tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anaphylactic Cardiac Arrest in a Parturient-Reply
Authors: Anis Baraka
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  As shown by the subtitle, Response of the Newborn, the main goal of our report was to show that the placenta can play an important role in protecting the fetus against drug-induced anaphylactic reactions in the parturient. The placental barrier will prevent crossing of the high-molecular-weight IgE antibodies to the fetus. Also, the high diamine oxidase activity of the maternal decidua will catalyze the oxidative deamination of histamine and other related endogenous amines released during anaphylaxis.  As mentioned by Dr Levi, cardiac arrest during anaphylactic reactions may result from a direct cardiac involvement. It has been shown experimentally, in vitro and in vivo, that the guinea pig heart reacts as a direct target organ during systemic anaphylaxis, resulting in severe rhythm disturbances, including ventricular fibrillation. 1,2 This phenomenon may be extrapolated to other species including man. 2 However, the ECG of our parturient, as mentioned in the case
U-SHAPED RELATIONSHIP OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND OUTCOMES AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Sen Matsumoto, Yasuhiko Sakata, Daisaku Nakatani, Shinichiro Suna, Masaya Usami, Masahiko Hara, Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Shinsuke Nanto, Issei Komuro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Probable Alzheimer's Disease in an Artist
Authors: Jeffrey L. Cummings
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Sequential behavioral and neuropsychological assessments of an artist with probable Alzheimer's disease were made over a 2 1/2-year period. His painting skills underwent dramatic deterioration and a concomitant decline in intellectual ability occurred. Psychological measures suggested that his visuoconstructive skills were relatively less vulnerable to disruption by Alzheimer's disease than were other cognitive functions and that the diminished artistic ability involved motivational, mnemonic, and organizational skills until the later stages of the disease. These observations may contribute to understanding the neurological basis of artistic creativity, as well as the more specific effects of Alzheimer's disease on neuropsychological abilities.
Profilin (Che a 2) and polcalcin (Che a 3) are relevant allergens of Chenopodium album pollen: Isolation, amino acid sequences, and immunologic properties
Authors: Rodrigo Barderas, Mayte Villalba, Cristina Y. Pascual, Eva Batanero, Rosalía Rodríguez
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
POLIOMYELITIS IN GUINEA-PIGS
Authors: M. NEUSTAEDTER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Hi: Wound healed.Loss of weight and strength; complaint of severe pain constant; patient states that the pain in the abdomen is worse than ever; sliohi return of spasticity in all muscle groups and of the reflexes, December 23: Patient very costive; pulse 110; Iorb of Strength; patient slates thai he wants to die; very hysterical; spasticity returned all over and very severe; anesthesia across abdomen as before; bedsore on buttocks, • Inn.I. 1912: Condition bad.January 'id: Deal h from inanition and exhaust inn.A necropsy could not be obtained.COMMENT mi December Iti with the filtered virus of the cord of a monkey that died of poliomyelitis.The animal remained well for twenty four hours.December 21, the guinea-pig was decidedly ill, moved about with some difficulty and had a distinct, paresil in the left hind limb.The animal was at once narcotized am, 1.Jones,
Spontaneous Perforation of Esophagus Simulating Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Paul H. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE PURPOSE of this report is to describe a patient in whom spontaneous perforation of the esophagus simulated acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. By calling attention to the findings in this case, it is hoped that other individuals with this usually fatal, but surgically correctible, disorder may be recognized at an earlier stage and thus benefit from appropriate therapy.  Report of a Case  A 93-year-old bachelor (SMH 57-53-69) was sent to the Strong Memorial Hospital Emergency Department from a nursing home on Jan 29, 1964, because of severe abdominal pain. The patient had been in excellent health until 8 PM on the day prior to admission, at which time he experienced the sudden onset of lower abdominal pain, vomiting, and profuse diaphoresis. He was noted to be slightly confused and to have cold skin but his temperature was normal.  Abdominal pain subsided within an hour but during the night, the patient complained
THE RELATION OF BACILLUS ABORTUS FROM BOVINE SOURCES TO MALTA FEVER
Authors: Theobald Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

1. Comparative tests on guinea pigs with B. abortus yield the best results when minute doses are injected subcutaneously and the animal kept at least 4 weeks. 2. B. abortus gradually loses its virulence for guinea pigs under artificial cultivation. 3. Two cultures resembling B. abortus from cattle, isolated from human cases of so called Malta fever, are shown to be in their effect on guinea pigs not identical with the bovine strains. 4. The results of studies of B. abortus from swine indicate a close relation between the porcine strains and the two human strains.
Tuberculosis and AIDS researchers fail to work together, article says
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A rift between doctors in the HIV and tuberculosis communities is undermining the fight against both diseases, an article in Nature Medicine has claimed (2007;13:268-70, doi: 10.1038/nm0307-268).

As HIV infection rates continue to rise and Africa witnesses the alarming spread of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB), the two research communities are failing to combine forces against what is effectively a dual epidemic in many parts of the developing world.

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people infected with HIV, and in some African countries about 60% of people with tuberculosis are also HIV positive.

Despite this, the report in Nature Medicine …
CD40ligand‐expressing dendritic cells induce regression of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating innate and acquired immunity in vivo
Authors: Maria A. Gonzalez‐Carmona, Veronika Lukacs‐Kornek, Anne Timmerman, Sara Shabani, Miroslaw Kornek, Annabelle Vogt, Yildiz Yildiz, Elisabeth Sievers, Ingo G.H. Schmidt‐Wolf, Wolfgang H. Caselmann, Tilman Sauerbruch, Volker Schmitz
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells able to prime T-cells against tumor-associated antigens (TAA), but their potential to induce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) regression is still limited. CD40/CD40L interaction is essential for DC activation and induction of antigen-specific T-cells. In this study, transduction of TAA-pulsed DC with a CD40L-encoding adenovirus (Ad-CD40L) was used to improve the immune response induced by DC toward HCC. Bone marrow–derived DC from C3H/HeNcrl mice were cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. On day 6, tumor-lysate pulsed DCs were infected with adenoviruses. HCCs were induced by inoculation of mice with Hepa129-cells subcutaneously. When tumor-volume was 100 to 400 mm3, DCs were injected intratumorally, subcutaneously, or intravenously. Ad-CD40L transduction exerted CD40/CD40L interactions between DCs, increasing DC immunostimulation with up-regulation of CD80/CD86- and interleukin-12 (IL-12) expression. Intratumoral injection of CD40L-DC was superior to intravenous or subcutaneous treatments, yielding tumor elimination in almost 70% of mice. Moreover, all tumor-free animals were protected against hepatic tumor cell rechallenge. In a preventive setting, subcutaneous injection of CD40L-expressing DCs protected 50% of mice for more than 3 months toward tumor cell challenge. The induced immune response seemed to be dependent on cross-priming with Th1-lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, because transduced DCs were redetected in lymphoid tissues. In addition, immunohistochemistry of tumors indicated a significant tumor infiltration with CD4+, CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were tumor-specific, as shown in interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot and T-cell proliferation assays. Conclusion: Transduction of DCs with Ad-CD40L increases significantly the stimulatory capacity of DCs. Intratumoral injection of DCs activates both acquired and innate immunity, inducing complete regression of established tumors and long-term immunity against tumor recurrence. This approach improves the antitumoral potential of DCs. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Achieving Justice in Genomic Translation: Re-Thinking the Pathway to Benefit
Authors: Lainie Friedman Ross
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of metformin treatment on insulin action in diabetic rats: In vivo and in vitro correlations
Authors: Luciano Rossetti, Ralph A. DeFronzo, Roberto Gherzi, Peter Stein, Gabriella Andraghetti, Giorgio Falzetti, Gerald I. Shulman, Eveline Klein-Robbenhaar, Renzo Cordera
Journal: Metabolism (1990)

The mechanism (both at the whole body and cellular level) by which metformin improves insulin sensitivity has yet to be defined. In the present study, we examined in vivo insulin-mediated whole-body glucose disposal, glycogen synthesis, hepatic glucose production, and insulin secretion, as well as in vitro muscle insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in eight control, eight neonatal streptozotocin diabetic rats, and eight diabetic rats before and after treatment with metformin. Ten weeks after birth diabetic rats had higher fasting (132 + 5 v 101 + 2 mg/dL) and postmeal (231 + 10 v 133 + 3) plasma glucose levels compared with controls (P < .001). Metformin treatment was followed by a significant decrease in the growth rate and normalized glucose tolerance without enhancing the deficient insulin response. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake in diabetic versus control rats was reduced (P < .01) during the high-dose (15.4 + 0.6 v 18.3 + 1.0 mg/kg · min) insulin clamp study and was increased to values greater (P < .05) than controls following metformin treatment. Muscle glycogen synthetic rate in vivo, measured by incorporation of 3H-3-glucose radioactivity, was diminished by 25% (P < .01) in diabetic rats, restored to normal values with metformin, and correlated closely (r = .82, P < .002) with total-body glucose uptake during the insulin clamp in all three groups. Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity, measured in partially purified insulin receptors, was reduced in diabetic rats and increased to supernormal levels after metformin. The decrease in muscle tyrosine kinase activity in diabetic versus control animals was entirely accounted for by a reduction in maximal velocity (Vmax) (32 v 45 pmol/mg · min, P < .01) and increased to supernormal levels following metformin (91 pmol/mg · min, P < .001) without any change in affinity (Km). Muscle tyrosine kinase activity was closely correlated with both the muscle glycogen synthetic rate (r = .82, P < .002) and total-body insulin-mediated glucose disposal (r = .64, P < .01) in vivo. The close correlation between in vivo insulin action, muscle glycogen synthesis, and muscle insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity is consistent with an important role of the enzyme in the insulin resistance of diabetes and its improvement following metformin treatment.
Atlas of Iodocholesterol Scintigraphy (NP-59) in Cushing's Syndrome With CT and MR Correlation
Authors: KELVIN C. YU, DOUGLAS L. FRAKER, HARVEY A. ZIESSMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

An atlas of I-131 iodocholesterol scintigraphy, each with correlative CT or MRI illustrates the findings in 12 patients with biochemically proven Cushing's syndrome and ultimate surgical cure. Included are patients with both ACTH dependent and independent disease, as well as patients with postoperative functional adrenal remnants. Emphasis will be on the concordance or discordance of the anatomical and functional imaging modalities.
New drugs in respiratory disorders.
Authors: K M Citron, J H Angel, A R Somner
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Binder concluded that insulin is a micro- vascular vasoconstrictor.Circulating insulin has general cardiovascular effects unrelated to its hypoglycaemic action, which have been attributed to hypovolaemia perhaps caused by stimulation of endothelial transport of plasma proteins4 rather than to changes in vascular tone.Insulin, however, has a local vasodilator effect in the isolated rat tail, apparently due to antagonism of nora- drenaline mediated vasoconstriction.5Any local vasoactivity of insulin in the intact human is hard to demonstrate as the standard clinical method of blood flow measurement, that of isotope washout,6 is invalidated by high local insulin concentrations that could interfere with partition of the marker isotope between tissue and blood.7We applied photoelectric plethysmography, a non-invasive optical method, to measure changes in blood flow close to sites of subcutaneous injection of insulin. 8In normal and stable diabetic patients subcutaneous injection of insulin produced variable increases in local blood flow lasting up to 60 minutes.Since control injections of insulin diluent did not have this effect this local hyperaemia appears to be due to intrinsic local vasodilator activity of insulin itself. 9More recently other workers have used laser doppler flowmetry, a technique similar to photoelectric plethysmography, to show that circulating insulin is a microvascular vasodilator.'IThe balance of evidence therefore seems to favour insulin having an intrinsic vasodilator and hyperaemic action.Through this action insulin could promote its own absorption; conversely, the apparent failure of insulin to exert this effect in certain patients with brittle diabetes9 could impair absorption in these patients, some of whom seem to have a barrier to subcutaneous insulin absorption.
Peer Review and Dissenting Manuscripts: The Cantekin Case-Reply
Authors: Erdem I. Cantekin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The manuscript in question was originally drafted by Dr Cantekin as a competing analysis of the AB-OME-I data for consideration within the Otitis Media Research Center. At the time, Dr Cantekin was the director of research of the Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology at Children's Hospital. Drs Bluestone and Mandel, who were listed as first and second authors, rejected Dr Cantekin's analysis and instead sent their own manuscript, Mandel et al, to the N<i>ew England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)</i>as the report of the Otitis Media Research Center. Dr Cantekin revised his manuscript with statistical assistance from Dr McGuire, deputy dean of the GSTA at Carnegie Mellon University. That manuscript was sent to the<i>NEJM</i>with a cover letter in which "(1) Cantekin referred to the OMRC [Otitis Media Research Center] manuscript submitted the month before... (2) Cantekin stated that he was a coinvestigator who had not succeeded
Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction — An Emerging Relation
Authors: Ron J.G. Peters, S. Matthijs Boekholdt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

sibility to the idea that the rash predisposes persons to zoster. 10 One could therefore postulate that it is preferable that children not acquire infection with wild-type VZV.The Oka or vaccine strain of VZV rarely causes rash and is associated with less zoster in children with leukemia than the natural infection. 9There are early indications that zoster may also occur less frequently after immunization of normal children. 2 The choice may be between living with latent wild-type VZV that is prone to give rise to zoster and postherpetic neuralgia and being immunized with the vaccine-type virus that is less likely to give rise to either of these.The obvious preference is for successful vaccination and avoidance of wild-type VZV infection.In the current report, the authors suggest that the number of primary vaccine failures in previous studies may have been obscured because persons with such failures were excluded from the analysis.The authors go on to comment reasonably that one cannot and should not make policy statements on the basis of a single outbreak and that it will be important to observe the experience of others.Still, this outbreak constitutes a warning signal.A second dose of varicella vaccine, given routinely, should decrease the number of children who have primary vaccine failure and might also prevent waning immunity, if it does indeed currently occur.The best way to protect children and adults from wild-type VZV might be to give everyone two doses of vaccine; however, formal studies will be required to determine whether this approach works, as well as the cost-benefit ratio.It is noteworthy that it took the routine administration of two doses of measles vaccine to children to control measles in the United States.The time for exploring the possibility of routinely administering two doses of varicella vaccine to children seems to have arrived.
Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: The Glass Is Half Occupied
Authors: Frank Davidoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Editorials1 November 1995Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: The Glass Is Half OccupiedFrank Davidoff, MDFrank Davidoff, MDEditorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In the half century or so since C. Miller Fisher first recognized the clinical significance of carotid artery disease, its management has changed dramatically, but never more so than in the past few years. Several important trials have now firmly established the effectiveness of surgery for more severe symptomatic carotid stenosis. In a Perspective paper in this issue [1], Drs. Brott and Toole summarize the results of the recent Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Study (ACAS), pushing the management envelope one step further by comparing the effectiveness of surgery with that of medical management in asymptomatic carotid disease. Although surgery in this ...References1. Brott T, Toole JF. Medical compared with surgical treatment of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:720-2. Google Scholar2. Barnett HJ, Meldrum HE, Eliasziw M. The dilemma of surgical treatment of patients with asymptomatic carotid disease. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:723-5. Google Scholar3. Cote R, Battista RN, Abrahamowicz M, Langlois Y, Bourque F, Mackey A, et al. Lack of effect of aspirin in asymptomatic patients with carotid bruits and substantial carotid narrowing. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:649-55. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Editor PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMedical Compared with Surgical Treatment of Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis Thomas Brott and James F. Toole The Dilemma of Surgical Treatment for Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Disease Henry J.M. Barnett , Heather E. Meldrum , and Michael Eliasziw Lack of Effect of Aspirin in Asymptomatic Patients with Carotid Bruits and Substantial Carotid Narrowing Robert Cote , Renaldo N. Battista , Michal Abrahamowicz , Yves Langlois , France Bourque , Ariane Mackey , and Metrics 1 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 9Page: 729KeywordsAspirinCarotid arteriesPatient Protection and Affordable Care ActStenosisSurgery Issue Published: 1 November 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Studies of drugs in epilepsy cited by author are not evidence based
Authors: A G Marson, D W Chadwick
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—We were surprised to read Brodie's letter claiming the existence of “hard empirical evidence” to support a mechanistic approach in the management of epilepsy.1 He refers to an unpublished study in which patients with partial seizures resistant to monotherapy with carbamazepine (a sodium channel blocker) were randomised to take additional valproate or vigabatrin (drugs with GABA-ergic mechanisms).2 In those patients who responded to dual therapy, withdrawal of carbamazepine was attempted, with a view to achieving monotherapy with either …
Increased innervation of the vulval vestibule in patients with vulvodynia
Authors: P. Tympanidis, G. Terenghi, P. Dowd
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Vulval vestibulitis is a condition characterized by the sudden onset of a painful burning sensation, hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and occasionally pruritus, localized to the region of the vulval vestibulus. It is considered the commonest subset of vulvodynia. Pain precipitated in the absence of nociceptor stimuli might be triggered by previous peripheral nerve injury, or by the release of neuronal mediators, which set off inappropriate impulses in nonmyelinated pain fibres sensitizing the dorsal horn neurones. The pathophysiology of vulval vestibulitis is still unclear.The objective of this study was to evaluate the nerve fibre density and pattern, in specimens of vulval vestibulus, in normal subjects and in patients with vestibulitis, and provide objective diagnostic criteria for this condition. Methods Twelve patients with a history of the vestibulitis type of vulvodynia, and eight normal subjects underwent biopsy of the posterior wall of the vulval vestibule. Quantitative immunohistochemistry was performed, using antisera to the general neuronal marker protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, and to the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), on 15- microm sections.There was a statistically significant increase of density and number of PGP 9.5 immunoreactive in the papillary dermis of patients with vulvodynia of the vestibulitis type, compared with those of controls. However, the distribution pattern of the innervation showed no significant change. There were no significant differences in CGRP staining between patients and controls.It is concluded that the increase of PGP 9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibres, in patients with vulvodynia, may be either secondary to nerve sprouting, or may represent neural hyperplasia. Increased innervation may be applied as an objective diagnostic finding in vulval vestibulitis syndrome.