tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dual-Time-Point F-18 FDG PET/CT for Evaluation of Intrathoracic Lymph Nodes in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Takayoshi Shinya, Kammei Rai, Yoshihiro Okumura, Keiichi Fujiwara, Kiyoshi Matsuo, Toshiro Yonei, Toshio Sato, Kazuhiko Watanabe, Haruyuki Kawai, Shuhei Sato, Susumu Kanazawa
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose dual-time-point (DTP) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for intrathoracic lymph node (LN) metastases in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients had DTP PET/CT, with 60 minutes and 2-hour scans (n = 19, NSCLC; n = 15, benign pulmonary disease). LN diagnoses were confirmed by surgery or clinical follow-up (n = 14, metastatic LNs; n = 45, nonmetastatic LNs; n = 39, inflammatory LNs). Results: The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in the metastatic group was significantly higher than those in the nonmetastatic and inflammatory groups on both early- and delayed-phase imaging (each P < 0.0001). The retention index (RI) of SUVmax (RI-SUVmax) in the metastatic group was significantly higher than in the nonmetastatic (P = 0.0008) and inflammatory groups (P = 0.0074). No significant difference was found between SUVmax values of the nonmetastatic and inflammatory groups on early- (P = 0.6461) or delayed-phase (P = 0.6913), or between RI-SUVmax values of the nonmetastatic and inflammatory groups (P = 0.5717). For early-phase SUVmax, the cut-off value for highest accuracy with metastatic LNs was 3.61, yielding a sensitivity of 86.67% and a specificity of 88.00%. For delayed-phase SUVmax, the cut-off value was 4.00, yielding a sensitivity of 91.6% and specificity of 92.9%. For RI-SUVmax, the cut-off value was 20.91%, yielding a sensitivity of 73.6% and specificity of 75.9%. Conclusions: DTP PET/CT with a semiquantitative technique may improve diagnostic capacity for nodal staging of NSCLC.
Should the Pharmaceutical Industry be Nationalized?
Authors: E. Elkan
Journal: BMJ (1965)

acturing chemists, selling their product for a fair return ?Their pharmacological and much of their pharmaceutical research should be done by a P.R.C., and their costly promo- tion replaced by a proper information service run as part of the National Health Service.If this partial take-over did not work, then complete nationalization should be resorted to.-I am, etc., London S.
Liberal Thought, Radical Theory and Medical Practice
Authors: Michael J. Halberstam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract Many authorities criticize American medicine for being under-organized and inefficient. Their proposed solutions involve varying degrees of industrialization and larger groups of physicians practicing together. A central malaise in American life today, however, is depersonalization, and the radical analysis of our society calls for smaller, less rigid units of service. In the long run these may be more efficient than larger units planned by the cost-accounting method. Medical care, being a personal service, may develop dis-economies of scale early on. Any reform of American medicine must be based not only on the need to get care to all people, but also on growing demand of all citizens, especially the young, for personal, humanistic services.
Interrelations of lead levels in bone, venous blood, and umbilical cord blood with exogenous lead exposure through maternal plasma lead in peripartum women.
Authors: H Y Chuang, J Schwartz, T Gonzales-Cossio, M C Lugo, E Palazuelos, A Aro, H Hu, M Hernandez-Avila
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Recent research has raised the possibility that fetal lead exposure is not estimated adequately by measuring lead content in maternal whole blood lead because of the variable partitioning of lead in whole blood between plasma and red blood cells. Lead in maternal plasma may derive in large part from maternal bone lead stores. In this study we aimed to estimate the contribution of maternal whole blood lead, maternal bone lead levels, and environmental lead to umbilical cord blood lead levels (as a measure of fetal lead exposure). In the model, we assumed that lead from all of these sources reaches the fetus through the maternal plasma lead pathway. In 1994-1995, we recruited 615 pregnant women for a study of lead exposure and reproductive outcomes in Mexico City. We gathered maternal and umbilical cord blood samples within 12 hr of each infant's delivery and measured maternal lead levels in cortical bone and trabecular bone by a K-X-ray fluorescence (K-XRF) instrument within 1 month after delivery. We administered a questionnaire to assess use of lead-glazed ceramics (LGC) to cook food and we obtained data on regional air lead levels during the 2 months before delivery. We used structural equation models (SEMs) to estimate plasma lead as the unmeasured (latent) variable and to quantify the interrelations of plasma lead, the other lead biomarkers, and environmental lead exposure. In the SEM analysis, a model that allowed plasma lead to vary freely from whole blood lead explained the variance of cord blood lead (as reflected by a total model R(2); R(2) = 0.79) better than did a model without plasma lead (r(2) = 0.67). Cortical bone lead, trabecular bone lead, use of LGC, and mean air lead level contributed significantly to plasma lead. The exchange of lead between plasma and red blood cells was mostly in the direction of plasma to cells. According to the final model, an increase in trabecular bone lead and cortical bone lead was associated with increases in cord blood lead of 0.65 and 0.25 microg/dL, respectively. An increase of 0.1 microg/m(3) in air lead was associated with an increase in the mean level of fetal cord blood lead by 0.67 microg/dL. With one additional day of LCG use per week in the peripartum period, the mean fetal blood lead level increased by 0.27 microg/dL. Our analyses suggested that maternal plasma lead varies independently from maternal whole blood lead and that the greatest influences on maternal plasma lead are maternal bone lead stores, air lead exposures, and recent cooking with LGC. The contributions from endogenous (bone) and exogenous (environmental) sources were relatively equal. Measurement of plasma and bone lead may be important in accurately assessing fetal lead exposure and its major sources, particularly if exogenous exposures decline.
Perceptual-motor constraints on sound-to-meaning correspondence in language
Authors: Laura L. Namy, Lynne C. Nygaard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract The proposal that language has evolved to conform to general cognitive and learning constraints inherent in the human brain calls for specification of these mechanisms. We propose that just as cognition appears to be grounded in cross-modal perceptual-motor capabilities, so too must language. Evidence for perceptual-motor grounding comes from non-arbitrary sound-to-meaning correspondences and their role in word learning.
Esophageal Cast Phenomenon
Authors: Lawrence A. Solberg, William B. Manzel, Harvinder S. Luthra
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We would like to report an unusual phenomenon that was recently observed by us during care of an acutely sick patient. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 69-year-old man with dermatomyositis and progressive dysphagia was transferred to our care because of progressive deterioration. Review at our institution supported the diagnosis of dermatomyositis, and he was treated with prednisone, 100 mg per day, in divided doses, given nasogastric feedings through a small feeding tube, given antacids, and started on a regimen of physical therapy. Because of an episode of melena a few days before his admission, esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed. This disclosed the mucosa of the distal two thirds of the esophagus to be moderately erythematous with several superficial erosions. There were no varices seen. On the 27th hospital day, he experienced fever, chills, and, on the next day, progressive respiratory distress. Because of findings suggesting a diagnosis of multiple
Deaths from non-accidental injury in children.
Authors: S Creighton
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Size of tumour and operation performed in relation to length of history, 1979 Short* Intermediate Longt history history history No of inoperable tumours 1 2 7 Average tumour diameter (cm) 16 2-6 3-1 No of mastectomies 19 29 8 No of wide local excisions 16 22 1 Total No of patients 36 53 16*Short history .onemonth.tLong history-one year.radiotherapy.The selection of patients for conservative surgery is on the basis of the relative volume of the tumour to the breast and on its position.Patients with central tumours still undergo mastectomy but patients with relatively small medial or lateral tumours have wide local excision.If wide local excision and postoperative radiotherapy can control local disease as effectively as mastectomy, then our message to the public is not that shorter delay neces- sarily means longer survival but that shorter delay means less radical surgery.
Hemodynamic Aspects of Prolonged Infusion of Angiotensin into Unanesthetized Dogs
Authors: FREDERICK OLMSTED, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

Arterial pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, and peripheral resistance have been recorded daily in eight trained, healthy dogs with implanted aortic flow probes and aortic catheters. After suitable control periods angiotensin II was infused for periods of from 2 to 29 days. The effects observed were considered under four categories: 1) The immediate effects consisted of rise of arterial pressure, decrease of cardiac output and heart rate, rise of peripheral resistance and increased pulse pressure. Within five days all values tended to return to control levels unless the infusion rate of angiotensin was increased. 2) A chronic phase followed and, during this period, cardiac output was normal while arterial pressure and peripheral resistance were elevated. 3) After infusions were stopped pressure and peripheral resistance rapidly declined to be low normal, while cardiac output and heart rate rose to above normal. 4) A transient "malignant" phase was elicited by very large increases in the rate of angiotensin infusion, during which cardiac output and stroke volume were diminished while arterial pressure and peripheral resistance were increased greatly. The hemodynamic changes resulting from prolonged angiotensin infusion were similar in some respects to those found by us during the onset of hypertension due to renal artery constriction in dogs. They differed, however, in that doses of angiotensin, which were great enough to induce arterial pressure elevations similar to those of chronic experimental renal hypertension, reduced stroke volume, and these higher pressures could not be maintained for more than a few days. Hypertension did not persist after discontinuing angiotensin even after 28 days of almost continuous infusion. There was a distinct tendency for the pressor response to diminish with passage of time; more angiotensin was required to maintain similar elevations of arterial pressure.
Vocal gestures and auditory objects
Authors: Josef P. Rauschecker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Recent studies in human and nonhuman primates demonstrate that auditory objects, including speech sounds, are identified in anterior superior temporal cortex projecting directly to inferior frontal regions and not along a posterior pathway, as classically assumed. By contrast, the role of posterior temporal regions in speech and language remains largely unexplained, although a concept of vocal gestures may be helpful.
Progressive Systemic Sclerosis and Impotence
Authors: LAWRENCE E. KLEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1981Progressive Systemic Sclerosis and ImpotenceLAWRENCE E. KLEIN, M.D., MARC S. POSNER, M.D.LAWRENCE E. KLEIN, M.D., MARC S. POSNER, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-5-658_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We were most interested to read the recent article by Lally and Jimenez (1) describing six patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and impotence for whom no cause for the impotence other than the progressive systemic sclerosis could be found. We recently have seen a similar case.A 36-year-old white male longshoreman without known chronic medical illnesses presented after 5 months of impotence and 1 to 2 months of swelling of hands and feet, ulcerations of several of his finger tips, and tightening of skin over the dorsum of his hands. On further questioning, the patient described intermittent...References1. LALLYJIMENEZ ES. Impotence in progressive systemic sclerosis. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:150-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SCOTTBYRDKARACANOLSSONBENTLERATTIA FGIPLS. Erectile impotence treated with an implantable, inflatable prosthesis: five years of clinical experience. JAMA. 1979;241:2609-12. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Johns Hopkins Hospital South Baltimore General Hospital Baltimore, MD 21230 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByEffect of Corticosteroids and Cyclophosphamide on Sex Hormone Profiles in Male Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Systemic SclerosisOverlooked ManifestationsErectile DysfunctionA 38-Year-Old Man with Systemic Sclerosis and Erectile DysfunctionOften Forgotten Manifestations of Systemic SclerosisSystemic Sclerosis and Impotence: A Clinicopathological CorrelationNeurotropic ulceration systemic sclerosisErectile Failure in Systemic SclerosisNeurological complications of systemic sclerosis-a report of three cases and review of the literatureProgressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and impotencePenile raynaud's phenomenon: A possible cause of erectile failureImpotence in sclerodermaImpotence in silicosis-associated sclerodermaImpotence in SclerodermaNANCY S. NOWLIN, M.D., JAMES E. BRICK, M.D., DANA J. WEAVER, M.D., DEBORAH A. WILSON, M.D., HOWARD L. JUDD, M.D., JOHN K. H. LU, Ph.D., HAROLD E. CARLSON, M.D. 1 November 1981Volume 95, Issue 5Page: 658-659KeywordsErectile dysfunctionInflammationSclerodermaUlcers Issue Published: 1 November 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Fragmented QRS Resolution on Post-implantation Electrocardiography: A Predictor of Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Umut Celikyurt, Kurtulus Karauzum, Neslihan Al, Tayfun Sahin, Aysen Agacdiken, Ahmet Vural, Dilek Ural
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Sodium ion channel mutations in glioblastoma patients correlate with shorter survival
Authors: Avadhut D Joshi, D Williams Parsons, Victor E Velculescu, Gregory J Riggins
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2011)

Abstract Background Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common and invasive astrocytic tumor associated with dismal prognosis. Treatment for GBM patients has advanced, but the median survival remains a meager 15 months. In a recent study, 20,000 genes from 21 GBM patients were sequenced that identified frequent mutations in ion channel genes. The goal of this study was to determine whether ion channel mutations have a role in disease progression and whether molecular targeting of ion channels is a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM patients. Therefore, we compared GBM patient survival on the basis of presence or absence of mutations in calcium, potassium and sodium ion transport genes. Cardiac glycosides, known sodium channel inhibitors, were then tested for their ability to inhibit GBM cell proliferation. Results Nearly 90% of patients showed at least one mutation in ion transport genes. GBM patients with mutations in sodium channels showed a significantly shorter survival compared to patients with no sodium channel mutations, whereas a similar comparison based on mutational status of calcium or potassium ion channel mutations showed no survival differences. Experimentally, targeting GBM cells with cardiac glycosides such as digoxin and ouabain demonstrated preferential cytotoxicity against U-87 and D54 GBM cells compared to non-tumor astrocytes (NTAs). Conclusions These pilot studies of GBM patients with sodium channel mutations indicate an association with a more aggressive disease and significantly shorter survival. Moreover, inhibition of GBM cells by ion channel inhibitors such as cardiac glycosides suggest a therapeutic strategy with relatively safe drugs for targeting GBM ion channel mutations. Key Words: glioblastoma multiforme, ion channels, mutations, small molecule inhibitors, cardiac glycosides.
Fundamentals of General Surgery
Authors: M. Michael Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Textbook of Operative Surgery, by Eric L. Farquharson, ed 3; 951 pp, 1,000 illus, $23.50, Edinburgh and London: E. &amp; S. Livingstone Ltd. (Baltimore: Williams &amp; Wilkins Co.), 1966. The spate of surgical books appearing in recent years has literally deluged the professional public with a variety of "standard texts" upon which to draw. The two veterans discussed here have survived the rigors of a first and second edition and are currently being presented anew to the surgical reader. The first, by Gius, although an example of a work predominantly written by one man, was accomplished with assists from coauthors on sections of highly specialized interest. Moreover, editorial criticism of the text in numerous additional areas was provided by colleagues, the final outcome demonstrating a well-balanced and polished digest. The book is extremely readable and concise and can be successfully completed by the medical student on a six- or eight-week
O10.08 * HIGH G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS 65 (GPR65) EXPRESSION PREDICTS A POORER SURGICAL OUTCOME OF GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS
Authors: T. Xu, H. Wang, Y. Yan, R. Qin, Y. Jiang, Y. Lu, W. Li, C. Xia, J. Chen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression and prognostic value of G-protein-coupled receptors 65 (GPR65, also known as T-cell death-associated gene 8, TDAG8) in glioblastoma patients. METHODS: We determined the expression of GPR65 using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays containing 102 GBM samples and 15 normal brain samples. Cumulative survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by the stepwise forward Cox regression model. RESULTS: GPR65 protein levels were significantly elevated in glioblastoma tissues compared with those of normal brain tissues for nearly 5 folds (P < 0.001). In addition to standard therapy, patients with high GPR65 protein expression had significantly shorter OS and PFS than those with low GPR65 expression (OS: 14.6 versus 22.6 months or 14.7 versus 22.6 months, p = 0.047 and 0.040, respectively; PFS: 12.5 versus 18.9 months or 12.8 versus 19.0 months, p = 0.089 and p = 0.085, respectively). In multivariate analysis, Cox regression model identified high GPR65 expression as an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS (Hazard ration [HR] = 1.599 and 1.593; p = 0.037 and 0.034, respectively) of primary GBM patients. No adjuvant radiotherapy, small extent of resection were other three independent risk factors of poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. CONCLUSION: High GPR65 expression occurs in a significant subset of glioblastoma patients and predicts a poorer outcome. The study identifies a potentially useful molecular marker for the categorization and targeted therapy of glioblastoma.
Airway mucosal blood flow in humans. Response to adrenergic agonists.
Authors: D J Onorato, M C Demirozu, A Breitenbücher, N D Atkins, A D Chediak, A Wanner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We measured the uptake of the soluble inert gas dimethyl ether (DME) from a segment of the conducting airways to estimate mucosal blood flow (Qaw) noninvasively. The subjects inhaled, from the functional residual capacity position, a 300-ml gas mixture containing 35% DME, 8% helium, 35% oxygen, and the balance nitrogen; they held their breath for 5 s and then exhaled into a spirometer. During exhalation, the instantaneous concentrations of DME and helium were recorded together with expired gas volume. The maneuver was repeated with breathhold times of 5, 10, 15, and 20 s. We calculated Qaw using the time-dependent decrease in DME concentration in relation to the helium concentration in an expired volume fraction between 80 and 130 ml (representing an anatomic dead-space segment distal to the glottis) and the mean DME concentration. In 10 healthy nonsmokers, mean (+/- SE) Qaw was 8.0 +/- 1.3 ml/min, or 8 +/- 2 microliters/min/cm2 mucosal surface. We obtained a value of 12 +/- 3 microliters/min/cm2 in a validation experiment in sheep. Inhaled methoxamine (nebulized dose 10 mg) caused a 65 +/- 19% decrease (p < 0.05), and albuterol (nebulized dose 2.5 mg) a 92 +/- 17% increase (p < 0.05), in mean Qaw in seven subjects, with the maximum changes occurring immediately or 15 min postinhalation. We conclude that the DME uptake method is an acceptable noninvasive means of estimating airway mucosal blood flow in humans and its modification by vasoactive substances.
Modulation of basal nitric oxide-dependent cyclic-GMP production by ambient glucose, myo-inositol, and protein kinase C in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.
Authors: H Shindo, T P Thomas, D D Larkin, A K Karihaloo, H Inada, T Onaya, M J Stevens, D A Greene
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Defective tissue perfusion and nitric oxide production and altered myo-inositol metabolism and protein kinase C activation have been invoked in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications including neuropathy. The precise cellular compartmentalization and mechanistic interrelationships of these abnormalities remain obscure, and nitric oxide possesses both neurotransmitter and vasodilator activity. Therefore the effects of ambient glucose and myo-inositol on nitric oxide-dependent cGMP production and protein kinase C activity were studied in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, a cell culture model for peripheral cholinergic neurons. D-Glucose lowered cellular myo-inositol content, phosphatidylinositol synthesis, and phosphorylation of an endogenous protein kinase C substrate, and specifically reduced nitric oxide-dependent cGMP production a time- and dose-dependent manner with an apparent IC50 of approximately 30 mM. The near maximal decrease in cGMP induced by 50 mM D-glucose was corrected by the addition of protein kinase C agonists or 500 microM myo-inositol to the culture medium, and was reproduced by protein kinase C inhibition or downregulation, or by myo-inositol deficient medium. Sodium nitroprusside increased cGMP in a dose-dependent fashion, with low concentrations (1 microM) counteracting the effects of 50 mM D-glucose or protein kinase C inhibition. The demonstration that elevated D-glucose diminishes basal nitric oxide-dependent cGMP production by myo-inositol depletion and protein kinase C inhibition in peripheral cholinergic neurons provides a potential metabolic basis for impaired nitric oxide production, nerve blood flow, and nerve impulse conduction in diabetes.