tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GMC decision on Southall is challenged as “unduly lenient”
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The General Medical Council's decision to bar a leading consultant paediatrician, David Southall, from child protection work for three years is to be challenged as “unduly lenient” in the high court by the healthcare professions' watchdog, the Council for Healthcare Regulatory Excellence (CHRE).

Professor Southall was found guilty of serious professional misconduct after he accused Stephen Clark of murdering his two infant sons on the basis of seeing …
Book: Too Much Medicine?
Authors: P. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Ray Moynihan ABC Books, $A19.95, pp 308 ISBN 0 7333 0652 7 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> This is a meticulous and thoughtful critique of the amount of investigation and treatment experienced by patients in modern medicine. Take, for example, the worldwide explosion of diagnostic endoscopy for indigestion. Firstly, there is no evidence that it has resulted in a major improvement in health outcome. Secondly, an army of endoscopists has been created, who see this as all or most of their life's work. Thirdly, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Abstract 4825: Metabolic factors and hepatocarcinogenesis in steatohepatitis.
Authors: Ali Zarrinpar, Vatche Agopian, Jonathan Hiatt, Ronald Busuttil
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: With the rising prevalence in the US of alcoholism, obesity, and metabolic syndrome and better treatments for hepatitis B and C, steatohepatitis is projected to become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by 2025. Objective, Setting, and Design: Using a prospectively collected database, we analyzed clinical and pathologic features of HCC in patients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) for steatohepatitis due to non-alcoholic (NASH) and alcoholic causes (ALD) between 1/1/02 and 12/31/11 in a large urban transplant center. We further compared patients with HCC due to NASH (N-HCC) and ALD (A-HCC). Results: HCC was present in 80 of 317 patients who underwent LT for steatohepatitis with equivalent distribution in NASH and ALD patients (24% vs 26%;P=0.8). On multivariate analysis, age and diabetes were associated with HCC in the explant but not BMI, hypertension, or smoking; hyperlipidemia was protective (Table). Among patients with HCC, N-HCC patients were more likely than A-HCC patients to be female (58% vs 4%;P&amp;lt;0.0001) and have metabolic syndrome (27% vs 9%;P=0.025). On pathology, N-HCC patients were also more likely to have steatosis (76% vs 34%;P&amp;lt;0.001), steatohepatitis (67% vs 19%;P&amp;lt;0.0001), or nuclear grade 1 or 2 (89% vs 67%;P=0.03). Five-year survival was similar in N-HCC and A-HCC (67% vs 68%;P=1). Conclusions: We report the largest series of liver transplantation for HCC in steatohepatitis. Metabolic factors such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia appear to play large and independent promoting and protective roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. Modulation of causative factors may be important in management of this increasingly common obesity-related disease. Table. Multivariate Predictors of HCC Presence in Explant Table. Multivariate Predictors of HCC Presence in Explant HR P Age &amp;gt; 60 y 2.07 0.002 Diabetes 1.64 0.04 Male gender 1.47 0.18 Hypertension 1.31 0.26 NASH etiology 0.93 0.77 Smoking 0.90 0.64 BMI &amp;gt; 35 kg/m2 0.71 0.30 Hyperlipidemia 0.33 0.02 Citation Format: Ali Zarrinpar, Vatche Agopian, Jonathan Hiatt, Ronald Busuttil. Metabolic factors and hepatocarcinogenesis in steatohepatitis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4825. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4825 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Postnatal Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 from Mother to Infant
Authors: Philippe Van de Perre, Arlette Simonon, Philippe Msellati, Deo-Gratias Hitimana, Dolores Vaira, Anatholie Bazubagira, Christiaan Van Goethem, Anna-Maria Stevens, Etienne Karita, Danièle Sondag-Thull, François Dabis, Philippe Lepage
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Although transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1 ) from mother to infant has been well documented during pregnancy and delivery, little is known about the possible transmission of HIV-1 during the postnatal period.
Is changing hypothalamic activity important for control of ovulation?
Authors: R N Clayton, J P Royston, J Chapman, M Wilson, M Obhrai, R S Sawers, S S Lynch
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The activity of the hypothalamic gonadotrophin releasing hormone pulse generator in women with regular ovulatory and anovulatory menstrual cycles was assessed to see whether changes therein are important determinants of normal and impaired ovarian function. Endogenous gonadotrophin releasing hormone secretion was inferred by measurement of the pituitary luteinising hormone response by characterisation of pulsatile luteinising hormone release over eight hours on three occasions during the course of follicular development and once during the luteal stage of the same cycles. In 13 ovulatory cycles (serum progesterone concentration greater than 25 nmol/l) confirmed by ovarian ultrasonography a pronounced variability in luteinising hormone pulse patterns among subjects was compatible with ovulation. In the luteal stage of ovulatory cycles the luteinising hormone interpeak interval (85 min, range 42-125) was significantly longer than that during the early follicular (64 min, 40-103), mid-follicular (62 min, 37-107), and late follicular (59 min, 39-80) stages of the same cycles. Thus in ovulatory cycles no increase in frequency of the gonadotrophin releasing hormone pulse generator was detected during follicular development, though this activity decreased in the luteal stage. In five late follicular stage studies in which part of the preovulatory luteinising hormone surge was captured no change in pulse frequency of luteinising hormone was detected compared with the mid-follicular stage of the same cycles or when compared with the late follicular stage of other cycles when no luteinising hormone surge was captured. Though mean luteinising hormone concentrations in luteinising hormone surge series (36 IU/l) were high, the amplitude of luteinising hormone pulses (165%) was only slightly greater than during non-surge late follicular stage studies (145%). Hence no change in hypothalamic gonadotrophin releasing hormone activity is required to generate the preovulatory discharge of luteinising hormone in man, which occurs as a result of the sensitising action of rising oestradiol concentrations on pituitary responsiveness to the same hypothalamic input signal. Luteinising hormone pulse frequency, peak amplitude, and mean serum luteinising hormone concentrations in seven anovulatory cycles (progesterone concentration less than 10 nmol/l) were not different from those at comparable stages of ovulatory cycles. These data suggest that the primary abnormality in this group of regularly menstruating anovulatory women lies in the ovary rather than in the hypothalamic control of the anterior pituitary.
A retrospective study addressed to understanding what predicts severe histological dysplasia/early melanoma in excised atypical melanocytic lesions
Authors: R.M. Strauss, F. Elliott, P. Affleck, A.P. Boon, J.A. Newton-Bishop
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article A retrospective study addressed to understanding what predicts severe histological dysplasia/early melanoma in excised atypical melanocytic lesions Get access R.M. Strauss, R.M. Strauss Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary and St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Elliott, F. Elliott Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Affleck, P. Affleck Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.P. Boon, A.P. Boon Department of Histopathology, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. Newton‐Bishop J.A. Newton‐Bishop Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary and St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, U.K.Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, U.K. Correspondence: J.A. Newton Bishop. E‐mail: j.newton‐bishop@cancer.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 4, 1 October 2007, Pages 758–764, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08136.x Published: 01 October 2007
Imaging in Early-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Malik E. Juweid, Julie M. Vose
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: Data on exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation from medical imaging procedures indicate that medical imaging can potentially harm patients if the cumulative radiation dose becomes excessive. 1This concern, in conjunction with the present environment of high medical costs, makes it important to identify practices in which it is prudent to eliminate medical imaging that is neither cost-effective nor beneficial.There is a good case for eliminating unnecessary imaging in patients with nonbulky early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma.Not only is the recurrence rate 10% or less with the best standard of care, but also approximately 80% of these recurrences are first identified by the patient or the examining physician without the use of imaging. 2-4This means that the addition of serial post-therapy imaging provides "earlier" disease detection in only about 2% of treated patients, with no proven benefit. 5Yet these patients, who are usually young, generally undergo 5 to 10 episodes of surveillance computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, or pelvis, often in addition to several episodes of positron-emission tomography (PET)-CT, within the initial 3 to 5 years of their treatment, resulting in an effective cumulative dose of over 50 mSv.Physicians should therefore question the use of imaging studies in these patients beyond those performed for assessment of a response or for clear-cut cases in which management decisions must be guided by imaging.At the most, yearly chest radiography, which is associated with a considerably lower radiation dose than CT or PET-CT, should be performed in patients with previous mediastinal disease.Any imaging beyond that is not only unjustified but also potentially harmful.
Chronic myeloid leukemia in the elderly: long-term results from randomized trials with interferon α
Authors: U Berger, G Engelich, O Maywald, M Pfirrmann, A Hochhaus, A Reiter, G Metzgeroth, U Gnad, J Hasford, B Heinze, H Heimpel, D K Hossfeld, H-J Kolb, H Löffler, H Pralle, W Queisser, R Hehlmann
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Resistance prediction in AML: analysis of 4601 patients from MRC/NCRI, HOVON/SAKK, SWOG and MD Anderson Cancer Center
Authors: Roland B. Walter, Megan Othus, Alan K. Burnett, Bob Löwenberg, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, Robert K. Hills, Farhad Ravandi, Thomas Pabst, Anna Evans, Sherry R. Pierce, Marie-Christiane Vekemans, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Elihu H. Estey
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Mastectomy rates for ductal carcinoma in situ vary widely in UK, audit shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Data from the UK NHS Breast Cancer Screening Programme show significant variation between hospitals in the number of women with ductal carcinoma in situ undergoing mastectomy when lumpectomy would normally be indicated, shows an audit reported last week at the European Breast Cancer Conference.1

Researchers analysed data from 8313 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ detected during screening from 2003 to 2012. They looked at information collected as part of an ongoing UK-wide prospective audit of screen detected non-invasive breast cancers and atypical hyperplasias. …
The Role of Pleuropneumonia-like Organisms in Genitourinary and Joint Diseases
Authors: Louis Dienes, Marian W. Ropes, William E. Smith, Sarabelle Madoff, Walter Bauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

ORGANISMS belonging to the pleuropneumonia group (L organisms∥) were first cultured from the human genitourinary tract in 19372 and have been recovered from this tract by several investigators since that time.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 No disease in human beings has yet been ascribed to such organisms, although they are known to cause important epizootic diseases in animals. This paper presents further observations on the incidence of these micro-organisms in human beings, with a discussion of their pathogenicity.The first organism of this type was cultivated in 1898 from cattle10 and recognized as the cause of one of the most important plagues of . . .
Chronic congestive heart failure after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
Authors: A P Rocchini, A Rosenthal, M Freed, A R Castaneda, A S Nadas
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The etiology of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) after repair of tetralogy of Fallot was determined in 102 patients consecutively catheterized 1 to 12 years postoperatively. Chronic CHF was observed in 36/102 patients. The most prevalent abnormality leading to congestive failure (31/36) was a large residual ventricular septal defect alone or in combination with other lesions. All postoperative patients with pulmonary to systemic flow ratios greater than 2:1 (25/102) had congestive failure and evidence of biventricular dysfunction. Significant tricuspid regurgitation (N = 11) and persistent systemic to pulmonary artery shunts (N = 6) contributed to volume overload and congestive failure in the patients with large residual ventricular septal defect. Isolated severe residual right ventricular outflow tract obstruction was a common cause of chronic CHF. Pulmonary artery hypertension was present in 20/36 patients with CHF. The increased pulmonary pressure was not wholly due to an increased pulmonary flow since 7/20 patients had pulmonary vascular resistance greater than 3 mm Hg/L/min/m2. Our findings indicate that persistent or chronic congestive heart failure in postoperative tetralogy of Fallot patients requires bilateral cardiac catherterization since an identifiable and surgically correctable lesion is nearly always present.
Correcting the Literature Following Fraudulent Publication
Authors: Paul J. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To gain a better understanding of the problem of dealing with publications whose integrity is subsequently challenged, experience in a well-documented case of research fraud was reviewed. At the University of California San Diego, a faculty committee evaluated 135 publications of Robert Slutsky, MD, and reported to each of the corresponding 30 journals whether each article was valid, questionable, or fraudulent, requesting publication of the criteria and the conclusions. Journals responded slowly to this request; half required additional letters over a 2-year period to elicit a reply. Of the 13 journals that had only valid articles, 5 printed a statement to that effect. Statements concerning 46 of 60 nonvalid articles were eventually published. Journals' inconsistent identification of published statements made it difficult to retrieve them by electronic searching. Only 7 notices covering 15 articles were found by searching under the Medical Subject Heading "Retraction of Publication"; scanning the entire bibliography retrieved 18 articles with retraction notations. A poll showed that journals rarely have written procedures for responding to allegations of research misconduct; in our experience, journals were reluctant to accept authorized retractions or corrections when coauthors failed to act.The problems of dealing with scientific publications whose integrity is subsequently challenged are documented in this review of a well-known case of research fraud. A faculty committee at the University of California at San Diego School of Medicine evaluated 135 publications by faculty member Robert Slutsky for evidence of fraudulent data. Friedman chronicles the difficulties the committee encountered in trying to make public its evaluations of Slutsky's data through the journals that originally had published his articles, which were asked to publish the committee's criteria and conclusions. The committee experienced problems both with locating and identifying the published notices, and with retrieving citations to retractions and validations using the computerized database MEDLINE. Friedman notes that few journals have policies or procedures for responding to requests for retractions, but believes that they have a responsibility to their readers and to science to do so.
MicroRNAs: powerful new regulators of heart disease and provocative therapeutic targets
Authors: Eva van Rooij, Eric N. Olson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

MicroRNAs act as negative regulators of gene expression by inhibiting the translation or promoting the degradation of target mRNAs. Recent studies have revealed key roles of microRNAs as regulators of the growth, development, function, and stress responsiveness of the heart, providing glimpses of undiscovered regulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of heart disease.
Pattern of Necrosis in Acute Viral Hepatitis
Authors: James L. Boyer, Gerald Klatskin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Of 170 patients with biopsy-documented acute viral hepatitis, 52 exhibited zones of hepatic necrosis and collapse that bridged adjacent portal triads or central veins (or both), a lesion classified as subacute hepatic necrosis (SHN). Whereas the clinical course in the 118 patients with the classic type of spotty necrosis (CH) was relatively benign, 19 per cent of those with SHN lesions died, and cirrhosis developed in 37 per cent. Ascites, edema and hepatic coma, which occurred in approximately a quarter of the SHN patients, were the only clinical manifestations that clearly distinguished between the two groups. The pattern of hepatic necrosis characterized by intralobular and interlobular bridging of portal triads or central veins, when found during the acute phase of viral hepatitis, indicates a severe form of the disease that may lead to fatal hepatic failure or the development of cirrhosis in a significant number of patients.
A Unique Researcher Identifier for the Physician Payments Sunshine Act
Authors: Daniel Carpenter, Steven Joffe
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Protection of Rat Bronchial Epithelium against Tobacco Smoke
Authors: R. Jones, P. Bolduc, L. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Addition to tobacco of phenylmethyloxadiazole (PMO) protects rats against some of the adverse effects of exposure to cigarette smoke. Two groups of 15 rats were exposed to 25 cigarettes a day for 24 days; the group whose cigarette included PMO showed less immediate distress after exposure, a smaller tracheal goblet cell count, less thickening of the tracheal epithelium, and less cells in mitosis than those exposed to ordinary tobacco.
Budget Woes, Sequester Place Researchers in a Bind
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract C10: Neural stem cells and lineage-restricted progenitors can initiate malignant astrocytoma formation in somatic tumor suppressor mouse models
Authors: Sheila R. Alcantara Llaguno, Jian Chen, Chang-Hyuk Kwon, Erica Jackson, Yanjiao Li, Jingsheng Yan, Yang Xie, Dennis K. Burns, Jane E. Johnson, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla, Luis F. Parada
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Malignant astrocytomas are infiltrative and incurable brain tumors. Despite profound therapeutic implications, the identity of the cell (or cells) of origin has not been rigorously determined. We previously reported mouse models based on conditional inactivation of the human astrocytoma-relevant tumor suppressors Nf1, p53, and Pten, wherein through somatic loss of heterozygosity, mutant mice develop tumors with 100% penetrance. In the present study, we show that tumor suppressor inactivation in neural stem cells induces malignant astrocytoma formation. Genetic targeting of lineage-restricted progenitors alone is also sufficient to initiate astrocytomas. We demonstrate in vivo that transformed cells and their progeny undergo infiltration and multi-lineage differentiation in situ during tumor development. Analysis of mutant mice several months prior to advanced disease shows defects in proliferation, differentiation, and migration, suggesting that these are requisite processes prior to tumor formation. Gene expression profiling in pre-symptomatic mutant mice provides insight into the molecular events involved during brain tumor development. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C10.
Malaria, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and Hb S.
Authors: P. Beaconsfield
Journal: BMJ (1967)

ContraceptivesSIR,-At a time when the Dunlop Committte on Safety of Drugs has just reported on the contraceptive pill and has, albeit with reservations, put a " safe " level on it, I for one am feeling more and more uneasy about prescribing it.The excellent paper by Drs.