tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Nerve Lesions Similar to Those of Marek'ps Disease in Chickens Inoculated With Reticuloendotheliosis Virus
Authors: R. L. Witter, H. G. Purchase, G. H. Burgoyne
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Journal Article Peripheral Nerve Lesions Similar to Those of Marek'ps Disease in Chickens Inoculated With Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Get access R. L. Witter, R. L. Witter Poultry Research Branch, Animal Husbandry Research Division, ARS, Regional Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. G. Purchase, H. G. Purchase Poultry Research Branch, Animal Husbandry Research Division, ARS, Regional Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. H. Burgoyne G. H. Burgoyne Poultry Research Branch, Animal Husbandry Research Division, ARS, Regional Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 45, Issue 3, September 1970, Pages 567–577, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/45.3.567 Published: 01 September 1970 Article history Received: 30 March 1970 Accepted: 26 May 1970 Published: 01 September 1970
Mecholyl aerosolized in the surrounding lung increases the resistance of the collateral pathways
Authors: L Delaunois, M Delaunois
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

Collateral ventilation allows gas exchange in pulmonary units distal to an airway obstruction. Regional control of this airflow may be possible because smooth muscle exists in the wall of collateral pathways. Evidence of an intrasegmental cholinergic control of these pathways has been previously shown. We performed this study to investigate the possible control of collateral ventilation by cholinergic receptors situated in the surrounding lung. By using the wedged catheter technique, we measured collateral resistance before and after aerosolization of methacholine in the lung surrounding the wedged segment: both collateral resistance and the time constant for collateral ventilation increased, providing that a cholinergic stimulation in the surrounding lung can influence collateral pathways. Fast and complete reversibility was obtained after isoproterenol or atropine injection. Collateral obstruction would seem to be due, therefore, to a muscular spasm. The effective compliance of the wedged segment decreased during the spasm induced by mecholyl in the surrounding lung, and could be attributed to an increased interdependence of this segment with surrounding segments. This effect was immediately reversed by intravenous bronchodilators. We conclude that cholinergic receptors on the smooth muscles of the external collateral channels can control collateral ventilation.
Postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy of stage II breast carcinoma with or without crossover to a non-cross-resistant regimen: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study.
Authors: M Perloff, L Norton, A H Korzun, W C Wood, R W Carey, A Gottlieb, J C Aust, A Bank, R T Silver, F Saleh, G P Canellos, M C Perry, R B Weiss, J F Holland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE To compare two cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone (CMFVP) regimens with a doxorubicin-based regimen--vinblastine, doxorubicin, thiotepa, and Halotestin (Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI) (VATH)--in patients with stage II node-positive breast carcinoma. METHODS Nine hundred forty-five women were treated with a 6-week induction course of CMFVP. They were then randomized to receive one of two consolidation CMFVP regimens: 6-week courses or 2-week courses. Following completion of CMFVP consolidation, patients were again randomized to either continue the CMFVP regimen or to receive six escalating doses of VATH. RESULTS Among all patients, with a median follow-up time of 11.5 years, there is no statistically significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS) between the two consolidation CMFVP regimens. VATH intensification treatment is statistically significantly superior to CMFVP in terms of DFS (P = .0040). For patients with one to three involved nodes, there is currently no significant difference between VATH and CMFVP; however, among those with four or more positive lymph nodes, there is a significant difference in favor of VATH (P = .0037). There is also improved overall survival with VATH (P = .043; median, &gt; 14 years v 10 years). This difference is also statistically significant in patients with four or more involved lymph nodes, among postmenopausal patients, and among postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive patients. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy with crossover to escalating doses of VATH following CMFVP was well tolerated and effective. Inauguration of VATH as a treatment intensification at the eighth month produced a major increase in relapse-free and overall survival. The observation that sensitivity to VATH is retained so long after mastectomy raises questions about the proper duration of adjuvant chemotherapy and lends support to further investigation of cross-over designs in future trials to postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens.
Reversible glomerular hypertrophy in adult patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Authors: K Nishimoto, H Shiiki, T Nishino, H Uyama, M Iwano, K Dohi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

The present study was performed to assess the pathogenetic role of glomerular hypertrophy in patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). We studied 14 patients with FSGS by morphometry. In seven patients, minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) was diagnosed on the first renal biopsy, but FSGS was diagnosed on the second biopsy (MCNS-FSGS group). Seven other patients with FSGS on the first biopsy underwent second biopsies while in remission (FSGS-R group). Biopsy results were compared with biopsies from 10 patients with MCNS and seven control subjects. Nonsclerotic glomeruli were examined. The mean glomerular tuft area, whole glomerular area, and number of mesangial cells were significantly increased in both biopsies from the MCNS-FSGS group and in the first biopsies obtained during the nephrotic stage of the FSGS-R group, compared with control subjects and patients with MCNS. Biopsies from FSGS patients in remission showed that the mean glomerular tuft area and number of mesangial cells were significantly decreased. The fractional extracellular matrix area (extracellular matrix area/glomerular tuft area) and mesangial cell density (mesangial cell number/glomerular tuft area) in FSGS during both nephrotic and remission stages were the same as those in control subjects and patients with MCNS. The present study suggests that glomerular hypertrophy precedes the development of glomerulosclerosis in FSGS and is reversible when patients are in remission. These features support the pathogenetic importance of glomerular hypertrophy in patients with primary FSGS.
Neoadjuvant GnRH-Agonist Treatment (Triptorelin and Cyproterone Acetate for Flare Protection) and Total Prostatectomy
Authors: K. Pedersen, H. Wijkström, R. Stege, A. Elvin, Å. Tisell, M. de la Torre, C. Busch, S. Brändstedt, M. Häggman, M. Hellström, G. Aus
Journal: European Urology (1993)
Supine position dependency in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Selma Firat Guven, Bulent Ciftci, Tansu Ulukavak Ciftci
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  It is known that supine sleep position may lead to an increase in the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. The aim of this study were to define the prevalence of supine positional OSA in patients diagnosed with OSA and to draw attention to alternative therapy planning in these patients.  Patients and Method: A total of 3,214 patients diagnosed as OSA between June 2007 and June 2010 were included to the study. Positional OSA was defined as a total apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5 and supine AHI/non-supine AHI ≥2. Characteristics of positional OSA and non-positional OSA groups were compared statistically.   Results:  Patients grouped as positional OSA composed 39.9% (n: 1283) of all patients. Positional OSA patients were younger with lower body mass index (BMI) and their OSA was less severe.   Conclusions:  Positional OSA, which may require different treatment approaches, is not uncommon among OSA patients and should be understood as a different clinical entity.
Differences in BAL fluid variables in interstitial lung diseases evaluated by discriminant analysis
Authors: M Drent, P G Mulder, S S Wagenaar, H C Hoogsteden, H van Velzen-Blad, J M van den Bosch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of distinguishing between patients with similarities in clinical presentation, suffering from three frequently occurring interstitial lung diseases, by means of discriminant analysis, using a number of selected variables derived from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis. The study involved all 277 patients, who had an initial bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the period 1980-1990. These patients belonged to the following diagnostic groups: sarcoidosis (n = 193), subacute extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) (n = 39) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (n = 45). Thirty healthy volunteers were used as controls. Cellular and non-cellular constituents of BALF were evaluated. Variables, which could be used to discriminate among the three diagnostic groups were: yield of recovered BALF, total cell count, and percentages of alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, eosinophils and plasma cells in BALF. When the set of data used to predict the membership of patients to diagnostic groups (test set) was the same as that in which the discriminant analysis was performed (learning set), 93% of the cases were correctly classified. This percentage decreased to 90%, however, when the test set was different from the learning set. It is possible to discriminate among patients with sarcoidosis, EAA or IPF with these selected variables. It appears that bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is useful as an adjunct in concert with other diagnostic methods.
Structure of the morbidity of tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated children in Bulgaria
Authors: Svetlana Velizarova, Vladimir Milanov, Petko Minchev, Elizabeta Bachiyska
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Bulgaria and Hong Kong are the countries applied BCG-vaccination since 1951. The Immunization Programme in Bulgaria includes BCG-vaccination of all newborns and three re-vaccinations at 7, 11 and 17 years of age after negative TST. The aim of the study is to investigate the structure of morbidity of primary tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated children.  Methods: This is retrospective analysis of the structure of tuberculosis morbidity among the children cured for TB in University Clinic for Respiratory Diseases in children at Medical University – Sofia. A total of 800 children diagnosed with tuberculosis for the period 2007-2011 were examined.  Results: The large part of the children, 608 (76.4%), were with tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes, on the second place were the children with tuberculosis pleurisy – 58 (7.3%), followed by tuberculosis infiltrate in the lungs – 57 (7.2%), and the children with primary TB complex of the lungs – 41 (5.2%). Miliary tuberculosis was diagnosed only in 12 children (1.5%) and TB meningitis – in 8 children (1%). M. tuberculosis was confirmed by positive cultures in 117 children (14.2%). Most children with miliary tuberculosis and tuberculosis meningitis had a history of close contact with family member with active TB infection.
Purine Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylases in 8-Azaguanine-Sensitive and -Resistant P388 Leukemias
Authors: Jack D. Davidson, T. Ray Bradley, Robert A. Roosa, Lloyd W. Law
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Journal Article Purine Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylases in 8-Azaguanine-Sensitive and -Resistant P388 Leukemias Get access Jack D. Davidson, Jack D. Davidson Medicine Branch and Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. Ray Bradley, T. Ray Bradley Medicine Branch and Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert A. Roosa, Robert A. Roosa Medicine Branch and Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lloyd W. Law Lloyd W. Law Medicine Branch and Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 29, Issue 4, October 1962, Pages 789–803, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/29.4.789 Published: 01 October 1962 Article history Received: 23 May 1962 Published: 01 October 1962
Effect of hospital volume on patient outcomes in pleural infection
Authors: Hsiu-Nien Shen, Chin-Li Lu, Chung-Yi Li
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  We aimed to investigate the hospital volume-outcome relationship (HVOR) in patients with pleural infection, which is important because outcomes may be improved by volume-based selective referral if an inverse HVOR is present.  Methods:  We analyzed 24,876 patients with pleural infection in 2,188 hospital-years from Taiwan9s National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997-2008. Primary outcome was hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay and charges. Hospital volume was measured both as a categorical and a continuous variable (per one case increase per hospital-year); and the effect of which was assessed using multivariable logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations accounting for hospital clustering effect. Adjusted covariates included patient and hospital characteristics (model 1), pleural surgery (model 2) and life-supporting measures (model 3).  Results:  HOVR was significant only when volume was measured as a categorical variable. Patients treated in the highest volume quartile (≥14 cases per hospital-year) had a 27% lower risk of hospital mortality than those in the lowest volume quartile (1 case per hospital-year) after adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics (model 1: adjusted OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.96). However, after adjusting for treatment covariates (model 2 and 3), the volume effect on hospital mortality disappeared. Hospital volume only explained a small proportion of variation in hospital mortality (-2 log likelihood%=0.26%).  Conclusions:  In patients with pleural infection, the effect of hospital volume on patient outcomes is small, depends on volume measures and can be explained by differences in treatment across hospitals.
Lung cancer in patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (comorbidity by smokers-a cumulative effect of exogenic and endogenic factors? Part II)
Authors: Zlarka Iankova, Rositsa Ivancheva, Vania Youroukova, Filip Sterev, Stanislav Kartev, Dimitar Kostadinov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Airway obstruction and smoking have been associated with lung cancer, but are not clear the clinical and risk factors for the development of lung cancer in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the study was to explain the risk factors associated with lung cancer development in patients with COPD. We observed 170 smokers with lung cancer of them 120 with COPD (Group1) and 50 Pts without airflow obstruction (Group2). For control group we used 50 health smokers (Ctr). We analyzed the number of smoked cigarettes, beginning of tobacco smoke and histologic type of lung carcinoma. Group2 mean age (52±3.1 yrs) was lower compared to Group1(57±2.4yrs, p 0.05). We observed in 85% of Group1 non-small cell carcinoma of them squamous cell carcinoma was 60%. In Group2 the incidence of non-small cell carcinoma was 90 % of them squamous cell carcinoma was 56%. These data suggest: 1. Lung cancer develops about to 5 years older Pts with COPD than subjects without airway obsruction, 2. Pts without airflow obstruction and lung cancer started smoking 4 years earlier than controls and 3. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent histologic type found in a population of smokers with/without COPD.
Inhibition of the spindle assembly checkpoint kinase TTK enhances the efficacy of docetaxel in a triple-negative breast cancer model
Authors: A.R.R. Maia, J. de Man, U. Boon, A. Janssen, J.-Y. Song, M. Omerzu, J.G. Sterrenburg, M.B.W. Prinsen, N. Willemsen-Seegers, J.A.D.M. de Roos, A.M. van Doornmalen, J.C.M. Uitdehaag, G.J.P.L. Kops, J. Jonkers, R.C. Buijsman, G.J.R. Zaman, R.H. Medema
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
PIGMENTARY CHANGES IN CHEDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME
Authors: VICTOR BEDOYA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Summary.— The skin of 12 patients with the Chediak‐Higashi syndrome (C‐HS) have been studied by light and electron microscopy. In 6 homozygous patients there was almost complete absence of pigment in some but abundant clumps of enlarged melanin granules in both epidermis and dermis in others. In the dermis melanin was found within histiocytes, endothelial cells, perithelial cells, fibroblasts, Schwann cells, and free in the interstitium. Skin abnormalities were also observed in 6 heterozygotes. Those abnormalities were segmental basal deposition of normal appearing melanin pigment; clumping of slightly enlarged and irregular melanin granules; mild atrophy of the malpighian layer, with scattered cell vacuolization; and abundant melanin pigment within melanophores in the upper dermis where various degrees of mononuclear infiltration with intracytoplasmic inclusions were also observed.
MicroRNA analysis in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) compared to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
Authors: Nicolas Kahn, Michael Meister, Ralf Eberhardt, Thomas Muley, Ute Oltmanns, Felix J.F. Herth, Michael Kreuter
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction & Background: 

Novel molecular biomarkers are required to improve diagnostics and risk assessment in interstitial lung diseases. Bronchoscopic Microsampling (BMS) of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) might be a potent method for this. In contrast to BAL, ELF can be collected highly localization-specific in the airway of areas with active disease. Aim of our feasibility study was to analyze if ELF-sampling for microRNA analysis was possible by the BMS -technique.

Methods: 

ELF was collected from 10 patients with IPF by BMS from subsegmental bronchi. BAL from the same patients was sampled from the middle lobe or lingula. Total RNA extraction was performed using AllPrep DNA/RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen) according to modified manufacturers' instructions. The quantity of total RNA was measured by spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies). The quality of total RNAs was assessed with Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and Agilent RNA 6000 Pico Kit. MicroRNA expression was measured with QT-PCR.

Results: 

All patients underwent BMS and BAL sampling without complications. MicroRNA extraction was reliably performed with all ELF and BMS samples. In median 64 ng/ul total RNA was extracted from the BMS samples.

Conclusion: 

Here we report for the 1st time successful sampling of adequate ELF-material for microRNA analysis with the BMS–technique. Further investigations aim to perform a microRNA screening for matched BAL and ELF samples of these IPF patients to analyze for distinct biomarkers in ELF.
Evaluating the Atrial Myopathy Underlying Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Jeffrey J. Goldberger, Rishi Arora, David Green, Philip Greenland, Daniel C. Lee, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Michael Markl, Jason Ng, Sanjiv J. Shah
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Atrial disease or myopathy forms the substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF) and underlies the potential for atrial thrombus formation and subsequent stroke. Current diagnostic approaches in patients with AF focus on identifying clinical predictors with the evaluation of left atrial size by echocardiography serving as the sole measure specifically evaluating the atrium. Although the atrial substrate underlying AF is likely developing for years before the onset of AF, there is no current evaluation to identify the preclinical atrial myopathy. Atrial fibrosis is 1 component of the atrial substrate that has garnered recent attention based on newer MRI techniques that have been applied to visualize atrial fibrosis in humans with prognostic implications regarding the success of treatment. Advanced ECG signal processing, echocardiographic techniques, and MRI imaging of fibrosis and flow provide up-to-date approaches to evaluate the atrial myopathy underlying AF. Although thromboembolic risk is currently defined by clinical scores, their predictive value is mediocre. Evaluation of stasis via imaging and biomarkers associated with thrombogenesis may provide enhanced approaches to assess risk for stroke in patients with AF. Better delineation of the atrial myopathy that serves as the substrate for AF and thromboembolic complications might improve treatment outcomes. Furthermore, better delineation of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the development of the atrial substrate for AF, particularly in its earlier stages, could help identify blood and imaging biomarkers that could be useful to assess risk for developing new-onset AF and suggest specific pathways that could be targeted for prevention.
The prevalence of cardiac diseases in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Iosif Marincu, Nicoleta Bertici, Stefan Mihaicuta, Adelina Mavrea, Mirela Tomescu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of death in patients with cardiac disease. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of cardiac diseases in a group of adult patients with CAP.   Methods:  The authors have retrospectively analyzed a group of 84 adultpatients with CAP. All of the patients were monitorized in the Clinic of Infectious Diseases Timisoara in 2012. The positive diagnosis was based on clinical elements (fever, cough with expectoration, alveolar rales, chest pain, dyspnoea, etc.), biological elements (ESR, Leukocytosis, Fibrinogen, CRP, sputum smear testing, sputum culture testing, blood cultures, etc.) and paraclinic elements (chest radiography, computer tomography). The results of the biological and paraclinical investigations were registered in the individual patient file. The statistic data was processed using the Epi Info 5 program.   Results:  Out of the study group (n=84), 32 (38.09%) patients presented associated cardiac disease. So, were recorded: 25 (29.76%) patients with Arterial Hypertension, 4 (4.76%) patients with Pulmonary Hypertension, 22 (26.19%) patients with Ischemic Heart disease, 15 (17.85%) patients with coronary artery disease, 18 (21.42%) patients with Heart failure, 16 (19.04%) patients with arrhythmias, 3 (3,57%) patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism, 14 (16.66%) patients with valvular heart disease and 5 (5.95%) patients with Infective endocarditis. We mention that 18 out of 32 patients with cardiac disease required ICU care (p=0.385).   Conclusions:  High prevalence of cardiac diseases in CAP patients highlights the need for the implementation of efficient prophylaxis and collaboration with the cardiologist.