tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase III study of intensive weekly chemotherapy with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor versus standard chemotherapy in extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer. The Japan Clinical Oncology Group.
Authors: K Furuse, M Fukuoka, Y Nishiwaki, Y Kurita, K Watanabe, K Noda, Y Ariyoshi, T Tamura, N Saijo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To evaluate the therapeutic significance of cisplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, and etoposide (CODE) plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) compared with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine, alternating with cisplatin and etoposide (CAV/PE) for extensive-disease (ED) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred twenty-seven patients were randomized. CODE consisted of cisplatin 25 mg/m2 weekly for 9 weeks; vincristine 1 mg/m2 on weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6; and doxorubicin 40 mg/m2 and etoposide 80 mg/m2 for 3 days on weeks 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. G-CSF 50 micrograms/m2 was administered on the days when chemotherapy was not administered. CAV/PE consisted of cyclophosphamide 800 mg/m2; doxorubicin 50 mg/m2; and vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 on day 1, which alternated every 3 weeks with cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 and etoposide 100 mg/m2 on days 1 to 3. RESULTS Overall response rates were 77% for the CAV/PE arm and 84% for the CODE arm respectively (15% complete response in both arms). The median survival times were 10.9 months in the CAV/PE arm and 11.6 months in the CODE arm (P = .1034). The achieved dose-intensity for CODE was approximately twice that for CAV/PE for those drugs common to both arms. The incidence of leukopenia did not differ between the two arms, but anemia and thrombocytopenia had a significantly higher incidence in the CODE arm. Four treatment-related deaths from neutropenic fever occurred in the CODE arm. CONCLUSION The CODE group had a similar median survival to the CAV/PE group. It does not appear that CODE is a useful approach to improve survival in ED SCLC.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Resection Versus Radiotherapy After Induction Chemotherapy in Stage IIIA-N2 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: J. P. van Meerbeeck, G. W. P. M. Kramer, P. E. Y. Van Schil, C. Legrand, E. F. Smit, F. Schramel, V. C. Tjan-Heijnen, B. Biesma, C. Debruyne, N. van Zandwijk, T. A. W. Splinter, G. Giaccone
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

BackgroundInduction chemotherapy before surgical resection increases survival compared with surgical resection alone in patients with stage IIIA-N2 non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We hypothesized that, following a response to induction chemotherapy, surgical resection would be superior to thoracic radiotherapy as locoregional therapy.
Abstract 622: S-equol, an estrogen receptor β agonist, inhibits tumor growth and progression of breast cancer
Authors: Cathy Samayoa, Naveen K. Krishnegowda, Samaya R. Krishnan, Ratna K. Vadlamudi, Rajeshwar R. Tekmal
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Breast cancer is the primary cause of cancer-associated mortality in women worldwide. Estrogen and the Estrogen Receptors (ER) play a significant role in breast cancer, with over two-thirds of breast cancers expressing ERα. Current endocrine therapy, such as aromatase inhibitors, target estrogen biosynthesis and anti-estrogens target ERα. However, therapeutic resistance frequently arises. In addition to the importance of ERα, ERβ has also been shown to play a critical, but opposing role in breast cancer. ERβ has been shown to inhibit the growth of ERα-positive breast cancer cells. The ratio of ERα to ERβ, in addition to the cross talk between ER's and growth factor signaling, has been implicated in the development of therapeutic resistance. Recently, several plant-derived compounds that exhibit ERβ agonist activity have been identified. S-equol is a potent ERβ agonist and a metabolite from the soy isoflavone daidzein, and has been previously shown to alleviate menopausal symptoms in a clinical trial. Activation of ERβ, or its over expression, shifts the balance of ER's from the oncogenic action of ERα to the tumor suppressor activity of ERβ, and therefore may be a valuable therapeutic approach in the treatment of breast cancer. In this study we sought out to determine the efficacy of the ERβ agonist, S-equol, in inhibiting the growth and progression of breast tumors using a syngeneic mouse model. We used mouse mammary tumor cells expressing endogenous ERβ, and to determine the contribution of ERβ, cells with knockdown of ERβ were generated using shRNA. ERβ mRNA and protein expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR and western blot respectively. Syngeneic tumors were established and mice were treated with either a vehicle control or S-equol. Treatment with S-equol reduces tumor volume and inhibits the progression of mouse mammary tumor cells in tumors expressing ERβ. Our mechanistic studies show that S-equol reduces the expression of ERα, and increases the expression of p53 and p27 in an ERβ dependent manner. Additionally, S-equol modulates the expression of inflammatory molecules involved in aromatase expression and promotes the differentiation of cancer stem cells. In conclusion, this study suggests that targeting ERβ may be a valuable strategy in treatment of breast cancer. Citation Format: Cathy Samayoa, Naveen K. Krishnegowda, Samaya R. Krishnan, Ratna K. Vadlamudi, Rajeshwar R. Tekmal. S-equol, an estrogen receptor β agonist, inhibits tumor growth and progression of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 622. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-622
Prognostic factors in COPD patients controlled in two outpatient clinics
Authors: Verónica Hernández, Patricia Sobradillo, Laura Tomás, Laura Cancelo, Francisco Javier Ribas, Mikel Azpiazu, Vanesa Zorrilla, Begoña Lahidalga, José Luis Lobo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

FEV1 and a number of composite indexes (BODE, U-BODE, ADO) predict mortality in the population of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at large. However, patients attending the specialized clinics of tertiary referral hospitals are often old and suffer severe or very severe airflow limitation. We aimed to compare the prognostic value of FEV1, BODE, U-BODE and ADO indexes in patients attending the outpatient clinics of Hospital de Cruces, a tertiary referral hospital in Bilbao (Spain).  Patients from two outpatient clinics were included. FEV1, BODE, U-BODE and ADO values were determined at recruitment and patients were followed up for a mean of 4.5 years.  We studied 106 patients (70.5±8.9 yrs.; FEV1 44.4±9.9 % of ref.), 35 of whom (33%) died during follow-up. In this population, FEV1 did not predict mortality, whereas BODE (p=0.001), U-BODE (p=0.000) and ADO indexes (p=0.003) did. BMI did not discriminate survival significantly but dyspnea (p=0.003), distance walked (p=0.000) and age (p=0.02) did.  In patients attending the outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral hospital, FEV1 is not a good prognostic marker, at variance to age, dyspnea, walked distance, ADO, BODE and U-BODE indexes.
Rheumatoid Arthritis During Pregnancy and Postnatal Catch‐Up Growth in the Offspring
Authors: Florentien D. O. de Steenwinkel, Anita C. S. Hokken‐Koelega, Maria A. J. de Ridder, Johanna M. W. Hazes, Radboud J. E. M. Dolhain
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during pregnancy and the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are associated with lower birth weight of the child. Moreover, treatment of the mothers with prednisone may shorten the gestational age at birth. Rapid catch-up in weight for length during the first year of life has been related to a worse cardiovascular and metabolic profile in early adulthood. This study was therefore undertaken to assess the influence of RA disease activity, medication use, and presence of RF or ACPAs during pregnancy on the growth of the child in the first year of life.Among 180 children born to mothers with RA, the tempo of catch-up in weight during the first year of life was studied. Independent variables were the extent of RA disease activity (according to the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints [DAS28]), medication use, and presence of RF or ACPAs during pregnancy.Of 167 children with available data, 52 (31%) showed catch-up in weight in the first year of life, of whom 90% (47 of 52) showed rapid catch-up. An elevated DAS28 score in the mother was associated with rapid catch-up in weight of the offspring, independent of maternal medication use or the presence of RF or ACPAs during pregnancy (odds ratio 1.44 [95% confidence interval 1.07-1.95] per 1-point increase in the DAS28). Use of medications during pregnancy had no influence on postnatal growth.Elevated RA disease activity during pregnancy should be avoided because it is associated with rapid postnatal catch-up in weight, a risk factor for a worse cardiovascular and metabolic profile in adults. Medication for RA during pregnancy, including prednisone, had no effect on growth. Continuation or extension of medication will not only improve maternal health during pregnancy, but could be beneficial for the future health of the unborn child.
Clinical relevance of C. pseudodiphtheriticum in lower respiratory tract specimens
Authors: Sonja Van Roeden, Steven Thijsen, Sanjay Sankatsing, Gijs Limonard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction :  C. pseudodiphtheriticum   (Cp)  may be present as commensal flora of the respiratory tract, but is increasingly being reported as a pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) (Manzella JP et al. Clin Infect Dis 1995;20:37-40).   Objectives : To assess clinical relevance of  Cp  as a lower respiratory tract pathogen and to describe patients at risk.   Methods : We retrospectively identified all lower respiratory tract cultures positive for  Cp  over a ten year period. Clinical relevance was assessed using predefined criteria and scored as 9likely9, 9possible9 or 9unlikely9.   Results : We identified 34 cultures in 28 patients. Clinical relevance of  Cp  was either likely or possible in 86%. Most patients had comorbidity (86%), notably cardiac (32%) or chronic pulmonary disease (64%).   Conclusion : Clinical relevance of  C. pseudodiphtheriticum  was either likely or possible in 86% of lower respiratory tract samples in patients with clinical signs and symptoms matching LRTI. Patients at risk are those with pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease.
Hidradenitis suppurativa: a disease of the absent sebaceous gland? Sebaceous gland number and volume are significantly reduced in uninvolved hair follicles from patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: S. Kamp, A.M. Fiehn, K. Stenderup, C. Rosada, B. Pakkenberg, K. Kemp, T.N. Dam, G.B. Jemec
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Hidradenitis suppurativa: a disease of the absent sebaceous gland? Sebaceous gland number and volume are significantly reduced in uninvolved hair follicles from patients with hidradenitis suppurativa Get access S. Kamp, S. Kamp Departments of DermatologyLeo Pharma, Ballerup, Denmark Søren Kamp. E‐mail: soka@regionsjaelland.dk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M. Fiehn, A.M. Fiehn Pathology, Roskilde Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Stenderup, K. Stenderup Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Rosada, C. Rosada Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Pakkenberg, B. Pakkenberg Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Kemp, K. Kemp Leo Pharma, Ballerup, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.N. Dam, T.N. Dam Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.B. Jemec G.B. Jemec Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 164, Issue 5, 1 May 2011, Pages 1017–1022, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10224.x Published: 01 May 2011
Prevalence of asthma in patients with bronchiectasis in Hong Kong
Authors: J Pang, HS Chan, JY Sung
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

Eighty five Chinese patients with diffuse or localized bronchiectasis (non-cystic fibrosis) were studied regarding the prevalence of asthma. Twenty three of the 85 had concomitant asthma, diagnosed by history and reversibility on lung function testing either spontaneously or after bronchodilator. None fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Asthma preceded the onset of bronchiectasis in 13 patients and developed after long duration of bronchiectasis in seven, while the temporal onset could not be differentiated in three patients. Patients with both asthma and bronchiectasis had inferior spirometric values, higher prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, higher prevalence of skin atopy, elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and more sputum eosinophilia, compared with their non-asthmatic counterparts. Possible mechanisms by which asthma and bronchiectasis predispose to each other include asthmatic obstruction contributing to development of bronchiectasis, and sensitization of airways with increased lability due to microbial colonization of the ectatic bronchial tree.
Association of baseline vitamin D levels with clinical parameters and treatment outcomes in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Magdy Elkhashab, Huy Trinh, Won Young Tak, Xiaoli Ma, Wan-Long Chuang, Yoon Jun Kim, Eduardo B. Martins, Lanjia Lin, Phillip Dinh, Prista Charuworn, Graham R. Foster, Patrick Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): RIETEÂ´s experience
Authors: José Luis Lobo Bersitain, Julia Amaranta García Fuertes, Erika Miranda Serrano, Ignacio Casado Moreno, José Luque Pinilla, Manuel Barrón Medrano, M. Monreal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

INTRODUCTION: IBD seem to predispose the develop of a thromboembolic acute event. AIM: To analyze clinical characteristics and comorbidities of patients with coexisting diagnosis of IBD and VTD. To Study if the coexistence of both is associated with increased mortality or adverse outcomes´s incidence during 30 and 90 days after diagnosis.METHODS: 49752 patients from RIETE were included, all of them diagnosed of VTD (PE or DVT).They were divided into 2groups:1 coexisting IBD and VTD and the other without IBD.Clinical, diagnosis, treatment and outcome characteristics were analyzed within 30 and 90 days after diagnosis.Student´s t test,Mann-Whitney for continuous variables.Fisher test for categorical variables.Statistical analysis with SPSS. P RESULTS: From 49752 patients,136 had VTD and IBD at the same time.They were more often male and younger.Clinical and outcomes characteristics for both groups are compared in the tables[table1]  . CONCLUSIONS: Patients with VTD associated with IBD are younger with less comorbidities.No differences were observed between cases presented as PE/DVT, as well as in severity of the cases presented as PE severity.The incidence for bleeding and thromboembolic recurrences is similar in both groups, even though the risk factors´s prevalence is lower in patients with IBD.The lower overall mortality at 90 days was probably due to age and comorbidities in patients with IBD.
Risk Factors for Hospitalization for a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation
Authors: JUDITH GARCIA-AYMERICH, EDUARD MONSÓ, RAMON M. MARRADES, JOAN ESCARRABILL, MIQUEL A. FÉLEZ, JORDI SUNYER, JOSEP M. ANTÓ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Although exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is important in terms of health and costs, there is little information about which are the risk factors. We estimated the association between modifiable and nonmodifiable potential risk factors of exacerbation and the admission for a COPD exacerbation, using a case-control approach. Cases were recruited among admissions for COPD exacerbation during 1 yr in four tertiary hospitals of the Barcelona area. Control subjects were recruited from hospital's register of discharges, having coincided with the referent case in a previous COPD admission but being clinically stable when the referent case was hospitalized. All patients completed a questionnaire and performed spirometry, blood gases, and physical examination. Information about potential risk factors was collected, including variables related to clinical status, characteristics of medical care, medical prescriptions, adherence to medication, lifestyle, quality of life, and social support. A total of 86 cases and 86 control subjects were included, mean age 69 yr, mean FEV1 39% of predicted. Multivariate logistic regression showed the following risk (or protective) factors of COPD hospitalization: three or more COPD admissions in the previous year (odds ratio [OR] 6.21, p = 0.008); FEV1 (OR 0.96 per percentual unit, p < 0.0005); underprescription of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) (OR 22.64, p = 0.007); and current smoking (OR 0.30, p = 0.022). Among a wide range of potential risk factors we have found that only previous admissions, lower FEV1, and underprescription of LTOT are independently associated with a higher risk of admission for a COPD exacerbation.Keywords: COPD; exacerbation; hospitalization; risk factors; case- control
Depletion of highly abundant proteins from human cerebrospinal fluid: a cautionary note
Authors: Ramona Günther, Eberhard Krause, Michael Schümann, Ingolf E. Blasig, Reiner F. Haseloff
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2015)

Affinity-based techniques, both for enrichment or depletion of proteins of interest, suffer from unwanted interactions between the bait or matrix material and molecules different from the original target. This effect was quantitatively studied by applying two common procedures for the depletion of albumin/gamma immunoglobulin to human cerebrospinal fluid. Proteins of the depleted and the column-bound fraction were identified by mass spectrometry, employing 18O labeling for quantitation of their abundance. To different extents, the depletion procedures caused the loss of proteins previously suggested as biomarker candidates for neurological diseases. This is an important phenomenon to consider when quantifying protein levels in biological fluids.
Effect of Specific Antiserum on the Metabolism of Membrane Antigens of Somatic Hybrids of Murine Leukemia Cells 2
Authors: Weitze Liang, Edward P. Cohen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Somatic hybrids of RADA-1 cells (a murine leukemia cell line) [thymus leukemia (TL) 1 ,2,3( + ), modulation(+), H-2a, Thy 1.2(+ )], and LM(TK)− cells (a thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of mouse LM-cells) (TL(−), H-2k, Thy 1.2(−)] formed TL antigens but failed to undergo antigenic modulation—the reversible disappearance of TL antigens from the surface membranes of the cells stimulated by specific antiserum. Eleven clonal isolates of hybrid cells were analyzed. Each possessed a hybrid karyotype and shared the H-2 antigens of both parental sources. Each expressed TL antigens, but the concentration of TL antigens expressed by the hybrids was less than half that expressed by RADA-1 cells. RADA-1 cells resisted the cytolytic effects of TL antiserum and guinea pig complement; nine of eleven hybrid clones lysed in the presence of TL antiserum and guinea pig complement, and the remaining two remained viable. The half-life of TL antigen expression by the hybrid cells was between 28 and 32 hours and was unaffected by TL antiserum; the half-life of TL antigens expressed by RADA-1 cells was 4 hours in the presence of TL antiserum and 16 hours in the absence of TL antiserum. The rate of TL antigen synthesis and “shedding” from the membranes of parental and hybrid cells was unaffected by TL antiserum. Hybrid cells and RADA-1 cells formed a putative tumor-associated antigen cross-reactive with a similar antigen formed by ASL-1 cells, a spontaneously occurring TL(+) murine leukemia cell line. Its half-life in RADA-1 cells, approximately 46 hours, and its half-life for each clone of RADA-1 × LM(TK)− cells, approximately 36 hours, was unaffected by exposure to specific antiserum. The differences between hybrid and parental leukemia cells in the antigens expressed, their density, rate of metabolic turnover, and responsiveness to specific antiserum were indications that these parameters were regulated by extrachromosomal substances originating in the genomes of the cells.
Author's Response: Developmental structure in brain evolution
Authors: Barbara L. Finlay, Richard B. Darlington, Nicholas Nicastro
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

First, we clarify the central nature of our argument: our attempt is to apportion variation in brain size between developmental constraint, system-specific change, and “mosaic” change, underlining the unexpectedly large role of developmental constraint, but making no case for exclusivity. We consider the special cases of unusual hypertrophy of single structures in single species, regressive nervous systems, and the unusually variable cerebellum raised by the commentators. We defend the description of the cortex (or any developmentally-constrained structure) as a potential spandrel, and weigh the implications of the spandrel concept for the course of human evolution. The empirical and statistical objections raised in the commentary of Barton are discussed at length. Finally, we catalogue and comment on the suggestions of new ways to study brain evolution, and new aspects of brain evolution to study.
Thermoneutral Housing Accelerates Metabolic Inflammation to Potentiate Atherosclerosis but Not Insulin Resistance
Authors: Xiao Yu Tian, Kirthana Ganeshan, Cynthia Hong, Khoa D. Nguyen, Yifu Qiu, Jason Kim, Rajendra K. Tangirala, Peter Tontonoz, Ajay Chawla
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Transplacental Carcinogenic Effects of Combined Treatment of Ethylurea and Sodium Nitrite in Rabbits23
Authors: R. R. Fox, B. A. Diwan, H. Meier
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Pregnant rabbits of three partially Inbred strains, WH/J, AXIJ, and IIIVO/J, were given ethylurea (EU) (100 mg/kg) plus sodium nitrite (NaN02) (50 mg/kg) by mouth on days 17, 18, and 19 of gestation. Controls were given either EU or NaN02 on the same days of gestation. Of 20 WH/J progeny that survived 1 month, 6 developed primary renal tumors at a mean age of 3.8 ± 0.8 months; no tumors had been induced in the 1-year-old offspring of rabbits given EU (0/12) or NaN02 (0/18) separately. In contrast to strain WH/J, AX/J progeny developed no tumors (0/8) during the first year of life from the combined treatment, whereas 1 of 2 IIIVO/J rabbits had a renal tumor. In all instances, the tumors were renal tubular cystadenomas, cystadenocarcinomas, or nephroblastomas, which appeared to develop within small renal cortical cysts. The data for strain WH/J were in accord with our previous report of primary renal tumors induced in progeny by the ip administrafion of 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea (ENU) to rabbits pregnant 18 days. Apparently, the combined treatment of rabbits with EU and NaN02 led to the formation in vivo of ENU.