tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Upregulates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Fetal Pulmonary Artery Endothelium
Authors: Amy N. MacRitchie, Sandy S. Jun, Zhong Chen, Zohre German, Ivan S. Yuhanna, Todd S. Sherman, Philip W. Shaul
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

NO, produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), is a key mediator of pulmonary vasodilation during cardiopulmonary transition at birth. The capacity for NO production is maximal at term because pulmonary eNOS expression increases during late gestation. Since fetal estrogen levels rise markedly during late gestation and there is indirect evidence that the hormone enhances nonpulmonary NO production in adults, estrogen may upregulate eNOS in fetal pulmonary artery endothelium. Therefore, we studied the direct effects of estrogen on eNOS expression in ovine fetal pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). Estradiol-17beta caused a 2.5-fold increase in NOS enzymatic activity in PAEC lysates. This effect was evident after 48 hours, and it occurred in response to physiological concentrations of the hormone (10(-10) to 10(-6) mol/L). The increase in NOS activity was related to an upregulation in eNOS protein expression, and eNOS mRNA abundance was also enhanced. Estrogen receptor antagonism with ICI 182,780 completely inhibited estrogen-mediated eNOS upregulation, indicating that estrogen receptor activation is necessary for this response. In addition, immunocytochemistry revealed that fetal PAECs express estrogen receptor protein. Furthermore, transient transfection assays with a specific estrogen-responsive reporter system have demonstrated that the endothelial estrogen receptor is capable of estrogen-induced transcriptional transactivation. Thus, estrogen upregulates eNOS gene expression in fetal PAECs through the activation of PAEC estrogen receptors. This mechanism may be responsible for pulmonary eNOS upregulation during late gestation, thereby optimizing the capacity for NO-mediated pulmonary vasodilation at birth.
Minutes of Ophthalmic Section—A Correction.
Authors: Edward Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Denver, Col., Dec. 19,1894. <h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the number of theJournalfor September 15, in a report of remarks made by me before the Section on Ophthalmology, which report was published without my knowledge or revision, occurs a passage (page 419, foot of first column) so worded as to be capable of interpretation as a personal reflection on a fellow member of theAssociation. No such reflection was intended; and I am not aware that any one who heard my remarks so misunderstood them. My argument would have been better reported thus: "The Congress is not a representative body at all. It does not invite delegates from other associations. It has a different basis of membership. Others prominent in the work of this section intend to be present at the Congress, but it has not occurred to them that delegates should be appointed from this body. Dr. Savage
Monitoring and Evaluating Progress towards Universal Health Coverage in Singapore
Authors: Kelvin Bryan Tan, Woan Shin Tan, Marcel Bilger, Calvin W. L. Ho
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

This paper is a country case study for the Universal Health Coverage Collection, organized by WHO. Woan Shin Tan and colleagues illustrate progress towards UHC and its monitoring and evaluation in Singapore. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Mercury perchloride in surgery
Authors: D. Patey
Journal: BMJ (1967)

of exclusion advised have become progressively shorter.Perhaps the time is now ripe for a further revision, to take account of newer knowledge of periods of communicability.Uniformity of practice in excluding children from schools is very desirable, and difficulties arise when doctors follow their own individual fancies in this matter.In a school where the children are patients of different doctors one can imagine the con- fusion that can occur in a chicken-pox epidemic when Dr. A. excludes children for one week after the appearance of the rash, while Dr. B. keeps them off school until every last scab has fallen off.Teachers and parents who favoured Dr. B's approach would not hesitate to ascribe the natural progress of the disease through the school to Dr. A's " negligence " in letting the children return to school " too soon."School medical officers being naturally cautious souls, we tend to fall back on the advice given in the Ministry memorandum when consulted about this matter.There is real need for an authoritative up-to-date guideline on periods of exclusion from school.-I am, etc.,
The effects of excluding treatments from network meta-analyses: survey
Authors: E. J. Mills, S. Kanters, K. Thorlund, A. Chaimani, A.-A. Veroniki, J. P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To examine whether the exclusion of individual treatment comparators, including placebo/no treatment, affects the results of network meta-analysis. <b>Design</b> Survey of networks with individual trial data. <b>Data sources</b> PubMed and communication with authors of network meta-analyses. <b>Study selection and methods</b> We included networks that had five or more treatments, contained at least two closed loops, had at least twice as many studies as treatments, and had trial level data available. Investigators abstracted information about study design, participants, outcomes, network geometry, and the exclusion of eligible treatments. <b>Results</b> Among 18 eligible networks involving 757 randomised controlled trials with 750 possible treatment comparisons, 11 had upfront decided not to consider all treatment comparators and only 10 included placebo/no treatment nodes. In 7/18 networks, there was at least one node whose removal caused a more than 1.10-fold average relative change in the estimated treatments effects, and switches in the top three treatments were observed in 9/18 networks. Removal of placebo/no treatment caused large relative changes of the treatment effects (average change 1.16-3.10-fold) for four of the 10 networks that had originally included placebo/no treatment nodes. Exclusion of current uncommonly used drugs resulted in substantial changes of the treatment effects (average 1.21-fold) in one of three networks on systemic treatments for advanced malignancies. <b>Conclusion</b> Excluding treatments in network meta-analyses sometimes can have important effects on their results and can diminish the usefulness of the research to clinicians if important comparisons are missing.
Smoking, Serum Lipids, Blood Pressure, and Sex Differences in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Inger Njølstad, Egil Arnesen, Per G. Lund-Larsen
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Few epidemiological studies have investigated the relative importance of major coronary risk factors in the two sexes within the same study population. In particular, it is not clear whether smoking carries a similar risk of coronary heart disease in men and women.The associations between smoking, serum lipids, blood pressure, and myocardial infarction were examined in a population-based prospective study of 11,843 men and women aged 35 to 52 years at entry. During 12 years, 495 cases of first myocardial infarction among men and 103 cases among women were identified. Myocardial infarction incidence was 4.6 times higher among men. The incidence was increased sixfold in women and threefold in men who smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day compared with never-smokers, and the rate in female heavy smokers exceeded that of never-smoking men. Multivariate analysis identified current smoking as a stronger risk factor in women (relative risk, 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1 to 5.1) than in men (relative risk, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 2.3). Among those under 45 years old at entry, the smoking-related sex difference was more pronounced (in women: relative risk, 7.1; 95% CI, 2.6 to 19.1) (in men: relative risk, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 3.2). Serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure were also highly significant predictors in both sexes.Smoking was a stronger risk factor for myocardial infarction in middle-aged women than in men. Relative risks associated with serum lipids and blood pressure were similar despite large sex differences in myocardial infarction incidence rates.
Early Rising after Surgical Operations
Authors: Joseph Ashkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE question of when a patient should arise following an operation is one concerning which there has for many years been considerable divergence of opinion. There has been an increasing tendency to get patients out of bed early, but few surgeons, particularly those of this country, have advocated that patients walk from the operating table or become ambulatory twenty-four to forty-eight hours postoperatively. Surgeons who have adopted this routine claim that all postoperative complications such as pneumonia, wound infection, thrombosis and embolism are less frequent than they are in the mobilized patient. Shortly after the turn of the century, largely . . .
IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: B. L. CONNOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA IN THE UNITED KINGDOM Get access B. L. CONNOR B. L. CONNOR St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London WC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue s8, 1 June 1972, Pages 48–54, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb15415.x Published: 01 June 1972
Purification of circulating liver plasma membrane fragments using a monoclonal antileucine aminopeptidase antibody
Authors: J T Deng, M F Hoylaerts, E J Nouwen, M E De Broe, V O Van Hoof
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Membrane-bound liver alkaline phosphatase (Mem-LiALP, EC 3.1.3.1) is a high-molecular-mass liver alkaline phosphatase (ALP) present in metastatic, infiltrative and cholestatic liver disease. Shedding of hepatocyte plasma membrane fragments (LiPMF) is thought to be responsible for the appearance of Mem-LiALP in the circulation. Several other membrane-bound enzymes, such as γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and 5′-nucleotidase (5′-Nu) are present in the membrane of the shedded LiPMF. By means of immunohistochemical and immunoassay procedures, we presently show that AD-1, a specific monoclonal antibody originally produced against Mem-LiALP, reacts with LAP, a constituent of the human liver plasma membrane. Using AD-1 as an immunosorbant, we isolated circulating LiPMF from cholestatic sera to a high level of purity and separated it from other high-molecular-mass material, such as liver ALP ˜ lipoprotein-X complexes. These purified membrane fragments retained their biochemical characteristics. Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor bearing liver ALP (Anch-LiALP) could be released from the LiPMF by Triton X-100. Whereas ALP was released upon treatment of AD-1 purified LiPMF with phospholipase C, phospholipase D only cleaved the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor following detergent solubilization of the enzyme. Serum LiPMF from patients with different kinds of cholestatic liver disease were bound onto AD-1 coated nitrocellulose disks and the activity of four membrane-bound enzymes (LAP, ALP, 5′Nu, γ-GT) was analyzed. A considerable interindividual variation of enzyme activities was observed, suggesting some heterogeneity in the membrane composition of these fragments.
Targeting of functional antibody-CD59 fusion proteins to a cell surface
Authors: Hui-fen Zhang, Jinghua Yu, Ednan Bajwa, Sherie L. Morrison, Stephen Tomlinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Complement is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, and there is great interest in developing inhibitors of complement for therapeutic application. CD59 is a natural membrane-bound inhibitor of the cytolytic complement membrane attack complex (MAC). In this study, the preparation and characterization of antibody-CD59 (IgG-CD59) chimeric fusion proteins are described. Constructs were composed of soluble CD59 fused to an antibody-combining site at the end of CH1, after the hinge (H), and after CH3 Ig regions. The antigen specificity of each construct was for the hapten 5-dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl (dansyl). Correct folding of each IgG-CD59 fusion partner was indicated by recognition with anti-CD59 antibodies specific for conformational determinants and by IgG-CD59 binding to dansyl. The IgG-CD59 fusion proteins all bound specifically to dansyl-labeled Chinese hamster ovary cells and provided targeted cells, but not untargeted cells, with effective protection from complement-mediated lysis. Data indicate that CD59 must be positioned in close proximity to the site of MAC formation for effective function, and that modes of membrane attachment other than glycophosphatidylinositol linkage can affect CD59 functional activity.
American Cancer Society to survey US 'life-styles'
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The American Cancer Society (ACS) will conduct a study of American life-styles and environment over the next six years in an attempt to learn how ongoing changes may alter—for better or worse—the incidence of disease, especially cancer. The study, slated to begin Sept 1, will continue until at least 1988 and will involve more than 1 million Americans. Even with the aid of 85,000 unpaid volunteers, it is expected to cost more than $12 million—at least $2 million more than was estimated when the project first was announced a year ago (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1981;245:1518). The study will be about "equal in size but wider in scope" than a survey the ACS conducted from 1959 to 1972 with 68,000 volunteers. That study provided data that, among other things, pointed to the health consequences of cigarette smoking, encouraged exercise in coping with cardiovascular disease, and associated sexual activity at an early
Decitabine Up-regulates S100A2 Expression and Synergizes with IFN-γ to Kill Uveal Melanoma Cells
Authors: Jared A. Gollob, Catherine J. Sciambi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Metastatic uveal melanoma is resistant to conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated the responsiveness of uveal melanoma cell lines to IFNs and the hypomethylating agent decitabine. Experimental Design: The uveal melanoma cell lines 92-1, UW-1, OCM-1, and MKT-BR were exposed to varying concentrations of IFN-α, IFN-γ, and decitabine, alone and in combination. The effects of decitabine on gene expression were examined using DNA microarray analysis. Results: We found that IFN-γ and decitabine induced cell death in uveal melanoma. Whereas a high concentration of IFN-γ (1,000 units/mL) was required to induce cell death, we observed a dose-related increase in cell death when decitabine was used at a range of 0.1 to 10 μmol/L. Strikingly, 1 μmol/L decitabine synergized with 10 to 1,000 units/mL IFN-γ to induce massive cell death. In contrast, decitabine had no effect on three cutaneous melanoma cell lines and exhibited no synergy with either IFN. In uveal melanoma, decitabine up-regulated the expression of genes involved in growth control and apoptosis and down-regulated genes that have been implicated in the malignant phenotype of cutaneous melanoma. The gene up-regulated to the greatest degree by decitabine and whose expression showed a dose-effect across the three concentrations of decitabine was S100A2, a putative tumor suppressor. The genes modulated by decitabine in uveal melanoma were largely unaffected in cutaneous melanoma. Conclusions: These findings form a basis for testing the decitabine/IFN-γ combination in metastatic uveal melanoma and for exploring the role of S100A2 in the susceptibility of uveal melanoma to IFN-mediated cell death.
Dynamic Factors in Roentgen Diagnosis
Authors: Joseph E. Whitley
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Today's diagnostic radiology still rests largely on the anatomic foundation painstakingly built during the last 70 years of correlation with gross and microscopic pathology. This text points out some of the specialty's progress (and lack of it) to date in integrating with modern pathophysiology. The preface relates that Dr. Lasser is not attempting to comprehensively cover the physiologic factors underlying "roentgen anatomic diagnosis." His choices of areas for coverage are empirical but generally logical. The author presents us with a convenient-sized book arranged systematically. As in most books, the best-written chapters are about subjects in which the author has made original contributions. The section on the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tree proves this rule. However, in other areas, the author's interests cause a lack of balance in this brief text, as in the section on "the sphincters of the bowel," where those of the upper gastrointestinal tract are covered in
Differential effects of the various isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor on chemotaxis of fibroblasts, monocytes, and granulocytes.
Authors: A Siegbahn, A Hammacher, B Westermark, C H Heldin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The chemotactic activities of three different isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on fibroblasts, monocytes, and granulocytes of human origin were investigated. PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB induced strong, dose-dependent responses in both fibroblasts and monocytes, whereas PDGF-AA did not stimulate chemotaxis of these cell types. Instead, PDGF-AA inhibited the chemotactic activity of PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB on fibroblasts and monocytes. However, PDGF-AA was not able to block monocyte chemotaxis induced by FMLP. In contrast, in granulocytes, dose-dependent chemotactic responses were obtained with all three isoforms of PDGF. All isoforms gave maximal responses at concentrations between 5 and 20 ng/ml. At higher concentrations the migration was reduced. Reduction and alkylation of the PDGF molecule, which leads to loss of the mitogenic activity, also caused a loss of the chemotactic activities for all three cell types. The data suggest that the various isoforms of PDGF stimulate and inhibit chemotaxis in an isoform- and cell type-specific manner.
The Management of Severe Pulmonary Emphysema.
Authors: H. A. Lyons
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961The Management of Severe Pulmonary Emphysema.H. A. Lyons, M.D., F.A.C.P., W. H. Becker, M.D., G. Emmanuel, M.D., G. E. Torres, M.D.H. A. Lyons, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, W. H. Becker, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, G. Emmanuel, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, G. E. Torres, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1059_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe increasing incidence of obstructive pulmonary emphysema in our population demands critical appraisal of its therapeutic management. The impression is common that patients who suffer from such an advanced respiratory problem, and who become comatose, are beyond aid. This attitude is not sound. The present study will demonstrate 15 severely ill comatose patients who were treated by tracheotomy, intermittent positive pressure breathing, oxygen, and antibiotics: they recovered and continued to live for periods varying from two to four years. Serial arterial blood gases and other pulmonary modalities will be discussed. Arterial oxygen saturations as low as 40% were seen, with... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1059-1059KeywordsAntibioticsBloodBreathingComaEmphysemaOxygenTracheotomy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of radiocontrast agents on renal function in patients with cirrhosis and ascites
Authors: M. Guevara, G. Fernandez-Esparrach, P. Gines, B. Calahorra, O. Ozdogan, T. Testuccia, X. Montaya, C. Piera, M.L. Alvarez, W. Jimenex, V. Arroyo, J. Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Impact of Pressure Recovery on Echocardiographic Assessment of Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis: A SEAS Substudy
Authors: Edda Bahlmann, Dana Cramariuc, Eva Gerdts, Christa Gohlke-Baerwolf, Christoph A. Nienaber, Erlend Eriksen, Kristian Wachtell, John Chambers, Karl Heinz Kuck, Simon Ray
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Malignant Thyroid Teratoma: Report of an Aggressive Tumor in a 64-Year-Old Man
Authors: R. Vilallonga, C. Zafon, C. Ruiz-Marcellan, G. Obiols, J. M. Fort, J. A. Baena, B. Villanueva, A. Garcia, M. Sobrinho-Simões
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2013)
Induction of the base displacement or Z conformation in DNA by N-2-acetylaminofluorene modification
Authors: Regina M. Santella, Dezider Grunberger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Modification of deoxyguanosine at the C8 position by the carcinogen N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) has been shown to result in two different conformational changes dependent on the nucleotide sequence of the modified polymer. AAF modification of random sequence DNA results in a large distortion of the helix which is termed base displacement. In this conformation, the carcinogen is inserted into the DNA perpendicular to the helix axis with the guanosine displaced to the outside. Large single-stranded regions are generated which are susceptible to S1 nuclease digestion and react with anti-cytidine antibodies. A different conformation has been observed when the alternating purine pyrimidine copolymer, poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC) is modified. At a modification level of 28% this polymer shows a CD spectrum characteristic of the left-handed Z-DNA seen in the unmodified polymer at high ethanol or salt concentrations. Base pairing of the modified polymer remains intact as demonstrated by its resistance to digestion with S1 nuclease and lack of reactivity with anti-cytidine antibodies. Modification of poly(dG-m5dC)·poly(dG-m5dC) with AAF was also shown to induce the Z conformation. However, for this polymer, inversion of the CD spectrum takes place at a much lower modification level (10%) than for the nonmethylated polymer (&gt;20%). This polymer is also resistant to S1 nuclease digestion consistent with its adoption of the Z conformation with AAF modification. A possible role in gene expression for the Z conformation of AAF modified regions is discussed.
Food-bound B12 absorption and serum total homocysteine in patients with low serum B12 levels
Authors: Aaron Miller, D. Ward Slingerland, Charles A. Hall, Richard C. Chu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

This study was undertaken to determine whether measurements of serum total homocysteine (Hcys) and bound B12 absorption are useful in determining which patients with low- or low-normal levels of serum B12 are B12 deficient. In 40 patients with low or borderline serum levels of B12, food-bound B12 absorptions were determined using a body counter in an iron room, and were related to serum total Hcys levels. Food-bound B12 absorption was decreased in 16 patients and in an additional four, absorption of the free vitamin was also decreased. Homocysteine levels were elevated in four of the 16; in three of the four who had both decreased bound and free B12 absorptions, Hcys was elevated. If elevation of the Hcys level indicates tissue deficiency of B12, the 75% incidence of normal levels of Hcys in these patients with low food-bound B12 absorptions suggests the existence of a cohort of patients who may be at risk to develop, but have not yet developed, B12 deficiency. Only long term follow-up will reveal how many ultimately will become B12 deficient.