tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Lung Apolipoprotein A-I in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Tae Hoon Kim, Yoo Hoon Lee, Kyung Hun Kim, Shin Hwa Lee, Ji Yeon Cha, Eun Kyoung Shin, Seok Jung, An Soo Jang, Sung Woo Park, Soo Taek Uh, Young Hoon Kim, Jai Soung Park, Hwa Gyoun Sin, Wook Youm, Eun Suk Koh, Sun Young Cho, Young Ki Paik, Tai Youn Rhim, Choon Sik Park
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is caused by alterations in expression of proteins involved in multiple pathways, including matrix deposition, inflammation, injury, and repair.To understand the pathogenic changes in lung protein expression in IPF and to evaluate apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I as a candidate therapeutic molecule.Two-dimensional electrophoresis was adopted for differential display proteomics. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and ELISA were performed for identification and quantitative measurement of Apo A-I in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from subjects with IPF and experimental bleomycin-induced mice.Sixteen protein spots showed differences in relative intensity between IPF (n = 14) and healthy control subjects (n = 8). Nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed increase of haptoglobulin and decrease of alpha(1)-antitrypsin, alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin, macrophage capping protein, angiotensinogen, hemoglobin chain B, Apo A-I, clusterin, protein disulfide isomerase A3, immunoglobulin, and complement C4A in IPF compared with normal control subjects (P = 0.006-0.044). Apo A-I concentrations were lower in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from subjects with IPF (n = 28) than in normal control subjects (n = 18; P < 0.01). In bleomycin-treated mice, Apo A-I protein in BALF was lower than that in sham-treated control animals. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive staining on intraalveolar macrophages and epithelial cells of the lungs. Intranasal treatment with Apo A-I protein reduced the bleomycin-induced increases in number of inflammatory cells and collagen deposition in sham-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner.Alterations of several inflammatory and antiinflammatory proteins in the lungs may be related to the pathogenesis of IPF, and local treatment with Apo A-I is very effective against the development of experimental lung injury and fibrosis.
Prognostic factors of interstitial lung disease associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Yasunori Enomoto, Tamiko Takemura, Tae Iwasawa, Yuh Fukuda, Noriyo Yanagawa, Fumikazu Sakai, Tomohisa Baba, Eri Hagiwara, Takashi Ogura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objectives:  Interstitial lung disease associated with primary Sjogren9s syndrome (pSS-ILD) shows a variety of patterns such as nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). The prognostic factors in pSS-ILD remain unknown. Our objectives were to confirm whether UIP in pSS-ILD could be associated with poor prognosis as recognized in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, and to determine the prognostic factors.  Methods:  A retrospective review of medical records identified 33 consecutive patients with pSS-ILD pathologically proven by surgical lung biopsy between November 1998 and November 2008. Clinical, radiological, pathological characteristics and survival rate were analyzed, and compared between patients with NSIP and UIP. The prognostic factors were assessed with Cox proportional hazard model.  Results:  NSIP (n=22) was the most predominant ILD pattern, and the others were all diagnosed as UIP (n=11). The median follow-up period was 110 months. The five-year survival rate of all patients was 87.3%. The prognosis of patients with UIP was not significantly different from that with NSIP. Multivariate analysis revealed that PaCO 2  (hazard ratio [HR] 1.68 per 1 mm Hg increase, p Conclusions:  Survival outcome in UIP was not poorer than in NSIP. Retention of PaCO 2 , large extent of reticular abnormality on high-resolution CT, and severe fibroblastic foci were associated with poor prognosis in pSS-ILD.
Adjuvant chemotherapy after radical surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized study.
Authors: A Niiranen, S Niitamo-Korhonen, M Kouri, A Assendelft, K Mattson, S Pyrhönen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE The aims of this study were to assess the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival, disease-free survival, and relapse pattern, as well as its toxicity in patients who underwent radical surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred ten patients with T1-3N0 (World Health Organization [WHO] 1981) NSCLC underwent radical surgery during the period of 1982 through 1987. After surgery, the patients were randomized to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 54) (cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2, doxorubicin 40 mg/m2, and cisplatin 40 mg/m2 [CAP] for six cycles) or no active treatment (n = 56). RESULTS After 10 years from the start of the study, 61% of patients were alive in the chemotherapy group and 48% were alive in the control group (P = .050). Seventeen patients (31%) in the CAP group and 27 patients (48%) in the control group had a recurrence during the follow-up period (P = .01). The 5-year survival rate was 67% in the chemotherapy group and was 56% in the control group (P = .050). The patients in the chemotherapy group who completed the planned treatment had a slightly better 5-year survival than those whose chemotherapy was discontinued (72.5% v 50.3%; P = .15). Chemotherapy-related gastrointestinal toxicity grade 3 to 4 (WHO) occurred in 63% and was the main reason why patients refused further planned therapy. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that patients with NSCLC at pathologic stage I who have undergone radical surgery benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Chartis evaluation of collateral ventilation versus HRCT assessment, in predicting clinical outcomes following endobronchial valve therapy (EBV) in COPD patients
Authors: Samuel Lindquist, Steven Chung, Matthew Peters, Alvin Ing
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Studies suggest EBV insertion in heterogeneous severe COPD is most effective in patients with no collateral ventilation (CV-ve) involving the targeted lobe. Aim: To determine whether Chartis evaluation could predict clinical outcomes in COPD pts having EBV insertion and who were assessed as having a complete fissure by HRCT. Methods: A prospective parallel group study with all pts screened with HRCT. Destruction scores were determined for each lobe, fissure integrity was assessed in both lungs. Only pts with >10% differential in destruction scores and complete fissures (for the targeted lobe) were enrolled. All had lung function tests, 6 min walk, differential V/Q, and SGRQ scoring at baseline/30/90 days after EBV placement. Pts had Chartis testing of CV prior to EBV placement, but EBV was placed irrespective of the Chartis result. Results: 49 pts were screened. 9 had intact fissures on HRCT assessment and went onto Chartis Assessment and EBV placement. All had EBV placed in the left upper lobe and lingula. 7 pts were CV-ve on Chartis: 2 were CV+ve. In the CV-ve group. FEV1 [mean(SD)] increased from baseline 0.69(0.15) to 0.93(0.19)L; p<0.025; at 90 days. TLC decreased from 6.55 (1.28)L to 6.00 (1.11)L. p<0.01. SGRQ scores at 90 days were also significantly lower -43.2(10.5) vs 61.2 (8.7) p<0.01. The two subjects in the CV+ve group had no change in lung function. Conclusion: When used as a supplement to HRCT, Chartis assessment of CV predicts improvement in lung function and clinical outcomes in pts with severe COPD undergoing EBV therapy. Chartis should be incorporated into decision pathways relating to EBV insertion.
Rikkunshito ameliorates bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice
Authors: Hironobu Tsubouchi, Shigehisa Yanagi, Seiichi Iizuka, Sachiko Mogami, Kahori Miyoshi, Nobuhiro Matsumoto, Masamitsu Nakazato
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical illness syndrome consisting of acute respiratory failure with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates that is refractory to current therapies. ALI is characterized by injuries of the alveolar epithelial barrier, infiltrations of neutrophills into lung parenchyma, and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by devastating lung fibrosis.  Rikkunshito (RKT), a traditional Japanese medicine, consists of several kind of flavoniods which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, previous studies have reported that RKT increases plasma level of ghrelin, an acylated and orexygenic peptide, produced predominantly in the stomach. We investigated the pharmacological potential of RKT in the treatment of ALI by using a bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury model in mice.  RKT or distilled water was given to mice orally and daily starting from the day of BLM administration. RKT-treated mice showed a definitively higher survival rate than distilled water-treated ones. They also had smaller reductions in body weight and food intake compared to the controls. Additionally, RKT-treated mice showed reduction of pulmonary epithelial permeability, neutrophil alveolar infiltration, and subsequent lung fibrosis.  RKT administration resulted in increase of plasma levels of ghrelin in BLM-treated mice. However, RKT administration also exerted protective effects against BLM-induced ALI response on ghrelin-deficient mice in addition to ghrelin-competent mice.  Our results indicate that RKT administration exerts a protective effects on BLM-induced lung injury in mice independently of the effects of ghrelin, and highlight RKT as a promising therapeutic strategy for the control of the ALI.
The relative rate of DNA evolution in primates.
Authors: S Easteal
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1991)

In 73 relative-rate tests involving the sequences of 17 genes between humans and six nonhuman primate taxa, there is only one significant (P less than 0.01) difference in evolutionary rate--i.e., that between human and Old World-monkey psi eta-globin genes. No evolutionary rate difference between humans and Old World monkeys is evident from analysis of 18 other genes with a total length of 6 kb. This and the comparison, between humans and other primate taxa, of new extended psi eta-globin sequences suggest that earlier observations of evolutionary-rate differences between humans and other primates were based on differences that are peculiar to psi eta-globin and that are not representative of the whole genome, which appears to be evolving at a stochastically uniform rate. This is supported by whole-genome single-copy DNA and mitochondrial DNA comparisons, neither of which shows any evidence of evolutionary-rate variation among primate taxa. Uniformity in the evolutionary rate of the DNA of primate and other mammalian taxa is inconsistent with current mammalian fossil-record interpretation. Either there has been a general slowing down in rate across lineages or the fossil record has been misinterpreted.
Outcome Of Patients With Double-Hit Lymphomas Treated With CODOX-M/IVAC + R Followed By Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation In British Columbia
Authors: Haowei (Linda) Sun, Kerry J. Savage, Aly Karsan, Graham W. Slack, Cynthia L. Toze, Laurie H. Sehn, Yasser R Abou Mourad, Michael J. Barnett, Raewyn Broady, Joseph M. Connors, Donna Forrest, Randy D. Gascoyne, Alina S. Gerrie, Donna E. Hogge, Sujaatha Narayanan, Thomas J. Nevill, Stephen H. Nantel, Maryse M. Power, Heather J. Sutherland, Diego Villa, John D. Shepherd, Kevin Song
Journal: Blood (2013)
Web-based follow-up of CPAP compliance in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A pilot study
Authors: Valentina Isetta, Carmen Leon, Ramon Farre, Josep Maria Montserrat
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Despite its fast penetration in many fields, the application of information and communication technologies in the clinical practice is still very limited, especially in respiratory medicine. The Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a disease in which, because of its prevalence and chronic nature, telemedicine has a great potential.   Objective:  To develop and to assess the feasibility of a web-based follow-up of continuous positive pressure airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in OSAS patients.   Methods:  An easy-structured web site was created for this study and each patient was given access to his/her own data exclusively. By visiting the web site, patients could answer to a weekly questionnaire about symptoms, sleep quality, potential CPAP side effects, physical activity and body weight, having the patient access to continuously updated temporal trends in graphical format. Moreover, informative documents about OSAS and CPAP therapy were available to free download.   Results:  On a total of 163 consecutive patients of the Sleep Clinic, 66 reported minimum knowledge of the Internet and agreed to participate. After 12 weeks of monitoring, the participation rate was high (82%). In addition, patients responded to a satisfaction survey through the website, showing a level of agreement to the statement “Overall I am satisfied with the web service” of 4.3±0.58 points (1 = I strongly disagree, 5 = I strongly agree) and their potential interest in participating in a long-term web-based monitoring.   Conclusions:  The results of this pilot study show the potential usefulness of the Internet as a tool for home monitoring of OSAS patients and CPAP compliance improvement.
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease: historical perspectives, incidence, and current use of irradiated blood products.
Authors: B H Greenbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TGVHD) has been reported in 131 patients as a complication of supportive treatment with an overall 90% mortality. This study was undertaken to define the historical incidence of TGVHD, its symptomatology, and mortality among affected patients by age, diagnosis, and blood product transfused. Although the use of irradiated blood products (IBPs) virtually eliminates the risk of this highly lethal complication, the use of IBPs appears variable. To ascertain current use of IBPs, questionnaires were sent to 100 pediatric and adult hematologists, oncologists, and bone marrow transplant physicians asking their perceptions about and actual use of IBPs. The results of the questionnaire, information on irradiation effects on cellular blood products, and current recommendations for irradiation of blood products are discussed.
Intestinal Calcium Absorption in Exogenous Hypercortisonism
Authors: Robert G. Klein, Sara B. Arnaud, J. C. Gallagher, Hector F. Deluca, B. Lawrence Riggs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Pharmacologic doses of corticosteroids impair intestinal calcium absorption and contribute to negative calcium balance. However, the relationship between the impaired calcium absorption and a possible defect in the conversion of vitamin D to its physiologically active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, is unknown. We compared fractional calcium absorption (double-isotope method, 100-mg carrier) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) (Haddad method) in 27 patients receiving pharmacologic doses of prednisone with 27 age-, sex-, and season-matched normal subjects. In patients receiving high daily doses of prednisone (15-100 mg/day), calcium absorption (P < 0.02) and serum 25-OH-D (P < 0.001) were decreased. However, in patients receiving low doses (8-10 mg/day) or high doses (30-100 mg) of prednisone on an alternate-day schedule, both of these parameters were normal. Calcium absorption in the patients treated with daily prednisone correlated inversely with the dose of corticosteroids (r = -0.52, P < 0.025) and, in all steroid-treated patients, correlated directly with serum 25-OH-D (r = 0.58, P < 0.01). In four patients who received high-dose corticosteroid therapy for an average of 4 wk, serum 25-OH-D decreased by 35.5% from pretreatment values. Administration of a physiologic or near-physiologic dose of synthetic 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (0.4 mug daily for 7 days) to patients receiving high-dose corticosteroids led to an increase in calcium absorption in all patients. These results suggest that calcium malabsorption in the corticosteroid-treated patients is due to a dose-related abnormality of vitamin D metabolism and not to a direct effect of corticosteroids on depressing transmucosal intestinal absorption of calcium.
Determinants of functional deficits assessed by spirometry and plethysmography in children with bronchial asthma
Authors: Richard Kraemer, Gisela Wirz, Philipp Latzin, Oliver Fuchs
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Follow-up in asthmatic children is usually performed by spirometry, and hence without consideration of pulmonary hyperinflation. 'Effective' specific resistance(sReff) measures resistive changes throughout the whole breath cycle concomitantly to changes of resting end-expiratory level.[1]

Objectives. Defining the pattern of functional deficits and their changes over time in children with bronchial asthma.

Methods. Serial lung function measurements performed in 216 asthmatic children (age: 4.0 to 17.9 y) were analyzed retrospectively representing at least 3 annual tests, and providing functional residual capacity (FRCpleth), sReff, volume-time and flow-volume indices (FEV1, MEF50, and MMEF75-25). Data were expressed as SD-score computed by z-transformation using reference equations.

Results. Within the 1270 lung function tests spirometry failed to detect abnormal lung function in 24.1% of tests (plethysmography 1.7%). Bronchial obstruction (> 2SDS) was depicted by sRtot in 93.8%, sReff in 74.6%, MEF50 in 73.8 %, MMEF75-25 in 62.1% and FEV1 in 23.7% of tests. Moreover, pulmonary hyperinflation (FRCpleth > 2 SDS) was present in 26.7 %, mostly combined with obstruction (23.4 %). Independent from age at entry pulmonary hyperinflation remained to a certain degree despite treatment (LABA and ICS).

Conclusions. Apart from spirometry, follow-up of asthmatic children should include plethysmographic measurements, because changes in static lung volumes influence airway dynamics, mimicking normal flow-volume curves. Moreover, patients with pulmonary hyperinflation are less responsive to standard treatment.

[1] Matthys H, Orth U. Respiration 1975: 32(2): 121-134.
Calculated plasma volume status and prognosis in chronic heart failure
Authors: Hua Zen Ling, Julia Flint, Morten Damgaard, Peter K. Bonfils, Adrian S. Cheng, Suneil Aggarwal, Shanti Velmurugan, Michelle Mendonca, Mohammed Rashid, Swan Kang, Francesco Papalia, Susanne Weissert, Caroline J. Coats, Martin Thomas, Michael Kuskowski, Jay N. Cohn, Simon Woldman, Inder S. Anand, Darlington O. Okonko
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)
Prevalence of anxiety and depression in COPD and effects on health-related quality of life and exercise capacity
Authors: Melanie Curtis, Sarah Jones, Samantha Kon, Jane Canavan, Claire Nolan, Amy Clark, Stuart Green, Derek Bell, William Man
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Psychological comorbidity may impact on HRQoL and exercise performance in patients with COPD.   Aims: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in stable outpatients with COPD;and the effects of psychological comorbidity on HRQoL and exercise performance.  Methods: 1251 consecutive COPD patients attending respiratory outpatients were recruited. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS),Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ),COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and incremental shuttle walk (ISW) were measured. Patients were stratified according to risk of anxiety or depression (0-7 normal,8-10 suggestive of mood disorder,11 or more probable mood disorder).  Results: The prevalence of probable anxiety and depression were 24.9% and 19.0% respectively. Table 1&2 summarises CAT,CRQ and ISW stratified according to HADS-A and HADS-D category.  Conclusions: Prevalence of psychological comorbidity in hospital outpatients with COPD is high,is associated with impaired HRQoL and reduced exercise capacity.
Microprocessor controlled movement of liquid gastric content using sequential neural electrical stimulation
Authors: M P Mintchev, C P Sanmiguel, S J Otto, K L Bowes
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —Gastric electrical stimulation has been attempted for several years with little success. Aims —To determine whether movement of liquid gastric content could be achieved using microprocessor controlled sequential electrical stimulation. Methods —Eight anaesthetised dogs underwent laparotomy and implantation of four sets of bipolar stainless steel wire electrodes. Each set consisted of two to six electrodes (10×0.25 mm, 3 cm apart) implanted circumferentially. The stomach was filled with water and the process of gastric emptying was monitored. Artificial contractions were produced using microprocessor controlled phase locked bipolar four second trains of 50 Hz, 14 V (peak to peak) rectangular voltage. In four of the dogs four force transducers were implanted close to each circumferential electrode set. In one gastroparetic patient the effect of direct electrical stimulation was determined at laparotomy. Results —Using the above stimulating parameters circumferential gastric contractions were produced which were artificially propagated distally by phase locking the stimulating voltage. Averaged stimulated gastric emptying times were significantly shorter than spontaneus emptying times (t 1/2 6.7 (3.0) versus 25.3 (12.9) minutes, p&lt;0.01). Gastric electrical stimulation of the gastroparetic patient at operation produced circumferential contractions. Conclusions —Microprocessor controlled electrical stimulation produced artificial peristalsis and notably accelerated the movement of liquid gastric content.
SCF-β-TrCP E3 Ubiquitin Ligase-Mediated Proteolysis Of EZH2 Regulates H3K27 Trimethylation Activity In Germinal Center-Derived B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Anagh A Sahasrabuddhe, Xiaofei Chen, Fuzon Chung, Thirunavukkarasu Velusamy, Megan S Lim, Kojo S.J. Elenitoba-Johnson
Journal: Blood (2013)
High Frequency of Therapeutically Relevant Genomic Alterations in Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer Detected By Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing from Small Biopsy Samples
Authors: S. Umemura, K. Tsuchihara, S. Mimaki, S. Matsumoto, G. Ishii, H. Ohmatsu, S. Niho, K. Yoh, Y. Ohe, K. Goto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)