tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIV and AIDS in the European Union, 2008
Authors: M  J W van de Laar, G Likatavicius
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

HIV infections remain to be of major public health importance in Europe, with evidence of increasing transmission in several European countries. A total of 25,656 diagnosed cases of HIV infection were reported for 2008 by the countries of the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA); data were not available from Austria, Denmark or Liechtenstein. The highest rates were reported by Estonia, Latvia, Portugal and the United Kingdom. In the EU/EEA, the predominant mode of transmission for HIV infection was sex among men who have sex with men (MSM, 40%) followed by heterosexual contact (29%), when cases in persons originating from countries with generalised epidemics were excluded. Injecting drug use accounted for 6% of the reported cases. Overall, despite incomplete reporting, the number of HIV cases in 2008 has increased while the number of reported AIDS cases continued to decline except in the Baltic States. The data presented have some limitations, due to missing data from a number of countries, limiting the conclusions that can be drawn with respect to the size of the HIV and AIDS epidemics in Europe.
Evaluation of hospitalization costs for treatment of febrile neutropenia (FN)
Authors: N. Lathia, N. Mittmann, C. DeAngelis, S. Knowles, M. Cheung, E. Piliotis, N. Shear, S. Walker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

17549 Background: FNis a common, serious adverse effect of chemotherapy; treatment is costly as it typically involves hospitalisation, use of intravenous antibiotics, and occasionally hematopoietic growth factors (CSFs). Several studies have evaluated direct medical costs of hospitalisation for FN; no Canadian studies detailing the costs associated with modern treatment protocols are available. Methods: A consecutive sample of patients admitted to an inpatient hematology/oncology ward at a tertiary care hospital (Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, Canada) was enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria were: 1) diagnosis of chemotherapy-induced FN upon admission and 2) ≥ 18 years of age at time of admission. Patients were followed prospectively during hospitalization and information on medical resource utilization, including length of stay, medications, laboratory and diagnostic tests, was collected. Costs, extracted from hospital and provincial databases, were used to calculate the overall cost, in 2007 Canadian dollars (CAD), per FN episode, from the hospital perspective. Results: Fifty-one episodes of FN occurred in 46 patients; 75% of episodes were classified as low risk based the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) risk score model. Fifty-one percent of episodes occurred in females and 65% of episodes occurred in patients with hematologic malignancies. Mean ± SD age of patients was 60.3 ± 13.4 years. CSFs were used in 29% of the episodes. The mean length of stay per episode was 6.8 ± 4.9 days. The mean costs of antibiotics and CSFs were 258 ± 413CAD and 354 ± 721CAD, respectively. The mean overall cost per episode was 5800 ± 4275CAD. Conclusions: Hospitalization for the treatment of FN is expensive. Future work will evaluate cost-effectiveness of alternative treatment models for FN, such as outpatient treatment or early hospital discharge programs for low risk episodes, and prophylactic interventions such as the use of CSFs. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Amgen Canada Amgen Canada
The Use of a Derivative of Hematoporphyrin in Tumor Detection&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Richard L. Lipson, Edward J. Baldes, Arthur M. Olsen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)
Conditioned Reflexes and Neuron Organization.
Authors: Jerzy Konorski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1949)

which is an adjunct to the office of the practicing physician that it should prove especially helpful.The physician or the technician may readily find information about unfamiliar tests or laboratory methods which he has forgotten.The writing is explicit.Each procedure is detailed in step by step construction.For each test, the principles, general considerations, methods of performance, normal values, and interpretation of findings are listed in order.There are good charts and plates summarizing the findings of such essential laboratory data as the cerebrospinal fluid findings in diverse disease conditions, the morphological appearances of red and white blood cells, and the normal and pathological values in hematology.Diagrams are frequently used to illustrate different pieces of apparatus.The print is large, so that the volume may be left open on a table and read from a distance.The construction is sturdy.There is little that can be said against this book.One may rightly assert that the references to source work are too few and that the tests given are not at all inclusive, but these are minor criticisms.They do not detract from the fact that the author has done a first class, clear, practical job.
PTGDR gene in asthma: a functional, genetic, and epigenetic study
Authors: M. Isidoro-García, C. Sanz, V. García-Solaesa, M. Pascual, D. B. Pescador, F. Lorente, I. Dávila
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: Isidoro-García M, Sanz C, García-Solaesa V, Pascual M, Pescador DB, Lorente F, Dávila I. PTGDR gene in asthma: a functional, genetic, and epigenetic study. Allergy 2011; 66: 1553–1562. Background: Asthma affects more than 300 million individuals in the world. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of the genetic component. The aim of this study is to develop a holistic approach, including genetic, epigenetic, and expression analysis to study the Prostaglandin D2 receptor gene (PTGDR) in asthmatic patients. Methods: In this study, 637 Caucasian individuals were included. Genetic variants were characterized by sequencing, and haplotype and diplotype combinations were established. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were performed with different promoter variants. An epigenetic analysis of PTGDR was for the first time developed by MassArray assays, and gene expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The −197T>C (Fisher's P = 0.028) and −613C>T (Fisher's P < 0.001) polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with allergic asthma and allergy to pollen and mites, respectively. In addition, several haplotype and diplotype combinations were associated with different allergy and asthma phenotypes. The presence of the −613C>T SNP determined variations in the EMSAs. Moreover, consistent differences in the methylation and expression patterns were observed between asthmatic patients and controls determining a 2.34-fold increase of PTGDR gene expression in asthmatic patients. Conclusions: Genetic combinations described have functional implications in the PTGDR promoter activity by changing the transcription factors affinity that will help characterize different risk groups. The differences observed in the transcription factors affinity and in the methylation pattern bring insight into different transcription regulation in these patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in which the implication of genetic and epigenetic factors of PTGDR has been characterized pointing to putative therapeutic targets.
Free Fetal DNA in Maternal Circulation
Authors: Y. M. Dennis Lo, Rossa W. K. Chiu, K. C. Allen Chan, Grace T. Y. Chung
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What is Hepatology looking for?
Authors: Michael H. Nathanson
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

1Yale UniversityNew HavenCT Address reprint requests to: Michael H. Nathanson, M.D., Ph.D., Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S241D, New Haven, CT 06520‐8019. E‐mail: [email protected]; fax: +1‐203‐785‐4306.
Abstract 16446: Discordant Imaging Results in Patients Referred for Mitral Valve Surgery: What Can the Left Ventricle Tell Us?
Authors: Seth Uretsky, Linda D Gillam, Randy Cohen, Edgar Argulian, Konstantinos Koulogiannis, James J Jang, Marjorie Subero, Leo Marcoff, Farooq A Chaudhry, Steven D Wolff
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity is often based on echocardiographic (Echo) criteria and clinical assessment. Recently MRI has been used to quantify MR. In clinical practice these imaging modalities can be discordant. In an ongoing multicenter prospective study, we evaluated the degree of discordance between Echo and MRI in patients with isolated MR. We also correlated the pre-surgical MR volume (MRVol) to the decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LV EDV) after successful mitral valve surgery (MVS). Hypothesis: Does the post-surgical change in LV EDV correlate with MRVol? Methods: The study included 96 pts (60 ± 14yrs, male 57%) with isolated MR (19 fxnl, 43 degen, 34 other). 31 pts had isolated MVS. Each pt had MRVol quantified using Echo (PISA method) and MRI (LV stroke volume - forward flow). MR severity was categorized as mild &lt;30ml, moderate 30-59ml, or severe ≥60ml. Patients who had MVS (10 MVR, 21 MV repair) also had MRI 4 months following surgery. The pre-surgical MRVol was correlated with the postoperative decrease in LV EDV. Results: MRI and Echo estimates of mitral RVol. were correlated (y=0.6x + 26) (r=0.6, p &lt;0.001). There was agreement in 51/96 (53%) when using the categories of mild, moderate and severe, and 67/96 (70%) when comparing severe vs. not severe. The modalities agreed in only 11/31 (33%) pts referred for MVS. Post-surgery MRI was performed in 21 pts. While there was good correlation between MRI MRVol and post surgical negative remodeling (r=0.8, p&lt;0.001), there was no correlation between Echo MRVol and post surgical negative remodeling (r =0.1, p =0.5) (figure). Conclusions: There is often discordance between Echo PISA and MRI when quantifying MRVol even in patients referred for surgery. To the degree that post-surgical LV remodeling reflects the reduction in LV volume overload achieved with successful MVS, these data suggest that MRVol quantified by MRI may be more accurate than MRVol quantified by Echo PISA.
Intestinal β-galactosidases
Authors: Gary M. Gray, Nilda A. Santiago, Eugene H. Colver, Myron Genel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Despite the high prevalence of intestinal lactase deficiency in some racial groups and in patients with intestinal disease, the biochemical defect has not been characterized. In the preceding paper normal intestine was found to have two lactases with distinctly different pH optima. Therefore, pH activity curves of homogenates from lactase-deficient intestine were studied, and the pH optimum was found to be shifted from the normal of 5.8 to 4.8. Density gradient ultracentrifugation of intestinal material from five lactase-deficient patients demonstrated absence of a lactase with pH optimum 6.0 and molecular weight 280,000. A second lactase with pH optimum 4.5 and molecular weights of 156,000 and 660,000 remained at normal levels accounting for the shift in the pH optimum in whole intestinal homogenates. In addition, three of the five patients had absence of a smaller beta-galactosidase (molecular weight 80,000) that had specificity only for synthetic substrates. Although not a lactase, this enzyme had a pH optimum identical with the missing lactase, and its activity was inhibited by lactose in a partially competitive manner suggesting that it is capable of binding lactose. It is possible that this enzyme is a precursor or fragment of the missing lactase.The residual lactase activity provided by the lactase with low pH optimum represents 20-70% of the activity of the missing enzyme, and yet these patients are not able to digest dietary lactose. Thus it appears that the residual enzyme plays no significant role in the hydrolysis of ingested lactose.
PML/RARα fusion protein expression in normal human hematopoietic progenitors dictates myeloid commitment and the promyelocytic phenotype
Authors: Francesco Grignani, Mauro Valtieri, Marco Gabbianelli, Vania Gelmetti, Rosanna Botta, Luisella Luchetti, Barbara Masella, Ornella Morsilli, Elvira Pelosi, Paola Samoggia, Pier Giuseppe Pelicci, Cesare Peschle
Journal: Blood (2000)
Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: practical prognostic models based on large cohort of international patients
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To develop and validate practical prognostic models for death at 14 days and for death or severe disability six months after traumatic brain injury. <b>Design</b> Multivariable logistic regression to select variables that were independently associated with two patient outcomes. Two models designed: “basic” model (demographic and clinical variables only) and “CT” model (basic model plus results of computed tomography). The models were subsequently developed for high and low-middle income countries separately. <b>Setting</b> Medical Research Council (MRC) CRASH Trial. <b>Subjects</b> 10 008 patients with traumatic brain injury. Models externally validated in a cohort of 8509. <b>Results</b> The basic model included four predictors: age, Glasgow coma scale, pupil reactivity, and the presence of major extracranial injury. The CT model also included the presence of petechial haemorrhages, obliteration of the third ventricle or basal cisterns, subarachnoid bleeding, midline shift, and non-evacuated haematoma. In the derivation sample the models showed excellent discrimination (C statistic above 0.80). The models showed good calibration graphically. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test also indicated good calibration, except for the CT model in low-middle income countries. External validation for unfavourable outcome at six months in high income countries showed that basic and CT models had good discrimination (C statistic 0.77 for both models) but poorer calibration. <b>Conclusion</b> Simple prognostic models can be used to obtain valid predictions of relevant outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury.
Efficacy of aerosolized oltipraz in the strain a mouse lung tumor model
Authors: Pu Gao, Sheela Sharma, Vernon Steele
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

2468   We have previously evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of oltipraz, a glutathione-maintaining antioxidant and a dithiolthione against the strain A/J mouse lung adenoma induced by B[a] P (benzo[a]pyrene) when it was delivered directly to the respiratory tract as an aerosol. The study has shown that there is a significant decrease (p = 0.0004) in the number of tumors (gross lesions) at 105mg/m 3  of oltipraz exposed for 1.0 hr. In order to observe a dose response, the current study utilized two additional doses (10 and 30 mg/m 3  of air). Female Strain A/J mice were treated with oltipraz at three doses (10, 30 and 100 mg/m 3 ) using a Nose Only inhalation exposure system to deliver the aerosolized drug particulates directly to the respiratory tract for four weeks (5 days /week). During the second and third week, the animals received three doses of 2 mg B[a]P in 0.2 ml cotton seed oil. After the animals were shelved for another 16 weeks to develop tumors, they were sacrificed; lung tissues removed and fixed for tumor counting and pathological examination. The results indicated that, oltipraz did not show any toxicity in any of the exposure doses. There was very low spontaneous tumors in A/J mice with average 0.75 tumors per lung (cotton seed oil group), whereas, there was an average of 15.1 tumors per lung (20 fold induction) in B[a]P treated group. Gross evaluation of lung tumor post-exposure to otipraz exhibited significant reduction of tumor incidence and multiplicity. Oltipraz inhibited the tumor development in a dose-dependent manner with inhibition ranging from 37-50 %, when compared to the B[a]P only group. Analysis of the tumor multiplicity data showed that 67 % of the lungs were with 10 or more tumors in the B [a]P group, whereas, in oltipraz exposure group, there was a significant dose-dependent decrease in the number of lungs with 10 or more tumors (19-40 %). Pathological examination of lungs also revealed an oltipraz exposure related reduction in tumor incidence. The data from this study shows that oltipraz is an effective agent for lung cancer prevention, when delivered directly to the target tissue as aerosolized particulate (Supported by N01-CN-25112).
Weight-Loss Surgeries Up
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2005)

The number of Americans seeking to reduce their weight through bariatric surgery more than quadrupled between 1998 and 2002—from 13 386 to 71 733—according to a new study by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (Encinosa et al. Health Aff [Millwood]. 2005;24:1039-1046).
SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT PROFILES OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS
Authors: J W Shaffer, W Towns, C W Schmidt Jr, R S Fisher, H I Zlotowitz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Two samples of fatally injured male drivers were retrospectively compared with a normative population on 18 measures of personal and social adjustment by means of the Katz Adjustment Scales, a device for assessing the behavioral characteristics of persons through interviews with knowledgeable informants. Results obtained from the first sample were essentially replicated in the second, and suggest that fatalities in male drivers, on the average, are seen by informants as having been significantly more belligerent, negative, verbally expansive, hyperactive, and displaying more psychopathology than comparable normative males. Prior existence and prominence of these traits among the cases studied was supported by Department of Motor Vehicles records indicating a high incidence of traffic violations and by excessive blood alcohol levels at autopsy in the majority. The lack of association in these samples between the behavioral traits implicated and either age or blood alcohol level at autopsy suggests the conclusion that whether young or old, drinking or nondrinking, the socially obstreperous driver is at increased risk of becoming a fatality.
Abstract 19018: Variation in Treatment and Outcomes in ACS: Insights from the Alberta Contemporary Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Invasive Treatment Strategy (COAPT) Study
Authors: Kevin R Bainey, Padma Kaul, Wei Liu, Collen Norris, Mouhieddin Traboulsi, Neil Brass, Imtiaz Ali, Jayan Nagendran, Merril L Knutdson, Paul W Armstrong, Robert C Welsh
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: In a universal health care system, we examined variations in treatment strategies and clinical outcomes in a contemporary cohort of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Methods: Hospitalization claims of 15,264 patients with ACS between April 1, 2010 and March 2012 were deterministically linked to the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcomes Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) angiographic database. We compared baseline characteristics and use of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures across 3 invasive sites. For patients who underwent an invasive strategy, we examined 1-year rates of death and repeat revascularization. Results: Of the study cohort, 14.3% were medically treated at 91 non-invasive hospitals without transfer to an invasive site and had a 9.3% rate of in-hospital death. The remaining patients were admitted or transferred to one of the three invasive sites (A 5935 pts [40.4% transfer]; B 3910 pts [47.1% transfer]; C 3243 pts [57.4% transfer]). The majority were treated with an invasive strategy: A 87.4%, B 88.9%, C 90.1%, p&lt;0.001). Patient characteristics according to invasive site are reported below (Table). Most notable are the dissimilar rates of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) along with the different use of drug-eluting stents (DES). Mortality rates were similar (in-hospital and 1-year). However, significant differences in one-year repeat revascularization were observed. Conclusion: Results from this large contemporary Canadian study suggest variation in revascularization strategies exist resulting in differences in clinical outcome at one year. Further investigations are warranted to allow alignment of best practice and patient outcomes for patients with ACS.
Regular review: Effect of increasing age on cataract surgery outcomes in very elderly patients
Authors: T. Y. Wong
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The safety and effectiveness of cataract surgery are generally well established.1 About 90% of eyes achieve a visual acuity of 6/12 or better after cataract surgery.2 In eyes with no pre-existing comorbidity, more than 95% can be expected to achieve this outcome. Many other studies have documented substantial improvement not only in visual acuity but also in quality of life after cataract surgery.3–5

In the very elderly population (say, those aged over 85 years), however, these issues are not entirely clear. In the 1997-8 UK national cataract surgery survey, more than a third of participants aged 85 years and older did not achieve visual acuities of 6/12 or better after cataract surgery.5 These people were also two to three times more likely to have severe impairment in one eye (visual acuity of 6/60 or worse) than younger people. With greater life expectancies and increasing demand for improved quality of life, the number of very elderly people receiving cataract surgery has been projected to grow substantially in the coming years. Among people aged 85 and older in England and Wales, about 500 000 people are estimated to have cataracts with some degree of visual impairment, with 100 000 new cases of cataract every five years.6

Among these very elderly people, are some more likely to benefit than others? Conversely, which patients are at risk of developing adverse events? How does old age affect outcomes of cataract surgery? The answers to these questions are important not only to the elderly patient contemplating cataract surgery and the doctor deciding if cataract surgery is indicated, but also to the government, insurers, and other healthcare payers, as cataract surgery delivery is increasingly under pressure from cost containment …