tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neoplastic Transformations in C3H Mouse Embryonic Tissue &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; Determined by Intraocular Growth. I. Cells From Chemically Defined Medium With and Without Serum Supplement
Authors: Virginia J. Evans, George A. Parker, Thelma B. Dunn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Tissue from minced C3H mouse embryos was cultured in both chemically defined medium NCTC 109 alone and supplemented with 10 percent v/v horse serum. In the serum-supplemented medium, in vitro neoplastic transformations were biologically verified by intraocular and intramuscular implants of three series of the tissue. The cells used for implants were cultivated for 28 to 541 days. Cells of the first series cultured for 176 days produced grossly observable growths. The second and third series required 147 and 124 days, although histologically a fibrosarcoma was obtained from cells of the second series only 121 days in vitro. On implantation, cells 117 days in vitro in the third series failed to produce tumors; apparently an alteration occurred within 1 week. The ability of cells to produce tumors was preceded by an increased rate of proliferation in cultures. These tumors were composed predominantly of fusiform cells and occasionally had inclusions of cartilage and bone. Because fusiform fibroblastic cells predominated, the tumors were designated fibrosarcomas. The period between implantation of cells from cultures and appearance of the tumors shortened with increased time in vitro. Several tumor transplants produced rapidly growing fibrosarcomas within 13 to 145 days. Cultures grown on chemically defined medium NCTC 109 alone have been kept alive in vitro over 19 months. No progressively growing tumors appeared from a limited number of intraocular implants from these cultures. Early resorption or small growths occurred; these adhered to the cornea for a short period and then slowly regressed. Some sections showed small areas of ossification, but no neoplastic areas were observed. The reproducibility of time of occurrence and nature of the response in this study suggests the suitability of the system for pursuing studies of neoplastic transformations in vitro.
The Economic Impact of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Review
Authors: Tejaswi Mudigonda, Daniel J. Pearce, Brad A. Yentzer, Phillip Williford, Steven R. Feldman
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer in the United States. Cost of NMSC care primarily depends on 2 factors: care settings and treatment modalities. However, the cost efficacy of NMSC care has been insufficiently addressed in previous literature. Therefore, this article evaluates available research on the cost implications to compare the costs associated with treatment within different care settings and specialties involved, and to assess the costs of different treatment modalities with respect to procedure type, tumor size, and tumor location. This evaluation showed that physician-office settings provided the lowest cost per episode of care ($492) and were the dominant setting for NMSC care; dermatologists managed most NMSC episodes and used a wider range of treatment options than other specialists. Regarding treatment modalities, Mohs micrographic surgery was shown to be similar in cost to traditional surgical excision with permanent sections and was less costly than excision with frozen sections. Electrodessication and curettage and imiquimod were also reported to be inexpensive treatments. Furthermore, a positive correlation was seen between cost and tumor size for any particular treatment modality. Given these comparisons, and the rising incidence of NMSC and potential legislative measures to regulate office-based procedures, it is important to preserve the low-cost management of this disease.
Structural similarities of human and mammalian lipocalins, and their function in innate immunity and allergy
Authors: E. Jensen‐Jarolim, L.F. Pacios, R. Bianchini, G. Hofstetter, F. Roth‐Walter
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Owners and their domestic animals via skin shedding and secretions, mutually exchange microbiomes, potential pathogens and innate immune molecules. Among the latter especially lipocalins are multifaceted: they may have an immunomodulatory function and, furthermore, they represent one of the most important animal allergen families. The amino acid identities, as well as their structures by superposition modeling were compared among human lipocalins, hLCN1 and hLCN2, and most important animal lipocalin allergens, such as Can f 1, Can f 2 and Can f 4 from dog, Fel d 4 from cats, Bos d 5 from cow's milk, Equ c 1 from horses, and Mus m 1 from mice, all of them representing major allergens. The β-barrel fold with a central molecular pocket is similar among human and animal lipocalins. Thereby, lipocalins are able to transport a variety of biological ligands in their highly conserved calyx-like cavity, among them siderophores with the strongest known capability to complex iron (Fe(3+) ). Levels of human lipocalins are elevated in nonallergic inflammation and cancer, associated with innate immunoregulatory functions that critically depend on ligand load. Accordingly, deficient loading of lipocalin allergens establishes their capacity to induce Th2 hypersensitivity. Our similarity analysis of human and mammalian lipocalins highlights their function in innate immunity and allergy.
Abstract 15840: Clinical Predictors of Heart Failure with Preserved vs Reduced Ejection Fraction: Data from the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Jennifer E Ho, Douglas S Lee, Philimon Gona, Michael J Pencina, Ramachandran S Vasan, William B Kannel, Ralph B D'Agostino, Daniel Levy
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Heart failure (HF) is a major growing public health burden in the US. Of patients presenting with HF, 30–55% are estimated to have HF with preserved, rather than reduced ejection fraction (HFPEF vs HFREF). We sought to evaluate clinical risk factors that might classify patients with new-onset HF into HFREF vs HFPEF, a distinction that may have important therapeutic implications when cardiac imaging is not immediately available.   Methods:  We examined clinical, laboratory, and EKG characteristics of Framingham Heart Study original and offspring cohort participants, who were hospitalized for initial HF event between 1981–2008. Left ventricular EF was determined by echocardiogram or ventriculogram, and HF was classified as HFPEF (>45%) or HFREF (   Results:  Of 986 participants with initial HF hospitalization, 834 underwent evaluation of LVEF, and 712 had non-missing covariates. HFPEF occurred in 46%, and HFREF in 54%. Participants with HFPEF were more likely to be female and have atrial fibrillation, and those with HFREF were more likely to have a history of coronary heart disease (CHD), left bundle branch block (LBBB), and ischemic EKG changes. In a multivariable model, female sex, CHD, heart rate, potassium level, atrial fibrillation, LBBB, and ischemic EKG changes were distinguishing features of HFPEF vs HFREF (see Table). The final risk prediction model had good discrimination (C-statistic 0.78) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square statistic 7.46, p=0.49).   Conclusions:  Clinical characteristics on HF presentation differed in many regards in participants with HFPEF vs HFREF. These distinctions may provide important insights into pathophysiological differences, and may help distinguish HFPEF vs HFREF when cardiac imaging is not immediately available.
Baseline Hemoglobin-A1c Impacts Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Katherine Y. Fan, Avani S. Dholakia, Aaron T. Wild, Zheng Su, Amy Hacker-Prietz, Rachit Kumar, Mary Hodgin, Charles C. Hsu, Dung T. Le, Ana De Jesus-Acosta, Luis A. Diaz, Daniel A. Laheru, Ralph H. Hruban, Elliot K. Fishman, Todd D. Brown, Timothy M. Pawlik, Christopher L. Wolfgang, Phuoc T. Tran, Joseph M. Herman
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

An association between diabetes mellitus and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has long been recognized. This article assesses the effect of the baseline hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c) value on the clinical outcomes of patients with PDA. HbA1c values were prospectively collected on 656 consecutive patients presenting to a pancreas multidisciplinary cancer clinic from 2009 to 2012. Patients were diagnosed with benign pancreatic disease (BPD) or biopsy-confirmed resectable (R), borderline/locally advanced (BL), or metastatic (M) PDA. Excluded were those with prior treatment for PDA or a history of chronic diabetes mellitus (>1-year or unknown duration), resulting in a final cohort of 284 patients. Of 284 patients, 44 had benign disease, 62 had R-PDA, 115 had BL-PDA, and 63 had M-PDA. Patients with malignant disease (R-, BL-, and M-PDA) collectively had a higher average HbA1c value than patients with BPD (6.1% vs 5.6%; P<.001). Among patients with PDA (n=240), HbA1c values of 6.5% or greater were significantly associated with inferior overall survival (OS) compared with patients with HbA1c values less than 6.5% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.74; OS, 10.2 vs 13.0 months; P=.007), along with other known prognostic factors, such as age of 65 years or older, ECOG performance status of 1 or greater, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level greater than 90, tumor size larger than 3 cm, and disease stage. HbA1c values of 6.5% or greater remained in the final predictive model using backward elimination (HR, 1.46; P=.097), indicating that HbA1c values of 6.5% or greater influence OS of patients with PDA even when accounting for other known prognostic factors. HbA1c level at presentation is significantly higher in patients with PDA than patients with BPD and seems to affect survival.
Asthma control (AC) 1 year after pulmonary rehabilitation (PR)
Authors: Heidrun Lingner, David Scheub, Nino Djahangiri, Michael Wittmann, Konrad Schultz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Only sparse data exist on the effectiveness of PR in asthma concerning AC. Therefore we conducted a prospective observational study to determine the effect of a 3 week inpatient-PR on AC.   Methods:  From May to September 2009 all asthma patients of a pulmonary rehabilitation clinic were asked to participate in the study. 201 out of 242 participated (83%). 42.3% were female, mean age 48.4 y, 59.6% suffered from asthma GINA grade 3-4. Obligate components of PR were patient education, physical training, breathing retraining and psychosocial support. Primary outcome was AC (asthma control test, ACT), which was assessed at beginning of PR (T0), at discharge (T1), and 3 (T2), 6 (T3) and 12 months (T4) post PR. The three latter were delivered by mail. 83.5% (T2), 88.0% (T3) and 72.6% (T4) of the patients answered. Secondary short-time outcomes were 6MWD and FeNO, which were measured at the beginning of PR (T0) and at discharge (T1).   Results  (mean±sd):  act score:  T0 16.0±5.2; T1 20.5±4.0*; T2 18.9±4.7*; T3 18.1±4.8*; T4 18.4±4.9*.  6MWD:  T0 495.9±94.6m; T1 554.0±97.0m*.  FeNO:  T0 36.0±38.8ppb; T1 23.3±18.8ppb* (*p values    Discussion:  The mean ACT score at baseline was 16.0 (of 25), indicating an uncontrolled asthma, while the mean score post PR was 20.5, e.g. indicating sufficient AC. Even after 1 year the mean ACT score of 18.4 indicates a significant improvement of AC. The proportion of patients with sufficient AC (ACT 20 - 25) increased from 33.2% to 67.4% after PR and was still 51% after 1 year.   Conclusion:  PR lengthens the 6-MWD, reduces FeNO (significant improvement in both) and improves asthma control least for one year.
Identification of pneumococcal serotypes from culture-negative clinical specimens by novel real-time PCR
Authors: D. Tarragó, A. Fenoll, D. Sánchez-Tatay, L.A. Arroyo, C. Muñoz-Almagro, C. Esteva, W.P. Hausdorff, J. Casal, I. Obando
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2008)
P79 Hepatitis E virus is highly endemic in South West France
Authors: H Dalton, J M Mansuy, R Bendall, F Legrand-Abravanel, J P Calot, N Kamar, M Miedouge, V Ellis, H Rech, F Destruel, H R Dalton, J Izopet
Journal: Gut (2010)

Introduction  Locally acquired hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an emerging infection in developed countries. South West France has a high incidence of HEV and has reported a large number of chronic cases of HEV infection. We previously estimated the HEV seroprevalence in blood donors in Midi-Pyrenees to be 16.6%, very much higher than the rate seen in Northern France (3.2%). However, comparison between seroprevalence studies is difficult. There is no gold-standard for measuring HEV antibodies and commercial assays vary in performance. A recent study has suggested poor sensitivity in a commonly used HEV IgG assay, which underestimates seroprevalence by a factor of 4.51. Since this assay was used in our previous study of HEV seroprevalence in Midi-Pyrenees, we repeated the study using a more sensitive assay previously validated against sera from cases of HEV genotype 3 infection.  Aim  To re-examine the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG using a sensitive, validated assay.  Method  Sera from 512 blood donors (aged 18–65 yrs) and 50 children (aged 2–4 yrs) were tested for anti-HEV IgG (Wantai, Beijing, China). Demographic data and putative risk factors for HEV acquisition were collected using a structured questionnaire.  Results  The HEV seroprevalence in blood donors was 52.5%. 63.1% of donors from rural areas and 42.9% of donors from urban ones were positive for anti-HEV IgG (p  Conclusion  HEV is highly endemic in South West France, and the seroprevalence approaches that found in many developing countries where HEV is endemic. Seroepidemiological studies of hepatitis E which use less sensitive assays may not produce a valid assessment of the relevant risk factors.
Impulse oscillometry (IOS) vs plethismographic methods to detect PD20 in the methacholine challenge test
Authors: Egidio Beretta, Manuela Bartesagni, Andrea Aliverti, Simona Perossi, Gabriele Simone Grasso, Francesco Tana, Giuseppe Miserocchi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Methacholine challenge (MCh) test is the standard method used to unravel bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Airways resistance (Raw) is commonly measured with body- plethysmograph in addition to FEV 1.  The test is considered positive when a 20% decrease in FEV 1  (provocative dose, PD20) is reached. We aimed at investigating whether respiratory impedance (Zrs) provides more sensible indexes, compared to Raw in detecting changes in bronchomotor tone.   Methods:  20 subjects underwent saline aerosol bolus (baseline) followed by MCh (50 up to 2400 μg). After each dose we measured: 1) respiratory impedance (Zrs, at impulse frequency from 1 to 35 Hz) and corresponding values of respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs); 2) Raw and FEV 1 .   Results:  Fig. 1A shows that Xrs decreased at all frequencies at the methacholine dose preceding PD20 and even more at a dose higher than PD20. Due to the change in Xrs at low frequencies and to the increase in resonance frequency (fres), we considered the so called area of reactance (AXrs) as defined in Fig. 1B. We found that AXrs correlates significantly with Raw through an exponential function (Y= 0.1e 3.4X ), indicating that the growth in AXrs is larger than that of Raw, on increasing MCh.   Conclusion:  Determination of AXrs through impulse oscillometry is more sensible than Raw and FEV 1  to assess the increase in airway resistance during MCh.
Phase II Study of Vinorelbine in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Jeremy P. C. Steele, Jonathan Shamash, Marie T. Evans, Nicole H. Gower, Marc D. Tischkowitz, Robin M. Rudd
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the response rate and impact on quality of life of vinorelbine given as cycles of 30 mg/m 2 weekly for 6 weeks to patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with histologically proven malignant pleural mesothelioma were enrolled (26 male patients and three female patients; median age, 58 years [range, 29 to 77 years]). Seventeen patients had epithelioid tumors, two had sarcomatoid tumors, and 10 had biphasic tumors. The International Mesothelioma Interest Group staging system was used: one patient had stage Ib disease, 10 had stage II disease, eight had stage III disease, and 10 had stage IV disease. Patients were treated with weekly injections of vinorelbine 30 mg/m 2 . A cycle consisted of six weekly injections. The new guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors were used. Responses were measured by spiral computed tomography scan. RESULTS: All twenty-nine patients had measurable disease and were assessed for response. There were seven partial responses (24% [95% confidence interval, 10% to 44%]), 16 patients had stable disease (55%), and six patients had disease progression on therapy (21%). The median number of vinorelbine injections was 12 (range, 2 to 30). Quality-of-life analyses showed a benefit for vinorelbine therapy. CONCLUSION: Vinorelbine shows promise in the palliation of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. The relatively low toxicity of the drug suggests that trials of vinorelbine in combination with other agents should be feasible.
Lack of β&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-Microglobulin on the Surface of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D Cohen, A Shalev, M Krup
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

beta 2-Microglobulin (beta 2m) expression on the cell surface of the naturally occurring, allotransplantable canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) was investigated by use of indirect membrane immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay. Two cell populations were identified in animal-derived, collagenase-disaggregated TVT cell suspensions. About 80% of the cells lacked surface beta 2m expression, whereas about 20% of the cells strongly reacted with anti-dog beta 2m serum. With the use of a cell separation technique, beta 2m-negative cells were demonstrated to carry TVT markers on their surface, whereas the beta 2m-positive cells did not express the tumor markers. The beta 2m-positive cells seemed, therefore, to be tumor-infiltrating host cells. These findings were supported by fluorescence staining studies of frozen sections of the TVT. The lack of beta 2m expression on the surface of TVT cells might explain the allotransplantability of this neoplasm, since beta 2m expression on the cell surface appeared to be obligatory for the expression of class I major histocompatibility complex antigens.
Antibody-induced Desensitization of the Insulin Receptor
Authors: Carl Grunfeld, Emmanuel Van Obberghen, F. Anders Karlsson, C. Ronald Kahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Antibodies against the insulin receptor (Anti-R), which are found in the serum of type B patients with the syndrome of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans, inhibit the binding of insulin to its receptor and mimic the actions of insulin when studied acutely in vitro. After prolonged exposure of 3T3-L1 cells to Anti-R, the insulinomimetic activity is lost, and the cells show a marked decrease in their maximal response to insulin (antibody-induced desensitization), thus providing a model for the insulin resistance seen in vivo. This study explores in detail the mechanism and specificity of desensitization in 3T3-L1 cells.Desensitization, like the insulinomimetic activity of Anti-R, requires bivalence. Monovalent preparations of Anti-R inhibit insulin binding and shift the insulin biological dose-response curve to the right, but do not decrease the maximal insulin response. The affinity of monovalent Anti-R is less than that of the native antibody. Cross-linking of monovalent Anti-R reconstitutes its insulinomimetic activity and partially reconstitutes desensitization. Desensitized cells are resistant to the insulinomimetic actions of concanavalin A, which interacts with the insulin receptor, but are not desensitized to spermine and vitamin K(5), insulinomimetic agents that are thought to act independently of the insulin receptor. Glucose, pyruvate, or certain hexoses are required in the incubation media for desensitization to occur. Although Anti-R is taken up into cells and degraded by lysosomes, chloroquine, cycloheximide, colchicine, and cytochalasin E have little influence on the induction of or recovery from antibody-induced desensitization. These data suggest that desensitization is not merely due to the inhibition of insulin binding, but is a complex process involving a decreased ability of the receptor to generate a biological response.
Pet shop workers: exposure, sensitization, and work-related symptoms
Authors: A. Renström, M. Olsson, M. Hedrén, S. G. O. Johansson, M. van Hage
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: Renström A, Olsson M, Hedrén M, Johansson SGO, van Hage M. Pet shop workers: exposure, sensitization, and work-related symptoms. Allergy 2011; 66: 1081–1087. Background: Allergy to laboratory animals is a well-known occupational hazard. The aim was to investigate the frequency of allergic sensitization and respiratory symptoms among pet shop staff and to document their work environment. Methods: Subjects (n = 59) from 24 pet shops were investigated with a questionnaire and lung function tests and skin prick tests against a panel of common inhalant and pet shop allergens. Blood samples were taken for immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgE antibodies against Phadiatop and specific pet shop allergens. Personal airborne rodent allergen (n = 40) and endotoxin exposure (n = 40) was measured during work. Airborne rodent allergens were also collected using petri dishes at work (n = 40) and at home (n = 45). Results: Fifty-three percent reported nasal symptoms, 34% eye symptoms, and 22% had experienced symptoms indicating asthma. However, only four workers (7%) were previously diagnosed with asthma. One-third reported respiratory symptoms at work, mostly against rodents, birds, insects, and hay, and 29% were sensitized to work-related allergens, mainly rodents and fodder insects, e.g., Zophobas. Atopy and total IgE > 100 kU/l increased prevalence of pet shop sensitization [prevalence ratio (PR) 17 and 5.5, respectively], and atopy increased work-related symptoms (PR 3.2). Endotoxin levels were similar between shops with and without rodents. Exposure to animals outside of work was extensive. Conclusions: A third of the pet shop workers reported airway symptoms at work or were sensitized, sometimes to unusual pet shop allergens, especially among atopics. The findings stress the importance of improving the knowledge of health risks and allergen avoidance measures among pet shop staff.
Pathologic Issues in the Treatment of Endoscopically Removed Malignant Colorectal Polyps
Authors: Harry S. Cooper
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2007)

Endoscopically removed malignant colorectal polyps are early stage cancers for which treatment depends on histopathologic findings. For accurate pathologic evaluation, the polyps should be received in 1 piece because margins cannot be accurately assessed in fragmented polyps. Polyps with grade I or II cancer, no lymphovascular invasion, and a negative resection margin can be successfully treated with endoscopic polypectomy, whereas those with grade III cancer, lymphovascular invasion, or a positive or close margin require definitive surgical resection after endoscopic polypectomy. Potentially new significant parameters for patient management are depth of invasion and tumor budding. The pathology report must be clear and concise, indicating all relevant important parameters. The pathologist must differentiate invasive adenocarcinoma from intramucosal adenocarcinoma and pseudo-invasion.