tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Congenital Obstruction of the Urinary Tract
Authors: N. THOMAS SAXL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 February 1931Congenital Obstruction of the Urinary TractN. THOMAS SAXL, M. D., F. A. C. P.N. THOMAS SAXL, M. D., F. A. C. P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-8-1006 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Excerpt1. PIN HOLE MEATUS.By Pin Hole Meatus is meant a very small opening at the distal end of the urethra as it emerges from the glans penis. It is rather interesting to note that this condition seems to be more familiar to pediatricians than to those in the genitourinary field and the probable underlying reason for this is the fact that it is frequently the cause of dysuria in the male infant. Too frequently is the diagnosis overlooked and the troublesome symptoms that it causes, are wrongfully attributed to other sources.Etiology: The stenosis is always restricted to the...References1 BUGBEEWOLLSTEIN HGM: J. Urol., 10:477 (Dec.) 1923. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2 LANGENBECH CJ: Stahel; 1802, XXVI., 71 p. 6 pl. 41. Google Scholar3 VELPEAU : Paris, Jr. B. Bailliere, 1832, 3 V. 8°, Atlas 4°. Google Scholar4 GUTHRIE GJ BURGESSHILL London, : 1834, 1 L. 284 p. 3 col. pl. 80. Google Scholar5 EIGENBRODT : Beitr. z. klin. Chir., 8:1711, 1891-1892. Google Scholar6 KNOXSPRUNT JHTB: Congenital Obstruction of the Posterior Urethra, Am. Jour. Dis. Child., 4:137 (Sept.) 1912. Google Scholar7 YOUNG HH: Practice of Urology, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 2:93, 1926. Google Scholar8 HINMANKUTZMANN FAA: Jour. Urol., 14:71 Aug. 1925. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9 BAZY LV: Paris, C. Laud. 1903, 22 p. 8°, Extrait La Presse Medicale, Mar. 7, 1903. Google Scholar10 WATSON EM: 11 p. 120, Repr. Med. Rec. Oct. 6, 1917, also Repr. Trans. Sec. Urol. A. M. A., 1921. Google Scholar11 IVERSENKJBENHAVER AGE: Gad., 1876, 155 p. 8°. Google Scholar12 DAY RV: Los Angeles, Vivian, Charles S., Phoenix, Ariz.: Congenital Obstructions in the Posterior Urethra, Sec. Urology, A. M. A., 1927. Google Scholar13 CAMPBELLLYTTLLE MFJD: Ureteral Obstruction in infancy, Jour. A. M. A., Vol. 92, No. 7, Feb. 16, 1929, p. 544. CrossrefGoogle Scholar14 LLOYD EI: Treatment of Congenital Stenosis of the Urinary Meatus, The Lancet, Dec. 10, 1927. Google Scholar15 PUGH WS: Urinary Obstruction, Surgical Clinics of North America, P. 283, April, 1928 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: N. THOMAS SAXL, M. D., F. A. C. P.Affiliations: New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1931Volume 4, Issue 8Page: 1006-1013KeywordsEtiologyInfantsPenisStenosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
Doctors urge WHO not to be swayed by tobacco industry in regulating e-cigarettes
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A group of 129 public health doctors have written to the head of the World Health Organization, urging her to stick to the evidence when deciding how to regulate electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and to resist attempts by manufacturers to align themselves as “partners” in reducing the harm from tobacco.1

The letter to Margaret Chan, director general of WHO, warned that manufacturers of e-cigarettes “are making a range of false and unproven claims, misleading the public into thinking these products are harmless (they are not) and effective cessation aids (unknown).” It added that most people who used e-cigarettes continued to smoke cigarettes and that evidence showed that these people were unlikely to benefit …
NICE accuses drug companies of withholding data
Authors: K. Burke
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Drug companies have successfully withheld important data from investigations carried out by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) because the institute has no powers of inspection, the parliamentary health committee inquiry heard last week.

The institute's chief executive, Andrew Dillon, told MPs that drug companies have refused to disclose the patient-level data needed to calculate how cost effective interferon beta is for treating multiple sclerosis.

“Their reasons were that it was confidential information that would breach the agreement they had with these patients and that it wasn't relevant,” said Mr Dillon during the third hearing of the committee's inquiry into NICE.

Two experts—Sheila Bird, a Cambridge biostatistician and a member of the institute's appraisal committee, and Iain Chalmers, director of the Cochrane Centre—have both written to the select committee expressing their concern that …
Nodular localized primary cutaneous amyloidosis: a long-term follow-up study
Authors: A. Woollons, M.M. Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

We present long-term follow-up data on patients with nodular localized primary cutaneous amyloidosis (NLPCA) seen at the St John's Institute of Dermatology between 1968 and 1999. This is the largest clinical follow-up study of this type of amyloid to date. Based on these cases we estimate the rate of progression of NLPCA to systemic amyloidosis to be only 7%, much lower than the 50% rate currently quoted in the literature.
The next generation: fluoroquinolones in the management of acute lower respiratory infection in adults
Authors: P. J Moss
Journal: Thorax (2000)

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are the leading infectious cause of death in most developed countries; community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) are responsible for the bulk of the adult morbidity. Until recently quinolone antibiotics were not recommended for the routine treatment of these infections.1-3 Neither ciprofloxacin nor ofloxacin have adequate activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro, and life threatening invasive pneumococcal disease has been reported in patients treated for respiratory tract infections with these drugs.4-6 The development of new fluoroquinolone agents with increased activity against Gram positive organisms, combined with concerns about increasing microbial resistance to β-lactam agents, has prompted a re-evaluation of the use of quinolones in LRTI. Sparfloxacin and levofloxacin are now approved for the treatment of community acquired LRTIs in the UK (grepafloxin, which was also approved for this indication, has recently been withdrawn from the market). It is important to define the role of these drugs in the treatment of CAP and AECB.

The most common cause of CAP worldwide is S pneumoniae which accounts for 60–75% of pathogens isolated.7-9 Other less common causes include Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila . Any agent used for the empirical treatment of CAP must cover S pneumoniae , and preferably these other organisms as well, especially in severe disease. In AECB the role of bacterial pathogens is less clearly defined; Haemophilus influenzae , S pneumoniae , and Moraxella catarrhalis are most frequently associated. Several of the newer quinolones have MIC90values for S pneumoniae that are significantly lower than those reported for ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, …
Surgical Therapy in Pulmonary Insufficiency.
Authors: Watts R. Webb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965Surgical Therapy in Pulmonary Insufficiency.Watts R. Webb, M.D.Watts R. Webb, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-920_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSurgery at present has much to offer a few selected patients with pulmonary insufficiency, but, hopefully, has the potential of much greater benefits in the near future.Bronchial, lung, and mediastinal biopsies have their place in making a definitive diagnosis in diffuse pulmonary lesions. Representative examples of their use and an evaluation of each will be presented.Resectional therapy is of value for large cysts or air trapping lobes that cause respiratory insufficiency because of their enlarging bulk. This is of benefit, however, only if compression rather than the often associated, generalized bronchial obstruction is the significant factor. Sympathetic nerve... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dallas, Texas PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 920-920KeywordsBiopsyForecastingLesionsLungsNervesRespiratory failureSurgery Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Risk-Related Health Insurance-Reply
Authors: Donald W. Light
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Natale's thoughtful letter addresses an important issue that I was unable to address due to space limitations. Let me raise some practical issues that Natale and other readers may wish to consider. First, how good is the evidence that higher premiums for smokers get them to stop, or that higher premiums deter people about to start smoking from doing so? How good is the evidence on other health behaviors, or on other disincentives such as higher deductibles? If the evidence is not persuasive, then there is no justification for charging more, except to take in more money. Secondly, even if the evidence is weak, there is another major argument, namely that people who choose higher-risk behaviors should pay for their correspondingly higher medical expenses. The question then is, how accurately do the higher premiums or deductibles reflect higher costs for that insurance year? How many subclasses would
Revisiting Rates of Reactivation Tuberculosis
Authors: C. Robert Horsburgh, Max O'Donnell, Sandra Chamblee, Janet L. Moreland, Johnny Johnson, Bryan J. Marsh, Masahiro Narita, Linda Scoles Johnson, C. Fordham von Reyn
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Reactivation tuberculosis (TB) occurs as a result of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI), and was reported to occur in the United States at a rate of 0.10 to 0.16 cases per 100 person-years in the 1950s; it has not been measured since.Objectives: To calculate the rate of reactivation TB in a U.S. community.Methods: A population-based tuberculin skin test survey for LTBI was performed in western Palm Beach County, Florida, from 1998 to 2000 along with a cluster analysis of TB case isolates in the same area from 1997 to 2001. Reactivation (unclustered) TB was presumed to have arisen from the population with LTBI.Measurements and Main Results: The rate of reactivation TB among persons with LTBI without HIV infection was 0.040 cases per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.024–0.067) using the n method and 0.058 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI, 0.038–0.089) using the n-1 method. HIV infection was the strongest risk factor for reactivation (rate ratio [RR], 57; 95% CI, 27–120; P < 0.001). Among persons without HIV infection, reactivation was increased among those older than 50 years (RR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.3–11) and among those born in the United States (RR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1–9.3).Conclusions: Rates of reactivation TB in this area have declined substantially since the 1950s. The greatest part of this decline may be attributed to the disappearance of old, healed TB in the population. If similar declines are seen in other areas of the United States, the cost-effectiveness of screening and treatment of LTBI may be substantially less than previously estimated.
Make defeating cancer a "national priority" says US progress report
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The progress made in understanding the biology of cancer over the past 40 years, particularly in genetics and personalised medicine, will fail to translate into improvements in patient survival unless the US government continues to invest in publicly funded research, leading scientists and doctors argue in a report.

The American Association for Cancer Research’s report is calling on Congress to provide the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) with sustained budget increases of at least 5% above the biomedical inflation rate, which measures cost increases in health and related expenditure and is currently 14% per year.

The association’s first report on progress in cancer research tracks scientific and clinical developments over the past 40 years since the National Cancer Act was introduced. The US legislation signalled the start of major investment in publicly funded …
Structural basis for modulation of Kv4 K+ channels by auxiliary KChIP subunits
Authors: Huayi Wang, Yan Yan, Qun Liu, Yanhua Huang, Yue Shen, Linjie Chen, Yi Chen, Qiuyue Yang, Quan Hao, KeWei Wang, Jijie Chai
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2006)
Gastroscopic Removal of a Phytobezoar Formed in a Patient with Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: E.B. Tsianos, A.A. Drosos
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

An unusual case of a phytobezoar encountered in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease, is presented. Removal was accomplished in three days by liquid diet, gastric lavage and disruption of the bezoar with gastroscopic suction.
Knock-in of a FLT3/ITD mutation cooperates with a NUP98-HOXD13 fusion to generate acute myeloid leukemia in a mouse model
Authors: Sarah Greenblatt, Li Li, Christopher Slape, Bao Nguyen, Rachel Novak, Amy Duffield, David Huso, Stephen Desiderio, Michael J. Borowitz, Peter Aplan, Donald Small
Journal: Blood (2012)
Assessment of Left Atrial Appendage Function before and after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Transesophageal Echocardiography Study
Authors: Tahir Durmaz, Cenk Sarı, Telat Keleş, Serdal Baştuğ, Murat Akçay, Emine Bilen, Nihal Akar Bayram, Hüseyin Ayhan, Abdullah Nabi Aslan, Ömer Faruk Çiçek, Mehmet Burak Özen, Haci Ahmet Kasapkara, Engin Bozkurt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Editorial: assessment of myocardial contractility in man
Authors: D J SHERIDAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Journal Article Editorial: assessment of myocardial contractility in man Get access D J SHERIDAN D J SHERIDAN From the Department of Cardiology, St Mary's Hospital Medical School. London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 21, Issue 9, September 1987, Pages 623–624, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/21.9.623 Published: 01 September 1987
Abstract 1084: Triple-negative breast cancer displays a unique subset of macrophages dependent on CCL5 signaling
Authors: Daniel C. Rabe, Casey Frankenberger, Russell Bainer, Yoav Gilad, Marsha Rich Rosner
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer. While five-year survival rates have reached 98% in patients treated with anti-ER or anti-HER2 therapies, patients with TNBC have a five-year survival rate of only 24%. Currently, the only form of therapy for these patients is surgery and platinum based chemotherapy. However, patient outcome is generally poor. Additionally, this disease disproportionately affects African-American women and lower income women, with rates seen approximately three times higher in African-American women compared to the rest of the population. An alternative strategy for treating TNBC patients involves targeting the tumor stroma. Here we have used an RNA sequencing approach that utilizes species information to precisely resolve tumor- and stroma-specific gene expression in a xenograft system. We employed a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model in which primary tumor invasiveness is controlled by the metastasis suppressor Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP). RKIP expression, which converts invasive tumors to noninvasive tumors, dramatically inhibits macrophage infiltration. The mechanism, which is dependent on Let-7 suppression of HMGA2, involves decreased expression of the chemokine CCL5. Furthermore, overexpression of CCL5 partially rescued the infiltration of macrophages into the tumor and intravasation of tumor cells into the blood stream. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to characterize the TNBC-infiltrating macrophages. Together, these studies identify targetable pathways involving tumor-macrophage crosstalk that potentiate TNBC cell invasion and metastasis. Citation Format: Daniel C. Rabe, Casey Frankenberger, Russell Bainer, Yoav Gilad, Marsha Rich Rosner. Triple-negative breast cancer displays a unique subset of macrophages dependent on CCL5 signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1084. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1084
Abstract 3153: <i>H. pylori infection enhances the degradation of Drosha through regulating its acetylation-ubiquitination switches</i>
Authors: Xiaoli Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract microRNAs are a class of short non-protein coding RNAs with length of ∼22nt which play important regulatory roles in the cell functions by inhibiting their target protein expression. The biogenesis of microRNAs is a multistep process which is initiated in the nucleus by the RNase III enzyme Drosha. Our previous work and the work from others showed that Drosha protein level affected the biogenesis of microRNAs. Accumulating evidence shows that overall microRNA levels in the stomachs of H. pylori-infected patients are decreased and that this may relate to the promotion of gastric cancer by this bacterium. But the underlying mechanisms largely remain unknown. Here we show that H. pylori infection enhances the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway of Drosha degradation which is constitutively active in cells. Of the microRNA regulatory proteins, Drosha is more sensitive to ubiquitin-proteasome pathway-induced degradation than Dicer, DGCR8 or exportin-5. Activated ubiquitin molecules are ligated to the N-terminal lysines of Drosha leading to its degradation. There are 13 lysine residues on the N-terminus of Drosha. Truncation or site-directed mutagenesis showed multiple lysines involved in the ubiquitination-induced degradation of Drosha. Those lysine residues are also the acetylation sites by multiple acetyl transferases such as p300, CBP. Acetylation of Drosha on those N-terminal lysine sites prevents Drosha from ubiquitination and thereby prevents its degradation. Our data indicate that H. pylori infection enhances the degradation of Drosha through regulating the acetylation-ubiquitination switches on Drosha. Our findings provide a potential therapeutic target for mitigating the effects of H.pylori infection, including gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3153. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3153
David Hosack and the Duel
Authors: Edward E. Harnagel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

IN every age there are those who stand out above their contemporaries. Dr. David Hosack was one of these. Practitioner of medicine, lecturer and teacher, biographer and essayist, botanist and geologist, as well as staunch supporter of numerous humanitarian and cultural endeavors, he did many things and did them well.Born in New York City in 1769, he obtained his undergraduate education in private academies and at Columbia and Princeton colleges. In 1789 he enrolled in lecture courses in physic, surgery and mid-wifery offered by Drs. Post, Romayne and Samuel Bard and also attended the practice of physic and surgery . . .
Science Reporting to Alarm the Public
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Scientists and nonscientists alike now generally accept the hypothesis that many cancers are caused by agents such as radiant energy and chemicals that are released into the environment without prior testing of the risk they pose for man. Unfortunately, the news media have taken advantage of this awareness by sounding alarums and heightening public anxiety whenever evidence, no matter how tenuous or unconfirmed, is presented linking a commonly available substance with cancer. Some writers have referred to this as "the sky is falling" or the "Chicken Little" phenomenon. Allegations against artificial sweeteners, atomic energy plants, food colorings and preservatives, pharmaceutical products, and industrial chemicals are made almost daily and keep the public in a state of fear that borders on hysteria. Tests that form the basis of these reports are often conducted with dosages that exceed any to which man could be exposed, are administered for periods that equal the
Common sports injuries: from evidence to practice
Authors: Gavan White
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

The ability of doctors in primary care sports medicine to sift the evidence about the diagnosis and treatment of sporting injuries, identify the ‘truth’ and then implement this into clinical practice is limited by time and resources. This is especially true in rural areas or in the primary care setting where resources are sparse and specialised personnel are scarce. The primary care practitioner may be conflicted between time spent consulting and the need to sift through papers to find important new clinical practice research.

Review articles can do the hard work and synthesise the clinical evidence. Despite excellent reviews, the research just may not be there to help guide our clinical practice. In such times, we tend to fall back on the experience and expertise of those around us; both physically and through electronic resources and social media.

We are extremely fortunate that BJSM provides everything from research articles, review articles, editorials, consensus statements, through to podcasts, blogs and videos. Rural general practitioners and …
"NEEDED IMPROVEMENTS IN GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION"
Authors: William D. Cutter
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, November 24, under the title, "Needed Improvements in Graduate Medical Education," appears a statement of the position of the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals in relation to graduate medical instruction. Such an announcement makes timely, and in fact invites, comment. It must be borne in mind that graduate medical education is not and cannot be compulsory; that the physician, once he has obtained his license, may legally practice any branch of medicine, subject only to dictates of his conscience and his fear of malpractice suits; and that if he is to improve himself through further study, such opportunities must be offered to him as he will, himself, freely elect, even though an all-wise providence might prescribe differently. Just the reverse has been true of the process of standardization of undergraduate medical teaching. The Council, together with other similar agencies, had only to persuade