tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The changing faces of acne
Authors: B. Dréno
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Funding sources This work was supported by an unrestricted grant from Pierre Fabre Dermo‐Cosmétique, France. Conflicts of interest: B.D. has received honoraria from the following companies: Pierre Fabre Dermo‐Cosmétique, La Roche‐Posay, Galderma SA and Meda AB. Acne is one of the most common skin complaints in the world. It can affect people of all ages, but it is most common in prepubescent teenagers. Acne tends to be more prevalent, and more severe, in male teenagers, but more frequent and persistent in the adult female population.1 2 More and more is now understood about the exact causes of acne, and among them, hormones, diet, lifestyle and genetic factors are thought to play roles. The spectrum of acne is broad, and presentation varies from mild acne (small collections of comedones with a small proportion of papules and pustules) to moderate acne (larger numbers of lesions with a greater proportion of papules and pustules) and even to severe acne (where, in addition to large numbers of papules and pustules, large, painful nodules and cysts are also present).2 While acne is most common on the face, lesions may also be found on the forehead, chest, upper back and deltoid areas. Severe acne on the upper back and chest can be aggravated by sweating during exercise and by the wearing of overly tight clothing.
Abstract 15329: Allogeneic Mesenchymal Precursor Cells Preserve Cardiac Function Following Intracoronary Infusion in a Sheep Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jaco H Houtgraaf, Renate de Jong, Imo Hoefer, Gerard Pasterkamp, Patrick W Serruys, Henricus J Duckers
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background Mesenchymal precursor cells (MPC) are cells that exerted cardio-protective, anti-remodeling, and pro-angiogenic actions in pre-clinical models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). They ...
Sensors: Surface Tension Triggered Wetting and Point of Care Sensor Design (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 11/2015)
Authors: Eric J. Falde, Stefan T. Yohe, Mark W. Grinstaff
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Rapid, simple, and inexpensive point-of-care (POC) medical tests are of significant need around the world. The transition between nonwetting and wetted states is used on page 1654 by M. W. Grinstaff and co-workers to create instrument-free surface tension sensors for POC diagnosis, using a layered electrospun mesh with incorporated dye to change color upon wetting.
A non-invasive LPG (long-period grating) fiber-optic sensing method for respiratory volume monitoring
Authors: Miodrag Vukcevic, Bosko Bojovic, Marija Petrovic, Jovana Petrovic, Aleksandar Danicic, Goran Simic, Ljupco Hadzievski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: In the NIV setting, the monitoring of respiratory function is essential. Since leaks around the mask are inevitable, ventilators give only an estimate of Vt (tidal volume) and MV (minute volume); blood gas assessment is regarded “gold standard” monitoring of respiratory function, usually taken at 1 and 4 hours after NIV start. Observation of chest expansion is recommended for monitoring in real time, a clearly indirect and only subjective assessment of respiratory function.  Aims: To assess quality of LPG sensors measurements of tidal and minute volumes in healthy volunteers, and evaluate the hypothesis that respiratory volumes are proportional to torso curvature measured at one torso point.  Methods: Silicon rubber encapsulated LPG sensor patches were used for volume measurements. A self-adhesive sensor (1.4x6cm) was attached to subject’s lower ribs. All measurements lasted 60 sec, with subjects in supine position and an ultrasound type spirometer used as a gold standard reference.  Results: Measurements were done in 21 healthy volunteers (10 female, 11 male). In 1 minute quiet breathing (Vt: 539±102 ml), LPG sensor to spirometer difference in MV was 6.45±4.51% (0.65±0.49 L/min), and difference in Vt was 9.55±3.92% (56±26 ml).  Conclusions: LPG sensors provide a promising tool for measuring Vt and MV in real time with good accuracy, independent of mask air leaks. This will enable monitoring of ventilation parameters in NIV that will improve ventilator setting, and thus reduce morbidity and need for intubation.
Dendritic Spine Pathology in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Jochen Herms, Mario M. Dorostkar
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2016)

Substantial progress has been made toward understanding the neuropathology, genetic origins, and epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease; tauopathies, such as frontotemporal dementia; α-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies; Huntington's disease; and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia, as well as prion diseases. Recent evidence has implicated dendritic spine dysfunction as an important substrate of the pathogenesis of dementia in these disorders. Dendritic spines are specialized structures, extending from the neuronal processes, on which excitatory synaptic contacts are formed, and the loss of dendritic spines correlates with the loss of synaptic function. We review the literature that has implicated direct or indirect structural alterations at dendritic spines in the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on those that lead to dementias such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, as well as frontotemporal dementia and prion diseases. We stress the importance of in vivo studies in animal models.
Control of Local Tumor Growth With Combined Fractionated Radiotherapeutic and Chemotherapeutic Regimens2
Authors: Lawrence Poulakos, Larry L. Schenken, Ronald F. Hagemann, Dennis R. Burholt, S. Lesher
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

A treatment concept for the control of alcol tumor growth utilized weekday radiotherapy and weekend chemotherapy. Mice were given sc injections of P815X2 mastocytoma cells on the lower back (day 0) and separated into the following treatment groups: 5-day jweek X-irradiation, adriamycin alone at either 5 mgjkg body wt (days 6 and 13) or 2 mgjkg (days 5, 12, and 19), and combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Untreated controls had a mean tumor volume of 2.77 cm3 and a mean survival time of 24 days. Adriamycin alone at 5 mgjkg resulted in an eventual tumor volume of 70% of the control value at death, whereas at 2 mgjkg the tumor volume was 60% of control. After radiotherapy only, tumor size was 52% of control. Irradiation plus either 5 or 2 mg drug per kg body wt resulted in tumor volumes of 23 and 30%, respectively, of control values. Although no treatment regimen prolonged survival, the marked reduction in local tumor growth with combination therapy indicates that it may be a useful concept in future cancer therapy.
Capsaicin sensitivity in patients with chronic refractory unexplained cough
Authors: Ewa Ternesten Hasséus, Eva Millqvist
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: When known causes for cough are excluded there still remains a group of patients with persistent coughing. They can be described as having chronic refractory unexplained cough. Sensory hyperreactivity (SHR) is one suggested explanation to cough and other airway symptoms induced by chemicals and scents. The patients can be identified using a capsaicin inhalation test.

The aim was to analyze capsaicin sensitivity in a group of patients with chronic refractory unexplained cough. Further we wanted to evaluate a cough specific questionnaire.

Method: From an earlier cross sectional study in patients with chronic cough, 41 patients without chemical sensitivity (non sensitive group) and 35 patients with chemical sensitivity (sensitive group) were invited. The participants underwent a capsaicin inhalation test, and answered the Swedish version of Hull Airway Questionnaire (HARQ). A cut off limit of ≤ 13 score has been suggested as normal.

Results: 15 patients in the non sensitive group and 30 in the sensitive group participated. The reason for not participating was in the non sensitive group: recovery ( n =19), would not ( n =7) and in the sensitive group: problems to be away from work ( n =5). Capsaicin induced significantly more cough and other airway symptoms in the sensitive group compared to the non sensitive group (p < 0.05). Mean total HARQ score was 18 in both groups.

Conclusions: Chemically induced airway symptoms in chronic refractory unexplained cough, seems to be a prognostic factor that can cause prolonged symptoms. SHR is a possible explanation for this sub-group of cough patients. The HARQ questionnaire has a good ability to identify patients who for various reasons have chronic cough.
Phase I trial of intramuscularly administered tumor necrosis factor in patients with advanced cancer.
Authors: A A Jakubowski, E S Casper, J L Gabrilove, M A Templeton, S A Sherwin, H F Oettgen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

A phase I trial of intramuscularly administered recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) was conducted in 19 adult patients with advanced solid tumors. The agent was administered daily for up to five consecutive days every other week for two to four courses. Doses of rTNF ranged from 5 to 200 micrograms/m2/d. Dose-limiting toxicities were encountered at doses greater than 100 micrograms/m2/d. Toxicities included tenderness, erythema and induration at the site of injection, fatigue, fever, chills, headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Moderate to marked reductions in WBC and platelet counts were observed regularly at the highest dose levels, but none were clinically significant. Hepatic enzyme elevation was seen frequently, and two patients developed hyperbilirubinemia. Only one of seven patients treated with doses greater than 100 micrograms/m2/d completed the planned course of therapy. Even at the highest dose levels, serum concentrations of rTNF could only rarely be detected in the serum. No therapeutic responses were observed. The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of rTNF in this trial was 150 micrograms/m2/d, administered for two courses.
Spontaneous pheumothorax and Marfanoid phenotype
Authors: Vershinina Maria, Govorova Svetlana, Nechaeva Galina
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

It well-known that the spontaneous pheumothorax (SP) and apical bulls are diagnostic criteria of a Marfan syndrome. However the Marfan syndrome is a rare pathology, and the SP at tall and thin young men meets very often. For the purpose search of features of a Marfan syndrome has been surveyed 270 patients with a primary SP. Among patients men (n=248) prevailed, middle age of patients has made 24 years.  We have analysed major and minor criterions of the Marfan syndrome in the skeletal system, ocular system, cardiovascular system, skin and integument and dura. Sceletal major criterion met most often. Anterior chest deformity have been diagnosed for 14 patients, at 33 patients isnted reduced upper-segment to lower-segment ratio or arm span to height ratio more 1.05, at 62 patients were wrist and thumb signs. Scoliosis or spondylolisthesis have been taped at 45 patients. Medial displacement of the medial malleolus, causing pes planus were observed at 28 patients. Sceletal minor criteria and their combinations have been diagnosed for 112 patients. Dilatation of the ascending aorta and other are not diagnosed in one case. However such minor criteria as mitral valve prolapse has been diagnosed for 125 patients. Skin and integument criterion have been diagnosed for 38 patients. Ocular and dura criterion met seldom. The combination of criteria has not allowed to diagnose Marfan syndrome at one patient, however allows to speak about presence Marfanoid phenotype at the patients with a SP.The finding of a strong association of SP with Marfanoid phenotype suggests that in many patients may be a manifestation of a systemic abnormality of connective tissue.
Significance of HER2/neu overexpression in pure ductal carcinoma in situ: A clinicopathologic study with long-term follow-up.
Authors: Zeina Al-Mansour, Thomas Stockl, Ashraf Khan, Richard Horner, Ediz Cosar, Chung-Cheng Hsieh, Dina Kandil
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

85 Background: The prognostic value of HER2 (c-ERB2) overexpression in invasive breast cancer is well known, and correlates with aggressivene behavior. HER2 overexpression was reported in 13-56% of ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS). The significance of HER2 overexpression in DCIS has yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to correlate HER2 status with known prognostic indicators of DCIS and to evaluate whether the HER2 overexpression correlates with disease recurrence. Methods: All cases of DCIS diagnosed at our institution between 2000 and 2005 were retrieved. Cases without follow-up, those treated with mastectomy or those with concurrent invasive component were excluded. Clinicopathologic data were collected, including age at time of diagnosis, size of the lesion, nuclear grade, presence of comedo necrosis, margin status, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status, type of adjuvant treatment received and length of follow-up. A representative block from each case was immunostained using the Hercept test. Slides were reviewed by 2 pathologists and interpreted in accordance with ASCO/CAP guidelines. Equivocal cases were reflexed for FISH testing. Results: A total of 152 cases were examined. Mean follow-up period was 77 months (range 12 to 138 months). HER2 was overexpressed in 49 cases (33%), and was significantly associated with high nuclear grade and presence of comedo necrosis. HER2-positive patients were more likely to be ER and PR negative. HER2 positive and negative patients did not differ significantly with respect to age at presentation or size of DCIS. On univariate analysis, HER2-type DCIS showed a higher risk of recurrence (P=0.037), however, this trend did not reach statistical signifance on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: HER2 overexpression was found to be associated with high nuclear grade, comedo necrosis as well as negativity for ER and PR but not with age or the size of DCIS. Patients with HER2-type DCIS (ER/PR-, HER2+) had a higher risk of disease recurrence than other types. However, after adjusting for all the other clinical variables, the molecular phenotype did not withhold its statistical significance as an independent predictor for recurrence.
Public Health Implications of Marek's Disease Virus and Herpesvirus of Turkeys. Studies on Human and Subhuman Primates
Authors: J. M. Sharma, R. L. Witter, B. R. Burmester, J. C. Landon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Cynomolgus, rhesus, and bonnet monkeysinoculated with high doses of herpes-virus of turkeys (HVT) or pathogenic Marek's disease virus (MDV) were observed for 11–31 months. None developed detectable viremia, hematologicabnormalities, or clinical disease. Sera from 3 of 12 monkeys inoculated with HVT reacted against HVT antigen in an immunofluorescence (IF) test, whereas all 8 MDV-inoculated monkeys remained negative. Approximately 15 months after initial inoculation, 1 reactor and 1 nonreactor monkey from the HVT-inoculated group were given a second injection of cell-associated HVT propagated in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells. One reactor and 1 nonreactor from the same group received normal DEF cells. Virus-inoculated animals developed IF reactions against HVT, but the 2 animals inoculated with normal DEF cells remained negative. Sera from people in 7 different categories, including those with prolonged contact with HVT and MDV, were tested by IF test for HVT and MDV antibody. Of approximately 200 sera, 8% had IF reactions. There was no apparent correlation between the extent of contact with the 2 viruses and the incidence of IF reaction. Of 25 sera from Burkitt's lymphoma patients, 1 serum had a weak (1:5) reaction against MDV antigen. Human and monkey sera positive by the IF test lacked specific virus neutralizing activity. The significance of IF reaction, therefore, remained unclear. These data supported earlier findings and provided additional circumstantial evidence that MDV and HVT do not constitute a public health hazard.
HANAC Syndrome Col4a1 Mutation Causes Neonate Glomerular Hyperpermeability and Adult Glomerulocystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhiyong Chen, Tiffany Migeon, Marie-Christine Verpont, Mohamad Zaidan, Yoshikazu Sado, Dontscho Kerjaschki, Pierre Ronco, Emmanuelle Plaisier
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Hereditary angiopathy, nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps (HANAC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in COL4A1 that encodes the α1 chain of collagen IV, a major component of basement membranes. Patients present with cerebral small vessel disease, retinal tortuosity, muscle cramps, and kidney disease consisting of multiple renal cysts, chronic kidney failure, and sometimes hematuria. Mutations producing HANAC syndrome localize within the integrin binding site containing CB3[IV] fragment of the COL4A1 protein. To investigate the pathophysiology of HANAC syndrome, we generated mice harboring the Col4a1 p.Gly498Val mutation identified in a family with the syndrome. Col4a1 G498V mutation resulted in delayed glomerulogenesis and podocyte differentiation without reduction of nephron number, causing albuminuria and hematuria in newborns. The glomerular defects resolved within the first month, but glomerular cysts developed in 3-month-old mutant mice. Abnormal structure of Bowman’s capsule was associated with metalloproteinase induction and activation of the glomerular parietal epithelial cells that abnormally expressed CD44, α-SMA, ILK, and DDR1. Inflammatory infiltrates were observed around glomeruli and arterioles. Homozygous Col4a1 G498V mutant mice additionally showed dysmorphic papillae and urinary concentration defects. These results reveal a developmental role for the α1α1α2 collagen IV molecule in the embryonic glomerular basement membrane, affecting podocyte differentiation. The observed association between molecular alteration of the collagenous network in Bowman’s capsule of the mature kidney and activation of parietal epithelial cells, matrix remodeling, and inflammation may account for glomerular cyst development and CKD in patients with COL4A1-related disorders.
The Project on Death in America
Authors: Felicity Aulino, Kathleen Foley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

From its inception in July of 1994 to the present, the Project on Death in America (PDIA) has provided funding for individuals and institutions to address, through research and model systems of care, the barriers to appropriate compassionate care of the dying. The major medical, social and economic impediments include: changes in the trajectory of dying, exemplified by large numbers of patients living for months or years after diagnosis of incurable diseases such as cancer and AIDS; the increasing age of the population; high-technology medical support systems for patients with respiratory and cardiac failure; the greater emphasis on patient autonomy, along with the concerted shift from societal to individual rights; and the limitations in healthcare resources, particularly for patients with chronic medical illness.

The mission of PDIA is to understand and transform the culture and experience of dying through initiatives in research and scholarship, the arts and humanities, through innovations in provision of care, through public and professional education and through public policy [www.soros.org/death]. PDIA is a programme of the Open Society Institute, a non-profit foundation created by George Soros to support the development of open societies worldwide [www.soros.org]. Mr Soros established the project because of his own experiences with the death of his parents. PDIA has committed $35 million over the past 7 years and another $15 million will be granted in the next 2 years to help build capacity and institutionalize palliative care.

PDIA has created and funded a Faculty Scholars Program, a Social Work Leaders Program and a nursing leadership summit and consortium. It has also funded a broadly based grants programme, and through a series of special initiatives has attempted to focus attention on the needs of vulnerable populations—with special attention to children, prisoners, minorities and the elderly.
Introducing the clinical trials monitor: a new section of the journal for immunotherapy of cancer
Authors: Leisha A. Emens, Pedro Romero
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Since its inception, the Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer (JITC) has focused on all aspects of tumor immunology and cancer immunotherapy from bench to bedside. Clinical advances in immuno-oncology are accelerating, with an increasing number of approved drugs that specifically target the immune
Dyad practice; an efficient training method for learning bronchoschopy skills
Authors: Anne Sofie Bjerrum, Berit Eika, Peder Charles, Ole Hilberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction  Simulation-based bronchoscopy training has become an integrated part of bronchoscopy skills learning. However, effective training methods are needed, as instructor resources are limited. A training method shown to be effective for learning basic motor skills is dyad practice (two participants alternate between physical and observational practice, undertaking only half of the training physically compared to individual training). This training method may be effective also for complex skills learning, like bronchoscopy.  Methods  36 medical students were randomly assigned to individual practice or dyad practice. They practised on ten bronchoscopy simulation cases individually or in dyads. Assessment of bronchoscopy simulation skills was performed prior to training (pre-test), immediately after training (post-test) and three weeks after training (retention test) with previously validated bronchoscopy simulator metrics.  Results  A significant main effect of test was found for all measures (for the primary outcome measure “Percent bronchial segments entered per minute”; (F(2,67)= 109.24, p  Conclusion  Dyad practice and individual practice was equally effective for learning bronchoscopy skills through simulation training. However, dyad practice was more efficient than individual practice as two participants practising in dyads learned as much as one individually practicing participant without increasing instructor resources or time scheduled for training.
Brain endothelial TAK1 and NEMO safeguard the neurovascular unit
Authors: Dirk A. Ridder, Jan Wenzel, Kristin Müller, Kathrin Töllner, Xin-Kang Tong, Julian C. Assmann, Stijn Stroobants, Tobias Weber, Cristina Niturad, Lisanne Fischer, Beate Lembrich, Hartwig Wolburg, Marilyn Grand’Maison, Panayiota Papadopoulos, Eva Korpos, Francois Truchetet, Dirk Rades, Lydia M. Sorokin, Marc Schmidt-Supprian, Barry J. Bedell, Manolis Pasparakis, Detlef Balschun, Rudi D’Hooge, Wolfgang Löscher, Edith Hamel, Markus Schwaninger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

Inactivating mutations of the NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), a key component of NF-κB signaling, cause the genetic disease incontinentia pigmenti (IP). This leads to severe neurological symptoms, but the mechanisms underlying brain involvement were unclear. Here, we show that selectively deleting Nemo or the upstream kinase Tak1 in brain endothelial cells resulted in death of endothelial cells, a rarefaction of brain microvessels, cerebral hypoperfusion, a disrupted blood–brain barrier (BBB), and epileptic seizures. TAK1 and NEMO protected the BBB by activating the transcription factor NF-κB and stabilizing the tight junction protein occludin. They also prevented brain endothelial cell death in a NF-κB–independent manner by reducing oxidative damage. Our data identify crucial functions of inflammatory TAK1–NEMO signaling in protecting the brain endothelium and maintaining normal brain function, thus explaining the neurological symptoms associated with IP.