tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCER AND ITS RESULTS.
Authors: WILLIAM J. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The contributions to the literature of ulcer of the stomach and duodenum have become so numerous that it will be impossible in a paper of this character to give credit for the many valuable advances which have been brought out by individual workers. I wish in this connection, however, to express my appreciation of their labors. For more than twenty years the complications of this malady have received attention. Operations for benign stenosis of the pylorus and some acute secondary manifestations have occasionally been performed, but not until the last five years has there been a surgical invasion into the field of unhealed ulcers with a view of giving relief from pain, under-feeding and chronic disability which so frequently accompany the disease. Acute ulcer of the stomach and duodenum properly belong to the domain of internal medicine, and surgery has to do only with the complications such as perforation, hemorrhage
Two management policies for patients after myocardial infarction: Does exercise testing and a more intensive approach make any difference?
Authors: J. E. Sanderson, E. Whiteley, K. Neubauer, M. Barry
Journal: BMJ (1989)

bilateral oophorectomy had never received hormone replacement therapy is important.Women without ovaries are those most at risk of subsequent osteo- porosis3 and cardiovascular problems,4 and bilateral oophorectomy is regarded by most gynaecologists as an absolute indication for oestrogen treatment.Most of the women who had had a hysterectomy had also never received hormone replacement therapy, and these women, even with intact ovaries, are believed to be at moderately increased risk ofosteoporosis and ischaemic heart disease,' can safely receive unopposed oestrogens, and have a higher ratio of benefit to risk associated with the therapy.Why do so many women at high risk never receive this treatment?One reason might be a lack of communication between the gynaecologist, general practitioner, and patient after the operation or, alternatively, ignorance of the indications for and contraindications to treatment.Before the general use of hormone replacement therapy is considered attention should be focused on those women who undoubtedly need such treatment.I thank the doctors and staff of the participating general practices for their cooperation, Mr Roy Ide for collecting data, and Professor Nicholas Wald for
Predictive Factors of Hospitalization for Acute Exacerbation in a Series of 64 Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: ROMAIN KESSLER, MICHÈLE FALLER, GILLES FOURGAUT, BERTRAND MENNECIER, EMMANUEL WEITZENBLUM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Hospitalizations for acute exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a great impact on health care expenditure. The aim of this study was to look at predictive factors of hospitalization for acute exacerbation in a group of patients with moderate to severe COPD. During the year 1994, we included 64 patients with COPD in this study. At inclusion, the patients being in a stable state, we performed a complete evaluation of their clinical, spirometric, gasometric, and pulmonary hemodynamic characteristics. All patients were followed during a period of at least 2.5 yr. We recorded the intervals free of hospitalization for exacerbation and realized an analysis of the proportional hazards not to be hospitalized using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis using the log-rank test showed that the risk of being hospitalized was significantly increased in patients with COPD with a low body mass index (BMI ⩽ 20 kg/m2, p = 0.015) and in patients with a limited 6-min walk distance ( ⩽ 367 m, p = 0.045). But above all, the risk of hospitalization for acute exacerbation was significantly increased by gas exchange impairment and pulmonary hemodynamic worsening: PaO2 ⩽ 65 mm Hg versus PaO2 > 65 mm Hg, p = 0.005; PaCO2 > 44 mm Hg versus PaCO2 ⩽ 44 mm Hg, p = 0.005; and mean pulmonary artery pressure ( Ppa) at rest > 18 mm Hg versus Ppa ⩽ 18 mm Hg, p = 0.0008. Neither age, nor the association of one or more comorbidities with COPD, nor the smoking habits had a significant impact on the risk of hospitalization in our study. Multivariate analysis showed that only PaCO2 and Ppa were independently related to the risk of hospitalization for acute exacerbation of COPD. We conclude that chronic hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension are predictive factors of hospitalization for acute exacerbation in COPD patients.
Mechanisms of B cell activation in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related disorders. Contribution of antibody-producing B cells, of Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells, and of immunoglobulin production induced by human T cell lymphotropic virus, type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus.
Authors: R Yarchoan, R R Redfield, S Broder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC) have hyperimmunoglobulinemia and increased numbers of circulating immunoglobulin-secreting cells. In this paper, we studied the basis for this B cell hyperactivity. Limiting dilution studies of B cells from seven patients with ARC and four with AIDS revealed that some B cells spontaneously produced antibodies to human T cell lymphotropic virus, type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) (39:10(6) and 7:10(6) B cells, respectively), suggesting that chronic antigenic stimulation by HTLV-III/LAV was one contributing factor. The patients also had an increased number of spontaneously outgrowing B cells than did normals (6:10(6) vs. less than 2:10(6) B cells), suggesting that they had an increased number of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells. However, fewer B cells from patients were immortalized by exogenously added EBV than were B cells from normals. In additional studies, HTLV-III/LAV induced immunoglobulin secretion (mean 2,860 ng/ml) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normals; this HTLV-III/LAV-induced immunoglobulin secretion required the presence of both B and T cells. Thus, antigenic stimulation by HTLV-III/LAV, increased numbers of EBV-infected B cells, and HTLV-III/LAV-induced T cell-dependent B cell activation all contribute to the B cell hyperactivity in patients with HTLV-III/LAV disease.
Human combinatorial autoantibodies and mouse monoclonal antibodies to PDC-E2 produce abnormal apical staining of salivary glands in patients with coexistent primary biliary cirrhosis and Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: Koichi Tsuneyama, Judy Van De Water, Yasuni Nakanuma, Sanghoon Cha, Aftab Ansari, Ross Coppel, Eric M. Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

An increase in the incidence of Sjögren's syndrome in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis has been noted. Indeed, primary biliary cirrhosis has been described as a ductal disease with involvement not only of the biliary tract but of epithelial ductal cells in other organs. We have previously reported the development of a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies directed at PDC-E2, the major autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis. One such antibody, C355.1, but none of the other monoclonal antibodies, reacted not only with mitochondria but also with the apical region of biliary epithelium of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis but not in similar specimens from patients with other liver disease or normal human liver. In addition, we have reported the development of human combinatorial antibodies specific for PDC-E2; these reagents also reacted uniquely with the biliary epithelium of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. In this paper, we have performed a similar study and have compared the staining of monoclonal antibody C355.1 and a human combinatorial antibody, SP4, with control monoclonal antibodies with respect to their reactivity of salivary glands in 9 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis associated with Sjögren's syndrome, 11 patients with Sjögren's syndrome alone and 7 control patients. Interestingly, the apical region of the salivary gland epithelial cells of approximately 50% of patients with coexisting primary biliary cirrhosis and Sjögren's syndrome had a staining pattern similar to that seen in primary biliary cirrhosis biliary epithelium. In contrast, we did not observe this reactivity in any patient with Sjögren's syndrome alone or in any control patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Obstetrics and gynaecology
Authors: A. Pickersgill
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The medical profession and general public seem fascinated as to how anyone could possibly want to pursue this occupation: “So why did you choose this profession?” I should reply by asking why does every doctor not wish to follow this interesting and most satisfying pathway. I have lost count of the number of times I have been asked the question and then listened to the joke about decorating the hall through my letter box.

What other specialty allows you to care for two human beings simultaneously, especially during what is, usually, a joyous life event? Obstetrics deals mainly with young, fit, and healthy women, who normally leave our care with happy memories, a screaming bundle, and perhaps a small scar. They do not return worse in the winter months, for us to palliate but never cure. Most need minimal medical input antenatally, with about a third requiring assisted delivery.

The physicians among us manage diverse disorders from AIDS to Wilsonos disease. We are public health servants, screening for conditions like diabetes. We are teachers, advising on the advantages of breast feeding and the harmful effects of smoking. A working knowledge and cooperation with geneticists is essential in the diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities. Some obstetricians work as “pre-neonatologists,” treating babies in utero weeks before delivery. Radiological interests develop from using ultrasound scanning to identify an abnormal or compromised fetus, to diagnose early pregnancy problems and gynaecological disorders, both benign and malignant. There is an element of emergency medicine, not knowing what is going to present next. When complications occur in pregnancy they can develop quickly and soon become fatal, requiring clear thinking and fast action, the skills of an intensivist. Finally, for almost 20% of women, we wield the knife, performing one of the oldest operations in the world.

Benign gynaecological …
Management of anorexia nervosa revisited
Authors: Mark Berelowitz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Response to radiation incidents and radionuclear threatsMedical treatment should be given only when safe to do so Editor-Turai et al reviewed the medical response to radiation incidents and radionuclear threats. 1 Puzzlingly, they say that providing care for a patient in a life threatening condition always has priority over decontamination from radioactive materials or those actions required for the safety of others involved (medical staff, emergency rescue teams) or related to the wider public and environment. 1I disagree.This statement will encourage inexperienced staff to disregard the safety of themselves and others in a "heroic" attempt to treat those ill and injured.The latest edition of the Major Incident Medical Management and Support Course rightly emphasises self and scene safety over that of survivors. 2Experience has shown again and again that well meaning but poorly trained or equipped rescue and medical staff are highly likely to become further victims. 3As an example, the article points out that some of the 28 radiation deaths from the Chernobyl disaster of 1986 were among fire fighters.Medical treatment should be given only when it is safe to do so: poorly considered and risky actions will simply lengthen the list of casualties.
Randomized trial of coronary stent and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of saphenous vein graft stenosis
Authors: John S. Douglas, Michael P. Savage, Steven R. Bailey, Carl J. Pepine, Jeffrey A. Werner, Paul A. Overlie, Jeffrey A. Brinker, David Fischman, Sheldon Goldberg, Spencer B. King
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Histology simulating reticulosis in persistent nodular scabies
Authors: JOHN THOMSON, THOMAS COCHRANE, REBECCA COCHRAN, ALEXANDER McQUEEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Six patients with persistent nodular scabies are described. Initially the diagnosis was in doubt, and thus a lesion was biopsied in each case. The histology bore a striking resemblance to that of malignant lymphoid neoplasm in five cases. In the absence of a clinical diagnosis it was reported as such by experienced skin histopathologists. In the remaining case an accrues was seen histologically, but the type and extent of the dermal infiltrate suggested a concomitant adverse drug reaction. We feel that these histological appearances may be misleading and that even with accurate clinical details the true diagnosis may be made only on the subsequent progress of the patient.
Inhaled steroids increase risk of glaucoma
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Inhaling steroids carries similar risks for developing glaucoma as taking them orally, Canadian researchers have established. They have shown that people with asthma who take high doses of inhaled steroids for more than three months are 44% more likely to develop glaucoma than non-users.

Investigators from the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal, Canada, studied the relation between the use of inhaled and nasal steroids in 48 118 patients in the Quebec universal health insurance programme for elderly people.

They found …
Does the UNOS Heart Transplant Allocation System Favor Men Over Women?
Authors: Eileen M Hsich, Randall C Starling, Eugene H Blackstone, Tajinder P Singh, James B Young, Eiran Z Gorodeski, David O Taylor, Jesse D Schold
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

The aim of this paper was to identify sex differences in survival of patients awaiting orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT).Women have a higher mortality rate while awaiting OHT than men, and the reason has not been fully determined.We included all adult patients in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) placed on the OHT waiting list from 2000 to 2010. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality before receiving OHT, analyzed using time-to-event analysis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate sex differences in survival, with data stratified by United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) status at time of listing.There were 28,852 patients (24% women) awaiting OHT. This cohort included 6,163 UNOS status 1A (25% women), 9,168 UNOS status 1B (25% women), and 13,521 UNOS status 2 (24% women) patients. During a median follow-up of 3.7 years, 1,290 women and 4,286 men died. Female sex was associated with a significant risk of death among UNOS status 1A (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05 to 1.37, p = 0.01) after adjusting for more than 30 baseline variables. In contrast, female sex was significantly protective for time to death among UNOS status 2 patients (adjusted HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.84, p < 0.001). No sex differences were noted among UNOS status 1B patients.There are sex differences in survival between women and men awaiting heart transplantation, and the current UNOS transplant criteria do not account for this disparity.
Of What Am I Afraid?
Authors: Anne Dohrenwend
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Noninvasive Detection of Plaque Instability with Use of Radiolabeled Annexin A5 in Patients with Carotid-Artery Atherosclerosis
Authors: Bas L.J.H. Kietselaer, Chris P.M. Reutelingsperger, Guido A.K. Heidendal, Mat J.A.P. Daemen, Werner H. Mess, Leonard Hofstra, Jagat Narula
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: Although progressive stenosis of the arterial lumen constitutes the basis for ischemic symptoms in atherosclerotic vascular disease, acute vascular events are for the most part assoc...
Urinary tract infections in men.
Authors: R. Maskell
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Sick doctorsSIR,-Like others before him,' 2 Dr Clive Richards has drawn attention to the stress problems, emo- tional difficulties, and preventive care needs of general practitioners.'A national counselling service for sick doctors already exists,4 but Dr Richards rightly pointed out that coping includes "trying to prevent problems before they occur."Risk factors have been identified.For example, Walton recently noted, "it is commonly accepted that achievement-oriented compulsive people are attracted to medicine" and that this preselection of vulnerable individuals may contribute to the high incidence of mental illness, stress, and drug dependence.'Student selection methods should therefore be reconsidered as part of primary prevention.Current student selection procedures have been criticised6 and contrasted with the thorough personality assessment and psychological testing used by organisations such as IBM.7 In 1988 the World Federation of Medical Education recommended that medical schools should "use selection methods for medical students which 'go beyond intellectual ability and academic achievement to include the evaluation of personal qualities.'"" Including personality assessment in student selection might therefore provide effective primary prevention to help reduce long term unhappiness, stress, and mental illness in the profession.
Falsification End Points for Observational Studies—Reply
Authors: Anupam B. Jena, Vinay Prasad
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
L-Dopa in Parkinson's Syndrome
Authors: David C. Poskanzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The report entitled "Modification of Parkinsonism—Chronic treatment with L-dopa," by Cotzias, Papavasiliou and Gellene in this issue, is the second publication of their work in the Journal 1 and corroborates the original report that a new and remarkably effective treatment, which can be carried on over an extended period, has been found for this chronic debilitating illness. Their work is an exciting development in the application of biochemistry to the treatment of a chronic neurologic condition and the most important contribution to medical therapy of a neurologic disease in the past 50 years because of its usefulness in one of the . . .
Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Francesco S. Loffredo, Andriana P. Nikolova, James R. Pancoast, Richard T. Lee
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Age-related diastolic dysfunction is a major factor in the epidemic of heart failure. In patients hospitalized with heart failure, HFpEF is now as common as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We now have many successful treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, while specific treatment options for HFpEF patients remain elusive. The lack of treatments for HFpEF reflects our very incomplete understanding of this constellation of diseases. There are many pathophysiological factors in HFpEF, but aging appears to play an important role. Here, we propose that aging of the myocardium is itself a specific pathophysiological process. New insights into the aging heart, including hormonal controls and specific molecular pathways, such as microRNAs, are pointing to myocardial aging as a potentially reversible process. While the overall process of aging remains mysterious, understanding the molecular pathways of myocardial aging has never been more important. Unraveling these pathways could lead to new therapies for the enormous and growing problem of HFpEF.
Individual hospital data on "never events" to be published every quarter
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Figures on the number of “never events” happening in each hospital trust in England are to be published every three months in a bid to improve the safety of patients, NHS England has announced.1 From April 2014 the data will be published monthly.

Provisional data from the first two quarters of this financial year show that between April and September 102 trusts and eight independent hospitals had at least one never event—an error that put patients at risk of harm and should never happen. Previous data were published annually and only …
Extrapolation of experimental data from animals to man.
Authors: G N Krasovskii
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Conditions for extrapolating toxicologic data from animals to man were studied. In the search for general regularities associated with the comparative sensitivity of humans and various species of animals to toxins, it was shown that the toxicity parameters of compounds and the biological constants of mammals correlate with body weight. This relationship is well described by a rectilinear regression equation which holds for more than 100 of the most diverse mammalian biological constants. The toxicity parameters for 80% of the substances also are subordinated to this regularity. This made it possible to develop a computational method for extrapolating toxicologic data from animals to the "average" man. In order to increase the reliability of extrapolation, it is necessary to take into consideration the limits of variability of sensitivity of various population contingents to the effect of chemical compounds, estimate the accuracy of establishing the threshold and no-effect doses of substances under chronic experiment conditions with animals and determine the maximally possible error associated with extrapolating experimental data to the "average" man. In this respect, it is advisable to use a coefficient of reserve whose value should not be less than 10 in order to ensure safe conditions for the transfer of the results of toxicologic studies to public health practice.