tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Testing of Internists
Authors: VICTOR W. LOGAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

Editorials1 May 1966The Testing of InternistsVICTOR W. LOGAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.VICTOR W. LOGAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1137 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe American Board of Internal Medicine was incorporated in 1936 for the "object of the certification of specialists in the field of internal medicine and the establishment of qualifications for such certification as well as the procedure necessary for the accomplishment of such object" (Articles of Incorporation).Over the years the Board has used many different ways to attain these ends of the incorporators. They have been described in some detail by others, among them a Chairman of the Board who was at the same time President of the American College of Physicians (1). Although the Board has four subspecialty...References1. LEWIS HP: The American Board of Internal Medicine. Bull. Amer. Coll. Physicians 1: 133, 1960. Google Scholar2. Editorial. What is an internist? Ibid., p. 41. Google Scholar3. Communications. Ibid., p. 142. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: American Board of Internal Medicine Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1137-1139 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Involvement of the T cell antigen receptor and of Lyt-2 in the cytotoxic function of aged killer (AK) T cells.
Authors: D L Jankovic, D Woodland, I Melchers, H U Weltzien, R T Kubo, K Eichmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Aged killer (AK) T cells are antigen-independent, IL-2-requiring variants of antigen-dependent CTL clones that have lost their original antigen specificity and have acquired, instead, specific cytotoxicity for P815 target cells. In this report we study whether AK cells use a similar or a different target cell recognition system than that of bona fide CTL. To this end, we selected from a cloned AK line variants that are partially or completely deficient in specific target recognition and/or in cytotoxic function, and analyzed these variants for expression of the T cell antigen receptor and of Lyt-2. Variants were selected from the prototype AK line (Cl 96) with specific, as well as lectin-facilitated, cytotoxicity for P815 tumor cells. Variants could be grouped into four types with increasing degrees of functional deficiency, which correlated with loss of T cell receptor and/or loss of Lyt-2. In short, loss of Lyt-2 was reflected in loss of specific target recognition, and loss of the T cell antigen receptor was reflected in loss of all cytotoxic activity. We conclude from these results that both Lyt-2 and the T cell antigen receptor are required for specific target cell recognition and the T cell antigen receptor is, in addition, required for cytotoxic function. Moreover, since AK cells express a somatically acquired specificity that differs from that of their clonal precursors, it appears that cytotoxic T cells may change their antigen receptor from one specificity to another during tissue culture.
Bilateral Ulnar-Nerve Palsy
Authors: Luis P. Sanchez-Longo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THIS report is concerned with the uncommon syndrome of isolated bilateral symmetrical ulnar-nerve palsy.After confronting such an entity in hospital practice, I became interested in this problem because of its differential diagnosis and the fact that the world literature concerning it is limited.Recently, 3 cases were diagnosed at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Washington, D. C. Because of the difficulty in establishing a definite cause and the serious neurologic conditions that one must include in the differential diagnosis, they were considered worth reporting.Case ReportsCase 1. W.T.E., a 49-year-old man, 2 months before admission, was involved in an . . .
Physician to the Gene Pool: Genetic Lessons and Other Stories
Authors: Alexander Beam
Journal: JAMA (1994)

James V. Neel has been one of the most influential figures in the development of human genetics over the past 50 years. A book by Neel summarizing his life in human genetics, therefore, not only is welcome but deserves close attention. This fascinating scientific autobiography underscores the author's familiarity with the history of an increasingly complex field. The easy conversational tone of Neel's prose invites the reader to join him throughout his genetic adventures. Trained as a classical geneticist, Neel was one of the first to realize that the scientific application of genetic principles to human disease was not only a legitimate field of inquiry but one that promised considerable medical enlightenment. This point of view was not fashionable in 1944, but, encouraged by Curt Stern, Neel boldly opted for a career in human genetics. Recognizing that the possession of a medical degree would facilitate his entry into the field,
Efficacy and Safety of a 4-Drug Fixed-Dose Combination Regimen Compared With Separate Drugs for Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Christian Lienhardt
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis have been advocated to prevent the emergence of drug resistance.To assess the efficacy and safety of a 4-drug FDC for the treatment of tuberculosis.The Study C trial, a parallel-group, open-label, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial conducted in 11 sites in Africa, Asia, and Latin America between 2003 and 2008. Patients were 1585 adults with newly diagnosed smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis.Patients were randomized to receive daily treatment with 4 drugs (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) given as an FDC (n = 798 patients) or separately (n = 787) in the 8-week intensive phase of treatment.Favorable treatment outcome, defined as negative culture result at 18 months post randomization and not having already been classified as unfavorable. Noninferiority was dependent on consistent results from a per-protocol and modified intention-to-treat analysis, using 2 different models for the latter, classifying all changes of treatment or refusal to continue treatment (eg, bacteriological failure/relapse, adverse event, default, drug resistance) as unfavorable (model 1) and classifying changes of treatment for reasons other than therapeutic outcomes according to their 18-month bacteriological outcome if available (post hoc model 2). The prespecified noninferiority margin was 4%.In the per-protocol analysis, 555 of 591 patients (93.9%) had a favorable outcome in the FDC group vs 548 of 579 (94.6%) in the separate-drugs group (risk difference, -0.7% [90% confidence interval {CI}, -3.0% to 1.5%]). In the model 1 analysis, 570 of 684 patients (83.3%) had a favorable outcome in the FDC group vs 563 of 664 (84.8%) in the separate-drugs group (risk difference, -1.5% [90% CI, -4.7% to 1.8%]). In the post hoc model 2 analysis, 591 of 658 patients (89.8%) in the FDC group and 589 of 647 (91.0%) in the separate-drugs group had a favorable outcome (risk difference, -1.2% [90% CI, -3.9% to 1.5%]). Adverse events related to trial drugs were similarly distributed among treatment groups.Compared with a regimen of separately administered drugs, a 4-drug FDC regimen for treatment of tuberculosis satisfied prespecified noninferiority criteria in 2 of 3 analyses. Although the results do not demonstrate full noninferiority of the FDCs compared with single drugs given separately using the strict definition applied in this trial, use of FDCs is preferred because of potential advantages associated with the administration of FDCs compared with separate-drug formulations.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00216333.
Physicians Find Their Place in Zuniland
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

LATELY, Beth Coates, MD, says her clinic appointments with patients seem to take twice as long as usual. The change has nothing to do with medical complications, but everything to do with a different kind of healing. Before they discuss diabetes, hypertension, or kidney disease, Coates' patients at the Zuni Comprehensive Community Health Center, operated in rural western New Mexico by the federal Indian Health Service (IHS), ask about her 5-year-old son, Danny. During a hiking trip in March, Danny was separated from his parents in rugged terrain about 20 miles from their home. Lost for 2 days in subfreezing temperatures and a snowstorm, Danny was the subject of a massive search that included the New Mexico State Police and the National Guard. But it was the tremendous community outpouring that comforted Coates and her husband, Bruce Finke, MD, during many anxious hours. Hundreds from the Zuni and Navajo tribes,
Israel restricts animal experiments
Authors: J Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Medical researchers in Israel will be affected by a new law restricting experiments on animals. A private member's bill will not satisfy animal rights activists or scientists, but it is regarded as a workable compromise.

A council on animal experimentation will be set up with 23 members appointed by the health minister. These will include representatives of the Israel Academy of Sciences, veterinarians, medical schools, the Israel Medical Association, the Israel Manufacturers' Association, and government departments and three people from an organisation for animal rights. The council will authorise animal experiments and lay down rules to ensure that …
How Does Previous Corticosteroid Treatment Affect the Biopsy Findings in Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis?
Authors: Antonio A. Achkar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

To determine the effect of previous corticosteroid treatment on the results of temporal artery biopsy.Consecutive case series.Tertiary care center.A consecutive cohort of 535 patients who had temporal artery biopsies at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, between 1 January 1988 and 31 December 1991.The dose and duration of corticosteroid treatment received before temporal artery biopsy and detailed clinical and laboratory data were obtained from the patients' medical records. All temporal artery biopsy slides were re-evaluated by a pathologist blinded to clinical data, previous corticosteroid treatment information, and the original pathologic diagnosis. Biopsy specimens were classified as negative for arteritis, positive for typical temporal arteritis, or positive for atypical temporal arteritis. Biopsy results were positive for 31% of patients (89 of 286) who did not receive corticosteroids before biopsy and for 35% of those (86 of 249) who did receive corticosteroids before biopsy (P = 0.4; 95% confidence interval for the difference, -4.7% to 11.5%). Patients who received corticosteroids before biopsy tended to have clinical features more suggestive of arteritis. A multiple logistic regression analysis model, controlling for these differences in clinical and laboratory features, showed that the biopsy positivity rate was unrelated to previous corticosteroid treatment.Although these results do not prove that histologic features are unaffected by corticosteroids, they show that, in this large, consecutive sample, the positivity rates of temporal artery biopsy were similar in untreated and corticosteroid-treated patients. Temporal artery biopsy may show arteritis even after more than 14 days of corticosteroid therapy in the presence of clinical indications of active disease.
Detection of Metastatic Tumor in Normal-Sized Retroperitoneal Lymph Nodes by Monoclonal-Antibody Imaging
Authors: Philip J. Moldofsky, Henry F. Sears, Charles B. Mulhern, Nancy D. Hammond, John Powe, Robert A. Gatenby, Zenon Steplewski, Hilary Koprowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

EVALUATION of retroperitoneal lymph nodes for metastatic tumor is commonly performed with computed tomography (CT) in which the radiographic criteria for lymphadenopathy in the retroperitoneum are based on the size and number of nodes. Nodes larger than 1.5 cm in diameter or clusters of nodes in the paraaortic or iliac chains are considered abnormal.1 , 2 CT cannot generally evaluate the internal character of lymph nodes or determine whether a node is malignant if its size is normal.Tumor imaging with Radio-labeled polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies has previously been reported. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 In our series of 23 patients who underwent imaging with Radio-labeled monoclonal-antibody . . .
Effect of neonatal capsaicin treatment on haemodynamics and renal function in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Y Li
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Mechanisms underlying abnormalities of circulation and renal function in cirrhosis are not completely understood. Our previous study revealed that primary afferent denervation by neonatal capsaicin treatment prevented the development of hyperdynamic circulation in portal hypertensive and cirrhotic rats. <b>Aims:</b> The present study aimed to clarify the role of capsaicin sensitive nerves in the development of renal dysfunction and ascites formation in cirrhosis. <b>Methods:</b> Rat pups were injected with capsaicin (50 mg/kg) or vehicle and allowed to grow. When they reached adulthood, cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation while controls received sham operation. Cardiac output and regional blood flows were measured by radioactive microspheres, glomerular filtration rate by <sup>3</sup>H inulin clearance, and urine volume, sodium excretion, and ascites formation were determined. Immunohistochemical staining for Fos in the brain stem cardiovascular regulatory nuclei, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and ventrolateral medulla was measured as an index of central neuronal activation. <b>Results:</b> Increased cardiac output and renal blood flow, and decreased systemic vascular resistance, arterial pressure, renal vascular resistance, and glomerular filtration rate, as well as ascites, were found in vehicle treated cirrhotic rats. Neonatal capsaicin treatment completely blocked the development of hyperdynamic circulation and ascites, and improved renal function in cirrhotic rats. This was associated with complete abrogation of brain stem neuronal activation in capsaicin treated cirrhotic rats. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results indicate that intact primary afferent innervation is necessary for the development of not only the hyperdynamic circulation but also the renal dysfunction and ascites formation characteristic of cirrhosis.
Abstract 1772: Calcium activated nucleotidase 1 (CANT1) promotes progression of prostate carcinomas
Authors: Josefine Gerhardt, Corinna Steinbrech, Florian Fritzsche, Verena Tischler, Michael Müntener, Tullio Sulser, Carsten Stephan, Klaus Jung, Holger Moch, Glen Kristiansen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aims: Previously, we identified Calcium-activated nucleotidase 1 (CANT1) mRNA to be overexpressed in human prostate cancer, however, so far no involvement of CANT1 in the progression of human tumours was reported. Therefore the protein expression level of CANT1 in prostate tumours was determined, followed by the elucidation of a functional implication of CANT1 overexpression in prostate cancer progression. Methods: Two tissue microarrays including 1100 prostate samples from two different institutions were constructed to examine the protein expression level of CANT1. The role of CANT1 in tumour progression was assessed in two prostate cancer cell lines in an RNA interference based approach. Cell number and DNA synthesis rate were determined by in vitro assays to measure cell proliferation, further cell migration was studied in transwell chamber assays. Results: A recurrent overexpression of CANT1 protein in human prostate cancers was confirmed on the tissue microarrays. Functionally, CANT1 knockdown induced a reduction of LNCaP as well as PC-3 cell number, which was caused by a diminished DNA synthesis rate. Moreover, a considerable decrease of cell migration towards a fibronectin gradient was observed in both cell lines upon CANT1 knockdown. This decreased cell mobility was also accompanied by morphological cell changes. Conclusions: Two cellular processes that are directly linked to tumour progression are markedly impaired upon CANT1 knockdown in prostate cancer cell lines, demonstrating for the first time a tumourbiological relevance of CANT1 expression. In future experiments the mechanism how CANT1 exerts its effects on proliferation and migration will be elucidated as well as the pathways that lead to CANT1 overexpression in prostate cancer. This will contribute to a better understanding of prostate carcinogenesis and to the evaluation of the potential of CANT1 as a therapeutic target. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1772.
Clofibrate, Serum Enzymes, and Muscle Pain
Authors: A. F. Smith, W. G. Macfie, M. F. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Serum creatine kinas (C.K.), aspartate amino-transferase (G.O.T.), and alkaline phosphatase (A.P.) activities were measured in 211 men with serum cholesterol concentrations in the upper one-third of the normal distribution. Of these, 110 were receiving clofibrate and 101 were given identical capsules containing olive oil. These investigations were also carried out on 85 healthy men with low serum cholesterol levels not receiving clofibrate. No differences were observed in C.K. and G.O.T. activities between any of these groups; A.P. was significantly lower in the clofibrate-treated group. No significant alterations in C.K. occurred during serial observations made in 15 patients with ischaemic heart disease over a period of five months. No instance of myalgia or muscle stiffness was recorded in 452 men who had received clofibrate for one year. It is concluded that raised C.K. and G.O.T. concentrations and the occurrence of myalgia are uncommon accompaniments of clofibrate treatment.
Improved tracheostomy device: safe and speedy
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Any possibility of speeding up an emergency tracheostomy is bound to elicit physician interest. Witness the nearly 500 inquiries already received by a California neurosurgeon who exhibited a percutaneous tracheostomy device at a recent scientific meeting. Frederic J. Toye, MD, who practices in Long Beach, began developing the device with James D. Weinstein, MD, of Marlton, NJ, when both were neurosurgical residents at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in Philadelphia (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1969;209:23). The model that they exhibited at the American College of Surgeons meeting in Atlanta last fall incorporates refinements made over the years in the course of studying animals and gathering experience with 53 patients. Toye explains the device and technique this way: Left, air in syringe proves double needle is in trachea. Outer Right, needle removed by use of slot. Dilator (with trachea needle has slot. Center, inner needle is traded for flexible
Fatty Acid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma (NKHC).
Authors: Allen I. Arieff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Fatty Acid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma (NKHC).Allen I. Arieff, M.D., Hugh J. Carroll, M.D.Allen I. Arieff, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Hugh J. Carroll, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-791_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDespite increasing recognition of nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, the pathophysiology of this syndrome, particularly the absence of ketoacidosis (KA), remains obscure. Thirty-two episodes were studied in 30 patients; in 16 of these determinations were made of plasma free fatty acid (FFA), growth hormone (HGH), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), ketones, osmolity (Osm), and blood glucose. FFAs were determined by the method of Dole, HGH and IRI by radioimmunoassay, ketones by Acetest tablets, and Osm by freezing-point depression. In all cases the plasma acetone was < 2 + at a 1:1 dilution; blood sugar, > 600 mg/100 ml (av 1173 ± 306); and serum... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Allen I. Arieff, M.D.; Hugh J. Carroll, M.D.Affiliations: Brooklyn, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHyperosmolar nonketotic coma with hyperglycemia: Abnormalities of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 791-791KeywordsBlood plasmaCarbohydrate metabolismComaFatty acidsGlucoseGrowth hormoneHuman growth hormoneInsulinKetonesRadioimmunoassays ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Antibiotic Treatment of Splenic Abscess
Authors: JOSEPH DYLEWSKI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 September 1979Antibiotic Treatment of Splenic AbscessJOSEPH DYLEWSKI, M.D., JOSEPH PORTNOY, M.D., JACK MENDELSON, M.D.JOSEPH DYLEWSKI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOSEPH PORTNOY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JACK MENDELSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-3-493_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The reported occurrence of splenic abscess in autopsy series is less than 1% and rarely is an antemortem diagnosis made (1). The subject has been recently reviewed (2), and there appears to be universal agreement that the proper management of these patients is primarily surgical. There are no reported cases of patients with well-documented abscesses successfully treated with antibiotics alone. We wish to report the successful treatment of a splenic abscess in a patient in whom surgery was not done because of his poor medical status.A 58-year-old man was admitted to hospital with a 1-week history...References1. GADACZ T, WAY L, and DUNPHY J: Changing clinical spectrum of splenic abscess. Am J Surg. 1974; 128:182-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. CHULAY J and LANDERANI M. Splenic abscess. Am J Med. 1976; 61:513-22. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FRANKEL A, ASHIKARI H, DREILING D, and KARK A: Splenic abscess. J Mt Sinai Hospital NY. 1966; 33:404-13. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. CHAFEE J, LASHER R, and TREDWAY J: Splenic abscess: report of four cases. Ann Surg. 1958; 148:979-84. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOSEPH DYLEWSKI, M.D.; JOSEPH PORTNOY, M.D.; JACK MENDELSON, M.D.Affiliations: Jewish General Hospital Montreal PQ H3T 1E2 Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySPLENIC ABSCESS IN GERIATRIC CARESplenic abscessThe changing spectrum of splenic abscessSplenic abscess associated with salmonella infection: Successful medical treatmentSplenic abscessSplenic abscess: successful non-surgical therapy 1 September 1979Volume 91, Issue 3Page: 493-494KeywordsAbscessesAntibioticsAutopsySurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...