tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Misleading Corticotropin Levels in Cushing's Disease
Authors: Ray W. Newton
Journal: JAMA (1978)

PATIENTS with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production frequently do not show all the typical clinical features of Cushing's syndrome despite high plasma ACTH and cortisol levels.<sup>1</sup>Classically, severe hypokalemic alkalosis and hyperglycemia occur. Occasionally a cushingoid appearance may develop in association with low-grade malignant and benign tumors such as carcinoid tumors of the lung.<sup>2</sup> In our patient ectopic ACTH production was suspected despite a grossly cushingoid appearance because of exceedingly high plasma ACTH and cortisol levels. The subsequent clinical course, however, led to the diagnosis of Cushing's disease because of excess pituitary ACTH secretion exhibiting periodicity of hormone production. We report the case because of the unusual presentation and the misleading levels of plasma ACTH and cortisol. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old woman who smoked but had no past history of chest disease was admitted to hospital with pneumonia. Consolidation of the right upper lobe was confirmed
Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry, Including a Havelock Ellis Centenary Symposium on Sexual Behavior
Authors: Roy R. Grinker
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The Society of Biological Psychiatry has achieved an important position in the total field, as it represents a special frame of reference to the problems of mental illness. Without pretending that this position enables man to find all the answers, but maintaining that the biology of man is an essential area of study for mental illness, the Society has established a sound scientific position. The present volume includes 27 papers on neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, electroencephalography, drug and somatic therapy, and psychopharmacologic research. Most of these are excellent. The essayists are distinguished investigators; the papers are all worth reading; and the book is highly recommended.
Segment Length and Risk for Neoplastic Progression in Patients with Barrett Esophagus
Authors: Hashem B. El-Serag
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters7 November 2000Segment Length and Risk for Neoplastic Progression in Patients with Barrett EsophagusHashem B. El-Serag, MD, MPHHashem B. El-Serag, MD, MPHHouston Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Baylor College of Medicine (El-Serag)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In Rudolph and colleagues' study (1), the cancer incidence in patients with Barrett esophagus segments longer than 10 cm was substantially higher than the incidence in patients whose segment was less than 3 cm long (7 per 100 person-years vs. 2.5 per 100 person-years). The authors concluded that the risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with short-segment Barrett esophagus was not substantially lower than that in patients with longer segments. However, the study did not have enough power to adequately detect statistically significant differences in the risk for cancer between these two groups of patients while controlling ...References1. Rudolph RE, Vaughan TL, Storer BE, Haggitt RC, Rabinovitch PS, Levine DS, et al . Effect of segment length on risk for neoplastic progression in patients with Barrett esophagus. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:612-20. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Concato J, Feinstein AR, Holford TR. The risk of determining risk with multivariable models. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:201-10. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Harrell FE, Lee KL, Matchar DB, Reichert TA. Regression models for prognostic prediction: advantages, problems, and suggested solutions. Cancer Treat Rep. 1985;69:1071-7. MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Houston Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Baylor College of Medicine (El-Serag) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEffect of Segment Length on Risk for Neoplastic Progression in Patients with Barrett Esophagus Rebecca E. Rudolph , Thomas L. Vaughan , Barry E. Storer , Rodger C. Haggitt , Peter S. Rabinovitch , Douglas S. Levine , and Brian J. Reid Segment Length and Risk for Neoplastic Progression in Patients with Barrett Esophagus Rebecca E. Rudolph , Thomas L. Vaughan , and Barry Storer Metrics Cited byShould we worry about the length of Barrett's esophagus?Barrett's esophagus: A role for high-resolution magnification chromoendoscopy?Innovative endoscopic mapping technique of barrett’s mucosa 7 November 2000Volume 133, Issue 9Page: 747-748KeywordsBody mass indexDysplasiaEsophageal adenocarcinomaEsophagusMedical risk factorsRacial and ethnic issues ePublished: 7 November 2000 Issue Published: 7 November 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
EPIDEMIC JAUNDICE AMONG CHILDREN.
Authors: ALEX. Y. P. GARNETT
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read in the Section on Diseases of Children, June, 1883.] During the summer of 1881, remarkable for its unprecedented heat as well as an unusual and widespread development of malarial fever, embracing sections of the United States rarely if ever before visited by this supposed pathogenic agent, an epidemic of acute jaundice, confined almost exclusively to children under six years of age, appeared in the city of Washington. Between the 2nd of July and the 15th of October six cases of this disease occurred within my own practice, the ages of those attacked ranging from two to six years. For the months of July, August and September twelve other cases were reported to me by other physicians, three within the service of the Central Free Dispensary, the other nine occurring in localities remote from each other, but exhibiting in every essential particular the same features as those which came under
Overexpression of the rat inducible 70-kD heat stress protein in a transgenic mouse increases the resistance of the heart to ischemic injury.
Authors: M S Marber, R Mestril, S H Chi, M R Sayen, D M Yellon, W H Dillmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Myocardial protection and changes in gene expression follow whole body heat stress. Circumstantial evidence suggests that an inducible 70-kD heat shock protein (hsp70i), increased markedly by whole body heat stress, contributes to the protection. Transgenic mouse lines were constructed with a cytomegalovirus enhancer and beta-actin promoter driving rat hsp70i expression in heterozygote animals. Unstressed, transgene positive mice expressed higher levels of myocardial hsp70i than transgene negative mice after whole body heat stress. This high level of expression occurred without apparent detrimental effect. The hearts harvested from transgene positive mice and transgene negative littermates were Langendorff perfused and subjected to 20 min of warm (37 degrees C) zero-flow ischemia and up to 120 min of reflow while contractile recovery and creatine kinase efflux were measured. Myocardial infarction was demarcated by triphenyltetrazolium. In transgene positive compared with transgene negative hearts, the zone of infarction was reduced by 40%, contractile function at 30 min of reflow was doubled, and efflux of creatine kinase was reduced by approximately 50%. Our findings suggest for the first time that increased myocardial hsp70i expression results in protection of the heart against ischemic injury and that the antiischemic properties of hsp70i have possible therapeutic relevance.
Bronchodilatation after inhalation of the antihistamine clemastine.
Authors: S G Nogrady, J P Hartley, P D Handslip, N P Hurst
Journal: Thorax (1978)

H1 receptor blocking antihistamines administered by mouth have not found a clear place in the management of bronchial asthma. We investigated the possibility that higher concentrations of these drugs, administered directly to the bronchial tree, might produce bronchodilatation. Twelve asthmatic patients inhaled aerosols generated from solutions of clemastine (0.05%), salbutamol (0.5%), and placebo. Bronchodilatation was assessed by changes in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) over four hours. Both clemastine and salbutamol caused significant bronchodilatation. The mean maximum percentage increases in FEV1 for clemastine and salbutamol were 21.1% and 29.2% respectively. The mean maximum percentage increases in PEFR were 31.2% and 35.2% respectively. There was no significant difference in the maximum bronchodilatation produced by the two drugs. Clemastine, when administered by aerosol inhalation, appears to be an effective bronchodilator.
Paradoxical and pseudoparadoxical interventricular septal motion in patients with right ventricular volume overload.
Authors: M Feneley, T Gavaghan
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Cross-sectional echocardiographic measurements of normalized septal curvature (NSC), systolic anterior motion of the center of the left ventricular cavity (CAM), and the M mode ratio of left ventricular posterior wall epicardial motion (PEM) to posterior wall thickening (PWT) were made in eight normal subjects, 16 patients with right ventricular volume overload (RVVO) and five with pressure overload (RVPO). Paradoxical M mode septal motion was confined to early systole in six patients with RVVO (group I) and was sustained in 10 (group II). Similar end-diastolic septal flattening was observed in RVVO group I (NSC 0.50 +/- 0.16 [SD]) and group II (0.49 +/- 0.23) when compared with the normal group (0.83 +/- 0.07, both p less than .005). NSC increased in both RVVO groups during the first one-third of systole (p less than .002) to values not significantly different from normal, but did not change significantly thereafter. CAM in RVVO group II (5.4 +/- 2.2 mm) exceeded CAM in both the normal group (1.8 +/- 1.9 mm, p less than .001) and group I (2.1 +/- 1.4 mm, p less than .005). Similarly, the PEM/PWT ratios in group II (mean 2.94; range 2.13 to 8.0) exceeded those in both the normal group (mean 1.59; range 1.11 to 2.13, p less than .01) and group I (mean 1.32; range 1.10 to 1.67, p less than .01). In the RVPO group, CAM was significant, the PEM/PWT ratios were lower than normal (p less than .01), and marked end-diastolic septal flattening was incompletely corrected during early systole, after which the septum was flattened further until end-systole (p less than .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sociodemographic Variables for Predicting Diabetes in Panama
Authors: Anselmo Joaquin Mc Donald Posso, Jose A. Montenegro G., Clara Elena Cruz, Aida Libia Moreno de Rivera, Alberto Cumbrera
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Sociodemographic variables (SDVs) are an important component in the epidemiological profile of diabetes mellitus (DM); however, they are not critical for the onset of the disease, since we must consider multicausality (1), as well as other risk factors related to lifestyles and genetics.

In Panama, in 2012, concluded the first population-based survey of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease in adults ≥18 years (PREFREC). This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study, with a single-stage, probabilistic, and randomized sampling strategy with a multivariate stratification. The research evaluated SDVs such as living in urban, rural, and indigenous areas; sex; age; social and cultural groups (SCGs) (white, African Panamanian [Afropanamanian], Asian, and mestizo), educational level, and civil …
Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Near-Infrared Autofluorescence in Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Shin Yoshitake, Tomoaki Murakami, Takahiro Horii, Akihito Uji, Ken Ogino, Noriyuki Unoki, Kazuaki Nishijima, Nagahisa Yoshimura
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
A “breathalyser” for lung cancer?
Authors: Naiyer Rizvi, Daniel F Hayes
Journal: The Lancet (1999)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the USA and western Europe. The 5-year survival for all stages of this disease is a disappointing 13%. In the 1970s, four prospective randomised trials involving over 37 000 participants were set up to study the effect of screening for early lung cancer by chest radiography and sputum cytology. 1 Strauss GM Gleason RE Sugerbaker DJ Chest X-ray screening improves outcome in lung cancer: a reappraisal of randomized trials on lung cancer screening. Chest. 1995; 107: 270S-279S Crossref PubMed Google Scholar All four studies showed that screening with either or both of these methods increased rates of detection of early-stage disease and of resectability. However, no reduction in mortality was observed in any of these studies. Although many limitations may have contributed to these disappointing results, the conclusion has to be that existing methods of screening and associated early detection do not decrease lung-cancer mortality. 1 Strauss GM Gleason RE Sugerbaker DJ Chest X-ray screening improves outcome in lung cancer: a reappraisal of randomized trials on lung cancer screening. Chest. 1995; 107: 270S-279S Crossref PubMed Google Scholar This conclusion has inspired an impressive search for better methods to identify early cellular changes related to this terrible disease. Volatile organic compounds in breath as markers of lung cancer: a cross-sectional studyIn patients with an abnormal chest radiograph, a combination of 22 VOCs in breath samples distinguished between patients with and without lung cancer. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the usefulness of breath VOCs for detecting lung cancer in the general population. Full-Text PDF
Epidermal growth factor- and hepatocyte growth factor-receptor activity in serum-free cultures of human hepatocytes
Authors: Dorothee M Runge, Dieter Runge, Kenneth Dorko, Liubomir A Pisarov, Kerstin Leckel, Vsevolod E Kostrubsky, David Thomas, Stephen C Strom, George K Michalopoulos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
The STS-ACC Transcatheter Valve Therapy National Registry
Authors: John D. Carroll, Fred H. Edwards, Danica Marinac-Dabic, Ralph G. Brindis, Frederick L. Grover, Eric D. Peterson, E. Murat Tuzcu, David M. Shahian, John S. Rumsfeld, Cynthia M. Shewan, Kathleen Hewitt, David R. Holmes, Michael J. Mack
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
PKA-mediated phosphorylation of EPEC-Tir at serine residues 434 and 463
Authors: Steffen Backert, Brendan Kenny, Ralf Gerhard, Nicole Tegtmeyer, Sabine Brandt
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

Type-III or type-IV secretion systems of many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens inject effector proteins into host cells that modulate cellular functions in their favour. A preferred target of these effectors is the actin-cytoskeleton as shown by studies using the gastric pathogens Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). We recently developed a co-infection approach to study effector protein function and molecular mechanisms by which they highjack cellular signalling cascades. This is exemplified by our observation that EPEC profoundly blocks H. pylori-induced epithelial cell scattering and elongation, a disease-related event requiring the activity of small Rho GTPase Rac1. While this suppressive effect is dependent on the effector protein Tir and the outer-membrane protein Intimin, it unexpectedly revealed evidence for Tir-signalling independent of phosphorylation of Tir at tyrosine residues 454 and 474. Instead, our studies revealed a previously unidentified function for protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of Tir at serine residues 434 and 463. We demonstrated that EPEC infection activates PKA for Tir phosphorylation. Activated PKA then phosphorylates Rac1 at its serine residue 71 associated with reduced GTP-load and inhibited cell elongation. Phosphorylation of Rho GTPases such as Rac1 might be an interesting novel strategy in microbial pathogenesis.
Abstract 3787: D, L-Sulforaphane inhibits constitutive and interleukin 6-induced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Eun-Ryeong Hahm, Shivendra V. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract D, L-Sulforaphane (SFN), a synthetic analogue of broccoli-derived L-isomer, inhibits viability of human prostate cancer cells in culture and in vivo. We also showed recently that oral administration of SFN prevents development of prostate cancer and pulmonary metastasis in a transgenic mouse model (TRAMP mice) by reducing cell proliferation and augmenting activity of natural killer cells. However, the mechanism underlying anticancer effect of SFN is not fully understood. We now demonstrate that SFN inhibits constitutive and interleukin 6 (IL6)-induced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is implicated in development and progression of prostate cancer. Growth suppressive concentrations of SFN (20 and 40 μmol/L) inhibited constitutive (DU145 cells) and IL6-induced (LNCaP cells) phosphorylation of STAT3 (Tyr705) as well as its upstream regulator Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2; Tyr1007/1008). Treatment of DU145 and LNCaP cells with SFN resulted in suppression of IL6-induced transcriptional activity of STAT3 as revealed by luciferase reporter assay and nuclear translocation of STAT3 as judged by immunofluorescence microscopy. The SFN-mediated inhibition of STAT3 activation was due to down-regulation of JAK2 mRNA expression in both cell lines. Levels of many STAT3-regulated gene products including Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and survivin were also down-regulated in SFN-treated cells. The IL6-mediated activation of STAT3 conferred partial but marked protection against SFN-induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells as evidenced by cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase and caspase-3 and cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation. In addition, siRNA knockdown of STAT3 in DU145 cells resulted in a modest yet statistically significant increase in SFN-induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation. The results of the present study demonstrate SFN-mediated inhibition of STAT3 activation in human prostate cancer cells. This investigation was supported by the National Cancer Institute grant CA115498-05. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3787.
Directed Evolution of a Novel Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) Vector That Crosses the Seizure-compromised Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB)
Authors: Steven J Gray, Bonita L Blake, Hugh E Criswell, Sarah C Nicolson, R Jude Samulski, Thomas J McCown
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

DNA shuffling and directed evolution were employed to develop a novel adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector capable of crossing the seizure-compromised blood–brain barrier (BBB) and transducing cells in the brain. Capsid DNA from AAV serotypes 1–6, 8, and 9 were shuffled and recombined to create a library of chimeric AAVs. One day after kainic acid–induced limbic seizure activity in rats, the virus library was infused intravenously (i.v.), and 3 days later, neuron-rich cells were mechanically dissociated from seizure-sensitive brain sites, collected and viral DNA extracted. After three cycles of selection, green fluorescent protein (GFP)–packaged clones were administered directly into brain or i.v. 1 day after kainic acid–induced seizures. Several clones that were effective after intracranial administration did not transduce brain cells after the i.v. administration. However, two clones (32 and 83) transduced the cells after direct brain infusion and after i.v. administration transduced the cells that were localized to the piriform cortex and ventral hippocampus, areas exhibiting a seizure-compromised BBB. No transduction occurred in areas devoid of BBB compromise. Only one parental serotype (AAV8) exhibited a similar expression profile, but the biodistribution of 32 and 83 diverged dramatically from this parental serotype. Thus, novel AAV vectors have been created that can selectively cross the seizure-compromised BBB and transduce cells. DNA shuffling and directed evolution were employed to develop a novel adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector capable of crossing the seizure-compromised blood–brain barrier (BBB) and transducing cells in the brain. Capsid DNA from AAV serotypes 1–6, 8, and 9 were shuffled and recombined to create a library of chimeric AAVs. One day after kainic acid–induced limbic seizure activity in rats, the virus library was infused intravenously (i.v.), and 3 days later, neuron-rich cells were mechanically dissociated from seizure-sensitive brain sites, collected and viral DNA extracted. After three cycles of selection, green fluorescent protein (GFP)–packaged clones were administered directly into brain or i.v. 1 day after kainic acid–induced seizures. Several clones that were effective after intracranial administration did not transduce brain cells after the i.v. administration. However, two clones (32 and 83) transduced the cells after direct brain infusion and after i.v. administration transduced the cells that were localized to the piriform cortex and ventral hippocampus, areas exhibiting a seizure-compromised BBB. No transduction occurred in areas devoid of BBB compromise. Only one parental serotype (AAV8) exhibited a similar expression profile, but the biodistribution of 32 and 83 diverged dramatically from this parental serotype. Thus, novel AAV vectors have been created that can selectively cross the seizure-compromised BBB and transduce cells.
Multiple Pheochromocytomas in a Patient With Blurred Vision
Authors: Kendra L. Thoren, Antonio G. Balingit, Jerome Billingsley
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

We report on a 19-year-old male diagnosed with multiple pheochromocytomas after an I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan. Multiple imaging was obtained because of concern for von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) after bilateral retinal angiomas were discovered on ophthalmologic consultation as a follow-up from the Emergency Department. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were able to localize the adrenal and extra-adrenal tumors; however, accurate differentiation between pheochromocytomas and other adrenal tumors was not possible. I-123 MIBG is the test of choice for evaluating functionality and location of pheochromocytomas because of its high sensitivity and specificity. I-123 MIBG was performed before surgery to confirm that the lesions were indeed pheochromocytomas and also to rule out metastatic disease. He was started on alpha- and beta-blocker medication for at least 3 weeks, followed by surgery. The postoperative period was uneventful. DNA testing was performed and revealed mutations in the VHL gene previously reported to be associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome type II and genetic counseling was recommended. He was presented in urology tumor board conference with recommendations for follow-up CT and laboratory tests after 3 months. Otherwise, the patient is doing well and asymptomatic at this time.
Gifts to Physicians From Industry
Authors: Robert C. Noble
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The American Medical Association Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs<sup>1</sup>stated that gifts to physicians from industry are permissible if they benefit patients and are not of substantial value. The council's advice misses the mark. We should not take gifts from industry when we are not the direct consumers of their products. Is there a difference between a physician accepting a road atlas from a life insurance salesperson and a physician accepting the same atlas from a pharmaceutical representative? Yes, there is. In the first case, the physician is the potential customer of the life insurance company, and the physician is free to choose whether to purchase the insurance. In the second case, the physician is the person who chooses a certain type of medication for the patient, who is the customer. The patient is not free to choose. By accepting the road atlas from the