tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunoelectrophoretic studies on human small intestinal brush border proteins: cellular alterations in the levels of brush border enzymes after jejunoileal bypass operation.
Authors: H Skovbjerg, E Gudmand-Hoyer, O Noren, H Sjostrom
Journal: Gut (1980)

The amounts of lactase (EC 3.2.1.23), sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48), maltase (EC 3.2.1.20), microvillus aminopeptidase (microsomal EC3.4.11.2), and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.X) in biopsies from proximal jejunum and distal ileum were studied by quantitative crossed immunoelectrophoresis and enzymatic assays in obese patients one and six months after jejunoileal bypass operation and compared with peroperative levels. They were related to DNA and protein content. The protein/DNA ratio fell 28-43% postoperatively. Except for ileal lactase and sucrase all enzymes showed decreased levels when expressed per mg protein and an even more pronounced decrease when related to DNA. Lactase and sucrase levels in ileum were increased or unchanged. A constant correlation between the amount of immunoreactive enzyme protein and enzymatic activity was shown for all enzymes except maltase. The results suggest that the bypass operation is followed by an increased amount of enterocytes devoid of or low in enzymatic activity and protein content. The amounts of lactase and sucrase in ileum are increased in relation to the other enzymes. No immunoreactive enzymes with zero or depressed activity were detected.
Thirty-eight Cases of the Guillain-Barre Syndrome: An Immunological Study
Authors: S. C. Melnick
Journal: BMJ (1963)

<h3>Objective</h3> Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are vulnerable to cervical dysplasia due to the persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The objective of this cross-sectional retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence of cervical cancer screening according to the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) SLE-specific cervical cancer screening guidelines. We also aimed to identify SLE-specific determinants associated with ASCCP adherence. <h3>Methods</h3> Women aged 21 to 64 years enrolled in our institutional SLE registry were included in the study. The electronic medical record was manually reviewed to determine whether the patient was up to date on screening and which organizational guideline was used, in addition to other clinical variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for ASCCP-congruent screening for each baseline characteristic. <h3>Results</h3> This study included 118 women with SLE; 38% were up to date per ASCCP guidelines, 16% were up to date per non-ASCCP guidelines, and 46% were overdue for screening. Having a gynecologist and being actively treated with immunosuppressant therapies were both associated with an increased odds of being up to date per the ASCCP guidelines, while Hispanic ethnicity was associated with reduced odds. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Only half of the women with SLE in our study had guideline-congruent cervical cancer screening. Current immunosuppression exposure, rather than SLE disease activity, was associated with an increased odds of being up to date according to ASCCP guidelines. This study suggests the need for increased awareness and consensus among interdisciplinary providers regarding SLE-specific cervical cancer screening.
Diagnostic accuracy of ambulatory ECG monitoring in ischemic heart disease.
Authors: S Stern, D Tzivoni, Z Stern
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Fifty patients with precordial pain were evaluated by 24 hour ambulatory ECG monitoring during normal everyday activities, and by coronary arteriography. The monitoring was regarded as positive if deviation of the ST segment of 1 mm or more from the resting pattern was observed, or if major T wave inversion occurred. Comparison of the results of the two tests showed a good correlation. Among the 32 patients with positive abnormalities on ECG monitoring, 28 had severe coronary disease (greater than 60% obstruction). Among the 18 patients with negative monitoring, only three had severe coronary disease. All seven patients with major T inversion had significant coronary obstruction. The type of chest pain and the resting ECG were less indicative of coronary pathology. The good correlation demonstrated between the ambulatory ECG monitoring and coronary arteriograms validates the monitoring as a reliable tool for uncovering latent ischemic heart disease (IHD) and for evaluation of patients with established IHD.
Melatonin prevents ischemia reperfusion injury in hamster cheek pouch microcirculation
Authors: S. Bertuglia, P.L. Marchiafava, A. Colantuoni
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

We used the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation to investigate the effects of melatonin (ME) on ischemia reperfusion (I-R) injury by in vivo microscopy. ME is a hormone produced by the pineal gland and is the most powerful and effective hydroxyl radical scavenger detected to date in vitro. The second aim was to determine the scavenger effect of ME in cheek pouch microcirculation when topically applying an oxygen-derived free radical generating system.Ischemia was induced by clamping the cheek pouch for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion. We quantified the increase in permeability, the perfused capillary length and leukocyte adhesion by computerized methods. Microcirculation was also exposed to a hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (H-X) system.In control hamsters I-R was associated with increased permeability, increased number of leukocytes sticking to venules, and decreased perfused capillary length. Treatment with ME completely inhibited microvascular edema formation and reduced the number of leukocytes sticking to venules after reperfusion. Moreover, ME prevented the marked decrease in perfused capillary length, preserving microvascular perfusion. ME topically applied reduced significantly the permeability increase due to H-X exposure.The beneficial effect of ME may be related to its antioxidant properties. These protect the endothelial barrier integrity as well as preserve microvascular blood perfusion by dysfunctions after I-R.
Glucagon Secretion from the Perfused Rat Pancreas STUDIES WITH GLUCOSE AND CATECHOLAMINES
Authors: Gordon C. Weir, Stephen D. Knowlton, Donald B. Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The isolated in situ perfused rat pancreas was used to study glucose and catecholamine control of glucagon secretion, and to investigate the possible role of endogenous cyclic AMP as a mediator of this secretory process. When perfusate glucose was acutely dropped from 100 to 25 mg/100 ml, glucagon was released in a biphasic pattern with an early spike and a later plateau-like response. 300 mg/100 ml glucose suppressed glucagon secretion to near the detection limit of the radioimmunoassay (15 pg/ml). When perfusate glucose was dropped from 300 to 25 mg/100 ml, a delayed, relatively small peak occurred suggesting persisting alpha cell suppression by prior high glucose exposure. 2-Deoxy d-glucose stimulated glucagon secretion and inhibited insulin secretion. Glucagon was secreted in a biphasic pattern in response to both 2.7 x 10(-7) M epinephrine and norepinephrine. The glucagon response to epinephrine was markedly suppressed by glucose at 300 mg/100 ml, and the biphasic response pattern was obliterated. Glucose evoked a two-phase insulin secretory pattern, and the second phase was markedly and rapidly inhibited by epinephrine. Pancreases were perfused with glucose at 300 mg/100 ml which was then lowered to 80 mg/100 ml. 5 min later, epinephrine was infused and definite blunting of the first-phase spike occurred. 10 mM theophylline produced modest rapid uniphasic stimulation of glucagon release, and, in addition, caused enhancement of epinephrine-stimulated glucagon release. An inhibitory influence upon epinephrine-stimulated glucagon was observed as well. Insulin secretion was stimulated by 10 mM theophylline, and this stimulation was inhibited by epinephrine.
Healthy Women's PEF Variations with Ambient Summer Concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, SO<sub>4</sub> <sup>2 −</sup>, H<sup>+</sup>, and O<sub>3</sub>
Authors: LUKE P. NAEHER, THEODORE R. HOLFORD, WILLIAM S. BECKETT, KATHLEEN BELANGER, ELIZABETH W. TRICHE, MICHAEL B. BRACKEN, BRIAN P. LEADERER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The relationship between ambient air pollution and daily change in peak expiratory flow (PEF) was studied in a sample of 473 nonsmoking women (age 19 to 43 yr) in Virginia over summers 1995– 1996. Daily 24-h averages of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), fine particulate sulfate (SO4 2 −) and strong acid (H+), hourly ozone (O3), and select meteorologic variables (e.g., temperature) were collected at a regional outdoor monitoring site. Subjects took PEF measurements twice daily for a 2-wk period using a standard MiniWright peak flow meter. Concurrent measures for summer periods of 24-h PM2.5 ( μ g/m3) ranged from 3.5 to 59.7; H+ (nmol/m3) from 0 to 250; maximal daily 8-h average O3 (ppb) from 17.0 to 87.6. Morning PEF decrements were significantly associated with H+ and PM2.5. An increase of 50 η mol/m3 of H+ and 10 μ g/m3 of PM2.5 related to decreases of 0.89 (95% CI = 0.21 to 1.57) and 0.73 (95% CI = 0.07 to 1.38) L/min in morning PEF, respectively. Ozone was the only exposure related to evening PEF with 5-d cumulative lag exposure showing the greatest effect; 7.65 L/ min (95% CI = 2.25 to 13.0) decrease per 30 ppb O3 increase. Separate physiologic effects were observed for summer ambient concentrations of two different pollutants (PEF decrements related to PM2.5 in morning and O3 in evening) at concentrations below the new U.S. EPA 24-h ambient air quality standard for PM2.5 and 8-h standard for O3.
Prognostic significance of molecular staging by PCR-amplification of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
Authors: G Mitterbauer-Hohendanner, C Mannhalter, K Winkler, M Mitterbauer, C Skrabs, A Chott, I Simonitsch-Klupp, A Gleiß, K Lechner, U Jaeger
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Effectiveness of β-Blockade in Experimental Chronic Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Eric Plante, Dominic Lachance, Martin Gaudreau, Marie-Claude Drolet, Élise Roussel, Marie Arsenault, Jacques Couet
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Past studies have suggested that the adrenergic system becomes abnormally activated in chronic volume overload, such as in severe aortic valve regurgitation (AR). However, the effectiveness of agents directed against this adrenergic activation has never been adequately tested in chronic AR. We therefore tested the effects of metoprolol treatment on the left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling in severe chronic AR in rats. Methods and Results— Severe AR was created in adult male Wistar rats by retrograde puncture of the aortic leaflets under echocardiographic guidance. Two weeks later, some animals received metoprolol treatment (25 mg/kg) orally for 24 weeks, and some were left untreated. LV dimensions, ejection fraction, and filling parameters were evaluated by echocardiography. Hearts were harvested at 1, 2, 14, and 180 days for the evaluation of hypertrophy, β-adrenergic receptor status, and extracellular matrix remodeling. We found that metoprolol treatment prevented LV dilatation and preserved the ejection fraction and filling parameters compared with untreated animals. Metoprolol increased the expression of β 1 -adrenoreceptor mRNA and reduced G protein receptor kinase 2 levels. Collagen I and III mRNA levels were reduced. Cardiac myocyte hypertrophy was also prevented. Conclusions— In our experimental model of severe AR, metoprolol treatment had a significant beneficial global effect on LV remodeling and function. These results suggest that the adrenergic system is important in the development of volume-overload cardiomyopathy in AR and that adrenergic-blocking agents may play a role in the treatment of this disease.
A Midwife Through the Dying Process: Stories of Healing and Hard Choices at the End of Life
Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (1997)

"Dr. Richard Whitehead with his first class in gross anatomy (1890), adjacent to the rock that marked the southern border of the campus. (Photograph courtesy of the North Carolina Collection, University of North Carolina Library at Chapel Hill.)" From<b>Legends and Legacies: A Look Inside: Four Decades of Surgery at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1952-1993</b>, edited by Mary Jane Kagarise and Colin G. Thomas, Jr, 461 pp, with illus, $65, ISBN 0-9653036-0-8, Chapel Hill, NC, Department of Surgery, UNC School of Medicine, 1997. Reproduced by permission. Timothy Quill, MD, has established his reputation as a leading advocate of physician-assisted suicide, primarily by telling stories tenderly recounting the cases of his patients. His "Diane" story touched people and made it plausible to consider physician-assisted suicide as the compassionate thing to do for dying patients. In<i>A Midwife Through the Dying Process</i>, Quill offers nine additional stories of
Wit and Fizz: Selected Works of Ruth Holland
Authors: M. O'Donnell
Journal: BMJ (1998)

BMJ Books, £12.95, pp 128

ISBN 0 7279 12801

“He literally brought the house down,” says Paul Crossley on Radio 3. “Yes,” says Michael Berkeley. “It was very exciting the way he set the hall alight.”

Maybe the sporting challenge of competitive piano playing exempts commentators from listening to what they're saying. Essayistsm can't afford that indulgence. Ruth Holland listens to every word that she uses and, as a result, she doesn't write at us but talks to us. Here's how she started a …
Counting the cost of proton pump inhibitors
Authors: P MOAYYEDI
Journal: Gut (2001)

See article on page 488 

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have become an indispensable part of the armoury of treating gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). They are more effective than H2 receptor antagonists and prokinetic agents in oesophagitis and endoscopy negative reflux disease.1 This efficacy comes at a price however and PPIs are the most expensive class of drug in the UK, costing nearly £300 million in 1998.2 There have been attempts to curb PPI expenditure and the UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence has issued guidelines on appropriate prescription.2 

The problem is that there is a dearth of health economic data to inform those making health care decisions. Economic models have suggested that PPIs are cost effective therapy for GORD but there have been criticisms of this approach3 and they do not address the root of the problem. Economic decisions are simple when a drug that is more expensive and less effective is compared with a cheaper more effective agent. The latter is said to “dominate” the former and it requires little health economic expertise to realise that the cheaper drug should be used. Problems arise when a more …
Pupillary mobility and skin colour.
Authors: A S Spiers
Journal: BMJ (1971)

the fact that they are hospital-based in decid- ing which arrangement is the better.But I am certain of one thing: that there is need for experiment and that in this most important work policy based purely on depart- mental decree is not good enough.If, in the broadest sense, we are to get value for money this airing of the resettlement of the disabled should be followed by a planned comparative study.-I am, etc.,
Cardiovascular Risks with Azithromycin and Other Antibacterial Drugs
Authors: Andrew D. Mosholder, Justin Mathew, John J. Alexander, Harry Smith, Sumathi Nambiar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The FDA recently approved labeling changes advising against the use of azithromycin in patients with known cardiovascular risk factors such as QT-interval prolongation, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, bradycardia, or use of class IA or class III antiarrhythmic agents.
THE EFFECTS OF PANCREAS PREPARATIONS BY THE MOUTH UPON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
Authors: P. J. Cammidge
Journal: BMJ (1925)

THEzcBoiLHtlhe sort of tuberculosis whiclh should lend itself to a cure w-heni tlle specific cule for tuber-culosis htas b)een founid.2. Simple coinsumptioni or simple p)llthisis pulnmonium, called simple by analogy witlh simple otitis media, simple nmeniingitis, as opposed to a coniditioni due whlolly to a specific sinlgle cause, sucil as tuberciulms otitis media, (erebro-spinal meningitis, etc.A coniditio-i in wlielh histo- lysis is p)rodllced by catarrho-pyogeniic organisms; the de- strucetioni at first may be slight and unrecognizable clinically em-radiographically.All that the-patient complainis of is sliglht lhaenmoptysis, or even marked liaemoptysis, a cough that w6ill not com\ to ani end, as if due to subacuite or clhronic catarirhal or suppurative bronclhitis; or the patienit may complain of severer sympto-ms, and examination may reveal acute or chronic pneulmonia, or cavity formation, or bronichiectasis, or pu-trid bronchitis, with signs especially in onie part of the lung, anid there may be progressive wasting and debility.In all case.s,wlhethler sliglht or severe, histo- lysis of some, of the lung tissuies hias taken place.All Signs anid symnptomis may disappear, never to returin; or thlere may bo recurrences, or persistenit clhan-ge takes place, anid in the latter case catarrlho-pyogenic organisms are " cairied " organisms, and may be carried for many years, from the first infection, whatever form it takes.But it is not necessary for the first infection to be accompanied by severe manifestations, or eveni slight oumes.The tubercle bacillus takes no part in encouraging these infections to occur, or il l)roducing any of the signs or symptoms.
Accumulation of technetium-99m pyrophosphate in experimental infarctions in the rat
Authors: J LESSEM, P I POLIMENI, E PAGE, L RESNEKOV, P V HARPER, V STARK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Cardiac accumulation patterns of pyrophosphate labelled with techetium-99m (TcPyP) in rats one hour to 7 days after coronary artery ligation were studied by light microscopy, myocardial scintigraphy, imaging the isolated heart and by direct measurement of tissue activity. Results suggest that myocardial cells taking up TcPyP are irreversibly damaged and that the disappearance of TcPyP uptake coincides with the removal of necrotic cells by phagocytes.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and the Dalkon Shield
Authors: Peter M. Layde
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the most important diseases occurring among young women. More than 850,000 cases occur annually in the United States, resulting in more than 200,000 hospital admissions and 2,500,000 physician visits.<sup>1-3</sup>The economic costs of PID are estimated to exceed $1.1 billion annually.<sup>3</sup>Perhaps even more important than acute PID are its long-term sequelae, including ectopic pregnancy, infertility, recurrent pelvic infection, and chronic pelvic pain. In developed countries, PID accounts for an estimated 30% to 40% of infertility among women and for about half of all ectopic pregnancies.<sup>4</sup> The importance of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in the etiology of PID has long been recognized.<sup>4</sup>Recent work suggests that the most important non—STD-related risk factor for PID is a woman's method of contraception.<sup>4-7</sup> Both oral contraceptives and barrier methods of contraception (such as condoms, diaphragms, and spermicidal foams or jellies) roughly
Case 8-1965
Authors: George S. Richardson, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Presentation of CaseA twenty-one-year-old gravida 0 housewife entered the hospital because of amenorrhea.She had been well until three years previously, when the menses became irregular, with periods of prolonged flow. Thyroid hormone and prednisone were given for two months but were without benefit. Twenty-two months later the menses ceased, and obesity, deepening of the voice and hirsutism developed.Ten months before admission Cytologic examination of vaginal secretions revealed a low estrogen response; the twenty-four-hour urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids was 22.3 mg. The fasting blood sugar level was normal, and a glucose tolerance test was negative. An intramuscular injection . . .
Abstract 4467: Gene-specific methylation of leukocyte DNA in relation to colorectal cancer among male smokers from a nested case-control study in the ATBC Study
Authors: Ying Gao, Neil Caporaso
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Gene-specific methylation of Leukocyte DNA in relation to colorectal cancer among male smokers from a nested case-control study in the ATBC Study Recent data suggest a link between leukocyte DNA methylation and cancer risk. However, data on DNA methylation from a prospective study, which may provide evidence for causality, are sparse. We explored the association between methylation in leukocyte DNA and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in male smokers using the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study. 221 incident CRC cases, and 219 controls, frequency-matched on age and smoking intensity were included. DNA methylation of 1505 CpG sites selected from 807 genes were evaluated using Illumina GoldenGate Methylation Cancer Panel I in pre-diagnostic blood leukocytes of study subjects. Tertiles of methylation level classified according to the distribution in controls for each CpG site were used to analyze the association between methylation level and CRC risk with logistic regression. The time between blood draw to cancer diagnosis (classifying cases according to latency) was incorporated in further analyses using proportional odds regression. We found that methylation changes of 30 CpG sites were associated with CRC risk at P&amp;lt;0.01 level. Taking the latency information into account strengthened some associations, suggesting that the methylation levels of corresponding sites might change over time with tumor progression. This is the first prospective study for CRC risk focusing on gene-specific DNA methylation to date. The results suggest that the methylation level of some genes were associated with cancer susceptibility and some were related to tumor development over time. Further studies are warranted to confirm and refine our results. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4467. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4467
ADDITIONAL PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF HIGH SENSITIVITY C REACTIVE PROTEIN TO PREDICT IN-HOSPITAL ADVERSE EVENT IN PATIENTS WITH STRESS INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Jun-won Lee, Jang-Young Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Young Jin Yoon, Joong Kyung Sung, Sung Gyun Ahn, Byung Soo Yoo, Seung Hwan Lee, Junghan Yoon, Kyung Hoon Choe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Everyman's view of doctors
Authors: D. Matheou
Journal: BMJ (2001)

My first love was a medical student. I must recommend it. I always attributed her verve to an unabashed quest for anatomical knowledge, her lack of inhibition to the fact that she had pretty much seen it all. Along the way, minor ailments were treated and hypochondria dispelled, with adept matter of factness.

Not surprisingly, this was the best doctor-patient relationship I've ever had; long after we split up, the poor woman would still receive frantic calls from me: so what is male pattern baldness? Should I really have started shrinking at …