tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Potassium Therapy of Metabolic Alkalosis with Azotemia.
Authors: A. Eichenholz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Potassium Therapy of Metabolic Alkalosis with Azotemia.A. Eichenholz, M.D., R. O. Mulhausen, M.D., A. Blumentals, M.D.A. Eichenholz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. O. Mulhausen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. Blumentals, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-737_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe mode of therapy of metabolic alkalosis associated with azotemia has not been defined even though the importance of potassium in the treatment of alkalosis is well known. Observations made in 12 patients with metabolic alkalosis associated with azotemia that was treated with large doses of potassium are reported.Group I, five patients with pyloric obstruction due to vomiting showed on admission the following findings:Blood urea nitrogen, 63 to 132 mg/100 mlArterial:pH, 7:51 to 7.72Carbon dioxide content, 34 to 63 mM/literPotassium, 1.9 to 4.2 mEq/literSodium, 111 to 140 mEq/literChloride, 44 to 74 mEq/liter... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. Eichenholz, M.D.; R. O. Mulhausen, M.D.; A. Blumentals, M.D.Affiliations: Minneapolis, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 737-738KeywordsBlood urea nitrogenCarbon dioxideChloridesPotassiumSodiumVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Transcriptional Targeting of Adenovirally Delivered Tumor Necrosis Factor α by Temozolomide in Experimental Glioblastoma
Authors: Bakhtiar Yamini, Xiaohong Yu, G. Yancey Gillespie, Donald W. Kufe, Ralph R. Weichselbaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Temozolomide is an oral alkylating agent shown to have modest efficacy in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a polypeptide cytokine with synergistic antitumor activity in combination therapy with alkylating agents. We investigated the combined use of Ad.Egr-TNF, a replication-defective adenoviral vector encoding the cDNA for TNF-α under the control of chemo-inducible elements of the egr1 gene promoter, and intraperitoneal temozolomide in an intracranial human malignant glioma model. In hind limb U87MG xenografts, temozolomide produced a 6.4-fold greater induction of TNF-α after infection with Ad.Egr-TNF compared with Ad.Egr-TNF alone at 96 hours (P &amp;lt; 0.02). TNF-α and temozolomide combination leads to a synergistic decrease in U87 cell viability at 72 hours compared with either treatment alone (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Median survival for animals treated with Ad.Egr-TNF alone, temozolomide alone, and Ad.Egr-TNF/temozolomide was 21, 28, and 74 days, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001 by log-rank). Flow cytometric assessment of apoptosis revealed a synergistic increase in U87 cell apoptosis in vitro at 72 hours (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) evaluation of tumor sections revealed significantly increased TUNEL-positive cells after combination treatment compared with either treatment alone (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, combination treatment with transcriptionally activated intratumoral TNF-α and systemic temozolomide significantly prolongs survival in an experimental glioblastoma multiforme model.
In vitro and in vivo arterial differentiation of human multipotent adult progenitor cells
Authors: Xabier L. Aranguren, Aernout Luttun, Carlos Clavel, Cristina Moreno, Gloria Abizanda, Miguel A. Barajas, Beatriz Pelacho, Maialen Uriz, Miriam Araña, Ana Echavarri, Mario Soriano, Enrique J. Andreu, Juana Merino, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Catherine M. Verfaillie, Felipe Prósper
Journal: Blood (2006)
The evolutionary relationships between the two bacteria Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae and their putative last common ancestor
Authors: R. de Rosa, B. Labedan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

We have tried to approach the nature of the last common ancestor to Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli and to determine how each bacterium could have diverged from this putative organism. The approach used was exhaustive analysis of the homologous proteins coded by genes present in these bacteria, using as criteria for sequence relatedness an alignment of at least 80 amino acid residues and a PAM distance (number of accepted point mutations per 100 residues separating two sequences) below 250. Evolutionarily significant similarities were found between 1,345 H. influenzae proteins (85% of the total genome) and 3,058 E. coli. proteins (75% of the total genome), many of them belonging to families of various sizes (from 666 doublets to 35 large groups of more than 10 members). Nearly all the genes found by this approach to be duplicated in both bacteria were already duplicated in their last common ancestor. This was deduced from (1) the comparison of the respective distributions of evolutionary distances between orthologs (genes separated only by speciation events) and paralogs (genes duplicated in the same genome) and (2) the analysis of the phylogenetic trees reconstructed for each family of paralogs containing at least two members belonging to each bacterium. The distributions of the different categories of homologs show a significant loss of paralogous genes in H. influenzae (reduction proportional to the genome size), of many sequences which are still present in one copy in E. coli, and of some entire gene families. Phylogenetic trees also confirmed this recent loss of paralogous genes in H. influenzae. Thus, the genome size of the last common ancestor of these two bacteria would have been close to that of present-day E. coli, and the evolution of H. influenzae toward a parasitic life led to an important decrease in its genome size by some mechanism of streamlining. During this recent evolution, the memory of the gene order present in the last common ancestor has been blurred, but a few short conserved chromosomal fragments can still be detected in present-day E. coli and H. influenzae.
Are You Susceptible to Rubella?
Authors: Jack H. McCubbin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Physicians and nurses who practice obstetrics may be unknowingly susceptible to rubella. Their acquisition of the disease potentially endangers a large number of fetuses. There has been a recent report of classic rubella illness in an actively practicing obstetrician.<sup>1</sup>This problem can be prevented. Each member of an obstetrical team (attending, house staff, students, nurses) could be tested for rubella immunity. Commercial tests are readily available. Assessment of immune status is rapid, inexpensive, and accurate. The test principle is simple. Rubella virus has the property of agglutinating RBCs. Rubellaspecific antibodies will inhibit this agglutination. Any seronegative member of the obstetrical team could be immunized for rubella. A past history of rubella illness should not be accepted as an indication of immunity. Only serological testing is adequate proof of immunity. It seems prudent to be aware of this potential problem and to actively take steps toward prevention.
Treatment of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia With Vinca-Loaded Platelets
Authors: Yeon S. Ahn, William J. Harrington, John J. Byrnes, Lorraine Pall, Janice McCrainie
Journal: JAMA (1983)

We worked with a new strategy for the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) of the warm antibody type. Platelets were loaded with Vinca alkaloids and reacted with antiplatelet antibodies to facilitate their phagocytosis by macrophages, resulting in a measure of selective delivery of the drugs to the cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, which destroy RBCs in AIHA. Four patients were studied. Three with AIHA refractory to splenectomy and the use of moderate doses of glucocorticoids achieved hematologic and clinical remissions. Administration of steroids was either discontinued or reduced to minimal doses after treatment. Remissions lasted three years in two patients and one year in the other. Responses were characterized by prompt prolongation of RBC survival, correction of anemia, and gradual decrease in cell-bound antibody. In one nonsplenectomized patient, the disorder did not respond. Platelet-Vinca alkaloid complex is useful in the treatment of AIHA refractory to splenectomy and use of steroids.
My Child Never Cried
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1981)

My child never cried. He was a 6-year-old black boy. You couldn't really tell how beautiful he was because he was burned over 50% of his body, including parts of his face, but you sensed it anyway. His life was sustained by intravenous feedings, and, because of his age, the extent of skin loss secondary to burn, and the size of his veins, he required a "cutdown" for their administration. This minor surgical procedure, in which a vein is located under local anesthesia through a small incision and a cannula is inserted therein, had to be repeated frequently because either the cannula would pull out of the vein or it would clog up because his fragile tissues could not support the apparatus. Cutdowns were performed at the bedside by the intern assigned to the Children's Burn Service. That was me. It was the fourth cutdown I was doing on him,
Post-transplant Outcomes of Children Bridged to Transplant With the Berlin Heart EXCOR Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Pirooz Eghtesady, Christopher S.D. Almond, Christine Tjossem, Deirdre Epstein, Michiaki Imamura, Mark Turrentine, James Tweddell, Robert D.B. Jaquiss, Charles Canter
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Recent data suggest that Berlin Heart EXCOR Pediatric (EXCOR) ventricular assist device improves waiting list survival for pediatric heart transplant candidates. Little is known about their post-transplant outcomes. The aim of this analysis was to determine whether there was a difference in early survival for children bridged to transplant with EXCOR versus status 1A pediatric heart transplant patients not transplanted with ventricular assist device support. Methods and Results— Pediatric heart transplant patients (n=106) bridged to transplantation with EXCOR were compared with a similarly aged cohort (n=1021) within the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) database (both cohorts from May 2007 to December 2010). In the EXCOR group, 12-month post-transplant survival (88.7%) was similar to OPTN patients listed status 1A who were not on ventricular assist device support at transplant (89.3%; P =0.85) and significantly better than 12-month survival in OPTN patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at transplant (60.3%; P &lt;0.001). Rejection (50%) was a significantly ( P =0.005) higher cause of 12-month post-transplant mortality in the EXCOR compared with the OPTN group. Death after transplant was also higher in EXCOR patients with congenital heart disease compared with those with cardiomyopathy (26.1% versus 7.2%; P =0.02). Post-transplant survival was similar in EXCOR patients with ≥1 serious adverse event during ventricular assist device support as those without an event during support. Conclusions— The 12-month post-transplant survival with EXCOR is comparable with overall pediatric heart transplant survival and superior to survival after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Neither adverse events during support nor factors associated with mortality during support influence post-transplant survival. Rejection was a significantly greater cause of post-transplant mortality in EXCOR than in OPTN patients.
Humanitarian assistance: standards, skills, training, and experience
Authors: Marion Birch, Simon Miller
Journal: BMJ (2005)

### The Sphere Project

Those affected by catastrophe and conflicts often lose basic human rights. Recognising this, a group of humanitarian non-governmental organisations and the Red Cross movement launched the Sphere Project in 1997. The aim of this project was to improve the quality of assistance and enhance the accountability of the humanitarian system in disaster response by developing a set of universal minimum standards in core areas and a humanitarian charter.

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Refugee camp in Darfur, Sudan, 1985. Refugees from the drought and conflict in Chad had been brought by truck from further up the border between Chad and Sudan before the rains came, so that they would not be cut off from outside aid during the rainy season

The charter, based on international treaties and conventions, emphasises the right of people affected by disaster to life with dignity. It identifies the protection of this right as a quality measure of humanitarian work and one for which humanitarian actors bear responsibilities.

View this table:

What does the Sphere Project cover?



The Sphere Project was launched in response to concern about inconsistencies in aid provided to people affected by disaster, and the frequent lack of accountability of humanitarian agencies to their beneficiaries, their membership, and their donors. The project attempts to identify and define the rights of populations affected by disasters in order to facilitate effective planning and implementation of humanitarian relief.

View this table:

Table 2 
People in Aid Code of Good Practice



### People in Aid: human resources management

People in Aid was founded with two main aims—to highlight the importance of human resources management in the effective achievement of an organisation's mission, and to offer support to humanitarian and development agencies wishing to improve human resources management.

After the Rwanda crisis, research showed that aid workers saw organisational and management issues as prime stressors in their work. From this research, the People in Aid Code of Good …

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The Problem of Social Medicine: Equilibrating the Distribution and Technology of Medical Care
Authors: Winslow Carlton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

NO SUBJECT calls more insistently than social medicine for a disclaimer of omniscience. Medicine as a social institution is peculiarly complex both in structure and in function. This paper essays only to indicate the nature of a central problem and to suggest a few principles for guidance toward solution.Throughout the United States today, one element in the distribution of medical care is under sharp attack. Strong political forces are pressing for a new way of paying for medical services. On the principle that all people have an equal right to the benefits of medicine, it is proposed that the . . .
Handbook of exercise in diabetes, 2nd edn
Authors: G Winter
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Edited by John T Devlin, Stephen H Schneider. Published by American Diabetes Association, 2002, £51.50, hardcover, pp 699. ISBN 1580400191

This is the second edition of a substantial multiauthored work of more than 700 pages from the American Diabetic Association published in 2002. It aims to provide a practical yet comprehensive guide to diabetes and exercise for clinical health professionals. Let me say from the outset that this edition predominantly achieves this aim.

This “new” …
Ward design and neonatal jaundice in the tropics: report of an epidemic.
Authors: P Barss, K Comfort
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Architectural modifications to an existing tropical obstetric ward involved extension of the roof overhangs to a width of several metres. These extensions excluded most of the daylight from the ward. An alarming increase in the incidence of jaundice (bilirubin concentration greater than or equal to 240 mumol/l (greater than or equal to 14 mg/100 ml] from 0.5% to 17% in newborn infants occurred after the modifications. Tropical obstetric wards and nurseries should continue to be built with windows facing north-south for coolness. They should, however, have as many windows as possible and the roof overhangs should be limited to about 1 m to allow adequate indirect sunlight to enter, giving a high intensity of illumination, and help prevent neonatal jaundice.
Ethical debate: Brain stem death: managing care when accepted medical guidelines and religious beliefs are in conflict Consideration and compromise are possible Commentary: Delay in stopping treatment can become unreasonable and unfair
Authors: D. Inwald
Journal: BMJ (2000)

What should doctors do when a patient in intensive care is declared brain stem dead, but according to their family's religious beliefs is still alive and must continue to be given treatment? Two UK paediatric intensive care specialists describe how they resolved such a difficulty by allowing their patient, an orthodox Jew, to remain on mechanical ventilation until she died from "natural" causes, while a former chief rabbi explains the Jewish position in more detail. However, two Australian intensive care specialists believe that unreasonable delay in stopping treatment serves neither the interests of the patient nor those of society and can be difficult for staff. # Consideration and compromise are possible {#article-title-2} A young orthodox Jewish girl in our paediatric intensive care unit was declared brain stem dead. However, neither her parents nor their religious advisers accepted that she was dead and refused to countenance withdrawal of care. We describe the ethical dilemmas surrounding her management and suggest strategies for dealing with similar cases in future. #### Summary points Brain stem death is not recognised by orthodox Jews as death of the individual Families should not be pressurised into consenting to withdrawal of care Rabbinical authorities should be consulted for moral guidance if an orthodox Jew is declared brain stem dead while being ventilated mechanically Compromises that are acceptable to medical and nursing staff are usually possible Asystole usually occurs within a few days of brain stem death even if limited supportive care is continued A 3 year old Jewish girl was being investigated by a paediatric neurologist at another hospital because of unsteadiness, intermittent tremors, and facial weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging, performed under general anaesthesia, showed a large, right sided, temporal mass extending into the midbrain. The scan was performed as a day case and the child returned home to await urgent neurosurgical referral. The procedure had been undertaken … Correspondence to: M Fisher
Use of Fluoroscopy in the Removal of Aspirated Foreign Bodies
Authors: Lawrence J. Mills, David M. Lolley, Aaron S. Estrera, Melvin R. Platt
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recovery of aspirated foreign bodies remains a challenge to the endoscopist and often taxes his greatest skills. Within a one-week period, two young patients were seen with the identical problem of a straight pin aspirated into the depths of the left lower lobe. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> The first patient, an 11-month-old child, arrived in the emergency room with a history of acute onset of cough that began during play with her mother's sewing kit. Results of physical examination were normal. A chest roentgenogram showed a straight pin in the left lower lobe (Fig 1). Under general anesthesia, attempts were made to remove the pin with use of a 5-mm Jackson bronchoscope and foreign body forceps. Although the top of the pin could be intermittently visualized, it could not be engaged by the forceps. As a final maneuver prior to thoracotomy, a portable fluoroscope
Intestinal Obstruction during Pregnancy
Authors: Morris Feresten
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

INTESTINAL obstruction is a rare complication of pregnancy. It occurs from the same cause and demands the same surgical attention that is given to the nonpregnant person. However, it is more difficult to make an early diagnosis and to perform intestinal operation in the presence of an enlarged, gravid uterus. The infrequent appearance and grave prognosis of this condition warrant the reporting of the following case.Case ReportMrs. C. B., a 24-year-old primigravida whose menstrual periods had occurred every 28 days and lasted 4 days, without dysmenorrhea, had had no previous operations. Her last menstrual period had begun on . . .
THE NAUHEIM BATHS AND TREATMENT OF HEART DISEASES.
Authors: G. WACHENFELD
Journal: JAMA (1906)

During my stay in the United States an article by Dr. J. M. Anders<sup>1</sup>of Philadelphia on the action of the Nauheim cure attracted my attention. I deem it my duty to say a few words in reply to his statements, both in the interest of Nauheim and of Americans suffering from heart diseases who are unable to visit Nauheim for relief. Those not acquainted with Nauheim and the prevailing conditions who read these statements must be led to the conclusion that it is a generally accepted practice at the place to treat heart disease with gymnastic exercises. This is by no means the case. The fact is that out of fifty physicians practicing in Nauheim the Schott treatment is solely applied by Professor Schott. A number of the Nauheim colleagues still occasionally permit the patients to exercise with the Zanders apparatus, but not until the muscles of the
Autoimmune Hypoglycemia in a Type 2 Diabetic Patient With Anti-Insulin and Insulin Receptor Antibodies
Authors: Chong Hwa Kim, Ji Hyun Park, Tae Sun Park, Hong Sun Baek
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

e read with interest the article by Aso et al. (1) showing greater plasma concentrations of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in type 2 diabetic patients compared with matched control subjects.While the authors found no significant associations between fasting levels of IL-18 and homeostasis model assessment, a measure of insulin resistance, they found associations between IL-18 and C-reactive protein concentrations.Moreover, carotid intima-media thickness, a validated surrogate measure of atherosclerosis, was greater in diabetic patients with high IL-18 than in those with normal IL-18.As a whole, these data add to the mounting evidence that diabetes may be regarded as a chronic lowgrade inflammatory state.However, we disagree with the authors' conclusions that "the present study demonstrated for the first time that plasma IL-18 concentrations were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in age-matched control subjects" because we have reported similar findings in Diabetes Care (2).In that study, we demonstrated that 30 newly diagnosed, slightly overweight (BMI 26.9 Ϯ 1.2 kg/m 2 , means Ϯ SD) type 2 diabetic patients without clinical or instrumental evidence of micro-and macrovascular complications presented higher circulating concentrations of IL-18 compared with nondiabetic subjects matched for sex, age, and body weight (205 Ϯ 39 vs. 120 Ϯ 25 pg/ml, P Ͻ 0.01).It is reassuring to see that the fasting values of IL-18 in the Japanese diabetic patients studied by Aso et al. (1) were quite similar (203 Ϯ 153 pg/ml) to those of our Caucasian diabetic patients and that the relation between fasting plasma glucose and IL-18 concentrations was present in both studies (r ϭ 0.31, P Ͻ 0.05; r ϭ 0.24, P Ͻ 0.02, respectively).These results suggest that ethnicity does not to play a major role in these associations.IL-18 is a potent proinflammatory cy-tokine reported to play a role in plaque destabilization (3) and predict cardiovascular death in patients with coronary artery disease (4).Although IL-18 is produced mainly by monocyte/macrophages, a contribution from adipose tissue has recently been suggested (5).In the light of the evidence that IL-18 circulating levels are higher in type 2 diabetic patients than matched nondiabetic subjects and correlate with fasting glucose levels, it does not seem hazardous to hypothesize that IL-18 may play a role in acute coronary syndromes through plaque destabilization ( 6).This working hypothesis, which deserves further investigation, also finds support in the observation that acute hyperglycemia may increase circulation levels of IL-18 in both normal subjects and patients with impaired glucose tolerance (7).