tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Obesity and Chronic Health Conditions Among Children and Youth
Authors: Jeanne Van Cleave
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Rates of obesity and other childhood chronic conditions have increased over recent decades. Patterns of how conditions change over time have not been widely examined.To evaluate change in prevalence of obesity and other chronic conditions in US children, including incidence, remission, and prevalence.Prospective study using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Child Cohort (1988-2006) of 3 nationally representative cohorts of children. Children were aged 2 through 8 years at the beginning of each study period, and cohorts were followed up for 6 years, from 1988 to 1994 (cohort 1, n = 2337), 1994 to 2000 (cohort 2, n = 1759), and 2000 to 2006 (n = 905).Parent report of a child having a health condition that limited activities or schooling or required medicine, special equipment, or specialized health services and that lasted at least 12 months. Obesity was defined as a body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age. Chronic conditions were grouped into 4 categories: obesity, asthma, other physical conditions, and behavior/learning problems.The end-study prevalence of any chronic health condition was 12.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.2%-14.5%) for cohort 1 in 1994, 25.1% (95% CI, 22.7%-27.6%) for cohort 2 in 2000, and 26.6% (95% CI, 23.5%-29.9%) for cohort 3 in 2006. There was substantial turnover in chronic conditions: 7.4% (95% CI, 6.5%-8.3%) of participants in all cohorts had a chronic condition at the beginning of the study that persisted to the end, 9.3% (95% CI, 8.3%-10.3%) reported conditions at the beginning that resolved within 6 years, and 13.4% (95% CI, 12.3%-14.6%) had new conditions that arose during the 6-year study period. The prevalence of having a chronic condition during any part of the 6-year study period was highest for cohort 3 (51.5%; 95% CI, 47.3%-55.0%), and there were higher rates among male (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07-1.42), Hispanic (AOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11-1.67), and black (AOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.35-1.90) youth.Prevalence of chronic conditions among children and youth increased from 1988 to 2006. However, presence of these conditions was dynamic over each 6-year cohort.
Efficacy of DNA amplification in tissue biopsy samples to improve the detection of invasive fungal disease
Authors: M.J. Buitrago, J.M. Aguado, A. Ballen, L. Bernal-Martinez, M. Prieto, A. Garcia-Reyne, J. Garcia-Rodriguez, J.L. Rodriguez-Tudela, M. Cuenca-Estrella
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Comparing a nasal high-flow therapy with single and double sided application (TNIoxy) on breathing and gas exchange at stable hypercapnic respiratory failure COPD
Authors: Nilius Georg, Domanski Ulrike, Franke Karl-Josef, Ruhle Karl-Heinz, Schneider Hartmut
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Nasal high-flow therapy is another option of respiratory support in sleep and ventilation medicine. But the precise pathophysiological effects (reduction of dead space ventilation, development of a PEEP) remain unknown, and the patient group, that may profit of such therapy, is not defined.

Question: Compared are respiratory frequency (RF) and gas exchange under nasal high flow therapy of 20l/min (applicated through one and both meatus of the nose) with the effect oxygen therapy (LOT) of 2 l/min at 21 patients with stable hypercapnia in a prospective randomised order for always 45 minutes while awake. A capillary blood gas analysis (BGA) was made after each phase, as well as a 15 minutes break.

Results: The mean RF/min was under LOT 19.4±4.0 and was reduced to 17.8±4.7 under double sided TNI application and 17.7±4.3 under single sided TNI application (difference between LOT and single sided: p=0.043).

BGA: After LOT the PO2 was 68.5±16.8 mmHg, TNI double: PO2 61.6±22.9 mmHg 3, TNI single PO2 59.0±145 mmHg (difference between LOT and TNI single: p=0.046)

Conclusion: In the course of 45 minutes at daytime the application of TNIoxy can reduce the RF and PCO2 in COPD GOLD IV patients with stable hypercapnia significantly compared to LOT. The different effects of single sided and double sided application let us presume a reduction of dead space ventilation.
Influence of photodynamic therapy in choroidal neovascularization on focal retinal function assessed with the multifocal electroretinogram and perimetry1 1The authors have no proprietary interests in any of the products mentioned in this article.
Authors: Anja M Palmowski, Reiner Allgayer, Bernhild Heinemann-Vernaleken, Klaus W Ruprecht
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)
1056. PhiC31 Integrase for Long-Term Non-Viral Gene Therapy in Rat Retina
Authors: Nobushige Tanaka, Stylianos Michalakis, Martin Biel, Franz Hofmann, Inder M. Verma
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

We have developed a lentiviral vector system that can transduce terminally differentiated retinal cells in vivo. Using this system, we designed experiments to evaluate the therapeutic potentials of gene therapy for retinal degenerations in the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel CNGA3-deficiet mice, an animal model for cone photoreceptor cell degeneration, and retinal degeneration slow (rds/rds) mice, an animal model for retinitis pigmentosa. Wild type human CNGA3 and mouse Peripherin cDNAs were transduced in cone and rod photoreceptor cell-specific manner by human red pigment gene and bovine rhodopsin gene promoters in CNGA3-deficient mice and rds/rds mice, respectively. Moreover the additional neuroprotective effects of human pigment epithelium-derived factor (hPEDF) driven by cytomegalovirus promoter were also assessed. In CNGA3-deficient mice, transduction of hCNGA3 and hPEDF reduced the speed of cone degeneration, although subacute thinning of outer nuclear layer (ONL) was observed in some samples. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that hCNGA3 reconstitution improved cone response and maximal response which is derived from rods and cones. These effects were prolonged by combinational transduction of hPEDF. In rds/rds mice, transduction of mPeripherin and hPEDF partially prevented thinning of ONL until eight months after the injection. Electrophysiologically we could detect improvement of rod response and maximal response, although the additional effects of hPEDF were not observed. We conclude that subretinal lentiviral vector delivery had significant rescue effects on these two retinal degeneration animal models.
The Estrogen Receptors α, β, and βcx
Authors: Abeer M. Shaaban, Valerie Speirs
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Esslimani-Sahla et al. ([1][1]) who report a progressive decrease of estrogen receptor (ER) β1 expression from normal breast to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with further increase from DCIS to invasive carcinoma. In contrast, expression of ERβ
Efficacy of the anti-insulin like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) antibody CP-751871 in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: D. D. Karp, L. G. Paz-Ares, L. J. Blakely, H. Kreisman, P. D. Eisenberg, R. B. Cohen, L. Garland, C. J. Langer, C. L. Melvin, A. Gualberto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7506 Background: CP-751871 is a fully human, IgG 2 monoclonal antibody against the IGF-IR active in preclinical models of NSCLC. Methods: We are conducting a phase II, randomized, non-comparative study in ten centers to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combination paclitaxel (T), carboplatin (C) and CP-751871 (I) versus TC alone in stage IIIB, IV or recurrent, treatment-naive NSCLC pts with performance status 0–1. The statistical hypotheses are 28% (null) versus 40% (response of interest). Pts are randomized (2:1) to T (200 mg/m 2 ), C (AUC of 6) and I (10 mg/kg), or TC alone every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles; pts receiving TCI with response (PR) or stable disease following discontinuation of chemotherapy are eligible to continue I as single agent until disease progression. Pts progressing on TC alone are eligible to receive I as single agent or in combination with TC at the judgment of the investigator. Responses are assessed by investigator using RECIST. Results: An interim analysis for futility has been conducted with 73 pts enrolled: 48 treated with TCI; 25 with TC. TCI was well tolerated. All causality grade 3,4 toxicity included (TCI, TC): hyperglycemia (20%, 10%), fatigue (15%, 8%), neutropenia (13%, 20%) and neuropathy (10%, 4%). 22/48 pts receiving TCI (46%) and 8/32 pts on TC (32%) had objective responses. Furthermore, 14 out of 27 TCI pts (52%) with non-adenocarcinoma responded to treatment. In addition, a PR was observed in 1 out of 4 TC pts who elected to receive single agent I after progression on TC alone. Conclusions: CP-751871 appears safe in combination with TC. Interim TCI activity warranted further investigation. An additional 83 pts will be enrolled to assess further the safety and efficacy of this combination treatment. [Table: see text]
Tumor indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibits CD19-CAR T cells and is downregulated by lymphodepleting drugs
Authors: Soranobu Ninomiya, Neeharika Narala, Leslie Huye, Shigeki Yagyu, Barbara Savoldo, Gianpietro Dotti, Helen E. Heslop, Malcolm K. Brenner, Cliona M. Rooney, Carlos A. Ramos
Journal: Blood (2015)
Trisomy of leukemic cell chromosomes 4 and 10 identifies children with B-progenitor cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a very low risk of treatment failure: a Pediatric Oncology Group study
Authors: MB Harris, JJ Shuster, A Carroll, AT Look, MJ Borowitz, WM Crist, R Nitschke, J Pullen, CP Steuber, VJ Land
Journal: Blood (1992)
Screening for Dementia in Primary Care: A Summary of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Malaz Boustani, Britt Peterson, Laura Hanson, Russell Harris, Kathleen N. Lohr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: Dementia is a large and growing problem but is often not diagnosed in its earlier stages. Screening and earlier treatment could reduce the burden of suffering of this syndrome. Purpose: To review the evidence of benefits and harms of screening for and earlier treatment of dementia. Data Sources: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, experts, and bibliographies of reviews. Study Selection: The authors developed eight key questions representing a logical chain between screening and improved health outcomes, along with eligibility criteria for admissible evidence for each question. Admissible evidence was obtained by searching the data sources. Data Extraction: Two reviewers abstracted relevant information using standardized abstraction forms and graded article quality according to U.S. Preventive Services Task Force criteria. Data Synthesis: No randomized, controlled trial of screening for dementia has been completed. Brief screening tools can detect some persons with early dementia (positive predictive value 50%). Six to 12 months of treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors modestly slows the decline of cognitive and global clinical change scores in some patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. Function is minimally affected, and fewer than 20% of patients stop taking cholinesterase inhibitors because of side effects. Only limited evidence indicates that any other pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic intervention slows decline in persons with early dementia. Although intensive multicomponent caregiver interventions may delay nursing home placement of patients who have caregivers, the relevance of this finding for persons who do not yet have caregivers is uncertain. Other potential benefits and harms of screening have not been studied. Conclusions: Screening tests can detect undiagnosed dementia. In persons with mild to moderate clinically detected Alzheimer disease, cholinesterase inhibitors are somewhat effective in slowing cognitive decline. The effect of cholinesterase inhibitors or other treatments on persons with dementia detected by screening is uncertain.
Abstract 3702: Serum Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Levels are Independently Associated with Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Toru Miyoshi, Atsushi Hirohata, Shinichi Usui, Keizo Yamamoto, Kazuyoshi Hina, Satoshi Hirohata, Shozo Kusachi, Yoshifumi Ninomiya, Kengo F Kusano
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background : Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) has been shown to play an important role in atherosclerosis in animal models. However, the clinical relevance of these findings is still unknown. We investigated the association between serum A-FABP level and coronary atherosclerosis. Methods : 221 patients with stable angina were enrolled after coronary angiography. The plaque volume in the non-culprit vessel (without angiographically documented coronary stenosis [&lt;50%]) was determined with intravascular ultrasound, when these patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. The serum A-FABP and adiponection levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Serum A-FABP levels and adiponectin levels in patients with coronary artery disease were correlated with percent plaque volume (r=0.414, p=0.001, and r=−0.328, p=0.01, respectively). Other proinflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and high sensitive C-reactive protein were not associated with percent plaque volume. Serum A-FABP levels were correlated with serum adiponectin levels (r=−0.318, p=0.002) and tended to be correlated with body mass index (r=−0.218, p=0.08), but not with other inflammatory markers. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that serum A-FABP level was selected as a factor associated with coronary percent plaque volume (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: A-FABP is independently associated with coronary atheromatous plaque burden. Our results have provided clinical evidence supporting the role of A-FABP in coronary atherosclerosis.
703. Efficient In Vivo Gene Marking of Hematopoietic Cells without Marrow Conditioning in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Kyouji Ueda, Yasuji Ueda, Yutaka Hanazonno, Hiroaki Shibata, Naohide Ageyama, Takeyuki Nagashima, Toshiaki Tabata, Akihiro Kume, Susumu Ikehara, Keiji Terao, Keiya Ozawa, Mamoru Hasegawa
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The successful hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy requires efficient transduction and engraftment of HSCs. However, the HSC transduction remains inefficient in spite of many improved vector systems, and the engraftment is minimal unless toxic marrow conditioning is conducted. To try to overcome these problems all together, we have accomplished two technological innovations. One is a novel transplantation method, bone marrow replacement (BMR), which would enable the engraftment of transplanted cells in bone marrow without marrow conditioning. The other is in vivo expansion of gene-modified cells after transplantation by the selective amplifier gene (SAG). In this study, we have examined the efficacy and safety of the combination of the two methods in nonhuman primates.
Increased number of Clostridium difficile infections and prevalence of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 001 in southern Germany
Authors: S Borgmann, M Kist, T Jakobiak, M Reil, E Scholz, C von Eichel-Streiber, H Gruber, J  S Brazier, B Schulte
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

In recent years, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has emerged as an increasing problem, both in in- and outpatients. In a rural region of southern Germany, the annual number of C. difficile toxin (Tcd)-positive patients has increased from 95 to 796 in the period from 2000 to 2007. Simultaneously, the proportion of positive tests among all Tcd examinations has risen from 7.0% to 12.8%, indicating that the higher number of affected patients was not solely due to an increase in the number of assays. Elevated numbers of CDI have recently been associated with outbreaks of the ribotype 027 strain, particularly in North America. This strain has also been isolated in Europe, including in Germany. Ribotyping and PCR testing for binary toxin genes of C. difficile strains isolated from in- and outpatients demonstrate a predominance (59%) of C. difficile ribotype 001, which exhibits antibiotic resistance to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, but lacks binary toxin genes. In summary, in our region of Germany, the number of patients affected by CDI has increased, probably due to spread of C. difficile ribotype 001.
Effect of Foster Nursing on Morphology of Lymphatic Tissue of Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S. Albert, Eileen Podolak
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

A quantitative morphological examination of the thymus, spleen, and left axillary lymph node of 6½- to 7½-week-old female mice of the high-leukemic PL/Sp and AKR/Sp and the low-tumor C57BL/Sp strains was carried out. Strain differences were noted in all the lymphatic tissues studied. Morphologically the spleens, but not the thymuses or lymph nodes, of PL/Sp and AKR/Sp mice were quite similar to one another and differed markedly from those of C57BL/Sp mice. The differences were interpreted to indicate that lymphopoiesis directly from reticulum cells occurred more frequently in spleens of PL/Sp and AKR/Sp mice than in spleens from C57BL/Sp mice. Lymphopoiesis from lymphatic elements, as judged by mitotic activity, was most pronounced in the thymuses of all mice studied. Foster nursing affected the morphology and the mitotic activity of all lymphatic tissues. Although a maternal influence exerted during the nursing period may have accounted for some of the strain differences in the lymph nodes, it could not be demonstrated as a factor causing differences in the spleen.
Phase I clinical trial of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and fractionated stereotactic radiation for recurrent malignant glioma
Authors: Iris Gibbs, Celine Marquez, Susan Knox, Lawrence Recht, Laurie Tupper, Griffith Harsh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

C21    Purpose:  Based on preclinical studies showing the radioenhancement of ATO in human malignant glioma, a phase I dose escalation trial was conducted in patients with recurrent malignant glioma.   Patients and Methods:  This phase I trial was performed at Stanford University in Stanford, California. 12 patients with 15 index lesions were enrolled between the years of 2004 and 2007. Dose escalations occurred according to protocol. Three patients were female, nine were male, with a mean age of 54 (range, 34-75). Nine patients presented with grade IV disease and three presented with grade III disease. All patients had KPS greater than or equal to 60. All patients were post radiation therapy as a part of their primary treatment and had not received chemotherapy in the three weeks prior to enrollment. All patients received ATO infusion daily with radiation. Patients were treated at one of four ATO dose levels (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 mg/kg/dose). ATO was delivered intravenously over 120 minutes within 2 hours of stereotactic radiation on 3 consecutive days to total radiation doses of 22 - 27 Gy. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic adverse events, QT prolongation >500msec or >450 msec if associated with ventricular arrhythmias, or persistent grade 4 hematologic toxicity. During the treatment phase, patients were monitored for hemodynamic changes, electrolyte abnormalities, and EKG abnormalities. The patients were clinically and radiographically followed by a multidisciplinary team on a 1-3 monthly basis.  Follow up ranged from every 1 to 3 months. Two of twelve patients were alive at last follow up.   Results:  In this phase I study we report data which demonstrates very low toxicity for ATO doses as high as 0.25mg/kg/dose with concurrent stereotactic radiosurgery. Furthermore, a max cumulative dose of 1.70mg/kg could be achieved without significant toxicity. None of assessable study patients experienced a significant grade 3+ dose limiting toxicity. To date three patients completed dose level 4 (0.25mg/kg/dose) with no significant 3+ DLTs.   Conclusion:  ATO up to 0.25 mg/kg dose combined with stereotactic radiation is very well-tolerated for recurrent malignant glioma. Given the positive initial response and tolerability, phase II trials in patients with Malignant glioma are encouraged.
Measuring the Effects of Treatment With Antipsychotics—Reply
Authors: Bret R. Rutherford, Melanie M. Wall, Steven P. Roose
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

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Abstract 16923: The Impact of the Publication of Cardiovascular Safety Signals on the Prescribing of Varenicline: an Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Kristian B Filion, Maria Eberg, Laurent Azoulay
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Concerns regarding the cardiovascular safety of varenicline, a smoking cessation drug, arose following the publication of a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in July 2011. The impact of this safety signal on the prescribing patterns of varenicline remains unknown.   Hypothesis:  Our hypothesis was that the reported increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events resulted in a decreased prescription rate of varenicline.   Methods:  This study was conducted using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a large primary care database from the United Kingdom (UK). An interrupted time-series analysis using segmented auto-regression was conducted to compare varenicline prescribing patterns in the pre-publication (January 2007-June 2011) and post-publication (July 2011-December 2012) study periods. The fitted model was used to estimate the predicted rate that would have been observed in the post-publication period in the absence of the published safety signal.   Results:  In the pre-publication period, the estimated prescription rate of varenicline increased by 27.4 (95% CI = 17.0, 37.7) prescriptions per month per 100,000 person-years (PYs), resulting in a rate of 2,464 prescriptions per 100,000 PYs in June 2011. The safety signal resulted in an estimated drop in the prescription rate of 513.4 (95% CI = -1020.9, -5.9) prescriptions per 100,000 PYs, representing a 21% decrease in the estimated prescription rate (R 2  = 0.82). In the post-publication period, there was a change in direction in the trend, with the prescription rate decreasing by 42.4 prescriptions per month per 100,000 PYs (95% CI = -92.9, 8.1) during this period. The differences between the observed and predicted rates are shown in the Figure.   Conclusions:  The publication of the meta-analysis suggesting an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events associated with its use resulted in a significant decrease in the prescription rate of varenicline in the UK.