tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modification of the Atrial Sound by the Cold Pressor Test, Carotid Sinus Massage, and the Valsalva Maneuver
Authors: WILLARD S. HARRIS, PHILIP RODIN, BERNARD TABATZNIK
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Three procedures were investigated for their effect on the atrial sound. The cold pressor test caused the atrial sound to appear in one subject and to become louder in 15 of 28 subjects; it increased the atriosystolic murmur in two subjects with mitral stenosis. These effects were at least partly independent of changes in arterial diastolic pressure and heart rate. Carotid sinus massage decreased the atrial sound in five of 10 subjects and produced an unexplained increase in one. Following release of the strain of the Valsalva maneuver the atrial sound became louder than before the strain; in seven subjects its amplitude increased progressively and the sound also migrated from the first heart sound. Increase of the atrial sound by the cold pressor test is attributed to sympathetic action upon peripheral veins, arteries, and the left atrium; its decrease by carotid sinus massage, to parasympathetic action upon these structures and the cardiac pacemaker; and its increase following release of the strain of the Valsalva maneuver, to combined increases of venous return and cardiovascular sympathetic activity. The proposed explanations require investigation by more direct methods. Sympathetic activity may contribute to the increased amplitude of atrial sounds during states of exercise and heightened emotion and, in part, for their frequent occurrence in thyrotoxicosis.
733. The Human XIST Gene Promoter Prevents Silencing of an Integrated Reporter Gene
Authors: Michael R. Greene, Christopher H. Lowrey
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Epigenetic silencing and position dependent expression are long-standing problems which continue to limit the development of gene replacement therapy. As a strategy to overcome this problem we have tested the ability of the human XIST (X inactivation-specific transcript) gene promoter to overcome epigenetic silencing. The XIST gene is one of a relatively small cohort of genes which are expressed from the inactive X chromosome in mammalian cells containing multiple copies of the X chromosome. The product of this gene is an untranslated structural RNA which coats the selected redundant X chromosome(s) prior to the covalent modification of histones and methylation of CpG islands and the resultant silencing of the majority the genes on the chromosome. Continued expression of the XIST gene in this highly repressive environment is required to maintain the chromosome in an inactive state. The region of the proximal promoter of the XIST gene on the inactive X chromosome has been shown to retain an active chromatin structure. Based on these findings we hypothesized that the XIST gene promoter might be able to resist the epigenetic changes which lead to transgene silencing in therapeutic applications. To test this idea, we subcloned a 315 base pair sequence of 5' untranslated region of XIST known to contain the minimal promoter sequence upstream of an enhanced GFP reporter gene in a pUC-based plasmid which also contained a neomycin resistance gene. The same plasmid, with a CMV promoter, served as our control vector. The MEL cell line (mouse erythroleukemia) is often used as a first screen for vectors with potential for use in therapeutic gene transfer to erythroid cells because genes transferred into these cells are frequently silenced. The plasmids were electroporated into MEL cells and then grown in media containing G418. Individual colonies were selected, grown to confluence, G418 removed and then maintained in non-selective culture. Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of cells in each clonal population which were expressing GFP above the level of the untransduced MEL cell line. Statistical analyses of results were performed using the t-test. 16 XIST and 13 CMV clones were available for analysis at the start of the experiment (time 0). 11/13 CMV clones and 12/16 XIST clones were initially expressing GFP. Of the clones which were expressing GFP, the average percentages of positive cells were higher for those with the XIST promoter (63% vs. 41%, p=0.015). Expression was reanalyzed after 6 weeks of culture without G418 selection. At this time point, the average percentage of GFP expressing cells was much higher for the XIST clones (57% vs. 19%, p=0.00008) and when analyzed for silencing, XIST clones were expressing at an average of 90% of their time 0 levels vs. 46% for the CMV clones (p=.0008). These results indicate that the XIST promoter is resistant to silencing in our model and is a candidate for further development and mechanistic studies.
The Immune System: A Course on the Molecular and Cellular Basis of Immunity
Authors: Elliott Middleton
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<b>Immunology: Readings from Scientific American</b>, with introduction and additional material by F. M. Burnet, 275 pp, 250 illus, $14, paper $7, San Francisco, Freeman &amp; Co, 1976. <i>The Immune System</i>arose from the lectures given at the Advanced Course sponsored by the Department of Immunology at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, University of London. It has four major divisions: immunochemistry, immunobiology, immunogenetics, and immunopathology. Each major division has several sections, each of which deserves its own monograph for full exposition. However, the editors have chosen to flex their editorial muscle, keeping firm rein on the contributions, and have produced a volume that is lucid yet densely packed with fact. In the space of one or two pages, they succinctly present information that might otherwise take a dozen or more. Yet, despite this evident control, the style of the individual remains apparent. The volume requires slow, careful reading, but the reward
Intraoperative evaluation of mitral valve regurgitation and repair by transesophageal echocardiography: Incidence and significance of systolic anterior motion
Authors: William K. Freeman, Hartzell V. Schaff, Bijoy K. Khandheria, Jae K. Oh, Thomas A. Orszulak, Martin D. Abel, James B. Seward, A. Jamil Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Topics in Palliative Care
Authors: Charles F. von Gunten
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Medical Writings15 September 1997Topics in Palliative CareCharles F. von Gunten, MD, PhDCharles F. von Gunten, MD, PhDNorthwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-6-199709150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Topics in Palliative CarePortenoy RK, Bruera E; eds. 316 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1997. $46.95. ISBN 0195102444. Order phone 800-451-7556.Field of medicine: Palliative medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Clinicians working in and those pursuing education and research in hospice and palliative medicine.Purpose: To enhance communication among practitioners and academics working in palliative medicine, summarize state-of-the-art science and clinical care in this field, and frame directions for future research.Content: This is the first book in a new series on selected clinical topics in the developing field of palliative medicine, which is devoted to the relief ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1997Volume 127, Issue 6Page: 496KeywordsAcademic medicineConstipationDeliriumForecastingHealth carePain managementPalliative carePatientsProgressive diseases Issue Published: 15 September 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Primary Cutaneous Actinomycosis
Authors: Robert R. Briney
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Primary cutaneous actinomycosis is a rarity in an uncommon disease. It may be diagnosed only when the presence of a deeper focus has been excluded. Most cases reported have been the result of oral-cutaneous contact. This paper reports an extensive abdominal-wall lesion following a puncture injury with a baling wire. A 42-year-old white man entered the hospital because of multiple draining sinuses over the left abdominal wall. The first lesion had begun a year before as a single, persistent, draining sinus in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Three short courses of penicillin in the year preceding admission had each resulted in temporary improvement but drainage recurred and new sinuses formed when treatment was stopped. The patient had been a road-construction laborer. His job was to break open bales of straw and spread it over newly set concrete. He recalled abrading the skin of his abdomen
Doctors as lapdogs to drug firms
Authors: Aubrey Blumsohn
Journal: BMJ (2006)

How doctors' anonymity in family courts is under threat Gornall is way out of dateEditor-Gornall is embarrassingly out of date in his detailed analysis of the B case (which was dealt with by the family courts nearly three years ago), and its relevance to proposed changes in the law to make the English family court system more transparent. 1 Since then, notwithstanding the ever increasingly exaggerated claims from some quarters that opening the family courts would harm children and deter court experts, the courts themselves are acknowledging the need for English family courts to do their business in the more transparent way that courts in Canada, Australia, and of course Scotland have done without apparent difficulty for years.Several High Court judgments have recorded judicial support for more openness to increase public confidence, and Gornall fails to mention that the president and many of his senior judges are in favour of change in this direction.In a landmark case which was decided on 3 November, Munby J agreed that an ongoing case where parents dispute expert evidence that they injured their child should be open to the media.The local authority concerned issued a "position statement" to the press and the reporting in the Times, Guardian, and the Mail on Sunday set out both sides' cases, as did the broadcasting media.A BBC "Real Story" programme on the case allowed a senior official from the local authority ample time to put their case.No vilification of any experts involved was reported.It is likely that more judges will follow Munby J's example and more public interest cases will be opened to the media pending any change in the law.Will the skies fall in?I doubt it, but your readers can judge for themselves.Hopefully they will understand that in complex childcare cases where expert evidence may be tenuous and the stakes for children are very high, public debate can stimulate awareness of the problems faced by all professionals involved in child protection.It's difficult getting the balance right, but doing it in secret doesn't help.
Protein Kinase B/Akt Phosphorylates and Inhibits the Cardiac Na <sup>+/</sup> H <sup>+</sup> Exchanger NHE1
Authors: Andrew K. Snabaitis, Friederike Cuello, Metin Avkiran
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Sarcolemmal Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) activity is mediated by NHE isoform 1 (NHE1), which is subject to regulation by protein kinases. Our objectives were to determine whether NHE1 is phosphorylated by protein kinase B (PKB), identify any pertinent phosphorylation site(s), and delineate the functional consequences of such phosphorylation. Active PKBalpha phosphorylated in vitro a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-NHE1 fusion protein comprising amino acids 516 to 815 of the NHE1 carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain. PKBalpha-mediated phosphorylation of GST-NHE1 fusion proteins containing overlapping segments of this region localized the targeted residues to the carboxyl-terminal 190 amino acids (625 to 815) of NHE1. Mass spectrometry and phosphorylation analysis of mutated (Ser-->Ala) GST-NHE1 fusion proteins revealed that PKBalpha-mediated phosphorylation of NHE1 occurred principally at Ser648. Far-Western assays demonstrated that PKBalpha-mediated Ser648 phosphorylation abrogated calcium-activated calmodulin (CaM) binding to the regulatory domain of NHE1. In adult rat ventricular myocytes, adenovirus-mediated expression of myristoylated PKBalpha (myr-PKBalpha) increased cellular PKB activity, as confirmed by increased glycogen synthase kinase 3beta phosphorylation. Heterologously expressed myr-PKBalpha was present in the sarcolemma, colocalized with NHE1 at the intercalated disc regions, increased NHE1 phosphorylation, and reduced NHE1 activity following intracellular acidosis. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of endogenous PKB increased NHE1 activity following intracellular acidosis. Our data suggest that NHE1 is a novel PKB substrate and that its PKB-mediated phosphorylation at Ser648 inhibits sarcolemmal NHE activity during intracellular acidosis, most likely by interfering with CaM binding and reducing affinity for intracellular H(+).
Conceptual multiplicity and structure
Authors: Norman R. Gall
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Dienes &amp; Perner make three mistakes in their account of the “natural language meaning” of implicit-explicit knowledge: They fail to take the multiplicity of use of a concept seriously enough, they arbitrarily separate use of a concept and its conceptual structure, and they tend to tailor their analysis for use by the Representational Theory of Knowledge.
p16INK4a Impairs Homologous Recombination–Mediated DNA Repair in Human Papillomavirus–Positive Head and Neck Tumors
Authors: Rüveyda Dok, Peter Kalev, Evert Jan Van Limbergen, Layka Abbasi Asbagh, Iria Vázquez, Esther Hauben, Anna Sablina, Sandra Nuyts
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The p16INK4a protein is a principal cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that decelerates the cell cycle. Abnormally high levels of p16INK4a are commonly observed in human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). We and others found that p16INK4a overexpression is associated with improved therapy response and survival of patients with HNSCC treated with radiotherapy. However, the functional role of p16INK4a in HNSCC remains unexplored. Our results implicate p16INK4a in regulation of homologous recombination–mediated DNA damage response independently from its role in control of the cell cycle. We found that expression of p16INK4a dramatically affects radiation sensitivity of HNSCC cells. p16INK4a overexpression impairs the recruitment of RAD51 to the site of DNA damage in HPV-positive cells by downregulating of cyclin D1 protein expression. Consistent with the in vitro findings, immunostaining of HNSCC patient samples revealed that high levels p16INK4a expression significantly correlated with decreased cyclin D1 expression. In summary, these findings reveal an unexpected function of p16INK4a in homologous recombination–mediated DNA repair response and imply p16INK4a status as an independent marker to predict response of patients with HNSCC to radiotherapy. Cancer Res; 74(6); 1739–51. ©2014 AACR.
Bowel cleansing for colonoscopy: prospective randomized assessment of efficacy and of induced mucosal abnormality with three preparation agents
Authors: I. Lawrance, R. Willert, K. Murray
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Background and study aims: Bowel-cleansing studies are frequently underpowered, poorly designed, and use subjective bowel cleansing assessments. Consensus on efficacy, tolerability, and preparation-induced mucosal abnormalities is lacking. This study aimed to clarify the differences in efficacy and preparation-induced mucosal inflammation of sodium phosphate (NaP), colonLYTLEY (PEG), and Picoprep (Pico).
Antigen-driven basophil activation is indicative of early Necator americanus infection in IgE-seronegative patients
Authors: Franco H. Falcone, Gary Telford, Doreen Hooi, Alan P. Brown, Rita Seabra, Johanna Feary, Andrea Venn, John Britton, David I. Pritchard
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Frontier Medicine: From the Atlantic to the Pacific, 1492-1941
Authors: Richard P. Holm
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Comparison of Effectiveness of Screening for Phenylketonuria in the United States, United Kingdom and Ireland
Authors: Barbara Starfield, Neil A. Holtzman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Abstract A study of the effectiveness of screening for phenylketonuria in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the United States indicated that the diagnosis is more likely to be missed in the latter two countries because of the earlier age at which infants are screened. Furthermore, in the United States, diagnosis and treatment are delayed as compared with Ireland and the United Kingdom. Because the test most commonly used to detect phenylketonuria is identical in all three countries, the differences in effectiveness are attributable to the way in which it is applied. In the United Kingdom, personnel and facilities have clearly defined roles and responsibilities. There is co-ordination between in-hospital and extra-hospital health care, and follow-up care of young infants in the community is assured. Greater effectiveness of screening in the United States will require a more rational organization of health services. (N Engl J Med 293:118–121,1975)
TCT-74 Impact of Pre-Procedural Coronary CT Angiography on the Procedural Success of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusion: A Multicenter Study of e-CTO Investigators
Authors: Jin-Ho Choi, Young-Bin Song, Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Cheol-Woong Yoo, Hee-Yeol Kim, Seung-Woon Rha, Young Keun Ahn, Jong Seon Park, Doo-Il Kim, Seung-Ho Huh, Seung Hwan Lee, Jang-Hyun Cho, Jang-Ho Bae, Donghoon Choi, In-Ho Chae, Hyo-Soo Kim, Hun-Sik Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Transmission of agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Authors: D H Adams, W M Edgar
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Purpose: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) might be a suitable immunotherapeutic target in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our approach consists of active immunotherapy with EGF. The aim of the study is to characterize the humoral response and its effects on signal transduction in relation with the clinical outcome.  Experimental Design: Eighty NSCLC patients treated with first-line chemotherapy were randomized to receive the EGF vaccine or supportive care. EGF concentration in sera, anti-EGF antibodies and their capacity to inhibit the binding between EGF/EGF receptor (EGFR), and the EGFR phosphorylation were measured.  Results: Seventy-three percent of vaccinated patients developed a good antibody response, whereas none of the controls did. In good antibody-responder patients, self EGF in sera was significantly reduced. In 58% of vaccinated patients, the post-immune sera inhibited EGF/EGFR binding; in the control group, no inhibition occurred. Post-immune sera inhibited the EGFR phosphorylation whereas sera from control patients did not have this capacity. Good antibody-responder patients younger than 60 years had a significantly better survival. A high correlation between anti-EGF antibody titers, EGFR phosphorylation inhibition, and EGF/EGFR binding inhibition was found. There was a significantly better survival for vaccinated patients that showed the higher capacity to inhibit EGF/EGFR binding and for those who showed an immunodominance by the central region of EGF molecule.  Conclusions: Immunization with the EGF vaccine induced neutralizing anti-EGF antibodies capable of inhibiting EGFR phosphorylation. There was a significant positive correlation between antibody titers, EGF/EGFR binding inhibition, immunodominance of anti-EGF antibodies, and survival in advanced NSCLC patients.
Diverticulitis Presenting as Emphysematous Cellulitis
Authors: R. L. G. Dawson, R. H. Hardy
Journal: BMJ (1948)

A case of diverticulitis of the large intestine which presented as an emphysematous cellulitis spreading down the leg from the left groin is considered of sufficient general interest to merit recording.This occuried in a patient under observation for another condition.A similar case which occurred in the hospital in 1908 has been recalled by a senior member of the staff and is also recorded.Case History Mrs. C., aged 73, was admitted on Nov. 30, 1946, for excision of a rapidly growing tumour of the skin of the lumbar region.
Damn it, I still don't know what to do!
Authors: Robert J. Sternberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The simple heuristics described in this book are ingenious but are unlikely to be optimally helpful in real-world, consequential, high-stakes decision making, such as mate and job selection. I discuss why the heuristics may not always provide people with such decisions to make with as much enlightenment as they would wish.