tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid wound healing of scalp wounds devoid of periosteum with milling of the outer table and split-thickness skin grafting
Authors: M. Mühlstädt, C. Thomé, C. Kunte
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Excision of large scalp tumours may result in exposed bone devoid of periosteum. The resultant surgical defects may be too large to close by either primary closure or local cutaneous flap. The denuded bone usually precludes the immediate placement of a skin graft.To describe our experience with milling the outer cortical table of the skull in order to promote granulation and hasten wound healing.In 11 patients, we expanded existing techniques of exposing diploic veins in the cancellous bone by completely milling the exposed outer table of the scalp bone with a rose head burr driven by a pneumatic power drill. After induction of punctate bleeding a split-skin graft was placed in the same session and secured with a tie-over foam dressing. Dressing was removed 7 days after surgery. All patients received perioperative antibiotics. Informed consent was obtained prior to the procedure.In all 11 patients a healing of the split-thickness skin graft was observed within 1 week.The combination of extensive exposure of cancellous bone and an immediate split-thickness skin graft reduces convalescence time from multiple weeks to 7 days. This is beneficial in older patients sparing them from frequent visits to the doctor. Furthermore, early closure may reduce the risk of infection.
Comparison of multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in a setting of polyclonal endemicity of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium
Authors: J. Top, N.M.I. Banga, R. Hayes, R.J. Willems, M.J.M. Bonten, M.K. Hayden
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2008)
Nanoparticle delivery to the brain — By focused ultrasound and self-assembled nanoparticle-stabilized microbubbles
Authors: Andreas K.O. Åslund, Sigrid Berg, Sjoerd Hak, Ýrr Mørch, Sverre H. Torp, Axel Sandvig, Marius Widerøe, Rune Hansen, Catharina de Lange Davies
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Whole metagenome shotgun sequencing analysis of microbiome of cystic fibrosis- and COPD patients
Authors: Patricia Morán Losada, Burkhard Tümmler, Lutz Wiehlmann, Philippe Chouvarine
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Metagenomic analysis allows studying microbial communities in their natural habitats. A common technique for metagenomic analysis is targeted sequencing of 16S rDNA. The limitation of this approach is that the metabolic capacity and physiological features of the community can only be indirectly inferred for those members whose genotypes and phenotypes are already known. In addition, the “universal” 16S PCR primers lack sequence homology with some targets. Copy number variation of 16S genes can further confound estimation of taxonomic abundance in metagenomic samples. To overcome these problems we perform whole genome shotgun sequencing to fully characterize microorganisms contained in a metagenomic sample. Individual reads are aligned to known microbial references for estimation of species abundances and functional analysis. To improve accuracy of the species abundance estimation we introduce a method to account for biases that are common in next-generation sequencing technologies. Namely, we normalize the counts of reads aligned to each reference genome by the genome length and GC-content affecting the coverage of these genomes. The remaining unaligned reads are used for oligomer compositional analysis with further quantification up to the genus level. Unaligned reads are assembled into contigs for functional analysis using blastx. In addition, we perform clone identification of the major cystic fibrosis pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and analyze their spectrum of mutations.
Combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab in non small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Efimia Boutsikou, Theodoros Kontakiotis, Pavlos Zarogoulidis, Paraskevi Pataka, Kostas Zarogoulidis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Bevacizumab and Erlotinib have recently been demonstrated to prolong overall survival in patients with non squamous NSCLC. We present the results of α 4 arm trial we designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of docitaxel, carboplatin, bevacizumab(B) and erlotinib(E) in the first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC.  229, stage IIIb-IV, non squamous NSCLC patients were treated with 2 cycles of carboplatin (AUC5.5)and docitaxel (100 mg/m 2 )(CT). After completion of two treatment cycles, pts were evaluated for response and divided into 4 groups: 61/229 continued with 4 more cycles of CT(control group), 52/229 received CT plus E 150mg daily,56/229 received CT plus B 7.5mg/kg and 60/229 were treated with the combination of CT, E and B until disease progression. The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS).  In the 4 years follow up of the study, there was no statistical difference in survival and time to progression among four groups. After division of pts according to their response in responders and non responders after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, non-responders who received additional therapy with bevacizumab or combination therapy had a survival benefit(657d (349-970)and 681(315-912)retrospectively),which is statistically significant compared with the continuation of treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy(p  Administration of B+E in combination with first-line chemotherapy, followed by bevacizumab and erlotinib monotherapy as maintenance, has shown promising results in pts with NSCLC, with reduced toxicity as compared with chemotherapy alone, but did not translate into a longer OS.
Modifiable Behavioral Factors as Causes of Death
Authors: Steven N Blair, Michael J LaMonte, Milton Z Nichaman
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Natural Course of Preneoplastic Lesions in Bronchial Epithelium
Authors: Roderick H. Breuer, Arifa Pasic, Egbert F. Smit, Esther van Vliet, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, Elle J. Risse, Pieter E. Postmus, Thomas G. Sutedja
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: To study the natural history of preneoplastic lesions in the bronchial mucosa of the individuals at risk. Patients and Methods: White light and autofluorescence bronchoscopy examinations have been done in 52 individuals harboring 134 preneoplastic lesions (WHO criteria). End points were the development of carcinoma in situ (CIS) or squamous cell cancer (SCC) or the highest category of dysplasia up until March 1, 2003 for the remaining preneoplastic lesions. Results: Distribution and outcome of preneoplastic lesions have been found to be unrelated to various risk factors such as smoking history, past history of cancer, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nonstepwise changes of preneoplastic lesions are seen. Regression rate has been 54%. Progression to CIS/SCC has been 13.4% (18 of 134) and was for severe dysplasia, significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.003) than preneoplastic lesions showing lower-grade dysplasia (squamous metaplasia, mild and moderate dysplasia). Time to progression was not significantly different. However, when analyzed per individual, no significant difference of progression rate between individuals with or without severe dysplasia was seen (39% versus 26%; P = 0.36). Conclusions: The 54% regression rate of all preneoplastic lesions, 26% to 39% progression rate to CIS/SCC of individuals with lower-grade dysplasia or severe dysplasia with no significant difference in progression rate and time to progression combined with nonstepwise histologic changes unrelated to the initial histologic grading indicate that one cannot differentiate the potentially more malignant preneoplastic lesions among the many preneoplastic lesions present in the bronchial mucosa. The initial WHO classification of any preneoplastic lesion cannot be reliably used for accurate risk assessment of field carcinogenesis.
Heart failure and dementia: survival in relation to types of heart failure and different dementia disorders
Authors: Pavla Cermakova, Lars H. Lund, Seyed‐Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Kristina Johnell, Bengt Winblad, Ulf Dahlström, Maria Eriksdotter, Dorota Religa
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2015)

Aims Heart failure ( HF ) and dementia frequently coexist, but little is known about their types, relationships to each other and prognosis. The aims were to (i) describe patients with HF and dementia, assess (ii) the proportion of specific dementia disorders in types of HF based on ejection fraction and (iii) the prognostic role of types of HF and dementia disorders. Methods and results The Swedish Heart Failure Registry ( RiksSvikt ) and The Swedish Dementia Registry ( SveDem ) were record‐linked. Associations between dementia disorders and HF types were assessed with multinomial logistic regression and survival was investigated with Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression. We studied 775 patients found in both registries (55% men, mean age 82 years). Ejection fraction was preserved in 38% of patients, reduced in 34%, and missing in 28%. The proportions of dementia disorders were similar across HF types. Vascular dementia was the most common dementia disorder (36%), followed by other dementias (28%), mixed dementia (20%), and Alzheimer disease (16%). Over a mean follow‐up of 1.5 years, 76% of patients survived 1 year. We observed no significant differences in survival with regard to HF type ( P = 0.2) or dementia disorder ( P = 0.5). After adjustment for baseline covariates, neither HF types nor dementia disorders were independently associated with survival. Conclusions Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was the most common HF type and vascular dementia was the most common dementia disorder. The proportions of dementia disorders were similar across HF types. Neither HF types nor specific dementia disorders were associated with survival.
Insulin-dependent PI3-Kinase/Akt and ERK signaling pathways inhibit TLR3-mediated HBEC apoptosis
Authors: Takanori Numata, Jun Araya, Satoko Fujii, Hiromichi Hara, Naoki Takasaka, Yoko Yumino, Makoto Kawaishi, Jun Hirano, Makoto Odaka, Toshiaki Morikawa, Katsutoshi Nakayama, Kazuyoshi Kuwano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  TLR 3 mainly recognizes viral-associated dsRNA. However, recognition of dsRNA byproducts released from apoptotic and necrotic cells is a recently proposed mechanism for the amplification of virulence, suggesting a pivotal participation of TLR3 not only in viral infection, but also in lung diseases where apoptosis plays a critical role, such as asthma and COPD. In addition to metabolic control, insulin signaling has also been postulated to be protective by inhibiting apoptosis.   Aims:  We explored the role of insulin signaling in protecting human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) against TLR3-mediated apoptosis.   Methods:  For the experiments of apoptosis induction by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)), a dsRNA analog, HBEC and airway fragments were treated in the presence or absence of insulin. Knock down of TLR3 was performed by siRNA transfection. Wortmannin (PI3-kinase inhibitor) and PD98059 (MEK inhibitor) were used to elucidate the role of insulin-dependent signaling pathways.   Results:  Significant TLR3-mediated apoptosis was induced by poly (I:C), via caspase-8-dependent mechanisms. However, insulin efficiently inhibited TLR3/poly (I:C) induced HBEC apoptosis via PI3-kinase/Akt and ERK pathways, at least partly via the up-regulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory proteins (cFLIPs) and additionally through protein synthesis-independent mechanisms.   Conclusions:  These results implicate TLR3-mediated dsRNA-induced apoptosis in apoptosis-driven lung disease pathogenesis and provide evidence for a novel protective role of insulin.
Sleep Disruption in Breast Cancer Patients and Survivors
Authors: Oxana Palesh, Arianna Aldridge-Gerry, Ayhan Ulusakarya, Elisabet Ortiz-Tudela, Lucile Capuron, Pasquale F. Innominato
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Sleep disruption is prevalent in patients and survivors of breast cancer. Most patients undergoing chemotherapy will experience transient sleep disruption, and nearly 60% will have chronic sleep problems. Numerous factors contribute to sleep disruption in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Sleep disruption is a consequence of several biological alterations, including circadian disruption and immune and metabolic deregulations. These systems also play significant roles in the control and progression of breast cancer. Sleep disruption is associated with many side effects and psychiatric and medical comorbidities. This article discusses the relationship between stress and posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and fatigue, and how sleep disturbance might be the cause or consequence of these disorders. Current evidence for management of sleep disturbance in breast cancer and high chronic use of hypnotic medication in this population is also discussed. Finally, the differences in management of sleep disturbance during acute cancer care and during the survivorship phase are discussed. More research is needed on accurate and timely assessment of sleep disturbance associated with breast cancer, and additional tailored approaches for the management of sleep problems in breast cancer should be developed.
Incidence and natural history of hen's egg allergy in the first 2 years of life—the EuroPrevall birth cohort study
Authors: P. Xepapadaki, A. Fiocchi, L. Grabenhenrich, G. Roberts, K. E. C. Grimshaw, A. Fiandor, J. I. Larco, S. Sigurdardottir, M. Clausen, N. G. Papadopoulos, L. Dahdah, A. Mackie, A. B. Sprikkelman, A. A. Schoemaker, R. Dubakiene, I. Butiene, M. L. Kowalski, K. Zeman, S. Gavrili, T. Keil, K. Beyer
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Parents and health staff perceive hen's egg allergy (HEA) as a common food allergy in early childhood, but the true incidence is unclear because population-based studies with gold-standard diagnostic criteria are lacking.To establish the incidence and course of challenge-confirmed HEA in children, from birth until the age of 24 months, in different European regions.In the EuroPrevall birth cohort study, children with a suspected HEA and their age-matched controls were evaluated in 9 countries, using a standardized protocol including measurement of HE-specific immunoglobulin E-antibodies in serum, skin prick tests, and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC).Across Europe, 12 049 newborns were enrolled, and 9336 (77.5%) were followed up to 2 years of age. In 298 children, HEA was suspected and DBPCFC was offered. HEA by age two was confirmed in 86 of 172 challenged children (mean raw incidence 0.84%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.67-1.03). Adjusted mean incidence of HEA was 1.23% (95% CI 0.98-1.51) considering possible cases among eligible children who were not challenged. Centre-specific incidence ranged from United Kingdom (2.18%, 95% CI 1.27-3.47) to Greece (0.07%). Half of the HE-allergic children became tolerant to HE within 1 year after the initial diagnosis.The largest multinational European birth cohort study on food allergy with gold-standard diagnostic methods showed that the mean adjusted incidence of HEA was considerably lower than previously documented, although differences in incidence rates among countries were noted. Half of the children with documented HEA gained tolerance within 1 year postdiagnosis.
The impact of anemia on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the community
Authors: Sudip Ghosh, Jude Smith, Karen Moore, Noel OKelly
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) has been shown to be linked with multi-faceted clinical consequences in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) enrolled in clinical trials. The predictive value of ACD has not been evaluated in stable COPD patients in the community.  METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated 488 patients (9.4%) with stable COPD under the care of a regional nurse-led community respiratory team between June 2008 - November 2010. 86% of patients were on inhaled beta agonists; 43% on long acting anti-muscarinics, 54% on inhaled steroids and 8% on oral steroids. Mean age of the patients was 73.9 ± 6.1 years, 43% were females and mean MRC grade was 2.2± 0.7. ACD was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) between 9-12g/dl. Mean Hb levels were 14.1± 0.7; 13.9 ± 0.3; 14.0 ± 0.6 and 13.7± 0.2 g/dL at 0, 6, 12 and 24 months. To rule out iron deficiency we sample serum ferritin. Mean serum ferritin levels in the entire study population were 242 ± 15.9 µg/L at the start and 227 ± 19.8 µg/L at the end. The prevalence of ACD was 13.9 ± 2 % (+95% CI) and 14.5 ± 1.3% respectively at the start and end of the study period. 2-year survival was 93% in the entire population; 81% in the anemic group (p  CONCLUSIONS: ACD is relatively common in ambulatory COPD patients in the community and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. It is also a stronger independent predictor for mortality in the short term.
Frequency of an Allele for Low Activity of α-&lt;sc&gt;l&lt;/sc&gt;-Fucosidase in Sera: Possible Increase in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J J Barlow, R A DiCioccio, P H Dillard, L E Blumenson, K L Matta
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article Frequency of an Allele for Low Activity of α-l-Fucosidase in Sera: Possible Increase in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients Get access Joseph J. Barlow, Joseph J. Barlow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard A. DiCioccio, Richard A. DiCioccio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Phyllis H. Dillard, Phyllis H. Dillard Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leslie E. Blumenson, Leslie E. Blumenson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Khushi L. Matta Khushi L. Matta Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 67, Issue 5, November 1981, Pages 1005–1009, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/67.5.1005 Published: 01 November 1981 Article history Received: 26 January 1981 Accepted: 20 July 1981 Published: 01 November 1981
X-linked recessive ichthyosis: an impaired barrier function evokes limited gene responses before and after moisturizing treatments
Authors: T. Hoppe, M.C.G. Winge, M. Bradley, M. Nordenskjöld, A. Vahlquist, B. Berne, H. Törmä
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

X-linked recessive ichthyosis (XLRI) is due to deletions or inactivating mutations in the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene. This results in an accumulation of cholesterol sulphate affecting the packing of intercorneocyte lipids. XLRI is characterized by dry, scaly skin and increased skin barrier permeability; patients are often dependent on daily use of moisturizers.To examine the biophysical and molecular changes in the skin of patients with XLRI compared with healthy volunteers, and to analyse the effects of moisturizers on the patients' barrier function.Patients with XLRI (n=14) and healthy controls (n=14) were included in the study. Skin dryness score, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface pH were monitored at baseline, and punch biopsies were obtained for mRNA expression profiles determined by oligonucleotide arrays. Measurements were repeated in the patients with XLRI after a 4-week treatment with three different moisturizers on the volar forearms.Patients with XLRI showed, compared with healthy controls, increased dryness and TEWL, equal skin pH and altered expression of 27 genes. There were no signs of activation of inflammation or repair pathways. Five selected genes were significantly altered also on quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Treatment with the moisturizers showed similar effects: they improved skin dryness but had no effect on TEWL, pH or expression of selected genes.Despite a dysfunctional skin barrier, the limited number of genes altered in XLRI skin suggests that no inflammatory or repair mechanisms are triggered. Treatment with moisturizers does not have any major impact on the skin barrier properties of patients with XLRI.
Small Noncleaved, Non-Burkitt's (Burkitt-Like) Lymphoma: Cytogenetics Predict Outcome and Reflect Clinical Presentation
Authors: Nicol Macpherson, David Lesack, Richard Klasa, Doug Horsman, Joseph M. Connors, Michael Barnett, Randy D. Gascoyne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To correlate cytogenetic abnormalities with clinical presentation and outcome in Burkitt-like, small noncleaved non-Burkitt's lymphoma (SNC-NB). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with SNC-NB lymphoma and a clonal karyotype were evaluated between January 1989 and January 1996. All were from British Columbia, Canada, underwent uniform clinical staging, and were treated on investigational protocols by a small group of clinicians. RESULTS: Three groups of patients were identified by clonal karyotype on cytogenetic analysis: (1) those with a c-myc translocation (n = 11); (2) those with dual translocation of c-myc and bcl-2 (n = 13); and (3) those with other cytogenetic abnormalities (n = 15). The c-myc group was younger, presented with earlier stage de novo disease, and had a better clinical prognostic factor profile. The dual-translocation and other groups were older and presented in advanced stage with poorer prognostic features, and a larger proportion of the dual-translocation group patients had transformed from previously diagnosed follicular lymphoma. The median overall survival (OS) time for all patients was 5 months. The median OS time for the dual-translocation group was only 2.5 months, as compared with 7 months and 8 months for the c-myc and other group, respectively (P &lt; .001). There were no survivors beyond 7 months among the dual-translocation group, as opposed to 32% and 25% 2-year OS rates in the c-myc and other group. CONCLUSION: SNC-NB lymphoma is a clinically and cytogenetically heterogenous disease. Dual translocation of c-myc and bcl-2 is characterized by a rapid clinical course and extremely poor outcome. This latter entity may represent the most clinically aggressive lymphoma thus far characterized and warrants intensive investigational treatment where feasible.