tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Complement mediated inhibition of immune precipitation in rheumatoid arthritis: studies on interaction of heat aggregated IgG with IgM rheumatoid factor.
Authors: M M O'Sullivan, N Amos, B D Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Serum samples from patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis contain an inhibitor of complement mediated inhibition of immune precipitation (CMIP). This inhibitory effect can be produced by the addition of either purified monoclonal or polyclonal IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) to human serum. The specificity of the rheumatoid factor influences the degree of inhibition, and when precipitation occurs the rheumatoid factor coprecipitates with the antigen-antibody complex. In rheumatoid sera there was a significant positive correlation between IgM RF concentration and inhibitory activity, though the range of inhibitory activity seen for the same concentration of rheumatoid factor was considerable. Small quantities of heat aggregated IgG (HAGG) had a much greater effect on the measurement in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of IgM RF than they did on the inhibitory activity of IgM RF in the CMIP assay. Larger quantities of HAGG initiated complement activation and increased the precipitation of immune complexes. IgM RF reduced the complement activating properties of HAGG by reducing the amount of Clq which bound to the aggregate. The mechanisms by which IgM RF overcomes CMIP in rheumatoid sera may involve its inhibitory effects on the binding of Cl to the antigen-antibody complex.
Role of dynamin, synaptojanin, and endophilin in podocyte foot processes
Authors: Keita Soda, Daniel M. Balkin, Shawn M. Ferguson, Summer Paradise, Ira Milosevic, Silvia Giovedi, Laura Volpicelli-Daley, Xuefei Tian, Yumei Wu, Hong Ma, Sung Hyun Son, Rena Zheng, Gilbert Moeckel, Ottavio Cremona, Lawrence B. Holzman, Pietro De Camilli, Shuta Ishibe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Podocytes are specialized cells that play an integral role in the renal glomerular filtration barrier via their foot processes. The foot processes form a highly organized structure, the disruption of which causes nephrotic syndrome. Interestingly, several similarities have been observed between mechanisms that govern podocyte organization and mechanisms that mediate neuronal synapse development. Dynamin, synaptojanin, and endophilin are functional partners in synaptic vesicle recycling via interconnected actions in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and actin dynamics in neurons. A role of dynamin in the maintenance of the kidney filtration barrier via an action on the actin cytoskeleton of podocytes was suggested. Here we used a conditional double-KO of dynamin 1 (Dnm1) and Dnm2 in mouse podocytes to confirm dynamin’s role in podocyte foot process maintenance. In addition, we demonstrated that while synaptojanin 1 (Synj1) KO mice and endophilin 1 (Sh3gl2), endophilin 2 (Sh3gl1), and endophilin 3 (Sh3gl3) triple-KO mice had grossly normal embryonic development, these mutants failed to establish a normal filtration barrier and exhibited severe proteinuria due to abnormal podocyte foot process formation. These results strongly implicate a protein network that functions at the interface between endocytosis and actin at neuronal synapses in the formation and maintenance of the kidney glomerular filtration barrier.
Case 6-1981
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Paul H. Chapman, George M. Kleinman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Presentation of CaseA 32-year-old right-handed man was admitted to the hospital because of an ataxic gait and right-sided weakness.He was well until 15 months earlier, when he became aware of intermittent diplopia during vigorous exercise. Eleven months before entry the diplopia became more persistent, especially at night. Eight months before admission he began to have difficulty in keeping his balance, followed shortly by dysphagia. Four months later he noticed numbness of the left side of the thorax. Two months before entry a physician observed nystagmus on lateral gaze, for which prisms were prescribed. The patient continued to drive . . .
Case Study of Anti-1-Amino-3-F-18 Fluorocyclobutane-1-Carboxylic Acid (Anti-[F-18] FACBC) to Guide Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy Target Design
Authors: Ashesh B. Jani, Timothy H. Fox, Daisy Whitaker, David M. Schuster
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Purpose of the Report: Anti-1-amino-3-F-18 fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (FACBC) is a novel radiotracer, which has shown some promise for use with positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for visualizing prostate cancer. Here we describe a case of a prostate cancer patient who underwent radiation treatment and had an FACBC scan obtained as part of a pilot study. Methods: We explored the potential impact of FACBC on treatment planning. We registered the FACBC acquisition with the PET/CT, which required a simple translation. Then, we did a deformable image registration of the PET/CT with the planning CT—this process allowed the FACBC-defined gross tumor volume (GTVFACBC) to be projected into the planning CT. An intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan (plan A) not including GTVFACBC (with final dose to 81.0 Gy) was generated, as was an IMRT plan including the GTVFACBC to a final dose of 86.4 Gy (plan B). Target coverage and normal tissue dose volume histogram (DVH) endpoints were tabulated. Results: In this particular patient, bladder constraints could not be met on any plan due to anatomic limitations. However, the impact on the rectal DVH could be assessed, and inclusion of the GTVFACBC did permit rectal DVH constraints to be met in plan B while maintaining target coverage and inhomogeneity constraints. Conclusion: In our test case, it was feasible to use FACBC to guide IMRT, and highlights the role of deformable image registration of the PET/CT with the planning CT. These findings can guide future studies incorporating FACBC into treatment planning.
Bias Estimates of Mortality Using MedisGroups
Authors: Arthur J. Hartz
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Blumberg<sup>1</sup>used the term<i>bias</i>in an unconventional and misleading way. Bias "occurs when comparisons are made between groups of patients that differ with respect to determinants of the outcome other than those under study. "<sup>2</sup>Blumberg used the word bias to describe the relationships between several patient characteristics (age, AMI location, CHF status) and the ratio of the observed mortality rate to the mortality rate predicted using the MedisGroups admission severity groups (ASG) score. These relationships do not illustrate bias. To show that the ASG score provides biased estimates of mortality, it is necessary to show that two patient populations (eg, patients treated at teaching hospitals vs nonteaching hospitals) systematically differ with respect to risk in ways not accounted for by the ASG score. The relationships in the Blumberg study illustrate only that the patient characteristics are risk factors that have not been adequately
Abstract 5171: FATS is an E2-independent ubiquitin ligase that stabilizes p53 and promotes p53-dependent checkpoint response.
Authors: Zheng Li, Shuangshuang Yan, Li Qiu, Jun Zhang, Ke Ma, Xifeng Zhang, Xishan Hao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Ubiquitin linkage is critical in directing the cellular fate of a ubiquitinated protein. Although K48-linked polyubiquitination of p53 leads to its degradation, whether polyubiquitination of p53 has a positive role in its activation remains unknown. Here, we show that FATS, a cancer-associated gene susceptible to DNA damage, acts as a p53 activator through binding to p53 and polyubiquitnating p53. Knockdown of FATS impairs p53 activation in response to DNA damage. Moreover, FATS is a unique ubiquitin ligase (E3) that assembles non-linear ubiquitin chains through K11-, K29- and K63-linkages, independently of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2). The expression of NH2-terminal FATS is sufficient to polyubiquitinate and stabilize p53, which is associated with increased transcriptional activity of p53 and stronger effect on p53-mediated cell cycle arrest. Importantly, FATS-catalyzed polyubiquitination of p53 is required for robust activation of p53 upon DNA damage. Our findings uncover a new mechanism of p53 activation in response to DNA damage and establish the functional linkage between non-linear polyubiquitination and checkpoint response. Citation Format: Zheng Li, Shuangshuang Yan, Li Qiu, Jun Zhang, Ke Ma, Xifeng Zhang, Xishan Hao. FATS is an E2-independent ubiquitin ligase that stabilizes p53 and promotes p53-dependent checkpoint response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5171. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5171
BMA launches campaign to promote ethical purchasing of NHS medical supplies
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The BMA is urging health professionals and the public to help promote the fair trade of medical supplies by contributing to a consultation on ethical procurement in the NHS. 

In December 2008 the NHS’s Purchasing and Supply Agency, in partnership with the Ethical Trading Initiative (an alliance of companies, non-governmental organisations, and trade unions to promote ethical consumerism) and the BMA, developed draft guidance for procurers in the healthcare sector to consider labour standards in countries where products are made. The consultation runs until the end of April 2009, and final guidance for GPs and …
Linkage disequilibrium maps and association mapping
Authors: N. E. Morton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The causal chain between a gene and its effect on disease susceptibility cannot be understood until the effect has been localized in the DNA sequence. Recently, polymorphisms incorporated in the HapMap Project have made linkage disequilibrium (LD) the most powerful tool for localization. The genetics of LD, the maps and databases that it provides, and their use for association mapping, as well as alternative methods for gene localization, are briefly described.
Relationship between the left ventricle shortening fraction value and dynamism changes of selected echo parameters during a one year observation period in patients with chronic atrial fibrillatin
Authors: D. Kosior, M. Szulc, D. Wretowski, Z. Lewandowski, P. Scislo, A. Oreziak, A. Torbicki, G. Opolski
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Mycobacterium fortuitum lung abscess treated with ciprofloxacin.
Authors: J Vadakekalam, M J Ward
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Mycobacterium fortuitum rarely causes lung disease. Although treatment in the past has included intravenous antibiotics, this is the first report of a Mycobacterium fortuitum lung abscess that resolved with a prolonged course of oral ciprofloxacin alone. There is no evidence of recurrence 14 months after the end of treatment.
Critically Ill Patients and Long-term Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Sean R. Muldoon
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of Perioperative Hypothermia During Colectomy With Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Rebeccah B. Baucom, Sharon E. Phillips, Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, Roberta L. Muldoon, Benjamin K. Poulose, Alan J. Herline, Paul E. Wise, Timothy M. Geiger
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Maintaining perioperative normothermia has been shown to decrease the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) after segmental colectomy and is part of the World Health Organization's Guidelines for Safe Surgery. However, strong evidence supporting this association is lacking, and an exact definition of normothermia has not been described.To determine whether intraoperative hypothermia in patients who undergo segmental colectomy is associated with postoperative SSI.In a retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary-referral hospital, 296 adult patients who underwent elective segmental colectomy from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2009, were included. Exclusion criteria included postoperative stoma, emergent or urgent operation, and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease.Perioperative temperature was measured continuously, and 4 possible definitions of hypothermia were explored, including temperature nadir, mean intraoperative temperature, percentage of time at the temperature nadir, and percentage of time with a temperature of less than 36.0°C.The primary outcome measure was 30-day SSI. Secondary outcome measures included clinical leak, return to the operating room, and nasogastric tube placement (a surrogate for ileus).The mean (SD) findings were as follows: intraoperative temperature, 35.9°C (0.6°C); temperature nadir, 34.3°C (2.8°C); percentage of time at the nadir, 4.7% (10.8%); and percentage of time with a temperature of less than 36.0°C, 49.9% (42.0%). The rate of SSI was 12.2% (n = 36). There was no statistically significant difference in temperature measurements between the patients who developed an SSI and those who did not. Logistic regression models evaluated each exposure measure and its effect on SSI, adjusting for body mass index, smoking status, and sex. The adjusted analyses revealed no association between intraoperative hypothermia and 30-day SSI (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.76-1.81; P = .48). Increased body mass index (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10-1.76; P = .007) was significantly associated with SSI in all 4 logistic regression models.Patients who underwent segmental colectomy and sustained a period of intraoperative hypothermia were no more likely to develop an SSI than those who were normothermic.
Traffic Safety and the Driver
Authors: Carl A. Soderstrom
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<i>Traffic Safety and the Driver</i>is an important text for professionals and individuals interested in the problem of injury resulting from vehicular crashes. In the introduction, Dr Evans precisely defines terminology and carefully articulates the goals and pitfalls of data analysis. The emphasis on exact language in this and subsequent sections attests to the author's position as principal research scientist at the General Motors Research Laboratories. The text deals primarily with crashes involving fatal injuries, which have been studied the most and hence for which a great deal of information is available for analysis. The volume focuses on most of the components of William Haddon's classic 3×3 matrix, which is used to describe crashes. Three of three components along one axis are addressed at length, ie, human (host) factors, the vehicle and equipment, and the physical environment. Along the other axis, precrash and crash components are covered thoroughly. In contrast,
Shedding from Normal and Cancer-Cell Surfaces
Authors: Paul H. Black
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The release of products from cells is commonly called secretion. Secretion implies the release of the soluble contents of secretory vesicles by a process known as exocytosis. In recent years, however, it has become clear that exported products may be cell-surface molecules that are shed from cells. Shedding implies the release in soluble or particulate form of cell-surface constituents without an adverse effect on cell viability, and thus shedding should be distinguished from secretion.1 Proteins, glycoproteins, lipoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans, either alone or in combination with other cell-membrane constituents, may be shed. Although the precise mechanism of such release is . . .
Anionic salivary proteins associated with connective tissue disorders: sialated tissue kallikreins.
Authors: D Greaves, J T Whicher, K D Bhoola, C Scully, S Flint, S R Porter, R E Chambers, P A Maddison, J A Beeley, R Matthews
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Parotid saliva was collected from 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 10 with systemic lupus erythematosus, three with mixed connective tissue disease, 12 with progressive systemic sclerosis, two with primary Sjögren9s syndrome, and four with Raynaud9s syndrome. Tissue kallikreins were measured by radioimmunoassay, and saliva samples were subjected to isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting or silver staining. The results showed that the saliva of patients with connective tissue diseases contained increased amounts of immunoreactive tissue kallikrein. In addition, there was an increase in the multiple forms of anionic tissue kallikreins, resulting mainly from a shift in their distribution towards that of higher sialic acid content and lower isoelectric point. These changes were most obvious in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Novel or unusual glycosylation may explain the occurrence of increased amounts of anionic salivary proteins in connective tissue diseases.
Oxacillin-lnduced Agranulocytosis
Authors: James B. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Recent reports 1 (232:1150, 1975; 232:1152, 1975) have brought attention to a variety of leukopenias associated with semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillins. Numerous other allergic and idiosyncratic reactions with these antibiotics have also been documented. In 1965 Freedman 2 reported a case of apparent hematologic and hepatic toxicity due to long-term administration of oxacillin. To the best of my knowledge, however, the literature has not described a case of complete agranulocytosis in a patient receiving oxacillin as an only drug, and I should like to report the following case.  Report of a Case.—  A previously healthy 18-year-old man without a history of allergies, adverse reactions to medications, or unusual or inordinate numbers of infections acquired a Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis of his left clavicle and the intrinsic bones of his right foot following an altercation. Therapy was begun with 12 g of oxacillin sodium (176 mg/kg/day) intravenously in divided doses every
Troops battle to contain India's outbreak of plague
Authors: G Nandan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

India's first epidemic of human plague in 28 years has broken out in two western states of the country, creating panic and sending health authorities scrambling to control its spread. The National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) in New Delhi last week confirmed two outbreaks - one of bubonic plague in a region of Maharashtra state that was devastated by an earthquake last year, the other of pneumonic plague in the industrial town of Surat in Gujurat state. There were reports earlier this week, however, that the number of new cases in Surat was falling, although epidemiologists are uncertain whether the disease has been contained. Two patients in Delhi who had passed through Surat were being investigated for the disease after presenting with symptoms of plague.

Indian security forces have been sent into Surat to prevent people …
Cancer of the Hypopharynx and its Surgical Treatment
Authors: R. W. Raven
Journal: BMJ (1952)

CARCINOMA OF THE OESOPHAGUS MELOURNA 951 four years.She complained of heartburn after operation, but this was successfully treated by alkalis.She swallows without difficulty and has continued her work as a housewife.Two patients continue to thrive two years after operation; one of them, a woman, is now 69.Two other patients have survived for over 18 months-both had a carcinoma situated in the middle third of the oesophagus.Of the 72 cases of carcinoma of the oesophagus at various sites 29 had resections, and in,14 the patient survived longer than a month, giving a mortality rate of 51%.Supra-aortic anastomoses had been performed on 7 of the 15 patients who died within the month.The resectability rate was 40%.Eight palliative operations were performed, and three of these patients lived longer than six months.Jejunostomy was performed on 15 patients and gastro- stomy on 13; 7 of these 28 patients have lived longer than six months.No patient in the total series who was not treated by radical operation has lived longer than two years.Summary An analysis of the various clinical features observed in 159 patients suffering from carcinoma of the oesophagus has been made.Cases of carcinoma arising in the stomach and involving the oesophagus have been excluded.Of the investigations, oesophagoscopy is the more exact method of obtaining correct information about the presence or absence of a growth in the gullet.Repetition of a barium swallow may at times be necessary to avoid missing the presence of a small growth.The use of concentrated liquid food facilitates the preparation of the patient to withstand the severe radical or less severe palliative procedures.With radical treatment, although the mortality is high (50% approx- imately), the patient may be returned to a normal state with the ability to swallow restored.
Selection on Meiosis Genes in Diploid and Tetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa
Authors: Kevin M Wright, Brian Arnold, Katherine Xue, Maria Šurinová, Jeremy O'Connell, Kirsten Bomblies
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Meiotic chromosome segregation is critical for fertility across eukaryotes, and core meiotic processes are well conserved even between kingdoms. Nevertheless, recent work in animals has shown that at least some meiosis genes are highly diverse or strongly differentiated among populations. What drives this remains largely unknown. We previously showed that autotetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa evolved stable meiosis, likely through reduced crossover rates, and that associated with this there is strong evidence for selection in a subset of meiosis genes known to affect axis formation, synapsis, and crossover frequency. Here, we use genome-wide data to study the molecular evolution of 70 meiosis genes in a much wider sample of A. arenosa. We sample the polyploid lineage, a diploid lineage from the Carpathian Mountains, and a more distantly related diploid lineage from the adjacent, but biogeographically distinct Pannonian Basin. We find that not only did selection act on meiosis genes in the polyploid lineage but also independently on a smaller subset of meiosis genes in Pannonian diploids. Functionally related genes are targeted by selection in these distinct contexts, and in two cases, independent sweeps occurred in the same loci. The tetraploid lineage has sustained selection on more genes, has more amino acid changes in each, and these more often affect conserved or potentially functional sites. We hypothesize that Pannonian diploid and tetraploid A. arenosa experienced selection on structural proteins that mediate sister chromatid cohesion, the formation of meiotic chromosome axes, and synapsis, likely for different underlying reasons.