tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do elderly lung cancer patients profit from radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy
Authors: Kalliopi Athanassiadi, Vassiliki Karameri, Irini Mavromati, Ilias Samiotis, Maria-Kalliopi Konstantinidou, Despina Violidaki, Dimitra Riga, Dimitris Lioumpas, Dimitra Rondogianni, Ion Bellenis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

OBJECTIVE: The therapeutic impact of a radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy (RLA) associated with a pulmonary resection for  lung cancer  remains controversial. Our objective is to investigate the impact of radical lymphadenectomy compared to the sampling on the overall survival for  elderly   lung  cancer   patients and assess whether the non-performance of an RLA could be justified in the surgical treatment for this group.  MATERIAL: We analysed the records of 60 patients aged 75 years and older (41 males, 19 females) who underwent surgery for non-small-cell  lung   cancer  . They were divided into two groups, according to the type of intra-operative mediastinal lymphadenectomy, the radical systematic lymphadenectomy (RLA Group,  n  = 36) and the Sampling (SLN group,  n  = 24) groups. A Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan-Meier method were used for the survival analyses.  RESULTS: RLAs had no protective effect on mortality; the hazard ratio for the RLA group in comparison to the SLN group was 0.93 in the multivariate analysis. The 3-year survival for the SLN group, was marginally better than that of the RLA group. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between the two groups ( p  >0.05).  CONCLUSIONS: There was no survival benefit for the Radical Lymphadenectomy. Although in some reports a systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy is recommended for correct staging, a pulmonary resection with non-performance of radical lymphadenectomy could be an acceptable surgical treatment for the increasing number of  elderly   lung  cancer   patients.
Human Cells Transformed In Vitro by Human Cytomegalovirus: Tumorigenicity in Athymic Nude Mice2
Authors: L. Geder, J. Kreider, F. Rapp
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Human Cells Transformed In Vitro by Human Cytomegalovirus: Tumorigenicity in Athymic Nude Mice Get access L. Geder, L. Geder Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Kreider, J. Kreider Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Rapp F. Rapp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 4, April 1977, Pages 1003–1009, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.4.1003 Published: 01 April 1977 Article history Received: 07 June 1976 Accepted: 27 September 1976 Published: 01 April 1977
Vitamin A Supplementation and Plasma Retinol Levels: A Randomized Trial Among Women&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Walter C. Willett, Meir J. Stampfer, Barbara A. Underwood, Laura A. Sampson, Charles H. Hennekens, John C. Wallingford, Lawton Cooper, Chung-cheng Hsieh, Frank E. Speizer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Although dietary intake of vitamin A has little, if any, overall effect on blood retinol in generally well-nourished populations, subgroups may exist that would be responsive to supplementation. The hypothesis that vitamin A supplementation increases blood retinol in apparently well-fed individuals with lower than usual blood levels was tested in female health workers, with relatively low blood retinol values, who were randomly assigned to receive vitamin A (10,000 IU daily) or placebo. After 4 weeks the mean change in plasma retinol was −0.4 μg/dl for the group receiving placebo and +4.1 μg/dl (an increase of 9% over base-line values) for the group receivinb;g vitamin A (P = . 02). The results were similar when the base-line retinol level and several other covariates were considered. Thirteen women who had initially received placebo were then switched to vitamin A for 4 weeks. These women experienced a mean increase of 5.3 μg/dl in plasma retinol (P = . 04). Responses to vitamin A supplementation tend to be greater among women with lower previous total vitamin A intake, as assessed by questionnaire [Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r)=0.50; P = .01].
Repeatability of non-invasive infant spirometry
Authors: Mariann Bentsen, Hege Clemm, Maria Vollsæter, Hrefna Gudmundsdottir, Lise Lønning, Trond Markestad, Thomas Halvorsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction  Measuring lung function in infants is important but challenging. A new inductance plethysmographic technique has been developed, with measurements obtained from a baby-vest with thin metal wires in the fabric and signals derived from changes in the electromagnetic field created by respiratory movements (Volusense™). The flow variables are comparable to those produced by airflow measured at the mouth.   Aim  To investigate repeatability of this method.   Methods  Thirty infants were studied in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Haukeland University Hospital, Norway. Minimum 5 minutes of tidal breathing were recorded. The recordings were performed by two nurses (A and B) before and after a meal, and data were analyzed independently by two pediatricians.   Results  Ten healthy term-born infants (3.6 kg), ten preterm infants ready for discharge (2.3 kg) and ten preterm infants still under NICU care (1.5 kg) were examined. Tidal breathing parameters measured by Nurse A vs. Nurse B did not differ: Time to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory time (Tptef/Te) 42.5 (95%CI: 37.4, 47.7) vs. 40.1 (95%CI: 34.2, 46.0), p=0.34. Selection of breath cycles for analyses by the two pediatricians did not influence recordings: Tptef/Te 39.8 (95%CI: 37.6, 42.0) vs. 39.5 (95%CI 37.4, 41.7), p=0.56. Inter observer repeatability for nurse A was adequate and measurements obtained before and after a meal were similar.   Conclusion  Within and between observer repeatability of tidal breathing measurements obtained with inductance plethysmography were adequate and comparable to that obtained with more complex methods. Analyses were not influenced by meals or by who selected the breath cycles.
Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells modified to secrete anti-inflammatory protein sST2 in a model of occupational asthma
Authors: Xavier Munoz, Itziar Martínez-González, Josep-Maria Aran, Oriol Roca, Ferran Morell, Maria-Jesus Cruz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of mesenchymal stem cells modified to secrete sST2 to attenuate the inflammatory and respiratory symptoms in an animal model of occupational asthma (OA) to persulfate salts.

Methods: Occupational asthma was induced in BALB / c mice (1). Twenty-four hours after induction of asthma, the animals received intravenously 1 * 106 of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC Group), mesenchymal stem cells genetically modified with a lentiviral vector expressing the gene sST2 (ST2 group) or saline (group S). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was assessed using methacholine provocation. Pulmonary inflammation and levels of immunoregulatory cytokines were determined in BAL. Total serum IgE was measured in blood. The analyzes were made on days 2, 4 and 7 after induction of asthma.

Results: Animals sensitized to persulfate salts showed an increase in bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and in the % of neutrophils and total IgE after inhalation of persulfate salts, compared with the control group. The animals treated with mesenchymal stem cells showed a decrease of the bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and the percentage of neutrophils and total IgE compared to the control group S. There were significant differences between groups MSC and ST2 in the levels of IFN-g, IL-13 and IL-6 that were lower in the ST2 group on day 4 after induction of asthma.

Conclusions: In the described model of OA mesenchymal stem cells modified to secrete sST2 have shown anti-inflammatory capacity and attenuation of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

(1) De Vooght V, et al. Thorax 2010; 65(3):252-7 

Study funded by Fis PI10/00782 .
Mediastinal nonlymphoblastic lymphomas in children: a clinicopathologic study.
Authors: N J Bunin, E Hvizdala, M Link, T R Callihan, H O Hustu, M Wharam, R A Warnke, C W Berard, S B Murphy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

The records of 25 pediatric patients with mediastinal nonlymphoblastic lymphoma (NLBL) were reviewed. These patients comprise approximately 5% of all patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the pediatric age group. There were 15 females and ten males. The median age was 13.5 years (range, 2 to 19). Most patients presented with symptoms attributable to a large mediastinal mass, and superior vena cava syndrome was a common feature. Disease was localized to the supradiaphragmatic area in 17 patients (71%) at diagnosis. Pathologic review revealed 22 of these lymphomas to be diffuse histiocytic type in the Rappaport classification, and 20 were large-cell immunoblastic type in the Working Formulation. Treatment regimens were not uniform, but included multiagent chemotherapy in 23 patients and radiation to the mediastinum in 20 patients. Twenty-three patients (92%) attained a complete remission (CR). Of these, 17 (74%) remain disease-free 13 to 65 months from diagnosis (median, 43 months). No CNS relapses have been observed. Mediastinal NLBL in the pediatric age group has distinctive clinicopathologic features that warrant special consideration in the design of treatment protocols.
The extended COPD care bundle and its impact on length of stay and readmission rate
Authors: Elizabeth Norman, Carlos Echevarria, Alice Melville, Richard Murray, Nicola Harker, David Campbell, Gbenga Afolabi, Laura Robson, Stephen Bourke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction 

We developed a novel Extended COPD Care Bundle, which includes 6 quality standards: smoking cessation, education on exacerbation recognition and management (written and verbal, plus follow up phone call), optimisation of inhaler technique, pulmonary rehabilitation, extended MRCD score and appropriate follow-up.

Methods 

There was a phased introduction of the care bundle across 4 wards in 2 hospitals. Patients with an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) 3 months before and 3-5 months after the introduction of the bundle were identified via coding. Length of stay (LOS), and 30 and 90 day COPD readmission rates were obtained.

Results 

27% of COPD patients were current smokers of whom 2/3 wanted to stop. 48% of smokers accepted in-patient NRT. 92% received rescue packs, including education, on discharge. Most patients correctly used their inhaler after appropriate education. 40% were referred for pulmonary rehabilitation; 21% declined and 18% were considered not appropriate.

View this table:

Table 1: LOS and 30 day readmission pre- and post- care bundle.





Discussion 

The median LOS for AECOPD was 5 and 4 days respectively in hospitals 1 and 2 (including discharges from the admissions unit). Patients receiving the care bundle were under specialist respiratory care, including those requiring non-invasive ventilation, hence the higher median stay. The bundle led to a reduction in LOS in Hospital 1 and a reduction in 30 day readmission rates across both hospitals.
Causes of hospital admission among people living with HIV worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nathan Ford, Zara Shubber, Graeme Meintjes, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Serge Eholie, Edward J Mills, Mary-Ann Davies, Marco Vitoria, Martina Penazzato, Sabin Nsanzimana, Lisa Frigati, Daniel O'Brien, Tom Ellman, Olawale Ajose, Alexandra Calmy, Meg Doherty
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2015)
Frontal fibrosing alopecia in black patients
Authors: M. Miteva, D. Whiting, M. Harries, A. Bernardes, A. Tosti
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a cicatricial alopecia of the frontotemporal hairline that mostly affects postmenopausal women and frequently involves the eyebrows and the limbs.1 It was shown recently that affected vellus or terminal hairs of the face and limbs also show a lichenoid pattern on pathology.2, 3 All data on FFA come from studies and case reports including mostly white4, 5 and occasionally Asian patients.6 To date, there is no information on the prevalence of FFA in black patients. Only two studies mention the prevalence of FFA in dark‐skinned patients among other ethnicities: in one of them, two of 36 patients (6%) were African‐Americans,7 and, in the other, one of 13 (7%) was Afro‐Caribbean.3 The most important differential diagnosis of FFA in black patients is with traction alopecia (TA), which has been reported to affect up to 31·7% of the women in some community groups in Africa.8
The diagnostic value of self-reported symptoms for the detection of sleep apnea syndrome in stroke patients
Authors: Janneke Nachtegaal, Justine Aaronson, Erny Groet, Tijs van Bezeij, Coen van Bennekom
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a common sleep disorder in stroke patients and associated with decreased functional recovery, increased risk of recurrent stroke and mortality. Despite the high prevalence and poor functional outcome no guidelines for SAS screening in stroke rehabilitation are available.  Objective:  this study evaluated the predictive value of a self-report symptom questionnaire, socio-demographic and clinical variables for detection of stroke patients with a high risk of SAS.  Methods:  306 stroke patients were screened with pulse-oximetry to determine their oxygen desaturation index (ODI). An ODI ≥ 15 was classified as a high risk of SAS. Potential predictors included socio-demographic variables, disease characteristics and self-reported symptoms (snoring, apneas, restless legs, morning headaches, waking up feeling unrefreshed, daytime sleepiness, falling asleep during daytime, fatigue, concentration loss, irritability and mood changes). With univariate logistic regression analysis, the associations between potential prognostic indicators and the primary outcome of ODI ≥ 15 were examined. Significant variables (p-value ≤ 0.20) were selected for a backward multivariate logistic regression and checked for co-linearity.  Results:  a high risk of SAS was predicted by gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and the presence of the self-reported symptoms apneas, falling asleep during daytime and concentration loss.  Conclusion:  the diagnostic value of self-reported SAS symptoms alone is very low in stroke patients. Therefore, socio-demographic and clinical variables should be included in the screening of SAS in stroke rehabilitation.
EULAR Standing Committee on Paediatric Rheumatology: 2003
Authors: B Andersson-Gäre
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

The Paediatric Standing Committee has continued in its valuable cooperation with the related European organisations in paediatric rheumatology—that is, Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (PRES) and Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO). Several of the standing committee’s country representatives are also members of, and active participants in, activities of those organisations. Some specific activities are highlighted below.

The validation of core set of outcome for juvenile dermatomyositis …
Selection bias in clinical trials.
Authors: K Antman, D Amato, W Wood, J Carson, H Suit, K Proppe, R Carey, J Greenberger, R Wilson, E Frei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Of 90 patients with intermediate or high-grade sarcoma eligible for a randomized trial of adjuvant doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio), 48 were not entered: 24 (27%) by physician's choice and 24 refused randomization. Sixty-five percent of lower stage patients were randomized compared with 37% of those with higher stage (P = .02). Patients with extremity lesions were more frequently offered participation in the study (P = .07). Patients with lower stage lesions accepted randomization more readily than those with higher stage lesions (P = .01). As predicted by the higher stage and percentage of central lesions, the disease-free survival of nonrandomized patients was inferior to that of randomized patients (P = .15). Thus, patients at high risk appeared to avoid randomization and adjuvant doxorubicin in this trial, resulting in an inferior disease-free survival for the nonrandomized control group. Important questions generally require randomized trials that reliably determine relative treatment differences. If, however, the patients in a clinical trial are not representative of the entire patient population because of patient and physician selection biases, the generalizability of the results to the entire patient population may be compromised. For example, the prognosis of the general population cannot necessarily be inferred from the selected group in the study. In this study, the randomized and nonrandomized series yielded differing conclusions regarding treatment efficacy, even when an adjustment was made for known prognostic facts.
Hypnotherapy in Palliative Care
Authors: I G Finlay, O L Jones
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1996)

Complementary therapies have found increasing vogue in the management of patients with cancer, although little formal evaluation has been undertaken. We report on our experience of offering hynotherapy to palliative care outpatients in a hospice day care setting. During 2 1/2 years, 256 patients had hypnotherapy, all singly; two-thirds (n = 104) were women. Only 13% (n = 21) had four or more treatment sessions. At the time of survey, the 52 patients still alive were mailed an evaluation sheet, of whom 41 responded. 61% reported improved coping with their illness. 7% (n = 3) reported harmful or negative effects from hypnotherapy. Amongst those whose coping was unchanged, many found the therapy a pleasant experience. 35 respondents (85%) appended positive comments to their questionnaire returns. Despite the limitations of a retrospective questionnaire, our findings suggest that hypnotherapy, used within strict guidelines in patients with advanced cancer, is a safe complementary therapy to enhance coping.
Transplacental Blastomogenesis in Organ Cultures of Embryonic Lung Tissue
Authors: L. M. Shabad, Tamara S. Kolesnichenko, Edward Ye. Smetanin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Urethan, nitrosomethylurea, and dimethylnitrosamine were studied to ascertain their transplacental and direct erfect on organ cultures of embryonic lung tissue of mice (strains A and C3HA) and rats (BD-IX). All the compounds greatly stimulated the growth of the explents and induced morphologic changes in them. The transplacental administration of urethan first induced irregular hyperplasia and focal growth of epithelium in the cultures and then adenomas. The first adenoma appeared the 4th day after explantation, and at 2 weeks adenomas were observed in 60% of the explants. Nitrosamines caused marked growth of epithelium in cultures, resulting in papillary adenomatosis which was observed both when administered transplacentally and when added immediately to the cultures in vitro as well as with the combined administration. The transplacental effect of nitrosomethylurea on the lung organ cultures from rats caused adenomatosis and presarcomatous growth. The organ culture method can be used to detect precancerous conditions and to test for rapid determination of the oncogenic activity of some chemical compounds.
Prolonged inhibition of Protein and Glycoprotein Synthesis in Tumor Cells Treated With Muconomycin A2
Authors: Constance E. Brinckerhoff, Martin Lubin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Several agents were compared for their ability to inhibit protein synthesis for long periods in tumor cells growing in culture. Mouse B16 melanoma cells, treated with high concentrations of cycloheximide or pactamycin for 1 hour and then washed repeatedly, recovered their ability to incorporate [3H]Ieucine into protein in about 4 hours, while cells treated with emetine recovered in 12 hours. After similar treatment with muconomycin A, however, incorporation of [3H)Ieucine remained inhibited for at least 30 hours. During this time the cells remained attached to the culture dishes, were able to exclude trypan blue dye, and retained nearly normal levels of rubidium-86 content. When another, untreated, population of cells was added to the muconomycin- treated cells, protein synthesis was not inhibited in the untreated population; action of the drug was thus shown to be confined to the treated cells. In melanoma cells treated with neuraminidase and muconomycin, measurement of glycoprotein synthesis (as determined by sialic acid analysis) showed that muconomycin also inhibited restoration of sialic acid content. Brief treatment with muconomycln, therefore, appeared to be sufficient for prolonged inhibition of protein and glycoprotein synthesis.
Sacrospinous hysteropexy versus vaginal hysterectomy with suspension of the uterosacral ligaments in women with uterine prolapse stage 2 or higher: multicentre randomised non-inferiority trial
Authors: Renée J Detollenaere, Jan den Boon, Jelle Stekelenburg, Joanna IntHout, Mark E Vierhout, Kirsten B Kluivers, Hugo W F van Eijndhoven
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate whether uterus preserving vaginal sacrospinous hysteropexy is non-inferior to vaginal hysterectomy with suspension of the uterosacral ligaments in the surgical treatment of uterine prolapse. <b>Design</b> Multicentre randomised controlled non-blinded non-inferiority trial. <b>Setting</b> 4 non-university teaching hospitals, the Netherlands. <b>Participants</b> 208 healthy women with uterine prolapse stage 2 or higher requiring surgery and no history of pelvic floor surgery. <b>Interventions</b> Treatment with sacrospinous hysteropexy or vaginal hysterectomy with suspension of the uterosacral ligaments. The predefined non-inferiority margin was an increase in surgical failure rate of 7%. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary outcome was recurrent prolapse stage 2 or higher of the uterus or vaginal vault (apical compartment) evaluated by the pelvic organ prolapse quantification system in combination with bothersome bulge symptoms or repeat surgery for recurrent apical prolapse at 12 months’ follow-up. Secondary outcomes were overall anatomical recurrences, including recurrent anterior compartment (bladder) and/or posterior compartment (bowel) prolapse, functional outcome, complications, hospital stay, postoperative recovery, and sexual functioning. <b>Results</b> Sacrospinous hysteropexy was non-inferior for anatomical recurrence of the apical compartment with bothersome bulge symptoms or repeat surgery (n=0, 0%) compared with vaginal hysterectomy with suspension of the uterosacral ligaments (n=4, 4.0%, difference −3.9%, 95% confidence interval for difference −8.6% to 0.7%). At 12 months, overall anatomical recurrences, functional outcome, quality of life, complications, hospital stay, measures on postoperative recovery, and sexual functioning did not differ between the two groups. Five serious adverse events were reported during hospital stay. None was considered to be related to the type of surgery. <b>Conclusions</b> Uterus preservation by sacrospinous hysteropexy was non-inferior to vaginal hysterectomy with suspension of the uterosacral ligaments for surgical failure of the apical compartment at 12 months’ follow-up. <b>Trial registration</b> trialregister.nl NTR1866.