tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs for dermatological diseases
Authors: None Raychaudhuri, None Siu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

In recent years, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) has been increasingly reported in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The increased occurrence of PCP in non-HIV-immunocompromised subjects has been attributed to several factors: use of stronger immunosuppressive regimens, higher awareness of PCP, advanced diagnostic technology and nosocomial spread of P. carinii. Appearance of PCP subsequent to the use of immunosuppressive drugs has been noticed in many inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and ulcerative colitis. Dermatologists frequently use immunomodulating agents, but the occurrence of PCP in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs for skin diseases is largely unknown. We report four cases where PCP appeared following the use of immunosuppressive drugs primarily for cutaneous diseases, namely pemphigus, cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis (two cases) and Behçet's syndrome. These cases were identified in a computerized database study (1979-95) to evaluate the occurrence of PCP among immunocompromised hosts without HIV infection.
Primary Tumor Resection in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sameer Patel, George J. Chang
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Impact of age-related comorbidities on the risk of COPD exacerbations in subjects with severe airflow limitation: A pan-European study
Authors: Pierre-Régis Burgel, Jean-Louis Paillasseur, Martin Partridge, Marc Miravitlles, Mario Cazzola, Claus Vogelmeier, Delphine Leynaud, Juliette Ostinelli, Romain Kessler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:Comorbidities are found in COPD subjects, but their impact on COPD exacerbations has received little attention.  Methods:Stable COPD patients with severe airflow limitation (FEV1%≤60% pred) were recruited in this pan-European, cross-sectional, observational study, as previously reported (Kessler et al. Eur Resp J 2011;37:264-72). Patient classification was performed using a hierarchical cluster analysis based on the results of a principal component analysis of age, body mass index(kg/m2), FEV1(%pred), dyspnea(mMRC scale) and number of physician-diagnosed comorbidities (left heart failure, diabetes, sleep apnea, ischemic heart disease and depression). Cluster relevance was established using numbers of COPD exacerbations and hospitalizations due to exacerbation within the previous year.  Results:Data are median [IQR]. 2476 COPD subjects (men 79%; age 68[61-75]yr; FEV1 42[40-56]% pred) were analyzed. Prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and obesity increased with older age, but was unrelated to GOLD grade or GOLD 2012 stage. Four clusters of patients were identified, including two clusters with median FEV1 48% pred and two clusters with median FEV1 33% pred. Clusters with similar FEV1 differed on age (median difference 10yrs between clusters with similar FEV1). Risk of exacerbations and hospitalizations among clusters increased with more severe airflow limitation and with older age.  Conclusion:Risk of COPD exacerbations and hospitalizations increased with increasing airflow limitation and with higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and obesity, which correlated with older age.  Analysis funded by AstraZeneca.
The p38‐Mediated Rapid Down‐Regulation of Cell Surface gp130 Expression Impairs Interleukin‐6 Signaling in the Synovial Fluid of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients
Authors: Nora Honke, Kim Ohl, Anastasia Wiener, Jeff Bierwagen, Joachim Peitz, Stefano Di Fiore, Rainer Fischer, Norbert Wagner, Stefan Wüller, Klaus Tenbrock
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2013)

Objective Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) signaling plays an important proinflammatory role, but this role is restricted by regulatory mechanisms that, for example, reduce the cell surface availability of the signal‐transducing chain of the IL‐6 receptor, gp130. The aim of this study was to determine whether the inflammatory environment in arthritic joints has an impact on monocytic gp130 surface expression and the extent to which regulatory processes in the synovial fluid (SF) can be reproduced in an in vitro model. Methods Flow cytometry and live cell imaging were used to measure the cell surface expression and internalization of gp130. STAT‐3 phosphorylation was monitored by flow cytometry and Western blotting. Results In patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), levels of cell surface gp130 expression in SF monocytes were reduced compared to those in peripheral blood (PB) monocytes. These reduced levels were reproduced when PB monocytes from healthy donors were stimulated with SF, and this reduction was dependent on p38 MAPK. The induction of p38 by IL‐1β in PB monocytes interfered with IL‐6 signaling due to the reduced cell surface expression of gp130. Conclusion These results suggest that p38‐mediated proinflammatory stimuli induce the down‐regulation of gp130 on monocytes and thus restrict gp130‐mediated signal transduction. This regulatory mechanism could be of relevance to processes in the inflamed joints of patients with JIA.
Non-T-Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Mice With Tumors Induced by Moloney Murine Sarcoma Virus (M-MuSV). II. Granulocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity Against Autochthonous Target Cells Isolated From M-MuSV-Induced Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S Becker, S Haskill
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Experiments were performed in A/Sn and A/WySn mice to determine the specificity, organ distribution, and further characteristics of the small non-T-cells that infiltrate Moloney murine sarcoma virus (M-MuSV)-induced tumors and are capable of killing the autochthonous M-MuSV-infected tumor target cells. Continuous bovine serum albumin density gradient separation proved to be the most effective method of enriching the cytotoxic cells. Increase in cytotoxic activity, measured by both the 51Cr release assay and the microcytotoxicity test, paralleled the increase in the proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in mice bearing M-MuSV-induced tumors also contained myeloperoxidas-positive cytotoxic effector cells. The cytotoxic activity appeared to be nonspecific. Various mouse tumor lines as well as allogeneic fibroblasts were sensitive to these effector cells. The only target cell type not affected was the syngeneic fibroblast. In addition to the tumor mass, cytotoxic cells were found in the bone marrow, blood, and spleens of mice bearing M-MuSV-induced tumors. Only bone marrow cells from normal mice exhibited cytotoxic activity. Thus cells of the myelopoietic series may be important in fighting M-MuSV-induced tumors by way of their direct cytotoxic effects on the infected cells.
Immunologic Properties of Methylcholanthrene-Induced Sarcomas of Neonatally Thymectomized Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Kikuo Nomoto, Kenji Takeya
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Tumor induction by subcutaneous injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) was enhanced by neonatal thymectomy in inbred AKR and outbred CF1 mice, but not in inbred C3H mice. Primary transplantation of MCA tumors induced in thymectomized and normal mice and of spontaneous mammary tumors was compared for isotransplantability. Many MCA tumors induced in thymectomized mice did not grow as well as those induced in normal mice, and were presumed to be composed of cell population(s) weakly resistant to immune response of normal host. After several serial transfers through isogeneic normal hosts, the tumors with low isotransplantability reached the same degree of isotransplantability as tumors of normal mice. Histologie examinations revealed that cellular infiltration by the host was more striking around the grafts of MCA tumors with low isotransplantability than around those of MCA tumors with high isotransplantability or spontaneous mammary tumors. From these results, it can be concluded that immune response to autochthonous tumors may be an important factor in carcinogenesis.
RNA: DNA Ratios in a Developing Fibrosarcoma and Its Lung Metastases in C3H Mice 2
Authors: Liba Kravetz De Srulijes, Ella Israeli, David Barzilai
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

The quantitative ratios of RNA:DNA were followed in a developing transplanted fibrosarcoma in C3H mice and in its lung metastases. There was a significant increase in these ratios in developing tumors originating from cell suspensions (P smaller than 0.001) and a single implanted piece (P smaller than 0.05). No significant change was demonstrated in developing fibrosarcoma originating from two pieces of this tumor (P greater than 0.05) which were implanted simultaneously. When comparing the ratios of RNA and DNA of developing lung metastases to the primary tumors, we found a significantly higher ratio in the metastases (P smaller than 0.001). No significant changes in RNA:DNA ratios were demonstrated in normal proliferating tissues either in physiologic hyperplasia or embryo tissue culture (P greater than 0.05).
Abstract 3498: A systematic approach to evaluate and select preclinical study workflow software applications for oncology
Authors: Eric M. Ibsen, Jeffrey Kumer
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The use of software applications to automate the workflow specific to preclinical oncology trials can significantly improve labor efficiency, data quality &amp; security while preserving both methodology and results in a searchable database in perpetuity. The typically daunting and complex selection process can be simplified, facilitated and expedited by applying a systematic approach derived from those developed and used by oncology departments in some large pharmaceutical companies. Criteria common across these companies have been identified and combined into a single codified evaluation method. The first step is to identify and define a detailed set of system requirements based on the needs for each user level: technicians, scientists, statisticians, analytical labs, management and other stakeholders involved with animal studies. Some requirements are specific to specific animal models and must be considered for inclusion. Requirements may include functions such as staff intercommunications, protocol development, ACUC restrictions, tumor induction methods, treatments, group composition, tasks, measurements, schedules, analysis, graphing and reporting methods, etc. Each requirement is then assigned a weight based on its’ relative importance to the users. Frequency of use is also taken into consideration when developing a requirement weight. Software applications under consideration are evaluated by scoring the extent to which each requirement is met. To determine the top applications for in-house evaluation on actual studies, a preliminary evaluation of Requirement Scores may be performed by referencing user manuals. Requirement Scores are multiplied by their predetermined weight to derive a Net Requirement Score (NRS). NRSs are summed to achieve a Total Score. The applications selected with the highest NRS are usually evaluated in the lab on actual studies. Requirements are then scored by a small team of users in regular lab use. The Total Score is used to identify which software best meets the needs of the research organization as a whole. The implementation of a systematic approach to evaluate software for animal study workflow automation can save time and help ensure the objective selection of the best system available for a lab. Citation Format: Eric M. Ibsen, Jeffrey Kumer. A systematic approach to evaluate and select preclinical study workflow software applications for oncology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3498. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3498
Support for SUPPORT
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen, Caren G. Solomon, Stephen Morrissey, Michael F. Greene
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

On August 13, 2015, Karon Owen Bowdre, Chief Judge of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, dismissed without trial the case brought against the University of Alabama institutional review board (IRB), the principal investigator, and the electronics firm Masimo by plaintiffs who alleged that they had been injured through their participation in the SUPPORT study.1 In a Perspective article now published in the Journal,2 Lantos explains the reasoning behind the judge’s decision, which is a victory for newborns, their parents, and all who spend their professional lives gathering the data we use in the everyday . . .
Role of dopamine in impairment of breathing in parkinsonism in the rat
Authors: Monika Bialkowska, Pawel Boguszewski, Mieczyslaw Pokorski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

It is assumed that dopamine (DA) is stimulatory for ventilation centrally, but inhibitory at the carotid body which generates the hypoxic chemoreflex. The role of DA deficiency in impaired ventilation of parkinsonism is thus a contentious issue and the results, not surprisingly, are equivocal.In this study we attempted to differentiate central from peripheral DA role in the hypoxic ventilatory responses (HVR) in parkinsonism by means of D2 receptor antagonist/agonist manipulations. The study was conducted in a rat reserpine model of parkinsonism; the symptoms were confirmed by behavioral tests. Ventilation and its acute responses to 8% O2 in N2 were measured in a body body plethysmograph. We found that HVR was depressed in parkinsonism. The results further show that domperidone (1mg/kg, ip), a peripheral D2 antagonist, which increased HVR in the healthy control rats, failed to appreciably increase the dampened parkinsonic HVR. On the other hand, the agonist L-DOPA+benserazide (25+6.25 mg/kg, ip), which penetrates into the brain significantly increased HVR. We conclude that impaired HVR in parkinsonism is due mostly to the missing central stimulatory element of dopamine action, rather than to dysregulating ventilatory action of carotid body DA.
Regression of Feline Sarcoma Virus-Induced Sarcomas in Dogs. I. Morphologic Investigations<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref>
Authors: David O. Slauson, B. I. Osburn, Moshe Shifrine, Donald L. Dungworth
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

In a study of morphologic changes in the development and regression ot feline sarcoma virus (FeSV)-induced tumors in dogs, 27 weaned and newborn beagle and mongrel puppies were inoculated with FeSV in doses from 1.0 to 3.0 gEq; 2 beagle and 2 mongrel puppies were used as uninoculated contact controls. All animals were examined daily, and crude tumor volume was calculated from length, width, and depth measurements of the neoplasms. Biopsies were done at various stages of tumor development and regression. When tumors were no longer palpable, all puppies were necropsied. Two of 8 (25%) weaned beagle puppies, 10 of 12 (83%) newborn beagles, and 1 of 7 (14%) newborn mongrels developed tumors, all histologically confirmed fibrosarcomas. No metastatic tumor foci were detected. The tumor life-span was divided into approximately equal periods of growth and regression. The initial regression period was characterized by focal necrosis and accompanying neutrophil intiltration. The later stages of regression were characterized by lymphocytic or mixed mononuclear infiltrates. Thus the regression histopathology was not uniform and suggested that different immunologic mediation systems effect regression. Nonneoplastic morphologic changes consisted largely of lymphoid depletion and necrosis in lymph nodes and thymus after inoculation.
The use of long term home oxygen therapy reduces hospitalizations and mortality in COPD patients
Authors: Nikolay Kyuchukov, Nikolay Yanev, Iliya Krachunov, Zlatina Ivanova, Plamen Pavlov, Pavlina Glogovska, Tsanya Popova, Petkana Hristova, Yavor Ivanov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) has been shown to increase survival of COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure.  Aim  To study the effect of LTOT on mortality and hospitalizations in patients receiving treatment versus patients who fulfill the criteria for supplementation but have no access.  Methods  COPD patients with indications for LTOT (GOLD, 2013) have been added to a local registry for two years. Patients were divided into two cohorts – cohort A with patients on LTOT and cohort B with patients without access to domiciliary oxygen.  Results  Information about 96 patients was gathered. Mean age was 64 ± 12. Men were 77 (80.2%). All patients were with severe or very severe COPD – mean FEV1 was 34 ± 13. From all patients 24 (25.0%) used domiciliary oxygen (cohort A). Their mean age was 63 ± 12, males were 19 (79.2%) and mean FEV1 was 34 ± 18. The patients in cohort B had mean age 65 ± 12, males were 58 (80.6%) and the mean FEV1 was 33 ± 12.For the period of the survey 49.0% of patients from the whole population died. Mortality in cohort A was 29.2% versus 55.6% in cohort B (p 0.05). Mean fibrinogen level in cohort B was 5.16 vs 5.08 in cohort A (p>0.05). Mean CRP level was – 69.7 in cohort B vs 51.9 in cohort A (p>0.05).  Conclusion  Patients without access to domiciliary oxygen showed higher rate of hospitalizations, mortality and higer fibrinogen and CRP levels. Mortality was associated with older age and airway limitation. It is important to make LTOT accessible to all COPD patients who fulfill the criteria for that.
Bacterial profile of acute infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring hospitalization in Greece
Authors: Nikoletta Rovina, Efrossini Dima, Georgia Papadaki, Pantelis Konstantoulakis, Eutychia Filiou, Theocharis Anagnostakos, Charis Roussos, Manos Alchanatis, Nikolaos Koulouris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Bacterial infections are a major cause of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. This study was undertaken to investigate the bacterial spectrum of AECOPD requiring hospitalization.  We examined 40 patients with COPD hospitalized for infectious AECOPD according to Anthonisen9s criteria. We measured lung function, and assessed sputum for inflammation and for bacterial infection using PCR. All patients had no previous intubation and none was diagnosed with pneumonia.  Patients were hospitalized for 9±3 (mean ± SD) days. AECOPD were associated with impaired lung function (FEV 1 : 42±20, FVC: 69±11, FEV1/FVC: 52±16), respiratory failure and increased sputum neutrophilia (mean ± SD, 72±26). PCR revealed pathogens in 88% of the sputum samples analyzed. The most commonly isolated pathogens were  S. pneumonia (65%),  Haemophilus influenzae  (45%),  Ps. aeruginosa (  33  %), Klebsiella (7.5%),  and  Mycoplasma Hominis (7.5%).   A mixed flora was revealed in 52.5% of sputum samples. The most common co-infection identified was by  S. pneumonia  and  Haemophilus influenzae  (35%), followed by  S. pneumonia  and  Ps. aeruginosa  (25%). In 12.5% there was a co-infection by three bacterial strains ( S. pneumonia,  Haemophilus influenzae,  and  Ps. aeruginosa).    S. pneumonia  and  Haemophilus influenzae  were the commonest sputum pathogens isolated in hospitalized patients with infectious AECOPD. Interestingly, in more than 50% of the cases a co-infection by 2 or three different strains was revealed. These results should be considered when deciding the initial antibiotic treatment in Greek patients with AECOPD.
An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement: A Research Framework for Pulmonary Nodule Evaluation and Management
Authors: Christopher G. Slatore, Nanda Horeweg, James R. Jett, David E. Midthun, Charles A. Powell, Renda Soylemez Wiener, Juan P. Wisnivesky, Michael K. Gould
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Pulmonary nodules are frequently detected during diagnostic chest imaging and as a result of lung cancer screening. Current guidelines for their evaluation are largely based on low-quality evidence, and patients and clinicians could benefit from more research in this area.In this research statement from the American Thoracic Society, a multidisciplinary group of clinicians, researchers, and patient advocates reviewed available evidence for pulmonary nodule evaluation, characterized six focus areas to direct future research efforts, and identified fundamental gaps in knowledge and strategies to address them. We did not use formal mechanisms to prioritize one research area over another or to achieve consensus.There was widespread agreement that novel tests (including novel imaging tests and biopsy techniques, biomarkers, and prognostic models) may improve diagnostic accuracy for identifying cancerous nodules. Before they are used in clinical practice, however, better evidence is needed to show that they improve more distal outcomes of importance to patients. In addition, the pace of research and the quality of clinical care would be improved by the development of registries that link demographic and nodule characteristics with patient-level outcomes. Methods to share data from registries are also necessary.This statement may help researchers to develop impactful and innovative research projects and enable funders to better judge research proposals. We hope that it will accelerate the pace and increase the efficiency of discovery to improve the quality of care for patients with pulmonary nodules.