tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development of Appropriate Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction Models in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Morris Schambelan, Peter W.F. Wilson, Kevin E. Yarasheski, W. Todd Cade, Victor G. Dávila-Román, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Tarek A. Helmy, Matthew Law, Kristin E. Mondy, Sharon Nachman, Linda R. Peterson, Signe W. Worm
Journal: Circulation (2008)

P rediction equations for coronary heart disease (CHD) risk are useful tools that inform clinicians and patients about the absolute risk for developing CHD.A basic principle in CHD prevention is that the intensity of risk-reducing interventions should be based on the individual patient's absolute CHD risk.In the current era of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), knowing one's CHD risk and acting to reduce it have become imperative to long-term survival.Given the increased life expectancy as a result of HAART, more HIV-infected persons will experience complications not related to HIV per se and will reach an age at which they are at increased risk for developing CHD.However, existing CHD risk prediction equations were not developed in HIV-infected adults or children.In the general population, CHD risk prediction models derived from the Framingham Heart Study estimate the risk of total CHD (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction [MI], CHD death) 1 or estimate the risk for hard CHD end points (MI, CHD). 2 The traditional risk factors used to predict CHD risk and how risk factor alterations affect CHD outcomes in HIV-infected and HIV-seronegative people are summarized in the Table .The estimates of the relative effects of traditional risk factors on CHD outcomes appear similar between HIV-and non-HIVinfected patients.However, they are based on only 2 studies in HIV-infected patients.Although traditional CHD risk factors may operate in the same manner in HIV patients as in the general population, there may still be a need to identify and evaluate HIV-specific CHD risk factors and equations, to refine existing CHD prediction equations, and to develop new HIV-specific CHD prediction equations for adults, adolescents, and children.To date, Framingham CHD risk predictions have performed reasonably well when applied to HIV-infected patients.We need to evaluate whether new HIV-specific CHD risk prediction approaches perform better than existing algorithms.This task represents a formidable challenge but is crucial to improving care and reducing healthcare costs for people living with HIV.The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel.Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest.The opinions expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors
Unicef sets up programme to prevent sex abuse by aid workers
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Agencies working to relieve famine in southern Africa have embarked on a comprehensive training scheme to educate employees to avoid child abuse. This is to prevent a repeat of the widespread sexual abuse of children by aid workers revealed during the recent west African refugee crisis ( Guardian , 2002 February 28, p 1).

A joint investigation by the Save the Children Fund and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees caused shock …
Reduction in postprandial energy expenditure during pregnancy.
Authors: P J Illingworth, R T Jung, P W Howie, T E Isles
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Energy expenditure was measured during pregnancy in seven primigravid women at 12-15, 25-28, and 34-36 weeks and after the cessation of lactation. On each occasion the resting metabolic rate and the increase in metabolic rate after ingestion of a liquid test meal were measured by indirect calorimetry. In absolute terms the resting metabolic rate increased steadily during pregnancy but when expressed per unit of body weight no change was found. The energetic response to a mixed constituent meal was significantly reduced by 28% in the middle trimester of pregnancy. These findings suggest a possible maternal adaptation to increase energetic efficiency at a time when the energy demands of the fetus are high.
Endogenous Cardiac Stem Cell Activation by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1/Hepatocyte Growth Factor Intracoronary Injection Fosters Survival and Regeneration of the Infarcted Pig Heart
Authors: Georgina M. Ellison, Daniele Torella, Santo Dellegrottaglie, Claudia Perez-Martinez, Armando Perez de Prado, Carla Vicinanza, Saranya Purushothaman, Valentina Galuppo, Claudio Iaconetti, Cheryl D. Waring, Andrew Smith, Michele Torella, Carlos Cuellas Ramon, Jose Manuel Gonzalo-Orden, Valter Agosti, Ciro Indolfi, Manuel Galiñanes, Felipe Fernandez-Vazquez, Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Meta-QC-Chain: Comprehensive and Fast Quality Control Method for Metagenomic Data
Authors: Qian Zhou, Xiaoquan Su, Gongchao Jing, Kang Ning
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

Abstract Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has revolutionized and significantly impacted metagenomic research. However, the NGS data usually contains sequencing artifacts such as low-quality reads and contaminating reads, which will significantly compromise downstream analysis. Many quality control (QC) tools have been proposed, however, few of them have been verified to be suitable or efficient for metagenomic data, which are composed of multiple genomes and are more complex than other kinds of NGS data. Here we present a metagenomic data QC method named Meta-QC-Chain. Meta-QC-Chain combines multiple QC functions: technical tests describe input data status and identify potential errors, quality trimming filters poor sequencing-quality bases and reads, and contamination screening identifies higher eukaryotic species, which are considered as contamination for metagenomic data. Most computing processes are optimized based on parallel programming. Testing on an 8-GB real dataset showed that Meta-QC-Chain trimmed low sequencing-quality reads and contaminating reads, and the whole quality control procedure was completed within 20 min. Therefore, Meta-QC-Chain provides a comprehensive, useful and high-performance QC tool for metagenomic data. Meta-QC-Chain is publicly available for free at: http://computationalbioenergy.org/meta-qc-chain.html.
Themselves Writ Large: The British Medical Association 1832-1966
Authors: F. Prochaska
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Peter Bartrip BMJ Publishing Group, £29.95, pp 400 ISBN 0 7279 0998 3

In an address in 1959, the Duke of Edinburgh described the British Medical Association as an institutional expression of democracy. Peter Bartrip's informative and scholarly analysis of this contentious, volatile, and adaptive organisation largely bears out the duke's contention. Certainly, the BMA's founder, the midlands practitioner Charles Hastings, would have been comfortable with the conservative idea of power being immanent in voluntary institutions. Since the second world war, the organisation may be seen as a prime example of participatory, associational democracy. In an age of state supremacy, it has come …
Protein-losing enteropathy and malabsorption in acute measles enteritis.
Authors: J F Dossetor, H C Whittle
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Gastrointestinal protein loss and xylose and lactose absorption were both abnormal in underweight children with acute measles and diarrhoea. The protein loss was equivalent to a mean absolute albumin loss of 1.68 plus or minus 0.21 g/day, while the mean one-hour blood xylose level was 0.93 plus or minus 0.38 mmol/l (14.0 plus or minus 5.7 mg/100 ml) in the acute stage and 1.71 plus or minus 0.43 mmol/l (25.6 plus or minus 6.5 mg/100 ml) after recovery (P less than 0.01). Lactose intolerance was found in four children out of 17 tested. Thus faecal protein loss and malabsorption may contribute significantly to the development of malnutrition after measles.
Preclinical Evidence that Sildenafil and Vardenafil Activate Chloride Transport in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Bob Lubamba, Hugues Lecourt, Jean Lebacq, Patrick Lebecque, Hugo De Jonge, Pierre Wallemacq, Teresinha Leal
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Sildenafil has been implicated in the activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The effect was observed in vitro and in the presence of doses roughly 300 times larger than those commonly used for treating erectile dysfunction.To evaluate in vivo the therapeutic efficacy of clinical doses of sildenafil and vardenafil, two clinically approved phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, for activating ion transport in cystic fibrosis.We used transepithelial potential difference in vivo across the nasal mucosa as a measure of sodium and chloride transport. The effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of sildenafil (0.7 mg/kg) or vardenafil (0.14 mg/kg) was investigated in F508del, cftr knockout and normal homozygous mice.In F508del mice, but not in cftr knockout mice, the chloride conductance, evaluated by perfusing the nasal mucosa with a chloride-free solution in the presence of amiloride and with forskolin, was corrected 1 hour after sildenafil administration. A more prolonged effect, persisting for at least 24 hours, was observed with vardenafil. The forskolin response was increased after sildenafil and vardenafil in both normal and F508del mutant animals. In F508del mice, the chloride conductance in the presence of 200 microM 4-4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid, an inhibitor of alternative chloride channels, was much higher after sildenafil injection than after placebo treatment. No effect on the sodium conductance was detected in any group of animals.Our results provide preclinical evidence that both drugs stimulate chloride transport activity of F508del-CFTR protein.
A randomized controlled trial of pimecrolimus cream 1% in adolescents and adults with head and neck atopic dermatitis and intolerant of, or dependent on, topical corticosteroids
Authors: D.F. Murrell, S. Calvieri, J.P. Ortonne, V.C. Ho, S. Weise-Riccardi, N. Barbier, C.F. Paul
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

There is a need for alternative treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD) of the face and neck as long-term use of topical corticosteroids (TCS) is associated with skin atrophy and telangiectasia and some patients develop allergy, intolerance or other side-effects.This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream 1% in patients with AD of the face and neck who are either dependent on, or intolerant of, TCS.A 12-week study comprising a 6-week, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled phase was conducted, followed by a 6-week, open-label phase. Two hundred patients aged 12 years or over with mild to moderate head and neck AD, intolerant of, or dependent on, TCS were randomized to either pimecrolimus cream or vehicle cream. The primary efficacy criterion was the facial investigator's global assessment score at 6 weeks. Secondary efficacy criteria were head and neck Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), pruritus score and eyelid dermatitis. Facial skin atrophy and telangiectasia were assessed with dermatoscopy.A significantly higher percentage of patients treated with pimecrolimus was cleared or almost cleared of facial AD compared with vehicle (47% vs. 16%, respectively). A statistically significant difference was also seen on head and neck EASI and pruritus score. Significantly more pimecrolimus-treated patients than vehicle-treated patients achieved clearance of eyelid dermatitis (45% vs. 19%, respectively). Among the 77 patients with skin atrophy at baseline, treatment with pimecrolimus was associated with a reversal in skin thinning. Of the 112 patients with telangiectasia at baseline, no statistically significant difference was seen between treatment groups. Adverse events occurred with similar frequency in both groups.Pimecrolimus cream 1% is effective in patients with head and neck dermatitis intolerant of, or dependent on, TCS. Reversion of skin atrophy may occur during TCS-free intervals.
Paediatric Cardiology, vols 1 &amp; 2
Authors: Welton M. Gersony
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improved selection of patients for programmed ventricular stimulation by frequency analysis of signal-averaged electrocardiograms.
Authors: B D Lindsay, H D Ambos, K B Schechtman, M E Cain
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Improved selection of patients with suspected sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) for programmed ventricular stimulation is needed. To determine if frequency analysis detects patients in whom sustained VT might be induced, we first obtained fast-Fourier transforms (FFT) of signal-averaged electrocardiograms (ECGs) from 20 patients with spontaneous sustained VT (group 1) and compared them with the results of programmed ventricular stimulation with single and double extrastimuli during two cycle lengths and burst pacing from two right ventricular sites. The FFT data were expressed as an area ratio that quantified the relative contributions of 20 to 50 Hz frequencies in the terminal QRS and ST segment. A logistic regression with inducibility as the dependent variable was used to help define area ratio values greater than 20 as abnormal. Sustained monomorphic VT was induced in 18 patients, each with an area ratio value greater than 20. Sustained VT was not induced in two patients, each with an area ratio value less than 20. FFT data were then compared prospectively with the results of programmed stimulation in 38 patients (group II) with nonsustained VT (12 patients) or syncope (26 patients) referred for electrophysiologic study. In none of the 26 patients in group II with normal FFT values was VT inducible. Sustained monomorphic VT was induced in five of 12 patients with abnormal FFT values. Thus, the results of FFT analysis correctly predicted the results of programmed ventricular stimulation in 88% of patients studied and in 82% of patients in group II with syncope or nonsustained VT. Moreover, all five patients in group II in whom sustained VT was induced were identified correctly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SOME PERSONAL EXPERIENCES IN INFANT FEEDING.
Authors: WILLIAM H. WELLS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

There is no question in pediatric medicine which at the present time is exciting more interest, and justly, too, than the subject of artificial feeding of infants. Where the mother has well developed breasts, containing a plentiful supply of good milk, the question of infant feeding is an easy one, and it is not the object of this paper to discuss the question of breast feeding, or even to touch upon the manner by which, as far as our knowledge at present reaches, the lacteal secretion in the breast can be modified by food and general hygiene. It is our intention to dwell in a brief manner only on the subject of the feeding of infants by artificial means, first, by foods derived from the milk of the cow or other animal; second, by foods made more or less directly from the grains. In the study of this question we
Posttranscriptional Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase During Cell Growth
Authors: Charles D. Searles, Yoichi Miwa, David G. Harrison, Santhini Ramasamy
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —The expression of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is dramatically influenced by the state of cell growth. In proliferating cells, mRNA levels are increased 4-fold compared with postconfluent, nonproliferating cells. Nuclear run-on analysis indicated that there is no difference in the transcriptional rate of eNOS in proliferating versus postconfluent cells. The half-life of eNOS mRNA, measured after actinomycin D transcriptional arrest, was 3-fold greater in preconfluent compared with confluent endothelial cells. Using UV–cross-linking analysis, a cytoplasmic protein with an apparent molecular mass of 51 kDa was found to bind to terminal 545-nt eNOS mRNA 3-fold more in confluent cells than in proliferating cells. Further characterization of the eNOS mRNA indicated that a 43-nt sequence at the origin of the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) is critical in binding of this protein. Endothelial cells were stably transfected with a chimeric cDNA plasmid containing chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) ligated to the eNOS coding region and either the wild-type 3′-UTR (pcDNACAT/eNOS (wtUTR) ) or a mutant 3′-UTR lacking the 43 nt found to bind the 51-kDa protein (pcDNACAT/eNOS (ΔUTR) ). The CAT/eNOS mRNA half-life was dramatically stabilized in these latter cells as compared with cells transfected with pcDNACAT/eNOS (wtUTR) ). Thus, this 43-nt region plays a critical role in destabilizing eNOS mRNA. These studies demonstrate a mechanism for modulation of eNOS expression during cell growth via interactions between the proximal 3′-UTR and a novel ≈51-kDa cytosolic protein.
Ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposures to chloroform and trichloroethene from tap water.
Authors: C P Weisel, W K Jo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Individuals are exposed to volatile compounds present in tap water by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption. Traditional risk assessments for water often only consider ingestion exposure to toxic chemicals, even though showering has been shown to increase the body burden of certain chemicals due to inhalation exposure and dermal absorption. We collected and analyzed time-series samples of expired alveolar breath to evaluate changes in concentrations of volatile organic compounds being expired, which reflects the rate of change in the bloodstream due to expiration, metabolism, and absorption into tissues. Analysis of chloroform and trichloethene in expired breath, compounds regulated in water, was also used to determine uptake from tap water by each route (inhalation, ingestion, or absorption). Each route of exposure contributed to the total exposure of these compounds from daily water use. Further, the ingestion dose was completely metabolized before entering the bloodstream, whereas the dose from the other routes was dispersed throughout the body. Thus, differences in potential biologically effective doses depend on route, target organ, and whether the contaminant or metabolite is the biologically active agent.
CLINICAL EFFICACY OF PROCLORPERAZINE (COMPAZINE) IN MENTAL ILLNESS
Authors: F. REGIS RIESENMAN, MANSON B. PETTIT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

In the management of 100 hospitalized and 50 nonhospitalized emotionally disturbed patients, proclorperazine (Compazine) was judged from clinical experience to be somewhere between chlorpromazine and meprobamate in effectiveness. In some cases the degree of effectiveness was greater than by the use of chlorpromazine or meprobamate. Proclorperazine seems to have distinct advantage over chlorpromazine in that it produced much less drowsiness and lethargy. Tranquilization was achieved without sedation. There was no incident of any toxic effects and most of the disturbing side effects such as muscular rigidity, restlessness, and weakness responded quite well to Cogentin or Kemadrin. On the negative side, however, there was a much higher incidence of turbulence and paradoxical reactions. The turbulence was overcome in most instances by rapidly increasing the drug and the paradoxical reaction disappeared a few days after discontinuance of the drug. One very important fact was observed: proclorperazine seemed to work much better in the milder and latent psychotics and in the neurotics because it seemed to facilitate ventilation, lifted repression and aided in the reestablishment of insight. There seemed to be a mobilization of ego forces with establishment of some degree of insight which appeared to have a marked reintegrative effect on the personality which stimulated the patients to seek therapy. They were quite anxious to cooperate with a psychotherapeutic program. Chlorpromazine on the other hand seemed to facilitate the repressive forces and neutralize anxiety, and consequently, there was not enough motivation to continue and cooperate with therapy. Proclorperazine also tended to elevate the mood, stimulate the patient, and had some therapeutic benefits in cases where depression was present An analysis of the combined group (150 patients) revealed that 91 patients or approximately 60% were made more accessible, amenable, and receptive to psychotherapy. The patients seemed relaxed, agreeable, congenial, and cooperative. Privileges were more rapidly accepted and responsibilities assumed. The use of proclorperazine as a chemotherapeutic agent combined with psychotherapy thus expedited recovery in many cases. The drug certainly possesses the potentialities of a therapeutic resource and has a definite place as an adjunct to psychotherapy in mental illnesses.