tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced expression of actin-binding proteins, h-caldesmon and calponin h1, in the vascular smooth muscle inside melanoma lesions: an adverse prognostic factor for malignant melanoma
Authors: Y. Koganehira, M. Takeoka, T. Ehara, K. Sasaki, H. Murata, T. Saida, S. Taniguchi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background The structural integrity of the blood vessels such as small arteries and veins is studied less frequently in malignant tumours than is angiogenesis. Objectives To clarify the characteristics of small arteries and small veins of melanoma lesions. Methods We immunohistochemically investigated various types of melanocytic tumours using antibodies specific for endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, and analysed the relationship between the expression of these molecules in the blood vessels and the biological characteristics of the tumours. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 15 cases of benign melanocytic tumours and 64 cases of malignant melanomas were investigated. Results Significant suppression of expression of h-caldesmon (h-CD) and calponin h1 (CNh1) was observed in the blood vessels of malignant melanomas compared with both benign melanocytic tumours and normal tissues. In particular, the level of h-CD expression was inversely correlated with the frequency of metastasis and positively correlated with the survival rate in patients with malignant melanoma. Conclusions These findings suggest that alterations of the tumour vessels are an important factor for the prognosis of malignant melanoma, and that suppression of h-CD and CNh1 in the blood vessels in malignant melanoma reflects a structural fragility of the vessels, leading to their easy penetration by tumour cells. Defective expression of these molecules is likely to be an important marker for metastatic potential and for poor prognosis of melanoma.
Longitudinal Associations Between Binge Eating and Overeating and Adverse Outcomes Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Kendrin R. Sonneville, Nicholas J. Horton, Nadia Micali, Ross D. Crosby, Sonja A. Swanson, Francesca Solmi, Alison E. Field
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2012)

To investigate the association between overeating (without loss of control) and binge eating (overeating with loss of control) and adverse outcomes.Prospective cohort study.Adolescents and young adults living throughout the United States.Sixteen thousand eight hundred eighty-two males and females participating in the Growing Up Today Study who were 9 to 15 years old at enrollment in 1996.Overeating and binge eating assessed via questionnaire every 12 to 24 months between 1996 and 2005.Risk of becoming overweight or obese, starting to binge drink frequently, starting to use marijuana, starting to use other drugs, and developing high levels of depressive symptoms. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate associations. All models controlled for age and sex; additional covariates varied by outcome.Among this large cohort of adolescents and young adults, binge eating was more common among females than males. In fully adjusted models, binge eating, but not overeating, was associated with incident overweight/obesity (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.11-2.69) and the onset of high depressive symptoms (odds ratio, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.40-3.45). Neither overeating nor binge eating was associated with starting to binge drink frequently, while both overeating and binge eating predicted starting to use marijuana and other drugs.Although any overeating, with or without loss of control, predicted the onset of marijuana and other drug use, we found that binge eating is uniquely predictive of incident overweight/obesity and the onset of high depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that loss of control is an important indicator of severity of overeating episodes.
Molecular Phylogeny and Divergence Times of Deuterostome Animals
Authors: Jaime E. Blair, S. Blair Hedges
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

The phylogenetic relationships among deuterostome animals have been debated for many years, and a diversity of hypotheses have been proposed based on both morphological and molecular data. Here we have assembled sequences of 217 nuclear-encoded proteins to address specific questions concerning their relationships and times of origin. We recovered significant support for urochordates as the closest relative of vertebrates with an analysis of 59 proteins (17,400 amino acids) and suggest that the basal position of urochordates found in previous molecular studies may have been the result of long-branch attraction biases. Our results also support Ambulacraria, the pairing of hemichordates with echinoderms (nine proteins; 2,382 amino acids), and Cyclostomata, the pairing of lampreys with hagfish (25 proteins; 6,895 amino acids). In addition, 325 shared proteins (102,110 amino acids) were obtained from the complete genomes of six vertebrates and a urochordate for phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimation. An evolutionary timescale was estimated using a local (Bayesian) molecular clock method. We found that most major lineages of deuterostomes arose prior to the Cambrian Explosion of fossils (∼520 MYA) and that several lineages had originated before periods of global glaciation in the Precambrian.
Effects of captopril on ischemia and dysfunction of the left ventricle after myocardial infarction.
Authors: P Søgaard, C O Gøtzsche, J Ravkilde, K Thygesen
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors has been shown to be beneficial in patients with heart failure and myocardial infarction. Experimental studies have shown beneficial effects on the ischemic myocardium.The effects of captopril were evaluated in 64 patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The patients were randomized at day 7 to either placebo or captopril (50 mg daily) in a double-blind parallel study over a period of 6 months. The patients were followed up by means of ambulatory ECG monitoring, bicycle ergometer testing, and echocardiographic examination. The duration of ST segment depression detected during ambulatory ECG monitoring was lower in the captopril group (87 minutes) than in the placebo group (638 minutes) (p < 0.001), and the number of patients in the captopril group with exercise-induced ST segment depression (p < 0.01) was lower at the completion of the study. The working capacity increased during the study period from 540 +/- 47 seconds to 738 +/- 41 seconds (p < 0.01) in the captopril group and was higher than that in the placebo group (530 +/- 43 seconds, p < 0.01) at the end of the study. Furthermore, a significant dilation of the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes was observed in the placebo group (p < 0.05); this was prevented in the captopril group where, in addition, a reduction in end-systolic volume was observed (p < 0.05).Captopril has a favorable effect on the dysfunctioning myocardium after myocardial infarction inasmuch as the ischemic burden is reduced, the working capacity is increased, dilation of the left ventricle is prevented, and systolic function is improved.
Clinical Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Marvin E. Levin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

New texts on diabetes and new editions of older ones are appearing with increasing frequency.<i>Clinical Diabetes Mellitus</i>, edited by Kozak, joins the group. Its 43 contributing authors comprise a large number of Boston's diabetologists. Despite these many authors, there is only minimal repetition or overlap of information. Better cross-referencing to other chapters would have been helpful. A large number of color plates are dramatic and extremely illustrative. The references are unique in that they refer to suggested reading rather than to specific references. The book is oriented primarily for the practicing physician. The clinical aspects of treatment are augmented by a large number of appendices, which cover urine testing, home blood glucose monitoring, diet exchange lists, the new insulins, insulin and glucagon administration, and insulin pumps. The book is inclusive and carries the reader through the etiology of diabetes, its natural history, and diagnosis. An algorithmic plan for the
Transcriptional regulation of endochondral ossification by HIF-2α during skeletal growth and osteoarthritis development
Authors: Taku Saito, Atsushi Fukai, Akihiko Mabuchi, Toshiyuki Ikeda, Fumiko Yano, Shinsuke Ohba, Nao Nishida, Toru Akune, Noriko Yoshimura, Takumi Nakagawa, Kozo Nakamura, Katsushi Tokunaga, Ung-il Chung, Hiroshi Kawaguchi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Mental Disorder and Violence: Personality Dimensions and Clinical Features
Authors: Paul G. Nestor
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: This review examines the role of personality dimensions in the greater rates of violence that have now been established to accompany certain classes of mental disorders. METHOD: Empirical studies are reviewed that have often used objective measures of personality and epidemiological samples with low levels of subject selection biases. RESULTS: The risk of violence may be understood in terms of four fundamental personality dimensions: 1) impulse control, 2) affect regulation, 3) narcissism, and 4) paranoid cognitive personality style. Low impulse control and affect regulation increase the risk for violence across disorders, especially for primary and comorbid substance abuse disorders. By contrast, paranoid cognitive personality style and narcissistic injury increase the risk for violence, respectively, in persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and in samples of both college students and individuals with personality disorders. CONCLUSIONS: This review supports the hypothesis that these four fundamental personality dimensions operate jointly, and in varying degrees, as clinical risk factors for violence among groups with these classes of mental disorders.
Changing Use of Antibiotics in Community-Based Outpatient Practice, 19911999
Authors: Michael A. Steinman, Ralph Gonzales, Jeffrey A. Linder, C. Seth Landefeld
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Judicious use of antibiotics can slow the spread of antimicrobial resistance. However, overall patterns of antibiotic use among ambulatory patients are not well understood.To study patterns of outpatient antibiotic use in the United States, focusing on broad-spectrum antibiotics.Cross-sectional survey in three 2-year periods (1991-1992, 1994-1995, and 1998-1999).The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a nationally representative sample of community-based outpatient visits.Patients visiting community-based outpatient clinics.Rates of overall antibiotic use and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (azithromycin and clarithromycin, quinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and second- and third-generation cephalosporins). All comparisons were made between the first study period (1991-1992) and the final study period (1998-1999).Between 1991-1992 and 1998-1999, antibiotics were used less frequently to treat acute respiratory tract infections, such as the common cold and pharyngitis. However, use of broad-spectrum agents increased from 24% to 48% of antibiotic prescriptions in adults (P < 0.001) and from 23% to 40% in children (P < 0.001). Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics increased across many conditions, increasing two- to threefold as a percentage of total antibiotic use for a variety of diagnoses in both adults and children. By 1998-1999, 22% of adult and 14% of pediatric prescriptions for broad-spectrum antibiotics were for the common cold, unspecified upper respiratory tract infections, and acute bronchitis, conditions that are primarily viral.Antibiotic use in ambulatory patients is decreasing in the United States. However, physicians are increasingly turning to expensive, broad-spectrum agents, even when there is little clinical rationale for their use.
P12.02 * BRAINSTEM HEMANGIOBLASTOMAS IN PATIENTS WITH VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE - SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: J. M. De Campos, D. Vinas, D. Aguirre, M. E. Kusak, C. Quijada, J. Montoya, J. Fortes
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) predisposes to the development of CNS hemangioblastomas. Brainstem hemangioblastomas present in 15 to 30% of VHL patients, particularly in the medulla. Hemangioblastomas at this location are characteristic and almost exclusive for VHL. There is scarce information about the most adequate management of these particular tumors. The objective of this work is to analyze the results of treatment at a VHL dedicated unit and following personal surgical criteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 2001 we have studied and treated 105 patients with VHL disease. Thirty three have presented brainstem hemangioblastomas. A microsurgical resection was performed of tumors when symptomatic and/or growing to a diameter of 1.5 cm. In all cases, neuronavigation and neurophysiology intraoperative monitorization (NIM) were used. All patients have a postoperative clinical and imaging follow up of at least 12 months (mean 47.37 m). Clinical evaluation has been monitored with McCormick and Karnofsky scales before surgery, at immediate postoperative, and 1, 6 and 12 months later. RESULTS: Twenty one surgical procedures were performed in sixteen patients, 9 males and 7 women, with mean age of 40.6 y (range 15-49 y), for resection of 26 brainstem hemangioblastomas. Mean tumor maximal diameter was 17.9 mm. Most frequent symptoms were sensory and motor disturbances, dizziness, and unsteadiness. Some cases presented very particular symptoms, as recurrent hiccup, persistent nausea, and dysphagia. Three patients were asymptomatic, and surgery was proposed because of rapid tumor growth up to more than 15 mm. All patients did well, improving their symptoms and maintaining or improving their functional level. CONCLUSIONS: The resection of brainstem hemangioblastomas in VHL patients can be followed by very good results, when indicated with specific criteria and performed in expert units. Neuronavigation and NIM are recommended tools for accurate and safe procedures. We recommend brainstem hemangioblastoma surgery just at the beginning of symptoms, and/or when tumor diameter grows equal to or exceeds 15 mm, in order to maximize the preservation of brainstem tissue and nearby vasculature shared by the tumor, providing the best functional recovery.
German drug agency approves mifepristone
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This brief article discusses the availability of mifepristone in Germany. The Federal Drug Agency in Berlin announced the approval of the application for sale of mifepristone from its French manufacturer, Laboratoires Exelgyn, Paris. The drug will be available to German women needing abortions during the first seven weeks of pregnancy. Administration of the drug should be followed two days later by the insertion of a prostaglandin pessary. The Social Democrat family minister, Christine Bergmann, has said that she considers the drug an important alternative to surgical abortion. However, it has met with disapproval from the Roman Catholic Church and some conservative politicians. Gynecologists have stressed that the final decision lies entirely with the woman seeking an abortion.
The Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy on Blood Pressure
Authors: Clyde M. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> After extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for renal lithiasis there is a statistically significant rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BPs).<sup>1</sup>In most patients, these increases are small and are not considered clinically significant. However, an appreciable percentage of patients develop hypertension severe enough to require treatment with antihypertensive medication, and this percentage increases with time.<sup>2</sup>For this reason the crucial statistic in any study of BP changes after ESWL is the incidence of increases in BP sufficient to warrant treatment. This information was provided by Lingeman and Kulb<sup>3</sup>in an initial publication on the subject. They reported that 24 (8%) of 295 patients had new onset of hypertension that required pharmacologic therapy within 1 year of undergoing ESWL. This report was subsequently confirmed by another, smaller study<sup>1</sup>in which seven (8%) of 91 patients had new onset of hypertension that required
Anesthesia, 2 vol
Authors: Jane Matjasko
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This text purports to be a comprehensive, current American reference work covering the entire field of anesthesia, with the focus on "major areas of new development in anesthesia that have occurred in the last 20 years." Miller and his 31 contributing authors have made a laudable attempt at bringing together in the two volumes (1,567 pages) a major portion of the current knowledge in anesthesiology, including supporting bibliography. The beginning chapters deal with preoperative evaluation and preparation of the patient, followed by intraoperative care, pharmacology and physiology of inhaled, intravenous, and local anesthetics, and cardiorespiratory physiology during anesthesia. Volume 2 begins by addressing hepatic, renal, cerebral, acid-base, and fluid and electrolyte physiology and pathophysiology, continues with anesthesia practice in the subspeciality areas (cardiothoracic, vascular, genitourinary, neurosurgical, obstetric, pediatric, geriatric, trauma, ophthalmologic, otolaryngologic), and concludes with chapters related to consultant anesthesia practice (pulmonary function testing, respiratory care, intensive care, chronic pain,
L-m-Tyrosine and Parkinsonism
Authors: George C. Cotzias
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Administrations of levodopa, which generates the primary catecholamine dopamine, or of the tertiary catecholamine apomorphine hydrochloride, have improved the symptoms of parkinsonism.<sup>1,2</sup>L-<i>m</i>-tyrosine generates the primary amine<i>m</i>-tyramine, which does not have a catechol configuration, not even an equivalent one. In experimental animals, however, L-<i>m</i>-tyrosine had induced manifestations similar to those induced by levodopa, which differed somewhat from those of apomorphine.<sup>3,4</sup>L-<i>m</i>-tyrosine was, therefore, proposed for the treatment of parkinsonism. These considerations produced two reasons for testing the effects of L-<i>m</i>-tyrosine on the symptoms of parkinsonism: (1) to determine whether or not the catechol moiety is necessary for the therapeutic actions of amines in this disease, and (2) to determine whether or not reactions of animals to a new drug can be extrapolated into therapy on the basis of their being similar to those of an
My only sermon
Authors: H V Wyatt
Journal: BMJ (2001)

We examined the relations between bronchial reactivity, baseline FEV1, and annual decline of height corrected FEV1 (delta FEV1/ht3) over 7.5 years in 227 men (117 smokers, 71 ex-smokers, and 39 non-smokers). Men with a clinical diagnosis of asthma or receiving bronchodilator treatment were excluded. Bronchial reactivity was determined as the provocation concentration (PC20) of inhaled histamine sufficient to reduce FEV1 by 20%; subjects were divided into reactors (PC20 less than or equal to 16 mg/ml) and non-reactors (PC20 greater than 16 mg/ml). Thirty per cent of smokers, 24% of ex-smokers, and 5% of non-smokers were reactors. When smokers who were reactors were compared with non-reactors, the reactors showed a lower baseline FEV1 as percentage predicted in 1981-2 (85% v 108%), and a faster delta FEV1/ht3 (14.1 v 9.2 ml/y/m3). Baseline FEV1 correlated with PC20 in both smokers (rs = 0.51) and ex-smokers (rs = 0.61), and all 15 subjects with an FEV1 under 80% of the predicted value were reactors. In ex-smokers delta FEV1/ht3 was similar in reactors and non-reactors (m 9.0 v 7.4 ml/y/m3), despite significant differences in baseline FEV1. When analysis was confined to men with a baseline FEV1 over 80% predicted, the prevalence of reactors was significantly increased among smokers and slightly increased among ex-smokers compared with non-smokers, though the mean FEV1 was higher in the non-smokers. Bronchial reactivity was not increased in smokers aged 35 years or less. In smokers delta FEV1/ht3 was faster in those with a personal history of allergy (usually allergic rhinitis), but was not related to a family history of allergic disease, total serum immunoglobulin E level, absolute blood eosinophil count, or skinprick test score. delta FEV1/ht3 was also faster in all subjects taking beta blocker drugs. Thus increased bronchial reactivity was associated with accelerated decline of FEV1 in smokers. Although the association could be a consequence of a lower lower baseline FEV1, a trend towards increased reactivity was found in smokers with normal baseline FEV1 and delta FEV1/ht3 was dissociated from increased reactivity in ex-smokers. These findings are compatible with the "Dutch hypothesis," but the association between allergic features and accelerated delta FEV1/ht3 was relatively weak, and increased reactivity may follow rather than precede the onset of smoking.
Retrograde coronary venous myocardial contrast echocardiography in humans: Can coronary venous retroinfusion deliver pharmacologic agents to the myocardium?
Authors: Kazuhiko Nishida, Kazuhisa Kodama, Masayoshi Mishima, Shinsuke Nanto, Atsushi Hiravama, Young-Jae Lim, Kazuo Komamura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Referral of mothers and infants for intensive care.
Authors: M L Chiswick
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In our survey2 we found in the five types of schools where a cold buffet was offered that the average food per plate provided 10-25 IO less than the hot meal in the same school both for energy and for protein.At that time we were considering whether or not the target was being achieved and this greater shortfall with the cold buffet indicated that it was not getting as near the target as was the hot meal.However, since children vary so much in their needs perhaps, when offered a choice, they select what they need rather than what the nutritionist thinks that, on average, they ought to have.On this basis there might be an actual saving in the cost of food if the children were offered a choice instead of the traditional approach.Cerainly sandwiches, beans on toast, and similar snacks which are usually looked down on can be as nutritious as a traditional hot meal.
Guidelines for a training programme in intensive care medicine
Authors: L. G. Thijs, G. Baltopoulos, D. Bihari, H. Burchardi, J. Carlet, R. Chioléro, L. Dragsted, D. J. Edwards, P. Ferdinande, F. Giunta, A. Kari, W. Kox, M. Planas, J. L. Vincent, J. Pfenninger, K. E. Edberg, D. Floret, M. Leijala, F. K. Tegtmeyer
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1996)
Alcohol, women, and the young: the same old problem?
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Those who treat alcoholics have over the last decade observed an increase in the number of women and young people in their units.1 This has led to the idea that not only is the prevalence of all alcohol problems increasing but that the increase among women and the young may be proportionately steeper. But, as Roberta Ferrence has pointed out, it is a well known psycho? logical phenomenon that people tend to overestimate the proportion of persons in a group who belong to a visible minority, particularly when their presence is unexpected.2 So are there more women and young people with alcohol problems, and if there are why should this be so ? Moreover, should these groups be placed in a special category when strategies for prevention and treatment are considered ?