tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung cancer mortality and residential proximity to industry.
Authors: M S Gottlieb, C L Shear, D B Seale
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

A potential causal relationship has been suggested by other studies between air pollution and lung cancer. To attempt to define the risk of lung cancer associated with residential proximity to industry by type in Louisiana, lung cancer deaths occurring between 1960 and 1975 in residents of 20 parishes were compared to controls matched on age, sex, year of death and parish of residence. The comparisons were limited to cases (N = 1418) and controls (N = 1429) with known length of exposure to and residing within 0.99 mile (exposed and 1.0 to 3.0 miles (unexposed) radius of an industry type. Of the 13 industry types evaluated, the petroleum and chemical industries showed the highest consistent elevations in risk associated with closeness of residence to industry, whereas possible risks shown for food, grain, canning, and paper industries are less defined. For the petroleum industry, the risk was demonstrated in the group with 10 or more years of residential exposure to the industry in question. For the chemical industry, the residential risk was found in people employed in low risk occupations, who were exposed to large individual industries and was independent of length of exposure as determined for less or more than ten years, (RR = 4.5). The results suggest that residential proximity to petrochemical industries may make a contribution to the lung cancer mortality in Louisiana.
LDL Cholesterol Is Associated With Blood Pressure in Japanese Women
Authors: Eiji Oda, Ryu Kawai
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

HDL cholesterol is considered a component of insulin resistance syndrome or metabolic syndrome, but LDL cholesterol is not considered a component of metabolic syndrome (1–3). We have reviewed the literature and have found that there may be no report regarding the association between LDL cholesterol and blood pressure.

We studied cross-sectional relationships between LDL cholesterol and other metabolic risk factors using medical checkup data from 2,449 Japanese men (age 51.9 ± 9.6 years) and 1,448 Japanese women (age 51.5 ± 9.8 years) who visited …
Splinting vs Surgery for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome—Reply
Authors: Annette A. M. Gerritsen, Henrica C. W. de Vet, Rob J. P. M. Scholten, Frits W. Bertelsmann, Marc C. T. F. M. de Krom, Lex M. Bouter
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A NEW EVACUATOR FOR USE AFTER LITHOLAPAXY.
Authors: GEORGE WALKER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The apparatus as shown in the accompanying cut consists of an evacuating tube, a glass receptacle, a wire sieve and a syringe. These are connected by means of two pieces of rubber tubing, two glass tubes and one rubber stopper. The evacuating tube, straight or curved, is made after the ordinary pattern. The glass receptacle is five inches in length and one and three-eighths inches in diameter. It is constricted in the lower portion, at which place the lumen is slightly larger than that of the evacuating tube. During the operation the stone fragments fall through this aperture and into the lower portion of the receptacle, where they remain undisturbed by the motion of the fluid in the upper part. The wire sieve is a closed cylinder; it is connected to the rubber stopper by means of a piece of brass tubing; this device serves to prevent any particles from
Abstract 741: Lactic acid, hyperacidic media, and hypoxia diminish 4-hydroxyanisole-induced toxicity in melanoma cell lines
Authors: Majid Moridani, Shashi Kudugunti, Rama Krishna Samala
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Lack of in-vitro in-vivo correlation in drug efficacy is a major problem in anticancer drug discovery, which may be attributed to hypoxia and lactic acid production in tumor. In current work, we evaluated the effect of hypoxia, lactic acid and hyper-acidic condition on efficacy of 4-hydroxyanisole (4-HA) as an anti-melanoma prodrug in human SK-MEL-28 cells. Lactic acid concentrations and pH were determined in tumor and compared with liver, lung, kidney and serum in skin melanoma tumor model in mice. The pH of tumor and blood was measured using pH meter. The lactic acids were measured by a microdialysis analyzer. Modular incubator chamber was used to maintain hypoxic condition. MTT assay was used for IC50 (48h) determination and cell viability measurement. Male C57BL/6 mice (n=3) were inoculated s.c. at right flank with 1×106 B16-F0 melanoma cells. The pH of tumor and serum was 6.8-6.9 and 7.4-7.6, respectively, indicating that pH was significantly lower in tumor. The lactic acid concentrations in tumor increased from 10.8 to 19.4mM during day 8 through 13 post melanoma cell inoculation, whereas in serum, liver, lung and kidney remained within 5.5-7.8mM, 11.1-14.4mM, 3.5-6.9mM and 6.6-7.5mM, respectively. Normoxia results: The IC50 (48h) of 4-HA in SK-MEL-28 was 50µM. Lactic acid demonstrated a concentration dependent toxicity towards melanoma cell lines with an IC50 (48h) of 20mM. 4-HA (50µM) led to 50% toxicity in the presence of lactic acid (5-20mM) as well. A decrease in pH of the media was observed with an increase in lactic acid concentration. Hypoxia results: The IC50 (48h) of 4-HA remained 50µM in hypoxia. Lactic acid was less toxic to the cells under hypoxia. 4-HA (50µM) showed no toxicity in presence of lactic acid (5-20mM) under hypoxic condition. The effect of pyruvic acid, HCl and NaCl on 4-HA toxicity were also investigated in normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Our results suggest that lactic acid, hyper-acidic media and hypoxia may play major roles in diminishing 4-HA toxicity in melanoma cells, however, the role of hypoxia was found to be more prominent. Lactic acid provided protective effect against 4-HA induced toxicity under hypoxic condition. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 741.
Airline's magazine promotes tobacco products
Authors: M White
Journal: BMJ (1994)

our observations were incorrect, as Wilmshurst suggests.4There are about 50000 subaqua divers in Britain; about 15 000 would be expected to have a patent foramen ovale.About 100 episodes of neurological decompression sickness occur in Britain each year.A shunt will not necessarily result in decompression sickness, even in experienced divers.'Published evidence suggests that a shunt may increase the risk of a diver developing some form of decompression sickness.This extra risk, however, is small.
Vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) detected by HCV-RNA analysis.
Authors: T Kuroki, S Nishiguchi, K Fukuda, N Ikeoka, R Murata, G Isshiki, S Tomoda, S Ogita, T Monna, K Kobayashi
Journal: Gut (1993)

<h3>Context</h3> To increase detection, urine samples from young males could be opportunistically tested for <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine <i>C. trachomatis</i> prevalence in urine, optimum specimen and compare sensitivity/feasibility of routine use of different testing methods. <h3>Design</h3> Group A, 9sterile9 pyuria samples June 1998-January 1999, tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and, if reactive, by immunofluorescence (IF). Subsequently batch-tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Group B, consecutive urine samples October 1998-January 1999; batch-tested by PCR. <h3>Setting</h3> Microbiology laboratory. <h3>Samples</h3> From males aged 18-30 years; group A = 71, group B = 83. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> positive if EIA- and IF- or PCR-positive. <h3>Results</h3> Group A: 12 EIA/IF-positive; 9/12 and 15 EIA-negative samples PCR-positive. Group B: 11 PCR-positive; 8/11 showed 9sterile9 pyuria. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Opportunistic testing of urine from young men shows a significant number of <i>C. trachomatis</i> infections. 9Sterile9 pyuria samples are optimal. EIA/IF are less sensitive than PCR but can be routinely performed and detect a significant proportion of cases.
Obama is urged to support India in supplying world with generic drugs
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Leading American organisations have asked President Obama to support India in providing “high quality” and “low cost” generic drugs that are essential to promoting healthcare around the globe.

In a letter dated 20 January the organisations, which include the Health Global Access Project, the American Foundation for AIDS Research, and Oxfam America, urged Obama to support the interests of people living “in the United States, India, Africa, or elsewhere” who require affordable drugs, instead of promoting the narrow interests of …
The Effect of Fenfluramine and Caloric Restriction on Carbohydrate Homeostasis in Patients with Lipodystrophy
Authors: Thomas A Wilson, Terry Melton, William L Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

In an attempt to differentiate the effect of fenfluramine hydrochloride from that of caloric restriction on carbohydrate tolerance in patients with lipodystrophy, parameters of carbohydrate homeostasis were studied in patients with lipodystrophy during periods offenfluramine treatment and during periods of caloric restriction. Although carbohydrate tolerance appeared to improve initially in one patient when treated with fenfluramine, this improvement did not persist. No beneficial influence of fenfluramine on carbohydrate tolerance could be identified in the other patients studied. By contrast, all patients demonstrated an improvement in carbohydrate tolerance in response to caloric restriction. These data suggest that caloric restriction improves carbohydrate tolerance in patients with lipodystrophy whereas fenfluramine, in the absence of caloric restriction, has no long-term beneficial effect.
Use of Chimeric Fluorescent Proteins and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Monitor Cellular Responses
Authors: Manuela Zaccolo
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

In recent years, the development of new technologies based on the green fluorescent protein and fluorescence resonance energy transfer has introduced a new perspective in the study of cell biology. Real-time imaging of fluorescent biosensors has made it possible to directly visualize individual molecular events as they happen in intact, live cells, providing important and original insights for our understanding of biologically relevant problems. This review discusses some essential methodological aspects concerning the generation and use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensors and presents selected examples of specific applications that highlight the power of this technology.
Long term effects of guar gum on lipid metabolism after carotid endarterectomy
Authors: J.-P. Salenius, E. Harju, H. Jokela, H. Riekkinen, M. Silvasti
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Human papillomavirus types in relation to histological diagnoses in patients with two cervical smears showing mild or moderate dyskaryosis Cervical intraepithelial Human neoplasia grade papillomavirus Invasive
Response to Comments on: Inzucchi et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Patient-Centered Approach. Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 2012;35:1364–1379
Authors: David R. Matthews, Silvio E. Inzucchi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We read the comments of Rodbard and Jellinger (1) with interest, but we feel that perhaps the very problem that the position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (2) was trying to circumvent comes across strongly in their communication. We have been cautious of certainty on the basis of the variety of clinical situations, the heterogeneity of response, the disparities of resource, the complexity of social or cultural environments, and the manifold wishes of each of our patients. Indeed, the primary care physician may be best placed to implement a proper individualized and successful therapeutic strategy.

Our position statement is not, and was not designed to be, an algorithm. The rationale for this is that we felt that expressing “strong preferences” and a belief that a “specific prescriptive approach …
The Global Spread of Hepatitis C Virus 1a and 1b: A Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Analysis
Authors: Gkikas Magiorkinis, Emmanouil Magiorkinis, Dimitrios Paraskevis, Simon Y. W. Ho, Beth Shapiro, Oliver G. Pybus, Jean-Pierre Allain, Angelos Hatzakis
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Using phylodynamic and phylogeographic methods, Angelos Hatzakis and colleagues find that the global spread of Hepatitis C virus coincided with widespread use of transfused blood and with the expansion of intravenous drug use.
Hematopoietic Growth Factors — Not Whether, but When and Where
Authors: Dieter Hoelzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Many studies have appraised the value of treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. The principal aim of this treatment is to reduce the risk of infection, thereby minimizing the need for hospitalization and parenteral antibiotics. In several clinical trials, the administration of G-CSF or GM-CSF after chemotherapy did not prevent neutropenia but did shorten its duration. In some of the studies, patients treated with colony-stimulating factor had fewer febrile episodes, fewer hospitalizations, and shorter hospital stays than patients not receiving this treatment, but it had no influence on the frequency of . . .
Influenza-like illness surveillance using a deputising medical service corresponds to surveillance from sentinel general practices
Authors: M Coory, K Grant, H Kelly
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Standard sources of data for influenza surveillance include notifications of laboratory-confirmed cases and notifications from sentinel general practices. These data are not always available in a timely fashion, leading to proposals to use more immediate data sources such as over-the-counter drug sales, ambulance call-outs and web searches to monitor influenza-like illness (ILI). We aimed to assess data from a deputising medical service as another source of data for timely syndromic influenza surveillance. We measured the extent of agreement between the weekly percentage of patients with ILI reported from sentinel general practices and the corresponding weekly percentage reported from a deputising medical service in Victoria, Australia over ten years, from 1999 to 2008. There was good agreement between the two data sources, with suitably narrow limits of agreement. The deputising medical service did not use a standardised definition of ILI and is not supplemented by laboratory confirmation of suspected cases. Nevertheless, the results of this study show that such data can provide low cost and timely ILI surveillance.
Sclerema Neonatorum— A Sign, Not a Disease
Authors: Warren J. Warwick
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Experience indicates that sclerema neonatorum is a morbid sign which occurs during the course of a potentially fatal disease process. In a study of 18 infants who exhibited the sign, 14 were found to have pneumonia. Sclerema developed as a terminal event (within 8 hours of death) in five instances. In six others, the time of appearance ranged from 14 hours to 5 days before death. In these cases death was the result of a progressive disease. Of the seven remaining infants, four were treated with steroids and three, without. In these cases, sclerema disappeared as the infants recovered from the underlying disease. Rapid application of therapy specific for the underlying disease is necessary and sufficient to reverse the sclerema. Cortisone is not essential to treatment.
Myelopathy After Duck Embryo Vaccine
Authors: H. Richard McFarland
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> According to<i>Dorland</i>, myelopathy in this case refers to a disease of the spinal cord. The case presented by Dr. Mozar, in addition to marked weakness of the back, arm, and leg muscles, had marked weakness of the neck, dysphagia, and minimal respiratory distress. There was also a loss of reflexes without sensory deficit. These neurologic signs are not typical of a myelopathic process that often includes a sensory level and sphincter disturbance. The spinal fluids showed a persistent elevation of protein content without cells (an albuminocytologic dissociation). The patient apparently responded to treatment with glucocorticoids. These findings are consistent with the GuillainéBarré complex, a polyradiculoneuropathy, that has occurred after a variety of inoculations, including duck embryo rabies vaccine (<i>Arch Neurol</i>14:196, 1966).
Endothelial Cell Dysfunction—Can One Outsmart Oxidative Stress by Direct Interaction with the Pathological Oxidized or Heme-Free Soluble Guanyl-Cyclase?
Authors: J.-P. Stasch, P.M. Schmidt, P.I. Nedvetsky, T.Y. Arun Nedvetskaya, H.S. Kumar, S. Meurer, M. Deile, A. Taye, A. Knorr, H. Lapp, H. Müller, Y. Turgay, C. Rothkegel, A. Tersteegen, B. Kemp-Harper, W. Müller-Esterl, H. Schmidt
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

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Eberhard Ritz Feature Editor



It is well known that the rate of CV death is excessive in renal patients ([1][2]), but the underlying causes have not been completely resolved. Endothelial dysfunction, however, is thought to play a central role. One indicator of endothelial
Emergency Department Attendance by Patients With Cancer in Their Last Month of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lesley A. Henson, Wei Gao, Irene J. Higginson, Melinda Smith, Joanna M. Davies, Clare Ellis-Smith, Barbara A. Daveson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose To explore factors associated with emergency department (ED) attendance by patients with cancer in their last month of life. Methods Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library) were searched through February 2014 for studies investigating ED attendance toward the end of life by adult patients (age 18 years or older) with cancer. No time or language limitations were applied. We performed meta-analysis of factors using a random-effects model, with results expressed as odds ratios (OR) for ED attendance. Sensitivity analyses explored heterogeneity. Results Thirty studies were identified, reporting three demographic, five clinical, and 13 environmental factors, combining data from five countries and 1,181,842 patients. An increased likelihood of ED attendance was found for men (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.29; I 2 , 58.2%), black race (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.40 to 1.50; I 2 , 0.0%; reference, white race), patients with lung cancer (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.23; I 2 , 59.5%; reference, other cancers), and those patients of the lowest socioeconomic status (SES; OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.19; I 2 , 0.0%; reference, highest SES). Patients receiving palliative care were less likely to attend the ED in their last month of life (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.51; I 2 , 59.4%). Conclusion We identified demographic (men; black race), clinical (lung cancer), and environmental (low SES; no palliative care) factors associated with an increased risk of ED attendance by patients with cancer in their last month of life. Our findings may be used to develop screening interventions and assist policy-makers to direct resources. Future studies should also investigate previously neglected areas of research, including psychosocial factors, and patients' and caregivers' emergency care preferences.
The Genetics of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Childhood
Authors: Paul Lichtenstein, Eva Carlström, Maria Råstam, Christopher Gillberg, Henrik Anckarsäter
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Autism spectrum disorders are considered to be among the most heritable mental disorders, a notion based on surprisingly sparse data from small clinical studies. Population-based studies of the heritability of other neuropsychiatric disorders and comorbidities among them have also been sparse. The authors sought to address both of these issues.Parents of all Swedish 9- and 12-year-old twin pairs born between 1992 and 2000 (N=10,895) were interviewed regarding autism spectrum disorders and associated conditions (response rate, 80%). Concordance rates and structural equation modeling were used for evaluating causes for familial aggregation and overlap between conditions.Monozygotic twins had higher concordance rates than dizygotic twins for autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental coordination disorder, and tic disorder. Genetic effects accounted for 80% (95% CI=29-91) of the variation in liability for autism spectrum disorders, 79% (95% CI=61-88) for ADHD, 70% (95% CI=35-83) for developmental coordination disorder, and 56% (95% CI=37-68) for tic disorder. Among monozygotic co-twins of children with autism spectrum disorders, the probability of having a diagnosis of ADHD was 44%, compared with 15% for dizygotic co-twins. Differences in cross-disorder effects between monozygotic and dizygotic twins were observed for most other comorbidities, and substantial proportions of the genetic variance for autism spectrum disorders was shared with each of the other disorders.Different neuropsychiatric disorders seem to have a common genetic etiology, suggesting caution in the use of diagnostic entities and proband status in efforts to uncover genes predisposing to autism spectrum disorders.