tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A new method of autologous fascia lata replacement for aortic valvular disease
Authors: E. Hauf, C.-H. Chalant
Journal: Thorax (1971)

A new technique is described using homologous fascia lata for the construction of an aortic valve without prosthetic support and resulting in the simple and rapid production of the valve. The latter is nearing normal anatomical and physiological conditions. The successful use of such a valve in a case of acute bacterial endocarditis is described.
INTRALESIONAL TRIAMCINOLONE AS AN ADJUNCT TO ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: J. F. FERGUSON SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article INTRALESIONAL TRIAMCINOLONE AS AN ADJUNCT TO ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS Get access J. F. FERGUSON SMITH J. F. FERGUSON SMITH Senior Regiatrar, Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 10, 1 October 1962, Pages 350–353, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb15905.x Published: 01 October 1962
Tuberculosis Treatment in Developing Nations
Authors: Darren Kocs
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The recent article by Dr Raviglione and colleagues 1 strikingly reveals the severe consequences of inadequate and misguided funding for the global management of tuberculosis. One critical barrier to controlling this pandemic is still our relative ignorance of how different cultural structures and beliefs shape patterns of noncompliance. With few exceptions, most of what we know about noncompliance with tuberculosis treatment protocols comes from studies of the most industrialized nations, which in 1990 collectively accounted for only 2.6% of new cases of tuberculosis in the world. 2 This imbalance of studies persists even though we have data to support that noncompliance is a serious problem in many less industrialized countries and may be as high as 40% in some areas. 3 Thus, for those places that bear most of the momentum for continued tuberculosis morbidity and mortality, we are all too often left assuming that the reasons
Ventricular loading is coupled with DNA synthesis in adult cardiac myocytes after acute and chronic myocardial infarction in rats.
Authors: J M Capasso, S Bruno, W Cheng, P Li, R Rodgers, Z Darzynkiewicz, P Anversa
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

To determine whether the overload associated with myocardial infarction and ventricular failure in rats is coupled with activation of DNA synthesis in the remaining left and right ventricular myocytes, flow cytometric analysis was performed on myocyte nuclei prepared from both ventricles 7 and 30 days after coronary occlusion. In addition, oral captopril was administered in separate groups of control and experimental rats to establish whether a relation existed between attenuation of ventricular loading and magnitude of DNA synthesis in myocytes. Results demonstrated that left ventricular failure and right ventricular dysfunction at 7 days after infarction were biventricularly associated with marked increases in the number of myocyte nuclei in the G2M phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, the fraction of nuclei in the G0+G1 phase decreased. In comparison with the earlier time point, the 30-day interval was characterized by a significant magnitude of cardiac hypertrophy, a moderate amelioration of ventricular pump function, and a decrease in the percentage of myocyte nuclei in the G2M phase in both ventricles. However, 30 days after infarction, the number of right ventricular myocyte nuclei in the S and G2M phases remained elevated with respect to control animals. Captopril therapy reduced the extent of ventricular loading and the population of myocyte nuclei in the cell cycle at 7 days. In conclusion, DNA synthesis in myocyte nuclei may represent an important adaptive component of the myocardial response to infarction.
Pulmonary hypertension due to chronic hypoxia.
Authors: A Peacock
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Pulmonary hypertension due to chronic hypoxia Treat the lung not the pressure Pulmonary vasoconstriction in response to hypoxia is a basic reflex that occurs in all mammals studied.It has long been thought to have two main physiological functions.In the fetus it is responsible for closing off the pulmonary circulation to prevent blood from shunting through the unventilated lung.After birth it ensures that perfusion is constantly matched to ventilation.The problem comes when the lung is faced with global hypoxia due either to high altitude or to chronic hypoxic lung disease.Then the reflex seems malign and causes pulmonary hypertension.Not surprisingly, hypoxic vasconstriction is virtually absent in those animals that live constantly at high altitude.Bar headed geese, for example, fly over the Himalayas to nest in Tibet.These birds and also mammals that live at high altitude seem to suffer very little from their inability to control the flow of blood to the underventilated lung-so is the reflex of any benefit to adult animals or man?Patients with chronic hypoxic lung disease (usually chronic bronchitis and emphysema but also chronic asthma and restrictive diseases such as fibrosing alveolitis and kyphoscoliosis) are all at risk of pulmonary hypertension, and its development is associated with a poor prognosis.'Some authors have claimed that the pulmonary hypertension in these patients is coincidental to their poor prognosis and poor exercise tolerance rather than their cause.They base this assertion on the observation that the resting pulmonary artery pressure is often not high in patients with severe lung disease.A mean pressure of only 30 mm Hg is typical-whereas in primary pulmonary hypertension it may often reach systemic values.In such patients, however, the pulmonary pressure may rise much higher on exercise, owing to the low compliance of the constricted pulmonary circulation, or at night, owing to worsening hypoxia.Furthermore, the low oxygen content of the arterial blood means that adequate oxygen delivery to the tissues depends on a high cardiac output, and these patients
Clinics in General Practice
Authors: J A McSherry
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Antibodies to spermatozoa are discussed. The detection of antibodies to spermatozoa, by itself, is of little significance in the diagnosis of infertility in either sex. Although an increased incidence of autoantibodies to spermatozoa has been observed after vasectomy, there is little evidence to suggest that vasectomy produces any general increase in autoimmune reactions. Difficulties encountered in the measu rement of autoantibodies to spermatozoa are discussed. For the most part, the significance of autoantibodies to spermatozoa is unknown. However, the fears of adverse immune effects following vasectomy may already be dispelled.
Body-wide hierarchical fuzzy modeling, recognition, and delineation of anatomy in medical images
Authors: Jayaram K. Udupa, Dewey Odhner, Liming Zhao, Yubing Tong, Monica M.S. Matsumoto, Krzysztof C. Ciesielski, Alexandre X. Falcao, Pavithra Vaideeswaran, Victoria Ciesielski, Babak Saboury, Syedmehrdad Mohammadianrasanani, Sanghun Sin, Raanan Arens, Drew A. Torigian
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2014)
Endocytosis of soluble immune complexes leads to their clearance by FcγRIIIB but induces neutrophil extracellular traps via FcγRIIA in vivo
Authors: Kan Chen, Hiroshi Nishi, Richard Travers, Naotake Tsuboi, Kimberly Martinod, Denisa D. Wagner, Radu Stan, Kevin Croce, Tanya N. Mayadas
Journal: Blood (2012)
The known unknowns of HPV natural history
Authors: Patti E. Gravitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The discovery that certain high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) cause nearly 100% of invasive cervical cancer has spurred a revolution in cervical cancer prevention by promoting the development of viral vaccines. Although the efficacy of these vaccines has already been demonstrated, a complete understanding of viral latency and natural immunity is lacking, and solving these mysteries could help guide policies of cervical cancer screening and vaccine use. Here, we examine the epidemiological and biological understanding of the natural history of HPV infection, with an eye toward using these studies to guide the implementation of cervical cancer prevention strategies.
Abstract P1-01-05: Clinical Significance of Tumor Burden in the Sentinel Nodes after Neoadjuvant Therapy Differs from Sentinel Nodes in the Adjuvant Setting and This May Influence the Management of the Axilla
Authors: IT Rubio, I Cebrecos, V Peg, S DiCosimo, J Cortes, J. Xercavins
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background. Lymph node metastases are the most significant prognostic factor for breast cancer patients. The use of sentinel node biopsy (SLN) has generated an increased detection of positive nodes through the identification of isolated tumor cells (ITC) and micrometastasis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the significance of SLN micrometastasis and ITC for patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus patients undergoing surgery first. Material and Methods. A total of 571 patients with clinically node negative T1-T3 breast cancer underwent SLN surgery from 2004 to 2008. Clinicopathological data were reviewed and comparison was made between results in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting. Results. Of the 571 patients, 71 patients (12.5%) underwent SLN biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 500 (87.5%) underwent surgery first. The SLN identification rate in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy groups were similar (96.2% vs 95.8%). Mean number of sentinel nodes removed were 2,2 (range 1-15) in the adjuvant group and 2.2 (range 1-7) in the neoadjuvant group. The SLN was positive in the adjuvant group in 151 patients (30%) while in 27 patients (37.5%) in the neoadjuvant group. The SLN was the only positive node in 106 patients (70.1%) in the adjuvant group and in 6(26%) in the neoadjuvant group. Micrometastasis in the SLN was found in 39 patients (7.8%) in the adjuvant group and in 7 (9.8%) patients in the neoadjuvant group. In the adjuvant group, 7 patients (17.9%) had additional non SLN positive in the axillary dissection (ALND), while 3 (49%) in the neoadjuvant group. ALND was performed in all patients with ITC in the SLN in the neoadjuvant setting and 50% of them had additional nonSLN. Discussion. The significance of micrometastasis or ITC in the sentinel node seems to differ in patients with neoadjuvant therapy or surgery first. Micrometastsis or ITC in patients with prior neoadjuvant therapy may reflect residual disease in the axilla, as 50% of patients will have additional positive nodes. Completion axillary node dissection should be considered in this group of patients. Even more, the majority of patients with a positive SLN in the neoadjuvant group harbored additional positive axillary nodes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-05.
Delusion of Pregnancy in a Girl with Drug-Induced Lactation
Authors: BERTRAND CRAMER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The author presents the case of a psychotic girl who developed galactorrhea and a delusion of pregnancy while taking chlorpromazine. The delusion developed as a result of the interaction of the side effects of chlorpromazine and the psychological makeup characteristic of pseudocyesis patients. Galactorrhea and breast changes are often found among patients taking high doses of chlorpromazine and conflicts about pregnancy are frequent; thus delusions of pregnancy may often occur among female institutionalized patients treated with chlorpromazine.
Effects of activation sequence on the local recovery of ventricular excitability in the dog.
Authors: J A Abildskov
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

We measured refractory periods at ventricular sites in the dog heart during drive from ventricular test sites and during combined drive from the test sites and other ventricular sites or the atrium. We found that ventricular activation sequence caused significant alterations on refractory period. Combined drive from two sites which resulted in fusion complexes was associated with shorter refractory periods at the test sites than those observed during drive at the test sites only. Our findings are explicable because earlier excitation and consequent earlier recovery of surrounding areas during fusion beats exerts an electrotonic influence on test sites.
Antibiotic prophylaxis after endoscopic therapy prevents rebleeding in acute variceal hemorrhage: A randomized trial
Authors: Ming-Chih Hou, Han-Chieh Lin, Tsu-Te Liu, Benjamin Ing-Tieu Kuo, Fa-Yauh Lee, Full-Young Chang, Shou-Dong Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Bacterial infection may adversely affect the hemostasis of patients with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding (GEVB). Antibiotic prophylaxis can prevent bacterial infection in such patients, but its role in preventing rebleeding is unclear. Over a 25-month period, patients with acute GEVB but without evidence of bacterial infection were randomized to receive prophylactic antibiotics (ofloxacin 200 mg i.v. q12h for 2 days followed by oral ofloxacin 200 mg q12h for 5 days) or receive antibiotics only when infection became evident (on-demand group). Endoscopic therapy for the GEVB was performed immediately after infection work-up and randomization. Fifty-nine patients in the prophylactic group and 61 patients in the on-demand group were analyzed. Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of the gastroesophageal varices, time to endoscopic treatment, and period of follow-up were not different between the two groups. Antibiotic prophylaxis decreased infections (2/59 vs. 16/61; P <.002). The actuarial probability of rebleeding was higher in patients without prophylactic antibiotics (P =.0029). The difference of rebleeding was mostly due to early rebleeding within 7 days (4/12 vs. 21/27, P =.0221). The relative hazard of rebleeding within 7 days was 5.078 (95% CI: 1.854-13.908, P <.0001). The multivariate Cox regression indicated bacterial infection (relative hazard: 3.85, 95% CI: 1.85-13.90) and association with hepatocellular carcinoma (relative hazard: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.30-4.63) as independent factors predictive of rebleeding. Blood transfusion for rebleeding was also reduced in the prophylactic group (1.40 +/- 0.89 vs. 2.81 +/- 2.29 units, P <.05). There was no difference in survival between the two groups. In conclusion, antibiotic prophylaxis can prevent infection and rebleeding as well as decrease the amount of blood transfused for patients with acute GEVB following endoscopic treatment.
Incidence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Cohort of Young Adults According to the Presence of Chronic Cough and Phlegm
Authors: Roberto de Marco, Simone Accordini, Isa Cerveri, Angelo Corsico, Josep M. Antó, Nino Künzli, Christer Janson, Jordi Sunyer, Deborah Jarvis, Susan Chinn, Paul Vermeire, Cecilie Svanes, Ursula Ackermann-Liebrich, Thorarinn Gislason, Joachim Heinrich, Bénédicte Leynaert, Françoise Neukirch, Jan P. Schouten, Matthias Wjst, Peter Burney
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

The few prospective studies aimed at assessing the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in relation to the presence of chronic cough/phlegm have produced contrasting results.To assess the incidence of COPD in a cohort of young adults and to test whether chronic cough/phlegm and dyspnea are independent predictors of COPD.An international cohort of 5,002 subjects without asthma (ages 20-44 yr) with normal lung function (FEV(1)/FVC ratio >/= 70%) from 12 countries was followed from 1991-2002 in the frame of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II. Incident cases of COPD were those who had an FEV(1)/FVC ratio less than 70% at the end of the follow-up, but did not report having had a doctor diagnose asthma during the follow-up.The incidence rate of COPD was 2.8 cases/1,000/yr (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-3.3). Chronic cough/phlegm was an independent and statistically significant predictor of COPD (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.17-2.93) after adjusting for smoking habits and other potential confounders, whereas dyspnea was not associated with the disease (IRR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.64-1.50). Subjects who reported chronic cough/phlegm both at baseline and at the follow-up had a nearly threefold-increased risk of developing COPD with respect to asymptomatic subjects (IRR = 2.88; 95% CI, 1.44-5.79).The incidence of COPD is substantial even in young adults. The presence of chronic cough/phlegm identifies a subgroup of subjects with a high risk of developing COPD, independently of smoking habits.
Inferior Vena Cava Occlusion With Pulmonary Embolism Because of Complications Due to Ruptured Abdominal Aneurysm Demonstrated by Radionuclide Venography
Authors: AKIRA OHNO, KOHEI HAYASHIDA, HIROSHI MATSUO, TSUNEHIKO NISHIMURA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 66-year-old man with an abdominal aortic aneurysm confirmed by CT had bilateral swelling of the lower extremities with pain radiating to the back. Radionuclide venography and pulmonary scintigraphy demonstrated occlusion of the inferior vena cava and multiple pulmonary emboll, with a hot spot in the liver. Surgery revealed a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm that occluded the inferior vena cava, fistula formation, and extensive thrombosis of the inferior vena cava proximal to the occlusion site. Radionuclide venography was useful in detecting venous obstruction and the collateral formation represented by the hot spot in the liver as complications of the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, and in assessing the improvement of pulmonary embolism by medical therapy.
Clinical Features of and Recent Advances in Therapy for Fabry Disease
Authors: Roscoe O. Brady
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A. Intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide, the glycolipid substrate of this enzyme, leads to severe painful neuropathy with progressive renal, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular dysfunction and early death. Men are predominantly affected but many female carriers have similar clinical involvement, including increased risk of stroke. Physical stigmata, such as angiokeratomas in skin and mucous membranes and characteristic benign corneal abnormalities, facilitate identification of Fabry disease. The finding of a marked decreased activity of alpha-galactosidase A in white blood cells or cultured skin fibroblasts confirms the diagnosis. Treatment thus far has been symptomatic only. Etiology-based therapies are being developed that include enzyme replacement therapy, gene therapy, and substrate deprivation. Our recently completed double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous infusions of alpha-galactosidase A in patients with Fabry disease demonstrated the safety and efficacy of this treatment. JAMA. 2000;284:2771-2775.
Making Motherhood Safe in Developing Countries
Authors: Allan Rosenfield, Caroline J. Min, Lynn P. Freedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

This year marks the 20th anniversary of the Safe Motherhood Conference in Nairobi, an event that launched a global initiative to reduce maternal mortality in developing countries. Dr. Allan Rosenfield, Caroline Min, and Lynn Freedman ask, how far have we come in the past 20 years?
Association of polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene with the risk of developing neutropenia in children with leukemia
Authors: K G E Miedema, E M te Poele, W J E Tissing, D S Postma, G H Koppelman, A P de Pagter, W A Kamps, B Z Alizadeh, H M Boezen, E S J M de Bont
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Radiographic and Endoscopic Findings in Penicillin-related Non-pseudomembranous Colitis
Authors: M. Iida, T. Matsui, T. Fuchigami, A. Iwashita, T. Omae
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

The characteristic findings of barium enema and colonofiberscopic studies and their changes over time were investigated in 10 patients with penicillin-related non-pseudomembranous colitis. Radiographic examination within 6 days of onset revealed abnormal findings such as narrowing of the lumen, loss of haustral markings, thumb-printing, transverse ridging, and saw-toothed irregularities. These findings tended to be more pronounced on the right than on the left side of the colon. Endoscopy revealed lesions characterized by mucosal reddening, edema, and hemorrhage, without definite ulceration or erosion. In 5 of the 10 patients, non-continuous distribution of the lesions was noted. In 4 patients, the rectum was unaffected. Reversion to normal occurred within an average of 15.7 days following onset of the symptoms. Thus, for an accurate diagnosis of this disease, barium enema and/or total colonoscopy should be performed within 6 days of onset.
Understudied populations with hepatitis C
Authors: Doris B. Strader
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Managing patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection consists primarily of antiviral treatment, currently with peginterferon and ribavirin. Unfortunately, treatment recommendations derive largely from trials that have focused on highly selected patient populations. As a consequence of the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria in these studies, more than half of all HCV-infected patients would be ineligible for enrollment. Even among the selected patients enrolled into studies, only 50% achieve a sustained virological response (SVR). Patients not eligible for current therapies include those with mild disease and normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, patients with advanced and decompensated liver disease, children, the elderly, patients with ongoing or recent alcohol and substance abuse, renal disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, severe psychiatric or neurologic illness, autoimmune disorders, solid organ transplant, and other significant comorbid conditions. Because these patients have been excluded from most clinical trials, little is known about the safety or efficacy of therapy in these populations. The expense and side effects of therapy are also an impediment to treatment of patients who are on public assistance, in prisons, and in institutions. Clearly, new efforts and new approaches are needed to expand the eligibility for antiviral therapy of hepatitis C and make treatment more available for understudied populations with this disease. (Hepatology 2002;36:S226-S236).
Antibiotic Combinations
Authors: Wilfred F. Jones, Maxwell Finland, Clare Wilcox, Ann Najarian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

JAWETZ and his co-workers1 have presented evidence that certain combinations of antibiotics may be less effective in their antibacterial action than comparable amounts of the same agents acting separately. Such "antagonisms" have been demonstrated in vitro and in some experimental infections, mostly in mice, but, except for the report of Lepper and Dowling2 on the possible antagonistic action of chlortetracycline and penicillin in the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis, there has been little or no reliable clinical evidence for such an antagonistic action among antibiotics. Moreover, such evidence is difficult to obtain because of the many problems involved in conducting adequately . . .