tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phenylpropanolamine in Patients With Autonomic Impairment
Authors: Kurt Kroenke, Deborah Omori, John Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The study entitled "The Potent Pressor Effect of Phenylpropanolamine in Patients With Autonomic Impairment" by Biaggioni et al<sup>1</sup>has several serious flaws. First, there is no placebo arm. Before we can accept the authors' conclusion that "phenylpropanolamine [hydrochloride] is a potent pressor agent in patients with impaired autonomic function," we need to ask if a placebo might yield the same result. Reading the "Methods" section, one can picture the 14 study patients with autonomic dysfunction, hooked to monitors in a clinical research center, nervously swallowing pills they are told might raise their blood pressure. Indeed, the principles of informed consent would compel the investigators to disclose even more serious side effects that might occur. Blood pressure is too variable a physiological entity, and placebos too potent, for us to be certain that phenylpropanolamine was the major pressor in this study. Second, the investigators measured only<i>seated</i>
Selective inhibition of the contractile apparatus. A new approach to modification of infarct size, infarct composition, and infarct geometry during coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion.
Authors: D Garcia-Dorado, P Théroux, J M Duran, J Solares, J Alonso, E Sanz, R Munoz, J Elizaga, J Botas, F Fernandez-Avilés
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Myocardial reperfusion is associated with calcium overload and cell contracture, mechanisms that may precipitate cell death. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that in vivo inhibition of this contracture could lead to cell preservation in an open-chest large animal model. METHODS AND RESULTS Regional myocardium function was measured during a selective intracoronary infusion of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), a specific inhibitor of actin-myosin coupling, in the control state (10 pigs) and in a protocol of a 51-minute coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion (40 pigs). The effects on coronary artery blood flow in the basal state were also studied (seven pigs). Intramyocardial distribution of the infusate during coronary occlusion, myocardial water content after 30 minutes of reperfusion and area at risk, infarct size, type of histological necrosis, and infarct geometry after 24 hours of reperfusion were assessed. Methods used included electromagnetic flowmeter, radiolabeled microspheres, subendocardial sonomicrometers, fluorescein, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and Masson's trichrome staining, and computer quantification of infarct edges. In the absence of ischemia, BDM infusion inhibited regional shortening in a dose-dependent manner up to full systolic bulging while producing marked regional increase in coronary blood flow. During early reperfusion, BDM reduced end-diastolic length 76% more than the control infusion (p less than 0.05) and increased systolic bulging by 420% compared with no change in control animals. The ratio of infarct size/area at risk was reduced by 31% with BDM (p less than 0.05), with striking modifications of infarct histology and infarct geometry; specifically, the extent of contraction band necrosis was reduced by 63% from 105.5 +/- 18.2 to 39.2 +/- 13.6 mm2 (p less than 0.02), and more patches of necrosis (6.5 +/- 2.1 versus 1.6 +/- 0.4, p less than 0.05) and higher contour (7.7 +/- 1.2 versus 5.03 +/- 0.2, p less than 0.05) and fractal (12.1 +/- 1.3 versus 7.8 +/- 0.2, p less than 0.05) indexes were found. CONCLUSIONS Selective intracoronary infusion of BDM at doses inhibiting regional wall motion decreased infarct size after reperfusion. The effects of BDM on regional function, the reduction in contraction band necrosis at histology, and the peculiar configuration of these infarcts all suggest that inhibition of contracture can interfere with cell-to-cell progression of myocardial necrosis, supporting a role for contracture in reperfusion-induced cell death.
Psychiatric discharge summaries: differing requirements of psychiatrists and general practitioners.
Authors: N. Craddock, B. Craddock
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The similar serum phosphate concentrations found in our patient and in the control subjects by this method suggest that little if any excess phosphate was present; we confirmed this with binding studies using phos- phorus-32 (data not shown).These findings suggest that a paraprotein interfered in an undetermined way with the chromogenic assay and the apparent high serum phosphate concentration can be described as pseudohyperphosphataemia.As many patients with myeloma have concurrent renal impairment3 cautious interpretation of apparent hyperphosphataemia is required before specific treatment is given.
Telomerase reverse transcriptase protects ATM-deficient hematopoietic stem cells from ROS-induced apoptosis through a telomere-independent mechanism
Authors: Eriko Nitta, Masayuki Yamashita, Kentaro Hosokawa, MingJi Xian, Keiyo Takubo, Fumio Arai, Shinichiro Nakada, Toshio Suda
Journal: Blood (2011)
The Care of the Geriatric Patient
Authors: F. D. Zeman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The professional acceptance of this timely, well-written textbook is attested by a third edition within ten years. It has undergone a revision involving special efforts to incorporate new viewpoints. Chapters have been added on exercise, vascular surgery, eye disorders, otorhino-laryngology, urology, and dermatologic aspects. The increasing awareness of the social responsibilities of the physician is brought out in new chapters: Living Arrangements for the Elderly, The Patient and the Physician, as well as The Geriatric Patient in the Community. Particularly noteworthy is the chapter on spiritual aspects written by a rabbi, a Protestant pastor, and a Roman Catholic priest. The volume is recommended to physicians and students who wish to familiarize themselves with current viewpoints in this area of medical and social problems which have become one of the absorbing interests of our time. A special commendation is due to the editor who, while not a clinician, has directed his
Conservative Therapy for Low Back Pain
Authors: Richard A. Deyo
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Conservative therapies for low back pain (LBP) entail expense, work loss, and risk of side effects. Because many competing modalities have been advocated, 59 therapeutic trials were examined for adherence to 11 methodological criteria. Common problems included failure to randomize subjects, use "blind" observers, measure compliance, and adequately describe co-interventions. Applicability of many studies was unclear because of inadequate descriptions of patients, interventions, and relevant outcomes. Flexion exercises, administration of each of three drugs, one traction method, and certain manipulations were each supported by single studies of reasonable validity, but the importance of the results and their applicability to particular types of LBP were unclear. Valid trials supporting use of corsets, bed rest, transcutaneous nerve stimulation, and conventional traction were not found. Better methodological rigor is possible with newer techniques for ensuring blindness to therapy, measuring compliance, and assessing outcomes.
Effect of <i>Rauwolfa serpentina</i> and Reserpine on the Blood Pressure in Essential Hypertension
Authors: MURRAY B. SHELDON, J. HAROLD KOTTE
Journal: Circulation (1957)

A 2-year double-blind study of 18 ambulatory patients treated with Rauwolfia serpentina and reserpine is presented, with a statistical evaluation by the method of analysis of variance.
Firearms Sales via “Gun Show Loophole” Thwart Efforts to Reduce Gun Violence
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Doctor of Primary Medicine (PMD)
Authors: Samuel Proger
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The American population, its health expectations, medical science's capacity to make a difference in the course of disease, consumer purchasing power, and both poverty and middle-class demand for medical services all have substantially increased during a 40-year period when the number and percentage of physicians interested principally in providing primary care have substantially decreased. Where three of every four physicians used to be in general practice, only one of four is found there today. The revolution of American medical education in the more than half century since the Flexner report is a success story. Medical faculties and teaching hospitals have moved the undergraduate and graduate training of students in the direction of science, scholarship, specialization, and predominantly toward the hospital care of patients. The price of this success has been a loss of interest in career commitments to primary care. The public demand for easily accessible, readily available, first-contact medical
Adverse Reaction to Duck Embryo Rabies Vaccine
Authors: James P. Luby, Stephen R. Jones, Armand J. Wohl, Howard R. Toben
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 September 1974Adverse Reaction to Duck Embryo Rabies VaccineJAMES P. LUBY, M.D., STEPHEN R. JONES, M.D., ARMAND J. WOHL, M.D., HOWARD R. TOBEN, PH.D.JAMES P. LUBY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, STEPHEN R. JONES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ARMAND J. WOHL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HOWARD R. TOBEN, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-3-400_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent analysis of the adverse reactions to duck embryo rabies vaccine, Rubin and associates (1) cite 13 cases involving the nervous system and lasting for more than 4 days among a total of approximately 424 000 persons receiving treatment courses of the vaccine between 1958 and 1971. An additional case was subsequently reported (2). We report here an additional two cases that occurred in Dallas, Texas, during 1972 and 1973.On 18 July 1972, a 60-year-old rancher was unprovokedly bitten by his pet dog that subsequently disappeared. On 28 July, the patient was started on...References1. RUBINHATTWICKJONES RMS: Adverse reactions to duck embryo rabies vaccine. Range and incidence. Ann Intern Med 78:643-650, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. MOZARFINNEGANPETZOLD HFH: Myelopathy after duck embryo rabies vaccine. JAMA 224:1605-1607, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JAMES P. LUBY, M.D.; STEPHEN R. JONES, M.D.; ARMAND J. WOHL, M.D.; HOWARD R. TOBEN, PH.D.Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Dallas, Texas 75235 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIgM deposits at nodes of ranvier in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anti-GM1 antibodies, and multifocal motor conduction blockRabies 1 September 1974Volume 81, Issue 3Page: 400-401KeywordsAdverse reactionsEmbryosNervous systemRabiesVaccines ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
High cereblon expression is associated with better survival in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with thalidomide maintenance
Authors: Annemiek Broyl, Rowan Kuiper, Mark van Duin, Bronno van der Holt, Laila el Jarari, Uta Bertsch, Sonja Zweegman, Arjan Buijs, Dirk Hose, Henk M. Lokhorst, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Pieter Sonneveld
Journal: Blood (2012)
The Role of the DSM-5 Personality Trait Model in Moving Toward a Quantitative and Empirically Based Approach to Classifying Personality and Psychopathology
Authors: Robert F. Krueger, Kristian E. Markon
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2013)

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) represents a watershed moment in the history of official psychopathology classification systems because it is the first DSM to feature an empirically based model of maladaptive personality traits. Attributes of patients with personality disorders were discussed by the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group and then operationalized and refined in the course of an empirical project that eventuated in the construction of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). We review research to date on the DSM-5 trait model, with a primary aim of discussing how this kind of research could serve to better tether the DSM to data as it continues to evolve. For example, studies to date suggest that the DSM-5 trait model provides reasonable coverage of personality pathology but also suggest areas for continued refinement. This kind of research provides a way of evolving psychopathology classification on the basis of research evidence as opposed to clinical authority.
Autoantibodies binding to citrullinated telopeptide of type II collagen and to cyclic citrullinated peptides predict synergistically the development of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M.-K. Koivula, M. Heliovaara, J. Ramberg, P. Knekt, H. Rissanen, T. Palosuo, J. Risteli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To find out whether autoantibodies to citrullinated telopeptides of type I and II collagens and to cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCPs) predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Methods:</h3> A case-control study (matched for sex, age and municipality) was nested within a Finnish cohort of 19072 adults who had neither arthritis nor a history of it at the baseline examination during 1973–7. 124 subjects developed RA by late 1989, and of these, 89 were positive for rheumatoid factor (RF). Preillness serum specimens were analysed for autoantibodies against arginine (A)- or citrulline (C)-containing synthetic telopeptides using a chemiluminescence method and for anti-CCPs Mark2 with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. <h3>Results:</h3> The mean levels of autoantibodies to citrulline-containing telopeptides and the C/A ratios of type I and II collagens and to CCP were higher in subjects who later developed RF-positive RA. In the highest tertiles of C/A (I), C/A (II) ratios and anti-CCPs levels, the relative risk of RF-positive RA was significantly increased. In the multifactorial model, only anti-CCPs retained its statistical significance. However, the interaction term of C/A (II) ratio and anti-CCPs proved to be statistically significant (p = 0.02). The subjects ranked into the highest tertiles of both C/A (II) ratio and anti-CCPs had an odds ratio of 20.06 (95% confidence interval, 4.37 to 92.06) of developing RF-positive RA compared with those in the lowest tertiles of these antibodies. None of the autoantibodies predicted RF-negative RA. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Autoantibodies to citrullinated telopeptides of type I and II collagen and to CCPs exert a synergistic effect on the risk of seropositive RA.
Sleep apnoea in women
Authors: N. Edwards, I. Wilcox, C. E Sullivan
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Until recently the occurrence of sleep disordered breathing in premenopausal women has been considered to be so low as to be insignificant and, as a result, research into the consequent cardiovascular risk in this group has been completely neglected. However, recent epidemiological evidence based on sleep clinic data suggests that the incidence of significant sleep disordered breathing in young women (30–49 years) is as high as 4.9% (fig1).1 Furthermore, while morbidity of women in the general population is lower than in men, recent epidemiological evidence suggests that five year survival is significantly poorer in women with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) than in a similar population of men.2 Thus, assessment of factors which may contribute to poorer outcomes in these women is important.



Figure 1 
Age specific estimates of sleep disordered breathing in women. Contrary to many reports, these data suggest that the incidence of significant sleep disordered breathing in young women (most of whom will be premenopausal) is a significant public health issue. Modified from Young et al.1 



Men with OSA have an excess of known cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity (particularly central obesity), and increased insulin resistance.3 There is increasing evidence to suggest that OSA interacts adversely with these factors. This interaction occurs during both wakefulness and sleep. Epidemiological evidence assembled in a community based population study in the USA suggests that, after adjusting for independent risk factors associated with hypertension, OSA was independently responsible for up to a fivefold increase in the incidence of hypertension.4 Furthermore, Carlson and coworkers5 suggest that, while OSA is an independent risk factor for hypertension, it also has an additive effect when combined with age and obesity. Thus, blood pressure control is seriously compromised in men as a result of the presence of OSA. Similar …
Head and Spine Imaging
Authors: Franklin Earnest
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This book, assembled from the work of 33 contributors, is devoted almost entirely to computed tomography (CT) imaging, with brief discussions of other neuroimaging procedures, including sonography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance. The text is divided into seven parts: basic principles, brain imaging, orbital imaging, the skull, complications, spinal imaging, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The review of basic CT principles and operation is quite complete and would be of help to students of radiology and others unfamiliar with CT imaging. Chapters on neurosonography and positron emission tomography are brief but well illustrated. There is an extensive, well-illustrated, and annotated section devoted to neuroanatomy with CT and magnetic resonance correlation. The chapters discussing pathological cerebral conditions in children are complete, informative, well referenced, and beautifully illustrated. They almost justify purchase of the text in themselves. The section on imaging of the pediatric and adult spine is also complete and well
RESPONSE OF PERSONS VACCINATED WITH TRIPLE TYPHOID VACCINE
Authors: WALTER V. BREM
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The object of this report is (1) to record the clinical reactions of 134 persons vaccinated with the "triple vaccine" to immunize them against the typhoid group of diseases; (2) to record the titrations of the serums of 110 of the vaccinated persons, and (3) to report some phenomena observed during the work. Rawling's strain of<i>B. typhosus</i>was used. For the culture of this strain and, also, for the cultures of<i>B. paratyphosus</i>A and B, we are indebted to the California State Hygienic Laboratory. These strains were used both in the preparation of the vaccine and in titrations of serums. The vaccine was prepared so that 1 c.c. contained of the agar grown, heat killed (60 C.) organisms<i>B. typhosus</i>, 500,000,000;<i>B. paratyphosus</i>A, 250,000,000, and<i>B. paratyphosus</i>B, 250,000,000. The vaccine was given by three subcutaneous injections at ten-day intervals, the quantities being, respectively, 0.5, 1 and
THE ARTHUS PHENOMENON: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: Fred E. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1934)

A local necrosis following infrequently repeated subcutaneous injections of horse serum was first noted by Arthus, experimenting with rabbits, in 1903. He described the occurrence of a characteristic set of symptoms which has since been known as the Arthus phenomenon. The symptoms seem to be due to an anaphylactic reaction of antibodies with a specific antigen, which results in the formation of a toxic substance causing local necrosis in the tissues. The reaction is specific for the antigen used. Since the publication of these and other studies, clinical instances of the Arthus phenomenon have been recorded in the literature with increasing frequency. The results of an exhaustive study of the clinical and serologic aspects of the condition have been reported by Tumpeer and Cope.<sup>1</sup>A case exhibiting this phenomenon is here reported. A boy, aged 4½ years, had been given toxin-antitoxin for diphtheria immunization a year previously. November 22,
Spontaneous Hematoma of the Abdominal Wall in Pregnancy
Authors: David Rose
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE occurrence of spontaneous hematoma of the abdominal wall in pregnancy is relatively rare. Perusal of the literature reveals a complication of 28 cases by Torpin.1 Thomas2 reported an additional case that involved a full-term pregnancy, with a resultant live mother and a dead baby. Cesarean section was performed after the patient had gone into shock. Dawson3 reported the occurrence of hematoma in a full-term pregnancy. Cesarean section was performed and a live baby was delivered. Liggett4 reported a case in a sextipara at seven months in which he operated and ligated the ruptured blood vessel. Two months later a . . .
Antibodies to a cell surface histone-like protein protect against Histoplasma capsulatum
Authors: Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Judith N. Steenbergen, Li Shi, George S. Deepe, Arturo Casadevall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

A protective role for antibodies has not previously been described for host defense against the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc). Mouse mAb's were generated from mice immunized with Hc yeast that binds the cell surface of Hc. Administration of mAb's before Hc infection reduced fungal burden, decreased pulmonary inflammation, and prolonged survival in a murine infection model. Protection mediated by mAb's was associated with enhanced levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ in the lungs of infected mice. The mAb's increased phagocytosis of yeast by J774.16 cells through a CR3-dependent process. Ingestion of mAb-opsonized Hc by J774.16 macrophage-like cells was associated with yeast cell growth inhibition and killing. The mAb's bound to a 17-kDa antigen expressed on the surface of Hc. The antigen was identified as a histone H2B–like protein. This study establishes that mAb's to a cell surface protein of Hc alter the intracellular fate of the fungus and mediate protection in a murine model of lethal histoplasmosis, and it suggests a new candidate antigen for vaccine development.
What Counts as Empirical Research in Bioethics and Where Do We Find the Stuff?
Authors: James M. DuBois
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1 One could also develop an ontology and principles to address ethics as a cross-species enterprise, one that addresses our relationship to all living creatures—though presumably the ethical principles would differ (e.g., autonomy might make less sense when applied to vegetative life).