tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation of internal adenopathy in a cohort of 43 patients with hairy cell leukemia.
Authors: D Hakimian, M S Tallman, D K Hogan, A W Rademaker, E Rose, A A Nemcek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE To determine the role of computed tomography (CT) in patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL), we report a series of 43 patients prospectively evaluated for internal adenopathy by CT before and after treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA). PATIENTS AND METHODS CT was performed on 43 consecutive patients with HCL before and 3 months after a single cycle of 2-CdA. Twenty-four patients were previously diagnosed and 19 were newly diagnosed. Adenopathy was considered bulky if the greatest dimension of any confluent mass was between 5 and 10 cm and massive if greater than 10 cm. RESULTS Internal adenopathy was present in six of 43 patients (14%). Three of the six patients had massive abdominal adenopathy and one had bulky abdominal adenopathy. All six patients with adenopathy were previously diagnosed, while none of the 19 newly diagnosed patients had internal adenopathy. In those patients previously diagnosed, the six with adenopathy had a median disease duration of 68 months, while the 18 patients without adenopathy had a median disease duration of 24 months (P = .01). Adenopathy was more common in splenectomized patients. In previously diagnosed patients, adenopathy occurred in five of 10 (50%) splenectomized patients and one of 14 (7%) nonsplenectomized patients (P = .05). However, the 10 splenectomized patients had a median disease duration of 56 months, while the 14 nonsplenectomized patients had a median disease duration of 16 months (P = .004). All six patients had significant reduction in adenopathy 3 months after 2-CdA and were without residual HCL in the bone marrow. CONCLUSION Significant internal adenopathy in patients with HCL is more frequent than previously recognized. Adenopathy is rare at diagnosis and appears to be related to disease duration. As patients treated with 2-CdA have long disease-free survival durations, detection of significant adenopathy by CT scan may be important; however, routine CT scans are not recommended at the time of diagnosis.
Rat Differences in Mammary Tumor Induction With Estrogen and Neutron Radiation&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Claire J. Shellabarger, John Patrick Stone, Seymour Holtzman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Young adult female rats of either the Sprague-Dawley stock or the ACI strain were each given an implant of a compressed pellet of 5 mg diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 15 mg cholesterol 2 days before irradiation with 0.4, 1.3, or 4.0 rads of 0.43-MeV neutrons. These rats were studied, along with appropriate irradiated and nonirradiated controls, until death or for a maximum of 48 weeks. Response differences between the strain and stock included the following: DES produced both pituitary tumors and mammary adenocarcinomas (MAC) in ACI rats only. Neutron radiation increased mammary fibroadenoma (MFA) formation in Sprague-Dawley rats only. No interactions between DES and radiation on MAC formation in Sprague-Dawley rats or MFA formation in ACI rats were demonstrated. However, when DES and neutron radiation were combined, DES appeared to inhibit the MFA response to radiation in Sprague-Dawley rats. In contrast, DES appeared to act synergistically with neutron radiation on MAC formation in ACI rats. These results clearly demonstrate rat differences in mammary gland carcinogenesis in response to estrogen, to radiation, or to a combination of both agents.
Prediction of Level of Serotonin 2A Receptor Binding by Serotonin Receptor 2A Genetic Variation in Postmortem Brain Samples From Subjects Who Did or Did Not Commit Suicide
Authors: Gustavo Turecki, Richard Brière, Karen Dewar, Tonino Antonetti, Alain D. Lesage, Monique Séguin, Nadia Chawky, Claude Vanier, Martin Alda, Ridha Joober, Chawki Benkelfat, Guy A. Rouleau
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Postmortem studies have indicated that suicide victims have greater serotonin receptor 2A (5-HTR2A) binding in prefrontal brain regions. However, there remains some controversy regarding the biological specificity of these findings. The authors hypothesized that the variance observed in brain 5-HTR2A binding is genetically mediated, at least in part.Postmortem data from 56 subjects who had committed suicide and 126 normal comparison subjects were studied; brain tissue was available from 11 subjects who committed suicide and 11 comparison subjects. Homogenate binding assays were carried out with [3H]ketanserin. Variation at the 5-HTR2A gene (HTR2A) was investigated by means of two polymorphisms: T102C and A-1438G.5-HTR2A binding was greater in the prefrontal cortex of the subjects who committed suicide. In addition, the findings suggest that HTR2A variation significantly affects 5-HTR2A binding. However, no interaction between suicidal behavior and this locus was observed.These results confirm previous reports of greater 5-HTR2A binding in subjects who committed suicide; they also provide preliminary evidence suggesting that the number of 5-HTR2A receptors is genetically mediated.
The utility of remote cough monitoring in COPD
Authors: Michael Crooks, Yvette Hayman, Caroline Wright, Alyn Morice
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Telehealth has been advocated as a way to monitor patients with COPD to anticipate exacerbations and allow early therapeutic intervention. We have investigated whether automatic cough counting over a 45 day period following an acute exacerbation can be used as an objective measure of wellbeing and compared this with home FEV1 measurement.  Method: The Hull Automated Cough Counter (HACC) was used to measure the cough frequency over a 24 hour period on days 1, 5, 20 and 45 post discharge following hospital admission with an acute exacerbation of COPD. Participants also performed home FEV1 monitoring and completed the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and Hull Airways Reflux Questionnaire (HARQ). Correlation between objective measures (cough count and FEV1) and subjective measures (LCQ, CAT and HARQ) was assessed.  Results: All three subjective measures demonstrated improvement in quality of life in the 45 days following the acute exacerbation. There was no significant difference in sensitivity between each of the measures. Only cough counting was significantly correlated (p  Conclusion: Cough counting provides useful information for monitoring patients during and after a COPD exacerbation. The two objective measures appear to be quantifying different aspects of morbidity with cough counting being better than home FEV1 monitoring at reflecting patient wellbeing. As cough counting is a non-invasive and unintrusive assessment tool it is less liable to patient compliance issues and may be a valuable adjunct to monitoring COPD patients by telehealth.
Effects of positive expiratory pressure and volume-oriented incentive spirometer on chest wall volumes in patients with stroke
Authors: Rêncio Bento Florêncio, Lucien Peroni Gualdi, Íllia Dantas Florentino, Rodrigo Melo Lima, Elis Alves Cabral, Vanessa Resqueti, Andrea Aliverti, Guilherme Fregonezi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective: to evaluate volume variations of chest wall (CW) and its compartments during the use of Positive Expiratory Pressure (PEP) and Volume-Oriented Incentive Spirometer (Vo-IS) in patients with stroke by Optoelectronic Plethysmography (OEP). Methods: 12 subjects with stroke diagnosis (54.5±9.7 years, BMI: 27.1±3.1, FVC%: 89.6±13, FEV1/FVC%:102.0±8.6, PImax%:76.3±27, PEmax%:89.4±24) were included in the study. On day 1 of the protocol anthropometric characteristics, respiratory muscles strength and lung function were collected. On day 2 and 3, OEP values were collected during the use of Vo-IS and 3 levels of PEP (10, 15 and 20 cmH2O). Results: RR was significantly higher during the use of PEP compared to Vo-IS (Mean: 11.8±4.7 vs. 5.5±2.3 min-1) (p<0.0001) while inspiratory (5.7±1.8 vs. 2±0.7), expiratory (6.3±2 vs. 4.1±1.9) and total respiratory cycle (12.2±3.3 vs. 6.1±2.3) time were significantly higher during Vo-IS compared to PEP (p<0.0001). Tidal volume (VT) was significantly increased during the use of Vo-IS compared to quite breathing for CW and its compartments (p<0.05) while the use of 15 and 20 cmH2O of PEP showed significantly higher values for VTCW only (p<0.05).VT was significantly higher in Vo-IS compared to PEP in all compartments (p<0.05).

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Conclusion: Vo-IS induced higher modifications on breathing pattern and CW volumes compared to different intensities of PEP.

 [1]: pending:yes
Uveitis in young adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: A Y K Chan, D T L Liu, M Arkela-Kautiainen, J Haapasaari, M Leirisalo-Repo, K Kotaniemi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

We thank Dr Kotaniemi and associates for their comprehensive review1 of this important topic. Among all the ophthalmic measures studied, screening for dry eye by Schirmer’s test and interview alone aroused our interest.

Unlike other well known causes for Sjogren’s syndrome, such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis is not commonly associated with dry eye or keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Carvounis et al have shown the prevalence to be as low as 2.3%.2 Surprisingly, Kotaniemi et al reported that a discordantly high 40% of patients with uveitis and 26% of non-uveitis patients had dry eye symptoms or signs.1 This obvious disparity may be attributed to multiple uncontrolled confounding factors in this study, including the intrinsically low reproducibility of the Schirmer score and poor correlation between conventional dry eye tests and …
The clinical features of 13 patients with interstitial pneumonia with positive anti-glycyl-tRNA synthetase autoantibodies
Authors: Hajime Sasano, Hideya Kitamura, Tomohisa Baba, Yasunori Enomoto, Norikazu Matsuo, Eri Hagiwara, Miyako Nakagawa, Etsuko Iwata, Koji Okudera, Shinji Sato, Yasuo Suzuki, Tae Iwasawa, Tamiko Takemura, Takashi Ogura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objectives: Anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase autoantibodies are highly prevalent in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) particularly in those complicated with interstitial pneumonia (IP). The clinical characteristics in positive anti-glycyl-tRNA synthetase (anti-EJ) autoantibody patients with IP were not yet reported. Our aim was to define the clinicopathological features of IP with positive anti-EJ autoantibody.  Methods: We retrospectively examined 13 IP patients with anti-EJ autoantibody. Twelve patients underwent surgical lung biopsy. Cellular nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern (67%) and fibrotic NSIP pattern (33%) were diagnosed. The clinical, radiologic, and pathological data were abstracted from the medical records.  Results: Median age was 63 years, with 62% women and 58% never smokers. The common symptom was cough (92%) and dyspnea (54%), and no patients met specific connective tissue disease criteria at the first visit. Two patients developed dermatomyositis and four did polymyositis later. High-resolution CT showed lowerlung-predominant pleural irregularities, consolidation, peribronchovascular thickening, and traction bronchiectasis with volume loss. The lung biopsies demonstrated plasmacytic infiltration, interstitial cellular infiltration, and organizing pneumonia in all. IP improved in 10 patients with initial steroid therapy, while five of them relapsed.  Conclusions: IP patients with anti-EJ autoantibody had lower lung-predominant shadows with volume loss, cellular or fibrotic NSIP patterns, and good response for initial steroid treatment, although relapse was frequent.
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates: a zone of high heterogeneity (HHZ) as a tool for epidemiological studies
Authors: M.S. Ramirez, G. Xie, S.H. Marshall, K.M. Hujer, P.S.G. Chain, R.A. Bonomo, M.E. Tolmasky
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Abstract 3077: Cross-Sectional Associations of Arterial Stiffness Measures and Ankle-Brachial Index: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: John T Wilkins, Mary M McDermott, Kiang Liu, Cheeling Chan, Michael Criqui, Donald M Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The association between tonometry-derived measures of arterial stiffness and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is unclear. Using baseline data from 2847 female and 2614 male participants of the NHLBI-funded MESA study, we conducted linear regression analyses adjusted for age, demographics and risk factors. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was the dependent variable and measures of large (C1) and small artery elasticity (C2) and total vascular impedance (TVI), all measured from radial artery tonometry, were the independent variables in separate models. In men and women, lower C1 and C2 values were associated with lower ABI. Higher TVI was associated with lower ABI in men and women [P&lt;0.001]. Significant trends for C1, C2 and TVI were observed across clinical strata of ABI (Table ). In pairwise analyses, compared with participants with a normal ABI (1.1 to &lt;1.3), those with ABI &lt;1.1 tended to have significantly lower C2. Additionally, women with high ABI (1.3–1.5) tended to have significantly higher C2 values. Pairwise comparisons of lower and higher ABI groups compared with normal groups did not yield consistent findings for C1. Significantly higher TVI levels with lower ABI group were noted mostly in women (Table ). We observed a continuum of arterial mechanical characteristics across clinical ABI values, indicating that measures of arterial stiffness are significantly associated with ABI and severity of PAD. These results suggest that changes in C2 occur in patients with advanced lower extremity large-vessel atherosclerotic disease. Of note, female participants with high ABI between 1.3–1.5 had a significantly higher C2, arguing against the accepted “non-compressible” or “calcified arterial disease” explanation for high ABI in women. Associations Between ABI and Pulse Wave Analysis Measurements when adjusted for age, cigarette smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and creatinine level
Quinine- and Quinidine-dependent Antiplatelet Antibodies
Authors: Sharron L. Pfueller, Pari K. Hosseinzadeh, Barry G. Firkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The requirement of Factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) for platelet damage by quinine-and quinidine-dependent antibodies was studied in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of four patients with severe von Willebrand's disease (vWd) (Factor VIII deficiency). Platelet factor 3 availability, platelet aggregation, and release of [14C]serotonin from labeled vWd-PRP by drug-dependent antibodies were significantly reduced in comparison with PRP from normal controls. Addition of purified VIIIR:Ag restored levels of platelet damage to that of normal PRP. In vWd-PRP, platelet damage by two human antiplatelet sera, not dependent on drugs, and by a rabbit antiplatelet serum did not differ from that in normal PRP. PRP from patients deficient in Factor VIII coagulant activity, Factor IX, or Factors II, VII, IX, and X behaved like normal PRP.
MMP20 and ARMS2/HTRA1 Are Associated with Neovascular Lesion Size in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Yumiko Akagi-Kurashige, Kenji Yamashiro, Norimoto Gotoh, Masahiro Miyake, Satoshi Morooka, Munemitsu Yoshikawa, Isao Nakata, Kyoko Kumagai, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Ryo Yamada, Fumihiko Matsuda, Masaaki Saito, Tomohiro Iida, Masako Sugahara, Yasuo Kurimoto, Ching-Yu Cheng, Chiea-Chuen Khor, Tien-Yin Wong, Nagahisa Yoshimura, Takeo Nakayama, Akihiro Sekine, Shinji Kosugi, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Ryo Yamada, Yasuharu Tabara, Fumihiko Matsuda
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
Pneumonia incidence and risk factors in patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Javier Barreda Garcia, Xiudong Lei, William Wierda, Jorge Cortes, Burton Dickey, Scott Evans, David Ost
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Pneumonia is a major cause of death during induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia.   Objectives:  The purpose of this study was to quantify the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of pneumonia in acute leukemia patients.   Methods:  We conducted a retrospective cohort study in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) that underwent their first induction chemotherapy.   Results:  801 patients received their first induction chemotherapy. The cumulative incidence of pneumonia at day 28 was 19.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.9% to 22.8%). On multivariate analysis, age greater than 60 years, lower baseline platelet counts, low albumin level, and neutropenia were associated with an increased incidence of pneumonia. ALL was associated with a decreased incidence of pneumonia compared to AML (HR: 0.42; CI: 0.22-0.82). Fifty deaths occurred among the 801 patients, 39 of these in patients with pneumonia. On multivariate analysis, pneumonia, age greater than 60 years, elevated creatinine, poor performance status, and treatment in 2005 were associated with an increased risk of death, but pneumonia showed the strongest association (HR: 10.66; 95% CI, 5.40-21.04). Patients with pneumonia spent more days in the ICU and in the hospital, and had a 51% increase in hospital costs as compared to patients without pneumonia (P   Conclusion:  Pneumonia is common during induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and health care resource utilization. There is an association between the type of leukemia and the incidence of pneumonia even after adjustment for neutropenia.
Tumor size and inflammatory cytokines in exhaled breath condensate in patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Luisa Brussino, Marta Morando, Marta Malandra, Caterina Bucca, Giovanni Rolla, Roberto Giobbe, Irene Parisi, Monica Boita, Pierluigi Filosso, Beatrice Culla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background : both local and systemic inflammation play a key role in the genesis and progression of lung cancer; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been related to progression and local extension of many tumors. Involvement of T helper 17 lymphocytes (Th17) and their cytokines (IL17, IL6) in cancer has been recently postulated. Lung inflammation may be non-invasively assessed by cytokine assay in exhaled breath condensate (EBC).

Aim and objectives : to assess the possible correlations between systemic and local Th17 related cytokines, VEGF and tumor size evaluated by CT-scan in patients with NSCLS.

Methods : Fifteen consecutive patients (12 males; mean age 64 years) with NSCLC classified in stage IA-IB-IIA, were enrolled. Lung CT-scan, EBC and serum samples were obtained in each patient. IL-6, IL-17 and VEGF were measured by ELISA.

Results: Tumor mean diameter was 3.28 cm (SD 2.33). Mean cytokines values in serum and EBC are shown in table 1.

View this table:

Table 1





EBC level of VEGF was significantly correlated with EBC IL-6 (r=0.314, p=0.030) and IL-17 (r=0.697, p<0.001). A significant correlation between tumor diameter and IL-6, IL-17 and VEGF in EBC was observed (r=0.440 p=0.013, r=0.444 p=0.013, r=0.332 p=0.039 respectively). No correlation was found between serum cytokine and tumor size.

Conclusion: This is the first observation reporting Th17 cytokines in EBC in NSCLC. The correlation between Th17 cytokines and tumor size suggests the involvement of Th17 cells in the progression of neoplasia.
Tai Chi, like it or not? The COPD experience
Authors: Regina Wai Man Leung, Zoe McKeough, Matthew Peters, Jennifer Alison
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aim: To determine the experience of people with COPD to Tai Chi. Methods: Participants, who finished 12 week short-form Sun-style Tai Chi (SSTC) training program, completed a survey of eight questions. Each question was answered by putting a stroke on a 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale with anchors at either end, ranging from the negative of the question on the left to the positive of the question on the right. The number of supervised training sessions attended and the number of days unsupervised home training practised was reported. Results: Twenty-three participants completed the survey, mean (SD) age 74 (8) years, mean FEV1% predicted 59 (17)%. Participants attended 21 (2) supervised training sessions out of a possible 24 sessions and performed 4 (1) days per week of unsupervised home training. The Table below indicates the results of four survey questions. Conclusion: Participants reported that SSTC was a highly enjoyable exercise which they perceived improved their physical fitness, balance and shortness of breath. Compliance with supervised and unsupervised training was high. Importantly, participants indicated that they would continue Tai Chi as their regular exercise regimen.

View this table:
Vascular Smooth Muscle LRP6 Limits Arteriosclerotic Calcification in Diabetic LDLR <sup>−/−</sup> Mice by Restraining Noncanonical Wnt Signals
Authors: Su-Li Cheng, Bindu Ramachandran, Abraham Behrmann, Jian-Su Shao, Megan Mead, Carolyn Smith, Karen Krchma, Yoanna Bello Arredondo, Attila Kovacs, Kapil Kapoor, Laurence M. Brill, Ranjan Perera, Bart O. Williams, Dwight A. Towler
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Wnt signaling regulates key aspects of diabetic vascular disease.We generated SM22-Cre;LRP6(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) mice to determine contributions of Wnt coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) in the vascular smooth muscle lineage of male low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice, a background susceptible to diet (high-fat diet)-induced diabetic arteriosclerosis.As compared with LRP6(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) controls, SM22-Cre;LRP6(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) (LRP6-VKO) siblings exhibited increased aortic calcification on high-fat diet without changes in fasting glucose, lipids, or body composition. Pulse wave velocity (index of arterial stiffness) was also increased. Vascular calcification paralleled enhanced aortic osteochondrogenic programs and circulating osteopontin (OPN), a matricellular regulator of arteriosclerosis. Survey of ligands and Frizzled (Fzd) receptor profiles in LRP6-VKO revealed upregulation of canonical and noncanonical Wnts alongside Fzd10. Fzd10 stimulated noncanonical signaling and OPN promoter activity via an upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-activated cognate inhibited by LRP6. RNA interference revealed that USF1 but not USF2 supports OPN expression in LRP6-VKO vascular smooth muscle lineage, and immunoprecipitation confirmed increased USF1 association with OPN chromatin. ML141, an antagonist of cdc42/Rac1 noncanonical signaling, inhibited USF1 activation, osteochondrogenic programs, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular smooth muscle lineage calcification. Mass spectrometry identified LRP6 binding to protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT)-1, and nuclear asymmetrical dimethylarginine modification was increased with LRP6-VKO. RNA interference demonstrated that PRMT1 inhibits OPN and TNAP, whereas PRMT4 supports expression. USF1 complexes containing the histone H3 asymmetrically dimethylated on Arg-17 signature of PRMT4 are increased with LRP6-VKO. Jmjd6, a demethylase downregulated with LRP6 deficiency, inhibits OPN and TNAP expression, USF1: histone H3 asymmetrically dimethylated on Arg-17 complex formation, and transactivation.LRP6 restrains vascular smooth muscle lineage noncanonical signals that promote osteochondrogenic differentiation, mediated in part via USF1- and arginine methylation-dependent relays.