tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PROCEDURAL BENEFIT OF SOFT AND TAPERED TIP GUIDEWIRE USE AS A FIRST CHOICE FOR CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION REVASCULARIZATION
Authors: Akiko Fujino, Hiroki Sakamoto, Masashi Fujino, Takafumi Yamane, Taichi Adachi, Toshikazu Jinnai, Jun&ndash;ichi Kotani, Teruo Noguchi, Satoshi Yasuda, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
PWE-115 Alpha-Fetoprotein Measurement in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Real-Life Practice: A Multi-Centre, Retrospective Analysis
Authors: K Wright, E Harrod, G Webb, J Collier, D Gorard, A Evans
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), earlier diagnosisimproves outcome but the optimum method of surveillance in high-risk groups is controversial. Recent AASLD and EASL guidelines[1.2] have recommended six- monthly ultrasound surveillance (USS) alone. British guidelines[3] currently recommend combining serial alpha-fetoprotein (aFP) measurements with six-monthly USS. This study aimed to assess the role of aFP measurement in HCC surveillance programmes. <h3>Methods</h3> This large retrospective multicentre study assessed newly diagnosed HCC over a 5-year period (2006–2011) at three centres: two general hospitals and one tertiary referral centre. Electronic and multi-disciplinary team data were reviewed. <h3>Results</h3> 111 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HCC were identified. Of these, 91(81.9%) were male and the median age was 69 years (range 24–87). 52(46.8%) patients with newly diagnosed HCC had established liver disease prior to diagnosis. Of these, 21(40.4%) were participating in combined USS-aFP surveillance, 2(3.8%) USS alone and 1(1.9%) aFP alone. A diagnosis of HCC was confirmed by liver biopsy in 43(38.7%), CT in 41(36.9%), MRI in 25(22.5%) and USS combined with elevated aFP in 2(1.8%). At diagnosis, aFP was elevated in 81(73.0%), normal in 22(19.8%) and unmeasured in 8(7.2%) patients. Of those 21 diagnosed in an established surveillance programme of six- monthly USS and aFP, 17(81.0%) showed a rise in aFP. When assessing the trigger for confirmatory cross-sectional imaging ± biopsy across all data, a solely elevated aFP prompted further investigation in 11(9.9%); in those under surveillance, this number was 7(29.2%) with no abnormality detected on USS within the preceding three-month period in 6(85.7%) of these. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These results demonstrate that a significant number of patients would have had a delayed diagnosis of HCC if aFP measurement was removed from UK screening programmes. Potential contributing factors limiting the success of USS- based screening programmes include: small lesion size, sonographer error, patient factors limiting USS accuracy (e.g. body habitus) and irregular attendance for USS. This study supports continued serial measurement of aFP in patients with liver cirrhosis in contrast to European and American guidelines. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Hepatology, vol. 53(3)1020–1022, Mar. 2011. Journal of Hepatology, vol. 56(4)908–943, Apr. 2012 Gut, vol. 52(3)iii1-iii8, 2003.
Chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine versus fluorouracil for locally advanced rectal cancer: a randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial
Authors: Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz, Frederik Wenz, Stefan Post, Axel Matzdorff, Stephan Laechelt, Jörg T Hartmann, Lothar Müller, Hartmut Link, Markus Moehler, Erika Kettner, Elisabeth Fritz, Udo Hieber, Hans Walter Lindemann, Martina Grunewald, Stephan Kremers, Christian Constantin, Matthias Hipp, Gernot Hartung, Deniz Gencer, Peter Kienle, Iris Burkholder, Andreas Hochhaus
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Shock with Renal Failure in Patients Due to Gram-negative Bacteria.
Authors: Jack L. Reddin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Shock with Renal Failure in Patients Due to Gram-negative Bacteria.Jack L. Reddin, M.D.Jack L. Reddin, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-734_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBacteremia due to gram-negative organisms can cause a spectrum of clinical manifestations of varying severity. Twenty-seven cases of this type of bacteremic shock complicated by renal insufficiency were selectively and personally studied over a 4-yr period. Further studies showed that hypotension and renal failure occurred in 42% of all the patients having bacteremia due to gram-negative organisms, with a resulting mortality rate of 63% having this combination.A combination of malignancy, obstructive disease of the genitourinary or biliary tracts, or both was present in approximately 30% of the 27 cases. The mean age of these patients was 63 years and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Minneapolis, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 734-734KeywordsBacteremiaBiliary systemDeath ratesGram negative bacteriaHypotensionRenal failureShock Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Communication and miscommunication of risk: understanding UK parents' attitudes to combined MMR vaccination
Authors: P. Bellaby
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In this article on the public perception of risks Paul Bellaby considers three examples of risks to children in the UK–an insignificant risk (autism caused by MMR vaccine), a real but probably small risk (vCJD from BSE), and a real and demonstrably larger risk (injuries from road crashes) and contrasts the perceptions of the risks by parents 

Science cannot prove a negative, but, where their children are concerned, parents want to be assured that risk is zero. Would establishing a comprehensive “Richter scale” of risks remove that misunderstanding? If not, then what accounts for miscommunication of risk and how might it be overcome? In this article I try to provide answers by considering public perception of three risks, each of a different order, all involving children:

In 1998 Wakefield was the first to make the claim that autism and the MMR vaccine are linked.1 It is based on a dozen clinical cases of gastrointestinal disorders with which developmental regression seemed to be linked. They arose in previously normal children. His team found that eight of the 12 parents attributed the onset to the MMR vaccination. On a population level, diagnoses of autism increased rapidly from 1988, when MMR was introduced, and through the 1990s, not only in Britain but also in North America. Yet epidemiological studies have found no link between increasing numbers of diagnoses of autism and the introduction of MMR vaccine.2 3 The weight of scientific opinion is that the risk is insignificant.

By contrast, there is both laboratory and epidemiological evidence for the transmission of BSE from cattle to humans. Consumption …
On Awakening Paralyzed During Surgery
Authors: Inger-Lise Silbergleit
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> By reading R. S. Blacher's article, I was prompted to write about a case I had witnessed. A 39-year-old woman had surgery for acute appendicitis. I had observed her for several years for mild hypertension, and she had a history of depression, but at the time of her recent illness she appeared very stable and healthy. I was not in attendance from the time of the surgical consultation until the fifth postoperative day. When I then asked how she was recovering and if she had had much pain after surgery she said, "After, no; that is nothing. It hurts and they give me a shot, and it takes the pain away. But the operation was terrible! So painful, like a nightmare." It turned out that she had definite recall of painful stimuli during surgery. She also recalled people and conversations from the operating room, although this was
Upper gastrointestinal tract polyps in familial adenomatosis coli.
Authors: H Jarvinen, M Nyberg, P Peltokallio
Journal: Gut (1983)

Upper gastrointestinal tract polyps were sought prospectively using endoscopy and biopsy in 34 patients with familial adenomatosis coli belonging to 18 unrelated families. Gastric and/or duodenal polyps, usually small and multiple, occurred in 28 patients (82%). Histologically verified extracolonic adenomas were present in 19 patients (56%). Gastric adenomas, all in the antrum, and duodenal adenomas occurred in four (12%) and 16 (48%) patients, respectively. In one patient, a duodenal adenocarcinoma and a bile duct adenoma were also found, and one patient had an adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts. Multiple non-neoplastic polyps were found in 19 patients (56%), most often in the stomach and also in the duodenum in 12 patients; they co-existed often with adenomas. In addition, there were nine patients with ileal polyps, most of them showing lymphoid hyperplasia but also one with adenomas. It is suggested that familial adenomatosis affects the whole gastrointestinal tract, not only the colon and rectum as believed earlier. Although upper gastrointestinal tract adenomas are not as consistent and multiple as those in the colon, and probably do not require prophylactic surgery, regular lifelong endoscopic follow up is warranted because of obviously increased cancer risk.
Quantitative Analysis of the Microvascular Architecture Observed on Magnification Endoscopy in Cancerous and Benign Gastric Lesions
Authors: A. Ohashi, Y. Niwa, N. Ohmiya, R. Miyahara, A. Itoh, Y. Hirooka, H. Goto
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Gastric cancer remains a common malignant tumor in Japan. The aim of this study was to attempt a quantitative evaluation of the microvascular architecture observed by magnification endoscopy using image analysis, and to investigate whether this method is able to distinguish between gastric cancers and benign lesions. Patients and Methods: A total of 132 patients were studied using magnification endoscopy, and image analysis was performed in 71 patients (32 patients with early gastric cancer, 39 patients with benign lesions). Analysis was not possible in the other 61 patients because the quality of the image was not good enough. A square region of interest was selected from the magnified images of the gastric mucosa. From this we extracted the vascular images corresponding to microvessels and calculated the mean caliber of vessels in the region of interest. Results: Image analysis provided good-quality images of microvessels and enabled evaluation of the microvascular architecture. The mean caliber of vessels was 4.454 pixels in 17 differentiated adenocarcinomas, 4.319 pixels in 15 undifferentiated adenocarcinomas, and 4.034 pixels in the 39 benign lesions. This represented a significant difference between gastric cancers and benign lesions (P < 0.0001). Histopathological investigation of surgically resected tumors demonstrated the mean caliber of microvessels in cancerous lesions to be greater than that of microvessels in the surrounding mucosa. Conclusions: Image analysis was useful for evaluating the microvascular architecture of the gastric mucosa, and calculation of the mean caliber of the vessels may prove helpful in the differential diagnosis of gastric cancers. However, analysis was not possible in 61 of the 132 patients studied because of inadequate image quality, and this represents a significant limitation of this diagnostic method.
Rotenone, Paraquat, and Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Caroline M. Tanner, Freya Kamel, G. Webster Ross, Jane A. Hoppin, Samuel M. Goldman, Monica Korell, Connie Marras, Grace S. Bhudhikanok, Meike Kasten, Anabel R. Chade, Kathleen Comyns, Marie Barber Richards, Cheryl Meng, Benjamin Priestley, Hubert H. Fernandez, Franca Cambi, David M. Umbach, Aaron Blair, Dale P. Sandler, J. William Langston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

BackgroundMitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are pathophysiologic mechanisms implicated in experimental models and genetic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Certain pesticides may affect these mechanisms, but no pesticide has been definitively associated with PD in humans.ObjectivesOur goal was to determine whether pesticides that cause mitochondrial dysfunction or oxidative stress are associated with PD or clinical features of parkinsonism in humans.MethodsWe assessed lifetime use of pesticides selected by mechanism in a case–control study nested in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). PD was diagnosed by movement disorders specialists. Controls were a stratified random sample of all AHS participants frequency-matched to cases by age, sex, and state at approximately three controls: one case.ResultsIn 110 PD cases and 358 controls, PD was associated with use of a group of pesticides that inhibit mitochondrial complex I [odds ratio (OR) = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0–2.8] including rotenone (OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3–4.7) and with use of a group of pesticides that cause oxidative stress (OR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2–3.6), including paraquat (OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4–4.7).ConclusionsPD was positively associated with two groups of pesticides defined by mechanisms implicated experimentally—those that impair mitochondrial function and those that increase oxidative stress—supporting a role for these mechanisms in PD pathophysiology.
Melphalan May Be a More Potent Leukemogen than Cyclophosphamide
Authors: M. H. Greene, E. L. Harris, David M Gershenson, G. D. Malkasian, L. J. Melton, A. J. Dembo, J. M. Bennett, W. C. Moloney, J. D. Boice
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

We have evaluated the relation between alkylating agents and leukemic disorders in 3363 1-year survivors of ovarian cancer who were treated in five randomized clinical trials and at two large medical centers. Overall, 28 patients developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (expected, 1.2) and 7 developed preleukemia. A 93-fold increased risk for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia was seen in 1794 women treated with chemotherapy; the incidence of leukemic disorders was 7.7/1000 women per year. Risk was highest 5 to 6 years after the first treatment and appeared to decrease thereafter. The use of radiation therapy did not affect risk. The 10-year cumulative risk (mean ± SE) of acquiring a leukemic disorder was 8.5% ± 1.6% after treatment with any alkylating agent, 11.2% ± 2.6% after treatment with melphalan, and 5.4% ± 3.2% after cyclophosphamide treatment. A dose-response relationship was apparent in 605 women receiving melphalan and suggested in 333 women receiving cyclophosphamide. Women receiving melphalan were two to three times as likely to develop leukemic disorders than were women receiving cyclophosphamide. These data indicate that choice of chemotherapeutic agent and drug dosage may influence significantly the risk for long-term adverse effects of cancer therapy.
A HEMOLYTIC MODIFICATION OF THE HEMAGGLUTINATION TEST FOR ANTIBODIES AGAINST TUBERCLE BACILLUS ANTIGENS
Authors: Gardner Middlebrook
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

A specific hemagglutination reaction has been described (1) between the sera of tuberculous experimental animals or human beings and sheep erythrocytes treated with extracts or products of the culture filtrates of tubercle bacilli. Observations on this reaction have been confirmed and extended by other investigators (2-6). The present paper is concerned with a modification of this test which involves the addition of complement to the reaction system and thereby often transforms the reaction from one of hemagglutination to one of hemolysis. This hemolytic phenomenon was first observed while investigating the possibility of using tuberculous patients' own red cells instead of sheep red cells for performing the hemagglutination reaction. It has been independently observed by Fisher and Keogh in studies on the application of the hemagglutination test for tuberculosis in cattle (7); and what appears to be the same phenomenon has recently been observed in serologic studies on trypanosomiasis (8).
The Yale Guide to Ophthalmic Surgery
Authors: Jay Ira Perlman
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
333 Citalopram for prevention of interferon-alpha associated depression in psychiatric risk patients
Authors: M SCHAEFER, M SCHWAIGER, T BERG
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

1.1. Monoenoic fatty acids (16:1, 18:1, 20:1) were isolated from total brain lipids of fetal, newborn, and adult rats, individual brain phospholipids and the 1 and 2 positions of choline and ethanolamine brain phosphoglycerides of newborn and adult rats, and from total lipids of ox-brain grey and white matter.2.2. Isomer composition was determined by periodate-permanganate oxidation of the double bond and by gas-liquid chromatography of dicarboxylic acid fragments.3.3. The major isomers of 16:1 [(n-10), (n-9), (n-7) and (n-5)], 18:1 [(n-10), (n-9) and (n-7)] and 20:1 [(n-11, (n-9) and (n-7)] were similar in number in all lipids examined, but proportions varied with age, phosphoglyceride type, and position in the phosphoglyceride.4.4. It is suggested that enzymes which control fatty-acid composition of complex lipids in brain can discriminate between these isomers on the basis of doublebond position.
XDR-TB in South Africa: No Time for Denial or Complacency
Authors: Jerome Amir Singh, Ross Upshur, Nesri Padayatchi
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

On September 1, 2006, the World Health Organisation (WHO) announced that a deadly new strain of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) had been detected in Tugela Ferry (Figure 1), a rural town in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) [1], the epicentre of South Africa's HIV/AIDS epidemic. Of the 544 patients studied in the area in 2005, 221 had multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), that is, Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to at least rifampicin and isoniazid. Of these 221 cases, 53 were identified as XDR-TB (see Table 1 and [2]), i.e., MDR-TB plus resistance to at least three of the six classes of second-line agents [3]. This reportedly represents almost one-sixth of all known XDR-TB cases reported worldwide [4]. Of the 53, 44 were tested for HIV and all were HIV infected.



Figure 1

Map of South Africa Showing Tugela Ferry in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal, the Epicentre of South Africa's HIV/AIDS Epidemic





Table 1

Characteristics of Patients in South Africa With XDR-TB



The median survival from the time of sputum specimen collection was 16 days for 52 of the 53 infected individuals, including six health workers and those reportedly taking antiretrovirals [2]. Such a fatality rate for XDR-TB, especially within such a relatively short period of time, is unprecedented anywhere in the world.
Metric assumptions are neither necessary nor sufficient to describe similarities
Authors: Robert A. M. Gregson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Alternative models of similarity judgments that do not rest on metric space assumptions are known to be better descriptions of actual human behaviour but are ignored by Edelman. The internal spaces he postulates are a convenient fiction for artificial intelligence, but not compatible with what is now known about psychophysics at both behavioural and neurological levels of perceptual processing.
Factor V‐Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and MTHFR C677T mutations among patients with sickle cell disease in Eastern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Naglaa A. Fawaz, Layla Bashawery, Iman Al‐Sheikh, Ahlam Qatari, Sara S. Al‐Othman, Wassim Y. Almawi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

The prevalence of factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and MTHFR C677T mutations were investigated among 87 Saudi sickle cell disease (SCD) patients (38 males and 49 females) and 105 healthy controls (65 males and 40 females). The prevalences of factor V Leiden (P = 0.174) and PRT G20210A (P = 0.397) were not different between patients and controls, thereby giving no support to an association of either single-point mutation with SCD. However, an increased prevalence of the MTHFR 677 T/T genotype was seen among patients (8/87) compared to controls (4/105), but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.217; OR = 2.56). This suggested a low impact of inherited hypercoagulability risk factors in the pathogenesis of SCD and/or its complications.