tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Ocular Fundus: Methods of Examination and Typical Findings
Authors: John A. Buesseler
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Today, when many medical schools in the United States are devoting only a minimal amount of time to ophthalmology in their curricula, it is especially important that appropriate means for selfeducation be made available to medical students and practitioners. This book helps fill the need.  Numerous superb color photographs (98) make this small volume a handy clinical reference atlas of fundus pathology. The descriptive text is both concise and lucid, giving excellent support to the 128 illustrations.  The book is divided into two sections. The first primarily describes methods of ophthalmological examination, the second contains fundus photographs accompanied by explanatory text. Frederick C. Blodi, Professor of Ophthalmology at the University of Iowa, in addition to translating the text from German, authored the chapter on ophthalmological examination. It represents an up-date description of instrumentations and procedures useful to physicians and students who desire to evaluate effectively, but with a minimum of
Regulation of Firearms
Authors: David Hemenway
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

In the United States, the rates of injury and death due to firearms and the rate of crimes committed with firearms are far higher than those in any other industrialized nation. Every hour, guns are used to kill four people and to commit 120 crimes in our country.Perhaps the most appropriate international comparisons are among the United States and other developed “frontier” countries where English is spoken: Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. These four nations have similar cultures, and all have histories that include the violent displacement of indigenous populations. They also have similar rates of property crime and . . .
Human germinal mutagenic effects in relation to intentional and accidental exposure to toxic agents.
Authors: A E Czeizel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This paper presents examples of epidemiological evaluation of exposure- and cluster-type mutations in human populations. The self-poisoning model did not show that offspring born from mothers after a semi-lethal self-poisoning had higher rates of prenatal selection (fetal death) or abnormalities due to germinal mutations; however, an intrauterine growth retardation was found. The surveillance function of the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry has detected many cluster-type situations, one example of which is an extreme increase of Down's syndrome in a small Hungarian village in 1989 to 1990. Environmental investigations have pointed to the excessive use of trichlorfon at local fish farms as the cause.
Carcinoid tumors of the duodenum and the ampulla of Vater: Current diagnostic and therapeutic approach in a series of 8 patients. Case series
Authors: George C. Nikou, Christos Toubanakis, Konstantinos G. Moulakakis, Spiridon Pavlatos, Christos Kosmidis, Elias Mallas, Panayiotis Safioleas, George H. Sakorafas, Michael C. Safioleas
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2011)
Closed-chest circulatory support by pump-oxygenator in experimental ventricular fibrillation at normal temperature.
Authors: E Proctor
Journal: Thorax (1966)

Interest is growing in the use of closed-chest circulatory support via peripheral cannulation, using pumps or pump-oxygenators, both in emer- gencies encountered during the post-operative period following intracardiac surgery (Spencer, Eiseman, Trinkle, and Rossi, 1965) and electively in intracranial surgery using profound hypothermia and cardiac arrest (Woodhall, Sealy, Hall, and Floyd, 1960; Michenfelder, Kirklin, Uihlein, Svien, and MacCarty, 1964).However, the use of a pump-oxygenator to provide circulatory support in non-surgical cardiopulmonary emergencies such as acute myocardial infarction with shock is still rarely exploited in spite of the early work of Stuckey, Newman, Dennis, Berg, Goodman, Fries, Karlson, Blumenfeld, Weitzner, Binder, and Winston (1957).There is some justification for this neglect.Experimentally, Ross, Gilbert, Sharp, and Morrow (1958) in the open-chest animal, and more recently Patterson and Ray (1962) and Johnston, Nield, Pritchard, and Hercus (1965) in the closed- chest animal, have pointed to the danger of high left atrial pressures developing during veno- arterial bypass in the presence of cardiac arrest or acute left heart failure, due to the accumu- lating inflow of pulmonary, bronchial, and thebesian blood into the left heart.The left atrial pressure was more likely to rise if it was already high at the start of bypass (a strong possibility in acute left heart failure), and also if the circulatory support flow rate was high (as it may need to be at normal temperature if a reduction in the work load and oxygen consumption of the myocardium is desired (Salisbury, Bor, Lewin, and Rieben, 1959; Schenk, Delin, Camp, McDonald, Pollock, Gage, and Chardack, 1964)).There would be little point in raising the systemic arterial pressure and increasing the coronary flow if pulmonary oedema and acute distension of the left heart resulted.
Multidrug-Resistant Proteus rettgeri: An Emerging Problem
Authors: PAUL B. IANNINI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

The recent development of multidrug-resistant strains of Proteus rettgeri prompted a 6-year review of infections with this organism. Ninety percent of infections involved the urinary tract. Fifty percent of infections occurred on the neurology ward, where a progressive annual increase in attack rate was noted. Statistically significant (P < 0.005) increases in total length of hospitalization, length of hospitalization before infection, presence and duration of indwelling Foley catheterization, prior exposure to antibiotics, and the prevalence of paraplegia were present in P. rettgeri urinary tract infections as compared with a control group. A progressive increase in resistance to kanamycin, streptomycin, ampicillin, and gentamicin occurred during 6 years. Disc diffusion sensitivities of recent isolates show total resistance to commonly tested antibiotics. Eighty percent or more of strains are inhibited, however, by 3.13 µg/ml of amikacin and cefoxitin, and 0.4 µg/ml of ticarcillin.
The incorporation of acetate and palmitate into lipids by human platelets
Authors: Daniel Deykin, Richard K. Desser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The optimal conditions for the incorporation of acetate-1-(14)C and palmitic acid-1-(14)C into platelet lipids have been described. In buffer incubations with acetate there was a sharp pH optimum at 6.8; in plasma incubations, there was a broad pH optimum between 6.8-7.4. Maximal incorporation of acetate occurred at a final concentration of 1.5 mmoles/liter. In buffer, no labeled lipids were released from platelets into the medium. In plasma, 40% of newly formed lipids was recovered in the plasma. 75% of the incorporated acetate could be recovered in ceramide, lecithin, and free fatty acids. Platelet fatty acids were formed both by de novo synthesis and chain elongation. The fatty acids formed by de novo synthesis exchanged with plasma free fatty acids. In buffer incubations no turnover of newly labeled lipids occurred, but in the plasma incubations exchange of newly labeled lecithin with plasma lipids was demonstrable. Palmitic acid-1-(14)C added to plasma was incorporated into platelet lipids. The distribution among the lipid classes of palmitate taken up from plasma was the same as that of palmitate formed intracellularly by de novo synthesis.
THE OPERATION OF A BREAST MILK DAIRY
Authors: HENRY DWIGHT CHAPIN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In spite of all advances in the preparation of substitute feeding, the tendency in recent years has been to stress the great desirability of utilizing the breast. It has been estimated that about 80 per cent, of babies dying before the completion of the first year are bottle fed. Hence the most feasible and practical way of reducing infant mortality during the first year will lie in encouraging maternal feeding. The possibilities of the human breast under proper control have been emphasized by the work of the lamented Sedgwick and his colleagues. With suitable care and manipulation, results can often be obtained that are little short of marvelous. One of the most remarkable anomalies in vital statistics consists in the fact that in New York City the infant death rate is lowest in some of the poorest and most densely populated districts. Thus, in the twentysixth district, with a density
The rational imagination and other possibilities
Authors: Ruth M. J. Byrne
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract In this response I discuss some of the key issues raised by the commentators on The Rational Imagination . I consider whether the imaginative creation of alternatives to reality is rational or irrational, and what happens in childhood cognition to enable a rational imagination to develop. I outline how thoughts about causality, counterfactuality, and controllability are intertwined and why some sorts of possibilities are more readily imagined than others. I conclude with a consideration of what the counterfactual imagination is for.
Dutch face disclosure of medical records
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1998)

People who take out life insurance in the Netherlands from 1 March may have to authorise disclosure of their medical records if they die within a fixed period.

The proposal, from the association of insurers, would end the position in which Dutch doctors are the only doctors in Europe who are not allowed to disclose information on patients relating to life insurance claims. The association wants to tighten up the current requirements because of what it claims …
Future of the B.M.A
Authors: M. J. Illingworth, I. R. Richardson, W. W. Kennedy, G. B. McKelvie, C. E. Barth, J. Rankin, J. M. Fowler, A. S. Biggart, K. J. Alexander, M. M. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1972)

<b>Objective:</b> To prospectively determine gait-related risk factors for lower leg overuse injury (LLOI). <b>Design:</b> A prospective cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> Male and female recruits from a start-to-run (STR) program during a 10-week training period. <b>Participants:</b> One hundred thirty one healthy subjects (20 men and 111 women), without a history of any lower-leg complaint, participated in the study. <b>Interventions:</b> Before the start of the 10-week STR program, plantar force measurements during running were performed. During STR, lower leg injuries were diagnosed and registered by a sports physician. <b>Main outcome measurements:</b> Plantar force measurements during running were performed using a footscan pressure plate (RsScan International). <b>Results:</b> During the STR, 27 subjects (5 male and 22 female) developed a LLOI. Logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects who developed a LLOI had a significantly more laterally directed force distribution at first metatarsal contact and forefoot flat, a more laterally directed force displacement in the forefoot contact phase, foot flat phase and at heel-off. These subjects also had a delayed change of the center of force (COF) at forefoot flat, a higher force and loading underneath the lateral border of the foot, and a significantly higher directed force displacement of the COF at forefoot flat. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that a less pronated heel strike and a more laterally directed roll-off can be considered as risk factors for LLOI. Clinically, the results of this study can be considered important in identifying persons at risk for LLOI.
Hepatocyte growth factor (hepatopoietin A) rapidly increases in plasma before DNA synthesis and liver regeneration stimulated by partial hepatectomy and carbon tetrachloride administration
Authors: Pamela M. Lindroos, Reza Zarnegar, George K. Michalopoulos
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the level of hepatocyte growth factor in rat plasma at various times after two-thirds partial hepatectomy or CCl4 administration. An initial 17-fold rise and 13-fold rise in the level of hepatocyte growth factor was observed 2 hr after partial hepatectomy and CCl4 treatment, respectively, well before the onset of DNA synthesis in the liver. The peaks of DNA synthesis in remnant livers and livers exposed to CCl4 occurred at 24 hr and 48 hr, respectively, as determined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling and [3H]thymidine uptake by the liver. A later peak level (17-fold above control) of hepatocyte growth factor at 24 hr after CCl4 treatment coincided with strong immunostaining of damaged or necrotic hepatocytes around central veins with an antibody to hepatocyte growth factor. This suggests a later intrahepatic origin of the signals for liver regeneration after hepatotoxic injury subsequent to the early extrahepatic production of hepatocyte growth factor at 2 hr after CCl4 administration. The absence of staining in the liver remnants in partially hepatectomized rats implies that the increase in hepatocyte growth factor seen in the plasma is caused by production at extrahepatic site(s). Possible sources include the pancreas, brain, thyroid and salivary glands, and Brunner's glands of the duodenum. Norepinephrine also increases in plasma as early as 2 hr after hepatectomy. In vitro, [3H]thymidine incorporation into hepatocyte DNA in the presence of hepatocyte growth factor is greater if 10(-5) mol/L norepinephrine is also present in the media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Lung
Authors: Harold J. Livingston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

"EXTENSIVE pulmonary involvement may be found in Letterer–Siwe disease, Hand-Schiiller Christian disease and eosinophilic granuloma of bone. Originally, these conditions were described as individual entities. Recently, however, there is a growing sentiment that they are variations of the same basic pathologic process and represent the acute or chronic and localized or disseminated form of the same disorder. Primary eosinophilic granuloma of the lung, with or without other visceral or skeletal involvement, though rare, has been more frequently recognized since Farinacci, Jeffrey and Lackey1 first described 2 cases in 1951. Thompson et al.,2 in 1958, reported an additional case, bringing the . . .
Simplified Generation of High-Titer Retrovirus Producer Cells for Clinically Relevant Retroviral Vectors by Reversible Inclusion of a lox-P-Flanked Marker Gene
Authors: Rainer Loew, Nathalie Selevsek, Boris Fehse, Dorothee von Laer, Christopher Baum, Axel Fauser, Klaus Kuehlcke
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Retroviral producer cells are generated by the introduction of a viral genome into "helper" cell lines containing all the necessary components for viral packaging and the release of infectious particles. The selection of high-titer vector producer cells is most efficient if the vector genome encodes a selectable marker, while it is extremely tedious to select high-titer producer clones if the transgene cannot be detected and selected directly. Here we describe the development of a screening system that uses reversible integration of lox-P-flanked eGFP as a qualitative and quantitative marker gene in two different vector systems, greatly facilitating the selection of viral producer cells. After selection and titration of high-titer viral producer cells based on eGFP expression, the eGFP gene could be removed from the provirus by transient introduction of Cre-recombinase into the producer cells, thus allowing the production of therapeutic relevant vectors expressing solely the gene of interest. However, after removal of the marker gene a slight but consistent increase in viral titers compared to the respective control vectors was found, independent of the transgene or backbone used. The single lox-P site retained in the vector backbone does not affect gene expression level or fidelity of RNA processing.
BLASTOMYCOSIS OF EYE AND FACE SECONDARY TO LUNG INFECTION
Authors: A. S. Ferguson
Journal: BMJ (1928)

comfortable if the hole points downwards.The distance from the exterior to the nasopharynx is about three inches.The catheter can be conveniently fixed to the cheek by a piece of sticking-plaster.Prolonged personal use shows that passing the gas through warmed water lessens the 'Barcroft:
THE CONTROL OF VENEREAL DISEASES AT THEIR SOURCE IN CIVIL COMMUNITIES
Authors: H. C. French
Journal: BMJ (1910)

IT may be pointed out that there are two essentially different modes of State intervention which may be adopted with a view to checking the spread of'tiese maladies.The system at present in force in the principal co'utitries of Europe regards persons of a particular class and' sex as the chief agents in the diffusion of disease, and seeks to provent'it-by keeping these persons under constant 8anitwrJ.vpervission, the' supervision consisting of periodical' medical' inspections, in order to ascertain whether the disease is, present or not, and by compulsory detention and treatment in hospital in case it is found to existi In order to ensure the regular attendance of the women; they, are' required to enter their names and adresses on, a register kept by the police, and those who fil to attend the inspection are4 liable to be arested and' imprisoned.This is thea se.tsm com- monly known, as-" regulation."The-f difficnltyi! of en- f6rolig registkation and attendance is, however, very -great; and in many countries the policewencourage, as far possible, the aggregation of the women-in houses of ill-fame, which' are tolerated or licensed by.tlie'State on the understanding that the misbress of the--houe insists on the observance of the regulations by her inmates.These maiaons toler&e8 are regarded by many regula.
Androgen Receptor Signaling
Authors: Li Jia, Catherine S-Y. Choong, Carmela Ricciardelli, Joshua Kim, Wayne D. Tilley, Gerhard A Coetzee
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Nonsteroidal signaling via the androgen receptor (AR) plays an im-portant role in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Previously, we have reported that the pleiotropic cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6, inhibited dihydrotestosterone-mediated expression of prostate-specific antigen in LNCaP cells (Jia et al., Mol Can Res 2003;1:385–92). In the present study, we explored the mechanisms involved in this inhibition and considered possible effects on AR nuclear translocation, recruitment of transcription cofactors, and the signaling pathways that may mediate this inhibitory effect. IL-6 neither induced nuclear localization of the AR nor inhibited dihydrotestosterone-induced nuclear translocation of the receptor. IL-6 did not affect AR or p160 coactivator recruitment to the transcription initiation complex on the prostate-specific antigen enhancer and promoter. Moreover, it did not lead to the recruitment of the corepressor silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) or histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) at the same sites. IL-6 did, however, prevent the recruitment of the secondary coactivator, p300, to the complex and partially inhibited histone H3 acetylation at the same loci. Furthermore, inhibition by IL-6 was not mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase or the Akt pathways and was partially abrogated by signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 knock-down using small interfering RNA. Our results show that IL-6 modulates androgen action through the differential recruitment of cofactors to target genes. These findings may account for the pleiotropic actions of IL-6 in malignant prostate cells.
Low Back Pain
Authors: Luiz F. Mattoso
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dr. William J. Otto: This was the first admission to the Massachusetts General Hospital of a 25-year-old carpenter with the complaint of backache which started two years previously and had been increasing in severity. The pain was dull, nonradiating, partially relieved by rest, but sometimes was severe enough to awaken him at night. It was usually controlled with nonnarcotic analgesics. A few months prior to admission he noticed general malaise, weakness, night sweats, and weight loss. These symptoms made him seek medical attention.  On physical examination his vital signs were normal and the blood pressure was 120/70 mm Hg. Examination of the heart and lungs was not remarkable. The liver was barely felt just below the costal margin. The spleen was not enlarged and no masses could be palpated in the abdomen. The neurological examination was not remarkable. Point tenderness was found over the right sacroiliac joint. Laboratory data revealed
Extending predictive processing to the body: Emotion as interoceptive inference
Authors: Anil K. Seth, Hugo D. Critchley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract The Bayesian brain hypothesis provides an attractive unifying framework for perception, cognition, and action. We argue that the framework can also usefully integrate interoception , the sense of the internal physiological condition of the body. Our model of “interoceptive predictive coding” entails a new view of emotion as interoceptive inference and may account for a range of psychiatric disorders of selfhood.
The Overseas Doctors Training Scheme: failing expectations
Authors: T Richards
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Overseas Doctors Training Scheme needs appraisal. Set up 10 years ago to improve the quality of postgraduate training that overseas (non-European) doctors receive in Britain, the scheme has been popular, but it is questionable how far it has achieved its aims. If Britain is to continue to employ large numbers of overseas doctors in training grades, both through the scheme and through independent arrangements, the apparent mismatch between their expectations and the reality of what Britain offers must be tackled.
The Case of Governor Goebel and Bloodless Work.
Authors: J. N. McCormack
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Bowling Green, Ky., Feb. 18, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —My attention has just been called to a paper inThe Journalof the 9th instant, by Dr. Dawbarn, of New York City, on "The Technique of Bloodless Work," in which is contained the following paragraph, evidently intended by the author as a criticism, of the treatment of the case of the late Governor Goebel: "A recent sensational murder in politics, in another state, produced a bit of most antiquated and archaic surgery—according to the newspapers and several medical journals, and the statement went uncontradicted. I allude to the fact that in order to try to stop the bleeding from his wounded lung the surgeon bled him a pint or more from his arm! This plan has antiquity to recommend it, but nothing else. He died of shock, apparently, and we all know that hemorrhage invites shock. Had the extremities promptly
Lenti in red: progress in gene therapy for human hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Christof von Kalle, Christopher Baum, David A. Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Hemoglobinopathies are caused by abnormal structure or synthesis of hemoglobin chains and represent serious monogenic disorders. A new study demonstrates that lentiviral vectors can express clinically relevant levels of human transgenic β-globin in red cells of xenografted mice. While some safety concerns must be addressed, this study is an important step toward potential clinical trials of gene therapy for hemoglobinopathies.