tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sub-optimal gluten free diet adherence in coeliac disease: reinforcing the link between gut inflammation and irritable bowel syndrome?
Authors: S. M. Barratt, A. Arnaout, K. E. Evans, J. S. Leeds, D. S. Sanders
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Symptoms consistent with the ROME Criteria for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) have been reported in patients with Coeliac Disease. Treatment for Coeliac Disease is a Gluten-Free Diet (GFD), which aims to dampen inflammation, restore small bowel architecture and reduce symptoms. We questioned whether patients with less than, or no adherence to a GFD – and therefore, we assumed, active gut inflammation – were more likely to report IBS type symptoms than patients with full adherence. We also recorded the prevalence of reflux symptoms to determine whether small bowel inflammation is specifically associated with IBS or symptoms of wider gut dysmotility. <h3>Methods</h3> 224 histologically proven Coeliac Disease patients (5% 18–25 years, 4% 26–35 years, 18% 36–45 years, 19% 46–55 years, 26% 56–65 years, 28% &gt;66 years) of which 26% were male. Mean disease duration 8 years, range 0.5–52 years. The ROME II Criteria for IBS symptoms, a reflux symptom questionnaire and an assessment of GFD adherence were completed. Reflux questionnaire included the type (heartburn, belching, regurgitation, retrosternal pain, dysphagia) and severity (mild, moderate, severe) of symptoms. Full GFD adherence (FA) was described as following a GFD for everyday of the previous twenty-eight with no dietary transgressions. Partial/no GFD adherence (PNA) was any level of GFD adherence below FA. <h3>Results</h3> Age and sex were not confounding factors. 158 patients (71%) reported FA versus 66 (29%) who were PNA. The ROME II Criteria was fulfilled by 52 (23%) of Coeliac Disease patients. 11% of FA patients fulfilled the criteria versus 52% of PNA patients. The Relative Risk of IBS in PNA patients in comparison to FA patients was 1.828 (95% CI 1.41 to 2.36, p≤0.0001). Reflux symptoms were reported by 147 (66%) of Coeliac Disease patients. 62% of FA patients reported reflux versus 74% of PNA patients (p≥0.05). Comparison of reflux severity: Mild: FA 28%, PNA 29% (p≥0.05); Moderate: FA 25%, PNA 23% (p≥0.05); Severe: FA 9%, PNA 13% (p≥0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have observed that the prevalence of ROME II consistent IBS is almost five times greater in patients with sub-optimal GFD adherence in comparison to consistently adherent patients (52% versus 11%). We found little difference in either the prevalence or severity of reflux between these patient groups which may oppose an association of poor adherence and widespread gut dysmotility. While symptomatic responses to dietary gluten may be consistent with the ROME II Criteria, our findings suggest the development of IBS may be attributed to gut inflammation. This finding would have implications in our management of IBS in Coeliac Disease and other chronic inflammatory GI disorders and promote a view of IBS as inflammatory and not functional.
Inactivation of sodium channels underlies reversible neuropathy during critical illness in rats
Authors: Kevin R. Novak, Paul Nardelli, Tim C. Cope, Gregory Filatov, Jonathan D. Glass, Jaffar Khan, Mark M. Rich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Neuropathy and myopathy can cause weakness during critical illness. To determine whether reduced excitability of peripheral nerves, rather than degeneration, is the mechanism underlying acute neuropathy in critically ill patients, we prospectively followed patients during the acute phase of critical illness and early recovery and assessed nerve conduction. During the period of early recovery from critical illness, patients recovered from neuropathy within days. This rapidly reversible neuropathy has not to our knowledge been previously described in critically ill patients and may be a novel type of neuropathy. In vivo intracellular recordings from dorsal root axons in septic rats revealed reduced action potential amplitude, demonstrating that reduced excitability of nerve was the mechanism underlying neuropathy. When action potentials were triggered by hyperpolarizing pulses, their amplitudes largely recovered, indicating that inactivation of sodium channels was an important contributor to reduced excitability. There was no depolarization of axon resting potential in septic rats, which ruled out a contribution of resting potential to the increased inactivation of sodium channels. Our data suggest that a hyperpolarized shift in the voltage dependence of sodium channel inactivation causes increased sodium inactivation and reduced excitability. Acquired sodium channelopathy may be the mechanism underlying acute neuropathy in critically ill patients.
False Diagnosis of Maple Syrup Urine Disease Owing to Ingestion of Herbal Tea
Authors: Adrian C. Sewell, Armin Mosandl, Hansjosef Böhles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Maple syrup urine disease is an inborn error of the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids named after the characteristic sweet aroma, reminiscent of maple syrup, present in the bo...
From immunosuppression to tolerance
Authors: David H. Adams, Alberto Sanchez-Fueyo, Didier Samuel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)

The past three decades have seen liver transplantation becoming a major therapeutic approach in the management of end-stage liver diseases. This is due to the dramatic improvement in survival after liver transplantation as a consequence of the improvement of surgical and anaesthetic techniques, of post-transplant medico-surgical management and of prevention of disease recurrence and other post-transplant complications. Improved use of post-transplant immunosuppression to prevent acute and chronic rejection is a major factor in these improved results. The liver has been shown to be more tolerogenic than other organs, and matching of donor and recipients is mainly limited to ABO blood group compatibility. However, long-term immunosuppression is required to avoid severe acute and chronic rejection and graft loss. With the current immunosuppression protocols, the risk of acute rejection requiring additional therapy is 10-40% and the risk of chronic rejection is below 5%. However, the development of histological lesions in the graft in long-term survivors suggest atypical forms of graft rejection may develop as a consequence of under-immunosuppression. The backbone of immunosuppression remains calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) mostly in association with steroids in the short-term and mycophenolate mofetil or mTOR inhibitors (everolimus). The occurrence of post-transplant complications related to the immunosuppressive therapy has led to the development of new protocols aimed at protecting renal function and preventing the development of de novo cancer and of dysmetabolic syndrome. However, there is no new class of immunosuppressive drugs in the pipeline able to replace current protocols in the near future. The aim of a full immune tolerance of the graft is rarely achieved since only 20% of selected patients can be weaned successfully off immunosuppression. In the future, immunosuppression will probably be more case oriented aiming to protect the graft from rejection and at reducing the risk of disease recurrence and complications related to immunosuppressive therapy. Such approaches will include strategies aiming to promote stable long-term immunological tolerance of the liver graft.
SO-CALLED BIOLOGICAL TESTS FOR ADRENALIN IN BLOOD, WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON ARTERIAL HYPERTONUS
Authors: G. N. Stewart
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

1. The combination of a biological test object on which adrenalin causes contraction of smooth muscle (perfused blood-vessels or the uterus in certain conditions) with a biological test object on which it produces inhibition of contraction of smooth muscle (intestine) greatly diminishes the chance of error in testing blood (or other body liquids) for adrenalin. A control experiment with adrenalin solutions should, in general, accompany each observation on the blood. 2. When properly chosen biological tests are employed, no evidence is obtained of the presence of adrenalin in detectable amount in normal blood taken from the general circulation. 3. In a case of nephritis with albuminuria and persistently high arterial pressure, the pressure was diminished by forced breathing. The washing out of carbon dioxide seemed to be a factor in this diminution as well as the mechanical interference with the circulation. In this case, the administration of large doses of sodium bicarbonate was associated with a marked diminution in the blood pressure. 4. In another case with persistently high blood pressure, the drawing off of cerebrospinal fluid caused a distinct diminution in the arterial pressure, presumably by lowering the intracranial pressure. No pressor substance was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Abstract 1380: Genome-wide fingerprinting of regulatory chromatin to evaluate the tissue specific origins of high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Howard C. Shen, Simon Coetzee, Dennis J. Hazelett, Gerhard A. Coetzee, Houtan Noushmehr, Simon A. Gayther
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The normal precursor tissue origins of high grade serous epithelial ovarian cancers (HSOC) are likely to be the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) and/or the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). To address this hypothesis, we used FAIRE-seq and ChIP-seq to evaluate the genome wide regulatory profiles of both tissue types and compared these profiles to well characterized HSOC cell lines (CaOV3 and UWB1.289). This analysis provided, for the first time, global high-resolution annotation of open chromatin and histone H3K27 acetylation and H3K4 monomethylation marks for these tissues types, which are consistent with sites of transcriptional regulation. Using these data, we identified over 10,000 non-promoter associated FAIRE/ChIP signal sites that represent candidate functional enhancers. The regulatory features provided a cell type-specific fingerprint for each cell type. While there were many similarities between OSE and FTE compared to other normal cell types, we also were also able to use these profiles to functionally distinguish OSE from FTE. When we compared profiles of HSOC cells, we observed stronger similarities in the regulatory chromatin landscape between FTE and HSOC cell types than between OSE and FTE. Supervised pathway analysis of genes located closest to putative enhancer sites provided additional evidence of signaling pathways that may underlie the neoplastic initiation and progression from normal tissue to HSOC phenotypes. Our results demonstrate the utility of this approach for identifying precursor tissue types for HSOC and other cancers based on the cell type specific chromatin datasets. Citation Format: Howard C. Shen, Simon Coetzee, Dennis J. Hazelett, Gerhard A. Coetzee, Houtan Noushmehr, Simon A. Gayther. Genome-wide fingerprinting of regulatory chromatin to evaluate the tissue specific origins of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1380. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1380
Interrelationship of breath components in neighboring breaths of normal eupneic subjects.
Authors: M J Tobin, K L Yang, A Jubran, R F Lodato
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To determine the fraction of variational activity that is correlated on a breath-to-breath basis from uncorrelated random fluctuations, we performed autocorrelation analysis in 33 normal subjects during resting breathing. A calibrated inductive plethysmograph was used to nonobtrusively record 700 breaths in each subject. The group mean autocorrelation coefficients at a lag of 1 breath for each of the three primary breath components, tidal volume (VT), inspiratory time (TI), and expiratory time (TE), were significantly different from zero (p < 0.001). The autocorrelation coefficients for VT, 0.295 +/- 0.148 (SD), and TE, 0.259 +/- 0.121, were greater than that for TI, 0.201 +/- 0.135 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The autocorrelation coefficients for each breath component remained significant for approximately 3 consecutive breaths (p < 0.001), indicating the presence of "short-term memory." Cross-correlation analysis revealed significant interrelationships (p < 0.001) for all component irrespective of which component was leading or following, with the exception of the pairing of VT in the leading breath and TI in the subsequent breath. In conclusion, in resting healthy subjects breath components display considerable breath-to-breath variability that is not completely random in nature, but which, instead, has a significant fraction of structured correlated variational activity.
Evidence for reactive nitrogen intermediates in killing of staphylococci by human neutrophil cytoplasts. A new microbicidal pathway for polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Authors: S E Malawista, R R Montgomery, G van Blaricom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

In anucleate, granule-poor, motile fragments from human blood neutrophils (cytokineplasts; CKP), the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N omega-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA) produced a modest decrease in uptake of staphylococci from supernatants (P less than 0.02, n = 7), and a marked decrease in the killing of cytoplast-associated bacteria (P less than 0.001, n = 7). After 60 min of incubation with bacteria, NMMA-treated cytoplasts had a mean of over 3.5 times as many live, CKP-associated staphylococci as did controls (51% of the inocula versus 14%), despite having taken up fewer. Effects on both uptake and killing were reversible by L-arginine but not by D-arginine. Results were the same with other granule-poor cytoplasts (U-cytoplasts, U-CYT), which, unlike CKP, retain activatable oxidase activity. Killing by intact PMN, including those from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease, was not inhibited by NMMA. Thus, the ability to discern effects of NMMA correlated with the paucity of granules, without regard to the presence or absence of activatable oxidase. We propose that the generation of reactive nitrogen intermediates serves as an additional microbial killing pathway in PMN, and that cytoplasts can be used to help delineate the spectrum of susceptible targets.
Complaints of pain after use of handcuffs should not be dismissed
Authors: F S Haddad, N J Goddard, R N Kanvinde, F Burke
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Handcuffs are commonly used to restrain prisoners. It is not unusual for them to be applied in violent circumstances and for the prisoner to struggle. This can lead to overtightening of the handcuffs and considerable trauma to the structures around the wrist. We have recently seen fractures, lacerations, and injuries to the radial, ulnar, and median nerves (table). This is probably the tip of the iceberg, as many people with such injuries fail to attend for assessment, follow up, or investigation.

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Data …
Abstract 3379: Role of E-cadherin in radiation resistance of human breast cancer cells
Authors: Yuhui Yuan, Jenny Liu, Raymond E. Meyn, Anupama Munshi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract E-cadherin is the major adhesion protein associated with epithelial cells loss of its expression is diagnostic of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our preliminary data suggest that EMT, detected as the loss of E-cadherin expression, may regulate tumor cell radiosensitivity, i.e. cells that have undergone EMT are relatively radioresistant compared to the lines that have retained the epithelial phenotype, which typically are relatively radiosensitive. To definitively test this hypothesis we compared expression levels of E-cadherin and other EMT related markers in ER-a negative (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t) and ER-a positive (MCF-7) human breast cancer cells. Clonogenic cell survival assays showed that the cell lines expressing estrogen receptor (MCF-7) were more sensitive to increasing doses of radiation and had high expression of E-cadherin. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 100nM siRNA to E-cadherin for 72 hrs made the cells more resistant to radiation with the surviving fraction changing from 42.3% in control cells to 56.4% in siRNA treated cells. In contrast, ER negative cells (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t) had no detectable expression of E-cadherin and were more radioresistant. We transfected MDA-MB-231 cells with a CDH1-expression vector and isolated stable clones. These clones were selected and tested for radiosensitivity. MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with a control vector (pCMV) served as controls. Restoring E-cadherin expression radiosensitized the cells compared to the control vector cell line, suggesting that restoration of E-cadherin expression in mesenchymal-like cells produces a radiosensitizing effect. Thus, there was a general correlation between EMT, based on loss of E-cadherin expression, and radioresistance. Overall, our results suggest that E-cadherin interacts with radiation and enhances the radioresponse of human breast cancer cells. A detailed investigation of the mechanism is ongoing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3379.
Case 50-1977
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, John T. Harrington, Robert B. Colvin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Presentation of CaseA 76-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of renal failure.He was well until four months earlier, when he experienced transient bilateral paresthesia with questionable dysarthria. Two months before admission he suddenly lost consciousness while parking his car. He was taken to another hospital, and warfarin was prescribed. Eighteen days before entry his left arm began to shake, and he became weak on the left side. He returned to the same hospital, where examination showed that the blood pressure was 200/100 mm Hg. He was lethargic, but no other abnormality was found. The hematocrit was . . .
Lactic Acidosis and AIDS
Authors: Daniel Baram
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 August 1993Lactic Acidosis and AIDSDaniel Baram and Joseph CookeDaniel BaramSearch for more papers by this author and Joseph CookeSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In 1991, we had a patient with a clinical course similar to that in the patients described in the recent report by Chattha and coworkers [1], in which a cause of lactic acidosis was found at autopsy. Our patient was a 45-year-old, HIV-positive woman given zidovudine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. After oral fluconazole therapy for severe oral thrush failed, she was admitted to the hospital for fluids, intravenous fluconazole, and esophageal biopsy after a bout of progressive odynophagia and dehydration. The admission examination was remarkable only for oral thrush and evidence of dehydration. Laboratory values showed a HCO3 level ...References1. Chattha G, Arieff AI, Cummings C, and Tierney LM Jr. Lactic acidosis complicating the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:37-9. Google Scholar2. Shoemaker WC, Ayres S, Grenvik A, Holbrook PR, Thompson WL. Textbook of Critical Care. Second edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1989:1113. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHIV Treatment and Associated Mitochondrial PathologyLactic acidosis related to nucleoside therapy in HIV-infected patientsSevere Nucleoside-Associated Lactic Acidosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients: Report of 12 Cases and Review of the LiteratureTHE MANAGEMENT OF THE CLINICAL COMPLICATIONS OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPYHyperlactatemia and Hepatic Abnormalities in 10 Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients Receiving Nucleoside Analogue Combination RegimensLactic Acidosis Associated with Nucleoside Analog Therapy in an HIV-Positive PatientTherapy of Lactic AcidosisLactic acidosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 15 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 4Page: 343-345KeywordsAIDSAutopsyBrain diseasesLactic acidosisNecrosisPancreatitisResearch laboratoriesSepsisSurvival analysisThiamine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Transmembrane Voltage Changes During Unipolar Stimulation of Rabbit Ventricle
Authors: Stephen B. Knisley
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract This study tested the prediction of bidomain models that unipolar stimulation of anisotropic myocardium produces transmembrane voltage changes (ΔV m s) of opposite signs away from the electrode on perpendicular axes. Stimulation with a strength of 0.1 to 40 mA was applied from a point electrode on the left or right ventricle of isolated perfused rabbit hearts at 37°C to 38°C stained with the potentiometric dye di-4-ANEPPS. A laser scanner system recorded V m -sensitive fluorescence at 63 spots in an 8×8-mm region around the electrode. Cathodal stimulation in the refractory period produced regions of −ΔV m 1 to 5 mm away from the electrode on an axis oriented parallel to the fast propagation axis to within 1.8±11° ( P ≥.7 for difference versus zero, n=7). Recording spots in these regions underwent +ΔV m when anodal stimulation was used. At recording spots on the slow propagation axis, cathodal stimulation produced +ΔV m and anodal stimulation produced −ΔV m . During diastolic stimulation, early excitation occurred near the electrode for cathodal stimulation or on the fast propagation axis as far as 2.8±1 mm away from the electrode for anodal stimulation. A “dog-bone” region of +ΔV m that included tissue near and away from the electrode on the slow propagation axis occurred when cathodal stimulation was given in diastole. Regions of +ΔV m occurred away from the electrode on the fast propagation axis when anodal stimulation was given in diastole. Thus, ΔV m differs in regions along and across myocardial fibers, indicating that ΔV m depends on anisotropic bidomain properties. Sites of early excitation are those where +ΔV m occurs, indicating that membrane channel excitation depends on the distribution of ΔV m .