tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Diseases in Adult Males With Leukemia 2
Authors: R. Gibson, S. Graham, A. Lilienfeld, L. Schuman, M. Levin, M. Swanson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

In the Tri-State Leukmeia Survey, the history of diseases in 605 adult male leukemia cases 15 years and older and in 668 adult male population controls was examined. These diseases occurred at least 1 year before leukemia was diagnosed. The data were based on respondents' answers that the disease was diagnosed by a physician; the respondent was either the subject or his spouse. Of 30 diseases studied, 7 showed an excess among the patients with leukemia: infectious hepatitis, eczema, psoriasis, diabetes, arthritis and rheumatism, heart disease, and ankylosing spondylitis. Mumps had a lower reported occurrence among the cases, whereas pneumonia was less frequent in acute lymphatic cases than in population controls. Three diseases occurred significantly less in controls than in persons with specific histologic types of leukemia. Our data revealed a more frequent history of herpes zoster (shingles) in chronic lymphatic leukemia, more hives in acute and chronic myeloid cases, and meningitis in acute myeloid leukemia. When we only considered the patients' responses, more of them admitted having had acne than did our controls. The remaining diseases—childhood viral diseases, infectious mononucleosis, smallpox, typhoid fever, dysentery, scarlet fever, diphtheria, contact dermatitis, neurodermatitis, rheumatic fever, tuberculosis, asthma, hay fever, and goiter did not occur more frequently in cases than in controls. The findings were consistent with evidence from previous laboratory and clinical studies. The increased occurrence of infectious hepatitis in our case series is consistent with the findings of other studies showing an increased frequency of Australia antigen in patients with hepatitis, leukemia, and Down's syndrome.
Adjuvant therapy with escalating doses of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide with or without leukocyte alpha-interferon for stage II or III breast cancer.
Authors: A U Buzdar, G N Hortobagyi, S W Kau, T L Smith, G Fraschini, F A Holmes, J U Gutterman, V M Hug, S E Singletary, F C Ames
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE A prospective study in breast cancer patients was undertaken to determine whether escalating doses of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide would result in a higher fraction of patients free of disease, and to evaluate the role of leukocyte alpha-interferon. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1982 and 1986, 319 consecutive patients with stage II or III breast cancer with one or more positive nodes were assigned randomly to receive adjuvant chemotherapy that consisted of escalating doses of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in combination with vincristine and prednisone or the same chemotherapy regimen followed by 1 year of leukocyte alpha-interferon. Doxorubicin was administered by 72-hour continuous infusion through a central venous catheter (maximum total cumulative dose, 430 mg/m2). All patients with positive or unknown estrogen receptor status were also given tamoxifen for 1 year. RESULTS The median follow-up was 71 months (range, 35 to 99 months). Correlation of disease-free survival (DFS) with dose-intensity of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin showed no improvement in DFS for patients who were able to receive escalated drug doses compared with those who were not. Doxorubicin administered by continuous infusion was associated with a negligible risk of cardiotoxicity in this study despite the administration of higher accumulative doses than in our previous adjuvant therapy studies. The DFS rates of patients who did and those who did not receive leukocyte alpha-interferon were similar. CONCLUSIONS In this study, there was no real evidence that higher drug dose intensity was associated with longer DFS. Leukocyte alpha-interferon as it was used in this study had no therapeutic value. Doxorubicin administered by infusion was associated with a reduced risk of cardiotoxicity.
To study outcome of directly observered treatment shortcourse (DOTS) category I and category II relapses when put on re-treatment regimen (Cat-II DOTS)
Authors: Nitin Jain, Nirmal Jain, Mukesh Sharma, Rohan Aurangabadwalla, Nalin Joshi, Jha Akanksha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Under RNTCP Cat-I and Cat-II relapses are put on retreatment regimen. There is scarcity of data on outcome of these relapses and hence, present study was planned to study the outcome of DOTS Cat I and Cat II relapses when put on retreatment regimen (Cat II DOTS).   Patients and methods:  A total 289 relapse (161 cases of Cat-I relapse and 128 of Cat-II relapses) patients were included. 150 cases with history of successful treatment and 2 year follow up without relapse were taken as control. 9 patients were lost to follow up. Cat I and Cat II relapses were treated with retreatment regimen (Cat II). Patients were followed up to see changes in radiological and bacteriological parameters as per RNTCP protocol. Outcome was decided based on smear examination at follow up visits at 2, 5 and at end of treatment. Mycobacterium culture and sensitivity (Myco C/S) reports were collected and bacteriological characteristics of patients were decided. Outcome was defined as per RNTCP guidelines.   Results:  Out of 156 Cat-I relapse patients treated with Cat-II DOTS, successful outcome was achieved in 65.37%. Regimen failed in 26.28% and 5.78% patients defaulted. When Cat-II relapse patients were retreated with Cat-II DOTS, successful outcome was achieved in only 36.28% patients. 56.45% patients failed, 4.83% patients defaulted and 2.42% died.   Conclusions:  Treatment of Cat-I relapse with Cat-II can be justified with an expected success rate of 65%. The effectiveness of Cat-II DOTS in Cat-II relapse must be elucidated in large multicentre studies and ideally Cat-II relapses should be empirically put on revised line drugs awaiting results of Myco C/S.
Importance of a Smooth Surface in Carcinogenesis by Plastic Film&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Richard R. Bates, Michael Klein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

The nature of the surface of plastic disks is a significant variable in plastic carcinogenesis. Thus a significantly higher incidence of sarcomas was induced in BALB/cAn mice that received subcutaneous implants of nonporous polyethylene disks having a smooth surface than in mice given similar disks with a roughened surface. When the first tumor arose, 7½ months after implantation, there were 71 survivors with smooth implants and 60 with rough implants. By 13 months after implantation, 35 sarcomas already had developed adjacent to smooth disks but only 7 beside the rough disks. The rate of accumulation of sarcomas was consistently greater for the mice given smooth disks throughout the entire observation period.
Paclitaxel by 96-hour continuous infusion in combination with cisplatin: a phase I trial in patients with advanced lung cancer.
Authors: M S Georgiadis, B S Schuler, J E Brown, L V Kieffer, S M Steinberg, W H Wilson, C H Takimoto, M J Kelley, B E Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of paclitaxel administered by 96-hour continuous infusion in combination with cisplatin, to determine if the addition of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) permits significant paclitaxel dose escalation, and to assess the toxicity and preliminary activity of this combination in patients with advanced lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty patients with untreated lung cancer were enrolled: 42 had advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and eight had extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Patients received paclitaxel doses of 100 to 180 mg/m2/96 hours and cisplatin doses of 60 to 80 mg/m2 as a single 30-minute bolus injection at the end of the paclitaxel infusion. RESULTS Two of six patients experienced dose-limiting neutropenia at a dose of paclitaxel 140 mg/m2/96 hours and cisplatin 80 mg/m2. With G-CSF support, one of three patients experienced both dose-limiting mucositis and fatal neutropenic sepsis at a dose of paclitaxel 180 mg/m2/96 hours and cisplatin 80 mg/m2. Significant peripheral neuropathy developed in five patients and occurred after six or more cycles of therapy. Thirty-three of 42 patients with NSCLC had measurable disease; the objective response rate was 55%, with two complete responses and 16 partial responses. For all 42 patients with NSCLC, the median time to progression and median survival duration were 5 months and 10 months, respectively. The actuarial 1-year survival rate was 41%. Of eight SCLC patients, four responded to therapy, and the median survival duration for all SCLC patients was 11 months. CONCLUSION The MTD without G-CSF is paclitaxel 120 mg/m2/96 hours and cisplatin 80 mg/m2, and the MTD with G-CSF is paclitaxel 160 mg/m2/96 hours and cisplatin 80 mg/m2. Infusional paclitaxel with cisplatin is well tolerated and active in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Having both patient advocates and patients at the MDT meeting might be useful
Authors: Ceinwen Giles
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Eigenmann’s recommendation that patients’ advocates attend the multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting, not patients themselves, is interesting.1

Of those patients with cancer who know what an MDT is, many do not understand why they cannot attend a meeting at which they will be discussed. And many patients do not even understand what an MDT is. When you’re first diagnosed …
Bournewood: an indefensible gap in mental health law
Authors: D. Dickenson, A. Shah, G I Szmukler, F Holloway
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—We agree with Eastman and Peay that capacity will become a major issue for mental health services,1 particularly in the light of the consultation paper Who Decides?.2 The Law Commission’s proposals on which the paper was based3 afford a mechanism that could resolve much of the practical difficulty arising from the Appeal Court’s decision while also affording the rights that the House of Lords’ decision denies.4

The Law Commission proposed an incapacity jurisdiction, to provide an integrated framework for decisions concerning personal welfare, health, or financial matters of incapacitated people. As with similar provisions,5 the court was intended to be a jurisdiction of last resort. Its jurisdiction would be invoked only if the making of an order would be of greater benefit to the incapacitated person than would no order.

The recommendation for the incapacity jurisdiction covered giving or refusing approval for particular forms of health care, appointing managers to give or refuse such consent, and requiring people to allow a proxy to take over responsibility for their health care. In relation to mental disorders the Law Commission recommended that the court’s incapacity jurisdiction should extend to the power to order admission to hospital for assessment or treatment of mental disorder if there are grounds for admission under section 2 or 3 of the Mental Health Act and it is in the person’s best interest to be admitted.

Although the existence of another court might seem a further burden on busy clinicians, we believe that it would help considerably. The right to apply to the mental health review tribunal and the right of the nearest relative to obtain the patient’s discharge would not apply during the first period of detention in these circumstances, since a judicial determination would already have been made. This provision would mean that most cases would not need to be reviewed, since the median period for admission of patients with dementia is 5-10 weeks.

Who Decides? asked whether a new provision for compulsory admission to hospital is needed. The House of Lords’ judgment has underlined the urgency of a new procedure, and the Law Commission’s proposals for an incapacity jurisdiction strike a reasonable balance between the rights of incapacitated people and the duties of clinicians. The risk of confusion between the two procedures would be minimised if an NHS directive advised psychiatrists to use the incapacity jurisdiction procedures wherever they would have used informal admission.
Intraductal biliopancreatic imaging: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) technology review
Authors: Andrea Tringali, Arnaud Lemmers, Volker Meves, Grischa Terheggen, Jürgen Pohl, Guido Manfredi, Michael Häfner, Guido Costamagna, Jacques Devière, Horst Neuhaus, Fabrice Caillol, Marc Giovannini, Cesare Hassan, Jean-Marc Dumonceau
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

This technology review expresses the current view of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) on the available techniques for intraductal biliopancreatic imaging. The three <i>cholangioscopy</i> techniques are described: the "dual-operator" and " single-operator" mother-baby approaches using dedicated instruments, and the "direct" technique using currently available ultrathin gastroscopes. The mother-baby method is standardized and reproducible, while direct cholangioscopy is technically demanding and its safety requires further evaluation. As well as direct visualization of the bile ducts, cholangioscopy has the further advantage of allowing targeted biopsy. Image quality is still suboptimal for single-operator cholangioscopy, while the other techniques have achieved adequately detailed imaging. The costs of mother-baby cholangioscopy are high and its application in clinical practice should be restricted to selected cases (i.e. indeterminate biliary strictures/intraluminal lesions, difficult biliary stones) and to the setting of tertiary care centers. <i>Peroral pancreatoscopy</i> may find an indication in situations where other imaging modalities (mainly EUS) are inconclusive (i.e. delineation of main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia extension, sampling of indeterminate main pancreatic duct strictures) <i>Intraductal ultrasonography</i> (IDUS) has a poorer performance than EUS in the staging of pancreatic malignancies and can increase the risk of pancreatitis. A promising indication for IDUS could be the evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures and ampullary tumors. <i>Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy</i> (pCLE) of the bile ducts is a difficult and expensive technique. Appropriate training needs to be established, since interpretation of images is challenging. pCLE can be an important diagnostic tool in the setting of indeterminate biliary strictures.
Potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells in studies of liver disease
Authors: Fotios Sampaziotis, Charis‐Patricia Segeritz, Ludovic Vallier
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Liver disease is a leading cause of death in the Western world. However, our insight into the underlying disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic agents has been hindered by limited availability of primary tissue, intraspecies variability associated with the use of animal models, and reduced long‐term viability of isolated and diseased liver cells. The emergence of human induced pluripotent stem cells and differentiation protocols to generate hepatocyte‐like cells has opened the possibility of addressing these issues. Here, we discuss the recent progress and potential in the production of various cell types constituting the liver and their applications to model liver diseases and test drug toxicity in vitro . (H epatology 2015;62:303‐311)
Triglycerides and Postprandial Angina
Authors: M.T. Kearney, A.J. Cowley, I.A. Macdonald
Journal: Circulation (1998)

To the Editor:Moussa and colleagues report restenosis in 43 (22%) of 201 lesions and 31 (37%) of 84 patients undergoing multivessel coronary stenting at angiographic follow-up at a mean of 5.2 months. 1 Confirmation of the lesion-to-lesion independence of restenosis after balloon angioplasty or stenting has validated lesion-based restenosis analysis in patients with multivessel disease. 2 Restenosis rates for patients with multiple treated lesions can therefore be calculated and equal the sum of the independent probabilities of restenosis.Given a lesion restenosis rate of 22% after stenting, the proportion of patients with restenosis at Ն1 site for 2, 3, 4, or 5 treated lesions would be 39%, 53%, 63%, and 71%, respectively.Moussa et al treated 2 lesions in 66 patients, 3 lesions in 24 patients, 4 lesions in 5 patients, and 5 lesions in 3 patients, which gives a predicted restenosis rate by patient of 45%, slightly higher than the observed 37%.This difference may be due to chance or to clustering of restenosis in particular patients.Clustering is supported by the observation that 20 (47%) of 43 restenotic lesions occurred in 8 (10%) of 84 patients 1 (PϽ0.05by comparison of proportions).Further information on these 8 patients, including diabetic status, postprocedure lumen diameter, number of lesions treated, and number of stents used per lesion, should be provided.The existence of distinct lesion populations with differing propensities for restenosis may be of particular relevance to case selection.Patients with multivessel disease may have lesions requiring dilation that are amenable to balloon angioplasty but not to stenting.Furthermore, restenosis rates are higher after vein graft interventions.The disproportionate impact of lesion restenosis rate and the number of lesions treated on the patient's overall risk of restenosis should be underscored.On the basis of lesion restenosis rates from the STRESS, 3 BENESTENT, 4 and SAVED 5 trials, a hypothetical patient who had 1 coronary stenosis stented, a second ballooned, and stent placement for a third vein graft lesion would have a predicted overall restenosis rate of 71%.In the study by Moussa et al, 1 two thirds of the patients had only 2 lesions stented, which partly explains their good results.What do the authors believe are the implications of these observations for case selection, including the issue of left ventricular dysfunction for which completeness of revascularization may be prognostically important?Should there be a limit to the number of lesions treated?Is a more complete follow-up, including coronary angiography, advisable in these patients?
The Importance of Prenatal Exposures on the Development of Allergic Disease
Authors: Tricia M. McKeever, Sarah A. Lewis, Chris Smith, Richard Hubbard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The etiology of allergic disease is not understood, but a decreased exposure to infection may play an important role. There are few published data on the impact of change in microbial exposure during pregnancy on the child's risk of developing allergic disease. Using a birth cohort of 24,690 children, derived from the West Midlands General Practice Research Database, we investigated a number of perinatal exposures on the incidence of asthma, eczema, and hay fever. Our findings suggest that exposure to antibiotics in utero is associated with an increased risk of asthma in a dose-related manner (more than two courses of antibiotics compared with none adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51-1.87), and similar associations are present for eczema (adjusted HR 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06-1.29) and hay fever (adjusted HR 1.56; 95% CI, 1.22-2.01). Exposure to a range of infections in utero was also associated with a small increased risk of developing allergic disease. Strong protective effects of older siblings on the incidence of allergy are present within this cohort, but previous pregnancies that did not result in a live birth were not protective. Our findings suggest that exposure to antibiotics and to infections in utero is a potentially important risk factor in the development of allergic disease.
Faecal haemoglobin and faecal calprotectin as indicators of bowel disease in patients presenting to primary care with bowel symptoms
Authors: Craig Mowat, Jayne Digby, Judith A Strachan, Robyn Wilson, Francis A Carey, Callum G Fraser, Robert J C Steele
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> In primary care, assessing which patients with bowel symptoms harbour significant disease (cancer, higher-risk adenoma or IBD) is difficult. We studied the diagnostic accuracies of faecal haemoglobin (FHb) and faecal calprotectin (FC) in a cohort of symptomatic patients. <h3>Design</h3> From October 2013 to March 2014, general practitioners were prompted to request FHb and FC when referring patients with bowel symptoms to secondary care. Faecal samples were analysed for haemoglobin (EIKEN OC-Sensor io) and calprotectin (BÜHLMANN Calprotectin ELISA). Patients triaged to endoscopy were investigated within 6 weeks. All clinicians and endoscopists were blind to the faecal test results. The diagnostic accuracies of FHb and FC for identification of significant bowel disease were assessed. <h3>Results</h3> 1043 patients returned samples. FHb was detectable in 57.6% (median 0.4 µg/g, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8; range 0–200). FC at 50 µg/g or above was present in 60.0%. 755 patients (54.6% women, median age 64 years (range 16–90, IQR 52–73)) returned samples and completed colonic investigations. 103 patients had significant bowel disease; the negative predictive values of FHb for colorectal cancer, higher-risk adenoma and IBD were 100%, 97.8% and 98.4%, respectively. Using cut-offs of detectable FHb and/or 200 µg/g FC detected two further cases of IBD, one higher-risk adenoma and no additional cancers. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In primary care, undetectable FHb is a good 'rule-out' test for significant bowel disease and could guide who requires investigation.
Abstract 2594: Post Myocardial Infarction Hypertension and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Heart Failure, or Both Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jens J Thune, James E Signorovitch, Lars Kober, Jonathan Howlett, John J McMurray, Robert M Califf, Aldo P Maggioni, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Marc A Pfeffer, Scott D Solomon
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Cisplatin-vincristine-bleomycin therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Authors: P C Amrein, H Fingert, S A Weitzman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

Seventy patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with a 24-hour infusion of cisplatin, followed by vincristine and bleomycin. Among 37 patients with no prior treatment who had stage III (2) or stage IV (35) disease, there were 2 complete responders and 23 with a partial response, for an overall response frequency of 67%. Among 27 patients with recurrent disease after radiotherapy and/or surgery, there were 9 (33%) partial responses. Among 6 patients having failed prior chemotherapy, there was 1 complete responder, still in remission at 26 months. Response frequency was highly dependent on performance status and stage of disease, with a response of 80% in the 0 performance status group and 83% for stages less than T4N3M0. Among 18 patients with resectable disease, 51% remain disease-free at 12 months with an overall median survival at 16 months. Among the 33 patients with recurrent disease, the median duration of response and survival was 4 and 12 months for responders, respectively; nonresponders had a median survival of 5 months. The toxicity of this regimen was generally mild, with 21% of patients having no vomiting and 91% never having a serum creatinine over 2.0 mg/dL. There were 2 cases of pulmonary fibrosis. This chemotherapy regimen compares favorably with other published regimens for head and neck cancer with respect to activity and may be less toxic.