tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical aspects and techniques of lung volume reduction surgery for severe emphysema
Authors: W. Klepetko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has become an accepted procedure for palliative treatment of diffuse, nonbullous emphysema. Single or multiple peripheral segmental wedge resections of the most destroyed areas of the lungs are performed with the use of stapling devices, in order to decrease hyperinflation and restore diaphragmatic function. Median sternotomy, videoendoscopy or anterior muscle sparing thoracotomies have been used as surgical approaches. The functional improvement after bilateral resections exceed those after a unilateral approach. LVRS has demonstrated its potential as an alternative to transplantation, and with growing experience, the indications for the procedure have been widened. In selected patients with peripheral lung cancer who have been considered unsuitable for a surgical resection, the combination of both tumour resection and LVRS has successfully been performed. In contrast to LVRS, laser surgery of the emphysematous lung has been abandoned in most institutions.
Abstract 2406: Increased efficacy of combination of IL-13 receptor-targeted cytotoxin and DNA vaccine in murine tumor models
Authors: Hideyuki Nakashima, Syed R. Husain, Raj K. Puri
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recent studies show that interleukin-13 receptor α2 chain (IL-13Rα2) is a tumor-associated antigen that is a promising potential target for immunotherapy. High levels of IL-13Rα2 are expressed on a variety of human tumors, but its precise role in tumor immunology is not known. IL13-PE, a targeted cytotoxin composed of IL-13 fused to mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin, induces specific killing of tumor cells expressing abundant levels of IL-13Rα2. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of IL13-PE in combination with DNA vaccination in murine MCA304 sarcoma and 4T1 breast carcinoma, which naturally over-express IL-13Rα2 antigen. Three intramuscular prophylactic IL-13Rα2 DNA immunizations in syngeneic mice (n=6) on −8, −4, and −2 weeks resulted in partial protection (382 mm3) against subcutaneous MCA304 tumor challenge compared to mock vector vaccine (1498 mm3) on day 21. Three additional intratumoral (i.t.) treatments of IL13-PE on day 4, 6 and 8 post-tumor challenge further decreased tumor burden (85 mm3) by 78%, measured on the same day (day 21) compared to DNA vaccination alone. In an established MCA304 tumor model, mice receiving three i.t. injections of IL13-PE (on day 7, 9, and 11) and four subsequent DNA vaccinations (on day 13, 18, 23 and 28) reduced tumor size to 44 mm3 (94% less) compared to DNA vaccination alone (693 mm3) on day 24. For comparison, the untreated control tumors had a size of 1579 mm3 on day 24. Interestingly, the combination therapy with IL13-PE and DNA vaccination produced 50% complete responders; however, tumors in remaining 50% partial responders grew slowly. Combination therapy prolonged the mean survival to 60 days compared to control (24 days) and DNA only vaccinated groups (36 days). Similar results were also observed in the 4T1 murine breast carcinoma model. Combination therapy group showed higher CTL activity and IFN-γ release from splenocytes compared to the single therapy groups in both tumor models. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the infiltration of CD4 and CD8 positive T cells and expression of IFN-γ-induced chemokines (CXCL9 and CXCL10) in tumor tissues of immunized mice. These results suggest that combination therapy with IL13-PE and IL-13Rα2 DNA vaccination inhibited tumor growth in a T cell dependent manner. In addition to the combination therapy strategy, elimination of immunosuppressive elements such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells may further enhance tumor immunity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2406.
XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM..
Authors: H. EL-HEFNAWI, M. EL-NABAWI, M. F. S. EL-HAWARY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM.: II: Electrophoretic Studies of Serum Proteins. Get access H. EL‐HEFNAWI, M.D., Ch.B., D.V.D., H. EL‐HEFNAWI, M.D., Ch.B., D.V.D. Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Cairo University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. EL‐NABAWI, M.D., Ch.B., D.C.H., M. EL‐NABAWI, M.D., Ch.B., D.C.H. Assistant Professor Paediatrics, Cairo University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. F. S. EL‐HAWARY, Ph.D., B.Sc. M. F. S. EL‐HAWARY, Ph.D., B.Sc. Research Department, Serum and Vaccine Institute, Agouza, Cairo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 6, 1 June 1962, Pages 214–217, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb13493.x Published: 01 June 1962
Physiologic Principles of Surgery
Authors: Samuel P. Harbison
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The second edition of this volume, originally published in 1957, includes a new chapter on oncology, and various revisions of the original chapters which the incredibly rapid accumulation of knowledge has necessitated. To bring together into one volume what is known of physiology applied to surgical practice is a prodigious task, and one that really requires a multitude of authors. The resulting authoritativeness of each chapter more than balances the changing literary styles and different approaches of the individual writers. Several of the chapters are noteworthy for brevity and clarity: "Infections and Antibiotics," "Hemorrhage and Shock," "The Adrenal Glands." Others make good reading because of uniqueness of presentation, eg, "Significance of Plasma Proteins in Surgical Practice." The inclusion of oncology is desirable and I hope it will remain in future editions. Anesthesia and pain deserve the space allotted to them, for they are very properly in the surgeon's domain. The
Proteasome function is required for platelet production
Authors: Dallas S. Shi, Matthew C.P. Smith, Robert A. Campbell, Patrick W. Zimmerman, Zechariah B. Franks, Bjorn F. Kraemer, Kellie R. Machlus, Jing Ling, Patrick Kamba, Hansjörg Schwertz, Jesse W. Rowley, Rodney R. Miles, Zhi-Jian Liu, Martha Sola-Visner, Joseph E. Italiano, Hilary Christensen, Walter H.A. Kahr, Dean Y. Li, Andrew S. Weyrich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The proteasome inhibiter bortezomib has been successfully used to treat patients with relapsed multiple myeloma; however, many of these patients become thrombocytopenic, and it is not clear how the proteasome influences platelet production. Here we determined that pharmacologic inhibition of proteasome activity blocks proplatelet formation in human and mouse megakaryocytes. We also found that megakaryocytes isolated from mice deficient for PSMC1, an essential subunit of the 26S proteasome, fail to produce proplatelets. Consistent with decreased proplatelet formation, mice lacking PSMC1 in platelets (Psmc1(fl/fl) Pf4-Cre mice) exhibited severe thrombocytopenia and died shortly after birth. The failure to produce proplatelets in proteasome-inhibited megakaryocytes was due to upregulation and hyperactivation of the small GTPase, RhoA, rather than NF-κB, as has been previously suggested. Inhibition of RhoA or its downstream target, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), restored megakaryocyte proplatelet formation in the setting of proteasome inhibition in vitro. Similarly, fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor used clinically to treat cerebral vasospasm, restored platelet counts in adult mice that were made thrombocytopenic by tamoxifen-induced suppression of proteasome activity in megakaryocytes and platelets (Psmc1(fl/fl) Pdgf-Cre-ER mice). These results indicate that proteasome function is critical for thrombopoiesis, and suggest inhibition of RhoA signaling as a potential strategy to treat thrombocytopenia in bortezomib-treated multiple myeloma patients.
Lymphoscintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Lymphatic Leak After Surgical Repair of Femoral Artery Injury
Authors: TIMOTHY R. JONES, MARIE R. CARLISLE, LAWRENCE V. HOFMANN, H. WILLIAM STRAUSS, CORNELIUS OLCOTT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Purpose Technetium-99m–labeled sulfur colloid lymphoscintigraphy is useful to evaluate lower extremity lymphatic circulation in cases of possible lymphedema and to reveal abnormal lymphatic collections. Groin lymphatic fistulas and lymphoceles are known complications of peripheral vascular surgical procedures. The authors describe a patient with ascites that developed into right lower extremity swelling after surgical repair of a femoral artery injury. Even after surgical ligation of multiple lymphatic channels, the patient continued to have lymphorrhea. It was unclear whether this was attributable to a persistent lymphatic leak or an ascitic leak from a postsurgical defect resulting in an abnormal connection with the peritoneal cavity. Methods Lymphoscintigraphy of the lower extremities was performed using Tc-99m sulfur colloid. Images were obtained at several intervals after injection of the radiotracer. Images were also acquired after the wound packing was removed. Results The images revealed an accumulation of radiotracer in the right groin, confirming the lower extremity lymphatic origin of the collection. Conclusions Lymphoscintigraphy is useful to evaluate the origin of serous collections in the groin, a region in which lymphatic complications of vascular surgery are not uncommon.
Recruiting Health Care Personnel to Rural Areas in Developing Countries
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The GMC: expediency before principle
Authors: Alexander W Macara
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Inexplicable omissions in Smith's intemperate editorial on the GMC prompt me to break an unhappy silence.1

Late in 1994 the British Medical Association organised a core values conference for the whole profession (BMA, royal colleges, deans, GMC). It addressed the challenges facing the profession as outlined by an eminent lay member of the GMC, which, led by its then president, Lord Kilpatrick, had already formulated performance review procedures and called for action by us all.

During the following turbulent years—and intensively during 1997 and early 1998—discussions in each part of the profession culminated in a historic commitment, “self-regulation and clinical governance at local and national levels,” co-signed by the chairmen of all the leading medical organisations, which was sent to the Secretary of State for Health, Frank Dobson, and others on 2 July 1998. In a covering letter Sir Norman Browse, chairman of the Joint Consultants Committee, on behalf of the whole profession, expressed the belief that the document complemented the government's contemporaneous clinical governance proposals and that they would “together solve problems at an early stage and at local level.” The italics are mine to emphasise that the profession's united commitment was to deliver accountability through acting proactively at the earliest possible stage in identifying any problem with a colleague through its various mechanisms. The culture change to which the whole profession thereby committed itself was early prevention at source, rather than leaving problems to the GMC to resolve when it was too late.

What happened to this initiative? I believe that, had it been vigorously pursued, much if not all the trauma of the past six years could have been avoided. What I do know is that within days of its release a number of the co-signatories, myself included, had demitted office and Sir Donald Irvine, as president of the GMC, had produced his revalidation proposals. It is difficult to resist concluding that shifting the focus to these proposals (now seen to be flawed) distracted the profession as a whole from the more promising combined operation on which it had embarked.
Roundsmanship '91-'92: A Year Book Guide to Clinical Medicine
Authors: Mahendr S. Kochar
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This paperback book contains a concise summary of approximately 700 articles published in 1989 along with brief comments by the editors of each of the five sections: internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and surgery. It also contains approximately 75 clinical pearls that, according to the editor-in-chief, range from classic wisdom passed on by the oral tradition ages ago to the latest knowledge in the ever changing world of medicine. The book purports to provide a road map through the medical literature and a quick way to prepare for rounds.  Although the editors claim to have selected critical articles from the 20 000 medical journals, almost all the articles abstracted in the book are from the five or six most commonly read journals in each of the five specialties. As stated by the editor of the surgery section, the selections reflect the editors' interests and biases. Many of the
Biliary copper excretion in the neonatal rat: Role of glutathione and metallothionein
Authors: Parvathi Mohan, Mark Failla, Ian Bremner, Ann Arthur-Smith, Benny Kerzner
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Metallothionein (MT) and glutathione (GSH) have been implicated as two major copper-binding agents involved in the hepatobiliary copper metabolism in the adult rat. This study was designed to explore their potential role in facilitating copper export from the copper-laden hepatocyte of the newborn rat. Biliary and hepatic copper, GSH, and immunoreactive MT-I concentrations were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 weeks of age. Bile was collected by duct cannulation for 90 minutes before the rats were killed. Liver was removed, weighed, and freeze-dried. The bile flow rate (BFR) doubled and the liver weight increased 14-fold during maturation. Hepatic and biliary copper and MT-I concentrations were significantly higher in the suckling than in the weanling. The total biliary output of copper per 24 hours was low at 1 week and increased significantly by 8 weeks of age. MT-I-bound copper represented a maximum of only 3.4% of biliary copper at 1 week and 0.5% at 8 weeks. GSH was not detected in bile until 2 weeks and then increased 15-fold by 8 weeks, while hepatic GSH levels remained unchanged. Therefore, GSH levels did not correlate with the high biliary copper concentration at week 1, although there was a close correlation between the total daily biliary excretion of copper and GSH at 2 weeks and beyond. We conclude that the net biliary copper excretion per day is relatively low in the first week of life and is independent of MT and GSH secretion. It increases significantly once GSH is available in bile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Evolution of the Thyroid Hormone Distributor Protein Transthyretin in the Order Insectivora, Class Mammalia
Authors: Porntip Prapunpoj, Samantha J. Richardson, Luca Fumagalli, Gerhard Schreiber
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of growth and metabolism in all vertebrates. Transthyretin is one of the extracellular proteins with high affinity for thyroid hormones which determine the partitioning of these hormones between extracellular compartments and intracellular lipids. During vertebrate evolution, both the tissue pattern of expression and the structure of the gene for transthyretin underwent characteristic changes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the position of Insectivora in the evolution of transthyretin in eutherians, a subclass of Mammalia. Transthyretin was identified by thyroxine binding and Western analysis in the blood of adult shrews, hedgehogs, and moles. Transthyretin is synthesized in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream, similar to the situation for other adult eutherians, birds, and diprotodont marsupials, but different from that for adult fish, amphibians, reptiles, monotremes, and Australian polyprotodont marsupials. For the characterization of the structure of the gene and the processing of mRNA for transthyretin, cDNA libraries were prepared from RNA from hedgehog and shrew livers, and full-length cDNA clones were isolated and sequenced. Sections of genomic DNA in the regions coding for the splice sites between exons 1 and 2 were synthesized by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The location of splicing was deduced from comparison of genomic with cDNA nucleotide sequences. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of the transthyretin gene during evolution are most pronounced in the region coding for the N-terminal region of the protein. Both the derived overall amino sequences and the N-terminal regions of the transthyretins in Insectivora were found to be very similar to those in other eutherians but differed from those found in marsupials, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Also, the pattern of transthyretin precursor mRNA splicing in Insectivora was more similar to that in other eutherians than to that in marsupials, reptiles, and birds. Thus, in contrast to the marsupials, with a different pattern of transthyretin gene expression in the evolutionarily "older" polyprotodonts compared with the evolutionarily "younger" diprotodonts, no separate lineages of transthyretin evolution could be identified in eutherians. We conclude that transthyretin gene expression in the liver of adult eutherians probably appeared before the branching of the lineages leading to modern eutherian species.
Why exercise in paraplegia?
Authors: Michael Kjaer
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Spinal cord injury leads to two dramatic changes: not only is there loss of muscle function and a large amount of muscle, but also susceptibility to inactivity related diseases, such as obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and coronary heart disease, increases.1 Previously, one of the major problems and causes of death for people with spinal cord injuries was infection, but recently, coronary heart disease has become more prominent. The possibilities for exercise in people with spinal cord injuries are limited to either performing voluntary exercise with non-paralysed muscle groups—for example, arm exercises, especially in the paraplegic—or subjecting themselves to electrically induced exercise through stimulation of motor nerves either with surface electrodes or after implantation of electrodes.

Whereas voluntary arm exercise can provide a …
Coherent Phasic Excitation during Hippocampal Ripples
Authors: Nikolaus Maier, Álvaro Tejero-Cantero, Anja L. Dorrn, Jochen Winterer, Prateep S. Beed, Genela Morris, Richard Kempter, James F.A. Poulet, Christian Leibold, Dietmar Schmitz
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Clinical Applications of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor
Authors: GEORGE P. CHROUSOS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Ovine and human corticotropin-releasing factors (CRF) have similar potencies in causing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol secretion in normal humans. Using long-acting ovine CRF (1 µg/kg body weight as an intravenous bolus), we tested patients with Cushing's syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, and psychiatric conditions with mild hypercortisolism. Over 95% of hypercortisolemic patients with a pituitary adenoma responded with increases in plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations; patients with the ectopic ACTH syndrome had no ACTH or cortisol responses; patients with ACTH-independent hypercortisolism of adrenal origin had low or undetectable plasma ACTH concentrations before and after CRF without any cortisol response. The differences in responses of patients with adrenal insufficiency of primary, pituitary, or suprapituitary type likewise suggest value of the CFR test in their differential diagnosis. The responses in the psychiatric patients should permit differentiation between Cushing's syndrome and hypercortisolism of psychiatric origin.
Near-Drowning From Ding-String Surfboarding: A Case Report
Authors: Clarence E. McDanal
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Serious injuries including toe amputation, lacerations, and blunt trauma have been reported with the use of a surfboard leash or "ding-string" in surfboarding.<sup>1</sup>We would like to report the following case of a patient who had severe near-drowning while surfboarding with a ding-string. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> The patient was an 18-year-old experienced male surfer who suffered a concussive head injury and near-drowning in ocean water while surfboarding, surfboard leash attached, at Sandy Beach on Oahu. According to Oahu Emergency Medical Services protocol, he was rescued (in an unconscious state) from the ocean by first-responder trained lifeguards. He was resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation on the beach by trained Mobile Intensive Care Technician (MICT) ambulance paramedics using endotracheal intubation, electrical defibrillation, intracardiac epinephrine, intravenous sodium bicarbonate, thorough airway suctioning, and 100% oxygen delivered by positive pressure valve to the endotracheal tube. He was transported by the MICTs
CEREBRAL BIRTH CONDITIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE FACTOR OF HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Clarence A. Patten, Bernard J. Alpers
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1933)

It has been maintained in a previous work that many of the cerebral birth conditions are primarily due to failure of development of the brain, particularly in the realm of myelinization. Further evidence of this is brought out in a study of 30 infant brains, both premature and term. Here were found punctate and large hemorrhages in the subependymal region involving the matrix area, causing destruction of and interference with spongioblasts which would eventually be concerned in the deposit of myelin by virtue of their development into oliogodendroglia. The factor of subarachnoid hemorrhage as a cause of these cerebral conditions is discounted as compared with the more vital hemorrhage in the subependymal region. The cause of these hemorrhages is not clear
TREATMENT OF "PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA OF PREGNANCY" AND "TROPICAL ANAEMIA"
Authors: L. Wills
Journal: BMJ (1931)

TMEDICAL JOURNAL 59 pregnant, and complained of breathlessness on exertion, such as walking upstairs, during the previous four weeks.She had unmistakable mitral stenosis, with a few extrasystoles, but no fibrillation-the pulse 120 and of indifferent volume and tension-no oedema, and no liver enlargement.She responded satisfactorily to treatment, which included complete rest, light diet, aperients, 10 minim doses of tinct.digitalis, sometimes comrrbined with 5 grains of sodium bromide, and was allowed, after six weeks in hospital, to return home with strict injunctions as to rest and suitable regimen.She returned to hospital in her thirty-fourth week.The * A full report of this work, and of the experimiiental work {lone in conniex.ionwith it, wvill appear in the Itdian Journial of MedicalResearch.