tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Physical Activity With Vascular Endothelial Function and Intima-Media Thickness
Authors: Katja Pahkala, Olli J. Heinonen, Olli Simell, Jorma S.A. Viikari, Tapani Rönnemaa, Harri Niinikoski, Olli T. Raitakari
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Impairment of vascular endothelial function and increased intima-media thickness (IMT) are important early steps in atherogenesis. Longitudinal data on the effect of physical activity on endothelial function and IMT in healthy adolescents are lacking. We investigated prospectively the association of leisure-time physical activity with endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation; FMD) and aortic IMT in adolescents.FMD and IMT were measured with ultrasonography at 13 (n=553), 15 (n=531), and 17 (n=494) years of age in adolescents participating in a longitudinal atherosclerosis prevention study (Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for Children). Mean aortic IMT, maximum FMD, and total FMD response (area under the dilatation curve 40 to 180 seconds after hyperemia) were calculated. Leisure-time physical activity was assessed with a questionnaire, and metabolic equivalent (MET) hours per week of leisure-time physical activity were calculated by multiplying weekly mean exercise intensity, duration, and frequency. Leisure-time physical activity was directly associated with endothelial function (P for maximum FMD=0.0021, P for total FMD response=0.0036) and inversely with IMT (P=0.011) after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein/total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and C-reactive protein and regarding FMD brachial artery diameter. Sedentary adolescents who increased their leisure-time physical activity from <5 to >5 (IMT) or >30 (maximum FMD) MET h/wk between 13 and 17 years of age had an increased maximum FMD (P=0.031) and decreased progression of IMT (P=0.047) compared with adolescents who remained sedentary. IMT progression was attenuated in persistently active adolescents compared with those who became sedentary (P=0.0072).Physical activity is favorably associated with endothelial function and IMT in adolescents. Importantly, a moderate increase in physical activity is related to decreased progression of IMT. A physically active lifestyle seems to prevent the development of subclinical atherosclerotic vascular changes in healthy adolescents. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00223600 (STRIP19902010).
Enhancement of mononuclear procoagulant activity by platelet 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid.
Authors: R Lorenzet, J Niemetz, A J Marcus, M J Broekman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Platelets induce generation of procoagulant tissue factor activity (TFa) by mononuclear leukocytes, and also enhance the TFa induced by endotoxin. Our present investigation demonstrated that arachidonic acid, which by itself had no effect on mononuclear TFa, greatly enhanced platelet-induced TFa. The effect was concentration dependent for both platelets and arachidonate (1-20 microM); other fatty acids tested were inactive. The enhancing effect of arachidonate was more pronounced if platelets were exposed to aspirin, suggesting lipoxygenase product involvement. Production of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) was demonstrated biochemically in aspirin-treated platelet/arachidonate/mononuclear cell preparations that generated high levels of TFa. The enhancing role of 12-HETE was verified as follows. Addition of platelet-derived or synthetic 12-HETE amplified endotoxin-induced TFa more than threefold. Other lipoxygenase products were inactive. Enhancement of mononuclear cell TFa by 12-HETE represents a newly described biological function for this eicosanoid in cell-cell interactions between platelets and mononuclear cells.
Multiple lipomas in pregnancy.
Authors: P S Benny, J MacVicar
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In order to monitor CD8 cell immunity it is essential to know the peptide determinant(s) of the antigen that these T cells recognize. Relevant peptide determinants of antigens were initially identified through characterization of T cell lines or hybridomas, but more recently they are increasingly predicted based on MHC-peptide binding algorithms. Systematic, brute force testing of the actually engaged CD8 T cell repertoire <i>ex vivo</i> is an alternative approach, but has been challenging due to (a) the large number of candidate peptides for even simple antigens, (b) the volume of blood required for testing these peptides, and (c) the scope of effort being at the border of feasibility. To highlight the utility of ELISPOT to perform such epitope mapping, we performed a feasibility study in which PBMC from HCMV infected, <i>HLA-A*02:01</i> subjects were assessed for reactivity against the 553 individual nonamer peptides that encompass the entire HCMV pp65 protein. Reactivity against a single peptide of the HCMV pp65 protein, pp65<sub>495–503,</sub> was of particular interest because numerous reports have indicated that this peptide is immunodominant in <i>HLA-A*02:01</i> subjects. Strikingly, our epitope mapping showed that pp65<sub>495–503</sub> was immunodominant in only a fraction of our HLA-A*02:01, HCMV infected test subjects. Instead, responses to pp65<sub>495–503</sub> were either subdominant or absent in other <i>HLA-A*02:01</i>, HCMV infected test subjects. In the latter subjects, other peptides of pp65 elicited robust responses, providing further confirmation of HCMV status. Collectively, our findings suggest that systematic testing against all potential epitopes of the antigen of interest is both feasible and is needed for reliably monitoring of T cell immunity.
Abstract 5596: Enhanced anti-tumor effect of combination therapy with anti-CD40 antibody and the mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD8055
Authors: Qun Jiang, Jonathan M. Weiss, John R. Ortaldo, Timothy Back, Sylvie Guichard, Anjan Thakurta, Robert H. Wiltrout
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract mTOR signaling, which plays a central role in controlling cell cell proliferation, survival, mobility and angiogenesis, is considered an important target for new anticancer drugs development. The involvement of the CD40/CD154 signaling pathway has also been reported to play an important role in regulating anti-tumor immune responses. In this study, using a first-in-class orally bioavailable mTOR kinase inhibitor, AZD8055, which, unlike rapamycin, can inhibit both mTORC1 and mTORC2, we evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy of mTOR kinase inhibitor treatment alone in a murine model of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (Renca) and compared biological responses achieved by administering AZD8055 as a single agent to those obtained in combination with agonistic anti-CD40 antibody. In vitro survival assays showed that Renca cell apoptosis could be induced by AZD8055. In vivo, although both agents administered alone had some anti-tumor efficacy, the combination of AZD8055 and CD40 Ab induced a significant anti-tumor response in both intra-renal and intra-splenic inoculations model of renal cell carcinoma, as compared to single agent treatments. The combination treatment, also resulted in an increase and activation of tumor- and liver-associated macrophages, NK cells and CD8 T cells in vivo. AZD8055/anti-CD40 treatment also increased the level of systemic Th1 cytokines, including IL-12, IFN-γ, TNFα. IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells and TNFα production by macrophages were also found to be elevated in the AZD8055/anti-CD40 combination treated-group, compared with any single treatment group. Furthermore, the expression of Th1-associated chemokines, RANTES and IP10, were significantly induced in the combination treated-group. These data suggest that the combination of mTOR kinase targeting agents with immunotherapy could be an area of further development in renal cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5596.
Is cowpox misnamed? A review of 10 human cases.
Authors: D Baxby
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Twelve separate outbreaks of confirmed cowpox, 10 involving humans, were reviewed. Six of the patients, including three children, had severe infections and five were admitted to hospital. In three outbreaks both people and cows were affected but it was not known how the infections entered the herds. In seven outbreaks no direct contact with cattle was established and clinical and serological examination failed to show evidence of cowpox in the bovine population. Comparison of these data with information about infections known to be enzootic in cattle leads to the suggestion that cows are not the natural reservoir of cowpox. This should be remembered when diagnosis is considered. The role of small wild animals as hosts and vectors of "cowpox" should be investigated.
Pioneering gastroenterologist is accused of faking study results
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An award winning researcher who pioneered the use of laser scanning confocal endomicroscopy in the United Kingdom to detect and treat early bowel cancer faked the results of a study published in the journal Gut , a General Medical Council panel was told this week.

Paul Hurlstone, a consultant gastroenterologist at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust until August 2008, was the lead author on the study, published in February 2008.

His research was featured on the BBC News website and in the Health Service Journal . But the paper was retracted at the request of all the authors in November …
Relationships of fasting and postload glucose levels to sex and alcohol consumption. Are American Diabetes Association criteria biased against detection of diabetes in women?
Authors: J Pomerleau, P M McKeigue, N Chaturvedi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To compare, in men and women, the prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes assessed using criteria from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) and to investigate risk factors associated with fasting and 2-h postload plasma glucose. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from two companion surveys of Europeans, South Asians, and Afro-Caribbeans in west London were used. A total of 4,367 men and women aged 40-64 years who were not known to have diabetes underwent an oral glucose tolerance test after an overnight fast. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated using the ADA (fasting plasma glucose &amp;gt; or = 7.0 mmol/l) and WHO (2-h postload glucose &amp;gt; or = 11.1 mmol/l) criteria for epidemiologic studies. The association of body fat and usual alcohol intake with plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence was assessed. RESULTS: Compared with the WHO criterion, the ADA criterion gave a higher prevalence of diabetes in men (6.4 vs. 4.7%) but a lower prevalence in women (3.3 vs. 4.2%). In Afro-Caribbeans, the sex difference in diabetes prevalence was reversed. Women had significantly lower fasting glucose than men despite higher 2-h glucose levels. Alcohol intake was positively associated with fasting glucose in men and women but not with 2-h glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS: The new ADA criterion, based on fasting glucose alone, does not take account of sex differences in metabolic response to fasting or possible artifactual effects on fasting glucose. With the ADA criterion, alcohol intake was a significant risk factor for diabetes in our study population; this was not the case with the WHO criterion.
Case 24-1964
Authors: Daniel D. Federman, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

Presentation of CaseA seventy-two-year-old man entered the hospital because of dyspnea and hemoptysis.He had been well until four weeks previously, when he began to experience malaise, myalgia and fatigue, with a subsequent loss of several pounds in weight; a physician prescribed oxytetracycline (Terramycin). About two weeks after the onset of symptoms the patient began to cough up large quantities of yellow sputum mixed with blood, and one week later he was admitted to another hospital. The urine was normal; the hemoglobin was 11.8 gm. on admission and fell to 9.8 gm. per 100 ml.; the white-cell count was . . .
Journals question integrity of almost 200 papers by Japanese anaesthetist
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The editors in chief of the world’s leading anaesthetics journals have offered Tokyo’s Toho University an ultimatum: vouch for the integrity of all research conducted by the anaesthetist Yoshitaka Fujii or the journals will retract his research papers.

The letter asks the university to verify the authenticity of 193 papers. The university has until 30 June to respond with a timeline for assessing the papers. It has been asked to confirm that each study occurred as represented in the relevant paper and that appropriate ethical approval was obtained. It has also been asked to examine the original research data and verify that they are authentic. …
FDA hearings confirm risks of antidepressants
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Testimony presented by experts at the first day of hearings held by the US Food and Drug Administration confirmed that depressed children who are treated with antidepressants are more likely to harm themselves than depressed children treated with placebo.

The hearings are being held jointly by the Psychopharmacologic Drugs Advisory Committee and the Pediatric Advisory Committee. Preliminary risk data on the use of antidepressant drugs in paediatric patients were presented at a joint meeting of two FDA committees on 2 February. Since that meeting, experts in suicidal behaviour in children assembled by Columbia University have independently classified the risks and the FDA has conducted an analysis of these data. …
Risk Stratification in Coronary Disease: A Contrary Viewpoint
Authors: Monty M. Bodenheimer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Noninvasive stress testing is generally recommended to detect patients who are at increased risk for cardiac death and myocardial infarction. Such tests depend on the presence of a physiologically significant coronary stenosis to detect disease. The low prevalence of events in patients who are able to exercise, however, results in a poor positive predictive value. Also, recent data suggest that a significant number of morbid events result from rapid progression of disease in segments of the coronary artery that initially had only minimal obstruction. Further, from a therapeutic standpoint, only catheterization has been shown in randomized trials to predict which patients are candidates for bypass surgery. Thus, noninvasive testing as an intermediate step to select those patients who require invasive study remains an attractive but unproven hypothesis.
Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate in Angina Pectoris
Authors: Mike Poss
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 October 1994Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate in Angina PectorisMike Poss, MD, David Racicot, MD, and W. R. Kiser, MD, MAMike Poss, MDSearch for more papers by this author, David Racicot, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and W. R. Kiser, MD, MASearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-7-199410010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Thadani and colleagues [1] showed that tolerance to isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) can apparently be avoided with their recommended dosage regimen, but it also appears that the drug is clinically ineffectual. The IS-5-MN and placebo groups did not differ in anginal attack rates or in the amount of supplemental nitroglycerin required during the observation period. The measure of effectiveness used in this study, specifically changes in exercise tolerance, would seem of interest in a research setting, but we question the clinical significance of the 90-second improvement 2 hours after the morning dose and the 30-second improvement ...References1. Thadani U, Maranda CR, Amsterdam E, Spaccavento L, Friedman RG, Chernoff R, et al. Lack of pharmacologic tolerance and rebound angina pectoris during twice-daily therapy with isosorbide-5-mononitrate. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:353-9. Google Scholar2. Isosorbide mononitrate for angina. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1992; 34:61. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mike Poss, MD; David Racicot, MD; W. R. Kiser, MD, MA PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1994Volume 121, Issue 7Page: 547KeywordsAnginaDrugsExercisePharmacists ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Ceruloplasmin gene expression in the murine central nervous system.
Authors: L W Klomp, Z S Farhangrazi, L L Dugan, J D Gitlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Aceruloplasminemia is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in neurodegeneration of the retina and basal ganglia in association with iron accumulation in these tissues. To begin to define the mechanisms of central nervous system iron accumulation and neuronal loss in this disease, cDNA clones encoding murine ceruloplasmin were isolated and characterized. RNA blot analysis using these clones detected a 3.7-kb ceruloplasmin-specific transcript in multiple murine tissues including the eye and several regions of the brain. In situ hybridization of systemic tissues revealed cell-specific ceruloplasmin gene expression in hepatocytes, the splenic reticuloendothelial system and the bronchiolar epithelium of the lung. In the central nervous system, abundant ceruloplasmin gene expression was detected in specific populations of astrocytes within the retina and the brain as well as the epithelium of the choroid plexus. Analysis of primary cell cultures confirmed that astrocytes expressed ceruloplasmin mRNA and biosynthetic studies revealed synthesis and secretion of ceruloplasmin by these cells. Taken together these results demonstrate abundant cell-specific ceruloplasmin expression within the central nervous system which may account for the unique clinical and pathologic findings observed in patients with aceruloplasminemia.
Conflict of Interest and the Public Trust
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THREE YEARS' EXPERIENCE WITH VAGINAL SUTURING OF THE ROUND LIGAMENTS FOR RETROVERSIONS AND FLEXIONS OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: HIRAM N. VINEBERG
Journal: JAMA (1899)

It would seem as if there were not anything settled in gynecology. If there was one subject more than another on which it was thought the profession was generally agreed, it was that backward displacement of the uterus was a disease per se, and that it required attention, be it mechanical or surgical. But recently even this subject has formed a bone of contention among gynecologists. After a great deal of thought and energy have been expended on surgical measures for the relief of these malpositions of the uterus, authorities of no mean standing come along and tell us that backward displacement of the uterus is of no consequence, and never of itself gives rise to any disturbances. The note sounded by one of the most prominent of these authorities<sup>1</sup>, and which was considered to be so vital as to be wafted to these shores from a distant land,
DAPSONE INDUCED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
Authors: EDWARD H. WYATT, J. CLARKE STEVENS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— A further case of peripheral neuropathy has occurred in the course of dapsone therapy. It was predominantly motor in type, but a sensory element was present. It recovered completely after dapsone withdrawal. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies showed the neuropathy to be axonal in type.
Evidence for two apoptotic pathways in light-induced retinal degeneration
Authors: Wenshan Hao, Andreas Wenzel, Martin S. Obin, Ching-Kang Chen, Elliott Brill, Nataliia V. Krasnoperova, Pamela Eversole-Cire, Yelena Kleyner, Allen Taylor, Melvin I. Simon, Christian Grimm, Charlotte E. Remé, Janis Lem
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
The Balthazar-Foster Murmur and Foster's Rule
Authors: Andrew Kerr, Eddy D. Palmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

ERRONEOUS concepts persist tenaciously in clinical medicine. One of these is the eponym, "Foster murmur," sometimes given to a particular transmission of the murmur associated with rupture of a cusp of the aortic valve. This communication traces the origin of the terms, "Balthazar-Foster murmur" and "Foster's rule," notes the interpretation given to these terms, and presents relevant clinical and pathological evidence. Because of their association with the Austin-Flint murmur, that anomaly is also mentioned.Foster's DescriptionWhile professor of clinical medicine at Queen's College in Birmingham, Foster,1 , 2 in 1866 and 1867, reported a case of injury to the aortic valve . . .