tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The aging stomach: implications for NSAID gastropathy
Authors: MAKAU LEE, MARK FELDMAN
Journal: Gut (1997)

Over 30 million people worldwide use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) daily, and nearly 50% of these NSAID users are elderly.1 2 Numerous human studies have shown that the use of NSAIDs is associated with various gastroduodenal mucosal lesions,2-4 sometimes collectively referred to as NSAID gastropathy,4 and that NSAID gastropathy and its life-threatening complications occur primarily in elderly patients.5 6 Overall, the use of NSAIDs increases the risk of peptic ulcer disease, ulcer complications (haemorrhage and/or perforation), and death from ulcer by a factor of between 2 and 4.3 5 7 In the United States alone, medical costs attributable to NSAID gastropathy and its complications exceed $4 (£2.4) billion a year.2 Although increased NSAID use among the elderly is an obvious risk factor, epidemiological data suggest that aging is an independent risk factor for the development of NSAID gastropathy and its complications.5 6 8 The aim of this article is to review recent developments in the area of age related changes in gastric physiology that may predispose the elderly to NSAID gastropathy. A better understanding of the age related changes in gastric mucosal functions will help us to develop novel interventions for the treatment and prevention of NSAID induced gastrointestinal injury in susceptible elderly people.

The mechanisms by which aspirin and other NSAIDs produce acute and chronic gastroduodenal mucosal injury are incompletely understood. In general, gastric mucosal injury is thought to result when aggressive luminal factors (such as acid and pepsin) overwhelm local mucosal protective factors (such as mucus and bicarbonate).8 9Results from animal studies suggest that the production of mucosal lesions by aspirin is a result of two independent mechanisms: ( a ) cyclooxygenase inhibition by …
The nursing profession's coming of age: Contribution of “maxi” nurses is exaggerated
Authors: Susan Duncan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The nursing profession's coming of age The end of medicine as a professionEditor-Young describes the coming of age of the nursing profession. 1 All professions and occupations are human creations and therefore are subject to change.With the widening of roles of many professions, it becomes harder to define what a doctor can do that can't be done by an appropriately trained member of another profession.Perhaps major surgery and certifying cause of death are all that remains.With the increasing difficulty of getting junior doctors to do anything that may be regarded as work (rather than education) we doctors may be engineering the abolition of our profession, and we may move from distinct professions to practitioners from varied backgrounds being trained for a particular function.
Murine interleukin 7 (IL-7) receptor. Characterization on an IL-7-dependent cell line.
Authors: L S Park, D J Friend, A E Schmierer, S K Dower, A E Namen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

A murine cell line (IxN/2b) absolutely dependent upon exogenous IL-7 for continued growth has been obtained that expresses lymphoid precursor and class I MHC antigens and also contains a rearranged mu heavy chain. This cell line has been used to define the binding and structural characteristics of the murine IL-7 receptor using 125I-labeled recombinant murine IL-7. 125I-IL-7 binding to IxN/2b cell was rapid and saturable at both 4 degrees and 37 degrees C. Equilibrium binding studies produced curvilinear Scatchard plots at both temperatures with high and low affinity Ka values of approximately 1 x 10(10) M-1 and 4 x 10(8) M-1, respectively, and a total of 2,000-2,500 IL-7 binding sites expressed per cell. Experiments measuring inhibition of binding of 125I-IL-7 by unlabeled IL-7 also produced data consistent with the existence of two classes of IL-7 receptors. Evidence concerning the possible molecular nature of two classes of IL-7 receptors was provided by dissociation kinetics and affinity crosslinking experiments. The dissociation rate of 125I-IL-7 was markedly increased when measured in the presence of unlabeled IL-7 at both 37 degrees and 4 degrees C, which is diagnostic of a receptor population displaying negative cooperativity. Crosslinking studies showed that under both reducing and nonreducing conditions, the major crosslinked species observed corresponded to a receptor size of 75-79 kD while a less intense higher molecular mass crosslinked species was also seen which corresponded to a receptor size approximately twice as large (159-162 kD). Both types of experiments suggest that the IL-7 receptor may form noncovalently associated dimers in the membrane. The IL-7 receptor was expressed on pre-B cells, but not detected on several murine B cell lines or primary mature B cells. It was also expressed on murine thymocytes, some T lineage cell lines, and on bone marrow-derived macrophage. All cells binding 125I-IL-7 exhibited curvilinear Scatchard plots. No cytokines or growth factors tested were able to inhibit binding of 125I-IL-7 to its receptor. These results define the initial binding and structural characteristics, and the cellular distribution, of the murine IL-7 receptor.
Use of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Irene L. Katzan, Anthony J. Furlan, Lynne E. Lloyd, Jeffrey I. Frank, Dwain L. Harper, Judith A. Hinchey, Jeffrey P. Hammel, Annie Qu, Cathy A. Sila
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) rt-PA Stroke Study Group reported a benefit with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV tPA) for patients with acute ischemic stroke of less than 3 hours' duration. 1The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) subsequently approved IV tPA for acute ischemic stroke in June 1996.The use of IV tPA has caused a dramatic change in the way acute ischemic stroke is approached.However, IV tPA carries a 10fold increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). 1 To minimize the risks of thrombolytic treatment, guidelines have been devised by the American Heart Association, 2,3 American Academy of Neurology, 4 and NINDS. 516,18 Data were obtained by voluntary reporting in other series. 13,14,17
Setting the policy, education, and research agenda to reduce tobacco use. Workshop I. AHA Prevention Conference III. Behavior change and compliance: keys to improving cardiovascular health.
Authors: D M Becker, R Windsor, J K Ockene, B Berman, J A Best, K M Cummings, S Glantz, S Haynes, J Henningfield, T E Novotny
Journal: Circulation (1993)
Local Release of C-Reactive Protein From Vulnerable Plaque or Coronary Arterial Wall Injured by Stenting
Authors: Teruo Inoue, Toru Kato, Toshihiko Uchida, Masashi Sakuma, Atsuko Nakajima, Mitsuei Shibazaki, Yoshitaka Imoto, Masahiko Saito, Shigemasa Hashimoto, Yutaka Hikichi, Koichi Node
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Imaging regional lung function: A critical tool for developing inhaled antimicrobial therapies
Authors: Stephen Dubsky, Andreas Fouras
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2015)

Alterations in regional lung function due to respiratory infection have a significant effect on the deposition of inhaled treatments. This has consequences for treatment effectiveness and hence recovery of lung function. In order to advance our understanding of respiratory infection and inhaled treatment delivery, we must develop imaging techniques that can provide regional functional measurements of the lung. In this review, we explore the role of functional imaging for the assessment of respiratory infection and development of inhaled treatments. We describe established and emerging functional lung imaging methods. The effect of infection on lung function is described, and the link between regional disease, function, and inhaled treatments is discussed. The potential for lung function imaging to provide unique insights into the functional consequences of infection, and its treatment, is also discussed.
Cigar Smoking in Men and Risk of Death From Tobacco-Related Cancers
Authors: J. A. Shapiro
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Cigar consumption in the United States has increased dramatically since 1993, yet there are limited prospective data on the risk of cancer associated with cigar smoking. We examined the association between cigar smoking and death from tobacco-related cancers in a large, prospective cohort of U. S. men.We used Cox proportional hazards models to analyze the relationship between cigar smoking at baseline in 1982 and mortality from cancers of the lung, oral cavity/pharynx, larynx, esophagus, bladder, and pancreas over 12 years of follow-up of the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II cohort. A total of 137 243 men were included in the final analysis. Women were not included because we had no data on their cigar use. We excluded men who ever smoked cigarettes or pipes and adjusted all rate ratio (RR) estimates for age, alcohol use, and use of snuff or chewing tobacco.Current cigar smoking at baseline, as compared with never smoking, was associated with an increased risk of death from cancers of the lung (RR = 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.0-6.6), oral cavity/pharynx (RR = 4.0 [95% CI = 1.5-10.3]), larynx (RR = 10.3 [95% CI = 2.6-41.0]), and esophagus (RR = 1.8; 95% CI = 0.9-3.7). Although current cigar smokers overall did not appear to be at an increased risk of death from cancer of the pancreas (RR = 1.3; 95% CI = 0.9-1.9) or bladder (RR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.4-2.3), there was an increased risk for current cigar smokers who reported that they inhaled the smoke (for pancreas, RR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.5-4.8; for bladder, RR = 3.6; 95% CI = 1.3-9.9).Results from this large prospective study support a strong association between cigar smoking and mortality from several types of cancer.
Isoproterenol in the Treatment of Shock Due to Bacteremia with Gram-Negative Pathogens
Authors: Gary G. Kardos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

RECENT investigations of the shock state associated with bacteremia due to gram-negative enteric bacteria (endotoxin shock)1 2 3 emphasize the profound changes in peripheral vascular resistance, venous tone, renal blood flow, cardiac output and redistribution of circulating blood volume. As a consequence, current therapeutic approaches are directed primarily at correcting these alterations rather than merely restoring the blood pressure. Antibiotic drugs, large doses of glucocorticoids and expansion of circulating blood volume are employed with varying degrees of success. In addition, pharmacologic agents that can be grouped according to their predominant action on the cardiovascular system are used4: vasoconstrictors,2 , 5 , 6 most of which . . .
Importance of airflow obstruction after thoracoplasty.
Authors: M S Phillips, M R Miller, W J Kinnear, S E Gough, J M Shneerson
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Thirty six patients previously treated for pulmonary tuberculosis by thoracoplasty were studied to determine the prevalence and effect of airflow obstruction. The mean (SD) FEV1 was 1.3 (0.65) 1 and the mean forced expiratory ratio (FER) 64% (12%). FEV1 was less than predicted in every patient whereas FER was less than predicted in 30, being below the lower 98th percentile in 15 (42%). In the 18 patients who complained of breathlessness the means of the standardised residuals (SR) for FEV1, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and FER were significantly lower and that for residual volume/total lung capacity (RV/TLC) significantly higher than those for the 18 patients who were not breathless (all p less than 0.0001). There was no difference in the smoking history of the two groups. Only three of the 23 patients in whom reversibility of airflow obstruction was assessed showed a greater than 25% increase in PEF. None showed an increase in FEV1 of greater than 15%. The 18 who were breathless had significantly lower values of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and higher values of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) (p less than 0.0001). Thirteen of these patients were in chronic respiratory failure (PaO2 less than 8.0 kPa or PaCO2 greater than 5.9 kPa, or both) compared with only one of the 18 who were not breathless. The indices correlating best with PaO2 and PaCO2 were SR FEV1 and SR PEF respectively. SR FEV1 accounted for 34% of the variance in PaO2 and SR PEF for 29% of the variance in PaCO2. Airflow obstruction has been found to be common in patients with a thoracoplasty and to be associated with hypoxia and hypercapnia.
Gene mapping of familial autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy to chromosome 10q21-23.
Authors: K R Bowles, R Gajarski, P Porter, V Goytia, L Bachinski, R Roberts, R Pignatelli, J A Towbin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common form of primary myocardial disorder, accounting for 60% of all cardiomyopathies. In 20-30% of cases, familial inheritance can be demonstrated; an autosomal dominant transmission is the usual type of inheritance pattern identified. Previously, genetic heterogeneity was demonstrated in familial autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy (FDCM). Gene localization to chromosome 1 (1p1-1q1 and 1q32), chromosome 3 (3p25-3p22), and chromosome 9 (9q13-9q22) has recently been identified. We report one family with 26 members (12 affected) with familial autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy in which linkage to chromosome 10 at the 10q21-q23 locus is identified. Using short tandem repeat polymorphism (STR) markers with heterozygosity > 70%, 169 markers (50% of the genome) were used before linkage was found to markers D10S605 and D10S201 with a pairwise LOD score = 3.91, theta = 0, penetrance = 100% for both markers. Linkage to 1p1-1q1, 1q32, 3p25-3p22, and 9q13-9q22 was excluded. We conclude that a new locus for pure autosomal dominant FDCM exists, and that this gene is localized to a 9 cM region of 10q21-10q23. The search for the disease causing gene and the responsible mutation(s) is ongoing.
67-kDa laminin receptor increases cGMP to induce cancer-selective apoptosis
Authors: Motofumi Kumazoe, Kaori Sugihara, Shuntaro Tsukamoto, Yuhui Huang, Yukari Tsurudome, Takashi Suzuki, Yumi Suemasu, Naoki Ueda, Shuya Yamashita, Yoonhee Kim, Koji Yamada, Hirofumi Tachibana
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is a laminin-binding protein overexpressed in various types of cancer, including bile duct carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, cervical cancer, and breast carcinoma. 67LR plays a vital role in growth and metastasis of tumor cells and resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we show that 67LR functions as a cancer-specific death receptor. In this cell death receptor pathway, cGMP initiated cancer-specific cell death by activating the PKCδ/acid sphingomyelinase (PKCδ/ASM) pathway. Furthermore, upregulation of cGMP was a rate-determining process of 67LR-dependent cell death induced by the green tea polyphenol (–)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), a natural ligand of 67LR. We found that phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), a negative regulator of cGMP, was abnormally expressed in multiple cancers and attenuated 67LR-mediated cell death. Vardenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor that is used to treat erectile dysfunction, significantly potentiated the EGCG-activated 67LR-dependent apoptosis without affecting normal cells and prolonged the survival time in a mouse xenograft model. These results suggest that PDE5 inhibitors could be used to elevate cGMP levels to induce 67LR-mediated, cancer-specific cell death.
Second—Not First Reported Case
Authors: J. Hadziyannis
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the May 31 issue ofThe Journal(<b>192</b>:782, 1965) there was an interesting article entitled "Hypercalcemia Secondary to a Primary Hepatoma" by Drs. Keller, Goldschneider and Lafferty. The authors incorrectly stated that "... this appears to be the first reported case of hypercalcemia associated with a primary hepatoma in the absence of skeletal metastases." The association of hypercalcemia and primary hepatoma was described by Becker et al 20 months ago inThe Journal(<b>186</b>:1018, 1963). The hepatoma was associated not only with hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria but also with polycythemia and symptomatic hypoglycemia. Multiple alterations in metabolism were possibly determined by the primary tumor. Incomplete postmortem studies could not exclude a parathyroid adenoma as the cause of the hypercalcemia. The case of Keller et al has the advantage of a complete and detailed postmortem examination which excluded the existence of a parathyroid adenoma or osseous metastases.
Concerning the Journal.
Authors: Chas. A. L. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1895)

San Francisco, Dec. 8, 1995. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —TheJournalis to be praised for the excellence of its material during the past year. Yours truly, L. C.Lane. Chicago, Dec. 11, 1895. I find theJournalto be one of the best among the journals I am now reading. R. C.Wilson, M.D. Cincinnati, Ohio, Dec. 7, 1895. I congratulate you on the growth of theJournalunder your wise mangement. It is easily the leader to day....
Truth Is Stranger Than Fiction Department: The Surgeon, the Radiologist, the Authors, and JAMA Got it Right-Reply
Authors: Joseph Klausner
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Figure 2, left and right, are of the same female patient. As a matter of fact, this was the first patient in whom we established the diagnosis of reperfusion pulmonary edema with all its typical components. The patient was a 60year-old woman. The preoperative chest roentgenogram was taken on Septmiber 1,1987, in the erect position and the postoperative chest film was taken on September 3, 1987, at 6:05 PM in the supine position in the surgical intensive care unit. Luckily enough, I have retained copies of the negatives, both indicating the patient's name. Changes in proportions and position lead to the impression that the postoperative film (Fig 2, right) is of a different, male patient. In fact, the breasts are clearly seen on the negative (mastectomy was not performed as Dr Najarian suggests), but this is not clear enough in the printed version.
Age of Harwa
Authors: Edward Blumberg
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is certainly remarkable to make a diagnosis after 3,500 years, but 2,500 would probably be just as good. On the cover of the July 14, 1978, issue ofThe Journal, the age of 3,500 years was ascribed to the mummy of Harwa, the storekeeper in the Temple of Amun, and the same statement can be found in the BRIEF REPORT of Lee and Stenn (240:136, 1978), who established the diagnosis of ochronosis in the mummy. But according to the comment by Thomas J. Handrigan (240:86, 1978), Harwa lived in the 25th and 26th dynasties, c 650 BC. This would give the mummy about 1,000 years less than is indicated on the cover and in the article. Misprint or miscalculation?
Polymorphism in the Microglial Cell-Mobilizing <i>CX3CR1</i> Gene Is Associated With Survival in Patients With Glioblastoma
Authors: Mathieu Rodero, Yannick Marie, Mathieu Coudert, Emmeline Blondet, Karima Mokhtari, Audrey Rousseau, William Raoul, Catherine Carpentier, Florian Sennlaub, Philippe Deterre, Jean-Yves Delattre, Patrice Debré, Marc Sanson, Christophe Combadière
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Few reliable prognostic molecular markers have been characterized for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), considered the deadliest of human cancers. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in chemokines and their receptors, which together control microglial cell mobilization, may influence survival.Distributions of one polymorphism of the chemokine CCL2 (-2518A<G) and two polymorphisms of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 (termed V249I and T280M) were determined in a prospective series of 230 patients with GBM and correlated with overall survival. The replication study used data from a retrospective series of 106 additional patients with GBM. The extent of microglial cell infiltration was assessed by immunochemistry in 102 tumor specimens.Survival analysis showed that the common CX3CR1-I249 allele was an independent favorable prognostic factor in both groups, prospective and retrospective, with hazard ratios of 0.619 (95% CI, 0.451 to 0.850; P = .0031) and 0.354 (95% CI, 0.217 to 0.580; P < .0001), respectively. This beneficial effect was observed only in patients who underwent surgery. Patients with only this CX3CR1-I249 allele had a substantially longer mean survival (23.5 v 14.1 months; P < .0001). The CCL2-2518G allele was not associated with patient survival. Immunohistochemical analysis of primary tumor biopsies showed that the common CX3CR1 variant allele was associated with reduced microglial cell infiltration.The common CX3CR1 allelic variant was associated with increased GBM survival and with reduced tumor infiltration by microglia. The CX3CR1 polymorphism does not seem to be a risk factor for GBM but may prove useful in predicting survival.
Tetanus Toxoid as an Antigen for Delayed Cutaneous Hypersensitivity
Authors: Jeffrey C. Delafuente
Journal: JAMA (1983)

We studied the usefulness of tetanus toxoid (TT) as a skin test antigen in assessing cellular immune function. Hospitalized patients were skin tested with four antigens, and the response rates between these antigens were compared. Candida and mumps antigens resulted in significantly more positive responses than did TT or PPD. The response rate to the TT significantly declined in older patients, suggesting these persons may not be adequately immunized against tetanus. We found TT is not as useful as Candida or mumps antigens in the evaluation of cellular immune function in a hospitalized population but it may have some usefulness in the evaluation of energy. Negative skin test results may convert to positive after patients receive an immunizing dose of TT, as shown by our data. In addition, there were several patients with a positive response to TT and negative responses to the other common skin test antigens.
Narcotic Septal Perforations Due to Drug Addiction
Authors: Emanuel Messinger
Journal: JAMA (1962)

ANY PHYSICIAN who has had substantial experience with drug addicts is aware of the fact that perforations of the nasal septum occur because of this habit. However, most individuals have a rather vague and sometimes erroneous idea of the actual incidence of this complication. This ambiguity was first brought to the author's attention in 1952 when he conferred with the late Dr. Perry Lichtenstein (then Medical Consultant in the New York District Attorney's Office) about a case of narcotic septal perforation due to heroin which was encountered in a routine physical check-up. Dr. Lichtenstein at that time expressed the opinion that nasal septal perforations were becoming increasingly rare because of the almost exclusive use of heroin instead of cocaine, since the latter material had become more expensive and more difficult to obtain through the usual illicit channels. Dr. Lichtenstein surmised cocaine was usually used in a more concentrated form and