tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Living Will-Reply
Authors: Jeremiah A. Barondess
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I thank Dr Rosner for writing and for promoting the discussion of the difficult issues surrounding terminal care. Efforts (such as the living will) to begin to bring some order and some meaningful expression of the wishes of the patient into terminal care are clearly at an early stage and, as pointed out by Eisendrath and Jonsen and in my editorial, require considerable further development. This is why clear and free communication between physician and patient is of such critical importance. The living will should not simply be accepted and filed in the patient's chart without discussion of its implications and without efforts by the physician to gain deeper understanding of what the<i>patient</i>means when he speaks of "no hope" or "heroic measures." The concept of terminal illness is best not measured in terms of time but rather in terms of irretrievability. It is the absence of
Detection of Narcotic Drugs, Tranquilizers, Amphetamines, and Barbiturates in Urine
Authors: Vincent P. Dole
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A method for detection in urine of narcotic drugs, quinine, barbiturates, amphetamines, and some tranquilizers appears to be applicable to a wide range of diagnostic problems and epidemiological studies. The drugs are first absorbed on ion-exchange paper and then eluted with a series of buffer-solvent systems. An aliquot of the solvent phase is concentrated and chromatographed. A series of detection sprays have been developed to provide both sensitive detection and confirmation of positive results.
Potential acuity pinhole
Authors: Samir A Melki, Ammar Safar, John Martin, Anastasia Ivanova, Marwa Adi
Journal: Ophthalmology (1999)

ObjectiveTo describe the potential acuity pinhole (PAP) test and compare its accuracy to the potential acuity meter (PAM) in predicting visual outcome after cataract surgery.Study designProspective case series.ParticipantsA total of 56 preoperative patients with cataracts participated.Main outcome measuresAccuracy of predicting postoperative distance visual acuity was measured.MethodsLines of inaccuracy were calculated by subtracting actual postoperative best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) from predicted values. Variables analyzed were method of prediction, preoperative BCVA, and preoperative spherical equivalent.ResultsThe PAP test predicted visual outcomes within 2 lines in 100%, 100%, and 56% of eyes with preoperative BCVA of 20/50 and better (group I), 20/60 to 20/100 (group II), and 20/200 and worse (group III), respectively. The PAM predictions within 2 lines for the same groups were 42%, 47%, and 0%, respectively. Mean lines of inaccuracy of PAP predictions were 0.83, 1.11, and 3.50 lines for groups I, II, and III, respectively. Mean lines of inaccuracy for PAM predictions were 2.50, 2.68, and 6.22 lines for the same groups. Differences in lines of prediction between PAM and PAP were 1.67 (P = 0.004), 1.58 (P = 0.0002), and 2.72 lines (P = 0.0001) for groups I, II, and III, respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between PAP predictions and preoperative myopic spherical equivalent.ConclusionsThe PAP test is a simple, inexpensive, and relatively reliable method to estimate visual outcome after uncomplicated cataract surgery in eyes with no coexisting disease. It is less accurate in patients with preoperative BCVA worse than 20/200. It appears to be more predictive than PAM.
Haemolytic streptococcal gangrene and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Authors: C J Brun-Buisson, M Saada, P Trunet, M Rapin, J C Roujeau, J Revuz
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Haemolytic streptococcal gangrene and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsAll patients with necrotising fasciitis seen at this hospital over 10 years were reviewed.Six cases were found in which non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs were suspected of having contributed to the infection; these cases are reported below.Patients, methods, and results The records of all 31 patients seen at this hospital during 1972-82 with a discharge diagnosis of necrotising fasciitis were reviewed.We considered
Sudden cardiac death in young athletes
Authors: J. A Drezner, K. Khan
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Evidence supports a systematic screening programme before participation

Which screening strategy should be used to identify young athletes at risk for sudden cardiac death is a highly controversial matter. For many years the medical community has disputed the cost effectiveness, feasibility, and accuracy of including 12 lead electrocardiography in the cardiovascular screening of athletes. Discordant recommendations from the American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology have fuelled a global debate about the usefulness of such screening in athletes.1 2 In the linked study, Sofi and colleagues analyse data from 30 065 Italian athletes who underwent a complete pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation including resting and exercise electrocardiography.3 

Sudden cardiac death in young athletes (<35 years) is caused by a diverse set of structural diseases of the heart (such as cardiomyopathies) and electrical defects (such as ion channelopathies). In the United States alone, one young competitive athlete dies every three days from an unrecognised cardiovascular disorder.4 American and European authorities have recommended a comprehensive pre-participation evaluation, which includes a detailed patient and family history and a physical examination, in all athletes of 12 years or more.1 2

Warning symptoms of underlying …
Salt and asthma
Authors: P Kotanko, F Skrabal
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Summary</h3> Lupus nephritis (LN) increases the morbidity and mortality of patients with SLE. This review compares the randomized, controlled trials that examined various maintenance regimens available to treat LN. Currently, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and azathioprine (AZA) are the most popular therapeutic agents used for long-term maintenance of LN. Long-term maintenance with MMF is recommended as the first choice after achieving remission with cyclophosphamide or MMF induction. MMF is effective in consolidating remission and preventing relapse and CKD in patients of diverse races and ethnicities. Long-term maintenance with AZA is the recommended second choice, especially when patients develop intolerance of or contraindications to MMF. Azathioprine is particularly effective in consolidating remission and preventing relapse and CKD in patients who receive an induction regimen of cyclophosphamide. To date, there are no data on how rapidly maintenance therapies can be withdrawn; however, it is recommended that the immunosuppressive therapy be maintained indefinitely, unless it is contraindicated, in patients at high risk for progression to CKD.
Pitfalls in the interpretation of tumour markers
Authors: D A Oleesky, R Fifield
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—We do not agree with H S Pandha and colleagues that poor sensitivity and specificity of assays cause a major problem in the measurement of (alpha) fetoprotein concentrations.1 Measurements of (alpha) fetoprotein are used in several clinical situations, including to diagnose and monitor neoplastic disorders (such …
THE EFFECT OF SALICYLATES ON THE ELECTROLYTE STRUCTURE OF THE BLOOD PLASMA. I. RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS IN MONKEYS AND DOGS AFTER SODIUM AND METHYL SALICYLATE; THE INFLUENCE OF HYPNOTIC DRUGS AND OF SODIUM BICARBONATE ON SALICYLATE POISONING1
Authors: S. Rapoport, George M. Guest
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1945)
Phaeochromocytoma with ectopic calcitonin production and parathyroid cyst.
Authors: T Kalager, E Gluck, P Heimann, O Myking
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Phaeochromocytoma with ectopic calcitonin production and parathyroid cystThe triad of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, phaeochromocytoma, and hyperparathyroidism is known as Sipples's syndrome.We report a case of unilateral phaeochromocytoma, hyperparathyroidism, and increased concentrations of serum calcitonin (CT) in which medullary carcinoma of the thyroid was not found. Case reportA 55-year-old woman with moderate hypertension and a swelling in the front of the neck was admitted to the medical department.Her blood pressure
Influence of renal prostaglandin synthesis on renin control mechanisms in the dog.
Authors: A A Seymour, J E Zehr
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We studied the influence of altered rates of intrarenal prostaglandin synthesis on known renin control mechanisms in single, filtering and nonfiltering, denervated kidneys of chloralose, anesthetized dogs.Infusion of indomethacin directly into the renal artery resulted in 50% reductions in both renin and prostaglandins effluxing from the renal vein.The increased plasma renin resulting from suprarenal aortic constriction was unaffected by indomethacin despite suppressed renal vein prostaglandin efflux.However, the renin response to furosemide was blunted by prior renal arterial indomethacin administration even though furosemide had no influence on prostaglandin efflux.Renin secretion also was suppressed by intrarenal indomethacin administration in nonfiltering kidneys.Intrarenal arachidonic acid infusion resulted in parallel increases in renin and prostaglandin in both papaverine-treated and untreated, nonfiltering, denervated kidneys.Imposition of intrarenal indomethacin during arachidonic acid infusion in nonfiltering kidneys suppressed prostaglandin efflux from both papaverinize-treated and untreated kidneys; however, renin secretion was suppressed by indomethacin in only the control kidney.Since renin was stimulated by arachidonic acid in nonfiltering, denervated, papaverine-treated kidneys, it is concluded that the in vivo intrarenal cyclooxygenasedependent conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins exerts its influence on renin secretion by a direct influence on juxtaglomerular cells and is independent of other presently recognized renin control mechanisms.Ore Res 45: [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] 1979 CONSIDERABLE interest has developed over the past several years concerning mechanisms whereby intrarenal prostaglandins (PG) or their intermediate synthetic products may influence renin secretion.This interest has sprung from the observation that indomethacin, an inhibitor of the renal cyclooxygenase-dependent conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, suppresses renin in a variety of species including man (Flower, 1974;
A Gain-of-Function Mutation in TRPA1 Causes Familial Episodic Pain Syndrome
Authors: Barbara Kremeyer, Francisco Lopera, James J. Cox, Aliakmal Momin, Francois Rugiero, Steve Marsh, C. Geoffrey Woods, Nicholas G. Jones, Kathryn J. Paterson, Florence R. Fricker, Andrés Villegas, Natalia Acosta, Nicolás G. Pineda-Trujillo, Juan Diego Ramírez, Julián Zea, Mari-Wyn Burley, Gabriel Bedoya, David L.H. Bennett, John N. Wood, Andrés Ruiz-Linares
Journal: Neuron (2010)

Human monogenic pain syndromes have provided important insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie normal and pathological pain states.We describe an autosomal-dominant familial episodic pain syndrome characterized by episodes of debilitating upper body pain, triggered by fasting and physical stress.Linkage and haplotype analysis mapped this phenotype to a 25 cM region on chromosome 8q12-8q13.Candidate gene sequencing identified a point mutation (N855S) in the S4 transmembrane segment of TRPA1, a key sensor for environmental irritants.The mutant channel showed a normal pharmacological profile but altered biophysical properties, with a 5-fold increase in inward current on activation at normal resting potentials.Quantitative sensory testing demonstrated normal baseline sensory thresholds but an enhanced secondary hyperalgesia to punctate stimuli on treatment with mustard oil.TRPA1 antagonists inhibit the mutant channel, promising a useful therapy for this disorder.Our findings provide evidence that variation in the TRPA1 gene can alter pain perception in humans.
Dutch neurologist found guilty of fraud after falsifying 438 case records
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A Dutch court has found a former neurologist guilty of serious scientific fraud after he falsified reports for medical research and concealed earnings from the tax authorities.

Between 1989 and 1993 Dr H J Gelmers made 438 false case record forms as part of the second European stroke prevention study for the German pharmaceutical company Boehringer Ingelheim. The study was investigating whether dipyridamol reduced the chances of patients having a second stroke.

Reports showed falsely that patients had participated. Patient visits and research were reported that had not taken place. None of the patients later interviewed by investigators was informed of …
Examining Product Risk in Context: The Case of Zomepirac
Authors: Theodore E. Spielberg
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I am writing in response to the article on the marketing withdrawal of zomepirac sodium by Dr Ross-Degnan and colleagues<sup>1</sup>and the accompanying Editorial by Dr Goyan<sup>2</sup>in which the point is made that a warning letter concerning zomepirac's potential to cause anaphylactic reactions had no detected effect on zomepirac use in their cohorts of 260 prescribers, or in the larger cohorts of 1964 physicians. As one of the coauthors of a study quoted by Ross-Degnan et al, I had the opportunity to examine the letter in question closely. This letter was worded in such a way as to imply that the allergic problems and anaphylactic problems with zomepirac were a class effect and not unique to zomepirac. The phrase used in the letter was qualitatively similar to that associated with this class of drugs. Therefore, in my opinion it was the ambiguous and misleading
Decreased Efficiency of Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer in Aging Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Catherine Communal, Fawzia Huq, Djamel Lebeche, Celine Mestel, Judith K. Gwathmey, Roger J. Hajjar
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Aging is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Clinical application of myocardial gene transfer may be best suited in the elderly. In vivo gene transfer by adenovirus is less efficient in aging myocardium.When infected with adenovirus containing beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by cytomegalovirus promoters in vitro, aging rat cardiac myocytes exhibit significantly lower infectivity and delayed transgene expression compared with adult controls. Abnormalities of viral internalization may be one mechanism accounting for this difference. To investigate this, we studied expression levels of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) as well as other potential integrins involved in the internalization of adenoviruses. CAR expression tended to be upregulated whereas among potential integrins, alpha(3)beta(1) was downregulated in aging cardiac myocytes. Blocking the beta(1) component of alpha(3)beta(1) further decreased infectivity, suggesting that the interaction between the penton base of the adenovirus and beta(1) maybe a crucial component of the viral entry mechanism.These results suggest that it is integrin-stimulated internalization rather than the adenovirus-CAR interaction that plays a vital role in adenoviral entry. The downregulation of integrins observed in senescent cells may be a key mechanism accounting for the decrease in viral infectivity seen in these cells. These findings have implications for the gene therapy treatment of myocardial failure in the elderly.
LIPOID PROTEINOSIS..
Authors: T. HEYL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article LIPOID PROTEINOSIS.: I: THE CLINICAL PICTURE. Get access T. HEYL, M.B., B.Ch., M.Med.(Derm.) T. HEYL, M.B., B.Ch., M.Med.(Derm.) Registrar Karl Bremer Hospital and the Department of Dermatology, University of Stellenbosoh, P.O. Box 63, Bellville, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 12, 1 December 1963, Pages 465–472, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13929.x Published: 01 December 1963
Abstract 3986: Science Exchange: An integrated platform for experiment outsourcing
Authors: Jay Connolly, Ryan Abbott, Dan Knox, Elizabeth J. Iorns
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Scientific research is becoming increasingly specialized, necessitating greater use of collaborations and outsourcing to draw on experimental expertise. To facilitate this, many research institutions have established core facilities to help reduce the inefficiencies associated with the historical system of ‘bartering’ to gain access to specialized equipment and expertise. However, the current core facility system is fragmented: researchers have varying degrees of access to services, quality is hard to evaluate and pricing is not transparent. Researchers who need to collaborate outside of their institution lack an easy way to find providers, evaluate them, coordinate logistics and pay for work. Similarly, core facilities lack a robust mechanism for promoting their expertise and services to relevant researchers outside their institution. Methods: Science Exchange, an online marketplace accessible at www.ScienceExchange.com, was launched in August 2011 to address these issues. Science Exchange works by signing up core facilities as “providers” of different experiment types. Researchers can search for an experiment type they wish to outsource and choose a facility to perform the work, or post an open project and receive bids from qualified facilities. Science Exchange acts as a centralized hub for provider information and reviews, and assists with project management, including billing and payment. The goal of Science Exchange is to create an integrated and accessible marketplace for experimental services. Results: As of October 2011 more than 3,000 scientists from over 500 research institutions have registered with Science Exchange. The top 10 most searched for experiment types are, in descending order: DNA sequencing, Bioinformatics, Microarray, DNA analysis, electron microscopy, protein extraction/ purification, confocal microscopy, realtime qPCR, microRNA microarray, and NMR. On average, experiments outsourced through the platform have saved users 54% of the value of their experiment ($4,664 per experiment). Conclusions: Science Exchange has begun to address the barriers to effective experiment outsourcing. As with any marketplace, awareness and participation by key players is essential to increase utility. Experience also provides data necessary to make outsourcing as frictionless as possible for the particulars of each experiment type. Our team has an enduring commitment to making the platform as useful for researchers and providers as possible. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3986. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3986
Virtual reality in medicine
Authors: G. Szekely, R. M Satava
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Computer modelling and simulation have become increasingly important in many scientific and technological disciplines owing to the wealth of computational power. Calculation of the behaviour of these computational models is increasingly replacing experiments on real world objects—for example, in the car industry (tests based on simulated crashes) or in the development of nuclear weapons—and is becoming an indispensable tool in the development of new products and procedures. 

Likewise, the development of techniques for acquiring data (for example, medical imaging) has enabled the easy generation of high resolution copies of real world objects from the computer's memory. The development of imaging technologies, such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasound, has made the acquisition of highly detailed anatomical and partially functional models of three dimensional human anatomy a routine component of daily clinical practice.

#### Summary Points

The principal aim of virtual reality technology is to present virtual objects or complete scenes to all human senses in a way identical to their natural counterpart

Simulated three dimensional reconstruction of organs from radiological cross sections is an important diagnostic tool by providing clinicians with a more naturalistic view of a patient's anatomy

Preoperative planning with the use of a computer including realistic prediction of the outcome has become an integral part of the intervention in certain disciplines, such as radiation therapy, craniofacial surgery, or neurosurgery

Computerised three dimensional atlases of human anatomy, physiology, and pathology are about to revolutionise the teaching of these subjects

Several virtual reality systems have been developed and tested for the physical or mental rehabilitation of patients and for supporting mental health therapy

Virtual reality technology plays an important role in telemedicine from remote diagnosis to complex teleinterventions

#### Technical data for virtual reality devices

##### Display screens

Usual screen resolution: 1024×768 or 1280×1024 pixels

In stereoscopic mode the vertical resolution is halved: 1024×384 or 1280×512

For head mounted displays …
Oats and Celiac Disease
Authors: Parveen J. Kumar, Michael G.J. Farthing
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Celiac disease, a gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is treated with a gluten-free diet. Whether to include oats in the diet for patients with celiac disease has been debated at length for the past 30 years. It is therefore surprising that so few studies have assessed the effect of dietary oats on the small-intestinal mucosa. Studies have usually involved only small numbers of patients (primarily children) and have been open and uncontrolled. Often the effect of adding oats has been assessed only for short periods. In the 1950s, van de Kamer and his colleagues1 found oats to be toxic, but others have not . . .
Israel denies access to doctors planning to attend conference in Gaza
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Attempts to organise an international annual conference on mental health in Gaza later this month have been stymied by the Israeli authorities, which, the organisers say, have stopped delegates from overseas entering the territory.

Mahmoud Abu Aisha, who is organising the conference, the fifth such, said that the Israeli authorities had initially “promised to study this issue positively,” although they hadn’t actually given the go ahead. On 17 October the …
Race and Ethnicity Data Collections
Authors: Bruce C. Vladeck
Journal: JAMA (1994)

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