tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Barrett’s neoplasia after initial negative endoscopy with biopsy: a long-term histopathological follow-up study
Authors: M. Vieth, B. Schubert, K. Lang-Schwarz, M. Stolte
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Barrett's adenocarcinoma is being diagnosed increasingly. We examine possible differences between long segment and short-segment Barrett esophagus (LSBE and SSBE) in long-term follow-up on the basis of our histopathology registry.All Barrett's esophagus patients diagnosed histologically between 1990 and 1995 (n = 1071) were selected. Long-term follow-up data from endoscopy with biopsy were sought on all patients without neoplasia on initial endoscopic biopsy (n = 1003). A total of 255 individuals (25.4 %) were regarded as drop-outs (201 lost and 54 without further endoscopy). Of the remaining 748 patients with follow up for more than 5 years, 315 had documented LSBE, 246 had SSBE, and 187 had no length of Barrett esophagus recorded (NLBE).In the study cases (male : female ratio 2.1 : 1, mean age +/- SD 60.9 +/- 14.2 years), the biopsy procedure was fully compliant with guidelines in only 32.5 %. Only 5 cases (0.6 %) had visible lesions reported on endoscopy, but all were negative for neoplasia. Over a mean follow-up of 78.2 +/- 35.6 months (range 0-240), 7 new cases of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and 15 cancer cases developed, accounting for a yearly incidence of 0.2 % (LGIN) or 0.4 % (cancer) after an initial negative endoscopy. When the cases with initial diagnosis of neoplasia were included, this yearly incidence rose to 0.5 % (LGIN), 0.3 % (high grade intraepithelial neoplasia [HGIN]) or 1.7 % (cancer). Differences between SSBE and LSBE were only encountered for cancer incidence.The yearly incidence of Barrett esophagus cancer varies between 0.4 % and 1.7 %. Despite the limitations of this retrospective and pathology-based study, the observed risk of developing cancer in Barrett esophagus without neoplasia is comparable to that found in other studies, mainly from the US and the UK, and varies between 0.7 % and 1.0 % of yearly incidence.
Demand incidence and episode rates of ophthalmic disease in a defined urban population.
Authors: J. H. Sheldrick, S. A. Vernon, A. Wilson, S. J. Read
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To estimate demand incidence and episode rates of ophthalmic disease in a defined urban population over one year.Study of patients presenting with eye problems to general practice and eye casualty department.General practice and ophthalmic services in west Nottingham.36,018 people from the combined practice lists of 17 Nottingham general practitioners.Ophthalmic disorder, age and sex of patient, and where presented.587 consultations were recorded for ophthalmic problems, 1771 with general practitioners and 816 with eye casualty. Most consultations to general practice were by females (1066 (60%)), whereas men aged 15-44 accounted for most work in eye casualty. These men commonly presented with trauma. Infective conjunctivitis, the commonest condition, had an episode rate of 13.5/1000 population/year. Demand incidence for cataracts was 1.9/1000 population/year. Demand incidence for chronic conditions increased with age.As the average age of the population increases demand for ophthalmic services will rise. Planning and provision of resources to meet this increased demand should be considered now.
GPs could share profits from savings made through consortiums
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A private company has outlined plans for sharing the risks of GP commissioning while generating profits that could eventually be shared by the GPs participating in the scheme.

The scheme proposed by Integrated Health Partners (IHP) envisages GP commissioning consortiums setting up a joint venture with IHP in which the consortiums would have a 20% share. This joint venture would then be contracted to manage commissioning, with the aim of generating savings through greater efficiency.

These savings would be retained by the joint venture, creating profits of up to £80 million a year if consortiums representing two million patients were signed up and efficiency savings amounted to 5% of current spending, or £40 (€47; …
Surgical Treatment of Atherosclerotic Occlusive Lesions in Patients with Cerebral Arterial Insufficiency
Authors: E. STANLEY CRAWFORD, MICHAEL E. DE BAKEY, WILLIAM S. FIELDS, DENTON A. COOLEY, GEORGE C. MORRIS
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Cerebral vascular disease, according to the results of arteriography, may be caused by extracranial arterial lesions in one third of the cases. Observations in 174 cases are described. The results of surgical treatment in 63 patients are presented and evaluated on the basis of restoration of circulation, clinical improvement, and survival. The implications regarding diagnosis and indications and contraindications for surgery are discussed.
Phylogenetic Analyses Indicate that the 19′Hexanoyloxy-fucoxanthin-Containing Dinoflagellates Have Tertiary Plastids of Haptophyte Origin
Authors: Torstein Tengs, Ole J. Dahlberg, Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi, Dag Klaveness, Knut Rudi, Charles F. Delwiche, Kjetill S. Jakobsen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

The three anomalously pigmented dinoflagellates Gymnodinium galatheanum, Gyrodinium aureolum, and Gymnodinium breve have plastids possessing 19′-hexanoyloxy-fucoxanthin as the major carotenoid rather than peridinin, which is characteristic of the majority of the dinoflagellates. Analyses of SSU rDNA from the plastid and the nuclear genome of these dinoflagellate species indicate that they have acquired their plastids via endosymbiosis of a haptophyte. The dinoflagellate plastid sequences appear to have undergone rapid sequence evolution, and there is considerable divergence between the three species. However, distance, parsimony, and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analyses of plastid SSU rRNA gene sequences place the three species within the haptophyte clade. Pavlova gyrans is the most basal branching haptophyte and is the outgroup to a clade comprising the dinoflagellate sequences and those of other haptophytes. The haptophytes themselves are thought to have plastids of a secondary origin; hence, these dinoflagellates appear to have tertiary plastids. Both molecular and morphological data divide the plastids into two groups, where G. aureolum and G. breve have similar plastid morphology and G. galatheanum has plastids with distinctive features.
Diagnostic Value of Pre-Contrast T1 Mapping in Acute and Chronic Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Erica Dall'Armellina, Vanessa M. Ferreira, Rajesh K. Kharbanda, Bernard Prendergast, Stefan K. Piechnik, Matthew D. Robson, Melanie Jones, Jane M. Francis, Robin P. Choudhury, Stefan Neubauer
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Climate for Bright's Disease.
Authors: A. F. McKay
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, Feb. 8, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Noticing the inquiry of Dr. Godfrey of Camden, N. J., regarding a climate for Bright's disease, I would say that, theoretically, if it be admitted, as it very genally is, that Bright's disease is primarily a nervous affection,
Relationship Between National Institutes of Health Research Awards to US Medical Schools and Managed Care Market Penetration
Authors: Ernest Moy
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —Medical research conducted in academic medical centers is often dependent on support from clinical revenues generated in these institutions. Anecdotal evidence suggests that managed care has the potential to affect research conducted in academic medical centers by challenging these clinical revenues. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine whether empirical evidence supports a relationship between managed care and the ability of US medical schools to sustain biomedical research. <h3>Design.</h3> —Data on annual extramural research grants awarded to US medical schools by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from fiscal years 1986 to 1995 were obtained, and each medical school was matched to a market for which information about health maintenance organization (HMO) penetration in 1995 was available. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Growth in total NIH awards, traditional research project (R01) awards, R01 awards to clinical and basic science departments, and changes in institutional ranking by NIH awards were compared among schools located in markets with low, medium, and high managed care penetration. <h3>Results.</h3> —Medical schools in all markets had comparable rates of growth in NIH awards from 1986 to 1990. Thereafter, medical schools in markets with high managed care penetration had slower growth in the dollar amounts and numbers of NIH awards compared with schools in markets with low or medium managed care penetration. This slower growth for schools in high managed care markets was associated with loss of share of NIH awards, equal to $98 million in 1995, and lower institutional ranking by NIH awards. Much of this revenue loss can be explained by the slower growth of R01 awards to clinical departments in medical schools in high managed care markets. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These findings provide evidence of an inverse relationship between growth in NIH awards during the past decade and managed care penetration among US medical schools. Whether this association is causal remains to be determined.
DAG Lipase Activity Is Necessary for TRP Channel Regulation in Drosophila Photoreceptors
Authors: Hung-Tat Leung, Julie Tseng-Crank, Eunju Kim, Cecon Mahapatra, Shikoh Shino, Ying Zhou, Lingling An, Rebecca W. Doerge, William L. Pak
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Ozone exposure in humans: inflammatory, small and peripheral airway responses.
Authors: G G Weinmann, M C Liu, D Proud, M Weidenbach-Gerbase, W Hubbard, R Frank
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We exposed eight normal adults to filtered air (FA) and 0.35 ppm ozone (O3) and compared responses in spirometry, including isovolume (isoV) flows at intermediate-to-low lung volumes, against levels of inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral lung resistance (Rp) measured through a wedged bronchoscope. Spirometry was performed at the end, 25 min and 24 h after exposure, bronchoscopy at 24 h after exposure. The percentages of neutrophils, fibrinogen, albumin, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and kinins were elevated in BALF after O3 compared with FA. The percentage reduction in (isoV) FEF25-75 at 25 min and 24 h after administration of O3 correlated closely with the rise in fibrinogen concentrations in BALF, a marker of altered vascular permeability. Rp, a measurement dominated by very small or peripheral airways, was unaffected in 7 of 8 subjects. The absence of change in Rp might have reflected insufficient penetration of O3 into these airways to produce or sustain an effect for 24 h; alternatively, the bronchoscopic procedure which included atropine and lidocaine pretreatment may have reversed an O3 effect. An unexpected finding was the significant association between baseline Rp (after FA) and the magnitude of the spirometric response to O3. Our results suggest that small airway dysfunction in the immediate post-O3 period is a marker of lung inflammation.
Interleukin-7 promotes HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Claire Vandergeeten, Rémi Fromentin, Sandrina DaFonseca, Mariam B. Lawani, Irini Sereti, Michael M. Lederman, Moti Ramgopal, Jean-Pierre Routy, Rafick-Pierre Sékaly, Nicolas Chomont
Journal: Blood (2013)
Treating medically unexplained physical symptoms
Authors: R. Mayou, M. Sharpe
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Chest pain, back pain, headache, muscular pains, bowel symptoms, breathlessness, dizziness, and fatigue often remain unexplained after medical assessment. 1 Such cases may be referred to as functional syndromes of chronic fatigue, chronic pain, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel or as somatoform (somatisation) disorders. In many cases the symptoms are severe, persistent, and disabling and cause considerable personal, social, and healthcare costs.1 2 3 Furthermore, the problem is large, accounting for a quarter of general practice consultations, as many as a half of outpatient clinic attendances, and a substantial number of hospital admissions.2

When symptoms are found not to result from “genuine physical illness” they are often believed to be insignificant or attributed to mental illness. Consequently when investigations prove negative, management is commonly limited to reassurance about the absence of disease and occasionally referral to a general psychiatrist. In our experience such referrals are …
A study of acne treatments as risk factors for skin cancer of the head and neck
Authors: D. J. HOGAN, TERESA TO, E. ROYCE WILSON, A. B. MILLER, DIANE ROBSON, KAREN HOLFELD, P. LANE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article A study of acne treatments as risk factors for skin cancer of the head and neck Get access D. J. HOGAN, D. J. HOGAN Department of Dermatology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar TERESA TO, TERESA TO Cincinatti, Ohio, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. ROYCE WILSON, E. ROYCE WILSON Cincinatti, Ohio, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. B. MILLER, A. B. MILLER Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar DIANE ROBSON, DIANE ROBSON Saskatchewan Cancer Foundation, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar KAREN HOLFELD, KAREN HOLFELD Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. LANE P. LANE Division of Dermatology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 125, Issue 4, 1 October 1991, Pages 343–348, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb14169.x Published: 01 October 1991
Abstract 517: MiR-29b is a novel potential prognostic marker and inhibits cell proliferation in colorectal cancer
Authors: Akira Inoue, Hirofumi Yamamoto, Mamoru Uemura, Junichi Nishimura, Taishi Hata, Ichiro Takemasa, Tsunekazu Mizushima, Yuichiro Doki, Masaki Mori
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in human cancers and contribute to the tumorigenesis. Recent studies have suggested that microRNA-29 (miR-29) family members in human may play an important role in many types of cancer by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. MiR-29 is considered good candidate for miRNA-based therapeutics. In colorectal cancer (CRC), however, few studies have shown the clinical significance and biological function of miR-29. The aim of the present study was to examine the prognostic impact of miR-29b and the biological significance of miR-29b in CRC. Materials and methods Expression of miR-29b was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR in 127 CRC patients who underwent curative resection. The impact of miR-29b expression on disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed in these 127 CRC patients. To investigate the functional role of miR-29b in vitro, tumor suppressive activity of miR-29b was assessed by proliferation assay, TUNEL assay and Ki-67 staining in CRC-derived cell lines (DLD1, HT29 and SW480). Results MiR-29b expression was significantly decreased in tumor tissues compared to corresponding normal tissue (P = 0.014). The DFS and OS were significantly longer in the high miR-29b expression group compared to those in the low miR-29b expression group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that expression of miR-29b was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.003), together with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.009), and serosal invasion (P = 0.002). In vitro assays revealed that forced expression of miR-29b was associated with a reduction of proliferative activity. TUNEL assay and Ki-67 staining revealed that miR-29b could induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in CRC cell lines. Conclusions Our findings suggested that miR-29b is a useful prognostic marker for CRC, and could be a promising therapeutic target against CRC. Citation Format: Akira Inoue, Hirofumi Yamamoto, Mamoru Uemura, Junichi Nishimura, Taishi Hata, Ichiro Takemasa, Tsunekazu Mizushima, Yuichiro Doki, Masaki Mori. MiR-29b is a novel potential prognostic marker and inhibits cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 517. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-517
Thrombopoietin level is inversely related to blast count, not platelet number, in Down syndrome neonates with transient myeloproliferative disorder
Authors: Motoki Bonno, Eiichi Azuma, Hajime Kawasaki, Xao-Li Zhang, Yoshihiro Komada, Masahiro Hirayama, Masamune Higashigawa, Masakazu Umemoto, Tadashi Koike, Takashi Kato, Tomoyuki Tahara, Hiroshi Miyazaki, Minoru Sakurai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) in neonates with Down syndrome is characterized by increased megakaryoblastic cells in the peripheral blood. Despite their spontaneous regression in weeks, prognosis is not always favorable because of fatal hepatic fibrosis. In this study, blood thrombopoietin (TPO) levels were measured by ELISA in six TMD patients and the expression of c-Mpl, a ligand for TPO, was examined on the blast cells from four patients by flow cytometer. At the onset, TPO level was undetectable in one patient and significantly lower in five patients than six neonatal controls (mean 0.52 fmol/ml, range 0.30–0.93 vs. 3.70, 1.38–8.33, P < 0.001), although platelet counts were similar (mean 321 × 109/l, range 42–1,040 vs. 253 × 109/l, 124–381). Two patients died of hepatic failure. TPO levels were measured in five patients after regression of the blast cells. With regression of blast cells, TPO levels were remarkably increased in four survived patients. In one patient with hepatic failure, TPO level was poorly elevated and relatively lower compared to the others. TPO levels were inversely correlated with blast numbers (r = −0.85, P < 0.001), but not with platelet counts (r = 0.426). Blast cells from four patients were all positive for c-Mpl. Our findings suggest that megakaryocyte mass is a major regulator of TPO levels and hepatic failure may affect the TPO level because liver is a major source of TPO production. Am. J. Hematol. 58:267–272, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Atlas of Intraocular Tumors
Authors: Elise Torczynski
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<i>Atlas of Intraocular Tumors</i>is a visual delight. As much or more than in any other field of medicine, ophthalmologists make abundant use of photographs to illustrate articles, books, and talks. As a result, the specialty of ophthalmic photography has developed. The photographer needs to be highly skilled in the necessary photographic techniques and about as skilled in the techniques of ophthalmic examination as the ophthalmologist. It is a joint venture of physician, photographer, and patient to obtain high-quality photographs of the eye in situ. This atlas excels in presenting beautiful clinical photographs of many ophthalmic tumors. For the nonophthalmologist, the text is a relatively quick and easy reference for ophthalmic tumors. The old Chinese proverb of "one picture is worth a thousand words" could apply. The book is divided into chapters labeled simply by the anatomic location, eg, iris. Introducing the chapters are enlargements in a pale pink-yellow hue
Nitric Oxide-Mediated Flow-Dependent Dilation Is Impaired in Coronary Arteries in Patients With Coronary Spastic Angina
Authors: Kiyotaka Kugiyama, Masamichi Ohgushi, Takeshi Motoyama, Seigo Sugiyama, Hisao Ogawa, Michihiro Yoshimura, Yoshito Inobe, Osamu Hirashima, Hiroaki Kawano, Hirofumi Soejima, Hirofumi Yasue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Peter John Fenton
Authors: D. L. Boase
Journal: BMJ (2012)

After qualifying Peter John Fenton (PF, as he was known to his colleagues) was appointed house surgeon to the eye department, and this early exposure convinced him that ophthalmology was to be his career. Further training at St Thomas’ and Moorfields Eye Hospital culminated in his appointment to the eye department in Portsmouth. A dextrous surgeon and shrewd clinician, PF practised medicine to a …
Enhanced susceptibility to biomechanical stress in ACE2 null mice is prevented by loss of the p47phox NADPH oxidase subunit
Authors: Sreedhar Bodiga, Jiu Chang Zhong, Wang Wang, Ratnadeep Basu, Jennifer Lo, George C. Liu, Danny Guo, Steven M. Holland, James W. Scholey, Josef M. Penninger, Zamaneh Kassiri, Gavin Y. Oudit
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an important negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. Loss of ACE2 enhances the susceptibility to heart disease but the mechanism remains elusive. We hypothesized that ACE2 deficiency activates the NADPH oxidase system in pressure overload-induced heart failure.Using the aortic constriction model, we subjected wild-type (Ace2(+/y)), ACE2 knockout (ACE2KO, Ace2(-/y)), p47(phox) knockout (p47(phox)KO, p47(phox-)(/-)), and ACE2/p47(phox) double KO mice to pressure overload. We examined changes in peptide levels, NADPH oxidase activity, gene expression, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) activity, pathological signalling, and heart function. Loss of ACE2 resulted in enhanced susceptibility to biomechanical stress leading to eccentric remodelling, increased pathological hypertrophy, and worsening of systolic performance. Myocardial angiotensin II (Ang II) levels were increased, whereas Ang 1-7 levels were lowered. Activation of Ang II-stimulated signalling pathways in the ACE2-deficient myocardium was associated with increased expression and phosphorylation of p47(phox), NADPH oxidase activity, and superoxide generation, leading to enhanced MMP-mediated degradation of the extracellular matrix. Additional loss of p47(phox) in the ACE2KO mice normalized the increased NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide production, and systolic dysfunction following pressure overload. Ang 1-7 supplementation suppressed the increased NADPH oxidase and rescued the early dilated cardiomyopathy in pressure-overloaded ACE2KO mice.In the absence of ACE2, biomechanical stress triggers activation of the myocardial NAPDH oxidase system with a critical role of the p47(phox) subunit. Increased production of superoxide, activation of MMP, and pathological signalling leads to severe adverse myocardial remodelling and dysfunction in ACE2KO mice.
Interpreting hospital death rates
Authors: D. Moir
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—N W Harry raises several issues related to the indicators of clinical outcome published by the Clinical Resources Advisory Group.1 As he rightly points out, the intention was to promote discussion about variations, and if the information has been used in league tables that is contrary to the specific advice repeatedly given in the report and in related briefing. Copies of the report and briefing for handling inquiries were sent one week before …
The Management of Bronchial Asthma
Authors: H. Bernard Tillman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE problem of chronic asthma can be trying to the patient and his family as well as to the physician. All too often, there is an atmosphere of discouragement and despondency on the part of the person who has gone from one physician to another, received all kinds of drugs designed to give symptomatic relief, only to find that each new preparation may work for a time, and then fails to relieve his symptoms. To add to the gloomy picture, he is often told by the physician, who means to be honest with his patient, that he has an incurable . . .