tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE MEDIATION OF INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABILITY IN INFLAMMATION
Authors: D.L. WILHELM
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (1962)

If the experimental evidence is a reliable guide to the vascular permeability response in inflammation, two sets of facts emerge. Firstly, the response is complex and consists of at least two phases. The early one is transient and appears irrelevant to the later, which constitutes the essential part of the response. Secondly, histamine and 5-HT are the only natural mediators that have been firmly identified, but their role is confined to the early and minor events.

This information has been established largely by forsaking the gross procedures formerly used to induce experimental inflammation. If further progress is to be achieved, it is more likely to come by studying the reactions elicited by mild stimuli in animals that are not assaulted by overwhelming doses of drugs.
Pathogenesis of <i>Okadaella gastrococcus</i> in gastric mucosal lesions
Authors: T. Okada, G. Adkins, J. Bradley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4262 Background: There are reports of gastric cancer incidence following successful Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication. We have reported the co-existence of Hp and Okadaella gastrococcus (Og), and the presence of intra-lesional and intracellular Og in the various gastric mucosal lesions (GML) including gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible pathogenesis of Og in GML including gastric cancer. Methods: Data collected over 7 years in vivo and in vitro were used for analysis. The mechanism and association of Og in GML were attributed from the findings of histology and electron microscopy on biopsy samples obtained at the time of EGD, and video-taped records. Results: Og can be identified in gastric polyp, gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, gastric cancer, and gastro-duodenal ulcer. Og can be seen in mucosa, intercellular space, intracellularly, perivascularly, intravascularly, and in the region of intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Og can be found in neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. Og attaches on the mucosal and stromal cells via pili like structure (PLS) and directly invades them. The intracellular Og attaches onto the nucleus of the cell via PLS. Some of the mucosal cells infected by Og undergo cellular degeneration and necrosis. Identical findings were observed in vitro with cell culture inoculated with Og. Some of them were internalized by endocytotic process. Og can destroy HeLa cells within 24 hours. Gastritis and gastric polyp could be thought as the inflammatory manifestations of gastric mucosal cells infected by Og. Gastric erosion and ulcer might be induced by constant gastric acid exposure on the mucosal necrosis and damage caused by Og. Intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia could be the one of morphological changes in response to intracellular Og invasion and attachment onto the nucleus. Gastric cancer might be the result of mutations induced by the direct contact to the nucleus of mucosal or stromal cells (including stem cell) by PLS of Og such as glycosynaptic process. Conclusions: The possible pathogenesis of Og in various GML including carcinogenesis was proposed. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate this hypothesis including molecular and biochemical studies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Basophil activation test as support for distinguishing between aspirin-induced asthma and allergic reaction to ASA
Authors: Massimo Caruso, Giovanni Tringali, Nadia Pellegrino, Maria Proiti, Elisa Basile, Maria Cosentino, Riccardo Polosa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aspirin-induced asthma (AIA),is a clinical syndrome associated with severe and chronic inflammation in both upper and lower airways.Despite their similarities,AIA is quite distinct from Acetyl Salicylic Acid (ASA) allergy.

AIA remains largely underdiagnosed,mainly for the lack of diagnostic methods to detect ASA sensitisation without risk and to distinguish it from ASA allergy.Here we investigate if it is possible to apply a method designed for allergic sensitization,in order to distinguish hypersensitivity from allergy to ASA.This method is well-known as Basophil Activation Test (BAT),and it consist of in vitro blood cells stimulation by ASA and then detection of two activation markers (CD63/CD203c) on basophils,typical of allergic reaction.

We performed BAT on peripheral blood samples from 8 subjects referring respiratory disorders after ASA assumption.The expression of markers were considered positive when the Stimulation Index (SI) was higher than 2,defining SI the ratio between markers on basophils stimulated and unstimulated.BAT evidenced activation in three subjects,indicating that they suffer from ASA allergy.The other five subjects did not show any basophil activation (BA).

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Since BA is a clear sign of allergic reaction,it is plausible to conclude that the subjects who do not respond to BAT are suffering from AIA,so we may assume that BAT is useful to distinguish between AIA and ASA allergy.

 [1]: pending:yes
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: A. Manoharan
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1989)

the International Society of Hematology in Montreal in 1980, he agreed with the sug gestion that patients with immune cytope nias should not be lumped with those in whom the cytopenias are due to bone mar row failure.Although the incidence of immune ane mia and thrombocytopenia in patients with CLL at presentation is probably very low, in light of the preceding I believe that ane mia and thrombocytopenia do not necessar ily indicate a bad prognosis in these pa tients.
A withdrawal syndrome after abrupt discontinuation of alprazolam
Authors: R Noyes, J Clancy, W H Coryell, R R Crowe, D R Chaudhry, D V Domingo
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

A patient who received therapeutic doses of alprazolam for 8 weeks experienced a withdrawal syndrome beginning 18 hours after its abrupt discontinuation. Short-acting and minimally sedating benzodiazepines may have increased potential for withdrawal reactions.
Paraneoplastic Syndromes Associated With Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Leena Gandhi, Bruce E. Johnson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2006)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most frequent cancer histology associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. These syndromes are typically caused by ectopic hormone production or immune-mediated tissue destruction caused by neural antigen expression from cancer cells. This antigen expression induces the production of antibodies that cross-react with neural tissue. This article discusses the most common ectopic hormone and neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes and emphasizes the relationships among antigens, clinical syndromes, and outcomes. Although ectopic hormone production has been associated with extensive-stage disease and a poorer outcome, the antibody-mediated paraneoplastic syndromes are prognostic factors associated with more favorable outcomes. Both have the potential for improvement with cancer treatment.
Long-term follow-up of testicular function following radiation therapy for early-stage Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: T J Kinsella, G Trivette, J Rowland, R Sorace, R Miller, B Fraass, S M Steinberg, E Glatstein, R J Sherins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Seventeen male patients with pathological staged I-IIIA1 Hodgkin's disease were followed prospectively for radiation damage to the testes from low-dose scattered irradiation. During conventionally fractionated radiation therapy, the testicular dose ranged from 6 to 70 cGy. Testicular function was measured in a prospective fashion by repeated analyses (every 6 to 12 months) of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone. Patients were also followed by serial semen analyses and by a questionnaire on fertility. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 7 years after completion of radiation therapy. In patients receiving greater than or equal to 20 cGy, there was a dose-dependent increase in serum FSH values following irradiation, with the maximum difference at 6 months compared with pretreatment levels. All patients showed a return to normal FSH values within 12 to 24 months following irradiation. No significant changes in LH and testosterone were observed in this patient group. Eight patients with a normal pretreatment semen analysis provided serial semen samples and two patients showed transient oligospermia with complete recovery by 18 months following treatment. Four patients have fathered normal offspring following radiation therapy. We conclude that low doses (greater than 20 cGy) of scatter irradiation during treatment for Hodgkin's disease can result in transient injury to the seminiferous tubule as manifested by elevations of FSH for 6 to 24 months following treatment. Below 20 cGy, FSH values remained in the normal range. No evidence of Leydig cell injury (using LH and testosterone) was seen in this dose range (up to 70 cGy). Thus, patients with early-stage Hodgkin's disease can be treated with radiation therapy with little to no risk of irreversible testicular injury. Radiation treatment techniques to shield the testes are discussed.
Abstract 15048: Klf4 Acts as a Molecular Switch During Stem Cell Differentiation Into Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells.
Authors: John Paul Kirton, Paola Campagnolo, Elisabetta Di Bernardini, Qingbo Xu
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Use of embryonic-derived vascular progenitor cells is hampered by an incomplete understanding of molecular switches that control their differentiation either to endothelial (EC) or smoo...
DNA and Actin Bind and Inhibit Interleukin-8 Function in Cystic Fibrosis Sputa
Authors: BEATRICE PERKS, JANIS K. SHUTE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Infection of the cystic fibrosis (CF) airways elicits an exaggerated, interleukin-8 (IL-8) mediated, neutrophil inflammatory response. Necrosing neutrophils release DNA and actin into the airways, increasing the viscoelasticity of airway secretions. Mucolytics aim to improve airway clearance by reducing this viscoelasticity. DNase I reduces the viscoelasticity of CF sputum, and a human recombinant form of this enzyme is widely administered to patients with CF. Gelsolin, which cleaves actin polymers, is also known to reduce CF sputum viscosity in vitro, and it has been proposed as a future mucolytic agent. We have shown that the anionic polymers DNA and actin bind and mask immunologic recognition of the basic peptide IL-8 and prevent this chemokine from binding to neutrophil receptors. Reduction of CF sputum viscosity by DNase I or gelsolin in vitro was demonstrated to increase the proportion of free IL-8 and the IL-8–dependent neutrophil chemotactic activity of sputum supernatants. We hypothesize that an electrostatic interaction between polymer and chemokine may limit the inflammatory potential of the latter, but that this interaction may be weakened by polymer cleavage. The potential risk of increased inflammation via this mechanism suggests a caveat should be attendant on treatment of patients with CF with these mucolytic agents.
Medicament Contact Dermatitis in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Ear Disease
Authors: R C Holmes, J D Wilkinson, A N Johns, M M Black, R J G Rycroft
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1982)

Patch testing of 40 patients with chronic inflammatory ear disease demonstrated medicament allergic contact dermatitis in 35%. The most frequent sensitizers were neomycin, framycetin, clioquinol and gentamicin. Although allergic contact dermatitis to dewaxing ear drops was unusual, irritant reactions were common.
Brucellosis outbreak due to unpasteurized raw goat cheese in Andalucia (Spain), January - March 2002
Authors: C. Mendez Martinez, A Paez Jimenez, M Cortés-Blanco, E. Salmoral Chamizo, E. Mohedano Mohedano, C. Plata, A. Varo Baena, J. F. Martinez Navarro
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

Eleven brucellosis cases were identified in three municipalities of Cordoba (Andalucia, Spain). A case-control study was conducted, selecting three cases per control. Persons having eaten unpasteurized raw goat cheese produced in a farmhouse located in the epidemic territory, were at higher risk for presenting brucellosis (OR=21.6, IC95%=1.6-639.8). Brucella melitensis serovar 3 was identified in clinical specimens and in goat tissue and milk samples from the herd's farmhouse. Preventive measures were implemented and the outbreak was stopped after the withdrawal of all suspicious cheeses from the market, additional sanitation of the farmhouse and health promotion activities.
Pd-L1 Expression and Overall Survival Among Patients with Melanoma
Authors: T. Steiniche, A.V. Danielsen, Z. Wang, P.S. Nielsen, L. Bastholt, H. Schmidt, I.M. Svane, M. Dolled-Filhart, K. Emancipator, R. Weiner, M. Busch-Sorensen, W. Zhou
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Clinical Aspects of Immunology.
Authors: Philip George Houthem Gell, R. R. A. Coombs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Volume 1: anatomical basis of the immune system architecture of immunity induction and regulation of immune responses. Volume 2: advances in technology immunological intervention allergy connective tissue disease immunodeficiency. Volume 3: immunology of infection transplantation tumour immunology organ-based immunology.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in American and Japanese Executives
Authors: G W Comstock, T Suzuki, R W Stone, J L Crumrine, D H Johnson, Y Sakai, T Matsuya, S Sasaki
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

A standardized cardiovascular risk factor examination was given to executives in the headquarters of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company and the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation. As expected from the national mortality data, evidence of ischaemic heart disease was more common among American than Japanese executives. The frequency of some but not all risk factors was consistent with the observed differences in ischaemic heart disease. Americans were fatter than their Japanese counterparts, obtained a higher proportion of their caloric intake from animal fats, had higher serum cholesterol levels, and more of them felt that their lives were highly stressful. On the other hand, Japanese executives were much more likely to be cigarette smokers and showed a greater increase in blood pressure with age. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in the serum were similar in the two groups.
Community acquired pneumonia in patients with ambulatory treatment. Etiology and evolution
Authors: Miguel Ariza, Luis Molinos, Juan Cason, Ana Enriquez, Ana Pando, David Fole, Herminia Buchelli, Pera Casan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To know the etiology,evolution,and rentability of inflammatory markers in the etiological diagnosis,clinical and radiological evolution and the correlation with the prognostic scales.METHODS:We included patients evaluated in the emergency department (Sept 2011-Aug 2012) with the diagnosis of CAP that received ambulatory treatment and came to a follow up visit 3 days after the diagnosis was made.RESULTS:N=62(52% male).Mean age:47.7±17.4.Charlson Index:0.45(0-3).PSI: I-67%, II-21%, III-11%, IV-1%; CURB65: 0-82%, 1-18%.Etiological diagnosis in 61.3%: 34%S.pneumoniae,5%L.pneumophila,16%atypical bacteria and 45%virus.On the third day:21%complete radiological resolution,58%partial resolution and 5%worsening.The relationship of the inflammatory markers with the etiology is shown in Figure 1 and the radiological evolution in Figure 2. 4 patients were hospitalized on the third day follow up visit.CONCLUSIONS: Viruses were the most frequently pathogens associated with the CAP. PCT can help predict the etiology. Low levels of PCT are associated with an early radiological resolution.PCT can contribute to a lesser use of antimicrobial agents or to optimize its duration.

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Twelve-Week Treatment With Liraglutide as Add-on to Insulin in Normal-Weight Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Parallel Study
Authors: Christian S. Frandsen, Thomas F. Dejgaard, Jens J. Holst, Henrik U. Andersen, Birger Thorsteinsson, Sten Madsbad
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

This study investigated the efficacy and safety of once-daily liraglutide 1.2 mg versus placebo as add-on to insulin treatment in normal-weight patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes.In a randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 40 patients with type 1 diabetes (HbA1c ≥8% [64 mmol/mol]) received once-daily liraglutide 1.2 mg or placebo for 12 weeks. Continuous glucose monitoring was performed before and at the end of treatment. The primary end point was change in HbA1c. Secondary end points included change in insulin dose, weight, glycemic excursions, heart rate, and blood pressure.Baseline HbA1c was similar in the liraglutide and placebo group (8.8 ± 0.2 and 8.7 ± 0.1% [72.5 ± 2.2 and 71.8 ± 1.5 mmol/mol]). Change in HbA1c from baseline was -0.6 ± 0.2% (-6.22 ± 1.71 mmol/mol) with liraglutide and -0.5 ± 0.2% (-5.56 ± 1.67 mmol/mol) with placebo (P = 0.62). Variation in glycemic excursions did not change in either group. Change in body weight was -3.13 ± 0.58 and +1.12 ± 0.42 kg (P < 0.0001) with liraglutide and placebo, respectively. The bolus insulin dose decreased in liraglutide-treated patients and did not change with placebo treatment (4.0 ± 1.3 vs. 0.0 ± 1.0 IU, P = 0.02). Heart rate increased within the liraglutide group (P = 0.04) but not compared with placebo, whereas mean systolic blood pressure decreased compared with placebo (between-group difference 3.21 mmHg [95% CI -8.31 to 1.90], P = 0.04). Liraglutide was more frequently associated with gastrointestinal adverse effects. The incidence of hypoglycemia did not differ between groups.Liraglutide significantly reduces body weight and insulin requirements but has no additional effect on HbA1c in normal-weight patients with type 1 diabetes inadequately controlled on insulin alone.
RESTENOSIS OF THE MITRAL VALVE
Authors: G E MUEHSAM, O AUERBACH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1957)

Case Reports1 June 1957RESTENOSIS OF THE MITRAL VALVEGERALD E. MUEHSAM, M.D., OSCAR AUERBACH, M.D., F.A.C.P.GERALD E. MUEHSAM, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, OSCAR AUERBACH, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-46-6-1177 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRestenosis of the mitral valve is a new clinical entity which has been made possible by the recent advances in cardiac surgery. Its recognition is of great importance, as it may require surgical interference, in the hope of correcting the recurrent pathologic situation.This report presents an instance of restenosis of the mitral valve, seen at autopsy, in a patient who had a good result from mitral commissurotomy and died three years later as a direct consequence of renewed stenosis of the mitral orifice.Occasionally patients who have undergone mitral commissurotomy for the relief of mitral stenosis do well for...Bibliography1. GloverDavilaO'NeillJanton RPJCTJOH: Does mitral stenosis recur after commissurotomy? Circulation 11: 14-27, 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Brock in "Panel discussion on late results of mitral commissurotomy," Henry Ford Hospital International Symposium on Cardio-vascular Surgery, 1955, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Google Scholar3. Muller WH: The fate of the incised commissure in mitral stenosis—postmortem findings in two cases, Surgery 31: 602-608, 1952. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Keyes , quoted by Brock.2 Google Scholar5. Wood P: An appreciation of mitral stenosis, Brit. M. J. 1: 1113-1124, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. SoloffZatuchniJantonO'NeillGlover LJOHTJRP: Reactivation of rheumatic fever following mitral commissurotomy, Circulation 8: 481-493, 1953. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. Hellems , quoted by Brock.2 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GERALD E. MUEHSAM, M.D.; OSCAR AUERBACH, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: East Orange, New Jersey*Received for publication January 18, 1956.From the Laboratory Service, Veterans Administration Hospital, East Orange, New Jersey.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Gerald E. Muehsam, M.D., Veterans Administration Hospital, East Orange, New Jersey. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMitral Stenosis Treated SurgicallySpätkomplikationen und Versager nach Operation der Mitralstenose als Folge allergischer ReaktionenMITRAL RESTENOSIS 1 June 1957Volume 46, Issue 6 Page: 1177-1184 Keywords Autopsy Cardiac surgery Hypertension Mitral stenosis Research laboratories Stenosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1957 PDF downloadLoading ...
Inactivation of Imprinted Genes Induced by Cellular Stress and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Cristina Pantoja, Laura de los Ríos, Ander Matheu, Francisco Antequera, Manuel Serrano
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Cellular proliferation under stressful conditions may result in permanent genetic and epigenetic changes. Using primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we have completed a screening test to identify gene expression changes triggered when cells proliferate under stress. In this manner, we have discovered a novel phenomenon that consists of the rapid and coordinated silencing of genes subject to imprinting, including Cdkn1c, Igf2, H19, Ndn1, Grb10, and Meg3. This generalized silencing of imprinted genes is independent of the stress-responsive tumor suppressors p53, p19Arf, and p16Ink4a, and it is also independent of the oxidative culture conditions and the stress response known as “mouse embryonic fibroblast senescence”. In the case of Cdkn1c and H19, their silencing is associated with unscheduled de novo methylation of the normally expressed allele at their corresponding CpG island promoters, thus resulting in biallelic methylation. Finally, we provide evidence for frequent de novo methylation of Cdkn1c in a variety of murine cancer types. Altogether, our data support the concept that silencing of imprinted genes, including methylation of Cdkn1c, constitutes an epigenetic signature of cellular stress and tumorigenesis.
Review of Brigitte Feuillet-Liger, Thérèse Callus, and Kristina Orfali, eds., <i>The Female Body: A Journey Through Law, Culture and Medicine</i>
Authors: June Carbone
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

"Review of Brigitte Feuillet-Liger, Thérèse Callus, and Kristina Orfali, eds., The Female Body: A Journey Through Law, Culture and Medicine1." The American Journal of Bioethics, 15(8), pp. W6–W7