tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Polyendocrine Deficiency Syndromes
Authors: D. Lynn Loriaux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

IT is currently thought that two distinct disorders are grouped under the general rubric of polyendocrine deficiency syndrome. The first disorder begins at a mean age of about 12 years and is characterized by the association of hypoparathyroidism, primary adrenal insufficiency, and mucocutaneous candidiasis. Alopecia, pernicious anemia, malabsorption, and chronic active hepatitis also occur. This disorder is currently designated as the polyendocrine deficiency syndrome Type I.1 The inheritance pattern is not always clear, but in some families an autosomal recessive pattern has been observed.2 The second disorder begins at an average age of 30 years and is recognized by the . . .
P154 TRPV1 is not a Target for the Treatment of non-allergic Rhinitis: A Clinical Study
Authors: RD Murdoch, P Bareille, J Bentley, A Newlands, K Smart, D Patel
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> TRPV1 is a ligand gated ion channel activated by a range of physiological factors such at Temperature, pH, and osmotic stress. In the nose, the TRPV1-expressing sensory c-fibres are thought to play a key role in the development of nasal hyper-responsiveness resulting in symptoms in NAR patients. We hypothesise that topical antagonism with a selective TRPV1 antagonist would offer substantial symptom control. SB705498 is a potent selective TRPV1 antagonist in animal and human models. <h3>Methods</h3> 40 M&amp;F NAR patients were enrolled into a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, 2 period crossover study of either 12mg SB705498 i.n. or placebo for 14 days with a 4 week washout. The study was conducted in a validated Environmental Challenge Chamber (Cetero) where patients were exposed to Cold Dry Air (CDA) at 14c, 15% RH, air speed 5 feet/sec. Exposure was over the winter months in Canada. Diary card symptoms were analysed during home dosing on days when the temp was less than 14c. Two chamber sessions of 1hr duration, as well as medical history and neg skin prick testing, at screening were performed to establish a consistent diagnosis with a single challenge on Day 1+1hr, Day14+1hr and Day 14+24hr to establish the drug response. Post dose TSS (rhinorrhoea, congestion, PND), sneezing and ocular symptoms were recorded, as was acoustic rhinomanometry, RQLQ, PK and Safety monitoring. <h3>Results</h3> The primary outcome of weighted mean TSS over the challenge period or the maximum TSS was not impacted by administration of SB705498 relative to placebo (see figure). There was no impact on sneezing, ocular symptoms, acoustic rhinimanometry, or RQLQ Compared with placebo, repeated doses of SB705498 did not alleviate TSS triggered by cold in a multistimuli wild type setting. PK analysis supported an o.d. regimen with 2 fold accumulation over the dosing period. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In a robust clinical model of non-allergic rhinitis, intranasal SB705498 12mg o.d. for 14 days did not alleviate the symptoms of NAR triggered by the most common provocation agent: Cold Dry Air. We conclude that despite engagement of the TRPV1 receptor there was no translation to clinical efficacy, suggesting redundancy in symptom pathways.
The Cerebrospinal Fluid Provides a Proliferative Niche for Neural Progenitor Cells
Authors: Maria K. Lehtinen, Mauro W. Zappaterra, Xi Chen, Yawei J. Yang, Anthony D. Hill, Melody Lun, Thomas Maynard, Dilenny Gonzalez, Seonhee Kim, Ping Ye, A. Joseph D'Ercole, Eric T. Wong, Anthony S. LaMantia, Christopher A. Walsh
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Length of Barrett's oesophagus: an important factor in the development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma.
Authors: S Y Iftikhar, P D James, R J Steele, J D Hardcastle, M Atkinson
Journal: Gut (1992)

In a 15 year prospective study of endoscopic surveillance of columnar lined oesophagus, 102 patients with a mean follow up of 54 (12.5) months and total follow up of 462 years have been evaluated. Of all the sets of biopsies taken, 59 in 21 patients were found to exhibit dysplasia or carcinoma. Four male patients had carcinoma of the oesophagus, indicating a 30 times increased risk of development of adenocarcinoma in columnar lined oesophagus. The length of columnar lined oesophagus in subjects with dysplasia was significantly longer as compared with the whole group (p = 0.01) and when compared with the patients without dysplasia (p = 0.005). None of the patients with dysplasia had a columnar lined oesophagus of less than 8 cm. Length of columnar lined oesophagus therefore seems to be a significant risk factor in the development of dysplasia and subsequent carcinoma and intensive follow up of patients with columnar lined oesophagus greater than 8 cm in length is recommended.
Experts demand major revisions of German gene diagnostics law
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Germany’s new law on genetic testing has been criticised by 17 medical geneticists and paediatricians in a joint report published by three major science academies.

The experts say that the new law, which came into force in February, makes it difficult to screen newborn babies for inherited metabolic disorders such as phenylketonuria. The law requires all genetic testing to be done by qualified doctors after …
Hypocitraturia in Patients with Gastrointestinal Malabsorption
Authors: Daniel Rudman, James L. Dedonis, Martha T. Fountain, Joseph B. Chandler, Glynda G. Gerron, G. Alexander Fleming, Michael H. Kutner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We measured serum and urinary citrate, oxalate, calcium, and magnesium in 22 normal subjects and in 16 patients with malabsorption. The patients had subnormal levels of serum citrate and magnesium during fasting, subnormal 24-hour levels of urinary citrate, magnesium, and calcium, and excessive levels of urinary oxalate. Daily citrate excretion averaged only 15 per cent of normal. The hypocitraturia in the patients resulted from a subnormal filtered load of citrate and abnormally high net tubular reabsorption of the anion. An oral citrate supplement raised both the serum concentration and the filtered load of citrate to normal fasting values, but net tubular reabsorption remained abnormally high and urinary excretion abnormally low. Intramuscular magnesium sulfate, which corrected the hypomagnesemia and hypomagnesuria, had no effect on serum citrate or its filtered load. Nevertheless the injection restored net tubular reabsorption of citrate to normal and partially improved the hypocitraturia. Full correction of the hypocitraturia was achieved by combined treatment with oral citrate and intramuscular magnesium sulfate. Hypocitraturia may contribute to the formation of oxalate stones in these patients, and therefore our treatment may help to prevent this complication.
Pancreatic Islet Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lawrence E. Broder, Stephen K. Carter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The clinical experience with streptozotocin (NSC-85998) in 52 patients with metastatic islet cell carcinoma was analyzed. The drug was given intravenously in 44 patients and intra-arterially in 8 patients, most often on a weekly schedule of administration of 0.6 to 1.0 g/m2 body surface area. Biochemical responses were seen in 64% of evaluable functional cases, and measurable disease responses were seen in 50% of these cases. Insulin responses occurred 2 to 3 weeks after drug administration at a total dose of about 2 to 4 g/m2 body surface area. A significant increase in 1-year survival rate and a doubling of median survival were shown for the responders as compared with the nonresponders. Acute toxicity, consisting of nausea and vomiting, was observed in 98% of the cases, whereas renal or hepatic toxicity was seen in 65% and 67% of the cases, respectively. Hematological toxicity, observed in 20% of the cases, was mild. Renal and hepatic toxicity were usually reversible, but five patients died in renal failure.
Comparative value of eight M-mode echocardiographic formulas for determining left ventricular stroke volume. A correlative study with thermodilution and left ventricular single-plane cineangiography.
Authors: G Kronik, J Slany, H Mösslacher
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Sixty-six consecutive patients without left ventricular volume overload, significant arrhythmia or significant pericardial effusion were examined by M-mode echocardiography immediately before diagnostic left- and right-heart catheterization. Using various echocardiographic measurements, left ventricular stroke volume (SV) was calculated according to eight different echocardiographic formulas (SVE) that have been proposed previously. At catheterization SV was also determined by thermodilution (SVT) and by single-plane left ventricular cineangiography in the right anterior oblique projection (SVA). When comparing SVE with SVT, the four formulas developed to calculate mitral or aortic flow failed (r = 0.10 to 0.54). As expected, poor correlations (r = 0.22 to 0.47) were also found when formulas used to calculate ventricular volumes from the ventricular diameter or SV from the change in diameter (left ventricular formulas) were used in coronary patients with grossly asymmetrical ventricular contraction patterns. When the use of the left ventricular formulas was confined to patients with symmetrical or almost symmetrical contraction, two formulas yielded favorable correlations of r = 0.84, SEE = 12.7 ml and r = 0.86, SEE = 12.2 ml, respectively. These correlations were comparable to the correlation between our two invasive reference techniques (r = 0.81; SEE = 12.2 ml). The comparison between SVE and SVA confirmed the results of the thermodilution study, though the correlations were generally weaker. We conclude that the formula of Teichholz et al., which was the best of all tested formulas, may be used to obtain a clinically useful estimate of SV in patients in whom symmetrical or almost symmetrical left ventricular contraction can be anticipated.
Nanoindentation studies of titanium single crystals
Authors: F.K. Mante, G.R. Baran, B. Lucas
Journal: Biomaterials (1999)

Titanium single crystal planes of different atomic density have been reported to show different oxidation characteristics. The differences in oxide characteristics have further been demonstrated to lead to differences in osteoblast attachment. Investigations of the preferred crystallographic planes of titanium for osteoblast attachment can be used to optimize the surfaces of single crystal and polycrystalline titanium implants for anchoring various prostheses. Nanoindentation techniques were used to determine mechanical properties of two crystallographic planes of titanium of different atomic density. Modulus of elasticity of 128±10 GPa was obtained for polycrystalline titanium and 123±5 and 124±6 GPa for the basal plane and pyramidal planes, respectively. The variation of modulus with crystal orientation was not greater than the statistical variation in the data. Surface hardness values were 2.1±0.1 GPa for the polycrystalline sample and 1.6±0.1 and 1.9±0.1 GPa, respectively, for the basal and pyramidal planes. Curves of hardness as a function of depth (0–2000 nm) obtained from electrochemically polished surfaces showed a sharp increase at shallow depths and may reflect changes caused by oxidation of the titanium surfaces.
Asthma predictive factors in infants with bronchiolitis: asthma risk at 13-20 years of age
Authors: M. Korppi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

To the Editors:

Matricardi et al. 1 presented an interesting comparison on the persistence of wheezing at 10–13 yrs of age between two birth cohorts from the UK and Germany. When the cohorts were re-evaluated by harmonising the data, family history of asthma, absence of recurrent rhinitis at <1 yr, recurrent chest infections at <2 yrs and atopic sensitisation at <3–4 yrs were independent risk factors for wheezing at 10 years, with some differences between early life wheezers and non-wheezers 1. When three or four of these risk factors were present, the algorithm was highly specific but not sensitive in predicting persistent wheezing at …
Contents and compositions of glycosaminoglycans in different sites of the human hip joint cartilage.
Authors: K Yoshida, H Azuma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

The distribution of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in different functional regions (weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing portions) of the human hip joint cartilage was studied. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Weight-bearing cartilage contains larger amounts of GAGs than nonweight-bearing, cartilage. (2) Weight-bearing cartilage contains keratan sulphate in higher ratio to chondroitin sulphate than nonweight-bearing cartilage. (3) The differences in content and composition of GAGs between the weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing portions are more pronounced in the femoral head than in the acetabulum. The preliminary analyses showed that the chondroitin sulphate from the acetabular cartilage contained exclusively 6-sulphated disaccharide units and there was some heterogeneity in keratan sulphate.
THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF MALARIA CONTROL IN ASSAM
Authors: G. C. Ramsay, J. d. l. M. Savage
Journal: BMJ (1932)

Lokhe, a Hindu male, aged 40, agricultural labourer, was admitted to hospital on December 15th, 1931, with complaints of discomfort in the abdomen and difficulty in respiration for about two and a half months, and a history of cough with expectoration for one and a half years.He was suffering from dyspnoea-not usually amounting to ortlhopnoea-pulmonary congestion, enlarged liver, and oedema.Although the heart was not enlarged there was myocardial weakness, the cardiac impulse being scarcely palpable and the sounds very poor.There was no murmur audible, and the pulse rate was 70 and below, with a regular rhythm.The arterial walls were soft and the pulse tension low.Beyond the congestion there were no pulmonary signs.The liver was moderately enlarged, firm, and tender.Pyorrhoea, lack of appetite, dyspepsia, and constipation were present.There was no ascites, and the spleen was not palpable.Oedema was to some extent general, but there was a much greater degree over the chest, arms, head, and neck than in the lower part of the body; the veins in the neck and the upper part of the chest were distended.The Wassermann reaction of the blood was completely positive.X-ray examination of the chest showed no indica- tion of mediastinal growth, though the hilum shadows were prominent, especially on the right side.It was considered that he had some obstruction to the superior vena cava, probably syphilitic, although the x-ray picture did not give much support to a diagnosis of syphilitic mediastinitis.The mvocardial affection was thought to be undoubtedly syphilitic.Treatment by potassium iodide was initiated at once.The oederna, especially of the face, became increasingly more obvious, and the pulse rate gradually slower.A partial heart-block appeared, many beats being dropped.The patient died quite suddenly on December 30th.POST-MIORTEM EXAMINATION Oedema occurred in the lower limbs and round the ankles, but was present to a far greater degree over the head and neck, chest, and arms.No ascites.There were several ounces of blood-stained serum in both pleural cavities.
Visual acuity measurements using Fourier series harmonic analysis of videokeratography data in eyes after penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: Takashi Miyai, Kazunori Miyata, Ryohei Nejima, Tomokazu Samejima, Takahiro Hiraoka, Takahiro Kiuchi, Yuichi Kaji, Tetsuro Oshika
Journal: Ophthalmology (2005)
Prospects for Antiestrogen Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer
Authors: Richard R. Love
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Prospects for Antiestrogen Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer Get access Richard R. Love Richard R. Love Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 1, 3 January 1990, Pages 18–21, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.1.18 Published: 03 January 1990 Article history Received: 28 November 1989 Accepted: 05 December 1989 Published: 03 January 1990
Pediatric anesthesia; from the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston.
Authors: Leonard Bachman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The "clinics" type of medical journalism now adds to its growing numbers International Anesthesiology Clinics. Each quarterly issue is to be written "by authorities in this country and abroad so that a truly international look in the field can be had." Volume I, Number I of this series is focused on pediatric anesthesia and originates from Boston. The included material is divided into two sections. The shorter first section is concerned with basic pediatrics in the areas of neurology, respiration, radiology, and pulmonary circulation. The second section consists of articles on clinical management of various aspects of pediatric anesthesia. The subject material, by acknowledged authorities in their several fields, is accurate but, unfortunately, necessarily selective. For example, in the section on neurology, more emphasis is placed on pathologic neurologic condition than on the maturation of the normal nervous system. The particular selection of material in each review seems to be
Efficacy and Safety of a Magnesium Sulfate–Rich Natural Mineral Water for Patients With Functional Constipation
Authors: Christophe Dupont, Alain Campagne, Florence Constant
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)

Little is known about the effects of natural mineral water on constipation in adults. We assessed the effect of a magnesium sulfate-rich natural mineral water (Hépar; Nestlé Waters, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France) on gastrointestinal transit in constipated women.We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Hépar in outpatients with functional constipation (based on the Rome III criteria). The study included 244 female patients, age 18 to 60 years, identified by 62 general practitioners throughout France. After a washout period, subjects drank 1.5 L natural low-mineral water daily (control, n = 77), 0.5 L Hépar and 1 L natural low-mineral water daily (Hépar 0.5 group, n = 85), or 1 L Hépar and 0.5 L natural low-mineral water daily (Hépar 1 group, n = 82) for 4 weeks. We collected information on the number and types of stools, abdominal pain, rescue medications, adverse events, and volume of water consumed.We observed no significant effect at week 1. At week 2, constipation was reduced in 21.1% of patients in the control group, in 30.9% in the Hépar 0.5 group (P = .099 vs controls), and in 37.5% in the Hépar 1 group (P = .013 vs controls). The Hépar 1 group also had a decreased number of hard or lumpy stools (Bristol scale, P = .030 vs baseline) and a substantial decrease in the use of rescue medication (P = .034 vs controls). Patient responses correlated with magnesium sulfate concentrations. Safety was very good; there were no serious adverse events among patients who drank Hépar.In a controlled trial, daily consumption of 1 L Hépar reduced constipation and hard or lumpy stools in a greater percentage of women with functional constipation than natural low-mineral water, as early as the second week of treatment.
Photodynamic Therapy Inhibits Experimental Allograft Rejection
Authors: Glenn M. LaMuraglia, Farzin Adili, Thomas Schmitz-Rixen, Norman A. Michaud, Thomas J. Flotte
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Biological vascular allografts have proved unsatisfactory because of thrombosis, occlusion, and aneurysmal degeneration during chronic rejection. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a technique that leads to the production of cytotoxic free radicals, was investigated as a novel method to prepare arterial allografts. Methods and Results Shortly after impregnation with the photosensitizer drug chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine, infrarenal aortas of ACI rats were PDT-treated and orthotopically grafted in Lewis rats (PDT). The transplanted grafts were sequentially analyzed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks by morphometry, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy. Of 25 untreated allografts, 4 (16%) developed aneurysms compared with 0 of 33 in PDT or untreated isografts (ISO, P &lt;.001). PDT treatment of allografts significantly inhibited intimal hyperplasia ( P &lt;.001) and resulted in intimal areas comparable to those in ISO. However, medial thickness in both control allografts and PDT grafts was markedly decreased compared with ISO. External graft diameters of control allografts at 8 weeks were significantly enlarged ( P &lt;.02) compared with PDT or ISO. At all time points, T lymphocytes were found in a substantially larger number in untreated control grafts than in PDT or ISO. Scanning electron microscopy at 4 weeks confirmed complete repopulation with endothelial cells in PDT, which was not seen in the control allografts. Conclusions Our findings suggest that local PDT treatment of arterial allografts inhibits inflammatory infiltration, aneurysmal dilatation, and development of intimal hyperplasia and may be used to develop vascular bioprostheses for use in humans.
Coronary reserve is depressed in postmyocardial infarction reactive cardiac hypertrophy.
Authors: R Karam, B P Healy, P Wicker
Journal: Circulation (1990)

After a myocardial infarction (MI), the remaining myocardium undergoes a compensatory reactive hypertrophy. Although coronary perfusion to the surviving myocardium can be an important determinant of cardiac function in this setting, there are no available data regarding myocardial blood flow in reactive hypertrophy. Accordingly, we measured coronary blood flow and reserve using radioactive microspheres in rats 4 weeks after induction of an MI by ligation of the left coronary artery. Maximal coronary dilation was induced by Carbochrome, a potent coronary vasodilator, infused at a rate of 0.45 mg/kg/min up to a total dose of 12 mg/kg. Sham-operated rats served as controls. All animals in the infarct group had a large MI affecting 30-51% (average, 41%) of the left ventricle. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly elevated (30 +/- 6.5 vs. 8.0 +/- 2.5 mm Hg in sham-operated rats, p less than 0.01) and baseline hemodynamic indexes of cardiac performance were significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced in this group. Myocyte cross-sectional area measurements were used as an index to quantify the degree of reactive hypertrophy and indicated that the infarcted animals had, on average, a 30% hypertrophic response of the surviving left ventricular myocardium. In the infarcted animals, both coronary flow and vasodilator reserve in the surviving myocardium were depressed. Maximal coronary blood flow in the remaining myocardium was significantly lower than that measured in the sham-operated animals (839 and 1,479 ml/min/100 g, respectively; p less than 0.001). Similarly, minimal coronary resistance was significantly higher in the MI group as compared with the sham group (0.12 vs. 0.07 mm Hg/ml/min/100 g, respectively; p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Less listening, more discussion
Authors: J. Dobbing
Journal: BMJ (1981)

and the astute pathologist (I)r D Eakins) noted that the lymph node attached to the gall bladder showcd classical sarcoid.When she Xwas admitted on that occasion hcr x-ray film showed infiltrative changes and her EGG showed first-degree heart block xwith dropped beats and left bundle-branch block.''hus there was definite active sarcoidosis at the age of 88 years, though not actually "acute sarcoidosis" as rcported by Dr Brown and his colleagues.