tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Closed-Chest Massage, Kouwenhoven, Jude, Knickerbocker
Authors: Arnold Sladen
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Annually in the United States, approximately 1 1/2 million persons suffer a myocardial infarction.<sup>1</sup>Of these, about 660,000 die. Approximately 60% of these deaths from acute myocardial infarction occur outside the hospital and, in the majority of cases, within the first two hours of the onset of symptoms.<sup>1</sup>In fact, in 25% there are no premonitory signs and death is the first manifestation of coronary artery disease. The primary mechanisms of sudden death are ventricular fibrillation in 62%, ventricular tachycardia in 7%, and severe bradydysrhythmias and asystole in 31%. If there were an easily available technique that could be applied immediately after the onset of "clinical" death and rapidly followed with electrical or chemical therapy or both, it has been estimated that 200,000 to 300,000 persons could be saved annually in the United States alone. The manuscript entitled "Closed-Chest Cardiac Massage" by W. B. Kouwenhoven, James R. Jude,
Telemedicine in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Nicholas Cunningham
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Off-site pediatric consultation via bidirectional cable television (TV) was instituted to provide backup for nurse practitioners treating sick and well children in a small primary-care clinic. During a year of study of the system, there were 2,161 clinic visits and 285 TV consultations. When both TV and telephone consultation were available, TV was used for 10.8% of the visits, and telephone was used for 9.6% of visits. Staff reactions, though initially skeptical, were ultimately favorable. The system allowed pediatric nurse practitioners to function without on-site physician coverage 40% of the time. The main disadvantages were technical. Further work is needed to assess the reliability and validity of TV consultation and its acceptability in other settings.
THE ESOTERIC BEAUTY AND UTILITY OP THE MICROSCOPE.
Authors: EPHRAIM CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1892)

From the Microscope, January, February and March, 1892. Copyrighted 1892. All rights reserved. Three things prompt the writing of this paper: 1. It is the tri-centennial of the microscope. 2. It has been stated that not much has been done with the microscope in America (1891). 3. At a meeting of the Presbyterian Club of New York, a few years ago, a divine repeatedly alluded to the "accursed microscope." This man represented himself. It is a libel on his church to think such a thing. It is a patron of science, microscopy included. Now the writer feels that he owes a debt of gratitude to the Dutch for inventing the microscope— that America has done and is doing something with the microscope of great practical value, and that things of beauty and utility should not be called<i>accursed</i>. Hence he begs to testify what he knows in his own practical,
T helper type 1 memory cells disseminate postoperative ileus over the entire intestinal tract
Authors: Daniel R Engel, Arne Koscielny, Sven Wehner, Juliane Maurer, Marzena Schiwon, Lars Franken, Beatrix Schumak, Andreas Limmer, Tim Sparwasser, Andreas Hirner, Percy A Knolle, Jörg C Kalff, Christian Kurts
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Isradipine Dose-Confirmation Study in Filipino Patients with Mild to Moderate Hypertension
Authors: Ramon F. Abarquez, Esperanza I. Cabral, Ernesto P. Namin, Homobono B. Calleja, Camilo I. Porciuncula, Romeo A. Divinagracia, Roberto V. Anastacio, Rafael R. Castillo
Journal: Drugs (1990)
Elevated Levels of C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Are Decreased by Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Authors: Takuya Yokoe, Kenji Minoguchi, Hirofumi Matsuo, Naruhito Oda, Hideko Minoguchi, Gen Yoshino, Tsutomu Hirano, Mitsuru Adachi
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 are important risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. In the present study, we examined serum levels of CRP and IL-6, IL-6 production by monocytes, and the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods and Results— After polysomnography, venous blood was collected at 5 am from 30 patients with OSAS and 14 obese control subjects. Serum levels of CRP and IL-6 and spontaneous production of IL-6 by monocytes were investigated. In addition, the effects of 1 month of nCPAP were studied in patients with moderate to severe OSAS. Levels of CRP and IL-6 were significantly higher in patients with OSAS than in obese control subjects (CRP P &lt;0.001, IL-6 P &lt;0.05). IL-6 production by monocytes was also higher in patients with OSAS than in obese control subjects ( P &lt;0.01). In patients with OSAS, the primary factors influencing levels of CRP were severity of OSAS and body mass index and those influencing levels of IL-6 were body mass index and nocturnal hypoxia. nCPAP significantly decreased levels of both CRP ( P &lt;0.0001) and IL-6 ( P &lt;0.001) and spontaneous IL-6 production by monocytes ( P &lt;0.01). Conclusions— Levels of CRP and IL-6 and spontaneous production of IL-6 by monocytes are elevated in patients with OSAS but are decreased by nCPAP. Therefore, OSAS is associated with increased risks for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and nCPAP may be useful for decreasing these risks.
Anthony James Allen
Authors: P H Price, G W Thorpe
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Anthony James Allen (“Tony”) was educated at King Edward’s School, Birmingham, then in New Street. Although in the autumn of 1939 he had a place at Birmingham Medical School, he chose to join the army and was commissioned in the Royal Artillery. He acted as a forward spotter attached to the infantry, taking part in the landing at Salerno and the battle of …
Enterovirus 71 infection: a new threat to global public health?
Authors: Jane Qiu
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2008)

The Asia-Pacific region has seen more frequent and widespread outbreaks of enterovirus 71 infections in the past decade. Clinicians and researchers are calling for a better understanding of the evolution of such epidemics and for more proactive international public health polices. Jane Qiu reports.
New mid-grade health workers for rural areas are to start training in 2013
Authors: M. Chaudhuri
Journal: BMJ (2012)

India’s health ministry is introducing a bachelor of science (community health) course in April 2013 in an attempt to solve the problem of the acute shortage of doctors in rural India. 

The course will run for three years and be followed by a six month rotational internship at rural health schools.

The minister of health and family welfare, Ghulam Nabi Azad, said that there were 700 000 fully qualified medical doctors in India but that the country needed an additional million. 

A quarter of primary healthcare centres do not …
Effect of Electric Convulsion Therapy on Urinary Excretion of 3', 5' Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
Authors: K. Hamadah, H. Holmes, G. B. Barker, G. C. Hartman, D. V. W. Parke
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Electric convulsion therapy (E.C.T.) was used in the treatment of 13 women inpatients suffering from depressive symptoms. Twelve of the patients showed a significant increase in urinary excretion of 3', 5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on the day of treatment, whereas four controls who received all or part of the preliminary treatment but no electric shock showed a reduction. The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that the antidepressant action of E.C.T. is mediated through an increased production of cAMP in brain tissue.
SOME STAGES IN THE PROGRESS OF MEDICAL MYCOLOGY.
Authors: R. VANBREUSEGHEM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1964)

Journal Article SOME STAGES IN THE PROGRESS OF MEDICAL MYCOLOGY. Get access R. VANBREUSEGHEM R. VANBREUSEGHEM Institute for Tropical Medicine’Prince Leopold, Nationalistraat 155, Antwerp, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 76, Issue 10, 1 October 1964, Pages 401–407, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1964.tb14463.x Published: 01 October 1964
Static Compliance of the Respiratory System in Healthy Infants
Authors: ROBERT S. TEPPER, TAMICA WILLIAMS, JEFF KISLING, ROBERT CASTILE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We recorded static deflation pressure–volume (PV) curves from near TLC to FRC in 49 healthy, sedated, spontaneously breathing infants of 1 to 104 wk of age. Respiratory activity was transiently inhibited by inflating the respiratory system several times to a volume at an airway pressure of 30 cm H2O (V30). Passive deflation from V30 to FRC was then interrupted by multiple brief occlusions at the airway opening, in order to measure static recoil pressures. The expired volume from V30 to FRC was defined as V30E. Compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) was calculated as the slope of the linear portion of the PV curve from 5 to 15 cm H2O. Crs and V30E increased with increasing body length (p < 0.001). After adjustment for body length, males had greater Crs values than did females (p < 0.01). V30E was smaller in female infants (p < 0.05) and in infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (p < 0.04). Specific compliance (Crs/V30E) declined with increasing age (p < 0.01), but there were no differences related to sex or maternal smoking. We conclude that static deflation PV curves can be recorded in the age range from 1 to 104 wk, and that maternal smoking may produce hypoplastic lungs.
A Case of Conjugal Azathioprine-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity
Authors: Hywel L. Cooper, Fethi Louafi, Peter S. Friedmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A man in his early 30s presented with an intermittent eczematous eruption over the shaft of his penis and scrotum. A careful history-taking revealed that the rash coincided with his wife's intermittent courses of azathioprine for Crohn's disease.
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PALMO-PLANTAR KERATODERMA
Authors: T. ALAMON, B. BOGDANOV, DJ. UCAUR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY. Identical twin boys with palmoplantar keratoderma were treated by total excision of the skin of one sole to the level of the plantar aponeurosis, followed by grafting. The hyperkeratosis did not recur on the treated sole, and the keratoderma of the untreated soles and of the palms disappeared. In both cases the keratoderma eventually recurred on the palms and on the untreated sole.
Pneumothorax — An Uncommon Complication of a Common Procedure
Authors: Tahir Nazir, Shuja Punekar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 92-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a severe left-sided ischemic stroke causing altered mental status (i.e., a score of 9 on the Glasgow Coma Scale, on which scores range from 3 to 15, with higher scores indicating increased consciousness), weakness on the right side, and dysphagia. An initial attempt to insert a small-caliber nasogastric tube for feeding was unsuccessful, with coiling of the tube in the mouth. A subsequent attempt with a stiff stylet resulted in easy insertion, without cough or respiratory distress. While awaiting radiography to confirm positioning of the tube, the patient had shortness of . . .
DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION STUDIES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS (AMIODARONE, DIGOXIN, QUINIDINE, ATORVASTATIN AND VERAPAMIL) INVOLVING P-GLYCOPROTEIN (P-GP), AN EFFLUX TRANSPORTER, ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS (PK) AND PHARMACODYNAMICS (PD) OF EDOXABAN, AN ORAL FACTOR XA INHIBITOR
Authors: Jeanne Mendell, Halim Zahir, Graham Ridout, Robert Noveck, Frank Lee, Shuquan Chen, George Zhang, Minggao Shi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Receptor Avidity and Costimulation Specify the Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling Pattern in Cd4+Cd8+ Thymocytes
Authors: Bruce D. Freedman, Qing-Hua Liu, Selin Somersan, Michael I. Kotlikoff, Jennifer A. Punt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Thymocyte maturation is governed by antigen–T cell receptor (TCR) affinity and the extent of TCR aggregation. Signals provided by coactivating molecules such as CD4 and CD28 also influence the fate of immature thymocytes. The mechanism by which differences in antigen–TCR avidity encode unique maturational responses of lymphocytes and the influence of coactivating molecules on these signaling processes is not fully understood. To better understand the role of a key second messenger, calcium, in governing thymocyte maturation, we measured the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) response to changes in TCR avidity and costimulation. We found that TCR stimulation initiates either amplitude- or frequency-encoded [Ca2+]i changes depending on (a) the maturation state of stimulated thymocytes, (b) the avidity of TCR interactions, and (c) the participation of specific coactivating molecules. Calcium signaling within immature but not mature thymocytes could be modulated by the avidity of CD3/CD4 engagement. Low avidity interactions induced biphasic calcium responses, whereas high avidity engagement initiated oscillatory calcium changes. Notably, CD28 participation converted the calcium response to low avidity receptor engagement from a biphasic to oscillatory pattern. These data suggest that calcium plays a central role in encoding the nature of the TCR signal received by thymocytes and, consequently, a role in thymic selection.
The Role of a Positron- and High-Energy Gamma Photon Probe in Intraoperative Localization of Recurrent Melanoma
Authors: Benjamin L. Franc, Carina Mari, Denise Johnson, Stanley P. Leong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

This preliminary study retrospectively evaluated the ability of intraoperative localization of recurrent melanoma using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and a probe sensitive to both high-energy gamma rays and positrons to enable complete tumor resection and improved patient outcome.Three hours before surgery for resection of recurrent melanoma, 5 patients (mean age, 52 +/- 22 years) with a history of local surgery, radiation therapy, and/or large habitus received 14.6 +/- 3.2 mCi of F-18 FDG. Intraoperative tumor localization was performed with a radiation probe (PET-Probe; IntraMedical Imaging LLC, Los Angeles, CA). Intraoperative tumor tissue activities, background tissue activities, pathology results, and patient follow up (clinical/imaging) were recorded.Eight of the 19 surgical specimens were identified by the probe as having increased FDG uptake when compared with the surrounding tissues before resection. All 8 specimens contained melanoma. Of the 11 specimens that were not identified using the probe, one contained melanoma, yielding a sensitivity of 89% (8 of 9) and a specificity of 100% (10 of 10). In 3 of the 5 cases, the probe allowed the identification of nonvisualized and nonpalpable tumor foci that were later confirmed pathologic. At an average follow up of 210 days (range, 30-515 days), 2 of 5 patients had no evidence of recurrent melanoma by clinical or radiographic evaluations.In the setting of recurrent melanoma, there appear to be potential benefits to intraoperative detection with FDG and a positron-detecting probe, particularly in cases with challenging or altered anatomy.
An endoscopic salvage procedure for the treatment of regurgitation occurring after an unsuccessful esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction and subsequent colonic bypass surgery
Authors: R. Rosch, S. Truong, M. Jansen, V. Schumpelick
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Anastomotic leaks and strictures after esophagectomy are associated with high morbidity and mortality [1] [2]. We present here a patient who had a subtotal esophagectomy with gastric interposition because of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Anastomotic leakage occurred and was treated by endoscopic applications of fibrin glue. One month after discharge she presented with a large (2.5 cm × 5 cm) iatrogenic esophagotracheal fistula. Because of the extensive defect in the pars membranacea and the inflammation we decided against surgical intervention and treated the defect endoscopically using a combination of a Vicryl plug and fibrin glue, as described previously [3]. The tracheal fistula was treated with a covered self-expanding tracheal stent [4].
Quarter of US women postpone or forego treatment because of cost
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2005)

More than a quarter (27%) of US women delayed or went without care that they believed they needed in the past year because they could not afford it. That is an increase of 3% from 2001. This central finding came from a survey of 2766 women aged 18 and older by the Kaiser Family Foundation and released as part of a panel discussion on 7 July at their conference centre in Washington, DC.

Much of the focus in the United States has been on people who do not have any health insurance. But the problem goes beyond that to one of copayments, where the patient has to contribute a proportion of the costs, for prescriptions or …
Prevalence and Severity of Asthma among Adolescents and its Relationship with the Body Mass Index
Authors: V.E. Cassol, T.M. Rizzato, S.P. Teche, D.F. Basso, V.N. Hirata, M. Maldonado, E. Colpo, D. Solé
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Effects of oxidants on the sarcoplasmic reticulum of saponin treated rat ventricular trabeculae
Authors: N. G Macfarlane, D. J Miller, G. L Smith, D. S Steele
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: The aim was to determine the effects of the superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorous acid on in situ cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Methods: Simultaneous measurement of caffeine induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and subsequent myofilament tension generation was made on saponin permeabilised rat ventricular trabeculae before, during, and after exposure to various reactive oxygen species. The superoxide anion (O2.−) was generated using the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, hypochlorous acid (HOC1) was prepared from NaOCl, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was added from a 30% stock solution. Results: At [O2.−] sufficient to abolish tension generation by the myofilaments completely, the associated caffeine induced calcium release was unaffected. Both H2O2 and HOC1 diminished caffeine induced calcium release but had differential effects on the associated tension response. Exposure to HOC1 favoured the occurrence of spontaneous calcium releases from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Conclusions: The reactive oxygen species H2O2 and HOC1 reduced the amount of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum while O2.− was without effect. In some preparations it was observed that HOC1 favoured spontaneous calcium release which might additionally reduce the calcium content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:1647-1652
Embolism From Cardiac Myxoma
Authors: G. X. Trimble
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wish to point out the fallibility of a priority claim inThe Journal, in the article entitled "Ventricular Myxoma Associated With Cerebral Embolism" (<b>214</b>: 2154, 1970)—specifically, the claim in the summary to the effect that "an embolus associated with a myxoma of the ventricle has not been previously reported." Articles by Danta and Williams,<sup>1</sup>Young and Hunter,<sup>2</sup>and Kay et al<sup>3</sup>would indicate otherwise. The first mentioned cites other instances of embolism due to ventricular myxoma; the third reports surgical removal of a myxoma in a patient with recurrent embolism proved to be due to myxomatous tissue.
When I use a word...: Oe no!
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

As chairman of examiners in last year's preclinical examinations I was responsible for drafting the examiners' report. I circulated the first draft to my coexaminers. One of them asked me to change “fetus” to “foetus.”

Fetus derives from the Latin word feto , I breed, but the spelling “foetus” has been around since at least the beginning of the seventh century. St Isidore, Archbishop of Seville, in a section entitled “De homine et partibus eius” in his Originum sive etymologiarum libri ( Books of Origins or Etymologies ), commonly known as the Etymologiae (published in about 620 AD), …
Repair of the nasal sidewall
Authors: P.J.M. Salmon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Repair of the nasal sidewall after skin cancer excision is generally best approached with the use of local flaps for aesthetic reasons. The sidewall may be divided into upper and lower sections and defects described as small, medium or large. In this section I will review the flaps that I feel make best use of adjacent tissue reservoirs allowing aesthetic placement of incisions while protecting free margins and function, and that reward the operator with reliably superior results for the patient.
LEUCOCYTES AND NUCLEINS.
Authors: T. O. SUMMERS
Journal: JAMA (1895)

I believe that St. Luke was the only physician upon the Apostolic Board, and that he is the generally accredited author of the Acts of the Apostles, in which, describing the visit of St. Paul to Athens, he declares parenthetically this very remarkable historic note: "For all the Athenians and the strangers that were there, spend their time in nothing else but either to tell or to hear some new thing." And this neophilism which the great Apostle of the Gentiles has given as an historic character to the "City of the Violet Crown," has descended unto us of later days, and it may be said with truth that among all the workers in the great field of science, medical men are most eager for discovery and most earnest in the search for the ever-unfolding mysteries of truth. And notwithstanding the fact that this spirit of investigation has often been
Doctors may report violence to police
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Doctors and nurses in Wales's biggest accident and emergency unit are being given the go-ahead to report cases of violence to the police on behalf of patients.

The move is part of a crackdown on violence launched by the Cardiff Violence Prevention Group chaired by John Shepherd, professor of oral and maxillofacial surgery at the University of Wales College of …
The Practitioner's Dilemma: Can We Use a Patient's Race To Predict Genetics, Ancestry, and the Expected Outcomes of Treatment?
Authors: Donald A. Barr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Recent research has identified genetic traits that can be used in a laboratory setting to distinguish among global population groups. In some genetic analyses, the population groups identified resemble groups that are historically categorized as "races." On the basis of these associations, some researchers have argued that a patient's race can be used to predict underlying genetic traits and from these traits, the expected outcomes of treatment. Others have questioned the use of race in this way, arguing that racially defined groups are so heterogeneous that predictions of individual characteristics derived from group averages are bound to be problematic. Practitioners today face the dilemma of translating this scientific debate into clinical decisions made 1 patient at a time. Is it or is it not appropriate to use a patient's self-identified "race" to help decide treatment? In contrast to the global population groups identified by genetic studies, the U.S. population has experienced substantial genetic admixture over time, weakening our ability to distinguish groups on the basis of meaningful genetic differences. Nonetheless, many researchers have suggested that these differences are still sufficient to identify racially specific uses for pharmaceutical and other treatments. A review of recent research on the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure finds that race-specific treatments of this type carry a substantial risk for treating patients—black or white—inappropriately, either by withholding a treatment that may be effective or by using a treatment that may be ineffective. Only by moving beyond historical concepts of "race" to examining a patient's individual socioeconomic, cultural, behavioral, and ancestral circumstances can a practitioner select the treatment that is most likely to be effective and in doing so, can best serve that patient's needs.