tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Hyper- and Hypoglycemia Among Inpatients With Diabetes
Authors: Deborah J. Wexler, James B. Meigs, Enrico Cagliero, David M. Nathan, Richard W. Grant
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The recent demonstration (1–3) of the benefits of intensive glycemic control in hospitalized patients has renewed interest in inpatient management of diabetes. Poor glycemic control is a marker for poor quality of hospital care (4), as well as an important safety issue: insulin is one of five medications most associated with inpatient medication errors (5,6). Moreover, many hospitals continue to solely rely on insulin “sliding scales” despite the limitations of this approach (7,8). To gain a broader understanding of the current quality of inpatient diabetes management, we analyzed the prevalence and management of hyper- and hypoglycemia among 999 patients with known diabetes treated in 44 hospitals across the U.S.

Data were derived from two sources: the University Health System Consortium (UHC) Diabetes Benchmarking Project and VHA, Inc. The UHC project collected inpatient and outpatient data in 2003 by standardized chart review of 274 patients aged ≥18 years with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (diagnosed by their outpatient physicians), who were admitted as inpatients to 1 of 29 academic medical centers located in 20 states. Chart reviewers identified the highest and lowest glucose values during hospital admissions and recorded the highest and lowest glucose results for the 2 days preceding and following the peak and nadir.

In 2003–2004, 15 member hospitals of VHA, Inc, an alliance that serves ∼1,400 not-for-profit U.S. hospitals, performed baseline chart reviews on 725 general medical and surgical patients aged >18 …
Oxaliplatin Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Adult Cancer Patients with Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Chris H. Takimoto, Martin A. Graham, Graham Lockwood, Chee M. Ng, Andrew Goetz, Dennis Greenslade, Scot C. Remick, Sunil Sharma, Sridhar Mani, Ramesh K. Ramanathan, Timothy W. Synold, James H. Doroshow, Anne Hamilton, Daniel L. Mulkerin, Percy Ivy, Merrill J. Egorin, Jean L. Grem
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxaliplatin in cancer patients with impaired renal function. Experimental Design: Thirty-four patients were stratified by 24-h urinary creatinine clearance (CrCL) into four renal dysfunction groups: group A (control, CrCL, ≥60 mL/min), B (mild, CrCL, 40-59 mL/min), C (moderate, CrCL, 20-39 mL/min), and D (severe, CrCL, &amp;lt;20 mL/min). Patients were treated with 60 to 130 mg/m2 oxaliplatin infused over 2 h every 3 weeks. Pharmacokinetic monitoring of platinum in plasma, plasma ultrafiltrates, and urine was done during cycles 1 and 2. Results: Plasma ultrafiltrate platinum clearance strongly correlated with CrCL (r2 = 0.712). Platinum elimination from plasma was triphasic, and maximal platinum concentrations (Cmax) were consistent across all renal impairment groups. However, only the β-half-life was significantly prolonged by renal impairment, with values of 14.0 ± 4.3, 20.3 ± 17.7, 29.2 ± 29.6, and 68.1 h in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively (P = 0.002). At a dose level of 130 mg/m2, the area under the concentration time curve increased in with the degree of renal impairment, with values of 16.4 ± 5.03, 39.7 ± 11.5, and 44.6 ± 14.6 μg·h/mL, in groups A, B, and C, respectively. However, there was no increase in pharmacodynamic drug-related toxicities. Estimated CrCL using the Cockcroft-Gault method approximated the measured 24-h urinary CrCL (mean prediction error, −5.0 mL/min). Conclusions: Oxaliplatin pharmacokinetics are altered in patients with renal impairment, but a corresponding increase in oxaliplatin-related toxicities is not observed.
One Foot Away
Authors: Rainald A. Zeuner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

report the results of a retrospective cohort study undertaken in an attempt to provide a definitive answer about whether to screen pregnant women for group B streptococcus.Unfortunately, such an answer can be determined only by randomized, controlled trials.There were significant differences between the groupsnotably, differences in ethnic background, the rate of preterm delivery, and the adequacy of prenatal care, as well as geographic differences in approach.There was a significant difference in antibiotic use between the groups, suggesting that the assumption that 98 percent of obstetricians had a plan to deal with group B streptococcal infection is flawed.Women with group B streptococcal bacteriuria or previous invasive disease were included in the analysis, although adherence to the recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention would have removed them from consideration for screening.There was clearly an attempt to control for confounders, but the inability to control for unseen confounders remains a concern.A more appropriate conclusion would be that the study provides compelling evidence in support of conducting a randomized, controlled trial to discern the best approach for preventing group B streptococcal infection.Our concern is that physicians and groups making recommendations will interpret these data as evidence that screening is the best approach and that this will become the standard of care before the definitive studies can be conducted.
Cyclic Fluctuation of Sweat Electrolytes in Women
Authors: Jack Lieberman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Spontaneous fluctuations in sweat electrolyte levels were studied in 57 women, including 21 mothers of children with cystic fibrosis (C/F mothers), and in nine men, to determine the effect of the menstrual cycle upon sweat salinity and to see if differences were apparent between C/F heterozygotes and controls. Sweat sodium and chloride concentrations, but not potassium, followed a cyclic pattern in 50% of the premenopausal women. The cyclic fluctuations appeared to follow the known hormonal pattern of the menstrual cycle with both "ovulatory" and "premenstrual" peaks of sweat salinity. Oral administration of a thiazide diuretic prevented or reversed the cyclic rise in sweat salinity, suggesting that the cyclic phenomenon is related to salt and water retention during the menstrual cycle. A single "sweat test" is inadequate for the detection of genetic heterozygotes for cystic fibrosis, because of the variability of sweat salinity. A greater percentage of C/F mothers had occasional sweat chloride determinations above 40 mEq/L than did the controls. Persistently high sweat salinity in an adult may be an indication of the genetic abnormality.
The Need for Adult Therapeutic Care in Emergency Feeding Programs
Authors: Steve Collins
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Natural History of the So-Called Aneurysm of the Membranous Ventricular Septum in Childhood
Authors: ROBERT M. FREEDOM, ROBERT D. WHITE, DANIEL R. PIERONI, P. JACOB VARGHESE, L. JEROME KROVETZ, RICHARD D. ROWE
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Fifty-six children with isolated membranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) included in the National Natural History Cooperative Study for Congenital Heart Disease were studied at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Center to determine the occurrence and natural history of an associated "aneurysm of the membranous septum" (AMS). These patients represented a wide range of ages and VSD size. Each child was evaluated by two cardiac catheterizations four years apart, with regular clinical examinations in the interval. The diagnosis of AMS was based on angiographic criteria, and as such may encompass several distinct anatomic lesions. Twenty children had AMS at the first catheterization; all were over age two, and all but one had a pulmonic-to-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) of less than 2.0, with normal intracardiac pressures. Four years later, repeat catheterization revealed only minor changes in Qp/Qs and angiographic appearance of the aneurysms in this group. Twelve new cases of AMS were also demonstrated at the second study; seven of these children underwent a significant diminution in Qp/Qs during the period in which the aneurysm was formed. No cases of spontaneous anatomic closure were observed in the course of our study, nor were there any serious complications which could be attributed to the presence of an aneurysm. Overall, AMS was found in 32 of 56 patients (57%), and in 31 of 44 (70%) of those with a Qp/Qs less than 2.0. These findings suggest that AMS is common among children with small membranous VSD, and that its course in childhood is usually stable and asymptomatic. Although anatomic closure of the VSD was not observed during this four year study, our data support suggestions that aneurysm formation may play an important role in some cases of spontaneous diminution in the functional size of an associated membranous VSD.
Tau Mislocalization to Dendritic Spines Mediates Synaptic Dysfunction Independently of Neurodegeneration
Authors: Brian R. Hoover, Miranda N. Reed, Jianjun Su, Rachel D. Penrod, Linda A. Kotilinek, Marianne K. Grant, Rose Pitstick, George A. Carlson, Lorene M. Lanier, Li-Lian Yuan, Karen H. Ashe, Dezhi Liao
Journal: Neuron (2010)
SUBDIAPHRAGMATIC GONORRHEAL ABSCESS
Authors: G. D. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Subdiaphragmatic or subphrenic abscess usually results secondary to infection in the upper abdomen, such as rupture of duodenal or gastric ulcer, hepatic abscess, rupture of empyema through the diaphragm, and occasionally ascending infection from appendical abscess. In looking through the literature I have failed to find a case of subphrenic abscess due to gonorrheal infection, although Curtis<sup>1</sup>has recently described "violin-string or banded adhesions between the liver and the abdominal wall," observed frequently in women with pelvic gonorrheal disease. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —Miss E. R., aged 15, Negress, single, entered the Mary Sherman Hospital, May 28, 1930, at 12:30 a. m. The patient was first seen at her home six hours before. May 24, she had awakened during the night complaining of pain in the upper part of the abdomen. At first this pain was of a cramping character, and she was not nauseated. Menstruation had begun the
DIFFUSION OF SULFONAMIDE COMPOUNDS INTO THE HUMAN PERICARDIUM
Authors: MORRIS H. NATHANSON
Journal: JAMA (1941)

With the introduction of methods for the estimation of sulfonamide compounds in blood and tissue, it was soon found that these compounds passed readily into most body tissue and fluids. 1 Observations have been made on saliva, milk, pleural fluid, spinal fluid, skin and sweat, bile, pancreatic juice, synovial fluid, placental blood and urine. With the exception of urine and spinal fluid, observations have not been extensive and there is still considerable information lacking concerning the distribution pattern of the various sulfonamide compounds in the body.  Long and Bliss 2 state that in the case of sulfanilamide the level in most body fluids is from 10 to 25 per cent lower than in the blood. Sulfanilamide is apparently more diffusible than sulfapyridine or sulfathiazole.  Long and Finestone 3 observed that sulfapyridine passed over into the spinal fluid in from one half to three fourths of the concentration which exists in
"Weak" safety culture behind errors, says chief medical officer
Authors: S. Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Incidences of serious medical errors in clinical practice are rarely solely the fault of individual healthcare workers but are the fault of the entire system, Professor Liam Donaldson, England's chief medical officer, told NHS managers at a conference on patient safety in London last week.

“Twenty five per cent of medical errors worldwide are caused by medication errors alone,” he noted in his keynote address.

For errors occurring in the United Kingdom, he blamed poor design of the NHS's safety systems, inadequate reporting processes, and …
Lymphomatoid papulosis in children: a study of 10 children registered by the Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Working Group
Authors: F.J.M.A. Van Neer, J. Toonstra, P.C. Van Voorst Vader, R. Willemze, W.A. Van Vloten
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Lymphomatoid papulosis in children: a study of 10 children registered by the Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Working Group Get access F.J.M.A. Van Neer, F.J.M.A. Van Neer Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Toonstra, J. Toonstra Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.C. Van Voorst Vader, P.C. Van Voorst Vader Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Willemze, R. Willemze Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.A. Van Vloten W.A. Van Vloten Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands W.A.van Vloten. E‐mail: w.a.vanvloten@wxs.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 2, 1 February 2001, Pages 351–354, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04025.x Published: 01 February 2001
Contemporary Prostate Cancer Prevalence among T1c Biopsy-Referred Men with a Prostate-Specific Antigen Level ≤ 4.0ng per Milliliter
Authors: Sascha A. Ahyai, Markus Graefen, Thomas Steuber, Alexander Haese, Thorsten Schlomm, Jochen Walz, Jens Köllermann, Alberto Briganti, Mario Zacharias, Martin G. Friedrich, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Francesco Montorsi, Hartwig Huland, Felix K.-H. Chun
Journal: European Urology (2007)
The Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance among Haitians
Authors: Arthur E. Pitchenik, Bertrand W. Russell, Timothy Cleary, Ilija Pejovic, Clifford Cole, Dixie E. Snider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

TUBERCULOSIS is a major health problem among Haitians who have recently entered southern Florida. Among those medically screened on arrival, we found that the prevalence of tuberculosis was 650 cases per 100,000 population. A high proportion of patients with culture-proved cases were excreting organisms resistant to isoniazid. Resistance to other antituberculosis drugs was uncommon. Because of these findings, we recommend that physicians who treat Haitian patients maintain a strong suspicion of tuberculosis. Furthermore, Haitian patients with tuberculosis should have drug-susceptibility tests performed routinely and should be treated initially with isoniazid and two or more additional drugs.MethodsHaitian Entrants Screened . . .
Abstract 269: DACH1 (Dachshund homolog 1) attenuates forkhead signaling through recruiting transcription elongation regulator 1 (TCERG1)
Authors: Chenguang Wang, Jie Zhou, Kongming Wu, Aydin Tozeren, Keji Zhao, Richard G. Pestell
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The Drosophila Dachshund (Dac) gene, cloned as a dominant inhibitor of the hyperactive growth factor mutant, ellipse, encodes a key component of the Retinal Determination Gene Network (RDGN) that governs cell fate. DACH1 (Dachshund homolog 1) regulates gene expression either indirectly as a co-integrator or through direct DNA binding. CAST identified a DACH1 DNA-binding sequence which resembles the FOX (Forkhead Box containing protein) binding site. Genome-wide in-silico promoter analysis of DACH1 binding sites identified gene clusters populating cellular pathways associated with the cell cycle and growth factor signaling. ChIP-Seq mapped DACH1 binding sites to corresponding gene clusters predicted in silico and identified as weight matrix resembling the CAST-defined sequence. DACH1 antagonized FOXM1 target gene expression, promoter occupancy in the context of local chromatin, and contact-independent growth. Further studies were conducted to understand, at a higher level of resolution, the mechanisms governing DACH1-mediated transcriptional repression via DNA-sequence specific binding. DACH1 repressed, while FOX proteins enhanced, both DRE and FOXA responsive element-driven gene expression. Reduced DACH1 expression using a shRNA approach enhanced FOX protein activity. As DACH1 antagonized FOX target gene expression and attenuated FOX signaling, we sought to identify limiting co-integrator proteins governing DACH1 signaling. Proteomic analysis identified transcription elongation regulator 1 (TCERG1) as the transcriptional co-regulator of DACH1 activity. The FF2 domain of TCERG1 was required for DACH1 binding, and the deletion of FF2 abolished DACH1 trans-repression function. The carboxyl terminus of DACH1 was necessary and sufficient for TCERG1 binding. Thus, DACH1 represses gene transcription through direct DNA binding to the promoter region of target genes by recruiting the transcriptional co-regulator, TCERG1. Attenuation of FOX function by the cell fate determination pathway has broad implications given the diverse role of FOX proteins in cellular biology and tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 269. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-269
Antitumor Immunity After Vaccination With B Lymphoma Cells Overexpressing a Triad of Costimulatory Molecules
Authors: J. Briones, J. M. Timmerman, D. L. Panicalli, R. Levy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

The costimulatory molecules B7-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and leukocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3) play pivotal roles in the activation of T cells. We investigated whether in vivo vaccination with lymphoma cells infected with a recombinant, nonreplicating fowlpox (FP) virus encoding this triad of costimulatory molecules (TRICOM) could stimulate lymphoma-specific immunity.TRICOM-infected A20 B lymphoma cells were analyzed for expression of B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3. Mice (10 per group) were vaccinated with irradiated A20 cells infected with either the TRICOM vector or the wild-type FP virus (WT-FP), challenged with live A20 tumor cells, and followed for survival. Mice with established A20 tumors were also treated with irradiated TRICOM-infected A20 cells. Survival curves were compared with the log-rank statistic. The mechanism of the antitumor effect was studied by in vivo depletion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and in vitro cytotoxicity assays. All statistical tests were two-sided.A20 tumor cells infected with TRICOM expressed high levels of B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3. Mice vaccinated with irradiated TRICOM-infected A20 cells had prolonged survival relative to mice vaccinated with WT-FP-infected cells (80% versus 20% survival at 110 days; P<.001). In mice with established tumors, tumor growth was slower in those treated with TRICOM-infected tumor cells than in those treated with WT-FP-infected cells, and this treatment provided a survival advantage (P<.001). Depletion of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells reduced the antitumor immunity provided by the tumor cell-TRICOM vaccine, and lymphocytes from vaccinated mice displayed in vitro cytotoxic activity toward A20 cells.Increasing expression of costimulatory molecules on B lymphoma cells by infection with a recombinant FP virus encoding B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3 stimulates antitumor immune responses in vivo and may provide a novel strategy for treating patients with B-cell malignancies.
When women win
Authors: Laura Betzig
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

In Homo sapiens and other species, promiscuity, risk-taking, and aggression are less matters of sex (having XX vs. XY) than gender (giving PI vs. resources and/or genes). Classic role reversals include: sea-horses, polyandrous birds, and a few heiresses in England and Rome. Unlike other females, but like many males, they are assertive, they take chances, and they are not chaste.
Identification of cyclic cystathionine sulfoxide and N-acetylcyclic cystathionine in the urine of a patient with cystathioninuria using liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface system
Authors: Jianying Zhang, Kazunori Sugahara, Yasuhiro Sagara, Kazuko Hashimoto, Noriyoshi Masuoka, Hiroyuki Kodama
Journal: Metabolism (1996)
Exercise Underutilized in Arthritis Therapy
Authors: Cori Vanchieri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Currents15 October 1997Exercise Underutilized in Arthritis TherapyCori VanchieriCori VanchieriSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-8_Part_1-199710150-00043 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail While researchers develop future treatments for arthritis, others educate patients about the substantial benefit of regularly exercising now.Rather than avoid physical activity, an approach used by many people with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, “patients must exercise,” said Debra R. Lappin, chair of the Arthritis Foundation.The 1990-1991 National Health Interview Survey indicates that arthritis was present in about 20% of U.S. adults. More than one third of adults with arthritis engaged in no leisure-time physical activity, a substantially higher percentage than that in persons without arthritis. Another third were physically active on an irregular basis (MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1997Volume 127, Issue 8_Part_1Page: 663 Issue Published: 15 October 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
An Opening Snap Recorded in a Case of Tumor of the Left Atrium
Authors: Neville M. Lefcoe, Francis S. Brien, George W. Manning
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

MYXOMA of the left atrium has been described, classically, as giving rise to signs of mitral stenosis, as well as congestive heart failure and arrhythmias, and often presenting as syncopal attacks or sudden death. More than 100 cases have been reported, the largest group clinically resembling mitral stenosis.In 1931 Ludwig1 collected from the literature 21 cases that showed the murmurs of mitral stenosis. No mention was made of an opening snap. In a case reported by Bien and Ch'in2 in 1936, a third heart sound was heard at the apex. Many reports have appeared since, and of note is . . .