tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital Smoking Bans and Employee Smoking Behavior
Authors: Daniel R. Longo
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To examine the impact of workplace smoking bans on smoking behavior of employees.A total of 1469 current or former smokers (intervention group) employed in smoke-free hospitals and 920 current or former smokers (comparison group) employed in non-smoke-free workplaces were surveyed to determine smoking behavior.This cross-sectional study is part of a larger, ongoing prospective study. The study design was quasi-experimental. We randomly selected sites consisting of a hospital and a corresponding community. Furthermore, we randomly selected subjects from hospitals and their corresponding communities.Postban quit ratio and progression along the stages-of-change continuum.The Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the postban quit ratio between the intervention and comparison groups. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel analysis of variance statistic was used to compare groups on the stages-of-change variables.Beginning with the smoking ban and continuing for 5 years after implementation, statistically significant differences in the postban quit ratio were observed between employees of smoke-free hospitals who were smokers and counterparts in the community (P<.001). Despite preban differences in smoking intensity, the overall difference in postban quit ratios remained significant even after multivariate adjustment for socioeconomic, demographic, and smoking intensity variables. For those sites that were 5 years postban, the quit ratio was 0.506 in smoke-free workplaces compared with 0.377 in workplaces where smoking was permitted. In all but 1 category, the intervention group was further along the stages-of-change continuum toward quitting smoking than the comparison group (P<.001).American hospitals' experiences with smoking bans, which directly affect more than 5 million workers, should be examined by other industries as a method of improving employee health. Workplace smoking bans could also be effective in saving lives, reducing health care costs, addressing safety concerns, and decreasing operating and maintenance expenses of employers.
Towards a universal neurobiological architecture for learning to read
Authors: Marcin Szwed, Fabien Vinckier, Laurent Cohen, Stanislas Dehaene
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Letter-position tolerance varies across languages. This observation suggests that the neural code for letter strings may also be subtly different. Although language-specific models remain useful, we should endeavor to develop a universal model of reading acquisition which incorporates crucial neurobiological constraints. Such a model, through a progressive internalization of phonological and lexical regularities, could perhaps converge onto the language-specific properties outlined by Frost.
Velocity distribution in aortic flow
Authors: C. CLARK, D. L. SCHULTZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Velocity measurements in the dog aorta using a thin film anemometer are described. The instantaneous velocity profiles for the ascending and descending aorta indicate a large inertial core region with relatively thin boundary layers; pronounced non-uniformities are present in the ascending aorta. Generally the flow was found to be free of turbulence with one notable exception; the possible origins of flow disturbances are discussed.
1157 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-fluoroguanosine (FLG) has antiviral activity against both wild type and lamivudine resistant hepatitis B virus in vitro: results of assays using the recombinant baculovirus system
Authors: S LOCARNINI, V SOZZI, H ZHANG, B OBERG, T SHAW
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The development of antiviral-resistant mutations with long-term treatment remains a major concern in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of entecavir 1 mg versus combined lamivudine/adefovir dipivoxil (Lam/Adv) in chronic HBV patients resistant to lamivudine monotherapy.This study included two groups of lamivudine-resistant patients who received lamivudine 100 mg for 1–3 years. Group 1 was composed of 25 cases (52% HBeAg+ve) who received combined Lam/Adv, and group 2 was composed of 13 patients (30.8% HBeAg+ve) who received entecavir 1 mg. Pre-enrolment assessment included biochemical, serological and quantitative HBV-DNA testing as well as HBeAg and hepatitis B envelope antibody (HBeAb) assessment. Evaluation was done at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months of treatment by the same parameters. Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody (HbsAg and HBsAb) were assessed after each year of treatment.At the end of 36 months of treatment, 16 cases (69%) in group 1 completed the study period, versus 13 (100%) in group 2. Two cases in group 1 underwent HBeAg seroconversion, accompanied by HBV-DNA undetectability, at 6 and 12 months, respectively; no cases were seroconverted in group 2. Both treatments achieved improvement in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin and alpha-foetoprotein equally at the end of the study. HBV-DNA undetectability was better achieved in group 2 when compared to group 1. HBeAg seroconversion was only achieved in two cases in group 1, whereas no cases lost HBeAg in group 2. None of our cases achieved HbsAg seroconversion or loss at the end of the study period.The entecavir 1-mg monotherapy group achieved better HBV-DNA undetectability starting at 3 months of treatment when compared to the Lam/Adv group; however, both lines of treatment showed almost similar results over the rest of the study period. HBeAg seroconversion was only achieved in two cases in the combined Lam/Adv group, whereas no cases lost HBeAg in the other group.
Lossy (15:1) JPEG Compression of Digital Coronary Angiograms Does Not Limit Detection of Subtle Morphological Features
Authors: William A. Baker, Steven E. Hearne, Laurence A. Spero, Kenneth G. Morris, Robert A. Harrington, Michael H. Sketch, Victor S. Behar, Yihong Kong, Robert H. Peter, Thomas M. Bashore, J. Kevin Harrison, Jack T. Cusma
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Development of the “all-digital” cardiac catheterization laboratory has been slowed by substantial computer archival and transfer requirements. Lossy data compression reduces this burden but creates irreversible changes in images, potentially impairing detection of clinically important angiographic features. Methods and Results Fifty image sequences from 31 interventional procedures were viewed both in the original (uncompressed) state and after 15:1 lossy Joint Photographic Expert’s Group (JPEG) compression. Experienced angiographers identified dissections, suspected thrombi, and coronary stents, and their results were compared with those from a consensus panel that served as a “gold standard.” The panel and the individual observers reviewed the same image sequences 4 months after the first session to determine intraobserver variability. Intraobserver agreement for original images was not significantly different from that for compressed images (89.8% versus 89.5% for 600 pairs of observations in each group). Agreement of individual observers with the consensus panel was not significantly different for original images from that for compressed images (87.6% versus 87.3%; CIs for the difference, −4.0%, 4.0%). Subgroup analysis for each observer and for each detection task (dissection, suspected thrombus, and stent) revealed no significant difference in agreement. Conclusions The identification of dissections, thrombi, and coronary stents is not substantially impaired by the application of 15:1 lossy JPEG compression to digital coronary angiograms. These data suggest that digital angiographic images compressed in this manner are acceptable for clinical decision-making.
The "False-Negative" Meckel??s Scan
Authors: GARY WILTON, JERRY W. FROELICH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

A case is presented of a 17-month-old girl who underwent two Meckel's scans with Tc-99m pertechnetate. The initial study was interpreted as normal while a subsequent study five days later was definitely positive. Surgery immediately following the positive Meckel's scan demonstrated a Meckel's diverticulum containing gastric mucosa without evidence of active hemorrhage. This prompted a review of the literature in reference to false-negative Meckel's scans which revealed a wide variance in the reported incidence of false-negative examinations. Repeat scintigraphy in the face of a strong clinical suspicion after an initial normal study may decrease the indicence of false-negative imaging series.
A Primer of Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Authors: John L. Juergens
Journal: JAMA (1966)

As its title implies, this monograph was not meant to be an all-inclusive text but rather an introductory book on diseases of the circulation. It accomplishes its purpose although sometimes the reader will wish for more detail and occasionally for more precision. The beginning chapters deal concisely with the physiology of the circulation and are particularly recommended. The chapter on blood coagulation, however, is very brief and is little more than a list of the various factors that participate in the clotting and lytic processes. The authors appear to be fascinated by electronic diagnostic gadgetry, which seems rather out of place in a primer. For example, more space and many more illustrations are devoted to thermography, an unproved and largely unaccepted technique for the study of peripheral vascular diseases, than to arteriography or venography. Clinical plethysmography is well covered. In the therapy of arterial diseases the emphasis is on the
Back Pain in the Workplace
Authors: Nortin M. Hadler, Raymond C. Tait, John T. Chibnall
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Osler and Children
Authors: John P. McGovern
Journal: JAMA (1969)

" Dr. Osler frequently advised us to make friends of children, for, said he, 'That is the way to keep your own minds young.' " So recalls one of his staff members from Johns Hopkins days, in a personal reminiscence<sup>1</sup>that contains a revealing glimpse of Sir William Osler's unique gifts with children. If one were to define the qualities important in a pediatrician, the knack of keeping one's mind young would surely rank high on the list, along with such other essentials as love of children, the ability to inspire their trust and affection, and an understanding of children broad and deep enough to permit communication with them on their level. All of these abilities and talents resided in one man, William Osler. Almost everything written about Osler contains some reference to his lifelong love of children and his amazing empathy with them. That children reciprocated is also evident— in the
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: S. E Straus
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Table 1-Interpretation of the common pattems of serological markers of hepatitis B virus infection Hepatitis B surface Hepatitis B core Hepatitis B 'e' Antigen Antibody Antibody (IgG) Antibody (IgM)(*) Antigen Antibody Never infected --Vaccinated -+ Immune by natural infection
Genome-wide identification and characterization of functional neuronal activity–dependent enhancers
Authors: Athar N Malik, Thomas Vierbuchen, Martin Hemberg, Alex A Rubin, Emi Ling, Cameron H Couch, Hume Stroud, Ivo Spiegel, Kyle Kai-How Farh, David A Harmin, Michael E Greenberg
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
The Role of Thiotepa Instillations in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ralph J. Veenema
Journal: JAMA (1968)

An encouraging form of chemotherapy in bladder carcinoma has been the use of thiotepa, topically instilled by urethral catheter directly into the bladder for the treatment of multiple, well-differentiated, superficial, papillary bladder tumors.<sup>21</sup>The urinary bladder lends itself well to the use of topical therapy, and a high local concentration of the drug can be obtained with minimal general toxicity. In the past, such agents as podophyllum extract, phenol, and glycerin were used with a measure of success. It is well-recognized that bladder tumors are multifocal in origin, frequently recur, and readily "seed." Studies by Melicow<sup>22</sup>have shown microscopic evidence of numerous "subcistoscopic" tumors interspersed between the cystoscopically recognized tumors. This accounts in part for the great tendency of lesions to recur and demonstrates the futility of relying alone on endoscopic resection or fulguration of visible tumors to control the neoplasm. The use of a cytotoxic agent instilled
ENDOSONOGRAPHY: PROMISING METHOD FOR DIAGNOSIS OF EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS
Authors: Paul Amouyal, Gilles Amouyal, Dominique Mompoint, Brice Gayet, Laurent Palazzo, Philippe Ponsot, Valerie Vilgrain, Jean-Francois Fléjou, JosephA. Paolaggi
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
On the Causation of the Congenital Stridor of Infants
Authors: J. Thomson, A. L. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1900)

ALCOHOLIC NEURITIS.r = 1 56i free of carbohydrate, in the form of sugar, from a previously combined state.If, now, we give a comprehensive glance at the position of our knowledge of the conditions standing at the foundation of diabetes, it may be said that the effect of modern research is to carry us away from the view that there is a functional transit of the carbohydrate matter of our food as sugar through the general circulation to the tissues.Under such a view we are faced with insuperable difficulties in relation to the in- formation we possess with regard to both health and diabetes, whilst under the view contended for in this communication everything satisfactorily fits in, and a rational working basis for the treatment of diabetes is supplied.
Survival Analysis to Estimate Association between Short-Term Mortality and Air Pollution
Authors: Johanna Lepeule, Virginie Rondeau, Laurent Filleul, Jean-Francois Dartigues
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Ecologic studies are commonly used to report associations between short-term air pollution and mortality. In such studies, the unit of observation is the day rather than the individual. Moreover, individual data on the subjects are rarely available, which limits the assessment of individual risk factors. These associations can also be investigated using case-crossover studies. However, by definition, individual risk factors are not studied, and such studies analyze only dead subjects, which limits the statistical power.We suggest that the survival analysis is more suitable when cohorts are examined with a time-dependent ecologic exposure. To our knowledge, to date this type of analysis has never been proposed.In the present study we used a Cox proportional hazards model to investigate the distribution over time of the short-term effect of black smoke and sulfur dioxide in 439 nonaccidental and 158 cardiorespiratory deaths among the 1,469 subjects of the Personnes Agées QUID (PAQUID) cohort in Bordeaux, France. The model has a delayed entry and a polynomial distributed lag from 0 to 5 days. Results are adjusted for individual risk factors, temperature, relative humidity, weekday, season, influenza epidemics, and a time function to control temporal trends.We identified a positive and significant association between cardiorespiratory mortality and black smoke, with a 24% increase in deaths 3 days after a 10-microg/m3 increase in black smoke (95% confidence interval, 4-47%).We conclude that the Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates is very suitable to investigate simultaneously the short-term effect of air pollution on health and the effect of individual risk factors on a cohort study.
Definition of preterm delivery.
Authors: B Dennison
Journal: BMJ (1976)

respiratory arrest and died.No additional informa- tion was obtained at post-mortem examination.Presumably in our patient the normal blood loss from the corpus luteum was magnified by anticoagulation.Menorrhagia and irregular prolonged menstrual cycles are common in renal failure, but some of these cycles are ovulatory.1Often an oral contraceptive agent is advised to reduce the menstrual blood loss in these patients, who are already anaemic.A more simple approach would be to use medroxyprogesterone 150 mg intramuscularly three-monthly.This would prevent ovulation and conception and would perhaps abolish menstruation.There may therefore be a place for the regular use of a long-acting progester- one in some menstruating women being treated by chronic haemodialysis.
Department sends doctors' productivity data to trusts in value for money bid
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Doctors' productivity data sent to trusts 116, 219newsroundup0807Trusts throughout England have this week been sent statistics from the Department of Health, which show the most and least productive doctors in five surgical and five medical specialties in their hospital.The data have been compiled by academics at the University of York's department of health sciences.In an article published in this week's Health Service Journal (2006;116(6013): 18-19) researchers point out that, between 2001 and 2005, the basic starting salary for NHS consultants increased by almost 50%."In most industries, employers would expect pay increases to be accompanied by improvements in 'productivity,'" they state."Although this is less usual in public services, the Department of Health must demonstrate to the Treasury and to voters that the new contract has delivered value for money."Charts showing the individual performance of consultants in 10 specialties are being sent to the NHS trust in which they work.They are based on finished consultant episodes, with the output adjusted for case mix.
13 COMBINATION OF THE NS5A INHIBITOR, GS-5885, THE NS3 PROTEASE INHIBITOR, GS-9451, AND PEGYLATED INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT EXPERIENCED PATIENTS WITH GENOTYPE 1 HEPATITIS C INFECTION
Authors: G.T. Everson, A.M. Di Bisceglie, J.M. Vierling, F. Hsieh, J.D. Trenkle, B. Kanwar, M. Subramanian, J.G. McHutchison, R.H. Ghalib, V.K. Rustgi, P.Y. Kwo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Still's disease and the virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome.
Authors: J A Morris, A R Adamson, P J Holt, J Davson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

A 15-year-old male developed features of Still9s disease. He was treated, with incomplete response, with aspirin and corticosteroids. Some 10 months after the onset he contracted chickenpox and became gravely ill. A diagnosis of histiocytic medullary reticulosis was made because erythrophagocytic histiocytes were detected in marrow aspirate films. Necropsy studies showed systemic infiltration by benign-appearing histiocytes and led to the final diagnosis of the virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome due to varicella-zoster infection in an immunocompromised patient.
Sustained MEK inhibition abrogates myeloproliferative disease in Nf1 mutant mice
Authors: Tiffany Chang, Kimberly Krisman, Emily Harding Theobald, Jin Xu, Jon Akutagawa, Jennifer O. Lauchle, Scott Kogan, Benjamin S. Braun, Kevin Shannon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are predisposed to juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), an aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that is refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Conditional inactivation of the Nf1 tumor suppressor in hematopoietic cells of mice causes a progressive MPN that accurately models JMML and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). We characterized the effects of Nf1 loss on immature hematopoietic populations and investigated treatment with the MEK inhibitor PD0325901 (hereafter called 901). Somatic Nf1 inactivation resulted in a marked expansion of immature and lineage-committed myelo-erythroid progenitors and ineffective erythropoiesis. Treatment with 901 induced a durable drop in leukocyte counts, enhanced erythropoietic function, and markedly reduced spleen sizes in mice with MPN. MEK inhibition also restored a normal pattern of erythroid differentiation and greatly reduced extramedullary hematopoiesis. Remarkably, genetic analysis revealed the persistence of Nf1-deficient hematopoietic cells, indicating that MEK inhibition modulates the proliferation and differentiation of Nf1 mutant cells in vivo rather than eliminating them. These data provide a rationale for performing clinical trials of MEK inhibitors in patients with JMML and CMML.
Importance of left ventricular minimal pressure as a determinant of transmitral flow velocity pattern in the presence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Tohru Masuyama, Jun Tanouchi, Masaaki Uematsu, Yasuji Doi, Johji Naito, Masatsugu Hori, Michihiko Tada, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
ATP-Binding Cassette B10 Regulates Early Steps of Heme Synthesis
Authors: Marina Bayeva, Arineh Khechaduri, Rongxue Wu, Michael A. Burke, J. Andrew Wasserstrom, Neha Singh, Marc Liesa, Orian S. Shirihai, Nathaniel B. Langer, Barry H. Paw, Hossein Ardehali
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Rationale: Heme plays a critical role in gas exchange, mitochondrial energy production, and antioxidant defense in cardiovascular system. The mitochondrial transporter ATP-binding cassette (ABC) B10 has been suggested to export heme out of the mitochondria and is required for normal hemoglobinization of erythropoietic cells and protection against ischemia–reperfusion injury in the heart; however, its primary function has not been established. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the function of ABCB10 in heme synthesis in cardiac cells. Methods and Results: Knockdown of ABCB10 in cardiac myoblasts significantly reduced heme levels and the activities of heme-containing proteins, whereas supplementation with δ-aminolevulinic acid reversed these defects. Overexpression of mitochondrial δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase 2, the rate-limiting enzyme upstream of δ-aminolevulinic acid export, failed to restore heme levels in cells with ABCB10 downregulation. ABCB10 and heme levels were increased by hypoxia, and reversal of ABCB10 upregulation caused oxidative stress and cell death. Furthermore, ABCB10 knockdown in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes resulted in a significant delay of calcium removal from the cytoplasm, suggesting a relaxation defect. Finally, ABCB10 expression and heme levels were altered in failing human hearts and mice with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Conclusions: ABCB10 plays a critical role in heme synthesis pathway by facilitating δ-aminolevulinic acid production or export from the mitochondria. In contrast to previous reports, we show that ABCB10 is not a heme exporter and instead is required for the early mitochondrial steps of heme biosynthesis.