tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heparin Insensitivity After Prolonged Total Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Francis J. Forster
Journal: JAMA (1980)

THE ANTICOAGULANT action of heparin depends on the presence in the plasma of an α<sub>2</sub>-globulin, antithrombin III. Heparin acts by binding to lysine sites on the antithrombin III molecule, enabling it to neutralize thrombin. In the absence of antithrombin III, heparin is ineffective.<sup>1</sup>The following report describes a case in which heparin failed to effect any change in the clotting measurements in a patient who had undergone prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN). <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 48-year-old iron worker was admitted to Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, Calif, for treatment of enterocutaneous fistulae. He appeared to be in robust health. He was 183 cm tall and weighed 92.6 kg. He showed no evidence of cardiovascular disease. His blood pressure was 140/80 mm Hg. He smoked heavily but had taken no alcohol in more than ten years. Admission laboratory values, including prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, were normal,
Editorial: Story of a Parade
Authors: H. H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This editorial is not about a military march; more nearly, a parade of incensed demonstrators comes to mind. The story begins with the March 28, 1976, issue of<i>Parade</i>—a magazine supplement inserted in many Sunday editions of newspapers. That issue published an article by Donald Robinson that struck a spark with its banner line—"Does Your Doctor Know How to Treat Cancer?"—and then huffed and puffed to light a flame. Just as unchecked cancer spreads like fire throughout the body, cancerphobia spreads through the mind and so damages personal fulfillment of the individual as sometimes to be a threat of substantial magnitude. And Robinson's message was calculated to have that effect. To whet the reader's appetite for scandal, the author described the cases of cancer in two women whose initial attending physicians were portrayed as inept and whose lives were saved because they somehow (Robinson doesn't say how) received "curative"
Ads: A choice image
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Gavin Yamey previews a US advertising campaign for mifepristone, the early pregnancy abortion pill

Dead fetuses. Weeping mothers. Doctors portrayed as murderers. In the United States, we are force fed a steady stream of graphic advertisements funded by opponents of abortion. Their latest target is mifepristone (RU-486), which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in September 2000.

Operation Rescue, an antiabortion group that believes in “taking the battle to the streets” (www.operationrescue.org), is driving its “Truth Truck” across the United States. The truck carries a billboard showing a fetus on the gloved palm of a doctor's hand, supposedly representing a pregnancy terminated by mifepristone. Next to it is a mother in anguish. The caption reads, “One dead. One wounded.”

In its “battle” to impede women from choosing to have an abortion, the antiabortion lobby has used advertising as a weapon. It makes sense, therefore, that supporters of mifepristone are using a …
What Is Empathy and Can It Be Taught?
Authors: Howard Spiro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Empathy is the "almost magical" emotion that persons or objects arouse in us as projections of our feelings. Empathy requires passion, more so than does equanimity, so long cherished by physicians. Medical students lose some of their empathy as they learn science and detachment, and hospital residents lose the remainder in the weariness of overwork and in the isolation of the intensive care units that modern hospitals have become. Conversations about experiences, discussions of patients and their human stories, more leisure and unstructured contemplation of the humanities help physicians to cherish empathy and to retain their passion. Physicians need rhetoric as much as knowledge, and they need stories as much as journals if they are to be more empathetic than computers.
Dark Circles Under Eyes
Authors: Robert A. Schless
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  Although Meyer B. Marks disagrees with R. K. Winkelmann's explanation for these offensive stigmata, and offers another opinion, I myself agree with both! Further, yet another explanation has been omitted from the roster.  Some years ago, an elegant lady drove in her fiacre along the main boulevard in Vienna. As she passed three gentlemen strolling arm in arm on this fine afternoon in the springtime, she smiled graciously upon them. After bowing, the first remarked to his friends, Did you observe the bracelet she wore? That was a gift from me. The second man replied, But the pendant upon her bosom I sent her! The third remarked quietly, And my gift was the rings under her eyes.
Human CD1c+ Dendritic Cells Drive the Differentiation of CD103+ CD8+ Mucosal Effector T Cells via the Cytokine TGF-β
Authors: Chun I. Yu, Christian Becker, Yuanyuan Wang, Florentina Marches, Julie Helft, Marylene Leboeuf, Esperanza Anguiano, Stephane Pourpe, Kristina Goller, Virginia Pascual, Jacques Banchereau, Miriam Merad, Karolina Palucka
Journal: Immunity (2013)

In comparison to murine dendritic cells (DCs), less is known about the function of human DCs in tissues. Here, we analyzed, by using lung tissues from humans and humanized mice, the role of human CD1c+ and CD141+ DCs in determining the type of CD8+ T cell immunity generated to live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccine. We found that both lung DC subsets acquired influenza antigens in vivo and expanded specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in vitro. However, lung-tissue-resident CD1c+ DCs, but not CD141+ DCs, were able to drive CD103 expression on CD8+ T cells and promoted CD8+ T cell accumulation in lung epithelia in vitro and in vivo. CD1c+ DCs induction of CD103 expression was dependent on membrane-bound cytokine TGF-β1. Thus, CD1c+ and CD141+ DCs generate CD8+ T cells with different properties, and CD1c+ DCs specialize in the regulation of mucosal CD8+ T cells.
Inappropriate expression of blood group antigens in hepatic allografts
Authors: Stuart Bloom, Ken Fleming, Roger Chapman, James Neuberger, Stefan Hubscher
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We examined the expression of blood group antigens of the ABO, Lewis and Kell antigen systems using monoclonal antibodies and immunohistochemical study on 42 liver allograft specimens from 33 patients who underwent liver transplantation between 1986 and 1991 to learn whether altered blood group antigen expression might have a bearing on the immunopathogenesis of transplant rejection. Specimens were obtained at intervals of 0 days to 3 yr after transplant; they yielded the following histological diagnoses; time zero (n = 4), acute rejection (n = 4), pure cholestasis (n = 4), biliary obstruction (n = 4), early chronic rejection (n = 4), end-stage chronic rejection (n = 15) and miscellaneous late posttransplant biopsies (n = 7). Aberrant expression of blood group antigens was observed in 5 of 15 patients with chronic rejection. Two transplants into the same group O patient showed aberrant expression of AB antigens on hepatocytes, with a canalicular pattern, in group O-transplanted livers. In all three cases in which a group O liver was transplanted into a group A recipient and histological signs of chronic rejection were present, antibody staining showed acquisition of recipient blood phenotype by the donor liver bile ducts, endothelium or both. Aberrant expression of ABO antigens was seen only in chronic rejection. In seven cases we noted canalicular staining of periportal hepatocytes with the Lewis antibodies, normally confined to ducts and ductules. This was associated with severe cholestasis in six of the seven cases and may have represented early ductular metaplasia. These changes in carbohydrate cell surface phenotype may play a role in regulation of hepatic allograft susceptibility to immune-mediated damage.
Antitumor Activity of Cationic Lipid Complexed with Immunostimulatory DNA
Authors: Samantha Rudginsky, William Siders, Laurie Ingram, John Marshall, Ronald Scheule, Johanne Kaplan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

We previously reported that treatment of intraperitoneal tumors with complexes of cationic lipid and noncoding plasmid DNA leads to the development of a specific, cytotoxic T-cell response correlating with the rejection of established tumor cells as well as subsequent tumor re-challenge. Here, focusing on an intraperitoneal AB12 mesothelioma model, we show that the anticancer effects of the lipid:DNA complex are associated with DNA containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs. Complexes prepared with cationic lipid and bacterial plasmid DNA, Escherichia coli genomic DNA fragments, or synthetic immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides provided a substantial survival benefit, whereas eukaryotic DNA and methylated bacterial DNA had little or no therapeutic activity. Alternative inflammatory stimuli such as thioglycolate, poly(I:C), and incomplete or complete Freund's adjuvant failed to reproduce the antitumor activity obtained with the lipid:DNA complex. The innate immune response triggered by lipid:DNA complexes led to the development of a systemic immune response against tumor cells that allowed animals to reject tumors not only at the intraperitoneal treatment site, but also at a distal subcutaneous site. These data demonstrate that immunostimulatory DNA complexed with cationic lipid is a potent inducer of innate and adaptive immune responses against tumor cells and represents a potentially useful tool in the immunotherapy of cancers for which tumor-associated antigens have not been identified.
Microtubule-Dependent Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Exocytosis
Authors: Eva-Maria Schnaeker, Rainer Ossig, Thomas Ludwig, Rita Dreier, Hans Oberleithner, M. Wilhelmi, Stefan W. Schneider
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that cleave and degrade a wide spectrum of extracellular matrix components. By enhancing turnover of extracellular matrix, MMP activity is also known to play a key role in tumor cell invasion. Because extracellular protease activity requires efficient release of these proteases to the cellular surface, we investigated storage, transport, and exocytosis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human melanoma cells using immunofluorescence, electrical, and biochemical techniques. Immunolabeling of melanoma cells with antibodies specific for MMP-2 and MMP-9 led to the identification of two distinct populations of small cytoplasmatic vesicles containing MMP-2 or MMP-9, respectively. In combination with α-tubulin–specific antibodies, both vesicle populations were found to be aligned along the microtubular network. Moreover, the molecular motor protein kinesin is shown to be localized on most of these vesicles, providing evidence that the identified vesicles are actively propelled along microtubules toward the plasma membrane. The functional relevance of these findings is demonstrated using low dosage (5.9 nmol/L) of paclitaxel to affect the microtubular function of melanoma cells. Although cell proliferation is not altered, paclitaxel treatment impairs secretion of MMP-2/MMP-9 and significantly reduces invasive activity in our new cell invasion assay. In conclusion, we demonstrate in melanoma cells that microtubule-dependent traffic of MMP-containing vesicles and exocytosis are critical steps for invasive behavior and therefore are potential targets for specific antitumor drugs.
TCT-587 Impact of Immediate Vessel Reactions to Stent Deployment on Periprocedural Troponin Leakage and Mid-term Vascular Healing: Serial Optical Coherence Tomography Study after Everolimus-eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Masamichi Iwasaki, Toshiro Shinke, Hiromasa Otake, Tomofumi Takaya, Masayuki Nakagawa, Tsuyoshi Ohsue, Yu Taniguchi, Hiroto Kinutani, Akihide Konishi, Ryo Nishio, Masaru Kuroda, Hachidai Takahashi, Daisuke Terashita, Ken-ichi Hirata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Extent and Severity of Vascular Leakage as Evidence of Tumor Aggressiveness in High-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Yue Cao, Vijaya Nagesh, Daniel Hamstra, Christina I. Tsien, Brian D. Ross, Thomas L. Chenevert, Larry Junck, Theodore S. Lawrence
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging reveals heterogeneous regions within high-grade gliomas, such as a contrast-enhanced rim, a necrotic core, and non–contrast-enhanced abnormalities. It is unclear which of these regions best describes tumor aggressiveness. We hypothesized that the vascular leakage volume, reflecting disorganized angiogenesis typical of glioblastoma, would be a strong predictor of clinical outcome. The FLAIR tumor volume, post-gadolinium T1 tumor volume, tumor vascular leakage volume determined by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, and volume of the contrast-enhanced rim seen on post-gadolinium T1-weighted images were defined for 20 patients about to undergo treatment for newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas. The potential for imaging characteristics to improve prediction of survival and time to progression over clinical variables was tested by using Cox regression analysis. Single-variable Cox regression analysis of each of the four tumor subvolumes revealed that the vascular leakage volume was the only significant predictor of survival. When the joint effect of clinical variables and the vascular leakage volume were tested for prediction of survival, only the age and the vascular leakage volume were selected as significant predictors. However, when time to progression was tested as a dependent variable, both the vascular leakage volume and the vascular permeability were selected as copredictors, along with surgical status. Our findings suggest that for patients with high-grade glioma, time to progression after radiation therapy is influenced by both underlying biological aggressiveness (vascularity) and volume of aggressive tumor. In contrast, survival depends chiefly on the volume of aggressive tumor at the time of presentation. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8912-7)
New Tests to Assess Lung Function
Authors: Peter T. Macklem, Norman L. Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

THE first paper in this series* outlined the reasons for employing exercise testing in the clinical evaluation of pulmonary disease, presented the principles underlying the measurements, and described briefly the normal respiratory responses to exercise. The present paper focuses on the mechanisms whereby respiratory disease reduces the ability to perform exercise. Rather than describe the patterns of response in given categories of disease, it summarizes the information gained from exercise testing to show the insight obtained into a variety of respiratory functions more familiarly studied by other technics at rest. Observations made in the resting state may not be a . . .
WHICH IS WORST IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PRIMARY ANGIOPLASTY FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION? HYPERGLYCEMIA?, DIABETES MELLITUS? OR BOTH?
Authors: Mehmet Ergelen, Huseyin Uyarel, Gokhan Cicek, Turgay Isik, Damirbek Osmonov, Zeki Y. Gunaydin, Mehmet Bozbay, Ayca Turer, Mehmet Gul, Gul B. Abanonu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
NHS hospital is taken over by a private social enterprise
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

After months of detailed auditing by the Treasury and the Department of Health, the first deal under which a private company will take control of an NHS hospital has finally been signed.

Circle, a John Lewis-style social enterprise co-owned by its employees, was selected to run the troubled Hinchingbrooke Hospital in Cambridgeshire in November 2010 after a beauty parade of would be contractors had been held. Its contract ought to have started in June this year but intensive examination of the contract terms caused delays. It will now be February 2012 before the 10 year contract begins.

Hinchingbrooke faced severe financial difficulties and possible closure or merger with another trust before the search for a suitor began. The only NHS trust on the short …
Proposals for US National Health Insurance
Authors: Donald J Palmisano
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
VARIATIONS IN THE ACTIVITY OF THE CILIARY MUSCLES
Authors: G. F. Alexander
Journal: BMJ (1918)

T[M B^An 57 absolutely necessary, alndl tlhcii only for as slholt a time as possible, and shoulld never interfere witli passive and active movements.I am writing now mainly of the upper extremity, but I am not by any means excluding the lower.MUassage is a most excellent adjunct-far and away the best-to active movement.I lay but little stress on electricity or baths.1-n war surgery the future usefulness of tlle wounded muust be borne in mind, and in that relation the order of imt)portance is-muscles, joints, and bones; not bonies, join&ts, muscles.If a demand is made upon nature witlhout unIdlue pain, and carefully advancing, nature will always responid.Disuse, active and passive, means malnutrition of thie part.Muscles atrophy, bones atrophy, blood vessels atr ophy, pus tends to track along the intermuscuilar planes; passive and active m-noverment help to drive the ptis out.W'hien passive or active movemnents are begun early, pain is the danger signal that shiowvs hlarmii is being done, and the movements slould be nmodified temporarily.When after prolonged immobilization adliesions have formed, however, pain lhas to be endured wlhile the adlhesions are being -stretched or broken..I anm not at all surprised, thierefore, that tlhere lhas been an insistent demand for the
Heparan sulfate and heparanase play key roles in mouse β cell survival and autoimmune diabetes
Authors: Andrew F. Ziolkowski, Sarah K. Popp, Craig Freeman, Christopher R. Parish, Charmaine J. Simeonovic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) that arises spontaneously in NOD mice is considered to be a model of T1D in humans. It is characterized by the invasion of pancreatic islets by mononuclear cells (MNCs), which ultimately leads to destruction of insulin-producing β cells. Although T cell dependent, the molecular mechanisms triggering β cell death have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that a glycosaminoglycan, heparan sulfate (HS), is expressed at extraordinarily high levels within mouse islets and is essential for β cell survival. In vitro, β cells rapidly lost their HS and died. β Cell death was prevented by HS replacement, a treatment that also rendered the β cells resistant to damage from ROS. In vivo, autoimmune destruction of islets in NOD mice was associated with production of catalytically active heparanase, an HS-degrading enzyme, by islet-infiltrating MNCs and loss of islet HS. Furthermore, in vivo treatment with the heparanase inhibitor PI-88 preserved intraislet HS and protected NOD mice from T1D. Our results identified HS as a critical molecular requirement for islet β cell survival and HS degradation as a mechanism for β cell destruction. Our findings suggest that preservation of islet HS could be a therapeutic strategy for preventing T1D.
Endogenous production of angiotensin II modulates rat proximal tubule transport.
Authors: A Quan, M Baum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

There is evidence that angiotensin II is synthesized by the proximal tubule and secreted into the tubular lumen. This study examined the functional significance of endogenously produced angiotensin II on proximal tubule transport in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Addition of 10(-11), 10(-8), and 10(-6) M angiotensin II to the lumen of proximal convoluted tubules perfused in vivo had no effect on the rate of fluid reabsorption. The absence of an effect of exogenous luminal angiotensin II could be due to its endogenous production and luminal secretion. Luminal 10(-8) M Dup 753 (an angiotensin II receptor antagonist) resulted in a 35% decrease in proximal tubule fluid reabsorption when compared to control (Jv = 1.64 +/- 0.12 nl/mm.min vs. 2.55 +/- 0.32 nl/mm.min, P < 0.05). Similarly, luminal 10(-4) M enalaprilat, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, decreased fluid reabsorption by 40% (Jv = 1.53 +/- 0.23 nl/mm.min vs. 2.55 +/- 0.32 nl/mm.min, P < 0.05). When 10(-11) or 10(-8) M exogenous angiotensin II was added to enalaprilat (10(-4) M) in the luminal perfusate, fluid reabsorption returned to its baseline rate (Jv = 2.78 +/- 0.35 nl/mm.min). Thus, addition of exogenous angiotensin II stimulates proximal tubule transport when endogenous production is inhibited. These experiments show that endogenously produced angiotensin II modulates fluid transport in the proximal tubule independent of systemic angiotensin II.
Operative Techniques in Vascular Surgery
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1981)

If Darwin were a surgeon today, he might be amazed to see that in the evolution of vascular surgery, many of its operations have become simpler and less time-consuming. This superb atlas details the "fittest" surviving standard procedures and exposes many new subspecies. Reconstructive venous surgery in patients with leg pain and swelling, for example, has now passed its early stage. Accordingly, the already successful forms of vein-to-vein bypass grafts, as well as venous valve transposition or repair, are clearly illustrated. Other operations in the "new but ready for clinical application" category—such as isolated external carotid endarterectomy, ex vivo renal artery repair, peritoneovenous and mesoatrial shunting, and the Sugiura procedure—are presented, along with their operative indications. What distinguishes the descriptions of the more standard operative procedures is the preeminence of the authors, including Stanley Crawford on thoracoabdominal aneurysms, Jesse Thompson on carotid disease, John Bergan on mesenteric ischemia, and David
Israeli doctors oppose "black medicine" bill
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The Israel Medical Association has criticised a new government bill that could make it a criminal act for a doctor to accept from a patient an “under the table” fee in exchange for preferential treatment. Known as the Black Medicine Bill, it will soon be presented to the parliament at the initiative of Health Minister Dr Ephraim Sneh.

Under existing laws, doctors who accept money illicitly and give special or speedier treatment or agree to treat a patient outside the regular duty roster violate civil laws. Sometimes doctors solicit “contributions” from patients to their department's research fund; the money is either pocketed by the department heads or divided among a wider circle of doctors to cover the cost of medical conferences abroad. In other cases a doctor may invite the patient home and explain the “risks” …