tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Nitroso-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Methylurea-Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis: Effect of Prolactin on Expression of la Antigen by Tumor Cells
Authors: D J Bernard, J C Maurizis, J Chassagne, P Chollet, R Plagne
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Prolactin (PRL) increases of Ia antigen (Ia Ag) expression in female Sprague-Dawley rats with N-nitroso-N-methylurea [(NMU) CAS: 684-93-5]-induced mammary tumors were studied. The effectiveness of PRL was examined when cancers appeared about 2-3 months after the first NMU administration. Rats with NMU-induced mammary tumors were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 was treated with 30 micrograms ovine PRL (o-PRL) in daily sc injections for 5 days. Group 2 received 0.5 mg 2 alpha-bromoergocryptine (CB-154), a known inhibitor of pituitary gland secretion, daily in sc injections for 6 days. Group 3 was the control group. Ia Ags expressed by NMU-induced mammary tumor cells were then quantified successively by double labeling [protein membrane cells with iodine-131 and anti-Ia monoclonal antibody (MoAb) with iodine-125]; then isolation and quantification of the doubly labeled immune complex were performed by affinity chromatography and chromatofocusing successively. When the specific activity of glycoproteins is known, the amount of glycoproteins that bind specifically to the anti-Ia MoAb can be deduced. In NMU-induced rat mammary tumor controls, about 5% of the purified glycoproteins bound specifically to the MoAb, and the amount increased to 8% for NMU-induced rat mammary tumors treated with 30 micrograms o-PRL daily for 5 days and decreased to 2.5% in NMU-induced rat mammary tumors treated with 0.5 mg CB-154 daily for 6 days. Total PRL receptor levels were measured in all tumors tested. For control NMU-induced rat mammary tumors, total PRL receptor levels were 6.35 +/- 1.40 fmol/mg protein, 7.20 +/- 2.40 fmol/mg protein for NMU-induced rat mammary tumors treated with o-PRL, and 6.81 +/- 2.34 fmol/mg protein for NMU-induced rat mammary tumors treated with CB-154. Our results demonstrated that treatment of NMU-induced rat mammary tumors with PRL increased the amount of Ia Ag expression by tumor cells and should prove very useful to the understanding of the biology of PRL in the tumorogenesis of the mammary gland.
Effect of genetic polymorphisms of some cytokines and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes on the lung function in patients with COPD
Authors: Dimo Dimov, Tatyana Vlaykova, Mateusz Kurzawski, Vanya Ilieva, Atanas Koychev, Gospodinka Prakova, Maya Gulubova, Vladimir Maximov, Marek Drozdzik, Vasil Dimitrov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

COPD is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by decreased expiratory flow rate. The decrease of lung function in COPD depends on tissue remodelling due to xonobiotic- and inflammation-induced ROS-mediated tissue damage and impaired proteinase/antiproteinase balance. Since the activity and/or the protein level of cytokines and enzymes involved in inflammation and xenobitic and antioxidant detoxification are found to be associated with some gene variants, we aimed to evaluate the role of gene polymorphisms of three xonobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and three proinflammatory cytokines as factors involved in decline of lung function in COPD. We genotype altogether 164 patients with COPD and 174 non-affected by the disease control individuals for the following SNPs:  GSTP1+313A>G, IL6 -174G>C, TNFA  - 308G>A, IL1B -511C>T, IL1B +3953C>T  and for the null polymorphisms in  GSTM1  and  GSTT1.   Our results displayed that the carriers of A allele of  GSTP1+313A>G  showed a tendency for higher FEV1%. compared to the carriers of GG genotype (p=0.097). Patients COPD stage III/IV having  GSTM1  null genotype demonstrated significantly lower FEV1% values (39.16%) than those with non-null genotype (43.91%, p=0.032). Moreover, patients with C containing genotypes of  IL6 -174G>C  SNP had significantly lower FEV1/FVC% (59.7%) compared to the patients with GG genotype (62.7%, p=0.034). The polymorphisms in  GSTT1, TNFA  and  IL1B  did not associate with respiratory indexes.  In conclusion, we suggest that the polymorphisms in the genes of some cytokines and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, such  GSTP1, GSTM1  and  IL6  are factors that may affect the lung functions in COPD.
Abstract 10440: Pre-procedural Elevated White Blood Cell Count and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte (N/L) Ratio are Predictors Of Ventricular Arrhythmias During PCI
Authors: Saurav Chatterjee, Preeti Chandra, Gunjan Guha, Vikas Kalra, Anasua Chakraborty
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: The absolute white blood cell (WBC) count and neutrophil to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio are predictors of death/myocardial infarction in patients who have undergone coronary angiography. We hypothesized that a pre-procedural elevated WBC count and an elevated N/L ratio would be a predictor of development of significant ventricular arrhythmias(sustained ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation) in subjects undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-because of increased systemic and coronary inflammation causing rapid thrombus formation and coronary occlusion. Methods: We retrieved the data for all patients developing ventricular arrhythmia during PCI between 1999 to 2009 from our cath lab database (from 30,798 records), a total of 70 patients(Group I) and tabulated their WBC counts and absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts (as percentages) as well as N/L ratios. We compared the data with a random group of age,gender,medications and pre-existing condition matched controls (n=70...
Cohort study of malignancies and hospitalized infectious events in treated and untreated patients with psoriasis and a general population in the United States
Authors: A.B. Kimball, J. Schenfeld, N.A. Accortt, M.S. Anthony, K.J. Rothman, D. Pariser
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Psoriasis is associated with risk of malignancy. Some psoriasis treatments may increase the risk of hospitalized infectious events (HIEs).To evaluate rates of malignancies and HIEs in patients with psoriasis.This retrospective cohort study utilized data from MarketScan(®) databases. Cohorts included adult general population (GP), patients with psoriasis, and patients with psoriasis treated with nonbiologics, adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab or phototherapy. Outcomes included incidence rates (IRs) per 10 000 person-years observation (PYO) for all malignancies excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), lymphoma, NMSC, and per 10 000 person-years of exposure (PYE) for HIEs.Incidence rates [95% confidence interval (CI)] for all malignancies except NMSC were 129 (127-130) and 142 (135-149) for GP (PYO = 51 071 587) and psoriasis (PYO = 119 432) cohorts, respectively; 10·9 (10·5-11·3) and 12·9 (10·9-14·8) for lymphoma; and 145 (144-147) and 180 (173-188) for NMSC. Rates for all malignancies excluding NMSC were similar among treatments but variable for lymphoma and NMSC. IRs (95% CI) for HIEs were 332 (256-408) for the nonbiologic cohort (PYE = 3528); 288 (206-370) for etanercept (PYE = 6563); 325 (196-455) for adalimumab (PYE = 2772); 521 (278-765) for infliximab (PYE = 1058); and 334 (242-427) for phototherapy (PYE = 1797). IRs for HIEs were lowest for etanercept and higher in patients on baseline systemic corticosteroids across treatment cohorts.Malignancy rates were higher in patients with psoriasis than the GP, but these treatments did not appear to increase malignancy risk.
Oral polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation as adjuvant therapy for asthmatic children
Authors: Malak Shaheen, Magdy Mahmoud, Dina Elshinaway
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) competitively inhibit the formation of leukotrienes and prostaglandins produced from omega-6 fatty acids and thus provide anti-inflammatory effect. However, the precise impact of omega-3 fatty acid oral supplements for asthmatic children has not been established. The aim of this study was to assess safety and efficacy of omega-3 PUFA supplementation for asthmatic children.  Method: In a prospective study, 44 known asthmatic children and 15 matched healthy children received oral supplementation with omega-3 PUFA for 5 weeks duration. All children underwent; history taking, clinical examinations, pulmonary function testing and assessment of omega-3 PUFA serum levels, total IgE (TIgE) levels and interleukin 4 (IL4) levels before and after the supplementation.  Result: Basal omega-3 PUFA serum levels were significantly lower in asthmatic children compared to controls (p 0.03) and much lower with severe grades of asthma (r = 0.25, p 0.03). Three folds rise was documented in the mean omega-3 PUFA level of asthmatic children compared to eight folds increase in healthy children after PUFA supplementation (p 0.0004). Clinical asthma scores showed one step down improvement only in 13.5% of asthmatic children (6/44). Mean values of TIgE serum levels in asthmatic children showed a significant reduction after supplementation (p 0.04) while IL4 serum levels showed a rise after supplementation.  Conclusion: Significant difference exists between healthy children and asthmatic children regarding the impact of oral PUFA supplementation. However; it showed some positive effects for asthmatics, its safety is questionable in children.
Descriptive and dynamic psychiatry: a perspective on DSM-III
Authors: Allen Frances, Arnold M. Cooper
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The APA Task Force on Nomenclature and Statistics attempted to make DSM-III a descriptive nosology that is atheoretical in regard to etiology. The authors believe that a sharp polarity between morphological classification and explanatory formulation is artificial and misleading, and they critically review DSM-III from a psychodynamic perspective. They compare and contrast the descriptive orientation in psychiatry with the psychodynamic orientation and conclude that the two approaches overlap, that they are complementary and necessary to each other, and that there is a descriptive data base underlying dynamic psychiatry which may be usefully included in future nomenclatures.
Heart rate variability during the night in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Riccardo Inchingolo, Giuseppe Maria Corbo, Gregory Angelo Sgueglia, Gaetano Lanza, Salvatore Valente
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could have a lower oxygen saturation during the night compared to the day-time and it could affect autonomic modulation of heart rate. We studied the behaviour of heart rate variability (HRV) during the day-time versus the night in COPD patients.  30 stable outpatients were recruited and classified by BODE index. A 24 h electrocardiographic Holter recording and a transcutaneous measurement of oxygen saturation were performed at the same time. Lung function was also measured. Statistical analysis was made by linear regression.  According to BODE index, 13 patients belonged to first group (BODE 1=0-2), 8 to second group (BODE 2=3-4) whereas 9 were included in the third group (BODE 3=5-10).  During the night, we observed, compared to the day-time, a significant increase of both normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (i.e. a reduction of heart rate, 831 vs 720 msec, p=0.000), and Standard Deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN, 94.3 vs 85.5 msec, p=0.03), and High Frequency band (HF, 14.86 vs 10.97 msec p=0.0004) with reduction of ratio of low frequency to HF band (LF/HF ratio, 1.54 vs 1.96 p=0.09). Mean oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SpO 2 ) during the night was directly and significantly related to both SDNN (p=0.0018) and HF (p=0.057). Subjects with mean SpO 2  lower than 90% showed lower SDNN (60 vs 100 msec, p=0.012) and lower HF (8.2 vs 16.2 msec, p=0.04). LF/HF ratio was found unrelated to mean SpO 2  during the night, but a close inverse relationship was found with RV/TLC ratio (p=0.0058).  Our data demonstrated that in COPD patients both level of oxygen saturation of haemoglobin and impairment of static lung volumes could affect the cardiac autonomic modulation.
Combined modality therapy of rectal cancer: decreased acute toxicity with the preoperative approach.
Authors: B D Minsky, A M Cohen, N Kemeny, W E Enker, D P Kelsen, B Reichman, L Saltz, E R Sigurdson, J Frankel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE We compared the combined radiation therapy (RT) plus chemotherapy segments of two separate parallel phase I trials to determine if combined pelvic RT, fluorouracil (5-FU), and high-dose leucovorin (LV) had less acute toxicity when delivered preoperatively versus postoperatively in patients with rectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with unresectable disease received preoperative RT plus LV and 5-FU followed by surgery and postoperative LV and 5-FU. Patients with resectable disease received identical doses, techniques, and schedules of RT and LV and 5-FU except all therapy was delivered postoperatively. On day 1, patients received LV and 5-FU times one cycle. RT began on day 8. A second cycle of LV and 5-FU was given concurrently with the fourth week of RT. RESULTS Although more patients (75% v 32%; P = .02) received the higher dose level of 5-FU (250 mg/m2), significantly fewer experienced acute grade 3 to 4 toxicity with preoperative versus postoperative therapy (13% v 48%; P = .045). There was no grade 3 to 4 myelosuppression in either group. The two grade 3 toxicities in the preoperative group were gastrointestinal. The grade 3 toxicities in the postoperative group included seven gastrointestinal and two genitourinary; four patients had a grade 4 toxicity. CONCLUSION Given the high incidence of grade 3 to 4 toxicity also reported in the postoperative combined modality adjuvant randomized trials, future adjuvant trials should explore the preoperative approach.
Identification of nasal virus infection in patients with COPD exacerbations
Authors: Irina Strambu, Ileana Stoicescu, Madalina Burecu, Daniela Dospinoiu, Camelia Nita, Felicia Cojocaru, Alina Croitoru, Diana Ionita
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

COPD exacerbations are serious events in the evolution of COPD and their trigger is not known in many cases. The study aimed to identify viral infections in patients admitted for a COPD exacerbation.  20 successive patients with COPD exacerbation admitted in February-March 2013 were included: mean age 65±10 years, 16 males, GOLD stages III/IV; all had hypoxemia, 12 had hypercapnia. Eight patients were frequent exacerbators, 6 received influenza vaccination. Patients requiring ICU admittance or having chest X-ray consolidations were not included. Immediately after admittance patients were sampled for viral infection using a sterile nasal swab, analyzed by PCR to identify respiratory syncitial virus, rhinovirus and influenza viruses; serologic viral testing (ELISA) was performed; sputum samples for microbiological exam were analysed in 13 patients.   Results  Four patients (20%) were positive for viral infection in nasal samples: 1 respiratory syncitial virus infection – also positive for Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in sputum, 2 rhinovirus and 2 influenza A-H1N1 infections; in one patient two viruses were identified. None of these patients was vaccinated against influenza, or had frequent exacerbations. Serology was negative for all patients for the tested antibodies. In one other patient Haemophillus Parainfluenzae was identified in sputum.   Conclusions  Viral infection was identified as a possible cause of COPD exacerbation in 4 patients (20%); serology testing was less informative than nasal viral identification. Only 2 patients had a positive sputum culture for bacteria. The cause of the exacerbation remained undetermined in 75% of patients. Antiviral treatment might not be cost-effective in preventing exacerbations.
Capsule Endoscopy in Patients with Suspected Crohn’s Disease and Negative Endoscopy
Authors: J M Herrerías, A Caunedo, M Rodríguez-Téllez, F Pellicer, J M Herrerías
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Background and Study Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess the value of capsule endoscopy in the diagnostic work-up of patients in whom there is a clinical suspicion of small bowel Crohn's disease that cannot be confirmed using traditional techniques. Patients and Methods: A total of 21 patients (14 men, seven women; mean age 43 ± 8 years) with a clinical and biochemical suspicion of Crohn's disease were included in the study. Conventional imaging work-up, including upper and lower endoscopy, as well as a small-bowel follow-through, was carried out in all of the patients. Results: Pathological findings were not observed in 12 of the 21 patients (57 %). In the other nine patients (43 %), lesions supporting the diagnosis of Crohn's disease were seen. The most frequent findings were located in the distal ileum and included aphthae, lineal and serpiginous ulcers, and fissures. Four patients had lesions in the jejunum. One patient showed erosions in the distal duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. No adverse effects of the technique were observed in any of the patients. Conclusions: Capsule endoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool in patients with suspected Crohn's disease that has not been confirmed using standard imaging techniques.
Mesalazine is safe for the treatment of IBD
Authors: G D'Haens
Journal: Gut (2003)

Cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitor induced bowel stricture: a case report Several reports have mentioned the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in inducing diaphragm disease and strictures in the small and large bowel. [1]2][3] To our knowledge, there is no such report in patients treated with cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors.We report the case of a 55 year old man with a past history of axial spondylarthropathy, successfully treated with NSAID from 1975 to 2001; from February 2001, he was treated with celecoxib 400 mg per day for three weeks and then 200 mg/day for two years.He had previous abdominal surgery (appendicectomy) in 1965.He presented with a 24 hour history of central abdominal pain with persistent vomiting.Clinical and radiological examination confirmed small bowel obstruction.At laparoscopy, a distal ileal obstruction was identified.Coelioscopic laparotomy was then performed, showing evidence of bowel wall stricture; 10 cm of the distal ileum was spared.Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the resected specimen was consistent with a diagnosis of stricture on submucosal ulceration of the small bowel.This condition is known to be associated with long term use of NSAID.The COX-2 specific inhibitors have been developed in order to improve the gastrointestinal safety of therapy with NSAID.In various clinical trials, COX-2 selective inhibitors have been shown to have similar efficacy to NSAID, with a concomitant association with fewer endoscopic ulcers and serious lower gastrointestinal events. 3 This case suggests that COX-2 selective inhibitors can induce bowel wall ulcerations, followed by submucosa fibrosis, which may cause strictures or diaphragm-like disease.
LDL Receptor–Related Protein 6 Modulates Ret Proto-Oncogene Signaling in Renal Development and Cystic Dysplasia
Authors: Yongping Wang, Arjun Stokes, Zhijian Duan, Jordan Hui, Ying Xu, YiPing Chen, Hong-Wu Chen, Kit Lam, Chengji J Zhou
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Hypoplastic and/or cystic kidneys have been found in both LDL receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6)- and β-catenin-mutant mouse embryos, and these proteins are key molecules for Wnt signaling. However, the underlying mechanisms of Lrp6/β-catenin signaling in renal development and cystic formation remain poorly understood. In this study, we found evidence that diminished cell proliferation and increased apoptosis occur before cystic dysplasia in the renal primordia of Lrp6-deficient mouse embryos. The expression of Ret proto-oncogene (Ret), a critical receptor for the growth factor glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which is required for early nephrogenesis, was dramatically diminished in the mutant renal primordia. The activities of other representative nephrogenic genes, including Lim1, Pax2, Pax8, GDNF, and Wnt11, were subsequently diminished in the mutant renal primordia. Molecular biology experiments demonstrated that Ret is a novel transcriptional target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Wnt agonist lithium promoted Ret expression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Lrp6-knockdown or lithium treatment in vitro led to downregulation or upregulation, respectively, of the phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases 1 and 3, which act downstream of GDNF/Ret signaling. Mice with single and double mutations of Lrp6 and Ret were perinatal lethal and demonstrated gene dosage-dependent effects on the severity of renal hypoplasia during embryogenesis. Taken together, these results suggest that Lrp6-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling modulates or interacts with a signaling network consisting of Ret cascades and related nephrogenic factors for renal development, and the disruption of these genes or signaling activities may cause a spectrum of hypoplastic and cystic kidney disorders.
The association of smoking and blood viscosity
Authors: Gulfidan Cakmak, Fatma Ates Alkan, Kazim Korkmaz, Zuhal Aydan Saglam, Tayyibe Saler, Mustafa Yenigun, Meltem Ercan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Despite the efforts towards controlling all well known risk factors, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases are still the most common causes of death. This obvious fact stimulates the investigators to look for new risk factors. We aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking and blood viscosity from this point of view. One hundred people were invited and three groups were formed. group 1 composed of exsmokers, group 2 composed of individuals who had been smoking, group 3 composed of the individuals who never smoked. Measurements of blood viscosity were performed at three different shear rates. Since the hematocrit levels can significantly effect viscosity, in order to avoid this, hematocrit levels were fixed at 40.  According to our results we may conclude that smoking effects the measurements of blood.We found that blood viscosity was higher in smokers and exsmokers compared to the ones who never smoked.  We think that corrective measures for increased blood viscosity may be important for preventing and/or treatment of related diseases mainly cardiovascular ones.
Bladder Exstrophy from Childhood into Adult Life
Authors: Jacob Ben-Chaim, Steven G Docimo, Robert D Jeffs, John P Gearhart
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1996)

Exstrophy of the bladder is rare and the incidence of bladder exstrophy is calculated to be from 1 per 30 000 to 50 000 live births with male to female ratio ranging from 1.5-5 to 1 1-4 It was found that persistence or overgrowth of the cloacal membrane on the lower anterior abdominal area, prevents normal mesenchymal ingrowth. This causes divergence of the lower abdominal muscular structures and forces the genital ridges to fuse caudal to the cloacal membrane. The stage of ingrowth of the urorectal septum at the time of rupture determines whether one will produce an exstrophic urinary tract alone (classic bladder exstrophy or epispadias) or cloacal exstrophy with the hindgut interposed between the hemibladders 5,6 .
Determination of Sex of Teratomas Derived From Early Mouse Embryos&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G. R. Dunn, L. C. Stevens
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)