tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A general model of coupled drug release and tissue absorption for drug delivery devices
Authors: Sean McGinty, Giuseppe Pontrelli
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)

In this paper we present a general model of drug release from a drug delivery device and the subsequent transport in biological tissue. The model incorporates drug diffusion, dissolution and solubility in the polymer coating, coupled with diffusion, convection and reaction in the biological tissue. Each layer contains bound and free drug phases so that the resulting model is a coupled two-phase two-layer system of partial differential equations. One of the novelties is the generality of the model in each layer. Within the drug coating, our model includes diffusion as well as three different models of dissolution. We show that the model may also be used in cases where dissolution is rapid or not relevant, and additionally when drug release is not limited by its solubility. Within the biological tissue, the model can account for nonlinear saturable reversible binding, with linear reversible binding and linear irreversible binding being recovered as special cases. The generality of our model will allow the simulation of the release from a wide range of drug delivery devices encompassing many different applications. To demonstrate the efficacy of our model we simulate results for the particular application of drug release from arterial stents.
Detection of a new subgenotype of hepatitis B virus genotype A in Cameroon but not in neighbouring Nigeria
Authors: J.M. Hübschen, P.O. Mbah, J.C. Forbi, J.A. Otegbayo, C.M. Olinger, E. Charpentier, C.P. Muller
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Over-expression of thymosin beta4 in granulomatous lung lesions in active pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Chul Ho Oak, Tae Won Jang, Bong Guen Chyun, Hee Jae Cha, Maan Hong Jung
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background : Recent studies have shown that thymosin β4 stimulates angiogenesis by induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α protein.

Purpose : We investigated the expression level of thymosin β4 in the various stages of pulmonary tuberculosis. We also examined the expression pattern of VEGF and HIF-1α and compared the expression pattern of thymosin β4 with VEGF and HIF-1α.

Material and Method : Ten surgical samples of active pulmonary tuberculous lesions were immunostained with rabbit polyclonal antibody to thymosin β4 (1 : 1,000 dilution; ALPCO Diagnostics, Windham, NH, USA), HIF-1 α (1 : 100 dilution, Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO), or VEGF (1 : 2,000 dilution, Abcam Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA) at 4oC for overnight. The expression levels were analyzed by the pathological stages of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Result : Thymosin β4 was highly expressed in both alveolar macrophages in granuloma and surrounding lymphocytes in early stage of granulomatous tissues but not expressed in late stages of fibrous tissues. The expression pattern of HIF-1α was similar with that of thymosin β4. VEGF was weakly expressed in alveolar macrophages in granuloma but highly expressed blood vessels surrounding granuloma. The expression pattern of VEGF was co-localized with CD31 (Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, PECAM).

Conclusion : These data suggested that thymosin β4 is highly expressed and associated with HIF-1α and VEGF-mediated inflammation and angiogenesis in the granulomatous lesions of active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Azacitidine in combination with intensive induction chemotherapy in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia: The AML-AZA trial of the study alliance leukemia
Authors: C Müller-Tidow, P Tschanter, C Röllig, C Thiede, A Koschmieder, M Stelljes, S Koschmieder, M Dugas, J Gerss, T Butterfaß-Bahloul, R Wagner, M Eveslage, U Thiem, S W Krause, U Kaiser, V Kunzmann, B Steffen, R Noppeney, W Herr, C D Baldus, N Schmitz, K Götze, A Reichle, M Kaufmann, A Neubauer, K Schäfer-Eckart, M Hänel, R Peceny, N Frickhofen, M Kiehl, A Giagounidis, M Görner, R Repp, H Link, A Kiani, R Naumann, T H Brümmendorf, H Serve, G Ehninger, W E Berdel, U Krug
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Increasing severity with unchanged in-hospital mortality in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) at a respiratory ward-based non-invasive ventilation (NIV) unit
Authors: Jumaa Bwika, Shiva Bikmalla, Hannah Lewis, Biman Chakraborty, Norashikin Amran, Ben Beauchamp, Joshil Lodhia, Rahul Mukherjee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: There has been a 462% increase in acute NIV use in COPD (Chandra D et al. AJRCCM 2011) over 11 years in the United States with similar changes in the UK, where this has led to the movement of NIV provision out of critical care. We analyse temporal trends in the severity and outcomes of ward-based NIV practices.  Methods: In-house NIV registry data compared: 01/08/04 -31/01/06 (Period 1) vs 01/01/11 – 30/06/12 (Period 2) at our 11-bedded ward-based NIV unit in a central England acute hospital, analysing mortality, duration of NIV and initial arterial pH.  Results: AHRF: 281 episodes in Period 1 and 240 in Period 2; acute exacerbations of COPD similar proportion (about 70%) in both periods; initial arterial pH significantly lower in Period 2 (median pH 7.280 vs 7.261: see figure); mean duration of NIV was significantly higher (median length of NIV 4 days vs 6 days), in-hospital mortality similar (21.6% vs. 22.7%).  Discussion: Compared to 2004, the ward-based NIV unit is treating more severely ill AHRF patients who are spending longer periods under acute NIV with no significant change in mortality. Further analysis of population characteristics, co-morbid risk factors for respiratory failure and Domiciliary NIV/Home Mechanical Ventilation practices are needed to inform health policy/strategies to deal with long term respiratory conditions.
New NCCN Guidelines: Smoking Cessation for Patients With Cancer
Authors: Peter G. Shields
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Even after a cancer diagnosis, for any stage and prognosis, patients with cancer can reap health benefits from smoking cessation. To address the clinical problems associated with smoking in cancer patients, the NCCN created a new set of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for 2015. At NCCN 20th Annual Conference, Dr. Peter Shields presented these inaugural guidelines, focusing primarily on the adverse outcomes associated with smoking in patients with cancer, the common barriers to smoking cessation in this patient population, simple yet effective assessment approaches, and treatment recommendations that center on the combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapy.
Estimating the Cost of Informal Caregiving for Elderly Patients With Cancer
Authors: James A. Hayman, Kenneth M. Langa, Mohammed U. Kabeto, Steven J. Katz, Sonya M. DeMonner, Michael E. Chernew, Mitchell B. Slavin, A. Mark Fendrick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: As the United States population ages, the increasing prevalence of cancer is likely to result in higher direct medical and nonmedical costs. Although estimates of the associated direct medical costs exist, very little information is available regarding the prevalence, time, and cost associated with informal caregiving for elderly cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To estimate these costs, we used data from the first wave (1993) of the Asset and Health Dynamics (AHEAD) Study, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of people aged 70 or older. Using a multivariable, two-part regression model to control for differences in health and functional status, social support, and sociodemographics, we estimated the probability of receiving informal care, the average weekly number of caregiving hours, and the average annual caregiving cost per case (assuming an average hourly wage of $8.17) for subjects who reported no history of cancer (NC), having a diagnosis of cancer but not receiving treatment for their cancer in the last year (CNT), and having a diagnosis of cancer and receiving treatment in the last year (CT). RESULTS: Of the 7,443 subjects surveyed, 6,422 (86%) reported NC, 718 (10%) reported CNT, and 303 (4%) reported CT. Whereas the adjusted probability of informal caregiving for those respondents reporting NC and CNT was 26%, it was 34% for those reporting CT (P &lt; .05). Those subjects reporting CT received an average of 10.0 hours of informal caregiving per week, as compared with 6.9 and 6.8 hours for those who reported NC and CNT, respectively (P &lt; .05). Accordingly, cancer treatment was associated with an incremental increase of 3.1 hours per week, which translates into an additional average yearly cost of $1,200 per patient and just over $1 billion nationally. CONCLUSION: Informal caregiving costs are substantial and should be considered when estimating the cost of cancer treatment in the elderly.
Tuberculosis risk and biological therapy for psoriasis
Authors: S. Barry
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Tuberculosis risk and biological therapy for psoriasis Get access S. Barry S. Barry Consultant Respiratory Physician Department of Respiratory Medicine University Hospital Llandough Penlan Road Penarth Wales E‐mail: simon.barry@wales.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 6, 1 June 2015, Pages 1482–1483, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13725 Published: 01 June 2015
The CUL4B/AKT/β-Catenin Axis Restricts the Accumulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Prohibit the Establishment of a Tumor-Permissive Microenvironment
Authors: Yanyan Qian, Jupeng Yuan, Huili Hu, Qifeng Yang, Jisheng Li, Shuqian Zhang, Baichun Jiang, Changshun Shao, Yaoqin Gong
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Cancer progression requires a permissive microenvironment that shields cancer from the host immunosurveillance. The presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) is a key feature of a tumor-permissive microenvironment. Cullin 4B (CUL4B), a scaffold protein in the Cullin 4B-RING E3 ligase complex (CRL4B), represses tumor suppressors through diverse epigenetic mechanisms and is overexpressed in many malignancies. We report here that CUL4B unexpectedly functions as a negative regulator of MDSC functions in multiple tumor settings. Conditional ablation of CUL4B in the hematopoietic system, driven by Tek-Cre, resulted in significantly enhanced accumulation and activity of MDSCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the aberrant abundance of MDSCs in the absence of CUL4B was mediated by the downregulation of the AKT/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, CUL4B repressed the phosphatases PP2A and PHLPP1/2 that dephosphorylate and inactivate AKT to sustain pathway activation. Importantly, the CUL4B/AKT/β-catenin axis was downregulated in MDSCs of healthy individuals and was further suppressed in tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients. Thus, our findings point to a pro- and antitumorigenic role for CUL4B in malignancy, in which its ability to impede the formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment may be context-specific.
Clinical presentations of pulmonary embolism in young adults
Authors: Natalia Stoeva, Diana Lekova, Vassya Hristova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is considered an age related disease and clinical observations are directed predominantly towards older patients. Our study examines clinical presentations of PE in young (under 40 years) adults. We retrospectively analyze 133 adult patients hospitalized in Tokuda Hospital Sofia for the period Feb 2007 to Jan 2011 in whom PE was diagnosed by multidetector computer pulmoangiography. 24 (18%) of them are under 40 years. We analyze this group (young group) and compare it to the group of patients older than 40 (old group). All patients of the young group are white race, and are ethnic Bulgarians. 19 (79.2%) are men and 5 (20.8%)- women (vs.55males-50.4% and 54females- 49.65% in the old group). 4/24 patients have previous surgical intervention, and 2/24- underlying diseases. The other 18/24 (75%) have no triggering events. 16/24 were examined for inherited and acquired thrombophilias and in 13 (81%) thrombophilias were found (3 with Plasminogen activator inhibitor mutation, 2 with Leiden mutation, 1 prothrombin gene mutation, 4 with combined heterogeneous mutations, 2 with pr.S deficiency and 1 with antiphospholipid antibodies). Mean Wells probability score is 5.24±1.7 (4.21±2.58 in old group; p=0.02); mean revised Geneva score is 8.41±3.91 (vs. 8.62±3.93, p=0.738); 11/24 (45%) have concomitant US-confirmed DVT (vs. 41%). More than half (54%) have massive PE, understood as involvement of more than 50% of pulmonary circulation. In our study PE in young adults in most cases arises spontaneously, is due to inherited and acquired thrombophilias, and affects more men than women. Using the Wells probability score, PE in young adults is more easily recognizable than in older adults.
Viscocanalostomy vs. Trabeculectomy 1 1The following two letters address an article that appeared in the February issue of the Journal: Jonescu-Cuypers CP, Jacob PC, Konen W, Krieglstein GK. Primary Viscocanalostomy Versus Trabeculectomy in White Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. (Ophthalmology 2001; 108:254–8)
Authors: Roberto G Carassa, Paolo Bettin, Rosario Brancato
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)
Accumulation of Macrophages in the CSF of Schizophrenic Patients During Acute Psychotic Episodes
Authors: Heikki V. Nikkilâº¯, Kiti Mï¿½, Antti Ahokas, Kati Miettinen, Ranan Rimón, Leif C. Andersson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: There have been numerous reports of organic or structural abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients with schizophrenia. Given that pathological conditions in the CNS are frequently reflected in the cell profiles of CSF, the authors compared the cytology of CSF from schizophrenic patients with that from a reference population in order to find out trails of elementary pathogenetic events in this serious psychiatric disease. METHOD: CSF samples from 35 patients with acute schizophrenia and 46 comparison subjects were prepared by Millipore filtration. The total and differential counts of CSF mononuclear cells were performed by light microscopy. RESULTS: At the beginning of treatment, the proportion of mononuclear phagocytes/macrophages in the patients' CSF was significantly higher than that in the comparison subjects. During treatment with conventional neuroleptic medication, the cytology returned to normal in several patients. CONCLUSIONS: The high proportion of macrophages in schizophrenia without a significantly higher total cell count may reflect neurodevelopmental disorder, a neurodegenerative process, or subtle CNS immunoactivation with mobilization of microglia.
Secular trends in childhood obesity, asthma, eczema and hayfever over 45 years
Authors: Sarah Smith, Lorna Aucott, Nara Tagiyeva, Leone Craig, Geraldine McNeill, Steve Turner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background. The childhood asthma “epidemic” which took place during the 1980s and 1990s is at least partly explained by changes in lifestyle. Childhood obesity prevalence has also risen, reflecting lifestyle changes. Here we tested the hypothesis that the rise in asthma prevalence in the population paralleled that in obesity.  Methods. A history of asthma, hayfever, eczema and wheeze in the last three years was obtained in 1964, 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004 and 2009. Prevalence of overweight and obesity (IOTF BMI cut-offs equivalent to 25 and 30 at age 18 years) were determined from a separate whole population survey of height and weight at school entry in children in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire born between 1969 and 2005.  Results. Asthma and related outcomes were determined in 17,951 children in the six surveys and in these years height and weight were available in 29,348 children in the separate study. The prevalence of asthma was between 4 and 28%, for eczema between 5 and 34%, for hayfever between 3 and 27%, for recent wheeze between 10 and 28% and for obesity between 1 and 4%. There were correlations between prevalence at each time point for obesity and asthma (rho 0.83, p=0.042), eczema (rho 0.94, p=0.005) and hayfever (rho 0.94, p=0.005) but not for wheeze. There were no correlations between overweight and outcomes.  Conclusions. The simultaneous rise in both obesity and asthma might suggest a common underlying mechanism.
Is silicosis inevitable for former denim sandblasters
Authors: Metin Akgun, Omer Araz, Elif Yilmazel Ucar, Adem Karaman, Fatih Alper, Metin Gorguner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Silicosis is a fibrotic and progressive lung disease and denim (or jean) sandblasting is one of the most important risk factor. Although it is known that silicosis may develop or progress even after exposure has stopped, there has been no previous report showing disease progression characteristics of former denim sandblasters.  We aimed to investigate whether there is any radiological progression among former denim sandblasters who have no further exposure after 4 year-follow-up periods and to determine possible risk factors associated with the progression.  The study included 74 male former denim sandblasters, with an average age 29±6, who had history of denim sandblasting before 2007, and had interpretable chest x-ray in both 2007 and 2011 years. Their chest x-rays were evaluated according to ILO classification and the ones who had 1/1 or higher profusion were considered as silicosis. Radiological progression was defined as either an increase in profusion at least 2 points or occurring of new big opacity or an increase the size of a big opacity.  There was radiologic progression in 55 cases (68%) and the number of cases with silicosis increased from 55% in 2007 to 96% in 2011. The cases with radiological progression had lower first exposure age, longer exposure duration to silica dust, longer latency period and longer working duration as foreman compared to the ones who had no progression, without any statistical significance.  As a conclusion, although we could not determine any independent risk factor for the progression of silicosis, the results of our study suggest that almost all former denim sandblasters may develop silicosis sooner or later.
Case 1: Small Bowel Obstruction Due to Metastatic Lung Cancer
Authors: Matthew Galsky, Marla Darling, Jonathan Hecht, Ravi Salgia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.1.227 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 10623713 Case 1: Small Bowel Obstruction Due to Metastatic Lung Cancer Matthew GalskyxMatthew GalskySearch for articles by this author , Marla DarlingxMarla DarlingSearch for articles by this author , Jonathan HechtxJonathan HechtSearch for articles by this author , Ravi SalgiaxRavi SalgiaSearch for articles by this author Show More Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.1.227 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Autonomic cardiac dysfunction in COPD: The role of 6MWT
Authors: Diego A. Rodriguez, Ane Arbillaga, Eleni Kortianou, Jennifer Alison, Alejandro Casas, Santiago Giavedoni, Anael Barberán, Jordi Vilaró, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Roberto Rabinovich, Elena Gimeno, Josep Roca
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Heart rate recovery (HRR) after maximal exercise is a marker of autonomic cardiac dysfunction (ACD) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). But it has not been evaluated HRR immediately after 6 minute walking test (6MWT) on this population. Our objective was to evaluate the kinetics of the HRR curve (HRRk).

Methods: We measured HRRk during 4 minutes after the 6MWT in 24 COPD patients (70 ± 6 years, mean ± SD, FEV1 54 ± 17%) and 19 healthy subjects (68 ± 10 years, FEV1 87 ± 7%). To facilitate the comparison among groups and remove the effect of different peak HR, the HRR curves were normalized to a range of 1 at peak heart rate (HRpeak) and zero at 4 minutes into recovery (HRR4).

Results: We found differences at rest on HR (82 ± 13 vs 72 ± patients in healthy 12 beats, p = 0.017), HRR (HRR1 = 14 ± 7 vs in patients and 21 ± 8 beats in healthy subjects, p = 0.003) and 6MWT (516 ± 79 vs patients 578 ± 84 meters healthy, p = 0.018). The slope of the standard and normalized curves were significantly lower in patients with COPD (k= 0.08 in COPD patients vs k = 1.48 in healthy subjects, p = 0.017).

![Figure][1] 



Conclusions: In COPD patients HRRk was lower than healthy subjects after 6MWT. This abnormality is reflected from HRR1. 6MWT may be a simple test to detect ACD in COPD.

 [1]: pending:yes
Two Syngeneic Cell Lines from Human Breast Tissue: The Aneuploid Mammary Epithelial (Hs578T) and the Diploid Myoepithelial (Hs578Bst) Cell Lines 2
Authors: Adeline J. Hackett, Helene S. Smith, E. Louise Springer, Robert B. Owens, Walter A. Nelson-Rees, John L. Riggs, Murray B. Gardner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Two Syngeneic Cell Lines from Human Breast Tissue: The Aneuploid Mammary Epithelial (Hs578T) and the Diploid Myoepithelial (Hs578Bst) Cell Lines Get access Adeline J. Hackett, Adeline J. Hackett 4 4Address reprints requests to Dr. Hackett, Naval Biomedical Research Laboratory, Naval Supply Center, Oakland, Calif. 94625. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Helene S. Smith, Helene S. Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. Louise Springer, E. Louise Springer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert B. Owens, Robert B. Owens Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter A. Nelson-Rees, Walter A. Nelson-Rees Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John L. Riggs, John L. Riggs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Murray B. Gardner Murray B. Gardner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 6, June 1977, Pages 1795–1806, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.6.1795 Published: 01 June 1977 Article history Received: 14 September 1976 Accepted: 02 December 1976 Published: 01 June 1977
Study of B Particles in the Mammary Tumors of Different Mouse Strains2
Authors: Marcus A. Hairstone, Joel B. Sheffield, Dan H. Moore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Tumors from female mice of 8 different strains were examined in thin section for B particles. These particles were found in all the tumors, although quantitative variations were noted among strains and from different levels within the tumors. There were characteristic localizations of virus particles in the interior and periphery of the tumors within individual mouse strains. The concentration of particles in tumors from nonlactating strain A mice was extremely low, but in tumors from lactating females of this strain the concentration was very high. Moreover, many particles found in tumors from strain A mice had a different internal structure from that of other strains. These variant particles were found also in hybrid back-crosses having strain A ancestors.