tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF HEARTWATER
Authors: E. V. Cowdry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

A Gram-negative, intracellular, coccus-like microorganism was found in cases of heartwater in the three species which are susceptible to the disease; namely, goats, sheep, and cattle. It was absent in the case of control animals, both normal ones and those dying of some. other diseases. The presence of this microorganism was definitely related to the febrile reaction. It was most easily detected in the renal glomeruli and in the small capillaries of the cerebral cortex but probably occurred throughout the body. The microorganism was a typical endothelial parasite, being restricted in distribution to the endothelial cells of the smaller blood vessels and to portions of such elements which had broken off into the blood stream. It was never observed to cause injury to the cells other than those incident to mechanical distention through accumulation within them of many individuals in large densely packed masses which were characteristically spherical. A typical attribute was the presence of several of these masses within the cytoplasm of a single endothelial cell. In view of the association of this microorganism with heartwater, a disease of ruminants, and thus far the only one in which microorganisms resembling Rickettsioe have been reported, the designation Rickettsia ruminantium is proposed.
Freeflowmetry – The new method of evaluation of the respiratory function phenotype
Authors: Zygmunt Podolec
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Freeflowmetry is the new method of air flow and air volume measurement during forced and free breathing through the open or partially closed mouth or through the nose. Application of tight silicone mask connected with dPP® pneumotachograph allows adaptation of the natural resistance of the oral cavity in order to reduce the airway collapse.  The aim of the study was to compare the results of examination performed with dPP® pneumotachograph with mouthpiece, with the results of examination performed with silicone mask   Method:  The examinations were performed using PNEUMO® PC spirometer [abcMED, PL] in group of COPD patients: 6 female and 4 male at age of 75±5 years and in control group of healthy: 6 female and 2 male at age 73±6 years.  The results are shown in table 1.   Conclusion:  Freeflowmetric examination can contribute to the optimization and individual adaptation of treatment, the determining of the phenotype of bronchial obstruction and/or airway collapse in common diseases such as COPD and asthma. Further studies are required for the comparison of freewlowmetric test results before and after physical exercise and before and after application of bronchodilator.
Factors influencing extramedullary relapse after allogeneic transplantation for multiple myeloma
Authors: L Vincent, P Ceballos, C Plassot, J C Méniane, P Quittet, R Navarro, C Cyteval, V Szablewski, Z Y Lu, T Kanouni, J Moreaux, G Cartron, B Klein, N Fegueux
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Factors influencing extramedullary relapse after allogeneic transplantation for multiple myeloma
Abstract 3803: Obatoclax analogue SC-2001 inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation by enhancing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 expression and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Chun-Yu Liu, Jung-Chen Su, Ling-Ming Tseng, Pei-Yi Chu, Wei-Tien Tai, Chung-Wai Shiau, Kuen-Feng Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Interfering the oncogenic STAT3 signaling is considered as promising anti-cancer strategy. Previously, we have reported an obatoclax analogue, SC-2001, as a novel STAT3 inhibitor in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Cancer Letter 2012). Here, we examined the efficacy and drug mechanism of SC-2001 in breast cancer cells. Methods: Human breast cancer cell lines were used for in vitro studies. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay. Apoptosis was examined by both flow cytometry and western blot. Signal transduction pathways in cells were assessed by western blot. Small interference RNA was used to knockdown SHP-1. Quantitative RT-PCR was used for assessing gene transcription. In vivo efficacy of SC-2001 was tested in xenografted nude mice. Results: SC-2001 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, MCF-7 and HCC 1937). SC-2001 downregulated the phosphorylation of STAT3 (Tyr 705) and subsequently inhibited its transcriptional activities in a dose-dependent manner. STAT3-regulated proteins, including Mcl-1, survivin and cyclin D1, were also repressed by SC-2001. Over-expression of STAT3 in MDA-MB-468 cells protected cells from SC-2001-induced apoptosis. Moreover, SC-2001 enhanced the expression of SHP-1, a negative regulator of STAT3, in a time-dependent manner. The enhanced SHP-1 expression, in conjunction with increased SHP-1 phosphatase activity, was mediated by upregulated transcription. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation experiment showed that SC-2001 upregulated SHP-1 expression through enhanced transcription by RFX-1 transcription factor. Importantly, SC-2001 showed efficacious antitumor activity and p-STAT3 downregulation in MDA-MB-468 xenograft tumors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that SC-2001 induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells, and that this effect is mediated through RFX-1 upregulated SHP-1 expression and SHP-1-dependent STAT3 inactivation. (Supported by Yen Tjing Ling Medical Foundation; NSC 101-2325-B-075-006, NSC-102-2325-B-075-006 and NSC 100-2325-B-010-007; and V100-D-005-4) Citation Format: Chun-Yu Liu, Jung-Chen Su, Ling-Ming Tseng, Pei-Yi Chu, Wei-Tien Tai, Chung-Wai Shiau, Kuen-Feng Chen. Obatoclax analogue SC-2001 inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation by enhancing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 expression and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3803. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3803
Community Mental Health
Authors: Michael T. Compton
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Can GLI reference values be used to analyse longitudinal data from elderly women in Germany
Authors: Anke Hüls, Ursula Krämer, Sabine Stolz, Tamara Schikowski, Barbara Hoffmann, Andrea Vierkötter
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The Global Lung Initiative (GLI 2012) recently developed new multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry, based on cross-sectional data sets and covering the age range of 3 to 95 years (Quanjer et al., Eur Respir J. 2012, 40(6):1324-43). The equations are less reliable for subjects aged >75 years and it is unknown if these cross-sectionally based values are suitable for the evaluation of longitudinal data. The SALIA-study (Study on the influence of Air pollution on Lung function, Inflammation and Aging) (Schikowski et al., Respir Res. 2010, 11:113) is a population-based cohort study in elderly women (age at baseline 55 years) with lung function measurements at baseline (1985-1990) and follow-up (2008-2009) covering more than 20 years performed in a rural reference area and the Rhine-Ruhr Basin of Germany.  We analyse whether the GLI reference values fit to the SALIA reference population and evaluate if the GLI values can be used to describe longitudinal change in lung function during aging.  In the reference population the mean GLI-z-score (SD) for FVC was 0.04 (0.94) at baseline (n=709) and 0.33 (0.94) at follow-up (n=355). For FEV1 the mean z-score (SD) at baseline was -0.11 (1.04) and 0.25 (1.01) at follow-up. Only considering the baseline population with follow-up measurement (n=333) the mean GLI-z-score (SD) at baseline for FVC was 0.11 (0.96) and for FEV1 -0.04 (0.96).  The differences between the SALIA reference population and the GLI values are not physiologically relevant (|mean z-scores|
Meeting Report: Inaugural Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Symposium, Santa Barbara, CA, February 2015
Authors: Jennifer A. Smith, Sarah J. Benbow
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common, dose-limiting side effect of cancer treatment. This conference was the first of its kind to bring together a wide range of clinicians, researchers, and industry professionals to address the potential causes, preventions, and treatments for this drug toxicity. Intraepidermal nerve fiber loss, axonal degeneration, immune cell infiltration, alterations in tubulin protein expression and microtubule stability, axonal transport, and mitochondrial dysfunction were addressed as possible mechanisms. Problems with animal models of the disease were discussed, as well as the potential of patient-derived induced sensory neurons to serve as a novel in vitro model. Cancer Res; 75(18); 3696–8. ©2015 AACR.
FcγRIIB expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas does not alter the response to CHOP+rituximab (R-CHOP)
Authors: S Camilleri-Broët, N Mounier, A Delmer, J Brière, O Casasnovas, L Cassard, P Gaulard, B Christian, B Coiffier, C Sautès-Fridman
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Evolution of the incidence of tuberculosis in the iII health area of the Principado of Asturias, Spain
Authors: Jose-Maria Garcia-Garcia, Fernando Alvarez-Navascues, Manuel Villanueva, Henar Villar, Juan-Jose Palacios, Jesus Allende, Andres Sanchez-Antuña, Manuel Martinez-Muñiz, Jose-Antonio Gullon, Aida Fernandez-Pantiga, Jose-Manuel Fernandez-Carreira, Ana Fernandez-Quiroga, Begoña Gonzalez-Gonzalez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim:  Description of the evolution of the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the last 10 years and the different circumstances that can have influence on it.   Methods:  We collected all the cases of cultured proven TB. We describe factors that can have influence: 1. Number of immigrants, HIV co-infection, immunosuppression (biological therapy included). 2. Molecular epidemiology. 3. Treatment follow-up. 4. Contacts study.   Results:  Our Health Area has 155, 000 inhabitants and we had 388 TB patients in 10 years,with a global incidence of 25/100,000 population per year (15/100,000 last year). 1. The percentage of immigrants, HIV co-infection and immunosuppression is small (figure 1).  2. The molecular study performed in 50 patients (2008-2010) shows clustering in 74%. 3. We had 89% of patients treated with successful results (cure or treatment completion). 4. We had performed contacts study during all the period but we only know data since 2008 when we started a Pilot Programme (we studied 398 contacts from 82 patients, with 128 infected contacts with preventive therapy).   Conclusions:  We had a continuous decrease in the incidence of TB, mainly in the last year, with a small percentage of immigrants, HIV co-infection and immunossupresive therapy, good therapy compliment, and a Programme of study of contacts in a region with recent TB transmission. All together can explain the decrease of TB incidence.
Pemetrexed in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Motoyasu Kato, Takehito Shukuya, Fumiyuki Takahashi, Ai Inagaki, Ryota Kanemaru, Ryo Ko, Sigehiro Yagishita, Nurwidya Fariz, Isao Kobayashi, Akiko Murakami, Yoshito Hoshika, Keiko Muraki, Ryo Koyama, Naoko Shimada, Akiko Sakuraba, Kazuhisa Takahashi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

[Background]  Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), need to be carefully treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy because of high incidence of pulmonary toxicity. Pemetrexed (PEM) is one of the key cytotoxic drugs for advanced NSCLC. However, the safety, particularly the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD), and efficacy of PEM in NSCLC patients with IPF are unknown.  [Aim]  To investigate the safety and efficacy of PEM in NSCLC patients with IPF.  [Patients and Method]  The medical records of NSCLC patients with or without IPF and treated with PEM monotherapy (500mg/m 3 , every 3 weeks) were retrospectively reviewed.  [Result]  106 NSCLC patients were treated with PEM monotherapy at Juntendo University Hospital between April 2009 and January 2013. Among them, 11 patients were diagnosed as having IPF before treatment (designated as IPF group), and 95 patients were not diagnosed as having IPF before treatment (non-IPF group). 2 patients in IPF group and 1 patient in non-IPF group developed ILD during the treatment (18.1% vs 2.0%,  p = 0.007 ). The 2 patients in IPF group died due to ILD and judged as treatment related death. Median progression free survival was 7.4 weeks, and 15.5 weeks ( p=0.02 ) for IPF group and non-IPF group, respectively. The response, compliance, and toxicities excluded ILD were not significantly different between two groups.  [Conclusion]  Our results indicated that the incidence of PEM-related ILD was significantly higher in NSCLC patients with IPF than those with non-IPF. PEM must be carefully administered when treating NSCLC patients with IPF.
Sylvia Ann Marletta
Authors: B. J. M. B. Y. M. Marletta
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Sylvia Ann Marletta (nee Campopiano) was born in Bellshill, Lanarkshire. She was the first child of Frank Campopiano, an Italian settled in Shotts, who ran an ice cream business. Sylvia attended St Patrick’s primary school, Shotts, then Elmwood School for Girls, Bothwell, before going on to study medicine at the University of Edinburgh.

After house jobs and training in Edinburgh, she moved briefly into general practice in Shotts before focusing her medical career on geriatric medicine. She worked chiefly in Law Hospital and Roadmeetings Hospital, Carluke, and latterly in Hairmyres Hospital, East …
Towards the development of a bronchoscope with dedicated O2 channel
Authors: Christophe Dooms, Inge Muylle, Jonas Yserbyt, J. Galasse, Valérie Trosini-Desert, M. Bruyneel, Vincent Ninane
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction : Hypoxemia is a common complication during bronchoscopy under local anesthesia, which still occurs despite O2 supplementation.   Aim : We assessed whether O2 administered directly within the trachea (T) through the bronchoscope leads to better oxygenation than using nasal cannula (NC).   Methods : In 8 normal volunteers, we measured capillary blood PO2 (PcO2) at the ear lobe during bronchoscopy while O2 was administered at an increasing flow rate (breathing room air, O2 2 and 4 l/min) at the level of NC or T. The bronchoscope tip was positioned at mid-trachea. At each flow rate, PcO2 was measured after two minutes. Five minutes of air breathing separated NC from T period and their order was selected at random. The subjects were blinded to the route of O2 administration since compressed air at a similar flow was simultaneously administered through the other access.   Results : At 2 and 4 l/min O2, PcO2 was systematically and significantly higher during T than NC administration (repeated measure ANOVA, p   Conclusion : Tracheal administration of O2 leads to higher levels of PcO2 than the conventional NC route of administration and may become the preferred route provided the bronchoscope has a dedicated O2 channel.
Emergency small-bowel resection in a district general hospital
Authors: H Wegstapel, H M R Hoque, R W Hoile
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1998)

Small-bowel resection has been identified as a core surgical skill that all general surgical trainees must acquire. Most of these resections are performed by the unsupervised higher surgical trainee on call. Reviewing 51 small-bowel resections performed over a five-year period in a district general hospital we found that, although the operation carried a high mortality rate (18%) and a high morbidity rate (21%), these had less to do with the operative technique than with the nature of the underlying disease and the hazards of emergency surgery in general. We conclude that small-bowel resection per se is relatively safe and remains a good training procedure.
Primary peritoneal mesothelioma: How aggressive should we be?
Authors: D. M. Labow, D. G. Coit, D. Kelsen, J. Shia, S. Freeman, M. R. Weiser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4132 Background: Primary peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare disease with an unpredictable clinical course. This has led to a variety of treatment options, ranging from minimal debulking, debulking with adjuvant intraperitoneal (i.p.) chemotherapy to aggressive debulking with peritonectomy with hyperthermic intra-operative i.p. perfusion. It is unclear whether outcome is dependent on treatment, patient selection or tumor biology. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with primary peritoneal mesothelioma treated at a single institution between 1/1/82–1/1/02 was performed. Patient, tumor and treatment variables were reviewed. Results: Thirty-seven pts. with primary peritoneal mesothelioma were identified. Patients with pleural mesothelioma with peritoneal extension were excluded. Median follow-up was 49 months (range 3–97mos.) There were 15 male and 22 female pts. with a median age of 56 years. All pts. were explored with the pre-operative goal of maximal cytoreduction with minimal sacrifice of adjacent organs. Total peritonectomy was not performed. The adequacy of debulking was grouped into 5 categories ranging from 0–25% debulked (12 pts.), 26–50% (5 pts.), 51%–75% (1 pt.), 76%–99% (13 pts.) or complete (6 pts.) The overall complication rate was 30% with 3 post-operative deaths. Thirty pts. (81%) were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy: 18 pts. received only i.p. chemotherapy, 7 received both i.p. and i.v. chemotherapy and 5 received i.v. chemotherapy only (7 unknown). The most common i.p. regimen was combined cisplatin/mitomycin C (17 pts.) (Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1992, 118:547–50). The median overall survival was 58 months. Twenty-seven pts. felt relief of symptoms as manifest by decreased pain and/or decreased ascites. Optimally debulked (76–99% or complete) patients showed improved long-term survival as compared to those who were sub-optimally debulked (p<0.001). The addition of i.p. chemotherapy was also associated with significantly improved survival (p=0.009). Conclusions: Mesothelioma is a rare but lethal disease. Long-term survival can be realized in patients that undergo optimal debulking, without peritonectomy, and receive adjuvant i.p. chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Excellence in healthcare is celebrated in The BMJ Awards 2015
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Projects to reduce the rate of stillbirths in England, to identify the care that patients want at the end of their life, and to help deliver psychotherapy in general practices were all winners in The BMJ Awards 2015 last night.

The awards, sponsored by the Medical and Dental Defence Union of Scotland (MDDUS), took place at the Westminster Park Plaza Hotel, London. Other winners included a team that set out to improve the care pathway for patients with prostate cancer, another that focused on improving the quality of care of people with hip fracture, and a team that has transformed maternity care in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia by training health workers there.

The Lifetime Achievement award went to Doug Altman, the master statistician and author of the bestselling book Practical Statistics for Medical …
Interferon-induced mechanosensing defects impede apoptotic cell clearance in lupus
Authors: Hao Li, Yang-Xin Fu, Qi Wu, Yong Zhou, David K. Crossman, PingAr Yang, Jun Li, Bao Luo, Laurence M. Morel, Janusz H. Kabarowski, Hideo Yagita, Carl F. Ware, Hui-Chen Hsu, John D. Mountz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disease that is associated with increased circulating apoptotic cell autoantigens (AC-Ags) as well as increased type I IFN signaling. Here, we describe a pathogenic mechanism in which follicular translocation of marginal zone (MZ) B cells in the spleens of BXD2 lupus mice disrupts marginal zone macrophages (MZMs), which normally clear AC debris and prevent follicular entry of AC-Ags. Phagocytosis of ACs by splenic MZMs required the megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) transcriptional coactivator-mediated mechanosensing pathway, which was maintained by MZ B cells through expression of membrane lymphotoxin-α1β2 (mLT). Specifically, type I IFN-induced follicular shuttling of mLT-expressing MZ B cells disengaged interactions between these MZ B cells and LTβ receptor-expressing MZMs, thereby downregulating MKL1 in MZMs. Loss of MKL1 expression in MZMs led to defective F-actin polymerization, inability to clear ACs, and, eventually, MZM dissipation. Aggregation of plasmacytoid DCs in the splenic perifollicular region, follicular translocation of MZ B cells, and loss of MKL1 and MZMs were also observed in an additional murine lupus model and in the spleens of patients with SLE. Collectively, the results suggest that lupus might be interrupted by strategies that maintain or enhance mechanosensing signaling in the MZM barrier to prevent follicular entry of AC-Ags.