tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of computer-generated (virtual reality) graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia
Authors: B O Rothbaum, L F Hodges, R Kooper, D Opdyke, J S Williford, M North
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors' goal was to examine the efficacy of computer-generated (virtual reality) graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia (fear of heights).Twenty college students with acrophobia were randomly assigned to virtual reality graded exposure treatment (N = 12) or to a waiting-list comparison group (N = 8). Seventeen students completed the study. Sessions were conducted individually over 8 weeks. Outcome was assessed by using measures of anxiety, avoidance, attitudes, and distress associated with exposure to heights before and after treatment.Significant differences between the students who completed the virtual reality treatment (N = 10) and those on the waiting list (N = 7) were found on all measures. The treatment group was significantly improved after 8 weeks, but the comparison group was unchanged.The authors conclude that treatment with virtual reality graded exposure was successful in reducing fear of heights.
HHV-8 is associated with a plasmablastic variant of Castleman disease that is linked to HHV-8–positive plasmablastic lymphoma
Authors: Nicolas Dupin, Tim L. Diss, Paul Kellam, Micheline Tulliez, Ming-Qing Du, Didier Sicard, Robin A. Weiss, Peter G. Isaacson, Chris Boshoff
Journal: Blood (2000)
Extrahepatic Anomalies in Infants With Biliary Atresia: Results of a Large Prospective North American Multicenter Study
Authors: Kathleen B. Schwarz, Barbara H. Haber, Philip Rosenthal, Cara L. Mack, Jeffrey Moore, Kevin Bove, Jorge A. Bezerra, Saul J. Karpen, Nanda Kerkar, Benjamin L. Shneider, Yumirle P. Turmelle, Peter F. Whitington, Jean P. Molleston, Karen F. Murray, Vicky L. Ng, René Romero, Kasper S. Wang, Ronald J. Sokol, John C. Magee
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The etiology of biliary atresia (BA) is unknown. Given that patterns of anomalies might provide etiopathogenetic clues, we used data from the North American Childhood Liver Disease Research and Education Network to analyze patterns of anomalies in infants with BA. In all, 289 infants who were enrolled in the prospective database prior to surgery at any of 15 participating centers were evaluated. Group 1 was nonsyndromic, isolated BA (without major malformations) (n = 242, 84%), Group 2 was BA and at least one malformation considered major as defined by the National Birth Defects Prevention Study but without laterality defects (n = 17, 6%). Group 3 was syndromic, with laterality defects (n = 30, 10%). In the population as a whole, anomalies (either major or minor) were most prevalent in the cardiovascular (16%) and gastrointestinal (14%) systems. Group 3 patients accounted for the majority of subjects with cardiac, gastrointestinal, and splenic anomalies. Group 2 subjects also frequently displayed cardiovascular (71%) and gastrointestinal (24%) anomalies; interestingly, this group had genitourinary anomalies more frequently (47%) compared to Group 3 subjects (10%).
Abstract 16205: Validation Study of the Quantified Frequency Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis for the Detection of Erythrocyte-Rich Thrombus
Authors: Yoshitaka Shiratori, Masato Watanabe, Nobuaki Suzuki, Shuichi Ishikawa, Yusuke Watanabe, Hiroyuki Kyono, Fukuo Kondo, Toshio Fukusato, Ken Kozuma, Takaaki Isshiki
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT) can evaluate erythrocyte-rich thrombus, containing more inflammatory cells and reflect high thrombus burden, leading to impaired myocardial reperfusion in myocardial infarction patients. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to validate the quantified FDOCT signal analysis in evaluating the erythrocyte-rich thrombus with ex-vivo materials. Methods: We evaluated 55 specimens of coronary artery thrombus obtained by thrombectomy from 9 patients with acute coronary syndrome. The thrombi were immersed in saline immediately after the thrombectomy and FDOCT image acquisition was performed. Quantitative FDOCT analysis for all contiguous frames was performed by the dedicated automated software (OCT system software, Light Lab Inc.). In each sample, signal intensity and normalized standard deviation of signal (NSD) were evaluated quantitatively for a frame showing the biggest thrombus area. All thrombi were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and the cellular component of erythrocyte were stained using monoclonal antibodies against a protein specific to erythrocyte membranes (glycophorin-A). Computer-assisted analysis was performed using dedicated software (WinROOF, Mitani Corp., Tokyo, Japan) for color identification of the erythrocyte area. Results: Erythrocyte-rich thrombus (n=26), defined as %erythrocyte area (erythrocyte area/total area X100)≧67%, showed higher [NSD / mean signal intensity X100] than white thrombus (n=21), defined as %erythrocyte area&lt;33% (4.14±0.67 vs. 3.62±0.73, p=0.016). The optimal cut-off point of [NSD/mean signal intensity X100] for prediction of erythrocyte-rich thrombus was 4.20 (sensitivity: 50.0%, specificity: 81.9%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.67, respectively). Conclusions: This study showed the utility of quantified FDOCT signal analysis on the evaluation of erythrocyte-rich thrombus.
Chloride Uptake by Brush Border Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Rabbit Renal Cortex
Authors: David G. Warnock, Victoria J. Yee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Brush border membrane vesicles were isolated from rabbit renal cortex by Mg(++)-precipitation and differential centrifugation. (36)Cl(-) and [(3)H]glucose uptakes were simultaneously determined by a rapid filtration technique. Lysis of the vesicles with distilled water abolished 90-95% of the radioactivity on the filters, suggesting that nearly all of the (36)Cl(-) and [(3)H]glucose counts represented uptake into an osmotically reactive intravesicular space. Inwardly directed K(+) gradients plus valinomycin stimulated (36)Cl(-) uptake, demonstrating a conductive pathway for chloride uptake into brush-border membrane vesicles. (36)Cl(-) uptake could also be stimulated by inwardly directed proton gradients (pH(outside) < pH(inside)). This effect was seen in the absence of sodium, as well as in the presence of valinomycin when the vesicles had equal K(+) concentrations inside and out. An "overshoot" phenomenon was observed when external (36)Cl(-) was 2 mM and the external pH was lowered from 7.5 to 6.0 or to 4.5. The effect of the proton gradient was presumed to be different from the conductive mechanism because (a) the stimulation of (36)Cl(-) uptake by inwardly directed K(+) diffusion potentials was additive to the proton gradient effect, and (b) competition studies revealed statistically significant effects of thiocyanate on the conductive pathway, but not on the proton-driven pathway.HCl cotransport or anion exchange are electrically neutral mechanisms which could couple (36)Cl(-) uptake to inwardly-directed proton gradients in a brush border membrane vesicle. If both electrically neutral and conductive path ways for chloride transport are present in the luminal membrane of the proximal tubule, then the mechanism as well as the direction of net chloride transport will be influenced by the nature of the accompanying cation transport process.
Nucleic Acid Metabolism in Regenerating Rat Liver
Authors: Liselotte I. Hecht, Van R. Potter
Journal: Cancer Research (1956)

The experiments described demonstrated that in the young, growing rat orotic acid-6-C14 was converted to DNA pyrimidines for 24 hours following the initial injection, and the radioactivity was retained in the DNA during the next 7 weeks, a period during which the liver weight increased about threefold.

Partial hepatectomy 40 or 46 days after administration of orotic acid-6-C14 to the young rats resulted in essentially no change in the radioactivity content of the DNA during a 5- or 21-day period of liver regeneration in 3 out of 4 animals. These data support the proposed concept of the relatively high biochemical stability of DNA and show that this is true in tissues with widely varying rates of mitotic activity.

When partial hepatectomy was performed on growing or adult rats at sufficiently short intervals after administration of orotic acid-6-C14, a radioactive intermediate was mobilized which served as a precursor pool from which labeled DNA pyrimidine nucleotides were synthesized. After the initial lag period which followed the operation, an increase in the C14 content of the DNA was observed. The radioactivity level in the acid-soluble fraction and in the nuclear RNA fraction decreased extensively during the first 13-hour interval, but during the period of DNA synthesis the C14 content of these fractions remained constant. The total radioactivity in the cytoplasmic RNA fraction was more than adequate to account for the maintenance of the radioactivity in the acid-soluble fraction, which presumably provides the immediate precursors for the synthesis of DNA and RNA.
The prognostic value of the tumor shrinkage rate for progression-free survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving gefitinib
Authors: Dong Il Park, Sun Young Kim, Ju Ock Kim, Sung Soo Jung, Hee Sun Park, Jae Young Moon, Chae Uk Chung, Jeong Eun Lee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: We evaluated the prognostic value of tumor shrinkage rate (TSR) for PFS in patients with NSCLC receiving gefitinib treatment.  Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 85 patients with NSCLC who achieved a stable disease or better response at the first evaluation of treatment response after receiving a 2-month course of gefitinib. We calculated TSR by measuring the longest and perpendicular diameter of the main mass on CT before and after gefitinib therapy.  Results: There was a significant positive correlation between the TSR and PFS (R=0.373, p=0.010).  In addition, a simple linear regression analysis showed that the TSR might be an indicator for the PFS (β±SE (standard error) 244.54±66.79, p=0.001). On multivariate regression analysis, both the TSR (β±SE 158.38±0.98, p=0.029) and adenocarcinoma (β±SE 135.37±47.07, p=0.005) were independent prognostic factors for PFS.  Conclusion: Our results showed that the TSR might be an early prognostic indicator for PFS in patients receiving EGFR-TKI therapy.
Hypoxia impairs anti-viral activity of natural killer (NK) cells but has little effect on anti-fibrotic NK cell functions in hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Franziska Wolter, Andreas Glässner, Benjamin Krämer, Pavlos Kokordelis, Claudia Finnemann, Dominik J. Kaczmarek, Felix Goeser, Philipp Lutz, Hans Dieter Nischalke, Christian P. Strassburg, Ulrich Spengler, Jacob Nattermann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Synchronized low-dose paclitaxel with timed thoracic radiotherapy (RT) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) with gemcitabine and carboplatin in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Results of LJCC 07-01 phase II trial.
Authors: J. Zhang, H. Gay, S. M. Russo, T. Parent, P. R. Walker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e17507 Background: Synchronizing low-dose paclitaxel with timed daily RT achieves remarkable local tumor response by inducing maximum radio sensitization through G2-M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells (Chen et al Clin Can Res 9:963-975, 2003). LJCC 0701 is a single institutional phase II trial based upon timed chemoradiation (CRT) approach for definitive local treatment followed by full-dosing adjuvant CT in non-surgical stage III NSCLC. Methods: Patients with non-surgical stage III NSCLC and PS 0-2 were eligible. Paclitaxel 15mg/m2 IV over 1 hour at 8am on M-W-F with 5500cGy thoracic RT delivered at 4pm M-W-F and 8am T-Th over 5 weeks. Adjuvant carboplatin (AUC 5) day 1 and gemcitabine 1,000mg/m2 IV days 1 and 8, q21d for 4 cycles. Primary end point overall response rate (ORR); secondary end points progression-free survival (PFS) and toxicities. Results: 24 eligible patients were accrued between 05/09/07 to 11/16/09. Patient characteristics: male 71%; median age 65 (39-82) with 42% > 70; 29% African-Americans. 23 patients evaluable for treatment response (1 patient awaiting reevaluation). ORR 61% (95% CI 0.39-0.80) with disease control rate 88%; 4 CR, 10 PR, 6SD, 1PD. 2 patients died early without reevaluation, one with hemoptysis after CRT and one with sepsis during CT. 14/24 (58%) patients still alive, 29% past the one year mark, with median follow-up 42 weeks and median PFS 49 weeks. All patients evaluable for toxicities. No grade 3/4 toxicities during CRT. During CT, grade 3/4 toxicities neutropenia (13%), anemia (22%), thrombocytopenia (22%), radiation esophagitis (22%), and radiation pneumonitis (17%) which limited the delivered CT to mean 2.7cycles. Pulmonary embolism occurred in 2 patients. Conclusions: Synchronized low dose paclitaxel with timed thoracic RTfollowed by full-dosing adjuvant CT has effectiveness similar to higher CRT dosing approaches with no undue toxicities in this unfavorable nonsurgical stage III NSCLC population. Gemcitabine radiation recall and hematologic toxicity was notable. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Immunoglobulins on the surface of lymphocytes
Authors: Howard M. Grey, Enrique Rabellino, Bernard Pirofsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The distribution of peripheral blood lymphocytes that contain surface Ig has been studied by means of immunofluorescence in humans. Normal individuals, individuals with sex-linked and acquired agammaglobulinemia, selective IgA deficiency, cellular immune deficiencies, and individuals with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) were studied. Approximately 28% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals contained surface Ig. On an average 15% contained IgG, 6%, IgA, and 8%, IgM; and the kappa: lambda ratio was 2:1. Lymphocytes from patients with CLL appeared to be "monoclonal" in that the cells from a given individual had a single Ig associated with them (e.g., kappa IgM). In three-quarters of the cases the H chain class was IgM; in the remaining one-quarter no H chain could be detected on the cell surface. The L chain class was kappa in 12 cases and lambda in 8. Four patients with sex-linked agammaglobulinemia and one with "acquired" agammaglobulinemia had markedly decreased numbers of cells with surface Ig (0-4%). In contrast, the three patients with selective IgA deficiency and no detectable serum IgA contained normal numbers of cells (6-8%) with surface IgA. Five patients with cellular deficiency states, including two with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, contained a normal or low percentage of cells with surface Ig.
Tumors of the notochord of the salamander, Amblystoma punctatum, produced by crystalline Lathyrus factor.
Authors: Barnet M. Levy, Gabriel C. Godman
Journal: Cancer Research (1955)

Amblystoma punctatum embryos reared in a 1 mg. per cent aqueous solution of the crystals of Lathyrus odorata developed tumors of the notochord. The histologic appearance of these tumors is described. Two possible mechanisms of pathogenesis of these lesions are discussed. The suggestion is made that these tumors arise as a consequence either of a focal degeneration of the notochord sheath, leading to secondary proliferative ecchordoses or prolapses, or of a direct stimulation to proliferation of the notochordal cells.
Abstract 4822: Lack of expression of FOXO3 correlates with poor prognosis on uterine sarcomas
Authors: Thais G. Almeida, Natalia Garcia, Isabela W. Cunha, Glauco Baiocchi, Fernando A. Soares, Gustavo A. Maciel, Edmund C. Baracat, Katia C. Carvalho
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Uterine sarcomas are rare mesodermic tumors that represent approximately 3% of all uterine cancers. They display histological diversity and aggressive behavior, with early dissemination and high mortality when compared with epithelial tumors. Due to their diversity and rarity, there is no consensus related to risk factors for poor prognostic and appropriated treatment. The knowledge of the gene expression regulation can contribute to a better understanding of these neoplasms. Recently it was demonstrated an essential role for the forkhead transcription factor FOXO3 in the regulation of diverse cellular functions and tumors development. Our aim was to study the expression profile of the transcription factor FOXO3 in several histological types of uterine sarcoma. Method: we evaluated 100 samples of uterine sarcomas (including leiomyosarcomas, carcinosarcomas, adenosarcomas and endometrial stromal sarcomas), leiomyomas and myometrium obtained from patients during the period of 2000 to 2012. FOXO3 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative Real Time PCR. The results were submitted to statistical analyses together with patient's data. Results: We observed that carcinosarcomas (CSS) and adenosarcomas (ADS) showed the highest FOXO3 protein signal, considering exclusively the mesenchymal component. Concerning to muscular tumors (leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma), we found an increasing enhancement of this protein expression from the myometrium to myoma and leiomiosarcoma, both in protein and transcriptional levels. Statistical analysis showed that tumors with weak or lack of FOXO3 protein present poor prognosis, regardless of their histological type. Conclusion: FOXO3 protein expression seems to be a relevant role in uterine sarcomas, however further analyses are needed. Citation Format: Thais G. Almeida, Natalia Garcia, Isabela W. Cunha, Glauco Baiocchi, Fernando A. Soares, Gustavo A. Maciel, Edmund C. Baracat, Katia C. Carvalho. Lack of expression of FOXO3 correlates with poor prognosis on uterine sarcomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4822. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4822
Abstract 17874: Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia with Less Invasive Cardiopulmonary Bypass Hypothermia for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Hideki Arimoto, Teruyuki Ikehara, Hiroshi Rinka, Toshinori Miyaichi, Akihiro Fuke, Takaya Morooka, Junichi Ishikawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Mild therapeutic hypothermia has been integrated into management strategies for improving the neurological outcome of cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation. We introduce our rapid and safe hypothermia procedure with Modified Invasive Cardiopulmonary bypass Hypothermia (LICH) for Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these new procedures on the outcomes of cardiac arrest patients. Methods: From January 2007 to May 2011, 47 patients were treated with mild hypothermia. These patients were divided into LICH procedure (Group L, N=23) and traditional cold blanket procedure (Group C, N=24) groups. The LICH procedure was indicated for unconscious ROSC patients under 75 years of age with a witness OHCA, and excluded with brain hemorrhage, traumatic cardiac arrest, and any risk of bleeding. Our LICH procedure quickly induced hypothermia via narrow pediatric cannulas on low-perfusion (1 l/min) artery-venous cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with minimal anticoagulation. Activated coagulation time (ACT) was set at 150 seconds for the Group L. Any complications, time to target temperature, temperature stability, cytokines and neurological outcomes were compared. A favorable outcome was defined as a Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) of 1-2. Results: There were no significant characteristic differences between groups L and C. As compared with Group L, Group C had higher rates of temperature instability (9% vs. 50%, p=0.021), temperature over-shoot (0% vs. 54%, p=0.001), and quick induction (11 min vs. 307 min, p=0.003). Mortality and serum cytokines level (ΔIL-6, ΔTNF-A) were not seen significant differences in both groups. Addition, a favorable neurological outcome (91% vs. 58%, p=0.017) were seen in Group L. Conclusions: These results indicate that our LICH procedure has the advantages of not only rapid induction for the target temperature, but also less invasive therapy for ROSC patient instead of CPB. In addition, quick induction of mild hypothermia is a great benefit for favorable outcomes.
Clinical outcome in relation to care in centres specialising in cystic fibrosis
Authors: D. Spencer, D Bilton
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Suboptimal ward care of critically ill patients Suboptimal care should have been definedEditor-McQuillan et al show that most patients receive suboptimal management of oxygen therapy, airway, breathing, circulation, and monitoring before admission to intensive care. 1 In an area of medicine renowned for objective measurement it is surprising that this study should rely on the subjective opinions of two assessors about what constituted suboptimal care.Understandably, their opinions often disagreed.The authors accept that there are difficulties in relying on assessors' opinions, but we must not underestimate these limitations.The assessors knew the outcomes of the patients, which must have biased their opinions, particularly since suboptimal care is not defined.How suboptimal care was defined is crucial to the paper's message, and more information about the data evaluated by the assessors would have been preferable to the lengthy discussion, much of which was not directly related to the data.Unfortunately, many of the data are self fulfilling.It is unsurprising that the suboptimally managed group scored badly on oxygen therapy and airway, breathing, and circulation and that 67% of this group were late admissions to intensive care since these were presumably the factors used to determine suboptimal management.Nevertheless, a key message is that most of the well managed patients were admitted to intensive care units within the first day of admission, with presumably some going straight from accident and emergency.These acutely ill patients are perhaps more easily identifiable as going to need intensive care.Conversely, those patients who arrived at hospital less ill and who deteriorated while on general wards were those who received suboptimal care.There was a longer time between admission to hospital and admission to intensive care in these patients.We are not told if any of the admissions to intensive care were delayed because of lack of beds.Although there is no excuse for suboptimal care, sometimes admission to intensive care is requested because a ward with overstretched nursing staff and no high dependency beds recognises that it is unable to provide optimal care for an acutely ill patient.
Abstract 4538: Poor Response to Aspirin in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease Enrolled in the Effect of Lipid Modification on Peripheral Arterial Disease after Endovascular Intervention Trial (ELIMIT)
Authors: Vijay Nambi, Angela Bergeron, Anish Rawat, Shawna Johnson, Peter Lin, Kay Kimball, Alan Lumsden, Joel Morrisett, Changyi Chen, Christie Ballantyne, Jing-fei Dong
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Increased platelet aggregation and variable response to aspirin (ASA) have been reported in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We examined the prevalence of poor response ...
L-5-hydroxytryptophan for LSD-induced psychosis
Authors: H D Abraham
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The serotonin precursor L-5-hydroxytryptophan reversed the symptoms of a 23-year-old man suffering from LSD-induced psychosis who participated in a randomized, double-blind crossover study of the drug and a placebo. This finding is compatible with the speculation that some LSD-induced psychotic disorders may be caused by a relative deficiency of CNS serotonin.