tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of Family History of Diabetes on Incidence and Prevalence of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of the Adult
Authors: Sofia Carlsson, Kristian Midthjell, Valdemar Grill
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between family history of diabetes (FHD) and prevalence and incidence of latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult (LADA), type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.The results were based on cross-sectional data from 64,498 men and women (aged >or=20 years) who were in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, which included 128 cases of LADA, 1,134 cases of type 2 diabetes, and 123 cases of type 1 diabetes. In addition, prospective data on 46,210 subjects, which included 80 incident cases of LADA, observed between 1984 and 1986 and 1995 and 1997 were available. Patients with LADA had antibodies against GAD and were insulin independent at diagnosis.FHD was associated with a four times (odds ratio [OR] 3.92 [95% CI 2.76-5.58]) increased prevalence of LADA. Corresponding estimates for type 2 and type 1 diabetes were 4.2 (3.72-4.75) and 2.78 (1.89-4.10), respectively. Patients with LADA who had FHD had lower levels of C-peptide (541 vs. 715 pmol/l) and were more often treated with insulin (47 vs. 31%) than patients without FHD. Prospective data indicated that subjects with siblings who had diabetes had a 2.5 (1.39-4.51) times increased risk of developing LADA during the 11-year follow-up compared with those without.This study indicates that FHD is a strong risk factor for LADA and that the influence of family history may be mediated through a heritable reduction of insulin secretion.
Marathon Running After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Thomas J. Bassler
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As if in answer to Bruce's editorial question (229:1637, 1974), "has any patient submitted to surgical revascularization done as well?" (ie, completed a 42-km run), two cardiac patients have subsequently done so! These two patients were official entrants in the marathon runs in Santa Barbara, Calif, on Oct 13, and in Honolulu on Dec 15,1974. One patient had undergone triple-bypass surgery. The other had had his internal mammary artery anastomosed to one coronary vessel. Both continue to enjoy their new hobby of distance running. Both of these marathons were part of a regular meeting of the American Medical Joggers Association (AMJA), which uses distance running to improve the life-style of physicians and patients. The 42-km run is used because AMJA<i>has been unable to substantiate a single ischemic heart disease death among marathon finishers of any age</i>. Although longevity studies have a while to run, we remain
Strict Adherence to Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) is Associated with Decreased Serum IgE Levels and Decreased Viral Loads Among HIV-1+ Asthmatic Women
Authors: V KAUSHIK, I KALAMPOKIS, P BROWN, A FINKIELSTEIN, S CHICE, S HOLMAN, H MINKOFF, H DURKIN, M NOWAKOWSKI
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Alterations in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport in the postischemic "stunned" myocardium.
Authors: S M Krause, W E Jacobus, L C Becker
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

This study examined the possibility that the postischemic mechanical depression observed in the "stunned" myocardium is a result of an alteration in the control of intracellular calcium. Regional myocardial stunning was produced in five open-chest dogs by eight to twelve 5-minute occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery, alternated with 10-minute reflow periods and followed by a final 60-minute period of reperfusion. Systolic segment shortening in the postischemic zone, measured by sonomicrometry, fell from 14.9% at baseline to -1.1% at the end of reperfusion. Sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from stunned myocardium demonstrated a 17% reduction in oxalate-supported 45Ca2+ transport compared with sarcoplasmic reticulum from normal myocardium (0.93 vs. 1.12 mumol Ca2+/mg protein/min, p less than 0.005). There was also a 20% decrease in the maximal activation by Ca2+ of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase (2.46 vs. 1.96 mumol Pi/mg protein/min, p less than 0.005), and a downward shift in the Ca2+-activation curve of the Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase. These results indicate that myocardial stunning is associated with damage to the calcium-transport system of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Altered intracellular control may contribute to the inability of the stunned heart to maintain normal mechanical function.
Measuring the social impact of research
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The main aim of health research is to improve the health of people. Yet the performance of researchers tends to be measured by the scientific quality of their research rather than by its impact on health. This is unsatisfactory, even nonsensical, so a committee of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences is trying to devise a way of measuring the social impact of applied health research. Its first report was discussed at a recent meeting in Amsterdam,1 and the academy now plans to experiment with methods of measuring social impact.

In an ideal world all research would be of high quality and have considerable social impact by improving health. But in the real world scientific quality and social impact do not always go together. Quality to scientists tends to mean originality of subject, thought, and method. Much research that scientists judge of high quality …
28 EMTRICITABINE/TENOFOVIR DF COMBINATION +/− HBIG POST-ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION TO PREVENT HEPATITIS B RECURRENCE IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL TO MODERATE RENAL IMPAIRMENT: INTERIM RESULTS
Authors: L. Teperman, J. Spivey, F. Poordad, T. Schiano, N. Bzowej, S. Pungpapong, P. Martin, D. Coombs, K.R. Hirsch, J. Anderson, F. Rousseau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VALVULAR CALCIFICATIONS AND PLAQUE MORPHOLOGY IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A VIRTUAL HISTOLOGY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND STUDY
Authors: Nagendra Boopathy Senguttuvan, Sang-Wook Kim, Gary Mintz, Sundeep Mishra, Wang S. Lee, Jee-Eun Kwon, Sung H. Hyun, Hyang Kyung Kim, Jae S. Seo, Ju W. Seok, Eun Y. Kim, Joon H. Hong, Kwang J. Lee, Chee J. Kim, Tae H. Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
TCT-564 Carotid Artery Stenting In Patients With Contra-lateral Stenosis Or Occlusion. A Single Center Experience Of More Than 1100 Cases
Authors: Jürgen Kammler, Alexander Kypta, Klaus Kerschner, Michael Grund, Thomas Lambert, Karim Saleh, Simon Hönig, Hermann Blessberger, Clemens Steinwender
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Notch-3 and Notch-4 signaling rescue from apoptosis human B-ALL cells in contact with human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Armel Hervé Nwabo Kamdje, Federico Mosna, Francesco Bifari, Veronica Lisi, Giulio Bassi, Giorgio Malpeli, Mario Ricciardi, Omar Perbellini, Maria Teresa Scupoli, Giovanni Pizzolo, Mauro Krampera
Journal: Blood (2011)
Separate cytotoxic T lymphocyte subsets recognize the different H-2 specificities.
Authors: A Vazquez, C Néauport-Sautès, A Senik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Using a monolayer adsorption technique, the fine specificity of cytotoxic effector T lymphocytes (CTL) generated against allogeneic or semi-allogeneic H-2 haplotypes was investigated. The results show that: (a) CTL reacting with the private specificity expressed on an H-2.K molecule can be separated from those reacting with the public specificities expressed on the same molecule and (b) the CTL that recognize cross-reacting H-2 determinants (public specificities) can also be separated into several subpopulations. These data support the hypothesis that an allogeneic stimulation induces a large number of independent T cell clones that react with H-2 determinants.
936. Vascular Tropism of Lentiviral Vectors Using Bunyaviral-Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vectors
Authors: James R. Gilbert, Zhong Qian, Jody R. Arsenault, Jennifer E. Aquirre, Julio A. Lemos, Frank Park
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Restenosis is a pathophysiological condition characterized by neo-intimal hyperplasia and constrictive remodeling of the vasculature in response to endovascular interventions, such as balloon angioplasty. In the United States, nearly 800,000 patients undergo balloon angioplasty each year, but a high failure rate is associated with the procedure with 30-40% of the patients experiencing restenosis within 6 months of surgery.
Drug Addiction — Health and Safety in the Factory — A Weekly Medical Newspaper
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE problem of addiction to drugs can produce film-script drama with themes varying from the discovery of illicit opium and heroin on board a British cruiser in the Pacific to the conviction of a pharmacist in Cambridge for selling amphetamine (Benzedrine) tablets to undergraduates.The first incident vividly emphasizes the size of the international drug-trafficking problem, and the second is a reminder of the apparent need of large sections of the community to indulge alternately in pep pills and tranquilizers to combat the strain of modern life.Last year a committee under the chairmanship of Lord Brain concluded that the . . .
857 FOUR-COMPARTMENT 3DPERFUSION BIOREACTOR CULTURE SYSTEM ENHANCES HEPATIC MATURATION ON HUMAN FETAL HEPATOCYTES
Authors: A. Ring, J. Gerlach, G. Peters, B. Pazin, C. Minervini, F. Triolo, B. Gridelli, T. Miki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Modulation of Sympathetic Coronary Vasoconstriction by Cardiac Renin-Angiotensin System in Human Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Antonio Saino, Guido Pomidossi, Rodolfo Perondi, Alberto Morganti, Lucia Turolo, Giuseppe Mancia
Journal: Circulation (2000)

In humans, angiotensin II enhances the sympathetic coronary vasoconstriction elicited by the cold pressor test (CPT) and diving. Whether this enhancement depends on the circulating angiotensin II or on the locally produced angiotensin II is unknown, however.We addressed this issue in 14 patients with severe coronary artery disease by evaluating the effects of a 2-minute CPT (n=14) and a 30-second dive (n=8) on mean arterial pressure (MAP, arterial catheter), heart rate (ECG), coronary sinus blood flow (CBF, thermodilution technique), and coronary vascular resistance (MAP/CBF ratio). The 2 stimuli were applied at the end of left intracoronary infusion of either saline or benazeprilat diluted at the concentration of 25 microgram/mL. The rate of benazeprilat infusion had been preliminarily demonstrated to reduce angiotensin II concentration in the coronary sinus without affecting its arterial concentration. The changes in MAP and heart rate induced by CPT and diving were superimposable during saline and benazeprilat infusions. The decrease in CBF induced by CPT and diving during saline infusion was changed into an increase during benazeprilat infusion with a significant attenuation of the coronary vasoconstrictor response.In patients with coronary artery disease, an attenuation of sympathetic coronary vasoconstriction can be obtained by reducing cardiac angiotensin II formation without involving circulating angiotensin II. This suggests a role of the tissue renin-angiotensin system in modulating autonomic cardiac drive in humans.
Manchester United induced addisonian crisis
Authors: A. Choudhry, C. Marchi, W. Stephens
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Akbar Choudhry and colleagues describe a diagnostic challenge

Towards the end of 2010 a 58 year old woman reported a significant deterioration in her exercise tolerance. Previously she had enjoyed excellent health and participated in high intensity training for extended periods. Within three months even leisurely walks on flat terrain resulted in severe fatigue and intermittent chest discomfort. She was referred for cardiological assessment, which included dobutamine stress echocardiography and coronary angiography. Reversible ischaemia in the territory of the left anterior descending artery was managed medically but with poor symptomatic response.

A multitude of new symptoms, including poor concentration, poor quality of sleep, visual blurring, and progressing fatigue, together with a persistent hyponatraemia (serum sodium level 120-125 mmol/L, normal range 135-145 mmol/L) led to endocrinology referral.

A diagnosis of autoimmune mediated Addison’s disease was established on the basis of an absent serum cortisol response to synacthen stimulation, increased plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone level (509 ng/L, normal range 0-46 ng/L), undetectable plasma aldosterone with increased plasma …
Use of calcium ionophores to determine the effects of intracellular calcium on the action potential of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers.
Authors: J M Gelles
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The effects of calcium ionophores X-537A, A23187, and PR-47 on the action potential of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers were studied using standard microelectrode techniques. The ionophores hyperpolarize the membrane potential, eliminate the notch on the action potential plateau, decrease action potential duration, decrease plateau amplitude and duration, decrease spontaneous diastolic depolarization and excitability, and decrease the rate effect on action potential duration. These effects were shown to be independent of catecholamines, membrane-bound calcium, and the patency of the slow inward current channel. The effects of the ionophores depended on the presence of calcium in the external solution. A plausible interpretation of the data is that an ionophore-mediated increase in intracellular calcium shifts the voltage dependence of transmembrane potassium currents to more negative levels.
Beclomethasone inhalation decreases serum osteocalcin concentrations.
Authors: E M Pouw, M F Prummel, H Oosting, C M Roos, E Endert
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Results of multiple choice paper and practical examination Percentage (No) performing to acceptable standard (¢60% in multiple choice paper) Topic 1990 1985 p V'alue Multiple choi.cepaper General topics relating to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (three questions) 73 (23) 73 0 8762 Ventilation twNo questions) 48 (15) 23 0 514 Managemcnt of ventricular fibrillation (one question) 96 (30) 33 0 0001 Mtanagement of asvstole (one question) 58 (18) 10 0 0001 Management of electromechanical dissociation (one question) 80 (25) 47 0-0086 Recognition anid management of general arrhythmia (two questions) 74 (23) Practical examination Extcrnal cardiac massage and mouth to mouth ventilation 48 (15) 55 0-5992 XVentilation with a pocket mask 10 (3) Ventilation with Ambubag 29 (9) Intubation 22 (7) 34 after 12 months.5All but one of our doctors had received training in resuscitation during their clinical attachment to the accident and emergency department, but this had been 18-24 months before their graduation.Students are encouraged to attend cardiac arrest calls in the hospital but get little opportunity to practise skills in an emergency.Regular refresher sessions should be held, but how often these should be attendedremains open to debate.We found that the doctors could not ventilate the manikin with either the Ambubag or the pocket mask; this skill seems to have been overlooked in teaching programmes and requires emphasis.Only seven house officers had adequate skills at intubation.Few could identify and use basic equip- ment, and few had any concept of the sizes of endotracheal tubes.The Resuscitation Council's guide- lines make no recommendations that medical students should be taught techniques of intubation for resuscitation, and although house officers may not be required to intubate a patient in an emergency, they should be able to identify basic equipment as they might have to help a skilled operator.I Casey WF.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a survey of standards among ulnior
Antioxidant Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Anna-Liisa Levonen, Elisa Vähäkangas, Jonna K. Koponen, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species has been implicated to play an important role in a number of cardiovascular pathologies, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and restenosis after angioplasty or venous bypass grafting. The formation of reactive oxygen species is balanced out by antioxidant defenses, and augmenting this defense by antioxidant therapies could therefore provide a potential means to treat conditions in which the formation of reactive oxygen species exceeds the capability of natural protective mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the studies in which antioxidant gene therapy has been used successfully to treat cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss the current limitations of antioxidant gene therapy and envision future therapeutic targets and methodological approaches for an improved outcome.
Male Germ-Line Cells Are at Risk Following Direct-Injection Retroviral-Mediated Gene Transfer in Utero
Authors: Christopher D. Porada, Paul J. Park, Joe Tellez, Ferhat Ozturk, Hudson A. Glimp, Graça Almeida-Porada, Esmail D. Zanjani
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The recent observation of vector sequences in the semen of men undergoing clinical gene therapy for hemophilia has highlighted the need to evaluate the risk of inadvertent germ-line transduction in a clinically relevant animal model. In the present study, we used three different approaches to investigate whether the germ line is at risk of inadvertent alteration following in utero retroviral gene transfer in the clinically relevant, random-bred sheep model. First, we conducted breeding studies. All organs from the 10 resultant offspring were devoid of proviral DNA, suggesting that the germ line had not been altered. As a second approach, we performed PCR on gradient-enriched, forensically purified sperm cells from in utero-transduced rams. The purified sperm cells from 6 of 19 of these rams were PCR positive for provirus, providing compelling evidence that the germ line had been transduced. As a third approach, we performed immunohistochemistry on sections of the testis from in utero-transduced sheep. Numerous somatic cells and very low levels of germ cells within the male reproductive tissues were transduced. In conclusion, our analysis on over 3 x 10(9) sperm cells suggests that the direct-injection approach employed in these studies may result in the inadvertent transduction of very low numbers of male germ cells.
Gastrointestinal cytoprotection by prostaglandins.
Authors: T A Miller, E D Jacobson
Journal: Gut (1979)

Progress report Gastrointestinal cytoprotection by prostaglandinsProstaglandins (PGs) are widely distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and affect a variety of gastrointestinal functions.The observation that PGs of the E and A series are potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion and that PGs, especially the E compounds, are released into the gastric lumen during vagal or gastrin stimulation suggests a possible physiological role for these agents as negative feedback inhibitors of gastric secretion'-8.Further, Robert's finding that prostaglandins prevent experimental ulceration from numerous causes in different laboratory animals implies a therapeutic use of PGs as anti-ulcer drugs apart from their antisecretory effects9-".This ability of PGs to protect the cells of the gastrointestinal epithelium against a variety of potentially noxious agents which otherwise have the capability of producing cellular damage and necrosis is termed 'cytoprotection'"0-12 and has been observed with all PGs tested, whether or not they possess gastric antisecretory properties.Furthermore, the dose of PG needed for cyto- protection has been shown to be much less than the antisecretory dose for several PGs possessing this latter property.These findings suggest that the cytoprotective action of PGs may be more fundamental than other gastrointestinal actions.If this is true, the potential clinical implications of cytoprotection are far-reaching.Are prostaglandins indeed cytoprotective ?Available evidence suggests that they are.The purpose of this discussion is to review the evidence, examine possible mechanisms for this proposed cytoprotective action of PGs, and suggest clinical situations in which such protection might prove beneficial.Other gastrointestinal actions of PGs, reviewed extensively elsewhere,1012-14 will be discussed only as they relate to cytoprotection. Evidence for cytoprotection INTESTINAL PROTECTIONIn recent years a number of nonsteroidal drugs with anti-inflammatory properties have found increasing use in the treatment of clinical disorders ranging from headache to severe arthritis.Among these drugs are such medications as indomethacin and ibuprofen which share the pharmacological properties of the older drugs, aspirin and phenylbutazone.A small but consistent percentage of patients receiving these agents develop gastrointestinal intolerance which may be manifest merely as nausea and upper abdominal discomfort or result in gastritis, duodenitis, or frank ulcerations associated with bleeding15-17.This intolerance to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compounds (NOSAC) occurs not only in man but also in a variety of animals in which frank 75 on July 28, 2023 by guest.
Mitigation of hematologic radiation toxicity in mice through pharmacological quiescence induced by CDK4/6 inhibition
Authors: Søren M. Johnson, Chad D. Torrice, Jessica F. Bell, Kimberly B. Monahan, Qi Jiang, Yong Wang, Matthew R. Ramsey, Jian Jin, Kwok-Kin Wong, Lishan Su, Daohong Zhou, Norman E. Sharpless
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Total body irradiation (TBI) can induce lethal myelosuppression, due to the sensitivity of proliferating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to ionizing radiation (IR). No effective therapy exists to mitigate the hematologic toxicities of TBI. Here, using selective and structurally distinct small molecule inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6, we have demonstrated that selective cellular quiescence increases radioresistance of human cell lines in vitro and mice in vivo. Cell lines dependent on CDK4/6 were resistant to IR and other DNA-damaging agents when treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors. In contrast, CDK4/6 inhibitors did not protect cell lines that proliferated independently of CDK4/6 activity. Treatment of wild-type mice with CDK4/6 inhibitors induced reversible pharmacological quiescence (PQ) of early HSPCs but not most other cycling cells in the bone marrow or other tissues. Selective PQ of HSPCs decreased the hematopoietic toxicity of TBI, even when the CDK4/6 inhibitor was administered several hours after TBI. Moreover, PQ at the time of administration of therapeutic IR to mice harboring autochthonous cancers reduced treatment toxicity without compromising the therapeutic tumor response. These results demonstrate an effective method to mitigate the hematopoietic toxicity of IR in mammals, which may be potentially useful after radiological disaster or as an adjuvant to anticancer therapy.
National Policies for Medical Licensure through the Federation of State Medical Boards
Authors: Henry G. Cramblett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB), founded in 1912, is a voluntary, nonprofit agency composed of 62 licensing authorities (the medical boards of the 50 states and 12 other authorities). The Federation has strived since its founding to advance the quality and uniformity of regulations and procedures for medical licensure and for ensuring the continuing competence of those who are licensed to practice medicine. Although the qualifications for licensure that are used by the various states and territories vary, they all include three general requirements: the high moral and ethical character of the candidate, the successful completion of a . . .