tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Time Spent Seeking Medical Care in the United States
Authors: Kristin N. Ray, Amalavoyal V. Chari, John Engberg, Marnie Bertolet, Ateev Mehrotra
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

This Research Letter examined data from the American Time Use Survey and found that time waiting for or obtaining medical care was significantly longer for racial/ethnic minorities, individuals with less education, and individuals who are unemployed.
Transplantability of an X-Ray-Induced and a Virus-Induced Leukemia in Isoiogous Mice Inoculated With a Leukemia Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Leo Sachs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Inoculation with Moloney leukemia virus (MLV), but not with polyoma virus (PV) or culture fluid from an X-ray-induced leukemia (RL), inhibited the growth of isoiogous transplants of an MLV-induced leukemia. No inhibitory effect of inoculation with MLV or RL fluid was found on the growth of isoiogous transplants of an X-ray-induced leukemia. Inoculation with MLV also did not inhibit the growth of isoiogous transplants of a PV-induced tumor. The results indicate that the MLV-induced leukemia has acquired a new cellular antigen; that this antigen is different from the new cellular antigen in PV-induced mouse tumors; and that the MLV-induced antigen does not seem to be present in the X-ray-induced leukemia. The new antigen was maintained in the MLV-induced leukemia for at least 64 transplant generations. It is stressed that such experiments with leukemia provide a simple method for a comparison of new antigens induced by the known leukemia viruses and new antigens in leukemias induced by physical and chemical agents.
Clinical characteristics of patients with repeated systemic reactions during specific immunotherapy with hymenoptera venoms.
Authors: B. Rzany, B. Przybilla, R. Jarisch, W. Aberer, R. Dietschi, B. Wüthrich, B. Bühler, P. Frosch, J. Rakoski, H. Kiehn, W. Kuhn, R. Urbanek, J. Ring
Journal: Allergy (1991)

In general, specific immunotherapy with hymenoptera venoms can be considered as safe, but occasionally there are patients who cannot reach the maintenance dose due to repeated systemic reactions (RSR) or who suffer from RSR during maintenance therapy. In a multicenter retrospective study comprising seven departments in Germany, Austria and Switzerland 23 patients with RSR were reported from approximately 3000 patients treated with hymenoptera venoms (bee and wasp venom to approximately equivalent frequency). From these, 22 were allergic to bee venom and only one to vespid venom. In general the clinical symptoms of RSR were milder than the initial reaction. But 4/23 (18%) exhibited cardiovascular reactions up to full shock. Neither anamnestic details, reactivity in skin tests or in vitro tests revealed a special pattern of patients with RSR. In some patients, however, an extremely high reactivity in the skin test was found and may indicate the possibility of further RSR.
Abstract 13299: Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-1) Reduces Chemokines and Recruitment of Monocytes Into Atherosclerotic Plaque: Potential Mechanism Mediating IGF-1-induced Atheroprotection
Authors: Sergiy Sukhanov, Patricia Snarski, Patrick Delafontaine
Journal: Circulation (2014)

We have shown that IGF-1 infusion decreased atherosclerotic plaque burden and macrophage content in Apoe-/- mice. We hypothesized that IGF-1 suppressed recruitment of circulating monocytes (MN) into plaque. Apoe-/- mice on a Western diet for 8 wks received IGF-1 (25 ug i.p. daily, 1 wk) and red latex beads (2.5% wt/vol in PBS, i.v., specifically taken up by MN). IGF-1 reduced Mac3 (macrophage marker)-positive/red-labeled cells in plaque (1.05±0.3, IGF-1 vs.1.8±0.2 cells/plaque, control) without changes in labeled splenic MN. Similarly, chronic IGF-1 delivery (1.5 mg/kg/d, 4 wks, mini-pumps) decreased labeled plaque MN (1.3±0.3, IGF-1 vs. 2.6±0.4 cells/plaque, control). Conversely, mice with MN/macrophage-specific IGF-1 receptor deficiency (LCFIR) had increased labeled plaque MN (5.73±0.8, LCFIR vs. 2.33±0.4 cells/plaque, control). MN chemotaxis is mediated by multiple chemokines/chemokine receptors. 6T/E mice are congenic mice on Apoe-/- background that have a 20% decline in circulating IGF-I and increase...
Inhibitory Effect of a Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) on Aflatoxin B1 Carcinogenesis in Rainbow Trout (Saimo gairdneri)2, 3
Authors: Jerry D. Hendricks, Teryl P. Putnam, Donald D. Bills, Russell O. Sinnhuber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Inhibitory Effect of a Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) on Aflatoxin B1 Carcinogenesis in Rainbow Trout (Saimo gairdneri), Get access Jerry D. Hendricks, Jerry D. Hendricks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Teryl P. Putnam, Teryl P. Putnam Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald D. Bills, Donald D. Bills Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Russell O. Sinnhuber Russell O. Sinnhuber Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 5, November 1977, Pages 1545–1551, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.5.1545 Published: 01 November 1977 Article history Received: 19 April 1977 Accepted: 27 June 1977 Published: 01 November 1977
Clinical and radiological predictors of post-procedure pneumothorax complicating CT-guided lung biopsy
Authors: Robert Scott, Matthew Patterson, Stephen Cooper, Michael Dean, Anur Guhan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

INTRODUCTION: CT-guided lung biopsy (CTLB) is a common diagnostic test in the work-up of peripheral lung lesions. Post CTLB Pneumothoraces (PT) are a recognised complication. The BTS CTLB guidelines recommend this should be < 20.5%, with 3.1% requiring intercostal chest drainage (ICD). Pre-CTLB spirometry is recommended. Pre-CTLB DLCO measurement is not explicitly recommended.

OBJECTIVES: To ascertain by a retrospective audit of our CTLB practice in two Ayrshire Hospitals, our post-CTLB PT rate and its management and identify clinical or radiological factors that could have predicted the complication.

METHODS: Case notes and radiological images of 131 patients who had CTLB in 2012 were perused for patient demographics, radiological size of the lesion, its depth from the pleura, presence of emphysema around the lesion, DLCO measurements (whether performed before or after CTLB) and post-CTLB PT and its management.

RESULTS: Among 131 CTLB patients, there were 39 (30%) PT. 6(4.6%) required ICD. Only 30% had PFTs before CTLB. PT rates were higher with smaller and deeper lesions, emphysema around the lesion, and with reduced DLCO values.

CONCLUSIONS: Our post-CTLB PT rate was higher than the BTS recommendations. Given the correlation between DLCO and risk of PT, measuring DLCO prior to all CTLB could be one change of practice that could potentially help reduce or predict this complication.

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TGFβ1-induced extracellular matrix production enhances airway smooth muscle cell proliferation
Authors: T.A. Oenema, L. Smedinga, G. Mensink, A.J. Halayko, J. Zaagsma, H. Meurs, R. Gosens, B.G.J. Dekkers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) is an important mediator in airway remodelling. TGFβ1 overexpression in mice induces airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia, one of the characteristics of airway remodelling in asthma. The mechanisms underlying this response are unclear. As studies of ASM cell proliferation showed that TGFβ1 alone has very weak mitogenic properties, combined effects with other factors such as Gq- or Gi-protein coupled receptor agonists may be involved. Here, we hypothesized that the mitogenic effects of TGFβ1 on ASM are indirect and require prolonged exposure to allow deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. To address this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of acute and prolonged treatment with TGFβ1 (2 ng/mL), alone and in combination with the muscarinic receptor agonist methacholine (MCh, 10μM) on human ASM cell (hASMc) proliferation. TGFβ1 had no acute effect on hASMc proliferation. However, pretreatment with TGFβ1 for 7 days increased hASMc proliferation, and potentiated the mitogenic response to PDGF. The presence of MCh during TGFβ1 pretreatment considerably enhanced this effect of TGFβ1. Interestingly, the TGFβ1-induced effects on cell proliferation as well as the potentiating effects of MCh were inhibited by the integrin-blocking peptide RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser), whereas RGDS had no direct effect on hASMc proliferation. Accordingly, pretreatment with TGFβ1 induced an increase in fibronectin protein expression, which was enhanced by MCh stimulation. In conclusion, our results indicate that pretreatment with TGFβ1 enhances hASMc proliferation, which is mediated by ECM proteins and enhanced by muscarinic receptor agonists.
In Vitro Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity to the Transmissible Venereal Tumor of the Dog23
Authors: Dan Cohen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Cell-mediated immunity to the transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) of the dog was studied by use of a 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of dogs in which the TVT had regressed were shown to be cytotoxic to the tumor cells in contrast to PBL of normal dogs and animals during progressive tumor growth, which were not cytotoxic. In addition, sera of dogs in which the TVT had regressed could be demonstrated to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) with normal dog lymphocytes or cytotoxic PBL as effector cells. With cytotoxic lymphocytes, the ADCC effect could be observed in addition to the direct cytotoxic effect.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Bachir Taouli
Journal: Liver Cancer (2009)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic malignancy, accounting for 90% of primary liver neoplasms and is responsible for up to 1 million deaths annually worldwide (Fung and Marsh, 2002). The major risk factor for HCC is cirrhosis. All types of cirrhoses predispose to HCC, but the incidence is particularly high in patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBV), chronic hepatitis C (HCV), and in alcoholic liver disease. HCC develops by sequential steps from low grade dysplastic nodules to frank malignant HCC. The recognition of HCC is critical because curative treatment (including surgical resection and liver transplantation) and prognosis depend on early diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate for untreated, symptomatic HCC is < 5% (El-Serag and Mason, 1999), whereas the 5-year survival rate in patients with cirrhosis who have a small (< 2 cm) HCC lesion and undergo liver transplantation is 80%; therefore, the detection of small HCC is highly critical to patient outcome (Mazzaferro et al., 1996).
Elevated expression of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase mRNA in scleroderma
Authors: None Ohtsuka, None Koibuchi, None Matsuzaki, None Yamakage, None Yamazaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Using in situ hybridization techniques, we examined the expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA in the skin of five patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and five normal controls. Sections treated with an anti-sense probe showed concentrated grains exclusively in the epidermis of SSc patients, but not in that of normal controls. Because our subcloned anti-sense probe specifically hybridizes with ODC mRNA, these findings indicate that the expression of ODC mRNA is elevated in SSc epidermis. Possibly polyamines have an important part to play in the skin changes of SSc.
Risk of overtreatment with current peak flow criteria in self-management plans. Dutch CNSLD Study Group. Chronic Non-Specific Lung Disease
Authors: WR Douma, HA Kerstjens, JM Rooyackers, GH Koeter, DS Postma
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Home peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements have become the cornerstone of asthma self-management plans. However, the cut-off values for changing treatment have not been formally tested. This study focusses on the possible overtreatment brought about by the different cut-off values and denominators currently employed. Data from 133 clinically stable asthmatic patients from a 2.5 yr follow-up study were analysed. The results showed that strict adherence to current criteria would lead to severe overtreatment, with up to 30% of clinically stable patients crossing into the lowest (red) zone at least once a year when personal best is the denominator and when it has not been limited to a defined time of day or to defined prior bronchodilator use. As expected, the passage of clinically stable patients into the lower zones became less frequent when cut-off values were sharpened and when time- and treatment-specific PEFs were used as the denominators. Strict adherence to commonly used peak expiratory flow cut-off values would lead to considerable overtreatment. In order to avoid overtreatment, the morning peak expiratory flow before any (bronchodilator) treatment should be related to the personal best peak expiratory flow measured under the same conditions. The choice of the right cut-off value will also depend on studies being performed to test the amount of undertreatment with a given value.
Nitrofurantoin-induced interstitial lung disease
Authors: Suhail Basunaid, M. Schoutteten, H. Pilate, R. Sprooten, Gernot Rohde
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Nitrofurantoin is widely used for UTI prophylaxis. Long-term use is known to be able to cause serious adverse effects including pulmonary and hepatic toxicity. The prevalence of nitrofurantoin-induced pulmonary injury is on the increase again as the drug regains popularity as a urinary antiseptic.  We describe a previously healthy 83-year-old woman who presented to our emergency department in January 2012 with progressive dyspnoea since 2 weeks. This was not preceded by cough. She had no fever, wheezing, chest pain, or sputum production. She was a 50 pack-year ex-smoker. She had no previous exposure to tuberculosis or industrial chemicals. However, she suffered from recurrent symptomatic urinary tract infections.  On examination she appeared dyspnoeic. She was afebrile and normotensive with respiratory rate of 31 per minute and oxygen saturation was 91% while receiving supplementary oxygen at a flow of 5 liter per minute. Respiratory examination revealed fine inspiratory crackles throughout both lungs. Arterial blood gas showed hypoxia with paO2 5.4 kPa (without oxygen suppletion), paO2 8.3 kPa (with 5 liter/min oxygen suppletion) and complete compensation of respiratory acidosis with pH 7.37, and PaCO2 6.9 kPa on 5 liter oxygen suppletion with base excess 2.9 mmol/l. Chest x-ray showed diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrates.  Initial treatment with co-amoxiclav was initiated. CT scanning of the chest showed widespread ground-glass appearance in both lungs with organising pneumonia. A diagnosis of nitrofurantoin-induced interstitial lung disease (NIILD) was suspected. Nitrofurantoin was subsequently stopped and prednisone treatment at 30 mg OD was initiated. Follow-up chest X-ray showed marked improvement.
Geographic Clustering of <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia in Patients with HIV Infection
Authors: MICHAEL N. DOHN, MICHAEL L. WHITE, ELLEN M. VIGDORTH, C. RALPH BUNCHER, VICKI S. HERTZBERG, ROBERT P. BAUGHMAN, A. GEORGE SMULIAN, PETER D. WALZER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

To detect whether there was geographic clustering of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia cases among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we performed a retrospective analysis of a clinical database. The rates of pneumocystosis were analyzed by zip code zones for evidence of geographical clustering. During the study period, 118 patients at our AIDS Treatment Center had a first episode of P. carinii pneumonia. An analysis of the 24 zip code zones for which a P. carinii pneumonia rate was calculated (requiring a denominator of at least 10 known HIV- infected individuals residing in that zone) showed a trend toward geographic clustering (p = 0.07); when all 45 Cincinnati zip code zones were included in the analysis, clustering of cases was observed (p = 0.02). By contrast, no clustering was observed for 52 HIV-infected control subjects with respiratory disease or for 960 HIV-infected patients treated at our center during the same time period. These data raise intriguing questions about exposure to exogenous sources of P. carinii and suggest the need for prospective studies.
Differential socio-economic burden of chronic respiratory diseases in adults: Preliminary results from the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study
Authors: Simone Accordini, Angelo Corsico, Isa Cerveri, Massimiliano Bugiani, Pietro Pirina, Alessandro Fois, Leonardo Antonicelli, Lucio Casali, Pierpaolo Marchetti, Giang Nguyen, Maria Grazia Panico, Roberto de Marco
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Chronic respiratory diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We sought to evaluate their socio-economic burden among Italian adults.  In 2007/2010, a screening questionnaire was mailed up to 3 times to general population samples of adults (20-64 yr), and eventually given over the phone to the remaining non-responders, in 4 Italian centres (Pavia, Sassari, Turin, Verona) in the frame of the GEIRD study (response rate=55.4%). Ever asthma, chronic bronchitis (CB), allergic rhinitis, other respiratory conditions, and the absence of respiratory problems were defined on the basis of self-reported respiratory symptoms.  The percentages* of subjects who reported at least one emergency department (ED) visit/hospital admission and at least one working day lost because of health problems (apart from accidents and injuries) in the past 3 months are shown in this table:  The socio-economic burden was significantly different (p
Analysis of IL-6 function in transmaternal asthma protection induced by Acinetobacter Iwoffii
Authors: Dörthe Andrea Kesper, Olaf Pinkenburg, Petra Ina Pfefferle, Holger Garn, Harald Renz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  It has been shown in a mouse model that treatment of pregnant mice with the farm- derived bacterium Acinetobacter lwoffii F78 protects the progeny of these mice against experimental induced asthma but until now it is not clear how the protective effect is transmitted from the mother to the fetus.  Aim and subjectives:  To find out if the upregulation of IL-6 during the treatment of pregnant mice with Acintobacter lwoffii is involved in transmitting the asthma-protective effect from the mother to the offspring.  Methods:  To analyze the role of IL-6 in transmaternal asthma protection female IL-6 ko mice in a Balb/c background (IL-6 -/-) were treated with Acinetobacter lwoffii F78 and mated to wildtype males (IL-6 +/+). The heterozygous offspring (IL-6 +/-) was than sensitized and challenged with OVA to analyse the asthmatic phenotype. To rule out that already the loss of one copy of IL-6 affects the asthmatic phenotype without A. lwoffii treatment the asthmatic phenotype of IL-6 ko and IL-6 heterozygous mice was additionally analysed in an acute asthma model.  Results:  In the acute model IL-6 ko mice exhibit an exacerbated asthma phenotype with increased numbers of eosinophils in the BAL and augmented concentration of Th2 cytokines compared to the wildtype. The heterozygous mice show the same phenotype as wt mice. In the prenatal model the offspring of IL-6 ko female treated with A. lwoffii display a strong asthmatic phenotype.  Conclusions:  IL-6 might be involved in transmaternal asthma-protection induced by the farm-derived bacterium Acinetobacter lwoffii.
531 Hepatic inflammation is an important modulator of the circulatory disturbances in cirrhosis
Authors: R MOOKERJEE, S SEN, S HODGES, N DAVIES, L CHESHIRE, R WILLIAMS, R JALAN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC)is characterized by frequent recurrence and distant metastasis. Although lung metastasis in AdCC is very common, the mechanism by which this occurs is uncertain. When five AdCC cell lines(ACCS, ACCT, ACCH, Acc-3, and Acc-M) were screened for metastatic ability by injecting tumor cells into nude mice via the tail vein, lung metastases were found in mice injected with Acc-M (15/16 mice) but not in mice injected with any of the other four cell lines (0/10 mice with each line). To determine why Acc-M metastasizes to the lung but the others do not, we examined the biological characteristics of Acc-M and compared them with those of the other lines.Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) may play a key role in malignant tumor behaviors such as invasion and metastasis. Thus, we examined these cell lines for response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), one of the typical stimulators of NF-κB. Although treatment with TNF-α stimulated matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) expression in all cell lines, the response to TNF-α varied between cell lines; the greatest stimulation was observed in Acc-M. Acc-M expressed higher levels of TNF receptors (both TNF-R1 and TNF-R2) than did the other AdCC lines. Judging from inhibitor-κBα degradation and nuclear translocation and DNA binding by NF-κB, the degree of activation of NF-κB in response to TNF-α in Acc-M cell lines was very high compared to the other lines. Moreover, the ability of Acc-M cells to adhere to endothelial cells, which was greater than that of the other cell lines, was further enhanced by pretreatment with TNF-α. Acc-M cells also expressed higher levels of sialyl Lewisx than did the other AdCC cell lines. These findings suggest that lung metastasis is mediated by tumor-endothelial cell interaction, which is probably associated with the NF-κB activation pathway. Further experiments are required to identify the molecules that mediate both lung metastasis and NF-κB activation.