tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Campylobacter colitis complicated by toxic megacolon: prevalence, characteristics and outcome
Authors: E. L. Culver, E. Morris, P. Trivedi, A. J. Ellis
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Campylobacter gastroenteritis is usually a self limiting infection; the development of colitis and toxic megacolon are rare complications that may mimic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to define the prevalence, characteristics and outcome of patients with campylobacter colitis and toxic megacolon in our institution. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective review of medical notes, laboratory data, imaging and endoscopic records for adult inpatients with documented diarrhoea and campylobacter detected in stool cultures, over a five-year period was performed. Colitis was defined as the presence of mucosal inflammation at endoscopy with compatible histology and/or abdominal imaging consistent with mucosal oedema. Toxic megacolon was defined as non-obstructive colonic dilatation greater than 6 cm with signs of systemic toxicity. The R statistical package was used for regression analysis with log transformations and generalised linear model with binary response. <h3>Results</h3> Eighty-seven patients had a positive stool culture for campylobacter, of which 56 were admitted to hospital. Fifteen patients (27%) had evidence of colitis, and one-third of these developed features of toxic megacolon. All patients had a high CRP at presentation (median 111; range 12–215 mg/dl). The diagnosis of colitis was associated with the presence of blood in the stool (p=0.05), but independent of age and other clinical and laboratory markers of severity. The median duration to diagnosis of colitis and megacolon was 5 (1–43) and 6 (6–21) days, respectively. The median duration of diarrhoea for uncomplicated infection, colitis and megacolon was 5 (1–36), 10 (1–28) and 15 (5–28) days, respectively. Length of admission was dependent upon age (p=0.03) and duration of diarrhoea (p = 0.00001). Patients with colitis were more likely to require surgical review (p=0.02) and be treated with ciprofloxacin (p=0.04). IBD was more likely to be a differential diagnosis in those with colitis (p=0.001; OR 16.5) and in younger patients (p=0.03; OR 1.7). No patient had co-existent IBD, although 1 patient (1.7%) was diagnosed with Crohn9s colitis one year later. No patient perforated or required colectomy. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Colitis and toxic megacolon occurred in 27% and 9% of patients admitted to hospital with campylobacter in stool cultures, respectively. One-third of patients with colitis progressed to toxic megacolon. All patients had a high CRP on admission, the level of which may help to distinguish them from patients with IBD. Early stool culture is essential to guide diagnosis and management. Outcome appears more favourable compared to megacolon complicating IBD in this cohort.
Twice Weekly Isoniazid and Rifampin Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Canadian Plains Aborigines
Authors: BRIAN D. McNAB, DARCY D. MARCINIUK, RIAZ A. ALVI, LEONARD TAN, VERNON H. HOEPPNER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Six months of twice weekly directly observed isoniazid and rifam-picin treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection was implemented to improve the outcome of treatment. A total of 591 infected aborigines without previous tuberculosis or treatment of latent TB infection received twice weekly isoniazid and rifampicin for 6 mo from 1992 to 1995. The outcome was compared with 403 infected aborigines without previous tuberculosis or treatment of latent TB infection who received self-administered isoniazid daily for 1 yr from 1986 to 1989. Of patients, 487 (82%) completed the twice weekly 6-mo regimen compared with 77 (19%) who completed the daily 12-mo regimen. The main reason for incomplete treatment was default. Both groups were followed over a 6-yr period. The rate of tuberculosis in the twice-weekly isoniazid and rifampicin-treated patients was 0.9/1,000 patient-years compared with 9/1,000 patient-years in the daily isoniazid-treated patients. The rate of side effects was higher for directly observed treatment patients, 136/1,000 patient-years of drugs, compared with 39/ 1,000 patient-years for self-administered treatment patients. Life-threatening side effects such as skin allergic reactions and hepatitis were the same in both groups. A regimen of 52 doses of directly observed twice weekly isoniazid and rifampicin is an effective and well-tolerated regimen to improve the outcome of the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in a population with a high rate of default with daily self-administered isoniazid.
A Primer of Electrocardiography
Authors: Thomas M. Durant
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In general there are two methods whereby a student may learn to read electrocardiograms. The first, and older method, is to memorize patterns using one of the atlases available for this purpose. This requires brute memory and much experience. Some have become very proficient by this means, but it is very costly of effort.  The second method which dates mainly from the Frank Wilson era is that of expending the initial effort to learn basic principles. The theoretical background thus accuired obviates pattern memorization, and provides a more versatile interpretive ability, since patterns not previously observed or committed to memory may, nevertheless, be accurately read. This is the method adopted by the authors of this book through its five editions. and it has made it an outstandingly valuable and popular text for the beginner in electrocardiography.  The term primer used by the authors should not be interpreted as suggesting a
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?THE ACTION OF THE MCLEAN COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. BLOOMINGTON, ILL.
Authors: G. M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The following resolutions were unanimously adopted at the regular monthly meeting of the McLean County Medical Society, Thursday, March 5, 1891: Whereas, There is an effort being made to removeThe Journal of the American Medical Associationfrom Chicago to Washington, D. C. Whereas, The American Medical Association is no sectional body, and when we consider Chicago from its geographical location, so readily accessible from all parts of our country, it being the greatest railroad centre in the world, its unsurpassed mail facilities, and destined to become the greatest medical centre of our country, also in wealth and population, <i>Resolved</i>, That the Members of the McLean County Medical Society cannot see what advantageThe Journalcould possibly gain by its removal to Washington, but believe that such removal would be detrimental toThe Journaland interests of the Association, and, be it further <i>Resolved</i>, That the delegates
Drug-Induced Esophagitis
Authors: Joe W. Matthews
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the Feb 15, 1984, TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY on doxycycline-induced esophagitis<sup>1</sup>there was a table of drugs reported to produce esophagitis. Included among them was the asthma prophylactic agent cromolyn inhalant. It seems unlikely that a drug conjugated to lactose specifically for inhalation into the lung could possibly induce esophagitis when swallowed in small amounts. If the drug is locally irritating or corrosive it could certainly cause at least as much difficulty in the respiratory tract as in the gastrointestinal tract. Allergists have been using cromolyn on a daily basis for a number of years with a very low instance of any side effects. I would appreciate the authors' comment on their source of information for this statement.
Inhibition of Interferon-γ Antiviral and Antiproliferative Activities by ras Oncogene Expression
Authors: M. Gariglio, G. Gribaudo, A. Franco, M. A. Pierotti, G. Cavallo, S. Landolfo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Inhibition of Interferon-γ Antiviral and Antiproliferative Activities by ras Oncogene Expression Get access M. Gariglio, M. Gariglio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Gribaudo, G. Gribaudo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Franco, A. Franco Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. A. Pierotti, M. A. Pierotti Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Cavallo, G. Cavallo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Landolfo S. Landolfo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 13, 5 July 1989, Pages 1014–1020, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.13.1014 Published: 05 July 1989 Article history Received: 01 December 1988 Revision received: 14 March 1989 Accepted: 20 March 1989 Published: 05 July 1989
693. Airway Pre-Treatment with a Novel Surfactant Compound Improves Standard Enhancement of Lentiviral Gene Transfer In Vivo
Authors: Patricia L. Cmielewski, Don S. Anson, David W. Parsons
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

To achieve an effective and efficient gene therapy for cystic fibrosis lung disease, we have developed in vivo methods using airway pre-treatment with a standard lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) mixture, prior to delivery of lentiviral vectors to increase gene expression. High level, long-lasting gene expression is produced in intact nasal airways of normal and cystic fibrosis mice. In this study we tested if novel related surfactants we have identified can increase the effectiveness of gene expression in a short-term gene transfer setting.
Clear cell syringofibroadenoma (of Mascaro) of the nail
Authors: B. Fouilloux, C. Perrin, M. Dutoit, F. Cambazard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) is a rare disorder. We report the first case of ESFA of the nail apparatus, which presented as a yellow longitudinal onycholytic band of the left fourth finger over an intermittently painful subungual filamentous tumour. Histological examination showed features of ESFA with a digitate pattern of papillomatosis due to the specialized physiological longitudinal arrangement of the ridges in the nail bed. In addition, we describe a new feature of colloidal iron‐positive clear cells. In our case, the presence of two types of cells with a central ductal differentiation and a significant amount of mucopolysaccharides in clear cells could suggest differentiation towards both the ductal and the secretory portion of the eccrine gland.
Enlarged Left Lobe of the Liver Mistaken for a Mass in the Splenic Region
Authors: MURALIDHARA G. RAO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

An enlarged left lobe of the liver that extends to the left side of the abdomen can be mistaken for a splenic mass on computed tomography images or a pseudo-fluid collection on ultrasound. The author encountered a patient in whom the left lobe of the liver was enlarged and extended into the splenic region. This was mistaken for a splenic mass on computed tomography and ultrasound. A radionuclide liver-spleen image accurately suggested the diagnosis.
Energy Balance, Host-Related Factors, and Cancer Progression
Authors: Stephen D. Hursting, Nathan A. Berger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Obesity is associated with an increased risk and worsened prognosis for many types of cancer, but the mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer progression link are poorly understood. Several energy balance-related host factors are known to influence tumor progression and/or treatment responsiveness after cancer develops, and these have been implicated as key contributors to the complex effects of obesity on cancer outcome. These host factors include leptin, adiponectin, steroid hormones, reactive oxygen species associated with inflammation, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and sirtuins. Each of these host factors is considered in this article in the context of energy balance and cancer progression. In addition, future research directions in this field are discussed, including the importance of study designs addressing energy balance across the life course, the development and application of highly relevant animal models, potential roles of cancer stem cells in the response to energy balance modulation, and emerging pharmacologic approaches that target energy balance-related pathways.
Analysis of somatic hypermutation in X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome shows specific deficiencies in mutational targeting
Authors: Nancy S. Longo, Patricia L. Lugar, Sule Yavuz, Wen Zhang, Peter H. L. Krijger, Daniel E. Russ, Dereje D. Jima, Sandeep S. Dave, Amrie C. Grammer, Peter E. Lipsky
Journal: Blood (2008)
Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery
Authors: N Theodorou
Journal: Gut (2007)

Edited by Fielding JWL, Hallisey MT, Lumley J. Published by Springer, Berlin, 2005, £115.50 (hardback), pp 396. ISBN 1852336072

In the rapidly developing field of upper gastrointestinal surgery, there is often a need for access to short synopses of areas of development without the need to resort on every occasion to a literature search or standard text. This concise book brings together a selection of internationally acknowledged experts to provide such a …
CXC Chemokine Receptor-4 Antagonist Blocks Both Growth of Primary Tumor and Metastasis of Head and Neck Cancer in Xenograft Mouse Models
Authors: Younghyoun Yoon, Zhongxing Liang, Xin Zhang, Mison Choe, Aizhi Zhu, Heidi T. Cho, Dong M. Shin, Mark M. Goodman, Zhuo (Georgia) Chen, Hyunsuk Shim
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) metastasizes to the lymph nodes and lungs. We have generated previously an orthotopic mouse model for head and neck metastasis and did in vivo selection of SCCHN cells through four rounds of serial metastases. A subpopulation of 686LN cells with high metastatic potential (686LN-Ms) was isolated. When the highly metastatic cells were compared with their low metastatic parental cells (686LN-Ps), we found that CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) mRNA levels were significantly higher in the 686LN-Ms cells than the 686LN-Ps cells. Interestingly, the metastatic subclones had lost epithelial morphology and acquired mesenchymal features, which were maintained during cell expansion in vitro. This was featured by decreased E-cadherin and involucrin and increased vimentin and integrin β1. These results imply that CXCR4 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers can be potential biomarkers to identify the subpopulation of cells with high metastatic potential. Using the orthotopic SCCHN animal model, we showed that anti-CXCR4 treatment suppressed primary tumor growth by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and prevented lung metastasis. Because the reduction of metastasis seen in the treated group could have resulted from 2-fold reduction in primary tumor size compared with that in the control group, we examined the effects of the CXCR4 antagonist in an experimental metastatic animal model in which 686LN-Ms cells were i.v. injected. 686LN-Ms cells failed to metastasize in the CXCR4 antagonist-treated group, whereas they metastasized to the lungs in the control group. Our data indicate that CXCR4 is an important target to inhibit tumor progression in SCCHN. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7518–23]
Respiratory Disease: Stormy Outlook for Asthma
Authors: Carol Potera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Strong Signal for Cell Phone EffectsWith 3 billion cell phone users worldwide and more than 260 million in the United States alone-among them 46% of U.S. children aged 8-12, according to Nielsen Mobile figures released 10 September 2008human exposure to low-energy radiation in the 800-to 2,000-megahertz range is at an all-time high.The most recent attempt to systematically review the epidemiologic evidence for increased risk of brain tumors related to cell phone use indicates that repercussions from this global experiment are coming to light.In a meta-analysis published in the May 2008 issue of the International Journal of Oncology, Swedish researchers found significant associations between longterm cell phone use and brain tumor risk."We found that cell phone use is linked to gliomas [malignant brain tumors] and acoustic neuromas [benign tumors of the brain's auditory nerve] and are showing up after only ten years," says lead author Lennart Hardell, an oncologist and cancer epidemiologist at University Hospital in Örebro, Sweden.Specifically, for studies that included at least 10 years of exposure, there was a doubling in the risk of gliomas for ipsilateral (same-side) but not contralateral (opposite-side) exposures to the head (as reflected by which hand the subject typically used to hold his/her cell phone).A 2.4-fold increase in risk was seen for acoustic neuromas due to ipsilateral exposures, whereas no increased risk occurred for meningiomas (tumors that occur in the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)."Clearly we need more studies of longterm cell phone usage to better assess the cancer risks," says coauthor Michael Carlberg.Cell phones have been in mainstream usage for only a decade or so, and yet radiation-induced brain tumors normally take about 10-15 years to develop, according to the American Cancer Society.Hardell's research team was itself the source of several studies included in the meta-analysis.In the October 2006 issue of the World Journal of Surgical Oncology, the investigators reported a 70% increased risk of grade III-IV astrocytomas (highly aggressive brain tumors) for analog cell phone users.This same study found a nearly 4-fold increase in risk for acoustic neuromas after 15 years of exposure to analog cell phones.
Intrathecal chemotherapy and meningeal relapses in myelomonocytic AML. A single institution experience
Authors: Claudio Romani, Anna Angela Di Tucci, Paolo Dessalvi, Martina Pettinau, Angelucci Emanuele
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

American Journal of HematologyVolume 85, Issue 3 p. 219-219 CorrespondenceFree Access Intrathecal chemotherapy and meningeal relapses in myelomonocytic AML. A single institution experience† Claudio Romani, Claudio Romani Hematology Department, Armando Businco Cancer Centre, Via Jenner, 09121 Cagliari, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorAnna Angela Di Tucci, Anna Angela Di Tucci Hematology Department, Armando Businco Cancer Centre, Via Jenner, 09121 Cagliari, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorPaolo Dessalvi, Paolo Dessalvi Hematology Department, Armando Businco Cancer Centre, Via Jenner, 09121 Cagliari, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorMartina Pettinau, Martina Pettinau Hematology Department, Armando Businco Cancer Centre, Via Jenner, 09121 Cagliari, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorAngelucci Emanuele, Angelucci Emanuele Hematology Department, Armando Businco Cancer Centre, Via Jenner, 09121 Cagliari, ItalySearch for more papers by this author Claudio Romani, Claudio Romani Hematology Department, Armando Businco Cancer Centre, Via Jenner, 09121 Cagliari, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorAnna Angela Di Tucci, Anna Angela Di Tucci Hematology Department, Armando Businco Cancer Centre, Via Jenner, 09121 Cagliari, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorPaolo Dessalvi, Paolo Dessalvi Hematology Department, Armando Businco Cancer Centre, Via Jenner, 09121 Cagliari, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorMartina Pettinau, Martina Pettinau Hematology Department, Armando Businco Cancer Centre, Via Jenner, 09121 Cagliari, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorAngelucci Emanuele, Angelucci Emanuele Hematology Department, Armando Businco Cancer Centre, Via Jenner, 09121 Cagliari, ItalySearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 2009 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.21606 † Conflict of interest: Nothing to report. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume85, Issue3March 2010Pages 219-219 ReferencesRelatedInformation
228 GB-VIRUS-C VIREMIA AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER 10-YEAR-SURVIVAL
Authors: K. Rifai, H. Wedemeyer, S. Pischke, S. Heringlake, J. Klempnauer, C.P. Strassburg, M.P. Manns, H.L. Tillmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Hepatitis B-specific T helper cell responses in uninfected infants born to HBsAg+/HBeAg− mothers
Authors: Lemonica Koumbi, Antonio Bertoletti, Vassiliki Anastasiadou, Maria Machaira, Winnie Goh, Nikolaos G Papadopoulos, Dimitris A Kafetzis, Vassiliki Papaevangelou
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2010)
Department of Public Health Bill.
Authors: Liston H. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Chicago, Nov. 10, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you kindly oblige the undersigned by mailing to my address not less than twenty copies of the Bill looking to the establishment of a Department of Public Health, as I propose to do some<i>more</i>missionary work in that direction among our National legislators ere the convening of Congress next month. The editorial on this subject in the November 6 issue of ourJournalwas most timely, and should elicit renewed interest in the profession everywhere. I trust the enterprising physicians of the United States, to the number of 100,000, will awake to the necessities of this important piece of legislation, and arouse their Representatives and Senators in both Houses of our Government to renew their interest in this matter for the welfare of this Government and for all her peoples. Very sincerely yours, A member from Illinois on the Special Committee