tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor Induction by Repeated Injections of Urethan in Newborn and Adult Hamsters: Age Influence. II<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: Bela Toth
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Ten subcutaneous injections of 1 mg urethan per g body weight were administered weekly to Syrian golden hamsters at birth and adult age. Significantly higher numbers of forestomach papillomas developed in animals that began to receive urethan at adulthood than at birth, even though there were similar incidences in animals having this lesion in both age groups. On the other hand, appreciably more intestinal tumors were found in those hamsters starting to receive the treatment as newborns than as adults. In addition, dermal melanocytomas and thyroid, lung, and some other tissue tumors were induced without any apparent difference in incidences in the two age groups. In contrast to the effect of a single carcinogenic dose to which only two tissues responded, several additional tissues developed tumors when challenged by repeated injections of urethan. Either their tumorigenic threshold dose was higher and they needed periodic stimuli, or morphologic and functional development was not at an appropriate stage for tumor induction at the time of the single injection. The possible effect that the age of the host has on tumorigenesis is discussed in light of the results obtained.
Book: Demanding Medical Excellence
Authors: D. Woods
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Michael L Millenson University of Chicago Press, £19.95, pp 384 ISBN 0 226 52587 2 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> The US healthcare system consumes $1 trillion a year, which is equivalent to 14% of gross domestic product or roughly $4000 per capita (compared with about $1300 in Britain). Even so, Americans' life expectancy ranks about 15th in the world, infant mortality is higher than in most industrialised nations, and 44 million citizens have no health insurance. In short, say Drs Frank Davidoff and Robert D Reinecke in the 20 April issue of Annals of Internal Medicine , “the health care … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Characteristics and Clinical Management of a Cluster of 3 Patients With Ebola Virus Disease, Including the First Domestically Acquired Cases in the United States
Authors: Allison M. Liddell, Richard T. Davey, Aneesh K. Mehta, Jay B. Varkey, Colleen S. Kraft, Gebre K. Tseggay, Oghenetega Badidi, Andrew C. Faust, Katia V. Brown, Anthony F. Suffredini, Kevin Barrett, Mark J. Wolcott, Vincent C. Marconi, G. Marshall Lyon, Gary L. Weinstein, Kenney Weinmeister, Shelby Sutton, Munir Hazbun, César G. Albariño, Zachary Reed, Debi Cannon, Ute Ströher, Mark Feldman, Bruce S. Ribner, H. Clifford Lane, Anthony S. Fauci, Timothy M. Uyeki
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

More than 26,000 cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been reported in western Africa, with high mortality. Several patients have been medically evacuated to hospitals in the United States and Europe. Detailed clinical data are limited on the clinical course and management of patients with EVD outside western Africa.To describe the clinical characteristics and management of a cluster of patients with EVD, including the first cases of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection acquired in the United States.Retrospective clinical case series.Three U.S. hospitals in September and October 2014.First imported EVD case identified in the United States and 2 secondary EVD cases acquired in the United States in critical care nurses who cared for the index case patient.Clinical recovery, EBOV RNA level, resolution of Ebola viremia, survival with discharge from hospital, or death.The index patient had high EBOV RNA levels, developed respiratory and renal failure requiring critical care support, and died. Both patients with secondary EBOV infection had nonspecific signs and symptoms and developed moderate illness; EBOV RNA levels were moderate, and both patients recovered.Both surviving patients received uncontrolled treatment with multiple investigational agents, including convalescent plasma, which limits generalizability of the results.Early diagnosis, prompt initiation of supportive medical care, and moderate clinical illness likely contributed to successful outcomes in both survivors. The inability to determine the potential benefit of investigational therapies and the effect of patient-specific factors that may have contributed to less severe illness highlight the need for controlled clinical studies of these interventions, especially in the setting of a high level of supportive medical care.None.
Pleural Carcinogenic Potency of Mineral Fibers (Asbestos, Attapulgite) and Their Cytotoxicity on Cultured Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M C Jaurand, J Fleury, G Monchaux, M Nebut, J Bignon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

The carcinogenicity of several samples of mineral fibers was tested following injection of 20 mg in the pleural cavity of noninbred Sprague-Dawley rats. Three samples of chrysotile asbestos (mean length: 3.2, 2.1, and 1.2 µm) induced mesotheliomas at a rate of 48, 52, and 19%, respectively. The first sample was acid leached prior to intrapleural injection; in that group, the percentage of mesotheliomas was reduced to 25%. Treatment with amosite and crocidolite resulted in the occurrence of 57 and 56% of mesotheliomas. Acid-treatment of amphiboles did not significantly modify the percentage of mesotheliomas. When the Stanton's fiber dimensions were taken into consideration to correlate with mesothelioma incidence, the observed number of mesotheliomas in the chrysotile-treated animals was much lower than that expected, suggesting that other fiber parameters (chemistry, physicochemistry) play a role in the carcinogenicity. Attapulgite fibers (mean length: 0.77 µm) did not induce tumor, and the mean survival time was of the same order as that observed in the control groups. The injection of quartz resulted in no mesothelioma but did result in 6 malignant histiocytic lymphomas (17%) and 2 malignant schwannomas (6%). In vitro experiments did not show strong correlation between cytotoxicity and the carcinogenic potency of these minerals, but the qualitative cellular responses might give some indications on the fiber's potency. In addition, the in vitro effects of the fibers seem to be modulated by their size.
Mammary Tumorigenesis in Chemical Carcinogen-Treated Mice. VI. Tumor-Producing Capabilities of Mammary Dysplasias in BALB/cCrgl Mice2
Authors: Daniel Medina
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Two types of mammary dysplasias occurring in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-treated BALB/cCrgl mice were transplanted into the cleared mammary fat pads of syngeneic mice for an assessment of their growth behavior and tumor potentials. Keratinized nodules, numerous in DMBA-treated, pituitary isograft-bearing BALB/cCrgl mice, produced primarily ductal outgrowth in control mice and very few tumors (7%) 56 weeks after transplantation. Such dysplasias transplanted into mice bearing pituitary isografts exhibited lobuloalveolar development and produced a higher incidence of tumors (32%). Hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN), though relatively rare in DMBA-treated BALB/cCrgl mice, produced lobuloalveolar outgrowth in control mice and had a 100% tumor incidence. Four HAN outgrowth lines were developed by serial transplantation of samples of the nodule outgrowths. The tumor potentials of these nodule lines in intact controls and ovariectomized mice was determined over several transplant generations. The tumor potentials of two of the three nodule lines were decreased in the absence of ovarian hormones. However, the growth of 23 mammary tumors derived from these nodule lines and of nine derived from in situ primary tumors was unaffected by the absence of the ovary. These results, along with those published previously, suggest that mammary tumors in chemical carcinogen-treated mice arise from several precursor populations. These preneoplastic populations comprise both alveolar and ductal hyperplasias.
Real-Time Imaging Reveals Local, Transient Vascular Permeability, and Tumor Cell Intravasation Stimulated by TIE2hi Macrophage–Derived VEGFA
Authors: Allison S. Harney, Esther N. Arwert, David Entenberg, Yarong Wang, Peng Guo, Bin-Zhi Qian, Maja H. Oktay, Jeffrey W. Pollard, Joan G. Jones, John S. Condeelis
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Dissemination of tumor cells is an essential step in metastasis. Direct contact between a macrophage, mammalian-enabled (MENA)-overexpressing tumor cell, and endothelial cell [Tumor MicroEnvironment of Metastasis (TMEM)] correlates with metastasis in breast cancer patients. Here we show, using intravital high-resolution two-photon microscopy, that transient vascular permeability and tumor cell intravasation occur simultaneously and exclusively at TMEM. The hyperpermeable nature of tumor vasculature is described as spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Using real-time imaging, we observed that vascular permeability is transient, restricted to the TMEM, and required for tumor cell dissemination. VEGFA signaling from TIE2(hi) TMEM macrophages causes local loss of vascular junctions, transient vascular permeability, and tumor cell intravasation, demonstrating a role for the TMEM within the primary mammary tumor. These data provide insight into the mechanism of tumor cell intravasation and vascular permeability in breast cancer, explaining the value of TMEM density as a predictor of distant metastatic recurrence in patients.
Clinical outcomes of splenectomy in children: Report of the splenectomy in congenital hemolytic anemia registry
Authors: Henry E. Rice, Brian R. Englum, Jennifer Rothman, Sarah Leonard, Audra Reiter, Courtney Thornburg, Mary Brindle, Nicola Wright, Matthew M. Heeney, Charles Smithers, Rebeccah L. Brown, Theodosia Kalfa, Jacob C. Langer, Michaela Cada, Keith T. Oldham, J. Paul Scott, Shawn St. Peter, Mukta Sharma, Andrew M. Davidoff, Kerri Nottage, Kathryn Bernabe, David B. Wilson, Sanjeev Dutta, Bertil Glader, Shelley E. Crary, Melvin S. Dassinger, Levette Dunbar, Saleem Islam, Manjusha Kumar, Fred Rescorla, Steve Bruch, Andrew Campbell, Mary Austin, Robert Sidonio, Martin L Blakely
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

The outcomes of children with congenital hemolytic anemia (CHA) undergoing total splenectomy (TS) or partial splenectomy (PS) remain unclear. In this study, we collected data from 100 children with CHA who underwent TS or PS from 2005 to 2013 at 16 sites in the Splenectomy in Congenital Hemolytic Anemia (SICHA) consortium using a patient registry. We analyzed demographics and baseline clinical status, operative details, and outcomes at 4, 24, and 52 weeks after surgery. Results were summarized as hematologic outcomes, short-term adverse events (AEs) (≤30 days after surgery), and long-term AEs (31-365 days after surgery). For children with hereditary spherocytosis, after surgery there was an increase in hemoglobin (baseline 10.1 ± 1.8 g/dl, 52 week 12.8 ± 1.6 g/dl; mean ± SD), decrease in reticulocyte and bilirubin as well as control of symptoms. Children with sickle cell disease had control of clinical symptoms after surgery, but had no change in hematologic parameters. There was an 11% rate of short-term AEs and 11% rate of long-term AEs. As we accumulate more subjects and longer follow-up, use of a patient registry should enhance our capacity for clinical trials and engage all stakeholders in the decision-making process.
Proportionate Mortality Study of Workers in the Grain Industry
Authors: Michael C. R. Alavanja, Gary A. Rush, Patricia Stewart, Aaron Blair
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

The proportionate mortality experience and proportionate cancer mortality experience were examined for 1,114 white male members of the American Federation of Grain Millers' life insurance plan. Mortality was significantly elevated for accidents and cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic systems, particularly from lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma, other neoplasms of lymphoid tissue (i.e., giant follicular lymphoma and other primary malignant neoplasms of lymphoid tissue), and multiple myeloma. No increased mortality was seen for cancer of the respiratory tract, and nonmalignant diseases of the digestive tract were significantly lower than expected. Employees of grain mills showed higher mortality ratios of lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers as compared to other grain industry categories. A preliminary survey of pesticide usage suggested that grain mills were generally associated with greater use of pesticides than other industrial categories with considerable variation among the many facilities encompassed in this study.
Initiation and Establishment of Lymphoid Cell Lines From the Blood of Healthy Persons&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R S Chang, M W Hsieh, W Blankenship
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

From the peripheral leukocytes of healthy persons, 81 cell lines were initiated from 796 cultures, each containing an initial cell population of about 2 million lymphocytes. The proportion of cultures, prepared from a single blood sample, capable of yielding cell lines varied from 0-100%. Factors affecting this initiation of cell lines appeared to be the source of leukocytes and the method of cultivation. For some blood samples, the size of the sample may also be important. Subjected to routine 1 to 2 culture division every 3 or 4 days, many cell lines degenerated after a varying number of subcultures. Some degenerated as early as the third, others as late as the 104th, and still others were growing actively at the 143d subculture. By adjustment of the interval between culture divisions to the rate of cell multiplication, the in vitro lifespan of 3 or 4 lines was prolonged by at least 50 serial divisions. No cell line was initiated from 418 umbilical cord blood leukocyte cultures prepared from 44 samples. This finding suggests that cord blood is the ideal source of leukocytes for study of the growth-transforming capability of potential oncogenic substances.
The comparative characteristic of respiratory muscles function in patients with bronchial obstruction
Authors: Tetyana Pertseva, Olena Myronenko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Almost all patients with bronchial obstruction have respiratory muscles (RM) dysfunction of various severity levels.

The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the change of RM function in bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients on different stage of diseases.

Study population: 48 COPD and 12 BA patients were included. Subjects were divide depending on a stage of disease. The mean age of COPD pts. is 52,33±0,70 years, 8 females (22,3%) and 28 (77,7%) males. In gr. with BA the mean age is 49,78±5,64 years, 5 females (41,7%) and 7 (58,3%) males.

Methods: Spirometry and pneumotonometry were performed by means MasterScreen Body/Diff (“Jaeger”, German). FEV1 and PImax were evaluated.

Results: Results are performed in table 1.

View this table:



Conclusion: We estimate the dysfunction of RM in all groups pts with BA and COPD. Correlation interrelation between FEV1 and PImax in pts with BA was positive (r=0,78), in COPD pts – negative (r=-0,94). We assume, that obtained data should be considered at drawing up of individual programs of treatment and rehabilitation of COPD and BA pts.
B cell and T cell immunity in the female genital tract: Potential of distinct mucosal routes of vaccination and role of tissue-associated dendritic cells and natural killer cells
Authors: F. Anjuère, S. Bekri, F. Bihl, V.M. Braud, N. Cuburu, C. Czerkinsky, C. Hervouet, C. Luci
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Histogenesis and Progression of Ultraviolet Light-Induced Tumors in Hairless Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: L H Kligman, A M Kligman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Tumor histogenesis and progression were studied in UV-irradiated albino (Skh:hairless-1) and lightly pigmented (Skh:hairless-2) hairless mice. A strongly carcinogenic dose of UV light was used, producing 100% tumor incidence by 35 weeks. The light source emitted mainly UV radiation in the range of 280-320 nm and the less energetic UV radiation up to 400 nm. The resulting epidermal changes and neoplasms resembled those seen in the actinically damaged skin of humans. Microscopic lesions included benign hyperplasia, actinic keratoses, and squamous cell carcinoma in situ and with microinvasion. Clinical tumors were epithelial papillomas, fibropapillomas, keratoacanthomas, cystic keratomas, benign pigmented macules, cutaneous hornlike growth, exophytic and endophytic squamous cell carcinomas of several cytologic types, and fibrosarcomas. Even with this high dose of UV radiation, not all of the small tumors progressed to cancer. Many regressed, including some keratoacanthomas, whereas others remained small and benign for the lifetime of the mouse.
Dose, Route, and Time Dependence of Serum Lysozyme and Antitumor Activity Following Administration of Glucan, &lt;italic&gt;Corynebacterium parvum&lt;/italic&gt;, Pyran, or Lipopolysaccharide to Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A Gorecka-Tisera, J W Proctor, Y Yamamura, J Harnaha, K Meinert
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Following the administration of Di Luzio particulate glucan, Corynebacterium parvum, pyran (maleic anhydride vinyl ether 6), and lipopolysaccharide (Shigella) to inbred C57BL/6J mice, dose, route, and time-dependent studies were undertaken on antitumor activity and serum lysozyme levels to explore the possible relevance of serum lysozyme as a useful index of antitumor activity. Antitumor activity was assessed by measurement of the extent of loss of iv injected 125I-labeled 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled B16 tumor cells. Increases in serum lysozyme levels were dose-, route-, and time-dependent and varied greatly from one agent to another. The peak levels of antitumor activity were similar for all agents but were also critically dose- and time-dependent. Correlations of serum lysozyme levels and antitumor activity were inexact. The doses for peak lysozyme level increases were higher than those for peak antitumor activity. Antitumor activity peaked earlier and lasted longer than serum lysozyme level increases.
Tiotropium provides sustained bronchodilation in asthmatics with persistent airflow obstruction uncontrolled despite treatment in accordance with guidelines
Authors: Huib Kerstjens, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Mark Vandewalker, Ekkehard Beck, Michael Engel, Ralf Sigmund, Wolfgang Seibold, Petra Moroni-Zentgraf, Eric Bateman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction : In some asthmatics airflow obstruction persists despite high-dose (HD) inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) use. In a recent study, adding a long-acting anticholinergic (tiotropium) showed favourable effects over 8 weeks (wks) (Kerstjens HA, et al. JACI . 2011).

Methods : In 2 replicate 48-wk, doubleblind, parallel-group trials a total of 912 asthmatics with postbronchodilator (BD) FEV1 <80% predicted and asthma control questionnaire score ≥1.5 while on at least HD ICS+LABA were randomised to additional tiotropium Respimat® 5 mcg or placebo. Prespecified co-primary endpoints included peak and trough FEV1 at 24 wks. Secondary endpoints were FEV1 at other time-points, FVC, and daily PEFs.

Results : Baseline characteristics were similar between trials and treatment groups (mean post-BD FEV1 62% [±13]). Mean change from baseline tiotropium vs placebo after 24 wks in peak pre-BD FEV1 was 86 (±34) mL ( P =0.01) or 154 (±32) mL greater ( P <0.001), and in trough FEV1 88 (±34) mL ( P =0.01) or 111 (±30) mL greater ( P <0.001) in trials 1 and 2, respectively. Improvements in FVC and daily PEFs were also significantly greater with tiotropium. There were no signs of tachyphylaxis over 48 wks. No deaths occurred; adverse events were balanced across treatments in both trials.

Conclusion : In asthmatics uncontrolled despite at least HD ICS+LABA, adding tiotropium provided significant lung function improvement at 24 wks which was sustained over 48 wks. Tiotropium is likely to improve severe uncontrolled asthma on top of treatment in accordance with guidelines.

Study supported by Boehringer Ingelheim and Pfizer.
Rate of Cell Division in Atypias and Invasive Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix of the Mouse2
Authors: C. A. Rubio
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Rate of Cell Division in Atypias and Invasive Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix of the Mouse Get access C. A. Rubio C. A. Rubio 3Institute of Pathology, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, 104 01 Stockholm 60, Sweden. 4I thank Dr. C. Fox for reviewing the manuscript, Miss Y. Kock, Mrs. I. May, and Mrs. M. Sveander for technical assistance, and Mrs. B. Ringström for secretarial work; all are from the Institute of Pathology. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 61, Issue 1, July 1978, Pages 259–263, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/61.1.259 Published: 01 July 1978 Article history Received: 05 December 1977 Accepted: 21 February 1978 Published: 01 July 1978
Bone marrow involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the clinical significance of morphologic discordance between the lymph node and bone marrow. Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group.
Authors: M G Conlan, M Bast, J O Armitage, D D Weisenburger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Bone marrow specimens from 317 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) obtained at initial staging were evaluated for the presence of lymphoma or benign lymphoid aggregates. Thirty-two percent (102 patients) had lymphoma in their bone marrow, and 9% had benign lymphoid aggregates. Bone marrow lymphoma was present in 39% of low-grade, 36% of intermediate-grade, and 18% of high-grade lymphomas. The bone marrow was involved in 25% of patients with diffuse large-cell or immunoblastic NHL (ie, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma of Rappaport). Bone marrow involvement did not affect survival of patients with low-grade NHL, but survival was significantly shorter (P = .03) for patients with intermediate- and high-grade NHL with bone marrow involvement. Bone marrow involvement was equally common in B-cell and T-cell NHL (31% v 32%). However, patients with T-cell NHL and bone marrow involvement had shorter survival than B-cell NHL with marrow involvement (P = .02) or T-cell NHL without marrow involvement (P = .05). A high incidence of morphologic discordance between lymph node and bone marrow was observed (ie, 40%), always with a more aggressive subtype in the lymph node than in the bone marrow. Presence of large-cell lymphoma in the bone marrow predicted for short survival. Survival for patients with small-cell lymphoma in their bone marrow did not differ significantly from patients with negative bone marrows. We conclude that bone marrow involvement in large-cell NHL, especially in those of T-cell origin, portends a poor prognosis. However, the subgroup of patients with an aggressive histologic subtype of NHL in a lymph node biopsy and small-cell NHL in the bone marrow do not have a poorer outlook than those without bone marrow involvement.