tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interferon ? induces disorder of lipid metabolism by lowering postheparin lipases and cholesteryl ester transfer protein activities in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: E Shinohara, S Yamashita, S Kihara, K Hirano, M Ishigami, T Arai, S Nozaki, K Kameda-Takemura, S Kawata, Y Matsuzawa
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The effect of recombinant interferon α 2a (rIFN-α 2a ) on serum lipoprotein metabolism was assessed in 39 patients with chronic viral hepatitis C. rIFN-α 2a was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 9 x 10 6 U/d for 2 weeks and then for 3 times a week over 6 months. The serum cholesterol concentration significantly decreased one week after rIFN-α; 2a administration. Approximately 67% of this decrease was attributed to the reduction of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol; a decrease in HDL2-cholesterol was more evident. By contrast, serum triglyceride levels, largely derived from very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), significantly increased following rIFN-α 2a treatment. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) activities in the postheparin plasma were reduced by 75.7% and by 79.4%, respectively, and decreases in plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity and its protein mass were also observed. However, prothrombin time was ameliorated by rIFN-α 2a , suggesting that the decrease in LPL, HTGL, and CETP activities may not be due to a reduction in protein synthesis by the liver. Simple correlation analysis demonstrated that the changes in LPL activity before and after 2 weeks of treatment with rIFN-α 2a showed a significant negative correlation with changes in serum triglyceride and VLDL-triglyceride and a positive correlation with changes in HDL-cholesterol and HDL2-cholesterol. These results suggest a major contribution of reduced LPL activity with regard to the lipoprotein disorders. In conclusion, rIFN-α 2a treatment on patients with chronic hepatitis C causes marked changes in serum lipoprotein metabolism associated with decreases in LPL, HTGL, and CETP activities.
Who Misses the Cancers at Colonoscopy? Reply to Fracasso et al.
Authors: F. Frizelle, M. Barclay
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

In our study of ”Reasons for failure to diagnose colorectal carcinoma at colonoscopy” [1], we found that there was a delayed diagnosis of colorectal cancer in 5.9 % of patients who underwent colonoscopy, potentially affecting their prognosis. Many of the delays were in fact system failures, in which further investigation was recommended but did not occur. We found that when a colonoscopy was not recognized as inadequate, a delay with a median duration of 10 months occurred.
Uranus attacks! Herschel's legacy
Authors: M. Petticrew
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The past few years have seen a resurgence of news stories and films with a “danger from outer space” theme. These ranged from last year's films Independence Day and Mars Attacks! to this year's spate of movies showing the earth threatened by approaching comets, and culminated in reports that the asteroid Toutatis was entering our solar system and threatening to do for us what the last one did for the dinosaurs. Fortunately it missed by three million miles, a close shave in astronomical terms.

Towards the end of the 18th century, …
The Social Context of Medicine
Authors: J. Charles
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Whatever possibility there might have been that "the iniquity of oblivion " should cast its cloak over the fame and memory of Ernest Rock Carling has been dispelled by the munificent creation of this commemorative Fellowship.Through it the record of his achievements and the stimulus of his manifold interests will acquire, as they have deserved, the " merit of perpetuity."It is my privilege as the inaugurating Fellow to pay tribute to Rock Carling, and to the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust through whose operations so many of his earlier ideals and latter-
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition ameliorates glomerular filtration of macromolecules and water and lessens glomerular injury in the rat.
Authors: A Remuzzi, S Puntorieri, C Battaglia, T Bertani, G Remuzzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The effect of enalapril on glomerular hemodynamics and permselectivity and on subsequent sclerosis was studied in male MWF/Ztm rats which spontaneously develop proteinuria and glomerular structural damage. Untreated group 1 and enalapril-treated group 2 (50 mg/liter, in the drinking water) underwent micropuncture studies after 2 mo of observation. After the same period of treatment, group 3 (untreated) and group 4 (enalapril treated) were used for determination of whole-kidney function and neutral dextran clearances. Group 5 (untreated) and group 6 (enalapril treated) were followed for an additional 4 mo and used for kidney function and morphological studies. Enalapril significantly lowered systolic blood pressure, which was elevated in untreated groups, and significantly reduced proteinuria (295 +/- 64 vs. 128 +/- 24 mg/24 h by the end of the study). Despite the reduced renal perfusion pressure, whole-kidney glomerular filtration rate was higher in enalapril-treated than in untreated rats (0.96 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.10 ml/min, P less than 0.05) as was the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (54 +/- 7.1 vs. 46 +/- 4.0 nl/min, P less than 0.05). The single glomerular afferent plasma flow was comparable in both groups. Enalapril reduced mean glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure from the normal value of 51 +/- 1 mmHg (untreated rats) to a value lower than normal (44 +/- 1 mmHg, P less than 0.001). These hemodynamic changes were associated with a significant reduction in afferent (approximately 23%) and efferent (approximately 26%) arteriolar resistance. The mean ultrafiltration coefficient was two times higher in the enalapril (0.126 +/- 0.027 nl/s per mmHg) than in the untreated group (0.061 +/- 0.023 nl/s per mmHg). The clearance of dextran macromolecules relative to that of inulin was significantly reduced for all molecular sizes studied (26-64 A) in enalapril-treated vs. untreated rats. Theoretical analysis of dextran fractional clearances using a heteroporous model of neutral solute transport across the glomerular capillary wall indicated that enalapril affected glomerular membrane size selective properties, reducing uniformly the radius of hypothetical membrane pores. Enalapril treatment also significantly limited (P less than 0.01) the development of glomerular structural lesions (mean percentage of sclerotic glomeruli was 4.2 +/- 3.5% [treated] vs. 28 +/- 15% [untreated] rats at the end of the study) as well as tubulo-interstitial damage. These results suggest that the protective effect of enalapril on the development of proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis in this model is due to its property of ameliorating size selectivity and hydraulic permeability of the glomerular capillaries.
First characterization of platelet secretion defect in patients with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3 (FHL-3)
Authors: Lea Nakamura, Anne Bertling, Martin F. Brodde, Udo zur Stadt, Ansgar S. Schulz, Sandra Ammann, Kirstin Sandrock-Lang, Karin Beutel, Barbara Zieger, Beate E. Kehrel
Journal: Blood (2015)
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is present on human hepatocytes and has a direct role in decreasing hepatic steatosis in vitro by modulating elements of the insulin signaling pathway
Authors: Nitika Arora Gupta, Jamie Mells, Richard M. Dunham, Arash Grakoui, Jeffrey Handy, Neeraj Kumar Saxena, Frank A. Anania
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a naturally occurring peptide secreted by the L cells of the small intestine. GLP-1 functions as an incretin and stimulates glucose-mediated insulin production by pancreatic β cells. In this study, we demonstrate that exendin-4/GLP-1 has a cognate receptor on human hepatocytes and that exendin-4 has a direct effect on the reduction of hepatic steatosis in the absence of insulin. Both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP/R) messenger RNA and protein were detected on primary human hepatocytes, and receptor was internalized in the presence of GLP-1. Exendin-4 increased the phosphorylation of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1), AKT, and protein kinase C ζ (PKC-ζ) in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Small interfering RNA against GLP-1R abolished the effects on PDK-1 and PKC-ζ. Treatment with exendin-4 quantitatively reduced triglyceride stores compared with control-treated cells. Conclusion: This is the first report that the G protein–coupled receptor GLP-1R is present on human hepatocytes. Furthermore, it appears that exendin-4 has the same beneficial effects in vitro as those seen in our previously published in vivo study in ob/ob mice, directly reducing hepatocyte steatosis. Future use for human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, either in combination with dietary manipulation or other pharmacotherapy, may be a significant advance in treatment of this common form of liver disease. (Hepatology 2010)
Gender Offender! Will the Epicene Yet Save JAMA?
Authors: Patricia Lorimer-Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —The editorial policy of JAMA still seems to permit authors to use the nongeneric masculine pronoun as a  term although JAMA 's own Manual for Authors & Editors  1 cautions against such usage (section 1.14.B).  quote from a recent JAMA article: I have predominately used he as a pronoun to embrace both genders: it does not indicate the gender of the patient or the physician. 2 Oh, but it does. Practical research has shown that such so-called generic language is interpreted differently by men and women.  refer to one classroom study that concludes: When both men and women read the word he , a male interpretation (the default value) initially predominates. But if women are not to exclude themselves from what they read, they must do additional mental processing to transform the initial literal interpretation into one that includes them. 3   As the number of
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: T J McKenna
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

THE pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome has been a matter of intense controversy for several decades. The disorder has been variously ascribed to primary abnormalities of the ovaries,1 of gonadotropin secretion,2 and of the adrenal glands.3 It has frequently been noted that polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder that occurs in association with several distinct pathologic entities: congenital adrenal hyperplasia,4 Cushing's syndrome,5 hyperprolactinemia,6 and insulin-resistant states.7 In this paper, the mechanism proposed for the development of polycystic ovary syndrome suggests a pathway through which several disorders can result in similar abnormalities of gonadotropin secretion that in turn lead to . . .
Reply to: ‘Evidence recommending antiviral therapy in hepatitis C’
Authors: Adriaan J. van der Meer, Jordan J. Feld, Stefan Zeuzem, Harry L.A. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

would predict a good long-term outcome.If it is indeed true that the vast majority (perhaps even all) of individuals achieving SVRs were destined not to develop long-term complications of liver disease, it would follow that SVRs would be associated with non-progressive disease but that antiviral therapy may not provide overall benefit to the treated group.To validate the SVR as a surrogate outcome, RCTs in the future should compare patients treated with regimens that result in larger percentages of SVRs (e.g., 90%) to untreated patients and employ clinical events as the primary outcome.If patients in previous RCTs did not subsequently receive additional treatment, we would encourage the authors of those trials to assess the longterm clinical outcomes retrospectively.As of this time, treatment advocates are supporting treatment that has no level 1 (well designed and executed RCTs) evidence for improved clinical outcomes, but is costly and toxic (including occasional mortal).
Ciba Foundation Symposium. Cellular Aspects of Immunity
Authors: Lawrence C. Parish
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The Ciba Foundation of London, founded in 1947 by Ciba Limited, Basel, Switzerland, organizes conferences for informal discussion between research workers from all nations. In addition, the foundation sponsors an annual lecture, an exchange program between French and British postgraduate students, and a library service. Most noteworthy of its achievements is the publication of the proceedings of the conferences. Past meetings have included symposiums on aging and endocrinology, and biochemical and hematological aspects of medicine. One who reads a Ciba Foundation Symposium for the first time may be pleased to find that the editors have avoided all the pitfalls so characteristic of this type of publication. With very little apparent editing, the small talk and the introductory remarks are at a minimum. Following most of the papers in the present volume are discussions by the panel members, presented in such a way that the reader feels himself a part of
Nursing: New Power, Old Problems
Authors: Emily Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

NURSING, as it enters the 1990s, faces a crossroad. It is more in demand than ever, but its leaders question the appropriateness of much of that demand. It seeks to end the shortages that have occurred through much of this century, but also wants to raise minimum standards for entry into the profession. Its traditional dilemmas of external image and internal identity continue to cause conflicts. Circumstances are such that nursing and medicine should be closer than ever, but they are fighting instead. Yet, nursing is gaining in strength, and may be in a better position to address these issues than it has ever been. There are several sources of nursing's growing power, but the key factor is that at the moment, there do not appear to be enough nurses to go around. The US Department of Health and Human Services Secretary's Commission on Nursing, which issued its final report
Erythropoietic protoporphyria: a study of its psychosocial aspects
Authors: ELISABETH ANNA RUFENER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Erythropoietic protoporphyria: a study of its psychosocial aspects Get access ELISABETH ANNA RUFENER ELISABETH ANNA RUFENER Department of Social Psychology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland Elisabeth Anna Rufener, Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, August‐Forel‐Strasse I, CH‐8O29 Zürich, Switzerland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 116, Issue 5, 1 May 1987, Pages 703–708, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05904.x Published: 01 May 1987
Early diagnosis of infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis—clinical features
Authors: VICTORIA M. YATES, REBECCA E.I. KERR, RONA M. MacKie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

In a prospective study of thirty-seven infants presenting with dermatitis in infancy it was found that pruritus, a positive family history of atopy, and the age of onset of skin lesions were of little value in distinguishing atopic dermatitis from infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis. The most useful distinguishing features were the increased incidence of lesions on the forearms and shins in atopic dermatitis, and in the axillae in infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis. The onset of skin lesions solely in the napkin area favoured a diagnosis of infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis, but when more than one site was involved the distinction was less clear. Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis carried a much better prognosis than atopic dermatitis. In thirty-six out of thirty-seven infants the definitive diagnosis could be made with confidence on clinical grounds by the age of I year, but was often difficult at first presentation in early infancy.
Ventricular Volume Studies in a Patient with Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: CHARLES E. RACKLEY, ROBERT E. WHALEN, HENRY D. MCINTOSH
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Left ventricular volume studies were performed on a patient with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis utilizing cineangiocardiography. During the injection of contrast material the patient had a premature ventricular contraction followed by sinus rhythm. The ventricular volume measurements were made during the post PVC beat and subsequent sinus beats. The volume studies revealed normal end-diastolic volumes and small end-systolic volumes with an increased ejection fraction. Although the left ventricular stroke volume was greater during the post PVC beat than during subsequent beats, the simultaneous arterial systolic and pulse pressure did not rise. The elevated diastolic filling pressure, the normal end-diastolic volumes, and the failure of the end-diastolic volume to increase with a longer diastolic filling period are compatible with diastolic restriction in hypertrophic stenosis.
The Different Radionuclide Angiography (RNA) Responses to Upright Bicycle Ergometer Exercise in a Population with Low Probability Coronary Disease
Authors: GARY L. MURRAY, JOHN F. ROCKETT, MICHAEL J. CONNOR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

One hundred and one subjects (52 men, 49 women) with low probability coronary disease and normal resting left ventricular ejection fraction performed upright bicycle exercise to target without angina, ischemic ECG change, or segmental wall motion abnormality. Fifteen millicuries of Tc-99m pertechnetate were injected at rest and during peak exercise, and images were processed with first pass technique (RNA). The responses were not uniform. Group 1 was characterized by the resting end diastolic volume index (EDVI) usually greater than 80 ml/M2, a peripheral resistance drop (decreases R) of 0.20-0.50, an increase in cardiac index (increases CI) of 2.8-5.5 1/minute/M2, accompanied by decreasing EDVI and ESVI with exercise, stroke volume index (SVI) remaining essentially unchanged, and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) usually increasing. Group 2 was characterized by the resting EDVI less than 80 ml/M2, and with the same decreases R and increases CI; EDVI, ESVI, SVI all increased and EF tended to decrease. Group 3 was characterized by decreases R greater than 0.50, increases CI greater than 5.5 1/minute M2, the exercise EDVI usually increasing, ESVI usually decreasing, SVI usually increasing, and EF usually increasing. There were no significant differences (alpha = 0.01) in exercise-related changes between men and women within each group.
Covert video surveillance of children. Role of police.
Authors: J Fox
Journal: BMJ (1993)

A survey conducted in England and Wales by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys in 1980 showed that out of 1303 drinkers interviewed, 64 reported problems related to alcohol.Two thirds of these drinkers admitted to drinking less than 50 units a week, and only one third admitted to consumption above that.There are many similar examples from international surveys.We believe that there are no grounds for revising the guidelines on sensible drinking and that they provide an invaluable marker in assessing the clinical importance of a patient's drinking habits.
A genome-wide association study identifies colorectal cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 10p14 and 8q23.3
Authors: Ian PM Tomlinson, Emily Webb, Luis Carvajal-Carmona, Peter Broderick, Kimberley Howarth, Alan M Pittman, Sarah Spain, Steven Lubbe, Axel Walther, Kate Sullivan, Emma Jaeger, Sarah Fielding, Andrew Rowan, Jayaram Vijayakrishnan, Enric Domingo, Ian Chandler, Zoe Kemp, Mobshra Qureshi, Susan M Farrington, Albert Tenesa, James GD Prendergast, Rebecca A Barnetson, Steven Penegar, Ella Barclay, Wendy Wood, Lynn Martin, Maggie Gorman, Huw Thomas, Julian Peto, D Timothy Bishop, Richard Gray, Eamonn R Maher, Anneke Lucassen, David Kerr, D Gareth R Evans, Clemens Schafmayer, Stephan Buch, Henry Völzke, Jochen Hampe, Stefan Schreiber, Ulrich John, Thibaud Koessler, Paul Pharoah, Tom van Wezel, Hans Morreau, Juul T Wijnen, John L Hopper, Melissa C Southey, Graham G Giles, Gianluca Severi, Sergi Castellví-Bel, Clara Ruiz-Ponte, Angel Carracedo, Antoni Castells, Asta Försti, Kari Hemminki, Pavel Vodicka, Alessio Naccarati, Lara Lipton, Judy WC Ho, K K Cheng, Pak C Sham, J Luk, Jose AG Agúndez, Jose M Ladero, Miguel de la Hoya, Trinidad Caldés, Iina Niittymäki, Sari Tuupanen, Auli Karhu, Lauri Aaltonen, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, Harry Campbell, Malcolm G Dunlop, Richard S Houlston
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
The calcium-activated nonselective cation channel TRPM4 is essential for the migration but not the maturation of dendritic cells
Authors: Gaëtan Barbet, Marie Demion, Ivan C. Moura, Nicolas Serafini, Thibaut Léger, François Vrtovsnik, Renato C. Monteiro, Romain Guinamard, Jean Pierre Kinet, Pierre Launay
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
Laboratory Measures of Exercise Capacity and Ventricular Characteristics and Function Are Weakly Associated With Functional Health Status After Fontan Procedure
Authors: Brian W. McCrindle, Victor Zak, Lynn A. Sleeper, Stephen M. Paridon, Steven D. Colan, Tal Geva, Lynn Mahony, Jennifer S. Li, Roger E. Breitbart, Renee Margossian, Richard V. Williams, Welton M. Gersony, Andrew M. Atz
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Patients after the Fontan procedure are at risk for suboptimal functional health status, and associations with laboratory measures are important for planning interventions and outcome measures for clinical trials.Parents completed the generic Child Health Questionnaire for 511 Fontan Cross-Sectional Study patients 6 to 18 years of age (61% male). Associations of Child Health Questionnaire Physical and Psychosocial Functioning Summary Scores (FSS) with standardized measurements from prospective exercise testing, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and measurement of brain natriuretic peptide were determined by regression analyses. For exercise variables for maximal effort patients only, the final model showed that higher Physical FSS was associated only with higher maximum work rate, accounting for 9% of variation in Physical FSS. For echocardiography, lower Tei index (particularly for patients with extracardiac lateral tunnel connections), lower indexed end-systolic volume, and the absence of atrioventricular valve regurgitation for patients having Fontan procedure at age <2 years were associated with higher Physical FSS, accounting for 14% of variation in Physical FSS. For magnetic resonance imaging, ratio of lower mass to end-diastolic volume and midquartiles of indexed end-systolic volume (nonlinear) were associated with higher Physical FSS, accounting for 11% of variation. Lower brain natriuretic peptide was significantly but weakly associated with higher Physical FSS (1% of variation). Significant associations for Psychosocial FSS with laboratory measures were fewer and weaker than for Physical FSS.In relatively healthy Fontan patients, laboratory measures account for a small proportion of the variation in functional health status and therefore may not be optimal surrogate end points for trials of therapeutic interventions.
The rationality debate: Look to ontogeny before phylogeny
Authors: Stephanie Stolarz-Fantino, Edmund Fantino
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Subjects have a rich history of decision making which would be expected to affect reasoning in new tasks. For example, averaging, a strategy that is effectively used in many decisions, may help explain the conjunction fallacy. Before resorting to accounts based on phylogeny, more parsimonious accounts in terms of ontogeny should be explored.