tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF FORMALIN IN THE TREATMENT OF BLEPHARITIS.
Authors: H. MOULTON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

During the past year I have employed formalin in all cases of blepharitis. To apply it I use a toothpick with a small cotton mop wrapped on the tip so that it does not take up enough solution to run into the conjunctiva. The solution is made of the strength of 2 per cent. to 1 per cent., beginning with the weaker. It must be frequently renewed or prepared extemporaneously at the time of using, in order to insure uniformity of strength. The lid is drawn away from the eye-ball. The mop dipped in the solution is rubbed gently along the margin among the lashes until all the scales and crusts are removed and until the surface of any little pustule is rubbed off. The site of disease is thus left clean and smooth. The mop is renewed a time or two during each operation. A little bland oil may be
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYMPTOMS AMONGST ENDOSCOPISTS
Authors: S Burska, B Ryan
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Gastroenterologists may be at risk of overuse / repetitive strain type injuries. The number, complexity and duration of endoscopic procedures, in addition to the career duration are possible contributing factors. Anecdotally and in limited literature, endoscopists report a variety of musculoskeletal problems. Much attention has been paid to the safety of patients during endoscopic procedures, but the safety of the physician is often forgotten. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> Firstly to establish the frequency and character of musculoskeletal symptoms in endoscopists and to compare to those in physicians in non-interventional specialties. Secondly to investigate possible contributing factors to these symptoms in endoscopists. <h3>Method</h3> Online questionnaires were created which contained 13 simple questions about speciality, age, number, duration and complexity of procedures performed, handedness and other physical activities. Questionnaires were distributed and collected on ISGE meeting and also accessible via the BSG website. <h3>Results</h3> 86 responses have been collected to date. Most of them experienced back (43%), neck (36%) or shoulder pain (35%). Physicians perceived that table height and monitor positions were contributors. Musculoskeletal problems were surprisingly not more common in older doctors, who have been scoping for longer. The results from non-interventional specialties are currently awaited and will be available for comparison in the coming weeks. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Musculoskeletal symptoms are relatively common amongst endoscopists, and surprisingly were not more common in older, longer practising endoscopists. Our results will be compared to age matched groups of doctors involved in non interventional specialities to try to assess the impact of endoscopy on health. Further exploration of endoscopy workstation and tool design changes may be of benefit to the longterm health of endoscopists.
P769Serum biomarkers and key carotid atherosclerotic plaque morphology parameters determined in vivo using a novel, fully-quantitative virtual histology image analysis algorithm
Authors: P Musialek, L Tekieli, A Mazurek, W Dabrowski, E Stepien, P Pieniazek, A Kablak-Ziembicka, K Zmudka, A Undas, P Podolec
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Recent evidence shows that blood biomarkers, in isolation, are largely ineffective in risk stratification of carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CS) symptomatic transformation. Stenosis degree is a poor marker of symptom risk while plaque morphology may play a role. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides high-resolution (axial ≤0.12mm for 20MHz transducer) imaging, but conventional phenotypic virtual histology (VH-IVUS) plaque classification poor between-center/-observer reproducibility limits any wider applicability. Moreover, conventional VH-IVUS, addressing total content of eg necrotic core (NC), does not discriminate focal vs. dissociated NC that is relevant to rupture risk. We investigated whether quantitative measures of key plaque components implicated in rupture risk are related to levels of several circulating biomarkers. Methods: We developed a novel software-based algorithm for detailed, fully-quantitative VH-IVUS analysis of key plaque components known for their role in plaque rupture/thrombosis. In 21 plaques we validated inter-transducer (2 transducers) and inter-observer (3 observers) reproducibility of qVH-IVUS analysis including minimal fibrous cap (FC) thickness, and peak confluent NC area, thickness and arc. Next we employed our qVH-IVUS algorithm to evaluate CS lesions in 252 consecutive patients (age 47–83, 63.4% men, h/o CS-attributable symptoms in 50.3%) presenting for potential CS revascularization. Finally, in the first 200 subjects we determined the levels of a panel of biomarkers and preformed regression analysis in search for quantitative CS morphology/biomarker associations. Results: qVH-IVUS revealed significant differences in minimal FC thickness (0.41±0.04 v 0.34±0.05 v 0.16±0.02 v 0.19±0.03mm), peak confl NC area (3.0±0.2 v 2.5±0.3 v 4.4±0.4 v 3.4±0.5mm2), arc (87.1±6 v 67.2±6 v 121.6±9 v 94.0±9deg) and thickness (0.88±0.04 v 1.07±0.07 v 1.34±0.06 v 1.16±0.11 mm); data for asympt CS in absence of contralat symptoms, asympt CS in presence of contralat symptoms, recently symptomatic and remotely symptomatic CS, p<0.001 for all. While hsCRP was not correlated with min FC (r=-0.24, p=0.74) or NC area (r=0.05, p=0.48), TIMP correlated with min FC (r=0.34, p=0.001). Modest though highly significant correlations were identified between Lp-PLA2 and confl NC area (r=0.3, p=0.0001), HDL and confl NC thckn (r=-0.21, p=0.002). Fibrinogen level correlated with % plaque fibrotic content (r=0.19, p=0.008). Conclusion: These findings provide novel insights into circulating biomarker/quantitative plaque morphology associations that may be relevant to plaque biology and risk.
Plekhh2, a novel podocyte protein downregulated in human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, is involved in matrix adhesion and actin dynamics
Authors: Ljubica Perisic, Mark Lal, Jenny Hulkko, Kjell Hultenby, Björn Önfelt, Ying Sun, Fredrik Dunér, Jaakko Patrakka, Christer Betsholtz, Mathias Uhlen, Hjalmar Brismar, Karl Tryggvason, Annika Wernerson, Timo Pikkarainen
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
A Citation Analysis of the Impact of Blinded Peer Review
Authors: David N. Laband
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine whether articles published in journals using blinded peer review receive significantly more or fewer citations than those published in journals using nonblinded peer review.Drawing from a sample of 1051 full articles published in 28 economics journals during 1984, we used nonlinear regression and ordered probit techniques to estimate the impact of blinded peer review on citations of these articles in 1985 through 1989.Citations of articles.Articles published in journals using blinded peer review were cited significantly more than articles published in journals using nonblinded peer review, controlling for a variety of author, article, and journal attributes.Nonblinded peer review apparently suffers from type I error to a greater extent than blinded peer review. That is, journals using nonblinded peer review published a larger fraction of papers that should not have been published than do journals using blinded peer review. When reviewers know the identity of the author(s) of an article, they are able to (and evidently do) substitute particularistic criteria for universalistic criteria in their evaluative process.
Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
Authors: ROBERT D. GILBERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1973Inappropriate Antidiuretic HormoneROBERT D. GILBERT, M.D.ROBERT D. GILBERT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-3-462_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The report of Miller and Moses (Ann Intern Med77:715-721, 1972) documenting the usefulness of the radioimmunoassay of urinary antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was impressive. But their data do not support their conclusion, as paraphrased in their abstract: "The urinary ADH response to water loading allows the certain diagnosis of inappropriate ADH syndrome. . . ." Although the antidiuretic hormone excretion was dramatically different from "normal" in their patients with the syndrome, no data on patients with hyponatremia and congestive heart failure, myxedema, or cirrhosis were presented. In fact, these diagnoses were rightly excluded on clinical grounds from... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Computer Research and Technology National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1973Volume 78, Issue 3Page: 462-462KeywordsAntidiuretic hormoneCirrhosisExcretionHeart failureHyponatremiaRadioimmunoassays Issue Published: 1 March 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Association of Epstein–Barr Virus with Smooth-Muscle Tumors Occurring after Organ Transplantation
Authors: Elsie S. Lee, Joseph Locker, Michael Nalesnik, Jorge Reyes, Ronald Jaffe, Mouied Alashari, Bakr Nour, Andreas Tzakis, Paul S. Dickman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, some lymphomas, and lymphoproliferative disease after organ transplantation. Many lymphoproliferative tumors that occur after transplantation are clonal, a property that classifies them as neoplastic. Clonality can be determined by analysis of the extrachromosomal circular DNA episomes produced by EBV infection.We describe three young children in whom smooth-muscle tumors developed 18 months to 5 1/2 years after liver transplantation with immunosuppression. We examined the tumors by microscopy and with immunohistochemical studies and molecular genetic analyses of the EBV DNA:The tumors were composed of spindle cells with smooth-muscle features and resembled those described in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Immunohistochemical analysis was negative for EBV latent membrane protein and EBV receptor (CD21), but positive for EBV nuclear antigen 2. In situ hybridization revealed nuclear EBV sequences, and molecular genetic analysis showed the EBV genome to be clonal in all three patients.Smooth-muscle tumors that developed after organ transplantation contained clonal EBV, suggesting that the virus has a role in the development of these neoplastic lesions.
CARCINOMA OF THE SPLEEN AND STOMACH, WITH UNUSUAL BLOOD PICTURE
Authors: A. M. SHOEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1910)

M. K., male, aged 38, single, came under my care Nov. 12, 1909. <h3>Previous History.—</h3> Patient had typhoid fever 20 years, ago, pleurisy 6 weeks previously, a slight cough for thirteen years, and a history of catching cold very easily. Previously to the pleurisy, he had apparently been in good health. <h3>Family History.—</h3> Father, mother, six brothers and one sister all living and well. <h3>Subjective Symptoms.—</h3> Slight cough, watery expectoration, poor appetite and poor digestion, with symptoms of fermentation, alternate constipation and diarrhea, slight and intermittent pain in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. <h3>Physical Examination.—</h3> Patient was emaciated (height 5 feet 4 inches, present weight 108½ pounds, highest previous weight 130 pounds, and average weight 120 pounds), extremely anemic, skin of a sallow pasty white, tongue red at the tip, beefy in appearance and coated posteriorly. Impairment of each apex, more marked on the right side, with increased
Vascular invasion and histopathologic grading determine outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis
Authors: Sven Jonas, Wolf O. Bechstein, Thomas Steinmüller, Martin Herrmann, Cornelia Radke, Thomas Berg, Utz Settmacher, Peter Neuhaus
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Selection of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis for liver transplantation follows limits of number and diameter of tumor nodules. It has not been investigated whether there is a correlation of these parameters with vascular invasion. From 1989 to 2000, 1,188 liver transplantations were performed in 1,087 patients, including 120 patients (11%) with an HCC in cirrhosis. Selection criteria were a maximal diameter of up to 5 cm if the tumor appeared to be uninodular or of up to 3 cm in the case of 2 or 3 nodules. The postoperative mortality rate was 1.7%. One–, 5–, and 10–year survival was 90%, 71%, and 60%, respectively. In 940 transplantation patients without an HCC, these rates were 93%, 87%, and 83% ( P &lt; .0001). Vascular invasion and histopathologic grading were identified as prognostic parameters by multivariate analysis. In a logistic regression analysis, histopathologic grading and maximal diameter showed a significant correlation with a vascular invasion. Analyzing tumors larger than 5 cm, i.e. , tumors not fulfilling the selection criteria as a result of diagnostic inaccuracy or progression thereafter, the rates of vascular invasion were significantly ( P &lt; .01) lower in patients suffering from well–differentiated tumors (25%) when compared with moderately and poorly differentiated tumors (100%). Liver transplantation is a safe and effective long–term treatment for small HCC in cirrhosis. Tumor diameter and number of nodules in correlation with the histopathologic grading were predictive of a vascular invasion only in HCC larger than 5 cm.
Membrane-permeant, DNA-binding agents alter intracellular trafficking and increase the transfection efficiency of complexed plasmid DNA
Authors: Sylvia Fong, Yong Liu, Timothy Heath, Paul Fong, Denny Liggitt, Robert J. Debs
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Nuclear delivery of extracellular DNA by nonviral vectors is inhibited by a series of cell membrane and compartmental barriers. Certain cationic amphiphiles that partition through cellular membranes to bind genomic DNA can enhance nuclear delivery of plasmid DNA. Specifically, delivering plasmid DNA complexed to the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33258 produces cellular transfection levels similar to those achieved by cationic liposome:DNA complexes (CLDC), with less toxicity. Incorporating Hoechst into CLDC or polyethyleneimine:DNA complexes significantly increased reporter gene expression, as well as the percentage of cells transfected. Hoechst:CLDC significantly improved transfection of nondividing cells and efficiently transfected cells in the presence of anionic molecules that block cellular uptake of and transfection by CLDC alone. Hoechst:CLDC also increased gene expression in mouse tissues following intravenous delivery. Delivery of fluorescently labeled plasmid DNA via Hoechst altered its intracellular trafficking by both minimizing lysosomal sequestration and accelerating delivery into the nucleus. Agents such as Hoechst constitute a novel class of nonviral carriers that can confer their membrane-permeant properties on complexed DNA, thus redirecting its intracellular trafficking. In addition, binding of Hoechst 33258 to specific chromosomal DNA target sequences and its ability to modulate transcription may further enhance the expression of delivered genes.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN CHICKENPOX AND SMALLPOX.
Authors: HEMAN SPALDING
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In conversation with an eminent dermatologist recently, he made the remark that he had never seen chickenpox in an adult. I thought it a remarkable statement in so experienced a man, inasmuch as I had seen a large number of such cases while connected with the Department of Health of Chicago. I subsequently noticed a statement published in the<i>Cleveland Journal of Medicine</i>, by Dr. William Thomas Corlett, to the effect that he had never seen a case of chickenpox in an individual after puberty. A little laterThe Journal of the American Medical Associationeditorially said that chickenpox in an adult was so rare an occurrence that "it might be a safe rule in some respects to call every case in an adult smallpox that one feels tempted to diagnose as varicella." An adult with a supposed case of chickenpox either has or has not chickenpox. If he has
Metaplasia of Bronchial Epithelium
Authors: David M. Spain
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In 500 apparently "healthy" adults who died suddenly and unexpectedly and who lived and worked within the environs of a large urban area noted for its air pollution, autopsy studies revealed that 50% of all adult nonsmokers had metaplasia of their tracheobronchial epithelium. Metaplasia was present in 70% of male cigarette smokers. Women in each category revealed half the frequency of metaplasia present in the men. Metaplasia was present in less than 20% of men under the age of 30 years, rose to a peak of 80% at age 50 years, and gradually declined in frequency after the age of 60 years.
Abstract P1-02-01: Vasohibin-1 in Human Breast Carcinoma: A Potential Negative Feedback Regulator of Angiogenesis
Authors: K Tamaki, T Ishida, M Miyashita, Y Sato, N Tamaki, N Ohuchi, H. Sasano
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Vasohibin-1 is a recently identified negative feedback regulator of angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. This is the first study to evaluate immunoreactivity and mRNA expression of Vasohibin-1 in human breast disorders. Material and Methods: We examined 251 breast specimens including invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC: 148), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS:62), fibroadenoma (FA:16), inflammatory lesion (6), fibrocystic change(9) and non-pathological breast tissue(7). We immunolocalized vasohibin-1 and compared its immunoreactivity to that of VEGF-A, VEGF receptor 2 (Flk-1), CD31 and Ki-67. The correlation of vasohibin-1 immunoreactibity with overall survival (OS), and disease free survival (DFS) of the breast carcinoma patients was also evaluated. In addition, we evaluated Ki-67 and CD31, and Ki-67 and vasohibin-1 double-immunostaining for further characterization of neovascularization. We also evaluated mRNA expression of Vasohibin-1 using a real-time quantitative RT-PCR with LightCycler system. Results: Vasohibin-1 was detected in endothelial cells of human breast and its immunodensity was significantly higher in IDC and inflammatory lesion than the other types (P&amp;lt;0.001). As for DCIS, there was a significant positive correlation between vasohibin-1 expression level and nuclear grade or Van Nuys classification of carcinoma cells (P&amp;lt;0.001). In addition, a significant positive correlation was detected between vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A, Flk-1 or Ki-67 (P&amp;lt;0.001). There was also positive associations between vasohibin-1 and OS (P=0.004) and DFS (P&amp;lt;0.001). Results of double-immunostaining demonstrated the ratio of Ki-67-positive cells among vasohibin-1-positive endothelial cells (46.5%) was significantly higher than those among CD31-positive cells (23.5%). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between Vasohibin-1 mRNA level and Ki-67 or high nuclear grade(P&amp;lt;0.001). Discussion: This is the first study demonstrating the status of vasohibin-1 in human breast lesions, which indicates that vasohibin-1 is associated with neovascularization and may especially play important roles in the regulation of intratumoral angiogenesis in human breast cancer. Vasohibin-1 is supposed to be induced in the downstream of VEGF-A/Flk-1 signaling pathway and considered an appropriate biomarker for intratumoral neovascularization. In addition, these results clearly indicated that vasohibin-1 expression may become one of the prognostic markers for metastasis and prognosis, and also become one of the appropriate biomarker of the potential of subsequent stromal invasion of carcinoma cells. Figures available in online version. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-02-01.
Congenital Absence of the Uterus and Anus, the Rectum Ending in the Vagina.
Authors: J. W. Bullard
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Pawnee City, Neb., Aug. 10, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —After describing the more usual forms of malformations, Dr. C. A. Kelsey,<sup>1</sup>says: "In addition to these more common malformations there are various others. The anus may open by an abnormal anus at any point in the perineal or sacral regions, or it may end in the bladder, urethra or vagina." Bearing on this subject I wish to report the following interesting case which came under my observation: Miss—, age 23 years, small of stature, of good family history, has one older sister who menstruated quite young; has never menstruated. About a year and a half ago she and her mother came to me with the following history: when she was born, it was discovered that there was no anal orifice and she was given up to die by the physicians, but after a few days straining the nurse noticed
Necrotizing Toxoplasmic Encephalitis and Herpetic Pneumonia Complicating Treated Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Allen W. Cheever, Marius P. Valsamis, Alan S. Rabson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

DECREASED resistance to infection has frequently been described in patients with Hodgkin's disease,1 and therapeutic agents commonly used, such as corticosteroids, alkylating agents and x-rays, are all known to interfere with the immune response. It is not surprising, therefore, that cases of multiple severe infections complicating Hodgkin's disease so treated have been reported in recent years. The present report describes a case in which extensive necrotizing toxoplasmic encephalitis presented as a space-occupying intracranial mass. Another unusual feature of the case was the presence of herpetic pneumonia.Case ReportA 27-year-old salesman (N.I.H. 02–89–30) was admitted to the Clinical Center for . . .
Cellular immunity to cartilage proteoglycans: relevance to the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: P Jobanputra, E H Choy, G H Kingsley, J Sieper, A A Palacios-Boix, D Heinegard, G S Panayi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Cellular immunity to cartilage proteoglycans may be responsible for sustaining chronic inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis. This hypothesis was examined by measuring peripheral blood and synovial fluid mononuclear cell proliferation in five preparations of human cartilage proteoglycan monomer in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 25 patients and synovial fluid mononuclear cells from five patients were compared with those from normal and disease control subjects matched for age. No significant differences were found between the three groups. This suggests that autoimmune responses to cartilage proteoglycans are unlikely to play a significant part in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis.