tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tc-99m Tetrofosmin Uptake by Recurrent Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: SERDAR ERDEM, AHMET BASKAN, ÇINAR BAŜHEKIM, EROL FILIZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Myocardial perfusion imaging agents such as Tl-201 chloride and Tc-99m MIBI have been used successfully in imaging of the thyroid malignancy and its metastases. We present a patient with metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma, which was successfully imaged with Tc-99m tetrofosmin. The Tc-99m tetrofosmin image clearly delineated the extent of tumor as demonstrated on l-131 imaging. Tc-99m tetrofosmin scintigraphy may be useful as a complementary technique in the detection of metastases in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
Is there IgA of gut mucosal origin in the serum of HIV1 infected patients?
Authors: A Quesnel, P Moja, F Lucht, J L Touraine, B Pozzetto, C Genin
Journal: Gut (1994)

This study was performed in 77 HIV1 seropositive adult patients to characterise the IgA hyperglobulinaemia seen in the serum during the course of HIV infection. It was shown that both IgA1 and IgA2 subclass concentrations were simultaneously increased but the IgA1 increase was predominant. Secretory IgA (SIgA) concentration was significantly increased and IgA activity to gliadin, bovine serum albumin, and casein could be detected and was correlated with SIgA concentration. In contrast, IgA activity to cytomegalovirus and to tetanus toxoid did not correlate with total IgA concentration. These data suggest the presence of IgA from gut mucosal origin in the serum of these patients. Hyper IgA was inversely correlated with the CD4+ cell number. The increase of all parameters studied varied according to the total IgA concentration in the serum but was also directly related to the stage of immune deficiency in patients with hyper IgA.
Radiofrequency ablation of slow pathway in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Do arrhythmia recurrences correlate with persistent slow pathway conduction or site of successful ablation?
Authors: A S Manolis, P J Wang, N A Estes
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Residual slow pathway conduction in the form of persistent jump in the atrioventricular (AV) conduction time or atrial echo beats is a common finding after successful radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the slow pathway in patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Sites of successful RF ablation of the slow pathway may be located anteriorly in the tricuspid annulus (cephalad to the coronary sinus os) or posteriorly (at, within, or caudal to the coronary sinus os). The aim of this study was to investigate whether arrhythmia recurrences correlate with persistent slow pathway conduction or site of successful ablation.Among 55 patients with symptomatic AVNRT having RF ablation, 23 patients (42%) (group 1) had evidence of persistent dual AV nodal pathway physiology and/or echo beats, whereas in 32 patients (group 2), slow pathway conduction had been completely eliminated. With regard to ablation sites, 14 patients (25%) (group A) had their slow pathway successfully ablated at an inferoposterior site, whereas in 41 patients (group B), the ablation site was located anteriorly to the coronary sinus os. The study patients included 17 men and 38 women, aged 37 +/- 18 years. The electrophysiological study and RF ablation were performed in a single session in 50 patients (91%). After the first session, the technique was successful in all patients (100%), with elimination of AVNRT and without affecting AV conduction. A mean of 9 +/- 6 lesions were applied. The total procedure time averaged 4 +/- 1 hours. Fluoroscopy time was 41 +/- 25 minutes. Except for transient AV block in 1 patient, no other complications occurred. Over 12 +/- 8 months, a total of 7 patients (13%) had recurrence of AVNRT, and 6 of them underwent successful repeat slow pathway RF ablation. Recurrence rate was 9% (2 patients) for group 1, with persistent jump or echo beats, and 16% (5 patients) for group 2, without residual slow pathway conduction (P = NS). Five of the recurrences (71%) were noted in group A and 2 in group B. Thus, the recurrence rate was 36% for group A (5 of 14 patients), with posterior ablations, and 5% for group B (2 of 41 patients), with anterior sites of successful RF ablation (P < .05).After successful RF ablation of the slow pathway in patients with AVNRT, residual slow pathway conduction does not correlate with clinical tachycardia recurrences. However, the site of successful RF ablation of the slow pathway does correlate with arrhythmia recurrences. More recurrences are observed when the site is located inferoposteriorly, at or below the os of the coronary sinus, as compared with medial and anterior locations of the ablation site.
Controlled release and ocular absorption of tilisolol utilizing ophthalmic insert-incorporated lipophilic prodrugs
Authors: Shigeru Kawakami, Koyo Nishida, Takahiro Mukai, Kenzo Yamamura, Junzo Nakamura, Toshiyuki Sakaeda, Mikiro Nakashima, Hitoshi Sasaki
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2001)
RADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT IN INFANTS
Authors: HENRY DWIGHT CHAPIN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The difference between a dissection of the body in studying various viscera and organs and the modern Roentgen examination of the same parts will often show quite a field of divergence. The great advantage of the latter method is, of course, that it is dealing with the living and functioning body. Not only are the positions and relations of the organs liable to be somewhat different in life and death, but the mobility and motility of the viscera can be studied by the new method. In the present study, two cases were observed in reference to the rapidity with which a suspension of barium sulphate could travel from the stomach to the cecum and thence through the large intestine to the outlet of the body. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —James L., aged 8 months, weight 14 pounds, 6 ounces. Physical examination negative. Admitted to the hospital for observation as he had had
Enhanced gastric nitric oxide synthase activity in duodenal ulcer patients.
Authors: D Rachmilewitz, F Karmeli, R Eliakim, R Stalnikowicz, Z Ackerman, G Amir, J S Stamler
Journal: Gut (1994)

Nitric oxide, the product of nitric oxide synthase in inflammatory cells, may have a role in tissue injury through its oxidative metabolism. Nitric oxide may have a role in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer and may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the association between gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori and peptic disease. In this study, calcium independent nitric oxide synthase activity was detected in human gastric mucosa suggesting expression of the inducible isoform. In 17 duodenal ulcer patients gastric antral and fundic nitric oxide synthase activity was found to be two and 1.5-fold respectively higher than its activity in the antrum and fundus of 14 normal subjects (p &lt; 0.05). H pylori was detected in the antrum of 15 of 17 duodenal ulcer patients and only in 7 of 14 of the control subjects. Antral nitric oxide synthase activity in H pylori positive duodenal ulcer patients was twofold higher than in H pylori positive normal subjects (p &lt; 0.05). In duodenal ulcer patients antral and fundic nitric oxide synthase activity resumed normal values after induction of ulcer healing with ranitidine. Eradication of H pylori did not further affect gastric nitric oxide synthase activity. These findings suggest that in duodenal ulcer patients stimulated gastric mucosal nitric oxide synthase activity, though independent of the H pylori state, may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Court rules that exemption from smoking ban for small Dutch cafes is "unlawful"
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An exception to the smoking ban in the Netherlands allowing people to light up in small cafes is unlawful, according to a landmark legal ruling by the appeal court in The Hague. The court ruled that, as a signatory to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the Dutch government must act to prevent smoking in all cafes.

Tobacco control experts have dubbed this the “final word” and argue that any delay would be a “disaster” for public health. Last year, in the wake of the relaxation of the ban, the smoking rate increased from 25% to 26%.

In 2011 …
Carcinoma of Cystic Duct Leading to Hydrops of Gallbladder
Authors: George T. Pack
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  The incidence, natural history, etiology, and treatment of carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary passages are sufficiently known and described as to require no repetition.  Localized cancers of the cystic bile duct, without metastases, are not commonly found in an operable stage. The present case report represents a most unusual instance of a small carcinoma of the cystic duct causing incomplete and intermittent obstruction with consequent enormous hydrops and associated with an asymptomatic, progressive course over a period of two years before surgical relief was sought and achieved.  Report of a Case:—  A 61-year-old man weighing 142 lb, applied for treatment because of the known presence of a large, ballotable cystic mass in the right hypochondrium. His previous health had been good except for coronary thrombosis six years earlier with consequent enlargement of the left ventricle and some evidence of congestive heart failure. He received digitalis daily. His
Abstract P2-06-05: Association of promoter methylation status of the FHIT gene and Fhit expression with HER2/neu status in breast cancer
Authors: YJ Jeong, JI Jang, MS Kim, JG Bong, SH Park, HK Oh
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Aberrant DNA methylation has been recognized to contribute to breast carcinogenesis, and promoter hypermethylation of many tumor suppressor genes has been correlated with decreased gene expression. The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene is a putative tumor suppressor gene in breast and other cancers, and loss of Fhit expression has been observed in breast cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between methylation of the FHIT gene and its expression in breast cancer, and to investigate whether methylation and expression of the FHIT gene would correlate with clinicopathological characteristics in relation to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. Methods: Pyrosequencing of bisulfite treated DNA was performed to study the methylation status of the FHIT gene in 60 breast cancer samples from Korean women obtained at Daegu Catholic University Hospital. We examined the expression of FHIT using tissue microarrays by immunohistochemical staining. Association between the methylation status of the FHIT gene and its expression was analyzed, and the relationship between the FHIT expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was evaluated. Results: FHIT methylation was detected in 96.7% and positive expression rate of Fhit was 87.3% of the patients. The mean methylation level of the FHIT gene was associated with intratumoral inflammation. Methylation level of the FHIT gene had no significant differences according to molecular subtypes. Loss of Fhit expression was associated with large tumor size, basal-like subtype and positive expression of EGFR. In HER2-negative breast cancers, loss of Fhit expression was significantly associated with tumor size, estrogen receptor status and Ki-67 proliferation index. There was no significant correlation between methylation of the FHIT gene and its expression in this study. Conslusion: Our study revealed that loss of Fhit expression in breast cancer is associated with poor prognostic features, although there is no significance association between the FHIT gene methylation and Fhit expression. We found that in HER2-negatvie breast cancers, loss of Fhit expression was associated with poor prognostic features. These results support the possibility of potential complementation between HER2 and the Fhit pathway. The clinical significance of our findings needs to be further evaluated in larger cohorts with longer follow-up. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-06-05.
S67 Wnt11 Inhibits TGFb-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in a 3-Dimensional Human Lung Tissue Model
Authors: D Bartis, VK D’Souza, Q Wang, JE Pongracz, DR Thickett
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3></h3> TGFβ1 has been implicated as a key effector in mediating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), my ofibroblastic transdifferentiation and fibroproliferation in the fibrotic diseases of the lung. ATII cells show high differentiational plasticity: either transdifferentiation into ATI or a myofibroblastic phenotype might occur during the disease course. Factors regulating alveolar epithelial differentiation and EMT have high importance in lung regeneration therapy. The support of mesenchymal cells likely contributes to the homeostasis and regeneration of pulmonary epithelium. To study these mesenchymal effects, we constructed a 3-dimensional (3D) human tissue model of primary human ATIIs and pulmonary fibroblasts to mimic epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the lung. ATII cells were obtained from lung cancer resection specimens from patients with normal lung function (n=10). ATII cells in the 3D model retain more differentiated epithelial phenotype compared to conventionally cultured cells (n=4). This is indicated by the higher expression levels of Aquaporin (AQP)3 (p=0.04) and AQP5 (p=0.19), Surfactant Protein (SP)-C (p=0.11) and E-cadherin. (p= 0.37) Cells cultured in 2D showed elevated markers of EMT over time whereas 3D cultured cells had significantly lower expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin (p&lt;0.01), α-Smooth Muscle Actin (αSMA, p&lt;0.01) and the transcription factor SLUG (p&lt;0.01). This suggests that our co-culture model is more relevant in modelling lung diseases in vitro than monolayer epithelial cultures. We found that externally added recombinant Wnt11 (administered at 1µg/ml) inhibits phenotypic changes induced by TGFβ1 in 3D ATII+fibroblast co-cultures (n=6). Lung epithelial differentiation markers AQP3 (p=0.19), AQP5 (p=0.04), and SP-C (p=0.12) showed elevated expression levels upon the addition of Wnt11 to TGFβ1-treated cell cultures. Moreover, 1µg/ml Wnt11 blocked the EMT-inducing effects of 10ng/ml TGFβ1 in terms of the expression levels of SLUG (p=0.01), Vimentin (p&lt;0.01) and αSMA (p=0.04). Our findings indicate that Wnt11 – which is naturally secreted by pulmonary cells - might contribute to the homeostasis and repair of epithelial cells. Our finding that the effects of TGFβ1 can be antagonised by Wnt11 may mark Wnt11 as a potential therapeutic target in fibrotic diseases of lung.
Clinical and Radiological Features of Urinary Infection in Childhood
Authors: J. M. Smellie, C. J. Hodson, D. Edwards, I. C. S. Normand
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Infection of the urinary tract is a common condition in childhood and one which is often overlooked. In a recent large survey significant bacteriuria was found in 1 % of a schoolgirl population, many of these children being symptomless (Kunin et al., 1962). De Luca et al. (1963) found an average delay in diagnosis of 18 months, and only 28% of Burke's (1961) series were referred with the correct diagnosis. In recent years we have become aware of typical pyelonephritic scarring in the excretory pyelograms of young children who have been investigated because of a urinary infec tion. The association with vesico-ureteric reflux in these cases (Hodson and Edwards, 1960) has also been impressive. At the same time the grave consequences of chronic pyelonephritis have attracted increasing attention, and chronic pyelonephritis is recognized as the commonest cause of hypertension and renal failure in young adults (Rosenheim, 1959). We therefore decided to study the clinical and radiological features of urinary infections in children in the hope that a better understanding of the natural history in this age-group might lead to improved management, the prevention of scarring, and a reduction in chronic pyelonephritis in later life.
Atenolol in essential hypertension during pregnancy.
Authors: L Butters, S Kennedy, P C Rubin
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the effect of atenolol on the outcome of pregnancy in women with essential hypertension. DESIGN--Prospective, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study. SETTING--Hospital clinic. PATIENTS--33 Women with mild essential hypertension (systolic blood pressure 140-170 mm Hg or diastolic pressure 90-110 mm Hg on two occasions at least 24 hours apart) consecutively referred to two obstetric medical clinics. Four patients in the placebo group were withdrawn from the study: control of blood pressure was inadequate in two, one developed breathlessness, and one changed her mind about participating. The mean gestation in the 29 remaining women on entry to the study was 15.9 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Blood pressure and birth weight. INTERVENTION--14 Women received placebo. 15 Women received atenolol 50 mg daily initially, increasing until either the blood pressure was less than 140/90 mm Hg or a dose of 200 micrograms daily was reached. RESULTS--The mean blood pressure on entry was 148/86 mm Hg in the group given atenolol and 144/86 mm Hg in the group given placebo. During treatment the mean diastolic pressure was significantly reduced by atenolol compared with placebo (to 74 v 81 mm Hg; difference in means (95% confidence interval) 7.0 (2.9 to 10.0) mm Hg) but the effect on systolic pressure was marginal (132 v 136 mm Hg; 4.0 (-1.4 to 8.6) mm Hg). Babies in the atenolol group had a significantly lower birth weight than those in the placebo group (2620 g v 3530 g; 910 (440 to 1380)g). CONCLUSION--Atenolol given from the end of the first trimester in patients with mild hypertension is associated with intrauterine growth retardation. When taken in conjunction with the results of a previous study in which methyldopa was given these findings indicate that benefit is unlikely to result from treating mild essential hypertension in pregnancy.
Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Triiodothyronine Supplementation in Children After Modified Fontan Procedure
Authors: Richard D. Mainwaring, Edmund Capparelli, Kenneth Schell, Mark Acosta, Jerald C. Nelson
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Triiodothyronine (T 3 ) supplementation may be a useful adjunct in the management of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass. Limited data are available regarding the use and pharmacokinetics of T 3 in children. The present study was performed to evaluate T 3 pharmacokinetics in a cohort of children undergoing the modified Fontan procedure. Methods and Results —A total of 28 patients were enrolled in this randomized, prospective study. The patients were divided into 4 groups: 1 group received a placebo and 3 groups received intravenous T 3 at dosages of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 μg/kg, respectively. All 28 patients survived their operative procedures. Two patients developed low cardiac output, and 3 patients had pleural effusions. The median length of hospital stay was 7 days. The mean free T 3 level was 316±67 pg/dL after then administration of a placebo. Patients who received T 3 had mean peak free T 3 levels of 972±88, 1351±299, and 1869±281 pg/dL for the dosages of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 μg/kg, respectively. The calculated half-life of T 3 was 7 hours. Conclusions —The half-life of intravenous T 3 in children is approximately one-third of that reported for adults. These results provide a framework for studying the efficacy of T 3 supplementation in children undergoing open-heart surgery.
Physician–Industry Relations. Part 1: Individual Physicians
Authors: Susan L. Coyle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

This is part 1 of a 2-part paper on ethics and physician-industry relationships. Part 1 offers advice to individual physicians; part 2 gives recommendations to medical education providers and medical professional societies. Physicians and industry have a shared interest in advancing medical knowledge. Nonetheless, the primary ethic of the physician is to promote the patient's best interests, while the primary ethic of industry is to promote profitability. Although partnerships between physicians and industry can result in impressive medical advances, they also create opportunities for bias and can result in unfavorable public perceptions. Many physicians and physicians-in-training think they are impervious to commercial influence. However, recent studies show that accepting industry hospitality and gifts, even drug samples, can compromise judgment about medical information and subsequent decisions about patient care. It is up to the physician to judge whether a gift is acceptable. A very general guideline is that it is ethical to accept modest gifts that advance medical practice. It is clearly unethical to accept gifts or services that obligate the physician to reciprocate. Conflicts of interest can arise from other financial ties between physicians and industry, whether to outside companies or self-owned businesses. Such ties include honorariums for speaking or writing about a company's product, payment for participating in clinic-based research, and referrals to medical resources. All of these relationships have the potential to influence a physician's attitudes and practices. This paper explores the ethical quandaries involved and offers guidelines for ethical business relationships.
Hypotensive Sequelae of Diazoxide and Hydralazine Therapy
Authors: William L. Henrich
Journal: JAMA (1977)

DIAZOXIDE (Hyperstat), a nondiuretic, benzothiadiazine vasodilator, has been shown to be a potent and rapidly effective hypotensive agent.1The promptness of the hypotensive effect of diazoxide and the infrequency of adverse reactions following injection has led to widespread use of this agent in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies.1  We have recently seen, in consultation, four patients in whom severe hypotension followed diazoxide therapy. In each case, another vasodilatory agent, hydralazine hydrochloride, had been administered in close sequence to diazoxide therapy. Additionally, two of the four patients had received potential catecholaminedepleting agents while they were outpatients.  The present communication serves to emphasize that combinations of diazoxide and other vasodilatory or catecholamine-depleting agents may result in extreme hypotension.  Report of Cases  Case 1.—  A 44-year old woman with a history of hypertension was admitted to the hospital with left chest pain and a blood pressure of 250/170 mm Hg. She
Response to Lamotte et al.
Authors: John Edelsberg, Derek Weycker, Gerry Oster
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

In the February 2002 issue of Diabetes Care , Lamotte et al. (1) present a provocative study of the cost-effectiveness of orlistat in obese type 2 diabetic patients. We suspect, however, that the authors have greatly overestimated the cost-effectiveness of this drug, due primarily to inappropriate parameter estimates.

First, the authors estimated the impact of reductions in HbA1c on the risks of macrovascular complications and death based on a finding from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)—a 40% decrease in the risk of complications for every 10% reduction in HbA1c (2,3). The DCCT, however, included only type 1 diabetic patients, and …