tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low-Dose Radioiodine Given Six-Monthly in Graves' Disease
Authors: P J Hoskin, V R McCready, C L Harmer, G S Spathis, D O Cosgrove
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

Experience using low-dose radioiodine given six-monthly instead of yearly in hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease is reported. One hundred and thirty-five patients have been treated over a three-year period with 74 MBq (2 mCi) doses of 131I. Thirty-eight percent were controlled with a single dose. Those patients requiring more than one dose were treated with a further 74 MBq (2 mCi) 131I at six-monthly intervals until euthyroid. Using this approach, 46% were euthyroid one year after starting treatment, and 75% were euthyroid at two years. The incidence of hypothyroidism following treatment was 2.2% at one year, with a yearly incidence thereafter of 4-6%. Six-monthly scheduling of low-dose radioiodine in Graves' disease can reduce the time taken to become euthyroid, compared with conventional yearly low-dose treatments. Further follow up is required to confirm the present low incidence of hypothyroidism following treatment.
Do Community Hospitals Reduce the Use of District General Hospital Inpatient beds?
Authors: Christine Hine, Victorine A Wood, Stephen Taylor, Mark Charny
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1996)

Community hospitals have been supported by the general public and by professionals as one means of increasing choice between local, low technology, care and high technology care at the district general hospital. However, there is no information on the impact of community hospitals on district general hospital use subsequent to NHS and community care reforms. Examination of routinely gathered activity data in the Bath Health District revealed that availability of community hospital beds was associated with reduced use of central inpatient services in the city of Bath. The reduction was most apparent for medical and geriatric beds. Decrease in the use of surgical beds was small. However, total inpatient bed use (including central and community hospital beds) was higher in the population with access to community hospital beds. We conclude that community hospitals offer one option for accessible health care and, as such merit systematic evaluation of costs and benefits. This study presents some evidence that savings could be achieved through improved efficiency.
Antiatherogenic effects of adjuvant antiestrogens: a randomized trial comparing the effects of tamoxifen and toremifene on plasma lipid levels in postmenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer.
Authors: T Saarto, C Blomqvist, C Ehnholm, M R Taskinen, I Elomaa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE To evaluate whether a novel antiestrogen, toremifene, has similar antiatherogenic effects as tamoxifen. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-nine postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer were randomized in a trial that compared the effects of tamoxifen and toremifene on serum lipoproteins. Tamoxifen was given at 20 mg and toremifene at 60 mg orally per day for 3 years. Serum concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, A-II, and B, and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol were measured before and after 12 months of antiestrogen therapy. RESULTS Both antiestrogens significantly reduced serum total and LDL cholesterol and apo B levels. However, the response of HDL cholesterol to treatments was clearly different between the groups. Toremifene increased the HDL level by 14%, whereas tamoxifen decreased it by 5% (P = .001). As a consequence, both cholesterol-to-HDL and LDL-to-HDL ratios decreased more in the toremifene than tamoxifen group (P = .008 and P = .03, respectively). Toremifene also increased the apo A-I level (P = .00007) and apo A-I-to-A-II ratio (P = .018). Both tamoxifen and toremifene decreased the Lp(a) concentration significantly (change, 34% v 41%). CONCLUSION These results provide positive evidence that toremifene has antiatherogenic properties with potency to improve all lipoproteins that are associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.
Activity of T-Dm1 in Her2-Positive Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: R. Bartsch, A.S. Berghoff, U. Vogl, M. Rudas, E. Bergen, M. Gnant, K. Dieckmann, K. Pinker-Domenig, L. Oehler, C. Zielinski, G.G. Steger, M. Preusser
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Can You Help Me Feel Less Exhausted All the Time?
Authors: Pleun J. de Raaf, Carin C.D. van der Rijt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

A 64-year-old woman with metastatic rectal cancer is admitted to the acute palliative care unit of our cancer center because of debilitating fatigue. She had been diagnosed with metastatic disease in 2009, when liver metastases were found 1 year after the primary treatment of her rectal cancer with preoperative radiotherapy and low anterior resection. Since then, she had been treated with resection of liver metastases in 2009 and 2010, palliative combination chemotherapy (oxaliplatin plus capecitabine) after the diagnosis of new liver and lung metastases in 2010, irinotecan in 2011, and then cetuximab until progression. She declined participation in a phase I clinical trial because she was afraid of experiencing adverse effects; she felt relatively well at the time. She had functioned without hindering symptoms until 2 weeks before admission. Her condition had deteriorated markedly since then. At admission, she is bedridden because of progressive fatigue. Furthermore, she complains of dyspnea and nausea and vomits approximately twice per day. She also suffers from pain in the upper abdomen, especially when rising from the bed. She is no longer able to care for her 84-year-old husband or her 40-year-old mentally disabled son, who lives with them. She is aware of her poor prognosis but is not able to share her sorrows with her family.
An exceptional mutational event leading to Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome in a large consanguineous family
Authors: L. Samuelov, D. Fuchs-Telem, O. Sarig, E. Sprecher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article An exceptional mutational event leading to Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome in a large consanguineous family Get access L. Samuelov, L. Samuelov Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Fuchs‐Telem, D. Fuchs‐Telem Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, IsraelDepartment of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Sarig, O. Sarig Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Sprecher E. Sprecher Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, IsraelDepartment of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel Eli Sprecher. E‐mail: elisp@tasmc.health.gov.il Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 164, Issue 6, 1 June 2011, Pages 1390–1392, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10252.x Published: 01 June 2011
Intrathoracic mass in a 34 year old cystic fibrosis patient
Authors: M Noppen, O Delhove, J Demey, W Vincken
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

In 1988, a 29 year old man presented with recurrent purulent bronchitis and sinusitis; cystic fibrosis (CF) was diagnosed. Repeated sweat tests were compatible with the diagnosis of CF: Cl - was 83 (left) and 82 (right) mmol·L -1 , and Na + was 95 (left) and 94 (right) mmol·L -1 . Chest radiograph at that time was normal. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed small, tubular bronchiectasis in both upper lobes. Ventilatory function tests showed a mild airway obstruction (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 81% predicted, and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) 66%), with 15% reversibility. Residual volume (RV) was 132% predicted. Lung capacities and CO transfer factor were normal. The patient was atopic, (total immunoglobulin E (IgE) >1,000 kU·L -1 ; radioallergosorbent test (RAST) ++++ for Aspergillus fumigatus, +++ for D. pteronyssinus, ++ for Cladosporum herbarum, and + for grass pollen) and precipitation antibodies against A. fumigatus were present (two precipitation lines). Skin-prick tests were positive for D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, and negative for all other aero-allergens, including Aspergillus fumigatus. The patient had azoospermia. Treatment consisted of aerosols (N-acetylcysteine, twice daily), and regular intake of antibiotics, combined with physical therapy in case of purulent bronchitis.
Simvastatin overcomes gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer with the T790M mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor via Akt/b-catenin signaling dependent down-regulation of survivin
Authors: Hak-Ryul Kim, Ki-Eun Hwang, Eun-Taik Jeong
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

This study was designed to investigate overcoming gefitinib resistance in NSCLC with the T790M mutation of EGFR through a mechanism-based approach using simvastatin. We developed an in vitro model of acquired resistance to gefitinib by continuously treating HCC827 with escalating doses. The effects of simvastatin on apoptosis and AKT/b-catenin signaling in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells were examined by annexin V binding assay and immunoblot analysis. We tested the effects of LY294002, siRNA and overexpression for AKT in simvastatin treated gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells. To determine the role of survivin in simvastatin-induced apoptosis of gefitinib-resistant NSCLC, we knocked down the survivin level by introducing siRNA for survivin. In H1975 and HCC827R, gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells a significant increase in the expression of phosphorylated AKT and survivin compared to HCC827, EGFR-sensitive NSCLC cells was observed. We showed that simvastatin exerted a remarkable inhibitory effect on activation of AKT, leading to suppression of b-catenin activity and expression of its targets, survivin and cyclin D1. Moreover, survivin down-regulation by RNA interference augmented apoptotic potential to simvastatin and gefitinib treated gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Simvastatin could overcome gefitinib resistance in NSCLC with the T790M mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor via AKT/b-catenin signaling dependent down-regulation of survivin.
Pulmonary and systemic inflammation in a domestic animal model of respiratory chlamydophila psittaci infection: Evaluation of dose-response relationships
Authors: Carola Ostermann, Anette Vogel, Wieland Schroedl, Angela Berndt, Evelyn Schubert, Konrad Sachse, Petra Reinhold
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

This study aimed to evaluate dose-response relationships of pulmonary and systemic inflammation with respect to a new model of respiratory  Chlamydophila (C.) psittaci  infection introduced recently. Four infection dosages (inclusion forming units of strain DC 15) were administered intrabronchially per calf: 10 6  (n = 4), 10 7  (n = 4), 10 8  (n = 4), 10 9  (n = 2). Control animals received medium (n = 4) or the inactivated strain (10 8 ; n = 6). Pulmonary inflammation was assessed by analysing broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 2-3 days post inoculation (dpi). As biomarkers of systemic inflammation, acute phase proteins (LBP=lipopolysaccharide binding protein, Hp= haptoglobin, CRP) were measured in serum samples.  After challenge with viable chlamydiae, most of inflammatory markers followed dose-response curves (Table). In the lung, recruitment of neutrophil granulocytes increased with increasing doses. In blood, LBP was superior in reflecting host response.   Conclusion:  In conclusion, pulmonary and systemic inflammation varied from mild (10 6  ifu) to severe (10 9  ifu). For further studies, inoculation of 10 8  ifu per animal is recommended to induce a clinically apparent respiratory disease with local and systemic host responses.
Lung Cancer and Occupation in New Mexico&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M L Lerchen, C L Wiggins, J M Samet
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

The association between occupation and lung cancer risk was examined in a population-based, case-control study of 506 patients (333 males and 173 females) and 771 control (499 males and 272 females) subjects in New Mexico. A personal interview was used to obtain lifetime occupational and smoking histories and self-reported history of exposures to specific agents. High-risk jobs were identified in advance of data analysis and linked with industrial and occupational codes for hypothesis testing. For females, lung cancer risk was not associated with employment history, but power was limited. For males, elevated risks were found for the uranium mining industry [odds ratio (OR) = 1.9; 95% confidence internal (CI) = 0.8-4.9], underground miners (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.1-3.7), painters (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 0.8-8.9), and welders (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.4-7.4). For self-reported exposure to any of 18 agents, only the OR for exposure to "other metals" was elevated. The population attributable risk in males was estimated as 14% for employment in any high-risk industry or occupation with an OR above 1 in this study.
LSC 2013 abstract - Differential susceptibility of fetal and adult lung to respiratory syncytial virus infection and modulation by cytokine environment
Authors: Cosma Mirella Spalluto, Karl J. Staples, David I. Wilson, Tom M.A. Wilkinson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Early life exposure to respiratory viral infections has been associated with the development of chronic respiratory disease. We hypothesised that in early life, cytokine priming of the lung has potential long term effects on the pulmonary immune response, affecting anti-viral responses and contributing to susceptibility to asthma later in life.  We investigated the differential effects of inflammatory cytokine priming on the immune response to RSV infection throughout different ages of life and in different tissue compartments from the respiratory tract.  Lung tissue was harvested from human embryos and lung surgical specimens from young and adult subjects. Tissue, bronchial epithelial cells and also A549 cells were pre-treated for 24 h with cytokines that mimic Th1 environment (IFNy, 10ng/ml), Th2 (IL-4 and/or IL-13, 10ng/ml) and bacterial infection (LPS, 1μg/ml) before being infected with RSV A at MOI=1 for 48 h. In the initial experiments cytokines were also added to the cells after the RSV infection.  RSV replication was greater in the embryonic tissue compared to adult.  Incubation with LPS increased viral infection in tissues and lowered it in A549, IFNy always reduced RSV replication and Th2 cytokines had variable effects but reduced viral infection in A549.  The effects of the cytokine milieu persisted even after pre-treatment alone, suggesting the impact of epithelial priming may be longstanding.  These early data suggest that the cytokine environment can impact on subsequent responses to viral infection with differential effects possibly under epigenetic influence.
Re: Kim et al.: Diagnostic classification of macular ganglion cell and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis: differentiation of false-positives from glaucoma (Ophthalmology 2015;122:502-10)
Authors: Gema Rebolleda, Marina Leal-Fonseca, Javier Moreno-Montañés, Pilar Casas-Llera, Francisco J. Muñoz-Negrete
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
Seek and Ye Shall Find: Subclonal Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Mutations
Authors: Rani E. George
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Bellini and colleagues demonstrate the importance of next-generation sequencing to uncover subclonal anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations in neuroblastoma. Although the significance of these subclonal aberrations is not yet understood, deep sequencing could identify patients whose tumors may respond to ALK inhibitors.
Effect of PR-8 Viral Respiratory Infection on Benzo[a] pyrene Hydroxylase Activity in BALB/c Mice2
Authors: Thomas H. Corbett, Paul Nettesheim
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

PR-8 virus infection in the respiratory tract of BALB/c mice decreased the benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity in the lung tissue to 10% of control levels without affecting the enzyme activity in the liver. The virus infection also partially inhibited the induction of this enzyme in lung tissue.
Overall survival (OS) in ATLAS, a phase IIIb trial comparing bevacizumab (B) therapy with or without erlotinib (E) after completion of chemotherapy (chemo) with B for first-line treatment of locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: F. F. Kabbinavar, V. A. Miller, B. E. Johnson, P. G. O'Connor, C. Soh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

7526 Background: The ATLAS study (n=768) was designed to evaluate B (15 mg/kg q3w)+ E (150 mg qd) vs. B + placebo (PL) following B + platin-containing doublet chemo in patients (pts) with stage IIIb/IV NSCLC. The trial met its primary (1°) endpoint of improving PFS. Median PFS was 4.8 mo for B + E vs. 3.7 mo for B + PL (HR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.59–0.88, p=0.0012). The safety profile for B + E was consistent with known profiles for B and E. Here we report on OS, a secondary endpoint. Methods: Enrolled pts were B-eligible (including pts with treated brain metastases and pts receiving low MW heparins); peripheral and/or extrathoracic squamous tumors allowed. Pts received 4 cycles of B (15 mg/kg q3w) + platinum-containing doublet chemo. Pts who did not progress after 4 cycles of B + chemo and had no significant toxicity were randomized to receive B + E or B + PL as maintenance therapy. OS was defined as time from randomization to death. The study was not powered to detect OS difference. The 1° OS analysis was prespecified to occur at the time of primary PFS analysis (July 18, 2009 cutoff). At the time of primary OS analysis, few death events had occurred (31% of pts had died). Two post-hoc analyses of OS, after more death events had occurred, were performed (data cutoffs, January 28 and June 19, 2009). Results: See Table. An equal percentage (39.7%) of patients in the B + E and B + PL arms received subsequent therapy with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Conclusions: For pts treated in the first-line setting for locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic NSCLC, the addition of E to B after chemotherapy significantly improved PFS and may also provide OS benefit. Clinical and biomarker subset data will be presented. Data Cutoff Patients with events n/N (%) Median OS (mo) B+E vs. B HR (95% CI) p value July 18, 2008 (prespecified) 228/743 (31) 14.4 vs. 13.3 0.92 (0.70–1.21) 0.5604 January 28, 2009 357/768* (46) 14.4 vs. 13.6 0.90 (0.73–1.12) 0.3574 June 19, 2009 439/768* (57) 15.9 vs. 13.9 0.90 (0.74–1.09) 0.2686 * 25 pts were randomized after cutoff for main analysis of PFS. ** HR and p value based on prespecified, stratified analysis. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Genentech, KEW Group (Diagnostics), Millennium, Pfizer, Roche Celgene, Roche Genentech, Roche Genzyme
&lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; Transformation by an Avian Adenovirus (CELO). I. Hamster-Embryo Fibroblastic Cultures&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Jeffrey Anderson, Vance J. Yates, V. Jasty, Lawrence O. Mancini
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Chicken-embryo-lethal-orphan (CELO) virus was shown to transform hamster-embryo fibroblastic cells in vitro. The first signs of infection were at 24 hours when pyramidal or stellate cell forms were observed in a disorganized growth pattern. After 4 passages fibroblastic elements gave way to epithelioid-like cells. Virus production decreased as the number of transformed cells increased. A virus-specific intranuclear “T” antigen was observed in most cells by immunofluorescent techniques. Cells from the seventh and twelfth passages induced fibrosarcomas when inoculated subcutaneously into hamsters 3–4 weeks old.
Interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary vasculitis in a patient taking an L-tryptophan preparation
Authors: Y Bogaerts, D Van Renterghem, J Vanvuchelen, M Praet, P Michielssen, V Blaton, JP Willemot
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

A case is presented of interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary vasculitis ascribed to the ingestion of an L-tryptophan preparation. An unintended rechallenge supported the causal relationship. There was neither myalgia nor peripheral eosinophilia. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contained 12% eosinophils but few were present in the surgical lung biopsy specimen. Lung infiltrates receded after withdrawal of the drug and treatment with steroids. Dyspnoea and pulmonary hypertension persisted. Cyclophosphamide had no effect. Sclerodermiform skin lesions appeared as a late sequel. Chromatographic analysis of the L-tryptophan revealed no suspect impurities.
Prostanoids and cough response to capsaicin in asthma and chronic bronchitis
Authors: M Fujimura, Y Kamio, K Kasahara, T Bando, T Hashimoto, T Matsuda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Cyclooxygenase products are released by chronic airway inflammation. Our working hypothesis for the present study was that prostanoids augment airway cough sensitivity. The effects of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (100 mg.day-1 for 4 days), and a thromboxane synthesis inhibitor, OKY-046 (400 mg.day-1 for 4 days), on cough response to inhaled capsaicin were examined in eight patients with asthma, 10 patients with chronic bronchitis, and 10 normal subjects. Capsaicin cough threshold, the lowest concentration of capsaicin eliciting five or more coughs, was measured as an index of airway cough sensitivity. In asthmatics, the cough thresholds with indomethacin treatment (15.7 (GSEM 1.38) microM) and OKY-046 (10.2 (GSEM 1.20) microM) were significantly greater than the value with placebo (6.05 (GSEM 1.25) microM). In patients with chronic bronchitis, the cough threshold was significantly greater with indomethacin (5.94 (GSEM 1.50) microM) than with placebo (3.41 (GSEM 1.33) microM and OKY-046 2.97 (GSEM 1.43) microM). In normal subjects, the capsaicin cough threshold was not altered by indomethacin or OKY-046 treatment. These results support our hypothesis and suggest that thromboxane A2 may be one of the cyclooxygenase products augmenting airway cough sensitivity in asthma, but not in chronic bronchitis.