tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of a long-acting formulation of octreotide on renal function and renal sodium handling in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
Authors: Lone Harild Ottesen, Niels Kristian Aagaard, Marianne Kiszka-Kanowitz, Michael Rehling, Jens Henrik Henriksen, Erling Bjerregaard Pedersen, Allan Flyvbjerg, Flemming Bendtsen
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Octreotide seems to have a beneficial effect on variceal bleeding, and long-term administration for the prevention of rebleeding is currently being evaluated. Experimental studies have suggested a beneficial effect of chronic octreotide treatment on renal function, while clinical studies have shown variable effects. Twenty-five cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension were randomized in a double-blind design to placebo or a single subcutaneous dose of a long-acting formulation of octreotide (octreotide-LAR) (20 mg). Renal function tests were performed before dosing and repeated after 30 days. The patients were in sodium steady state at the time of study. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were measured by a constant infusion clearance technique. Renal sodium handling was determined by lithium and sodium clearance measurements. Therapeutic serum levels of octreotide along with a reduction of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) ( P &lt; .01) and an increase of IGF binding protein 1 ( P &lt; .05) were demonstrated. No effect of octreotide was observed on GFR, ERPF, or filtration fraction (GFR/ERPF). Changes in clearance and extraction fraction of sodium and lithium during octreotide treatment were not significantly different from those of placebo. In addition, no changes in free water clearance, urinary flow rate, or 24-hour Na excretion were demonstrated. A significant increase of mean arterial pressure (+5 mm Hg; P &lt; .01) was observed after treatment with octreotide-LAR. It is concluded that in spite of increased arterial pressure, octreotide-LAR has no significant effect on renal hemodynamics and tubular function in clinically stable cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. (Hepatology 2001;34:471-477.)
Ulcerative Colitis: Clinical Aspects
Authors: E. R. Cullinan
Journal: BMJ (1938)

Ulcerative colitis was described by Hale-White in 1888 and Allchin in 1885, and discovered at necropsy by Samuel Wilks in 1875. It seems to have been known to Sydenham, who in 1669 described the bloody flux. Although the disease has definite clinical and anatomical features, there is still controversy about the symptoms and treatment, and the cause has remained particularly obscure. It was the purpose of the present investigation to see, by studying the clinical aspects of a fairly large series of cases of ulcerative colitis, whether fresh light could be thrown on any of these points. The material consisted of forty unselected cases of  idiopathic ulcerative colitis. One additional case in which the illness had started with dysentery many years previously was excluded for reasons which will be explained later. The clinical examination included a carefully dated life history. The appearances of the colon were studied with the sigmoidoscope. The stools and blood were examined. Whenever possible, radiographs were taken both by barium meal and by barium enema, and test meals were made.
Spontaneous Biliary Perforation in an Infant: An Unusual Chronic Presentation
Authors: Babu Balakrishnan Vijay, Rakesh Kumar, Devendra K. Gupta, Muniswamy Ragavan, Tushar Mohapatra, Halanaik Dhanpathi, Sanjay Sharma, Arun Malhotra
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Spontaneous perforation of the biliary ducts is a rare disorder in infants. Early diagnosis of this entity is important because it can be treated surgically. We report on a 4-month-old child presenting with jaundice and progressive abdominal distention present since birth. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy, which was done to rule out any obstructive pathology, showed a biliary leak from the porta hepatis region leading to biliary ascites and bilateral hydroceles. Surgical exploration and intraoperative cholangiogram confirmed cystic duct perforation. Cholecystectomy and inguinal herniorrhaphy were performed. Follow-up hepatobiliary scintigraphy demonstrated complete resolution of the bile leak and hydroceles.
Immunoscintigraphy with lndium-111 Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies: The Importance of a Good Display Method
Authors: JEAN CLAUDE LIEHN, PASCAL HANNEQUIN, SALVADOR NASCA, DANIELA LEBRUN, ARSENIO FERNANDEZ-VALONI, JACQUES VALEYRE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A major drawback of in-111-labeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) Is the presence of Intense liver, renal, and bone marrow nonspecific activity. This makes the display of the Images hardly optimal and their visual interpretation difficult. In this study, the “intrinsic color scale” (which consists of selecting the limits of the color scale as the highest and the lowest pixel value of the image) was compared to a new, simple algorithm for the determination of the limits of the color scale. This algorithm was based on the count density in the Illac crest areas. OC-125 or anti-CEA in-111 MoAb F(ab‘)2 fragments were used in 32 patients with suspected recurrence of ovarian (19 patients) or colorectal cancer (13 patients). Final diagnosis was assessed by surgery (21 patients), biopsy (five patients), or followup (six patients). A 10-minute abdomino-pelvic anterior view was recorded two days after injection. These views are displayed using the two methods and interpreted by two observers. Using their responses in each quadrant of the pelvis, the authors calculated two ROC curves. The comparison of the ROC curves showed better performances for the new method. For example, for the same specificity (73%), the sensitivity of the new method was significantly better (78% versus 68%). This result confirmed the importance of a good methodology for displaying immunoscintigraphic images.
Identification and frequency of circulating <scp>CD</scp>4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes specific to <scp>B</scp>enzylpenicillin in healthy donors
Authors: C. Nhim, S. Delluc, F. Halgand, L. de Chaisemartin, R. J. Weaver, N. Claude, D. Joseph, B. Maillère, M. Pallardy
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background Drug hypersensitivity is known to rely on a drug‐specific T ‐cell response. Amplitude of antigen‐specific T ‐cell response is partly controlled by the size of the antigen‐specific naïve CD 4 + T‐cell repertoire, but estimate of this repertoire has never been investigated for allergenic drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of benzylpenicillin‐specific CD 4 + T lymphocytes in healthy donors. Methods Co‐cultures were established with CD 4 + T lymphocytes from healthy donors and mature autologous dendritic cells loaded with benzylpenicillin coupled to human serum albumin. CD 4 + T lymphocytes were stimulated once a week for 4 weeks with benzylpenicillin coupled to human serum albumin. The CD 4 + T ‐cell response was measured using an interferon‐γ ELISPOT assay. Frequency of benzylpenicillin‐specific naive CD 4 + T lymphocytes was then calculated using the P oisson distribution law. Results Results showed the presence of benzylpenicillin‐specific CD 4 + T lymphocytes in 9 of 10 tested healthy donors irrespective of their HLA typing, with a mean frequency of 0.29 cells per million of CD 4 + T cells. Experiments performed on naive ( CD 45 RA + ) and on memory ( CD 45 RO + ) CD 4 + T lymphocytes showed that these benzylpenicillin‐specific CD 4 + T lymphocytes belonged to the naive T ‐cell subpopulation. Conclusion This study showed for the first time the existence of naive CD 4 + T lymphocytes specific to benzylpenicillin in healthy donors.
Supercompetitor Status of Drosophila Myc Cells Requires p53 as a Fitness Sensor to Reprogram Metabolism and Promote Viability
Authors: Claire de la Cova, Nanami Senoo-Matsuda, Marcello Ziosi, D. Christine Wu, Paola Bellosta, Catarina M. Quinzii, Laura A. Johnston
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Facilitating Treatment Adherence: A Practitioner's Guidebook
Authors: William W. Weddington
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The authors of<i>Facilitating Treatment Adherence</i>are medical psychologists who have worked for more than 20 years with a variety of clinical populations who manifest medical, psychological, and behavioral problems such as chronic pain, diabetes, smoking, and psychotic disorders. The purpose of their book is to review the important issue of treatment adherence, describe adherence enhancement procedures, and exhibit the integration of adherence procedures and impediments to their use. The authors clarify the terminology, or jargon, of the adherence literature and point out the difference between adherence and compliance—a distinction more semantic than real. The first part of the book is rich with information regarding the problem of patients not following treatment directions, not taking medication, and not changing unhealthy behaviors or life-styles. They focus on factors that affect treatment adherence, such as patients' beliefs, the complexity of a treatment regimen, and the severity of symptoms. The second part of
Interferon-α2b–induced thrombocytopenia is caused by inhibition of platelet production but not proliferation and endomitosis in human megakaryocytes
Authors: Akiko Yamane, Takanori Nakamura, Hidenori Suzuki, Mamoru Ito, Yasuyuki Ohnishi, Yasuo Ikeda, Yoshitaka Miyakawa
Journal: Blood (2008)
Approaches to the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: G W Hunninghake, A R Kalica
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

There was a general consensus at the workshop that pulmonary fibrosis is a highly lethal lung disorder and that current therapies for this disease have little effect on the natural history of the disease. There was also broad consensus that much has been learned about the pathogenesis of this disease in recent years and this information can be used to direct new therapies for this disease. As a complement to the findings from studies on pulmonary fibrosis itself, there has also been significant development of new therapies for other disorders that might be useful in treating patients with pulmonary fibrosis. The following is a list of some of the issues and recommendations that were generated from this workshop.
TRACHEAL INJECTIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF LARYNGEAL AND PULMONARY INFLAMMATIONS.
Authors: J. A. THOMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The first physician who left us a record of a systematic study of intra-tracheal medication was Dr. Horace Green of New York. Long before the invention of the laryngoscope he had attained remarkable dexterity in passing a sponge probang, saturated with a solution of nitrate of silver, into either bronchus. His reports of his methods and results were so extraordinary that the New York Academy of Medicine appointed an investigating committee to determine the truth or falsity of his statements. The committee agreed that he could and did employ the method described, but a majority condemned its use. With the invention of the laryngoscope there was no immediate revival of the method of direct medication in the treatment of laryngeal and pulmonary inflammations. It is only within the last few years, that occasional reference to this subject can be found in medical literature. There are several reasons for the slow
Amoxycillin and co-trimoxazole in presumed viral respiratory infections of childhood: placebo-controlled trial.
Authors: B Taylor, G D Abbott, M M Kerr, D M Fergusson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A double-blind randomized controlled trial of amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, and placebo was conducted on 197 children presenting with presumed viral respiratory infections. Routine throat swabs were taken to exclude streptococcal diseases. The three disease categories studied--nasopharyngitis, pharyngotonsillitis, and bronchitis (including laryngotracheobronchitis)--showed a generally similar pattern of resolution irrespective of treatment. Nevertheless, seven out of 66 children receiving placebo were withdrawn from the trial with unremitting symptoms or complications thought to require antimicrobial treatment. Only two of 56 children receiving amoxycillin and none of 75 receiving co-trimoxazole were withdrawn. Three other children receiving amoxycillin and three receiving placebo were seen during the trial but further treatment was not thought to be necessary. Thus the return consultation rate in children receiving placebo therapy was 15% compared with 4% for those receiving antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrobial treatment was associated with less nasal discharge on the eighth day of treatment. Placebo treatment allowed an earlier return to normal activity. There was a high incidence of possible side effects on all regimens including placebo. It is concluded that the benefits of antimicrobial treatment in presumed viral respiratory infections are marginal, and they should not be routinely prescribed for these conditions.
The Golden Era of Irish Medicine
Authors: Kevin M. Cahill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

The best and the richestFor 'tis for a short space only. (J. M. Synge.)IN the first half of the nineteenth century Dublin, the capital of the Land of Saints and Scholars, became the center of a remarkable renaissance in medicine. Neither before nor since has it known the consistent excellence that characterized the thoughts and works of its handful of physicians. This golden era of Irish medicine left its impact on medical history; the names of its physicians are bywords in medical practice today, and their philosophy of medical education changed permanently the character of training in schools . . .
ZEISM OR PELLAGRA?
Authors: P. A. Nightingale
Journal: BMJ (1914)

PELLAGIA_ _i 1,..4 ma(le up laargely of preserved provisions may be looke(1 upoll as a pl)edisposiing cauise of ill-health, buit there are iio ground(is for goinig furtlher ini the preseilt inistancCe.
Homozygous MTTP and APOB mutations may lead to hepatic steatosis and fibrosis despite metabolic differences in congenital hypocholesterolemia
Authors: Mathilde Di Filippo, Philippe Moulin, Pascal Roy, Marie Elisabeth Samson-Bouma, Sophie Collardeau-Frachon, Sabrina Chebel-Dumont, Noël Peretti, Jérôme Dumortier, Fabien Zoulim, Thierry Fontanges, Rossella Parini, Miriam Rigoldi, Francesca Furlan, Grazia Mancini, Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot, Eric Bruckert, Jacques Schmitz, Jean Yves Scoazec, Sybil Charrière, Sylvie Villar-Fimbel, Frederic Gottrand, Béatrice Dubern, Diane Doummar, Francesca Joly, Marie Elisabeth Liard-Meillon, Alain Lachaux, Agnès Sassolas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Zinc and Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: SOODABEH SAFAI-KUTTI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1984Zinc and Anorexia NervosaSOODABEH SAFAI-KUTTI, M.D., JACK KUTTI, M.D.SOODABEH SAFAI-KUTTI, M.D., JACK KUTTI, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-2-317 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the excellent review of zinc by Russell and coworkers (1). Because some circumstantial evidence indicates that zinc deficiency may be involved in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (2-4), we write to report a patient with long-standing anorexia nervosa (5) who after having received oral zinc supplementation dramatically started to regain weight.A 24-year-old woman, who had been diagnosed as having anorexia nervosa at the age of 18 years, was hospitalized in February 1982 because of suspected deep venous thrombosis in her right leg. Because of her poor nutritional balance, she had been hospitalized...References1. RUSSELLCOXSOLOMONS RMN. Zinc and the special senses. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:227-39. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BAKAN R. The role of zinc in anorexia nervosa: etiology and treatment. Med Hypotheses. 1979;5:731-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ESCABRENNERMACHGSCHNAIT SWKF. Kwashiorkor-like zinc deficiency syndrome in anorexia nervosa. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh). 1979;59:361-4. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. CASPERKIRSCHNERSANDSTEADJACOBDAVIS RBHRJ. An evaluation of trace metals, vitamins, and taste function in anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980;33:1801-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. FEIGHNERROBINSGUZEWOODRUFFWINOKURMUNOZ JESRGR. Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1972;26:57-63. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Östra Hospital University of Göteborg Göteborg Sweden PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByZinc supplementation in the treatment of anorexia nervosaNutritional disorder of anorexia nervosa: A reviewGastrointestinal and nutritional aspects of eating disorders.Clinical Spectrum of Human Zinc DeficiencyZinc status before and after zinc supplementation of eating disorder patients.Acquired Zinc Deficiency in Association with Anorexia Nervosa: Case Report and Review of the LiteratureOral zinc supplementation in Anorexia NervosaOral zinc supplementation in Anorexia NervosaNutrition and eating disorders: A primer for cliniciansZink (Zn) 1 February 1984Volume 100, Issue 2Page: 317-318KeywordsAnorexia nervosaDeep vein thrombosisNutritionPathogenesisZinc Issue Published: 1 February 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identifies a Subgroup of Patients with Asymptomatic Monoclonal Plasma Cell Disease and Pathologic Microcirculation
Authors: Jens Hillengass, Christian Zechmann, Tobias Bäuerle, Barbara Wagner-Gund, Christiane Heiss, Axel Benner, Anthony Ho, Kai Neben, Dirk Hose, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Stefan Delorme, Thomas Moehler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

The aim of our study was to investigate whether dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) allows visualization of changes in microcirculation between healthy controls on the one side and early/advanced stages of plasma cell disease on the other.We examined a group of 222 individuals consisting of 60 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), 65 patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma (aMM), 75 patients with newly diagnosed symptomatic MM (sMM), and 22 healthy controls with DCE-MRI of the lumbar spine.A continuous increase in microcirculation parameters amplitude A and exchange rate constant kep reflecting vascular volume and permeability, respectively, was detected from normal controls over MGUS and aMM to sMM. For A and kep, significant differences were found between controls and aMM (P = 0.03 and P = 0.004, respectively) as well as controls and sMM (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Although diffuse microcirculation patterns were found in healthy controls as well as MGUS and MM, a pattern with focal hotspots was exclusively detected in 42.6% of sMM and in 3 MGUS and 3 aMM patients. MGUS and aMM patients with increased microcirculation patterns showed significantly higher bone marrow plasmocytosis compared with patients with a low microcirculation pattern.Our investigations substantiate the concept of an angiogenic switch from early plasma cell disorders to sMM. Pathologic DCE-MRI findings correlate with adverse prognostic factors and DCE-MRI identifies a distinct group of patients with increased microcirculation parameters in aMM and MGUS patients.
Hepatic steatosis in HIV/HCV co-infected patients: Correlates, efficacy and outcomes of anti-HCV therapy: A paired liver biopsy study
Authors: Maribel Rodríguez-Torres, Sugantha Govindarajan, Ricard Solá, Nathan Clumeck, Eduardo Lissen, Mário Pessôa, Peter Buggisch, Janice Main, Jean DePamphilis, Douglas T. Dieterich
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Who should look after people with Parkinson's disease?
Authors: R. Kale
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Multidisciplinary teams are needed to address the needs of patients 

With the support of the World Health Organization and the blessing of the Pope, the 1997 charter for people with Parkinson's disease declared that patients have the right to consult a doctor with a special interest in Parkinson's disease (box).1 This demand was reinforced at the launch of the global declaration on Parkinson's disease in Mumbai, India, last month at a symposium of a working group originally formed by WHO. Yet where can this reasonable demand be met at present? Not in India, and perhaps not in most other places in the world—developing or developed. A doctor with a special interest usually means a neurologist (but it could be a geriatrician or a general practitioner), and given the shortage of neurologists in most countries including the United Kingdom this demand is unlikely to be met till the shortage is addressed.2 w1 w2 Moreover, neurologists on their own are perhaps not suited to look after people with Parkinson's disease, and these patients need to be looked after by multidisciplinary teams, keeping in mind the needs of patients as identified by patients and doctors. This charter could easily be applicable to other chronic neurological disorders too.

Although the number of incident cases of Parkinson's disease is relatively small (20 per 100 000 per year) the prevalence of the disorder …
Characterisation of interferon alfa-2a and pegylated interferon alfa-2A in combination with ribavirin, mycophenolic acid or VX-497 as inhibitors of HCV replicon replication
Authors: T.C.I. Wilkinson, C. Laxton, E. Hobbs, R. Bartenschlager, M. Graves, R. Devos, I. Najera
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Military Psychiatry and the Viet Nam Experience
Authors: PETER G. BOURNE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

While the incidence of psychiatric casualties in Viet Nam has remained surprisingly low, the experience has allowed the correlates of psychiatric attrition in combat to be further defined, and for the first time the physiological responses of those who have successfully adapted to combat have also been studied. These represent important advances in our overall understanding of man under stress and have significant implications for civilian psychiatry.
Sickle-cell Trait in Western Nigeria
Authors: D. B. Jelliffe, J. Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1952)

The examination of " pre-Dravidian " people is being con- tinued with the hope of further defining the distribution of the sickle-cell trait in Southern India.However, the main purpose of the investigation has been achieved since the results lend support to the possibility of a link between pre- historic Africa and India. SummaryThe sickle-cell trait was found to be present in a number of individuals belonging to three aboriginal communities of Southern India.There was a low incidence of the Rh chromosome R0 (cDe).No sickle-cell-trait carrier was discovered among a control group of the non-aboriginal or "Dravidian" population.The possible anthropological significance of these findings is discussed.