tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Some effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide in human skin and on histamine release
Authors: W. PIOTROWSKI, J.C. FOREMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) produced a dose‐related wheal and flare reaction in human skin at doses of 12.5 to 50 pmol. The flare response but not the wheal response to CGRP and substance P were inhibited by prior treatment of the subject with oral chlorpheniramine, 16 mg. CGRP, but not substance P, was potent in producing a delayed erythema and surrounding pallor in human skin, which peaked at 1 h and persisted for more than 3 h after injection, when wheal and flare responses had subsided. The delayed response was accompanied by infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The delayed erythema and pallor produced in response to CGRP were not inhibited by oral chlorpheniramine, or by 4% prilocaine injected locally. CGRP released histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells over the concentration range 2.5–10 μM. CGRP was about fourfold less potent than substance P in releasing histamine. The substance Panalogue, [D‐Pro4, D‐Trp7,9,10]SP4–11 10 μM, and benzalkonium chloride 10 μM inhibited histamine release from rat mast cells stimulated by either CGRP or substance P.
Aberrant Expression of a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 17/Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Converting Enzyme Increases the Malignant Potential in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jörg Ringel, Ralf Jesnowski, Nicolas Moniaux, Jutta Lüttges, Jens Ringel, Amit Choudhury, Surinder K. Batra, Günter Klöppel, Matthias Löhr
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) molecules are known for their unique potential to combine adhesion, proteolysis, and signaling. To understand the role of ADAM17/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) converting enzyme (TACE) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we investigated its expression, function, and in vitro regulation. ADAM17/TACE mRNA was expressed in 3 of 10 normal pancreatic tissues, 6 of 8 samples from patients with chronic pancreatitis, 10 of 10 PDAC tissues, and 9 of 9 pancreatic cancer cell lines, but it was absent in primary duct epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed positive cancer cells in 8 of 10 PDACs but no staining of ducts in normal pancreas. ADAM17/TACE was found in 0 of 16 pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN)-1A lesions, 1 of 30 PanIN-1B lesions, 2 of 13 PanIN-2 lesions but, in 13 of 15 PanIN-3 lesions, associated with PDAC. Western blot, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy analyses showed the aberrant expression of ADAM17/TACE protein in pancreatic cancer cell lines. The proteolytic activity of ADAM17/TACE, assessed by the release of TNF-α, was inhibited by TNF-α protease inhibitor. ADAM17/TACE gene silencing using small interfering RNA technique in vitro reduced invasion behavior dramatically, whereas proliferation was unaffected. Furthermore, ADAM17/TACE mRNA expression was down-regulated in pancreatic cancer cells arrested in G2-M phase as well as in a time-dependent manner after TNF-α and interleukin-6 incubation. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence of aberrant expression of the proteolytically active ADAM17/TACE in advanced precursor lesions (PanIN-3) and PDAC while identifying its critical involvement in the invasion process. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(18): 9045-53)
The Chemistry and Technology of Enzymes
Authors: Henry Tauber
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Food and cyanide.
Authors: A G Freeman
Journal: BMJ (1972)

of the specialized tissue.He felt that for inhibition to occur it should be shown that the vagus nerve innervated the entire ventricular specialized network, and that acetyl- choline should be shown to suppress spon- taneous activity of ventricular Purkinje fibres.It would seem that these two conditions also require to be met with regard to vera- pamil and the human heart before the claims of Drs.Livesley and Oram can be justified.-I am, etc.,
Valvular Heart Disease in the Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Enrique Galve, Josep Ordi, Jordi Barquinero, Arturo Evangelista, Miquel Vilardell, J. Soler-Soler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Objective: To determine the prevalence of cardiac valvular involvement in patients with the primary antiphospholipid syndrome. ▪ Design: Cross-sectional study with evaluation of case patients and control patients by Doppler echocardiography. The mean follow-up for case patients was 21 months. ▪ Setting: University-based tertiary medical center. ▪ Patients: Twenty-eight consecutive patients who were diagnosed with the primary antiphospholipid syndrome during a 10-year period; 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. ▪ Measurements and Main Results: Ten patients (36%; 95% Cl, 19% to 56%) with the primary antiphospholipid syndrome had cardiac valvular involvement: Four patients had mitral valve involvement; four patients, aortic valve involvement; and two patients, both mitral and aortic valve involvement; no patients had tricuspid or pulmonary valve disease. Eight of 10 patients had a regurgitant murmur. None of the control patients had valvular disease. The mean mitral valve thickness in patients with mitral valve involvement was 7.0 ± 1.6 mm, compared with 2.7 ± 0.8 mm in patients with normal valves and 3.2 ± 0.9 mm in the control group. The mean aortic valve thickness in patients with aortic valve involvement was 3.8 ± 0.5 mm compared with 1.4 ± 0.3 mm in patients with normal valves and 1.4 ± 0.5 mm in the control group. Stenotic lesions were not found. Regurgitation was severe in two patients (one required surgery), moderate in three patients, and mild in three patients. ▪ Conclusions: Valvular involvement is frequently found in patients with the primary antiphospholipid syndrome. The lesions are left-sided, causing regurgitation that may be clinically important.
Mycobacterium xenopi spinal infections after discovertebral surgery: investigation and screening of a large outbreak
Authors: Pascal Astagneau, Nicole Desplaces, Véronique Vincent, Valérie Chicheportiche, Anne-Hélène Botherel, Sylvie Maugat, Karine Lebascle, Philippe Léonard, Jean Claude Desenclos, Jacques Grosset, Jean-Marc Ziza, Gilles Brücker
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
De Nucleis Pulposis
Authors: Donald A. Nagel
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We are chagrined to admit that Dr. Schiller is absolutely right in pointing out that we used the wrong Latin ending on the adjective "pulposus" meaning "fleshy." The correct terminology is nucleus pulposus. While Dr. Schiller's parenthetical statement concerning our paper ("so graphically pointing out the dangers of spinal biopsy") may be pure sarcasm, it may also indicate that looking so closely at the "flesh" Dr. Schiller has not seen the "body" of our paper. I prefer this latter interpretation of his statement and must therefore emphasize that we feel that open spinal biopsy is important in the diagnosis of obscure lesions of the spine. Indeed it is dangerous if improperly done. So also is a spinal tap or any other medical procedure.
1. Correctional and Rehabilitation Work, Reformatory School, Lucknow; 2. Correctional and Rehabilitation Work, Juvenile Jail, Bareilly; 3. Schemes for Delinquency and Its Correction; Prevention and Correction of Delinquency, Mental Disorder and Mental Deficiency; A Few Suggestions Regarding Adult Crime
Authors: C. M. CRAWFORD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)
Investigation of normal flatus production in healthy volunteers.
Authors: J Tomlin, C Lowis, N W Read
Journal: Gut (1991)

Flatulence can cause discomfort and distress but there are few published data of normal patterns and volumes. Twenty four hour collections were made using a rectal catheter in 10 normal volunteers taking their normal diet plus 200 g baked beans. Total daily volume ranged from 476 to 1491 ml (median 705 ml). Women and men (both n = 5) expelled equivalent amounts. The median daily flatus hydrogen volume was 361 ml/24 h (range 42-1060) and the carbon dioxide volume 68 ml/24 h (range 25-116), three volunteers produced methane (3, 26, and 120 ml/24 h), and the remaining unidentified gas (presumably nitrogen) or gases contributed a median 213 ml/24 h (range 61-476). Larger volumes of flatus were produced after meals than at other times. Flatus produced at a faster rate tended to contain more fermentation gases. Flatus was produced during the sleeping period, but the rate was significantly lower than the daytime rate (median 16 and 34 ml/h respectively). Ingestion of a 'fibre free' diet (Fortisip) for 48 hours significantly reduced the total volume collected in 24 hours (median 214 ml/24 h), reduced the carbon dioxide volume (median 6 ml/24 h), and practically eradicated hydrogen production. The volume of unidentified gas was not significantly affected (median 207 ml/24 h). Thus fermentation gases make the highest contribution to normal flatus volume. A 'fibre free' diet eliminates these without changing residual gas release of around 200 ml/24 h.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON ANTIGENIC RECOGNITION
Authors: Hansruedy Ramseier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Lymphoid cells from normal animals from two genetically alien but isogenic strains of mice or rats elaborated a factor into the medium during in vitro cultivation. Similarly, lymphoid cells from specifically presensitized animals mixed and cultivated with donor-type lymphoid cells, as well as normal or specifically immunized mouse spleen cells exposed to heterologous red blood cell antigens, formed this factor. Culture supernatants of genetically identical lymphoid cells lacked activity. This factor was measured by its ability to induce accumulations of polymorphonuclear cells following injection into the skin of normal hamster hosts. Gentle trypsinization of excised 24 hr cutaneous reactions permitted quantitative estimation of the number of polymorphonuclear cells accumulated and, therefore, of the activity of the factor. The factor present in culture fluids could be defined as a product of antigenic recognition (PAR). PAR was formed only when immunologically competent cells were exposed to cells carrying histocompatibility antigens of recognizable foreignness. This view was based chiefly on the observation that, whereas lymphoid cells from specifically tolerant mice failed to recognize the paralytogen, they did recognize antigens of an unrelated mouse strain. In addition, immunocompetence was of paramount importance, since cocultivation of immunologically incompetent, yet strongly incompatible, rat thymocytes did not result in the formation of PAR. Formation of PAR was observed in very simple media. A source of energy and a suitable culture vessel were found to be the only essential nonimmunological factors for PAR to be elaborated. The presence of inhibitors of glycolysis in the medium during cultivation of mixtures of immunocompetent cells of disparate origin severely inhibited the recognition process. With cell mixtures of the immunological one-way variety, treatment of aggressor cells with inhibitors of glycolysis or of protein synthesis interfered with antigenic recognition, whereas similar treatments of the target cells were without effect. The findings presented sustain the thesis that the elaboration of PAR is a very early event in the immune process.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Cycle: Study of Long-Evans Cinnamon Rats
Authors: T Masaki
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Amplification found in a number of cyclin genes, especially in cyclin D and E, is an important event process that takes place in cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).The activities of a wide range of cell cycle-related kinases remain obscure in HCC.The purpose of the present study is to determine the cyclins and kinase activities of HCC in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats.Cyclin D1, E, A, H, Cdk1(cyclin-dependent kinase; Cdc2), Cdk4, and Cdk6 protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis at different pathologic stages of liver tissues exhibiting HCC.Enzymatic activities of cyclin D1, E, A, Cdk4, Cdk6, Cdc2, Cdk7, and Wee1 kinase were measured by in-gel kinase assay.Protein levels and kinase activities of cyclin D1, E, Cdk4, cyclin A, and Wee1 increased proportionally with the development of HCC, especially in the transition process from chronic hepatitis to HCC.Although Cdc2 kinase activity was found to increase slightly from normal liver to chronic hepatitis, its activity remained unchanged in the process from chronic hepatitis to HCC.Cdk6 and Cdk7 activities remained unchanged in the process from normal liver to HCC.These data suggest that the increase in Cdc2 kinase may play a role in the process from normal liver to chronic hepatitis, whereas the predominant increase in cyclin D1, Cdk4, cyclin E, cyclin A, and Wee1 suggests involvement not only in the process from normal liver to chronic hepatitis, but also during transition into HCC.
γ-secretase inhibitors reverse glucocorticoid resistance in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Pedro J Real, Valeria Tosello, Teresa Palomero, Mireia Castillo, Eva Hernando, Elisa de Stanchina, Maria Luisa Sulis, Kelly Barnes, Catherine Sawai, Irene Homminga, Jules Meijerink, Iannis Aifantis, Giuseppe Basso, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Walden Ai, Adolfo Ferrando
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
Health needs of people with learning disabilities neglected
Authors: Colleen Shannon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

People with learning disabilities are being neglected in hospital and receiving a poor standard of care across the NHS in England and Northern Ireland, says the learning disability charity Mencap in a report. The report marks the launch of Mencap's campaign for better health care for this group of patients.

“People with a learning disability have the same rights as everybody else, and healthcare professionals should ensure they are treated with the same respect and values as other members of society,” said Jo Williams, the charity's chief executive. “Mencap won't settle for anything less.” …
Down-regulation of tyrosine aminotransferase at a frequently deleted region 16q22 contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Fu, Sui-Sui Dong, Yi-Wu Xie, Lai-Shan Tai, Leilei Chen, Kar Lok Kong, Kwan Man, Dan Xie, Yan Li, Yingduan Cheng, Qian Tao, Xin-Yuan Guan
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Loss of 16q is one of the most frequent alterations in many malignancies including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), suggesting the existence of a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) within the frequently deleted region. In this report we describe the identification and characterization of one candidate TSG, tyrosine aminotransferase gene ( TAT ), at 16q22.1. Loss of one TAT allele was detected in 27/50 (54%) of primary HCCs by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, homo-deletion of TAT alleles was detected in two cases. Down-regulation of TAT was detected in 28/50 (56%) of HCCs, which was significantly associated with the loss of TAT allele and hypermethylation of TAT 5′ CpG island (CGI) region ( P &lt; 0.001). Functional studies found that TAT has a strong tumor suppressive ability. Introduction of the TAT gene into HCC cell lines could effectively inhibit colony formation in soft agar, foci formation, and tumor formation in nude mice. Further study found that the tumor suppressive mechanism of TAT was associated with its proapoptotic role in a mitochondrial-dependent manner by promoting cytochrome - c release and activating caspase-9 and PARP. Conclusion : Taken together, our findings suggest that TAT plays an important suppressive role in the development and progression of HCC. Hepatology 2010
More than a fifth of children in Darfur is malnourished
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The United Nations World Food Programme warns that more than a fifth of children under 5 in Darfur are malnourished, and nearly half of all families do not have enough food.

The results of the first nutritional survey in western Sudan were released on 26 October. The report says, “A basic minimum public health package, including adequate supplies of clean water and medicine, should accompany food and nutrition aid.”

“While much has been done for months now to feed as many people as possible in Darfur, the survey underlines how much …
Chief executive of Ashworth steps down
Authors: L. McKee
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Dr Hilary Hodge, chief executive of beleaguered Ashworth Hospital, has stepped down after less than a year in the post, after a formal inquiry led by Dame Fiona Caldicott.

Dr Hodge's management style has been heavily criticised by consultant psychiatrists working at the top security hospital in Merseyside. Dame Fiona, former president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, who was brought in to help settle the matter, last week disclosed to staff that the relationship between Dr Hodge and the team of consultant psychiatrists had …
Alkaline Phosphatase ALPPL-2 Is a Novel Pancreatic Carcinoma-Associated Protein
Authors: Pooja Dua, Hye Suk Kang, Seung-Mo Hong, Ming-Sound Tsao, Soyoun Kim, Dong-ki Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a very low median survival rate. The lack of early sensitive diagnostic markers is one of the main causes of PDAC-associated lethality. Therefore, to identify novel pancreatic cancer biomarkers that can facilitate early diagnosis and also help in the development of effective therapeutics, we developed RNA aptamers targeting pancreatic cancer by Cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) approach. Using a selection strategy that could generate aptamers for 2 pancreatic cancer cell lines in one selection scheme, we identified an aptamer SQ-2 that could recognize pancreatic cancer cells with high specificity. Next, by applying 2 alternative approaches: (i) aptamer-based target pull-down and (ii) genome-wide microarray-based identification of differentially expressed mRNAs in aptamer-positive and -negative cells, we identified alkaline phosphatase placental-like 2 (ALPPL-2), an oncofetal protein, as the target of SQ-2. ALPPL-2 was found to be ectopically expressed in many pancreatic cancer cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels. RNA interference-mediated ALPPL-2 knockdown identified novel tumor-associated functions of this protein in pancreatic cancer cell growth and invasion. In addition, the aptamer-mediated identification of ALPPL-2 on the cell surface and cell secretions of pancreatic cancer cells supports its potential use in the serum- and membrane-based diagnosis of PDAC. Cancer Res; 73(6); 1934–45. ©2012 AACR.
A brief survey of butadiene health effects: a role for metabolic differences.
Authors: L S Birnbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

1,3-Butadiene is a major monomer in the rubber and plastics industry and is one of the highest-production industrial chemicals in the United States. Although not highly acutely toxic to rodents, inhalation of concentrations as low as 6.25 ppm causes tumors in mice. Butadiene is oncogenic in rats, but much higher exposure concentrations are required than in mice. Chronic toxicity targets the gonads and hematopoietic system. Butadiene is also a potent mutagen and clastogen. Differences in the absorption, distribution, and elimination of butadiene appear to be relatively minor between rats and mice, although mice do retain more butadiene and its metabolites after exposure to the same concentration and have a higher rate of metabolic elimination. Recent studies have demonstrated that major species differences appear to occur in the rate of detoxication of the primary metabolite, 3-epoxybutene (butadiene monoepoxide [BDMO]). Mice have the greatest rate of production of BDMO as compared to other species, but the rate of removal of BDMO appears to be less than in other species. Mice have low levels of epoxide hydrolase; rats have intermediate levels; monkeys and humans appear to have high levels of this detoxifying enzyme. Thus, while only low levels of butadiene exposure may result in an accumulation of BDMO in the mouse, much higher levels would be required to result in an elevation of circulating BDMO in other species. The level of this reactive metabolite may be correlated with the species differences in butadiene sensitivity.
Agranulocytosis after Use of Thiouracil
Authors: D. Linsell
Journal: BMJ (1944)

SUPRARENAL HAEMORRHAGE MEDICAL URNAL597classifications have been attempted based on the presenting or dominating symptoms.Thus we have the well-recognized "peritoneal " type, simulating the acute abdomen; a "ner- vous" type, presenting with convulsions and delirium; and a third variety simulating a severe purpura.An " asthenic " type was described by Arnaud as early as 1900, but the original reference was not available, and we know of no case-description, except the one recorded above, which typifies this asthenic group of Arnaud.Conclusion The features of the above case which seem to deserve emphasis are: (1) The insidious onset, but ultimately rapid collapse due to apparently causeless circulatory failure.(2) The absence of abdominal pain, which if present would have been of real diagnostic help, and this despite the severe haemorrhage into the right suprarenal; the same applies to the absence of petechiae.(3) It has been suggested that the purpura, when it occurs, is merely a manifestation of severe septicaemia: our case would support this belief.( 4) The diagnostic value of the intense cyanosis associated with cardiovascular collapse.The cyanosis is much more striking than in any ordinary variety of acute heart failure, such as that due to a coronary thrombosis.(5) Was the patient really suffering from influenza and, if so, was the influenza responsible for the suprarenal failure ?At no time did the case suggest a septicaemic state.SummaryA case of suprarenal haemorrhage of the so-called " astheh-ic" type is described; the diagnostic difficulties are discussed.It was possible to suspect the diagnosis during life as the only explanation of the profound cardiovascular collapse.