tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HLA-DR antigen expression on the keratinocyte surface in dermatoses characterized by lymphocytic exocytosis (e.g. pityriasis rosea)
Authors: S. AIBA, H. TAGAMI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

We have investigated the immunoperoxidase staining pattern of the epidermis in several dermatoses characterized by exocytosis of mononuclear cells into the epidermis. We found that HLA‐DR antigens showed an intercellular distribution in localized areas of the epidermis in nine of ten cases of pityriasis rosea, and in all four cases of spontaneously regressing flat warts, two cases of pityriasis lichenoides chronica, two of Schamberg's disease, and one case of lichen striatus. Lichen planus and mycosis fungoides cases were used as positive controls. OKT6 antigen was recognized only on the dendritic cells of the epidermis in all these cases. Judging from the distribution of Langerhans cells, the epidermal intercellular HLA‐DR antigen seems to be expressed on the keratinocytes in such diseases, and this feature was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. These findings support the hypothesis that the expression of HLA‐DR antigen on keratinocytes in these dermatoses is linked to cellular immune reactions involving the epidermis.
Comparative study of AMP579 and adenosine in inhibition of neutrophil-mediated vascular and myocardial injury during 24 h of reperfusion
Authors: Jason M Budde, Daniel A Velez, Zhi-Qing Zhao, Kenneth L Clark, Cullen D Morris, Satoshi Muraki, Robert A Guyton, Jakob Vinten-Johansen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare protective effects of AMP579 and adenosine (Ado) at reperfusion (R) on inhibition of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) activation, PMN-mediated injury to coronary artery endothelium, and final infarct size. Methods: In anesthetized dogs, 1 h of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion was followed by 24 h R and drugs were administered at R. Control (n=8, saline control), AMPI (n=7, AMP579, 50 μg/kg i.v. bolus followed by 3 μg/kg/min for 2 h), AMPII (n=7, AMP579, 50 μg/kg i.v. bolus), AMPIII (n=7, AMP579, 3 μg/kg/min i.v. for 2 h), and Ado (n=7, adenosine, 140 μg/kg/min i.v. for 2 h). Results: AMP579 in vitro directly inhibited superoxide radical (O−2) generation (nM/5×106 PMNs) from PMNs dose-dependently (from 17±1* at 10 nM to 2±0.2* at 10 μM vs. activated 30±2). However, inhibition of O−2 generation by Ado at each concentration was significantly less than for AMP579. The IC50 value for AMP579 (0.09±0.02 μM) on O−2 generation was significantly less than that of Ado (3.9±1.1 μM). Adherence of unstimulated PMN to postischemic coronary artery endothelium (PMNs/mm2) was attenuated in AMPI and AMPIII vs. Control (60±3* and 58±3* vs. Control 110±4), while Ado partially attenuated PMN adherence (98±3*). Accordingly, endothelial-dependent vascular relaxation was significantly greater in AMPI and AMPIII vs. Ado. At 24 h R, myocardial blood flow (MBF, ml/min/g) in the area at risk (AAR), confirmed by colored microspheres, in AMPI and AMPIII was significantly improved (0.8±0.1* and 0.7±0.1* vs. Control 0.3±0.04). Infarct size (IS, TTC staining) in AMPI and AMPIII was significantly reduced from 38±3% in Control to 21±4%* and 22±3%*, respectively, confirmed by lower plasma creatine kinase activity (I.U./g protein) in these two groups (27±6* and 32±2* vs. 49±3). Cardiac myeloperoxidase activity (MPO, Abs/min) in the AAR was significantly reduced in AMPI and AMPIII vs. Control (36±11* and 35±10* vs. 89±10). However, changes in MBF, IS and MPO were not significantly altered by Ado. Conclusions: These data suggest that continuous infusion of AMP579 at R is more potent than adenosine in attenuating R injury, and AMP579-induced cardioprotection involves inhibition of PMN-induced vascular and myocardial tissue injury. *P<0.05 vs. Control.
Cardiac Arrest in the Operating Room
Authors: Paul R. Hinchey, Clifford J. Straehley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

NO situation in surgery is as urgent as cardiac arrest. The surgeon meets with no other operating-room complication in which indecision and delay are so disastrous. However, dramatic rescue of a dying patient may be achieved by prompt, specific therapy. In a recent review Dale1 cites a mortality of 69 per cent for 312 collected cases. Stevenson2 has stated that the mortality in 1000 cases collected from all over the world was 72 per cent. By contrast, Lahey3 reports a mortality of 30 per cent in the last 10 cases at the Lahey Clinic. Papper4 states that during the past . . .
Lactose absorption and milk drinking habits in Estonians with myocardial infarction
Authors: M Lember, A Tamm
Journal: BMJ (1988)

L'infarctus du myocarde est particulierement frequent en Estonie, et la consommation de grandes quantites de lait avec absorption normale du lactose est consideree comme un facteur de risque d'infarctus. Confirmation par la revue de 70 cas d'infarctus du myocarde compares a 70 cas temoins. La consommation de lait devrait etre limitee a moins de 3 verres (200 ml) par jour
Miliary Tuberculosis in Adults
Authors: A. T. Proudfoot, A. J. Akhtar, A. C. Douglas, N. W. Horne
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Of 40 adults with miliary tuberculosis 24 had "overt" disease; in them miliary mottling was usually present on the chest radiograph, and tubercle bacilli were readily isolated from sputum, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid. In the remaining 16 patients the disease was termed "cryptic" because its usual clinical and radiographic features were absent. This cryptic type is as common as the overt type in patients over 60 years. In this series the peak age incidence was in the eighth decade, and possibly this increase in the incidence age is due to the breakdown of old tuberculous foci in patients with diminished immunological mechanisms. Cryptic miliary tuberculosis is a difficult diagnostic problem and should be suspected in any elderly patient, particularly a woman, who has an unexplained pyrexia, pancytopenia, or leukaemoid reaction. In 10 cases it was diagnosed by a therapeutic trial with para-aminosalicylic acid and isoniazid, a fall of temperature to normal (usually within a week), weight gain, a rise in haemoglobin, and increased well-being being the criteria of improvement The use of such a trial is strongly advocated as a specific method of diagnosing cryptic miliary tuberculosis.
Suicide and Homicide Among Adolescents
Authors: L. D. Hankoff
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This work is an important contribution to our understanding of a troubling social ill of our time—violence by and upon adolescents. The authors examine suicide and homicide in terms of the similarities and differences in the two forms of adolescent wastage and, in turn, offer a comprehensive approach to adolescent violence. They view their subject in both epidemiologic and clinical terms and demonstrate the relevance of a medical perspective in an initiative against violence. The authors combine their own considerable work with the literature, pursuing the available empirical findings and avoiding sensational and narrative anecdotal aspects of adolescent tragedy. They note, for example, that the media report adolescent deaths with a regularity that spotlights the issue and distorts its longitudinal aspects. They also note that entirely national data have been available only since 1933 and suggest that adolescent violent death rates may have been greater in past centuries. In relation
Letter Regarding Article by Ejiri et al, “Possible Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease”
Authors: Marek Lommatzsch, J. Christian Virchow
Journal: Circulation (2006)

We have read with interest the article by Ejiri and colleagues 1 about the possible role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, which suggests that BDNF might contribute to plaque instability in coronary artery disease because of enhanced local nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) oxidase activity and superoxide production.On the basis of increased BDNF concentrations in EDTA-containing plasma in the coronary sinus (compared with concentrations measured in the aortic root) and several histological studies in patients with acute coronary syndrome, the authors assume that BDNF is derived mainly from diseased coronary arteries. 1 We would like to suggest an alternative interpretation.It has been well established that BDNF is one of the major mediators stored in human platelets.Human platelets contain large amounts of BDNF (Ϸ100 pg/10 6 platelets) that is released rapidly by platelets in response to shear stress or agonist stimulation. 2,3 The fact that platelets in 1 mL human blood contain 200-fold more BDNF than 1 mL human plasma 3 makes it very difficult to avoid a partial release of BDNF from activated platelets during plasma extraction.We have recently shown that heparinized human plasma contains Ͻ100 pg BDNF/mL, 3 whereas EDTA plasma from the same individuals contained Ͼ700 pg BDNF/mL.These data strongly suggest that EDTA plasma, which has been examined by Ejiri and coworkers, 1 contains BDNF from activated platelets.Increased blood flow velocity and shear stress in the presence of significant narrowing of epicardial coronary arteries lead to platelet activation. 4Thus, elevated concentrations of BDNF in EDTA plasma taken from the coronary sinus in acute coronary syndrome might be explained by a release of BDNF from activated platelets, either in vivo or in vitro.Elevated concentrations of other platelet-derived mediators in EDTA plasma taken from the coronary sinus have previously been linked to platelet activation in coronary artery disease. 5It is therefore likely that the observations by Ejiri and coworkers are related to platelet activation.This interpretation reveals a hitherto unknown aspect of platelet activation in the acute coronary syndrome.
Recruitment, retention, and time commitment change of general practitioners in England and wales, 1990-4: a retrospective study
Authors: D. H Taylor Jr, B. Leese
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To describe the recruitment and retention of general practitioners and changes in their time commitment from 1 October 1990 to 1 October 1994. <b>Design:</b> Retrospective analysis of yearly data. <b>Setting:</b> England and Wales. <b>Subjects:</b> General practitioners in unrestricted practice. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Numbers of general practitioners moving into and out of general practice; proportion of general practitioners practising less than full time; proportion of general practitioners having unchanged time commitment over the study period; and proportion of general practitioners leaving general practice in 1991 who were subsequently practising in 1994. <b>Results:</b> Numbers of general practitioners entering general practice (1565 in 1990, 1400 in 1994) fell over the study period as did the numbers leaving general practice (1488 in 1990, 1115 in 1994). The net effect was an increase in both the total and full time equivalent general practitioners practising from 1 October 1990 (26 757 full time equivalents) to 1 October 1994 (27 063 full time equivalents). Numbers of general practitioners practising full time were decreasing whereas part time practice was increasing; women were more likely to practise part time. 35.5% (43/121) of women practising full time and 17.8% (24/135) of men practising full time who left practice in 1991 were practising again in 1994. <b>Conclusion:</b> Simply using total numbers of general practitioners or net increase to describe workforce trends masks much movement in and out of general practice and between differing time commitments. Recruitment and retention issues need to be separated if reasonable policies are to be developed to assure the necessary general practitioner workforce for a primary care led NHS. <h3>Key messages</h3> Between 1990 and 1994 there was a fall both in the numbers of general practioners entering general practice and in the numbers leaving general practice The net effect was an increase in both total and full time equivalent general practitioners practising from 1990 to 1994 Women who left practice in 1991 were more likely than men to be practising again in 1994 Using total numbers of general practitioners or net increase to describe workforce trends masks movement in and out of general practice and between differing time commitments Recruitment and retention issues need to be separated if policies are to be developed to assure the necessary general practitioner workforce for a primary care led NHS
Screening for Lung Cancer
Authors: Katharine R. Boucot
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Dr. William Weiss and I would like to answer Dr. Robert Fontana's EDITORIAL criticism (225:1372,1973) of our article, Is Curable Lung Cancer Detected by Semiannual Screening? (224:1361-1365, 1973).  To correct Dr. Fontana's impression of our objective, it was not  the hope that enough 'curable' cases of lung cancer would be found to justify continuation or amplification of the program, but, from the start, to delineate the natural history of lung cancer. 1   We have reported our findings in more than two dozen articles over the past 18 years. After more than two decades of research and analysis, we have concluded that our method does not produce a rewarding yield of cured lung cancer cases.  The 6,136 men we studied for ten years were undoubtedly a self-selected population. First, they were people who were seeking a free chest x-ray film for one reason or another and, second,
Treatment of Parkinson's Syndrome with L Dihydroxyphenylalanine (Levodopa)
Authors: FLETCHER MCDOWELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

In 1967 Cotzias recommended d, i, dihydroxyphenylalanine (levodopa) for the treatment of Parkinson's syndrome. Since then 100 patients have been treated at Cornell University Medical College for a minimum of 6 months. Sixty percent of the patients showed 50% or more improvement. In some patients improvement was so marked that it would be difficult to make a diagnosis of Parkinson's syndrome. Patients with severe Parkinson's syndrome or dementia show less marked improvement. All the major manifestations of Parkinson's syndrome—bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor—are improved to the same degree. Dosages needed for improvement range from 1.5 g to 8 g/day. Evidence of toxicity includes nausea, anorexia, orthostatic hypotension, and new adventitious movements. There have been no instances of bone marrow depression or hepatic or renal toxicity. A possible synergistic effect between anticholinergic medication and levodopa has been observed. Levodopa appears to be the most effective agent for the treatment of Parkinson's syndrome now available.
DNAJC19, a Mitochondrial Cochaperone Associated with Cardiomyopathy, Forms a Complex with Prohibitins to Regulate Cardiolipin Remodeling
Authors: Ricarda Richter-Dennerlein, Anne Korwitz, Mathias Haag, Takashi Tatsuta, Sascha Dargazanli, Michael Baker, Thorsten Decker, Tobias Lamkemeyer, Elena I. Rugarli, Thomas Langer
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Rapid resolution of signs of primary intracerebral haemorrhage in computed tomograms of the brain.
Authors: M S Dennis, J M Bamford, A J Molyneux, C P Warlow
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Computed tomography of the brain plays an important part in the management of stroke, both in those cases in which diagnosis is uncertain' and to differentiate haemorrhagic from ischaemic stroke.Although deciding which type of stroke is present may not affect the management of many patients, it is important if treatment with anticoagulants or carotid surgery is being considered.When such treatment is being considered it is vital that patients with primary intracerebral haemorrhage are correctly identified as anticoagulation is dangerous and carotid endarterectomy inappropriate.It may also be advisable to exclude primary intracerebral haemorrhage before treatment with aspirin is started, although whether aspirin predisposes to extension of the stroke or recurrence in cases of primary intracerebral haemorrhage is not known.Differentiating between haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke on clinical grounds is not sufficiently reliable to allow these management decisions to be made' and is not improved by examination of the cerebrospinal fluid.I Clinical scoring systems, such as the recently described Allen score,' improve the reliability of the clinical assessment but are insensitive in identifying mild strokes due to small intracerebral haemorrhages.It is the patients with mild strokes, however, who have most to gain from secondary preventive measures.In the weeks after a primary intracerebral haemorrhage the high density area on computed tomography is replaced by a smaller isodense or hypodense area.Sometimes these changes occur rapidly and may make primary intracerebral haemorrhage indistinguishable from infarction if tomography is delayed.If this fact is not considered then inappropriate treatment may be given.Little has been written about the clinical implications of these rapid changes after primary intracerebral haemorrhage: several of the major medical and neurological textbooks do not mention the problem."7We present five cases of primary intracerebral haemorrhage that show how easy it is to misdiagnose the type of stroke if the timing of computed tomography is not taken into account. MethodsThe Oxfordshire community stroke project has been described in detail elsewhere.8All patients with first ever stroke and transient ischaemic attack in a well defined population of about 105 000 were seen prospectively by
Laboratory Evidence of Sustained Chronic Inflammatory Reaction in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Noriko Yoshida, Yasuhiro Ikeda, Shoji Notomi, Keijiro Ishikawa, Yusuke Murakami, Toshio Hisatomi, Hiroshi Enaida, Tatsuro Ishibashi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Lessons from a Genomewide Association Study of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Ryo Yamada
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which the articular joints are gradually destroyed. Occasionally there is systemic involvement, which can include vasculitis in various organs and pulmonary fibrosis. The disease has multifactorial causes to which genetic and environmental factors are thought to contribute. The presence of autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) is specific to rheumatoid arthritis; although the mechanistic significance of these autoantibodies is obscure, their detection contributes both to the differential diagnosis and to a prediction of the severity of joint destruction. Rheumatoid arthritis causes substantial morbidity and mortality and is sometimes accompanied by severe infection . . .
Preventing the spread of HIV infection.
Authors: N O'Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1991)

It is obvious that the most important message to be given to anybody taking blood samples is to adhere to the local recommendations and that no samples should be left unlabelled or improperly labelled.The importance of training to ensure appropriate identification of donor and patient samples cannot be overemphasised.The minimum information that should go on the tube consists of the patient's name, date of birth or identification number (Danish social security number or hospital number in Britain), and the date when the sample was drawn.There are hospitals in Australia where no sample will be accepted for pretransfusion testing if the label has not been checked and countersigned by the patient.If the patient is unable to sign, then the reason has to be stated in writing by the person drawing the sample.
Alcohol and Cholesterol
Authors: BARRY KISLOFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 November 1974Alcohol and CholesterolBARRY KISLOFF, M.D.BARRY KISLOFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-5-712_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the review, "The Pathogenesis of Hypercholesterolemia" (Ann Intern Med 80:738-746, 1974), the author states that alcohol has little effect on the blood cholesterol level.It has been repeatedly shown in humans (1-3), dogs (1), and rats (4, 5) that when ethanol is given in quantities sufficient to make up at least 24% of the total caloric intake or when given in substantial quantity (approximately 90 g or 9 oz per day) there will be a significant increase in both hepatic content and serum concentration of cholesterol.The references quoted by the author (1, 6) in support...References1. GRANDEHAYHEUPEL FLH: Effect of ethanol on serum cholesterol concentration in dog and man. Circ Res 8:810-819, 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. GINSBERGOLEFSKYFARQUHAR HJJ: Moderate ethanol ingestion and plasma triglyceride levels. A study in normal and hypertriglyceridemic persons. Ann Intern Med 80:143-149, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar3. LIEBERDECARLI CL: Effect of ethanol on cholesterol metabolism. Clin Res 12:274, 1964 Google Scholar4. BARAONALIEBER EC: Effects of chronic ethanol feeding on serum lipoprotein metabolism in the rat. J Clin Invest 49:769-778, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. LEFEVREDECARLILIEBER ALC: Effect of ethanol on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. J Lipid Res 13:48-55, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. HIRSTHADLEYGORE AGI: The effect of chronic alcoholism and cirrhosis of the liver on atherosclerosis. Am J Med Sci 249:143-149, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. DAYTONCHAPMANPEARCE SJM: Cholesterol, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and stroke. Ann Intern Med 72:97-110, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar8. LEVYMORGANROTHRIFKIND RJB: Treatment of hyperlipemia. N Engl J Med 290:1295-1300, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: BARRY KISLOFF, M.D.Affiliations: Division of Gastroenterology Medical College of Virginia Box 908 Richmond, Virginia 23298 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1974Volume 81, Issue 5Page: 712-712KeywordsAlcoholsAttentionBloodCholesterolEthanolPathogenesis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast
Authors: N. L. P. Barnes, J. L. Ooi, J. R. Yarnold, N. J. Bundred
Journal: BMJ (2012)

#### Summary points

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a preinvasive (also termed non-invasive) breast cancer, where proliferations of malignant ductal epithelial cells remain confined within intact breast ducts (fig 1⇓). DCIS is a precursor lesion that has the potential to transform into an invasive cancer over a timescale that may be a few years or decades long. The development of its ability to invade and metastasise is as yet unquantifiable and is attributed to the accumulation of somatic mutations in premalignant cells. Treatment aims to prevent DCIS from progressing to invasive breast cancer.



Fig 1 Difference between normal, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive disease



DCIS was rarely diagnosed before the introduction of national screening programmes but is now common, accounting for 20% of screen detected cancers in the United Kingdom.1 Treatment usually comprises surgery (mastectomy or wide local excision), with or without adjuvant radiotherapy. However, it is possible that a subset of these lesions would never progress to invasive breast cancer over the lifetime of the patient if left untreated, and in this (as yet undefined) population traditional management may represent overtreatment. Deciding on appropriate personalised treatment for individual patients diagnosed with DCIS is an ongoing challenge, because the optimum management remains …