tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cooperative versus adversarial communication; contextual embedding versus disengagement
Authors: Keith Stenning, Padraic Monaghan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Subjects exhibiting logical competence choices, for example, in Wason's selection task, are exhibiting an important skill. We take issue with the idea that this skill is individualistic and must be selected for at some different level than System 1 skills. Our case redraws System 1/2 boundaries, and reconsiders the relationship of competence model to skill.
Cauda equina syndrome complicating ankylosing spondylitis: use of electromyography and computerised tomography in diagnosis.
Authors: A Young, A Dixon, J Getty, P Renton, H Vacher
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

A case of the cauda equina syndrome complicating ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is described. An unusual feature of this case was the relapsing and remitting nature of the condition, but there is sufficient evidence to explain the clinical picture on the basis of a recurrent intraspinal inflammatory process. The clinical and radiological features are similar to those of a further 28 reported in the literature. An electromyogram (EMG) proved important in defining the extent of neurological involvement. Computerised tomography (CT) showed marked laminar erosion and no bony exit foramen encroachment. We believe that the clinical diagnosis of this condition can be adequately confirmed with plain radiology, EMG, and CT scan.
Tomoxifen versus aminoglutethimide in advanced breast carcinoma
Authors: A Green
Journal: BMJ (1982)

institution like the one in which I work.If the rumour got around that the treatment was painful it would discourage people from coming.We routinely culture for herpesvirus from the untreated cuts and I would certainly supplement the topical treatment with systemic treatment in high dose should a herpesvirus appear in the laboratory.
Ebola drug trial is to start next month
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The first clinical trial of drugs to treat Ebola virus disease is set to launch at the beginning of November, with first results available by the end of the year, one of the trial investigators has told The BMJ .

Researchers are currently visiting treatment centres run by the charity Medecins Sans Frontieres and other organisations in the three worst affected countries, Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia, to assess whether they might be able to support a clinical trial, alongside their crucial work of providing care and treatment.

This is the first time a clinical trial will be carried out during a disease outbreak. The partnership behind the trial, which includes Oxford University, the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium, the Global Health Network, the Institut Pasteur, and the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, is preparing the groundwork at record speed, having been awarded a £3.2m (€4m; $5.1m) grant by the Wellcome …
Informing Candidates for Solid-Organ Transplantation about Donor Risk Factors
Authors: Scott D. Halpern, Abraham Shaked, Richard D. Hasz, Arthur L. Caplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A debate exists about informing potential organ-transplant recipients about the general risks associated with transplantation and the specific risks associated with a particular organ. In this article, the authors discuss whether and how the behavioral risks of donors should be considered and how that might affect choices and outcomes.
Topics in Gastroenterology 6
Authors: Charles Clayman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Truelove and Heyworth have once again assembled a thorough presentation of topics in gastroenterology. The section on dietary fiber provides a meticulous and complete discussion of its physical and chemical properties along with physiological and metabolic aspects of this indigestible material that has titillated the interest of physicians and faddists in the 1970s. In addition to showing the effects of different fibrous substances on absorption of calcium, zinc, and other minerals, a separate chapter discusses gums, gels, and mucilages and how they influence absorption and conditions such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes. The section on cancer of the stomach is excellent. There is an interesting consideration of theories of cause as well as a splendid exposition with many illustrations of the contrast method of radiological study of the gastric mucosa. If anything has been omitted, it is a discussion and pictorial presentation of the early ulcerating malignant neoplasms emphasized by the
822. Lentiviral Vector Delivery of the RheoSwitch® Therapeutic System for Inducible Therapeutic Transgene Expression
Authors: Zhijian J. Chen, Malla Padidam
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The value of a regulatable gene expression system suitable for clinical use in gene and cell therapy applications is being increasingly recognized. The RheoSwitch® Therapeutic System (RTS), based on an engineered ecdysone receptor and a highly specific, orally active and pharmacologically inert Activator Drug, exhibits low basal (i.e., un-induced) and high inducible expression levels, and sensitive to low nM concentrations of Activator Drug. In the present work we optimized RTS for lentiviral-mediated delivery. We constructed several lentiviral vectors that can transduce both the RheoSwitch® receptor protein(s) and the regulated gene of interest on a single vector. We optimized inducible expression levels by evaluating three constitutive promoters for the expression of RheoSwitch® receptor protein(s); three inducible promoters to regulate the gene of interest; three selectable marker genes; and alternate orientations of each gene with respect to the others. We showed that cell lines expressing the gene of interest only in the presence of Activator Drug can be easily selected and propagated. RTS-regulated lentiviral vectors were then developed for controlled expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). HEK293 cells and neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from GFP-expressing green mouse were transduced and the drug resistant cells were propagated. All HEK293 clones analyzed showed inducible expression of NTFs in the presence of Activator Drug. The fold-inductions ranged from 2 to 12,000, due to variable basal and induced levels of expression among the clones. This is not unexpected because it is known that integration site can have an effect on transgene expression. Very low or no basal expression and Activator Drug dose-dependent induction of high expression levels of NTFs were also observed in pooled, stable NSCs. These results indicate that lentiviral-based delivery of RTS can be used to efficiently regulate the precise timing and level of therapeutic genes.
STUDIES ON MEASLES
Authors: Francis G. Blake, James D. Trask
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

It is shown that monkeys which have recovered from experimental measles are immune to reinfection with the virus of measles irrespective of whether the virus is of homologous or heterologous origin. In this respect experimental measles in the monkey corresponds with measles as observed in human beings, and the result is the same whether the virus is inoculated on the respiratory mucous membrane or is injected intravenously.
Responses to panic induction procedures in subjects with multiple chemical sensitivity/idiopathic environmental intolerance: understanding the relationship with panic disorder.
Authors: Susan M Tarlo, Naveen Poonai, Karen Binkley, Martin M Antony, Richard P Swinson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI), also known as multiple chemical sensitivity, is a clinical description for a cluster of symptoms of unknown etiology that have been attributed by patients to multiple environmental exposures when other medical explanations have been excluded. Because allergy has not been clearly demonstrated and current toxicological paradigms for exposure-symptom relationships do not readily accommodate IEI, psychogenic theories have been the focus of a number of investigations. A significantly higher lifetime prevalence of major depression, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and somatization disorder has been reported among patients with environmental illness compared with that in controls. Symptoms often include anxiety, lightheadedness, impaired mentation, poor coordination, breathlessness (without wheezing), tremor, and abdominal discomfort. Responses to intravenous sodium lactate challenge or single-breath inhalation of 35% carbon dioxide versus a similar breath inhalation of clean air have shown a greater frequency of panic responses in subjects with IEI than in control subjects, although such responses did not occur in all subjects. Preliminary genetic findings suggest an increased frequency of a common genotype with panic disorder patients. The panic responses in a significant proportion of IEI patients opens a therapeutic window of opportunity. Patients in whom panic responses may at least be a contributing factor to their symptoms might be responsive to intervention with psychotherapy to enable their desensitization or deconditioning of responses to odors and other triggers, and/or may be helped by anxiolytic medications, relaxation training, and counseling for stress management.
Rectal biopsy and precancer in ulcerative colitis
Authors: H. E. Myrvold, N. G. Kock, Chr. Ahren
Journal: Gut (1974)

Forty-seven patients with ulcerative colitis subjected to elective proctocolectomy were investigated with regard to the occurrence of precancerous changes in the rectal biopsy and the operation specimen. In the rectal biopsy from seven patients precancerous lesions were found and in the operation specimens from these patients precancer was also found in other parts of the colon. In five of these patients the precancer was associated with carcinoma and in four of the patients the tumour had not been detected before operation. It is concluded that rectal biopsy is of great value in patients with ulcerative colitis for detection of early cancer and patients at risk of developing a colitis carcinoma.
Effects of lower-body negative pressure on sympathetic nerve responses to static exercise in humans. Microneurographic evidence against cardiac baroreflex modulation of the exercise pressor reflex.
Authors: U Scherrer, S F Vissing, R G Victor
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Although previous studies in both animals and humans have suggested that cardiac baroreceptors modulate reflex sympathetic vasoconstriction during exercise, more recent studies in conscious animals have not supported this view. To further test this concept in humans, we measured sympathetic nerve discharge with intraneural microelectrodes while we used static handgrip to activate the exercise pressor reflex and nonhypotensive lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) to selectively unload the cardiac baroreflex. In nine healthy subjects, we measured blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) from the peroneal nerve (resting leg) during 2 minutes of static handgrip at 20% and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) alone and in combination with LBNP at -5 mm Hg. Handgrip alone (exercise reflex) at 20% and 30% MVC caused graded increases in MSNA. LBNP alone (cardiac reflex) did not alter blood pressure or heart rate but decreased central venous pressure by 2.5 +/- 0.1 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05) and increased MSNA by 92 +/- 22% over the control value. Most important, handgrip performed during LBNP (interaction of reflexes) caused increases in MSNA that were comparable with the increases during handgrip alone: +114 +/- 32% versus +175 +/- 89% at 20% MVC and +328 +/- 101% versus +431 +/- 110% at 30% MVC (handgrip plus LBNP vs. handgrip alone, p greater than 0.1). Pressor and heart rate responses to handgrip also were unaffected by LBNP. In five additional experiments, comparable findings were obtained when the LBNP was superimposed on handgrip rather than handgrip being superimposed on LBNP. In conclusion, this study provides direct evidence in humans that nonhypotensive LBNP does not augment muscle sympathetic outflow during static handgrip and challenges the concept of an important interaction between cardiac baroreceptor and exercise pressor reflexes during this form of exercise.
Pattern of lung volumes in patients with sighing breathing.
Authors: G Aljadeff, M Molho, I Katz, S Benzaray, Z Yemini, R J Shiner
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--Sighing breathing is observed in subjects suffering from anxiety with no apparent organic disease. METHODS--Lung volumes and expiratory flow rates were measured in 12 patients with a sighing pattern of breathing and in 10 normal subjects matched for age, gender, and anthropometric data. In both groups the measurements were made by spirographic and plethysmographic techniques. In normal subjects functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV) were measured during normal breathing and again during simulated sighing breathing to exclude technical artifacts resulting from hyperventilation during measurement by the helium closed circuit method. RESULTS--Patients with a sighing pattern of breathing had a normal total lung capacity (TLC) but significantly different partitioning of lung compartments compared with normal subjects. The vital capacity (VC) was lower when measured by both spirographic and plethysmographic methods and RV was higher. The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was also lower in patients with sighing breathing. The FEV1/VC and the maximal expiratory flow rates at 50% and at 25% of the forced vital capacity (V50 and V25) were normal and similar in both groups. In normal subjects there were no differences in RV when measured during quiet or simulated sighing breathing. CONCLUSIONS--Subjects with sighing breathing have a normal TLC with a higher RV and lower VC than normal subjects. There was no obvious physiological or anatomical explanation for this pattern.
Phase II Trial of Amrubicin for Second-Line Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Results of the West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group Trial (WJTOG0401)
Authors: Hiroyasu Kaneda, Isamu Okamoto, Hidetoshi Hayashi, Hiroshige Yoshioka, Masaki Miyazaki, Shinzoh Kudoh, Tatsuo Kimura, Takamune Sugiura, Toshiyuki Sawa, Koji Takeda, Yasuo Iwamoto, Miyako Satouchi, Kenji Akita, Hiroshi Saito, Isao Goto, Kazuhiko Shibata, Masahiro Fukuoka, Kazuhiko Nakagawa
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Is stenting necessary after balloon dilation of post-transplantation biliary strictures? Results of a prospective comparative study
Authors: H. Kulaksiz, K. Weiss, D. Gotthardt, G. Adler, W. Stremmel, A. Schaible, A. Dogan, A. Stiehl, P. Sauer
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de H. Kulaksiz et al., pp. 746Endoscopy 2008; 40(09): 969-969DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306875
Clinical Evaluation of Diazoxide
Authors: FRANK A. FINNERTY, NIKOS KAKAVIATOS, JOHN TUCKMAN, JOHN MAGILL
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Forty-six hypertensive patients have received diazoxide intravenously. Three hundred milligrams (one ampule) administered rapidly undiluted resulted in a 27 per cent average reduction in mean arterial pressure in 1 to 2 minutes. During the next 3 to 5 minutes the arterial pressure increased gradually to a 15 per cent average reduction as compared to the control. The average duration of diazoxide in these patients was 4.7 ± 1.7 hours. No signs of postural hypotension, cerebral ischemia, or collapse were noted. At the peak of hypotensive action there was a 41 per cent average reduction in total peripheral resistance. Repeated doses of diazoxide in both nonpregnant patients with acute hypertension and pregnant patients with toxemia adequately controlled the arterial pressure and were not associatetd with the development of drug resistance. The standard dosage of 300 mg. (one ampule), the immediate onset of action and the moderately long duration of action, the maintenance of cardiac output, the lack of significant side effects, and the fact that it can be administered repeatedly without the development of drug resistance make diazoxide administered intravenously the ideal therapy for acute hypertension.
Contempo: Instrumented Spinal Fusions-Reply
Authors: Bernard F. Morrey
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —It is thoughtful of Dr Derian to update the medical community on important ongoing investigations apparently designed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of spine instrumentation. If the phrase "increased caution" referrable to the use of spine instrumentation is not accurate, there is at least "increased scrutiny" being applied to such surgery. This scrutiny is taking place with regard to the volume of spine surgery currently being performed as well as the regulatory status of the instrumentation being used. Well-constructed, prospective, controlled studies are important to resolve these areas of concern, and I hope these will be appearing in the peer-reviewed literature in increasing numbers.
An evolutionary niche for quantitative theoretical analyses?
Authors: Yasser Roudi, Alessandro Treves
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Striedter's book offers precious insight into the comparative neuroanatomy of vertebrate brains, but it stops short of addressing what their evolution is all about: how effectively neural networks process information important for survival. To understand the principles of brain evolution, neuroanatomy needs to be combined not only with genetics, neurophysiology, and ethology, but also with quantitative network analyses.
Mechanism of the tilt induced increase in collateral arterial resistance in patients with occlusion of the superficial femoral artery
Authors: K AGERSKOV, O HENRIKSEN, C LONHOLT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

Resistance in collateral arteries bypassing an occlusion of the superficial femoral artery was studied in five patients before and during epidural blockade. The patients were placed on a tilt table and the measurements were performed with the patients both in supine and tilted position (40 degrees head up). Arterial blood pressure was measured directly in the brachial, common femoral and popliteal artery. Relative and absolute blood flows were calculated as the relative change in arteriovenous oxygen difference and by an indicator dilution technique. Tilting caused a decrease in relative leg blood flow of 28%. The relative pressure gradient between the femoral and popliteal artery did not change significantly. Calculated relative collateral resistance increased by 49%. During epidural blockade blood flow increased by 39% in supine position corresponding to a decrease in collateral resistance of 22%. During blockade tilting caused a decrease in relative blood flow of 22% compared with the value in supine position. The relative pressure gradient over the occluded superficial femoral artery decreased by 14%. The corresponding calculated relative collateral resistance increased by 14%. The results indicate that the tilt induced constriction of the collateral arteries is mainly neurogenically mediated via the lumbar sympathetic chain, whereas local mechanisms only seems to play a minor role.
Doctors' competing interests in Medicare decisions go unchallenged
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The conflicts of interest of members of the committees that decide which drugs should be available to people on Medicare are so poorly monitored that financial interests could be influencing decisions, claims a report from federal investigators.1

Medicare’s prescription drug program, known as Part D, provides optional drug benefits to more than 30 million beneficiaries of Medicare. The Centers for …
Association Between Admission Supine Systolic Blood Pressure and 1-Year Mortality in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for Acute Chest Pain
Authors: Ulf Stenestrand
Journal: JAMA (2010)

High resting blood pressure (BP) is among the best studied and established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the relationship between BP under acute stress, such as in acute chest pain, and subsequent mortality.To study long-term mortality related to supine BP in patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) for acute chest pain.Data from the RIKS-HIA (Registry of Information and Knowledge About Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admissions) was used to analyze the mortality in relation to supine admission systolic BP in 119,151 participants who were treated at the ICU for the symptom of chest pain from 1997 through 2007. Results from this prospective cohort study were presented according to systolic BP quartiles: Q1, less than 128 mm Hg; Q2, from 128 to 144 mm Hg; Q3, from 145 to 162 mm Hg; and Q4, at or above 163 mm Hg.Total mortality.Mean (SD) follow-up time was 2.47 (1.5) years (range, 1-10 years). One-year mortality rate by Cox proportional hazard model (adjusted for age, sex, smoking, diastolic BP, use of antihypertensive medication at admission and discharge, and use of lipid-lowering and antiplatelet medication at discharge) showed that participants in Q4 had the best prognosis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-0.80, Q4 compared with Q2; corresponding risks for Q1 were HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.39-1.52, and for Q3, HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79-0.87). Patients in Q4 had a 21.7% lower absolute risk compared with Q2, patients in Q3 had a 15.2% lower risk than in Q2, and patients in Q1 had a 40.3% higher risk for mortality than in Q2. The worse prognosis in Q2 compared with Q4 was independent of body mass index and previous diagnoses and similar when analysis was restricted to patients with a final diagnosis of angina or myocardial infarction (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.71-0.80, Q4 compared with Q2).Among patients admitted to the ICU for chest pain, there is an inverse association between admission supine systolic BP and 1-year mortality rate.
DECREASED TELOMERE LENGTH AND INCREASED INCIDENT ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AMONG PATIENTS REFERRED FOR ANGIOGRAPHY FOLLOWING THE TERRORIST ATTACK ON THE UNITED STATES, SEPTEMBER 11, 2001
Authors: John Carlquist, Stacey Knight, Richard M. Cawthon, Benjamin Horne, Jeffrey S. Rollo, John Huntinghouse, J. Muhlestein, Jeffrey Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)