tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arsenic-induced dysfunction in relaxation of blood vessels.
Authors: Moo-Yeol Lee, Byung-In Jung, Seung-Min Chung, Ok-Nam Bae, Joo-Young Lee, Jung-Duck Park, Ji-Sun Yang, Hyomin Lee, Jin-Ho Chung
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Several epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to arsenic is strongly correlated with the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. To determine whether arsenic affects vasomotor tone in blood vessels, we investigated the effect of arsenic on vasorelaxation using isolated rat aortic rings in an organ-bath system. Treatment with arsenite inhibited acetylcholine-induced relaxation of the aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas several other arsenic species did not have any effect. Consistent with these findings, the levels of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) in the aortic rings were significantly reduced by arsenite treatment. In cultured human aortic endothelial cells, treatment with arsenite resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In addition, higher concentrations of arsenite decreased the relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside (an NO donor) and 8-Br-cGMP (a cGMP analog) in aortic rings without endothelium. These in vitro results indicate that arsenite is capable of suppressing relaxation in blood vessels by inhibiting eNOS activity in endothelial cells and by impairing the relaxation machinery in smooth muscle cells. In vivo studies revealed that the reduction of blood pressure by acetylcholine infusion was significantly suppressed after arsenite was administered intravenously to rats. These data suggest that an impairment of vasomotor tone due to arsenite exposure may be a contributing factor in the development of cardiovascular disease.
Glossodynia: Personality Characteristics and Psychopathology
Authors: George Trikkas, Ourania Nikolatou, Christina Samara, Euterpe Bazopoulou-Kyrkanidou, Andreas D. Rabavilas, George N. Christodoulou
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Background. Glossodynia or burning mouth syndrome has been suggested to be a multifunctional disorder. Etiologic factors that have been reported include hematologic or vitamin deficiencies, denture factors, the climacteric, infections or endocrinological disorders. On the other hand psychological factors, such as anxiety, depression and phobias have been reported to play a significant role at the beginning of this nosological entity. It seems therefore that there are two main categories of glossodynia, one with a detectable organic etiology and another with a psychologic origin. The purpose of this study was to provide further information concerning the personality characteristics and the incidence of psychopathology in patients suffering from glossodynia without an organic etiology. Methods. Twenty-five patients suffering from glossodynia and 25 control subjects, matched for sex and age, participated in the study. Patients and controls were assessed concerning their psychosomatic morbidity. Both groups were given psychometric instruments (SRSD, STAI, EPQ, HDHQ, SSPS) for the assessment of personality characteristics and psychopathological symptoms. Results. Patients were significantly differentiated from controls with respect to all factors of HDHQ; they exhibited more hostility, either introverted or extroverted, than control subjects. The patients also had significantly higher values in the N (neuroticism) and the L (lie) factors of the EPQ. Concerning the other psychometric measurements there were no significant differences. Patients also had significantly higher rates of psychosomatic morbidity than controls. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that hostility – especially introverted hostility – neuroticism and possibly depression are important components of the psychological profile of patients suffering from glossodynia.
Correlation of brain natriuretic peptide release, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and six-minute walking test in patients with heart failure and cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Anil M. Sinha, Karsten Filzmaier, Dagmar Kunz, Kai U. Markus, Juergen Graf, Ole A. Breithardt, Peter Hanrath, Christoph Stellbrink
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: Gerald L. Klerman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

It is over 50 years since repeal of the Volstead Act ended the Prohibition "experiment." Since then, the United States has slowly evolved a public health approach to alcoholism.1 There has been gradual acceptance of the concept that alcoholism is a disease,2 as manifested in policy statements by the American Medical Association and the creation by Congress of the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism as part of the Public Health Service. The biomedical and biobehavioral research communities have been mobilized to promote scientific understanding of the disorder and to develop more effective modes of treatment and prevention. As . . .
CERTAIN PROBLEMS IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND
Authors: GEORGE W. CRILE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The possibility and efficiency of the practical application of the administration of iodin for the prevention of goiter as a public health measure were definitely established by Marine and Kimball in their classical experiment in the public schools of Akron, Ohio, in 1917. As the result of that study, the application of this principle of goiter prevention has been extended to various endemic goiter districts in this country and abroad, so that today children in various parts of the world are being benefited by prophylactic treatment, and the incidence of goiter is by so much diminishing. For a practical consideration of the problems of goiter, we may consider three abnormal states of the thyroid gland—hypothyroidism, malignancy and hyperthyroidism. <h3>HYPOTHYROIDISM (SIMPLE GOITER)</h3> The problems presented by simple goiter are comparatively easy of solution. <h3>1. Prevention.</h3> —I have already referred to the possibility and duty of preventing the incidence of simple goiter
Shipman found dead in prison cell
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Harold Shipman, one of history's most prolific medical murderers, was found dead in his cell on Tuesday, after apparently hanging himself with bed-sheets attached to the bars of his window.

Shipman was serving multiple life sentences for murdering 15 women patients while working as a general practitioner in Hyde, Greater Manchester. An inquiry into his case by appeal court judge Dame Janet Smith later found that he had killed at …
O71 MASSIVE HEPATIC NECROSIS IS A CRITICAL PATHOLOGICAL FEATURE TO DISTINGUISH ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE AS A SEPARATE ENTITY FROM CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH ACUTE DECOMPENSATION
Authors: H. Li, Q. Xia, S.-T. Li, S.-Y. Yang, B. Zeng, T.-L. Wang, H.-L. Weng
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Promoting self care for minor illness
Authors: I. Nazareth, E. Murray
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Is worthwhile but hard to achieve

A recent survey commissioned by the Proprietary Association of Great Britain that investigated the attitudes and behaviours of consumers and professionals around self care of minor illnesses reported that little has changed over the past 20 years.1 More than half (52%)of people with a new minor ailment self treated and 22% did nothing. Within the sample of people who had received a prescription from a doctor the last time they had a minor ailment, 62% visited a doctor.

Enhancing people’s ability to self care should be a priority for the NHS. Average annual general practitioner consultation rates per person in the United Kingdom have increased from 3.9 in 1995 to 5.3 in 2006, an ongoing increase of 70 million more general practitioner consultations each year in England.2 This is unsustainable, particularly in the current economic climate. Recent NHS policy has thus been aimed at promoting effective self care, both for minor ailments (see http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/help/) and for long term conditions.

Promoting self care can be highly beneficial to the NHS and its users. Minor illnesses form 18% of …
DIAGNOSIS BY CULTURAL METHODS OF RECTAL GONORRHEA IN WOMEN
Authors: A. Charlotte Ruys
Journal: JAMA (1935)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal, January 19, p. 192, Martin called attention to the not uncommon complication arising from rectal gonorrhea in women with genital gonorrhea. He however bases his diagnosis of rectal gonorrhea on microscopic examination of smears made from material swabbed from the rectal wall. He rejects the cultural method, as he thinks that the results are inconclusive. But it should be admitted that a diagnosis made from the examination of smears from the rectum is often unreliable, especially in view of the occurrence of gram-negative cocci and coccobacilli of the fecal flora in such smear preparations. Contrary to the views held by Martin on the value of cultural methods for the diagnosis of rectal gonorrhea, I find that cultural methods give excellent results and that diagnosis by culture is much more reliable than by microscopic examination of smears (Ruys, A. Charlotte, and Jens, P. A.:<i>München.</i>
The hepatitis B virus-trimera mouse: A model for human HBV infection and evaluation of anti-HBV therapeutic agents
Authors: Ehud Ilan, Tatjana Burakova, Shlomo Dagan, Ofer Nussbaum, Ido Lubin, Rachel Eren, Ofer Ben-Moshe, Joseph Arazi, Shoshana Berr, Lewis Neville, Leonard Yuen, Tarek S. Mansour, John Gillard, Ahamed Eid, Oded Jurim, Daniel Shouval, Yair Reisner, Eithan Galun
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of implantation of human blood cells or tissues in lethally irradiated mice or rats, radioprotected with SCID mouse bone marrow cells: The Trimera system. In the present study, we describe the development of a mouse Trimera model for human hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this model, viremia is induced by transplantation of ex vivo HBV–infected human liver fragments. Engraftment of the human liver fragments, evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin staining and human serum albumin mRNA expression, was observed in 85% of the transplanted animals 1 month postimplantation. Viremia levels were determined in these mice by measuring serum HBV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by dot–blot hybridization. HBV DNA is first detected 8 days after liver transplantation. Viremia attains a peak between days 18 and 25 when HBV infection is observed in 85% of the transplanted animals. The HBV–Trimera model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of human polyclonal anti–HBs antibodies (Hepatect) and of two reverse–transcriptase inhibitors, lamivudine (3TC) and β– l –5–fluoro–2′,3′–dideoxycytidine (β– l –5FddC). Treatment of HBV–Trimera mice with these drugs effectively reduced both the percentage of infected animals and the viral load in their sera. Treatment cessation resulted in rebound of viral load, indicating HBV replication upon drug withdrawal. These results show that the HBV–Trimera model represents a novel experimental tool for simulating human HBV infection and evaluating potential anti–HBV therapeutic agents.
Pneumonia in Military Recruits Associated with Rhino-Viral Infections.
Authors: Ronald B. George
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Pneumonia in Military Recruits Associated with Rhino-Viral Infections.Ronald B. George, M.D., William J. Mogabgab, M.D., F.A.C.P.Ronald B. George, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, William J. Mogabgab, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1089_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRhinoviruses are a common cause of afebrile upper respiratory infections in adults and may cause severe febrile illnesses, including bronchitis and pneumonia, in children. Lower respiratory illness in adults is less common but has been observed in chronic bronchitis and after inoculation of healthy volunteers. Among several hundred airmen treated at Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi, from 1962 to 1965 for nonbacterial pneumonias, 16 were found to have a significant rise in antibody titer against rhinovirus types 1, 2, 29, 30, or 31 during their illness, without antibody response to other nonbacterial agents. Cultures of the throat and sputum were... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ronald B. George, M.D.; William J. Mogabgab, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: New Orleans, Louisiana PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDiversity and function of the Antarctic krill microorganisms from Euphausia superbaInfectious diseases: annual review of significant publications 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1089-1090KeywordsBronchitisChildrenChronic bronchitisInoculationPharynxPneumoniaPulmonary diseasesRhinovirus infectionSputumUpper respiratory tract infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Haptoglobin preserves the CD163 hemoglobin scavenger pathway by shielding hemoglobin from peroxidative modification
Authors: Paul W. Buehler, Bindu Abraham, Florence Vallelian, Charlotte Linnemayr, Claudia P. Pereira, John F. Cipollo, Yiping Jia, Malgorzata Mikolajczyk, Felicitas S. Boretti, Gabriele Schoedon, Abdu I. Alayash, Dominik J. Schaer
Journal: Blood (2009)
Silicosis in barium miners.
Authors: A Seaton, V A Ruckley, J Addison, W R Brown
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Four men who mined barytes in Scotland and who developed pneumoconiosis are described. Three developed progressive massive fibrosis, from which two died; and one developed a nodular simple pneumoconiosis after leaving the industry. The radiological and pathological features of the men's lungs were those of silicosis and high proportions of quartz were found in two of them post mortem. The quartz was inhaled from rocks associated with the barytes in the mines. The features of silicosis in barium miners are contrasted with the benign pneumoconiosis, baritosis, that occurs in workers exposed to crushed and ground insoluble barium salts. Diagnostic difficulties arise when silicosis develops in workers mining minerals known to cause a separate and benign pneumoconiosis. These difficulties are compounded when, as not infrequently happens, the silicotic lesions develop or progress after exposure to quartz has ceased.
Waiting List Mortality Among Children Listed for Heart Transplantation in the United States
Authors: Christopher S.D. Almond, Ravi R. Thiagarajan, Gary E. Piercey, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Elizabeth D. Blume, Heather J. Bastardi, Francis Fynn-Thompson, T.P. Singh
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Children listed for heart transplantation face the highest waiting list mortality in solid-organ transplantation medicine. We examined waiting list mortality since the pediatric heart allocation system was revised in 1999 to determine whether the revised allocation system is prioritizing patients optimally and to identify specific high-risk populations that may benefit from emerging pediatric cardiac assist devices.We conducted a multicenter cohort study using the US Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. All children <18 years of age who were listed for a heart transplant between 1999 and 2006 were included. Among 3098 children, the median age was 2 years (interquartile range 0.3 to 12 years), and median weight was 12.3 kg (interquartile range 5 to 38 kg); 1294 (42%) were nonwhite; and 1874 (60%) were listed as status 1A (of whom 30% were ventilated and 18% were on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). Overall, 533 (17%) died, 1943 (63%) received transplants, and 252 (8%) recovered; 370 (12%) remained listed. Multivariate predictors of waiting list mortality include extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (hazard ratio [HR] 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4 to 3.9), ventilator support (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.4), listing status 1A (HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7 to 2.7), congenital heart disease (HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.6), dialysis support (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.0), and nonwhite race/ethnicity (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.0).US waiting list mortality for pediatric heart transplantation remains unacceptably high in the current era. Specific high-risk subgroups can be identified that may benefit from emerging pediatric cardiac assist technologies. The current pediatric heart-allocation system captures medical urgency poorly. Further research is needed to define the optimal organ-allocation system for pediatric heart transplantation.
Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration for the Diagnosis of Intrathoracic Lymphadenopathy in Patients with Extrathoracic Malignancy: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Neal Navani, Matthew Nankivell, Ian Woolhouse, Richard N. Harrison, Mohammed Munavvar, Ute Oltmanns, Mary Falzon, Gabrijela Kocjan, Robert C. Rintoul, Sam M. Janes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Diagnosis of Nasal and Eye Allergies - the Allergies, Immunotherapy,&amp; Rhinoconjunctivitis (AIRS) Patient Survey
Authors: Michael S. Blaiss, Mark S. Dykewicz, Bryan D. Leatherman, David P. Skoner, Nancy Smith, Felicia C. Allen-Ramey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
ORAL APPLIANCE FOR RADIUM TREATMENT
Authors: J. B. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1930)

An implantation of radon seeds into the bony structures of the oral cavity is not always desirable. The limited amount of soft tissue in the alveolar ridge and the hard palate makes the interstitial use of radium very difficult and at times impossible. In these locations a surface application of radium is indicated. The great problem in oral applications is to get an applicator that will stay put. The movements of the tongue and muscles of deglutition will soon sweep ordinary applicators, such as forceps or pinch-cocks, from their anchorage. We experienced a great deal of difficulty in this regard until we commenced to use dental impressions made from a nonmetallic gum wax base. With them, we have been able to give treatments lasting over a period of hours without a great deal of discomfort to the patient. The accompanying illustrations will serve to explain our appliance.
Retinoic acid. Inhibition of the clonal growth of human myeloid leukemia cells.
Authors: D Douer, H P Koeffler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Vitamin A and its analogues (retinoids) affect normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. We examined the effect of retinoids on the clonal growth in vitro of myeloid leukemia cells. Retinoic acid inhibited the clonal growth of the KG-1, acute myeloblastic leukemia, and the HL-60, acute promyelocytic leukemia, human cell lines. The KG-1 cells were extremely sensitive to retinoic acid, with 50% of the colonies inhibited by 2.4-nM concentrations of the drug. A 50% growth inhibition of HL-60 was achieved by 25 nM retinoic acid. Complete inhibition of growth of both leukemia cell lines was seen with 1 microM retinoic acid. Exposure of KG-1 cells to retinoic acid for only 3-5 d was sufficient to inhibit all clonal growth. The all-trans and 13-cis forms of retinoic acid were equally effective in inhibiting proliferation. Retinal, retinyl acetate, and retinol (vitamin A) were less potent inhibitors. Clonal growth of the human K562 and mouse M-1 myeloid leukemic cell lines was not affected by 10 microM retinoic acid. Retinoic acid also inhibited the clonal growth of leukemia cells from five of seven patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Retinoic acid at concentrations of 5 nM to 0.3 microM inhibited 50% clonal growth, and 1 microM retinoic acid inhibited 64-98% of the leukemic colonies. The inhibition of clonal growth of KG-1 and HL-60 cell lines and of leukemic cells from two patients was not associated with the presence of a specific cytoplasmic retinoic acid-binding protein. Our study suggests that retinoic acid may prove to be effective in the treatment of human myeloid leukemia.
Chronic obstructive airway diseases. Current concepts in diagnosis and comprehensive care
Authors: J. E. Hodgkin
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Physicians and paramedical personnel often find the early diagnosis and differentiation of obstructive airway diseases to be a challenging problem. The history and physical examination are often not enough to allow the physician to detect either the presence of, or determine the type of, disease present. Patterns of pulmonary function abnormality to determine the presence of obstructive or restrictive defects are discussed. Guidelines useful in the differentiation of obstructive airway diseases are presented. Once a patient with COAD is assessed, the physician needs to outline a therapeutic program after establishing goals with the patient. These goals include (1) improved ability for the patient to achieve relief from symptoms and (2) improved capacity to carry out the activities of daily living. The therapeutic modalities available for the comprehensive care of patients with COAD are discussed. These include general factors such as patient and family education, avoidance of smoking and other inhaled irritants, avoidance of infection, a minimum stress environment, high fluid intake, and proper nutrition. The appropriate use of the medications most commonly employed in the teatment of these patients, eg, bronchodilators, expectorants, antimicrobials, corticosteroids, cromolyn, digitalis, and diuretics, are individually discussed. The use of such respiratory therapy techniques as aerosol therapy, intermittent positive pressure breathing, and oxygen therapy are considered. Application of the specialty of rehabilitation medicine to patients with obstructive airway disease is described. This includes physical therapy with breathing retraining, clapping and postural drainage, and exercise reconditioning, occupational therapy with attention to energy conservation in activities of daily living, psychological considerations, and vocational rehabilitation. Definite benefits that can be demonstrated if the physician employs this type of systematic respiratory care program include a decrease in the frequency and duration of hospital admissions, socioeconomic gains from reduced hospitalizations, a reduction in anxiety, depression and somatic concern, the return of patients to positions of employment and the establishment of a better quality of life. Persistence in making sure the patient continues in a systematic program, including both pharmacological and nonpharmacological modalities, may be the means of assuring maintenance or even improvement in his health. The day-to-day treatment for the majority of patients should remain in the hands of the primary physician. However, community resources must be established to allow the primary physician to provide these patients with adequate comprehensive respiratory care. Development of three levels of care (the primary physician, community respiratory rehabilitation units, and the regional respiratory center) should make superior respiratory care available to every patient with obstructive airway disease.
Tobaccoism Is the Disease—Cancer Is the Sequela
Authors: Byron J. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A lesion that follows or is caused by a disease is a<i>sequela</i>according to Dorland's dictionary.<sup>1</sup>We, the physicians of this country, are guilty of losing sight of the distinction between disease and sequela when it comes to the pandemic of the disease of<i>tobaccoism</i>and its sequelae of cancer, emphysema, and cardiovascular disease. For the past two decades, the focus on cancer and the neglect of research on tobaccoism have contributed to the inappropriate allocation of national resources. The purpose of this editorial is to express three strongly held opinions in regard to tobaccoism: We frequently focus on the wrong target in health care politics. We and our government tend to grab hold of the wrong end of the bat and flail away, wondering all the while why we are having so much trouble getting a solid hit. As a society, we have not awakened