tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cinematographical analysis of javelin throwing techniques of decathletes.
Authors: H. Kunz, D. A. Kaufmann
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

Th purpose of this study was to analyse by correlational methods the biomechanical factors involved in achieving the maximal distance thrown in the javelin event. Twelve Swiss decathletes and two world class javelin specialists were filmed by a high speed (102 fps) 16 mm camera throwing a total of 20 trials. The co-ordinates of the resulting cyclograms were processed by a computer programme and the results submitted to correlational analysis. The highest correlation was 0.76 between velocity at release and distance thrown. Other negative correlations were found between distance thrown and angle of the javelin with the horizontal (0.52) and distance thrown and throwing hand to contralateral foot distance during the last strides (0.67). Javelin specialists, who had longer throws than decathletes (mean = 79.03 m versus 54.29 m), had a smaller difference between the angle of attack and angle of release. The results suggest that in order to attain maximal distance thrown the javelin thrower should achieve positive acceleration during the running approach, effective thrusting with th right leg on the penultimate stride and carry the javelin during the last strides at the optimal angle of release (32 to 36 degrees).
New MRSA Strain
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2011)

A new strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) occurring in human and dairy cows has been identified in Europe (Garcia-Alvarez L et al. Lancet Infect Dis. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70126-8 [published online ahead of print June 3, 2011]).
Diabetes and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of One Million U.S. Adults
Authors: Peter T. Campbell, Christina C. Newton, Alpa V. Patel, Eric J. Jacobs, Susan M. Gapstur
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE Diabetes is a major predictor of death from heart disease and stroke; its impact on nonvascular mortality, including specific cancers, is less understood. We examined the association of diabetes with cause-specific mortality, including deaths from specific cancers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective cohort of 1,053,831 U.S. adults, without cancer at baseline, enrolled in the Cancer Prevention Study-II in 1982 and was followed for mortality until December 2008. At baseline, participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that included information on diabetes, smoking, physical activity, height, and weight. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) (95% CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS During 26 years of follow-up, 243,051 men and 222,109 women died. In multivariable models that controlled for age, BMI, and other variables, diabetes was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (women RR 1.90 [95% CI 1.87–1.93]; men 1.73 [1.70–1.75]). Among women, diabetes was associated with higher risk of death from cancers of the liver (1.40 [1.05–1.86]), pancreas (1.31 [1.14–1.51]), endometrium (1.33 [1.08–1.65]), colon (1.18 [1.04–1.33]), and breast (1.16 [1.03–1.29]). Among men, diabetes was associated with risk of death from cancers of the breast (4.20 [2.20–8.04]), liver (2.26 [1.89–2.70]), oral cavity and pharynx (1.44 [1.07–1.94]), pancreas (1.40 [1.23–1.59]), bladder (1.22 [1.01–1.47]), colon (1.15 [1.03–1.29]), and (inversely) prostate (0.88 [0.79–0.97]). Diabetes was also associated with higher risks of death involving the circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, genitourinary system, and external causes/accidental deaths. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes is associated with higher risk of death for many diseases, including several specific forms of cancer.
Structure-assisted Design of Nonpeptide Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Jason R. Rosé, Charles S. Craik
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The discovery of therapeutic agents has, in the past, started primarily with random screening efforts. These screens, although effective, are time-consuming and expensive. Attempts are now being made to design more efficient methods of screening that take into account available information about the three-dimensional structure of a target receptor or enzyme. In the case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the structure of a proteolytic enzyme, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease, an aspartyl protease that plays a crucial role in the viral life cycle, has been determined and extensively characterized. Using the protease structure and the computer program DOCK, the active site of the protease was mapped and its shape used to screen a subset of the Cambridge Structural Database. Among the molecules whose shape was complementary to the active site was the antipsychotic agent haloperidol. This molecule and several chemically modified derivatives were shown to bind competitively with micromolar affinity to the HIV protease but not to cellular aspartyl proteases. X-ray structures of the HIV protease complexed with haloperidol derivatives show the molecules binding in the predicted position at the active site. In an attempt to overcome the problems associated with low-affinity competitive inhibitors, reactive groups that enable the molecule to serve as a specific irreversible inhibitor of the HIV protease were introduced onto the haloperidol scaffold. These inhibitors demonstrated an ability to block viral polyprotein processing in a tissue culture model of HIV-1 infection, although their cytotoxicity is pronounced. Although further chemical modifications will need to be pursued to address this issue, it is clear that structure-based screening is a viable method for rapidly identifying small molecules that have the potential to be developed into therapeutic agents.
382 PROTEIN PATHWAY BIOMARKER SIGNATURE ASSOCIATED WITH SUPERIMPOSED NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH) AND ADVANCED FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: M. Stepanova, D. Limongi, A. Afendy, M. Pierobon, I. Younossi, T. Gramlich, L. Liotta, E. Petricoin, Z. Younossi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Monocytosis in Malignancy
Authors: RAYMOND E. MOLDOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 March 1971Monocytosis in MalignancyRAYMOND E. MOLDOW, M.D.RAYMOND E. MOLDOW, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-3-449_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest Col. O'Neill Barrett, Jr.'s letter describing the association of monocytosis with solid tumor maligancy (Ann Intern Med 73:991-992, 1970).Mr. Roger Connelly and I reported a retrospective epidemiological study of 257 randomly selected pancreatic cancer cases occurring in Connecticut over a 7-year period (Gastroenterology 55:677-686, 1968). A WBC count and differential was available in 220 patients. Monocytosis, defined as an absolute count greater than 500/mm3, was observed in 76 (30%) of these patients. Utilizing Col. Barrett's normal distribution figure, this represents more cases than would be expected (53 cases).Our observations, then, are... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RAYMOND E. MOLDOW, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOvarian tumor vasculature as a source of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy 1 March 1971Volume 74, Issue 3Page: 449-449KeywordsNormal distributionPancreatic cancerRetrospective studiesWhite blood cells ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Demonstration of a Capsule on<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>
Authors: J. Owen Hendley, Keith R. Powell, Richard Rodewald, Henry H. Holzgrefe, Robert Lyles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The presence of a capsule on Neisseria gonorrhoeae the causative organism of gonorrhea, has not been convincingly demonstrated.1 However, in 1959 Deacon and his co-workers showed with fluorescent antibody that gonococci in a urethral smear had a "K-antigen" that disappeared progressively over 30 hours of cultivation in vitro.2 In a schematic representation of the K-antigen3 Deacon described it as a capsule on gonococci.The possibility that gonococci can be encapsulated is suggested by the fact that N. meningitidis the other member of the genus neisseria that is pathogenic in man, has a capsule.1 The meningococcal capsule is composed of polysaccharide . . .
Physical training-induced reduction of peripheral monocyte-related inflammatory markers is associated with improvement in endothelial function of chronic heart failure patients
Authors: Stamatis Adamopoulos, John T. Parissis, Dimitrios Karatzas, Christos Kroupis, George Karavolias, Katerina Koniavitou, Spilios Karas, Dimitrios Kremastinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Scottish Experience with the Serologic Diagnosis of Legionnaires' Disease
Authors: RONALD J. FALLON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Four-hundred fifty-nine sera from 342 persons were examined at Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow, using an agar-grown heat-killed, ether-treated antigen derived from the Philadelphia 1 strain of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. They were examined, in parallel, at the Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta. Overall agreement (results agreeing +/- one twofold dilution) was reached with 90% of sera. Important differences were obtained with 10 (2.2%) sera. With three of these 10 sera the CDC alone obtained a significant titre (256) whereas with the other seven the Glasgow laboratory alone obtained a titre of 256. Altogether 28 persons (8.2%) with an agreed titre of 256 or higher were identified. However, some of these people had been ill 4 years before serum was obtained for examination. These persistent high titres make the serologic diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease difficult.
Multiple gating modes and the effect of modulating factors on the μI sodium channel
Authors: Jiuying Zhou, Jerald F. Potts, James S. Trimmer, William S. Agnew, Fred J. Sigworth
Journal: Neuron (1991)

Macroscopic current from the microI skeletal muscle sodium channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes shows inactivation with two exponential components. The major, slower component's amplitude decreases with rapid pulsing. When microI cRNA is coinjected with rat skeletal muscle or brain mRNA the faster component becomes predominant. Individual microI channels switch between two principal gating modes, opening either only once per depolarization, or repeatedly in long bursts. These two modes differ in both activation and inactivation kinetics. There is also evidence for additional gating modes. It appears that the equilibrium among gating modes is influenced by a modulating factor encoded in rat skeletal muscle and brain mRNA. The modal gating is similar to that observed in hyperkalemic periodic paralysis.
Impaired uptake of glutathione by hepatic mitochondria from chronic ethanol-fed rats. Tracer kinetic studies in vitro and in vivo and susceptibility to oxidant stress.
Authors: J C Fernández-Checa, C García-Ruiz, M Ookhtens, N Kaplowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Isolated hepatocytes incubated with [35S]-methionine were examined for the time-dependent accumulation of [35S]-glutathione (GSH) in cytosol and mitochondria, the latter confirmed by density gradient purification. In GSH-depleted and -repleted hepatocytes, the increase of specific activity of mitochondrial GSH lagged behind cytosol, reaching nearly the same specific activity by 1-2 h. However, in hepatocytes from ethanol-fed rats, the rate of increase of total GSH specific radioactivity in mitochondria was markedly suppressed. In in vivo steady-state experiments, the mass transport of GSH from cytosol to mitochondria and vice versa was 18 nmol/min per g liver, indicating that the half-life of mitochondrial GSH was approximately 18 min in controls. The fractional transport rate of GSH from cytosol to mitochondria, but not mitochondria to cytosol, was significantly reduced in the livers of ethanol-fed rats. Thus, ethanol-fed rats exhibit a decreased mitochondrial GSH pool size due to an impaired entry of cytosol GSH into mitochondria. Hepatocytes from ethanol-fed rats exhibited a greater susceptibility to the oxidant stress-induced cell death from tert-butylhydroperoxide. Incubation with glutathione monoethyl ester normalized the mitochondrial GSH and protected against the increased susceptibility to t-butylhydroperoxide, which was directly related to the lowered mitochondrial GSH pool size in ethanol-fed cells.
Hawaiian Health Plan: Less Than Meets the Eye?
Authors: Alfred M. Arensdorf
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Psychiatrists and psychologists in the state of Hawaii are becoming impatient and frustrated with the praise lavished on Hawaii's health care system. Drs Lewin and Sybinsky<sup>1</sup>totally neglected to mention the sorry state of affairs in the provision of mental health services both in the privately insured sector and for the uninsured and underinsured patients. This situation is even more tragic when the plight of children and youth is considered. The state of Hawaii is under a US Department of Justice injunction to comply with national standards relative to the care of children and adolescents.<sup>2</sup>In addition, the state of Hawaii has recently had a class action suit filed concerning its incredible neglect of child mental health issues.<sup>3</sup> It is unfortunate thatThe Journaldoes not have an opportunity to publish the whole picture of health care in Hawaii. Hawaii's mental health system is rated
More About Arterialized Capillary Blood Measurements
Authors: James M. Hofford
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In The Journal an interesting article by Joseph V. Olivia et al (223:1388, 1973) discussed earlobe capillary blood for estimating arterial oxygen tension. The authors mentioned the good correlation between arterialized capillary blood and arterial blood oxygen levels when the range of measurement is 50 to 100 mm Hg and stated that there is poor correlation when the range is between 450 and 600 mm Hg. The values 150 to 450 mm Hg were not mentioned. In our recent publication,<sup>1</sup>we evaluated, with multiple samples, the value of the arterialized capillary blood to measure oxygen pressure (Po<sub>2</sub>) in the range of 0 to 600 mm Hg; arterial carbon dioxide pressure (Pco<sub>2</sub>), 0 to 100 mm Hg; and pH, 7.20 to 7.61. Our study indicated that the use of arterialized capillary blood to measure oxygen tension in the range of 100 to 600 mm Hg is not accurate for clinical use.
No More, No Less
Authors: Lloyd M. Krieger
Journal: JAMA (1987)

For as long as I can remember I have wanted to be a physician. When I was young, I was simply following human nature: my goal was to be just like my dad, who is a professor of neurosurgery. He went off to work each day and performed eight hours of miracles. Sometimes he even made it home for dinner. Later, in college, I had the usual premedical student's lab job and was taking the prescribed chemistry courses. I observed dozens of surgical procedures and accompanied my dad through morning rounds. I thought I knew what it meant to be a physician. Then I got sick. At the beginning of winter quarter of my sophomore year I developed stomach pains. Soon I couldn't eat. A swallow of water kept me awake all night in agony. I checked into the hospital and began a painful odyssey that led me from misery
Genetic Factors on Mouse Chromosome 18 Affecting Susceptibility to Testicular Germ Cell Tumors and Permissiveness to Embryonic Stem Cell Derivation
Authors: Philip D. Anderson, Vicki R. Nelson, Paul J. Tesar, Joseph H. Nadeau
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Despite strong heritability, little is known about the genetic control of susceptibility to testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) in humans or mice. Although the mouse model of spontaneous TGCTs has been extensively studied, conventional linkage analysis has failed to locate the factors that control teratocarcinogenesis in the susceptible 129 family of inbred strains. As an alternative approach, we used both chromosome substitution strains (CSS) to identify individual chromosomes that harbor susceptibility genes and a panel of congenic strains derived from a selected CSS to determine the number and location of susceptibility variants on the substituted chromosome. We showed that 129-Chr 18(MOLF) males are resistant to spontaneous TGCTs and that at least four genetic variants control susceptibility in males with this substituted chromosome. In addition, early embryonic cells from this strain fail to establish embryonic stem cell lines as efficiently as those from the parental 129/Sv strain. For the first time, 129-derived genetic variants that control TGCT susceptibility and fundamental aspects of embryonic stem cell biology have been localized in a genetic context in which the genes can be identified and functionally characterized.
P776Prognostic significance of antioxidant enzymes in acute coronary syndromes
Authors: A Holley, J Miller, SA Harding, PD Larsen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) constitute a defence against oxidative stress by scavenging key reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the context of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), the variance and prognostic significance of these enzymes is not clearly defined. Patients with low levels of GPx and SOD activity may have less capacity to scavenge ROS leading to an increased risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that patients with low levels of GPx and SOD activity would have a higher risk of MACE following an ACS. Methods: We prospectively enrolled ACS patients undergoing coronary angiography ± percutaneous coronary intervention. Clinical features and demographic data were recorded and blood samples collected prior to angiography. Plasma was assayed for GPx and SOD activity using colourimetric activity kits (Enzo LifeSciences). 1-year outcomes were collected, with a primary outcome measure of MACE, defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke (CVA), stent thrombosis and new heart failure (HF). Results: In 262 ACS patients (mean age 63 yrs, 69% male, 23% ST elevation MI, 71% non-ST elevation MI, 6% unstable angina) we observed considerable variation in the measures of GPx and SOD activity. The activity levels of these enzymes were not normally distributed. The median and inter-quartile range of GPx and SOD were 0.7 U/mg protein (0.5–0.9) and 0.2 U/mg protein (0.1–0.4) respectively. We observed a significant correlation between GPx and SOD activity (rho=0.3, ***p<0.001). At 1-year 34 patients experienced MACE (10 deaths, 11 MI, 6 CVA, 5 stent thrombosis and 13 new HF). There was no significant correlation between either GPx activity and MACE (p=0.12) or SOD activity and MACE (p=0.36). Conclusion: In ACS patients we observed a large variance in both GPx and SOD activity. However, while some patients had low levels of antioxidant activity during the ACS presentation this was not associated with an increase in MACE at 1-year follow-up. A number of smaller studies report mixed results regarding the prognostic significance of these enzymes for cardiovascular events. To the best of our knowledge this is the largest study conducted in an acute population, and we did not identify a significant relationship between GPx or SOD activity and MACE. The cause and significance of low activity levels of these enzymes remain to be determined and is the focus of ongoing studies.
Benign Familial Hematuria-Reply
Authors: Samuel S. Blumenthal
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Drs Zelikovic, Stapleton, and Chesney that when evaluating children with hematuria it is important to screen the index case and family members for idiopathic hypercalciuria as well as for benign familial hematuria. Whether benign familial hematuria and idiopathic hypercalciuria coexist in the same patients has not been studied.
Poverty, health, and the role of doctors
Authors: Bassem Saab, Jumana Antoun
Journal: BMJ (2006)

T he World Health Organization defines health as a state of physical, psychological, and social wellbeing. By this definition doctors are responsible not just for treating diseases but also taking care of patients' social and psychological welfare, which includes helping to alleviate poverty.

With an increase in poverty worldwide “health for all” remains an elusive goal. In at least nine countries in the Arab world more than 30% of the population are in poverty. As well as the increase in the number of people in poverty, wealth continues to be distributed unevenly, with a widening gap between rich and poor people. Countries with greater inequality in income also have higher mortality and morbidity—owing partly to lack of access to good quality health care among poorer people.

> Doctors can contribute to poverty by asking for unnecessary investigations 

Poverty and ill health are mutually reinforcing. Poverty leads to poor nutrition and hygiene, resulting in a higher likelihood of disease; disease often further impoverishes poor people through absenteeism and reduced productivity. The costs can be overwhelming. Between 1990 and 1994 in Bangladesh 21% …
"OXYGEN TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT EDEMA"
Authors: Charles L. Janssen
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, May 1, appeared a clinical note on the "Oxygen Treatment of Malignant Edema," by Dr. R. P. Roantree, Elko, Nev. The author stated that he did not find in the literature any mention of a patient treated in this manner. It is only fair to give the credit of the method to Professor Thiriar of Brussels, who described it as far back as 1899. Since that time the oxygen treatment has been extensively used in various pyogenic conditions, but has met with special favor in the treatment of the anaerobic infections. During the World War we found it efficient when gas gangrene was a prevalent complication. During the last years of the war it was not used frequently because prophylaxis was successful and because better curative methods had been found. The literature on the subject is quite extensive; may I refer to these few
Proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells involves cytochrome c release and caspase activation, accompanied by formation of an ∼700 kDa Apaf-1 containing apoptosome complex
Authors: JB Almond, RT Snowden, A Hunter, D Dinsdale, K Cain, GM Cohen
Journal: Leukemia (2001)