tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Platelets and fibrin(ogen) increase metastatic potential by impeding natural killer cell–mediated elimination of tumor cells
Authors: Joseph S. Palumbo, Kathryn E. Talmage, Jessica V. Massari, Christine M. La Jeunesse, Matthew J. Flick, Keith W. Kombrinck, Markéta Jirousková, Jay L. Degen
Journal: Blood (2004)
Nasal Packing After Surgery
Authors: J. C. Fernbach
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Thomas et al reported a case of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) thought to have been a result of nasal packing after submucous resection and rhinoplasty (1982;247:2402). Bacteremia and local infections with nasal packing are familiar and long-recognized problems to many nasal surgeons.<sup>1</sup>Other potential and actual complications of packing include a dry throat, difficulty swallowing, aspiration, pressure necrosis, hypoxemia, postoperative swelling and edema, rhinorrhea, and bleeding after removal of the packing. Sometimes overly aggressive packing after rhinoplasty can result in spreading of osteotomized nasal bones, which compromises the final result. Stucker and Ansel<sup>2</sup>have discussed the pros and cons of nasal packing after surgery. They outline conservative indications that include support of bony fragments, control of bleeding, coaptation of the septal flaps, and, in certain cases, technical expediency. They found in reviewing more than 800 nasal surgeries that fewer than 9% required packing. The present
Molecular mechanisms for simvastatin-mediated enhancement of synaptic plasticity
Authors: Robert A Mans, Lori L McMahon, Ling Li
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Simvastatin (SV), a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase and a widely prescribed treatment for hypercholesterolemia, exerts numerous positive pleiotropic effects that are thought to occur independent of its cholesterol-lowering properties. In previously published work, we have shown that chronic SV treatment rescues cognitive function in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease, and enhances learning and memory in non-transgenic mice without affecting total brain cholesterol and amyloid-beta levels. More recently, we demonstrated the ability of SV to enhance long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in slices from wild type C57BL/6 mice via a mechanism dependent upon phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt activation during LTP induction. The present study was conducted to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying SV-induced enhancement of LTP. Specifically, it was found that inhibiting production of isoprenoid intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway for cholesterol triggers the downstream events leading to enhanced LTP. Interestingly, two major isoprenoid intermediates exhibit differential effects. Replenishment of farnesyl pyrophosphate, but not geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, abolished the LTP-enhancing ability of SV. Parallel to this finding, inhibiting farnesylation, but not geranylgeranylation replicated the enhancement of LTP caused by SV. Finally, inhibiting farnesylation promotes the activation of Akt during the induction phase. Together, these results suggest that SV enhances LTP in CA1 by modulating isoprenylation-dependent molecular pathways downstream of farnesyl transferase. These findings will aid in the identification of novel therapeutic targets that modulate synaptic and cognitive function.

Grant support: Supported by grants of NIH AG031846 and an Anonymous Philanthropic Foundation to L Li.

Acknowledgements
This study was supported by Program for Excellent talent in University of Chongqing (2010).
Alterations of Phospholamban Function Can Exhibit Cardiotoxic Effects Independent of Excessive Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca <sup>2+</sup> -ATPase Inhibition
Authors: Joachim P. Schmitt, Ferhaan Ahmad, Kristina Lorenz, Lutz Hein, Stefan Schulz, Michio Asahi, David H. MacLennan, Christine E. Seidman, J.G. Seidman, Martin J. Lohse
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Low activity of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a) resulting from strong inhibition by phospholamban (PLN) can depress cardiac contractility and lead to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Here, we investigated whether PLN exhibits cardiotoxic effects via mechanisms other than chronic inhibition of SERCA2a by studying a PLN mutant, PLN(R9C), that triggers cardiac failure in humans and mice.Because PLN(R9C) inhibits SERCA2a mainly by preventing deactivation of wild-type PLN, SERCA2a activity could be increased stepwise by generating mice that carry a PLN(R9C) transgene and 2, 1, or 0 endogenous PLN alleles (PLN(+/+)+TgPLN(R9C), PLN(+/-)+TgPLN(R9C), and PLN(-/-)+TgPLN(R9C), respectively). PLN(-/-) +TgPLN(R9C) hearts demonstrated accelerated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) uptake rates and improved hemodynamics compared with PLN(+/+)+TgPLN(R9C) mice but still responded poorly to beta-adrenergic stimulation because PLN(R9C) impairs protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of both wild-type and mutant PLN. PLN(+/+)+TgPLN(R9C) mice died of heart failure at 21+/-6 weeks, whereas heterozygous PLN(+/-)+TgPLN(R9C) mice survived to 48+/-11 weeks, PLN(-/-)+TgPLN(R9C) mice to 66+/-19 weeks, and wild-type mice to 94+/-27 weeks (P<0.001). Although Ca(2+) reuptake kinetics in young PLN(-/-)+TgPLN(R9C) mice exceeded those measured in wild-type control animals, this parameter alone was not sufficient to prevent the eventual development of dilated cardiomyopathy.The data demonstrate an association between the dose-dependent inhibition of SERCA2a activity by PLN(wt) and the time of onset of heart failure and show that a weak inhibitor of SERCA2a, PLN(R9C), which is diminished in its ability to modify the level of SERCA2a activity, leads to heart failure despite fast sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) reuptake.
SIMULTANEOUS ASSOCIATION OF SITUS INVERSUS, CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND HIATUS HERNIA: REPORT OF A CASE AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE*
Authors: HENRY N. ROSENBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1949)

Excerpt Congenital dextrocardia with situs inversus is an infrequent but not a rare condition, estimates as to its incidence varying from one in approximately 35,000 individuals1 to one in 6 to 10,000.2, 3, 4, 5 The association of congenital dextrocardia with coronary heart disease is, however, quite rare,6, 7 only five such case reports appearing in the literature. No case of hiatus hernia occurring with situs inversus has yet been reported. For this reason it was felt that the report of the following case presenting the coexistence of situs inversus, coronary heart disease and hiatus hernia would be of interest. CASE
Delayed-Onset Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Lawrence Rice, Walid K. Attisha, Alane Drexler, John L. Francis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia presents 5 to 12 days after heparin exposure, with or without arterial or venous thromboemboli. Delayed recognition and treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia contribute to poor patient outcomes. Objective: To describe and increase awareness of a clinical scenario in which the onset or manifestations of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia are delayed. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Three large urban hospitals (with active cardiovascular surgery programs). Patients: 14 patients seen over a 3-year period in whom heparin-induced thrombocytopenia became apparent on delayed presentation with thromboembolic complications. Measurements: Platelet counts, onset of objectively determined thromboembolism, results of heparin-induced platelet factor 4 antibody tests, and outcomes. Results: Patients went home after hospitalizations that had included heparin exposure—in most cases, with no thrombocytopenia recognized—only to return to the hospital (median, day 14) with thromboembolic complications. Thromboemboli were venous (12 patients, 7 with pulmonary emboli) or arterial (4 patients) or both. Platelet counts were mildly decreased in all but 2 patients on second presentation. On readmission, 11 patients received therapeutic heparin, which worsened the patients' clinical condition and, in all 11 cases, decreased the platelet count (mean at readmission, 143 × 109 cells/L; mean nadir after heparin re-exposure, 39 × 109 cells/L). Results of serologic tests for heparin-induced antibodies were positive in all patients. Subsequent treatments included alternative anticoagulants (11 patients), thrombolytic drugs (3 patients), inferior vena cava filters (3 patients) and, eventually, warfarin (11 patients). Three patients died. Conclusions: Delayed-onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is increasingly being recognized. To avoid disastrous outcomes, physicians must consider heparin-induced thrombocytopenia whenever a recently hospitalized patient returns with thromboembolism; therapy with alternative anticoagulants, not heparin, should be initiated.
Interaction between erythrocyte plasma membrane and silicate dusts.
Authors: S V Singh, P N Viswanathan, Q Rahman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Lysis of erythrocytes in vitro leading to release of hemoglobin has often been used as a convenient test system for predictive toxicological evaluation of noxious particulates encountered as pollutants in occupational and environmental atmospheres. However, in spite of several studies with silica and silicate dusts, the exact biochemical mechanism for membrane damage is not clear. Therefore, detailed biochemical studies were conducted. Screening of a large number of fugitive dust samples indicated that the dissolution of silica under assay conditions has a qualitative relation to hemolytic potency. The strong capacity of slate mine dust to cause hemolysis was studied in detail. The kinetics of lysis indicated that on prolonged contact the adsorption of hemoglobin altered the lytic index. Coating of dust with serum, albumin or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and some lipids reduced lytic potency markedly, while EDTA was ineffective. Altering the surface chemistry of dust by heating, alkali treatment, washing with water, and acid washing reduced hemolysis in increasing order. Thus, chemical interactions between dusts and membranes are involved in hemolysis, and it may be concluded that the interaction of dust constituents with biomembranes is one of the likely mechanisms involved in the toxicity of particulate air pollutants.
Making the Difference
Authors: David L. Anders
Journal: JAMA (1988)

My afternoon patients started with Mr Lorenz. Age: 35 years. Complaint: lower back pain. Before seeing him I flipped through his chart. I couldn't quite recall his face but I did remember his visit several months previously for a mild upper respiratory tract infection. It had been during my first month of practice after residency. As I entered the examining room where he waited, I suddenly remembered him very well. He was polite, articulate, and healthy and was concerned about staying that way. The ease with which he stood as I entered the room assured me that his back pain couldn't be very severe. "Welcome back," I said, shaking his hand. "Thanks. Before I forget, I want to let you know I am wearing my seat belt now." "Great!" I exclaimed, partially for his encouragement but also from a sense of personal pride and sudden rejuvenation. I remembered talking with
Canadian doctor calls for more education on abortion
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A gynaecologist in Vancouver who performs abortions and was shot three years ago by a sniper is calling for more extensive abortion education among medical students ( BMJ 1994;309:1322).

Despite an international investigation and a $C100000 (£45000) reward, Garson Romalis's attacker has not been found. But Dr Romalis continues to …
A Brief Review on the Human Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project
Authors: Hongzhu Qu, Xiangdong Fang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract The ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project is an international research consortium that aims to identify all functional elements in the human genome sequence. The second phase of the project comprised 1640 datasets from 147 different cell types, yielding a set of 30 publications across several journals. These data revealed that 80.4% of the human genome displays some functionality in at least one cell type. Many of these regulatory elements are physically associated with one another and further form a network or three-dimensional conformation to affect gene expression. These elements are also related to sequence variants associated with diseases or traits. All these findings provide us new insights into the organization and regulation of genes and genome, and serve as an expansive resource for understanding human health and disease.
IMPAIRED OUTCOME WITH ACUTE CORONARY OCCLUSIONS IN NON-ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Bjørnar Grenne, Christian Eek, Benthe Sjøli, Thomas Dahlslett, Michael Uchto, Per K. Hol, Helge Skulstad, Otto A. Smiseth, Thor Edvardsen, Harald Brunvand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Cosmopolitan and ethnic-specific replication of genetic risk factors for asthma in 2 Latino populations
Authors: Joshua M. Galanter, Dara Torgerson, Christopher R. Gignoux, Saunak Sen, Lindsey A. Roth, Marc Via, Melinda C. Aldrich, Celeste Eng, Scott Huntsman, Jose Rodriguez-Santana, William Rodriguez-Cintrón, Rocio Chapela, Jean G. Ford, Esteban G. Burchard
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
NEPHRITIS FOLLOWING EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS OF BALSAM OF PERU.
Authors: LAWRENCE H. HOFFMAN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The frequency with which Peruvian balsam is employed both as a surgical dressing and in ointments for the local treatment of skin diseases without a thought regarding its possible toxicity leads me to report the following case: <h3>History.</h3> —George S., aged 7, had always been a robust, healthy boy of normal development. Had measles several years ago, but had had no acute illness within the past year. In March, 1906, developed scabies, and when presented for treatment the eruption was scattered over the entire body. Sulphur ointment (10 per cent.) did not control the spread of the parasite and an ointment with 10 per cent. Peruvian balsam was employed twice daily. It was applied over the entire body-surface. Under this treatment the eruption disappeared in five weeks. In May of the same year I was called to see the child and found his abdomen distended with ascites, his face, arms,
Key Opinion Leaders and Paediatric Antidepressant Overprescribing
Authors: Jon N. Jureidini, Leemon B. McHenry
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

Perhaps the most influential efficacy study of antidepressants in children has been the TADS study [11–13] . The main methodological criticism of the TADS study is that it included an unblinded comparison between cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) alone and fluoxetine plus CBT. This was carried out in parallel to a doubleblind comparison between fluoxetine and placebo. The lack of patient blinding for medication status and placebo control for one half of the study is likely to have exaggerated the benefit seen in the fluoxetine plus CBT group who knew that they were not receiving placebo. The decision not to include a placebo in the CBT group was based on the belief that it was ‘both too expensive and too artificial to have clinical relevance’ [14] . This, however, is not a plausible explanation for why the CBT-only group could not have been converted into a CBT plus placebo group. In any case, the lack of placebo control for half the patients means that comparing results between parts of the trial, with and without a placebo control, is not valid. Yet The lingering controversy about the usefulness and safety of antidepressants for children and adolescents is likely to leave clinicians in a state of confusion. Some papers report that there is little evidence for efficacy and raise concerns about harm [1–3] ; others state that antidepressants are not only safe and effective, but also prevent suicides [4–7] . This journal has previously noted the influence on decision-making of irrational habits and misplaced trust in data submitted by the pharmaceutical industry [8, 9] . In this editorial we address the manipulation of outcomes that result from academics’ alliance with industry. We explain how industry and key opinion leaders have distorted the clinician’s perception of the safety and usefulness of antidepressants for the treatment of depression in children and adolescents through publication bias, poor methodology, and selective reporting.
RECENT OBSERVATIONS IN COLOTOMY, WITH CASES IN LONDON.
Authors: J. RAWSON PENNINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<h3>1003 COLUMBUS MEMORIAL BUILDING, CHICAGO, ILL. FORMERLY ASSISTANT TO THE CHAIR OF SURGERY AND DISEASES OF THE RECTUM, KENTUCKY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE.</h3> Having had an opportunity recently, of seeing quite a number of colotomies performed at St. Mark's Hospital, London, I thought it would not be amiss to record my observations of some of the most important cases, which I deemed worthy of consideration. In the preparation of the patient, if time allow, and it is practicable, the bowels are relieved by means of purgatives and enemas, as this frequently obviates the necessity for the immediate opening of the gut. From twelve to twenty-four hours prior to the operation, the same preliminary preparation of the skin is made as for other abdominal incisions and an antiseptic dressing applied over the field for operation. Whenever there are no contra indications, chloroform is the preferred anesthetic, not that it is considered safer
The Risk of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy-Related Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease with Lung Cancer
Authors: Hirotsugu Kenmotsu, Tateaki Naito, Madoka Kimura, Akira Ono, Takehito Shukuya, Yukiko Nakamura, Asuka Tsuya, Kyoichi Kaira, Haruyasu Murakami, Toshiaki Takahashi, Masahiro Endo, Nobuyuki Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Reduced beta-adrenergic sensitivity in patients with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness.
Authors: M T Korytkowski, M Mokan, T F Veneman, A Mitrakou, P E Cryer, J E Gerich
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that impaired tissue sensitivity to catecholamines contributes to hypoglycemia unawareness in subjects with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 21 subjects with type 1 diabetes underwent a standardized insulin infusion protocol to produce a stepwise decrease in plasma glucose to 45-min plateaus of 4.3, 3.6, 3.0, and 2.3 mmol/l. Glycemic thresholds, maximum responses for adrenergic and neuroglycopenic symptoms, and counterregulatory hormones were determined. Patients were classified as hypoglycemia unaware if the initiation of adrenergic symptoms occurred at a plasma glucose level 2 SD below that of nondiabetic volunteers. beta-Adrenergic sensitivity was measured as the dose of isoproterenol required to produce an increment in heart rate of 25 beats per minute above baseline (I25) in resting subjects. RESULTS: Subjects with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness experienced the onset of adrenergic symptoms at a lower plasma glucose level than did those with awareness (2.5+/-0.1 vs. 3.7+/-0.1 mmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.001), whereas neuroglycopenic symptoms occurred at similar glucose levels (2.7+/-0.2 vs. 2.8+/- 0.1 mmol/l). The plasma glucose levels for counterregulatory hormone secretion (epinephrine 2.9+/-0.2 vs. 4.1+/-0.2 mmol/l; norepinephrine 2.7+/-0.1 vs. 3.2+/-0.2 mmol/l; cortisol 2.5+/-0.2 vs. 3.3+/-0.2 mmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.01) were also lower in subjects with unawareness. The maximal epinephrine (1,954+/-486 vs. 5,332+/- 1,059 pmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.01), norepinephrine (0.73 +/- 0.14 vs. 1.47+/-0.21 nmol/l, P = 0.04), and cortisol (276+/-110 vs. 579+/-83 nmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.01) responses were reduced in the unaware group. I25 was greater in unaware subjects than in subjects without unawareness (1.5+/-0.3 vs. 0.8+/-0.2 microg), where I25 was not different from that of controls (0.8 +/-0.2 microg). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that subjects with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness have reduced beta-adrenergic sensitivity, which may contribute to their impaired adrenergic warning symptoms during hypoglycemia.
Reid refuses to accept all recommendations of Blofeld report
Authors: Mark Gould
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Health secretary John Reid has agreed, in his response to the report into the death of a black mental health patient while in hospital, that there is no place for discrimination in the NHS.

But he gave no commitment to accepting the 22 recommendations of the report from Sir John Blofeld into the death of David “Rocky” Bennett (14 February, p 367). He insisted that the government was acting to tackle concerns and pointed out that Professor Kamlesh Patel, one of the Blofeld team andthe chairman of the Mental Health Act Commission, was chairing a national programme to ensure the black and ethnic minority groups …
Organ culture of rabbit ileum as a model for the investigation of the mechanism of intestinal damage by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.
Authors: R M Batt, C A Hart, L McLean, J R Saunders
Journal: Gut (1987)

Organ culture of rabbit ileum has been established as a model for the investigation of the mechanism of intestinal damage by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Loops of rabbit ileum were filled in vivo with saline, non-enteropathogenic P-fimbriate E coli (PFEC), or EPEC. After 45 minutes the loops were washed, then mucosal biopsies were taken and cultured for up to 48 hours. The earliest changes discernable by electron microscopy were observed at 18 hours postinfection, at which time EPEC were closely adherent to the surface of enterocytes at the base of microvilli, some of which were elongated. By 24 hours postinfection there were large areas of brush border effacement with pedestal formation around the EPEC. No such damage was seen in biopsies from the control loops (saline, PFEC), and intracellular ultrastructure was extremely well preserved in all preparations for up to 48 hours. While there were no differences at eight hours, biochemical analyses at 24 hours postinfection showed a marked increase in the release of brush border enzymes into the culture medium from EPEC-infected explants compared to explants from the control loops. These findings provide morphological and biochemical evidence for damage to the microvillus membrane by EPEC, and validate organ culture of rabbit ileum as a model for the investigation of EPEC-pathogenicity.
755 YKL-40 AND HYALURONIC ACID (HA) AS NONINVASIVE MARKERS OF LIVER FIBROSIS IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PATIENTS WITH HCV CHRONIC INFECTION
Authors: L.L. Schiavon, J.L. Narciso-Schiavon, R.J. Carvalho-Filho, V.P. Lanzoni, A.E.B. Silva, M.L.G. Ferraz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
ANATOMY AND NERVE SUPPLY OF URINARY BLADDER
Authors: R. E. Van Duzen
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The anatomists have described the human urinary bladder as a pear-shaped structure made up of an external longitudinal layer of muscle fibers, a middle circular, and an inner longitudinal layer extending from the ureteral orifices down into the urethra. These fibers can be traced to the area about the verumontanum in the male bladder and to the vicinity of the external sphincter in the female. This layer of muscle fibers is easily dissected free from the underlying muscle fibers and is usually called the trigone. We have found the two remaining layers not to be distinct but to consist of freely interlacing muscle fibers, and we prefer to designate them as the detrusor muscle of the bladder. Scher<sup>1</sup>has recently described "right and left lateral muscle bands which are more distinct and separate than the trigone muscle." These bands are described as originating in the posterior wall of the