tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lacrimal gland enlargement in sickle cell disease
Authors: Adeboye H. Adewoye, Jean Ramsey, Lillian McMahon, Osamu Sakai, Martin H. Steinberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) may have ocular complications. We present the a case of a patient with SCD, with an acute painful episode involving the limbs and periorbital region, who also twice developed an unusual complication of recurrent bilateral lacrimal gland enlargement, not previously reported in the medical literature.
Abstract 386: Real-time noninvasive optical imaging of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis inhibition and normalization
Authors: Qingbei Zhang, Vytas Bindokas, Jikun Shen, Robert M. Hoffman, H. Rosie Xing
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have developed and optimized non-invasive in vivo imaging to continuously visualize and characterize tumor angiogenesis and vascular response to anticancer therapies in real time in live mice. Tumor vessels could be monitored longitudinally undergoing vasculogenesis and angiogenesis the same mouse. Morphometric changes of the same vessel prior to and after drug treatment were captured with high resolution. Differences in vascular responses to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and to an anti-VEGF antibody were imaged. The multi-channel imaging capability of the OV100 small animal imaging system (Olympus) enabled visualization of the functional integrity (permeability) of tumor vessels before and after anti-angiogenic therapies using the near-infrared blood pool reagent Angiosense750. We observed real-time tumor vessel normalization as demonstrated by significantly reduced leakiness and subsequent improved delivery of BODPY-Paclitaxel upon administration of low-dose and short-term anti-angiogenic therapy. Further, alterations in Angiosense750 tumor retention in response to different treatments were confirmed and quantified using noninvasive fluorescent molecular tomography (VisEN FMT). Histological, and immunofluorescence staining (CD31, lectin, SMA, NG2) along with confocal microscopy, confirmed the in vivo imaging observations. Thus, imaging is a powerful tool for investigating tumor angiogenic progression and for preclinical drug screening of anti-angiogenic agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 386.
The Orphans of Eritrea: Are Orphanages Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution?
Authors: Peter H. Wolff, Gebremeskel Fesseha
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Objective:This study compared the mental health and cognitive development of 9- to 12-year-old Eritrean war orphans living in two orphanages that differed qualitatively in patterns of staff interaction and styles of child care management. Method:The directors and several child care workers at each institution were asked to complete staff organization and child management questionnaires. The psychological state of 40 orphans at each institution was evaluated by comparing their behavioral symptoms and performance on cognitive measures. Results:Orphans who lived in a setting where the entire staff participated in decisions affecting the children, and where the children were encouraged to become self-reliant through personal interactions with staff members, showed significantly fewer behavioral symptoms of emotional distress than orphans who lived in a setting where the director made decisions, daily routines were determined by explicit rules and schedules, and interactions between staff members and the children were impersonal.Conclusions:When orphanages are the only means of survival for war orphans, a group setting where the staff shares in the responsibilities of child management, is sensitive to the individuality of the children, and establishes stable personal ties with the children serves the emotional needs and psychological development of the orphans more effectively than a group setting that attempts to create a secure environment through an authoritative style of management with explicit rules and well-defined schedules. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1319-1324
The Radiation Attack
Authors: Carlo A. Cuccia
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Supervoltage therapy has definitely proven its superiority over orthovoltage therapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The advantages of such a modality are so obvious that, in the treatment of deeply infiltrating, high-grade carcinomas of the urinary bladder, radiation therapy, which was originally of dubious usefulness, has become the treatment of choice. In the past, orthovoltage radiotherapy, plagued by its many limitations, such as severe skin reactions, poor patient tolerance, marked radiation cystitis, inability to deliver a cancericidal dose, and unsatisfactory tumor control, was only able to provide a five-year survival frequency not exceeding 5%. Supervoltage therapy (with 1 million to 24 million volts, cesium 137, or cobalt [<sup>60</sup>Co]), being able to deliver a cancericidal dose to the pelvis or bladder with reduced reactions and a small incidence of complications, has drastically improved such results. In addition to the technical advantages offered by supervoltage equipment, a
Chronic headache: the role of deformity of the nasal septum
Authors: A. Hopkins
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The NK-lymphocyte has more recently been identified as a peroxidase containing leukocyte, and this cell has been implicated in auto- immune disease.Again we have noted that K562 cell induced chemiluminescence is inhibited by methimazole and propylthiouracil.Cytolysis of these specific target cells was also suppressed indicating that NK-lymphocyte function can be appreciably influenced by the antithyroid drugs.The remaining lymphocyte populations do not possess peroxidase, but phytohaemagglutinin induced transformation is modulated suggesting yet a further regu- latory role.Finally, the role of thiocarbamides on prostaglandin, thromboxane, and prostacyclin synthesis cannot be ignored.The conversion of prostaglandin G2 to prostaglandin H2 is accomplished by a prostaglandin peroxidase, and we have noted that methimazole and propylthiouracil are co-oxygenated in this reaction, stimulating the uptake of oxygen by cyclo-oxygenase.It is apparent that thiocarbamide drugs have considerable immunoregulatory potential, but the extent of this role still requires elucidation.
The Scintigraphic Appearance of de Quervain Tenosynovitis
Authors: William D. Leslie
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The purpose of this study is to describe the scintigraphic pattern of de Quervain tenosynovitis, a common inflammatory condition of the thumb tendon sheaths related to repetitive use.The author conducted a retrospective audit of consecutive cases with independent clinical validation of the final diagnosis.There were 7 cases of clinically confirmed de Quervain tenosynovitis. The typical scintigraphic finding was a focal area of superficial linear hyperemia and skeletal uptake along the radial aspect of the distal radius corresponding to the anatomic location of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. All cases showed an abnormality on at least one phase of the bone scan.Bone scanning appears to be of value in the differential diagnosis of dorsolateral wrist pain when clinical findings are nondiagnostic. The scintigraphic appearance of de Quervain tenosynovitis can help to confirm the diagnosis while excluding other causes of wrist pain. Determining the sensitivity and specificity of this pattern will require further research.
THE TREATMENT OF BLUE DOME CYST
Authors: EDWIN I. BARTLETT
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The term "blue dome cyst" was first employed to designate a benign cyst filled with straw-colored fluid that showed a blue color when cut down on. Subsequent investigations have shown that all cysts of the breast excepting the galactoceles are bluish, regardless of the fluid content, though there may be some variation in shade and intensity of color, depending on the thickness of the wall or the degree of cloudiness of the fluid. The expression is still used in its original sense, and means a retention cyst resulting from blockage of the duct in association with involutional changes, or with an hypertrophy and abnormal secretion. In the process of involution, a portion of the breast may fail to atrophy, and, with the continued activity of the epithelial cells lining the ducts and alveoli, a cyst may be formed. Subsequently, the epithelium of the structures outside the cavity may atrophy either
Video Reconstruction of Vasospastic Transient Monocular Blindness
Authors: Axel Petzold, Niaz Islam, Gordon T. Plant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

To the Editor: The differential diagnosis of transient monocular blindness includes embolism, hypercoagulability, hemodynamic changes, papilledema, vasculitis, and vasospasm. Although it has been r...
Diffuse Peritonitis from Gangrene of Hernial Sac
Authors: J. T. Chesterman
Journal: BMJ (1945)

With a penicillin-insensitive strain, on the other hand, the production of acid is not susceptible to inhibition by penicillin.This is shown in Table V. TABLE V Presence or Absence of Colour of Contents of Clot After Varying Tubes Before and After Final Concentration Periods of Incubation Incubation (0 02 ml. of of Penicillin in with Penicillin-insensi-0 04%/ Neutral Red Oxford Units .tive Afibrinolytic Strain was Added to Each per ml. of Staph.pyogenes Tube) 3 hrs. 9hrs.Initially 9 hrs.
Peripheral Blood “Endothelial Progenitor Cells” Are Derived From Monocyte/Macrophages and Secrete Angiogenic Growth Factors
Authors: Jalees Rehman, Jingling Li, Christie M. Orschell, Keith L. March
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been isolated from peripheral blood and can enhance angiogenesis after infusion into host animals. It is not known whether the proangiogenic effects are a result of such events as endothelial differentiation and subsequent proliferation of EPCs or secondary to secretion of angiogenic growth factors.Human EPCs were isolated as previously described, and their phenotypes were confirmed by uptake of acetylated LDL and binding of ulex-lectin. EPC proliferation and surface marker expression were analyzed by flow cytometry, and conditioned medium was assayed for growth factors. The majority of EPCs expressed monocyte/macrophage markers such as CD14 (95.7+/-0.3%), Mac-1 (57.6+/-13.5%), and CD11c (90.8+/-4.9%). A much lower percentage of cells expressed the specific endothelial marker VE-cadherin (5.2+/-0.7%) or stem/progenitor-cell markers AC133 (0.16+/-0.05%) and c-kit (1.3+/-0.7%). Compared with circulating monocytes, cultured EPCs showed upregulation of monocyte activation and macrophage differentiation markers. EPCs did not demonstrate any significant proliferation but did secrete the angiogenic growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.Our findings suggest that acetylated LDL(+)ulex-lectin(+) cells, commonly referred to as EPCs, do not proliferate but release potent proangiogenic growth factors. The majority of acetylated LDL(+)ulex-lectin(+) cells are derived from monocyte/macrophages. The findings of low proliferation and endothelial differentiation suggest that their angiogenic effects are most likely mediated by growth factor secretion. These findings may allow for development of novel angiogenic therapies relying on secreted growth factors or on recruitment of endogenous monocytes/macrophages to sites of ischemia.
The Challenge of Medicine in the '70s
Authors: Chase Patterson Kimball
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Make no little plans. They have no magic to stir men's blood and probably themselves will not be realized. Make big plans. Aim high in hope and work, remembering that a noble, logical diagram once recorded will never die, but long after we are gone will be a living thing, asserting itself with ever-growing insistence. Remember that our sons and grandsons are going to do things that would stagger us. Let your watchword be order and your beacon beauty. Think big. Daniel Burnham, Pioneer Chicago Architect and City Planner
Contact Dermatitis from 4-Tertiary Butyl Catechol in Thermo-Fax Paper
Authors: Myron H. Matz, Irvin H. Blank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

I 'HIS report describes a case of dermatitis due to contact with the 4-tertiary butyl catechol in Thermo-Fax paper as it was manufactured before 1958, as well as the methods employed to identify this chemical as the allergen. Previously published reports have also called attention to a sensitivity to this duplicating paper.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 In 4 of these it was indicated that 4-tertiary butyl catechol might have been the irritant.1 , 3 , 6 , 7 In the present case it was possible to demonstrate that 4-tertiary butyl catechol was clearly the offending agent.Case ReportA 22-year-old woman was first seen on March 14, 1956, with . . .
The urine microRNA profile may help monitor post-transplant renal graft function
Authors: Daniel G. Maluf, Catherine I. Dumur, Jihee L. Suh, Mariano J. Scian, Anne L. King, Helen Cathro, Jae K. Lee, Ricardo C. Gehrau, Kenneth L. Brayman, Lorenzo Gallon, Valeria R. Mas
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. Demonstration of a single mutant allele common to the Japanese.
Authors: Y Hidaka, S A Tarlé, S Fujimori, N Kamatani, W N Kelley, T D Palella
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Complete adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency causes 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis. In previous reports, analysis of the kinetic properties of APRT from APRT-deficient Japanese subjects revealed strikingly similar abnormalities suggesting a distinct "Japanese-type" mutation. In this paper, we report studies of 11 APRT-deficient lymphoblast cell lines. Nucleotide sequence analysis of APRT genomic DNA from WR2, a Japanese-type homozygote, identified a T to C substitution in exon 5, giving rise to the substitution of threonine for methionine at position 136. RNase mapping analysis confirmed this mutation in WR2 and revealed that six other Japanese-type homozygotes carry the same mutation on at least one allele. The remaining Japanese subject, who does not express the Japanese-type phenotype, did not demonstrate this mutation. Southern blot analysis showed that all seven Japanese-type subjects were confined to one TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) haplotype. These studies provide direct evidence for the nature of the mutation in the Japanese-type APRT deficiency.
Incremental Treatment Costs in National Cancer Institute–Sponsored Clinical Trials
Authors: Dana P. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (2003)

ContextConcern about additional costs for direct patient care impedes efforts to enroll patients in clinical trials. But generalizable evidence substantiating these concerns is lacking.ObjectiveTo assess the additional cost of treating cancer patients in the National Cancer Institute (NCI)–sponsored clinical trials in the United States across a range of trial phases, treatment modalities, and patient care settings.DesignRetrospective cost study using a multistage, stratified, random sample of patients enrolled in 1 of 35 active phase 3 trials or phase 1 or any phase 2 trials between October 1, 1998, and December 31, 1999. Unadjusted and adjusted costs were compared and related to trial phase, institution type, and vital status.Setting and ParticipantsA representative sample of 932 cancer patients enrolled in nonpediatric, NCI-sponsored clinical trials and 696 nonparticipants with a similar stage of disease not enrolled in a research protocol from 83 cancer clinical research institutions across the United States.Main Outcome MeasuresDirect treatment costs as measured using a combination of medical records, telephone survey, and Medicare claims data. Administrative and other research costs were excluded.ResultsThe incremental costs of direct care in trials were modest. Over approximately a 2.5-year period, adjusted costs were 6.5% higher for trial participants than nonparticipants ($35 418 vs $33 248; P = .11). Cost differences for phase 3 studies were 3.5% (P = .22), lower than for phase 1 or 2 trials (12.8%; P = .20). Trial participants who died had higher costs than nonparticipants who died (17.9%; $39 420 vs $33 432, respectively; P = .15).ConclusionsTreatment costs for nonpediatric clinical trial participants are on average 6.5% higher than what they would be if patients did not enroll. This implies total incremental treatment costs for NCI–sponsored trials of $16 million in 1999. Incremental costs were higher for patients who died and who were in early phase studies although these findings deserve further scrutiny. Overall, the additional treatment costs of an open reimbursement policy for government-sponsored cancer clinical trials appear minimal.
Role of hepatic fibrin in idiosyncrasy-like liver injury from lipopolysaccharide-ranitidine coexposure in rats
Authors: James P. Luyendyk, Jane F. Maddox, Christopher D. Green, Patricia E. Ganey, Robert A. Roth
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Coadministration of nonhepatotoxic doses of the histamine 2–receptor antagonist ranitidine (RAN) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in hepatocellular injury in rats, the onset of which occurs in 3 to 6 hours. This reaction resembles RAN idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity in humans. Early fibrin deposition occurs in livers of rats cotreated with LPS/RAN. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that the hemostatic system contributes to liver injury in LPS/RAN–treated rats. Rats were given either LPS (44.4 × 106 EU/kg) or its vehicle, then RAN (30 mg/kg) or its vehicle 2 hours later. They were killed 2, 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours after RAN treatment, and liver injury was estimated from serum alanine aminotransferase activity. A modest elevation in serum hyaluronic acid, which was most pronounced in LPS/RAN–cotreated rats, suggested altered sinusoidal endothelial cell function. A decrease in plasma fibrinogen and increases in thrombin–antithrombin dimers and in serum concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor–1 occurred before the onset of liver injury. Hepatic fibrin deposition was observed in livers from LPS/RAN–cotreated rats 3 and 6 hours after RAN. Liver injury was abolished by the anticoagulant heparin and was significantly attenuated by the fibrinolytic agent streptokinase. Hypoxia, one potential consequence of sinusoidal fibrin deposition, was observed in livers of LPS/RAN–treated rats. In conclusion, the results suggest that the hemostatic system is activated after LPS/RAN cotreatment and that fibrin deposition in liver is important for the genesis of hepatic parenchymal cell injury in this model. (Hepatology 2004;40:1342-1351.)
Vasculitis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies associated with propylthiouracil therapy
Authors: K.M. Dolman, A.E.G.Kr. von dem Borne, R. Goldschmeding, R.D.B. Gans, AjM Donker, Th.J. Vervaat, G. Zevenbergen, D. Maingay, R.E. Nikkels, A.E.G.Kr. von dem Borne, R. Goldschmeding
Journal: The Lancet (1993)
P96 Repeat Administration of GL67A/pGM169 is Feasible, Safe, and Produces Endogenous Levels of CFTR Expression After 12 Doses
Authors: EWFW Alton, AC Boyd, SH Cheng, J Davies, LA Davies, A Dayan, DR Gill, U Griesenbach, T Higgins, SC Hyde, A Innes, G McLachlan, D Porteous, IA Pringle, RK Scheule, SG Sumner-Jones
Journal: Thorax (2012)

For gene therapy to improve lung function in CF subjects, repeated administration of the gene transfer agent over the lifetime of a patient will be necessary. This requirement limits the usefulness of adenoviral and adeno-associated viral vectors (both commonly used in CF gene therapy in the past), because these viral vectors induce adaptive immune responses which render repeat dosing ineffective. Thus, for CF gene therapy non-viral vectors are currently the only viable option. We have, therefore, undertaken an extensive pre-clinical research programme to select the most efficient non-viral vector for a Multi-dose CF trial. The cationic lipid formulation GL67A was ultimately chosen and combined with a CpG-free CFTR plasmid (pGM169). We recently completed a single-dose Phase 2a clinical safety and molecular efficacy study, which demonstrated proof-of principle for long lasting (several weeks) correction of the CF-specific chloride transport defect, but also indicated that the toxicity-efficacy window is comparatively narrow. To support the trial, we undertook a murine repeat dose (12 doses over 6 months) efficacy, biodistribution and toxicology study. We show that (a) repeated lung administration of pGM169/GL67A is safe and feasible using a clinically relevant nebuliser, (b) achieves reproducible, dose-dependent and persistent gene expression (&gt;140 days after each dose) and importantly (c) allows for a cumulative treatment effect (as measured by levels of vector-specific mRNA) particularly when working in a clinically relevant dosing range (dose 1: 0.8% vector-specific/endogenous mCftr (range 0–1.8), dose 12: 74% vector-specific/endogenous mCftr (range 31.6–204). The results of this repeat dosing study in the mouse therefore (1) demonstrate that endogenous levels of CFTR mRNA can be achieved by exogenously applied gene therapy (cumulative effect), and (2) affirm the UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium’s strategy of repeat dosing.
Oxygen cost and energy expenditure of running in trained runners.
Authors: J. L. Mayhew
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1977)

The oxygen cost and energy expenditure of submaximal treadmill running was evaluated in 9 male distance runners. The oxygen consumption--running speed relationship was highly significant (r = .917) and linear over the entire aerobic range. The caloric cost of 0.97 Kcal/kg/k was in close agreement with values found in the literature and was independent of running speed. The caloric cost per unit distance and time increased with acceleration in running speed. The slope of the regression line of oxygen consumption on running speed appear to measure a different component of efficiency than the fractional utilization coefficient of aerobic capacity. There is apparently a wide variation in the oxygen cost of running in trained runners.
Morphological changes of hepatic microcirculation in experimental rat cirrhosis: A scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Joji Haratake, Masanori Hisaoka, Osamu Yamamoto, Akio Horie
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Morphological changes of hepatic microcirculation, especially peribiliary plexus, in experimental rat cirrhosis that resulted from the repeated intraperitoneal injections of N-diethylnitrosamine, 100 mg/kg body weight/one shot/week, were examined by scanning electron microscope. Control rats were treated with saline. Whole blood vessels of the rats were perfused by saline and stuffed with methylmethacrylated resin. Multiple nodular changes were seen in the livers after the five injections (5 wk) of N-diethylnitrosamine, and diffuse nodular transformations mimicking human cirrhosis after six injections (6 wk) were also seen. Overall changes in experimental rats were numerous vascular channels mainly composed of venous branches around the parenchymal nodules, increased arterioportal anastomoses and flattening of veins, especially hepatic vein branches. Peribiliary plexuses of the experimental rats were much richer in the vessels than those of the controls, and many dilated veins, ramified from portal vein branches, were present in the former. Direct connections between peribiliary plexuses and sinusoids or between peribiliary plexuses and portal veins increased in the experimental rats. Studies concerning microcirculatory changes of peribiliary plexuses in experimental rat cirrhosis are rare. It was concluded that the abnormal peribiliary plexuses in this experimental series might participate in a collateral circulation under a state of portal hypertension.