tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Femoral Shaft Fracture With Ipsilateral Ankylosed Hip
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dr. E. J. Morrissey:  A 75-year-old woman tripped going down a flight of stairs and injured her left leg. She suffered no other injury in her fall.  Twenty years previously the patient had fractured the neck of her left femur. A closed reduction and nailing had been performed. After the removal of the nail one year following the injury, the patient claimed that there had been some drainage for a short time. However, review of the records from the hospital where she was then treated failed to confirm the suspicion of sepsis.  Six years prior to the present injury, the patient had fallen and had injured the left leg. She was treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital for a spiral fracture of the mid shaft of the left femur. Fibrous ankylosis of the left hip with fixed flexion of 35° and external rotation of 25° was present. After
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Authors: Tana A. Grady-Weliky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 33-year-old woman reports irritability, periods of crying, mood swings, and severe fatigue beginning one week before the start of menses and ending within three days after its onset. The symptoms have begun to interfere with her usual social functioning. How should the physician treat this patient?
Carcinoma of the Cervix
Authors: George C. Wilkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

NEARLY ten years ago a previous paper† covered a review of 200 consecutive cases of carcinoma of the cervix treated with radium from 1920 to 1934; 185 of these cases were primary carcinomas, and 15 were carcinomas of the cervical stump. The five-year survival without evidence of disease in the 185 primary cases was 70 patients, or 37 per cent. All patients were treated with radium, with approximately the same dosage and the same method.In that paper the wish was expressed "that a further report may be presented later, in which these results will be compared with those in . . .
Refining the Diagnosis and EGFR Status of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma in Biopsy and Cytologic Material, Using a Panel of Mucin Staining, TTF-1, Cytokeratin 5/6, and P63, and EGFR Mutation Analysis
Authors: Andrew G. Nicholson, David Gonzalez, Pallav Shah, Matthew J. Pynegar, Manjiri Deshmukh, Alexandra Rice, Sanjay Popat
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Hypereosinophilic syndrome: A multicenter, retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and response to therapy
Authors: Princess U. Ogbogu, Bruce S. Bochner, Joseph H. Butterfield, Gerald J. Gleich, Johannes Huss-Marp, Jean Emmanuel Kahn, Kristin M. Leiferman, Thomas B. Nutman, Florian Pfab, Johannes Ring, Marc E. Rothenberg, Florence Roufosse, Marie-Helene Sajous, Javed Sheikh, Dagmar Simon, Hans-Uwe Simon, Miguel L. Stein, Andrew Wardlaw, Peter F. Weller, Amy D. Klion
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Training for house officers
Authors: J Wilton
Journal: BMJ (1994)

phageal echocardiography is almost as sensitive but less specific than magnetic resonance imaging.Visualisation of the upper ascending aorta, arch, and proximal head and neck vessels may be limited.In addition, it cannot visualise the aorta outside the chest.It has important advantages, however, in that it is widely available, safe, and quick and can be used at the bedside.Contrast enhanced computed tomography provides an alternative approach but is not as accurate as magnetic resonance imaging or transoesophageal echocardiography.5In particular, it is unreliable for detecting the entry site.In practice, the diagnostic method chosen will depend on the facilities available and the condition of the patient.For critically ill patients transoeso- phageal echocardiography should be considered first.It can be carried out immediately, provides accurate information, and does not put patients at risk because they do not have to be moved from intensive care facilities.Magnetic resonance imaging is better for establishing the diagnosis in patients with suspected chronic dissection and for following up surgical intervention.When these methods are not available because of lack of equipment or trained staff, computed tomography is a viable alternative.There is now little place for arteyiography in the diagnosis and management of acute or chronic aortic dissection.
A Preventive Intervention Program in Adolescent Schoolgirls:A Longitudin al Study
Authors: Paolo Santonastaso, Tatiana Zanetti, Silvia Ferrara, Maria C. Olivotto, Nicola Magnavita, Angela Favaro
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; To explore the impact of a prevention program on the eating and body attitudes of a sample of adolescent schoolgirls. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The program involved lessons and group discussions of general adolescent problems and eating disorders. A total of 254 16-year-old schoolgirls were evaluated, of whom 154 participated in the program and a further 154 subjects formed the control group. Variations in weight, Eating Attitudes Test and Eating Disorders Inventory at a 1-year follow-up were compared for the two groups. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Among high-risk subjects, no significant differences were found between the prevention and the control group. The preventive program appeared to reduce significantly body dissatisfaction and to decrease the risk of bulimic attitudes in low-risk subjects. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Providing schoolgirls with the correct information about eating disorders did not encourage unhealthy attitudes to eating and weight regulation practices. However, for high-risk subjects more intensive and specific intervention may be required, for which further research is needed.
Potassium Iodide Sensitivity
Authors: RALPH BOOKMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1980Potassium Iodide SensitivityRALPH BOOKMAN, M.DRALPH BOOKMAN, M.DSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-5-712 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Curd and associates in the December issue (1), "Potassium Iodide Sensitivity in Four Patients with Hypocomplementemic Vasculitis," is most interesting. Potassium iodide is a valuable expectorant medication, and therefore readers of your journal should be reassured of its safety lest the report deter them from describing it.I have prescribed potassium iodide for innumerable asthmatic patients for more than 30 years without ever encountering the conditions the authors describe. I realize, of course, that parenteral iodides can produce sensitivity and urticaria, but I am perplexed that I have never encountered it in patients after...Reference1. CURDMILGROMSTEVENSONMATHISONVAUGHAN JHDDJ. Potassium iodide sensitivity in four patients with hypocomplementemic vasculitis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;91:853-7. LinkGoogle Scholar1. CHURGSTRAUS JL. Allergic granulomatosis, allergic angitis and periarteritis nodosa. Am J Pathol. 1951;27:277-301. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. RASMUSSEN H. Iodide hypersensitivity in the etiology of periarteritis nodosa. J Allergy. 1955;26:394-407. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. CURDMILGROMSTEVENSONMATHISONVAUGHAN JHDDJ. Potassium iodide sensitivity in four patients with hypocomplementemic vasculitis. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:853-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KOHRIMIYOSHUNAGAHARAOHTANI KSAM. Bilateral parotid enlargement ("iodide mumps") following excretory urography. Radiology. 1977;122:654. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BRUGERMEMBER MS. On the excretion of iodide in the saliva. Am J Physiol. 1943;139:212-6. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. . Potassium iodide as a thyroid-blocking agent in a radiation emergency. Fed Regist. 1978;43:58798-801. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDraft Toxicological Profile for Iodine 1 May 1980Volume 92, Issue 5Page: 712-713KeywordsPotassiumSafetyUrticariaVasculitis Issue Published: 1 May 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Care of the Patient before and after Operation
Authors: Owen H. Wangensteen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE subject assigned to me has to do with the safe conduct of the patient through his operation. And if all the answers to all problems bearing on such an issue were available to the surgeon undertaking an elective operation, his course of action would unquestionably be altered in many circumstances. The items that assure safe conduct of a patient through the hazards of an operation might well be discussed under the following three headings: the preparation of the surgeon, the preparation of the dissection and the preparation of the patient and his care after operation.The adjudication of the . . .
Methods of hysterectomy: should women have a say?
Authors: Vikki A Entwistle, Graeme MacLennan, Zoe Skea, Siladitya Bhattacharya, Brian Williams
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—The review by Johnson et al shows that vaginal hysterectomy outperforms (open) abdominal hysterectomy on all outcomes for which there is evidence from randomised controlled trials, and laparoscopic hysterectomy outperforms abdominal hysterectomy on all except injuries to the bladder or ureter.1 In practice, abdominal hysterectomy dominates, so Edozien in his editorial reasonably advocates more training in vaginal surgery and the development of …
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Authors: Kurt Stern
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Peculiarities of geographic distribution, unusual clinical and histopathologic findings, and distinctive responses to chemotherapy may account for the impressive number of publications and symposia that have dealt with Burkitt's lymphoma since this entity was first described in 1958. Is it indeed a human neoplasm with viral etiology? Can it serve as model for demonstrating participation of immune mechanisms in oncogenesis and of host resistance in successful chemotherapy? Will it, in effect "prove to be something of a Rosetta stone" for solution of the cancer problem, as Himsworth suggests in the foreword of the monograph? While the 17 contributors to this book do not answer these questions conclusively, they fully acquaint the reader with essential features of the disease and implications of recent experimental studies. Introductory chapters describe, and beautifully illustrate, anatomic, histologic, and radiologic findings. Burkitt offers many valuable observations, such as the rare occurrence of severe pain even in
A conversation with P. Roy Vagelos
Authors: Ushma S. Neill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The biochemist P. Roy Vagelos (Figure ​(Figure1)1) is best known for leading Merck for 20 years, first as President of research and then later as CEO and Chairman of the Board. In his time at Merck, he revolutionized the way the company approached drug discovery, introduced the first statins to market, and organized the donation of ivermectin, the agent for control of river blindness, to any and all who need it for as long as it is needed. The full interview, including a story about almost being court-martialed, can be seen on the JCI website, http://www.jci.org/kiosk/cgm.
Semaphorin 3A is an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor that blocks tumor growth and normalizes tumor vasculature in transgenic mouse models
Authors: Federica Maione, Fabiola Molla, Claudia Meda, Roberto Latini, Lorena Zentilin, Mauro Giacca, Giorgio Seano, Guido Serini, Federico Bussolino, Enrico Giraudo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Tumor growth and progression rely upon angiogenesis, which is regulated by pro- and antiangiogenic factors, including members of the semaphorin family. By analyzing 3 different mouse models of multistep carcinogenesis, we show here that during angiogenesis, semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is expressed in ECs, where it serves as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis that is present in premalignant lesions and lost during tumor progression. Pharmacologic inhibition of endogenous Sema3A during the angiogenic switch, the point when pretumoral lesions initiate an angiogenic phase that persists throughout tumor growth, enhanced angiogenesis and accelerated tumor progression. By contrast, when, during the later stages of carcinogenesis following endogenous Sema3A downmodulation, Sema3A was ectopically reintroduced into islet cell tumors by somatic gene transfer, successive waves of apoptosis ensued, first in ECs and then in tumor cells, resulting in reduced vascular density and branching and inhibition of tumor growth and substantially extended survival. Further, long-term reexpression of Sema3A markedly improved pericyte coverage of tumor blood vessels, something that is thought to be a key property of tumor vessel normalization, and restored tissue normoxia. We conclude, therefore, that Sema3A is an endogenous and effective antiangiogenic agent that stably normalizes the tumor vasculature.
Human demodicosis: revisit and a proposed classification
Authors: W. Chen, G. Plewig
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Human Demodex mites (Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis) hold a high rank in the evolutionary and phylogenetic hierarchy of the skin microbiome, although in most people their presence is of no consequence. While human demodicosis is a skin disease sui generis, it can mimic many other inflammatory dermatoses, such as folliculitis, rosacea and perioral dermatitis, leading to unspecific and confusing descriptions in the literature. Here, we propose to classify human demodicosis into a primary form and a secondary form, which is associated mainly with immunosuppression. The clinical manifestations of primary demodicosis may include (i) spinulate demodicosis, currently known as pityriasis folliculorum, involving sebaceous hair follicles without visible inflammation; (ii) papulopustular/nodulocystic or conglobate demodicosis with pronounced inflammation affecting most commonly the perioral and periorbital areas of the face; (iii) ocular demodicosis, inducing chronic blepharitis, chalazia or, less commonly, keratoconjunctivitis; and (iv) auricular demodicosis causing external otitis or myringitis. Secondary demodicosis is usually associated with systemic or local immunosuppression. Treatment is only weakly evidence based, and the most effective concentrations of acaricides remain to be determined. Optimization of an in vitro or ex vivo culture model is necessary for future studies. Endosymbiosis between certain bacteria and Demodex mites in the pathogenesis of demodicosis deserves more attention. Further clinical observations and experiments are needed to prove our hypothesis.
Pediatric Concerns About Competitive Preadolescent Sports
Authors: Melvin L. Thornton
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The physician who cares for children and young adults has come to realize that competitive sports are now played universally in all parts of the country, and that guidelines for safe participation are needed. Since children are not miniature adults, but represent the various stages of maturation into adulthood, their problems must be carefully individualized and the child must be fit to the sport as well as the sport to the child. The physician must not content himself merely with rules to protect the child; he must encourage the participation of all children in a program adapted to their capabilities.
Metabolic clearance of recombinant human growth hormone in health and chronic renal failure.
Authors: D Haffner, F Schaefer, J Girard, E Ritz, O Mehls
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Despite the increasing therapeutic use of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), its metabolic clearance has not been investigated in detail. To evaluate the kinetics of rhGH as a possible function of GH plasma concentration and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), we investigated the steady state metabolic clearance rate (MCR), disappearance half-life, and apparent volume of distribution of rhGH at low and high physiological as well as supraphysiological plasma GH levels during pharmacological suppression of endogenous GH secretion in human subjects with normal and reduced renal function. GH in plasma and urine was determined by an immunoradiometric assay, and GFR by inulin clearance. In all subjects MCR decreased and plasma half-life increased with increasing plasma GH concentrations (P < 0.001). MCR of rhGH was approximately half in patients with chronic renal failure at each GH level and plasma half-life was increased by 25-50%. Allowing for the linear dependence of MCR on GFR and assuming single-compartment distribution, the estimated renal fraction of total MCR was 25-53 and 4-15% in controls and patients, respectively. Saturation of extrarenal disposal of GH was suggested by an inverse hyperbolic relationship between extrarenal MCR and plasma GH concentrations in all subjects. Fractional GH excretion was up to 1,000-fold higher in patients than in controls. We conclude that MCR of hGH is a function of plasma GH concentrations and GFR. Extrarenal elimination is saturable in the upper physiological range of GH concentrations, whereas renal MCR is independent of plasma GH levels. The kidney handles GH like a microprotein involving glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and urinary excretion.
Mutational Cooperativity Linked to Combinatorial Epigenetic Gain of Function in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Alan H. Shih, Yanwen Jiang, Cem Meydan, Kaitlyn Shank, Suveg Pandey, Laura Barreyro, Ileana Antony-Debre, Agnes Viale, Nicholas Socci, Yongming Sun, Alexander Robertson, Magali Cavatore, Elisa de Stanchina, Todd Hricik, Franck Rapaport, Brittany Woods, Chen Wei, Megan Hatlen, Muhamed Baljevic, Stephen D. Nimer, Martin Tallman, Elisabeth Paietta, Luisa Cimmino, Iannis Aifantis, Ulrich Steidl, Chris Mason, Ari Melnick, Ross L. Levine
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
Resection for colorectal cancer in the very old: are the risks too high?
Authors: A A M Lewis, G A Khoury
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Altogether 277 consecutive patients aged 70 or more who were admitted for resection of colorectal cancer between 1975 and 1985 were studied. The postoperative complications and mortality in the 175 patients aged 70-79 were compared with those in the 102 patients aged 80 or more. The overall mortality was 11%. Mortality was significantly higher after resection in the older age group even when deaths from widespread malignancy were excluded from the analysis. After curative resection mortality was 2% (2/120) in the younger group and 7% (4/60) in the older group, but after palliative resection of tumours with local or distant spread mortality was significantly higher, at 21% (9/44) and 38% (12/32), respectively. An equal but high proportion of patients in both age groups suffered major complications, but complications caused significantly more deaths in the older group. The length of stay in hospital was not significantly different between the age groups. Patients should not be denied resection of a colorectal cancer because of age alone, especially if a curative operation is possible. The increased risk of death from major complications, particularly after palliative resection, should, however, be taken into account when an operation on patients over 80 is being considered.
The guanylate cyclase-coupled natriuretic peptide receptor: A new target for prevention of cold ischemia-reperfusion damage of the rat liver
Authors: Alexander L. Gerbes, Angelika M. Vollmar, Alexandra K. Kiemer, Manfred Bilzer
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The aim of our studies was to investigate hormonal prevention of hepatic preservation damage by the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and the mechanisms involved. Isolated perfusion of rat livers was performed in a nonrecirculating fashion. Twenty minutes of preischemic perfusion was performed with or without different concentrations of ANP, followed by 24–hour storage in cold University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Two hundred nanomoles of ANP prevented hepatocellular damage during a 2–hour reperfusion period as indicated by a marked attenuation of the sinusoidal efflux of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and by reduced Trypan blue uptake. Furthermore, postischemic bile flow as an indicator of liver function was significantly improved by about 60% with 200 nmol/L ANP. No protection was conveyed by 20 nmol/L ANP nor by pretreatment with 200 nmol/L ANP for only 10 minutes. The effects of ANP seemed to be mediated by the guanylate cyclase-coupled A (GC–A) receptor and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP): whereas expression of both GC–A and GC–B receptors as well as of the GC–C receptor was found, cGMP did protect from ischemia–reperfusion damage, but selective ligands of the B and C receptor did not. To begin to determine the mechanisms of ANP–mediated protection, different parameters were investigated: ANP had no effect on portal pressure as an indicator of hepatic circulation, nor on intracellular energy depletion determined by adenosine nucleotide concentration. However, the marked augmentation of nuclear factor κB (NF–κB) binding activity during reperfusion was prevented in ANP–pretreated livers. In conclusion, pretreatment with ANP protects the rat liver from cold ischemia–reperfusion damage. This effect is mediated via the GC–A receptor and cGMP, and may be linked to an influence of ANP on NF–κB activation. Thus, ANP signaling via the GC–A receptor should be considered as a new pharmacological target to prevent preservation injury of the liver.
Bone cell activity influences bone fragility and fracture risk
Authors: J Caetano-Lopes, I Aleixo, A Rodrigues, I P Perpetuo, D Fernandes, A Lopes, A Pena, A Faustino, M Vale, P M Amaral, J Monteiro, M F Vaz, H Canhao, J E Fonseca
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

correlated with BMD (p<0.05) and demonstrated a trend for a positive association with bone strength.Conclusion These results indicate that bone cell activity infl uences bone strength.Moreover, we have documented for the fi rst time that fracture risk calculated by FRAX also translates bone biological behaviour.Thus, the FRAX score has both an epidemiological and a biological basis.This can have future signifi cant consequences for establishing a FRAX score threshold for treatment decision-making.