tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness of new antiviral regimens for treatment‐naïve U.S. veterans with hepatitis C
Authors: Alexis P. Chidi, Shari Rogal, Cindy L. Bryce, Michael J. Fine, Chester B. Good, Larissa Myaskovsky, Vinod K. Rustgi, Allan Tsung, Kenneth J. Smith
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Recently approved, interferon-free medication regimens for treating hepatitis C are highly effective, but extremely costly. We aimed to identify cost-effective strategies for managing treatment-naïve U.S. veterans with new hepatitis C medication regimens. We developed a Markov model with 1-year cycle length for a cohort of 60-year-old veterans with untreated genotype 1 hepatitis C seeking treatment in a typical year. We compared using sofosbuvir/ledipasvir or ombitasvir/ritonavir/paritaprevir/dasabuvir to treat: (1) any patient seeking treatment; (2) only patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis; or (3) patients with advanced disease first and healthier patients 1 year later. The previous standard of care, sofosbuvir/simeprevir or sofosbuvir/pegylated interferon/ribavirin, was included for comparison. Patients could develop progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma, undergo transplantation, or die. Complications were less likely after sustained virological response. We calculated the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and varied model inputs in one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We used the Veterans Health Administration perspective with a lifetime time horizon and 3% annual discounting. Treating any patient with ombitasvir-based therapy was the preferred strategy ($35,560; 14.0 QALYs). All other strategies were dominated (greater costs/QALY gained than more effective strategies). Varying treatment efficacy, price, and/or duration changed the preferred strategy. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, treating any patient with ombitasvir-based therapy was cost-effective in 70% of iterations at a $50,000/QALY threshold and 65% of iterations at a $100,000/QALY threshold.Managing any treatment-naïve genotype 1 hepatitis C patient with ombitasvir-based therapy is the most economically efficient strategy, although price and efficacy can impact cost-effectiveness. It is economically unfavorable to restrict treatment to patients with advanced disease or use a staged treatment strategy. (Hepatology 2016;63:428-436).
Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: David Kelsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Article Tools EDITORIAL Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.2.283 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11208816 Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer David KelsenxDavid KelsenSearch for articles by this author Show More Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.2.283 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Thyroid Dysfunction and Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: J P Delamere, D L Scott, D D Felix-Davies
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1982)

Musculoskeletal symptoms developing during the treatment of thyroid disease were studied in 150 patients; 17 developed a symptom complex of early morning stiffness together with shoulder girdle pain and weakness; similar symptoms were seen in only 3 of 100 controls. A prospective study of 16 patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis followed during the first 6 months of penicillamine therapy showed no changes in thyroid function tests. It is suggested that changing or abnormal thyroid status may precipitate or exacerbate musculoskeletal disease. Finally, in a retrospective study of 26 patients with both thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis, 4 patients had a simultaneous onset of both myxoedema and rheumatoid arthritis, the activity of which was greatly improved by correction of the hypothyroid state.
Association of heart rate recovery after exercise test with exercise capacity in patients with stable COPD
Authors: Haijian Liu, Jinming Liu, Wenlan Yang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective To study the relationship between heart rate recovery(HRR)after exercise test and disease severity in patients with COPD, and to assess its impact on the exercise capacity of COPD patients. Methods Arterial blood gas analysis (ABG),Pulmonary lung function test(PFT) and Cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET) were tested in 60 patients with stable COPD and 50 healthy volunteers, based on HRR,COPD patients were divided into HRR normal group and abnormal HRR group. Results exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake as percentage of predicted value, peak VO2%pred) ,peak HR and HRR significantly lower than controls in patients with COPD, restingHR significantly higher than controls. Compared with heart rate recovery normal group, FEV1%pred and exercise capacity decreased more significantly in abnormal heart rate recovery group. HRR was significant associated with FEV1%pred and peak VO2 (r=0.42,p<0.001 and r=o.52,p<0.001), multivariate regression analysis shows HRR and FEV1%pred can be used as independent predictors of the exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Conclusions In patients with COPD the degree of disease severity is associated with HRR, HRR and FEV1%pred are independently associated with exercise capacity in patients with COPD.
Increased generation of the arachidonic metabolites LTB4 and 5-HETE by human alveolar macrophages in patients with asthma: effect in vitro of nedocromil sodium
Authors: M Damon, C Chavis, JP Daures, A Crastes de Paulet, FB Michel, P Godard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the principal resident phagocytes in the human lung, and play a major role in local defence against environmental agents. It is now known that during asthma these cells take part in the amplification of the inflammatory mechanism. It has been demonstrated in vitro that they can be activated to generate leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), mediators with potent pharmacological properties. These two arachidonic metabolites were identified and quantified by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) performed in cell suspensions, and in cell free supernatants. AM from asthmatics, after stimulation by the calcium ionophore A23187 or opsonized zymosan, released significantly (p less than 0.05) more LTB4 than those from healthy subjects. The increase in LTB4 release could be evidence for in vivo activation. On the other hand, the levels of 5-HETE in the AM from asthmatics were significantly (p less than 0.03) higher than those in cells from healthy subjects. This intracellular increase could be correlated with a greater migratory ability of these inflammatory macrophages, as observed for eosinophils. The clinical efficacy of nedocromil sodium may be partly related to the decreases in LTB4 releasability and intracellular 5-HETE levels observed only in AM from asthmatic patients.
Specific Cytotoxicity In Vitro of Lymphocytes Sensitized in Culture Against Tumor Cells
Authors: Bilha Schechter, Abraham J. Treves, Michael Feldman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

The production of tumor-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity following in vitro sensitization of C57BL spleen cells against a syngeneic 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma was studied. Lymphocytes were sensitized on monolayers of the tumor cells for 4-5 days. The cytotoxicity was assayed by measuring the reduction in 3H-leucine and 3H-thymidine incorporation by target cells after interaction with the sensitized lymphocytes. Spleen lymphocytes sensitized on monolayers of 3LL tumor cells caused a high extent of lysis; such cells tested on C57BL or C3H fibroblast targets evoked only a low level of cytotoxicity. C57BL spleen cells sensitized on C57BL fibroblasts caused a low level of cytotoxicity when tested on a 3LL target. Thus cytotoxicity appeared to be tumor specific. The reduced incorporation into protein and DNA of target tumor cells caused by the sensitized lymphocytes was a measure of cell injury, which was more sensitive than direct cell count or uptake of 51CR. Lymphocytes from syngeneic tumor-bearing mice, tested 13-25 days after tumor inoculation, did not manifest in vitro cytotoxicity. On the contrary, such lymphocytes sometimes appeared to have a promoting effect on the tumor cells.
The individual does not feel an air hunger during the control apparatus of mechanical ventilation of his lungs
Authors: Michail Pogodin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The purpose of the research is to compare sensations on the chemical stimuli in natural breathing (NB) and in voluntary-controlled mechanical lungs ventilation (vcMLV). The individual controls the mechanical ventilation device by a certain movement of his hand and deliberately chooses the speed of air flow into his lungs, the respiratory volume and the rhythm of mechanical ventilation. 9 healthy adult males performed Read CO2 rebreathing tests. The inspiratory pneumotachogram and the capnogram were registered. Sensation of an air hunger was rated on three point original scale at each 30 seconds. During rebreathing tests, the ventilation of lungs was increased proportionally to the growth PETCO2. The tests were terminated when PETCO2 achieved 54±4 Torr. In NB conditions, the ventilation was 35±6 l/min. During vcMLV, the ventilation was higher (P
High Brain <i>myo</i>-Inositol Levels in the Predementia Phase of Alzheimer’s Disease in Adults With Down’s Syndrome: A <sup>1</sup>H MRS Study
Authors: Wei Huang, Gene E. Alexander, Eileen M. Daly, H. Umesha Shetty, Jack S. Krasuski, Stanley I. Rapoport, Mark B. Schapiro
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

An extra portion of chromosome 21 in Down's syndrome leads to a dementia in later life that is phenotypically similar to Alzheimer's disease. Down's syndrome therefore represents a model for studying preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease. Markers that have been investigated in symptomatic Alzheimer's disease are myoinositol and N-acetyl-aspartate. The authors investigated whether abnormal brain levels of myo-inositol and other metabolites occur in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease associated with Down's syndrome.The authors used 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with external standards to measure absolute brain metabolite concentrations in 19 nondemented adults with Down's syndrome and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy comparison subjects.Concentrations of myoinositol and choline-containing compounds were significantly higher in the occipital and parietal regions of the adults with Down's syndrome than in the comparison subjects. Within the Down's syndrome group, older subjects (42-62 years, N = 11) had higher myo-inositol levels than younger subjects (28-39 years, N = 8). Older subjects in both groups had lower N-acetylaspartate levels than the respective younger subjects, although this old-young difference was not greater in the Down's syndrome group.The approximately 50% higher level of myo-inositol in Down's syndrome suggests a gene dose effect of the extra chromosome 21, where the human osmoregulatory sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter gene is located. The even higher myoinositol level in older adults with Down's syndrome extends to the predementia phase earlier findings of high myoinositol levels in symptomatic Alzheimer's disease.
Identification of clinical and histopathologic risk factors for diminished renal function 2 years posttransplant.
Authors: P Nickerson, J Jeffery, J Gough, R McKenna, P Grimm, M Cheang, D Rush
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

The aim of this study was to identify early clinical and pathologic variates that independently predict diminished renal allograft function at 24 mo posttransplant. A clinical pathologic data base was prospectively derived from 71 patients in whom protocol renal biopsies were performed at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 mo posttransplant. The major end point was the 24-mo serum creatinine. Variates correlating independently (r2 = 0.67) with the 24-mo serum creatinine were the chronic biopsy scores (months 3 and 6), late rejections (months 4 to 6), cyclosporin A (CsA) levels (months 1 to 2), and delayed graft function. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for having a serum creatinine > or = 130 mumol/L at 24 mo increased for every year the donor age increased (OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.13; range, 9 to 55) or for each late rejection episode (OR = 5.9; 95% CI, 1.7 to 20.1), whereas a mean CsA level > 300 micrograms/L from months 1 to 3 was protective (OR = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.43). Variates correlating independently (r2 = 0.53) with the change in serum creatinine from 6 to 24 mo (delta Cr6-24) were the chronic biopsy scores at months 3 and 6. The adjusted OR of the delta Cr6-24 rising > or = +20 mumol/L increased for every year the donor age increased (OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.16; range 9 to 56) or when the 6-mo chronic biopsy score was > or = 2 (OR = 6.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 36.4). An estimate of the relative risk for diminished renal function at 2 yr can be assigned within 6 mo of transplant based on chronic pathology, late acute rejections, CsA levels, and donor age.
Anti-angiogenic effect of metformin in human liver carcinogenesis related to metabolic syndrome
Authors: François Cauchy, Mouniya Mebarki, Miguel Albuquerque, Samira Laouirem, Pierre Emmanuel Rautou, Olivier Soubrane, Eric Raymond, Pierre Bedossa, Valérie Paradis
Journal: Gut (2015)

Dear Editor,

We read with interest the work by Chen et al 1 who reported the decreased risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients treated with metformin in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Indeed, the metabolic syndrome (MS) is becoming one of the leading risk factors for liver carcinogenesis, mainly through the presence of diabetes.2 ,3 In addition to clinical data confirming previous studies,4 Chen et al 1 were the first to highlight experimental antitumoral effects of metformin both on hepatoma cell lines and on murine models through cell-cycle arrest via AMPK activation. However, whether these results are transposable in a clinical setting of HCC occurring in the specific context of MS has to date remained uncertain.

To address this issue, we analysed a series of eight surgically resected HCC samples obtained from diabetic patients with MS preoperatively receiving (n=4) or not metformin (n=4) for antidiabetic purpose. Their clinicopathological characteristics …
Abstract 15504: Heat Shock Protein 27 Mediated Atheroprotetion Requires Scavenger Receptor-A: Mechanistic Insight Into a Novel Therapeutic
Authors: Joshua E Raizman, Tieqiang Hu Hu, Yong-Xiang Chen, Samira Salari, Tara Seibert, Xiaoli Ma, Benjamin Hibbert, Trevor Simard, Xiaoling Zhao, Katey Rayner, Kathryn Moore, Edward O'Brien
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Scavenger Receptor-A (SR-A) plays a central role in foam cell formation and atherogenesis. Previously, we demonstrated that heat shock protein (HSP)-27 attenuates atherogenesis in Apo...
Thoracoscopic closure of distal bronchopleural fistulas, using tissue glue
Authors: U Aasebo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

Three patients with distal bronchopleural fistulas, in whom chest tube and drainage did not lead to closure of the fistulas, were successfully treated with tissue glue (Histoacryl), delivered through a thoracoscope. The fistulas were identified by injecting methylene blue through the suction canal of a fibreoptic bronchoscope. Patient 1 had multiple fistulas, needed several treatment sessions, and the effect lasted for 18 months, after which the fistulas recurred. The other two patients showed no sign of recurrence of the fistulas; in one patient until death from other causes after 4 months; and in the other for a follow-up period of 18 months.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in solid organ transplant patients: A CT challenge
Authors: Shahram Kahkouee, Davoud Kouche Baghi, Leila Mosadegh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a well known lethal disease in immunocompromised patients and the diagnosis mostly depends on tissue sampling and histopathology study.However the diagnostic role of imaging modalities for invasive aspergillosis has been highlighted in recent studies. Material and Methods: this retrospective study is conducted on 23 solid organ transplant patients diagnosed with IPA including18 lung,4 kidney and 1 heart transplantation with mean age of 33.6+- 11.6.HRCT and spiral chest CT scans were observed by a radiologist expert in chest imaging. Results: each patient manifests at least two of our variables.HRCT findings, in order of prevalence, were pulmonary nodules87%,halo sign61%,ground glass opacity 56.5%,consolidation52.5%,cavity47.8%,nodular infiltration with or without Tree in Buds pattern43.5%,hypodense sign21.7%,bronchiectasia17.4%,pleural effusion13%, interlobular septal thickening13%,pulmonary mass4.3% and air crescent sign4.3%. Pulmonary nodules were mostly seen in multiple pattern(80%) and >10mm in size(85%)and 40%of them were excavated. Regarding GGO,46%diffuse and56% patchy were found and of consolidation,42%patchy and 58%segmental were reported. Variables demonstrated no statistically significant difference in terms of age, gender,type of transplantation and post transplant period. Conclusion: the main imaging appearances of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis include combination of multiple parenchymal nodules, halo sign,GGO,consolidation and cavity but may present with some less common imaging findings like nodular infiltration, bronchiectasia and hypodense sign which should be awared of by radiologist in the presence of suspicious clinical settings.
Follicular large-cell lymphoma treated with intensive chemotherapy: an analysis of 89 cases included in the LNH87 trial and comparison with the outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte.
Authors: D Wendum, C Sebban, P Gaulard, B Coiffier, H Tilly, D Cazals, A Boehn, R O Casasnovas, R Bouabdallah, J Jaubert, A Ferrant, J Diebold, A de Mascarel, C Gisselbrecht
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to analyze clinical, histopathologic characteristics, treatment outcome, and prognostic factors of patients with follicular large-cell lymphoma (FLCL); and (2) to compare them with those of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLCL) treated in the same therapeutic trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-nine FLCL patients who were histologically reviewed and who received an intensive chemotherapy regimen according to the LNH 87 protocol were analyzed and compared with 1,096 B-cell DLCL patients included in the same protocol. RESULTS After intensive induction treatment, 59 patients (67%) achieved a complete remission [CR]. Estimated 5-year survival was 59%, and estimated 5-year freedom from progression (FFP) was 39%. Prognostic factors associated with shorter FFP were age greater than 60 years (P = .02), advanced clinical stage (P = .01), abnormal lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level (P = .02), abnormal beta-2 microglobulin (P = .02), B symptoms (P = .03), bone marrow involvement (P = .04), and high expression of bcl-2 protein (P = .05). When compared with B-cell DLCL patients, FLCL patients were younger (P = .02), had a better Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status (P = .05), less bulky mass (P = .04), more advanced clinical stages (P &lt; .001), and more bone marrow involvement (P = .02). No significant difference was observed between FLCL and DLCL patients for response to therapy (67% v 67% of CR), 5-year overall survival (58% v 51%), 5-year disease-free survival (53% v 57%), or FFP survival (39% v 43%). CONCLUSION FLCL patients have a favorable response rate and survival when treated with intensive chemotherapy. Their outcome is similar to that of B-cell DLCL patients, and a long-term FFP is observed for a substantial number of patients. Some adverse prognostic factors (including those of the International Prognostic Index, bone marrow involvement, and beta-2 microglobulin) have been identified to define a subset of patients who require other therapeutic approach.
The Natural History of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Lactation
Authors: J S Wand
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1989)

In a retrospective postal study of 27 women who have developed carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in the puerperium, the condition was found to affect predominantly elderly primiparous women (mean age 31.5 years). The condition was associated with breastfeeding in 24 women. The three who did not breastfeed had less severe symptoms which resolved within one month of onset. The symptoms developed a mean of 3.5 weeks following delivery, lasted 6.5 months and started to resolve within 14 days of weaning. Symptomatic treatments with either splintage, diuretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or steroid injections provided some benefit. Two patients required surgical decompression. All patients were symptom-free by one year.
Why women gain weight with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Authors: W Demark-Wahnefried, E P Winer, B K Rimer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE Among breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, weight gain is a common side effect that may decrease quality of life and potentially threaten survival. Weight gain during treatment is a problem that is clinically well appreciated, and one that has been studied by a number of investigators. DESIGN A literature review was conducted to address each of the following issues: (1) the prevalence and magnitude of weight gain in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer, (2) factors that might affect the amount of weight gained, (3) adverse consequences of weight gain, (4) mechanisms potentially responsible for weight gain, and (5) current dietary intervention programs directed toward women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS Weight gain is associated with a number of adverse effects in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Weight gains are exaggerated in premenopausal women and women receiving multiagent regimens. Little research has been conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms that contribute to weight gain in this population. CONCLUSION Interventions to prevent weight gain during adjuvant chemotherapy are underway; however, little research has been conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms of energy imbalance. Although changes in resting metabolic rate, thermogenesis, physical activity, and dietary intake are all plausible, no firm data exist to support any of these mechanisms. There is a need for research that explores the relative contribution of each of these factors to energy imbalance, so that optimally effective interventions can be created and implemented to combat this problem.