tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Great vessel development requires biallelic expression of Chd7 and Tbx1 in pharyngeal ectoderm in mice
Authors: Victoria Randall, Karen McCue, Catherine Roberts, Vanessa Kyriakopoulou, Sarah Beddow, Angela N. Barrett, Francesca Vitelli, Katrina Prescott, Charles Shaw-Smith, Koen Devriendt, Erika Bosman, Georg Steffes, Karen P. Steel, Subreena Simrick, M. Albert Basson, Elizabeth Illingworth, Peter J. Scambler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Aortic arch artery patterning defects account for approximately 20% of congenital cardiovascular malformations and are observed frequently in velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). In the current study, we screened for chromosome rearrangements in patients suspected of VCFS, but who lacked a 22q11 deletion or TBX1 mutation. One individual displayed hemizygous CHD7, which encodes a chromodomain protein. CHD7 haploinsufficiency is the major cause of coloboma, heart defect, atresia choanae, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, and ear anomalies/deafness (CHARGE) syndrome, but this patient lacked the major diagnostic features of coloboma and choanal atresia. Because a subset of CHARGE cases also display 22q11 deletions, we explored the embryological relationship between CHARGE and VCSF using mouse models. The hallmark of Tbx1 haploinsufficiency is hypo/aplasia of the fourth pharyngeal arch artery (PAA) at E10.5. Identical malformations were observed in Chd7 heterozygotes, with resulting aortic arch interruption at later stages. Other than Tbx1, Chd7 is the only gene reported to affect fourth PAA development by haploinsufficiency. Moreover, Tbx1+/–;Chd7+/– double heterozygotes demonstrated a synergistic interaction during fourth PAA, thymus, and ear morphogenesis. We could not rescue PAA morphogenesis by restoring neural crest Chd7 expression. Rather, biallelic expression of Chd7 and Tbx1 in the pharyngeal ectoderm was required for normal PAA development.
Toxicity of Mercury and Its Compounds
Authors: I. Sunshine
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>Vanadium: Toxicology and Biological Significance.</h3> By T. G. Faulkner Hudson. Elsevier Monographs on Toxic Agents. 140 pp, 11 illus. $6.50. American Elsevier Publishing Co., New York 17, 1964 Dr. Bidstrup's brief, expensive monograph reviews the known pharmacology and toxicology of inorganic and organic mercurials used therapeutically or in industrial practices. The former are treated perfunctorily and are dismissed with minimal biochemical discussion. Acute mercurialism also suffers from a brief and rather inadequate presentation. The occupational use of inorganic and organic mercurials is briefly discussed, as are the signs and symptoms of overexposure. The hygiene problems in many industries are itemized adequately and the recommended procedure is given for the prevention of industrial poisonings. As indicators of exposure, the analyses of biological and air specimens are suggested to be adequate methods of control, preferable to detailed clinical examinations of persons exposed to mercurials. Much of the material presented is as current
Shigellatakes the temperature
Authors: V.K. Viswanathan
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

For bacteria, temperature is a fairly reliable cue for entry into a vertebrate host. Many pathogenic bacteria sense elevated temperatures (37°C) and turn on virulence and metabolic genes appropriate for survival and growth within the host. A recent study demonstrated that the expression of a heme uptake protein in Shigella dysenteriae and pathogenic Escherichia coli was dependent on an RNA thermometer.
A NEW METHOD OF COUNTING RED BLOOD CELLS
Authors: William G. Exton
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Notwithstanding improvements in hemacytometers and photographic methods, 1 red blood cell counting is usually regarded as the most tedious of all routine clinical pathologic procedures. It is, however, an easy matter to count red blood cells by measuring their turbidities in suspensions, and counts made by scopometry 2 are in excellent agreement with hemacytometer counts on the same specimens, as shown in the accompanying chart.  To count the red cells, one should dilute the blood 1:1,000 with a  consisting of 2 per cent sodium citrate and a diluted solution of formaldehyde-U. S. P. (1:10), which keeps them in good condition at room temperature. To do this easily, the blood may be collected and. diluted 1:100 in the usual hemacytometer pipet and then diluted again 10 times. After gentle mixing, the turbidity of the sample is measured with the junior scopometer. 3   The simple scopometer measurement wholly eliminates the microscopy
Prospects for private health insurance.
Authors: A. Seldon
Journal: BMJ (1967)

IS THERE AN ALTERNATIVE?The possibility of a large extension of private insurance schemes for health in Britain has often been raised.What schemes are already in existence, in Britain and elsewhere?What problems would be involved in applying them more widely?What are their advantages and disadvantages?In his article Mr. Arthur Seldon discusses the answers to these and some other questions.Prospects for Private Health Insurance
A Look-Back Investigation of Patients of an HIV-Infected Physician
Authors: Richard N. Danila, Kristine L. MacDonald, Frank S. Rhame, Michael E. Moen, Dorothy O. Reier, Joan C. LeTourneau, Mary K. Sheehan, Joann Armstrong, Mitchell E. Bender, Michael T. Osterholm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to five patients receiving care from an HIV-infected dentist in Florida has recently been reported. Current data indicate that the risk of HIV transmission from health care workers to patients is extremely low. Despite this low risk, programs to notify patients of past exposure to an HIV-infected health care worker are being conducted with increasing frequency.
CDC Ponders New HIV Guidelines
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THIS MORNING, officials at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) can get to work on new<i>Recommendations for Prevention of HIV Transmission in Health-Care Settings</i>. September 4 was the deadline for comments and suggestions that came out of the CDC Consultants' Meeting on Prevention of Transmission of Bloodborne Pathogens to Patients During Invasive Procedures. That meeting, held in Atlanta, Ga, August 13 and 14, followed a<i>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</i>that noted the first "Possible Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to a Patient during an Invasive Dental Procedure." (See page 1092.) Representatives of medical and dental specialty societies, local and federal government health and regulatory agencies, hospitals, law and ethics groups, labor, academe, the armed services, and others met to review current policies and practices with an eye toward making any needed changes given new knowledge about the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Concerns about the lack of relevant details
The GABA Transaminase, ABAT, Is Essential for Mitochondrial Nucleoside Metabolism
Authors: Arnaud Besse, Ping Wu, Francesco Bruni, Taraka Donti, Brett H. Graham, William J. Craigen, Robert McFarland, Paolo Moretti, Seema Lalani, Kenneth L. Scott, Robert W. Taylor, Penelope E. Bonnen
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Elective resection of tumours of the trachea and main carina after endoscopic laser therapy.
Authors: S Shankar, P J George, M R Hetzel, P Goldstraw
Journal: Thorax (1990)

In our patients with tumour affecting the trachea or carina elective surgery was carried out after endoscopic laser treatment. Laser treatment was performed as an emergency procedure in three of the patients, who presented with impending asphyxia; the improvement provided time in which to assess the disease, withdraw corticosteroids, and treat infection. The fourth patient was treated with the laser for life threatening haemoptysis, but further bleeding made it necessary to tamponade the tumour with a cuffed endotracheal tube for 24 hours. Elective resections of the trachea (three cases) and carina (one case) were performed successfully four to eight weeks after laser treatment. Frozen sections of the resection margins were clear in all cases and paraffin sections subsequently confirmed the localised nature of the lesions. All patients are alive and well with no evidence of tumour recurrence after 18 months to 4 years. Laser therapy appears to be an ideal preoperative treatment for patients with impending asphyxia but it may be of limited value in controlling very brisk haemorrhage.
Anti–IL-5 (mepolizumab) therapy reduces eosinophil activation ex vivo and increases IL-5 and IL-5 receptor levels
Authors: Miguel L. Stein, Joyce M. Villanueva, Bridget K. Buckmeier, Yoshiyuki Yamada, Alexandra H. Filipovich, Amal H. Assa'ad, Marc E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
The Economics of Instant Medical News
Authors: Keith Reemtsma, James V. Maloney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract A western rancher, suffering from malignant melanoma, declined surgical therapy and treated himself with "chaparral tea" brewed from the root of the desert creosote bush. The clinical cure that followed was reported in newspapers throughout the world. Patient referral patterns between neighboring university medical centers were considerably affected. The foregoing observation was used in conjunction with Poor's Law and the Odd-Lot Principle to generate what we believe to be a new law of economics: "The public impact of instant medical reporting is related inversely to the intrinsic merit of the observation." Application of the law to short sales on the major stock exchanges has been rewarding. We conclude that the unreliability of instant medical news is so reliable that large profits may be made by betting against the value of medical breakthroughs reported in the lay press. (N Engl J Med 290:439–442, 1974)
"Vanishing" of vertebra in a patient with sickle cell haemoglobinopathy.
Authors: J O Ozoh, M A Onuigbo, N Nwankwo, S O Ukabam, B C Umerah, C C Emeruwa
Journal: BMJ (1990)

adrenoreceptors as its action can readily be reversed with conventional (3 blockers.Utilisation of a lipophilic domain in the area around the (3 receptor may lead to exoreceptor binding, which would then localise the drug near [i adrenoreceptors.30We conclude that inhaled salmeterol is an effective treatment for nocturnal asthma at both 50 and 100 [tg twice daily, and that the 50 .tgdose also significantly improves objective sleep quality.Comparison of the efficacies of salmeterol and theophylline in treating nocturnal asthma is an important next step in determining the optimal treatment for asthmatic patients.
Giant genome artwork brightens up London
Authors: Annabel Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The man on the Euston omnibus is about to discover the beauty of human cells, sperms, eggs, roots of plants, and protozoa.

A 370 foot long (113 m) hoarding being erected next week around the construction site of the Wellcome Trust's new London headquarters will feature a painting inspired by the human genome project (above).

Entitled The Geology of Biology: Inspired …
On Bedside Teaching
Authors: David M. Ennis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 July 1997On Bedside TeachingDavid M. Ennis, MDDavid M. Ennis, MDBirmingham Baptist Medical Center; Birmingham, AL 35213-1944Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00046 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:After reading “On Bedside Teaching” [1], I was inspired to begin doing bedside teaching, especially because I am currently attending on the General Medical Service. I find the task somewhat daunting and frightening; I have never performed bedside teaching before, an embarrassing admission indeed. However, I believe it will be a rewarding experience.It is my hope that my residents and students and I will become better diagnosticians. As has been noted so frequently, the art of physical diagnosis is vanishing. I recently reviewed an article for the American Journal of Medicine in which the authors found ...References1. LaCombe MA. On bedside teaching. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:217-20. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David M. Ennis, MDAffiliations: Birmingham Baptist Medical Center; Birmingham, AL 35213-1944 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPresenting cases in front of patients: implications for a key medical education genre 15 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 2Page: 173KeywordsMedical services ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Endocrine Glands
Authors: Arthur R. Colwell
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This small handbook of endocrinology, prepared by a Yale internist and a pathologist, summarizes the interrelationship between the anatomical and functional disturbances for each organ. Written mostly on a table once used by Reverend Dodgson (Lewis Carroll), the book is described by the authors as somewhat less clever than<i>Alice in Wonderland</i>. Nevertheless, it does thoroughly outline the important defects in end organ function, emphasizing the dynamic pathologic changes caused by enhanced or inadequate hormone secretion. Diagrams illustrate the fundamental concepts of positive or negative feedback control of endocrine activity by other organs through enzyme release and the ultimate action of the peripheral tissues. A scheme of biosynthesis of corticosteroids shows which enzyme deficiencies will produce diseases of adrenal function. The most common cause of Addison disease is now primary adrenal atrophy. Cushing syndrome due to autonomous adrenal hyperfunction is distinguished from Cushing disease, which results from pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone
Effect of cyclosporine on hepatic energy status and on fructose metabolism after portacaval shunt in dog as monitored by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyin vivo
Authors: Lorenzo Rossaro, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Carlo L. Scotti-Foglieni, Donald S. Williams, Elena Simplaceanu, Virgil Simplaceanu, Antonio Francavilla, Thomas E. Starzl, Chien Ho, David H. Van Thiel
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The effect of cyclosporin A on the hepatic energy status and intracellular pH of the liver and its response to a fructose challenge has been investigated using in vivo phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in dogs. Three experimental groups were studied: (a) control dogs (n = 5), (b) dogs 4 days after the creation of an end-to-side portacaval shunt (n = 5), and (c) dogs 4 days after portacaval shunt and continuous infusion of cyclosporin A (4 mg/kg/day) by way of the left portal vein (portacaval shunt plus cyclosporin A, n = 5). The phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were obtained at 81 MHz using a Bruker BIOSPEC II 4.7-tesla nuclear magnetic resonance system equipped with a 40-cm horizontal bore superconducting solenoid. The phosphomonoesters (p less than 0.01), inorganic phosphate and ATP levels (p less than 0.05) were decreased significantly in portacaval shunt-treated and in portacaval shunt-plus-cyclosporin A-treated dogs compared with unshunted control dogs. After a fructose challenge (750 mg/kg body wt, intravenously), fructose-1-phosphate metabolism was reduced in portacaval shunt-treated dogs compared with either the normal or portacaval shunt-plus-cyclosporin A-treated dogs (p less than 0.05). Both portacaval shunt- and portacaval shunt-plus-cyclosporin A-treated dogs demonstrated a reduced decline in ATP levels after fructose infusion when compared with the controls (p less than 0.05). Immediately after the fructose challenge, the intracellular pH decreased from 7.30 +/- 0.03 to 7.00 +/- 0.05 in all animals (p less than 0.01) and then gradually returned to normal over 60 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
OVARIAN AND PITUITARY HORMONES
Authors: M. Fairlie
Journal: BMJ (1935)

amount of urine passed affords a better index than the amount of protein in the urine, and diminution of blood pressure and oedema, and improvement generally, makes the issue favourable.A residual albuminuria is not of moment provided the blood urea and urea-concentration tests are satisfactory.So long as improvement is main- tained the pregnancy can be allowed to continue, but the objections to its termination are greatly reduced once the last month is reached.Recurrence in Subsequent Pregnancies and Permanent Renal Damage.-Inthis regard prognosis is guided chiefly by the duration of the illness and completeness of recovery.The severity of the attack is of little moment compared with its length, for the chronic type is more likely to be followed by recurrence or chronic nephritis than eclampsia or a shorter and sharper non-convulsiv1e toxaeniia.Hence the imnportance of terminatirng the pregnancy before permanent damage results.For this reason Arwyn Evans7 makes fourteen days of albuminuria the limit, and in so doing seems to me to err in his standard, for he has taken the least reliable one.His finiding that young patients run less risk than the older multiparae should encourage longer trial in the former.The same factors govern advice given regarding risk of recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy.It is usual to recommend an interval of two years before the test of another pregnancy, but the time may be shortened for women of an age at which fertility is lessening fast.Husband and wife must fully appreciate the close supervision required throughout such pregnancies; also that failure on a second trial prohibits further chances being takcen.If there is no return, the probability is that future pregnancies will also be unaffected.8Persistent high blood pressure is unfavourable.Banister9 regards a systolic Dressuire below 150 Inm.Hg as an inidication that recurrent albuminuria is unlikely.Sometimes ocular symptoms arise that put the eyesight of the mother in jeopardy; rather than risk this disaster the pregnancy should be ended on this account alone. Foetal PrognosisAlthough there is a definite risk of intrauterine death of the foetus in non-convulsive toxaemia, it is much less than in the convulsive, in which the fits themselves add greatly to this risk.Danger to the foetuis from toxaemic states is less than in chronic nephritis.
Learning Surgery Online in Ireland
Authors: M. Fitzpatrick
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Determinant Spreading of T Helper Cell 2 (Th2) Responses to Pancreatic Islet Autoantigens
Authors: Jide Tian, Paul V. Lehmann, Daniel L. Kaufman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

The nature (Th1 versus Th2) and dynamics of the autoimmune response during the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and after immunotherapy are unclear. Here, we show in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice that the autoreactive T cell response starts and spreads as a pure Th1 type autoimmunity, suggesting that a spontaneous Th1 cascade underlies disease progression. Surprisingly, induction of antiinflammatory Th2 responses to a single β cell antigen (βCA) resulted in the spreading of Th2 cellular and humoral immunity to unrelated βCAs in an infectious manner and protection from IDDM. The data suggest that both Th1 and Th2 autoimmunity evolve in amplificatory cascades by generating site-specific, but not antigen-specific, positive feedback circuits. Determinant spreading of Th2 responses may be a fundamental mechanism underlying antigen-based immunotherapeutics, explaining observations of infectious tolerance and providing a new theoretical framework for therapeutic intervention.
THE TETANUS BACILLUS AS AN INTESTINAL SAPROPHYTE IN MAN
Authors: Carl Tenbroeck, Johannes H. Bauer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

1. The only reliable method that can be used for the detection of tetanus bacilli is the culturing of the suspected material, the isolation of tetanus-like organisms and the demonstration that the pure cultures form a spasm-producing toxin that is neutralized by tetanus antitoxin. 2. Using this method we have demonstrated tetanus bacilli in 34.7 per cent of stools from 78 individuals in Peking. 3. The tetanus bacillus is growing in the digestive tract, for it is present in individuals who have been on a practically sterile diet for a month or more, and one individual may eliminate several million spores of tetanus bacilli in a single stool.
Quiet in the Library
Authors: Thomas H. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The library at my medical school has never been a better place to work. The journals are shelved in perfect order. The copying machines have no lines. Quiet, comfortable places in which to read are plentiful. The reason: hardly anyone goes there anymore.(Figure)Only a few years ago, this library was noisy, chaotic, and often frustrating — but it was full. For the researchers, medical students, and physicians who once haunted the stacks, the need for access to information has only intensified. But an explosion of knowledge, combined with the emergence of the Internet as the ideal searching . . .
Anticoagulation in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lauren S Koniaris, Samuel Z Goldhaber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)

Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy have multiple factors that predispose to thromboembolic events. However, reports of the incidence of thromboembolic events in this population vary widely. There has never been a controlled study of long-term anticoagulation among patients with congestive heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy. In this report we review the available published data regarding the risk of thromboembolic events in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, and the effectiveness and risks of anticoagulation in this population. Although many investigators have called for a prospective, randomized clinical trial to assess the risks and benefits of long-term anticoagulation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, a more practical approach may be to compile a national registry of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy to collect observational data on both the rate of embolic events as well as bleeding complications among patients with and without anticoagulation.