tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Site of ROS production by mitochondria of skeletal muscle of patients with COPD
Authors: Luis Puente-Maestu, Javier de Miguel, Luis Άlvarez-Sala, Alberto Tejedor, Alberto Lázaro, Elena Ojeda, Teresa Gόmez, Alvar Agustí
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Rationale:  Exercise-induced oxidative stress is well documented in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).   Objective:  To study the specific site(s) of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the  Vastus Lateralis  (VL) of COPD patients.   Methods:  VL biopsies were obtained during lung cancer surgery in 11 COPD (67±7 yrs; FEV 1  = 54.1±12pp) and 10 controls (66±10 yrs; FEV 1  = 92±13pp). Mitochondrial respiration (V9O 2 m) and ROS output before and after inhibition with rotenone (complex-I), malonate (complex-II) and antimycin-A (complex-III) were determined in mitochondria and submitochondrial fragments.   Results:  V9O 2 m were 2.8±0.7 vs 2.7±0.5 mmol min -1  kg -1  (n.s) and respiratory control rate 7.2±1.5 vs 6.1±1.5; p=0.097 (controls/COPD). H 2 O 2  outputs by mitochondria oxidizing complex-I substrates were 51±6 and 150±35 pmol h -1  mg -1  (p 2 m. While antimycin-A greatly increased (×7) H 2 O 2  output both in mitochondria and submitochondrial particles in both groups, rotenone only did it in submitochondrial particles. In mitochondria it instead decreased H 2 O 2  output as it did malonate, both upstream blockers of the electron flux to complex-III.   Conclusions:  Only the ROS generated at complex-III are secreted by the mitochondria. We interpret that this is due to the spatial orientation of complex-I (towards the matrix) and III towards de intermembrane space), being in the first case largely neutralized by the antioxidant system of the mitochondrial matrix.
Adjuvant chemotherapy following surgical resection for small-cell carcinoma of the lung.
Authors: F A Shepherd, W K Evans, R Feld, V Young, G A Patterson, R Ginsberg, E Johansen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Surgery alone is inadequate therapy for limited small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), resulting in less than 5% long-term survival. Since 1976, we treated patients undergoing surgery for SCLC with adjuvant chemotherapy in an attempt to prolong survival and increase cure. Seventy-seven patients who underwent surgery as their primary treatment were identified, and of these 63 (46 male and 17 female) received chemotherapy. Fifteen patients had a pneumonectomy, 46 a lobectomy, and two had wedge resections. Six patients had positive microscopic resection margins. Pathologic staging showed tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) involvement as follows: T1N0, eight; T2N0, ten; T1N1, six; T2N1, 18; T1N2, five; T2N2, nine; T3N0, three; T3N1, one; and T3N2, three. All patients received cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicion; Adria Laboratories, Mississauga, Ontario), and vincristine; four also received etoposide (VP-16) and cisplatin, one VP-16, and four methotrexate, procarbazine, and lomustine (CCNU). Forty-nine patients received prophylactic cranial irradiation, and 35 received radiotherapy to the mediastinum and primary site. The overall median survival of the 63 patients is 83 weeks, and the projected 5-year survival is 31%. Patients with T1 or T2 tumors without nodal involvement had a median survival of 191 weeks, and projected 5-year survival of 48%. Stage II (T1N1, T2N1) and stage III (any T3 or T1-2N2) patients had median survivals of 72 weeks and 65 weeks, and projected 5-year survivals of 24.5% and 24%, respectively. Thirty-three patients have relapsed and died of disease. Only two patients had an isolated relapse at the primary site. Seven other patients have died without recurrent disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery results in prolonged survival and cure for a significant number of patients with stage I SCLC, although nodal involvement at any level is associated with shorter survival.
Imaging via LA-ICP-MS: assessing cancer biomarkers
Authors: Cliff Murray, Josephine Bunch, Jaume Seuma, Alan Cox, Jackie Rodgers, Cameron McLeod
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A68   Immunohistochemical procedures are in widespread use to reveal the presence of protein biomarkers implicated in cancer, allowing localization and, arguably, quantitation. Current strategies for imaging tissue sections are based on chromogenic or fluorogenic measurement, both of which approaches have strengths and weaknesses. Mass spectroscopy provides a powerful alternative strategy for mapping protein distribution in tissue sections. MALDI-MS can map proteins and small molecules directly, while LA-ICP-MS can be used to map protein distribution provided the protein, or an antibody directed against the protein, is suitably labeled with, for example a rare earth element or colloidal gold. This study presents data from experiments to compare immunohistochemistry (IHC) with LA-ICP-MS analysis using immunogold staining. Five micron sections of formalin-fixed breast cancers and normal breast specimens were immunostained for expression of a nuclear (PCNA) antigen and a membrane-associated antigen (EMA) using the immunogold method. Some samples were further treated with silver solution to enhance detection of antigen. The same sections were imaged by light microscopy and then by LA-ICP-MS for gold and silver. The results demonstrate that while LA-ICP-MS can detect a wider dynamic range of marker expression than conventional IHC, currently spatial resolution is much lower. However; with its clear potential for multiplexing, LA-ICP-MS represents a powerful technology for extracting biomarker information from tissue sections. Eventually, mass spectrometry is likely to supersede IHC as a preferred protein imaging technique.
Higher mortality for weekend admissions: quality of care or selection bias?
Authors: Chi Chiu Leung, Lai Bun Tai, Irene Yip, Cheuk Ming Tam
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

We read the article by Suissa et al. [1] with great interest. The authors retrospectively looked at all hospitalisations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation or pneumonia during the period 1990–2007 from the healthcare databases of Quebec, Canada, and found higher mortality for weekend, but not Friday, admissions, relative to Monday–Thursday admissions. Similar weekend effects were observed for multiple medical conditions across different settings [2–4]. The increased mortality for weekend acute admissions is often attributed to lower quality of care during the weekend even though it could be equally plausible that sicker people came into hospital at weekends [2]. The rhythm of human activity across the week might impact the observed increase in weekend hospital mortality <http://ow.ly/KQm2g>
Prevention of graft-versus-host disease by selective depletion of CD6-positive T lymphocytes from donor bone marrow.
Authors: R J Soiffer, C Murray, P Mauch, K C Anderson, A S Freedman, S N Rabinowe, T Takvorian, M J Robertson, N Spector, R Gonin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) continues to be the major causes of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In this study, we have evaluated the clinical effects of selective in vitro T-cell depletion of donor allogeneic bone marrow by using a single monoclonal antibody ([MoAb] anti-T12, CD6) and rabbit complement. This antibody recognizes mature T cells, but not other cellular elements such as natural-killer (NK) cells, B cells, and myeloid precursors. PATIENTS AND METHODS From August 1983 to April 1991, 112 consecutive adult patients with hematologic malignancies underwent BMT with bone marrow from HLA-identical sibling donors. Marrow was harvested and depleted of mature T lymphocytes ex vivo by the use of three rounds of incubation with an anti-T12 antibody and rabbit complement. The preparative regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide and fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) in 108 patients. No patients received prophylactic immune suppression post-BMT. Purgation by anti-T12 was used as the only method for the prevention of GVHD. RESULTS Twenty patients (18%) developed acute GVHD (grade 2 to 4); only eight patients developed chronic GVHD. The incidence of GVHD did not increase significantly with age. Only three of 112 patients (2.7%) exhibited acute graft failure. One patient developed late graft failure that was associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Within the subset of 50 patients who had not previously undergone unsuccessful conventional therapy (acute leukemia in first remission or chronic myelogenous leukemia [CML] in stable phase), we estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method that the probability of disease-free survival was 50% at 3 years post-BMT, with a median follow-up of 44 months. The treatment-related mortality rate in this group was only 14% and was independent of patient age. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that selective in vitro T-cell depletion with an anti-T12 monoclonal antibody effectively reduces the incidence of both acute and chronic GVHD after allogeneic BMT without compromising engraftment. Moreover, depletion of CD6-positive cells from donor marrow obviates the need to administer immune suppressive medications to the majority of patients. This approach reduces the morbidity and mortality of allogeneic BMT and permits the BMT of older patients.
Cystic echinococcosis in the human population of a western Romanian county, 2004–2010
Authors: C.L. Calma, A.M. Neghina, B. Vlaicu, R. Neghina
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)

This report aims to assess the epidemiological characteristics of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in the largest Romanian county (Timis County). Our study group included 182 patients diagnosed with this condition during 2004-2010. The yearly detection rate of new cases was 3.8 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. People over 40 years old accounted for 52.7% of cases. The incidence was higher in women and in rural inhabitants. No statistically significant decline in the number and incidence of CE cases was observed throughout the study period (R(2) = 0.24, p 0.3). Consequently, more efficient implementation of correct public health measures is required to fully prevent and eradicate CE in this region.
Genome-wide mapping of promoter-anchored interactions with close to single-enhancer resolution
Authors: Pelin Sahlén, Ilgar Abdullayev, Daniel Ramsköld, Liudmila Matskova, Nemanja Rilakovic, Britta Lötstedt, Thomas J. Albert, Joakim Lundeberg, Rickard Sandberg
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

Although the locations of promoters and enhancers have been identified in several cell types, we still have limited information on their connectivity. We developed HiCap, which combines a 4-cutter restriction enzyme Hi-C with sequence capture of promoter regions. Applying the method to mouse embryonic stem cells, we identified promoter-anchored interactions involving 15,905 promoters and 71,984 distal regions. The distal regions were enriched for enhancer marks and transcription, and had a mean fragment size of only 699 bp--close to single-enhancer resolution. High-resolution maps of promoter-anchored interactions with HiCap will be important for detailed characterizations of chromatin interaction landscapes.
Auto report of a complete PSG, will be credible your result?
Authors: Dina Grencho, Susana Moreira, Claudia Pereira, Richard Staats, Dina Fernandes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction:In the last years have seen the development of systems to record polysomnography(PSG)with the ability to self-diagnose.The application of the international rules for the manual scoring is lengthy, expensive and are subject to inter-and intra-operator variability.However, it is the knowledge of sleep labs professionals these systems have many flaws and that the result has little credibility.  Aim:Compare manual and automatic analysis of neurological and respiratory variables obtained through the program Alice5,Respironics Philips.  Methods:The study included 34individuals with suspected sleep-disordered breathing and performed a conventional PSG in our sleep laboratory. Each record was subjected to two analyzes:1-Automatic analysis of Alice5 (PSG);2-manual PSG Scoring according to the criteria of AASM. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.  Results: It was found that significant differences between the two scorings. With exception of REM sleep all mean sleep stages values and mean the arousal index were statistically significant.It appears that the alorythm of Alice has an excellent sensitivity to recognize REM sleep, however overestimates the fast rhythms leading to an unlikely increase in N1 sleep.  Conclusions/Discussion:The” Alice 5” program showed serious different results in the staging of sleep and respiratory events. Taking into account the experience of the scorer it seems more likely that the automatic scoring algorithm is not yet sufficient to reach results of the human eye. A therapeutic decision based on the automatic computed results appears questionable.
Lung function in different ethnic groups in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD)
Authors: Rajesh Srikantaiah, Maya Desai, Jane Clarke, Satish Rao, Priti Kenia
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Few studies describe the progression of lung function (LF) in children with PCD but little is known about the evolution in different ethnic groups.  Aims and objectives: We investigated whether any differences existed in LF in children with PCD from different ethnic backgrounds.  Methods: This is an observational, single-tertiary-centre study describing the progression of FEV 1 , FVC, and MMEF 25-75  over a period of 9 years in children with PCD. Data was collected from a database and patient records. Lung function was described as increasing, stable or decreasing based on 10% change over time.  Results: 15 boys and 8 girls- 8 Caucasians (C) and 15 Asians/Africans (A) with PCD were followed up. Out of 18 children who could perform LF, 2 Asian siblings with ciliary aplasia were excluded. 95 LF measurements (39 C / 56 A) were reliably evaluated from age seven. The baseline mean (range) FEV 1  % predicted was higher in C-group at 116 (112-120) than in the A-group 72 (64-100) at age 7. By 14 years, this dropped more than 10% in the C-group [78 (60-95)] and was lower but remained steady in the A-group [74 (64-78)]. FVC followed a similar trend. The MMEF 25-75  values dropped steadily to about 50% in both groups by 14 years.  Conclusions: Our study suggests differences in the progression of lung function between ethnic groups in children with PCD. The small airways function steadily declines in all patients. By adolescence lung function is comparable across the ethnic groups. Larger prospective study is needed to evaluate whether these differences are related to any genetic, environmental or cultural factors.
Spurious precision: procedural validity of diagnostic assessment in psychotic disorders
Authors: Patrick D. McGorry, Cathrine Mihalopoulos, Lisa Henry, Jenepher Dakis, Henry J. Jackson, Michael Flaum, Susan Harrigan, Dean McKenzie, Jayashri Kulkarni, Robert Karoly
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

Very few studies have quantified the level of agreement among alternative diagnostic procedures that use a common set of fixed operational criteria. The authors examined the procedural validity of four independent methods of assigning DSM-III-R diagnoses of psychotic disorders.The research was conducted as a satellite study to the DSM-IV Field Trial for Schizophrenia and Related Psychotic Disorders. The setting was the National Health and Medical Research Council Schizophrenia Research Unit's Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre, which focuses on first-episode psychosis. Consecutively admitted patients (N = 50) were assessed by independent raters who used four different procedures to determine a DSM-III-R diagnosis. These procedures were 1) the diagnostic instrument developed for the DSM-IV field trial, 2) the Royal Park Multidiagnostic Instrument for Psychosis, 3) the Munich Diagnostic Checklists, and 4) a consensus DSM-III-R diagnosis assigned by a team of clinician researchers who were expert in the use of diagnostic criteria.Concordance between pairs of diagnostic procedures was only moderate. Corresponding levels of percent agreement, however, ranged from 66% to 76%, with converse misclassification rates of 24%-34% (assuming one procedure to be "correct").These findings have significant research and clinical implications. Despite the introduction of operationally defined diagnoses, there remained an appreciable level of differential classification or misclassification arising from variability in the method of assigning the diagnostic criteria rather than the criteria themselves. Such misclassification may impede neurobiological research and have harmful clinical effects on patients with first-episode psychosis.
Comparision of the original and simplified pulmonary embolism severity index according to predictive value for mortality and morbidity
Authors: Yavuz Havlucu, Cemile Cetinkaya, Pinar Celik, Aysin Sakar Coskun, Tugba Goktalay, Arzu Yorgancioglu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index(PESI) that is simple and practical has been shown to be successful risk stratification tool for patients with pulmonary embolism (PE).Also simplified PESI can be used for this purpose. We aimed to investigate the power of simplified PESI to estimate the prognosis of patients with PE.  A retrospective cohort study,patients with acute PE hospitalized at Celal Bayar University Chest Disease Clinic between July 2008-January 2013 were included.PESI scores and simplified PESI scores,complication due to treatment,presence of mortality(hospital,30and 90 day),and reason of mortality were recorded.  190 patient were included study.There were 96 male(50,5%) and mean age was 61,9±16,4 years.43(22,6%) were assigned to PESI class 1,39(20,5%)to PESI class 2, 30(15,8%)to PESI class 3,30(15,8%)to PESI class 4,and 48(25,3%)to PESI class 5.According to simplified PESI, 52 patients(27,4%) were assigned to low risk, 138 (72,6%)to high risk group. Also classification according to clinical and laboratory findings, 30 patients(15,8%) were massive, 92 (48,4%) were submassive, and 68 (35,8%) were nonmassive.When these 3 classification, PESI and simplified PESI were useful to predict the complication due to treatment(p  Simplified PESI score was found as effective as original PESI score to predict the complication due to treatment and hospital,30,and 90-day mortality although classification according to clinical and laboratory findings was not useful.Simplified PESI can be used to predict the short term prognosis of patients with PE.
Cardiovascular Care Facts
Authors: Frederick A. Masoudi, Angelo Ponirakis, Robert W. Yeh, Thomas M. Maddox, Jim Beachy, Paul N. Casale, Jeptha P. Curtis, James De Lemos, Gregg Fonarow, Paul Heidenreich, Christina Koutras, Mark Kremers, John Messenger, Issam Moussa, William J. Oetgen, Matthew T. Roe, Kenneth Rosenfield, Thomas P. Shields, John A. Spertus, Jessica Wei, Christopher White, Christopher H. Young, John S. Rumsfeld
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Visual field defect associated with vigabatrin
Authors: I F Comaish
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Childhood obesity Breast feeding is importantEditor-Frühbeck does not consider the role of infant feeding in the aetiology of childhood overweight and obesity. 1 Dewey et al found that formula fed infants were heavier than those who received no milk other than breast milk in the first 12 months, although they were of similar length and head circumference. 2 The study also found that the energy intake of breastfed infants was lower than that of formula fed infants, even after the introduction of solids, and suggested that relatively low energy intakes are a function of self regulation in breastfed infants.Von Kries et al found in children aged 5 and 6 years a substantial, dose dependent, protective effect of breast feeding on obesity and overweight: three to five months of exclusive breast feeding was associated with a 35% reduction in obesity at the age of 5 to 6 years.They discuss the evidence for a programming effect of breast feeding in preventing obesity and overweight in later life. 3 Breast feeding mothers lose weight after pregnancy more effectively than those who feed artificially, an advantage seen over at least the first 12 months of breast feeding. 4t seems that promoting and supporting breast feeding should be part of the initiative to tackle the "epidemic of obesity." 5
Abstract 9143: Mortality Resulting From Congenital Heart Diseases Through 2003 To 2010: A Population-based Study In China
Authors: Zhan Hu, Xin Yuan, Samuel Krumholz, Zhe Zheng, Shengshou Hu
Journal: Circulation (2012)

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggested that mortality from congenital heart diseases (CHD) is declining in the US. But we don't know what the CHD mortality trend is in China. What's more, we don't know whether the trends in rural and urban region follow different pattern or not in China, the largest developing country with rapid urbanization. This study aimed to determine recent changes in death caused by CHD in China and describe CHD mortality in rural and urban Chinese populations. METHODS: The data source was the China Ministry of Health 2003-2010 annual reports. Mortality was defined as death caused by CHD. Mortality rates for each year were calculated per 100,000 person-years. Poisson regression and descriptive analysis were conducted for overall trend and sub-group analysis was conducted by gender, age and urban/rural to understand potential disparities in mortality. RESULTS: From 2003-2010, the overall mortality rate increased from 141 per 100,000 person-years in 2003 to 229 in 2010, a 62.4% relative increase. This represents a region-sex adjusted annual increase of 9% (incidence rate ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.10). The increase in CHD mortality was not uniformly observed across age groups, urban/rural and gender. The relative increases were 65.3%, 212.2% and 131.7% for age 1-10, 21-64 and 65 or older groups, respectively. Urban areas had a relative increase of 154.5% vs. 5.3% for rural areas. Female who lived in an urban environment had a relative increase of 313.5%. CONCLUSION: Different from US where the CHD mortality is reducing, our observation, based on Chinese Ministry of Health 2003-2010 annual reports, showed an obvious increasing trend of CHD mortality in China. What's more, increase in CHD mortality was not uniformly observed across age groups, urban/rural and gender. Such information is needed as a basis for working out and evaluating interventions and for the ongoing monitoring of CHD mortality and allocation of healthcare resources to properly treat CHD patients.