tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maternal and Gestational Factors and Micronucleus Frequencies in Umbilical Blood: The NewGeneris Rhea Cohort in Crete
Authors: Kim Vande Loock, Eleni Fthenou, Ilse Decordier, Georgia Chalkiadaki, Maria Keramarou, Gina Plas, Mathieu Roelants, Jos Kleinjans, Leda Chatzi, Franco Merlo, Manolis Kogevinas, Micheline Kirsch-Volders
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: The use of cancer-related biomarkers in newborns has been very limited.Objective: We investigated the formation of micronuclei (MN) in full-term and preterm newborns and their mothers from the Rhea cohort (Crete), applying for the first time in cord blood a validated semiautomated analysis system, in both mono- and binucleated T lymphocytes.Methods: We assessed MN frequencies in peripheral blood samples from the mothers and in umbilical cord blood samples. We calculated MN in mononucleated (MNMONO) and binucleated (MNBN) T lymphocytes and the cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) in 251 newborns (224 full term) and 223 mothers, including 182 mother–child pairs. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected.Results: We observed significantly higher MNBN and CBPI levels in mothers than in newborns. In newborns, MNMONO and MNBN were correlated (r = 0.35, p < 0.001), and we found a moderate correlation between MNMONO in mothers and newborns (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). MNMONO frequencies in newborns were positively associated with the mother's body mass index and inversely associated with gestational age and mother's age, but we found no significant predictors of MNBN or CBPI in newborns.Conclusions: Although confirmation is needed by a larger study population, the results indicate the importance of taking into account both mono- and binucleated T lymphocytes for biomonitoring of newborns, because the first reflects damage expressed during in vivo cell division and accumulated in utero, and the latter includes additional damage expressed as MN during the in vitro culture step.
Bare-Bones Fact — Children Are Not Small Adults
Authors: Laura K. Bachrach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines used for children are commonly extrapolated from studies conducted in adults. There are potential dangers in assuming that children will have the same response to disease or therapy as adults, given important physiological differences. For example, it is reasonable to question whether glucocorticoid excess will have the same skeletal effects in adults as in a growing child. Glucocorticoids are thought to threaten bone health through a number of mechanisms.1 They reduce bone formation by inhibiting the number and function of bone-building osteoblasts. Glucocorticoids also contribute to bone loss by stimulating calciuresis and impairing the intestinal absorption . . .
A Client Called Noah: A Family Journey Continued
Authors: Vanja A. Holm
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This book is a continuation of the story that began in<i>A Child Called Noah and unfolded in A Place for Noah</i>, books greeted with accolades for Mr Greenfield a few years back. Josh Greenfield is a writer who, when this book begins, lives in Los Angeles with his wife Foumi, an artist and a writer. They have two sons, Karl, who is in early to middle adolescence during the four years (1977 through 1980) covered in this edited personal journal, and Noah, who is autistic. The reader shares the experiences of a family living with a retarded autistic boy approaching his teens: the unpredictable, violent temper outbursts— the self-mutilations—the pinching and scratching of others—the toileting accidents. One also shares glimpses of joy: the occasional good walk—the rare understandable utterance. Noah's presence weaves through the lives of the family members. The marriage relationship becomes strained. Karl experiences teenage trouble. Mr
Regulation of LFA-1–dependent inflammatory cell recruitment by Cbl-b and 14-3-3 proteins
Authors: Eun Young Choi, Valeria V. Orlova, Susanna C. Fagerholm, Susanna M. Nurmi, Li Zhang, Christie M. Ballantyne, Carl G. Gahmberg, Triantafyllos Chavakis
Journal: Blood (2008)
Ventricular Arrhythmias and K+ Transfer during Myocardial Ischemia and Intervention with Procaine Amide, Insulin, or Glucose Solution*
Authors: Timothy J. Regan, Maureen A. Harman, Patrick H. Lehan, William M. Burke, Henry A. Oldewurtel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

To assess the relation of ventricular arrhythmias to myocardial K(+) movement during ischemia, we placed an electrode catheter in the left anterior descending coronary artery for thrombus production in intact anesthetized dogs. (85)Kr injections distal to the thrombus permitted serial coronary blood flow measurements. Animals of Group I with a moderate flow reduction exhibited no arrhythmia or myocardial egress of K(+). In Group II, marked flow reduction was accompanied by an injury potential and loss of K(+) from the ischemic site, before and during ventricular tachycardia. Therapeutic interventions were performed in animals having the same degree of ischemia as Group II. Systemic procaine amide in Group III interrupted the tachycardia and egress of K(+), despite persistent ischemia. Group IV did not respond to intracoronary insulin with K(+) uptake, as did normal dogs, and progressed to fibrillation. During the production of hyperglycemia in Group V, myocardial loss of K(+) ceased with maintenance of sinus rhythm. Hemodynamic factors did not appear to have a major role in the genesis of the arrhythmia.Since intracoronary infusion of K(+) in normal dogs similarly altered repolarization and produced fibrillation, it would appear that during ischemia egress of K(+) before development of the arrhythmia indicates a major role of the ion in pathogenesis. This view is supported by the myocardial loss of K(+) and arrhythmia induced in normal dogs by strophanthidin and by the fact that pharmacologic regulation of K(+) loss is associated with correction of the arrhythmia, despite persistence of low blood flow.
Common variation at 6p21.31 (BAK1) influences the risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Susan L. Slager, Christine F. Skibola, Maria Chiara Di Bernardo, Lucia Conde, Peter Broderick, Shannon K. McDonnell, Lynn R. Goldin, Naomi Croft, Amy Holroyd, Shelley Harris, Jacques Riby, Daniel J. Serie, Neil E. Kay, Timothy G. Call, Paige M. Bracci, Eran Halperin, Mark C. Lanasa, Julie M. Cunningham, Jose F. Leis, Vicki A. Morrison, Logan G. Spector, Celine M. Vachon, Tait D. Shanafelt, Sara S. Strom, Nicola J. Camp, J. Brice Weinberg, Estella Matutes, Neil E. Caporaso, Rachel Wade, Martin J. S. Dyer, Claire Dearden, James R. Cerhan, Daniel Catovsky, Richard S. Houlston
Journal: Blood (2012)
Court rules in favour of GMC's guidance on withholding treatment
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The General Medical Council last week won its appeal against a high court judgment that doctors feared could have forced them to provide futile or harmful treatments if patients demanded them.

The judgment, from Mr Justice Munby last July in the case of Leslie Burke, who has the degenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia, was hailed as a landmark ruling for patients' rights.

Mr Burke had challenged the GMC's guidelines on withholding and withdrawing life prolonging treatments. He feared that when he reached the point where he could no longer communicate his wishes doctors would decide that his quality of life was too poor to continue artificial nutrition and hydration …
Radial Immunodiffusion (RID) to Sandwich ELISA for the Quantitation of Fel d 1 and Amb a 1 in Cat and Short Ragweed Pollen Allergenic Extracts
Authors: S. Huynh, S. Menzies, T. Khurana, T. Lin, L. Yan, None N. deVore, J.E. Slater, R.L. Rabin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Comparative Effectiveness and the Future of Clinical Research in Diabetes
Authors: Sheldon Greenfield
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Comparative effectiveness research (CER) has a number of features that distinguish it from clinical research in general (1,2). CER is, in essence, framed by asking the core question: for a doctor and a patient, what is the best treatment for that patient in terms of both benefits and harms? To answer that question, the process essentially would require effective translation of the following issues: 1 ) head-to-head comparisons of the proposed interventions versus the best available alternatives; 2 ) emphasis on both benefits and harms, the harms often having the most immediate impact on the patients; 3 ) the examinations of effectiveness in key subgroups within a disease, so that a given patient and doctor can easily match the patient with that group; 4 ) the study of multiple relevant outcomes, each having adequate power to detect differences; and 5 ) the impact of the provider, and the differential quality rendered, especially in large multicenter trials. Highlighting these features has given rise to the notion that, in addition to classic randomized controlled trials (RCTs), “pragmatic” trials must be conducted. Further, observational studies carried out through registries or other databases need to be used to detect uncommon but important harms, to provide data on subgroups not included in trials or included in small numbers, and to evaluate the effectiveness of care in community settings. In short, the overarching goal of a comparative effectiveness exercise is to ask a very simple question, “Does an intervention work, and if so, for whom and …
Effect of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the respiratory mucosa in vitro
Authors: R.B. Dowling, M. Johnson, P.J. Cole, R. Wilson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the corticosteroid, fluticasone propionate (FP), on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the respiratory mucosa of an organ culture model in vitro. Organ cultures infected with P. aeruginosa had significantly (p< or =0.05) elevated levels of mucosal damage and significantly (p< or =0.05) less ciliated cells compared to controls. Preincubation of tissue with FP (10(-6) or 10(-5) but not 10(-7) M) prior to P. aeruginosa infection significantly (p< or =0.05) reduced the bacterially induced mucosal damage in a concentration-dependent manner. FP (10(-5) M) also significantly (p< or =0.05) prevented loss of ciliated cells. FP did not alter the density of bacteria adherent to the different mucosal features of the organ cultures, but did reduce total bacterial numbers due to the reduced amount of damaged tissue, which is a preferred site of P. aeruginosa adherence. It has previously been shown that the long-acting beta2-agonist salmeterol (4 x 10(-7)M) also reduces the mucosal damage caused by P. aeruginosa infection, probably via elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations. Preincubation of tissue with both 10(-7)M FP and 10(-7)M salmeterol, concentrations at which they did not by themselves influence the effect of P. aeruginosa infection, significantly (p< or =0.05) reduced P. aeruginosa-induced loss of cilia. However, there was no additional benefit from adding 4 x 10(-7)M salmeterol to 10(-6)M FP. In conclusion fluticasone propionate reduced mucosal damage caused by P. aeruginosa infection in vitro and preserved ciliated cells. There was a synergistic action with salmeterol in the preservation of ciliated cells.
THE HEMATOPORPHYRIN TREATMENT OF DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSES
Authors: Leslie R. Angus
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1936)

1. Forty-one cases of which depression was an outstanding symptom have been treated with hematoporphyrin, with laboratory controls. All the cases were under hospital care; by far the majority of long standing; and many had had previous courses of treatment of various types without any improvement. 2. Of this series 14 were manic-depressives of the depressed type, 1 manic-depressive mixed, 11 involutional melancholias, 9 schizophrenics, 3 psychoneurotics and 3 miscellaneous with some organic factors. 3. Six of the manic-depressives, 1 schizophrenic and 1 psychoneurotic recovered or were much improved; of the balance 10 were improved, 5 showed slight improvement, and 18 were unaffected. 4. In all cases improved and unaffected, the blood calcium level and the blood sugar level fell, though all these occurred to a more marked degree in the former group. The sugar tolerance curves fell in the improved group and to a less degree in some of the unimproved cases, though it remained constant or even rose in some of the latter. The improved cases showed a slight loss of weight or at most a very slight gain, while in the unimproved cases the weight in general definitely increased. The basal metabolic rate increased slightly in the improved cases, but in the majority of all cases was within normal limits. The N. P. N. increased very slightly in the cases which did not improve, but fell correspondingly little in those cases which recovered or were improved. There was a general tendency in all cases to a decreased white blood count. In the improved cases the red counts increased, while it fell in the group which remained stationary; the hemoglobin value was unchanged in the former and fell in the latter.
Sequential Cytarabine and α-Particle Immunotherapy with Bismuth-213–Lintuzumab (HuM195) for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Todd L. Rosenblat, Michael R. McDevitt, Deborah A. Mulford, Neeta Pandit-Taskar, Chaitanya R. Divgi, Katherine S. Panageas, Mark L. Heaney, Suzanne Chanel, Alfred Morgenstern, George Sgouros, Steven M. Larson, David A. Scheinberg, Joseph G. Jurcic
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Lintuzumab (HuM195), a humanized anti-CD33 antibody, targets myeloid leukemia cells and has modest single-agent activity against acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To increase the potency of the antibody without the nonspecific cytotoxicity associated with β-emitters, the α-particle-emitting radionuclide bismuth-213 ((213)Bi) was conjugated to lintuzumab. This phase I/II trial was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and antileukemic effects of (213)Bi-lintuzumab, the first targeted α-emitter, after partially cytoreductive chemotherapy.
Role of β1‐ and α2c‐adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and their combination in heart failure: A case‐control study
Authors: Marco Metra, Claudia Zani, Loredana Covolo, Savina Nodari, Natalia Pezzali, Umberto Gelatti, Francesco Donato, Giuseppe Nardi, Livio Dei Cas
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
An Assessment of Transbronchial Lung Biopsy
Authors: Neil T. Feldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

For the patient with diffuse lung disease, lung biopsy has been a formidable procedure, and the clinician caring for such a patient has had to weigh most carefully the advantages of a tissue diagnosis against the potential risks of the biopsy procedure. Numerous technics for lung biopsy have been developed, and present a confusing array to the clinician faced with the management of a patient with a pulmonary lesion that requires a tissue diagnosis. Open-lung biopsy serves as the standard for diagnostic yield but causes a definite patient morbidity related to general anesthesia, postoperative pain and chest tubes. In addition, . . .
18F-FDG PET/CT in Primary Right Eyelid Lymphoma
Authors: Wen-Hong Wang, Feng-Hua Zhan, Ya-Jun Li, Chun-Jiang Dang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 74-year-old man with right upper eyelid swell accepted FDG PET/CT examination, which showed an intensely FDG-avid soft tissue nodular mass within the eyelid. It was suggestive of malignancy. There was no evidence of active neoplastic disease elsewhere. The nodule was excised by surgery. Histopathological findings showed characteristic findings of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This case highlights the utility of FDG PET/CT in identifying rare types of lymphoma.
FireMaster BP-6: fractionation, metabolic and enzyme induction studies.
Authors: S Safe, J Kohli, A Crawford
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

FireMaster BP-6 is a commercial polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) preparation containing a complex mixture of isomers with the major component being identified as 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl. Column chromatographic techniques have been developed in which the crude FireMaster is separated into three fractions, F1, F2, and F3, in increasing order of polarity. F1 consists of highly purified 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (94%) whereas F2-F3 contain less of this isomer and correspondingly more of the other bromobiphenyl components. Previously we have shown that crude FireMaster BP-6 is metabolized in mammals to give hydroxylated degradation products and the metabolism of F1, not unexpectedly, gives comparable results. It is well known that PBBs are effective inducers of diverse microsomal enzymes including including the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) system. The effects of FireMaster BP-6 and F1-F3 as AHH inducers have been investigated by using the following approach: the substrates used to monitor AHH activity are model halogenated aromatic compounds; the levels of metabolites and metabolite conjugates formed have been quantitated for control and induced enzymes; the levels of macromolecular adducts have also been quantitated for the inducers. This approach thus not only measures the rate of increase of detoxification products (metabolites and metabolite conjugates) but also monitors the macromolecule adduct formation which represents a toxification route. The effects of the PBBs as AHH inducers will be discussed in terms of the above approach.
Gene Expression Profiles Distinguish Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis from Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Authors: Moises Selman, Annie Pardo, Lourdes Barrera, Andrea Estrada, Susan R. Watson, Keith Wilson, Natasha Aziz, Naftali Kaminski, Albert Zlotnik
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Many of the interstitial lung diseases represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge because their clinical and even histologic features are often nonspecific. Likewise, the transcriptional signatures of most of them are unknown.To compare the gene expression patterns from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) using custom oligonucleotide microarrays.We profiled lung biopsies from 15 patients with IPF, 12 with HP, and eight with NSIP. Labeled complementary ribonucleic acid was hybridized to a custom Affymetrix oligonucleotide DNA microarray using standard Affymetrix protocols. The custom array, Hu03, contained 59,619 probe sets representing an estimated 46,000 gene clusters.We identified statistically significant gene expression signatures that characterize HP and IPF. The HP gene expression signature was enriched for genes that are functionally associated with inflammation, T-cell activation, and immune responses, whereas the IPF signature was characterized by the expression of tissue remodeling, epithelial, and myofibroblast genes. We then compared these gene expression signatures to classify NSIP, a histologic pattern that is often difficult to differentiate consistently from HP and IPF. Two cases exhibited an IPF-like gene expression, another one could be more properly classified as HP, whereas others did not resemble HP or IPF, suggesting that they may represent idiopathic NSIP.Our results underscore the value of gene expression signatures to classify the interstitial lung diseases and to understand pathogenic mechanisms, and suggest new ways to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with these diseases.
AGE AND GENDER-SPECIFIC PULMONARY ARTERY MEASUREMENTS BY MULTI-DETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY
Authors: Quynh A. Truong, Joseph M. Massaro, Ian S. Rogers, Amir A. Mahabadi, Caroline S. Fox, Christopher J. O’ Donnell, Udo Hoffmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase: A Molecular Link between Metabolism, Inflammation, and Cancer
Authors: Mara Gallí, Frédéric Van Gool, Anthony Rongvaux, Fabienne Andris, Oberdan Leo
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Beyond its well-described role in cellular metabolism, intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels have been shown to affect the enzymatic activity of a series of NAD-dependent enzymes, influencing biological responses such as cell survival and inflammation. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase activity has been shown to be essential for maintaining adequate intracellular NAD levels, suggesting that this enzyme may in fact play a central role in modulating the activity of a wide range of NAD-dependent enzymes. Several recent observations concur with this hypothesis and suggest that by regulating NAD availability, Nampt is able to control both cell viability and the inflammatory response. Nampt may thus represent a novel pharmacological target with valuable anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties.
A Systemic Disease Manifested by Joint Changes and Dysphagia
Authors: Robert A. Nebesar, James J. Pollard
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. Roland G. Ware: This 57-year-old white female first came to the Massachusetts General Hospital 12 years ago with the complaint of pain in both of her hands. She had first experienced pain in her left shoulder, left arm, and left index finger 30 years ago, but it was not until 14 years later that she sought medical advice for these intermittent pains which at that time had begun to involve her knees and shoulders. She began to notice blanching and numbness of her fingers on exposure to cold in association with tightness of the skin and stiffness of the joints two years later. A diagnosis of Raynaud's disease was made, and she was treated with vasodilators. A few months after this she began to have severe pain and swelling of other peripheral joints and also noted considerable fatigue and muscular weakness. For many years she had experienced a retrosternal
Study links drugs for Alzheimer's disease with reduced risk of heart attack and death
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Patients taking cholinesterase inhibitors for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease have been found to have a lower risk of heart attack and death than patients who have never taken the drugs, a Swedish study has found.1

Researchers from Umea University in Sweden followed 7073 people with Alzheimer’s disease who were on the Swedish Dementia Registry from May 2007 to December 2010. They found that those patients who had been taking cholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, had a 36% lower risk of death from any cause than people not taking the drugs: 427 of 5159 (8.3%) who were …
SIMPLE GINGIVITIS, ITS ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT.
Authors: George T Carpenter
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Disease of the human gums, in these days of advanced civilization, is very common and almost universal. In fact, it is a rare thing to find gums that are in all their margins perfectly free from irritation, inflammation, hypertrophy, atrophy, or absorption, and many will show evidence of gingival ulceration. At three previous meetings of this Section I have presented papers closely connected with the present subject. The conditions then studied were the result of advanced inflammatory or suppurative processes; but by the term "simple gingivitis" I include only that condition of the gum margin about the necks of the teeth, known as the gingiva, that shows the slightest departure from health, but is fully established and persistent in its nature. It is the purpose of this paper to take gingival irritation in its simplest form and point out its etiology and treatment, and in this way prevent the subsequent