tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the carcinogenicity of a second group of organic chemicals undergoing carcinogenicity testing.
Authors: Y P Zhang, N Sussman, O T Macina, H S Rosenkranz, G Klopman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Twenty-four organic compounds currently undergoing testing within cancer bioassays under the aegis of the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) were submitted to the computer automated structure evaluation (CASE) and multiple computer automated structure evaluation (MULTICASE) system for predictions of activity. Individual predictions resulting from the NTP combined rodent, NTP mouse, Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) combined rodent, and CPDB mouse databases were combined using Bayes' theorem to yield an overall probability of rodent carcinogenicity. Based upon an arbitrary probability cut-off of 0.50, nine compounds were predicted to be rodent carcinogens. The predicted carcinogens are chloroprene, 1-chloro-2-propanol, codeine, emodin, furfuryl alcohol, isobutyraldehyde, primaclone, sodium xylenesulfonate, and t-butylhydroquinone.
Pure Red-Cell Aplasia
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Sanford B. Krantz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

PURE red-cell aplasia is a condition in which human beings suddenly stop producing red cells.1 , 2 Their blood contains virtually no reticulocytes, and their bone marrow has almost no erythroblasts. However, they continue to make normal numbers of white cells and platelets, and their marrow has a normal cellularity. This disease is distinct from aplastic anemia, in which the marrow is depleted of all hematopoietic cells.3 Approximately half the patients with pure red-cell aplasia have thymomas.1 , 4 , 5 Because 25 to 30 per cent experience remission of the anemia when the thymomas are removed, it has been suggested that the disease is caused . . .
Influenza immunization during pregnancy reduced influenza in infants and respiratory illness in mothers
Authors: Bruno P. Granwehr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club17 February 2009Influenza immunization during pregnancy reduced influenza in infants and respiratory illness in mothersBruno P. Granwehr, MD, MSBruno P. Granwehr, MD, MSUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (B.P.G.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-4-200902170-02005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationZaman K, Roy E, Arifeen SE, et al. Effectiveness of maternal influenza immunization in mothers and infants. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1555-64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18799552Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Allerg & Immunol: Infectious Disease: Pulmonology: References1 Healy CM, Baker CJ. Maternal immunization. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26:945-8. [PMID: 17901801] Google Scholar2 Fiore AE, Shay DK, Broder K, et al. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2008. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2008;57:1-60. [PMID: 18685555] Google Scholar3 France EK, Smith-Ray R, McClure D, et al. Impact of maternal influenza vaccination during pregnancy on the incidence of acute respiratory illness visits among infants. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:1277-83. [PMID: 17146026] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Bruno P. Granwehr, MD, MSAffiliations: University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (B.P.G.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 February 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 February 2009Volume 150, Issue 4Page: JC2-5KeywordsDiarrheaFeversInfantsIntent to treat analysisPolysaccharidesPregnancyPrevention, policy, and public healthPulmonary diseasesSafetyVaccines ePublished: 17 February 2009 Issue Published: 17 February 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Vascular defect beyond the endothelium in type II diabetic patients with overt nephropathy and moderate renal insufficiency
Authors: W.B. Chan, N.N. Chan, C.W.K. Lai, W.Y. So, M.K.W. Lo, K.F. Lee, C.C. Chow, C. Metreweli, J.C.N. Chan
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Assessing for Abuse During Pregnancy
Authors: Judith McFarlane
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the occurrence, frequency, and severity of physical abuse during pregnancy and associated initiation of prenatal care. <h3>Design.</h3> —Stratified, prospective cohort analysis. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Public prenatal clinics in Houston, Tex, and Baltimore, Md. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Total population-based sample of 691 black, Hispanic, and white pregnant women. All of the women were urban residents and most of the Hispanic women were Mexican American. All participants were invited into the study at the first prenatal visit and were followed up until delivery. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Identification of abuse status. <h3>Results.</h3> —A three-question Abuse Assessment Screen detected a 17% (1/6) prevalence of physical or sexual abuse during pregnancy, which is more than double all previous published reports. When evaluated against nationally tested research instruments, the three-question screen that was asked at the first prenatal visit was sensitive and specific to abuse status. Abuse was recurrent, with 60% of abused women reporting two or more episodes of assault. Location of abuse focused on the head. Frequency and severity of abuse and potential danger of homicide was appreciably worse for white women. Abused women were twice as likely as nonabused women to begin prenatal care during the third trimester. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A simple clinical assessment screen completed by the health care provider in a private setting and with the male partner absent is as effective as research instruments in identifying abused women. Straightforward, routine clinical assessment is recommended as essential in preventing potential trauma, interrupting existing abuse, and protecting health. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:3176-3178)
Systemic Sarcoidosis With Unique Vulvar Involvement
Authors: Stacey Watkins, Aimen Ismail, Kristopher McKay, Kathleen Beckum, Vlada Groysman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Sarcoidosis is a complex, multisystem disease with an unclear cause.1 Research suggests that the pathogenetic mechanism of sarcoidosis is dysregulation of the immune system in individuals with a genetic predisposition who are subsequently exposed to inciting environmental agents.2
A Novel Ring-Substituted Diindolylmethane,1,1-Bis[3′-(5-Methoxyindolyl)]-1-(<i>p-t</i>-Butylphenyl) Methane, Inhibits Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation and Induces Apoptosis in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Rooha Contractor, Ismael J. Samudio, Zeev Estrov, David Harris, James A. McCubrey, Stephen H. Safe, Michael Andreeff, Marina Konopleva
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract We investigated the antileukemic activity and molecular mechanisms of action of a newly synthesized ring-substituted diindolylmethane derivative, 1,1-bis[3′-(5-methoxyindolyl)]-1-(p-t-butylphenyl) methane (DIM #34), in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells. DIM #34 inhibited AML cell growth via the induction of apoptosis and abrogated clonogenic growth of primary AML samples. Exposure to DIM #34 induced loss of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, and caspase activation. Bcl-2–overexpressing, Bax knockout, and caspase-9–deficient cells were partially resistant to cell death, suggesting the involvement of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, DIM #34 transiently inhibited the phosphorylation and activity of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and abrogated Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Because other methylene-substituted diindolylmethane analogues have been shown to transactivate the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), we studied the role of PPARγ in apoptosis induction. Cotreatment of cells with a selective PPARγ antagonist or with retinoid X receptor and retinoic acid receptor ligands partially modulated apoptosis when combined with DIM #34, suggesting PPARγ receptor-dependent and receptor-independent cell death. Together, these findings suggest that diindolylmethanes are a new class of compounds that selectively induce apoptosis in AML cells through the modulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and PPARγ signaling pathways.
Potential for Abuse of Buprenorphine in Office-Based Treatment of Opioid Dependence
Authors: Theodore J. Cicero, James A. Inciardi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

To the Editor: Buprenorphine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2002 for the treatment of opioid addiction in certified physicians' offices. However, the FDA and the Drug Enf...
The Harveian Oration ON THE DEBT OF SCIENCE TO MEDICINE: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London on St. Luke's Day, October 18th
Authors: A. E. Garrod
Journal: BMJ (1924)

THE COLILEG(E, More than tw -o celnturies and a lhalf lhave passed sincee the nmost illisitrious of otur Fellows fouinded the Festiv-al w-hich we celebrate to-day, anid directed that Can oratioln shouild be deliv ered by one of our niumber.UUpon the long list of Harv-eiani Orators are many nlameis familiar wlherever medicine is studied, alid aimionigst tllem those of my six miiost recenit predecessors in my chair.I esteem it a great lhonour that you, Sir, should have thouglit me wvorthy to stand lhere to-day, and to deliver Harvey's message.It will be my endeavour to follow the inju-nctions which lie laid down: to commemorate the great men of the past, benefactors not onlly to this College buit to the lhuman race; to exhort our brethren to work together in peace and amiiity.and to urge them to pursue the stutdy of our scienice, by methods of which lie hiimself made sulch good use.E-er since this College was founded its Fellows and Mlembers have, generation by generationl, brouglht their several stones to the buildinog of the house of medicine.UTpon its Roll are niames of " men in their generation famous, and in ours niever to be forgotten," meln of genius whliose fame as disco-erers and as pioneers, in mediciiie and in otlher branchels of nlatural science, is orld-wide and a-ill never die; and of some higlhly distiinguislied in otlher wkalks of life, great scholars, such as Linacre and Caims, poets and plhilosophers.Upon it, too, are iinames of generous benefactors to scientific educationi, such as John Radcliffe and Matthew Lee, and of commanding personalities, patrons of science, art, or letters, such as Richlard leand, the Mecaenas of his day.But these great ones form only a small minority, and
Surfactant protein A suppresses reactive nitrogen intermediates by alveolar macrophages in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Rajamouli Pasula, Jo Rae Wright, Diane L. Kachel, William J. Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis attaches to, enters, and replicates within alveolar macrophages (AMs). Our previous studies suggest that surfactant protein A (SP-A) can act as a ligand in the attachment of M. tuberculosis to AMs. Reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs) play a significant role in the killing of mycobacteria. We have demonstrated that RNI levels generated by AMs were significantly increased when interferon-γ–primed AMs were incubated with M. tuberculosis. However, the RNI levels were significantly suppressed in the presence of SP-A (10 μg/ml). The specificity of SP-A's effect was demonstrated by the use of F(ab′)2 fragments of anti–SP-A monoclonal antibodies and by the use of mannosyl-BSA, which blocked the suppression of RNI levels by SP-A. Furthermore, incubation of deglycosylated SP-A with M. tuberculosis failed to suppress RNI by AMs, suggesting that the oligosaccharide component of SP-A, which binds to M. tuberculosis, is necessary for this effect. These results show that SP-A–mediated binding of M. tuberculosis to AMs significantly decreased RNI levels, suggesting that this may be one mechanism by which M. tuberculosis diminishes the cytotoxic response of activated AMs.
Intracerebroventricular neuropeptide Y stimulates bile secretion via a vagal mechanism.
Authors: M Farouk, J G Geoghegan, R S Pruthi, H J Thomson, T N Pappas, W C Meyers
Journal: Gut (1992)

The effect of intracerebroventricular injection of neuropeptide Y on biliary secretion was studied in conscious dogs, prepared with gastric and duodenal fistulas and cerebroventricular guides. Bile secretion was increased in a dose-dependent fashion by intracerebroventricular neuropeptide Y. The peak increase was seen after 500 pM/kg of neuropeptide Y which resulted in a 30 x 2% increase in bile flow over the period 30-150 minutes after injection. (Control: 23 x 2 (1 x 2) ml/2 hours; neuropeptide Y 500 pM/kg: 30 x 5 (1 x 1) ml/2 hours). Biliary lipid composition was not altered significantly but bicarbonate output was increased at all doses tested. Intravenous infusion of neuropeptide Y (1000 pM) for 1 hour had no significant effect. Intracerebroventricular neuropeptide Y (1000 pM/250-300 mg body weight) also increased bile flow in urethane-anaesthetised rats. This effect was abolished by cervical vagotomy. The demonstration of a central stimulation of alkaline bile flow suggests that bile secretion may be subject to central modulation.
SILENT FOCI OF LOCALIZED OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: D. B. PHEMISTER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Localized pyogenic osteomyelitis occurs most often as a complication or sequel of a diffuse osteomyelitic lesion, although it may be the primary focus of bone infection. There is considerable variation in the symptoms that it produces. It usually begins acutely, with continuous pain in the involved region, followed soon by local tenderness, swelling and mild general symptoms of pyogenic infection. The local and general symptoms subside gradually in from one to three weeks, and may entirely disappear. More frequently, a slight local disturbance persists, and occasionally pus collects in the adjacent soft parts. After a period of quiescence, varying from a few weeks to a few months, there is usually a recurrence of symptoms, and this process may be repeated indefinitely unless proper surgical relief is given. Night pain is a common symptom during the periods of recurrence. Occasionally in primary localized osteomyelitis, the course from the onset is that
Operation Smile Volunteers Travel Far to Transform Lives
Authors: Donald F. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Test antiserum for group B meningococci.
Authors: J B Robbins
Journal: BMJ (1977)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the loss of ability to control voluntary movements. Predictive biomarkers of progression in Parkinson’s Disease are urgently needed to expedite the development of neuroprotective treatments and facilitate discussions about disease prognosis between clinicians and patients. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) shows promise in predicting progression, with derived measures, including regional homogeneity (ReHo) and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), having been previously been associated with <i>current</i> disease severity. In this work, ReHo and fALFF features from 82 Parkinson’s Disease subjects are used to train machine learning predictors of baseline clinical severity and progression at 1 year, 2 years, and 4 years follow-up as measured by the Movement Disorder Society Unified Depression Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) score. This is the first time that rs-fMRI and machine learning have been combined to predict <i>future</i> disease progression. The machine learning models explain up to 30.4% (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.304) of the variance in baseline MDS-UPDRS scores, 55.8% (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.558) of the variance in year 1 scores, and 47.1% (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.471) of the variance in year 2 scores with high statistical significance (<i>p &lt;</i> 0.0001). For distinguishing high- and low-progression individuals (MDS-UPDRS score above or below the median), the models achieve positive predictive values of up to 71% and negative predictive values of up to 84%. The models learn patterns of ReHo and fALFF measures that predict better and worse prognoses. Higher ReHo and fALFF in regions of the default motor network predicted lower current severity and lower future progression. The rs-fMRI features in the temporal lobe, limbic system, and motor cortex were also identified as predictors. These results present a potential neuroimaging biomarker that accurately predicts progression, which may be useful as a clinical decision-making tool and in future trials of neuroprotective treatments.
A DISTINCTIVE SUBSTANCE ASSOCIATED WITH THE BROWN-PEARCE RABBIT CARCINOMA
Authors: John G. Kidd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

A substance is regularly present in saline extracts of the Brown-Pearce rabbit carcinoma growth which is capable of fixing complement specifically in mixture with the sera of certain rabbits bearing the tumor or in which this has recently retrogressed, as the foregoing experiments have shown. The substance was not demonstrable in extracts of the normal tissues, virus papillomas, or uterine cancers of rabbits, nor in extracts of rabbit tissues infected with certain viruses (vaccine virus, Virus III, fibroma virus). The sera of normal rabbits, of those immune to a variety of infectious diseases, including syphilis, vaccinia, fibromatosis, and Virus III, and of others with uterine cancers or virus-induced papillomas, failed to fix complement specifically in mixture with extracts containing the antigen of the Brown-Pearce tumor. The significance of the findings will be discussed in the succeeding paper, after consideration has been given to some of the properties of the serologically active material derived from the Brown-Pearce tumor.
No laughing matter: an 'allergy' exercise?
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

East Coast physicians report finding 11 patients who experience a strange set of exercise-associated symptoms that are potentially fatal. The investigators, from Harvard Medical School and Albany Medical College, reported their findings at the meeting of the American Academy of Allergy in New Orleans. The seven male and four female patients range in age from 11 to 45 years, are well-conditioned, accomplished athletes, and participate in sports such as sprinting and long-distance running, soccer, basketball, football, and tennis. During or following exercise, nine have had syncopal episodes—some of which have been almost fatal—with cutaneous angioedema involving the face, palms, and soles. Five also have had upper respiratory tract obstruction with choking and stridor. Gastrointestinal symptoms have occurred in five patients, usually with nausea, and three have severe headaches lasting several days. All 11 patients experienced pruritus, often followed by urticaria. Each athlete has had from one to 20 such attacks.
Local nasal immunotherapy: experimental evidences and general considerations
Authors: G. Passalacqua, M. Albano, A. M. Riccio, A. Scordamaglia, G. W. Canonica
Journal: Allergy (1997)

The possibility of local hyposensitization in allergies was envisaged since the first decades of the century and then sporadically employed, whereas controlled clinical trials of local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT) were performed only during the last 20 years. Studies currently available agree on the clinical efficacy of the treatment. LNIT was demonstrated capable of reducing symptoms both in pollen‐ and mite‐induced rhinitis, and of modifying the specific target organ responsivity. Indeed, aqueous extracts appeared to be more effective than modified ones but were also charged by troublesome local side effects, while the recently introduced powdered extracts seemed to overcome this problem, maintaining a favourable clinical effectiveness. In a recent study we demonstrated a significant effect of LNIT on local allergic inflammation. LNIT reduced both the inflammatory infiltration and ICAM‐1 expression on nasal epithelial cells upon specific nasal challenge. The effects on specific challenge appeared long‐lasting, but the clinical efficacy seemed to depend strictly upon preseasonal treatment. LNIT with powdered extracts appears an effective, safe and well‐tolerated treatment for allergic rhinitis. Nevertheless, its particular administration technique requires a careful choice of patients. Finally, a socioeconomical analysis shows a favourable costbenefit ratio for LNIT if compared to classic subcutaneous immunotherapy.