tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lessons from Agriculture for the Sustainable Management of Malaria Vectors
Authors: Matthew B. Thomas, H. Charles J. Godfray, Andrew F. Read, Henk van den Berg, Bruce E. Tabashnik, Joop C. van Lenteren, Jeff K. Waage, Willem Takken
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Willem Takken and colleagues argue for the expansion of insecticide monotherapy in malaria control by taking lessons from agriculture and including more sustainable integrated vector management strategies.
Effects of sodium nitroprusside on hemodialysis-induced platelet activation
Authors: Bernd Jilma, Nicole Hergovich, Petra Stohlawetz, Georg Stummvoll, Said Albinni, Susanne Simak, Sabine Schmaldienst, Erich Pohanka, Hans-GEORG Eichler, Stylianos Kapiotis
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Racial differences in use of biologics for crohn's disease in a medicaid population
Authors: M. Flasar, P. M. Mulani, M. Yang, J. Chao, M. Lu, R. Cross
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Immunomodulator (IMM) and biologic (anti-TNF) use in African Americans (AA) with Crohn9s disease (CD) has been reported to be lower than in white patients (W); few data exist for Hispanic patients (H). We assessed racial differences in initiation of anti-TNF agents for patients with CD using Medicaid data. <h3>Methods</h3> Medicaid databases from Florida, Kansas and New Jersey were examined to identify all patients with CD (≥2 encounters with ICD-9 for CD) from August 1998 to March 2009. CD-related treatment (antibiotics, steroids, aminosalicylates, IMMs and anti-TNF agents), CD-related medical comorbidities, CD location, CD behaviour, surgery, and healthcare utilisation were assessed from CD diagnosis until the first anti-TNF claim or end of claims. Cox proportional-hazards model was used to assess the effect of race on odds of anti-TNF agent initiation. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 8105 patients with CD; 7284 had race data (4602 W; 1219 AA; 663 H; 800 other). Of these, 22% W, 24% AA, 25% H and 29% of other patients were excluded owing to an ICD-9 code for ulcerative colitis, yielding a total of 5575 patients with CD (3590 W; 924 AA; 494 H; 567 other) for analysis. 18%, 17% and 17% of W, AA and H patients started IMMs after a CD diagnosis (p=not significant). 7%, 9% and 5% of W, AA and H patients initiated anti-TNF agents after a CD diagnosis (p=not significant). After adjusting for CD-related medications, comorbidities and demography, the Cox model did not reveal an association between AA patients and odds of biologic use compared with W patients (HR 1.20, 95% CI 0.93–1.54), nor between H and W patients (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.46–1.02). To further adjust for CD severity, we analyzed patients hospitalised after CD diagnosis (n=3428). Anti-TNF treatment was initiated less often in H than W or AA patients (4% vs 8% and 7%, p=0.027 for H vs W). The Cox model showed that H patients were significantly less likely to use anti-TNF agents than W patients (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.22–0.71). No differences between W and AA patients were found in mean doses of or time to first dose of anti-TNF agents. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Initiation of anti-TNF agents was similar in W and AA patients but lower in H patients. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in a commercially insured population because it is possible that anti-TNF agents may be underused among all racial groups in the Medicaid population.
Preparations of Dios Chemical Company Not Approved.
Authors: L. H. South
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Bowling Green, Ky., Feb. 9, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As secretary of the Warren County Medical Society I am instructed to ask you about the preparations made by the Dios Chemical Company: Neurosine, Dioviburnia, etc. A very nice young physician, who is well-known here, is traveling for the house, and, when he was in Bowling Green, stated to our physicians that he was instructed that all of their preparations had been approved by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry. As I do not find any of these preparations on the list furnished by the Council, I ask you for information on the subject, as our society has resolved to use only pharmaceuticals which have been approved by the Council. <h3>[Answer.</h3> —None of the Dios Chemical Company's preparations has been approved by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry. About a year ago this firm sent out a circular to the effect
Community experience with bortezomib in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Adedayo A. Onitilo, Jessica Engel, Bankole Olatosi, Seth Fagbemi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Community practice experience allows a nonselective care of patient using information derived from a more controlled clinical trial environment. We present our community experience with multiple myeloma patients with advanced age, long disease duration since diagnosis, advanced stage, multiple prior therapies including stem cell transplantation, co‐morbidities, and other poor prognostic features, such as low albumin, high B‐2 microglobulin, renal failure, and the presence of poor risk chromosomal abnormalities. Our response rates are comparable to those from clinical trials. Bortezomib is well tolerated in this population of multiple myeloma patients with the exception of infection adverse events that are generally mild grade 1–2. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abstract 4490: Tocotrienols inhibit PI3/Akt and ERK pathways to induce growth arrest in pancreatic cancer cell lines by downregulation of Her-2/ErbB2 receptors
Authors: Kanishka Chakraborty, Victoria Ramsauer, S Shin Kang, Janet Lightner, S Campbell, WL Stone, Koyamangalath Krishnan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Abstract: Pancreatic cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Alternate strategies to treat and prevent this cancer are urgently required. In this regard, novel therapeutic agents that can inhibit signaling pathways implicated in the proliferation and survival of pancreatic cancer cells are of immense interest. Tocotrienols are members of the Vitamin E family but, unlike tocopherols, possess an unsaturated isoprenoid side-chain that confers superior anti-cancer properties. The ability of tocotrienols to selectively inhibit the HMG CoA reductase pathway through post-translational degradation of HMG CoA reductase and to suppress the activity of transcription factor NFκβ could be the basis for some of these properties. Data: Our studies indicate that γ- and Δ-tocotrienol have potent anti-proliferative activity in pancreatic cancer cells (Panc-28, MIA-PACA-2 and BXPC-3). Indeed both tocotrienols induced cell death (&amp;gt; 50%) by the MTT cell viability assay in all three pancreatic cancer cell lines. We also examined the effects of the tocotrienols on the Akt and the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways by Western blotting analysis. γ- and Δ-Tocotrienol treatment of cells reduced the activation of ERK MAP kinase and that of its downstream mediator RSK (ribosomal protein S6k) in addition to suppressing the activation of protein kinase, Akt. Suppression of activation of Akt by gamma-tocotrienol led to downstream upregulation of Fox-03 and GSK-3b. These effects were mediated by the downregulation of Her2/ErbB2 at the messenger level. Tocotrienols but not tocopherols were able to induce the observed effects. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the tocotrienol isoforms of vitamin E can induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through the suppression of vital cell survival and proliferative signaling pathways such as those mediated by the PI3/Akt and ERK/MAP kinases via downregulation of Her2/ErbB2 expression. The molecular components for this mechanism are not completely elucidated and needs further investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4490. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4490
Tourette's Syndrome
Authors: Joseph Jankovic
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The French neurologist Georges Gilles de la Tourette first described this syndrome, which consists of motor tics sometimes accompanied by uncontrollable noises or utterances, attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and poor impulse control. Although the pathogenesis of the disorder remains obscure, tics may be treated effectively with haloperidol or pimozide, and other clinical features may also respond to pharmacologic therapy.
Patterns of Ordering Diagnostic Tests for Patients with Acute Low Back Pain
Authors: Timothy S. Carey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Background: Low back pain is a common reason for visiting a physician. Authors of guidelines and insurance payers are currently scrutinizing use of radiography and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Objective: To study the determinants of the use of lumbar spine radiography and either CT or MRI in patients with acute low back pain. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Community-based practices in North Carolina in six strata: urban primary care physicians, rural primary care physicians, urban chiropractors, rural chiropractors, orthopedic surgeons, and practitioners at a group-model health maintenance organization. Patients: 1580 patients with acute low back pain. Measurements: Telephone interviews done after the index office visit and at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks or until complete recovery; survey of practitioners; and chart abstraction. Results: During the acute back pain episode, 46% of patients had radiography and 9% had CT or MRI. Patient variables related to use of radiography included pain that began more than 2 weeks before the index visit and no previous episodes of low back pain. Practitioner variables associated with use of radiography were being a chiropractor or orthopedic surgeon and having a solo practice. Use of CT or MRI was associated with white race, neurologic deficit at baseline, sciatica, poor functional status at baseline, and small group-practice size. Practitioners' responses to clinical vignettes were associated with aggregate practitioner behavior: In the vignettes and in real life, practitioners were more likely to order CT for patients with sciatica. However, a practitioner's response to a vignette did not predict that practitioner's use of CT or MRI for similar patients in his or her own practice. Conclusion: Radiography is commonly used as a diagnostic test for patients with acute back pain. Clinical factors and provider specialty are major correlates of the use of imaging studies. *For members of the North Carolina Back Pain Project, see the Appendix.
Edetic Acid Therapy
Authors: John H. Nodine
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Food and Drug Administration has recently stated that unless further information is made available regarding the efficacy of the oral form of edetate calcium disodium (EDTA) that after six months, this form will be removed from the market. Recently, during the screening of six workers in a stained glass window factory, three were found to have elevated blood lead levels (&gt; 60μg/100 ml). Since two of these three patients' blood levels were only slightly elevated (81 μg/ 100 ml), each was treated with an oral course of edetate trisodium (Versenate Sodium), 4 gm daily for five days, with reduction of blood lead levels to normal. (The third case with much higher levels was treated parenterally.) Because of other experience<sup>1-6</sup>which would favor the efficacy of oral administration of EDTA by varied criteria, it appears to us that the 6-month period is inappropriately short to obtain sufficient
Downsizing Internal Medicine Residencies
Authors: Harry R. Kimball
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 August 1993Downsizing Internal Medicine ResidenciesHarry R. Kimball and Linda L. BlankHarry R. KimballSearch for more papers by this author and Linda L. BlankSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Drs. Asch and Ende's excellent article [1] may yield the mistaken impression that the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) favors downsizing internal medicine residency training programs by eliminating marginal residencies that fail to achieve a rolling, 3-year, 50% pass rate on the certifying examination. This strategy was one of several suggested by President-emeritus, Dr. John A. Benson, Jr., to raise awareness about the continuing poor performance of a small but significant number of programs and to take the steps necessary to improve their educational environment. Although the Board believes that program pass rates over time do ...REFERENCE1. Asch DA, Ende J. The downsizing of internal medicine residency programs. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:839-44. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDownsizing Psychiatric Residency Programs 15 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 4Page: 346-347KeywordsGraduate medical educationResidency Issue Published: 15 August 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Quantitative coronary arteriography: estimation of dimensions, hemodynamic resistance, and atheroma mass of coronary artery lesions using the arteriogram and digital computation.
Authors: B G Brown, E Bolson, M Frimer, H T Dodge
Journal: Circulation (1977)

More accurate characterization of coronary artery lesions is needed for evaluation of short and long-term interventions in coronary disease. A method of segmental artery analysis has been developed to maximize the information obtained from coronary arteriograms. Coronary lesions are traced from two projected, perpendicular, 35 mm cineangiographic views and transmetted, in digital form, to a PDP 11/45 computer. Magnification and distortion of the image are compensated for in order to determine the actual vessel profiles, using the catheter and its location as a scaling device. The two views are matched; a spatial representation of the vessel centerline is constructed mathematically; and orthogonal vessel diameters are computed at increments along this centerline. Assuming an elliptical lumen, the absolute and percentage reduction in diameter and cross-sectional area in the stenosis are computed. More complex functions (integrated atheroma mass, Poiseuille resistance, and orifice resistance) are then calculated. The accuracy and variability of the different steps involved in lesion analysis have been determined. Dimensional accuracies of +/- 150 microns (SD) are feasible. Examples are given of patients with Prinzmetal's angina and with progressive coronary disease.
DISARTICULATION OF THE KNEE-JOINT
Authors: F. J. GAENSLEN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

It is not often that the orthopedic surgeon is called on to amputate an extremity. Occasionally amputation may have to be resorted to as a life-saving measure, in far-advanced tuberculosis or other bone disease. The fact, therefore, that such occasions do arise, as well as the fact that the procedure to be described involves essentially orthopedic principles, are sufficient reasons for bringing up the subject before this Section. In conditions requiring amputation through or in the neighborhood of the knee-joint the surgeon has a considerable variety of operative methods to choose from. In this choice he is influenced in the first place by the pathologic condition present which determines how much of the limb must be sacrificed regardless of other conditions, and in the second place by the desire to leave the patient as useful a stump as possible. In the latter consideration weight-bearing is probably the most important factor.
T lymphocytes in lesional skin of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis
Authors: J.J. GARIOCH, B.S. BAKER, J.N. LEONARD, L. FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Ten patients with dermatitis herpetiformis had biopsies taken from involved and uninvolved skin. Monoclonal antibodies and the avidin-biotin peroxidase staining technique were used to stain for T cells and Langerhans cells in skin sections. A significant increase in the number of CD3-positive T cells was observed in the upper dermis of involved compared with uninvolved skin (P < 0.0005). Most of the T cells in involved skin were CD45RO-positive memory cells; CD4-positive T cells exceeded the number of CD8-positive T cells by a ratio of 4:1. In addition, CD1a-positive dendritic cells were observed within the clumps of T cells in involved dermis in nine of the 10 patients, but were absent from the dermis of uninvolved skin. Double immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that approximately 20-40% of the CD3-positive T cells were activated, and expressed the HLA-DR antigen. These findings suggest that activated T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of dermatitis herpetiformis skin lesions.
Tertiary Endosymbiosis Driven Genome Evolution in Dinoflagellate Algae
Authors: Hwan Su Yoon, Jeremiah D. Hackett, Frances M. Van Dolah, Tetyana Nosenko, Kristy L. Lidie, Debashish Bhattacharya
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Dinoflagellates are important aquatic primary producers and cause "red tides." The most widespread plastid (photosynthetic organelle) in these algae contains the unique accessory pigment peridinin. This plastid putatively originated via a red algal secondary endosymbiosis and has some remarkable features, the most notable being a genome that is reduced to 1-3 gene minicircles with about 14 genes (out of an original 130-200) remaining in the organelle and a nuclear-encoded proteobacterial Form II Rubisco. The "missing" plastid genes are relocated to the nucleus via a massive transfer unequaled in other photosynthetic eukaryotes. The fate of these characters is unknown in a number of dinoflagellates that have replaced the peridinin plastid through tertiary endosymbiosis. We addressed this issue in the fucoxanthin dinoflagellates (e.g., Karenia brevis) that contain a captured haptophyte plastid. Our multiprotein phylogenetic analyses provide robust support for the haptophyte plastid replacement and are consistent with a red algal origin of the chromalveolate plastid. We then generated an expressed sequence tag (EST) database of 5,138 unique genes from K. brevis and searched for nuclear genes of plastid function. The EST data indicate the loss of the ancestral peridinin plastid characters in K. brevis including the transferred plastid genes and Form II Rubisco. These results underline the remarkable ability of dinoflagellates to remodel their genomes through endosymbiosis and the considerable impact of this process on cell evolution.
SOX4 enables oncogenic survival signals in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Parham Ramezani-Rad, Huimin Geng, Christian Hurtz, Lai N. Chan, Zhengshan Chen, Hassan Jumaa, Ari Melnick, Elisabeth Paietta, William L. Carroll, Cheryl L. Willman, Véronique Lefebvre, Markus Müschen
Journal: Blood (2012)
Chemical and toxicological characterization of residential oil burner emissions: II. Mutagenic, tumorigenic, and potential teratogenic activity.
Authors: A G Braun, W F Busby, H L Liber, W G Thilly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Extracts of effluents from a modern residential oil burner have been evaluated in several toxicological assay systems. Bacterial mutagens were detected in extracts from both the particulate and vapor phase emissions. Effluents from continuous operation were an order of magnitude less mutagenic than those from cyclic (5 min on, 10 min off) operations. No difference in the yield of bacterial mutagens per gram of fuel burned was found between cyclic operation under low and moderate sooting conditions. On the basis of elution behavior from alumina it appeared that the bacterial mutagens collected from high sooting effluents were more polar than those from low sooting effluent. An extract that was mutagenic in bacteria did not induce a significant increase in mutation frequency to human lymphoblasts. No evidence of tumorigenicity was observed in a limited number of newborn mice after IP injection of effluent extract when compared to historical control data. Putative nonmutagenic teratogens were detected in effluent using an attachment inhibition assay. The level of these agents was reduced in effluents from continuous oil burner operation.
Modernism, Medicine, and William Carlos Williams
Authors: John L. Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (1995)

William Carlos Williams graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Medical School in 1906 and, following an internship in New York City and pediatric training in Leipzig, Germany, put up his shingle in 1910 in Rutherford, NJ. When Williams began practice, medicine was rapidly moving from the horseand-buggy era into the modern age. Old theories had been discarded in favor of observation and experiment. Science was beginning to move from the laboratory into the doctor's office. Likewise, dramatic changes were also occurring in literature. The movement known as "modernism" was in its infancy. Its great practitioners—Joyce, Pound, Eliot, and Williams himself—were on the threshold of flexing their early voices. In<i>Modernism, Medicine, and William Carlos Williams</i>, T. Hugh Crawford has written a fascinating book on the relationship of science, medicine, and medical education to the rise of modernism in literature. Crawford uses Williams' work as a focal point or linchpin connecting
What the new European parliament might do about health
Authors: R Watson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

It is a fairly safe bet that European public health will not be one of the central issues in the forthcoming campaign to elect the 567 new members of the European parliament. There may be the occasional sniping at governments as opposition parties point to better working conditions and health records in other European Union countries. But the responsibility for such matters remains essentially in national hands.

Yet the European Parliament has been taking an increasing interest in health issues, and its successor, which starts its five year term of office in mid July, looks set to continue the trend. The idea has even been mooted of giving public health in Europe a higher political profile by making it the sole responsibility of one of the score or so parliamentary committees on which members of the European parliament sit.

The suggestion, which also reflects personal jostling for authority among MEPs, is …
A licence for breast cancer screening?
Authors: J B Witcombe
Journal: BMJ (1988)

It is unrealistic to expect that the best results which have been reported from some research programmes will be equalled after the introduction of a nationwide breast screening service in Britain. Stringent methods of quality control will be needed or potential benefits will not be realised. Despite the disadvantages an effective method of accreditation may be the only way to contain the cost to both healthy women and the National Health Service.
756-5 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Dual Chamber Pacing: Impact of Atrio-Ventricular Delay on Obstruction Assessed by Doppler Echocardiography
Authors: Maria-Angela Losi, Sandro Betocchi, Carlo Briguori, Fiore Manganelli, Giuseppe Stabile, Fabio Franculli, Carlo Pappone, Massimo Chiariello
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)