tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Foetal programming reveals the dark side of AT2R
Authors: K. L. Thornburg
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

This editorial refers to ‘Foetal hypoxia increases cardiac AT2R expression and subsequent vulnerability to adult ischaemic injury’ by Q. Xue et al. , pp. 300–308, this issue.

In adults, the proportion of at-risk myocardium that is permanently injured following an ischaemic reperfusion episode can be attributed to genetic background, age, sex, patient lifestyle, sympathetic outflow, degrees of pre- and post-conditioning, variations in coronary anatomy, and differing drug therapies. However, there is growing evidence that the myocardial response to ischaemic stress may be powerfully determined by its unique construction in the womb. It is now known that stressors in prenatal life modify the developing cardiovascular system and lead to vulnerabilities for disease in later life, a process known as programming.1 It appears that the molecular processes conferring plasticity during normal development may be shaped by stressful conditions that impart long-lasting vulnerability to disease.2 Animal studies show that hypoxia,3 excess levels of maternal glucocorticoid,4 and maternal under- or overnutrition in the womb5 independently lead to cardiovascular disease in adulthood.

A growing number of studies implicate the renin–angiotensin system and its G-protein-coupled, 7-transmembrane-domain receptors that bind angiotensin II (Ang II) as frequent culprits in the developmental programming of cardiovascular disease.6 The two primary receptors, AT1 and AT2 (AT …
Antineutrophil autoantibodies in Graves' disease. Implications of thyrotropin binding to neutrophils.
Authors: S A Weitzman, T P Stossel, D C Harmon, G Daniels, F Maloof, E C Ridgway
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease may be caused by autoantibodies to thyrotropin (TSH) receptors. We have found that patients with this disease have autoantibodies to neutrophils as well, which can be displaced by TSH. Using a radiochemical opsonic assay, we found serum antibodies against homologous neutrophils in 6 of 11 Graves' patients. With a staphylococcal protein A-binding assay, we detected circulating antibodies to homologous neutrophils in 10 of 20 patients, while finding cell-bound antibody on autologous neutrophils in 7 of 8 (including 2 with negative serum tests). Use of human 125I-TSH in a radioligand binding assay revealed that TSH bound to neutrophils rapidly (maximum binding within 10 min at 22 degrees C, pH 7.4), specifically (less than 20% nonspecific binding), and reversibly. Adding TSH to the radiochemical assay resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of opsonic antibody activity in serum from patients with Graves' disease. In contrast, TSH did not inhibit antibody activity of serum from patients with immune neutropenia not associated with thyroid disease. Our findings suggest a basis for the association of Graves' disease with neutropenia. Furthermore, the discovery of such antineutrophil antibodies in Graves' disease permits detection of cell-bound antibody when free antibody is not present.
Oxatomide: in vitro assessment of antagonistic activity, and effects on histamine release and enzymatic histamine degradation in skin
Authors: S. GATTI, A. COUTTS, D. FRANCIS, M.W. GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

The antagonistic activity of oxatomide, and its effects on evoked histamine release and histamine‐N‐methyl transferase activity in skin, have been studied. Oxatomide antagonizes HI activity in a dose‐dependent but non‐competitive manner. It also shows seme atropine‐like activity. Oxatomide did not cause detectable inhibition of antigen‐stimulated histamine release from skin slices of sensitized guinea‐pigs although the possibility that oxatomide may cause weak inhibition could not be excluded. In the presence of low concentrations of histamine, oxatomide suppressed human skin histamine‐N‐methyl transferase, but in the presence of higher substrate concentrations it enhanced activity of this enzyme. These observations; which were limited by the poor solubility of oxatomide in aqueous media, should encourage further in vivo studies of oxatomide's histamine‐suppressing properties in the human subject.
Patients’ Illness Models in Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: R.P.W. Fry, A.H. Crisp, R.W. Beard
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

A modification of Kleinman's approach to eliciting concepts that patients have about their illnesses was applied to 64 patients with chronic pelvic pain. The women involved did not have clear schemata about causes of the process, and displayed flexibility in the concepts they did have. A significant proportion had clear ideas about what they did not want in terms of treatment. Worries focussed on interminability and effects on sex and work. It appears that offering a simple explanatory model such as that based on venous congestion fulfils some of the treatment needs in this group. Kleinman's approach could be more widely employed.
718 PREEMPTIVE ANTIVIRAL THERAPY CAN REDUCE OVERALL TREATMENT-RELATED HEPATIC MORBIDITY AS WELL AS VIRAL REACTIVATION DURING TRANSARTERIAL CHEMO-EMBOLIZATION
Authors: S.H. Yoo, J.W. Jang, B.S. Oh, J.H. Kwon, C.D. Lee, K.W. Chung, H.S. Jung
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
EFFICIENCY OF GLUTAMYL PEPTIDE POLYMERS AS PLASMA VOLUME EXTENDERS
Authors: William S. Rosenthal, Daniel J. O'Connell, D. Robert Axelrod, Max Bovarnick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

A series of polymers of polyglutamic acid have been tested as plasma volume expanders. The results indicate that those polymers prepared from backbones of 40,000 molecular weight or over and side chains of 3,000 molecular weight or over, will have plasma volume retention half-life of 15 hours or longer. Measurements of the oncotic efficiency of these polymers in vivo indicated a blood stream fluid retention of approximately 51 ml./gm. of polymer. Similar measurements of polymer-serum albumin solutions in vitro showed a retention of 52 ml./gm. of polymer. The clinical response to infusion of solutions of these polymers indicated no untoward pharmacological properties. Although the number of trials presented is too small for ultimate conclusion regarding either the physiological or clinical effects of these polymers, they do provide a strong indication of the desirability of further clinical testing of this polymer and a sound basis on which to plan the larger scale preparation of polymer. Both measures are currently under way.
Four in 10 NHS staff believe it responds inadequately to poor performance, survey finds
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Many NHS workers believe that inappropriate behaviour and poor performance are not dealt with adequately in their organisation, a new survey has found.

In the second annual leadership survey by the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund, 43% of NHS clinicians and managers did not think that “swift and effective action” was taken to deal with inappropriate behaviours and performance.1

The responses from more than 2000 staff showed that the NHS had yet to achieve the widespread culture of openness and honesty recommended by Robert Francis QC in his inquiry into failings in care at Mid Staffordshire NHS …
Reducing Birth Defect Risk in Advanced Maternal Age
Authors: Marshall F. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The incidence of birth defects increases with maternal age. Recent advances in fetal diagnosis, coupled with elective abortion, offer the older pregnant woman an opportunity to reduce this risk. To determine the magnitude of potential risk reduction, we reviewed the maternal age-specific incidence of infants born with one or more severe birth defects in metropolitan Atlanta from 1968 to 1975, removing from analysis certain anomalies that were preventable by currently available methods. For women aged 35 to 44 years, the risk of bearing an infant with a severe birth defect was reduced to a level comparable with that for younger women. Despite prenatal diagnosis and elective abortion, the risk for women aged 45 years or older, although reduced considerably, was two times greater than that for women aged 34 years or younger.
Tamsulosin and the Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome
Authors: Alan H. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improving Outpatient Psychiatric Care
Authors: Robert Michels
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Medical care can be managed so as to ensure quality, distribute resources rationally, and control costs. The specific market-based variant of managed care that has flourished in the United States has been designed primarily to control costs. Outpatient psychiatric care offers an excellent arena in which to examine how managing care to control costs affects both the quality of care and the distribution of resources. Outpatient psychiatric care is more heavily managed than general health care, and the resources available for it have been quite limited. In this issue of the Journal, Kessler et al.1 describe the way in which . . .
Physician, Educate Thyself
Authors: Ira S. Nash
Journal: JAMA (1995)

WE RECENTLY had the opportunity to interview nearly 50 residents in internal medicine training programs, most of whom hope to attain leadership roles in academic medicine in the future. They were drawn from 17 residency programs and represented over 25 medical schools. All professed a deep commitment to the pursuit of academic careers and had come to interview for a handful of fellowship positions in cardiology. To move the interviews beyond a monotonous recitation of qualifications and career plans, we asked many of the residents for their thoughts about health system reform. We were shocked when we barely got a response. A few residents offered some brief insight into the scope of the challenge to reform. Fewer enunciated some broad goal of reform such as universal insurance coverage.<i>None</i>had any well-formed ideas about how to actually address these challenges or realize these goals, or could even render a reasoned
TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS.
Authors: JAMES TYSON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Whatever be the theory of the etiology or<i>rationale</i>of the phenomena of diabetes mellitus, it all comes ultimately to this—that in the diabetic subject the power to oxidize either a part, or all of the carbohydrate food is lost and that such food is practically wasted. Hence the patient, although he may eat liberally, gradually wastes and loses strength. This may be said to be the condition in the first or mild stage of diabetes mellitus. In the second stage or more severe form a part of the proteid food as well is split up into carbohydrate which again is not utilized, while there arise from the proteid and fatty foods certain toxic acid substances represented chiefly by oxybutyric and diacetic acids which abstract alkalies, chiefly ammonia, from the tissues. The output of ammonia thus abstracted, amounting to one gram in the twenty-four hours' urine of a normal person,
TREATMENT OF TENIASIS WITH QUINACRINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: W. A. Sodeman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In 1940 Culbertson<sup>1</sup>reported the successful action of quinacrine hydrochloride (atabrine® dihydrochloride) in the elimination of the tapeworm Hymenolepis fraterna from mice. He described the ready penetration of the wall of the small intestine by the drug, particularly in areas where the parasite is found. Later, in 1946, Saccomanno<sup>2</sup>reported the use of quinacrine in infestations with Taenia saginata. We have used quinacrine with success in the treatment of 11 patients with teniasis. Because reports of the effectiveness of quinacrine in such infestations are chiefly in the Latin American literature,<sup>3</sup>we are recording our experiences with this drug. The general plan of treatment that we have followed is adapted from that described by Saccomanno and Rivero. On the day preceding treatment the patient received a milk diet with the expectation that roughage would be eliminated from the gastrointestinal tract, leaving the worm adequately exposed to the action
Diagnosis of Knee Joint Affections.
Authors: James E. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 12, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —While it is usually a comparatively easy matter to make a diagnosis in tuberculosis of the knee, it is possible to be mistaken, as illustrated by the following cases: <h3>Case 1.</h3> —A young man 19 years of age came to the writer with a knee which had been pronounced tubercular by a number of physicians who had seen it. It had already been treated by iodoform and iodin injections. He gave a history of having sustained a slight injury about a year before the writer saw him, and some time afterward the joint began to swell and became painful. When he came to me he had an enlarged white joint with enlarged veins. There was flexion, atrophy, muscular spasm and severe pain which was much worse at night. He was put in bed and extension made by means of weight and pulley.
Genome-wide analysis of histone H3 acetylation patterns in AML identifies PRDX2 as an epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor gene
Authors: Shuchi Agrawal-Singh, Fabienne Isken, Konstantin Agelopoulos, Hans-Ulrich Klein, Nils H. Thoennissen, Gabriele Koehler, Antje Hascher, Nicole Bäumer, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Christian Thiede, Gerhard Ehninger, Anke Becker, Peter Schlenke, Yipeng Wang, Michael McClelland, Utz Krug, Steffen Koschmieder, Thomas Büchner, Dae-Yeul Yu, Shailendra Vikram Singh, Klaus Hansen, Hubert Serve, Martin Dugas, Carsten Müller-Tidow
Journal: Blood (2011)
A 55-Year-Old Woman With Osteopenia
Authors: Steven R. Cummings
Journal: JAMA (2006)

About half of postmenopausal women have a bone density T score at the femoral neck between −1.0 and −2.5. Bone density in this range was termed "osteopenia" by a World Health Organization working group. Osteopenia is not a disease and the label can cause unnecessary anxiety. Osteopenia encompasses a wide range of fracture risks; an individual patient's risk can be estimated from her age, bone mineral density, and clinical risk factors. Regardless of bone mineral density, regular exercise and adherence with vitamin D and calcium intake may reduce the risk of hip fracture. Osteopenia by itself is not an indication for treatment. Decisions about pharmacological treatment to prevent fractures should be based on the patient's risk of fractures, evidence about the efficacy and nonskeletal effects of the specific treatment, and the patient's preferences.
Effect of Weight Reduction and Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Management on Symptom Burden and Severity in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hany S. Abed, Gary A. Wittert, Darryl P. Leong, Masoumeh G. Shirazi, Bobak Bahrami, Melissa E. Middeldorp, Michelle F. Lorimer, Dennis H. Lau, Nicholas A. Antic, Anthony G. Brooks, Walter P. Abhayaratna, Jonathan M. Kalman, Prashanthan Sanders
Journal: JAMA (2013)

IMPORTANCEObesity is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation.Whether weight reduction and cardiometabolic risk factor management can reduce the burden of atrial fibrillation is not known.OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of weight reduction and management of cardiometabolic risk factors on atrial fibrillation burden and cardiac structure.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Single-center, partially blinded, randomized controlled study conducted between June 2010 and December 2011 in Adelaide, Australia, among overweight and obese ambulatory patients (N = 150) with symptomatic atrial fibrillation.Patients underwent a median of 15 months of follow-up.INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to weight management (intervention) or general lifestyle advice (control).Both groups underwent intensive management of cardiometabolic risk factors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcomes were Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale scores: symptom burden and symptom severity.Scores were measured every 3 months from baseline to 15 months.Secondary outcomes performed at baseline and 12 months were total atrial fibrillation episodes and cumulative duration measured by 7-day Holter, echocardiographic left atrial area, and interventricular septal thickness. RESULTSOf 248 patients screened, 150 were randomized (75 per group) and underwent follow-up.The intervention group showed a significantly greater reduction, compared with the control group, in weight (14.3 and 3.6 kg, respectively; P < .001)and in atrial fibrillation symptom burden scores (11.8 and 2.6 points, P < .001),symptom severity scores (8.4 and 1.7 points, P < .001),number of episodes (2.5 and no change, P = .01),and cumulative duration (692-minute decline and 419-minute increase, P = .002).Additionally, there was a reduction in interventricular septal thickness in the intervention and control groups (1.1 and 0.6 mm, P = .02)and left atrial area (3.5 and 1.9 cm 2 , P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this study, weight reduction with intensive risk factor management resulted in a reduction in atrial fibrillation symptom burden and severity and in beneficial cardiac remodeling.These findings support therapy directed at weight and risk factors in the management of atrial fibrillation.
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the reperfused or nonreperfused myocardial infarction scar tissues
Authors: Tae-Jin Youn, Bo-Ra Sohn, Hainan Piao, Jin-Sook Kwon, So-Young Choi, Dong-Woon Kim, Young-Gyu Kim, Myeong-Chan Cho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Gene Interaction Network Suggests Dioxin Induces a Significant Linkage between Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta
Authors: Hiroyoshi Toyoshiba, Takeharu Yamanaka, Hideko Sone, Frederick M. Parham, Nigel J. Walker, Jeanelle Martinez, Christopher J. Portier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Gene expression arrays (gene chips) have enabled researchers to roughly quantify the level of mRNA expression for a large number of genes in a single sample. Several methods have been developed for the analysis of gene array data including clustering, outlier detection, and correlation studies. Most of these analyses are aimed at a qualitative identification of what is different between two samples and/or the relationship between two genes. We propose a quantitative, statistically sound methodology for the analysis of gene regulatory networks using gene expression data sets. The method is based on Bayesian networks for direct quantification of gene expression networks. Using the gene expression changes in HPL1A lung airway epithelial cells after exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin at levels of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 nM for 24 hr, a gene expression network was hypothesized and analyzed. The method clearly demonstrates support for the assumed network and the hypothesis linking the usual dioxin expression changes to the retinoic acid receptor system. Simulation studies demonstrated the method works well, even for small samples.
Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Control in Hypertensive Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Authors: Brent M. Egan, Jiexiang Li, Suparna Qanungo, Tamara E. Wolfman
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Hypertension doubles coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Treating hypertension only reduces CHD risk ≈25%. Treating hypercholesterolemia in hypertensive patients reduces residual CHD risk &gt;35%. Methods and Results— To assess progress in concurrent hypertension and hypercholesterolemia control, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1988 to 1994, 1999 to 2004, and 2005 to 2010 were analyzed. Hypertension was defined by blood pressure ≥140/≥90 mm Hg, current medication treatment, and 2-told hypertension status; blood pressure &lt;140/&lt;90 defined control. Hypercholesterolemia was defined by ATP III criteria based on 10-year CHD risk, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; values below diagnostic thresholds defined control. Across surveys, 60.7% to 64.3% of hypertensives were hypercholesterolemic. From 1988 to 1994 to 2005 to 2010, control of LDL-C rose (9.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.6%–11.9%] to 45.4% [95% CI, 42.6%–48.3%]), concomitant hypertension and LDL-C (5.0% [95% CI, 3.3%–6.7%] to 30.7% [95% CI, 27.9%–33.4%]), and combined hypertension, LDL-C, and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.8% [95% CI, 0.4%–3.2%] to 26.9% [95% CI, 24.4%–29.5%]). By multivariable logistic regression, factors associated with concomitant hypertension, LDL-C, and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol control (odds ratio [95% CI]) were statin (10.7 [8.1–14.3]) and antihypertensive (3.32 [2.45–4.50]) medications, age (0.77 [0.69–0.88]/10-year increase), ≥2 healthcare visits/yr (1.90 [1.26-2.87]), black race (0.59 [0.44–0.80]), Hispanic ethnicity (0.62 [0.43–0.90]), cardiovascular disease (0.44 [0.34–0.56]), and diabetes mellitus (0.54 [0.42–0.70]). Conclusions— Despite progress, opportunities for improving concomitant hypertension and hypercholesterolemia control persist. Prescribing antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic medications to achieve treatment goals, especially for older, minority, diabetic, and cardiovascular disease patients, and accessing healthcare at least biannually could improve concurrent risk factor control and CHD prevention.
Time to end the political rhetoric on health tourism
Authors: Jasmine Schulkind, Rachael Biggart, Gemma Bowsher
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The recent news article that systematically refuted Nigel Farage’s allegations of so called HIV health tourism is commendable.1 It is deeply worrying that as the election debate comes to a climax, false political claims are increasingly made in a vacuum of scientific evidence.

Farage’s deliberate inflammatory comments undermine public health efforts to tackle the rising incidence of HIV infections in the …