tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Macular dystrophies mimicking age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Nicole T.M. Saksens, Monika Fleckenstein, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Frank G. Holz, Anneke I. den Hollander, Jan E.E. Keunen, Camiel J.F. Boon, Carel B. Hoyng
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2013)
Immunisation rates in general practice
Authors: A. Dicker
Journal: BMJ (1989)

group of fit 29 year old men.The slight reductions in protein synthesis in the patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis might well be explained by the differences in age, sex, and body build between the control and study groups.In addition, since there was no evidence of muscle wasting in the patients it follows that protein degradation was reduced to the same degree as protein synthesis.We have studied patients with muscle pain and weakness, many of whom dated the onset of their symptoms to the time of an apparent viral illness.We found reduced muscle mitochondrial enzyme activities in some of these patients and thought that these abnormalities were a consequence of reduced daily activities rather than causes of the symptoms.The abnormalities of mitochondrial function seen in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis could probably be improved by appropriately supervised training.7Patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis deserve a sympathetic approach from doctors, who should be prepared to believe that their symptoms are genuine whether or not they arise in mind or body.Advice should be given to enable them to cope with their symptoms, gradually increase their exercise tolerance, and return to normality.Psychological support may be helpful.What is not needed is any further attempt to pursue the holy grail of the cause of muscle fatigue, because it does not exist.
SYNTAX SCORE CAN PREDICT LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION
Authors: Minju Song, Hae Eun Yun, Sun Hwa Lee, Sang Rok Lee, Kyoung-Suk Rhee, Won Ho Kim, Jae Ki Ko, Jei Keon Chae
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Effect of postnatal depression on other members of the mother's family
Authors: Oliver Mallon, Woody Caan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Does anyone know of any journals or sites with information on how postnatal depression affects the rest of the family, not just the mother?

Different effects appear at different stages of child development. The leading figure in UK research in Professor Lynn Murray. She has been publishing in the area of effects of postnatal depression on child development for about 15 years. Here are details of …
Southern technique and cytogenetics are complementary and must be used together in the evaluation of Ph1, M-BCR positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients treated with alpha interferon (IFN-ALPHA)
Authors: Juan Luis Steegmann, Maria José Requena, Luis Felipe Casado, Mónica Pico, Maria Jesús Peñarrubia, Maria Teresa Ferro, Mónica Resino, Jose María Fernandez-Rañada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Cytogenetic analysis is the gold standard for the follow-up of CML patients. The sensitivity of cytogenetics is fairly similar to that of Southern detection of M-BCR rearrangement (5%); this last technique has the potential advantage of being independent of cell division and yield of metaphases. IFN alpha treatment can induce lack of growth of hemopoietic precursors and poor yield of metaphases has been observed. For this reason we decided to study the grade of concordance and complementarity between analysis of karyotype and detection of M-BCR rearrangement of Southern blot. We studied 43 Ph1 positive, M-BCR positive pre-BMT CML patients (48 samples) treated with IFN alpha 2a. Karyotype was done on bone marrow cells by direct method, culture, and banding. Southern technique was performed onto DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes treated with BgIII (and Xbal if necessary) and hybridized with the universal probe (Ph1/bcr-3, Transprobe 1) labelled with dCTP32. A highly significant association between both tests was obtained. Of 48 samples analyzed, 34 were evaluable by both methods and 28 gave the same result for both tests. The concordance between the tests was good (kappa index: 0.63). Of total samples 27.1% was not evaluable by cytogenetics; this figure was 31.2% in samples from patients who were previously in complete cytogenetic response. All of the specimens not evaluable by karyotyping were evaluable by Southern. One sample was not analyzable by Southern but it was evaluable by cytogenetic analysis. The information obtained by Southern technique was clinically relevant, and decisions were made according to its results. We conclude that both tests show a significant association and a good concordance, although they are not interchangeable. Cytogenetic and molecular studies are complementary and must be employed together in CML patients treated with alpha-interferon.
Public Health and Preventive Medicine
Authors: Donald R. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Epidemiology, the scientific discipline that is basic to public health and preventive medicine, has attained unprecedented acceptance among both health professionals and the public. Competition for training remains keen; not all potential students can be accommodated by existing programs. New organizations and periodicals dedicated to epidemiology have been created and the news media have perceived that the activity of epidemiologists is frequently newsworthy. Despite these ostensible signs of success, some epidemiologists question whether epidemiology today is all that it could or should be. <h3>Risk Factors</h3> Risk factors have received considerable publicity in the last few years—often without sufficient caution concerning their implications. Identification of risk factors stems from statistical associations between population subsets and, therefore, does not explicitly quantify risk for a specific individual. For any particular disease, one can never be sure if the known risk factors constitute a complete collection. Furthermore, any particular risk factor contributes only partially
Electromagnetic Interference With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators at Power Frequency
Authors: Andreas Napp, Stephan Joosten, Dominik Stunder, Christian Knackstedt, Matthias Zink, Barbara Bellmann, Nikolaus Marx, Patrick Schauerte, Jiri Silny
Journal: Circulation (2013)

The number of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) for the prevention of sudden cardiac death is continuing to increase. Given the technological complexity of ICDs, it is of critical importance to identify and control possible harmful electromagnetic interferences between various sources of electromagnetic fields and ICDs in daily life and occupational environments.Interference thresholds of 110 ICD patients (1-, 2-, and 3-chamber ICDs) were evaluated in a specifically developed test site. Patients were exposed to single and combined electric and magnetic 50-Hz fields with strengths of up to 30 kV·m⁻¹ and 2.55 mT. Tests were conducted considering worst-case conditions, including maximum sensitivity of the device or full inspiration. With devices being programmed to nominal sensitivity, ICDs remained unaffected in 91 patients (83%). Five of 110 devices (5%) showed transient loss of accurate right ventricular sensing, whereas 14 of 31 (45%) of the 2- and 3-chamber devices displayed impaired right atrial sensing. No interference was detected in 71 patients (65%) within the tested limits with programming to maximum sensitivity, whereas 20 of 110 subjects (18%) exhibited right ventricular disturbances and 19 of 31 (61%) subjects exhibited right atrial disturbances.Extremely low-frequency daily-life electromagnetic fields do not disturb sensing capabilities of ICDs. However, strong 50-Hz electromagnetic fields, present in certain occupational environments, may cause inappropriate sensing, potentially leading to false detection of atrial/ventricular arrhythmic events. When the right atrial/right ventricular interferences are compared, the atrial lead is more susceptible to electromagnetic fields.http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01626261. Unique identifier: NCT01626261.
Abstract 5647: EGCG suppresses the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting activation of the VEGF/VEGFR axis
Authors: Masaya Kubota, Yohei Shirakami, Masahito Shimizu, Seiji Adachi, Hisataka Moriwaki
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR) plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major biologically active component of green tea, inhibits growth in a variety of human cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of several types of RTKs. In this study, we examined the effects of EGCG on the activity of the VEGF/VEGFR axis in human HCC cells. The levels of total and phosphorylated (i.e. activated) form of VEGFR-2 protein (p-VEGFR-2) were observed to increase in a series of human HCC cell lines in comparison to the Hc normal human hepatocytes. EGCG preferentially inhibited the growth of HuH7 HCC cells, which express the constitutive activation of the VEGF/VEGFR axis, in comparison to Hc cells. Treatment with HuH7 cells with EGCG caused a time- and dose-dependent decrease in the expression of VEGFR-2 and p-VEGFR-2 proteins. The production of VEGF from HuH7 cells was reduced by the treatment with EGCG. Drinking of EGCG significantly inhibited the growth of HuH7 xenografts in nude mice and this was associated with the inhibition of the activation of VEGFR-2 and its related downstream signaling molecules, including ERK and Akt. EGCG drinking also decreased the expression of Bcl-xL protein and VEGF mRNA in the xenografts. These findings suggest that EGCG can exert, at least in part, its growth inhibitive effect on HCC cells by inhibiting the VEGF/VEGFR axis. EGCG might therefore be useful in the treatment of HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5647.
ΔNp63 induces β-catenin nuclear accumulation and signaling
Authors: Meera Patturajan, Shuji Nomoto, Matthias Sommer, Alexey Fomenkov, Kenji Hibi, Rachel Zangen, Nina Poliak, Joseph Califano, Barry Trink, Edward Ratovitski, David Sidransky
Journal: Cancer Cell (2002)
Second hand smoke and hypercholesterolemia increase arterial matrix metallproteinase activity
Authors: S.J. Hutchison, M.P. Bendeck, P.C. Deedwania, K. Sudhir, T.M. Chou, S.A. Glantz, K. Chatterjee, W.W Parmley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Insulin Therapy and Cancer
Authors: Philip Home
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

That diabetes is associated with an increased lifetime risk of developing malignancy is now well established (1,2). For some specific malignancies, explanation of that increased risk is possible, though usually unproven. For example, the marked increase in pancreatic cancer incidence in type 2 diabetes may or may not be due to misattribution of type of diabetes where the reality is secondary diabetes. Also markedly increased is hepatic malignancy—something that may be secondary to hepatic steatosis or, rather, hepatosteatitis and subsequent fibrotic/regenerative disease. Lesser increases in large-bowel malignancy are also found in association with obesity and modern low-residue high-fat diets, and both obesity and such diets are associated with diabetes (1,3). In contrast, it is notable that high-concentration insulin given repeatedly into the same injection site for many decades has not generated even one report of a subcutaneous sarcoma in >90 years in tens of millions of people.

Type 2 diabetes and other types of diabetes, once vascular damage is occurring, are inflammatory states, which may provide an environment for oncogenesis of some malignancies. However, the inflammatory state might also might provide enhancement of immune cancer surveillance mechanisms. The reduction of prostate cancer incidence is potentially explainable in the context of relative reduction in circulating testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes.

A second concern over diabetes and malignancy is regarding glucose-lowering therapies. However, only in the case of PPAR-αγ agonists is there reasonably strong data once information from preclinical studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies is taken together (4–6). For insulin, the data are more complex to assess. Preclinical animal data of concern are limited to an analog with unusual receptor binding properties. However, mechanistic data do suggest mechanisms by which increased malignancy risk could operate, and this has raised concerns …
SR2-6: Genome Data for the Masses: Presentation of TCGA and IGC Breast Tumor Data.
Authors: D Haussler
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Large-scale cancer genomics projects will sequence tens of thousands of tumors in the next few years, along with matched normal tissue samples. Among these are The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET), and the International Cancer Genomics Consortium (ICGC). TCGA alone plans to analyze 500 clinically characterized samples from each of 20 different cancer types, detecting frequently mutated genes, common copy number variants, rearrangements, altered gene expression, and methylation changes. These data will provide an exceptional resource for identifying new diagnostic targets and predictors of response. As a data analysis center and the primary sequence database for TCGA, we have built on technology developed for the UCSC Genome Browser to develop a cancer genome analysis pipeline and a cancer genomics browser (genome-cancer.ucsc.edu). These interpret cancer genomics data to aid in the identification of new targets. We reconstruct changes in tumor genomes and their expressed transcripts from tumor sequencing data (DNA, RNA, methylation) and use an approach based on factor graphs, called PARADIGM, to map multiple data types into a single coherent pathway model that includes thousands of genes and interactions for higher-level interpretation. By transforming raw genomic data to pathway activity levels, PARADIGM provides a comprehensible window into the data that can be coupled to predictors of response to improve accuracy. This paves the way to form hypotheses that clinical investigators can test in cell-line models and later explore in clinical trials. Today's concurrent cancer genomic projects provide an exceptional opportunity to study the molecular nature of cancer on an enormous scale never before possible. A cancer genomics data repository that hosts multiple large projects and makes them accessible through a general cancer genomics browser (with effective data access control) will leverage each study and enable cross-tumor cancer research. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr SR2-6.
PHAGEDENIC AND GANGRENOUS ULCERATION OF THE SKIN COMPLICATING ULCERATIVE COLITIS (PHAGEDENA GEOMETRICUM)
Authors: BRIAN RUSSELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1950)

Journal Article PHAGEDENIC AND GANGRENOUS ULCERATION OF THE SKIN COMPLICATING ULCERATIVE COLITIS (PHAGEDENA GEOMETRICUM) Get access BRIAN RUSSELL, M.D., M.R.C.P. BRIAN RUSSELL, M.D., M.R.C.P. Assistant Physician, Skin Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 62, Issue 3, 1 March 1950, Pages 114–124, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1950.tb10964.x Published: 01 March 1950
General practitioners' management of acute back pain: a survey of reported practice compared with clinical guidelines
Authors: P. Little, L. Smith, T. Cantrell, J. Chapman, J. Langridge, R. Pickering
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To compare general practitioners9 reported management of acute back pain with "evidence based" guidelines for its management. <b>Design</b>: Confidential postal questionnaire. <b>Setting</b>: One health district in the South and West region. <b>Subjects</b>: 236 general practitioners; 166 (70%) responded. <b>Outcome measures</b>: Examination routinely performed, "danger" symptoms and signs warranting urgent referral, advice given, and satisfaction with management. <b>Results</b>: A minority of general practitioners do not examine reflexes routinely (27%, 95% confidence interval 20% to 34%), and a majority do not examine routinely for muscle weakness or sensation. Although most would refer patients with danger signs, some would not seek urgent advice for saddle anaesthesia (6%, 3% to 11%), extensor plantar response (45%, 37% to 53%), or neurological signs at multiple levels (15%, 10% to 21%). A minority do not give advice about back exercises (42%, 34% to 49%), fitness (34%, 26% to 41%), or everyday activities. A minority performed manipulation (20%) or acupuncture (6%). One third rated their satisfaction with management of back pain as 4 out of 10 or less. <b>Conclusions</b>: The management of back pain by general practitioners does not match the guidelines, but there is little evidence from general practice for many of the recommendations, including routine examination, activity modification, educational advice, and back exercises. General practitioners need to be more aware of danger symptoms and of the benefits of early mobilisation and possibly of manipulation for persisting symptoms. Guidelines should reference each recommendation and discuss study methodology and the setting of evidence. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages It is unclear, however, to what extent these guidelines are followed in general practice, where most episodes are managed, and where most cases settle within a few weeks The study shows that management of back pain by general practitioners does not match the guidelines, in that most do not routinely perform some recommended examinations and several do not give advice about exercise or everyday activities. In particular some neglect danger signs Many of the guidelines9 recommendations, however, are not based on evidence from general practice. More research based in general practice is needed, and guidelines should clearly reference the evidence for each recommendation
Update in Preventive Medicine
Authors: Joel H. Merenstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters16 May 2000Update in Preventive MedicineJoel H. Merenstein, MDJoel H. Merenstein, MDUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center, St. Margaret; Pittsburgh, PA 15201 (Merenstein)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-10-200005160-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their otherwise excellent Update in Preventive Medicine, Beck and Kumar (1) perpetuate the mistaken inference of the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) (2) by stating that “statin therapy … can prevent or at least delay cardiovascular events and deaths, even in some subsets of apparently healthy persons whose lipid levels are relatively normal.”The AFCAPS/TexCAPS presented relevant and valid results that should affect the management of many patients. However, the title of both the article and the accompanying commentary (3) were misleading and potentially harmful; this recent Update compounds this problem. Those reading only ...References1. Beck LH, Kumar SP. Update in preventive medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:681-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, Whitney E, Shapiro DR, Beere PA, et al . Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA. 1998;279:1615-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Pearson TA. Lipid-lowering therapy in low-risk patients. JAMA. 1998;279:1659-60. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. . Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. JAMA. 1993;269:3015-23. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Kannel WB, Wilson P. Efficacy of lipid profiles in prediction of coronary disease. Am Heart J. 1992;124:768-74. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joel H. Merenstein, MDAffiliations: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, St. Margaret; Pittsburgh, PA 15201 (Merenstein) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUpdate in Preventive Medicine Laurence H. Beck and Seema Pania Kumar Clinical Utility of Blood Cultures Drawn from Indwelling Central Venous Catheters in Hospitalized Patients with Cancer Jeffrey A. DesJardin , Matthew E. Falagas , Robin Ruthazer , John Griffith , Dorothy Wawrose , David Schenkein , Kenneth Miller , and David R. Snydman Metrics 16 May 2000Volume 132, Issue 10Page: 844-845KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCholesterolForecastingHigh density lipoproteinLipidsMedical risk factorsPreventive medicineRisk managementStable coronary artery diseaseStatins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 16 May 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Case for Theoretical Medicine
Authors: Adolph D. Jonas
Journal: JAMA (1963)

AS MEDICAL STUDENTS we are introduced to pragmatic concepts that follow us through our years of clinical practice. It is only much later —through the accumulated experience of professional life—that we may begin to question the bedrock on which those concepts rest. In medical school we neither questioned nor were encouraged to question the assumptions underlying the pragmatically conceived interpretations. Today's student may even be less inclined to do so, considering the impressive and complicated machinery of our laboratories and the new surgical procedures that can dramatically relieve the acutely ill. Such advances tend to bear out the unspoken contention that medical science has continually been on the right track.  This contention is as dangerous now, however, as it was 2,000 years ago because it can literally destroy speculative pursuits and can stifle creative thinking. The field of theoretical medicine more than ever deserves a prominent place in the medical
Eicosanoid profile of healing colon anastomosis and peritoneal macrophages in the rat.
Authors: A C van der Ham, W J Kort, A M Bijma, F J Zijlstra, M A Vermeer, J Jeekel
Journal: Gut (1990)

Because intraperitoneal administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has a negative influence on the healing of colonic anastomosis, the production of eicosanoid products in the healing rat colon after resection and anastomosis was studied using high performance liquid chromatography. Normal colonic tissue metabolizes small amounts of arachidonic acid into cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase products. After construction of an anastomosis, however, there is increased production of lipoxygenase products, while cyclooxygenase activity remains low. Increased amounts of PGE2 and other cyclo-oxygenase products are not produced after anastomosis of the colon and probably do not play a major role in uncomplicated healing of the large intestine in the rat. During the first eight days of repair in the anastomosed colonic tissue, a statistically significant increase in 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) production was found compared with control colon tissue (p = 0.001). At the same time peritoneal macrophages from these rats showed increased 12-HETE production. Eicosanoid synthesis of peritoneal macrophages resembled eicosanoid synthesis of anastomosed colon taken from the same rat indicating that 12-HETE, in particular, may be of macrophage origin.