tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Bladder Cancer Risk in Never Smokers of Los Angeles County
Authors: Xuejuan Jiang, Jian-Min Yuan, Paul L. Skipper, Steven R. Tannenbaum, Mimi C. Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer and a prominent point source of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), a recognized human bladder carcinogen. 4-ABP-hemoglobin (Hb) adducts are established biomarkers of 4-ABP exposure in humans. The role of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the etiology of bladder cancer is largely unknown. As part of a large population-based bladder cancer study in Los Angeles County, California, lifetime exposure to ETS was ascertained for 148 cases and 292 control subjects who had never used any tobacco products over their lifetime. 4-ABP-Hb adducts were quantitatively measured on 230 control subjects. Female lifelong nonsmokers living with two or more smokers during childhood were significantly related to risk of bladder cancer [odds ratio (OR), 3.08; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.16–8.22]. During adulthood, ∼2-fold risks were seen among women living with a spouse/domestic partner who smoked for ≥10 years or having a coworker who smoked in an indoor environment for ≥10 years. When all sources of ETS exposure were combined, a statistically significant, dose-dependent association (P for trend = 0.03) was noted in women, with the OR for the highest category of ETS exposure being 5.48 (95% CI, 1.06–28.36). Levels of 4-ABP-Hb adducts varied by ETS exposure status among female control subjects. Mean level was lowest in women never exposed to ETS (16.4 pg/g Hb) and highest in those with current ETS exposure (23.6 pg/g Hb). ETS exposure was associated with neither bladder cancer risk nor 4-ABP-Hb adduct levels in male lifelong nonsmokers. In conclusion, ETS is a risk factor for bladder cancer in women who were lifelong nonusers of any tobacco products. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7540–5]
Enhancement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate content in bone cells by the factor extracted from a pancreatic cancer associated with hypercalcemia
Authors: Naokazu Nagata, Nobuo Kugai, Makoto Maemura, Takuhiko Akatsu, Takehide Shimauchi, Tokuyasu Kinoshita, Hiroshi Kosano, Osamu Takatani, Hitoshi Tsuda, Yusuke Fuse
Journal: Metabolism (1986)
A Case of Spinal Hemiplegia Following Gangrene of the Right Great Toe
Authors: A. Vesey
Journal: BMJ (1882)

THE BRTISH MEDICAL fOURNAL.seen in spontaneous action in imbeciles; it is these muscles that work awkwardly in nervous one-sided grinning, and in this legion we most commonly see asymmetry of the features, due to nerve-muscular condi- tions.It is interesting to note that this region of the face is the most affected by brain-disease (paralysis), and in "nervousness" (irregularity of the mobile features).Again, it is the levator labii superioris in the lower zone which produces one-sided snarling, one of the lowest expressions produced by the human face.In complete development and perfect health the features are usually regular in passive form and in symmetry of movement.In most expressions, the symmetry of bilateral movement is complete; from this we infer that the nerve- mechanisms for each side of the face are intimately connected.In observing how easily facial asymmetry is brought about, we see evidence that the union of the facial centres is easily dissolved and not very strong, the asymmetry being especially seen in the lower zone; thus asymmetry is produced by nervousness (see one-sided grinning), by the desire to attack (see Darwits on the Expression ofthe Emotions, page 250) (snarling), or by such defective nutrition or development as produces unequal features when in motion.The higher, more intelligent expressions are symmetrical, Union of the facial centres is less perfect than the union between the motor centres of the eyes, for the cerebral condition producing " emotion" cannot cause dissociated movement of the eyes.We find here an illustration that symmetry of action, as well as symmetry of structure, is part of the law of beauty.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Authors: Alberto Odio
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was very pleased to see the article by Krober et al<sup>1</sup>shedding light on the long-standing controversy regarding the effect of antibiotics on the clinical course of streptococcal pharyngitis. However, having already heard their findings misquoted and misinterpreted, I be
CLOPIDOGREL AND ASPIRIN VERSUS ASPIRIN ALONE IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS WITH ESTABLISHED VASCULAR DISEASE; A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Swapna Kamireddy, Marc S. Sabatine, Deepak L. Bhatt, Steven R. Steinhubl, William E. Boden
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Lymphopenia-induced spontaneous T-cell proliferation as a cofactor for autoimmune disease development
Authors: Armelle Le Campion, Marie-Claude Gagnerault, Cédric Auffray, Chantal Bécourt, Maud Poitrasson-Rivière, Eliette Lallemand, Boris Bienvenu, Bruno Martin, Françoise Lepault, Bruno Lucas
Journal: Blood (2009)
Abstract 3629: HOXA10 expression profiles in prostate cancer
Authors: Yuji Hatanaka, Marco A. De Velasco, Yurie Kura, Yuji Yamamoto, Mitsumasa Kodama, Masahiro Nozawa, Nobutaka Shimizu, Kazuhiro Yoshimura, Kazuhiro Yoshikawa, Kazuto Nishio, Hirotsugu Uemura
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract HOXA10 is a member of the homeobox gene family and is a transcription factor primarily involved in embryonic development. Perturbed HOX gene expression has been identified in numerous cancers and thus suggests that these genes may play important roles in diagnosis and treatment of cancer. We initially identified altered HOXA10 expression in prostate tumors form prostate-specific PTEN conditional knockout mice. HOXA10 is highly expressed in the normal prostate glands from wildtype and PTEN-mutant mice and gradually decreases with tumor development and decreased differentiation. However, focal expression of HOXA10 is observed in poorly differentiated tumors and is highly expressed in metastases. To determine clinical significance of HOXA10 in human prostate cancer, we examined HOXA10 expression by immunohistochemistry in matched normal and cancer specimens from prostatectomy cases. HOXA10 nuclear expression was measured according to intensity and distribution. Our analysis shows that HOXA10 is strongly expressed in benign glands and low expression is significantly correlated with Gleason grade (p&amp;lt;0.001), tumor differentiation (p&amp;lt;0.02), pathological stage (p&amp;lt;0.001) and PSA-failure (p&amp;lt;0.001). Expression of HOXA10 was also evaluated in human prostate cell lines and was strong in the benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH-1 human prostate cell line and weak to absent in the malignant human prostate cancer cell lines PC3, DU145 and LNCaP. These data show that HOXA10 is related to tumorigenesis of prostate cancer prostate cancer and warrants further investigation into the functional role of HOXA10 in tumor development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3629. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3629
Tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression and the response to interferon in chronic hepatitis
Authors: E Larrea
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a cytokine with pleiotropic properties that is induced in a variety of pathological situations including viral infections. In this work, we analyzed the expression of TNF-alpha gene in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Serum TNF-alpha levels were found to be elevated in all chronic hepatitis C patients including those cases presenting sustained biochemical remission of the disease after interferon therapy. Untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C showed increased TNF-alpha messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the liver and mononuclear cells as compared with healthy controls. After completion of treatment with interferon, patients experiencing sustained complete response showed values of TNF-alpha mRNA, both in the liver and in peripheral mononuclear cells, within the normal range, significantly lower than patients who did not respond to interferon and than those with complete response who relapsed after interferon withdrawal. Pretreatment values of TNF-alpha mRNA were lower in long-term responders to interferon than in cases who failed to respond to the treatment. Values of TNF-alpha mRNA in the liver or in mononuclear cells were higher in specimens with positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA than in those samples where the virus was undetectable. Neither the intensity of the liver damage nor the amount of HCV RNA in serum or in cells showed correlation with the levels of TNF-alpha transcripts in peripheral mononuclear cells but it was found that high TNF-alpha values were associated with genotype 1b. In conclusion, there is an enhanced expression of TNF-alpha in HCV infection. High levels of this cytokine may play a role in the resistance to interferon therapy. (Hepatology 1996 Feb;23(2):210-7)
Reviewing the Unsubstantiated Claims for the Methodological Superiority of ‘Placebo’ over ‘Active’ Controlled Trials: Reply to Open Peer Commentaries
Authors: Jeremy Howick
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments Robin Nunn, Dominic Wilkinson, and Olive Goddard offered useful comments on earlier drafts of this commentary. Conversations with Dominic Wilkinson and Nancy Cartwright helped clarify my thoughts. I wrote this whilst I was a recipient of an MRC/ESRC Interdisciplinary Postdoctoral Fellowship (G0800055).
The Draining Malignant Ulceration
Authors: Daniel H. Carmichael
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The excellent discussion by Donald K. Wood, MD (1980;244:820), of "The Draining Malignant Ulceration: Palliative Management in Advanced Cancer" did not mention the improvement of the odor of fungating lesions with oral metronidazole (Flagyl), 200 to 400 mg three times a day.<sup>1,2</sup>Metronidazole apparently decreases tumor anaerobes, which cause the foul odor. In addition, I have found that topical application of solutions containing balsam of Peru may further decrease the odor.
Recombinant human interferon-inducible protein 10 is a chemoattractant for human monocytes and T lymphocytes and promotes T cell adhesion to endothelial cells.
Authors: D D Taub, A R Lloyd, K Conlon, J M Wang, J R Ortaldo, A Harada, K Matsushima, D J Kelvin, J J Oppenheim
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The human cytokine interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a small glycoprotein secreted by activated T cells, monocytes, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes, and is structurally related to a family of chemotactic cytokines called chemokines. Although this protein is present in sites of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and lepromatous leprosy lesions, the biological activity of IP-10 remains unknown. We report here that recombinant human IP-10 stimulated significant in vitro chemotaxis of human peripheral blood monocytes but not neutrophils. Recombinant human IP-10 also stimulated chemotaxis of stimulated, but not unstimulated, human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Phenotypic analysis of the stimulated T cell population responsive to IP-10 demonstrated that stimulated CD4+ and CD29+ T cells migrated in response to IP-10. This resembles the biological activity of the previously described T cell chemoattractant RANTES. Using an endothelial cell adhesion assay, we demonstrated that stimulated T cells pretreated with optimal doses of IP-10 exhibited a greatly enhanced ability to bind to an interleukin 1-treated endothelial cell monolayer. These results demonstrate that the IP-10 gene encodes for an inflammatory mediator that specifically stimulates the directional migration of T cells and monocytes as well as potentiates T cell adhesion to endothelium.
INSIGHTS INTO DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AND T-WAVE INVERSION ON THE 12-LEAD ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
Authors: Peter Ofman, Mathias L. Stoenescu, Leenhapong Navaravong, Robert A. Levine, Marat Abdullin, Gaurav Alreja, Kavitha Nidamanuri, Dennis Tighe, Adelque Peralta, Zelmira Curillova, Leng Jiang, James R. Cook
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Double Contrast Gastrointestinal Radiology With Endoscopic Correlation
Authors: Bruce Silver
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Double contrast radiography of the colon has been available to the radiologist for decades. Within the last few years, however, there has been a resurgence in this technique. Improvement in apparatus and barium preparations has resulted in notably superior radiographs. A detailed look at the mucosal lining of gut has been provided. A need then arose for interpretation of these surface patterns as well as a technique to reproduce these images consistently. The author and his collaborators have answered this need with<i>Double Contrast Gastrointestinal Radiology With Endoscopic Correlation</i>. Detailed in 17 chapters is a method for double contrast examination of the entire gastrointestinal tract. Technical and interpretative information is described; radiographic reproductions are excellent. The chapter entitled "Principles of Double Contrast Diagnosis" is particularly useful in presenting basic concepts of interpretation that apply to double contrast examination of any region of the gut. Pathology presented has been limited to
ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION DUE TO SERUTAN
Authors: A. Melamed
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Recent medical literature contains few reports1of esophageal obstruction resulting from ingestion of hygroscopic substances. These hygroscopic substances become swollen and spongy on the addition of  If an insufficient quantity of water or fluid is taken after ingestion of the hygroscopic material and/or if transient spasm or constriction in the esophagus occurs, the rapidly swelling mass may become trapped. We encountered a patient with a subtotal gastric resection in whom Serutan caused an esophageal obstruction. The manufacturer of Serutan states that it is a hydrogel obtained from Plantago ovata and extracted from sugar beets from which the roughage has been removed.  REPORT OF A CASE  This 69-year-old patient entered the hospital on May 13, 1949, 12 to 13 hours after he had ingested Serutan. Without reading the directions first, he ingested two teaspoonfuls of dry Serutan and then had taken a swallow of water. Almost immediately the patient
P4-02-12: Plasma Estradiol Levels and Degree of Estrogen Receptor Positivity by Image Analysis in a Large Cohort of Breast Cancer Cases: Results from the Nurses' Health Study.
Authors: LC Collins, GW Frieling, TP Ahern, R Hu, SE Hankinson, RM Tamimi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Breast cancer risk is strongly associated with endogenous reproductive hormones. There is also good evidence to suggest that endogenous estradiol levels are more strongly associated with the development of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancers than with ER negative cancers. However, the degree of ER positivity in those cancers that develop is not yet established. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the proportion and intensity of tumor cells demonstrating ER positivity using image analysis in a large cohort of breast cancers for which we also had plasma estradiol levels. Design: Tissue microarray (TMA) sections of breast cancers from women enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study were immunostained for ER (1D5, Dako Corporation, Carpinteria, CA). Slides were then scanned using the ScanScope slide scanning system (Aperio Technologies Inc., Vista, CA) and ER staining was assessed for both intensity and percent of nuclei staining positively using a specific algorithm, Nuclear v9, which evaluates nuclear size, intensity, roundness, curvature, compactness, and elongation. Plasma samples were collected prior to the date of diagnosis for all women in the study and estradiol levels were determined by radioimmunoassay following extraction and celite column chromatography. Result: Image analysis data for ER was available for 691 breast cancers. The mean percent of tumor cell positivity was approximately uniformly distributed, with a mean of 44.5%, (median=41.3%, max=99.6%). The proportion of tumor cells staining for ER from the TMA cores was positively associated with patient age (p&amp;lt;0.0001), and postmenopausal status (p=0.008), while inversely associated with tumor grade (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Among women with image analysis data for ER, plasma estradiol data were also available for 320 postmenopausal women. Estrogen receptor positivity (by proportion or intensity) did not vary according to plasma estradiol levels (p=0.17). Conclusion: While high concentrations of plasma estradiol are more strongly associated with the development of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer versus estrogen receptor negative cancers, the degree of estrogen receptor positivity in the breast cancers that develop is not influenced by this variable. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-12.
Left Ventricular Remodeling After Primary Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Leonardo Bolognese, Aleksandar N. Neskovic, Guido Parodi, Giampaolo Cerisano, Piergiovanni Buonamici, Giovanni M. Santoro, David Antoniucci
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— We prospectively evaluated the prevalence, pattern, and prognostic impact of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) successfully treated with primary PTCA. The prevalence, course, and prognostic value of LV remodeling after primary PTCA are still to be clarified. Methods and Results— In 284 consecutive patients with AMI treated with primary PTCA, serial echocardiographic and angiographic studies, within 24 hours (T1), at 1 (T2) and 6 months (T3) after AMI were performed. Long-term (61±14 months) clinical follow-up data were collected for 98.6% patients enrolled in the study. Overall, 85 (30%) patients showed LV dilation (&gt;20% end-diastolic volume increase) at T3 as compared with T1. Early (from T1 to T2), late (from T2 to T3), and progressive dilation patterns (from T1 to T2 to T3) were detected in 42 (15%), 41 (14%), and 36 (13%) patients, respectively. Cardiac death and combined events rate was significantly higher among patients with than among those without LV dilation ( P =0.005 and P =0.025, respectively). The pattern of LV dilation during 6 months did not significantly affect survival. Cox survival analysis identified end-systolic volume at T1 and age as baseline predictors and end-systolic volume at T3 and age as 6-month predictors of cardiac death, respectively. Conclusions— LV remodeling after successful PTCA occurs despite sustained patency of the infarct-related artery and preservation of regional and global LV function. LV dilation at 6 months after AMI but not the specific pattern of LV dilation is clearly associated with worse long-term clinical outcome.
How well can we predict coronary heart disease? Findings in the United Kingdom Heart Disease Prevention Project.
Authors: R F Heller, S Chinn, H D Pedoe, G Rose
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The probability of myocardial infarction developing over five years in a group of middle aged men was predicted with knowledge of their ages, blood pressures, cholesterol concentrations, and smoking habits as recorded in an initial screening examination. Although the top 15% of the risk distribution predicted 115 (32%) of the subsequent cases of myocardial infarction, there was a considerable overlap in predicted risk between those subjects who did and those who did not go on to develop a myocardial infarction. Of the subjects in the top 15% of risk, only 72 (7%) of those initially free of coronary heart disease and 43 (22%) of those initially with coronary heart disease actually developed a myocardial infarction over the subsequent five years. Thus, although a group of subjects at high risk can be identified, among whom will be a high proportion of potential victims of heart attack, many subjects will be wrongly classified. These findings may explain part of the difficulty in persuading patients of the potential benefits of reducing risks and highlight the need for research to improve the prediction of the development of coronary heart disease.
Exhaled Ethane Is Elevated in Cystic Fibrosis and Correlates with Carbon Monoxide Levels and Airway Obstruction
Authors: PAOLO PAREDI, SERGEI A. KHARITONOV, DAVID LEAK, PALLAV L. SHAH, DEREK CRAMER, MARGARET E. HODSON, PETER J. BARNES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Ethane is produced from lipid peroxidation and can be measured in the exhaled air. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by recurrent respiratory infections, release of reactive oxygen species by inflammatory cells, and increased oxidative stress. We measured exhaled ethane in 23 CF subjects (mean age +/- SEM, 21 +/- 4 yr; 10 male, FEV(1) 62 +/- 4%) and compared it with two other noninvasive markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO). Exhaled ethane was collected during a flow and pressure-controlled exhalation into a reservoir discarding dead space air contaminated with ambient air. A sample (2 ml) of the expired air was analyzed by chromatography. Ethane levels were elevated in patients not on steroids (n = 13, 1.99 +/- 0.20 ppb) compared with steroid-treated patients (n = 10, 0.67 +/- 0.09 ppb, p < 0.01) and with 14 nonsmoking control (8 men, age 33 +/- 2.8 yr) subjects (0.82 +/- 0.40 ppb, p < 0.05). In patients not on steroid treatment ethane was correlated to airway obstruction as assessed by the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/ TLC) (r = 0. 66, p < 0.05) and exhaled CO (r = 0.65, p < 0.05). CO concentrations were also higher in patients not on steroid treatment (3.4 +/- 0.2 ppm) than in steroid-treated patients (2.6 +/- 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05), whereas NO concentrations were not influenced by steroid treatment (3.0 +/- 0.4 ppm and 2.9 +/- 0.2 ppm, p > 0.05) and were lower than in a control group (7.0 +/- 0.4 ppb, p < 0.05). Exhaled ethane is elevated in CF, reduced in steroid-treated patients and correlates with CO and RV/TLC; therefore, it may be a useful noninvasive marker of oxidative stress.
A selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 blocks cytokine production and attenuates progression of experimental arthritis
Authors: Tony Muchamuel, Michael Basler, Monette A Aujay, Erika Suzuki, Khalid W Kalim, Christoph Lauer, Catherine Sylvain, Eileen R Ring, Jamie Shields, Jing Jiang, Peter Shwonek, Francesco Parlati, Susan D Demo, Mark K Bennett, Christopher J Kirk, Marcus Groettrup
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease represent the outgrowth of a dominant tumor clone derived from (crippled) germinal center B cells.
Authors: H Kanzler, R Küppers, M L Hansmann, K Rajewsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

In Hodgkin's disease (HD), the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells represent only a minute population in the diseased tissue. The investigation of lineage derivation and clonal origin of these cells has yielded conflicting results. We have analyzed HRS cells micromanipulated from infiltrated tissue sections of 10 primary HD patients for rearranged V genes, extending a previous study. Clonally related rearrangements were found in nine cases, indicating that HRS cells represent a dominant clone of B lineage-derived cells in at least a large fraction of cases of HD. Rearranged VH genes from HRS cells carried a high load of somatic mutation, indicating that HRS cells are derived from germinal center (GC) cells or their progeny. Stop codons in some in-frame V gene rearrangements suggest that the HRS cell precursors reside inside GCs, have acquired crippling mutations that prevent antigenic selection, but escape apoptosis through some transforming event.