tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nitroreduction and formation of hemoglobin adducts in rats with a human intestinal microflora.
Authors: P T Scheepers, M M Straetemans, J P Koopman, R P Bos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

In the covalent binding of nitroarenes to macromolecules, nitroreduction is an important step. The intestinal microflora represents an enormous potential of bacterial nitroreductase activity. As a consequence, the in vivo nitroreduction of orally administered nitroarenes is primarily located in the intestine. In this study, we have investigated the nitroreduction of 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF) by a human microflora in female Wistar rats. Germ-free (GF) rats were equipped with a bacterial flora derived from human feces. Nontreated GF rats and GF animals equipped with a conventional rat flora were used as controls. The composition of the human and the conventional microflora isolated from the rats were consistent with the microflora of the administered feces. In the rats receiving only sunflower seed oil, no adducts were detected. The animals equipped with a human or rat microflora that received 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) formed 2-AF hemoglobin (Hb)-adducts at average levels (mean +/- SEM) of 5.3 +/- 0.3 and 6.7 +/- 0.7 mumole/g Hb, respectively. After 2-NF administration, the adduct levels were 0.022 +/- 0.003 and 0.043 +/- 0.010 mumole/g Hb, respectively. In the GF rats, an adduct level of 0.57 +/- 0.09 was determined after 2-AF administration and no adducts were detected after 2-NF administration. The results show that nitroreduction by an acquired human intestinal microflora and subsequent adduct formation can be studied in the rat in vivo.
Peter Hele Spencer-Silver
Authors: Bernard Wood
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Emeritus professor of anatomy Middlesex Hospital Medical School (b 1922; q Middlesex Hospital Medical School 1945; PhD), died from a brain tumour on 27 December 2005.

Peter Silver spent his whole career at the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, where he was successively a student, an anatomy demonstrator (1948), university reader in anatomy (1957), professor of embryology (1964), and S A Courtauld professor of anatomy (1974-82). A distinguished embryologist, he was awarded research fellowships at the Hubrecht Laboratory, Utrecht, and at the Carnegie Institution of Washington's embryology laboratory at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore. Peter was a popular sub-dean from 1976 to 1981. He was a cultured man with a fine baritone voice, who bravely (and effectively) gave a Lieder recital in place of the usual lecture when he was the staff president of the students' union.
Central Obesity and High Blood Pressure in Pediatric Patients With Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Jonathan I. Silverberg, Lauren Becker, Mary Kwasny, Alan Menter, Kelly M. Cordoro, Amy S. Paller
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with multiple potential risk factors for obesity and high blood pressure (BP), including chronic inflammation, sleep disturbance, and mental health comorbidity. Previous studies found associations between general obesity and AD. However, it is unknown whether AD is associated with central obesity and/or high BP.To determine whether central obesity and high BP are increased in pediatric AD.This case-control study performed in multicenter pediatric dermatology practices in the United States recruited 132 children (age range, 4-17 years) with active moderate to severe AD and 143 healthy controls from April 1, 2009, through December 31, 2012.Diagnosis and severity of AD assessed by a pediatric dermatologist.Body mass index, waist circumference, waist to height ratio, systolic BP, and diastolic BP.Moderate to severe AD was associated with body mass index for age and sex of 97th percentile or greater (logistic regression; odds ratio [OR], 2.64; 95% CI, 1.15-6.06), International Obesity Task Force obesity cutoffs (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.06-5.34), waist circumference in the 85th percentile or greater (OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.50-10.26), and waist to height ratio of 0.5 or greater (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.10-4.50). Atopic dermatitis was associated with higher BP for age, sex, and height percentiles (systolic BP: OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.04-8.36; diastolic BP: OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.19-11.37), particularly a systolic BP in the 90th percentile or higher (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.09-3.90), in multivariate models that controlled for demographics, body mass index and waist circumference percentiles, and history of using prednisone or cyclosporine. Atopic dermatitis was associated with higher systolic BP in Hispanics/Latinos (general linear model; β, .23; 95% CI, .04-.43) and Asians (β, .16; 95% CI, .03-.30). Severe to very severe AD was associated with systolic BP in the 90th percentile or higher (adjusted OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.13-8.70). Atopic dermatitis was associated with a family history of hypertension (adjusted OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.14-3.10) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.02-2.68) but not obesity or hyperlipidemia.Moderate to severe pediatric AD may be associated with central obesity and increased systolic BP.
RESECTION AND REPRODUCTION OF THE MAXILLÆ.
Authors: G. LENOX CURTIS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The purpose of this paper is to show to the profession the importance of special study and instruction in oral and facial diseases, and that these are worthy of the same consideration as is given to any of the fully recognized specialties in medicine. Until they do appear in the curriculum of the medical school, the faculty will not have done its duty toward the student. The field covered by the general surgeon is too great for a careful consideration of any part where such minuteness is required to save and assist nature in doing her work. The surgeon most capable of successful teaching in this line is he who has been a thorough and conservative dentist. Like produces like; this applies to every department in nature. The periosteum under favorable conditions will reproduce the substance it covered. That of the ramus of the jaw will only make the thin
Studies on 4-allyloxy-3 chlorophenylacetic acid (Alcofenac). A double-blind comparison of Alcofenac and aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis, and effects of therapy on serum immunoglobulins and rheumatoid factor.
Authors: M Aylward, R J Parker, J Maddock
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)
Relationship Between Patient Panel Characteristics and Primary Care Physician Clinical Performance Rankings
Authors: Clemens S. Hong
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Physicians have increasingly become the focus of clinical performance measurement.To investigate the relationship between patient panel characteristics and relative physician clinical performance rankings within a large academic primary care network.Cohort study using data from 125,303 adult patients who had visited any of the 9 hospital-affiliated practices or 4 community health centers between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2005, (162 primary care physicians in 1 physician organization linked by a common electronic medical record system in Eastern Massachusetts) to determine changes in physician quality ranking based on an aggregate of Health Plan Employer and Data Information Set (HEDIS) measures after adjusting for practice site, visit frequency, and patient panel characteristics.Composite physician clinical performance score based on 9 HEDIS quality measures (reported by percentile, with lower scores indicating higher quality).Patients of primary care physicians in the top quality performance tertile compared with patients of primary care physicians in the bottom quality tertile were older (51.1 years [95% confidence interval {CI}, 49.6-52.6 years] vs 46.6 years [95% CI, 43.8-49.5 years], respectively; P < .001), had a higher number of comorbidities (0.91 [95% CI, 0.83-0.98] vs 0.80 [95% CI, 0.66-0.95]; P = .008), and made more frequent primary care practice visits (71.0% [95% CI, 68.5%-73.5%] vs 61.8% [95% CI, 57.3%-66.3%] with >3 visits/year; P = .003). Top tertile primary care physicians compared with the bottom tertile physicians had fewer minority patients (13.7% [95% CI, 10.6%-16.7%] vs 25.6% [95% CI, 20.2%-31.1%], respectively; P < .001), non-English-speaking patients (3.2% [95% CI, 0.7%-5.6%] vs 10.2% [95% CI, 5.5%-14.9%]; P <.001), and patients with Medicaid coverage or without insurance (9.6% [95% CI, 7.5%-11.7%] vs 17.2% [95% CI, 13.5%-21.0%]; P <.001). After accounting for practice site and visit frequency differences, adjusting for patient panel factors resulted in a relative mean change in physician rankings of 7.6 percentiles (95% CI, 6.6-8.7 percentiles) per primary care physician, with more than one-third (36%) of primary care physicians (59/162) reclassified into different quality tertiles.Among primary care physicians practicing within the same large academic primary care system, patient panels with greater proportions of underinsured, minority, and non-English-speaking patients were associated with lower quality rankings for primary care physicians.
CO-ORDINATED SPECIALISM IN PUBLIC HEALTH WORK.
Authors: F. F. WESBROOK
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>DIFFICULTIES.</h3> In America two causes are operative in rendering it difficult to protect the health of the public. One is the lack of real knowledge on the part of the public in regard to the scientific truths which underlie the conservation of its chief asset, viz., its health; and the other is a tendency in the preservation of individual freedom to lose sight of our obligation to respect the rights and privileges of others who may be less assertive. It is probable that each of these factors may operate as the cause of the other and it is difficult to discuss one without encountering complications dependent on the other. Endorsement of public health protective measures in a general way by an individual has usually the mental reservation that they be so applied as to safeguard him against his neighbor but not in such a manner as to impose hardship on
Genetically engineered V79 Chinese hamster cells metabolically activate the cytostatic drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide.
Authors: J Doehmer, A Seidel, F Oesch, H R Glatt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

V79 cells, genetically engineered to express active cytochromes P450IIB1 and P450IA1, were used to study the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. Cyclophosphamide, tested up to a concentration of 2 mM, was not cytotoxic in V79 nor in the P450IA1-expressing V79-derived cell line XEM2. Pronounced cytotoxicity was, however, observed in the P450IIB1-expressing V79-derived cell line SD1. Induction of gene mutations (acquisition of 6-thioguanine resistance) was observed in SD1 cells as well, but the effects were weak. Ifosfamide was inactive in V79 cells, but was cytotoxic in SD1 cells. Ifosfamide mustard, an active metabolite of ifosfamide, was equally cytotoxic and showed similar mutagenic effects in SD1 and parental V79 cells. The results indicate that cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide are metabolically activated by cytochrome P450IIB1. In contrast, cytochrome P450IA1 was not capable of activating cyclophosphamide. Thus, V79-derived cell lines defined for their expression of a specific form of cytochrome P-450 can be used as diagnostic tools to identify the cytochrome P-450 that is responsible for the metabolic activation of drugs.
Maternal Death Due to Acute Adrenal Failure and Myocarditis
Authors: S. Ende, G. M. Steiner
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEDICAL JOLURNAL of wartime infection may not result after all.If this hope proves well founded, it will represent a solid achievement for penicillin and the venereologist.The latter, however, may well wonder how much his colleagues in hospital and general practice have unwittingly helped in this happy achievement by the liberal use of penicillin for other conditions.SummaryIt was feared that the large wartime increase in syphilitic infections, which reached a peak in 1946, might result in a large aftermath of neurosyphilis, and Bockner and Coltart (1961) suggested that cases of general paralysis of the insane were on the increase.The numbers of cases of G.P.I. diagnosed annually from 1951 to 1960 in five major mental hospitals, 10 psychiatric units in general hospitals, four neurological units, and 20 V.D. clinics situated in the Manchester Regional Hospital Board area do not support this suggestion.Of a total of 700 cases, 371 were diagnosed during 195 1-5 and 329 during 1956-60; the number diagnosed in 1960 (51) was smaller than in any previous year of the decade.I thank my consultant colleagues in psychiatry, neurology, and venereology throughout the Manchester Regional Hospital Board area for their co-operation in making this inquiry possible.
The Effect of Chelation on Blood Pressure in Lead-Exposed Children: A Randomized Study
Authors: Aimin Chen, George G. Rhoads, Bo Cai, Mikhail Salganik, Walter J. Rogan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Studies in children suggest a weak association between blood lead concentration and blood pressure. To understand this better, we tested the strength of the association in children with elevated blood lead concentrations and whether succimer chelation changed blood pressure as it did blood lead. In a randomized clinical trial of 780 children with blood lead concentrations of 20–44 μg/dL at 12–33 months of age, we compared the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the succimer-treated group and placebo group for up to 5 years of follow-up. We also analyzed the relation of blood lead to blood pressure. Children in the succimer group had lower blood lead concentrations for 9–10 months during and after treatment, but their blood pressure did not differ from those in the placebo group during this period. During 1–5 years of follow-up, children in the succimer group had systolic blood pressure 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.27–1.90) mmHg higher than did untreated children in a model with repeated measurements, but the difference in diastolic blood pressure was not statistically significant. No association between blood lead and blood pressure was found. Overall, there is no association between blood lead and blood pressure in these children with moderately high lead exposure, nor does chelation with succimer change blood pressure.
Submassive hepatic necrosis distinguishes HBV-associated acute on chronic liver failure from cirrhotic patients with acute decompensation
Authors: Hai Li, Qiang Xia, Bo Zeng, Shu-Ting Li, Heng Liu, Qi Li, Jun Li, Shu-Yin Yang, Xiao-Jun Dong, Ting Gao, Stefan Munker, Yan Liu, Roman Liebe, Feng Xue, Qi-Gen Li, Xiao-Song Chen, Qiang Liu, Hui Zeng, Ji-Yao Wang, Qing Xie, Qin-Hua Meng, Jie-Fei Wang, Peter R. Mertens, Frank Lammert, Manfred V. Singer, Steven Dooley, Matthias P.A. Ebert, De-Kai Qiu, Tai-Ling Wang, Hong-Lei Weng
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Predictive value of latent tuberculosis tests in Indian healthcare workers: a cohort study
Authors: R. Joshi, U. Narang, A. Zwerling, D. Jain, V. Jain, S. Kalantri, M. Pai
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Predictive value of latent tuberculosis tests in Indian healthcare workers: a cohort studyTo the Editors:Healthcare workers (HCWs) in high tuberculosis (TB)-burden countries are known to have a substantially higher risk of latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB disease [1], and this has been demonstrated repeatedly in India [2,3].Several studies have evaluated interferon-c release assays (IGRAs) in HCWs [4], but no study has reported the predictive value of IGRAs in this population of HCWs at risk for TB exposure.Between January and June 2004, we had performed a crosssectional comparison of the tuberculin skin test (TST)(1 tuberculin unit of purified protein derivation RT23) and QuantiFERON1-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT; Cellestis Ltd, Melbourne, Australia) in a cohort of 726 HCWs (719 had valid test results for both tests) at the Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (Sevagram, India), with young trainees making up half the cohort [5].A total of 360 (50%) HCWs were found to be positive using either the TST or QFT assay at baseline, and 226 (31%) were found to be positive using both tests.The prevalence estimates of TST and QFT positivity were comparable, with high concordance between test results [5].Although isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) was offered to
Calcineurin is required in urinary tract mesenchyme for the development of the pyeloureteral peristaltic machinery
Authors: Ching-Pin Chang, Bradley W. McDill, Joel R. Neilson, Heidi E. Joist, Jonathan A. Epstein, Gerald R. Crabtree, Feng Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Congenital obstructive nephropathy is the principal cause of renal failure in infants and children. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of this disease, however, remain largely undetermined. We generated a mouse model of congenital obstructive nephropathy that resembles ureteropelvic junction obstruction in humans. In these mice, calcineurin function is removed by the selective deletion of Cnb1 in the mesenchyme of the developing urinary tract using the Cre/lox system. This deletion results in reduced proliferation in the smooth muscle cells and other mesenchymal cells in the developing urinary tract. Compromised cell proliferation causes abnormal development of the renal pelvis and ureter, leading to defective pyeloureteral peristalsis, progressive renal obstruction, and, eventually, fatal renal failure. Our study demonstrates that calcineurin is an essential signaling molecule in urinary tract development and is required for normal proliferation of the urinary tract mesenchymal cells in a cell-autonomous manner. These studies also emphasize the importance of functional obstruction, resulting from developmental abnormality, in causing congenital obstructive nephropathy.
Plasma Adenosine Levels Increase in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Hiroharu Funaya, Masafumi Kitakaze, Koichi Node, Tetsuo Minamino, Kazuo Komamura, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Adenosine is believed to be cardioprotective; however, it has not been elucidated whether the plasma adenosine level is increased in chronic heart failure.Seventy-one patients attending a specialized heart failure clinic during a 6-month period were grouped according to the cause of chronic heart failure and the New York Heart Association function class. There were 40 patients with chronic heart failure due to ischemic heart diseases and 31 patients with valvular heart diseases and dilated cardiomyopathy. Control subjects consisted of 64 healthy laboratory staff members and patients without chronic heart failure. We found that the plasma adenosine levels were increased in patients with ischemic and nonischemic heart failure (218 +/- 23 and 211 +/- 21 nmol/L, respectively, versus 62 +/- 3 nmol/L for healthy subjects) and that the extent of increases in adenosine levels correlated well with the severity of chronic heart failure.We conclude that adenosine levels in the systemic blood increase in patients in ischemic and nonischemic chronic heart failure. Because adenosine counteracts catecholamine-, renin-angiotensin-, and cytokine-induced cellular injury, increased adenosine levels may be endogenous compensatory mechanisms for heart failure.
The utility of prostate-specific antigen for detecting prostate cancer
Authors: J. Meyerhoff
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —Drs Brunswick, Marshall, and Meyerhoff calculate predictive values from our data. We agree that predictive values are important, but chose not to present them in our article because their computation and interpretation, particularly given our study design, are not straightforward. Since predictive values are dependent on disease prevalence and factors affecting the occurrence of false-positive results, they can vary substantially in different study populations. 1 Moreover, in a nested case-control study, the artificial prevalence represented by the cases and controls alone (a prevalence determined by the case-control ratio) is obviously a problem. If the controls are an unbiased sample of the total nondiseased members of the cohort, as Brunswick, Marshall, and Meyerhoff assume, one can estimate predictive value. However, we used an incidence density approach for sampling controls (ie, the controls are randomly selected from similar-aged men at risk when each case is diagnosed), so our controls are
Erythrocyte zinc in differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy: a preliminary report.
Authors: T T Lao, R K Chin, R Swaminathan, N S Panesar, C S Cockram
Journal: BMJ (1987)

between the values of groups 2, 3, and 4 and the controls were, respectively, 5-3(-307 to 41-3),23-3 (-13-5 to 60-1), and 75-9 (36-8-to 115) imol/l red blood cells.
Unusual Longevity in Persistent Common Atrioventricular Canal
Authors: RAJENDRA TANDON, JAMES H. MOLLER, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Five of 139 patients with persistent common atrioventricular canal (AVC) confirmed at necropsy had lived to the age of 46 years or older. The complete type of the malformation was present in one, the transitional type in one and the partial type in three. The oldest of the latter group was 79 years of age at the time of death. In a study of ages at death among 139 cases of AVC the following observations were made. Of the 91 patients with the complete type of AVC, 37 percent survived more than one year and 17.6 percent more than five years. Of the 48 patients with the transitional and partial types of the defect, 67 percent lived more than one year and 37.5 percent beyond five years. One of our cases was highly unusual in that AVC was associated with corrected transposition.
Omentin-1 and vaspin are present in the fetus and neonate, and perinatal concentrations are similar in normal and growth-restricted pregnancies
Authors: Despina D. Briana, Maria Boutsikou, Stavroula Baka, Dimitrios Gourgiotis, Antonios Marmarinos, Sofia Liosi, Dimitrios Hassiakos, Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Resuscitation skills of MRCP candidates: one year on
Authors: P F S Prior-Willeard, J David
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—In June 1993 we reported on the quality of the resuscitation skills of 30 candidates taking the second part of the membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP).1 Their knowledge of the then current Resuscitation Council guidelines for managing cardiac arrest was lacking. We concluded that this was probably the result of poor resuscitation training in medical schools and their current places of work.1

A year later we repeated the assessment on 31 candidates preparing for the same examination. …
RECENT EXPERIENCES IN MILITARY SURGERY AFTER THE BATTLE OF SANTIAGO.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

<h3>Case 18.</h3> —Scanlon, Company K, Third Cavalry, was wounded on the second day of the battle of Santiago. The ball entered the chest through the third rib midclavicular line on the right side, passed downward and backward and escaped in the gluteal region on the same side, after perforating the ilium (Fig. 21). The ball must have passed through the lung, diaphragm and liver. Hemoptysis slight, but distressing nausea, vomiting and pain. Admitted to the hospital ship<i>Relief</i>July 15. At that time he had a constant temperature ranging between 100 and 102 degrees F., vomiting, diarrhea and rapid emaciation. Great pain over the liver and ascending colon. Hemothorax and marked swelling in the region of the liver and abdominal cavity on the right side. Examination of urine negative. Owing to the great debility and pronounced anemia it was not deemed advisable to resort to laparotomy. <h3>Case 19.</h3> —Harry Mitchell,