tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE SEPARATE EFFECTS OF HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, HYPERCALCEMIA OF MALIGNANCY, RENAL FAILURE, AND ACIDOSIS ON THE STATE OF CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE, AND OTHER IONS IN PLASMA*
Authors: Mackenzie Walser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

The physiological properties of calcium are functions of free ionic calcium.1 Total plasma calcium may fail to reflect the free calcium ion concentration, particularly in subjects with acidosis or alkalosis, or with abnormal concentrations of protein or phosphate.The determination of free ionic calcium is therefore important, not only in interpretation of plasma calcium values, but also in understanding mechanisms of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia, and the relationship of plasma calcium to plasma phosphate.The frog heart method of McLean and Hastings (4) for determining ionized calcium has provided much useful information but remains a difficult and somewhat unpredictable technique.Furthermore, it gives no clue as to the effective phosphate concentration and, therefore, to the mineralizing propensity of the blood.Yendt, Connor and Howard (5) showed that the tendency of plasma to calcify rachitic cartilage could be employed as a measure of mineralizing propensity.This index did not show a constant relationship to the product of ultrafiltrable calcium by ultrafiltrable phosphate in patients, especially in renal failure, in which calcification failed to occur at products that were more than adequate in non-uremic plasma.This observation implied that the ionization of calcium or phosphorus, or both, is reduced in renal failure or, alternatively, that some other constituents are inhibiting calcification.In 1955, Raaflaub (6) introduced a chemical method for determining ionized calcium in pro-* Supported by U.S. Public Health Service Grants A-2306 and OG-li.Some of this material has been presented previously in abstract form (1-3). 1 The role of ion-pair complexes, in which calcium is believed to be ionized but not free, is reviewed in the Discussion.tein-free fluids with murexide.Results obtained with this method, referred to below, have generally confirmed the conclusions derived from ex- periments with the frog heart technique, both in TABLE I Clinical data, hypercalcemic subjects Bone Renal Alk.
Assessment of hyperinflation in children with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: J Marchant, D M Hansell, A Bush
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Radiological estimates of hyperinflation are used in several clinical and radiographic scoring systems for cystic fibrosis, but it is not known if these estimates of hyperinflation are related to measured total lung capacity. METHODS--Comparison was made of independent clinical estimates of hyperinflation from chest radiographs with objective plethysmographic and radiographic measurements of total lung capacity in 25 children with cystic fibrosis. RESULTS--There was good agreement between plethysmographic and radiographic measurements. Clinical estimation correctly predicted the extremes of hyperinflation, but grading was no more than 50% accurate in all other groups. CONCLUSION--The degree of hyperinflation cannot be estimated by inspecting chest radiographs in many children with cystic fibrosis. This does not invalidate the scoring systems, but suggests that a better term than "hyperinflation" should be sought.
PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, GONORRHOEA RATES, AND CHANGED SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN HOMOSEXUAL MEN IN LONDON
Authors: C.A Carne, A.M Johnson, F Pearce, A Smith, R.S Tedder, I.V.D Weller, C Loveday, A Hawkins, P Williams, M.W Adler
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension
Authors: Romano Nosadini, Paola Fioretto, Roberto Trevisan, Gaetano Crepaldi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Contrasting results have been reported regarding the prevalence of hypertension in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), showing a slightly higher or normal percentage of IDDM patients with elevated blood pressure levels than in the general population. Most of the cross-sectional and prospective studies on the prevalence of hypertension in IDDM show an association between microalbuminuria and elevated blood pressure levels. However, it is not clear whether hypertension is simply secondary to kidney damage or whether hypertension occurs with or even before the development of impaired kidney function. Patients with IDDM have a higher exchangeable body Na+ pool. Na+ retention in IDDM is accounted for by several metabolic and hormonal abnormalities such as hyperglycemia, hyperketonemia, hyperinsulinemia, altered secretion, and resistance to atrial natriuretic peptide. High blood pressure appears to be dependent, at least at some phase, on expansion of extracellular fluid volume as a consequence of defects in the renal secretion of Na+ and water. On the other hand, a tendency toward Na+ retention characterizes all patients with IDDM, whereas hypertension develops only in a subgroup of diabetic patients. One possible explanation for these findings is that a genetic predisposition plays a role in creating susceptibility to hypertension and perhaps to diabetic nephropathy independent of diabetes, even if Na+ retention can further deteriorate this susceptibility to hypertension. With regard to this issue, it has recently been suggested that the risk of kidney disease in patients with IDDM is associated with a genetic predisposition to hypertension. Furthermore, diabetic nephropathy occurs in familial clusters, because diabetic siblings of nephropathic diabetic patients show a higher frequency of diabetic nephropathy than the diabetic siblings of nonnephropathic diabetic patients. One of the possible genetic markers that could be useful to identify the diabetic patients with susceptibility to hypertension and diabetic nephropathy is the Na+-Li+ countertransport activity in erythrocytes.
Acid-Base Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Infants with Metabolic Acidosis
Authors: Morris S. Albert, W.Joseph Rahill, Luis Vega, Robert W. Winters
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IT is widely recognized that hyperventilation occurs as a compensatory event in metabolic acidosis. The details of the mechanisms mediating this secondary response, however, are not completely clear. Recently, Mitchell and his co-workers1 proposed a comprehensive hypothesis to explain the chemical regulation of respiration in this and other disorders of acid–base equilibrium. The hypothesis envisions an interaction of respiratory stimuli arising from or related to changes in the acid–base composition of the blood, mediated through peripheral chemoreceptors, and those arising from the altered acid–base composition of the cerebrospinal fluid, mediated through medullary chemoreceptors sensitive to cerebrospinal-fluid pH. The drive to . . .
Fluoride-Calcium Deposition in Neoplastic Osteolytic Lesions.
Authors: Howard R. Bierman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Fluoride-Calcium Deposition in Neoplastic Osteolytic Lesions.Howard R. Bierman, M.D., F.A.C.P., Melvin L. Winer, M.D., Ervin T. Kovacs, M.D., John A. Bruner, M.D.Howard R. Bierman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Melvin L. Winer, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ervin T. Kovacs, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John A. Bruner, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1105_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIodine-131 and flourine-18 concentrate selectively in neoplastic osseous lesions. Nonradioactive fluorides (NaF, Na2PO8F, and KF) have been administered orally during the past 4 years to patients with neoplastic bone lesions arising from the breast, lung, kidney, pancreas, colon, and multiple myeloma in doses of 25 to 200 mg/day. Increased opacification in osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions was demonstrated by roentgenography within 4 to 6 months in 30 patients (40%) and was characterized by a dense, irregular, but diffuse sclerotic pattern.Relief of bone pain preceded and often coincided with the sclerotic densification. Postmortem findings of increased hardness of these bones were... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Beverly Hills, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDisorders of Mineral Metabolism in MalignancyHypercalcemia Associated with Neoplastic DiseaseFRANCO M. MUGGIA, M.D., HENRY O. HEINEMANN, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1105-1105KeywordsBoneColonDiagnostic radiologyKidneysLesionsLungsMultiple myelomaPancreas Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Streptococcal Infection
Authors: Gabor Czoniczer, Martin Lees, Benedict F. Massell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

ALTHOUGH rheumatic fever can usually be prevented by the penicillin treatment of streptococcal respiratory infections, a sizable number of patients with acute rheumatic fever are still being seen on the wards of the House of the Good Samaritan. Because of this experience the medical histories of 105 recently admitted patients were reviewed for the following purposes: to determine the reasons for the continuing occurrence of this disease despite the availability of an effective method of prevention; and to ascertain the characteristic symptoms of streptococcal infection and thus to be able to make recommendations for effective therapy.The patients whose histories . . .
Crowdsourcing genetic prediction of clinical utility in the Rheumatoid Arthritis Responder Challenge
Authors: Robert M. Plenge, Jeffrey D. Greenberg, Lara M. Mangravite, Jonathan M. J. Derry, Eli A. Stahl, Marieke J. H. Coenen, Anne Barton, Leonid Padyukov, Lars Klareskog, Peter K. Gregersen, Xavier Mariette, Larry W. Moreland, S Louis Bridges, Niek de Vries, Tom W. J. Huizinga, Henk-Jan Guchelaar, Stephen H. Friend, Gustavo Stolovitzky
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)

OPENand a variety of analytical methods to build predictive polygenic models of treatment response.We recently published a genomewide association study (GWAS) in ~2,700 patients with RA treated with anti-TNF therapy 6 .Our GWAS data indicate that the genetic architecture of the anti-TNF response is probably highly polygenic, similar to what has been observed for other complex traits, such as risk of RA 7 .Importantly, our challenge will incorporate a new GWAS data set, which will be used in the validation phase, in which models built in the discovery phase are tested.The data set of ~1,100 patients with RA treated with anti-TNF therapy will be made available though Discovery (phase 1) Challenge-assisted peer review Publication peer review Validation (phase 2) Submit models Polygenic SNP predictor of response Re ne model Open collaboration Score models Publication GWAS of treatment response in RA (n ≈ 2,700 patients) GWAS of treatment response in RA (n ≈ 1,100 patients) Genomic data (e.g., expression pro ling)
Fascioliasis--A Large Outbreak
Authors: E. W. Hardman, R. L. H. Jones, A. H. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Forty-four cases of liver fluke infestation (fascioliasis hepatica) were diagnosed near Chepstow, Monmouthshire, in 1968. Intramuscular emetine hydrochloride and oral chloroquine given to the adults and children, respectively, were well tolerated. Assessment by repeated stool examination, complement fixation and liver function tests, and full blood counts indicated that treatment had been effective in most cases. It is recommended that both the growth and the sale of watercress should be strictly controlled.
The Combined Effect of Triple Therapy With Rosiglitazone, Metformin, and Insulin Aspart in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mikael Kjær Poulsen, Jan Erik Henriksen, Ole Hother-Nielsen, Henning Beck-Nielsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Type 2 diabetes is caused by reduced insulin secretion and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver. We tested the combination therapy with insulin aspart, rosiglitazone, and metformin with the purpose of treating all three defects in order to test the hypothesis that this "triple therapy" will normalize glucose metabolism.Sixteen obese type 2 diabetic outpatients on human NPH or MIX (regular + NPH insulin) insulin twice daily were randomized to either triple therapy, i.e., insulin aspart (a rapid-acting insulin analog) at meals, metformin (which improves hepatic insulin sensitivity), and rosiglitazone (which improves peripheral insulin sensitivity), or to continue their NPH or MIX insulin twice daily for 6 months. Insulin doses were adjusted in both groups based on algorithms. HbA(1c), insulin dose, hypoglycemic episodes, insulin sensitivity (clamp), hepatic glucose production (tracer), and diurnal profiles of plasma glucose and insulin were used in evaluating treatment.In the triple therapy group, HbA(1c) declined from 8.8 to 6.8% (P < 0.01) without inducing severe hypoglycemic events. Postprandial hyperglycemia was generally avoided, and the diurnal profile of serum insulin showed fast and high peaks without any need to increase insulin dose. In the control group, the insulin dose was increased by 50%, but nevertheless both HbA(1c) and 24-h blood glucose profiles remained unchanged. Insulin sensitivity improved in both skeletal muscle and the liver in the triple therapy group, whereas no change was observed in the control group.We conclude that treatment of the three major pathophysiological defects in type 2 diabetic subjects by triple therapy significantly improved glucose metabolism in obese type 2 diabetic subjects.
A Lesson in Poverty
Authors: Daniel Sijipunda Dube
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters3 June 2003A Lesson in PovertyDaniel Sijipunda Dube, MDDaniel Sijipunda Dube, MDEast Tennessee State University; Johnson City, TN 37614-0622Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-11-200306030-00018-w2 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Das's account of her experience on returning to India after training in the United States highlights the challenges faced by many foreign-trained doctors seeking to relocate to their countries of origin (1). Integrating returning foreign-trained physicians into an environment that is demographically distinct from that of their most recent practice is complicated by the fact that most developing countries do not have the planning and organizational resources to efficiently utilize new and innovative skills. Foreign-trained doctors returning from some European locations not infrequently become deskilled because of less structured and inappropriate-caliber training for their level of ...References1. Das A. A lesson in poverty. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:544. [PMID: 12230358] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Richards T. The Overseas Doctors Training Scheme: failing expectations. BMJ. 1994;308:1627-31. [PMID: 7993422] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: East Tennessee State University; Johnson City, TN 37614-0622 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoA Lesson in Poverty Ananya Das Metrics 3 June 2003Volume 138, Issue 11Page: W-52KeywordsPrevention, policy, and public health ePublished: 3 June 2003 Issue Published: 3 June 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
HLA-DO polymorphism associated with resistance to type I diabetes detected with monoclonal antibodies, isoelectric point differences, and restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Authors: G M Schreuder, M G Tilanus, R E Bontrop, G J Bruining, M J Giphart, J J van Rood, R R de Vries
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

A new HLA-DQ-related genetic system with two alleles, 2B3 and TA10, defined serologically by MAbs and alloantisera, showed an almost perfect correlation with charge differences on DQ beta molecules, as well as with two polymorphic DNA fragments hybridizing with a DQ beta probe and various restriction enzymes on a panel of 14 DR4+ homozygous typing cells. It was therefore concluded that the serologically defined alleles 2B3 and TA10 are coded by the DQ beta gene and situated on the HLA-DQ beta chain. This 2B3/TA10 polymorphism is independent of HLA-D and segregates with HLA in families. The TA10 allele appears to be a new marker for resistance to type I diabetes, which is independent from the known resistance marker DR2, whereas no association was observed between this DQ beta polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis.
Multiple Potential Risks for Stroke
Authors: Louis R. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Predicting the Nuclear Localization Signals of 107 Types of HPV L1 Proteins by Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Jun Yang, Yi-Li Wang, Lü-Sheng Si
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2006)

Abstract In this study, 107 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 protein sequences were obtained from available databases, and the nuclear localization signals (NLSs) of these HPV L1 proteins were analyzed and predicted by bioinformatic analysis. Out of the 107 types, the NLSs of 39 types were predicted by PredictNLS software (35 types of bipartite NLSs and 4 types of monopartite NLSs). The NLSs of the remaining HPV types were predicted according to the characteristics and the homology of the already predicted NLSs as well as the general rule of NLSs. According to the result, the NLSs of 107 types of HPV L1 proteins were classified into 15 categories. The different types of HPV L1 proteins in the same NLS category could share the similar or the same nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway. They might be used as the same target to prevent and treat different types of HPV infection. The results also showed that bioinformatic technology could be used to analyze and predict NLSs of proteins.
P919 EXTERNAL EUROPEAN VALIDATION OF A MULTICENTER MODEL FOR DONOR–RECIPIENT MATCHING IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: M.D. Ayllon, R. Ciria, R. Valente, M. Cruz-Ramirez, M. Perez-Ortiz, C. Hervas, M. Rela, J. O'Grady, M. De la Mata, N.D. Heaton, J. Briceno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Discordance between changes in the gut microbiota and pathogenicity in a mouse model of spontaneous colitis
Authors: Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz, Kirk Bergstrom, Vincent Peng, Robert Schmaltz, Roberto Jimenez-Cardona, Nathan Marsteller, Sam McGee, Thomas Clavel, Ruth Ley, Jianxin Fu, Lijun Xia, Daniel A Peterson
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

Under conventional conditions, mice deficient in core 1-derived O-glycans (TM-IEC C1galt1(-/-)), which have a defective mucus layer, experienced spontaneous inflammation of the colon. Analysis of fecal bacterial populations by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene showed that disease in conventional TM-IEC C1galt1(-/-) was associated with shifts in the microbiota manifested by increases in Lactobacillus and Clostridium species, and decreases in unclassified Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Under germ-free (GF) conditions, TM-IEC C1galt1(-/-) presented decreased goblet cells, but did not develop inflammation. Monoassociation of GF TM-IEC C1galt1(-/-) revealed that bacterial species differ significantly in their ability to induce inflammatory changes. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron caused inflammation, while Lactobacillus johnsonii (enriched during colitis) did not. These observations demonstrate that not all microbiota shifts that correlate with disease contribute to pathogenesis.
Septic Endocarditis and Indwelling Pulmonary Artery Catheters
Authors: John F. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A pulmonary artery catheter removed from a man with idiopathic cardiomyopathy yielded Staphylococcus aureus in culture, as did blood and sputum. Septic endocarditis of the right side of the heart was found at autopsy. A review of 438 autopsy reports in which an indwelling pulmonary catheter had been used and of another 493 reports preceding its use at our medical center suggests no association between the use of indwelling catheters in the right side of the heart and endocarditis in the left, although there is a risk of thrombotic endocardial vegetation formation in the right side of the heart, with possible infection or embolization.
Attachment of a physician's assistant to an English general practice.
Authors: B L Reedy, T I Stewart, J B Quick
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A final-year student from the physician's associate programme at Duke University in North Carolina, USA, worked in an English health centre for eight weeks between May and July. He managed 221 cases under supervision, and they were typical in terms of sex ratio, diagnosis, and the preponderance of children. Current social and economic trends in Britain suggest that selective under-doctoring, especially in inner urban areas, may become acute, and a type of physician's assistant specially selected and trained for the work in areas with serious and unusual problems should be considered as among the possible, even desirable, solutions.
LEVELS OF HOMOTYPIC NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY IN HUMAN POLIOMYELITIS THREE YEARS AFTER INFECTION
Authors: Johan Winsser, Albert B. Sabin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Quantitative neutralization tests in monkeys were carried out on sera obtained from 7 patients, 3 months, and 3 years after an attack of poliomyelitis. The serum specimens were tested against 100 to 1000 PD(50) of the patient's own strain of virus, recovered during the acute phase of the illness; all the strains were Type 1. The 6 patients, aged 6 months to 13 years, who had a paralytic attack of the disease, all exhibited very high levels of neutralizing antibody at 3 years as well as at 3 months after onset. The 50 per cent serum dilution titers ranged from about 1:180 to at least 1:860. Since the maximum titers were not established, it is not known to what extent, if any, the level of antibody may have dropped over the 3 year period. One of the patients, with a diagnosis of non-paralytic poliomyelitis, had a negligible or questionable antibody response during convalescence and no demonstrable antibody at 3 years; there is justifiable doubt as to whether the Type 1 poliomyelitis virus recovered from this patient had actually caused infection. Tests for Lansing neutralizing antibody indicated that the 5 patients who had no evidence of previous infection with Type 2 poliomyelitis virus had not become infected with it during the 3 year period. This suggested that these patients did not live in an environment in which infection with poliomyelitis virus is frequent. It is concluded, therefore, that in human beings, paralytic infections due to Type 1 poliomyelitis virus produce large amounts of homotypic neutralizing antibody, which persists at high levels for a period of at least 3 years.