tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4369: The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) contributes to tumor growth and metastasis though interaction with the host immune response
Authors: Kendra D. Simpson, Dennis J. Templeton, Janet V. Cross
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is overexpressed in many cancers and the degree of expression correlates with tumor aggressiveness. MIF contains a conserved tautomerase activity for which a physiological substrate or function has yet to be identified. We determined that sulforaphane (SFN), a chemopreventive agent prevalent in broccoli, covalently modifies MIF and inhibits its enzymatic tautomerase activity with an IC50 within the concentration range observed in the plasma of human subjects following a broccoli sprout meal. We are examining the role of MIF in tumor growth and metastasis in the 4T1 model of breast carcinoma. This model recapitulates many aspects of human breast tumor progression, including spontaneous metastasis from the mammary fat pad to similar target organs in similar proportions. We found that a 4T1 tumor cell line depleted of MIF forms smaller tumors than the 4T1 cells that express, and is reduced in its ability to metastasize to the lung. Reconstitution of the MIF deficient 4T1 cells with wild-type MIF rescues the defect in tumor growth and metastasis, while a tautomerase-deficient MIF does not. This suggests a function for the tautomerase activity in tumor progression and metastasis. Importantly, the MIF dependent growth differences are only manifested in vivo, as the MIF KD cell line is not compromised in growth or colony formation in vitro, suggesting that MIF may be contributing to the interaction between the tumor and the host immune response. This was confirmed by our demonstration that MIF deficient and MIF containing tumors exhibited similar growth properties in immunodeficient animals. This may represent an alternative mechanism for chemoprevention in which SFN can target the tumor microenvironment rather than the tumor cells. We are currently working to characterize a leukocyte population whose recruitment is altered in MIF depleted tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4369. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4369
The Transmission of Epidemic Influenza
Authors: Michael Loudon
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In October 1918, ten years old and at school, Edgar Hope-Simpson caught influenza. Of his 90 fellow pupils only one escaped infection, and one died. Worldwide a billion plus were affected, and an estimated 20 million died. In 1932, a year before the discovery of the influenza virus, Hope-Simpson had just begun his career as a general practitioner in Dorset. That winter saw a devastating influenza A epidemic, "the behaviour of which in a rural population... seemed inexplicable in terms of a virus that was spreading directly from the sick in the manner of measles virus. The attempt to find a rational explanation of its behaviour has preoccupied me ever since...." In 1946 he moved to Cirencester in Gloucestershire, and a year later the Cirencester Epidemiological Research Unit (of which Hope-Simpson is still a director) was created. A microbiological laboratory was added in 1961, and in 1979, some 47 years
Using Touchscreen Electronic Medical Record Systems to Support and Monitor National Scale-Up of Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi
Authors: Gerald P. Douglas, Oliver J. Gadabu, Sabine Joukes, Soyapi Mumba, Michael V. McKay, Anne Ben-Smith, Andreas Jahn, Erik J. Schouten, Zach Landis Lewis, Joep J. van Oosterhout, Theresa J. Allain, Rony Zachariah, Selma D. Berger, Anthony D. Harries, Frank Chimbwandira
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

The Health in Action section is a forum for individuals or organizations to highlight their innovative approaches to a particular health problem.
<i>In vivo</i>activation of Langerhans cells and dendritic epidermal T cells in the elicitation phase of murine contact hypersensitivity
Authors: None TSURUTA, None KANEDA, None TERAMAE, None ISHII
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Langerhans cells (LCs) and dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) constitute the skin immune system. To demonstrate the kinetics of in vivo activation of murine LCs and DETCs in the elicitation phase of contact hypersensitivity, we measured the cell area positively stained for I-A and gammadeltaT-cell receptor (or Thy-1.2), respectively, under a fluorescence microscope at various time intervals after topical application of dinitrofluorobenzene. The fluorescence-positive area of LCs increased in parallel with that of DETCs at 1 h and 24 h, indicating the biphasic activation of LCs and DETCs. Early activation was hapten-specific and often exhibited close LC-to-DETC apposition. Experiments with in vivo administration of neutralizing anticytokine antibodies revealed that none of interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta were involved in the induction of early activation of LCs and DETCs, while TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mediated late activation of LCs, and IFN-gamma and IL-1beta mediated that of DETCs. Our results indicate that LCs and DETCs are synchronously and biphasically activated in the epidermis during the elicitation phase of contact hypersensitivity and suggest that different mechanisms may control early and late activation.
Middle aortic syndrome as a cause of heart failure in children and its management.
Authors: S Gupta, B Goswami, D C Ghosh, A N Sen Gupta
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Two cases of middle aortic syndrome in children are described along with two other cases reported earlier. In childhood, this disease may present as incipient or overt cardiac failure. Surgical treatment should be undertaken based on an objective assessment of the severity of the stricture and after taking into account the future growth of the child.
Risk Models and Patient-Centered Evidence
Authors: David M Kent, Nilay D Shah
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Myeloid-derived growth factor (C19orf10) mediates cardiac repair following myocardial infarction
Authors: Mortimer Korf-Klingebiel, Marc R Reboll, Stefanie Klede, Torben Brod, Andreas Pich, Felix Polten, L Christian Napp, Johann Bauersachs, Arnold Ganser, Eva Brinkmann, Ines Reimann, Tibor Kempf, Hans W Niessen, Jacques Mizrahi, Hans-Joachim Schönfeld, Antonio Iglesias, Maria Bobadilla, Yong Wang, Kai C Wollert
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
The High Specificity of the Manganese Pathway Through the Body12
Authors: George C. Cotzias, James J. Greenough
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

The accepted ideas about the physiological role of manganese have been derived predominantly from in vitro experiments.However, these are characterized by lack of specificity: Only a limited discrimination between manganese and some other metals is shown, for instance, in metal transport systems (1, 2), in enzyme activation (2-4) and in the preservation of mitochondria (5).The conclusions from these experiments were of in- terest because they threw new doubt on the func- tional specificity and even on the essentiality of manganese in the living organism.Thus it be- came necessary to ascertain whether manganese may be replaced in the intact animal as well.To investigate this, we have used a variation of the classical technique of flooding the organism with metals which we were led to believe would sub- stitute for manganese.Surprisingly, these kindred metals were ineffective in eluting radiomanganese from the body: Only manganese compounds proved effective in that regard.The results suggest that there exists a segment in the pathway of manganese through the body, the properties of which permit the passage of that metal only.This paper deals with the implications of this finding both in reference to manganese as well as to the elements which have been thought not to possess such an in vivo specificity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments with intact animalsAnimals.These were seven week old Swiss albino male mice, weighing 16 to 18 grams.They were housed in cages, the bedding of which consisted of shredded corn cobs.When dietary restrictions were imposed,
Hypertension, Oral Contraceptive Agents, and Conjugated Estrogens
Authors: M. G. CRANE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Twenty-two patients developed hypertension on oral contraceptive pills. Mean blood pressure of the group before, during, and after the medication was stopped was 125/76, 183/110, and 130/82 mm Hg, respectively. The average plasma renin activity, the renin substrate, and the aldosterone excretion rate were moderately elevated in the patients who were studied while on the oral contraceptives. In 8 of 10 patients studied 3 to 6 weeks after the medication had been stopped, plasma renin activity failed to have a normal increase in response to sodium restriction and standing. In 3 of 11 patients values were in the hyporesponsive range when they were tested 2 to 7 months later. Five patients were studied who developed hypertension 3 months to 5 years after starting to take a conjugated estrogen. Four became normotensive from 1 to 7 months after they stopped taking the estrogen. The two patients studied had a hyporesponsive plasma renin activity on repeat study in association with an elevated plasma renin substrate while they were taking the estrogen.
Effectiveness of routine self monitoring of peak flow in patients with asthma
Authors: N Drummond, M Abdalla, J A G Beattie, J K Buckingham, T Lindsay, L M Osman, S J Ross, A Roy-Chaudhury, I Russell, M Turner, J A R Friend, J S Legge, J G Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To evaluate the effectiveness of routine self monitoring of peak flow for asthma outpatients. <b>Design</b> : Pragmatic randomised trial. <b>Setting</b> : Hospital outpatient clinics and general practices in north east Scotland. <b>Main outcome measures</b> : Use of bronchodilators and inhaled and oral steroids; number of general practice consultations and hospital admissions for asthma; sleep disturbance and other restrictions on normal activity; psychological aspects of health including perceived control of asthma. <b>Results</b> : After one year there were no significant differences between patients randomised between self monitoring of peak flow and conventional monitoring. However, those given a peak flow meter recorded an increase in general practice consultations that was nearly significant. Among patients whose asthma was judged on entry to be more severe, those allocated to self monitoring used more than twice as many oral steroids (2.2; 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 4.6). Patients who already possessed a peak flow meter at the start of the study recorded higher morbidity over the course of the year than those eligible for randomisation. <b>Conclusion</b> : Prescribing peak flow meters and giving self management guidelines to all asthma patients is unlikely to improve mortality or morbidity.Patients whose asthma is severe may benefit from such an intervention.
Splenic Concentration of Bone Imaging Agents in Functional Asplenia
Authors: RAMESH D. DHEKNE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Three cases of sickle cell disease associated with functional asplenia are described. The spleen was not visualized on routine Tc-99m-sulfur colloid scan. The bone scan performed with Tc-99m-phosphate compounds revealed abnormal splenic activity in all three cases. The previous case reports and the literature on this subject are reviewed.
Gonococcal Endocarditis With Penicillin-Induced Bone Marrow Hypoplasia
Authors: Adam D. Timmis
Journal: JAMA (1981)

ENDOCARDITIS is a rare complication of gonococcal infection.<sup>1</sup>We describe an unusual case in which treatment was complicated by two severe episodes of drug-induced neutropenia. This report emphasizes the important role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of endocarditis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 18-year-old woman was admitted with a three-week history of fever, chest pain, and painful swellings on the left index finger and thumb. One week previously, her right knee had been swollen and painful. Her temperature was 38 °C, splinter hemorrhages were noted, and Osler's nodes were present on the left index finger and thumb. The carotid pulse was regular with a sharp upstroke. The blood pressure was 150/60 mm Hg. There were no signs of heart failure. An ejection systolic murmur and a loud early diastolic murmur were audible over the precordium. The ECG showed sinus rhythm and widespread nonspecific T-wave flattening. The chest
ARE LOW DEGREE LENSES "MERELY OF MYTHICAL VALUE?"Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: HORACE M. STARKEY
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The leading editorial of theJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, of Feb. 3, 1894, entitled, "Superfluous Spectacles" has attracted much attention and elicited considerable discussion and criticism. Most critics have, so far as observed by the writer, agreed that the editorial is, in the main, timely and excellent. The object of the editor was to enter a protest against what seems to him to be a growing tendency on the part of many ophthalmologists to find in the eyes a cause for all the ills to which flesh is heir, and also to fear that ills will come to the most vigorous if any error of refraction is allowed to go uncorrected. As a protest against the prescribing of spectacles without a clear indication for their use, and against considering the eye apart from the organism as a whole, we believe it is strong and timely. The editor, however,
Multislice Computed Tomography for Pulmonary Embolism — A Technological Marvel
Authors: Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary embolism will improve survival and quality of life because treatment decreases mortality and the likelihood that thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension or the post-thrombotic syndrome will develop. The paramount challenge is to consider pulmonary embolism as a diagnostic possibility and therefore order the appropriate diagnostic tests and institute timely and effective therapy.Computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the chest has revolutionized our diagnostic approach to suspected pulmonary embolism. Ventilation–perfusion lung scanning used to be the pivotal imaging test, but the lung scan was problematic because it rarely provided a definitive "high probability" or "normal" result. Its . . .
Air Pollution and Morbidity in New York City
Authors: Leonard Greenburg
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The relationship of air pollution to health was studied during a period in the month of November, 1953, when air pollution in New York City reached high levels. An analysis of clinic visits was employed as an index of morbidity at 4 major city hospitals. It disclosed an increase in clinic visits for upper respiratory infections and cardiac illnesses. The increase proved to be statistically significant at 3 of the 4 hospitals for "upper respiratory" visits and 2 of the 4 hospitals for "cardiac," visits. No increase was noted in the number of visits to the asthma clinic. The evidence indicates that morbidity during this air pollution incident was significantly increased.
Abstract 943: RRM2: a key contributor in tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer.
Authors: Khyati Niral Shah, David Peterson, Marie Evangelista, Jesika Faridi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tamoxifen is primarily used for early and advanced ER positive breast cancer patients. Unfortunately about 58% of the patients fail to respond to tamoxifen and eventually relapse with more aggressive tumors. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of resistance is necessary to design new therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance. In this study, we show that Ribonucleotide Reductase M2 subunit is highly expressed in Akt over-expressing breast cancer cell lines and these breast cancer cell lines are highly resistant to tamoxifen treatment In-vitro. In these breast cancer cell lines, RNA interference mediated by small interfering RNA against RRM2 sensitizes these cells to tamoxifen-induced toxicity and reversed the tamoxifen resistance. Also, Using Oncomine database, we demonstrate that RRM2 is overexpressed in breast cancer. This is the first demonstration that investigate role of RRM2 in tamoxifen resistance and could serve as a potential target to restore tamoxifen sensititivity in breast cancer cells. Citation Format: Khyati Niral Shah, David Peterson, Marie Evangelista, Jesika Faridi. RRM2: a key contributor in tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 943. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-943
Human MSC Suppression Correlates With Cytokine Induction of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Bystander M2 Macrophage Differentiation
Authors: Moïra François, Raphaëlle Romieu-Mourez, Mengyang Li, Jacques Galipeau
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Clinical trials testing the use of either autologous or allogeneic human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) as a cell-based pharmaceutical for suppression of autoimmune and alloimmune ailments are underway. Reported results from completed trials vary in effectiveness within and between studies without any clear mechanistic explanation. We propose that these discrepancies may arise from intrinsic variability in the immunosuppressive potential of each MSC donor source. Here, we demonstrate that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-activated MSC derived from normal adult volunteers suppress T cell proliferation in vitro in a variegated manner, an observation linked to IFN-mediated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) upregulation. We also demonstrate that MSC IDO activity is implicated in the differentiation of monocytes into interleukin (IL)-10-secreting M2 immunosuppressive macrophages (CD14+/CD206+). Those monocyte-derived M2 are in turn implicated in the suppression of T cell proliferation in an IL-10-independent manner, thus amplifying the immunosuppressive effect generated by MSC. In summary, the immune plasticity of IFN-γ and TNF-α licensed veto function of MSC vary among donors and defines a central role to inducible IDO activity and its bystander effect on lymphomyeloid immune effectors. Clinical trials testing the use of either autologous or allogeneic human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) as a cell-based pharmaceutical for suppression of autoimmune and alloimmune ailments are underway. Reported results from completed trials vary in effectiveness within and between studies without any clear mechanistic explanation. We propose that these discrepancies may arise from intrinsic variability in the immunosuppressive potential of each MSC donor source. Here, we demonstrate that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-activated MSC derived from normal adult volunteers suppress T cell proliferation in vitro in a variegated manner, an observation linked to IFN-mediated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) upregulation. We also demonstrate that MSC IDO activity is implicated in the differentiation of monocytes into interleukin (IL)-10-secreting M2 immunosuppressive macrophages (CD14+/CD206+). Those monocyte-derived M2 are in turn implicated in the suppression of T cell proliferation in an IL-10-independent manner, thus amplifying the immunosuppressive effect generated by MSC. In summary, the immune plasticity of IFN-γ and TNF-α licensed veto function of MSC vary among donors and defines a central role to inducible IDO activity and its bystander effect on lymphomyeloid immune effectors.
SOME PRINCIPLES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY APPLICABLE TO ORGANOTHERAPY
Authors: R. G. HOSKINS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

In a field of biology the bibliography of which runs to 500 pages, the need for the formulation of principles might be expected long since to have passed.<sup>1</sup>To any one conversant, however, with the endocrine literature, it is obvious that no general agreement on principles— and hence on practice—has yet been reached. Endocrinology is to an unusual degree an empiric field. Our fundamental conceptions have been attained largely by clinical observations of end-results rather than by rational induction from basic facts determined, after the approved fashion, by controlled experimentation. Empiricism has deserved much of the odium that it carries. That it has a legitimate place in medicine, however, is tacitly conceded by every one who prescribes any medicament the pharmacology of which is not fully known. Indeed, it has often been said that the value of any procedure in medicine must finally be determined empirically in the crucible
Managing moderate-to-severe psoriasis with efalizumab: experience at a single Spanish institute
Authors: C. Ferrándiz, J.M. Carrascosa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Psoriasis is a lifelong, incurable disease that normally develops before the age of 30 years and affects approximately 1.4% of the Spanish population. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of efalizumab, a recombinant, humanized, monoclonal antibody, which has been approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. However, clinical trials do not necessarily reflect routine clinical practice because they are conducted under controlled conditions and in specific populations. In this paper, we describe our experiences at a large University Hospital in Spain using efalizumab to manage patients with psoriasis. We found that patients who respond to treatment at week 12 usually demonstrate long-term disease control with continuous use of efalizumab. Early response may be easiest to achieve in patients with extensive body surface area (BSA) involvement and low Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores for erythema, induration and desquamation. However, evaluation of treatment success after 12 weeks may be premature in patients with moderate or low BSA involvement if they have clinically significant PASI scores for erythema, induration and desquamation. In our experience, the safety profile is good and patients appreciate the convenience of efalizumab compared with other interventions.
Longer Examination Time Improves Detection of Neoplastic Gastric Lesions During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Jun Liang Teh, Jin Rong Tan, Linus Lau, Nakul Saxena, Agus Salim, Asim Shabbir, Sydney Chung, Mikael Hartman, Jimmy Bok Yan So
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)