tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Univariate and multivariate analysis examining factors associated with enterocutaneous fistulae healing with development of a scoring system
Authors: G. Rahbour, S. Gabe, J. Warusavitarne, P. Tozer, N. Daulatzai, C. J. Vaizey
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The aim of the analysis was to examine factors associated with the fistulae healing at a national intestinal failure centre and secondly to devise a scoring system to predict this outcome. <h3>Methods</h3> Our study collected information from 177 consecutive patients managed with enterocutaneous fistulae over 8 years (January 2003–June 2010). Statistical analysis was undertaken using Stata software programme. Fistulae healing were measured on a binary scale. As a result of the binary nature of the outcome, all analysis was performed using logistic regression. Univariate analysis was performed on variables: age, co-morbidity, body mass index, source of referral, time to referral, aetiology, fistulae origin, fistulae complexity, fistulae output, presence of laparostomy, albumin on presentation, number of previous operations, time of surgery, bowel defunctioning. Odds ratio was used to reflect odds of fistulae healing in each category relative to a baseline. Multivariate analysis of the explanatory variables upon the outcomes was examined. The results were used to generate a scoring system for predicting fistulae healing. The scoring system was evaluated by comparing the predicted healing rate with that observed from the data. <h3>Results</h3> Comorbidity was strongly associated with fistulae healing (p=0.02). Patients from external sources were less likely to heal (p=0.05). Aetiology affected healing (p=0.06) and age (p=0.08). Multivariate analysis revealed co-morbidity (p=0.02), source of referral (p=0.01) and aetiology (p=0.006) all had a significant association with fistulae healing. A scoring system was devised with points attributed based on each point equated to a regression coefficient of approximately −1.2. Hence 2 points equated to a coefficient of −2.4. The predicted regression equation was logit (p) = log(p/(1−p)) = 6.3 − 1.2*Number of points. From this, the predicted probability of healing could be calculated. Predicted occurrences of fistulae healing were compared with those observed from the data. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Fistulae healing is affected by co-morbidity, source of referral and aetiology. There was an extremely good agreement between the observed and predicted percentage of patients that are healed within each category. This suggests that the model performs well for this dataset. The scoring system can provide further information to aiding management to the multidisciplinary team and long-term outcome. Further revision of the multivariate analysis and scoring system has been performed to make the system suitable for use at an external site. We are performing a retrospective validation on a second group of patients from a different centre.
Knowledge of emergency compulsory detention procedures among general practitioners in Edinburgh: sample survey
Authors: M. Humphreys, A. Ryman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

There is increasing concern about doctors' knowledge of statutory provision for care of the mentally disordered, particularly in relation to compulsory measures.1 In Scotland any fully registered medical practitioner may detain a patient in hospital for 72 hours given certain specific urgent circumstances, and with consent only where practicable. More than 3000 such admissions are recorded annually, not uncommonly initiated by a family doctor. We interviewed a sample of general practitioners working in Edinburgh to determine their understanding of this provision.

A 1 in 4 random sample of Edinburgh general practitioners (n = 70) was selected. Eight declined to take part and we could not contact 12 others. The 50 who were interviewed represented a wide range of age and seniority. Nineteen had had some experience in psychiatry. Questions …
Bone Imaging Agent Uptake with Hepatoblastoma
Authors: STUART C. MORRISON, LEE P. ADLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 9-month-old child had a large liver mass and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein. Computed tomography demonstrated a large lobulated liver mass with calcification that on biopsy proved to be a hepatoblastoma. Bone imaging identified increased uptake in the liver at the site of the hepatoblastoma. Calcification is commonly seen on CT imaging of hepatoblastomas but is very rarely identified on isotope bone imaging. Hepatoblastoma only rarely metastasizes to bone; most often it metastasizes to the lungs. Neuroblastoma commonly shows uptake on bone imaging and may metastasize to the liver. This differential diagnosis was excluded by the biopsy.
Minor tranquillisers and the care of children.
Authors: C Illingworth
Journal: BMJ (1979)

up to examine the long-term effects of therapy and also the incidence of second (possibly treatment-related) neoplasms.There is some evidence (from our own experience and the data of others1 2) that the incidence of testicular tumours is increasing.Agreement on treatment protocols and clinical studies and national co-operation on histologi- cal and staging assessments (including serum marker levels), which would result from setting up a national study group based on specialist treatment centres, should help ensure that the maximum possible number of these young men survive to enjoy a normal life span, and also lead to an increase in the understanding of the biology of this uncommon but interesting group of tumours.
Inappropriate Use of Hospitals in a Randomized Trial of Health Insurance Plans
Authors: Albert L. Siu, Frank A. Sonnenberg, Willard G. Manning, George A. Goldberg, Ellyn S. Bloomfield, Joseph P. Newhouse, Robert H. Brook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We examined geographic variation in the rate of inappropriate hospitalization and the effect of cost sharing on that rate. The medical records of 1132 adults hospitalized in a randomized trial of health insurance plans were reviewed by two physicians who were blinded to the patients' insurance plan. They judged 23 percent of the admissions to be inappropriate and an additional 17 percent to have been avoidable by the use of ambulatory surgery. The percentage of inappropriate admissions varied among six sites (from 10 to 35 percent), but areas with low total admission rates did not necessarily have low proportions of inappropriate admissions. In plans with cost sharing for all services, 22 percent of admissions and 34 percent of hospital days were classified as inappropriate, as compared with 24 percent of admissions and 35 percent of hospital days in the plan under which care was free to the patient (these differences were not statistically significant). Our data show that a substantial fraction of hospitalization is potentially avoidable. Because cost sharing did not selectively reduce inappropriate hospitalization, it is important to develop other mechanisms to do so.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha activates soluble guanylate cyclase in bovine glomerular mesangial cells via an L-arginine-dependent mechanism.
Authors: P A Marsden, B J Ballermann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) causes vasodilatation by activating soluble guanylate cyclase, and glomerular mesangial cells respond to NO with elevations of intracellular guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). We explored whether mesangial cells can be stimulated to produce NO and whether NO modulates mesangial cell function in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) raised mesangial cell cGMP levels in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (threshold dose 1 ng/ml, IC50 13.8 ng/ml, maximal response 100 ng/ml). TNF-alpha-induced increases in mesangial cGMP content were evident at 8 h and maximal at 18-24 h. The TNF-alpha-induced stimulation of mesangial cell cGMP production was abrogated by actinomycin D or cycloheximide suggesting dependence on new RNA or protein synthesis. Hemoglobin and methylene blue, both known to inhibit NO action, dramatically reduced TNF-alpha-induced mesangial cell cGMP production. Superoxide dismutase, known to potentiate NO action, augmented the TNF-alpha-induced effect. Ng-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) decreased cGMP levels in TNF-alpha-treated, but not vehicle-treated mesangial cells in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 53 microM). L-arginine had no effect on cGMP levels in control or TNF-alpha-treated mesangial cells but reversed L-NMMA-induced inhibition. Interleukin 1 beta and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not interferon gamma, also increased mesangial cell cGMP content. Transforming growth factor beta 1 blunted the mesangial cell response to TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha-induced L-arginine-dependent increases in cGMP were also evident in bovine renal artery vascular smooth muscle cells, COS-1 cells, and 1502 human fibroblasts. These findings suggest that TNF-alpha induces expression in mesangial cell of an enzyme(s) involved in the formation of L-arginine-derived NO. Moreover, the data indicate that NO acts in an autocrine and paracrine fashion to activate mesangial cell soluble guanylate cyclase. Cytokine-induced formation of NO in mesangial and vascular smooth muscle cells may be implicated in the pathogenesis of septic shock.
Cerebral Edema in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Albert I. Winegrad, Elizabeth F.O. Kern, David A. Simmons
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Cerebral edema causes or contributes to death in diabetic ketoacidosis under two distinct circumstances — in comatose patients and during treatment in conscious patients.In 1936 Dillon et al.1 found cerebral edema in eight patients, primarily adults who presented in coma after 1 to 3 days of ketoacidosis uncomplicated by infection and who died within 2 to 24 hours, after half had substantial improvements in hyperglycemia and acidemia. The terminal phase was marked by shock and fever, which usually developed after the start of treatment. All patients had widespread cerebral capillary dilation, endothelial-cell "degeneration," and perivascular and pericellular edema, without . . .
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Myeloperoxidase Deficiency in a Patient with Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: A Todd Davis, Richard D. Brunning, Paul G. Quie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

SINCE the elucidation of a bactericidal defect in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood,1 , 2 other abnormalities of leukocyte function have been reported. Lehrer and Cline have described a man with congenital absence of myeloperoxidase and a prolonged candida infection.3 In the following case myelomonocytic leukemia was associated with markedly deficient myeloperoxidase and abnormal neutrophil bactericidal function.Case ReportA 58-year-old man with acute myelomonocytic leukemia was treated with corticosteroids, antimetabolites and whole-blood transfusions for 7 months before admission to the University of Minnesota Hospital. Physical examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly and diffuse rales throughout both lungs. Thrush was noted on . . .
Doctors banned from drug company trip
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Israel's health minister, Yehoshua Matza, has banned 200 public sector doctors from attending a conference in Turkey organised and paid for by Teva, Israel's leading pharmaceutical company.

After consulting with his subordinates and the government's civil service commissioner, the minister ordered the unprecedented cancellation of the four day “junket” less than 24 hours before the …
Sheila Fay Dawson (Mrs Oleesky)
Authors: S. Oleesky
Journal: BMJ (2003)

An expert at setting up pathology laboratories in developing countriesBalbir Nehaul rose from humble beginnings to become Guyana's government pathologist and microbiologist, the first Guyanese person to be appointed to the post.His work included research into rabies transmitted by bats, trials of the new polio vaccines with American colleagues, and the introduction of childhood immunisation programmes in Guyana in the 1940s and 1950s.He travelled widely throughout the West Indies and the Americas and became recognised as an expert at setting up pathology laboratories in developing countries and training their staff.Colleagues visited Guyana and he visited their laboratories abroad.He and these colleagues shared ideas enthusiastically, enriching each other's practice and research.From 1960 to 1964 Dr Nehaul was deputy director of medical services in Guyana.From 1964 to 1970 he worked for the World Health Organization as a consultant, developing microbiology services and training staff in Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Nepal.Balbir Nehaul (known to his friends as "BG") was educated in Guyana and returned there after qualifying as a doctor in London.
Repair of infarcted myocardium using mesenchymal stem cell seeded small intestinal submucosa in rabbits
Authors: Mei Yun Tan, Wei Zhi, Ren Qian Wei, Yong Can Huang, Kun Peng Zhou, Bo Tan, Li Deng, Jing Cong Luo, Xiu Qun Li, Hui Qi Xie, Zhi Ming Yang
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Ethinylestradiol stimulates a biliary cholesterol-phospholipid cosecretion mechanism in the hamster
Authors: Frieder Berr, Frans Stellaard, Alwin Goetz, Claus Hammer, Gustav Paumgartner
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The mechanism of ethinylestradiol-induced biliary secretion of excess cholesterol, a potential causative factor of cholesterol gallstones, is not yet known. It might be related to altered bile acid metabolism, since the rate of cholesterol and phospholipid secreted into bile is thought to be influenced by the hydrophobicity of the bile acid species secreted. We therefore studied the effect of ethinylestradiol on bile acid metabolism and on secretory relationships between taurocholate and cholesterol/phospholipids in bile. Litter-matched Syrian female hamsters (80 to 100 gm body weight) were injected subcutaneously with either 0.2 ml per day corn oil (controls) or a pharmacologic dose of 5 mg per kg per day ethinylestradiol in corn oil (EE-hamsters; n = 6) for 5 days. On Day 6, bile was collected for 60 min (basal secretory rate) via a bile duct fistula after exclusion of the gallbladder. Then, a graded infusion of taurocholate was given for 110 to 130 min. Secretory rates (nmoles. min −1 . −1 liver) for bile acids, cholesterol and phospholipids were determined and their mutual “linkage coefficients” (nmoles of secretory increment per 1 nmole of bile acid secreted) calculated by linear regression analysis. EE-hamsters had higher (p &lt; 0.02) basal secretory rates of cholesterol (0.71 ± 0.21 vs. 0.45 ± 0.10) and phospholipids (5.74 ± 1.04 vs. 4.21 ± 0.73) than controls at comparable bile flow and bile salt secretion rates. Cholic acid pool size and the fractional composition of bile acid species in bile were similar. During graded taurocholate infusion, biliary secretion rates of bile acids were comparable (correlation coefficient = 0.90; p &lt; 0.02) in matched pairs. EE-hamsters had 60 and 67% higher linkage coefficients for cholesterol/bile acid secretion and phospholipid/bile acid secretion, whereas the linkage coefficient for cholesterol/phospholipid secretion and the y-intercepts of all regressions were not significantly different. In conclusion, ethinylestradiol administration to hamsters increases cholesterol and phospholipid output into bile without increasing the secretion of more hydrophobic bile acids. The unaltered cholesterol/phospholipid linkage suggests that a cholesterol-phospholipid cosecretion mechanism is stimulated.
Use of depot tranquilisers in disturbed adolescent girls.
Authors: M S Perinpanayagam, R A Haig
Journal: BMJ (1977)

district management team for all medical laboratory investigations performed in the district."The IMLS document on "Future Staffing in the Medical Laboratory Service" further states that "senior members of the profession decide the priority of work to be done and play a part in deciding on further and conse- quent tests."I assume that "profession" referred to in this paragraph means members of the IMLS.
Plasma protein profiles in early asthmatic responses to inhalation allergen challenge
Authors: T. Rhim, Y.‐S. Choi, B.‐Y. Nam, S. T. Uh, J. S. Park, Y.‐H. Kim, Y.‐K. Paik, C.‐S. Park
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Although mediators, such as lipids, cytokines, and chemokines, are related to the appearance of an IPR, there has been no reliable indicator to predict conditions for the appearance of an IPR. In this study, we adopted a proteomic approach to investigate the pathogenesis at the level of the plasma proteins and to develop plasma markers to predict the appearance of an IPR following an inhalation challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.p.). Sixteen mild asthmatics were recruited. Plasma was obtained before challenge and when a decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) values greater than 20% from the phosphate-buffered saline value was achieved during D.p. allergen challenge (positive responders), or at 60 min after the highest concentration of D.p. allergen was inhaled (negative responders). After comparing normalized volumes of the spots in the two groups, differentially expressed spots were identified using intra-gel digestion and mass spectrometric analysis. Before D.p. antigen challenge, four spots of gamma fibrinogen and its isoforms were significantly decreased and two spots of complement C3 fragments were significantly increased in the positive responders compared to the negative responders. After D.p. antigen challenge, complement C3 fragment was persistently higher, while gamma fibrinogen was lower in the positive responders than in the negative responders. A validation study using Western blotting showed that gamma fibrinogen expression in the IPR-positive asthmatics was significantly decreased compared to the average of the IPR-negative asthmatic control group. These results indicate that alterations in the complement cascade and fibrinogen may predispose patients to the appearance of an immediate response to D.p. allergen challenge and may provide plasma markers to predict the appearance of an IPR.
The Thyroid Hormone-Plasma Protein Complex in Man. I. Differences in Different States of Thyroid Function12
Authors: Milton W. Hamolsky, Haskell E. Ellison, A. Stone Freedberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

Mass.4For this discussion, we refer to a disease associated with increased activity of the autonomic nervous sys- tem, characterized by diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland, eye signs, tachycardia, tremor, hypermetabolism.It includes exophthalmic goiter, hyperthyroidism, Graves', Basedow's, or Parry's disease associated with diffuse toxic goiter.
Mining the 3′UTR of Autism-Implicated Genes for SNPs Perturbing MicroRNA Regulation
Authors: Varadharajan Vaishnavi, Mayakannan Manikandan, Arasambattu Kannan Munirajan
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders with polygenic etiology. The expression of many genes implicated in ASD is tightly regulated by various factors including microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs ~22 nucleotides in length that function to suppress translation by pairing with 'miRNA recognition elements' (MREs) present in the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs. This emphasizes the role played by miRNAs in regulating neurogenesis, brain development and differentiation and hence any perturbations in this regulatory mechanism might affect these processes as well. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present within 3'UTRs of mRNAs have been shown to modulate existing MREs or even create new MREs. Therefore, we hypothesized that SNPs perturbing miRNA-mediated gene regulation might lead to aberrant expression of autism-implicated genes, thus resulting in disease predisposition or pathogenesis in at least a subpopulation of ASD individuals. We developed a systematic computational pipeline that integrates data from well-established databases. By following a stringent selection criterion, we identified 9 MRE-modulating SNPs and another 12 MRE-creating SNPs in the 3'UTR of autism-implicated genes. These high-confidence candidate SNPs may play roles in ASD and hence would be valuable for further functional validation.
Increase in Circulating Products of Lipid Peroxidation in Smokers With IDDM
Authors: Giacomo Zoppini, Giovanni Targher, Tiziano Monauni, Giovanni Faccini, Elena Pasqualini, Carlo Martinelli, Maria L Zenari, Michele Muggeo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To measure plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, a product of lipid peroxidation, both in IDDM patients and in healthy control subjects and to examine whether smoking has a negative impact on the plasma MDA levels in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma total MDA concentration (as a thiobarbituric acid adduct by high-performance liquid chromatography) was measured in 56 young IDDM patients and in a group of 32 age-, sex-, BMI-, and smoking habit-matched healthy subjects. RESULTS Plasma MDA concentration in IDDM patients was significantly higher than that in healthy control subjects (mean ± SE: 0.95 ± 0.03 vs. 0.54 ± 0.03 μmol/l; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). After stratification by smoking status, it was seen that diabetic smokers had values of age, BMI, serum lipids, blood pressure, metabolic control, and diabetes duration and its chronic complications superimposable on those of their nonsmoking counterparts. Nevertheless, plasma MDA concentration was significantly higher in IDDM patients who smoked than in IDDM patients who didn't smoke (1.03 ± 0.4 vs. 0.87 ± 0.03 μmol/l; P = 0.002), without any sex difference with regard to MDA levels. CONCLUSIONS These data show an increase in circulating products of lipid peroxidation in young diabetic smokers, thus further supporting the clinical importance of discouraging the initiation of smoking as well as promoting its cessation in people with IDDM.
RIBAVIRIN SMALL-PARTICLE AEROSOL TREATMENT OF INFLUENZA
Authors: Vernon Knight, SamuelZ. Wilson, JohnM. Quarles, SharonE. Greggs, HarveyW. Mcclung, BarryK. Waters, RobertW. Cameron, JohnM. Zerwas, RobertB. Couch
Journal: The Lancet (1981)