tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COMPLICATIONS IN ELECTRIC SHOCK THERAPY
Authors: LOUIS LOWINGER, JAMES H. HUDDLESON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

Therapeutic electric shocks produce some reversible cortical changes, probably together with some irreversible neuronal degeneration and gliosis. The typical memory losses are generally recoverable, and the diversified EEG disturbances tend to disappear in several months. According to reports in the literature, the neuronal discharge may have other effects than the intended grand mal: cardiac arrest, autonomic disorders, status epilepticus, or manic delirium. Regardless of operating technique, reported rate of compression fracture of a vertebral body vary from 0.5 percent of cases, to 20 percent with routine X-raying. Many compressions will remain undiscovered unless spines are routinely X-rayed post-shock. Compression spinal fractures are clinically inconsequential. The humerus, or more rarely some other bony structure, is occasionally fractured; to these instances the technique of shocking seems relevant. Dislocation at the shoulder or mandibular joint should be technically preventable. Arterial hypertension may be aggravated by electroshock, and myocardial insufficiencies can lead to a fatal outcome. Curare attenuates the convulsive violence but may add new dangers; its drawbacks are still under scrutiny. Aspiration during the coma has been deemed responsible for complicating lung abscesses. Liability to pulmonary complications probably has other unknown causes. Post-shock pneumonias have not always been charged to the therapy. The published mortality rates appear over-optimistic.
Differing Scintigraphic Patterns of Lumboperitoneal Shunt Dynsfunction in Patients With Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Pseudotumor Cerebri
Authors: RAASHID ASHRAF, SAMUEL SOSTRE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The scintigraphic patterns of dysfunctioning lumboperitoneal shunts (LPS) may vary with the underlying disease. The authors reviewed 22 LPS studies performed on 15 patients during the past 2 years and correlated the findings with the patency status of the shunt as determined by brain CT/MRI and surgical revision. Most of the patients also had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure monitoring. Fifteen studies were performed in patients with LPS for the treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and 7 were performed in patients with LPS for pseudotumor cerebri (PTC). After intrathecal administration of 0.5-1 mCi of In-111 DTPA, sequential 1 minute images of the abdomen were obtained for 20 minutes. Static images of the abdomen were then obtained at 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours with imaging of the head at 4 and 24 hours. All NPH patients with partial obstruction had tracer activity in the peritoneal cavity with little or no shunt tubing visualization. However, all had marked penetration of the tracer into the lateral ventricles. Pseudotumor cerebri patients with partial obstruction also showed tracer entry into the peritoneal cavity. Shunt tubing and tracer extravasation into the needle tract, at the site of lumbar puncture was seen only in patients of PTC, probably because of high intracranial pressure. Although the tracer flowed quickly into the basal cistern in all patients with PTC, it entered the lateral ventricles. Complete shunt obstruction was characterized by nonvisualization of activity in the peritoneal cavity and flow of the tracer into the basal cistern within 1 hour after injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transfer Factor Therapy in a Patient with Progressive Primary Tuberculosis
Authors: MICHAEL E. WHITCOMB
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Transfer factor was administered to a patient with progressive primary tuberculosis who failed to respond to antituberculous therapy and in whom a defect in cellular immunity to tuberculous infection was shown by in-vivo and in-vitro studies of cell-mediated immunity. The administration of transfer factor to this patient resulted in the development of immunologic reactivity, which was accompanied by dramatic improvement of her clinical condition. This observation strongly suggests that transfer factor in conjunction with antituberculous therapy was instrumental in the resolution of the patient's infection.
Neurovisual impairment: A frequent complication of alpha-interferon treatment in chronic viral hepatitis
Authors: Emanuel K. Manesis, Michael Moschos, Dimitrios Brouzas, John Kotsiras, Constantine Petrou, George Theodosiadis, Stephanos Hadziyannis
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Following our earlier observation of clinically evident optic tract neuropathy in patients receiving low-dose interferon (IFN) therapy, we prospectively evaluated 53 consecutive patients treated for chronic hepatitis B or C with a median dose of 3 MU of IFN-a2b thrice weekly. Measurements included routine ophthalmologic evaluation and recordings of visual evoked responses (VER), electroretinograms (ERG), visual acuity, and visual fields, before, at the end of IFN treatment, and at follow-up visits. Baseline P100 latencies of VERs (base-VER) were abnormally prolonged in 24 patients (32 of 106 eyes, 30.2%); age was the only significant covariate associated with increased risk for an abnormal base-VER by multiple logistic regression (relative risk [RR] 5.3 per each 5-year increase in age). In 45 patients (74 eyes) with normal baseline P100 latencies, the end-of-treatment VERs (end-VER) were significantly prolonged compared with baseline, becoming abnormal in 11 (15 of 74 eyes, 20.3%) (138.8+/-8.7 vs. 117.7+/-5.2 ms, P < .001). This subgroup had older age (59.1+/-11.0 vs. 47.5+/-15.3, P=.007) and reduced visual sensitivity compared with their own pretreatment measurements (24.5+/-1.6 vs. 23.0+/-1.2db, P=.019). Changes of end-VERs by age had a sigmoid distribution with a steep increase of values beyond the 5th decade (R2=.326, P < .001). In a logistic regression model, significant predictors of abnormal end-VERs were, patients' age (RR 5.6 per each 5-year increase), presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (RR 15.1 compared with hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection) and serum cholesterol levels above 240 mg% (RR 7.1 compared with values < 240 mg%). Subconjunctival hemorrhages were seen in 2 cases and funduscopic examination revealed cotton wool spots in one other. ERG recordings and the P100 amplitude remained unchanged. After stopping IFN, the treatment-associated neurovisual abnormalities reversed to normal in 7 patients (10 of 15 eyes) and persisted in 5 (5 of 15 eyes, 33.3%) for up to 37 (median 7.3) months observation, all patients remaining clinically asymptomatic. In conclusion, subclinical neurovisual impairment is a frequent, largely unrecognized complication of low-dose IFN therapy, and patients with chronic hepatitis B and older age appear to be most susceptible. This apparently innocuous complication is long lasting, possibly irreversible in some patients, with yet undetermined consequences on visual function.
Single-Chamber versus Dual-Chamber Pacing for High-Grade Atrioventricular Block
Authors: William D. Toff, A. John Camm, J. Douglas Skehan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

In the treatment of atrioventricular block, dual-chamber cardiac pacing is thought to confer a clinical benefit as compared with single-chamber ventricular pacing, but the supporting evidence is mainly from retrospective studies. Uncertainty persists regarding the true benefits of dual-chamber pacing, particularly in the elderly, in whom it is used less often than in younger patients.
Insulin requirements during breast feeding.
Authors: P. Illingworth, P. W. Howie, R. T. Jung
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Mechanical ventilation at homeSIR,-We support Dr M A Branthwaite's succinct case for a nationally coordinated home ventilation service in Britain' Such a system would help smaller centres such as our own, which historically lacks the designated funding.At present we experience much difficulty in obtaining financial agreement for ventilators and associated equipment from patients' home districts, which prolongs their stay in hospital.The current impetus arises from the greater understanding of the treatability of nocturnal hypoxaemia associated with sleep apnoea or chronic pulmonary disease; numerically, these groups account for a large fraction of the total
Intensive and Rehabilitative Respiratory Care: A Practical Approach to the Management of Acute and Chronic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Gordon L. Snider
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The preface to the third edition of what has become a standard text in this field indicates that the book was written for both beginning students and experts in respiratory care, with emphasis placed on concepts and principles. The author and his contributors have succeeded admirably in this goal; there is something in this book for everyone. The book comprises 20 chapters and three appendices, 16 authored by Dr Petty alone and one chapter coauthored with Louise Net. The remaining chapters and appendices are written by present or former members of the pulmonary section of the University of Colorado Medical Center; thus, the book clearly reflects the principles and practices espoused by this leading center. The first section comprises seven chapters that outline the principles in the diagnosis and management of respiratory failure. The second section deals with the clinical applications of these techniques to the adult respiratory distress syndrome,
PROTEIN BINDING OF PANCREATIC PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES*
Authors: Bernard J. Haverback, Barbara Dyce, Hallie F. Bundy, Samuel K. Wirtschafter, Hugh A. Edmondson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

sought methods that would permit an easier assay of the a2-globulin trypsin inhibitor.Many studies were made which included the determination of the inhibiting activities of the a,-and a2-globulin fractions to chymotrypsin, elastase, thrombin, plasmin, and collagenase.Although interesting data were obtained, these studies did not permit the differential assay of the serum a1-and a2-globulin trypsin inhibitors unless electrophoresis was done.
Immunohistological analysis of lung tissue from patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis suggesting local expression of immune hypersensitivity.
Authors: D A Campbell, L W Poulter, G Janossy, R M du Bois
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Immunohistological analysis using monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with histochemical techniques has been applied to lung biopsy material from patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Subsets of lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells have been identified in situ. This analysis showed that the inflammatory cells present were predominantly mononuclear. Most of the lymphoid cells were B lymphocytes, organised into follicles with occasional germinal centre formation. IgM was the major class of immunoglobulin expressed. Both T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes were seen diffusely distributed in the interstitium. The T4+ positive cells were also seen within the B lymphoid follicles. Almost all non-lymphoid cells expressed the phenotype of inflammatory macrophages, but a few also expressed a phenotype characteristic of interdigitating cells. These results suggest that a local B lymphoid immune response is occurring in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. The possibility that a cell mediated immune response is also emerging is discussed.
Serum Concentrations of Organochlorine Pesticides and Growth among Russian Boys
Authors: Jane S. Burns, Paige L. Williams, Oleg Sergeyev, Susan A. Korrick, Mary M. Lee, Boris Revich, Larisa Altshul, Julie T. Del Prato, Olivier Humblet, Donald G. Patterson, Wayman E. Turner, Mikhail Starovoytov, Russ Hauser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Limited human data suggest an association of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with adverse effects on children's growth.
Abstract P2-09-16: Pre-clinical evaluation of novel anti-angiogenic agents as breast cancer therapeutics
Authors: SA McGarrigle, A Murphy, BN Kennedy, A Reynolds, JN O'Sullivan, MJ Kennedy, EM Connolly
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background There is a need to develop novel drugs that will improve survival in breast cancer patients. Angiogenesis is essential for breast tumour progression. To date, the most promising approach to inhibit angiogenesis in breast cancer patients has been the drug bevacizumab which targets the pro-angiogenic factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Recently, there has been controversy regarding the efficacy of bevacizumab for breast cancer treatment. In clinical trials, bevacizumab failed to establish an overall-survival benefit and was associated with serious toxicities. This resulted in the FDA revoking approval for the drug for the first line treatment of advanced breast cancer. Due to this uncertainty surrounding the efficacy of bevacizumab for the treatment of breast cancer it is clear that there is a clinical need for more effective novel anti-angiogenic drugs with better toxicity profiles for the treatment of breast cancer. Aim This study aimed to identify novel small-molecule anti-angiogenic agents with therapeutic potential in human breast cancer. Methods Compounds with physiochemical properties consistent with drug-like compounds were screened for anti-angiogenic activity by high-throughput screening involving zebrafish larvae. Human breast tumour explants were treated with the lead compound and secretion of angiogenic factors was assessed by ELISA. Results We have identified a novel small-molecule agent ‘SMG1’ that significantly inhibited inter-segmental blood-vessel development in zebrafish and showed no toxicity. Treatment of breast tumour explants with SMG1 significantly inhibited secretion of the potent pro-angiogenic cytokine VEGF (p = 0.01). Furthermore, SMG1 inhibited VEGF secretion more than the standard targeted breast cancer therapies tamoxifen and Herceptin® which have been reported to inhibit angiogenesis. Conclusion Continuing pre-clinical work will determine if SMG1 has potential as a therapeutic agent for human breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-09-16.
Long-term outcome in Felty's syndrome
Authors: C. Thorne, M. B. Urowitz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Felty's syndrome has again been shown to be a severe form of systemic rheumatoid disease characterised by severe joint involvement, many extra-articular features, and a high incidence of infection. In addition we have shown that splenectomy was not protective for infections and in fact may on occasion contributed to infection. Furthermore, although most patients had an increase in white blood cell count after splenectomy, 50% of patients without splenectomy showed a similar increase in white blood cell counts at follow-up. Mortality in Felty's syndrome was high, with infection being the main cause of death.
p53/MDM2 Pathway Aberrations in Parathyroid Tumors: p21&lt;sup&gt;WAF-1&lt;/sup&gt; and MDM2 Are Frequently Overexpressed in Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Begoña Arribas, Eva Cristóbal, José A. Alcázar, Juan Tardío, Juan C. Martínez-Montero, José R. Polo, Rafael Carrión, Laura Gil, Marta Azañedo, José M. Rojas, José M. Rojas
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2000)
Diverticular disease: three studies. Part III - Metabolic effect of bran in patients with diverticular disease.
Authors: A J Brodribb, D M Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Patients with diverticular disease were given about 24 g bran daily for at least six months. After treatment the oral glucose tolerance curve fell, faecal fat excretion increased, the serum lipoprotein pattern was altered, urinary calcium excretion was reduced, and the serum folate level fell. These changes were not considered to contraindicate the use of bran in the treatment of diverticular disease.
Pancreatic surgical complications--the case for prophylaxis
Authors: C Gouillat, J-F Gigot
Journal: Gut (2001)

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple9s procedure) represents a considerable surgical challenge. Postoperative complications are common and typically related to leakage of pancreatic exocrine secretions following anastomosis failure. Pancreatic proteases and lipase leaking from the organ remnant attack the surrounding tissue, potentially leading to severe inflammation, tissue necrosis, and fistula formation. In addition, the soft consistency of the normal pancreas can lead to difficulties in manipulating the organ and reduce the integrity of sutures. Pancreatic fistula is the most serious postoperative complication and especially common following resectional surgery for malignant disease. Through prophylactic inhibition of digestive secretions, it should be possible to reduce postoperative morbidity after pancreatic surgery. One such inhibitor is somatostatin-14, an endogenous peptide hormone with pronounced effects on secretion of pancreatic enzymes and hormones, gastrointestinal secretions, and pancreatic blood flow, all of which may decrease the risk of postoperative complications. A limited number of randomised controlled trials have investigated prophylactic administration of somatostatin-14 and the synthetic somatostatin analogue octreotide in reducing complications following pancreatic surgery. While the majority of studies with octreotide demonstrated a significant reduction in the overall complication rate, the benefits appeared less marked in relation to events specifically related to pancreatic secretion. However, preliminary results from a limited number of trials with somatostatin-14, administered as a continuous intravenous infusion, suggest that prophylactic pharmacotherapy produces a significant decrease in fistula formation and secretion related events after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Due to these promising data, further investigation of the role of somatostatin-14 prophylaxis in pancreatic surgery is warranted in large well controlled trials.
Early intervention in acute renal failure
Authors: D. N Bennett-Jones
Journal: BMJ (2006)

evidence is synthesised and packaged, barriers to making evidence based decisions still exist. 12 The creation of meta-search engines that integrate the main evidence resources (through collaboration among the various publishers) could allow effective and efficient searches and facilitate rapid completion of the search cascade.Evidence based diagnosis needs more primary evidence on diagnosis, more systematic reviews, and appropriate tools to translate the evidence into action.The challenge to clinicians, educators, researchers, funders, journal editors, and publishers is to work together to make this happen.Doctors and other clinicians should demand action now.
US website is launched to share cancer trial data
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The CEO Roundtable on Cancer, a nonprofit organization of US corporate executives, has launched a new not for profit website to share cancer trial data with researchers around the world.

The Project Data Sphere website1 aims to make available the de-identified data of trial participants from the comparator (“standard care”) arms of as many academic and industry phase III cancer clinical trials as possible. This will include the studies’ case report forms, data descriptors, and study protocols.

Data from nine trials have already been posted by AstraZeneca, Bayer, Celgene, the Johnson & Johnson affiliate Janssen Research and Development, Pfizer, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Sanofi US. Additional datasets are in development with other organizations, including the National Cancer Institute sponsored Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, as well as Amgen and Quintiles. The organizers hope to include data …
Clinical, angiographic, and electrophysiologic findings in patients with aborted sudden death as compared with patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction.
Authors: W G Stevenson, P Brugada, B Waldecker, M Zehender, H J Wellens
Journal: Circulation (1985)

After the acute phase of myocardial infarction, patients who develop sustained ventricular arrhythmias present with either sudden death or ventricular tachycardia (VT). Although current evidence suggests that VT frequently precedes ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients presenting with sudden death, the factors resulting in rapid deterioration of VT to VF have not been delineated in humans. To determine whether left ventricular function, coronary anatomy, or electrophysiologic characteristics could differentiate patients with sudden death from those with VT without sudden death, we compared results of cardiac angiography and programmed electrical stimulation in 42 patients referred for evaluation of sustained VT or surviving "aborted" sudden death for more than 9 days after myocardial infarction. By univariate analysis there were no differences between patients with sudden death and those with VT in age, time from myocardial infarction to VT or sudden death, ejection fraction (0.31 +/- 0.12 vs 0.29 +/- 0.09), or the number of patients with a major area of contracting myocardium supplied by an artery with a 50% or greater or a 70% or greater stenosis (84% vs 64% and 68% vs 41%). Thirty-six percent of patients with sudden death but no patient with VT had two separate areas of infarction. During programmed electrical stimulation, a sustained ventricular arrhythmia was initiated in 100% of patients with VT and 73% of patients with sudden death and rapidly produced syncope in 67% of patients with sudden death but in only 5% of those with VT. This difference was due to the more frequent initiation of rapid polymorphic VT or VF (27% of patients) and to the shorter VT cycle length (242 +/- 31 vs 319 +/- 69 msec) when monomorphic VT was induced in the group with sudden death. No difference was found in the number of extrastimuli required for initiation of a sustained ventricular arrhythmia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Join the Team-Reply
Authors: Marc A. Forman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Being damned for what one says is easier to contend with than being damned for what one doesn't say. The first response to our critic is to agree with her perspective but add that our perspective is different. Her response seemed to be stimulated by the phrase "to wait with the family and observe." She has drawn from this statement several negative implications: therapeutic nihilism, indifference to multidisciplinary evaluations or ignorance of them, and interventions and medical preoccupation with diagnostic precision. We did not state or intend to imply that a comprehensive assessment of handicapped children is unnecessary or unproductive. Obviously, one tries to obtain as much relevant data as possible about the child, his condition, and the family. Many professionals participate in the evaluation process. In our own setting, the assessment may include the disciplines of pediatrics, pediatric neurology, child psychiatry, developmental psychology, social work, education, speech