tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Undertaking: Life Studies from a Dismal Trade
Authors: Anthony Clare
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Thomas Lynch: Jonathan Cape, £9.99, pp 226 ISBN 0224 04 2769

Before I opened this book, I was not exactly sure why I had been asked to review it and for this journal. After all, it is not about health or disease, or diagnosis or treatment. It is not about how to take better care of your teeth, stop smoking, stay within the sensible drinking guidelines, combat depression, or the hundred and one other preoccupations and anxieties of living that customarily make up my reviewing fare. This book is about death and therefore about life. It is written by a poet, and beautifully, achingly, movingly written it is. But Thomas …
Hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: J Craske, W K Paver, J Neeleman, C Unwin, M Farrel, G R Foster, H C Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Carol A Seymour's editorial1 and the papers on hepatitis C in the same issue illustrate the problems of defining chronic hepatitis C and of identifying patients who would benefit from regular follow up in a gastroenterology clinic. We and colleagues have found that only liver biopsy reliably identifies patients with chronic infection. Kate E Ryan and colleagues rightly question the effectiveness of counselling when so little is known of the natural course of this infection.2

Liver biopsy is not a minor procedure, and scarce and expensive medical resources should be used only when the patient will benefit. The patient must be given an accurate prognosis and treatment with interferon alfa and other antivirals should be offered when appropriate, although the long term effects of such intervention on the prognosis of liver disease associated with hepatitis C are unknown.

Much of this information is not new. It has been known since the 1970s that a normal serum alanine aminotransferase activity in repeated samples taken over an extended period does not exclude the finding of non-A, non-B hepatitis on liver biopsy.3,4 Published studies of liver biopsies in blood donors positive for antibodies to hepatitis C virus show varying proportions with normal histological appearances and …
Selected Readings IN Pathology FROM Hippocrates TO Virchow.
Authors: Esmond R. Long
Journal: JAMA (1929)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Social skills training for psychiatric patients. I: Concepts, methods, and clinical results
Authors: J P Brady
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Deficits in social skills are often seen in psychiatric patients. In particular instances these may be a consequence of the psychiatric illness, a contributing cause to that illness, or a feature of the psychiatric disorder. During the last two decades, systematic training programs in social skills have been developed and evaluated for the amelioration of these deficiencies. The author critically reviews basic concepts and methods in social skills training and the results of treatment in case reports, analogue studies, and single-case experimental designs.
Letter: The case of the nonprolapsing myxoma.
Authors: J L Potts
Journal: Circulation (1976)

To the Editor:In order to establish the validity of a comparison of the effects of two different therapies one must first establish that the patient groups subjected to the therapies are the same.This is probably im- possible to achieve except in a prospective randomized study.In a retrospective study, it is especially important that every attempt be made to assure that bias is not introduced.We are concerned that
Abstract A20: Sphingosine 1-phosphate promotes tumor progression in a survivin-dependent manner
Authors: Nasser Samadi, Maryam Tabasi Nezhad, Parisa Ghanbari, Mahsa Mohseni
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Introduction: sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid molecule that involves in tumor progressions, metastasis and chemo-resistance. We investigated the effects of S1P and its signaling mechanism in induction of tumor progression in chronic lymphoblastic leukemia SKW3 cells and non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cells. Methods: We investigated the effects of S1P on proliferation with MTT assay, invasion by soft-agar colony forming assay and cell migration by applying trans-well migration assay. The expression of survivin gene was assessed by Real-time PCR. Results: We showed that low concentrations of S1P induced proliferation and migration in both cell lines. S1P also stimulated invasiveness in H1299 cancer cells. We showed that the effects of S1P in tumor progression are S1P receptor-dependent. Survivin also plays a key role in S1P tumorogenic functions. Conclusion: Our results suggest that identifying cancer patients with higher levels of S1P and survivin and inhibiting their activities can be considered as an important strategy to increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Nasser Samadi, Maryam Tabasi Nezhad, Parisa Ghanbari, Mahsa Mohseni. Sphingosine 1-phosphate promotes tumor progression in a survivin-dependent manner. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Drug Sensitivity and Resistance: Improving Cancer Therapy; Jun 18-21, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(4 Suppl): Abstract nr A20.
217. Widespread Distribution of Beta-Glucuronidase in the Mouse Brain Is Achieved after a Single Inoculation with a Neuroattenuated HSV Vector: Distribution Differs with Inoculation Site
Authors: Corinna Lebherz, Albert M. Maguire, Alberto Auricchio, Waixing Tang, Tomas S. Aleman, Zhangyong Wei, Rebecca L. Grant, Artur V. Cideciyan, Samuel G. Jacobson, James M. Wilson, Jean Bennett
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Neovascularization leads to blindness in numerous ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, and sickle cell disease. More effective and stable treatments for ocular neovascularization are needed, as are animal models to test new interventions. In order to develop primate models of diabetic retinopathy and choroidal neovascularization (CNV), rhesus macaques were injected subretinally (n = 2) or intravitreally (n = 2) with an AAV2 vector carrying the cDNA encoding human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the left eye or a control vector (AAV2.CMV.eGFP) in the right eye. Vector doses of the control and the treatment vector were 6.34 × 109 (n = 1) or 3 × 1011 (n = 1) infectious particles for each injection group. Overexpression of VEGF in the intraocular fluid was measured by ELISA at designated timepoints throughout the study. VEGF expression in the ocular fluids was significantly higher after intravitreal injection than after subretinal injection of the corresponding dose. VEGF expression in the control eye and serum were negligibly low. Neovascularization was evaluated by ophthalmoscopy, angiography, optical coherence tomography, and ultimately, histopathology. A prominent feature after intravitreal injection of AAV2.CMV.VEGF was the development of iris neovascularization, which was not seen in the subretinally injected and control eyes. Over-expression of VEGF through AAV2 resulted in rapid development of features of diabetic retinopathy or CNV depending on the targeted cell type/injection route and diffusion of VEGF. After intravitreal injection, low dose of AAV.VEGF did not have any effects on the neural retina or choroid, whereas high dose of AAV.VEGF induced inner retinal neovascularization. After subretinal injection, low dose of AAV.VEGF caused choroidal neovascularization and cystoid macular edema, whereas high dose of AAV.VEGF in addition led to inner retinal neovascularization.
562. Human T-Cells Modified as Antigen Presenting Cells Are Superior to Professional APC in Stimulating T-Cell Responses
Authors: Eleni C. Adamopoulou, Christian Sinzger, Gabriele Kuntz, Christina Neff, Hermann Einsele, Hans G. Rammensee, Max S. Topp
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Adoptive transfer of T-cells expressing herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) induces an immune response against the transgene in HIV patients and in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients' resulting in eradication of transferred cells. The elimination of transferred cells is mediated by HSV-TK-specific CD8+ T-cells. As a vigorous T-cell response to the modified T-cells has been detected in clinical trials we reason that genetically modified human T-cells may represent a novel class of antigen presenting cells for eliciting CD8+ T-cell responses. In the current study human T-cells are oncoretrovirally transduced with a model antigen, CMV tegument pp65 protein. The ability of these genetically modified cells to function as antigen presenting cells (T-cellAPC) was investigated. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells genetically modified with CMV pp65 gene can stimulate CMV-specific T cells as determined by IFN-γ production of activated T-cells. Furthermore, the potential of T-cellAPC to induce and expand CMV pp65-specific CTLs was addressed and compared to CD40-B–mediated CTL expansion. Both CD40-B and T-cellAPC induced and expanded simultaneously antigen-specific CTLs in vitro to more than one epitope with different HLA restriction alleles from healthy CMV seropositive donors. After only one round of seven days in vitro stimulation with T-cellAPC, CMV pp65-restricted T-cells were expanded up to 97-fold as determined with tetramer staining. In contrast, CTL cultures stimulated with autologous CD40-BAPC expanded only up to 41-fold. The observed difference in expansion potential mediated either with T-cellAPC or CD40-BAPC could result in phenotypic functional differences in the Ag-specific CTL populations. To address this issue the expression of co stimulation and chemokine receptors on tetramer positive cells was determined. Despite differential expression profile of costimulatory ligands on T-cellAPC and CD40-BAPC, both expanded CTL populations are of effector/memory phenotype and efficiently kill CMV-infected fibroblasts. Thus, T-cells transduced with oncoretroviral vectors to express full-length antigens are potent APC and can potentially be utilized as a new vaccine strategy in vivo against viral pathogens and cancer.
Abstract 18368: Evidence for Activation of Cerebral Autonomic Center in Response to Cardiac Electrical Stimulation in Humans -A New Finding of Cardio-Cerebral Connection
Authors: Hideaki Suzuki, Kimio Satoh, Shunsuke Tatebe, Yasuharu Matsumoto, Masateru Kondo, Makoto Nakano, Koji Fukuda, Shoichi Watanuki, Kotaro Hiraoka, Manabu Tashiro, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is one of the cortical receptive fields of afferent nerves innervating the visceral organs and modulates autonomic nervous system in collaboration with hypothalamus and brainstem. Cardiac afferent nerves are associated with not only chest pain but also sympathetic arousal in heart failure, in which ACC could be involved. However, the cortical receptive fields of cardiac afferent nerves still remain to be elucidated. Hypothesis: We thus investigated whether ACC is activated in response to cardiac electrical stimulation in humans. Methods: We studied 10 patients (74.7±1.9 yrs, M/F 9/1) with cardiac pacemaker implantation. Before the measurement, mode of cardiac pacemaker was changed to VVI 80-90 bpm with 1.5V intensity. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET) during sham stimulation (1.5V) and intense stimulation (7.5-8V). The CBF images of intense stimulation were compared with those of sham stimulation using SPM8, a common analysis tool for neuroimages. Cardiac sensation was evaluated with an ordinate scale after CBF measurements. Blood samples were obtained from the cubital vein before and after CBF measurements for plasma catecholamine levels (one patient was excluded for the analysis due to urination before the last blood sampling). Results: Intense stimulation did not induce cardiac sensation but significantly increased plasma adrenaline levels as compared with sham stimulation (intense, 6.1±1.8 vs. sham, 0.1±3.0 pg/ml, P=0.031, n=9 each). CBF in ACC was significantly increased in response to intense stimulation as compared with sham stimulation (intense, 64.6±0.7 vs. sham, 61.0±1.3 ml/100g/min, P=0.008, n=10 each) ( Figure, yellow arrowhead ). Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that ACC could be the cortical receptive field of cardiac afferent nerves associated with sympathetic arousal in humans.
Abstract 13620: Geometric Differences in Right Ventricular Remodeling Between Pressure Overload and Volume Overload: A Real-Time Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography Study
Authors: Masaki Izumo, Takeji Saitoh, Yoko Fukuoka, Jun Tanaka, Swaminatha V Gurudevan, Kirsten Tolstrup, Robert J Siegel, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Regional right ventricular (RV) geometric and functional changes caused by pressure and volume overload remain unclear. This study evaluated RV regional remodeling under the different...
Abstract 5073: Relationship of Physical Activity with Circulating Progenitor Cell Counts and Adiponectin Levels in Healthy Non-Obese Individuals
Authors: Konstantinos Aznaouridis, Sarfraz Ali, Nino Kavtaradze, Ibhar Al Mheid, Farah Quyyumi, Muhiddin Ozkor, Saurabh Dhawan, Jonathan Murrow, Riyaz Patel, Connie Weyand, J J Goronzy, R W Alexander, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Physical activity is a determinant of cardiovascular performance and a predictor of risk. Levels of progenitor cells that contribute to repair of tissues including the cardiovascular system are modulated by cardiovascular risk factors and disease. Similarly, adiponectin levels, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, may be modulated by the sedentary state. We hypothesized that the benefits of physical activity may include enhancing the circulating progenitor cell counts and raising adiponectin levels. We investigated this relationship in healthy subjects. Methods: We studied 61 healthy, non-obese subjects free of risk factors (age 43±13 years, BMI 24.2±3.4 kg/m 2 ). Levels of light (&lt;3 METS), moderate intensity (3– 6 METS), vigorous (&gt;6 METS) and total physical activity, expressed as MET-minutes/day of energy expenditure, were derived from the validated Cross-Cultural Activity Participation Study (CAPS) Typical Week Activity questionnaire. Levels of CD34+ hematopoetic progenitor cells and the sub-populations enriched for endothelial progenitors including CD34+/CD133+, CD34+/KDR+ and CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ cells were measured by flow cytometry. Adiponectin was measured by ELISA (n= 32). Results: The CD34+ count correlated with light (r = 0.30, p&lt;0.05), vigorous (r = 0.30, p&lt;0.05) and total physical activity (r = 0.28, p&lt;0.05), independent of age and gender. The 34 subjects who fulfilled the CDC criteria for vigorous physical activity had higher CD34+/KDR+ (1.41±0.77 vs. 1.0±0.82 cells/μL, p&lt;0.05) and CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ counts (0.68±0.36 vs. 0.50±0.38 cells/μL, p&lt;0.05) compared to the 27 subjects who did not meet those criteria. There was a positive correlation between adiponectin levels and moderate-intensity physical activity (r=0.41, p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: We show for the first time in a healthy, non-obese population that vigorous physical activity is associated increased levels of hematopoeitic and endothelial progenitors. Greater activity is also associated with increased adiponectin levels. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the protective role of regular exercise in cardiovascular and metabolic health.
Abstract 170: Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells suppress angiogenesis by down-regulating VEGF expression in breast cancer cells
Authors: Sae-Ra Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Exosomes are small membrane vesicles released by a variety of cell types. Exosomes contain genetic materials, such as mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), implying that they may play a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which potentially differentiate into multiple cell types, can migrate to the tumor sites and have been reported to exert complex effects on tumor progression. To elucidate the role of MSCs within the tumor microenvironment, previous studies have suggested various mechanisms such as immune modulation and secreted factors of MSCs. However, the paracrine effects of MSC-derived exosomes on the tumor microenvironment remain to be explored. The hypothesis of this study was that MSC-derived exosomes might reprogram tumor behavior by transferring their molecular contents. To test this hypothesis, exosomes from MSCs were isolated and characterized. MSC-derived exosomes exhibited different protein and RNA profiles compared with their donor cells and these vesicles could be internalized by breast cancer cells. The results demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes significantly down-regulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor cells, which lead to inhibition of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, miR-16, a miRNA known to target VEGF, was enriched in MSC-derived exosomes and it was partially responsible for the anti-angiogenic effect of MSC-derived exosomes. The collective results suggest that MSC-derived exosomes may serve as a significant mediator of cell-to-cell communication within the tumor microenvironment and suppress angiogenesis by transferring anti-angiogenic molecules. Citation Format: Sae-Ra Park. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells suppress angiogenesis by down-regulating VEGF expression in breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 170. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-170
Statistics Notes: Survival probabilities (the Kaplan-Meier method)
Authors: J M Bland, D G Altman
Journal: BMJ (1998)

As we have observed,1 analysis of survival data requires special techniques because some observations are censored as the event of interest has not occurred for all patients. For example, when patients are recruited over two years one recruited at the end of the study may be alive at one year follow up, whereas one recruited at the start may have died after two years. The patient who died has a longer observed survival than the one who still survives and whose ultimate survival time is unknown.

The table shows data from a study of conception in subfertile women.2 The event is conception, and women “survived” until they conceived. One woman conceived after 16 months (menstrual cycles), whereas several were followed for shorter time periods during which they did not conceive; their time to conceive was thus censored.

View this table:

Time (months) to conception or censoring in 38 sub-fertile women after laparoscopy and hydrotubation2



We wish to estimate the proportion surviving (not having conceived) by any given time, …
İntraduktal Papiller Müsinöz Neoplazilerin Tanısında Endoskopik Ultrasonografinin Rolü: Cerrahi Histopatoloji ile Korelasyon
Authors: Shireen A. Pais, Siriboon Attasaranya, Julia K. Leblanc, Stuart Sherman, C. Max Schmidt, ve John Dewitt
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Drug-specific pattern of P53 phosphorylation in endometrial cancer cells
Authors: Alexandre Rouette, Eric Asselin
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

3346 

Background : Following cellular insults causing DNA damage or microtubule disruption, P53 plays a crucial role in determining cell fate. When it is not sequestered by MDM2, it can induce the expression of factors that stop cell cycle progression to allow DNA damage repair. P53 has also been shown to induce apoptosis if DNA damage is too severe. P53 tumor suppresssor gene is frequently mutated in cancer cells, which favours cancer development. P53 activity is also known to be regulated at the post-transcriptional level, since wild-type and mutated P53 proteins can be phosphorylated on multiple serine residues. Phosphorylation on particular serine residues has been shown to regulate binding of P53 to MDM2, or its gene transactivation activity. Human endometrial tumors often show resistance to current anticancer agents such as cisplatin, doxorubicin and taxol in the clinic, and this is in part attributable to altered P53 activity. We have observed that endometrial cancinoma cell lines (which have a mutated P53 protein) show distinct sensitivity to the three drugs in vitro . Given that mutations occur in the same region of p53 gene in these cells, the P53 status is not likely to be responsible for drug-specific sensitivity. However, considering that the three drugs have different mode of action, we hypothesized that they could induce different patterns of P53 phosphorylation in endometrial cancer cells, thereby differently modulating P53 activity and chemosensitivity. The present study aimed at determining the patterns of P53 phosphorylation in endometrial cancer cells in response to the three drugs. Methods : Five endometrial cancer cell lines (KLE, Ishikawa, HEC-1A, RL-95-2, EN-1078D) were treated for short time periods with cisplatin, doxorubicin or paclitaxel, and we analyzed early events of phosphorylation on key serine residues of P53, using Western Blot. Results : In three out of five cell lines (HEC-1A, RL-95-2, KLE), cisplatin and doxorubicin, but not taxol, induced P53 phosphorylation on serine 15, 20 and 37. In all cases, doxorubicin induced a higher extent of P53 phosphorylation than cisplatin. Doxorubicin, but not cisplatin, also induced phosphorylation on serine 9, in HEC-1A cells. Paclitaxel, but not cisplatin or doxorubicin, induced the phophorylation of P53 on serine 46, but not on other serines (9, 15, 20, 37). Conclusion : These preliminary results suggest that different chemotherapeutic drugs can induce different patterns of phosphorylation of P53 in endometrial carcinoma cells suggesting this might be a crucial event dictating drug-specific chemosensivity.
Abstract 12784: Targeted Delivery of Endothelial Cells by Overexpressing Interleukin-8 Receptors Inhibits Neointimal Responses to Vascular Injury: Novel Mechanism of Vasoprotection
Authors: Peng Li, Dongqi Xing, Kaizheng Gong, Wei Zhang, Fadi Hage, Suzanne Oparil, Yiu-Fai Chen
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Interleukin receptors IL8RA and IL8RB on neurophil membranes bind to IL8 with high affinity and play a critical role in neutrophil recruitment (e.g. adhesion and trans-endothelial mig...