tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOLOGIC STUDIES OF HEART TISSUE
Authors: Melvin H. Kaplan, Mary Meyeserian, Irving Kushner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Reactions of normal and pathologic sera with heart tissue have been investigated by the immunofluorescent method, with particular reference to presumptive autoantibodies to heart and their differentiation from blood group isoantibodies and Wassermann antibody. In the heart, blood group substances A and B were found distributed in capillary walls, vascular endothelium, and interstitial connective tissue. In surveys of randomly selected sera, isoimmune reactions against tissue blood group substances A and B were noted infrequently. This finding was considered related to the limited sensitivity of fluorescent antibody methods. Heart tissue from blood group O individuals was used for screening of pathologic sera for presence of tissue-reactive factors. Wassermann antibody was found reactive with constituents of myocardial sarcoplasm, of which the major reactant was cardiolipin. Wassermann-positive sera absorbed with beef cardiolipin gave evidence of reaction with other constituents of myofiber sarcoplasm. Sera of patients with rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, disseminated lupus, and liver disease frequently showed a marked reactivity with constituents of myofiber sarcoplasm. These serum factors were differentiated from Wassermann antibody. At least three patterns of immunofluorescent staining could be differentiated by the distribution of reactants in the myofiber sarcoplasm. These reactants were extractable with ethanol and methanol but not by acetone. Sera found reactive by immunofluorescence frequently gave positive flocculation and complement-fixation tests with alcohol extracts of human heart. Immunofluorescent tests were best correlated with flocculation reactions. Sarcoplasmic-reactive factors were associated in some sera with 19S gamma globulin as demonstrated by the use of fluorescent anti-19S gamma globulin. Serologic reactions with homologous or autologous heart were observed particularly frequently with sera from rheumatic patients approximately 2 weeks following cardiac surgery, as well as in some non-rheumatic patients following cardiac or thoracic surgery or acute myocardial infarction. The pathogenetic significance of these presumptive autoantibodies to heart is unknown. As yet, no definite conclusions may be drawn regarding their relationship to bound gamma globulin in rheumatic hearts or to the postcardiotomy and post-infarction syndromes.
A Susceptibility Locus for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma on Chromosome 8q24
Authors: Huiling He, Rebecca Nagy, Sandya Liyanarachchi, Hong Jiao, Wei Li, Saul Suster, Juha Kere, Albert de la Chapelle
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) displays higher heritability than most other cancers. To search for genes predisposing to PTC, we performed a genome-wide linkage analysis in a large family with PTC and melanoma. Among several peaks the highest was at 8q24, with a maximum nonparametric linkage (NPL) score of 7.03. Linkage analysis was then broadened to comprise 25 additional PTC families that produced a maximum NPL score of 3.2, P = 0.007 at the 8q24 locus. Fine mapping with microsatellite markers was compatible with linkage to the 8q24 locus in 10 of the 26 families. In the large family, a approximately 320 Kb haplotype was shared by individuals with PTC, melanoma, or benign thyroid disease, but not by unaffected individuals. A 12 Kb haplotype of 8 SNP markers within the larger haplotype was shared by 9 of the 10 families in which the 8q24 locus was compatible with linkage. The shared haplotype is located within 2 known overlapping protein-coding genes, thyroglobulin (TG) and Src-like adaptor (SLA). Resequencing of the coding and control regions of TG and SLA did not disclose putative mutations in PTC patients. Embedded in the TG-SLA region are three likely noncoding RNA genes, one of which (AK023948) harbors the 8-SNP haplotype. Resequencing of AK023948 and one of the other RNA genes did not reveal candidate mutations. Gene expression analysis indicated that AK023948 is significantly down-regulated in most PTC tumors. The putative noncoding RNA gene AK023948 is a candidate susceptibility gene for PTC.
In a Dark Time... Is There a Doctor in the House?
Authors: Keith Berndtson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Professional medicine has enough problems on its hands without taking on the threat of nuclear war. Besides, that's a job for politicians and nuclear experts. You have a vote as a citizen, use it. Things seem stable enough anyway. The role of the physician in nuclear war prevention, if any, should be to educate people about the medical consequences of nuclear war, and nothing else. Medicine and politics shouldn't mix! Over the past several years, I have logged observations like these with impatience. Granted, theincidence of nuclear war has been low since 1945. But the incidence of suicide is low in the suicidal person—until it happens, and then it's too late. The consequences of a nuclear catastrophe would be tragic and irreversible on a scale so large it boggles the mind. The threat of nuclear catastrophe presents to the medical profession the kind of challenge for which political neutrality is
Role of the thermic effect of food in malnutrition of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: M F Doré, J P Laaban, E Orvoën-Frija, B Kouchakji, M Joubert, J Rochemaure
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Malnutrition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is classically ascribed to an increased resting energy expenditure (REE) secondary to high cost of breathing. However, malnutrition correlates only weakly with the severity of respiratory dysfunction, which suggests other mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible role of diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between DIT and nutritional status, in particular fat-free mass (FFM) estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis in 26 patients with stable COPD (mean FEV1 +/- SEM = 36.5 +/- 3.8% of predicted). Ten patients were undernourished (weight < 90% of ideal body weight [IBW] and/or FFM < 69% of IBW), and 16 were normally nourished. Diet-induced thermogenesis was determined by comparing postprandial energy expenditure and REE, the latter being measured after an overnight fast and the former over 4 h after a mixed test meal of 0.4 times REE load. No statistical difference in DIT was found between undernourished and eutrophic patients. There was no relationship between DIT and nutritional or functional parameters, notably FFM. These results suggest that malnutrition is not a consequence of an increased DIT.
Four out of five doctors who emigrate from France to UK satisfied with move
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

More than 80% of French doctors who settle in the United Kingdom are either satisfied or very satisfied with the move, a report says ( Revue d’Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique 2008;56:360-73).

Disappointed with conditions in France, including pay and career prospects, they are finding that the NHS provides a better environment.

One in eight French doctors who work in the United Kingdom, who took part in the survey, emigrated purely for professional reasons. The results also show that all the doctors valued the salaried status, organisation of working hours, and …
Teen fitness is linked to reduced risk of myocardial infarction in later life, Swedish study finds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A large cohort study has found a graded association in men between aerobic fitness in late adolescence and myocardial infarction several decades later.1

The study, published in the European Heart Journal , analysed data from 743 498 Swedish men who underwent a medical examination at the age of 18, when they were conscripted into the army, between 1969 and 1984. At that time the men’s aerobic fitness and muscle strength were measured. …
Mechanisms by which common variants in the TCF7L2 gene increase risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Valeriya Lyssenko, Roberto Lupi, Piero Marchetti, Silvia Del Guerra, Marju Orho-Melander, Peter Almgren, Marketa Sjögren, Charlotte Ling, Karl-Fredrik Eriksson, υsa-Linda Lethagen, Rita Mancarella, Göran Berglund, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Peter Nilsson, Stefano Del Prato, Leif Groop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Genetic variants in the gene encoding for transcription factor-7–like 2 (TCF7L2) have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and impaired β cell function, but the mechanisms have remained unknown. We therefore studied prospectively the ability of common variants in TCF7L2 to predict future T2D and explored the mechanisms by which they would do this. Scandinavian subjects followed for up to 22 years were genotyped for 3 SNPs (rs7903146, rs12255372, and rs10885406) in TCF7L2, and a subset of them underwent extensive metabolic studies. Expression of TCF7L2 was related to genotype and metabolic parameters in human islets. The CT/TT genotypes of SNP rs7903146 strongly predicted future T2D in 2 independent cohorts (Swedish and Finnish). The risk T allele was associated with impaired insulin secretion, incretin effects, and enhanced rate of hepatic glucose production. TCF7L2 expression in human islets was increased 5-fold in T2D, particularly in carriers of the TT genotype. Overexpression of TCF7L2 in human islets reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In conclusion, the increased risk of T2D conferred by variants in TCF7L2 involves the enteroinsular axis, enhanced expression of the gene in islets, and impaired insulin secretion.
Why I Am in Favor of Compulsory Health Insurance
Authors: Channing Frothingham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE Committee on the Costs of Medical Care1 demonstrated in 1932 important problems in the delivery of medical care in the United States. The Committee disagreed on the best method to solve them. In 1937 the American Foundation's report2 confirmed these problems. About 1942 the rejections by Selective Service emphasized the lack of medical care for certain citizens in a particular age group. Unfortunately, discussion about these figures has not clarified the subject. Both President Roosevelt and President Truman have urged improvement in the delivery of medical care. The bills related to medical care before the Congress today and the . . .
A4.1 1.25(OH)2D3Modulates Gene Expression Involved in Phenotype Stability and Migration of Th17 Cells from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: W Dankers, JP van Hamburg, PS Asmawidjaja, N Davelaar, SMJ Paulissen, K Wen, AMC Mus, EM Colin, JPTM van Leeuwen, JMW Hazes, E Lubberts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Vitamin D has suppressive effects on autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Within these diseases, T-helper-17 (Th17) cells have been implicated to play a crucial role in the development and progression of chronic inflammation. Recently, we have found that the active vitamin D compound, 1.25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>, has direct suppressive effects on both human and mouse Th17 cytokine expression and activity. Using gene-expression profiling, we aim to identify molecular targets of 1.25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> signalling underlying this suppressive action of 1.25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> in Th17 cells. <h3>Methods</h3> Primary Th17 cells were sorted from peripheral blood of treatment naïve patients with early RA and cultured with or without 1.25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>. From these cultures gene-expression profiles were generated. Expression of genes of interest was confirmed by Q-PCR and/or specific ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> In the presence of 1.25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>, protein expression of Th17 associated cytokines IL-17A and IL-22 was inhibited, while in contrast the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was induced. These findings were supported by the gene-expression profiles from these cultures. Furthermore, 1.25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> inhibited transcription of the cytokine receptors IL-23R and IL-7R, which are involved in Th17 survival and proliferation. Chemokines CCL20 and CXCL10 were down-regulated and chemokine receptors CCR2, CXCR6, CXCR3 and CCR10 were up-regulated. Importantly, RORγ t, which is critically involved in Th17 differentiation and function and the cell-size regulator and oncogene c-Myc were down-regulated by 1.25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>. <h3>Conclusions</h3> From these findings, we concluded that 1.25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> modulates the expression of genes involved in cytokine production, proliferation, and migration of Th17 cells. These data indicate that 1.25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> not only suppresses Th17 cell activity but also regulates Th17 phenotype stability and migration of these cells to sites of tissue inflammation in RA.
Wants the Discussion Continued.
Authors: James A. Hopkins
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Milton, Del., Oct. 9, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —We have been watching the controversy which has been going on between Drs. Woodbridge and Upshur, yet it has not been interesting or edifying to your readers for we have been looking for them to say something to confirm the abortive treatment of typhoid fever or<i>vice versa</i>. While we have not been able to indorse all that Dr. Woodbridge claims, yet we have reason to believe that there is some good in it and the antiseptics which he uses. We have ever believed in antisepticising of the alimentary canal in every disease, and purging out the accumulation of the ages, following this with some antiseptic remedy. There can never any harm occur from this course, but many, many times great good. But let the doctors comment and criticise each other as they may about the abortive treatment of Dr. W., however
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Authors: David Yi-Yung Hsia, Fred H. Allen, Sydney S. Gellis, Louis K. Diamond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

A MOST important complication of erythroblastosis fetalis is brain damage, commonly known as kernicterus,1 which has in the past affected about 15 per cent of liveborn infants with erythroblastosis. About 70 per cent of babies with kernicterus die within seven days of birth, and many of the remainder succumb during the first year to infectious diseases. Kernicterus is thus the most important cause of post-natal death in erythroblastosis fetalis. Babies with kernicterus who do not die have permanent neurologic sequelae, and constitute perhaps 10 per cent of all cases of cerebral palsy. Kernicterus has been proved to be preventable by . . .
The Intermediary Metabolism of Cholesterol
Authors: KONRAD BLOCH
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Animal tissues synthesize cholesterol from metabolities of small molecular size, principally cholesterol. This synthetic process is known to take place in the liver but may also occur in other organs. In all tissues, with the exception of brain and nerve, cholesterol is continually regenerated. Cholesterol is the parent substance which the animal organism uses to produce bile acids, progesterone and possibly also other steroid hormones. The catabolism of cholesterol leads to the formation of several saturated, metabolically inert sterols, cholestenone presumably being the common intermediate.
Radiotherapy for Conditions Other Than Cancer
Authors: C.M. Ross
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article Radiotherapy for Conditions Other Than Cancer Get access C.M. Ross C.M. Ross Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 10, 1 October 1968, Page 692, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb11922.x Published: 01 October 1968
The left ventricular end diastolic pressure may not be uniquely related to the end diastolic volume in heart failure
Authors: William Stevenson-Smith, Steven Solomon, Guillaume Jondeau, Kang-xiong Liao, Tadashi Tanoue, Monir Shikan, Anil Khullar, Chaim Yoran, Edward L. Yellin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
The Address in Medicine
Authors: H. F. A. Goodridge
Journal: BMJ (1878)

THE etiological aspect of certain specific fevers aP4.febwaieprqpew bowso engrosseattention of late, ai2I sulhh nicouraging -. resul have autded the -sthdy of t'he same, that in4iftetv into tie6 esiinal lattre and 2fiiieanlism of fever i;1 gner&l; pye4 '4aas it is 'cgld' 'e iu/ dofrQf'S1ipping into .tM13giun4.Y a 1y-he4 ttea aXe oi.I" leSs ismport*atce -.thA.Xt fieorxner.Nay1 ox e -pi,Oraace into therganiomof the 'pywgmicv*geuta to tlesuperieitioa-of oonvales- cence r-of death, as the eent mAy be, Is ot the process, whether loerM or sbhrter-;one 4 a irixdAsistbe Light thrown upon the ulti- tte cwause, MiC teveirT 9,#r$sr cqanot be utoo hghly vau4e whether a'*fere.ce;oprp*4$ 4*,x r 49, the part the ultimate may still play inCoeqtioi With sthd'oroxiDnmt&cause of the disorder.Bat it isl:jt in thiu thtteSpi' -,16t lig-if as iurgeitly needed; -for 'how can we, as prtiu+ars imnEdieine'-ever expect to get control dver 'tie febrild p7rpcg as.a wbo~le,'or ho&eIt can we be justified -ii a rg.>excp4 pro- I"bii4y, tMatit is beyend our control, while we are so littLe advance4 il4urc,knowledge of' it that authorities among us are divkdi, not aene as to what 'extent, or as to 'the' particulat) Way-in which the geat nervous system Ci the bodyisx concerned in its ,athogenesiq, 'bat a's to'whether it hasany share in it at all? Soe = t-w or three,yars y I; s;l to inqatre a little into ,tbe aistia g state of 4hi s depwrtxaeat of 1*1ho1ogy, and [ venueAd to ace thIresuat before our local Branch.Lu endeaiibt'ing howto tcdte the task with whieh I -ha-iead the hnur t6&-enst's'ed, I -propose tn resun;e the subject, and to ihirite ttituioti n to certain work done in connection therewith since the period referred to; -pretising, however, that.TIhave iO .discoveries,KnoItbotatory ire- seArclhes. of my own to off&, corresponding -to those 'with ih my ac npld predeessor 1,,st .yXear, r,eer is 'auditory at-atn- ohster.But; bceore'proceediIg,cairnot. forbear to alluxe to the losstoiscientific" mediciDe *ieeenyiof two -men 'whose namen mrust ever be 'associated with the histor of fever pathology.'In' September last died' Carl August Wuniderlich, the father, _ws.ih-has been calledf of-clinical:thr- nometry; thLt is to say, that, although lhei-was sowcwhat anticipated byDe Haen, and yet more considerably by Gav4rxet and Zimnmermann, to Wunderblch must always be' ascribed-the .distinguLishedmerit o.hlving f4Wly estsiblished the great, praetical vaTeu of the thermoweter and?of,, tperatureobservettion for clinioal purposer, With the em- pidoment of this instrMent for the deterlAnuiiofo theby b eAt t ued hardly say, 'the histor of modern fererd6atine-ost he &eqsi dered to commence' for we~havli with it 'the first application 'of.the methods of exact inquiry to investigations--concemning the essence o fewsr., W9nder.lichksank ater pvr-tracted-.illnes;y 4 csweven 4 he e fienat,epl ?ysivgstCade, Be Iaaxd, Mw?h, four, xs.later wan *tlqff.Psoo~tsm4en,y'ArAd a the 4st:'F WOSh.W y perso .
Diagnosis and management of hypocalcaemia
Authors: Mark S Cooper, Neil J L Gittoes
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Hypocalcaemia is a potentially life threatening biochemical abnormality that carries risks for serious errors in diagnosis and treatment. Hypocalcaemia presents in primary and secondary care; it has a prevalence of 18% in all patients in hospital and 85% in the intensive care unit.1 2 The most common cause of hypocalcaemia in primary care is vitamin D deficiency, which—depending on population demographics—may have a prevalence as high as 50%.3 Hypocalcaemia may be an asymptomatic laboratory finding or a life threatening metabolic disturbance. Acute hypocalcaemia can result in severe symptoms that require rapid admission to hospital and correction. In contrast, when hypocalcaemia develops slowly patients can be surprisingly free of symptoms. This review will help clinicians to optimise the diagnosis and management of patients with hypocalcaemia. Because hypocalcaemia often presents as an emergency and symptoms are rapidly reversed by giving calcium, the evidence base for managing acute hypocalcaemia is mostly based on experience rather than controlled trials.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched PubMed for articles whose titles included the terms “hypocalcaemia”, “hypoparathyroidism”, or “osteomalacia” and restricted the search to articles published in English in the previous 10 years. We individually reviewed the titles of the resulting 578 articles to identify major themes. Additional searches were made of contemporary textbooks. 

The concentration of calcium in the serum (normal range 2.10-2.60 mmol/l)is regulated by the action of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D on the kidneys, bones, and gastrointestinal tract (fig 1)⇓. Parathyroid hormone stimulates calcium resorption in the kidney and calcium release from bone. It also stimulates renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) from 25-hydroxyvitamin D. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D is the most active form of vitamin D, and it acts on the gastrointestinal tract to increase calcium absorption. Vitamin D is obtained mainly through synthesis in the skin, with a small contribution from the …
System of Ophthalmology
Authors: Albert M. Potts
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This new portion of the proposed 15-volume treatise deals in 313 text pages with the normal development of the eye; the second portion on congenital deformities is to appear shortly. The account presented here is adequate, well illustrated, and well documented. The subject of ocular embryology in the morphological sense dealt with here is not one being intensely investigated at present. Hence no large new body of information requires digestion and ordering, nor is there any great emphasis on onset of function. The book is a more extensive but conservative addition to a literature which already possesses Dr. Ida Mann's impressive second edition.
Clinical psychologist in primary care: controlled clinical and economic evaluation.
Authors: M H Robson, R France, M Bland
Journal: BMJ (1984)

In a controlled, evaluated study of a behaviourally orientated clinical psychology service based in a health centre two randomised groups of patients were compared. Patients in the control group received usual primary care management; subject patients received the same, but in addition were able to consult a clinical psychologist in the health centre. Outcome was assessed by psychosocial and economic measures. These showed changes in favour of the subject condition, many of which were statistically significant.
Routine Screening for Lung Cancer?
Authors: Paul S. Frame
Journal: JAMA (2000)

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