tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TRANSFER OF EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS BY SERUM FROM THYROIDECTOMIZED DONORS
Authors: R. M. Nakamura, W. O. Weigle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

When rabbits were injected with 10.0 mg rabbit thyroglobulin in complete Freund's adjuvant, the earliest thyroid lesions were seen on day 5 and uniformly severe thyroid lesions were seen by day 14; these observations were not significantly different from the thyroid lesions observed at 1 and 2 months post-immunization. Pooled sera were obtained from immunized, thyroidectomized, and nonthyroidectomized donors on various days and transferred to normal recipient rabbits in different experiments. Successful transfer of thyroid lesions was seen when serum containing early antithyroglobulin antibody obtained from thyroidectomized donor animals at various times after immunization was injected into normal recipients in a sequential manner. Immunofluorescent studies of recipient thyroid glands showed focal fixation of rabbit gamma-globulin and beta(1C) complement in thyroid follicles. When purified antibody to rabbit thyroglobulin obtained from thyroidectomized donor sera was transferred sequentially as above, significant thyroid lesions were seen in recipient rabbits. In contrast, no thyroid lesions were seen in recipient animals injected with rabbit sera containing late antithyroglobulin antibody from thyroidectomized donors or hyperimmune sera from guinea pigs. No thyroid lesions were seen in recipient animals injected either with sera from donors given complete adjuvant without thyroglobulin or with globulin fraction of pooled sera containing early antithyroglobulin antibody obtained on various days from nonthyroidectomized donors. Similarly, rabbits rendered unresponsive to guinea pig gammaG-globulin and periodically injected with guinea pig anti-rabbit thyroglobulin showed no thyroid lesions.
Plasma Metanephrines in the Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Jacques W. M. Lenders
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To examine whether tests for plasma metanephrines, the o-methylated metabolites of catecholamines, offer advantages for diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma over standard tests for plasma catecholamines or urinary metanephrines. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: 3 clinical specialist centers. Patients: 52 patients with a pheochromocytoma; 67 normotensive persons and 51 patients with essential hypertension who provided reference values; and 23 patients with secondary hypertension and 50 patients with either heart failure or angina pectoris who served as comparison groups. Measurements: Plasma concentrations of catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) and metanephrines (normetanephrine and metanephrine) were measured in all patients. The 24-hour urinary excretion of metanephrines was measured in 46 patients with pheochromocytoma. Results: Pheochromocytomas were associated with increases in plasma concentrations of metanephrines that were greater and more consistent than those in plasma catecholamine concentrations. No patient with a pheochromocytoma had normal plasma concentrations of both normetanephrine and metanephrine. The sensitivity of these tests was 100% (52 of 52 patients [95% CI, 94% to 100%]), and the negative predictive value of normal plasma concentrations of metanephrines was 100% (162 of 162 patients). Tests for plasma catecholamines yielded eight false-negative results and a sensitivity of 85% (44 of 52 patients [CI, 72% to 93%]). The negative predictive value of normal plasma concentrations of catecholamines was 95% (156 of 164 patients). Tests for urinary metanephrines yielded five false-negative results and a sensitivity of 89% (41 of 46 patients [CI, 76% to 96%]). Because no statistical difference was noted in the number of false-positive results between tests for plasma metanephrines (15%) and tests for plasma catecholamines (18%), the specificities of the two tests did not differ. Conclusions: Normal plasma concentrations of metanephrines exclude the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, whereas normal plasma concentrations of catecholamines and normal urinary excretion of metanephrines do not. Tests for plasma metanephrines are more sensi-tive than tests for plasma catecholamines or urinary metanephrines for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
Double dissociation, modularity, and distributed organization
Authors: John A. Bullinaria, Nick Chater
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Müller argues that double dissociations do not imply underlying modularity of the cognitive system, citing neural networks as examples of fully distributed systems that can give rise to double dissociations. We challenge this claim, noting that suchdouble dissociations typically do not “scale-up,” and that even some singledissociations can be difficult to account for in a distributed system.
Chronic Treatment With Carbachol Sensitizes the Myocardium to cAMP-Induced Arrhythmia
Authors: Thomas Eschenhagen, Ulrike Mende, Matthias Diederich, Boris Hertle, Christian Memmesheimer, Andreas Pohl, Wilhelm Schmitz, Hasso Scholz, Markus Steinfath, Michael Böhm, Martin C. Michel, Otto-Erich Brodde, Achim Raap
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The present study investigated biochemical and functional consequences of chronic activation of the inhibitory G iα -coupled adenylyl cyclase pathway in the heart. Methods and Results Rats (220 to 260 g) were treated with 4-day infusions of the M-cholinoceptor agonist carbachol (9.6 mg/kg per day) or vehicle. An additional group that received the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline (2.4 mg/kg per day) served as control. The main finding was that chronic infusion of carbachol led to a marked increase in isoprenaline- or forskolin-induced arrhythmia in electrically driven papillary muscles (in vitro). Compared with control, the potency of isoprenaline and forskolin to induce arrhythmia in cardiac preparations from carbachol-treated rats was increased 36- and 2.2-fold and the efficacy was increased 7.3- and 2.3-fold, respectively. The potency of carbachol to antagonize the isoprenaline- and forskolin-induced arrhythmia was decreased 30-fold. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in left ventricular M-cholinoceptor density by 15% ( P &lt;.05) and a decrease in pertussis toxin–sensitive G proteins (G iα ) by 26% ( P &lt;.05) without a decrease in the corresponding mRNAs. β-Adrenoceptor density and basal and stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity remained unchanged. In contrast, isoprenaline infusion induced a decrease in arrhythmogenic potency of forskolin ( P =NS), which was accompanied by a decrease in β-adrenoceptor density, an increase in G iα protein and mRNA levels, and a decrease in basal and stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity. Conclusions Chronic parasympathetic activation sensitizes the myocardium to cAMP-induced arrhythmia. These changes may be due to quantitative alterations in functional G iα .
Training for coronary angioplasty
Authors: L. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Early thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction will probably also soon come within their realm.If such a degree of incorrect treatment or lack of treatment is reflected in their other duties there would be strong arguments for restricting ex- tended training to providing defibrillation alone.Ms Walters and Dr Glucksman seem to support this view already.We are not sure.When the study was ending the NHS Training Authority sanctioned the development of full extended ambulance training by publishing guidelines about the selection of trainees and the contents of the syllabus and examinations.The authority recommended that a local advisory and assessment panel with members drawn from ambulance, medical, and nursing staff approve arrangements for annual recertification or retrain- ing of ambulance crews.'Perhaps the reported results would have been better ifthe ambulance staffconcerned had received more feedback and support from their original trainers.It is most important, however, to emphasise the recommendations of Ms Walters and Dr Glucksman-namely, that there is adequate monitoring and medical control of extended trained ambulance staff.Further studies should be performed to determine whether the existing syllabus is appropriate and may be properly implemented by the staff presently being trained.
A fragment of secreted Hsp90α carries properties that enable it to accelerate effectively both acute and diabetic wound healing in mice
Authors: Chieh-Fang Cheng, Divya Sahu, Fred Tsen, Zhengwei Zhao, Jianhua Fan, Rosie Kim, Xinyi Wang, Kathryn O’Brien, Yong Li, Yuting Kuang, Mei Chen, David T. Woodley, Wei Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Wounds that fail to heal in a timely manner, for example, diabetic foot ulcers, pose a health, economic, and social problem worldwide. For decades, conventional wisdom has pointed to growth factors as the main driving force of wound healing; thus, growth factors have become the center of therapeutic developments. To date, becaplermin (recombinant human PDGF-BB) is the only US FDA-approved growth factor therapy, and it shows modest efficacy, is costly, and has the potential to cause cancer in patients. Other molecules that drive wound healing have therefore been sought. In this context, it has been noticed that wounds do not heal without the participation of secreted Hsp90α. Here, we report that a 115-aa fragment of secreted Hsp90α (F-5) acts as an unconventional wound healing agent in mice. Topical application of F-5 peptide promoted acute and diabetic wound closure in mice far more effectively than did PDGF-BB. The stronger effect of F-5 was due to 3 properties not held by conventional growth factors: its ability to recruit both epidermal and dermal cells; the fact that its ability to promote dermal cell migration was not inhibited by TGF-β; and its ability to override the inhibitory effects of hyperglycemia on cell migration in diabetes. The discovery of F-5 challenges the long-standing paradigm of wound healing factors and reveals a potentially more effective and safer agent for healing acute and diabetic wounds.
Surgeon sacked for "misconduct and misjudgment"
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A British surgeon who was suspended on full pay for two and a half years was finally sacked last week without notice after an independent review concluded that “serious acts of misconduct and misjudgment” justified summary dismissal. Christopher Ingoldby, aged 52, consultant general surgeon at Pinderfields Hospital in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, is appealing against his dismissal.

Pinderfields and Pontefract NHS, his employers, has been hit with a raft of negligence claims over his work—84 in all, including 13 on behalf of patients who …
Metabolic effects of partial gastrectomy with special reference to calcium and folic acid: Part I Changes in calcium metabolism and the bones
Authors: D. J. Deller, M. D. Begley, R. G. Edwards, M. Addison
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Spinal rarefaction is greater in patients who have had a partial gastrectomy than in matched controls.The nature of the bone lesion after operation was mainly osteoporosis but there was some biochemical and histological evidence of osteomalacia as well.on November 22,
On Sub-Acute Inflammation of the Ovaries and of the Fallopian Tubes, as One of the Causes of Functional Sterility: With Cases Illustrating the Practicability of its Cure
Authors: E. J. Tilt
Journal: BMJ (1849)

CONSIDERING the thickness of the veil thrown over the mysteries of generation, it is not to be wondered, that some of the causes of Steri- lity should be hidden from our view.As the general result of the practical observations of medical men, and of the dreamy imaginings of philosophers, we may class the causes of Sterility under tliree lheads.1.The mechanical and self-evident causes of Sterility, such as ab- sence of the ovaria, or their complete degeneration; the occlusion of the Fallopian tubes; the stricture or occlusion of the uterus, or of the vagina.
PERI-STRUT LOW INTENSITY AREAS BY OCT CORRELATE WITH NEOINTIMAL THICKNESS AND INFLAMMATION IN A HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC SWINE MODEL
Authors: Maxwell Eyram Afari, Armando Tellez, Piotr Buszman, Jong Shiuan Yeh, Seung jin Oh, Yanping Cheng, Geng&ndash;Hua Yi, Greg Kaluza, Juan Granada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Gender-Specific Criteria and Performance of the Exercise Electrocardiogram
Authors: Peter M. Okin, Paul Kligfield
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Significant gender differences have been found in performance of the exercise ECG for the identification of coronary artery disease. However, identical exercise ECG ST segment criteria have been used in men and women, which might contribute to the lower accuracy of these methods in women than in men. Methods and Results To assess the effect of gender-specific test partitions on relative performance of standard and heart rate–adjusted ST segment depression criteria in men and women, the exercise ECGs of 143 women and 477 men were examined. Non–gender-specific test partitions, selected to have matched specificities of 96% for each test method, were determined in all 283 normal subjects, and gender-specific test partitions with identical specificity were determined separately in the 52 normal women and 231 normal men; sensitivity of these criteria was then examined in the 91 women and 246 men with coronary disease. Standard ST segment depression criteria (0.1 mV of additional horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression at end exercise) with identical 96% specificity in the entire group of normal subjects and separately in women and men had a significantly lower sensitivity of 51% in women compared with 67% in men ( P &lt;.01). Among women, performance of the ST segment/heart rate (ST/HR) slope was more improved than that of the ST/HR index by the use of gender-specific criteria. Compared with the performance of non–gender-specific criteria, application of gender-specific ST/HR slope partitions with matched specificity of 96% resulted in a significant increase in sensitivity in women from 84% to 91% ( P &lt;.01), with no significant change in sensitivity in men (89% to 88%) and with no residual difference in sensitivity between men and women. Although the use of gender-specific ST/HR slope criteria significantly improved sensitivity in both men and women with respect to standard criteria (each P &lt;.0001), the relative increase in sensitivity provided by heart rate adjustment was significantly greater in women than in men (40% versus 21%, P &lt;.001). Similar gender differences in improvement in performance using gender-specific criteria for the ST/HR slope were observed when analysis of test performance was restricted to the detection of three-vessel coronary disease (50% versus 9%, P =.002). Conclusions At high specificity, gender-specific test partitions improve sensitivity of the ST/HR slope for the identification of coronary disease in women, with no decrease in sensitivity in men. In contrast, gender-specific partitions do not change performance of standard test criteria, which is lower in women than in men. Accordingly, the relative benefit of heart rate adjustment by the ST/HR slope method is greater in women than in men. These findings support use of the ST/HR slope with use of gender-specific partitions for the identification and quantification of coronary artery disease in both men and women.
Unusual examples of supraventricular re-entrant tachycardias.
Authors: H J Wellens
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Programmed electrical stimulation of the heart uncovered unusual findings in four patients suffering from supraventricular tachycardias. They included 1) two supraventricular tachycardias of different location and frequency in the same patient, 2) increase in rate of a re-entrant atrioventricular (A-V) nodal tachycardia followed by the development of 2-to-1 A-V block, 3) a "gap" in A-V conduction and A-V nodal re-entrant tachycardia with 2-to-1 A-V block, and 4) the initiation of atrial re-entrant tachycardia by ventricular premature beats. The examples are given to help elucidate the understanding of mechanisms involved in re-entrant tachycardias and to localize the site of the re-entry circuit.
Psychosomatic Disorders Related to Gynecology
Authors: Fabio Facchinetti, Koen Demyttenaere, Loredana Fioroni, Isabella Neri, Andrea R. Genazzani
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

In this paper current issues on four psychosomatic disorders related to gynecology will be reviewed. The history, nosological problems and psychoneuroendocrine correlates of psychogenie amenorrhea have been summarized taking into account the important role of psychological factors in inducing loss of menses. Definition and diagnostic problems in assessing menstrually related disorders (formerly premenstrual syndrome) have been reviewed, looking at this syndrome as a disorder of adaptation to the cyclical changes of neuroendocrine functions. The impact of stress on fertility and, on the other hand, the effects of infertility on psychological well-being have been pointed out trying to ascertain the pathways involved in these mutual relationships. Finally, the issue of mood changes at menopause and the effects of steroid replacement on affective state have been discussed. As a whole, these evidences indicate the importance of a close cooperation between gynecologist and psychiatrist in the management of gynecological disorders.
Non-European doctors and change in UK policy: Ten thousand international medical graduates may be affected
Authors: Peter Trewby, Gareth Williams, Peter Williamson, Edward Barnes, Peter Carr, Jennifer Crilley, Alwyn Foden, Stephen Mitchell, Jeremy Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—O'Dowd quotes 1000 international medical graduates as the number likely to be affected by the Department of Health's ruling to end permit-free training.1 Ten thousand may be nearer the mark, as most of the 12 707 international medical graduates who passed part 2 of the Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) examination between 2004 and 2005 will be affected by …
Cancer in the Contralateral Breast after Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: John D. Boice, Elizabeth B. Harvey, Maria Blettner, Marilyn Stovall, John T. Flannery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Patients with breast cancer have a threefold increase in the risk that a second breast cancer will develop. Radiation treatment for the initial cancer can result in moderately high doses to the contralateral breast, possibly contributing to this heightened risk.
Lexical access as a brain mechanism
Authors: Friedemann Pulvermüller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The following questions are addressed concerning how a theory of lexical access can be realized in the brain: (1) Can a brainlike device function without inhibitory mechanisms? (2) Where in the brain can one expect to find processes underlying access to word semantics, syntactic word properties, phonological word forms, and their phonetic gestures? (3) If large neuron ensembles are the basis of such processes, how can one expect these populations to be connected? (4) In particular, how could one-way, reciprocal, and numbered connections be realized? and, (5) How can a neuroscientific approach for multiple access to the same word in the course of the production of a sentence?
On Writing (7): Writing a Book (2)
Authors: J. Baillie, C. Kotlar
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

If the solicited reviews of your book proposal are favorable, it is likely that the publisher will wish to proceed. Inevitably, there will be recommendations for additions or deletions, but unless these are major, a contract will be forthcoming. The contract between the author(s) and the publisher will describe the timeline for production; it will be quite specific about the number of pages and illustrations, the use of diagrams, whether or not there will be color plates, etc. These issues are of considerable importance to the publisher, as they directly affect the cost of producing a textbook. It is important to keep to this agreement: a manuscript that is significantly shorter or longer than agreed may not be economically viable. The publisher will stipulate a deadline for submitting the material: a manuscript that is greatly overdue may well be out of date by the time it gets published.
Arthritis associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: G S HABIB
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an entity characterised by mild abnormal liver function tests, a negative serological investigation, and histopathological findings similar to those seen in alcohol induced liver disease in patients who do not consume significant amounts of alcohol. Patients are usually asymptomatic but may complain of fatigue, malaise, or vague right upper quadrant pain. A low calorie diet is helpful in most of these patients. We present a case report of a patient with arthritis associated with NASH, which resolved completely after the introduction of a low calorie diet.

A 37 year old man presented with symmetrical arthritis during the past year affecting the elbows, wrists, shoulders, and knees. He had morning stiffness, which resolved after a one hour period of activity. On physical examination there was moderate tenderness of the elbows and wrists without swelling or limitation of the range of motion. Liver and spleen were not enlarged. Laboratory studies showed increased liver enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase 53 IU (normal <49 IU), alanine aminotransferase 98 IU (normal <51 IU), …
Observer variation and relationship of computed tomography to severity of beryllium disease.
Authors: E M Daniloff, D A Lynch, B B Bartelson, J D Newell, S M Bernstein, L S Newman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Although high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is commonly used to assess interstitial lung disease (ILD), relatively little is known about interrater reliability and construct validity of HRCT-reported nodules, ground-glass opacity, or other typical findings. We determined the interobserver and intraobserver variability of HRCT findings and correlated HRCT abnormalities with physiologic measures in 57 patients with chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Reliability of HRCT scan measurements were assessed using weighted kappa (K(W)) and intraclass correlation coefficients. We correlated HRCT with spirometry, body plethysmographic lung volumes, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)), maximal exercise testing with measurement of arterial blood gases, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Interobserver agreement for three of the HRCT abnormalities found in CBD was moderate: the K(W) for nodules, septal lines, and ground-glass attenuation were 0.53, 0.44, and 0.53, respectively. Agreement was poor for bronchial wall thickening (K(W) = 0.15). HRCT scores correlated significantly with DL(CO), gas exchange at rest and at maximal exercise, and lung volume. This study demonstrates that HRCT has good interrater reliability and correlates with indices of the severity of granulomatous lung diseases such as CBD.
Imaging in the Emergency Department for Suspected Nephrolithiasis
Authors: Gary Curhan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The excruciating pain of renal colic often drives the affected patient to the emergency department. Given the increasing prevalence of nephrolithiasis,1 more patients than ever before are arriving for evaluation and treatment — nearly 1 million emergency department visits for upper-tract stone disease per year.2 In the emergency department, rapid diagnosis should facilitate the most appropriate therapy.Patients with a previous episode of colic will often make the diagnosis themselves, but those who have renal colic for the first time rarely do. Laboratory tests are nondiagnostic. The urine sediment will occasionally reveal crystals, but more commonly there will be nonspecific . . .