tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Malabsorption Due to Cholecystokinin Deficiency in a Patient with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type I
Authors: Christoph Högenauer, Richard L. Meyer, George J. Netto, Diana Bell, Katherine H. Little, Laura Ferries, Carol A. Santa Ana, Jack L. Porter, John S. Fordtran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I is an autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene.1 Its hallmarks are the failure of multiple endocrine glands due to an autoimmune process, susceptibility to chronic candida infection because of a T-cell defect, and dystrophy of ectodermal tissues.2 The most common endocrine manifestations are hypoparathyroidism and adrenal failure. Hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and hypopituitarism may also occur. Nonendocrine manifestations include enamel hypoplasia, nail dystrophy, keratoconjunctivitis, and pernicious anemia.2,3 Except for candidiasis, patients with this syndrome have no apparent susceptibility to infections. About 20 percent of patients with . . .
Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars: Author's reply
Authors: David Ogilvie
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars Vested interests doom puny healthcare interventionsEditor-Ogilvy et al's systematic review on promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars treats motoring as if it were a disease that can be cured, without examining the social forces that lead to car use. 1 The effects they find in their review are hardly surprising, given the social currents opposing them: car advertising, predict and provide road planning, the giant car "park," and other horrors of surburbia.Big business and big government alike have a vested interest in its continued growth.Those who have bought into this motor dependent lifestyle can be trusted to extend the infliction of motor tyranny on everyone else: motorists object to being taxed, although they are major polluters, or confined by speed limits, although they killed 3508 people in Britain last year.I try to undermine this metal carapaced horde.Any driver suffering from a condition in which lack of exercise is a factor: hypertension, obesity, stress, depression-much of the general practice caseload in fact-is told to sell their car and get a bike instead.I do have my successesfor example, a man in his 50s who came back to his follow up appointment, saying he wished he lived further from work so he had more time on his bike every day.But when I look at the vested interests lined up against me-not least George W Bush's latest oil grab-I wonder why I bother.Urban doctors who continue to drive are particularly depressing.Since when do you need a car to carry a briefcase?
Antiseptic Treatment of Smallpox.
Authors: Alonzo Bryan
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Detroit, Mich, May 2, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journalof March 16, page 771, there is an abstract of a paper of mine. If the abstract is allowed to stand without further comment it will injure me in my claim to priority in the antiseptic treatment of smallpox. By it the medical profession might infer that I had only suggested a "local (antiseptic) method treatment," whereas the whole burthen of my endeavor as to treatment since January 14, 1895, at which time I delivered an original paper on the pathology and antiseptic treatment of smallpox, before the Detroit Medical and Library Association—has been to induce medical men to evolve a complete and perfect treatment in which antiseptic baths should be the principal and effective part employed in the management of variola. On the same date, 1895, I originally announced the principle that the true smallpox only extends so
Serum levels of bone cytokines in indolent systemic mastocytosis associated with osteopenia or osteoporosis
Authors: Maurizio Rossini, Silvano Adami, Roberta Zanotti, Ombretta Viapiana, Luca Idolazzi, Marta Biondan, Davide Gatti
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
CULTIVATION OF RICKETTSIA-LIKE MICROORGANISMS FROM THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER TICK, DERMACENTOR ANDERSONI
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

A systematic study of 74 ticks, the infectivity or non-infectivity of which was determined by biting experiments, inoculation of emulsions, and specific immunity tests, showed the presence in some instances of several types of microorganisms morphologically resembling the inciting microorganism of spotted fever. The most frequently isolated was B. rickettsiformis, n. sp., those less commonly encountered were B. pseudoxerosis, n. sp., and B. equidistans, n. sp. These organisms are non-pathogenic for the guinea pig, rabbit, and Macacus rhesus. In morphological features they resemble the forms found in smears and sections of the ticks, yet their presence had no relation to infectivity. Immunologically they are not related to the spotted fever virus. All three are pleomorphic under cultural conditions, and the question arises whether or not the minute non-pathogenic Rickettsia forms and the somewhat coarser symbionts found in Dermacentor andersoni are morphological variations due to variations in nutrition, oxygen tension, tissue reactions, etc., in the different tissues and cells in which the organisms are embedded. At all events, the differentiation of the non-pathogenic Rickettsia-like organisms from Dermacentroxenus rickettsi is extremely difficult. In definitely infective ticks of the present study intranuclear forms were not constant. A point of special interest is that these non-pathogenic micro-organisms from ticks grow best at room temperature, in this respect resembling culturally certain flagellates inhabiting the alimentary tract of insects. The difficulty of obtaining initial growth on artificial media and the gradual adaptation to less specialized media are other notable characteristics of these organisms. The possibility that B. rickettsiformis is a non-pathogenic phase of the spotted fever organism, comparable with the avirulent flagellate culture forms of Leishmanias, seems remote in view of the negative immunological findings. Hereditary transmission of B. rickettsiformis is clearly indicated by its presence in large numbers in ovaries and egg cells, a characteristic also of the spotted fever organism and of other insect-borne Rickettsiæ.
Unexplained death in fit young people.
Authors: M. Bass
Journal: BMJ (1992)

found for 35 drugs.Contrary to hospital advice, 59 drugs were issued in childproof containers.We had spent time counselling the patients on their treatment before discharge.We had attempted to improve communication by sending a copy of the discharge prescription to the general practitioner by first class post and alerting the practice surgery by telephone to the patient's discharge.Closer communication between hospital and community care professionals is clearly required.Hospitals should endeavour to inform general practitioners of patients' discharge on the day of discharge or the next working day, and a subse- quent home visit by either the doctor or a liaison health visitor would facilitate continuity of treat- ment.We agree that a more active role for community pharmacists would help iron out potential sources of confusion in nomenclature, timing of doses, and containers and would benefit this vulnerable group of patients.
Missense mutations in the ABCB6 transporter cause dominant familialpseudohyperkalemia
Authors: Immacolata Andolfo, Seth L. Alper, Jean Delaunay, Carla Auriemma, Roberta Russo, Roberta Asci, Maria Rosaria Esposito, Alok K. Sharma, Boris E. Shmukler, Carlo Brugnara, Lucia De Franceschi, Achille Iolascon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Familial Pseudohyperkalemia (FP) is a dominant red cell trait characterized by increased serum [K(+)] in whole blood stored at or below room temperature, without additional hematological abnormalities. Functional gene mapping and sequencing analysis of the candidate genes within the 2q35-q36 critical interval identified-in 20 affected individuals among three multigenerational FP families-two novel heterozygous missense mutations in the ABCB6 gene that cosegregated with disease phenotype. The two genomic substitutions altered two adjacent nucleotides within codon 375 of ABCB6, a porphyrin transporter that, in erythrocyte membranes, bears the Langereis blood group antigen system. The ABCB6 R375Q mutation did not alter the levels of mRNA or protein, or protein localization in mature erythrocytes or erythroid precursor cells, but it is predicted to modestly alter protein structure. ABCB6 mRNA and protein levels increase during in vitro erythroid differentiation of CD34(+) erythroid precursors and the erythroleukemia cell lines HEL and K562. These data suggest that the two missense mutations in residue 375 of the ABCB6 polypeptide found in affected individuals of families with chromosome 2-linked FP could contribute to the red cell K(+) leak characteristic of this condition.
Synergistic decrease of clonal proliferation, induction of differentiation, and apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells after combined treatment with novel 20-epi vitamin D3 analogs and 9-cis retinoic acid.
Authors: E Elstner, M Linker-Israeli, J Le, T Umiel, P Michl, J W Said, L Binderup, J C Reed, H P Koeffler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) usually relapse after all-trans retinoic acid (RA) treatment because this therapy fails to eradicate the malignant clone. Our data showed that KH 1060 and other 20-epi vitamin D3 analogs alone were potent inhibitors of clonal growth of NB4 cells, an APL cell line (ED50, approximately 5 x 10(-11) M). The combination of KH 1060 and 9-cis-RA synergistically and irreversibly enhanced this effect. Neither KH 1060 nor 9-cis-RA (10(-6) M, 3 d) were strong inducers of differentiation of NB4 cells. However, 98% of the cells underwent differentiation to a mature phenotype with features of both granulocytes and monocytes after exposure to a combination of both compounds. Apoptosis only increased after incubation of NB4 cells with 9-cis-RA alone (28%) or with a combination of 9-cis-RA plus KH1060 (32%). Immunohistochemistry showed that the bcl-2 protein decreased from nearly 100% of the wild-type NB4 cells to 2% after incubation with a combination of KH 1060 and 9-cis-RA, and the bax protein increased from 50% of wild-type NB4 cells to 92% after culture with both analogs (5 x 10(-7) M, 3 d). Western blot analysis paralleled these results. Studies of APL cells from one untreated individual paralleled our results with NB4 cells. Taken together, the data demonstrated that nearly all of the NB4 cells can be irreversibly induced to differentiate terminally when exposed to the combination of KH 1060 and 9-cis-RA.
Role of Platelets in Glomerulonephritis
Authors: John P. Hayslett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

After renal biopsy was introduced in the 1950s, rapid strides were made in the recognition of specific patterns of renal injury early in the course of renal disease. In 1964 the lesion of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (also referred to as mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis) was identified. The hallmark of this lesion is a proliferation of mesangial cells with a marked increase in the matrix of the mesangium. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that extension of the matrix along the inner aspect of the peripheral capillary basement membrane was responsible for the apparent thickening of the capillary wall and caused reduplication of the basement membrane with . . .
Two Cases of Pernicious Anaemia Treated with Vitamin B12d
Authors: G. C. K. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1951)

ME1 12 12MDCLTUNA draw further conclusions, but a more detailed report on the value of these and other fractions and concentrates of the vitamin.B,2 group will be published in due course.My thanks are due to Dr. E. Lester Smith and his associates, of Glaxo-Laboratories Ltd., Greenford, for supplies of differentiated mepabers of the vitamin B,, group; to those physicians, pathologists, and general practitioners who referred relapsed cases of pernicious anaemia for investigation; and to my technical staff, particularly Mr. S.
Abstract 1899: Zero Calcium Score does Not Exclude Significant Coronary Stenosis : Incremental Value of 64-slice Cardiac Computed Tomography over Calcium Scan
Authors: Sampoornima Setty, Tara Jarreau, Sargis Khoobiar, Marc Cohen, Chunguang Chen
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Although coronary calcium assessment has been demonstrated to be strongly associated with significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and future cardiac events, it is still not clear whet...
CONTROL OF LEAD POISONING IN THE WORKER
Authors: ELSTON L. BELKNAP
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Because of the inability of engineering to eliminate lead exposure at its source, the scientifically proved method of control by Aub and his associates has been applied to lead absorption and its acute toxic episodes in the supervision and treatment of approximately 500 cases of lead exposure, 200 of absorption, and 100 of intoxication. The present demonstration of these principles has been effected by a diagnostic division of cases into absorption (1) plus severe intoxication requiring hospitalization, (2) plus mild intoxication, not disabling, (3) plus only laboratory signs of intoxication, and (4) without even laboratory signs of latent intoxication. Except for the first actually disabled group, the other three potentially disabled groups have been treated with the worker at work. Such treatment must (1) start before disability, (2) utilize calcium advisedly but not as a routine, and (3) consider under perfect laboratory and clinical control that artificial deleading is superior
Trifluoperazine Inhibits the Contraction of Cultured Rat Cardiac Cells and the Phosphorylation of Myosin Light Chain
Authors: Irwin Klein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Cultured, spontaneously beating heart cells were used to study the role of calmodulin in regulating cardiac contraction. Trifluoperazine (TFP), an antipsychotic drug that binds to calmodulin, reversibly inhibited myocardial contraction. This effect occurred over a TFP concentration range of 5-100 μM with half maximal activity at ∼15 μM TFP. When the phosphoprotein profile of TFP-treated cells was compared with control cultures, there was a significant decrease in 32P content of the 20,000-D myosin light chain. As measured by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the fraction of phosphorylated myosin light chain decreased from 0.31±0.06 in control to 0.16±0.05 in TFP-treated cells (P < 0.05). This inhibition of protein phosphorylation was relatively selective, as two other phosphoproteins (∼ 41,000 and 36,000 D) were unaffected, and a third protein (∼ 28,000 D) showed an increase in 32P activity. In contrast, the cessation of spontaneous beating by 50 mM KCl did not reproduce these changes. This inhibition of contraction mediated by TFP associated with alterations in the phosphorylation of certain cardiac phosphoproteins suggests a role for calmodulin and for the myosin light chain in the regulation of cardiac cell contraction.
PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE IN GRAFTED CELLS
Authors: Norman W. Nisbet, Morten Simonsen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

The primary immune response elicited by host antigens in a grafted population of immunologically competent cells has been compared in conditions where the same dose of parental cells were grafted simultaneously to F1 hybrid embryos of 13 or 17 days of age. The enlarged chimeric spleens harvested 4 days later were analyzed for donor cell proliferation by using the sex chromosomes as karyological markers, and for proliferation of immunological activity by means of transfer to secondary hosts of the same genotype. Whereas the total number of dividing donor cells were on the average 16 times higher in 17-day than in 13-day hosts, the recovery of immunological reactivity showed a 6- to 7-fold difference in the opposite direction. The experiments cast doubt on the proposition that cellular proliferation is necessary for development of a primary immune response. They suggest that there exists an alternative way in which a primary immune response may unfold from involving a few to involving a much larger number of cells.
<i>Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Inflamed Infusion Sites With Insulin-Pump Therapy
Authors: Ineke van Faassen, Peter P A Razenberg, Alberdina M Simoons-Smit, Eduard A van der Veen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

The most common complication of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is inflammation at the infusion site. To determine possible risk factors to these infections, we studied several factors in the management of CSII and compared the pyogenic skin inflammation rate, the carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus, and the HbA, level among 50 CSII-treated diabetic patients, 50 diabetic patients on insulin injections, 48 diabetic patients on oral medication, and 40 healthy volunteers. There was no increased carriage rate of S. aureus among CSII-treated patients (42%) as compared with the other groups. An unexpected inverse relationship existed between HbA, level and carriage rate in the CSII-treated group (HbA, 5–8%, n = 16, 69%; HbA, 8–10% n = 15, 40%; HbA, &amp;gt;10, n = 19, 21% P = .02). Pyogenic skin inflammations were reported by 24 (48%) CSII-treated patients, of which 18 had infected infusion sites, 6 (12%) insulin injecting patients, 2 (4%) patients on oral medication, and 3 (8%) healthy volunteers (P &amp;lt; .01). The occurrence of inflamed infusion sites was not associated with carriage of S. aureus, the indwelling time of the needle, or the insulin dosage per day. There was an association, however, with the type of insulin preparation classified according to the added preservative: m-cresolcontaining insulin (n = 24, 54%); methyl phydroxybenzoate- containing insulin (n = 26, 19%, P = .02). We concluded that the carriage of S. aureus is not increased among diabetic patients on CSII treatment and is not a risk factor in the occurrence of inflammation at the infusion site. The type of preservative in the insulin preparation seems to be of importance in the development of these local inflammations.
Subtypes of Hepatitis B Antigen in Blood Donors and Post-transfusion Hepatitis: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects
Authors: S. Iwarson, L. Magnius, A. Lindholm, P. Lundin
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Subtyping of hepatitis B antigen (HBA) in blood donors revealed subtype ad in 56% while patients with icteric post-transfusion hepatitis from the same centre showed subtype ay in the majority of the cases (75%). Donors with subtype ad in serum were mostly asymptomatic long-term carriers of the antigen with normal liver function (83%), while 70% of donors with subtype ay in serum had signs of acute or chronic liver disease. Healthy long-term carriers of HBA seem to present little risk of transmitting hepatitis irrespective of subtype. It is, however, possible that these differences in blood donors with subtype ad and patients with post-transfusion hepatitis with subtype ay might reflect epidemiological circumstances rather than biological differences in the two viral strains.
Immune parameters as markers of tuberculosis extent of disease and early prediction of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy response
Authors: Joel Fleury Djoba Siawaya, Nchinya Bennedict Bapela, Katharina Ronacher, Hanne Veenstra, Martin Kidd, Robert Gie, Nulda Beyers, Paul van Helden, Gerhard Walzl
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)
Lamotrigine versus carbamazepine in epilepsy
Authors: M.F. O'Donoghue, J.W.A.S. Sander, Orvar Eeg-Olofsson, E.H. Reynolds, MartinJ. Brodie, Alan Richens, AlanW.C. Yuen, Xavier Duval, Olivier Chosidow, Franck Semah, Dan Lipsker, Camille Francès, Serge Herson, C. Haedicke, B. Angrick, C. Hauswaldt
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Analyzing transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome to secondary acute myeloid leukemia using a large patient database
Authors: Ofir Shukron, Vladimir Vainstein, Andrea Kündgen, Ulrich Germing, Zvia Agur
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

One-third of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) progress to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML), with its concomitant poor prognosis. Recently, multiple mutations have been identified in association with MDS-to-sAMLtransition, but it is still unclear whether all these mutations are necessary for transformation. If multiple independent mutations are required for the transformation, sAML risk should increase with time from MDS diagnosis. In contrast, if a single critical biological event determines sAML transformation; its risk should be constant in time elapsing from MDS diagnosis. To elucidate this question, we studied a database of 1079 patients with MDS. We classified patients according to the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), using either the French-American-British (FAB) or the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and statistically analyzed the resulting transformation risk curves of each group. The risk of transformation after MDS diagnosis remained constant in time within three out of four risk groups, and in all four risk groups, when patients were classified according to FAB or to the WHO-determined criteria, respectively. Further subdivision by blast percentage or cytogenetics had no influence on this result. Our analysis suggests that a single random biological event leads to transformation to sAML, thus calling for the exclusion of time since MDS diagnosis from the clinical decision-making process.
The Chemotherapy of Viral Infections
Authors: Louis Weinstein, Te-Wen Chang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

ATTEMPTS to develop clinically useful drugs for the prevention and treatment of viral infections have been faced by a variety of problems quite different from those encountered in the development of other types of antimicrobial compounds. Fundamental biologic differences between viruses and other infectious agents for which effective chemotherapy is available are, in good part, responsible for the difficulties and slow progress in the discovery of drugs that inhibit viral growth. Among these are strict dependence of viruses on living cells for replication, narrow limits between the capacity of a drug to suppress viral multiplication and to produce cellular injury . . .
Negative modulation of beta3-adrenergic stimulation on cardiomyocyte contractile performance and [Ca2+]i regulation before and after heart failure: insights into the underlying cellular mechanisms
Authors: Che-Ping Cheng, Katsuya Onishi, Heng-Jie Cheng, Zhu-Shan Zhang, Tomohiko Ukai, Hiroshi Hasegawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)