tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<sup>3</sup>H‐Histamine Release from Human Leukocytes
Authors: P. Stahl Skov, S. Norn, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1979)

A rapid, simple, and inexpensive method for large scale screening of patients suspected of type I allergy has been developed. The method is based on in vitro incorporation of 3 H‐histamine in the leukocytes of the patient, whereafter release of labelled histamine is measured after provocation of the cells with the suspected allergen. The new method was compared with the conventional basophil histamine release technique by in vitro provocation of six asthmatic patients under suspicion of type 1 allergy against animal dander, house dust, and mite, and an almost identical it‐lease of histamine was observed in both assays.
Abstract MP17: Cumulative Risks for Hypertension In Middle-Aged White and African American Men and Women
Authors: John T Wilkins, Hongyan Ning, Sunny Intwala, Donald M Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Intro: Despite the high prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and the disproportionate burden of HTN-related diseases in African Americans (AA), the long-term risks for incident HTN for AA men and women, compared with whites, are poorly described. Methods: We conducted an individual-level pooled analysis of participants from The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities and The Framingham Offspring Studies with baseline prevalence and follow-up data on HTN and medication use. HTN was defined as elevated levels and/or medication use at ≥2 consecutive exams. We quantified the long-term risk for stage I (untreated BP≥140/90 mm Hg), stage II (untreated BP≥160/100 mm Hg) and ≥ Stage I HTN or blood pressure medication use separately, using competing risk models to assess incidence from index age 55 years (y) through age 70y to 85y, adjusted for baseline prevalence and competing risks of death. Analyses were stratified by race and sex. Results: There were 11,405 White and 2,886 AA participants (55% and 64% female, respectively) included in the analysis. At index age 55y, the mean (SD) BMIs in white and AA (men/women), respectively, were 27.8(4.1)/26.9(5.6) and 28.1(5)/31.3(6.7) kg/m2. African Americans had higher baseline prevalence and higher overall long-term risks for HTN than Whites. Through age 70y, AA women had risks as high as 82.1% (95% CI: 79.2, 85.0), and white men had risks of 61.4% (95% CI: 59.5, 63.3). The overall rate of incident HTN development (over follow-up time) appears similar across groups; differences in long-term risk are attributable to substantial disparities in the prevalence of HTN by age 55y in this sample. Conclusions: Cumulative risks for HTN are very high in all groups, particularly in AA women. The earlier onset of HTN at high rates in AA men and women underscores the necessity of aggressive primordial prevention efforts early in the life course to reduce the massive population burden of HTN and HTN-related diseases.
Sleep deprivation in depression
Authors: Doongaji, VN Vahia, PD Lakdawala, Parikh, AR Singh, Shubha S Thatte, Kamal D Lotlikar
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

Ten patients diagnosed as suffering from depressive illness were treated with 2 consecutive nights of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation was effective in both types of depression viz. endoge­nous and reactive. The improvement was greater and seemed to last longer in endogenous depression as compared to reactive depression at the time of evaluation, 7 days after completion of sleep deprivation. Depressed mood, suicidal tendencies and retard­ation seemed to show the greatest improvement while insight and gastro-intestinal and somatic symptoms, improved the least.
Dietary Supplement Framework
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Publicly Reporting Quality Information—Reply
Authors: Rachel M. Werner, David A. Asch
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Economics notes: Perspectives in economic evaluation
Authors: S. Byford, J. Raftery
Journal: BMJ (1998)

This is the second in a series of occasional notes on economics

Before an economic evaluation begins, the perspective of the study should be determined, as it may have implications for trial design.1 Since economic evaluations are often used to assess the relative efficiency of alternative healthcare interventions, the perspective commonly taken is that of the health service.2 Because of its foundations in welfare economics, however, health economics is concerned with society's welfare. It therefore argues that an economic evaluation should include the impact of an intervention on the welfare of the whole of society, not just on the individuals or organisations directly involved.

Central to economic theory is the question of how to get the most benefit from the scarce resources available to a society. An economic evaluation which confined itself to the NHS's perspective could determine the mix of interventions that would maximise health outcomes within the limited NHS budget. However, this would not necessarily maximise the welfare of society within resources available (gross national …
The minimum important difference (MID) of the incremental shuttle walk (ISW) in COPD: Does baseline ISW influence estimates?
Authors: Claire M. Nolan, Jane L. Canavan, Samantha S.C. Kon, Sarah E. Jones, Michael I. Polkey, William D.-C. Man
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: The incremental shuttle walk (ISW) is a well-validated measure of exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Using a single anchor-based approach, the minimum important difference (MID) has previously been estimated at 47.5metres (m). However it is not known whether this applies also to those with low baseline exercise capacity. The aim of the study was to provide estimates of the MID for the ISW in patients with low baseline ISW.

Methods: Inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of COPD, referred for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and a baseline ISW ≤100m. 197 patients (Mean (SD) age: 71 (10) years; FEV1 45 (21)%predicted; MRC dyspnoea 4.2 (0.8); Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ) total 66 (22); ISW 57.5 (27.8)m; 4-metre gait speed (4MGS): 0.65 (0.17) m/s) completed an 8-week outpatient PR programme. Using external anchors, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and linear regression were used to provide anchor-based estimates of the MID.

Results: Mean (95% CI) improvement in ISW with PR was 49 (41 to 57)m. Change in ISW correlated significantly with change in CRQ (domains and total) and change in 4MGS, but only the relationship with 4MGS had a r>0.3 (r=0.36; p<0.0001). Using linear regression and a change in 4MGS of 0.1m/s (known MID of the 4MGS) as the external anchor, estimate of the MID for the ISW ranged from 34.8 to 73.4m. Using ROC curves, the most reliable estimate of the MID at the individual level was 40m (AUC 0.70; p<0.001)

Conclusion: The most reliable estimate of the MID of the ISW in patients with COPD with low baseline ISW is 40m and corroborates findings in unselected patients.
Abstract 14845: Targeted Delivery of Endothelial Cells Overexpressing Interleukin-8 Receptors Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Fadi G Hage, Dongqi Xing, Yuanyuan Guo, Suzanne Oparil, Yiu-Fai Chen, Paul W Sanders
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Ischemia-reperfusion acute kidney injury (AKI) damages the renal microvascular endothelium, prolonging the underperfused state of the kidney and exacerbating renal injury. Injured kidney tissue expresses large amounts of the neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin-8 (IL8) which binds to receptors (IL8RA and IL8RB) on neutrophil membranes.

Hypothesis: This study tested the hypothesis that systemic transfusion of rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) transduced with IL8 receptors (IL8RA/RB-ECs) ameliorates renal dysfunction and promotes structural recovery of the kidney following ischemia-reperfusion AKI.

Methods and Results: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to AKI by clamping the left renal artery for 45 min and removing the right kidney. At time of reperfusion, 1.5x106 IL8RA/RB-ECs or vehicle were infused in the femoral vein. At 24 hrs after AKI, serum creatinine increased ~ 7-8 fold in the vehicle treated group and then gradually decreased towards baseline (Fig). In rats that received IL8RA/RB-ECs, the rise in serum creatinine was significantly blunted (46% lower at 24 hrs and 69% lower at 72 hrs). At 6 wks after AKI, the left kidney was harvested and stained with picrosirius red for assessment of collagen area (index of fibrosis) and CD31 (capillary

density). Kidneys from rats that received IL8RA/RB-ECs showed significantly less fibrosis (2.1±0.3% vs. 8.0±2.6%) and higher capillary density (18.0±2.3 vs. 8.5±0.9, p<0.05 for both) compared to kidneys from vehicle-treated rats.

   ![][1] 

Conclusions: Using an innovative strategy of targeted delivery of ECs equipped with a homing device (IL8 receptors), ECs mimic the behavior of neutrophils and are attracted to the site of injury in order to accelerate tissue repair and preserve renal function following ischemia-reperfusion AKI. This novel approach of targeted systemic delivery of cell-based therapy for treatment of AKI is an attractive model that lends itself to future applications in humans.

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Medical treatment of asthmatic children before referral to a clinic for allergy.
Authors: P. A. østergaard, J. P. Nielsen
Journal: Allergy (1994)

The use of antiasthmatic agents in children before referral to a children's clinic for allergy was studied in two periods (1979–83 and 1988–91). In the latter period, in contrast to the former, significantly more children were treated with peroral (73 and 43%, respectively) or inhaled β2 ‐agonists (40 and 22%, respectively). In addition, considerably more children in the latter than the former period were or had been treated with inhaled steroids. On the other hand, most children used these agents either in short courses (41%) or on demand (30%). We conclude that, although there have been intensive educational programs specifically focusing on the proper use of antiasthmatic drugs during the last 10 years, still more information is needed by general practitioners.
Detection of Antigenic Differences in Isologous Host-Tumor Systems by Pretreatment with Heavily Irradiated Tumor Cells
Authors: László Révész
Journal: Cancer Research (1960)

Summary  It was confirmed that antigenic differences exist between methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas of recent origin and their isologous hosts. No similar differences were demonstrable with spontaneous carcinomas and lymphomas of recent origin, while long-transplanted lines could provoke incompatibility reactions, probably due to genetic deviations between host and tumor in the course of time.
Studies on the Mode of Action of Streptovitacin A
Authors: Charles G. Smith, William L. Lummis, Joseph E. Grady
Journal: Cancer Research (1960)

Streptovitacin A was shown to induce a lag phase in KB human epidermoid carcinoma cells which lasted approximately 24 hours. The cells then grew out at the normal rate.

At the time when KB cells overcame the streptovitacin A inhibition, cytotoxic activity was still present in the medium, and the culture was still sensitive to subsequent treatment with this agent. A possible mechanism to explain these results in presented.

The inhibition pattern of streptovitacin A on KB cells which were treated in vitro under conditions simulating those found in vivo was determined.

No reversal of streptovitacin A cytotoxicity to KB cells was observed when mixtures of purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, vitamins, amino acids, co-factors, Krebs' cycle intermediates, glucose, metals, or versene were added to the tissue culture medium.
New Combination Vaccine
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The role of temporary positive expiratory pressure (T-PEP) as respiratory physiotherapy technique for patient affected by non cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis
Authors: Mariangela Retucci, Silvia Maria Giannone, Bruno Iovene, Emanuele Giovanni Conte, Roberta Marra, Riccardo Inchingolo, Marco Scapigliati, Mariapia Torrice, Salvatore Valente, Andrea Smargiassi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Respiratory physiotherapy in patients affected by non-CF bronchiectasis has the aim of cleaning airways, aiding expectoration, improving ventilation efficacy and exercise tolerance and reducing dyspnoea. Aim of this study was to evaluate the role of T-PEP devices in addition to conventional physiotherapeutic techniques (CPT) in the management of bronchiectasis.

Methods: Patients affected by bronchiectasis underwent respiratory function tests (RFT), arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis, six minute walking test (6MWT) before and after a physiotherapy cycle (PC). Each PC consisted in being treated for 15 days with 20 minute twice-a-day T-PEP application in patients already undergoing CPT (active cycle of breathing, postural drainage and manual techniques). SGRQ, MMRC dyspnoea scale and EuroQoL-VAS (EQ) were applied to assess health-related quality of life (QoL) before and after PC. Paired T-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results: 15 patients were enrolled (8 males, 66±14 years old, BMI: 25.6±3.6 Kg/m2). After PC, distance walked in 6MWT significantly increases (99±23 vs 106±22 m, p<0.05). Similarly, ΔSpO2 during 6MWT waned (p=0.01). SGRQ (39±22 vs 31±20) and EQ (51±17 vs 67±17) significantly showed improvement of QoL (p<0.001). MMRC score significantly decreases (p=0.04). No significance differences were reported for ABG and RFT parameters.

Conclusions: The use of T-PEP as respiratory physiotherapy technique can be a useful tool for patients affected by bronchiectasis improving QoL scores and distance walked at 6MWT and reducing ΔSpO2 during 6MWT and dyspnoea.
Studying Cancer in 3 Dimensions
Authors: M J Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2003)

LIKE ACTORS ASSEMBLED TO PERform a play, hundreds of genes and proteins have been cast in cancer-related roles in the last few decades. But without a script, a narrative of how these characters interact to disrupt normal biological activities and cause a malignancy remains an unfinished story. For the drama to unfold properly, a stage—a model system—is needed that closely mimics the living environment in which cancer pathogenesis occurs. To this end, some researchers are turning to three-dimensional (3-D) cell culture systems. The reason: limitations of the traditional mainstays of cancer research, cell cultures and animal models. In conventional cell cultures, researchers can readily manipulate genes to study the genetic changes that drive the cancer process and to investigate biochemical pathways, but they can observe these effects only in a flat, twodimensional (2-D) sheet of cultured cells. Animal models give a more accurate morphological representation of tumor development, but they are considerably less amenable to large-scale genetic studies. A 3-D cell culture system, on the other hand, combines virtues of animal models and 2-D cell cultures, explains Joan Brugge, PhD, of Harvard Medical School, in Boston. As an in vitro system that allows cells to develop into structures similar to those in living organisms, 3-D models enable researchers both to perform genetic manipulations and to observe some of the biological changes the genes bring about. FROM FLAT TO FAT
Revision of the European Community for Coal and Steel Questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms
Authors: NB Pride
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

Are questionnaires as useful in 1990 as in 1960?The introduction of the British Medical Research Council (MRC) Questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms in 1960 [1] was a major advance in the investigation of the epidemiology of chronic respiratory disease.The emphasis on standardization and validation of the questions and the attempts to control observer bias [2) brought rigour to what had previously been a chaotic field.The European Community for Coal and Steel (ECCS) Questionnaire for studying chronic bronchitis and emphysema first appeared in 1962 and was followed by several other questionnaires [3,4], which were originally largely based on the British MRC model.However "anonymous" and authoritative these documents appear, in fact they reflect individual contemporary opinions about the important features of chronic respiratory disease.If the standardization of questionnaires is not to impose penalties which outbalance their benefits, they must evolve in parallel with changes in our understanding of these diseases.The latest revision of the ECCS questionnaire published in the February 1989 issue of the European Respiratory Journal [5] provides an opportunity to review the evolution of questionnaires over the last 30 yrs.The major questions included and validated in the original ques tionnaires were related to cough, sputum production, dyspnoea and infective c hest illnesses.Less emphasis was placed on questions on wheezing and asthma, parlly, no doubl, because of the difficulty in framing questions which could be validated.But an equally important factor was that, at that time, the major research focus was on the overwhelming morbid-it~ and mortality due to largely irreversible disease, chronic bronc hitis and emphysema in the general population and pneumoconiosis in the occupational fi eld.Since these original questionnaires were produced, the importance attached to the diagnostic and prognostic information provided by lung func tion tests has greatly increased, while that attached to the presence of chronic cough and phlegm has declined.Furthermore, the perceived importance of asthma as a cause of chronic respiratory disease both in the general population and in certain occupations has increased, while the prevalence of other forms of chronic respiratory disease due to smoking, environmental and occupational factors has declined in some countries.
Drug points: Recurrent generalised urticaria at insulin injection sites
Authors: A H Sackey
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In July 1998 a six year old boy with insulin dependent diabetes presented one year after diagnosis with an urticarial rash involving all insulin injection sites. The pruritic rash started 10 minutes after injection of human Mixtard 30 (Novo Nordisk) in the arm. He was otherwise well. The rash occurred at injection sites on the arms, thighs, and buttocks (not used for two months), which disappeared spontaneously within 12 hours. Subsequently in September 1998 (figure), December 1998, and …
Drug points: Generalised pruritus associated with amlodipine
Authors: S Orme, D da Costa
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Amlodipine is a calcium antagonist of the dihydropyridine class. In common with other agents in this class it can cause flushing and peripheral oedema.1 2 Erythema multiforme has been reported after amlodipine was substituted for nifedipine.3 We report two cases of generalised pruritus secondary to amlodipine treatment in patients without objective evidence of skin disease.

A 59 year old woman was diagnosed as being hypertensive in 1994; …
Induction of cytotoxic T cell responses and tumor immunity against unrelated tumors using telomerase reverse transcriptase RNA transfected dendritic cells.
Authors: Smita K. Nair, Axel Heiser, David Boczkowski, Anish Majumdar, Michio Naoe, Jane S. Lebkowski, Johannes Vieweg, Eli Gilboa
Journal: Nature Medicine (2000)