tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Problems Facing the Negro In Medicine
Authors: William H. Sprunt
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> M. Alfred Haynes, MD (<b>209</b>:1067, 1969), may be correct in stating the problems facing the Negro in medicine today. He seems quite wrong in the solution he has for these problems, and his ardent apologia is not convincing either rhetorically or logically. Dr. Haynes advocates more black students in medical schools. Since "black students cannot, at the present time, be measured by the same standards" as their white counterparts, he favors selecting unqualified applicants. Specifically, he states that Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) scores should be ignored and selection based on interviews by compassionate and humane physicians. Most schools have reasonably compassionate and humane physicians on their selections committees today. I doubt if any school uses MCAT scores alone, even though the interview method of selection for any type of position has been shown to be very unreliable. In essence then, Dr. Haynes would continue the
Preventing Infections in the ICU
Authors: Preeti N. Malani
Journal: JAMA (2013)

role. Although this is a matter of speculation, errors with the ascertainment of baseline VRE colonization are one possibility. Given the established relationship between antimicrobial exposure and the density of VRE colonization in the gastrointestinal tract, some patients with low levels of VRE may have been misclassified due to a false-negative baseline culture. 7 Compared with rates of MRSA, rates of VRE acquisition were approximately 2-fold higher in both groups, lending additional support to the possibility that some of the VRE “acquisitions” simply reflect false-negative screening tests. The investigators did not measure the effect of gloves and gowns on
Abnormalities of von willebrand factor multimers in drug‐associated thrombotic microangiopathies
Authors: Deane Charba, Joel L. Moake, Margie A. Harris, Jeane P. Hester
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Six patients with thrombotic microangiopathy associated with drug therapy had serial analyses of von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimeric patterns in their EDTA‐plasma samples by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐1% agarose gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. In the plasma of five patients (one with chronic myelogenous leukemia, two with prostatic cancer, and two with lymphoma), vWF abnormalities were observed during evolution of the thrombotic microangiopathy. These abnormalities were either the presence of unusually large (UL)vWF multimers of the type similar to those found within, and released or secreted by, endothelial cells (three patients) or a relative decrease in the largest plasma vWF multimers of the type that can be induced to attach to platelets (one patient) or both vWF abnormalities in different serial samples (one patient). In the one cardiac transplant patient who did not develop vWF multimeric abnormalities associated with thrombotic microangiopathy, vWF antigen levels were elevated more than threefold. This later individual received therapy with cyclosporin A alone. The other five thrombotic microangiopathy patients received cyclosporin A in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents (two patients); mitomycin‐C, along with other chemotherapy (two patients); or multiple chemotherapeutic drugs, but not cyclosporin A or mitomycin C (one patient). The finding of vWF multimeric abnormalities during serial analysis of plasma samples from five of six patients with drug‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy suggests the possibility that ULvWF forms derived from damaged or stimulated endothelial cells, along with the largest plasma vWF multimers, may be involved in the intravascular platelet clumping that is an essential part of the pathophysiology of this disorder. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of human basophil histamine release by interleukin 5.
Authors: K Hirai, M Yamaguchi, Y Misaki, T Takaishi, K Ohta, Y Morita, K Ito, T Miyamoto
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Substantial evidence indicates a close relationship between eosinophils and basophils. We examined whether interleukin 5 (IL-5), known to be eosinophilopoietic and capable of selectively regulating eosinophil functions, has an affect on basophil functions. IL-5 enhanced basophil histamine release evoked by anti-IgE, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, or ionophore A23187 at picomolar concentrations. Direct action of IL-5 on human basophils was confirmed using highly purified basophil populations. These observations reveal the novel fact that IL-5 is able to modulate basophil functions as well as eosinophil functions, and suggest that normal human basophils possess functional receptors for IL-5.
[139] POST-ASPIRIN REYE'S SYNDROME IN YOUNG ADULTS: FREQUENT AGGRAVATION OF ENCEPHALOPATHY BY NEUROTROPIC DRUGS AND SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY
Authors: J.R. Bernuau, P. Ichai, V. Das, A. Mas, D. Cazals-Hatem, M. Bruguera, O. Chazouilleres, G. Offenstadt, F. Durand, D. Samuel, D. Valla
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
The Evolution of<i>Momordica</i>Cyclic Peptides
Authors: Tunjung Mahatmanto, Joshua S. Mylne, Aaron G. Poth, Joakim E. Swedberg, Quentin Kaas, Hanno Schaefer, David J. Craik
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Cyclic proteins have evolved for millions of years across all kingdoms of life to confer structural stability over their acyclic counterparts while maintaining intrinsic functional properties. Here, we show that cyclic miniproteins (or peptides) from Momordica (Cucurbitaceae) seeds evolved in species that diverged from an African ancestor around 19 Ma. The ability to achieve head-to-tail cyclization of Momordica cyclic peptides appears to have been acquired through a series of mutations in their acyclic precursor coding sequences following recent and independent gene expansion event(s). Evolutionary analysis of Momordica cyclic peptides reveals sites that are under selection, highlighting residues that are presumably constrained for maintaining their function as potent trypsin inhibitors. Molecular dynamics of Momordica cyclic peptides in complex with trypsin reveals site-specific residues involved in target binding. In a broader context, this study provides a basis for selecting Momordica species to further investigate the biosynthesis of the cyclic peptides and for constructing libraries that may be screened against evolutionarily related serine proteases implicated in human diseases.
Expression of connexin43 in the developing rat heart.
Authors: G I Fishman, E L Hertzberg, D C Spray, L A Leinwand
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Connexin43 is the predominant gap junction protein expressed in the heart. To determine the relation between cardiac maturation and gap junction gene expression, the developmental profiles of connexin43 mRNA and protein were examined in the rat heart. Connexin43 mRNA levels accumulate progressively (eightfold) during embryonic and early neonatal stages, accompanied by a parallel, but temporally delayed, accumulation of connexin43 protein (15-fold). As the heart matures further, both mRNA and protein levels subsequently decline, to about 50% and 30% of their maximum levels, respectively. These observations suggest that increases in intercellular coupling that characterize cardiac development do not depend solely on modulation of connexin43 gene expression, but rather are likely to involve organization of gap junction channels into the intercalated disc.
Abstract 4934: Up-regulation of microRNA-21 correlates with lower survival of kidney cancer
Authors: Mohd Saif Zaman, Guoren Deng, Varahram Shahryari, Kamaldeep Singh, Herman Sandhu, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract MicroRNA-21 is up-regulated in a variety of cancers, such as breast, colorectal, lung, head and neck, etc. However, the regulation of miR-21 in kidney cancer has not yet been studied systematically. We measured miR-21 levels in 40 pairs of kidney cancers and their normal matched tissues by real-time PCR. In 36 cases (90%), miR-21 was increased (ratios of miR-21 levels in tumors to normal tissues T/N were greater than 1.5). The expression level of miR-21 was correlated with 5 year survival and the stage of the patients. For patients with low miR-21 expression, all survived 5 years after the operation, while in case of high miR-21 expression, only 59% survived. In groups of patients having low expression (T/N &amp;lt;1.5), moderate high expression (T/N 1.5-10) and very high expression (T/N &amp;gt;10), the percent of early stage (Stage I) decreased: 100%, 76% and 43%, respectively. To study the biological effect of miR-21 up-regulation, a kidney cancer cell line A498 was transfected with miR-21 anti-miRNA inhibitor. The miR-21 level was reduced by more than 99%, as compared to the negative control. Flow cytometry analysis of the cell cycle showed a significant increase in G0/G1 phase (9.1%), with a concomitant reduction in the G2/M phase (6.8%), indicating that the forced reduction of miR-21 expression in A498 cells could inhibit the cell growth and cause G0/G1 arrest. Apoptosis assay using flow cytometry showed a significant increase in the number of total apoptotic cells in the miR-21 anti-miRNA inhibitor transfected cells as compared to the negative control. MiR-21 gene was mapped to chromosome 17q23, and increased copy numbers of this section, which includes oncogenes like erb-B2/HER-2, RPS6KB1, etc., were frequently present in cancers. We compared the miR-21 expression levels with the amplification of this section in 30 cancer cell lines, including 5 kidney cancer, 6 breast cancer, 15 colorectal cancer, 3 prostate cancer, and 1 bladder cancer. We observed a significant correlation between the amplification of 17q and high miR-21 expression. In conclusion, the up-regulated miR-21 in kidney cancer could be used as a tumor marker for diagnosis. The inhibition of miR-21 and/or its adjacent oncogenic genes may prove to be useful in controlling cancers with up-regulated miR-21. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4934. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4934
Genetic Ablation of Metadherin Inhibits Autochthonous Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Liling Wan, Guohong Hu, Yong Wei, Min Yuan, Roderick T. Bronson, Qifeng Yang, Javed Siddiqui, Kenneth J. Pienta, Yibin Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Metadherin (MTDH) overexpression in diverse cancer types has been linked to poor clinical outcomes, but definitive genetic proof of its contributions to cancer remains incomplete. In particular, the degree to which MTDH may contribute to malignant progression in vivo is lacking. Here, we report that MTDH is amplified frequently in human prostate cancers where its expression levels are tightly correlated with prostate cancer progression and poor disease-free survival. Furthermore, we show that genetic ablation of MTDH in the transgenic adenomcarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer blocks malignant progression without causing defects in the normal development of the prostate. Germline deletion of Mtdh in TRAMP mice prolonged tumor latency, reduced tumor burden, arrested progression of prostate cancer at well-differentiated stages, and inhibited systemic metastasis to distant organs, thereby decreasing cancer-related mortality ∼10-fold. Consistent with these findings, direct silencing of Mtdh in prostate cancer cells decreased proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, supporting an epithelial cell–intrinsic role of MTDH in prostate cancer. Together, our findings establish a pivotal role for MTDH in prostate cancer progression and metastasis and define MTDH as a therapeutic target in this setting. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5336–47. ©2014 AACR.
DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER
Authors: Thomas N. Meredith
Journal: JAMA (1949)

To the Editor:—  The editorial entitled Diagnosis of Cancer appearing on page 586 ofThe Journal, February 26, is disappointing. The writer failed to understand the spirit and stimulation of Dr. Greene's article in the Scientific American . This is evident in the first sentence, where the editor uses the word deprecatory to describe statements in Dr. Greene's article. Dr. Greene nowhere in his article disapproves of the standard and practical methods of diagnosis of cancer. What he does do is present a new tool for the study and appreciation of cancer. He points out that the bone of contention is the definition of cancer. If the method which he describes—that is, the heterologous transplantation method—will lead to a more accurate definition, it will be of extreme value, even if it proves to be of no value in any other respect.  The editorial writer calls for proof, and yet he distorts
EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF TUBERCULOSIS AND THE FAMILY DOCTOR
Authors: H. A. Burns
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Dec. 10, 1932, page 2050, was a communication from Dr. J. A. Myers relative to the indication at this time for the evaluation of our knowledge of tuberculosis. In considering tuberculosis and the possibility of reappraisal of our charge at this time, should not the position assumed by the family doctor be taken into consideration? In spite of all the time and energy of many enthusiastic lay workers directing clinics and other case finding agencies, the family physician remains the only one who has ever actually found a case. He has so well demonstrated his superiority in this particular field that it has been almost deserted by its recent champions. If the family doctor can prove himself the most competent case-finding agency, should not a step or two further in this direction be taken and the problem of postsanatorium convalescence and rehabilitation be made
Successful Endoscopic Resection of Intramural Metastasis After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: S. Tamura, K. Okagawa, S. Mizunoya, K. Kishi, S. Kim, T. Ukei, Y. Uemura, K. Miyauchi, T. Kaneko
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Carcinoma of the esophagus is often accompanied by intramural metastasis (IM) at the time of diagnosis, and the prognosis of patients with such metastasis is very poor. Here we report the case of a 60-year-old man who presented with a submucosal tumor in the wall of the cervical esophagus at 2 years after esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer. The tumor was resected endoscopically and was histologically shown to be an IM of esophageal cancer. He has shown no recurrence and no metastasis during 2 years of follow-up after endoscopic resection and radiation therapy.
Methods of Examination
Authors: Lester Rumble
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  During a recent advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) class we experienced an unusually high failure ratio in one of the work-shops. Part of the American Heart Association's (AHA) criteria for an ACLS instructor's class is for each participant to complete successfully eight workshops (performance stations) covering various skill areas of resuscitation. On the first day of the two-day class 15 students went through the static dysrhythmia work-shop. The workshop is followed with an examination on 13 dysrhythmias. For students to complete this section they must score 100%. The examination can be given by showing ECGs on an overhead projector, slide projector, or ECG recording paper. Twelve (80%) of 15 failed the examination when it was given via an overhead projector. Of the 15 students, eight were physicians, three were registered nurses, three were registered respiratory therapists, and one was a registered cardiopulmonary technologist. As a prerequisite to
Recurrent activating mutation in PRKACA in cortisol-producing adrenal tumors
Authors: Gerald Goh, Ute I Scholl, James M Healy, Murim Choi, Manju L Prasad, Carol Nelson-Williams, John W Kunstman, John W Kuntsman, Reju Korah, Anna-Carinna Suttorp, Dimo Dietrich, Matthias Haase, Holger S Willenberg, Peter Stålberg, Per Hellman, Göran Akerström, Peyman Björklund, Tobias Carling, Richard P Lifton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Efficacy and Risks of Moricizine in Inducible Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Roger Damle, Joseph Levine, Jeffrey Matos, Steven Greenberg, Rodney Brooks, William Frumkin, Jeffrey Goldberger, Alan H. Kadish
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To assess the efficacy and toxicity of moricizine in treating patients with serious ventricular arrhythmias and inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia.Uncontrolled clinical trial.The intensive care and telemetry units of Northwestern Memorial Hospital, St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center, and Lenox Hill Hospital.Twenty-six patients with sustained ventricular arrhythmias or hemodynamically significant nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, most of whom failed therapy with at least one class I antiarrhythmic agent.Patients were treated with moricizine, 400 to 1000 mg/d.Efficacy was assessed by the results of programmed ventricular stimulation done during moricizine therapy.Seven of the 26 patients (27%) developed life-threatening ventricular proarrhythmia during moricizine loading. Three patients had incessant sustained ventricular tachycardia, two had incessant nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, one had new sustained ventricular tachycardia, and one had new cardiac arrest. One of these patients died of intractable ventricular fibrillation. No clinical or electrophysiologic variables clearly identified those at risk for proarrhythmia. Only 3 of 26 patients (12%) became noninducible on moricizine.Moricizine has a low rate of efficacy and carries a considerable risk for life-threatening proarrhythmia in patients with serious ventricular arrhythmias and inducible ventricular tachycardia who have failed therapy with other class I antiarrhythmic agents.
Routine screening of children returning home from the tropics: retrospective study
Authors: M. L Brouwer, J. J M Tolboom, J. H J Hardeman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Routine screening of children returning home from the tropics: retrospective study Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Perforated Peptic Ulcer in Late Pregnancy
Authors: R. Burkitt
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The value of radiotriolein in the diagnosis of steatorrhoea was assessed in 100 subjects by comparing the faecal radiotriolein excretion with concurrent faecal chemical fat determinations.Sixty-seven cases did not have steatorrhoea as judged by a faecal chemical fat excretion below 7 g.daily.In these the upper limit of faecal radiotriolein excretion was 5% of the administered dose.Thirty-three cases had steatorrhoea as judged by the faecal chemical fat excretion.Of these, 15 excreted more than 5% of the dose of radiotriolein.The remaining 18 excreted less than 5% and were not differentiated from the normal material.Analysis of these results failed to explain the discrepancies.Comparison with similar studies has shown that some other workers have also found the radiotriolein test to be unreliable in the diagnosis of steatorrhoea.If technical errors are the explanation of the false results, the practical value of the radiotriolein test is lessened.Several possible defects and a few alternative applica- tions of the radiotriolein test are discussed.
Pulmonary Vascular Reactivity and Prognosis in Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Nika Skoro-Sajer, Niklas Hack, Roela Sadushi-Koliçi, Diana Bonderman, Johannes Jakowitsch, Walter Klepetko, Mir Ali Reza Hoda, Meinhard P. Kneussl, Peter Fedullo, Irene M. Lang
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Surgical pulmonary endarterectomy is the preferred treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Persistent pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy has been recognized as a major determinant of poor outcome. We tested whether acute vasoreactivity identifies chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients prone to develop persistent/recurrent pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy and whether the degree of acute vasoreactivity affects survival or freedom from lung transplantation.Right-sided heart catheterization at baseline and after inhalation of 40 ppm nitric oxide for 20 minutes was performed in 103 patients (56.3+/-15.3 years old, 53 women). Reductions in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (DeltamPAP; -8.8+/-12.6%; P<0.0001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (-16.1+/-18.1%; P<0.0001) and an increase in mixed venous saturation during inhaled nitric oxide (9.1+/-11.6%; P<0.0001) were observed. Sixty-two patients underwent pulmonary endarterectomy after a median of 49 days (25th and 75th percentiles: 24 and 123 days). Operated patients were followed up for a median of 70.9 months (25th and 75th percentiles: 14 and 97 months). Change in mPAP during inhaled NO was identified as a predictor of persistent/recurrent pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy. Patients experiencing a reduction in mPAP >10.4% with nitric oxide inhalation had a better postoperative outcome. A significant correlation was found between DeltamPAP and immediate postoperative pulmonary vascular resistance (r=0.5, P<0.0001).A total of 80 (77.7%) of 103 patients demonstrated acute pulmonary vascular reactivity of some degree. A decrease in mPAP >10.4% under inhaled nitric oxide is a predictor of long-term survival and freedom from lung transplantation in adult patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension who are undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy.
Myocardial Revascularization During Acute Phase of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Patrick J. Scanlon
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Eight patients have undergone myocardial revascularization procedures during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Coronary anatomy had been determined preoperatively by coronary arteriography. Seven patients survived surgery, and six of the survivors have remained free of pain since surgery. This type of surgery is not recommended for all patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, those patients with infarctions complicated by shock, persistent pain, uncontrollable arrhythmias, or severe congestive heart failure should at least be considered for study and should possibly be considered for appropriate surgery.
Congenital Rubella Syndrome: A Continuing Problem
Authors: Walter A. Orenstein
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The 1964-1965 rubella pandemic resulted in approximately 20,000 malformed infants and 30,000 stillbirths in the United States, with an estimated economic impact of approximately $1.5 billion.<sup>1</sup>The opportunity to prevent similar tragedies was provided when rubella vaccine was licensed in 1969. Initial control efforts in the United States were aimed at preschool and young school-aged children to decrease the overall number of rubella cases and, consequently, the chances of exposing a susceptible pregnant female. Vaccination of susceptible postpubertal females was given lower priority. Implementation of this strategy has resulted in an interruption of the characteristic epidemics of rubella at six- to nine-year intervals, a marked reduction in the overall incidence of rubella, and prevention of epidemics of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).<sup>2</sup>The major impact has been on young school-aged children, among whom rubella incidence decreased 89% between 1966-1968 and 1975-1977. Unfortunately, less progress has been made in controlling