tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ADULT NUTRITIONAL STATUS ASSESSMENT: CROSS SECTIONAL FOLLOW UP STUDY IN A UNITED KINGDOM HOSPITAL
Authors: D Shah, S Dhanjal, S Lunt, C Cussens, S Kadri
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Malnutrition in hospital is widely under-recognised (1). In 2011 a cross sectional study was carried out into nutritional status assessments at a UK District General Hospital. Out of 100 patients only 55% had a MUST (Malnutritional Universal Screening Tool) assessment on admission. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> Following the implementation of trust-wide training, monthly spot checks and detailed guidelines on nutrition management, a follow up study was conducted to assess the impact of these changes on nutritional care. <h3>Method</h3> Ten patients were randomly selected from the same ten wards used in the initial study, encompassing Medicine, Care of the Elderly and Surgery. For each patient, completion of MUST assessments, nutrition care plans, food and fluid charts were recorded. One ward was excluded from the study due to an outbreak of norovirus which led to ward closure. The data was analysed using Microsoft Excel. <h3>Results</h3> 73% (66/90) of patients had MUST assessments on admission compared with 55% previously. Of these, 32% were deemed medium (9/66) or high risk (12/66) for malnutrition. Of these ‘at risk’ patients, 57% (12/21) and 62% (13/21) had fully completed food and fluid charts respectively, compared with 59% and 59% previously. Only 57% had nutrition care plans daily. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Whilst there was an improvement in the number of completed MUST assessment on admission, there was no change in the number of fully completed food and fluid charts for those patients at risk of malnutrition. The aim of these on-going assessments is to identify ‘at-risk’ patients on admission, optimise nutrition early, and try to reduce complication rates, length of stay, and mortality rates across the Trust (2). The results of this six month follow-up are positive but further cycles of training and reiteration of the importance of nutritional assessment are required. There will be ongoing audits arranged by the nutrition team and nursing staff to assess clinical indicators for fluid and nutrition, based on guidance from Essence of Care, NICE Guidelines, and Trust Guidelines.
P2-236: Phase II pharmacogenomic trial of IV vinorelbine (V), gemcitabine (G) and cisplatin (P) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Preliminary results of efficacy and safety
Authors: Isidoro Barneto, Antonio Rueda, Reyes Bernabe, Begoña Medina, Manuel Noguer, Alvaro Montaño
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Chronicle From Aldgate: Life and Death in Shakespeare's London
Authors: Joan Titley
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The "short lease" and "failing mansion" of the Elizabethan Londoner described metaphorically by Shakespeare is documented by Dr. Forbes from Parish records of St. Botolph without Aldgate. In these unpublished records dating from 1558 to 1625, the clerks included, along with christenings, marriages, and burials, much information on causes of deaths, ages at death, occupations as well as considerable editorializing on the good deeds and the frailties of the parish members. Dr. Forbes, professor of anatomy at Yale University School of Medicine, describes in the first three chapters the records and the clerks who kept them, the population of the parish by age, occupation, and life span. Three more chapters are devoted to describing and analyzing causes of death: disease, accident and violence, and the plague. "Con", meaning convulsion or consumption, is the frustrating reference to the most common cause of death after the plague. He shows society's method of
Genetic Variation in Alcohol Dehydrogenase and the Beneficial Effect of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lisa M. Hines, Meir J. Stampfer, Jing Ma, J. Michael Gaziano, Paul M. Ridker, Susan E. Hankinson, Frank Sacks, Eric B. Rimm, David J. Hunter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

A polymorphism in the gene for alcohol dehydrogenase type 3 (ADH3 ) alters the rate of alcohol metabolism. We investigated the relation among the ADH3 polymorphism, the level of alcohol consumption, and the risk of myocardial infarction in a nested case–control study based on data from the prospective Physicians' Health Study.
Reduction in defibrillation shocks with a device combining anttachycardia pacing, cardioversion and defibrillation
Authors: Jamas W. Leitch, Anne M. Gillis, D.George Wyse, George J. Klein, Raymond Yee, Gerard M. Guiraudon, Robert S Sheldon, Henry J. Duff, Teresa M. Kieser, L.Brent Mitchell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Relative activity of atenolol and metoprolol.
Authors: M B Comerford, E M Besterman
Journal: BMJ (1977)

were not treated at Hammersmith Hospital.This feature of the trial arose from the collaboration with other hospitals to ensure an adequate total intake.When a patient, first seen at another hospital, was allocated at random to receive conventional treatment it was often difficult to justify giving that treatment at Hammersmith rather than at the hospital of origin.A comparison of the response of patients treated with photons at Hammersmith with those patients in the neutron series who would have received their treatment at Hammer- smith, whichever form of treatment had been selected, was included in the first report on the trial.'The findings in this subtrial at Septem- ber 1976 were as shown in the accompanying table.The findings in the subtrial are similar Findings in subtrial of neutron and photon treatment at September 1976 Neutron Photon series series (n = 20) (n = 25) Local control of tumour: No with continued complete regression 18 5 No with complete regression followed by recurrence 8 No with no or incomplete regression 2 12 Survival: °, alive at 1 year (actuarial) 54 38 Additional treatment for suspected residual disease: 3 No given radiotherapy No treated surgically 3 No with severe complications in larynx or pharynx 3 1Mean time-dosefactor (TDF)
Splenectomy in Three Cases of Myelophthisic Anaemia
Authors: C. Merskey, O. E. Budtz-Olsen
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Myelophthisic anaemia, a comprehensive term denoting anaemia associated with reduced cell formation by the bone marrow and compensatory haemopoiesis in other organs, is generally accepted as the one absolute contra- indication to splenectomy.The spleen is regarded as the main focus of the extramedullary haemopoiesis, and therefore essential for the maintenance of the patient's life.This paper describes three patients with myelophthisic anaemia in whom splenectomy was performed.One of them benefited greatly from the operation, one temporarily, whilst the third, although not improved, did not appear to be materially harmed.It is sug- gested that the improvement caused by the splenectomy was due to the removal of an important haemolytic component of the anaemia.Case 1 A white man aged 31 complained of having felt tired at the end of the daN-'s work for a few weeks before coming to hospital in February, 1950.Food " felt too hard for his stomach," and on several occasions he vomited immediately after a meal.There was no blood in the vomit.His appetite diminished, but he noticed no loss of weight.During the five days before admission he felt increasingly weak and had three attacks of shivering and sweating.Since
Further Notes on Consent for Autopsy
Authors: Neil L. Chayet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts has just decided one of the rare cases involving a suit by next of kin for alleged misconduct in connection with the body of their relative.1 Four sons of the deceased sued an undertaker for $100,000 in damages allegedly suffered because of the "unlawful burial" of the deceased.The court upheld what amounted to a dismissal of the suit, stating that:The Plaintiffs standing rests on the statement that they are "next of kin" to the decedent, and therefore have the right to possession of the decedent's body. That right rests, however, in the . . .
TCT-595 Location of Side Branch Access Critically Affects Results in Bifurcation Stenting: Insights From In-vitro Modeling and Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Nicolas Foin, Eduardo Alegria, Ryo Torii, Matteo Ghione, Sayan Sen, Sukhjinder S. Nijjer, Ricardo Petraco, Christopher Broyd, Chrysa A. Kousera, Justin E. Davies, Carlo Di Mario
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Endothelin-3 induces hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes by the endogenous endothelin-1-mediated mechanism.
Authors: M Tamamori, H Ito, S Adachi, H Akimoto, F Marumo, M Hiroe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We have recently reported that endothelin-1 (ET-1) mediates angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes as an autocrine/paracrine factor. In the present study, we examined whether endothelin-3 (ET-3) induces hypertrophy of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and whether endogenous ET-1 mediates this effect. ET-3 (10(-7) M) increased the cell surface area of cardiomyocytes after 48 h. ET-3 dose dependently (10(-9)-10(-7) M) stimulated protein synthesis as evaluated by [3H]leucine incorporation; the maximum response was 1.4-fold increase over the control at 10(-7) M. Since the response of cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by enhanced expression of fetal isoforms of muscle specific genes, the effect of ET-3 on steady state levels of mRNA for skeletal alpha-actin was evaluated by Northern blot analysis. ET-3 (10(-9)-10(-7) M) increased mRNA level for skeletal alpha-actin with a maximum response after 6 h. ET-3-induced [3H]leucine incorporation, skeletal alpha-actin mRNA and cell surface area were inhibited by a synthetic ETB receptor antagonist (BQ788). Interestingly, ET-3-induced skeletal alpha-actin gene expression and [3H]leucine incorporation were inhibited by a synthetic ETA receptor antagonist (BQ123) as well as by antisense oligonucleotides against peproET-1 mRNA. ET-3 (10(-7) M) transiently increased mRNA levels for ET-1 peaking at 30 min and stimulated the release of immunoreactive ET-1 from cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that endogenous ET-1 locally generated and secreted by cardiomyocytes may contribute to ET-3-induced cardiac hypertrophy as an autocrine/paracrine factor.
Coronary heart disease mortality among young adults in Scotland in relation to social inequalities: time trend study
Authors: M. O'Flaherty, J. Bishop, A. Redpath, T. McLaughlin, D. Murphy, J. Chalmers, S. Capewell
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To examine recent trends and social inequalities in age specific coronary heart disease mortality.Time trend analysis using joinpoint regression.Scotland, 1986-2006.Men and women aged 35 years and over.Age adjusted and age, sex, and deprivation specific coronary heart disease mortality.Persistent sixfold social differentials in coronary heart disease mortality were seen between the most deprived and the most affluent groups aged 35-44 years. These differentials diminished with increasing age but equalised only above 85 years. Between 1986 and 2006, overall, age adjusted coronary heart disease mortality decreased by 61% in men and by 56% in women. Among middle aged and older adults, mortality continued to decrease fairly steadily throughout the period. However, coronary heart disease mortality levelled from 1994 onwards among young men and women aged 35-44 years. Rates in men and women aged 45-54 showed similar flattening from about 2003. Rates in women aged 55-64 may also now be flattening. The flattening of coronary heart disease mortality in younger men and women was confined to the two most deprived fifths.Premature death from coronary heart disease remains a major contributor to social inequalities. Furthermore, the flattening of the decline in mortality for coronary heart disease among younger adults may represent an early warning sign. The observed trends were confined to the most deprived groups. Marked deterioration in medical management of coronary heart disease seems implausible. Unfavourable trends in the major risk factors for coronary heart disease (smoking and poor diet) thus provide the most likely explanation for these inequalities.
Review: High-dose and non–high-dose proton pump inhibitors after endoscopic treatment do not differ for bleeding peptic ulcers
Authors: Walter L. Peterson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Wang CH, Ma MH, Chou HC, et al. High-dose vs non-high-dose proton pump inhibitors after endoscopic treatment in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:751-8. 20458081
122 ANTIGEN SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSES TO HCV PROMOTE HEPATIC STELLATE CELL FIBROGENESIS AND ICAM-1 EXPRESSION
Authors: A.J. Fowell, L.B. Murphy, S. Johal, C.L. Brooks, A.E. Semper, C.R. Brooks, W.M.C. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Suicidal Behavior After Restoration of Sight
Authors: David Lester
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  Fitzgerald 1 has documented the emotional response of people to loss of sight and noted that suicidal ideation was common in these individuals. I have argued that certain kinds of changes which superficially appear to be positive changes may also lead to negative emotional reactions ( Psychol Rep , to be published). If a circumstance that was formerly held responsible for the person's misery is removed, then internalization of blame and self-destructive behavior may be more likely to occur. One of the changes possibly increasing self-destructive behavior is restoration of sight to those formerly blind. However, I have not been able to find evidence to document this particular assertion. If any reader knows of published work or has unpublished data relevant to this assertion, I would very much appreciate receiving details.
ASEPTIC IRRITATIVE PHLEBITIS FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF SODIUM SALT OF TETRABROMPHENOLPHTHALEIN
Authors: Frank Smithies
Journal: JAMA (1925)

On the publication of Drs. Graham and Cole<sup>1</sup>of their method of intravenous injection of the calcium salt of tetrabromphenolphthalein in order to develop a biliary tract opacity for roentgenographic observation, we tested the procedure and reported a series of cases.<sup>2</sup>Our observations corroborated their findings. In our report we stated that we had seen no evidences of toxicity in the employment of the calcium salt and, indeed, our later practice would not cause us to alter this statement so far as the calcium salt is concerned. When, however, in accordance with the more recent suggestion of Graham and Cole,<sup>3</sup>we used the sodium salt of tetrabromphenolphthalein, we encountered two patients who responded in so unsatisfactory a manner and caused us so much anxiety throughout their clinical courses that we have thought it advisable to report our experience. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —In the spring of
Requirement of <scp>M</scp>y<scp>D</scp>88 and <scp>F</scp>as pathways for the efficacy of allergen‐free immunotherapy
Authors: D. M. Fonseca, P. F. Wowk, M. O. Paula, A. F. Gembre, M. D. Baruffi, M. L. Fermino, W. M. Turato, L. W. Campos, C. L. Silva, S. G. Ramos, C. Horn, G. Marchal, L. K. Arruda, M. Russo, V. L. D. Bonato
Journal: Allergy (2014)

We have shown that mycobacterial antigens and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides downmodulate airway allergic inflammation by mechanisms dependent on T-cell activation. Here, we investigated the participation of the innate response, particularly the role of MyD88 adaptor, and Fas molecules in the effectiveness of DNA-HSP65 or CpG/culture filtrated proteins (CFP) immunotherapy.Mice sensitized and challenged with Der p 1 allergen were treated with DNA-HSP65, CpG/CFP, or with adoptively transferred cells from immunized mice. The treatment efficacy was assessed by evaluating eosinophil recruitment, antibody, and cytokine production.In addition to downregulating the Th2 response, DNA-HSP65 and CpG/CFP promoted IL-10 and IFN-γ production. Adoptive transfer of cells from mice immunized with DNA-HSP65 or CpG/CFP to allergic recipients downmodulated the allergic response. Notably, transfer of cells from DNA-HSP65- or CpG/CFP-immunized MyD88(-/-) mice failed to reduce allergy. Additionally, for effective reduction of allergy by cells from CpG/CFP-immunized mice, Fas molecules were required. Although DNA-HSP65 or CpG/CFP immunization stimulated antigen-specific production of IFN-γ and IL-10, the effect of DNA-HSP65 was associated with IL-10 while CpG/CFP was associated with IFN-γ. Moreover, after stimulation with mycobacterial antigens plus Der p 1 allergen, cells from mite-allergic patients with asthma exhibited similar patterns of cytokine production as those found in the lung of treated mice.This study provides new insights on the mechanisms of allergen-free immunotherapy by showing that both DNA-HSP65 and CpG/CFP downregulated house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation via distinct pathways that involve not only induction of mycobacterial-specific adaptive responses but also signaling via MyD88 and Fas molecules.
The Final Epidemic
Authors: Howard H. Hiatt
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This is the author's keynote address to the Fourth Congress of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War in June 1984. He describes activities aimed at stemming the nuclear arms race that were undertaken by medical and other professional groups during the four years since the first meeting of the U.S. Physicians for Social Responsibility. He also analyzes improvements in infant mortality that could have been obtained if resources devoted to the weapons buildup had been allocated instead to health care programs. Finally, he calls on physicians to take an active role in publicizing the medical realities of a nuclear war and the negative impact of the arms race on health care spending.
Genome-wide methylation profiling in decitabine-treated patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Pearlly Yan, David Frankhouser, Mark Murphy, Hok-Hei Tam, Benjamin Rodriguez, John Curfman, Michael Trimarchi, Susan Geyer, Yue-Zhong Wu, Susan P. Whitman, Klaus Metzeler, Alison Walker, Rebecca Klisovic, Samson Jacob, Michael R. Grever, John C. Byrd, Clara D. Bloomfield, Ramiro Garzon, William Blum, Michael A. Caligiuri, Ralf Bundschuh, Guido Marcucci
Journal: Blood (2012)
Mutant ZP1 in Familial Infertility
Authors: Hua-Lin Huang, Chao Lv, Ying-Chun Zhao, Wen Li, Xue-Mei He, Ping Li, Ai-Guo Sha, Xiao Tian, Christopher J. Papasian, Hong-Wen Deng, Guang-Xiu Lu, Hong-Mei Xiao
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The human zona pellucida is composed of four glycoproteins (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4) and has an important role in reproduction. Here we describe a form of infertility with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, characterized by abnormal eggs that lack a zona pellucida. We identified a homozygous frameshift mutation in ZP1 in six family members. In vitro studies showed that defective ZP1 proteins and normal ZP3 proteins colocalized throughout the cells and were not expressed at the cell surface, suggesting that the aberrant ZP1 results in the sequestration of ZP3 in the cytoplasm, thereby preventing the formation of the zona pellucida around the oocyte.
THE PRODUCTION OF PERSISTENT ALOPECIA IN RABBITS BY ROENTGEN RADIATION; A STUDY OF THE MINIMUM DOSE REQUIRED AND THE CONSISTENCY OF THE REACTION
Authors: Harry Clark, Ernest Sturm
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

Seven areas on the abdomen of each of fourteen rabbits were exposed to soft Roentgen radiation of constant quality in doses varying, in the region of the value critical for the production of persistent alopecia, by regular steps of about 4 per cent. Without exception the critical dose was found to lie between two such values, the upper limit being represented by exposures on eight of the animals and the lower on ten of them. With certain reservations, the critical dose corresponds to the production of 2.04 x 10(15) ions of either sign per gm. of tissue.
P247 High levels of iron in the soil are associated with an increased incidence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle
Authors: G. V. O'Donovan, H. J. Milburn
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Numbers and proportion of cases of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in cattle are increasing, largely in the west country and Wales with few if any cases in the south and north east. Work by DEFRA demonstrates that TB in cattle is mutifactorial, as in humans, making some herds at greater risk of TB than others. Micronutrients could be one of these factors. Deficiencies, but also excesses, may cause secondary immunodeficiency and infection related morbidity in man. Different soil types contain different quantities of these trace elements and this will be reflected in pasture, hay and silage. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine whether certain rock and soil types predominate in areas with high incidence of BTB, and whether there is a case for investigating micronutrients in cattle. <h3>Methods</h3> Information on cases of BTB and latest mapping of cases was provided by the Veterinary Research Laboratories (UK). Using information from the British Geological Survey and geological mapping, rock and soil types and their mineral contents were compared with density of cases of BTB. <h3>Results</h3> There is a significant difference in the proportion of confirmed new incidents of BTB in the west of England (6.8/100 herds) and all other areas (p&lt;0.001), and Wales (3.2/100) and the north (0.8/100) and east (0.3/100) of England (p&lt;0.001). The rock types present in the west of England and Wales are rich in iron and aluminium while those in areas largely free of BTB are rich in calcium salts and oxides of silicon. Soils reflect the mineral content of the underlying rocks. <h3>Discussion</h3> Iron deposits are common in areas with high numbers of cases of BTB, affecting quantities in pasture, hay, silage, and earthworms, a staple component of the diet of badgers, who are frequently blamed for this disease. Excess iron is associated with increased susceptibility to TB and more aggressive disease in man, and mycobacteria responsible for BTB need iron for their survival within the host. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is an association between BTB and high levels of iron in the soil. Further work is needed to determine levels of iron in affected cattle and its effect on immune responses.
Early Dynamic PET/CT and 18F-FDG Blood Flow Imaging in Bladder Cancer Detection
Authors: Sam Belakhlef, Clifford Church, Chirag Jani, Suresh Lakhanpal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

The standard PET/CT and 18F-FDG scanning protocols for patients with cancer call for data acquisitions to start 50 to 60 minutes postinjection (PI) of the radiopharmaceutical. This prolonged incubation period allows the concentration of high activity tracer to accumulate in the urinary bladder rendering identification of bladder lesions very difficult, if not impossible. The objective of this study was to identify bladder cancer using a novel PET/CT and 18F-FDG scanning protocol that takes advantage of the angiogenesis observed in malignancies and the kidneys' physiology of delayed excretion of 18F-FDG into the urinary bladder.Early dynamic PET/CT and 18F-FDG scans were performed on 7 consecutive male patients with pathology-confirmed bladder cancer. A series of 5 dynamic scans of 2 minutes each, starting at injection time, were obtained on each patient's urinary bladder. Areas of increased 18F-FDG blood flow to the bladder walls were considered suspicious for cancer.Using pathologic report as the gold standard, this new protocol resulted in 5 true positives, 1 true negative, and 1 false positive. The average maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax ± SD), at 2 to 4 minutes postinjection, of bladder wall areas with increased and normal blood flow were 2.7 ± 0.7 and 1.1 ± 1.3 g/mL, respectively. Also, the average activity concentration ratios (tumor/blood vessel) of suspected cancerous regions versus time showed a linear pattern with a slope of 2.9.Early dynamic FDG PET images can demonstrate bladder lesions that are obscured by urine activity on routine images at 1 hour.