tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postoperative left anterior hemiblock and right bundle branch block following repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Clinical and etiologic considerations.
Authors: C N Steeg, E Krongrad, F Davachi, F O Bowman, J R Malm, W M Gersony
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Previous reports have indicated an incidence of right bundle branch block (RBBB) and left anterior hemiblock (LAH) pattern varying from 8-22% following corrective surgery in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Among 207 patients with tetralogy of Fallot operated on at our institution, 8.7% developed an ECG pattern of RBBB and LAH. These patients were followed for 1-13 years (mean 6.2 years) for a total of 111 patient years. All patients are alive and none have had documented late atrioventricular dissociation, syncope, or other symptoms. Transient heart block was present in one patient in the immediate postoperative period but has not recurred. This group of patients differs significantly from other series in which such an ECG pattern was associated with a marked increase in morbidity and mortality. These data and the experimental evidence suggest that two distinct groups of patients exist: 1) a group in which this ECG pattern is secondary to lesions within the bundle of His and 2) a group in which the pattern is caused by lesions in the peripheral conduction system. It is postulated that these two groups which demonstrate the same ECG pattern may carry significantly different prognoses. Analysis of H-V intervals postoperatively may help identify patients at risk.
Arthur ("Red") Evans
Authors: G. Morrison
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former consultant in genitourinary medicine Plymouth (b 1917; q Middlesex Hospital 1940; MD, FRCP), died from cancer of the bladder on 6 April 2002.

Arthur Evans, who was always known as Red, developed his affection for genitourinary medicine while working for a naval hospital during the second world war. In 1946 he joined the colonial service and was sent to northern Rhodesia, where he ran a campaign to redress a fall in population arising from infertility. After a post in Nigeria as a specialist in dermatology and venereology, he worked at St Thomas's Hospital, University College Hospital, and in Aldershot and Guildford. He moved to Plymouth in 1966. After his retirement in 1980 he worked as a consultant for the navy until 1995. Predeceased by his wife, he leaves two sons.
Potential Epidemic of Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease from Human Growth Hormone Therapy
Authors: Paul Brown, D. Carleton Gajdusek, C.J. Gibbs, David M. Asher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

A DECADE after the demonstration that Creutzfeldt—Jakob disease could be accidentally transmitted from one person to another during brain or eye surgery,1 , 2 iatrogenic Creutzfeldt—Jakob disease has reappeared as a result of earlier therapy with human growth hormone, with the ominous possibility of a burgeoning epidemic.Within just a few months, three young adults in the United States have died from the disease, confirmed neuropathologically in two patients and clinically detected but unconfirmed in one3; an additional neuropathologically confirmed case has been identified in Great Britain.4 Salient data on these four cases are summarized in Table 1. (The details of both . . .
More New Terms
Authors: S. Solis Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> I want to thank Dr. Henry Freeman Walker for his communication inThe Journal, July 2, 1910, page 42, suggesting the word "viroid" as a generic term for the biologic specifics (toxins, bacterial cultures, bacterial products, lymph, serum, etc.) used in active immunization. I have adopted the word; and my own suggestions of "bacterin." "microbin" and "microbion" can now become specific names under the genus "viroid." I would also call attention to two other terms I am about to introduce, for which there seems to be much need:<i>pathogen</i>, meaning a material morbific agent of any kind, and<i>antipathogen</i>, meaning a pharmakon of any kind which acts against pathogens in general.
Elevated levels of exhaled nitric oxide in bronchiectasis.
Authors: S A Kharitonov, A U Wells, B J O'Connor, P J Cole, D M Hansell, R B Logan-Sinclair, P J Barnes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Bronchiectasis is characterized by chronic inflammation in one or more bronchi, but the extent of inflammation is difficult to monitor. The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air is increased in asthmatic patients, possibly as a result of the chronic inflammatory process. We have measured exhaled NO in patients with documented bronchiectasis and investigated whether the concentration of exhaled NO is related to the extent of disease as defined by computed tomography (CT) and lung function. In 20 patients with bronchiectasis who were not taking inhaled steroids, the peak concentration of NO in exhaled air, measured by a modified chemiluminescence analyzer, was significantly elevated (285 +/- 49.0 ppb) as compared with values for 79 normal subjects (89 +/- 2.7 ppb, p < 0.01) and 19 patients with bronchiectasis treated with inhaled steroids (88 +/- 13.4 ppb, p < 0.01). Thin-section CT was used to quantify the extent of bronchiectasis in the 19 patients. There was a significant correlation between the CT score and FEV1 (r = 0.73, p < 0.01). In patients not treated with inhaled steroids there was a significant relationship between CT score and peak exhaled NO (r = 0.81, n = 12, p < 0.02), but this was not the case for patients treated with regular inhaled steroids (n = 7). We conclude that untreated bronchiectasis is associated with an increase in exhaled NO, and that this is correlated with disease severity, whereas patients treated with inhaled steroids have levels of exhaled NO within the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PACLITAXEL ELUTING BALLOON AFTER BARE METAL STENT IN ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (THE PEBSI STUDY)
Authors: Arutro Garcia Touchard, Javier Goicolea, Manel Sabate, Fernando Alfonso, Rafael Ruiz-Salmeron, Armando Bethencourt, Nieves Gonzalo, Faustí Miranda, Bruno Garcia del Blanco, Jesus Jiménez Mazuecos, Rafael Melgares-Moreno, Pedro Martínez-Romero, Jose María Hernandez-García, Roman Lezaun, Juan Antonio Bullones, Javier Fernandez-Portales, José Rumoroso, Rosario Ortas, Mariano Valdes Chavarri, Ramiro Trillo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Government will not meet its health inequalities targets in England
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd, Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government has failed to reduce the gap in life expectancy between people living in the richest and the poorest areas of England, a Department of Health report has found.

The government’s third update of the Tackling Inequalities: A Programme for Action strategy of 2003, shows that overall health is improving, with increased life expectancy for all social groups and falls in infant mortality.

But life expectancy in the most deprived areas has increased by just 2.5 years for men and 1.5 years for women in the past decade. This means that the life expectancy of people living in poverty has fallen further below the national average.

Babies born to poor families …
Ronald Mark Davis
Authors: D. Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Life long crusader against smoking and founding editor of the journal Tobacco Control 

Medicine and public health in the United States are separate worlds, with different organisations, publications, and leaders. Ron Davis bridged that gap in a way that no other doctor has, bringing the population perspective of public health and preventive medicine to the house of medicine. Ron entered medical school at the University of Chicago after college at the University of Michigan, and here began a long connection with the American Medical Association (AMA). He was elected president of the medical student section, and even as the most junior trustee, Ron spoke up for health promotion and disease prevention, focusing especially on tobacco control and prevention.

After training in epidemiology and preventive medicine at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ron became the director of the organisation’s new office of smoking and health in 1987. Here he worked with the surgeon general, Charles Koop, to issue three important reports. Ron’s encyclopaedic knowledge of the science and history of advertising of tobacco, combined with his ready wit and humour, made him an effective public health advocate and a popular speaker at events—from scientific meetings to public forums …
Perceptions of Appropriateness of Care in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Christine Grady
Journal: JAMA (2012)

To the Editor: Moral distress is a common problem in today's health care environment. Dr Piers and colleagues1 shed light on this important ethical concept in their international study of ICU nurses and physicians. They showed that a perception of providing inappropriate care was associated with moral distress and intent to leave one's job. This study raises awareness of the impact of ethics in day-to-day clinical care and attention to the concerns of direct caregivers, but also raises a number of questions.

First, more than half of the study respondents reported an available ethics consultant (56.8%) or psychologist/psychosocial worker within the hospital. It is not clear what role these individuals played and if clinicians felt comfortable accessing them, especially in cases of perceived inappropriate care. Some evidence suggests that clinicians fear retaliation for speaking out on ethical issues, and in some cases, this and other concerns may deter the use of ethics consultations or other ethics-related services.2,3

Second, as the authors indicated, “nurses spend considerable time at the bedside” yet 26.8% of nurses rarely or never had regular meetings with patients about end-of-life care and 31.7% were rarely or never present during communication of end-of-life information. This is troubling; it possibly reflects a need for ethics education and broader interdisciplinary dialogue to support vital bedside discussions.

In addition, response rates are integral to survey research and reflect the overall accuracy of the data. The authors had a 100% response rate among physicians. A perfect response rate is unusual and raises uncertainties about how the response rate was actually calculated.
Dose-dense cisplatin-based chemotherapy and surgery for children with high-risk hepatoblastoma (SIOPEL-4): a prospective, single-arm, feasibility study
Authors: József Zsiros, Laurence Brugieres, Penelope Brock, Derek Roebuck, Rudolf Maibach, Arthur Zimmermann, Margaret Childs, Daniele Pariente, Veronique Laithier, Jean-Bernard Otte, Sophie Branchereau, Daniel Aronson, Arun Rangaswami, Milind Ronghe, Michela Casanova, Michael Sullivan, Bruce Morland, Piotr Czauderna, Giorgio Perilongo
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
Bacterial Shock
Authors: Herbert Shubin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The shock state which occurs as a complication of bacteremia due to gram-negative bacteria is a problem encountered in urological practice. The seriousness of the problem is reflected by the 82% mortality noted in the series herein reported. This type of shock is frequently precipitated by urological instrumentation and manipulation. The clinical features are sufficiently distinctive to permit early diagnosis. Prompt treatment, including appropriate antibiotics, pharmacological amounts of corticosteroid, and judicious use of vasopressor agent, favors survival.
The South Inflamed! The Case of Henry Wirz
Authors: Warner D. Farr
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Although I have recently resigned myself to an open season on the Confederacy following the biased public broadcasting series "The Civil War," I take exception to the comments made by Skolnick<sup>1</sup>in his article. The linking of Major (erroneously called Captain) Henry Wirz, MD, with the "German war criminals" is inappropriate and uncalled for. These historical facts were ignored: (1) Major Wirz, although a German-trained physician, was a Confederate line infantry officer, not a medical corps officer<sup>2</sup>; (2) the death rate at Andersonville, Ga, was no worse, and by some accounts better,<sup>3</sup>than that at comparable Union prisoner of war (POW) camps; (3) General Grant's decision to cancel the long-standing prisoner exchanges directly caused the overcrowded conditions; (4) the Yankee blockade and General Sherman's scorched earth policies on his march to the sea caused the decreased food supply, which prisoners and guards shared
Don't just swallow, check the evidence first
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Some of you will have seen an advertisement on bmj.com in recent weeks from Hydration for Health. It’s a campaign, sponsored by the producers of Volvic, Evian, and Badoit bottled waters, to get us all to drink more water. What’s this doing in a medical journal? The campaign website explains that encouraging “healthy hydration” should be part of routine patient counselling because “evidence is increasing that even mild dehydration plays a role in the development of various diseases.”

But what and where is this evidence? Alerted to the ads by general practitioner and BMJ columnist Margaret McCartney, we discovered that we hadn’t …
Diffuse Interstitial Lung Fibrosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: J. VACHTENHEIM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

ExcerptTo the editor: We have read with interest the recent paper by Eisenberg and associates (Ann Intern Med 79:37-45, 1973) that described patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease and systemic lupus erythematosus, including detailed histological findings on four. The place of this lung lesion in lupus erythematosus is not yet well known, and we wish to report our experience for English-language readers.In the years 1964, 1966, and 1967 we described in Czechoslovakian journals our findings of diffuse interstitial lung fibrosis in a study of pleuropulmonary changes in lupus erythematosus (1-3). Among 21 patients with pleuropulmonary manifestations, two women had...
Segmental Stenosis of Saphenous-Vein Autografts
Authors: J. Judson McNamara, R. Clement Darling, Robert R. Linton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

SAPHENOUS-vein femoral popliteal bypass autograft has been demonstrated clinically to be an effective long-term vascular reconstructive procedure in many patients with arteriosclerotic occlusion of the femoral artery in the thigh. Late failures are ascribable to a number of different factors, many of which are not now preventable.During the past year we have observed several patients in whom a segmental stenosis of a portion of the graft endangered the functional integrity of the entire reconstruction. It is impossible to estimate how frequently such segmental stenosis results in late occlusion as compared with generalized progression of proximal or distal disease. However, . . .
Aggravation or Initiation of Megaloblastosis by Amino Acids in the Diet
Authors: Samuel Waxman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Megaloblastosis is characterized morphologically by delayed nuclear maturation<sup>1</sup>and biochemically by defective DNA synthesis.<sup>2</sup>The megaloblast has a "young" nucleus apparently due to a reduction in the ability to double the amount of nuclear DNA (DNA synthesis phase) in order for the cell to divide. The lesion in DNA synthesis usually results from deficiency of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>or folic acid or both. One pathway affected is concerned with the de novo synthesis of DNA thymine from deoxyuridylate (dUMP) (Fig 1).<sup>2,3</sup>This involves the methylation of dUMP to thymidylate (dTMP) and requires 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolic acid, one of the reduced coenzymes of folate.<sup>4,5</sup>In this pathway (Fig 1) there is interaction of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, folic acid, and pyridoxine, each of which may correct megaloblastic anemia. Since the dietary amino acids methionine, homocysteine, serine, and glycine are involved in production of DNA thymine, derangements in the availability of
NEBIVOLOL IN PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: MEHMET KAYA, OZGUR GUNEBAKMAZ, METIN OZKAN, HASAN AKKAYA, NIHAT KALAY, ESMA G. KAYA, ALI DOGAN, TUGRUL INANC, MUSTAFA DIKILITAS, IBRAHIM OZDOGRU
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Duluth Takes Firm Stance Against Domestic Violence; Mandates Abuser Arrest, Education
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1991)

DOMESTIC ABUSE, on a fundamental level, is about power and control. It is this dynamic of abuse, the power of an abuser over his victim, that has, in many ways, frustrated society's attempts to deal justly with perpetrators of domestic violence. In emergency departments, for example, battered women avoid revealing the cause of their injuries because they fear more abuse if they tell. At the scenes of domestic assaults, victims often beg police officers not to arrest their batterer. In the courts, battered women demand that charges against their abusive partner be dropped. His power over her, her fear of reprisal, protects him from the courts. She knows that by seeking help, she places herself in even greater danger. In 1981, the city of Duluth, Minn, agreed to be a testing ground for the emerging theory that acts of violence against women seeking help from the system could be reduced
Application of Appropriateness Criteria to Stress Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Sestamibi Studies and Stress Echocardiograms in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Raymond J. Gibbons, Todd D. Miller, David Hodge, Lynn Urban, Philip A. Araoz, Patricia Pellikka, Robert B. McCully
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Research on the Fetus
Authors: J. Michael Bestler
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The COMMENTARY by Drs. Dykes and Czapek on abortus research (229:1303, 1974) encapsulates the diverse but mortal wounds from which contemporary ethical medicine is dying. I assume that the lawsuit brought against the Boston investigators would be to the point that they had performed research on dead fetuses without consent of the mothers. If you can experiment on a dead fetus without permission of the parent, then you could perhaps experiment on a live fetus with the permission of the mother. You know where this sort of thing ends. It must lead inevitably to comparisons with German concentration camps, and research on designates for death. But, of course, we would never be in this if physician researchers saw themselves as healers, and human life as a sacred trust. Drs. Dykes and Czapek are riding in hot pursuit of the perpetual foes of free thought and scientific advancement.
Sick Stethoscopes Modified and Debugged
Authors: Flavio Ciferri
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter by Drs Orton and Stryker<sup>1</sup>reveals a sickness that goes beyond the stethoscope to involve our daily work, ie, the failure to perform an adequate physical examination in the proper sequential order (inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation). You will notice that the examiner first performed pulmonary auscultation (I am sure he did not mean cardiac auscultation as written) and based on erroneous information provided by the faulty stethoscope immediately ordered a chest roentgenogram. Only when the laboratory data did not match the auscultatory findings was a more complete examination conducted, revealing costochondral tenderness (palpation), equal resonance (percussion), and bilateral breath sounds (auscultation). Had all this been done initially, it is likely that there would have been no confusion, even with a faulty stethoscope. It is regrettable that the good habit of an orderly physical examination is becoming increasingly rare in this age of hasty
Recruitment of lymphocytes during cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in nonhuman primates is dependent on E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.
Authors: A Silber, W Newman, V G Sasseville, D Pauley, D Beall, D G Walsh, D J Ringler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Previous investigations of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity (DHR) in humans and animals have demonstrated that lymphocyte recruitment from blood is temporally and spatially associated with the de novo, asynchronous expression of both vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin on dermal endothelium. In this study, DHR was induced in rhesus monkeys sensitized against tuberculin in order to investigate the contribution of E-selectin and VCAM-1 in lymphocyte recruitment to skin. Intravenous infusions of neutralizing doses of F(ab')2 fragments of murine antibodies to either E-selectin or VCAM-1 during the early inductive phases of DHR showed that murine IgG localized to dermal endothelium at the site of DHR in a pattern kinetically similar to the expression of each endothelial adhesion protein. Most importantly, the relative numbers of lymphocytes localized to the inflammatory site were significantly reduced in DHR modified with infusions of antibodies to either VCAM-1 or E-selectin, while the numbers of lymphocytes recruited to skin in the animal given F(ab')2 fragments of an irrelevant murine monoclonal antibody of the same isotype and at the same dose were not changed. Moreover, in individual animals, the relative inhibition achieved with a particular antibody was proportional to the magnitude of expression of the targeted adhesion protein. Therefore, both VCAM-1 and E-selectin are functionally relevant in the genesis of cutaneous DHR, and each appears to contribute to lymphocyte recruitment in relation to its relative degree of expression in any one particular animal.
Stepwise radical endoscopic resection for Barrett’s esophagus with early neoplasia: report on a Brussels’ cohort
Authors: R. Pouw, F. Peters, C. Sempoux, H. Piessevaux, P. Deprez
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de R. E. Pouw et al., pp. 892Endoscopy 2008; 40(11): 1057-1057DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306884
Defining asthma in epidemiological studies
Authors: J. Pekkanen, N. Pearce
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

It has been suggested that, in epidemiological studies, asthma should be defined as symptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). This paper critically examines the validity of this and alternative methods of defining asthma by reviewing population-based studies validating BHR and symptom questionnaires against asthma defined on the basis of a clinical assessment. It is emphasized that a single definition of asthma will not be applicable to all studies. When the aim of a study is to compare differences in prevalence of asthma between populations, Youden9s Index (sensitivity + specificity - 1) is the best single measure of validity. BHR has similar or better specificity, but much worse sensitivity, and therefore a worse Youden9s Index, than symptom questionnaires. When the aim is to estimate relative risks, the validity of the definition of asthma depends more on its positive predictive value. Therefore, more specific methods of detecting asthmatics, such as severe symptoms, diagnoses of asthma, or symptomatic BHR may be most useful in cohort and case-control studies. In contrast, conversely, the method of choice for the first phase of prevalence comparisons is standardized written or video symptom questionnaires. In order to explore reasons for the differences in asthma prevalence, and to estimate possible differential symptom reporting, questionnaires can be supplemented with bronchial hyperresponsiveness and other testing in subsamples of the symptomatic and nonsymptomatic subjects. However, symptoms and bronchial hyperresponsiveness should usually be analysed separately rather than combined due to the poor agreement between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and clinical asthma.