tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VALUE OF TESTS FOR INVISIBLE HEMORRHAGE IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS.
Authors: FRANKLIN W. WHITE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Hemorrhage into the stomach and bowel may be divided into two groups, visible and invisible, which have in general the same significance and differ only in degree. Hemorrhage has always been considered an important sign in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive tract, but until Boas,<sup>1</sup>in 1901, called attention to the value of chemical tests for blood the gastric contents and feces had been chiefly examined with the naked eye and the microscope. The simple appearance is not a good guide, as Kuttner<sup>2</sup>was the first to point out, for a stomach contents may, if strongly acid, contain considerable blood without its being visible to the eye, the stools may be colored dark or reddish by food or drugs and be very deceptive; finally, very light colored stools may contain considerable blood coming from high up in the digestive tract. Microscopic examination is sufficient
VA Hospitals Prepare for Desert Storm Casualties
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THE VETERANS AFFAIRS (VA) Department—preparing for whatever happens in Desert Storm—has 80 hospitals available as receiving centers for wounded personnel and another 79 hospitals as secondary support centers. More than 8000 beds can be available at 24 hours' notice and an additional 7000 beds within 72 hours. The agency is the Department of Defense's (DOD) backup provider (in the United States) of medical care and services. The DOD has about 16 000 beds available worldwide for acute care, so long-term care—and probably some acute care—will be provided by VA hospitals, says Gen James W. Holsinger, Jr, MD, chief VA medical officer. "The goal is to provide the maximum number of staffed beds for active duty military casualties in as short a time as possible while continuing to provide care to eligible veterans," says Edward J. Derwinski, secretary of the VA Department. There is criticism from some veterans groups that budget
Mandatory HIV Testing
Authors: Edward Weissman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 August 1994Mandatory HIV TestingEdward Weissman, MDEdward Weissman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-4-199408150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Physicians have been urged to explore and divulge their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status to their colleagues and patients. The obverse has not been emphasized—that HIV-infected patients accept their moral responsibility by revealing their health status to their providers, who are admonished not to refuse care to such persons.The position paper by the American College of Physicians and the Infectious Diseases Society of America [1] enumerates reasons for HIV testing but does not support universal, mandatory evaluation. Faced with a uniformly fatal epidemic, why is the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) exempted from epidemiologic efforts that helped ...References1. American College of Physicians and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:310-9. Google Scholar2. Cohen MS, Dallabetta G, Laga M, Holmes KK. A new deal in HIV prevention: lessons from the global approach (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:340-1. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNon-Bayesian Classification to Obtain High Quality Clinical Decisions 15 August 1994Volume 121, Issue 4Page: 309-310KeywordsAIDSChildrenEpidemiologyHIVHealth care providersInfectious disease epidemiologyInfectious diseasesPatientsPediatric infectionsPrevention, policy, and public health Issue Published: 15 August 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tuberculosis Patient Care of the Future
Authors: William W. Stead
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Your EDITORIAL, Care of Tuberculosis Patients: Reprise, may well involve you in a very hot issue with inadequate consideration of all sides of the problem. Physicians engaged in tuberculosis work have resisted closing of facilities and have emphasized the points made in your EDITORIAL, but the truth of the matter today is that the fiscal crisis that exists in every government unit in the country is simply forcing city councils, county supervisors, and state legislators to look to a change in ways of managing tuberculosis as a means of reducing expenditures. And, it is not entirely unreasonable, because very considerable savings can be realized without compromising quality of care, if intelligent reorganization of facilities is undertaken in advance.  In former years, and persisting to the present, outpatient facilities for supervision of chemotherapy have been an appendage to inpatient facilities. Outpatient facilities have usually had no real budget
THE MECHANISM OF ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
Authors: James W. Jobling, William Petersen, A. A. Eggstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

1. The serum ferments are practically unaltered by a primary injection of foreign protein. 2. During the course of sensitization the injection of the antigen is followed by the mobilization of a non-specific protease which increases in rapidity and intensity as the maximum period of sensitization is reached. 3. Acute shock is accompanied by: (a) The instantaneous mobilization of a large amount of non-specific protease; (b) a decrease in antiferment; (c) an increase in non-coagulable nitrogen of the serum; (d) an increase in amino-acids; (e) a primary decrease in serum proteoses. 4. Later there is a progressive increase in the non-coagulable nitrogen, in proteoses, and in serum lipase. 5. The acute intoxication is brought about by the cleavage of serum proteins (and proteoses) through the peptone stage by a non-specific protease. 6. The specific elements lie in the rapid, mobilization of this ferment and the colloidal serum changes which bring about the change in antiferment titer.
Drama in Medicine?
Authors: Henry M. Seidel
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
G Protein–Coupled Receptor G2A
Authors: Kaikobad Irani
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

A therosclerosis is, in large part, an inflammatory process.White blood cells of different lineages are essential components of the atherosclerotic plaque.More important than their numbers, white blood cells influence the structure of an atherosclerotic plaque, and the function of the vessel in which the plaque is present, by secreting a host of agents that affect resident vascular cells. 1 Macrophages, derived from circulating monocytes, are one class of white blood cells that, as part of the atherosclerotic plaque, play a critical part in the progression of the plaque, and in compromising its structural integrity. 1Long before an atherosclerotic plaque is clinically detectable, one of the earliest steps in its genesis is the adhesion of circulating monocytes to the endothelium, and subsequent transmigration into the vessel wall.Because it is well-recognized that these very early stages are critical to plaque development, a great deal of energy has been devoted to trying to understand the mechanisms underpinning them.The work by Hedrick and colleagues in this issue of Circulation Research 2 adds to this understanding.This work examines the part of a G protein-coupled receptor, G2A, in modulating the interaction between monocytes and the vascular endothelium.Using mice that are deficient for G2A, the authors convincingly demonstrate that endogenous G2A tonically inhibits accumulation of monocytes in the vascular wall.G2A is abundantly expressed in hematopoietic cells (including monocytes), and has been shown to inhibit proliferation of lymphoid cells. 3However, with transplants of bone marrows of G2A-deficient and wild-type mice into ␥-irradiated wild-type and G2A-deficient hosts, the authors elegantly demonstrate that it is G2A expressed in cells other than those derived from the bone marrow, that is responsible for the greater numbers of monocytes observed in the aortas of G2A knockout mice.Furthermore, to refute the criticism that their observation may simply reflect a global increase in hematopoietic cell proliferation, the authors show that there are fewer number of T lymphocytes in the aortas of G2Adeficient animals.If lack of G2A was simply "releasing the brakes" of cells in which it is expressed, then one would anticipate a uniform increase in the number of lymphocytes and monocytes in mice lacking it.Thus, taken together, these
Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Human Sympathoadrenal Neuroendocrine System
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Mary Jean Moore, Philip E. Cryer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

THE sympathoadrenal system is the prototype neuroendocrine system. Epinephrine is a hormone in the traditional sense. It is secreted from the adrenal medullae into the circulation and transported to its various target cells. In contrast, norepinephrine is primarily a neurotransmitter. It is released from axon terminals of sympathetic postganglionic neurons and deposited directly at innervated target cells. The adrenal medullae also release some norepinephrine1 and can become major sources of norepinephrine in plasma under certain conditions such as hypoglycemia. Since plasma norepinephrine concentrations occasionally rise to levels that produce biologic effects, 2 norepinephrine may also act as a hormone.The catecholamines . . .
Atrial fibrillation and rheumatoid arthritis are cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: J. Hippisley-Cox, C. Coupland, J. Robson, P. Brindle
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Herniated lumbar disc may be asymptomatic or associated with lower limb radiculopathy. Most spinal surgeons would offer surgery following a period of conservative measures if the radiological and clinical findings correlate. However, the existing dictum that lumbar radiculopathy should correlate with ipsilateral lumbar disc herniation may not be accurate as it can rarely present with contralateral sciatica. Literature regarding this phenomenon is scarce. Therefore, we report a patient with herniated lumbar disc presenting with predominantly contralateral motor weakness radiculopathy, which resolved after discectomy.
Simultaneous Evaluation of Infarct Size and Cardiac Function in Intact Mice by Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Contractile Dysfunction in Noninfarcted Regions Early After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zequan Yang, Stuart S. Berr, Wesley D. Gilson, Marie-Claire Toufektsian, Brent A. French
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The objective of this study was to noninvasively determine the effects of reperfused myocardial infarction (MI) on regional and global left-ventricular (LV) function 24 hours after MI in intact mice with contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI and a single, gradient-echo pulse sequence.Twenty-three mice received baseline MRI scans followed by either 60 minutes of coronary occlusion (MI group, n=15) or thoracotomy without occlusion (sham group, n=8). Gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired 24 hours after surgery. Hearts were then excised for conventional infarct size determination via 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. In addition to infarct size, analysis of the MR images yielded left ventricular (LV) mass, LV end-systolic volume (LVESV), LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiac output, and percent LV wall thickening (%WTh). Twenty-four hours after surgery, infarct size was 28.1+/-1.8% of LV mass by MRI and 27.5+/-1.7% by TTC (P=NS). Bland-Altman analysis revealed close agreement between the results obtained by the 2 methods. MI had little effect on LVEDV but caused a 98% increase in LVESV (from 11.3 to 22.4 microL, P<0.05), which resulted in a significant reduction in LVEF (from 70% to 37%, P<0.05). Compared with LV regional function at baseline, %WTh 24 hours after MI was significantly depressed, not only in infarcted myocardium but also in regions remote from the infarct zone. In contrast, sham-operated mice showed a small but significant increase in %WTh 24 hours after surgery (P<0.05).MRI can accurately assess both infarct size and cardiac function in intact mice early after large, reperfused MI, revealing the existence of contractile dysfunction in noninfarcted regions of the heart.
A NEW NEEDLE FOR FASCIAL SUTURING
Authors: Clarence G. Shearon
Journal: JAMA (1928)

After witnessing numerous operations for the repair of inguinal hernias by the autoplastic method of Dr. L. L. McArthur, and after seeing the need of a more efficient means of fasciai suturing, I designed the needle here described. The shape of the needle may be either half curved, as shown in the accompanying illustration, or full curved if desirable. The needle is a bivalved hollow cylinder which opens and contains three rows of teeth. The end of the fascial suture, cut close to the muscle origin, is placed therein. The cylinder is closed and then locked by means of a locking hinge joint. This locking is accomplished through the medium of a square pin fixed in the body of the needle, which passes through a keyhole slot in the tongue of the top half of the cylinder. Thus, when the square pin is in the rounded end of the keyhole slot, the
Pediatric Intensive Care
Authors: Alan I. Fields
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This textbook by Dr Jeffrey Morray and coauthors is designed for pediatric house officers and intensive care nurses and is based on the experience at one children's hospital's pediatric intensive care unit. It is organized "much along the lines of daily work rounds." The authors' goals have been to focus on pathophysiology and on an organized, rational approach to therapy. The book starts with fluid and electrolytes, reviews organ systems (discussing common diseases that involve these systems), and finishes with chapters on trauma, pharmacology, toxicology, and transport. This book is extremely easy to read. The text reads as if it were a transcription of well-referenced, basic core lectures to pediatric residents. The pathophysiology is brief and covers those aspects most applicable to clinical care. The book's strength is its brief but clinically relevant review of physiology, which does not burden the reader with excessive nonclinical information. Both original and adapted
Court Clinics in Massachusetts
Authors: Donald Hayes Russell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

TEN years ago a program to provide psychiatric services to courts was established in Massachusetts by the Division of Legal Medicine of the Department of Mental Health. From the small beginning of 1 pilot clinic, the system currently operates 15 clinics in courts throughout the Commonwealth.The service that has been developed is twofold, the first service being a consultative function to give opinions in matters of competency, mental-hospital commitment, dangerousness, disposition and possibility of treatment. This is an extension of the time-honored role of psychiatry in the courts and is oriented toward helping the legal system resolve the myriad . . .
Inhibition of NF-κB activation in macrophages increases atherosclerosis in LDL receptor–deficient mice
Authors: Edwin Kanters, Manolis Pasparakis, Marion J.J. Gijbels, Monique N. Vergouwe, Iris Partouns-Hendriks, Remond J.A. Fijneman, Björn E. Clausen, Irmgard Förster, Mark M. Kockx, Klaus Rajewsky, Georg Kraal, Marten H. Hofker, Menno P.J. de Winther
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Atherosclerosis is now generally accepted as a chronic inflammatory condition. The transcription factor NF-kappaB is a key regulator of inflammation, immune responses, cell survival, and cell proliferation. To investigate the role of NF-kappaB activation in macrophages during atherogenesis, we used LDL receptor-deficient mice with a macrophage-restricted deletion of IkappaB kinase 2 (IKK2), which is essential for NF-kappaB activation by proinflammatory signals. These mice showed increased atherosclerosis as quantified by lesion area measurements. In addition, the lesions were more advanced and showed more necrosis and increased cell number in early lesions. Southern blotting revealed that deletion of IKK2 was approximately 65% in macrophages, coinciding with a reduction of 50% in NF-kappaB activation, as compared with controls. In both groups, the expression of differentiation markers, uptake of bacteria, and endocytosis of modified LDL was similar. Upon stimulation with LPS, production of TNF was reduced by approximately 50% in IKK2-deleted macrophages. Interestingly, we also found a major reduction in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Our data show that inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway in macrophages leads to more severe atherosclerosis in mice, possibly by affecting the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance that controls the development of atherosclerosis.
Imaging Features of Adult Neuroblastoma in F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xinchong Shi, Xiaoyan Wang, Chang Yi, Xiangsong Zhang, Zhifeng Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Neuroblastoma is an embryonal tumor from the neural crest cell, which generally occurs in young children with a median age of about 17 months. The incidence of adult was only 0.12 cases per million per year. Because metastatic disease was present in approximately one-third of all adult patients at diagnosis, accurate staging was necessary before the initial therapy. We report F-18 FDG PET/CT findings a case of adult neuroblastoma in the anterior mediastinum with skeletal and pulmonary metastasis, which demonstrates the utility of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the staging of adult neuroblastoma.
Response to Acceptance of the Scientific Achievement Award
Authors: Edward C. Kendall
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The late Dr. Charles Mayo used to say that if someone wanted to give him flowers he hoped that they would do so while he could smell them. It is an honor to accept the Scientific Achievement Award and it is a pleasure to receive it while I can stand on my feet. My response will concern some observations about time and some conclusions which have been reached during the past 55 years, all of which have been spent in a chemical laboratory. The passing years have been compared with the flight of an arrow. Time does not change its course, and any research problem either is carried forward or it slips from its place in the procession. Prior to 1492 the Western Hemisphere was visited by more than one explorer, but the old world was not ready to expand. The reports of these explorers soon were forgotten. Superstition, fear,
Passive Smoking, Coronary Heart Disease, and Meta-Analysis
Authors: John C. Bailar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Meta-analysis — the formal combination of the research results from multiple studies — is widely used, but with little general understanding of its limitations and uncertainties. There is something quite appealing about collecting all the available research on some question and reducing it to a single figure or a single confidence interval. When properly used, this approach can be useful. However, there is broad evidence that the results of meta-analyses are often not very reliable. LeLorier et al.1 have shown that many meta-analyses do not agree with the results of subsequent large, randomized trials, and there is little reason to . . .
Rapid establishment of dendritic cell chimerism in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Susanne Auffermann-Gretzinger, Izidore S. Lossos, Tamara A. Vayntrub, Wendy Leong, F. Carl Grumet, Karl G. Blume, Keith E. Stockerl-Goldstein, Ronald Levy, Judith A. Shizuru
Journal: Blood (2002)
Cytotoxic response of human regulatory T cells upon T-cell receptor-mediated activation: a matter of purity
Authors: S Koristka, M Cartellieri, C Arndt, A Feldmann, K Töpfer, I Michalk, A Temme, G Ehninger, M Bachmann
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are major players in immune homeostasis, and defects in their number and/or function are associated with a broad range of immunological disorders including autoimmunity, graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), transplant rejection, chronic infections or malignant diseases.1, 2 One way of how Tregs actively damp an immune response might be direct induction of apoptosis in activated antigen-presenting cells as well as in conventional effector T cells (Teffs) by secretion of lytic granzyme- and perforin-containing granula. Despite the substantial progress made in our understanding of Treg biology, the cytotoxic potential of Tregs is still under debate. As Tregs are under intense investigation as cellular therapeutics for treatment of GvHD and graft rejection, and might also interfere with novel antitumor strategies,3 this question is not a purely academic one but also implies major consequences for the prospective development of clinical treatment strategies involving Tregs. To shed some light on this controversial issue, we decided to analyze this question using peripheral human Tregs, as these cells are one major source for potential therapeutic applications.1, 2 As Tregs are a very rare population in human peripheral blood, it seems currently technically too challenging to isolate sufficient Treg numbers with defined antigen-specificity in a way as it can be done for—for example, virus- or tumor-specific Teffs. Therefore, in this study recombinant bispecific antibodies (bsAb) were applied for antigen-specific redirection of polyclonal human T cells as surrogate for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated stimulation. BsAb comprise binding sites for two different target antigens (for example, CD3 and a cell surface antigen) and can directly cross-link T cells and antigen-expressing cells. This results in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)- and TCR-independent activation and triggering of effector mechanisms of the cross-linked immune cell.4 T-cell-engaging bsAb have been proven to be highly effective in inducing the lytic capacity of both CD4+ and CD8+ Teffs in vitro, in vivo and even in clinical trials and closely resemble signal cascades induced upon binding of a TCR to its target peptide/MHC complex.4, 5, 6