tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in prostate cancer incidence and treatment in USA
Authors: G.L. Lu-Yao, E.R. Greenberg
Journal: The Lancet (1994)

SummaryWe examined time trends and geographical variations in the detection and treatment of prostate cancer in USA, based on information from white men aged 50 to 79 who resided in areas covered by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the United States National Cancer Institute. Prostate-cancer incidence and treatment rates were determined for the 9 population-based cancer registries which participate in the SEER program. Prostate-cancer mortality rates were assessed from data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics.Prostate cancer incidence rates increased by 6·4% per year between 1983 and 1989. The increase appeared to be due to detection of early-stage disease; there was no increase in the incidence rate of metastatic cancer. Incidence rates varied widely among the SEER program areas: in 1989 from 267·9 per 100 000 in Connecticut to 606 8 in Seattle. Radical prostatectomy rates more than tripled between 1983 and 1989 in the SEER areas as a whole. Among men aged 70-79, the rate of prostatectomy increased by nearly 35% per year. There was a five-fold variation among SEER areas in radical prostatectomy rates in 1989, with a low of 43 4 per 100 000 in Connecticut and a high of 224·4 in Seattle. Prostate cancer mortality rates did not increase during the period of study; there was little variation among areas in prostate-cancer mortality rates, and no apparent correlation between the incidence and mortality rates for an area.Increases in rates of prostate cancer incidence and prostate surgery have occurred in the United States without clear evidence that screening and prostectomy are effective in reducing mortality. Moreover, much of the growth in incidence and radical prostatectomy rates has occurred among older men, who appear least likely to benefit from early detection and surgery of occult prostate cancer.
Coroner wants nationwide allergy service to avoid needless deaths from adverse reactions
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Manchester’s coroner has warned that more unnecessary deaths will occur unless the government sets up a nationwide allergy service in the NHS so that patients who are thought to have had an allergic reaction to drugs can be tested. The service could also alert health professionals to potential risks of specific drugs.

The coroner Nigel Meadows was one of several speakers at a conference in London last week, organised by the pressure group APRIL (Adverse Psychiatric Reactions Information Link).

His call follows an inquest into the death of a man given antibiotics but who was known to have had an allergic reaction to such treatment in the past. Despite Mr Meadows making a request under rule 43 of the Coroner’s Act that a national allergy service should be set …
Ichthyosiform Atrophy of the Skin in Hodgkins Disease
Authors: Francesco Ronchese, Donald C. Gates
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

IN 1943 one of us1 reviewed the literature on the nonspecific cutaneous manifestations described in Hodgkin's disease, and reported a case in a twenty-four-year-old man, who, eleven months before dying from the disease, manifested a dry, wrinkly, hyper-pigmented, atrophic skin representing the familiar rhomboidal figuration of acquired ichthyosis, the type commonly called senile ichthyosis because often seen developing in advanced age. Attention was called to this cutaneous nonspecific toxic manifestation of lymphogranulomatosis, perhaps heralding the final stage of the disease. No previous author, as far as we know, mentioned this senile type of ichthyosis occurring as a manifestation of Hodgkin's . . .
DNA Cytometry Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening: Approaches and Reporting Standards for New Technologies
Authors: Graham A. Colditz, John Crowley
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Evaluation of new technologies requires rigorous methods to provide unbiased estimates of the performance and so inform future clinical practice. We review evidence on DNA cytometry reported earlier in this journal and point to the standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy as a metric against which this article can be evaluated. The cross-sectional nature of the data and incomplete reporting limit the clinical utility of the study. With application of improved reporting standards for diagnostic tests and improved design and evaluation of new technologies for screening, we may better inform practices to improve clinical outcomes and population health.
Suicide and unemployment.
Authors: E. Renvoize, D. Clayden
Journal: BMJ (1989)

many forms of non-accidental injury may do this either directly by the injury itself or by indirect means, the same result can occur from other conditions.These are most commonly epileptic fits, but haemorrhages can also occur in asphyxia and thoracic compression, especially if there are associated blood coagulation defects.While retinal haemorrhages may well be an associated sign of non-accidental injury, they should not be taken as being pathognomonic ofthis cause.
Amino acid balance across tissues of the forearm in postabsorptive man. Effects of insulin at two dose levels
Authors: Thomas Pozefsky, Philip Felig, Jordan D. Tobin, J. Stuart Soeldner, George F. Cahill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Amino acid balance across skeletal muscle and across subcutaneous adipose tissue plus skin of the forearm has been quantified in postabsorptive man before and after insulin infusion into the brachial artery.
Perspectives on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research
Authors: Josephine P. Briggs, Jack Killen
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Should the Physician Gaze Eastward?
Authors: Morgan Martin
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE PHYSICIAN needs a belief system, whether he calls it philosophy, faith, or their combination known as religion. He needs almost automatic assumptions to sustain him with his patients and preserve him for his family. Faced with life and death, pain and suffering, and problems that do not lend themselves to solution, he must fall back on what he is and what he believes. Should this system be consonant with that of his patient, it may help doctor-patient transactions, sometimes far beyond belief. The new breed of patient we are seeing—smarter, more affluent, and more able to resist advice—makes the physician's philosophy more crucial. This new patient is different in at least three ways. First, he is the knowledge worker described by Peter Drucker<sup>1</sup>; better educated and a member of the largest US census group called "professional, managerial and technical," he considers himself a "professional," just like the doctor.
Combination immunotherapy with anti-CTLA-4 and interleukin-2 redirects regulatory T cells into tumor-draining lymph nodes and expands anti-tumor CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Joseph Broucek, Tasha Hughes, Erica Huelsmann, Eugene Lusciks, Graham Hill, Janet Zayas, Joseph Poshepny, Carl Ruby, Frederick Kohlhapp, Andrew Zloza, Howard Kaufman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Monotherapy with Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 antibody) and monotherapy with IL-2 (T cell stimulating cytokine) are approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Combination immunotherapy has been suggested as a more potent regimen but has not been sufficiently investigated. We
"COCK-UP" SPLINT
Authors: Fred Ellsworth Clow
Journal: JAMA (1925)

An emergency "cock-up" splint, which fulfils the requirements of this type of splint extremely well, can be made easily from a piece of wood of proper length and thickness, and a tin or papier-mâché round box. The one illustrated was improvised hurriedly, a strip of pine shingle and an empty adhesive plaster container 4 cm. in diameter and 5 cm. in depth being used. The box was fastened to the wood with narrow strips of adhesive plaster, and the whole splint padded with sheet wadding and a roller bandage. For a patient with a large hand, a deeper container should be used. In applying the apparatus, the thumb and fingers either may be immobilized or given complete freedom of movement.
Erythropoietin Is Expressed in the Human Retina and It Is Highly Elevated in the Vitreous Fluid of Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Cristina Hernández, Alex Fonollosa, Marta García-Ramírez, Mónica Higuera, Roberto Catalán, Adela Miralles, José García-Arumí, Rafael Simó
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—Erythropoietin has been recently found to be increased in the vitreous fluid from ischemic retinal diseases such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The aims of the present study were 1) to measure erythropoietin levels in the vitreous fluid from patients with diabetic macular edema (DME), a condition in which the ischemia is not a predominat event, and 2) to compare erythropoietin mRNA expression between human retinas from nondiabetic and diabetic donors without retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Vitreous samples from 12 type 2 diabetic patients with DME without significant retinal ischemia and 12 PDR patients were prospectively analyzed. Ten nondiabetic patients with macular holes served as the control group. Erythropoietin was assessed by radioimmunoassay (milliunits per milliliter). Erythropoietin mRNA expression was measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis in the retina from eight nondiabetic and eight age-matched diabetic donors without diabetic retinopathy RESULTS—Intravitreal erythropoietin concentration was higher in both PDR and DME patients than in nondiabetic control subjects (PDR vs. control subjects: median 302 [range 117–1,850] vs. 30 mU/ml [10–75], P &amp;lt; 0.01; DME vs. control subjects: 430 [41–3,000] vs. 30 mU/ml [10–75], P &amp;lt; 0.01). However, no significant differences were found between DME and PDR patients. Erythropoietin mRNA expression was detected in the human retina, and it was higher in the retina from diabetic than from nondiabetic donors. CONCLUSIONS—As occurs in PDR, intravitreous erythropoietin concentrations are strikingly higher in DME. Erythropoietin is expressed in the human retina, and it is upregulated in diabetic patients even without retinopathy. These findings suggest that other factors apart from ischemia are involved in the overexpression of erythropoietin in diabetic retinopathy.
CD4 Counts of Nonperinatally HIV–Infected Youth and Young Adults Presenting for HIV Care Between 2002 and 2010
Authors: Allison L. Agwu, Asha Neptune, Cindy Voss, Baligh Yehia, Richard Rutstein
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence is increasing among youth, particularly young men who have sex with men and racial/ethnic minorities.Earlier presentation to care, a goal of public health initiatives, can limit immune deterioration and HIV transmission.We determined if fewer nonperinatally HIV (nPHIV)-infected youth are presenting for care at lower CD4 counts.Methods | This was a retrospective study of nPHIV-infected 12-to 24-year-olds presenting for care at HIV Research Net-work (HIVRN) sites between 2002 and 2010. 1 The 13 geographically distributed sites that contributed data over the study period all had institutional review board approval for the study (from Alameda
P14ARF Suppresses Tumor-Induced Thrombosis by Regulating the Tissue Factor Pathway
Authors: Abdessamad Zerrouqi, Beata Pyrzynska, Daniel J. Brat, Erwin G. Van Meir
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

How necrotic areas develop in tumors is incompletely understood but can impact progression. Recent findings suggest that the formation of vascular microthrombi contributes to tumor necrosis, prompting investigation of coagulation cascades. Here, we report that loss of tumor suppressor P14ARF can contribute to activating the clotting cascade in glioblastoma. P14ARF transcriptionally upregulated TFPI2, a Kunitz-type serine protease in the tissue factor pathway that inhibits the initiation of thrombosis reactions. P14ARF activation in tumor cells delayed their ability to activate plasma clotting. Mechanistically, P14ARF activated the TFPI2 promoter in a p53-independent manner that relied upon c-JUN, SP1, and JNK activity. Taken together, our results identify the critical signaling pathways activated by P14ARF to prevent vascular microthrombosis triggered by glioma cells. Stimulation of this pathway might be used as a therapeutic strategy to reduce aggressive phenotypes associated with necrotic tumors, including glioblastoma.
Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a source of human hepatocytes
Authors: Agnieszka Banas, Takumi Teratani, Yusuke Yamamoto, Makoto Tokuhara, Fumitaka Takeshita, Gary Quinn, Hitoshi Okochi, Takahiro Ochiya
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract Recent observations indicate that several stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes; thus, cell-based therapy is a potential alternative to liver transplantation. The goal of the present study was to examine the in vitro hepatic differentiation potential of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs). We used AT-MSCs from different age patients and found that, after incubation with specific growth factors (hepatocyte growth factor [HGF], fibroblast growth factor [FGF1], FGF4) the CD105+ fraction of AT-MSCs exhibited high hepatic differentiation ability in an adherent monoculture condition. CD105+ AT-MSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells revealed several liver-specific markers and functions, such as albumin production, low-density lipoprotein uptake, and ammonia detoxification. More importantly, CD105+ AT-MSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells, after transplantation into mice incorporated into the parenchyma of the liver. Conclusion: Adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells that can be easily isolated, selected, and induced into mature, transplantable hepatocytes. The fact that they are easy to procure ex vivo in large numbers makes them an attractive tool for clinical studies in the context of establishing an alternative therapy for liver dysfunction. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;46:219–228.)
Nonmilitary Defense: Chemical and Biological Defenses in Perspective
Authors: F. D. Yoder
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This publication of the American Chemical Society directs attention to the problems of defense against chemical and biological warfare (CW-BW). The book is a compilation of an important portion of our civil defense programs and, as suggested early in the text, it portrays a defensive rather than offensive philosophy. It is a concrete demonstration of assuming responsibility to our families, our neighbors, and ourselves. Less apathy and more public support for sound civil defense programs should fulfill our moral responsibilities better than withdrawal in horror. An eminent American physician who had just spent a full day being briefed on the nature of CW-BW remarked, "Now that I've seen the potentialities of this type of warfare, I am no longer afraid of atomic warfare." This is an oversimplification, but it points up the fact that in this type of warfare a new concept is involved. An enemy may be able to
GW25-e4103 The experimental study on end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy by autotransplanting mesenchymal stem cells in swine
Authors: Meng Zili, Hongwei Li, Yonghui Yang, Shucai Wu, Hui Li, Hongzhong Bai, Yanfan He, Zili Meng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Residential History and Groundwater Modeling: Gallagher et al. Respond
Authors: Lisa G. Gallagher, Thomas F. Webster, Ann Aschengrau, Verónica M. Vieira
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

In a case-control study, Gallagher et al. (2010) reported elevated breast cancer risk among women residing on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, who consumed water from wells classified as impacted by wastewater treatment plant effluent from the Barnstable Water Pollution Control Facility (BWPCF).Exposure classi fi ca tion was based on a U.S. Geological Survey model of groundwater flow, historical public water supply data, and the women's residential histories.Recent detection of hormones and other wastewater-associated endocrinedisrupting compounds (EDCs) in drinking water supplies nationwide has raised concerns about health effects, so we applaud the authors for an inventive examination of this issue, which is difficult to study because historical exposure measure ments are lacking.However, drinking water data for Cape Cod suggest additional exposures that are relevant to this analysis.An alternative, or possibly additional, explanation for the elevated breast cancer risk may be drinking water exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), some of which are mammary gland carcinogens (Rudel et al. 2007).Although the Barnstable Water Company (BWC)-which provided water to exposed participants-included three wells impacted by the BWPCF, it also included three wells contaminated by VOCs from a nearby airport.Treatment was installed in 1991 (Keijser H, personal communication), so for 25 of the 27 years of the study's exposure period , there was no treatment to remove VOCs.Contributions of these VOC-contaminated wells to the BWC system were similar to, and in some cases exceeded, the contributions from BWPCF-impacted wells.In 1975, the wells impacted by the airport (Maher wells 1, 2, and 3) supplied 43% of BWC water, compared with 41% from the wastewater-affected wells (Hyannisport, Simmons Pond, and Straightway) (LeBlanc et al. 1986); in 1986, the proportions were 33% and 37%, respectively (Bratton 1991).In addition, at least one BWPCF-impacted well also contained VOCs, as Gallagher et al. (2010) mentioned.An unspecified number of BWPCFexposed participants relied on private wells, which were probably not affected by the airport.However, from 1970However, from to 1990, ,
Lupus autoantibodies to native DNA cross-react with the A and D SnRNP polypeptides.
Authors: M Reichlin, A Martin, E Taylor-Albert, K Tsuzaka, W Zhang, M W Reichlin, E Koren, F M Ebling, B Tsao, B H Hahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Antibodies to native DNA (nDNA) in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have been found to frequently correlate with antibodies to the A and D SnRNP proteins measured in Western blot assays. 40 of 54 SLE (74.1%) sera with anti-nDNA bound to A and D proteins, while 9 of 113 sera (8%) without anti-nDNA bound the A and D proteins, P < 10(-8) by Fisher's exact test. Antibodies to nDNA correlated closely with anti-A and anti-D in seven of eight patients followed sequentially, r = 0.7865. Nine human polyclonal anti-nDNA populations were isolated from DNA cellulose columns. Seven reacted equally with A and D, and two reacted predominantly with D. Two of three murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies isolated from NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mice bound A and D equally in Western blot with a titer > 1/40,000. These reactions were directed to the unfolded A and D proteins measurable in Western blot since these monoclonals (and several of the human anti-nDNA populations) failed to react with native U1RNP in ELISA or in RNA immunoprecipitation experiments. These newly recognized cross reactions of anti-nDNA may amplify the immune response to DNA and be part of the original immunogenic drive.
Liaison Psychiatry in the West The View from 1977
Authors: Adam J. Krakowski
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Current status of consultation-liaison psychiatry in the West is reviewed. Its aims, functions, and scope in diagnosis and treatment of general hospital patients outside of psychiatric departments are described. A critical appraisal is made with regards to the triadic relationship of its participants. Its benefits vis-à-vis resistances are illuminated in the context of psychosocial process. Its role in research and medical education is recounted. Thoughts about its future developments are offered.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hyperthyroidism: a report of three cases
Authors: C. Symons, P. J. Richardson, O. Feizi
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Symons, C., Richardson, P. J., and Feizi, O. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 713-719. <b>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hyperthyroidism.</b> The combination of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hyperthyroidism gives rise to a complex clinical picture as some of the symptoms and signs may be common to both conditions. The presentation and investigation of three patients are reported. In one patient there was evidence of progression from the hypertrophic obstructive phase to that associated with loss of outflow tract obstruction. The echocardiogram was especially useful in assessing the presence or absence of hypertrophic disease in the thyrotoxic subject. It is suggested that the long continued high-output circulatory state in clinically undetected hyperthyroidism may prove to be a stimulus for unrestrained cardiac muscle hypertrophy.
Three Hundred Cases of Diffuse Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: J. W. Todd
Journal: BMJ (1966)

respiratory defect, with a small loading for prognosis in those with category 2 or worse x-rays but without much obstructive disease.This policy, if open to challenge, at least assists in achieving uniformity in decisions.The mining conditions, by the way, which we have implicated as possible factors in earlier years have largely disappeared since 1960 with the widespread introduction of continuous miners and the consequent elimi- nation of shotfiring, as well as greatly increased ventilation requirements.-Iam, etc.,