tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests.
Authors: Norbert W. Tietz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

General Clinical Tests. Amino Acids. Blood Bank. Carbohydrates. Complement Factors. Electrolytes. Endocrinology. Enzymology. Erythrocyte Enzymes. Hematology. Hemostasis. Hepatitis Testing. Immunology. Interferences. Internationally Recommended Units. Laboratory Values During Pregnancy. Lipids. Renal Function. Pancreatic and Gastric Function. Porphyrins. Proteins. Toxicology. Trace Metals. Tumor Markers. Urine Screening Tests. Vitamins. Molecular Pathology. Therapeutic Drugs. Microbiology.
Aortic Valve Replacement and Concomitant Mitral Valve Regurgitation in the Elderly
Authors: Christopher J. Barreiro, Nishant D. Patel, Torin P. Fitton, Jason A. Williams, Pramod N. Bonde, Vincent Chan, Diane E. Alejo, Vincent L. Gott, William A. Baumgartner
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— The impact of mitral regurgitation (MR) on elderly patients (≥70 years) undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) is not clearly defined. This study investigates the long-term effects of preoperative, moderate MR on survival and functional outcome in elderly AVR patients. Methods and Results— A retrospective review identified 408 consecutive elderly patients who underwent isolated AVR from January 1983 to February 2004. The pathologic etiology of MR was determined on preoperative echocardiogram, and patients were stratified into no/mild MR (Group I; n =338) versus moderate MR (Group II; n =70). Follow-up was 95.1% complete. Functional outcome was evaluated using the Short Form-12 questionnaire. On univariate analysis, Groups I and II differed in incidence of previous myocardial infarction (13.9% versus 28.6%; P =0.004), hyperlipidemia (18.7% versus 33.3%; P =0.009), and congestive heart failure (50.0% versus 70.0%; P =0.002). On multivariate analysis, moderate MR was an independent risk factor impacting long-term survival ( P =0.04). Actuarial survival at 1, 5, and 10 years for Group I was 93.8%, 73.3%, and 40.1% versus 92.3%, 58.2%, and 14.6% for Group II ( P =0.04). Available postoperative echocardiograms for Group II (n =37) demonstrated improvement in MR in 81.8% of functional MR patients. However, MR persisted or worsened in 65.4% of patients with intrinsic mitral valve disease (myxomatous, calcific, or ischemic MR). Functional outcomes showed 77% of Group I versus 78.6% of Group II rated their health as good to excellent post-AVR. Conclusions— Moderate MR is an independent risk factor impacting long-term survival in elderly patients undergoing AVR. Therefore, patients with intrinsic mitral valve disease should be considered for concomitant MV surgery.
Abstract 9739: MicroRNA26 Regulation of TRPC3 Subunits Underlies Profibrillatory Fibroblast Activation in a Canine Atrial Fibrillation Model
Authors: Masahide Harada, Xiaobin Luo, Xiao Yan Qi, Jiening Xiao, Yanfen Shi, Jean-Claude Tardif, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Cardiac fibroblast (FB) proliferation and differentiation into extracellular matrix (ECM) secreting myofibroblasts contributes to AF-promoting fibrotic remodeling. We previously observed that Ca 2+ entry through transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) channels regulates cardiac FB proliferation/differentiation. Here, we examined the potential involvement of TRPC3 in a canine AF model. Methods: Dogs kept continuously in AF for 1 week by pacing at 600 bpm (n=11) were compared to controls (CTL, n=11). Echocardiographic, hemodynamic and electrophysiological properties were studied in vivo. Left atrial (LA) FBs were isolated for nonselective cation current ( I NSC ) recording (patch clamp), cell cycle analysis (flow cytometry), protein (immunoblot) and mRNA (qPCR) expression. Results: AF increased LA diastolic area by 13%* (*p&lt;0.05 vs CTL) and LA pressure by 150%* without LV dilation. AF also shortened atrial refractory periods from 98±4 to 79±5 ms* (BCL 150 ms) and prolonged spontaneously maintained AF duration from 26±8 to 937±209 s*. In freshly isolated FBs, I NSC sensitive to a TRPC3 selective blocker, pyrazole3 (Pyr3, 3 μ M) increased in AF by 89%*, indicating increased TRPC3 current. In freshly cultured FBs, the cell number increase-rate, the G2/M cell content (an index of cell division) and α-smooth muscle actin protein expression increased in AF by 185*, 33* and 154* % respectively, indicating increased proliferation and differentiation; in vitro treatment with Pyr3 (3 μ M) decreased these profibrotic indices by 78%*, 12%* and 74%* vs vehicle respectively. In fresh FBs, collagen-1 and -3 gene expression increased in AF by 1210%* and 750%* respectively, indicating increased ECM production. TRPC3 protein expression in fresh FBs increased in AF by 64%*; however, TRPC3 mRNA decreased by 44%*, suggesting epigenetic regulation by microRNA (miR). AF reduced FB expression of miR-26a, predicted to target and suppress TRPC3 translation, by 65%*. In vitro miR-26a knockdown upregulated TRPC3 protein by 54%*, mimicking AF effects. Conclusions: AF increases FB proliferation, differentiation and ECM gene expression by increasing TRPC3 subunit expression and current, likely by downregulating the TRPC3-targeting microRNA miR-26.
Abstract 5787: Macrophage Infiltration and Apoptosis can be Imaged Utilizing <sup>18</sup> F-fdg and <sup>99m</sup> Tc-annexin A5: Potential Indicators of Plaque Vulnerability
Authors: Yan Zhao, Yuji Kuge, Songji Zhao, H. W Strauss, Francis G Blankenberg, Nagara Tamaki
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Objectives: Vulnerability of atheroma is associated with activated macrophage infiltration and apoptosis of foam cells. Activated macrophages have a high metabolic rate, and utilize exogenous glucose as their energy source. The oxidized lipid content of foam cells, is toxic and often results in apoptosis of these cells. Nuclear imaging provides at least two potential indicators to identify vulnerable plaques: 18 F-FDG as a marker of macrophage metabolism and 99m Tc-annexin A5 ( 99m Tc-AN5) as a marker of apoptosis. This study compared the macrophage infiltration and lesion histology to the uptake of each tracer in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice. Methods: Male apoE−/− mice (n=4 –5/group) were maintained on a high-fat diet after the age of 5 wks. At the age of 25 and 35 wks, 14 C-FDG and 99m Tc-AN5 were administered and aortas were harvested. Dual-tracer autoradiography, Movat pentachrome staining and Mac-2 staining were performed on serial cryostat sections (n=5– 6/mouse). Regional tracer uptake levels (ID%×kg/mm 2 ) were evaluated in relation to the morphological lesion characteristics (AHA lesion phenotypes) and degree of macrophage infiltration (Mac-2 positive areas). Results: Plaque size and intimal thickness were increased with lesion progression. Macrophage infiltration was increased from early (type I-II) to atheromatous lesions (type III-IV) but decreased in fibroatheromatous lesions (type V). 99m Tc-AN5 showed higher uptake levels in atheromatous lesions (0.49±0.20 %IDxkg/mm 2 ) than early (0.40±0.17) or fibroatheromatous (0.30±0.13) lesions, being concordant with macrophage infiltration. 14 C-FDG uptake was also the highest in atheromatous lesions (3.1±1.5 in atheromatous, 2.8±1.5 in early, and 2.3±1.4 in fibroatheromatous lesions). The uptakes of both 99m Tc-AN5 (r=0.65, p&lt;0.01) and 14 C-FDG (r=0.44, p&lt;0.001) were positively correlated with the degrees of macrophage infiltration. Conclusion: Each tracer showed a higher uptake in atheromatous lesions (AHA type III-IV) than other more stable lesions, directly corresponding to the degree of macrophage infiltration. Unstable plaques can be imaged utilizing 18 F-FDG and 99m Tc-annexin A5, due to the presence of metabolically active and apoptotic macrophages.
Tonic Hardening of the Colon.
Authors: J Beattie
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of epigallocatechin gallate, vitamin C and vitamin E on the formation of 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine derived from lipid peroxidation
Authors: Raghu Nath, Mona Wu, Armaghan Emami, Fung-Lung Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

3134  α, β-Unsaturated aldehydes (enals) released from oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can modify deoxyguanosine (dG) forming 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts. The 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts of acrolein (Acr), crotonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal have been detected in tissues of rodents and humans as background DNA lesions. In this study, we examined the effects of antioxidants known to inhibit the fatty acid oxidation and/or scavenge electrophilic aldehydes on the formation of Acr-derived 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine (Acr-dG) from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) under oxidative conditions as a major source of Acr. To compare with Acr-dG, we also measured 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) as a marker of oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species. The antioxidants included in this study are epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), vitamin E and vitamin C. Acr-dG and 8-oxodG were generated by incubating DHA (5 mM) with 25 µM FeSO4 inthe presence of 15 mM dG (37oC, 16h). The levels of the modified dG were quantified by reverse phase HPLC with UV detection. Addition of EGCG (12.5-250 µM) to the incubation mixture resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease of Acr-dG and 8-oxodG. Interestingly, vitamin C at low concentrations (10 to 100 µM) did not affect the formation of Acr-dG, but at higher concentrations (250 to 800 µM) it caused a significant increase of Acr-dG. However, vitamin C had no significant effect on the 8-oxodG formation. Vitamin E at 12.5 and 25 µM decreased Acr-dG yields by 49 and 42%, while at 400 µM and 800 µM it increased Acr-dG formation by 52 and 136%, respectively. Incubation with 12.5 µM vitamin E led to a 34% decrease in 8-oxodG. However, higher concentrations of vitamin E (25-800 µM) did not further decrease 8-oxodG. To determine whether the inhibitory effect of EGCG on Acr-dG derived from DHA is solely due to its antioxidant property or its scavenging effect is also involved, we incubated 0.5 mM Acr and 0.5 mM dG with various concentrations of EGCG (10-500 µM). The results showed that EGCG effectively decreased the Acr-dG formation in a concentration-dependent manner. This suggests that the inhibitory effect of EGCG toward Acr-dG formation in the presence of DHA is likely in part due to its effect as scavenger of Acr. In a similar study, vitamin C also showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of Acr-dG formation by its scavenging effect. The differential effects of vitamin C (scavenging vs. antioxidant) is intriguing; it may indicate that species other than Acr from DHA or a different mechanism may be involved in the formation of Acr-dG. This study shows that EGCG is both a potent antioxidant and an effective enal-scavenger and that vitamins C and E can exhibit both antioxidant and prooxidant effects depending on the concentrations used. (Supported by NIH grant CA 043159).
Abstract 18963: Clinical Significance of Daytime Vs. Nighttime Cheyne-stokes Respiration in Systolic Heart Failure Patients: Findings From 24- Hour Polygraphic Recordings
Authors: Gianluca Mirizzi, Giovanni Iudice, Francesca Bramanti, Alberto Giannoni, Roberta Poletti, Alessandra Gabutti, Chiara Mammini, Valentina Raglianti, Claudio Passino, Michele Emdin
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Purpose: Cheyne Stokes respiration, that is periodic apnea/hyperpnea of central origin (CSR), has been separately described both during night (nCSR) and daytime (dCSR) in HF and associated with worse prognosis. The relationships between severity of nCSR and of dCSR have not yet been established. Methods: we enrolled 439 consecutive HF patients (aged 65±13 years, 76% males; NYHA class III-IV 33%, LVEF: 32±9%, mean±SD) on current guideline-directed therapy (96% betablockers, 94% ACE-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, 22% CRT). All patients underwent a 24hour cardiorespiratory polygraphic recording (nasal flow plus chest and abdomen respirograms) for detection of hypo/apnea phenomenon, clinical and neurohormonal evaluation, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography and Holter monitoring. Results: four groups were identified according to severity of nCSR (AHI &lt;5, 17%; mild, 5 to 15, 24%; moderate, 15 to 30, 30%; severe, &gt;30, 29%) and dCSR (normal, apnea/hypopnea index, AHI &lt;5, 38%; mild, 5 to 15, 32%; moderate, 15 to 30, 29%; severe, &gt;30, 9%); nocturnal obstructive apnea prevalence (AHI &gt;5) was 10% (1% daytime). Notably, in patients with significant (AHI&gt;15) nCSR, dCSR had the highest prevalence (daytime AHI&gt;15, 71%, daytime AHI&gt;30, 26%). Both severe dCSR and nCSR were associated (p&lt;0.01) with age, male gender, NYHA class III-IV, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia at Holter monitoring, higher plasma NT-proBNP and norepinephrine, lower pVO2, ventilatory inefficiency as assessed by the slope of ventilation to carbon dioxide production, LV dilatation (assessed by end-systolic and diastolic diameters) and hypertrophy (assessed by LV indexed mass), right ventricular dimension. Severe dCSR, but not nCSR, was associated with lower LVEF, increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation and diabetes. Conclusions: significant dCSR is prevalent in HF, namely in patients with more severe nCSR (AHI&gt;15). Both dCSR and nCSR are associated with neurohormonal activation, greater left and right ventricular volumes, increased ventricular arrhythmic burden and lower functional capacity, while lower LVEF as well atrial fibrillation are associated with dCSR only. Risk stratification and therapeutic strategies should consider dCSR.
Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Predicts Prostate Cancer Outcome by Increasing the Metastatic Potential
Authors: Roberta R. Ruela-de-Sousa, Elmer Hoekstra, A. Marije Hoogland, Karla C. Souza Queiroz, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch, Andrew P. Stubbs, Karin Pelizzaro-Rocha, Geert J.L.H. van Leenders, Guido Jenster, Hiroshi Aoyama, Carmen V. Ferreira, Gwenny M. Fuhler
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Pheochromocytoma Associated with Hypercalcemia and Ectopic Secretion of Calcitonin
Authors: HUNTER HEATH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

A 17-year-old woman manifested fever, abdominal pain, headache, and hypertension caused by a solitary, benign pheochromocytoma. She also had hypercalcemia and elevated plasma immunoreactive calcitonin levels. After removal of the pheochromocytoma, calcium and calcitonin levels returned to normal. Studies of peripheral and tumor venous blood showed no excess or ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion, but the tumor contained and secreted calcitonin. Sporadic pheochromocytoma may secrete calcitonin and cause hypercalcemia by non-parathyroid hormone-mediated mechanisms. The potential is clearly present for confusion with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2 (medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperparathyroidism).
Neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR) ratio in infectious acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD)
Authors: Nikoletta Rovina, Efrossini Dima, Sofia Antiopi Gennimata, Sofia Vakali, Antonia Koutsoukou, Nikolaos Koulouris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR) ratio has been used as a marker of systemic inflammation in several inflammatory conditions. As infection is the main cause leading to acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), aim of this study was to investigate whether NLR could be used as a marker of AECOPD, and if it is correlated with other well established markers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalsitonin (PCT).  We examined 40 patients with COPD hospitalized for an infectious AECOPD according to Anthonisen9s criteria. Blood was taken on admission and after the treatment of AECOPD. NLR, CRP, and PCT were measured and compared between exacerbation state and after treatment.  Mean levels of NLR were 5.38±4.6 (mean±SD) on admission and 2.1±0.67 (p=0.003) after treatment. A cut-off value for NLR on admission of 2.7 (sensitivity 78.3%, specificity 85.7%) could predict the AECOPD, with receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve showing an area under curve (AUC) 0.87, p=0.004. NLR showed a good correlation with CRP and PCT only on admission for AECOPD (r=0.576, p=0.01, and r=0.635, p=0.036, respectively).  NLR showed a highly prognostic accuracy for infectious AECOPD. Since NLR is a widely available and cost-effective measurement it could be of value in clinical practice.
LATE TULAREMIC SEPTICEMIA: RECOVERY FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF SULFANILAMIDE COMPOUNDS
Authors: Lester M. May
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1941)

Case Reports1 August 1941LATE TULAREMIC SEPTICEMIA: RECOVERY FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF SULFANILAMIDE COMPOUNDSLESTER M. MAY, M.D.LESTER M. MAY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-15-2-320 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTularemia is an increasingly common disease, carrying with it, in severe cases, a definite mortality. Curtis1 has reported on the use of sulfanilamide in tularemia. The following case represents another and somewhat earlier usage of sulfanilamide compounds.2 The case is of further interest in that it displayed several unusual diagnostic features. The clinical course was rather more severe than in Curtis' case, while the recovery following specific drug therapy was quite as rapid and as definite.CASE REPORTM. M., a white male aged 21 years, was admitted to the Sinai Hospital December 9, 1936 in a semi-comatose state. He...References1. CURTIS WL: Sulfanilamide in the treatment of tularemia, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1939, cxiii, 294. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. FRANCIS E: in Brennemann, Practice of pediatrics, chapter 29. Google Scholar3. HITCHSMITH JMDC: Cutaneous manifestations of tularemia, Arch. Dermat. and Syph., 1938, xxxviii, 859-876. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. PERRET JM: Study of 69 cases of tularemia, New Orleans Med. and Surg. Jr., 1936, lxxxviii, 694-702. Google Scholar5. WOOLEY PG: The lesions in experimental infection with B. tularense , Jr. Infect. Dis., 1915, xvii, 510-513. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. FRANCIS E: Tularemia; microscopic changes of lesions in man, Arch. Path. and Lab. Med., 1927, iii, 577. Google Scholar7. GOODPASTUREHOUSE EWSJ: Pathological anatomy of tularemia in man, Am. Jr. Path., 1928, iv, 213-226. Google Scholar8. GUNDRYWARNER LPCJ: Fatal tularemia: review of autopsied cases, ANN. INT. MED., 1934, vii, 837-852. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: San Antonio, Texas*Received for publication April 23, 1940.From the Medical Service of Dr. Charles R. Austrian, Physician-in-Chief, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore.The drugs used in this case were Prontylin and Prontosil, supplied by the Winthrop Chemical Co., New York City. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1941Volume 15, Issue 2Page: 320-323KeywordsDrug therapyDrugsMedical servicesMortalitySepsisTularemia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1941 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract P133: Out-of-Hospital Sudden Cardiac Death Patients Who Undergo Cardiac Catheterization Demonstrate Improved Survival and Neurological Outcomes
Authors: Christopher Kim, Punit Parasher, Andrea Hall, Brian Gulbis, Tayyab Mohyuddin, Ramal Weragoda, Saurabh Sanon, Rhagavendri Moturi, Santiago Segurola, Stefano Sdringola, H. V Anderson, Richard W Smalling, Ali E Denktas
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major cause of mortality in the United States, and in-hospital mortality for successfully resuscitated patients remains high. Our hospital is a level one cardiovascular center in a major metropolitan area and receives the majority of SCD patients in the region. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether SCD patients who undergo cardiac catheterization demonstrated significantly improved survival or neurological outcomes. Methods: 205 consecutive SCD patients admitted to our hospital from 2004 –2007 were evaluated. Using Chi-squared univariate analyses, we compared patients that underwent cardiac catheterization versus those that did not. We also performed a subanalysis comparing patients that underwent cardiac catheterization within three hours of hospital arrival versus those that underwent cardiac catheterization after the initial three-hour period. Primary endpoints included survival and neurological outcome (using the previously validated CPC score). ...
Lesson of the week: Misleading electrocardiographic results in patient with hyperkalaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: P K Moulik
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Results of electrocardiography may mimic myocardial infarction in patients with severe metabolic disturbance 

Diabetic ketoacidosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with insulin dependent diabetes. Around 2%-8% of all hospital admissions of diabetic patients are for ketoacidosis, and the overall mortality ranges from 2% to 10%.1 Myocardial infarction is an uncommon but well recognised precipitating cause of diabetic ketoacidosis, accounting for 1% of cases. However, myocardial infarction and congestive cardiac failure account for 28% of deaths in diabetic ketoacidosis.2 Initial baseline investigations of such patients include electrocardiography to assess possible precipitating causes and the effect of metabolic derangement on cardiac electrophysiology and rhythm.

Iatrogenic hypokalaemia is a major and avoidable cause of death in diabetic ketoacidosis. However, many diabetic patients with ketoacidosis present initially with hyperkalaemia, which may affect the electrocardiographic morphology. We present a case of a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperkalaemia whose initial electrocardiogram showed a pseudoinfarction pattern.

A 42 year old man with diabetes presented to accident and emergency with intermittent vomiting for three days. Over the previous two days he had been feeling increasingly tired, lethargic, polyuric, and thirsty. As he was unable to keep any food or fluids down, he had omitted two insulin injections, including one on the morning of …
Reduced stability of retinoblastoma protein by gankyrin, an oncogenic ankyrin-repeat protein overexpressed in hepatomas
Authors: Hiroaki Higashitsuji, Katsuhiko Itoh, Toshikazu Nagao, Simon Dawson, Kohsuke Nonoguchi, Tsuneo Kido, R. John Mayer, Shigeki Arii, Jun Fujita
Journal: Nature Medicine (2000)