tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increasing Annual Incidence of Primary Malignant Brain Tumors in the Elderly
Authors: Nigel H. Grieg, Lynn G. Ries, Rosemary Yancik, Staley I. Rapoport
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Increasing Annual Incidence of Primary Malignant Brain Tumors in the Elderly Get access Nigel H. Grieg, Nigel H. Grieg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lynn G. Ries, Lynn G. Ries Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rosemary Yancik, Rosemary Yancik Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Staley I. Rapoport Staley I. Rapoport Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 20, 17 October 1990, Pages 1621–1624, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.20.1621 Published: 17 October 1990 Article history Received: 04 December 1989 Revision received: 25 July 1990 Accepted: 01 August 1990 Published: 17 October 1990
STUDIES OF THE CELLS IN THE AFFERENT AND EFFERENT LYMPH OF LYMPH NODES DRAINING THE SITE OF SKIN HOMOGRAFTS
Authors: J. G. Hall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Intermediate lymph (efferent from the prefemoral lymph node) was collected for 600 hr from both flanks of each of four sheep that had an autograft of skin on the left flank and a homograft of skin on the right flank. 8 days after the grafts had been applied considerable numbers of large basophilic cells, apparently identical with those that appear during immune responses to conventional antigens, appeared in the lymph draining from the homografts. No such cells appeared in the lymph draining from the autografts. At this time the homografts were already showing signs of rejection and were apparently dead well before the cellular response in the lymph reached a peak, about 350 hr (14-15 days) after the homografts had been applied. During the peak of the response up to 40% of the cells in the lymph were basophilic cells and in one experiment such cells were leaving the lymph node at a rate of 200 million per hr. Peripheral lymph (afferent to the popliteal lymph node) draining from the sites of homografts of skin was collected from five sheep. This lymph contained few white cells (<1000 per mm(3)) and showed only an insignificant lymphoid cell reaction. Although the percentage of macrophage-like cells was increased significantly there were few signs of a lymphoid cell reaction; the lymph also contained much amorphous debris. Experiments in which the basophilic cells from the efferent lymph were labeled in vitro with thymidine-(3)H and returned to the sheep by intravenous injections were carried out in six sheep. The presence of the labeled cells in the grafts, blood, and other tissue was detected by liquid scintillation counting of nucleic acid extracts of biopsy and postmortem material and by radioautography. 2-3 labeled cells out of every 1000 injected entered the homografts but hardly any entered the autografts. However, labeled basophilic cells that had originated in response to bacterial antigens entered the homografts with equal facility. It is thus hard to believe that the immunological specificity of a lymphoid cell endows it with a specific "homing" capability. Furthermore, in all the experiments the specific radioactivities of the nucleic acids extracted from the blood mononuclear cells were approximately of the same order as those of the nucleic acids extracted from the homografts. It was concluded that most of the mononuclear cells that infiltrate homografts represent a random selection from the mononuclear cell population of the blood.
AN IMPROVEMENT ON THE BANGS SOUND SYRINGE
Authors: Max Hühner
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The Bangs sound syringe is practically a combination of sound and syringe. It consists of a series of sounds through the center of which is bored a small tunnel, just large enough to hold about 20 minims. The end is so constructed that the universal syringe can be applied to any of the sounds. The instrument would be ideal were it not for the fact that the syringe has the old fashioned leather packing, which must be renewed every few months. To avoid this, I have devised an adapter which fits into any of the sounds, but the other end of which is so shaped as to fit into any size Lüer all glass syringe. With this adapter it is possible to use the Bangs sound with a Lüer syringe. It would be well if in future the end of the sounds would be shaped like the adapter here presented,
Abstract LB-37: A patient-derived <i>in vitro</i> model of colorectal cancer: a perfusion culture system that recapitulates patient tumor composition and structure in 3-dimensions
Authors: William P. Pfund, Paul A. Neeb
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cancer medicine would benefit greatly from a practical technology that accurately predicts the sensitivity of individual patient tumors to drugs. Previously developed in vitro chemosensitivity models have generally failed to do this because they do not incorporate key aspects of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which clearly plays a role in drug resistance. There has been significant interest in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) chemosensitivity testing as an alternative to in vitro models, but the applicability of this approach is limited by engraftment percentages and growth rates. We have developed an in vitro technology that is designed to recapitulate the 3D tissue architecture of patient-derived colorectal tumors including accessory (endothelial and immune) cells, starting with freshly excised tumor specimens. The system incorporates: 1) low-sheer, tangential flow of nutrient medium above and below an open, synthetic 3D cell scaffold; and 2) exchange of metabolic gasses via permeable membranes which separate the culture chamber core from gassing chambers located above and below the nutrient flow compartments. This design allows establishment of gas and nutrient gradients across the cell scaffold that closely mimic conditions in vivo. Aliquots of mechanically and enzymatically dissociated, freshly excised, primary human colorectal adenocarcinomas were introduced into the 3D culture system and maintained for up to 3 weeks. Routine maintenance of the cultures involved partial medium exchanges as needed based on glucose concentrations in the circulating medium. The proportions and arrangement of key cell types (e.g., normal muscularis, tumor epithelium, stromal fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells) in the cultured explants were compared to those of the original tumor by standard histological techniques. Results revealed good agreement between the histology of the original tumor and that of the in vitro model. These results suggest that this model technology could be applied to individual patient drug selection as well as studies of colorectal cancer biology that are not feasible or practical in vivo. Citation Format: William P. Pfund, Paul A. Neeb. A patient-derived in vitro model of colorectal cancer: a perfusion culture system that recapitulates patient tumor composition and structure in 3-dimensions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-37. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-37
Heart disease is costliest condition to treat
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Heart disease has come top of a league table of costs of treatment for the 15 most expensive conditions in the United States.

A new study that analysed annual healthcare costs in the United States has found that heart disease, cancer, and trauma are the three biggest conditions in terms of cost. The combined costs of these three groups alone were almost $150bn (£95bn; ‡140bn) in 1997, the year …
Vasodilator Therapy of Heart Failure
Authors: Eugene Braunwald, Wilson S. Colucci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

IN 1977 Miller et al. reported in the Journal that a single oral dose of prazosin could improve the altered hemodynamics of heart failure.1 Among the desirable characteristics of this alpha-1-adrenergic blocking agent are its actions on both the arteriolar and venous beds and its lack of serious adverse effects. In an accompanying editorial, a classification of the vasodilators that were available into those that act primarily on the arteriolar bed (afterload-reducing agents), on the venous bed (preload-reducing agents), and on both the arteriolar and venous beds (balanced vasodilators) was offered, and it was suggested that "vasodilator therapy is emerging . . .
Diet and Physical Activity for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Policy Review
Authors: Carl Lachat, Stephen Otchere, Dominique Roberfroid, Abubakari Abdulai, Florencia Maria Aguirre Seret, Jelena Milesevic, Godfrey Xuereb, Vanessa Candeias, Patrick Kolsteren
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Carl Lachat and colleagues evaluate policies in low- and middle-income countries addressing salt and fat consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity, key risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract (3rd ed)
Authors: I. Foracs
Journal: Gut (1995)

Chapters from 27 onward deal with the nutritional treatment of disease of liver, kid- ney, lungs, bowel, and of patients with HIV infection, cancer, and the elderly.Most authors have accepted a challenge to give 'future perspectives' in their field, and common themes recurr.New substrates and drugs will be developed, the efficacy of nutri- tional support will be better tested by randomised controlled trials, and their colleagues will come to see the value of well trained multidisciplinary nutrition support teams.This is a very informative book, written by leading practitioners of the art, but I fear that clinicians who need it will outnumber clinicians who want it.
Comparison of Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid and Technetium-99m Albumin Colloid Labeled Solid Meals for Gastric Emptying Studies
Authors: RAYMOND TAILLEFER, JEAN-MAURICE DOUESNARD, GILLES BEAUCHAMP, JEAN GUIMOND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A Tc-99m albumin colloid (Tc-AC) kit has been introduced as an alternative to Tc-99m sulfur colloid (Tc-SC) for liver-spleen imaging. Since there is no need for boiling, the use of Tc-AC reduces preparation time and manipulation. Tc-SC is one of the most commonly used radiopharmaceuticals for the labeling of solid-phase markers in gastric emptying studies. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the labeling efficiency and stability in hydrochloric acid and in human gastric juice of intracellularly labeled chicken liver and scrambled eggs labeled with Tc-SC and Tc-AC. Gastric emptying studies also were performed on 20 healthy volunteers with both Tc-SC and Tc-AC labeled scrambled egg sandwiches. There was no significant difference between Tc-SC and Tc-AC in the labeling efficiency of chicken liver (98% ± 1% for Tc-SC, 96% ± 2% for Tc-AC) and scrambled eggs (92% ± 2% for Tc-SC, 91% ± 3% for Tc-AC). However, both Tc-SC and Tc-AC labeled scrambled eggs showed a lower stability than chicken liver, particularly in human gastric juice. Gastric emptying curves from both meals in 20 normal subjects were also similar, with a mean half-emptying time of 85 ± 13 minutes and 87 ± 16 minutes for the meals containing Tc- SC and Tc-AC respectively. Tc-AC is a reliable alternative to Tc-SC as a radiotracer for solid-phase gastric emptying studies.
Estimated Life Expectancy in a Scottish Cohort With Type 1 Diabetes, 2008-2010
Authors: Shona J. Livingstone, Daniel Levin, Helen C. Looker, Robert S. Lindsay, Sarah H. Wild, Nicola Joss, Graham Leese, Peter Leslie, Rory J. McCrimmon, Wendy Metcalfe, John A. McKnight, Andrew D. Morris, Donald W. M. Pearson, John R. Petrie, Sam Philip, Naveed A. Sattar, Jamie P. Traynor, Helen M. Colhoun
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Type 1 diabetes has historically been associated with a significant reduction in life expectancy. Major advances in treatment of type 1 diabetes have occurred in the past 3 decades. Contemporary estimates of the effect of type 1 diabetes on life expectancy are needed.
A Guide to Physical Examination
Authors: Harriet S. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Ideally, students learning physical diagnosis have a thorough knowledge of clinical pathophysiology; in reality, they may have just begun their pathology courses and probably have little or no clinical experience. Ideally, physical diagnosis instructors are excellent teachers and have a ready supply of agreeable patients with classic physical findings; in reality, students have turned to Bates' A<i>Guide to Physical Examination</i>to prepare for their first encounters with patients. The second edition of "Bates" has been released, and it retains the features that made the first such an excellent self-teaching text. Each of the 17 chapters devoted to a body system is divided into three sections: Anatomy and Physiology, Techniques of Examination, and Tables of Related Abnormalities. The teaching really occurs in the middle section, where, in marginal columns printed in red, "examples of abnormalities" accompany the text, describing the relevant part of the physical examination. Thus, next to the
EVALUATION OF ILEOPROCTOSTOMY TO AVOID ILEOSTOMY IN VARIOUS COLON LESIONS
Authors: R. Russell Best
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Ileostomy is always recommended to a patient with more reluctance than a colostomy. The tendency for a more or less liquid discharge upon the abdominal wall with the accompanying skin irritation and a more cumbersome apparatus to contain the discharges are much more annoying to the patient. The problem of fluid and electrolyte balances, nutrition, and the interpretation of the ileostomy activity and abdominal discomforts during the early weeks after operation cause more apprehension on the part of the attending physician and surgeon. All of these problems for both the patient and the surgeon are usually finally surmounted except for the fecal discharge and the apparatus upon the abdominal wall, both of which continue to be distasteful to the patient. Nevertheless, most patients finally accept their condition philosophically and are able to carry on most of their usual activities, although with some handicaps. No physician of experience should ever be
SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIVE INVESTIGATION OF DISEASE....
Authors: Henry B. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Re: Rana R. McKay, Xun Lin, Julia J. Perkins, Daniel Y.C. Heng, Ronit Simantov, Toni K. Choueiri. Prognostic Significance of Bone Metastases and Bisphosphonate Therapy in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2014;66:502–9
Authors: Benoit Beuselinck, Pascal Wolter, Reuben Broom
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Potential mechanisms for the association between fall birth and food allergy
Authors: C. A. Keet, E. C. Matsui, J. H. Savage, D. L. Neuman‐Sunshine, J. Skripak, R. D. Peng, R. A. Wood
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Season of birth has been reported as a risk factor for food allergy, but the mechanisms by which it acts are unknown. Methods Two populations were studied: 5862 children from the N ational H ealth and N utrition E xamination S urvey ( NHANES ) III and 1514 well‐characterized food allergic children from the J ohns H opkins P ediatric A llergy C linic ( JHPAC ). Food allergy was defined as self‐report of an acute reaction to a food ( NHANES ), or as milk, egg, and peanut allergy. Logistic regression compared fall or nonfall birth between (i) food allergic and nonallergic subjects in NHANES , adjusted for ethnicity, age, income, and sex, and (ii) JHPAC subjects and the general M aryland population. For NHANES , stratification by ethnicity and for JHPAC , eczema were examined. Results Fall birth was more common among food allergic subjects in both NHANES ( OR , 1.91; 95% CI , 1.31–2.77) and JHPAC / M aryland ( OR , 1.31; 95% CI , 1.18–1.47). Ethnicity interacted with season ( OR , 2.34; 95% CI , 1.43–3.82 for C aucasians; OR , 1.19; 95% CI , 0.77–1.86 for non‐ C aucasians; P = 0.04 for interaction), as did eczema ( OR , 1.47; 95% CI , 1.29–1.67 with eczema; OR , 1.00; 95% CI , 0.80–1.23 without eczema; P = 0.002 for interaction). Conclusions Fall birth is associated with increased risk of food allergy, and this risk is greatest among those most likely to have seasonal variation in vitamin D during infancy ( C aucasians) and those at risk for skin barrier dysfunction (subjects with a history of eczema), suggesting that vitamin D and the skin barrier may be implicated in seasonal associations with food allergy.
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH QUINACRINE
Authors: Harold N. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The article by Page 1 on the treatment of 18 patients with lupus erythematosus with quinacrine hydrochloride (Atabrine) has initiated widespread interest in the United States regarding this subject. As early as 1940, Prokoptchouk 2 reported the use of quinacrine (Acrichin) in 35 patients with lupus erythematosus and was impressed with its effectiveness. Popoff and Kutinscheff 3 observed remission of lupus erythematosus in six patients treated with quinacrine in 1941. Krynski 4 treated six patients during the period 1940-1945. Pseudoicterus developed in one patient, and another showed a temporary psychic disturbance. He concluded that the method was effective but that the high incidence of side-reactions probably made its more general usage unwarranted. It has since been shown that the American product Atabrine (quinacrine hydrochloride, U. S. P.) probably is less toxic and produces fewer side-effects than Acrichin the Russian product or its German analogue Atabrin. 5 Bispham, 6 in a
Simultaneous infection with two types of intestinal microsporidia in a patient with AIDS.
Authors: C Blanshard, W S Hollister, C S Peacock, D G Tovey, D S Ellis, E U Canning, B G Gazzard
Journal: Gut (1992)

We report the first case of a non-Enterocytozoon bieneusi microsporidial infection in the small intestine of a European AIDS patient with diarrhoea. It is also the first case in which a double infection with two different types of microsporidia has been encountered.
Ethnic differences in birth statistics from central Birmingham.
Authors: R. Griffiths, M. White, M. Stonehouse
Journal: BMJ (1989)

anaesthetic gases had entered the stomach and caused this accident.Experiments have shown, however, that halothane of less than 7% concentration in 70% nitrous oxide with 30% oxygen cannot be ignited by a power source of 80-120 J, which is much greater than that used in surgical diathermy (10 J).' The presence of other gases, such as hydrogen and methane, would make an explosion possible.We postulate that fermentation can occur in an obstructed stomach and produce explosive mixtures.We report this case to make surgeons aware that explosive gases may accumulate in the stomach when the gastric outlet is obstructed.Before operation we were unaware of the extent of the obstruction in this patient.We recommend that an obstructed stomach be completely emptied through a wide bore nasogastric tube either before or during surgery before cutting diathermy is used for gastrotomy.Alternatively, cutting diathermy could be avoided when the gastric outlet is obstructed.
Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Using Normalization of Blood 3-Hydroxybutyrate Concentration as the Endpoint of Emergency Management: A randomized controlled study
Authors: M Ivan Wiggam, Maurice J O'Kane, Roy Harper, A Brew Atkinson, David R Hadden, Elisabeth R Trimble, Patrick M Bell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of an extended insulin regimen using correction of hyperketonemia as endpoint with a more conventional regimen in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 22 patients admitted to a Belfast teaching hospital with clinical and biochemical features of diabetic ketoacidosis (pH &amp;lt; 7.25 and/or bicarbonate &amp;lt; 16 mmol/l) were randomized to either conventional or extended insulin regimens. In the conventional regimen, insulin was administered at 5 U/h until near-normoglycemia (blood glucose ≤ 10 mmol/l) and then administered at a reduced rate until clinical recovery. In the extended regimen, administration of insulin at 5 U/h was continued beyond attainment of normoglycemia, until resolution of hyperketonemia (3-hydroxybutyrate &amp;lt; 0.5 mmol/l). Main outcome measures were 3-hydroxybutyrate and bicarbonate levels during the 24 h after attainment of near-normoglycemia. RESULTS After near-normoglycemia, correction of hyperketonemia was achieved earlier with the extended treatment (5.9 ± 0.8 vs. 21.8 ± 3.4 h, P = 0.0004 [mean ± SD]). The area under the curve of 3-hydroxybutyrate against time for 24 h after near-normoglycemia was reduced with the extended treatment (24.9 ± 3.8 vs. 55.9 ± 6.7 mmol·l−1·h−1 P = 0.001). These differences remained statistically significant after adjustment for higher baseline levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate at near-normoglycemia in the extended treatment group. Bicarbonate levels at 6 and 12 h after near-normoglycemia were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS The extended insulin regimen, which was easy to implement at ward level, produced a more rapid resolution of ketosis than the conventional regimen.
Breast Cancer Detection and Community Practice: Executive Summary Report of a Workshop Cosponsored by the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation And the American Cancer Society
Authors: G. R. Dodd, D. J. Fink, G. P. Murphy
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1989)

screening in community practice were cov ered in a series of panel discussions on the needs of the primary care provider, cost, liability issues, community models, and quality assurance. Executive Summary ReportThe benefits of early detection of breast cancer have been demonstrated by the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York (HIP) study and other studies.The combi nation of screening mammography and clinical breast examination has been proven to decrease breast cancer mortality.Breast cancer studies now under way in North America and Europe should further clarify the robe of screening mammography in terms of age, periodicity, and cost effec tiveness.Several medical and health organiza tions have developed guidelines for breast cancer screening.The most widely publi cized are those of the American Cancer Society.as modified by the American Col lege of Radiology and the National Cancer Institute.These guidelines are as follows:1. Breast self-examinationâ€"monthly beginning at age 20.2. Clinical breast examinationâ€"every three years for women age 20 to 40, and every year, for women age 40 and over.3. Screening mammography â€"¿ a base line mammogram for women age 35 to 39, a mammogram every one to two years for women age 40 to 49, and an annual mam mogram for women age 50 and over.