tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of regular inhaled salbutamol on airway responsiveness and airway inflammation in rhinitic non-asthmatic subjects
Authors: D. W. Evans, C. M. Salome, G. G. King, S. J. Rimmer, J. P. Seale, A. J. Woolcock
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Regular, inhaled beta 2 agonists may increase airway responsiveness in asthmatic subjects. The mechanism is not known but may be via an increase in airway inflammation. A study was undertaken to examine the effect of regular inhaled salbutamol on airway responsiveness to methacholine and hypertonic saline, on the maximal response plateau to methacholine, and on inflammatory cells in induced sputum in rhinitic non-asthmatic subjects. METHODS: Thirty subjects with a baseline maximal response plateau of &gt; 15% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) entered a randomised, placebo controlled, parallel trial consisting of two weeks run in, four weeks of treatment, and two weeks washout. Methacholine challenges were performed at the beginning of the run in period, before treatment, after treatment, and after washout. Hypertonic saline challenges were performed before and after treatment and induced sputum samples were collected for differential cell counting. RESULTS: There was no change in airway responsiveness, maximal response plateau to methacholine, or in induced sputum eosinophils or mast cells. The maximum fall in FEV1 after hypertonic saline increased in the salbutamol group (median change 6.0%, interquartile range (IQR) 11.0) but did not change in the placebo group (median change 1.3%, IQR 5.5). CONCLUSIONS: Regular inhaled salbutamol for four weeks increases airway responsiveness to hypertonic saline but does not alter airway responsiveness to methacholine or cells in induced sputum in non-asthmatic individuals with rhinitis. The relevance of these findings to asthmatic subjects has not been established.
THE WORK OF A CHRONIC TYPHOID GERM DISTRIBUTOR.
Authors: GEORGE A SOPER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In the winter of 1906 I was called on to investigate a household epidemic of typhoid fever which had broken out in the latter part of August at Oyster Bay, N. Y. The epidemic had been studied carefully immediately after it took place, but its cause had not been ascertained with as much certainty as seemed desirable to the owner of the property. The essential facts concerning the investigation follow: <h3>THE OYSTER BAY OUTBREAK.</h3> At Oyster Bay in the summer of 1906 six persons in a household of eleven were attacked with typhoid fever. The house was large, surrounded with ample grounds, in a desirable part of the village, and had been rented for the summer by a New York banker. The first person was taken sick on August 27 and the last on September 3. The diagnosis of typhoid was positive. Two of the patients were sent to the
Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Queensland Hospital
Authors: O. B. Williams, J. F. McCaffrey, O. J. Lau
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Investigation in the postoperative period of 75 patients by means of the radioiodinated fibrinogen uptake method, by the use of the Doppler ultrasonic flow detector, and by clinical assessment revealed an incidence of deep vein thrombosis of only 12%. This is distinctly lower than has been reported by other investigators using the same techniques both in Australia and elsewhere. It appears from this study and associated work that the Doppler ultrasonic technique is sufficiently accurate to be of value in the clinical diagnosis of significant deep vein thrombosis.
Non-invasive monitoring of BMP-2 retention and bone formation in composites for bone tissue engineering using SPECT/CT and scintillation probes
Authors: Diederik H.R. Kempen, Michael J. Yaszemski, Andras Heijink, Theresa E. Hefferan, Laura B. Creemers, Jason Britson, Avudaiappan Maran, Kelly L. Classic, Wouter J.A. Dhert, Lichun Lu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Depressed Lateral Tibial Plateau Fracture
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Dr. F. W. Bora, Jr.: A 75-year-old white female was struck by an automobile and sustained injuries to her left knee and right ankle. Her general condition was satisfactory, but there was swelling and tenderness over the anterolateral aspect of the proximal left tibia as well as over the fibula head. The left knee could be extended fully and flexed 40°. In full extension, the knee showed no evidence of instability. There was a moderate joint effusion. The circulation, motor power, and sensation in both lower extremities were normal. The right ankle was swollen, with maximum tenderness over the lateral and medial malleoli. X-rays of the left knee revealed a fracture of the posterior aspect of the lateral tibial condyle with depression of the joint surface, as well as a fracture of the head of the fibula (Fig. 1). X-rays of the right ankle showed a bimalleolar fracture without significant
Management difficulties due to concurrent dermatitis herpetiformis and variegate porphyria
Authors: S. Varma, S.W. Lanigan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Management difficulties due to concurrent dermatitis herpetiformis and variegate porphyria Get access S. Varma, S. Varma Box 100, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.W. Lanigan S.W. Lanigan Department of Dermatology, Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend, Mid Glamorgan CF31 1RQ, U.K.E‐mail: varma@cf.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 3, 1 September 2000, Pages 654–655, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2000.03734.x Published: 01 September 2000
Chemodectoma of the trachea.
Authors: T M Sing, K P Wong, N Young, P Despas
Journal: Thorax (1996)

The case history is described of a patient with lower tracheal chemodectoma who presented with haemoptysis. After conservative management for eight years she represented with airways obstruction. Preoperative tumour embolisation was followed by laser ablation, stenting, and radiotherapy.
Meeting Meaningful Use Criteria and Managing Patient Populations
Authors: Philip A. Verhoef
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters19 November 2013Meeting Meaningful Use Criteria and Managing Patient PopulationsPhilip A. Verhoef, MD, PhDPhilip A. Verhoef, MD, PhDFrom University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-10-201311190-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest DesRoches and colleagues’ article (1) on assessing physician use of EHRs and whether such use was meaningful, as outlined by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. The fundamental flaw in the authors’ research question (and in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ misguided use of this metric) is that the meaningful use criteria pertain to patient care, but the commercially available EHRs are invariably designed to optimize billing and insurance reimbursement. Thus, the finding that fewer than 1 in 10 physicians reported being able to use their systems to meet meaningful ...References1. DesRoches CM, Audet AM, Painter M, Donelan K. Meeting meaningful use criteria and managing patient populations: a national survey of practicing physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:791-9. [PMID: 23732712] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Gans DN. Going electronic pays off. New MGMA report links EHRs with higher medical revenue. MGMA Connex. 2010;10:21-2. [PMID: 21049812] MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Kellermann AL, Jones SS. What it will take to achieve the as-yet-unfulfilled promises of health information technology. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013;32:63-8. [PMID: 23297272] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society. EMR Adoption Model: Stage 7 Hospitals. Accessed at www.himssanalytics.org/hc_providers/stage7hospitals.asp on 28 June 2013. Google Scholar5. Evans DC, Nichol WP, Perlin JB. Effect of the implementation of an enterprise-wide electronic health record on productivity in the Veterans Health Administration. Health Econ Policy Law. 2006;1:163-9. [PMID: 18634688] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Philip A. Verhoef, MD, PhDAffiliations: From University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMeeting Meaningful Use Criteria and Managing Patient Populations Catherine M. DesRoches , Anne-Marie Audet , Michael Painter , and Karen Donelan Meeting Meaningful Use Criteria and Managing Patient Populations Richard Schreiber Metrics 19 November 2013Volume 159, Issue 10Page: 717-718KeywordsComputing systemsConflicts of interestHealth careHealth information technologyInpatientsMedicareOutpatient clinicsPatientsPopulation statisticsVeteran care ePublished: 19 November 2013 Issue Published: 19 November 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Nail pathology in patients with hemiplegia
Authors: M. Siragusa, C. Schepis, F.I.I. Cosentino, R.S. Spada, G. Toscano, R. Ferri
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

It is well known that nails can be involved in some diseases of the central nervous system; however, no systematic study has been carried out in order to evaluate the incidence and the possible mechanisms of these nail changes in hemiplegia.To study the presence of nail pathology specifically associated with hemiplegia and to evaluate its incidence and its temporal relationship with the onset of the neurological deficit.In an open study, fingernails and toenails were examined by a dermatologist; 108 were patients with hemiplegia due to a stroke, consecutively admitted to our Department of Neurology between 1995 and 1998, and 121 were normal controls.Onychodystrophy of fingernails and onychomycosis of toenails were found in both patients with hemiplegia and normal controls. However, three conditions (longitudinal reddish striation, neapolitan nails and unilateral clubbing) were only observed in some patients, always affecting fingernails of the limb affected by hemiplegia. Neapolitan nails were present in three (3%) patients with hemiplegia which had its onset 3-14 months earlier. Hemiplegia had occurred approximately 40 months earlier, on average, in six patients (6%) with longitudinal reddish striation, and 60-120 months prior to unilateral clubbing in another two patients (2%).In this study we were able to assess the presence of three different fingernail conditions that were characteristically associated with hemiplegia (longitudinal reddish striation, neapolitan nails and unilateral clubbing), to evaluate their incidence and to study the delay with which these changes occur after a stroke.
Progression of metastatic human prostate cancer to androgen independence in immunodeficient SCID mice
Authors: Karen A. Klein, Robert E. Reiter, James Redula, Hamid Moradi, Xaio Lin Zhu, Arthur R. Brothman, Dolores J. Lamb, Marco Marcelli, Arie Belldegrun, Owen N. Witte, Charles L. Sawyers
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
Post‐transfusion purpura associated with alloimmunization against the platelet‐specific antigen, bak<sup>a</sup>
Authors: Rudolph M. Keimowitz, Janice Collins, Kent Davis, Richard H. Aster
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Post‐transfusion purpura (PTP) with severe thrombocytopenia occurred eight days after transfusion in a 28‐year‐old woman and responded to treatment with prednisone and plasma exchange. In contrast to nearly all previously studied cases of PTP, the patient's platelets were PI AI ‐positive and anti‐PI AI antibody could not be detected in serum obtained during the thrombocytopenic episode. Her serum was found to contain an antibody specific for a recently described platelet‐specific alloantigen, Bak a , in addition to multiple HLA‐specific antibodies. The patient's platelets, typed following recovery, were Bak a ‐negative. These findings indicate that post‐transfusion purpura can occur in association with alloimmunization to platelet‐specific antigens other than PI AI . In performing the serologic studies, a close relationship and possible identity between Bak a and another recently reported platelet antigen, Lek a , was observed. A method for analyzing mixtures of cytotoxic platelet‐reactive antibodies without separating the individual antibodies is described.
Contraception and infertility.
Authors: K L Oldershaw, M Brudenell
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A case history is presented of a 22-year-old woman who remained infertile following 3 years of oral contraceptive treatment.  The woman had had tuberculous meningitis at the age of 6 but was otherwise normal.  Normal ovulation and the fertility of her husband was confirmed and hospital examination was then recommended.  Laparotomy revealed partially blocked tubes which were successfully corrected by surgery.  Nevertheless despite postoperative hydrotubations tubal potency has not been maintained and the patients infertility remains probably permanently.
Antibiotic Control in a Municipal Hospital
Authors: Rose A. Recco
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The choice of an antibiotic for a patient is often a difficult decision. The clinician must contend with a bewildering variety of bacteria and use a number of expensive and toxic antimicrobial agents judiciously. To deal with the problems of excessive and inappropriate use, the medical staff of Coney Island Hospital established compulsory, prospective antibiotic control. Two years after initiation of this program, we analyzed changes in sensitivity patterns of hospital flora, physicians' prescribing habits, and antibiotic use. A trend toward increasing resistance on the part of some Gram-negative isolates to certain β-lactam antibiotics was noted. Antibiotic costs decreased an average of 38%, while prescribing skills improved. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2283-2286, 1979)
Early gene expression analyzed by cDNA microarray and RT-PCR in osteoblasts cultured with water-soluble and low molecular chitooligosaccharide
Authors: Naoko Ohara, Yoshihiko Hayashi, Shizuka Yamada, Se-Kwon Kim, Tsunenori Matsunaga, Kajiro Yanagiguchi, Takeshi Ikeda
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Fibrinolytic Activity and Thyroid Function
Authors: R. Hume
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The increasing recognition of non-arteriosclerotic endomyo- cardial fibrosis as a significant cause of congestive cardiac failure in adults outside Africa as well as in Africa is noted.Five new cases occurring in Great Britain (one in an African) are added to the mounting literature on the subject.The main clinical and pathological features are summarized, and the suggestion is made that early consideration of the diag- nosis may permit some control of the complications of the disease and effect an improvement in the prognosis.We acknowledge with thanks the permission, freely given, of the physicians of Edgware Hospital to publish these cases, which were under their care.We are grateful to Dr. Hamilton Patterson and Dr.
Perioperative Anesthetic Risk of Noncardiac Surgery in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Randall C. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To determine their perioperative risk, we reviewed the records of 35 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnosed by cardiac ultrasound and/or catheterization who underwent general (52) or spinal (four) anesthesia—a total of 56 major surgical procedures. There were no operative or related perioperative deaths and no significant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Intraoperative or postoperative complications included: myocardial infarction with heart failure in one patient who also had coronary artery disease and was one of three patients who had spinal anesthesia, arrhythmia requiring therapy in eight, and angina during supraventricular tachycardia in one. We conclude that the risk of general anesthesia and major noncardiac surgery is low in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Spinal anesthesia, which decreases systemic vascular resistance and increases capacitance, may be relatively contraindicated. Concomitant coronary artery disease may increase the risk. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:2419-2421)
Josiah Gilbert Holland
Authors: W. A. R. Chapin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

DR. Josiah Gilbert Holland was born on July 24, 1819, in Belchertown, Massachusetts, just twenty-five years after the birth of his only Western Massachusetts male literary equal, William Cullen Bryant, the son of a physician in nearby Cummington. Holland lived but three years after Bryant's death. Holland's ancestry was not unusual in any way, except on the negative side. That Abraham Lincoln rose from equally obscure immediate ancestry is encouraging to many readers.A Congregationalist, as were most of Massachusetts' population in 1800, devoted to the study of the Bible and the salvation of the soul, he early contemplated studying . . .
Mortality among doctors in different occupations.
Authors: R Doll, R Peto
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A total of 20540 male doctors who replied to a questionnaire on their smoking habits that was sent to them on 1 November 1951, and who were aged 35 years and over, were classified according to their occupation as listed in the Medical Directory for 1952 and followed up until 1 November 1971. Examination of the mortality rates in 11 occupational groups showed gross heterogeneity for smoking-related diseases but not for all other diseases grouped together. On average, general practitioners smoked 37% more cigarettes than did hospital physicians and surgeons and the overall death rates among general practitioners were about 23% higher than among physicians and surgeons of similar ages. This excess death rate was chiefly accounted for by a 38% excess mortality from smoking-related diseases such as lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and ischaemic and pulmonary heart disease. The few other statistically significant associations between occupation and disease were thought to be due either to chance or to the effect of the disease on the choice of specialty.
Rational Use of Over-the-counter Medications in Young Children
Authors: Anne Gadomski
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The study by Kogan et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe Journaldocuments the high nationwide prevalence of over-the-counter (OTC) drug use among young children. More than half of all mothers surveyed in this nationally representative sample had given their 3-year-olds an OTC medication, primarily Tylenol or cough or cold medicines, in the past 30 days. Given the high incidence of febrile illnesses and upper respiratory tract infections in young children, the frequency of Tylenol and cough or cold medication use is not surprising. However, we have no assurances that these medications are used correctly. Moreover, the use of cough and cold medicines is increasingly being called into question due to the striking absence of efficacy data on cough and cold medicines in children.<sup>2</sup>The efficacy of cough and cold medications was the focus of a recent congressional hearing,<sup>3</sup>during which the chairman commented: "The sad fact
Tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling pathway and apoptosis in pancreatic β cells
Authors: Nobuko Ishizuka, Kazuo Yagui, Yoshiharu Tokuyama, Katsumi Yamada, Yoshifumi Suzuki, Jun-ichi Miyazaki, Naotake Hashimoto, Hideichi Makino, Yasushi Saito, Azuma Kanatsuka
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Macromolecular Composition of Stress Fiber–Plasma Membrane Attachment Sites in Endothelial Cells In Situ
Authors: Yumiko Kano, Kazuo Katoh, Michitaka Masuda, Keigi Fujiwara
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Stress fibers (SFs) are present along the apical (apical SF) and the basal (basal SF) portions of cultured cells. We have recently shown that apical SFs are anchored to the apical plasma membrane (PM) in a manner similar to how basal SFs are attached to focal adhesion sites. We propose calling such apical SF–membrane attachment sites “apical plaques.” To study the macromolecular composition of the apical plaque and the focal adhesion in endothelial cells (ECs) in situ, we examined by confocal laser scanning and fluorescence microscopy guinea pig aortae stained with various antibodies against focal adhesion–associated proteins. Basal SFs oriented parallel to the blood flow direction were mainly located in the upstream half of the cell. Thin apical SFs were also observed. Spotty staining patterns were observed in the basal and the apical portions of cells stained with anti-vinculin, anti-talin, anti-paxillin, or anti-fibronectin receptor, indicating the presence of focal adhesions and apical plaques in ECs in situ. Although fibronectin receptors were present in the apical plaque, fibronectin was not detected on the apical cell surface. Our data suggest that the molecules responsible for the SF-PM association are the same between in vitro and in situ cells. Our results appear to support a hypothesis that the SF system is involved in sensing and/or signal transduction of fluid mechanical forces.
Human Pathogens Abundant in the Bacterial Metagenome of Cigarettes
Authors: Amy R. Sapkota, Sibel Berger, Timothy M. Vogel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Many studies have evaluated chemical, heavy metal, and other abiotic substances present in cigarettes and their roles in the development of lung cancer and other diseases, yet no studies have comprehensively evaluated bacterial diversity of cigarettes and the possible impacts of these microbes on respiratory illnesses in smokers and exposed nonsmokers.The goal of this study was to explore the bacterial metagenomes of commercially available cigarettes.A 16S rRNA-based taxonomic microarray and cloning and sequencing were used to evaluate total bacterial diversity of four brands of cigarettes. Normalized microarray data were compared using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis to evaluate potential differences in microbial diversity across cigarette brands.Fifteen different classes of bacteria and a broad range of potentially pathogenic organisms were detected in all cigarette samples. Most notably, we detected Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Clostridium, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia in > or = 90% of all cigarette samples. Other pathogenic bacteria detected included Campylobacter, Enterococcus, Proteus, and Staphylococcus. No significant variability in bacterial diversity was observed across the four different cigarette brands.Previous studies have shown that smoking is associated with colonization by pathogenic bacteria and an increased risk of lung infections. However, this is the first study to show that cigarettes themselves could be the direct source of exposure to a wide array of potentially pathogenic microbes among smokers and other people exposed to secondhand smoke. The overall public health implications of these findings are unclear at this time, and future studies are necessary to determine whether bacteria in cigarettes could play important roles in the development of both infectious and chronic respiratory diseases.
Scintigraphic Diagnosis of Protein Losing Enteropathy Using Tc-99m Dextran
Authors: ASEEM BHATNAGAR, DEEPAK LAHOTI, AJAY KUMAR SINGH, L RAVI SHANKAR, BHUPESH SHARMA, THAKURI SINGH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The authors performed abdominal scintigraphy using intravenously administered Tc-99m dextran in a patient with protein losing enteropathy. The study revealed abnormal leakage of the radiotracer in the left lumber area that moved over time in a pattern suggestive of small intestinal transit. Besides being a nonprotein and having long stay in intravascular compartment, the macromolecule may have many advantages over Tc-99m human serum albumin, the current radiotracer of choice for imaging intestinal protein loss.