tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lower Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococci on U.S. Conventional Poultry Farms that Transitioned to Organic Practices
Authors: Amy R. Sapkota, R. Michael Hulet, Guangyu Zhang, Patrick McDermott, Erinna L. Kinney, Kellogg J. Schwab, Sam W. Joseph
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

In U.S. conventional poultry production, antimicrobials are used for therapeutic, prophylactic, and nontherapeutic purposes. Researchers have shown that this can select for antibiotic-resistant commensal and pathogenic bacteria on poultry farms and in poultry-derived products. However, no U.S. studies have investigated on-farm changes in resistance as conventional poultry farms transition to organic practices and cease using antibiotics.We investigated the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus on U.S. conventional poultry farms that transitioned to organic practices.Poultry litter, feed, and water samples were collected from 10 conventional and 10 newly organic poultry houses in 2008 and tested for Enterococcus. Enterococcus (n = 259) was identified using the Vitek® 2 Compact System and tested for susceptibility to 17 antimicrobials using the Sensititre™ microbroth dilution system. Data were analyzed using SAS software (version 9.2), and statistical associations were derived based on generalized linear mixed models.Litter, feed, and water samples were Enterococcus positive. The percentages of resistant Enterococcus faecalis and resistant Enterococcus faecium were significantly lower (p < 0.05) among isolates from newly organic versus conventional poultry houses for two (erythromycin and tylosin) and five (ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, penicillin, and tetracycline) antimicrobials, respectively. Forty-two percent of E. faecalis isolates from conventional poultry houses were multidrug resistant (MDR; resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes), compared with 10% of isolates from newly organic poultry houses (p = 0.02); 84% of E. faecium isolates from conventional poultry houses were MDR, compared with 17% of isolates from newly organic poultry houses (p < 0.001).Our findings suggest that the voluntary removal of antibiotics from large-scale U.S. poultry farms that transition to organic practices is associated with a lower prevalence of antibiotic-resistant and MDR Enterococcus.
Changes in collagen of synovial membrane in rheumatoid disease
Authors: C. R. Lovell, M. I. V. Jayson, A. J. Bailey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Heberden Society 539 measured by radioimmunoassay using sheep anti- PGE2-BSA.Drugs were added immediately before incubation using the following concentration ranges: indomethacin (0. 1 ng-10-0 ,ug/ml); aspirin (1 ng -100
Do Race and Ethnicity Play a Substantial Role in the Quality of Care That Patients Receive in the U.S. Health Care System?
Authors: Steven M. Hegedus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters6 January 2009Do Race and Ethnicity Play a Substantial Role in the Quality of Care That Patients Receive in the U.S. Health Care System?Steven M. Hegedus, MDSteven M. Hegedus, MDFrom Memphis Health Loop, Memphis, TN 38103.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-1-200901060-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Sloan (1) describes his patient Amanda Gonzalez and her struggle with a devastating illness, an unjust health care system, and medical error. Her story is tragic. Furthermore, the author speaks of bias in the care she received. Instead of prejudice, this story demonstrates a failing system as a cause of the patient's delays in care. Like the orthopedist and emergency department physician in Sloan's story, many others are trying to serve those with the greatest need. We are the physicians working on the front lines of a broken system. Individual racism certainly exists, but systems issues contribute ...Reference1. Sloan VS. The content of their character. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:142-3. [PMID: 18626055] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Memphis Health Loop, Memphis, TN 38103.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Content of Their Character Victor S. Sloan Do Race and Ethnicity Play a Substantial Role in the Quality of Care That Patients Receive in the U.S. Health Care System? Victor S. Sloan Metrics 6 January 2009Volume 150, Issue 1Page: 60KeywordsConflicts of interestHealth careHealth care qualityPatientsSurgeons ePublished: 6 January 2009 Issue Published: 6 January 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Renal Biopsy Diagnosis of Clinically Silent Multiple Myeloma
Authors: WAYNE A. BORDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Acute renal failure due to multiple myeloma is uncommon but may be the presenting feature of the disease. When it occurs, the underlying multiple myeloma is usually easily diagnosed by the presence of a serum M protein, hypercalcemia, skeletal pain, or typical bone lesions. We report here four cases of patients who, at the time they developed acute renal failure, had none of these findings nor any other historical or physical evidence of multiple myeloma. A renal biopsy in all four cases revealed the typical diagnostic features of "myeloma kidney" and led to confirmation of the diagnosis by bone marrow examination. Tamm-Horsfall protein was identified within myeloma casts and the glomerular urinary space, suggesting that tubular obstruction and retrograde urine flow precedes the development of "myeloma kidney" and acute renal failure.
Evaluation of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma comparing standard therapies with a novel regimen including autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Michal Sieniawski, Nithia Angamuthu, Kathryn Boyd, Richard Chasty, John Davies, Peter Forsyth, Fergus Jack, Simon Lyons, Philip Mounter, Paul Revell, Stephen J. Proctor, Anne L. Lennard
Journal: Blood (2010)
Uterine Cancer Detection With Self-Obtained Cytological Specimens: A Progress Report
Authors: R. R. J. Hilker, L. A. Carrow, P. R. Eggum, R. H. Elesh
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1966)

niques, deaths from carcinoma of the cervix could practically be eliminated.To study the applicability and the ac curacy of the test a grant was secured from the Illinois Division of the Ameri can Cancer Society and from the De partment of Public Health of the State of Illinois.The cytological examina tions were performed at Chicago Wesley Hospital.The management of Illinois Bell Telephone Company gave its en thusiastic support to the project which began in February, 1965.Letters were sent to various levels of management announcing the project, and folders made available to all women employees able to come to the medical department.Employee acceptance gen erally has been very good.All positive smears are biopsied by Dr. Leon Carrow, Obstetrics and Gyne cology Department, Northwestern Med ical School.Dr. Carrow is also associate director and pathologist for the project.The directions to the women have been easy to follow, apparently.We find, however, that women tend to keep the specimen several days before mailing it.This initially accounted for a high number of unsatisfactory specimens.We had some difficulty with the lab oratory during the first 500 specimens.Staining techniques were not good or consistent.We, unfortunately, had only 1 cytotechnician and several days were spent in the preparation of a slide.This further increased the cellular de
Role of resistin in diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance
Authors: Evan D. Muse, Silvana Obici, Sanjay Bhanot, Brett P. Monia, Robert A. McKay, Michael W. Rajala, Philipp E. Scherer, Luciano Rossetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Resistin is an adipose-derived hormone postulated to link adiposity to insulin resistance. To determine whether resistin plays a causative role in the development of diet-induced insulin resistance, we lowered circulating resistin levels in mice by use of a specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASO) directed against resistin mRNA and assessed in vivo insulin action by the insulin-clamp technique. After 3 weeks on a high-fat (HF) diet, mice displayed severe insulin resistance associated with an approximately 80% increase in plasma resistin levels. In particular, the rate of endogenous glucose production (GP) increased more than twofold compared with that in mice fed a standard chow. Treatment with the resistin ASO for 1 week normalized the plasma resistin levels and completely reversed the hepatic insulin resistance. Importantly, in this group of mice, the acute infusion of purified recombinant mouse resistin, designed to acutely elevate the levels of circulating resistin up to those observed in the HF-fed mice, was sufficient to reconstitute hepatic insulin resistance. These results provide strong support for a physiological role of resistin in the development of hepatic insulin resistance in this model.
Antenatal diagnosis: what is 'standard?'
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Evolving Role of Histology in the Management of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Corey J. Langer, Benjamin Besse, Antonio Gualberto, Elizabeth Brambilla, Jean-Charles Soria
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Until recently, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was treated as a single disease despite recognition of its histologic and molecular heterogeneity. Recent clinical trials, however, demonstrate that histology is an important factor for individualizing treatment, based on either safety or efficacy outcomes. For example, the labeling of the licensed agents bevacizumab and pemetrexed is restricted to patients with nonsquamous cell NSCLC. For bevacizumab, this restriction is due to an apparent association between squamous cell histology and severe pulmonary hemorrhage, whereas for pemetrexed, superior treatment effects have been observed in patients with nonsquamous cell histology. Given fewer agents are both active and tolerable in patients with squamous cell carcinoma compared with adenocarcinoma, and the nature of this particular phenotype of NSCLC, new drugs are needed for this histology. In this new histology-based treatment era, questions persist. Can pathology accurately distinguish the histologic subtypes of NSCLC? Can we use cytologic diagnosis? In the future, will molecular profiling of tumors trump histologic analysis? Herein we describe how therapy for NSCLC is evolving on the basis of a better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying NSCLC histologic heterogeneity and tumorigenesis.
Submission to multiple journals to reduce publication times
Authors: Birte Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2005)

a banner headline on the front page of a popular tabloid newspaper read: "Cancer danger of folic acid" on the basis of a paper by Charles et al on taking folate in pregnancy and risk of maternal breast cancer. 1 2 Although coverage in the broadsheets was more balanced, the overall message would inevitably cause concern to women taking folate to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defect in a desired pregnancy.Despite the likelihood that the most likely explanation for the reported association is chance, as reported in the commentary to the paper, 2 numerous susceptible women will probably not take folate, and some of these may conceive fetuses with neural tube defects.In addition, what company or government will take responsibility for fortification of wheat and corn flour with folate, now that this question has been raised?The authors themselves point out that the numbers are small and the confidence intervals large.The risk was also associated with a much larger dose of folate than is routinely used to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.Those who write such papers and those who publish them cannot disclaim ethical responsibility for how the data are interpreted and must consider more carefully their ethical responsibilities in such situations.
Three-dimensional structure of the rat small intestinal mucoas related to mucosal dynamics. 3. Mucosal structure and dynamics in the rat infested with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.
Authors: C A Loehry, B Creamer
Journal: Gut (1969)

An increased rate of epithelial cell production was demonstrated in lactating rats.This caused hyperplasia of the villi and at the same time increased prominence of the intervillous ridges.
The Powerful Placebo and the Wizard of Oz
Authors: John C. Bailar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Some myths really ought to be true. We react with surprise and pleasure when we encounter them and then believe them when they neatly and comfortably help to explain some confusing aspect of our world. Thereafter, evidence against them is unwelcome and not to be trusted. But some such myths are flawed and misleading.John Snow has been widely credited with stopping a cholera epidemic in 1854. He noticed that the disease was prevalent among Londoners who drank from a well supplied by one water company but not among those who drank from the well of another company, and he . . .
The Complications of 'Ecstasy' (MDMA)
Authors: Jamyl Alrazi
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Brown and Osterloh,<sup>1</sup>in a recent letter inTHE JOURNAL, reported a nearly fatal toxic reaction to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The estimated dose of MDMA administered was 100 to 150 mg and the blood levels, measured at one and two hours after hospital admission, were 6500 and 7000 ng/mL, respectively. Before MDMA became a Schedule 1 drug on July 1, 1985,<sup>2</sup>it was used in doses of 100 to 150 mg by some psychiatrists who claimed that it was effective as a psychotropic catalyst and a sensory disinhibitor; at these doses, no toxic effects were reported. (The experiment was performed on March 12, 1985, before the scheduling of MDMA and was carried out by one of us [J.A.] in partial requirement for the degree of Doctor of Physiology.) At that time, we carried out a controlled study of MDMA metabolism and disposition in a single
Insecurity about progression is an added stress for senior house officers
Authors: C. S B Galasko, B. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Summary</h3> The Metagenomic Intra-Species Diversity Analysis System (MIDAS) is a scalable metagenomic pipeline that identifies single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and gene copy number variants (CNVs) in microbial populations. Here, we present MIDAS2, which addresses the computational challenges presented by increasingly large reference genome databases, while adding functionality for building custom databases and leveraging paired-end reads to improve SNV accuracy. This fast and scalable reengineering of the MIDAS pipeline enables thousands of metagenomic samples to be efficiently genotyped. <h3>Availability and Implementation</h3> The source code is available at https://github.com/czbiohub/MIDAS2. The documentation is available at https://midas2.readthedocs.io/en/latest/. <h3>Supplementary Information</h3> Supplementary data are available at <i>Bioinformatics</i> online.
Stent-Induced Expression and Activation of the Leukocyte Integrin Mac-1 Is Associated With Neointimal Thickening and Restenosis
Authors: Teruo Inoue, Toshihiko Uchida, Isao Yaguchi, Yoshihiko Sakai, Kan Takayanagi, Shigenori Morooka
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Increased expression of the β 2 integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, α M β 2 ), which is responsible for firm leukocyte adhesion to platelets and fibrinogen at injured vessels, is found in association with neointimal hyperplasia after coronary interventions. The role of Mac-1 in the pathophysiology of restenosis is incompletely defined. To clarify further the role of Mac-1, we determined whether coronary stenting induced activation of Mac-1, which is required for high-affinity receptor-ligand interactions. Methods and Results— Expression of CD11b (α-subunit of Mac-1) and binding of 8B2 (monoclonal antibody against an activation-dependent neoepitope of Mac-1) on the surface of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were analyzed in 62 patients undergoing coronary stenting using flow cytometric analysis of whole blood obtained from the coronary sinus and femoral vein. Transcardiac CD11b expression increased significantly at 24 hours and maximally at 48 hours after stenting; 8B2 began to increase at 10 minutes and was maximally increased at 48 hours after stenting. These changes were more prominent in patients with subsequent restenosis. Multiple regression analysis showed that the late lumen loss by quantitative coronary angiographic analysis was independently correlated with the CD11b increase ( R =0.42, P &lt;0.01) and the 8B2 increase ( R =0.55, P &lt;0.001) 48 hours after the procedure. Mac-1 activation, as assessed by 8B2 binding, was the most powerful predictor of late lumen loss. Conclusion— Coronary stenting produced upregulation and early activation of the leukocyte integrin Mac-1, which is associated with late lumen loss and restenosis. These data support a role for inflammation in neointimal thickening and suggest the validity of targeting leukocyte recruitment for preventing clinical restenosis.
Fables of the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Jordan Grafman, Arnaud Partiot, Caroline Hollnagel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract On the basis of neuroiinaging studies, Posner &amp; Raichle summarily report that the prefrontal cortex is involved in executive functioning and attention. In contrast to that superficial view, we briefly describe a testable model of the kinds of representations that are stored in prefrontal cortex, which, when activated, are expressed via plans, actions, thematic knowledge, and schemas.
Impaired liver regeneration of steatotic rats after portal vein ligation: A particular emphasis on 99mTc-DISIDA scintigraphy and adiponectin signaling
Authors: Ing-Tsung Hsiao, Kun-Ju Lin, Shi-Ing Chang, Tzu-Chen Yen, Tse-Ching Chen, Ta-Sen Yeh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Duration of storage of patients' records
Authors: G W H Jardine
Journal: BMJ (1991)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> The purpose of this study was to measure the content and comprehensiveness of pregnancy specific smoking cessation strategies within managed care organisations (MCOs) responding affirmatively to the national 1997-98 Addressing Tobacco in Managed Care (ATMC) survey. <h3>DESIGN</h3> This cross sectional follow up study consisted of a fax survey sent to medical directors and a 37 question telephone survey of program overseers about the smoking cessation strategy. <h3>SUBJECTS</h3> 147 MCOs identifying a pregnancy specific smoking cessation strategy on the 1997-98 ATMC survey served as the initial sample; 88 MCOs of 128 eligible plans completed both components, with a response rate of 69%. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Pregnancy specific smoking cessation strategies varied. 40% of respondents used the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines for clinical smoking cessation to design their strategy. Strategies included self help materials, quit classes, telephone support and brief counselling by providers, linkages to quality improvement efforts, and use of patient databases for outreach. Only 42% offered a postpartum relapse prevention element. Lack of patient interest, competing clinic priorities, and the lack of a smoker identification system were the most problematic barriers to implementing strategies, common to at least a quarter of respondents. A majority ranked best practice manuals and web site linkages as the most useful form of technical assistance, followed by peer-to-peer counselling, regional workshops, newsletters, on-site assistance, and national conferences. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The survey provides the first profile of prenatal tobacco treatment strategies in managed care. While design limitations prevent generalisation of these results to all MCOs, such information can help guide technical assistance to plans interested in reducing smoking among pregnant women.
Less Maligned, but Cut From the Same Cloth, Other Silicone Implants Also Have Adverse Effects
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE CURRENT controversy over silicone runs deeper than the problem of breast implants that rupture or bleed through their silicone shells ( JAMA . 1992;267:2439-2442). At the heart of the controversy is the body's reaction to the polymer that for three decades has been championed as inert, noncytotoxic, and biocompatible.  As a class of materials, silicone polymers are considered nontoxic in both animal and tissue culture studies. Millions of patients worldwide have received silicone implants, yet many researchers say that the long-term biocompatibility of silicone has never been thoroughly established scientifically. Only recently has the Food and Drug Administration begun to require the manufacturers of silicone breast, penile, and testicular implants to submit data from rigorous trials ( JAMA . 1992;267:2578-2579).  However these scientific questions are resolved, the result is likely to influence the fate not only of breast implants, but also the entire gamut of implants and devices that contain silicone.  Since the
Ureteral Obstruction and Hydronephrosis Related to Methysergide Maleate
Authors: Hoyt B. Miles
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Clinical experience with any new drug substantiates the fact that physicians must remain alert to any unusual adverse reaction. Recent studies suggest that some cases of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis may be produced by the long-term ingestion of methysergide maleate (Sansert).<sup>1-5</sup>The present communication reports a case in which this drug apparently produced a reversible vasculitis involving the iliac vessels with secondary ureteral obstruction, bilateral hydronephrosis, and diminution of renal function. <h3>Report of a Case:</h3> A 43-year-old white woman was seen on June 9, 1966, for a nontraumatic, painful swelling of the left foot and ankle. This had been present for approximately five weeks and had not responded to conservative treatment by another physician. X-ray and physical examination revealed no other abnormalities. During the following weeks, progressive intermittent chest and left arm pain developed, similar to angina, in addition to abdominal and back discomfort, and finally, urgency,