tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol Management in Theory and Practice
Authors: Antonio M. Gotto
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Abstract The preponderance of evidence confirms the importance of aggressive lipid modification in patients at risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, data suggest that this information is underimplemented in the clinical setting, even in patients with existing CHD, in whom the greatest benefit of such treatment has been shown. The fact that many practitioners do not pursue a proven treatment strategy in patients who qualify must be redressed through education and reinforcement of existing recommendations. In the present review, the current clinical and mechanistic understanding of the benefit of aggressive lipid management is summarized, with a focus on the clinical implications of recent findings. These include growing public awareness of cholesterol as a modifiable CHD risk factor, recommendations for earlier and more aggressive intervention in patients with existing disease, and discussion of the cost-effectiveness of lipid-regulating therapy. Despite the secular trend of declining CHD morbidity and mortality rates in recent years, CHD remains the leading cause of death in both men and women in the United States. It is imperative to prevent any reduction in public focus on primary and secondary prevention.
Ethyl Alcohol—Ancient Plague and Modern Poison
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Ethyl alcohol (alcohol) kills every day in Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Paris, and virtually every other city in the Western World. Considering all of its lethal effects, it follows right after heart disease, cancer, and stroke as a cause of death. Alcohol is almost a required social potion every day in Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Paris, and virtually every other city in the Western World. This is a dichotomy of concepts and a damnably difficult dilemma of man with his frailties. Can't seem to live without it and can't seem to live with it. Alcohol is a drug. It is the No. 1 drug of abuse in our society. Its only close rival is tobacco. Both are legal. One is socially acceptable in most settings; the other, less so, as this century winds down. Alcohol and its problems have been around for as long as history has been
What We Learn from Infants with Brain Tumors
Authors: Jeffrey C. Allen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Infants and young children with primary brain tumors pose a unique moral and medical dilemma. For parents and physicians alike, the late neurotoxic effects of radiation therapy in children whose nervous systems are in a critical stage of development are sufficiently formidable to encourage such divergent views as therapeutic nihilism or an enthusiasm for novel treatment alternatives. A major goal for these patients is to develop treatment strategies that minimize the dose of radiation to the central nervous system.The first step toward reaching this goal would be to demonstrate that an alternative therapy such as parenteral chemotherapy, which is . . .
Health effects of Greece's austerity measures are "worse than imagined," report researchers
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Greece’s severe economic crisis has had a substantially negative effect on public health that provides a warning for other countries faced with similar challenges, the authors of a report published in the American Journal of Public Health have said.1

Researchers at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Greece and the University of New Mexico in the United States said that a sharp deterioration in major indicators of public health had accompanied …
Phosphorylation of Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein Prevents Platelet-Neutrophil Complex Formation and Dampens Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: David Köhler, Andreas Straub, Thomas Weissmüller, Marion Faigle, Sarah Bender, Rainer Lehmann, Hans-Peter Wendel, Julia Kurz, Ulrich Walter, Kai Zacharowski, Peter Rosenberger
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Recent work has suggested that the formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs) aggravates the severity of inflammatory tissue injury. Given the importance of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) for platelet function, we pursued the role of VASP on the formation of PNCs and its impact on the extent of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.In initial in vitro studies we found that neutrophils facilitated the movement of platelets across endothelial monolayers. Phosphorylation of VASP reduced the formation of PNCs and transendothelial movement of PNCs. During myocardial IR injury, VASP(-/-) animals demonstrated reduced intravascular formation of PNCs and reduced presence of PNCs within the ischemic myocardial tissue. This was associated with reduced IR injury. Studies using platelet transfer and bone marrow chimeric animals showed that hematopoietic VASP expression was crucial for the intravascular formation of PNCs the presence of PNCs within ischemic myocardial tissue and the extent of myocardial IR injury. Furthermore, phosphorylation of VASP on Ser153 or Ser235 reduced intravascular PNC formation and presence of PNCs within ischemic myocardial tissue. This finding was associated with reduced myocardial IR injury.Previously unappreciated, the phosphorylation of VASP performs a key function for the formation of PNCs that is crucially important for the extent of myocardial IR injury.
Chronic Hallucinosis From Nasal Drops
Authors: Javier I. Escobar
Journal: JAMA (1982)

CONSIDERING the ready availability of sympathomimetics and their potential for CNS action, it is surprising that relatively few reports of sympathomimetic-related psychosis have reached the psychiatric literature.<sup>1-3</sup>Psychoses related to topical (intranasal) sympathomimetic preparations are extremely rare.<sup>4</sup>We report a case of chronic hallucination associated with long-term use of decongestant nasal preparations. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 61-year-old man sought medical care for nasal stuffiness, nervousness, and insomnia. He also reported hearing "threatening" voices and experiencing "frightening" visual imagery on an almost daily basis for more than 20 years, most often at night. These episodes included feelings of panic, fears of somebody trying to kill him or of being possessed by the devil, psychomotor agitation, and violent behavior, with amnesia. His history included a brief psychiatric hospitalization in 1945 (at age 26 years) because of symptoms of anxiety; discharge diagnosis was "borderline mental retardation." In 1967, at a
The respiratory tract and the environment.
Authors: J D Brain
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The primary determinants of pulmonary disease are environmental. The same thinness and delicacy of the air-blood barrier which allows rapid exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide also reduce its effectiveness as a barrier to inhaled allergens, carcinogens, toxic particles, and noxious gases, and micro-organisms. Adults breath 10,000 to 20,000 liters of air daily. This volume of air contains potentially hazardous contaminating particles and gases. Future research should explore the diverse physiological mechanisms which prevent the accumulation and deleterious action of inhaled particles and gases. Since most pulmonary diseases are either initiated by or at least aggravated by the inhalagion of particles and gases, the role of environmental factors in the development of respiratory disease is an area worthy of continued support.
Nephrotic syndrome after treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid
Authors: B H Novis, Z Korzets, P Chen, J Bernheim
Journal: BMJ (1988)

reduced during the first six months by non-closure of the defect.Presumably non-closure allows cerebrospinal fluid to escape from the open neural tube, postponing the development of hydrocephalus until epithelium has formed.As deferred shunt operations are associated with a better prognosis,4 nonclosure may in fact be advantageous, delaying the onset of ventriculitis until the child is immunologically more competent.Thus early closure has no advantage over non-closure with respect to mortality and the incidence of hydrocephalus and ventriculitis.Non-closure not only means that neonates are spared major operations but also reduces the number of shunt operations required in children who have a limited life expectancy.Knowing that non-closure is safe and potentially beneficial means that the family does not have to make an urgent and immediate choice between life and death on the birth of a baby with an open neural tube defect,5 allowing time for all concerned fully to assess the baby's condition.1 Mawdsley T, Rickman PP.Further follow-up study of early operation for open myelomeningocele.
Hereditary Renal-Cell Carcinoma Associated with a Chromosomal Translocation
Authors: Andrew J. Cohen, Frederick P. Li, Solomon Berg, David J. Marchetto, Shien Tsai, Stephen C. Jacobs, Robert S. Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

MANY forms of human cancer tend to occur in families.1 Environmental causes of familial cancer often cannot be identified, and, by exclusion, a hereditary mechanism is postulated on the basis of pedigree analysis. However, published chromosomal studies of families with cancer have not identified specific inherited karyotypic abnormalities.We shall describe a family with renal-cell carcinoma and a constitutional chromosomal translocation. The cancer arose in 10 members (five men and five women) of three consecutive generations. The cancers produced symptoms in the proband and six relatives and was diagnosed in three other persons by screening of asymptomatic family members. The . . .
Testing the “Proto-splice Sites” Model of Intron Origin: Evidence from Analysis of Intron Phase Correlations
Authors: Manyuan Long, Carl Rosenberg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

A few nucleotide sites of nuclear exons that flank introns are often conserved. A hypothesis has suggested that these sites, called "proto-splice sites," are remnants of recognition signals for the insertion of introns in the early evolution of eukaryotic genes. This notion of proto-splice sites has been an important basis for the insertional theory of introns. This hypothesis predicts that the distribution of proto-splice sites would determine the distribution of intron phases, because the positions of introns are just a subset of the proto-splice sites. We previously tested this prediction by examining the proportions of the phases of proto-splice sites, revealing nothing in these proportion distributions similar to observed proportions of intron phases. Here, we provide a second independent test of the proto-splice site hypothesis, with regard to its prediction that the proto-splice sites would mimic intron phase correlations, using a CDS database we created from GenBank. We tested four hypothetical proto-splice sites G / G, AG / G, AG / GT, and C/AAG / R. Interestingly, while G / G and AG / GT site phase distributions are not consistent with actual introns, we observed that AG / G and C/AAG / R sites have a symmetric phase excess. However, the patterns of the excess are quite different from the actual intron phase distribution. In addition, particular amino acid repeats in proteins were found to partially contribute to the excess of symmetry at these two types of sites. The phase associations of all four sites are significantly different from those of intron phases. Furthermore, a general model of intron insertion into proto-splice sites was simulated by Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the probability that the random insertion of introns into AG / G and C/AAG / R sites could generate the observed intron phase distribution. The simulation showed that (1) no observed correlation of intron phases was statistically consistent with the phase distribution of proto-splice sites in the simulated virtual genes; (2) most conservatively, no simulation in 10,000 Monte Carlo experiments gave a pattern with an excess of symmetric (1, 1) exons larger than those of (0, 0) and (2, 2), a major statistical feature of intron phase distribution that is consistent with the directly observed cases of exon shuffling. Thus, these results reject the null hypothesis that introns are randomly inserted into preexisting proto-splice sites, as suggested by the insertional theory of introns.
Human Sparganosis
Authors: Wolfgang A. Wirth
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A woman 66 years of age noted 2 subcutaneous nodules, 1 of which migrated from the right to the left side of the midline of her back. The pathologist's examination identified these and other lesions as tracts containing motile larvae of sparganum, the adult form of which is a tapeworm of a species ofDiphyllobothrium. Infestation with this parasite can probably be prevented by avoiding drinking water from natural sources, especially in areas where water snakes and other wild life are known to harbor the organism.
Myocardial infarction and angina.
Authors: J. L. Burton
Journal: BMJ (1968)

psychosomatic diseases " have emotional sensitivity as their common property, and determinable specific sensitivities are found in most of them.The environment does the rest.-Iam, etc., RANYARD WEST.Church Stretton, Salop.Side-effects of Vinca Alkaloids SIR,-The findings by Dr. A. Vladutiu (22 June, p. 764) of acute dilatation of the gut in guinea-pigs receiving intraperitoneal injections of vinblastine is similar to the ex- perience of others working with this drug.Constipation, abdominal distension, and pain, sometimes sufficient to precipitate laparo- tomy, as well as acute urinary retention and loss of salivation, occasionally occur in patients receiving vinblastine,' 2 though the incidence of these complications is far greater in patients receiving the closely related alka- loid, vincristine.'' Prophylactic bulk laxa- tives and other aperients are recommended routinely for patients receiving vincristine.'Smith' found similar acute dilatation of the gut in mice treated with intraperitoneal injections of vinblastine, and moreover demonstrated degenerative changes in the myenteric plexus of the gut both in man and the mouse.This finding is in keeping with the known neurotoxicity of vinblastine, but more particularly of vincristine.'Almost certainly direct damage to the myenteric plexus causes paralysis of the gut.There is no evidence for the true ganglion-blocking action of vinblastine suggested by Dr.
microRNA-206 promotes skeletal muscle regeneration and delays progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice
Authors: Ning Liu, Andrew H. Williams, Johanna M. Maxeiner, Svetlana Bezprozvannaya, John M. Shelton, James A. Richardson, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Eric N. Olson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Skeletal muscle injury activates adult myogenic stem cells, known as satellite cells, to initiate proliferation and differentiation to regenerate new muscle fibers. The skeletal muscle–specific microRNA miR-206 is upregulated in satellite cells following muscle injury, but its role in muscle regeneration has not been defined. Here, we show that miR-206 promotes skeletal muscle regeneration in response to injury. Genetic deletion of miR-206 in mice substantially delayed regeneration induced by cardiotoxin injury. Furthermore, loss of miR-206 accelerated and exacerbated the dystrophic phenotype in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We found that miR-206 acts to promote satellite cell differentiation and fusion into muscle fibers through suppressing a collection of negative regulators of myogenesis. Our findings reveal an essential role for miR-206 in satellite cell differentiation during skeletal muscle regeneration and indicate that miR-206 slows progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio reflects hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation via inflammatory microenvironment
Authors: Takashi Motomura, Ken Shirabe, Yohei Mano, Jun Muto, Takeo Toshima, Yuichiro Umemoto, Takasuke Fukuhara, Hideaki Uchiyama, Toru Ikegami, Tomoharu Yoshizumi, Yuji Soejima, Yoshihiko Maehara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Myocardial cell damage in human hypertension
Authors: Guillem Pons-Lladó, Manel Ballester, Xavier Borrás, Francesc Carreras, Ignasi Carrió, Joaquı́n López-Contreras, Alex Roca-Cusachs, Jaume Marrugat, Jagat Narula
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Outcome study of renal biopsy patients in Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Kunitoshi Iseki, Fujihiko Miyasato, Hajime Uehara, Kiyoyuki Tokuyama, Shigeki Toma, Keizo Nishime, Shinichiro Yoshi, Yoshiki Shiohira, Takashi Oura, Masahiko Tozawa, Koshiro Fukiyama
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
The in vivo behaviour of a sol–gel glass and a glass-ceramic during critical diaphyseal bone defects healing
Authors: Jorge Gil-Albarova, Antonio J. Salinas, Antonio L. Bueno-Lozano, Jesus Román, Nicolo Aldini-Nicolo, Agustina García-Barea, Gianluca Giavaresi, Milena Fini, Roberto Giardino, Maria Vallet-Regí
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
P80 Coming and Going: COPD Patients’ Experiences of Hospital Admission and Discharge
Authors: M Hodson, S Andrews, S Walker, M Roberts
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3></h3> Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of emergency hospitalisation in the UK. Identifying the principal decisions of seeking admission to hospital and subsequent experiential aspects for the admission and discharge process make it possible to benchmark future quality service provision for COPD patients. <h3>Aim</h3> Part of a larger study about COPD this aspect of the research aimed to identify patients’ experiences of being hospitalised with COPD. The focus of this presentation is about patient-reported experiences of making the decision to go to hospital and later, their subsequent discharge from hospital. <h3>Method</h3> Nineteen patients with recent acute hospital care for a COPD related illness or exacerbation were interviewed face-to-face. Recent was defined as admission within the last 3 months prior to the interview. The interviews were conducted in patients’ homes. The sample comprised 12 males (63%), 7 (37%) females. The mean age for males and females was 70 years. The data was coded and grouped into 5 categories. The findings for the categories: “Going to hospital” and “Discharge from hospital” are presented. <h3>Findings</h3> COPD patients have much experience in managing an exacerbation of their condition and can recognise significant changes in their health status requiring urgent hospitalisation. The findings for “Going to hospital” include: who patients rely on to make the decision, how the decision is made/or avoided and their emotive experiences of going to hospital. Patient experiences around “Discharge from hospital” include: consultation, confusion, timeliness and (lack of) streamlining in the discharge process. Patient narratives will be presented. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Decision-making about going to hospital and the subsequent discharge process can be viewed as the beginning and end points in the hospitalisation journey for COPD patients. Patient experiences about these points in the journey give key insights into decision making, quality care and identify benchmarks for future reviews of service provision to COPD patients.
Cytomegalovirus miRNAs Target Secretory Pathway Genes to Facilitate Formation of the Virion Assembly Compartment and Reduce Cytokine Secretion
Authors: Lauren M. Hook, Finn Grey, Robert Grabski, Rebecca Tirabassi, Tracy Doyle, Meaghan Hancock, Igor Landais, Sophia Jeng, Shannon McWeeney, William Britt, Jay A. Nelson
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
An approach to the determination of the relative potencies of chemical agents during the stages of initiation and promotion in multistage hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat.
Authors: H C Pitot, H A Campbell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The potency of carcinogenic agents in eliciting neoplastic lesions has long been a concern of investigators in the field of oncology. This paper describes a method, based on quantitative stereologic calculations, to estimate the relative potency of chemicals as initiating and/or promoting agents. The parameters defined in this paper are: (a) Initiation index = no. foci induced X liver-1 X [mmole/kg body weight]-1; and (b) Promotion index = Vf/Vc X mmol-1 X wk-1. These parameters have been calculated for a number of chemical agents, based both on data from this laboratory and others published in the literature. Neither parameter varied significantly with the dose of two different initiating agents used in this study. The range of promotion indices extended over more than eight orders of magnitude, whereas that of the initiation indices was much less variable. Such parameters may be useful as quantitative estimates of the potency of hepatocarcinogenic agents not only in rodents, but potentially in quantitative risk estimations in the human.
Infelicitous vs Unfelicitous
Authors: Harry L. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Hurrah for Dr Fritz Schmerl's effort (235:251, 1976) to get us all using<i>factitial</i>for "deliberately produced" and<i>factitious</i>for "unintentionally produced." I have always had a difficult time remembering which was which, myself. I am always pleased to be reminded. However, his choice of "unfelicitous" as a designation for the misuse of these terms seems to me as infelicitous as his use of the term "blooper."<i>Unfelicitous</i>is a late comer (though it is not really wrong) or a nonword; it is recognized in a list of words beginning with<i>un</i>- in the<i>Random House Dictionary</i>; but unlike<i>infelicitous</i>, it does not appear among the defined words either there or in the<i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. It qualifies, certainly, as an infelicitous choice.
Quantifying Improvement in Symptoms, Functioning, and Quality of Life After Peripheral Endovascular Revascularization
Authors: David M. Safley, John A. House, Steven B. Laster, William C. Daniel, John A. Spertus, Steven P. Marso
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Patients with peripheral arterial disease often undergo peripheral endovascular revascularization (PER) to alleviate symptoms. Despite the growth of PER, little information exists quantifying the health status benefits after the procedure. Methods and Results— From February 2001 to August 2004, 477 consecutive patients underwent PER for symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Of these, 300 consented to participate in a longitudinal follow-up study of their health status. Health status was quantified with the disease-specific Peripheral Artery Questionnaire and the generic Short Form-12 and the EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ5D)questionnaire. Scores range from 0 to 100; higher scores represent fewer symptoms and better health status. The average age of the cohort was 68±11 years (mean±SD); 186 (62%) were male, 288 (96%) were white, and 118 (39%) were diabetic. Clinical follow-up was attained in 99% of patients; health status assessments were made in 86%. Mean Peripheral Artery Questionnaire summary scores improved significantly after revascularization from 31±19 to 62±27 at 1 year ( P &lt;0.0001). Generic health status scores also improved significantly ( P &lt;0.001 for all). Despite a technically successful procedure in 98% of patients, 21% of patients did not achieve the minimal clinically important improvement of an 8-point change in Peripheral Artery Questionnaire Summary score after PER (35±19 at baseline versus 31±16 at 1 year; P =0.09). Conclusions— For most patients, significant and sustained improvements in symptoms, functioning, and quality of life occur after PER. Identifying and counseling patients less likely to benefit from PER is an important future research direction.
1007 Onset of action, efficacy and safety of a single dose of 60 mg and 120 mg fexofenadine HCl for ragweed (RW) allergy using controlled antigen exposure in an environmental exposure unit (EEU)
Authors: J DAY, M BRISCOE, A WELSH, J SMITH, J MASON
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)