tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intercalated Cell BK-α/β4 Channels Modulate Sodium and Potassium Handling During Potassium Adaptation
Authors: J. David Holtzclaw, P. Richard Grimm, Steven C. Sansom
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

The large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels help eliminate potassium in mammals consuming potassium-rich diets. In the distal nephron, principal cells contain BK-alpha/beta1 channels and intercalated cells contain BK-alpha/beta4 channels. We studied whether BK-beta4-deficient mice (Kcnmb4(-/-)) have altered renal sodium and potassium clearances compared with wild-type mice when fed a regular or potassium-rich diet for ten days. We did not detect differences in urinary flow or fractional excretions of potassium (FE(K)) or sodium (FE(Na)) between Kcnmb4-deficient and wild-type mice fed a regular diet. However, a potassium-rich diet led to >4-fold increases in urinary flows for both groups of mice, although Kcnmb4-deficient mice exhibited less urinary flow, higher plasma potassium concentration, more fluid retention, and significantly lower FE(K) and FE(Na) than wild-type mice despite similar plasma aldosterone levels. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased basolateral Na-K-ATPase in principal cells of all potassium-adapted mice, but expression of Na-K-ATPase in intercalated cells was >10-fold lower. The size of intercalated cells reduced and luminal volume increased among potassium-adapted wild-type but not Kcnmb4-deficient mice. Paradoxically, this led to increased urinary fluid velocity in potassium-adapted Kcnmb4-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Taken together, these data suggest that BK-alpha/beta4 channels in intercalated cells reduce cell size, increasing luminal volume to accommodate higher distal flow rates during potassium adaptation. These changes streamline flow across the principal cells, producing gradients more favorable for potassium secretion and less favorable for sodium reabsorption.
Aetiological Patterns in Delinquent Adolescents
Authors: F.H. Edwards
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1965)

Case Reports| February 11 2010 Aetiological Patterns in Delinquent Adolescents: A Survey of 66 Cases Seen at the Portman Clinic 1961–1964 Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology F.H. Edwards F.H. Edwards Richmond/Surrey Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1965) 13 (4): 256–264. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285783 Article history Published Online: February 11 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation F.H. Edwards; Aetiological Patterns in Delinquent Adolescents: A Survey of 66 Cases Seen at the Portman Clinic 1961–1964. Psychother Psychosom 1 April 1965; 13 (4): 256–264. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285783 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1965Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Charcot Neuroarthropathy of the Wrist in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: A. Paul Lambert, Colin F. Close
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Charcot neuroarthropathy typically affects the joints of the foot and ankle in diabetes (1); neuroarthropathy of the wrist is extremely rare (2,3).

A 53-year-old right-handed white Caucasian woman, who was a rose grower, presented to rheumatology with an uncomfortable, swollen right wrist. She had type 1 diabetes of 23 years’ duration and had undergone right ulnar nerve decompression at the elbow for focal entrapment neuropathy 3 years previously. She had residual wasting of the small muscles of the right hand with mild weakness of the abductor digiti minimi and sensory signs consistent with bilateral ulnar neuropathy (more marked on the right). At the right wrist, there was loss of 50o of both dorsiflexion and palmar flexion.

Plain X-ray showed cystic changes in the distal radius and carpus with …
Introductory Remarks Delivered in the Section of Public Medicine
Authors: H. W. Rumsey
Journal: BMJ (1870)

Chaucer's " Doctour of physike" must have been a graduate of some university.+ When the late Professor Whewell said " Medicine, in its original and comprehensive sense, as one of the great divisions of human culture, must be considered as taking in the whole of physical science," he probably referred to the revival rather than to the origin of medicine.
Abstract 2216: 6q15 deletion impede development of ERG fusion in prostate cancer
Authors: Martina Kluth, Maria Christina Tsourlakis, David Meyer, Antje Krohn, Fabian Freudenthaler, Melanie Bauer, Georg Salomon, Hans Heinzer, Uwe Michl, Stefan Steurer, Ronald Simon, Guido Sauter, Thorsten Schlomm, Sarah Jane Pauline Minner
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Deletions at chromosome 6q15 belong one to the most frequent alterations in pros-tate cancer, and are linked to poor prognosis. Furthermore, there is a marked inverse relationship between 6q15 deletions and TMPRSS2:ERG fusions in prostate cancer. While heterogeneity may limit the applicability of diagnostic molecular markers, it is important to estimate in vivo heterogeneity and the sequel of appearance of potential prognostic markers. In case of one alteration developing after the other, we would expect a small area of cancer having both alterations within a larger area having only one (the first appearing) of these changes. In this study, we used our heterogeneity tissue microarray approach as a surrogate method to determine in vivo heterogeneity of 6q15 deletions and TMPRSS2:ERG fusions. We constructed a heterogeneity TMA containing samples taken from 10 dif-ferent tumor containing tissue blocks of 189 prostate cancers. Each prostate con-tained 1 to 6 individual cancer foci allowing the molecular analysis of more than 350 tumor foci. 6q15 deletion was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and ERG expression by immunohistochemistry. Only 6.6% of 334 ERG positive but 28.4% of 440 ERG negative TMA spots showed 6q15 deletions (p&amp;lt;0.0001). A breakdown of these data to the level of tumor foci re-vealed 6q deletions in 34 tumor foci that were large enough to have at least 3 ana-lyzable TMA spots. The cohort included 42 tumor foci with a homogeneous ERG pos-itivity and 15 with a homogeneous 6q deletion. Remarkably, six of 42 homogeneously ERG positive tumor foci (14.3%) were focal 6q15-deleted, but none of 16 homogene-ous 6q15-deleted foci showed focal ERG positivity in the same tumor area (p=0.022). In conclusion of our study, the complete absence of ERG positive tumor foci in 6q15-deleted cancers suggests that the functional consequences of 6q15 deletions may prevent the development of TMPRSS2:ERG fusions. However, the development of 6q15 deletions is independent of the ERG status. Citation Format: Martina Kluth, Maria Christina Tsourlakis, David Meyer, Antje Krohn, Fabian Freudenthaler, Melanie Bauer, Georg Salomon, Hans Heinzer, Uwe Michl, Stefan Steurer, Ronald Simon, Guido Sauter, Thorsten Schlomm, Sarah Jane Pauline Minner. 6q15 deletion impede development of ERG fusion in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2216. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2216
Management of airway complications of burns in children.
Authors: E Vivori, R E Cudmore
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Children who have been exposed to smoke in a confined space or who have soot or burns, however minimal, on the face should be admitted to hospital. Respiratory distress may be delayed, but if it is progressive the patient should be curarised, intubated, and mechanically ventilated. Unless ventilation continues for 48 hours, followed by 24 hours' spontaneous respiration against a positive airway pressure, stridor and pulmonary oedema may recur. An endotracheal tube small enough to allow a leak between it and the oedematous mucosa must be passed to prevent laryngeal damage and subsequent subglottic stenosis. High humidity of inspired gases keeps secretions fluid and the endotracheal tube patent. A high oxygen concentration compensates for deficient oxygen uptake and transport caused by pulmonary lesions and the presence of poisonous compounds interfering with oxygen transport. Dexamethasone to minimise cerebral oedema and antibiotics to reduce the incidence of chest infections should be given.
Haiti: the emergency is over
Authors: N. Rose
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Six months after the earthquake in Haiti the bar at the Plaza Hotel on the Place des Heros de l’Independence near the collapsed Palais National in Port-au-Prince is again packed with journalists and photographers. It is a media constructed anniversary. This time round the journalists’ checklist includes questions about the unintended damage caused by aid, the stuckness and growing dependency of a million internally displaced people still under canvas, and the slow rate of progress of just about everything. Meanwhile an unremarked watershed has slipped by, symbolised for me by two recent events.

The first was the reopening of the national school of nursing. As a mental health specialist, I was asked to give a seminar to nursing students on their return to studies. Eighty one second year students had died when their teaching block collapsed. The seminar took place in a large marquee erected on the flattened rubble where their classmates had died. I brought a generator to power the fans and projector in what were unbearably hot conditions. The director of education, Madame Nazaire, watched protectively from nearby. Before me sat more than 100 young women, immaculately dressed in starched white and dark blue uniforms. Yet I knew that most still lived in tents. I had also learnt from Madame Nazaire that many had lost family members as well as classmates. Up to that point the meaning of what was happening was poignant but not emotional. 

Then, quite spontaneously, the girls started to sing. It was a hymn sung in unspoken memory of those not there and a reminder that the notion of “family” in Haiti includes not just the living but also the dead and those yet to be born. For …
Emergency colonoscopy for distal intestinal obstruction syndrome in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: R G Shidrawi, N Murugan, D Westaby, K Gyi, M E Hodson
Journal: Gut (2002)

Recent advances in the treatment of cardiorespiratory complications in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have improved median survival and resulted in gastrointestinal complications becoming more evident.1,2 The distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) develops due to the accumulation of viscid muco-faeculent material in the terminal ileum and right hemicolon.3 Reduced intestinal water content, lower luminal acidity of the foregut, and accumulation of intraluminal macromolecules contribute to the development of DIOS.4 Typically, patients develop progressive symptoms and signs of small bowel obstruction. A plain abdominal x ray will reveal dilated loops of centrally placed small bowel, with faecal loading at the terminal ileum and right hemicolon (see fig 1). Most cases will respond to the aggressive use of laxative agents administered orally and rectally, intravenous hydration, pancreatic supplements, and N -acetylcysteine (Parvolex) and gastrografin (meglumine diatrizoate) orally or per rectum.5–8 Surgical decompression has been reserved for refractory cases but carries a …
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF DETECTING CASTS IN THE URINE.
Authors: WALTER S. HAINES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

As is well known, two methods are in use for obtaining the sediment from urine for the purpose of microscopic examination. The oldest and most frequently used is by natural subsidence. A quantity of the urine is placed in a cylindric or conical vessel and allowed to stand at rest for twelve or twenty-four hours, or even longer, when the sediment thrown down is removed by a pipette and a drop or more of it examined under the microscope. The other method is by the use of the centrifuge; the urine being placed in suitable tubes and subjected to rapid revolution the sediment is quickly thrown to the outer ends of the tubes, from which it may readily be removed by a pipette and placed under the microscope for examination. Each of these methods has its advantages and each its disadvantages. The method by subsidence has the advantage of permitting
STUDIES ON THE NASAL HISTOLOGY OF EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTION IN THE FERRET
Authors: Thomas Francis, C. H. Stuart-Harris
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

A study has been made of the nasal histology in normal ferrets and in ferrets during and after infection with epidemic influenza virus. During the acute stage of infection the respiratory epithelium of the nasal mucous membrane undergoes necrosis with desquamation of the superficial cells and exudation into the air passages, and an inflammatory reaction occurs in the submucosa. Repair begins on the 4th day after infection, and from the 6th to the 14th day the respiratory area is covered successively by a transitional, a stratified squamous, and finally a stratified columnar epithelium. By the 21st day after infection the epithelium has been largely restored to normal but repair in the submucosa and cartilage is still in progress. The respiratory mucosa is substantially normal in structure 1 month after infection although minor abnormalities of cellular arrangement and type can still be distinguished.
RETROVERSIO UTERI AND PERIUTERINE INFLAMMATION.
Authors: E. E. MONTGOMERY
Journal: JAMA (1896)

<h3>Gentlemen:</h3> This patient is 22 years of age, puberty occurred at 16, menses were regular, periods lasted four days and were without pain. She has been married four years and three years since had one child. The labor was normal. She had one abortion near the third month of gestation, two years ago. This abortion, owing to retention of the fetal envelope, was followed by pelvic inflammation. Since then she has complained of dull, aching pain in the back and left side, aggravated at the menstrual periods. Micturition is normal. She has had no leucorrhea, appetite is fair, and the bowels are regular. On examination the uterus was found retroflexed, the body of the organ large, a certain amount of fixation upon the left side, and more or less tenderness. In this patient we have a history of suffering from puerperal inflammation of the uterus, and the inflammation has extended
Nephropathy of Secondary Syphilis
Authors: Maruti S. Bhorade
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Two patients illustrate the clinical and pathological spectrum of renal involvement in secondary syphilis. The first patient had a transient nephrotic syndrome (acute syphilitic nephrosis), with mild proliferative changes shown on light microscopy and subepithelial electron-dense deposits on electron microscopy. The second patient had hemorrhagic nephritis, with diffuse, axial, proliferative and exudative changes shown on light microscopy and subepithelial hump-like deposits on electron microscopy. Immunofluorescent study, done in the first case, revealed subepithelial deposits of IgG and complement (β<sub>1</sub>c-globulin) along the glomerular basement membrane. This provides further evidence that the nephropathy of secondary syphilis is an immune-complex disease.
A REPORT OF TWO CASES OF MYXEDEMA WITH REMARKS ON AN ANOMALOUS TYPE.
Authors: J. M. ANDERS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Myxedema is a general disorder of metabolism, dependent upon diminished or lost thyroid function. Among various morbid processes affecting the gland and which have been observed to give rise to myxedema are the following: atrophy, atrophy associated with calcareous degeneration, atrophy with enlargement of the pituitary body, actinomycosis, syphilitic degeneration of the organ, and the presence of neoplasms. It is to be recollected, however, that disease of the thyroid is not followed by cachexia strumipriva, provided even a small portion of the gland remains functional. The truth of this dictum was shown by the postmortem findings in the case contributed by Sieveking,<sup>1</sup>in which sarcoma had invaded the thyroid. This fact is also fully confirmed by the results of experimental extirpation of the thyroid in animals; total removal of the gland is regularly followed by myxedema (except functional accessory thyroids be present), while if even one-tenth of it is
Sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides and severity of childhood asthma in Costa Rica
Authors: Gary M. Hunninghake, Manuel E. Soto-Quiros, Lydiana Avila, Ngoc P. Ly, Catherine Liang, Jody S. Sylvia, Barbara J. Klanderman, Edwin K. Silverman, Juan C. Celedón
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Forthcoming Elections to Council
Authors: J. H. Swan
Journal: BMJ (1964)

the absurdly low salaries paid to hospital junior medical staff.He has also unfortu- nately an extremely low opinion of general practitioners and the work they do.He seems to subscribe to the " your life in their hands " type of thinking, whereby the glamour and therefore importance of surgery outweighs the routine and the humdrum.No one has said that general practitioners do 90% of the work.What they do is to deal with 90% of the people wanting medical advice.The 10% that they have to refer is in no general practitioner's opinion inferior or less time-consuming that the cases they deal with themselves.No general practitioner would equate the prescribing of an expectorant to the saving of a man's life by the removal of an extra- dural haematoma; just as no surgeon would
Abstract 5310: Activation of FGFR3 by genomic fusion in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
Authors: Sarah V. Williams, Carolyn D. Hurst, Margaret A. Knowles
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract FGFR3 is frequently activated by mutation in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. We demonstrate here a further method of activation, by gene fusion following chromosomal re-arrangement. Four fusions with transforming acid coiled-coil 3 (TACC3) resulting from 4p16.3 re-arrangement were identified. A fifth fusion following t(4;7) was with BAI1-associated protein 2-like 1 (BAIAP2L1), also known as IRTKS (Insulin Receptor Kinase Substrate) on chromosome 7. The FGFR3-TACC3 fusions involve four different genomic re-arrangements resulting in three different transcripts. The fusion proteins show constitutive phosphorylation, activation of the MAPK pathway and transform NIH-3T3 cells. All have lost the final exon of FGFR3, which includes the PLCγ1 binding site. Thus PLCγ1 pathway activation and known PLCγ1-induced effects in normal urothelial cells were not induced. The FGFR3-BAIAP2L1 fusion retains most of BAIAP2L1 including the IRSp53/MIM domain (IMD) that mediates actin binding and Rac interaction, while the FGFR3-TACC3 fusions all retain the TACC domain that mediates microtubule binding. As cells containing these fusion genes are highly sensitive to FGFR-selective agents, detection of fusion genes may be useful in selecting patients for targeted therapy. Citation Format: Sarah V. Williams, Carolyn D. Hurst, Margaret A. Knowles. Activation of FGFR3 by genomic fusion in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5310. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5310
Candida Meningitis Complicating Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Orest J. Parrillo
Journal: JAMA (1962)

MENINGITIS due to Candida albicans has rarely been reported in the literature and then only as a serious manifestation of systemic candidiasis. In 1933 Smith and Sano first reported a patient who died of disseminated moniliasis with meningeal involvement. The incidence of Candida infection, especially in debilitated patients with acute or chronic disease, has risen sharply with the increased usage of broad spectrum antibiotics and the steroid hormones. The superimposed infection usually presents as an oropharyngeal, entercolic, vulvovaginal, or bronchopulmonary involvement. Dissemination occurs on occasion with involvement of various systemic organs, the central nervous system, and at times the endocardium. Prior to the discovery of amphotericin B in 1955, the disseminated forms of mycotic disease were invariably fatal, and very few cases of apparent recovery of Candida meningitis treated with other agents have been reported in the literature. Results since then have been encouraging, especially in cases of systemic cryptococcosis
RECEPTOR FOR THE FOURTH COMPONENT OF COMPLEMENT ON HUMAN B LYMPHOCYTES AND CULTURED HUMAN LYMPHOBLASTOID CELLS
Authors: Viktor A. Bokisch, Alain T. Sobel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

This report describes receptors for C4b on human peripheral B lymphocytes. The simultaneous presence of C3b and C4b receptors on the same lymphocytes was demonstrated by the formation of mixed rosettes consisting of the lymphocytes, EAC14 and EAC1423. Furthermore, reduction of the number of EAC1423 rosette-forming lymphocytes in a lymphocyte population by albumin gradient centrifugation concomitantly reduced EAC14 rosette-forming lymphocytes. Binding of EAC14 intermediates to receptors on human lymphocytes and erythrocytes could be inhibited by equal amounts of soluble C3b or C4b, suggesting the presence of a single receptor for both ligands on those cells. In contrast, the results of the rosette assay with Raji cells, cultured human lymphoblastoid cells, EAC14 and EAC1423 suggested that the receptors for C4b and C3b are distinct entities, since Raji cells formed rosettes with EAC1423, but not with EAC14. Moreover, this report demonstrates a cooperation of erythrocyte-bound C4b and C3b in the binding of EAC1423 to B lymphocytes. In contrast to KAF-treated C3b, KAF-treated C4b did not bind to B lymphocytes, indicating that these cells lack a receptor for C4d.