tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tubulovesicular transcytotic pathway in rat biliary epithelium: A study in perfused liver and in isolated intrahepatic bile duct
Authors: Antonio Benedetti, Luca Marucci, Cristina Bassotti, Raniero Mancini, Susanna Contucci, Anne Marie Jezequel, Francesco Orland
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Morphometric ultrastructural analysis of horseradish peroxidase-containing structures has been performed in vivo, in rat liver and, in vitro, in isolated bile ducts to determine whether a transcytotic vesicle pathway exists in biliary epithelial cells. In vivo, horseradish peroxidase (100 mg/kg body wt) was given by intraportal injection in normal rats (n = 15) or 1 hr after administration of 600 mg/kg valproic acid (n = 15). Ultrastructural morphometric analysis was conducted on livers between 1 and 40 min after horseradish peroxidase injection. In vitro, bile ducts were isolated on collagenase digestion, incubated in horseradish peroxidase for 3 min and prepared for electron microscopy immediately or after incubation for another 5, 10, 15 or 20 min in horseradish peroxidase-free medium at 37 degrees C. In four experiments, colchicine (10(-5) mol/L) or beta-lumicolchicine (10(-5) mol/L) was added to the culture medium 2 hr before horseradish peroxidase. In a separate series of experiments, 50 mumol/L taurocholic acid or 500 mumol/L ursodeoxycholic acid was added to the culture medium 12 min before horseradish peroxidase. The volume density (percent area) of horseradish peroxidase-containing structures was analyzed in the 1-microns-wide area of basolateral or apical cytoplasm. In vivo, horseradish peroxidase-containing structures maximally increased from the basolateral to the periluminal region over a 20-min interval (percent area increased from 0.09 +/- 0.12 to 2.02 +/- 0.33; p < 0.001) and over a 10-min interval in valproic acid-treated animals (from 0.17 +/- 0.11 to 2.05 +/- 0.36; p < 0.001). In vitro, horseradish peroxidase immediately labeled vesicles in the basolateral cytoplasm. Within 15 min, the vesicles were labeled in the periluminal region (percent area increased from 0.36 +/- 0.08 to 1.90 +/- 0.17; p < 0.001). Colchicine but not beta-lumicolchicine decreased the volume density of labeled structures in the apical cytoplasm (percent area at 15 min, 1.94 +/- 0.24 after beta-lumicolchicine and 1.04 +/- 0.29 after colchicine; p < 0.01). Taurocholic or ursodeoxycholic acid did not change the migration pattern of labeled vesicles, but peroxidase tended to appear earlier in the apical cytoplasm, especially after taurocholic acid. In addition, taurocholic acid increased the percentage of labeled tubules in the apical cytoplasm. These studies show that a polarized tubulovesicular transcytotic pathway exists in rat biliary epithelium and is microtubule dependent. These tubulovesicular structures are labeled with horseradish peroxidase, which is rapidly transported from the cell periphery to the luminal area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Bloodletting Ameliorates Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion in Parallel to Reducing Liver Iron in Carriers of <i>HFE</i> Gene Mutations
Authors: Melania Manco, Geltrude Mingrone, Valerio Nobili, Francesco Equitani
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We thank Valenti et al. (1) for their interest in our study and valuable comments. As they state, heterozygous H63D gene mutation is the most common mutation of the hemochromatosis ( HFE ) gene. Even though we reported one carrier alone of this mutation (2), we believe that diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in patients with clinical features of iron overload are not based on genetic …
Unusual Dislocation of the Carpal Bones
Authors: L. G. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1941)

Unusual Dislocation of the Carpal BonesIt is thought that the following case is worthy of record owing to its unusual character.CASE REPORT A soldier aged 21 came to hospital on the morning of December 10, 1940, complaining of pain in his right wvrist.Earlier that morning a lorry, wvhilst backing, had compressed his right hand and forearm against a wall.The elbow was flexed at the time so that the force wvas an impacting one, tending to drive the carpus proxirnally.On examination there was considerable radial deviation of the wrist, and the lower end of the ulna was very prominent.Any attempt to move the w%rist passively caused great pain.
Left Ventricular Function in Acute Myocardial Infarction and its Clinical Significance
Authors: CHARLES E. RACKLEY, RICHARD O. RUSSELL
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Investigations on left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction and the relatonship to clinical findings have shown: (1) limitations in the use and interpretation of central venous pressure; (2) pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure accurately reflects left ventricular filling pressure in the absence of pulmonary vascular or mitral valve disease; (3) left ventricular filling pressure is frequently elevated in mild or clinical uncomplicated infarction; (4) left ventricular function frequently improves during the immediate as well as late convalescent period; (5) the hemodynamic and clinical evaluations may frequently be at variance; (6) a left ventricular gallop is usually associated with an abnormally elevated left ventricular filling pressure; (7) anterior infarctions present greater depression of left ventricular function than inferior infarctions; and (8) monitoring of hemodynamics can be useful in following the changes in left ventricular function and the response to therapy in patients with heart failure and cardiogenic shock.
Second-best prostatectomy?
Authors: R J Luck
Journal: BMJ (1980)

the patients with an important service that is now not available, and by reason of his 18 months of urology he would be able to recognise more difficult conditions of the urinary tract, where referral of the patient to a specialist urological unit would be in the patient's best interest.If we are going to be able to continue to provide a service to the community in the surgical specialties, such bridging of sub- divisions of surgery will be necessary.The closed-shop attitude of surgical specialties is to be deplored.I think that surgeons in training who wish to practise general surgery should spend between one and two years obtaining special expertise in other branches of surgery such as urology, vascular surgery, gastroenterology, and endoscopy, so that they can offer a higher standard of care in these subspecialties and still do their share of general surgical work.Such a simple and straight- forward solution to unsatisfactory contemporary practice would require a change of attitude in those who espouse the doctrine of closed guilds.
Biliary Ascariasis Combined with a Villous Tumor of the Papilla. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of Endoscopy
Authors: J. Sahel, C. Bastid, R. Choux
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

A 64-year-old man admitted for cholangitis presented with an ascaris lumbricoides in the biliary duct and a villous tumor of the ampulla of Vater. ERCP revealed the parasite as a "rail-like" linear defect in the main bile duct, and permitted its extraction. The ampullary tumor was repeatedly ablated with a snare and finally surgically removed because of suspicion of malignancy. This is the first report on such an association.
Decreased activity of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase in platelets of Japanese patients with non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Toshio Tohjima, Naoko Honda, Kentaro Mochizuki, Junichiro Kinoshita, Kenji Watanabe, Tomoyuki Arisaka, Ryuzo Kawamori, Michihiro Nakamura, Yuko Kurahashi, Tanihiro Yoshimoto, Shozo Yamamoto
Journal: Metabolism (1998)
SURFACE MARKERS ON HUMAN T AND B LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: M. Jondal, G. Holm, H. Wigzell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

By using the two criteria (a) high density of immunoglobulin determinants on the cell surface and (b) presence of receptors for C'3 on the cell surface for defining bone marrow-derived lymphocytes, it is indirectly shown that all or at least a major population of human thymus-derived lymphocytes under certain conditions will form nonimmune rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Almost all thymocytes tested from two different donors formed rosettes. The SRBC rosettes are not formed by virtue of immunoglobulin receptors and form only around living cells. Positive bivalent ions are required for rosette formation since EDTA will block rosette formation. Sodium iodoacetate will also block rosette formation demonstrating the dependence on an intact glycolytic pathway. Rosette formation is temperature dependent and will not appear at 37°C. Trypsin treatment of lymphocytes will abolish their SRBC-binding ability which cannot be restored by treating them with fresh donor serum or fetal calf serum, but which will reappear after culturing the lymphocytes. It is suggested that these rosettes are formed by a rapidly released or metabolized receptor substance on the living cell surface which behaves as a trypsin-sensitive structure produced by the cells themselves.
Viral Triggers of Cardiac-Allograft Dysfunction
Authors: Robin K. Avery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The question of a viral contribution to allograft dysfunction after solid-organ transplantation has long been debated. This debate has focused primarily on cytomegalovirus, which has been identified as a risk factor for bronchiolitis obliterans in lung-transplant recipients1 and may be associated with a variety of forms of chronic allograft dysfunction in other solid-organ transplants. There is considerable evidence, but still some controversy, concerning the role of cytomegalovirus in cardiac-allograft vasculopathy, one of the primary conditions limiting survival in cardiac-transplant recipients.2 Recent reports have raised the possibility that human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection may also be associated with allograft dysfunction.3 In . . .
Increase in Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity Caused by Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Primary Cultured Adult Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Ikko Higaki, Isao Matsui-yuasa, Masanobu Terakura, Shuzo Otani, Hiroaki Kinoshita
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The effect of hepatocyte growth factor on ornithine decarboxylase activity was studied in primary cultured adult rat hepatocytes. Ornithine decarboxylase activity was increased 3 hr after the addition of hepatocyte growth factor and remained at a high level until 12 hr; thereafter it decreased, and it returned to the control level by 24 hr. Enzyme activity began to increase with 1 ng/ml hepatocyte growth factor and reached its maximum with 5 ng/ml hepatocyte growth factor. When insulin or epidermal growth factor was added with hepatocyte growth factor, enzyme activity was further stimulated. The level of ornithine decarboxylase messenger RNA did not increase with addition of hepatocyte growth factor. The half-time of ornithine decarboxylase activity was prolonged about twofold by hepatocyte growth factor treatment. These results suggest that hepatocyte growth factor treatment of cells enhanced ornithine decarboxylase activity posttranslationally.
Computed Tomographic Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy): A New Method for Detecting Colorectal Neoplasms
Authors: C. D. Johnson, A. K. Hara, J .E. Reed
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Computed tomographic (CT) colonography is an exciting new technique that uses volumetric CT data combined with advanced imaging software to create two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the colon. The technique uses both three-dimensional images that simulate the endoluminal perspective of the colonoscope, as well as axial and reformatted two-dimensional images. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional images are complementary, and in combination offer the most robust performance for the detection of colorectal polyps. Currently, CT eolonographic examinations are performed in the fully cleansed and air-inflated colon using a slice thickness of 5 mm, a reconstruction interval of 3 mm, a pitch of 1.3, and 70 mA. In a blinded, prospective study of 70 patients (half with a known lesion, and half from a surveillance population with a low disease prevalence) the sensitivity for the detection of polyps of 1 cm or more is 75 %, and the specificity is 90 %. The most commonly encountered problems include retained colonic fluid and stool, suboptimally distended colonic segments, and long interpretation times. Many of these problems can be solved using both supine and prone imaging. It is expected that the performance of this examination will improve, and that a new era of colorectal screening will begin.
Choice of Cancer Therapy Varies With Age of Patient
Authors: Jonathan Samet, William C. Hunt, Charles Key, Charles G. Humble, James S. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

We used data on 22,899 cancer cases collected by the New Mexico Tumor Registry to examine the relationship between patient age and the use of potentially curative therapy for cancers of selected sites and acute leukemias. For cancers of most sites, either local or regional stage, the proportion of cases receiving potentially curative therapy declined with age. For local-stage cancers, the proportion not given any treatment increased with age. Overall mortality rates during the first year after diagnosis were much higher for local-stage cases without treatment than for those who received treatment. These data show that cancer therapy varies with age and suggest that decision making regarding therapy is influenced by the presence of other diseases. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:3385-3390)
Senator's bellicosity kindles bigotry
Authors: J. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Since the first cases were reported in gay men in 1981 AIDS has been labelled by many Americans as a gay disease. The religious right has called it God's punishment for unnatural acts. During his eight year term President Reagan avoided using the word AIDS, and he failed to reach out to patients with AIDS, even when his Hollywood friend Rock Hudson contracted it. But at the end of the 1980s an Indiana teenager, Ryan White, touched America's heart.

The boy had contracted HIV through a blood transfusion, and during his final illness he preached tolerance and compassion for all those with the disease. In fact, his attitude translated into law. The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency Act of 1990 has provided pounds sterling1.2 …
P367 PHASE 2 STUDY EVALUATING THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF USTEKINUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS WHO HAD AN INADEQUATE RESPONSE TO URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID
Authors: G.M. Hirschfield, M.E. Gershwin, R. Strauss, M.J. Mayo, C. Levy, B. Zou, C. Selmi, H.-U. Marschall, K. Lindor
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Reflections on Change in Medical Practice
Authors: Ernest W. Saward
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The trend in the provision of medical care to large-scale organizations is clear. While this has been most conspicuous in hospitals, nursing homes, and renal dialysis treatment centers, it is gathering momentum in the practice of medicine itself. The competitive pressures for cost containment, the ability of large medical organizations to contract efficiently with third parties, the ample supply of newly trained physicians seeking immediate practice, and new capital financing opportunities are some of the many reasons for this rapid aggregation. This will in time structurally change medical practice and the way in which it is perceived by patients and the public.
From action to interaction: Apes, infants, and the last Rubicon
Authors: Diane Poulin-Dubois
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Tomasello et al. have presented a position that is grounded in a conservative perspective of cultural learning, as well as in a rich interpretation of recent findings in early social cognition. Although I applaud their theoretical framework, I argue that data from studies of human infants are not necessarily consistent with the developmental picture that they describe.
Arrhythmogenic effects of graded coronary blood flow reductions superimposed on prior myocardial infarction in dogs.
Authors: T Furukawa, K Moroe, H N Mayrovitz, R Sampsell, N Furukawa, R J Myerburg
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND We studied arrhythmogenesis and its underlying pathophysiology during graded reductions of coronary blood flow, superimposed on prior myocardial infarction to test the hypothesis that spontaneous ventricular fibrillation and induced ventricular tachycardia are dependent on different patterns of coronary flow reduction in hearts with prior myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS In 10 sham-operated dogs (control group) and 24 dogs with 3-week-old experimental apical myocardial infarction, the left circumflex coronary artery was constricted to produce four grades of flow reduction: 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Among the sham-operated control animals, only one of 10 (10%) developed spontaneous ventricular fibrillation and only two of nine (22%) were inducible into sustained ventricular tachycardia during 100% circumflex coronary artery flow reduction. No spontaneous ventricular fibrillation or inducible ventricular tachycardia occurred with lesser grades (25%, 50%, or 75%) of flow reduction among the control animals. In the myocardial infarction group, five of 24 dogs (21%) were inducible before flow reduction. However, 50% flow reduction in the myocardial infarction group resulted in inducibility of ventricular tachycardia in 12 of 24 dogs (50%); nine of 16 (56%) during 75% flow reduction; and six of 11 (55%) with 100% flow reduction. In addition, none of the dogs in the myocardial infarction group developed spontaneous ventricular fibrillation during 25% or 50% flow reduction, whereas six of 22 (27%) developed ventricular fibrillation during 75% flow reduction and 10 of 21 (48%) during 100% flow reduction. In dogs with spontaneous ventricular fibrillation during flow reduction, the total myocardial mass of the ischemic "risk" zone and infarcted zone was significantly greater than in those without spontaneous ventricular fibrillation (68 +/- 5% versus 56 +/- 6% [p less than 0.01]). There was no difference in the total myocardial mass of the ischemic risk zone and infarcted zone between dogs with and without inducible ventricular tachycardia during flow reduction. CONCLUSIONS In canine model of subacute myocardial infarction, superimposed ischemia increased the likelihood of inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia with lesser grades of coronary flow reduction compared with that necessary to allow spontaneous ventricular fibrillation. The underlying pathophysiology appears to differ between spontaneous ventricular fibrillation and electrically induced sustained ventricular tachycardia.
Trichosanthin enhances anti-tumor immune response in a murine Lewis lung cancer model by boosting the interaction between TSLC1 and CRTAM
Authors: Yuchan Cai, Shudao Xiong, Yijie Zheng, Feifei Luo, Pei Jiang, Yiwei Chu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2011)
Maternal Blood Manganese and Early Neurodevelopment: The Mothers and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) Study
Authors: Soo Eun Chung, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Eun-Hee Ha, Boong-Nyun Kim, Mina Ha, Yangho Kim, Yun-Chul Hong, Hyesook Park, Se-Young Oh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Manganese is an essential trace element and common component of water, soil, and air. Prenatal manganese exposure may affect fetal and infantile neurodevelopment, but reports on in utero manganese exposure and infant neurodevelopment are rare.This study was conducted to investigate a relationship between maternal blood manganese level and neurodevelopment of infants at 6 months of age.Data were obtained from the Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) birth cohort study. The study population included 232 pairs of pregnant women and their infants at 6 months of age. Maternal blood manganese was measured at term, just before delivery. Mental and psychomotor development in infancy was assessed at 6 months of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. The relationship between maternal blood manganese level and the mental and psychomotor development indexes (MDI and PDI) was estimated for manganese modeled as a linear and as a categorical variable and using penalized splines for nonlinear modeling.Mean ± SD maternal blood manganese concentration was 22.5 ± 6.5 μg/L. After adjustment for potential confounders, blood manganese was used as a continuous variable in a linear and nonlinear model. Associations between maternal blood manganese and MDI and PDI scores followed an inverted U-shape dose-response curve after adjustment for potential confounders, with lower scores associated with both low and high blood concentrations [MDI: likelihood-ratio test (LRT) p = 0.075, PDI: LRT p = 0.038]. Associations of both outcomes with increasing blood manganese shifted from positive to negative at concentrations of 24-28 μg/L in this cohort of term, normal birth weight children.Although no cut-off point has been established to define manganese toxicity, both high and low blood manganese levels may be associated with neurobehavioral function in infants.
Abstract 981: The role of caffeine in sensitizing lung cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis.
Authors: Gan Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cisplatin is an important anticancer drug that has been used widely for treatment of many types of cancer, including lung cancer. The effectiveness of the drug, however, often diminishes quickly due to the development of tumor cell drug resistance in patients. Therefore, it is important to explore different strategies that either can sensitize tumor cells to cisplatin or can reverse the tumor cell drug resistance. We have studies the effect of caffeine in cisplatin-induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Using both CRL5985 lung adenocarcinoma cells and HTB182 lung squamous carcinoma cells, the results of our caspase-3 activation studies demonstrated that the caffeine prior treatment significantly increased the cisplatin-induced caspase-3 activation in these lung cancer cells. Our quantitative PCR (real time PCR) results revealed that the prior caffeine treatment caused a great increase in transcription of PUMA, a pro-apoptotic protein, in the cisplatin-treated HTB182 and CRL5985 lung cancer cells. Our western blot results further indicated that the protein level of the PUMA was significantly more increased when the lung cancer cells was treated with caffeine prior to the cisplatin treatment. In addition, our western blot results also revealed that the phosphorylation level of Chk1 at serine 317 was decreased but the phosphorylation level of ATM at serine 1981 was increased for the lung cancer cells treated with caffeine prior to the cisplatin treatment compared to that of the cells treated with only cisplatin. These results suggest that caffeine can sensitize lung cancer cells to cisplatin via inhibiting ATR but increasing ATM activation, resulting in an increase in PUMA expression and apoptosis of the treated lung cancer cells. Therefore, caffeine can sensitize lung cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Citation Format: Gan Wang. The role of caffeine in sensitizing lung cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 981. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-981