tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ethanol Ingestion Increases Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Rat Lungs during Acute Endotoxemia
Authors: MANUEL LOIS, LOU ANN S. BROWN, I. MARC MOSS, JESSE ROMAN, DAVID M. GUIDOT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Previously we reported that alcohol abuse increases the incidence of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in septic patients, and that chronic ethanol ingestion in rats depletes alveolar epithelial glutathione and increases endotoxin-mediated lung edema. In this study we examined a potential mechanism by which ethanol-induced glutathione depletion could predispose to acute lung injury. We hypothesized that glutathione depletion activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thereby increasing degradation of the alveolar extracellular matrix (ECM) during sepsis. Ethanol-fed rats (20% vol/vol in water for 6 wk) were given endotoxin (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) followed 2 h later by lung isolation and ex vivo perfusion with n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (10− 7 M). Ethanol ingestion increased (p < 0.05) MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity, as determined by zymography, in the lung tissue and lavage fluid compared with control-fed rats, and increased (p < 0.05) levels of the 7S fragment of type IV collagen in the lung lavage fluid. Ethanol ingestion increased activation, but not production, of the MMP-9 and MMP-2 zymogens. Finally, although concomitant ingestion of N-acetylcysteine had no effect (p > 0.05) on MMP production, it increased (p > 0.05) lung glutathione levels, blocked (p < 0.05) MMP-9 and MMP-2 activation, and decreased (p < 0.05) levels of the 7S fragment of type IV collagen. We conclude that chronic ethanol ingestion, via glutathione depletion, activates MMPs during sepsis, thereby increasing degradation of the alveolar epithelial ECM. Lois M, Brown LAS, Moss IM, Roman J, Guidot DM. Ethanol ingestion increases activation of matrix metalloproteinases in rat lungs during acute endotoxemia.
Fibrocystic Breast Disease in Oral-Contraceptive Users
Authors: Virginia A. Livolsi, Bruce V. Stadel, Jennifer L. Kelsey, Theodore R. Holford, Colin White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Epidemiological studies show a lower frequency of fibrocystic breast disease among long-term users of oral contraceptives than among women who have never used them. Fibrocystic disease may be a precursor of breast cancer; yet the incidence of breast cancer does not appear to differ between pill-takers and nontakers. To resolve this conflict, we examined the problem from a histologic standpoint in 205 premenopausal women, and found that this decreased frequency applied only to fibrocystic disease in which epithelial atypia was minimal or absent. In women with marked atypia there was no significant difference in frequency among long-term users as compared to women who have never used oral contraceptives. These findings suggest that a spectrum of cystic disease exists and that the long-term use of oral contraceptives protects against the forms of fibrocystic disease that are not firmly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, but not against the premalignant forms.
Saving Office Practice
Authors: Gale Burstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters18 May 2004Saving Office PracticeHarold C. Sox, MD, EditorHarold C. Sox, MD, EditorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Ertle and Bolhack say that software to support the administrative infrastructure of office practice won't save office practice, and I agree. The problems besetting office practice are too multifactorial for a simple fix to succeed. I did say that better computer software could strengthen the administrative infrastructure of office practice. It's not a complete solution, but we can do it. And it will help.I worry that problems that are beyond the capacity of medical leadership to solve are diverting people from tackling solvable problems. Partial solutions are better than no solutions. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSaving Office Practice Harold C. Sox Saving Office Practice Alan R. Ertle Saving Office Practice Scott Matthew Bolhack Saving Office Practice Peter Basch Metrics Cited byD Dimer in acute careDelaying Care, Avoiding Stigma: Residentsʼ Attitudes Toward Obtaining Personal Health CareManagement of Suspected Acute Pulmonary Embolism in the Era of CT Angiography: A Statement from the Fleischner SocietyDiagnostic Pathways in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Recommendations of the PIOPED II Investigators 18 May 2004Volume 140, Issue 10Page: 845KeywordsComputer software ePublished: 18 May 2004 Issue Published: 18 May 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Changes in Spirometry Over Time as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: MARGARET F. PHILLIPS, ROSALINE C. M. QUINLIVAN, RICHARD H. T. EDWARDS, PETER M. A. CALVERLEY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) causes a progressive impairment of muscle function leading to hypercapnic respiratory failure. Most studies of respiratory function in DMD have been cross-sectional rather than longitudinal, and these data have not been related to survival. We retrospectively studied 58 patients with DMD with at least 2 yr of follow-up spirometry and known vital status. Spirometry was abnormal at entry: median FEV1 1.60 L (range 0.4 to 2.6 L), FVC 1.65 L (range 0.45 to 2.75 L), FVC 64% predicted (range 29 to 97%). Individual rates of change of vital capacity varied, with a median annual change of − 0.18 L (range 0.04 to − 0.74 L), − 8.0% predicted FVC (range 2 to − 39%). During the study 37 patients died; the median age of death, calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis, was 21.5 yr (range 15 to 28.5 yr). The age when vital capacity fell below 1 L was a strong marker of subsequent mortality (5-yr survival 8%). The maximal vital capacity recorded and its rate of decline (however expressed) predicted survival time. Repeated spirometric measurement provides a simple and relatively powerful means of assessing disease progression in these patients and should be considered when planning treatment trials.
Direct Binding of Reelin to VLDL Receptor and ApoE Receptor 2 Induces Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Disabled-1 and Modulates Tau Phosphorylation
Authors: Thomas Hiesberger, Marion Trommsdorff, Brian W Howell, Andre Goffinet, Marc C Mumby, Jonathan A Cooper, Joachim Herz
Journal: Neuron (1999)
Disorders of bile acid metabolism in cholesterol gallstone disease.
Authors: F Berr, E Pratschke, S Fischer, G Paumgartner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the metabolism of individual bile acids in patients with cholesterol gallstone disease. Therefore, we determined pool size and turnover of deoxycholic (DCA), cholic (CA), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in 23 female gallstone patients classified according to their gallbladder function and in 15 healthy female controls. Gallstone patients had normal hepatic bile acid synthesis, but, depending on gallbladder function, differed with respect to turnover and size of the bile acid pools: Patients with well-emptying gallbladder (group A, n = 9) had enhanced turnover and reduced pools of CA (-46%; P less than 0.01 vs. controls) and CDCA (-24%; P less than 0.05), but normal input and size of the DCA pool. With reduced gallbladder emptying (less than 50% of volume; group B, n = 6), turnover and pools of CA, CDCA, and DCA were similar as in controls. Patients with loss of gallbladder reservoir (group C, n = 8) had increased input (+100%; P less than 0.01) and pool size of DCA (+45%; P = 0.07) caused by rapid conversion of CA to DCA, while the pools of CA (-71%; P less than 0.001 vs. controls) and CDCA (-36%; P less than 0.05) were reduced by enhanced turnover. Thus, in patients with cholesterol gallstones, the pools of primary bile acids are diminished, unless gallbladder emptying is reduced. Furthermore, in a subgroup of gallstone patients, who had completely lost gallbladder function, the CA pool is largely replaced by DCA owing to rapid transfer of CA to the DCA pool. This probably contributes to supersaturation of bile with cholesterol.
Current status of screening colonoscopy in Europe and in the United States
Authors: C. Pox, W. Schmiegel, M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer and adenoma is already being practiced in the United States and in some European countries and it is being studied in others. In order to compare the experience gained to date and to discuss the existing evidence concerning endoscopic screening, a 1-day workshop entitled “Eurocolonoscopy” was held in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, on 10 May 2006. The workshop was organized by representatives of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), the International Digestive Cancer Alliance (IDCA), the German Society of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS), and the German Network against Colorectal Cancer, by participants from European countries where endoscopic screening is practiced, and by one representative from the United States. The workshop began with an overview of the screening conditions specific to each country, and this was followed by a general discussion about colonoscopy screening. This article summarizes the current status of colonoscopy screening in Europe and the United States.
Unwanted caesarean sections among public and private patients in Brazil: prospective study
Authors: J. E Potter, E. Berquo, I. H O Perpetuo, O. F. Leal, K. Hopkins, M. R. Souza, M. C. d. C. Formiga
Journal: BMJ (2001)

To assess and compare the preferences of pregnant women in the public and private sector regarding delivery in Brazil.Face to face structured interviews with women who were interviewed early in pregnancy, about one month before the due date, and about one month post partum.Four cities in Brazil.1612 pregnant women: 1093 public patients and 519 private patients.Rates of delivery by caesarean section in public and private institutions; women's preferences for delivery; timing of decision to perform caesarean section.1136 women completed all three interviews; 476 women were lost to follow up (376 public patients and 100 private patients). Despite large differences in the rates of caesarean section in the two sectors (222/717 (31%) among public patients and 302/419 (72%) among private patients) there were no significant differences in preferences between the two groups. In both antenatal interviews, 70-80% in both sectors said they would prefer to deliver vaginally. In a large proportion of cases (237/502) caesarean delivery was decided on before admission: 48/207 (23%) in women in the public sector and 189/295 (64%) in women in the private sector.The large difference in the rates of caesarean sections in women in the public and private sectors is due to more unwanted caesarean sections among private patients rather than to a difference in preferences for delivery. High or rising rates of caesarean sections do not necessarily reflect demand for surgical delivery.
Peptones in Urine
Authors: C. H. Ralfe
Journal: BMJ (1883)

ItIhe' izaWination (mode IbrMr.Roos, curator) showed that the gtngrencous patohes upon thea abdomen had,pewetrated the entire thicknessof t!the skin, exposisig the musdles beneath; in other parts, the uloration was: oi lessJidepth.lIt each lung ,there were.several small recent secondary: abscesses, surrounded by a zone of hyperzmic tissue; otnthe left side.there was also recent lymph on the suarface of' -the' pleura, and two ounces of purulent fluid ^n its cavity.A careful inspection of the brain, the other viscera, and the joints, revealed nothing unnatural.-In this case the diagnosis was ,made certain by the child having been seen by: a competent 'observer, with the'prdinary eruption of varicella before gangrene had commenqed.But to any one acquainted with Mr. Hutchinson's paper, the history and: aspect 6f the 'eruption made the nature of the case sufficiently apparent.f;'The gangcr,ene in this instance set in suddenly arfd 'iogressod with grqat rapidity; ansi a point of interest is the early-occurrence 'of pyemia, which was no doubt the immediate cause of death.I am'afraid.the case does not throw any light upon the cause of this serioa'oomplication of what is usually a trifling disease.This child was very ill-npuxished (probably from wrong feeding) and feeble, but other recorded' itstances of tho disease have occurred in healthy children. PEPTONES IN URINE.
Efficacy and Safety of Bevacizumab-Based Therapy in Elderly Patients with Advanced or Recurrent Nonsquamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in the Phase III BO17704 Study (AVAiL)
Authors: Natasha B. Leighl, Petr Zatloukal, Jörg Mezger, Rodryg Ramlau, Nicola Moore, Martin Reck, Christian Manegold
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Catecholamines in Ulcer Provocation
Authors: Demetre M. Nicoloff
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Local and systemic factors are involved in stress ulceration. In the local gastric environment, acid and pepsin secretion,1mucus secretion,2vascular alterations,3and cellular resistance are important. Systemically, the stimulation of the central nervous system,4corticosteroid secretion,5and the presence of high levels of catecholamines and possibly tryptamines may play an important role in the genesis of stress ulceration. This study was designed to reproduce and to investigate the ulcerogenic role of two factors that are present during stress: increased gastric secretion and increased levels of catecholamines.  Methods  In the first portion of this experiment, 71 adult mongrel dogs and 21 adult cats were used. A No. 90 polyethylene catheter was tied into the left gastric artery and brought out to a subcutaneous position so that epinephrine could be injected with ease. Dilute heparin in 0.9% sodium chloride solution was used to maintain patency of the catheters.
Peptide leukotriene receptor antagonism in myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion
Authors: C. E Hock, L. D Beck, L. A Papa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Objective: The aim was to investigate the role of peptide leukotrienes in the pathophysiology of myocardial injury during reperfusion of previously ischaemic myocardium. Methods: Adult male cats (2.9-5.4 kg) were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 3 h followed by 3 h of reperfusion. The peptide leukotriene receptor antagonist, LY-171883, was given intravenously only during the reperfusion period (3 mg·kg−1 bolus; 3 mg·kg−1·h−1 infusion). Ischaemic injury was assessed by nitroblue tetrazolium staining and tissue creatine kinase activity; neutrophil infiltration was determined by myeloperoxidase activity of myocardial homogenates. Results: There was no significant difference at any time point in the experimental protocol between mean arterial blood pressure or pressure-rate index in cats given LY-171883 (3 mg·kg−1) and cats given vehicle. The area at risk of infarction (AAR) was 24(SEM 2)% for vehicle treated cats and 22(2)% for the drug treated cats. The necrotic area was 48(5)% of the AAR for the vehicle group but only 29(5)% of the AAR for the group given LY-171883 (p<0.02). Left ventricular maximum +dP/dt tended to be higher with drug treatment compared to vehicle at the end of the reperfusion period. Tissue from the area at risk was assayed for creatine kinase activity and neutrophil specific myeloperoxidase activity as an index of the accumulation of neutrophils in this region. Creatine kinase activity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the AAR for drug v vehicle treated cats following reperfusion, confirming the histochemical analysis. Myeloperoxidase activity increased approximately 12-fold in the AAR of cats receiving vehicle. LY-171883 did not reduce the myeloperoxidase activity significantly in the area at risk. Conclusions: LY-171883 has a protective effect in ischaemia-reperfusion injury to the myocardium. These findings suggest a role for peptide leukotrienes both in the extension of ischaemic damage and in post-ischaemic ventricular dysfunction during reperfusion. Cardiovascular Research 1992;26:1206-1211
Bioengineered Corneas — The Promise and the Challenge
Authors: I. R. Schwab, Roslyn Rivkah Isseroff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The promise of bioengineered replacements for diseased or damaged tissues has become a reality, notably for skin and cartilage. The article by Tsai et al. in this issue of the Journal 1 demonstrates the promise of a nascent form of technology that may provide a new tool for reconstructing damaged ocular surfaces that previously would have been unrepairable.Conditions such as the Stevens–Johnson syndrome, cicatricial pemphigoid, and chemical burns, among others, can severely compromise ocular surfaces and cause catastrophic visual loss in otherwise healthy eyes; such problems afflict thousands of patients in North America every year.2 The global burden of blindness . . .
Quantitation of minimal residual disease in t(8;21)-positive acute myelogenous leukemia patients using real-time quantitative RT-PCR
Authors: Takeshi Sugimoto, Hiranmoy Das, Shion Imoto, Tohru Murayama, Hiroshi Gomyo, Sanjoy Chakraborty, Rika Taniguchi, Takashi Isobe, Toshitaro Nakagawa, Ryuichiro Nishimura, Tamio Koizumi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

t(8;21) is one of the common chromosomal translocations in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Using a recently developed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system, we analyzed the minimal residual disease (MRD) in bone marrow samples from seven AML patients with t(8;21) at different time points during the clinical courses of their disease. Four of these patients received chemotherapy and allogenic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT), and the other three were treated with chemotherapy alone. Two of the patients that received allo-BMT suffered a relapse. In these patients, the levels of AML1-MTG8 mRNA expression were shown to quantitatively increase. After re-induction chemotherapy and donor lymphocyte infusion therapy, AML went into remission and the expression levels decreased. In the other two patients receiving allo-BMT, the disease went into remission and the level of AML1-MTG8 mRNA expression remained under the detectable range. The other three patients received several courses of chemotherapy, without allo-BMT, and all of them clinically reached the hematological and cytogenetic remission state. However, there were low but detectable levels of MRD in their bone marrow samples. These results suggest that the real-time quantitative PCR assay is very useful for the monitoring of MRD and detecting an early relapse. This assay may also be useful in determining the quantitative difference in myelo-ablative activity between the chemotherapy alone and chemotherapy in conjunction with allo-BMT.
Abstract 881: Hyperthermic isolated intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) for treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinosis - Analysing negative influencing cellular mechanisms in the tumor cells.
Authors: Martin Gasser, Maria Lazariotou, Malte Vetterlein, Tanja Grimmig, Christoph T. Germer, Joerg Pelz, Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: In patients with isolated peritoneal carcinosis (PC) of gastric, colorectal and ovarian cancer hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) represents a promising treatment option integrated into multimodal concepts. We analyzed relevant heat shock proteins (HSPs) that confer resistance to physical stress like hyperthermia as well as specific multidrug resistence (MDR) genes in patients with PC. Materials/Methods: Patients with different adenocarcinomas and additional PC that underwent HIPEC therapy between 09/09 and 03/11 in our department (gastric, colorectal and ovarian cancer) were included in the study. HIPEC therapy was performed under specific conditions (1hr permanent chemotherapeutical flux via external pump into the abdominal cavity after resection of relevant tumor masses with elevated temperature up to 43°C). Tumors before and after HIPEC therapy were analyzed for HSPs, ABC transporter and CD133 expression by immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, and RT-qPCR. Additionally, HT29 tumor cells were exposed in vitro to different conditions of hyperthermia up to 43°C for 60 minutes and comparably analyzed. Tumor cells were counted and studied for apoptosis. Results: HSP70/72, HSP90 and CD133 expression was upregulated in the investigated tumors, in particular post HIPEC therapy. Upregulated protein and gene expression was also shown for MDR genes ABCB5, ABCG2 and ABCC5. Hyperthermia induced upregulated protein and gene expression in HT29 tumor cells dependent on incubation temperature, mainly for HSPs observed in western blot, immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Furthermore, cell viability decreased with increasing incubation temperature. Conclusion: Therapeutic approaches like HIPEC to achieve antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing cellular effects in patients with PC seem to be negatively influenced by highly conserved HSP mechanisms as well as multidrug resistance genes. Studying HSP and MDR expression profiles both in patient tumors and in vitro are valuable tools to further clarify the effects of hyperthermia and chemotherapeutical agents in context with the treatment of HIPEC therapy in the affected patients. Citation Format: Martin Gasser, Maria Lazariotou, Malte Vetterlein, Tanja Grimmig, Christoph T. Germer, Joerg Pelz, Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser. Hyperthermic isolated intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) for treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinosis - Analysing negative influencing cellular mechanisms in the tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 881. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-881
358 IN MORBID OBESITY, NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE ASSSOCIATES TO FAT OVERLOAD IN THE MUSCLE BUT NOT MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION
Authors: M.V. Machado, A.R. Silvestre, T. Evangelista, J. Coutinho, F. Carepa, A. Costa, H. Cortez-Pinto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
718 IS HEPATITIS C PREVALENCE DECREASING AMONG OPIATE-SUBSTITUTED DRUG USERS ATTENDING AN ADDICTION OUTPATIENT UNIT IN FRANCE?
Authors: K. Randl, P. Courty, S. Dubost, N. Authier, A. Boye, A.M. Harrand, C. Leblanc, P. Viguie, A. Abergel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
The atrophogenic effect of crude coal tar on human epidermis
Authors: ROBERT M. LAVKER, GARY L. GROVE, ALBERT M. KLIGMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

The effects of crude coal tar on human epidermis were studied in fourteen healthy young adult males. A 20% reduction in viable epidermal thickness, as determined by computer assisted analytical microscopy, was observed after 40 days of topical treatment. Prior to this long term effect of crude coal tar, an initial transient hyperplasia was observed during the first 2 weeks of treatment. These findings indicate that crude coal tar by itself can act as a cytostatic agent on normal human skin, when applied intensively.