tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 823: Water-soluble ureidomustine (BO-1055) potently suppresses orthotopic 22Rv/HL2 prostate tumor xenografts: early preclinical studies
Authors: Tsann-Long Su, Yi-Ren Chen, Jae-Hung Shieh, Tung-Hu Tsai, Malcolm A.S. Moore, Te-Chang Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract In developed countries, prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of death in men. PCa often recurs and metastasizes after an initial response to hormone therapy. Once PCa progresses to the castration-resistant stage, it becomes incurable. New and effective agents against PCa are therefore urgently needed. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antitumor activity of ureidomustine (BO-1055), which is a chemically stable and water-soluble phenyl N-mustard-benzamide conjugate previously synthesized from our laboratory. We previously demonstrated that ureidomustine exhibited potent therapeutic efficacy in nude mice bearing various human tumor xenografts, such as human colon cancer HCT-116 and prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 xenografts (subcutaneous implantation), inhibiting growth by &amp;gt;95% and &amp;gt;99%, respectively. To broaden the antitumor spectrum of this agent, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of ureidomustine in nude mice bearing 22Rv/HL2 human PCa tumors implanted at an orthotopic site. The results showed that ureidomustine was as efficacious as docetaxel (&amp;gt;92% tumor suppression) and more potent than carboplatin (62% suppression) against 22Rv/HL2 PCa tumors in an orthotopic xenograft model. It revealed that ureidomustine exhibited low toxicity in mice, with no apparent pathological changes. We also studied the cytotoxicity of ureidomustine against normal murine cells and human hematopoietic stem cells (cord blood CD34+). The results showed that this agent exhibited low cytotoxicity against human hematopoietic stem cells (cord blood CD34+), primary human endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (BSC). Moreover, we performed the early preclinical studies including pharmacokinetics in rats, rat plasma protein binding, metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes, the 14 day intravenous acute toxicity in mice, and the biodistribution in rat, to determine whether this agent is a candidate for future clinical studies. The results indicate that ureidomustine is as potent as docetaxel against 22Rv/HL2 PCa cells in orthotopic xenograft models with low toxicity. In addition, this agent has low toxicity to human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and stromal cells such as BM-derived endothelial cells (BMEC) and MSC. Furthermore, early preclinical studies (ADME) suggest that ureidomustine has high potential for the treatment of advanced PCa in the clinic. Citation Format: Tsann-Long Su, Yi-Ren Chen, Jae-Hung Shieh, Tung-Hu Tsai, Malcolm A.S. Moore, Te-Chang Lee. Water-soluble ureidomustine (BO-1055) potently suppresses orthotopic 22Rv/HL2 prostate tumor xenografts: early preclinical studies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 823. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-823
Testosterone Levels for Evaluation of Androgen Deficiency
Authors: Shehzad Basaria
Journal: JAMA (2015)

A 54-year-old man with hypertension and diabetes presented to the endocrinology clinic with a 5-month history of fatigue, weight gain, interrupted sleep, and daytime somnolence. He has normal libido but experiences occasional erectile dysfunction, which is being successfully managed with a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. His other medications include metformin and amlodipine. He is married, has 3 children, and reports a sedentary lifestyle. He recently heard on the radio that his symptoms might be due to “low T.” One month ago, he saw his primary care physician and requested measurement of his testosterone level. His morning total testosterone level (measured by mass spectrometry) was 279 ng/dL (normal reference range for this laboratory, 300-900 ng/dL), prompting his referral. On physical examination, his body mass index was 34.7 (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).He was not cushingoid and his visual fields were normal. Acanthosis nigricans was noticed on the neck. There was no gynecomastia. His testes were normal in size. His muscle strength was normal. Relevant laboratory tests, including repeat morning total testosterone assessed in an endocrinology clinic, are reported in Table.
Abstract P4-06-07: Expression of growth hormone releasing hormone receptor ( GHRH-R ) in primary and metastatic mammary carcinomas
Authors: Mehrad Nadji, Norman L Block, Andrew V Shally, Jonathan Lara, Rick Michaelson, Suhail M Ali, Kim Leitzel, Syed M Rizvi, Mhd Yaser Al-Marrawi, Allan Lipton
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract In addition to its nominative function as a neurohormone acting on the pituitary, Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) has been shown to modify the growth behavior of numerous cancers, including breast. GHRH is produced by tumor cells, acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner, and requires the presence of GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) on the tumor cells to exert its effects. As this work has been done predominantly on tumor cell lines and xenografts, we set out to examine the clinical analog. Matched primary and metachronous metastases from 50 breast cancers were included in this study of GHRH-R in breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry for GHRH-R (AbCam) was performed on paraffin sections and the staining results were assessed semi quantitatively from 0 (negative) to 3+ (strongly positive). A section from normal pituitary was used as positive control. Forty-three of the primary breast cancers (86%) that ultimately relapsed or metastasized showed moderate to strong immunohistochemical expression of GHRH-R. Tumors from the metastatic foci also showed strong immunoreactivity in 78%, 71%, and 44% of liver, brain, and bone foci, respectively. The lower intensity of staining in bone samples may be due to the effect of the decalcification process routinely performed before staining. Whenever present, the non-neoplastic glands adjacent to breast tumors showed either negative or 1+ reaction for GHRH-R. We conclude that the great majority of mammary carcinomas at primary and metastatic sites express GHRH-R. This finding could potentially serve as a basis for therapeutic approaches using peptide receptor antagonists. By receptor blockade using GHRH receptor antagonists, with minimal pharmacologic side-effects, we have been able to control the growth in a number of tumor cell lines (HCC1806, MDAMB468, MDAMB435S, MCF7, T47D, HCC1937, BT474, and MX1s). Based on the presence of GHRH receptors in these clinical tumors, we conclude that clinical trials evaluating GHRH receptor antagonists are indicated. Citation Format: Mehrad Nadji, Norman L Block, Andrew V Shally, Jonathan Lara, Rick Michaelson, Suhail M Ali, Kim Leitzel, Syed M Rizvi, Mhd Yaser Al-Marrawi, Allan Lipton. Expression of growth hormone releasing hormone receptor ( GHRH-R ) in primary and metastatic mammary carcinomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-07.
Pulmonary function tests, exercise capacity and health status in GOLD A, B, C, D groups
Authors: Elif Sen, Fatma Ciftci, Gokcen Arkan, Duygu Acar, Pinar Onen, Banu Gulbay, Oznur Yildiz, Turan Acican, Sevgi Saryal, Gulseren Karabiyikoglu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

INTRODUCTION: The assessment of COPD aims to determine the severity,its impacts on the health status,the risk of future events.This study aimed to measure pulmonary function tests,exercise capacity in GOLD A,B,C,D groups. METHODS: 93 male, 7 female COPD patients were included.Spirometric expiratory flow, plethysmographic lung volumes, arterial blood gases measurements and six minute walking tests were performed.Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS 11.0 package program. RESULTS: Mean FVC,FEV1%,FEV1/FVC, RV%, RV/TLC, PaO2, PaCO2, 6 minute walking distance were significantly different.Mean age,BMI,pack-year,TLC,pH were not different between A,B,C,D groups  .Negative correlations were found between CAT scores and FEV1(r=-0,31,p=0,001),FEV1/FVC(r=-0,28,p=0,01),PaO2(r=-0,23,p=0,03),6 minute walking distance(r=-0,26,p=0,01). CONCLUSION: It was shown that expiratory flow measurements,lung volumes,arterial blood gases,exercise capacity may differ between A,B,C,D groups.CAT scores was negatively correlated with expiratory flow limitation, hypoxemia and exercise capacity.The pathophysiologic effects of COPD may have significant differences between groups in this approach of the disease evaluation.
A paternally expressed QTL affecting skeletal and cardiac muscle mass in pigs maps to the IGF2 locus
Authors: Jin-Tae Jeon, Örjan Carlborg, Anna Törnsten, Elisabetta Giuffra, Valerie Amarger, Patrick Chardon, Lena Andersson-Eklund, Kjell Andersson, Ingemar Hansson, Kerstin Lundström, Leif Andersson
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Bacterial coinfections in lung tissue specimens from fatal cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) - United States, May-August 2009.
Authors: J. Louie, C. Jean, T. H. Chen, S. Park, R. Ueki, T. Harper, E. Chmara, J. Myers, R. Stoppacher, C. Catanese, N. Farley, E. Leis, C. DiAngelo, A. M. Fry, L. Finelli, M. G. Carvalho, B. Beall, M. Moore, C. Whitney, D. M. Blau
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2009)
Clonidine for Patients with Rapid Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Arie Roth, Edo Kaluski, Shlomo Felner, Karin Heller, Shlomo Laniado
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To determine whether clonidine can slow ventricular rate in patients with rapid atrial fibrillation. Design: Randomized, controlled trial, with a 4-hour follow-up period. Setting: Emergency room of a university hospital. Patients: A consecutive sample of 18 hemodynamically stable patients who were evaluated or treated for rapid atrial fibrillation. Exclusion criteria included acute or terminal illness; current use of antiarrhythmic agents, calcium-channel blockers, or beta-blockers; excessive hypertension; pulmonary, valvular, or pericardial disease; and electrolyte imbalance. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either "no treatment" (control group) or clonidine, 0.075 mg orally, at baseline and after 2 hours if heart rate did not decrease by at least 20%. Measurements: Blood pressure was measured by the same nurse in the same arm for 4 consecutive hours, and a full 12-lead electrocardiographic evaluation was done. Main Results: Heart rate decreased to below 100 beats/min in eight of nine patients receiving clonidine compared with two of nine patients in the control group. The difference in the mean decreases in heart rate was 38 beats/min (95% Cl, 20 to 56 beats/min). Six patients who were treated with clonidine and one patient in the control group reverted to normal sinus rhythm. Systolic blood pressure decreased slightly in both groups, without significant differences. Clinical follow-up was uneventful. Conclusion: Low-dose clonidine was an easy, efficient, and effective treatment for patients with rapid atrial fibrillation who were hemodynamically stable.
Temporal Trends in and Factors Associated With Bleeding Complications Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Sumeet Subherwal, Eric D. Peterson, David Dai, Laine Thomas, John C. Messenger, Ying Xian, Ralph G. Brindis, Dmitriy N. Feldman, Shaun Senter, Lloyd W. Klein, Steven P. Marso, Matthew T. Roe, Sunil V. Rao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 13278: Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Giant Left Atrium
Authors: Ho Jin Kim, Joon Bum Kim, Sung-Ho Jung, Suk Jung Choo, Cheol Hyun Chung, Jae Won Lee
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: As the efficacy of surgical ablation in the elimination of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been reported suboptimal in patients with giant left atrium (LA), its routine performance on this cohort has been debated.

Methods: By reviewing our institutional database, we identified 759 patients (mean age, 55.3 years; 415 females) undergoing mitral valve (MV) surgery in the presence of giant LA (>60mm) and AF from 1999 through 2012. Of these, 400 underwent concomitant AF ablation (Maze group), whereas AF was left untreated surgically in the remaining 359 patients (No-Maze group). To reduce the impact of selection bias, propensity score analyses was performed based on 25 baseline covariates.

Results: Median follow-up period was 90.0 months (Quartile 1-3, 43.6-124.2 months). Freedom from postoperative AF recurrence at 5 years was 65.0% in the Maze group and 8.6% in the No-Maze group (P<0.001). After adjustment, the Maze group showed significantly lower risks of death (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44-0.98; P=0.038), thromboembolic events (HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.09-0.58; P=0.002) and the composite of adverse outcomes (death, heart failure and valve-related complications; HR, 0.55; 95% CI 0.42-0.71; P<0.001) compared with the No-Maze group. In subgroup analyses, AF ablation showed superior survival and event-free survival in most subgroups compared to surgeries without AF ablation (Figure). On long-term echocardiographic assessment (n=651; median follow-up, 59.4 months; quartile 1-3, 23.9-85.5 months), the Maze group showed superior left ventricle ejection fraction (58.5% vs. 55.3%; P<0.001) and tricuspid function (tricuspid regurgitation ≥ moderate: 10.1% vs. 19.6%, P<0.001) compared with the No-Maze group.

Conclusions: Concomitant AF surgical ablation improved postoperative rhythm status, clinical outcomes and cardiac function in patients with giant LA undergoing MV surgery. Our study findings strongly suggest combining AF ablation even in patients with giant LA.

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Medical Therapies for Adult Chronic Sinusitis
Authors: Luke Rudmik, Zachary M. Soler
Journal: JAMA (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Chronic sinusitis is a common inflammatory condition defined by persistent symptomatic inflammation of the sinonasal cavities lasting longer than 3 months. It accounts for 1% to 2% of total physician encounters and is associated with large health care expenditures. Appropriate use of medical therapies for chronic sinusitis is necessary to optimize patient quality of life (QOL) and daily functioning and minimize the risk of acute inflammatory exacerbations. <h3>Objective</h3> To summarize the highest-quality evidence on medical therapies for adult chronic sinusitis and provide an evidence-based approach to assist in optimizing patient care. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> A systematic review searched Ovid MEDLINE (1947-January 30, 2015), EMBASE, and Cochrane Databases. The search was limited to randomized clinical trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Evidence was categorized into maintenance and intermittent or rescue therapies and reported based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps. <h3>Findings</h3> Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria: 12 meta-analyses (&gt;60 RCTs), 13 systematic reviews, and 4 RCTs that were not included in any of the meta-analyses. Saline irrigation improved symptom scores compared with no treatment (standardized mean difference [SMD], 1.42 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.84]; a positive SMD indicates improvement). Topical corticosteroid therapy improved overall symptom scores (SMD, −0.46 [95% CI, −0.65 to −0.27]; a negative SMD indicates improvement), improved polyp scores (SMD, −0.73 [95% CI, −1.0 to −0.46]; a negative SMD indicates improvement), and reduced polyp recurrence after surgery (relative risk, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.79]). Systemic corticosteroids and oral doxycycline (both for 3 weeks) reduced polyp size compared with placebo for 3 months after treatment (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Leukotriene antagonists improved nasal symptoms compared with placebo in patients with nasal polyps (<i>P</i> &lt; .01). Macrolide antibiotic for 3 months was associated with improved QOL at a single time point (24 weeks after therapy) compared with placebo for patients without polyps (SMD, −0.43 [95% CI, −0.82 to −0.05]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Evidence supports daily high-volume saline irrigation with topical corticosteroid therapy as a first-line therapy for chronic sinusitis. A short course of systemic corticosteroids (1-3 weeks), short course of doxycycline (3 weeks), or a leukotriene antagonist may be considered in patients with nasal polyps. A prolonged course (3 months) of macrolide antibiotic may be considered for patients without polyps.
PROSTATITIS—A CAUSE OF ACUTE OR RECURRENT ABDOMINAL PAIN
Authors: Harry Freund
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1942)

Article1 July 1942PROSTATITIS—A CAUSE OF ACUTE OR RECURRENT ABDOMINAL PAINHARRY FREUND, M.D.HARRY FREUND, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-17-1-41 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAbdominal pain, when acute, is a symptom which frequently presents a baffling diagnostic problem. If the pain is chronic, this problem often becomes even more perplexing. In a series of six patients coming under my observation, each presenting abdominal pain as his major complaint, the usual causes for such pain were not apparently operative in any case. However, a thorough physical examination showed each to have an inflammatory process residing in the prostate. This finding was confirmed by the presence of definite pus in the expressed secretions of the gland, and, in each instance, no other objective findings were noted...Reference1. WESSON MB: Symptoms of non-venereal acute and chronic prostatitis, Jr. Urol., 1938, xxxix, 135-144. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brooklyn, New York*Received for publication April 29, 1940. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1942Volume 17, Issue 1Page: 41-44KeywordsAbdominal pain ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1942 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4016: Selenium and Zinc Deficient Cardiomyopathy in Human Intestinal Malabsorption
Authors: Andrea Frustaci, Enrico Sabbioni, Salvador Fortaner, Massimo Farina, Riccardo del Torchio, Paolo Severino, Carlos Centurion, Romina Verardo, Marco Tafani, Maria Rosa Ciriolo, Matteo A Russo, Cristina Chimenti
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Patients with intestinal malabsorption may develop cardiac arrhythmias and/or dysfunction which origin is often elusive. Methods: Five patients (5F, mean age 23±7 ys) with celiac diseas...
Abstract 19: Dietary Lipophilic Load and Dietary Lipophilic Index with Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Middle-Aged Women: Beyond Conventional Fat Classifications
Authors: Eric L Ding, Katerina M De Vito, Hongyu Wu, Qi Sun, An Pan, Hannia Campos, Eilis J O'Reilly, JoAnn E Manson
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Studies indicate dietary types of fats are associated with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Traditional broad classifications may incompletely capture the diversity of fatty acids on CHD. The novel lipid index Dietary Lipophilic Load (DLL) reflects a unique combination of fatty acid fluidity, intermolecular attraction, plus relative fat quantity, while Dietary Lipophilic Index (DLI) is a measure of average fat fluidity, regardless of fat quantity. Thus, we evaluated the association, DLL and DLI, with risk of incident CHD. METHODS: Participants included 30,932 women in the Women’s Health Study (WHS), who were free of major chronic diseases at baseline. DLL was calculated by weighted summation of the multiplicative product of each fatty acid’s intakes (g/day) and its melting points (Celcius); DLI was calculated by dividing DLL by total fat intake (g/day). Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for established risk factors, with updated dietary data, and potential mediators. We also investigated hypothesized interactions with C-Reactive Protein (CRP). RESULTS: There were 1137 cases of incident CHD in 525,828 person-years over 19 years follow-up. At baseline in over 27,000 women with blood samples, DLL and DLI were not correlated with serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HbA1c, ICAM-1, or CRP biomarkers (r&lt;0.02 for all). In overall multivariate analysis, DLL was associated with higher risk of CHD (extreme quintile HR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.11-1.76, P trend=0.0002), while DLI was not (HR=0.83, 95%CI: 0.67-1.03, P trend=0.75). DLL results were independent beyond adjustment for dietary trans, saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats, nor their aggregate adjustment or the P:S ratio. DLL effects persisted even adjusting for CRP (HR=1.29, P-trend=1 mg/dL for DLL (extreme quintile HR=1.38, 1.02-1.88), than among individuals with low CRP &lt;1 mg/dl for DLL (HR=1.08, 0.68-1.72), with P-interaction&lt;0.0001. Furthermore, CRP also modified DLI, where effects again diverged among higher CRP (HR=0.98, 0.73-1.31) versus low CRP (HR=0.45, 0.27-0.74), with P-interaction&lt;0.0001. Moreover, adjustment of triglycerides, HbA1c, ICAM-1, LDL or HDL cholesterol also did not materially affect overall results. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that DLL is associated with increased risk of incident CHD, independent of traditional risk factors, conventional dietary fat classifications, and major CHD biomarkers. Effects of DLL and DLI appear to be modified by levels of CRP. DLL appears to be an important novel dietary fat index that captures additional CHD risk information beyond biomarkers and traditional dietary fat categories. Further studies are warranted.
Cytokine gene expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: evidence of constitutive interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA expression and secretion of biologically active IL-8 protein
Authors: PF di Celle, A Carbone, D Marchis, D Zhou, S Sozzani, S Zupo, M Pini, A Mantovani, R Foa
Journal: Blood (1994)
Current Pediatric Diagnosis Treatment.
Authors: William W. Hay
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

This reference covers information on the ambulatory and inpatient medical care of children from birth through infancy and adolescence. It includes new chapters on Information Technology in Paediatric Practice and Bioterrorism. Other topics include the newborn infant, child development and behaviour, child and adolescent psychiatric disorders and psychosocial aspects of paediatrics, the eye, emergencies and injuries, genetics and dysmorphology, immunization, and inborn errors of metabolism.