tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Caused by Nonvaccine Serotypes Among Alaska Native Children With High Levels of 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Coverage
Authors: Rosalyn J. Singleton, Thomas W. Hennessy, Lisa R. Bulkow, Laura L. Hammitt, Tammy Zulz, Debby A. Hurlburt, Jay C. Butler, Karen Rudolph, Alan Parkinson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

ContextWith routine childhood vaccination using heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, one concern has been the potential for emergence and expansion of replacement disease caused by serotypes not contained in the heptavalent conjugate vaccine.ObjectiveTo determine whether replacement disease is associated with the overall decline in invasive pneumococcal disease among Alaska Native children.Design, Setting, and PatientsAlaska statewide longitudinal population-based laboratory surveillance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2006.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence and types of pneumococcal disease in children younger than 2 years.ResultsIn the first 3 years after introduction of routine vaccination with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, overall invasive pneumococcal disease decreased 67% in Alaska Native children younger than 2 years (from 403.2 per 100 000 in 1995-2000 to 134.3 per 100 000 per year in 2001-2003, P<.001). However, between 2001-2003 and 2004-2006, there was an 82% increase in invasive disease in Alaska Native children younger than 2 years to 244.6/100 000 (P = .02). Since 2004, the invasive pneumococcal disease rate caused by nonvaccine serotypes has increased 140% compared with the prevaccine period (from 95.1 per 100 000 in 1995-2000 to 228.6 in 2004-2006, P = .001). During the same period, there was a 96% decrease in heptavalent vaccine serotype disease. Serotype 19A accounted for 28.3% of invasive pneumococcal disease among Alaska children younger than 2 years during 2004-2006. There was no significant increase in nonvaccine disease in non–Native Alaska children younger than 2 years.ConclusionsAlaska Native children are experiencing replacement invasive pneumococcal disease with serotypes not covered by heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The demonstration of replacement invasive pneumococcal disease emphasizes the importance of ongoing surveillance and development of expanded valency vaccines.
Data Cleaning: Detecting, Diagnosing, and Editing Data Abnormalities
Authors: Jan Van den Broeck, Solveig Argeseanu Cunningham, Roger Eeckels, Kobus Herbst
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Changing the value of data shown to be incorrect.Data fl ow: Passage of recorded information through successive information carriers.Inlier: Data value falling within the expected range.Outlier: Data value falling outside the expected range.Robust estimation: Estimation of statistical parameters, using methods that are less sensitive to the effect of outliers than more conventional methods.
Effect of age on the in vitro reflection coefficient of the aortoiliac bifurcation in humans.
Authors: S E Greenwald, A C Carter, C L Berry
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The local reflection coefficient (r) at the aortoiliac junction was estimated in vessels removed at autopsy from 15 females and 31 males aged 2 months to 88 years by calculating the characteristic impedance (Zc) of the abdominal aorta and the two common iliac arteries. Zc was evaluated for each vessel by measuring cross-sectional area from radiographs and propagation velocity of an isolated pressure impulse generated by a solenoid-driven piston connected to the distal end of the abdominal aorta, and detected at several sites a known distance from the junction. Attenuation coefficients in the aorta were estimated from the peak amplitude of the impulse at these several sites. We observed significant decreases with age in abdominal aortic attenuation coefficient (gamma = 0.053-5 x 10(-4) age [yr], r = -0.42, p less than 0.005), and the area ratio (AR) of the junction (sum of the iliac cross-sectional areas/aortic cross-sectional area) (AR = 0.93-0.002 x age [yr], r = -0.31, p less than 0.05). Bifurcation angle (Angle) and aortic propagation velocity (caorta) increased significantly (angle = 40.2 + 0.26 x age [yr], r = 0.41, p less than 0.01; caorta (ms-1) = 7.59 + 0.175 x age [yr], r = 0.69, p less than 0.0001). No significant association between age and iliac propagation velocity was found. On the basis of area measurements alone, it has been argued that the observed decrease in area ratio with age causes r to become more positive. The lack of age-related changes in iliac propagation velocity (and hence stiffness), an observation confirmed by most of the few reports in the literature, and the large increase in abdominal aortic stiffness, however, greatly outweighed the area ratio changes and caused a significant decline in reflection coefficient from +0.3 in early life to -0.3 in old age. (Reflection coefficient = 0.30-0.0065 x age [yr], r = -0.68, p less than 0.0001). Between the ages of 30 and 60 years, its absolute value was less than 0.1, confirming in vivo work on subjects within this age range. In children, a significant positive reflection at the distal end of the aorta will amplify the pulse wave in this region. As this vessel becomes stiffer with increasing age, amplification will increase, whereas the increasingly negative value of r will partially offset this rise, reducing pulse pressure on either side of the junction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Problems of childhood. Disorders of micturition, abnormalities of urine, and urinary tract infection.
Authors: R Meadow
Journal: BMJ (1976)

When referring pregnant women to an antenatal clinic many general practitioners and midwives presented details of their care in an incomplete and inconsistent manner.As a result, hospital.staff often had insufficient basic data from which to work.We recommend that those providing care decide what information they need and make the rationale of collecting this information the subject of a well-evaluated local education programme.
THE OCCURRENCE OF BACILLUS INFLUENZÆ IN THROATS AND SALIVA
Authors: Ida W. Pritchett, Ernest G. Stillman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

1. Oleate hemoglobin agar is a good selective culture medium for Bacillus influenzæ. 2. Bacillus influenzæ has been cultivated from the mouth of 93 per cent of cases of influenza and bronchopneumonia. 3. Bacillus influenzæ was present at the time of this study in the mouths of 43 per cent of normal individuals. 4. The types of pneumococci found associated with the complicating bronchopneumonias of influenza are the types which are usually found in normal mouths.
Trophoblast Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Products Are Resistant to Rapid Degradation Imposed by the Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Gene Products US2 and US11
Authors: Danny J. Schust, Domenico Tortorella, Jörg Seebach, Cindy Phan, Hidde L. Ploegh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

US11 and US2 encode gene products expressed early in the replicative cycle of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), which cause dislocation of human and murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol, where the class I heavy chains are rapidly degraded. Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA)-C and HLA-G are uniquely resistant to the effects of both US11 and US2 in a human trophoblast cell line as well as in porcine endothelial cells stably transfected with human class I genes. Dislocation and degradation of MHC class I heavy chains do not appear to involve cell type–specific factors, as US11 and US2 are fully active in this xenogeneic model. Importantly, trophoblasts HLA-G and HLA-C possess unique characteristics that allow their escape from HCMV-associated MHC class I degradation. Trophoblast class I molecules could serve not only to block recognition by natural killer cells, but also to guide virus-specific HLA-C– and possibly HLA-G–restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocytes to their targets.
Homocysteine-Lowering B Vitamin Therapy in Cardiovascular Prevention—Wrong Again?
Authors: Eva Lonn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHICAL ASSESSMENT OF POST-REPERFUSION WALL THICKENING ACCURATELY QUANTIFIES THE AREA AT RISK: AN EXPERIMENTAL PORCINE STUDY VALIDATED WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND HISTOLOGY
Authors: Carlos G. Santos-Gallego, Torsten Vahl, Belén Picatoste, Kiyotake Ishikawa, Jaime Aguero, Georg Goliasch, Javier Sanz, Roger Hajjar, Valentin Fuster, Juan Badimon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
General practice and accident and emergency department care: does the patient know best?
Authors: J. S. Nguyen-Van-Tam, D. M. Baker
Journal: BMJ (1992)

inappropriate. In most accident and emergency departments the core of resuscitation teams is drawn from the staff working within the unit, and by the very nature of the emergency presentation there is often very little time to protect personal clothing and exposed skin. Not only are invasive procedures carried out in the resuscitation room but wound management elsewhere in the department results in appreciable risk of contamination. Nevertheless, it is impossible to anticipate all potential incidents, and staff are often unaware of contamination when it occurs. An NHS report on the choice of reusable fabrics for operating theatres places emphasis on certain performance specifications which should meet British Standards.5 Synthetic fabrics ofpolyester, for example, are now available which meet these criteria. Protective clothing produced from such fabric acts as an efficient bacterial barrier and is liquid repellent. We are currently exploring the feasibility of providing our medical and nursing staff with theatre-style uniforms made from this material. This study highlights the inappropriate practice of wearing personal clothing in the accident and emergency department and the inadequate protection provided by traditional uniforms. We recommend that accident and emergency staff should be protected by clothing of appropriate design and fabric.
Chitosan-modified porous silicon microparticles for enhanced permeability of insulin across intestinal cell monolayers
Authors: Neha Shrestha, Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi, Francisca Araújo, Hongbo Zhang, Ermei M Mäkilä, Jussi Kauppila, Bruno Sarmento, Jarno J Salonen, Jouni T Hirvonen, Hélder A Santos
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
FACTOR ANALYSIS OF PRE-MATCH AND POST-MATCH SUBJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERIENCES AND MENTAL STATES OF FOOTBALL REFEREES
Authors: Jiří Voborný, Tomáš Zeman, Marie Blahutková, Dagmar Václavíková
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background For football referees supervision of a match means significant mental burden. During the match they have to deal with many disputable moments. Their decisions can evoke negative emotions both in players and spectators. Referees often cannot cope with such a burden and leave the match depressed. 1 The main goal of this research was to reveal some of the factors which contribute to such situations. Methods Subjective psychological experiences and mental states of 26 football referees were evaluated. These referees supervise football competitions in one of the 14 regions of the Czech Republic. For evaluating their subjective psychological experiences and states the standardised questionnaire SUPSO 2 was used. The questionnaire was filled in twice: before the match and immediately after the match. Temperament of referees was evaluated using standardised Belov's temperament test. 3 To determine and describe potential causes of changes in mental states of football referees caused by a completed match factor analysis was used. Results Important factors which best reflect the dynamics of changes of subjective experiences and states of football referees were described. Most of the identified factors proved to be only consequences of the relationship among detected components of mental states assessed by the questionnaire SUPSO or were mainly related to the temperament of each referee. It was found, however, that one of these factors is strongly saturated by the referee's actual mental state before the match. This factor represents a significant agent altering referee's mental state during the given match. Conclusions Mental state of football referees just before a match determines partially the ability to manage psychological burden connected to the supervised match. Pre-match preparation should therefore focus more on a regulation of the referees' actual mental state (“pre-start mental state”). If the referees do not use regulation techniques leading to the elimination of negative mental states, it can result in stagnation or decline in their performance level.
Weight Loss and Longevity
Authors: David F. Williamson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 December 1995Weight Loss and LongevityDavid F. Williamson, PhD, MS, Elsie Pamuk, PhD, PhD, MSW, and Phillip J. Smith, PhDDavid F. Williamson, PhD, MSCenters for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30341Search for more papers by this author, Elsie Pamuk, PhD, PhD, MSWCenters for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30341Search for more papers by this author, and Phillip J. Smith, PhDCenters for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30341Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-11-199512010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:In the last sentence of the abstract of their paper, Lean and colleagues [1] state, “For the average patient each 1 kg weight loss was associated with 3-4 months prolonged survival.” We appreciate Lean and Garthwaite's clarification that the “average overweight patient” in their study survived about 8 years, and we acknowledge that this is a technically correct interpretation of their data.The crux of our disagreement with Lean and colleagues now centers on how best to interpret the “average effect” of weight loss on longevity given the statistical model they used for their analysis. In their statistical ...References1. Lean ME, Powrie JK, Anderson AS, Garthwaite PH. Obesity, weight loss and prognosis in type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 1990; 7:228-33. Google Scholar2. Efron B, Tibshirani RJ. An Introduction to the Bootstrap. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1993. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David F. Williamson, PhD, MS; Elsie Pamuk, PhD, PhD, MSW; Phillip J. Smith, PhDAffiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30341 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1995Volume 123, Issue 11Page: 892KeywordsOverweightStandard errorStatistical modelsSurvival analysisWeight loss ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Global Fund will eliminate vertical transmission of HIV by 2015 if funding continues at present level, report says
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria is on target to meet its major aim of reducing the incidence of the three diseases by 2015, according to projections in its latest results report.

However, the Geneva based organisation, which will this week start the formal process of trying to secure international funding for the next three years, warns that progress will depend on its current scale of health funding being at least maintained or, ideally, increased.

Presenting the fund’s latest assessment, its executive director, Michel Kazatchkine, said, “No other area of development has seen such a direct and rapid correlation between donor investments …
The Oldest New Hampshire Practitioner.
Authors: R. J. Ward
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Worcester, Mass., March 21, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, March 11, 1905, in the list of deaths it is stated that Alvah R. Cummings, M.D., aged 78, Dartmouth Medical College 1853, was the oldest practitioner of New Hampshire and the oldest member of the New Hampshire Medical Society. I wish to correct the last two statements, for, so far as my knowledge goes, that honor belongs to my friend and former colleague, William Waterhouse, M.D., of Barrington, N. H., now in his eighty-ninth year. He was born Aug. 28, 1816, graduated from the Medical Department of the University of New York in 1842, and joined the New Hampshire Medical Society in 1860, twentyone years before Dr. Cummings joined the same society. Dr. Waterhouse has been in constant practice up to within a year and is now enjoying good health. He is ten years the senior of the late
The achievement of an early complete cytogenetic response is a major determinant for outcome in patients with early chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Hagop Kantarjian, Susan O'Brien, Jenny Shan, Alfonso Quintas-Cardama, Stefan Faderl, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Farhad Ravandi, Mary Beth Rios, Jorge Cortes
Journal: Blood (2011)
Resumption of Warfarin Therapy After Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding: Benefit or Bias?—Reply
Authors: Daniel M. Witt, Thomas Delate, Mark A. Crowther
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Getting the dose right when prescribing exercise for connective tissue conditions: the Yin and the Yang of tissue homeostasis
Authors: David A Hart, Alexander Scott
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Inhibition of the potassium current <i>I</i><sub>Kr</sub> and QT prolongation are associated with drug-induced torsades de pointes arrhythmias (TdP) and sudden cardiac death. We investigated the cardiac electrophysiological effects of sertindole, an antipsychotic drug reported to prolong the QT interval in schizophrenic patients. In cell cultures, sertindole seemed to be a selective blocker of <i>I</i><sub>HERG</sub> over other ion currents. For <i>I</i><sub>HERG</sub>, the IC<sub>50</sub> value was 64 ± 7 nM, whereas <sub><i>I</i>SCN5A</sub>, <i>I</i><sub>Ca,L</sub>, <i>I</i><sub>Ca,T</sub>, <i>I</i><sub>KCNQ1/KCNE1</sub>, and <i>I</i><sub>Kv4.3</sub> were blocked in the micromolar range. In canine ventricular myocytes, the IC<sub>50</sub> value for <i>I</i><sub>Kr</sub> inhibition by sertindole was 107 ± 21 nM. Action potentials in these cells prolonged in a reverse rate- and concentration-dependent manner at 10 to 300 nM sertindole. In vivo, sertindole was administered to anesthetized dogs at clinically relevant (0.05-0.20 mg/kg) and high doses (1.0-2.0 mg/kg) i.v. At 0.05 to 0.20 mg/kg sertindole (plasma concentrations 30-157 nM), QT<sub>c</sub> was prolonged by 1 to 5% in normal dogs and by 9 to 20% in dogs with remodeled hearts due to chronic atrioventricular block (CAVB). TdP was not induced at these doses in normal dogs or in CAVB dogs with reproducible induction of TdP by dofetilide in previous experiments. At 1.0 to 2.0 mg/kg sertindole (plasma concentrations 0.5-3.1 μM), QT<sub>c</sub> prolonged by 6 to 11% in normal dogs and by 22% in dofetilide-sensitive CAVB dogs. TdP occurred in three of five animals in the latter group. Thus, at high i.v. doses sertindole can pose a serious proarrhythmic risk when electrical remodeling of the ventricles is present. At clinically relevant doses, however, sertindole does not cause TdP in anesthetized dogs with normal or remodeled hearts.
Clarithromycin and pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia
Authors: C. Terzano
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Pulmonary diseases induced by drugs include bronchial asthma, pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia, diffuse fibrosing alveolitis, vasculitis, and pleural diseases.1–4 Most such diseases recede when the drug is withdrawn, although on rare occasions the pulmonary damage is irreversible and progressive.4 5 We describe a patient with asthma referred to our respiratory diseases clinic who twice developed fever and pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia after taking antibiotics.

A 17 year old white man who has had bronchial asthma since childhood was referred to our clinic in January 2002. The patient also reported sinusitis and allergic rhinitis. Results of earlier prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests were positive for wall pellitory ( Parietaria judaica ) and grasses, and the tests resulted in a mild increase in peripheral blood eosinophil counts (0.6-0.7 × 109/l (6-7%)). His general practitioner had prescribed salbutamol as a rescue treatment. The patient did not report any allergy to drugs.

In December 2001 he had reported fever (38°C), accompanied by mucopurulent nasal secretion and pain in his forehead. X ray pictures of the paranasal sinuses showed maxillary sinusitis on the right side and hypertrophy of the turbinates. The general practitioner prescribed combined amoxicillin (875 mg) and clavulanic acid (125 mg) twice daily for seven days, followed by clarithromycin (500 mg) twice daily for a further seven days. Figure 1 shows the patient's course of treatment. At the end of this treatment period the patient reported dry cough and mild dyspnoea. Chest x ray pictures showed pulmonary consolidations localised at the right apex.



Fig 1 
Temporal relation between the patient's course of treatment and pulmonary infiltration …