tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ARMY IN RELATION TO THE TUBERCULOSIS PROBLEM
Authors: GEORGE E. BUSHNELL
Journal: JAMA (1918)

phenol (carbolic acid) is added to prevent the formation of fungi.The water drips through Tube D, on which is a drip clamp, into Bottle B, at the rate of 5 drops per second.A negative pressure is formed in the top of A which is trans- mitted down Tube V to the collecting bottle, C, the water in the bottom of B forming a valve and preventing the vacuum from being lost.Tube E forms an outlet for the air in B displaced by water dripping into it.A similar tube, S, forms a safety valve for A, and when the negative pressure in A and C exceeds 14 inches of water or about 1 inch of mer- cury, admits air into A, preventing too strong a vacuum.When the top bottle is empty, which takes about eight hours, the bottles are reversed by turning them on the axle, when S assumes the function of E, and vice versa.The bottles lose a small amount of water from evaporation through ¿" and E, and require replenishing about every eight weeks.To do this or to fill them in the beginning", a funnel is attached to Tube S by a rubber tube and the liquid poured in from a pitcher ; or after the tube is full, the distal end is placed in a pail placed above the pump, and allowed to act as a siphon.All parts of this pump except the frame are made from articles obtainable in any city or hospital, and in case of breakage can be.replaced anywhere.Owing to unfortunate experiences in having two instruments of my invention appro- priated by others as their own invention, I have applied for a patent for this pump.My pump is self-contained and needs no accessories to operate it, is independent of all running water, air pump or electricity, and all the attention it needs is reversal of the bottles every eight hours.The pump should be placed between the head of the bed and the wall.The tube from the Y on V to C should be about 6 feet long, and at some point elevated above the level Apparatus for suction drainage of suprapubic bladder wounds.of Bottle A. This is best done by a loop of string attaching it to the top of the bed.The tube then runs down to C, placed on the floor under the bed beneath the patient's pelvis.A small catheter is inserted in the suprapubic wound and fastened to the skin by several strips of adhesive plaster.This is attached to a tube running down hill to / so that the only suction necessary is to draw the urine from the bladder up over the level of the abdomen.Voluminous dressings are to be avoided, as they prevent air from entering the bladder to replace the urine sucked out.Two or three layers of gauze are sufficient.If a heavy pad is used, the bladder is apt to become distended with urine.Then it will well up through the wound alongside the tube before suction starts.
883-6 Carbon monoxide protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo through mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway
Authors: Hajime Fujimoto, Seiji Ayabe, Nobukazu Ishizaka, Minoru Ohno, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Does the Fetus Think?
Authors: Niels H. Lauersen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The provocative question of whether the fetus is capable of what could be called "thought" is of interest to physicians, psychologists, and parents alike. Though we can never know with certainty the exact nature of the thought processes in the unborn child, there is some information we do have. At five months of gestation, when the basic body structures of the fetus are formed and many behavior patterns are already established, stimulation of different parts of the brain can evoke appropriate body responses. Pupura (<i>The New York Times</i>, May 9, 1975, p 30) claimed that the fetal brain begins to "live" at about 28 to 30 weeks, and, as important connections between nerve cells emerge, more complex and integrated activities can take place. Using ultrasound techniques, Birnholtz<sup>1</sup>was even able to detect rapid eye movements, which are characteristic of an active dream state, in fetuses of 23
Military Combat Deployment and Alcohol Use—Reply
Authors: Isabel G. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Does the type of sewage drainage affect health?
Authors: M Chandrakumar, J Evans
Journal: BMJ (1994)

assistance has been emphasised repeatedly.3'4It has been suggested, however, that in wartime the traditional epidemiologists can do little.'The ability to collect data in a time of conflict is severely limited by lack of access, danger, and the destruction of infrastructures.The present study shows, however, that support for epidemiologists in wartime is worthwhile and that useful data, both for detecting outbreaks of infectious disease and for informing humanitarian aid, can be obtained.We thank all the doctors in Bosnia-Hercegovina who have continued to collect data and plan for the public health despite extremely adverse circumstances and the staff of the World Health Organisation's field offices and health monitoring unit in the former Yugoslavia.
The Serologic Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections in Medical Practice
Authors: LOUIS H. MILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Serologic tests are now available which assist the physician in the diagnosis of several parasitic diseases. Combined with the clinical picture and other laboratory studies these tests have proved especially useful in the diagnosis of invasive amebiasis, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, echinococcosis, and Chagas' disease. Evaluation of serology depends on the stage of infection, organs involved, antigen preparation, and serologic methods used. The recommendations given are derived from personal experience and a selective review of the literature. Serodiagnosis in some of the other areas of parasitology must await more refined methods of antigen preparation or new test systems.
Thalidomide for the Treatment of Cough in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Maureen R. Horton, Victoria Santopietro, Leena Mathew, Karen M. Horton, Albert J. Polito, Mark C. Liu, Sonye K. Danoff, Noah Lechtzin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal disorder of unknown cause with no effective treatment. Cough affects up to 80% of patients with IPF, is frequently disabling, and lacks effective therapy. Objective: To determine the efficacy of thalidomide in suppressing cough in patients with IPF. Design: 24-week, double-blind, 2-treatment, 2-period crossover trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00600028) Setting: 1 university center. Participants: 98 participants were screened, 24 were randomly assigned, 23 received treatment (78.3% men; mean age, 67.6 years; mean FVC, 70.4% predicted), and 20 completed both treatment periods. Measurements: The primary end point was cough-specific quality of life measured by the Cough Quality of Life Questionnaire (CQLQ). Secondary end points were visual analogue scale of cough and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). For all measures, lower scores equaled improved cough or respiratory quality of life. Results: CQLQ scores significantly improved with thalidomide (mean difference vs. placebo, −11.4 [95% CI, −15.7 to −7.0]; P < 0.001). Thalidomide also significantly improved scores on the visual analogue scale of cough (mean difference vs. placebo, −31.2 [CI, −45.2 to −17.2]; P < 0.001). In participants receiving thalidomide, scores from the total SGRQ, SGRQ symptom domain, and SGRQ impact domain improved compared with those of participants receiving placebo. Adverse events were reported in 74% of patients receiving thalidomide and 22% receiving placebo; constipation, dizziness, and malaise were more frequent with thalidomide. Limitation: This was a single-center study of short duration and small sample size focused on symptom-specific quality of life. Conclusion: Thalidomide improved cough and respiratory quality of life in patients with IPF. A larger trial is warranted to assess these promising results. Primary Funding Source: Celgene Corporation.
Radioisotopic Renography
Authors: MAHLON K. BURBANK, JAMES C. HUNT, W. NEWLON TAUXE, FRANK T. MAHER
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Sodium ortho-iodohippurate (Hippuran) I 131 renography has been performed by a standardized technic in patients with renal artery stenosis, pyelonephritis, primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, and renal tubular acidosis with nephrocalcinosis, as well as in patients in whom the hypertension was apparently not secondary. Fifty of 94 patients studied were found to have abnormal renograms. In patients with renal artery stenosis, all of 37 patients studied had values on the renogram that were outside the range for normal subjects. Although the renographic findings were not considered diagnostic of renal artery stenosis, certain abnormalities of the renogram were commonly observed in the presence of such lesions. When a unilateral delay in the appearance of maximal radioactivity was associated with delayed disappearance ot the medium, renal artery stenosis was frequently observed. Less pronounced differences in the function of the two kidneys were observed in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis. A state of antidiuresis was often found helpful in the detection of less severe differences in renal function. In patients with predominantly unilateral pyelonephritis, the renographic abnormalities were qualitatively consistent with the degree of impairment of renal function. Bilateral abnormalities were observed in two patients who had bilateral parenchymal disease. The abnormalities on the renogram did not permit distinction between renovascular and renal parenchynal disease. Pyelonephritis associated with obstructive uropathy revealed findings highly suggestive of renal artery stenosis. Distinction from renovascular lesions could be determined with the aid of urographic studies. Only three of 44 patients with essential hypertension had abnormal renograms. The renograms, normal and abnormal, revealed essentially equal function of the two kidneys. The patients with abnormal renograms were not found by other technics to have evidence of secondary hypertension. The patients who were found to have pheochromocytoma and primary aldosteronism had normal isotope renograms. The patient with renal tubular acidosis and nephrocalcinosis had a bilaterally abnormal renogram and severe impairment of total renal function. The presence of a normal isotope renogram, as performed in our laboratory, is considered strong evidence against the existence of a renal or renovascular cause for secondary hypertension.
Donor Policies for Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Willis H. Navarro
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bathing Instructions for Patients With Epilepsy
Authors: Fred A. Baughman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Regarding previous letters describing death caused by a seizure and falling from the top bunk of a bunk bed (1979;242:2761 [Riley and Brannon]) and drowning in a bathtub, as a result of a seizure (1980;243:2029 [Geiger]), it is to be recollected that patients with seizures are occasionally simply found dead in bed. Were we to list all of these as hazards for our epileptic patients to avoid, we would indeed be, to them, the voice of doom. I, too, had a patient, a pretty young teenager with uncontrolled photosensitive seizures, die in a bathtub. When the police arrived to investigate, not a word was said by any family member about the existence of a seizure disorder, and so, for a time at least, the death was a total mystery to authorities. The mystery was cleared up when I saw word of her death in the newspaper and
Role of prostaglandins in the inflammatory reflex: impaired vagus-mediated immunosuppression in mice deficient in microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1)
Authors: Erwan Le Maître, Priya Revathikumar, Helena Idborg, Marina Korotkova, Per-Johan Jakobsson, Jon Lampa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (ie, inflammatory reflex) comprises an important neuro-immune link whereby inflammation such as arthritis can be tightly controlled by the autonomic nervous system and the vagus nerve (VN). Prostaglandins are known to mediate central effects in neurotransmission, by modulating glial interaction with neurons. Therefore, the authors have investigated the role of prostaglandins, including the major prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> producing enzyme mPGES-1, in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. <h3>Material and methods</h3> Knock-out mice for the mPGES-1 enzyme (-/-) have been used for the study, with comparison to wild-type (+/+) animals. After VN isolation, the authors injected intraperitoneally lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 2 mg/kg). The authors then electrically stimulated the VN for 5 min. After a recovery of 6 h, mice were killed and blood was collected. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), IL-1β and other pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured using the meso scale discovery (MSD) instrument. In addition, the authors evaluated the effect of PGE<sub>2</sub> on the release of cytokines in vitro, using peripheral blood monuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by LPS. Supernatants were analysed for TNFα concentration with ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> After vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and analysis of the serum, wild-type animals showed a decrease of the release of TNFα (62.6+/−8.5 with VNS vs 90.3+/−9.1 pg/ml without VNS; p&lt;0.05), IL-1β (70.5+/−11,0 vs 114.0+/−15.6 pg/ml; p&lt;0.05), IL-12p70 (16,521.9+/−2014.6 vs 25,762.4+/−2494.6 pg/ml; p&lt;0.01) and IFNγ (173.5+/− 38.7 vs 454.6+/−111.9; p&lt;0.05). All other cytokines measured with the MSD kit did not differ from the respective controls (ie, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, KC/GRO). Interestingly, VNS had no effect on any of the cytokines measured on serum from the knock-out mice. On in vitro studies, incubation with PGE<sub>2</sub> (1 µM) was shown to inhibit the release of TNFα by PBMC after LPS stimulation from 375.1+/−73.7 to 45.5+/−22.1 pg/ml (p&lt;0.01). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data indicate that mice deficient in mPGES-1 do not respond to vagus-mediated immunosuppression. These results implicate an involvement of PGE<sub>2</sub> in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and provide support for further investigations regarding the interaction between cholinergic and prostaglandin systems.
Folate Deficiency and Plasma Homocysteine during Increased Oxidative Stress
Authors: Eugene J. Rogers, ShanShan Chen, Amy Chan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: Several reports have indicated that elevated plasma levels of the amino acid homocysteine are associated with, or are a primary risk factor for, coronary and vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. However, a number of additional studies do not show such a correlation.1 This discrepancy may arise because there are multiple metabolic fates for homocysteine, depending on the nature and extent of cellular oxidative stress. Most homocysteine is converted to methionine through folate-dependent and vitamin B12–dependent reactions. Compromise of this conversion as a consequence of folate deficiency can lead to increased export of homocysteine from cells, . . .
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome After Thromboendarterectomy
Authors: GEORGES BAILLET, CLAUDE ALAIN PLANCHON, FEYZI TAMGAC, MARTINE THOMASSIN, JEAN-MARC FOULT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

The authors describe a complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and discuss its type according to the presence or absence of nerve injury. A patient underwent thromboendarterectomy of the right popliteal artery. Subsequently, right lower limb reflex sympathetic dystrophy developed, which was confirmed by scintigraphy and responded well to calcitonin treatment. Typing according to the new classification of CRPS type I or II with possible nerve injury is discussed, and a short review of the literature is included.
Preliminary experience with synchronized coronary sinus retroperfusion in humans.
Authors: J M Gore, B H Weiner, J R Benotti, K M Sloan, O N Okike, H F Cuénoud, J M Gaca, J S Alpert, J E Dalen
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Synchronized coronary sinus retroperfusion (SCSR) with arterial blood has been extensively tested in animals. This intervention offers temporary support to areas of ischemic myocardium while a method of definitive revascularization is being sought. The feasibility and safety of this procedure for patients with unstable angina was therefore tested. A No. 7F autoinflatable retroperfusion balloon catheter (USCI) was inserted percutaneously into the coronary sinus of the study patients. Arterial blood was obtained through a No. 8F catheter placed in the femoral artery. Arterial blood was infused in a retrograde fashion into the coronary venous system during cardiac diastole by means of a piston-driven pump that was electrocardiographically synchronized with the drainage of the venous system during systole. This procedure was performed in five patients with unstable angina refractory to maximum medical therapy. SCSR significantly decreased the frequency of anginal episodes and the requirement for antianginal medications. SCSR also provided time for patient stabilization before diagnostic cardiac catheterization or therapeutic intervention. This preliminary experience suggests that synchronized coronary sinus retroperfusion is a feasible and safe procedure. It can be performed at the bedside with no apparent adverse effects to the patient. Retroperfusion also appears to be effective in relieving ischemic symptoms as assessed by clinical parameters. Based on our preliminary experience, further delineation of its clinical applications is warranted.
The Relationship of Bone and Blood Lead to Hypertension
Authors: Howard Hu
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To test the hypothesis that long-term lead accumulation, as reflected by levels of lead in bone (as opposed to blood, which reflects recent lead exposure), is associated with an increased odds of developing hypertension. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case-control study of participants in the Veterans Administration (now Department of Veterans Affairs) Normative Aging Study, a 30-year longitudinal study of men. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Of 1171 active subjects who were seen between August 1991 and December 1994, 590 (50%) participated in this investigation and had data on all variables of interest. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Hypertension was defined as taking daily medication for the treatment of hypertension or systolic blood pressure higher than 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of 96 mm Hg or higher during the time of examination. Levels of lead in the tibia (representing cortical bone) and the patella (representing trabecular bone) were measured in vivo with a K x-ray fluorescence (KXRF) instrument. Levels of lead in blood were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. <h3>Results.</h3> —Blood lead levels were low, ranging from less than 0.05 to 1.35 μmol/L (&lt;1 to 28 μg/dL), with a mean (SD) of 0.30 (0.20) μmol/L (6.3 [4.1] μg/dL). Bone lead levels were similar to those described in other general populations. In comparison to nonhypertensives, mean levels of lead in blood and both tibia and patella bone lead levels were significantly higher in hypertensive subjects. In a logistic regression model of hypertensive status that began with age, race, body mass index, family history of hypertension, history of ethanol ingestion, pack-years of smoking, dietary sodium intake, dietary calcium intake, blood lead, tibia lead, and patella lead, the variables that remained after backward elimination were body mass index, family history of hypertension, and level of lead in the tibia. An increase from the midpoint of the lowest quintile to the midpoint of the highest quintile of tibia lead from 8 to 37 μg per gram of bone mineral was associated with an increased odds ratio of hypertension of 1.5. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Our findings suggest that long-term lead accumulation, as reflected by levels of lead in bone, may be an independent risk factor for developing hypertension in men in the general population. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:1171-1176)