tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fever can cause pyuria in children
Authors: G M Turner, M G Coulthard
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Rapid, accurate diagnosis of urinary tract infection in childhood is important, and pyuria is often considered critical in diagnosis in addition to the presence of large numbers of bacteria. Clinically important pyuria has been defined as more than 10x106 leucocytes/l of urine. Only 1.5% of healthy schoolchildren exceed this.1 The view that pyuria might occur often in febrile children without a urinary tract infection, perhaps as a non-specific response to fever2 has recently been described as untenable.3 We investigated further our clinical impression that pyuria does indeed occur in febrile children without a urinary tract infection.

We studied 157 children (73 girls), mean age 2.7 years (range …
Outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and brought to a referral center
Authors: Antoine Roch, Sami Hraiech, Elodie Masson, Dominique Grisoli, Jean-Marie Forel, Mohamed Boucekine, Pierre Morera, Christophe Guervilly, Mélanie Adda, Stéphanie Dizier, Richard Toesca, Fréderic Collart, Laurent Papazian
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Relation of Calorie Deficiency to Growth Failure in Children on Hemodialysis and the Growth Response to Calorie Supplementation
Authors: James M. Simmons, Carol J. Wilson, Donald E. Potter, Malcolm A. Holliday
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

To determine if a relation existed between calorie intake and growth of children on hemodialysis, linear growth rate was observed for periods of three to nine months in children on dialysis and compared to 50th-percentile growth rates taken from tables for normal children having the same age or comparable secondary sexual development. Five children (six observations) with calorie intakes of less than 67 per cent of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) grew at an average rate of 34 per cent of normal (range, 0 to 59). Ten children (11 observations) with calorie intakes of greater than 67 per cent of RDA grew at an average rate of 117 per cent normal (range, 87 to 150). Therefore, in this patient population, only calorie intakes of approximately 70 per cent of RDA or more were compatible with normal growth.
Association between rheology and components of lipoproteins in human blood. Results from the MONICA project.
Authors: W Koenig, M Sund, E Ernst, W Mraz, V Hombach, U Keil
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Recent studies have suggested that several hemostatic factors, leukocyte count, and plasma viscosity are predictive of coronary heart disease. Detailed analyses on lifestyle correlates, in particular plasma lipids and lipoproteins, of determinants of blood rheology have not been reported from epidemiological studies.We studied the relation between determinants of blood rheology and components of lipoproteins in a large sample of a population aged 25-64 years. The rheological parameters investigated were plasma viscosity, hemoglobin, and total serum protein; the lipoprotein variables included total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and the apoproteins A-I, A-II, and B. Covariables considered for possible confounding effects were age, body mass index, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, and hypertension. Plasma viscosity was found to have a positive linear association with total cholesterol and apoprotein B (partial correlations after adjustment for all covariables including total serum protein for men and women were r = 0.23/0.19 and 0.24/0.25, respectively) and a small negative linear association with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.14/-0.10) and with apoprotein A-I (r = -0.08/-0.06). Polynomial regression showed a strong quadratic relation with HDL cholesterol in men, whereas no other variable revealed an appreciable deviation from linearity. The covariables had only a small, if any, confounding effect. Total serum protein, after control for the covariables, appeared to be associated only with total cholesterol. No association was found with hemoglobin.We conclude that rheological mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic syndromes in hyperlipidemias. However, the finding that in particular men with very low HDL cholesterol exhibit increased plasma viscosity cannot be explained in pure rheological terms but may be, at least in part, the result of concomitant hypertriglyceridemia. This was not assessed in this study.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Neonatal Circumcision
Authors: John E. Pipas
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read with great anticipation the article on circumcision in the United States,<sup>1</sup>after hearing the press release about this article on the news. However, I not only was sorely disappointed in the results and conclusions in this study, but must say that I have never read an article that had so many generalities, such as "slight tendency," "slightly less likely," "may have," "it seems unlikely," "results escape easy interpretation," "cast doubt," and "may reflect attitudes." I found the article to be highly unscientific and probably more suitable for publication in a journalof sociology or perhaps psychology than in a medical journal. Perhaps the most obvious example was a comment by the authors that "Results may also have been affected by the possibility that some respondents did not know whether they had been circumcised." I rest my case.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide prevents excitotoxic cell death in the murine developing brain.
Authors: P Gressens, S Marret, J M Hill, D E Brenneman, I Gozes, M Fridkin, P Evrard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Excitotoxic damage may be a critical factor in the formation of brain lesions associated with cerebral palsy. When injected at birth, the glutamatergic analog ibotenate induces mouse brain lesions that strikingly mimic human microgyria. When ibotenate is injected at postnatal day 5, it produces transcortical necrosis and white matter cysts that mimic human perinatal hypoxic-like lesions. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has potent growth-related actions and neuroprotective properties that influence mitosis and neuronal survival in culture. The goal of this study was to assess the protective role of VIP against excitotoxic lesions induced by ibotenate in developing mouse brain. VIP cotreatment reduced ibotenate-induced microgyric-like cortical lesions and white matter cysts by up to 77 and 85%, respectively. VIP protective effects were reproduced by a peptide derived from activity-dependent neurotrophic factor (ADNF), a trophic factor released by VIP-stimulated astrocytes, and by stearyl norleucine VIP, a specific VIP agonist that does not activate adenylate cyclase. Neither forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, nor pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, provided VIP-like protection. VIP and neurotrophic analogs, acting through a cAMP-independent mechanism and inducing ADNF release, could represent new avenues in the understanding and prevention of human cerebral palsy.
Levodopa and Alcoholism
Authors: John A. Ewing
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A variety of animal<sup>1,2</sup>and human<sup>3</sup>experiments have suggested that neural transmitters may mediate some of the symptoms of alcohol intoxication and withdrawal. Also, there is evidence to suggest that a dopamine agonist (apomorphine) reduces craving for alcohol in human alcoholics<sup>4</sup>and ethanol stimulation in mice.<sup>5</sup>This raises the possibility that chemical intervention in the production of neurotransmitters might affect drinking patterns in humans who are "normal drinkers" or the craving for alcohol in alcoholics. Thus, I wish to ask physicians if they have anecdotal or experimental evidence to support this possibility. Specifically, have physicians using levodopa therapeutically in patients with parkinsonism seen any evidence suggesting significant changes in response to alcohol or in craving for alcohol? If they will write to me, I will undertake to compile data from any such reports.
Therapeutic potential of antisense oligonucleotides as modulators of alternative splicing
Authors: Peter Sazani, Ryszard Kole
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

An estimated 60% of all human genes undergo alternative splicing, a highly regulated process that produces splice variants with different functions. Such variants have been linked to a variety of cancers, and genetic diseases such as thalassemia and cystic fibrosis. This Perspective describes a promising approach to RNA repair based on the use of antisense oligonucleotides to modulate alternative splicing and engender the production of therapeutic gene products.
More on Brain Death
Authors: Don Harper Mills
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ON SEPT 27, 1974, the governor of California approved a new brain death statute. It states: A person shall be pronounced dead if it is determined by a physician that the person has suffered a total and irreversible cessation of brain function. There shall be independent confirmation of the death by another physician. Nothing in this chapter shall prohibit a physician from using other usual and customary procedures for determining death as the exclusive basis for pronouncing a person dead. When a part of the donor is used for direct transplantation pursuant to the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act and the death of the donor is determined by determining that the person has suffered a total and irreversible cessation of brain function, there shall be an independent confirmation of the death by another physician. Neither the physician making the determination of death... nor the physician making the independent confirmation shall participate
Retrognathia and Sleep Apnea
Authors: Blossom A. Sanger
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  In the article Retrognathia and Sleep Apnea (237:1596, 1977) Imes et al demonstrated clinically significant hypoxemia from airway obstruction during sleep. The following case of a patient with a  neck and history of snoring points out airway obstruction as a possible cause of myocardial damage and offers some simple therapeutic measures. It should be emphasized that tracheotomy was used successfully by the authors and should be seriously considered in patients with sequelae of hypoxemia caused by airway obstruction while sleeping.  A 55-year-old man was anesthetized by me for cholecystectomy, cystoscopy, resection of carcinomatous bladder, and arterial embolectomies. He was of muscular build with a short neck and gave a history of snoring loudly in his sleep. His first myocardial infarction occurred at 45 years of age in early morning after awakening. His second myocardial infarction occurred after chest pain awakened him at night. He subsequently had
Relation of Corpus Callosum and Hippocampal Size to Age in Nondemented Adults With Down’s Syndrome
Authors: Stefan J. Teipel, Mark B. Schapiro, Gene E. Alexander, Jack S. Krasuski, Barry Horwitz, Christian Hoehne, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Stanley I. Rapoport, Harald Hampel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: Aging in Down's syndrome is accompanied by amyloid and neurofibrillary pathology, the regional and laminar distribution of which resembles pathological changes seen in Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated age-related atrophy of medial temporal lobe structures in nondemented older subjects with Down's syndrome, reflecting early allocortical pathology. Corpus callosum atrophy has been established as a marker of neocortical neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease. This study investigated whether atrophy of the corpus callosum and hippocampus occurs in nondemented subjects with Down's syndrome and compared the degree of age-related atrophy between these structures. METHOD: Hippocampus and corpus callosum measures were obtained from volumetric T1-weighted MRI scans of 34 nondemented Down's syndrome adults (mean age=41.6 years, 17 women) and 31 healthy comparison subjects (mean age=41.8 years, 14 women). RESULTS: Down's syndrome subjects had smaller corpus callosum areas and hippocampal volumes relative to age-matched healthy comparison subjects, even after age and total intracranial volume were controlled. There was an age-related decrease of corpus callosum area (most prominent in posterior regions) and hippocampal volume in the Down's syndrome group. The degree of the age effect was comparable between the total corpus callosum and hippocampus, and corpus callosum size was correlated with cognitive performance in the Down's syndrome subjects. There was no correlation between age and corpus callosum or hippocampal size in the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS: Comparable decrease of corpus callosum and hippocampal size with age in nondemented subjects with Down's syndrome suggests that neocortical neuronal alterations accompany allocortical changes in the predementia phase of Down's syndrome.
Proliferation and release of IL-5 and IFN-γ by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cat-allergic asthmatics and rhinitics, non–cat-allergic asthmatics, and normal controls to peptides derived from Fel d 1 chain 1
Authors: Brigitte M. Haselden, Ekaterina Syrigou, Meinir Jones, David Huston, Kunio Ichikawa, Martin D. Chapman, A.Barry Kay, Mark Larché
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Male Skeletal Health and Osteoporosis
Authors: John P. Bilezikian, Etah S. Kurland, Clifford J. Rosen
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (1999)

Osteoporosis has long been considered to be a disease of the aging female skeleton. As awareness of the pervasiveness of this disorder heightens, men are also being shown to be at risk for osteoporosis. The purpose of this article is to review what is known about the factors in the male that lead to acquisition, maintenance and loss of bone, as well as new insights into a group of men whose osteoporosis, although severe, remains to be explained.
A sodium channel knockin mutant (NaV1.4-R669H) mouse model of hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Authors: Fenfen Wu, Wentao Mi, Dennis K. Burns, Yu Fu, Hillery F. Gray, Arie F. Struyk, Stephen C. Cannon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) is an ion channelopathy of skeletal muscle characterized by attacks of muscle weakness associated with low serum K+. HypoPP results from a transient failure of muscle fiber excitability. Mutations in the genes encoding a calcium channel (CaV1.1) and a sodium channel (NaV1.4) have been identified in HypoPP families. Mutations of NaV1.4 give rise to a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders, with gain-of-function defects causing myotonia or hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. To address the question of specificity for the allele encoding the NaV1.4-R669H variant as a cause of HypoPP and to produce a model system in which to characterize functional defects of the mutant channel and susceptibility to paralysis, we generated knockin mice carrying the ortholog of the gene encoding the NaV1.4-R669H variant (referred to herein as R669H mice). Homozygous R669H mice had a robust HypoPP phenotype, with transient loss of muscle excitability and weakness in low-K+ challenge, insensitivity to high-K+ challenge, dominant inheritance, and absence of myotonia. Recovery was sensitive to the Na+/K+-ATPase pump inhibitor ouabain. Affected fibers had an anomalous inward current at hyperpolarized potentials, consistent with the proposal that a leaky gating pore in R669H channels triggers attacks, whereas a reduction in the amplitude of action potentials implies additional loss-of-function changes for the mutant NaV1.4 channels.
Slow Response to Clopidogrel Predicts Low Response
Authors: Anne Bellemain-Appaix, Gilles Montalescot, Johanne Silvain, Olivier Barthélémy, Farzin Beygui, Jean-Philippe Collet, Georges Sideris, Catherine Meuleman, Claire Bal-dit-Sollier, Nicolas Lellouche, Grégory Ducrocq, Michel Slama, Olivier Milleron, Patrick Henry, Ludovic Drouet
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Avoiding Infection From Blood Transfusion in Neonatal Units-Reply
Authors: George F. Grady
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  Dr Novak is correct in pointing out that technological advances have lagged, and, thus, the ideal reduction in donor exposure has not yet been approached in transfusion practices among premature infants. However, despite my sympathy for the transfusionist who has to balance the competing demands of prompt availability of blood with economy, safety, and so on, I do not think that these issues should cloud appreciation of the lower total disease rates that always follow when any given donor's blood is restricted to fewer recipients. Only in patients with a lifelong need for hundreds of transfusions can it be shown that reduction in donor exposure reaches a point of diminishing returns.  The multiplicity of donors used for premature infants is based not only on the limitations in current multibag technology, but also arises because an empirically defined degree of freshness of blood is thought desirable to minimize bilirubin
Dysregulated microRNAs affect pathways and targets of biologic relevance in nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Siok-Bian Ng, Junli Yan, Gaofeng Huang, Viknesvaran Selvarajan, Jim Liang-Seah Tay, Baohong Lin, Chonglei Bi, Joy Tan, Yok-Lam Kwong, Norio Shimizu, Katsuyuki Aozasa, Wee-Joo Chng
Journal: Blood (2011)
Life, but not as I knew it
Authors: Jed Rowe
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The day was mine. Not going to work meant I could miss the battle of the bathrooms. With time I can manage without help, I told my wife. So with a quiet house I laid out my clothes and meandered down to the shower.

Firstly, the shampoo. The only bottle I can squeeze had disappeared, probably into my son's overnight bag. I took my wife's expensive stuff into the living room, lay on the couch, bit the bottle, and managed to get some of the gloop on to my head, the sofa, and under my arms. A sticky stride to the shower ensued and a good elbow turned on a scalding stream. The …
Rate of HIV transmission among Africans in UK "underestimated"
Authors: P. Brown
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Africans in Britain are the country's second biggest group, after homosexual men, to be infected with HIV, a conference in London heard last week. Yet research into the specific factors that put Britain's African communities at risk of infection is only now beginning.

Dr Caroline Ndofor-Tah, a sociologist and a coordinator for the African Families HIV/AIDS project with the London Borough of Waltham Forest, contrasted the lack of detailed information about African people's sexual mixing patterns with the “considerable” amount learned about British homosexual men's behaviour.

Studies in the homosexual community had helped to inform policies that had reduced the number of new infections. …
The Pituitary-Adrenocortical Function
Authors: C. W. Buckley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1951)

This little booklet embodies the work of a committee of the British Medical Association under the chairmanship of Lord Horder, which being composed of Consultants, Spa practitioners, General practitioners, and observers from the Ministry of Health, was well equipped to investigate the subject impartially and to furnish a report which should prove useful to practitioners, free from advertisement while giving all necessary information.
A delayed suppression of the renin-aldosterone axis following saline infusion in human hypertension.
Authors: M L Tuck, G H Williams, R G Dluhy, M Greenfield, T J Moore
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The purpose of this study was to compare the acute suppressibility of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) axis in normotensive (n = 23) and essential hypertensive (n = 62) subjects. Only those hypertensive subjects with normal plasma renin activity (PRA) levels (sodium restricted, upright) were included in the study. Acute suppression of the RAA axis was determined by measuring PRA, plasma angiotensin II (A II), and plasma aldosterone (PA) at frequent intervals during the infusion of isotonic saline (500 ml/hour for 6 hours). Although all parameters fell significantly from control levels by 20-30 minutes in the normotensive subjects, we found that 60% of the hypertensive subjects showed no significant decline in PRA or PA until 120-240 minutes after beginning the infusion. The other hypertensive subjects showed normal RAA suppression. In addition, while there were no significant differences between the three groups in control PRA or PA levels, we found that the PA levels from 30 to 240 minutes during the saline were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in the hypertensive subjects with delayed suppression. That there were two distinct populations in the hypertensive group was suggested by the bimodality of the frequency response curve, with peaks occurring at 30 and 240 minutes. These studies indicate an abnormality in the acute suppression of the RAA axis in a substantial proportion of subjects with normal renin essential hypertension. Since previous studies in normal subjects have reported that the early phase of response to saline infusion is related to the sodium ion per se and not to intravascular volume expansion, we have come to the conclusion that the present data are consistent with the hypothesis that the delayed suppression hypertensive group has a diminished ability to respond to the sodium ion.
Pet Turtles as a Cause of Human Salmonellosis
Authors: Leslie P. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1965)

An infected pet turtle was shown to be the source of a case of human salmonellosis. The investigations that followed this finding resulted in 16 serotypes of Salmonella being designated turtle-associated types. Epidemiologic follow-up of these serotypes demonstrated, in addition to the original case, five index cases where turtles were the source of infection. Nine additional patients with salmonellosis had owned turtles but they were unavailable for sampling. Of the 22 infected persons found, 6 had been hospitalized and 13 excreted salmonellae for over 30 days. The majority of those infected were under 6 years of age; however, three mothers were also infected. The chain of transmission could be broken by the strict adherence to sanitary procedures when handling turtles or the production and marketing of turtles and turtle food free of salmonellae.
170 VASOPRESSIN-BASED REFLEX REGULATING PORTAL PRESSURE AND BILE HOMEOSTASIS AFTER PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY IN RATS AND HUMANS
Authors: V. Serriere-Lanneau, G. Alonso, A. Nicou, I. Garcin, M. Gigou, I. Doignon, L. Humbert, D. Rainteau, D. Azoulay, D. Castaing, M.C. Gillon, D. Samuel, J.C. Duclos-Vallee, T. Tordjmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene polymorphisms in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Liesbet Henckaerts, Martine Jaspers, Werner Van Steenbergen, Liesbet Vliegen, Johan Fevery, Hilde Nuytten, Tania Roskams, Paul Rutgeerts, Jean-Jacques Cassiman, Séverine Vermeire, Harry Cuppens
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)