tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conjugated equine oestrogens and blood clotting: a follow-up report.
Authors: L Poller, J M Thomson, J Coope
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A follow-up study of blood clotting and platelet aggregation was performed on 21 women who had received long-term hormone replacement treatment with conjugated equine oestrogens. The prothrombin time and factor VII and X values were significantly accelerated after three months, but there was no further increase with continual administration for 18 months. After 12 to 18 months9 treatment, however, thrombin-induced platelet aggregation (Chandler9s tube) was also significantly accelerated, which suggested a widening spectrum of effect. No overall acceleration of "intrinsic" clotting (partial thromboplastin time and thromboelastography) was found during the study, but the relatively small numbers may have been responsible. Further efforts are therefore required to find formulations and doses of oestrogens which, while relieving menopausal symptoms, cause less acceleration of blood clotting and platelet aggregation.
A selective synthesis of 4-aminobiphenyl-N2-deoxyguanosine adducts.
Authors: S Scheer, T Steinbrecher, G Boche
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

A selective synthesis of N2-deoxyguanosine adducts derived from 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP) is described. The reactions of O2-trifluoromethylsulfonyl-O6-allyl-3',5'-O-bis(tert-butyldimethyl silyl)-2'- deoxyxanthosine with 3-amino-4-acetaminobiphenyl and 4-hydrazinobiphenyl, respectively, are the key steps. Successive removal of the protecting groups from the protected adducts leads to the free adducts 3-(deoxyguanosine-N2-yl)-acetyl-ABP and N-(deoxyguanosyl-N2-yl)-ABP, respectively.
Submicroscopic crystals in osteoarthritic synovial fluids.
Authors: A Swan, B Chapman, P Heap, H Seward, P Dieppe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty/stenting (PTRAS) is frequently used to treat renal artery stenosis and renovascular disease (RVD); however, renal function is restored in less than one half of the cases. This study was designed to test a novel intervention that could refine PTRAS and enhance renal recovery in RVD. Renal function was quantified in pigs after 6 weeks of chronic RVD (induced by unilateral renal artery stenosis), established renal damage, and hypertension. Pigs with RVD then underwent PTRAS and were randomized into three groups: placebo (RVD+PTRAS), chronic endothelin-A receptor (ET-A) blockade (RVD+PTRAS+ET-A), and chronic dual ET-A/B blockade (RVD+PTRAS+ET-A/B) for 4 weeks. Renal function was again evaluated after treatments, and then, <i>ex vivo</i> studies were performed on the stented kidney. PTRAS resolved renal stenosis, attenuated hypertension, and improved renal function but did not resolve renal microvascular rarefaction, remodeling, or renal fibrosis. ET-A blocker therapy after PTRAS significantly improved hypertension, microvascular rarefaction, and renal injury and led to greater recovery of renal function. Conversely, combined ET-A/B blockade therapy blunted the therapeutic effects of PTRAS alone or PTRAS followed by ET-A blockade. These data suggest that ET-A receptor blockade therapy could serve as a coadjuvant intervention to enhance the outcomes of PTRAS in RVD. These results also suggest that ET-B receptors are important for renal function in RVD and may contribute to recovery after PTRAS. Using clinically available compounds and techniques, our results could contribute to both refinement and design of new therapeutic strategies in chronic RVD.
IMPACTS OF ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONE BY SALT SUPPLEMENTATION IN ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE
Authors: Yoshitaka Okuhara, Shinichi Hirotani, Toshihiro Iwasaku, Daisuke Morisawa, Akiyo Eguchi, Tomotaka Ando, Makiko Oboshi, Hisashi Sawada, Yoshiro Naito, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Modulation of mitochondrial gene expression in pulmonary epithelial cells exposed to oxidants.
Authors: Y M Janssen, K E Driscoll, C R Timblin, D Hassenbein, B T Mossman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Oxidants are important in the regulation of signal transduction and gene expression. Multiple classes of genes are transcriptionally activated by oxidants and are implicated in different phenotypic responses. In the present study, we performed differential mRNA display to elucidate genes that are induced or repressed after exposure of rat lung epithelial (RLE) cells to H2O2 or crocidolite asbestos, a pathogenic mineral that generates oxidants. After 8 or 24 hr of exposure, RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, and amplified by polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers to visualize alterations in gene expression. The seven clones obtained were sequenced and encoded the mitochondrial genes, NADH dehydrogenase subunits ND5 and ND6, and 16S ribosomal RNA. Evaluation of their expression by Northern blot analysis revealed increased expression of 16S rRNA after 1 or 2 hr of exposure to H2O2. At later time periods (4 and 24 hr), mRNA levels of 16S rRNA and NADH dehydrogenase were decreased in H2O2-treated RLE cells when compared to sham controls. Crocidolite asbestos caused increases in 16S rRNA levels after 8 hr of exposure, whereas after 24 hr of exposure to asbestos, 16S rRNA levels were decreased in comparison to sham controls. In addition to these oxidants, the nitric oxide generator spermine NONOate caused similar decreases in NADH dehydrogenase mRNA levels after 4 hr of exposure. The present data and previous studies demonstrated that all oxidants examined resulted in apoptosis in RLE cells during the time frame where alterations of mitochondrial gene expression were observed. As the mitochondrion is a major organelle that controls apoptosis, alterations in expression of mitochondrial genes may be involved in the regulation of apoptosis.
Effect of Bed Rest on Resting Calf Blood Flow of Healthy Adult Males
Authors: N. L. Browse
Journal: BMJ (1962)

response to surgery, types LA and IB, IIA and IIB, and III."They are defined.A fall in blood flow (type I) occurred in 75.5%-53.3%immediately (IA) and 22.2% gradually (IB).The average drop in flow was to a level 47 % below the pre-operative level and lasted for eight days.Drops in flow of 70-80% were encountered.The remainder showed either a rise in flow (15.5%, type II) or a rise followed by a fall (9%, type III).The extent and duration of the drop in flow was affected by the patient's age and fitness, and by the severity and length of his operation.Control studies show that (a) the resting calf blood flow is remarkably constant from day to day in a patient living the normal ward life, (b) it is unaffected by long periods of bed rest, (c) it is unchanged after a general anaesthetic alone, and (d) the changes of flow that follow operations performed under general
The in vitro antimicrobial effect of azelaic acid
Authors: J.P. LEEMING, K.T. HOLLAND, R.A. BOJAR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Various strains of cutaneous micro-organisms were tested in vitro for their survival rates in 0.5 mol/l (8.4% w/v) azelaic acid solution. All bacterial strains exhibited large reductions in viability (at least 40-fold) over a 24 h test period, but little response was noted with Pityrosporum ovale. The bactericidal effect of azelaic acid was reduced considerably in the presence of nutrients. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal (or fungicidal) concentrations (MBCs) were also determined. MICs varied from 0.03 mol/l to 0.25 mol/l; MBCs were all either 0.25 mol/l or greater.
Meiotic stability and genotype – phenotype correlation of the trinucleotide repeat in X–linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
Authors: Albert R. La Spada, Daniel B. Roling, Anita E. Harding, Carolyn L. Warner, Roland Spiegel, Irena Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz, Woon-Chee Yee, Kenneth H. Fischbeck
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
Psychological Reactions to Ultrasound
Authors: Laura Michelacci, Giovanni A. Fava, Silvana Grandi, Luciano Bovicelli, Camillo Orlandi, Giancarlo Trombini
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)

Twenty women underwent ultrasound examination three times during low-risk pregnancy. Before and after ultrasonography, the Symptom Questionnaire was applied to evaluate changes in psychological distress. Anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, and hostility significantly decreased after the patients received video and verbal feedback during the first ultrasound examination. Such changes were consistently observed also during the subsequent two examinations.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF EARLY CYTOPLASMIC CHANGES DUE TO INFLUENZA VIRUS
Authors: Carl G. Harford, Alice Hamlin, Esther Parker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Recently improved methods for visualization of thin tissue sections by electron microscopy have been applied to the study of early changes in the bronchial epithelium of mice infected by inhalation of aerosols of influenza virus. In confirmation of previous findings by the authors, inclusion bodies have been demonstrated in ciliated and non-ciliated cells of infected bronchial epithelium. In addition to 3 strains of mouse-adapted Type A virus, 2 unadapted strains gave qualitatively the same results. The inclusion bodies were found to be composed largely of particles of a size estimated to correspond to the known size of influenza virus. The viral lesion of the cytoplasm was also associated with linear formations which were thought to be abnormal forms of endoplasmic reticulum. Well developed microvilli were found on the ciliated borders of ciliated cells, but no evidence was found of viral growth in this region.
A phase I/IIa study of the mRNA based cancer vaccine CV9103 prepared with the RNActive technology results in distinctly longer survival than predicted by the Halabi Nomogram which correlates with the induction of antigen-specific immune responses
Authors: Karl-Josef Kallen, Ulrike Gnad-Vogt, Birgit Scheel, Gerd Rippin, Arnulf Stenzl
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Recently, the RNActive technology has been developed to generate highly active cancer vaccines. The antigen of choice is encoded by a sequence engineered mRNA that increases antigen expression up to 5 orders of magnitude. Immunogenicity of the RNActive vaccines is ensured by a
Pili multigemini.
Authors: AMIR H. MEHREGAN, WILLIAM S. THOMPSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Journal Article Pili multigemini: REPORT OF A CASE IN ASSOCIATION WITH CLEIDOCRANIAL DYSOSTOSIS Get access AMIR H. MEHREGAN, AMIR H. MEHREGAN Pinkus Dermatopathology Laboratory, P.O. Box 360, Monroe, Michigan 48161, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar WILLIAM S. THOMPSON WILLIAM S. THOMPSON Pinkus Dermatopathology Laboratory, P.O. Box 360, Monroe, Michigan 48161, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 100, Issue 3, 1 March 1979, Pages 315–322, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb06205.x Published: 01 March 1979
Response to Newly Prescribed Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Patients With and Without HIV Infection
Authors: Michael J. Silverberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Antiretroviral agents, particularly protease inhibitors (PIs), may adversely affect lipid levels in patients with HIV infection. However, it is not known whether HIV-associated dyslipidemia is more difficult to treat. Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of lipid-lowering therapy in patients with and without HIV infection. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Integrated health care delivery system from 1996 to 2005. Patients: 829 patients with HIV infection and 6941 patients without HIV infection beginning lipid-lowering therapy for elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Measurements: Percentage change in lipids within 12 months and adverse liver- and muscle-related clinical and laboratory events. Results: Compared with patients without HIV infection, patients with HIV infection beginning statin therapy had smaller reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (25.6% vs. 28.3%; P = 0.001), which did not vary by antiretroviral therapy class. Patients with HIV infection beginning gemfibrozil therapy had substantially smaller reductions in triglyceride levels than patients without HIV infection (44.2% vs. 59.3%; P < 0.001), and reductions with gemfibrozil varied by antiretroviral therapy class (44.0% [P = 0.001] in patients receiving PIs only, 26.4% [P < 0.001] in patients receiving PIs and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NNRTIs], and 60.3% [P = 0.94] in patients receiving NNRTIs only). Rhabdomyolysis was diagnosed in 3 patients with HIV infection and 1 patient without HIV infection. No clinically recognized cases of myositis or myopathy were observed. The risk for laboratory adverse events was low (<5%), although it was increased in patients with HIV infection. Limitations: Laboratory measurements were not uniformly performed according to HIV status, and adequate fasting before lipoprotein testing could not be verified. Results may not be completely generalizable to uninsured persons, women, or certain racial or ethnic minorities. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia, particularly hypertriglyceridemia, is more difficult to treat in patients with HIV infection than in the general population. However, patients with HIV infection receiving NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy and gemfibrozil had triglyceride responses similar to those in patients without HIV infection. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline.
Investor-Owned and Not-for-Profit Hospitals
Authors: Robert V. Pattison, Hallie M. Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

The growth of investor-owned hospital-management companies represents the most dramatic change in the hospital industry in recent years. Whereas supporters of investor-owned chains suggest that their growth is attributable to operating efficiencies, critics suggest that it has resulted from pricing and marketing strategies. Using data supplied by the California Health Facilities Commission, we compared the economic performance of investor-owned and not-for-profit hospitals in California. There were three principal findings. First, during the study period both costs and charges were higher in for-profit than in not-for-profit hospitals, measured on the basis of either patient-days or admissions. Second, the for-profit chains have used aggressive marketing and pricing strategies to generate high rates of profitability and growth. Finally, the payer class of patients did not differ specifically according to the hospital-ownership category. We conclude that the recent dramatic growth of investor-owned hospital chains is attributable to the employment of managerial strategies that were well suited to the reimbursement system in effect during the period studied. As a result of recent changes in federal and state reimbursement, many of these reimbursement-maximization strategies have become obsolete. Whether the investor-owned chains will be able to adapt rapidly to this new reimbursement environment remains to be seen.
A multifaceted imbalance of T cells with regulatory function characterizes type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Silvia Ferri, Maria Serena Longhi, Chiara De Molo, Claudine Lalanne, Paolo Muratori, Alessandro Granito, Munther J. Hussain, Yun Ma, Marco Lenzi, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Francesco B. Bianchi, Diego Vergani, Luigi Muratori
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Immunotolerance is maintained by regulatory T cells (Tregs), including CD4+CD25hi, CD8+CD28−, γδ, and CD3+CD56+ [natural killer T (NKT)] cells. CD4+CD25hi cells are impaired in children with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Little is known about Tregs in adults with AIH. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and function of Treg subsets in adult patients with AIH during periods of active disease and remission. Forty-seven AIH patients (16 with active disease and 31 in remission) and 28 healthy controls were studied. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate surface markers and function-related intracellular molecules in γδ, CD8+CD28−, NKT, and CD4+CD25hi cells. CD4+CD25hi T cell function was determined by the ability to suppress proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production by CD4+CD25− target cells. Liver forkhead box P3–positive (FOXP3+) cells were sought by immunohistochemistry. In AIH patients, particularly during active disease, CD4+CD25hi T cells were fewer, expressed lower levels of FOXP3, and were less effective at inhibiting target cell proliferation versus healthy controls. Moreover, although the numbers of CD8+CD28− T cells were similar in AIH patients and healthy controls, NKT cells were numerically reduced, especially during active disease, and produced lower quantities of the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-4 versus controls. In contrast, γδ T cells in AIH patients were more numerous versus healthy controls and had an inverted Vδ1/Vδ2 ratio and higher IFN-γ and granzyme B production; the latter was correlated to biochemical indices of liver damage. There were few FOXP3+ cells within the portal tract inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusion: Our data show that the defect in immunoregulation in adult AIH is complex, and γδ T cells are likely to be effectors of liver damage.
SALVAGE OF THE JEOPARDIZED MYOCARDIUM IN EVOLVING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION BY INTRAVENOUS STREPTOKINASE THERAPY
Authors: Jamshid Maddahi, Abraham T. Weiss, James Kropac, Ivor Geft, P K Shah, Daniel S. Berman, Alan Waxman, HJC Swan, William Ganz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Maddahi, Jamshid; Weiss, Abraham T.; Kropac, James; Geft, Ivor; Shah, P K; Berman, Daniel S.; Waxman, Alan; Swan, HJC; Ganz, William Author Information
Cardiovascular Hemodynamics
Authors: Sheldon H. Steiner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Iodinated I 131 serum albumin aggregated, when injected intravenously into seated patients, affords an accurate measurement of certain hemodynamic indices. In patients with mitral stenosis, the ratio of distribution of this drug in the upper and middle portions of the lungs correlates well with pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures and inversely with cardiac output. The presence of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, but not its severity, can be determined, since the flow distribution pattern becomes relatively uniform despite a wide pressure range. The method has considerable advantage over the radioactive gas techniques with oxygen 15, krypton 85, and xenon 133, since the radioactive serum albumin is more easily handled and has only arterial distribution without an alveolar gas phase. Caution should be exercised in relying completely upon the results of the lung scans and ratios where emphysema, congestive heart failure, and pulmonary emboli concomitantly exist.
ACC/AHA 2008 Performance Measures for Adults With ST-Elevation and Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Brian L. Bachelder, Francis M. Fesmire, Stephan D. Fihn, JoAnne M. Foody, P. Michael Ho, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Frederick A. Masoudi, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Littre's Hernia
Authors: B. R. Meyerowitz
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Case 16.-A boy aged 7, with no diabetic heredity, developed generalized abdominal pain during the first few days of mumps.His expected recovery was delayed, and within four weeks he complained of tiredness, thirst, frequency, and a sore, dry tongue.In less than two months he was admitted to hospital with diabetic ketosis.Thomas Shapter, physician to the Exeter Dispensary, reported that every one of 83 diabetic patients observed between 1825 and 1834 had " terminated in tubercular consumption."In the present survey, undertaken in Exeter little more than a century later, only 2 out of 300 diabetic patients developed signs of active pul- monary tuberculosis.
Rate of Calcium Binding and Uptake in Normal Animal and Failing Human Cardiac Muscle: MEMBRANE VESICLES (RELAXING SYSTEM) AND MITOCHONDRIA
Authors: Shoichi Harigaya, Arnold Schwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

Cardiac relaxing system (CRS) and mitochondria were isolated by a modified rapid procedure from human, rabbit, and dog. Relaxing system (sarcoplasmic reticulum) was also isolated from white and red skeletal muscles for comparative purposes. Rapid kinetic measurements were made with a dual-beam spectrophotometric assay procedure. Maximum calcium binding (absence of oxalate), expressed as nmoles calcium/mg protein in 5 minutes at 25°C, for rabbit heart and red and white skeletal muscles were approximately 40, 58 and 170, respectively. The calcium binding constant for rabbit CRS was 2 x 10 6 M -1 . The estimated initial binding rates (nmoles calcium/mg protein/minute) of cardiac, white and red skeletal muscle relaxing systems were 256, 1440 and 182, respectively. The rate constant (M -1 sec -1 ) of CRS was about 2400, which falls between white and red skeletal muscle preparations. Human cardiac muscle from recipients obtained at the time of transplantation yielded CRS with slower rates of accumulation of calcium and very little calcium release, compared to normal animal heart preparations. ATP was the most effective of four nucleoside triphosphates in supporting calcium binding and uptake. Calcium binding and release and calcium uptake of CRS were temperature-sensitive. The energies of activation of binding and uptake were 10.5 kcal mole -1 and 22.5 kcal mole -1 , respectively. Under specific conditions, heart mitochondria accumulated calcium at a rate faster than CRS. Mitochondria could also release accumulated calcium.
Experience With Foreign Student Educational Externship in the United States
Authors: Eugene F. Lutterbeck
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In 1962, the German Medical Society of Chicago, an association of German-speaking physicians which was founded in 1897,1started a program to place qualified Austrian, German, and Swiss junior and senior medical students to serve educational externships in the United States.2We began with one student from Germany in 1962. The program expanded from year to year, and in 1968, 155 medical students from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland spent two to three months as externs in those hospitals which had the approval of the American Medical Association to train interns, residents, or both.  Our Educational Foundation conducted a survey to evaluate the program. Eighty-two percent (57 out of 65) of the Directors of Medical Education of the participating hospitals replied (Table 1), and 45% (70) of the 155 students (Table 2).  Evaluation of the Program  Hospitals.—  During 1968, 65 hospitals in 46 cities and 26 states participated in
Don’t ask, don’t tell . . . and don’t donate
Authors: Ushma S. Neill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Did you know that gay men can't donate blood, nor can they donate sperm anonymously to sperm banks? I applaud the 18 senators who have banded together to urge FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg to revisit this issue, as current scientific data on infectious diseases does not lend credence to these policies.
Mechanisms of programmed cell death in the developing brain
Authors: Chia-Yi Kuan, Kevin A. Roth, Richard A. Flavell, Pasko Rakic
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2000)

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is an important mechanism that determines the size and shape of the vertebrate nervous system. Recent gene-targeting studies have indicated that homologs of the cell-death pathway in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have analogous functions in apoptosis in the developing mammalian brain. However, epistatic genetic analysis has revealed that the apoptosis of progenitor cells during early embryonic development and apoptosis of postmitotic neurons at later stage of brain development have distinct roles and mechanisms. These results provide new insight on the significance and mechanism of neural cell death in mammalian brain development.