tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pro-surfactant protein B, a promising BAL biomarker of COPD progression in heavy smokers, is increased by budesonide/formoterol short-term therapy
Authors: Anthony Tam, Soo Jung Um, Harvey Coxson, Stephen Lam, Shu Man, Don Sin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rationale & Aim: Reduced levels of surfactants in lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) generally signal disease progression. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Symbicort® therapy on the BAL levels of pro-surfactant protein B (pro-SPB) and other biomarkers in heavy smokers with or without COPD.  Methods: We recruited 37 heavy smokers (3 current and 34 former; ≥30 pack-years), age 65±6 years (mean±SD), free of exacerbations for ≥ 4 weeks, with FEV1 of 73.1±18.3% predicted and FEV1/FVC ratio 66.3±9.4% (clinical trials.gov: NCT00569712). COPD was defined as FEV1/FVC   Results: Symbicort therapy significantly increased pro-SPB levels in BAL (geometric mean±SD: 322±619 versus 268±394 ng/ml; p=0.0166). The pro-SPB levels (but none of the other BAL biomarkers) were significantly related to lung function expressed by FEV1% of predicted (Spearman rho=0.36; p=0.026) and FEV1/FVC ratio (rho=0.51; p=0.0013), and to the levels of SP-D (rho=0.43; p=0.0073) and CCSP-16 (rho=0.54; p=0.0005), and to body mass index (rho=0.46; p=0.0043).  Conclusions: In the current and former heavy smokers, pro-SPB levels in BAL were positively related to lung function and significantly increased by 4 weeks therapy with Symbicort. Pro-SPB is a very promising BAL biomarker to evaluate lung function in heavy smokers and thus disease progression in COPD and other chronic airway diseases.
Clinical analysis of lung manifestation in Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Naoko Fukuhara, Yoshinori Tanino, Takefumi Nikaido, Kenichi Misa, Manabu Uematsu, Atsuro Fykuhara, Suguru Sato, Xintao Wang, Takashi Ishida, Mitsuru Munakata
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Although pulmonary involvement of Sjogren9s syndrome (SS) has been reported, its clinical characteristics have not been clear in detail. The goal of this study was to clarify the characteristics of pulmonary manifestation in patients with SS.  Methods: We reviewed patient with SS admitted to our hospital from 2007 to 2011, and retrospective analysis was performed.  Results: We had 37 patients with SS including 26 primary (pSS) and 11 secondary Sjogren9s syndrome (sSS). Only 11 patients had mucous membrane drying symptoms. Anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibody in serum were positive in 32 and 13 patients, respectively. 33 patients had consistent findings of fluorescent dye examination and/or lip biopsy with SS. Interstitial pneumonia (IP) was the main pulmonary manifestation. In fact, 10.2% of IP patients with unknown etiology on admission were diagnosed as having SS by a careful clinical evaluation. Histopathological evaluation revealed a variety of histological findings such as non-specific IP, and cellular bronchiolitis. Grand glass attenuation was the major HRCT pattern with lower and peripheral predominant distributions, and analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed increase number of lymphocytes and neutrophils. Five-year survival rate was about 80%, and prognosis in patients with pSS seemed to be better than that in sSS patients.  Conclusions: IP is the major pulmonary manifestation of SS, and prognosis is not so poor. For more understanding of this disease, a careful clinical evaluation including lip biopsy is necessary for IP patients even without sicca symptoms because of under-diagnosis of IP patients with SS.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: Long-term follow-up from a single institution
Authors: B. G. M. Hughes, N. Woodward, K. J. Lourigan, D. Humphreys, I. Dickenson, E. T. Walpole, D. B. Thomson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

9071 Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma has been shown to improve patient (pt) outcome. 6 cycles of Cisplatin & Doxorubicin (Cis/Dox) is favoured in most centres due to its equivalency and ease of administration compared to the cumbersome modified T10 Rosen (T10) protocol (Lancet 1997;350:911–7). We review our experience at the PA Hospital before and after 1995 when Cis/Dox became standard therapy. Methods: Records of 57 (31M 26F) consecutive pts treated between 1986 and 2003 with adjuvant chemotherapy for intention to resect osteosarcoma were retrospectively reviewed. 8 pts had possible synchronous metastases. Limb sparing surgery was possible for 42 pts, 11 required amputation and 4 did not have a resection. 23 pts were treated with T10 and 34 pts with 6 cycles of Cis/Dox, 5 of these also received high dose Methotrexate. 47 pts received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a regional component in 5. Results: All pts were assessed for disease free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). 22 pts relapsed; 19 with metastatic disease, 1 locally and 2 with distant and local disease. There were 19 deaths; 10 from recurrent disease, 6 from synchronous metastases, 1 therapy related and 2 from other causes. 7 pts were lost to follow-up. The 5 year DFS and OS for pts with non-metastatic disease were 52% and 63% respectively, and OS of the whole group was 58%. There was a trend favoring T10 in both DFS and OS for nonmetastatic pts compared to Cis/Dox alone (DFS 65% vs 52% p=0.48 and OS 66% vs 52% p=0.3 respectively). There was little difference seen between the groups once those over 30yo were excluded (DFS 69% vs 67% and OS 66% vs 58% p=0.71). Toxicity data was available for 53 pts. The most common serious (grade ≥3) toxicity was myelosuppression. There was more reported serious toxicity in the T10 group than the Cis/Dox group (100% vs 88%). Superior rates of good histological response (>90% kill) were seen in the T10 group (53% vs 17%, p=0.03). Those achieving >90% response had superior 5 year OS (83% vs 45%, p=0.04). Conclusion: There was a non-significant trend to better DFS and OS in pts who received T10 at our institution however overall DFS and OS rates are similar to published data. Further research may still be necessary to determine optimum treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Mood Change and Perceptions of Vitality: A Comparison of the Effects of Relaxation, Visualization and Yoga
Authors: C Wood
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1993)

The effects of three different procedures, relaxation, visualization and yogic breathing and stretch (pranayama) on perceptions of physical and mental energy and on positive and negative mood states have been assessed in a group of normal volunteers (N = 71, age range 21-76). Pranayama produced a significantly greater increase in perceptions of mental and physical energy and feelings of alertness and enthusiasm than the other two procedures (P < 0.5). Relaxation made subjects significantly more sleepy and sluggish immediately after the session than pranayama (P < 0.05). Visualization made them more sluggish but less content than pranayama (P < 0.05) and more upset than relaxation after the second session (P < 0.05). Thus, a 30 min programme of yogic stretch and breathing exercises which is simple to learn and which can be practised even by the elderly had a markedly 'invigorating' effect on perceptions of both mental and physical energy and increased high positive mood. A more extensive investigation is planned to establish whether such a programme can readily be incorporated into everyday life, and with what long-term results.
Uptake, Accuracy, Safety, and Linkage into Care over Two Years of Promoting Annual Self-Testing for HIV in Blantyre, Malawi: A Community-Based Prospective Study
Authors: Augustine T. Choko, Peter MacPherson, Emily L. Webb, Barbara A. Willey, Helena Feasy, Rodrick Sambakunsi, Aaron Mdolo, Simon D. Makombe, Nicola Desmond, Richard Hayes, Hendramoorthy Maheswaran, Elizabeth L. Corbett
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Background Home-based HIV testing and counselling (HTC) achieves high uptake, but is difficult and expensive to implement and sustain. We investigated a novel alternative based on HIV self-testing (HIVST). The aim was to evaluate the uptake of testing, accuracy, linkage into care, and health outcomes when highly convenient and flexible but supported access to HIVST kits was provided to a well-defined and closely monitored population. Methods and Findings Following enumeration of 14 neighbourhoods in urban Blantyre, Malawi, trained resident volunteer-counsellors offered oral HIVST kits (OraQuick ADVANCE Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test) to adult (≥16 y old) residents (n = 16,660) and reported community events, with all deaths investigated by verbal autopsy. Written and demonstrated instructions, pre- and post-test counselling, and facilitated HIV care assessment were provided, with a request to return kits and a self-completed questionnaire. Accuracy, residency, and a study-imposed requirement to limit HIVST to one test per year were monitored by home visits in a systematic quality assurance (QA) sample. Overall, 14,004 (crude uptake 83.8%, revised to 76.5% to account for population turnover) residents self-tested during months 1–12, with adolescents (16–19 y) most likely to test. 10,614/14,004 (75.8%) participants shared results with volunteer-counsellors. Of 1,257 (11.8%) HIV-positive participants, 26.0% were already on antiretroviral therapy, and 524 (linkage 56.3%) newly accessed care with a median CD4 count of 250 cells/μl (interquartile range 159–426). HIVST uptake in months 13–24 was more rapid (70.9% uptake by 6 mo), with fewer (7.3%, 95% CI 6.8%–7.8%) positive participants. Being "forced to test", usually by a main partner, was reported by 2.9% (95% CI 2.6%–3.2%) of 10,017 questionnaire respondents in months 1–12, but satisfaction with HIVST (94.4%) remained high. No HIVST-related partner violence or suicides were reported. HIVST and repeat HTC results agreed in 1,639/1,649 systematically selected (1 in 20) QA participants (99.4%), giving a sensitivity of 93.6% (95% CI 88.2%–97.0%) and a specificity of 99.9% (95% CI 99.6%–100%). Key limitations included use of aggregate data to report uptake of HIVST and being unable to adjust for population turnover. Conclusions Community-based HIVST achieved high coverage in two successive years and was safe, accurate, and acceptable. Proactive HIVST strategies, supported and monitored by communities, could substantially complement existing approaches to providing early HIV diagnosis and periodic repeat testing to adolescents and adults in high-HIV settings.
Role of the Neutrophil Chemorepellent Soluble Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV in Decreasing Inflammation in a Murine Model of Arthritis
Authors: Sarah E. Herlihy, Monica L. Brown, Darrell Pilling, Brad R. Weeks, Linda K. Myers, Richard H. Gomer
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective To determine whether an intraarticular injection of the neutrophil chemorepellent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV; CD26) can attenuate inflammation and decrease the severity of arthritis in a murine model. Methods DBA/1 mice were immunized with type II collagen/Freund's complete adjuvant to produce collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). On day 25 postimmunization, recombinant human DPPIV (rhDPPIV) or phosphate buffered saline was injected intraarticularly, and arthritis severity scores were recorded 3 times per week. The hind legs of mice in both groups were fixed, decalcified, paraffin embedded, and sectioned. Pathologic scores for inflammation and neutrophil infiltration were recorded on a scale of 1–8, and the number of neutrophils was determined by morphometric cell counts. In addition, Mac‐2–positive macrophages and articular damage were assessed using anti–Mac‐2 antibodies and histologic staining, respectively. Results Injection of rhDPPIV reduced the mean score of arthritis severity in mice with CIA. DPPIV treatment reduced the overall extent of inflammation and articular damage around the arthritic joint and periarticular tissue, and also decreased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. Conclusion A localized injection of the neutrophil chemorepellent DPPIV reduces inflammation and the severity of the disease in a murine model of arthritis.
Trends in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Shalini Selvarajah, Edward R. Hammond, Eric B. Schneider
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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Abstract 12830: Cryoballoon Ablation vs. Radiofrequency Ablation of Pulmonary Veins after Failed Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Evgeny Pokushalov, Alexander Romanov, Sergey Artyomenko, Vera Baranova, Alexey Turov, Natalia Shirokova, Alexander Karaskov, Jonathan S Steinberg, Suneet Mittal
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: The aim of this prospective randomized double-blind study was to compare the efficacy and safety of cryoballoon (Cryo) ablation versus radiofrequency (RF) of PAF after failed first RF...
Abstract 5572: Auto-analysis of immunohistochemical findings and one-day instant quality fluorescence in situ hybridization increase quality of breast cancer therapy
Authors: Daiki Taniyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background:Currently, the therapeutic strategy for a breast cancer patient is designed according to his/her histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular findings. These findings are obtained through the collected efforts of many individual pathologists or medical technologists and are thus limited by intra-observer error and potentially subjective decision-making. The assessment of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is demanded to be prompt, objective, and reproducible. In our institute, the authors are utilizing the whole slide imaging system (NanoZoomer 2.0-HT, Hamamatsu photonics, Japan) and a software for image analysis (Genie, Vista, CA), specifically for an auto-analysis of IHC. We succeeded in gaining objective and highly reproducible results. On the other hand, current FISH technique is time-consuming and takes two days to complete due to the overnight incubation required to obtain proper hybridization result. The authors tried to compare the results with current FISH (cFISH) and one-day Instant Quality FISH (IQFISH) for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Methods: Auto-analysis arm. Twenty-five breast cancer specimens were examined for IHC of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) HER2, Topoisomerase (Topo) II alpha, and Ki-67, and the results were compared by ocular observation and auto-analysis. Fifty-one cancer specimens were compared in terms of IHC and cFISH of HER2.IQFISH arm. Thirty-four biopsy samples from pre-therapeutic breast cancers (29 primary invasive ductal carcinomas and five metastatic cancers) were examined and the results of cFISH and IQFISH were compared. Results: Auto-analysis arm. For all antibodies, expect for HER2, concordant results were obtained in 100% of 24 ER positive cases. Ki-67 index (r=0.96) and TopoIIalpha index (r=0.95) also showed a significant correlation (p&amp;lt;0.001). For cHER2, all four specimens with Hercep-score 2 by ocular observation but 1 by auto-analysis revealed no HER2 gene amplification. IQFISH arm. IQFISH (r=0.66) showed a significant correlation (p&amp;lt;0.0001) with cFISH. Both auto-analysis and IQFISH reduced substantially the time for analysis. Conclusion: Well-organized auto-analysis is more likely to result in an objective observation and provide a means by which to standardize the methods of IHC in breast cancer. IQFISH may contribute to an earlier decision regarding therapeutic strategy for a breast cancer. Citation Format: Daiki Taniyama. Auto-analysis of immunohistochemical findings and one-day instant quality fluorescence in situ hybridization increase quality of breast cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5572. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5572
A phase II trial of preoperative chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy for potentially resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach (RTOG 99–04)
Authors: G. S. Okawara, K. Winter, J. H. Donohue, P. W. T. Pisters, C. H. Crane, J. F. Greskovich, P. R. Anne, J. D. Bradley, C. Willet, J. A. Ajani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4019 Background: Postoperative chemoradiotherapy is now considered standard treatment following curative resection of gastric cancer in selected patients. As the value of preoperative chemoradiotherapy is undetermined, this study was designed primarily to evaluate if a complete pathological response (pathCR) rate of 20% is possible employing this strategy, with feasibility, survival, tolerance and rate of curative resection as secondary endpoints. Methods: Patients having localized biopsy proven gastric adenocarcinoma (EUS T2–3, any N, M0) were eligible. A negative laparoscopic evaluation was required. Patients received 2 cycles of infusional 5-fluorouracil (200 mg/m2/d) on days 1–21, leucovorin (20 mg/m2) on days 1,7,14, and 21 and Cisplatin (20 mg/m2) on days 1–5. This was followed by concurrent radiation (45 Gy in 25 Fx) and infusional 5-fluorouracil (300 mg/m2/d) Monday to Friday and weekly Taxol (45 mg/m2) in weeks 1–5. Surgery was subsequently attempted in 5–6 weeks. Results: Forty-nine patients have been entered and 43 (12% IB, 37% II, 52% III) are evaluable. The pathCR and R0 resection rates are 27% and 77% respectively. Grade 4 toxicity (CTC 2.0) was experienced by 21% of patients with no treatment-related deaths. Radiotherapy planning and surgical technique according to protocol occurred in 44% and 49% of patients respectively. A total feasibility evaluation of this strategy is pending. Conclusions: These data suggest that the primary endpoint of the study was met (>20% pathCR rate). This study forms a basis for a future comparison of pre vs. post operative chemoradiotherapy strategies for localized resectable gastric cancer. (Supported by NCI) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 8545: Left Atrial Function Assessed by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography as a Predictor of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation: Results from a Prospective Study in 580 Adults
Authors: Tomoko Fujii, Masanori Kawasaki, Ryuhei Tanaka, Koji Ono, Reiko Matsuoka, Shintaro Abe, Fumitaka Tokoro, Yoshiaki Goto, Takashi Yoshizane, Takashi Kato, Syunichiro Warita, Tai Kojima, Makoto Iwama, Shintaro Tanihata, Toshiyuki Noda, Mami Iida, Sachiro Watanabe, Takatomo Watanabe, Shinya Minatoguchi
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Risk stratification for atrial fibrillation (AF) based on left atrial (LA) remodeling may have a major public health impact. Although LA volume (LAV) or LA dimension have been proposed as predictors of AF, LA function have not yet been fully examined. Using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), assessment of LA structure and function is feasible. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate LA function for the prediction of increased risk of new-onset nonvalvular AF. Methods: We examined LA phasic emptying function (EF), strain rate (SR) and volume in apical 4-chamber view using STE in 580 consecutive adults (age 64±17) without a history of atrial arrhythmia and mitral valve disease. Left ventricular mass, ejection fraction and E/e’ and coronary risk factors were also evaluated. Then, we followed occurrence of AF prospectively. Results: During a mean follow-up period of 2.4±0.3 years, 32 subjects (age 73±9, 18 men) developed electrocardiographically-confirmed AF. Subjects with new-onset AF had lower LA active EF (16±5% vs. 28±8%, p&lt;0.001) and lower LA SR at atrial contraction (-0.9±0.2 S -1 vs. -1.4±0.5 S -1 , p&lt;0.001), but larger maximum LAV index (59±12 ml/m 2 vs. 46±16 ml/m 2 , p&lt;0.001) compared with non-AF subjects at baseline. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, LA active EF was the only independent predictor of new-onset AF. Using an LA active EF cutoff of 20%, the sensitivity and specificity for new-onset AF based on receiver operator characteristic curve analysis were 88% and 81%, respectively (area under the curve (AUC): 0.92), whereas those of maximum LAV were 94% and 53% (AUC: 0.77). Conclusion: Reduced LA active EF (booster pump function) assessed by STE independently predicts the risk of new-onset AF, suggesting a stronger association between LA functional remodeling and AF than between LA size and AF.Noninvasive echocardiographic assessment of LA phasic function, especially LA ative contraction (booster pump function), in sinus rhythm would provide incremental value for the risk stratification and be a more useful predictor for new-onset AF than LA size.
Ultrasound imaging of ovarian tumor associated neo-angiogenesis as an early detection tool for ovarian cancer
Authors: Animesh Barua, Jacques Abramowicz, Pincas Bitterman, Bahr Janice, Dale Hales, Jacob Rotmensch, Judith Luborsky
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

A8  Background: Ovarian cancer (OVCA) represents the fetal gynecological malignancy of women and the lack of an early detection method is one of the reasons of high mortality rate due to OVCA. Ovarian tumor associated neo-angiogenesis (TAN) is an earlier event leading to OVCA and can be an effective target for early detection. Because the symptoms of OVCA are non-specific during early stage, it is difficult to identify and study patients at early stage of OVCA to develop an early detection method. Laying hen is the only widely available animal that develops OVCA spontaneously like humans. Recently, we have established, for the first time, in vivo visualizationand monitoring of ovarian tumors in hens using ultrasound imagingwith similar probe as in human (http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/cgi/reprint/26/7/909). In our method, a hen can bescreened repeatedly without affecting its physiology. The goal of this study was to detect ovarian TAN by Doppler ultrasound (DUS) in association with angiogenic markers including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and αvβ3-integrins in laying hens.  Methods: White Leghorn hens of 3 years old (n = 30) with low egg laying rates (