tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Study of coffee consumption and liver disease
Authors: H. B. Walton, G. Masterton, P. C. Hayes
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Liver disease is the fifth most common cause of death in the UK. Previous studies have reported that drinking coffee can protect against the development of abnormal liver function tests, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. The aims of this study were to compare the coffee consumption of patients with liver disease and that of control populations in order to determine if there is a correlation between coffee intake and the incidence of non-cancerous liver disease. <h3>Methods</h3> 274 patients attending the liver outpatient department at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh between June and September 2010 completed a questionnaire detailing coffee consumption and lifestyle factors. Case notes were reviewed for clinical information. Questionnaires were also completed by 120 medical students and 100 orthopaedic outpatients to act as control populations. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 274 liver disease patients, 95 had established cirrhosis. A significant difference (p=&lt;0.05) was found in coffee consumption of patients with cirrhosis (2.11 cups per day) and those who were non-cirrhotic (3.62 cups per day) see figure 1. The difference in coffee consumption by liver disease patients and controls was not significant. There was no correlation between Child Pugh and MELD scores and coffee consumption (−0.12 and –0.02, respectively). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Coffee consumption appears to have a protective effect in the development of cirrhosis in liver disease. However, the results did not give a significant difference in the amount of coffee drunk by liver patients and the control groups. It is possible that by changing lifestyle factors, including the amount of coffee drunk, the development of cirrhosis could be postponed.
Therapy of hepatitis C: Cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: R S Koff
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The natural history of untreated chronic hepatitis C is controversial, and direct knowledge of the long-term clinical and economic outcomes of current α interferon treatment regimens remains limited. Decision analytic models using available information on outcome probabilities and associated health care costs in the United States have been developed but are available only in abstract form. They suggest that chronic hepatitis C is a life-shortening disease and that α interferon treatment, for 6 or 12 months, despite its up-front costs and failure to induce a prolonged therapeutic response in most patients, increases life expectancy (which nevertheless is still reduced). It does so with a marginal cost-effectiveness well within the acceptable range of medical interventions in the United States. Even empiric therapy, without regard to viral level, genotype, and baseline histology, is within an acceptable cost-effectiveness range. Improving the response rate is likely to make treatment even more cost-effective and possibly cost-saving. Discounting at 3% would also lower the marginal cost-effectiveness; treatment of younger patients would likely lead to cost-savings. Future needs include the development of better databases and cost data for estimating outcomes.
1128-122 Prediction of mortality risk in the very old: Incremental value of inflammatory mediators and surrogate markers of atherosclerosis
Authors: Stefan Störk, Richard A Feelders, Annewieke W van den Beld, Steven W Lamberts, Huub F Savelkoul, Christiane E Angermann, Diederick E Grobbee, Michiel L Bots
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Absorption of Enteric-Coated Aspirin
Authors: John Baum
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  In Dr Bland's comments (1982;247:2660) on the article entitled Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis by Wasner et al (1981;236:2168), he noted that  remains doubt that enteric-coated aspirin absorbs with enough predictability to make it worthwhile to use.  This criticism of enteric-coated aspirin was certainly justified (20 to 30 years ago) when the enteric coating was usually shellac. However, the recommended coating in use today is cellulose acetate phthalate, which works well. At least two major types of enteric-coated aspirin on the market, Ecotrin and Enseals, use this coating. In addition to our study1specifically comparing enteric-coated aspirin and regular aspirin, a number of other studies2-5have been done, all of which have shown that the levels reached with enteric-coated aspirin were in most cases equal to and, in some cases, slightly better. By statistical analysis, there were no differences from
Influenza vaccination in healthcare professionals
Authors: H. Nair, A. Holmes, I. Rudan, J. Car
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Should be mandatory

There is clear evidence that healthcare workers play an important role in transmitting infections to their patients.1 The World Health Organization and national immunisation guidelines in 60% of developed and emerging economies strongly recommend annual vaccination against seasonal influenza for all healthcare workers in acute and long term care facilities.2 However, unlike other prophylactic measures targeted at healthcare workers, such as hepatitis B vaccination, the uptake of flu vaccine has been generally poor. In the United States, two decades of consistent advocacy by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention achieved a self reported vaccine coverage of only 64% among healthcare workers by 2010-1.3 In the United Kingdom, despite recommendations by the Department of Health, uptake of seasonal flu vaccine was a dismal 35% among frontline healthcare workers in the same year.4

Flu contributes greatly to global mortality and morbidity and has important economic consequences. Each year, seasonal flu affects 5-10% of the world’s population, causing 3-5 million severe infections and resulting in 250 000-500 000 deaths. Young children (especially those under 1 year); pregnant …
Presence of Widened and Multiple Intercalated Discs in the Hypertrophied Canine Heart
Authors: MICHAEL M. LAKS, FRED MORADY, G. E. ADOMIAN, H. J. C. SWAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

Fresh tissues were taken for light microscopy from the trabeculae carneae at the right ventricular base, apex, left ventricular base, and apex of four normal canine hearts and nine whose pulmonary artery had been banded for 7 to 48 weeks. After banding, the width of the intercalated disc at the right base, 1.34 ± 0.10 µ (mean ± SE), was greater than at the right apex, 1.02 ± 0.09 µ ( P &lt;0.002); both were greater than the normals ( P &lt;0.005 and P &lt;0.001). The intercalated discs were wider than corresponding normals in only three hearts at the left base and six at the left apex. The mean widths of the discs correlated positively with both ventricular wall thickness and weight in the right ventricle but not in the left. Structures characterized by two, three, or four transverse segments of discs lying along the same myofibrils, each two of which are separated by 1 to 10 sarcomeres, have been named multiple intercalated discs. In six of the nine hearts whose pulmonary artery was banded, there were more multiple discs per mm 2 at the right base and right apex than in the corresponding normals ( P &lt;0.02). In five of these, the number of multiple discs per mm 2 was greater at the right base than in the corresponding apex ( P &lt;0.001). There was no significant increase in the number of multiple discs per mm 2 in either the left base or left apex of the experimental animals compared to controls. After banding the pulmonary artery, tension increases in the right ventricle and this stimulates a broadening of the folds of the discs and then triggers a mechanism for the formation of new sarcomeres, perhaps involving multiple intercalated discs.
RORSCHACH STUDIES IN ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL ALCOHOLIC INTOXICATION
Authors: DOUGLAS MCG. KELLEY, S. EUGENE BARRERA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

1. The Rorschach findings in ten cases of acute mild alcoholic intoxication at a predetermined clinical level are given. 2. Rorschach findings at this level are experimentally shown to validate certain previous theoretical or empirical findings as regards the M:Sum C ratio, F per cent, Fc, S, CF, C naming and description, and theories are advanced regarding the evaluation of the (FM + m):(Fc + c + C') and per cent answers in VII, IX, X, quotients. 3. The validation of the Rorschach method in its reflection of experimentally induced personality shifts as indicated clinically is shown. 4. No Rorschach findings of pathognomonic diagnostic value for this level of alcoholic intoxication are found, and no specific "Rorschach pattern" can be described for the diagnosis of acute mild alcoholic intoxication. 5. Personality shifts occurring at this level of intoxication are described and correlated with shifts in the Rorschach response patterns.
Abstract 3891: Identification and quantification of DNA repair proteins by liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry using 15N-labeled whole proteins as internal standards
Authors: Miral Dizdaroglu, Pawel Jaruga, Prasad Reddy
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Reduced DNA repair capacity is associated with increased risk for a variety of disease processes including carcinogenesis. Thus, DNA repair proteins have the potential to be used as important predictive, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. The measurement of the expression level of these enzymes may be an excellent tool for this purpose. Mass spectrometry is becoming the technique of choice for the identification and quantification of proteins. We applied liquid chromatography/ isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the identification and quantification of DNA repair proteins human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) and E. coli formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg), which are involved in base-excision repair of DNA damage. We over-expressed, purified and characterized 15N-labeled analogues of these proteins to be used as internal standards. 15N-labeled whole proteins are ideal internal standards to ensure the accuracy of quantification of proteins by mass spectrometry. DNA glycosylase activities of 15N-labeled hOGG1 and 15N-labeled Fpg were determined and found to be essentially identical to those of their respective unlabeled counterparts, ascertaining that the 15N-labeling did not perturb their catalytic sites. hOGG1, Fpg and their 15N-labeled analogues were digested with trypsin and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. A large number of tryptic peptides of both proteins were identified on the basis of their full-scan mass spectra. These peptides matched the theoretical peptide fragments expected from the trypsin digestion and provided statistically significant protein scores that would unequivocally identify these proteins. We also recorded the product ion spectra (MS/MS spectra) of the tryptic peptides and defined the characteristic product ions. Mixtures of the analyte proteins and their 15N-labeled analogues as internal standards were analyzed by selected-reaction monitoring (SRM) on the basis of the previously identified product ions in the MS/MS spectra. The experimental conditions for these analyses were optimized. The methodology was successfully applied to the measurement of human OGG1 in human cells and Fpg in E.coli. The results obtained in this work suggest that the methodology developed would be highly suitable for the positive identification and accurate quantification of DNA repair proteins in vivo as potential biomarkers for cancer and other diseases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3891. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3891
Abstract 5197: MiR-629 targets TRIM33 to promote TGF-β/Smad signaling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kentaro Jingushi, Wataru Nakata, Yuko Ueda, Kaori Kitae, Kazutoshi Fujita, Motohide Uemura, Norio Nonomura, Kazutake Tsujikawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common neoplasm of the adult kidney, and clear cell RCC (ccRCC) represents the most common renal histology. To identify a novel biomarker or a candidate target of molecular-targeted drug for ccRCC, we focused on miRNA expression signatures obtained from ccRCC clinical specimens by miRNA-microarray. The expression signatures revealed that miR-629 was significantly up-regulated in ccRCC specimens compared to normal specimens. Inhibition of miR-629 through a hairpin miRNA inhibitor inhibited cell migration and invasion. We found that miR-629 directly targets the Tripartite motif-containing 33 (TRIM33) an inhibitor of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Inhibition of miR-629 significantly suppressed TGF-β -induced Smad activation through up-regulation of TRIM33 expression and subsequent inhibition of Smad2/3 and Smad4 binding. Furthermore, miR-629 inhibition attenuated the effect of TGF-β on expression of EMT-related factors and cell migration and invasion. Finally, in human clinical specimens, TRIM33 was down-regulated where an association with pathological stage and grade. Our findings identify miR-629 as a potent regulator of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and functions as an oncomir, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of ccRCC. Citation Format: Kentaro Jingushi, Wataru Nakata, Yuko Ueda, Kaori Kitae, Kazutoshi Fujita, Motohide Uemura, Norio Nonomura, Kazutake Tsujikawa. MiR-629 targets TRIM33 to promote TGF-β/Smad signaling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5197. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5197
Continuing Medical Education in the United States
Authors: William Campbell Felch
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The nation's continuing medical education (CME) enterprise is undergoing profound change. Once a simple teacher-to-learner activity, CME has now grown into an immense undertaking that is increasingly complex and costly. Simultaneously, it has evoked reactions from certain critics who find fault with its premises, its methods, and its outcomes. But CME's age-old mission--to help practicing physicians maintain their competence in patient care--has not changed, and even today's unwieldy, perhaps flawed, enterprise has not strayed from that basic commitment. Moreover, CME is showing encouraging indications of a willingness to incorporate into its process sound principles of adult education. Even more encouraging are the signs that CME is beginning to make use of computer and other electronic technologies in ways that promise to mend some of its flaws and restore its historical learner-oriented focus.
Dialysis elbow. Olecranon bursitis from long-term hemodialysis
Authors: C. Cruz
Journal: JAMA (1977)

INFLAMMATION of the olecranon bursa is commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and trauma.1To our knowledge, the association between this type of bursitis and long-term hemodialysis has not been previously reported.  In a dialysis population of approximately 140 patients, olecranon bursitis has developed in four during the last 18 months. These four patients (one man and three women), aged 41 to 70 years, have been on long-term hemodialysis for six to 54 months. With the exception of one patient in whom bursitis developed in both elbows, all had the lesion on the side of the vascular access for dialysis. All denied history of trauma; rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and septic arthritis were also excluded. Two patients responded to aspiration and local injection of nonabsorbable corticosteroids. The other two patients had recurrence of the lesions and required surgical excision of their bursae.  Report of a Representative Case  A 41-year-old man
Treatment of myocardial infarction in the United States (1990 to 1993). Observations from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction.
Authors: W J Rogers, L J Bowlby, N C Chandra, W J French, J M Gore, C T Lambrew, R M Rubison, A J Tiefenbrunn, W D Weaver
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Multiple clinical trials have provided guidelines for the treatment of myocardial infarction, but there is little documentation as to how consistently their recommendations are being implemented in clinical practice.Demographic, procedural, and outcome data from patients with acute myocardial infarction were collected at 1073 US hospitals collaborating in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction during 1990 through 1993. Registry hospitals composed 14.4% of all US hospitals and were more likely to have a coronary care unit and invasive cardiac facilities than nonregistry US hospitals. Among 240,989 patients with myocardial infarction enrolled, 84,477 (35.1%) received thrombolytic therapy. Thrombolytic recipients were younger, more likely to be male, presented sooner after onset of symptoms, and were more likely to have localizing ECG changes. Among the 60,430 patients treated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA), 23.2% received it in the coronary care unit rather than in the emergency department. Elapsed time from hospital presentation to starting rTPA averaged 99 minutes (median, 57 minutes). Among patients receiving thrombolytic therapy, concomitant pharmacotherapy included intravenous heparin (96.9%), aspirin (84.0%), intravenous nitroglycerin (76.0%), oral beta-blockers (36.3%), calcium channel blockers (29.5%), and intravenous beta-blockers (17.4%). Invasive procedures in thrombolytic recipients included coronary arteriography (70.7%), angioplasty (30.3%), and bypass surgery (13.3%). Trend analyses from 1990 to 1993 suggest that the time from hospital evaluation to initiating thrombolytic therapy is shortening, usage of aspirin and beta-blockers is increasing, and usage of calcium channel blockers is decreasing.This large registry experience suggests that management of myocardial infarction in the United States does not yet conform to many of the recent clinical trial recommendations. Thrombolytic therapy is underused, particularly in the elderly and late presenters. Although emerging trends toward more appropriate treatment are evident, hospital delay time in initiating thrombolytic therapy remains long, aspirin and beta-blockers appear to be underused, and calcium channel blockers and invasive procedures appear to be overused.
Addendum to “Sequential anisotropic multichannel Wiener filtering with Rician bias correction applied to 3D regularization of DWI data” [Medical Image Analysis 13 (2009) 19–35]
Authors: M. Martin-Fernandez, E. Muñoz-Moreno, L. Cammoun, J.-P. Thiran, C.-F. Westin, C. Alberola-López
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2009)
Hereditary Aspects of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: David E. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This report focuses attention on familial malignant melanoma and some of its clinical characteristics by documenting its occurrence in 22 kindreds, including one in which this malignant neoplasm has developed in a total of 15 individuals. The data convincingly demonstrate a genetic basis for the occurrence of this tumor in these kindreds. Furthermore, the tumor is apparently inherited through the autosomes and not the sex chromosomes. The mode of inheritance involves dominance although the pattern is not always that of a regular dominant. A change in terminology is proposed from "familial" to "hereditary malignant melanoma." Hereditary malignant melanoma is also characterized by the victims' significantly early age at first diagnosis and an increased frequency of multiple primary lesions. The findings have important bearing on early detection of this malignant neoplasm in the relatives of patients.
Recovery From Rabies in Man
Authors: Joseph J. Kraut
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In my letter to the Editor regarding human antirabies serum I pointed out that humans are known to have survived clinical rabies, proved by laboratory tests, when they received blood transfusions from donors recently actively immunized against rabies. Since the publication of my letter, I have received a number of requests for specific literature references supporting this assertion. Herewith are the published reports on which my statement is based.
Hepatocellular carcinoma locoregional therapies for patients in the waiting list. Impact on transplantability and recurrence rate
Authors: Matteo Cescon, Alessandro Cucchetti, Matteo Ravaioli, Antonio Daniele Pinna
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

The practice of treating candidates for liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with locoregional therapies, is common in most transplant centers. However, for T1 tumors and expected waiting times to LT <6 months, there is no evidence that these treatments are beneficial. For T2 tumors and for longer waiting times, neo-adjuvant treatments are usually performed with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), ablation techniques and liver resection in selected cases. The treatment choice should be based on the BCLC staging system. At present, there is no evidence of the superiority of ablation/resection vs. TACE, but some studies showed better results of the former in achieving a complete response. The response to neo-adjuvant treatments should be evaluated through mRECIST criteria, but few studies adopted these criteria and properly analyzed factors affecting response. The simultaneous evaluation of the impact of neo-adjuvant therapies on dropout rate, post-LT HCC recurrence and patient survival is rarely reported. Tumor stage and volume, alpha-fetoprotein levels, response to treatments and liver function affect pre-LT outcomes. These same factors, together with vascular invasion and poor tumor differentiation, are major determinants of poor post-LT outcomes. Due to the low number of prospective studies with well-defined entry criteria and the variability of results, the role of downstaging is still to be defined. Novel molecular markers seem promising for the estimation of prognosis and/or response to treatments. With a persistent scarcity of organ donors, neo-adjuvant treatments can help identify patients with different probabilities of cancer progression, and consequently balance the priority of HCC and non-HCC-candidates through revised additional scores for HCC.
Role of ATP in the maintenance of action potential configuration of the isolated working rat heart
Authors: P KREHER, J VERDETTI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

The relation between action potential configuration and myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration was analysed in isolated low and high work rat heart preparations. Glucose used as sole substrate could not provide total energy production when the isolated hearts performed high work. This may explain the decrease in action potential duration and plateau amplitude (phases 2 and 3) that occurred concomitantly with a low total myocardial ATP concentration. When atrial perfusion was changed to the retrograde mode, however, the action potential configuration was restored without an increase in the global myocardial ATP concentration. Pyruvate used as substrate instead of glucose enhanced ATP production by mitochondrial oxidation and partly restored the action potential modifications (principally phase 2). Adenosine added to glucose in the perfusate or infused in situ (before heart isolation and perfusion) enhanced ATP production by the adenine nucleotide salvage pathway and provided a protective effect for phase 2 and 3 action potential variables. The results using glucose as perfusate showed that there was no correlation between global ATP concentration and myocardial electrical activity. An analysis of the other results suggests that the primary problem in the working heart preparation is that the myocardium is in a state of relative hypoxia or ischaemia and that adenosine merely acts as a coronary vasodilator to improve myocardial oxygen delivery.