tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Nutritional Correlates of Blood Pressure
Authors: David A. McCARRON, John Stanton, Holly Henry, Cynthia Morris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Nutritional factors are thought to contribute to the development of hypertension in susceptible humans. This review categorizes the types of nutrition-related data currently available on the relation between diet and blood pressure and provides guidelines for interpreting and using these data. The nutrition data base and the net effect of specific nutrients on blood pressure are discussed, and examples from the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey are given to compare demographic characteristics of various nutrients with demographic characteristics of hypertension in our society. Criteria for evaluating the strength and relevance of a specific nutrient's influence on blood pressure are presented. A comprehensive, continued assessment of all studies of diet and blood pressure control should assure better understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of human hypertension.
A patient who changed my practice: A gnashing of teeth
Authors: Jonathan Stacey
Journal: BMJ (2005)

During my six months as a senior house officer in accident and emergency, I was called to see an elderly woman in the resuscitation room. I think her triage card was marked “Collapse, query cause.” She did not require immediate resuscitation. I took a history and examined her, including a rather slapdash cranial nerve examination. Testing the integrity of her seventh nerve, I asked her to “Show me your teeth.” She obliged by spitting her dentures into her hand and nervously offering them to me for inspection. After a brief look, I told her they looked satisfactory, and she replaced them.

Now when attempting to examine the cranial nerves, I ask the patient to “Clench your teeth at me” and mime the clenched jaw action. While I am sure I look silly doing this, I have been spared a palm full of teeth since.
Response Patterns in Chronic Idiopathic/Spontaneous Urticaria (CIU/CSU) Patients Treated with Omalizumab for 24 Weeks in Two Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials (ASTERIA I and GLACIAL)
Authors: Allen P. Kaplan, Evgeniya Antonova, Benjamin Trzaskoma, Karina Raimundo, Karin Rosén, Theodore A. Omachi, Sam Khalil, James Zazzali
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Tinkering with the tinkerer: pollution versus evolution.
Authors: G A Fox
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Pollutants can act as powerful selective forces by altering genetic variability, its intergenerational transfer, and the size, functional viability, adaptability, and survival of future generations. It is at the level of the cell and the individual that meiosis occurs, that genetic diversity is maintained, and behavior, reproduction, growth, and survival occur and are regulated. It is at this level that evolutionary processes occur and most pollutants exert their toxic effects. Chronic exposure to chemicals contributes to the cumulative stress on individuals and disrupts physiological processes and chemically mediated communication thereby threatening the diversity and long-term survival of sexually reproducing biota. Regional or global effects of pollution on the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere have indirectly altered Earth's life-support systems, thereby modifying trace metal balance, reproduction, and incidence of UV-B-induced DNA damage in biota. By altering the competitive ability and survival of species, chemical pollutants potentially threaten evolutionary processes and the biodiversity and function of intercepting ecosystems.
Endoscopic transpapillary bile duct biopsy with the combination of intraductal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of biliary strictures
Authors: K Tamada
Journal: Gut (2002)

Background: When endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) guided bile duct biopsy fails to demonstrate malignancy, it remains unclear how to manage patients with presumably malignant strictures. Aims: To evaluate the value of intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) when bile duct biopsy is negative. Methods: Sixty two patients with strictures of the bile duct were studied prospectively. During ERCP, IDUS was performed using an ultrasonic probe (diameter 2.0 mm; frequency 20 MHz). Following IDUS, a bile duct biopsy was performed using forceps (diameter 1.8 mm). The IDUS images of the tumour were classified as polypoid lesions, localised wall thickening, intraductal sessile tumours, sessile tumour outside of the bile duct, or absence of apparent lesion. The bile duct wall structures at the site of the tumour as well as the maximum diameter of the tumour were also analysed. The IDUS findings were compared with the histological findings or clinical course. Results: When the IDUS images showed a polypoid lesion (n=19), localised wall thickening (n=8), intraductal sessile tumour (n=13), and sessile tumour outside of the bile duct (n = 20), the sensitivities of the biopsy were 80%, 50%, 92%, and 53%, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that the presence of sessile tumour (intraductal or outside of the bile duct: p&lt;0.05), tumour size greater than 10.0 mm (p&lt;0.001), and interrupted wall structure (p&lt;0.05) were independent variables that predicted malignancy. Conclusion: When biopsy fails to demonstrate evidence of malignancy, the presence of sessile tumour (intraductal or outside of the bile duct), tumour size greater than 10.0 mm, and interrupted wall structure on IDUS images are factors that can predict malignancy.
Warfarin and Cancer
Authors: LEO R. ZACHARSKI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1982Warfarin and CancerLEO R. ZACHARSKI, M.D.LEO R. ZACHARSKI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-5-784_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The information in the recent letter by Krauss (1) is misleading on three counts and calls for a response. Krauss suggests that prolonged warfarin anticoagulation may predispose to cancer. In fact, there was no increase in the incidence of malignancy seen in two cohorts of patients that had received long-term anticoagulant treatment and had been followed for several thousand patient-years (2, 3).Second, Krauss' use of the term "teratogen" referring to the effects of warfarin on the fetus is correct in that the drug causes developmental abnormalities in the fetus referred to as warfarin embryopathy. I am...References1. KRAUSS J. Warfarin, pulmonary embolism and cancer [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:282. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MICHAELS L. The incidence and course of cancer in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy: retrospective and prospective studies. J Med. 1974;5:98-106. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. ANNEGERSZACHARSKI JL. Cancer morbidity and mortality in previously anticoagulated patients. Thromb Res. 1980;18:399-403. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. RICKLESEDWARDS FR. Delayed hypersensitivity in man: effects of systemic anticoagulation. Science. 1978;200:541-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. DVORAKORENSTEINDVORAK HNA. Tumor-secreted mediators and the tumor microenvironment: relationship to immunological surveillance. Lymphokinse. 1981;2:203-33. Google Scholar6. ZACHARSKIHENDERSONRICKLES LWF. Effect of warfarin on survival in small cell carcinoma of the lung: Veterans Administration Study No. 75. JAMA. 1981;245:831-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Administration Hospital White River Junction, VT 05001 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLong-Term Vitamin K Antagonists and Cancer RiskOral anticoagulation in people with cancer who have no therapeutic or prophylactic indication for anticoagulationOral anticoagulation in patients with cancer who have no therapeutic or prophylactic indication for anticoagulationOral anticoagulation in patients with cancer who have no therapeutic or prophylactic indication for anticoagulationOral anticoagulation in patients with cancer who have no therapeutic or prophylactic indication for anticoagulationRodenticidesOral anticoagulation for prolonging survival in patients with cancerRodenticidesSynthetic Organic Rodenticides 1 November 1982Volume 97, Issue 5Page: 784-784KeywordsAnticoagulantsDrugsFetuses Issue Published: 1 November 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Physician-Operated Networks and the New Antitrust Guidelines
Authors: R Kuttner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Last August, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Department of Justice liberalized their joint antitrust guidelines on health care.1 The agencies agreed to review proposals for physician-operated networks case by case on the basis of their actual likely effects on competition rather than rigid formulas. Doctors' groups hope this relaxation of the guidelines will allow networks run by physicians to compete more effectively with corporate health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and insurance companies. Such networks could contract directly with employers or health plans, bypassing the clinical intrusions and financial costs imposed by commercial middlemen.The new policy reflects a recent . . .
Medical schools must equip students with the flexibility needed for the health system's future
Authors: I. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Medical Schools Council (MSC) values medical schools’ autonomy over student selection, curriculums, and staffing.1 It is a complex combination of these and other issues, including role models and perceptions of how rewarding a career might be, that contributes to medical students’ career choices.

Doctors find specialties attractive or unattractive for many reasons.2 This is why recruitment strategies to medical school must recognise students’ diverse interests …
Reactive Arthritis Induced by Parasitic Infestation
Authors: TOMÁS S. BOCANEGRA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Arthritis developed in two patients during the course of parasite infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis and Taenia saginata, respectively. The joint involvement was polyarticular and symmetrical but seronegative and nonerosive radiologically. We found evidence of abnormal humoral immunity to the parasites, immune complexes in serum and synovial fluid, and immunoglobulin deposits in the synovia. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents proved ineffective but specific antiparasitic treatment resulted in resolution of the symptoms and immunologic abnormalities. Our findings provide further documentation of the interaction between the body's immune system and parasites and suggest that arthritis induced by parasitic infestation may be mediated by immune complex formation in susceptible hosts.
Interphase cytogenetics for the detection of the t(11;22)(q24;q12) in small round cell tumors.
Authors: M Giovannini, L Selleri, J A Biegel, K Scotlandi, B S Emanuel, G A Evans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Among the small round cell tumors differential diagnosis is particularly difficult for their undifferentiated or primitive character. In this mixed group of tumors, only the primitive neuroectodermal tumors, which include Ewing's sarcoma (ES), show the unique and consistent feature of the (11;22)(q24;q12) translocation, which can therefore be considered a hallmark of these neoplasias. We analyzed four primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell lines, one osteosarcoma cell line, and 11 patients by fluorescent in situ hybridization with cosmid clones 23.2 and 5.8, bracketing the t(11;22) at 11q24. Metaphase spreads from tumor cell lines, and from biopsy specimens of three patients with ES were analyzed. In the remaining eight patients comprising five ES, two small cell osteosarcomas and one chronic osteomyelitis, only nuclei preparations were available for analysis. We detected the t(11;22) in interphase nuclei of the four primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell lines, of three patients in which the karyotype demonstrated the translocation and in five cases of ES in which cytogenetic analysis had not been possible. Two cases of small cell osteosarcoma and one chronic osteomyelitis were also analyzed and were both normal with respect to the t(11;22). By analyzing cell lines and small round cell tumor samples by fluorescent in situ hybridization, we established that interphase cytogenetics is a rapid alternative to chromosomal analysis for the detection of the t(11;22) and represents an invaluable tool for the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors.
Low-Density Lipoproteins Inhibit the Na <sup>+</sup> /H <sup>+</sup> Antiport in Human Platelets
Authors: Jerzy-Roch Nofer, Martin Tepel, Beate Kehrel, Sonja Wierwille, Michael Walter, Udo Seedorf, Walter Zidek, Gerd Assmann
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background LDL have been reported to augment platelet activation, and increased platelet reactivity has been observed in familial hypercholesterolemia. However, the underlying mechanism of this putatively atherogenic effect is unknown. Because intracellular pH (pH i ) may play an important role in platelet function, we examined the influence of LDL on pH i and Na + /H + antiport activity in human platelets and compared it with the effect of [3-methylsulfonyl-4-piperidinobenzoyl] guanidine hydrochloride (HOE 694), a selective Na + /H + antiport inhibitor. Methods and Results Using a fluorescent dye technique, we demonstrated that incubation of platelets with physiological concentrations of LDL or with HOE 694 decreased pH i . In addition, both LDL and HOE 694 inhibited the Na + /H + antiport in platelets treated with sodium propionate or thrombin. The inhibitory effect of LDL was observed both in normal and in glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa- as well as in GPIIIb (CD36)-deficient platelets and was not influenced by the covalent modification of apolipoprotein B lysine residues, suggesting that specific LDL binding sites were not involved. Thrombin-induced phosphoinositide breakdown, diacylglycerol formation, and Ca 2+ mobilization, as well as platelet aggregation and granule secretion, were potentiated by both LDL and HOE 694. pH i and Na + /H + antiport activity were significantly reduced in platelets from patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Both parameters were normalized after normalization of LDL levels by apheresis treatment. Conclusions LDL inhibits the Na + /H + antiport most likely via receptor-independent mechanisms, thereby augmenting platelet reactivity. This novel mechanism explains increased platelet reactivity in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and may contribute to the atherogenic potential of LDL.
In Loving Memory: Thomas J. Handrigan
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1997)

LONG BEFORE color illustrations became the "in thing" for many publications,<i>JAMA</i>was among the few to use them regularly, and broke new ground in 1964 when color reproductions and fine art began to appear on<i>JAMA</i>covers weekly. The quality of all these reproductions—but especially the fine art covers—even in the earliest days remains a tribute to Thomas J. Handrigan, whose recent sudden death came on June 16, 1997, just 4 days short of his 64th birthday. Tom joined<i>JAMA</i>'s staff in 1963 as an artist and undertook increasing responsibilities with the years. He had been the American Medical Association's (AMA) publishing operations color manager (among a variety of other production duties) for 8 years at the time of his retirement in 1994. While his extraordinary eye for and insistence upon true reproduction of color was an immeasurable asset to<i>JAMA</i>, the Archives journals,<i>American Medical News</i>
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression and outcome in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Olga Sala-Torra, Holly M. Gundacker, Derek L. Stirewalt, Paula A. Ladne, Era L. Pogosova-Agadjanyan, Marilyn L. Slovak, Cheryl L. Willman, Shelly Heimfeld, David H. Boldt, Jerald P. Radich
Journal: Blood (2006)
Serine protease inhibitors nafamostat mesilate and gabexate mesilate attenuate allergen-induced airway inflammation and eosinophilia in a murine model of asthma
Authors: Chih-Lung Chen, Shulhn-Der Wang, Zhao-Ying Zeng, Kuo-Juei Lin, Shung-Te Kao, Thoru Tani, Chun-Keung Yu, Jiu-Yao Wang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura With Colitis in an Elderly Woman
Authors: Alan Eli Lichtin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by (1) thrombocytopenia, (2) microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, (3) fever, (4) neurological dysfunction, and (5) renal insufficiency. Since 1977, plasma exchange has been increasingly employed, with an improvement in the survival rate to greater than 80%.<sup>1</sup>We recently observed a woman with TTP who was unusual both because of her advanced age and because she developed colitis during the course of her disease. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 78-year-old woman was in her usual state of excellent health until ten days prior to admission, when she experienced cough, rhinitis, and myalgia. Two days prior to admission, she noted easy bruisability, and the next day she appeared confused. While being brought to the hospital by her family, she had a grand mal seizure. On initial evaluation, her temperature was 37.4 °C (99.3 °F); she had petechiae and fundal hemorrhages.
METABOLIC STUDIES WITH A NEW SERIES OF 1,4-DIENE STEROIDS. I. EFFECTS IN ADDISONIAN SUBJECTS OF PREDNISONE, PREDNISOLONE, AND THE 1,2-DEHYDRO ANALOGUES OF CORTICOSTERONE, DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE, 17-HYDROXY-11-DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE, AND 9α-FLUOROCORTISOL*
Authors: Maurice M. Pechet, Blair Bowers, Frederic C. Bartter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

Prednisone and prednisolone,1 the first steroids in this series (2), were shown to possess anti- inflammatory activities much greater than those of the parent steroids, cortisone and cortisol (3).The present study was undertaken to delineate further the change in physiologic function result- ing from the introduction of the extra double bond.A number of later reports of the metabolic effects of three of these steroids are now available (4-6). METHODSBalance studies were carried out on three female pa- tients with Addison's disease.In all patients the diag- nosis had been established clinically, and confirmed by the findings of control 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorti- coid excretion of less than 1 mg.per day, not rising with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).Each had been maintained in good clinical condition with oral cortisone and daily intramuscular desoxycorticosterone injections until eight to 10 days before the first steroid was given in these studies.No further supportive treatment was given.The diet and fliud intake were kept constant throughout each study.A liquid diet was used throughout the study on L. M. B. and in one study on A. M. B. Stools were * Part of this material has been presented previously (1).The names "metacortandracin" and "metacortandra- lone" have since been replaced by "prednisone" and "prednisolone.
Formation of F <sub>2</sub> -Isoprostanes During Oxidation of Human Low-Density Lipoprotein and Plasma by Peroxynitrite
Authors: Kevin P. Moore, Victor Darley-Usmar, Jason Morrow, L. J. Roberts
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract F 2 -Isoprostanes are novel bioactive prostaglandin F 2 –like compounds produced by nonenzymatic free radical–catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid. F 2 -Isoprostanes are initially formed in situ on phospholipids and subsequently released. Quantification of the F 2 -isoprostanes has been found to represent a valuable and reliable marker of lipid peroxidation. Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a key process for the recognition of LDL by the scavenger receptors on macrophages. The oxidative mechanism responsible for the modification of LDL in vivo remains unclear, but an attractive candidate is the powerful oxidant peroxynitrite, which can be formed by reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide in the vessel wall. To further explore the potential role of peroxynitrite in the oxidative modification of plasma lipids, we investigated whether incubation of LDL and plasma with peroxynitrite or SIN-1, which decomposes to form nitric oxide and superoxide, catalyzes the formation of F 2 -isoprostanes. Incubation of LDL with peroxynitrite (0.125 to 1 mmol/L) or SIN-1 (0.5 and 1 mmol/L) induced a concentration-dependent increase in the formation of F 2 -isoprostanes, reaching a maximum of 5.5±2.05-fold (SEM) and 18.2±4.0-fold above control values, respectively. The increase of F 2 -isoprostanes induced by SIN-1 was essentially completely inhibited by superoxide dismutase. Incubation of plasma with peroxynitrite or SIN-1 yielded similar results. These results indicate that peroxynitrite can induce the formation of F 2 -isoprostanes in lipoproteins. Since F 2 -isoprostanes can exert potent biological activity such as vasoconstriction, they may contribute to the vascular pathobiology associated with atherosclerosis.
ACTH-like Excretion from Carcinoma of the Ovary
Authors: John Nichols
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A case of Sertoli-cell carcinoma of the ovary associated with Cushing's syndrome was studied. The patient failed to respond to dexamethasone suppression and gave an exaggerated response to a corticotropin drip. The primary tumor removed at operation and the metastases found at autopsy contained a corticotropin-like material. Both adrenals at surgery were considered "normal" to palpation and 4 months later at autopsy were massively, bilaterally enlarged while the pituitary basophils showed Crooke-Russell hyalinization. After operation m,p'-DDD was administered with decreased plasma levels and urinary excretion of corticosteroids. The patient became refractory to a corticotropin drip and after withdrawals of the m,p'-DDD the corticosteroids increased. It appears that in this case the ovarian tumor was secreting a corticotropin-like material, the action of which was partially inhibited by m,p'-DDD.
Ice Water as Primary Treatment of Burns
Authors: Alex. G. Shulman
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Patients with burns of all degrees involving less than 20 % of the body surface were treated by immersion of the burned areas in baths of ice water or by applying ice-cold compresses as promptly as possible. In each of 150 cases, pain was immediately relieved and the extent of the redness and blistering visibly reduced. Local cooling was continued for several hours, until pain no longer returned when the part was taken out of the bath. No infections occurred in patients treated within one hour after the burn. This form of treatment has advantages in emergency care for lesser burns, since it is easily available, inexpensive, humane, and promptly effective.
High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy with Conformal Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Serdar Deger, Dirk Boehmer, Jan Roigas, Tania Schink, Klaus Dieter Wernecke, Thomas Wiegel, Wolfgang Hinkelbein, Volker Budach, Stefan A. Loening
Journal: European Urology (2004)