tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Host Defense Mechanisms in the Antitumor Activity of Adriamycin and Daunomycin in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Alberto Mantovani, Nadia Polentarutti, Walter Luini, Giuseppe Peri, Federico Spreafico
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

The role of host defense mechanisms in the antineoplastic activity of the two analogs adriamycin (AM) and daunomycin (DM) was investigated in (BALB/c × DBA/2)F1 mice inoculated with the nonimmunogenic L1210 Cr leukemia, the immunogenic SL2 lymphoma, and the strongly immunogenic L1210 Ha leukemia. The higher the immunogenicity of the tumor, the greater was the therapeutic efficacy of AM. Prior treatment with the immunosuppresant 5-(3,3-dlmethyl-1-triazenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) markedly impaired the efficacy of AM in immunogenic tumor models, and similarly, the antitumor activity of AM was dacreased in thymus-deprived mice. Suppression of host defense mechanisms by DTIC as late as 9 days after chemotherapy was still effective in reducing the number of mice eventually cured by AM in the DTIC-resistant L1210 Ha leukemia system. This suggested that viable L1210 Ha leukemia cells persisted for at least 9 days after optimal AM chemotherepy and that their growth was inhibited by host immune responses. The antitumor activity of DM was not significantly affected by tumor immunogenicity and host immunologic status. Macrophages obtained from L1210 Ha leukemia-inoculated, AM-cured mice were activated and nonspecifically inhibited growth and DNA synthesis of tumor cells in vitro. The anti macrophage agents silica and carrageenan significantly reduced the efficacy of AM in immunogenic tumor models but had no effect on DM. Conversely, combinations of AM with the macrophage activator Corynebacterium parvum showed a significant therapeutic synergism, whereas chemoimmunotherapy with DM was not more active than chemotherapy alone. Results from these experiments were consistent with the hypothesis that host defense mechanisms play a role in the stronger antitumor activity of AM compared to its analog DM and suggest that macrophages contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of AM.
Prognostic significance of early serum tumor marker half-life in metastatic testicular teratoma.
Authors: M J Stevens, A R Norman, D P Dearnaley, A Horwich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

To determine whether the initial regression rates of serum tumor marker concentration (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin [HCG]) were important prognostic factors after chemotherapy for germ cell tumors.The analysis was confined to patients with at least two precise marker assay results between days 7 and 22 from start of platinum-based combination chemotherapy, with at least 7 days between markers. One hundred eighty-three patients were eligible and marker half-life (MHL) was evaluated for AFP in 142 and for HCG in 111 cases. MHL was calculated from the following formula: MHL = Ln1/2/G, where G was the gradient of the marker slope on a plot of Ln marker concentration versus time. MHL was regarded as prolonged if more than 3 days for HCG or more than 7 days for AFP.The median AFP MHL was 6 days (range, 2.7 to 237) and the median HCG MHL was 2.6 days (range, 1.7 to 37.5). Forty-nine of 142 patients (35%) had a prolonged AFP MHL; 39 of 111 patients (35%) had a prolonged HCG-MHL. A prolonged MHL did not identify relapse after front-line chemotherapy. The positive predictive value of MHL tests in identifying patients who progressed after front-line therapy was 18% for HCG, 20% for AFP, and 18% for either marker. A prolonged MHL did indicate a higher risk of mortality (hazards ratio [HR], 2.4; P = .016), but again the positive predictive value of this test was only 23%.Early evaluation of MHL by this method does not predict patients at higher risk of progression after front-line chemotherapy, and also is a poor guide to long-term prognosis.
Abstract 16905: Parental Vigilance in Caring for Their Children with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Leanne Meakins, Lynne Ray, Kathleen Hegadoran, Gwen Rempel
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a complex heart malformation that requires life-saving treatment within the first days of life if the child is to survive. Parents experience numerous challenges as they learn to parent a child with complex care requirements and to deal with the consequences of such intensive parenting on themselves as parents. The research question guiding this study was: Is the parenting process among parents of a child with HLHS characterized by exaggerated vigilant parental action and if so, how does this influence parental response? This research was undertaken within a program of qualitative research in which 2 studies involved parents of children with HLHS, one cohort having undergone the classic Norwood approach and the other cohort the Sano approach. Interview data from both studies underwent a secondary thematic content analysis based on the sensitizing concepts of uncertainty, protectiveness, support, and mastery of complex care. Transcribed data from 55 interviews with parents (24 mothers and 17 fathers) of young children (2 months to 5 years of age) with HLHS were analyzed for relevant and recurring themes. In mastering skills required to care for their child with HLHS, parents focused on what was in their hands , in contrast to what was out of their hands. Vigilant parental actions were evident as parents became skilled at providing complex care and protecting their child. Parents recounted when they were excessive in their vigilant actions and acknowledged that these actions were situation appropriate at times and other times exaggerated. Knowledge of vigilant and exaggerated vigilant parental actions in response to their child's complex care has implications for health care providers who provide education and support for the parents of these children. Long term follow-up, both clinically and through research is needed to assess the long term consequences of exaggerated vigilant parental action on the child, parent and family and to determine and evaluate appropriate and timely intervention.
Abstract 759: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) genes genotype and expression: A potential association with pancreatic cancer development and chemoresistance
Authors: Li Pang, Beverly Word, Joshua Xu, George Hammons, Shiew-Mei Huang, Beverly Lyn-Cook
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Genetic polymorphisms in ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter genes are associated with different responses to chemotherapy in various cancers including pancreatic cancer. In this study, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCG2 genes were investigated in normal and pancreatic cancer specimens. The potential association with expression of the efflux pumps was also analyzed. The TT genotypes of G2677T and C3435T in ABCB1 gene were associated with lower risk of developing pancreatic cancer in the investigated populations (p=0.013, OR=0.35 and p=0.015, OR=0.29, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the common polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene affecting the genetic risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Moreover, compared to ABCB1 G2677T and C3435T wild-type homozygotes and heterozygotes, the expression of ABCB1 in mutant-type homozygotes (2677TT and 3435TT) was lower in normal pancreatic tissue (64.3% and 68.9%, respectively, p&amp;lt;0.05), and the same trend was also found in pancreatic cancer specimens. Interestingly, the pancreatic cancer cells MIA1, BXPC3 and CFPAC1 are ABCB1 2677TT-3435TT homozygotes. Cell viability assay revealed that these three cell lines were much more sensitive to gemcitabine than PANC1, SU86.86, PL-45, and ASPC1, which are either ABCB1 G2677T-C3435T wild type homozygotes or heterozygotes. These results are consistent with the clinical observation that for patients receiving post-operative gemcitabine chemotherapy, the overall survival is tended to be longer in the ABCB1 2677TT and 3435TT carriers. Conclusion: Polymorphisms in ABCB1 G2677T and G3435T were associated with different susceptibility to pancreatic cancer and may predict responses to chemotherapy. Citation Format: Li Pang, Beverly Word, Joshua Xu, George Hammons, Shiew-Mei Huang, Beverly Lyn-Cook. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) genes genotype and expression: A potential association with pancreatic cancer development and chemoresistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 759. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-759
Enhancement of Experimental Tumors in Mice by Treatment With Concanavalin A&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R D Ekstedt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Weanling BALB/c mice given injections of 300 μg concanavalin A (Con A) prior to and at frequent intervals after challenge with Moloney murine sarcoma virus (M-MuSV), 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), or TEPC-15 plasmacytoma cells showed an enhancement of tumor induction or development. With the M-MuSV and MCA systems, this enhancement was evidenced by larger tumors and, in the MCA system, by more devastating tumors. Regression of the M-MuSV-induced tumors was more prolonged in Con A-treated mice. With the TEPC-15 system, enhancement was evidenced by a more rapid mortality rate in treated animals.
Mortality and Cancer Incidence in 263 Patients With Ataxia-Telangiectasia&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D Morrell, E Cromartie, M Swift
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Journal Article Mortality and Cancer Incidence in 263 Patients With Ataxia-Telangiectasia Get access Daphne Morrell, M.S.P.H., Daphne Morrell, M.S.P.H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elizabeth Cromartie, B.A., Elizabeth Cromartie, B.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael Swift, M.D. Michael Swift, M.D. 4 4Address reprint requests to Dr. Swift Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 77, Issue 1, July 1986, Pages 89–92, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/77.1.89 Published: 01 July 1986 Article history Received: 12 September 1985 Accepted: 05 March 1986 Published: 01 July 1986
Toward understanding and exploiting tumor heterogeneity
Authors: Ash A Alizadeh, Victoria Aranda, Alberto Bardelli, Cedric Blanpain, Christoph Bock, Christine Borowski, Carlos Caldas, Andrea Califano, Michael Doherty, Markus Elsner, Manel Esteller, Rebecca Fitzgerald, Jan O Korbel, Peter Lichter, Christopher E Mason, Nicholas Navin, Dana Pe'er, Kornelia Polyak, Charles W M Roberts, Lillian Siu, Alexandra Snyder, Hannah Stower, Charles Swanton, Roel G W Verhaak, Jean C Zenklusen, Johannes Zuber, Jessica Zucman-Rossi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Eosinophilic fasciitis treated with psoralen-ultraviolet A bath photochemotherapy
Authors: R. Schiener, S.C. Behrens-Williams, P. GottlÖber, H. Pillekamp, R.U. Peter, M. Kerscher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Eosinophilic fasciitis is a rare disorder which can markedly affect the quality of life in individual patients. So far, no generally accepted and effective treatment modality has been available. Although the precise nature of eosinophilic fasciitis is still unknown, it is often regarded as a variant of localized scleroderma (morphoea). Phototherapy and photochemotherapy have been shown to be effective in the treatment of sclerodermatous skin lesions. We report a patient with eosinophilic fasciitis which was successfully treated with psoralen plus ultraviolet A bath photochemotherapy within 6 months.
Clinical correlation & evaluation of spirometry in children with asthma
Authors: KeyaRani Lahiri, Milind Tullu, Shobi Anandi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Spirometry is gold standard tool in management of asthma.   Aims & objectives:  To determine correlation between improvement in symptom score & lung function in pediatric asthma.   Methods:  32 Patients were followed up over 6 months each at Pediatric Chest Clinic. Childhood Asthma Control test was used to determine the symptom score (symptoms, daytime- & night-time cough, wheezing) & spirometry was performed at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months & 6 months. Parents were educated about medications, techniques & compliance.   Results:  The mean age was 8.72 years (8.72±1.95, range 6-12 years) [M: F=1.67:1]. There was *20%, *26.8% & *36.3% improvement above baseline symptom score at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months (*p 1  values.   Conclusions:  A well conducted therapeutic program with good compliance, patient education, regular medication & follow up leads to improvement in symptom score & lung function measures. The symptom score, the FEV 1 , and PEFR are good indicators of response to treatment in childhood asthma.
Decreased Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 Expression on Regulatory T Cells and Th17 Cells in Sarcoidosis: Double Trouble?
Authors: Caroline E. Broos, Menno van Nimwegen, Johannes C. C. M. in ’t Veen, Henk C. Hoogsteden, Rudi W. Hendriks, Bernt van den Blink, Mirjam Kool
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)
Six-Second Spirometry for Detection of Airway Obstruction
Authors: Bernd Lamprecht, Lea Schirnhofer, Falko Tiefenbacher, Bernhard Kaiser, Sonia A. Buist, Michael Studnicka, Paul Enright
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

The presence of airway obstruction is currently defined by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines on the basis of the post-bronchodilator (BD) FEV(1)/FVC. It has been proposed that the traditional FVC can be replaced with the shorter and less demanding FEV(6) for detecting airway obstruction.A comparison of FEV(1)/FVC and FEV(1)/FEV(6) for the detection of airway obstruction in population-based post-bronchodilator spirometry data.A population-based sample of 1,349 adults participated in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study in Austria. Specially trained and certified technicians conducted pre-BD and post-BD spirometry according to American Thoracic Society guidelines and administered standardized questionnaires. A total of 93% of the post-BD test sessions were acceptable, and were included in this analysis. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reference equations were used to calculate predicted values and lower limits of normal (LLN) for FEV(1), FEV(6), FVC, FEV(1)/FVC, and FEV(1)/FEV(6).The post-BD FEV(1)/FVC was below the LLN in 199 (15.8%) subjects. The sensitivity of the FEV(1)/FEV(6) for airway obstruction depended greatly on the threshold of percent predicted FEV(1) also used in the definition. The overall sensitivity of FEV(1)/FEV(6) for a diagnosis of airway obstruction, as defined by FEV(1)/FVC (including participants with an FEV(1) above the LLN), was 72.9%, with 98.8% specificity. The sensitivity increased to 98.0% when a low FEV(1) was also required to diagnose post-BD airway obstruction. The discordant cases had long forced expiratory times, often showed a flow-volume curve pattern consistent with two-compartment emptying, and were more often never-smokers.Six-second spirometry maneuvers (which measure FEV(6)) are as sensitive and specific for post-BD airway obstruction as traditional (prolonged exhalation time) FVC maneuvers only when the definition of airway obstruction includes a low FEV(1).
Carcinogenicity of &lt;italic&gt;7H&lt;/italic&gt;-Dibenzo[&lt;italic&gt;c,g&lt;/italic&gt;]carbazole in the Respiratory Tract of Hamsters&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Arthur Sellakumar, Philippe Shubik
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Two groups of male Syrian golden hamsters received, respectively, 15 and 30 weekly intratracheal instillations of 7H-dibenzo-[c,g]carbazole (7H-DBC) suspended with an equal amount of hematite in saline. Both groups had high incidence of tumors in the respiratory tract. In the group that received the higher dose (45 mg total), 30 of 35 animals (86%) had respiratory tract tumors. Fifty percent of the tumors were squamous cell carcinomas, with the first tumor appearing in the bronchus as early as the 15th week. The hamsters treated with the lower dose (15 mg total) had similar incidences of respiratory tract tumors (89%). In this group, 64% of the animals bore a total of 51 squamous cell carcinomas, with the first tumor appearing in the trachea at the 30th week. Most tumors in both groups arose from the epithelium of the bronchi and trachea; a few arose in the larynx. The present result demonstrates the high potent carcinogenic activity of 7H-DBC in there spiratory system.
Partially matched bone marrow transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.
Authors: N J Bunin, J T Casper, C Chitambar, J Hunter, R Truitt, J Menitove, B M Camitta, R Ash
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Six patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) were treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) using partially-matched related (3) or unrelated (3) donors. Patients' ages ranged from 7 to 31 years (median, 10 years). Bone marrow karyotype abnormalities were present in five patients included four with monosomy 7 and one with trisomy 8. One patient was in complete remission before transplant; the remaining five had excess of blasts or were undergoing leukemic transformation. Donor, and recipient were mismatched at the DR locus (2), A locus (2), B locus (1), or A and B loci (1). Conditioning included busulfan, cytarabine, cyclophosphamide, methylprednisolone, and total body irradiation. Cyclosporine was started on day -1. Marrows were T-cell depleted using a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (CD3) and normal rabbit serum. Four patients engrafted routinely. One patient died of aspergillosis before engraftment (day 12) and one patient failed to engraft on first attempt, but engrafted following additional preparation. Median time to neutrophils greater than 500/microL and platelets greater than 25,000/microL were 16 and 19 days, respectively. Acute graft-v-host disease (GVHD) was less than or equal to grade II in all patients. One patient died with recurrent disease (day 257). One patient died at day 515 of pancreatitis and respiratory failure. Three patients are alive and disease-free at 240, 395, and 560 days post-BMT including two patients with unrelated donors. Partially matched T-depleted bone marrow from related or unrelated donors may be effective, and possibly curative therapy for patients with MDS who lack a histocompatibility locus antigen (HLA)-identical sibling donor.
Immunity to Carcinogen-Induced Transplantable Fibrosarcomas in B2/B2 Chickens. IV. Effect of Whole-Body Gamma Radiation on Localization and Growth of Intravenously Injected Tumor Cells2
Authors: M. A. Palladino, J. E. Galton, G. M. Hochwald, G. J. Thorbecke
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Growth of a chemically induced transplantable fibrosarcoma (SCFSI) was observed 2 weeks after iv injection of tumor cells into histocompatible B2/B2 (SC) chickens. Approximately 30% of recipients had tumor nodules in the stomach mucosa and pancreas, 10% in the lungs, and less than 10% in the heart. No relationship between initial localization of 51Cr-labeled SCFSI cells and sites of tumor growth was seen: Labeled cells localized primarily in liver (50%), lungs (24%), and spleen (3%). Total-body irradiation with gamma rays greatly enhanced tumor growth in stomach, pancreas, kidneys, heart, lungs, skeletal muscles, and liver, but tumor nodules were not detected in spleen, thymus gland, bursa, or brain. Repeated iv injections of Corynebacterlum parvum prevented tumor growth in both irradiated and normal chickens. Recipients 1 week old showed as much tumor growth with or without irradiation, which suggested that the effect of irradiation in older recipients was partly due to damage of the immune response. Agammaglobulinemic chickens did not show more tumor growth than did normal recipients. Prior injection of soybean trypsin inhibitor did not prevent the enhanced tumor growth caused by irradiation, although this inhibitor is known to protect against the damaging effect of irradiation on blood vessels in the chicken. Tumor cells from two additional SCFS lines (II and IV) also grew in the stomach and pancreas, but SCFSII was never found in heart or skeletal muscle, even in irradiated chickens. The results suggest that the sites of tumor growth were determined by various factors including local effects such as favorable environment for growth in certain organs, immunologic resistance, and possible blood flow or vascular influences.
Radiology of pulmonary turberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection in Gulu, Uganda
Authors: PO Awil, SJ Bowlin, TM Daniel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a major complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The radiographic manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients are not typical of those seen in immunologically normal individuals. We sought to determine whether these manifestations provide clues to the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons. The radiographic manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis were reviewed and classified in 82 HIV-positive and 53 HIV-negative tuberculous patients in Gulu, Uganda. Pulmonary presentations of tuberculosis were more acute in HIV-positive patients, and often included hilar or mediastinal adenopathy and pleural effusions, findings typical of primary tuberculosis in immunologically normal individuals. Many patients also had chronic forms of tuberculosis, either alone or in combination with acute disease. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that reactivation of latent infections and progression of pre-existent chronic disease produce a substantial portion of the tuberculosis burden of HIV-positive persons in Uganda. Tuberculosis control efforts should extend beyond efforts at decreasing transmission of new infections.
Annual recollection of exacerbations in patients with COPD: Impact on physical activity
Authors: Heleen Demeyer, Miek Hornikx, Maarten Spruyt, Marc Decramer, Wim Janssens, Thierry Troosters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rationale 

The number of exacerbations in the previous year has shown to be the best predictor of new exacerbations. The ability to recall exacerbations may lead to misclassification of patients and may have consequences on patients' phenotype.

Methods 

47 patients with COPD (FEV1 65±21%pred) reported on a monthly basis all health care contacts and changes in medication. After 12 months they were asked to report the number of exacerbations they had experienced. At this timepoint the daily amount of steps was measured for 1 week with the Actigraph. High exacerbation rate (HER) was defined as having 2 or more exacerbations per year.

Results 

Annual reporting resulted in less exacerbations compared to monthly reports (1.1 ±1.5 vs. 1.6±1.5, p<0.01). Based on monthly reports (set as golden standard) 21 patients were defined as HER, 26 as low. One year recollection has a sensitivity of 43% and specificity of 100% in identifying patients with HER. Corrected for lung function, the amount of steps was lower in the low, compared to the high exacerbators (p=0.03). There was no difference in the high exacerbation group between patients with a high or low 1 year recall (p=0.70).

![Figure][1] 



Conclusion 

Annual recollection underestimates the exacerbation rate. This underestimation may have implications as patients with HER on monthly reporting have low PA levels regardless of their classification based on annual recall.

 [1]: pending:yes