tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exosomes in cancer: small particle, big player
Authors: Xu Zhang, Xiao Yuan, Hui Shi, Lijun Wu, Hui Qian, Wenrong Xu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

Exosomes have emerged as a novel mode of intercellular communication. Exosomes can shuttle bioactive molecules including proteins, DNA, mRNA, as well as non-coding RNAs from one cell to another, leading to the exchange of genetic information and reprogramming of the recipient cells. Increasing evidence suggests that tumor cells release excessive amount of exosomes, which may influence tumor initiation, growth, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. In addition, exosomes transfer message from tumor cells to immune cells and stromal cells, contributing to the escape from immune surveillance and the formation of tumor niche. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the biology of exosomes as cancer communicasomes. We review the multifaceted roles of exosomes, the small secreted particles, in communicating with other cells within tumor microenvironment. Given that exosomes are cell type specific, stable, and accessible from body fluids, exosomes may provide promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and represent new targets for cancer therapy.
Visual detection of human infection with influenza A (H7N9) virus by subtype-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification with hydroxynaphthol blue dye
Authors: K. Nie, X. Zhao, X. Ding, X.D. Li, S.M. Zou, J.F. Guo, D.Y. Wang, R.B. Gao, X.Y. Li, W.J. Huang, Y.L. Shu, X.J. Ma
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Abstract 16508: Severity and Functional Outcome of Patients With Cardioembolic Stroke Occurring During Novel Oral Anticoagulant Treatment
Authors: Hirofumi Tomita, Joji Hagii, Norifumi Metoki, Shin Saito, Hiroshi Shiroto, Tomohiro Osanai, Minoru Yasujima, Ken Okumura
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Severity and functional outcome of patients with cardioembolic stroke (CE) that occurs during novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) treatment remain uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate these features in comparison with CE patients during warfarin treatment and no anticoagulants.   Methods and Results:  The consecutive 308 CE patients admitted to our stroke center within 48 hours after the onset from April 2011 through October 2013 and with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0 or 1 before the onset, were retrospectively studied.  Of all, 228 patients (74%) were treated with no anticoagulants (Non-AC), 67 with warfarin (22%), and 13 with NOAC (4%)(9 dabigatran and 4 rivaroxaban). The patients with warfarin treatment were further divided into the two groups by the PT-INR value at admission based on the Japanese Guideline: low range (INR 2  score before the onset did not differ among the four groups (2.9±1.4, 3.4±1.4, 3.2±0.9, and 2.8±1.4, respectively, p=0.17). Severity of stroke at admission was assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. It was 6±7 in WF-Tp and 7±8 in NOAC (p=NS), while it was 12±9 in Non-AC and 13±9 in WF-Lo (p=NS)(p=0.02 between WF-Tp and Non-AC, and p=0.04 between NOAC and Non-AC by the Steel-Dwass test). Functional outcome at discharge, assessed by mRS, was favorable in patients with WF-Tp and NOAC compared with Non-AC and WF-Lo groups: It was 1.7±2.0 in WF-Tp and 1.9±1.8 in NOAC versus 2.8±1.8 in Non-AC and 2.9±2.0 in WF-Lo (p=0.027 by the Kruskal-Wallis test). Of note, adherence in 3 NOAC patients was poor and other 3 NOAC patients had a temporary cessation of the therapy due to colon polypectomy and worsened renal function prior to the stroke onset.   Conclusions:  Severity of stroke and functional outcome of CE patients treated with warfarin in the therapeutic range or with NOAC are similar to each other, and are more favorable than those with no anticoagulants and with warfarin below the therapeutic range. Poor adherence and temporary cessation of NOAC are likely important for the occurrence of NOAC-associated CE.
Expression patterns of Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) at presentation and their modulation by intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIg) treatment: their role in prognosis
Authors: Athanasia Mouzaki, Maria Theodoropoulou, Ioannis Gianakopoulos, Vassiliki Vlaha, Maria-Christina Kyrtsonis, Alice Maniatis
Journal: Blood (2002)
The incidence and risk factors of invasive fungal infection after haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation without in vitro T-cell depletion
Authors: Y.-Q. Sun, L.-P. Xu, D.-H. Liu, X.-H. Zhang, Y.-H. Chen, H. Chen, Y. Ji, Y. Wang, W. Han, J.-Z. Wang, F.-R. Wang, K.-Y. Liu, X.-J. Huang
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Severity of sleep-disordered breathing is an independent predictor of metabolic dysfunction in a population with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Brian Kent, Deirdre Fitzgerald, Audrey Russell, Lynda Hayes, Geraldine Nolan, Walter McNicholas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

People with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) are at increased risk of insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, obesity is a major confounding factor in studies examining the impact of OSAS on the development of these sequelae. It remains uncertain if sleep-disordered breathing is an independent driver of metabolic dysfunction.

We sought to assess the influence of OSAS severity on metabolic health by prospectively studying the fasting lipid & glycaemic profiles of newly diagnosed OSAS patients. Subjects were stratified according to OSAS severity, and lipid profiles were compared between groups. The relationship between OSAS severity and metabolic health was examined using a hierarchical multivariate linear regression model.

239 subjects were studied. Those with severe OSAS were more obese, more likely to be male, and younger than those with mild-moderate disease. No significant difference was seen to occur in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, or serum triglycerides with OSAS severity. HDL-cholesterol was lower in subjects with severe OSAS (mild-moderate 1.18 mmol/l vs. severe 1.01 mmol/l; p<0.001). In univariate analysis, HDL level correlated inversely with apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) (r -0.323; p<0.001). This relationship persisted following adjustment for demographic, anthropometric, and other metabolic variables (β -0.152; p=0.043). Interestingly, this relationship was stronger for AHI than for markers of nocturnal oxygenation.

OSAS severity is independently associated with dyslipidaemia. Mechanistic studies examining the interaction of OSAS with obesity and adipose tissue function are required.
THE RELATION OF UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS TO RHEUMATIC FEVER IN CHILDREN
Authors: May G. Wilson, Eugenia Ingerman, Robert O. Dubois, Benjamin McL. Spock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1935)

The view that the rheumatic process is initiated or activated by streptococcal respiratory infections has met with wide acceptance. The evidence which has accumulated in support of this conception originated in the long recognized association of tonsillitis and rheumatic fever, as well as the so-called rheumatic sequelae of scarlet fever. The more recent observations of Glover (1), Schlesinger (2), Coburn (3), Collis (4) and others have stressed a broader view of streptococcad respiratory infections and have included such infections as pharyngitis, common cold, sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis and cervical adenitis. It is important to note that the presence of hemolytic streptococci in the flora of the throat during these infections has been considered by many observers as diagnostic of a streptococcal respiratory infection, the criteria for diagnosis being bacteriologic rather than clinical. Coburn and Pauli (5) from extensive epidemiological, bacteriological and immunological studies postulate that the hemolytic streptococcus initiates the rheumatic process. The majority of investigators emphasize the quiescent period (of apparent health), a period of approximately seven to twenty-one days between the respiratory infection and the subsequent rheumatic recurrence, lending support to the hypothesis that rheumatic fever is allergic in nature. Paul and Salinger (6) from historical family studies have described simultaneous waves of respiratory infections and rheumatic recrudescences in several members of the household. Similar observations have been reported by various investigators, occurring in schools, camps, hospital wards and convalescent homes. In some instances
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Is Expressed by Cortical Thymic Epithelial Cells and Mediates Thymocyte Adhesion. Implications for the Function of α4β1 (VLA4) Integrin in T-Cell Development
Authors: Daniel R. Salomon, Laura Crisa, Christopher F. Mojcik, Jennifer K. Ishii, George Klier, Ethan M. Shevach
Journal: Blood (1997)
Abstract 12834: Coronary Vasospasm Induced In Transgenic Mice With Variant Phospholipase C-{delta}1 (R257H)
Authors: Shuji Shibutani, Tomohiro Osanai, Toshihiro Ashitate, Shigeki Sagara, Kei Izumiyama, Kenji Hanada, Takashi Echizen, Hirohumi Tomita, Takeshi Miwa, Hiroaki Matsubara, Ken Okumura
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: We previously showed that the activity of phospholipase C (PLC)-δ1, a key enzyme for Ca2+ signaling in the coronary artery, was enhanced by 3 times in patients with coronary spastic angina (CSA), and was positively correlated with coronary vasomotility. We further showed that PLC-δ1 structural mutation, 864G-A variant, with the amino acid replacement of arginine 257 by histidine (R257H) was detected in CSA patients, and this variant PLC-δ1 activity was enhanced by 2 times. We examined the direct and causative role of structural mutant PLC-δ1 in the genesis of coronary spasm by generating the R257H variant PLC-δ1 overexpressing transgenic mice (TG). Methods and Results: In TG, the introduced human R257H variant PLC-δ1 gene was upregulated by 2 times in aorta. Double-staining with immunofluorescence microscopy comfirmed the enhanced PLC-δ1 expression in the coronary artery smooth muscle cells. TG showed elevated systolic arterial pressure by 6 mmHg (p<0.05) compared with wild type littermate mic...
Abstract 1586: Toxicity screening, apoptosis hallmark events and nitro reduction of novel quinolinium salts (BQS) on lymphoma cells
Authors: Karoline Rios-Rodriguez, Jessica Soto, Christian Velez, Osvaldo Cox, Juan P. Rivera, Beatriz Zayas
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of two novel benzazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium salts (ABQ-48 and NBQ48) on lymphoma cells (TOLEDO). The cationic nature of these BQS can facilitate its interaction with cell organelles such as mitochondria and DNA. To determine its potential cytotoxic effects the compounds were screened through the NCI 60 cell line protocol which determines the cell viability inhibitory activity in various cancer histological types. The IC50 dose for these compounds was determined and used to assess their apoptosis induction capacity evaluating apoptosis hallmark events such as DNA Fragmentation, Caspase 3&amp;7 activators and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Additionally cell reduction potential of the compounds was measured. Results from the NCI 60 cell line protocol demonstrated the toxicity of BQS in multiple cancer types including breast and colon cancer cells. Preliminary results indicated mitochondrial membrane permeabilization on cells treated with NBQ48 (51.3%) and ABQ48 (57.67%) comparable to the positive controls camptothecin (51.6%) and valinomycin (55.3%). Treated cells also presented DNA fragmentation with NBQ48 and ABQ48 (28%) comparable to the positive control 37%. Preliminary data for caspases 3&amp;7 activation strongly suggest an intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Analysis of the reduction of nitro substituted compound NBQ 48 to the amino substituted ABQ 48 on treated cells was determined by measuring an increment on fluorescence emission, characteristic of an amino specie. In conclusion, the study provides evidence of the induction of key apoptotic events as part of the mechanism of action of these novel BQS. Citation Format: Karoline Rios-Rodriguez, Jessica Soto, Christian Velez, Osvaldo Cox, Juan P. Rivera, Beatriz Zayas. Toxicity screening, apoptosis hallmark events and nitro reduction of novel quinolinium salts (BQS) on lymphoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1586. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1586
Interleukin-2 Activity Can Be Fine Tuned with Engineered Receptor Signaling Clamps
Authors: Suman Mitra, Aaron M. Ring, Shoba Amarnath, Jamie B. Spangler, Peng Li, Wei Ju, Suzanne Fischer, Jangsuk Oh, Rosanne Spolski, Kipp Weiskopf, Holbrook Kohrt, Jason E. Foley, Sumati Rajagopalan, Eric O. Long, Daniel H. Fowler, Thomas A. Waldmann, K. Christopher Garcia, Warren J. Leonard
Journal: Immunity (2015)
Arterial Wall Elastic Properties and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Diabetic Foot Syndrome in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Alexios S. Antonopoulos, Gerasimos Siasos, Theodosia Konsola, Evangelos Oikonomou, Nicholas Tentolouris, Christina Kollia, Nikolaos Gouliopoulos, Theodoros Zografos, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, Dimitris Tousoulis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Diabetic foot (DF) syndrome is the most common lower-extremity complication of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) (1). DF affects the quality of life of T2D patients and is associated with increased morbidity (2). T2D-related mechanisms induce endothelial dysfunction and adverse effects on vascular biology (3). We have recently shown that measurements of endothelial function and arterial stiffness are strongly associated with diabetic retinopathy (4), but their association with DF has not been explored yet.

To examine this, we enrolled 284 consecutive T2D subjects visiting our outpatient diabetes clinic and 196 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects without evidence of diabetes or cardiovascular or other disease. Subjects with known malignancy, hepatic impairment, or acute or chronic inflammatory disease were excluded from the study. Study protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Endothelial function was assessed by the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) were assessed by SphygmoCor (AtCor Medical) as …
Arguments delay setting up of European food agency
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Policymakers have only six months to break the deadlock over the remit and location of an influential new European agency if plans to strengthen the safety of food eaten in the 15 member union are to be in place next year as scheduled.

MEPs last week overwhelmingly backed the creation of a European Food Authority that would provide scientific risk assessment and advise EU and national institutions on a high level of human health protection. To underline its primary role, they are pressing for a name change to European Food Safety Authority.

British Labour MEP Phillip Whitehead, who prepared …
Prolonged bacteraemia caused by VIM-1 metallo-β-lactamase-producing Proteus mirabilis: first report from Italy
Authors: M. Falcone, M. Perilli, M.L. Mezzatesta, C. Mancini, G. Amicosante, S. Stefani, M. Venditti
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Calcitonin gene related peptide and N-procalcitonin modulate CD11b upregulation in lipopolysaccharide activated monocytes and neutrophils
Authors: Guillaume Monneret, Maud Arpin, Fabienne Venet, Karim Maghni, Anne-Lise Debard, Alexandre Pachot, Alain Lepape, Jacques Bienvenu
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2003)
Self-reported Sexual Function in Women and Androgen Levels—Reply
Authors: Susan R. Davis, Sonia L. Davison, Susan Donath, Robin J. Bell
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P265: Neighborhood Environments and Weight Change Among Individuals Participating in a Weight Loss Intervention
Authors: Dara D Mendez, Linda J Ewing, Yaguang Zheng, Christopher C Imes, Rachel W Goode, Juliet Mancino, Edvin Music, Lora E Burke
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Studies have shown that neighborhood factors (e.g., socioeconomic disadvantage, food sources) have been associated with weight. However, neighborhood factors are often overlooked in weight loss interventions, and few studies examine the influence of neighborhoods on weight change. We examined the neighborhood environment and its association with weight change in a 12-mo. weight loss intervention. Hypothesis: Individuals who live in obesogenic neighborhood environments (e.g., low income, absence of grocery stores) would be less likely to lose weight over time compared to those who live in healthy environments. Methods: This analysis included data on body weight assessed at 0 and 6 mos and calculated as percent change. Residential address at baseline was geocoded using ArcGIS software and assigned the appropriate census tract. Key neighborhood measures included grocery store and restaurant density, proportion Black and low income, and an index of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage. We tested differences in mean weight changes across the various neighborhood factors. Results: The sample (N=127) was 91% female, 80% White, mean age 51 years, and mean BMI 34. The mean percentage weight loss was 8.8% ±6%. Participants tended to live in neighborhoods that were predominately White, middle to high education, and low poverty. The proportion of Black residents in the neighborhood was the only neighborhood factor significantly associated with weight change. Neighborhoods with the lowest proportion of Black residents had the highest density of grocery stores and restaurants, were the highest income and had the lowest socioeconomic disadvantage score (see table below). Conclusion: Our findings are preliminary; however, they suggest future interventions need to address neighborhood factors to better understand how to improve weight loss for all population groups. This study should be replicated in a larger cohort with representation of individuals from various neighborhood types.
Attitudes and Practices in Postmortem Organ Procurement—Reply
Authors: Nirmala D. Ramalingam, Elisa J. Gordon, Lainie Ross
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Practical Guide to Anorectal Testing
Authors: Lee E. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Anatomy of the pelvic floor, rectum and anal canal clinic examination transit time ballon evacuation objectives and methodology of manometry (water perfusion techniques) colon motility and anosphincteric manometric recordings by air-filled balloon technique computerized anal sphincter manometry performance and analysis step-by-step anorectal manometry - small balloon tube defectography digital subtraction defectography measurement of perineal descent scintigraphic assessment of pelvic ileal pouch electromyographic techniques pudendal nerve evoked potentials determination of pudendal nerve terminal rectal compliance anal sensation the role of the co-ordinator biofeedback for constipation physiologic testing of the urinary tract anorectal ultrasound algorithm for constipation faecal incontinence evaluation.