tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of DA-EPOCH-R Therapy in Patient with Double Hit Lymphoma and Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis
Authors: K. Sugiyama, Y. Kojima, S. Moritani, H. Nakamura, H. Yamamoto, Y. Miyata, H. Iida, H. Ohashi, H. Nagai
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
After aid: the NHS can also learn from India and China
Authors: Mala Rao
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A recent debate in the BMJ asked whether rich countries should stop sending development aid to India.1 It was published soon after the announcement that all financial aid from the United Kingdom to India will end in 2015.2 This debate is set against a backdrop of a changing world order, from which there will be no turning back. Relationships between the UK and India and the UK and China have matured into partnerships of equals, creating new opportunities for mutual learning and benefit. What may have shaped these changing relationships, and what gains can the three countries anticipate?

The Indian government acknowledges that its own development budget has grown considerably, but it would still value technical support to build the skills and capacity that are essential for social and economic transformation. The outcome of this is that after 2015 the partnership with the UK will focus on programmes where skills and expertise are shared across governments on priorities such as growth, trade, investment, education, skills, and health.2

China’s transformed economic and political status led to the UK closing its bilateral aid programme in 2011.3 Instead, the UK Department for International Development launched the UK-China Global Development Partnership Programme (GDPP) to foster collaboration in areas including the reduction of poverty and achievement of the millennium development goals globally. The programme will build on lessons from China’s unparalleled success in decreasing infant, child, and maternal mortality rates and from China’s recent reforms of its health sector. So the nature of “aid” from the UK to India and China is rapidly evolving into one of technical partnerships, with leaders in disciplines such as science and policy working together, and is intended to benefit …
Sec63 and Xbp1 regulate IRE1α activity and polycystic disease severity
Authors: Sorin V. Fedeles, Jae-Seon So, Amol Shrikhande, Seung Hun Lee, Anna-Rachel Gallagher, Christina E. Barkauskas, Stefan Somlo, Ann-Hwee Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

The HSP40 cochaperone SEC63 is associated with the SEC61 translocon complex in the ER. Mutations in the gene encoding SEC63 cause polycystic liver disease in humans; however, it is not clear how altered SEC63 influences disease manifestations. In mice, loss of SEC63 induces cyst formation both in liver and kidney as the result of reduced polycystin-1 (PC1). Here we report that inactivation of SEC63 induces an unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway that is protective against cyst formation. Specifically, using murine genetic models, we determined that SEC63 deficiency selectively activates the IRE1α-XBP1 branch of UPR and that SEC63 exists in a complex with PC1. Concomitant inactivation of both SEC63 and XBP1 exacerbated the polycystic kidney phenotype in mice by markedly suppressing cleavage at the G protein-coupled receptor proteolysis site (GPS) in PC1. Enforced expression of spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) enhanced GPS cleavage of PC1 in SEC63-deficient cells, and XBP1 overexpression in vivo ameliorated cystic disease in a murine model with reduced PC1 function that is unrelated to SEC63 inactivation. Collectively, the findings show that SEC63 function regulates IRE1α/XBP1 activation, SEC63 and XBP1 are required for GPS cleavage and maturation of PC1, and activation of XBP1 can protect against polycystic disease in the setting of impaired biogenesis of PC1.
Saddle Nose Deformity
Authors: Sandeep Chauhan, Sanjay D'Cruz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 44-year-old man presented with intermittent epistaxis, fever, and polyarthralgias of 2 months' duration. For the previous week, he had had puffiness of the face and reduced urinary output. On physical examination, the blood pressure was 180/100 mm Hg; he was pale and had pedal edema. A saddle nose deformity (Panel A) had developed during the previous 4 months. There were no clinical signs of sinus involvement, but computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral mucosal thickening in the maxillary sinuses. Laboratory evaluation revealed the following values: hemoglobin, 7.5 g per deciliter; blood urea nitrogen, 163 mg per deciliter (58 mmol per . . .
Perceptions of Chief Medical Residency
Authors: Robert G. Bing-You
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 May 1993Perceptions of Chief Medical ResidencyRobert G. Bing-You, MDRobert G. Bing-You, MDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-9-199305010-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Previous authors have suggested that chief medical residents (CMRs) perceive the position as being burdened with administrative duties [1] and as lacking prestige [2]. Because they are teachers [3] and role models for medical students, unhappy CMRs may have a negative influence on students' views of internal medicine. To assess CMRs' perceptions of chief residency, I sent a questionnaire using Likert-type scales (1 = strongly agree, 5 = strongly disagree) in May 1992 to 64 previous and current CMRs from eight internal medicine residency programs in New England.Forty-five CMRs (70%) responded. Eleven respondents were current CMRs ...References1. Bomalaski JS, Martin GJ. The chief medical residency in the 1980s. Am J Med. 1983; 74:737-40. Google Scholar2. Parrino TA, Steel K. The medical chief residency and its relation to academic sections of general medicine. Am J Med. 1983; 75:839-42. Google Scholar3. Bing-You RG, Sproul M. Medical students' perceptions of themselves and residents as teachers. Med Teach. 1992; 14:25-30. Google Scholar4. Greenland P. The chief residency (Letter). Ann Intern Med. 1981; 95:239. Google Scholar5. Schneiderman H. Rules for surviving a chief medical residency. Conn Med. 189; 53:45-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert G. Bing-You, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 9Page: 750KeywordsFellowshipsMotivationPerceptionPilot studiesProspective studiesQuestionnairesResidency ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Glucocorticosteroids and rhinitis
Authors: N. Mygind
Journal: Allergy (1993)

Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis are common diseases which require active therapy, as it is a nuisance to have constant nasal irritation, excessive discharge, and blockage with a nasal voice.Treatment may consist of allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery.The introduction, in 1973, of potent glucocorticosteroids (GCSs) which can be given locally in the nose without significant risk of systemic adverse effects was a major therapeutic advance, and it has strengthened the pharmacologic approach to rhinitis therapy.This paper reviews the literature, and presents 20 years' clinical experience of topical GCS treatment for rhinitis.In addition, it describes the pathophysiology of the disease and the putative modes of action of GCSs in the nose. Pathophysiology of rhinitisThe main thrust during recent years has been to stress asthma as an infiammatory disease of the lower airways, characterized by a local influx of eosinophils, rather than a spasmodic disease with a major component of smooth-muscle contraction (39,56,66).A similar trend has emerged in the discussion of the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis, which can then be considered to be an inflammatory disease of the upper airway mucosa, characterized by a local influx of eosinophils. Nasal allergen challengeAlthough models are oversimplifications of actual disease, it can be of interest to look at the patho-
Birth and Brain Damage: An Investigation Into the Problems of Antenatal and Paranatal Anoxia and Allied Disorders and Their Relation to the Many Lesion-Complexes Residual Thereto
Authors: Orville T. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1971)

When Dr. Courville died in 1968, he had completed the manuscript of this monograph, which his colleagues have seen through the press and which Mrs. Courville has published in handsome format and binding. Although Dr. Courville made contributions to many areas of neuropathology, his name is especially associated with studies on laminar necrosis produced by anoxia and on possible participation of anoxia in diseases of etiology at present uncertain. The book is a detailed summary and synthesis of investigations extending over nearly 40 years. Most of the book deals with aspects of birth anoxia, including mechanisms of damage at birth, various forms of atrophy, laminar necrosis, nodular cortical sclerosis, and cyst formation. The remainder of the text considers the more controversial relations of anoxia to demyelinations and diffuse sclerosis. Dr. Courville concluded "the basic reasons for the physiological philosophies and the theories suggested should be critically evaluated and disproved if
A RANDOMIZED STUDY OF THE RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY, PHARMACODYNAMICS, AND SAFETY OF ALIROCUMAB, A FULLY HUMAN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TO PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN/KEXIN TYPE 9, AFTER SINGLE SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AT THREE DIFFERENT INJECTION SITES IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: Catherine Lunven, Tobias Paehler, Pascale Lewanczyk, Franck Poitiers, Aurelie Brunet, Jacques Rey, Corinne Hanotin, Bill Sasiela
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Inflammatory events in severe acute asthma
Authors: I. Tillie‐Leblond, P. Gosset, A.‐B. Tonnel
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Severe acute asthma can be induced by different triggers, allergens, irritants, viruses, etc., which induce inflammation and provoke acute bronchoconstriction. Inflammatory cells, such as activated eosinophils and neutrophils identified in sputum and bronchial lavages (BL) in severe acute asthma from children and adults are associated with increased levels of IL‐5, IL‐8, and of proinflammatory mediators. Viruses, but also endotoxin or allergen exposure, are able to recruit neutrophils, via an IL‐8 production by activated macrophages or epithelial cells. Together, these inflammatory mediators are responsible for the diffuse bronchial inflammation, which involve large and small airways. Activated T cells may also be related to the pathogenesis of severe asthma. An aberrant CD8+ T lymphocyte response in bronchi, with a cytotoxic activity has been associated with fatal asthma. Moreover, the persistence of inflammatory cells in bronchi, particularly neutrophils, which respond poorly to corticosteroids, could be in part responsible for the epithelial damage, the extensive mucus plugging, and the abnormalities of epithelial and endothelial permeability which are associated with severe acute asthma. Further studies are necessary to better identify the implication of this increased bronchial permeability in the persistence of high levels of airway resistance, particularly in patients with status asthmaticus.
Study shows that oral steroids are no more effective than placebo for viral wheeze in children
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A short course of oral steroids is no more effective than placebo in reducing respiratory symptoms in children with viral wheeze and in reducing hospital admissions, a randomised trial has shown ( Lancet 2003 ;362: 1433-8).

The study involved more than 200 children aged between one and five years who had been admitted to hospital with severe viral wheezing. They were randomised to a five day course of the oral steroid prednisolone (20 mg once daily …
Asthma definitions, relative validity and impact on known risk factors in young Brazilians
Authors: E. O. Vianna, C. A. García, H. Bettiol, M. A. Barbieri, R. J. Rona
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: An asthma score was proposed in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) framework, as dichotomous definitions could be less appropriate in the study of chronic diseases. The aims of this study were to assess the value of this asthma score in comparison with other definitions of asthma in another population setting, using as criteria bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to methacholine and diagnosed asthma, and the association of these definitions to known risk factors of asthma. Methods: We used the ECRHS questionnaire on 2063 Brazilians, aged 23–25 years, and measured their BHR. We assessed the positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR) of the asthma score (0–8), a three question score (ECRHS definition) and single asthma symptoms in relation to BHR and diagnosed asthma. Results: The PLR were relatively low for all asthma definitions with odd ratios varying from 1.47 for asthma score to 5.50 for wheeze and waking with breathlessness without a cold. The NLR were near 1. The PLR were lower for assessments using the score than for dichotomous assessments or the ECRHS definition. The PLR increased with asthma scores, but the prevalence with higher scores was too low for useful analysis. The asthma score was slightly better for identifying associations from a set of known risk factors than the other two approaches. Conclusion: Our study provided little support for a greater validity of this asthma score over other asthma definitions, and only marginal advantage for identifying risk factors.
Anti-CD3 and nasal proinsulin combination therapy enhances remission from recent-onset autoimmune diabetes by inducing Tregs
Authors: D. Bresson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Safe induction of autoantigen-specific long-term tolerance is the "holy grail" for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In animal models of type 1 diabetes, oral or i.n. immunization with islet antigens induces Tregs that are capable of bystander suppression. However, such interventions are only effective early in the prediabetic phase. Here, we demonstrate that a novel combination treatment with anti-CD3epsilon-specific antibody and i.n. proinsulin peptide can reverse recent-onset diabetes in 2 murine diabetes models with much higher efficacy than with monotherapy with anti-CD3 or antigen alone. In vivo, expansion of CD25(+)Foxp3(+) and insulin-specific Tregs producing IL-10, TGF-beta, and IL-4 was strongly enhanced. These cells could transfer dominant tolerance to immunocompetent recent-onset diabetic recipients and suppressed heterologous autoaggressive CD8 responses. Thus, combining a systemic immune modulator with antigen-specific Treg induction is more efficacious in reverting diabetes. Since Tregs act site-specifically, this strategy should also be expected to reduce the potential for systemic side effects.
STUDIES ON AGGLUTINATION WITH THE AID OF THE CENTRIFUGE. THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON ABSORPTION AND FLOCCULATION
Authors: Frederick L. Gates
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

The flocculation of bacteria which have absorbed specific agglutinins may be mechanically effected by means of the centrifuge, with results that coincide with those obtained by the standard method of test. Specific serological differences between meningococci, for example, may be determined by the centrifuge method. The technique is described. By the elimination of the inconstant time factor in the flocculation phase opportunity is given for a closer analysis of specific absorption, and of the influence of various conditions upon both phases of agglutination. The velocity of the absorption reaction is a function of the temperature at which it occurs, and the acceleration with increasing temperature is of the order of chemical phenomena. The absorption reaction proceeds most rapidly near the temperature of antibody destruction. The injurious effect of high temperature is revealed first in the serum; the antigen-antibody complex is not less sensitive. The flocculation phase is also promoted by higher temperature, but lags far behind absorption, and consumes most of the time required for spontaneous agglutination. The presence of an excess of antibodies greatly accelerates absorption and flocculation. The absorption reaction, under such circumstances, is ordinarily completed within a relatively short time.
The Early Dumping Syndrome and Propranolol
Authors: YARON NIV
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1988The Early Dumping Syndrome and PropranololYARON NIV, M.D.YARON NIV, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-6-910_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The known therapy for the early dumping syndrome (small frequent meals, carbohydrate restriction, prevention of drinking while eating [1], addition of pectin to the food [2], pancreatic enzymes, and surgery [3]) is disappointing. Because most of the clinical phenomena are of autonomic character, we tried propranolol therapy.A 62-year-old man was hospitalized 9-years after vagotomy, antrectomy, and gastrojejunostomy. He had attacks of flush, dizziness, fatigue, palpitation, and tachycardia 30 minutes after meals. The results of physical examination, glucose tolerance, and routine laboratory tests were normal. Upper gastrointestinal roentgenogram showed a gastric stump of 15 cm, emptying very...References1. MEYER J. Chronic morbidity after ulcer surgery. In: SLEISENGER, FORDTRAN, eds. Gastrointestinal Disease. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 1983:760-75. Google Scholar2. LEEDSEBIEDRALPHS AFD. Pectin in dumping syndrome. Lancet. 1981;1:1075-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BROOKE-COWDENBRAASCHGIBB GJS. Postgastrectomy syndromes. Am J Surg. 1976;131:464-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: YARON NIV, M.D.Affiliations: Rebecca Sieff Government Hospital Safed Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1988Volume 108, Issue 6Page: 910-911KeywordsEatingEnzymesFatigueFoodGastroenterology and hepatologyGlucose toleranceLaboratory testsSurgeryTachycardiaVagotomy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
The necessity for measurement of left atrial pressure after cardiac valve surgery
Authors: C. L. Sarin, E. Yalav, A. J. Clement, M. V. Braimbridge
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Left and right atrial pressures were monitored in 100 patients undergoing open heart surgery for acquired valvular disease of the heart at St. Thomas9 Hospital. The right atrial pressure bore no constant relationship to the left atrial pressure in 61% of the patients and there was no reliable way of deducing left atrial pressure from the right. We believe that it is imperative to measure both right and left atrial pressures if post-operative management after cardiac valve surgery is to be effective. There has been no instance of pulmonary oedema or postperfusion syndrome in our practice since its introduction.
Is Mohs micrographic surgery more effective than wide local excision for treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in reducing risk of local recurrence? Reply from authors
Authors: R.N. Matin, H.C. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Funding sources: no external funding. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, We are grateful to Barlow et al.1 for their interest in our critically appraised topic on the surgical treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). The authors state that ‘Reviews of this nature seldom surprise the reader in either their assessments of the data or in their conclusions that randomized controlled trials are required’. In our critical appraisal of this topic, we would like to reiterate that although there were numerous limitations to the evidence available, we reported that Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) recurrence rates were always less than wide local excision (WLE). This observation, coupled with the suggestion that MMS tended to be reserved for more difficult cases, led us to conclude that MMS is probably superior to WLE. We agree with Barlow et al.1 that it is difficult to undertake randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for rare conditions such as DFSP. Yet it is not impossible, as evidenced by the U.K. Dermatology Clinical Trials Network (DCTN) nationwide STOP GAP study of treatments for pyoderma gangrenosum,2 a similarly rare and understudied condition. Rare skin conditions understandably pose challenges, yet they can be researched through collaborative research networks such as the U.K. DCTN, which is open to suggestions for trials from surgical groups.
Treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm with a new type of polymer-filled low profile device
Authors: Gianpaolo Carrafiello, AnnaMaria Ierardi, Gabriele Piffaretti, Nicola Rivolta, Chiara Floridi, Adel Aswad, Francesco Della Valle, C.V. Ioannou, Claudio Gentilini, Dimitrious Tsetis, Patrizio Castelli, Renzo Dionigi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
An Inquest on the Death of Charles Francis Hall
Authors: Franklin K. Paddock, Chauncey C. Loomis, Auseklis K. Perkons
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Abstract On November 8, 1871, the American explorer Charles Francis Hall died in his cabin on the S.S. Polaris anchored to the shore of northwest Greenland. He had suffered from gastrointestinal and Central-nervous-system symptoms that recurred over a two-week period until his death. He accused many of the ship's company of poisoning him. In August, 1968, an autopsy was performed on the body at the Greenland burial site. Samples of hair, bone and fingernail were analyzed for arsenic by neutron-activation analysis, which showed markedly increased levels in the portion of the hair and fingernails grown during the last two weeks of Hall's life.
Observations on INTRAMUSCULAR LIVER EXTRACT THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA
Authors: L. S. P. Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1932)

Although it is only a little over five years since Minot and Murphy' demonstrated the efficacy of liver diet in the treatment of pernicious anaemia, great advances have been made since then in the purification and isolation of the active principle contained in liver.In 1927 Cohn, Minot, and their associates2 produced a liver extract by a process of chemical fractioning, which was found to be effective, and which enabled treatment to be satisfactorily carried out in cases of pernicious anaemia in the severe relapse stage when nausea and vomiting prohibited the oral administration of sufficient quantities of whole liver.Animal experiments revealed the fact that such extracts were unsuitable for parenteral injection, since the small amount of contained protein was apt to produce dangerous allergic phenomena.-In addition, the presence of a blood-pressure-red--ing substance was detected, which appeared to be an additional contraindication to this form of treatment. CHOICE OF PREPARATIONThe obvious value of an active extract which could be given parenterally to pernicious anaemia patients who were critically ill, or in the so-called liver-resistant cases, stimulated further researches into this problem, and in 1930 Cohn, McMeekin, and Minot,3 and West and Howe,' had sufficiently purified the active principle in liver to enable intravenous and intramuscular treatment to be gi-ven with entirely satisfactory results.The purification and isolation of the active principle, free from its blood- pressuw-reducing properties, presented a problem of the greatest difficulty.According to Castle and Taylor,3 Cohn, McMeekin, and Minot used as much as 25,000 granms of liver for the production of the active principle required for the treatment of a single case.Castle and Taylor