tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Azlocillin and Serum Uric Acid
Authors: HENRY M. FARIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1983Azlocillin and Serum Uric AcidHENRY M. FARIS JR., M.D., DAVID W. POTTS, M.D.HENRY M. FARIS JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID W. POTTS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-3-414_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a clinical evaluation of azlocillin, we administered 21 courses of therapy to 16 adult patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections between June and November 1982. The incidental finding of relative hypouricemia during azlocillin treatment prompts us to document this previously unreported observation.The average serum uric acid level before treatment was 5.47 mg/dL. The average level during treatment was 3.15 mg/dL, with most determinations being done on the fourth or fifth day. Treatment courses ranged from 5 to 28 days. Eighteen courses were associated with decreases in uric acid during treatment (average decrease, 3.0 mg/dL), two with... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HENRY M. FARISJR., M.D.; DAVID W. POTTS, M.D.Affiliations: Henry Woodward Clinic, P.A. Greenville Hospital System Greenville, SC 29605 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Novel Therapeutic Implications of Azlocillin's Dose-Dependent Pharmacokinetics: Contributing Physiologic Mechanisms and a Prospective, Cross-Over Designed TrialEffect of azlocillin on uric acid levels in serum 1 March 1983Volume 98, Issue 3Page: 414-414KeywordsPseudomonas infectionsUric acid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
A critical role for the chimpanzee model in the study of hepatitis C
Authors: Jens Bukh
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Chimpanzees remain the only recognized animal model for the study of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Studies performed in chimpanzees played a critical role in the discovery of HCV and are continuing to play an essential role in defining the natural history of this important human pathogen. In the absence of a reproducible cell culture system, the infectivity titer of HCV challenge pools can be determined only in chimpanzees. Recent studies in chimpanzees have provided new insight into the nature of host immune responses—particularly the intrahepatic responses—following primary and secondary experimental HCV infections. The immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccine candidates against HCV can be tested only in chimpanzees. Finally, it would not have been possible to demonstrate the infectivity of infectious clones of HCV without chimpanzees. Chimpanzees became infected when RNA transcripts from molecular clones were inoculated directly into the liver. The infection generated by such transfection did not differ significantly from that observed in animals infected intravenously with wild-type HCV. The RNA inoculated into chimpanzees originated from a single sequence, and the animals therefore had a monoclonal HCV infection. Monoclonal infection simplifies studies of HCV, because virus interaction with the host is not confounded by the quasispecies invariably present in a natural infection. It furthermore permits true homologous challenge in studies of protective immunity and in testing the efficacy of vaccine candidates. Finally, this in vivo transfection system has made it possible to test for the first time the importance of genetic elements for HCV infectivity. (Hepatology 2004;39:1469-1475.)
Portrait of an oocyte: our obscure origin
Authors: Roger Gosden, Bora Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Oocytes play a pivotal role in the cycle of human life. As we discuss here, after emerging from germline stem cells in the fetus, they grow in a follicular niche in which development is harmonized for timely ovulation and hormone secretion after puberty. Most human oocytes have poor developmental competence and are peculiarly vulnerable to chromosomal malsegregation, especially as women pass the optimal years of fertility and may begin to turn to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and egg donation. Research needs to focus on the molecular factors involved and the environmental niche required for optimal development of oocytes, with the aim of increasing their numbers and quality for ARTs, since these are the factors that so often limit human fertility.
Computed Tomography and Contrast Enhancement
Authors: JACK O. GREENBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1979Computed Tomography and Contrast EnhancementJACK O. GREENBERG, M.D., CHAIRMAN, HARRIS HOUSER, M.D., GEORGE SHEPHERD, M.D., HENRY HARRIS, M.D., ANGELO ALVES, M.D., IMMANUEL MIER, M.D., GERALD MORLEY, M.D.JACK O. GREENBERG, M.D., CHAIRMANSearch for more papers by this author, HARRIS HOUSER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GEORGE SHEPHERD, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HENRY HARRIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ANGELO ALVES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, IMMANUEL MIER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GERALD MORLEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-5-858_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: At the Second Annual Meeting of the Society For Computerized Tomography and Neuro-Imaging held at Hilton Head, North Carolina, 29 October 1978, the subject of contrast enhancement in computed tomography (CT) scanning was discussed. The generally agreed upon indications for the use of intravenous contrast to help delineate lesions of the brain are as follows:1. Previously treated brain tumors.2. Abnormal isotope scans, cerebral arteriograms, or other positive neurodiagnostic tests.3. Possible posterior fossa lesions, especially cerebellar pontine angle tumor.4. Metastatic disease.5. Arteriovenous malformations or aneurysms.6. Patients with focal central nervous system signs.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: COMMITTEE FOR UTILIZATION AND PEER REVIEW SOCIETY FOR COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY & NEURO-IMAGING 25 Prescott Street; Atlanta, GA 30308 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1979Volume 90, Issue 5Page: 858-859KeywordsAneurysmsArteriovenous malformationBrainCentral nervous systemComputed axial tomographyComputersLesionsTomography Issue Published: 1 May 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Typhoid outbreak prompts protests over inadequate water system
Authors: Pat Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A failure in the water delivery system in a small town near Johannesburg, Delmas, has caused a serious outbreak of typhoid fever. Three people are dead and more than 400 confirmed as having the disease.

Another 2500 have diarrhoea, which may be connected to the outbreak. These figures are expected to rise.

Nurses have been brought into the area from nearby Gauteng province. Freshwater is being bussed into the area by tanker and the government is now providing some 13 000 households with freshwater while solutions are found for the …
Effects of Changing Diagnostic Criteria on the Risk of Developing Diabetes
Authors: Sean F Dinneen, David Maldonado, Cynthia L Leibson, George G Klee, Hongzhe Li, L Joseph Melton, Robert A Rizza
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has recommended that the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level used to diagnose diabetes be changed from 7.8 mmol/l (the level recommended by the National Diabetes Data Group [NDDG] in 1979) to 7.0 mmol/l. We examined the impact of this change on rates of progression to overt diabetes from different levels of FPG. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using the laboratory database of Mayo Clinic, we assembled a cohort of 8,098 nondiabetic Olmsted County residents 40 years of age or older on 1 July 1983. Subjects were followed for a median of 9 years. RESULTS Among 7,567 individuals with follow-up FPG data, 778 (10.3%) progressed to ADA diabetes and 513 (6.8%; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) progressed to NDDG diabetes. The risk of developing ADA diabetes was 7, 19, and 39% for individuals with initial FPG values in the ranges of &amp;lt;5.6, 5.6–6.0, and 6.1–6.9 mmol/l, respectively. For progression to NDDG diabetes, the respective risks were 3, 11, and 25%. A clear gradient of risk was observed within the “normal” range of FPG (&amp;lt;5.6 mmol/l). Among the 793 individuals who developed ADA diabetes, 222 (29%) developed NDDG diabetes simultaneously and 291 (37%) developed NDDG diabetes later. In all FPG subgroups, progression to ADA diabetes occurred ∼7 years sooner than progression to NDDG diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The baseline level of FPG is a major predictor of an individual's risk of developing diabetes. The proposed change in the diagnostic criteria for diabetes will lead to earlier diagnosis among individuals who are destined to develop the disease.
The Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Positive Tuberculin Skin Tests in a Steroid-Treated Asthmatic Population
Authors: MICHAEL SCHATZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

The prevalence of active tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests was assessed in 132 corticosteroid-treated asthmatics for an evaluation period that represented 620 corticosteroid-years of therapy. There was no evidence of active tuberculosis in any of these patients. Positive intermediate-strength tuberculin tests were present in 28% of patients and correlated with increased age. In patients treated with daily corticosteroids, tuberculin negativity was associated with a higher dose of corticosteroids. Positive second-strength tuberculin tests were found in 42.3% of the patients with negative intermediate-strength tests and also correlated with increased age. Based on these data as well as the prevalence of significant liver disease in older patients receiving isoniazid (INH), routine INH chemoprophylaxis for corticosteroid-treated asthmatic patients, regardless of their tuberculin cutaneous reactivity, is not indicated.
Invisible Frontiers: The Race to Synthesize the Human Gene
Authors: Robert M. Cook-Degan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>Natural Obsessions: The Search for the Oncogene, by Natalie Angier, 394 pp, $19.95, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1988.</h3> The quest for Nobel gold looms large in two books by science journalists that capture the rough and tumble world of molecular biology in the 1980s. Stephen Hall's<i>Invisible Frontiers</i>is a terrific book with a somewhat misleading title; Natalie Angier's<i>Natural Obsessions</i>is a tantalizing but marred work. Angier's work is widely available and well marketed; Hall's is harder to find but well worth the search. Each book describes the brutal intellectual darwinism that dominates the high-stakes world of molecular genetics research. Stephen Hall tells the story of the race (more accurately, the many component races) to clone the insulin gene and get bacteria to produce the insulin peptide. The story includes the genesis of Genentech and Biogen (prominent new biotechnology companies), illustrates the breakneck pace of modern molecular biology, and graphically
A time-series analysis of acidic particulate matter and daily mortality and morbidity in the Buffalo, New York, region.
Authors: R C Gwynn, R T Burnett, G D Thurston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

A component of particulate matter (PM) air pollution that may provide one biologically plausible pathway for the observed PM air pollution-health effect associations is aerosol acidity (H(+)). An increasing number of observational studies have demonstrated associations between H(+) and increased adverse health effects in the United States and abroad. Although studies have shown significant H(+) associations with increased morbidity in the United States, similar associations have yet to be shown with daily mortality. We considered a 2.5-year record of daily H(+) and sulfate measurements (May 1988-October 1990) collected in the Buffalo, New York, region in a time-series analysis of respiratory, circulatory, and total daily mortality and hospital admissions. Other copollutants considered included particulate matter [less than/equal to] 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter, coefficient of haze, ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Various modeling techniques were applied to control for confounding of effect estimates due to seasonality, weather, and day-of-week effects. We found multiple significant pollutant-health effect associations--most strongly between SO(4)(2-) and respiratory hospital admissions (as indicated by its t-statistic). Additionally, H(+) and SO(4)(2-) demonstrated the most coherent associations with both respiratory hospital admissions [H(+): relative risk (RR) = 1. 31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-1.51; and SO(4)(2-): RR = 1. 18, CI, 1.09-1.28] and respiratory mortality (H(+): RR = 1.55, CI, 1. 09-2.20; and SO(4)(2-): RR = 1.24, CI, 1.01-1.52). Thus, acidic sulfate aerosols represent a component of PM air pollution that may contribute to the previously noted adverse effects of PM mass on human health, and the associations demonstrated in this study support the need for further investigations into the potential health effects of acidic aerosols.
Trench-foot in Peacetime England
Authors: R. C. King, J. A. Parrish, A. Allibone
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Cerebral infarction is similarly due to a discrepancy be- tween cerebral supply and demand for oxygen.Under adequate general anaesthesia, oxygen demands of the brain are so reduced (to less than half their normal value), that, unless gross anoxia such as that due to delay in treatment of cardiac arrest occurs, the oxygen supply is likely to be adequate.The brain is in a relatively protected state.Of the three patients in the current series whose cerebral in- farcts occurred in the first week (on the day of operation and the first post-operative day), two had operations under local and one under spinal anaesthesia, so that this protec- tion was lacking.Later in the post-operative course, con- tinued narcotic administration, without the artificially aug- mented respiration of the operating-room, may cause respir- atory depression and cerebral anoxia.Unfortunately it is the garrulous and wakeful patient with cerebral arterio- sclerosis and a reversal of the normal sleep rhythm who is particularly likely to receive heavy nocturnal sedation.The REFERENcs
PRESSURE TREATMENT OF MAXILLARY SINUSITIS
Authors: Eugene L. Bauer
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:—  Regarding the article Pressure Treatment of Maxillary Sinusitis by J. Mathews Robison inThe Journal(page 436, May 31), I would like to say that this article is interesting and worth reading from the academic and philosophical viewpoint, but I doubt that it has any real practical application for the operating room.
Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Lumbar Spine
Authors: J. S. Lawrence, J. Sharp, J. Ball, F. Bier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1964)

Although the radiological appearances of rheu- matoid arthritis of the cervical spine are now well recognized there is little information on the changes, if any, to be expected in the dorsal and lumbar spine.We have encountered only three papers dealing with rheumatoid arthritis in this part of the spine.Baggenstoss, Bickel, and Ward (1952) and Lorber, Pearson, and Rene (1961) have reported rheumatoid granulomatous nodules in lumbar vertebrae with destructive changes and Seaman and Wells (1961) have observed fusion of two dorsal vertebrae after disappearance of the disk in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. MethodThe present study is concerned mainly with radio- logical changes of rheumatoid arthritis in the lumbar spine.The method employed was identical with that used in devising criteria for cervical rheumatoid arthritis (Sharp, Purser, and Lawrence, 1958).Routine lateral x rays of the lumbar spine from patients admitted to the Manchester Royal Infirmary with clinical evidence of rheumatoid arthritis and from persons having a positive sheep-cell agglutination test (SCAT) were used.The latter were discovered on routine testing of population samples in Leigh, Lancashire, and the Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales.These "rheumatoid" x rays were compared with lumbar spine x rays from the random samples as a whole; all those used in this study were of persons aged 55 to 64 years.From this initial study certain diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis in the lumbar spine were determined and these were then applied in a blind reading by two observers of all radiographs of the lumbar spine in persons aged 55 to 64 years in the population samples in Leigh and the Vale of Glamorgan, each radiograph being graded 0-4 for rheumatoid arthritis.Subsequently 100 selected films were re-read twice by one observer to determine the extent of intra-observer differences in grading.
Intermittent hypoxia in patients with unexplained polycythaemia.
Authors: J C Moore-Gillon, D F Treacher, E J Gaminara, T C Pearson, I R Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The aetiology of polycythaemia is unclear in up to 30% of patients. Twenty patients with unexplained polycythaemia were investigated to see whether they had an intermittent hypoxic stimulus to erythropoiesis that was undetected by conventional investigations for hypoxic secondary polycythaemia. Overnight polygraphic sleep studies showed that five patients had prolonged nocturnal hypoxaemia. Their arterial oxygen saturation was below 92%, the level at which appreciable hypoxic stimulation of erythropoiesis occurs, for 26-68% of the time for which they were studied. Considerable evidence is accumulating that intermittent hypoxia is a potent stimulus to erythropoiesis, and clinicians should consider the possibility of nocturnal hypoxia in patients with unexplained polycythaemia. Appropriate investigation will lead to the correct diagnosis of polycythaemia secondary to hypoxia in some cases previously regarded as idiopathic, and treatment may then be planned accordingly.
The Ambulist, a Counterpart of the Hospitalist
Authors: Vincent A. DeLuca
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters1 February 2000The Ambulist, a Counterpart of the HospitalistVincent A. DeLuca Jr., MDVincent A. DeLuca Jr., MDGriffin Hospital; Derby, CT 06418 (DeLuca)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-3-200002010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:A great deal of thought and concern is being given to the hospital-based physician, the hospitalist (1, 2), but very little to the major consequences that this new role has for physicians now restricting their medical practice to ambulatory patients. I am introducing the term “ambulist” to designate this outpatient physician—in essence, a counterpart of the hospitalist.Hospitalists are attractive to hospitals because of their potential for increasing market share and providing more cost-effective hospital medical care. Ambulists are willing to relinquish total care of their patients for the benefits of having less disruptive practices. However, because ...References1. Wachter RM, Goldman L. The emerging role of “hospitalists” in the American health care system. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:514-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Wachter RM, Goldman L. The hospitalist movement in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1999; 13:(4 pt 2):337-88. Google Scholar3. Kassirer JP. Redesigning graduate medical education—location and content. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:507-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DeLuca VA. Continuing medical education: establishing requirements and coordinating teaching activities. J Med Educ. 1977;52:926-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Vincent A. DeLucaJr., MDAffiliations: Griffin Hospital; Derby, CT 06418 (DeLuca) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoForeword Robert M. Wachter Metrics Cited by3. Future Vision of the Fellow of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine (FJSIM) from the Point of View of the Generalist of Internal Medicine.3. Future Vision of the Fellow of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine (FJSIM) from the Point of View of the Generalist of Internal Medicine 1 February 2000Volume 132, Issue 3Page: 247KeywordsForecastingHealth careHealth care qualityHospitalistsMedical educationOutpatientsPatientsResidency ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The ?early-sorting? endocytic compartment of rat hepatocytes is involved in the intracellular pathway of caveolin-1 (VIP-21)
Authors: Albert Pol, Maria Calvo, Albert Lu, Carlos Enrich
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The sinusoidal plasma membrane of the hepatocyte is organized into functional and structural microdomains whose origin, maintenance, and functioning are closely related with the endocytic compartment. Three different subcellular fractions, from rat liver, containing caveolin–1, the structural protein of caveolae, were morphologically and biochemically characterized. A caveolae–enriched plasma membrane fraction (CEF), contains large membrane structures surrounding attached internal plasmalemmal vesicles; the receptor–recycling compartment (RRC), contains tubules and vesicles with similar morphology to the internal vesicles observed by electron microscopy in CEF; and finally, caveolin–1 was also detected in early–sorting endosomes (CURL, compartment of uncoupling receptors and ligands). In this study, we show that following an intravenous administration of retinol–binding protein (RBP), there was a redistribution of caveolin–1 from the plasma membrane (CEF) to intracellular endocytic compartments (RRC and early–sorting endosomes). Thus, these results indicate that, in the hepatocyte, caveolae are dynamic structures actively interacting with the endocytic compartment.
Changes in potential difference across the human buccal mucosa with buffered or unbuffered aspirin and salicylate.
Authors: B J Whittle, K A Makki, J O'Grady
Journal: Gut (1981)

The potential difference (PD) across the gastric mucosa is an index of mucosal integrity, and is lowered by topical application of irritants such as aspirin. There are basic similarities in the PD across the buccal and gastric mucosae, and we have therefore investigated the actions of various salicylates in buffered or un-buffered solution on buccal PD in human subjects. Aspirin (at pH 2) and soluble aspirin (pH 4.4) applied topically reduced buccal PD, but this fall was abolished by buffering to pH 7. Sodium salicylate likewise reduced buccal PD at pH 4 and pH 6, but not when buffered to pH 7. Two other soluble aspirin mixtures also reduced buccal PD, indicating insufficient buffering capacity to prevent topical irritancy. Ingestion of aspirin (600 mg), avoiding topical contact with the buccal mucosa, did not alter buccal PD. Paracetamol applied topically likewise failed to reduce buccal PD. Measurement of buccal PD may be useful in the preliminary assessment of the gastrointestinal irritation provoked by anti-inflammatory and other compounds.