tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Vitamins -- Benefits Not Yet Proved
Authors: Charles H. Hennekens, Julie E. Buring, Richard Peto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Over the past decade, there has been increasing scientific and public interest in the theoretical possibility that antioxidant vitamins, such as beta carotene (provitamin A)1 or more recently alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E),2 might help prevent cancer or cardiovascular disease. It has been suggested that cancer-causing damage to DNA might be prevented by the scavenging of free radicals or excited oxygen molecules that are byproducts of many normal metabolic functions. In cardiovascular disease, it has been hypothesized that antioxidant vitamins might inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol into a particularly atherogenic form3 and preserve endothelial function4.Observational epidemiologic data from . . .
Abstract 1123: Fucosylated TGF-ß receptors transduce a signal for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Rishu Takimoto, Masahiro Hirakawa, Fumito Tamura, Makoto Yoshida, Michihiro Ono, Yasushi Sato, Takahiro Osuga, Junji Kato
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) is a major inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in different cell types. TGF-ß-mediated EMT is thought to contribute to tumor cell spread and metastasis. Sialyl Lewis antigens synthesized by fucosyltransferase (FUT) 3 and FUT6 are highly expressed in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and are utilized as tumor markers for cancer detection and evaluation of treatment efficacy. However, the role of FUT3 and FUT6 in augmenting the malignant potential of CRC induced by TGF-ß is unclear. Methods: CRC cell lines were transfected with siRNAs for FUT3/6 and were examined by cell proliferation, invasion, and migration assays. The expression and phosphorylation status of TGF-ß downstream molecules were analyzed by western blot. Fucosylation of TGF-ß receptor was examined by lectin blot analysis. Results: Inhibition of FUT3/6 expression by siRNAs suppressed the fucosylation of type I TGF-ß receptor and phosphorylation of the downstream molecules, thereby inhibiting the invasion and migration of CRC cells by EMT. Citation Format: Rishu Takimoto, Masahiro Hirakawa, Fumito Tamura, Makoto Yoshida, Michihiro Ono, Yasushi Sato, Takahiro Osuga, Junji Kato. Fucosylated TGF-ß receptors transduce a signal for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1123. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1123
The Law, the AMA, and Partial-Birth Abortion
Authors: Janet Benshoof
Journal: JAMA (1999)

The three articles by Dr. Gans Epner, Drs. Sprang and Neerhof, and Dr. Grimes centered around the issue that criminal laws against so-called partial-birth abortion go beyond banning any one abortion procedure or just "late-term" procedures. It is noted that even the authors gave different definitions of "late term". In addition, neither the phrase "late term" nor "intact dilation" and evacuation is present or defined in any of the partial-birth abortion laws passed in 27 states or in the federal bill. Evidence shows that 17 courts across the US have blocked partial-birth abortion laws as unconstitutional, finding such laws could, at any point in a pregnancy, outlaw an abortion performed using the most common and safest procedures. In these terms, the endorsement of the federal partial-birth abortion law by the American Medical Association gave credibility to the deception that partial-birth abortion legislation is a ban on the intact dilation and extraction procedure. Moreover, it has endorsed government intrusion in a private medical decision and sanctioned a law that subjects physicians to criminal prosecution for providing necessary health care.
Cancellation of Esophageal Electrocardiograms
Authors: RALPH F. MORTON, WILLIAM E. ROMANS, DANIEL A. BRODY
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Cancellation of juxtacardiac esophageal electrocardiograms, as demonstrated in this study, indicates certain limitations of the equivalent cardiac dipole hypothesis. A new and more fundamental theory developed here shows that in large measure cancellation occurs because the cancellation network is in effect a relatively insensitive electrocardiographic connection, and because there is always prior assurance that a given complex can be completely canceled at any 2 desired instants during the cycle. The new theory also explains the paradox that proximity electrocardiograms can be canceled even though local action currents exert a relatively powerful influence on such leads.
Human monoclonal autoantibodies that react with both pancreatic islets and thyroid.
Authors: C Garzelli, F E Taub, M C Jenkins, D W Drell, F Ginsberg-Fellner, A L Notkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Transformation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with Epstein-Barr virus and rapid screening on rat insulinoma cells by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to identify monoclonal autoantibodies that reacted with human pancreatic islets. Six such monoclonal autoantibodies were isolated and cloned. All six also were found to react with human thyroid. It is concluded that lymphocytes able to make autoantibodies that react with both the pancreas and thyroid are common in the human B cell repertoire.
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting in an adolescent with isolated colonic involvement.
Authors: D Moore, S Lichtman, J Lentz, D Stringer, P Sherman
Journal: Gut (1986)

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis most commonly involves the stomach and proximal small intestine with eosinophilic inflammation of either the mucosa, submucosa or serosa. The patient reported here had isolated eosinophilic colitis. The initial presentation with iron deficiency anaemia owing to occult gastrointestinal blood loss emphasises the need to evaluate the entire gastrointestinal tract in patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis.
The effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition with sildenafil on pulmonary hemodynamics and diffusion capacity, exercise ventilatory efficiency, and oxygen uptake kinetics in chronic heart failure
Authors: Marco Guazzi, Gabriele Tumminello, Fabio Di Marco, Cesare Fiorentini, Maurizio D. Guazzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
THE MANAGEMENT OF TINEA CAPITIS. REPORT ON 1877 TREATED CASES.
Authors: CHAIM BERLIN, CLARA MEYROVITZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1955)

Journal Article THE MANAGEMENT OF TINEA CAPITIS. REPORT ON 1877 TREATED CASES. Get access CHAIM BERLIN, M.D., CHAIM BERLIN, M.D. Department of Dermatology, Municipal Hospital Hadassah, Tel‐Aviv, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar CLARA MEYROVITZ, M.D. CLARA MEYROVITZ, M.D. Department of Dermatology, Municipal Hospital Hadassah, Tel‐Aviv, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 67, Issue 11, 1 November 1955, Pages 397–401, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12669.x Published: 01 November 1955
Tumor necrosis factor and its receptors in human ovarian cancer. Potential role in disease progression.
Authors: M S Naylor, G W Stamp, W D Foulkes, D Eccles, F R Balkwill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The gene for tumor necrosis factor, TNF, was expressed in 45 out of 63 biopsies of human epithelial ovarian cancer. In serous tumors, there was a positive correlation between level of TNF expression and tumor grade. TNF mRNA was found in epithelial tumor cells and infiltrating macrophages, whereas TNF protein localized primarily to a subpopulation of macrophages within and in close proximity to tumor areas. mRNA and protein for the p55 TNF receptor gene localized to the tumor epithelium and tumor, but not to stromal macrophages. The p75 TNF receptor was confined to infiltrating cells. Cells expressing TNF mRNA were also found in ovarian cancer ascites and TNF protein was detected in some ascitic fluids. In 2 out of 12 biopsies of normal ovary, TNF mRNA was detected in a minority of cells in the thecal layer of the corpus luteum. Serum levels of TNF and its soluble receptor did not correlate with extent of TNF expression in matched biopsies. Northern and Southern analysis revealed no gross abnormality of the TNF gene. The coexpression of TNF and its receptor in ovarian cancer biopsies suggests the capacity for autocrine/paracrine action. TNF antagonists may have therapeutic potential in this malignancy.
Retrograde coronary artery flow in aortic valve disease.
Authors: R J Carroll, H L Falsetti
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Retrograde coronary artery flow was observed angiographically in 43 patients with aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation. In the 24 patients with pure or predominant aortic stenosis, retrograde flow was seen in all 24 during end-systole. In the eight patients with pure aortic regurgitation, retrograde flow was seen mainly during end-diastole (6/8). Among the 11 patients with stenosis and regurgitation, retrograde flow was both end-systolic and enddiastolic. Dominant left coronary arteries were seen in 13 patients; 13 showed retrograde flow in the dominant arteries. Dominant right coronary arteries were seen in 25 patients: all 25 showed retrograde flow equally in the right and left coronary. Five of the 43 patients could not be evaluated for dominance because of coronary artery occlusions. The severity of retrograde flow did not correlate with usual clinical, hemodynamic or tension-stress parameters: angina, electrocardiographic abnormality, end-diastolic pressure or volume, end-systolic pressure or volume, ejection fraction, severity of aortic regurgitation, peak or mean valve gradient, aortic valve area, myocardial tension and stress calculations, or DPTI:SPTI. In summary, retrograde coronary artery flow was seen in all 43 patients with severe aortic valve disease. The time in the cardiac cycle when retrograde flow occurred was related to the type of valve disease. Retrograde flow was seen mainly in the coronary arteries supplying the left ventricle and may result from increased regional myocardial stresses.
Prognostic factors for the outcome of childhood asthma in adolescence.
Authors: R J Roorda
Journal: Thorax (1996)

By the second decade of life asthma symptoms often abate and it may seem that patients with mild asthma have "outgrown" the disease. Unfortunately this is likely to be the exception rather than the rule. Although the severity of asthma symptoms fluctuates with time, the inherited tendency towards respiratory symptoms never disappears and many teenagers who seem to be free of symptoms do, in fact, have persistent asthma. During symptom-free periods subclinical, but nevertheless significant, airways obstruction and/or bronchial hyperresponsiveness may be present. It is not unusual for adults who have been asymptomatic for a number of years to redevelope asthma symptoms. Indeed, much of the so-called adult onset asthma has its roots in childhood. Levison concluded that, in these subjects, it is often not the asthma that is outgrown but the paediatrician. The more severe astham is in childhood the more likely it is that the disease will persist in adulthood. A complete list of the characteristics of the disease in childhood, and the potential risk factors associated with an unfavourable prognosis, such as pulmonary function and bronchial responsiveness and markers of airway inflammation, is therefore needed. As properly matched and controlled prospective long term studies have not been published it has not been possible to evaluate the effects on prognosis of any single class of antiasthma agent. Such studies are needed to find out if it is possible to alter the natural history of the disease. In theory modern asthma treatments, because they are able to improve symptoms and underlying disease phenomena, are also beneficial in the long term prognosis of childhood asthma. The majority of patients with persistent asthma included in the currently available studies were not receiving adequate treatment. Since compliance with therapeutic regimens in asthma, especially in adolescence, is low, a monitoring system is needed to guarantee adequate follow up and treatment during and beyond puberty.
NOTIFICATION AND STATE SUPERVISION OF THE TUBERCULOUS.
Authors: JOSEPH MATTESON
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The general acceptance of the bacillus discovered by Koch as the exciting cause of tuberculosis in man and the food animals is based on the most careful experimental observations. Without the bacillus there can be no tuberculosis. Therefore, if we should destroy all these bacilli there would be an end to tuberculosis. This appears to some logical, simple and, to a degree, possible of attainment. It is a sequence of cause, effect and prevention which has produced a revolution in medical thought and action. Whereas formerly an occasional instance of apparent communication of the disease from one individual to another excited some speculation as to its possible contagiousness, or was explained by heredity or coincidence, now all is changed—infection or communication from another is almost universally recognized as the essential factor. Tuberculosis then being an infectious disease affecting a larger number of individuals than any other, it naturally falls into
Follow-up study in local allergic rhinitis shows a consistent entity not evolving to systemic allergic rhinitis
Authors: Carmen Rondón, Paloma Campo, Maria Angeles Zambonino, Natalia Blanca-Lopez, Maria J. Torres, Lidia Melendez, Rocio Herrera, Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez, Jean-Louis Guéant, Gabriela Canto, Miguel Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Wide-Field Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients and Carriers of X-linked Retinoschisis
Authors: Ninel Z. Gregori, Byron L. Lam, Giovanni Gregori, Sudarshan Ranganathan, Edwin M. Stone, Alexis Morante, Fawzi Abukhalil, Potyra R. Aroucha
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
1120 Hepatitis C treatment practice patterns in the United States: a national survey
Authors: S HURLEY, E LAWITZ
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

PURPOSE: Previously we have reported a significant increase in bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and the hip and reductions in biochemical indices of bone turnover in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with alendronate at various doses over 1 to 2 years. We have followed BMD and biochemical parameters in these patients for 1 or 2 years after discontinuation of alendronate to determine resolution of alendronate effects.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Participants received daily oral doses of placebo, 5 or 10 mg of alendronate for 2 years, or 20 or 40 mg of alendronate for 1 year followed by 1 year of placebo. No treatment was given in the third year of study.RESULTS: Lumbar spine BMD changes in the 5- and 10-mg groups (−1.4 and −0.4%) were similar to those in the placebo group (−1.2%) 1 year after discontinuation of drug and lumbar spine BMD changes in the 20- and 40-mg groups (−1.2% and 0.8%) were similar to those in the placebo group (−0.9%) 2 years after discontinuation of drug. BMD of the total hip followed the same pattern of resolution. The difference in BMD between alendronate and placebo groups at the end of alendronate treatment was maintained up to 2 years. Residual reductions in the bone resorption markers urinary deoxypyridinoline (d-Pyr) and collagen type 1 cross-linked N telopeptides and the bone formation markers serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin remained for 1 year after discontinuation of 5 and 10 mg of alendronate and for 2 years after discontinuation of 20 and 40 mg of alendronate, other than return of D-Pyr to baseline 1 year after cessation of treatment with the 5- and 10-mg doses.CONCLUSIONS: A residual decrease in bone turnover may be found up to 2 years after discontinuation of alendronate. Accelerated bone loss is not observed when treatment is discontinued. However, continuous therapy with alendronate is required to achieve a continuous gain in BMD.
Diarrhoeae in thyroid medullary carcinoma: role of prostaglandins and therapeutic effect of nutmeg.
Authors: J A Barrowman, A Bennett, P Hillenbrand, K Rolles, D J Pollock, J T Wright
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In a patient with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with pulmonary metastases who presented with diarrhoea and steatorrhoea large amounts of prostaglandin-like material were present in peripheral blood, and some was extracted from the tumour. The diarrhoea which persisted after thyroidectomy responded to treatment with nutmeg.
Three T cell hybridomas do not contain detectable heavy chain variable gene transcripts.
Authors: M Kronenberg, E Kraig, G Siu, J A Kapp, J Kappler, P Marrack, C W Pierce, L Hood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

We attempted to determine whether T cells express any VH gene segments. cDNA libraries were constructed from one suppressor and two helper T cell hybridomas. Both the library construction and screening were designed to maximize detection of a wide range of VH gene segments. One screening method should detect about half of the sequenced VH genes, while the second should detect most of these genes. The probability of detecting a VH gene homologous to the probes and present at 10 copies per cell was 77% for one helper cell cDNA library, 88% for the second helper cell library, and greater than 99% for the suppressor cell library. No cDNA clones with VH gene segments were detected. From this result, we conclude that VH gene segments are not likely to encode the antigen-specific receptor in the cells we tested.
Reflections on 21 Years' Experience With the Carpal-Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: George S. Phalen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

At the 99th annual meeting of the American Medical Association in 1950, I presented a report entitled "Spontaneous Compression of the Median Nerve at the Wrist," before the section on Orthopedic Surgery.<sup>1</sup>The report based on my experience with 11 patients with compression neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist, was discussed by Walter Graham, MD, of Santa Barbara, Calif; Clarence Luckey, MD, of Stockton, Calif; and Sterling Bunnel, MD, of San Francisco. The report described a clinical syndrome unknown to almost all of the physicians attending that meeting. During the next six years, I continued to diagnose and treat patients with carpal-tunnel syndrome. With a series of 71 patients, I believed I could speak with some authority on the cause and the proper treatment of the condition. I again turned to the section on Orthopedic Surgery to present these data and statistics, during the 105th annual meeting
Towards evidence based bioethics
Authors: Scott D Halpern
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Use of epidemiological methods to study human behaviour is necessary to create an evidence base to inform ethical positions in medicine and science 

Bioethics has to date largely consisted of analyses of the moral underpinnings of appropriate behaviour in science and medicine. Although such theoretical writings often make important contributions to public health, they often contain unfounded assumptions about human behaviour. I describe recent examples in which assumptions made in theoretical writings were later repudiated, or in which empirical work served further to clarify positions taken in theoretical pieces. Paralleling the rise of evidence based approaches to clinical medicine, these examples show that further emphasis on empirical analysis is needed to promote more balanced, and evidence based, bioethics.

In 1988 Benjamin Freedman noted that perception, rather than reality, controls the generation and resolution of ethical issues.1 Writing during the first decade of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, he was referring to how the debate on doctors' duties to render care to AIDS patients was influenced by doctors' perceptions of the risk that patients might transmit the virus to them, rather than the actual risk conferred, which was not yet known. In the absence of evidence, intuition and perception have useful roles.

But what ought to guide ethical deliberations once evidence becomes available? Although evidence emerged that the risk of HIV transmission from patient to doctor is extremely low,2 3 resolution of many doctors' fears lagged behind and perception led several doctors to continue refusing to treat patients infected with HIV. I argue that, although Freedman correctly noted that perception often controls the generation as well as the resolution of ethical issues, this statement is only half true when placed in the normative realm: perception ought to govern the generation of ethical issues, but reality must often govern their resolution.

Traditional …
Total Plasma Homocysteine and Cardiovascular Risk Profile
Authors: Ottar Nygård, Stein Emil Vollset, Helga Refsum, Inger Stensvold, Aage Tverdal, Jan Erik Nordrehaug, Per Magne Ueland, Gunnar Kvåle
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To estimate the relations between established cardiovascular risk factors and total homocysteine (tHcy) in plasma.Health examination survey by the Norwegian Health Screening Service in 1992 and 1993.General community, Hordaland County of Western Norway.A total of 7591 men and 8585 women, 40 to 67 years of age, with no history of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, or cerebrovascular disease were included.Plasma tHcy level.The level of plasma tHcy was higher in men than in women and increased with age. In subjects 40 to 42 years old, geometric means were 10.8 mumol/L for 5918 men and 9.1 mumol/L for 6348 women. At age 65 to 67 years, the corresponding tHcy values were 12.3 mumol/L (1386 men) and 11.0 mumol/L (1932 women). Plasma tHcy level increased markedly with the daily number of cigarettes smoked in all age groups. Its relation to smoking was particularly strong in women. The combined effect of age, sex, and smoking was striking. Heavy-smoking men aged 65 to 67 years had a mean tHcy level 4.8 mumol/L higher than never-smoking women aged 40 to 42 years. Plasma tHcy level also was positively related to total cholesterol level, blood pressure, and heart rate and inversely related to physical activity. The relations were not substantially changed by multivariate adjustment, including intake of vitamin supplements, fruits, and vegetables.Elevated plasma tHcy level was associated with major components of the cardiovascular risk profile, ie, male sex, old age, smoking, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol level, and lack of exercise. These findings should influence future studies on the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.