tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urinary Biomarkers for Phthalates Associated with Asthma in Norwegian Children
Authors: Randi J. Bertelsen, Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen, Antonia M. Calafat, Jane A. Hoppin, Geir Håland, Petter Mowinckel, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Martinus Løvik
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: High-molecular-weight phthalates in indoor dust have been associated with asthma in children, but few studies have evaluated phthalate biomarkers in association with respiratory outcomes.Objectives: We explored the association between urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and current asthma.Methods: In a cross-sectional analysis, 11 metabolites of 8 phthalates [including four metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] were measured in one first morning void collected from 2001 through 2004 from 623 10-year-old Norwegian children. Logistic regression models controlling for urine specific gravity, sex, parental asthma, and income were used to estimate associations between current asthma and phthalate metabolite concentrations by quartiles or as log10-transformed variables.Results: Current asthma was associated with both mono(carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP) and mono(carboxynonyl) phthalate (MCNP), although the association was limited to those in the highest quartile of these chemicals. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for current asthma was 1.9 (95% CI: 1.0, 3.3) for the highest MCOP quartile compared with the lowest quartile, and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.7) for an interquartile-range increase. The aOR for current asthma was 2.2 (95% CI: 1.2, 4.0) for the highest MCNP quartile and 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0, 1.7) for an interquartile-range increase. The other phthalate metabolites were not associated with current asthma.Conclusions: Current asthma was associated with the highest quartiles of MCOP and MCNP, metabolites of two high molecular weight phthalates, diisononyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate, respectively. Given the short biological half-life of the phthalates and the cross-sectional design, our findings should be interpreted cautiously.
Fournier&amp;rsquo;s Gangrene: Risk Assessment and Enzymatic Debridement with Lyophilized Collagenase Application
Authors: Ramazan A&scedil;c&inodot;, &Scedil;aban Sar&inodot;kaya, Recep B&uuml;y&uuml;kalpelli, Ali Faik Y&inodot;lmaz, Sacit Y&inodot;ld&inodot;z
Journal: European Urology (1998)
Small proline rich protein 2a in benign and malignant liver disease
Authors: Yoshiaki Mizuguchi, Kumiko Isse, Susan Specht, John G. Lunz, Natasha Corbitt, Toshihiro Takizawa, Anthony J. Demetris
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

STAT3-driven expression of small proline rich protein 2a (SPRR2a), which acts as an src homology 3 (SH3) domain ligand, induces biliary epithelial cell (BEC) epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which, in turn, promotes wound healing. SPRR2a also quenches free radicals and protects against oxidative stress and DNA damage in nonneoplastic BEC. Sprr2a-induced EMT also increases local invasiveness of cholangiocarcinomas (CC), but prevents metastases. Understanding SPRR2a regulation of EMT has potential for therapeutic targeting in both benign and malignant liver disease. Molecular mechanisms responsible for SPRR2a-induced EMT were characterized, in vitro, and then evidence for utilization of these pathways was sought in human intrahepatic CC, in vivo, using multiplex labeling and software-assisted morphometric analysis. SPRR2a complexes with ZEB1 and CtBP on the microRNA (miR)-200c/141 promoter resulting in synergic suppression of miR-200c/141 transcription, which is required for maintenance of the BEC epithelial phenotype. SPRR2a induction promotes dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the SH3-domain containing protein GRB2 and an SH3-domain ligand in ZEB1 is required for SPRR2a-induced synergic suppression of miR-200c/141. Multiplex protein labeling of CC and morphometric analyses showed: 1) up-regulation of ZEB-1, and 2) down-regulation of CK19 in intrahepatic CC compared to nonneoplastic BEC, consistent with previous CC proteomic studies showing EMT during cholangiocarcinogenesis. Conclusion: SPRR2a modulates ZEB-1 signaling by way of miR-200c/141-associated EMT through SH3-domain networks and contributes to benign and malignant BEC wound-healing responses. (Hepatology 2014;59:1130–1143)
ABC of intensive care: Withdrawal of treatment
Authors: B. Winter, S. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1999)

All medical practice should be governed by basic ethical principles, and intensive care medicine is no exception. Indeed, because of the nature of intensive care ethical issues are addressed almost daily.

#### Ethical principles of medical care

Withdrawal of treatment is an issue in intensive care medicine because it is now possible to maintain life for long periods without any hope of recovery. Intensive care is usually a process of supporting organ systems, but it does not necessarily offer a cure. Prolonging the process of dying is not in the patient's best interests as it goes against the ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence However, withdrawal of treatment does not equate with withdrawal of care. Care to ensure the comfort of a dying patient is as important as the preceding attempts to achieve cure.

Dr A decides to continue but not increase the level of vasoactive drug support or inspired oxygen concentration given to a man with multiple organ failure who has been in intensive care for 16 days. Over the next 5 days the patient improves; noradrenaline is discontinued and ventilatory support reduced, and he begins to rouse. He then develops a probable catheter related sepsis and deteriorates. Should Dr A abide by his previous decision of non-escalation? If not, why did he make the decision in the first place? What would he do if treatment was restarted but a similar situation occurred a week later? It would be appropriate (although it might be viewed as inconsistent) to review each requirement for treatment in the light of the patient's current condition 

It is often easier to withhold a treatment than to withdraw it once it has been instituted. Ethically, however, there is no difference between withdrawing a treatment that is felt to offer no benefit and withholding one that is …
Interventions for Treatment of Depression in Primary Care
Authors: Jeremy Koppel
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy versus Escitalopram in Chronic Major Depression
Authors: Elisabeth Schramm, Ingo Zobel, Dieter Schoepf, Thomas Fangmeier, Knut Schnell, Henrik Walter, Sarah Drost, Paul Schmidt, Eva-Lotta Brakemeier, Mathias Berger, Claus Normann
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2015)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A specific psychotherapy for chronic depression, the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP), was compared to escitalopram (ESC). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Sixty patients with chronic major depression were randomized to ‘CBASP' (22 sessions) or ‘ESC plus clinical management' (ESC/CM) at two treatment sites. The primary outcome measure was the score on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) after 8 weeks of acute treatment assessed by blinded raters. In the case of nonimprovement (&lt;20% reduction in the MADRS score), the other condition was augmented for the following 20 weeks of extended treatment. Secondary end points were, among others, depressive symptoms, remission (MADRS score of ≤9) and response rates (reduction of MADRS score of ≥50%) 28 weeks after randomization. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; An intent-to-treat analysis revealed that clinician-rated depression scores decreased significantly after 8 and 28 weeks with no significant differences between the groups. The response rates after 28 weeks of treatment were high (CBASP: 68.4%, ESC/CM: 60.0%), and the remission rates were moderate (CBASP: 36.8%, ESC/CM: 50.0%) with neither group being superior. Nonimprovers to the initial treatment caught up with the initial improvers in terms of depression scores and response and remission rates by the end of the treatment after being augmented with the respective other condition. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; CBASP and ESC/CM appear to be equally effective treatment options for chronically depressed outpatients. For nonimprovers to the initial treatment, it is efficacious to augment with medication in the case of nonresponse to CBASP and vice versa.
Evaluating Changes in Health Care Policy
Authors: Lauren Hersch Nicholas, Justin B. Dimick
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Abstract 17196: Hands-only CPR Video Self-instruction Promotes Self-confidence and Secondary Training: A Hospital-based Randomized Trial
Authors: Audrey L Blewer, Marion Leary, Christopher S Decker, James C Andersen, Amanda C Fredericks, Bentley J Bobrow, Benjamin S Abella
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Recent work suggests that hands-only CPR (omitting rescue breaths) is an acceptable layperson resuscitation strategy. It is unknown whether training in hands-only CPR or standard CPR (30 compressions:2 breaths) engenders more rescuer confidence or encourages wider dissemination. Objectives: We hypothesized that laypersons receiving video self-instruction (VSI) CPR training will be more confident in their skills and more likely to share the VSI kit with additional family members (secondary training), when randomized to hands-only CPR instruction versus training in standard CPR. Methods: In a multisite trial of CPR educational strategies, family members of hospitalized cardiac patients were trained in CPR using an established VSI kit. Subjects were randomized to standard or hands-only modes of CPR education, using videos with the same actor and similar video duration. CPR skills and subject impressions on training were then assessed. The magnitude of secondary training was measured via survey on...
The south-east Scotland dermatology workload study: 30 years’ analysis
Authors: S.A. Holme, V.E. Scott-Lang, E.T. Ooi, A.G. Matthews, M.I. Darling, D. Needham, S.K.A. McCormack
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Summary Background Dermatological activity data have been collected for the same region of south-east Scotland (population 1·24 million), approximately every 5 years, since 1981. This has allowed assessment of trends in demand from primary and secondary care, and activity within secondary care dermatology services, assisting planning of dermatological services. Objectives To quantify dermatology outpatient workload across the same population to allow comparison with previous studies for trends in practice. Methods During November 2010, a standardized proforma was completed for all National Health Service and private practice dermatology outpatient consultations. Demographic data, source and reason for referral, diagnoses, investigations, treatments and disposal were recorded, and comparisons made with five previous studies. Results A total of 5470 consultations were recorded: 2882 new and 2588 review patients (new to review ratio 1 : 0·9, male to female 1 : 1·3, mean age 49 years, range 1 month to 101 years). Ninety-one per cent of referrals came from primary care and 9% from secondary care. Fifty-eight per cent of referrals were for diagnosis and 32% for hospital management. Diagnostic concordance between referrer and dermatologist ranged from 94% for acne to 14% for melanoma. Benign tumours accounted for 30% of referrals, malignant tumours 13%, dermatitis 13·3%, psoriasis 6·2% and acne/rosacea 5%. The referral rate rose to 23·2/1000 population per annum, with the increase coming mainly from primary care. Conclusions Demand for dermatology continues to increase: new referrals have risen by 134% in 30 years, with a 36% increase in the last 5 years, despite corresponding population increases of 5·3% and 3%, respectively.
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination and Nasopharyngeal Acquisition of Pneumococcal Serotype 19A Strains
Authors: Elske J. M. van Gils
Journal: JAMA (2010)

The rapid increase in multiresistant serotype 19A as a cause of invasive and respiratory pneumococcal disease has been associated in time with the widespread implementation of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV-7) in several countries. Because spontaneous fluctuations in time and antibiotic selective pressure may have induced this serotype 19A increase, controlled studies are needed to assess the role of PCV-7.To examine the association of PCV-7 vaccination and nasopharyngeal acquisition of serotype 19A pneumococci, their clonal distribution, and antibiotic susceptibility.Post hoc per-protocol completer's analysis as part of a randomized controlled trial of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage enrolling 1003 healthy newborns with follow-up to the age of 24 months in The Netherlands, which has low antibiotic resistance rates. The study was conducted before widespread PCV-7 implementation in infants, between July 7, 2005, and February 14, 2008. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained at the age of 6 weeks and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.Infants were randomly assigned to receive 2 doses of PCV-7 at 2 and 4 months; 2 + 1 doses of PCV-7 at 2, 4, and 11 months; or no dosage (unvaccinated control group).Cumulative proportion of children with nasopharyngeal acquisition of a new serotype 19A strain from 6 through 24 months of age.Nine hundred forty-eight children completed the study. Fifty-four nasopharyngeal serotype 19A carriage isolates from 318 in the 2-dose group, 66 isolates from 327 in the 2 + 1-dose group, and 33 isolates from 303 in the unvaccinated were collected from 6 weeks through 24 months. The cumulative proportion who tested positive for new nasopharyngeal serotype 19A acquisition from 6 through 24 months of age was significantly higher in those having received the 2 + 1-dose PCV-7 schedule (16.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.6%-20.6%) vs those who were unvaccinated (9.2%; 95% CI, 6.5%-13.0%; relative risk [RR], 1.75; 95% CI, 1.14-2.70) but not after a 2-dose schedule (13.2%; 95% CI, 9.9%-17.4%; RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.91-2.25). There were 28 different sequence types identified, including 6 new types. The proportion of children with new 19A acquisition who had used antibiotics in the last 6 months (18.7%) did not differ among groups. Five isolates were penicillin-intermediate susceptible and another 3 were nonsusceptible to erythromycin and azithromycin, all in the vaccine groups.A 2 + 1-dose PCV-7 schedule was associated with an increase in serotype 19A nasopharyngeal acquisition compared with unvaccinated controls.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00189020.
Abstract 18700: Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction Measured by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Independently Predicts Mortality Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Alistair C Lindsay, Thomas Snow, Richard J Jabbour, Sanjay K Prasad, Raad H Mohiaddin, Carlo Di Mario, Simon W Davies, Neil E Moat
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) can provide important structural information in patients being considered for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). However, the relationship between CMR measurements of ventricular function and long-term outcomes after TAVI has not previously been investigated. Methods: 165 patients underwent 1.5T CMR prior to TAVI. Steady-state free precession sequences were used for aortic valve planimetry and to assess ventricular volumes and mass. Areas of gadolinium enhancement were assessed after injection of 0.1 mmol/kg of gadolinium contrast. Semi-automated image analysis was performed by two specialist reviewers blinded to patient treatment. Patient follow-up was obtained from the Office of National Statistics mortality database; mean follow-up time was 20.3 months (range 1-64 months). Results: The mean age of the cohort was 78.5 years (SD +/-8.20), 47.4% were female. Mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction was 60.1% (SD +/-16.90), and mean rig...
Deregulated GSK3β activity in colorectal cancer: its association with tumor cell survival and proliferation
Authors: A. Shakoori, A. Ougolkov, Z.W. Yu, B. Zhang, M.H. Modaressi, D.D. Billadeau, M. Mai, Yutaka Takahashi, Toshinari Minamoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

5400  Glycogen synthase kinase 3s (GSK3s) reportedly has opposing roles, repressing Wnt/s-catenin signaling on the one hand but maintaining cell survival and proliferation through the NF-κB pathway on the other. The present investigation was undertaken to clarify the roles of GSK3s in human cancer. In colon cancer cell lines and colorectal cancer patients, levels of GSK3s expression and amounts of its active form were higher in tumor cells than in their normal counterparts; these findings were independent of nuclear accumulation of s-catenin oncoprotein in the tumor cells. Inhibition of GSK3s activity by phosphorylation was defective in colorectal cancers but preserved in non-neoplastic cells and tissues. Strikingly, inhibition of GSK3s activity by chemical inhibitors and its expression by RNA interference targeting GSK3s induced apoptosis and attenuated proliferation of colon cancer cells in vitro. Our findings demonstrate an unrecognized role of GSK3s in tumor cell survival and proliferation other than its predicted role as a tumor suppressor, and warrant proposing this kinase as a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer (Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005;334:1365-73; Oncology 2007, in press; PCT/JP2006/300160).
429. Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Gene Delivery for Preventing Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice
Authors: Samuel J. Farlow, Mark W. Pandori, Takeshi Sano
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

We have created a chemical strategy for the preparation of stable conjugates of functional AAV (adeno-associated viral vectors) with solid microbeads (nanocarriers). The conjugation of AAV to the microbeads used the streptavidin-biotin system, which provides a very strong and stable association between the viral particle and the microbead. Optimal biotinylation conditions were initially determined, under which biotin groups can be attached covalently to the outer surfaces of AAV particles without disturbing their intrinsic ability to bind and infect cells. The biotinylated AAV particles can be conjugated efficiently to the surfaces of streptavidin-coated polystyrene microbeads. The ability of these AAV-microbead conjugates to infect cells was investigated by using two strategies. One strategy involved the co-attachment of lectins to the microbead surface. This should provide the conjugates with the ability to bind to carbohydrate moieties on the cell surface. The other strategy used streptavidin-coated polystyrene microbeads containing a superparamagnetic core as virus carriers. This should allow the conjugates to associate tightly with target cells by using magnetic force. The use of these two strategies allowed efficient infection of target cells by conjugated AAV particles, indicating that conjugated AAV particles are capable of infecting target cells efficiently upon stable association of AAV-microbead conjugates with the cell surface. Thus, AAV-microbead conjugates offer great potential to be used for the development of methods for enhanced delivery of AAV to specific sites or tissues in a controlled, versatile manner.
730. Lentiviral Vectors Pseudotyped with Envelope Glycoproteins Derived from Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3
Authors: Akhil Banerjea, Ramesh Akkina
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Retroviral and lentiviral vectors are highly efficient in gene transfer. Their tropism, stability and ability to be concentrated by ultracentrifugation were greatly increased by pseudotyping with the vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) protein. This allowed expanded use of these vectors for many purposes. Although most current gene therapy studies focused on ex vivo gene transductions with these vectors, the next desirable step is to be able to inject them directly for systemic delivery. While vectors pseudotyped with VSV-G from Indiana serotype yielded high levels of gene transfer, successive rounds of their in vivo administration will have immunological limitations because this protein is known to elicit strong neutralizing antibodies. Hence, for the purpose of repeated administrations, additional non-crossreactive envelope proteins that have comparable value in pseudotyping retro- and lentiviral vectors are needed. Furthermore, as VSV-G is highly fusogenic, there is cytotoxicity associated with its use via concentrated vector stocks. Accordingly, a less cytotoxic envelope protein for pseudotyping is also highly desirable. Taking these criteria into consideration, we tested envelope proteins from three different vesiculoviruses, namely VSV-New Jersey, Chandipura and Piry. A third generation lentiviral vector encoding GFP reporter gene was pseudotyped with each of these envelope G proteins in a transient transfection packaging system. The respective pseudotyped lentiviral vectors were used to transduce different mammalian cells including BHK-21, HeLa, Cos, Prostate cancer cell lines, as well as primary human CD34+ hematopoietic cells and macrophages derived in vitro. The transfection efficiencies were compared to the vector pseudotyped with VSV-G Indiana. Our results showed that the three new G proteins used were effective in pseudotyping the lentiviral vectors as assayed by GFP marker expression from transduced cells. Differential transduction levels were found between different cell types indicating variation in cell tropism between different envelopes. These studies established that envelope proteins from related vesiculoviruses are useful for pseudotyping lentiviral vectors and provide alternative non-crossreactive envelope proteins for in vivo administration of gene transfer vectors.