tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of occupational skin disease: EPIDERM and OPRA
Authors: N. Cherry, J.D. Meyer, A. Adisesh, R. Brooke, V. Owen-Smith, C. Swales, M.H. Beck
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Abstract Consultant dermatologists in the U.K. have been reporting to EPIDERM, a voluntary surveillance scheme for occupational skin disease, since February 1993; reporting by occupational physicians to the scheme began in May 1994 and was superseded in January 1996 by OPRA (Occupational Physicians Reporting Activity). Currently 244 dermatologists and 790 occupational physicians report incident cases to these schemes. During the 6 years to January 1999 a total of 12,574 new cases of occupational skin disease was estimated from reports by consultant dermatologists and 10,136 cases estimated from occupational physicians (since May 1994). The annual incidence of occupational contact dermatitis using data from both schemes was 12·9 per 100,000 workers. The incidence of contact dermatitis per 100,000 workers increased with age in men from 4·9 (age 16–29 years) to 6·6 (age 45–60 years); in women a higher rate (9·5) was apparent in the younger age group, with lower rates in older female workers. High rates in young workers were associated with wet work and in older workers with exposure to oils. For men, high rates of contact dermatitis were seen in reports from both schemes for chemical operatives, machine tool setters and operatives, coach and spray painters and metal workers. For women, high rates were found for hairdressers, biological scientists and laboratory workers, nurses and those working in catering. The most frequent agents for contact dermatitis were rubber chemicals and materials (14·1% of cases reported by dermatologists), soaps and cleaners (12·7%), nickel (11·9%), wet work (11·1%), personal protective equipment (6·2%), petroleum products (6·3%), cutting oils and coolants (5·6%), and epoxy and other resins (6·1%). In the 1608 estimated cases of skin cancer all but 4% were attributed to ultraviolet radiation. Cases of contact urticaria attributed to latex peaked in 1996, with a decline in cases since that time.
A new combination chemotherapy based on oral fluoropyrimidine, TS-1 combined with oxaliplatin is highly effective against colorectal cancer in vivo
Authors: Mamoru Nukatsuka, Hitoshi Saito, Kazuki Sakamoto, Junko Chikamoto, Akio Ooyama, Junji Uchida, Yoshikazu Sugimoto, Toshinori Oka, Masakazu Fukushima
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4730  Purpose: Oxaliplatin (l-OHP) shows good efficacy combined with 5-FU and leucovorin (FOLFOX) or capecitabine (XELOX) for colorectal cancer. However, FOLFOX might be not convenient and reduce quality of life. A novel oral dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitory fluoropyrimidine, TS-1 consists of tegafur, gimeracil (DPD inhibitor) and oteracil (which suppress gastrointestinal toxicities) in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1. TS-1 is approved in Japan for the treatment of gastric, non-small cell lung, breast, and colorectal cancer. We tried to examine a new combination therapy of TS-1 and l-OHP (SOX) in vivo human colorectral cancer xenograft. Method: Cancer cell lines, COL-1, 5-FU resistant cell line KM12C/FU which was established by our laboratory, and HCT-15 highly expressing p-glycoprotein were used. TS-1 and capecitabine was administered at its maximum torelated dose (MTD: 6.9 and 360 mg/kg, respectively) orally for 14 consecutive days. l-OHP was administered i.v. and estimated the optimal schedule and dose at first. Antitumor effect was evaluated by tumor growth inhibition (TGI). The day after the last administration, tumor tissues were collected and the activities and mRNA expression levels of 5-FU metabolizing enzyme were analyzed. Results: (1) Estimation of optimal treatment schedule and dose using COL-1 xenograft: l-OHP was administered on day 1, or 8 alone, or days 1 and 8 intermittently. The intermittent administration (days 1 and 8) SOX therapy showed significant antitumor effect with tolerable toxicity, and gave no potentiation in day 8 administration schedule. Therefore, the intermittent administration was selected as an optimal schedule. At optimal administration, l-OHP potentiated the effect of TS-1 dose-dependently, and its MTD was estimated as 4.2 mg/kg. In this experiment SOX therapy showed significant antitumor effect (TGI: 53.9%) compared to TS-1 (33.9%) or l-OHP (23.0%) monotherapy. (2) Antitumor effects of SOX therapy: SOX therapy (TGI: 65.5%) was superior to XELOX therapy (45.7%), with equivalent toxicity in COL-1 xenograft. The antitumor activity against KM12C/FU or HCT-15 was not significant by TS-1 (TGI: 32.7 and 4.4%) or l-OHP (16.1 and 4.3%) monotherapy, however the SOX therapy showed the significant effect (TGI: 48.5 and 40.1%, respectively). (3) Mechanism of action: The enzyme activity of 5-FU metabolizing enzyme was not markedly changed by l-OHP administration, therefore other mechanisms to potentiate antitumor activity are suggested. To clarify mechanisms of action cellular folate pool, DNA repair, and other mechanisms are under investigation. Conclusion: In colorectal cancer xenografts, SOX therapy showed an improved antitumor effect with tolerable toxicity compared to XELOX therapy. Therefore, clinical trial of SOX is warranted.
AIDS Funding Boost
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 16532: Impact of Systolic Blood Pressure on Cardiovascular Disease in a Chinese Population: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Robert Clarke, Liming Li, Derrick Bennett, Iona Y Millwood, Robin G Walters, Yu Guo, Zheng Bian, Richard Peto, Rory Collins, Sarah Parish, Zhengming M Chen
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Aims: To investigate the quantitative importance of systolic blood pressure (SBP) for cardiovascular disease using a Mendelian randomization analysis and compare the risk associations with equivalent differences in standard measures of SBP after correction for regression dilution. Methods: In the China Kadoorie Biobank prospective study, 82,373 unrelated adults aged 30-79 years had SBP recorded and were genotyped for 384 candidate SNPs, including 32 SNPs previously associated with blood pressure. These SNPs were combined to generate a genetic score for SBP (GS-SBP) and estimate the associated relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of major cardiovascular events (stroke, and non-fatal MI or IHD death). The results were compared with the RRs for 20 mmHg higher SBP before and after correction for regression dilution (basal or usual SBP).The correlation coefficient between replicate measurements of SBP between baseline and a re-survey after 3 years was 0.6 and was used to correct for regression dilution. Results: The overall mean (SD) age at survey was 51 (10.7) years and mean (SD) SBP was 131.9 (22.2) mmHg, but only 4.8% reported use of any anti-hypertensive treatment. Overall, there was a 5 mmHg difference in the mean SBP between the top and bottom fifths of the GS-SBP. After adjustment for regression dilution, each 20 mmHg higher usual SBP was associated with RRs of 1.78, 2.45, 1.61, and 1.84 for ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, non-fatal MI or IHD death and major cardiovascular events, respectively (Table). For GS-SBP, the corresponding RRs were much more extreme, being 2.48, 2.85, 1.85 and 2.69, respectively. Conclusions: This Mendelian randomization study demonstrates that the effects of long-term differences in SBP for risk of major cardiovascular events in this largely untreated population were almost 50% greater than those estimated for standard measures of SBP after correction for regression dilution.
Strong-association-rule mining for large-scale gene-expression data analysis: a case study on human SAGE data
Authors: Céline Becquet, Sylvain Blachon, Baptiste Jeudy, Jean-Francois Boulicaut, Olivier Gandrillon
Journal: Genome biology (2002)

The association-rules discovery (ARD) technique has yet to be applied to gene-expression data analysis. Even in the absence of previous biological knowledge, it should identify sets of genes whose expression is correlated. The first association-rule miners appeared six years ago and proved efficient at dealing with sparse and weakly correlated data. A huge international research effort has led to new algorithms for tackling difficult contexts and these are particularly suited to analysis of large gene-expression matrices. To validate the ARD technique we have applied it to freely available human serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) data.The approach described here enables us to designate sets of strong association rules. We normalized the SAGE data before applying our association rule miner. Depending on the discretization algorithm used, different properties of the data were highlighted. Both common and specific interpretations could be made from the extracted rules. In each and every case the extracted collections of rules indicated that a very strong co-regulation of mRNA encoding ribosomal proteins occurs in the dataset. Several rules associating proteins involved in signal transduction were obtained and analyzed, some pointing to yet-unexplored directions. Furthermore, by examining a subset of these rules, we were able both to reassign a wrongly labeled tag, and to propose a function for an expressed sequence tag encoding a protein of unknown function.We show that ARD is a promising technique that turns out to be complementary to existing gene-expression clustering techniques.
Constitutive Chemokine Production Results in Activation of Leukocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 on Adult T-Cell Leukemia Cells
Authors: Yoshiya Tanaka, Shinichiro Mine, Carl G. Figdor, Atsushi Wake, Hideyasu Hirano, Junichi Tsukada, Megumi Aso, Koichi Fujii, Kazuyoshi Saito, Yvette van Kooyk, Sumiya Eto
Journal: Blood (1998)
Smoking and obstructive lung function disorders in three rural districts in Northwest Russia
Authors: Elena Andreeva
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Obstructive lung diseases remain one of the major public health problems in Russia taking account of a high prevalence of smoking (31.9% of the adult population). The airflow limitation is not necessarily accompanied by certain symptoms and therefore some patients do not always seek for medical advice. Therefore, there is a consensus about the underestimation of the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a definite need for early screening on primary care level.  Aim: Early detection of airflow limitation and identification of risk factors for COPD among smoking patients in general practice in Northwest Russia.  Methods: Cross-sectional study. Criteria for inclusion: patients with cough as a main symptom and/or with smoking history, age 35 or older, from three rural districts of Arkhangelsk region. Lung function screening was established by COPD-6 with criteria of obstructive disorder as FEV1/FEV6 less 0.7.  Results: Screening procedure was made by nurses. Totally 861 patients were included in the study (52.6% of the sample was males). Mean age was 50.4 years. 60.5% of the subjects were current smokers, 13.5% - ex-smokers. The average smoking history was 26.2 years with 19.3 cigarettes per day. Main symptoms were cough with/without sputum and dyspnoe (41.2% and 40.5%, correspondently). 15.4% patients did not have any symptoms. FEV1/FEV6 less 0.7 were identified in 14% of subjects, 48.7% of them did not have any symptoms. Totally 28.2% patients were motivated to stop smoking.  Conclusion: Further investigation and intervention such as lung function testing with spirometry and training health personnel dedicated smoking cessation programs are needed.
Abstract 16440: Cu Transporter ATP7A Protects Against Fibrosis Through Limiting Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Seock-Won Youn, Sudhahar Varadarajan, Archita Das, Ronald D McKinney, Tohru Fukai, Masuko Ushio-Fukai
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is induced by inflammation and contributes to fibrosis; however, underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Cu plays an important role in physiological processes and pathophysiologies associated with inflammatory diseases. Since excess Cu is toxic, bioavailability of Cu is tightly controlled by Cu exporter ATP7A, which obtains Cu via Cu chaperone, Atox1, and exclude Cu. We reported that Atox1 also functions as a Cu dependent transcription factor. However, role of Cu transport proteins in EndMT is entirely unknown.[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8232;]] Results: Here we show that TNFα stimulation for 24hr in HUVEC significantly decreased ATP7A protein (80%) and increased intracellular Cu and Atox1 in nucleus, which was associated with shape change forming EndMT. ATP7A depletion with shRNA in EC significantly reduced EC markers (VE-cadherin and VEGFR2) and increased mesenchymal markers (αSMA, Calponin, SM22α, Collagen I/II). ATP7A siRNA also increased intracellular Cu and nuclear Atox1. These ATP7A knockdown-induced phenotype changes were inhibited by Cu chelators BCS and TTM. Mechanistically, microarray and qPCR based screening revealed that ATP7A knockdown in EC significantly increased miR21 (2.5 fold) and miR125b (1.5 fold) which induce EndMT in a Cu-dependent manner. Of note, promoters of both miR21 and miR125b have Cu dependent transcription factor Atox1 binding sites. Consistent with this, overexpression of Atox1 increased miR21 and miR125b expression as well as promoted EndMT. In vivo, ATP7A mutant (ATP7Amut) mice with reduced Cu export function showed impaired blood flow recovery and reduced arteriogenesis while increased αSMA+ cells and fibrosis in capillary network after ischemic injury. Moreover, ATP7Amut mice crossed with ApoE-/- mice with high fat diet (HFD) induced robust fibrosis and enhanced atherosclerotic lesion vs ApoE-/-/HFD mice.[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8232;]] Conclusions: ATP7A protects against fibrosis by preventing EndMT via nuclear Atox1-mediated upregulation of miR21 and miR125b which induce EndMT, in Cu dependent manner. These findings provide the foundation for novel protective role of Cu transport proteins against EndMT- and fibrosis-mediated cardiovascular diseases.
Risk of Neonatal Death on Weekends vs WeekdaysRisk of Neonatal Death on Weekends vs Weekdays
Authors: Michael H. Malloy, Daniel H. Freeman
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 13405: Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities, Albuminaria, and Atrial Fibrillation Incidence: the ARIC Study
Authors: Sunil Agarwal, Tejal Shah, Faye Lopez, Tien Wong, Rebecca Gottesman, Elsayed Soliman, Lin Chen, Billy Chacko, Barbara Klein, Ronald Klein, Scott Solomon, Gerardo Heiss, Josef Coresh, Alvaro Alonso, Richey Sharrett
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Microvascular abnormalities seen in the retina and assessed in the kidneys as micro-albuminuria may be associated with microvascular abnormalities in coronary beds. Their relationship w...
Trends in the Incidence of Leukemia in Denmark, 1943–77: An Epidemiologic Study of 14,000 Patients
Authors: N E Hansen, H Karle, O M Jensen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

An epidemiologic study of the total population of patients with leukemia in Denmark during 1943-77 was performed with special emphasis on time trends. The material stemmed from the national Danish Cancer Registry and was believed to be virtually complete. Of the 13,813 patients, 40% had acute leukemia; 40%, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; patients, 40% had acute leukemia; 40%, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; and 20%, chronic myeloid leukemia. Over the 35-year period, the incidence of acute leukemia increased threefold in the age groups 0-9 and 50-70+ years; whereas the increase in the age group 0-9 years climaxed in the 5-year period 1968-72, and the increase in the age group 50-70+ years was sustained. The incidence of chronic lymphocytic and chronic myeloid leukemia remained unchanged. No geographic pattern was discernible.
Abstract 16174: Electrical Features Associated With the Occurrence of Ventricular Fibrillation in STEMI Patients
Authors: Stephen Tang, Eloi Marijon, Alexander Lou, Harpriya Chugh, Ronald Mariani, Audrey Uy-Evanado, Carmen Teodorescu, Kyndaron Reinier, Jonathan Jui, Sumeet Chugh
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  More than 300,000 people develop sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) each year in the United States, and the majority (>80%) occur in the setting of coronary artery disease. Efforts to improve long-term prediction of individuals at risk for SCA have made slow progress and in this context, alternative approaches aimed at pre-emptive risk stratification and prevention are needed.   Objective:  To identify sub-acute static and dynamic electrocardiographic (ECG) features associated with the development of ventricular fibrillation (VF) among patients with acute STEMI.   Methods:  We developed a systematic approach to process digital ECG data recorded by LIFEPAK defibrillators using PhysioControl software and MATLAB ® . From Emergency Medical Services in Portland, Oregon, ECG (12-lead as well as continuous) tracings of 5 cases (STEMI with VF occurrence prior hospital admission) and 10 controls (STEMI patients without VF occurrence) were analyzed (mean age 65±17 years, males 47%, anterior STEMI 40%). Analysis included heart rate, ventricular excitability, durations of different intervals (PR, QRS, QT, QTc), amplitude at J-point, ST segment elevation, as well as ST integrals (defined as the ST wave segment area in relationship to the isoelectric line). Analyses were carried out at baseline (time of EMS arrival) as well as over a 10-minute period.   Results:  The majority of the duration-based measurements of different ECG segments showed similar results among cases and controls. By contrast, amplitude measurements, especially the ST integral was observed to be larger among cases compared to controls (604±218 vs. 390±133 mV*ms, P=0.07). In addition, the number of premature ventricular beats was higher among cases compared to controls (P=0.049). Dynamic analyses found that only changes in ST integral were associated with VF occurrence -- ST integral becoming significantly higher among cases compared to controls (P=0.028). The MATLAB analysis program was able to reproduce the results of the manual analysis with significantly increased efficiency and only minor discrepancies.   Conclusion:  Our preliminary findings suggest the feasibility of developing automatic algorithms that predict VF in STEMI patients.
A memorable experience: Why I became an anaesthetist
Authors: D. A Abdel-Razik
Journal: BMJ (1998)

It was the long hot summer of 1987 in Sudan, the temperature was 45°C in the shade, and as a fourth year medical student I felt it was time to contribute a little to my country, hard hit by a year of drought.

I was part of a medical caravan, a team of volunteer medical students and doctors working at Karima General hospital, a 250 bedded hospital in the middle of the northern desert serving an area of 200 000 square miles.

We boarded the train on Monday morning for a journey of 180 miles. Everyone was in high spirits but prepared for a long wait because the train had a maximum speed (when in working order) of 40 miles an hour and in many areas the single track was shared with oncoming trains. We arrived four days later.

Three days into our stay in Karima I became increasingly unwell …
BONE‐MARROW EOSINOPHILIA IN THE MOUSE
Authors: J. D. F. HABBEMA, P. A. J. J. M. de COCK
Journal: Allergy (1977)

The number of eosinophil leukocytes in the bone marrow of untreated mice (Cpb:SE) has been shown to vary widely. A systematic investigation of this variability is reported here. The study was done a) within a group of mice, b) within groups of mice at roughly 3-month intervals, and c) within a group over a time course. The following are the most important results of this study: 1. Analysis of variance of eosinophils/1000 cells in 165 mice over a 35-day period showed that the results were consistent with the assumption that there are no changes during this interval (P is less than 0.05). 2. The number of eosinophils/1000 cells found in the various groups are not directly comparable; the mean number for the four groups investigated at intervals of about 3 months differed by a factor of up to 3. 3. On the basis of the variability found, the number of eosinophils/1000 cells in the bone marrow of a given untreated mouse in a group to be investigated cannot be reliably predicted. At a 99 per cent confidence level, the value would lie between 5 and 139.