tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pattern and management of sports injuries presented by lagos state athletes at the 16th national sports festival (kada games 2009) in nigeria
Authors: O B A Owoeye
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background There is a dearth of information on the epidemiology of sports injuries in Nigeria. Objective The study was aimed at documenting sports injuries sustained by Lagos state athletes during the 16th National Sports Festival and providing information on treatments offered to injured athletes. Design Prospective descriptive study. Setting The study was carried out at the Amadu Bello Stadium Complex, sporting arena of the Murtala Square and the team Lagos mini clinic. Participants 132 accredited Lagos state athletes who at one point in time during the games required treatment from any of the members of the medical team. Main outcome measurements Demographic data of athletes, type of injuries, body parts injured and treatment modalities used were recorded on pre-designed injury report forms and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results A total of 140 sports injuries were recorded with an approximate male to female ratio of 2:1 and age ranging from 15 to 38 years. Most of the injuries reported by the athletes were ‘minor’ injuries. Muscle strain was the most common type of injury (31.4%) followed by ligament sprains (22.9%). The lower extremities were the most injured body region accounting for 50% of all injuries. Over 60% of injuries presented by the athletes were from basketball, cricket, hockey, rugby and baseball. Cryotherapy was the most frequently used treatment modality, followed by bandaging and massage with anti-inflammatory gels. Conclusion Establishing injury prevention programmes directed at the lower extremities may help reduce the risk of injuries to the lower extremities. It is recommended that cryotherapy should be made abundantly available to the medical team preferably in forms of portable cold sprays for easy transportation and application during the games. This data provides information that will be useful to both state and federal medical teams in preparing for future games.
Unrecognised psychiatric illness in medical patients.
Authors: J Nabarro
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Unrecognised psychiatric illness in medical patientsOf the several papers published on unrecognised psychiatric illness in medical patients, most have appeared in psychia- tric journals and may not have come to the attention of general or specialist physicians.Nevertheless, in the Lancet review in 1979 the incidence of psychiatric illness reported ranged from 25% to 83%.' Clearly this figure depended on how psychiatric illness was defined and the type of hospital surveyed.Many of the papers reviewed had been by psychiatrists, who pointed to the failure of their general medical colleagues to recognise psychiatric problems in their patients.This judgment, however, was largely based on a scrutiny of the case notes, summaries, and doctors' letters to decide whether the psychiatric aspect had been recognised, and it may have underestimated the ability of the non-psychiatrist to spot a psychiatric component in a patient's illness.To make a balanced assessment three problems need to be considered.Firstly, how common is psychiatric illness in medical patients?Secondly, how important is it that it should be recognised and documen- ted?Thirdly, if it is important what can be done to ensure more frequent recognition?In a study in the particularly busy medical wards of the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford, 170 patients were given the general health questionnaire, and the 77 who had a score
Further Experiences with Gastric Freezing.
Authors: Owen H. Wangensteen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Further Experiences with Gastric Freezing.Owen H. Wangensteen, M.D., Robert L. Goodale, M.D., Eugene F. Bernstein, M.D., John P. Delaney, M.D., Arthur J. Madsen, M.D., Zvi Eyal, M.D.Owen H. Wangensteen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert L. Goodale, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Eugene F. Bernstein, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John P. Delaney, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Arthur J. Madsen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Zvi Eyal, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-722_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptClinical gastric freezing for manifestations of peptic ulcer has been under scrutiny in the Department of Surgery at the University of Minnesota over a period of 2 years. Attending a single gastric freeze, more than 85 per cent of patients consistently experience relief of pain. The healing of demonstrated prefreeze ulcer craters occurs also in 85 per cent of patients subjected to gastric freezing. Secretory depression to conventional gastric stimulants, though not observed uniformly, occurs in a large number of patients. Six months after a single gastric freeze, approximately 50 per cent of our patients continue asymptomatic. Those with symptoms... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Owen H. Wangensteen, M.D.; Robert L. Goodale, M.D.; Eugene F. Bernstein, M.D.; John P. Delaney, M.D.; Arthur J. Madsen, M.D.; Zvi Eyal, M.D.Affiliations: Minneapolis, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 722-722KeywordsGastric ulcersPeptic ulcersSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Challenges and Controversies
Authors: Sean D. Ruland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings1 August 1998Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Challenges and ControversiesSean D. Ruland, DOSean D. Ruland, DOUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-3-199808010-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Challenges and Controversies; Thompson AJ, Polman C, Hohlfeld R; eds. 360 pages. London: Martin-Dunitz Publishers; 1997. $99.50. ISBN 1853174289. Order phone 44-171-482-2202.Field of medicine: Neurology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Neurologists and other physicians who treat patients with multiple sclerosis.Purpose: To address the challenging and controversial issues surrounding the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis.Content: This all-encompassing work covers all aspects of multiple sclerosis, from basic science to the successes and failures of contemporary research to the holistic management of patients. Discussions of holistic management are not limited to prevention of progression or improvement of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1998Volume 129, Issue 3Page: 259KeywordsForecastingMultiple sclerosisNeurologyPatientsPregnancySexual dysfunction ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
TGFα and Amphiregulin Paracrine Network Promotes Resistance to EGFR Blockade in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Sebastijan Hobor, Beth O. Van Emburgh, Emily Crowley, Sandra Misale, Federica Di Nicolantonio, Alberto Bardelli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Targeted inhibition of EGFR with the mAbs cetuximab or panitumumab is a valuable treatment for RAS wild-type colorectal cancers. The efficacy of EGFR blockade is limited by the emergence of acquired resistance often attributed to secondary KRAS mutations. Remarkably, tumor biopsies from resistant patients show that only a fraction of the resilient cells carry KRAS mutations. We hypothesized that a paracrine cross-talk driven by the resistant subpopulation may provide in trans protection of surrounding sensitive cells. Experimental design: Conditioned medium assays and three-dimensional cocultures were used to assess paracrine networks between cetuximab-sensitive and -resistant cells. Production of EGFR ligands by cells sensitive to cetuximab and panitumumab was measured. The ability of recombinant EGFR ligands to protect sensitive cells from cetuximab was assessed. Biochemical activation of the EGFR signaling pathway was measured by Western blotting. Results: Colorectal cancer cells sensitive to EGFR blockade can successfully grow despite cetuximab treatment when in the company of their resistant derivatives. Media conditioned by resistant cells protect sensitive parental cells from cetuximab. EGFR blockade triggers increased secretion of TGFα and amphiregulin. Increased secretion of ligands by resistant cells can sustain EGFR/ERK signaling in sensitive cells. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer cells that develop resistance to cetuximab and panitumumab secrete TGFα and amphiregulin, which protect the surrounding cells from EGFR blockade. This paracrine protective mechanism might be therapeutically exploitable. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6429–38. ©2014 AACR.
NORMAL AND ABNORMAL BACTERIAL FLORA OF THE NOSE
Authors: LEON ORRIS JACOBSON
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The frequency with which an abnormal bacterial flora was found in cases of frank nasal infection and in the nasal passages of persons without objective changes in the nasal mucosa or subjective symptoms of sinus infection led us to undertake a systematic and comprehensive study of the bacteriology of the nose. <h3>METHODS</h3> The nasal secretion of 500 consecutive patients admitted to our general medical service was cultured. The age of the patients varied from 4 weeks to 78 years. Cultures were made by inserting a sterile swab far back into the nasal cavity and streaking a blood (sheep blood) agar plate directly. Material from each side of the nose was cultured separately. In some cases cultures were made in the same manner with Löffler's medium. Cultures were made of sterilely obtained antral washings by inoculating nutrient broth, dextrose broth and blood agar plates. Cultures thus obtained were incubated at 37.5
What Ecologic Analyses Cannot Tell Us About Medical Marijuana Legalization and Opioid Pain Medication Mortality—Reply
Authors: Marcus A. Bachhuber, Brendan Saloner, Colleen L. Barry
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

In Reply We agree with Finney et al that large, prospective studies of the effects of medical cannabis in individuals with chronic pain are warranted. However, we believe that results from studies of state-level data can also be informative.
The polymerase L528M mutation cooperates with nucleotide binding-site mutations, increasing hepatitis B virus replication and drug resistance
Authors: Suzane Kioko Ono, Naoya Kato, Yasushi Shiratori, Jun Kato, Tadashi Goto, Raymond F. Schinazi, Flair José Carrilho, Masao Omata
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

After receiving lamivudine for 3 years to treat chronic hepatitis B, 67–75% of patients develop B-domain L528M, C-domain M552I, or M552V mutations in the HBV polymerase that render hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug-resistant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of these mutations on viral replication and resistance to antiviral agents. We investigated the replication fitness and susceptibility of the wild-type and five mutant HBVs (L528M, M552I, M552V, L528M/M552I, and L528M/M552V) to 11 compounds [lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir (BMS-200475) (+)-BCH-189 (±)-FTC (racivir) (–)-FTC (emtricitabine) (+)-FTC, L-D4FC, L-FMAU (clevudine), D-DAPD, and (–)-carbovir] by transfecting HBV DNA into hepatoma cells and monitoring viral products by Southern blotting. The replication competency of the single C-domain mutants M552I and M552V was markedly decreased compared with that of wild-type HBV. However, addition of the B-domain mutation L528M restored replication competence. Only adefovir and entecavir were effective against all five HBV mutants, and higher doses of these compounds were necessary to inhibit the double mutants compared with the single mutants. The B-domain mutation (L528M) of HBV polymerase not only restores the replication competence of C-domain mutants, but also increases resistance to nucleoside analogues.
Pentazocine and Its Relation to Addiction
Authors: Nathan B. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  The letter by Arnold L. Flick, MD on Addicting and Nonaddicting Drugs ( 194 :937 1965) requires comment.  The author's concern in principle about the possibility of abuse and psychic dependence with any agent which affects mood is quite commendable, but his statement  has not been an agent which can affect mood which will not addict a certain percentage of the population is a part of the general confusion presently existing in the use of the term addiction. A recent report published by the World Health Organization, Drug Dependence: Its Significance and Characteristics, 1 says:  There is scarcely any agent which can be taken into the body to which some individuals will not get a reaction satisfactory or pleasureable to them, persuading them to continue its use even to the point of abuse—that is, to excessive and persistent use beyond medical need.  I think that Dr. Flick's
Road Back From Substance Abuse Especially Long, Hard for Athletes
Authors: Virginia Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1986)

IT IS NOT HARD to see why athletes feel comfortable with Forest Tennant, MD, the California physician who has treated many athletes for substance abuse. In looks, speech,  actions, he is one of them. There is more than just a hint of the late University of Alabama football coach Paul (Bear) Bryant in Tennant, who would look perfectly at home striding up  down the sidelines turned out in a hounds-tooth check hat.  To watch him with a patient in end-stage liver disease as a by-product of alcoholism is a study in benevolent paternalism. The patient's eyes betray his confusion,  his anxiety is manifest in a flickering smile that gradually becomes more genuine as Tennant gives him the game plan of treatment.  Paternalism is needed in treating addiction, Tennant says calmly, and I really believe that most doctors are not comfortable with that. Fortunately, we see most substance
Use of Hospital-Based Acute Care Among Patients Recently Discharged From the Hospital
Authors: Anita A. Vashi, Justin P. Fox, Brendan G. Carr, Gail D’Onofrio, Jesse M. Pines, Joseph S. Ross, Cary P. Gross
Journal: JAMA (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>Current efforts to improve health care focus on hospital readmission rates as a marker of quality and on the effectiveness of transitions in care during the period after acute care is received. Emergency department (ED) visits are also a marker of hospital-based acute care following discharge but little is known about ED use during this period.<h3>Objectives</h3>To determine the degree to which ED visits and hospital readmissions contribute to overall use of acute care services within 30 days of discharge from acute care hospitals, to describe the reasons patients return for ED visits, and to describe these patterns among Medicare beneficiaries and those not covered by Medicare insurance.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Prospective study of patients aged 18 years or older (mean age: 53.4 years) who were discharged between July 1, 2008, and September 31, 2009, from acute care hospitals in 3 large, geographically diverse states (California, Florida, and Nebraska) with data recorded in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project state inpatient and ED databases.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>The 3 primary outcomes during the 30-day period after hospital discharge were ED visits not resulting in admission (treat-and-release encounters), hospital readmissions from any source, and a combined measure of ED visits and hospital readmissions termed hospital-based acute care.<h3>Results</h3>The final cohort included 5 032 254 index hospitalizations among 4 028 555 unique patients. In the 30 days following discharge, 17.9% (95% CI, 17.9%-18.0%) of hospitalizations resulted in at least 1 acute care encounter. Of these 1 233 402 postdischarge acute care encounters, ED visits comprised 39.8% (95% CI, 39.7%-39.9%). For every 1000 discharges, there were 97.5 (95% CI, 97.2-97.8) ED treat-and-release visits and 147.6 (95% CI, 147.3-147.9) hospital readmissions in the 30 days following discharge. The number of ED treat-and-release visits ranged from a low of 22.4 (95% CI, 4.6-65.4) encounters per 1000 discharges for breast malignancy to a high of 282.5 (95% CI, 209.7-372.4) encounters per 1000 discharges for uncomplicated benign prostatic hypertrophy. Among the highest volume discharges, the most common reason patients returned to the ED was always related to their index hospitalization.<h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3>After discharge from acute care hospitals in 3 states, ED visits within 30 days were common among adults and accounted for 39.8% of postdischarge hospital-based acute care visits. Improving care transitions should focus not only on decreasing readmissions but also on ED visits.
Cardiovascular Reflex Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Richard E Ringel, Stuart A Chalew, Karen A Armour, Judith McLughun, Robert J McCarter, Wendy E Kramer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To assess the usefulness of specific cardiovascular reflex tests in childhood and to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular reflex abnormalities among children with IDDM. In adults, abnormal cardiovascular reflexes are a frequent complication of diabetes, associated with increased morbidity and mortality.We measured heart-rate responses to deep breathing and standing in ambulatory children with and without IDDM between 6-19 yr of age. A subgroup of the IDDM patients was retested after 1 yr.We found the best techniques for detecting cardiovascular reflex abnormality in children were as follows: to record heart-rate responses to deep breathing either as the change in heart rate corrected for inspiratory heart rate or as the ratio of R-R intervals during expiration and inspiration; and to use the Maximum-minimum ratio for heart-rate responses to standing. HR-DBc was lower in diabetic than nondiabetic children (28.6 +/- 9.2% [n = 248] vs. 33.6 +/- 6.8% [n = 60]; P < 0.0005). Similarly, E:I was lower in children with IDDM than control subjects (1.42 +/- 0.19 [n = 248] vs. 1.52 +/- 0.15 [n = 60]; P < 0.0005). In the IDDM group, 21% of the children had abnormal HR-DBc or E:I responses. HR-STND M/m was lower in children with IDDM than control subjects (1.28 +/- 0.20 [n = 167] vs. 1.38 +/- 0.22 [n = 45]; P < 0.014). Among children with IDDM, 11.4% had abnormal HR-STND M/m responses. Overall, 29% of IDDM children tested abnormal in either HR-DBc or HR-STND M/m; 3% were abnormal in both tests. We found no correlation of HbA1c levels (n = 74) or duration of diabetes with either HR-DB, expiration to inspiration (n = 248), or HR-STND M/m (n = 167). In patients who were reevaluated after 1 yr we found a high correlation of the first and repeat HR-DBc tests (r = 0.47, n = 75, P < 0.0001), E:I (r = 0.53, n = 75, P < 0.0001), and HR-STND M/m (r = .49, n = 37, P < 0.002), but no evidence of an increased number of children with cardiovascular reflex abnormality.With easily performed HR-DB and HR-STND tests, we detected cardiovascular reflex abnormality in 29% of children with IDDM. We found no correlation of changes in HR-DB and HR-STND with HbA1c or duration of diabetes. These tests provide an objective clinical measurement to monitor autonomic neuropathy in children with diabetes.
Brain disorders cost the most overall but attract the least research funding
Authors: Krishna Chinthapalli
Journal: BMJ (2013)

There needs to be more funding for research into neurological and psychiatric disorders, say the authors of a study into the costs of such disorders.

The study found that “for every £1m (€1.2m; $1.5m) of health and social care costs attributable to each disease, cancer received £129 269 in research funding, coronary heart disease received £73 153, stroke received £8745, and dementia received just £4882.”1

Barbara Sahakian, president of the British Association for Psychopharmacology, and principal investigator for the study, said at a press briefing, “No group of chronic diseases costs the world more than brain disorders, with one third of the adult population suffering from a mental disorder …
DIASTOLIC WALL STRAIN AS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Satoshi Tsujimoto, Yoko Miyasaka, Yoshinobu Suwa, Hirofumi Maeba, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Ichiro Shiojima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Reviews and Notes: A Dictionary of Epidemiology
Authors: Edward J. Huth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine15 April 1996Reviews and Notes: A Dictionary of EpidemiologyEdward J. Huth, MDEdward J. Huth, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-8-199604150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail 3rd edition. JM Last; ed. 180 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1995. $16.95. ISBN 0195096681. Order phone 800-451-7556.Why review a small dictionary on the market long enough to get to a third edition? There is ample reason. The first edition came out in 1983. “Epidemiology” is no longer only a tag for the field epidemiology once was: the study of disease outbreaks, prevalences of chronic diseases, and other questions about populations. Its then-small sibling, “clinical epidemiology,” has grown well past adolescence and talks its own talk. And there is the not-yet tersely named discipline of “clinical trials research,” ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1996Volume 124, Issue 8Page: 778KeywordsAdolescentsClinical epidemiologyClinical trialsDistillationEpidemiologyForecastingPopulation attributable riskPopulation statisticsReceiver operating characteristic curve ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 April 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Blood Transfusion and Cardiac Surgery
Authors: David McIlroy
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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