tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in IDDM
Authors: Roger Lehmann, Vladimir Kaplan, Roland Bingisser, Konrad E Bloch, Giatgen A Spinas
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To study the impact of physical activity on glycemic control and plasma lipids [HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL-C subfractions, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a)], blood pressure, weight, and abdominal fat and to determine the necessary short-term adaptations in diabetes management during intensive endurance training in patients with IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Well-controlled subjects with IDDM (n = 20; HbA1c = 7.6%) engaged in a regular exercise program over a period of 3 months involving endurance sports such as biking, long-distance running, or hiking. Subjects were instructed to exercise at least 135 min per week. If baseline activity exceeded this level, subjects were to increase further their physical activity as much as possible and record the type and time of such activity. RESULTS During the 3-month intervention, physical activity increased from 195 ± 176 to 356 ± 164 min (mean ± SD) per week (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Physical fitness as assessed by VO2max increased from 2,914 ± 924 to 3,092 ± 905 ml/min (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and insulin sensitivity increased significantly (steady-state plasma glucose [SSPG] decreased from 10.5 ± 4.8 to 7.0 ± 3.3 mmol/l; P &amp;lt; 0.01). Subsequently, LDL cholesterol decreased by 14% (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and HDL and HDL3-C subfraction increased by 10 (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and 16% (P &amp;lt; 0.05), respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly from 127 ± 9 to 124 ± 8 (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and from 80 ± 5 to 77 ± 5 mmHg (P &amp;lt; 0.01), respectively. Resting heart rate decreased from 63 ± 6 to 59 ± 7 bpm (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Waist-to-hip circumference ratio decreased from 0.882 ± 0.055 to 0.858 ± 0.053 (P &amp;lt; 0.001), body weight decreased from 70.7 ± 10.4 to 68.7 ± 10.2 kg (P = 0.003), with a consequent decrease in body fat from 21.9 ± 8.2 to 18.0 ± 6.3% (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and an increase in lean body mass from 54.9 ± 12.2 to 56.8 ± 11.0 kg. These effects occurred independently of glycemic control. The overall frequency of severe hypoglycemic episodes was reduced from 0.14 to 0.10 per patient-year during the study period. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that increasing physical activity is safe and does not result in more hypoglycemic episodes and that there is a linear dose-response between increased physical activity and loss of abdominal fat and a decrease in blood pressure and lipid-related cardiovascular risk factors, with a preferential increase in the HDL3-C subfraction.
In Vivo Diagnosis and Classification of Colorectal Neoplasia by Chromoendoscopy-Guided Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy
Authors: Silvia Sanduleanu, Ann Driessen, Encarna Gomez–Garcia, Wim Hameeteman, Adriaan de Bruïne, Ad Masclee
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Proliferation and enrichment of CD133+ glioblastoma cancer stem cells on 3D chitosan-alginate scaffolds
Authors: Forrest M. Kievit, Stephen J. Florczyk, Matthew C. Leung, Kui Wang, Jennifer D. Wu, John R. Silber, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Jerry S.H. Lee, Miqin Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Congenital oesophagobronchial fistula in an adult involving left main bronchus.
Authors: M Moreno Azcoita, J C Ruiz de Adana, L Sanchez Urdazpal, C Carcamo, J M Jover Navalon, J L Ramos Rodriguez
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Congenital fistulae between the tracheobronchial tree and oesophagus usually originate from the lower end of the trachea or right main bronchus. The case history is presented of a man in whom a fistula between the oesophagus and left main bronchus was not diagnosed until the age of 48.
Donation of Unused Surgical Supplies: Help or Hindrance
Authors: James C. Cobey
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I want to laud Drs Rosenblatt and Silverman<sup>1</sup>on their efforts to collect and recycle equipment for medical needs in developing countries. A word of caution is needed, however, before everyone starts collecting odds and ends to send abroad. Most donated gifts are sent in small quantities at great cost and end up on shelves and locked closets in hospitals in developing countries. In general, before surgical implants are ever sent, one must send all the appropriate tools, with replacement parts, necessary for use with specific implants. A large quantity of each size implant should be sent (100 or more) so that the technology that one is sending will be around for a while. So often, the surgical technology in hospitals varies by what donated gift happens to be available that day. We do not want to make countries dependent on donated gifts that cannot be replaced
Airway Smooth Muscle as a Target of Glucocorticoid Action in the Treatment of Asthma
Authors: STUART J. HIRST, TAK H. LEE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<CONTRACTILE FUNCTIONPROLIFERATIVE FUNCTIONSECRETORY FUNCTIONCONCLUSIONSReferencesCITING ARTICLES
P184 Macrophage phagocytosis in COPD patients at exacerbation compared to stable state
Authors: R Singh, K Such, BS Kowlessar, ARC Patel, AJ Mackay, SE Brill, JP Allinson, GC Donaldson, PJ Barnes, JA Wedzicha, LE Donnelly
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> COPD exacerbations are clinically important events, commonly triggered by bacterial infection. Defective phagocytosis of potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) in stable COPD has been demonstrated in both alveolar and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). We hypothesised that phagocytosis may be suppressed further during an acute COPD exacerbation and relate to bacterial aetiology of the exacerbation. <h3>Methods</h3> Whole blood was collected from patients in the London COPD cohort at both stable state and at exacerbation, as defined by prospectively completed daily symptom diary cards (Seemungal <i><i>et al</i></i>., 1998). Monocytes were isolated and cultured with GM-CSF (2ng/ml) for 12 days to generate MDMs. MDM phagocytosis of fluorescently-labelled polystyrene beads, <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (HI) and <i>Streptococcus</i><i>pneumoniae</i> (SP) was measured by fluorimetry. Diary card data was used to determine prodromal symptoms, exacerbation duration and exacerbation symptom intensity. Sputa collected at exacerbation were cultured for PPMs. <h3>Results</h3> MDMs were cultured from 13 COPD patients at paired stable and exacerbation states. 54% were male, mean age 72.8 years (SD 6.2), FEV<sub>1</sub> predicted 55.7% (20.5) and 38% current smokers. The median time between stable and exacerbation states was 147 days [IQR 75–212]. Two distinct patterns of change in phagocytic ability were seen between the stable and exacerbation state. Eight patients significantly decreased their phagocytic capacity compared to stable state for beads, HI and SP (p = 0.004, p = 0.008 and p = 0.020 respectively, Figure 1A). Five of these eight patients (63%) had a PPM isolated in their exacerbation sputum sample. Five of 13 patients increased phagocytosis at exacerbation (Figure 1B), but only SP reached statistical significance (p = 0.031). Only one of these five (20%) had a PPM in their exacerbation sputum sample. There was no significant difference between the presence of prodromal symptoms, exacerbation duration or symptom intensity between the two patterns. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Phagocytosis of bacteria is suppressed further during some COPD exacerbations. This may contribute to bacterial aetiology of these exacerbations. Phagocytosis appears partially more effective in other exacerbations. Further work is needed to understand these apparently dichotomous changes and their impact on clinical outcomes.
Stop confusing us with EUS prior to endoscopic resection
Authors: A. May
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) plays an important role in the staging of esophageal cancer and is the most accurate method for locoregional staging of esophageal carcinomas, if done by an experienced endosonographer [1] [2] [3]. Standard EUS operates with frequencies of 7.5 and 12 MHz. These lower frequencies provide higher penetration, which is important for lymph node staging, but also means a lower resolution. Therefore the visualization of superficial cancers and the determination of the extent of the cancer into the mucosal and/or submucosal layer can be difficult. However, the dramatic increase in the diagnosis of early esophageal cancers, particularly of early adenocarcinomas in Barrett’s esophagus in the Western world, together with the increasing acceptance of endoscopic resection as a curative therapy for early (mucosal) esophageal tumors, at least in Asia and Europe, mean better pretherapeutic staging is desirable [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11].
2-(8-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-oxo-1Η-2-benzopyran-3-yl)propionic Acid, a Small Molecule Isocoumarin, Potentiates Dexamethasone-Induced Apoptosis of Human Multiple Myeloma Cells
Authors: Naoki Agata, Hiroko Nogi, Michael Milhollen, Surender Kharbanda, Donald Kufe
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract 2-(8-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-oxo-1Η-2-benzopyran-3-yl)propionic acid (NM-3) is a small molecule isocoumarin derivative that has recently entered clinical trials as an orally bioavailable anticancer agent. NM-3 induces lethality of human carcinoma cells by both apoptotic and nonapoptotic mechanisms and potentiates the effects of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. The present studies have evaluated the effects of NM-3 on human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. The results demonstrate that NM-3 potentiates dexamethasone-induced killing of both dexamethasone-sensitive MM1.S and dexamethasone-resistant RPMI8226 and U266 MM cells. We show that NM-3 enhances dexamethasone-induced release of the mitochondrial apoptogenic factors cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO. The results also demonstrate that NM-3 enhances dexamethasone-induced activation of the intrinsic caspase-9-&amp;gt;caspase-3 apoptotic pathway. In concert with these results, NM-3 potentiates dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of MM1.S cells. Moreover, NM-3 acts synergistically with dexamethasone in inducing apoptosis of the dexamethasone-resistant RPMI8226 and U266 MM cells. These findings indicate that NM-3 may be effective in combination with dexamethasone in the treatment of MM.
Tartarised Antimony as a Remedy in Strumous Ophthalmia
Authors: W. Price
Journal: BMJ (1864)

and in this way it may be continued with advantage for many weeks, and even months.Chlorate of Potassa, like glycerine, has won various opinions as to its influence upon consumption.By one physician it has lately been considered even as a specific, whilst by others it has been deemed altoo-ether a failure.After a careful analysis of its effects in the twenty-five cases, I came to the conclusion that it was very far from a specific; and that its usefulness was, seldom apparent, except in those ca- ehectic cases in which it and allied remedies are fre- quently serviceable.Quinine, in doses of one or two grains twice and sometimes three times a day, although 'well suited apparently to a few of the twenty-five cases, gene- rally produced disappointment; its effects being, as a rule, inferior to those of many other tonics.It would seem that quinine, like chlorate of potass, is chiefly
Neuropeptide Y5 receptor antagonism does not induce clinically meaningful weight loss in overweight and obese adults
Authors: Ngozi Erondu, Ira Gantz, Bret Musser, Shailaja Suryawanshi, Madhuja Mallick, Carol Addy, Josee Cote, George Bray, Ken Fujioka, Harold Bays, Priscilla Hollander, Sandra M. Sanabria-Bohórquez, WaiSi Eng, Bengt Långström, Richard J. Hargreaves, H. Donald Burns, Akio Kanatani, Takehiro Fukami, Douglas J. MacNeil, Keith M. Gottesdiener, John M. Amatruda, Keith D. Kaufman, Steven B. Heymsfield
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2006)
Abstract 3052: Role of p53 in cdk inhibitor VMY-1-103-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer
Authors: Lymor Ringer, Paul Sirajuddin, Venkata M. Yenugonda, Milton Brown, Olga Rodriguez, Chris Albanese
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The mammalian cell cycle is a tightly regulated process that controls cell division and replication. The tumor suppressor p53 plays a crucial role in both the G1/S and mitotic checkpoints, as well as in apoptosis in response to DNA damage. P53 activates p21, which is an inhibitor of cdk/cyclin E complexes, to cause cell cycle arrest. P53 can also function as a mediator of apoptosis by activating either the instrinsic or extrinsic pathway of apoptosis by activating transcriptional targets such as Bax, Bid, and TRAIL R4/5. In prostate cancer (PCa), p53 mutations are frequently associated with advanced staged disease. We recently have developed a novel analog of the CDK inhibitor purvalanol B, termed VMY-1-103 (VMY) which functions as a potent inhibitor of proliferation. To assess the efficacy of this compound in vitro, we tested the ability of VMY to cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines. VMY caused an increase in cells in G2/M in all cell lines tested. Additionally, VMY treatment resulted in a large amount of apoptosis in LNCaP cells, which are p53 wild-type. In contrast, DU145 cells, which are p53 mutant, and PC3 cells, which are p53 null, were significantly less susceptible to VMY-mediated apoptosis, strongly suggesting that functional p53 was required for VMY to induce apoptosis in PCa cells. In order to test this hypothesis, a series of experiments were carried out in these PCa cell lines. Knockdown of p53 by siRNA in LNCaP cells resulted in a decreased sensitivity to VMY, as these cells no longer underwent cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Further modulation of p53 was performed by overexpressing a wild-type construct in PC3 cells, which greatly sensitized the cells to cell death following VMY treatment. Conversely, introduction of several mutant p53 constructs into LNCaP cells did not decrease sensitivity to the drug whatsoever. Importantly, in DU145 cells, which have two mutations of p53 on opposite alleles, apoptosis was significantly increased when cells were pre-treated with PRIMA-1 to restore WT p53 function. Therefore, our data establishes p53 plays a crucial regulator of sensitivity to VMY and its ability to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. In addition we show that modification of mutant p53 by PRIMA in a p53 deficient cell lines, and the ensuing restoration of drug sensitivity, enhances the potential of VMY as a novel therapeutic for prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3052. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3052
REGIONAL APICAL MOTION ABNORMALITY EARLY AFTER TRANSAPICAL AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: PREVALENCE AND OUTCOME
Authors: Israel Barbash, Itsik Ben-Dor, Danny Dvir, Paul Corso, Steven Boyce, Steven Goldstein, Zuyue Wang, Rebecca Torguson, Ana Laynez Carnicero, Lowell Satler, Augusto Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Oxaliplatin: Bimonthly, Biweekly, or Semimonthly? No, Fortnightly!
Authors: Matthew T. Seymour
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.99.145 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12202683 Oxaliplatin: Bimonthly, Biweekly, or Semimonthly? No, Fortnightly! Matthew T. SeymourxMatthew T. SeymourSearch for articles by this author Show More Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, Leeds, United Kingdom https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.99.145 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity During Mifepristone Treatment of Cushing Syndrome:Early and Late Effects
Authors: Amisha Wallia, Kathleen Colleran, Jonathan Q. Purnell, Coleman Gross, Mark E. Molitch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Increased adiposity and direct effects of glucocorticoid excess on muscle, liver, and β-cells are responsible for the high prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes in patients with Cushing syndrome (CS) (1,2). In the SEISMIC study, the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone improved glucose tolerance and produced weight loss over 24 weeks in CS patients (3). Using oral glucose tolerance test data from SEISMIC, our goal was to assess whole-body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), β-cell function (insulinogenic index, homeostasis model assessment-β [HOMA-β]), disposition index (4,5), weight (WT), and waist circumference (WC) over time. Complete data in patients not receiving insulin were available in 19 patients, 8 with diabetes and/or IGT (C-DM) and 11 with hypertension only (C-HT).

Within-group comparisons for change over time were analyzed with a mixed-effects repeated measures two-way ANOVA with cohort (C-DM and C-HT), time, and cohort by time interaction as fixed effects; unpaired Student t tests were used to assess differences between groups …
Patient compliance with inhaled medication: does combining beta-agonists with corticosteroids improve compliance?
Authors: CM Bosley, DT Parry, GM Cochrane
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Patient compliance with an inhaled corticosteroid may be greater if it is combined with a beta-agonist. This study compared compliance with an inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide), and a short-acting inhaled beta-agonist (terbutaline sulphate), and a Turbuhaler inhaler containing a combination of the two drugs. In an open, multicentre, parallel group study 102 asthmatic patients were randomly divided into two groups, either receiving the two drugs in separate Turbuhalers or combined into one Turbuhaler. A twice daily regimen was prescribed and a preweighed metered-dose inhaler (MDI) of salbutamol was provided for rescue use. Compliance was measured using the Turbuhaler Inhalation Computer (TIC), which recorded the time and date of each inhalation over a 12 week period. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) measurements were carried out at week 0, 6 and 12. Results from 72 patients were analysed. The average compliance was 60-70%. Treatment was taken as prescribed on 30-40% of the study days, and over-usage occurred on less than 10% of days. Only 15% of patients took the drugs as prescribed for more than 80% of the days. Compliance was no greater in patients using the combined inhalers. Other ways of improving patient self-management need further investigation.
The Aims of Medicine
Authors: J. Young
Journal: BMJ (1871)

IT seems a truism to tell you that the practice of medicine is not the application of rules, but is solely and entirely the exercise of common sense.Chomel, whose treatise on pathology is well worthy of careful study, from the excellence of his method, says: "Medical art, or, as it is generally called, practical medicine, is only the application of com- mon sense to the treatment of disease, and, consequently, to the preserva- tion and the improvement of health.Common sense is thus, afterhonesty (virjt-obus), the first quality of the physician-nay, even of man, what- ever his social position knowledge of diseases, no less indispensable, holds in reality only the second place.This knowledge is within the
Effect of Glycemic Control on Growth Velocity in Children With IDDM
Authors: Joyce E Wise, Elsie L Kolb, Sue E Sauder
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

To determine the effect of glycemic control on growth velocity in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.One hundred twenty-two children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied over a 5-yr period. Every 4 mo, glycemic control was assessed by measuring total glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), pubertal status was determined by physical examination, and height was measured with a stadiometer. Height measurements were normalized for age and sex by converting them to tau scores (the number of SD above or below the mean for age and sex). Alterations in growth velocity were determined by the change in tau scores (delta tau) between visits (i.e., no change in tau score = normal growth velocity; decrease in tau score = growth deceleration; and increase in tau score = growth acceleration).A linear relationship was seen between GHb levels and the change in tau scores (r = -0.117, P = 0.001). GHb values less than 8% were associated with growth acceleration (delta tau = +0.10 +/- 0.03), and the greatest growth deceleration occurred when GHb was greater than 16% (delta tau = -0.07 +/- 0.03). The level of GHb at which growth suppression occurred (mean delta tau became negative) was dependent on pubertal status: Tanner stage 1 greater than or equal to 10%, Tanner stages 2 and 3 greater than or equal to 8%, Tanner stages 4 and 5 greater than or equal to 16%.Linear growth velocity in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is heavily related to metabolic control. Children who are prepubertal or in the early stages of puberty are the most vulnerable to growth suppression. Once puberty is well established, growth suppression does not occur until marked hyperglycemia (GHb greater than 16%) exists.
Notes of Cases of Dilated Stomach: With Remarks
Authors: T. Sanctuary
Journal: BMJ (1883)

THE BIUTISI MEDICAL JOU1UNAL.[Marh 31, 188&clean and almost closed; there was no discharge, no cedema; he had darting pain in the left ear, and much thirst.April 17th.-Hehad a severe rigor last night, which lasted for a considerable time, and was followed by profuse perspiration.Pulse 100, temperature 99.40.The tongue was furred; the wound was discharging thin foetid pus.Enlarging the opening, I syringed the wound with carbolic lotion, and put the patient on sulphate of quinine, and tincture of the perchloride of iron.April 19th.-Hehad had no rigor since the 17th; pulse 82, tem- perature 1000, respiration 26.On the evening of the 17th (tenth day after the accident), the patient noticed that the discharge from the wound began to increase, especially when he was swallowing his milk.The wound looked clean, but the dressings were soaked with dischage, and a creamy-looking fluid was coming away.I gave the patient a drink of milk, and found that pure milk came away from the wound.I then tried water, with the result that the discharge became clear.There could, therefore, no longer be a doubt as to the existence of an opening into the cesophagus.The patient had no pain in his shoulder unless when lying on his back.I determined to continue the dressings as before, but to change them more frequently.April 22nd.-Hehad, unfortunately, got an attack of bronchitis, the cough being very hard and troublesome; pulse 84, temperature 100°.The discharge from the wound was considerable.There was much exuberant granulation around the orifice.I prescribed am- monia, squill, and bark.April 26th.-He was feeling better.The cough was not so troublesome.His appetite was improving; bowels regular, tongue clean.He had copious perspirations.He slept well; had no pain unless when lying on the left side.The wound was clean, with little discharge, and this not increased by drinking.He had no difficultyin swallowing; pulse 84, temperature 99°.I prescribed dilute sulphuric acid with quinine.April 30th.-He was much better; the copious perspirations had ceased, and there was no discharge from the wound.I touched the granulations with nitrate of silver.The patient could not yet