tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Duodenal ulcer is associated with low dietary linoleic acid intake.
Authors: H W Grant, K R Palmer, R R Riermesma, M F Oliver
Journal: Gut (1990)

It has been suggested that the falling incidence and virulence of duodenal ulcer is related to increased dietary polyunsaturated essential fatty acid intake. The adipose fatty acid profile, which closely reflects dietary intake, was measured in 35 men with chronic duodenal ulcer and 35 matched control men. The mean percentage of linoleic acid in adipose tissue was significantly lower in the ulcer group (10.0 (0.7) v 12.3 (0.7)%, p less than 0.01) and this difference was found in both smokers and non-smokers. This finding suggests that the diets of duodenal ulcer patients are deficient in linoleic acid and this could be of aetiological importance.
The high-affinity IgE receptor on eosinophils: From allergy to parasites or from parasites to allergy?
Authors: Abdelillah Soussi Gounni, Bouchaïb Lamkhioued, Emmanuel Delaporte, Ariane Dubost, Jean-Pierre Kinet, André Capron, Monique Capron
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1994)
Fumarate hydratase mutations and predisposition to cutaneous leiomyomas, uterine leiomyomas and renal cancer
Authors: N.A. Alam, S. Olpin, I.M. Leigh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations of fumarate hydratase (FH) predispose to the autosomal dominant syndrome of multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis (MCUL). Forty-five distinct FH mutations have been identified in 76 of 89 (85%) reported probands with skin leiomyomas. This suggests that MCUL is a genetically homogeneous condition and that most patients presenting with skin leiomyomas will have underlying FH mutations. FH mutations identified include 26/45 (58%) missense; 12/45 (27%) frameshift, 4/45 (9%) nonsense changes and 3/45 (7%) different whole gene deletions. In MCUL kindreds, the majority of females with FH mutations have both skin and uterine leiomyomas. A proportion of individuals with FH mutations have associated renal cancer, a variant known as hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). If selection bias is removed, the prevalence of renal cancer in MCUL lies between one of 46 (2%) families who were not radiologically screened, and two of 32 (6%) families who were radiologically screened. Truncating, particularly frameshift, mutations appear to be significantly associated with renal cancer (P = 0·003), suggesting a possible basis for selective screening. There may also be a significantly increased rate of renal cancer in females (P = 0·004), suggesting a possible role for hormonal factors. Review of the literature suggests that, unlike most individuals presenting with skin leiomyomas, the majority of patients presenting with uterine leiomyomas or renal cancer will not have underlying FH mutations.
Early and Late Quantitative Angiographic Results of Vein Graft Lesions Treated by Excimer Laser With Adjunctive Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Bradley H. Strauss, Madhu K. Natarajan, Wayne B. Batchelor, David E. Yardley, John A. Bittl, Timothy A. Sanborn, John A. Power, Linley E. Watson, Richard Moothart, James E. Tcheng, Robert J. Chisholm
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Percutaneous excimer laser coronary angioplasty (PELCA) has been approved for treatment of diseased saphenous vein bypass grafts. However, detailed and complete quantitative angiographic analysis of immediate procedural and late follow-up results has not been performed. Methods and Results PELCA using the CVX-300 excimer laser system was performed in 125 bypass lesions (mean graft age, 96±53 months; range, 2 to 240 months) in 106 consecutive patients at eight centers. Quantitative analyses of the procedural and follow-up angiograms were done with the Cardiac Measurement System. Stand-alone PELCA was done in 21 lesions (17%). Lesions were located at the ostium (20%), body (67%), or distal anastomosis (13%). The graft reference diameter was 3.26±0.79 mm (mean±SD). Minimal lumen diameter increased from 1.09±0.52 mm before treatment to 1.61±0.69 mm after laser and 2.18±0.63 mm after adjunctive balloon dilation ( P &lt;.001) but had declined at follow-up to 1.40±1.17 mm. Dissections were evident in 45% of lesions after laser treatment (types A and B, 27%; types C through F, 18%), including 7% occlusions. Angiographic success (≤50% diameter stenosis [% DS]) was 54% after laser and 91% after adjunctive PTCA, with an overall clinical success rate of 89%. In-hospital complications were death, 0.9%; myocardial infarction (Q-wave and non–Q-wave), 4.5%; and bypass surgery, 0.9%. Independent predictors of % DS after laser were reference diameter, lesion length, and minimal lumen diameter before laser. At angiographic follow-up in 83% of eligible patients, the restenosis rate per lesion (DS &gt;50%) was 52%, including 23 occlusions (24%). The only independent predictor of increased % DS at follow-up was lesion symmetry. Logistic regression indicated that smaller reference diameter was an independent predictor of late occlusion. Overall 1-year mortality was 8.6%. Actuarial event-free survival (freedom from death, myocardial infarction, bypass surgery, or target vessel percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) was 48.2% at 1 year. Conclusions Excimer laser angioplasty with adjunctive balloon angioplasty can be safely and successfully performed in diseased, old saphenous vein bypass graft lesions considered at high risk for reintervention. The extent of laser ablation remains limited by the diameter and effectiveness of the catheters. Late restenosis and, in particular, total occlusion mitigate the early benefits of the procedure. Other approaches such as the routine use of additional anticoagulation (eg, warfarin) should be considered to reduce the risk of late occlusions and restenosis after laser angioplasty of bypass grafts.
Effect of prostaglandin 15(R) 15 methyl-E2 methyl ester on aspirin and taurocholic acid-induced gastric mucosal haemorrhage in rats.
Authors: H A Carmichael, L Nelson, R I Russell, V Chandra, A Lyon, K M Cochran
Journal: Gut (1976)

The effect of orally administered prostaglandin 15(R)15 methyl-E2 methyl ester on aspirin and taurocholic acid-induced gastric mucosal haemorrhage has been studied in rats. The incidence of haemorrhage induced by aspirin (26-7 mM), 64 mg/kg, together with taurocholic acid (2-5 mM), was significantly reduced from 53-6% to 19-5% by the addition of the prostaglandin (9-9 muM), P less than 0.01. The incidence of haemorrhage induced by aspirin alone (53-3 mM), 128 mg/kg, was significantly reduced from 80% to 20% by the addition of prostaglandin (9-9 muM), P less than 0.002. These results indicate the possible use of synthetic prostaglandins in the prevention of aspirin-induced gastric pathology.
Clinical Remarks on a Case of Malignant or Pernicious Anaemia in which a Condition of Chronic General Osteomyelitis was Found after Death
Authors: T. H. Knott
Journal: BMJ (1890)

ment fails in attaining its object.In such cases we would strongly urge that the mastoid cells should be trephined, and all casous matter (which will probably be found) cleare out, and a thorough drainage of the tympanum established.By this method the presence of matter likely to form a focus of secondary infec- tion would be avoided, a return to the local condition of health made possible, and the chances of subsequent intracranial sup- puration considerably reduced.
Clinical Endocrinology. I
Authors: Harley Cluxton
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This book is a collection of papers rather than a textbook. As a result, there is no logical continuity in the material presented. In general, it is concerned more with the laboratory investigative procedures than with their clinical application in the practice of endocrinology. The term "clinical endocrinology" hardly expresses the true nature of this book. There is no attempt to examine the interdependence of all the endocrine glands, which is so necessary when one is dealing with an endocrine problem, or when there is a deficiency or an excess of hormone present. This book should be of help to the investigator of endocrinology and to the seasoned endocrinologist, but would be of little value to the beginning student or general practitioner. Many of the laboratory and other procedures on which conclusions are founded are presented in great detail but prove to be unavailable in most hospitals not associated with
Abstract 3568: Characterization of AZD4547: An orally bioavailable, potent and selective inhibitor of FGFR tyrosine kinases 1, 2 and 3
Authors: Paul R. Gavine, Lorraine Mooney, Elaine Kilgour, Andrew P. Thomas, Katherine Al-Kadhimi, Sarah Beck, Tanya Coleman, Dawn Baker, Martine J. Mellor, Nigel AN Brooks, Teresa Klinowska
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) signalling axis plays an important role in normal organ, vascular and skeletal development. Deregulation of FGFR signalling through genetic modification or over-expression of the receptors (or their ligands) has been observed in numerous tumour settings, whilst the FGF/FGFR axis also plays a key role in driving tumor angiogenesis. A growing body of data demonstrates that inhibition of FGFR signalling can result in anti-proliferative and/or pro-apoptotic effects, both in vitro and in vivo, thus confirming the validity of FGFR as a therapeutic target. AZD4547 is a small molecule inhibitor which competes with ATP for binding to FGF receptors 1, 2 and 3, thus inhibiting autophosphorylation and downstream signalling. Using in vitro kinase assays, we demonstrate that AZD4547 is a potent inhibitor of FGFR's 1,2 and 3 with IC50 values of 0.2, 2.5 and 1.8nM respectively. AZD4547 is also highly selective vs a panel of over 70 other kinases (no activity at 10μM) and importantly vs Kinase Insert Domain Receptor (KDR) (&amp;gt;120-fold window in cellular assays vs. FGFR2). In vitro treatment of a large panel of cell lines (&amp;gt;100) with AZD4547 resulted in varying anti-proliferative responses, the most potent of which were almost exclusively confined to those cell-lines in which FGFR signalling was de-regulated. Treatment of these sensitive cell lines with AZD4547 for 1hr, demonstrated potent inhibition of phosphorylation of FGF receptors and downstream substrates including p44/42 MAPK. The anti-proliferative effects of AZD4547 appear to be cell line dependent and vary between potent G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptotic induction. Chronic in vivo dosing of AZD4547 up to 12.5mg/kg qd was well tolerated and resulted in dose-dependent growth inhibition in a KMS11 tumour xenograft model. This in vivo anti-tumor activity is correlated with exposure to AZD4547 and associated pharmacodynamic modulation of phospho-FGFR. These data confirm the novelty of AZD4547 as a potent and selective agent for the therapeutic treatment of tumors with deregulated FGF/FGFR signalling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3568. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3568
HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF LYSOSOMES AND LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES IN VIRUS-INFECTED CELL CULTURES
Authors: A. C. Allison, L. Mallucci
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

The appearance of lysosomes and the distribution of lysosomal enzymes have been studied in a number of cell cultures exposed to viruses. Lysosomes were shown by fluorescence microscopy after vital staining with aminoacridines and light microscopy after vital staining with neutral red. The lysosomal enzymes studied histochemically in unfixed and fixed cells were acid phosphatase and 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl acetate esterase. Activation of lysosomal enzymes was found to take place in three stages. The first is characterized by permeability of lysosomal membranes without release of enzymes. This is demonstrable by staining of lysosomal enzymes in unfixed cells and by increased uptake of aminoacridine fluorochromes and neutral red into lysosomes. In cell sheets initially stained with neutral red this gives rise to red plaques. This stage can be fully reversible; cells infected with, and yielding, the red-plaque strain of NDV, recover fully afterwards. In the second stage lysosomal enzymes are released into the cytoplasm, the cells round up and there is decreased uptake of aminoacridines and neutral red into lysosomes. In cell monolayers this results in the formation of white plaques. In the third stage, not usually seen in cell cultures, lysosomal enzymes are released from or inactivated in the cells and are not seen in either fixed or unfixed preparations. The possible roles of lysosomal enzymes in production of cytopathic effects, polykaryocytosis and malignant cell transformation are discussed.
Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallstone Dissolution with Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether in Complicated Stone Diagnosis and Gallbladder Anomalies
Authors: A. Hellstern, D. Rübesam, M. Leuschner, T. Wendt, H. Fuchs, U. Leuschner
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

In a total of 117 successfully punctured patients with gallbladder stones that were to be treated with methyl tert-butyl ether, 11 showed shell-like structured concrements on the CT scan. In 2 patients, pigment stones and very old concrements were suspected. In these 13 patients solitary stones dissolved in 2.9 hours, multiple stones in 10.8 hours, which corresponds to the treatment time of the total group. In 4 patients we diagnosed cholesterol stones, but dissolution was very slow, suggesting that the stones were covered with pigment. In 21 patients we found marked gallbladder anomalies, such as extreme septation, two-chamber gallbladders, gallbladder diverticula with a wedged stone, or gallbladders in which the fundus was positioned cranially. In these patients puncture time was prolonged by 25%. However, since in all patients the stones dissolved in the same time as in the total group (solitary stones; 3.1 hours: multiple stones: 10.4 hours) and since in 33% there was also sludge in the gallbladder, shape variants of the gallbladder obviously have no influence on the stone type. Whether they induce recurrent stones more often than normal gallbladders cannot be assessed at present. Shape variants of the gallbladder and layered stones on CT scan, however, do not represent a contraindication to MTBE therapy.
Don't Put the Cart Before the Horse
Authors: John A. Guerrieri
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The title admonition is generally made as a reminder that most activities have a sequence that maximizes efficiency and minimizes cost and errors in execution. The acquisition of computer support for a medical practice is probably more sensitive to the sequence in which certain mandatory steps are executed than any other acquisition in the practice. The importance of what is done and when was illustrated recently by a letter from a solo practitioner who had purchased computer equipment and asked, "How can I apply it to my practice?" This purchase of computer equipment was a clear case of "putting the cart before the horse." Unfortunately, it is not all that uncommon an occurrence as physicians become interested in computerization. Computer support is being applied with growing frequency to all facets of medicine. Physicians are using computer support to assist in the management of their practices, to improve the provision of
Genotypic analysis of lamivudine (LAM)-resistant HBV and their sensitivities to adefovir (ADV) in vitro and in liver transplanted patients
Authors: S. Xiong, C. Westland, H. Yang, P. Lamy, H. Namini, A. Hung, C. Gibbs, M. Miller, J. Fry, C. Brosgart
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
New Criteria for Evaluation of Acromegaly
Authors: William H. Daughaday
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The introduction of radioimmunoassay methods for growth hormone (GH) in human plasma in the early 1960's greatly improved the evaluation of patients with acromegaly. It was soon appreciated that many patients whose disease was considered to be clinically inactive still had elevated plasma GH levels; other patients with residual stigmata of acromegaly were found to have little detectable GH in their plasma, owing to spontaneous infarction of adenomas or treatment.A small percentage of patients have GH levels that are barely elevated despite signs of persistent disease. It is difficult to define what is or is not a normal basal . . .
Physiology of Airway Obstruction and Intrapulmonary Blood-gas Exchange.
Authors: A. B. DuBois
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Physiology of Airway Obstruction and Intrapulmonary Blood-gas Exchange.A. B. DuBois, M.D.A. B. DuBois, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-696_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe presence of airway obstruction results in characteristic disturbances in the function of the lungs. The physiology behind these processes is described. The changes which may be detected in the office and in the research laboratory are compared, and examples are presented to show how laboratory methods are used to supplement the information obtained clinically. Some new research methods for measuring the rate of blood-gas transfer in the lungs are described, together with an estimate of their potential application to the study of pulmonary insufficiency.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. B. DuBois, M.D.Affiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 696-696KeywordsLungsResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Quality of Life after Late Invasive Therapy for Occluded Arteries
Authors: Daniel B. Mark, Wenqin Pan, Nancy E. Clapp-Channing, Kevin J. Anstrom, John R. Ross, Rebecca S. Fox, Gerard P. Devlin, C. Edwin Martin, Christopher Adlbrecht, Patricia A. Cowper, Linda Davidson Ray, Eric A. Cohen, Gervasio A. Lamas, Judith S. Hochman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The open-artery hypothesis postulates that late opening of an infarct-related artery after myocardial infarction will improve clinical outcomes. We evaluated the quality-of-life and economic outcomes associated with the use of this strategy.We compared percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) plus stenting with medical therapy alone in high-risk patients in stable condition who had a totally occluded infarct-related artery 3 to 28 days after myocardial infarction. In 951 patients (44% of those eligible), we assessed quality of life by means of a battery of tests that included two principal outcome measures, the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) (which measures cardiac physical function on a scale from 0 to 58, with higher scores indicating better function) and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Mental Health Inventory 5 (which measures psychological well-being). Structured quality-of-life interviews were performed at baseline and at 4, 12, and 24 months. Costs of treatment were assessed for 458 of 469 patients in the United States (98%), and 2-year cost-effectiveness was estimated.At 4 months, the medical-therapy group, as compared with the PCI group, had a clinically marginal decrease of 3.4 points in the DASI score (P=0.007). At 1 and 2 years, the differences were smaller. No significant differences in psychological well-being were observed. For the 469 patients in the United States, cumulative 2-year costs were approximately $7,000 higher in the PCI group (P<0.001), and the quality-adjusted survival was marginally longer in the medical-therapy group.PCI was associated with a marginal advantage in cardiac physical function at 4 months but not thereafter. At 2 years, medical therapy remained significantly less expensive than routine PCI and was associated with marginally longer quality-adjusted survival. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00004562.)
Payments for renal care need urgent change to tackle prevention, say doctors
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Patients in England with chronic kidney disease are being subject to preventable harm because outdated NHS payment systems are thwarting the development of new care models, say leading specialists.

Kidney doctors want the case for change to the tariff system to be treated more urgently, arguing that current funding systems are having a pernicious effect on the way care is delivered and making the current model unsustainable.

Hugh Rayner, a consultant nephrologist with the Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, said that the fault lay with tariffs that “incentivised” trusts to carry out “activity” such as renal …
Genetic clonal diversity predicts progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Carlo C Maley, Patricia C Galipeau, Jennifer C Finley, V Jon Wongsurawat, Xiaohong Li, Carissa A Sanchez, Thomas G Paulson, Patricia L Blount, Rosa-Ana Risques, Peter S Rabinovitch, Brian J Reid
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Disclosing Industry Relationships — Toward an Improved Federal Research Policy
Authors: Eric G. Campbell, Darren E. Zinner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Some types of academic–industry relationships are an essential component of the research enterprise in the life sciences. Empirical data show that more than half of academic scientists have such relationships, which most often involve consulting, receiving research funding, and providing scientific advice.1 These and other forms of industry relationships are significantly more common among the most productive academic scientists than among their less productive colleagues. Moreover, every academic institution that is involved in research most likely has some form of institutional relationship with industry.2 Academic–industry relationships have both benefits and risks. Whether through direct sponsorship of research or through advising, . . .
Endoscopic Resection of a Large Esophageal Leiomyoma
Authors: J. B. Chen, T. Kudzu, E. Hishikawa, S. Miyazaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

We report here the case of a 46-year-old man in whom a large tumor was detected in the lower third of the esophagus. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) showed that the tumor originated in the muscularis mucosae and that the submucosa was intact.