tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nongenomic signaling of the retinoid X receptor through binding and inhibiting Gq in human platelets
Authors: Leonardo A. Moraes, Karen E. Swales, Jessica A. Wray, Amilcar Damazo, Jonathan M. Gibbins, Timothy D. Warner, David Bishop-Bailey
Journal: Blood (2007)

Abstract Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are important transcriptional nuclear hormone receptors, acting as either homodimers or the binding partner for at least one fourth of all the known human nuclear receptors. Functional nongenomic effects of nuclear receptors are poorly understood; however, recently peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) \#947;, PPAR\#946;, and the glucocorticoid receptor have all been found active in human platelets. Human platelets express RXR\#945; and RXR\#946;. RXR ligands inhibit platelet aggregation and TXA2 release to ADP and the TXA2 receptors, but only weakly to collagen. ADP and TXA2 both signal via the G protein, Gq. RXR rapidly binds Gq but not Gi/z/o/t/gust in a ligand-dependent manner and inhibits Gq-induced Rac activation and intracellular calcium release. We propose that RXR ligands may have beneficial clinical actions through inhibition of platelet activation. Furthermore, our results demonstrate a novel nongenomic mode for nuclear receptor action and a functional cross-talk between G-protein and nuclear receptor signaling families.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Chorea
Authors: Roy J. Cammarata
Journal: JAMA (1963)

SYDENHAM'S CHOREA is usually encountered as a manifestation of rheumatic fever, although its appearance may antedate or follow other evidence of the disease by a considerable length of time.<sup>1</sup>Less often, chorea is noted with such conditions as lupus erythematosus and Henoch-Schonlein purpura or occurs in so-called pure form.<sup>2</sup>The present report is concerned with two cases in which chorea associated with systemic lupus erythematosus appears to have responded favorably to the administration of large doses of prednisone. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 15-yr-old white girl developed an upper respiratory infection; several days later she experienced a reaction after exposure to the sun which consisted of weakness, nausea, anorexia, and a splotchy red rash on her cheeks and upper anterior chest. She was admitted to the Sewickley Valley Hospital and was found to have hematuria, proteinuria, elevated BUN (63 mg%) and positive lupus erythematosus (LE) cell reaction.
Hunterian Lectures ON MAN'S POSTURE: ITS EVOLUTION AND DISORDERS: Given at the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Authors: A. Keith
Journal: BMJ (1923)

heart direase in early life is the result of acute rheumatic infection-for all practical purposes other causes may be left out.The danger of fresh infection or the recrudescence of latent infection persists as a real one all through adolescence.
Pulmonary haemodynamics in awake rats following treatment with endotracheal pancreatic elastase
Authors: S Sato, S Kato, Y Arisaka, H Takahashi, H Tomoike
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The purpose of this paper was to study pulmonary haemodynamics in an elastase-induced emphysema model in awake rats (Group-EL, n = 9) in comparison with saline-treated controls (Group-C, n = 12). Four weeks before haemodynamic study, porcine pancreatic elastase and normal saline were intratracheally instilled in Group-EL and Group-C, respectively. Indwelling pulmonary artery and abdominal aortic catheters were positioned two days before the haemodynamic study. Breathing room air, mean pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) tended to be higher in Group-EL than in Group-C, although the difference was not statistically significant. Systemic pressure, total systemic vascular resistance and cardiac index did not differ between groups. When exposed to 10% O2, Ppa and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) of both groups rose significantly. The increase of Ppa, (but not PVR) in Group-EL during hypoxia was significantly higher than that in Group-C. The magnitude of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) tended to be larger in Group-EL than in Group-C. Right ventricles of Group-EL were more hypertrophic than those of Group-C, suggesting a period of higher pulmonary artery pressure than for Group-C. The present results imply that the pressor response of pulmonary vasculature to acute alveolar hypoxia is possibly enhanced in awake rats upon examination four weeks after elastase treatment.
Merkel cells in human fetal eccrine glands
Authors: Y. NARISAWA, K. HASHIMOTO, H. KOHDA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The presence of human Merkel cells in the eccrine ridges and eccrine germs was studied, using antibodies to simple epithelial keratins, in separated epidermal sheets with attached eccrine ducts. The localization of Merkel cells could be analysed three‐dimensionally in the wet, whole‐mount of the stained sheets. In the plantar skin of a 12‐week‐old human fetus, immunoreactive (ir‐) Merkel cells were randomly located in the flattened epidermis. In the plantar skin of a 15‐week‐old human fetus, there was early development of eccrine germs, and Merkel cells were concentrated in eccrine gland ridges. In the plantar skin of a 20‐week‐old human fetus, eccrine germs were well formed and ir‐ Merkel cells were located within the developing eccrine ridges and ducts. In the plantar skin of adults, the eccrine concentration of Merkel cells was markedly reduced. Concentration of Merkel cells on the eccrine structures was also observed in the scalp skin of human fetuses. This tendency continued into adult life, although there was a marked reduction in the total number of Merkel cells. These findings suggest that epidermal Merkel cells move down into the eccrine ducts as eccrine germs extend into the mesenchyme. Alternatively, they may develop de novo from the keratinocytes of the eccrine duct. In view of the expression of nerve growth factor receptor in fetal Merkel cells, it is postulated that these eccrine gland Merkel cells play a role in the formation of the periglandular nerve plexus.
Coincidence of atopy profile in terms of monosensitization and polysensitization in children and their parents
Authors: H. Kang, J. Yu, Y. Yoo, D. K. Kim, Y. Y. Koh
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Results from epidemiologic studies have shown that childhood atopy is probably a hereditary disorder, because the offspring of affected parents have a higher risk of developing atopy. Among the atopic population, some subjects are sensitized to only one class of allergens (monosensitized), while other subjects are sensitized to more than one class of allergens (polysensitized). The aim of this study was to investigate whether atopy profile (monosensitization/polysensitization) in children is linked to the same conditions in their parents.We evaluated sensitization to five classes of aeroallergens (house dust mites, animal danders, pollens, molds, and cockroach) by skin prick testing in a group of 494 children with suspicious allergic symptoms and in their parents.The frequency of parental atopy was highest (51.6%) in polysensitized children (n = 189), intermediate (37.1%) in monosensitized children (n = 178), and was lowest (22.4%) in nonsensitized children (n = 127). The proportion of polysensitized subjects among atopic parents was significantly higher for polysensitized children (45.6%) than for monosensitized children (31.1%). Polysensitized children were found to more frequently have one or both parents polysensitized (32.3%, 7.4%) than monosensitized children (18.5%, 2.2%) with odds ratios of 2.09 (95% CI: 1.29-3.40) and 3.48 (1.12-10.78), respectively, whereas the likelihood of having one or two monosensitized parents was not increased for polysensitized children.Our data suggest a familial coincidence of atopy profile in terms of monosensitization and polysensitization, although the relative importance of genetic or environmental influence should be studied further.
Total Right Ventricular Exclusion Improves Left Ventricular Function in Patients With End-Stage Congestive Right Ventricular Failure
Authors: Masami Takagaki, Kozo Ishino, Masaaki Kawada, Shin-ichi Ohtsuki, Masanori Hirota, Takeo Tedoriya, Yasuharu Tanabe, Mikizo Nakai, Shunji Sano
Journal: Circulation (2003)

We developed a total right ventricular (RV) exclusion procedure for the treatment of isolated congestive RV failure. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effects of a complete removal of RV volume overload (RVVO) on the surgically created single left ventricle (LV).Three adults (2 arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia, 1 Ebstein) and 5 children (all Ebstein) in NYHA class IV underwent the procedure. The RV free wall was resected from the heart, and the tricuspid orifice was closed. Pulmonary blood supply was obtained by a cavopulmonary connection in 6 patients and a systemic-pulmonary shunt in 2. The LV function was evaluated by 2-dimensional echocardiography 1 month after the surgery. All patients are alive. The paradoxical movement of the interventricular septum and geometry of the LV expressed by its eccentricity (2.1 to 1.2, P<0.01) were normalized after the operation in all 8 patients. LV end-diastolic volumes (59% to 109% of normal value, P<0.01), indexed maximal left atrial area (6.5 to 10.5 cm2/m2, P<0.01), LV ejection fraction (27% to 62%, P<0.01), and cardiac index (2.1 to 3.3 L/min/m2, P<0.05) all significantly increased.Removal of the RVVO by means of the total RV exclusion procedure provides effective volume loading, restores a cylindrical shape, and improves contractile function of the LV, thus leading to increased systemic output.
Endoscopic Ligation Compared with Combined Treatment with Nadolol and Isosorbide Mononitrate to Prevent Recurrent Variceal Bleeding
Authors: Càndid Villanueva, Josep Miñana, Jordi Ortiz, Adolfo Gallego, German Soriano, Xavier Torras, Sergio Sáinz, Jaume Boadas, Xavier Cussó, Carlos Guarner, Joaquim Balanzó
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

After an episode of acute bleeding from esophageal varices, patients are at high risk for recurrent bleeding and death. We compared two treatments to prevent recurrent bleeding — endoscopic ligation and combined medical therapy with nadolol and isosorbide mononitrate.
III. BLOOD PLASMA CHOLESTEROL
Authors: William B. Hawkins, Angus Wright
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

Hypocholesteremia with dissociation of the normal ratio of esterified to total cholesterol is related to chronic liver injury caused by chloroform. Hypercholesteremia may develop after prolonged biliary obstruction. The hypercholesteremia of chronic biliary obstruction may be promptly reduced below normal by chloroform poisoning or bile duct infection. Acute injury of liver due to chloroform anesthesia may cause no change in blood plasma cholesterol. Absence of bile in the intestine with faulty fat absorption does not cause the development of hypocholesteremia with dissociation of the ester ratio. Poor food consumption or short periods of fasting may cause no change in blood plasma cholesterol. Liver cells injured by chloroform may subsequently become resistant to chloroform. After prolonged biliary obstruction, the liver is apparently more sensitive to small doses of chloroform by mouth. Analysis of blood plasma cholesterol may have a clinical application in differentiation between simple obstructive and parenchymatous lesions of the liver.
Chronic Lung Disease after Premature Birth
Authors: Eugenio Baraldi, Marco Filippone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia has become the most common chronic lung disease of infancy. This review summarizes the patterns and pathogenesis of chronic lung impairment that may become clinically significant decades after the use of mechanical ventilation and oxygen supplementation in premature newborns.
Trends in access to health services and financial protection in China between 2003 and 2011: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Qun Meng, Ling Xu, Yaoguang Zhang, Juncheng Qian, Min Cai, Ying Xin, Jun Gao, Ke Xu, J Ties Boerma, Sarah L Barber
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Sigmoidoscopy in general practice.
Authors: A. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Perceptual decision-making is increasingly being understood to involve an interaction between bottom-up sensory-driven signals and top-down choice-driven signals, but how these signals interact to mediate perception is not well understood. The parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) is an area with prominent vestibular responsiveness, and previous work has shown that inactivating PIVC impairs vestibular heading judgments. To investigate the nature of PIVC9s contribution to heading perception, we recorded extracellularly from PIVC neurons in two male rhesus macaques during a heading discrimination task, and compared findings with data from previous studies of dorsal medial superior temporal (MSTd) and ventral intraparietal (VIP) areas using identical stimuli. By computing partial correlations between neural responses, heading, and choice, we find that PIVC activity reflects a dynamically changing combination of sensory and choice signals. In addition, the sensory and choice signals are more balanced in PIVC, in contrast to the sensory dominance in MSTd and choice dominance in VIP. Interestingly, heading and choice signals in PIVC are negatively correlated during the middle portion of the stimulus epoch, reflecting a mismatch in the polarity of heading and choice signals. We anticipate that these results will help unravel the mechanisms of interaction between bottom-up sensory signals and top-down choice signals in perceptual decision-making, leading to more comprehensive models of self-motion perception. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Vestibular information is important for our perception of self-motion, and various cortical regions in primates show vestibular heading selectivity. Inactivation of the macaque vestibular cortex substantially impairs the precision of vestibular heading discrimination, more so than inactivation of other multisensory areas. Here, we record for the first time from the vestibular cortex while monkeys perform a forced-choice heading discrimination task, and we compare results with data collected previously from other multisensory cortical areas. We find that vestibular cortex activity reflects a dynamically changing combination of sensory and choice signals, with both similarities and notable differences with other multisensory areas.
Low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) reduces restenosis after iliac angioplasty in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit
Authors: Jesse W. Currier, Thomas K. Pow, Christian C. Haudenschild, Anne C. Minihan, David P. Faxon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)

Smooth muscle cell proliferation is central to the process of restenosis. Attempts to inhibit the events leading to this proliferation have met with little success. In addition to its known antithrombotic effects, heparin also has inhibitory effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation. These effects appear to be unrelated to its anticoagulant properties and are retained in low molecular weight heparin derivatives. Although the use of heparin for as long as 18 to 24 h after coronary angioplasty in humans has not prevented restenosis, longer treatment periods have not been assessed. This study examines the effect of treatment with a low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit iliac artery model. Control rabbits had a mean iliac artery diameter of 0.70 +/- 0.06 mm, which increased to 1.73 +/- 0.09 mm after balloon angioplasty. At follow-up angiography 4 weeks later, the mean vessel diameter was 0.56 +/- 0.12 mm. Animals treated with low dose enoxaparin (1 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks and high dose enoxaparin (10 mg/kg per day) for either 2 or 4 weeks had similar mean luminal diameters before and immediately after angioplasty. At follow-up angiography, the mean luminal diameter was 0.82 +/- 0.17 mm for low dose enoxaparin, 1.04 +/- 0.20 mm for 2 week high dose enoxaparin (p = 0.03 versus control) and 1.19 +/- 0.09 mm for 4 week high dose enoxaparin (p = 0.001 versus control). When defined as loss of 50% of the initial gain achieved with angioplasty, restenosis was found in all control vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Primary Herpes Simplex Infection Following Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation
Authors: Andrew A. Hendricks
Journal: JAMA (1980)

CARDIOPULMONARY resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique that has been widely taught to medical and allied health personnel. Standard references on CPR have emphasized patient benefits without discussing risks or necessary follow-up precautions for the person performing or receiving resuscitation. We report a case of a primary herpes simplex infection acquired by a physician from mouth-to-mouth resuscitation of a patient with herpes simplex pneumonia. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 27-year-old male physician performed mouth-to-mouth resuscitation on a 51-year-old debilitated woman in respiratory arrest. Herpes simplex subsequently grew from a culture of her sputum. At autopsy, discrete ulcers containing multinucleated giant cells were seen on her tongue, trachea, and esophagus. An organizing pneumonia was found in both lungs, and herpes simplex, type 1, was cultured from lung tissue. Three days after the resuscitation, the physician noted tender, submental, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Discrete, painful, papulovesicular lesions appeared over his beard area on
Nutrition and Policy. 4: Dietary Supplements
Authors: Aaron Levin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Currents20 July 1999Nutrition and Policy. 4: Dietary SupplementsAaron LevinAaron LevinSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-2-199907200-00101 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The roots of herbal medicine extend back at least as far as the Stone Age. The Ice Man, whose remains were found in the Alps in 1991, carried a bit of fungus that may have contained a medicinal oil. Scientists believe that this fungus was being used to kill a metazoan parasite that had colonized the man's gut.RegulationAlthough herbal medicine is hardly a new phenomenon, it has only come to the attention of lawmakers within the past decade. With the passage of the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act (DSHEA) in 1994, Congress developed a systematic regulatory plan ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Corresponding Author: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNew perspectives on folate transport in relation to alcoholism-induced folate malabsorption - association with epigenome stability and cancer developmentAn Overview of Information Resources for Herbal Medicinals and Dietary SupplementsFunctional foods 20 July 1999Volume 131, Issue 2Page: 161-164KeywordsCellsComplementary and alternative medicineDietDrugsFoodFood and Drug AdministrationNutritionPrevention, policy, and public healthSafety Issue Published: 20 July 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Quadrivalent HPV Vaccination and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis and Other Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Nikolai Madrid Scheller, Henrik Svanström, Björn Pasternak, Lisen Arnheim-Dahlström, Karin Sundström, Katharina Fink, Anders Hviid
Journal: JAMA (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Case reports have suggested a link between human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and development of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate if quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccination is associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Using nationwide registers we identified a cohort of all females aged 10 years to 44 years in Denmark and Sweden, followed up from 2006 to 2013, information on qHPV vaccination, and data on incident diagnoses of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. The primary analysis used a cohort design including vaccinated and unvaccinated study participants. A secondary analysis used a self-controlled case-series design including only cases. Both analyses used a 2-year risk period following vaccination. <h3>Exposures</h3> Information on qHPV vaccination was obtained through the national vaccination and prescription registers. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcomes were multiple sclerosis and a composite end point of other demyelinating diseases. Incidence rate ratios were estimated using Poisson regression, comparing rates of events in the 2-year risk periods following vaccination and in unvaccinated time periods. <h3>Results</h3> The study included 3 983 824 females, among whom 789 082 received a total of 1 927 581 qHPV vaccine doses. During follow-up, 4322 multiple sclerosis cases and 3300 cases of other demyelinating diseases were identified, of which 73 and 90, respectively, occurred within the risk period. In the cohort analysis, there was no increased risk of multiple sclerosis (crude incidence rates, 6.12 events/100 000 person-years [95% CI, 4.86-7.69] and 21.54 events/100 000 person-years [95% CI, 20.90-22.20] for the vaccinated and unvaccinated periods; adjusted rate ratio, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.70-1.15]) or other demyelinating diseases (crude incidence rates, 7.54 events/100 000 person-years [95% CI, 6.13-9.27] and 16.14 events/100 000 person-years [95% CI, 15.58-16.71]; adjusted rate ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.80-1.26]) associated with qHPV vaccination. Similarly, no increased risk was found using the self-controlled case-series design (multiple sclerosis: incidence ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.79-1.38]; other demyelinating diseases: incidence ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.88-1.47]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study with nationwide coverage of 2 Scandinavian countries, qHPV vaccination was not associated with the development of multiple sclerosis or other demyelinating diseases. These findings do not support concerns about a causal relationship between qHPV vaccination and demyelinating diseases.
IgG antibodies, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary function values in farmer's lung patients and matched controls
Authors: R. Erkinjuntti‐Pekkanen, J.I. Kokkarinen, H.O. Tukiainen, M. Reiman, E.O. Terho
Journal: Allergy (1999)

We measured IgG antibody levels against eight different microbes in farmer's lung (FL) patients an average of 14 years after the first diagnosed episode of FL and in matched controls. The study population consisted of 87 FL patients and 81 control farmers, matched by age, sex, and smoking habits. Clinical studies included the measurement of IgG antibody levels against Absidia corym‐bifera , Aspergillus umbrosus , A. fumigatus , Humicola grisea , Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula , Penicillium brevicompactum , Rhodotorula glutinis , and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris , in addition to spirometry, pulmonary diffusing capacity (DL CO ), and the evaluation of chronic bronchitis. Median IgG antibody levels were two or more times higher in FL patients than control farmers against Ab. corymbifera , S. rectivirgula , and T. vulgaris ( P &lt;0.001). Against A. fumigatus , H. grisea , and R. glutinis , FL patients also had significantly higher antibody levels. FL patients often had positive antibody titers against several microbes, whereas control farmers usually had a positive titer against one or two microbes. A positive association between IgG antibody levels and chronic bronchitis and DL CO was observed in FL patients, but not in control farmers. It is suggested that the high antibody levels noted in FL patients were due not only to high exposure but also to individual sensitivity to environmental microbes.