tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physicians' Committee for Benjamin Spock
Authors: J J Alpert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Poison Prevention Week, March 16–22, 1970, has once again been proclaimed by Govenor Sargent as a special week. Poisonings remain a small but important part of the epidemic of accidents that occur in this country. Poisoning continues largely to affect children under the age of five, but more and more, the problem of poisoning is complicated by the teen-ager and his exposure to drug abuse. Moreover, lead poisoning, instead of being a disappearing problem, continues to plague residents of core cities who live in housing built before World War II. In Massachusetts, the problem of poisoning is reflected by the . . .
Halt to microbicide trial sets back AIDS research
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Two phase III clinical trials of cellulose sulphate—a topical microbicide gel being tested for HIV prevention in women—have been halted because preliminary results showed that the compound increased rather than reduced the risk of HIV infection. 

The microbicide, a cotton based compound developed under the brand name Ushercell by Polydex Pharmaceuticals, based in Toronto, had shown initial promise and was being tested on 1333 women in South Africa, Benin, Uganda, and India. The study was sponsored by Conrad, a partnership of the Eastern Virginia Medical School and the US Agency for International Development, with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. 

Simultaneously, Family Health International halted a second phase III trial of Ushercell on 1800 women in Nigeria. …
Neurological Examination in Clinical Practice
Authors: Kenneth R. Magee
Journal: JAMA (1981)

When I received this text for review, I thought of disqualifying myself because of my close association with Dr Russell DeJong in the preparation of the last edition of his text on the neurological examination. However, I am very happy that I did not, because it was a pleasure to read this book. It is written in the clear style characteristic of the publications of Dr Bickerstaff. The text follows the standard procedures in evaluation of the CNS, but with a few interesting variations. For example, in part 1, there is a section on "first impressions"—clues that can lead to diagnosis before the formal examination has begun. Another unique feature is that the author has included at the end of most sections difficulties and fallacies in performing the examination. For example, under the section on extraocular movements, he points out that misleading results can come from expecting the eyes to
Abstract 4422: Methylcytosine topology: potential of a DNA landmark in pre-clinical epigenetic drug toxicology.
Authors: Jian Tajbakhsh
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cellular reprogramming through drug-based epigenetic intervention has become a novel approach in the treatment of complex diseases and in regenerative medicine towards reconstitution of normal cell, tissue and organ function. Within this context, non-specific and off-target global DNA demethylation — either directly induced by DNA demethylating drugs or indirectly caused by histone modifiers or any other agent with epigenetic consequences — could impact the cells’ DNA methylation pattern and lead to unwanted cryptic DNA methylation toxicity and carcinogenesis: by influencing chromatin conformation, genome organization, and cellular gene expression programs. The Translational Cytomics Group at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (Los Angeles) has developed 3D quantitative DNA Methylation Imaging (3D-qDMI), a non-disruptive image-cytometrical method that measures the differential load and spatial distribution of methylated cytosine (MeC) within individual nuclei of thousands of cells in a cell-by-cell fashion. Thus the technology has the additional capability of capturing cellular heterogeneity regarding global DNA methylation properties in response to drug exposure. Utilizing 3D-qDMI we are currently evaluating these topological parameters, which translate to differential DNA methylation phenotypes (MeC phenotypes), as potential chromatin signatures (textures) to be utilized in the characterization of cells during reprogramming, and for genotoxicity assessment of drugs. Citation Format: Jian Tajbakhsh. Methylcytosine topology: potential of a DNA landmark in pre-clinical epigenetic drug toxicology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4422. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4422
Poliomyelitis Component in Quadruple Antigen
Authors: Dale E. Bordt
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The immunologic effects of quadruple diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis aluminum phosphate adsorbed vaccine were compared with triple diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis aluminum phosphate adsorbed vaccine alone and poliomyelitis vaccine alone. A total of 192 children who had not been previously immunized with the respective antigens were studied. The poliomyelitis antibody responses were significantly greater with quadruple vaccine than with poliomyelitis vaccine alone. The diphtheria antibody responses were greater with quadruple vaccine than with triple vaccine. The antibody responses for tetanus and pertussis were essentially the same for both vaccines.
Chlorinated Insecticide Content of Human Body Fat in Southern England
Authors: C. G. Hunter, J. Robinson, A. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MEICAL JOURAL DiscussionThe results show that enavid in the recommended contraceptive dosage of 5 mg. a day might produce definite changes in the blood-coagulation system in the direction of "hypercoagulability."The number of women treated is small, but the change in coagulabilit is marked and uniform.TREATED I Enavid 64 Cephatintime 2.
Surgeons blame pressure from management for poor safety at Lincolnshire trust
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A patient died after a surgeon was pressurised into carrying out three radical procedures in a day as part of a lengthy list because of waiting time target pressures at United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, a leaked letter suggests.

The trust, one of 14 under investigation by the NHS’s medical director, Bruce Keogh, because of high mortality rates,1 is in the news after its former chief executive Gary Walker spoke of a “culture of fear.”2 Walker broke a gagging clause in the compromise agreement that he signed after he was forced out of his job in February 2010, accusing the …
Increased concentration of circulating calcitonin gene related peptide during normal human pregnancy.
Authors: J C Stevenson, D W Macdonald, R C Warren, M W Booker, M I Whitehead
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Calcitonin gene related peptide is an extremely potent vasoactive peptide that causes profound vasodilatation in man. Its distribution in perivascular nerves suggests that one of its functions may be the regulation of peripheral vascular tone. Pregnancy is a physiological condition in which there are major haemodynamic changes. An increase in plasma volume of about 40% necessitates changes in peripheral vascular tone. In a cross sectional study plasma concentrations of immunoreactive calcitonin gene related peptide were measured throughout normal pregnancy and at five to seven days post partum. Calcitonin gene related peptide concentrations were significantly increased throughout pregnancy but fell after delivery. Calcitonin gene related peptide may participate in the physiological regulation of vasomotor tone in man.
Screening for and prevention of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Elizabeth C Goyder
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Sperm cooperation has been observed in multiple species, yet its existence and benefit for reproductive success in mammals remains underexplored. Here, combining tissue-clearing with deep three-dimensional imaging, we demonstrate that postcopulatory mouse sperm congregate into unidirectional sperm cooperative clusters at the utero-tubal junction (UTJ), a key physical barrier for passage into the oviduct. Reducing sperm number in male mice by unilateral vasoligation or busulfan-treatment impairs sperm cluster formation and oviduct entry. Interestingly, sperm derived from <i>Tex101<sup>−/−</sup></i> mouse has normal number, motility and morphology, yet they cannot form sperm cluster and fail to pass through the UTJ, which is at least in part due to the altered tail beating pattern of the <i>Tex101<sup>−/−</sup></i> sperm. Moreover, <i>Tex101<sup>−/−</sup></i> sperm’s defect in oviduct entry cannot be rescued by the presence of wild-type (WT) sperm in the same uteri by sequential mating, suggesting sperm cooperative cluster as an essential behavior contributing to male fertility, which could be related to human infertility or subfertility.
Care of Pregnant Women Infected With HIV-Reply
Authors: Howard L. Minkoff
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —The social consequences of HIV infection can be as devastating as the medical consequences. That is quite often the case for women, whose access to treatment and research frequently has been circumscribed by gender or childbearing capacity. Participation in fetal HIV research, for example, still requires paternal consent even if maternal benefit could also derive from such participation. 1 In addition, for some years Public Health Service documents recommended that consideration of P carinii pneumonia prophylaxis with pentamidine be deferred until after pregnancy. 2 Although more recent documents do not mention that exclusion, neither do they specifically recommend treating pregnant women. The failure of several (7/16) women in the ASD project to receive needed prophylaxis suggests that the absence of proscription does not equal prescription and reinforces the authors' plea for HIV treatment guidelines to address treatment during pregnancy.  Although the treatment given to these women was not
Hypertension, TLR4 activation in brain and cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Jawahar L. Mehta, Zufeng Ding, Shijie Liu, Xianwei Wang, Magomed Khaidakov
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

This editorial refers to ‘Central blockade of TLR4 improves cardiac function and attenuates myocardial inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension’ by R.B. Dange et al. , pp. 17–27, this issue. 

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Fortunately, drug therapy along with dietary and lifestyle changes can reduce blood pressure and, therefore, the complications of hypertension in most individuals. On the other hand, untreated or uncontrolled hypertension leads to cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial ischaemia, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. Over the years, attempts have been made to understand the pathophysiology of hypertension. While the precise cause of hypertension in most of the patients is not known, there is emerging evidence for neuroendocrine activation and insulin resistance syndrome in hypertension.1 A connection between brain, especially perturbation within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the brain, and development of hypertension has been proposed.2 Brain–heart connection is also beginning to be recognized as a determinant of outcome after myocardial ischaemia.3 Furthermore, there is evidence for immune system activation in hypertension.4 Resulting inflammation along with neuroendocrine stimulation, especially the activation of renin–angiotensin system, may well play an important role in the pathogenesis …
What Additional Factors Beyond State-of-the-Art Analytical Methods Are Needed for Optimal Generation and Interpretation of Biomonitoring Data?
Authors: Antonia M. Calafat, Larry L. Needham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

The routine use of biomonitoring (i.e., measurement of environmental chemicals, their metabolites, or specific reaction products in human biological specimens) to assess internal exposure (i.e., body burden) has gained importance in exposure assessment.
The Profit in Losing a Nickel
Authors: GEORGE J. ELLIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Article1 November 1968The Profit in Losing a NickelGEORGE J. ELLIS III, M.D.GEORGE J. ELLIS III, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-69-5-991 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhen some of the residents were asked last summer what difference it made to have been exposed to Dr. Stead for just a few months, many answers were forthcoming. It was pointed out that on rounds he didn't teach or emphasize what a good intern or what a good resident might have. No one came away with a pat list of "the six most common causes" or the "best" therapeutic program. Each student and house officer who worked with him on Osler Ward learned something different. Usually, each one learned what he needed most at the time to handle a...Reference1. MENGEL CE: The profit in losing a nickel. JAMA 184: 230, 1963. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Durham, North CarolinaFrom the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N. C. 27706.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Capt. George J. Ellis, III, 05 319 856, MC, Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, Colo. 80240. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe importance of being interesting 1 November 1968Volume 69, Issue 5Page: 991-991 Issue Published: 1 November 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Ann Mary Herrick (nee Coggins)
Authors: R. Coggins
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Editor who raised the standards and status of the British Journal of Surgery; director of surgery in Bristol who tried to mediate as concerns about paediatric heart surgery emerged John Farndon, professor and head of surgery in Bristol, who died from a heart attack on 6 February, had a gift for medical editing and was an incisive referee.As editor of the British Journal of Surgery from 1992, he had an eye for the best material, putting together a good journal every month and moving it up the international league table until it was second only to Annals of Surgery.He chose papers that would be widely cited, increased the number of randomised controlled trials, and cut back on case reports.He was firm, fair, and strong minded.In January he stepped down as editor and was, as chairman of the British Journal of Surgery Society, to have furthered the journal's development.He wrote and edited textbooks on endocrine and breast surgery, operative surgery, and a guidebook for house surgeons.An excellent operating surgeon, his main interest was in his endocrine work, specialising in thyroid and parathyroid surgery.He improved the way in which patients with phaeochromocytoma were prepared for surgery by characterising the way in which these tumours released their hormones.He made important contributions to our understanding of the cellular biology of breast cancer, characterising those patients who would and would not respond to hormone therapy.
Effect of Choline upon Experimental Canine Arteriosclerosis
Authors: J. D. DAVIDSON, WALTER MEYER, F. E. KENDALL
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Studies have been made of the effect of excess dietary choline upon the arteriosclerosis produced in dogs by a regimen of cholesterol and thiouracil feeding. The choline-fed animals did not differ significantly from the control animals with respect to serum lipid levels, degree of lipid infiltration of their livers or severity of arteriosclerotic involvement.
Putting U.S. Health Care on the Right Track
Authors: Denis A. Cortese, Jeffrey O. Korsmo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Americans do not consistently receive high-value health care. Collectively, our country spends more on health care than any other nation, but our people do not receive the best outcomes, safety, service, or access in return. Although some organizations, regions, and states deliver high-quality, affordable care, many do not. It's time to make high-value health care the norm in the United States.To reach that goal, we must hold physicians and other providers accountable for providing high-value health care, defined in terms of both quality and cost: value=quality÷cost. In this equation, quality includes clinical outcomes, safety, and patient-reported satisfaction, and cost . . .
Impaired Glucose Tolerance is Normalized by Treatment With the Thiazolidinedione Troglitazone
Authors: Tammy Antonucci, Randall Whitcomb, Richard McLain, Dean Lockwood
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE The primary purpose of this study was to assess the effects of 12 weeks of treatment with either troglitazone, an investigational thiazolidinedione that acts as an insulin-action enhancer, or placebo in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 51 subjects with IGT between 24 and 77 years of age were enrolled in this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study (troglitazone, 25 patients; placebo, 26 patients). Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 400 mg troglitazone (every morning [QAM]) or placebo (QAM). The main outcome measure was the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) assessing glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels in the fasting state and every 30 min up to 2 h after ingesting the glucose load. Fasting serum levels of HbA1c, fructosamine, lipids, and blood pressure were also measured. RESULTS A total of 46 patients completed the study. The glucose, insulin, and C-peptide responses after a glucose load were significantly reduced at 6 and 12 weeks in the troglitazone treatment group. After 6 weeks of treatment, 75% (n = 18) of those taking troglitazone had improved to normal glucose tolerance, whereas only 38% (n = 9) of those of placebo showed improvement (P = 0.008). After 12 weeks of treatment, 80% (n = 16) of the troglitazone treatment group had normalized their glucose tolerance, while only 48% (n = 10) of those on placebo had converted to normal (P = 0.016). Fasting triglyceride levels in the troglitazone treatment group had decreased by 40 mg/dl (0.45 mmol/l) (P = 0.0016). Other lipid measurements, blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, and fructosamine were normal at baseline for both treatment groups and remained normal throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS The glycemic response after a glucose load is statistically and clinically significantly improved for patients with IGT treated with troglitazone.
PHOTOSENSITIVITY DUE TO CERTAIN DRUGS*
Authors: DANILO V. STEVANOVIĆ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article PHOTOSENSITIVITY DUE TO CERTAIN DRUGS Get access DANILO V. STEVANOVIĆ, M.D., M.Sc.(Cantab.). DANILO V. STEVANOVIĆ, M.D., M.Sc.(Cantab.). Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Belgrade Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 6, 1 June 1961, Pages 233–237, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14437.x Published: 01 June 1961
Surgical Treatment of Nephritis.
Authors: Harold A. Johnson.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

San Francisco, July 24, 1903. <i>To the Editor:</i>—I notice inThe Journal, July 4, an article by Dr. A. H. Ferguson on the above subject, in which he refers to my experimental work on decapsulation of the kidney (<i>Annals of Surgery</i>, April, 1903). I wish to call attention to two points in which he is in error in his criticism paper. He says: It must be observed that in these experiments the kidneys of the dogs were normal and did not require additional blood channels for physiologic purposes, and also the organs were returned within the fatty capsule, which is but sparsely supplied with blood vessels true It is true that the kidneys were normal, but it is also true that in two experiments, Nos. 4 and 6, an additional supply of blood was demanded; in the first instance by the renal artery of one kidney after decapsulation of the
Administration of IFN-α Enhances the Efficacy of a Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor–Secreting Tumor Cell Vaccine
Authors: Rodney A. Prell, Betty Li, Jian Min Lin, Melinda VanRoey, Karin Jooss
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

IFN-alpha is approved for the treatment of multiple cancers. Its pleiotropic properties include inhibition of proliferation and angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis. Type I IFNs also exert immunomodulatory effects, which make it an appropriate candidate to combine with cancer vaccines. The studies reported herein show that 50% of mice reject established B16 tumors following treatment with the combination of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting tumor cell vaccine (B16.GM) and subclinical doses of recombinant murine IFN-alpha delivered at the vaccine site. Similarly, 80% of mice treated with the combination reject established B16 tumors when recombinant murine IFN-alpha is given at the challenge site, suggesting that in the latter case its antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic properties may be involved in controlling tumor growth. In contrast, fewer than 10% of mice reject the tumors when either one is used as a monotherapy. Furthermore, a 30-fold increase in the frequency of melanoma-associated antigen (Trp-2 and gp100) specific T cells was observed in mice treated with the combination when compared with unvaccinated controls. These data show that IFN-alpha combined with a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting tumor cell vaccine significantly enhances vaccine potency and may represent a potential new approach for tumor immunotherapy.
Herpes Zoster Mimicking Recurrence of Lymphoma on PET/CT
Authors: Judith M. Joyce, Tim Carlos
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Herpes zoster is a relatively common disease characterized by the eruption of vesicles in a dermatomal distribution. It is postulated to occur when the cell-mediated immunity falls below a critical level, allowing dormant virus to replicate and infect the host. Herpes zoster is known to occur more frequently in immunocompromised groups such as oncology patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation. Patients after stem cell transplant have also been reported to be predisposed to herpes virus infection. F-18-FDG PET is widely used in oncology imaging to determine the presence of metabolic activity in certain malignancies, including lymphoma. However, inflammatory cells can also have high metabolic activity and display avid uptake of FDG. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing the possibility of an inflammatory process such as herpes zoster occurring on PET/CT imaging in an oncology patient being evaluated for malignant disease.