tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
William Thomas Lesslie
Authors: Janet Lesslie
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Founder epidemiologist of the Framingham heart studyIn 1945 the Western world emerged from the second world war, only to be confronted by an epidemic of heart disease.The US government responded by setting up a study to identify the causes and to diagnose and treat early disease, though the latter aim was dropped as there was no treatment available.The town of Framingham in Massachusetts was chosen as the site for this study because it had a stable population of 28 000 and was close to Harvard University.The Framingham study, as it was known, became world famous."Along with Ancel Keys's seven country study, this was the work on which all other epidemiology of heart disease stands.There isn't a study that doesn't owe its origin to Framingham,"
The US Department of State is policing the population policy lockstep
Authors: M. King
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Why do demographers and United Nations agencies avoid dealing with the problems of “demographic entrapment” now that it involves two continents? Initially, I assumed this was reluctance to address the issue of one child families. It now seems that the most important factor is the active interest of the US Department of State in keeping the dialogue closed—the policing of the population policy lockstep. Presumably this is because if the South is to restrict its population growth, the North, especially the United States, should restrict its resource consumption.

To police the lockstep is to actively hinder the resolution of all the problems in which population plays a major part. This is described as “overpowering evil,” and the individual is largely forgiven, because the evil is mostly in the system. There must now be a UN programme for a one child world, since if any community is to have one child families, all should. This has to be the major theme of the next population conference in 2004. Massive discussion (“benign uproar”) is now needed, accompanied by a progressive change from the “first wisdom” to the “second wisdom.”1

This paper is a sequel to one in which I had a socratic dialogue on Earth's population with Lady M from Mars.2 There we discussed the hardinian taboo, named after the American ecologist Garett Hardin, who described the taboos which humans use to avoid confronting the need for population control. “Overpowering evil,” which this paper confronts, is best dealt with lightly, since “human kind cannot bear too much reality.”3 Besides, evil is said to be soluble in laughter.4 This paper is further elaborated on the web (www.leeds.ac.uk/demographic-disentrapment).

#### Summary points

A tight taboo prevents demographers and United Nations agencies from confronting demographic entrapment

Defections from this taboo are apt to be …
Assessment of respiratory limitation in activities of daily life among retired workers.
Authors: S M Kennedy, A Desjardins, A Kassam, M Ricketts, M Chan-Yeung
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Epidemiologic studies of occupational lung diseases generally compare symptoms and pulmonary function between groups with differing exposure risks. However, the functional consequences (e.g., on activities of daily life) of statistically significant group differences in either symptoms or pulmonary function are rarely addressed. An understanding of this is important for both the scientific investigators and users of these public health investigations. To address this issue, we developed a 15-item questionnaire to assess breathing-related limitations in activities of daily life, and applied this in a study of 112 retired workers. For each subject, we calculated a limitation score as the number of items associated with breathing difficulty divided by the total number of applicable items. Results from this questionnaire were compared to respiratory symptoms, the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), lung function test results, 6-min walking distance, and participants' assessment of breathing effort after the walk. The limitation score was significantly higher in subjects reporting dyspnea (22% versus 4%, p < 0.01) or occasional wheeze (27% versus 6%, p < 0.01), and correlated negatively with FEV1, MMEF, and FEV1/FVC (R2 = -0.47, -0.36, and -0.45, respectively, p < 0.0001) and breathing effort after the 6-min walk (R2 = 0.31, p < 0.01). Breathing related limitation in daily activities was also associated with a general health related limitation in household maintenance and ambulation in the SIP (p < 0.01). For each questionnaire item, we compared the responses among subjects with a normal FEV1 to those of subjects with an abnormal FEV1 (below the lower 95% confidence limit).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Agranulocytosis caused by spironolactone.
Authors: B H Stricker, T T Oei
Journal: BMJ (1984)

resembling those of gonococcaemia.'There have also been reports from the United States of a child with leukaemia who had bacteraemia, arthritis, and skin lesions due to K kingae3 and another child with moraxella endocarditis.4The organism may enter the bloodstream from the respiratory tract.5 Kingella, Moraxella, and Neisseria genera all belong to the Neisseriaceae family, and all can cause disseminated infection with similar clinical manifestations.We thank Miss J Midgley of the microbiology department at this hospital
Chloramine-induced pneumonitis from mixing household cleaning agents.
Authors: M Gapany-Gapanavicius, M Molho, M Tirosh
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Female fertility is the capacity to produce oocytes and achieve fertilization and pregnancy, and these outcomes are impaired by age, diseases, environment and social pressure. However, there is no effective therapy that preserves female reproductive ability. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can exhibit multidirectional differentiation potential, and they have gained great attention as a tool for preserving female fertility. Therefore, this study uses human umbilical cords-MSCs (Huc-MSCs) to preserve and restore fertility in aging female mice and chemotherapy-damaged mice through the rescue of ovarian function and the reconstruction of the fallopian tubes and uterus. In our study, 2 mouse models were generated: aging mice (37 weeks old) and chemotherapy-damaged mice. Then, we injected Huc-MSCs into mice through the tail vein. After treatment, the effect of MSCs on the ovary, fallopian tubes and uterus was evaluated by analyzing gonadal hormone levels and by performing morphological analysis and statistical analysis. The levels of E2 and FSH exhibited a significant recovery after HUC-MSC transplantation both in aging mice and mice treated with chemotherapy. Huc-MSC treatment also increased the numbers of primordial, developing and preovulatory follicles in the ovaries of mice. Meanwhile, MSCs have been shown to rescue the morphology of the fallopian tubes and uterus through mechanisms such as regenerating the cilia in fallopian tubes and reforming glands and chorionic villi in the uterus. Therefore, it is suggested that Huc-MSCs may represent an effective potential treatment for preserving female fertility through recovery from chemotherapy damage and rescuing female reproductive organs from the effects of aging.
Sacrament of the Sick
Authors: Gary Schroeder
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P4-01-14: Fulvestrant Regulates Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Ligands and Induces EGF Receptor Activation in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.
Authors: X Zhang, MR Diaz, D Yee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) 4 Hydroxy Tamoxifen (4-HT) and fulvestrant (fulv) inhibit estrogen receptor a (ER) positive breast cancer growth. We have observed that treatment (24 to 48 hours) of fulv in MCF-7 cells induced a 190kDa tyrosine phosphorylated band, which was blocked by EGFR and HER-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotinib and lapatinib. Immunoprecipitation showed EGFR, HER-2, and HER-3 were all phosphorylated after fulv treatment. 4-HT and estradiol did not cause this phosphorylation. No changes in receptor level after fulv treatment were noted. Downstream MAPK signaling was also blocked by erlotinib and lapatinib. Fulv induced activation of EGFR was ER dependent, since fulv treatment in C4-12, an ER negative cell line derived from MCF-7 cells, did not induce EGFR activation. Co-treatment with estradiol and fulv prevented EGFR activation. To explore the possibility that fulv enhanced ligand expression, we collected conditioned media (CM) from MCF-7 cells after 48 hours of treatment. pEGFR was lost when CM was removed, but recurred within 30 minutes. Cycloheximide abolished the ability of fulv to activate EGFR suggesting autorcine production of EGFR ligands was induced by fulv. To detect specific EGFR ligands, we used qPCR to measure various EGFR ligand mRNA levels in MCF-7 and C4-12 cell at 1, 4, 24 and 48 hours after fulv treatment. TGF-α and HB-EGF mRNAs were upregulated over 48 hours, which correlated well with pEGFR activation. 4-HT did not affect mRNA levels of these ligands. In contrast, amphiregulin (AREG) mRNA levels were substantially reduced 48 hours after fulv treatment. A similar trend was seen for AREG mRNA levels in 4HT treated cells but to a much lesser extent. There was no change in any EGFR ligand mRNA levels in ER negative C4-12 cells. These qPCR data suggested differential regulation of EGFR ligands by fulv treatment contributed to EGFR family member activation and was dependent on ER expression. Upon fulv treatment, levels of ER were diminished with decreased detection of S167 and S118 ER phosphorylation sites. Monolayer cell growth analysis showed that while fulv treatment in SFM reduced MCF-7 cell numbers compared to control treatment, erlotinib plus fulv significantly reduced cell numbers below the level of cells maintained in fulv alone. In conclusion, we show that fulv, but not E2 or 4-HT, activates EGFR family members accompanied by upregulation of ligands. Since SERM resistance has been associated with EGFR family member activation, differential control of EGFR ligand gene expression by ER may contribute to the development of fulvestrant resistance in breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-14.
Listen to the voices
Authors: F. Nenner
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Education and debate p 352 

The nurses and doctors were of different minds about what they were seeing and what was to be done. Now it is over. It was not easy for any of us. It was hardest for the people who provided the direct care. Fifteen nurses and nursing aides have asked to talk with us, the members of the ethics committee: the doctor, pastor, social worker, the nurse. They ask how we could have let this happen.

> The nurses provided the care. Now they felt that they were starving this man 

By now we all know the story. An 84 year old man, a professional, a bachelor, self-contained, orderly, and self-assured, had used the 20 years of his retirement to see the things that we can only dream of seeing and had lived a life of health and vitality until the accident. With cane in hand he was taking his dog for a walk. The street was wet from morning rain. The dog pulled on the leash and the man tumbled too quickly to brace the fall with an arm …
624 THE CTLA4 +49 A&gt;G POLYMORPHISM AFFECTS RESPONSE TO HEPATITIS C VIRUS-SPECIFIC THERAPY IN HIV+ PATIENTS WITH ACUTE HEPATITIS C
Authors: B. Krämer, M. Vogel, M. Michalk, D. Schulte, C. Körner, M. Coenen, J. Rockstroh, T. Sauerbruch, U. Spengler, J. Nattermann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Detection of Intimal Defect by 64-Row Multidetector Computed Tomography in Patients With Acute Aortic Intramural Hematoma
Authors: Takeshi Kitai, Shuichiro Kaji, Atsushi Yamamuro, Tomoko Tani, Makoto Kinoshita, Natsuhiko Ehara, Atsushi Kobori, Kitae Kim, Toru Kita, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Previous pathological and clinical studies demonstrated an intimal defect in patients with acute aortic intramural hematoma (IMH). The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical outcome of intimal defect detected by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in patients with IMH.We retrospectively analyzed 38 consecutive patients with IMH in whom 64-row MDCT was performed during the acute phase (median, 5 days from the onset). Intimal defect was defined as continuity disruption of the inner layer of thrombosed false lumen, which could be detected by 1-mm axial and longitudinal interactive multiplanar reformation images. Clinical outcome of intimal defect was assessed in patients with type B IMH (n=32). A total of 48 lesions in 27 (71%) patients were recognized as intimal defects. The incidence of intimal defect was not affected by the timing of MDCT examination (1 to 3 days, 79%; 4 to 7 days, 58%; 8 to 14 days, 75%; P=0.56). In type B IMH, 16 (76%) of 21 patients with intimal defect showed progression (enlargement or progression to aortic aneurysm) in the chronic phase. In contrast, all 11 patients without intimal defect had complete resorption of hematoma. In lesion-based analysis, a depth of intimal defect of ≥ 5 mm predicted progression with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 84%, 95%, 94%, and 86%, respectively.A considerable portion of patients with IMH showed intimal defect detected by MDCT even in the very early stage, and defects frequently enlarged. Patients with intimal defect should be carefully followed up with serial imaging.
Occupational cancer in central European countries.
Authors: E Fabiánová, N Szeszenia-Dabrowska, K Kjaerheim, P Boffetta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The countries of central Europe, including Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria, suffer from environmental and occupational health problems created during the political system in place until the late 1980s. This situation is reflected by data on workplace exposure to hazardous agents. Such data have been systematically collected in Skovakia and the Czech Republic since 1977. The data presented describe mainly the situation in the early 1990s. The number of workers exposed to risk factors at the workplace represent about 10% of the working population in Slovakia and 30% in Poland. In Slovakia in 1992 the percentage of persons exposed to chemical substances was 16.4%, to ionizing radiation 4.3%, and to carcinogens 3.3% of all workers exposed to risk factors. The total number of persons exposed to substances proven to be carcinogens in Poland was 1.3% of the employees; 2.2% were exposed to the suspected carcinogens. The incidence of all certified occupational diseases in the Slovak Republic was 53 per 100,000 insured employees in 1992. Cancers certified as occupational cancers are skin cancer caused by occupational exposure to carcinogens, lung cancer caused by ionizing radiation, and asbestosis together with lung cancer. Specific information on occupational cancers from Romania and Bulgaria was not available for this paper. It is difficult to predict a trend for future incidences of occupational cancer. Improved control technology, governmental regulatory activity to reduce exposure, surveillance of diseases and risk factors, and vigilant use of preventive measures should, however, ultimately reduce occupational cancer.
Leucocyte migration inhibition in diphtheria toxoid hypersensitivity
Authors: M. F. Saxby, M. R. Salaman, I. L. Sargent
Journal: Allergy (1987)

A donor who was highly reactive to diphtheria toxoid (DT) in delayed hypersensitivity and in lymphocyte transformation showed scant evidence of antigen‐induced inhibition in the direct leucocyte migration agarose test. Other donors, weak or negative to DT in skin test and transformation, did show evidence of inhibition. Although the migration test is useful in assessing cellular reactivity to tubercular antigen, these results question its suitability for DT.
<i>Diabetes Care</i>: Building on Strength
Authors: Vivian Fonseca
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

I am deeply honored to be taking on the role of editor-in-chief of Diabetes Care . The journal has gone from strength to strength in the last few years, and retaining this momentum toward a higher level will, of course, be a challenge. First, we must acknowledge and thank outgoing editor-in-chief, Mayer B. Davidson, MD, and his team of associate editors and editorial board members for their leadership in making the journal such a tremendous success. In particular, Mayer has steadfastly kept the journal on the right track, leading to it becoming the premier clinical journal addressing the worldwide epidemic of diabetes and its complications. I am particularly grateful for Mayer’s guidance during my previous term as an associate editor and for his outstanding mentorship that prompted me to step into his shoes.

Diabetes Care has grown consistently since its inception in 1978 and has undergone spectacular growth in the last 5 years. This statement is easily supported by statistics comparing the year 2001 with 2005, which were the last available statistics at the time of this writing. The impact factor (a reflection of how often an average article is cited in future publications) grew from 4.9 to 7.8; based on that, Diabetes Care could be ranked 4th out of 89 journals in the fields of endocrinology and metabolism and 10th out of 107 journals in general/internal medicine. Not surprisingly, such success has borne challenges. The number of new submissions grew from 1,157 in 2001 to 2,572 in 2005. To stay within the allocated “page budget,” our acceptance rate has fallen from 40 to 23%.

Obtaining reviewers for the increasing number of submissions has also become a significant challenge. Because of this, a pre-evaluation and priority ranking is made by the editorial committee to determine if a manuscript should be …
THE TREATMENT OF CYSTOCELE
Authors: J. CRAIG NEEL
Journal: JAMA (1922)

I would feel some hesitancy in bringing before you a subject so generally discussed were it not for the great difference of opinion that exists regarding the treatment of this condition. A review of the literature shows almost innumerable methods, ranging from the fumigations and hot applications of the ancients, to the more elaborate plastic operations of the present. The object in presenting this paper to you is to emphasize the importance of the pelvic fascia as a supporting structure of the pelvic viscera, and in the reconstruction of the vaginal outlet. Although textbooks of anatomy give us elaborate descriptions of the pelvic fascia, we have been very slow in recognizing its true function. In all forms of uterine displacements, our attention has been directed to the various uterine ligaments to which we have attributed the function of suspension, and have overlooked the endopelvic fascia which is the true supporting
Calcified Coronary Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Richard Ellis
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Calcified coronary aneurysm associated with marked abdominal aortic calcification and stenosis of the left renal artery occurred in a young Filipino woman. Conventional roentgenograms of the chest adequately demonstrated the coronary artery aneurysm. Takayasu's arteriopathy is suggested as a possible etiologic factor.
Severe Hypoglycemia From Clarithromycin-Sulfonylurea Drug Interaction
Authors: Robert Bussing, Amy Gende
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

We report two cases of severe hypoglycemia occurring in elderly men with type 2 diabetes who were prescribed clarithromycin for respiratory infections. Both individuals had well-controlled diabetes and mild to moderately impaired renal function. Both individuals were prescribed clarithromycin in identical dosages and both developed severe hypoglycemia within 48 h of starting the antibiotic. Although many drugs have been reported to interact with sulfonylureas causing hypoglycemia, the interaction between clarithromycin and a sulfonylurea has not been previously reported. We discuss the suspected mechanism for this potentially severe reaction which is of concern in the treatment of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

An 82-year-old white male with a 4-month history of type 2 diabetes was treated with diet and glyburide 5 mg daily. His blood glucose readings were in the low 100s (mg/dl). His comorbidities included atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, mild chronic renal failure with a creatinine of 1.6 mg/dl, emphysema, and bladder cancer. In a local emergency department (ED), he was diagnosed with “bronchitis” and prescribed clarithromycin, 1,000 mg daily. He became unresponsive with an Accucheck reading of 24 mg/dl, 48 h after starting clarithromycin. Administration of intravenous …
THE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF GONORRHEA AND ALL INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE URETHRA
Authors: S. T. RUCKER
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Neisser declares gonorrhea to be the most prevalent contagious disease, except measles, in all Europe, and that more than three-fourths of the urban population have had the disease. I believe reliable statistics would show the same condition to exist in America. So widespread is this disease that few practitioners are ever without one or more cases. The consequences and sequelæ of gonorrhea are so often hurtful and its treatment by the profession generally has been so uncertain and unsatisfactory that it really is to be considered a woeful disease. The injection treatment, perhaps the most universally used, and, by the way, the most abused, can never be depended on to yield definite results. The irrigation treatment, now popular with a large number of physicians, is so often disappointing that it is scarcely more commendable than the injection treatment. Internal medication is not to be considered a treatment<i>per se</i>, and