tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A carcinogenic potency database of the standardized results of animal bioassays
Authors: Lois Swirsky Gold, Charles B. Sawyer, Renae Magaw, Georganne M. Backman, Margarita De Veciana, Robert Levinson, N. Kim Hooper, William R. Havender, Leslie Bernstein, Richard Peto, Malcolm C. Pike, Bruce N. Ames
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The preceding paper described our numerical index of carcinogenic potency, the TD50 and the statistical procedures adopted for estimating it from experimental data. This paper presents the Carcinogenic Potency Database, which includes results of about 3000 long-term, chronic experiments of 770 test compounds. Part II is a discussion of the sources of our data, the rationale for the inclusion of particular experiments and particular target sites, and the conventions adopted in summarizing the literature. Part III is a guide to the plot of results presented in Part IV. A number of appendices are provided to facilitate use of the database. The plot includes information about chronic cancer tests in mammals, such as dose and other aspects of experimental protocol, histopathology and tumor incidence, TD50 and its statistical significance, dose response, author's opinion and literature reference. The plot readily permits comparisons of carcinogenic potency and many other aspects of cancer tests; it also provides quantitative information about negative tests. The range of carcinogenic potency is over 10 million-fold.
Assessing clinical trials--first steps.
Authors: S M Gore
Journal: BMJ (1981)

This is the first of a series of articles on assessing clinical trials and statistical methods.After a normal birth, what is the risk to a baby whose mother was subsequently found to have had an active Trichomonas vaginalis infection during the delivery ?Maternal Trichomonas vaginalis infection may cause neonatal vaginitisl 2 or urinary tract infection.3
Proposals for mental disorders specifically associated with stress in the International Classification of Diseases-11
Authors: Andreas Maercker, Chris R Brewin, Richard A Bryant, Marylene Cloitre, Geoffrey M Reed, Mark van Ommeren, Asma Humayun, Lynne M Jones, Ashraf Kagee, Augusto E Llosa, Cécile Rousseau, Daya J Somasundaram, Renato Souza, Yuriko Suzuki, Inka Weissbecker, Simon C Wessely, Michael B First, Shekhar Saxena
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Effect of QRS Duration and Morphology on Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Outcomes in Mild Heart Failure
Authors: Michael R. Gold, Christophe Thébault, Cecilia Linde, William T. Abraham, Bart Gerritse, Stefano Ghio, Martin St. John Sutton, Jean-Claude Daubert
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) decreases mortality, improves functional status, and induces reverse left ventricular remodeling in selected populations with heart failure. We aimed to assess the impact of baseline QRS duration and morphology and the change in QRS duration with pacing on CRT outcomes in mild heart failure. Methods and Results— Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (REVERSE) was a multicenter randomized trial of CRT among 610 patients with mild heart failure. Baseline and CRT-paced QRS durations and baseline QRS morphology were evaluated by blinded core laboratories. The mean baseline QRS duration was 151±23 milliseconds, and 60.5% of subjects had left bundle-branch block (LBBB). Patients with LBBB experienced a 25.3-mL/m 2 mean reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume index ( P &lt;0.0001), whereas non-LBBB patients had smaller decreases (6.7 mL/m 2 ; P =0.18). Baseline QRS duration was also a strong predictor of change in left ventricular end-systolic volume index with monotonic increases as QRS duration prolonged. Similarly, the clinical composite score improved with CRT for LBBB subjects (odds ratio, 0.530; P =0.0034) but not for non-LBBB subjects (odds ratio, 0.724; P =0.21). The association between clinical composite score and QRS duration was highly significant (odds ratio, 0.831 for each 10-millisecond increase in QRS duration; P &lt;0.0001), with improved response at longer QRS durations. The change in QRS duration with CRT pacing was not an independent predictor of any outcomes after correction for baseline variables. Conclusion— REVERSE demonstrated that LBBB and QRS prolongation are markers of reverse remodeling and clinical benefit with CRT in mild heart failure. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00271154.
Uteroglobin gene expression in the rabbit uterus throughout gestation and in the fetal lung. Relationship between uteroglobin and eicosanoid levels in the developing fetal lung.
Authors: A Peri, N H Dubin, R Dhanireddy, A B Mukherjee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Uteroglobin (UG) gene encodes a cytokine-like, multifunctional, antiinflammatory protein, with potent phospholipase A2-inhibitory activity. It has been suggested that during implantation this protein protects the embryos from maternal immunological assault, facilitates the maintenance of quiescence in the uterus throughout pregnancy, prevents the onset of premature labor, and helps maintain an inflammation-free respiratory organ. This latter function of UG is suggested to be accomplished by preventing hydrolysis of surfactant phospholipids by a lung-specific phospholipase A2. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and radioimmunoassay, we studied UG gene expression in the rabbit uterus throughout gestation and in the fetal lung. Here, we report that: (a) contrary to previous reports, UG gene expression in the rabbit uterus occurs throughout gestation with a precipitous decline just before parturition; (b) this gene expression is dramatically increased in the fetal lung with increasing gestational age; and (c) while there is an inverse relationship between the levels of UG, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha, a positive correlation was found in that of UG and leukotriene C4 in the fetal lung. Our results raise the possibility that dysregulation of UG gene expression, at least in part, may contribute to the onset of premature labor and the development of inflammatory lung disease in premature neonates.
Systemic, splanchnic and renal hemodynamic effects of a dopaminergic dose of dopamine in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Yannick Bacq, Christophe Gaudin, Antoine Hadengue, Dominique Roulot, Alain Braillon, Richard Moreau, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The effects of dopamine on kidney function have not been elucidated in patients with cirrhosis. Moreover, although increased portal pressure has been observed with supradopaminergic doses of dopamine in these patients, the splanchnic hemodynamic effects of low doses of dopamine have not been previously studied. Thus we studied the acute systemic, splanchnic and renal hemodynamic effects of a dopaminergic dose of dopamine (1.5 micrograms/kg body wt min) in nine cirrhotic patients. Plasma dopamine levels increased markedly from 35 +/- 20 pg/ml to 31,400 +/- 4,900 pg/ml during dopamine administration. A significant diastolic pressure decrease of 10% was associated with a 15% increase in heart rate. Cardiac output was not altered. Although dopamine significantly increased azygos blood flow by 16%, wedged and free hepatic venous pressures were not altered. Dopamine significantly increased renal blood flow by 31%, but did not change the glomerular filtration rate. We conclude that a dopaminergic dose of dopamine increases azygos blood flow but not the hepatic venous pressure gradient. Finally, although it increases renal blood flow, dopamine does not seem to have any beneficial effects on glomerular filtration rate in cirrhotic patients.
Airway cooling and rewarming. The second reaction sequence in exercise-induced asthma.
Authors: I A Gilbert, E R McFadden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

To determine if a relationship exists among the magnitude and rate of airway rewarming, and the severity of bronchial obstruction in thermally induced asthma, we had seven subjects perform three- to four-point stimulus response curves with isocapnic hyperventilation of frigid air with and without pretreatment with inhaled norepinephrine. The latter was employed to alter the heat supplied to the airway walls by producing vasoconstriction. 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV1) was measured before and 5 min after the cessation of each bout of hyperpnea and before and after norepinephrine. On a separate day, the subjects repeated the above challenges while the temperatures of the airstream in the intrathoracic airways were measured. Prenorepinephrine, FEV1 progressively decreased in a stimulus response fashion as ventilation rose, while norepinephrine shifted this curve to the right. As the level of ventilation increased, the size of the temperature difference between the cooling of hyperpnea and the rewarming of recovery followed suit, and their magnitude was linearly related to the severity of bronchial narrowing. Reducing the mucosal blood supply of the airways with norepinephrine limited rewarming and attenuated the obstructive response. These data demonstrate that the airway narrowing that develops following hyperpnea and the magnitude of the thermal differences are related, and that alterations in blood supply directly affect bronchial heat flux and influence obstruction.
Mortality patterns among workers exposed to chloromethyl ethers--a preliminary report.
Authors: R E Albert, B S Pasternack, R E Shore, M Lippmann, N Nelson, B Ferris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Chloromethyl methyl ether (CMME) has been used extensively as a crosslinking agent for ion-exchange resins. Commercial grades of CMME are contaminated to the extent of 2-8% with bischloromethyl ether, an alkylating agent which has been shown to be a very potent lung carcinogen in animals. Reports by other investigators in this and other countries have implicated CMME as a lung carcinogen in chemical workers. The purpose of the study reported here was to examine the lung cancer mortality experience with respect to intensity and duration of exposure in six of the seven chemical companies that account for virtually all of the CMME use in the United States. The study included about 1800 workers who were exposed in the period 1948 to 1972 and about 8000 workers not exposed to CMME from the same plants who served as controls. Exposed workers were characterized according to job description and duration of exposure. In several plants the intensity of exposure was numerically graded for each job category with adjustment for temporal changes in the plant processes. Social Security records were used to identify deaths among workers who had left the companies and death certificates have been obtained for virtually all known deaths. The age-adjusted death rate for respiratory cancer in the CMME exposed group as a whole was 2.5 times that in the control group, whereas death rates due to other causes were comparable. There was also a gradation of lung cancer risk according to intensity and duration of exposure and the time elapsed since the onset of exposure.
Traumatic Rupture of Interventricular Septum Proved by Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: SCOTT R. INKLEY, FRANK M. BARRY
Journal: Circulation (1958)

A rare complication of trauma to the heart is rupture of the interventricular septum. The diagnosis of an acquired lesion of the septum can be reasonably made from history and cardiac catheterization and early recognition is of importance if immediate surgical correction is indicated.
n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Fish, and Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Alessandra Tavani, Claudio Pelucchi, Eva Negri, Michaela Bertuzzi, Carlo La Vecchia
Journal: Circulation (2001)

The relation between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fish intake, and risk of coronary heart disease is controversial.An Italian case-control study including 507 patients with nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 478 hospital controls found a multivariate odds ratio (OR) of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.95) for the highest n-3 PUFA intake and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.98) for an intake of >1 portion of fish per week compared with >/=2 portions per week.Small amounts of n-3 PUFAs may be inversely related to AMI risk in this low-risk population.
Thallium-201 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomograms of Double Cancers: Lung and Breast
Authors: NORIHISA TONAMI, KUNIHIKO YOKOYAMA, TAKATOSHI MICHIGISHI, TAMIO ABURANO, KINICHI HISADA, YOH WATANABE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Thallium-201 SPECT is reported in a rare case with simultaneously developing double cancers of the lung and the breast. The TI-201 SPECT was initiated to evaluate mediastinal involvement from the lung cancer, and an abnormal tracer accumulation was unexpectedly found in the breast in addition to the pulmonary lesion.
The use of cationic MPEG-PCL-g-PEI micelles for co-delivery of Msurvivin T34A gene and doxorubicin
Authors: Shuai Shi, Kun Shi, LiWei Tan, Ying Qu, GuoBo Shen, BingYang Chu, Shuang Zhang, XiaoLan Su, XingYi Li, YuQuan Wei, ZhiYong Qian
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Relationship of Pretransplant Hepatobiliary Disease to Bile Duct Damage Occurring in the Liver Allograft
Authors: Robert H. Fennell, Robert H. Shikes, John M. Vierling
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Histopathological features of nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis have been described in primary biliary cirrhosis, chronic graft-vs-host disease, and chronic rejection of human liver allografts. To determine whether or not susceptibility to injury of interlobular bile ducts was related to the original hepatobiliary disease requiring transplantation, we compared the histopathology of allografts transplanted into two groups of patients. The first group consisted of patients whose original hepatobiliary diseases primarily affect bile ducts: primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis, and biliary atresia. The second group consisted of patients whose original hepatobiliary diseases do not result in injury to interlobular bile ducts. In 32 liver allografts studied histopathologically, the original disease did not recur. Interlobular bile duct damage occurred, however, in 17 of the 32 and resembled that seen in primary biliary cirrhosis. The spectrum of bile duct injury included mononuclear inflammation of the bile duct epithelium, destruction of the bile duct epithelium, and dissolution of the bile duct. There was no relationship between the frequency or severity of bile duct damage and original hepatobiliary disease, age, sex, duration of allograft survival, or cause of death. We conclude that nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis occurs frequently in liver allografts and represents one component of allograft rejection. This lesion resembles, in many respects, that seen in primary biliary cirrhosis so that histopathological differentiation may be difficult.
Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in typhoid.
Authors: A. C. Wicks, T. J. Stamps
Journal: BMJ (1970)

of being able to distinguish autosomal reces- sive cases.We need no longer be quite so cautious about genetic heterogeneity in giving genetic counsel, in evaluating methods of carrier detection, in investigating the mechanism, or in attempting the treatment of the disease.A minor consequence is that we may now assume that all mothers of isolated cases who are not carriers of the X-linked gene are ipso facto the mothers of new mutants.By proportional studies of the rate of detection of such mothers and of known carriers by serum creatine kinase estimation, together with a count of the incidence of isolated cases in the population, it is possible to make a relatively direct estimate of the mutation rate.In the North of England it is about 10-5 x 10-5 per gene per generation2-a very high figure, which is, however, confirmed by the use of Hal- dane's classical indirect method.-Iam, etc.,
SEROLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG AND BETWEEN THE STREPTOCOCCI AND PNEUMOCOCCI
Authors: Charles H. Hitchcock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Using the complement fixation reaction with whole bacterial solutions as antigens, it has been possible to confirm the existence, within the non-hemolytic streptococcus family, of two great groups. One of these groups, that which may be designated as of the left side, is related in an orderly way to the hemolytic streptococci; the other of the right side, is similarly related to the entire pneumococcus family. In addition, the hemolytic streptococcus family shows a reactive range which relates it, though less closely, to the non-hemolytic streptococci of the right side, and to the pneumococci. The existence of these cross-relationships is not associated with the precipitable substance of either family, but may tentatively be presumed to be dependent upon the properties of the protein or lipoid-protein fraction of the bacterial cell.
Takayasu's disease and giant cell arteritis--a single disease?
Authors: S A Cairns, S Oleesky
Journal: BMJ (1977)

ness in properly conducted double-blind comparisons with placebo.Such reports vastly outnumber reports showing no such differences.May I conclude, Sir, by asserting that the hazards of treatment with psychotropic drugs are far outweighed by the hazards of leaving untreated those illnesses for which they are indicated.
High magnification chromoscopic colonoscopy as a screening tool in acromegaly
Authors: D P Hurlstone
Journal: Gut (2003)

We read with great interest the paper by Jenkins et al ( Gut 2002; 51 :v13–14) regarding screening guidelines for colorectal cancer (CRC) and polyps in patients with acromegaly and the subsequent discussion by Renehan addressing screening inconsistencies compared with other high risk groups.1,2

The optimal colorectal screening modality and frequency in this group however requires clarification. Colonoscopy in this patient group is technically demanding and often complicated by inadequate bowel preparation.3 However, despite current controversies regarding true CRC risk categorisation in acromegaly, previous data from the largest published series showed a trend for adenoma and carcinoma formation in the right hemi colon.4 This is an important observation for many reasons.

Flat adenomas and carcinomas can be difficult to detect by conventional colonoscopy alone, often presenting as subtle mucosal erythema, mucosal pallor, fold convergence, interruption of innominate grooves, air induced deformation, or loss of vascular net pattern.5 The neoplastic risk for this morphologically distinct group has additionally been shown by many authors to …
A polycystin-2-like large conductance cation channel in rat left ventricular myocytes
Authors: T VOLK, A SCHWOERER, S THIESSEN, J SCHULTZ, H EHMKE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Several members of the PKD gene family (PKD2, PKDL and PKD2L2) are expressed in the heart. Polycystin-2 and its homologues, which are encoded by these genes, have recently been shown to form Ca(2+)-regulated nonselective cation channels in heterologous expression systems. Previously, large conductance nonselective cation channels (LCC) have been described in cardiomyocytes, however, their molecular identity remained obscure. We therefore examined whether LCCs may be formed by polycystins.Myocytes isolated from the rat left ventricle were investigated by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique and single-cell RT-PCR.Application of 10 mM caffeine to the bath solution to increase the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration led to activation of LCC in 56% of the myocytes investigated (total n=651), in approximately 10%, more than three LCCs were detected. The single channel conductance was approximately 300 pS for monovalent cations and the channel was relatively nonselective for the monovalent cations Na(+), K(+), Li(+), and Cs(+) and also permeable for the divalent cations Ca(2+) and Ba(2+), but impermeable for NMDG(+) and Cl(-). Amiloride (IC(50)=131+/-1.1 microM) and millimolar concentrations of the trivalent cations Gd(3+) and La(3+) inhibited the LCC. Single-cell RT-PCR analysis revealed that mRNA of PKD2 and PKD2L2, but not PKDL or PKD1 are expressed in individual rat left ventricular myocytes.The characteristics of LCC shown in the present study are nearly identical to those observed for polycystin-2 and its homologues suggesting that polycystin-2 or polycystin-2L2 underlie LCC in ventricular myocytes.
Pneumonia in Older Adults
Authors: Thomas M. File, James S. Tan
Journal: JAMA (2005)

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Editorial: The capgras phenomenon
Authors: H. H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A medical colleague had the habit of storing in his files what he called "foolish facts" of medicine. To tell the truth, his medicana were not at all foolish. His files were stuffed with readily available sources of information about unusual or rare medical diagnoses and phenomena. His collection was rewarding on many occasions when patients had symptoms or signs that were not "run of the mill." If that physician were alive today, surely he would have found, seized, and filed "The Capgras Phenomenon," by Merrin and Silberfarb, published in the August issue of<i>Archives of General Psychiatry</i>(33:965-968, 1976). The phenomenon, also called Capgras delusion, appears mainly, but not exclusively, in schizophrenic patients of both sexes and of somewhat older age at onset than is usual in schizophrenia. The clinical phenomenon is a delusional belief that a person close to the patient has been substituted for by one or
AnesthesiaGUIDE: HyperText Tool for Reference and Review
Authors: Stanley I. Samuels
Journal: JAMA (1996)

It was with mixed feelings that I sat down to review Dr Allen Gruber's AnesthesiaGUIDE. I should state at the outset that this had nothing to do with Dr Gruber's fine piece of work, but everything to do with the fact that the review was not to be the more usual medical text but, horror of horrors, a dreaded piece of Software. Is it possible to teach an old dog new tricks? How easy will it be to use? Will my coworkers be in suppressed states of hysteria as they watch me at the keyboard? A kindly colleague showed me how to insert and install the AnesthesiaGUIDE, and I was away and in charge. So far, so good. The author's kindly advice about attending a beginners class in computer literacy was happily not required for this navigator. What is AnesthesiaGUIDE? It is a hypertext tool to be used for reference
Granular Cell Tumors (“Myohlastomas”) of the Esophagus
Authors: F. Gloor, G. Clémençon
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)

A 48-year-old man suffering from antral carcinoma is submitted to endoscopy, whereby, beside of the antral carcinoma, unexpectedly and fortuitously two small granular cell tumors are found in the distal and proximal esophagus. Cases of esophageal granular cell myoblastomas published up to this date are reviewed and histological peculiarities of these otherwise histologically welldifined tumors are discussed.