tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Focus: Edinburgh: The media: help or hindrance to medicine?
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Opinion polls continue to rate doctors right at the top in the eyes of the public, way above estate agents and car salesmen and also above journalists. But how much does the medical profession owe to the media in maintaining this position and how have relations between the two changed? While agreeing that newspapers, television, and the radio now played a much greater role in reporting medical stories, speakers at the recent meeting of the BMA's Junior Members Forum in Edinburgh had different answers influenced by their jobs or personal experience.

Some doctors now feel that they are being tried by the media and with health considered more as a commodity more medical decisions are being questioned. This is the view of Dr Jonathan Gabe, a senior research fellow at Royal Holloway University, London. The patient's charter has encouraged more people to complain and litigation has increased. He doesn't think …
NHS trusts are using cash meant for sexual health services to balance their books
Authors: Kaye M McIntosh
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Primary care trusts are diverting millions of pounds away from sexual health services to balance their books, a group of medical charities has said. Just 30% of primary care trusts say they plan to spend the extra funding given to them for sexual health services for its intended purpose, a report by the HIV and AIDS charity the Terrence Higgins Trust and other charities warns.

The review of trusts' local delivery plans found that the need to invest in sexual health services was “overshadowed by the pressure on PCTs [primary care trusts] to achieve financial balance,” despite the government providing £250m ($440m; 荤360m) in extra funding. The local delivery plans set out what services the trusts will commission up to 2008. …
HIV disease and Malassezia yeasts: a quantitative study of patients presenting with seborrhoeic dermatitis
Authors: R.C. SCHECHTMAN, G. MIDGLEY, R.J. HAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) is a disease that affects 1—3% of the general population, 3–5% of young adults and 20–83% of patients with AIDS. Malassezia yeasts have been associated with the pathogenesis of this condition. The association between the Malassezia yeasts and HIV‐related SD is still a controversial subject. The objective of our study was to investigate the role of Malassezia yeasts in the pathogenesis of SD in the HIV population comparing the number of yeasts'cells with the severity of the disease and degree of immunosuppression. We used two quantitative counting methods: direct counting with Sellolape‐stripped skin and recovery of the yeasts in culture using contact plates. This investigation has demonstrated that there is a trend between numbers of yeasts present on lesional skin, severity of SD and CD‐4‐positive T lymphocytes count in HIV‐positive patients. No quantitative differences were observed between HTV‐reiated and non‐HIV related SD.
Diabetes Mellitus and the Hypoprothrombinemic Response to Warfarin
Authors: Timothy H. Self, Jack Hood, Stephen T. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Although the pharmaceutical manufacturer of warfarin sodium (Coumadin) has stated that diabetes mellitus is one of the factors possibly responsible for a decreased hypoprothrombinemic response to the drug, to our knowledge there are no data in the literature to support this claim. Therefore, we studied the effects of warfarin on the prothrombin time (PT) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.  Subjects and Methods.—  Patients for the study were found by retrospective and prospective chart review. Excluded from the study were patients with decreased liver function or thyroid disease, those taking any medication reported to interact with warfarin,1and those with a history of alcoholism or other drug abuse. All patients included in the investigation were hospitalized at the beginning of and during at least five to seven days of warfarin therapy. Patient information recorded included age, race, sex, diagnosis, all medications, and pertinent laboratory data such as
Effects of cycling and rigor crossbridges on the conformation of cardiac troponin C.
Authors: J D Hannon, D A Martyn, A M Gordon
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The results of work by several investigators indicate that crossbridge attachment serves as a positive feedback mechanism that transiently increases the Ca2+ affinity of troponin C (TnC) during each normal heartbeat. To monitor structural changes in the cardiac isoform of TnC (cTnC) associated with Ca2+ binding and crossbridge attachment in muscle, we labeled cTnC with the sulfhydryl-specific fluorescent probe 2-(4'-iodoacetamidoanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (IAANS). When IAANS-labeled cTnC (cTnCIAANS) was substituted for endogenous TnC, the fluorescence intensity of cardiac and skeletal muscle preparations increased substantially during rigor crossbridge attachment in the absence of Ca2+ (pCa 9.2). In cardiac muscle, the fluorescence signal increased the same amount in rigor and maximal activation, whereas in skeletal muscle, it was higher in rigor (rigor: cardiac and skeletal = 1; pCa 4.0: cardiac = 0.98 +/- 0.13, skeletal = 0.59 +/- 0.05). This indicates that crossbridge attachment alone is capable of influencing the structure of cTnCIAANS. Because the relative fluorescence intensity of cTnCIAANS was more sensitive to Ca2+ than was force in both preparations (cardiac: pCa50 fluorescence = 6.05 +/- 0.05, pCa50 force = 5.51 +/- 0.11; skeletal: pCa50 fluorescence = 5.94 +/- 0.13, pCa50 force = 5.65 +/- 0.14), we measured the Ca2+ sensitivity of the strong crossbridge attachment (sinusoidal stiffness was measured by imposing 1 kHz at 0.1-0.2% muscle length) in rat trabeculae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
1063-58 A randomized placebo-controlled trial of abciximab for prevention of in-stent restenosis in diabetic patients after coronary stenting
Authors: Wai-Hong Chen, Upendra Kaul, Sum-Kin Leung, Yuk-Kong Lau, Huay-Cheem Tan, Albert Wai-Suen Leung, Michael Kang-Yin Lee, Shu-Kin Li, William Ng, Pui-Yin Lee, Chu-Pak Lau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis.
Authors: A Arora, S K Acharya
Journal: Gut (1990)

Control 12 (03)f 60 (8 0)t 136 (2 04) 34 0 (0-7)4 36-7 (3-9)4 044 (0O09) § 4-0 (0°5)11 Albumin 0 9 (0-2) 73(11) 136(1 5) 52-0 (12)* 31-0 (2-9) 0-23 (0 05)* 5 9(1-7)
Allergic Reaction to Transfused Cephalothin Antibody
Authors: Donald R. Branch
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Antibodies to cephalothin sodium (Keflin) can be transferred passively via whole blood transfusion. In one case a mild allergic-type reaction was initiated in a patient who was receiving cephalothin therapy. This case is differentiated from a penicillin-caused allergic reaction. All patients that demonstrate allergic-type transfusion reactions should give drug histories. Investigation of passive transfer of antibodies to these drugs might be of benefit in any evaluation made.
Tuberculosis and Body Build
Authors: Dixie E. Snider
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In a recent editorial, Comstock<sup>1</sup>said lean, underweight tuberculin reactors have a significantly higher risk of developing tuberculosis than persons above, or at, ideal body weight. Because many physicians may be unfamiliar with the data that support this assertion, a short review of the relevant literature seems appropriate. The notion that a certain kind of body build predisposes a person to tuberculosis dates back at least to Hippocrates.<sup>2</sup>In the early part of this century, Reed and Love<sup>3</sup>studied US Army recruits before and during World War I and found that tuberculosis developed much more frequently among men who were tall and thin than those who were short and heavyset. This build was not thought to be a result of tuberculosis since it was present long before disease became clinically evident. Similar findings were reported by Long and Jablon<sup>4</sup>among men entering the army during World
Experimental Large-Volume Hemodilution
Authors: HOWARD L. GADBOYS, ROBERT S. LITWAK, JUNICHI ISHIGURO, MELVIN KAHN
Journal: Circulation (1965)

1. Large-volume hemodilution was experimentally performed with a standardized reservoir arteriovenous fistula preparation in which intra- and extracorporeal volumes were kept constant. Vasopressors, buffers, hypothermia, and overinfusion were not employed. 2. Control studies with 10 ml/kg of various diluents revealed hemodynamic, volumetric, and biochemical stability of the experimental preparation. 3. Homologous blood exchange (100 ml/kg) with heart worm-free donors and recipients caused arterial hypotension, hepatic and pulmonary congestion, and depressed renal function. 4. All diluents tested produced hypotension and metabolic acidosis under the conditions of the experiment when used in amounts approximately equivalent to canine blood volumes. Ten per cent of the diluted animals expired from shock. 5. Blood pressure was initially better sustained with low molecular weight dextran, dextrose-Ringer's-albumin, and dextrose-Ringer's solutions, but the effect was short lived. 6. Cardiac outputs and total blood volumes did not change appreciably during the exchange infusions. Hematocrit changes reflected maintenance of intravascular volume. Peripheral resistance fell significantly, shortly after the onset of constant volume exchange. 7. Osmolality and oncotic activity of the diluents showed no clear-cut relationship to over-all stability of the infused animals. 8. The clinical advantages of hemodilution have been well established. Hemodynamic, volumetric, and biochemical differences between clinical perfusions and the experiments outlined herein attest to the roles of over-infusion, buffering, and hypothermia in ameliorating the experimentally observed sequelae. 9. The data suggest that the search should be continued for a more ideal blood substitute, as well as for low-prime, high-flow extra-corporeal systems.
Acute necrotizing encephalitis.
Authors: D. Line, G. Poole
Journal: BMJ (1968)

or any other drugs.A further liver biops) (percutaneous) was performed in April 1967 and showed marked sinusoidal congestion with disappearance of parenchymal cells around the central veins.Fibrosis was less marked than in the previous biopsy, and the lobular architecture was maintained.A small hepatic vein showed eccentric fibrous thickening of its intimal coat diminishing the lumen of the vessel by about one-third.A central vein was similarly partly occluded.At this time liver function tests were normal apart from alkaline phosphatase 27 King-Armstrong units and bromsulphalein retention 19% at 30 minutes.Her health is now excellent, she has gained 1 stone (6.4 kg.) in weight, there has been no recurrence of abdominal pain or swelling, and her liver is only just palpable.-Weare, etc.,
Progress in Biocybernetics
Authors: Julia T. Apter
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Biocybernetics is the study of regulating mechanisms observable in machines and in living organisms. As the brain recognizes messages in nerve impulses, computers recognize programmed instructions; both are communication regulators. As a metal thermostat regulates room temperature, the brain regulates body temperature; both are feedback regulators. This second appearance of<i>Progress in Biocybernetics</i>contains two articles that define cybernetics fully and others that give some sophisticated examples of biological regulators that should interest physicians. I would suggest that a reading start with Rapaport's fine handling of "The Impact of Cybernetics on the Philosophy of Biology" and continue with Chapman's advice on teaching the subject; both authors are experts who define biocybernetics entirely verbally. The remaining articles rely more on mathematics which the reader may, however, overlook, for the authors often supplement equations verbally and pictorially. Indeed, this book could interest a variety of readers. The analysis by Newell and Simon,
Addictive potential of drugs is concern in pain relief
Authors: Beverly J. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Many physicians and patients fear more frequent and larger dosages of analgesics as recommended by Robert N. Butler, MD, because they believe there is always the chance that the patient may become addicted, especially when narcotics are involved. Heroin in particular is feared. Yet claims of heroin's addictive potential may be exaggerated, according to Robert L. DuPont, MD, of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. DuPont is one of the few individuals who has done research on addiction associated with heroin usage. His studies indicate that even among long-term street users only about 10% become addicts. (This does not mean DuPont supports medical use of heroin. "We still need to know first if it has a therapeutic effect," he says.) Lee Robins, PhD, of Washington University, found similar small rates of heroin addiction in working with drug-using veterans of the Vietnam War. In some of his writings, Robert G. Twycross,
Prognostic Significance of <i>p14ARF</i>, <i>p15INK4b</i>, and <i>p16INK4a</i> Inactivation in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Authors: Makoto Endo, Chikashi Kobayashi, Nokitaka Setsu, Yusuke Takahashi, Kenichi Kohashi, Hidetaka Yamamoto, Sadafumi Tamiya, Shuichi Matsuda, Yukihide Iwamoto, Masazumi Tsuneyoshi, Yoshinao Oda
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

p14(ARF), p15(INK4b), and p16(INK4a) are tumor suppressor genes that are located closely at 9p21 and are often coinactivated by genetic or epigenetic alterations. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare sarcoma with poor prognosis. However, the prognostic implications of inactivation of p14(ARF), p15(INK4b), and p16(INK4a) in MPNSTs have not been adequately investigated. Here we carried out a genetic, epigenetic, and expression analysis of p14(ARF), p15(INK4b), and p16(INK4a), and clarified the prognostic significance of their inactivation in MPNSTs.p14(ARF), p15(INK4b), and p16(INK4a) protein expressions were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 129 formalin-fixed samples of MPNST including 85 primary tumors. Thirty-nine samples, for which frozen material was available, were also investigated by Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) to detect p14(ARF), p15(INK4b), and p16(INK4a) protein and mRNA expression, and by multiplex real-time PCR, PCR single strand conformation polymorphism and methylation-specific PCR to detect p14(ARF), p15(INK4b), and p16(INK4a) gene alterations.Immunohistochemically decreased expressions of p14(ARF), p15(INK4b), and p16(INK4a) were observed in 48%, 54%, and 49% of primary MPNSTs, respectively, and were significantly correlated with their concordant mRNA levels. As for gene alterations, homozygous deletion of CDKN2A was detected in one third of the cases. Inactivation of p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) was associated with poor prognosis by both univariate and multivariate analyses. Furthermore, cases with inactivation of all p14(ARF), p15(INK4b), and p16(INK4a) genes showed the worst prognosis in a combined prognostic assessment.A comprehensive analysis of p14(ARF), p15(INK4b), and p16(INK4a) inactivation status provides useful prognostic information in MPNSTs.
Abstract P6-05-22: Young-onset breast cancer exhibits a more aggressive tumor biology
Authors: N Cabioglu, A Bozdogan, D Eren-Boler, H Kara, H Karayagiz, C Uras
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Objective: Previous studies demonstrated poorer survival in patients with young-onset breast cancer. Therefore, we investigated the distinguishing molecular characteristics associated with young onset breast cancer. Material and Methods: Between September and February 2013, 506 patients with breast cancer, who underwent surgery at our institution, were retrospectively analyzed tailored by age ≤40 (n = 94; 18.6%) and &amp;gt;40 to determine clinicopathological and biological differences. Therefore, molecular subtypes were determined by immunohistochemistry for ER, PR, Ki67, and HER2-neu. Results: The median age was 50 (27-87). Patients aged ≤40 presented with more advanced disease (stage III/IV; 34% for ≤40 vs 20% for &amp;gt;40, p = 0.003). Among patients, who underwent surgery as initial treatment (n = 411), patients ≤40 were more likely to have or tumors with invasive ductal carcinoma type (p = 0.049), or tumors &amp;gt;20 mm (p = 0.033), or axillary positivity (p = 0.003), or with multifocality/multicentricity (p&amp;lt;0.001), or with high nuclear grade (p = 0.019), or with histological grade (p = 0.023), or lymphovascular invasion (p = &amp;lt;0.001), higher Ki-67 expression (%15≤) rates (p = 0.014), or lower luminal A rates (luminal-A vs other; p = 0.04) compared with patients aged &amp;gt;40. Furthermore, logistic regression analyses revealed presence of multifocality/multicentricity (OR:2.6; 95% CI: 1.4-4.5; p = 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (OR:2.1; 95% CI: 1.2-3.6; p = 0.008), and molecular subtype other than luminal A (OR:2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.1; p&amp;lt;0.001) were significant features that were associated with breast cancer aged ≤40. Conclusion: Our results suggest that tumors of patients with younger age exhibit a more aggressive biology compared to patients older than 40 as shown by molecular subtype analyses that could result in poor prognosis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-05-22.
Creating National Air Pollution Models for Population Exposure Assessment in Canada
Authors: Perry Hystad, Eleanor Setton, Alejandro Cervantes, Karla Poplawski, Steeve Deschenes, Michael Brauer, Aaron van Donkelaar, Lok Lamsal, Randall Martin, Michael Jerrett, Paul Demers
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Population exposure assessment methods that capture local-scale pollutant variability are needed for large-scale epidemiological studies and surveillance, policy, and regulatory purposes. Currently, such exposure methods are limited.Methods: We created 2006 national pollutant models for fine particulate matter [PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5)], nitrogen dioxide (NO2), benzene, ethylbenzene, and 1,3-butadiene from routinely collected fixed-site monitoring data in Canada. In multiple regression models, we incorporated satellite estimates and geographic predictor variables to capture background and regional pollutant variation and used deterministic gradients to capture local-scale variation. The national NO2 and benzene models are evaluated with independent measurements from previous land use regression models that were conducted in seven Canadian cities. National models are applied to census block-face points, each of which represents the location of approximately 89 individuals, to produce estimates of population exposure.Results: The national NO2 model explained 73% of the variability in fixed-site monitor concentrations, PM2.5 46%, benzene 62%, ethylbenzene 67%, and 1,3-butadiene 68%. The NO2 model predicted, on average, 43% of the within-city variability in the independent NO2 data compared with 18% when using inverse distance weighting of fixed-site monitoring data. Benzene models performed poorly in predicting within-city benzene variability. Based on our national models, we estimated Canadian ambient annual average population-weighted exposures (in micrograms per cubic meter) of 8.39 for PM2.5, 23.37 for NO2, 1.04 for benzene, 0.63 for ethylbenzene, and 0.09 for 1,3-butadiene.Conclusions: The national pollutant models created here improve exposure assessment compared with traditional monitor-based approaches by capturing both regional and local-scale pollution variation. Applying national models to routinely collected population location data can extend land use modeling techniques to population exposure assessment and to informing surveillance, policy, and regulation.
Profound thrombocytopenia related to G‐CSF
Authors: Jason C. Kovacic, Peter Macdonald, Judith Freund, John E.J. Rasko, Roger Allan, Vivian B. Fernandes, David Ma, John Moore, Robert M. Graham
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Severe thrombocytopenia in association with G-CSF therapy is extremely rare. Here we report a case of profound thrombocytopenia in a 57-year-old male with refractory cardiac ischemia, who received G-CSF during an angiogenesis trial. After 5 days of G-CSF therapy (10 microg/kg/day) the platelet count fell progressively to a nadir of 5x10(9)/L. The patient received steroid, immunoglobulin and platelet support and recovered without sequelae. Subsequent investigations suggested an underlying immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, which we hypothesize was exacerbated by G-CSF therapy.
Patient Self-Management of Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: Benton M. Wheeler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters21 June 2005Patient Self-Management of Oral AnticoagulationBenton M. Wheeler III, MDBenton M. Wheeler III, MDFrom The West Clinic, Memphis, TN 38120.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-12_Part_1-200506210-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The design of the study by Menéndez-Jándula and colleagues on patient self-management of oral anticoagulant therapy (1) has some important limitations. The authors compared monthly conventional management of anticoagulant therapy with weekly self-management and reported no significant difference in unadjusted percentages of end-range international normalized ratios (INRs). However, this is an unfair comparison.In my office, prothrombin times are checked every 2 weeks and then weekly if the dose has to be adjusted. Patients who do not require frequent dose adjustments can have this interval increased to 3 or 4 weeks. It would seem more reasonable for ...Reference1. Menendez-Jandula B, Souto JC, Oliver A, Montserrat I, Quintana M, Gich I, et al. Comparing self-management of oral anticoagulant therapy with clinic management: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:1-10. [PMID: 15630104] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From The West Clinic, Memphis, TN 38120.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoComparing Self-Management of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy with Clinic Management Bárbara Menéndez-Jándula , Juan Carlos Souto , Arturo Oliver , Isabel Montserrat , Mireia Quintana , Ignasi Gich , Xavier Bonfill , and Jordi Fontcuberta Patient Self-Management of Oral Anticoagulation Juan Carlos Souto , Bárbara Menéndez-Jándula , and Jordi Fontcuberta Patient Self-Management of Oral Anticoagulation Juan Carlos Souto , Bárbara Menéndez-Jándula , and Jordi Fontcuberta Metrics 21 June 2005Volume 142, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1023KeywordsAnticoagulant therapyAnticoagulantsConflicts of interestResearch laboratoriesThrombin ePublished: 21 June 2005 Issue Published: 21 June 2005 CopyrightCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Acute cerebral oedema induced by methotrexate: Authors' reply
Authors: R. Lane, P J Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1989)

haematoma as incidental.There was no computed tomogram before treatment, the aetiology of the haematoma was not discussed, and results of examination of the cerebrospinal fluid were not given.In addition, the second reference is in supplement 1 of Cancer 7reatment Reports 1981 and not in the main journal.Rather than postulate a second, previously un- reported cause of this patient's neurological con- dition it would be simpler to follow Occam's razor and explain that which is obvious.The intracerebral haematoma may have resulted from hypertension, aneurysm, or haemorrhage into a deposit, in which case the administration of metho- trexate would then probably be incidental.