tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Etiology of Erysipelas
Authors: Konrad E. Birkhaug
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

ExcerptThe clinical history of erysipelas, when studied in combination with the pathological and bacteriological investigations expended on this disease, embraces almost every stage in the evolutionary progress of the art and science of medicine. Although the written history of this disease bridges the span of time from Hippocrates (about 430 B.C.) to the present moment, nevertheless, it is only sixty years ago that Vulpian (1868) accurately described the histopathological picture and that Nepveu (1870) suggested in positive terms the parasitical nature of erysipelas.In his "Epidemion" Book III, Hippocrates made the first written record of an epidemic of erysipelas, in...
Abstract 17344: Reproducibility of Transluminal Attenuation Gradient Measurement Using Semi-automated Coronary Computed Tomography Quantification Software
Authors: Suguru Matsumoto, Rine Nakanishi, Anas Alani, Michael A Fahmy, Jeby Abraham, Dong Li, Christpher Dailing, Ferdinand Flores, Pieter Kitslaar, Alexander Broersen, Matthew J Budoff
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG) provided by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a method to predict functionally significant coronary artery stenosis and previous studies demonstrated the feasibility of assessing TAG. However, limited research has been performed to evaluate the reproducibility of TAG measurement between readers. We investigated inter-observer variability of TAG using a semi-automated CT quantification software.   Method:  Forty six patients who underwent clinically indicated CCTA were evaluated. TAG values were measured using semi-automated CT quantitatification software (QAngio) and defined as the linear regression coefficient between luminal attenuation and length in coronary vessels. Two experienced observers independently measured each coronary artery. Inter-observer variability by different readers was examined for the TAG measurements.   Result:  Sixty four vessels (LAD: 30, LCX: 18, RCA: 16) were assessed. Vessels without stenosis, total occlusion, or stent were excluded. Among the first and second observers, there was no significant difference between overall TAG (-1.401±1.1 vs. -1.396±1.1 HU/mm, p=0.98). Furthermore, we divided the analysis into each of the 3 major coronary arteries, which also showed no significant difference (-1.413±0.9 vs. -1.408 ± 0.9 HU/mm , p=0.98 for LAD, -2.197±1.2 vs. -2.183±1.2 HU/mm, p=0.97 for LCX, -0.482±0.6 vs. -0.489±0.6 HU/mm, p=0.98 for RCA). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the TAG measurements were highly reproducible (r=0.99, p=0.82 for overall, r=0.99, p=0.86 for LAD, r=0.98, p=0.80 for LCX, r=0.97, p=0.87 for RCA).   Conclusion:  The present study shows excellent correlation of TAG values for both coronary vessels and for each major coronary artery vessels between two readers. The semi-automated CT quantification software provides a reproducible approach to assess TAG.
Correlation of Smoking-Associated DNA Methylation Changes in Buccal Cells With DNA Methylation Changes in Epithelial Cancer
Authors: Andrew E. Teschendorff, Zhen Yang, Andrew Wong, Christodoulos P. Pipinikas, Yinming Jiao, Allison Jones, Shahzia Anjum, Rebecca Hardy, Helga B. Salvesen, Christina Thirlwell, Samuel M. Janes, Diana Kuh, Martin Widschwendter
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

The utility of buccal cells as an epithelial source tissue for epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) remains to be demonstrated. Given the direct exposure of buccal cells to potent carcinogens such as smoke, epigenetic changes in these cells may provide insights into the development of smoke-related cancers.To perform an EWAS in buccal and blood cells to assess the relative effect of smoking on the DNA methylation (DNAme) patterns in these cell types and to test whether these DNAme changes are also seen in epithelial cancer.In 2013, we measured DNAme at more than 480,000 CpG sites in buccal samples provided in 1999 by 790 women (all aged 53 years in 1999) from the United Kingdom Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development. This included matched blood samples from 152 women. We constructed a DNAme-based smoking index and tested its sensitivity and specificity to discriminate normal from cancer tissue in more than 5000 samples.CpG sites whose DNAme level correlates with smoking pack-years, and construction of an associated sample-specific smoking index, which measures the mean deviation of DNAme at smoking-associated CpG sites from a normal reference.In a discovery set of 400 women, we identified 1501 smoking-associated CpG sites at a genome-wide significance level of P < 10-7, which were validated in an independent set of 390 women. This represented a 40-fold increase of differentially methylated sites in buccal cells compared with matched blood samples. Hypermethylated sites were enriched for bivalently marked genes and binding sites of transcription factors implicated in DNA repair and chromatin architecture (P < 10-10). A smoking index constructed from the DNAme changes in buccal cells was able to discriminate normal tissue from cancer tissue with a mean receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.99 (range, 0.99-1.00) for lung cancers and of 0.91 (range, 0.71-1.00) for 13 other organs. The corresponding area under the curve of a smoking signature derived from blood cells was lower than that derived from buccal cells in 14 of 15 cancer types (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = .001).These data point toward buccal cells as being a more appropriate source of tissue than blood to conduct EWASs for smoking-related epithelial cancers.
Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment
Authors: Linda Cocchiarella, Gunnar Andersson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This is a standard in quality evaluations, and is the approved uniform way to evaluate, measure and report impairment. The material in the fifth edition is scientifically and consensus based, and is prepared by society experts. All body systems are covered with significant improvements in major chapters including cardiology, respiratory, muscular-skeletal, and skin. Also covers new conditions including HIV and latex allergy. Mandated or recommended in over 40 states of the US, and in Canada and Australia.
Abstract 2666: Monoclonal antibodies specific for the oncofetal antigen - immature laminin receptor: Tumor selectivity, rapid internalization and in vivo efficacy
Authors: Shannon D. McClintock, Michael K. Dame, Muhammad N. Aslam, Saqib Ali, Randall N. Knibbs, Roscoe L. Warner, James Varani
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract A series of murine monoclonal antibodies were generated using recombinant oncofetal antigen - immature laminin receptor protein (OFA/iLRP) as the immunogen. Several of the antibodies detected the 37kD OFA/iLRP but did not recognize the structurally related 67kD mature laminin receptor protein (LRP), as determined by western blot analysis. Additional antibodies demonstrated reactivity with both proteins. Those antibodies specific for the 37kD moiety bound to recombinant OFA/iLRP with high affinity (Kaff = 1-2 x 10-10M; Biacore technology). These antibodies also reacted with native OFA/iLRP on the surface of human tumor cells with high affinity (Kaff = 1-2 x 10-9M) but did not show significant reactivity with normal human epithelial cells or fibroblasts. In contrast, antibodies that interacted with both 37kD OFA/iLRP and 67kD mature LRP were reactive with both tumor cells and normal cells. Antibodies specific to OFA/iLRP were internalized upon binding to the target protein on human tumor cells. Two monoclonal antibodies from this group were tested for anti-tumor activity in a murine model of B-cell leukemia. BALB/c mice were injected with A20 leukemia cells either intramuscularly or intravenously. Mice were given a total of six intraperitoneal 100µg antibody injections over a two-week period following tumor initiation. Both antibodies slowed growth of the intramuscular primary tumor by approximately 45%. More importantly, in the intravenous tumor model, the treatments reduced systemic blood tumor levels by greater than 70% and suppressed liver tumor formation by up to 46%. These high affinity tumor-selective antibodies potentially provide a front-line or adjuvant therapy for hematological malignancies. Citation Format: Shannon D. McClintock, Michael K. Dame, Muhammad N. Aslam, Saqib Ali, Randall N. Knibbs, Roscoe L. Warner, James Varani. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the oncofetal antigen - immature laminin receptor: Tumor selectivity, rapid internalization and in vivo efficacy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2666. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2666
Comparing school environments with and without legislation for the prevention and management of anaphylaxis
Authors: L. Cicutto, B. Julien, N. Y. Li, N. U. Nguyen‐Luu, J. Butler, A. Clarke, S. J. Elliott, L. Harada, S. McGhan, D. Stark, T. K. Vander Leek, S. Waserman
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: Cicutto L, Julien B, Li NY, Nguyen‐Luu NU, Butler J, Clarke A, Elliott SJ, Harada L, McGhan S, Stark D, Vander Leek TK, Waserman S. Comparing school environments with and without legislation for the prevention and management of anaphylaxis. Allergy 2012; 67 : 131–137. Abstract Background: School personnel in contact with students with life‐threatening allergies often lack necessary supports, creating a potentially dangerous situation. Sabrina’s Law, the first legislation in the world designed to protect such children, requires all Ontario public schools to have a plan to protect children at risk. Although it has captured international attention, the differences a legislative approach makes have not been identified. Our study compared the approaches to anaphylaxis prevention and management in schools with and without legislation. Methods: Legislated (Ontario) and nonlegislated (Alberta, British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Quebec) environments were compared. School board anaphylaxis policies were assessed for consistency with Canadian anaphylaxis guidelines. Parents of at‐risk children and school personnel were surveyed to determine their perspectives on school practices. School personnel’s EpiPen5 technique was assessed. Results: Consistency of school board policies with anaphylaxis guidelines was significantly better in a legislated environment ( P = 0.009). Parents in a legislated environment reported more comprehensive anaphylaxis emergency forms ( P &lt; 0.001), while school personnel in nonlegislated environments reported more comprehensive forms ( P = 0.004). Despite school personnel in both environments receiving EpiPen5 training (&gt;80%), suboptimal technique was commonly observed. However, school personnel in the legislated environment had better technique ( P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that school boards in legislated environments have made greater efforts to support students at risk for anaphylaxis compared to nonlegislated environments. However, significant gaps exist in both environments, especially with respect to EpiPen5 administration, content, and distribution of anaphylaxis emergency forms, and awareness of school procedures by school personnel and parents.
Quantitative Aspects of Isolation of Nucleoli of the Walker Carcinosarcoma and Liver of the Rat
Authors: Masami Muramatsu, Karel Smetana, Harris Busch
Journal: Cancer Research (1963)

Summary  A method is described for isolation of nucleoli of the Walker tumor and liver in which nuclei were sonicated in a Model DF-101 Raytheon Sonic Oscillator in which the temperature was maintained at 2° C. The medium used for the initial homogenization of the tissue was 0.25 m sucrose containing 0.0033 m CaCl2. This concentration of calcium ion was found to be optimal for the successful release of nucleoli with maximal destruction of nuclei. The volume was maintained at 20 ml., and the time required for destruction of more than 99.8 per cent of the nuclei was 25–40 seconds. The amperage of the output current was 1.0–1.1. Selective centrifugation of the nucleoli of the sonicate was accomplished by initial centrifugation at 2500 × g for 5 minutes followed by rehomogenization of the pellet in 0.88 m sucrose and sedimentation of the nucleoli at 800 × g (1000 × g for the liver) for 15 minutes. A repetition of the last step produced a preparation of nucleoli which was 95–99 per cent pure by direct particle count. For further purification, this preparation was treated either with DNase I or with 2 m NaCl. The content of the nucleic acids and protein in these preparations was determined. Tumor nucleoli purified with DNase contained an average of 1.8 pg. of RNA and 16.1 pg. of protein per nucleolus. Liver nucleoli contained one-sixth the amount of RNA and protein of nucleoli of the Walker tumor. These preparations contained very little DNA. RNA comprised about 10 per cent of the dry weight of nucleoli of both liver and Walker tumor.
Dehydrogenase Studies of Tissue from Normal and Tumor-bearing Mice I. Total Dehydrogenase Activity
Authors: M. Agatha Riehl, M. Petra Lenta
Journal: Cancer Research (1949)

Studies of the comparative activities of lactic and malic dehydrogenases of the liver, kidney, brain, muscle, and spleen of various strains of mice revealed these enzyme activities to be independent of the strain, sex, and age of the animal. The presence of a transplanted tumor did not influence the activity of these enzymes in any of the organs analyzed. The values for lactic and malic dehydrogenases of a transplanted adenocarcinoma and sarcoma were lower than those of any non-neoplastic tissue studied, with the exception of the malic dehydrogenase of spleen from both normal and tumor-bearing mice. The malic dehydrogenase activity of the spleen corresponded closely to that of the same enzyme in both the dbrB adenocarcinoma and sarcoma 180. With lactate as substrate, enzyme preparations from the spleen of both normal and tumor-bearing mice failed to decolorize methylene blue completely in most cases. This can probably be attributed to the low concentration of lactic dehydrogenase in that organ.
Abstract 13600: The Effect of Statins on Aortic Root Dimensions in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: Madelien V Regeer, Philippe J van Rosendael, Vasileios Kamperidis, Jeroen J Bax, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Victoria Delgado
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: In bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease, the growth rate of the aortic root is higher compared to tricuspid aortic valves. Statins decrease the growth rate of abdominal aneurysms; however their effect on the growth rate of the aortic root has not been elucidated. The present study evaluated the effect of statins on the increase in aortic root dimensions in BAV patients. Methods: A total of 178 patients (42 ± 15 years, 69% male) with BAV who underwent ≥ 2 echocardiographic measurements of the aortic root ≥ 1 year apart were included in the present retrospective evaluation. Patients with connective tissue disease, aortic coarctation, subvalvular membrane or ascending aorta diameter of ≥ 45 mm at baseline were excluded. Median follow up duration was 4.6 years (interquartile range: 2.5-7.9 years). Growth rate (mm/year) was determined by instrumental variables estimation using linear regression analysis. Results: Patients treated with statins (n=36) were significantly older and had more cardiovasc...
Abstract 1864: Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography: A Novel Imaging Modality That Predicts Acute Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.
Authors: Nina Ajmone Marsan, Gabe B Bleeker, Nico R Van de Veire, Claudia Ypenburg, Eduard R Holman, Ernst E van der Wall, Martin J Schalij, Jeroen J Bax
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objective. To evaluate the value of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) to quantify left ventricular (LV) mechanical dyssynchorny and to predict acute echocardiographic response to car...
CXCL10 produced by DC1 plays a pivotal role in inducing long-lasting type-1 CTLs that mediate an effective anti-brain tumor immune response
Authors: Mitsugu Fujita, Xinmei Zhu, Kotaro Sasaki, Ryo Ueda, Gary Koharbash, Edward Kastenhuber, Pawel Kalinski, Hideho Okada
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

261 

We have previously demonstrated that type-1 CTLs efficiently traffic to the central nervous system (CNS) tumor site, and mediate anti-tumor responses in a CXCL10-dependent manner. We have developed a novel protocol to generate mouse bone marrow (BM)-derived DCs capable of inducing type-1 CTLs, which express a type-1 chemokine receptor CXCR3 and IFN-γ at high levels. C57BL/6 mouse-derived BM cells were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF for 6 days, and then further matured with IL-4, IFN-γ and a TLR3 ligand, poly-ICLC for 24 hours. These DCs (DC1) exhibited phenotype of mature DCs, and produced high levels of IL-12p70, IL-15, and CXCL10. C57BL/6 mice received subcutaneous immunizations with DC1 loaded with synthetic peptides encoding mouse GL261 glioma-derived CTL epitopes. These mice mounted higher levels of antigen-specific type-1 CTLs compared to mice immunized with standard DCs. Furthermore, DC1 treatment of mice bearing CNS GL261 glioma resulted in prolonged survival, associated with enhanced tumor-infiltration and systemic persistence of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Systemic administration of anti-CXCL10 mAb abrogated induction of CTLs as well as the therapeutic response in glioma-bearing mice. Taken together, these findings point to significant roles of a type-1 chemokine CXCL10 in DC1-based cancer immunotherapy.
Abstract 14799: Home Blood Pressure Range and 24-hr Ambulatory Blood Pressure Control: The Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure (J-HOP) Study-ABPM Substudy
Authors: Mizuri Taki, Satoshi Hoshide, Kazuo Eguchi, Yuichiro Yano, Kazuomi Kario
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Measures of home and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (HBPM and ABPM) are crucial to evaluate BP control status in hypertensive patients. HBPM is widely used in clinical practice, but ABPM is used less frequently. Few studies have examined the threshold of home BP, suggesting well controlled BP in 24-hour BP, daytime BP, and nighttime BP . Methods: We analyzed data from the Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure (J-HOP) Study, which included 1,439 patients with at least one cardiovascular risk factor (mean age 64.6 years, 47.8% men, 82.3% used antihypertensive medications). Both HBPM (three measures each in the morning and evening over 14 days, using the same semiautomatic HBP device with data memory and 24-hr ABPM were performed in all patients). Results: Of 355 patients with home systolic BP (HSBP) &lt;125mmHg, 78.9%, 76.9%, and 81.4% were classified as having well-controlled 24-hr SBP (&lt;130mmHg), daytime SBP (&lt;135mmHg), and nighttime SBP (&lt;120mmHg), respectively). In contrast, of 656 subjects with HSBP ≥135 mmHg, 67.5% were classified as having uncontrolled 24-hr SBP (≥130mm Hg). Of 428 patients with HSBP between 125mmHg and 134mmHg, only 54.9% were classified as having well-controlled 24-hr SBP. Conclusions: Among patients with high cardiovascular risk, nearly 80% of those with home systolic BP &lt;125mmHg were well-controlled for 24-hr SBP including nighttime systolic BP, whereas nearly 70% of those with &gt;135mmHg were uncontrolled for 24-hr systolic BP. The patients with HBP at 125-134mmHg require ABPM for the evaluation of their 24-hr BP control status.
Erkrankungen im Kindesalter
Authors: Knut Helmke, M. Al-Shahed
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Die thorakale Bildgebung muss im Kindesalter darauf bedacht sein, durch strenge Indikationsstellung die Strahlenapplikation zu reduzieren. Für die unterschiedlichen Altersbereiche sind entsprechende Dosis-Richtwerte und allgemeine Gerätedetails vorgegeben.
Granzyme B-expressing peripheral T-cell lymphomas: neoplastic equivalents of activated cytotoxic T cells with preference for mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue localization
Authors: PC de Bruin, JA Kummer, P van der Valk, P van Heerde, PM Kluin, R Willemze, GJ Ossenkoppele, T Radaszkiewicz, CJ Meijer
Journal: Blood (1994)
Many multipotential gene-marked progenitor or stem cell clones contribute to hematopoiesis in nonhuman primates
Authors: Hyeoung Joon Kim, John F. Tisdale, Tong Wu, Masaaki Takatoku, Stephanie E. Sellers, Philipp Zickler, Mark E. Metzger, Brian A. Agricola, James D. Malley, Ikunoshin Kato, Robert E. Donahue, Kevin E. Brown, Cynthia E. Dunbar
Journal: Blood (2000)
Antivaccination Web SitesAntivaccination Web Sites
Authors: David M. Abbey
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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EU working time directive
Authors: A. R Berry
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—In its statement that the European working time directive should be implemented for doctors in training without simultaneously increasing numbers of doctors,1 the Department of Health is revealing a tacit acceptance of lower standards of care for patients. Its recommended alternatives to increasing medical staffing serve only to make the reduction in hours affordable.

Over the past 10 years, since the first initiative to reduce junior doctors' hours of duty, medical cover on wards has been progressively reduced and the standards of care provided have consequently declined, particularly postoperatively. Consequently problems are detected late, sometimes when corrective action is no longer possible.

The merit of reducing further the hours of work is for debate elsewhere, but if it is believed to be necessary it is folly to suggest that it can be done without replacing the doctors taken from the wards with others of equal standing. A football team playing with only 10 men is not the same effective unit as the full side. It may make do, by extra effort, for a short while, but it will not be able to sustain performance throughout the season.

The statement of the chairperson of the junior doctors' negotiating committee, that hospital mergers may be inevitable to produce the critical mass of doctors required to ensure patient safety, suggests humble expectations. We should surely be offering more to hospital patients than basic safety.
Red Cell Distribution Width as a Novel Prognostic Marker in Heart Failure
Authors: G. Michael Felker, Larry A. Allen, Stuart J. Pocock, Linda K. Shaw, John J.V. McMurray, Marc A. Pfeffer, Karl Swedberg, Duolao Wang, Salim Yusuf, Eric L. Michelson, Christopher B. Granger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)