tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypofractionation for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Shyam K. Tanguturi, Jennifer R. Bellon
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Novel sensitivity genes to 5-FU and CDDP in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shoichi Fumoto, Tatsushi Shimokuni, Keiji Tanimoto, Keiko Hiyama, Tsuyoshi Noguchi, Katsunobu Kawahara, Keiko Otani, Megu Ohtaki, Eiso Hiyama, Masahiko Nishiyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

1111 

Existing chemotherapy is palliative for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and the therapeutic outcome significantly varies, even among patients given the same therapy. The prediction of sensitivity to anticancer drugs and clinical outcomes of chemotherapy is urgently required to improve survival for ESCC patients. Using 20 human cancer cell lines, we sort out genes responsible for drug-sensitivity in ESCC, through 2 different genome-wide microarray analyses and subsequent real-time RT-PCR, and identified 7 genes as novel potent markers for 5-FU and CDDP. cDNA and oligonucleotide microarray analyses and MTT assay was first performed to select genes whose expression levels correlated with sensitivity to 5-FU and CDDP. Each array screening analysis provided numerous candidates, but they included few genes showing high correlation in both array screening analyses ( P <0.01). After the confirmation of correlations between their expression levels quantified by real-time RT-PCR, we finally selected 7 genes as the most potent markers of sensitivity to the drugs: B4GALT5, UGCG, XBP1 for 5-FU and ARFRP11, IFITM1, KIAA0685, SIPAIL for CDDP. The fact that drug sensitivity is determined by multiple genes required a better understanding of the intricate network of the selected genes in the expression levels. We performed, therefore, multiple regression analysis and reached the prediction formulae of in vitro drug activity and clinical response to the drugs. Despite the limited data, the fixed prediction formulae appeared to be of highly predictive, which suggest that simultaneous performance of two different types of comprehensive gene expression analysis may provide way to identify potent marker genes, and evaluation of the variable expression of the 2 sets of selected genes can work well in the prediction model. To clarify the functional significance in the drug sensitivity, we established stable B4GALT5 gene transfectants. Although the other 6 genes are still under investigation, we found that overexpression of B4GALT5 caused an increase of 5-FU resistance. Our selected genes may be better current candidates for prediction markers of response to 5-FU and CDDP in ESCC.
Variability of respiratory rhythm and pattern of breathing changes in patients with bronchial asthma and cold airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Dmitry L. Nakhamchen, Juliy M. Perelman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The role of control of breathing in modulation of bronchomotor tonus has been studied very little. It is unknown if there is a correlation between cold airway hyperresponsiveness (CAHR) and changes of respiration regulation.

The aim of the study was to reveal the changes in respiratory rhythm and pattern of breathing and their correlation with bronchoconstrictor reaction to cold air hyperventilation in bronchial asthma (BA). 35 patients with BA and 6 healthy persons were examined. The group of BA patients was divided according to whether there was CAHR (14 patients) or there was not any (21 patients). CAHR was defined by 10% FEV1 fall after 3-minute isocapnic cold air (-20°C) hyperventilation. Respiratory rhythm variability was evaluated by the value of mean-square deviation of respiration cycle duration during 15-minute interval. In result, a big variability of respiratory rhythm in BA patients with CAHR was revealed. Mean-square deviation was 0.86±0.13 vs. 0.56±0.06 in patients without CAHR (p<0.05). Significant changes in pattern of breathing in patients with CAHR were registered: inspiration shortening (0.37±0.01 s vs. 0.41±0.01 s in healthy persons, p<0.01), expiration lengthening (0.63±0.01 s vs. 0.59±0.01 s, p<0.01, respectively) at the absence of established differences in FEV1 between the groups. There was a direct correlation between FEV1 and tidal volume in healthy subjects and asthmatics without CAHR (r=0.89 and r=0.75, respectively, p<0.05). Patients with CAHR did not have such a correlation. The obtained data suggested a distinct interrelationship between the control of breating and cold airway hyperresponsiveness in BA patients.
Definitive radiotherapy for T3 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx.
Authors: W M Mendenhall, J T Parsons, A A Mancuso, F J Pameijer, S P Stringer, N J Cassisi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To report the results of radiotherapy alone for stage T3 squamous cell carcinoma of the true vocal cord and compare these data with those obtained with other treatment modalities. METHODS AND MATERIALS Seventy-five patients with previously untreated T3 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx were treated with curative intent with radiotherapy alone (73 patients) or followed by a planned neck dissection (two patients) at the University of Florida between September 1966 and August 1994. No patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. All patients were monitored for at least 2 years and 85% had a minimum follow-up duration of 5 years. No patient was lost to follow-up evaluation. RESULTS The 5-year local control and ultimate local control rates were 63% and 86%, respectively. The volume of the primary tumor (which was calculated on pretreatment computed tomographic [CT] scans in 38 patients) was inversely related to local control with larynx preservation: &lt; or = 3.5 cm3, 20 of 23 (87%) versus greater than 3.5 cm3, four of 14 (29%) (P = .0005). There was no apparent relationship between local control after radiotherapy as a function of whether the vocal cord regained mobility or remained fixed during or shortly after completion of treatment. The 5-year absolute and cause-specific survival rates were 54% and 78%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that pretreatment tracheostomy was significantly related to diminished cause-specific survival (P = .0345). CONCLUSION Radiotherapy alone results in long-term local-regional control and survival rates that are comparable to those obtained with surgery. It is unclear whether induction or concomitant chemotherapy is associated with improved local-regional control and survival compared with radiotherapy alone.
Narcissism and empathy in steroid users
Authors: J H Porcerelli, B A Sandler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

In an effort to begin to construct a psychological profile of anabolic steroid users, the authors compared weight lifters and bodybuilders who did or did not use anabolic steroids on an objective measure of narcissism and on clinical ratings of empathy.The subjects were 16 weight lifters and bodybuilders who reported that they had used anabolic steroids within the past year and a comparison group of 20 weight lifters who had not used steroids. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory and clinical ratings of empathy were used to assess narcissism.Steroid users had significantly higher scores on dimensions of pathological narcissism and significantly lower scores on clinical ratings of empathy.These preliminary results document a relationship between anabolic steroid use and narcissistic personality traits. They also indicate the need for further research to determine whether narcissistic personality traits contribute to the initiation of anabolic steroid use or result from their use.
A test of our humanity
Authors: N. Ladher
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A test of our humanityNavjoyt Ladher clinical editor, The BMJ Last week UK newspapers carried reports from the Greek island of Kos, with anguished British tourists complaining about their holidays being spoilt by Syrian refugees fleeing to the island and declaring they would go elsewhere for their summer break next year.If the reaction from these holidaymakers has you wondering about our compassion, the Australian government's response to the migrant crisis makes for grim reading.
Laparoscopic assisted versus open gastric pull-up following thoracoscopic esophagectomy: A cohort study
Authors: Hiroyuki Daiko, Takeo Fujita
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)

Thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy (TLE) is a type of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for esophageal cancer which consists of thoracoscopic resection and laparoscopic reconstruction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the technical and oncological feasibility of alimentary tract reconstruction with laparoscopically assisted gastric pull-up (LAG) following thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position (TSEP) in comparison with reconstruction with open laparotomy gastric pull-up (OLG) following TSEP, to establish TLE with extended lymph node dissection as a standard operation for esophageal cancer.Sixty-four patients with esophageal cancer underwent TSEP with 3-field lymphadenectomy from 2008 through 2010: for reconstruction after TSEP, 31 patients underwent LAG, and 33 patients underwent OLG. We retrospectively evaluated the technical and oncological feasibility of TLE with 3-field lymphadenectomy and compared surgical outcomes after reconstruction with OLG and that with LAG.TLE with 3-field lymphadenectomy was successfully completed in 30 of 31 (97%) patients, and no surgery-related postoperative deaths occurred. No significant difference was found between LAG and OLG in the mean number of dissected abdominal lymph nodes, amount of blood loss, incidence of postoperative complications, mean postoperative hospital stay, restoration rate of respiratory function, or rate of complete resection or locoregional control, but the mean duration of abdominal procedures was significantly longer with LAG than with OLG.This study demonstrates that the quality and safety of surgery and the oncological effectiveness of LAG for esophageal cancer. TLE consisting of LAG following TSEP with extended lymph-node dissection is a feasible surgical technique for thoracic esophageal carcinoma.
Plasma clearance of carcinoembryonic antigen following hepatic metastatectomy.
Authors: J Lokich, S Ellenberg, B Gerson, W E Knox, N Zamcheck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Four patients with isolated hepatic metastases from primary colonic cancer presented with elevated plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and underwent surgical metastatectomy . Plasma levels were monitored at two to six hour intervals in the immediate postoperative period and daily measurements were obtained for an extended period thereafter, up to 34 days. CEA clearance demonstrated a two-phase decrement with an initial rapid decay followed by a logarithmic decline with plasma half-lives of 66, 75, 150, and 208 hours. The first phase decline of 63% to 89% in circulating CEA levels immediately following tumor removal may reflect the fact that the plasma CEA is in dynamic equilibrium with the tumor CEA. The kinetics of the second-phase decline of CEA is variable and may be related to the quantitative circulating pool or to pathophysiologic processes influencing CEA metabolism or secretion in the liver. Quantitative assessment of tumor CEA content by immunoperoxidase techniques suggests a direct relationship between tissue levels and circulating plasma levels. The study of CEA kinetics may help in understanding the biology of tumor marker production and improve the capacity for clinical monitoring of plasma levels in conjunction with tumor therapy.
Functional and psychosocial effects of multimodality limb-sparing therapy in patients with soft tissue sarcomas.
Authors: A E Chang, S M Steinberg, M Culnane, M H Lampert, A J Reggia, C G Simpson, J E Hicks, D E White, J J Yang, E Glatstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

We have documented functional and psychosocial changes in patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas who have undergone multimodality limb-sparing treatments. In 88 patients, parameters related to economic status, sexual activity, pain, limb function, and global quality of life (QOL) were recorded prior to surgery and every 6 months postoperatively. Changes from the preoperative assessment for every parameter were analyzed in each patient. Six months after surgery, there was a decrease in employment status, sexual activity, and in limb function in a significant number of patients. At 12 months, these decreases were still evident. Despite these changes, global QOL measured by a standardized test showed at least some improvement in a significant proportion of patients at 12 months. These findings highlight the difficulty in defining QOL. It could not be ascertained if radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy were causative factors in specific changes because of the small numbers of patients in each subgroup. However, among 60 patients with high-grade sarcomas, significant wound problems developed in 10 of 33 who received postoperative radiation therapy in combination with adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy compared with one of 27 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy alone (P = .016). Also, among high-grade sarcoma patients with 12-month follow-up, six of 19 patients who received radiation therapy and chemotherapy developed joint contractures compared with zero of 15 patients who received chemotherapy alone (P less than .04). The combination of postoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy appeared to be associated with significantly more tissue-related injury in patients with high-grade sarcomas compared with chemotherapy alone.
DOES FAILURE RUN IN FAMILIES?
Authors: ALBERT D. ULLMAN, HAROLD W. DEMONE, A. WARREN STEARNS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

The major findings of this study reinforce the hypothesis that failure to get along in our society is chiefly due to behavior disorder and thus is primarily a problem requiring individual rather than social therapy. In comparing patients of the Tewksbury State Hospital and Infirmary with their siblings, it was found that in 43.5% of the families the patient was the only member to have had any contacts with the police or welfare agencies. In other families there were additional members who were having trouble, but we very rarely saw a familial pattern of arrests and dependency. It is remarkable that 67% of the patients have probation as well as Social Service Index records, while only 13.6% of the siblings have probation records and 5.9% have both probation and Social Service Index records. Throughout our investigations we find the differences between patients and their siblings pointing out the superior adjustment of the sibling group in various phases of life. Thus the patients completed approximately a grade less of school than their siblings, fewer of them married, and when they did marry, they were less successful than their brothers and sisters. Whereas the siblings did about as well as their fathers with regard to occupational achievement, the patients represent a much lower level of attainment. As was indicated in One Thousand Unsuccessful Careers, the devastating effect of alcoholism in causing failure is an outstanding feature of our findings. The results obtained in this study would justify the conclusion that attempts to deal with dependency on a mass basis are doomed to failure. Only through programs involving the concept of personality disorder and its individual treatment can we hope to deal with the great problem of the failure of individuals to function in society.
International Consensus Conference on high-dose therapy with hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: Report of the jury
Authors: M.A. Shipp, M.D. Abeloff, K.H. Antman, G. Carroll, A. Hagenbeek, M. Loeffler, E. Montserrat, J.A. Radford, G. Salles, N. Schmitz, M. Symann, J.O. Armitage, B. Coiffier, T. Philip
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1999)
Statistics notes: Interaction 3: How to examine heterogeneity
Authors: J. N S Matthews, D. G Altman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Understanding how ecosystem engineers influence other organisms has long been a goal of ecologists. Woodpeckers select nesting sites with high food availability and will excavate and then abandon multiple cavities through their lifetime. These cavities are crucial to secondary cavity nesting birds (SCB) that are otherwise limited by the availability of naturally occurring cavities. Our study examined the role food resources have on the nest site location and home range size of woodpeckers, and the respective influence woodpeckers and the construction of cavities have on the nesting success of SCB. Using five years of avian point count data to locate golden-fronted woodpeckers (GFWO: <i>Melanerpes aurifrons</i>), we correlated insect availability with GFWO home range size and determined differences in insect availability between GFWO occupied and unoccupied sites, while recording nesting success (success: ≥ 1 fledgling) for the GFWO and common SCB in south Texas: Black-crested Titmouse (<i>Baeolophus atricristatus</i>), Ash-throated Flycatcher (<i>Myiarchus cinerascens</i>), Brown-crested Flycatcher (<i>Myiarchus tyrannulus</i>), and Bewick’s Wren (<i>Thryomanes bewickii</i>). We used model averaging to fit species-specific logistic regression models to predict nest success based on cavity metrics across all species. Sites occupied by GFWO had a higher biomass of insects in orders Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Orthoptera than unoccupied sites, and there was a negative correlation between the availability of these insect orders and home-range size. GFWO had increased nest success in trees with increased vegetation cover and lower levels of decay, whileSCB had higher levels of nesting success in abandoned GFWO cavities opposed to naturally occurring ones, and in trees with low decay. Our results suggest that SCB may be drawn to nest in abandoned woodpecker cavities where they have higher rates of nest success compared to natural cavities. Additionally, the prevalence for GFWO to excavate cavities in trees with lower levels of decay contradicts previous literature and may indicate a novel temperature trade-off, with live trees requiring more energy to excavate, but providing more protection from high breeding season temperatures in arid and semi-arid areas.
Effect of Steroids and Fluorinated Pyrimidines, Alone and in Combination, in a Lymphocytic Neoplasm, Sensitive and Resistant to Steroids in the Same Mouse&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Julia McCain Lampkin-Hibbard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Drugs were studied in mice that had P1798 subcutaneous tumors, sensitive and resistant to steroids in the same animal. The right side of the mouse was inoculated with the steroid-sensitive tumor and the left side with the steroid-resistant tumor. Steroids related to 9α-fluorohydrocortisone (9-AFH) caused striking regression of P1798 steroid-sensitive tumors at a dose of 25 mg per kg per day beginning on the 14th day after inoculation. Progressive growth of the 9-AFH-resistant tumors continued in the same host, which indicated cross-resistance with all steroids tested. 5-Fluorouracil (FU) given to mice in the same manner caused regression of the tumors resistant to steroids from 2.0 to 0.3 cm in 5 days (23 of 41 mice were negative on the left), but no regression on the right. When 15 mg per kg of FU was given every other day with treatment beginning on day 1, 44 percent of the mice bearing only the 9-AFH-resistant tumor were “cured.” When 15 mg per kg of 9-AFH and FU in combination were given on day 1 and then every other day, both sensitive and resistant neoplasms were inhibited on day 19 (100% of the mice were negative on both sides) compared with the control mice that had progressively growing neoplasms. Two groups of mice treated on this combination regimen showed an increase of survival, respectively, of 199 and 200 percent. The combination therapy of steroids and fluorouracil was better than any drug alone for prolonging the survival of mice bearing tumors sensitive and resistant to steroids. When either steroid or FU was given alone, the mice died of the tumor that was resistant. 5-Fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine and 5-fluoroorotic acid did not cause regression of well-established tumors but did inhibit steroid-resistant tumors when treatment started on day 1. 5-Fluorouridine did not cause regression of the well-established tumors either sensitive or resistant to steroids. The most effective steroid in causing striking inhibition of the P1798-sensitive tumor after a total dose of 67.5 mg per kg was 6α, 9α-difluoro-16-α-methyl-prednisolone.
A randomised cross-over clinical testing of portable oxygen concentrators in patients with COPD
Authors: Annabelle Couillard, Dan Veale, Didier Foret, Boris Melloni, Philippe Sauder, Jean-François Muir
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Portable oxygen concentrators (POC) deliver oxygen via intermittent demand valves (IDV). these merit comparison with standard continuous flow oxygen (CFO). We have performed a multicenter comparison of 4 POC in a cross over study in 74 patients with COPD (age = 67±10; FEV1 = 41±20% predicted). Each patient tested one of 4 POC at rest and during a six minute walk test (6MW), with oxygen saturation recording (SpO2). Noise and discomfort were evaluated by visual analogue scales (VAS).   Results:  Mean 6MW distance was 308m ±114 with POC and 315 m ±111 with CFO (p>0,06). However the distance walked with POC was clinically significantly less (by >10%) than CFO in 23% of patients and significantly better than CFO (by >10%) in 13,5% of patients. Dyspnoea during 6MW by VAS was identical for both types of device. 55,5% of patients had SpO2 fall with both devices and 27% no fall in SpO2. 13,5% had SpO2 fall with POC alone and 4% with CFO alone. Overall patients appreciate the POC because of security of oxygen supply. However, they judged POC oxygen delivery significantly less amenable and noisier than CFO.   Conclusion:  4 POC devices with demand valve oxygen delivery had similar efficacy to CFO devices but were noisier and less comfortable. Prescription of such devices needs to be individualized as regards settings for O2 delivery and patient comfort and lifestyle.