tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RECURRENT ATTACKS OF GENERAL PARESIS AFTER 12 AND 18 YEARS
Authors: C W BARNETT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1960)

Case Reports1 September 1960RECURRENT ATTACKS OF GENERAL PARESIS AFTER 12 AND 18 YEARSC. W. BARNETT, M.D., F.A.C.P.C. W. BARNETT, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-53-3-585 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1942 Dattner and Thomas1pointed out that the most important indication of activity in neurosyphilis is the cell count in the spinal fluid. They believe that there is always a pleocytosis in progressive infections, and that a normal white count is good evidence of inactivity. Positive serologic tests or abnormal colloidal gold curves may persist for years in completely quiescent infections and may be disregarded. An elevated protein is of some significance, but is less important than the cell count. The outcome of treatment is considered to be entirely satisfactory if the cell count is normal and the protein...Bibliography1. DattnerThomas BEW: The management of neurosyphilis, Am. J. Syph., Gonor. and Ven. Dis. 26: 21, 1942. Google Scholar2. Thomas EW: Syphilis: its course and management, 1949, The Macmillan Company, New York, p. 239. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: San Francisco, California*Received for publication March 9, 1959.From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, San Francisco.Requests for reprints should be addressed to C. W. Barnett, M.D., Professor of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr., Palo Alto, California. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRelapses in the cerebrospinal fluid and acquired resistance to penicillin in cases of neurosyphilisSome Psychiatric Syndromes in Internal Medicine 1 September 1960Volume 53, Issue 3Page: 585-589KeywordsEmotionsLeukocytosisNeutrophilsProteinsSyphilis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1960 PDF downloadLoading ...
In Reply
Authors: Jude Fitzgibbon, Rosemary Gale, Robert Hills, Priya Virappane, Alan Burnett, T. Andrew Lister, David Linch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

We thank Medeiros for his interest in our recent study of Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. The data are broadly similar to an accompanying article by Paschka et al1 with regard to the frequency of WTI mutations in younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia with a normal karyotype, and to the adverse impact of such mutations independent of the mutational status of NPM1 and FLT3 internal tandem duplications (FLT3-ITDs). As noted by Medeiros, and in contrast to the study of Paschka et al, we chose not to include an analysis of the individual subsets of patients defined by the combination of the mutational status of NPM1 and FLT3-ITDs as part of our original submission. We were reluctant to present this data because we had seen no significant interaction between the impact of a WT1 mutation and the presence of an NPM1 mutation or an FLT3-ITD, and the individual subsets defined by these two parameters included too few patients with a WT1 mutation to facilitate robust interpretation.
Stem Cell Labeling using Polyethylenimine Conjugated (α-NaYbF<sub>4</sub>:Tm<sup>3+</sup>)/CaF<sub>2</sub> Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Liang Zhao, Artem Kutikov, Jie Shen, Chunying Duan, Jie Song, Gang Han
Journal: Theranostics (2013)

We report on a polyethylenimine (PEI) covalently conjugated (α-NaYbF4:Tm3+)/CaF2 upconversion nanoparticle (PEI-UCNP) and its use for labeling rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs). The PEI-UCNPs absorb and emit near-infrared light, allowing for improved in vivo imaging depth over conventional probes. We found that such covalent surface conjugation by PEI results in a much more stable PEI-UCNP suspension in PBS compared to conventional electrostatic layer by layer (LbL) self-assembling coating approach. We systematically examined the effects of nanoparticle dose and exposure time on rat mesenchymal stem cell (rMSC) cytotoxicity. The exocytosis of PEI-UCNPs from labeled rMSCs and the impact of PEI-UCNP uptake on rMSC differentiation was also investigated. Our data show that incubation of 100-µg/mL PEI-UCNPs with rMSCs for 4 h led to efficient labeling of the MSCs, and such a level of PEI-UCNP exposure imposed little cytotoxicity to rMSCs (95% viability). However, extended incubation of PEI-UCNPs at the 100 µg/mL dose for 24 hour resulted in some cytotoxicity to rMSCs (60% viability). PEI-UCNP labeled rMSCs also exhibited normal early proliferation, and the internalized PEI-UCNPs did not leak out to cause unintended labeling of adjacent cells during a 14-day transwell culture experiment. Finally, PEI-UCNP labeled rMSCs were able to undergo osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation upon in vitro induction, although the osteogenesis of labeled rMSCs appeared to be less potent than that of the unlabeled rMSCs. Taken together, PEI-UCNPs are promising agents for stem cell labeling and tracking.
A memorable patient: The need to know
Authors: R. W Stout
Journal: BMJ (1999)

ences the priority has been the issue of population growth in poor countries where high birth rates, poor maternal and child health, sexually transmitted diseases, abortion, unmet contraceptive needs, and sex inequalities are major obstacles to development, rather than the long term structural changes in population that lie ahead.The special session of the General Assembly called for a reversal of the decline in international assistance for population and reproductive health programmes, and universal access to reproductive health care and the widest possible range of contraceptive methods.With a larger world cohort of adolescents than ever before, and increasing and earlier exposure to sexual relations, unwanted pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases, its focus was primarily on young people.Some of the recommendations approved by the 180 nations that were represented drew vehement opposition from the Vatican, pro-life groups, and some conservative Muslim and Roman Catholic countries and were approved only after protracted, behind the scenes negotiations (in which Britain played a key part)-for instance, the recommendation for comprehensive reproductive and sexual health education and services for the 1 billion young people aged 14-25, including those who are not married. 20Even more contentious was the recommen-dation for unrestricted access to safe abortion in countries where abortion is legal.
Radiation therapy for carcinoma of the skin of the face and neck. Special considerations
Authors: C. M. Chahbazian
Journal: JAMA (1980)

APPROXIMATELY 300,000 new cases of carcinomas of the skin are diagnosed each year in the United States.<sup>1</sup>The great majority of these lesions are on the skin of the face and neck. The proximity of these neoplasms to important structures such as the eyes, nose, and ears has prompted this discussion of the role of radiation therapy in their management. Most carcinomas of the skin of the nose and eyelids are basal cell carcinomas, while most tumors arising on the pinna are squamous cell carcinomas. Despite the fact that cutaneous carcinomas of the face and neck are essentially totally curable, hundreds of patients in the United States annually die or become horribly disfigured through neglect or improper treatment. Radiotherapy of cutaneous carcinomas can be rewarding when the proper care and expertise are applied. The radiation therapist is afforded an unusual opportunity to deal with a highly curable malignant neoplasm,
Cisplatin exposure triggers the endocytosis and degradation of its major influx transporter hCTR1
Authors: Alison K. Holzer, Goli Samimi, Wiltrud Naerdemann, Roohangiz Safaei, Stephen Howell
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

1482  Cisplatin (DDP) is an important chemotherapeutic agent, but resistance to this drug develops rapidly during therapy. The mechanisms by which DDP enters and exits from cells are poorly defined, but the most common alteration identified in DDP-resistant cells is impaired accumulation of drug. DDP and copper (Cu) have very similar uptake properties, and we have previously reported that cells selected for resistance to DDP are cross-resistant to Cu and vice versa. Both types of cells have defects in the initial influx rate of Cu and DDP suggesting that DDP may enter and/or exit from cells via Cu transporters. The human copper transporter hCTR1 has recently been shown to affect DDP uptake (Holzer et al., Mol Pharm 66:817-823, 2004). However, DDP has also recently been shown to trigger the loss of hCTR1 from the plasma membrane (Holzer et al., Clin Can Res 10: 6744-6749, 2004). Within 5 minutes of the start of exposure to 2 μM DDP, endogenous hCTR1 in human ovarian carcinoma 2008 cells was found to have almost completely disappeared. In this study we investigated the mechanism by which hCTR1 is rapidly down-regulated in the same cell model. We examined the effect of DDP on the level of endogenous hCTR1 in the presence or absence of endocytotic, proteasomal and lysosomal inhibitors using a polyclonal antibody to the N-terminus of hCTR1, digital confocal microscopy and Western blotting. Inhibition of lipid raft-mediated endocytosis by 25 ng/mL nystatin blocked the loss of hCTR1 triggered by DDP exposure, while inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis with 6 ug/mL chlorpromazine did not affect the loss of hCTR1. Inhibition of the trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome by 15 uM lactacystin prevented DDP-induced degradation of hCTR1. Likewise, complete inhibition of proteasome function with av15 uM proteasome inhibitor cocktail (Calbiochem) prevented DDP-induced reduction in hCTR1 level. Inhibition of endosomal acidification by 100uM chloroquine also blocked the loss of hCTR1 following DDP exposure. This study confirms that DDP triggers the rapid loss of hCTR1 from ovarian carcinoma cells at clinically relevant concentrations. The results indicate the DDP-induced degradation of hCTR1 involves removal from the plasma membrane by a mechanism other than clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and that inhibition of either lysosomal or proteosomal function reduces the loss of hCTR1. Since hCTR1 is a major determinant of DDP uptake, prevention of its degradation offers the potential to enhance tumor sensitivity. Supported by grant DAMD 17-03-1-0158.
Abstract 15474: Serum Galectin-3 Level Predicts the Extent of Left Atrial Fibrosis in Lone Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Authors: Kadri M Gurses, Muhammed U Yalcin, Duygu Kocyigit, Hande Canpinar, Ugur Canpolat, Banu Evranos, Hikmet Yorgun, Mehmet L Sahiner, Ergun B Kaya, Dicle Guc, Mehmet A Oto, Kudret Aytemir
Journal: Circulation (2014)

BACKGROUND: Left atrial(LA) interstitial fibrosis is known to have a role in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation(AF). The role of galectin-3 in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis has been demonstrated in previous studies. We aimed to determine whether serum galectin-3 level is an independent predictor for the extent of left atrial fibrosis detected by delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging(DE-MRI) in lone AF patients. METHODS: 40 patients [51.50% male, 57 (28- 74) years] with lone atrial fibrillation who underwent DE-MRI were included in the study. Serum galectin-3 levels were measured with ELISA. RESULTS: Age (r=0.357, p=0.047), body mass index(BMI) (r=0.323, p=0.037), serum galectin-3 levels (r=0.847, p<0.001) and left atrial diameter(LAD) (r=0.610, p<0.001) were found to be significantly correlated with the extent of left atrial(LA) fibrosis in lone AF patients. Robust regression analysis demonstrated that among age, BMI, serum galectin-3 levels and LAD; only serum galectin-...
Teaching Global Health at the Frontlines
Authors: Javier Villafuerte-Galvez, Walter H Curioso
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Global health is a challenge to define, and even more of a challenge to improve. A broad definition of global health is given by the United States Institute of Medicine as “health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries, may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions” [1].

Most medical students in rich countries think that there should be more teaching on global health issues [2], and many have led the way in calling for global health to be included in their curriculum [3]. Little is known, however, about the experiences of teaching and learning about global health in medical schools in developing countries, which are in the frontlines of global health problems.

The experience of learning about global health in a developing country such as Peru is best described by the motto of the Gorgas International Post-Graduate Course taught at the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) every year: “Teaching tropical medicine in the tropics” [4]. UPCH and its collaborators have long recognized that infectious diseases training and research needs to be both hands-on and conducted in the actual context where public health challenges are encountered, enabling realistic evaluation and problem solving [4].

This essay discusses, from the point of view of a fourth-year medical student and a research professor, a one-week course on global health held at UPCH, which included a one-day road trip to the mining town of La Oroya near Ticlio, 15,610 feet above sea level in the Peruvian Andes.
Abstract 11280: Long-Term Therapy with a Partial Adenosine A1-Receptor Agonist Improves Left Ventricular Systolic Function and Prevents Progressive Ventricular Remodeling in Dogs with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Hani N Sabbah, Mengjun Wang, Ramesh C Gupta, Sharad Rastogi, Michael S Sabbah, Kefei Zhang, Barbara Albrecht-Kupper
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background:  Adenosine (AD) is an important component of the intrinsic cardioprotective arsenal of the heart. Many of the AD-induced protective effects are mediated through A1 receptor activation. The therapeutic use of AD A1 receptor agonists in cardiac diseases has been limited by undesirable actions of full AD A1 receptor agonism such as bradycardia. This study examined the long-term effects of partial AD A1-receptor agonism on left ventricular (LV) systolic function and chamber remodeling in dogs with chronic heart failure (HF) (LV ejection fraction, EF∼30%).   Methods:  Studies were performed in 12 HF dogs randomized to 3 months oral monotherapy with the partial A1 receptor agonist capadenoson (CAP) (7.5 mg twice daily, n=6) or to no therapy at all (Control, n=6). LV end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV) volumes, EF, mean aortic pressure (mAoP) and cardiac output (CO) were measured before initiating therapy (PRE) and at 3 months after initiating therapy (POST). Ambulatory 24 hours ECG Holter monitoring studies were also performed to determine average HR at PRE and POST. LV tissue obtained at POST was used for histomorphometeric assessment of volume fraction of interstitial fibrosis (VFIF), capillary density (CD), and myocyte cross-sectional area (MCSA), a measure of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.   Results:  In Controls, EDV and ESV increased and EF decreased while CO and mAoP were unchanged. In CAP-treated dogs, EDV and mAoP were unchanged, while ESV decreased and EF and CO increased significantly (Table). There were no differences in ECG Holters-derived HR at between groups (Table). Compared to Controls, treatment with CAP reduced VFIF and MCSA and increased CD.   Conclusions:  In dogs with HF, long-term therapy with CAP improves LV function and prevents progressive LV remodeling in the absence of significant HR or blood pressure reduction. The findings support continued development of partial A1-receptor agonists for the treatment of chronic HF.
Abstract 3945: Inhibition of MMP2 expression enhances the efficacy of radiation therapy for a murine astrocytoma
Authors: Ching-Fang Yu, Ying-Chieh Yang, Ji-Hong Hong, Chi-Shiun Chiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Radiation therapy (RT) remains the front-line treatment for high-grade gliomas; however, tumor recurrence remains the main obstacle for the clinical success of RT. Using a murine astrocytoma tumor cell line, ALTS1C1, we have previously shown that RT can effectively reduce primary tumor volume and increase mice surviving time, but the mice eventually died associated with increased tumor infiltration. In this study, we explore the role of MMP2 (Matrix metalloproteinase-2), a reported molecule associated with brain tumor invasion, on ALTS1C1 tumor response to RT. In this study, the MMP2 expression was inhibited by specific lentiviral-shRNA construct. Eight Gray of whole brain irradiation could only prolong the median survival days of brain tumor-bearing mice from 25 days to 28 days, but the inhibition of MMP2 expression by siRNA prolonged the median survival days of tumor bearing mice from 25 days to 42 days. The median survival days were further prolonged to 53 days when 8 Gy of radiation and MMP2 inhibition were concurrently applied. Immunohistochemical (IHC) results showed that the synergistic effect as a result of RT-caused vessel density decrease (inadequate vasculature) and the retardation of vessel maturation as a result of MMP2 inhibition-caused the decrease of pericyte-covered vessels (insufficient vessel function). This study provides a new treatment option for treating invasive brain tumors. (This study was supported by NHRI-EX103-10132BI and NSC 102-2314-B-007-003-MY3 grants) Citation Format: Ching-Fang Yu, Ying-Chieh Yang, Ji-Hong Hong, Chi-Shiun Chiang. Inhibition of MMP2 expression enhances the efficacy of radiation therapy for a murine astrocytoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3945. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3945
Comorbidities in the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ines Zayani, Fatma Chermiti Ben Abdallah, Amel Chtourou, Sofia Taktak, Ridha Mahouachi, Ali Ben Kheder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic airflow limitation and frequent co-morbid conditions.   Purpose:  To evaluate the prevalence of comorbities in patients with COPD and assess correlations between Body Mass Index (BMI) and exacerbations.   Methods:  Retrospective study including 120 patients with COPD. Symptoms, spirometry, peripheral oxygen saturation, BMI and comorbidities were obtained from patients records.   Results:  The mean age was 63,3±23 years. All patients were smoking for more than 10 years. 65,8% of patients had comorbidities and the most frequent ones were: systemic hypertension (52,5%), diabetes (32,5%), heart failure (20,8%), renal failure (8,3%), anaemia (8,3%), lung cancer (7,5%) and sleep apnea syndrom (SAS) (3,3%). Mean rate of exacerbations was 1,6/year. Patients with comorbidities had more exacerbations (2,4/year) than those without comorbidities (0,8/year). Considering their BMI, patients were divided into three groups: 17.5% had BMI > 25 kg/m 2 , 67,5% had 20 kg/m 2   2  and 17% had BMI 2 . Those with higher BMI (>25 kg/m 2 ) had more exacerbations (p=0,046).   Conclusion:  Comorbidities are very common in COPD. They are associated with more severe exacerbations. Results indicate a relation between BMI and rate of exacerbations.
SARS Attack: Reality vs Perception Collide During Students' Beijing Visit
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2003)

eases, the federal law provides for civil rights and due process. States have their own quarantine laws, but that may be changing. Thirtysix state governments have adopted “The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act” ( JAMA. 2002;288:622628). The act puts into law five basic public health functions: preparedness, surveillance, management of property (such as pharmaceuticals and hospitals), communications, and protection of persons (including quarantine). Gostin, along with colleagues from the Center for Law and the Public’s Health, coauthored the act at the request of the CDC. He said the document provides protection from onerous government intrusion into a person’s life. It’s important to ensure that the public authorities have all the power they need to stem the tide of an epidemic, including quarantine, but safeguards are needed to protect individuals against abuse of power, Gostin noted. “There has to be due process, review by the courts, and strong standards.” For the first time, the model act gives legal rights to those under quarantine issued by a state—they have to be assured safe environments, food, and clothing while under isolation. “Government always wants to appear it is strong and decisive, and nothing is as strong as depriving citizens of their liberty—we saw this in China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, and a little in Canada,” Gostin said. “But now the (US) government has to show that the risk from disease is real and not a subterfuge for discrimination,” he said.
Is norethisterone a lifestyle drug?
Authors: G. Bryant
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Asymptomatic haematuria All patients with haematuria should undergo cystoscopyEditor-Having just performed cystoscopy on a man of 36 who presented with bladder cancer five years ago, I am not reassured by Del Mar's so called evidence based survey of the likely diagnoses associated with occult haematuria. 1 The quoted studies are likely to have missed cases of bladder cancer because not all patients underwent cystoscopy.Only 24 of 255 subjects in Ritchie et al's study underwent both upper tract imaging and cystoscopy. 2 Among these, two cases of bladder cancer and one of bladder dysplasia (a premalignant condition) were found.The other 231 patients had not been adequately screened to exclude the presence of bladder cancer.There was no mention of long term follow up to confirm the absence of urological cancer in those who did not undergo initial cystoscopy.Similarly, not all of Hiatt and Ordonez's patients underwent a full urological evaluation, 3 which prompts doubts about the accuracy of the performance statistics quoted in this paper.Sultana et al performed cystoscopy and upper tract imaging in all patients referred over one year with microscopic haematuria. 4 In those aged over 50, five bladder cancers and one renal cancer were diagnosed in 126 patients.More recently Khadra et al performed full urological evaluation of 982 patients with occult haematuria. 5 Altogether 5% had bladder cancer, 4% stone disease, and 0.3% renal cancer.Current urological training emphasises the importance of obtaining a midstream specimen of urine, upper tract imaging, and particularly cystoscopy in all patients who have haematuria, whether microscopic or macroscopic and whether persistent or not.Flexible cystoscopy can now be performed in minutes under local anaesthesia.I believe that there has to be a very good reason for not performing cystoscopy in patients with occult haematuria as this is likely to lead to missed diagnoses of bladder and renal cancer.
Nuclear Cardiology
Authors: Berger Hj, Zaret Bl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THE application of nuclear-medicine techniques to cardiovascular disease is particularly appropriate because these procedures are essentially noninvasive and provide critical physiologic data that are generally unavailable by other techniques.Nuclear-cardiology techniques can be divided into three broad categories. The first involves the evaluation of myocardial perfusion and cellular viability; these studies employ radionuclides that pass through the capillary network and concentrate within myocardial cells on the basis of blood flow or the degree of necrosis or both. The second category uses radioactive tracers that have been derived specifically for imaging on the basis of their biologic activity; these techniques involve . . .