tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Making decisions about screening for ovarian cancer
Authors: A. Barratt
Journal: BMJ (2000)

# Who chooses when an operation is worth having? {#article-title-2} EDITOR—In view of the many excellent publications recently in the BMJ on the need to involve consumers in decisions about treatment and screening,1 I am concerned that Urban's editorial on ovarian cancer includes the statement: “Five operations for each cancer found is an acceptable surgery to malignancy ratio.”2 To whom is five operations to find one cancer an acceptable ratio? Women? Health authorities? Surgeons? Radiologists? Surely it is time to abandon this paternalistic and rigid approach of prescribing what is or is not an acceptable trade-off of benefits and risks and then implementing that for everyone. Consumers should be given the opportunity to decide whether, for them, the benefit is worth the risk. For those of us in the health business, our role should be to support consumers in their decision making rather than to make judgments for everyone. 1. 1.↵1. Austoker J . Gaining informed consent for screening. BMJ 1999; 319: 722–723. (18 September.) [OpenUrl][1][FREE Full Text][2] 2. 2.↵1. Urban N . Screening for ovarian cancer. BMJ 1999; 319: 1317–1318. (20 November.) [OpenUrl][3][FREE Full Text][4] # Mass screening may not prove to be sound public health policy {#article-title-5} EDITOR—Urban persuasively makes the scientific case for a definitive trial of ovarian screening, but it is important to consider the wider public health context.1 A public health policy of mass screening for ovarian cancer may not prove feasible for … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DAustoker%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%26rft.volume%253D319%26rft.issue%253D7212%26rft.spage%253D722%26rft.epage%253D723%26rft.atitle%253DGaining%2Binformed%2Bconsent%2Bfor%2Bscreening%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10487983%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=FULL&journalCode=bmj&resid=319/7212/722&atom=%2Fbmj%2F320%2F7239%2F940.atom [3]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DUrban%26rft.auinit1%253DN.%26rft.volume%253D319%26rft.issue%253D7221%26rft.spage%253D1317%26rft.epage%253D1318%26rft.atitle%253DScreening%2Bfor%2Bovarian%2Bcancer%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10567117%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [4]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=FULL&journalCode=bmj&resid=319/7221/1317&atom=%2Fbmj%2F320%2F7239%2F940.atom
Interaction of Choriocarcinoma Cells and Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Charles S. August, Sheila T. Cox, Michael A. Naughton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Cultured choriocarcinoma (Be Wo) cells exist that share many of the morphologic and bio-synthetic properties of normal human trophoblasts. In an attempt to develop a model for the immunologic relationship between a sensitized mother and fetus, we mixed Be Wo cells with mitogen-activated cytotoxic lymphocytes in vitro. Be Wo cells were resistant to the cytolytic effects of the activated lymphocytes despite 24-h exposure and intimate cell-to-cell contact as determined by microscopy. Control target cells, a line of human hepatoma cells, were readily destroyed. Cytotoxicity was measured by determining residual radioactivity of [3H]thymidine-labeled target cells after exposure to activated lymphocytes. Employing the quantitative assay, we confirmed the morphologic results and showed that Be Wo and a number of other choriocarcinoma cell lines were resistant to the cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes activated by phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Moreover, Be Wo cells were resistant to injury over a wide range of killer to target cell ratios. Significant killing of the Be Wo cells occurred only after prolonged exposure (48 and 72 h) to the activated lymphocytes.
The relationship between placenta histological features and asthma severity and prescribed therapy
Authors: Olga Lavrova, Maria Petrova, Maria Vakharlovskaya, Elena Shapovalova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Asthma (A) is a most frequent pulmonary disease in pregnants (12%). Nevertheless the data on influence of its severity and treatment to the placenta structure are insufficient.

The goal: to compare placenta histological features in pregnants with different asthma severity and treatment with the same of healthy females.

Materials and methods: Histological study was carried out in 118 females with A and 100 healthy females. 75 of A females were administered ICS, but 24 of them rejected ICS intake.

Results: Histological study appeared the decrease of amount of patients with coexistence of placenta structure and terms of gestation in A pregnants with mild and moderate persistent A in comparison with healthy females, but without statistical significance.

View this table:

Table 1





Placenta development coexisted terms of gestation in 72% of pregnants, administered ICS and in only 45,8% of A pregnants, rejected ICS intake (p<0,01). Significant differences of chronic placental insufficiency were seen between pregnants with the mild intermittent A and mild persistent BA, as well as with moderate A (35,38%, 51,22% and 71, 43% resp. (p<0,05)). Within pregnants, administered ICS 70% appeared compensated, 25,93% - sub compensated and 7,07% decompensated placental insufficiency. Within patients, rejected ICS values were 47,14%, 45,71% and 7,15% respectively.

Conclusions: Treatment with ICS while pregnancy has greater influence to placenta condition in comparison with A severity.
CLINICAL AND ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC STUDIES
Authors: HANS STRAUSS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1944)

1. One hundred cases with organic brain disease and delta activity in the electroencephalogram were studied for correlations of the psychiatric status with the electroencephalogram and anatomical localization. 2. This investigation showed that disturbances such as memory defect, mental retardation, dullness, inability to concentrate, overactivity and slight euphoria can occur without any delta activity in the electroencephalogram. They may be present also with a small amount of delta activity. Higher amounts of delta activity are associated with the syndromes of clouded consciousness and facetiousness. The delta activity was more equally distributed over the brain in cases with sleepiness and clouding of consciousness than in cases with facetiousness. The latter showed a relatively high amount of delta activity over both frontal lobes and a smaller amount over other regions (for exact numbers see summary on page 44). 3. Facetiousness is associated with dysfunction, not afunction, of both frontal lobes with a smaller degree of dysfunction of other parts of the hemispheres. The electroencephalographic results in this respect are in good agreement with the fact that facetiousness was most frequently found in lesions restricted to the frontal lobes and not invading other parts of the hemispheres. For further correlations between anatomical findings and psychiatric symptoms see page 45. 4. The degree of correlation between the electroencephalogram and the psychiatric symptoms was higher than the degree of correlation between the anatomy of the lesion and the psychiatric symptoms. Electroencephalography promises to be of further assistance in the correlation between disturbances of cerebral mechanisms and behavior, particularly in the differentiation between such psychic disturbances as are associated with a pure loss of cerebral tissue and such psychic disturbances as are associated with dysfunction of the remaining cerebral tissue.
High-dose intensity systemic therapy of metastatic bladder cancer.
Authors: W J Hrushesky, R V Roemeling, P A Wood, T R Langevin, P Lange, E Farley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Forty-three consecutively diagnosed patients with widely metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCCB) were treated with a high-dose intensity, chronobiologically timed combination of doxorubicin and cisplatin, followed by Cytoxan (Mead Johnson Pharmaceuticals, Evansville, IN), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and cisplatin maintenance for up to 2 years. Fifty-seven percent of the 35 evaluable patients with widespread metastatic cancer responded objectively. Twenty-three percent had complete disappearance of all cancer. Median survival from first treatment for complete responders (CRs) was more than 2 years, and 1 year for partial responders (PRs). Three of the CRs were alive without evidence of cancer more than 2 years after stopping all therapy. High-dose intensity combination chemotherapy can induce durable CRs of widespread bladder cancer.
Glyburide vs Insulin and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes—Reply
Authors: Wendy Camelo Castillo, Michele Jonsson Funk
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Pulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: KARIN R. MINTER, MARK T. GLADWIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

One of every 650 African Americans (0.15%) is born with sickle cell disease and about 8% are heterozygous for the sickle cell gene. According to the United States Census Bureau there were 35,509,000 African Americans counted in the year 2000, which would indicate that there are approximately 50,000 patients with sickle cell anemia in this country. Thirty five per cent of the African American population was between 30 and 54 yr of age in the year 2000. This demographic explains the increasing number of adult patients with sickle cell disease. However, the increased number of adults with sickle cell anemia is due only in part to population growth. Mortality rates for children with sickle cell anemia have declined because of penicillin prophylaxis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination, widespread implementation of newborn screening programs for early detection, and improvements in parental education (1–5). Despite significant improvements in the life expectancy of patients with sickle cell disease the median age at death is 42 yr for men and 48 yr for women (2). Pulmonary complications account for a large proportion of deaths among adults with sickle cell anemia (Table 1) (2, 6–8). According to the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD), a prospective multicenter study of 3,764 patients, more than 20% of adults likely had fatal pulmonary complications of sickle cell anemia (2). Acute and chronic pulmonary complications of sickle cell anemia are common but often underappreciated by healthcare providers. These conditions have clearly emerged as major threats to the well-being and longevity of patients with sickle cell disease.
Molecular and immunohistochemical detection of rotavirus in urinary sediment cells of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis
Authors: T. Yokoyama, N. Sugimoto, K. Taniguchi, S. Komoto, T. Yuno, K. Ohta, H. Hashimoto, A. Seno, A. Ashida, M. Fujieda, S. Nishio, K. Ueno, M. Shimizu, A. Yachie
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Abstract 3412: Viscous Dissipation Power Loss of the Total Cavopulmonary Connection Evaluated Using Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Kartik Sundareswaran, Mark A Fogel, Kerem Pekkan, Hiroumi D Kitajima, W J Parks, Shiva Sharma, Ajit P Yoganathan
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Introduction: Two variations of the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) used to correct single ventricle physiology are the intra-atrial (IA) and the extra-cardiac (EC) connections. There is no c...
Abstract 2372: Clinical And Metabolic Effects Of Six Months Testosterone Treatment In Elderly Female Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: G caminiti, R karam, M volterrani, G marazzi, M miceli, R massaro, G M rosano
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) show muscle mass wasting and decreased exercise capacity. Testosterone supplementation improves several clinical and metabolic parameters in male CHF subjects. No studies have evaluated the effects of long-term testosterone administration on female patients with CHF. Aim: To assess the effect of a 6 months testosterone administration on exercise capacity, muscle strength, and insulin resistance in female patients with advanced CHF. Methods: Thirty-two elderly female patients (pts) with stable CHF, mean age 68,6 ± 7, ejection fraction 32,9 ± 6, NYHA class III, were enrolled. Of these, 20 were randomized to receive testosterone therapy (T) (through transdermal patch) and 12 to receive placebo (P), both on top of maximal medical therapy. At baseline, at three and after 6 months patients underwent echocardiogram, cardiopulmonary test, 6-minute walking test (6MWT), quadriceps maximal isometric voluntary contraction(MVC) and peaktorque (PT) and HOMA index assesment. Results: VO2 and distance walked at 6MWT significantly improved in T group from baseline both at three (+20%; +36% respectively) and six months (+28%; 41% respectively) while were unchanged in the P group. At six months Patients of T group had a significantly higher increase of both MVC and PT than P group. HOMA-R was significantly reduced (− 15% vs +5%; p &lt; 0.05) and HDL-cholesterol levels were increased (+22% vs p &lt; 0.05).in T group respect to P. NYHA class improved (from III to II) in 7/20 pts of T group and 2/12 of P group. Increase in free testosterone levels were significantly related to improvement in VO2 peak (r 0,42; p 0.032). No significant echocardiographic changes were observed in both groups. No side effects were observed. Two patients of both group were hospitalizes for HF recurrence. Conclusion: Testosterone supplementation improves exercise tolerance, muscle strength, and insulin resistance in women with advanced CHF. Testosterone seem to be an effective and safe therapy for CHF elderly female subjects.
Usefulness of standard end points of capsaicin cough challenge in health and disease
Authors: Elisa Chellini, Federico Lavorini, Giacomo Campi, Margherita Innocenti, Giovanni Fontana
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Assessment of cough reflex sensitivity to capsaicin has become a common tool for both clinical and research purposes. The most widely used end points are the concentrations of capsaicin inducing at least two (C2) or five (C5)coughs. However, both C2 and C5 correlate poorly with spontaneous cough and it is questionable if these variables can discriminate between healthy subjects and patients. We systematically reviewed studies on capsaicin cough challenges published from 1985 to 2013 by means of a computerised search (PubMed and Google Scholar) using the keyword “capsaicin” in conjunction with “chronic cough”. Search was limited to studies on adult humans published in English. The search yielded 222 publications; 82 studies, performed in healthy non smoker and smoker subjects, as well as in patients with various respiratory diseases including chronic cough, provided usable data. We found that, although patients tended to have lower mean C2 and C5 values compared to healthy subjects, there is a considerable overlap in C2 and C5 values between normal and diseased subjects.  We conclude that the C2 and C5 values are highly variable and poorly discriminate between healthy subjects and patients. The usefulness of C2 and C5 appears to be limited to within-subject comparisons.
Laparoscopic pancreatectomy: Did the indications change? A review from literature
Authors: P. Sperlongano, E. Esposito, A. Esposito, G. Clarizia, G. Moccia, F.A. Malinconico, F. Foroni, C. Manfredi, S. Sperlongano, A. Gubitosi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
Congestion charging
Authors: M. Joffe
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—We welcome Roberts's editorial, making the health case for the London congestion charge,1 particularly as the revenue is required to be spent on transport. We agree that physically active transport such as walking and cycling is likely to increase. This must be monitored adequately, with attention given to changes in activity levels2 and broken down by sociodemographic groups, to assess the impacts on health and inequalities.

Other potential effects of congestion charging include improvement in access for emergency vehicles. However, not all are positive: the impact of the policy will depend on which complementary measures are introduced at the same time.

Firstly, we disagree that less car travel will result in fewer crashes; this impact is difficult to predict.3 It depends whether journey times are shorter because of less time queuing at junctions or because of higher speeds. If traffic reduction is greater than was predicted, travel speeds may become substantially faster. While shorter journey times could reduce exposure to the risk of collisions, higher speeds could increase the risk by a greater amount.4

Secondly, congestion charging alone could adversely affect equity: road space vacated by people who are deterred by the charge could be occupied by the wealthy, who are less price sensitive.4

Both effects can be effectively combated by simultaneously introducing measures to reallocate road space and giving priority to buses, preferential access to disabled drivers, and effective protection to cyclists and pedestrians.4 This is largely true of the London congestion charge, but it is important to consider when other towns and cities follow suit.

Even London has been timid about pedestrianising road space—Soho and Covent Garden seem ideal candidates. Experience shows that whereas such schemes tend to be initially opposed by local businesses, once the schemes are implemented they benefit economically.
Predictive risk factors of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with abatacept in common practice: results from the Orencia and Rheumatoid Arthritis (ORA) registry
Authors: J H Salmon, J E Gottenberg, P Ravaud, A Cantagrel, B Combe, R M Flipo, T Schaeverbeke, E Houvenagel, P Gaudin, D Loeuille, S Rist, M Dougados, J Sibilia, X Le Loët, O Meyer, E Solau-Gervais, C Marcelli, T Bardin, I Pane, G Baron, E Perrodeau, X Mariette
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Objectives Little data are available regarding the rate and predicting factors of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with abatacept (ABA) in daily practice. We therefore addressed this issue using real-life data from the Orencia and Rheumatoid Arthritis (ORA) registry. Methods ORA is an independent 5-year prospective registry promoted by the French Society of Rheumatology that includes patients with RA treated with ABA. At baseline, 3 months, 6 months and every 6 months or at disease relapse, during 5 years, standardised information is prospectively collected by trained clinical nurses. A serious infection was defined as an infection occurring during treatment with ABA or during the 3 months following withdrawal of ABA without any initiation of a new biologic and requiring hospitalisation and/or intravenous antibiotics and/or resulting in death. Results Baseline characteristics and comorbidities: among the 976 patients included with a follow-up of at least 3 months (total follow-up of 1903 patient-years), 78 serious infections occurred in 69 patients (4.1/100 patient-years). Predicting factors of serious infections: on univariate analysis, an older age, history of previous serious or recurrent infections, diabetes and a lower number of previous anti-tumour necrosis factor were associated with a higher risk of serious infections. On multivariate analysis, only age (HR per 10-year increase 1.44, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.76, p=0.001) and history of previous serious or recurrent infections (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.20, p=0.009) were significantly associated with a higher risk of serious infections. Conclusions In common practice, patients treated with ABA had more comorbidities than in clinical trials and serious infections were slightly more frequently observed. In the ORA registry, predictive risk factors of serious infections include age and history of serious infections.
Iodine 125 suture implants in the management of advanced tumors in the neck attached to the carotid artery.
Authors: S B Paryani, D R Goffinet, W E Fee, R L Goode, P Levine, M L Hopp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Between 1975 and 1982, 38 patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer attached to the carotid artery underwent surgical excision followed by iodine 125 vicryl suture implant in the neck. Most patients had neck masses that were greater than 6 cm and stage IV disease without clinically evident distant metastases. Twelve patients had received no previous therapy while 26 underwent an implant for recurrent disease. The local control rate in the implant volume was 79%. The local and regional control rate in all head and neck sites was 53%. The mean survival was 11 months. The overall complication rate was 26%. There was no significant correlation of local control or complications with the minimum total dose, volume implanted, individual 125I seed strength, or total seed strength. In patients with large masses attached to the carotid artery, surgical resection followed by a 125I implant for residual disease is a viable alternative to resection of the carotid artery.
Killer cells in asthma with incomplete airflow reversibility
Authors: Carolyn Tubby, Tim Harrison, Ian Todd, Lucy Fairclough
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Asthma with complete airflow reversibility (ACR) represents the majority of asthma cases, however recent attention has focussed increasingly on a small subset of asthmatics that display incomplete airflow reversibility despite optimal treatment (AIR), also a feature of COPD. A growing amount of literature has linked the three main types of killer cells, namely CD8 T cells, Natural Killer (NK) and NKT cells, to both ACR and COPD due to their cytotoxic and immunoregulatory functions. We aimed to study the role of these cells in AIR. Absolute cell counting, cytotoxic mediator and receptor profiling, activation time course assays as well as functional cytotoxic experiments were performed to compare the number and function of killer cell subsets in the peripheral blood of AIR and ACR patients and healthy controls. Our data suggest both the number and cytotoxic function of these killer cells are reduced in the peripheral blood of AIR patients compared to ACR patients, as quantified by perforin/granzyme B expression and functional cytotoxic assays. This indicates killer cells may be recruited to the AIR lung and have a subsequent role in the disease pathogenesis, as has been shown in COPD.