tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dendritic Cells Infiltrating Tumors Cotransduced with Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (Gm-Csf) and Cd40 Ligand Genes Take up and Present Endogenous Tumor-Associated Antigens, and Prime Naive Mice for a Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response
Authors: Claudia Chiodoni, Paola Paglia, Antonella Stoppacciaro, Monica Rodolfo, Mariella Parenza, Mario P. Colombo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

We transduced BALB/c-derived C-26 colon carcinoma cells with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and CD40 ligand (CD40L) genes to favor interaction of these cells with host dendritic cells (DCs) and, therefore, cross-priming. Cotransduced cells showed reduced tumorigenicity, and tumor take was followed by regression in some mice. In vivo tumors were heavily infiltrated with DCs that were isolated, phenotyped, and tested in vitro for stimulation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). BALB/c C-26 carcinoma cells express the endogenous murine leukemia virus (MuLV) env gene as a tumor-associated antigen. This antigen is shared among solid tumors of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and contains two epitopes, AH-1 and KSP, recognized in the context of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules H-2Ld and H-2Kb, respectively. DCs isolated from C-26/GM/CD40L tumors grown in (BALB/c × C57BL/6)F1 mice (H-2d×b) stimulated interferon γ production by both anti–AH-1 and KSP CTLs, whereas tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) of BALB/c mice stimulated only anti–AH-1 CTLs. Furthermore, TIDCs primed naive mice for CTL activity as early as 2 d after injection into the footpad, whereas double-transduced tumor cells required at least 5 d for priming; this difference may reflect direct DC priming versus indirect tumor cell priming. Immunohistochemical staining indicated colocalization of DCs and apoptotic bodies in the tumors. These data indicate that DCs infiltrating tumors that produce GM-CSF and CD40L can capture cellular antigens, likely through uptake of apoptotic bodies, and mature in situ to a stage suitable for antigen presentation. Thus, tumor cell–based vaccines engineered to favor the interaction with host DCs can be considered.
The Consequences of Truth Telling
Authors: Michael A. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Recently in Chicago, Ill, a young physician made a mistake and told the truth about it. He used a swab on a patient that had previously been used on another patient who was known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. Yes, this was a terrible mistake and it is one of those unfortunate events that just should not have happened, but it did. Physicians are as human as anyone else, and we do make mistakes. This young physician told the truth about his mistake and soon found himself out of his training program and thrust into the media spotlight as a lawsuit was filed almost as fast as the ink could dry on the subpoenas (<i>Chicago Tribune</i>. May 8, 1991). Of course, given our current legal climate, what else was the hospital and this physician's training program to do? He had become a liability because he
Effects of complement activation in the isolated heart. Role of the terminal complement components.
Authors: J W Homeister, P Satoh, B R Lucchesi
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The mechanisms of the complement-mediated myocardial injury associated with ischemia and reperfusion have not been elucidated fully. Complement activation may directly mediate injury through actions of the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a or generation of the membrane attack complex C5b-9. A model was developed to examine the direct effects of complement activation on heart function, assess myocardial tissue damage, and determine which complement components mediate tissue injury. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer by using a modified Langendorff apparatus. Human plasma was added to the perfusate as a source of complement. Rabbit tissue activates human complement. Treatment with 6% normal plasma resulted in complement activation as assessed by the generation of Bb, C3a, C5a, and SC5b-9. Functional changes in cardiac performance became apparent 7-15 minutes after plasma addition and developed fully over the next 20-30 minutes. The effects were dependent on the complement titer and included 1) an increase in the end-diastolic pressure, 2) a decrease in the developed pressure, 3) an increase in the coronary perfusion pressure, and 4) an increase in lymphatic fluid formation. These effects were not elicited when an inhibitor of complement activation (FUT-175) was present or when heat-inactivated plasma was used. The effects of complement activation on myocardial function could not be reproduced by treatment with recombinant human C5a, zymosan-activated plasma, or plasma selectively depleted of C8. Myocardial tissue accumulated sodium and calcium and lost potassium as a result of complement activation. Activation caused the release of creatine kinase from myocytes and an increase in the radiolabeled albumin space of the hearts. The data demonstrate that complement activation caused decrements in myocardial function and increased the coronary perfusion pressure and lymphatic fluid flow rate. The effects were not mediated by the anaphylatoxins but were dependent on the distal complement component C8, suggesting that C5b-9 was responsible for the physiological changes. Complement activation directly mediated tissue injury in a manner consistent with plasmalemmal disruption as a result of C5b-9 formation. The data suggest that the C5b-9 complex, which is known to form under conditions of ischemia, may contribute directly to myocardial cell injury.
FRI0303 Discovery and Characterization of Abt-122, an Anti-TNF/IL-17 Dvd-Ig™ Molecule as A Potential Therapeutic Candidate for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: C.-M. Hsieh, C. Cuff, E. Tarcsa, M. Hugunin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are at an increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, heart attack, and PAD progression. If diagnosed early, cardiovascular risk factors can be treated and the risk of other cardiovascular diseases can be reduced. There are clear guidelines on PAD diagnosis and management, but little is known about the issues faced in primary care with regards adherence to these, and about the impact of these issues on patients. <h3>Aim</h3> To identify the issues for primary care health professionals (HPs) and patients in PAD diagnosis and management, and to explore the impact of these on HPs and PAD patients. <h3>Design &amp; setting</h3> Qualitative study conducted in a primary care setting in the North East of England. Data was collected between December 2014 and July 2017. <h3>Method</h3> Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with PAD register patients (<i>n</i> = 17), practice nurses ([PNs], <i>n</i> = 17), district nurses (DNs], <i>n</i> = 20), tissue viability nurses (<i>n</i> = 21), and GPs (<i>n</i> = 21). <h3>Results</h3> HPs' attitudes to PAD, difficulty accessing tests, and patient delays impacted upon diagnosis. Some HPs had a reactive approach to PAD identification. Patients lacked understanding about PAD and some reported a delay consulting their GP after the onset of PAD symptoms. After diagnosis, few were attending for regular GP follow-up. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patient education about PAD symptoms and risks, and questioning about exercise tolerance, could address the problem of under-reporting. Annual reviews could provide an opportunity to probe for PAD symptoms and highlight those requiring further investigation. Improved information when PAD is diagnosed and, considering the propensity for patients to tolerate worsening symptoms, the introduction of annual follow-up (at minimum) is warranted.
Influence of the poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor 3‐aminobenzamide on macrophage and granulocyte differentiation of HL‐60 cells
Authors: Nazim Damji, Kong Eng Khoo, Lynda Booker, George P. Browman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract We investigated the influence of the poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor 3‐aminobenzamide (ABA) on induction of phenotypic markers of granulocyte differentiation by retinoic acid and markers of macrophage differentiation by TPA in HL‐60 cells. The differentiation of HL‐60 cells towards the granulocyte lineage was assessed by hexose monophosphate shunt activity, proportion of cells capable of reducing NBT dye, and the appearance of recognizable neutrophils and bands. The effect of ABA and retinoic acid on NBT dye reduction and appearance of mature neutrophils and bands was synergistic, whereas the effects of these agents on hexose monophosphate shunt activity were additive. The differentiation inducing capacity of ABA in the presence of retinoic acid was dose‐related. The influence of ABA on TPA‐induced markers of macrophage differentiation was assessed by determining the proportion of adherent cells produced after treatment and by measuring acid phosphatase activity in the adherent cell fraction. In the presence of ABA, the number of cells adhering to plastic declined after day 2 of exposure to TPA, and acid phosphatase activity in adherent cells was inhibited fourfold (p = 0.01). The influence of ABA on the phenotypic markers of granulocyte and macrophage differentiation was detectable at concentrations that were not cytotoxic. The influence of ABA on HL‐60 differentiation is similar to that previously reported for human bone marrow CFU‐GM. Our data suggest that poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase plays a role in differentiation of HL‐60 cells and that HL‐60 might provide a useful model for evaluating control mechanisms involved in the differentiation of CFU‐GM.
Radiation Reaction in the Lung
Authors: Theodore Rodman, Samuel Karr, Henry P. Close
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

IRRADIATION of the thoracic region can induce pathologic changes in normal lung tissue. Although this reaction to radiation has been known for over thirty years, clinical recognition occurs infrequently, and neither the pathologic physiology nor effective treatment has been clearly established.Recently, pulmonary-function studies of a patient with severe radiation-induced changes of the lungs showed marked lung restriction and an "alveolar-capillary block," with no evidence of airway obstruction. During a course of adrenocorticosteroid therapy there was impressive amelioration of subjective respiratory symptoms. Repetition of the pulmonary-function studies, however, showed progression of the physiologic defect.Case ReportA 46-year-old Negro was . . .
Interleukin 33 expression in human arthritis
Authors: Dominique Talabot-Ayer, Thomas McKee, Patrizia Gindre, Sylvette Bas, Dominique L Baeten, Cem Gabay, Gaby Palmer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is the most recently discovered member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. Recent evidence in human and mouse suggests a role for IL-33 and its receptor T1/ST2 in arthritis. In this study, the authors quantified IL-33 levels in serum and synovial fluid (SF), and assessed synovial IL-33 expression levels and pattern in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or osteoarthritis (OA). <h3>Materials and methods</h3> IL-33 and sST2 levels were assessed by ELISA in serum and SF samples of patients with RA (serum, n=11; SF, n=10), PsA (serum, n=9; SF, n=9) and OA (serum, n=9; SF, n=7). IL-33 mRNA expression levels were quantified by RT-qPCR in synovial biopsies obtained from patients with RA (n=10), PsA (n=10), and OA (n=8). IL-33 protein expression pattern was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in synovial tissue from patients with RA (n=8), PsA (n=7) and OA (n=4). <h3>Results</h3> Serum and SF IL-33 levels tended to be higher in RA than in OA patients, and serum IL-33 concentrations were significantly higher in RA than in PsA. Interestingly, IL-33 was not detectable in any of the PsA samples tested. In matched serum-SF samples of RA patients (n=10), the authors observed comparable concentrations of IL-33 in SF and in serum. There was a wide variation of synovial tissue IL-33 mRNA levels within each disease group. IL-33 mRNA levels were not significantly different between the groups and a similar IL-33 protein expression pattern was observed by IHC in RA, PsA and OA synovium. In all pathologies, strong nuclear expression of IL-33 was observed in endothelial cells. In addition, IL-33 expression was observed in a subset of RA, PsA and OA patients in the nucleus of cells morphologically consistent with synovial fibroblasts. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study confirms increased circulating IL-33 levels in RA. In addition, the authors report that IL-33 is undetectable in the serum or SF of PsA patients. Local expression of IL-33 in the synovium was observed at similar variable levels in RA, PsA and OA, suggesting that inflamed joints do not represent the primary source of elevated serum and SF levels of IL-33 in RA.
The effectiveness of prolotherapy in the management of recalcitrant medial tibial stress syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: M Curtin, T Crisp, P Malliaras, N Padhiar
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Objective To study the effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy in the treatment of recalcitrant medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS). Design A prospective case-series. Setting A London private hospital. Participants Seven patients: five male and two female; (mean age=36 years+4 months) referred to a specialist tertiary referral centre having failed existing care pathways for MTSS. Intervention Subjects received a subperiosteal injection containing 15% dextrose solution via a BD spinal needle 22GA 3.5 IN (0.7×90 mm) under ultrasound guidance. Typically a 1 ml volume of the dextrose solution was injected per centimetre of symptomatic area of the tibia using a 20 ml syringe, giving set and three-way tap. Study period 11/2009–7/2010 Main outcome measures Subjects completed a visual analogue scale (VAS) for average pain (where 10=severe pain and 0=no pain). Scores recorded at baseline, 1, 2 and 4 weeks postinjection and again during telephone follow-up (mean 18 weeks, range 13–36 weeks). Subjects were also reviewed at least once in a follow-up appointment where they also completed a symptom diary. At final telephone follow-up they completed a six-point Likert global improvement scale, and a five-point activity scale. Results All subjects reported a marked improvement in their symptoms. There was a significant decrease in mean average pain measured by VAS scores at 4 weeks (p &lt;0.05) and 18 weeks (p&lt;0.05) compared to baseline. The median VAS average pain score improvement per subject was 4/10. The median change in activity value at 18 week postinjection follow-up was a score of 4.0 representing a return to a desired level of sport but not to preinjury level. The median Likert global improvement score at 18 weeks postinjection follow-up was 2.0 which represented ‘much improved’ on a six-point scale. There were no adverse events. Conclusions Dextrose prolotherapy injection resulted in tangible symptom improvement in seven patients with painful recalcitrant MTSS. Controlled trials of this intervention are warranted.
Normalization of ventilation/perfusion relationships after liver transplantation in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: Evidence for a hepatopulmonary syndrome
Authors: Ljusk Siw Eriksson, Charlotte Söderman, Bo-Göran Ericzon, Lennart Eleborg, John Wahren, Göran Hedenstierna
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

To examine the effect of liver transplantation on the respiratory and cardiovascular functions, ventilation/perfusion relationships were determined by multiple inert gas elimination technique in six patients with end-stage liver disease 1 to 19 mo before and 2 to 6 mo after liver transplantation. Cardiac output and pulmonary vascular pressures were measured after catheterization of the pulmonary artery. All patients had normal spirometry and chest x-ray films before transplantation. PaO 2 before transplantation was 78.8 ± 7.4 mm Hg (range = 51.8 to 102.8 mm Hg). All patients had perfusion of poorly ventilated lung regions (low ventilation/perfusion relationships) varying from 3% to 19% of cardiac output (mean = 8.5% ± 2.4% of cardiac output) and two patients had intrapulmonary shunting (3% and 20% of cardiac output). Measured and calculated PaI 2 agreed closely, indicating absence of pulmonary diffusion abnormality, as well as of extrapulmonary shunting. After transplantation, PaO 2 normalized in all patients, and both shunting and low ventilation/perfusion relationships disappeared. Cardiac output decreased from 9.1 ± 1.4 to 6.6 ± 0.5 L/min (p &lt; 0.05), and the pulmonary vascular resistance increased from 0.69 ± 0.14 to 1.64 ± 0.43 mm Hg/L/min (p &lt; 0.05). The systemic vascular resistance also increased (before = 8.7 ± 1.0; after = 15.3 ± 1.1 mm Hg/L/min; p &lt; 0.001). Normalization of respiratory and cardiovascular alterations, after liver transplantation, in patients with end-stage liver disease indicates that these changes have a direct functional relationship to the diseased liver. It is hypothesized that this is part of a “hepatopulmonary syndrome,” which in similarity to the hepatorenal syndrome disappears with improved liver function. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:1350-1357).
Membrane-bound human SCF/KL promotes in vivo human hematopoietic engraftment and myeloid differentiation
Authors: Shinsuke Takagi, Yoriko Saito, Atsushi Hijikata, Satoshi Tanaka, Takashi Watanabe, Takanori Hasegawa, Shinobu Mochizuki, Jun Kunisawa, Hiroshi Kiyono, Haruhiko Koseki, Osamu Ohara, Takashi Saito, Shuichi Taniguchi, Leonard D. Shultz, Fumihiko Ishikawa
Journal: Blood (2012)
We're too weak to strike
Authors: Kinesh Patel
Journal: BMJ (2012)

I don’t like armpits. Sweaty things. Unpleasant things. Especially when they’re not your own. The result of the recent bus strike in London was human beings foisted further into each other’s armpits on the tube than normal. It was pretty unpleasant, and this was only the beginning. The insurrection of the bus drivers is planned to carry on until they get what they want.

The best phrase I can find to describe the doctors’ strike—sorry, day of action—is “damp squib.” Did the public even notice on 21 June? Strikes are nasty, aggressive things. If you are going …
Adherence to advance directives: Quality of life may be important in advance directives
Authors: O. E Shanks
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—In the last paragraph of their article Thompson et al highlight the fact that the hypothetical advance directive makes no reference to the quality of life.1 The reciprocal nature of the quality of life is seldom considered, usually only an individual perspective is taken. Western society has focused increasingly and now almost exclusively on the individual with regard to gratification and now to life itself.

Monsignor Ronald Knox precised Bishop Berkeley's 18th century philosophy with the following limerick.2

There was a young man who said “God 
I find it exceedingly odd 
that this very tree 
Should continue to be 
When there is no one about in the quad” 
Answer 
“Young man your question is odd. 
I am always about in the quad. 
And that's why this tree 
Continues to be” 
Signed by, yours faithfully, God.

If one takes a humanist perspective, the individual can be represented by the tree having significance or quality by virtue of another's presence in the “quad.”
Photo(chemo)therapy in the management of atopic dermatitis: an updated systematic review with implications for practice and research
Authors: F.M. Garritsen, M.W.D. Brouwer, J. Limpens, Ph. I. Spuls
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Photo(chemo)therapy in the management of atopic dermatitis: an updated systematic review with implications for practice and research Get access F.M. Garritsen, F.M. Garritsen Department of Dermatology Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands Correspondence Floor M. Garritsen. E‐mail: f.m.garritsen@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.W.D. Brouwer, M.W.D. Brouwer Department of Dermatology Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Limpens, J. Limpens Medical Library Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ph. I. Spuls Ph. I. Spuls Department of Dermatology Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 170, Issue 3, 1 March 2014, Pages 501–513, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12645 Published: 01 March 2014
Inhibition of allergic airways inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice by dexamethasone: Role of eosinophils, IL-5, eotaxin, and IL-13
Authors: Seok-Yong Eum, Karim Maghni, Qutayba Hamid, David H. Eidelman, Holly Campbell, Susumu Isogai, James G. Martin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Spending on health in the US is projected to reach almost 20% of GDP by 2022
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2013)

American spending on health is projected to grow to 19.9% of the economy in 2022, compared with 17.9% in 2011, the latest analysis by actuaries at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) published in the journal Health Affairs has shown.1

Expenditure over the next decade is expected to grow at an annual rate of 5.8%, or one …
Peer Instruction of Home Glucose Monitoring
Authors: William J Warzak, Teodoro Ayllon, Harry K Delcher
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

During a 2-wk summer camp for insulin-dependent children aged 9–15 yr, a voluntary program of home glucose monitoring using an Ames' Dextrometer was offered. The primary instructors were campers who had mastered the procedure and who, with limited staff assistance, tutored naive campers. By camp's end, 96% of all naive campers had practiced this new home glucose monitoring procedure. Procedural errors were infrequent and decreased as a function of practice. No significant differences were found in error rates as a function of either the age or sex of the user. The data suggest that home glucose monitoring could be incorporated into the treatment regimen of many young patients and that peer instruction is an effective method of introducing the procedure to young children.
Growing Use of Medicinal Botanicals Forces Assessment by Drug Regulators
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THE GROWING USE of botanicals (drugs and other products derived from plants) by the US public is forcing moves to evaluate the health claims of these agents and to develop standards of quality and manufacture. The parties involved—herbal therapists, manufacturers, processors, and distributors of botanicals—and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are circling each other warily. But at a meeting in Washington, DC, sponsored by the National Institute of Health's Office of Alternative Medicine in cooperation with the FDA, all these parties had a frank exchange about the issues that must be addressed if botanical products are to enter the mainstream of medical practice. <h3>Need Scientific Evidence</h3> "There are estimates that as many as one in three Americans are using some form of alternative medicine," said Devra Lee Davis, PhD, MPH, senior adviser to the Assistant Secretary for Health. "Botanicals are becoming widely used. We have to assess a process