tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nitroxide stable radicals protect beating cardiomyocytes against oxidative damage.
Authors: A Samuni, D Winkelsberg, A Pinson, S M Hahn, J B Mitchell, A Russo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The protective effect of stable nitroxide radicals against oxidative damage was studied using cardiomyocyte cultures obtained from newborn rats. Monolayered cardiomyocytes were exposed to H2O2 and the effect on spontaneous beating and leakage of LDH was determined. Hydrogen peroxide irreversibly blocked rhythmic beating and resulted in a significant membrane injury as shown by release of LDH. The injury was prevented by catalase which removes H2O2 and by cell-permeable, metal-chelating agents such as desferrioxamine or bipyridine. In contrast, reagents which are excluded from the cell such as superoxide dismutase or DTPA did not protect the cells against H2O2. Five- and six-membered ring, stable nitroxide radicals which have previously been shown to chemically act as low-molecular weight, membrane-permeable, SOD-mimetic compounds provided full protection. The nitroxides prevented leakage of LDH and preserved normal cardiomyocyte contractility, presumably by intercepting intracellular O2-radicals. Alternatively, protection may result through nitroxides reacting with reduced transition metal ions or by detoxifying secondary organic radicals.
Sudden Asphyxia Due to a Laryngeal Lipoma Following Esophageal Endosonography
Authors: S. Lecleire, F. Di Fiore, I. Roque, M. Antonietti, S. Hervé, G. Savoye, P. Michel, E. Lerebours
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Esophageal endosonography is now widely used, especially for staging esophageal carcinoma. It is currently recognised a routine procedure with few complications. We report the case of a 74-year-old patient who experienced a novel complication of esophageal endosonography. During endoscopic monitoring of an esophageal adenocarcinoma (32 - 36 cm from the incisors) treated by chemoradiotherapy, an odd bulge was discovered in the upper part of the esophagus (20 - 25 cm from incisors). Biopsy findings remained negative. Endosonography showed an hyperechogenic and homogeneous lesion, on the left part of the esophagus, 17 - 21 cm from the incisors, i. e., in a different location from that previously measured (Figure [1]). The diameter and thickness of the lesion were, respectively 26 mm and 11 mm. The submucosa and muscularis mucosa were intact and no evidence of recurrence of carcinoma in the lower part of the esophagus was noted.
Cost effectiveness of strategies to combat cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and tobacco use in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia: mathematical modelling study
Authors: M. Ortegon, S. Lim, D. Chisholm, S. Mendis
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To determine the relative costs and health effects of interventions to combat cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and tobacco related disease in order to guide the allocation of resources in developing countries.Cost effectiveness analysis of 123 single or combined prevention and treatment strategies for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and smoking by means of a lifetime population model.Two World Health Organization sub-regions of the world: countries in sub-Saharan Africa with very high adult and high child mortality (AfrE) and countries in South East Asia with high adult and high child mortality (SearD).Demographic and epidemiological data were taken from the WHO databases of mortality and global burden of disease. Estimates of intervention coverage, effectiveness, and resource needs were drawn from clinical trials, observational studies, and treatment guidelines. Unit costs were taken from the WHO-CHOICE (Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective) price database.Cost per disability adjusted life year (DALY) averted, expressed in international dollars ($Int) for the year 2005.Most of the interventions studied were considered highly cost effective, meaning they generate one healthy year of life at a cost of <$Int2000 (which is the gross domestic product per capita of the two regions considered here). Interventions that offer particularly good monetary value, and which could be considered for prioritised implementation or scale up, include demand reduction strategies of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (<$Int950 and <$Int200 per DALY averted in AfrE and SearD respectively); combination drug therapy for people with a >25% chance of experiencing a cardiovascular event over the next decade, either alone or together with specific multidrug regimens for the secondary prevention of post-acute ischaemic heart disease and stroke (<$Int150 and <$Int230 per DALY averted in AfrE and SearD respectively); and retinopathy screening and glycaemic control for patients with diabetes (<$Int2100 and <$Int950 per DALY averted in AfrE and SearD respectively).This comparative economic assessment has identified a set of population-wide and individual strategies for prevention and control of cardiovascular disease that are inexpensive and cost effective in low resource settings.
Renal Vein Ligation
Authors: E. R. Jennings
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor:—  While standard textbooks describe in detail the syndrome associated with thrombosis of the renal vein, we have been able to find no report of the consequences of renal veinligation. We were pleasantly surprised by the lack of ill effects of such a procedure in the case reported below.  Report of a Case.—  A 16-year-old boy was admitted through the emergency room of the Glynn Brunswick Memorial Hospital, Brunswick, Ga, having shot himself in the epigastrium with a 22-caliber rifle a few minutes earlier. After the blood pressure was stabilized with intravenously administered fluids the abdomen was explored. Lacerated wounds of the left lobe of the liver and of the tail of the pancreas were found and repaired. A large hematoma in the space between the aorta and inferior vena cava was opened, with the discovery that the left renal vein and the right renal artery, where
Birth Injury and Method of Delivery
Authors: Thomas J. Benedetti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In May 1998, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a public health advisory to all practitioners who deliver babies. The advisory, entitled “Need for Caution When Using Vacuum Assisted Delivery Devices,”1 was based on reports to the FDA of 12 deaths and 9 serious injuries during vacuum deliveries in the preceding four years. In the 12 years before that period, much smaller numbers of such complications had been reported. The advisory noted the most serious complications of vacuum delivery — subgaleal hematoma and intracranial hemorrhage — and emphasized that vacuum devices should be used only for specific obstetrical indications. . . .
Hyperventilation Leading to Hallucinations
Authors: THOMAS E. ALLEN, BERTRAND AGUS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The authors present two cases in which hyperventilation repeatedly led to hallucinations. They consider possible mechanisms and discuss their implications for the understanding of hallucinatory phenomena in schizophrenics, normals, and members of primitive societies. Four factors may be significant in determining whether hallucinatory phenomena will occur and in which sensory modalities: 1) the neurological integration of the individual; 2) the cerebral-vascular reactivity and pattern; 3) local cerebral requirements for oxygen and the capacity for extraction of it; and 4) the respiratory rate and buildup in hyperventilation.
Abstract 5211: Regulation of SRC kinases by microRNA-3607 located in a frequently deleted locus in prostate cancer
Authors: Sharanjot Saini, Sumit Arora, Shahana Majid, Varahram Shahryari, Laura Z. Tabatabai, Soichiro Yamamura, Yuichiro Tanaka, Rajvir Dahiya, Guoren Deng
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Genomic studies suggest that deletions at chromosome (chr) 5q region (particularly chr5q14-q23) are frequent in prostate cancer, implicating this region in prostate carcinogenesis. However, the genes within this region are largely unknown. Here we report for the first time, the widespread attenuation of miR-3607 - a microRNA gene located at chr5q14 region- in prostate cancer. Expression analyses of miR-3607 in a clinical cohort of prostate cancer (PCa) specimens showed that miR-3607 is significantly attenuated and low miR-3607 partment of Urology, UCSF School of Mediacinehip and guidance. his guidance. expression is correlated with tumor progression and poor survival outcome in prostate cancer. Our analyses suggest that miR-3607 expression may be a clinically significant parameter with an associated diagnostic potential. We examined the functional significance of miR-3607 in prostate cancer cell lines and found that miR-3607 overexpression led to significantly decreased proliferation, apoptosis induction and decreased invasiveness. Further, our results suggest that miR-3607 directly represses oncogenic SRC family kinases, LYN and SRC, in prostate cancer. In view of our results, we propose that miR-3607 plays a tumor suppressive role in prostate cancer by regulating SRC kinases that in turn regulates prostate carcinogenesis. To our knowledge this is the first report that: (i) identifies a novel role for miR-3607 located in a frequently deleted region of prostate cancer and (ii) defines novel miRNA mediated regulation of SRC kinases in prostate cancer. Since SRC kinases play a central role in prostate cancer progression and metastasis and are attractive targets, this study has potential implications in the design of better therapeutic modalities for prostate cancer management. Citation Format: Sharanjot Saini, Sumit Arora, Shahana Majid, Varahram Shahryari, Laura Z. Tabatabai, Soichiro Yamamura, Yuichiro Tanaka, Rajvir Dahiya, Guoren Deng. Regulation of SRC kinases by microRNA-3607 located in a frequently deleted locus in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5211. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5211
Characterization of airway nitric oxide in allergic rhinitis: The effect of intranasal administration of <scp>l</scp>‐NAME
Authors: J. P. Palm, K. Alving, J. O. Lundberg
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Several studies have attempted to assess nasal nitric oxide (NO) levels in allergic rhinitis (AR). However, there seem to be differences in the results obtained. We therefore wanted to investigate this further by studying airway NO in AR and controls at several modalities, and also the effect of intranasal administration of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N G ‐nitro‐ l ‐arginine‐methyl ester·HCl ( l ‐NAME). Methods: Airway NO was determined through repeated measurements at three flow rates of air (0.5, 3, and 9 l/min), using a single‐breath method and a method of nasal aspiration, in 18 patients with birch pollen AR during season and in 18 controls. Results: Patients with AR were characterized by no difference in nasal but higher orally exhaled NO and a larger interindividual spread in nasal and orally exhaled NO compared to controls. We also found a greater reduction in nasal NO after l ‐NAME in patients compared to controls. Discussion: These results indicate that several factors determine the levels of nasal NO in rhinitis. NO production in the nasal mucosa of patients with AR may be upregulated. On the other hand, this increase could be counteracted by swelling of the mucosa and secretions resulting in impaired NO diffusion from, for example, the paranasal sinuses, where particularly high levels of NO have been found. Also, the high background levels of NO from constitutive sources in the nose may blunt smaller increases in mucosal NO output. Conclusion: It seems that the methods for measurement of nasal NO need to be improved and standardized before we can consider to use this test in monitoring inflammation in AR.
Alterations of the FLT3 gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia: association with diagnostic characteristics and analysis of clinical outcome in patients treated with the Italian AIDA protocol
Authors: NI Noguera, M Breccia, M Divona, D Diverio, V Costa, S De Santis, G Avvisati, MB Pinazzi, MC Petti, F Mandelli, F Lo Coco
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
Accuracy of treadmill testing in assessment of direct myocardial revascularization.
Authors: D R McConahay, M Valdes, B D McCallister, J E Crockett, R D Conn, W A Reed, D A Killen
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Near-maximal treadmill exercise tests (TET) performed at the time of coronary arteriography and bypass graft visualization an average of 13 months after direct myocardial revascularization were analyzed in 217 consecutive patients to assess the accuracy of the TET in predicting completeness of revascularization. TET results were correlated with bypass patency and extent of revascularization. Although conversion of a TET from an abnormal to a normal test or relief of TET-induced angina following surgery is closely correlated with bypass graft patency, the high incidence of normal exercise tests in the presence of residual coronary disease limits their usefulness in the individual postoperative patient in estimating the completeness of revascularization.
Talking to Cancer Patients and their Relatives
Authors: F. Calman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ann Faulkner, Peter Maguire Oxford University Press, pounds sterling15.95, pp 200 ISBN 0 19 261605 6

Apatient volunteered to me that she had been to see her general practitioner about a problem. “He's one of those modern sorts of doctor. You know: he talks to you.” Talking to patients, at least in the way that she meant, is a modern sort of thing. It didn't exist when I was a junior doctor in the early ‘70s. Patients were not usually told that they had cancer. We knew that patients in the United States were given information about their diagnosis and even took part in the …
Relative risk of knee chondrocalcinosis in siblings of index cases with pyrophosphate arthropathy
Authors: W Zhang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objectives:</b> To examine the genetic contribution to common, apparently sporadic, radiographic knee chondrocalcinosis (CC) and pyrophosphate arthropathy (PA). <b>Method:</b> (1) Design: radiographic sibling study. Comparison of the prevalences of knee CC and PA in siblings of index cases with PA with those in the community. (2) Subjects: 80 index cases with PA listed for total knee replacement; 122 of their siblings aged ⩾40 years; and 1729 participants from community knee pain surveys who had undergone knee radiographs. (3) Main outcome measure: odds ratios of knee CC and PA in siblings versus community participants. <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of knee CC was 13% (15/116) in the siblings and 6.9% (119/1727) in the community participants. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6 to 2.3. The main risk factors for knee CC were age, knee pain, and knee OA. The prevalence of knee PA was 7% (9/122) in the siblings and 3.4% (59/1729) among the community participants (aOR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.4 to 2.7). The main risk factors for PA were age and knee pain. The age, sex, and knee pain standardised prevalence of PA in the Nottingham community aged ⩾40 was 2.40%. <b>Conclusion:</b> The risk of knee CC and PA in siblings of index cases with PA is no higher than that in the general population. Although rare familial CC is recognised, this study suggests that no major genetic predisposition to CC occurs in common symptomatic knee OA.
PHASES OF THE PATHOLOGY OF APPENDICITIS.
Authors: WILLIAM CUTHBERTSON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The varied etiology of appendicitis and the present somewhat chaotic conception of it renders any unique case interesting, and constitutes a reason for the publication of the following cases: <h3>Case 1.</h3> —On June 9, 1897, I was called at 6 P.M. to see Mrs. W., 57 years of age, a large fleshy woman, who that morning was seized with colicky pains in the abdomen. Her temperature was 99 degrees F., pulse 96. The abdomen was generally tender, without any localization of pain. She had arteriosclerosis and complained of a cardiac irregularity which had troubled her for some years; otherwise personal and family history were good. June 10, temperature 100 degrees F.; pulse 104; pain more localized in right iliac region; bowels loose, having been moved by citrate of magnesium. June 11, temperature 101 degrees F.; pulse 108; localized tenderness in right iliac region. A sense of resistance over an area
Mouth to hand and back again? Could language have made those journeys?
Authors: Peter F. MacNeilage
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Corballis argues that language underwent two modality switches – from vocal to manual, then back to vocal. Speech has evolved a frame/content mode of organization whereby consonants and vowels (content) are placed into a syllable structure of frames (MacNeilage 1998). No homologue to this mode is present in sign language, raising doubt as to whether the proposed modality switches could have occurred.
Development of a liposomal nanoparticle formulation of 5-Fluorouracil for parenteral administration: Formulation design, pharmacokinetics and efficacy
Authors: Anitha M. Thomas, Anita I. Kapanen, Jennifer I Hare, Euan Ramsay, Katarina Edwards, Göran Karlsson, Marcel B. Bally
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Perioperative Mortality Following Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Mahmoud Malas, Isibor Arhuidese, Umair Qazi, James Black, Bruce Perler, Julie A. Freischlag
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Because of the restrictions applied to the conduct of randomized clinical trials, the risks reported in their comparison of open and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) may not be applicable to real-world vascular surgical practice. The magnitude of this deviation is indeterminate.To compare 30-day mortality from the recent Open Vs Endovascular Repair (OVER) Veterans Affairs Cooperative trial with results obtained from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) and to assess temporal trends in perioperative mortality.We analyzed data from 21,115 patients who received elective EVAR or open repair for asymptomatic infrarenal AAA between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011, in the NSQIP database. We used χ2 and t tests to compare perioperative mortality between groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze perioperative mortality, adjusting for age, sex, race, and comorbidities. The outcomes of the OVER trial were then compared with the national estimates obtained from the NSQIP.Death within 30 days of surgery.Perioperative mortality was 3.7% (95% CI, 3.2%-4.3%) after open repair and 1.3% (95% CI, 1.2%-1.5%) after EVAR. There was a 70% reduction in operative mortality after EVAR compared with open repair (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.30; 95% CI, 0.25-0.38; P < .001). Mortality was significantly lower in men compared with women (aOR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.92; P = .009). Thirty-day mortality in the NSQIP cohort was higher than that reported in the OVER trial for both EVAR and open repair (EVAR, 1.3% vs 0.2%; open, 3.7% vs 2.3%). There was an increase in the proportion of patients who received EVAR during the 7 years studied (65% in 2005 and 80% in 2011). There has been no significant decrease in perioperative mortality during these years (P > .05).Perioperative mortality reported by the OVER trial is significantly lower than outcomes from practices outside the restriction of randomized clinical trials. We attribute this difference to the fact that the OVER trial excluded high-risk patients deemed unfit for open repair. This finding supports the need for individualized assessment of risk and treatment selection for patients with infrarenal AAA. There has been no change in perioperative mortality after EVAR in recent years despite improvements in techniques, devices, and proficiency.
Postcoital Detection of a Male-Specific Semen Protein
Authors: Howard C.B. Graves, George F. Sensabaugh, Edward T. Blake
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Identification of semen in vaginal fluid may provide documentation of sexual contact in alleged victims of rape. We describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for a semen glycoprotein of prostatic origin, designated p30. This test detects as little as 3 ng of the p30 antigen per milliliter in various body fluids. Semen from normal and vasectomized men contains high levels of p30 (mean, 1.55 mg per milliliter of seminal plasma), and urine from men contains low levels (mean, 260 ng per milliliter). However, the antigen cannot be detected in body fluids from women, including vaginal fluid and urine, suggesting that p30 may be a male-specific antigen. The p30 antigen was detectable in vaginal fluid for a mean period of 27 hours after coitus, as compared with 14 hours for prostatic acid phosphatase. Of 27 vaginal fluid samples from women who were allegedly raped in which the acid phosphatase test was negative, 7 (26 per cent) were unequivocally positive for p30 by our assay. We conclude that the assay for p30 offers a more sensitive and specific method of semen detection in rape investigation than the enzyme assay for prostatic acid phosphatase. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312:338–43.)
Management of Increased Lead Absorption and Lead Poisoning in Children
Authors: J. Julian Chisolm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE primary aim of treatment for plumbism in children is the prevention of injury to the nervous system. In the long run, societal steps to minimize adventitious lead absorption will be needed to obtain this goal. In practice today, therapeutic intervention at the subclinical stage of lead poisoning and close follow-up observation during the preschool years can do much to prevent the severe forms of residual nervous-system injury. At least 25 per cent of young children with acute lead encephalopathy or recurrent but less severe clinical bouts of plumbism sustain permanent injury to the nervous system.1 2 3 Current chelation therapy started . . .
Fine needle biopsy: effect of needle size.
Authors: F Mutch
Journal: Gut (1987)

Fine needle biopsy: effect of needle size.SIR,-In their recent leading article, Hall-Craggs and Lees' stated that no single study comparing the diagnostic yield of different needle sizes was available.This is no longer correct.In a study of percutaneous pancreatic biopsy, Dickey et al2 reported on the sensitivity rate in pancreatic carcinoma using 22 and 20 gauge needles.The respective rates were 71.9% and 86-7%.The overall diagnostic rates for all types of pancreatic lesions were 61-8% and 73-3%.A 19 gauge sheathed needle was used for lesions with fluid or necrotic debris where a pseudocyst was a possibility.The overall diagnostic accuracy of the 19 gauge needle was 81*8%.No case of pancreatic carcinoma was biopsied using the no 19 needle.Furthermore, several studies have attested to the value of combining cytology with histology in the diagnosis of hepatic malignancy.36These reports have indicated that in 12-15% of cases the cyto- logical specimen alone is positive.Fine needle aspiration is of particular value in the identification of hepatic metastases.Large needle biopsy has a success rate in metastatic liver disease ranging from 23-78% but the higher percentages apply only to cases with extensive liver involvement.7In a study by Conn and Yesner, where involvement by hepatic metastases was 'minimal', double liver biopsy using a Vim-Silverman needle yielded positive results in only 20% of cases.In a small personal series of cases of metastatic liver carcinoma corresponding to Conn and Yesner's 'minimal' involvement group, ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration yielded positive results in 72% of cases (unpublished observations).The vast majority of false negatives occurred at the very beginning of the series.There were no false positives.Clearly fine needle aspiration has a definite role to play in the diagnosis of malignancy, either alone, or in combination with large needle biopsy.