tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Opsonic Capacity of Serum in Chronic Heroin Addiction
Authors: D. SCOTT NICKERSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Studies of phagocytosis promoting capacity and immunoglobulin levels were conducted in a group of 25 long-term heroin addicts. Sera were collected from addicts at Lexington, Ky.; Synanon House, San Francisco; and Albuquerque, N. M. Striking increments in heat-stable opsonins for Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens were found in many addicts' sera as compared with normal control sera. Marked elevations of gamma M (up to 660 mg/100 ml) were found in many sera, accompanied by 19S antibacterial opsonins as demonstrated by separations in sucrose density gradients. Antigamma-globulin factors were present in 36% of the addicts studied. There was no impairment in ingestion or killing of test bacteria by polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained from subjects on substitution narcotic therapy.
Gene expression profiles of inflammatory breast cancer: correlation with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and metastasis-free survival
Authors: F. Bertucci, N.T. Ueno, P. Finetti, P. Vermeulen, A. Lucci, F.M. Robertson, M. Marsan, T. Iwamoto, S. Krishnamurthy, H. Masuda, P. Van Dam, W.A. Woodward, M. Cristofanilli, J.M. Reuben, L. Dirix, P. Viens, W.F. Symmans, D. Birnbaum, S.J. Van Laere
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
The Blood Volume in Various Medical and Surgical Conditions
Authors: Nathaniel I. Berlin, Grace M. Hyde, Robert J. Parsons, John H. Lawrence
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

AMONG the quantitative blood examinations frequently used in health and in abnormal states are the red-cell count and the hematocrit. Rarely in routine medical practice does the physician or surgeon determine the total red-cell volume and plasma volume. We have had extensive experience with blood-volume determination, and from the evidence presented in this paper conclude that red-cell counts are often misleading and that the determination of the blood volume turns out to be of great importance in the handling of major medical and surgical problems.Since the original description of the method by Hevesy and Zerahn1 of the in vitro . . .
THE BINDING OF PENICILLIN IN RELATION TO ITS CYTOTOXIC ACTION
Authors: Harry Eagle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

1. Bacteria exposed to C(14)- or S(35)-labelled penicillin bound and concentrated the antibiotic. The amount bound from low concentrations (0.001 to 0.01 microg. per ml.) was related to the penicillin sensitivity of the strain; and highly sensitive organisms such as Streptococcus pyogenes concentrated the antibiotic as much as 200-fold. The material bound by highly sensitive strains from these low concentrations of penicillin was removed to only a minor extent by washing. Penicillin inactivated with penicillinase, by hot H(2)SO(4) or by cold HCl was not similarly concentrated. 2. Despite wide differences in their sensitivity to penicillin, at equieffective (LD(99.9)) levels, four of the five strains here studied had bound comparable amounts of antibiotic. That lethal intracellular concentration averaged 1.7 to 4 microg. per gm., and 1600 to 3300 molecules per cell. 3. Bacteria in the logarithmic phase of growth, "resting" organisms, and cell-free sonic extracts, had roughly the same reactivity with penicillin. The differences in the amount of penicillin bound by bacteria of varying sensitivity therefore do not rest on differences in the permeability of the cell. 4. Escherichia coli (K12)-inactivated penicillin within the cell; and that inactivation adequately explains its low binding affinity, and its relative resistance. The other species here studied inactivated the diffusible cellular penicillin to only a minor degree, and not enough to explain the differences in their penicillin-sensitivity. The working hypothesis is suggested that their varying sensitivity is instead determined by differences in the reactivity of vital cell components with the antibiotic. 5. At high concentrations of antibiotic (1 to 1000 microg. per ml.), there was non-specific binding by all the cell strains and cell extracts here studied, unrelated to their sensitivity, and masking the specific differences in reactivity noted at low concentrations. At these high levels, penicilloic acid was bound to the same degree as the active antibiotic.
Abuse of Digitalis
Authors: B. J. O'Driscoll
Journal: BMJ (1965)

capacity to synthesize this enzyme-though they do not entirely lack it-is not inconsistent with the Oxford report.Temporary suppressions of the already deficient enzyme, and the quantitative relationship between it and the substrate (gluten), could account for the episodic nature of multiple sclerosis;and in a population subsisting on a high gluten-containing diet the differencesbetween normal subjects and heterozygotes in remis- sion may be too subtle to be discerned by the immunological tests.-I am, etc.,
Septicaemia Due to Flavobacterium and Mima polymorpha
Authors: M. Pinter, J. Ivanyi
Journal: BMJ (1965)

able and not in accordance with the observa- tions made in Swedish hospitals.Finally, we should like to mention that the active constituent of Complamin is not an ester but a neutral salt of nicotinic acid and a theophylline derivative with the following structure: CH3 +
Tumor necrosis factor-α is undetectable in the plasma of SS patients with elevated Hb F
Authors: R. Raghupathy, M.Z. Haider, F. Azizieh, T.M. D'Souza, R. Abdelsalam, A.D. Adekile
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Steady-state sickle cell disease (SCD) patients may have increased plasma levels of acute phase reactants and pro-inflammatory cytokines because of subclinical inflammation. We have estimated TNF-α levels in the plasma and in supernatants following peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) activation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in a group of Kuwaiti SCD patients using ELISA. The group consisted of 28 SS, 8 Sβ-thal, and 2 SD patients all in steady state; 5 SS patients were studied during 7 episodes of painful crisis. The subjects were aged 2 to 16 years, with a mean of 7.3 ± 3.5 years. The βS-globin gene cluster haplotype, α-tha1 status, and spleen function were determined in the SS group using standard techniques. Most (82%) were homozygous for the Saudi Arabia/India haplotype and had elevated Hb F levels ranging from 15% to 35%. There were 24 controls (Hb AA or AS), of whom 14 were healthy and 10 were acutely ill at the time of the study. None of the children with SCD (either in steady state or crisis) had detectable plasma TNF-α, but four controls (3 acutely ill and one healthy) had levels ranging from 61.7 to 249.8 pg/mL. Following PHA stimulation most subjects responded with high levels of TNF-α, with the median level among the steady-state SS patients being significantly higher than that in the controls (both the acutely ill or healthy). It therefore appears that because of the mild disease among our Arab SS children, TNF-α is not detectable in their plasma in steady state; these children, however, had a significantly higher response than controls following PBMC activation. Am. J. Hematol. 64:91–94, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Arterial Hypertension: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy
Authors: Donald J. Breslin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This is an excellent reference work suitable for all clinicians dealing with hypertension. In 35 chapters the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease are discussed in detail by a group of distinguished experts, the majority from West Germany. There are areas that are of particular note in this book. These include chapters providing an overview of the entire subject, the role of the CNS in hypertension, the kallikrein-kinin and prostaglandin systems, and central hemodynamics and cardiac function in hypertension. In the section dealing with elevated blood pressure in pregnancy, a controversial and important subject, an expansion of the discussion on therapy would have been welcome. The discussion of childhood hypertension includes a full presentation of coarctation of the aorta, in addition to broader aspects of the entire topic. The chapter on radiological methods of diagnosis could have benefited from a portion dealing with the technique of digital subtraction angiography
Antirestenotic effects of inhibition of balloon injury medicted apoptosis with local delivery of a caspase inhibitor
Authors: Nirat Beohar, James D. Flaherty, Charles J. Davidson, Lee A. MacDonald, Norman C. Wang, Atman P. Shah, Robert Decker, Jon W. Lumasney, Robert O. Borrow, Francis J. Klocke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Isolated Potentials During Sinus Rhythm and Pace-Mapping Within Scars as Guides for Ablation of Post-Infarction Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Frank Bogun, Eric Good, Stephen Reich, Darryl Elmouchi, Petar Igic, Kristina Lemola, David Tschopp, Krit Jongnarangsin, Hakan Oral, Aman Chugh, Frank Pelosi, Fred Morady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
864 COMBINING SUBCUTANEOUS INOCULATION OF AFP-EXPRESSING DC WITH INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF IL-12-EXPRESSING DC INCREASES SURVIVAL IN AN ESTABLISHED ORTHOTOPIC HCC MODEL
Authors: G. Decker, A. Vogt, I. Bahadori, E. Raskopf, V. Schmitz, T. Sauerbruch, W.H. Caselmann, M.A. Gonzalez-Carmona
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Wheat allergy: diagnostic accuracy of skin prick and patch tests and specific IgE
Authors: H Majamaa, P Moisio, H Majamaa, K Turjanmaa, K Holm
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Food allergy makes an important contribution to the pathogenesis of atopic eczema in infants. However, clinical data on cereal allergy are scanty. The objective was to study the relevance of patch testing, skin prick tests, and the concentration of wheat-specific IgE antibodies (CAP RAST) in correlation with oral wheat challenge in infants with suspected wheat allergy. In particular, we aimed to determine whether the patch test could increase the diagnostic accuracy in detecting wheat allergy.The study material comprised 39 infants under the age of 2 years. Of these patients, 36 were suffering from atopic eczema and three had only gastrointestinal symptoms. The patients were subjected to a double-blind, placebo-controlled or open wheat challenge. Wheat-specific IgE was measured by CAP RAST, and skin prick and patch tests were performed.Of the total 39 wheat challenges, 22 (56%) were positive. Of the positive reactions, five involved immediate-type skin reactions over a period of 2 h from the commencement of the challenge. In 17 patients, delayed-onset reactions of eczematous or gastrointestinal type appeared. Of the infants with challenge-proven wheat allergy, 20% showed elevated IgE concentrations to wheat, 23% had a positive skin prick test, and 86% had a positive patch test for wheat. The specificities of CAP RAST, skin prick tests, and patch tests were 0.93, 1.00, and 0.35, respectively.Our study demonstrated that patch testing with cereals will significantly increase the probability of early detection of cereal allergy in infants with atopic eczema and is helpful in the planning of successful elimination diets before challenge. The specificity of the patch test was lower than that of other tests. Therefore, confirmation of the diagnosis with the elimination-challenge test is essential in patients with positive patch test results.
INTERMITTENT EPOPROSTENOL (PROSTACYCLIN) INFUSION IN PATIENTS WITH RAYNAUD'S SYNDROME
Authors: JillJ.F. Belch, JohnK. Drury, Hilary Capell, CharlesD. Forbes, Peter Newman, Fiona Mckenzie, Paul Leiberman, ColinR.M. Prentice
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Profound platelet degranulation is an important side effect of some types of contrast media used in interventional cardiology.
Authors: N A Chronos, A H Goodall, D J Wilson, U Sigwart, N P Buller
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Thrombotic complications occurring during coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are relatively frequent and can be influenced by the type of radiographic contrast media used. Low osmolar contrast media (LOCM), both ionic and nonionic, have been considered to be safer than the older high osmolar contrast media (HOCM), causing less haemodynamic and symptomatic side effects. Recently, however, nonionic LOCM have been associated with an increased incidence of thrombotic events, including coronary occlusion and stroke.The effects of commonly used contrast media on platelets in native blood were investigated using immunolabeling and flow cytometry to detect platelet activation in vitro. A nonionic LOCM (Omnipaque) caused profound platelet degranulation in nearly 80% of platelets compared with 2 to 3% of platelets in the control. Conversely, an ionic HOCM (Urografin) caused only 25% degranulation, whereas an ionic LOCM (Hexabrix) caused no platelet activation and, furthermore, it inhibited the effects of thrombin on platelets. Platelet degranulation, quantified by immunolabeling, was paralleled by release of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 from platelet alpha-granules. Blood from patients anticoagulated with heparin and pretreated with standard-dose aspirin in preparation for PTCA showed the same pattern of contrast media-induced platelet activation as normal subjects.These results suggest that the type of contrast media used during invasive imaging of the vasculature could have a significant effect on platelets. Platelet degranulation within a PTCA-damaged vessel would be increased by a nonionic contrast medium, releasing procoagulant molecules and platelet-derived growth factors into the damaged vessel lumen, which might contribute to acute thrombosis and the initiation of the restenosis process.
Conformal Radiotherapy for High-Grade Gliomas: How Much Is Too Much?
Authors: Jonathan Knisely
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.99.102 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12149313 Conformal Radiotherapy for High-Grade Gliomas: How Much Is Too Much? Jonathan KniselyxJonathan KniselySearch for articles by this author Show More Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.99.102 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Review of Sofia Gruskin, Michael A. Grodin, George J. Annas, and Stephen P. Marks (eds.),<i>Perspectives on Health and Human Rights</i>. Oxford, UK: Routledge, 2005. 672 pp. $36.95, paperback
Authors: Sharona Hoffman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

Health Care and Human Rights is an emerging field of study for scholars in the areas of health law and international human rights law. It focuses on the intersection of health law issues and human ...
Barts and the London redevelopment to go ahead
Authors: Madeleine Brettingham
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A £1bn (€1.5bn; $1.7bn) deal to redevelop two of London's landmark hospitals, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London, has been approved by health secretary Patricia Hewitt.

The decision comes more than two months after Ms Hewitt threw into doubt the future of the hospitals, which together make up the Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, by announcing plans to review the redevelopment plan just after the trust had reached an agreement with contractors ( BMJ 2006;332:196, 28 Jan).

The new buildings will be run in partnership with construction firm Skanska Innisfree, the makers of Swiss Re's “gherkin.” The new accommodation will provide 1248 beds across two sites, together with modern cancer …
Urticaria haemorrhagica profunda
Authors: A. WOLLENBERG, S. HÄNEL, M. SPANNAGL, C. SANDER, G. PLEWIG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Substantial subcutaneous haemorrhage without preceding trauma or underlying bleeding disorder is a rare occurrence in dermatological practice, essentially restricted to early childhood (acute haemorrhagic oedema of childhood). We report an adolescent with a morphologically unique bleeding manifestation. A 16-year-old boy presented with two episodes of massive subcutaneous haemorrhage in association with urticarial vasculitis. There was no history of preceding trauma or haemorrhagic disorder. Haemorrhage was observed in areas typically affected by angioedema, such as the periorbital, perioral, lingual, sublingual and laryngeal areas. History revealed an atopic diathesis with hay fever and examination showed alopecia areata. An antinuclear antibody titre and the presence of lupus anticoagulant indicated transient antiphospholipid antibodies. As urticaria corresponds to urticaria profunda angioedema, we hypothesize a pathophysiological relationship between superficial urticarial vasculitis and the deep variant of urticarial vasculitic disease, leading to the unique morphology present in our patient.
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis Caused by Salmonella indiana
Authors: Craig W. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<i>SALMONELLA</i>have long been known to cause a chronic carrier state, especially in association with gallbladder disease. In such cases, cholecystectomy is a well-established procedure, although it fails in 25% to 35%.<sup>1</sup>Acute cholecystitis associated with nontyphosa<i>Salmonella</i>infection is unusual. Its occurrence without cholelithiasis is rare. Bonta and Lovinggood<sup>2</sup>reported one case caused by<i>S oranienberg</i>in a child and another, with<i>S paratyphi</i>, was reported by Main.<sup>3</sup>We describe a third. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 33-year-old tavern owner sought medical advice because of aching abdominal pain and soreness in the right upper quadrant for three days. The pain was abrupt in onset, with associated right-shoulder discomfort, nausea, and anorexia. By the time of his examination the pain had subsided, but soreness persisted. His medical history was unremarkable except for a similar episode with fever and jaundice, which had prompted a brief hospitalization in another
Treatment of polycythemia vera with hydroxyurea
Authors: Paul B. Donovan, Manuel E. Kaplan, Judith D. Goldberg, Ilana Tatarsky, Yves Najean, Edward B. Silberstein, William H. Knospe, John Laszlo, Karen Mack, Paul D. Berk, Louis R. Wasserman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Conventional treatment of polycythemia vera (PV) with radioactive phosphorus or alkylating agents is associated with a significant excess of acute leukemia and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and skin. There is thus a need for a nonmutagenic agent in the treatment of this disorder. Hydroxyurea (HU) was administered to 118 patients with a loading dose of 30 mg/kg/day for 1 week, which was then reduced to 15 mg/kg/day. Initial control of the elevated hematocrit and platelet count was achieved within 12 weeks in over 80% of patients. Long‐term disease control was defined and the accumulative 1‐year failure‐free survival was 73% in the previously untreated patients and 59% in those patients previously treated with other myelosuppressive modalities. The HU was well tolerated and cytopenia, which generally occurred within the first 8 weeks of therapy, was transient and of little clinical significance. However, it is recommended because of this toxicity that HU be administered initially at a dose of 15‐20 mg/kg/day. Three patients developed acute leukemia; two were untreated and one had had myelosuppressive therapy. Hydroxyurea is an effective agent in the treatment of PV, but continued assessment of its mutagenic potential is necessary.
Left Atrial Size and Atrial Fibrillation in Mitral Stenosis
Authors: PETER PROBST, NORA GOLDSCHLAGER, ARTHUR SELZER
Journal: Circulation (1973)

In a series of 135 patients with mitral valvular stenosis, three groups were identified: those in sinus rhythm, those with intermittent atrial fibrillation, and those with longstanding, established atrial fibrillation. Examination of the relationships between atrial fibrillation, hemodynamic findings and radiologic data in mitral stenosis was undertaken. Analysis of clinical and hemodynamic factors in the three groups revealed that: 1) age is an etiological factor in the production of atrial fibrillation, as suggested by the age distribution among the three groups; 2) left atrial enlargement may be the result, rather than the cause, of atrial fibrillation; and 3) severity of mitral stenosis is not invariably related to the incidence of atrial fibrillation. Hemodynamic measurements were not significantly different among the three groups, with the single exception of lower cardiac outputs found in patients with established atrial fibrillation. Since no single consequence of mitral stenosis always produces atrial fibrillation, it is suggested that several factors in different combinations can initiate the self-perpetuating process of atrial fibrillation and that the classic form of the arrhythmia may lead secondarily to left atrial enlargement.
Primary angioplasty under distal protection is a useful strategy to obtain optimal myocardial reperfusion compared to the primary angioplasty with thrombectomy device in acute myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Hirotaka Komatsu, Masato Nakamura, Naoki Ito, Takahiro Tsuji, Masato Yamamoto, Hidehiko Hara, Hisao Hara, Hironori Hirai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
P3-151: EGFR mutation–based phase II multicenter trial of gefitinib in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Results of West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group trial (WJTOG0403)
Authors: Yoshiko Urata, Takashi Seto, Isamu Okamoto, Tatsuhiko Kashii, Tomonori Hirashima, Shinzo Kudoh, Noriyuki Ebi, Taroh Satoh, Kenji Tamura, Masahiro Fukuoka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of Low-Dose Etoposide with Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus in Human Glioblastoma Stem Cell Xenografts
Authors: Tooba A. Cheema, Ryuichi Kanai, Geon Woo Kim, Hiroaki Wakimoto, Brent Passer, Samuel D. Rabkin, Robert L. Martuza
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) inevitably recurs despite surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. A subpopulation of tumor cells, GBM stem cells (GSC), has been implicated in this recurrence. The chemotherapeutic agent etoposide is generally reserved for treating recurrent tumors; however, its effectiveness is limited due to acute and cumulative toxicities to normal tissues. We investigate a novel combinatorial approach of low-dose etoposide with an oncolytic HSV to enhance antitumor activity and limit drug toxicity. Experimental Design: In vitro, human GBM cell lines and GSCs were treated with etoposide alone, oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) G47Δ alone, or the combination. Cytotoxic interactions were analyzed using the Chou–Talalay method, and changes in caspase-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle were determined. In vivo, the most etoposide-resistant human GSC, BT74, was implanted intracranially and treated with either treatment alone or the combination. Analysis included effects on survival, therapy-associated adverse events, and histologic detection of apoptosis. Results: GSCs varied in their sensitivity to etoposide by over 50-fold in vitro, whereas their sensitivity to G47Δ was similar. Combining G47Δ with low-dose etoposide was moderately synergistic in GSCs and GBM cell lines. This combination did not enhance virus replication, but significantly increased apoptosis. In vivo, the combination of a single cycle of low-dose etoposide with G47Δ significantly extended survival of mice-bearing etoposide–insensitive intracranial human GSC–derived tumors. Conclusions: The combination of low-dose etoposide with G47Δ increases survival of mice-bearing intracranial human GSC–derived tumors without adverse side effects. These results establish this as a promising combination strategy to treat resistant and recurrent GBM. Clin Cancer Res; 17(23); 7383–93. ©2011 AACR.