tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What do the adolescents think about smoking and ban strategies in Turkey
Authors: Baki Umut Tugay, Burcu Ilhan, Tuba Çatak, Tugba Kabakçi, Hatice Koç, Nazan Tugay
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Preventing youth from initiating tobacco use is a key aspect of all tobacco prevention efforts. Most smokers become tobacco dependent before age 18 years. The purpose of the present study was to investigate thoughts of high school children about smoking behaviours and antismoking policies in Turkey. 731 students volunteered (336 male, 395 female, mean age 16,20±1,15) to participate in the study from 7 different high schools. After taking written consent from their parents all the students filled the 16 item questionnaire developed by the researchers. 72.7 % of the students thought that their teachers were not good models for not smoking. 10.9 % believed that smoking is a sign of growing up and 45,7 % the students believed that they can quit whenever they wanted if smoked. 85 % of the students totally or partially agreed with the prohibition of cigarette advertising and 95.4 % of the students agreed with the prohibition of smoking in public places but 42.8 % of the students believed that smoking on the streets is not a stimulating behavior. 30.6 % did not think that increasing the cigarette prices would not have positive effect on decreasing smoking rates. 10 % and 12 % of the students thought that water pipe and light cigarettes are less harmful than the normal cigarettes respectively. A clear opportunity for intervening with youth lies in the school setting, and so besides the ban policies, comprehensive tobacco control and education programs including the parents should be initiated.
Solving the Geriatric Mental Health Crisis in the 21st Century
Authors: Eric J. Lenze
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Other Neoplastic Conditions
Authors: S. D. Kottaridis, M. Dafnou, S. Besbeas, J. Garas
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Sera from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) or other malignant diseases and from apparently healthy controls were examined for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies. A difference existed in the percentage of positive sera among the groups studied. High-titer antibody levels were observed in the NPC group, but no statistical difference was found among other groups of patients and controls. The data reaffirmed the association of EBV with NPC but did not support its etiologic role in the development of other human neoplasms.
Clinical efficacy of budesonide Turbuhaler® compared with that of beclomethasone dipropionate pMDI with volumatic spacer
Authors: O. Selroos, R. Backman, K.‐O. Forsén, A.‐B. Löfroos, M. Niemistö, A. Pietinalho, H. Riska
Journal: Allergy (1994)

A total of 102 patients had their asthma treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) optimized in order to achieve the best possible control of symptoms. Thereafter, the BDP doses were gradually reduced over a 2‐year period (1988–90) to the lowest possible without deterioration of their asthmatic condition. In the beginning of 1990, treatment was changed in 76 patients (group A) to the nearest possible dose of budesonide delivered via Turbuhaler® Twenty‐six randomly selected patients (25% of the study population; group B) continued treatment with BDP. In both groups, dose reductions were tried during 1990–2 every third month as long as the patients remained symptom‐free and without significant decreases in FEV 1 or PEF. In group A, the maintenance dose could be reduced from 1003.9 ± 325.4 μg BDP (mean ± SD) to 602.9 ± 454.4 μg budesonide Turbuhaler ( P &lt;0.001). In group B, no significant dose reduction was possible; the mean dose was ± SD 1067.3 ± 36.6 μg in 1990, and 1019.2 ± 324.7 μg in 1992. The results indicate that, in efficacy, 0.6 mg budesonide Turbuhaler corresponds to approximately 1.0 mg BDP with volumatic spacer. This difference is probably due to an improved pulmonary delivery of budesonide with Turbuhaler.
Factors associated with asthma control in patients with stable asthma
Authors: Eirini Grammatopoulou, Aikaterini Haniotou, Afroditi Evangelodimou, Nikolaos Tsamis, Pavlos Myrianthefs, George Baltopoulos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Despite the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines for asthma management, the prevalence of uncontrolled asthma in Greece remains high and factors associated with asthma control unknown.   Aim:  To predict associated factors with asthma control in stable asthma   Methods:  100 Greek patients with stable asthma were included in the study and classified as having controlled (≥20) or uncontrolled (≤ 19) asthma by the Asthma Control Test-ACT cut-off points. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify possible predictors of asthma control. All analyses were conducted with SAS statistical software, version 9.1.   Results:  Among study participants, those who had follow-up visits solely in emergency were at excess risk of having uncontrolled asthma (OR=3.79; 95% CI=1.21-11.91; p=0.02). Patients with higher levels of MRC were more likely to have their asthma uncontrolled (OR=3.47; 95% CI=1.31–9.17; p=0.01). A statistically significant inverse association between FEV1 and asthma control was observed (p=0.005), indicating that 10 units increase in FEV1 seems to decrease the likelihood of not controlled asthma by almost 50%. Lastly, no evidence of significant associations with asthma control and physical activity (p=0.47), age (p=0.53), gender (p=0.25), BMI (p=0.60), was noted.   Discussion:  Greek patients with stable asthma should have regular follow-up visits in order to improve dyspnea and pulmonary function and achieve adequate control and management of asthma.
Changes in skin prick test (SPT) from the age of 1 to 6 years (yrs) and relationship to specific IgE and atopic dermatitis: The French arm of PASTURE European study
Authors: Amandine Chauveau, Marie Laure Dalphin, Vincent Kaulek, Stéphanie Drillon, Anne Leydier, Caroline Roduit, Erika von Mutius, Dominique Angèle Vuitton, Jean Charles Dalphin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The PASTURE study (Protection against Allergy: STUdy of Rural Environment) examines the influence of exposure to a dairy-farm environment on the occurrence of allergy in a cohort of European children from the 3rd trimester of pregnancy to 10-yrs.

The aim of this study was to analyze the course of SPTs to aero- and food allergens from the age of 1 to 6 yrs in the french children of PASTURE, whether they live or not on a farm and to evaluate their relationship to specific IgE and atopic dermatitis (AD).

Two hundred and four french children, which 95 of the farmer group, were included. SPTs, AD assessment and specific IgE assays were performed at 1, 4.5 and 6 yrs.

One hundred and forty children participated in all three visits. The prevalence of positive SPTs increased with age (9.5% at 1 yr, 14.2% at 4.5 yrs, 22.6% a 6 yrs). It was lower in the farmer group, regardless of age and category of allergens considered (statistically significant only for seasonal allergens at 4.5 yrs). Positive SPTs were transient at 1 yr whereas they were persistent between 4.5 and 6 yrs. The prevalence of AD was not significantly different in the two groups and decreased with age. Positive SPTs at 1 yr were predictive of the occurrence of AD during the follow-up. The correlation between SPTs and specific IgE was poor for an IgE cut-off at 0.35UI/mL but increased with age and with higher cut-off.

In conclusion, our study showed that skin reactivity (1) increased with age, (2) was lower in the farmer group, (3) at 1 yr was transient but predictive of the occurrence of AD. Correlation between SPTs and specific IgE was poor, especially at one yr.
Reduces inflammatory parameters in airways of diabetic-antigen sensitized guinea pigs
Authors: Saeed Kolahian, Farzad Asadi, Seyed Mahdi Nassiri
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

It is well established that there is a negative association between asthma and type I diabetes and relative lack of insulin in an organism results in an overall reduction in inflammatory reactions. This study was planned to determine the inflammatory events in antigen sensitized diabetic guinea pigs. Twenty-five male guinea pigs were categorized into five groups of five each as follows: diabetic, antigen sensitized, diabetic-antigen sensitized, insulin-treated diabetic-antigen sensitized and control animals. Induction of experimental diabetes and antigen sensitization were performed by injection of streptozotocin and ovalbumine, respectively. Animals were killed by exsanguination and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed. BAL fluid cellular and protein contents were determined. Airway responsiveness to acetylcholine was assessed. Histopathological examinations were performed on the lungs. Decreases in the airway reactivity in diabetic-antigen sensitized animals were found compared to antigen sensitized animals. Experimental diabetes decreased antigen-induced protein leakage into the airspace as well as the accumulation of inflammatory cells in BAL fluid of antigen sensitized animals. Histopathological results showed that coinduction of experimental diabetes significantly reduced the number of eosinophils in the lungs of antigen sensitized animals. Treatment with insulin completely reversed all mentioned results in the antigen sensitized diabetic animals. Experimental diabetes causes were found to decrease the airway reactivity and inflammatory responsiveness induced by antigen sensitization due to a reduction in the insulin levels.
Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to Transplanted Tumors in Mice Chronically Exposed to Cigarette Smoke 2
Authors: Jane Chalmer, P. G. Holt, D. Keast
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

C57BL and BALB/c mice were exposed to fresh cigarette smoke for 7-8 minutes per day for varying periods up to 30 weeks before subcutaneous or intratracheal inoculation of viable tumor cells. The growth rates of subcutaneous tumors in the mice exposed to smoke were significantly higher than those of controls and more lung metastases were noted. Enhanced tumor growth rates in the respiratory tracts of smoke-exposed mice were evidenced by the markedly increased death rates in these animals after the intratracheal inoculation of tumor cells. Increased tumor growth rates in mice that inhaled smoke were assoicated with depressed tumor-specific cytotoxic responses in both spleens and regional lymph nodes. Short-term exposure (10 wk) of mice to cigarette smoke resulted in decreased tumor growth rates concomitant with enhanced cytotoxic responses.
Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations When Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Coincides With Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Lauren Nye, Timothy K. Huyck, William J. Gradishar
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy associated with pregnancy and is a rare but well-recognized complication. It is hypothesized that as more women continue to delay childbearing, the incidence of breast cancer in pregnancy will increase. Because of the lack of clinical experience with breast cancer in the setting of pregnancy, given its relative infrequency, many patients and physicians believe the diagnosis puts the life of the mother at odds with that of the fetus, but available data suggest that termination of the pregnancy does not improve the outcome for pregnant women with breast cancer. Often diagnosis is delayed because neither patient nor physician suspects malignancy. This report presents a recent case of a young primigravid woman with a newly appreciated breast mass seen at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine as a means of discussing diagnostic considerations, therapeutic options, and supportive care available to the practitioner when managing a pregnant patient with breast cancer.
Historical Views, Conventional Approaches, and Evolving Management Strategies for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Brady L. Stein, Jason Gotlib, Murat Arcasoy, Marie Huong Nguyen, Neil Shah, Alison Moliterno, Catriona Jamieson, Daniel A. Pollyea, Bart Scott, Martha Wadleigh, Ross Levine, Rami Komrokji, Rebecca Klisovic, Krishna Gundabolu, Patricia Kropf, Meir Wetzler, Stephen T. Oh, Raul Ribeiro, Rita Paschal, Sanjay Mohan, Nikolai Podoltsev, Josef Prchal, Moshe Talpaz, David Snyder, Srdan Verstovsek, Ruben A. Mesa
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

The classical Philadelphia chromosome–negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), which include essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis (MF), are in a new era of molecular diagnosis, ushered in by the identification of the JAK2V617F and cMPL mutations in 2005 and 2006, respectively, and the CALR mutations in 2013. Coupled with increased knowledge of disease pathogenesis and refined diagnostic criteria and prognostic scoring systems, a more nuanced appreciation has emerged of the burden of MPN in the United States, including the prevalence, symptom burden, and impact on quality of life. Biological advances in MPN have translated into the rapid development of novel therapeutics, culminating in the approval of the first treatment for MF, the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. However, certain practical aspects of care, such as those regarding diagnosis, prevention of vascular events, choice of cytoreductive agent, and planning for therapies, present challenges for hematologists/oncologists, and are discussed in this article.
A targeted real-time early warning score (TREWScore) for septic shock
Authors: Katharine E. Henry, David N. Hager, Peter J. Pronovost, Suchi Saria
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Sepsis is a leading cause of death in the United States, with mortality highest among patients who develop septic shock. Early aggressive treatment decreases morbidity and mortality. Although automated screening tools can detect patients currently experiencing severe sepsis and septic shock, none predict those at greatest risk of developing shock. We analyzed routinely available physiological and laboratory data from intensive care unit patients and developed "TREWScore," a targeted real-time early warning score that predicts which patients will develop septic shock. TREWScore identified patients before the onset of septic shock with an area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve (AUC) of 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81 to 0.85]. At a specificity of 0.67, TREWScore achieved a sensitivity of 0.85 and identified patients a median of 28.2 [interquartile range (IQR), 10.6 to 94.2] hours before onset. Of those identified, two-thirds were identified before any sepsis-related organ dysfunction. In comparison, the Modified Early Warning Score, which has been used clinically for septic shock prediction, achieved a lower AUC of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.76). A routine screening protocol based on the presence of two of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, suspicion of infection, and either hypotension or hyperlactatemia achieved a lower sensitivity of 0.74 at a comparable specificity of 0.64. Continuous sampling of data from the electronic health records and calculation of TREWScore may allow clinicians to identify patients at risk for septic shock and provide earlier interventions that would prevent or mitigate the associated morbidity and mortality.
Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome with agents interfering with inhibitory cytokines
Authors: P Greenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Results of these trials provide evidence for biological activity and some clinical efficacy of agents potentially blocking inhibitory cytokines in patients with MDS. However, given the limited responses, it appears that factors additional to TNFalpha inhibitory activity contribute to the development of cytopenias in these patients. Further studies are warranted using anti-TNFalpha/anti-inhibitory cytokine approaches, either alone or in combination with other agents, capable of abrogating the effects of additional inhibitory mechanisms in MDS.
Prenatal Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol: Ovarian-Independent Growth of Mammary Tumors Induced 7,12-Dimethylbenz[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]anthracene&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Elizabeth S. Boylan, Robert E. Calhoon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article Prenatal Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol: Ovarian-Independent Growth of Mammary Tumors Induced 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Get access Elizabeth S. Boylan, Elizabeth S. Boylan 4Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, N.Y. 11367. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert E. Calhoon Robert E. Calhoon 4Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, N.Y. 11367. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 66, Issue 4, April 1981, Pages 649–652, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/66.4.649 Published: 01 April 1981 Article history Received: 17 December 1979 Revision received: 14 October 1980 Accepted: 03 November 1980 Published: 01 April 1981
Abstract 1854: P16 immunoreactivity in endocervical tubo-endometrial metaplasia (TEM) and correlation with high risk HPV (HRHPV) status by chromogenic in-situ hybridization (HPV-CISH) and hybrid capture 2 assay
Authors: Shobhana Talukdar, Gomez-Gelvez Juan, Thomas E Buekers, Ziying Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background Several studies have shown that endocervical TEM can intensively over express p16 and involve more than 50% of the cells. It could be speculated that TEM may be a precursor lesion of cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasm. The aim of this study is to evaluate endocervical TEM p16 overexpression pattern and further investigate its potential driven mechanisms by correlating with HRHPV status. Method Our search included cervical biopsy, LEEP, conization with TEM diagnosis from January 2005-May 2013. Only cases with concurrent Pap smear with HRHPV testing were selected. HRHPV detected in liquid based cytology is by Hybrid Capture 2 Assay. Surgical specimens containing concurrent squamous dysplasia were excluded due to potential confounding by HRHPV positivity in dysplastic squamous epithelium. P16 stain was performed and graded as negative, focal+ (&amp;lt;50% cytoplasmic and nuclear stain) and diffuse+ (&amp;gt;50% cytoplasmic and nuclear stain). HRHPV data was collected from Pap reports. HPV-CISH assays will be performed for all cased with positive HRHPV detected in liquid based cytology. Result: Our search generated 159 cases with TEM. Only 81 cases had concurrent Pap smear with HRHPV testing. 48 cases were excluded due to squamous dysplasia. A total of 33 patients with an age range of 20-59 were available for the study. Twenty nine out of 33 had negative HRHPV in liquid based cytology; in which, p16 stain results as: 8/29 negative, 14/29 focally +. 7/29 diffusely +. Four out of 33 had positive HRHPV detected in liquid based cytology; in which, p16 stain results as: 1/4 negative, 3/4 diffusely +. HPV-CISH assays were performed in all 4 cases and they were negative. Conclusions P16 overexpression in TEM can be intense and involve more than 50% of the cells but the pattern is heterogenous and positivity never involves 100% of the cells. Neither HPV-CISH nor Hybrid Capture 2 Assay detects HRHPV in TEM. P16 overexpression in TEM is most likely HRHPV-independent mechanisms. . Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Shobhana Talukdar, Gomez-Gelvez Juan, Thomas E Buekers, Ziying Zhang. P16 immunoreactivity in endocervical tubo-endometrial metaplasia (TEM) and correlation with high risk HPV (HRHPV) status by chromogenic in-situ hybridization (HPV-CISH) and hybrid capture 2 assay. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1854. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1854
Efficacy of tiotropium and indacaterol alone or the combination on dynamic lung hyperinflation and exercise tolerance in COPD
Authors: Keisaku Fujimoto, Haruna Yamazaki, Midori Ura, Yoshiaki Kitaguchi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective: The purpose is to make clear the superiority of efficacy among the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), super partial beta-2-agonist (super LABA) and the combination therapy on dynamic lung hyperinflation (DLH).   Patients and Methods  :  24 stable patients with mild to severe COPD were enrolled from our out-patient clinic and divided into the two groups at random following basement measurements after 48-hour washout current long-acting bronchodilator therapy. One group was treated with 5μg of tiotropium (Respimat inhaler) for 4 weeks following the 4 weeks-treatment with 150mg of indacaterol, while the other group was treated with indacaterol for 4 weeks following 4-weeks-treatment with tiotropium, and finally treated with the combination of the two drugs for 4 weeks. Pulmonary function tests including DLH evaluated by the method of metronome-paced incremental hyperventilation (MPIH) and exercise tolerance evaluated by shuttle walking test were examined at the end of the each treatment period.   Results:  Both the treatment with tiotropium and indacaterol alone significantly increased FEV 1  and the shuttle walking distance and improved COPD assessment test (CAT) score. However, tiotropium significantly improved the DLH following MPIH, but the treatment with indacaterol did not. The combination therapy resulted in further improvement of lung function and exercise tolerance.   Conclusions:  The mono-therapy of tiotropium or indacaterol improves airflow obstruction and exercise tolerance as well, and the combination therapy results in further improvement. However, the efficacy of tiotropium for DLH may be superior to indacaterol.