tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hidden Hierarchies: The Professions and Government
Authors: Amasa B. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The thesis of this book is that the major professions in the United States today are organized in conservative and politically powerful associations which resemble medieval guilds. This illuminating idea, unfortunately, is presented in such a dull style that its force is greatly weakened. There are other original ideas here to reward the hardy reader. Mrs. Gilb, a political scientist who made this study while on a Social Science Research Council grant, points out that the big professional associations not only influence the making of laws but also exhibit some of the characteristics of government themselves, including internal legislative, executive, and even judicial functions. Although she concedes that our society still has elements of democracy and dynamic change, the author suggests that we are on the threshold of a worldwide era of social stratification and "rigidification of the whole system." It may be difficult for members of the medical profession
Pamidronate, Hypocalcemia, and Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation
Authors: Ozden Altundag, Kadri Altundag
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

THE EDITOR:The study by Small et al 1 showed that pamidronate disodium failed to demonstrate a significant overall treatment benefit compared with placebo in palliation of bone pain or reduction of skeletal-related events in metastatic prostate cancer patients.They also observed that the most frequently reported adverse events in both treatment groups were bone pain, nausea, anorexia, and fatigue.Interestingly, they did not observe any hypocalcemia, which may be explained in two ways: one is that they did not measure serum calcium levels 3 to 7 days later after the administration of pamidronate in which time the hypocalcemia is more frequently seen, second is that they added calcium and vitamin D supplementation throughout the study but did not mention this in the treatment plan.
Antibodies to Campylobacter pyloridis in household contacts of infected patients.
Authors: D M Jones, J Eldridge, P J Whorwell
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Erythrocytosis induced by danazol in an anephric patient An anephric patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis developed erythrocytosis after treatment of menorrhagia with danazol; this was associated with a high serum immunoreactive erythropoietin concentra- tion, presumably ofhepatic origin.This may suggest a use for danazol in the treatment of refractory anaemias.
A Bullet and a Bull Moose
Authors: William J. Foley
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The assassin's bullet played an unique role in the presidential career of Theodore Roosevelt. He became president when McKinley was shot by the anarchist Czolgosz, and his efforts to regain the presidency from Taft in the campaign of 1912 ended for all practical purposes in Milwaukee with his own attempted assassination by an unemployed saloonkeeper from New York named John Schrank. Roosevelt had completed a whistle-stop tour of the South, and was just beginning his campaign swing through the Midwest. Late in the afternoon of Oct 14, his train arrived in Milwaukee, where he was to speak in the evening at the civic auditorium. He originally had planned to have dinner in his own railroad car, the<i>Mayflower</i>, but decided instead to go to the Gilpatrick Hotel to have a good bath and eat with some of the local Bull Moose. There—although he did not know it—he also would meet
The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone, vol 1: Structure
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The first edition of this classical treatise in 1956 documented the initial application of new research techniques to the study of bone. Since then, a steady rate of increase in knowledge about structure and function necessitates expansion of the second edition into three volumes. Appropriately, this first volume sets forth a vivid picture of bone structure, so necessary as a prerequisite to understanding the more abstract biochemical and physiological concepts expounded in the subsequent two volumes. This book, composed of nine chapters by as many authors, begins with an elementary review of bone structure and goes on to describe the osteoblast and osteoclast, provides a historical review of research related to these cells, discusses their ultrastructure and function, and speculates as to their origin and fate. Lack of a separate chapter on the osteocyte becomes readily apparent and somewhat puzzling, especially in view of the recent attention given to this
1142 INCREASED BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS AFTER TREATMENT WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN COMBINATION
Authors: C. Bunchorntavakul, W. Chotiyaputta, S. Nimanong, S. Chainuvati, P. Charatcharoenwitthaya, S. Sriussadaporn, T. Tanwandee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
The association between tumor necrosis factor, HLA‐DR alleles, and IgE‐mediated asthma in Taiwanese adolescents
Authors: Ying‐Chu Lin, Cheng‐Chan Lu, Huey‐Jen Su, Chen‐Yang Shen, Huan‐Yao Lei, Yueliang Leon Guo
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR genes and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene locus are associated with asthma and IgE production. TNFα‐308G/A frequencies between Japanese and Caucasians in the UK have been found to be different. The roles of HLA‐DRB1 and TNF genotypes are unknown in Taiwanese adolescents with IgE‐mediated asthma (I‐asthma). Methods: From the population of a 1996 nation‐wide survey, we recruited a random sample for a physical examination, determination of total serum IgE (sIgE), dust‐mite‐specific IgE, and HLA‐DRB1, TNFα‐308, and LTα Nco I polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 80 I‐asthmatics and 69 non‐asthmatics completed the study. We suggested that I‐asthmatics had a higher frequency of the DR13 gene (OR = 8.6, 95% CI = [1.6–161]). The DR13 gene was associated with high sIgE and high dust‐mite‐specific IgE, especially Dermatophagoides farinae . No TNF haplotype or genotype was associated with I‐asthma. The DR13 gene was linked to the LTα Nco I*1 allele. When sIgE was adjusted by multiple logistic regression, the risk of I‐asthma was much higher for the DR13(+)/LTα Nco I*1 haplotype (OR = 25.6, 95% CI = [2.2–1378]) than for the others. Conclusions: In Taiwanese children sensitized to Der f , the DR13(+)/LTα Nco I*1 haplotype was associated with a much higher risk of having clinical asthma than any other DR13/LTαNcoI haplotype.
Stainable iron in aspirated and needle‐biopsy specimens of marrow: A source of error
Authors: T. P. Fong, L. A. Okafor, W. Thomas, M. P. Westerman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract Marrow iron was assessed in needle biopsy sections and in simultaneously obtained aspirated smears and aspirated clot sections from 251 patients. Significantly different amounts of stainable iron were observed in needle biopsy sections and aspirated smears in 15% of the specimens. The usual difference consisted of significantly less stainable iron in needle biopsy sections as compared to the aspirated smears (13%). Of clinical importance was the finding of absent stainable iron in 8% of the needle biopsy sections, in contrast to the definite deposits observed in the corresponding aspirated smear. Of similar interest was the observation that 6% of the needle biospy sections had significantly less stainable iron than corresponding hemosiderotic smears. The amounts of stainable iron in needle biopsy sections were similar to the amounts observed in the corresponding aspirated clot sections. Evaluation of marrow iron using needle biopsy sections as well as aspirated clot sections differs from results observed in aspirated smears and could be a source of significant error in the assessment of iron stores.
ACTION OF METHYL-PHENIDYLACETATE (RITALIN) AND RESERPINE IN BEHAVIOR DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Authors: FREDERIC T. ZIMMERMAN, BESSIE B. BURGEMEISTER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

1. Results of the present study show no significant improvement in verbal intelligence re-test quotient following 6 months of treatment with Ritalin or reserpine, during a time when behavioral improvement was noted in almost two-thirds of two matched groups of children with severe behavioral disorders. 2. Results of motor test favor patients treated with Ritalin, reduction in reaction time being much larger for all sub-test items on re-test than for the reserpine group where no essential change is recorded. In-asmuch as reaction time is one of the most objective and accurate measures of stimulation, increased speed of reaction under Ritalin is a significant finding. 3. Group findings agree with those of other investigators in showing that Ritalin is more effective than reserpine in alleviating depression, increasing alertness, lessening listlessness, etc., the most favorable results being noted where these pre-treatment symptoms were present. Overlapping between the action of both drugs was noted in all behavioral categories following therapy, making interpretation difficult in Individual cases as to the drug of choice. 4. Toxic signs were infrequent and mild, treatment with Ritalin causing occasional insomnia, hyperactivity, loss of appetite, etc., on large doses, especially in children under 6 years of age, but no serious untoward side reactions were seen in any of the patients treated. Drowsiness constituted the major toxic sign in reserpine therapy.
Patient powered health
Authors: T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

“Today the website Mumsnet is the source of all information on pregnancy and beyond,” writes long serving BMJ columnist James Owen Drife, in a wry take on what it feels like for an emeritus professor of obstetrics and gynaecology to become a grandfather (doi:10.1136/bmj.f2214). “Phone calls to an obstetric parent are for quality control purposes only,” he adds.

Drife’s lighthearted comments about the power of an online network such as Mumsnet echo those of this week’s BMJ essayist, Dave deBronkart (doi:10.1136/bmj.f1990). It was through contact with other net savvy patients that deBronkart went from a cancer diagnosis to becoming an international patient …
The Association of Estrogen Replacement Therapy and the Raynaud Phenomenon in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Liana Fraenkel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Hormonal factors may play an important role in the pathophysiology of the Raynaud phenomenon. Experimental studies have shown an increased vasoconstrictor response to estrogen, a response that can be prevented by the addition of progesterone. Objective: To measure the association between estrogen replacement therapy (alone and with progesterone) and the Raynaud phenomenon. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Framingham Offspring Study. Participants: 497 postmenopausal women. Measurements: Prevalence of the Raynaud phenomenon according to hormone use. Covariates measured included age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, and β-blocker use. Results: Forty-nine women were classified as having the Raynaud phenomenon (9.9%). The prevalence of this phenomenon was 8.4% among women who did not receive estrogen, 19.1% among women receiving estrogen alone, and 9.8% among women receiving estrogen plus progesterone. The adjusted odds ratio for the Raynaud phenomenon was 2.5 (95% CI, 1.2 to 5.3) for unopposed estrogen and 0.9 (CI, 0.3 to 2.6) for estrogen plus progesterone, with nonusers as the reference group. Conclusions: Unopposed estrogen therapy was associated with the Raynaud phenomenon in postmenopausal women. This association was not present in women who were receiving combined hormone therapy.
Metabolic effects of salbutamol.
Authors: S P Deacon
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Together with colleagues in the University of Dundee I am completing an analysis of views of a one-in-eight sample of Scottish general practitioners concerning the consultation.From this it is clear that GPs (and a sizable proportion in the survey were not college members) do not share Dr Raine Roberts's view (p 508) on the consultation.There is very strong support for helping new entrants to general practice to readjust their approach to clinical medicine to suit the different circum- stances of general practice.
Closing the Chapter on Maharishi Ayur-Veda-Reply
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —It is disappointing that Dr Chopra expresses no regrets for having misinformed<i>JAMA</i>concerning his conflicts of interest. Chopra prefers to level charges of "prejudice" and "fear mongering" rather than to explain why he claimed that he had no affiliation with the marketers of the products he wrote about—products that continue to be sold from his Lancaster headquarters. These are the undisputed facts that<i>JAMA</i>learned of too late to stop the publication of Chopra's article: Maharishi Ayur-Veda is a registered trademark for a line of TM products and services. Dr Chopra had been the sole stockholder, president, treasurer, and clerk of the company that sells Maharishi Ayur-Veda products. This marketing company and Chopra's American Association of Ayurvedic Medicine have the same phone number. He is the medical director of the premiere Maharishi Ayur-Veda center. Chopra collects many thousands of dollars in honoraria and fees for lecturing and
Plasma lipoprotein metabolism in transgenic mice overexpressing apolipoprotein E. Accelerated clearance of lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein B.
Authors: H Shimano, N Yamada, M Katsuki, K Yamamoto, T Gotoda, K Harada, M Shimada, Y Yazaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

We have reported that transgenic mice overexpressing rat apo E shows marked reduction of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels due to the disappearance of VLDL and LDL. In this study, we investigated the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins in transgenic mice. After intravenous injection, the rates of clearance of 125I-VLDL and 125I-LDL were 3.0- and 2.4-fold greater in transgenic mice than in controls, respectively. Furthermore, clearance of chylomicron remnants estimated by oral retinyl palmitate-loading test was markedly enhanced in transgenic mice. The hepatic expression of LDL receptors by immunoblot analysis was similar in both groups. These data suggest that elimination of lipoproteins containing apo B was due to enhanced clearance of these lipoproteins enriched with apo E through hepatic LDL receptors. When fed a high cholesterol diet, controls showed twofold elevation of plasma cholesterol levels with marked increases in VLDL and LDL cholesterol on gel filtration chromatography. In contrast, cholesterol-fed transgenic mice showed resistance against these increases. High cholesterol feeding decreased the activity of hepatic LDL receptors and had no effect on enhancement of chylomicron remnant clearance in transgenic mice. Thus, overexpression of apo E facilitates metabolism of lipoproteins containing apo B presumably primarily via the LDL receptor pathway and possibly through an interaction with the chylomicron remnant receptor.
Use of a Stringent Dimerizer-Regulated Gene Expression System for Controlled BMP2 Delivery
Authors: Jeong-Tae Koh, Chunxi Ge, Ming Zhao, Zhuo Wang, Paul H. Krebsbach, Zhuoran Zhao, Renny T. Franceschi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Gene therapy using constitutively active viral promoters to drive expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) has been extensively evaluated as a strategy for inducing bone regeneration. However, this approach offers little control over the concentration, timing, or duration of BMP synthesis. To gain greater control over BMP kinetics, we developed a new inducible system for the controlled expression of BMP2 using a two-component transcription factor that is dimerized with rapamycin (Rap). This approach provided stringent control over BMP2 synthesis with no BMP expression detected in the uninduced state. Rapamycin or the less immunosuppressive analogue, AP21967, rapidly and reversibly induced BMP2 in a dose-dependent manner (range 0.1-10 nM). Subcutaneous implants of fibroblasts containing the Rap-inducible system in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice were highly responsive to ip Rap injection (0.1-1 mg/kg). Peak BMP2 levels were detected within 24 h of a single Rap injection and declined to undetectable levels after 8-10 days. Alternate-day Rap injections (1 mg/kg) for 6 weeks induced subcutaneous ectopic bone formation. Rap-dependent healing of a critical-sized cranial defect was also achieved using this system. This regulated BMP2 expression system will be extremely useful for examining the role of timing and sequence of BMP delivery on bone regeneration.
Receptor-mediated uptake of asialoglycoprotein by the primate liver initiates both lysosomal and transcellular pathways
Authors: Michael J. Schiff, Sandra L. Huling, Albert L. Jones
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

The degradation of asialoglycoproteins in hepatocytes has been well described in several animal models, but no direct evidence has yet been obtained for asialoglycoprotein processing in the primate liver. A double radiolabeling strategy was employed in the experiments described in this paper to evaluate the fate of asialoorosomucoid in the squirrel monkey. Intravenously injected asialoorosomucoid was taken up by the liver with a half-time of 1 min. Electron microscopic autoradiography showed progression of asialoorosomucoid from the hepatocyte plasma membrane through vesicles to multivesicular bodies and then to secondary lysosomes near the Golgi-rich area of the cell. Over 75% of the grains initially associated with clear endocytic compartments after injection had moved to these later organelles within 20 min. Following degradation of asialoorosomucoid labeled with the Bolton and Hunter reagent, radiocatabolites were secreted into bile, peaking ˜47 min after injection. We also found that 7 to 8% of the injected protein entered an alternative pathway which led to resecretion of the ligand at the bile canaliculus. This was considerably more than in rats (1 to 3%), but roughly comparable to the amount in guinea pigs (10 to 17%). Intact asialoorosomucoid peaked in monkey bile˜27 min after injection and was 3 to 4 times more concentrated than the initial plasma concentration, indicating receptor-mediated transport. Gel filtration chromatography and polyacrylamide gel analysis of the secreted protein indicated that it had arrived in bile unaltered. Since &lt;1% of the autoradiographic grains were localized to nonparenchymal cells, the hepatocyte was identified as the cell type simultaneously responsible for both pathways. We propose that missorting of some of the asialoglycoprotein to bile reflects diffusion within intracellular sorting compartments to areas primarily dedicated to the processing of unrelated ligands, such as those newly synthesized for biliary secretion.
Cardiovascular Anachronisms
Authors: Marvin L. Daves
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Certain cardiovascular phrases or concepts, particularly roentgenological terms, should be dispensed with because they are either erroneous, misleading, or an impediment to learning. This article discusses a partial list. The first five (cardiothoracic ratio, ventricular enlargement, water-bottle heart, straight back syndrome, straight left heart border) are impediments to the evaluation of the roentgenographic cardiac silhouette; the next two (the trachea is midline, two types of right arch) distract the learner from an understanding of the position and nature of the aortic arch; the next two (Kerley's A, B, and C lines and poor inspiratory effort) obscure relatively simple and reliable roentgenographic reflections of cardiopulmonary pathophysiology, and the last two are improper names that needlessly complicate the complicated subject of aneurysms, dissections, and ruptures. That the assertions in this article are true is substantiated bibliographically. My only contribution is a realization of the chronic learning problems attributable to the persistence of
Mental health services--the user's view.
Authors: P Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The needs of people with serious mental illnesses have dominated much of the debate on reforming community care. In this article Peter Campbell, who has used mental health services many times in the past, explains how the reforms could affect people like him. He welcomes the thinking behind the changes, particularly the idea that people who use community care should take part in planning services, but he warns that implementing the new philosophy might prove very difficult. Mr Campbell is secretary of a voluntary organisation for users of mental health services called Survivors Speak Out. The views he expresses here are his own, and do not necessarily reflect those of Survivors Speak Out.
The Leprosy Conference.
Authors: None Ehlers
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Copenhagen, Feb. 23, 1897. <h3>Sir and much Honored Colleague:</h3> —The conference against leprosy, which will take place in Berlin, in October, 1897, with the support and approbation of the German Government, proposes to itself to seek for information as exact as possible on the distribution and geographic extension of leprosy. In the name of the committee on organization of said conference, I have the honor to ask you to help it in this work, and to do us the honor to procure us information as to the distribution and extension of leprosy, in the form of a general sketch of the distribution and extension of leprosy. Your report is to be as short as possible (in German, English or French); we ask you to be kind enough to send it before the 15th of May, to Professor Lassar, 19 Karlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. It will be printed before the Congress,
Children’s Health: School Siting Poses Particulate Problem
Authors: Carol Potera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Numerous studies dating back 18 years indicate that children who live close to major roadways tend to have more respiratory ailments as a result of exposure to nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ultrafine diesel exhaust particles, and other traffic pollutants.Children spend about 8 hours each weekday in school-and this part of their day may bring no relief from exposure.A new study finds that about one-third of U.S. public schools are located within 400 meters of a major roadway, and about one-tenth are within 100 meters."School attendance may result in a large dose of inhaled traffic pollutants that have been completely overlooked," says study leader
Metal ions induce bone-resorbing cytokine production through the redox pathway in synoviocytes and bone marrow macrophages
Authors: Yasuo Niki, Hideo Matsumoto, Yasunori Suda, Toshiro Otani, Kyosuke Fujikawa, Yoshiaki Toyama, Noriyuki Hisamori, Akira Nozue
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
EYE TROUBLES WHICH CONSTITUTE A FREQUENT SOURCE OF HEADACHE, VERTIGO AND NAUSEA, AND OTHER NERVOUS DISORDERS.Series of four lectures delivered at the Fourth Special Course of the Chicago Policlinic.
Authors: F. C. HOTZ
Journal: JAMA (1893)

LECTURE II.—STRAIN OF THE OCULAR MUSCLES IN BINOCULAR VISION. <i>Second Group</i>:—The ocular affections to which I wish to invite your attention to-day, create disturbances in the nervous system also by strained muscular action. But while a person with abnormal refraction may suffer from nervous symptoms whether he sees with one eye or with both, the group of affections now before us can trouble the person only when he uses both eyes together.<i>The nervous symptoms caused by this second group are due to unusual demands upon the ocular muscles to maintain binocular vision</i>. Binocular vision is only possible if the visual line of each eye (i. e. the straight line drawn from the macula through the center of rotation of the eye) connects the macula with the object, or as it is usually expressed, both eyes must be turned directly towards the object. The slightest deviation of the one visual