tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inherited deficiency of the second component of complement. Rheumatic disease associations.
Authors: D Glass, D Raum, D Gibson, J S Stillman, P H Schur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The prevalence of homozygous and heterozygous deficiency of the second component of complement (C2) was determined in patients with rheumatic disease including 137 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 274 with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and 134 with rheumatoid arthritis. 1 C2 homozygous deficient and 19 possible heterozygous deficient individuals were identified by using both immunochemical and functional assays to determine C2 levels. Of the 20, 8 had SLE (5.9%), 10 had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (3.7%), and 2 had rheumatoid arthritis (1.4%), the homozygous deficient individual having SLE. The prevalence of C2 deficiency in the SLE and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients was significantly increased (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.02, respectively) when compared with controls, 6 (1.2%) of 509 blood donors having C2 levels consistent with heterozygous deficiency. 15 of the 20 C2 deficient patients were HLA typed and found to have antigens A10(Aw25), B18, or both. The patients with C2 deficiency and SLE had earlier age of onset of disease and less antinuclear antibody when compared with the C2 normal SLE patients. 11 families of the propositi were studied and found to have one or more C2 heterozygous deficient individuals. The family members had an equal distribution of rheumatic disease and antinuclear antibody in the C2 deficient and C2 normal groups. C2 deficient individuals were found to have significantly lower levels of properdin Factor B (242 mug/ml+/-54) when compared with the non-C2 deficient family members (282 mug/ml+/-73). These data support the concept that inherited deficiency of C2 is significantly associated with both SLE and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
PD06-01: Molecular Classification with 21 Gene Assay (Oncotype DX®) Shows in 196,967 ER Positive Patients High Frequency of Low Recurrence Score [LRS] in Both Node Positive (N+) and Negative (N-) Breast Cancer (BrCa) Cohorts. Definition of Chemoresistance Based on LRS with Cost and Guideline Implications.
Authors: J Ragaz, KS Wilson, H Wong, G Muraca, W Hryniuk, C Bajdik
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND : Key retrospective analyses have shown no benefit from adjuvant CT [CT] in ER+, N-ve and N+ve BrCa pts with LRS by Oncotype DX assay. (For N-ve, hazards [RR] = 1.31, 95% C.I.: 0.46, 3.78 (Paik et.al., 2006); for N+ve, RR=1.01, 95% C.I.: 0.54, 1.93 (Albain et.al. 2009)]. LRS (RS&amp;lt;18) can therefore be equated to CT resistance (CTRES). OBJECTIVES : 1. To determine the frequency of CTRES determined by Oncotype DX in the Genomic Health database of ER+, N-ve and N+ve pts. 2. To estimate the net cost savings resulting from avoidance of CT for CTRES pts, based on universal Oncotype DX testing in ER+ pts being considered for CT. METHODOLOGY STEP 1 : Oncotype DX results were analyzed according to nodal status in the 196,967 ER+ tumor samples for CT candidates submitted to Genomic Health between Jan 2007 - Apr 2011. STEP 2 : We then calculated the $ cost saved, result of Oncotype DX, assuming: i. of new BrCa pts, 42% could be candidates Oncotype DX and CT (ER+, high risk N-ve; and all ER+ N+ve) ii. either 50% or 100% CT avoidance — according to oncology practice — among LRS cases, estimating the CT cost/pt = $15,000 US; and Oncotype DX cost/pt = $4,000 US. RESULTS — STEP 1 LRS based on Oncotype DX was more prevalent in N+ pts (chi sq p &amp;lt;0.0001) RESULTS — STEP2 ; CT Cost [in millions, USD] / 1,000 newly diagnosed cases who are CT and Oncotype DX condidates, of whom 50% [conservative estimates] will have LRS Thus, in USA, with 225,000 new BrCa pts / year, and 94 500 [42%] candidates for Oncotype DX, over 47,250 pts will have LRS, with overall savings of $330.8 mil/year with 100% CT avoidance. In Canada, with 25,000 estimated new BrCa pts/year, corresponding savings will be $46.2 mil/year. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Low RS status, presently the most reliable CTRES biomarker, is expressed with higher frequency among N+ve (59%) vs N-ve (54%) ER+ breast cancer pts. 2. If all eligible cases had the Oncotype DX test, and all with LRS would avoid CT, close to 50,000 pts in USA, and over 5,200 in Canada will be spared ineffective CT and associated toxicity / year, with hundreds of million dollars saved each year. 3. On principles of ethics and economy, these data suggest that until new research refines the molecular classification of BrCa for higher efficacy, and with lower cost and more practical access: a. universal OncotypeDx testing for pts should be performed for all ER+ breast cancer pts candidates for CT; b. management guidelines should be changed to avoid CT in all LRS pts, irrespective of nodal status; c. until prospective randomized trials confirm CT benefit among LRS pts, its use should be considered investigational. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD06-01.
Oral Contraceptives and Jaundice
Authors: I. R. Card, I. B. Sneddon, C. H. Talbot
Journal: BMJ (1966)

will the abuse come from other surgeons, who may be fortunate in having a properly organ- ized follow-up system, and who do not have to attend on Saturdays ?Or is there a perfect solution to the problem ?-I am, etc., Old Burlesdon.
Outcomes of a tuberculosis contact investigation programme in Italy
Authors: Enrica Migliore, Alberto Borraccino, Iacopo Baussano, Pavilio Piccioni, Aurelia Carosso, Massimiliano Bugiani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The contribution of diabetes is still widely overlooked in TB prevention efforts [1].In this sample of Greenland Inuit where both HIV and undernutrition remain uncommon, the risk of developing TB was markedly higher in persons with co-existing diabetes than in persons without.The very high risk associated with diabetes suggests potential reduction in the Greenland TB incidence rates through incorporating diabetes control and prevention in TB prevention schemes.However, the validity of the results should be confirmed in a larger sample size, preferentially by applying longer follow-up time to the study cohort.
STUDIES IN SYNERGY
Authors: Homer F. Swift, Mark P. Schultz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. The relative synergic stimulating influence of anti-horse serum sensitivity, non-hemolytic streptococcal hyperergy and staphylotoxin intoxication have been determined in connection with rabbits' reaction to simultaneous injections of lens extracts. These three synergic states are increasingly active in the order named. 2. Heterologous lens extract is a much more powerful antigen than is homologous lens, even under conditions where the reactivity of the immunized animal has been much enhanced.
Cost-Effectiveness of Sildenafil
Authors: Richard L. Siegel, Dale B. Glasser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters6 February 2001Cost-Effectiveness of SildenafilRichard L. Siegel, MD and Dale B. Glasser, PhDRichard L. Siegel, MDPfizer Inc.; New York, NY 10017 (Siegel, Glasser)Search for more papers by this author and Dale B. Glasser, PhDPfizer Inc.; New York, NY 10017 (Siegel, Glasser)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-3-200102060-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Smith and Roberts (1) clearly demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of sildenafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. We applaud them for conducting such high-quality research.However, we are concerned about the statement implying that sildenafil causes “severe adverse effects … sudden death, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmia, among others.” This statement appears to be based on a misinterpretation of reports of spontaneous adverse events (such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's MedWatch system).The sildenafil clinical trial database now includes 36 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies and 46 open-label studies, with more than 11 000 person-years of ...References1. Smith KJ, Roberts MS. The cost-effectiveness of sildenafil. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:933-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Mittleman MA, Glasser DB, Orazem J, Collins M. Incidence of myocardial infarction and death in 53 clinical trials of Viagra (sildenafil citrate) [Abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35 Suppl A 302. Google Scholar3. Olsson AM, Person CA. Efficacy and safety of Viagra (sildenafil citrate) in men with cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunction [Abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35 Suppl A 329. Google Scholar4. Conti CR, Pepine CJ, Sweeney M. Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in patients with ischemic heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:29C-34C. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Herrmann HC, Chang G, Klugherz BD, Mahoney PD. Hemodynamic effects of sildenafil in men with severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1622-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pfizer Inc.; New York, NY 10017 (Siegel, Glasser) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Cost-Effectiveness of Sildenafil Kenneth J. Smith and Mark S. Roberts Cost-Effectiveness of Sildenafil Kenneth J. Smith and Mark S. Roberts Cost-Effectiveness of Sildenafil Jack Beaird Cost-Effectiveness of Sildenafil Peter W. Groeneveld and Bradford W. Duncan Metrics 6 February 2001Volume 134, Issue 3Page: 250KeywordsAdverse eventsCardiovascular disease riskClinical trialsDatabasesErectile dysfunctionMedical risk factorsMyocardial infarctionSafetySafety studiesSerious adverse events ePublished: 6 February 2001 Issue Published: 6 February 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE EFFECT OF HEAT ON THE TRANSFORMING AND BINDING POWER OF BLOOD
Authors: B. T. Terry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

1. The transforming power of red blood cells for atoxyl is apparently uninfluenced by a preliminary heating of the blood for 30 minutes at 50 degrees C., but a temperature of 55 degrees C. acting for 30 minutes destroys this property of blood almost completely. 2. When the heating was for 60 minutes, 54 degrees C. and higher temperatures apparently destroyed all the transforming power. 3. After heating for 10 minutes, 70 degrees C. destroyed almost all the transforming power, and 100 degrees C. seemingly destroyed all. 4. Under the influence of certain temperatures blood seemingly binds transformed atoxyl, and under the influence of other temperatures frees it again. A temperature of 70 degrees C. for 10 minutes applied to blood subsequent to its incubation with atoxyl causes nearly all the toxicity of the solution to disappear. On the other hand, a temperature of 100 degrees C. for 10 minutes applied to blood subsequent to incubation with atoxyl leaves the solution almost as toxic as if the blood had not been heated at all after the incubation. 5. Some of the transformed atoxyl bound by blood when it is heated to 70 degrees C. for 10 minutes is freed if the heating at 70 degrees C. is prolonged to 30 minutes. See PDF for Structure 6. Blood which has bound transformed atoxyl gives up most, but not all, of this toxic substance when heated to 100 degrees for 10 minutes. All, or nearly all, is freed when the heating at 100 degrees C. is continued for 30 minutes. 7. Under the influence of 70 degrees C. for io minutes transformed atoxyl may be made to enter blood corpuscles, for the fluid above these corpuscles is rendered non-toxic and does not become toxic again when heated to 100 degrees for 20 minutes, provided it contains no laked blood. The blood corpuscles, on the other hand, when heated to 100 degrees for 20 minutes in contact with fresh salt solution, make this solution quite toxic. 8. Laked blood in contact with transformed atoxyl behaves like unlaked blood when heated to 70 degrees C. and to 100 degrees C. for 10 to 30 minutes. 9. The toxic substance can be concentrated by heating the blood corpuscles in contact with transformed atoxyl to 70 degrees C. for 10 minutes, centrifugalizing, removing a large part of the supernatant fluid, and then heating to 100 degrees C. for 30 minutes. 10. The power of blood to take up and bind transformed atoxyl is destroyed apparently completely by heating blood to 100 degrees C. for 10 minutes. 11. The toxic substance into which atoxyl is transformed (transformed atoxyl) is thermostabile, but the transforming agent in blood is thermolabile.
TASER Electronic Control Devices and Cardiac Arrests: Coincidental or Causal?
Authors: Mark W. Kroll, Dhanunjaya R. Lakkireddy, James R. Stone, Richard M. Luceri
Journal: Circulation (2014)

B eing arrested is a highly emotional event and can result in a fatal, adrenergically supercharged physiological state. 1 The exertion of arrest-related struggle is several-fold greater than that seen with normal exercise and leads to numerous extreme metabolic and electrolytic derangements, including elevated levels of lactate, CO 2 , potassium, creatine kinase, and myoglobin. 2Only 1.6% of US law-enforcement interactions involve the use or threats of force, and annually there are ≈700 000 cases in which force is used or threatened. 3There are ≈700 arrest-related deaths per year in the United States, yielding a mortality rate of ≈1 in 1000 for a law-enforcement interaction associated with force. 4 Response by Zipes on p 100The electronic control device (ECD) has gained widespread acceptance as the force option for law enforcement because of its dramatic reduction in both suspect and officer injury.At the same time, advocacy groups post statements on the Internet listing the hundreds of arrest-related deaths after ECD use with the implication that the ECD involvement was causal.Studies covering a total of >48 000 forceful arrests have consistently found suspect injury rate reductions of ≈65%. 5,6Of the 250 000 annual ECD field uses in the United States, only 1 in 4000 is involved in an arrest-related death.This reduction in fatality rate is consistent with published data showing that 5.4% of ECD uses "clearly prevented the use of lethal force by police." 7][10][11][12][13] In most cases, those authors did not consider important factors that are now better understood.These include separating postural from cardiovascular collapse, the latency of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation (VF), the presence of significant cardiac pathology, failure of prompt defibrillation, the duration of documented breathing, the distance of the ECD electrode from the heart, and the stability of electrically induced VF.We have thoroughly investigated these cases as either TASER scientific advisors or expert witnesses.The goal of this article is to resolve the confusion about these cases by introducing more complete data and by using a consistent case-report scoring methodology. Methods Understanding the Confounders Postural Versus Cardiovascular CollapseIn the normal course of life, an exertional postural collapse is, correctly, often associated with a cardiac arrest.However, it is sometimes forgotten that the ECD design goal is to cause a postural collapse to stop aggression.A sternal rub response is often blunted by the presence of alcohol, illegal drugs, psychotic break, and endorphins from the struggle.Hence, nonresponsiveness is also more difficult to evaluate in the law-enforcement scenario.
588 ALBUMIN RESTORES RENAL BLOOD FLOW (RBF) AUTOREGULATION IN PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY ASCITES AND ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE (ACLF) THROUGH STABILIZATION OF ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION
Authors: J. O'Brien, R. Garcia-Martinez, L. Noiret, N. Davies, R. Mookerjee, R. Jalan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
von Willebrand disease: Clinical and laboratory lessons learned from the large von Willebrand disease studies
Authors: Paula D. James, David Lillicrap
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract During the past 25 years, our knowledge concerning the pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and treatment of von Willebrand disease (VWD) has increased significantly. Following the immunological differentiation of factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) in the 1970s and the cloning of the FVIII and VWF genes in the mid‐1980s, substantial progress has been made in our understanding of this, the most common inherited bleeding disorder. We now recognize that VWD represents a range of genetic diseases all with the clinical endpoint of increased mucocutaneous bleeding. The molecular pathology of Type 2 and 3 VWD is now comprehensively documented and involves rare sequence variants at the VWF locus. In contrast, the genetic causation of Type 1 disease remains incompletely defined and in many cases appears to involve genetic determinants in addition to or instead of VWF . The diagnostic triad of a personal history of excessive mucocutaneous bleeding, laboratory tests for VWF that are consistent with VWD, and a family history of the condition remain the keystone to VWD identification. In the laboratory, measurement of VWF antigen and function continue to be the most important diagnostic studies, and while our understanding of the molecular genetic pathology of VWD has advanced considerably in the past decade, genetic testing as a component of diagnosis is limited to certain distinct subtypes of the disorder. Treatment of VWD has been relatively unchanged for the past decade and continues to involve either stimulation of the release of intrinsic VWF with desmopressin or the infusion of VWF concentrates. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolving Polycythemia Vera and Wegener's Granulomatosis
Authors: AGUSTÍN CABANILLAS-ARIAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1984Evolving Polycythemia Vera and Wegener's GranulomatosisAGUSTÍN CABANILLAS-ARIAS, M.D., JUAN JOSÉ LAHUERTA-PALACIOS, M.D., CRUZ ORTIZ-CONDE, M.D., J. MONTERO-CASTILLO, M.D.AGUSTÍN CABANILLAS-ARIAS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JUAN JOSÉ LAHUERTA-PALACIOS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CRUZ ORTIZ-CONDE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. MONTERO-CASTILLO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-3-399_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the article by Fauci and colleagues (1) on Wegener's granulomatosis. Despite references to neoplasias as probable consequences of the use of cyclophosphamide in the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis, these two entities have yet to be reported in primary association. Recently, we studied a patient with polycythemia vera in the process of evolving toward frank leukemia associated with a systemic necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis with the clinical pattern of Wegener's granulomatosis.A 79-year-old woman was diagnosed as having polycythemia vera in 1975, the evolution of which was controlled for 7 years by alkylating agents and...References1. FAUCIHAYNESKATZWOLFF ABPS. Wegener's granulomatosis: prospective clinical and therapeutic experience with 85 patients for 21 years. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:76-85. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ELKONHUGHESCATOVSKY KGD. Hairy cell leukemia with poliarteritis nodosa. Lancet. 1979;2:280-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CUPPSFAUCI TA. Neoplasm and systemic vasculitis: a case report. Arthritis Rheum. 1982;4:475-6. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. NIELSENTHIEDECARLSSON BTM. Myelodysplasic syndrome in polycythaemia vera. Br J Haematol. 1983;55:193-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. CUPPSFAUCI TA. The Vasculitides. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co.;1981:116-23. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Servicio de Hematologia Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo Madrid Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1984Volume 101, Issue 3Page: 399-399KeywordsCyclophosphamidePolycythemia veraVasculitisWegener granulomatosis Issue Published: 1 September 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Applying a theory of implicit and explicit knowledge to memory research
Authors: Neil W. Mulligan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

This commentary discusses how Dienes &amp; Perner's theory of implicit and explicit knowledge applies to memory research. As currently formulated, their theory does seem to account simultaneously for population dissociations and dissociations between conceptual and perceptual priming tasks. In addition, the specification of four distinct memorial states (correlated with different recognition test responses) faces important methodological challenges.
Islet Amyloid and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jo W.M. Höppener, Bo Ahrén, Cornelis J.M. Lips
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Almost a century ago, in 1901, Eugene L. Opie described "hyaline degeneration of the islands of Langerhans" in the pancreas of patients with hyperglycemia (Figure 1).1 A relation with diabetes mellitus was suggested, although at that time insulin had not yet been identified as an islet protein. The chief component of the proteinaceous deposits described by Opie — later referred to as islet amyloid — was identified in 1986 as a protein of beta-cell origin named islet amyloid polypeptide.2 Islet amyloid is a characteristic pathological finding in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, being present in more than 90 percent. . . .
Court ruling ends Patel inquiry
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A commission of inquiry into the appointment, conduct, and oversight of Jayant Patel, the doctor at the centre of investigations after 13 deaths at Queensland's Bundaberg Hospital ( BMJ 2005;330:985), has been disbanded.

It follows a Supreme Court of Queensland ruling that Commissioner Tony Morris QC, heading the investigation, had “ostensible bias” against two government health officials.

The decision followed applications to the Supreme Court by Darren Keating, the director of medical services at the Bundaberg Base Hospital, and his superior, Peter Leck, the Queensland health district manager.

In his decision Justice Moynihan found that …
Von Willebrand's Disease
Authors: L Holmberg, I M Nilsson
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1975)

The common inheritable hemorrhagic disorder, von Willebrand's disease, has been known for only about 50 yr. During these years it has been well established that the cause of the disease is a deficiency of a plasma protein with remarkable biological properties. Future research should focus on details of the molecular structure of this protein. It is hoped that basic science will help to elucidate those aspects of von Willebrand's disease that are not yet properly understood.
Four hour targets for accident and emergency are to be scrapped
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The government has said it will scrap the four hour waiting time target in accident and emergency departments switching its focus instead to “measuring what matters most to patients”—quality and outcomes of care.

The health secretary Andrew Lansley revealed the plan during questions in the House of Commons after he announced that a full public inquiry would take place into the failing of care at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust ( BMJ 2010;340:c3117 doi: 10.1136/bmj.c3117).

Mr Lansley said that over the coming weeks the government will set out further NHS reforms that deal …
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ALBUMINURIA IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH RECENT ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Wassef Karrowni, Yan Li, Philip Jones, Sharon Cresci, Mouin Abdallah, Thomas Maddox, John Spertus, Phillip Horwitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)