tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Late Splenosis Evaluation After Autoimplantation of Spleen Morsels in Major Omentum in Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis Patients Using SPECT/CT Imaging
Authors: Simone Cristina Soares Brandão, Luiza de Almeida Gondra, Raissa Almeida Viana, Luciana Raposo Andrade, Carlos Teixeira Brandt
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is endemic in northeastern Brazil, representing the main cause of portal hypertension in children. The surgical treatment in children is portal decompression, and autoimplantation of spleen tissue in the major omentum as a protective measure against overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis. We investigated 19 patients (36.8% male) at late follow-up, searching for the remaining spleen tissue by hepatosplenic SPECT/CT scintigraphy imaging with labeled colloidal stannous chloride (SnTc-99m). All patients had splenosis with SnTc-99m uptake. As demonstrated in the case presented here, SPECT/CT scintigraphy was better to locate and count the spleen morsels than planar images.
Genome Screen for Asthma and Related Phenotypes in the French EGEA Study
Authors: MARIE-HÉLÈNE DIZIER, CÉLINE BESSE-SCHMITTLER, MICHEL GUILLOUD-BATAILLE, ISABELLA ANNESI-MAESANO, MEKKI BOUSSAHA, JEAN BOUSQUET, DENIS CHARPIN, ANNA DEGIOANNI, FRÉDÉRIC GORMAND, ALAIN GRIMFELD, JOËLLE HOCHEZ, GINA HYNE, ALAIN LOCKHART, MICHÈLE LUILLIER-LACOMBE, RÉGIS MATRAN, FLAVIE MEUNIER, FRANÇOISE NEUKIRCH, YVES PACHECO, VÉRONIQUE PARENT, EVELYNE PATY, ISABELLE PIN, CHRISTOPHE PISON, PIERRE SCHEINMANN, NICOLE THOBIE, DANIEL VERVLOET, FRANCINE KAUFFMANN, JOSUÉ FEINGOLD, MARK LATHROP, FLORENCE DEMENAIS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

A genome-wide search was conducted in 107 nuclear families with at least two siblings with asthma, as part of the French EGEA study. A two-stage analysis strategy was applied to the 107 families divided into two independent subsets of 46 and 61 families, where all regions detected in the first set of families were tested for replication in the second set. In addition, all regions reported by published genome scans in different populations were examined in the total sample. A total of 254 markers were typed in the first set of families and 70% of them in the second set. Linkage was investigated by model-free methods for asthma and four asthma-related phenotypes: bronchial responsiveness (BR), skin test response, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, and eosinophil count. The two-stage analysis led to the detection of three regions: 11p13 for IgE, 12q24 for eosinophils, and 17q12–21 for asthma and skin tests. Among the regions reported by published genome screens, seven were found in the 107 French EGEA families: three being already detected by the two-stage analysis, 11p13 (p = 0.005), 12q24 (p = 0.0008), and 17q12–21 (p = 0.001), and four additional ones, 1p31 (p = 0.005) for asthma, 11q13 (p = 0.006) for IgE, 13q31 (p = 0.001) for eosinophils, and 19q13 (p = 0.02) for BR.
Infection Control in Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: J. L. Brueggeman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest "Infection Control in Total Parenteral Nutrition" by Goldmann and Maki (223:1360, 1973). They recommended that in the differential diagnosis of fever in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN), 20 ml of solution should be removed through the intravenous tubing, and "... 1 ml used to prepare a pour plate" to determine possible fluid contamination. I should like to propose a different method of culturing, since I feel a 1ml sample is insufficient. While it is not possible to predict the probable number of organisms present in a liter of solution, we should look at the probability of predicting contamination with a sampling of 1 of 1,000. Since we are concerned with discrete data, Poisson distribution is applicable. If there are "r" organisms present in 1,000 ml, then the average number of organisms present in 1 ml is u = r/1,000. Poisson distribution gives the probability
Four Case Pairs With Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia
Authors: H. Campbell Drysdale
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Case Pairs With Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia Age, y Sex (Diagnosis Dates) Opportunity for Contact Region Observers East Anglia, F/F 27 (1969)/32 (1974) Next-door neighbor United Kingdom H.G.H.R. M/M 46(1981)/50(1983) Worked in same office Albany, NY A.S.D.S. Saint Albans, F/F 44 (1981)/37 (1982) Taught in same school United Kingdom D.A.G.G. Swindon, M/M 20(1981)/35(1984) Worked in same office United Kingdom H.C.D. <h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Despite the many reports of clusters of cases of leukemia, results of formal studies have on the whole been disappointing.<sup>1</sup>Most of the studies have, however, concerned acute leukemia. Four instances have come to our notice in which two individuals with appreciable personal contact have developed chronic granulocytic leukemia (Table). The annual age-adjusted world population incidence of chronic granulocytic leukemia recorded in most US and British cancer registries is approximately ten per million, so examples of such pairs of cases cannot often occur by chance. We recognize that
AN AID TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF COLONIC ADHESIONS
Authors: LOUIS J. HIRSCHMAN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In recent years, one of the subjects that have appeared most frequently in the literature and been freely discussed in medical societies is the subject of colitis. More attention is being paid to colitis in its various forms by physicians at the present time than ever before in medical history. While it is true that acute and chronic inflammatory and ulcerative conditions involving the large intestine are being diagnosed and treated in greater numbers at present than heretofore, it is also true that overenthusiasm has led many practitioners astray. On account of the intense interest taken in the subject of colitis by physicians in private and in sanatorium practice, the public has become obsessed with a colitis complex. Every deviation from the normal physiologic function of the colon is immediately labeled "colitis" and various forms of medicinal, vaccine, dietary, electrical, hydrotherapeutic and institutional forms of treatment are prescribed. In the
Insulin-independent Young Diabetics in Natal
Authors: J. E. Cosnett
Journal: BMJ (1960)

<h3>Background</h3> Research has consistently shown that patients at the end-of-life and their families value honest communication about prognosis. In the final hours and days of life, communication with families is particularly important, as at this point patients are often unable to communicate. This study aims to understand experiences of end-of-life prognostic communication from the perspective of hospice clinicians and relatives of patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Semi-structured interviews and a focus group were carried out with five senior hospice clinicians and twelve relatives of patients who died in the same hospice in the previous 3–6 months. Thematic analysis was used to identify relatives’ and clinicians’ perspectives on what is important to them during end-of-life prognostic communication. <h3>Results</h3> Clinicians suggested that as long as the family was aware that the patient was dying, it was not always necessary to raise prognosis. They felt repeatedly talking about timelines could cause families to become fixated on prognosis. When they did raise prognosis, this was often for practical reasons, such as ensuring relatives could stay overnight to be present if the person died. They described using relatives’ own descriptions of the patient‘s deterioration to help them understand the prognosis, and emphasised the importance of being honest about the uncertainty. Relatives appreciated this honesty and were aware that it would not be possible to be given an exact timeline. Some described information on what to expect during the dying process as helpful, but others felt this information was lacking. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Relative and clinician accounts of prognostic communication were generally aligned, with a focus on providing an awareness that the patient was dying whilst highlighting prognostic uncertainty. Clinicians should be aware that some relatives want further information about what changes to expect in order to be reassured that the patient‘s symptoms are a part of the natural dying process.
National Registry of Long-Term Dialysis Patients
Authors: Benjamin T. Burton
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The recently established National Dialysis Registry is an organ of the Artificial Kidney-Chronic Uremia Program of the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. At present there are about 5,000 patients in irreversible kidney failure who are kept alive with the aid of long-term dialysis; a small number are awaiting renal transplants. A progressive trend from hospital-based treatment to home dialysis is discernible. The gross annual death rate (based on an observation of less than two years) is approximately 9%. The most common immediate causes of death terminating long-term dialysis are (in order of decreasing importance) cardiac disorders, cerebrovascular disease, and other vascular complications and infections.
Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children
Authors: S. L Johnston, P. K Pattemore, G. Sanderson, S. Smith, F. Lampe, L. Josephs, P. Symington, S. O'Toole, S. H Myint, D. A J Tyrrell, S. T Holgate
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To study the association between upper and lower respiratory viral infections and acute exacerbations of asthma in schoolchildren in the community. <b>Design</b>: Community based 13 month longitudinal study using diary card respiratory symptom and peak expiratory flow monitoring to allow early sampling for viruses. <b>Subjects</b>: 108 Children aged 9-11 years who had reported wheeze or cough, or both, in a questionnaire. <b>Setting</b>: Southampton and surrounding community. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Upper and lower respiratory viral infections detected by polymerase chain reaction or conventional methods, reported exacerbations of asthma, computer identified episodes of respiratory tract symptoms or peak flow reductions. <b>Results</b>: Viruses were detected in 80% of reported episodes of reduced peak expiratory flow, 80% of reported episodes of wheeze, and in 85% of reported episodes of upper respiratory symptoms, cough, wheeze, and a fall in peak expiratory flow. The median duration of reported falls in peak expiratory flow was 14 days, and the median maximum fall in peak expiratory flow was 81 1/min. The most commonly identified virus type was rhinovirus. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study supports the hypothesis that upper respiratory viral infections are associated with 80-85% of asthma exacerbations in school age children. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages In this study common cold viruses were found in 80-85% of reported exacerbations of asthma in children Rhinoviruses, which cause most common colds, accounted for two thirds of viruses detected Analysis of diary cards also showed large numbers of similar but less severe episodes that may also be viral in origin
Points: Computer aided decision making
Authors: V. Coleman
Journal: BMJ (1984)

This described both the numerals themselves atid their use in calculation.Al-Khwarizmi's book was translated into Latin by an Englishrman, Robert of Chester, in 1120.This was the first of several Latin translations by means of which the Hindu-Arabic numerals became known to Western scholars.The methods of calculation using these numerals were given the general heading, algorithmus, from which our word "algorithm" is derived.Al- Khwarizmi's name has thus been preserved for us, in effect through a confusion between the name of the methods and the author of the principal work through which they became known.Algorithmus is just a corruption of the name Al-Khwarizmi.
Nasogastric suction in acute pancreatitis.
Authors: M J McMahon
Journal: BMJ (1978)

receptor content to equal extent but has a larger effect on rapidly proliferating cells than on slowly growing cells.'Recent data show that receptor-negative human breast cancers generally have a higher growth rate, as indicated by a higher labelling index and mitotic index.6The conclusions by Lipmann et al may therefore have to be amplified to state that human breast cancers with low oestrogen receptor content usually are the more rapidly growing tumours and consequently are relatively more sensitive to cytostatic treatment.
Protective effect of uric acid against 6-OHDA-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Tingting Huang, Li Gong, Weifeng Luo, Lifang Hu, Chunfeng Liu
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

To investigate the effect of uric acid (UA) on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) -induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells.
ASTHMA DUE TO A MOLD— ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS
Authors: HARRY S. BERNTON
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Asthmatic patients are divided into two groups, the reactors and the nonreactors, by means of cutaneous testing for protein sensitization. Specific therapy is accordingly indicated for the reacting group, either through the process of desensitizing treatments or through the removal of the offending allergen from the environment or the diet of the asthmatic subject. The clinical experience of the past two decades shows convincingly that asthma has been robbed of its terrors so far as the reacting group is concerned. Not so, however, with the majority of the nonreactors. The treatment of this large group of patients varies with the individual physicians who are called on for aid. It may be truly said that there are as many methods of treatment of nonreacting asthmatic patients as there are physicians to treat them. Any research that would furnish additions to the list of allergic excitants would inevitably enlarge the scope of
NF-κB in neuronal plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Mark P. Mattson, Simonetta Camandola
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

NF-κB in defense and diseaseNF-κB is widely known for its ubiquitous roles in inflammation and immune responses, as well as in control of cell division and apoptosis.These roles are apparent in the nervous system, but neurons and their neighboring cells employ the NF-κB pathway for distinctive functions as well, ranging from development to the coordination of cellular responses to injury of the nervous system and to brain-specific processes such as the synaptic signaling that underlies learning and memory.Here we discuss the regulation of NF-κB activity by neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors and the physiological and pathological effects of NF-κB activation in neurons and glial cells.Based on work in animal models, it appears that manipulation of NF-κB signaling may prove valuable in treating such conditions as ischemic stroke, physical trauma to the brain or spinal cord, and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. NF-κB in development and plasticity of the nervous systemMany of the same signal transduction pathways that regulate neuronal survival and growth during development of the nervous system appear to be centrally involved in various neurodegenerative conditions.Knowledge gained from studies of the function of NF-κB in developing neurons is therefore likely to be relevant to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders.An evolutionarily conserved role for NF-κB in development is suggested by data showing that the
Effect of Population-Based Interventions on Laboratory Utilization
Authors: Carl van Walraven, Vivek Goel, Ben Chan
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Previous studies have identified methods of decreasing laboratory utilization. However, most were hospital-based, relatively small, single-centered, or of limited duration.To determine the effect of 3 population-based interventions (physician guidelines, laboratory requisition form modification, and changes to funding policy) on laboratory utilization in Ontario.Interventional time-series analysis in which data analysis was based on all claims made to the Ontario Health Insurance Program between July 1, 1991, and April 1997 for laboratory tests affected by the interventions.All clinical laboratories (not based in hospitals) in Ontario.Physician guidelines, modification of laboratory requisition form, and changes in funding policy for the use of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate test (ESR), microscopic urinalysis, tests for renal function, iron stores, serum urea, and serum iron determinations, and tests for thyroid dysfunction (total thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]).Change from 1991 to 1997 in utilization rates of ESR, microscopic urinalysis, serum urea and iron determinations, and tests for total thyroxine and TSH.Age- and sex-standardized rates for laboratory tests unaffected by the interventions were stable during the study period. Utilization of ESR and urea determination decreased by 58% (P<.001) and 57% (P<.001), respectively, after they were removed from the requisition form and guidelines discouraging their use were disseminated. Rates for urinalyses without microscopy increased by 1700% (P<.001), while microscopic urinalysis decreased by 14% (P<.001), after a policy change eliminated microscopic urinalysis from routine urinalysis. Rates of iron determination declined by 80% (P<.001) and ferritin rates increased by 34% (P= .05) when policy changes eliminated iron testing when ordered with ferritin and guidelines advocating ferritin alone for investigating iron deficiency were disseminated. Utilization of total thyroxine testing declined by 96% (P = .02) when the provincial health plan stopped its funding. When TSH was removed from the laboratory requisition form, a 12% decline (P= .03) in its use was observed. Through April 1997, these interventions saved more than 625000 tests or $210400.The combination of guideline dissemination, laboratory requisition form modification, and changes to funding policy was associated with significant reductions in laboratory utilization.
AUSCULTATORY SIGN IN UREMIA
Authors: James M. Anders
Journal: JAMA (1926)

To the Editor:  —I desire to call brief attention to an auscultatory sign in cases of uremia, more particularly when this condition is secondary to chronic interstitial nephritis. The sign is an unusual dryness and harshness of the breath sounds to auscultation. This sound is more or less masked when edema of the lungs is present, as would be obviously supposed. I have no satisfying explanation to offer for the sign, although it may be safely inferred that it is in some manner, not as yet understood, dependent on the presence of retained excrementitious products. It is highly probable that the corresponding anatomic lesion is merely intense dryness of the bronchial mucosa and also that of the air cells. Dryness of the mucous membrane of the mouth and throat is much complained of, as a rule, by patients who manifest the sign.  I have frequently pointed out this sign to
In vitro behavior of human intestinal mucosa. The influence of acetyl choline on ion transport.
Authors: P E Isaacs, C L Corbett, A K Riley, P C Hawker, L A Turnberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The possibility that the autonomic nervous system may influence the function of intestinal mucosa was investigated by assessing the effect of acetyl choline on ion transport in human intestine. Isolated pieces of stripped ileal mucosa were mounted in Perspex flux-chambers and bathed in isotonic glucose Ringer's solution. Acetyl choline caused a rise in mean potential difference (8.8-12.3 mV, P less than 0.002) and short circuit current (287.7-417.2 muA-cm-2, P less than 0.01) (n = 12), observable at a concentration of 0.01 mM and maximal at 0.1 mM. This effect was enhanced by neostigmine and blocked by atropine. Isotopic flux determinations revealed a change from a small mean net Cl absorption (58) to a net Cl secretion (-4.3mueq-cm-2-h-1P less than 0.001) due predominantly to an increase in the serosal to mucosal unidirectional flux of Cl (10.63-14.35 mueq-cm-2-h-1P less than 0.05) and a smaller reduction in the mucosal to serosal flux (11.22 to 10.02 mueq-cm-2-h-1P less than 0.05). Unidirectional and net Na transport was unaffected. A similar electrical and ion transport response was observed in a single study of two pieces of jejunal mucosa. In the absence of glucose net chloride secretion was produced and again an insignificant effect on net sodium transport was noted. Acetyl choline did not provoke a sustained effect on mucosal cyclic adenine nucleotide levels although a short-lived cyclic adenine nucleotide response was seen in some tissues 20-30 s after drug addition. These studies demonstrate that acetyl choline does influence human intestinal ion transport by stimulating chloride secretion and suggest a possible mechanism by which the parasympathetic nervous system could be concerned in the control of ion transport.
Benefits and Harms of Pharmacologic Treatment for Urinary Incontinence in Women
Authors: Tatyana Shamliyan, Jean F. Wyman, Rema Ramakrishnan, François Sainfort, Robert L. Kane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) in women adversely affects quality of life. Purpose: To conduct a systematic literature review of drugs for urgency UI in women. Data Sources: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCIRUS, and Google Scholar were searched for articles published from 1966 to November 2011. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) reported in English. Data Extraction: Rates of outcomes and risk of bias were extracted by using a standardized form to pool absolute risk differences and calculate the number of attributable events per 1000 patients treated, with 95% CIs. Data Synthesis: 94 RCTs were eligible. Pooled analyses showed that among drugs for urgency UI, per 1000 treated women, continence was restored in 130 with fesoterodine (CI, 58 to 202), 85 with tolterodine (CI, 40 to 129), 114 with oxybutynin (CI, 64 to 163), 107 with solifenacin (CI, 58 to 156), and 114 with trospium (CI, 83 to 144). Rates of treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects were 31 per 1000 treated with fesoterodine (CI, 10 to 56), 63 with oxybutynin (CI, 12 to 127), 18 with trospium (CI, 4 to 33), and 13 with solifenacin (CI, 1 to 26). The studies' inconsistent definitions of reduction in UI and quality of life hampered synthesis of evidence. Limitation: Evidence for quality-of-life improvements and comparative effectiveness with drugs was limited, and evidence for the effects of race, baseline severity of UI, and comorbid conditions on treatment success was insufficient. Conclusion: Overall, drugs for urgency UI showed similar small benefit. Therapeutic choices should consider the harms profile. Evidence for long-term adherence and safety of treatments is lacking. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Assessment of a test of renal viability.
Authors: G Williams, T N Peet, R J Hamshere
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A test of renal viability using the uptake of 125I-iodohippurate by kidney biopsy specimens has been developed. It is applicable to all kidneys irrespective of the method of storage. The uptake of 125I-iodohippurate in experimental kidneys correlated well with warm or cold ischaemia time and subsequent renal function. The test was used for human cadaver kidneys offered for transplantation and there was good correlation between iodohippurate uptake and warm ischaemic time. With this test, prediction of renal function was accurate in 85% of human cadaver kidneys transplanted. Pulsatile perfusion had no effect on cadaver kidneys as measured by this test.