tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Efficacy, Longevity, and Safety of Electroporation-Assisted Plasmid-Based Gene Transfer into Mouse Muscles
Authors: Maria J. Molnar, Rénald Gilbert, Yifan Lu, An-Bang Liu, Athena Guo, Nancy Larochelle, Kristian Orlopp, Hanns Lochmuller, Basil J. Petrof, Josephine Nalbantoglu, George Karpati
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Intramuscular injection of plasmid is a potential alternative to viral vectors for the transfer of therapeutic genes into skeletal muscle fibers. The low efficiency of plasmid-based gene transfer can be enhanced by electroporation (EP) coupled with the intramuscular application of hyaluronidase. We have investigated several factors that can influence the efficiency of plasmid-based gene transfer. These factors include electrical parameters of EP, optimal use of hyaluronidase, age and strain of the host, and plasmid size. Muscles of very young and mature normal, mdx, and immunodeficient mice were injected with plasmids expressing beta-galactosidase, microdystrophin, full-length dystrophin, or full-length utrophin. Transfection efficiency, muscle fiber damage, and duration of transgene expression were analyzed. The best transfection level with the least collateral damage was attained at 175-200 V/cm. Pretreatment with hyaluronidase markedly increased transfection, which was also influenced by the plasmid size and the strain and the age of the mice. Even in immunodeficient mice, there was a significant late decline in transgene expression and plasmid DNA copies, although both still remained relatively high after 1 year. Thus, properly optimized EP-assisted plasmid-based gene transfer is a feasible, efficient, and safe method of gene replacement therapy for dystrophin deficiency of muscle but readministration may be necessary.
No demonstrable effect of S-carboxymethylcysteine on clearance of secretions from the human lung.
Authors: M L Thomson, D Pavia, C J Jones, T A McQuiston
Journal: Thorax (1975)

The mucolytic efficacy of S-carboxymethylcysteine has been assessed in a double-blind crossover trial in 16 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. No significant difference was found between drug and placebo after four or seven days9 treatment in the rate of clearance of secretions from the lung. This was measured by external counting of previously inhaled polystyrene tracer particles tagged with technetium-99m (99mTc). Lateral scans across the right chest after inhaling the aerosol showed equal penetration of particles towards the periphery of the lung in drug and placebo runs; this indicated that the airways had not been cleared of mucus by the drug. There was no significant difference between drug and placebo runs in the number of coughs or the weight and radioactive content of sputum voided or raised at the end of the run by chest percussion and postural drainage. Ventilatory capacity was not significantly changed nor was there any subjective improvement in the patients as a result of taking the drug.
Certified Professionals
Authors: Ethan M. Shevach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Although negative selection in the thymus and induction of anergy in the periphery have been widely accepted as mechanisms for controlling autoreactivity, much less attention has been devoted to the role of suppressor T cells in mediating dominant immunologic self-tolerance. In 1995, Sakaguchi et al. 12 made the seminal observation that the transfer of CD4+ T cells which had been depleted of the minor subpopulation (10%) of cells that coexpressed the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) α-chain (CD25) to nu/nu recipients induced organ-specific autoimmune disease in the majority of recipients. Cotransfer of CD4+CD25+ cells with the CD4+CD25− cells prevented the development of disease. The CD4+CD25+ population was also shown to be solely responsible for the prevention of autoimmunity observed after mice are thymectomized on the third day of life 3.

Rapid progress in the analysis of the regulatory function of the CD4+CD25+ T cell population was made by the development of in vitro model systems that mimicked the function of these cells in vivo 456. Although minor differences were observed in the results obtained by the different groups, it is widely accepted that these cells are both hyporesponsive and suppressive. Further studies demonstrated that the CD4+CD25+ T cells act through an APC-independent mechanism (7, and unpublished observations). Induction of suppressor activity requires that the CD4+ CD25+ cells be activated through their TCR, but once activated, they suppress T cell activation in an antigen-independent manner without a requirement for reactivation through their TCR. Therefore, we proposed 4 that CD4+ CD25+ cells represent a unique lineage of CD4+ T cells that function as “professional suppressor cells.” The publication in this issue of four papers dealing with different aspects of the function of CD4+CD25+ T cells clearly indicates that they have now received their “professional certification.”
PITAVASTATIN REDUCES ELEVATED SOLUBLE LECTIN-LIKE OXIDIZED LDL RECEPTOR-1 LEVELS IN SUBJECTS WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA: SUB-ANALYSIS OF KANSAI INVESTIGATION OF STATIN FOR HYPERLIPIDEMIC INTERVENTION IN METABOLISM AND ENDOCRINOLOGY (KISHIMEN)
Authors: Noriaki Kume, Hiroyuki Koshiyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Insulin resistance, LDL particle size, and LDL susceptibility to oxidation in pediatric kidney and liver recipients
Authors: Arja Siirtola, Marjatta Antikainen, Marja Ala-Houhala, Anna-Maija Koivisto, Tiina Solakivi, Suvi M. Virtanen, Hannu Jokela, Terho Lehtimäki, Christer Holmberg, Matti K. Salo
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Points: Focal epilepsy in diabetic nonketotic hyperglycaemia
Authors: B. Meldrum
Journal: BMJ (1985)

reiterated my comment' on the treatment of cysticercosis with metriphonate and by means of radioimmunotherapy.Some other advances should be mentioned.In addition to praziquantel2-4 the anthelmninthic flubendazole has recently been used in the management of neurocysticercosis, with apparent success.5 Injection of quinine sulphate in distilled water into subcutaneous cysticerci has also been reported to destroy the bladderworms, thus obviating the need for their surgical excision.6
Mycosis fungoides with onychomadesis
Authors: C. J. Fleming, M. J. Hunt, R. St. C. Barnetson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Mycosis fungoides with onychomadesis Get access C. J. Fleming, C. J. Fleming Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. J. Hunt, M. J. Hunt Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. St. C. Barnetson R. St. C. Barnetson Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 6, 1 December 1996, Pages 1012–1013, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1118.x Published: 01 December 1996
Should Lawyers Be Excluded From Medical Examinations?
Authors: George E. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Arsenic exposure accelerates atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice.
Authors: Petia P Simeonova, Tracy Hulderman, Dan Harki, Michael I Luster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Epidemiologic studies have shown an association between elevated arsenic levels in drinking water and an increased risk of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases. The studies presented here were performed to evaluate the atherogenic potential of arsenic using a well-established and controlled animal model of human atherosclerosis, mice deficient in apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and in vitro systems including primary human vascular cells. Wild-type and ApoE-deficient mice were exposed to 20 or 100 microg/mL sodium arsenite in drinking water for 24 weeks. As assessed morphometrically, the size of grossly discernible lesions covering the intimal area of aorta were increased significantly in arsenic-treated ApoE-deficient mice compared with nontreated transgenic mice. This effect was not associated with increased levels of serum cholesterol but was accompanied by an accumulation of arsenic in the vessel wall. Introduction of cocoa butter into the diet for 2 weeks resulted in higher serum cholesterol levels and only slight increases in the lesion size in control or arsenic-exposed ApoE-deficient mice. There were no lesions observed in the wild-type C57BL6 mice, resistant to atherosclerosis, whether they received arsenic or control drinking water. In vitro studies, including primary aorta endothelial or smooth muscle cells, were conducted to evaluate whether arsenic induces cellular mechanisms relevant to atherogenesis such as endothelial dysfunction, lipid oxidation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Arsenic treatment does not modulate endothelial cell-mediated lipid oxidation or smooth muscle cell proliferation but induced the expression of genes coding inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-8. Induction of endothelial inflammatory activity may play a role in arsenic-related vascular effects.
Bone Lesions in Molecular Subtypes of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Davide F. Robbiani, Marta Chesi, P. Leif Bergsagel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: In a recent article in the Journal, Tian et al. showed the power of microarray data mining in finding new links between single genes (e.g., dickkopf1 [DKK1]) and clinical features of a disease (in the case of DKK1, bone lesions in multiple myeloma).1 We recently divided multiple myeloma into five molecular subtypes (called translocation and cyclin D [TC] types) on the basis of cyclin D1 messenger RNA expression (without an 11q13 translocation) and the presence of translocations in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene, from chromosome 14 to 11q13 or 6p21, to 4p16, and to 16q23 or . . .
IMPACT OF POLYMER TYPE AND COATING LOCATION ON VASCULAR INFLAMMATION AND HEALING: A COMPARATIVE STENT STUDY IN THE FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC SWINE MODEL OF CORONARY RESTENOSIS
Authors: Juan Granada, Michael Eppihimer, Gregory Wilson, Natalia Sushkova, Armando Tellez, Barbara Huibregtse, Keith Dawkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Prevalence and predictors of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children aged 7‐16 years
Authors: V. Backer, N. Bach‐Mortensen, A. Dirksen
Journal: Allergy (1989)

To study the prevalence and possible predictors of bronchial responsiveness we examined a cross‐section of 527 children aged 7–16 years from Copenhagen. The method used included an interview with the child and the parents, skin prick test with common allergens and se‐IgE. Bronchial responsiveness was measured by a histamine inhalation test. We found that 79 (16%) of the children had bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BH), defined as a 20% fall in FEV 1 with a provoking concentration of histamine (PC20) at 8 mg/ml or less. Atopic symptoms defined as asthma, rhinitis or eczema were significantly ( P &lt; 0.001) correlated to BH both in prevalence and degree of BH. None of the children with urticaria had BH. The degree of bronchial responsiveness was also significantly influenced ( P &lt; 0.001) by family disposition to atopy, whereas we found no correlation between BH and “passive” smoking, specific skin test in unselected children, or elevation of IgE in children without atopic symptoms. We conclude that BH is severest in children with asthma, independent of elevated IgE or positive skin prick test. Children with rhinitis, dermatitis, or asymptomatic BH have the same degree of BH; this differed from that in children with asthma.
Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Human Immunoglobulin 10% (IgG) Administered Intravenously (IGIV), Subcutaneously (IGSC) or Facilitated Subcutaneously with Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase (IGHy) in a Subset of Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Disease (PIDD)
Authors: M. Stein, R.L. Wasserman, I. Melamed, J. Puck, S. Gupta, W. Engl, H. Leibl, D. Gelmont, R.I. Schiff
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Conservatism revisited: Base rates, prior probabilities, and averaging strategies
Authors: Nancy Paule Melone, Timothy W. McGuire
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Consistent with Koehler's position, we propose a generalization of the base rate fallacy and earlier conservatism literatures. In studies using both traditional tasks and new tasks based on ecologically valid base rates, our subjects typically underweight individuating information at least as much as they underweight base rates. The implications of cue consistency for averaging heuristics are discussed.
Interleukin‐4 and interferon‐gamma production by peripheral bloGd mononuclear cells from food‐allergic patients
Authors: F. André, J. Pène, C. André
Journal: Allergy (1996)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with food allergy had a cytokine imbalance of interleukin (1L)‐4 and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) production. Diagnostic procedures including skin prick tests, determination of food‐specific serum IgEs, and positive double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, food challenges identified 15 adult patients. They were compared with 15 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h in the presence of phytohemagglutinin plus phorbol myristate acetate. After mitogen stimulation, culture supernatants from patients with food allergy contained significantly less IFN‐γ but increased IL‐4 when compared with healthy controls. Secretion of IL‐4 was maximal at 24 h and IFN‐γ secretion was maximal at 72 h. There was no correlation between cytokine secretion in vitro and serum IgE level. These findings demonstrated that an imbalance of IL‐4 and IFN‐γ production is present in food allergy, as documented in other allergic diseases, but other mechanisms are probably also involved.
A10.19 MRP8/14 Serum Complexes as Predictor of Response to Biological Treatments in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yuen Kei Choi, Marieke J Herenius, Carla A Wijbrandts, Johannes Roth, Dirk Föll, Danielle M Gerlag, Paul-Peter Tak, Dirk Holzinger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Biological therapy has dramatically improved the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One-third of patients however show a lack of clinical response to this treatment. The use of robust predictive markers of response to identify individuals who are likely to respond to biological treatments may provide guidance in optimising treatment strategies and lead to lower costs. The ability of MRP8/14 serum complexes, a major granulocyte and monocyte protein associated with inflammation in patients with RA, was tested to differentiate between responders and non-responders to various biological treatments and to monitor disease activity in these RA patients. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> 170 RA patients were treated with adalimumab, infliximab or rituximab and were categorised into responders (n = 123) and non-responders (n = 47) according to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. Serum concentrations of MRP8/14 complexes were measured at baseline, week 4 and week 16 and divided in low and high MRP8/14 serum complexes level groups based on the median level for each treatment group. Non-parametric tests were used to analyse the data. <h3>Results</h3> Before initiation of adalimumab, infliximab or rituximab treatment, responders showed significantly higher levels of MRP8/14 serum complexes compared to non-responders. (p = 0.010, p = 0.001 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that having a high level of MRP8/14 serum complexes at baseline increased the odds of being a responder by a factor of 3.3 till 55. MRP8/14 serum complexes levels decreased after 4 weeks with respectively 46% and 60% (respectively median delta changes ∆400; IQ 160–895 and 840; IQ170–1170) and 16 weeks with 61% and 68% (∆730; IQ220–1120 and ∆970; IQ530–1830) of treatment in responders to adalimumab and infliximab, while MRP8/14 serum complexes levels were stable in non-responders. In patients treated with rituximab, MRP8/14 serum complexes decreased with 61% (∆1670; IQ959.5–3520) after 16 weeks in responders (p = 0.0005) and increased with 94% (∆960; IQ405–1135) after 16 weeks in non-responders to treatment (p = 0.0039). <h3>Conclusions</h3> MRP8/14 serum complexes can be used as a biomarker predictive of the response to biological therapy in RA patients.
Denmark reviews how it deals with drug misuse
Authors: M Dolley
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Denmark's approach to dealing with drug misusers must be reassessed, says the Danish Medical Association (DMA). Its chairman, Torben Pedersen, dubbed the strategy of the past 25 years - which have seen a large rise in deaths from drug misuse and the growth of a thriving black market in methadone - an “outright failure.”

The Danish authorities have been stepping up policing and increasing the legal penalties for drug misuse, particularly in the past five years. The DMA says that these practices should be scrapped. “We cannot win the battle against hard drugs by fighting the drug takers,” said Dr Pedersen.

At the same time there has been a strong growth in private treatment with methadone, particularly at three large clinics, and several …
Oxygen Therapy Masks
Authors: Julian M. Leigh
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  I was interested to read the paper by Friedman et al (228:474, 1974) on the evaluation of air-entraining oxygen masks. I, too, have searched for a method of evaluating these devices and agree that it is futile to attempt sampling within the barrel using an oxygen analyzer. My solution to this problem 1,2 utilizes the mathematical theory of the O 2 / CO 2 diagram. In principle, it assesses what comes out of the patient from which the inspired oxygen concentration can be determined with certainty. My studies have shown that Ventimasks perform within the manufacturers' tolerance, ie, ±1% for 24% and 28%, and ±2% for 35% and 40%. I tried some time ago to employ plastic bags as described by Friedman et al and found that even the minute back pressure of this technique interferes with the performance of Ventimasks, causing less air entrainment and hence a
Renal transplantation in leprosy.
Authors: D Adu, D B Evans, P R Millard, R Y Calne, T Shwe, W H Jopling
Journal: BMJ (1973)

This is the first report of renal transplantation in a patient with lepromatous leprosy although renal failure is an impor- tant cause of death in these patients (Brusco and Masanti, 1963; Desikan and Job, 1968; Hart and Rees, 1967).The deficiency of cell-mediated immune response in patients with lepromatous leprosy results in a prolongation of survival of allogenic skin grafts (Heart -and Rees, 1967; Turk, 1970; Han et al., 1971).This may be of importance in clinical organ transplantation.Case Report A 27-ytar-old Anglo-Indian with end-stage chronic renal failure and hypertension and with a history of fevers, backache, and haematura at the age of 17 years suggestive of chronic pyelone- piritis was referred for dialysis and transplantation in June 1966.After preliminary haemodialysis he received a cadaveric renal trans- plant in July with inmnediate diuresis.No HL-A typing was avail- able at the time.Immunosuppression was started with hydro- cortisone and azathioprine and he was subsequently maintained on prednisolone and azathionrine.He was discharged home two months after operation with a creatinine clearance of 60 ml/min and he remained well for the next two years maintaining a creatinine clearance of 70 ml/min.Twenty-three months after his transplant he developed a pyrexial illness with a left epididymo-orchitis, thickening of some peripheral nerves, and erythema nodosum on his limbs, trunk, and face.These developments were clinically suggestive of lepromatous leprosy complicated by a lepra reaction.Skin biopsy and smears showed the presence of large numbers of acid-fast bacilli.Co- inc;dentallv his renal function deteriorated, his creatinine clearance falling to 35 ml/min.At this stage the patient admitted to having developed leprosy in India in 1952.He had received regular treatment for four years and after this had treated himself inter- mittently until the time of his renal transplant.He was now treated initially with dansone at a dose of 1 mg dailv and the prednisolone was increased to cover the lepra reaction.After initial improvement he developed a further reaction and his therapy was changed to clofazimine.On a dose of 300 mg daily his skin lesions regressed ranidly although he developed a bright red pigmentation of his skin.He remained well until December 1970, when he was re- admitted with deterioration of renal function coincident with a further lepra reaction.His creatinine clearance was 5-2 ml/min and
Mapping Our Genes: Genome Projects: How Big, How Fast?
Authors: Dale H. Cowan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Few scientific projects have excited the imagination or generated the controversies that are associated with the effort to map the human genome. Comprehensive studies of a human genome project followed a proposal by Renato Dulbecco in 1986 to sequence the human genome completely in order to solve fundamental problems of cancer. One study was undertaken by the National Research Council of the National Academy of Science. The second was done by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) of the US Congress. The two reports were released in early 1988. <i>Mapping Our Genes: Genome Projects: How Big, How Fast?</i>is the report issued by the OTA. The report was prepared by the OTA Human Genome Project staff with the assistance of an advisory panel comprised of leading scientists from industry and the academic community who represent a variety of disciplines and interests. The report is well organized and well written. It