tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Optimal Cardiovascular Prevention Strategies for the 21st Century
Authors: Simon Capewell, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia with RP 22050
Authors: C. Jacquillat, M. Weil, M. F. Gemon, V. Izrael, G. Schaison, M. Boiron, J. Bernard
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Fourty-four patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia were treated with RP 22050, a new, semisynthetic derivative of daunorubicin. Complete remissions were achieved in 20 patients (45%). The median dose given was 23 mg/kg. The toxicity of RP 22050 is mainly haematological. Resistance rather than death in aplasia seemed to be the cause of failure of therapy.
Dismissal of Tenured Faculty in Medicine: Income-Limitation Agreements
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

IN an important first-impression decision, the Federal District Court in Tennessee has upheld the authority of the University of Tennessee to dismiss full-time tenured professors at the Medical School who had not agreed to and signed an income-limitation agreement signed by all other faculty members.* One of the professors was also dismissed as a department chairman during the middle of the year. This action was also upheld.The dismissed physicians had brought an action in the Federal District Court alleging violation of their civil rights. They claimed that they had a constitutional right under due process of law to practice . . .
Psychodynamics of Sustained High Blood Pressure
Authors: J. Hambling
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

Early in essential hypertension the diastolic pressure shows highly labile pressor responses to stressful relationships with certain other people, who can be regarded as external persecutors. Diastolic pressure will remain high over periods of stress with such persecutors, but it is not clear whether other physical mechanisms are necessary for the development of sustained and of deteriorating hypertension. It is generally assumed that they are necessary. However, two situations are developed in this paper, where sustained and deteriorating hypertension seems to be determined by unconscious mental images, one of an alarming situation, and the other of an internalised driving parent, determining both hectic behaviour and hypertension. To some extent both complexes yielded to psychotherapy with considerable relief in the pressor state, and in one case with radical behaviour change.
Hypoxia in childhood pneumonia: better detection and more oxygen needed in developing countries
Authors: T Dyke, N Brown
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Even though hypoxia is a major risk factor for death in children with acute respiratory infection in developing countries, oxygen is not part of first line treatment. Because oxygen is not readily available in developing countries it tends to be given to the most seriously ill children, whose outcome is poor. Oxygen might be useful if given earlier in the course of the disease. Clinical signs are not clear cut, however, though the presence of cyanosis and grunting together with a raised respiratory rate can significantly increase the detection of hypoxaemia. A simple oximeter would make detection easier, and oxygen concentrators are more cost effective than bottled oxygen. Ideally oxygen should be given to children in the early stages of clinical pneumonia to prevent deterioration.Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is responsible for many childhood deaths in developing countries, particularly deaths of children less than six months old. A major risk factor for death in children with ARI is hypoxia, which is oxygen saturation of 90% in the blood, but administration of oxygen is rare and, when it is administered, clinicians tend to use it when the children become so severely ill that their outcome is poor. Oxygen is not readily available in developing countries. Administration of oxygen earlier in the course of ARI may improve outcome and prevent deterioration. In Papua New Guinea, standard treatment manuals list indications for oxygen use as cardiac failure, grunting, drowsiness, and apneic episodes, in addition to cyanosis and restlessness. Indications that significantly increase diagnosis of hypoxemia and therefore the need for oxygen, although they are not clear cut, include either cyanosis or grunting together with an increased respiratory rate. Use of pulse oximeters would facilitate decisions to use oxygen, but they are cost-prohibitive for developing countries, except in a few well-equipped health facilities. A pragmatic approach to making a decision on what child receives oxygen is administration of a test dose and monitoring the child's response after 24 hours of oxygen therapy. If the child's condition improves, oxygen treatment should continue. Rational criteria are needed to facilitate the decision to stop giving oxygen to a child who does not respond, however. Oxygen concentrators may improve management of childhood pneumonia in developing countries and would be more cost-effective than conventional bottled oxygen. Yet, oxygen concentrators depend on a reliable electricity source. Providers should use an intranasal catheter to administer oxygen to children with pneumonia, since it is less wasteful (50% oxygen concentration at low rate of 0.5 l/min) and safer should the tube disconnect.
Selection of Functional Human Sperm with Higher DNA Integrity and Fewer Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Waseem Asghar, Vanessa Velasco, James L. Kingsley, Muhammad S. Shoukat, Hadi Shafiee, Raymond M. Anchan, George L. Mutter, Erkan Tüzel, Utkan Demirci
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Fertilization and reproduction are central to the survival and propagation of a species. Couples who cannot reproduce naturally have to undergo in vitro clinical procedures. An integral part of these clinical procedures includes isolation of healthy sperm from raw semen. Existing sperm sorting methods are not efficient and isolate sperm having high DNA fragmentation and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and suffer from multiple manual steps and variations between operators. Inspired by in vivo natural sperm sorting mechanisms where vaginal mucus becomes less viscous to form microchannels to guide sperm towards egg, a chip is presented that efficiently sorts healthy, motile and morphologically normal sperm without centrifugation. Higher percentage of sorted sperm show significantly lesser ROS and DNA fragmentation than the conventional swim‐up method. The presented chip is an easy‐to‐use high‐throughput sperm sorter that provides standardized sperm sorting assay with less reliance on operators's skills, facilitating reliable operational steps.
THE USE OF CONTINUOUS-WAVE DOPPLER-DETERMINED LEFT VENTRICULAR STROKE VOLUME IS AN ACCURATE APPROACH IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE SEVERITY OF AORTIC STENOSIS BY CONTINUITY EQUATION
Authors: Alamelu Ramamurthi, Nicole Orr, Nima Aghili, Jeffrey Kuvin, Ayan Patel, Natesa Pandian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Breast milk – immunomodulatory signals against allergic diseases
Authors: Ulla Hoppu, Marko Kalliomäki, Kirsi Laiho, Erika Isolauri
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Breastfeeding holds a key position with regard to the increasing burden of allergic diseases in the industrialized countries. Not only does it provide the infant with nutrients for growth and development, it also confers immunological protection during a critical period in life, when the infant's own defense mechanisms are immature. A delicate balance of stimulatory, even inflammatory, maturational signals, together with a myriad of anti‐inflammatory compounds, is transferred from mother to infant via breastfeeding. Breastfeeding mothers, however, do not constitute a uniform group. The composition of breast milk shows marked individual variation and so, consequently, does the success of breastfeeding in reducing the risk of disease. Recent clinical studies indicate that the potential of breastfeeding to counteract allergic disease may be promoted by dietary means. While uncoordinated elimination diets result in a risk of general nutritional inadequacy or deficiency of essential single nutrients, a balanced diet following current dietary recommendations, specifically containing fresh fruits and vegetables (antioxidants) and fat of predominantly vegetable origin, may be associated with a lower incidence of atopy in the infant. As early nutrition appears to program the subsequent health of the child, the importance of the maternal dietary composition during breastfeeding should be emphasized. In future, an improved understanding of the mechanisms of this programming may offer specific therapeutic modalities for the prevention of allergic disease.
Subacute Thyroiditis with Increased Serum Alkaline Phosphatase
Authors: JOSEPH R. DALOVISIO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Three patients had subacute thyroiditis and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, presumably related to the thyroiditis. Concomitant elevation of the serum gamma-glutamyl transferase suggested that the alkaline phosphatase was of hepatic origin. The elevation of the serum alkaline phosphatase could not be definitely related to the degree or duration of elevation of the serum thyroxine. The combination of elevated serum alkaline phosphatase with the systemic symptoms of subacute thyroiditis may obscure the diagnosis, especially if patients have little or no neck pain.
Colloid solutions in the perioperative setting
Authors: N. Haase, A. Perner
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Use should be suspended, pending further investigation

Hypotension is common during surgery and is often treated with intravenous fluid. The choice of fluid depends mainly on local tradition, and colloids were often selected over crystalloids because of their expected ability to expand plasma volume more effectively. Current guidelines do not recommend choosing colloids over crystalloids1 as improvements in outcome have never been established,2 3 but debate continues on the use of colloids in this setting.

In a linked study Opperer and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.h1567) report a retrospective population based analysis in which they evaluated postoperative complications among patients given hydroxyethyl starch, albumin, or crystalloids during or soon after elective joint surgery.4 From a databases containing procedural codes, ICD-9 diagnosis codes, and prescription data, the authors identified a million patients who underwent elective hip and knee replacement surgery during 2009–13 in the United States. The use of either hydroxyethyl starch or albumin was associated with an increased risk of perioperative and postoperative complications, compared with the use of crystalloid alone (hydroxyethyl starch v crystalloid, odds ratio 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.25); albumin v crystalloid, odds ratio 1.48 (1.37 to 1.60)). With the exception of thromboembolism, …
Governments must agree unified approach to use of e-cigarettes, report says
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers are urging governments and regulators to agree a unified approach to the use and regulation of e-cigarettes and other nicotine containing products as part of tobacco harm reduction in a report published on 29 May, which identifies key research and policy questions to clarify their value and potential harms.1

Tobacco harm reduction—long term use by smokers of less harmful, non-tobacco nicotine products with or without attempts to quit—is coming under increasing scrutiny with the growing availability of nicotine containing products. 

These products include e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems, which are designed to look and feel like real cigarettes but deliver nicotine without the toxic compounds that occur in smoke. Use of e-cigarettes is increasing at around 500% each year in the United Kingdom, …
The role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for treatment of portal hypertension and its complications: A conference sponsored by the national digestive diseases advisory board
Authors: Mitchell L. Shiffman, Lennox Jeffers, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Tommie Sue Tralka
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

TIPS is a new and exciting modality for treatment of portal hypertension and its complications. Indications for TIPS remain to be better defined in terms of efficacy and cost-benefit in relationship to other established modes of therapy of portal hypertension. Prospective, randomized controlled trials are needed for these comparisons. Until the role of TIPS in the routine management of the complications of portal hypertension is better defined, TIPS should be used only in situations in which conventional medical and endoscopic therapies have failed.
Down-Regulation of Murine Fibrosarcoma Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 Expression by Interleukin 7
Authors: S. M. Dubinett, M. Huang, S. Dhanani, J. S. Economou, J. Wang, P. Lee, S. Sharma, G. J. Dougherty, W. H. McBride
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Background : Cytokine genes encode proteins that modulate immune system responses. Modification of tumor cells by the introduction of cytokine genes has been used as a strategy to augment host immunity. Interleukin 7 (IL-7) gene transfer enhances the immune response to tumor cells and can result in tumor regression. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine produced by many tumors. We have previously reported that recombinant IL-7 decreases the expression of TGF-β1 by murine macrophages. Purpose : This study investigates the inhibition of tumor-derived TGF-β1 production as a possible mechanism for the enhanced antitumor immunity that accompanies IL-7 gene transfer. Methods : A fibrosarcoma cell line (FSA-JmIL-7) genetically modified to produce IL-7 was used to evaluate the effects of IL-7 on tumor production of TGF-β1. The control cell line (FSA-Jneo) originated from the same parental fibrosarcoma cell line (FSA) and was produced by transduction with the same retroviral vector without the IL-7 gene. FSA-Jneo and FSA-JmIL-7 tumor cells were evaluated for the expression of TGF-β1 messenger RNA (mRNA). To determine if the observed change in TGF-β1 mRNA was associated with an alteration in protein secretion, we compared supernatants from tumor cell cultures for TGF-β1 production. Specific anti-TGF-βl monoclonal antibody (MAb) was used to confirm the role of TGF-B1 in these assays. Results : Compared with FSA parental and FSA-Jneo cells, FSA-JmIL-7 cells expressed TGF-β1 mRNA at a lower level. Compared with supernatants from FSA-Jneo cells, FSA-JmIL-7 supernatants contained consistently lower levels of TGF-β1 activity (P<.05). In addition, FSA-Jneo supernatants suppressed lymphocyte proliferation to a significantly greater degree than supernatants from FSA-JmIL-7 cells (P<.05). Studies with anti-TGF-β1 MAb added to the supernatants confirmed the role of TGF-β1 in inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. Conclusion : These findings suggest that IL-7 gene transfer inhibits the production of TGF-β1 by tumor cells and thus may enhance the efficacy of the host's antitumor immune response. Implication : The regulation of endogenous tumor-derived cytokines in response to cytokine gene transfer may contribute to altered immune responses in the tumor microenvironment and thus may be an important additional parameter to assess in gene therapy. [J Natl Cancer Inst 87: 593–597, 1995]
New body aims to give public a bigger voice in shaping health care
Authors: Mark Gould
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Doctors and professional bodies should expect a “challenging relationship” with a new patients' watchdog body whose goal is to make the NHS in England more accountable to and more reflective of the needs of the public.

Speaking last week at the launch of the new Commission for Patient and Public Involvement in Health, which takes over from the now defunct community health councils, its chairwoman, Sharon Grant, warned that doctors and managers must take heed of patients' power. She said the NHS, which was “designed for a paternalistic society 50 years ago,” needs to change.

“There has to be a new dialogue between the NHS and its users. The survival …
Child sugar cane cutters exploited in Brazil
Authors: J Rocha
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Sixty thousand children aged between 7 and 13 work in the sugar cane fields of the Zona da Mata in the north east of Brazil. Just under half of them work over 44 hours a week, and nearly two thirds have suffered accidents, often with the heavy scythes.

A local research institute, the Centro Josue de Castro, with money from the Save the Children Fund, has just carried out the most thorough survey ever of the conditions of the child cane cutters. Nearly half of the children are …
Time for an open access secure online data collection tool
Authors: X. H. Chan, W. Wynn-Jones, C. Lobban
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We welcome the call for greater openness in science1 and propose the development of a high quality tool for the online collection of data to facilitate collaboration and data sharing.

We recently conducted a multicentre observational study, collecting data from around 1000 patients. Data in such studies are typically acquired by completing case record …
Fertility organisations call for cross border regulations to protect IVF patients
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The safety of UK couples who travel abroad for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment is being jeopardised by the lack of uniform clinical and safety regulations, say fertility organisations.

Women are at greater risk of multiple births, which increases the danger of medical complications to mother and baby, says a new report by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and the International Federation of Fertility Societies. 

A survey of more than 100 countries looking at the rules and regulations relating to assisted conception, particularly IVF, found that some countries have high numbers of multiple …
Treatment of Climacteric by Follicular Hormone
Authors: H. R. Donald
Journal: BMJ (1937)

IMEDICAL JOURNALin combination with oestrogenic hormones and pro- gesterone, has been carried out; (3) the normal ratio of oestrogenic hormones to progesterone and to male hormones in normal women has been ascertained; (4) the pathological disturbances of this ratio during endocrine and gynaecological disturbances in women have been discovered.Danger of Masculinization Even if all the above criteria should be fulfilled yet another problem remains to be solved before the therapeutic application of sexual hormones possessing definite male properties can safely be started-namely, the danger of masculinization.The cause of the natural occurrence of masculinity as a pathological condition in women may be understood better if the results of the experiments described above are taken into consideration.Our experiments have also shown that by the injection of some of the "chiefly male" hormones the rudimentary periurethral glands of female rats can be developed into a comparatively large and typical prostate, and in the same way the clitoris-like structure can be greatly enlarged.The supernormal development of these organs, and the possible growth of a beard or moustache with the appearance of other signs of masculinity, must be avoided in treating women.There is also the danger of a possible disturbance of the normal sexuality leading to the production of pathological perversions of sexual feeling.These difficulties, however, can probably be overcome by working out the correct ratio of the male and female hormones.Experimental tests that might be suitable for this purpose are concerned with the development of the female preputial glands, the clitoris-like structure, and, though technically more difficult, the "female prostate" in rats.But only after the completion of the whole scheme of investigation outlined above can the male hormones-and of them only those which are found to be normally present in women-be applied therapeutically with the object of restoring to normal the patho- logical hormonic ratios which will be found in certain diseases of women.Summary 1. Bisexual properties have been found in nearly all the sexual hormones, and the co-operative activity of most of them with oestrone or oestradiol has been demon- strated by experiments on female rats.2. Suggestions are advanced as to the significance of these facts in regard to sexual physiology and pathology, and in relation to the therapy of general sexual disturb- ances in females.3. In the present state of knowledge, however, the results obtained in our experiments and by other workers do not in any circumstances justify the use of the bisexual hormones with pronounced male activity in the treatment of diseases of women.Grants from the Medical Research Council and from the Lister Institute have enabled us to carry out this work.I offer my thanks also to Messrs. Schering-Kahlbaum Ltd., in par- ticular to Professor W. Schoeller, for
ACUTE URINARY RETENTION IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Jesse J. Hymes
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:  —We are taking this opportunity to answer the criticism of Dr. Rudolph W. Holmes ( J. A. M. A.  150: 428 [Sept. 27] 1952) concerning our article Acute Urinary Retention as a Complication of Pregnancy ( J. A. M. A.  149: 1011 [July 12] 1952). His statement that urinary retention as a complication of an incarcerated retroverted uterus was a relatively common occurrence in the past is not true for these reasons: First, we were able to find only three cases in all the literature besides our own. Second, a review of the obstetrical records for 35 years of a large municipal hospital in New York failed to reveal a single case. Lastly, discussion of this complication with our obstetrical colleagues reveals that they have never seen this complication among their large number of obstetrical patients.  There may be overflow incontinence in cases of retroverted pregnant uterus, as in
THE CHEMISTRY OF THE TROPEINS.
Authors: A. B. LYONS
Journal: JAMA (1903)

It is now more than seventy years since Mein announced the discovery in belladonna of an organic base. The discovery was made independently two years later by Geiger and Hesse, who in the same year discovered in stramonium a similar base to which they gave the name daturin, also in henbane another which they called hyoscyamin. It is needless to follow the details of the subsequent investigations which even yet are not complete. Suffice it to say that they have led to the conclusion that the bases discovered in the several mydriatic drugs, belladonna, stramonium, henbane, mandragora, duboisia and scopola, and named at first from these respective drugs, atropin, daturin, hyoscyamin, mandragorin, duboisin and scopolamin, are mixtures chiefly of three or possibly four alkaloids, two of which, atropin and hyoscyamin, are isomeric; the other two, if we adopt the views of O. Hesse, are also isomeric, although differing somewhat in