tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5355: An Alpha-1A-Adrenergic Receptor Subtype Agonist Prevents Cardiomyopathy Without Increasing Blood Pressure
Authors: Trevor Chan, Rajesh Dash, Paul C Simpson
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Alpha-1-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists classically increase blood pressure (BP). Among the 3 alpha-1-AR subtypes, A, B, and D, the alpha-1A is required for cardiac protection in a knockout (KO) mouse, and is sufficient for protection of cultured cardiac myocytes, via ERK activation. However, it is unknown if activation of the alpha-1A-subtype by a drug can protect the heart in vivo. Hypothesis: At a dose that does not increase BP, an agonist selective for the alpha-1A-AR subtype can prevent cardiomyopathy. Methods: We gave the alpha-1A agonist A61603 (A6) to 11 week-old wild type (WT) male C57Bl6J mice by osmotic minipump. We induced cardiomyopathy with a single dose of doxorubicin (DOX) (25 mg/kg IP), a cardiotoxic cancer drug. We measured BP by tail cuff, activated (phosphorylated, P)-ERK by immunoblot, heart mRNAs by RT-qPCR, fractional shortening (FS) by echocardiog-raphy (ECHO), myocyte necrosis by serum creatine kinase (CK), apoptosis by TUNEL stain, and fibrosis by sirius red stain. Results : In dose-finding experiments (0.01–100 ug/kg/d), A6 at 10 ng/kg/d over 7 days had no effect on daily tail cuff BP (average mmHg Vehicle 115 ± 4; A6 119 ± 4), but increased heart P-ERK (1.7-fold) and the mRNAs for beta-MyHC and ANF (5-fold). A6 at higher doses increased BP. Next, A6 at the non-hypertensive dose (10 ng/kg/d) or vehicle was infused over 7 days after a single DOX injection. The TABLE shows that DOX caused cardiomyopathy, with reduced survival and FS, and increased necrosis, apoptosis, and fibrosis (data are mean ± SE). A6 prevented all of these abnormalities. In alpha-1A-subtype KO mice, DOX caused increased apoptosis and mortality compared with WT mice, and A6 had no beneficial effect (not shown), indicating specificity of A6. Conclusions: A very low dose of an agonist selective for the alpha-1A-AR subtype can activate cardiac survival signaling (P-ERK), induce cardiac fetal genes, and prevent DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, all without increasing BP.
Angiogenesis in acute and chronic leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Alvaro Aguayo, Hagop Kantarjian, Taghi Manshouri, Cristi Gidel, Elihu Estey, Deborah Thomas, Charles Koller, Zeev Estrov, Susan O'Brien, Michael Keating, Emil Freireich, Maher Albitar
Journal: Blood (2000)
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa of late onset explained by mutations in COL17A1
Authors: W.Y. Yuen, H.H. Pas, R.J. Sinke, M.F. Jonkman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa of late onset (JEB-lo) is a rare disease characterized by blistering of primarily the hands and feet starting in childhood. The pathogenesis remains unclear.To clarify the pathogenesis of JEB-lo.Two patients with JEB-lo, a brother and a sister, were examined using electron microscopy (EM), immunofluorescence (IF) antigen mapping and molecular analysis.We found subtle changes in IF antigen mapping and EM. The most remarkable changes were loss of the apical-lateral staining of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against type XVII collagen (Col17), and a broadened distribution of mAb staining against the ectodomain of Col17, laminin-332 and type VII collagen. Mutation analysis of COL17A1, encoding Col17, showed a compound heterozygosity for a novel mutation c.1992_1995delGGGT and the known mutation c.3908G>A in both patients. The deletion c.1992_1995delGGGT results in a premature termination codon and mRNA decay, leaving the patients functionally hemizygous for the missense mutation c.3908G>A (p.R1303Q) in the noncollagenous 4 domain of Col17.JEB-lo is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in COL17A1, and subtle aberrations in EM and IF antigen mapping are clues to diagnosis.
ABC of learning and teaching in medicine: Teaching small groups
Authors: D. Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Global asthma control levels are suboptimal. The influence of regular exercise on asthma control is unclear. We assessed the effects of a 12-week supervised exercise intervention followed by 12 weeks of self-administered exercise on adults with partially controlled asthma (n = 21) and matched controls (n = 15). Assessments were conducted at baseline and week 12 for both the exercise and control group, and again at week 24 for the exercise group. There was a significant treatment effect on asthma control in the exercise group, as measured by the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), from baseline to week 12, compared with the control group. A clinically significant improvement (0.5 increase in ACQ score) was observed for asthma quality of life and ACQ in the exercise group from baseline to week 12. There was a significant improvement in aerobic fitness from baseline to week 24 in the exercise group. In conclusion, a 12-week supervised exercise intervention led to improvements in asthma control and quality of life in partially controlled asthmatics motivated to exercise. These improvements were maintained, while aerobic fitness and perceived asthma control significantly improved over an additional 12 weeks of self-administered exercise. These findings indicate that a structured exercise intervention can improve asthma control.
Global Risk Score and Exercise Testing
Authors: Paolo Palatini
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Re: Craig Rogers, Ravi Barod, Scott Schwartz, Mani Menon. Endovascular Extraction of Caval Tumor Thrombus to Facilitate Minimally Invasive Cytoreductive Nephrectomy for Metastatic Kidney Cancer. Eur Urol 2015;68:167–8
Authors: Pranav Sharma, Asad Sawar, Philippe Spiess
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Abstract P069: Quantifying the UK Benefits of reducing dietary trans fats: Modelling study
Authors: Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard, Julia Critchley, Simon Capewell, Martin O'Flaherty
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) disease remains a leading cause of UK mortality, generating a large and unequal burden of disease. Dietary trans-fats represent a powerful CHD risk factor. However, UK efforts to reduce the dietary intake of trans-fats (currently 1% of daily energy) have been limited in comparison with some other nations. Furthermore, quantifying the potential outcomes of such measures, and the effects on health inequalities has rarely been researched. We therefore modelled the effect of specific reductions in trans fatty acid (TFA) intake on CHD mortality, CHD related admissions and its effect on socioeconomic inequalities up to 2030. Methods: We extended the previously validated IMPACT model, to estimate the potential effects of reductions in TFA intake by 1% and 0.5% of daily energy upon the England and Wales population aged 25 years and above. We stratified these estimates by age, sex and Socioeconomic circumstances(SEC). We estimated a reduction in expected CHD deaths in 2030 attributable to a modest reduction in TF intake (-0.5% energy) and a complete ban (-1% energy). Main output measures were deaths prevented or postponed (DPP), life years gained (LYGs) and hospital admissions. Results: Reducing trans-fat consumption in the English and Welsh population by 1% of daily energy intake would result in approximately 3,900 fewer deaths per year; 10,000 fewer hospital admissions; and 37,000 additional life years. Smaller TFA reductions of 0.5% would yield approximately 1,900 fewer deaths, 5,000 fewer hospital admissions, and gain approximately 18,000 life years. Further, reducing trans-fats consumption to 0.5% across all SECs would reduce health inequalities. Three times as many DPPs and LYGs would be observed in the most deprived compared with the most affluent groups. Conclusions: Reducing dietary trans-fat intakes could substantially decrease CHD mortality and hospital admissions, gaining thousands of life years. Crucially, this policy could also reduce health inequalities. Strategies should therefore aim to achieve the lowest possible trans-fats intakes, as successfully achieved in many other European countries. However, such policies currently remain underused in the UK, generating an avoidable and unequal burden on the health services and on society.
Abstract 89: Survival From in-Hospital Cardiac Arrest During Nights and Weekends From Japanese Registry of CPR (JRCPR)
Authors: Haruhiko Higashi, Naohiro Yonemoto, Hiroyuki Yokoyama, Hiroshi Nonogi
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Backgrounds: It has been reported that survival rates from in-hospital cardiac arrest were lower during nights and weekends from the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (NRCPR). Howe...
Malignant melanoma in East Anglia, England.
Authors: L. BAKOS, A. L. MACMILLAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article Malignant melanoma in East Anglia, England: AN 11‐YEAR SURVEY BY SITE AND TYPE Get access L. BAKOS, L. BAKOS Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. L. MACMILLAN A. L. MACMILLAN Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 88, Issue 6, 1 June 1973, Pages 551–556, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb08018.x Published: 01 June 1973 Article history Accepted: 17 November 1972 Published: 01 June 1973
Prehospital Emergency Care and the Global Road Safety Crisis
Authors: Erik von Elm
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A New Era in Noninvasive Prenatal Testing
Authors: Michael F Greene, Michelle M Mello, Stephanie Morain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

To the Editor: In their Perspective article, Morain et al. (Aug. 8 issue)1 say that commercial companies have not met reasonable standards for demonstrating clinical validity. This is not correct. In five independent cohorts, researchers have examined 463 pregnancies with fetuses with Down’s syndrome, 187 with trisomy 18, and 37 with trisomy 13. To maximize confidence in sensitivity estimates, all were high-risk pregnancies (in a general population, more than 250,000 pregnancies would have had to be studied). Five professional organizations, including the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,2 recommend offering such testing for “high-risk” pregnancies. The Perspective article also implies that a positive predictive value (PPV) of 62% might be inadequate for decision making. Using the authors’ numbers, we modeled the performance of cell-free fetal DNA (cfDNA) testing in 200,000 pregnancies at a risk level of 1 in 200. We assumed that the cfDNA test had a sensitivity of 99.9% and a specificity of 99.7%. Of the pregnant women tested, only 1596 (0.8%) would be candidates for diagnostic studies, and 999 of 1000 cases would be detected. More than 198,000 women would have a negative screen, which would result in approximately 660 fewer procedure-related fetal losses. Suggesting that testing is unreliable because it is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may discourage its valid use in avoiding unnecessary invasive diagnostic testing.
Abstract 4414: Neuropilin2 is a novel target gene of Wnt signaling pathway regulating angiogenesis, metastasis and growth of osteosarcoma
Authors: Tao Ji, Yi Guo, Carol Lin, Cheng-Fong Chen, Xiaolin Zi, Bang H. Hoang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Objective: Multivascularity of osteosarcoma (OS) rendered the anti-angiogenesis is a promising therapeutics. Neuropilin 2 (NRP2), a coreceptor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has been implicated in tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis of many cancers. Its act in osteosarcoma still remains poorly understood. In order to explore the role of NRP2 in modulating tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and lung metastasis of osteosarcoma, we conduct the current study. Methods: Cell culture, RNA interference, stable transfection, real time PCR, western blot, motility and invasion assay, in vivo tumorigenesis model, tube formation assay, ChIP. Results: By microtissue array assay, the expression of NRP2 is implicated in metastasis and poor prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. The in vitro data showed NRP2 knockdown has an inhibitory effect on OS tumor cell growth, both anchoragedependent and anchorageindependent way. Xenograft model showed silencing of NRP2 expression in OS cells has an extraordinary inhibitory effect. Both migration and invasion were significantly impaired in two NRP2 knockdown OS cell lines in vitro. Again, a lung metastasis mice model was used to verify the antimetastasis effect after NRP2 silencing and the results showed metastasis was inhibited. The blood vessels and capillaries in the xenograft samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining for CD31. The capillaries in NRP2 knockdown tumors were rarely seen compared with the intact capillaries in control tumors. In order to explore the mechanism underlying the anti angiogenesis effect, we conducted the coculture of tumor cells and HUVEC cells in both contact and noncontact way. The ability of recruiting HUVEC cells by OS cells were dramatically inhibited by NRP2 knockdown. Also NRP2 silencing caused the tumor cells to behave less involved in tube formation. ChIP assay revealed TCF4, wnt effector, bound all the five binding sites in NRP2 promoter region. Conclusion: We demonstrated that NRP2 plays an important role in modulating tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and lung metastasis of osteosarcoma. Citation Format: Tao Ji, Yi Guo, Carol Lin, Cheng-Fong Chen, Xiaolin Zi, Bang H. Hoang. Neuropilin2 is a novel target gene of Wnt signaling pathway regulating angiogenesis, metastasis and growth of osteosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4414. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4414
Azelastine eye‐drops in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis or rhinoconjunctivitis.
Authors: C. Giede‐Tuch, M. Westhoff, A. Zarth
Journal: Allergy (1998)

This study was carried out to assess the efficacy of 0.025% and 0.05% azelastine eye‐drops in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis of &gt;1 year's duration. A total of 151 patients received 0.025% or 0.05% azelastine eye‐drops or placebo b.i.d. for 14 days according to a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐dosing design; 129 patients completed the study as planned. The three target symptoms, scored on 4‐point scales, were itching, lacrimation, and redness of the eyes; responders were patients whose symptom sum score decreased by &gt;3 from a baseline score of &gt;6 by day 3. Mean scores of these and five other symptoms were recorded also on days 7 and 14, and patients kept daily diaries of the three main symptoms and swollen eyelids. Responder rates were 73% for 0.025% (p = 0.115 V.V placebo) and 82% for 0.05% azelastine eye‐drops (P=0.011 vs placebo) and 56% for placebo. The time courses of the mean (investigators' and patients') scores for the three main symptoms reflected the dose‐dependent effect of azelastine eye‐drops. One patient each from the two azelastine groups and three from the placebo group withdrew because of ineffieacy. Adverse drug reactions were reported by 14 and 24 patients receiving 0.025% and 0.05% azelastine eye‐drops, respectively, and by eight placebo patients. These reactions were mainly slight application site reactions and taste perversion (bitter or unpleasant taste). Azelastine eye‐drops are effective and well tolerated at a dose of 0.05% for the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.
Influenza A virus potentiates basophil histamine release caused by endotoxin‐induced complement activation
Authors: P. Clementsen, C. B. Jensen, C. Hannoun, M. Søborg, S. Norn
Journal: Allergy (1988)

Histamine release from human basophil leukocytes was triggered by complement activation by means of endotoxins isolated from E. coli and Salmonella bacteria. Influenza A virus was found to enhance the mediator release, and the effect was caused by synergism, since virus itself did not release histamine. The potentiating effect was similar in cells from normal individuals and from patients with intrinsic asthma. The involvement of viral neuraminidase was examined by a potent neuraminidase inhibitor and this inhibitor completely abolished the potentiating effect by virus. A purified neuraminidase preparation obtained from Vibrio cholerae caused a similar potentiating effect in mediator release and the effect was abolished by the neuraminidase inhibitor. These findings indicate that viral neuraminidase is responsible for the potentiating effect of virus on the histamine release. This effect might play a role in septic conditions and possibly contribute to asthmatic attacks by infections.
Medikal Nedenlerle Opere Edilemeyen Evre I Akciğer Kanserli Hastalarda Stereotaktik Radyoterapi Sonrası Solunum Fonksiyon Testlerindeki Değişikliklerin Detaylı Analizi
Authors: Kevin L. Stephans, Toufik Djemil, Chandana A. Reddy, Stephen M. Gajdos, Mathew Kolar, Michael Machuzak, Peter Mazzone, Gregory M. M. Videtic
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Associations between Urinary Excretion of Cadmium and Proteins in a Nonsmoking Population: Renal Toxicity or Normal Physiology?
Authors: Magnus Akerstrom, Gerd Sallsten, Thomas Lundh, Lars Barregard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Associations between cadmium (Cd) and kidney function have been reported even at low levels of exposure in the general population. Recently, the causality of these associations has been questioned.Objectives: We examined associations between urinary Cd (U-Cd; a biomarker of exposure) and urinary proteins that are used as biomarkers of kidney effects, based on repeated short-term sampling in healthy subjects.Methods: Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected on 2 separate days at six fixed times from 30 healthy nonsmoking men and women (median age 39 years). We analyzed the samples (N = 354) for Cd (i.e., U-Cd) and two proteins used as kidney function biomarkers: urinary albumin (U-Alb) and alpha-1-microglobulin (U-A1M). Concentrations were adjusted for creatinine concentration or for specific gravity, and excretion rates (mass per hour) were calculated. Possible associations were assessed within each individual participant, and mean correlations and regressions were evaluated.Results: We found clear positive mean associations within individuals between the excretion of U-Cd [mean, 0.11 µg/g creatinine (range, 0.01–0.52 µg/g creatinine)] and both U-Alb and U-A1M. The associations were stronger for excretion rates and concentrations adjusted for specific gravity than for concentrations adjusted for creatinine. We also found significant positive associations of urinary flow with excretion of U-Cd, U-Alb, and U-A1M.Conclusions: Associations between short-term changes in U-Cd and markers of kidney function within individual nonsmoking study participants are unlikely to reflect effects of Cd toxicity. A more likely explanation is that these associations result from normal variation in renal function, including changes in urinary flow, that influence the urinary excretion of both Cd and proteins in the same direction. These effects of normal variability may result in overestimation of the adverse effects of Cd on kidney function at low-level Cd exposure.
Psychophysiological protective factors for male subjects at high risk for criminal behavior
Authors: P A Brennan, A Raine, F Schulsinger, L Kirkegaard-Sorensen, J Knop, B Hutchings, R Rosenberg, S A Mednick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

This study examines the role of elevated autonomic nervous system reactivity in protecting individuals at high risk for criminal behavior from antisocial outcomes. The authors hypothesized that subjects with criminal fathers who did not become criminals themselves were biologically protected from such an outcome because of, in part, heightened responsiveness of the autonomic nervous system.Ninety-four male subjects were placed into one of four study groups: criminal with criminal father (N = 26), noncriminal with criminal father (N = 24), criminal with noncriminal father (N = 20), and noncriminal with noncriminal father (N = 24). Skin conductance and heart rate data were gathered in an orienting paradigm.Skin conductance and heart rate orienting reactivity were found to be significantly higher in the group of noncriminal subjects with criminal fathers than in the other three groups.For subjects at high risk for criminal behavior, heightened autonomic nervous system responsiveness appears to be associated with lower likelihood of criminal outcome.