tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation 2003 International Consensus Guidelines
Authors: Jaime A Davidson, Alan Wilkinson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

New-onset diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are among the most serious metabolic complications of solid organ transplantation. Despite the importance of these conditions to the outcome of transplant recipients, their precise incidence is difficult to determine. This is due to the fact that there has been, until recently, no consensus regarding the definition of new-onset diabetes after transplantation. Thus different studies described in the literature have used a variety of diagnostic criteria (1). Consequently, the reported incidence of new-onset diabetes after transplantation has varied between 2 and 53%, whereas the prevalence of diabetes in the general population is estimated at ∼4% (2,3).

Although new-onset diabetes has been recognized as a complication of transplantation for 50 years (4), the significance of the condition has been grossly underestimated. This is largely due to the fact that diabetes in transplant recipients was generally thought not to be associated with the micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes in the nontransplant population (5). It is now clear, however, that the development of new-onset diabetes after transplantation is a major determinant of the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seen in transplant recipients (6–8). Furthermore, studies indicate that the development of diabetes after transplantation has serious consequences for the patient, being associated with reduced graft function and patient survival and increased risk of graft loss (5,9,10). In addition, a recent analysis has revealed that the costs of developing new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation are $12,000–$13,000 higher than for those with no diabetes by the end of the first year following transplantation. These costs rise to $19,000–$22,000 higher by the end of the second year (11).

Studies suggest that a number of risk factors exist that may predict the development of new-onset diabetes in transplant patients. In …
Low pressure radiofrequency balloon angioplasty: Evaluation in porcine peripheral arteries
Authors: Daniel B. Fram, Linda D. Gillam, Thomas A. Aretz, Rogelio V. Tangco, Joseph F. Mitchel, John P. Fisher, Brenda W. Sanzobrino, Francis J. Kiernan, Sigfus Nikulasson, Arnold Fieldman, Raymond G. McKay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Relationship Between Level of Hepatitis B Virus DNA and Liver Disease: A Population-based Study of Hepatitis B e Antigen–Negative Persons With Hepatitis B
Authors: Brian J McMahon, Lisa Bulkow, Brenna Simons, Yuhong Zhang, Susan Negus, Chriss Homan, Philip Spradling, Eyasu Teshale, Daryl Lau, Mary Snowball, Stephen E Livingston
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Version 2.2014
Authors: Margaret von Mehren, R. Lor Randall, Robert S. Benjamin, Sarah Boles, Marilyn M. Bui, Ephraim S. Casper, Ernest U. Conrad, Thomas F. DeLaney, Kristen N. Ganjoo, Suzanne George, Ricardo J. Gonzalez, Martin J. Heslin, John M. Kane, Joel Mayerson, Sean V. McGarry, Christian Meyer, Richard J. O’Donnell, Alberto S. Pappo, I. Benjamin Paz, John D. Pfeifer, Richard F. Riedel, Scott Schuetze, Karen D. Schupak, Herbert S. Schwartz, Brian A. Van Tine, Jeffrey D. Wayne, Mary Anne Bergman, Hema Sundar
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

These NCCN Guidelines Insights highlight the important updates to the NCCN Guidelines for Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS) specific to the role of radiation therapy in the management of patients with retroperitoneal/intra-abdominal STS. The guidelines have also included recommendations for genetic testing and counseling for patients with a clinical and/or family history of genetic cancer syndromes associated with a predisposition for the development of STS.
Is there an association between exposure to environmental estrogens and breast cancer?
Authors: S H Safe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

It was initially reported that levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or p,p'-DDE were elevated in breast cancer patients (serum or tissue) versus controls. These results, coupled with reports that selected environmental estrogens decreased 17beta-estradiol (E2) 2-hydroxylase activity and increased the ratio of 16alpha-hydroxyestrone/2-hydroxyestrone metabolites in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, have led to the hypothesis that xenoestrogens are a preventable cause of breast cancer. More recent studies and analysis of organochlorine levels in breast cancer patients versus controls show that these contaminants are not elevated in the latter group. Moreover, occupational exposure to relatively high levels of PCBs and DDT/DDE are not associated with an increased incidence of breast cancer. A reexamination of the radiometric E2 2-hydroxylase assay in MCF-7 cells with diverse estrogens, antiestrogens, and carcinogens showed that the mammary carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene induced this response and the antiestrogen ICI 164,384 decreased E2 2-hydroxylase activity. Thus, E2 2-hydroxylase activity and the 16alpha-hydroxyestrone/2-hydroxyestrone metabolite ratio in MCF-7 cells does not predict xenoestrogens or mammary carcinogens.
Difference in Association of Obesity With Prostate Cancer Risk Between US African American and Non-Hispanic White Men in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)
Authors: Wendy E. Barrington, Jeannette M. Schenk, Ruth Etzioni, Kathryn B. Arnold, Marian L. Neuhouser, Ian M. Thompson, M. Scott Lucia, Alan R. Kristal
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> African American men have the highest rates of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. Understanding underlying reasons for this disparity could identify preventive interventions important to African American men. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether the association of obesity with prostate cancer risk differs between African American and non-Hispanic white men and whether obesity modifies the excess risk associated with African American race. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Prospective study of 3398 African American and 22 673 non-Hispanic white men who participated in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (2001-2011) with present analyses completed in 2014. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Total, low-grade (Gleason score &lt;7), and high-grade (Gleason score ≥7) prostate cancer incidence. <h3>Results</h3> With a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 5.6 (1.8) years, there were 270, 148, and 88 cases of total, low-, and high-grade prostate cancers among African American men and a corresponding 1453, 898, and 441 cases in non-Hispanic white men, respectively. Although not associated with risk among non-Hispanic white men, BMI was positively associated with an increase in risk among African American men (BMI, &lt;25 vs ≥35: hazard ratio [HR], 1.49 [95% CI, 0.95, 2.34];<i>P</i>for trend = .03). Consequently, the risk associated with African American race increased from 28% (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 0.91-1.80]) among men with BMI less than 25 to 103% (HR, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.38-2.98]) among African American men with BMI at least 35 (<i>P</i>for trend = .03). Body mass index was inversely associated with low-grade prostate cancer risk within non-Hispanic white men (BMI, &lt;25 vs ≥35: HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.58-1.09];<i>P</i>for trend = .02) but positively associated with risk within African American men (BMI, &lt;25 vs ≥35: HR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.17-4.21];<i>P</i>for trend = .05). Body mass index was positively associated with risk of high-grade prostate cancer in both non-Hispanic white men (BMI, &lt;25 vs ≥35: HR, 1.33 [95% CI, 0.90-1.97];<i>P</i>for trend = .01) and African American men, although the increase may be larger within African American men, albeit the racial interaction was not statistically significant (BMI, &lt;25 vs ≥35: HR, 1.81 [95% CI, 0.79-4.11];<i>P</i>for trend = .02). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Obesity is more strongly associated with increased prostate cancer risk among African American than non-Hispanic white men and reducing obesity among African American men could reduce the racial disparity in cancer incidence. Additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differential effects of obesity in African American and non-Hispanic white men.
Handling of epidermal growth factor and number of epidermal growth factor receptors are changed in aged male rats
Authors: Ulrich Marti
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

In the aged liver, cell proliferation and induction of DNA synthesis by epidermal growth factor is impaired. Changes in the hepatic handling of epidermal growth factor may be important for these effects. I compared epidermal growth factor handling in the livers of young and old rats. Epidermal growth factor binding capacity of plasma membranes was reduced from 1.30 +/- 0.15 to 0.51 +/- 0.19 pmol/mg in young and old animals, respectively. Intracellular handling of epidermal growth factor was assessed by means of portal injection of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor and collection of bile samples. The extraction of epidermal growth factor showed no significant difference. After 60 min the remaining radioactivity in the aged liver was half that in young liver. The total radioactivity secreted into bile was reduced from 16.5% +/- 5.7% to 10.0% +/- 2.3% of the injected dose in young and old animals, respectively. Per gram of liver and per 10(6) cpm injected, the old animals secreted only 30.9% of the amount secreted by young animals. The secretion of immunologically intact epidermal growth factor into bile was reduced from 1.6% +/- 0.8% to 0.78% +/- 0.2% of the injected dose in the young and old animals, respectively. Perfusion experiments showed that in aged liver the amount of total radioactivity secreted into the perfusate was increased to 133.6% that of the young liver. Per gram of liver and per 10(6) cpm injected, however, we found a reduction to 80.7%. Exocytosis at the canalicular and basolateral membrane appeared to be differently affected by aging.
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; WITH PRESENTATION OF SPECIMEN.Read before the St. Louis Medical Society, January 24, 1891,
Authors: YOUNG H. BOND
Journal: JAMA (1891)

I do not wish to report a case of mere ectopie pregnancy, since I did not see the patient from whom this specimen was obtained. She bled to death and presented the usual symptoms incident to a lesion of this character; the diagnosis was not made. On post-mortem the abdominal cavity was found filled with clotted blood, which had proceeded from a rupture of the right Fallopian tube. With great confidence, I pronounce this a case of ruptured tubai pregnancy; for whilst no foetus was found (none being sought for), the gross appearance of the parts justifies the exclusion of all other lesions to which the tubes are liable. Nothing is found to sustain the belief that the inflammatory disturbances to which the tubes are liable, or the neoplasms which, in rare instances, attack them, produced the pathological appearances present. Extravasation of blood into the tubes, with subsequent rupture into
Pre and postoperative ventricular function in infants and children with right ventricular volume overload.
Authors: M Nakazawa, J M Jarmakani, M T Gyepes, J V Prochazka, S M Yabek, R A Marks
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Hemodynamic and ventricular volume parameters were evaluated in 21 patients (24 studies) with total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), 11 patients with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD), and eight patients who had complete correction of TAPVR or ASD. Right and left ventricular (RV and LV) volume parameters were calculated according to Simpson's rule and the area length methods, respectively. In infants with TAPVR, RV end-diastolic volume was larger than normal, but RV ejection fraction was significantly less than normal. LV end-diastolic volume and LV ejection fraction were all less than normal in infants with or without pulmonary hypertension, and the values did not correlate with the cardiorespiratory symptoms. In children with TAPVR or ASD, RV end-diastolic volume and output were higher than normal preoperatively and decreased to normal or near normal values postoperatively. The data suggest that pulmonary venous obstruction and/or RV failure are responsible for cardiorespiratory symptoms in infants with TAPVR and early surgical intervention is recommended in these patients.
SHP-1 expression accounts for resistance to imatinib treatment in Philadelphia chromosome–positive cells derived from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Nicola Esposito, Irene Colavita, Concetta Quintarelli, Agostino Rodeo Sica, Anna Lucia Peluso, Luigia Luciano, Marco Picardi, Luigi Del Vecchio, Tonia Buonomo, Timothy P. Hughes, Deborah White, Jerald P. Radich, Domenico Russo, Susan Branford, Giuseppe Saglio, Junia V. Melo, Rosanna Martinelli, Margherita Ruoppolo, Thea Kalebic, Giovanni Martinelli, Fabrizio Pane
Journal: Blood (2011)
Abstract LB-445: Reappraisal of breast cancer incidence in the United States
Authors: William F. Anderson, Hormuzd Katki, Philip S. Rosenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Breast cancer incidence in the United States rose until 1999 then fell. This decline was most apparent among older women with easier-to-treat estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors; reported incidence of more aggressive ER negative cancers was stable. However, these analyses did not account for missing ER data, which can reduce statistical power and more importantly bias the observed trends. We, therefore, developed an imputation method to correct for missing ER using a national sample of 379,323 breast cancers diagnosed from 1992 through 2007. After correction, current incidence of ER positive tumors was surprisingly similar to pre-1999 incidence, whereas ER negative cancers fell steadily by 1.8% per year. We show for the first time that the recent national decline in breast cancer overall reflects an unexpected drop in ER negative rates more than any changes in ER positive rates. These refined results challenge past interpretations and have the potential to better gauge breast cancer trends. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-445. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-445
Targeted Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves Respiratory Muscle Function and Reduces Dyspnea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Andrew Harver
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To examine the effects of targeted inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle function, clinical ratings of dyspnea, and perception of resistive loads in symptomatic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial with an 8-week treatment period. Setting: Outpatient pulmonary clinic and pulmonary function laboratory. Participants: We studied 19 patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, assigning 10 patients to an experimental group and 9 to a control group. Interventions: Patients in both groups trained for 15 minutes twice each day using a device that provided breath-to-breath visual feedback of training intensity. Patients in the experimental group trained at six increasing levels of inspiratory resistance, whereas the patients in the control group trained at a constant, nominal level of resistance. Measurements and Results: Although there was no statistically discernible difference in the effects of targeted muscle training on the mean difference in maximal inspiratory pressures between the two groups (9.83 cm H2O; 95% CI, - 7.37 to 27.03), patients in the experimental group did show a significant increase in inspiratory muscle strength (15.03 cm H2O; P = 0.01). Experimental subjects also had decreased dyspnea after 8 weeks of training compared with control subjects (P = 0.003). Improvements in physiologic values and in dyspnea ratings were correlated. The perception of added resistive loads was not affected by inspiratory muscle training. Conclusions: Targeted inspiratory muscle training may enhance respiratory muscle function and reduce dyspnea in symptomatic patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The<i>MYCN</i>Enigma: Significance of<i>MYCN</i>Expression in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Xao X. Tang, Huaqing Zhao, Bing Kung, David Y. Kim, Sakeenah L. Hicks, Susan L. Cohn, Nai-Kong Cheung, Robert C. Seeger, Audrey E. Evans, Naohiko Ikegaki
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract MYCN amplification strongly predicts adverse outcome of neuroblastoma. However, the significance of MYCN expression in the clinical and biological behavior of neuroblastoma has been unclear. To address this question, we first examined the expression of MYCN in combination with TrkA (a favorable prognostic indicator of neuroblastoma) in 91 primary neuroblastoma by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and investigated the relationship among patient survival, MYCN, and TrkA expressions. Three subsets of neuroblastoma were defined based on MYCN and TrkA expression. Neuroblastoma expressing the highest level of MYCN but little TrkA were MYCN-amplified cases, which had a 5-year survival of 9.3%. Interestingly, MYCN and TrkA expression showed a linear correlation (r = 0.5664, P &amp;lt; 0.00005) in neuroblastoma lacking MYCN amplification, and the 5-year survival of neuroblastoma patients with low MYCN and low TrkA expressions was 63.7%, whereas those with high expression of both had a 5-year survival of 88.1% (P &amp;lt; 0.00005). This nonlinear distribution of disease outcome relative to MYCN expression in neuroblastoma explains why MYCN expression is not predictive of neuroblastoma disease outcome by dichotomous division of the neuroblastoma cohort. However, high-level MYCN expression is associated with favorable outcome in neuroblastoma lacking MYCN amplification. Furthermore, forced expression of MYCN significantly suppresses growth of neuroblastoma cells lacking MYCN amplification by inducing apoptosis and enhancing favorable neuroblastoma gene expression. Collectively, these data suggest that high-level MYCN expression in neuroblastoma lacking MYCN amplification results in a benign phenotype. Thus, the high MYCN expression confers the opposite biological consequence in neuroblastoma, depending on whether or not MYCN is amplified. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2826-33)
Myocardial Sympathetic Innervation and Long-Term Left Ventricular Mechanical Unloading
Authors: Stavros G. Drakos, Theodoros Athanasoulis, Konstantinos G. Malliaras, John V. Terrovitis, Nikolaos Diakos, Dimitrios Koudoumas, Argirios S. Ntalianis, Stergios P. Theodoropoulos, Magdi H. Yacoub, John N. Nanas
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia with confocal laser endomicroscopy in vivo: a prospective study
Authors: Y.-T. Guo, Y.-Q. Li, T. Yu, T.-G. Zhang, J.-N. Zhang, H. Liu, F.-G. Liu, X.-J. Xie, Q. Zhu, Y.-A. Zhao
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is a risk factor for development of intestinal-type gastric cancer. We aimed to assess the usefulness of confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) in diagnosing GIM.28 patients with known GIM underwent CLE, and CLE criteria for diagnosis of GIM were developed. In addition, 53 consecutive patients with known or suspected GIM were prospectively evaluated.GIM was identified if any of the following three features were present in an image field: goblet cells, columnar absorptive cells and brush border, and villiform foveolar epithelium. GIM was then classified as complete or incomplete according to the shape of the goblet cells, the presence of absorptive cells or brush border, and the architecture of vessels and crypts. In a prospective study, a total of 13 670 CLE images were obtained. Among 267 sites from 53 patients, 160 from 36 patients were diagnosed histopathologically as GIM. The sensitivities of conventional endoscopy and CLE for GIM were 36.88 % vs. 98.13 %, and the specificities were 91.59 % vs. 95.33 %, respectively. The kappa value for the correlation with histological findings was 0.25 for conventional endoscopy vs. 0.94 for CLE. The sensitivity and specificity of CLE were 68.03 % and 89.66 %, respectively, for the diagnosis of complete GIM, and 68.42 % and 83.41 %, respectively, for incomplete GIM; the kappa value for the correspondence between CLE and histological findings was 0.67.CLE is a useful and potentially important method for the diagnosis and classification of GIM in vivo.
Poverty, plague, and prison
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Sixty-three patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly divided into 3 groups, and treated with either sodium aurothiomalate (Myocrisin), auranofin, or placebo. Gold levels in whole blood, plasma, and haemolysate were measured serially along with clinical and laboratory parameters of efficacy. Auranofin produced a higher ratio of haemolysate to plasma gold than Myocrisin, and it appears that the affinity of the red cell for gold is reduced during therapy with auranofin. Gold levels did not correlate with changes in the pain score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein, nor with the development of toxicity. In the Myocrisin group the haemolysate gold level achieved was dependent on the number of cigarettes smoked. In the auranofin group there was no such correlation, but the haemolysate gold level was higher for smokers than non-smokers. The likely action of gold is discussed.
Sustained-Release Bupropion for Smoking Cessation in African Americans
Authors: Jasjit S. Ahluwalia, Kari Jo Harris, Delwyn Catley, Kolawole S. Okuyemi, Matthew S. Mayo
Journal: JAMA (2002)

African Americans disproportionately experience greater smoking attributable morbidity and mortality. Few clinical trials for smoking cessation in African Americans have been conducted, despite a different profile of both smoking and quitting patterns.To compare a sustained-release form of bupropion hydrochloride (bupropion SR) with placebo for smoking cessation among African Americans.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from February 11, 1999, to December 8, 2000, of 600 African American adults treated at a community-based health care center. Volunteers, who smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day were recruited by targeted media and health care professionals.Participants were randomly assigned to receive 150 mg of bupropion SR (n = 300) or placebo (n = 300) twice daily for 7 weeks. Brief motivational counseling was provided in-person at baseline, quit day, weeks 1 and 3, end of treatment (week 6), and by telephone at day 3 and weeks 5 and 7.Biochemically confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinence at weeks 6 and 26 following quit day.Using intention-to-treat procedures, confirmed abstinence rates at the end of 7 weeks of treatment were 36.0% in the bupropion SR group and 19.0% in the placebo group (17.0 percentage point difference; 95% confidence interval, 9.7-24.4; P<.001). At 26 weeks the quit rates were 21.0% in the treatment and 13.7% in the placebo groups (7.3 percentage point difference; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-13.7; P =.02). Those taking bupropion SR experienced a greater mean reduction in depression symptoms at week 6 (2.96 [9.45] vs 1.13 [8.84]) than those taking placebo, and after controlling for continuous abstinence, those taking bupropion SR also gained less weight than those taking placebo.Bupropion SR was effective for smoking cessation among African Americans and may be useful in reducing the health disparities associated with smoking.