tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doctor's Orders
Authors: Brian W. Blakley
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The thought-provoking editorial on doctor's orders by Dr Veatch<sup>1</sup>deserves comment. Dr Veatch questions the propriety of the term "doctor's orders" in a society "moving toward a consensual or covenantal model in which the patient makes choices." Dr Veatch is apparently particularly offended that "do not resuscitate" orders that come from the patient or family are not identified as such. He wonders why the approach of business professionals is not adopted in the health care field. Of course, the rules in the business community are different from those we face in health care. Commercial enterprises are created by human beings; the forces acting upon them are decided upon by human beings, and success or failure is determined by human beings. The major measure of success in business is profit. This may involve a product that is cheaper rather than better and may be sold with better
Hepatic biliary lipid secretion and gall bladder biliary lipid mass in gall stone patients: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid.
Authors: A Lanzini, T C Northfield
Journal: Gut (1990)

We have carried out overnight measurements of hepatic secretion rate and duodenal output of biliary lipids using a duodenal perfusion technique. We correlated these measurements with the fasting state mass of biliary lipids within the gall bladder on the following morning using a combined nasoduodenal intubation and isotope scanning technique. We studied six gall stone subjects before and during treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid 675 mg/day. Lipid mass within the gall bladder correlated with the corresponding overnight hepatic secretion rate for all three biliary lipids. During ursodeoxycholic acid treatment, there was an increase in gall bladder bile acid mass without significant change in cholesterol or phospholipid mass. We conclude that the mass of individual biliary lipids within the fasting gall bladder is influenced by overnight hepatic biliary lipid secretion rate; and that the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (675 mg/day) on cholesterol saturation index of fasting gall bladder bile is mediated via an increase in bile acid mass rather than through a decrease in cholesterol mass within the gall bladder.
A Small Polypoid Lesion in the Lower Common Bile Duct: a Case Study
Authors: T. Ezaki, T. Okamura, Y. Yoshida, M. Kitamura, A. Furuta, J. Haratake, T. Shirakusa
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

See also: Another Inflammatory Bile Duct PolypEndoscopy 1996; 28(03): 330-330DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1005474
Effects of Ticrynafen on Hepatic Excretory Function in the Isolated Perfused Rat Liver
Authors: Hyman J. Zimmerman, Charles O. Abernathy, Lorinc Lukacs, Mildred Ezekiel
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

Ticrynafen, a uricosuric diuretic agent which causes hepatocellular injury in man as an apparent idiosyncratic reaction, was found to impair the function of the isolated perfused rat liver. At concentrations in the perfusate equivalent to those produced in the blood of man by therapeutic doses, the drug led to a striking reduction in bile flow and sulfobromophthalein excretion and release of aspartate aminotransferase into the perfusate. These adverse effects were enhanced by treatment of rats with phenobarbital prior to removal of the liver, indicating that the adverse effect of ticrynafen is probably caused by a metabolite produced in the cytochrome P-450 system.
Crystalline silica: risks and policy.
Authors: T S Hardy, H Weill
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Since the International Agency for Research on Cancer labeled crystalline silica a probable carcinogen in 1988, government regulations have required sand and other products to contain warning labels and researchers have attempted to quantitatively assess low-exposure risks. The uncertainties are unlikely to diminish any time soon, and little value exists in calculating such risks, as low exposures to this ubiquitous mineral are commonplace in both urban and rural areas due to many uncontrollable activities. What is certain is that regulatory resources targeted at continuing high-level occupational exposures would be much more likely to have beneficial public health consequences than continued attempts to assess low-exposure risks quantitatively.
The Renal Excretion of Bilirubin in Man.
Authors: Milford Fulop
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965The Renal Excretion of Bilirubin in Man.Milford Fulop, M.D., John Sandson, M.D., Paul Brazeau, Ph.D.Milford Fulop, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John Sandson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Paul Brazeau, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-910_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPlasma conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin were both believed to be completely protein-bound and hence unavailable for renal glomerular filtration. Our studies in dogs with ligated common bile ducts, however, suggested that glomerular filtration was the predominant mechanism of renal excretion of conjugated bilirubin. The binding of bilirubin to plasma proteins was therefore reexamined. Unconjugated bilirubin was not dialyzable from plasma. Dialysis of conjugated hyperbilirubinemic plasma did yield a small fraction of dialyzable bilirubin, sufficient to account for its renal excretion by glomerular filtration. This dialyzable plasma fraction increased in jaundiced patients who developed renal insufficiency. Paper electrophoresis of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemic... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Milford Fulop, M.D.; John Sandson, M.D.; Paul Brazeau, Ph.D.Affiliations: Bronx, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5 Page: 910-910 Keywords Bile ducts Bilirubin Blood plasma Excretion Medical dialysis Paper electrophoresis Plasma proteins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
One Decade of Development and Evolution of MicroRNA Target Prediction Algorithms
Authors: Paula H. Reyes∼Herrera, Elisa Ficarra
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Abstract Nearly two decades have passed since the publication of the first study reporting the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs). The key role of miRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation led to the performance of an increasing number of studies focusing on origins, mechanisms of action and functionality of miRNAs. In order to associate each miRNA to a specific functionality it is essential to unveil the rules that govern miRNA action. Despite the fact that there has been significant improvement exposing structural characteristics of the miRNA–mRNA interaction, the entire physical mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this respect, the development of computational algorithms for miRNA target prediction becomes increasingly important. This manuscript summarizes the research done on miRNA target prediction. It describes the experimental data currently available and used in the field and presents three lines of computational approaches for target prediction. Finally, the authors put forward a number of considerations regarding current challenges and future directions.
A difficult question
Authors: Sandeep Goyal
Journal: BMJ (2005)

a woman's breast cancer risk quickly returns almost to 1.0. 2 Therefore, a woman's cumulative absolute breast cancer risk returns to that of the population once treatment stops.The data on use of hormone replacement therapy from the Australian health survey questionnaire are similar to those reported in UK, US, and European surveys. 22-24Although the survey did not identify the type of hormone replacement therapy used, other studies estimate one half of Australian, European, or American women taking hormone replacement therapy are taking combined preparations. 2 20 21 25-27
Fibrosis, lipids, and calcium in human atherosclerotic plaque. In vitro differentiation from normal aortic walls by ultrasonic attenuation.
Authors: E Picano, L Landini, A Distante, A Benassi, R Sarnelli, A L'Abbate
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

This study was designed to determine whether attenuation of ultrasound by the aortic wall is potentially useful in characterizing the atherosclerotic lesion. Measurements were made on fresh specimens taken from a human aorta at autopsy. Four hundred different sites, 4 mm in diameter each, corresponding to the dimension of the ultrasonic beam at the focal zone, were ultrasonically analyzed and histologically studied. Attenuation of ultrasound in each site was assessed by Fourier analysis of the echo produced by a specular reflector placed behind the specimen. Two parameters were measured over the range 7-11 MHz: the integrated attenuation index (per cm), and slope (per cm per MHz) of the best fit straight line relating attenuation and frequency. Histological examination--performed for each of the 400 sites where attenuation had been measured--identified four subsets (100 samples each): normal aortic walls, fibrous plaques, fibrofatty plaques, and calcified plaques. Results obtained from ultrasonic and histological analyses showed that the integrated attenuation index was lowest in normal walls (24 +/- 2.1, mean +/- SE) and progressively increased in fibrous (32 +/- 3.1), fibrofatty (82 +/- 6.5), and calcific (185 +/- 8.7) subsets (all intergroup differences were significant, except for the normal vs. fibrous comparison). The slope value was significantly lower in the fibrous than in the normal subsets: (10(-3)) 31.9 +/- 4.5 vs. (10(-3)) 99.5 +/- 9.1, respectively. Values of fibrofatty and calcific plaques overlapped: (10(-3)) 383 +/- 21 vs. (10(-3)) 320 +/- 23, respectively. Both were significantly different from normal and fibrous groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kinds of monsters
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

When I was a small boy I picked every last bud from the red peony bushes in the garden and presented them to my father. “Look, Daddy,” I said. “Cherries.” I was beaten with a bamboo cane for my conscientiousness, but I have not held it against peonies.

I was reminded of this incident by the beginning of Stephen Crane’s novella The Monster , published in 1897. Crane (1871-1900) is mostly remembered for his novel about the US civil war, The Red Badge of Courage .

The Monster takes place in a small town called Whilomville. At the beginning of the story, Dr Trescott’s little …
Pemetrexed Plus Cisplatin or Pemetrexed Plus Carboplatin for Chemonaïve Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Results of the International Expanded Access Program
Authors: Armando Santoro, Mary E. O'Brien, Rolf A. Stahel, Kristiaan Nackaerts, Paul Baas, Meinolf Karthaus, Wilfried Eberhardt, Luis Paz-Ares, Stein Sundstrom, Yushan Liu, Veronique Ripoche, Johannes Blatter, Carla M. Visseren-Grul, Christian Manegold
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
827 EXPERIMENTAL HCV VACCINE COMBINING ADENOVIRUS AND PROTEIN ELICITS POTENT T-CELL RESPONSES AND NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES IN RODENTS
Authors: A. Chmielewska, M. Naddeo, V. Ammendola, K. Hu, L. Verhoye, R. Rappuoli, S. Colloca, A. Nicosia, R. Cortese, G. Leroux-Roels, P. Meuleman, K. Bienkowska-Szewczyk, P. Balfe, J.A. McKeating, A. Folgori
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
IgG4-related disease in pulmonary arterial hypertension on long-term epoprostenol treatment
Authors: Yuichiro Shirai, Yuichi Tamura, Hidekata Yasuoka, Toru Satoh, Masataka Kuwana
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recently described systemic fibro-inflammatory condition characterised by tumefactive lesions and dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells [1]. IgG4-RD has been described in a variety of organ systems, including the lacrimal gland, salivary gland, lungs, pancreas and kidneys, and often responds favourably to corticosteroids. The pathophysiological mechanisms for IgG4-RD remain unclear, but type 2 T-helper (Th2) cells are thought to play a critical role [2, 3]. We recently encountered a patient who developed IgG4-RD during the course of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). After this experience, we carefully examined PAH patients for IgG4-RD and found four additional cases.

The index case patient was a 19-year-old female who presented with progressive exertional dyspnoea corresponding to World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC) II in March 2000. She was referred to Keio University Hospital (Tokyo, Japan), where complete pulmonary hypertension (PH) evaluations were conducted. Right heart catheterisation revealed an elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) of 67 mmHg and a normal pulmonary arterial wedge pressure of 7 mmHg. There was no condition or underlying disease that accounted for her PH, leading to the diagnosis of idiopathic PAH. She was initially treated with warfarin and nifedipine, and an oral prostacyclin analogue, beraprost, was added in January 2002. 1 year later, her dyspnoea had deteriorated (to WHO-FC III), with marked elevation of the mPAP (to 95 mmHg). Beraprost was replaced by epoprostenol, and the dosage was gradually increased to 57 ng·kg−1·min−1, resulting in improved symptoms and haemodynamic parameters (mPAP 47 mmHg).

In January 2007, the patient developed chronic sinusitis. Simultaneously, she noticed a gradual enlargement of bilateral lacrimal, parotid and submandibular glands, and of minor salivary glands of the lips, in conjunction with intermittent upper abdominal pain …
THE EFFECT OF INDUCED CHRONIC VIRAL INFECTIONS ON THE IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASES OF NEW ZEALAND MICE
Authors: Giorgio Tonietti, Michael B. A. Oldstone, Frank J. Dixon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Chronic infections induced at birth with either LCM, an RNA virus, or polyoma, a DNA virus, in NZB, NZW, and NZB x W mice enhance ANA formation, aggravate the immune complex glomerulonephritis, and increase the associated mortality. The ANA titer was increased without apparent change in specificity of the antibodies involved in all three types of mice. Glomerulonephritis, while more severe in infected mice, was of the same type as occurred spontaneously and was characterized by a granular to lumpy accumulation of host IgG and C3 in the mesangia and along the capillary walls of the glomeruli. Of the LCM infected mice of all three types over 50% had died of glomerulonephritis by 6 months and over 85% by 9 months. Of the polyoma infected mice of all three types approximately 20% had died of glomerulonephritis by 6 months and over 40% by 9 months. Of the uninfected controls of all three types less than 10% had died by 6 months and less than 20% at 9 months except for the NZB x W females which had a 67% mortality at 9 months as a result of their spontaneous glomerulonephritis. The two viral infections had significant effect on the incidence of anti-red cell antibodies or the severity of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in any of the three NZ mice.
Vasopressin and the mature coronary collateral circulation.
Authors: K G Peters, M L Marcus, D G Harrison
Journal: Circulation (1989)

In isolated vascular rings, we have shown that mature coronary collateral vessels are highly responsive to the vasoconstrictor effects of vasopressin. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of concentrations of vasopressin encountered in pathophysiologic states on the collateral circulation in vivo. We studied eight open-chest anesthetized dogs with mature coronary collateral vessels 3-6 months after placement of an ameroid constrictor on the left circumflex coronary artery. The left anterior descending coronary artery was perfused at constant pressure, and peripheral coronary pressure was monitored continuously throughout each experiment. At baseline and during intracoronary infusion of vasopressin, which resulted in concentrations ranging from 8 +/- 3 to 1,340 +/- 327 microM/ml, we measured regional myocardial perfusion with radiolabeled microspheres. At baseline, regional myocardial perfusion to the collateral-dependent myocardium and to the normally perfused myocardium was similar; however, during vasopressin infusion, collateral-dependent zone flow decreased by 49 +/- 14% whereas normal zone flow decreased by only 9 +/- 9% (p less than 0.0005, normal zone perfusion vs. collateral perfusion). Vasopressin increased transcollateral resistance by 242 +/- 95% above baseline but produced a more modest increase in normal zone resistance (15 +/- 10%). The subendocardial to subepicardial perfusion ratio increased by 28 +/- 12% in the normal zone in response to vasopressin but decreased by 18 +/- 11% in the collateral-dependent zone. These data show that mature coronary collateral vessels are responsive to the vasoconstrictor effects of vasopressin at concentrations encountered in various pathophysiologic states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Unusual Biliary Scan Appearance in a Child With a Transplanted Liver With Hepatic Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: UTE PORN, ROBERT HOWMAN-GILES, ALBERT SHUN, STUART DORNEY, ROGER UREN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Online First Collections ACNM MeetingsCMECommunication in OrganizationCOVID-19Feedback and RewardsFrom the American College of Nuclear MedicineHighly Cited and Frequently Read ArticlesPlanning and Conducting Meetings EffectivelyQuality and Safety in Health CareRecruitment of New PhysiciansTips for Giving a Memorable PresentationTips for LeadersTips for Physicians in Getting the Right Job ACNM ArticlesACNM Website For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Targeted Virus Replication Plus Immunotherapy Eradicates Primary and Distant Pancreatic Tumors in Nude Mice
Authors: Devanand Sarkar, Zao-zhong Su, Nicolaq Vozhilla, Eun Sook Park, Aaron Randolph, Kristoffer Valerie, Paul B. Fisher
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive neoplasm with no current viable, effective treatment options. In the majority of cases, at first diagnosis, pancreatic cancer has already become metastatic so that conventional treatment regimens provide minimal, if any, clinical benefit in prolonging life or ameliorating the negative prognosis of this disease. These harsh realities underscore the need for developing improved treatment paradigms for this cancer, with gene therapy and immunotherapy currently being evaluated as potential therapeutic options. We currently describe an adenovirus-based therapy for successfully managing pancreatic cancer, the cancer terminator virus (CTV), which is founded on targeted induction of viral replication from a cancer-specific progression elevated gene-3 (PEG-3) promoter (PEG-Prom) and immune modulation by IFN-γ. The PEG-Prom functions selectively in cancer cells of diverse lineages compared with their normal cellular counterparts. In the CTV, the PEG-Prom drives expression of the adenoviral early region 1A (E1A) gene, necessary for virus replication, with IFN-γ simultaneously being expressed from the E3 region. Infection of normal cells and pancreatic cancer cells with the CTV confirmed cancer cell–selective adenoviral replication, robust IFN-γ production coupled with virus replication, growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction. Infection of established pancreatic tumors in nude mice with the CTV promoted viral replication, IFN-γ production, and activation of antitumor immunity resulting in complete eradication of both primary and distant tumors, curing animals of disease. The CTV provides a novel reagent for treating pancreatic and other human cancers with potential for eliminating both primary tumors and metastatic disease.
Acute ethanol administration induces oxidative changes in rat pancreatic tissue.
Authors: E Altomare, I Grattagliano, G Vendemiale, V Palmieri, G Palasciano
Journal: Gut (1996)

There is mounting clinical evidence that ethanol toxicity to the pancreas is linked with glutathione depletion from oxidative stress but there is not experimental proof that this occurs.The effect of acute ethanol ingestion (4 g/kg) on the pancreatic content of reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), and carbonyl proteins were therefore studied in the rat.Ethanol caused a significant reduction in GSH (p < 0.02) and an increase in GSSG (p < 0.005), MDA (p < 0.05), and carbonyl proteins (p < 0.05) in the rat pancreas. The GSH/GSSG ratios were significantly decreased after ethanol, especially in rats pretreated with diethylmaleate (DEM), a GSH blocker. Administration of ethanol after DEM further increased the rate of lipid and protein oxidation. Pretreatment with cyanamide (an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase) but not with 4-methylpyrazole (an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor) caused higher production of GSSG and MDA.These findings indicate that acute ethanol reduces the pancreatic content of GSH, which seems to be protective against ethanol toxicity, since its depletion is accompanied by increased oxidative damage to cell structures. The further increase of lipid peroxidation and GSSG production in the presence of cyanamide suggests that acetaldehyde might be responsible for the oxidative changes that occur in pancreatic cells after ethanol administration.
Distinction between Infection and Rejection in Lung Transplantation
Authors: P. A. Cullum, M. Bewick, K. Shilkin, D. E. H. Tee, P. Ayliffe, D. C. S. Hutchison, J. W. Laws, S. A. Mason, L. Reid, P. Hugh-Jones, A. M. Macarthur
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In distinguishing between infection and rejection after human lung transplantation clinical and radiological features were unhelpful, and even confusing. However, incipient rejection could be predicted and distinguished from infection by monitoring alterations in lymphocyte activity by the rosette inhibition test. Earlier prediction seems possible by detecting circulating lung-binding antibody. The ability to detect changes in the immunological status of a patient, even before clinical deterioration, has fundamental implications for the management of patients after transplantation.
Obstruction near Hepatic Flexure in Pancreatitis
Authors: Allan R. Aronson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

RADIOLOGICAL and clinical evidence of largebowel obstruction in pancreatitis has been infrequently reported in the literature. Narrowing at the splenic flexure, accompanied by distension of both the large and small bowel, was described in 1957. 1 Glenn and Baylin 2 noted spasm in the midtransverse  among other x-ray features of acute pancreatitis. Australian authors 3,4 have used the term colon cut-off sign to describe the finding of gas in the ascending  up to the hepatic flexure, with absence of gas in the transverse colon.  The following case is one in which survey films of the abdomen, repeated barium examinations of the colon, and serum amylase determinations illustrate a temporary obstruction near the hepatic flexure, due to an acute attack of pancreatitis. The lesion at one point was thought to so resemble carcinoma that operation was planned, but fortunately never executed.  Report of a Case  A 26-year-old white