tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ZINC AND TISSUE ENZYMES
Authors: Zolton T. Wirtschafter
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In an editorial on "Zinc and Tissue Enzymes," April 19,The Journalstated that "the demonstration of the presence of zinc in the molecule is of special interest, not only because of the importance of this enzyme in the dynamics of carbon dioxide transport by the blood, but also because this is the first instance of the existence of a biologic compound containing zinc which is important to higher mammals." Insulin was first obtained in crystalline form by Abel and his co-workers in 1926 from highly purified amorphous preparations. It has since been shown that this hormone is a protein and on hydrolysis yields amino acids, among which are tyrosine, cystine, glutamic acid, leucine, arginine, histidine, lysine, proline and phenylalanine. Zinc has been found in the pancreas as well as in all commercial preparations of insulin examined by Scott and Fisher. Scott and Fisher state: "The relation
Decreased Tc-99m MDP Uptake in Myelonecrosis
Authors: Ersoy Kekilli, Cengiz Yagmur, Emin Kaya, Irfan Kuku, Kadir Ertem, Ismet Aydogdu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 29-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with bone pain and pancytopenia. Multiple bone marrow biopsies and aspirations were performed. Pathologic and morphologic examination of the bone marrow revealed myelonecrosis. Myelonecrosis was diagnosed resulting from excessive administration of diclofenac sodium for renal colic. Large areas of decreased Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) uptake in multiple ribs and “eyeglasses”-shaped large hypoactive areas in both sacroiliac joints were seen on Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy at the third week. It was seen that large areas of decreased Tc-99m MDP uptake in the anterior region of the right second and third ribs and defective small focal areas in the posterior region of the left fourth and fifth ribs persisted, whereas other findings of the ribs and sacroiliac joints improved. Slightly increased activity was seen in the iliac crest biopsy regions on Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy at the fourth month.
Intracellular pH during "chemical hypoxia" in cultured rat hepatocytes. Protection by intracellular acidosis against the onset of cell death.
Authors: G J Gores, A L Nieminen, B E Wray, B Herman, J J Lemasters
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The relationships between extracellular pH (pHo), intracellular pH (pHi), and loss of cell viability were evaluated in cultured rat hepatocytes after ATP depletion by metabolic inhibition with KCN and iodoacetate (chemical hypoxia). pHi was measured in single cells by ratio imaging of 2',7'-biscarboxy-ethyl-5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) fluorescence using multiparameter digitized video microscopy. During chemical hypoxia at pHo of 7.4, pHi decreased from 7.36 to 6.33 within 10 min. pHi remained at 6.1-6.5 for 30-40 min (plateau phase). Thereafter, pHi began to rise and cell death ensued within minutes, as evidenced by nuclear staining with propidium iodide and coincident leakage of BCECF from the cytoplasm. An acidic pHo produced a slightly greater drop in pHi, prolonged the plateau phase of intracellular acidosis, and delayed the onset of cell death. Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange also prolonged the plateau phase and delayed cell death. In contrast, monensin or substitution of gluconate for Cl- in buffer containing HCO3- abolished the pH gradient across the plasma membrane and shortened cell survival. The results indicate that intracellular acidosis after ATP depletion delays the onset of cell death, whereas reduction of the degree of acidosis accelerates cell killing. We conclude that intracellular acidosis protects against hepatocellular death from ATP depletion, a phenomenon that may represent a protective adaptation against hypoxic and ischemic stress.
Sponsored trials do not necessarily give more-favourable results
Authors: J N S Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Wahlbeck and Adams report a review of randomised studies comparing clozapine with other antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia.1 They argue thattrials that reported some connection with the manufacturer of clozapine (sponsored trials) were associated with more-favourable outcomes for the drug than were trials in which no such connection could be discerned (non-sponsored trials). Unfortunately, the information that the authors present does …
Plastic and Maxillofacial Trauma Symposium
Authors: Bromley S. Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In this first volume the distinguished editor, coeditors, and contributors, all interested teachers and most of them authorities on plastic surgery, present a series of discussions of eight related maxillofacial fields, limited sometimes in details but not in scope, each ending with a brief round table discussion. The book does not, nor was it intended to, replace the special courses of instruction given in World Wars I and II, as outlined in a nostalgic foreword by Dr. Ivy, but is aimed at the resident level with ample references offered throughout to allow the use of this and future symposia as a group of stepping stones to further basic knowledge. As in all symposia, the quality of the sections varies considerably; that of most interest to the reviewer were studies of maxillofacial wounds in the Vietnam War. The book is well worth reading and shows the currently accepted treatment of maxillofacial
Alternate-Site Testing Is Reliable in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Except at the Forearm for Hypoglycemia Detection
Authors: Nadine Lucidarme, Corinne Alberti, Isabelle Zaccaria, Emmanuel Claude, Nadia Tubiana-Rufi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is crucial to the management of type 1 diabetes (1,2). Until recently, SMBG relied only on capillary blood sampling by fingerstick (a source of pain) and other forms of patient discomfort likely to diminish adherence to SMBG. After approval of alternate-site testing (AST), clinical studies found differences across measurement sites (3) in diabetic adults experiencing rapid blood glucose variations (4). Although pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes may be particularly likely to benefit from new methods that decrease pain and other burdens associated with frequent SMBG, alternate-site SMBG in this age-group has not been fully validated.

The objectives of this study were to determine whether blood glucose measured at alternate testing sites (thenar and forearm) in diabetic children showed clinically significant differences compared with fingertip values and to evaluate patient satisfaction with AST.

We included 29 children (aged 5–17 years) who had type 1 diabetes of at least 1 year’s duration and performed SMBG three or more times a day. The ethics committee of …
Regulation of Heparin Therapy
Authors: Daniel Deykin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

One of the most widely used modes of treatment in hospitalized patients, anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of recurring thrombosis, still remains in vague disfavor. Not only are the agents difficult to manage, but their beneficial effects are hard to document. The proponents of anticoagulant therapy, latter-day Mark Antonys, respond to their critics by observing that the good that anticoagulants do is largely unrecognized. The hallmark of successful treatment is the absence of a clinically detectable event. The evil that the drugs do is apparent at once, not rarely as a cause for interring the bones of an unfortunate patient . . .
Ectopic Parathyroid Gland Localization with Thallium-201 SPECT
Authors: JACK A. ZIFFER, WILLIAM A. FAJMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Dual isotope TI-201/Tc-99m subtraction is a useful technique for localization of abnormal parathyroid glands. A case of tomographic localization of nonsubtracted TI-201 to a mediastinal parathyroid is reported and the possible benefit of this method discussed.
Community acquired pneumonia in adults: a study comparing clinical features and outcome in Africa (Republic of Guinea) and Europe (France).
Authors: O Sow, M Frechet, A A Diallo, S Soumah, M K Conde, P Diot, E Boissinot, E Lemarie
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Community acquired pneumonia is the most common cause of death from infectious disease both in western and developing countries. A study was carried out in Conakry, Republic of Guinea and Tours, France in order to compare signs, symptoms, severity of illness, risk factors, and clinical outcome of community acquired pneumonia in adult patients admitted to hospital. METHODS: The study was performed in the cities of Conakry and Tours over the same one year period. Patients with nosocomial pneumonia, tuberculosis, and those who were HIV positive were excluded. Data were recorded on the same forms in both centres. A severity score was calculated according to American Thoracic Society criteria. Follow up was evaluated at days 2, 7 and 15. RESULTS: A total of 333 patients (218 from Conakry, 115 from Tours) were included in the study with a diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia, with or without lung abscess or pleural effusion. Mean age was higher and pre-existing illness rate, dehydration, agitation, and stupor were more frequent in patients in Tours. Respiration rates of &gt; 30 breaths/min and the incidence of crackles were identical in the two centres. Fever above 39 degrees C, initial shock, chest pain, and herpes were significantly more frequent in Conakry. Initial chest radiographic abnormalities were similar in the two groups, ranging from unilateral pleuropulmonary involvement (89% and 83% in Conakry and Tours, respectively) to diffuse patchy parenchymal disease. Parapneumonic effusion was present in 17% and 16% of the patients of Conakry and Tours, respectively. Pneumonia was considered to be severe in 33% and 42% of the patients, respectively. In Conakry first line antibiotic therapy was penicillin alone (2 million units a day) for 197 patients (90%) and second line antibiotic therapy was prescribed for 25 patients (12%). In Tours first line therapy consisted of a single antibiotic (amoxicillin, third generation cephalosporins) for 65 patients (57%) and second line antibiotic therapy was prescribed for 55 patients (48%). The clinical outcome was similar in Conakry and Tours: 88% and 85% of patients, respectively, were afebrile or clinically cured at day 15. The mortality rate was similar (6% and 8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The problems encountered in the management of community acquired pneumonia are quite different in western and developing countries. This study shows that low doses of penicillin can cure 90% of African patients with pneumonia as effectively as more aggregative treatments in European patients who are both older and have greater comorbidity. Although pneumococci with reduced penicillin sensitivity occur in western countries, this does not seem to be the case in black Africa. For these reasons, low doses of penicillin or amoxicillin remain good first line treatment.
Science, Politics, and Over-the-Counter Emergency Contraception
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chronic Hemodialysis in Myelomatosis
Authors: STEPHEN H. LEECH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Two patients had an unusual form of myelomatosis primarily manifested as chronic renal failure. Progressive uremia necessitated chronic dialysis, which extended their lives well beyond the mean survival for this disease. Hemodialysis should be considered in patients with this form of myelomatosis if there are no other debilitating conditions, if a good remission of long duration is likely, and if there is potential for significant rehabilitation.
Eating Cigarette Ashes in Anemia
Authors: REGIS A. DESILVA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 January 1974Eating Cigarette Ashes in AnemiaREGIS A. DESILVA, M.D.REGIS A. DESILVA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-1-115_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The reports by Chandra and Rosner (Ann Intern Med 78:973-974, 1973) and Marks (Ann Intern Med 79:612, 1973) on two unusual forms of craving associated with iron deficiency anemia prompts me to report a form of pica that does not appear to be in the literature.A 33-year-old, multiparous, menstruating Puerto Rican woman was seen with epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. She appeared pale, but looked healthy otherwise and denied excessive menstruation. Thorough evaluation showed classical iron deficiency anemia and a carcinoma of the ascending colon. The upper gastrointestinal tract was normal.She admitted to pagophagia (eating...References1. MENGELCARTERHORTON CWE: Geophagia with iron deficiency and hypokalemia: cachexia Africana. Arch Intern Med 114:470-474, 1964 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BLUMORTONROSE MCL: The effects of starch ingestion on excessive iron absorption (abstract). Ann Intern Med 68:1165, 1968 LinkGoogle Scholar3. MINNICHOKÇUOGLUTARCON VAY: Pica in Turkey. II. Effect of clay upon iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 21:78-86, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BEUTLERFAIRBANKSFAHEY EVJ: Clinical Disorders of Iron Metabolism. New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1963, p. 28 Google Scholar5. COLTMAN C: Pagophagia and iron lack. JAMA 207:513-516, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: REGIS A. DESILVA, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPica, iron deficiency, and the medical historyPagophagia, or compulsive ice consumption: a historical perspectivePica: Symptom or Eating Disorder? A Historical Assessment 1 January 1974Volume 80, Issue 1Page: 115-116KeywordsColonEatingGastrointestinal tractHispanic peopleIron deficiency anemiaNauseaVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Patients Who Refuse Treatment in Medical Hospitals
Authors: Paul S. Appelbaum
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Treatment refusal in medical hospitals, despite the interest it has aroused among lawyers and ethicists, has been largely ignored by the medical profession. This study of the phenomenon in a number of medical and surgical settings has disclosed that refusal is a common occurrence. In this study, refusals were often precipitated by problems within the physician-patient relationship, although several interactive factors were usually involved. Physicians' responses to refusal tended to be undifferentiated with regard to the precipitants, depending more heavily on the medical urgency of the situation. Costs of refusal were measurable in terms of delay and increased expense when treatment was ultimately accepted and, less commonly, in terms of physical harm to the patient. These findings illustrate important strains in the modern physician-patient relationship and suggest that closer attention to factors underlying refusal may increase the rate of successful resolution.The results of a study of treatment refusal in various medical and surgical settings within several Pittsburgh community and university hospitals are presented and analyzed. Refusal was found to be a common occurrence, usually involving multiple causative factors and precipitated by problems within the physician patient relationship. Physicians' responses to refusal were determined by their perception of the urgency of situations rather than by their communicating with patients. Most patients ultimately accepted treatment although the problems causing initial refusal were not always resolved.
ERK1/2-Akt1 crosstalk regulates arteriogenesis in mice and zebrafish
Authors: Bin Ren, Yong Deng, Arpita Mukhopadhyay, Anthony A. Lanahan, Zhen W. Zhuang, Karen L. Moodie, Mary Jo Mulligan-Kehoe, Tatiana V. Byzova, Randall T. Peterson, Michael Simons
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Arterial morphogenesis is an important and poorly understood process. In particular, the signaling events controlling arterial formation have not been established. We evaluated whether alterations in the balance between ERK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways could stimulate arterial formation in the setting of defective arterial morphogenesis in mice and zebrafish. Increased ERK1/2 activity in mouse ECs with reduced VEGF responsiveness was achieved in vitro and in vivo by downregulating PI3K activity, suppressing Akt1 but not Akt2 expression, or introducing a constitutively active ERK1/2 construct. Such restoration of ERK1/2 activation was sufficient to restore impaired arterial development and branching morphogenesis in synectin-deficient mice and synectin-knockdown zebrafish. The same approach effectively stimulated arterial growth in adult mice, restoring arteriogenesis in mice lacking synectin and in atherosclerotic mice lacking both LDL-R and ApoB48. We therefore conclude that PI3K-ERK1/2 crosstalk plays a key role in the regulation of arterial growth and that the augmentation of ERK signaling via suppression of the PI3K signaling pathway can effectively stimulate arteriogenesis.
Postcardioversion atrial electrophysiologic changes induced by oral verapamil in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Claudio Pandozi, Leopoldo Bianconi, Leonardo Calò, Antonio Castro, Filippo Lamberti, Maria Carmela Scianaro, Giuseppe Gentilucci, Massimo Santini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Volume CT for Diagnosis of Nodules Found in Lung-Cancer Screening
Authors: James L. Mulshine, David M. Jablons
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Lung cancer, the most lethal type of cancer, accounted for more than 159,000 deaths in 2009 in the United States alone,1 and the annual number of new cases is expected to exceed 338,000 by 2030.2 Smoking-cessation and other tobacco-control measures have succeeded in reducing the consumption of tobacco products — a considerable public health benefit.1 Nevertheless, 43 million Americans continue to smoke, and there are more than 43 million former smokers3 who have an elevated risk of lung cancer for the remainder of their lives.4 In the past few years, a number of trials involving lung-cancer screening with the use . . .
Lymph Node–Positive Bladder Cancer Treated With Radical Cystectomy and Lymphadenectomy: Effect of the Level of Node Positivity
Authors: Tatum V. Tarin, Nicholas E. Power, Behfar Ehdaie, John P. Sfakianos, Jonathan L. Silberstein, Caroline J. Savage, Daniel Sjoberg, Guido Dalbagni, Bernard H. Bochner
Journal: European Urology (2012)
B-cell frequency in hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Domenico Sansonno, Sabino Russi, Vincenza Conteduca, Loredana Sansonno
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

We read with great interest the article by Holz et al.1 published in HEPATOLOGY. The authors provide information on immunophenotypic changes of peripheral B cells (PBLs) in 17 chronically hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). They underlined the primary role of B cells in the pathogenesis of MC. The occurrence of B-cell subpopulations biased toward anergy and/or apoptosis was demonstrated. As unexpected findings, they reported a significant reduction of total circulating B-cell number in MC patients as compared with control populations. They concluded that, naive B cells being more prone to apoptosis and representing the largest fraction of the major B-cell compartment, their reduced frequency may contribute to the observed reduction in CD19+ B-cell number in these patients. These data, indeed, contradict many previously published observations showing an expanded number of PBLs in MC populations.2, 3 Stirred by these observations, we reassessed the results of immunophenotypic analyses of PBLs assessed in 100 HCV-related MC and in 100 HCV-infected patients without MC and in 50 healthy controls. In all patients, PBLs were obtained on the same day of liver biopsy and in no case were cells thawed after cryopreservation. All had histological diagnosis of chronic hepatitis without cirrhosis. The patient groups had a comparable total lymphocyte frequency of 1,435 ± 277 cells/μL in cryoglobulinemic and 1,280 ± 196 cells/μL in noncryoglobulinemic patients. As shown in Fig. 1, the results demonstrate a significant enrichment of circulating B cells in MC patients. Frequency distribution of CD19+ B cells in healthy subjects and in chronically HCV-infected patients with and without mixed cryoglobulinemia. As a measure of range values, MC patients showed a CD19+ B-cell frequency higher than 20% in almost 80%. These results are not in line with data reported by Holz et al., whose observations may support the notion of compartmentalization of lymphocyte subpopulations. An altered trafficking of B cells with an increased number of naive phenotype in circulation may be proposed, in that activated B cells are selectively retained. HCV induces changes regulating lymphocyte homing, migration, or adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the sharp prevalence of male sex in Holz et al.'s population accounts for a distinct subgroup of cryoglobulinemic patients. They found a 2.4 male/female ratio, which is a very unusual finding. The high prevalence of females in cryoglobulinemic patients is a long-standing observation. In this context remarkable differences in sex distribution within the patients considered by Holz et al. may suggest that hormone patterns may contribute to the modification of characteristics of the B-cell immune response.
Reforming Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Anne Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE PHYSICIAN Payment Review Commission, created in 1986 to advise the US Congress on reform of Medicare's method of paying physicians, has developed a comprehensive policy designed to limit growth in residencies, shift the balance between subspecialists and generalists, and facilitate training in ambulatory settings.<sup>1</sup> During the past 2 years, the commission has devoted considerable attention to physician supply, specialty distribution, and the financing of graduate medical education (GME). The national debate on health system reform offers the potential to structure more effective policies that will include all payers in new GME financing strategies and to develop different systems of service provision for uninsured people who historically have relied on teaching institutions as their source of care. The debate also provides an important opportunity, missing in the past, to coordinate policies regarding physician supply and training with those affecting payment for services, patients' access to care, and cost containment.