tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of Tumorsphere- and Tumor-Initiating Cells in HER2/Neu-Induced Mammary Tumors
Authors: Jeff C. Liu, Tao Deng, Rajwinder S. Lehal, Jinny Kim, Eldad Zacksenhaus
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

A variety of human malignancies, including breast cancer, are thought to be organized in a hierarchy, whereby a relatively minor population of tumor initiating cells (TIC) is responsible for tumor growth and the vast majority of remaining cells is nontumorigenic. Analysis of TICs in model systems of breast cancer would offer uniform and accessible source of tumor cells and the power of mouse genetics to dissect these rare cells. The HER2/Neu proto-oncogene is overexpressed in an aggressive form of human breast cancer. Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Neu transgenic mice develop mammary tumors that mimic human HER2 subtype breast cancer. Here, we report on the functional identification of mouse HER2/Neu TICs that can induce tumors after transplantation into the mammary gland of recipient mice. Secondary tumors formed after injecting MMTV-Neu TICs resemble primary tumors in the original transgenic mice and are organized in a hierarchy containing TICs as well as their nontumorigenic descendants. To study MMTV-Neu TICs in vitro, we grew tumorspheres under nonadherent culture conditions. Tumorsphere forming units (TFU) capable of producing tumorspheres retained tumorigenic potential and were indistinguishable by several criteria from TICs. Interestingly, MMTV-Neu TICs and TFUs were committed to the luminal cell fate when induced to differentiate in vitro. Our data define reproducible characteristics of the MMTV-Neu TIC and TFU, which help to explain marker expression profiles of HER2-positive breast cancer. In addition, the similarity between TICs and TFUs in this system provides a rationale for TFU-based screens to target tumor-initiating cells in HER2(+) breast cancer.
Nitrotyrosine localization to dermal nerves in borderline leprosy
Authors: T. Schon, R. Hernandez-Pando, J. Baquera-Heredia, Y. Negesse, L.E. Becerril-Villanueva, J.C.L Eon-Contreras, T. Sundqvist, S. Britton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Nerve damage is a common and disabling feature of leprosy, with unclear aetiology. It has been reported that the peroxidizing agents of myelin lipids—nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite—are produced in leprosy skin lesions. Objectives To investigate the localization of nitrotyrosine (NT)—a local end‐product of peroxynitrite—in leprosy lesions where dermal nerves are affected by a granulomatous reaction. Methods We investigated by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy the localization of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NT in biopsies exhibiting dermal nerves from patients with untreated leprosy. Results There were abundant NT‐positive and iNOS‐positive macrophages in the borderline leprosy granulomas infiltrating peripheral nerves identified by light microscopy, S‐100 and neurofilament immunostaining. Immunoelectron microscopy showed NT reactivity in neurofilament aggregates and in the cell wall of Mycobacterium leprae. Conclusions Our results suggest that NO and peroxynitrite could be involved in the nerve damage following borderline leprosy.
Observation Is Never Obsolete ∗
Authors: Anju Nohria, Lynne Warner Stevenson
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)

The hallmark signs and symptoms of heart failure reflect congestion, the manifestation of elevated ventricular filling pressures. These are the symptoms that trigger heart failure hospitalizations, 80% to 95% of which are characterized by congestion without hypoperfusion (the “warm and wet”
Hypertonicity Following Selective Angiocardiography
Authors: SAMUEL T. GIAMMONA, PAUL R. LURIE, WILLIAM E. SEGAR
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Plasma osmolality and serum sodium concentrations were studied in 30 children with a variety of cardiac abnormalities who underwent selective angiocardiography. A significant increase of osmolality occurred, but there were no significant changes in sodium concentration. The pathologic effects of hypertonic solutions including contrast media are discussed and it is concluded that hypertonicity is a preventable factor in serious reactions seen after angiocardiography.
Inadvertent Hypothermia With Metabolic Acidosis and Circulatory Depression
Authors: Willis A. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A 41/2-year-old white girl with tetrology of Fallot was admitted to the hospital because of persistent constipation and an abdominal mass of fluctuating size. One year prior to admission she had undergone a Brock transventricular pulmonary valvotomy, with considerable benefit. Interval cyanosis and squatting were now limited to periods of exertion. The preoperative workup revealed an abdominal mass, suspected to be a tubular duplication of the colon, and absence of the left kidney. Laparotomy was scheduled following bowel preparation with succinylsulfathiazole (Sulfasuxidine). Premedication consisted of pentobarbital, 60 mg; morphine sulfate, 2 mg; and scopolamine, 0.2 mg. Induction was achieved uneventfully with cyclopropane and oxygen, followed by a combination of nitrous oxide, oxygen, and halothane. An endotracheal catheter was inserted easily and connected to a Norman T-piece with reservoir bag. Anesthesia was maintained with a combination of nitrous oxide and oxygen (3.5:3.5 liters/min) and halothane (0.5% to 1.5%) added as
Patients Who Trouble You
Authors: Vincent J. Gagliardi
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The young physician enters practice needing to know more about the doctor-patient relationship—not the abstractions and dictums but the people themselves. The authors of Patients Who Trouble You describe people in everyday terms. They have names, problems, fears. They come to the doctor, who listens. The reader becomes the doctor, listening, advising, and doing. The community, the job, and the home materialize and the reader is enabled to see beyond the present problem.  Like the patient, the doctor is a variable. The authors present three different types of doctors. One is reserved and gentle, another dapper and direct, and the third is the fledgling who as yet has no approach. It is the fledgling with whom the reader identifies.  Embodied here is the case-history method so effective in teaching clinical medicine. The stories are never completed, and wisely so, for it is the approach, not the solution, that is being
Potential Cost-Effectiveness of Prophylactic Use of the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator or Amiodarone after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gillian D. Sanders, Mark A. Hlatky, Nathan R. Every, Kathryn M. McDonald, Paul A. Heidenreich, Lori S. Parsons, Douglas K. Owens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Clinical trials have shown that implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) improve survival in patients with sustained ventricular arrhythmias. Objective: To determine the efficacy necessary to make prophylactic ICD or amiodarone therapy cost-effective in patients with myocardial infarction. Design: Markov model–based cost utility analysis. Data Sources: Survival, cardiac death, and inpatient costs were estimated on the basis of the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention registry. Other data were derived from the literature. Target Population: Patients with past myocardial infarction who did not have sustained ventricular arrhythmia. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Societal. Interventions: ICD or amiodarone compared with no treatment. Outcome Measures: Life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, number needed to treat, and incremental cost-effectiveness. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Compared with no treatment, ICD use led to the greatest QALYs and the highest expenditures. Amiodarone use resulted in intermediate QALYs and costs. To obtain acceptable cost-effectiveness thresholds (≤$75 000/QALY), ICDs had to reduce arrhythmic death by 50% and amiodarone had to reduce total death by 7% in patients with depressed ejection fraction. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: For moderate efficacies, in patients with ejection fractions less than or equal to 0.3, 0.31 to 0.4, and greater than 0.4, the cost-effectiveness of amiodarone compared with no therapy was $43 100/QALY, $66 500/QALY, and $132 500/QALY, respectively, and the cost-effectiveness of ICD compared with amiodarone was $71 800/QALY, $195 700/QALY, and $557 900/QALY, respectively. Conclusions: Use of ICD or amiodarone in patients with past myocardial infarction and severely depressed left ventricular function may provide substantial clinical benefit at an acceptable cost. These results highlight the importance of clinical trials of ICDs in patients with low ejection fractions who have had myocardial infarction.
Evaluation of HLA matching in unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for nonmalignant disorders
Authors: John Horan, Tao Wang, Michael Haagenson, Stephen R. Spellman, Jason Dehn, Mary Eapen, Haydar Frangoul, Vikas Gupta, Gregory A. Hale, Carolyn K. Hurley, Susana Marino, Machteld Oudshoorn, Vijay Reddy, Peter Shaw, Stephanie J. Lee, Ann Woolfrey
Journal: Blood (2012)
Gender differences in survival in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction despite similar extent of myocardial scar measured on cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Deborah H. Kwon, Carmel M. Halley, Zoran B. Popovic, Thomas P. Carrigan, Victoria Zysek, Randolph Setser, Paul Schoenhagen, Scott D. Flamm, Randall C. Starling, Milind Y. Desai
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Pilyriasis rubry pilaris and human immunodeficiency virus infection-type 6 pityriasis rubra pilaris?
Authors: L. Misery, M. Faure, A. Claudy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Pilyriasis rubry pilaris and human immunodeficiency virus infection—type 6 pityriasis rubra pilaris? Get access L. Misery, L. Misery Department of Dermatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Faure, M. Faure Department of Dermatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Claudy A. Claudy Department of Dermatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 6, 1 December 1996, Pages 1008–1009, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1114.x Published: 01 December 1996
Claim that smallpox vaccine protects against HIV is premature, say critics
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A claim that the smallpox vaccine confers protection against HIV has led to a dispute between researchers at George Mason University, Virginia, and the George Washington University, Washington, DC.

George Mason University issued a press release on 11 September announcing the results of a preliminary study. Its researchers were led by Ken Alibek, the former director of the secret anti-Soviet biowarfare programme, Biopreparat.

Professor Alibek said test tube experiments using the blood of 10 marines who had recently been vaccinated against smallpox showed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells resisted infection by HIV “significantly better” than did such cells …
Paclitaxel Therapy Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis in a TLR4-Dependent Manner
Authors: Lisa Volk-Draper, Kelly Hall, Caitlin Griggs, Sandeep Rajput, Pascaline Kohio, David DeNardo, Sophia Ran
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that cytotoxic therapy may actually promote drug resistance and metastasis while inhibiting the growth of primary tumors. Work in preclinical models of breast cancer has shown that acquired chemoresistance to the widely used drug paclitaxel can be mediated by activation of the Toll-like receptor TLR4 in cancer cells. In this study, we determined the prometastatic effects of tumor-expressed TLR4 and paclitaxel therapy and investigated the mechanisms mediating these effects. While paclitaxel treatment was largely efficacious in inhibiting TLR4-negative tumors, it significantly increased the incidence and burden of pulmonary and lymphatic metastasis by TLR4-positive tumors. TLR4 activation by paclitaxel strongly increased the expression of inflammatory mediators, not only locally in the primary tumor microenvironment but also systemically in the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and lungs. These proinflammatory changes promoted the outgrowth of Ly6C+ and Ly6G+ myeloid progenitor cells and their mobilization to tumors, where they increased blood vessel formation but not invasion of these vessels. In contrast, paclitaxel-mediated activation of TLR4-positive tumors induced de novo generation of deep intratumoral lymphatic vessels that were highly permissive to invasion by malignant cells. These results suggest that paclitaxel therapy of patients with TLR4-expressing tumors may activate systemic inflammatory circuits that promote angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis, both at local sites and premetastatic niches where invasion occurs in distal organs. Taken together, our findings suggest that efforts to target TLR4 on tumor cells may simultaneously quell local and systemic inflammatory pathways that promote malignant progression, with implications for how to prevent tumor recurrence and the establishment of metastatic lesions, either during chemotherapy or after it is completed. Cancer Res; 74(19); 5421–34. ©2014 AACR.
Genetic characterization of rebounding HIV-1 after cessation of highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Linqi Zhang, Chris Chung, Bor-Shen Hu, Tian He, Yong Guo, Alexandria J. Kim, Eva Skulsky, Xia Jin, Arlene Hurley, Bharat Ramratnam, Martin Markowitz, David D. Ho
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Despite prolonged treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), infectious HIV-1 continues to replicate and to reside latently in resting memory CD4+ T lymphocytes, creating a major obstacle to HIV-1 eradication. It is therefore not surprising to observe a prompt viral rebound after discontinuation of HAART. The nature of the rebounding virus, however, remains undefined. We now report on the genetic characterization of rebounding viruses in eight patients in whom plasma viremia was undetectable throughout about 3 years of HAART. Taking advantage of the extensive length polymorphism in HIV-1 env, we found that in five patients who did not show HIV-1 replication during treatment, the rebound virus was identical to those isolated from the latent reservoir. In three other patients, two of whom had been free of plasma viremia but had showed some residual viral replication, the rebound virus was genetically different from the latent reservoir virus, corresponding instead to minor viral variants detected during the course of treatment in lymphoid tissues. We conclude that in cases with apparent complete HIV-1 suppression by HAART, viral rebound after cessation of therapy could have originated from the activation of virus from the latent reservoir. In patients with incomplete suppression by chemotherapy, however, the viral rebound is likely triggered by ongoing, low-level replication of HIV-1, perhaps occurring in lymphoid tissues.
Skin prick test reactivity to common aeroallergens in relation to total IgE, respiratory symptoms, and smoking in a general population sample of northern Italy
Authors: S. Baldacci, P. Modena, L. Carrozzi, M. Pedreschi, M. Vellutini, P. Biavati, M. Simoni, T. Sapigni, G. Viegi, P. Paoletti, C. Giuntini
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Skin prick test (SPT) reactivity to common airborne allergens and its relationships to sex, age, smoking habits, and respiratory symptoms/ diseases were evaluated in a general population sample ( n = 2841, 8–75 years of age) living in the Po delta area (northern Italy). Subjects completed a standardized questionnaire and underwent prick tests (12 local allergens, a negative and a positive control) and determination of total serum IgE. Atopy was evaluated by measuring the maximal diameter for each allergen, after subtracting that of the negative control. Thirty‐one percent of subjects showed a positive skin response at a 3‐mm threshold. Pollens, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , and D. farinae caused the highest frequencies of reactions. Young people and those who had never smoked had higher prevalence rates of SPT reactivity. Asthma, asthma symptoms, and rhinitis were significantly associated with SPT reactivity in both sexes (cough only in females) and with the number of positive reactions. IgE values were also significantly associated with SPT reactivity. In conclusion, our findings indicate that almost one‐third of the general population of an Italian rural area is skin test positive, emphasizing the importance of assessing atopy in respiratory epidemiologic surveys.
NOTES ON THE CULTIVATION OF TREPONEMA PALLIDUM
Authors: Hans Zinsser, J. G. Hopkins, Ruth Gilbert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

We consider themost importantcontribution reported in this paper the fact that Treponema pallidum can be cultivated in fluid media, without the addition of agar, together with tissues sterilized by heat. This forms an excellent method of obtaining mass cultures for luetin preparation and immunological experimentation. We may add that while the tissue varieties employed have all stongly favored the growth of the treponemata, we have noticed especially active and motile cultures when lung and suprarenal tissues were employed.
IOM Committee Gazes Into New Vaccine Future
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Development of a Syngenic Murine B16 Cell Line-Derived Melanoma Susceptible to Destruction by Neuroattenuated HSV-1
Authors: Cathie G. Miller, Claude Krummenacher, Rosalyn J. Eisenberg, Gary H. Cohen, Nigel W. Fraser
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

HSV-1 ICP34.5 mutants can slow progression of preformed tumors in rodent models. However, the current models available for study are limited due to the lack of a syngenic, low-immunogenic tumor model susceptible to HSV-1. Thus we have developed a new model to determine the role of the immune response in viral-mediated tumor destruction. The human herpesvirus entry (Hve) receptors (HveA, HveB, and HveC) and a control plasmid were transfected into B78H1 murine melanoma cells. Transfection of HveA and HveC conferred sensitivity to HSV-1 to these cells. A10 (HveA), C10 (HveC), and control cells were able to form tumors reproducibly in vivo. The transfection of the receptors into B78H1 cells did not induce a detectable in vivo immunogenicity to the tumors. Finally, A10 and C10 tumor-bearing mice treated with HSV-1 1716 had significant prolongation of survival compared to mock-treated mice. These data suggest that A10 and C10 will be useful as in vivo models for studying the role of the immune response in viral-mediated tumor destruction.
SCINTIGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE AFTER LUNG TRANSPLANTATION IN DOGS
Authors: J Muz, FA Baciewicz, R Fietsam, R Ruggiero, LP Davis, J Holliday, R Farris
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Muz, J; Baciewicz, FA Jr; Fietsam, R Jr; Ruggiero, R; Davis, LP; Holliday, J; Farris, R Author Information
Autoantibodies Activating Human β <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Receptors Are Associated With Reduced Cardiac Function in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Roland Jahns, Valérie Boivin, Christian Siegmund, Gerhard Inselmann, Martin J. Lohse, Fritz Boege
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Autoantibodies against synthetic peptides of β-adrenergic receptors have been observed in human cardiomyopathy. However, it has never been shown that such antibodies really interact with native human β-adrenergic receptors, nor has the clinical impact of such an interaction been investigated in larger groups of patients. Methods and Results —We screened 104 patients with dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy (NYHA functional classes II to IV) and 108 healthy subjects for IgG antibodies reacting with β-receptor peptides. Such IgGs were further analyzed for binding and functional interactions with native recombinant human β-adrenergic receptors. Antibodies reacting with synthetic receptor peptides were present in 51% of the patients. However, only a subgroup directed against the second extracellular receptor domain also recognized native human β-adrenergic receptors situated in a cell membrane. All antibodies of this subgroup impaired receptor ligand binding and enhanced receptor-mediated signaling, which could be blocked by 5 μmol/L bisoprolol in vitro. Their prevalence was 1% in healthy subjects and 10% in ischemic cardiomyopathy, whereas it amounted to 26% in dilated cardiomyopathy and was associated with a significantly poorer left ventricular function. Conclusions —Our data show that activating autoantibodies against human β-adrenergic receptors exist in ≈25% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Counteraction of such autoantibodies might contribute to the beneficial effects of β-adrenergic receptor blockade in chronic heart failure.
Spontaneous Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus in a Young Adult
Authors: Herbert Mark, Dennison Young
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

ALTHOUGH functional closure of the ductus arteriosus is usually complete within the first two months of life1 , 2 occasional isolated cases of delayed closure at various ages have been reported. Some of the earlier cases probably do not represent spontaneous closure but may be attributed to thrombosis or embolization3 , 4 or to elimination of the flow gradient across the ductus by pulmonary hypertension5 , 6 or cardiac decompensation.7 Other reports that are acceptable as delayed ductal closure are based only on the disappearance of the characteristic Gibson8 murmur and the absence of complicating factors. None of these cases have been documented by physiologic studies . . .
Virtual Endoscopy - Comparison with Colonoscopy in the Detection of Space-Occupying Lesions of the Colon
Authors: C. L. Kay, D. Kulling, R. H. Hawes, J. W. R. Young, P. B. Cotton
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Background and Study Aims: A new technique has been described which combines abdominal helical computed tomography (CT) scanning and virtual reality computer technology, known as virtual colonoscopy (VC); the reconstructed images provide a simulation of the interior of the colon as viewed by endoscopy. We compared VC with conventional colonoscopy in patients with suspected or known colonic neoplasia.