tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 31: Prediction of coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcium in middle-aged adults using the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) risk score: the CARDIA study
Authors: Christopher Prendergast, Jamal S Rana, Alex McMahan, Henry McGill, Jeff Carr, Kiang Liu, Laura Colangelo, Catherine Loria, Joao Lima, Greg Terry, Samuel S Gidding
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Risk scores to predict coronary and abdominal atherosclerosis have been developed from autopsy specimens from the right coronary artery and descending aorta and risk factors measured post-mortem in the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Study (PDAY), cohort aged 15-34 years. While the PDAY risk score predicts coronary artery calcium (CAC) up to 15 years before its assessment in Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), the clinical validity at 25 years follow up and of the abdominal score to predict abdominal aortic calcium (AAC) has not been tested. Objectives: To test the hypotheses: 1) PDAY risk scores at CARDIA baseline (cohort aged 18-30 years) predict CAC and abdominal aortic calcium (AAC) at year 25 better than PDAY risk scores measured at subsequent time points. 2) Change in risk over time will improve associations in Aim 1. Methods: The CARDIA study assessed CAC and AAC by computed tomography in young adults participating at year 25. The PDAY risk score was calculated from risk factors measured at the CARDIA examinations at years 0 (cohort aged 18-30 years), 5, 10, 15 and 25 (age 43-55 years). Results: Age and gender independent PDAY risk scores increased from CARDIA year 0 to year 25 (coronary from 1.80 to 4.95, abdomen from 1.88 to 3.18). Prevalence of any CAC was 28% and AAC was 53%. For a one point increase in risk score, baseline risk predicted CAC and AAC better than year 25 risk; change in risk improved the prediction further (Table). C-statistics for CAC prediction were higher at year 0 but similar at years 0 and 25 for AAC. Further analyses using PDAY scores calculated at 5 year intervals prior to the CT scan confirmed that CAC at baseline and AAC at year 5 had the highest Odds Ratios for a one point increase in score (AAC year 5 Odds Ratio 1.35 (1.30-1.41)). Conclusions: PDAY risk scores, applied to living adults in the CARDIA study, predicted CAC and AAC in 43-55 year old adults; including change in risk slightly improves model performance.
THE OCCURRENCE OF EDEMA OF THE PHARYNX AND LARYNX IN INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Authors: P RAVENNA, J SNYDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1948)

Case Reports1 April 1948THE OCCURRENCE OF EDEMA OF THE PHARYNX AND LARYNX IN INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSISPAOLO RAVENNA, M.D., JEROME SNYDER, M.D.PAOLO RAVENNA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JEROME SNYDER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-28-4-861 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe symptoms and signs of infectious mononucleosis are variable and imitative of many common diseases. The diagnosis is made by the laboratory findings of a lymphocytosis with atypical cells and of an increased titer of the heterophile antibody (Paul-Bunnell test). Often these tests should be repeated, for a single negative result does not rule out the presence of the disease. Infectious mononucleosis should be suspected in every case of sore throat and in every acute illness with lymph node enlargement and/or splenomegaly, but unfortunately no single physical sign is so characteristic that its finding invites the repetition of the diagnostic...Bibliography1. WINTROBE MM: Infectious mononucleosis, in: Clinical Hematology, Second Edition, 1946, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, p. 803. Google Scholar2. BERNSTEIN A: Infectious mononucleosis, Medicine, 1940, xix, 85-159. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. VANDER MEERLUTTERLOHPILOT RCJ: Infectious mononucleosis. An analysis of 26 clinical and 340 subclinical cases, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1945, ccx, 765-774. Google Scholar4. WERLINDOLGOPOLSTERN SJVBME: Infectious mononucleosis. A diagnostic problem, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1941, cci, 474-483. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. CONTRATTO AW: Infectious mononucleosis. A study of 196 cases, Arch. Int. Med., 1944, lxxiii, 449-459. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. KRUGERWALLACEPENCHANSKY ALAWSJ: Infectious mononucleosis. A clinical study of 63 cases, Ann. Int. Med., 1945, xxiii, 945-954. Google Scholar7. WALKER WH: Infectious mononucleosis. Study of 29 cases, Bull. U. S. Army Med. Dept., 1944, Nr. 83, 80-93. Google Scholar8. CH'ENTENG KCCT: Infectious mononucleosis simulating laryngeal diphtheria with laryngeal obstruction, Chinese Med. Jr., 1941, lix, 116-130. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication June 6, 1946. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1948Volume 28, Issue 4Page: 861-866KeywordsDiphtheria ePublished: 14 March 2020 Issue Published: 1 April 1948 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 15790: Simultaneous Longitudinal Strain in All 4 Cardiac Chambers - A Novel Method to Assess Cardiac Function
Authors: Karima Addetia, Masaaki Takeuchi, Francesco Maffessanti, Lynn Weinert, James Hamilton, Victor Mor-Avi, Roberto M Lang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Simultaneous assessment of longitudinal strain (LS) by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in all 4 cardiac chambers could potentially provide a yet untapped venue for the assessment of chamber mechanics. Our goal was to study LS curves obtained simultaneously from all 4 cardiac chambers in normal subjects categorized by age and gender, in order to gain insight into the functional relationships between chambers.

Methods: We studied 109 normal subjects (58 men, 51 women; age 39±13) in whom it was possible to obtain apical 4-chamber views that contained the entire left and right ventricles (LV, RV) and both atria (LA, RA) in the same sector. 2D STE was performed in all 4 chambers in the same cardiac cycle to measure LS using vendor-independent software (Epsilon Imaging) (figure 1A). The inter-ventricular septum was considered part of the LV, while RV strain was measured only in the free-wall segments. The inter-atrial septum was included in the LS measurements of both atria.

Results: Strain curves of the RV and RA were larger in magnitude than the corresponding left heart chambers (figure 1B), resulting in larger peak systolic LS values (table, bottom left).LS for the LA peaked significantly later than the LV, RV and RA. Gender differences were found only in the LV and LA, where peak systolic LS values were significantly larger in magnitude in females than males (table, bottom left). Age differences were significant only in the LA, where the younger age groups (<40) showed larger magnitude strain values than the older group (≥60) (table, top right, stars).

Conclusions: Simultaneous measurement of LS provides new insight into inter-chamber relationships including age and gender differences in normal subjects. This new tool may prove useful in evaluating diseases that affect cardiac chambers differently.

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Viruslike Particles in Precancerous Hyperplastic Mammary Tissues of C3H and C3Hf Mice2
Authors: Dorothy R. Pitelka, Kenneth B. Deome, Howard A. Bern
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Viruslike particles in C3H/Crgl mice, seen with the electron microscope, are abundant in hyperplastic mammary tissues that are not neoplastic but known to be preneoplastic. This includes tissue from hyperplastic alveolar nodules and from hyperactive outgrowths of nodules transplanted into gland-free mammary fat pads. Similar hyperplastic tissues from four different C3H sublines presumably lacking the mammary-tumor virus contain abundant viruslike particles indistinguishable from those in C3H/Crgl tissues. Outgrowths from normal transplants, normal hyperplasias (prelactating lobules) of pregnancy, and “noduloids” induced by the administration of estrogen or cortisol typically contain only rare, scattered particles. The data suggest that the viruslike particles are primarily associated with the precancerous mammary hyperplasias; their relationships to inception of tumor and to the mammary-tumor virus remain unknown.
ATF4-dependent induction of heme oxygenase 1 prevents anoikis and promotes metastasis
Authors: Souvik Dey, Carly M. Sayers, Ioannis I. Verginadis, Stacey L. Lehman, Yi Cheng, George J. Cerniglia, Stephen W. Tuttle, Michael D. Feldman, Paul J.L. Zhang, Serge Y. Fuchs, J. Alan Diehl, Constantinos Koumenis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

The integrated stress response (ISR) is a critical mediator of cancer cell survival, and targeting the ISR inhibits tumor progression. Here, we have shown that activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a master transcriptional effector of the ISR, protects transformed cells against anoikis - a specialized form of apoptosis - following matrix detachment and also contributes to tumor metastatic properties. Upon loss of attachment, ATF4 activated a coordinated program of cytoprotective autophagy and antioxidant responses, including induced expression of the major antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). HO-1 upregulation was the result of simultaneous activation of ATF4 and the transcription factor NRF2, which converged on the HO1 promoter. Increased levels of HO-1 ameliorated oxidative stress and cell death. ATF4-deficient human fibrosarcoma cells were unable to colonize the lungs in a murine model, and reconstitution of ATF4 or HO-1 expression in ATF4-deficient cells blocked anoikis and rescued tumor lung colonization. HO-1 expression was higher in human primary and metastatic tumors compared with noncancerous tissue. Moreover, HO-1 expression correlated with reduced overall survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma. These results establish HO-1 as a mediator of ATF4-dependent anoikis resistance and tumor metastasis and suggest ATF4 and HO-1 as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in solid tumors.
Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Incidence and Progression of Coronary Calcium
Authors: Nathan D. Wong, Jennifer C. Nelson, Tanya Granston, Alain G. Bertoni, Roger S. Blumenthal, J. Jeffrey Carr, Alan Guerci, David R. Jacobs, Richard Kronmal, Kiang Liu, Mohammed Saad, Elizabeth Selvin, Russell Tracy, Robert Detrano
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Survey Suggesting That Prescription Drug Ads Help Public Is Met With Skepticism
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Christopher Columbus in the Convent of La Rabida Explaining His Intended Voyage
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coated stents reduce risk of restenosis.
Authors: Abi Berger
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Heart surgeons may soon be able to make use of specially designed coronary artery stents, which are covered with a polymer coating that releases into the arterial walls genetic material that inhibits cell growth.

A team from Philadelphia in the United States has developed an approach in pigs that combines gene therapy with traditional stenting, which should help to prevent the common problem of coronary artery restenosis ( Nature Biotechnology 2000;18:1181-4).

Almost all patients experience a subobstructive level of restenosis after stenting that is caused by the damage induced by the arteries being over-stretched. Symptomatic restenosis occurs in about 20% of patients within six months of stenting, and 10% of …
The role of EGFR* signaling pathway for tumor maintenance and alternative pathways in glioblastoma which enhance tumor growth
Authors: Akitake Mukasa, Julie Steele, Lynda Chin, Webster K. K. Cavenee, Frank Furnari
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A74   Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene amplification occurs in approx. 40% of all glioblastomas. EGFR* (deletion of exons 2-7), which is found in approximately 20-30 % of human glioblastomas, is the most commonly occurring mutant form and is shown to confer enhanced tumorigenecity. EGFR has been used as a tumor-specific drug target in kinase inhibitor, antibody-based immunotherapy and immunotoxin approaches, although EGFR* has not been established as being required for tumor maintenance. Moreover, recent experience with kinase inhibitor therapy indicates that tumors will eventually grow through the therapy, either because of desensitizing mutations in the kinase itself or through the activation of alternate oncogenic pathways. This study seeks to address both of these issues by using glioma cells that conditionally express EGFR* to test the requirement of EGFR* for tumor maintenance and to uncover alternate pathways that gliomas employ to bypass EGFR* inhibition.For these purposes, we developed a tetracycline-regulatable EGFR* expression system, in which EGFR* expression levels in tumor xenografts are repressed by administering doxycycline-containing drinking water to engrafted mice. The cell line chosen for this approach is the human glioblastoma cell line, U373MG, which we have previously shown requires EGFR* for xenograft establishment in mice. Mice fed doxycycline (dox) in their drinking water and injected subcutaneously with tet-regulatable EGFR*- expressing U373 cells failed to form tumors after 50 days, however when dox was omitted from their water, EGFR* was expressed and this resulted in tumor formation. Tumors that were allowed to establish and then switched to dox conditions, resulting in the silencing of EGFR* expression, underwent an extended period of stasis. The growth rate of tumors before and after suppression of EGFR* were dramatically different, and a significant reductions in proliferation rate (Ki-67) was observed in EGFR*-negative tumors. After a period of stasis for EGFR*-negative tumors, some tumors eventually regained aggressive growth, with kinetics similar to EGFR*-expressing tumors. .We conclude that EGFR* is required only for tumor establishment and that gliomas have selective pressure  in vivo  to employ alternative compensatory pathways to acquire aggressiveness. Currently we are aiming to define these alternate pathways and to validate their activation in primary human gliomas as a prelude for preclinical testing. We believe that this will provide novel therapeutic targets that serve as alternatives to EGFR* expression and which can be used in combination targeted therapies.
Portrait Vessel of a Man With Harelip and Tattoos
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract A25: WWOX phosphorylation at Ser14 enhances melanoma docking and growth in the lung and liver in mice
Authors: Wan-Pei Su, Wan-Jen Wang, Nan-Shan Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Understanding of the fundamental cell behavior would help develop strategies for cancer stem cell eradication. Metastatic cancer cells tend to have epigenetically inactivated WWOX gene and are highly aggressive. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that they sense the surrounding WWOX-expressing normal or cancer cells, run away from them, and divide rapidly in order to survive. With time of growth and increased space pressure, these cancer cells grow as spheres with the expression of pluripotent stem cell markers such as Oct4, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and others. WWOX is re-expressed in the cancer stem cell spheres with S14 phosphorylation (pS14), suggesting that pS14WWOX is a potential cancer stem cell marker. Notably, organs, expressing pS14WWOX, are susceptible for melanoma cell docking and homing in vivo. Suppression of WWOX phosphorylation at Ser14 by micromolar levels of full-length Zfra1-31 or truncated Zfra4-10 prevents melanoma growth in the lung and liver in mice. Zfra stimulates non-T and non-B memory Hyal-2+ CD3- CD19- lymphocytes in the mouse spleens by binding to membrane hyaluronidase Hyal-2 and probably suppressing the TGF-beta/Hyal-2/WWOX/Smad4 signaling. In vitro education of Hyal-2+ CD3- CD19- cells suppresses melanoma growth in vivo. Citation Format: Wan-Pei Su, Wan-Jen Wang, Nan-Shan Chang. WWOX phosphorylation at Ser14 enhances melanoma docking and growth in the lung and liver in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Melanoma: From Biology to Therapy; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(14 Suppl):Abstract nr A25.
Quantitative evaluation of the immunodeficiency of a mouse strain by tumor engraftments
Authors: Wei Ye, Zhiwu Jiang, Guan-Xiong Li, Yiren Xiao, Simiao Lin, Yunxin Lai, Suna Wang, Baiheng Li, Bei Jia, Yin Li, Zhi-liang Huang, Jin Li, Fenglan Feng, Shuhua Li, Huihui Yao, Zixia Liu, Su Cao, Lin Xu, Yangqiu Li, Donghai Wu, Lingwen Zeng, Mei Zhong, Pentao Liu, Zhe-sheng Wen, Bing Xu, Yao Yao, Duanqing Pei, Peng Li
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

The mouse is an organism that is widely used as a mammalian model for studying human physiology or disease, and the development of immunodeficient mice has provided a valuable tool for basic and applied human disease research. Following the development of large-scale mouse knockout programs and genome-editing tools, it has become increasingly efficient to generate genetically modified mouse strains with immunodeficiency. However, due to the lack of a standardized system for evaluating the immuno-capacity that prevents tumor progression in mice, an objective choice of the appropriate immunodeficient mouse strains to be used for tumor engrafting experiments is difficult. In this study, we developed a tumor engraftment index (TEI) to quantify the immunodeficiency response to hematologic malignant cells and solid tumor cells of six immunodeficient mouse strains and C57BL/6 wild-type mouse (WT). Mice with a more severely impaired immune system attained a higher TEI score. We then validated that the NOD-scid-IL2Rg−/− (NSI) mice, which had the highest TEI score, were more suitable for xenograft and allograft experiments using multiple functional assays. The TEI score was effectively able to reflect the immunodeficiency of a mouse strain.
Abstract 10740: Bendavia, a Mitochondria-targeting Peptide, Reduces Reperfusion Injury and Reactive Oxygen Species Levels Through a Mechanism Independent of Direct Oxygen Radical Scavenging: A Multicenter Study
Authors: David A Brown, Sharon L Hale, Carlos L Del Rio, Robert L Hamlin, Yukie Yueyama, Anusak Kijtawornrat, Steve T Yeh, Chad R Frasier, Luke M Stewart, Hetal D Patel, Maria C Collins, Barbara J Muller-Borer, Saame R Shaikh, Mitchel Harris, Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman, P D Neufer, Robert A Kloner
Journal: Circulation (2012)

We recently showed that Bendavia, a novel mitochondria-targeting peptide, reduced infarction and no-reflow across several experimental models. The purpose of the present study was to determine the ...