tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Broadening the Approach to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Consequences of Trauma
Authors: David J. Kearney, Tracy L. Simpson
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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Chemotherapy of drug-resistant ovarian cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.
Authors: L R Laufman, J B Green, D S Alberts, R O'Toole, R D Hilgers, D C Young, F Lin, S E Rivkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

We present a final analysis, including pathology review, of a cooperative group study of drug-resistant ovarian cancer. Of 200 patients registered, 112 were eligible and evaluable, with a response rate of 26% and median survival of 7 months. Because these results are poorer than those reported in the preliminary and interim analyses of this study, we scrutinized the 88 excluded patients, most of whom failed to meet our strict pathologic criteria for a diagnosis of ovarian cancer of epithelial type, and who, as a heterogeneous group, fared better than patients who did meet the eligibility criteria. We believe this analysis provides insight into the spectrum of diseases that are frequently called ovarian cancer, but might be more properly labeled abdominal carcinomatosis.
Protracted intravenous fluorouracil infusion with radiation therapy in the management of localized pancreaticobiliary carcinoma: a phase I Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial.
Authors: R Whittington, D Neuberg, W J Tester, A B Benson, D G Haller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of fluorouracil (5-FU) administered as a protracted intravenous (IV) infusion with concurrent radiation in patients with pancreaticobiliary carcinoma. METHODS Twenty-five patients with recurrent, residual, or unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas or biliary tract were treated on a phase I trial of protracted IV infusions of 5-FU, beginning at 200 mg/m2/d, concurrent with radiation therapy (59.4 Gy in 33 fractions over 6 to 7 weeks). Chemotherapy began on the first day of radiation and continued through the entire course of treatment. After each cohort of five patients had been treated and observed, the daily dose was escalated in 25-mg/m2 increments until dose-limiting toxicity was encountered. An additional cohort of five patients was treated at the MTD. Clinical examination and computed tomography (CT) were used to evaluate response and patterns of progression. RESULTS The MTD of 5-FU was 250 mg/m2/d. The dose-limiting toxicity was oral mucositis. The median survival duration of all patients treated was 11.9 months and the 2-year survival rate was 19%. Eleven of 25 patients remain free of local progression and four patients are without evidence of progression at 18+, 18+, 34+, and 44+ months following treatment. CONCLUSION Concurrent radiation with protracted 5-FU infusion at 250 mg/m2/d is well tolerated and shows evidence of activity against tumors of the pancreas and biliary system.
Indeterminate IGRA results in routine practice
Authors: Peter Kewin, Teresa Inkster, Brian Choo-Kang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Interferon γ release assays (IGRAs) are used in the diagnosis of latent TB, but up to 6.1% yield an indeterminate test result (ITR; Diel Chest 2009). IGRAs are not currently used for diagnosis of active TB (Sester ERJ 2011). We determined the indications for T-Spot.TB and frequency of ITRs in our routine practice.

Methods: Patient records were reviewed for all T-Spot.TB tests performed in Glasgow (May 07 - June 08). Data was collected on patient demographics, clinical assessment, reasons for request and final diagnosis.

Results: T-Spot.TB was performed on 303 patients (see table 1). The rate of ITRs on first testing was 55/303 (18.2%). Almost half were performed for active TB (45%), and symptoms suggestive of active TB increased the likelihood of ITRs. Frequency of ITRs varied between hospital (2-34%) and specialty (0-40%) (data not shown). Female sex, Asian race, ex or non-smoking status, excess alcohol and age >75 favoured an ITR. Immunosuppressive drugs had no effect, although patients with ITR had a slightly lower lymphocyte count. Of the 26 tests repeated, 14 were negative, 6 positive and 6 ITR. Overall 35/303 (11.5%) of patients had an ITR. On follow up 31/35 had no TB, and 4/35 latent, presumed clinical or confirmed TB.

![Figure][1] 



Conclusions: ITRs were more common than in other studies, and may be influenced by patient factors and system failures. Inappropriate testing was common and may be minimised by further educating staff requesting and performing tests.

 [1]: pending:yes
Clinical and neuropsychological comparison of psychotic depression with nonpsychotic depression and schizophrenia
Authors: D V Jeste, S C Heaton, J S Paulsen, L Ercoli, J Harris, R K Heaton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

This study compared the clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of patients with psychotic depression to those of patients with nonpsychotic depression and patients with schizophrenia.Two hundred eighteen patients over the age of 45, including 30 who met the DSM-III-R criteria for unipolar major depression with psychotic features, 28 with nonpsychotic unipolar major depression, and 160 with schizophrenia, were examined. Subjects were evaluated on several clinical measures as well as on neuropsychological tests of attention, learning, memory (retention), psychomotor speed, and motor skills.The three groups were comparable in age and education. The severity of depressive symptoms in the depressed patients with and without psychosis was similar. The patients with psychotic depression were comparable to those with schizophrenia on the neuropsychological measures; they were more impaired than the patients with nonpsychotic depression on the measures of psychomotor speed, motor skills, attention, and learning. The cognitive deficits seemed to be trait-related.The findings provide additional support for the validity of psychotic depression as a diagnostic category distinct from nonpsychotic depression.
Every-other week capecitabine (C7) combinations: An active and well tolerated treatment in heavily pretreated patients (p) with advanced solid tumours
Authors: J. Chacon, L. López, T. Quintanar, G. Rubio, M. Blanca, J. Andrade, I. Carbonero, C. G Esteban, M. A. Cruz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

10649 Background: Standard C schedule is 14 days every 3 w (C14). However, data have shown that C7 schedule is as effective as and significantly less toxic than C14. The objective is to evaluate retrospectively the response rate and toxicity of C7 as single agent or in combination in heavily pretreated p with advanced solid tumours. Methods: p with advanced solid tumour, age ≤ 75 years, ECOG PS &lt;2 and adequate bone marrow, renal and hepatic functions were analyzed. p received C7: 1250 mg/m 2 /12 h x 7 days every-other week. The combination drugs doses were adjusted to be used days 1 and 15. Cycles every 28 days. Response was evaluated every 3 cycles according to RECIST criteria Results: 20 p received C7. Cancer type: 11 breast (BC), 7 colo-rectal (CRC), 1 H&amp;N and 1 gastric (GC). Median age 56 y (33–75). M/F: 8p/12p. ECOG 0/1: 39%/61%. 19 p stage IV and 1 (H&amp;N) stage III. The most frequent metastatic site was liver 42.2%. 90% p had been heavily pretreated with chemotherapy (CT): 55% p had received ≥ 2 CT lines. 15% p had been treated with taxanes, 45% p taxanes + anthracyclines, 10% p 5-FU, 15% p oxaliplatin (Oxa) and/or raltritexed. 2 BC p had also received herceptin (Her) and 2 p (1BC/1CRC) had been previously treated with C14. Median nº cycles: 6 (1–19). C7 combinations were: 5/7 CRC p Oxa or CPT-11 and 11/11 BC p docetaxel (1p) or gemcitabine (1 p) or carboplatin (9 p) ± Her. 4 p received C7 alone. Toxicity (20 p). Grade I/II: HFS 55%, diarrhoea 25%, nausea/vomiting 15%, mucositis 5%, skin 5% and parestesias 5%. Grade III/IV: diarrhoea in 2 p (1CRC and 1 BC). Response (20 p): 2 CR (10%) both CRC p; 6 PR (30%) 5 BC p and 1 CRC p; 4 SD (20%) and 8 PD (40%). 40% ORR rate and 60% TGC. Median response duration: 37 w (22–44 w). 2 p who achieved CR received C7 combined with CPT-11. C7 combination in p with PR were Oxa (1 CRC p) and carboplatin ± Her (5 BC p). Conclusions: C7 schedule is an active regimen in patients with advanced CRC and BC heavily pretreated with CT and it shows a very favourable toxicity profile. These results warrant a phase II trial of carboplatin-C7 in MBC as front line therapy that will by lauched by Feb-2006. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with coils (BLVR-Coils) for treatment of patients with severe heterogeneous emphysema and bilaterally incomplete fissures. Its effectiveness in everyday endoscopic practice
Authors: Konstantina Kontogianni, Daniela Gompelmann, Maren Schuhmann, Michael Puderbach, Claus P. Heußel, Felix J.F. Herth, Ralf Eberhardt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

In severe heterogeneous emphysema, Coils (PneumRx), for endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) can improve patients9 symptoms, well-being and pulmonary function tests (PFT9s). Success of the intervention is thought to be independent of collateral ventilation.  Objectives:  Retrospective analysis to establish weather unilateral ELVR using Coils is effective and safe in patients with incomplete fissures in daily endoscopic routine.  Methods:  All patients who received Coil treatment in Thoraxklinik within 2012 are included. Coils have been implanted unilaterally, either in the upper or in the lower lobe. Patients were analyzed at 30 and 90 days after treatment. Endpoints are the changes in pulmonary function tests (PFT9s), 6-Minute-Walk-Test (6MWT) as well as in modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale. Secondary endpoint is safety.  Results:  Data from 23 out of 25 patients were available and consistent for retrospective analysis. At 30 days PFT9s improved significantly (FEV1 +10.1 %, RV -10.4 %). Clinically important improvements were also seen in 6MWT (+40.5 m), as well as in mMRC(-0.5)  Placement of Coils was safe, no technical problems were experienced. 2 patients suffered from pneumothorax and 5 patients from transient postinterventional haemoptysis. No mortality was observed. 90 days9 data will be presented at the congress.  Conclusion:  Unilateral Coil placement for ELVR in everyday endoscopic practice is effective with an acceptable safety profile. Significant improvements in PFT9s, 6MWT and mMRC can be observed in patients with severe emphysema and incomplete fissures.
Boronate–Phenolic Network Capsules with Dual Response to Acidic pH and <i>cis</i>‐Diols
Authors: Junling Guo, Huanli Sun, Karen Alt, Blaise L. Tardy, Joseph J. Richardson, Tomoya Suma, Hirotaka Ejima, Jiwei Cui, Christoph E. Hagemeyer, Frank Caruso
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Dual-responsive boronate–phenolic network (BPN) capsules are fabricated by the complexation of phenylborate and phenolic materials. The BPN capsules are stable in the presence of competing carbohydrates, but dissociate at acidic pH or in the presence of competing cis-diols at physiological pH. This engineered capsule system provides a platform for a wide range of biological and biomedical applications. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A phase II study of recombinant alpha interferon in patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: H B Muss, R A Kempf, S Martino, S A Rudnick, J Greiner, M R Cooper, D Decker, S M Grunberg, D V Jackson, F Richards
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Thirty-three patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with a recombinant alpha interferon (rIFN-alpha 2). All patients were ambulatory (performance status greater than or equal to 50 Karnofsky scale) and almost all had received previous chemotherapy. Large intravenous dosages of 30 to 50 X 10(6) IU/m2 were given for five consecutive days every two to three weeks to 22 patients and smaller subcutaneous dosage of 2 X 10(6) IU/m2 three times a week to 11 patients. No complete or partial responses were seen. Two patients had stable disease and the remainder progressed. Flu-like syndromes were seen in all patients. Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia were frequent. Hypotension and confusion were noted in six and five patients, respectively. Life-threatening leukopenia was noted in two patients receiving intravenous dosage and thrombocytopenia was noted in one; no sepsis or bleeding complications were noted. In this study, a highly purified and biologically active rIFN-alpha 2 was not associated with activity in previously treated women with metastatic breast cancer.
T cells are functionally not impaired in AML: increased PD-1 expression is only seen at time of relapse and correlates with a shift towards the memory T cell compartment
Authors: Frauke M. Schnorfeil, Felix S. Lichtenegger, Katharina Emmerig, Miriam Schlueter, Julia S. Neitz, Rika Draenert, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Marion Subklewe
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

T cell function is crucial for the success of several novel immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, changes in phenotype and function of T cells have been described in various hematologic malignancies, mimicking T cell exhaustion known from chronic viral infections. Detailed knowledge about phenotype and function of T cells in AML patients at different stages of the disease is indispensable for optimal development and application of immunotherapeutic strategies for this disease. We used flow cytometry-based assays to characterize T cell phenotype and function in peripheral blood and bone marrow of AML patients at diagnosis, at relapse after intensive chemotherapy, and at relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Surface expression of CD244, PD-1, CD160, and TIM-3 was determined, and proliferation and production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 were measured. We detected similar expression of inhibitory molecules on T cells from patients at diagnosis and from age-matched healthy controls. At relapse after SCT, however, PD-1 expression was significantly increased compared to diagnosis, both on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This pattern was not associated with age and cytomegalovirus (CMV) status but with a shift towards effector memory cells in relapsed AML patients. Proliferation and cytokine production assays did not reveal functional defects in T cells of AML patients, neither at diagnosis nor at relapse. We thus conclude that T cell exhaustion does not play a major role in AML. Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting autologous T cells thus have particularly good prospects in the setting of AML.
Factors influencing success of clinical genome sequencing across a broad spectrum of disorders
Authors: Jenny C Taylor, Hilary C Martin, Stefano Lise, John Broxholme, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, Andy Rimmer, Alexander Kanapin, Gerton Lunter, Simon Fiddy, Chris Allan, A Radu Aricescu, Moustafa Attar, Christian Babbs, Jennifer Becq, David Beeson, Celeste Bento, Patricia Bignell, Edward Blair, Veronica J Buckle, Katherine Bull, Ondrej Cais, Holger Cario, Helen Chapel, Richard R Copley, Richard Cornall, Jude Craft, Karin Dahan, Emma E Davenport, Calliope Dendrou, Olivier Devuyst, Aimée L Fenwick, Jonathan Flint, Lars Fugger, Rodney D Gilbert, Anne Goriely, Angie Green, Ingo H Greger, Russell Grocock, Anja V Gruszczyk, Robert Hastings, Edouard Hatton, Doug Higgs, Adrian Hill, Chris Holmes, Malcolm Howard, Linda Hughes, Peter Humburg, David Johnson, Fredrik Karpe, Zoya Kingsbury, Usha Kini, Julian C Knight, Jonathan Krohn, Sarah Lamble, Craig Langman, Lorne Lonie, Joshua Luck, Davis McCarthy, Simon J McGowan, Mary Frances McMullin, Kerry A Miller, Lisa Murray, Andrea H Németh, M Andrew Nesbit, David Nutt, Elizabeth Ormondroyd, Annette Bang Oturai, Alistair Pagnamenta, Smita Y Patel, Melanie Percy, Nayia Petousi, Paolo Piazza, Sian E Piret, Guadalupe Polanco-Echeverry, Niko Popitsch, Fiona Powrie, Chris Pugh, Lynn Quek, Peter A Robbins, Kathryn Robson, Alexandra Russo, Natasha Sahgal, Pauline A van Schouwenburg, Anna Schuh, Earl Silverman, Alison Simmons, Per Soelberg Sørensen, Elizabeth Sweeney, John Taylor, Rajesh V Thakker, Ian Tomlinson, Amy Trebes, Stephen R F Twigg, Holm H Uhlig, Paresh Vyas, Tim Vyse, Steven A Wall, Hugh Watkins, Michael P Whyte, Lorna Witty, Ben Wright, Chris Yau, David Buck, Sean Humphray, Peter J Ratcliffe, John I Bell, Andrew O M Wilkie, David Bentley, Peter Donnelly, Gilean McVean
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Effect of estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement regimens on mammographic breast parenchymal density.
Authors: I Persson, E Thurfjell, L Holmberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase the mammographic density with a possible reduction in the sensitivity or specificity. If so, the benefit of mammographic screening in women using HRT could be compromised. We evaluated the hypothesis that HRT regimens have differential effects on the mammographic density depending on treatment regimens or on age. PATIENTS AND METHODS Among 31,498 Swedish women who received mammographic screening, we selected 554 women who started HRT after the first examination and who were current users at the second, and 554 age-matched women who had never received HRT. Mammograms were examined in a blinded review. The changes in density between the two examinations, graded as moderate or weak reduction, no change, or weak, moderate, or substantial increase, were assessed. We studied four HRT regimens-estradiol compounds only, estradiol compounds cyclically or continuously combined with progestins, and weak estrogens-and used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to analyze the association between HRT and density change. RESULTS Density increased in 10% and 28% of women who received estradiol compounds with cyclically or continuously combined progestins, respectively, but in only 3% of unexposed women. Logistic regression analyses showed an elevated risk of a density increase (relative risk [RR] = 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 7.7) in women who received cyclically combined regimens or continuously combined regimens (RR = 12.4; 95% CI, 6.3 to 24.4) compared with unexposed women. Women &gt; or = 50 years of age had even stronger associations; RRs in women on estradiol only, the cyclically combined and the continuously combined regimens were 32.2 (95% CI, 3.9 to 267.5), 21.9 (95% CI, 1.9 to 251.5), and 176.9 (95% CI, 22.8 to 1,372.7), respectively. CONCLUSION HRT with estradiol-progestin regimens, especially continuously combined, may increase the mammographic density in a substantial proportion of women.
Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma with a new alpha-fetoprotein antibody imaging kit.
Authors: S Dresel, C M Kirsch, K Tatsch, R Zachoval, K Hahn, D M Goldenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE The aim of this phase II study was to assess the clinical utility and safety of AFP-Scan (Immunomedics, Inc, Morris Plains, NJ), a technetium-99m (99mTc)-labeled anti-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Fab' imaging kit, in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in comparison to computed tomography (CT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five consecutive patients with a history of HCC were examined by planar and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging at 6 and 24 hours after intravenous (I.V.) injection of 1 mg AFP-Scan labeled with 925 MBq 99mTc. RESULTS In 20 patients, there was a specific binding of the Fab' antibody to the tumor, whereas in four patients who presented with elevated serum AFP levels, no specific targeting was found and no malignant lesions were evident by CT or biopsy. One patient was diagnosed as false-negative by AFP-Scan. In five of six patients with normal serum AFP levels, focal uptake was demonstrated. In one case, metastatic disease in the lower abdomen was found. In all patients, diagnostically relevant information was provided by the 24-hour antibody images, especially with SPECT. Comparing AFP-Scan versus CT, the former showed a higher sensitivity (95% v 63%) and specificity (67% v 17%), with an overall accuracy of 88% versus 52% for AFP-Scan versus CT, even in patients with normal serum AFP titers. No adverse reactions or human antimouse antibody (HAMA) elevations were found in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS AFP-Scan appears to be a promising new antibody imaging kit for the disclosure of sites of HCC and should aid in the management of these patients by revealing primary, recurrent, and metastatic disease with a single imaging modality.
A systematic review of cost-effectiveness and quality derived from models evaluating smoking cessation interventions in patients with COPD
Authors: Florian Kirsch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  COPD is a chronic condition with severe consequences causing annual societal costs of over €3,000 per patient in Germany. It is strongly related to smoking, 85% up to 90% of COPD deaths are caused by smoking. The only management strategy to slow down the progression of COPD and to reduce the frequency of exacerbations is to quit smoking.   Aim:  The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in patients with COPD and to assess the quality of the economic models.   Methods:  A systematic literature search was conducted on 28 th  October 2013. The databases Pubmed, Embase, Business Source Complete, EconLit and WISO were screened for economic models evaluating smoking cessation interventions in patients with COPD. Afterwards costs of included models were inflated and data were extracted. Differences in results were interpreted considering the model quality, which was evaluated with help of a quality appraisal by Philips et al. (2006).   Results:  Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and the results for the interventions range from cost savings to additional costs of €19,427 per QALY (quality adjusted life year). It is not clear whether highly intense smoking cessation interventions (intensive counselling plus pharmacotherapy) should be favoured over less intense smoking cessation interventions (e.g. minimal counselling). With regard to the quality of the models it can be said that new models seem to be of higher quality.   Conclusion:  Regarding these results, some countries should rethink the exclusion of smoking cessation interventions for COPD patients from reimbursement.