tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clearance of HIV — Lessons from Newborns
Authors: Kenneth McIntosh, Sandra K. Burchett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

AIDS is probably the most intensively studied infectious disease in history, yet enormous gaps remain in our knowledge of its pathogenesis. Clinicians have long been intrigued by the question “Is human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [HIV-1] infection permanent and always (with time) fatal, or do some people recover?” The paper by Bryson and her colleagues1 in this issue of the Journal solves a small but important piece of the puzzle and raises intriguing questions about perinatally transmitted HIV infection.A child whose mother had HIV infection had negative HIV cultures of blood at birth, but then had two positive blood . . .
Mercury Poisoning From Home Gold Ore Processing
Authors: Wayne Snodgrass
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The production of a mercury amalgam in home gold ore processing has become a popular and widely used method. Six patients involved in two episodes were treated following onset of symptoms from inhalation of mercury vapor. Penicillamine was shown to be an effective chelator of mercury when coupled with a mobilization test to assess body burden. The danger associated with mercury use in this technique needs to be better communicated to the public.
James Crawford Little of Morton Rig
Authors: Alan Kerr
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Innovator in perinatal mental healthDiana Riley was a key figure in obstetric liaison psychiatry and perinatal mental health.She researched and published widely over 36 years, including works for health professionals and lay readers on postnatal depression and drug addiction in pregnancy.Diana instituted one of the first mother and baby mental health units in the country, at St John's Hospital, Stone, to care for mothers with postnatal depression without separating them from their babies-a revolutionary idea at the time.She established and supervised psychotherapy groups for mothers with postnatal depression in Buckinghamshire, and developed expertise in drug addiction in pregnancy while working and teaching at University College Hospital, London.She was also a prime mover in one of the earliest dedicated pre-senile dementia units in the country, leading a multidisciplinary team at St John's Hospital, Stone.Brought up in a deprived area of London, Diana was influenced by seeing people unable to afford proper medical treatment.Her conviction that one must add to the sum of human health and happiness informed her work and her relationships with family, friends, and the wider community.After qualifying and marrying, she was a locum in general practice during 1956-60, producing a child a year.She cared for the families of the Royal Air Force at RAF Halton
Reversal of in situ T-cell exhaustion during effective human antileukemia responses to donor lymphocyte infusion
Authors: Pavan Bachireddy, Ursula Hainz, Michael Rooney, Olga Pozdnyakova, Julie Aldridge, Wandi Zhang, Xiaoyun Liao, F. Stephen Hodi, Karyn O’Connell, W. Nicholas Haining, Natalie R. Goldstein, Christine M. Canning, Robert J. Soiffer, Jerome Ritz, Nir Hacohen, Edwin P. Alyea, Haesook T. Kim, Catherine J. Wu
Journal: Blood (2013)
New Insights on the Simultaneous Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function With the HOMA2 Method
Authors: Andrea Caumo, Gianluca Perseghin, Amelia Brunani, Livio Luzi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We are very grateful to Nagasaka et al. (1) for their letter addressing relevant issues concerning the joint use of the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)2 indexes (2,3). Nagasaka et al. measured the HOMA2 indexes of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S%) and β-cell function (HOMA-B%) in 295 Japanese normal glucose tolerant men. They calculated the natural logarithm of the two indexes and used simple linear regression to analyze the relationship between the log-transformed indexes: ln(HOMA-B%) = a –b × ln(HOMA-S%). They found that the slope b was significantly lower than 1 and concluded that in their dataset the relationship between the HOMA2 indexes was not …
Risk of Chronic Beryllium Disease by HLA-DPB1 E69 Genotype and Beryllium Exposure in Nuclear Workers
Authors: Mike V. Van Dyke, John W. Martyny, Margaret M. Mroz, Lori J. Silveira, Matt Strand, Tasha E. Fingerlin, Hiroe Sato, Lee S. Newman, Lisa A. Maier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Beryllium sensitization (BeS) and chronic beryllium disease (CBD) are determined by at least one genetic factor, a glutamic acid at position 69 (E69) of the HLA-DPB1 gene, and by exposure to beryllium. The relationship between exposure and the E69 genotype has not been well characterized.The study goal was to define the relationship between beryllium exposure and E69 for CBD and BeS.Workers (n = 386) from a U.S. nuclear weapons facility were enrolled into a case-control study (70 BeS, 61 CBD, and 255 control subjects). HLA-DPB1 genotypes were determined by sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction. Beryllium exposures were reconstructed on the basis of worker interviews and historical exposure measurements.Any E69 carriage increased odds for CBD (odds ratio [OR], 7.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.66-15.84) and each unit increase in lifetime weighted average exposure increased the odds for CBD (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.26-4.09). Compared with E69-negative genotypes, a single E69-positive *02 allele increased the odds for BeS (OR, 12.01; 95% CI, 4.28-33.71) and CBD (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.42-8.43). A single non-*02 E69 allele further increased the odds for BeS (OR, 29.54; 95% CI, 10.33-84.53) and CBD (OR, 11.97; 95% CI, 5.12-28.00) and two E69 allele copies conferred the highest odds for BeS (OR, 55.68; 95% CI, 14.80-209.40) and CBD (OR, 22.54; 95% CI, 7.00-72.62).E69 and beryllium exposure both contribute to the odds of CBD. The increased odds for CBD and BeS due to E69 appear to be differentially distributed by genotype, with non-*02 E69 carriers and E69 homozygotes at higher odds than those with *02 genotypes.
Evaluation of Systemic Amyloidosis by Scintigraphy with<sup>123</sup>I-Labeled Serum Amyloid P Component
Authors: Philip N. Hawkins, J. Peter Lavender, Mark B. Pepys
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

In systemic amyloidosis the distribution and progression of disease have been difficult to monitor, because they can be demonstrated only by biopsy. Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a normal circulating plasma protein that is deposited on amyloid fibrils because of its specific binding affinity for them. We investigated whether labeled SAP could be used to locate amyloid deposits.Purified human SAP labeled with iodine-123 was given intravenously to 50 patients with biopsy-proved systemic amyloidosis--25 with the AL (primary) type and 25 with the AA (secondary) type--and to 26 control patients with disease and 10 healthy subjects. Whole-body images and regional views were obtained after 24 hours and read in a blinded fashion.In the patients with amyloidosis the 123I-SAP was localized rapidly and specifically in amyloid deposits. The scintigraphic images obtained were characteristic and appeared to identify the extent of amyloid deposition in all 50 patients. There was no uptake of the 123I-SAP by the control patients and the healthy subjects. In all patients with AA amyloidosis the spleen was affected, whereas the scans showed uptake in the heart, skin, carpal region, and bone marrow only in patients with the AL type. Positive images were seen in six patients in whom biopsies had been negative or unsuccessful; in all six, amyloid was subsequently found on biopsy or at autopsy. Progressive amyloid deposition was observed in 9 of 11 patients studied serially.Scintigraphy after the injection of 123I-SAP can be used for diagnosing, locating, and monitoring the extent of systemic amyloidosis.
The Dexamethasone Suppression Test and Suicide Prediction
Authors: William Coryell, Michael Schlesser
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

Despite the substantial risks of eventual suicide associated with major depressive disorder, clinicians lack robust predictors with which to quantify these risks. This study compared the validity of demographic and historical risk factors with that of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), a clinically practical measure of hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.Seventy-eight inpatients with Research Diagnostic Criteria major depressive disorder or schizoaffective disorder, depressed type, entered a long-term follow-up study between 1978 and 1981, and, in addition, underwent a 1-mg DST. The number of suicides in this group during a 15-year follow-up period was determined, and the predictive validity of four demographic and historical risk factors reported in the literature to be consistently predictive of suicide in depressed patients was compared to the predictive validity of the DST results.Thirty-two of the 78 patients had abnormal DST results. Survival analyses showed that the estimated risk for eventual suicide in this group was 26.8%, compared to only 2.9% among patients who had normal DST results. None of the demographic and historical risk factors examined in the study significantly distinguished those who later committed suicide from those who did not.In efforts to predict and prevent suicidal behavior in patients with major depressive disorder, HPA-axis hyperactivity, as reflected in DST results, may provide a tool that is considerably more powerful than the clinical predictors currently in use. Research on the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior in major depressive disorder should emphasize the HPA axis and its interplay with the serotonin system.
Myeloid lineage cell-restricted insulin resistance protects apolipoproteinE-deficient mice against atherosclerosis
Authors: Julia Baumgartl, Stephanie Baudler, Maximilian Scherner, Vladimir Babaev, Liza Makowski, Jill Suttles, Marcia McDuffie, Sergio Fazio, C. Ronald Kahn, Gökhan S. Hotamisligil, Wilhelm Krone, MacRae Linton, Jens C. Brüning
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2006)
Working in a Camp for Cambodian Refugees
Authors: Barry S. Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

For six weeks in February and March 1980, I served as a physician at Khao-I-Dang, the largest of the camps for Cambodian refugees in Thailand. It was the most moving, sobering, and gratifying experience of my life, and in many ways the most real.My experience and that of many other relief workers probably do not conform to most readers' expectations about what it must be like to work in a refugee camp. My overwhelming sense there was not of death, but of life; not of the Cambodians' ability merely to survive, but of their vitality; not of their grief . . .
Metalloproteinases and Malignant Conversion: Does Correlation Imply Causality?
Authors: Lance A. Liotta, William Stetler-Stevenson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Metalloproteinases and Malignant Conversion: Does Correlation Imply Causality? Get access Lance A. Liotta, Lance A. Liotta Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William Stetler-Stevenson William Stetler-Stevenson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 8, 19 April 1989, Pages 556–557, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.8.556 Published: 19 April 1989 Article history Received: 10 March 1989 Accepted: 10 March 1989 Published: 19 April 1989
Early Use of X-ray Machines and Electrocardiographs at the Pennsylvania Hospital-Reply
Authors: Joel D. Howell
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  Dr Dirckx is quite correct that technical developments were critically important in making the electrocardiograph clinically relevant. 1-3 His last suggestion is an intriguing one. While the radiographer and the electrocardiographer were not the same person at the Pennsylvania Hospital, studies comparing the organization of radiology and electrocardiography departments in hospitals that did and did not combine the two roles would add a great deal to our understanding of early 20th century American hospitals.  The preeminent position of The Johns Hopkins Hospitals has long been recognized by historians of medicine. 4 I am not surprised to hear that this institution purchased new instruments and adopted new forms before hospitals such as the Pennsylvania Hospital, a well-respected institution, but not one in the same class as Johns Hopkins. However, medical historians of recent decades have tried to move beyond chronicling priorities, a task primarily of interest for those chronicled.
A LARGE CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE ON APPROPRIATE USE CRITERIA APPLIED TO NUCLEAR IMAGING
Authors: Manuja Premaratne, Marjolein L. van Velthuijsen, Layla Mahmud, Emily Brennan, David Martyres, Angela Borynec, Jessica Tomchishen, Ian Burwash, Rob Beanlands, Renee Hessian, Benjamin Chow, Terrence Ruddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells contribute to CD8 T cell tolerance toward circulating carcinoembryonic antigen in mice
Authors: Bastian Höchst, Frank A. Schildberg, Jan Böttcher, Christina Metzger, Sebastian Huss, Andreas Türler, Markus Overhaus, Andreas Knoblich, Berthold Schneider, Dimitrios Pantelis, Christian Kurts, Jörg C. Kalff, Percy Knolle, Linda Diehl
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Immunity against cancer is impeded by local mechanisms promoting development of tumor-specific T cell tolerance, such as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, or immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment. The release of soluble antigens, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) from colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells, has been investigated for diagnostic purposes, but not for its immunological consequences. Here, we address the question of whether soluble CEA influences tumor-specific immunity. Mice were injected with soluble CEA protein, and CEA-specific CD8 T cells were analyzed for their phenotype and functionality by means of restimulation ex vivo or antitumor efficacy in vivo . We furthermore characterized the CD8 T cell population in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) from healthy donors and colorectal carcinoma patients. In mice, circulating CEA was preferentially taken up in a mannose receptor–dependent manner and cross-presented by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, but not dendritic cells, to CD8 T cells. Such systemically circulating CEA promoted tolerization of CEA-specific CD8 T cells in the endogenous T cell repertoire through the coinhibitory molecule B7H1. These CD8 T cells were not deleted but were rendered nonresponsive to antigen-specific stimulation and failed to control growth of CEA-expressing tumor cells. These nonresponsive CD8 T cells were phenotypically similar to central memory T cells being CD44highCD62LhighCD25neg. We found T cells with a similar phenotype in PBMCs of healthy donors and at increased frequency also in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence for the existence of an unrecognized tumor immune escape involving cross-presentation of systemically circulating tumor antigens that may influence immunotherapy of cancer.
S33 Does anti-reflux surgery symptomatically improve extra-oesophageal symptoms and quality of life in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: C A Lynch, S Ejiofor, R Sathyamurthy, A Mansur
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Extra-oesophageal (ie laryngeal, pharyngeal and pulmonary) symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) are common clinical problems. GOR can cause a chronic cough and its prevalence is higher in asthmatics than in the general population. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are the most effective available therapy but in those who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy anti-reflux surgery is considered. <h3>Method</h3> At our central England teaching hospital a database was set up for all respiratory patients with GOR who were referred for anti-reflux surgery. Symptoms were assessed at baseline (pre-surgery), 3 months post surgery and 12 months post surgery using the asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ, range; 0 = worst -7 = best) and a cough symptom questionnaire (range; 0 = no cough -10 worst cough). <h3>Results</h3> A total of 61 patients (70% females) with mean age of 48.64 (range 20 - 78 years) were analysed. 34 patients were asthmatics and 26 patients had a chronic cough. 1 patient was excluded as they had vocal cord dysfunction. All patients had significant GOR confirmed by oesophageal manometry and pH reflux studies [mean DeMeester score of 46.6 (SD = 38.4, normal range &lt;14.72), hypotonic mean lower oesophageal sphincter pressure of 5.7 mmHg (SD 3.78, normal range = 12–25) and a mean% reflux time of 11.9 (SD 8.98, normal range &lt;4%)]. The baseline mean FEV<sub>1 </sub>in the asthma group was 2.08 (mean FEV1/FVC 0.72) compared to 2.61 (mean FEV1/FVC 0.81) in the cough group. There was significant improvement in reflux symptoms. In the asthma group, the mean AQLQ score improved from baseline (3.05, SD = 0.8) to 3 months post surgery (3.68, SD = 0.9)(p = 0.0235), and 12 months post surgery (3.5, SD = 1.2) which did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.1) [see Figure 1]. There was also marked improvement in the cough symptom score from baseline (7.0, SD = 2.3) to 3 months post surgery (2.8, SD = 3.1) (p = &lt;0.0001) [see Figure 1]. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients with evidence of severe GOR who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical management, anti-reflux surgery can improve cough and asthma related quality of life.
European drug agency extends review of safety of pioglitazone
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The European Medicines Agency will decide the fate of the type 2 diabetes treatment pioglitazone later in July, after the release of new data indicating that long term use is associated with a slightly raised risk of bladder cancer.

New warnings have been issued in the United States, while French authorities have suspended use of drugs containing pioglitazone, which is sold under brand names including Actos, Glustin, Competact, Glubrava, and Tandemact.

Marketed for more than a decade, pioglitazone had total sales last year of almost £3bn (€3.4bn; $4.8bn) and is an important earner for the Japanese company Takeda. A competitor drug, rosiglitazone (sold as Avandia), was withdrawn from the European market last year after evidence …
Graft-versus-host disease-associated angiomatosis: A clinicopathologically distinct entity
Authors: Benjamin H. Kaffenberger, Rena C. Zuo, Alejandro Gru, Alisha N. Plotner, Sarah A. Sweeney, Steven M. Devine, Sharon R. Hymes, Edward W. Cowen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Cost-Effectiveness of Culturing for Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Nettleman, Jones Rb, Roberts Sd, Katz Bp, Washington Ae, Dittus Rs, Quinn Ts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

We have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using cell culture to test for chlamydial infections in 9979 patients at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. From results of cultures, we have established prevalence data and, using decision-theory analysis, have calculated costs and probabilities of various outcomes. According to their histories and presenting signs and symptoms, patients were classified as at high or low risk for chlamydial infections. Empiric treatment of all patients attending the clinic was the most cost-effective strategy, followed by empiric treatment of high-risk women and culture-based treatment of low-risk women. Obtaining cultures for men at high and low risk was not cost-effective. If universal treatment is not provided, the most cost-effective strategy appears to be empiric therapy in patients at high risk for chlamydial infections and therapy based on diagnostic test results in women at low risk.
"MISLEADING METHYL CHLORIDE PUBLICITY"
Authors: Joseph C. Aub
Journal: JAMA (1931)

To the Editor:  —We have read your editorial, Misleading Methyl Chloride Publicity (The Journal, January 24, p. 272). Assuming that you present data to substantiate your criticisms it is, of course, your privilege to disagree with results that the Bureau of Mines may publish. However, technical criticism is a different matter from indulging in such outbursts as that in your concluding paragraph:   is unfortunate that a branch of the government, the Bureau of Mines, which has had such an enviable record in the past, has recently seemed to be swayed to serve more the interests of certain chemical manufacturers than to serve the interests of the public. It is laudable that the government should investigate general hazards to the public, but it is quite unfortunate that independent action may be threatened by considerations arising from the fact that research is carried on under 'cooperative agreements.'  For some years the
New Combination Therapy Approved for Hepatitis C Relapse
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ultrastructural findings in idiopathic recurrent cholestasis
Authors: D. Hopwood, A. E. Read, R. Williams
Journal: Gut (1972)

Needle liver biopsies of patients with idiopathic recurrent cholestasis were studied by light and electron microscopy. Many hepatocytes showed non-specific damage to their organelles. Crystalloids were found both in the cytoplasm and within mitochondria in one patient. The microscopic and clinical findings were interpreted as being in favour of primary hepatocyte injury.
DIAGNOSIS OF HYDROPS OF THE GALLBLADDER BY THE GRAHAM TEST
Authors: William Snow
Journal: JAMA (1928)

My purpose in this communication is to describe the observations with the aid of the Graham test which indicate the presence of hydrops of the gallbladder. In the course of an examination of the gallbladder by the oral administration of tetraiodophenolphthalein, I have been able to discover the presence of hydrops in thirty-six cases out of a series of 520 abnormal cases. The examination as carried out is similar to that of most roentgenologists. Three sets of films are obtained; the first before the dye, the second after the dye, and the third after the taking of a fatty meal. In my first observation of hydrops, I found, even before the dye was given, a large faintly visualized gallbladder which did not change in size, shape or density after the dye. It was only natural to presuppose that if the gallbladder did not change in appearance before and