tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15571: Suppressing Increased Expression of NADPH-Dependent Malic Enzyme 1 in Hypertrophied Hearts Eliminates Maladaptive Anaplerosis and Improves Redox Conditions
Authors: Ryan Lahey, Susan K Fischer, Xuerong Wang, Jian Bi, Andrew N Carley, J Michael O’Donnell, E Douglas Lewandowski
Journal: Circulation (2014)

The remodeled metabolic phenotype of hypertrophic hearts includes inefficient glucose oxidation, due in part to pyruvate carboxylation into anaplerosis. Increased carboxylation of pyruvate to malate via elevated malic enzme-1 (ME1) also consumes NADPH, which is necessary for maintaining glutathione reduction. Therefore, we studied the consequences of selective inhibition of ME1 expression via non-native miRNA targeted to the ME1 gene (miRME1) in hypertrophied rat hearts after transverse aortic constriction (TAC). TAC elevated ME1 content, but ME1 was lowered in hearts receiving miRME1 vs PBS infusion (*P&lt;0.01). The effects of ME1 suppression on anaplerosis and GSH content were studied in isolated hearts supplied 13C palmitate, glucose, and lactate. While Sham miRME1 hearts showed no further reduction of inherently low baseline ratios of anaplerosis to citrate synthase flux from normal hearts, miRME1 reduced anaplerosis in TAC to baseline: TAC miRME1=0.034±0.004; TAC PBS=0.081±0.005 (*P&lt;0.01, **P&lt;0.001). Importantly, ME1 suppression restored GSH in TAC (†P&lt;0.05). The findings demonstrate the maladaptive increase in anaplerosis via ME1 in TAC is associated with reduced GSH content. Suppressing increased ME1 expression in hypertrophied hearts, and thus consumption of NADPH for anaplerotic malate, produced favorable metabolic shifts, improving intracellular redox state.
THE RENAL PERISTALTIC CYCLE AND NEUROMUSCULAR ASPECTS OF RENAL FUNCTION AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO DISEASES OF THE KIDNEY
Authors: B HATZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1950)

Case Reports1 May 1950THE RENAL PERISTALTIC CYCLE AND NEUROMUSCULAR ASPECTS OF RENAL FUNCTION AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYBERNARD HATZ, B.Chem., M.D.BERNARD HATZ, B.Chem., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-32-5-971 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe neuromuscular apparatus of the kidney and its functions in health and in disease have been too long neglected. It has been known for at least 80 years that the ureter exhibits peristaltic waves. Howell in his Textbook of Physiology refers to a study by Engelmann published in Pfluger's Archives in 1869. Keyes9speaks of the emission of a little jet of urine from the ureter as "perhaps the most picturesque phenomenon observable through the cystoscope." It is not so well known that the kidney calyces themselves exhibit rhythmic peristaltic activity. If they did not, the lower calyces would soon...Bibliography1. Gray H: Anatomy of the human body, 24th Ed., 1942, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, p. 1246. Google Scholar2. KellyBurnam HACF: Diseases of kidneys, ureters and bladder, 1914, D. Appleton & Co., N. Y., Vol. 1, p. 167. Google Scholar3. Narath PA: The hydromechanics of the calyx renalis, J. Urol. 43: 145-176, 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. Muschat M: Musculus spiralis papillae, J. Urol. 16: 351, 1926. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. Jona JL: The kidney pelvis, Proc. Royal Soc. Med. 29: 623, 1936. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. Harris SH: Renal sympathectomy, Proc. Royal Soc. Med. 28: 1497, 1935. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. KeyesFerguson ELRS: Urology, 1936, Appleton-Century Co., N. Y. Google Scholar8. Muschat M: Hypertrophy of the spiral muscle of the renal papillae, Ann. Surg. 109: 151-155, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9. Keyes EL: Textbook of urology, 1924, D. Appleton and Co., Philadelphia, p. 415. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: BERNARD HATZ, B.Chem., M.D.Affiliations: Peekskill, New York*Received for publication June 2, 1949.From the Roentgenology Department, Veterans Administration Center and the Department of Medicine, Los Angeles 24, California.Published with the permission of the Chief Medical Director, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterans Administration, who assumes no responsibility for the opinions expressed or conclusions drawn by the author. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNierentätigkeit 1 May 1950Volume 32, Issue 5 Page: 971-982 Keywords Archives Kidneys Renal diseases Surgery Ureter Urine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1950 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cost Analysis of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection vs Surgery for Large Laterally Spreading Colorectal Lesions
Authors: Mahesh Jayanna, Nicholas G. Burgess, Rajvinder Singh, Luke F. Hourigan, Gregor J. Brown, Simon A. Zanati, Alan Moss, James Lim, Rebecca Sonson, Stephen J. Williams, Michael J. Bourke
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Abstract 1882: Changing Proportion of Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy with SCDHeFT and CARE-HF/Companion Characteristics During Follow-up on Optimal Medical Treatment
Authors: Massimo Zecchin, Andrea Di Lenarda, Dario Gregori, Alberto Pivetta, Marco Merlo, Francesca Brun, Dario Chicco, Gianfranco Sinagra
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Observations of Heart Action Under Vagus Stimulation
Authors: Audley O. Sanders
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 December 1930Observations of Heart Action Under Vagus StimulationAUDLEY O. SANDERS, M.D.AUDLEY O. SANDERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-6-632 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFor some years the view has been held by observers of first rank that the right vagus is commonly more intimately associated with the sino-auricular node and its activities than is the left vagus. It has long been noted that the slowing of the heart as result of stimulation of the right vagus is usually more marked than is the slowing as result of stimulation of the left vagus. It is certainly also a matter of common observation that in any group of normal adults the individuals vary greatly one from another in their responses to vagus stimulations. Accumulated routine...* LEWIS T: The Mechanical and Graphic Registration of the Heart Beat, 3rd Edition, 1925, p. 430. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: U. S. V. B. Diagnostic Center Palo Alto, California*Published with the permission of the Medical Director of the U. S. Veterans Bureau. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNormale und pathologische Physiologie der Rhythmik und Koordination des HerzensNormale und pathologische Physiologie der Rhythmik und Koordination des Herzens 1 December 1930Volume 4, Issue 6Page: 632-635KeywordsHeart ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1930 PDF downloadLoading ...
Press: Gods and monsters
Authors: T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

It was the kind of build up normally reserved for the launch of a Stephen King novel or a Hollywood horror blockbuster. At a hospital near you, pathology departments would offer up their grisly secrets—tiny human hands and hearts, livers and kidneys, cruelly and secretly snatched, even “narvested,” and hoarded in dirty storerooms. This was Invasion of the Body Snatchers meets Damien Hirst in his formaldehyde era. The stories had been coming in dribs and drabs for months, but in the two weeks before the launch of the report of the Royal Liverpool Children's Inquiry and the report of chief medical officer Liam Donaldson's survey of organ removal and retention elsewhere, they had reached an almost ghoulish intensity.

Health secretary Alan Milburn's widely reported word for it all was “srotesque.” According to the Times (29 January), he warned the government that the Alder Hey report was the most shocking that he had read. Also on 29 January the Guardian reported a source as describing what took place as “sn a scale and in a …
The efficacy of fiberoptic bronchoscopy via laryngeal mask airway in pediatric foreign bodies extraction
Authors: Ashraf Madkour, Ahmed Elmansoury, Samar Sharkawy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) via laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in children allows the use of adult size bronchoscope with its graspingtools, thus it may aid in foreign body (FB) extraction.We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of FOB via LMA in pediatrics FB extraction. We prospectively recruited all children (≤ 16 years) presented or referred to Pulmonary Medicine Department, Ain Shams University Hospital with clinical suspicion of FB inhalation between June 2012 and June 2013. All the patients were subjected to FOB via LMA under general anesthesia. Rigid bronchoscopy (RB) was available to extract any FB failed to be removed. Of the 49 children suspected of having FBs, 41 FBs were identified in 28 boys and 13 girls with a mean age 5.9 years (9 months to 16 years). FBs were more often lodged in the right side than in the left one (48% vs. 38%) and with predominance of organic FBs (75.6%) mainly seeds (60.9 %). Successful extraction by current technique was in 34 out of 41 (82.9%) FBs identified. RB succeeded in extraction of 6 out of 7 FBs that failed to be removed and open thoracotomy was required in 1 case. Non-critical complications related to FOB via LMA included laryngeal edema, transient hypoxia, gastric distension,mild hemoptysis and fever occurred in 5,5,4,3 and 2 patients respectively. One critical complication (stridor) related to RB. In conclusion, FOB via LMA is safe and effective in pediatric FB retrieval under general anesthesia with RB backup.
Mutations in a novel cochlear gene cause DFNA9, a human nonsyndromic deafness with vestibular dysfunction
Authors: Nahid G. Robertson, Leonard Lu, Stefan Heller, Saumil N. Merchant, Roland D. Eavey, Michael McKenna, Joseph B. Nadol, Richard T. Miyamoto, Frederick H. Linthicum, José F. Lubianca Neto, A.J. Hudspeth, Christine E. Seidman, Cynthia C. Morton, J.G. Seidman
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
General Approach to Radiation Oncology
Authors: Jennifer S. Yu, Daphne A. Haas‐Kogan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)

Great strides have been made in the field of radiation oncology to improve antineoplastic efficacy and limit side effects. Different types of radiation, including X-rays, gamma-rays, and charged particles, have been combined with technical advances such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) to generate sophisticated radiation therapy plans. A multitude of diseases are treated with radiation and the approach to each cancer, including the field and dosage of radiation, is dictated by its biologic features and its clinical natural history. Challenges in the future include harnessing unique radiation modalities such as proton therapy for the appropriate patients and combining radiation with molecularly targeted agents in rationally designed regimens.
A Systematical Analysis of Tryptic Peptide Identification with Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography and Electrospray Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wei Sun, Shuzhen Wu, Xiaorong Wang, Dexian Zheng, Youhe Gao
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2004)

In this study we systematically analyzed the elution condition of tryptic peptides and the characteristics of identified peptides in reverse phase liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS/MS) analysis. Following protein digestion with trypsin, the peptide mixture was analyzed by on-line RPLC-MS/MS. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to optimize acetonitrile (ACN) elution gradient for tryptic peptides, and Cytochrome C was used to retest the gradient and the sensitivity of LC-MS/MS. The characteristics of identified peptides were also analyzed. In our experiments, the suitable ACN gradient is 5% to 30% for tryptic peptide elution and the sensitivity of LC-MS/MS is 50 fmol. Analysis of the tryptic peptides demonstrated that longer (more than 10 amino acids) and multi-charge state (+2, +3) peptides are likely to be identified, and the hydropathicity of the peptides might not be related to whether it is more likely to be identified or not. The number of identified peptides for a protein might be used to estimate its loading amount under the same sample background. Moreover, in this study the identified peptides present three types of redundancy, namely identification, charge, and sequence redundancy, which may repress low abundance protein identification.
Abstract P132: Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Cognitive Function: Results from the Italian Health Examination Survey 2008-2012
Authors: Giovanni Viscogliosi, Simona Giampaoli, Diego Vanuzzo, Chiara Donfrancesco, Francesco Dima, Serena Vannucchi, Claudia Meduri
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: The increase in life expectancy has resulted in a growing prevalence of cognitive impairment. Several studies have explored the association with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (RF), but methodological differences in RF collection and definitions do not allow to draw inferences on the general population. The aims of this study was to describe the association between CVRF (blood pressure, total and HDL cholesterol, smoking habit) and cognitive function in a random sample of community-dwelling older population (65-79 years).

Methods: Data from the Italian Health Examination Survey 2008-2012, a nationwide cross-sectional population-based survey, were used. Blood pressure (BP), pulse pressure (PP) as the difference between systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and TC-HDL were assessed; cognitive function was investigated using the Folstein’s Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) test. Cognitive impairment was defined by MMSE score < 1 standard deviation, after controlling for age and educational level. Multiple regression analysis was performed adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status and area of residence; RF were entered as continuous variables.

Results: Out of 8714 adults (35-79 years), 1474 subjects aged 65-79 years (71.5±4.4), 47% women, were studied. Cognitive impairment was found in 13.9% of participants (15.8% in women vs 12.2% in men, p= 0.05). Stratifying participants into RF tertiles, the lower the DBP the lower the crude MMSE score (p for trend= 0.034), whereas no differences were found for SBP and PP; the lower the TC the lower the crude MMSE (p for trend= 0.043), whereas no differences were found for HDL and TC-HDL values. Smokers were not characterized by lower MMSE (26.0±3.4 vs 26.2±3.3). By multiple regression analysis neither DBP (B=0.002; 95%CI= -0.013 - 0.018; p= 0.765) and TC (B= -0.001; 95%CI= -0.005 - 0.003; p= 0.770) resulted associated to MMSE variability. Effect of DBP and TC on MMSE appeared to be entirely attributable to the age effect. MMSE variability was explained only by age, educational level and area of residence.

Conclusions: The direction of the association between CVRF and cognitive function remains vague. Future longitudinal studies describing changes in CVRF throughout life in the general population are deemed necessary to disentangle the predictive contributions of age and cardiovascular risk factors on cognitive function.
US researchers guilty of breaking safety rules
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has found researchers from Johns Hopkins University guilty of violating safety procedures in an asthma study that resulted in the death of a healthy volunteer.

The FDA's investigation was launched last month after Ellen Roche, a previously healthy 24 year old, died while participating in the experiment ( BMJ 2001;322:1565). The federally financed study was designed to induce asthmatic reactions in people without asthma in order to study the possible protective physiological mechanisms of deep breathing on normal lungs.

The researchers, led by Dr Alkis Togias, an associate professor and clinical immunologist at the Johns …
Abstract 86: The Impact of Hands-OnlyTM CPR by Bystanders on Survival in Adult Victims of Out-of-Hospital Arrest Caused by Non-Cardiac Etiologies
Authors: Ashish R Panchal, Uwe Stolz, Daniel W Spaite, Arthur B Sanders, Karl B Kern, Gordon A Ewy, Bentley Bobrow
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: The use of bystander CPR has demonstrated improved survival in patients with sudden, out of hospital cardiac arrest. Hands-Only™ (chest compression only) CPR is now endorsed by the AH...
Accurate measurement of dose and patience are important
Authors: P. Williamson, R. Slack
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The intracellular signaling mediator TRAF6 is critical for Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated activation of dendritic cells (DCs). Recently we have reported that TRAF6 in DCs is important to maintenance of intestinal immune tolerance through balanced induction of regulatory T cells versus Th2 immunity. In addition, we found a clue that loss of TRAF6ΔDC mucosal tolerance requires the presence of commensal microbiota in a manner that appears independent of the Myd88 pathway. However, which environmental factors induce abnormal Th2 immunity and disease phenotype in TRAF6ΔDC mice remains unclear. Here we suggest that spontaneous gut inflammation occurred in TRAF6ΔDC mice is strongly associated to dietary antigens as well as microbiota.
Abstract 616: Transcription-regulating kinases CDK8 and CDK19 as novel therapeutic targets for advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Mengqian Chen, Vimala Kaza, Jiaxin Liang, Martina McDermott, Igor Roninson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Most of castration-refractory prostate cancers (CRPC) continue to express androgen receptor (AR) that maintains its activity at low levels or even in the absence of androgen, driving tumor cell proliferation. Androgen-depleting drugs and androgen antagonists have little or no effect against AR+ cancers that are fully androgen-independent (AI). On the other hand, experimental compounds that cause AR degradation prevent AR-mediated repression of tumor-promoting genes, a tumor-suppressive effect of AR. We report a novel druggable target for CRPC, which mediates the induction but not the repression of gene expression by AR and inhibits the growth of AI prostate cancer (PCa) cells. This target is two closely related transcription-regulating kinases CDK8/CDK19 that unlike some other members of the CDK family are not required for cell cycle progression but play critical roles in several transcriptional signaling pathways. CDK8 and CDK19 are highly expressed in AR+ PCa cells and elevated under the conditions of androgen deprivation; CDK19 is overexpressed in AR+ PCa cell lines and in metastatic clinical PCa. A novel selective CDK8/19 kinase inhibitor (Senexin B) blocks ligand-induced AR-mediated transcriptional activation in androgen-dependent (AD) PCa cells but does not affect the AR-mediated gene repression. The CDK8/19 inhibitor also inhibits ligand-independent AR activation and AI cell growth in AI-PCa cells resistant to the anti-androgenic drug enzalutamide, both in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model. We have also discovered that CDK8/19 inhibition decreases NFκB mediated transcriptional activation of a group of tumor-promoting chemokines, such as CXCL1, CXCL2 and IL8, suggesting that CDK8/19 may promote prostate cancer chemoresistance and metastasis through the NFκB pathway. The above results suggest that CDK8/19 is an especially attractive therapeutic target for advanced PCa, which controls both AR-driven cell proliferation and other oncogenic pathways. Citation Format: Mengqian Chen, Vimala Kaza, Jiaxin Liang, Martina McDermott, Igor Roninson. Transcription-regulating kinases CDK8 and CDK19 as novel therapeutic targets for advanced prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 616. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-616
Abstract 83: High Incidence of Chest Compression Oscillations Associated With Capnography During Out-of-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Ahamed H Idris, Mohamud Daya, Pamela Owens, Sandra O'Neill, Eric D Helfenbein, Saeed Babaeizadeh, Sophia H Zhou
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Capnography is commonly used to guide ventilation in out-of-hospital (OOH) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Advantages of continuous capnography include verification of airway placement, prevention of hyper- or hypoventilation, and identification of airway dislodgement. Chest compressions sometimes produce high frequency waveforms that are superimposed on the much lower frequency respiratory capnogram waveform, but this has not been studied systematically. Chest compression oscillations may be caused by gas moving in and out of the airway during compression/decompression phases of CPR. A few studies reported that chest compressions produce tidal volumes that are less than physiological dead space. Objective: To assess the proportion of capnograms with chest compression oscillations recorded during OOH CPR. Methods: We collected electronic recordings made with the Philips HeartSmart MRx monitor-defibrillator during OOH CPR in 210 patients with sudden cardiac arrest (CA) from 2008 to 2010 in...
Bile acids reach out to the spinal cord: New insights to the pathogenesis of itch and analgesia in cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Paul A. Dawson, Saul J. Karpen
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Patients with cholestatic disease exhibit pruritus and analgesia, but the mechanisms underlying these symptoms are unknown. We report that bile acids, which are elevated in the circulation and tissues during cholestasis, cause itch and analgesia by activating the GPCR TGR5. TGR5 was detected in peptidergic neurons of mouse dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord that transmit itch and pain, and in dermal macrophages that contain opioids. Bile acids and a TGR5-selective agonist induced hyperexcitability of dorsal root ganglia neurons and stimulated the release of the itch and analgesia transmitters gastrin-releasing peptide and leucine-enkephalin. Intradermal injection of bile acids and a TGR5-selective agonist stimulated scratching behavior by gastrin-releasing peptide- and opioid-dependent mechanisms in mice. Scratching was attenuated in Tgr5-KO mice but exacerbated in Tgr5-Tg mice (overexpressing mouse TGR5), which exhibited spontaneous pruritus. Intraplantar and intrathecal injection of bile acids caused analgesia to mechanical stimulation of the paw by an opioid-dependent mechanism. Both peripheral and central mechanisms of analgesia were absent from Tgr5-KO mice. Thus, bile acids activate TGR5 on sensory nerves, stimulating the release of neuropeptides in the spinal cord that transmit itch and analgesia. These mechanisms could contribute to pruritus and painless jaundice that occur during cholestatic liver diseases.