tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of a novel liposome-based formulation of c-raf AON in combination with Taxol® against human ovarian tumor model in SCID mice
Authors: Yuhong Lei, Ateeq Ahmad, Saifuddin Sheikh, Allen Zhang, Imran Ahmad
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

638 

C-raf plays an important role in the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) that attributes to cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. C-raf antisense oligonucleotide (AON) is specifically designed to bind mRNA to decrease the expression of c-raf protein. In order to prevent degradation and increase stability of c-raf AON, we have developed a novel easy-to-use liposome-based formulation of c-raf AON (LErafAON-ETU). In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of LErafAON-ETU in human breast (MDA-MB-231) and human ovarian (SKOV-3) cancer xenograft models. Mice were subcutaneously transplanted with 2x106 MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells or SKOV-3 human ovarian cancer cells. Once the tumors were well established (50-100 mm3) the mice were injected intravenously via tail vein with LErafAON-ETU (25 mg/kg x10), or Taxol® (25 mg/kg x3 on Days 2, 5 and 9), or the combination of LErafAON-ETU with Taxol®. Results: LErafAON-ETU inhibited MDA-MB-231 and SKOV-3 tumor growth by 59% and 45% respectively compared to the coresponding controls. The inhibition of SKOV-3 tumor growth by Taxol® was 41% compared to its control. The combination of LErafAON-ETU and Taxol® regressed SKOV-3 xenograft tumor by 90%. In summary, LErafAON-ETU inhibited both human breast and ovarian cancers in the xenograft models. Our data also suggest that LErafAON-ETU acts as chemotherapeutic sensitizer and thereby enhances the inhibitory effect of Taxol® against human ovarian tumor growth in SCID mice.
Failures in treatment of patients according DOTS-PLUS program: Medico-social predictors
Authors: Irina Felker
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The problem of treatment patients who suffering from multi drug resistance tuberculosis of lungs (MDR TB) is one of actual problems of phthisiology now. Efficiency of treatment of this group patients according the program DOTS-PLUS fluctuates in a range 61 %-77 %, and failure in treatment is registered in 3 %-14 % of cases in different countries. The purpose of our research is revealing predictors of failure in treatment of the patients suffering MDR TB.  200 MDR TB patients who were treated under program DOTS-PLUS in the Tomsk region (from 2000 to 2008) have been included in case-control study. Patients with failure in treatment (n=100) were in the main group, and patients (n=100) who were cured were in the comparison group.  The age of patients varied from 16 till 75 years. The deficiency of body weight (IWB =15.99 and less) has brought the contribution to formation failures in treatment (OR 11.0). Revealing cavernous tuberculosis at the initial stage increased risk of failure more than in 5 times (OR 5.69). The complications increasing risk of failure in treatment were respiratory insufficiency (OR 3.25), anemia (OR 13.78) and hemoptysis (OR 3.80). For therapy failure following accompanying diseases had prognostic value: pathology of urinary system (OR 6.62), chronic not obstructive bronchitis (OR 2.43), pathology of gastrointestinal tract (OR 2.32) and alcoholism (OR 3.52).  Thus development of MDR TB and efficiency of its treatment depends from both social, and medical factors which are necessary to consider at the initial stage of treatment and to apply measures for their minimization.
Bone metastases in patients with gastrinomas: a prospective study of bone scanning, somatostatin receptor scanning, and magnetic resonance image in their detection, frequency, location, and effect of their detection on management.
Authors: F Gibril, J L Doppman, J C Reynolds, C C Chen, V E Sutliff, F Yu, J Serrano, D J Venzon, R T Jensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To determine whether bone scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) is best for identifying bone metastases in patients with gastrinomas, as well as their frequency and location, whether their detection affects management, and what patient subgroups should be examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred fifteen patients with gastrinoma were prospectively studied. Patients were examined yearly and those with liver metastases were reexamined every 3 months. Based on clinical history, histology, growth pattern, and development of new bone lesions, possible bone metastases were classified as to whether they were or were not bone metastases. Imaging results were correlated at different times in the disease course and with disease extent. RESULTS Bone scan was positive in 52 patients, MRI in seven, and SRS in six. Eight patients (7%) were determined to have bone metastases and MRI was correctly positive in seven, SRS in six, and bone scan in five. SRS or MRI was positive in all patients with bone metastases. Bone scan had significantly lower specificity and sensitivity, and a higher rate (P &lt; .02) of false-negative results than MRI or SRS. Bone metastases occurred in 31% of patients with liver metastases and 0% with only lymph node metastases. The initial bone metastases were in the spine or sacrum (75%) followed in descending order by the pelvis or sacroiliac joints (38%), scapula or shoulder, and ribs. In all cases, detection of bone metastases changed the management. CONCLUSION SRS and MRI, because of high sensitivity and specificity, are recommended over bone scanning to screen for bone metastases in patients with gastrinomas. However, because bone metastases can occur initially outside the axial skeleton, SRS is the recommended initial localization method of choice. Bone metastases occur in 7% of all patients and 31% of patients with liver metastases, only occur in patients with liver metastases, are usually in the axial skeleton initially, and their detection changes management in all cases. Patients with pancreatic endocrine tumors with liver metastases should undergo SRS every 6 months to 1 year to detect bone metastases.
Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Sanjiv J. Shah, Mihai Gheorghiade
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Gabriele Pollara, Michael Marks
Journal: JAMA (2015)

from baseline, 1.8 [0.8]; from 1 year, -0.003 [0.6]).Adjusted mean between-group difference in change from baseline was -0.03 (95% CI, -0.25 to 0.19; P = .79)and from 1 year was -0.03 (95% CI, -0.23 to 0.17; P = .76).No between-group differences were found in the secondary outcomes (Table 2).Discussion | To our knowledge, this is the first randomized trial to evaluate long-term outcomes of CTS surgery.After a mean follow-up of 12.8 years after CTS surgery, there were no significant differences between open and endoscopic carpal tunnel release.The large symptom and functional improvements and high level of patient satisfaction achieved with surgery were durable and few patients had undergone further surgery.Study limitations include a single institution in Sweden and unknown generalizability.Our long-term follow-up was limited to patient-reported outcomes, which are central in CTS and were consistent across several measures with established reliability and validity.The results should help clinicians and patients in making treatment decisions.
ACTIVITY OF HOST-DERIVED T CELLS WHICH DIFFERENTIATE IN NUDE MICE GRAFTED WITH CO-ISOGENIC OR ALLOGENEIC THYMUSES
Authors: Berenice Kindred, Francis Loor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

If nude mice are grafted with a neonatal thymus, host type precursor cells develop within the graft thymus and after about 6 wk the T-cell population of the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes is of host type. However, immunological responsiveness produced in nude mice in this manner is incomplete: (a) the ability to react to T-cell mitogens in vitro is greater than in untreated nudes but lower than in normal mice; (b) the response to T-cell dependent antigens is less than normal; and (c) the rejection of skin grafts is slower than in normal animals. Whether host precursor cells which differentiate in an allogeneic thymus are able to reject skin grafts from thymus donor strain appears to depend on the strain combination used.
Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Chemotherapy Added to Tamoxifen in Patients With Receptor-Positive and Lymph Node–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: R. Jakesz, H. Hausmaninger, K. Haider, E. Kubista, H. Samonigg, M. Gnant, D. Manfreda, G. Tschurtschenthaler, R. Kolb, M. Stierer, M. Fridrik, B. Mlineritsch, P. Steindorfer, M. Mittlböck, G. Steger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome in patients with stage II hormone receptor–positive breast cancer treated or not treated with low-dose, short-term chemotherapy in addition to tamoxifen in terms of disease-free and overall survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 613 patients were randomized to receive either low-dose chemotherapy (doxorubicin 20 mg/m 2 and vincristine 1 mg/m 2 on day 1; cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m 2 ; methotrexate 25 mg/m 2 ; and fluorouracil 600 mg/m 2 on days 29 and 36 intravenously) or no chemotherapy in addition to 20 mg of tamoxifen orally for 2 years. A third group without any treatment (postmenopausal patients only) was terminated after the accrual of 79 patients due to ethical reasons. RESULTS: After a median follow-up period of 7.5 years, the addition of chemotherapy did not improve the outcome in patients as compared with those treated with tamoxifen alone, neither with respect to disease-free nor overall survival. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for disease-free survival revealed menopausal status, in addition to nodal status, progesterone receptor, and histologic grade as significant. Both untreated postmenopausal and tamoxifen-treated premenopausal patients showed identical prognoses significantly inferior to the tamoxifen-treated postmenopausal cohort. Prognostic factors for overall survival in the multivariate analysis showed nodal and tumor stage, tumor grade, and hormone receptor level as significant. CONCLUSION: Low-dose chemotherapy in addition to tamoxifen does not improve the prognosis of stage II breast cancer patients with hormone-responsive tumors. Tamoxifen-treated postmenopausal patients show a significantly better prognosis than premenopausal patients, favoring the hypothesis of a more pronounced effect of tamoxifen in the older age groups.
Effect of ethanol on CHCl3 metabolism in hepatic microsomes from Osborne-Mendel rats.
Authors: E Testai, S Gemma, P Gervasi, S Menicagli, L Vittozzi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The treatment of Osborne-Mendel rats with ethanol in drinking water for 2 weeks resulted in a 3-fold increase of hepatic microsomal hydroxylation of both p-nitrophenol and aniline, two substrates considered highly selective for P4502E1. No other forms of P450 seemed to be affected. These results, confirmed by the immunoblot analysis of microsomal protein, showed an induction of P4502E1. The levels of total covalent binding to microsomal phospholipid due to 14CHCl3 reactive intermediates in ethanol-pretreated microsomes were identical to those measured in microsomes from untreated rats at any pO2. The distribution of radioactivity obtained after transmethylation of the adducts of 14CHCl3 intermediates with microsomal phospholipids (PL) indicated that binding to fatty acyl chains (due to .CHCl2 radicals) increased with decreasing pO2. On the contrary, the binding to polar heads due to phosgene decreased. The ethanol treatment did not affect binding to either PL moieties. These results indicated that, in our experimental conditions, the in vitro production of both oxidative and reductive intermediates of CHCl3 in the liver of Osborne-Mendel rats were not influenced by ethanol consumption.
Changes in operating lung volume and symptoms during daily activity in COPD
Authors: Daniela Savi, Sandy Jack, Paul Albert, Peter Calverley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Patients with COPD perform low levels of daily physical activity and breathlessness and leg fatigue are symptoms limiting exercise. Less is known about symptoms and hyperinflation measured during laboratory exercise testing relate to daily activity.  We studied 20 stable COPD patients (15 male, mean (SD) age 67 (7) yrs, FEV1 0,96 (0,4) l, 36 (12)% predicted, IC 1,7 (0,4) l, 62 (14)% predicted during a time-limited endurance cycle exercise test at 70% VO2 max. IC, dyspnoea and leg fatigue on a Borg scale were recorded every 2 minutes. We calculated the individual slope of the change in these variables expressed as IC absolute. We assessed daily physical activity using both Actiwatch (AW) and SenseWear (SW).  There was a good relationship between AW mean activity score and AW mean activity moving (r 2 =0,7;  p  2 =0,8;  p  2 =0,5;  p  2 =0,2;  p =NS). There was no relationship between the baseline IC and the AW mean activity score (r 2 =0,03;  p =NS) and the SW number of steps (r 2 =0,1;  p =NS).  Activity levels measured by these devices are similar and data registered with the same uniaxial leg accelerometer give similar level of daily activity. Baseline level of hyperinflation did not predict daily activity and the individual9s perception of breathlessness as lung volume rises is the important factor limiting daily activity. Changes in symptoms related to peripheral muscle dysfunction did not limit the daily activity in our COPD patients.
Posthospital mandatory outpatient treatment
Authors: B Bursten
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

Mandatory outpatient treatment invoked after the patient has improved in the hospital is a relatively new development. Tennessee instituted this policy by statute in 1981. While people placed under the constraints of that law showed a reduction in rate of readmission, comparison with control groups failed to support the conclusion that these results are due to the forced outpatient constraints. The author discusses some procedure and policy considerations that stem from these findings.
Identification and screening of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: P. Nordmann, M. Gniadkowski, C.G. Giske, L. Poirel, N. Woodford, V. Miriagou
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)

Carbapenem-hydrolysing β-lactamases are the most powerful β-lactamases, being able to hydrolyse almost all β-lactams. They are mostly of the KPC, VIM, IMP, NDM and OXA-48 types. Their current extensive spread worldwide in Enterobacteriaceae is an important source of concern, as these carbapenemase producers are multidrug-resistant. Detection of infected patients and of carriers are the two main approaches for prevention of their spread. Phenotypic and molecular-based techniques are able to identify these carbapenemase producers, although with variable efficiencies. The detection of carriers still relies mostly on the use of screening culture media.
The prevelance of respiratory infections in vaccined patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Dimitra Sereti, Konstantina Sereti, Theodosios Theodosiou, Vasiliki Kyriakopoulou, Maria Petta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim: To estimate the prevelance of respiratory infections in immunizationed patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Method: 476 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were followed up during the years 2007-2009. All patients were over sixty years old and vaccinated against influenza and pneumonaeu. The exacerbations, the hospitalization and the deaths were noted down.

Results: During the year 2007, 157 patients (33%) wend under exacerbation, From those 16 (10%) required hospitalization and 2 deaths were recorded. In 2008, 114 (24%) appeared exacerbation, 4 (3,5%) of them required hospitalization. No death was recorded. During 2009, 124 patients (26%) of the total exacerdationed, 6 (4,5%) of them needed to hospitalize and 1 death was recorded. Totally the percentage of deaths reached only a 0.6%.

![Figure][1] 



Conclusions: The mortality in vaccinated against influenza and pneumonaeu patients seems to be negligible. However, the quality of life seems to be affected because of exacerbations and hospitalization which discomfort a significant percentage of COPD patients.

 [1]: pending:yes
The sleep quality of patients with substernal goiter
Authors: Sermin Borekci, Sema Umut, Berna Duman, Serkan Teksoz, Murat Ozcan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim:In patients with substernal goitre,more than 50% of thyroid-parenchyma is settling below the sternal notch.The aim of this study to investigate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and quality of sleep in patients with substernal goitre,  Methods:Between January 2012-June 2013, the data files of 13 patients with substernal goitre diagnosis who admitted to polyclinic of Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Pulmonology Department for pre-operative evaluation are evaluated.All patients had Thoracic CT prove substernal goitre diagnosis. Patients demographic findings, respiratory symptoms and comorbidities were recorded and Pittsburgh sleep quality index was filled for each patient. Statistical analysis was performed by using the SPSS 21.0 statistics program.  Results:Of the 13 patients, 8 (61.5%) were female, 5 (38.5%) were male and the mean age was 61.8±10.0 years.12 patients (92.3%) had respiratory symptoms,11 (84.6%) had shortness of breath,4 (30.8%) had hoarseness,3 (23.1%) had cough,2 (15.4%) patients had orthopnea.2 (15.4%) patients had COPD,and 1 (7.7%) had asthma.The mean Pittsburgh sleep quality index was 5.7±4.9 (  Conclusion:The respiratory symptoms are common in patients with substernal goiter,also sleep quality is disturbed in this group of patients.
Second malignancies after Ewing's sarcoma: radiation dose-dependency of secondary sarcomas.
Authors: J F Kuttesch, L H Wexler, R B Marcus, D Fairclough, L Weaver-McClure, M White, L Mao, T F Delaney, C B Pratt, M E Horowitz, L E Kun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

An excess risk of second malignancies has been reported in survivors of Ewing's sarcoma. We examined a multiinstitutional data base to reevaluate the risk among survivors of Ewing's sarcoma and to identify possible causal factors.Information was derived from a data base that included 266 survivors of Ewing's sarcoma. Cumulative incidence rates of second malignancies were calculated. Contributions of clinical features, type and dose of chemotherapy, and cumulative radiation dose to the risk of second malignancies were evaluated.After a median follow-up duration of 9.5 years (range, 3.0 to 30), 16 patients have developed second malignancies, which included 10 sarcomas (five osteosarcomas, three fibrosarcomas, and two malignant fibrous histiocytomas) and six other malignancies (acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, meningioma, bronchioalveolar carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix). The median latency to the diagnosis of the second malignancy was 7.6 years (range, 3.5 to 25.7). The estimated cumulative incidence rates at 20 years for any second malignancy and for secondary sarcoma were 9.2% (SD = 2.7%) and 6.5% (SD = 2.4%), respectively. The cumulative incidence rate of secondary sarcoma was radiation dose-dependent (P = .002). No secondary sarcomas developed among patients who had received less than 48 Gy, while the absolute risk of secondary sarcoma was 130 cases per 10,000 person-years of observation among patients who had received > or = 60 Gy.The overall risk of second malignancies after Ewing's sarcomas is similar to that associated with treatment for other childhood cancers. The radiation dose-dependency of secondary sarcomas justifies modification in therapy to reduce radiation doses.
Effects of cyclosporin H on airway inflammatory responses induced by mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns
Authors: Min Li, Xue Zhang, Liuqun Jia, Hongyu Long, Yongchun Shen, Caishuang Pang, Fuqiang Wen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective: Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (MTDs) can cause inflammatory response through formyl peptide receptor-1 (FPR-1). This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporin H (CsH), a potent and selective FPR-1 antagonist, in MTDs-induced airway inflammatory responses.  Methods: A total of 60 mice were equally divided into 4 groups as control (saline), CsH (2mg/kg), MTDs (100ul, equivalent to 2.5% of mouse liver), MTDs plus CsH groups (100ul MTDs plus CsH, 2mg/kg) (n=15). Saline and MTDs were given by intratracheal instillation and CsH by intravenous injection. Cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory cytokinesinterleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in both BALF and serum were detected.  Results: The BALF inflammatory cell count, inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-1β in both BALF and serum were significantly increased in mice received MTDs compared with control group (p  Conclusio: MTDs can cause airway inflammatory response in mice, which could be suppressed by CsH.These findings suggest that CsH may hold promise as a novel treatment for inflammatory airway diseases.
Are FENO indices useful diagnostic tools in suspected asthma? Experience of a routine lung function laboratory
Authors: Florence Schleich, Raluca Asandei, Maité Manise, Jocelyne Sele, Cédric Graas, Renaud Louis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Asthma diagnosis is based on symptoms associated with airflow variability. Airway inflammatory component measured by exhaled nitric oxide (FENO50) has been proposed as a diagnostic tool but remains controversial.   Aim:  To assess the ability of FENO indices to identify bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (PC20M    Methods:  We conducted a prospective study on 174 steroid naive patients addressed for PC20M. Patients with respiratory symptoms, FEV1 ≥70% pred and no proof of reversibility to inhaled salbutamol (either not done or response    Results:  82 had a PC20M    Conclusion:  FENO50 >34 ppb is a good diagnostic criterion in patients with suspected asthma. However FENO50 ≤34ppb clearly does not rule out bronchial hyperresponsiveness and should prompt the clinician for asking methacholine challenge.
Ratios of T-cell immune effectors and checkpoint molecules as prognostic biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a population-based study
Authors: Colm Keane, Frank Vari, Mark Hertzberg, Kim-Anh Lê Cao, Michael R Green, Erica Han, John F Seymour, Rodney J Hicks, Devinder Gill, Pauline Crooks, Clare Gould, Kimberley Jones, Lyn R Griffiths, Dipti Talaulikar, Sanjiv Jain, Josh Tobin, Maher K Gandhi
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2015)