tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immune responsiveness of SM/J mice. Cellular characteristics and genetic analysis of hyperresponsiveness to B cell mitogens.
Authors: D Engel, E A Clark, L Held, H Kimball, J Clagett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

We tested the proliferative responses of splenocytes from a panel of inbred mouse strains to AVIS, a B cell mitogen from Actinomyces viscosus bacteria. The SM/J strain was found to exhibit severalfold higher responsiveness than any of the other strains. SM/J splenocytes were also hyperresponsive to the B cell mitogens lipopolysaccharide, dextran sulfate, and purified protein derivative of tuberculin, but responsiveness to the T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin was normal. (B6 X SM)F1 and F1 x B6 backcross mice were tested for AVIS and lipopolysaccharide responsiveness, and it was determined that hyperresponsiveness was under polygenic, autosomal, non-H-2-linked gene control. Genetic control of response to B mitogens in SM/J mice appears to be expressed solely through the B lymphocyte because removal of T lymphocytes or macrophages did not reduce the magnitude of responsiveness in vitro. SM/J mice may provide a useful model for testing questions regarding B cell triggering, differentiation, and function, and to examine the genes involved with B cell proliferation.
Type 2 diabetes in mice induces hepatic overexpression of sulfatase 2, a novel factor that suppresses uptake of remnant lipoproteins
Authors: Keyang Chen, Ming-Lin Liu, Lana Schaffer, Mingzhen Li, Guenther Boden, Xiangdong Wu, Kevin Jon Williams
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impairs hepatic clearance of atherogenic postprandial remnant lipoproteins. Our work and that of others have identified syndecan-1 heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) as remnant lipoprotein receptors. Nevertheless, defects in the T2DM liver have not been molecularly characterized, and neither has the correction that occurs upon caloric restriction. We used microarrays to compare expression of proteoglycan-related genes in livers from control db/m mice; obese, T2DM db/db littermates fed ad libitum (AL); and db/db mice pair-fed to match the intake of db/m mice. Surprisingly, the arrays identified only one gene whose dysregulation by T2DM would disrupt HSPG structure: the heparan sulfate glucosamine-6-O-endosulfatase-2 (Sulf2). SULF2 degrades HSPGs by removing 6-O sulfate groups, but had no previously known role in diabetes or lipoprotein biology. Follow-up quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays revealed a striking 11-fold induction of Sulf2 messenger RNA in the livers of AL T2DM mice compared with controls. Immunoblots demonstrated induction of SULF2 in AL livers, with restoration toward normal in livers from pair-fed db/db mice. Knockdown of SULF2 in cultured hepatocytes doubled HSPG-mediated catabolism of model remnant lipoproteins. Notably, co-immunoprecipitations revealed a persistent physical association of SULF2 with syndecan-1. To identify mechanisms of SULF2 dysregulation in T2DM, we found that advanced glycosylation end products provoked a 10-fold induction in SULF2 expression by cultured hepatocytes and an approximately 50% impairment in their catabolism of remnants and very low-density lipoprotein, an effect that was entirely reversed by SULF2 knockdown. Adiponectin and insulin each suppressed SULF2 protein in cultured liver cells and in murine livers in vivo, consistent with a role in energy flux. Likewise, both hormones enhanced remnant lipoprotein catabolism in vitro.SULF2 is an unexpected suppressor of atherogenic lipoprotein clearance by hepatocytes and an attractive target for inhibition.
NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF THE MIDDLE TURBINATE.
Authors: J. A. STUCKY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The proportion of cases in which we find the middle turbinate involved in a pathologic condition that does not require operative treatment for its removal is, relatively speaking, small in number. The etiology of these is: (1) Systemic, (2) local. The non-operative treatment consists in the removal of the cause of the trouble. The primary cause of the average case of disease or irritation of the middle turbinate which does not require surgical treatment—those cases of vasomotor coryza, spasmodic rhinitis and edema—I have found to be systemic, and the exciting factor in precipitating the acute attack is not so frequently due to exposure to colds and draughts as to overindulgence in, or injudicious, eating and drinking. The large majority of these cases are in "the overfed and underworked" class and those who live an indoor and sedentary life. I have seldom seen this condition in the outdoor laborer or in
Does interferon cure cancer?
Authors: K Sikora
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Since their discovery in 1957 the interferons have been extensively studied by virologists and molecular biologists. Their clinical use in preventing and treating viral disease has been recently reviewed in this journal.1 Shortly after their discovery it was noted that certain tumour cell lines grew more slowly in tissue culture in the presence of interferon.2 This was followed by the demonstration that interferon could decrease tumour growth in mice bearing experimental tumours.3 The comparison between mouse and human systems has continually been hampered by the apparent species specificity of interferon and by the different growth kinetics of experimental and human neoplasms. Interferon was first used against human cancer in France in 1963.4 Eleven patients with acute myeloid leukaemia were treated with a relatively impure leucocyte interferon preparation. A partial antitumour effect was noted in one of these patients. In the same year Dr Kari Cantell of the Central Public Health Laboratory in Helsinki began the large-scale purification of interferon from buffy coat leucocytes collected from blood for transfusion.5 The scale of production and the purity of the product have increased over the years. Most of the clinical pharmacokinetic, antiviral, and antitumour studies have been carried out with this product. In 1971 the first large-scale clinical trial of interferon in cancer was begun.6 It was given as adjuvant treatment to patients who had had limbs amputated for osteosarcoma. The initial results were promising, but, as will be shown, the absence of a randomised, concurrent control group makes their interpretation difficult. In 1974 the National Cancer Institute in Washington began trials with synthesised interferon inducers.7 Various compounds that stimulate the production of endogenous interferon are available. Toxicity limits the dose that can be administered and thus the serum concentrations of interferon achieved. Some 30
PREGNANCY SOON AFTER PREVIOUS LABOR
Authors: Lee O. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Relative to Dr. W. J. Le Rossignol's report of pregnancy occurring soon after previous labor (The Journal, April 25), I report the following case: Mrs. B. was delivered of a normal boy, weighing 11 pounds (5 kg.), Jan. 22, 1923, and again delivered of a boy, weighing 10½ pounds (4.7 kg.), Nov. 1, 1923. The parents are American born, of English descent. The mother, aged 38, has given birth to eleven children. In the present instance, nine months and ten days elapsed between the birth of two fully developed, normal babies.
D2 Receptor Imaging in Neonates Using I-123 Iodobenzamide Brain SPECT
Authors: FRANÇOIS TRANQUART, ELIE SALIBA, LAURENT BARANTIN, MATHIEU LANNEAU, LUC SIMMER, DENIS GUILLOTEAU, JEAN-LOUIS BAULIEU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Purpose Hypoxic–ischemic injury induces early changes in cerebral energy that later lead to the presence and extension of brain damage and subsequently to severe neurodevelopmental impairments such as the dyskinetic form of cerebral palsy, which is associated with damage to the striatum. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the viability of D2 receptors in the perinatal period using I-123 iodobenzamide brain SPECT and to correlate this with early neurologic status. Methods After obtaining informed parental consent, 12 full-term neonates with hypoxic–ischemic events were included. I-123 iodobenzamide brain SPECT was performed 1 week after birth, corresponding to a gestational age of 39.2 ± 1.7 weeks. Images were acquired using a brain-dedicated gamma camera 1 hour after intravenous injection of 30 MBq (0.8 mCi) I-123 iodobenzamide. Magnetic resonance images (T2 weighted sequence: repetition time/echo time: 2,000/30 to 150) of the brains of the same neonates were acquired on the same day. Results The right and left striatum:cerebellum activity ratios were between 1.28 and 2.25, with the greatest concentration of I-123 iodobenzamide occurring in the striatum area. A tendency of the striatum:cerebellum ratio to decrease was observed as the severity of the perinatal hypoxic–ischemic event increased despite striatal hypersignal on magnetic resonance imaging in only two neonates. Conclusions This study, which confirms that I-123 iodobenzamide could be used in the neonatal period, shows the biochemical maturation of D2 receptors as early as 1 week after birth and also suggests the deleterious effect of perinatal hypoxic–ischemic events on D2 receptors.
Growth Patterns of Large-for-Gestational-Age and Appropriate-for-Gestational-Age Infants of Gestational Diabetic Mothers and Control Mothers at Age 1 Year
Authors: Betty R Vohr, Stephen T McGarvey
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the development of adiposity in macrosomic and normosomic infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and control subjects between birth and age 1 year, and assess its relation to maternal prenatal factors and neonatal factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a prospective observational study of 192 infants, including 47 large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants of GDM mothers, 47 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants of GDM mothers, 55 LGA control infants, and 44 AGA control infants who were evaluated at birth and age 1 year. Maternal prenatal and pregnancy anthropometric measurements were recorded. Multiple infant anthropometric measurements, including skinfold thicknesses, were obtained at birth and age 1 year. Regression models were run to detect the independent effects of various maternal and infant factors on 1-year child adiposity, adjusting for their effects at birth. RESULTS LGA infants of GDM mothers had a higher BMI, waist circumference, and abdominal skinfold at age 1 year compared with all other study groups. Among infants of GDM mothers, the mean 2-h postprandial glucose value for the second and third trimester correlated with waist circumference (r = 0.28, P &amp;lt; 0.04) and subscapular skinfold (r = 0.37, P &amp;lt; 0.007), and correlated marginally with 1-year sum of four skinfolds. Among infants of GDM mothers, a regression of 1-year sum of four skinfolds was significantly related to maternal prepregnancy weight after controlling for sum of skinfolds at birth. For control infants, the maternal glucose screen value was significantly associated with 1-year sum of skinfolds adjusted for the birth sum of skinfolds. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that macrosomic infants of GDM mothers have unique patterns of adiposity that are present at birth and persist at age 1 year. Further, we concluded that maternal factors, including adiposity and intrauterine fuel environment, influence the presence and distribution of adiposity for both infants of GDM mothers and control infants.
Abstract 4935: Hyperemethylation of retinoid X receptors genes in non-small cell lung cancers and its clinical implication
Authors: Su M. Lee, Mi J. Kim, Ji Y. Lee, Jae Y. Park, Dong S. Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are nuclear receptors for retinoids that play a critical role in the regulation of growth and differentiation in normal and tumor cells. Deregulation of RXR expression has been reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the mechanism underlying the impaired expression of RXRs in lung cancer is not known. Aberrant methylation of promoter CpG islands is known to be a major mechanism for inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. We investigated the methylation status of the RXR genes in 139 surgically-resected NSCLCs and correlated the results with the clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients. Methylation in the tumors was detected at RXRα (5.7%), RXRβ (4.3%), and RXRγ (23.7%). RT-PCR analysis showed that RXRγ methylation correlates with mRNA expression. Methylation of the RXRγ gene was not significantly associated with the prognosis of patients; however, when the patients are categorized by smoking status, the effect of RXRγ methylation on prognosis was significantly different between never- and ever-smokers (P = 0.003 [test for homogeneity]); specifically, RXRγ methylation was associated with a significantly worse survival in never-smokers, whereas it exhibited a better survival outcome in ever-smokers, although not statistically significant. This finding suggests that methylation-associated down-regulation of the RXRγ gene may play a differential role in the carcinogenesis of NSCLCs according to smoking status, but further studies are needed to confirm this. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4935.
ABC of vascular diseases. The swollen leg.
Authors: D T Reilly, J H Wolfe
Journal: BMJ (1991)

In both hospital and general practice the patient with a swollen leg presents a common dilemma in diagnosis and treatment.The cause may be trivial or life threatening-an insect bite or a deep vein thrombosis-and it is difficult to negotiate the path between overinvestigation and laissez faire.Fortunately in most cases the decision becomes clear after a careful history has been taken and a clinical examination carried out.Dependent oedema in a patient with poliomyelitis. PathophysiologyIt is helpful to return to simple physiological concepts to understand the development of swelling of the lower limb.In a normal limb the hydrostatic pressure of the column of blood in the veins is balanced by the calf muscle pump, which depends for its efficiency on the integrity of the venous valves as well as on the ability of the muscle to contract.Thus several causes of swelling are immediately apparent: postphlebitic damage to valves, prolonged dependency (as in a leg with rest pain), or failure of the muscle pump (as in a paralysed limb or an arthritic limb with fixity of the ankle joint).The period of rest and elevation of the limb every night normally permits resolution of any slight oedema that may have built up during the day: if this normal behaviour is prevented (as during a prolonged flight) oedema results.The redistribution of fluid from the arterial end of the capillary to the venous end (Starling's law) explains the mechanisms of the production of oedema.Venous,hypertension causes increased pressure in the postcapillary venule and thus back diffusion of fluid into the tissues; Pelvic lymphatic obstruction shown clinically lower plasma oncotic pressure also prevents tissue fluid returning to the (left) and radiographically (right) with a vein from the interstitial space.Increased capillary permeability (as profusion of abnormal lymphatics running accompanies injury or allergy) will cause oedema by exudation of fluid rich into inguinal lymph nodes but no lymphatics in protein into the tissue spaces.Failure to remove protein-and therefore running into the pelvis, fluid-because of lymphatic insufficiency is the other main cause of oedema. Clinical featuresFluid retentio || Lymphatic O d | Venous Causes of both acute and chronic swelling of the leg can be grouped into: insufficiency insufficiency 0 General-fluid retention as in cardiac and renal failure, and hypoproteinaemia * Local-venous or lymphatic insufficiency inflammaton * Inflammatory-allergy, trauma, or infection.Much can be gained from examination of the affected limb, particularly Trauma Infection the pattern of the swelling: if the oedema is maximal in the ankles and legs, i l J and the feet are spared, the cause is more likely to be venous than lymphatic.
Infants with Atopic Dermatitis: Maternal Hopelessness, Child-Rearing Attitudes and Perceived Infant Temperament
Authors: Ursula Pauli-Pott, Alexander Darui, Dieter Beckmann
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease of childhood. It frequently starts in the first year of life. There is agreement on the existence of psychological influences on this disease. Although some studies in this field examine aspects of the parent-child relationship, studies concerning early infancy are very rare. The present study was conducted in order to find out whether maternal characteristics relevant to the mother-infant relationship, i.e. depressiveness/hopelessness, child-rearing attitudes and perceived infant behaviour, associated with infant AD. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Two cohorts (3- to 4-month- and 10- to 12-month-old infants), each with 20 infants suffering from AD, and 20 healthy infants were recruited. AD infants were further divided into subgroups according to the diagnostic criteria: atopic family history, itching and characteristic locations of eczema. After a paediatric examination of the infant, mothers completed standardized questionnaires concerning depressiveness/hopelessness, child-rearing attitudes and perception of infant behaviour. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Varying with different diagnostic features of the infants’ AD, mothers of AD infants described themselves as more depressive/hopeless, as more anxious/overprotective and characterized their infant as less frequently positive and more frequently negative in its emotional behaviour compared to the control group. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; The results underline the importance of psychological support for mothers of infants with AD.
Assessing the state of health research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: S A Ismail, A McDonald, E Dubois, F G Aljohani, A P Coutts, A Majeed, S Rawaf
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

Summary Member states across the Eastern Mediterranean region face unprecedented health challenges, buffeted by demographic change, a dual disease burden, rising health costs, and the effects of ongoing conflict and population movements – exacerbated in the near-term by instability arising from recent political upheaval in the Middle East. However, health actors in the region are not well positioned to respond to these challenges because of a dearth of good quality health research. This review presents an assessment of the current state of health research systems across the Eastern Mediterranean based on publicly available literature and data sources. The review finds that – while there have been important improvements in productivity in the Region since the early 1990s – overall research performance is poor with critical deficits in system stewardship, research training and human resource development, and basic data surveillance. Translation of research into policy and practice is hampered by weak institutional and financial incentives, and concerns over the political sensitivity of findings. These problems are attributable primarily to chronic under-investment – both financial and political – in Research and Development systems. This review identifies key areas for a regional strategy and how to address challenges, including increased funding, research capacity-building, reform of governance arrangements and sustained political investment in research support. A central finding is that the poverty of publicly available data on research systems makes meaningful cross-comparisons of performance within the EMR difficult. We therefore conclude by calling for work to improve understanding of health research systems across the region as a matter of urgency.
The influence of treatment of the paralesional skin with dithranol on healing in psoriasis
Authors: L. STANKLER, VINAY K. DAVE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article The influence of treatment of the paralesional skin with dithranol on healing in psoriasis Get access L. STANKLER, L. STANKLER Department of Dermatology, Aberdeen, Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, and Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Royal Infirmary, Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar VINAY K. DAVE VINAY K. DAVE Department of Dermatology, Aberdeen, Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, and Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Royal Infirmary, Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 92, Issue 1, 1 January 1975, Pages 57–61, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03033.x Published: 01 January 1975 Article history Accepted: 21 January 1974 Published: 01 January 1975
Policing access to primary care with identity cards
Authors: Julian Sheather, Iona Heath
Journal: BMJ (2004)

influence than either assisted conception or being a twin?After all, the net result of one more egg in the uterus is exactly that-a shorter gestational age and a lower birth weight.This was shown in a classic study more than 50 years ago, and it has not changed since. 5 We may draw some comfort from learning that IVF with ICSI carries a similar risk of neurological sequelae as conventional IVF.However, that 5% of infants born in Denmark nowadays are the result of IVF techniques and that 40% of them are born as twins, is not comforting. 1 Worldwide, increasing maternal age at conception has resulted in dramatic increases in the rate of twin pregnancies with equally dramatic consequences in terms of perinatal health and cost to families and society. 6 7Assisted reproduction is part of that scenario.As a woman's biological clock starts to tick louder so does the urge to do something about it, and mothers using IVF in this study were on average three years older than the mothers of control twins.Although no single mechanism is more secure than IVF to ensure that only a single fertilised egg goes into the uterus, fewer than 2% of all the twins born after IVF and ICSI in this study developed from a single egg (monozygotic) compared with 31% of naturally conceived control twins.How many treatments, other than assisted reproduction, would have lasted for the same length of the time if it appeared that, after 25 years of increasing reliance on it, 40% of its alleged successes are still not successes but overdoses 8 : too many eggs in the same nest.