tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 87: Head-up Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Increases Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Guillaume Debaty, Sang Do Shin, Anja Metzger, Hyun Ho Ryu, Taeyun Kim, Jennifer Rees, Scott McKnite, Timothy Matsuura, Michael Lick, Demetris Yannopoulos, Keith Lurie
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The optimal head position during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with enhanced perfusion delivered with the combination of LUCAS-2, an automated active compression decompression device (L-CPR), and an inspiratory impedance threshold device (ITD) to increase circulation, is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between head-up angle relative to the horizontal plane that minimizes intracranial pressure (ICP) and optimizes cerebral perfusion pressure (CerPP) during L-CPR-ITD.

Method: Six female pigs (38±0.3 kg) were sedated, intubated, anesthetized with isofluorane, paralyzed with succinylcholine (93.3 μg/kg/min) and placed on a tilt table. After 6 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation and 4 minutes of baseline CPR at 0°, L-CPR (Lucas-2, Physio-Control, Redmond, WA) +ITD (ResQPOD 16, Advanced Circulatory Systems, Roseville, MN) was performed at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50° head up position for 1 minute intervals. Hemodynamics and ICP were recorded continuously. Calculated coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) (diastolic aortic - right atrial pressure) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CePP) (aortic - ICP) were measured continuously. Repeated measures ANOVA with linear trend was used for statistical analysis. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM with pressures in mmHg.

Results: With 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50° head up positioning, mean icp decreased linearly as follows: 21±3, 16±2, 11±3, 6±2, 1±3, -3±2 respectively, (p<0.001) As shown in the figure, CPP remained stable but CePP increased linearly (p=0.004) with head elevation.

Conclusion: During L-CPR- ITD in pigs, mean ICP decreased and CerPP increased linearly until 50° head-up positioning. The discovery that head-up angle improves brain perfusion pressures during L-CPR+ITD has the potential to improve neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest.

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Advanced Prosthetics Provide More Functional Limbs
Authors: Julie A. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 10141: The Sodium Calcium Exchange Inhibitor SEA0400 Prevents Myocardial Injury and Enhances Myofimament Sensitivity to Ca2+ when Used as a Cardioplegia Additive
Authors: Ahmad Ali, Camille Hancock Friesen, Susan Howlett, Stacy O'Blenes
Journal: Circulation (2010)

The Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitor SEA0400 prevents myocardial injury in models of ischemia and reperfusion. We therefore explored its potential as a cardioplegia additive. Methods: Studies were perfo...
Abstract 13424: Dendritic Cell Surface Proteoglycan Binding-mediated Internalization of the Apob-100 Peptide P210 Increases Cd8+ T Cell Cytolytic Function
Authors: Xiaoning Zhao, Paul C Dimayuga, Jianchang Zhou, Juliana Yano, Wai Man Lio, Bojan Cercek, Prediman K Shah, Kuyang-Yuh Chyu
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: We have reported that immunization with the apoB-100 derived peptide p210 reduces atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation/rupture, through modulation of CD8+ T cells. It remains unclear how an exogenous peptide like p210 enters dendritic cells for antigen presentation by MHC-I to CD8+ T cells. The p210 peptide sequence is located within the proteoglycan (PTG) binding site of apoB-100, which is a known alternative mechanism for cell internalization of LDL. Antigens internalized by cell surface PTG binding are cross-presented on the MHC-I molecule. We therefore tested the mechanism of p210 internalization by dendritic cell (DC) surface PTG binding and investigated the CD8+ T cell function in response to p210 antigen presentation. Methods and Results: Bone marrow derived DCs from apoE-/- mice were primed with fluorescently tagged p210 (FITC-p210) for 4 hours in vitro. There was significantly increased FITC internalization in DCs treated with FITC-p210 compared to FITC alone (24.3±2.7% vs. 6.6±0.8%; P&lt;0.001; N=8 each) assessed by flow cytometry. Heparin significantly reduced internalization of FITC-p210 compared to no treatment (14.0±4.0%, N=4 vs. 29.9±6.7% N=9; P&lt;0.01). Treatment of DCs with p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside, an inhibitor of cell surface heparan sulfate chain addition, significantly reduced FITC-p210 internalization (10.5±1.5% vs. 22.8±10.0% P&lt;0.05, N=5 each) confirming the role of PTG binding. Adoptive transfer of p210-primed DCs into recipient apoE-/- mice significantly reduced CD8+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory cells compared to unprimed DC controls (0.26±0.04% vs. 0.37±0.05%; N=5 each; P&lt;0.01). Cytolytic activity against target DCs was significantly higher in CD8+ T cells from p210-primed DC recipient mice compared to controls (1.6±0.3% vs. 1.0±0.4% specific lysis; N=5 each; P&lt;0.05). There were no significant differences in CD8+ T cell activation markers. Conclusion: Internalization of p210 is mediated in part by DC surface PTG binding, resulting in significantly reduced CD8+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and increased cytolytic activity, suggesting unopposed CD8+ T cell effector function. Our results support the mechanism of p210 internalization by DC surface PTG increasing CD8+ T cell function.
666. Conversion of βA- to βS-Globin by Small Fragment Homologous Replacement (SFHR) in Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (HSPCs)
Authors: Alireza Abdolmohammadi, Rosalie Maurisse, Babak Bedayat, David De Semir, Judy Wai-Men Cheung, Dieter C. Gruenert
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

An ultimate goal of gene therapy is development of efficient methods to correct mutant genomic sequences in pathologic cells. In this study SFHR; an oligonucleotide-based gene targeting strategy; was used to convert A→ T in codon 6 of the β-globin gene of CD34+ Lin- Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) isolated from full term umbilical cord blood. HSPCs were transfected with a defined number of a 559-bp small DNA fragment (SDF) using the AMAXA Nucleofection/Electroporation system. After growing the transfected cells in stem cell media containing EPO for different time intervals up to 32 days, RNA was extracted and DNase I-treated before further analysis. RFLP analysis of a 430-bp PCR product generated from mRNA-derived cDNA with the DdeI enzyme indicated βA- to βS-globin conversion. Sequencing of the 430-bp amplicon also showed the conversion A→ T. These data are consistent with previous studies showing both conversion of βS- to βA-globin in SC1 cells and βA- to βS-globin in HSPCs after electroporation and microinjection of SDF, respectively. These studies represent a critical next step in developing SFHR as a therapy for sickle cell disease, in that , they demonstrate long-term SFHR-mediated modification of β-globin following mass transfection by electroporation of HSPCs. This work is supported by an NIH Fellowship Training Grant DK007636 and the CPMC Research Foundation.
30 day results from the SPACE trial of stent-protected angioplasty versus carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients: a randomised non-inferiority trial
Authors: P A Ringleb, J Allenberg, H Brückmann, H-H Eckstein, G Fraedrich, M Hartmann, M Hennerici, O Jansen, G Klein, A Kunze, P Marx, K Niederkorn, W Schmiedt, L Solymosi, R Stingele, H Zeumer, W Hacke
Journal: The Lancet (2006)
880. Suppression of Inflammation in a Rat Model of Arthritis Following Intramuscular Administration of AAV-TNFR:Fc Vector Pseudotyped with AAV Type 1 Capsid
Authors: Ziv Sandalon, Kurt Lustig, Haim Burstein
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

TNF-alpha antagonists such as anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibodies or soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors have proven to be useful therapeutics for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. Recently, we have demonstrated that local (intra-articular) or systemic (intramuscular) administration of an AAV2-ratTNFR:Fc vector, encoding the rat tumor necrosis factor-a receptor: immunoglobulin (IgG1) Fc fusion gene, to rats with experimental arthritis led to suppression of disease as reflected in decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, pannus formation, cartilage and bone destruction, and mRNA expression of joint proinflammatory cytokines. In the current study we employed a monoarticular arthritis model in rats that allow us to evaluate the long-term effect of TNFR:Fc expression on recurrence of joint inflammation. Monoarticular arthritis was initiated by injection of a small dose of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers (PG-APS) isolated from cell walls of group A streptocci into the hind ankle joints. This resulted in a flare of inflammation that resolved within 5 to 7 days. Thirty-two days later, reactivation of joint inflammation was induced only in the joints previously injured by intravenous injection of subarthropathic dose of PG-APS. Twenty-six days later, rats were administered intramuscularly with either vehicle or with AAV-TNFR:Fc vector pseudotyped with AAV type 1 capsid at a dose of 1E12 DNase-resistant particles (DRP). Four weeks post-vector administration, the mean levels of circulating TNFR:Fc protein was 21.5 μg/mL. PG-APS was then administered intravenously to induce a recurring flare of joint inflammation. As expected, animals that were treated with vehicle developed a significant flare of inflammation in their ankle joints. In contrast, the inflammatory response, measured by joint volume, was completely suppressed in AAV2/1-TNFR:Fc-treated animals. To assess the long-term effect of TNFR:Fc expression on suppression of arthritis in this model, animals are currently being evaluated for another round of remission and reactivation of joint inflammation.
Cancer Prevention in Primary Care: Reducing alcohol intake
Authors: J Austoker
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Alcohol is second in importance only to smoking as a proved cause of cancer.The risk associated with excessive alcohol consumption can be reduced by adopting national and local population based policies.The population approach is aimed at reducing the level of consumption across the whole population, which contains many modest drinkers.Underlying this approach is the fact that a larger proportion of the total morbidity and mortality attributed to alcohol in a population occurs in modest drinkers, even though individually they are at lower risk.This approach should be complemented by risk reduction initiatives in primary care, focused on high risk individuals.Several studies have shown the efficacy of brief interventions by general practitioners in patients with excessive alcohol consumption.Brief interventions, taking S to 10 minutes, use simple assessments to identify those at risk and provide information and advice.Evidence exists that general practitioners underuse oppor- tunities to identify and advise patients about excessive drinking.* Assess alcohol intake * Identify problem drinkers and people at risk * Recognise the synergistic effects: are people smoking as well?* Target those whose consumption is high * Use intervention in men who drink > 35 units a week and women who drink > 21 units a week * Provide brief advice and information specific to each patient * Inform patients about sensible levels in units of alcohol: for men S 21 units a week and for women S 14 units a week * Give appropriate health education literature * Agree on action plan * Plan follow up action * Consider referral when appropriate
Clinics led by nurse practitioners can work well
Authors: J Van De Pette, C. Mackie
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—F C Taylor and colleagues' solution to managing the considerable increase in workload that all anticoagulant clinics have experienced over the past few years is not radical enough.1 Most district general hospitals do not have sufficient medical staff to contemplate consultant led or registrar led anticoagulant clinics, and the use of junior medical staff is inappropriate.2

Seven years ago we introduced a similar system to the authors', with health care assistants …
Abstract 10779: Preoperative Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitor Use is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcomes Following Cardiovascular Surgery: Results of a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Anthony S Gemignani, Mahim Kapoor, Scott Cohen, Satish C Sharma, Gaurav Choudhary, Wen-Chih Wu
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (ACE inhibitors and ARBs) prior to cardiovascular surgery is common yet controversial. RAS inhibitor use has the potential risks of hy...
An Ethical Debate: Genetic testing for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in newborn infants: Clinicians' perspective
Authors: M. P Ryan, J. French, S. Al-Mahdawi, P. Nihoyannopoulos, J. G F Cleland, C. M Oakley
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<b>1616</b> <h3><b>Objectives:</b></h3> D-SPECT (Spectrum Dynamics) is a novel, cardiac-dedicated SPECT system based on solid-state detectors currently being utilized for non-invasive cardiac perfusion imaging. We evaluated whether D-SPECT can be reliably used for the diagnosis of transthyretin-associated cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR), using a beta-version software for image acquisition and processing. This is especially salient given the recent emergence of disease modifying therapies for ATTR which calls for a rapid and highly sensitive diagnostic tool. <h3><b>Methods:</b></h3> 50 subjects (56% male, age 72 + 14 years, BMI 29.6 + 8) referred for suspected ATTR were scanned sequentially, first using conventional gamma camera SPECT/planar system followed immediately by D-SPECT system for comparison. Imaging acquisition time was 8 minutes for planar system compared to 10 minutes for D-SPECT. TC-PYP dose administered was 18 + 3.5 mCi (range 10-26 mCi). We utilized a ß-version image acquisition and processing software to display myocardial uptake of Tc-99m-pyrophosphate and quantify it by calculating a Heart to Contralateral lung ratio (H/CL) from two separate yet similar sized regions. A previously validated H/CL ratio cutoff of greater than or equal to 1.5 was used for ATTR diagnosis. We used linear regression analysis to correlate the ratios obtained from the two imaging systems. <h3><b>Results:</b></h3> The group mean H/CL ratios obtained from conventional planar/SPECT system and the D-SPECT system were similar (1.19 + 0.20, range: 0.83-1.83 from conventional gamma camera compared to 1.22 + 0.20 , range 0.83-1.9 from D-SPECT). Correlation analysis by linear regression had an r<sup>2</sup> of 0.80, and a root mean square error of 0.08. Importantly, there were six positives or abnormal studies indicating ATTR cardiac amyloidosis utilizing standard gamma camera (12%). All six were also positive for ATTR cardiac amyloidosis on D-SPECT. <h3><b>Conclusions:</b></h3> Our single center analysis shows that the D-SPECT system is quantitively comparable to conventional gamma cameras for non-invasive diagnosis of ATTR. D-SPECT estimates of the H/CL ratio correctly identified all the positive ATTR studies performed by the standard gamma camera methodology. However, its advantages include compactness, region-centric scanning, higher sensitivity and higher resolution. In addition, due to its upright acquisition design, D-SPECT is a promising modality for patients who are unable to lie flat for conventional gamma camera systems either due to congestive heart failure or obesity.
Streptococcus equinus Endocarditis in a Woman With Pulmonary Histiocytosis
Authors: Leonardo A. Sechi
Journal: JAMA (2000)

To the Editor: Dr Miotti and colleagues1 found a significant decrease in the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission to infants after 6 months of breastfeeding in Malawi. However, some limitations may have weakened their conclusions.Whereas the main inclusion criterion was a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result for HIV at 6 weeks of life, more than 25% of the children had tested negatively earlier (lower quartile, 1.4 months). For the many cases estimated to have occurred before 3 months of life (Figure 2, in their article), the first negative PCR result was probably obtained very early, at a minimum of 0.7 months, and the first positive PCR result shortly after. Even by using dried blood spot,2 timing of acquisition of HIV infection cannot be ascertained for these children, who were nevertheless considered as cases of postnatal transmission in the analysis. The authors' assumption of underestimation of postnatal transmission during the first semester of life seems therefore unlikely.
Features of the Synovium of Individuals at Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications for Understanding Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: M. J. H. de Hair, M. G. H. van de Sande, T. H. Ramwadhdoebe, M. Hansson, R. Landewé, C. van der Leij, M. Maas, G. Serre, D. van Schaardenburg, L. Klareskog, D. M. Gerlag, L. G. M. van Baarsen, P. P. Tak
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2013)

Findings from previous studies have suggested that subclinical inflammation of the synovium does not coincide with the appearance of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-specific autoantibodies. This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between the presence of autoantibodies, changes in the synovium, and development of arthritis over time in a markedly larger, prospective study.
Abstract 4219: miR-34a, miR-93 and miR-200c - novel molecular regulators of osteosarcoma dormancy
Authors: Galia Tiram, Shiran Ferber, Paula Ofek, Noam Shomron, Taturo Udagawa, Sarit Aviel-Ronen, Iris Barshack, Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract There is an increasing interest in elucidating the mechanisms of the earlier stages in tumor progression, the point at which a dormant tumor acquires the ability to grow and metastasize. Although the tumor dormancy phenomenon has important implications for early detection and treatment of cancer, its biology and genetic characteristics are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRs), small non-coding RNA molecules which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, are emerging as key regulators in physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that specific miRs may also play a key role in the regulation of tumor dormancy and the “angiogenic switch”. We therefore established a pair of cell lines that generate dormant avascular or fast-growing angiogenic osteosarcomas in SCID mice (Saos-2-D and Saos-2-E respectively). Although these cells share similar growth rate in vitro, when inoculated into mice, Saos-2-E cells generate vascularized and palpable tumors within one month, while Saos-2-D cells remain avascular and non-palpable for a year. Following our hypothesis, miR arrays of Saos-2-D and Saos-2-E cells were performed. Several miRs that were differentially-expressed in the dormant versus fast-growing-tumor-generating cells were selected for further evaluation. Out of those miRs, miR-34a, miR-93 and miR-200c, when administered complexed with a polymeric nanocarrier, reverted several tumor cell lines forming fast-growing tumors to a dormant non-angiogenic phenotype, both in vitro and in vivo. We therefore propose that these three miRs play a role in the switch from dormancy to progressive disease in human osteosarcoma tumors. Uncovering new molecular targets involved in the tumor dormancy phenomenon could provide important tools for novel dormancy-directed tumor therapy strategies. Citation Format: Galia Tiram, Shiran Ferber, Paula Ofek, Noam Shomron, Taturo Udagawa, Sarit Aviel-Ronen, Iris Barshack, Ronit Satchi-Fainaro. miR-34a, miR-93 and miR-200c - novel molecular regulators of osteosarcoma dormancy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4219. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4219
Sunbeds in current use in Scotland: a survey of their output and patterns of use
Authors: None Mcginley, None Martin, None Mackie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Spectral irradiances of 100 commercially available sunbeds in current use have been measured. Ultraviolet (UV) A and UVB doses from sunbed use have been calculated and compared with doses likely to be received from solar radiation. The majority of sunbeds use UVA fluorescent tubes for irradiating the body and filtered metal halide lamps, which have a higher proportion of UVA1, for the face. The average minimum erythemal dose per session is 0.80, but irradiances for particular models varied by a factor of two to three primarily because of decline in lamp output with age. The UVA dose from a session on a sunbed is similar to that which might be received from 20 to 30 min sunbathing at a Mediterranean resort or 1 h on a sunny day in Glasgow, while UVB doses are 20–25% of this level. Responses from 200 current users of the sunbeds indicate that 38% had skin types 1 and 2, that 17% had more than 100 annual sunbed sessions and that 35% rarely or never used the goggles provided.