tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
hK2 and Free PSA, a Prognostic Combination in Predicting Minimal Prostate Cancer in Screen-Detected Men within the PSA Range 4–10 ng/ml
Authors: René Raaijmakers, Stijn H. de Vries, Bert G. Blijenberg, Mark F. Wildhagen, Renske Postma, Chris H. Bangma, Claude Darte, Fritz H. Schröder
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Obesity in Europe
Authors: REINHOLD KLUTHE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The high prevalence of obesity in Europe is similar to that in other industrialized areas. Obesity and its related diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hyperuricemia, have become a major problem, particularly in terms of cost. Prospective studies in Scandinavia strongly suggest obesity and its related diseases lower life expectancy. Divergent results from the Seven Countries Study are critically discussed.
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature
Authors: Mita K. Giacomini, Deborah J. Cook, None for the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group
Journal: JAMA (2000)

The second part of this 2-part series on how to interpret qualitative research addresses, "what are the results," and, "how do they help me care for my patients?" Qualitative analysis is a process of summarizing and interpreting data to develop theoretical insights that describe and explain social phenomena such as interactions, experiences, roles, perspectives, symbols, and organizations. Key results are often illustrated with excerpts from interview transcripts, field notes, or documents. The results of a qualitative research report are best understood as an empirically based contribution to ongoing dialogue and exploration. Empirically based theory evolves from a process of exploration, discovery, analysis, and synthesis. Each concept should be defined carefully in a way that is meaningful to the reader. Concepts should be adequately developed and illustrated when theoretical conclusions are drawn. Arguments should be explained and justified. The qualitative research report ideally should address how the findings relate to other theories in the field. The qualitative study can provide a useful road map for understanding and navigating similar social settings interactions, or relationships. JAMA. 2000;284:478-482
Ethical Testing of Experimental Ebola Treatments
Authors: Steve Kanters, Kristian Thorlund, Edward J. Mills
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An area specifically devoted to tool use in human left inferior parietal lobule
Authors: Guy A. Orban, Giacomo Rizzolatti
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract A comparative fMRI study by Peeters et al. (2009) provided evidence that a specific sector of left inferior parietal lobule is devoted to tool use in humans, but not in monkeys. We propose that this area represents the neural substrate of the human capacity to understand tool use by using causal reasoning.
Controversy surrounds proposed Italian alternative to female genital mutilation
Authors: F. Turone
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The proposal of a “harmless and symbolic” alternative to female genital mutilation, to be practised on African women at a public hospital in Florence, has sparked strong reactions in Italy.

The alternative “ritual,” consisting of a puncture of the clitoris under local anaesthesia that would let a few drops of blood out, has been proposed by Omar Abdulcadir, a Somali gynaecologist who graduated in Florence about 25 years ago and now heads the centre for the prevention and therapy of female genital mutilations at the Careggi Hospital, Florence.

“We strongly oppose female genital mutilation, and we hope the practice will disappear all over the world,” said Dr Abdulcadir. “Unfortunately, we deal every day …
Abstract LB-492: CD44 binding peptide attached to an engineered matrix prevents the formation of CSC tumorspheres
Authors: Xiaoming Yang, Xuezhong He, Esmaiel Jabbari
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Objective: Cancer recurrence is related to the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the tumor tissue that are highly resistant to conventional therapies. Self-renewal and differentiation of CSCs are regulated by tumor microenvironment. Naturally derived matrices have been used for immobilization of cancer stem cells but, due to their many ligand-receptor interactions, those matrices cannot isolate the effect of individual factors in the microenvironment on CSCs. We hypothesized that an inert biodegradable hydrogel, conjugated with bioactive peptides, that allow precise control of mechanical, physiochemical, and biological properties are ideal for investigating the effect of microenvironmental on maintenance of CSCs. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of CD44 binding peptide RLVSYNGIIFFLK conjugated to an engineered inert but permissive gel (SPELA gel) on viability and maintenance of 4T1 CSCs. Methodology: 4T1 cancer cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U/ml PEN and 100 μg/ml STREP. After 70% confluence, 4T1 tumor cells were suspended in DMEM-F12 medium supplemented with 0.4% BSA, 5 μg/ml insulin, 40 ng/ml bFGF, 20 ng/ml EGF, 5% horse serum (CSC medium). Next, 4T1 cells were seeded in ultra-low attachment plates at a density of 100K cells/mL. After 7-10 days, the cultures were analyzed for tumorsphere formation. The acrylamide-terminated CD44-binding peptide RLVSYNGIIFFLK was synthesized in the solid phase by Fmoc chemistry. 4T1 cell-laden SPELA gels were produced by photopolymerization and cultured in CSCS medium. At each time point, samples were analyzed by fluorescent microscopy and mRNA analysis for the formation of CSCs. Data and Results: The 4T1 CSCs were characterized by inoculation in the back of Balb/c mice. 500 CSCs inoculated in mice formed larger tumors in mice than 50,000 tumor cells after 14 days. When tumor cells were encapsulated in the inert SPELA gel matrix, tumorspheres began to form and continued to grow in size with incubation, but tumorsphere formation strongly depended on the gel modulus. For example, tumorsphere size in gels with moduli in the 5-10 kPa range increased from 25 to 100, and 225 after 2, 6, and 10 days of incubation. Interestingly, the covalent attachment of CD44 ligand to the inert gel prevented the formation of tumorspheres and maintenance of CSCs. Inert engineered matrices are very powerful tools for understanding the effect of tumor microenvironment on maintenance of CSCs and tumorsphere formation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-492. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-492
Abstract 4652: Proteomic profiling of platinum based anticancer drugs.
Authors: Petr Dzubak, Tomas Ozdian, Dusan Holub, Gabriela Rylova, Jiri Rehulka, Madhusudhan kollareddy, Daniela Mlcuchova, Marian Hajduch
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Carboplatin, cisplatin and oxaliplatin are structurally similar anticancer drugs and their mechanism of action is permanent coordination to DNA and interfering with DNA repair. However, these drugs have different anticancer activities in human tumors, adverse effects and dose limiting toxicities. Therefore, we performed complex proteomic profiling in order to characterize cellular effects of all three platinum based anticancer drugs. To identify the molecular basis of different pharmacological properties, expressional characteristics of cells exposed to vincristine and daunorubicin were used in parallel as prototypes of drugs with different mechanism of action. T-lymphoblastic leukemia CCRF-CEM cells were treated with 5x IC50 concentrations of individual drugs for time equivalent to half-time to induction apoptosis. Untreated (control) cells were cultured with heavy amino acid labeled media in order to enable relative quantification of peptide expression using SILAC technology, LC-MS/MS and LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF. Results were processed by Proteinscape software equipped by Mascot and Phenyx analytical algorithms. We identified 646 ± 133 proteins by ESI and 312 ± 85 proteins by MALDI in average of all fifteen replicates. Identified results were further processed by in-house written script to remove outlier peptides and to normalize individual runs. All replicates were summed, and statistic analysis was done. To see up- and down- regulated proteins, the hierarchical clustering and PCA analysis was performed. Hierarchical clustering revealed that cisplatin and carboplatin shares the same cluster what is conclusive with literature. Surprisingly, the cluster of daunorubicin and vincristine was close to cisplatin and carboplatin and the oxaliplatin was in the separated cluster from rest of four drugs. PCA analysis revealed 30 proteins with contribution higher than 1 %. The highest contribution (7.5 %) to drug clustering have proteins involved in DNA remodeling. These proteins could be used as specific biomarkers of therapy by platinum based compounds. Citation Format: Petr Dzubak, Tomas Ozdian, Dusan Holub, Gabriela Rylova, Jiri Rehulka, Madhusudhan kollareddy, Daniela Mlcuchova, Marian Hajduch. Proteomic profiling of platinum based anticancer drugs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4652. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4652
Effects of psychosocial stress on endothelium-mediated dilation of atherosclerotic arteries in cynomolgus monkeys.
Authors: J K Williams, J R Kaplan, S B Manuck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The objectives of this study were to determine if psychosocial stress impairs dilation through endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)-mediated mechanisms and if this effect is long lasting. Monkeys were fed an atherogenic diet for 36 mo while in one of three experimental conditions: (a) stable social groups ("unstressed," n = 6); (b) unstable social groups for the first half of the experiment and stable groups for the second half ("early stress," n = 8); and (c) stable groups for the first half of the experiment and unstable groups for the second half ("late stress," n = 6). Iliac arteries were studied in organ chambers containing Krebs' buffer and 10(-6) M indomethacin. Arteries from the late stress group had impaired dilation (shift of the dose-response curve down and to the right) to acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore A23187 (for both, P < 0.05), but not to nitroprusside (P > 0.05), compared with unstressed or early stress monkeys. NG-methyl-L-arginine reduced the dose-response curve to both acetylcholine and A23187 in the unstressed group and resulted in similar vascular responses among all three groups (P > 0.05). We conclude that current, but not previous, exposure to chronic stress impairs endothelium-mediated dilation of atherosclerotic iliac arteries of cynomolgus monkeys through an EDRF-mediated mechanism.
Drug related deaths continue to rise in the UK
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Nanomaterials are used in a variety of fields and toxicity assessment is paramount for their development and application. Although most toxicity assessments have been performed in 2D (2-Dimensional) cell culture, the inability to adequately replicate the <i>in vivo</i> environment and toxicity is a limitation. To overcome the limitation, a 3D (3-Dimensional) cell culture method has been developed to make an environment closer to an <i>in vivo</i> system. In this study, 20 nm SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were dispersed in serum-containing (SC) and serum-free (SF) media to compare 2D cell culture and 3D cell culture toxicity. The cells were subjected to a 3D cell culture method in which HepG2, a human-derived liver cancer cell line, was mixed on a scaffold. We found that nanoparticles induced toxicity in 2D cell culture, but toxicity was not observed in 3D cell culture similar to <i>in vivo</i> environment. However, differences in toxicity were observed between the three types of scaffolds in the absence of serum as the number of cells decreased.
Risk Adjusting Community Rated Health Plan Premiums: A Survey of Risk Assessment Literature and Policy Applications
Authors: Mita Giacomini, Harold S. Luft, James C. Robinson
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1995)

This paper surveys recent health care reform debates and empirical evidence regarding the potential role for risk adjusters in addressing the problem of competitive risk segmentation under capitated financing. We discuss features of health plan markets affecting risk selection, methodological considerations in measuring it, and alternative approaches to financial correction for risk differentials. The appropriate approach to assessing risk differences between health plans depends upon the nature of market risk selection allowed under a given reform scenario. Because per capita costs depend on a health plan's population risk, efficiency, and quality of service, risk adjustment will most strongly promote efficiency in environments with commensurately strong incentives for quality care.
Multiple Concordant Abnormalities in 79-Year-Old Identical Twins
Authors: Lewis M. Schiffer
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE CONCORDANT occurrence of disease and physical abnormalities in identical twins has been the subject of numerous reports. As far as we can determine, however, the 79-year-old identical twin sisters which we now present have a unique combination of illnesses. They both have pernicious anemia, peripheral facial nerve palsy, small bowel diverticula, and an asymptomatic sliding hiatus hernia. In addition, they both have had a benign intraductal papilloma of the breast and probably have had toxemia of pregnancy. Proof of their monozygosity is offered by means of skin cross-transplantation and identity of blood group factors.  Report of Cases  Case 1.—  A 79-year-old woman states that in 1907 at the age of 25 she had convulsions before and during labor. In 1948 she suddenly developed a left peripheral facial nerve paralysis (Fig. 1). An upper gastrointestinal x-ray study in 1954 revealed the presence of several duodenal diverticula, and a sliding hiatus
A novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of Z 1-antitrypsin related emphysema
Authors: J Goldring
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Mahadeva R, Atkinson C, Li Z, et al . Polymers of Z α1-antitrypsin co-localize with neutrophils in emphysematous alveoli and are chemotactic in vivo. Am J Pathol2005;166:377–86 [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2][Web of Science][3] Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AT) is the predominant proteinase inhibitor in the lung. There are many abnormal variants of AT, and the Z form is one of the most frequently encountered. Z-AT is prone to polymerisation and the polymeric form aggregates in the liver, causing a plasma deficiency, while monomeric Z-AT is a less effective proteinase inhibitor than normal AT. … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAmerican%2BJournal%2BOf%2BPathology%26rft.stitle%253DAm.%2BJ.%2BPathol.%26rft.issn%253D0002-9440%26rft.aulast%253DMahadeva%26rft.auinit1%253DR.%26rft.volume%253D166%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D377%26rft.epage%253D386%26rft.atitle%253DPolymers%2Bof%2BZ%2B%257Balpha%257D1-Antitrypsin%2BCo-Localize%2Bwith%2BNeutrophils%2Bin%2BEmphysematous%2BAlveoli%2Band%2BAre%2BChemotactic%2Bin%2BVivo%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15681822%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15681822&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F5%2F432.atom [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000226743000005&link_type=ISI
TRPC3 Channels Are Required for Synaptic Transmission and Motor Coordination
Authors: Jana Hartmann, Elena Dragicevic, Helmuth Adelsberger, Horst A. Henning, Martin Sumser, Joel Abramowitz, Robert Blum, Alexander Dietrich, Marc Freichel, Veit Flockerzi, Lutz Birnbaumer, Arthur Konnerth
Journal: Neuron (2008)
INFLUENCE OF ANTITOXIN STATISTICS.
Authors: EDWIN ROSENTHAL
Journal: JAMA (1899)

No feature is so conspicuous that proves the specific character of antitoxin as a remedy in diphtheria, as its influence on the mortality records of a city. The<i>Berliner Medicinische Wochenschrift</i>was the first to attempt a collective investigation in this direction, and the table so collected and published showed such remarkable results as to become the most potent factor in an argument. Statistics, to become of value, must be truthful, not only as regards figures, but they must take into consideration the difficult elements that control them. For instance, we should take into consideration under what auspices they were begun, and for what purpose; whether they be the result of certain conditions always the same, or unequal, as an epidemic, or not; again, whether they are the result of a collective body—as the American Pediatric Society—whose purposes are to obtain truths, or whether they be the result of the
Banning Smoking in Public Places
Authors: Mark D. Eisner
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
END-RESULTS OF OPERATION FOR CORRECTION OF DROP-FOOT
Authors: WILLIS C. CAMPBELL
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Drop-foot is the inability to dorsiflex the ankle joint or foot, and is the result of any agent that impairs or abolishes the muscular power in the anterior group of leg muscles. The etiologic factors are: destructive changes in the muscles and tendons, toxic neuritis, as in lead poisoning, trauma to the external popliteal nerve, spastic paralysis and, most frequently, poliomyelitis, or infantile paralysis. Drop-foot may be simple, when only the anterior muscles of the leg are involved, or it may be associated with varus, valgus or flail-foot, if loss of muscle power is more extensive. As the anterior muscles of the leg are more frequently paralyzed than any other muscle group as a sequela of poliomyelitis, inability to dorsiflex the foot is a very common disability. In June, 1923, I<sup>1</sup>described before the American Orthopedic Association a surgical operation for the correction of drop-foot in connection with other
LOCATING FISTULÆ IN THE LOWER INTESTINAL TRACT BY INJECTING HYDROGEN DIOXID THROUGH THE ANUS.
Authors: H. A. ROYSTER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

It occasionally happens that in operating for the closure of a fecal fistula the surgeon encounters much difficulty, or even failure, in finding the aperture in the bowel. Especially is this likely to occur when the field of operation is a network of adhesions and the intestinal opening is obscured by blood. To illustrate such a difficulty and to suggest, if possible, a way out of it, I report the following case, in which the technic, so far as known, was original. <h3>Patient.</h3> —In 1903, Miss J., aged 22, had a hysterectomy performed. During this operation the sigmoid flexure was injured, and, though the abdominal wound apparently healed, after a year there appeared a small opening in the lower end through which was discharged pus and fecal matter. This persisted for several months, with no tendency to close under the usual methods of treatment. In the latter part of 1904,
ABC of eyes. Acute visual disturbance.
Authors: A. R. Elkington, P. T. Khaw
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Disciform macular degeneration* Sudden disturbance of central vision In assessing a patient who has experienced an acute disturbance of vision in an uninflamed eye an accurate history is crucial, because it may be that a longstanding visual defect has only just been noticed by the patient.It is important to make this differentiation as this alters the range of diagnoses and the urgency of treatment.Acute visual disturbance of unknown cause requires urgent referral.In many cases the diagnosis may be made from the history.Symptoms of floaters or flashing lights suggest a vitreous detachment, a vitreous haemorrhage, or a retinal detachment.Horizontal field loss usually indicates a retinal vascular problem, whereas a vertical defect suggests an abnormality posterior to the optic chiasm.If there is central field loss ("I can't see things in the centre") there may be a disorder at the macula.Associated symptoms such as headache may indicate giant cell arteritis or migraine.The visual acuity gives a strong clue to the diagnosis.A total lack of perception of light indicates complete occlusion of either the central retinal artery or the arteries supplying the head of the optic nerve.The nature of the field defect gives clues as outlined above.Obstruction of the red reflex on ophthalmoscopy suggests a vitreous haemorrhage, although the patient may have a pre-existing cataract.The appearances of the macula, remaining retina, and head of the optic nerve will indicate the diagnosis if there has been a haemorrhage or arterial or venous occlusion in these areas.
Acyclovir for Recurrent Herpes Simplex Virus Ocular Disease
Authors: Douglas A. Jabs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Eye disease due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common infectious cause of corneal blindness in the industrialized world.1 In a long-term study in Rochester, Minnesota,2,3 the incidence of new cases of ocular HSV infection was 8.4 per 100,000 person-years and the incidence of both new and recurrent episodes was 20.7 per 100,000 person-years. Extrapolation of these data suggests that there are approximately 50,000 new and recurrent cases of ocular HSV disease annually in the United States and that about 400,000 Americans have had ocular herpetic disease. Involvement of the epithelium, the superficial layer of the cornea, . . .