tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Overnight Interruption of Wearing Insulin Pump: Substitution Dose and Injection Site of Insulin
Authors: E Helve, R Pelkonen, V A Koivisto
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Discontinuing wear of the insulin pump for short periods enhances the feasibility of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy. Because insulin requirements differ during pump and injection therapy, we studied the optimal substitution dose arid injection site in seven type I diabetic patients to compensate for the overnight (2100–0730 h) interruption of CSII. The missed basal continuous infusion dose was replaced by injecting intermediate-acting insulin subcutaneously in three different ways: 1) 1.5 times the dose in the abdomen, 2) twice the dose in the abdomen, and 3) twice the dose in the buttock. During CSII, glycemia remained unchanged throughout the night. Both 1.5 times and twice the replacement doses injected in the abdomen resulted in an initial decline in blood glucose with hypoglycemia in two patients followed by a rebound rise. When the replacement dose of 1.5 times was used, blood glucose rose by 4.9 ± 1.2 mM overnight (P &amp;lt; .02). These changes after abdominal injection were associated with a rapid early absorption of injected insulin with hypoinsulinemia in the morning. With twice the replacement dose injected in the buttock, insulin absorption was slower, fluctuations in nocturnal glycemia were minor, and the blood glucose level at 0730 h was similar to that of the previous night. There was a significant inverse correlation between blood glucose and serum free-insulinlevels in the early morning (r = −.60, P &amp;lt; .01). In conclusion, a substitution dose of 1.5 times to twice the missed basal infusion rate injected in the buttock compensates for the overnight interruption of CSII without risk of major fluctuations in blood glucose levels or nocturnal hypoglycemia.
Plane xanthomata associated with multiple myeloma and hyperlipoproteinaemia
Authors: K.J.C. MARIEN, G. SMEENK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

SUMMARY A case of plane xanthomatosis associated with multiple myeloma and hyperlipoproteinaemia in a 62-year-old woman is reported. The patient had IgG type lambda paraproteinaemia and type II A hyperlipoproteinaemia. The IgG paraprotein showed binding activity against high-density lipoproteins. It could not be demonstrated that these paraprotein-lipoprotein complexes were responsible for the hyperlipidaemia. Microchemical analysis of pathological skin demonstrated a high content of triglycerides, similar to that in eruptive xanthomata. No correlation was found between the lipid composition of the xanthomatous skin and the serum lipid composition. The results obtained with an in vitro culture method showed that the paraprotein present in the patient's serum was synthesized in the bone marrow but not in the normal or pathological skin.
Pediatric patients with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome receiving continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Stuart L. Goldstein, Michael J.G. Somers, Michelle A. Baum, Jordan M. Symons, Patrick D. Brophy, Douglas Blowey, Timothy E. Bunchman, Cheryl Baker, Theresa Mottes, Nancy Mcafee, Joni Barnett, Gloria Morrison, Kristine Rogers, James D. Fortenberry
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Jacqueline (“Jackie”) Vera Watson (née Moorcroft)
Authors: Justin Robbins
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Pioneer of powered prosthetic limbs and fetal heart monitorsDavid Simpson, who was disabled by a war wound, retrained from accountancy to physics to devise solutions for medical problems.In the 1950s, when orthopaedic engineering was in its infancy, he pioneered the design and manufacture of controllable artificial limbs.He designed monitoring
Nicked β2-glycoprotein I binds angiostatin 4.5 (plasminogen kringle 1-5) and attenuates its antiangiogenic property
Authors: Hisako Nakagawa, Shinsuke Yasuda, Eiji Matsuura, Kazuko Kobayashi, Masahiro Ieko, Hiroshi Kataoka, Tetsuya Horita, Tatsuya Atsumi, Takao Koike
Journal: Blood (2009)
When Did <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection First Occur in The New World?: An Important Question with Public Health Implications
Authors: William W. Stead, Kathleen D. Eisenach, M. Donald Cave, Marjorie L. Beggs, Gary L. Templeton, Charles O. Thoen, Joseph H. Bates
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

"When Did Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection First Occur in The New World?: An Important Question with Public Health Implications." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 151(4), pp. 1267–1268
CHEMICAL, CLINICAL, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTS OF HUMAN PLASMA FRACTIONATION. XXXIV. COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ORALLY AND INTRAVENOUSLY ADMINISTERED HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN IN MAN 123
Authors: Richard D. Eckhardt, Jessica H. Lewis, T. Lynch Murphy, William H. Batchelor, Charles S. Davidson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1948)
Acute severe intravascular haemolysis: an unrecognised cause of pancreatitis.
Authors: J F Walker, C J Cronin, J F Donohoe, M Carmody, W F O'Dwyer
Journal: BMJ (1981)

study showed a significant reduction in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure after intramuscular administration of emepronium bromide.In the nine patients who completed the study no significant change in sphincter pressure was found after four weeks' treatment with a standard oral dose of emepronium bromide.This may have been due to the much lower serum concentrations seen after oral medication than after intramuscular injection, confirming the findings of Ritch et al.5A local irritative effect of the tablets is probably the most common cause of oesophageal injury after oral medication, as no decrease in sphincter pressure was shown during oral treatment with emepronium bromide.Since, however, higher plasma concentrations of emepronium bromide decrease the sphincter pressure and the absorption of the drug from the gastrointestinal tract varies considerably, occasional high serum concentrations may be seen.This, combined with an individual variability in parasympathetic receptor sensitivity, might cause the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax, causing more severe cases of reflux oesophagitis in the lower oesophagus.
Abstract LB-262: Targeting T-type calcium channels induces the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and sensitizes glioblastoma cancer cells to radio- and chemotherapy
Authors: Jaroslaw Dziegielewski, Nicholas C. K. Valerie, Barbara Dziegielewska, Amol S. Hosing, Lloyd S. Gray, James M. Larner
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop a novel and effective mechanistic target for sensitizing glioblastoma tumors to anti-cancer therapy. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are primary brain tumors with an exceptional resistance to radio- and chemotherapy and, therefore, have extremely poor prognosis. Conventional treatment consists of aggressive surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy; however in spite of these treatments, the median survival of GBM patients is only 9 to 12 months. T-type channels are a type of voltage-gated calcium channel important for normal cell proliferation and differentiation, but they could be also over-expressed or aberrantly activated in several human cancers, including GBM. In this study we investigate the effects of T-type channel inactivation, either by selective antagonists (mibefradil and TTL1177) or by siRNA-directed knock-down, on GBM cells survival and resistance to therapy in vitro. Our results show that blocking T-type channels not only reversibly arrests cells in G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle but also induces irreversible loss of clonogenic potential and cell death. The execution of cell death is preceded (or coincides) by induction of autophagy, as characterized by LC-3 cleavage and punctuate staining. Furthermore, we also establish that inactivation of T-type channels stimulates the extrinsic pathway of programmed cell death, as evidenced by caspase 8 activation and Bid protein cleavage. Finally, we demonstrate that inactivation of T-type calcium channels sensitizes GBM cells to radio- and chemotherapy. Taken together with the promising outcomes of the in vivo mibefradil plus temozolomide trials, our studies suggest that targeting T-type calcium channels could be a novel and very efficient therapy for glioblastoma brain tumors, either as a single modality or in combination with already established modalities. (This work was financed in part by the University of Virginia Cancer Center Pilot Grant, the Department of Radiation Oncology Pilot Grant and the Department of Chemistry Research Fund) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-262. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-262
Gram-Positive Infections and the Use of Vancomycin in 550 Episodes of Fever and Neutropenia
Authors: Marc Rubin, James W. Hathorn, Doris Marshall, Janet Gress, Seth M. Steinberg, Philip A. Pizzo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To determine the appropriate role for vancomycin in neutropenic patients with cancer. To review the incidence, types, and outcome of gram-positive infections in a series of neutropenic patients with cancer. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Inpatient units of the Medical and Pediatric Oncology Branches of the National Cancer Institute. Patients: Five hundred and fifty consecutive episodes of fever and neutropenia in patients with cancer randomized prospectively on another study to receive either ceftazidime alone or combination antibiotics for initial empirical therapy. Intervention: Intravenous vancomycin (dosage adjusted by serum levels). Measurements and Main Results: Gram-positive organisms were the commonest of the bacterial pathogens isolated (63%). Of the 53 gram-positive organisms accounting for primary infections (isolated at initial presentation), there were 36 staphylococcal isolates (19 coagulase negative and 17 coagulasepositive), 13 streptococcal isolates (8 non-group D and 5 group D), and 4 polymicrobial isolates. Of the 22 secondary gram-positive infections (occurring after institution of initial antibiotics), there were 10 streptococcal isolates (9 group D and 1 non-group D), 7 staphylococcal isolates (6 coagulase-negative and 1 coagulase-positive), and 5 polymicrobial isolates. Vancomycin was used to treat 26 of the 53 primary infections, but was begun only after knowledge of the isolate in 25. Vancomycin was used to treat 17 of the 22 secondary infections, and begun only after knowledge of the isolate in 14. This approach resulted in no treatment failures for the primary infections, and a single microbiological failure for the secondary infections. There was a tendency towards a greater proportion of secondary gram-positive infections in the monotherapy group compared to the combination therapy group (16 of 282 compared with 6 of 268 respectively, P2 = 0.04 by the chi-squared test); but all were treated successfully. Conclusion: Vancomycin need not be included in routine empirical therapy for febrile neutropenic patients, but should be added when clinical or microbiological data suggest the need.
How does it work?: Oscillatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Devices
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Pressure against using mercury in clinical practice is coming from environmentalists, and, in line with other countries in Europe, mercury column devices for measuring blood pressure are likely to be stopped being manufactured soon in Britain.

Aneroid (or clock face) devices which also depend on auscultation are gaining popularity, as are devices which depend on oscillation. Oscillatory devices produce a digital readout and work on the principle that blood flowing …
Allopurinol Improves Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Colin A.J. Farquharson, Robert Butler, Alexander Hill, Jill J.F. Belch, Allan D. Struthers
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Increased oxidative stress in chronic heart failure is thought to contribute to endothelial dysfunction. Xanthine oxidase produces oxidative stress and therefore we examined whether allopurinol improved endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure. Methods and Results — We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study on 11 patients with New York Heart Association class II-III chronic heart failure, comparing 300 mg allopurinol daily (1 month) versus placebo. Endothelial function was assessed by standard forearm venous occlusion plethysmography with acetylcholine, nitroprusside, and verapamil. Plasma malondialdehyde levels were also compared to assess significant changes in oxidative stress. Allopurinol significantly increased the forearm blood flow response to acetylcholine (percentage change in forearm blood flow [mean±SEM]: 181±19% versus 120±22% allopurinol versus placebo; P =0.003). There were no significant differences in the forearm blood flow changes between the placebo and allopurinol treatment arms with regard to sodium nitroprusside or verapamil. Plasma malondialdehyde was significantly reduced with allopurinol treatment (346±128 nmol/L versus 461±101 nmol/L, allopurinol versus placebo; P =0.03), consistent with reduced oxidative stress with allopurinol therapy. Conclusions — We have shown that allopurinol improves endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure. This raises the distinct possibility that allopurinol might reduce cardiovascular events and even improve exercise capacity in chronic heart failure.
Chemical contamination of water supplies.
Authors: C M Shy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Man-made organic chemicals have been found in drinking water for many years. Their numbers and varieties increase as our analytical capabilities improve. The identified chemicals comprise 10 to 20% of the total organic matter present. These are volatile or low molecular weight compounds which are easily identified. Many of them are carcinogenic or mutagenic. Chlorinated compounds have been found in untreated well water at levels up to 21,300 micrograms/L and are generally present at higher levels in chlorine-treated water than in untreated water. Aggregate risk studies for cancer are summarized. The most common sites are: bladder, stomach, colon, and rectum. Such studies cannot be linked to individual cases. However, they are useful for identifying exposed populations for epidemiologic studies. Five case-control studies were reviewed, and significant associations with water quality were found for: bladder cancer in two studies, colon cancer in three and rectal cancer in four. A large study by the National Cancer Institute found that there had been a change in the source of raw water for 50% of the persons in one area between the years 1955 and 1975. Such flaws in the data may preclude finding a causal relation between cancer and contaminants in drinking water. Large case-control and cohort studies are needed because of the low frequency of the marker diseases, bladder and rectal cancer. Cohort studies may be precluded by variations in the kinds of water contaminants. Definitive questions about these issues are posed for cooperative effort and resolution by water chemists, engineers, and epidemiologists.
Examining the Internship-Reply
Authors: Dennis K. Wentz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Davis and Craighill call attention to several important points. We cited the most quoted articles regarding the effects of internship on a young physician's mental health, but note that these were largely retrospective studies. We regret that we did not use the term "spouse," since it is now obvious that women will soon constitute approximately one third of all residents in training. The study that the writers question is our own; we believe it does show that our sample retrospectively exaggerated the degree of emotional stress experienced. This sample was small, due to the voluntary nature of the study, but we do believe that we had a representative group of subjects. Included were interns from medicine, obstetrics-gynecology, pathology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and surgery. Because of our agreement with the department chairmen, we did not report the specific breakdown of data by department. We agree "that interns are the
Specific Temporal Profile of Matrix Metalloproteinase Release Occurs in Patients After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Carson S. Webb, David D. Bonnema, S. Hinan Ahmed, Amy H. Leonardi, Catherine D. McClure, Leslie L. Clark, Robert E. Stroud, William C. Corn, Laura Finklea, Michael R. Zile, Francis G. Spinale
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Changes in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) contribute to left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). We tested the hypothesis that a specific plasma MMP/TIMP profile would emerge after MI and be associated with the degree of LV dilation.LV end-diastolic volume and MMP/TIMP plasma profiles were determined in 53 age-matched control subjects and 32 post-MI patients from day 1 through 180 after MI. LV end-diastolic volume increased by > 38% at day 90 after MI (P < 0.05). MMP-9 increased by > 150% from control at day 1 after MI (P < 0.05) and remained elevated. MMP-8 rose to > 120% at day 3 after MI (P < 0.05) and fell to control values by day 5. TIMP-1 increased by > 60% from control at day 1 after MI (P < 0.05), whereas TIMP-2 increased only at later time points. Cardiac-specific TIMP-4 fell by 40% at day 5 after MI and remained reduced. A persistent or elevated MMP-9 at day 5 was accompanied by a 3-fold end-diastolic volume increase at day 28 (P < 0.05).A specific temporal pattern of MMP/TIMPs occurred in post-MI patients that included an early and robust rise in MMP-9 and MMP-8 and a uniform fall in TIMP-4. These findings suggest that a specific MMP/TIMP plasma profile occurs after MI and holds both prognostic and diagnostic significance.
Glomerular volume and renal histology in obese and non-obese living kidney donors
Authors: D.J. Rea, J.K. Heimbach, J.P. Grande, S.C. Textor, S.J. Taler, M. Prieto, T.S. Larson, F.G. Cosio, M.D. Stegall
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
THE DOUBLE-FILIGREE OPERATION FOR THE RADICAL CURE OF INGUINAL HERNIA, With Notes of Thirty-three Cases; and on Certain Cases of Ventral Hernia Cured by the Implantation of Filigree
Authors: L. McGavin
Journal: BMJ (1909)

a cicatrix resulting from a union by first intention at the end of three weeks,-it must be per£6ctly obvious to most of us that it is simplv courting failure to allow the patient to get about so soon after operation.The new exudate from the lips of the wotnd is barely organized; such fibrous tissue as is formed fronr it is immature and extremely distensible, the sutures a-e not yet-abEorbed, 12537
Drug Abuse: Clinical and Basic Aspects
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This is not a book to be read from beginning to end. It is a reference book and a good one, perhaps the best yet on this much abused subject. Dipping at random brings up pails of information about drugs that people abuse and the people who abuse them, with emphasis on medical complications from street drugs. Mainly for the medical community, the book also deals with sociolegal and educational aspects of drug use as well as research, and can be described as comprehensive. The contributors include such notables (when do they find the time?) as Carl Chambers, Sidney Cohen, Herbert Barry III, William Martin, Robert Moore, Everett Ellinwood, Jared Tinklenberg, Louise Richards, and a dozen or so others who equally qualify as experts. The information is up to date, well edited, erudite enough for the expert and readable enough for any novice who passes over some of the chemistry.
Increased numbers of marrow basophils may be associated with a t(6;9) in ANLL
Authors: Marilyn G. Pearson, James W. Vardiman, Michelle M. Le Beau, Janet D. Rowley, Stuart Schwartz, Shelly L. Kerman, Maimon M. Cohen, Elena W. Fleischman, Elena L. Prigogina
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract We have characterized another subset of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) based on the cytogenetic and morphologic findings in a group of nine patients. Five patients had chromosomal analyses performed at the University of Chicago, two patients were studied at the All‐Union Cancer Research Center in Moscow, and one patient each was studied at the University of Maryland and at Fairfax Hospital in Fairfax, Virginia. All nine patients had a reciprocal translocation involving the short arm of chromosome 6 and the long arm of chromosome 9 [t(6;9)(p23;q34)]. The patients, four males and five females, ranged in age from 5 to 51 years; the median age of 38 years is lower than that typically seen in ANLL. Only two of eight treated patients entered a complete remission. Classification of bone marrow morphology according to FAB Cooperative Group criteria revealed AML‐M1 in one patient, AML‐M2 in four, and AMMoL‐M4 in three. One patient had refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) which evolved to AML‐M2. All bone marrow specimens showed severe myelodysplasia, with Auer rods present in seven of the nine cases. Of note was the particular prominence of bone marrow basophils (greater than 1%) in eight of the nine (89%) patients. Among 160 evaluable patients with ANLL de novo seen at the University of Chicago whose cells lacked a t(6;9), only five (3%) had greater than 1% basophils in the marrow aspirates. It is of interest that the breakpoint in 9q involves the same chromosomal band as that in the t(9;22) observed in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), in which increased basophils are a prominent feature. Thus, the association of the t(6;9) with increased bone marrow basophils in ANLL may provide additional insight into the chromosomal location of genes regulating the production and/or maturation of basophils.
Cutaneous biometrics I. The response of human skin to dimethyl sulphoxide
Authors: PETER J. FROSCH, SUSAN DUNCAN, ALBERT M. KLIGMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

The wealing response of human skin to dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) has been quantified. Concentrations of 90%, 95% and 100% were applied for 5 min circular areas 8 min in diameter. Wealing was scored on a five-point scale after 10 min. Marked individual variations were found. Wealing was strongly influenced by body region and was dose-dependent. The intensity of the reaction paralleled that to other irritants and was dependent mainly on thickness and integrity of the horny layer. The DMSO test is a simple, quick way to assess the barrier function of the stratum corneum.