tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sepsis and Sloppy Surgery
Authors: GEORGE E. CIMOCHOWSKI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 February 1973Sepsis and Sloppy SurgeryGEORGE E. CIMOCHOWSKI, M.D.GEORGE E. CIMOCHOWSKI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-2-302_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent issue (1) Maxwell Finland, M.D., saw fit to find guilty the surgical profession en bloc with the statement in his summary and in his conclusions that "improving surgical techniques" would alter changing patterns of susceptible pathogens to antimicrobial agents. Nowhere in his article or the 114 references does he support that irresponsible comment on our profession.As a chief resident in general surgery, I have been schooled meticulously in Halsted technique, and, furthermore, one of our staff is a recent graduate of Halsted's own program at Johns Hopkins and, rest assured, . . ....Reference1. FINLAND M: Changing patterns of susceptibility of common bacterial pathogens to antimicrobial agents. Ann Intern Med 76:1009-1036, June 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar1. MORTON J: The struggle against sepsis. Yale J Biol Med 31: 397-422, 1959 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GEORGE E. CIMOCHOWSKI, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1973Volume 78, Issue 2Page: 302-303KeywordsAntimicrobialsGraduate medical educationPathogensSepsisSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Vascular Progenitors From Cord Blood–Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Possess Augmented Capacity for Regenerating Ischemic Retinal Vasculature
Authors: Tea Soon Park, Imran Bhutto, Ludovic Zimmerlin, Jeffrey S. Huo, Pratik Nagaria, Diana Miller, Abdul Jalil Rufaihah, Connie Talbot, Jack Aguilar, Rhonda Grebe, Carol Merges, Renee Reijo-Pera, Ricardo A. Feldman, Feyruz Rassool, John Cooke, Gerard Lutty, Elias T. Zambidis
Journal: Circulation (2013)

The generation of vascular progenitors (VPs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has great potential for treating vascular disorders such as ischemic retinopathies. However, long-term in vivo engraftment of hiPSC-derived VPs into the retina has not yet been reported. This goal may be limited by the low differentiation yield, greater senescence, and poor proliferation of hiPSC-derived vascular cells. To evaluate the potential of hiPSCs for treating ischemic retinopathies, we generated VPs from a repertoire of viral-integrated and nonintegrated fibroblast and cord blood (CB)-derived hiPSC lines and tested their capacity for homing and engrafting into murine retina in an ischemia-reperfusion model.VPs from human embryonic stem cells and hiPSCs were generated with an optimized vascular differentiation system. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting purification of human embryoid body cells differentially expressing endothelial/pericytic markers identified a CD31(+)CD146(+) VP population with high vascular potency. Episomal CB-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated these VPs with higher efficiencies than fibroblast-iPSC. Moreover, in contrast to fibroblast-iPSC-VPs, CB-iPSC-VPs maintained expression signatures more comparable to human embryonic stem cell VPs, expressed higher levels of immature vascular markers, demonstrated less culture senescence and sensitivity to DNA damage, and possessed fewer transmitted reprogramming errors. Luciferase transgene-marked VPs from human embryonic stem cells, CB-iPSCs, and fibroblast-iPSCs were injected systemically or directly into the vitreous of retinal ischemia-reperfusion-injured adult nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient mice. Only human embryonic stem cell- and CB-iPSC-derived VPs reliably homed and engrafted into injured retinal capillaries, with incorporation into damaged vessels for up to 45 days.VPs generated from CB-iPSCs possessed augmented capacity to home, integrate into, and repair damaged retinal vasculature.
CANCER OF THE SCROTUM: The Etiology, Clinical Features, and Treatment of the Disease
Authors: A. H. Southam, S. R. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1922)

What may actually happen after excision of the spleen is well illustrated by a case published by McAdam Eccles and Freer.8"In this case splenectomy was performed for traumatic rupture in 1910.In 1920 the patient was again operated on for a ventral hernia, the result of the first operation, and on this occasion what appeared to be a spleen normal in every respect was observed in the course of the operation.The evidence of a new formation of a spleen seems perfectly clear from the facts presented.The authors regard this as having resulted from a hypertropliied spleniculus which may well have escaped notice at the first operation.This remarkable occurrence seerms to indicate clearly tlle advisability of leaving behind any suclh spleniculus wlhiclh mnay be observed in the course of an operation for splenectomy necessitated by trauma.Furthter Report.Since tllis paper was read we lhave lhad anothler oppor- tunity of seeing the patient and malking a further blood examination witl tle following result.Tle details of this blood examination appear at the end of Tables I and II, and are marked with an asterisk.Tbe patient reported, by request, at the Royal Victoria Infirmary on September 28th, 1922.He says that he feels perfectly well, appetite is gcod, an-d lie has no pains anywhere.Is still constantly at work, which is obviously strenuous.HW iooks rather fine drawn; his appearance suggests some anaemia.His weight is 9 st. 3 lb., representing an increase of 6lb.since the end of June.The super- ficial glands referred to previously are still palpable, but if anything are smaller than previously.There is no enlargement of liver; there is no dullness in splenic region.Urine.-Reaction, acid; albumin, nil; sugar, nil.Deposit: No casts or cells; abundant deposit of amorphous urates.Faeces.-No-parasites or their ova found.Blood.-Redblood corpuscles, 4,087,000 per c.mm.; white blood corpuscles, 138,250 per c.mm.; haemoglobin, 58 per cent.; colour index, 0.71.The appearanices of the films show no essential difference from that previously seen.In n. differential count of 3O0 leucocytes the e;sinophiles account for 79.3 per cent.Coagula- tion time was 4 minutes, against a normal control time of 5X.Th3ere appeared to be again some diminution in the blood platelets.The result of this last examination gives furtlher proof of the progressive nature of the disease so far as the blood condition is concerned.The patient remains under observation and the progress of the case will be recorded at a later date.
IL-9 gets around
Authors: Amy Maxmen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Some cytokines refuse to be pigeonholed. On [page 1653][1], Nowak et al. show that interleukin (IL) 9 can derive from a number of CD4+ T cell types. And when produced in an autoimmune setting, IL-9 contributed to disease.

![Figure][2] 

IL-9R deficiency ameliorates the severity of EAE.



Many
Cells Derived from the Circulation Contribute to the Repair of Lung Injury
Authors: Shinji Abe, Craig Boyer, Xiangde Liu, Fu Qiang Wen, Tetsu Kobayashi, Qiuhong Fang, Xingqi Wang, Mitsuyoshi Hashimoto, J. Graham Sharp, Stephen I. Rennard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Bone marrow (stem/progenitor) cells have been shown to "differentiate" into cells in multiple tissues, including lung. A low number of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells also circulate in peripheral blood. The physiologic roles of these cells are still uncertain. This study was designed to test, using parabiotic mice that were joined surgically, whether stem/progenitor cells in blood contributed to the regeneration of lung after injury. Parabiotic mice were generated surgically by joining green fluorescent protein transgenic mice and wild-type littermates. These mice developed a common circulation (approximately 50% green cells in blood) by 2 weeks after surgery. The wild-type mouse was either uninjured or lethally irradiated or received intratracheal elastase or the combination of radiation with intratracheal elastase injection. Radiation or the combination of radiation with elastase significantly increased the proportion of bright green cells in the lungs of the wild-type mice. Morphologically, interstitial monocytes/macrophages, subepithelial fibroblast-like interstitial cells, and additionally type I alveolar epithelial cells immunostained for green fluorescent protein in wild-type mice. Approximately 5 to 20% of lung fibroblasts primary cultured from injured wild-type mice were green fluorescent protein expressing cells, indicating their blood derivation. This study demonstrates that stem/progenitor cells in blood contribute to the repair of lung injury in irradiated mice.
Prognostic significance of the electrocardiogram after Q wave myocardial infarction. The Framingham Study.
Authors: N D Wong, D Levy, W B Kannel
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The prognostic value of abnormalities on the electrocardiogram (ECG) present 1 year after initial myocardial infarction (MI) is examined in relation to reinfarction and coronary death throughout 32 years (mean, 10.1 years) of follow-up in the Framingham Heart Study. Resting 12-lead ECGs were available in 251 survivors (190 men and 61 women) of clinically recognized Q wave MI. The ECG reverted to normal in 31 (12.4%) cases and was abnormal but without Q waves in 37 (14.7%). Q waves persisted without other significant abnormalities in 108 (43.0%) and with other abnormalities in 75 (29.9%) cases. Electrocardiographic abnormalities at follow-up were more common in women and in those persons whose initial MI was anterior as compared with inferior. Nonspecific T wave, ST segment changes, and electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG before or after MI were powerful predictors (p less than 0.01) of coronary death. The relation of these residual post-MI electrocardiographic findings to reinfarction and coronary death was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The follow-up electrocardiographic status was unrelated to the risk of subsequent reinfarction. Subjects who lost Q wave evidence of MI but whose ECG continued to show evidence of repolarization abnormalities, left ventricular hypertrophy, or blocked intraventricular conduction were at a 3.5-fold increased risk (p less than 0.01) of coronary death as compared with those reverting to a normal ECG. Persons with a persistent Q wave MI accompanied by these abnormalities were at a 2.7-fold excess risk (p = 0.01) of coronary death as compared with those with a normalized ECG. These findings remained significant when considering age and standard coronary risk factors. The presence of other electrocardiographic abnormalities without persistent Q waves yields a worse prognosis than a Q wave persisting alone. The prognostic value of a follow-up ECG with abnormalities other than a persistent Q wave MI also remained after considering the effects of left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac enlargement on x-ray, functional classification, and diuretic usage. Specific electrocardiographic abnormalities present before infarction, however, were potent indicators of long-term prognosis prognosis and diminished the importance of the follow-up ECG. Although survival after initial MI is improved only if the ECG reverts to normal, information on electrocardiographic abnormalities before MI can be especially useful in evaluating long-term risk.
Abstract 4884: Polyamine analogues in combination with DFMO inhibits lysine-specific demethylase 1 and induces re-expression of aberrantly silenced genes
Authors: Yu Wu, Laurence J. Marton, Patrick M. Woster, Robert A. Casero
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Epigenetic gene silencing is an important mechanism for the loss of gene expression in cancer. Abnormal DNA CpG island hypermethylation and altered patterns of histone modifications are involved in aberrant silencing of tumor suppressor gene. The flavin-dependent lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is the first enzyme identified to specifically demethylate Lysine 4 of histone H3. Methylation of H3K4 is an important mark associated with active chromatin transcription. The FAD-binding amine oxidase domain of LSD1 has considerable sequence homology to two polyamine oxidases SMO (spermine oxidase) and APAO (acetylpolyamine oxidase). Our laboratory has identified long chain polyamine analogues, named oligoamines, act as inhibitors of LSD1. Here we report the synergistic effects of specific oligoamines in combination treatment with 2-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in human colorectal cancer cells. DFMO is an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which is a rate-limiting enzyme to generate putrescine. Reducing the level of putrescine leads to accumulation of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM) and could subsequently result in alteration of DNA methyltransferase activity and changes in DNA methylation. In addition, DFMO treatment is known to increases uptake of circulating polyamines. Exposure of colorectal tumor cells to oligoamines and DFMO results in a synergistic global increase of H3K4me2 and induction of re-expression of aberrantly silenced genes including the secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) gene, which encodes Wnt signaling pathway antagonist and plays an anti-tumorigenesis role in colorectal cancer. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicates that the re-expression of SFRP2 is associated with increased H3K4me2 active marks at the gene promoter. The combination of LSD1-inhibiting oligoamines and DFMO represents a highly valuable and novel approach to epigenetic therapy of cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4884.
Staging of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a preliminary proposal
Authors: J Braun, D van der Heijde, M Dougados, P Emery, M A Khan, J Sieper, S. van der Linden
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are characterised by a wide range of clinical presentations, radiographic profiles, and outcomes, which are not well differentiated by current diagnostic and classification systems for the disorder. Inadequacies in these systems may limit clinicians' ability to manage their patients with AS appropriately and act as an obstacle to reasonable comparison of therapeutic trial results. A standardised staging system for AS is therefore proposed that would provide a more detailed categorisation of patients based on assessment of structural damage, peripheral joint and organ involvement, presence of concomitant diseases, and the severity and extent of disease activity and functional impairment. The proposed system needs to be evaluated closely and amended as needed to assure its usefulness in clinical and research settings.
THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE IN PNEUMONIA.
Authors: SOLOMON SOLIS-COHEN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

"The time to treat heart failure is before it happens." These words, used by Abraham Jacobi in a discussion on the treatment of diphtheria nearly twenty years ago, impressed me forcibly. The maxim applies equally to pneumonia. From what sources does the danger of heart failure in pneumonia threaten? Its causes are many and their interaction may be complex. There are three principal causes and many secondary ones. The principal causes are, first, the toxemia; second, the mechanical obstruction to the circulation in the lung, causing overburdening and dilatation, especially of the right heart; third, the alteration in the physical and chemical constitution of the blood which, apart from the toxic effect on nervous and muscular action, central and cardiac, predisposes to the formation of antemortem clot. Among the most important of rare causes are hyperpyrexia and a sudden paralysis of inexplicable origin. <h3>THE TOXEMIA.</h3> The old name "lung fever"
EMA confirms that hydroxyethyl starch solutions should not be used in critically ill, sepsis, or burns patients
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Hydroxethyl starch solutions (HES) should not be used for fluid replacement in critically ill patients or those with sepsis or burn injuries, ruled the European Medicines Agency (EMA) on 11 October after reviewing evidence showing increased risk of death or kidney injury.1

But the agency says these commonly used plasma substitutes can be used to treat patients with low blood volume caused by acute blood loss where treatment with a crystalloid infusion solution alone is not sufficient. Potential risks should be minimised by using HES solutions …
Abstract 4703: Mitochondrial DNA mutations affect respiratory complex-I in never-smoker lung cancer patients and contribute to lung cancer cell growth
Authors: Santanu Dasgupta, Ethan Soudry, Chunbo Shao, Nitai D. Mukhopadhyay, John Yee, Stephen Lam, Wan L. Lam, Paul B. Fisher, David Sidransky
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Lung cancer is a deadly disease worldwide with smoking being the most important risk factor. In the United States, it is estimated that there will be over 222,550 cases of lung cancer resulting in 157,300 deaths in 2010. Despite significant improvement in therapeutic modalities, the overall 5-year survival rate is still only 15%. The high morbidity is due to the lack of early detection and therapeutic intervention. Other than nuclear genetic alterations, mitochondrial DNA mutations were reported in different human cancers and implicated to have a potential role in biomarker development. However, mtDNA alteration patterns and their potential involvement are unknown in lung cancer patients that have never smoked. In the present study, we sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome and measured the mtDNA content index by quantitative PCR in 60 lung cancer patients. Of the 60 patients, 30 never smoked and the remaining 30 patients were current smokers. Forty five percent of patients (27/60) displayed at least one somatic mtDNA mutation and a total of 41 mutations were detected which were mostly homoplasmic in nature. Strikingly, mtDNA mutations were significantly higher (P=0.0025) among the non-smokers as compared to the current smoking lung cancer patients and these mutations significantly affected (P=0.025) mitochondria encoded respiratory complex-I. The patients of Asian origin also had significantly higher (P=0.015) mtDNA mutations compared to the Caucasian patient populations. The mtDNA content index also significantly increased (P=0.037) in the non-smokers compared to the smoker lung cancer patients. Forced overexpression of a frequently observed mtDNA mutation from the ND5 gene of respiratory complex-I resulted in increased superoxide production, in vitro proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells. Frequent mtDNA alterations are detectable in non-smoker lung cancer patients and may contribute to lung cancer progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4703. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4703
Controlled trial of methandienone in treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
Authors: P. R. Hunter, S. G. Cotton, J. H. Kelsey, A. Bloom
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Acute Urinary Tract Infection-Gruineberg and Brumfitt .B.,1 651 place of sulphormethoxine in these conditions remains to be defined. SUmmarySulphormethoxine is a sulphonamide with a prolonged action, which makes possible the treatment of some varieties of acute urinary tract infection with a single dose of 2 g.In a controlled trial on ambulant patients it was as effective as a seven-day course of ampicillin given in a dose of 500 mg.eight-hourly.The cure rate was 88% with both substances.Side-effects occurred in 3.8% of patients treated with sulphormethoxine and in 16.1% of those who received ampicillin.Sulphormethoxine is not recommended for acute pyelo- nephritis.Dr. Grineberg was in receipt of a
VIRTUAL HISTOLOGY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND FINDINGS PREDICT ADVERSE OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: THE VIVA (VH-IVUS IN VULNERABLE ATHEROSCLEROSIS) STUDY
Authors: Patrick A. Calvert, Daniel R. Obaid, Nick EJ West, Leonard M. Shapiro, Duncan C. McNab, Cameron G. Densem, Peter M. Schofield, Denise Braganza, Sarah C. Clarke, Michael O'Sullivan, Kausik K. Ray, Martin R. Bennett
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
New campaign is launched in England to increase awareness of tuberculosis
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A new campaign to “radically boost awareness” of tuberculosis in England was launched on 25 February at a parliamentary briefing of MPs, health organisations, and patients’ groups.

Entitled “The truth about TB,” the campaign centres on the experiences of people who have or used to have tuberculosis, whose stories are included in a new DVD and website. All primary care trusts and local authorities in England and key charities have been mailed the DVD, and a series of information leaflets have been translated into 20 different languages.

The charity TB Alert is spearheading the campaign, in which …
The Vascular War of 1988
Authors: Lewis Wexler
Journal: JAMA (1989)

VASCULAR interventionalists owe much to the pioneering work of the recently deceased radiologists Charles Dotter and Melvin Judkins, who introduced the concept of percutaneous transluminal dilation of vascular obstructions. 1 This concept was accepted more readily in Europe than in the United States and was significantly advanced by a young German cardiologist working in Switzerland, Andreas Gruntzig. Originally trained as an angiologist, Gruntzig studied radiology and cardiology to apply his ideas for treating vascular obstructions to the coronary arteries. He designed, developed, and tested balloon catheters for the percutaneous transluminal relief of hemodynamically significant vascular lesions, first in peripheral vessels and later in the renal and coronary arteries. 2-4 The restraint he practiced and the scientific integrity he preached during the introductory phases of this potentially revolutionary technique are behavior patterns that, unfortunately, did not survive as a legacy after his untimely death. His procedure of percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty