tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy on infants' allergies in first year of life: randomised controlled trial
Authors: D. J. Palmer, T. Sullivan, M. S. Gold, S. L. Prescott, R. Heddle, R. A. Gibson, M. Makrides
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether dietary n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation of pregnant women with a fetus at high risk of allergic disease reduces immunoglobulin E associated eczema or food allergy at 1 year of age. <b>Design</b> Follow-up of infants at high hereditary risk of allergic disease in the Docosahexaenoic Acid to Optimise Mother Infant Outcome (DOMInO) randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Adelaide, South Australia. <b>Participants</b> 706 infants at high hereditary risk of developing allergic disease whose mothers were participating in the DOMInO trial. <b>Interventions</b> The intervention group (n=368) was randomly allocated to receive fish oil capsules (providing 900 mg of n-3 LCPUFA daily) from 21 weeks' gestation until birth; the control group (n=338) received matched vegetable oil capsules without n-3 LCPUFA. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Immunoglobulin E associated allergic disease (eczema or food allergy with sensitisation) at 1 year of age. <b>Results</b> No differences were seen in the overall percentage of infants with immunoglobulin E associated allergic disease between the n-3 LCPUFA and control groups (32/368 (9%) <i>v</i> 43/338 (13%); unadjusted relative risk 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.43 to 1.05, P=0.08; adjusted relative risk 0.70, 0.45 to 1.09, P=0.12), although the percentage of infants diagnosed as having atopic eczema (that is, eczema with associated sensitisation) was lower in the n-3 LCPUFA group (26/368 (7%) <i>v</i> 39/338 (12%); unadjusted relative risk 0.61, 0.38 to 0.98, P=0.04; adjusted relative risk 0.64, 0.40 to 1.02, P=0.06). Fewer infants were sensitised to egg in the n-3 LCPUFA group (34/368 (9%) <i>v</i> 52/338 (15%); unadjusted relative risk 0.61, 0.40 to 0.91, P=0.02; adjusted relative risk 0.62, 0.41 to 0.93, P=0.02), but no difference between groups in immunoglobulin E associated food allergy was seen. <b>Conclusion</b> n-3 LCPUFA supplementation in pregnancy did not reduce the overall incidence of immunoglobulin E associated allergies in the first year of life, although atopic eczema and egg sensitisation were lower. Longer term follow-up is needed to determine if supplementation has an effect on respiratory allergic diseases and aeroallergen sensitisation in childhood. <b>Trial registration</b> Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000735055 (DOMInO trial: ACTRN12605000569606).
Temporal Patterns in Perchlorate, Thiocyanate, and Iodide Excretion in Human Milk
Authors: Andrea B. Kirk, Jason V. Dyke, Clyde F. Martin, Purnendu K. Dasgupta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Perchlorate and thiocyanate interfere with iodide uptake at the sodium-iodide symporter and are potential disruptors of thyroid hormone synthesis. Perchlorate is a common contaminant of water, food, and human milk. Although it is known that iodide undergoes significant diurnal variations in serum and urinary excretion, less is known about diurnal variations of milk iodide levels.
A Comparative Trial of Didanosine or Zalcitabine after Treatment with Zidovudine in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Donald I. Abrams, Anne I. Goldman, Cynthia Launer, Joyce A. Korvick, James D. Neaton, Lawrence R. Crane, Michael Grodesky, Steven Wakefield, Katherine Muth, Sandra Kornegay, David L. Cohn, Allen Harris, Roberta Luskin-Hawk, Norman Markowitz, James H. Sampson, Melanie Thompson, Lawrence Deyton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Both didanosine and zalcitabine are commonly used to treat patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who cannot tolerate zidovudine treatment or who have had disease progression despite it. The relative efficacy and safety of these second-line therapies are not well defined.In this multicenter, open-label trial we randomly assigned 467 patients who previously received zidovudine and had 300 or fewer CD4 cells per cubic millimeter or a diagnosis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to treatment with either didanosine (500 mg per day) or zalcitabine (2.25 mg per day).After a median follow-up of 16 months, disease progression or death occurred in 157 of 230 patients assigned to didanosine and 152 of 237 patients assigned to zalcitabine, for a relative risk of 0.93 for the zalcitabine group as compared with the didanosine group (P = 0.56), which decreased to 0.84 (P = 0.15) after adjustment for the CD4 count, Karnofsky score, and presence of AIDS at base line. There were 100 deaths in the didanosine group and 88 in the zalcitabine group, for a relative risk of 0.78 (P = 0.09) and an adjusted relative risk of 0.63 (P = 0.003). A majority of patients in each group (66 percent) had at least one adverse event during treatment (153 patients taking didanosine and 157 taking zalcitabine). Peripheral neuropathy and stomatitis occurred more often with zalcitabine and diarrhea and abdominal pain more frequently with didanosine.For patients with HIV infection who have not responded to treatment with zidovudine, zalcitabine is at least as efficacious as didanosine in delaying disease progression and death.
The ER-Associated Protein ZDHHC1 Is a Positive Regulator of DNA Virus-Triggered, MITA/STING-Dependent Innate Immune Signaling
Authors: Qian Zhou, Heng Lin, Suyun Wang, Shuai Wang, Yong Ran, Ying Liu, Wen Ye, Xiaozhe Xiong, Bo Zhong, Hong-Bing Shu, Yan-Yi Wang
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
Use of quantitative epidemiologic data in regulatory approaches to air pollution.
Authors: J Wahrendorf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Ambient air is a complex mixture containing a variety of substances, some of which are known to be carcinogenic. To develop a homogeneous approach for regulating the emission of these compounds, their individual carcinogenic potential needs to be placed on a comparable scale. The unit risk may be considered as an appropriate measure that condensates dose-response analyses of epidemiologic data into a single, easily interpretable estimate. Given the information on the carcinogenic potency of single compounds, more information on the occurrence of the components and the relation of emissions to specific emittents needs to be considered. In Germany, an approach has been developed that combines different assumptions on complex mixtures for the regulation of the overall risk. This paper outlines some of the principal aspects of the underlying concepts.
Coronary heart disease in France
Authors: J C Briggs
Journal: BMJ (1994)

and for their mothers collected the information shown in the table and other data such as place of birth, number of other children in the household, and parental social class and smoking.Finally, we are aware that the accuracy of breast feeding recall may represent a problem after so many years, but why should we suspect a differential recall between the two study groups?We agree that our results must be treated with caution until other evidence supports them.Among our study groups the mothers of low socioeconomic status were more likely to have breast fed their infants.Thus, it is possible that infants who were breast fed longer were also exposed early in life to some viruses, but after our data were stratified by social class, the association between breast feeding and multiple sclerosis did not change.An intriguing point is that the fatty acid composition of human milk may be influenced by maternal diet,4 and diet may vary in mothers of differing socioeconomic status and from different countries.
Which Alternatives Should Investigators Disclose to Research Subjects?
Authors: John Phillips, David Wendler
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

The decision whether to disclose to potential research subjects the possibility of obtaining a study agent on an off-label basis in the clinical setting involves two questions: (1) Under existing regulations, are investigators required to disclose this possibility? (2) Ethically, should investigators disclose this possibility?
SUBSEQUENT NATION-WIDE EFFECTS OF WORLD WAR II NAVY PSYCHIATRIC TRAINING PROGRAM
Authors: ELMER L. CAVENY, EDWARD A. STRECKER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

1. Questionnaires were sent to physicians who were enrolled in the Navy's 3 months' intensive training courses in neuropsychiatry during World War II. Of the 221 "live" questionnaires sent to 36 states and the District of Columbia there were 189 returns, or 86%. 2. The returns indicate that 103 (55%) of the group have continued to date in the practice of neuropsychiatry. 3. About 85% of the group continuing in neuropsychiatry indicate almost exclusive attention to psychiatry while only about 5% state their time is given mostly to neurology. 4. More than two-thirds of the present neuropsychiatric group report that the Navy training course influenced the nature of their present practice. 5. Ninety percent of the present neuropsychiatric group stated that they found the training helpful in their present practice. All but one physician in fields other than psychiatry stated that the training was helpful in their present practice—over half of them, emphatically so. 6. Prior experience or training in neuropsychiatry was indicated by 43% of the whole group, but detailed analysis of comments shows that such training was often quite limited. About two-thirds (69%) of the total group regarded the training as "basic orientation." 7. Subsequent neuropsychiatric training, following demobilization, is reported by 89% of the continuing neuropsychiatric group, 35% of whom indicate Board certification.
Sporadic HEV hepatitis in Italy
Authors: A GRIECO
Journal: Gut (2001)

Editor,—We read with great interest the paper of McCrudden et al concerning acute hepatitis E (HEV) in the UK ((2000) Gut 46:732–3; [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2][Web of Science][3]). We agree wholeheartedly with the authors that this form of hepatitis is on the increase in industrialised countries. In Italy, the reported prevalence of anti-HEV IgG positivity ranges from 0.74% to 1.94%,1 although a recent study found a prevalence of 2.6% in one small town in central Italy.2 A value of 1.5% has been reported for the general adult population of the Republic of San Marino.3 We have recently observed two cases of acute hepatitis E with no evidence of any known risk factors. Case 1 . In September 1997, a 45 … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bmedical%2Bvirology%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BMed%2BVirol%26rft.aulast%253DZanetti%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%2BR.%26rft.volume%253D42%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D318%26rft.epage%253D320%26rft.atitle%253DHepatitis%2Btype%2BE%2Bin%2BItaly%253A%2Ba%2Bseroepidemiological%2Bsurvey.%2BStudy%2BGroup%2Bof%2BHepatitis%2BE.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F8006645%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=8006645&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F48%2F4%2F580.1.atom [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1994MY34600020&link_type=ISI
ISOLATION in INFLUENZA
Authors: E. W. White
Journal: BMJ (1898)

IM TDIBCALOuRNAL 683 sists of an interlacing network of fibrils, in the meshes of which lie cells both neurogliar and nervous.2. These fibrils show no evidence of being direct processes of cells, and do not appear to branch.3. The sponge-like reticulum thus formed is to be regarded as the peripheral portion of the lymphatic system, consisting of lymphatic spaces and channels.4. The fibrils form a complete basket-work for each element in the nervous tissue, including the blood vessels.5. The fibrils consist of a highly refractile substance (re- fractive index about I.5) with a considerable degree of elasticity, as is shown by their curvature on release. 6. Chemically the fibrils appear to be composed of a substance which is neither neurokeratin nor elastin.REFERENCES.
Reliability of PEF diaries
Authors: W ANEES
Journal: Thorax (2001)

COPD exacerbationsWe read with interest the paper by Cotton and associates 1 on early discharge for patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the accompanying editorial by Killen and Ellis. 2 In both publications the 1991 study of our RespiCare home care programme was referenced, 3 and both asserted that our programme was not cost eVective.In fact, our study reached the opposite conclusion-namely, that the Respi-Care programme was shown to be cost eVective.Actual direct care charges in US dollars were used in our calculations of both pre-programme and on-programme costs.Additionally, administrative costs of operating RespiCare were added into the onprogramme costs.Our findings showed that, while hospitalisation costs substantially decreased during the programme, home care costs increased.However, the decrease in hospital costs more than oVset the subsequent increase in home care costs, with a total cost savings of $328 US dollars per patient per month or $3956 per year being realised for those on the RespiCare programme.Although the emphasis of the work was on improvements in clinical outcome, the cost savings were a significant and important aspect of our study.I hope this clarifies any misunderstanding created by the recent articles.
Effects of alloxan-induced diabetes on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit hearts.
Authors: W M Vogel, C S Apstein
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Hearts from rabbits with 8-16 weeks of alloxan-diabetes were compared with hearts from normal rabbits to determine whether diabetic myocardium is more sensitive to ischemic injury. In isolated buffer-perfused hearts, left ventricular developed pressure, diastolic pressure, time to peak pressure (TTPP), time to half-maximal relaxation (RT1/2), and positive and negative dP/dt were measured during generation of left ventricular filling curves before and after 90 minutes of low-flow ischemia. Hearts from diabetic rabbits (blood glucose, 384 +/- 28 mg/dl, mean +/- 95% confidence limits) had left ventricular developed and diastolic pressures similar to normal hearts but exhibited significant increases in TTPP and RT1/2 with decreased positive and negative dP/dt. Left ventricular chamber volume relative to heart mass was greater in diabetic than in normal hearts. Recovery of developed pressure after ischemia was similar in normal (41 +/- 16%) and diabetic hearts (47 +/- 13%). In diabetic hearts during recovery from ischemia, TTPP and R1/2 remained increased compared with normal hearts, with positive and negative dP/dt decreased compared with normal hearts, in proportion to the preischemic differences. After ischemia, high-energy phosphates were depleted to the same extent in normal and diabetic rabbits. In coronary ligation experiments, histochemically determined infarct size in diabetic rabbits after 30 minutes occlusion and 24 hours reperfusion was similar to that in normal rabbits when adjusted for a significantly smaller heart weight and a correspondingly smaller anatomic risk region in the diabetic animals. Thus, despite characteristic abnormalities of mechanical function in diabetic hearts, the severity of injury after ischemia with reperfusion was normal for diabetic hearts.
THE ANTIGONOCOCCUS SERUM OF ROGERS AND TORREY IN EPIDIDYMITIS.
Authors: GEORGE KNOWLES SWINBURNE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

transformation introduced arsenic into the product from which it was conveyed to the fermented beverages in which those products were used.Many cases of chronic arsenical poisoning were thus developed.It is not at all unlikely that many similar cases there and elsewhere escaped observation or diagnosis, and that lead poisoning has in the same way been caused and overlooked.The pertinency of this criticism has been well shown in the revelations brought about by the prosecutions recently undertaken by Dr. Warren, Dairy and Food Commissioner of Pennsylvania.Information coming to him that glucose furnished by the American trust, which now practically dominates the American market for starch sugar, was contaminated in many cases with ap- preciable amounts of sulphuric acid, he caused an in- vestigation to be made, especially by two chemists of the department, C. B. Cochran of Westchester and C. H. LaWall of Philadelphia.Many samples of the candies and of commercial starch sugar were tested, and the objectionable impurity was found in a large proportion.It was found in the lighter colored samples of glucose and grape sugar, and it is not doubted that it is in-
The impact of national‐level interventions to improve hygiene on the incidence of irritant contact dermatitis in healthcare workers: changes in incidence from 1996 to 2012 and interrupted times series analysis
Authors: S.J. Stocks, R. McNamee, S. Turner, M. Carder, R.M. Agius
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Reducing healthcare‐associated infections (HCAI) has been a priority in the U.K. over recent decades and this has been reflected in interventions focusing on improving hygiene procedures. To evaluate whether these interventions coincided with an increased incidence of work‐related irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) attributed to hand hygiene or/and other hygiene measures in healthcare workers (HCWs). A quasi‐experimental (interrupted time series) design was used to compare trends in incidence of ICD in HCWs attributed to hygiene before and after interventions to reduce HCAI with trends in the same periods in control groups (ICD in other workers). Cases of ICD reported to a U.K. surveillance scheme from 1996 to 2012 were analysed. The time periods compared were defined objectively based on the dates of the publication of national evidence‐based guidelines, the U.K. Health Act 2006 and the Cleanyourhands campaign. The reported incidence of ICD in HCWs attributed to hygiene has increased steadily from 1996 to 2012 [annual incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval): hand hygiene only 1·10 (1·07–1·12); all hygiene 1·05 (1·03–1·07)], whereas the incidence in other workers is declining. An increase in incidence of ICD in HCWs attributed to hand hygiene was observed at the beginning of the Cleanyourhands campaign. The increasing incidence of ICD in HCWs combined with the popularity of interventions to reduce HCAI warrants increased efforts towards identifying products and implementing practices posing the least risk of ICD.
Hypoalbuminaemia and incident heart failure in older adults
Authors: Gerasimos S. Filippatos, Ravi V. Desai, Mustafa I. Ahmed, Gregg C. Fonarow, Thomas E. Love, Inmaculada B. Aban, Ami E. Iskandrian, Marvin A. Konstam, Ali Ahmed
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Treatment of Reiter's Syndrome with Methotrexate
Authors: Robert L. Jetton, W. C. Duncan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Methotrexate given orally once each week was used to treat two patients with severe Reiter's syndrome. Rapid and remarkable responses ensued. It is suggested that methotrexate be considered in the treatment of certain patients with Reiter's syndrome.
Clinical Significance of Mitral Regurgitation After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gervasio A. Lamas, Gary F. Mitchell, Greg C. Flaker, Sidney C. Smith, Bernard J. Gersh, Lofty Basta, Lemuel Moyé, Eugene Braunwald, Marc A. Pfeffer
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Mitral regurgitation (MR) may complicate acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is not known whether mild MR is an independent predictor of post-MI outcome. Methods and Results The study cohort consisted of 727 Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Study patients who underwent cardiac catheterization, including left ventriculography, up to 16 days after MI. Left ventriculograms were analyzed for diastolic and systolic volumes, global left ventricular sphericity, extent of wall motion abnormality, and endocardial curvature. The presence of MR was related to the risk of developing a cardiovascular event during 3.5 years of follow-up. MR was present in 141 patients (19.4%). Severe (3+) MR was present in only 2 patients. Patients with MR were more likely to have a persistently occluded infarct artery (MR versus no MR, 27.3% versus 15.2%; P =.001). Although the ejection fractions were similar, MR patients had larger end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes and more spherical ventricles than patients without MR. Sphericity change from diastole to systole was also significantly reduced in MR patients. Patients with MR were more likely to experience cardiovascular mortality (29% versus 12%; P &lt;.001), severe heart failure (24% versus 16%; P =.0153), and the combined end point of cardiovascular mortality, severe heart failure, or recurrent myocardial infarction (47% versus 29%; P &lt;.001). The presence of MR was an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality (relative risk, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.28 to 3.04). Conclusions Mild MR is an independent predictor of post-MI mortality. As such, it adds important information for risk stratification of post-MI patients.
Horizontal bone augmentation by means of guided bone regeneration
Authors: Goran I. Benic, Christoph H. F. Hämmerle
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2014)

Abstract The development of bone augmentation procedures has allowed placement of dental implants into jaw bone areas lacking an amount of bone sufficient for standard implant placement. Thus, the indications for implants have broadened to include jaw regions with bone defects and those with a bone anatomy that is unfavorable for implant anchorage. Of the different techniques, the best documented and the most widely used method to augment bone in localized alveolar defects is guided bone regeneration. A large body of evidence has demonstrated the successful use of guided bone regeneration to regenerate missing bone at implant sites with insufficient bone volume and the long‐term success of implants placed simultaneously with, or after, guided bone regeneration. However, the influence of guided bone regeneration on implant survival and success rates, and the long‐term stability of the augmented bone, remain unknown. Many of the materials and techniques currently available for bone regeneration of alveolar ridge defects were developed many years ago. Recently, various new materials and techniques have been introduced. Many of them have, however, not been sufficiently documented in clinical studies. The aim of this review was to present the scientific basis of guided bone regeneration and the accepted clinical procedures. A classification of bone defects has been presented, aiming at simplifying the decision‐making process regarding the choice of strategy for bone augmentation. Finally, an outlook into actual research and the possible future options related to bone augmentation has been provided.