tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of cow milk allergy in Danish infants during the first 3 years of life
Authors: A. Høst, S. Halken
Journal: Allergy (1990)

A cohort of 1749 newborns from the municipality of Odense born during 1985 at the University Hospital were followed prospectively for the development of IgE‐mediated and non‐igE‐mediated cow milk allergy (CMA) during their first year. The diagnosis of CMA was based on the results of strict elimination/milk challenge procedures in a hospital setting, and continued clinical sensitivity to cow milk (CM) was assessed by rechallenging every 6–12 months until the age of3 years. Further, in infants with CMA, the Clinical course of adverse reactions to other foods and the development of allergy to inhalant allergens In 3 years were investigated. Of 117 (6.7 %) with symptoms suggestive of CMA, the diagnosis of CMA was proven m 39 infants (2.2%), 64% showed cutaneous symptoms. 59% gastrointestinal symptoms, and 33% had respiratory symptoms. 92% had two or more symptoms and 72 % symptoms from 2 organ systems. Based on a positive skin prick test ( 2 +) and/or AL‐RAST class 2 to CM 16 infants at the time of diagnosis, and at reinvestigation at 1 year, a further five infants giving a total of 21, were classified as having IgE‐mediated CMA, 19 infants showed “immediate reactions to CM (within 1 h after intake of 2.3 g milk protein) and 20 infants were “late reactors”, No significant correlation between IgE‐mediated CMA and “immediate reactions” to CM was demonstrated, The overall prognosis of CMA was good with a total recovery of 22/39 (56%) at 1 year. 30/39 (77%) at 2 years, and 34/39 (87%) at 3 years. Adverse reactions to other foods, particularly egg, citrus, tomato, developed in a total of 21/39 (54%) with the maximum point prevalence of 15/39 (38%) at 18 months, and 9/39 (23%) were still intolerant to other foods at 36 months. Inhalant allergy before 3 years developed in 11/39 (28%), particularly against dog and cat to which the infants had been exposed. Infants with CMA and early IgE, sensitization to CM had an increased risk of persisting CMA (24%) development of persistent adverse reactions to other foods (38%), particularly egg white (29%), and finally, inhalant allergy (48%) before 3 years of age.
Corticosteroids in liver disease: possible mechanisms of action, pharmacology, and rational use.
Authors: A R Tanner, L W Powell
Journal: Gut (1979)

Since the original publications by Hench and his colleagues on the use of cortisone and ACTH in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, corticosteroid drugs have assumed an important role in the therapy of a large number of diseases, including disease of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Although the precise mode of action of these agents is uncertain, there is increasing evidence that their beneficial effects result from actions on immunological and inflammatory processes. An understanding of such effects and of the clinical pharmacology of the corticosteroid drugs should lead to a more rational approach to therapy. This is particularly important in treating patients with liver disease who are prone to the unwanted effects of corticosteroid therapy and in whom the metabolism of these drugs may be altered. The aims of this paper are threefold: firstly, to outline the biochemical pharmacology of the corticosteroid drugs relevant to the clinical management of gastrointestinal and liver disease; secondly, to review current knowledge of the immunological and anti-inflammatory effects of these agents; and, thirdly, to discuss the use of prednisone and prednisolone in the management of a number of hepatic diseases. Although the basis of therapy of corticosteroids is probably similar in gastrointestinal and liver diseases, the indications for the use of corticosteroids in gastrointestinal disease are less clearly defined and are not discussed here.
Scientific evidence was ignored in CAM and the NHS
Authors: Peter H Canter, Edzard Ernst
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—We would like to correct an error in Thompson and Feder's description of the methodology of our systematic review of UK cost effectiveness studies of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).1 2 We did not search for randomised studies. We included all prospective, controlled studies of any CAM modality carried out in the UK. All five happened to be randomised.

That there were only five such studies restricted to spinal manipulation (four studies) and acupuncture (one) …
Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women and Men
Authors: Eric L. Ding, Yiqing Song, JoAnn E. Manson, David J. Hunter, Cathy C. Lee, Nader Rifai, Julie E. Buring, J. Michael Gaziano, Simin Liu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Circulating sex hormone–binding globulin levels are inversely associated with insulin resistance, but whether these levels can predict the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is uncertain.
THE RELATION OF THE SPLEEN TO BLOOD DESTRUCTION AND REGENERATION AND TO HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE
Authors: E. B. Krumbhaar, J. H. Musser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

1. The blood of the splenic artery and vein shows either no differences, or only such slight irregular variations as may be due to the errors inherent in hematologic methods, or are common to arterial and venous blood of the general circulation. 2. The observation of Banti and Furno that free hemoglobin occurs in the blood of the splenic vein is not confirmed. 3. Extracts of the spleen have no definite hemolytic action in vitro. 4. Intraperitoneal injection of fresh saline extracts of the spleen causes in the dog a sharp increase in the number of red cells and the hemoglobin content which lasts for one or two days and may recur on a second injection. Extracts of liver, kidney, and erythrocytes similarly prepared do not give this effect. This observation supports Danilewsky's theory that the spleen may exert a stimulating effect upon the formation of red cells in the bone marrow. 5. On the other hand, the feeding of raw beef spleen to splenectomized dogs over long periods of time has no clearly defined influence in preventing the anemia which usually follows splenectomy.
Probiotic Bacteria Reduce Salmonella Typhimurium Intestinal Colonization by Competing for Iron
Authors: Elisa Deriu, Janet Z. Liu, Milad Pezeshki, Robert A. Edwards, Roxanna J. Ochoa, Heidi Contreras, Stephen J. Libby, Ferric C. Fang, Manuela Raffatellu
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Conditioning for hematopoietic transplantation activates the complement cascade and induces a proteolytic environment in bone marrow: a novel role for bioactive lipids and soluble C5b-C9 as homing factors
Authors: C H Kim, W Wu, M Wysoczynski, A Abdel-Latif, M Sunkara, A Morris, M Kucia, J Ratajczak, M Z Ratajczak
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Rap1GAP Promotes Invasion via Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Secretion, Which Is Associated with Poor Survival in Low N-Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Raj S. Mitra, Mitsuo Goto, Julia S. Lee, Diana Maldonado, Jeremy M.G. Taylor, Quintin Pan, Thomas E. Carey, Carol R. Bradford, Mark E. Prince, Kitrina G. Cordell, Keith L. Kirkwood, Nisha J. D'Silva
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of Rap1GAP on invasion and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and MMP2 in this process. Rap1GAP functions by switching off Rap1, the Ras-like protein that has been associated with carcinogenesis. Previous findings suggest that Rap1GAP acts as a tumor suppressor protein in SCC by delaying the G1-S transition of the cell cycle. However, cells transfected with Rap1GAP exhibit a more invasive phenotype than corresponding vector-transfected control cells. MMP2 and MMP9 are enzymes that mediate SCC invasion via degradation of the extracellular matrix. Using SCC cells transfected with empty vector or Rap1GAP, cell invasion and MMP secretion were determined by Matrigel assays and gelatin zymography, respectively. Rap1GAP up-regulated transcription and secretion of MMP2 and MMP9, as assayed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and zymography. Furthermore, chemical and RNA interference blockade of MMP2/MMP9 inhibited invasion by Rap1GAP-transfected cells. Immunohistochemical staining of a human oropharyngeal SCC tissue microarray showed that Rap1GAP and MMP9 expression and staining intensity are correlated (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and that, in early N-stage lesions of SCC, high MMP9 is prognostic of poor disease-specific survival (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, Rap1GAP staining is correlated with MMP2 (P &amp;lt; 0.03). MMP2 in combination with N stage has a prognostic effect on time to indication of surgery at primary site. MMP2 intensity is also positively correlated with T stage (P &amp;lt; 0.015). In conclusion, Rap1GAP inhibits tumor growth but induces MMP2- and MMP9-mediated SCC invasion and tumor progression, suggesting a role for this protein as a biomarker for early N-stage, aggressive SCCs. [Cancer Res 2008;68(10):3959–69]
Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: Dr. Pekka, V. I. Koivisto
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

See also: Diffuse Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia: Cause of Chronic Gastrointestinal Blood LossEndoscopy 1987; 19(05): 218-220DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1018287
Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy: Treatment with Corticosteroids
Authors: M. I. Cremers, A. P. Oliveira, A. L. Alves, J. Freitas
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) has been recognised as an increasingly important source of bleeding in cirrhotic patients in whom an esophageal source of hemorrhage has been excluded [1]. Results of treatment of this condition have been disapointing [2] [3]. Although some authors consider that PHG and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) represent two separate entities, a large overlap exists [4]. The use of corticosteroids has been reported to be successful in patients with GAVE [5]. On this basis, our group used oral corticosteroid therapy to treat a patient with severe PHG, who had shown no improvement from treatment with nonselective beta-blockers.
Graphic Representation of Illness: A Novel Method of Measuring Patients’ Perceptions of the Impact of Illness
Authors: Stefan Büchi, Tom Sensky, Louis Sharpe, Natalie Timberlake
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Health outcome is multi-faceted, and for both research and clinical practice, greater knowledge of its facets is required. The Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure (PRISM) was developed as a simple, rapid measure of the current impact of illness and symptoms on the individual. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The PRISM task was completed by 26 outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis participating in a larger study of psychosocial correlates of arthritis, which included assessment of disease variables, functional impairment, pain, depression and patients’ appraisals of their illness. In the PRISM task, the patient was asked to imagine that a small board represents his/her life and a fixed disk on the board represents his/her ‘self’. The task was to place another (Illness) disk on the board to represent the current importance of illness in the patients’ life. The main outcome measure was the distance between the Self and Illness disks. &lt;b&gt;Findings:&lt;/b&gt; Only 2 patients had difficulty understanding the task. PRISM distance did not correlate with any disease variables. It correlated inversely with pain, functional impairment and depression, and positively with coping resources. PRISM distance correlated with perceived control over illness and negatively with awareness of illness. &lt;b&gt;Interpretation:&lt;/b&gt; PRISM is an innovative measure, simple and well accepted by patients. It appears to measure what in German is termed &lt;i&gt;leidensdruck&lt;/i&gt;, the burden of suffering due to illness. It offers a promising measure of an intangible but important health outcome, hitherto neglected, applicable to research interventions and clinical practice.
Preliminary Validation of PRISM (Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure) – A Brief Method to Assess Suffering
Authors: Stefan Büchi, Claus Buddeberg, Richard Klaghofer, Erich W. Russi, Otto Brändli, Corinne Schlösser, Thomas Stoll, Peter M. Villiger, Tom Sensky
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Alleviation of suffering is widely acknowledged as one of the main goals of medicine. However, no measure to assess this crucial aspect of illness has been developed to date. &lt;i&gt;Aims:&lt;/i&gt; To validate PRISM (Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure) as a simple quantitative method of assessing the perceived burden of suffering due to illness. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Validity and reliability studies to date have involved over 700 patients with a variety of chronic physical illnesses. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Reliability of PRISM is good (test-retest reliability r = 0.95; p ≤ 0.001, interrater reliability r = 0.79; p ≤ 0.001). Qualitative data indicate that the interpretation of the PRISM task is not only consistent among patients, but also consistent with that expected from existing literature on suffering. As expected, PRISM shows strong correlations with psychological variables (notably depression and coping resilience) and also correlates with SF-36 subscale scores. Prospective longitudinal data demonstrate that PRISM is sensitive to therapeutic change. It is very acceptable to patients and takes less than 5 min to administer. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; In the absence of a ‘gold standard’ measure of suffering, our validation data must be interpreted with caution. However, the performance of PRISM is entirely consistent with what would be expected of a measure of suffering, based on current published work.
Electrocardiographic changes in vitamin B6 deficient rats
Authors: D. A. MULVANEY, J. SERONDE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Serial electrocardiograms of vitamin B6 deficient rats show significant changes from those of rats on a complete diet. Animals fed a totally deficient diet from weaning grow slowly and die after about 12 weeks, often with a terminal weight loss. R and T amplitudes increase, then terminally decrease and are significantly greater than those of control animals. The PR interval is significantly shorter at times. Individuals have shown transient AV block, irregular sinus rhythm, wandering pacemaker, and inverted T waves. Autopsy findings include hypertrophy (89%), dilatation (61 %) and atrial thrombi (44%). ECG's of adult animals remained normal for about three months after being fed the deficient diet. The two males developed premature ventricular contractions of several ectopic foci. Finally, split QRS complexes were observed. The female had a normal ECG until the final record at 234 days when some minor changes were seen. Extensive cardiomyopathic changes were found in two out of the three adults at autopsy.
Upregulation of adhesion molecules in the bronchial mucosa of subjects with chronic obstructive bronchitis.
Authors: A Di Stefano, P Maestrelli, A Roggeri, G Turato, S Calabro, A Potena, C E Mapp, A Ciaccia, L Covacev, L M Fabbri
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To determine whether adhesion molecules and cytokines are upregulated in the bronchial mucosa of chronic bronchitics, we obtained bronchial biopsies in 16 chronic bronchitics, in eight asymptomatic smokers, and in seven normal nonsmoking subjects. Bronchial biopsies were examined by immunohistochemistry to identify the expression of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1) on vessels and on bronchial epithelium, and the expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), neutrophil elastase, and eosinophil cationic protein (EG-2) on cells in the submucosa. Chronic bronchitics had an increased number of E-selectin-positive vessels when compared with both asymptomatic smokers (p < 0.05) and normal subjects (p < 0.01). The numbers of ICAM-1-positive vessels, neutrophils, and IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha-, and EG-2-positive cells were not significantly different in the three groups of subjects examined. When the bronchitic group was divided according to the presence or absence of airway obstruction, the increased number of E-selectin-positive vessels persisted only in bronchitics with airway obstruction, who also had an increased expression of ICAM-1 on basal epithelial cells. We concluded that in the bronchial mucosa of chronic bronchitics with airway obstruction, there is an increased expression of E-selectin on vessels and of ICAM-1 on basal epithelial cells, suggesting the involvement of these adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in children: A multicenter clinicopathological study
Authors: Christine Carter-Kent, Lisa M. Yerian, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Paul Angulo, Rohit Kohli, Simon C. Ling, Stavra A. Xanthakos, Peter F. Whitington, Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya, Jason Yap, Rocio Lopez, Arthur J. McCullough, Ariel E. Feldstein
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may have distinct histological features in children and adults, but to date limited data are available on the spectrum and significance of histological lesions in pediatric patients. We conducted a multicenter study of children with well-characterized, biopsy-proven NAFLD to (1) assess the presence and significance of a constellation of histological lesions and (2) identify clinical and laboratory predictors of disease severity. One hundred thirty children with NAFLD seen from 1995 to 2007 in five centers in the United States and Canada were studied. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin and trichrome were evaluated by two liver pathologists. The NAFLD activity score (NAS) and the pattern of liver injury (type 1 or adult versus type 2 or pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]) were recorded. Fibrosis was staged using a published 7-point scale. The median age was 12 years (range, 4-18 years); 63% were boys, and 52% were Caucasian. Fibrosis was present in 87% of patients; of these, stage 3 (bridging fibrosis) was present in 20%. No patient had cirrhosis. The median NAS was 4. Overlapping features of both type 1 (adult pattern) and type 2 (pediatric pattern) NASH were found in 82% of patients. Compared with patients with no or mild fibrosis, those with significant fibrosis were more likely to have higher lobular and portal inflammation scores ( P &lt; 0.01), perisinusoidal fibrosis ( P &lt; 0.001), and NAS ≥5 ( P &lt; 0.005). Serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were the only clinical or laboratory data that independently predicted severity of fibrosis ( P = 0.003). Conclusion: Our results highlight the limitations of published proposals to classify pediatric NAFLD, and identified histological lesions associated with progressive disease. (Hepatology 2009.)
Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy with Mixed Cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Duane R. Schultz, Adel A. Yunis, Jean Walling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The premise that chronic antigenic stimulation may be involved in lymphoproliferative disorders was considered in a patient with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy who had received liver extract by injection and by mouth for many years. The salient features were lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly, a predominance of lymphocytes and plasmacytoid cells with mitotic figures in lymph-node imprints, a cryoglobulin containing IgG, IgA, IgM and bound complement components, depressed serum complement levels, and Coombs-test-positive erythrocytes. Immunoglobulin concentrations per 100 ml of serum were IgG, 5900 mg, IgA, 1480 mg, and IgM, 5640 mg, with normal ranges of 710 to 1540, 60 to 490, and 37 to 204 mg, respectively. Serum precipitins to an antigen (or antigens) in the liver extract resided in the IgA and IgM classes. Complete remission followed one course of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. We propose that the syndrome was caused by chronic antigenic stimulation with liver extract.
Clinical and Therapeutic Profile of Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndromes Who Do Not Have Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Matthew T. Roe, Robert A. Harrington, Danielle M. Prosper, Karen S. Pieper, Deepak L. Bhatt, A. Michael Lincoff, Maarten L. Simoons, Martijn Akkerhuis, E. Magnus Ohman, Michael M. Kitt, Alec Vahanian, Witold Ruzyllo, Karl Karsch, Robert M. Califf, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —A proportion of patients who present with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are found to have insignificant coronary artery disease (CAD) during coronary angiography, but these patients have not been well characterized. Methods and Results —Of the 5767 patients with non–ST-segment elevation ACS who were enrolled in the Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable Angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin (Eptifibatide) Therapy (PURSUIT) trial and who underwent in-hospital angiography, 88% had significant CAD (any stenosis &gt;50%), 6% had mild CAD (any stenosis &gt;0% to ≤50%), and 6% had no CAD (no stenosis identified). The frequency of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction at 30 days was reduced with eptifibatide treatment in patients with significant CAD (18.3% versus 15.6% for placebo, P =0.006) but not in those with mild CAD (6.6% versus 5.4%, P =0.62) and with no CAD (3.0% versus 1.2%, P =0.28). We identified independent baseline predictors of insignificant CAD (mild or no CAD) and used them to develop a simple predictive nomogram of the probability of insignificant CAD for use at hospital presentation. This nomogram was validated in a separate population of patients with non–ST-segment elevation ACS. Conclusions —Patients with suspected ACS found to have insignificant CAD have a low risk of adverse outcomes, do not appear to benefit from treatment with eptifibatide, and can be predicted with a simple nomogram drawn from baseline characteristics. Because patients with significant CAD appear to have an enhanced benefit from eptifibatide treatment, the predictive nomogram developed can be used to determine indications for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade.
Glucose transport and metabolism in adipocytes from newly diagnosed untreated insulin-dependent diabetics. Severely impaired basal and postinsulin binding activities.
Authors: E Hjøllund, O Pedersen, B Richelsen, H Beck-Nielsen, N S Sørensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Previous studies have shown cellular insulin resistance in conventionally treated insulin-dependent diabetics. To determine whether insulin resistance is also present in insulin-dependent diabetics before the commencement of insulin therapy, we studied nine newly diagnosed untreated insulin-dependent diabetics and nine control subjects. Insulin binding to adipocytes, monocytes, and erythrocytes was normal in the diabetic individuals. Basal (noninsulin stimulated) glucose transport rate was normal, whereas the maximal insulin responsiveness of glucose transport was severely impaired (P less than 0.02). Insulin sensitivity as judged by left or rightward shifts in the insulin dose-response curves was unchanged. Moreover, the basal lipogenesis rate measured at a glucose concentration of 0.5 mmol/liter was decreased in the diabetics (P less than 0.05), and the maximal insulin responsiveness of lipogenesis was also reduced (P less than 0.05). We conclude that fat cells from untreated insulin-deficient diabetics are insulin resistant. The major defects are (1) reduced maximal insulin responsiveness of glucose transport and conversion to lipids that are postbinding abnormalities, and (2) reduced basal glucose conversion to lipids.