tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does the use of tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapy in poor prognosis, undifferentiated arthritis prevent progression to rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: B Saleem, S Mackie, M Quinn, S Nizam, E Hensor, S Jarrett, P G Conaghan, P Emery
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Physiotherapists often use adventitious lung sounds(ALS), i.e., wheeze(Wh) and crackle(Cr), to monitor respiratory techniques in acute obstructive(AO) and restrictive(AR) respiratory patients. ALS are responsive to bronchodilators however, evidence regarding its usefulness in respiratory physiotherapy(RP) is scarce. This study aimed to assess the responsiveness of ALS to one session of RP applied in acute obstructive and restrictive respiratory patients. RP included breathing retraining and airway clearance techniques. Sound recordings were acquired with a digital stethoscope pre/post intervention, following the CORSA short-term acquisition guidelines. Computerised analysis was used to characterise Wh(occupation rate and duration) and Cr parameters(number and two cycle duration-2CD) per breathing cycle(BC). Comparisons were explored with Paired-Samples t-Tests(PASW 18.0). Thirty outpatients(14 males, 55.2±17.8y), diagnosed with AO(exacerbation of COPD, acute bronquitis &amp; asthma;n=18) and AR diseases(pneumonia; n=12) were recruited. A significant decrease for Wh occupation rate(t=4.19, p=0.03) and duration(t=2.35, p=0.04) per BC, in the trachea, was found for AR patients. In all chest locations, the number of Cr per BC, presented a significant increase(t=-2.71, p=0.01) for AO and decrease(t=2.05, p=0.05) for AR patients. No significant differences were found for the 2CD. Both Wh and Cr changed significantly in response to RP. Wh and Cr decrease in AR diseases may be indicative of more airways opened after treatment. Cr increase in AO diseases, suggest movement of secretions to more central airways, allowing more air to pass and leading airways to suddenly open. Further research is recommended.
Antecedent hypertension predisposes to arrhythmic death after acute myocardial infarction: An insight from contemporary survival studies
Authors: Yee Guan Yap, Trinh Duong, Martin Bland, Christian Torp-Pederson, Lars Kober, Marek Malik, Stuart Connolly, Bradley Marchant, A. John Camm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The Accuracy of Clinical vs Surgical Staging
Authors: Roger Baker
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Treatment of bladder cancer presents a serious and often perplexing problem to the urologist. From five different modes of surgical treatment and a minimum of three techniques of radiation therapy, he must select one which is suitable for the general condition of the patient having a bladder cancer of specific stage of infiltration, specific cell type, degree of cellular differentiation, size, and location within the bladder; and he must consider whether there are single or multiple lesions. Some of these factors have greater weight than others in determining the type of treatment and curability. The stage of infiltration of the bladder wall with a malignancy is, without doubt, the single most important factor. Many characteristics associated with infiltration and spread of tumor cells within the bladder have been observed and reported. Certain of these will be discussed subsequently as they apply to clinical, surgical, and histologic staging. Data concerning staging
Effects of immunotherapy on the inflammation in pollen asthma
Authors: S. Rak
Journal: Allergy (1993)

Seasonal asthma is a natural model of airway inflammation where amount of airborne antigen have direct impact and correlates to the clinical disease and degree of inflammation. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is an indirect measure of the degree of airway inflammation and the seasonal increase paralleling clinical disease has been shown in a number of studies. Using a model of seasonal asthma in birch pollen sensitive individuals we intended to prove the anti‐inflammatory potential of immunotherapy (IT). Forty birch pollen‐allergic patients, 20 IT‐treated and 20 untreated participated in a series of studies. BHR expressed as PCzo histamine increased in all patients during the season although most in untreated controls; the difference between the groups was p &lt;0.07. The level of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) rose in untreated, but not IT‐treated, patients during the season (p &lt;0.05). Significant increase in eosinophil chemotactic activity (ECA) in serum of untreated patients during the season was noted. IT‐treatment abrogated this response. After 2 years of treatment bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on 12 patients (6 in each group). IT‐treatment prevented seasonal rise of eosinophil numbers in peripheral blood (PB) and the lung while in the untreated group the increase was significant in both compartments (p &lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.01, respectively). At the same timc, significant increment in ECP and ECA levels in BAL wcre rccordcd in untreated patients comparcd with IT‐treated (p &lt;0.05. p &lt;0.01, respectively). It is concluded that IT proved its anti‐inflammatory effect by diminishing degree of BHR, prcventing attraction. accumulation and activation of eosinophils in the lung of allergic I asthmatics.
Abstract 1133: Partial EMT, hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype and epithelial plasticity: role of (miR-200/ZEB) loop
Authors: Mohit Kumar Jolly, Mingyang Lu, Herbert Levine, Jose N. Onuchic, Eshel Ben-Jacob
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition (MET) are critical for embryonic development and tissue repair. Aberrantly regulated transitions are also implicated in cancer metastasis. The core regulatory genetic network for these transitions appears to allow for the existence of a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype (E/M). Such hybrid cells are seen during wound healing and branching morphogenesis, and have mixed epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics, which enable them to migrate collectively. The core regulatory network for the cell fate determination between these three phenotypes is composed of two highly interconnected mutual-inhibition feedback circuits - miR-34/SNAIL and miR-200/ZEB. Here we applied a novel theoretical framework to model the microRNA-based regulation to study this core regulatory unit. More specifically, we looked into the functions of the two loops in isolation, and subsequently of the combined unit when the two loops are integrated into the full regulatory circuit. We found that miR-200/ZEB forms a tristable circuit that acts as a ternary decision making switch, driven by miR-34/SNAIL that is a monostable loop which acts as noise-buffering integrator of internal and external signals that induce or inhibit EMT/MET. Our results are corroborated by recent experiments indicating the (miR-200/ZEB) to be the commitment point and decision making loop (eg. Cells don't revert to epithelial phenotype on removal of EMT-inducing signal, if ZEB expression has been turned on.) .We associate the three stable states of the miR-200/ZEB circuit to different phenotypes - (1,0) - (high miR-200)/(low ZEB) - epithelial, (0,1) - (low miR-200)/(high ZEB) - mesenchymal, and (1/2,1/2) - (medium miR-200)/(medium ZEB) - hybrid. Thus, we propose that the hybrid epithelial - mesenchymal phenotype has concurrent expression of both miR-200 and ZEB. Our hypothesis is consistent with recent experimental studies (e.g. ZEB expression measurements in collectively migrating cells), and also explains the lack of hybrid phenotype observed during MET in colonization and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We also present testable predictions of dynamic gene expression during complete and partial transitions (EMT/MET). Citation Format: Mohit Kumar Jolly, Mingyang Lu, Herbert Levine, Jose N. Onuchic, Eshel Ben-Jacob. Partial EMT, hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype and epithelial plasticity: role of (miR-200/ZEB) loop. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1133. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1133
Notes From the European Society of Cardiology Congress XXIII
Authors: Robin Fox
Journal: Circulation (2001)

The results of the Randomized Study with the Sirolimus Eluting Velocity Balloon Expandable Stent (RAVEL) were thought by many in Stockholm to launch a new era in cardiology. A total of 238 patients with stable or unstable angina due to single-vessel disease and a mean age of 63 years were randomized to receive either a bare-metal Bx Velocity stent or a similar stent coated with the immunosuppressive antibiotic sirolimus. Sirolimus is released from the stent over ≈45 days. Both groups were treated for 2 months with either clopidogrel or ticlopidine. The results after 210 days of follow-up were reported by M.C. Morice …
Field Trials of New Antimalarials in West Africa
Authors: L. J. Bruce-Chwatt, H. M. Archibald
Journal: BMJ (1953)

MEDIS JOUN53It is not possible to calculate accurately the number of cases of M. canis ringworm excluded from school in one year, but the figure must be high.Apart from the -ques- tion of contagion, with which I have dealt, there can be no objection to these children being in school, because no subjective illness is produced in ringworm.The risk of child-to-child contagion is slight anyway, and it is virtually impossible if simple precautions are taken. SummaryThe importance and methods of distinguishing between M. canis and M. audouini scalp ringworm are indicated.Some epidemiological considerations regarding M. canis ringworm are presented.The role of microsporum ringworm as a cause of loss of schooling is discussed.The results of a survey of the incidence of ringworm in the areas of the major education authorities of England and Wales are tabulated and analysed.An experiment, carried out in Newport, where the scalp ringworm is almost exclusively of the M. canis type, and in Monmouthshire is described.Twenty-four children were allowed to continue at 19 schools, the exclusion rule being waived.In no case was the infection propagated.The conclusion is reached that children with M. canis ringworm should neither be treated by x-ray epilation nor be excluded from -school.My thanks are due to Dr. David Lawrence, medical officer of health for Newport, for permitting me to carry out this investigation and for co-operating so helpfully.
Aspirin Plain and Buffered
Authors: J. Dobbing
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Siglec-15 is a conserved sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectin, which is expressed on osteoclasts. Deficiency of Siglec-15 leads to an impaired osteoclast development, resulting in a mild osteopetrotic phenotype. The role of Siglec-15 in arthritis is still largely unclear. To address this, we generated Siglec-15 knockout mice and analyzed them in a mouse arthritis model. We could show that Siglec-15 is directly involved in pathologic bone erosion in the K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis model. Histological analyses of joint destruction provided evidence for a significant reduction in bone erosion area and osteoclast numbers in Siglec-15<sup>−/−</sup> mice, whereas the inflammation area and cartilage destruction was comparable to wild-type mice. Thus, Siglec-15 on osteoclasts has a crucial function for bone erosion during arthritis. In addition, we generated a new monoclonal anti–Siglec-15 Ab to clarify its expression pattern on immune cells. Whereas this Ab demonstrated an almost exclusive Siglec-15 expression on murine osteoclasts and hardly any other expression on various other immune cell types, human Siglec-15 was more broadly expressed on human myeloid cells, including human osteoclasts. Taken together, our findings show a role of Siglec-15 as a regulator of pathologic bone resorption in arthritis and highlight its potential as a target for future therapies, as Siglec-15 blocking Abs are available.
The Importance of Coxsackie Viruses in Human Disease, Particularly Herpangina and Epidemic Pleurodynia
Authors: Robert J. Huebner, Edward A. Beeman, Roger M. Cole, Paul M. Beigelman, Joseph A. Bell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

VIRUS infection" is possibly the diagnosis most frequently made by physicians today. It is generally supposed that this term includes a large proportion of the unclassified minor infectious diseases. The agents that cause these so-called "minor diseases" appear to have a very special talent — namely, an ability to preserve the human subject for innumerable subsequent attacks of similar illnesses. Because they represent more subtle categories of human parasites, they do not attract attention by destroying their hosts as do the so-called "major" but more easily controlled disease agents. Thus in the biologic sense they are far more successful parasites . . .
L-428 nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's cell secretes a unique transforming growth factor-beta active at physiologic pH.
Authors: S R Newcom, M E Kadin, A A Ansari, V Diehl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease is characterized by dense collagen fibrosis. Although transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is an important bifunctional growth factor for fibroblasts and is stored and released by many cells, it requires acidification to pH 2.0-3.0 before it becomes a biologically active growth factor. We show here that the L-428 Hodgkin's cell releases a high molecular weight TGF that competes for the TGF-beta cell membrane receptor but not the TGF-alpha receptor. This growth factor is most active at physiologic pH and is 97% inactivated by acidification. Hodgkin's TGF is also inactivated by proteases and can be preserved by protease inhibitors. The Hodgkin's TGF can be separated from an autocrine growth factor using either column chromatography or electroelution from gels and is shown to have a molecular weight of approximately 350,000. Incubation of the Hodgkin's TGF in SDS releases a 25,000-D protein with reduced biological activity but which cross-reacts with anti-TGF-beta IgG. We propose that L-428 nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease fibrosis is mediated by a potent high molecular weight TGF-beta which, unlike TGF-beta characterized to date, is secreted in a form most active at physiologic pH.
Abstract 2876: Farnesyltransferase inhibitor induces p53-dependent cellular senescence in colon cancer cells
Authors: Limin Zhu, Jung Hyun Noh, Mandy Geryk-Hall, Dennis P. Hughes
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs), small molecules that inhibit prenylation of multiple proteins such as Ras and Rho, have clinical promise for cancer. FTIs block malignant growth and promote cell death in a wide variety of tumor types in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of FTIs are not completely understood. We have observed that colon cancer cell line OS187 responds to the FTI tipifarnib with a senescent phenotype, demonstrated as altered cell morphology, elevated senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, upregulated protein and mRNA levels of senescence markers, and long-term cell cycle arrest. Our previous results also indicated that cells retaining intact p53 are more sensitive to tipifarnib than are cells with absent/inactive p53, suggesting a possible role for p53 in the senescent response to tipifarnib. To test this hypothesis, we used shRNA to reduce p53 expression in OS187 cells. Loss of p53 reversed the swollen and enlarged senescent-like cellular phenotype induced by tipifarnib. In addition, p53 knockdown cells showed less senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity than did scrambled control cells after 7-day treatment with tipifarnib. Cell viability assay suggested that p53 knockdown partially rescued the cytotoxic effects of tipifarnib at low concentrations. Western blot also demonstrated that cell cycle regulatory proteins such as p27, p21, and p15 were significantly upregulated in scrambled control cells while only a slight increase of these proteins were observed in p53 knockdown cells after tipifarnib treatment. Flow cytometry analysis showed that cells with decreased p53 level had a reduced percentage of cells in sub G1 phase when treated with a high concentration of tipifarnib, and fewer cells arresting in G2/M phase when treated with low concentration of tipifarnib compared to the scrambled control cells. This observation suggested that p53 may involve in different pathways depending on the strength of the stress signal imposed by different concentration of tipifarnib. In conclusion, these results confirm that p53 is important for inducing senescence when farnesylation is inhibited in OS187 cells. However, since p53 knockdown has very limited impact on the anti-proliferation effects of tipifarnib at high concentrations, other pathways are expected to play a role in mediating cell susceptibility to tipifarnib. Future experiments will focus on investigating the p53-independent pathways that are responsible for tipifarnib-induced senescence and apoptosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2876. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2876
OFFICE OF THE STATE HEALTH OFFICER OF FLORIDA.
Authors: R. D. Murray
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Pensacola, Fla., Aug. 18th, 1893.  To the Public:  —The State Health Officer expresses the belief that the fears and apprehensions of the health of Pensacola, which for the past week have agitated the public, involving the interdiction of travel and the consequent embarrassment to commerce, should now cease.  Of the reported deaths on the 9th inst., a thorough and impartial investigation into the history of the cases confirms the opinion heretofore announced that the Rev. Waite did not die from yellow fever, and that the death of the child, Ellen Wood, from the history, was of such a doubtful nature as to only warrant the disinfection of the dwelling as a sanitary measure, which precaution the public was entitled to receive by reason of this element of doubt. This has been done under the direct supervision of the State and United States government officers.  Since this investigation was begun and
Combining a β<sub>2</sub>‐agonist with a face mask to prevent exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: E. Millqvist, U. Bengtsson, O. Löwhagen
Journal: Allergy (2000)

In this study, we aimed to test the effect of combining a P2-agonist with a heat- and moisture-exchanging cellulose face mask in patients with bronchoconstriction induced by exercise in cold air.Nine allergic, asthmatic patients with a history of adverse reaction to exercise were tested on an ergometric bicycle at a temperature of approximately -10 degrees C. They were in turn given no treatment, given premedication with a beta2-agonist, allowed to breathe through a heat- and moisture-exchanging cellulose face mask, and given both premedication and the face mask. After each treatment regimen, they were subjected to provocation with exercise and cold air.The decrease in FEV, was greatest with no therapy (mean maximal change: 27%), and this diminished when the face mask was used (mean maximal change: 12%,) or premedication with a 32-agonist was given (mean maximal change: 7%); no decrease in FEV1 occurred with the combination of agonist and face mask.The results suggest that different mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). This finding may be of importance for asthmatic athletes who train and compete in a cold climate and are affected by small changes in their lung function.
German pharmacists are investigated for using unregistered drugs in chemotherapy
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2007)

More than 100 pharmacies in Germany are being investigated for importing drugs not registered in Germany for use in the preparation of intravenous chemotherapy. Two companies in Denmark and the Isle of Man that import and export drugs are also being investigated.

The district attorney in Mannheim said in a press release that the main charge being considered was one of fraud, because the chemotherapy drugs were bought at …
Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection Among Cancer Patients
Authors: David K. Henderson, Joan M. Laniak, Ramona F. Myers, John E. Bennett, Stephen Straus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1981Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection Among Cancer PatientsDAVID K. HENDERSON, M.D., JOAN M. LANIAK, R.N., RAMONA F. MYERS, R.N., JOHN E. BENNETT, M.D., STEPHEN STRAUS, M.D.DAVID K. HENDERSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOAN M. LANIAK, R.N.Search for more papers by this author, RAMONA F. MYERS, R.N.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN E. BENNETT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, STEPHEN STRAUS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-5-655_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the article on varicella-zoster virus infection among cancer patients (1). Although Morens and associates presented convincing evidence that the increased incidence of varicella-zoster virus infections from July to October 1976 may have represented an outbreak of varicella-virus infection, the evidence presented to delineate the route of spread of infection is not as well established. Most of this investigation was necessarily retrospective and was based on chart review, the written descriptions of lesions, and the recollections of hospital staff. The distinction of cases into the probable zoster (reactivation infection) and doubtful zoster (apparent exogenous...References1. MORENSBREGMANWEST DDC. An outbreak of varicella-zoster virus infection among cancer patients. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:414-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STRAUSAULAKHRUYECHAN SHW. Studies on the structure of the varicella zoster virus DNA. J Virol. In press. Google Scholar1. HENDERSONLANIAKMYERSBENNETTSTRAUS DJRJS. Prevention of nosocomial varacella zoster disease. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:515-6. Letter. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID K. HENDERSON, M.D.; JOAN M. LANIAK, R.N.; RAMONA F. MYERS, R.N.; JOHN E. BENNETT, M.D.; STEPHEN STRAUS, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1981Volume 95, Issue 5Page: 655-656KeywordsChartsLesions ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Juvenile Glaucoma, Race, and Refraction
Authors: David Lotufo
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Of 68 patients who presented between the ages of 10 and 35 years with elevated intraocular pressure, 25 were classified as juvenile ocular hypertension and 43 as juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma. Blacks constituted a greater proportion of the primary open-angle glaucoma patients (47%) than of the ocular hypertensives (20%) and in both groups presented at younger ages than did whites. Myopia was present in 59% of the ocular hypertensives and 73% of the primary open-angle glaucoma patients, of whom 39% had more than 6 diopters of myopia. All eyes of black patients with more than 3 diopters of myopia had glaucomatous defects compared with 52% of such eyes of white patients. Our data suggest that myopia is strongly associated with juvenile open-angle glaucoma and that young black patients with elevated intraocular pressure, especially when myopic, are more susceptible to glaucomatous damage than are whites.