tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Therapy May Aid Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2011)

after birth. The panel members said such screening should capture around two-thirds of all congenital heart disease cases and have a false-positive rate of less than 0.2%. A child whose screening result is positive should quickly undergo an echocardiogram and see a cardiologist for further assessment. But issues do remain. Not all birthing facilities, most of which have pulse oximetry, have direct access to echocardiograms and cardiologists, so arrangements for suitable follow-up evaluation need to be in place. Children born at home should be screened during their first visit to the pediatrician, Kemper said. Another issue to be resolved is setting the proper oxygen saturation cutoff points for communities at high altitudes, where oxygen saturation is naturally lower. Even as federal agencies tweak screening recommendations for the nation, some states are going forward on their own. On August 31, New Jersey began its congenitalheartdisease screeningprogram. Newborns there will be screened using pulse oximetry between 24 and 48 hours after birth, with the cutoff points for a positive screening result slightly more stringent than those suggested for the national program. Tina Tan, MD, acting commissioner of New Jersey’s Department of Health and Senior Services, explained her state’s cutoff points for a positive screening result. “We want to increase the sensitivity, and so we are more conservative [with the cutoff points],” Tan said. “There is always the balance between the false-positives and false-negatives, and it is better to minimize the false-negatives.”
A study of potential Olympic swimmers: I, the starting point.
Authors: K. M. Bagnall, D. W. Kellett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1977)

Physiological and anthropometric profiles of a group of successful young swimmers are presented. Anthropometrically the swimmers appear to fall within fairly narrow limits but are physically more mature than their peers. Physiologically there is greater diversity within the group representing perhaps the varying demands of the swimming events practised. All values for the physiological parameters measured are high compared with children of similar ages. For the future it is hoped to relate performance in swimming to the variables measured and to assess any changes which occur thus perhaps colouring the profiles presented here.
Pitfalls on the road to drug safety
Authors: Carl Schoenberger
Journal: BMJ (2004)

T he recent withdrawal of rofecoxib (Vioxx) from the worldwide market has focused intense public scrutiny on drug safety. Although the US Food and Drug Administration monitors drug safety after product approval, some have raised concerns about whether this system, which relies primarily upon voluntary reporting of adverse drug effects, is adequate to protect the public from unsafe pharmaceuticals.

In his televised appearance before the US Senate finance committee on 18 November, Dr David Graham, associate director in the FDA's Office of Drug Safety, claimed his own agency was “incapable of protecting [the public]” from other dangerous pharmaceuticals ( BMJ 2004;329: 1253). He then listed five drugs that he considered potentially unsafe—the acne drug isotretinoin (Roaccutane), the weight loss drug sibutramine (sold as Reductil in Britain and Meridia in the United States), the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor valdecoxib (Bextra), the lipid lowering drug rosuvastatin (Crestor), and the asthma drug salmeterol (Serevent).

> I am all …
Abstract P5-12-08: Survival differences by stage and race/ethnicity using the Nottingham prognostic index
Authors: C Parise, V Caggiano
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background It is well documented that race/ethic disparities in breast cancer survival exist. The Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), based on tumor size, lymph node status, and histologic grade, is a well established method of predicting survival of operable breast cancer. The purpose of this investigation is to determine if race/ethnic disparities also exist among the NPI categories. Method We identified 157, 865 cases of stages 1-3 first primary female invasive breast cancer from the California Cancer Registry diagnosed between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010. The NPI was computed and cases were stratified as having good (NPI &amp;lt;3.4), moderate (3.4-5.4) and poor (&amp;gt; 5.4) prognosis. Kaplan Meier Survival analysis (95% CIs) was used to compare survival at eight years for patients who were white, black, Hispanic, or Asian/Pacific Islander (API) within each AJCC stage and NPI category. Results The distribution of cases by stage, race/ethnicity and good, moderate, and poor NPI categories is seen in the table. Distribution of cases by stage, race/ethnicity and NPI categories WhiteBlackHispanicAPITotalStage 1 Good15,8287442,4432,16921,184Moderate28,9841,8025,1954,20040,181Poor9,7701,0152,4351,85515,075Stage 2 Good237234842350Moderate4,0872567315155,589Poor37,1094,00710,8937,18659,195Stage 3 Good803112Moderate56216983Poor9,4511,2793,7021,76416,196Total 157,865 Stage 1: There were no significant differences in survival within the good category. In the moderate category, APIs (95.5; 94.5, 96.6) had better survival than whites (93.6; 93.2, 94.0) whereas blacks (90.1; 87.8; 92.3) had worse survival. In the poor NPI category, APIs (92.6; 90.8, 94.4) also had better survival than whites (88.7; 87.8, 89.6). Stage 2: In the moderate NPI category, blacks (92.8; 89.0, 96.7) had worse survival than whites (94.0; 93.0, 95.1) and in the poor category, blacks (73.8; 71.9, 75.8) and Hispanics (80.7; 79.5, 81.8) both had worse survival than whites (81.8; 81.2, 82.3) while APIs had better survival (84.6; 83.3, 85.8). Stage 3: There were too few patients in the good and moderate NPI categories. In the poor category, blacks (47.8, 43.4, 52.1) had worse survival than whites (60.1; 58.4, 61.8) while APIs (64.2; 60.2, 68.2) had better survival. Conclusion The NPI provides further refinement of the disparities in survival among race/ethnicity. It appears that APIs have better survival than whites in all stages of disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-12-08.
Value of Genetic Variants of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Tracing the Origin of Malignant Tumors
Authors: Ernest Beutler, Zeola Collins, Lowell E. Irwin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

A CANCER is generally viewed as the uncontrolled proliferation of a single cell type within the body. Presumably, one or more tissue cells undergo a transformation that permits them to escape from normal control mechanisms. Little information is available, however, regarding the question of whether this change affects a single cell, which proliferates and represents the sole progenitor of the cancer, or whether the alteration affects numerous tissue cells. If the cancer is due to an unfortunate somatic mutation occurring more or less at random, it seems likely that a single cell would be the forerunner of the tumor. If, . . .
Conversion of Cardiovascular Conference Abstracts to Publications
Authors: Emil L. Fosbøl, Philip L. Fosbøl, Robert A. Harrington, Zubin J. Eapen, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— The transition of scientific knowledge from discovery into practice is less than ideal. A key step in this translation occurs when presentations from major meetings are published in peer-reviewed literature, yet the completeness and speed of this process are not known. We performed a systematic and automated evaluation of rates, timing, and correlates of publication from scientific abstracts presented at 3 major cardiovascular conferences. Methods and Results— Using an automated computer algorithm, we searched the ISI Web of Science to identify peer-reviewed publications of abstracts presented at the American Heart Association (AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC), and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) scientific sessions from 2006 to 2008. We compared abstract publication rates and journal impact factor between the 3 meetings using multivariable logistic regression modeling. From 2006 to 2008, 11 365, 5005, and 10 838 abstracts were presented at the AHA, ACC, and ESC meetings, respectively. Overall, 30.6% of presented abstracts were published within 2 years of the conference; ranging from 34.5% for AHA to 29.5% for ACC to 27.0% for ESC ( P &lt;0.0001). Five years after conference presentation in 2005, these rates had risen slightly to 49.7% for AHA, 42.6% for ACC, and 37.6% for ESC ( P &lt;0.0001). After adjustment for abstract characteristics and contributing countries, abstracts presented at the AHA meeting remained more likely for publication relative to the ESC (adjusted odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.34) and the ACC (adjusted odds ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.29). Median impact factors for subsequent publications varied from 4.8 (interquartile range, 3.8–10.1) for AHA to 4.0 (interquartile range, 3.1–7.5) for ACC and 3.9 (quartile 1–3, 2.5–5.8) for ESC ( P for difference between groups &lt;0.01). Clinical science and population science were less likely to be published compared with basic science. Conclusions— One third of abstracts were translated into publications by 2 years after presentation and less than one half by 5 years after presentation. Our findings suggest that efforts to understand the barriers to publication and to facilitate the rapid dissemination of new knowledge are needed to speed up the transition of scientific discovery into clinical practice.
Reversibility of pulmonary arterial hypertension in HIV/HHV8-associated Castleman's disease
Authors: D. Montani, L. Achouh, A. G. Marcelin, J-P. Viard, O. Hermine, D. Canioni, O. Sitbon, G. Simonneau, M. Humbert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

The present study describes a case of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with multicentric Castleman's disease in a patient infected with HIV type 1 and human herpes virus 8. Therapy included highly active antiretroviral therapy, warfarin, diuretics, continuous i.v. epoprostenol and 12-monthly pulses of cyclophosphamide. The patient's condition improved dramatically with complete reversibility of PAH, allowing weaning of continuous i.v. epoprostenol therapy. After 5 yrs, both Castleman's disease and PAH have not relapsed. This supports the hypothesis that control of inflammation and retroviral replication may be of interest in the context of PAH, complicating the course of an inflammatory condition associated with viral infection. In conclusion, further studies should help in characterising the best candidates for anti-inflammatory treatment in the setting of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Divergent action potential morphologies reveal nonequilibrium properties of human cardiac Na channels
Authors: J MAGYAR, C KIPER, R DUMAINE, D BURGESS, T BANYASZ, J SATIN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Fast inward Na current (I(Na)) carried by the voltage-gated Na channel (Na(V)1.5) is critical for action potential (AP) propagation and the rapid upstroke of the cardiac AP. In addition, a small fraction of Na(V)1.5 channels remains open throughout the plateau of the AP, and this current is termed as late I(Na). In patients with mutant Na(V)1.5-based congenital long Q-T (LQT) syndrome, mutant channels pass more late I(Na) compared to wild-type channels in unaffected patients. Although LQT mutant Na(V)1.5 channels are well studied, there is no careful evaluation of the effects of cardiac APs on early and late current. This is important with the recent documentation of nonequilibrium I(Na).We measured AP-stimulated I(Na) through Na(V)1.5 wild-type and two LQT mutant channels (DeltaKPQ and N1325S). Three distinct AP morphologies were used: human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac myocyte (hES-CM) APs with a relatively slow upstroke and canine endocardial and epicardial ventricular myocytes with rapid upstrokes.All three APs elicited both early and late I(Na). For wild-type Na(V)1.5, the hES-CM AP elicits more early and late I(Na) than either the endocardial or epicardial AP. The mechanism for this difference is that the hES-CM has a relative slow dV/dt(max) that causes a maximal open channel probability. Slower upstroke stimulation also allows greater Na flux through wild-type and N1325S channels, but not the DeltaKPQ mutant.The inherent gating properties of Na(V)1.5 provide natural tuning of optimal I(Na) density. Slower upstroke velocities can yield more I(Na) and Na flux in some Na(V)1.5 variants.
Areca nut use: an independent risk factor for oral cancer
Authors: Saman Warnakulasuriya, Chetan Trivedy, Timothy J Peters
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>What’s it all about?</h3> BrumYODO is a collaborative of citizens from across the arts, health, death industry and much more. Above all we are citizens of Birmingham who create opportunities to bring conversations about death and dying out into public spaces. <h3>Our evolution</h3> We began from a small conversation in a pub (all the best conversations are) about a Death Café three years ago. This year we ran a festival – ‘A Matter of Life and Death’- in Dying Matters Week. It was a vibrant, multi-focused event in the heart of Birmingham, composed of creative arts, films, photography, theatre and talks tackling difficult topics. We are all volunteers and this year received funding from the Arts Council. Evaluation is still in process but footfall, engagement and attendance were extraordinary. Many conversations were had about life, death, hope and creativity. <h3>So how is this leadership?</h3> Free from the boundaries of organisations and systems our little team are free to create. It has brought together new networks, connecting those who worked in parallel. It has freed the creative aspects of ourselves and in doing so stretched ‘What is possible’. It has generated something which feels owned by Birmingham and its citizens. <h3>So what now?</h3> We believe we have a social commitment. The need for meaningful conversation and action for end of life care is real and now. We wish to create bigger networks of communities who return the focus of end of life care back to people.
Acarbose for Patients With Hypertension and Impaired Glucose ToleranceAcarbose for Patients With Hypertension and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Julian H Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Yes, Time Magazine, There Is an Ombudsman Committee
Authors: Ralph Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Last year<i>Time</i>magazine ran a cover story bemoaning the sorry state of the medical profession (<b>93:</b>53-58, 1969). Among the rehashed complaints was the one about "there is no Ombudsman committee to help the patient in dealing with the profession." The Oregon Medical Association does have an Ombudsman committee, and it appeared that<i>Time</i>magazine had simply missed this bit of action in the far West. However, after writing<i>Time</i>, belatedly, a<i>Time</i>staff member replied, "You will be interested to know that we were aware of the programs being carried out by the Oregon Medical Association and had included mention of them in the first draft of our story—unfortunately, the reference had to be deleted later on because of space problems." Once again, truth suffered on the rack of some man's necessity. <h3>A Suggestion</h3> The purpose here is not to beat a dead horse, sometimes referred to as
P3-07-16: The Efficacy of Arm Node Preserving Surgery Using Axillary Reverse Mapping for Preventing Lymphedema in Patients with Breast Cancer.
Authors: YJ Seo, MJ Hwang, JH Lee, GT Son, JE Choi, YK Bae, SH Kang, SJ Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Lymphedema affects over 20% of breast cancer patients undergoing axillary dissection. Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) technique to identify and preserve arm node during sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was developed to prevent lymphedema. The purpose of this study was to investigate the location and the metastatic rate of the arm node, and finally to evaluate the short term incidence of lymphedema after arm node preserving surgery. Patients and Methods From January 2009 to October 2010, 97 breast cancer patients who underwent ARM were enrolled. 2.5ml blue dye was injected in ipsilateral upper inner arm. After at least 20 minutes after injection, SLNB or ALND was performed in the usual manner and blue stained arm nodes and/or lymphatics were identified. We checked arm circumference at baseline and average of 8.8 months after operation in ALND cases and 13.7 months in SLNB cases. Patients were divided into two groups, arm node preserved group (70 patients in ALND, 10 patients in SLNB) and unpreserved group (13 patients in ALND, 4 patients in SLNB). The difference of arm circumference between preoperative and postoperative was checked in these groups. Results: The mean number of identified blue stained arm nodes was 1.4±0.6. The arm nodes were found in the inferolateral side of axillary and thoracodorsal vessels in 57 patients (58.76%), the inferomedial side in 37 patients (38.14%), the superolateral side in 2 patients (2.06%), and the superomedial side in 1 patient (1.04%). In the majority of patients (92%), arm nodes were located between the lower level of the axillary vein and just below the second intercostal brachial nerve. In arm node unpreserved group, 2 patients had metastasis in their arm node. The one had a common pathway between the arm node and the sentinel lymph node. Another did not have a common pathway, but had extranodal extension with N3 metastasis. Among ALND patients, in arm node preserved group, the difference of arm circumference between preoperative and postoperative in ipsilateral and contralateral arm was 0.27cm and 0.07cm, respectively, whereas 0.47cm and −0.03cm in unpreserved group, and one lymphedema was found after 6 months. No difference was found between arm node preserved and unpreserved group amoung SLNB patients (0.21cm and 0.39cm in in preserved group, 0.2cm and 0.02cm in unpreserved group). Conclusion: Arm node preserving was possible in all breast cancer patients with identifiable arm node, during ALND or SLNB, except for those with high surgical N stage, and lymphedema did not developed in patient with arm node preserving surgery. Metastasis was not found in arm node preserving group in current results, but need to be observed in the ongoing progress. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-16.
Thyroid Steal Syndrome?
Authors: ALLAN PON, LEE HOWARD HOWARD FISHER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

A 57-year-old woman with hyperthyroidism had a loud to-and-fro bruit which persisted when the patient was inadvertently rendered hypothyroid with antithyroid drugs. Symptoms suggestive of transient cerebral ischemia prompted an angiographic study which demonstrated both normal cerebral circulation and an enormous increase in the size of thyroid vasculature. The possibility that the enhanced blood supply to the thyroid had compromised cerebral circulation (thyroid steal syndrome) was considered. The angiographic presentation of hyperthyroidism is reviewed, and the lack of specificity of thyroid bruits as a marker of hyperthyroidism in patients on antithyroid drugs is stressed.
A highly efficient short hairpin RNA potently down-regulates CCR5 expression in systemic lymphoid organs in the hu-BLT mouse model
Authors: Saki Shimizu, Patrick Hong, Balamurugan Arumugam, Lauren Pokomo, Joshua Boyer, Naoya Koizumi, Panyamol Kittipongdaja, Angela Chen, Greg Bristol, Zoran Galic, Jerome A. Zack, Otto Yang, Irvin S. Y. Chen, Benhur Lee, Dong Sung An
Journal: Blood (2009)
Bone disease after gastrectomy.
Authors: W M Jordan
Journal: BMJ (1972)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Significant progress has been made in ultra-high field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 7 Tesla (T). While fMRI at 7 T promises a general increase in sensitivity compared to lower field strengths, the benefits may be most pronounced for specific applications. The current study aimed to evaluate the relative benefit of 7 T over 3 T fMRI for the assessment of task-evoked fMRI responses in different brain regions. We compared the amplitude of task-evoked responses between 3 T and 7 T measured from the same human participants. Participants performed a challenging random dot motion discrimination task with delayed monetary feedback, which animal physiology has linked to several cortical and subcortical structures including extrastriate (dorsal) visual cortical areas, the striatum, and the brainstem including dopaminergic midbrain nuclei. We quantified the evoked fMRI responses in each of these brain regions during the decision interval and the post-feedback interval of the task, and compared them between brain regions and field strengths. The dependence of response amplitudes on field strength during the decision interval differed between cortical, striatal, and brainstem regions, with a generally bigger 7 T vs. 3 T benefit in subcortical (in particular brainstem) structures. We also found stronger differential responses during easy than hard decisions at 7 T for the dopaminergic nuclei, possibly reflecting reward expectation. Our results demonstrate the potential of 7 T fMRI for illuminating the contribution of small brainstem nuclei to the orchestration of cognitive computations in the human brain. <h3>Highlights</h3> We compared 7 T to 3 T fMRI during perceptual decision-making under uncertainty. Differences between 7 T and 3 T evoked responses and tSNR varied across the brain. Evoked responses in dopaminergic brainstem nuclei were bigger at 7 T than 3 T. The responses of dopaminergic nuclei are consistent with reward expectation. Results highlight the potential of 7 T fMRI for imaging small brainstem nuclei.