tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 017: A Prospective Study of Eating Habits and Incident Coronary Heart Disease in a Cohort of Male U.S. Health Professionals
Authors: Leah E Cahill, Stephanie E Chiuve, Rania A Mekary, Majken K Jensen, Alan J Flint, Frank B Hu, Eric B Rimm
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans concludes that there is currently not enough evidence to support a specific recommendation for behaviors such as snacking and frequency of eating, but does recommend eating breakfast daily to prevent obesity, especially for children and adolescents. Among adults, skipping meals has been shown to be positively associated with excess weight, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and total mortality. However, the influence of eating frequency on risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear. Objective and Hypothesis: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that abnormal eating habits are related to an increased risk of fatal CHD and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Methods: Eating frequency (meals and/or snacks per day), breakfast consumption (yes or no) and eating after going to bed at night (yes or no) were assessed in 1992 in 35,221 men from the prospective Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Between 1992 and 2008, 2761 incident CHD cases were diagnosed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for these eating habits. Results: Men who ate &lt;3 times/day, compared to the men who ate 3 times/day, had a 22% higher risk of CHD ( table ). Men who skipped breakfast had a significant 18% higher risk of CHD compared to men who ate breakfast. Those who reported eating after going to bed had a 34% higher risk of CHD compared to the men who did not. Conclusions: Even when controlling for known CHD risk factors including diet quality, general infrequent eating was associated with increased CHD risk, as were skipping breakfast and eating after bedtime. Table Multivariate * RR and 95% CI of CHD by categories of eating habit Cases (n) Person Years Age-RR (95% CI) MV-RR (95% CI) p (trend) Eating Frequency &lt; 3 times/day 503 85,920 1.26 (1.14-1.40) 1.22 (1.08-1.37) 0.01 3 times/day 1222 217,400 1.00 (Ref) 1.00 (Ref) &gt; 3 times/day 1036 191,974 1.08 (0.99-1.17) 0.98 (0.90-1.07) Breakfast Eating Yes 2164 380,491 1.00 (Ref) 1.00 (Ref) 0.005 No 597 114,802 1.28 (1.16-1.40) 1.18 (1.06-1.31) Eating After Bedtime Yes 49 5,515 1.64 (1.23-2.17) 1.34 (1.00-1.79) 0.0009 No 2712 489,531 1.00 (Ref) 1.00 (Ref) * Adjusted for: smoking status, race, diabetes, parental MI before 60 years of age, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, aspirin use, multivitamin use, alternative Healthy Eating Index score, alcohol intake, total energy intake, BMI, and physical activity.
Usefulness of admission red cell distribution Width as a predictor of early mortality in patients with severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ekrem Seyhan, Sinem Sökücü, Imran Ömür
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is strongly associated with prognosis in cardiopulmonary disorders such as coronary artery disease, acute pulmonary emboli, acute heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with attact is frequently associated with right ventricular loading and pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between admission RDW and early mortality in patients with severe exacerbation of COPD.  Method: Two hundred five patients with confirmed in COPD patients with attact were included. Demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory characteristics were registered and recorded COPD deaths were registered as outcomes.  Results: RDW was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) (p 15.5 % on admission, PaCO2, CRP levels, presence of RVD, and presence of PAH were found to have prognostic significance in univariate analysis. Only increased RDW >15.5 % on admission (p= 0.012) and the presence of RVD (p   Conclusion: COPD patients with RDW levels during exacerbation are at increased risk of early mortality.
LSC 2011 Abstract: BAFF in the interaction between T regulatory and B cells in COPD
Authors: Francesca Polverino, Jaime Pons, Amanda Iglesias, Angel Rios, Sergio Scrimini, Catalina Crespi, Jaume Sauleda, Alvar Agusti, Borja Cosio
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  COPD shares some features with autoimmune diseases, such as a blunted regulatory T-cell (Tregs) activity allowing autoimmune reactions. B cell Activating Factor (BAFF) is a key factor modulating B cell homeostasis, and is overexpressed in B-cells lymphoid follicles of lungs from COPD patients. We hypothesize that BAFF upregulation in B cells is due to a reduced activity of TRegs translated as a lower production of BAFF in these cells.   Methods:  BAFF expression in B-lymphocytes and Tregs from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood was quantified by Flow Cytometry in 38 patients with COPD (mean±SD,FEV1=68±14%pred); 17 smokers with normal lung function (SC) (FEV1=104±15%pred) and 20 non-smokers (NSC) (FEV1=101±20%pred).   Results:  In BAL, Tregs from COPD patients showed lower BAFF expression (Median, Range: 7, 0-32 Mean Fluorescence, MF) as compared to SC (17, 10-27; p=2×10 -4 ) and NSC (14, 10-22; p=0,005).  Conversely, BAFF was overexpressed in B lymphocytes from COPD patients (50, 23-121) when compared to SC (12, 0-28; p=6×10 -5 ) and NSC (20, 6-95; p=0,001).  In blood, COPD had less Baff+ TRegs (10, 0-22,5) and more Baff+ B lymphocytes (23, 5,6-102) compared to NSC(12, 10-5; 13, 10-53; p=0,01; p=0,006, respectively). To test whether cigarette smoke (CS) influences BAFF expression, we cultivated blood mononuclear cells from 4 NSC with 3% and 7%CS. At 24 hours, BAFF was increased in B lymphocytes stimulated with CS 3% and even more with CS 7% with respect to the control (p=0,03; p=0,02, respectively).   Conclusion:  In COPD there is a blunted expression of BAFF in TRegs that leads, partly due to cigarette smoke, to its excessive production by B lymphocytes, showing an imbalance of its functioning that is a common feature of several autoimmune diseases.
Pik3Ca Mutations and Loss of Pten Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells (Ctcs) in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer (Mbc)
Authors: R. Lozano Mejorada, I. Matos, R.A. Marcos, S. Alfonso, C. Guillén, A. Noguerido, O. Rúa, R. Vidal, M.Á. Hernández, J.L. García, A. Gomez Bernal, C.A. Rodríguez, J.J. Cruz Hernandez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Activity of lysozyme and adenosine deaminase in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Mirjana Trajcevska, Aleksandar Sandevski, Ljiljana Simonovska
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Tuberculosis is granulomatous infectious disease. In its pathogenesis are involved various immunological reactions.  The aim of this paper is to evaluate the initial levels of lysozyme as a representative of innate immune system and adenosine deaminase which is present in T lymphocytes and produce in the process of their maturation.  Patients and methods: the study was performed on 81 patients, 45 with pulmonary TB (26 males and 19 females) and 36 patients ( 26 with malignant diseases of the lung and 12 patients with pneumonia ) as a control group.  Results: the examination of the initial level of lysozyme showed statisticaly significant differences between TB patients and those with pneumonia ( p  Conclusion: there are activation of innate immune system and T lymphocytes in patient with tuberculosis.
Abstract 287: Hybrid Cars and Electromagnetic Fields: Implications for Persons With Cardiac Devices
Authors: Cynthia Ennis, Edward Nobrega, Dionyssios Robotis, Lawrence Rosenthal
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Electromagnetic interference with implantable cardioverter defibrillators can lead to temporary inhibition of device therapy or to inappropriate delivery of anti-tachycardia pacing an...
Palliative Therapy for Recalcitrant Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma of the Hands and Feet With Low-Dose, High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy
Authors: Allison L. Goddard, Ruth Ann Vleugels, Nicole R. LeBoeuf, Desmond A. O’Farrell, Robert A. Cormack, Jorgen L. Hansen, Thomas S. Kupper, Phillip M. Devlin
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) of the hands and feet can be challenging to treat and cause significant disability for patients. Although CTCL is a highly radiosensitive tumor, the complex topography of acral surfaces presents challenges to achieving homogeneous superficial dosing of traditional electron beam therapy. In addition, traditional dosing may result in substantial acute cutaneous toxic effects. Recent reports demonstrate that low-dose palliative radiotherapy may be as effective as traditional regimens in CTCL. High dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy allows for control of the depth of radiation penetration over complex curved surfaces. This study investigated the role of low-dose HDR brachytherapy for acral CTCL lesions. <h3>Observations</h3> Six patients with a total of 8 acral CTCL lesions received low-dose HDR brachytherapy during a 3-year period. Rapid improvement and clinical clearance were observed in all treated lesions with minimal to no acute cutaneous toxic effects. During a mean follow-up period of 15.8 months, 1 lesion recurred locally; the remaining 7 lesions had sustained clinical remission. No long-term sequelae were observed. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This case series demonstrates that low-dose HDR brachytherapy provides excellent palliation for local control of acral CTCL lesions, offering homogeneous, controlled dosing for complex topographic sites with minimal to no cutaneous toxic effects.
Training overseas doctors in the United Kingdom
Authors: D. J Buchanan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Resuscitation should not be part of every deathEditor-Pioneers of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the 1960s were medical heroes.They would be surprised to find their treatment for hearts that were too young to die becoming an obligatory death rite for all, and themselves anathematised for mentioning the new taboo of age. 1 Feedback that I, as chairman of Tayside cardiopulmonary resuscitation committee, receive from junior hospital staff is that inappropriately initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation is common, emotionally fraught, and demotivating; inappropriate failure to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation is virtually unknown.Seemingly false positive results therefore heavily outnumber false negative results, but parallel audits of deaths and cardiopulmonary resuscitation are now being conducted to relate the two.
Growth in Semisolid Agar Medium of Human Cord Leukocytes Freshly Transformed by Epstein-Barr Virus 2
Authors: Fumio Mizuno, Takao Aya, Toyoro Osato
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

The semisolid agar method for the selective growth of transformed cells was applied to investigations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation. When 1 X 10(5) HUMAn umbilical-cord blood leukocytes were seeded in agar medium immediately after EBV exposure, about 100 colonies developed in each dish. The occurrence of colonies correlated well with dilutions of EBV inoculum. These colonies were composed of lymphoblasts, were positive for EBV-determined nuclear antigen immunofluorescence, and consistently resulted in the establishment of cell lines. In cord leukocyte cultures exposed to EBV, cells capable of growing in semisolid agar medium appeared early and increased rapidly, though the total numbers of leukocytes and control cultures decreased during the first several days.
Distribution of 17 β-Estradiol in the Sera of Normal British and Japanese Women&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J W Moore, G M Clark, O Takatani, Y Wakabayashi, J L Hayward, R D Bulbrook
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Normal Japanese women had significantly more of their blood 17 β-estradiol (E2) bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (53%) than British women (30%) and conversely less bound to albumin. while the proportion of SHBG-bound E2 increased with SHBG capacity and while binding fell as weight increased, the differences between the races do not appear to be explicable in terms of SHBG capacity or weight. At a given SHBG capacity, the Japanese women had more E2 bound to the protein than the British women. Where weights in the 2 populations overlapped, the Japanese women still had more of their E2 bound to SHBG than did the British women. Our results suggested that the affinity of albumin for E2 is lower in Japanese women.
Urinary exosomes as a stable source of mRNA for prostate cancer analysis.
Authors: Leileata M. Russo, Kendall Bate, Piruz Motamedinia, Guillermo Salazar, Anna Scott, Michael Lipsky, Neda Sadeghi, James Lin, Wayne D. Comper, Daniel Peter Petrylak, James M. McKiernan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

174 Background: Exosomes are novel lipid bilayer vesicles that are released into biofluids such as urine and carry high integrity RNA from the parent cell which they were derived. Due to their unique stability and the fact that they contain prostate specific mRNA transcripts, we examined their potential as a non-invasive source of mRNA biomarkers for prostate cancer analysis. Methods: Following a Columbia University approved IRB protocol, random urine samples were collected from 163 men who were stratified into 4 groups: biopsy negative (Bx Neg, n=39), biopsy positive (Bx Pos, n=47), post-radical prostatectomy (RP, n=37) and controls (males &lt;35 yrs, n=40). Urine samples were stored at 4°C and 0.8 μm filtration was used to remove whole cells and debris. Urinary exosomal RNA was isolated using our in-house technique. RT-qPCR was used to analyze PSA, PCA3, androgen receptor (AR), survivin, NCOA2, RAD21, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), ERG and TMPRSS2:ERG fusion at the mRNA level. Results: Mean serum PSA protein level and age were similar in the Bx Neg and Bx Pos groups. Relative quantitation (RQ) of genes standardized to the PSA gene revealed that ERG (P&lt;0.005), PCA3 (P&lt;0.005), TMPRSS2:ERG fusion (P&lt;0.05), TMPRSS2 (P&lt;0.05) and survivin (P&lt;0.005) were significantly increased in the Bx Pos vs. Bx Neg group. TMPRSS2:ERG fusion events occurred in 68% of Bx Pos vs. 44% of Bx Neg patients and were present in only 5% of controls. No patient in the RP group had positive TMPRSS2:ERG detection; this finding was further supported by the loss of TMPRSS2:ERG expression for 4 Bx Pos patients following prostatectomy suggesting specificity of the fusion event to the prostate. Conclusions: This study confirms urinary exosomes as a source of high quality RNA and showed significant differences in the expression of ERG, PCA3, TMPRSS2:ERG genes between the Bx Pos and Bx Neg groups. Our findings are consistent with previous studies based on tissue and post-prostate massage urinary cell analyses. The unique stability and yield of urinary exosomal RNA collected without a prostatic massage will hopefully simplify sample handing, obviate sample variability and patient discomfort inherent to prostate massage, and broaden the role of exosomes in future diagnostic testing.
<i>TOP2A</i> aberrations as predictive and prognostic marker in high-risk breast cancer patients. A randomized DBCG Trial (DBCG89D)
Authors: A. Knoop, H. Knudsen, E. Balslev, B. B. Rasmussen, J. Overgaard, M. During, K. V. Nielsen, J. T. Jørgensen, H. Mouridsen, B. Ejlertsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

532 Background: The primary objective of the study was to evaluate TOP2A as predictive marker for adjuvant treatment with epirubicin in high-risk breast cancer patients. As a secondary objective the prognostic characteristics of TOP2A gene aberrations was investigated. The data presented on the predictive properties is a follow-up to the data previously published (Knoop et al, J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 7483–90). Methods: 962 pre- and postmenopausal high-risk Danish patients were enrolled in the DBCG89D protocol. The patients were randomly allocated to either 9 × CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-flurouracil) (n=495) or 9 × CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 5-flurouracil) (n=467) every 3 weeks. Tumor-tissue was available from 806 patients (84%). The tumors were analyzed for TOP2A copy number changes with the TOP2A FISH pharmDx Kit (Dako, Glostrup). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was used as primary end-point. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used to assess the predictive and prognostic properties of the TOP2A gene aberrations. Results: The TOP2A test was successful in 96% of the patients. Ninety-two (12.0%) patients were found to have TOP2A amplified tumors, and 86 (11.1%) to have TOP2A deleted tumors. For the primary study endpoint (RFS) a significant predictive value of TOP2A gene amplifications was found (HR=0.39; CI: 0.22–0.70; p=0.0017). A similar trend was seen with respect to TOP2A deletions (HR=0.61; CI: 0.35–1.07; p=0.082). TOP2A gene aberrations were significantly associated with several established prognostic factors and had independent prognostic value, associated with a significant worse prognosis both for RFS (p=0.036) and overall survival (p=0.012). Conclusions: The DBCG89D study has shown that TOP2A amplifications are associated with a favorable outcome of adjuvant treatment with epirubicin in primary breast cancer. Further, TOP2A aberrations demonstrated an independent prognostic value. [Table: see text]
Type I interferons and IL-15 regulate antiviral cellular responses to rhinovirus infection
Authors: Annabelle Jayaraman, Sebastian Johnston, Nathan Bartlett
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rhinoviruses (RV) are a global burden on respiratory health, particularly for those with chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma. The lack of treatments for RV-induced diseases inspires further studies into immune mechanisms of disease. IL-15 and NK cells are critical for defence against many viruses, but their role during RV infections has not been defined. Hypothesis IL-15, induced by type I interferons (IFNs), is critical for NK cell responses in the lungs during RV infection. Aims Use mouse models of RV infection with modulation of IL-15 and/or type I IFN signalling and assess airway inflammation. Results RV-1B infection induced upregulation of IL-15 gene and protein expression at day 1 in lung tissue (2.5-fold P<0.001) and was proceeded by an activated (increased CD69, GranzymeB and IFN-γ expression) NK cell response in the lungs at days 2-4; neutralisation of airway IL-15 with a monoclonal antibody impaired NK and CD8+ T cell responses. RV-induced IL-15, NK and CD8+ T cell responses were deficient (P<0.01) in type I IFN receptor knockout (IFNAR1-/-) mice; however, intranasal administration of IL-15c at the time of infection restored these responses in IFNAR1-/- mice and boosted them in wild type (WT) mice. IL-15c also significantly increased IFN-γ expression in WT and IFNAR1-/- mice and IFN stimulated genes PKR, OAS and IP-10 in WT mice during infection. This study demonstrates the necessity of type I IFN signalling for RV-induced IL-15, which is important for NK cell, CD8+ T cell and IFN-mediated antiviral responses. These data identify type I IFNs and IL-15 as potential therapeutics to prevent/treat RV-induced diseases such as asthma exacerbations.
Inhibition of p38 kinase suppresses the development of psoriasis-like lesions in a human skin transplant model of psoriasis
Authors: K. Mihara, G.R. Elliott, A.M. Boots, R.L. Nelissen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Journal Article Inhibition of p38 kinase suppresses the development of psoriasis‐like lesions in a human skin transplant model of psoriasis Get access K. Mihara, K. Mihara Merck Research Laboratories, Merck Sharp and Dohme, 5340 BH Oss, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.R. Elliott, G.R. Elliott Derphartox BV, Leiden, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M. Boots, A.M. Boots Merck Research Laboratories, Merck Sharp and Dohme, 5340 BH Oss, the NetherlandsDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands E‐mail: katsuhiro.mihara@merck.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.L. Nelissen R.L. Nelissen Merck Research Laboratories, Merck Sharp and Dohme, 5340 BH Oss, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 167, Issue 2, 1 August 2012, Pages 455–457, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10939.x Published: 01 August 2012
Protection of acute myeloblastic leukemia cells against apoptotic cell death by high glutathione and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase levels during etoposide-induced oxidative stress
Authors: T. Siitonen, P. Alaruikka, P. Mäntymaa, E.-R. Savolainen, T.J. Kavanagh, C.M. Krejsa, C.C. Franklin, V. Kinnula, P. Koistinen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1999)
Intrinsic phenotypic differences of the asthmatic epithelium and its inflammatory responses to RSV and particulate matter
Authors: Tillie-Louise Hackett, Gurpreet Singhera, Furquan Shaheen, Del Dorsheid, Darryl Knight
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Within the airway, the epithelium forms the first structural cell defense against common environmental insults such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and particulate matter. These stimuli have been shown to be associated with exacerbations of the disease, which contribute to the financial burden of asthma.   Objective:  Characterize the intrinsic phenotype of asthmatic and non-asthmatic airway epithelium and determine their inflammatory responses to RSV and particulate matter (EHC-93) exposure.   Methods:  Air-liquid interface cultures (ALICs) were generated from asthmatic and non-asthmatic airway epithelial cells. Airway tissue and ALICs were analyzed by immuno for Cytokeratin-5, E-cadherin, Ki67, Muc5AC, and apoptosis. ALI cultures were exposed to RSV (4×10 6  PFU/ml) or EHC-93 (100μg/ml) for 24, 48, and 96 h and supernatants analyzed for pro-inflammatory cytokines using ELISA.   Results:  The airway epithelium of asthmatics  in vivo  and in ALIC demonstrated a less differentiated epithelium characterized by elevated numbers of cells expressing basal cell markers CK-5 and Ki67 and less adherens junction protein E-cadherin (p   Conclusion:  This parallel  ex vivo  and  in vitro  study demonstrates that the asthmatic epithelium displays an intrinsic alteration in phenotype and responds with an enhanced inflammatory profile to RSV and particulate matter.
eCURB outperforms CURB-65 and A-DROP for predicting 30-day mortality in pneumonia
Authors: Barbara Jones, Jason Jones, Al Jephson, Naresh Kumar, Ben Briggs, Caroline Vines, Todd Allen, Nathan Dean
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

RATIONALE:

Severity assessment tools that use objective data available in the electronic medical record include CURB-65, A-DROP, and eCURB, an electronic version of CURB-65 using continuous variables (Jones et al, Chest. 2011;140:156-163). Our aim was to compare eCURB, CURB-65, and A-DROP versus 30-day mortality in a contemporary, emergency department pneumonia cohort.

METHODS:

We identified pneumonia patients by ICD-9 code plus compatible radiograph in 7 emergency departments Dec 1, 2009-Dec 1, 2010. Patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and health-care acquired pneumonia (HCAP) were identified. We extracted initial clinical features and triage information from the electronic medical record. We determined mortality from the Utah Population Database. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis of mortality was compared.

RESULTS:

We studied 2394 patients. 30-day mortality was 3.5% for 2061 patients with CAP and 16.2% for 333 patients with HCAP. The table shows areas under the curve (AUC) versus 30-day mortality.

View this table:

30-day Mortality AUC.





CONCLUSION:

eCURB outperformed CURB-65 and A-DROP for mortality prediction in patients with CAP. For HCAP patients, all mortality predictors performed poorly.