tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Next-generation Sequencing in the Diagnosis of Metabolic Disease Marked by Pediatric Cataract
Authors: Rachel L. Gillespie, Jill Urquhart, Beverley Anderson, Simon Williams, Sarah Waller, Jane Ashworth, Susmito Biswas, Simon Jones, Fiona Stewart, I. Christopher Lloyd, Jill Clayton-Smith, Graeme C.M. Black
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
Abstract 4726: How Reliable is Left Atrial Volume in Estimating Left Atrial Pressure in Advanced Heart Failure Patients? Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic and Catheterization Studies
Authors: Antonietta Evangelista, Jayanta Mukherjee, Linda Ordway, Maria Chiara Scali, Stefano Caselli, Concetta Torromeo, Carlo Gaudio, Stefano DeCastro, David DeNofrio, H. Joachim Nesser, Jeffrey T Kuvin, Ayan R Patel, Natesa G Pandian
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Previous work has suggested that left atrial (LA) size reflects LA pressure but direct correlative studies of pressure and volume are scant. Furthermore, evaluation of LA size has typically been based on 1-dimensional measures or 2D echo-derived LA area or volume. The aim of this study was to explore whether 3D LA volume could accurately indicate LA pressure in advanced heart failure (HF) patients, in whom filling pressure estimation is clinically relevant. We studied 32 patients with advanced HF both with 3D echo (3DE) performed simultaneously or close to the time of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) measurement by cardiac catheterization. From full volume 3D data sets of the left heart, maximum LA volume (MaxLAV) and minimum LA volume (MinLAV), and volumes indexed to body surface area (MaxMAVI and MinLAVI) were calculated. Mean PCWP was obtained from standard invasive recordings. Results: The mean LVEF was 23±8. The MaxLAV was 101±38 ml with a range of 34 to 173. MaxLAVI was 50±16 ml/m2 with a range of 19 to 81. MinLAV was 76±37 with a range of 19 to 145. MinLAVI was 38±16 ml/m2, with a range of 12 to 72. The PCWP (mm Hg) was 21±8 with a range of 2 to 34. The correlation between PCWP, and MaxLAV, MaxLAVI, MinLAV and MinLAVI were respectively r=0.193, p=0.28; r=0.25, p=0.16; r=0.24, p=0.17; and r=0.31, p=0.08. Within the group, there were some patients with normal or low PCW but with larger LA volumes (&gt;median) while some patients with high filling pressures did not necessarily have higher LA volumes. Conclusion: In advanced HF patients, maximum or minimum LA volumes do not correlate with PCWP. LA remodeling and depletion of LA volume reserve in these patients is most likely responsible for the lack of correlation. Thus, in advanced HF patients, LA volume cannot be used to assess left heart filling pressure.
Ongoing outbreak of mumps affecting adolescents and young adults in Bavaria, Germany, August to October 2010
Authors: W Otto, A Mankertz, S Santibanez, H Saygili, J Wenzel, W Jilg, W F Wieland, S Borgmann
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

Since the introduction of a two-dose MMR vaccination regime the incidence of mumps virus infections has substantially declined. However, mumps outbreaks have recently been reported from several countries. Here we report an ongoing mumps outbreak in Germany. Between 1 July and 31 October, 115 infections have been laboratory-confirmed. Reported complications include one case of meningitis and 21 cases of orchitis, suggesting a high rate of complications. We suggest a vaccination campaign for young adults in northern Bavaria to limit severe mumps infections.
Sertraline and desmethylsertraline in human breast milk and nursing infants
Authors: Zachary N. Stowe, Michael J. Owens, Jacque C. Landry, Clinton D. Kilts, Timothy Ely, Alexis Llewellyn, Charles B. Nemeroff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of sertraline and desmethylsertraline in both human breast milk and infant serum.Breast milk samples from 12 women were collected at specific time intervals after oral doses of sertraline (25-200 mg once daily). For 11 mother-infant pairs, maternal serum levels 24 hours after a dose and their infants' serum levels 2-4 hours after nursing were ascertained by high-performance liquid chromatography.Sertraline and desmethylsertraline were present in all breast milk samples, with a gradient from "fore" milk to "hind" milk. The highest concentrations of sertraline were observed in hind milk 7-10 hours after maternal dose. Increasing the maternal dose of sertraline resulted in increased breast milk concentrations of both sertraline and desmethylsertraline. Detectable concentrations of sertraline were found in three nursing infants and desmethylsertraline in six. No adverse effects of exposure were observed in any infant.Sertraline and desmethylsertraline were present in the breast milk of nursing women treated with sertraline. Concentrations were affected by aliquot of milk sampled, time after maternal dose, and maternal daily dose. The infants' serum concentrations detected were below the detection limit of most commercial laboratories. The presence of desmethylsertraline in six infants' samples underscores the importance of metabolite monitoring in determining infant exposure. Estimates of daily infant exposure can be determined after analysis of sertraline and desmethylsertraline concentrations from one full breast at maternal serum steady state. Future studies of breast milk and infant serum samples should address these issues.
Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Exercise-Induced Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia in Asymptomatic Volunteers
Authors: Joseph E. Marine, Veena Shetty, Grant V. Chow, Jeanette G. Wright, Gary Gerstenblith, Samer S. Najjar, Edward G. Lakatta, Jerome L. Fleg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 13a infection in Sweden linked to imported dried-vegetable spice mixes, December 2014 to July 2015
Authors: C Jernberg, M Hjertqvist, C Sundborger, E Castro, M Löfdahl, A Pääjärvi, L Sundqvist, E Löf
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

From 24 December to 24 July 2015, 174 cases were reported in a nationwide salmonellosis outbreak in Sweden: 108 cases were connected to a single restaurant. A spice mix, containing dried vegetables from the restaurant tested positive for the outbreak strain. Additional spice mixes with similar content from different suppliers also tested positive. The outbreak investigation suggests there could be a risk of contaminated products being also on the market in other countries.
Public access defibrillators
Authors: M. F Woollard
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Pell et al provide useful data on the appropriate location of public access defibrillators.1 Not all of their conclusions, however, seem to be based on firm evidence.

They say that arrests that occur in obvious sites for locating defibrillators already have the shortest response times, yet only 340 out of 2646 (13%) patients in a suitable site received an ambulance within 3 minutes. Response time is not defined: a detail important in allowing valid comparison with other early defibrillation strategies.

The Department of Health defines this interval as starting when a chief complaint is identified by an ambulance dispatcher and ending when an ambulance stops at the scene. The time taken for a bystander to determine that action is needed and make a 999 call, as well as the time taken by the crew to reach the patient's side and deliver a counter-shock, are excluded.

The complete interval from collapse to first counter-shock is a key variable in determining outcome from cardiac arrest.2 Public access defibrillators may reduce the delays inherent in dialling 999 and consequently the time to first shock, even when the ambulance response is under 3 minutes. This potential benefit has not been included in the model used by Pell et al. Neither do they allow for the incremental benefits of a reduction in response time at intervals of more than four minutes. Mortality increases by 4% for each minute's delay to first shock.3

The authors say that provision of automated external defibrillators to other first responders could double overall survival to discharge, referring to their previously published article.4 This paper does not provide such evidence, concluding only that responding to 90% of calls within five minutes would increase the proportion of survivors to 10-11%. It requires a very large assumption to suggest that first responders could produce such a huge reduction in response times.

Pell et al recommend that public access defibrillators should not be preferred to bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, early cardiopulmonary resuscitation combined with early defibrillation doubles the number of survivors of early cardiopulmonary resuscitation alone.5

Pell et al's predictions of the impact of public access defibrillators are based on a model that does not include all of its potential benefits. They have not conclusively shown that public access defibrillators are less effective than bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation or first responder defibrillation schemes.
Abstract 9883: Atenolol versus Bisoprolol after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dong-Ho Shin, Jung-Sun Kim, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Sungha Park, Sang-Hak Lee, Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Hyun-Ah Ahn, Sun-Ho Joung, Young Mi Park, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objectives In the controversies regarding the role of beta-blockers, the key might be how different newer beta-blockers are from atenolol. We sought to compare mortalities between patients with atenolol and bisoprolol at discharge after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Total 15,776 AMI patients admitted in 211 centers via emergency department were registered to the Korean Health Insurance Review &amp; Assessment Service database in 2009. Beta-blockers were used in 11,053 patients (75.6%) at discharge. The final analytic cohort consisted of the patients who received atenolol (564 patients) or bisoprolol (2,139 patients) at discharge (total 2,703 patients). The endpoint was all-cause mortality, and death registration of the government at the middle of July 2010 was used to identify mortality cases. Besides Cox proportional hazard model, propensity score (PS) analysis was used as adjustment, weighting and matching methods. Results During 2,372.4 person-years of observation, there were 144 deaths (cumulative incidence 5.7%). Mortality rates were not different between patients with atenolol and bisoprolol (6.1% vs 5.6%, respectively ; p=0.564). In the multivariate and propensity score analyses, however, risk reduction by bisoprolol became larger, especially as much as 44% in PS matched analysis (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.35 ~ 0.89, p=0.014). (Table &amp; Figure) Conclusion Compared to atenolol, bisoprolol might reduce mortality after AMI.
Antidepressant and cognitive effects of twice- versus three-times- weekly ECT
Authors: B Lerer, B Shapira, A Calev, N Tubi, H Drexler, S Kindler, D Lidsky, J E Schwartz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The purpose of this study was to determine which of the two commonly used schedules of ECT administration, twice or three times weekly, is clinically optimal in terms of antidepressant efficacy and cognitive effects.In this double-blind study, 52 consenting, medication-free patients with major depressive disorder, endogenous subtype (Research Diagnostic Criteria), were randomly assigned to bilateral, brief-pulse, constant-current ECT administered over 4 weeks at a rate of three times weekly or twice weekly with the addition of one simulated ECT (anesthesia and muscle relaxant only) per week. Outcome measures were the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Acute Cognitive Effects Battery, and Chronic Cognitive Effects Battery.Hamilton depression scale scores were significantly improved by both schedules, with no difference in outcome either 1 week or 1 month after the end of the ECT series. However, the rate of response to ECT three times a week was significantly faster and was related to the rate of real ECT administration. Cognitive effects were more prominent with ECT three times a week.ECT twice a week is an effective schedule for clinical practice and is potentially advantageous in view of a therapeutic outcome identical to that of ECT three times a week and less severe cognitive effects. ECT three times a week may be specifically indicated when early onset of clinical effect is of primary importance.
Abstract 2551: B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels at Greater Than One Year Post-Transplant Predict Graft Survival in Pediatric Heart Transplant Patients
Authors: Joseph W Rossano, Susan W Denfield, E O Smith, Jeffrey J Kim, Jack F Price, John L Jefferies, Jeffrey S Heinle, David L Morales, Sarah K Clunie, Jamie A Decker, Jeffrey A Towbin, William J Dreyer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Data in adult heart transplant (HT) patients suggests that elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels predicts worse outcome. Minimal data on the utility of BNP levels exist in pe...
Abstract 20694: Clinical Outcome After Revascularization With Primary PCI in Elderly Presenting Acute ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Single Center Registry
Authors: Argyrios Ntalianis, Farid El Aidi, Etienne Puymirat, Micaela Conte, Fabio Mangiacapra, Aaron Peace, Faisal Shareef, Olivier Muller, Marc Vanderheyden, Emanuele Barbato, William Wijns, Jozef Bartunek
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objectives: We investigated the short- and long-term clinical outcome in elderly patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) treated with primary stented angioplasty (PCI). Methods: Betwe...
Abstract 333: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-B (VEGF-B) Induces Myocardium-specific Angiogenesis via VEGFR-1 and Neuropilin-1
Authors: Johanna E Markkanen, Markku T Nurminen, Antti Kivelä, Tommi Heikura, Ulf Eriksson, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Growth factor gene therapy is a new, promising tool for treatment of myocardial ischemia. Development of safe and effective clinical applications requires optimal selection of growth factors and knowledge of the mechanisms involved. We have previously discovered that adenovirally over-expressed (Ad) VEGF-B 186 induces tissue-specific angiogenesis in the myocardium. Another VEGFR-1 specific ligand, placental growth factor (PlGF) induced angiogenesis both in the heart and skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that these two VEGFR-1 ligands utilize different angiogenic mechanisms. Unlike PlGF, the effect of VEGF-B was not dependent on the up-regulation of endogenous VEGF-A since soluble decoy VEGFR-2 did not block the effect. In contrast to PlGF or VEGF-A, the therapeutic effect of VEGF-B was not blocked by inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by feeding the animals L-NAME, indicating that a novel angiogenic pathway was involved. Western blot (WB) analysis of the transduced tissues showed that in the myocardium AdVEGF-B 186 was proteolytically processed, while majority of the protein in the skeletal muscle was unprocessed. Processed form of VEGF-B binds to another angiogenic receptor neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1). Immunohistochemical staining and WB showed strong Nrp-1 expression in the myocardium while Nrp-1 expression was below detection limit in the skeletal muscle. In addition, down-stream molecules GIPC and GAIP were co-localized with Nrp-1 suggesting Nrp-1 receptor activation. Co-transduction with soluble decoy AdsNrp-1 or AdsVEGFR-1 blocked the angiogenic effects of VEGF-B 186 in the myocardium indicating that both receptors are involved in the angiogenic pathway. VEGF-B induces angiogenesis in the myocardium via VEGFR-1 and Nrp-1. This novel myocardium-specific angiogenic pathway offers a safe tool for growth factor therapies and provides new information about repair mechanisms of the heart.
Shingles
Authors: Janet M Torpy, Alison E Burke, Richard M Glass
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Shingles Shingles is a painful condition caused by the virus (varicella-zoster virus, or VZV) that also causes chickenpox.It affects about 1 million individuals per year in the United States alone.Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, occurs in persons who have already had chickenpox.Shingles usually occurs only once in a person' s lifetime.Most individuals who develop shingles are older than 50 years, have other medical problems (such as cancer), or are immunesuppressed from medications they take (such as steroid medications).The virus (VZV) causing shingles and chickenpox is a type of herpes virus.It is a different herpes virus from the ones responsible for cold sores or for genital herpes.VZV remains in nerve tissue after a person recovers from chickenpox.The virus remains dormant (inactive) until reactivated to cause shingles.The cause of this reactivation is not completely understood.The July 1, 2009, issue of JAMA includes an article about shingles.
Abstract 50: Interval Between Collapse and Restoration of Spontaneous Circulation Has Modest Association With Bad Neurological Outcomes in Patients Treated With Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Michael D Thater, Bhavadharini Ramu, Maria T Santos, Dadong Li, Matthew W Parker, Jeffrey Mather, Justin Lundbye
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Treatment with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in patients following a cardiac arrest (CA) has been proven to lead to better neurological outcomes than those not treated with TH. However, ...
Abstract P278: Association of Hemoglobin A1C with Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Individuals without Diabetes - The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Amir Azeem, Joseph Yeboah, Alain Bertoni, Gregory Burke, Evrim Turkbey, Moyses Szklo, David Herrington
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Previous research suggests that hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) is a cardiovascular risk marker. Currently, ACCF/AHA recommends HbA1c for cardiovascular risk assessment in adults without diabetes. However, the predictive ability of HbA1C, especially in different ethnic groups, remains unclear. We examined the hypothesis that HbA1c predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart diseae (CHD), and all-cause mortality in a multi-ethnic population free of diabetes and CVD, and assessed whether this association varies by race/ethnicity, in Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Methods: During a median follow-up of 5.9 years (maximum: 7.1), 178 had an adjudicated CHD event defined as MI, definite angina, probable angina if followed by PTCI/CABG, resuscitated cardiac arrest and CHD death; 244 had CVD events defined as CHD, stroke, stroke death or CVD death; and 228 died. Cox regression was used to estimate the association of 1% increases in HbA1c with CVD/CHD/all-cause mortality after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, total household income, systolic blood pressure, hypertensive medications, total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, and smoking. Receiver Operating Curve analysis and Net Reclassification Improvement were used to examine the predictive value of HbA1C for cardiovascular risk assessment. Similar models were used to evaluate these associations stratified by ethnicity. Results: Among 5069 participants, 53% were women, 43% Caucasian, 25% African American, 20% Hispanic, and 11.6% Chinese. Mean age was 63 years and HbA1c was 5.4%. Hemoglobin A1C increased the hazards for CVD and CHD by 32% and 45%, respectively, although the 95% CI overlapped the null slightly [HR (95%CI): 1.32 (0.92-1.89), 1.45 (0.95-2.21)]. Interaction between ethnicity and HbA1c was significant (p&lt;0.001). In stratified analysis, HbA1C was independently associated with CVD only in Caucasians [2.09 (1.25-3.49)] but not in other ethnicities [African Americans: 0.67 (0.35-1.26), Hispanics: 0.89 (0.37-2.14), Chinese: 0.95 (0.17-5.42)]. Overall, addition of HbA1C to Framingham Risk Score did not improve area under the curve for incident CVD (0.703 vs. 0.703; p= 0.18) or net reclassification index (-0.020). However, in Caucasians, the addition of HbA1C to the Framingham Risk Score significantly improved both the area under the curve (0.700 vs. 0.715; p&lt;0.001) and net reclassification index (0.089) for incident CVD. Similar results were obtained for CHD. Conclusion: Associations between HbA1c and CHD/CVD observed in predominately Caucasian populations (and confirmed in this study) may not extend to other ethnicities. More data are needed on ethnic-specific variations in the relationship between glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular disease.
Abstract 3342: Adequacy of Inclusion of Post-Procedural Bleeding in a Composite End Point for Assessment of Outcome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
Authors: Stefanie Schulz, Gjin Ndrepepa, Julinda Mehilli, Raisuke Iijima, Olga Bruskina, Peter B Berger, Albert Schömig, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objective: To assess the adequacy of inclusion of post-procedural bleeding in a quadruple composite end point for the prediction of mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This study included 5384 patients from 4 ISAR randomized trials on the value of abciximab: ISAR-REACT, ISAR-SWEET, ISAR-SMART 2 and ISAR-REACT 2. Common inclusion criteria were the presence of native coronary artery disease requiring PCI and pretreatment with 600 mg of clopidogrel at least 2 hours prior to the intervention. Patients were randomized to receive either the standard dose of abciximab plus unfractionated heparin or placebo plus unfractionated heparin. Bleeding was defined according to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) criteria. Primary end point was one-year mortality. Results: Within the first 30 days there were 314 myocardial infarctions (5.8%), 52 urgent revascularizations (1.0%) and 215 TIMI major or minor bleeding (4.0%). One-year mortality was 3.6% (n=197). Table shows one-year mortality among patients with or without 30-day adverse events (myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization or bleeding). Cox proportional hazard model that included all of the 3 adverse events along with baseline characteristics of the patients showed that 30-day myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization or bleeding were all independently associated with one-year mortality with adjusted hazard ratios displayed in the table . The prognostic value of bleeding was not dependent on its classification as major or minor. Conclusion: Our study supports the inclusion of post-procedural bleeding in a quadruple end point along with death, myocardial infarction and urgent revascularization to assess outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention. Table.
Grand Rounds - Hammersmith Hospital (beta) Adrenergic agonists and pulmonary oedema in preterm labour Must be used with care
Authors: G J Clesham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

proposals are an attempt to translate logically and realistically the results of clinical trials into urological practice.Although we have no reason to doubt the basis of our recommendations, it should be recognised that they are proposals for discussion.If they are implemented, the outcome should be monitored closely by urologists, hospital management, and health care economists.