tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An IL-13 inhibitor blocks the development of hepatic fibrosis during a T-helper type 2–dominated inflammatory response
Authors: Mónica G. Chiaramonte, Debra D. Donaldson, Allen W. Cheever, Thomas A. Wynn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

In schistosomiasis, chronic parasite egg-induced granuloma formation can lead to tissue destruction and fibrosis, which causes much of the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Here we show the importance of IL-13 in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis, and demonstrate, perhaps for the first time, the therapeutic efficacy of an IL-13 inhibitor, sIL-13Ralpha2-Fc, in the control of hepatic fibrosis. T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines dominate the immune response in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni, yet the specific contributions of IL-13 and IL-4 to the development of fibrosis were not previously investigated. Our studies demonstrate that both cytokines play redundant roles in granuloma formation, which explains the ability of IL-4-deficient mice to form granulomas around eggs. More importantly, however, these studies demonstrate that IL-13 is the dominant Th2-type cytokine regulating fibrosis. IL-13 stimulated collagen production in fibroblasts, and procollagen I and procollagen III mRNA expression was decreased in sIL-13Ralpha2-Fc-treated mice. Moreover, the reduction in fibrosis observed in IL-4-deficient mice was much less pronounced than that in sIL-13Ralpha2-Fc-treated animals. Fibrosis is a major pathological manifestation of a number of allergic, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. Thus, our findings provide evidence that IL-13 inhibitors may be of general therapeutic benefit in preventing damaging tissue fibrosis resulting from Th2-dominated inflammatory responses.
Effect of high dose inhaled fluticasone propionate on airway inflammation in asthma.
Authors: H Booth, I Richmond, C Ward, P V Gardiner, R Harkawat, E H Walters
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Inhaled corticosteroids are now first-line therapy for most patients with asthma. However, it has been shown that there is ongoing airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness even in the presence of low dose inhaled corticosteroids. To ensure a maximal therapeutic potential we investigated the effect of 3 mo of a very high dose of a new inhaled corticosteroid, fluticasone propionate (FP) (equivalent to 4,000 micrograms daily of beclomethasone dipropionate [BDP]. Twenty asthmatics with mild-to-moderate disease were recruited into this single-blind study. Baseline data were compared with those from 26 normal subjects. Differences in inflammatory indices between asthmatics and normal subjects were detected in both BAL and endobronchial biopsies. After the FP treatment period there was a significant improvement in symptom scores, lung function, and airway responsiveness by a mean 2.8 doubling dilutions of methacholine. Reduction in the airway lymphocyte load and lymphocyte activation was demonstrated and is likely to be an important mechanism mediating the effects of inhaled corticosteroids. Decreased mast cell numbers and activity in atopic asthma suggest that corticosteroids may have additional targets in different types of asthma. Reduced lymphocyte and mast cell activity was found with high dose FP even in those receiving low dose maintenance BDP prior to the study, suggesting a dose-response effect of inhaled corticosteroids on airway inflammation. BAL eosinophilia was still present after FP, indicative of a component of asthmatic airway inflammation that is relatively resistant to corticosteroid therapy.
Septic Arthritis Caused by Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Richard C. Yocum
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The traditional view that Propionibacterium acnes is nonpathogenic for man, except as an agent associated with acne vulgaris, has been refuted. Propionibacterium acnes has been shown to cause endocarditis, meningitis, and other serious infections. We report a case of P acnes infection causing septic arthritis and contributing to a concurrent soft-tissue infection. This case supports and extends previous observations of the clinical importance of P acnes as a pathogen. A positive culture for P acnes cannot be uncritically dismissed as a bothersome contaminant without considering the clinical circumstances.
THE USE OF COMMERCIAL MILK SUGAR IN INFANT-FEEDING.Read in the Section of Diseases of Children at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: E. F. BRUSH
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Some time ago a gentleman came to me, who had been sent by his physician for me to discover, if I could, what the trouble was with the milk which he was feeding his baby. He brought a sample with him, it was very slightly gray in color, and the caseine was precipitated in a fine granular deposit, the odor was slightly disagreeable. On inquiry, I found the mixture to be that known as the "Meigg's mixture" as recommended by Dr. Robert in the article on "Infant Feeding" in Keating's Cyclopedia. After a thorough investigation as to the milk and cream, I could find nothing wrong with these constituents of the mixture. I then ascertained that he had been using the mixture for some weeks, and that he had not observed the foregoing change before. Then I questioned him as to what new conditions were existing when this change took
Bone Scanning in Management of Metastatic Osteogenic Sarcoma
Authors: ASLAM R. SIDDIQUI, HENRY N. WELLMAN, ROBERT M WEETMAN, WILBUR L. SMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

Bone scan findings are presented from five consecutive cases of metastatic osteogenic sarcoma. Every patient had pulmonary metastases which concentrated the bone imaging radiopharmaceutical to some degree. In one patient, the diagnosis of pulmonary metastasis was made prior to our seeing any radiographic abnormalities. The mechanism by which skeletal imaging agents localize in pulmonary lesions is not clear. Unsuspected skeletal metastases were also discovered on scans in two patients, both of whom had normal radiographs. Diagnosis of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy was made in one patient with normal radiographs. These findings indicate that bone scans as well as radiographs should be performed routinely in preoperative staging and followup of patients with osteogenic sarcoma.
381 DISEASE PROGRESSION OF SIMPLE STEATOSIS AND NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS – A PROSPECTIVE STUDY WITH PAIRED LIVER BIOPSIES 3 YEARS APART
Authors: V.W.-S. Wong, G.L.-H. Wong, P.C.-L. Choi, A.W.-H. Chan, M.K.-P. Li, H.-Y. Chan, H.L.-Y. Chan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare
Authors: Van M. Sim
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The action of nerve gas is to inhibit cholinesterase in the body and so to intensify the actions of existing acetylcholine. The primary cause of death is hypoxia, resulting from paralysis of both central and peripheral respiratory mechanisms. Atropine is therapeutic for certain of the autonomic and central nervous effects but has little if any effect against paralysis of the diaphragm and of accessory muscles of respiration. Therefore, the severe casualty will require artificial respiration until there is a return of spontaneous respiration. In the event of chemical warfare, nonmedical people will be responsible for rendering immediate treatment to the mass casualties that will result. The training of both civilian and military populations in treatment procedures is essential.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with peptic ulcer disease: rarely justified in terms of cost or patient benefit.
Authors: C. Hawkey
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with peptic ulcer disease: rarely justified in terms of cost or patient benefit Chris HawkeyThe prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is so widespread that all prescribers inevitably face difficult decisions about their use.Decisions related to peptic ulcers are taken on the basis of remarkably little available data.
Association Between Opioid Use and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Waqas T. Qureshi, Wesley T. O’Neal, Yulia Khodneva, Suzanne Judd, Monika M. Safford, Paul Muntner, Elsayed Z. Soliman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Variation is frequently cited as evidence of unnecessary or wasteful health care, because we would expect a patient's medical condition, not geography or health care professional, to dictate who receives a particular procedure or service.Understanding how much variation is owing to regions vs providers within regions can help in devising strategies to reduce variation.A 2013 Institute of Medicine report 5 found that differences in individual provider and hospital practices explained variation more than did regional patterns.Hussey, a member of that Institute of Medicine committee, and colleagues 1 analyze in depth some of the Medicare data on variation in their article.They find that conditions that more frequently involved post-acute care explained much of the variation by region.Post-acute care refers to a wide range of services, which include skilled nursing facilities, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, home health aides, outpatient physical and occupational therapy, and long-term care facilities.For example, joint replacement of a lower extremity had more than 4 times as much regional variation as conditions that do not generally involve post-acute care, such as gastrointestinal bleeding.The association of post-acute care with the variation seen by Hussey et al is consistent with a 2011 report 2 from the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission that found that use of postacute care services explained the largest portion of Medicare variation at the metropolitan statistical-area level.Medicare spends more than $59 billion on post-acute care, which has more than doubled since 2001.Discharges to postacute care facilities have increased nearly 50% during the past 15 years. 3Post-acute care is a major contributor to the costs of a hospitalization episode, because 42% of Medicare beneficiaries are discharged from hospitals to post-acute care. 4The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission's recommendations to Congress, which promote site-neutral payments for post-acute care, may help reduce variation and increase highvalue care for Medicare beneficiaries.
Pharmaceutical Desktop References
Authors: Arleen E. Petrucco
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 May 1994Pharmaceutical Desktop ReferencesArleen E. Petrucco, PharmD, Sarah C. Erush, PharmD, and Angela A. Allerman, PharmDArleen E. Petrucco, PharmDHahnemann University Hospital; Philadelphia, PA 19102Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104Thomas Jefferson University Hospital; Philadelphia, PA 19107Search for more papers by this author, Sarah C. Erush, PharmDHahnemann University Hospital; Philadelphia, PA 19102Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104Thomas Jefferson University Hospital; Philadelphia, PA 19107Search for more papers by this author, and Angela A. Allerman, PharmDHahnemann University Hospital; Philadelphia, PA 19102Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104Thomas Jefferson University Hospital; Philadelphia, PA 19107Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-9-199405010-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Day's evaluation of tertiary drug reference texts [1] contains some inaccurate and incomplete information. Day states that the Physicians' Desk Reference has four separate indexes, making location of generic names difficult. In fact, one index is for both generic and chemical names, and a quick scan of this index revealed only generic names.He also says that USP Drug Information and AHFS Drug Information organize the approved labeling more effectively than the Physicians' Desk Reference. These monographs are based on primary references, not the package insert. Although neither contains bibliographic references, the editors of AHFS Drug ...REFERENCE1. Day RP. Desktop drug information. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:936-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hahnemann University Hospital; Philadelphia, PA 19102Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104Thomas Jefferson University Hospital; Philadelphia, PA 19107 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1994Volume 120, Issue 9Page: 813-814KeywordsAIDSDrug informationDrugsFallsFood and Drug AdministrationHeart failureInvestigational new drugOutpatientsPharmacistsUnited States pharmacopeia ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER BY MEANS OF THE BLOOD.
Authors: A. HIRST APPEL
Journal: JAMA (1897)

In a recent article upon the subject of continued fevers,<sup>1</sup>its distinguished author commenting upon anomalous typhoid, writes "it will lurk and hide its features completely, where it is unsuspected the difficulties attending its clear discernment from certain continued fevers of considerable duration not typhoid, may bafflle even the most sagacious physician." Among the febrile conditions the diagnosis of which may offer at times extreme difficulties of differentiation, he enumerates remittent and relapsing fevers; influenza; the the "ardent fever" of the tropics; "thermic" fever (Guitéras); "asthenic" simple fever (Murchison); "starvation" fever (DaCosta); "Malta" or "rock" fever (Milner); atypical continued fever" (Cain), from a supposed septic agency in the soil; "cypress" fever (probably relapsing fever); the "simple continued fever" described by Baumgarten (doubtful as to its being anomalous typhoid); the prolonged fevers arising in connection with local conditions, as from miliary tubercle, the fever of fecal accumulations, at times closely
Diffuse and Intense Tc-99m HMDP Localization in the Liver Due to Hypoxia Secondary to Respiratory Failure
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, JOHN COUPAL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

After left lower lobe lobectomy for lung carcinoma, a patient had acute respiratory failure secondary to pneumonia and pulmonary embolism requiring a ventilator. Tc-99m HMDP bone scan showed diffuse, intense hepatic uptake. Concurrent liver enzymes indicated hepatic necrosis. Two weeks later the patient died and a limited chest autopsy confirmed acute adult onset respiratory distress syndrome. Etiologic factors of massive hepatic necrosis in relation to hepatic localization of bone imaging agent and its prognostic outcome are discussed.
Interstitial-cell Tumour of the Testis in a Child
Authors: P. M. F. Bishop, D. P. van Meurs, D. R. C. Willcox, D. Arnold
Journal: BMJ (1960)

STUDIES OF REGIONAL LUNG FUNCTION BmJoN labelled with carbon-Il (Tobias et al., 1945) have been employed, again in circulation studies.The use of such gases, combined with external counting over lung, could be complementary to the oxygen-15 technique and broaden the approach to the clinical problems described in this paper.Summary The cyclotron-produced radioactive isotope oxygen-15, with a half-life of two minutes, has been used to study regional lung function.There is no intubation of the patient.Pairs of scintillation counters placed on the chest wall have been used to measure radiation from two regions simultaneously.From observation of counting-rates during breath-holding following a single inspiration of active gas, the relative ventilation and blood-flow of the regions is assessed.This paper describes the results obtained in selected patients with abnormal lung function.
Missing Data and Multiple Imputation
Authors: Peter Cummings
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Missing data can result in biased estimates of the association between an exposure<i>X</i>and an outcome<i>Y</i>. Even in the absence of bias, missing data can hurt precision, resulting in wider confidence intervals. Analysts should examine the missing data pattern and try to determine the causes of the missingness. Modern software has simplified multiple imputation of missing data and the analysis of multiply imputed data to the point where this method should be part of any analyst’s toolkit. Multiple imputation will often, but not always, reduce bias and increase precision compared with complete-case analysis. Some exceptions to this rule are noted in this review. When describing study results, authors should disclose the amount of missing data and other details. Investigators should consider how to minimize missing data when planning a study.
The combination of oral acitretin and bath PUVA for the treatment of severe psoriasis
Authors: S. MUCHENBERGER, E. SCHöPF, J.C. SIMON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article The combination of oral acitretin and bath PUVA for the treatment of severe psoriasis Get access S. MUCHENBERGER, S. MUCHENBERGER Photodermatology Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. SCHöPF, E. SCHöPF Photodermatology Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.C. SIMON J.C. SIMON Photodermatology Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany J.C. Simon MD, Department of Dermatology, Hauptstraβe 7, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 4, 1 October 1997, Pages 587–589, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03791.x Published: 01 October 1997 Article history Accepted: 16 May 1997 Published: 01 October 1997
The Doctor and the Athlete
Authors: Kenneth D. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The author is a surgeon who serves at Yale as football team physician and intercollegiate athletic surgeon. With literary competance, he has produced a truly practical and readable book, directed primarily to the nonspecialist whose responsibilities encompass preventive care and treatment of athletes. The first part deals with general principles and covers such important areas as pre-participation examination, general conditioning, diets and habits, and proper playing conditions. Ten pages are given to a discussion of the pathology of injury, recovery, and rehabilitation. Part 2, comprising three fourths of the total volume, is devoted to diagnosis and treatment of common athletic injuries. Divided into 14 chapters, it covers injuries from the skin through deep visceral organs. Where necessary for clarification, diagrams of anatomy and taping procedures are included, although the author assumes physician competence in the former and grants the athletic trainer competence in the latter. It is unique to find
Decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapy in ICU patients independently predict hospital death
Authors: Élie Azoulay, Frédéric Pochard, Maité Garrouste-Orgeas, Delphine Moreau, Laurent Montesino, Christophe Adrie, Arnaud de Lassence, Yves Cohen, Jean-François Timsit
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2003)
Impact of Pulmonary Valve Replacement on Arrhythmia Propensity Late After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: J. Therrien, S. C. Siu, L. Harris, A. Dore, K. Niwa, J. Janousek, W. G. Williams, G. Webb, M. A. Gatzoulis
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Chronic pulmonary regurgitation after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) may lead to right ventricular dilatation, which may be accompanied by ventricular tachycardia and sudden death. We aimed to examine the effects of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) on (1) certain electrocardiographic markers predictive of monomorphic ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death and (2) sustained atrial flutter/fibrillation and monomorphic ventricular tachycardia.We studied 70 patients who underwent PVR for pulmonary regurgitation and/or right ventricular outflow tract obstruction late after repair of TOF. Maximum QRS duration and QT dispersion were measured from standard ECGs before PVR and at the latest follow-up. Arrhythmia was defined as sustained atrial flutter/fibrillation or sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Concomitant intraoperative electrophysiological mapping and/or cryoablation were performed in 9 patients (60%) with preexisting ventricular tachycardia and 6 patients (50%) with preexisting atrial flutter. QRS duration remained unchanged in the study group (P=0.46), but it was significantly prolonged (P<0.001) in a comparable group of patients with repaired TOF who did not undergo PVR. At a mean follow-up of 4.7 years, the incidence of ventricular tachycardia diminished from 22% to 9% (P<0.001), and atrial flutter/fibrillation decreased from 17% to 12% (P=0.32). Intraoperative ablation prevented recurrence of preexisting tachyarrhythmia (0 of 15 patients).PVR in patients with previous TOF repair and chronic pulmonary regurgitation leads to stabilization of QRS duration and, in conjunction with intraoperative cryoablation, to a decrease in the incidence of preexisting atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmia. When applicable, this combined approach should be used in patients late after repair of TOF.
Our Ailing Public Hospitals — Cure Them or Close Them?
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

In several major cities, authorities have announced their intention to sell, close, or drastically cut the services of public hospitals.13 Reductions in payments for the elderly and poor from federal, state, and local governments threaten the viability of institutions that have served the public in some instances for more than a century. For many of us, even their names — Boston City Hospital, L.A. County Hospital, Jackson Memorial, Grady, and Bellevue — evoke memories of a time when public hospitals were a proud symbol of the dedication of staff physicians and nurses to the needy and represented the very . . .
Maternal Exposure to Potential Teratogens
Authors: James J. Nora
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A prospective study of 240 mothers observed until delivery reveals a high frequency of exposure to potential teratogens in the first trimester of pregnancy (mean exposure per mother, 3.7 potentially teratogenic agents). Although some exposures are unavoidable, the great majority of these exposures, including radiation and drugs, would be considered readily avoidable. The mean experience in the first trimester was 3.1 drug exposures per mother, which emphasizes not only that drug exposures are common, but that they are frequently multiple. Drugs used by the mothers were most often obtained by prescription. The significance of the role of teratogens in human malformations is not clearly established. However, until adequate information is available, it is appropriate to emphasize the magnitude of drug and other potentially teratogenic exposures to pregnant women and to enlist the support of physicians in the reduction of this exposure.