tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selection of medical students
Authors: D. Howes
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Are trust doctors the new lost tribe?Editor-The number of trust doctors (doctors in non-training grades) in the United Kingdom is rising as trusts try to meet both service and hours requirements and are unable to employ more doctors in training.The Department of Health has no code for trust doctors so its annual census cannot show how many there are.We surveyed the human resource departments in each acute trust in Yorkshire by postal questionnaire; nine out of 10 replied.We found that the number of trust doctor posts has increased at least fivefold over the past four years, and the current number will more than double in the near future on the basis of trusts' stated plans (figure).We sent separate questionnaires to 63 of a sample of 81 trust doctors in the region; 36 (57%) replied.They were asked questions about educational provision and supervision, reasons for being in the post, previous clinical experience, career aspirations, work patterns, and pay.With regard to education and training, 16 trust doctors reported that they had an educational supervisor and only six had appraisals.Although 32 trust doctors had been granted study leave, only 25 received funding for this.Surprisingly, 15 trust doctors rated their work as equivalent to that of a senior house officer and 21 as equivalent to a specialist registrar.Most of the doctors were United Kingdom graduates ( 16), with eight being from the Indian subcontinent, five from Africa and the Middle East, and one from the European Economic Area.The most common career aim was a consultant post in the United Kingdom (21 doctors), and the main reasons for taking a post as a trust doctor were as a "stop gap" or to gain
A common framework for language comprehension and language production?
Authors: Robert J. Hartsuiker, Martin J. Pickering
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Natural language processing involves a tight coupling between action (the production of language) and perception (the comprehension of language). We argue that similar theoretical principles apply to language processing as to action/perception in general. Language production is not driven solely by the speaker's intentions; language comprehension is not only input-driven; production and perception use common representations. We will relate recent findings from our language production lab to the Theory of Event Coding (TEC)'s principle of feature binding.
Abstract 13255: RB006, a Direct Factor IX Inhibitor Results in Consistent and Near Complete Inhibition of Factor IX in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes: A RADAR Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Substudy
Authors: Thomas J Povsic, William A Wargin, Mauricio G Cohen, Roxana Mehran, Christoph Bode, Joshua Krasnow, Merill Krolick, Christopher P Rusconi, Steven L Zelenkofske, Richard A Becker, John H Alexander
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: The REG1 system consists of RB006, a direct FIXa inhibitor, and RB007, its active control agent. RB006 produces consistent and near complete inhibition of factor IXa in healthy controls...
Hodgkin Disease/Lymphoma
Authors: Richard T. Hoppe, Ranjana Hira Advani, Richard F. Ambinder, Philip J. Bierman, Clara D. Bloomfield, Kristie Blum, Bouthaina Dabaja, Benjamin Djulbegovic, Andres Forero, Leo I Gordon, Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, Melissa M. Hudson, Mark S. Kaminski, Gena Love, David G. Maloney, David Mansur, Peter M. Mauch, Joseph O. Moore, Russell J. Schilder, Lawrence M. Weiss, Jane Norma Winter, Joachim Yahalom, Andrew D. Zelenetz
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2008)

Hodgkin disease/lymphoma (HD/HL) is an uncommon malignancy; in 2008, an estimated 8220 new diagnoses and 1350 deaths will occur in the United States. The past few decades have seen significant progress in the management of HL; it is now curable in at least 80% of patients. In fact, cure rates for HL have increased so extensively that the overriding treatment considerations often relate to long-term toxicity, especially for patients with early- or intermediate-stage disease. The World Health Organization classification divides HL into 2 main types: classical and lymphocyte-predominant HL (CHL and LPHL). These guidelines discuss clinical management, focusing exclusively on patients from postadolescence through the seventh decade of life who do not have serious intercurrent disease. For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org
Abstract 1718: Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) is a critical determinant of cellular sensitivity to PARP inhibitors
Authors: Junko Murai, Rozenn Josse, James H. Doroshow, Yves Pommier
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARP) are DNA damage sensors and major repair factors for DNA single-strand breaks. Since the discovery of the synthetic lethality of PARP inhibitors in homologous recombination-deficient cells, the mechanism by which PARP inhibitors exert their cytotoxicity has been dominantly interpreted as an accumulation of unrepaired single-strand breaks resulting from catalytic PARP inhibition. We recently reported that several PARP inhibitors have an additional cytotoxic mechanism by trapping PARP-DNA complexes (1). BMN 673 is the most potent PARP inhibitor to date in terms of cytotoxicity and PARP trapping potency (2). Nevertheless, the NCI60 data show that half of the 60 cell lines are tolerant to BMN 673. To elucidate the mechanisms of tolerance, we searched for genes with expression levels correlated to BMN 673 sensitivity, and found that Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) is one of the most positively correlated genes. Most cells without SLFN11 expression were tolerant to BMN 673. To examine the involvement of SLFN11 in BMN 673 sensitivity, we disrupted the SLFN11 gene in DU145 prostate cancer cells and EW8 Ewing's sarcoma cells where SLFN11 expression levels and BMN 673 sensitivities are high. Knocking out SLFN11 in DU145 and EW8 did not affect their cell growth or cell cycle progression under normal conditions, but diminished their hypersensitivity to BMN 673 and another PARP inhibitor, olaparib. Cell cycle analyses revealed that SLFN11-proficient cells arrested at S phase while SLFN11 deficient cells were able to progress to G2 phase in the presence of BMN 673. Interestingly, arresting points at S phase in SLFN11 proficient cells were earlier when more PARP-DNA complexes were induced, suggesting that SLFN11 inhibits DNA replication under DNA damage. Differential kinetics of DNA repair and PARP-DNA complex formation were observed between SLFN11 proficient versus deficient cells. Our data suggest that the expression of SLFN11 may be a novel genomic biomarker for PARP inhibitor sensitivity. 1. Murai J, Huang S-yN, Das BB, Renaud A, Zhang Y, Doroshow JH, et al. Trapping of PARP1 and PARP2 by Clinical PARP Inhibitors. Cancer Research. 2012;72:5588-99. 2. Murai J, Huang SN, Renaud A, Zhang Y, Ji J, Takeda S, et al. Stereospecific PARP trapping by BMN 673 and comparison with olaparib and rucaparib. Mol Cancer Ther. 2014; Submitted. Citation Format: Junko Murai, Rozenn Josse, James H. Doroshow, Yves Pommier. Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) is a critical determinant of cellular sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1718. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1718
Abstract 18315: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Conservative Therapy for Acute Management of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Authors: Marysia Tweet, Sharonne N Hayes, Amir Lerman, David R Holmes, Charanjit S Rihal, Rajiv Gulati
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objective: To evaluate outcomes of acute spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or conservative therapy. Background: SCAD is a non-atherosclerotic acute coronary syndrome that typically affects young otherwise healthy females. Whether SCAD with normal vessel flow at presentation should be managed with PCI or conservative therapy remains unknown. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients after a first SCAD episode (n=142). We excluded those treated with fibrinolysis (n=12) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG, n=8). We evaluated in-hospital and late outcomes in three SCAD groups: Vessel occlusion at presentation treated with PCI (Occ-PCI, n=30); normal vessel flow treated with PCI (NF-PCI, n=34) and those managed conservatively (CON, n=58). Results: Overall mean age was 42+9 years, 91% were female and 41% presented with STEMI. Outcomes are shown in the table below. In Occ-PCI, technical failure occurred in 8/30 (27%), of whom 5 required emergency CABG with one in-hospital death. Comparing NF-PCI with CON, there were no differences in clinical characteristics. Technical failure occurred in 16/34 (47%) of NF-PCI due to failure to cross with wire/device (8/34) or final loss of flow (8/34). Emergency CABG was required in 5 (15%). In CON, 54/58 had an uneventful in-hospital course. Four (7%) exhibited early dissection progression of whom two received PCI and one CABG. Long-term rates of target vessel revascularization, but not recurrent SCAD, were higher in NF-PCI vs CON (26% vs 9%, p=0.02; 24% vs 14%, p=0.23). Conclusions: PCI for acute SCAD is associated with high rates of technical failure and adverse clinical outcomes. In SCAD with normal vessel flow, conservative management may be preferable, with close early observation due to a hazard of progression of dissection. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring therapy to etiology of coronary obstruction.
Abstract 13871: Dominant Frequency Gradient Across Left Ventricular Wall During Ventricular Fibrillation in Ischemic vs. Dilated Cardiomyopathic Human Hearts
Authors: Talha Farid, Krishnakumar Nair, Stephane Masse, Kenneth Quadros, Kwaku Poku, Karthikeyan Umapathy, Elias Sevaptsidis, John Asta, Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Abstract 9572: Post-Stenotic Dilatation in Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Edda Bahlmann, Richard B. Devereux, Christoph A. Nienaber, Dana Cramariuc, Christa Gohlke-Baerwolf, Simon Ray, Kristian Wachtell, Karl Heinz Kuck, Eva Gerdts
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Post-stenotic aortic root dilation is often observed in aortic stenosis (AS) patients, but the relation to AS severity has not been reported from a large population of asymptomatic AS patients. Methods: Baseline data in 1223 patients with asymptomatic AS (mean age 67 years, 39% women) in the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study was used. Annular diameter was measured from inner to inner edge in mid-systole. Inner and leading edge aortic root diameter was measured at the levels of sinus of Valsalva, sinotubular junction and supracoronary. Predicted aortic diameters were calculated from age and body size adjusted equations derived in normal adults. Results: On average, mean aortic annulus diameter was 2% larger, sinus of Valsalva diameter 11% larger, sinotubular junction diameter 22% larger and supracoronary diameter 32% larger in SEAS participants than that predicted from body size. Enlarged aortic diameter was found in 42%, 78%, 96% and 98% of patients at these levels and associated with larger inner diameter and thicker aortic wall (both p&lt;0.01). In multivariate regression analysis, larger sinus of Valsalva or sinotubular junction diameter was independently associated with more severe AS (Table). Conclusions: Post-stenotic aortic root dilatation is common in asymptomatic AS with increasing prevalence from proximal to distal part. Aortic root dilation at the sinus of Valsalva and sinotubular junction level was associated with higher AS severity.
Abstract P445: A Randomized Controlled Trial Of A Cardiovascular Fixed-dose Combination Pill (polypill) Treatment Strategy Compared With Usual Care On Carotid Intima Media Thickness Progression In Individuals At High Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Melvin Lafeber, Alice Stanton, Simon Thom, Alun Hughes, Diederick E Grobbee, Anthony Rodgers, Michiel L Bots
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Aim: The use of fixed-dose combination (FDC) pills, frequently called polypills, containing aspirin, a statin and blood pressure (BP) lowering medication may improve medication adherence and consequently reduce cardiovascular risk. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and CIMT progression have been used as surrogate measures of cardiovascular risk. This study evaluated the effect of a polypill-based treatment strategy compared to usual care on CIMT progression. Methods: A study nested within the UMPIRE trial was performed to assess whether a polypill-based treatment strategy reduces CIMT progression compared to usual care. The study was a randomized, open label, blinded endpoint clinical trial in participants with established cardiovascular disease or at equivalent high risk (estimated five year cardiovascular risk of ≥15%). Two versions of the polypill were available. These contained aspirin 75 mg, simvastatin 40 mg, lisinopril 10 mg and either atenolol 50 mg or hydrochlorothiazide. The choices of polypill version and the components of usual care were made at the discretion of the physician. (http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01326676). Results: In total 296 participants in the polypill group and 290 participants in the usual care group had both a baseline and follow-up CIMT scan. Allocation to a polypill compared to usual care resulted in similar levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (mean difference: 0.0 mmol/L; 95%-confidence interval (CI): -0.1 to 0.1; p=0.41) and systolic BP (mean difference -1.7 mmHg; 95%-CI:-4.5 to 1.1; p=0.23) after a median follow-up duration of 1.00 year [IQR: 0.93 to 1.04 year]. The annualized rate of change in common CIMT in the polypill-based treatment strategy group (6.56 μm/year; standard error (SE): 4.76 μm/year) did not differ significantly from the rate of change in the usual care group (10.72 μm/year; SE: 4.76 μm/year; mean difference: -4.2 μm/year; 95%-CI: -17.0 to 8.7; p=0.53). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a polypill-based cardiovascular treatment strategy compared to usual care did not reduce the rate of progression of common CIMT during a one year follow-up interval in a well-treated population with cardiovascular disease. Importantly, CIMT progression was not adversely effected by the polypill-based treatment strategy.
Abstract 19798: Late Gadolinium Enhancement Pattern Predicts Prognosis in New Onset Heart Failure
Authors: Ankur Gulati, Sadaf Raza, Ravi Assomull, Ronak Rajani, Tevfik Ismail, Andrew Jabbour, Dan Jones, Georgios Manolis, Harith Alam, Ricardo Wage, Karen Symmonds, Dudley Pennell, Sanjay Prasad
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: In patients with LV dysfunction, patterns of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) may be used to differentiate between dilated and ischemic c...
Inter-machine variability in the stability of continuous positive airway pressure
Authors: M Jackson, MA King, JM Shneerson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Two studies were performed to investigate the differences in pressure stability performance of the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines used by our patients. The variations of mask pressures during each respiratory cycle were measured during overnight studies of two groups of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea, who were using either a Sleep-Easy III CPAP machine or a Si-Plan CPAP unit. The patients were well-matched for age, weight and neck circumference. The group using the Si-Plan unit had more constant mask pressures and were using lower CPAP pressures (mean 10.6 cmH2O) than those using the Sleep-Easy III machine (mean 13.8 cmH2O) (p less than 0.02). The pressure stability performance of five CPAP machines used by our patients was also compared using standardized simulated patient breaths produced by a negative pressure cuirass pump. There were large differences between the machines in ability to maintain a constant pressure. Using a tidal volume of 0.5 l and peak flow rates of between 20-40 l.min-1 the pressure variation ranged from 0-67% of the minimum inspiratory pressure. The maintenance of a constant pressure during inspiration and expiration lowers the mean pressure required to eliminate obstructive sleep apnoeas and reduces the likelihood of pressure related side-effects.
Abstract 1538: Molecular characterization of uterine leiomyomas, histopathological uterine leiomyoma subtypes, and uterine leiomyosarcomas
Authors: Netta Mäkinen, Kati Kämpjärvi, Ralf Bützow, Pia Vahteristo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Uterine leiomyomas (ULMs) are the most common tumors of the female genital tract. They originate from the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. Despite their benign nature, ULMs can cause considerable morbidity, such as excessive bleeding, abdominal pain, and infertility. They are also the most common cause for hysterectomy. Based on histopathology, ULMs can be divided into common leiomyomas and various subtypes, such as cellular, atypical, and mitotically active leiomyomas, that mimic malignancy in one or more aspects. Histopatological ULM subtypes are responsible for approximately 5% of all ULMs. In light of the current literature, ULMs may rarely undergo malignant transformation and develop into a leiomyosarcoma. We have previously reported that mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) exon 2 is mutated in approximately 70% of ULMs. Our subsequent studies have indicated that both histopathological ULM subtypes (17.5%) and uterine leiomyosarcomas (7%) harbor MED12 exon 2 mutations significantly less frequently than common leiomyomas. The aim of this study is to examine the frequency of other known aberrations in ULMs, such as overexpression of HMGA1 and HMGA2, in histopathological ULM subtypes and uterine leiomyosarcomas. The study material consists of 213 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples including 60 common leiomyomas, 93 histopathological ULM subtypes (cellular, atypical, and mitotically active leiomyomas), and 60 uterine leiomyosarcomas. We have constructed tissue microarrays of these distinct tumor groups for immunohistochemical stainings. In addition to HMGA1 and HMGA2 antibodies, various immunohistochemical markers, commonly used in gynecological pathology, will be utilized to analyze similarities and differences between the tumor groups. It is clinically relevant to identify tumor subtypes with different molecular genetic characteristics which might then lead to improved diagnosis, personalized medical treatments, and prognosis in the future. New knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the potential progression to malignancy is also essential, because, for example in the case of uterine leiomyosarcomas, diagnosis is often accidental and postoperative. Citation Format: Netta Mäkinen, Kati Kämpjärvi, Ralf Bützow, Pia Vahteristo. Molecular characterization of uterine leiomyomas, histopathological uterine leiomyoma subtypes, and uterine leiomyosarcomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1538. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1538
Evaluating Perioperative Outcomes and Efficiency Following Total Joint Arthroplasty in the United States and Canada
Authors: Andrew J. Schoenfeld
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

49. Hart A, Khalil JA, Carli A, Huk O, Zukor D, Antoniou J. Blood transfusion in primary total hip and knee arthroplasty: incidence, risk factors, and thirty-day complication rates. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014;96(23):1945-1951. 50. McIntyre L, Hebert PC, Wells G, et al; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Is a restrictive transfusion strategy safe for resuscitated and critically ill trauma patients? J Trauma. 2004;57(3):563-568.
Prevalence of pilus encoding islets among acute otitis media<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>isolates from Israel.
Authors: Monica Moschioni, Gabriella De Angelis, Sara Melchiorre, Vega Masignani, Eugene Leibovitz, Michèle A. Barocchi, Ron Dagan
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
High-dose chemotherapy with or without total body irradiation followed by autologous bone marrow and/or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin's disease: results in 85 patients with analysis of prognostic factors
Authors: A Nademanee, MR O'Donnell, DS Snyder, GM Schmidt, PM Parker, AS Stein, EP Smith, A Molina, DE Stepan, G Somlo
Journal: Blood (1995)
Senator Urges VA to “Break” Patents for High-Cost Hepatitis C Drugs
Authors: Laura Buchholz
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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Abstract 14692: Assessment of Pulmonary Vascular Volume and Lung Perfusion in Patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome in Fontan Circulation Using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Carsten Rickers, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Eileen Pardun, Dominik Gabbert, Chris Hart, Inga Voges, Ana Andrade, Jens Scheewe, Hans Heiner Kramer
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Data from catheter angiography indicate that children with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) in Fontan circulation have hypoplastic central pulmonary arteries. Therefore we utili...
Spinal bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in stage III multiple myeloma (MM): Correlation with clinical, laboratory and histologic findings, with initial response to treatment and with patient survival.
Authors: Frédéric Lecouvet, Lucienne Michaux, Augustin Ferrant, Jacques Malghem, Bruno Vande Berg, Nicole Straetmans, Jacques Jamart, Baudouin Maldague
Journal: Blood (1997)