tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise-induced respiratory symptoms: Predictors for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and vocal cord dysfunction
Authors: Jasna Rodman, Tita Butenko, Dusanka Lepej, Marina Praprotnik, Uros Krivec
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) are frequent causes of exercise-induced dyspnea. The two entities can coexist, which is difficult to differentiate and manage properly.   Aim:  To identify risk factors for EIB, VCD and their combination from patients9 gender, history and pulmonary function tests.   Methods:  We performed a two year retrospective analysis of patients referred to our tertiary pulmonary centre because of respiratory complaints on exercise. They underwent exercise bronchial provocation testing. EIB was defined as ≥10% fall in %FEV1 from the pre-exercise level. VCD was diagnosed if exercise-induced inspiratory stridor was observed by a physician, or visualised by flexible laringoscopy during exercise testing. Sex, atopy, positive family history for asthma, %FEV1 and vital capacity (VC) were used as predictor variables in logistic regression model to assess the odds ratio (OR) for EIB, VCD and their combination.   Results:  Records from 79 patients (64.6% girls), mean age 15.4 yrs. (SD 2.3) were included. Atopy was present in 55.7% of patients and positive family history for asthma in 36.7%. Mean %FEV1 was 104.3 (SD 14.6) and mean VC 98.0% (SD 13.1%). The model for VCD showed significant relationships for sex ( p =.019, girls having 9.3 times higher odds for VCD), VC ( p =.04, OR 1.1), and %FEV1 ( p =.005, OR 0.9). The models for EIB and for EIB with VCD combined showed no significant relationship with predictor variables.   Conclusion:  EIB is best diagnosed with exercise testing. For VCD, our data show potential predicting value of gender and results of pulmonary function tests.
The Management of Dental Problems Presenting to an Accident and Emergency Department
Authors: A Pennycook, R Makower, A Brewer, C Moulton, R Crawford
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1993)

Patients with dental diagnoses, not necessarily traumatic, often present to accident and emergency departments and general medical practitioners. Few doctors have received much, if any, education in the management of these patients. A 6 month prospective study revealed 107 patients (0.3% of new attenders) attending the accident and emergency department of Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Only 19 of these had suffered trauma. Medical staff in the department were only rarely able to make any diagnosis, and management of these patients took place on an empirical, symptomatic basis. Management could be improved by better education of medical students and doctors. Use of an algorithm may be appropriate.
Sphingolipids
Authors: J A Shayman
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

Glycerophospholipids have long been recognized as substrates for the formation of important intracellular second messengers. Recently, another class of membrane-associated lipids, sphingolipids, has been identified as potentially important in cell-signaling events. Ceramides, long-chain bases, and sphingosine derivatives may be mediators of cellular growth, differentiation, and programmed death responses. These lipids have been proposed to act through the regulation of cell kinases, phosphatases, and gene transcription. Observations of sphingolipid abnormalities in two examples of aberrant renal growth, diabetes mellitus and autosomal recessive kidney disease, suggest that sphingolipids may play a role in the pathophysiology of common renal disorders.
Effect of front-line therapy with fludarabine, cytarabine, filgrastim, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin (FLAG-GO) on outcome in core-binding factor associated acute myelogenous leukemia (CBF-AML).
Authors: G. Borthakur, E. Jabbour, X. Wang, J. E. Cortes, F. Ravandi Kashani, T. M. Kadia, J. Bass, M. Brandt, H. Kantarjian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

6552 Background: To compare survival outcomes among patients (pts) with CBF-AML treated with a regimen of fludarabine, cytarabine, filgrastim, and GO (FLAG-GO) or with idarubicin, cytarabine ± filgrastim (IA/IAG) regimen. Methods: Outcomes of pts with previously untreated CBF-AML enrolled in sequential clinical protocols at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center were reviewed and survival outcomes were compared in a fitted multivariate Cox model. Results: Between 1999 and 2009, 153 pts with CBF-AML [Inversion 16=84 (55%), t (8;21) = 69 (45%)] were enrolled on front-line protocols. Median age was 43 yrs, range (16-83 yrs) and median overall survival (OS) was 12.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) of 5.2 years; not reached]. Sixty-eight pts (44%) died or relapsed (event). The median time to event was 5.2 years (95% CI of 1.6 years; not reached). Forty-seven (31%) pts were treated with IA/IAG and 39 pts (25%) were treated with FLAG-GO. The induction/consolidation regimens are summarized in the Table. On multivariate analysis that included age, performance status, bilirubin, creatinine, hemoglobin, WBC, platelet counts, and treatment, treatment with FLAG-GO was associated with an improved event- free survival (EFS) compared to IA/IAG (p= 0.01, hazard ratio for IA/IAG=3.20, 95% CI 2.04-4.36) but not with improved OS (p=0.11). Conclusions: Front-line therapy of CBF-AML with FLAG-GO results in superior EFS compared with IA-based regimens. Regimen Induction All doses in mg/m2 /d × days Postremission Fludarabine(F) Cytarabine(A) Idarubicin(I) Gemtuzumabozogamicin (GO) G-CSF IA 1,500 × 4, CI 12 × 3 A (100 mg/ m2/d ×5), IA× 6-12 months IAG 1,500 × 4, CI 12 × 3 5 mcg/kg/dayDay-1 to 5±1 A (100 mg/ m2/d × 5), IAG × 6-12 months FLAG-GO 30 × 5 2,000 IV days 1-5 3 IV on day 1 5 mcg/kg/dayday 1 to 5 ± 1 FLAG±GO days 1-4 x 6 cycles No significant financial relationships to disclose.
DNA Content of Liver Cell Nuclei of &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-2-Fluorenylacetamide-Induced Altered Foci and Neoplasms in Rats and Human Hyperplastic Foci&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: H Mori, T Tanaka, S Sugie, M Takahashi, G M Williams
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The DNA content of cell nuclei of liver lesions induced in inbred male ACI rats by administration of 0.02% N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) diet was measured with a microspectrophotometer in Feulgen-stained specimens. Altered liver foci of the eosinophilic, clear, and simple basophilic (toluidine blue weakly positive or negative) types had modal DNA values with a wider deviation (2C-10C) than the euploid pattern of normal hepatocytes (2C-6C). However, the DNA histograms of cells in hyperbasophilic (intensely toluidine blue-positive) foci were aneuploid (2C-18C) and resembled those of cells in hepatocellular carcinomas (2C-23C). Conversely, the modal DNA values of neoplastic nodules showed a narrower range (2C-12C). These results confirm that the hyperbasophilic foci may be a population similar to carcinoma in situ or may be a direct precursor lesion of hepatocellular carcinoma. In the livers from 4 humans, 3 of whom had a history of long-term use of some drugs, multiple hyperplastic foci resembling eosinophilic or clear cell foci in rats were identified. The modal DNA values of the cell nuclei in these foci showed a wider deviation (2C-10C) than in surrounding hepatocytes (2C-6C). In 2 patients, the lesions contained neoplasms and, therefore, hyperplastic foci in humans may be related to tumor development.
How many colorectal cancer (CRC) patients older than 70 years may be safely treated with bevacizumab?
Authors: L. M. Pasetto, C. Falci, G. Sinigaglia, A. A. Brandes, S. Monfardini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

13589 Background: While age-associated comorbidities are not usually an obstacle to the administration of chemotherapy regimens for CRC, they could instead limit the access to an anti-angiogenic therapy. Hypertension, proteinuria, arterial thrombosis, bleeding and gastrointestinal perforation are the principal bevacizumab (Avastin®)-related events. The aim of this analysis was to estimate the percentage of patients ≥ 70 years potentially amenable with bevacizumab, taking into account age-associated cardiovascular, gastrointestinal (GI) or kidney diseases possibly interfering with its administration. Methods: From January 2004 to December 2005, 91 consecutive patients older than 70, with histologically proven CRC adenocarcinoma for whom chemotherapy had been planned (44 as an adjuvant treatment, 30 as a palliative therapy, 17 for a neoadjuvant program) and entered in our Geriatric Oncology Program, were analysed. Principal variables considered were age and the afore mentioned comorbidities. Results: Median age was 76 years (range, 70–84) and the male:female ratio, 62:28. Sixty-five patients (71.4%) had associated comorbidities. Of these, 39 had cardiovascular-, 17 had cardiovascular and GI-, 5 GI-, 2 kidney and cardiovascular-, and 2 kidney, cardiovascular and GI-associated diseases. Twenty nine out 91 (31.9%) cases presented a grade ≥ 2 either cardiovascular or GI or kidney comorbidities according to the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric (CIRS-G) score, 36 (39.5%) a grade 1 and 26 (28.6%) no comorbidities. Conclusions: In view of the most common bevacizumab-related adverse events, almost one third of our CRC patients with cardiovascular, GI- or kidney- associated diseases of CIRS grade ≥ 2 could have been considered at high risk for its administration. Also in about 40% of patients with CIRS grade 1 still the use of bevacizumab could have been questionable. Then less than in one third of our patients older than 70 years bevacizumab could have been safely administered. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Improving Post–Intensive Care Unit Neuropsychiatric Outcomes
Authors: Ramona O. Hopkins, Mary R. Suchyta, Thomas J. Farrer, Dale Needham
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<Neurobiological Effects o...Brain Morphological Effec...Neuropsychiatric Effects ...Implications for ICU Pati...ConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Predictive factors of recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Meriem Mjid, Chirine Moussa, Sonia Toujani, Nidhal Balloum, Yassine Ouahchi, Nozha Ben Salah, Abdelmajid Ben Hmida, Bechir Louzir, Nadia Mhiri, Jouda Cherif, Majed Beji
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Recurrent tuberculosis (RT) is an issue that makes worldwide eradication of the disease difficult, especially in endemic areas such as Tunisia. In order to avoid this complication ,  intervention should be targeting on risk factors. This study aims to investigate these factors. It9s a case controlled study, comparing 2 groups of patients with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB): a relapse group (RG) (n=24) and a control group (CG) (n=23). The RG has been studied during the first TB before recurrence. The CG consists of randomly selected patients, among those hospitalized for pulmonary TB, treated and cured without RT by a period of at least 5 years. HIV-positive patients were excluded. RT was defined by occurrence of a new episode of TB in a patient previously treated and declared as cured. From 2003 to 2013, RT incidence was 2.5%. There was no difference in sex or average age of the two groups. Tobacco and alcohol consumption were more common in the RG ( p 5). No difference was found regarding to clinical signs except that hemoptysis, dyspnoea and decline of general condition were more frequent in the RG( p ). Tuberculin skin test was negative in 79.2% of RG vs 50% of CG( p ). Radiological lesions were more extensive in RG( p ). Discontinuation of TB treatment was more common in the RG( p ). No difference was noted in drug adverse reactions. Sputum negativity was delayed in the RG( p ). There was significant difference in drug resistance. This study demonstrates that RT is more frequent among smoking and alcoholic patient presenting extensive TB lesions and who are non-compliant. These findings should lead clinicians to be vigilant with these patients to avoid emergence of TB drug resistance.
LSC 2011 Abstract: Histological markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis provide evidence of an alternative repair process
Authors: Nicola Lomas, Nicholas Forsyth, Monica Spiteri
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Wound remodelling in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has produced conflicting results from previous cell culture and animal model studies.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine wound remodelling mechanisms in usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), with emphasis on the role of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to assess cellular expressions of markers of EMT in paraffin embedded lung tissue samples from 21 patients with IPF, with comparisons made to histologicaly-defined normal lung sections from 19 control subjects.

Results: Hyperplastic type II pneumocytes in all UIP cases expressed the adhesion molecule E-cadherin with no expression of N-cadherin or TWIST. Expression of TWIST was restricted to the fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. TGF-β protein was consistently expressed by type II pneumocytes of UIP samples, but to varying degrees within the fibroblastic foci. Collagen I and smooth muscle actin were expressed in the fibroblastic foci.

Conclusions: Myofibroblasts may form a contractile repair response to a micro-injury via secretion of extracellular matrix proteins, providing scaffolding for type II pneumocytes which then divide at the edge of the insult and migrate over the fibroblastic foci surface. TGF-β signalling pathways may lead to the continued accumulation of type I collagen in the foci. Alternatively, abnormal collagen I is produced which is resistant to matrix metalloproteinases inhibiting wound repair. We conclude that tissue remodelling in IPF is a complex processes warranting further investigations to fully elucidate the role of EMT in the pathogenesis of IPF.
Response of Canine Mast Cell Tumors to Radiation2
Authors: Graeme S. Allan, Edward L. Gillette
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Journal Article Response of Canine Mast Cell Tumors to Radiation Get access Graeme S. Allan, M.V.Sc., Graeme S. Allan, M.V.Sc. 4 3Comparative Oncology Unit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo. 80523. 4Address reprint requests to Dr. Allan at his present address: New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward L. Gillette, D.V.M., Ph.D. Edward L. Gillette, D.V.M., Ph.D. 3Comparative Oncology Unit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo. 80523. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 63, Issue 3, September 1979, Pages 691–694, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/63.3.691 Published: 01 September 1979 Article history Received: 02 August 1978 Accepted: 05 January 1979 Published: 01 September 1979
A phase II trial of the multitargeted kinase inhibitor E7080 in advanced radioiodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
Authors: S. I. Sherman, B. Jarzab, M. E. Cabanillas, L. F. Licitra, F. Pacini, R. Martins, B. Robinson, D. Ball, J. McCaffrey, M. H. Shah, D. Bodenner, R. Allison, K. Newbold, R. Elisei, J. P. O'Brien, M. Schlumberger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

5503 Background: E7080 is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR1-3, FGFR1-4, RET, KIT and PDGFRβ. In phase I studies of E7080 partial responses (PR) were observed in thyroid as well as melanoma, endometrial, and renal cancers. Methods: Between Oct 2, 2008 and Feb 5, 2010, patients (pts) with advanced, RAI-refractory DTC (papillary, follicular or Hurthle Cell) and disease progression demonstrated by RECIST during the prior 12 months were enrolled. Pts may have received prior VEGFR targeted therapy. Pts were treated with a starting dose of E7080 24 mg once daily in 28 day cycles until disease progression or development of unmanageable toxicities. Primary end point was Response Rate (RR) by RECIST. Results: 58 pts were enrolled (med age: 62; M:59%, F:41%) and are evaluable for response. 35% of pts required dose reduction for management of toxicity, and 23% were withdrawn from therapy due to toxicity. The most common adverse events were hypertension 64% (Gr 3: 4%), fatigue 55% (Gr3: 7%), diarrhea 45% (Gr3: 5%), decreased appetite 44% (Gr3: 2%), weight loss 43% (Gr3: 4%), and proteinuria 39% (Gr3: 7%). 5 pts (8.6%) experienced Gr 4 events. Confirmed PRs were observed in 29 pts (RR: 50%, 95% CI: 37-63) based on investigator assessment. 65% of responses were identified at first on-therapy imaging at ~8 wks. For pts who received prior VEGFR-directed treatment (n=17) RR=41%; with no prior VEGFR-directed treatment (n=41) RR=54%. Median PFS is 12.6 mo (95% CI: 10.4-14.1) (based on minimum 8 mo. f/u, with only 34% events observed). Updated PFS will be reported. Conclusions: E7080 administered orally at a dose of 24 mg once daily to patients with RAI refractory DTC is associated with manageable toxicity and a RR of 50%, identifying E7080 as a promising new potential therapeutic agent for treating patients affected with this disease which has very limited therapeutic options at present.
Identification of p-stage I NSCLC patients with high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis by tumor marker index (TMI)
Authors: Thomas Muley, Hans Hoffmann, Hendrik Dienemann, Michael Thomas, Felix Herth, Michael Meister
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

TMI has been shown to be a prognostic factor in early stage NSCLC (Muley et al., Lung Cancer, 60: 408-415, 2008).  The objective of the study was to analyse the value of TMI to predict tumour relapse in completely resected p-stage I NSCLC patients.  112 patients entered the study (71 male/41 female; 37 SCC, 59 AC, 16 other NSCLC; relapse: n=33; death: n=20; median follow-up: 39.3 months). Preoperative markers were measured with immunoassays (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). TMI is defined as the geometric mean of normalized CEA and CYFRA 21-1 values. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 18.0 (Chicago, USA).  CEA (HR: 2.3, p=0.015) and CYFRA 21-1 (HR: 3.0, p=0.002) differed significantly between patients with low and high risk of tumour relapse. The differentiation was improved (HR: 3.6) by using TMI (cut-off 0.58). 3-year disease-free survival was 83.8% and 54.0%, respectively (p=0.001). 8/53 patients in the low risk group and 25/59 patients in the high risk group had tumour recurrence. The overall survival was 95.4% in low risk and 77.5% in high risk patients (p=0.001). TMI was found to be a significant prognostic factor (DFS, OS) in multivariate analyses. A small effect of adjuvant chemotherapy (n=20) could be seen in the high risk group. The relapse rate was 2/8 patients with adjuvant chemotherapy compared to 23/51 patients without adjuvant chemotherapy. In contrast, patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy in the low risk group had a higher rate (5/12) compared to patients without adjuvant chemotherapy (3/41).  Patients with elevated TMI levels were shown to be at an increased risk of relapse and might therefore be appropriate candidates for adjuvant therapy.
Hormonal therapy prolongs survival in irradiated locally advanced breast cancer: a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Randomized Phase III Trial.
Authors: H Bartelink, R D Rubens, E van der Schueren, R Sylvester
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To assess the long-term contribution of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) and hormonal therapy (HT) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer, and to evaluate the impact of time of analysis on the results during accrual and up to 8 years after closure of a randomized phase III trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a trial using a factorial design, 410 patients were randomized between radiotherapy (RT) alone, RT plus CT, RT plus HT, and RT plus HT plus CT. RESULTS CT and HT each produced a significant prolongation of the time to locoregional tumor recurrence and to distant progression of disease, with the combined treatments providing the greatest therapeutic effect. At the time of trial closure, a significant improvement of survival was observed in patients who received CT (P = .004); however, with a longer follow-up duration, this effect disappeared (P &gt; .05). HT did not initially appear to improve survival (P = .16); however, in the latest analysis with a long-term follow-up duration, a significant improvement of survival was seen (P = .02). A consistent 25% reduction in the death hazards ratio has been seen at all evaluations since trial closure in patients who received HT. The best survival results were observed in patients who received RT, HT, and CT (P = .02), with a reduction of 35% in the death hazards ratio. CONCLUSION An improvement in survival attributable to HT has been shown in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. The greatest therapeutic effect was seen in the treatment group that received both CT and HT. The improvement obtained with HT became apparent only after long-term follow-up evaluation.
The impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on preoperative inflammatory markers in lung cancer patients
Authors: Maria Tereza Morano, Guilherme Silva, Amanda Araújo, Manoel Moraes Filho, Antero Gomes Neto, Eanes Pereira, Rafael Siqueira, Juliana Silveira, Juliana Pinto, Francisco Nascimento, Rafael Mesquita
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Lung cancer (LC) is a malignant aggression which can be also surgically treated characterized by inflammation and higher mortality rates. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) on preoperative inflammatory markers LC patients. Controlled clinical trial with 31 patients, stages IA to IIIA, randomized into Group A (GA) undergone PR and the control group - Group B (GB) undergone respiratory therapy (RT). Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, upper limbs muscle strength, maximum and submaximal exercise capacity, Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), quality of life through Short-form36 (SF36), fibrinogen and albumin were evaluated before and after a 4 weeks of the protocols. GA performed aerobic physical training, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength training. GB performed lung expansion techniques. The study was approved by the institution’s ethic committee. There was in GA significant improvements in FVC, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), expiratory pressure (MEP), walked distance, upper limb maximum load, treadmill inclination, submaximal exercise capacity, anxiety, depression and Physical Component Summary (PCS) of quality of life and fibrinogen. In GB there was significant increase in MIP and reduction in fibrinogen. Other variables GB did not show any significant results. When comparing results between groups there was significant difference in the walked distance, upper limb strength, inclination, endurance, anxiety, depression, PCS and fibrinogen. PR had impact on the reduction of fibrinogen, clinical improvements, quality of life, anxiety and depression.
Respiratory function measurements in infants: measurement conditions. Working Group of the European Respiratory Society and the American Thoracic Society
Authors: C Gaultier, ME Fletcher, C Beardsmore, S England, E Motoyama
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

*Hopital Antoine Beclere, Clamart, France. **Institute of Child Health, University of London, London, UK. †Dept of Child Health, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK. ††Dept of Pediatrics, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. §Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Chairmen of the Working Group: J. Stocks, London, UK; W. Morgan, Tucson, USA. This paper is being copublished and copyrighted with the Amercian Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Introduction