tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17789: Three-dimensional 123I-Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I mIBG) Cardiac Innervation Maps to Guide Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia - A Novel Paradigm Introducing Innervation Imaging in Ablation Therapy
Authors: Tommas Klein, Mohammed S Abdulghani, Ramazan Asoglu, Rui Huang, Mark Smith, Benjamin Remo, Aharon Turgeman, Olurotimi Mesubi, Sunjeet Sidhu, Anastosios Saliaris, Vincent See, Stephen Shorofsky, Wegen Chen, Vasken Dilsizian, Timm Dickfeld
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Cardiac innervation is a critical component of cardiac arrhythmogenesis, but regional sympathetic innervation has not assessed to possibly guide VT ablations. Methods: 15 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent cardiac 123I mIBG imaging prior to VT ablation. Short axis 4h-delayed SPECT images were used to create 3D innervation maps, which were registered to high-density voltage maps. Areas of regional denervation identified by two expert readers were compared to voltage-defined scar (<0.5 mV bipolar, <5.8 mV unipolar) or border zone (BZ, <1.5 mV bipolar) and successful ablation sites. Results: 3D innervation maps demonstrated areas of complete denervation and 123I mIBG BZ in all patients. Denervated areas were 2.8 times larger than bipolar scar (26.9 ± 9.7% vs. 10.9 ± 8.8%, p<0.001). BZ of 123I mIBG denervation was non-significantly smaller than bipolar-defined BZ (12.3 ± 5.9% vs. 16.3 ± 6.4%, p=1.01). Similarly, in segmental analysis, denervation was seen in 9.5 ± 1.5 segments of th...
Asthma in Danish General Practice
Authors: Poul A. Pedersen, Eva Rung Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1981)

This study from Danish general practice with the participation of 131 practices covering a population of 450, 000 persons assesses all consultations concerning asthma during a 1‐year period from June 1977. Asthma was defined as paroxysmal bouts of dyspnoea of an expiratory type. Results are presented from three groups of practices differing in their self‐estimated rate of reporting. A total of seven to nine per 1000 of the population contacted a general practice during the study year (men: 7–10, women: 6–8). The prevalence may be described by a two‐peaked curve with maxima at ages 5–14 years and 50–70 years. In the former group the prevalence rate among boys is double that of girls. In the latter group asthma is more common among women until the age of 55, after that age it is more common among men. More than half of the patients consulted with symptoms during the study year. The isle of Fyn had a lower prevalence rate with and without symptoms than all other regions. The consultation rate was 5.7 per asthma patient per year. In about 25–30% of these consultations patients presented with symptoms. The isle of Fyn had the lowest consultation rate.
In Memoriam: Lloyd W. Law (1910–2002)
Authors: Michael Potter
Journal: Cancer Research (2003)

Lloyd W. Law, Ph.D., died on October 28, 2002 at age 91. Dr. Law conducted important basic studies in mouse leukemia that laid the foundation for combination chemotherapy.

Dr. Law, a native of Ford City, Pennsylvania, earned his undergraduate degree in 1931 from the University of Illinois. Upon
Defining the Critical role for the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) axis in prostate cancer using genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models
Authors: Brent W. Sutherland, Norman M. Greenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4842 

The purpose of these studies has been to use genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models to elucidate the molecular mechanisms whereby the IGF signaling axis contributes to the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. The rationale is based on strong epidemiological studies demonstrating that elevated serum IGF-I is associated with cancer risk and, in particular, prostate cancer risk. Indeed, in preliminary studies we demonstrated that the transformed prostate gland could produce IGF-1 and that expression of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) was reduced in metastatic lesions of intact and castrated TRAMP mice, supporting different roles for IGF-1 signaling in organ confined and disseminated disease. To further investigate the association between localized IGF-1R activity and prostate disease we generated a prostate-specific conditional IGF-1R knockout model using the Cre/LoxP strategy. Mice that express Cre recombinase in terminally differentiated prostate epithelial cells were crossed with mice carrying a LoxP modified IGF-1R allele and /or TRAMP. Using these mice we now demonstrate that (a) IGF-1R is required to maintain terminal differentiation of the prostate epithelium; (b) IGF-1R loss allows epithelial cells to proliferate; (c) proliferation following IGF-1R loss induces a cellular senescence rescue program likely regulated by p53 and (d) IGF-1R depletion or loss subsequent to malignant transformation does not inhibit but might in fact promote progression to more aggressive prostate cancer disease states. Therefore we now believe that IGF-1 action facilitates the genesis of prostate cancer by suppressing cellular senescence and apoptosis thereby allowing the epithelial cells to survive spontaneous transformation while still enforcing a strong differentiation block.
Potential new drug therapies in advanced renal cell carcinoma - an investigation of different combinatory drug regimens on the proliferation of cultured human renal cell carcinoma cells.
Authors: Claudia E. Falkensammer, Michelle L. Gumz, Leandra S. Belmonte, Shauna N. Legrand, Laura Marlow, John A. Copland
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5550 

Renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 2–3% of all malignancies. Contrary to localized disease, which often can be cured by surgery, there is no effective treatment for metastatic renal cell cancer. Due to the lack of clinically relevant antiproliferative drugs, we investigated several combinatory regimens of recently developed drugs. Using UMRC3 cells as a model for metastatic renal cell cancer, we studied the effect of monotherapy compared to that of a combination of Imatinib, 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2) and/or 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1) on cell proliferation. Due to the different mechanisms of action of these drugs - Imatinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is known to inhibit the bcr-abl fusion protein, stem-cell factor receptor c-Kit, and platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling; 2ME2, an estrogen metabolite, inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1, a key angiogenic transcription factor and stabilizes microtubules while YC-1 known as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation blocks HIF-1 - we evaluated whether an additive or even synergistic antiproliferative effect could be achieved. We identified doses for which cell proliferation is inhibited by 25%. Using these doses, we found additive inhibitory effects using a combination of Imatinib and YC-1 as well as 2ME2 and YC-1. Synergistic antiproliferative effects could be demonstrated by combining Imatinibwith 2ME2 and all three drugs. Our data indicate a greater efficacy of renal cell cancer inhibition by using combinatory drug therapies compared to a single drug application. Due to the low dosage of each drug, a lower toxicity profile could be assumed. We are currently examining the mechanism of these additive and synergistic activities in vitro and in vivo.
Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephrectomy and Other Procedures in the Upper Retroperitoneum Using a Balloon Dissection Technique
Authors: Jens J. Rassweiler, Thomas O. Henkel, Christian Stoch, Martin Greschner, Peter Becker, Glenn M. Preminger, Claude C. Schulman, Thomas Frede, Peter Alken
Journal: European Urology (1994)
737. Development of a Feline Immunodeficiency Virus-Based Lentiviral Vector for Genetic Modification of CNS Neurons
Authors: Qinshan Teng, Mary Garrity-Moses, James K. Liu, Diana Tanase, Mimoun Azzouz, Lucy Walmsley, Nicholas D. Mazarakis, Nicholas M. Boulis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Background: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I has various effects on proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neurons in the central nervous system. Neurodegenerative disease processes occurring in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and diabetic neuropathy ultimately result in motor neuron (MN) death. Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV)-based gene transfer vectors have been reported to sustain long-term gene expression in the nervous system. Pseudotyping of EIAV vectors with the rabies-G envelope protein (RabG.EIAV) has rendered EIAV vectors capable of retrograde axonal transport and access to the central nervous system after peripheral injection. This provides an attractive remote nervous system-targeting approach.
Abstract 13152: A Novel Link between Energy Expenditure, Plasma Lipid Turnover, and Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Pirkka-Pekka Laurila, Jarkko Soronen, Mariëtte Boon, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Samuli Ripatti, Patrick Rensen, Petri Kovanen, Matti Jauhiainen
Journal: Circulation (2014)

We previously showed that USF1 transcription factor was associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia in Finns. In the current study, we have conducted a detailed metabolic characterization of Usf1 in mice. We generated a congenic strain of Usf1 knockout mice, fed with high-fat diet for 5 months. The knockouts displayed both elevated cholesterol and phospholipids in their plasma HDL-fractions and lower total and VLDL-triglycerides. This was due to both enhanced TRL clearance linked to elevated LPL activity of the knockouts, and reduced hepatic VLDL secretion. The elevated HDL-C levels were associated with increased efflux capacity of HDL particles derived from Usf1-/- mice. The detailed analysis of Usf1-/- HDL composition revealed an enrichment of phospholipids, known to enhance the efflux capacity of HDL particles. The Usf1-/- mice were protected against HFD induced obesity despite being physically less active and eating more than Usf1+/+ mice. Furthermore, they were protected against insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and fatty liver. Multiplex measurements revealed a reduction in the cytokines representing vascular inflammation. While absorption of lipids was similar between Usf1-/- and Usf1+/+ mice, the Usf1-/- mice displayed elevated VO2 and VCO2, even in thermoneutral conditions, suggesting an increased metabolic rate. Analysis of post-injection organ distribution of [3H]triolein and [14C] cholesteryl oleate revealed a selective uptake of TRLs to brown adipose tissue in Usf1-/- mice, mediated by an LPL-dependent mechanism, as inhibiting LPL by tetrahydrolipstatin completely eliminated lipoprotein uptake to BAT. There was a dramatic 8-fold reduction in lipid droplet size as well as lipid content of BAT. The protein levels of mitochondrial complex II were elevated in the BAT of Usf1-/- mice. Furthermore, PET/CT measurements demonstrated an increased glucose uptake to BAT of Usf1-/- mice. Together, these findings demonstrate overall avidity of BAT to process energy substrates. Our data establish the critical role of Usf1 as a metabolic master-regulator, and demonstrate that Usf1 deficiency leads to a remarkably beneficial metabolic profile in mice. Our discoveries make USF1 appear a particularly attractive therapeutic target.
FDA Issues Warning on "All-Natural" Herbal Product Found to Contain Viagra
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Family History and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Martha L. Slattery
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of family history on the risk of developing breast cancer. <h3>Design.</h3> —A case-control study design was used. <h3>Setting.</h3> —To provide a comprehensive assessment of family history risk, we used the Utah Population Database, a linked database compiled of genealogy data of the descendants of Mormon pioneer families, cancer data from the Utah Cancer Registry, and mortality data from the Utah Department of Vital Statistics. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All women diagnosed with breast cancer who were in the genealogy database and the Utah Cancer Registry were included. Controls were women selected from the genealogy, who like cases had no record of previous cancer. They were matched to the cases by age and place of birth. <h3>Outcome.</h3> —Several definitions of family history were used. The total familial risk variable, developed to work effectively in the Utah Genealogy Database, accounts for all family members, their degree of relatedness to the case, and the amount of time they were observed for possible cancer diagnosis. <h3>Results.</h3> —A threefold increase in risk, estimated by the odds ratio (OR), of breast cancer among those with the highest family history score (6% of cases) was observed when compared with those with the lowest family history score. The OR for women with a first-degree relative with breast cancer was 2.45 (95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.84 to 3.06). If the nearest relative was a second-degree relative, the OR was 1.82 (95% Cl, 1.39 to 2.24); if the nearest relative was a third-degree relative, the OR was 1.35 (95% Cl, 1.07 to 1.64). A slightly greater risk was observed if the first-degree relative was a woman's mother (OR, 2.44; 95% Cl, 1.77 to 3.42) rather than a sister (OR, 2.01; 95% Cl, 1.66 to 2.43). Among subjects diagnosed before the age of 50 years, the disease experience of relatives prior to age 50 was most important, while for older subjects the experience of relatives of all ages was of roughly equal importance. Women who developed contralateral breast cancer within 3 years of initial diagnosis were nearly 10 times as likely as women without breast cancer to have a first-degree relative with breast cancer. Based on the risk estimates in this study, we have estimated that approximately 17% to 19% of breast cancer in the population could be attributed to family history. Women who had a first-degree relative with colon cancer had a 30% increased risk of breast cancer. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —In this study population, women with a family history of breast cancer, even if the nearest relative with breast cancer is a third-degree relative, are at increased risk of the disease. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:1563-1568)
Polymorphisms in the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene and Risk of Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Sharmila S. Boekhoorn, Aaron Isaacs, André G. Uitterlinden, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Albert Hofman, Paulus T.V.M. de Jong, Johannes R. Vingerling
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
Ultraviolet B radiation-induced production of interleukin 1α and interleukin 6 in a human squamous carcinoma cell line is wavelength-dependent and can be inhibited by pharmacological agents
Authors: None Eberlein-KÖnig, None JÄger, None Przybilla
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation induces keratinocytes to produce among others the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1 and IL-6. The wavelength dependence of this UVB effect has not yet been assessed. We evaluated the potential of different UVB wavelength regions to release cytokines from the squamous carcinoma cell line SCL II and also assessed the effect of various putative inhibitors. Confluent monolayers of the cells were irradiated with 0.5–2.0 mJ/cm2 UVB at 280, 290, 300, 310 or 320 (each ± 5) nm. In additional experiments dexamethasone (10−9–10−5 mol/L), ascorbic acid, d-α-tocopherol or indomethacin (each 10−7–10−4 mol/L) were added to the culture medium 24 h before, immediately after or combined before and after irradiation with 1 mJ/cm2 UVB at 280 ± 5 nm. Supernatants of the cell cultures were recovered at 24 h after irradiation, and IL-1α or IL-6 were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-1α and IL-6 production were induced by UVB at 280, 290 and 300 nm, the production depended on the UV dose and decreased with increasing wavelengths. Irradiation at 310 or 320 nm did not induce cytokine production up to the maximum dose used. The production of IL-1 α/IL-6 was inhibited up to 80/89% (10−7–10−6 mol/L before and after irradiation) by dexamethasone in a concentration-dependent manner and with all conditions of incubation. Release of cytokines was also suppressed by indomethacin, d-α-tocopherol or ascorbic acid, but concentration dependence was not always evident. These results show that particularly shorter UVB radiation, which is expected to increase due to stratospheric ozone depletion, induces prominent production of proinflammatory cytokines, indicating major biological effects. Different pharmacological compounds can interfere with this effect and seem worth further evaluation with regard to their clinical effects.
Assessing the clinical significance of conjunctival provocation test with standardized extracts of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in pediatric respiratory allergic disease
Authors: Dehui Chen, Guangqiao Zeng
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of conjunctival provocation test (CPT) using standardized extract of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinusin(Der P) in pediatric respiratory allergic diseases.Methods: A total of 220 children (5-15 years of age) with definite diagnosis of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis were approached from January to December, 2011. Informed consent was obtained from 100 children (45.5%; 71 boys, 7.86 ± 2.92 years of age, and 29 girls, 7.19±2.34 years). All subjects received the examinations: CPT, skin prick test (SPT), serum specific IgE to Der P(SIgE D1), pulmonary ventilation test and Bronchial provocation test(BPT), to assess the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).Results:Of the 100 children, 56 cases had positive CPT . No severe adverse events were noticed during the testing. 66 cases had positive SPT. SIgE D1 was detected in 53 cases. The rate of positive results did not differ across CPT, SPT and SIgE D1 (Χ²= 3.409,ρ> 0.05). Higher degree of positivity in CPT was associated with higher degree of positive reaction in both SPT and SIgE D1 (Γ = 0.695 and 0.587, respectively; ρ< 0.001 for both). Using SPT as the reference, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy index of CPT were 80.3%, 91.2%, 94.6%, 70.5%, and 84.0% for CPT, and 75.8%, 88.2%, 92.6%, 65.2%, and 80.0% for SIgE D1.The number of Der P extract that triggered positive CPT also correlated with the degree of AHR (Γ= 0.517,ρ< 0.001) .Conclusions: CPT could be developed as an additional tool for the diagnosis response to SPT and SIgE D1.
Abstract 4511: Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Occurs Following Percutaneous ASD Closure: An Effect of Ventricular-Arterial Compliance Mismatch?
Authors: Paul White, Stephen Hoole, Rajesh Kharbanda, Evelyn Lee, Leonard Shapiro
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Percutaneous ASD closure can result in hemodynamic compromise and pulmonary edema immediately after closure, particularly in older adults. We hypothesized that the percutaneous Amplatzer® septal occluder (ASO) device would influence LV diastolic function. Eighteen adult patients (6 male, 41±20 years) undergoing elective ASO device implantation for secundum ASD closure (Qp:Qs &gt;1.5) under general anaesthetic had LV (18 patients) and RV (11 patients) conductance catheter assessment. Load dependent (time constant of diastolic relaxation (Tau)) and independent (end-diastolic pressure volume relationship (EDPVR), effective arterial elastance (Ea) and ventricular-arterial (V-A) coupling (Ees/Ea)) indices were measured before and after closure. Following closure of the ASD with an ASO device (8 –34mm), LV Tau increased (msec: 47.7(8.2) vs. 51.4(9.6), p&lt;0.05) and there was a trend to increased LV EDPVR (1.1 (0.7) vs. 1.4 (1.1), p=0.19). The Ea increased significantly (mmHg/ml: 8.6 (5.8) vs. 10.8 (6.3), p=0.01) and V-A coupling deteriorated (Ees/Ea 0.61 (0.59) vs. 0.37 (0.18), p=0.09). RV hemodynamics remained constant. Percutaneous ASD closure causes an immediate deterioration in LV diastolic function, as a result of altered V-A coupling due to an increase in Ea. This could explain why patients develop pulmonary edema after ASD closure. Correcting Ea offers a potential therapeutic target to prevent diastolic dysfunction following ASO implantation.
Ethical Debate: Towards interagency procedures to protect victims and prevent violence
Authors: J. Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Tumour thickness:> 1 mm v s 1.00 mm 2-6( 1.8-3-8) >0-0001 > 2 mm v 1.01-2-00 mm 2.7 (2-2-3-4) <0-0001 <4mm
Objective assessment of sleep pattern and daytime sleepiness during Ramadan fasting in Muslims and non-Muslims
Authors: Ahmed BaHammam, Abdulrahman Alaseem, Abdulmajid Alzakri, Munir Sharif
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Studies using sleep diaries have shown a delay in bedtime and rise time during Ramadan. However, no objective study has assessed sleep pattern during Ramadan in a free living environment.   Objectives:  To assess the effect of Ramadan and its attendant life-style changes on: circadian changes in sleep, and energy expenditure in Muslims and non-Muslims.   Methods:  The ArmBand was used to assess the circadian changes in sleep and energy expenditure for 3 weeks, during a baseline period (BL, one week before Ramadan), the first week (R1), and the second week (R2), of Ramadan, in eight Muslims and eight non-Muslim volunteers. The ArmBand is a validated metabolic body monitoring system that records sleep and total energy expenditure. A 29-items questionnaire concerning sleep was collected as well. In addition, Optalert was used to objectively assess daytime drowsiness using the John Drowsiness Scale (JDS).   Results:  Muslims and non-Muslims were matched for age and body mass index. While the start of work has been delayed for Muslims from 7:30 Am to 10 AM, there was no change in working hours for non-Muslims. When BL, R1 and R2 were compared in Muslims, there was a significant delay in bedtime, and rise time and a significant reduction in total sleep time. No changes were documented in sleep pattern in non-Muslims. No changes in daytime sleepiness were documented in both groups using the Epworth sleepiness scale and the JDS.   Conclusion:  Changes in sleep pattern in Muslims could be related to changes in lifestyle like the changes in working hours. There is no objective evidence of increased sleepiness during fasting.