tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Respiratory tract deposition of inhaled wood smoke particle in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ala Muala, Hanna Nicklasson, Christoffer Boman, Robin Nyström, Erik Swietlicki, Jenny A Bosson, Anders Blomberg, Thomas Sandström, Jakob Löndahl
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Respiratory deposition of air pollution particles in the lungs is important as these particles are strongly linked with adverse health effects. This study was aimed to determine the size-resolved deposition fraction (DF) of sooty wood smoke particles in the lungs of healthy subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).  Methods  12 healthy and 6 COPD subjects inhaled diluted wood smoke from incomplete soot-rich combustion in a common wood stove. The DF of smoke particles (10-500 nm) was measured during three 15-min exposures in each subject during spontaneous breathing using Respiratory Particle Deposition Instrument (RESPI) technique. Lung function was measured using standard spirometry.  Results  DF in healthy subjects and COPD patients in the particle size range of 10-500nm was 32% and 35% respectively. This can be compared with DF of 21-23% during previous wood pellet combustion experiments. DF in COPD was particularly high for particles sized 50-300 nm where the majority of the particle mass was present. DF and breathing frequency were negatively correlated (R2=-0.72, p=0.001).  Conclusions  The DF of the investigated sooty wood smoke particles was higher than the previously investigated particles generated by other wood smoke combustion processes. Together with toxicological studies, which have indicated that incomplete biomass combustion particles rich in soot and poly-aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), are especially harmful, these data highlight the health risks of inadequate wood combustion. The high deposition rate in COPD, may contribute to increased morbidity for this group.
Characterization of acute promyelocytic leukemia cases with PML-RAR alpha break/fusion sites in PML exon 6: identification of a subgroup with decreased in vitro responsiveness to all-trans retinoic acid
Authors: RE Gallagher, YP Li, S Rao, E Paietta, J Andersen, P Etkind, JM Bennett, MS Tallman, PH Wiernik
Journal: Blood (1995)
The impact of neuroendocrine differentiation in the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Andriani Charpidou, Christina Fevranoglou, Tsimpoukis Sotirios, Boura Paraskevi, Marios Zontanos, Ioannis Danos, Konstantinos Syrigos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Large cell carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation (LCNEC) consist a district subcategory and represent 2-3% of lung cancers.Retrospective studies have shown prognosis similar to this of patients with SCLC and worse prognosis after surgical resection in comparison to surgical resection in NSCLC.There are data showing that perioperative chemotherapy,especially platinum based combinations, improves survival.  Aim:Examine the overall survival (OS) between patients with LCNEC and NSCLC with neuroendocrine differentiation and the progression free survival (PFS) according to the stage and the therapy applied.  Method: Data of patients with LCNEC and NSCLC with neuroendocrine differentiation were collected from June 2005 to December 2010.  Results: Data from 26 patients were collected,21 men, median age 62 years old. 15 had LCNEC and 11 NSCLC with neuroendocrine differentiation,16 at stage I-III and 10 at stage IV. The majority were confronted with multimodality therapy (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy).The median OS was 15 months for LCNEC and 15.5 months for NSCLC with neuroendocrine differentiation (95% CI).There was found no difference in OS between LCNEC and NSCLC with neuroendocrine differentiation for stages I-III (p=0.814) and IV (p=0.563) respectively.The median OS for all patients was 3.5 months and the median PFS 2.5 months (95% CI).Totally,12 patients received systematically sandostatin-LAR and 14 didn9t receive without difference found in OS (p=0.140).  Conclusions: Randomised trials are needed in order to be proved which therapeutic intervention is the most proper and which chemotherapeutic combination is the best for lung cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation.
Single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary catheter removal does not reduce the risk of urinary tract infection in surgical patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: B.C. van Hees, P.L.M. Vijverberg, L.E. Hoorntje, E.H.H. Wiltink, P.M.N.Y.H. Go, M. Tersmette
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)

We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial to assess the effect of single-dose prophylaxis using co-trimoxazole (960 mg) (n = 46) or ciprofloxacin (500 mg) (n = 43) vs. placebo (n = 51) before urinary catheter removal on significant bacteriuria (SBU) (primary outcome) and urinary tract infection (UTI) in surgical patients with scheduled bladder drainage for 3-14 days. SBU was determined directly after catheter removal, and UTI 12-14 days after catheter removal. After 12-14 days, incidences of SBU were 19%, 19% and 33% for patients receiving ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole and placebo, respectively (p ns), and incidences of UTI were 3%, 0% and 3% for patients receiving ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole and placebo, respectively (p ns).
Cranial radiation for pediatric T‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Michael J. Kelly, Thomas A. Trikalinos, Issa J. Dahabreh, Matthew Gianferante, Susan K. Parsons
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

There are heterogeneous approaches to cranial radiation therapy (CRT) for T‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL). We performed a systematic review of studies that specified a radiation strategy and reported survival for pediatric T‐ALL. Our analysis included 62 publications reporting 78 treatment groups (patient n = 5844). The average event‐free survival (EFS) was higher by 6% per 5 years ( P &lt; 0.001). Adjusting for year, EFS differed by radiation strategy. Compared to the reference group (CRT for all) which had a year‐adjusted EFS of 65% (95% confidence interval, CI: 61–69%) the adjusted EFS was significantly worse (rate difference (RD) = −9%, 95% CI: −15 to −2%) among studies that used a risk‐directed approach to CRT ( P = 0.004). The adjusted EFS for the other strategies were not significantly different compared to the reference group: CRT for central nervous system positive patients only (RD = −3%, 95% CI: −14 to 7%, P = 0.49); CRT omitted for all patients (RD = 5%, 95% CI: −4 to 15%, P = 0.33). CRT may not be necessary with current chemotherapy for T‐ALL. These findings, however, are susceptible to bias and caution should be applied in drawing conclusions on the comparative effectiveness of alternative CRT strategies. Am. J. Hematol. 89:992–997, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lung Cancer Mortality Among U.S. Uranium Miners: A Reappraisal&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A S Whittemore, A McMillan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

This report examines lung cancer mortality among a cohort of white underground uranium miners in the Colorado plateau and is based on mortality follow-up through December 31, 1977. The analytic methods represent a miner's annual age-specific lung cancer mortality rate as the (unspecified) rate among nonsmoking men born at the same time and with no mining history, multiplied by the relative risk factor R. This factor depends on the miner's total exposures to radon daughters [in working level months (WLM) and to cigarettes (in packs), accumulated from start of exposure until 10 years before his current age. Among those examined, the relative risk function giving the highest likelihood of the data was R = (1 + 0.31 X 10(-2) WLM)(1 + 0.51 X 10(-3) packs). This multiplicative function specifies that ratios of mortality rates for miners versus nonminers with similar age and smoking characteristics do not depend on smoking status. By contrast, differences between miners' and nonminers' mortality rates are substantially higher for smokers than for nonsmokers. The data rejected (P = .01) several additive functions for R that specify relative risk as a sum of components due to radiation and to cigarette smoking. Cumulative exposures to both radiation and cigarettes gave better fits to the data than did average annual exposure rates. Age at start of underground mining had no effect on risk, after controlling for age at lung cancer death, year of birth, and cumulative radiation and smoking exposures.
Respiratory depressants among patients undergoing noninvasive ventilation for hypoxemic-hypercapnic acidosis: Prevalence and impact on prognosis
Authors: Ángel Ortega-González, Diego Germán Rojas-Tula, Marcelino Sánchez-Casado, José Carlos Serrano-Rebollo, José Javier García-López, Máximo Gómez-Fernández
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Medical records show frequent psychoactive drug treatments among the elderly with respiratory depression as a potential side effect. We evaluate their impact in patients undergoing noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) with acidosis.   Methods : Prospective study in 103 consecutive admissions (71 M, age 74,9±9 yrs) starting NIV for AHRF with acidosis in a Monitoring Unit (Oct.08-Jan.12) Two groups based on previous therapy with psychoactive drugs and significant sedative effect.  Variables : pH, pO 2 , pCO 2 ,   pO 2 /FiO 2  at admission(1), 2h of NIV(2) and 24h of NIV(3); in-hospital mortality and combined in-hospital and 30-day post-discharge mortality, length of stay (LOS) and intubation %. We recorded main diagnosis and thoracic comorbidities. Stat. analysis :  χ  2 /MWW.   Results : 39 pts (37,9%) received sedatives: M 22,5%,F 71,8%; BZDs 89,7%. Main diagnosis (% sedatives): COPD 48 (25%), OHS 20 (55%),Acute heart failure 16 (56,2%), Pneumonia 7 (28,6%), Acute pulmonary edema 6 (66,7%), Chest wall deformities 4 (25%).Comorbidity 55,3%. Group analysis (sedatives vs no sedatives): Sex (M) 41% vs 85,9% (p 2  evolution between groups: pH1 7,27±0,08 vs 7,26±0,59; pH2 7,30±0,09 vs 7,32±0,07; pH3 ≥7,35 (both groups)   Conclusions : We found a high prevalence of respiratory depressants in patients with AHRF. Sedatives may worsen prognosis and early response to NIV, especially in elderly female patients without COPD.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Jean-Damien Ricard, Jonathan Messika
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

We read with attention the letter by E. Crawford and co-workers and thank them for their interests in our work. Due to the risk of delaying antibiotherapy, NSAID should not be given if an ongoing infection hasn't been ruled out <http://ow.ly/LCQMZ>
Primary thoracic amyloidosis: Rare disease and hard diagnosis
Authors: Manel Loukil, Nawel Chaouch, Nawel Ben Salem, Mourad Zarrouk, Sana Chikhrouhou, Hajer Racil, Ayda Ayadi, Abdellatif Chabbou
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Amyloidosis is a disease caused by extracellular deposition of complex protein-polysaccharide in a β-pleated configuration within soft tissues. Primary thoracic deposition of amyloid is scares. To explore the different thoracic manifestations of primary thoracic amyloidosis (PTA) and its diagnosis difficulty, we retrospectively analyzed cases of PTA hospitalized in our department between 2007 to 2009. PTA (AL type) diagnosis was confirmed by pathological study in all cases. All patients were investigated by chest x ray, fibrerbroncoscopy and chest and abdominal CT scan.  Our study concerned 5, 63 years mean aged (34-77ans) men. PTA discovery was secondary to respiratory symptoms in 4 cases and fortuitous in 1 case. Amyloidosis was systemic in 1 case and localized to the thorax in 4 cases: 1 involved pleura, 2 involved mediastinal lymph nodes, 2 the bronchial tree and 2 the lung parenchyma. An association of 2 different thoracic localization was noted in 2 patients. The average time of diagnosis was 4 months, based on open lung biopsy in 2 cases, mediastinal lymph node biopsy in 2 cases and transthoracic lung biopsy in 1 case. Respiratory lung function was normal in 3 patients. Amyloidosis was complicated by chronic respiratory failure in 1 patient and severe obstructive disease in 1 patient. Treatment consisted in colchicin with a stable trend (1 case), systemic corticosteroids with clinical deterioration (2 cases), lung resection (2 cases). One patient disappeared during follow up.  PTA diagnosis is often delayed. This is due in part to the localized feautures of amyloidosis, non specific symptoms and frequent misdiagnosis.
Bringing about Change: The Introduction of Secure Units
Authors: B Stocking
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1992)

The introduction of regional secure units into the NHS was studied as one example of the diffusion of patient care innovations. As well as the general history of secure units events in four Regions were studied in detail for the period from 1974 up to mid-1983. It is concluded that secure units became gradually more acceptable over time as (i) the need for such units was recognized, (ii) the climate of opinion changed in psychiatric hospitals from seeing secure units as a retrograde step, following the acceptance of more open door policies, to seeing secure units as a prestige development which might safeguard the future of a particular hospital, (iii) government loosened the definitions of what secure units should be and how they should operate so that there was more room for different regions to assess their own needs. Regions which were able to move relatively fast on secure unit development were those where there was already a 'product champion' present to promote the ideas, usually a forensic psychiatrist, and where there was also managerial support and designated responsibility for secure unit development at local and regional level. It is concluded that while public reaction was a hindrance it did not slow down secure unit development as much as might have been expected.
Abstract 580: The Production of a Bio-Engineered Endothelial Intima From Cultured Cells Using Whole Cardiac Cadaveric Extracellular Matrix.
Authors: Stefan Kren, Gabriel Caron, Doris A Taylor
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background; Bioengineered solutions to failing cardiac tissue have been difficult to achieve due partially to adverse interactions between circulating blood and the engineered surface. The aim of this study was to determine if by using naturally-derived ECM and cultured endothelial cells, a bioengineered whole-heart vascular intima could be generated. The matrix substrate for organ culture was produced by a perfusion-based detergent decelluarization of cadaveric rat heart. This process maintained ECM protein integrity as indicated by a glycosaminoglycan assay, with ~ equivalent amounts present relative to cadaveric rat heart. Its acellular nature was confirmed by loss of &gt; 96% DNA (p = 0.001) compared to normal rat heart. In vitro infusion of aqueous dye or Mercox resin suggested a complete arterial tree, with structural preservation of vascular conduits. In vivo perfusability of the ECM was demonstrated by heterotopic transplantation with anticoagulation (n=4) into RNU rats for 7 days. Recellularization of the vascular tree was attempted by In Vitro Langendorff perfusion of 2 x 107 rat aortal endothelial cells (ECs) followed by a 7d incubation with escalating pulsatile flow in a 3D bioreactor. CellTracker Green assessed EC viability and permitted visualization of engrafted cells by fluorescent microscopy. Vessels of different diameters contained “patches” of confluent endothelium with complete circumferential lining of many of the matrix conduits. ECs lining both chamber walls and trabeculae were also observed. Nuclear staining showed 537.8 +/− 67.6 ECs / mm2 on endocardial surfaces, as well as 311.7 +/− 61.8 ECs / mm2 in vessels. To enhance the delivery of cells into the ventricular walls, a microcanulization of the brachiocephalic artery with sustained aortal perfusion was undertaken. This technique diverted more cells to the vasculature and more broadly distributed the cells in each area resulting in a lower cell density; 199.8 +/− 25.0 ECs / mm2 in vessels vs 125.8 +/− 43.4 ECs / mm2 on endocardial surfaces. In conclusion, these data suggest that by using detergent prepared acellular ECM of a whole organ, generation of a complete endothelial lining of vascular structures may be possible.
Specific Medications for Weight Loss
Authors: Jill Jin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Melanie J. Davies, MD; Richard Bergenstal, MD; Bruce Bode, MD; Robert F. Kushner, MD; Andrew Lewin, MD; Trine Vang Skjøth, MD; Arne Haahr Andreasen, MSc; Christine Bjørn Jensen, MD; Ralph A. DeFronzo, MD; for the NN8022-1922 Study Group
Late-breaking abstract: GST omega gene polymorphisms, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and lung function in a general Dutch population cohort
Authors: Kim de Jong, H. Marike Boezen, Dirkje S. Postma, Judith M. Vonk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Both ETS exposure and SNPs in Gluthatione S-tranferase (GST) genes are associated with FEV 1  level. A  GSTO2  SNP (rs156697) was associated with FEV 1  in a GWAS study (Wilk 2007). We recently found a  GSTO1  SNP associated with lower FEV 1  in heavy smokers only (≥12.5 py; unpublished) suggesting a gene by smoking interaction. Since the GST-family deals with oxidative stress, we hypothesize that  GSTO2  SNPs may also interact with ETS exposure and affect lung function.   Methods:  Genotyped individuals (n=8128) from the LifeLines study, a general Dutch population cohort, were included. We selected 4  GSTO2  tagging SNPs (MAF=0.10, R 2  1  were assessed by linear regression models, adjusted for sex, age, height, weight, and smoking habits.   Results:  Daily ETS exposure (≥1hr b=-37ml; p=0.011) and history of active smoking (≥10.5 py b= -121ml; p 1 . ETS exposure at work and the SNPs were not significantly associated with FEV 1 . However,  GSTO2  SNPs clearly interacted with ETS exposure and history of active smoking (table 1).   Conclusion:  We show that ETS exposure has deleterious effects on FEV 1  in subjects homozygous for the minor allele of  GSTO2  SNPs.
High-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy with and without anthracycline antibiotics for remission reinduction of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: R H Herzig, H M Lazarus, S N Wolff, G L Phillips, G P Herzig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Seventy-eight patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in relapse were treated with high-dose cytosine arabinoside (3 g/m2 intravenously (IV) every 12 hours for 12 doses) alone, or with three days of anthracycline antibiotics (doxorubicin 20 mg/m2 or daunorubicin 30 mg/m2 IV daily) after completing the course of cytosine arabinoside. Consolidation and maintenance therapy was not given. When anthracyclines were added there was no increase in frequency or severity of nonhematologic toxicity including conjunctivitis, photophobia, dermatitis, cerebellar dysfunction, and gastrointestinal disturbance. All 78 patients achieved aplasia of the bone marrow. Five patients in each group died before bone marrow recovery. The use of anthracyclines did not prolong bone marrow recovery, with both groups demonstrating adequate granulocyte and platelet counts about four weeks after beginning treatment. Forty-one (53%) of the total 78 patients achieved a complete remission. In patients not clinically resistant to conventional-dose cytosine arabinoside, both regimens were equally effective inducing a complete remission (high-dose cytosine arabinoside alone, 12/19 [63%]; with anthracycline, 11/17 [65%], P = .270); in patients clinically resistant, the regimen including anthracycline was superior (15/27 [56%] v 3/15 [20%], P = .022). The duration of unmaintained response was similar (median, five months), but the longest remissions occurred when anthracyclines were used. Thus, high-dose cytosine arabinoside is effective in producing remissions in relapsed patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia, and the addition of an anthracycline enhances this effect.
Dissemination and characterization of NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter pittii in an intensive care unit in China
Authors: J. Yang, Y. Chen, X. Jia, Y. Luo, Q. Song, W. Zhao, Y. Wang, H. Liu, D. Zheng, Y. Xia, R. Yu, X. Han, G. Jiang, Y. Zhou, W. Zhou, X. Hu, L. Liang, L. Han
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Self-identification by Jewish religion: Lack of association with overall survival in ovarian cancer at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1998 to 2006.
Authors: J. A. Konner, A. Iasonos, P. Sabbatini, W. P. Tew, M. L. Hensley, C. Aghajanian, N. D. Kauff, R. A. Moss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e15552 Background: There is up to a 25% incidence of the 3 founder BRCA 1 and 2 mutations in unselected Ashkenazi Jewish ovarian cancer (OC) pts. Survival of pts with BRCA-associated advanced-stage OC is longer than that of matched controls. We examined the hypothesis: self-identification as Jewish (J) might serve as a surrogate marker for improved survival for OC pts. Methods: This is a single-institution retrospective analysis of pts from the MSKCC database between 01/01/98 and 01/24/06 with a histologic diagnosis of epithelial ovarian, or primary peritoneal cancer, and a stated religion, for whom follow-up data were available. IRB waiver was obtained for chart review. Data were collected on diagnosis, dates of surgery, recurrence, chemo, and death, as well as CA-125 nadir. The primary endpoint was OS. The date of initial surgery was used to calculate OS according to date of death or most recent follow-up. Stage and histology were obtained from pathology reports and operative notes, categorized according to ISGO and WHO standards. Kaplan-Meier estimates of OS stratified by various prognostic factors were calculated and compared by means of the log rank test statistic in the univariate setting. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess the association between survival and religion. All analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.0 (SAS Institute, Carey, North Carolina). Results: 1,601 pts with OC were identified across all stages. 307 (19%) were self-identified as J. Median FU for survivors was 2.9 yrs (range 0-29.9). Median OS was 6 yrs CI (5.6- 6.7). The median OS for J pts across all stages was 5.8 yrs, and 6.8 yrs for non-J identified pts. The 5 year OS rate was 59% for J pts and 56% for non-J (p = 0.72). Among the 1,193 (74.5%) pts with high-stage disease (stage III or IV), median OS for J pts was 5.4 yrs, and 5.0 yrs for non-J identified pts and the 5 yr OS rate was 56% for J pts and 50% for non-J (p = 0.42). Conclusions: In our review of a large series of OC pts, self-identification as J was not an independent predictor of increased OS. A possible weakness of this study was the reliance on self-reporting to identify J pts, and the reporting did not discriminate between Ashkenazi and other J groups. No significant financial relationships to disclose.