tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Remarks ON THE TREATMENT OF INFECTED, ESPECIALLY WAR, WOUNDS
Authors: R. Morison
Journal: BMJ (1917)

Ir aniy onie lhad told me two years ago that it woould be possible to treat large inifected wounds in suclh anlannier that they requiredno special drainage, tllat they could be safely closed by sutures at any period of their pro(gress, and tllat tlle dressings used for them couldbe left.un- changed for from one to six weeks,--witlh a knlowledge that healing vas making steady progress, I could niot lhave believed it.There cannot now,lhowever, be any doubt of all of these statements, because eaclh onielhas been proved in hundreds of instances, not only by my cases but bythose of otlhers.These resuilts lhave been achieved, firstly, by tlorougl cleaning of the wound and its surrouLndings,-anid then tlh6 use of antiseptics.The antiseptics are 1 in 20 garbolic loEion for the slkin, cleaning with alcohol and tlle use of an antiseptic paste for tlle wound.
EFFECTIVENESS OF HOSPITAL TISSUE COMMITTEE IN RAISING SURGICAL STANDARDS
Authors: Henry V. Weinert
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Almost every hospital with an active surgical service has a tissue committee or a surgical control committee. In some institutions, such a committee exists in name only; in others, it is convened by the administrator or chief of surgery only when a flagrantly mishandled case requires review. In this hospital, which has a capacity of 240 beds, the tissue committee has, on the contrary, been an actively functioning group for three years. Since the results have been so gratifying, it is possible that other general hospital surgical services may benefit from a report of this experience. In an attempt to raise surgical standards, it was decided to review and document the surgery performed. In this way, detailed reports would be available for inspection teams of the American Medical Association and the American College of Surgeons. The information thus procured could also serve as a factual basis on which to recommend
Chronic Autophagy Is a Cellular Adaptation to Tumor Acidic pH Microenvironments
Authors: Jonathan W. Wojtkowiak, Jennifer M. Rothberg, Virendra Kumar, Karla J. Schramm, Edward Haller, Joshua B. Proemsey, Mark C. Lloyd, Bonnie F. Sloane, Robert J. Gillies
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Tumor cell survival relies upon adaptation to the acidic conditions of the tumor microenvironment. To investigate potential acidosis survival mechanisms, we examined the effect of low pH (6.7) on human breast carcinoma cells. Acute low pH exposure reduced proliferation rate, induced a G1 cell cycle arrest, and increased cytoplasmic vacuolization. Gene expression analysis revealed elevated levels of ATG5 and BNIP3 in acid-conditioned cells, suggesting cells exposed to low pH may utilize autophagy as a survival mechanism. In support of this hypothesis, we found that acute low pH stimulated autophagy as defined by an increase in LC3-positive punctate vesicles, double-membrane vacuoles, and decreased phosphorylation of AKT and ribosomal protein S6. Notably, cells exposed to low pH for approximately 3 months restored their proliferative capacity while maintaining the cytoplasmic vacuolated phenotype. Although autophagy is typically transient, elevated autophagy markers were maintained chronically in low pH conditioned cells as visualized by increased protein expression of LC3-II and double-membrane vacuoles. Furthermore, these cells exhibited elevated sensitivity to PI3K-class III inhibition by 3-methyladenine. In mouse tumors, LC3 expression was reduced by systemic treatment with sodium bicarbonate, which raises intratumoral pH. Taken together, these results argue that acidic conditions in the tumor microenvironment promote autophagy, and that chronic autophagy occurs as a survival adaptation in this setting.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Pre–Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Authors: P. A. Gottlieb, G. S. Eisenbarth
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1998)

The development of genetic and serological markers of autoimmune Type I diabetes has allowed us to begin to identify subjects at risk for the development of Type I diabetes. Assessment of these variables can assign risk to subjects and permit the implementation of immune intervention trials in an attempt to alter the course of pre-diabetes. This review discusses relevant aspects of the genetics and diagnosis of pre-diabetes, and both current and future clinical trials that are attempting to prevent the full expression of clinical diabetes in these individuals.
Effect of orally active prostacyclin analogue on survival of outpatients with primary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Noritoshi Nagaya, Masaaki Uematsu, Yoshiaki Okano, Toru Satoh, Shingo Kyotani, Fumio Sakamaki, Norifumi Nakanishi, Kunio Miyatake, Takeyoshi Kunieda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Crisis in Communication: The Functions and Future of Medical Journals
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Today most physicians subscribe to the opinion that too much is being published too often in too many journals. Our abstract conviction of the existence of a publication explosion is strengthened by the concrete fact that we cannot keep up to date in subjects which interest us. Sir Theodore Fox, in his unofficial valedictory as editor of theLancet, makes a thoughtful, witty assessment of this crisis in communication, and advocates a plan to resolve the crisis.  Fox defines two basic functions of medical journals: one, to record the minutiae of scientific data; the other to interpret recent research and synthesize it with the findings of other sciences. Most journals today combine, in varying proportions, both functions. In the future, Fox contends, communications intended for the record, particularly those containing the data of basic science, should not be published at all. Instead, abstracts should be circulated or published and the
Indications for and Results of Operation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: P F Schofield, J M Manson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1986)

Of 363 patients with inflammatory bowel disease presenting between 1972 and 1983, 166 required definitive operation. A classification by histological type distinguishes Crohn's disease (CD) from ulcerative colitis (UC) and indeterminate inflammatory bowel disease. CD is divided into predominantly ileal disease (81), total or subtotal colonic disease (74) and distal disease (22), whilst UC is classified into colonic (95) or distal disease (63). Most patients with ileal disease required operation for chronic persistent symptoms. In patients with total colonic involvement a greater proportion of patients with CD than those with UC came to surgery. Very few patients with distal disease required surgery. After resection for ileal disease there was a low incidence of anastomotic leakage (3%) and no operative mortality. There was an overall operative mortality of 8% after colonic resection. This was much lower in the non-urgent cases but rose to 12% in urgent cases.
Non-payment of Bills.
Authors: Maurice F. Doty
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, Nov. 19, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As the last of the month approaches I size up accounts and am impressed with the fact that the doctor is the first man called and the last man paid. Patients get sick without due financial preparation and consequently the doctor must trust or drop the case, a thing which few doctors are hard hearted enough to do. After recovery the patient soon forgets how sick he was, thinks the doctor did not help much anyway, must have charged for visits made to some other party, etc., and feels as though the bill was too big anyway. Paying an old doctor's bill seems to him like paying for a dead horse. The facts that people usually can not pay at once, and the doctor's kindness, have established the custom of paying doctor's bills whenever the patient gets "a good ready." I would like
False-Positive MIBG Scans With Normal Computed Tomography Imaging in Patients With High-Risk Neuroblastoma
Authors: Keshan Satharasinghe, Toby N. Trahair, Draga Barbaric, Tracey A. O'Brien, Susan J. Russell, Richard J. Cohn, Glenn M. Marshall, David S. Ziegler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)
Intravenous infusion of L-isomers of phenylalanine and tryptophan stimulate gastric acid secretion at physiologic plasma concentrations in normal subjects and after parietal cell vagotomy.
Authors: K E McArthur, J I Isenberg, D L Hogan, S J Dreier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

To determine whether intravenous infusion of individual amino acids stimulated gastric acid secretion in man, graded doses of phenylalanine, tryptophan, glycine, alanine, histidine, and NaCl control were infused on separate days in nine healthy subjects. Intravenous infusion of phenylalanine and tryptophan significantly stimulated gastric acid secretion to 50 and 52%, respectively, of the acid secretory response to intragastric peptone. Intravenous alanine and histidine were without effect, whereas glycine produced a slight response. Serum gastrin concentrations did not significantly change during intravenous amino acid infusion, except in response to 0.1 M phenylalanine. However, the increase in serum gastrin occurred 2 h after acid secretion had significantly increased in response to the 0.025 M phenylalanine infusion. Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured during intravenous amino acid infusion and in response to a steak meal in five of the subjects. At a time when acid secretion was significantly increased during intravenous infusion of phenylalanine and tryptophan, plasma amino acids were similar to, or less than, that observed after the steak meal, suggesting that circulating levels of these three amino acids have a physiologic effect on gastric secretion in man. Intravenous infusion of a combination of graded doses of phenylalanine plus a continuous infusion of 0.01 M tryptophan shifted the dose-response curve to the left and resulted in a significantly greater response than to either amino acid alone. In five subjects with parietal cell vagotomy, intravenous phenylalanine and tryptophan stimulated acid secretion, whereas histidine was without effect, similar to normal subjects. These studies indicate that intravenous infusion of small amounts of phenylalanine (0.025 M, 3.1 mmol/h) and tryptophan (0.01 M, 1.25 mmol/h) stimulated gastric acid secretion at plasma concentrations similar to those observed after a steak meal, suggesting a physiologic role for circulating levels of these amino acids on gastric acid secretion. Because acid secretion increased at a time when serum gastrin was unchanged and since there was no correlation between changes in serum gastrin and acid secretion, the responses to phenylalanine and tryptophan are probably mediated by a nongastrin-related mechanism(s). Since both phenylalanine and tryptophan stimulated secretion in vagotomized subjects, the response is vagally independent. These observations suggest that circulating levels of these two amino acids have either a direct or indirect effect on or near the human parietal cell.
Vascular responses to leukocyte products in atherosclerotic primates.
Authors: J A Lopez, M L Armstrong, D G Harrison, D J Piegors, D D Heistad
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Little is known about the possible role of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of vasospasm. We hypothesized that vasoactive products released by leukocytes might produce constriction of atherosclerotic arteries. To test this hypothesis, we infused fmet-leu-phe (fMLP), a peptide that activates leukocytes to release their vasoactive products, into the perfused hind limb of normal and atherosclerotic cynomolgus monkeys. Infusion of fMLP did not change resistance of large arteries in normal monkeys. In contrast, fMLP produced pronounced constriction of large arteries in atherosclerotic monkeys. To determine whether leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which are released by leukocytes, may contribute to leukocyte-induced vasoconstriction in atherosclerotic monkeys, we injected leukotriene D4, platelet-activating factor, and PGE2 intra-arterially into the perfused hind limb. Leukotriene D4 and platelet-activating factor had minimal effects on large arteries in both normal and atherosclerotic monkeys. PGE2 produced marked constriction of large arteries in atherosclerotic, but not normal, monkeys. Thus, pronounced constriction in atherosclerotic, but not normal, arteries during infusion of fMLP suggests that products released by leukocytes may mediate vasoconstriction in atherosclerotic vessels. Vasoconstrictor responses to PGE2 are profoundly potentiated by atherosclerosis, which suggests that PGE2 may contribute to leukocyte-induced vasoconstriction.
Achilles Tendon Rupture Owing to Rheumatoid Disease
Authors: Michael R. Rask
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Rheumatoid disease as a cause for achilles tendon rupture has been inferred but never reported to my knowledge. A patient with confirmed achilles tendon rupture from rheumatoid disease has been free from disease for nine years following tenoplasty and synoviobursectomy of the achilles tendon.
High-dose melphalan and stem cell transplantation for patients with AL amyloidosis: trends in treatment-related mortality over the past 17 years at a single referral center
Authors: Stephanie B. Tsai, David C. Seldin, Karen Quillen, John L. Berk, Frederick L. Ruberg, Hans Meier-Ewert, J. Mark Sloan, Gheorghe Doros, Kathleen T. Finn, Martha Skinner, Vaishali Sanchorawala
Journal: Blood (2012)
BACTERIOPHAGE ISOLATED FROM THE COMMON HOUSE FLY (MUSCA DOMESTICA)
Authors: Richard E. Shope
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. Bacteriophage active against four species of bacteria was found in a salt solution extract of house flies. 2. A growth-inhibiting principle, not bacteriophage, active against four other species of bacteria was found to be present in the same extract. 3. An attempt to secure streptococcus bacteriophage by feeding to flies a streptococcus susceptible to the inhibitor but not to the bacteriophage of this filtrate was unsuccessful, indicating that the two activities are quite unrelated.
Surgical vs Behavioral Therapy for Weight Loss in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rena R. Wing
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Decreased methionine sulphoxide reductase A expression renders melanocytes more sensitive to oxidative stress: a possible cause for melanocyte loss in vitiligo
Authors: Z. Zhou, C.Y. Li, K. Li, T. Wang, B. Zhang, T.W. Gao
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Methionine is one of the major targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is readily oxidized to methionine-S-sulphoxide and methionine-R-sulphoxide, which can be reduced by methionine sulphoxide reductase (MSR) A and B, respectively. MSR represents a unique repair mechanism in the skin antioxidant network. It functions both as a protein repairer and as a ROS scavenger. However, the expression and activity of MSR are significantly reduced in vitiligo.To investigate whether the decreased expression of MSRA is one of the reasons why melanocytes are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress in vitiligo. Methods We downregulated MSRA expression in immortalized human epidermal melanocyte cell line PIG1 by using the short interfering RNA (siRNA)-targeted gene silencing method. We checked the changes in MSRA transcript and protein level by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Then we monitored the viability of MSRA-silenced melanocytes under oxidative stress. All statistical analysis was performed by unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test.The siRNA specific for MSRA successfully suppressed MSRA expression in melanocytes. The lower MSRA expression in melanocytes led to an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress, resulting in more cell death. Furthermore, a remarkable loss of viable cells was found in MSRA-silenced melanocytes even in the absence of exogenously added oxidative stress.MSRA is crucial for melanocytes to fight against oxidative stress in vitiligo. In addition, it is also important for normal cell survival. Any means to enhance MSRA appears to have therapeutic potential for the treatment of vitiligo.
Fibreoptic bronchoscopy and diagnosis of pulmonary lesions in lymphoma and leukaemia.
Authors: M J Phillips, R K Knight, M Green
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Fifty-six fibreoptic bronchoscopies were performed on 42 patents with Hodgkin9s disease, lymphoma, or leukaemia and pulmonary complications which did not respond to conventional antibiotics. All these patients had received chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both for the treatment of their underlying conditions. Twenty-two bronchoscopic procedures were complicated by thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, requiring platelet transfusion before bronchoscopy, and many patients were hypoxaemic. Visual examination of the tracheobronchial tree, alveolar lavage, bronchial brushing, and transbronchial biopsy were carried out as approximate. Three patients had minor pulmonary haemorrhage, and three developed a pneumothorax after transbronchial biopsy. A specific diagnosis was obtained in 14 of 18 patients (78%) with diffuse chest radiographic abnormalities, in seven of 11 patients (64%) with lobar or segmental (focal) abnormalities, in two of eight patients with small (local) lesions, and in three of five patients with hilar abnormalities. In only three patients were infections diagnosed. It is concluded that fibreoptic bronchoscopy is a useful and safe diagnostic procedure in this situation but its value depends upon the type of radiological abnormality.
Nef stimulates proliferation of glomerular podocytes through activation of Src-dependent Stat3 and MAPK1,2 pathways
Authors: John Cijiang He, Mohammad Husain, Masaaki Sunamoto, Vivette D. D’Agati, Mary E. Klotman, Ravi Iyengar, Paul E. Klotman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

In collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), podocytes exhibit a high proliferation rate and loss of differentiation markers. We have found previously that the nef gene of HIV-1 is responsible for these changes. Here, we investigated the signaling pathways induced by Nef and its role in the pathogenesis of HIVAN. Using conditionally immortalized podocytes after differentiation, we found that infection of podocytes with nef increased Src kinase activity and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) phosphorylation and activated the Ras–c-Raf–MAPK1,2 pathway. A dominant negative mutant of Src abolished the Nef effect, whereas inhibition of MAPK1,2 or dominant negative Stat3 reduced Nef effects partially. Reducing the expression of Nef with small interference RNA reversed the Nef effect. Mutation of Nef in the PxxP or R105R106 motifs diminished Nef signaling and the phenotypic changes in podocytes. Both phospho-MAPK1,2 and phospho-Stat3 staining increased in podocytes of kidneys from HIV-1 transgenic mice compared with their littermates and in podocytes of kidneys from HIVAN patients compared with HIV patients with non-HIVAN kidney diseases or non-HIV patients with idiopathic FSGS, classic FSGS, or minimal-change disease. These data suggest that Nef-induced activation of Stat3 and Ras-MAPK1,2 via Src-dependent pathways is responsible for podocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation, a characteristic finding in collapsing FSGS of HIVAN.
SUSPENDED RESPIRATION DURING OPERATION
Authors: JERE L. CROOK
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The patient, a negro boy, aged 19, while walking over a trestle near Ripley, Tenn., fell about 30 feet, striking the back of his head on an iron drawhead. A temporary dressing, which checked the hemorrhage from the scalp, was applied by a neighboring physician, and the boy was brought to my sanatorium in Jackson fifty-four hours after the occurrence of the accident. The patient was delirious and semiconscious on arrival. Operation was begun shortly afterward under ether anesthesia, After thorough exposure of the occipital region of the skull, an extensive depressed fracture was revealed, involving portions of the parietal and occipital bones. A trephine opening was quickly made and elevation of the depressed area was accomplished with difficulty, the ether cone meanwhile having been laid aside. Just as the last portion of the depressed bone was pried up, the patient's breathing stopped instantly. His tongue was seized with forceps,
Reducing Tobacco Consumption in California: Proposition 99 Seems to Work
Authors: John P. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.—  In 1988, California voters passed Proposition 99, which mandated a 25-cent increase in the state excise tax on each pack of cigarettes, with part of the proceeds to be spent on reducing tobacco usage in the state. Assembly Bill 75, the enabling legislation for the proposition, allocated 16.5% ($294 million) to be spent on antitobacco health education activities until the end of 1991. 1   The California antismoking campaign reflects a comprehensive tobacco control strategy, including interventions known to reduce tobacco use. 2,3 Included are a relatively large increase in the real price of cigarettes, a paid mass media—led antismoking campaign, health education programs in schools, and smoking cessation programs. To assess the early impact of this campaign, we used unweighted observations on California from the National Health Interview Surveys from 1974 through 1987. Nine separate national surveys over this period included 27 731 Californians older than 20
Differential effect of fenofibrate and atorvastatin on in vivo kinetics of apolipoproteins B-100 and B-48 in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus with marked hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Jean-Charles Hogue, Benoît Lamarche, Yves Deshaies, André J. Tremblay, Jean Bergeron, Claude Gagné, Patrick Couture
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
Hyperuricaemia and gout: time for a new staging system?
Authors: Nicola Dalbeth, Lisa Stamp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

The current widely used clinical staging system for hyperuricaemia and gout describes the symptomatology of gout, but does not capture key aspects of the pathological basis of the disease. We propose a new clinical staging system. Stage A: hyperuricaemia, but without evidence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition or symptoms of gout. Stage B: MSU crystal deposition by microscopy or advanced imaging, but without signs or symptoms of gout. Stage C: MSU crystal deposition with prior or current symptoms of acute gout flares. Stage D: advanced gout requiring specialist interventions. This proposed new staging system provides a clear focus on gout as a chronic disease of MSU crystal deposition, and provides a rational framework to test the role of screening and treatment of asymptomatic disease.