tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Problems With the Medicalization of Marijuana
Authors: Samuel T. Wilkinson, Deepak Cyril D’Souza
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2267A: Red beetroot dye inhibits proliferation in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Authors: Daniel Lew, Kay Wrege, Gary Stoner, Jonathan M. Bock
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCCHN) comprises more than 90% of all head and neck cancers. Despite the many recent advancements in cancer therapy, SCCHN survival has had little improvement with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. SCCHN is currently the 6th most common form of cancer in the United States and is rapidly becoming one of the most frequent cancers in developing nations. Red beetroot dye is a commonly used food additive to add a deep red color to commonly consumed foods like ice cream and yogurt. It also contains active anticancer chemical compounds such as betanins and betalains. These compounds are prepared by crushing the beetroots and mixing with water, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and dextrin. Previous work has shown that red beetroot dye can be effective in suppressing the development of multiorgan tumors in animal experiments, including up to 70% prevention of esophageal cancer in a rat chemoprevention study. No previous studies have evaluated the ability of red beetroot dye to inhibit the growth and proliferation of SCCHN. SCCHN cells were treated with increasing dose concentration of red beetroot dye and assessed for proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle changes, and G1 protein expression changes. We observed dose dependent toxicity in SCCHN following red beetroot dye treatment with concomitant cell cycle arrest in the G1 and G2 cell cycle phases. Cell cycle arrest appeared to be more significant with p53 mutation. Decreased cell counts were induced by cells undergoing apoptosis and necrosis. UMSCC-17b (mutant p53) treated with increasing doses of red beetroot dye expressed lower levels of p53 and p21 by western blot analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that red beetroot dye may have significant potential as a chemopreventive or adjuvant treatment for SCCHN. Citation Format: Daniel Lew, Kay Wrege, Gary Stoner, Jonathan M. Bock. Red beetroot dye inhibits proliferation in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2267A. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2267A
A New and Simple Questionnaire to Identify People at Increased Risk for Undiagnosed Diabetes
Authors: William H Herman, Philip J Smith, Theodore J Thompson, Michael M Engelgau, Ronald E Aubert
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To develop a simple questionnaire to prospectively identify individuals at increased risk for undiagnosed diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS People with newly diagnosed diabetes (n = 164) identified in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and those with neither newly diagnosed diabetes nor a history of physician-diagnosed diabetes (n = 3,220) were studied. Major historical risk factors for undiagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes were defined, and classification trees were developed to identify people at higher risk for previously undiagnosed diabetes. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the classification trees were described and compared with those of an existing questionnaire. RESULTS The selected classification tree incorporated age, sex, history of delivery of a macrosomic infant, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of diabetes. In a representative sample of the U.S. population, the sensitivity of the tree was 79%, the specificity was 65%, and the predictive value positive was 10%. CONCLUSIONS This classification tree performed significantly better than an existing questionnaire and should serve as a simple, noninvasive, and potentially cost-effective tool for diagnosing diabetes in the U.S.
EXPERIMENTAL UNION OF THE URETER AFTER TRANSVERSE DIVISION.
Authors: WELLER VAN HOOK
Journal: JAMA (1893)

[<i>Preliminary Contribution</i>.] Hitherto experimental surgery has not supplied the practitioner with a method by which the continuity of the ureter, when completely divided by transverse injury, could be restored. The brilliant case reported recently in full by Kuester, in which the upper end of the ureter—the infundibuliform portion—was excised to relieve obstruction, has been exceeded in ingenuity of conception by the work of Prof. Christian Fenger, in two cases reported at the meeting of the Chicago Medical Society held February 6, 1893. But these cases offer no suggestions to aid in the effort to unite the ends of the transversely divided ureter when that injury occurs below the infundibulum. The experiments of Th. Tuffier, who endeavored to accomplish this object by the application of sutures, are discouraging in the extreme. For even when union took place, the resulting scar contraction of course obliterated the lumen of the duct. To obviate
Medical Management of Ocular Disease
Authors: Herbert E. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Edited by one of the pioneers in ocular corticosteroid therapy, this is a herculean effort by 18 authors to cover all aspects of diagnosis and medical management of ocular disease as well as the indications for surgery. In this compendium some chapters are extremely sketchy and little more than lists. Most, however, represent thorough and authoritative interpretations of important, difficultto-manage conditions. As might be expected, some conditions are slighted and others are considered several times. In general, however, an attempt is made to correlate material between chapters and to present a generally unified coverage with little conflict and only occasional overlap. Background references for many opinions are not considered in detail because of the extensive scope of the material covered in the book, but most chapters are good expositions by authors of maturity and experience who indicate the methods they prefer for the management of ocular disease. The book is
EXPERIMENTS ON VENOUS BLOOD PRESSURE AND ITS RELATIONS TO ARTERIAL PRESSURE IN MAN.
Authors: HENRY SEWALL
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The use of artificial schemata for teaching the mechanical principles of the circulation is properly considered one of the most valuable of our laboratory methods. As arterial pressure—the driving force of the blood— is a function of three variables, the output of the pump, vascular elasticity and peripheral resistance, when these factors are known, the calculation of the blood velocity and blood pressure in any part of the vascular circuit would appear to be a matter of gratifying simplicity. But when we study the hemodynamics of the living animal, especially when in clinical work the vascular apparatus departs more or less from normal, deductions made from principles established by the use of artificial machines will lead us far astray from the truth. The error involved is not in the teachings of the schema as a schema, but in our poor logic in trying to measure the workings of a very
Liver heparan sulfate proteoglycans: Old molecules provide new insights on lipoprotein metabolism
Authors: Víctor Cortés, Attilio Rigotti, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

We examined the role of hepatic heparan sulfate in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism by inactivating the biosynthetic gene GlcNAc N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 1 (Ndst1) in hepatocytes using the Cre-loxP system, which resulted in an approximately 50% reduction in sulfation of liver heparan sulfate. Mice were viable and healthy, but they accumulated triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles containing apoB-100, apoB-48, apoE, and apoCI-IV. Compounding the mutation with LDL receptor deficiency caused enhanced accumulation of both cholesterol- and triglyceride-rich particles compared with mice lacking only LDL receptors, suggesting that heparan sulfate participates in the clearance of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins as well. Mutant mice synthesized VLDL normally but showed reduced plasma clearance of human VLDL and a corresponding reduction in hepatic VLDL uptake. Retinyl ester excursion studies revealed that clearance of intestinally derived lipoproteins also depended on hepatocyte heparan sulfate. These findings show that under normal physiological conditions, hepatic heparan sulfate proteoglycans play a crucial role in the clearance of both intestinally derived and hepatic lipoprotein particles.
The prediction of drug metabolism using scaffold-mediated enhancement of the induced cytochrome P450 activities in fibroblasts by hepatic transcriptional regulators
Authors: Tsai-Shin Chiang, Kai-Chiang Yang, Shu-Kai Zheng, Ling-Ling Chiou, Wen-Ming Hsu, Feng-Huei Lin, Guan-Tarn Huang, Hsuan-Shu Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Telomerase targeting by retinoids in cells from patients with myeloid leukemias of various subtypes, not only APL
Authors: F Pendino, J Hillion, C Dudognon, J Delaunay, S Mourah, M-P Podgorniak, I Lafon, C Chomienne, M Lanotte, H Dombret, P Rousselot, E Ségal-Bendirdjian
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Influence of the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Diabetic Clinical Alert on Practice Patterns
Authors: Darren K. McGuire, Kevin J. Anstrom, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— In 1995, the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) found that patients with diabetes had a survival benefit when treated with surgical revascularization versus balloon angioplasty, prompting a National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) “Clinical Alert.” The influence of the BARI findings and of the Clinical Alert on practice patterns is unknown. Methods and Results— The practice patterns of coronary revascularization among patients with diabetes and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) were analyzed using data collected in 1994 to 1997 from 13 centers participating in the National Cardiovascular Network. The study population included patients with diabetes and multivessel CAD who underwent elective coronary revascularization (n=9619). Over the 4 years of the study, the Clinical Alert had no significant impact on the proportion of diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous revascularization (28.6% before versus 26.8% after the Clinical Alert; P =0.06). Among individual hospitals, the probability of diabetic patients receiving percutaneous revascularization varied by &gt;13-fold (4.3% to 56.6%). Adjusting for clinical factors and the BARI Clinical Alert did not alter this variability. Among the investigators surveyed, although 91% were aware of the Clinical Alert and 76% felt the findings were valid, &gt;50% felt the Clinical Alert had limited or no impact on their personal or institution’s care patterns. Conclusions— Limited consensus exists regarding the most appropriate method of revascularization for diabetic patients with multivessel CAD. The results from a large, randomized, clinical trial and subsequent Clinical Alert had no measurable impact on this practice variability.
Oral Acyclovir for Treatment and Suppression of Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
Authors: Mary E. Guinan
Journal: JAMA (1986)

ACYCLOVIR is the only antiviral agent shown to be effective for the treatment of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Effective therapy for this disease, however, has a different meaning from that for other sexually transmitted diseases. When we speak of effective therapy for gonorrhea, we mean that therapy cures the disease. The presence of gonorrhea in a patient is an indication for treatment. A clinician cannot ethically choose not to treat a patient with gonorrhea. Likewise, the patient with gonorrhea cannot refuse treatment. Public health regulations usually require that patients with gonorrhea be treated, not only to prevent further damage in the patient but to prevent transmission of disease. In contrast, the presence of genital herpes infection is not necessarily an indication for acyclovir treatment. Public health regulations do not require either the clinician to prescribe or the patient with genital herpes to accept therapy. We must evaluate the
Homer W. Smith: The humanist
Authors: Saul J. Färber
Journal: Kidney International (1996)

I came to these rocky shores of Maine from my native Brooklyn in the summer of 1938 before I entered medical school at New York University (NYU). It was here that I met Homer Smith, Jim Shannon and Robert Pitts. I worked in the laboratory of Homer Smith the entire summer on the excretion of phenol red by the dogfish and on the daddy sculpin, which has glomeruli when young and becomes aglomerular in adulthood, and therefore filters inulin when young and does not in adulthood. I had to fish for the sculpins and from time to time I hoped there were easier ways to catch the fish. It was an exciting and productive two months and a time when I made wonderful friends and became a colleague of Shannon and Pitts. I was sent here by my uncle Joe Bunim, who worked in the Department of Physiology after his fellowship at Yale and before he joined the faculty of the Department of Medicine at NYU. He was my big brother, who carefully and with wisdom, guided me through my years until he died at an early age in 1964. Smith and Shannon were Joe's idols. Shannon became my mentor. I worked with Shannon summers and during my school years. But always, Smith was the overseer and the constant source of stimulation and provider of knowledge. He was always at NYU, whereas Shannon and Pitts left NYU and continued their highly productive lives in other institutions, Shannon at NIH and Pitts at Syracuse and Cornell. I guess that, in this august group of scientists who came to celebrate Smith's 100th birthday, I was invited because I had known Homer Smith longer than anybody else. I met Homer 57 years ago when he was 43 years old and had been Chairman of the Department of Physiology at NYU for a good number of years and received worldwide acclaim as a scientist, author, philosopher and scholar. He was a very humble man who was constantly in pursuit of knowledge, always thinking constructively and analytically. He always seemed to be in deep thought. Here in Maine, during the summer months at Salsbuiy Cove, he was at home or in the lab always reading or writing. While in the labs he was looking over and studying data, or planning and suggesting experiments. At sunset almost every day, weather permitting, he would sit by himself close to the beach and watch the beautiful sunset and sit and think. He was never disturbed by anybody. When we in the lab were invited to his home we were most welcomed. He alone prepared and served the food. After we discussed the latest published books, especially novels, he frequently played the piano. He was a master at the piano. His insights into whatever was discussed were unique and extraordinary. None of the people in the room could match his scholarship.
Emotional exhaustion and stress in doctors are linked
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Emotional exhaustion and stress have been found to be directly associated in the results of a longitudinal study of UK doctors published last week ( Lancet 2002;359:2089-90).

The study was designed to assess the causal relation between stress and burnout in doctors, based on the recognition that these linked problems are common in healthcare professionals.

One of the research team, Professor Chris McManus, professor of psychology and medical education, University College London, explained: “Despite being common in health workers—15-20% of UK doctors show significant stress—the development and causal relations of burnout and stress are …
Yellow coronary plaques observed with angioscopy are closely related to increased plasma levels of triglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins
Authors: Nobuhiko Kondo, Yasunori ueda, Tosiya Kurotobi, Masahiko Shimizu, Tomohito Otani, Atsushi Hirayama, Kazuhisa Kodama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
A third of world's tuberculosis cases remain undetected, says WHO
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Although the global burden of tuberculosis is slowly falling, more intense efforts are needed to save an estimated five million lives between 2011 and 2015, a World Health Organization report says.

Efforts to plan, finance, and implement the Stop TB strategy need to be scaled up, says the report. For the strategy to be effective, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis need to be expanded, more care providers need to be engaged in control of the disease, and surveillance of its incidence, prevalence, and mortality needs to be strengthened.

The latest WHO data show that between 1995 …
Preventing perinatal infections
Authors: G J. Hofmeyr, J. McIntyre
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Recent research has highlighted several promising interventions to reduce perinatal infections. Unfortunately, many of these interventions are unaffordable for or inaccessible to women in developing countries, who bear the brunt of these infections, particularly the HIV epidemic. Limiting factors are the cost of the intervention, the cost or availability of diagnostic tests on which some interventions depend, and women's access to health services, particularly before the start of labour. Cost effective alternatives are needed.

Of major concern is the need for methods to reduce perinatal transmission of HIV. Treatment of mother and neonate with zidovudine was effective in one small randomised trial1 and has become the standard of care in many developed countries. Combination antiretroviral therapy is yet to be assessed in this situation. These treatments are unaffordable for most women in developing countries. Short course antiretroviral therapy is being investigated in several trials and, if shown to be effective, may offer a compromise.

Data from …
Immune Thrombocytopenia Associated with Carcinoma
Authors: JACK D. BELLONE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Both platelet-associated IgG and IgM were quantitatively determined before and after therapy for immune thrombocytopenia in three patients with a recent diagnosis of carcinoma. In one patient, the platelet-associated IgG normalized and the platelet-associated IgM improved after the thrombocytopenia resolved after treatment with steroids, a splenectomy, and a brief course of chemotherapy. In the second patient, the thrombocytopenia improved during treatment with steroids; after further treatment with steroids and chemotherapy, the platelet-associated IgG and IgM decreased. In a third patient who received no specific therapy, the platelet-associated IgG and IgM increased as the tumor progressed. Quantitation of platelet-associated IgG and IgM appears useful in determining which patients with thrombocytopenia and cancer may respond to therapy for immune thrombocytopenia. Patients who respond may then benefit from specific therapy against the primary malignancy.
Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Aids. Edited by Scott L. Friedman, 202 pp. Philadelphia: Wb Saunders, 1988. $28.00
Authors: Rowen K. Zetterman
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

HepatologyVolume 11, Issue 2 p. 331-331 Book ReviewFree Access Gastrointestinal manifestations of AIDS. Edited by Scott L. Friedman, 202 pp. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1988. $28.00 Rowen K. Zetterman M.D., Rowen K. Zetterman M.D. University of Nebraska, Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska 68105–1065Search for more papers by this author Rowen K. Zetterman M.D., Rowen K. Zetterman M.D. University of Nebraska, Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska 68105–1065Search for more papers by this author First published: February 1990 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840110232AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume11, Issue2February 1990Pages 331-331 RelatedInformation
Hypoglycemia Unawareness in IDDM
Authors: Philip E Cryer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To assess the characteristics of patients with hypoglycemia unawareness (development of neuroglycopenia without appropriate prior autonomic warning symptoms) and its predisposing factors.We studied 43 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients who were objectively categorized as having or not having hypoglycemia using the stepped hypoglycemic clamp technique in which plasma glucose was clamped at plateaus of 4.3, 3.6, 3.0, and 2.3 mmol/l and a statistical criterion (onset of autonomic warning symptoms at a plasma glucose concentration 2 SD below normal) and examined their clinical characteristics and hormonal, symptomatic, and cognitive responses.Eleven (26%) of the patients were classified as having hypoglycemia unawareness. Compared with the other patients, unaware patients had a lower HbA1c level (P < 0.01), a longer duration of diabetes (P < 0.01), and a history of more severe hypoglycemia (P < 0.003). During experimental hypoglycemia, counterregulatory hormone responses, neuroglycopenic symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction all began at lower plasma glucose concentrations in unaware patients (P < 0.01, 0.03, and 0.01, respectively). Moreover, although the magnitudes of their plasma catecholamine responses and autonomic symptoms were reduced (both, P < 0.01), the plasma catecholamine levels at which autonomic symptoms began was not altered. Finally, as seen from glucose infusion rates necessary to maintain identical plasma glucose levels, patients with hypoglycemia unawareness had increased sensitivity to insulin (P < 0.001).Our results confirm an association between hypoglycemia unawareness and duration of diabetes, glycemic control, and occurrence of severe hypoglycemia, and in addition provide evidence that both autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms are affected and that insulin sensitivity is increased, but beta-adrenergic sensitivity is not diminished.