tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Group Therapy with Elderly Patients
Authors: Gabriella Ba
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

In our research we try to suggest a type of group therapy for elderly patients to favor the communication process and to make the patient acquire an active role in the group. The group has an open structure with weekly sessions that last one hour and a half each. The group is conducted by therapists who coordinate the work, acting as stimulus and supporting the relationship between the patients. It is composed of 8 patients, some of whom have been inpatients of the department while others were sent by territorial social service. Age is not the only component for selection; above all, problems regarding loneliness, difficulties in interpersonal relationships and consequent loss of contact and interest in the other are considered.
A third of pharmacies give poor advice, survey finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

An undercover investigation has found that staff in UK pharmacies are giving unsuitable and potentially dangerous advice about some common illnesses and drugs. The problem is particularly bad in independently owned pharmacies, where half of the advice was judged to be poor.

Recent years have seen pharmacists take on a wider public health role, with many giving advice on minor ailments and checking for health problems, says Which? (the consumer organisation). In May it sent undercover investigators into 101 pharmacies across the United Kingdom—including chains such as Boots and supermarkets—to test the competence of staff.

The investigators acted out one of three different scenarios in each …
CLINICAL METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF TOTAL NITROGEN AND AMMONIANITROGEN IN URINE
Authors: JACOB ROSENBLOOM
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The value of the determination of the so-called "ammonia coefficient" is well known to all workers in clinical medicine. One of the drawbacks to the more universal use of this determination has been the necessity of a fairly well-equipped laboratory for its performance. The following simplified titration methods for the estimation of the total nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen of urine depends on the fact that when a neutral solution of an ammonium salt is treated with formaldehyd, combination occurs with the formation of hexamethylenetetramin and the liberation of a corresponding amount of acid which can be titrated with tenth-normal sodium hydroxid. The reaction is as follows: 4NH<sub>4</sub>Cl +6H.CHO+4NaOH=(CH2)<sub>6</sub>N<sub>4</sub>+10H<sub>2</sub>O+4NaCl. I have found that the methods to be described are sufficiently accurate for clinical needs and may be carried out in the most modest laboratory. <h3>METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF TOTAL NITROGEN OF URINE1</h3>
Not Just for Workers: Maternal Exposure to Ambient Benzene Linked to Spina Bifida in Infants
Authors: Julia R. Barrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The Role of Diesel Particulate Matter in Lung InflammationDiesel particulate matter (DPM) is a nearly ubiquitous environmental pollutant.It is known to be inflammatory and is linked to a plethora of health effects including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.New research sheds light on which components of DPM are harmful to the lung and what mechanisms they trigger [EHP 119(3):332-336; Reynolds et al.].The authors focused on receptors for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), cell-surface proteins expressed in many cell types.Previous research performed in the same laboratory documented that RAGE can be activated in response to cellular stress resulting from exposure to particles in cigarette smoke.The authors hypothesized that exposure to DPM generated by fuel combustion could induce RAGE in the epithelial cells lining the lungs.The team studied effects of DPM exposure in human primary pulmonary epithelial cells and R3/1 cells, an immortalized aveolar type 1 cell line derived from rats.They found that the quantities of RAGE messenger RNA and protein increased by approximately 100% in both cell types after exposure to DPM for 2 hours, compared with controls.By demonstrating that RAGE is indeed upregulated following exposure to DPM, the authors identified a surface signaling mechanism involved in inflammatory responses triggered by DPM exposure.From there, the scientists identified some of the downstream signaling effects associated with RAGE upregulation.Their gene reporter experiments showed DPM exposure caused significant translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a potent proinflammatory mediator, into the nucleus of R3/1 cells, where it can promote the expression of more than 200 genes.Through experiments involving the inhibition of RAGE with small interfering RNA (siRNA), the team confirmed that DPM-induced NF-κB activation is mediated in part by RAGE expression.The scientists also documented that exposure to DPM increased the synthesis and secretion of two NF-κB targets (IL-8, a chemokine, and MCP-1, a cytokine) by the R/31 cells.These molecules were secreted to a lesser extent, but were not completely inhibited, in cells transfected with siRNA for RAGE prior to DPM exposure, which suggests other factors and pathways also are involved in inflammatory responses to DPM.The new research is also significant for contradicting conventional wisdom that only "fresh" DPM is biologically active.The work suggests that even "aged" DPM that has been suspended in the atmosphere for more than a decade is capable of biological activity, which has important public health implications given the abundance of this pollutant in the atmosphere.Kellyn S. Betts has written about environmental contaminants, hazards, and technology for solving environmental problems for publications including EHP and Environmental Science & Technology for more than a dozen years.
A Study of the Relationship between Unipolar Leads and Spatial Vectorcardiograms, Using the Panoramic Vectorcardiograph
Authors: WILLIAM R. MILNOR, SAMUEL A. TALBOT, ELLIOT V. NEWMAN
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The extent to which precordial and other unipolar leads are influenced by the proximity of the exploring electrode to one part or another of the heart is the subject of considerable debate. Oneapproach to the problem is to determine how closely precordial leads can be predicted from spatialvectorcardiograms recorded by leads relatively remote from the heart. The panoramic vector-cardiograph described below provides a convenient way of doing this, since it automatically records scalar derivations from the vectorcardiogram for any spatial axis. Results indicate that local effects are not the predominant factor in determining the form of the complexes in precordial leads.
MHC class II tetramers identify peptide-specific human CD4+ T cells proliferating in response to influenza A antigen
Authors: Erik J. Novak, Andrew W. Liu, Gerald T. Nepom, William W. Kwok
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Antigen-specific T helper cells present in peripheral blood at very low frequencies are capable of rapid clonal expansion during antigenic challenge. The exquisite specificity of this response provides for activation and expansion of a very select cohort of T cells, a feature we have used to directly identify and quantify human epitope-specific T helper cells from peripheral blood. Soluble tetramerized class II MHC molecules, loaded with an immunodominant peptide from hemagglutinin (HA) and labeled with fluorescent dyes, were constructed and used to directly identify antigen-specific T cells from influenza-immune individuals. After 7 days of proliferation in response to stimulation by HA peptide or whole influenza vaccine, cells staining positive with the HA tetramer had undergone between 6 and 9 divisions and were CD3+, CD4+, CD25+, and CD8–, characteristic of activated T helper cells responding to antigen. The HA epitope-specific component of the complex response to whole influenza vaccine represented a major subset of proliferating T helper cells. Soluble class II tetramers allow a direct approach for the analysis of immunodominant antigenic specificities. The identification of antigen-specific T helper cells in the peripheral blood provides a means for tracking the immune response against infectious agents and in autoimmune disease.
The Face in Genetic Disorders
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1971)

As more and more genetic disorders are recognized, and new hereditary syndromes discovered, the practicing physician can encounter great difficulty in learning their salient features, as well as in recognizing them. This new excellent atlas, after a brief introductory section on genetic principles and on counseling, presents data on 75 genetic disorders. Some of these are familiar, others quite rare, but in the aggregate they give a splendid survey of hereditary conditions which affect the face. For each disorder the authors provide excellent photographs, always depicting the face, and other parts of the body if affected. On facing pages are summaries of important information about the conditions, including history, clinical features, genetic aspects, diagnosis, and treatment, together with some key references. The book can be highly recommended for all clinicians, regardless of their type of practice.
A 1‐year, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind house‐dust‐mite immunotherapy study in asthmatic adults
Authors: O. T. Olsen, K. R. Larsen, L. Jacobsen, U. G. Svendsen
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Thirty‐one adult patients with asthma caused by house‐dust mites (HDM) were included in this placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy (SIT) with biologically standardized extracts of HDM. The specific diagnosis was confirmed by skin prick tests, specific IgE, and bronchial provocation tests with HDM allergens. The patients were randomized to receive active treatment with extracts of either Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) or D. farinae (Dfa) (Alutard® SQ, ALK, Denmark) or placebo injections. Twenty‐three patients completed the study. After 1 year of treatment, we found a clinically important and significant reduction in both asthma medicine consumption (inhaled steroids 38% and p2–agonists 46%) and symptom score (57%) in the actively treated group, but not the placebo group. These findings were confirmed by a significant decrease in skin and bronchial sensitivity to HDM in the active group. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the patients' scores for effect in favor of the actively treated group. Total IgE and specific IgE to HDM showed no significant changes before and after treatment for either group. Spirometric lung‐function measurements showed a significant increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) from 85% before to 89% of predicted values after treatment for the actively treated group. Peak‐flow measurements at home showed no significant changes during the study. It is concluded that allergen SIT is an effective treatment in adult patients suffering from asthma due to HDM.
Spain may legalise assisted suicide, health minister says
Authors: T. Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Spain may see the legalisation of assisted suicide in the near future if proposed reforms of the law are carried out, the country’s health minister has said.

End of life care in Spain is due for a major overhaul, said the minister, Bernat Soria, in an interview in the daily newspaper El Pais (www.elpais.com, 7 Sep, “Tu cuerpo es tuyo, eso es socialista” (“Your body is yours—that is socialist”). The reforms, which may include the legalisation of assisted suicide, are intended to …
A Practical Text-Book of The Diseases of Women.
Authors: Arthur Hamilton Nicholson Lewers
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhalation toxicology of automotive emissions as affected by an oxidation exhaust catalyst.
Authors: D K Hysell, W Moore, R Hinners, M Malanchuk, R Miller, J F Stara
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Preliminary data are given on the acute inhalation toxicology of automotive emissions as affected by an oxidation exhaust catalyst. The catalyst effectively reduced CO and HC in the exhause which apparently had an effect (at least in a closed exposure system) on oxidant and NO2 levels by altering the HC/NOx ratio. There was a resultant reduction in biological effects due to the exposure. The catalyst altered the type of particulate to one which probably contained sulfuric acid as a major component. No evidence was present in these acute exposures to suggest a toxic response due to the higher sulfate emissions or possible catalyst attrition products. The effects of long-term exposure have not yet been investigated.
A conversation with Christine Seidman
Authors: Ushma S. Neill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Medical School has uncovered the genetic basis of many human cardiovascular disorders, from cardiomyopathy and heart failure to congenital heart malformations.Here, Seidman (Figure 1) speaks about her early intrigue with atrial natriuretic factor and her more current gene-intensive investigations.The full interview, with many more stories about her interest in the ear, an early inspirational patient, and her thoughts on work-life balance, can be seen on the JCI website, http://www.jci.org/kiosk/cgm.JCI: Can you start by telling us where you grew up, about your parents, and about your early interests in science?Seidman: I was born in Kalamazoo, Michigan, but I moved because my father was transferred to New York, and I grew up on Long Island.Subsequently, I went to high school there and went on to college at Harvard University, and then went on medical school at George Washington in DC.I
Estrogen Receptor Assay
Authors: Charles K. Tashima
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Kiang and Kennedy (238:59-60, 1977) have presented an interesting idea that may prove to be useful in the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinomas of unknown primary site. Unfortunately, however, the evidence offered hardly appears to justify their claim that positive estrogen receptor assays can indicate that metastases arose from breast cancer.  Of the 295 patients in whom estrogen receptor assays were performed, only 45 patients had cancers of other origin besides breast. A total of six patients with colon cancer is certainly not a substantial sample from which to draw any conclusions, particularly in view of reports such as that of McClendon et al,1who found estrogen receptor protein in five of 21 colonic neoplasms.  A review of the five case reports in Kiang and Kennedy's article shows extenuating circumstances that prevent justification of their claim. In case 1, the only evidence that the patient might have
Recombinant Factor VIIa and Thromboembolic Events
Authors: Richard P. Dutton, Deborah M. Stein, John R. Hess, Thomas M. Scalea
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Extent and determinants of error in doctors' prognoses in terminally ill patients: prospective cohort study Commentary: Why do doctors overestimate? Commentary: Prognoses should be based on proved indices not intuition
Authors: N. A Christakis
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To describe doctors9 prognostic accuracy in terminally ill patients and to evaluate the determinants of that accuracy. <b>Design:</b> Prospective cohort study <b>Setting:</b> Five outpatient hospice programmes in Chicago <b>Participants:</b> 343 doctors provided survival estimates for 468 terminally ill patients at the time of hospice referral <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Patients9 estimated and actual survival. <b>Results:</b> Median survival was 24 days. Only 20% (92/468) of predictions were accurate (within 33% of actual survival); 63% (295/468) were overoptimistic and 17% (81/468) were overpessimistic. Overall, doctors overestimated survival by a factor of 5.3. Few patient or doctor characteristics were associated with prognostic accuracy. Male patients were 58% less likely to have overpessimistic predictions. Non-oncology medical specialists were 326% more likely than general internists to make overpessimistic predictions. Doctors in the upper quartile of practice experience were the most accurate. As duration of doctor-patient relationship increased and time since last contact decreased, prognostic accuracy decreased. <b>Conclusion:</b> Doctors are inaccurate in their prognoses for terminally ill patients and the error is systematically optimistic. The inaccuracy is, in general, not restricted to certain kinds of doctors or patients. These phenomena may be adversely affecting the quality of care given to patients near the end of life
Unlocking Clinical Data from Narrative Reports: A Study of Natural Language Processing
Authors: George Hripcsak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To evaluate the automated detection of clinical conditions described in narrative reports. Design: Automated methods and human experts detected the presence or absence of six clinical conditions in 200 admission chest radiograph reports. Study Subjects: A computerized, general-purpose natural language processor; 6 internists; 6 radiologists; 6 lay persons; and 3 other computer methods. Main Outcome Measures: Intersubject disagreement was quantified by “distance” (the average number of clinical conditions per report on which two subjects disagreed) and by sensitivity and specificity with respect to the physicians. Results: Using a majority vote, physicians detected 101 conditions in the 200 reports (0.51 per report); the most common condition was acute bacterial pneumonia (prevalence, 0.14), and the least common was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (prevalence, 0.03). Pairs of physicians disagreed on the presence of at least 1 condition for an average of 20% of reports. The average intersubject distance among physicians was 0.24 (95% CI, 0.19 to 0.29) out of a maximum possible distance of 6. No physician had a significantly greater distance than the average. The average distance of the natural language processor from the physicians was 0.26 (CI, 0.21 to 0.32; not significantly greater than the average among physicians). Lay persons and alternative computer methods had significantly greater distance from the physicians (all >0.5). The natural language processor had a sensitivity of 81% (CI, 73% to 87%) and a specificity of 98% (CI, 97% to 99%); physicians had an average sensitivity of 85% and an average specificity of 98%. Conclusions: Physicians disagreed on the interpretation of narrative reports, but this was not caused by outlier physicians or a consistent difference in the way internists and radiologists read reports. The natural language processor was not distinguishable from the physicians and was superior to all other comparison subjects. Although the domain of this study was restricted (six clinical conditions in chest radiographs), natural language processing seems to have the potential to extract clinical information from narrative reports in a manner that will support automated decision-support and clinical research.
Increased Hepatic Iron and Cirrhosis: No Evidence for An Adverse Effect on Patient Outcome Following Liver Transplantation
Authors: Katherine A. Stuart, Linda M. Fletcher, Andrew D. Clouston, Steve V. Lynch, David M. Purdie, Paul Kerlin, Darrell H.G. Crawford
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

It has been suggested that preexisting severe hepatic iron overload may adversely affect outcome after liver transplantation. The pathogenesis of iron overload in cirrhosis in the absence of hemochromatosis gene (HFE) mutations is poorly understood. The relationships between liver disease severity and etiology, degree of hepatic iron overload, and post-liver transplantation outcome were studied in 282 consecutive adult patients with cirrhosis. Thirty-seven percent of patients had stainable hepatic iron. Increased hepatic iron concentration was significantly associated with more severe liver disease (P<.001), male sex (P = .05), the presence of spur cell anemia (P<.0001), and hepatocellular liver disease (P<.0001). The HFE mutations were uncommon in patients with increased hepatic iron stores. Increased hepatic iron concentration was not associated with greater utilization of resources or a lower survival after liver transplantation. Child-Pugh score at the time of liver transplantation was the only independent variable affecting patient survival (P = .0008). In summary, our data suggest that the severity of the liver disease rather than hepatic iron concentration is the most important determinant of outcome after liver transplantation and that, in general, increasing hepatic iron concentration in cirrhosis is a surrogate marker of the severity of the underlying liver disease.
Treatment of Barbiturate Dependence
Authors: Douglas Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> I must point out that the brief report "New Treatment of Barbiturate Dependence" by D. E. Smith, MD and D. R. Wesson, MD (<i>JAMA</i><b>213</b>:294, 1970), is in no sense a new form of treatment for barbiturate dependence, nor are any fresh ideas regarding the "abstinence syndrome" presented. The subject was exhaustively treated in<i>The Barbiturate Withdrawal Syndrome</i>by M. H. Wulff in 1959 (Copenhagen, Einar Munksgaard Forlag). Wulff describes adequately the manifestation-withdrawal syndrome and its treatment with phenobarbital substitution in gradually diminishing dosage. It is noted that the dosage of phenobarbital indicated in the report of Smith and Wesson seems unnecessarily high. The technique of Wulff has received wide application in this country, particularly since his monograph appeared as a supplement to the journal,<i>Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology</i>. The technique has also been described with proper reference to Wulff's work in the book by