tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum Levels of Immunoglobulin and Complement in Giant-Cell Arteritis
Authors: Bo-Eric Malmvall
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The levels of IgG, total complement, and complement factors C3 and C4 were elevated in serum from patients with giant-cell arteritis as compared to a control group of patients in the same range of age. No increase of the IgM concentration was found. The concentration of IgA was higher in men with giant-cell arteritis as compared to men in a control group. This increase of IgA was not seen in women. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the studied variables between those with a histologically verified arteritis on temporal biopsy specimens and those without.
DIETARY FACTS, FADS AND FANCIES
Authors: WILLARD J. STONE
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The American dietary has been frequently criticized by students of nutrition as being too low in vitamins and bulk, too high in carbohydrates and concentrates, and deficient in its ratio of alkaline ash-forming foods. It has been generally believed by the laity that successful treatment of many diseases depended on diet. Many physicians, while aware of possible dietary deficiencies, do not believe that the causes, except indirect ones, of many diseases are to be found in faulty diets. They believe that other factors are also of great importance, such as hereditary predisposition to disease, infections and their sequelae, and the tissue changes that inevitably result from wear and tear and lapse of time. In the prevention of conditions characterized by degenerative changes affecting the heart, arteries and kidneys, prior to the stage of chronic disability, much may be accomplished by proper diet. The changes apparently most necessary in our national
OPEN REDUCTION OF FRACTURE DISLOCATION OF THE HUMERUS
Authors: A. M. Rechtman
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Current literature contains many articles and reports of experiments on the healing or union of a bone graft or of dead bone. The case presented here is reported to urge reduction of fracture dislocation of the humeral head; it also shows the end-result in a humeral head entirely detached from the soft tissues and therefore from its blood supply. That reduction is the operation of choice in fracture dislocation, of the shoulder is agreed, but the operation is difficult and the problem is greater when the fracture is of the anatomic head. The greater comparative ease of excision accounts for the many cases that have been reported as treated in this manner. Scudder<sup>1</sup>advises reposition but does not report any cases. However, he mentions nineteen cases of excision of the humeral head and gives three case reports. Eisendrath<sup>2</sup>states that four successful reductions by operation have been reported.
795 HCV-SPECIFIC CYTOTOXIC RESPONSE RESTORATION IS AN EXCELENT PREDICTOR OF SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE IN PEG-INTERFERON-RIVABIRIN BASED TREATMENT
Authors: J.R. Larrubia, M.U. Lokhande, T. Parra-Cid, J. Miquel, S. García-Garzón, A. González-Praetorious, E. Sanz-de-Villalobos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
The contribution of mutant amino acids to alloantigenicity.
Authors: J Bill, F Ronchese, R N Germain, E Palmer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The I-Abm12 mutation has been used extensively to study the relationship between structure and function of murine class II major histocompatibility molecules. I-Abm12 differs from I-Ab by three amino acid replacements in the A beta chain, and the proposed structural model of the I-Abm12 molecule places these three amino acid substitutions along one of the alpha-helices where they may affect both antigen and TCR binding. Two of the substitutions, Ile----Phe67 and Thr----Lys71, are thought to point into the binding site, whereas the third substitution, Arg----Gln70, is thought to point up and hence, be available for binding to the TCR. These predicted orientations are consistent with serologic analysis of the bm12 molecule, which demonstrates that residue 70 is uniquely accessible to mAbs distinguishing I-Ab from I-Abm12. In this study we have determined the influence of each of these amino acid substitutions on the ability of the resulting molecules to stimulate a panel of I-Abm12 (allo) reactive T cell hybridomas. Our experiments indicate that reversion of the amino acid at position 70 from Gln (I-Abm12) to Arg (I-Ab) interferes with allorecognition by 33 of 35 I-Abm12-reactive hybridomas. On the other hand, many hybrids can tolerate amino acid substitutions at positions 67 or 71. Single amino acid substitutions at position 67, 70, or 71 are recognized by only a minority of I-Abm12-specific hybrids and usually the reactivity is greatly diminished. These data are most consistent with the idea that the amino acid at position 70 directly interacts with the TCR during allorecognition. The additional effects of residues 67 and 71 are consistent with a contribution by bound peptide to the allorecognition process.
Epidemiology of idiopathic dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975-1984.
Authors: M B Codd, D D Sugrue, B J Gersh, L J Melton
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Using the records linkage system of the Mayo Clinic and of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, which accesses diagnostic data on the entire population of Olmsted County, Minnesota, we identified 45 new cases of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and 19 new cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) among county residents for the years 1975-1984. Overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates were 6.0/100,000 and 2.5/100,000 person-years, respectively. The incidence of DCM doubled from 3.9/100,000 in the first 5 years to 7.9/100,000 person-years in the last 5 years of study. The corresponding change for HCM was from 1.4 to 3.6/100,000 person-years. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rates as of January 1, 1985, for DCM and HCM were 36.5/100,000 and 19.7/100,000 population, respectively. The prevalence of DCM in persons less than 55 years old was 17.9/100,000, over a third of whom were New York Heart Association functional Class III or IV at diagnosis. These estimates may be of value in determining the potential use of health care resources, particularly cardiac transplantation.
ON ECZEMA INFANTILE
Authors: E. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1856)

duced by the alculus; the latter, to one of two causes, the premsnee of a seoond stone, or worm.I prescribed a strong dose of calomel and sammony, and ha my diagnoss confirmed by the expulsion of two large lum- biovides, which were doubtless the cause of the first attack.I do not know whether this be an isolated case of en- cysted calculus being removed by lithotomy, but I cannot find a similar ae related by the authorities in my small library.If mv memory serves me rightly, there was some- thing said at one of the societies last session about ad- herent and encysted calculi.This was certainly not simply adherent, but encysted for about three-fourths its surface, the margin of the cyst feeliug somewhat like the os uteri when partially dilated.I need scarcely remark, that I considered myself ex- ceedingly fortunate under the circumstances, though the vox poputi is not always the vox Dci.
Results of Surgery in Cancer of Large Intestine in a Non-teaching Hospital
Authors: G. S. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The large bowel is regarded by many as a site in which carcinoma, surgically treated, has a favourable prognosis, and this belief is supported by many reviews.Boyd (1955, p. 223) gives five-year survival rates of 55-60% for the right colon, 45-50% for the left colon, and 35-40% for the rectum.He adds that the five-year survival rate for early cases exceeds 80%.Many of the series reviewed have been of cases treated in special centres which do not provide a surgical service for the whole community.
Students and Medicine
Authors: John R. Ellis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Abstract Questionnaires completed by 95 per cent of British medical students in 1961 and 1966 showed that the more recent class is younger, has higher academic attainments and broader education, and is less financially dependent on parents. On the other hand, the more recent students are exposed to a more unstable society, are more uncertain of career choice, are less independent professionally and during their training are observers of clinical practice rather than apprentices. Current students are satisfied with their medical education; only a few think it too arduous or boring. Yet nearly 50 per cent need guidance at some time, mainly in learning problems. Over 40 per cent obtained such guidance from fellow students. The dropout rate has remained unchanged at 10 per cent. Three quarters, like their predecessors, are most interested either in physical disease or in taking care of patients.
VISUAL RESULTS IN THE TRACHOMA CLINICS OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Authors: HARRY S. GRADLE
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The trachoma clinics of southern Illinois were established  prevent blindness by the control of trachoma in southern Illinois, and it seems fitting at this time to render an account of accomplishments. Consequently, only visual results will be considered in this article.  Every patient's vision was recorded on admission to the clinics and at regular intervals thereafter, both with and without glasses. The best possible vision is utilized for the statistics of this paper. As far as possible, the method of estimating and of recording the vision was kept uniform in the five clinics, and in consequence there was no necessity of recording the statistics from each clinic separately. All cases here dealt with have beenunder observation for a minimum of two years, those in table 1 from 1938 to 1940 and those in table 2 from 1936 to 1938. The former group were treated with sulfanilamide exclusively; the
STAT3-induced S1PR1 expression is crucial for persistent STAT3 activation in tumors
Authors: Heehyoung Lee, Jiehui Deng, Maciej Kujawski, Chunmei Yang, Yong Liu, Andreas Herrmann, Marcin Kortylewski, David Horne, George Somlo, Stephen Forman, Richard Jove, Hua Yu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Physical activity and children.
Authors: W B Strong
Journal: Circulation (1990)

In addition to informing physicians of the benefits of childhood physical activity, the purpose of this editorial is to differentiate physical activity from health-related physical fitness, to emphasize the impediments to physical activity that children face, and to make recommendations for improving chil- dren's physical activity, physical fitness, and physical education.A society is often measured by how it prepares for its future; informed adults must provide the opportunities for children because they are the future. BackgroundFor more than three decades, research has indi- cated that adults who are more physically active are at lower risk of a coronary artery event.1-3Studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of physical activity on the incidence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in both humans and subhuman primates.From the pioneering work of Morris and Paffenbarger (Morris et al12 and Paffenbarger et a13) came evidence for this relation.Subsequent epidemiological research has confirmed the early data.4-8In contrast to smoking, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, physical inactivity in the past has been relegated to a lower status, its role supposedly not independent of numerous other risk factors for CAD.The recent findings of Blair et al,9 however, demon- strating the association of physical fitness with a reduction of all-cause mortality after adjustment for age, smoking habit, cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose level, and parental history of CAD would seem to elevate physical inactivity to major-risk-factor status.The excellent review by Powell et a16 of the English language literature lends strong support to this concept.The manner by which physical activity affects the incidence of CAD is subject to speculation.
Cholesterol Metabolism and Placental Transfer in the Pregnant Rhesus Monkey
Authors: Roy M. Pitkin, William E. Connor, Don S. Lin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The placental transfer of cholesterol (5-cholesten-3beta-ol) was investigated by giving pregnant rhesus monkeys cholesterol-1alpha-(3)H or cholesterol-4-(14)C and then determining the cholesterol specific activity (SA) in maternal serum and in fetal serum and tissues. An isotopic steady state was established in five pregnant animals by the daily feeding of a tracer dose of cholesterol-4-(14)C. Comparison of maternal and fetal serum cholesterol SA revealed that an average of 42.6% of the serum cholesterol in the term fetus originated by transfer from the maternal blood. The remainder presumably arose by fetal synthesis de novo. Fetal tissues had cholesterol SA equal to or slightly less than that of fetal serum, except for brain which had a SA only 5% that of fetal serum. In other studies a single intravenous dose of radioactive cholesterol was given to either mother or fetus in late pregnancy. The time for detectable passage across the placenta in either direction was between 4 and 24 hr. With maternal administration of the isotope, there was equilibration of maternal and fetal serum cholesterol SA after 10-12 days. With fetal injection of isotopic cholesterol, however, the maternal cholesterol SA never attained a level more than 5% of fetal SA. This indicated that the net cholesterol flux was strongly in the direction of mother to fetus. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly greater in maternal than in fetal serum (80.3+/-18.5 vs. 59.6+/-15.6 mg/100 ml). Maternal serum cholesterol concentration in the monkey was significantly lower in late pregnancy than during the puerperium. Studies of breast milk indicated that approximately two-thirds of milk cholesterol was transferred from the maternal blood.
Sort1, Encoded by the Cardiovascular Risk Locus 1p13.3, Is a Regulator of Hepatic Lipoprotein Export
Authors: Mads Kjolby, Olav M. Andersen, Tilman Breiderhoff, Anja W. Fjorback, Karen Marie Pedersen, Peder Madsen, Pernille Jansen, Joerg Heeren, Thomas E. Willnow, Anders Nykjaer
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Tissue Myeloid Cells in SIV-Infected Primates Acquire Viral DNA through Phagocytosis of Infected T Cells
Authors: Nina Calantone, Fan Wu, Zachary Klase, Claire Deleage, Molly Perkins, Kenta Matsuda, Elizabeth A. Thompson, Alexandra M. Ortiz, Carol L. Vinton, Ilnour Ourmanov, Karin Loré, Daniel C. Douek, Jacob D. Estes, Vanessa M. Hirsch, Jason M. Brenchley
Journal: Immunity (2014)
PACLITAXEL ITSELF INDUCES DRUG-RESISTANCE TO PACLITAXEL IN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS AND REDUCES ITS EFFECT OF SUPPRESSION OF NEOINTIMAL HYPERPLASIA AFTER ANGIOPLASTY
Authors: Han-Mo Yang, Hyun-Ju Cho, Kyung-Woo Park, Hyun-Jai Cho, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon-Kwon Koo, Dae-Won Sohn, Byung-Hee Oh, Young-Bae Park, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A risk score for predicting 30‐day mortality in heart failure patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery
Authors: Charlotte Andersson, Gunnar H. Gislason, Mark A. Hlatky, Kathrine Bach Søndergaard, Jannik Pallisgaard, J. Gustav Smith, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Martin G. Larson, Per Føge Jensen, Lars Køber, Christian Torp‐Pedersen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)
Comment re: Vitamin C Antagonizes the Cytotoxic Effects of Chemotherapy
Authors: Michael Graham Espey, Qi Chen, Mark Levine
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

To the Editor: 

On the basis of cell and animal experiments with dehydroascorbic acid, Heaney and colleagues state, “These results suggest that supplementary vitamin C may have adverse consequences in patients receiving cancer therapy” ([1][1]). Selectively referring to dehydroascorbic acid as
Abstract 134: HNF4α inhibits liver cancer metastasis via suppression of NF-кB activity
Authors: Bei-Fang Ning, Jiao Liu, Wen-Ping Xu, Chuan Yin, Xin Zhang, Wei-Fen Xie
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a liver enriched transcription factor and is indispensable for liver development. However, the role of HNF4α in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis remains largely unknown. METHODS: 429 HCC tissues were involved in the correlation analysis of HNF4α levels with tumor features and patient outcomes. Effect of HNF4α on HCC metastasis was monitored through in vivo imaging system. Expression of HNF4α, RelA(p65) or microRNAs in human HCCs was determined by Real-time PCR, western blot or immunohistochemistry. Point mutation and ChIP assay were performed to detect the interaction of HNF4α with the promoter of target microRNA. 3’UTR reporter assay was conducted to determine the regulation of RelA by microRNAs. RESULTS: Reduced HNF4α expression correlated well with the aggressive clinicopathological characteristics of HCC and predicted poor prognosis of patients. HNF4α levels were even lower in metastatic HCCs, and ectopic HNF4α expression suppressed the metastasis of hepatoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. HNF4α suppressed HCC metastasis through inhibiting RelA expression and NFκB activity. miR-7 and miR-124, which were transcriptionally up-regulated by HNF4α, repressed RelA expression via interaction with RelA-3’UTR. Herein, HNF4α suppresses NF-κB activity and RelA expression via a miR-7 and miR-124-dependent manner. Moreover, combination of HNF4α and NF-κB exhibited more powerful predictive efficiency of patient prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the importance of HNF4α and NF-κB in chronic liver disease, the suppression of NF-κB by HNF4α is not only essential in connecting hepatic inflammation and tumorigenesis, but also indicates novel strategy in HCC prevention and therapy. Citation Format: Bei-Fang Ning, Jiao Liu, Wen-Ping Xu, Chuan Yin, Xin Zhang, Wei-Fen Xie. HNF4α inhibits liver cancer metastasis via suppression of NF-кB activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 134. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-134
Abstract 5021: Temozolomide-induced conversion of glioma cells into glioma “stem-like” cells with enhanced invasion properties.
Authors: Atique U. Ahmed, Brenda Auffinger, Alex Tobias, Bart Thaci, Yu Han, Maciej S. Lesniak
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme patients present a poor prognosis due to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence after surgical resection. It has been suggested that gliomas are driven by a rare subset of tumor cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). These tumor-initiating cells are considered to be responsible for sustaining long-term tumor growth and disease recurrence. Today, two popular hypotheses try to explain the origin of CSCs: one postulates that CSCs represent an adult stem cell population with tumorigenic alterations, while the second argues that CSCs were once differentiated tumor cells that have re-initiated a self-renewal program. In this study, we first show that exposure to the therapeutic dose of 5 μM (the peak concentration in patient's cerebral spinal fluid) or 50 μM (the concentration in patient's blood) of temozolamide (TMZ), the most commonly used alkylating agent to treat GBM patients, consistently increase the CSC pool over time both in vitro and in vivo. Second, lineage-tracing analysis of genetically tagged glioma cells suggests that TMZ induces a phenotypic shift in the non-CSC population to mimic that of CSCs. These newly formed CSC-like cells co-express markers of pluripotency and stemness (CD133, CD15, Sox-2, Oct-4 and Nestin), a classical characteristic of CSCs. We further show that intracranial implantation of TMZ-treated non-CSC cells in athymic nude mice result in more efficient grafting (100% grafting as compared to 60% for DMSO treated control group). Moreover, these TMZ-treated non-CSC xenografts demonstrate extremely invasive characteristics, which is similar to the CSC enriched xenografts. In addition, they express elevated levels of HIF2α, a critical factor for maintaining the CSC pool. These findings strongly corroborate that chemotherapy-induced selection pressure can facilitate a CSC specific ‘niche’, which may provide the necessary signals to induce an interconversion between differentiated tumor cells and cancer “stem like” cells, leading to a more infiltrative glioma phenotype thereby resulting in therapeutic relapse and may frustrate our attempts to develop effective anti-glioma therapy. Citation Format: Atique U. Ahmed, Brenda Auffinger, Alex Tobias, Bart Thaci, Yu Han, Maciej S. Lesniak. Temozolomide-induced conversion of glioma cells into glioma “stem-like” cells with enhanced invasion properties. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5021. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5021
Women in Academic Medicine: New Insights, Same Sad News
Authors: Catherine D. De Angelis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

In this issue of the Journal, Nonnemaker reports on a study of the likelihood that women will pursue full-time careers in academic medicine and the likelihood of their advancement to the senior ranks of medical school faculties.1 She tracked cohorts of women based on their year of graduation from medical school between 1979 and 1993. The study is an important contribution because it is based on national data, rather than on information from single institutions, departments, or specialties, and because the results confirm what many women academicians already know from experience.In the study, women, overall, were more likely than . . .
Immune Regulators: Not Just for Type 1 Diabetes Anymore?
Authors: Andrew A. Bremer
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

Stimulation of 4-1BB with an agonistic antibody reduces adiposity and body weight, modulates inflammatory cytokine levels, improves glucose/lipid metabolism, and increases energy expenditure, suggesting a role for 4-1BB in the management of obesity and metabolic disorders.
EMOTIONS AND THE SKIN: THE CONDITIONING OF SCRATCH RESPONSES IN CASES OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Authors: J. M. JORDAN, F. A. WHITLOCK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article EMOTIONS AND THE SKIN: THE CONDITIONING OF SCRATCH RESPONSES IN CASES OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS Get access J. M. JORDAN, J. M. JORDAN Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. A. WHITLOCK F. A. WHITLOCK Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue 6, 1 June 1972, Pages 574–585, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb05072.x Published: 01 June 1972 Article history Accepted: 28 January 1972 Published: 01 June 1972
Improving access to health care for UK minority communities is key to combating tuberculosis
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Tackling the health inequalities that lie at the heart of the UK’s rising number of tuberculosis cases is essential to achieving progress against the disease, reports a summit on the issue.

NHS and social care leaders attending the Race against Tuberculosis meeting on 30 June at the King’s Fund Centre, London, heard how the increasing rates of tuberculosis (TB) over the past 20 years mean that the UK could soon have more cases than the US, which has five times the population size.

The Health Protection Agency says 9153 cases were provisionally reported in 2009, which represented a 5.5% increase compared with 2008. Nearly three …