tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dramatic Episodes in the History of Medicine.
Authors: Paul Dudley White
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Dramatic Episodes in the History of Medicine.Paul Dudley White, M.D., M.A.C.P.Paul Dudley White, M.D., M.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1191_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is sad to contemplate the neglect of medical history in medical education today. The excuse is that there is so much information to be crammed into the recording tapes of the brain that there is no time for an account of the accomplishments of the past on which we have built. Like the study of human evolution and embryology which are accepted in the curricula of college and medical school, so the study of the history of medical science should find a place in the curriculum of every medical school.The study of the history of medicine has several... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1191-1192KeywordsBrainEmbryologyHistory of medicineMedical education Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
TRIFLUOPERAZINE : A REPORT OF A CLINICAL TRIAL IN BACK WARD PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: JOHN A. GUIDO, GEORGE Y. ABE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

The double blind method would not have been useful in this study because of the frequency of extra-pyramidal side reactions, and the 10-22 year period of hospitalization of the patients with various therapy regimens. Therefore, the patients served as their own controls. It was found that the largest number of patients improved over approximately 6 weeks, and steady improvement was noticeable in the remainder of the patients when the drug was continued. This drug is useful in chronic psychotic patients. There were no noticeable urinary or hematological side effects, or variations in blood pressure. As compared to the other, tranquilizers, trifluoperazine exerted a more appropriate and definitive controlling effect on aberrant behavior. As reported elsewhere, it was found to be noticeably more beneficial in the chronic back ward patients than other phenothiazines and serpentina derivatives; it permitted the utilization of other therapeutic techniques and rehabilitation and re-socialization regimens(1, 2, 3). The Rauwolfias and phenothiazines, alone or in combinations, frequently produced indifference as contrasted to the freely outgoing and attentive behavior produced by trifluoperazine. The seclusion hours were appreciably reduced. The least amount of beneficial effect was in the lobotomized patient. Patients were noticeably motivated toward ward and ancillary therapies. The improvement in all cases described is purely symptomatic. Most of the patients who were actively hallucinated continued to experience these phenomena, although apparently seemed less motivated to act upon them(4). The drug is found to be worthwhile, and further study is warranted to avoid drawing definite and final conclusions from this simple clinical trial.
Genomic sequence based scanning for drug resistance-associated mutations and evolutionary analysis of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Cui Hua Liu, Hong Min Li, Na Lu, Qi Wang, Yong Liang Hu, Xi Yang, Yong Fei Hu, Patrick C.Y. Woo, George F. Gao, Baoli Zhu
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Profession of Conscience: The Making and Meaning of Life-Sciences Liberalism
Authors: P. D Toon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Robert Hunt Sprinkle Princeton University Press, pounds sterling21.50, pp 257 ISBN 0 691 03365 X

The notion that science is value free is false and dangerous. This mistake laid well meaning physicists open to the abuse of their discoveries for creating weapons of mass destruction. To resist such pressures scientific activities need a “profession-specific political ethic,” which for the biological sciences including medicine is “life-sciences liberalism.” This briefly is the thesis of Profession of Conscience.

Although Sprinkle does not adopt a virtue ethics approach, the argument is strongly reminiscent of the views of …
Obesity in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: W. E. Snell
Journal: BMJ (1936)

intravenous injection of sodium evipan, but both were abandoned as being too risky, especially in a case of this sort when the spasms were so frequent and -severe so we relied on our old friends and won through.Our thanks are due to the other members of the staff who rendered valuable assistance and are in great measure responsible for the successful result.
Histiocytes in Sweet's syndrome
Authors: J. DELABIE, C. WOLF-PEETERS, M. MORREN, K. MARIEN, T. ROSKAMS, V. DESMET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The histological features of biopsies from 18 previously unreported cases of Sweet's syndrome are reported. The dermal infiltrate in the majority of the cases contained numerous histiocytes that at first sight appeared to mimic neutrophils. The immunophenotype of these histiocytes was consistent with monosytes that have freshly infiltrated into the lesions. Only two of the cases in this series, associated with leukaemia, displayed the histological features of Sweet's syndrome with a predominant neutrophilic infiltration. We suggest that the initiating mechanisms in Sweet's syndrome are that monocyte/histiocyte derived cytokines such as the interleukins IL‐1 and IL‐8. secreted either by infiltrating histiocytes in the non‐leukaemia‐associated cases of Sweet's syndrome or by tumoural myelomonocytic cells in those associated with leukaemia, are responsible for the systemic manifestations and the infiltration with neutrophils in the skin lesions.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: is it all in the genes?
Authors: Dawn McDowell Torres, Stephen A. Harrison
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Whether this association has a genetic basis is unknown. Methods: In 95 healthy Asian Indian men, a group known to have a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, we genotyped two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding apolipoprotein C3 ( APOC3 ) that are known to be associated with hypertriglyceridemia (rs2854116 [T-455C] and rs2854 117 [C-482T]). Plasma apolipoprotein C3 concentrations, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic triglyceride content were measured. We also measured plasma triglyceride concentrations and retinyl fatty acid ester absorption as well as plasma triglyceride clearance after oral and intravenous fat-tolerance tests. Liver triglyceride content and APOC3 genotypes were also assessed in a group of 163 healthy non-Asian Indian men. Results: Carriers of the APOC3 variant alleles (C-482T, T-455C, or both) had a 30% increase in the fasting plasma apolipoprotein C3 concentration, as compared with the wild-type homozygotes. They also had a 60% increase in the fasting plasma triglyceride concentration, an increase by a factor of approximately two in the plasma triglyceride and retinyl fatty acid ester concentrations after an oral fat-tolerance test, and a 46% reduction in plasma triglyceride clearance. The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was 38% among variant-allele carriers and 0% among wild-type homozygotes (P&lt;0.001). The subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease had marked insulin resistance. A validation study involving non-Asian Indian men confirmed the association between APOC3 variant alleles and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions: The polymorphisms C-482T and T-455C in APOC3 are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance.
Abstract 3878: Bach1 promotes liver metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by regulating c-Myc and SOX4.
Authors: Jieun Yun, Yeong Nang Jo, Song-Kyu Park, Jin-Ah Kim, Junguk Yang, Chang Woo Lee, Won Kee Yoon, Ok-Jun Lee, Sang-Bae Han, Robert C. Doebele, Jong Soon Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Bach1 is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to Maf recognition elements (MAREs) and has recently been identified as the regulator of breast cancer metastasis. Bach1 promotes breast cancer metastasis to bone by directly upregulating MMP1 and CXCR4 and it is critical for the cell transformation and tumor growth induced by activated H-RasV12. Here, we demonstrate the oncogenic mechanisms of Bach1 in colorectal cancer. Ectopic expression of Bach1 increases invasion of colorectal cancer cells, whereas knockdown of Bach1 significantly reduces the invasive efficiency of the cancer cells. In a mouse model, suppression of Bach1 expression significantly inhibits intravasation and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer cells. The mechanism involves upregulation of c-Myc and SOX4 expression by Bach1 maintaining ERK signaling. Finally, we confirmed the expression of Bach1 is high in the patient samples of colorectal cancer and metastasis, unlike normal colon tissues. These results suggest Bach1 as a novel target for cancer therapeutic strategy. Citation Format: Jieun Yun, Yeong Nang Jo, Song-Kyu Park, Jin-Ah Kim, Junguk Yang, Chang Woo Lee, Won Kee Yoon, Ok-Jun Lee, Sang-Bae Han, Robert C. Doebele, Jong Soon Kang. Bach1 promotes liver metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by regulating c-Myc and SOX4. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3878. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3878
Mycosis Fungoides and Occupation in Sweden
Authors: M. S. LINET, J. K. MCLAUGHLIN, J. F. FRAUMENI, H. S. R. MALKER, J. A. WEINER, J. L. E. ERICSSON
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Mycosis Fungoides and Occupation in Sweden Get access MARTHA S. LINET, MARTHA S. LINET Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOSEPH K. MCLAUGHLIN, JOSEPH K. MCLAUGHLIN Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOSEPH F. FRAUMENI, JR., JOSEPH F. FRAUMENI, JR. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HANS S. R. MALKER, HANS S. R. MALKER National Board of Occupational Safety and Health SolnaSweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAN A. WEINER, JAN A. WEINER National Board of Occupational Safety and Health SolnaSweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAN L. E. ERICSSON JAN L. E. ERICSSON National Board of Health and Welfare StockholmSweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 23, 6 December 1989, Pages 1842–1843, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.23.1842 Published: 06 December 1989
Heart rate and athletic training
Authors: E. L Fallen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Heart rate and athletic training Get access Ernest L Fallen Ernest L Fallen Division of Cardiology, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 2, February 1994, Pages 284–285, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.2.284B Published: 01 February 1994
Three cases of primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva as a manifestation of the atypical mole syndrome
Authors: V. BATAILLE, J. BOYLE, J.L. HDNGERFORD, J.A. NEWTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

We report three patients with the atypical mole syndrome (AMS) [also known as dysplastic naevus or FAMMM syndrome] who presented with primary acquired melanosis (PAM). PAM is a melanocytic lesion of the conjunctiva which may progress to conjunctival melanoma. The association of this rare condition with the AMS phenotype in three individuals suggests that PAM may he a conjunctival manifestation of the AMS.
STUDIES ON AMINO ACID EXCRETION IN MAN. III. AMINO ACID LEVELS IN PLASMA AND URINE OF NORMAL MEN FED DIETS OF VARYING PROTEIN CONTENT 1
Authors: Joseph B. Kirsner, A. Leonard Sheffner, Walter Lincoln Palmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)

Current emphasis on the use of proteins in the treatment of various disorders of the alimentary tract has stimulated a comparative study of certain aspects of protein metabolism in normal persons and in patients with gastro-intestinal disease.In addition to the usual nitrogen balances, microbiological assays were made of eight amino acids in food, acid-hydrolyzed whole plasma, tungstic acid filtrates of plasma (free amino acids), acid-hydrolyzed tungstic acid filtrates of plasma (free plus combined amino acids),' hydrolyzed urine, and in feces.The amino acids measured were methi- onine, lysine, arginine, histidine, leucine, isoleu- cine, valine and threonine.The present paper deals with individual amino acid levels in the food, plasma, and urine of two normal adult men fed isocaloric diets of differing protein content.The data indicate that the fasting levels of amino acids in plasma are relatively constant, and that the excretion of amino acids in the urine does not fluctuate significantly despite considerable variation in amino acid intake. METHOD OF STUDY A. SubjectsTwo healthy young men were studied in the metabolism section of Billings Hospital.In addition to the standard laboratory procedures, normal results were obtained for the followings (a) urea clearance test of renal function (1); (b) oral glucose tolerance; (c) hepatic function (2-9); (d) carbon dioxide ([10] p. 283), pH ([10] p. 796) and chloride ([10] p. 835), calcium (11), and phosphorus (12) content of serum; (e) plasma proteins (13); and (f) gastric secretion (14) (0.1 mg.histamine diphosphate per 10 kg.body weight).Subject 1, J. D.; initial weight was 70 kg., height 175 cm.The basal metabolic rate, measured by the Benedict-Roth apparatus and calculated according to the standards of Boothby and Berkson, was +4; the basal calories were estimated as 1880.
Decreased sensitivity of artesunate and chloroquine of Plasmodium falciparum infecting hemoglobin H and/or hemoglobin constant spring erythrocytes.
Authors: Y Yuthavong, P Butthep, A Bunyaratvej, S Fucharoen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Plasmodium falciparum infecting hemoglobin (Hb) H and/or Hb Constant Spring erythrocytes in vitro was relatively more resistant than that infecting normal erythrocytes to artesunate and chloroquine, while the sensitivity to pyrimethamine was unchanged. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for artesunate in HbH (alpha-thal 1/alpha-thal 2), HbH (alpha-thal 1/Hb Constant Spring), and homozygous Hb Constant Spring erythrocytes were 4.5 +/- 2.8, 8.5 +/- 3.2, and 2.6 +/- 1.6 nM compared with 0.82 +/- 0.35 nM in normal erythrocytes (P less than 0.002 for all three cases). The IC50 for chloroquine were 97 +/- 46, 162 +/- 67, and 93 +/- 36 nM, respectively, in the variant erythrocytes, compared with 48 +/- 13 nM in normal erythrocytes (P less than 0.002, 0.002, and 0.02, respectively). The differences in sensitivity to artesunate and chloroquine of the parasite infecting HbH erythrocytes are probably related to their oxidative mode of action and relatively high amounts of antioxidant enzymes in the host erythrocytes. This novel example of dependence on the host of the malarial parasite drug sensitivity may have implications for chemotherapy of malaria in patients with genetically variant erythrocytes.
Elevated nitric oxide/peroxynitrite theory of multiple chemical sensitivity: central role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the sensitivity mechanism.
Authors: Martin L Pall
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

The elevated nitric oxide/peroxynitrite and the neural sensitization theories of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) are extended here to propose a central mechanism for the exquisite sensitivity to organic solvents apparently induced by previous chemical exposure in MCS. This mechanism is centered on the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by organic solvents producing elevated nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, leading in turn to increased stimulating of and hypersensitivity of NMDA receptors. In this way, organic solvent exposure may produce progressive sensitivity to organic solvents. Pesticides such as organophosphates and carbamates may act via muscarinic stimulation to produce a similar biochemical and sensitivity response. Accessory mechanisms of sensitivity may involve both increased blood-brain barrier permeability, induced by peroxynitrite, and cytochrome P450 inhibition by nitric oxide. The NMDA hyperactivity/hypersensitivity and excessive nitric oxide/peroxynitrite view of MCS provides answers to many of the most puzzling aspects of MCS while building on previous studies and views of this condition.
Doctors and Reformers: Discussion and Debate Over Health Policy, 1925-1950
Authors: Renate Wilson
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intrapleural Mechlorethamine Hydrochloride Therapy for Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: James B. D. Mark, Ira S. Goldenberg, Albert C. W. Montague
Journal: JAMA (1964)

PLEURAL EFFUSION secondary to metastatic malignant disease in pleura is a frequent occurrence. Particularly susceptible patients are those with primary breast cancer. Often the pleural effusion is the most symptomatic evidence of metastases. Systemic hormonal therapy or chemotherapy seldom alleviates the fluid accumulation and local treatment, therefore, must frequently be utilized. Various techniques of local intrapleural therapy have been devised, almost all of which are based on direct tumor destruction and/or creation of an obliterative, inflammatory pleural reaction. Such agents as radioactive colloidal gold and external radiation have been used with varying degrees of success, but with a relatively high complication rate. Parietal pleurectomy, a surgical procedure of some magnitude, has also been advocated as the procedure of choice.<sup>1</sup>These approaches are all palliative, since the therapy obviously does not lead to cure. Development of alkylating agents has opened a new avenue of approach to the palliation of metastatic
Abstract 2975: The pluripotency factor LIN28 promotes colorectal tumorigenesis and tumor progression
Authors: Sarah Schwitalla, Ho-Chou Tu, Srinivas Viswanathan, Hao Zhu, Zhirong Qian, Samar Shah, Shuji Ogino, George Q. Daley
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract LIN28A and LIN28B are RNA-binding protein paralogs expressed in embryonic stem cells and in early developing tissues. Through blocking the terminal processing of let-7 miRNAs and regulating the translation of a number of mRNA binding targets, LIN28 controls an array of targets that mediate proliferation, pluripotency, differentiation and metabolism. While highly expressed in the early embryos, the levels of LIN28A/B are downregulated as differentiation and development proceed. However, aberrant overexpression of LIN28 is often observed in human malignancies especially those with poor prognosis. We have demonstrated that LIN28 promotes cellular transformation in vitro, yet it is unknown how LIN28 regulates tumorigenesis in vivo. Here, we investigate the role of LIN28 in colorectal cancer (CRC) in humans and in mouse models. We first investigated the status of LIN28A/B in 1000 CRC patients and observed 35-60% of the cancer samples express LIN28A and/or LIN28B. Furthermore, we generated intestinal-specific LIN28 overexpressing mice, and observed intestinal adenoma as well as invasive adenocarcinoma that highly resemble the histology of human CRCs. Moreover, in Apcmin/+ animals, additional LIN28 expression significantly increased tumor incidence and accelerated disease onset, as their tumors are poorly differentiated and more invasive compared with Apcmin/+ tumors. Together, our study shows that LIN28 drives intestinal tumorigenesis and further promotes tumor progression in vivo. CRC is one of the major contributors to cancer-related mortality; however, current mouse models seldom progress to later stages of the disease, which greatly impedes efforts to developing more effective therapies. Based on the knowledge gained from this research, we hope to provide novel insights into designing therapeutics targeting late-stage CRC. Citation Format: Sarah Schwitalla, Ho-Chou Tu, Srinivas Viswanathan, Hao Zhu, Zhirong Qian, Samar Shah, Shuji Ogino, George Q. Daley. The pluripotency factor LIN28 promotes colorectal tumorigenesis and tumor progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2975. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2975
A tissue-specific chromatin loop activates the erythroid ankyrin-1 promoter
Authors: Ashley O. Yocum, Laurie A. Steiner, Nancy E. Seidel, Amanda P. Cline, Emily D. Rout, Jolinta Y. Lin, Clara Wong, Lisa J. Garrett, Patrick G. Gallagher, David M. Bodine
Journal: Blood (2012)