tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Purulent Meningitis Due to<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>
Authors: Fred G. Colwell, John Sullivan, H. H. Shuman, Joel R. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

INTRACRANIAL infections caused by members of the genus clostridium are uncommon, especially among civilians. The problem of meningitis caused by anaerobic organisms was studied extensively by British and Russian workers in battle injuries during World War II.1 2 3 Purulent meningitis arising from clostridial infections was seen only as a complication of intracranial abscesses. Cairns et al.3 reported only 4 cases in which clostridium species were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid. In these cases only a moderate cellular response was noted. They saw no small wound infections caused by the organism in which the intracranial cellular reaction could be regarded as severe. . . .
MEDULLARY ANESTHESIA IN GYNECOLOGY.
Authors: J. RIDDLE GOFFE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

It is now about one year and a half since Bier, of Kiel, Germany, announced to the profession that he had found a new method of anesthesia, consisting of injections of cocain into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord<sup>1</sup>. His methods were promptly put to the test by various obstetricians, gynecologists and surgeons, and to-day the whole surgical world is agog to learn the indications for the use of this method, its limitations and its special field. The original supposition was that it was applicable to cases demanding a limited field of work and the practice of the early operators was to confine it to operations upon the lower extremities. This was gradually extended to include operations within the pelvis, the line of analgesic demarcation being drawn at the umbilicus. This naturally led to the conclusion that the special field for its application was embraced in the three
A case of pemphigus vulgaris in association with Addisonian pernicious anaemia
Authors: R.M. MacKIE, N.K. SAIKIA, W.N. MORLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A case is reported in which the diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris was followed 4 months later by that of Addisonian pernicious anaemia. The lack of case reports of the co-existence of pemphigus vulgaris and other autoimmune diseases, with the exception of myasthenia gravis, is discussed.
Massive Hemopericardium Due To External Cardiac Massage
Authors: Ronald Herman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Kouwenhoven et al<sup>1</sup>showed that circulation might be restored after cardiac arrest by means of repeated firm pressure on the intact thoracic cage. Subsequent experience has shown that this may cause damage to the thoracic cage or viscera. We have not, however, been able to find any report of massive hemopericardium following this procedure, and therefore record the following case: A 79-year-old woman was admitted to Addenbrooke's Hospital on July 11, 1964, with a history of pain in the right calf and foot for one month. On examination, the right femoral pulse was present but no pulses could be felt lower in the limb. There was a gangrenous patch under the great toenail and an infected area of skin between the fourth and fifth toes. An ovoid swelling was present in the right popliteal fossa. Blood pressure was 160/85 mm Hg. An electrocardiogram indicated left bundle branch
Effect of bran particle size on stool weight.
Authors: A J Brodribb, C Groves
Journal: Gut (1978)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objectives</h3> People with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have a larger choroid plexus (CP) volume than healthy controls. We investigated CP volume in early MS by quantitatively assessing brain MRI scans in patients presenting with optic neuritis (ON) as a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), compared to a cohort with established Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) and healthy controls. <h3>Methods</h3> Pre- and post-gadolinium 3D-T1, 3D FLAIR and diffusion-weighted images were acquired from 44 CIS ON patients at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the onset of ON. Fifty RRMS patients and 50 healthy controls were also included for comparison. <h3>Results</h3> ANOVA revealed significantly larger CP volumes in both ON CIS and RRMS groups compared to healthy controls (p&lt;0.001 for both), but no difference between ON CIS and RRMS patients (p=0.9) Twenty-three ON CIS patients who converted to CDMS during 10 years of follow-up demonstrated CP volume similar to RRMS patients, but significantly larger compared to healthy controls (p&lt;0.001). Increased CP volume was identified even in a sub-group of patients without MS-like lesions at baseline (p&lt;0.001). A significant (∼6%) transient increase of CP volume was observed following a new bout of inflammation, which, however, returned to pre-inflammatory state few months later. CP volume was not associated with the severity of acute inflammation of the optic nerve or long-term optic nerve axonal loss, not with brain lesion load or severity of tissue damage within lesions. <h3>Interpretation</h3> Our data demonstrate that enlarged CP can be observe very early in a disease, transiently reacts to acute inflammation, but not associated with the degree of tissue destruction.
Update: A 60-Year-Old Woman With Mild Memory Impairment
Authors: Howard Libman
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ABC of monitoring drug therapy. Aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Authors: J. K. Aronson, D. J. Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Tne clearance or aminoglycosiae antibiotics rrom the body falls as renal function falls.Monitoring the serum concentrations of aminoglycoside antibiotics is an important part of treatment as their toxic:therapeutic ratio is very low.In addition, the pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides vary considerably from person to person, making accurate prediction of initial dosage difficult.The sources of this variation are differences in renal function and tissue distribution.
TNF polymorphism and bronchoalveolar lavage cell TNF-α levels in chronic beryllium disease and beryllium sensitization
Authors: Hiroe Sato, Lori Silveira, Tasha Fingerlin, Karen Dockstader, May Gillespie, Anna L. Lagan, Penny Lympany, Richard T. Sawyer, Roland M. du Bois, Kenneth I. Welsh, Lisa A. Maier
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
EXTENT, LOCATION, AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF NON-INFARCT RELATED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AMONG PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Duk-Woo Park, Robert Clare, Phillip Schulte, Karen Pieper, Robert Califf, Erik Ohman, Frans Van de Werf, Robert Harrington, Paul Armstrong, Christopher Granger, Manesh Patel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
I lost my breast but is anyone to blame?
Authors: J. Reed
Journal: BMJ (1998)

I often wonder why people cannot accept the risks in life. Please don't get me wrong; I do believe that medical negligence should be exposed and punished. It's just that I also feel that, all too often, patients and their relatives look to blame someone (a doctor) or something (a drug) unjustifiably.

Let me use my own recent medical history to illustrate my points: I started treatment with the contraceptive pill at 15 and remained on it until I was 30. I became pregnant a year later but unfortunately miscarried at 12 weeks. Four months later I discovered that I was pregnant again and at almost the same time found a small lump in my breast. I told my general practitioner of both conditions, was booked in for routine antenatal care for the former, and was told that the latter was almost certainly a benign fibroadenoma.

With the breast changes associated with pregnancy and breastfeeding I was unaware of the continued existence of the lump until my daughter was 7 months old. At that time I discovered that it had grown in size quite significantly and again visited my doctor. He still thought that it was a benign fibroadenoma but referred me to a consultant surgeon who I saw a few weeks later. I was told a benign condition was the most likely diagnosis but that the lump should be removed. A fine needle biopsy was done and I was booked in for surgery. Before the lumpectomy I was told that the …
What Is the Relationship between Haptoglobin, Malaria, and Anaemia?
Authors: Stephen Rogerson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

In malaria-endemic countries of Africa, anaemia is very common in pregnant women and in children under five. Although anaemia is multifactorial—causative factors include iron deficiency and other nutritional deficiencies, helminth infection, and HIV—malaria is clearly an extremely important factor. Over half of malaria-related deaths are attributed to severe malaria anaemia (which is defined as malaria parasitaemia and a haemoglobin (Hb) concentration less than 50 g/l) [1]. Several antimalarial interventions have been shown to prevent anaemia, including insecticide-treated nets, residual spraying, malaria chemoprophylaxis, and, more recently, intermittent presumptive treatment of infants (i. e., antimalarials coadministered with childhood immunization). Insecticide-treated nets have been shown to decrease all-cause mortality [2].

The pathogenesis of malaria anaemia remains incompletely understood. Dyserythropoiesis (disordered red cell development, which is, at least in part, due to inflammatory cytokines acting on erythroid precursors), intravascular haemolysis of infected red cells, and destruction of both parasitized and uninfected erythrocytes by splenic macrophages are all important [3,4]. Interestingly, it has been estimated that ten or more uninfected erythrocytes may be lost for each infected one [5], presumably because malaria infection alters uninfected erythrocytes. The probable causes of red cell loss include oxidation of band 3 (the anion transporter of the erythrocyte membrane) or membrane lipids, and deposition of IgG, complement, or immune complexes on the erythrocyte surface.
Bronchial anastomotic complications following lung transplantation: still a major cause of morbidity?
Authors: RA Schmid, A Boehler, R Speich, HR Frey, EW Russi, W Weder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

The frequency of bronchial anastomotic complications following lung transplantation has decreased in recent years, but continues to be a potential cause of morbidity and mortality. We have, therefore, reviewed the results of 67 consecutive bronchial anastomoses at risk in 43 patients surviving more than 7 days following lung transplantation. The bronchial anastomoses were performed using a standardized technique, without direct or indirect revascularization. Regular triple immunosuppressive therapy was given, including prednisone (0.5 mg x kg(-1) daily) starting on the day of surgery. Bronchial healing was graded using the Couraud classification. The median follow-up time was 14 months (range 1-45 months). No major airway complications occurred. On 236 serial bronchoscopic examinations, no anastomotic stenoses were observed. One anastomosis showed limited focal necrosis (2 mm) (Couraud 3a), and two anastomoses had partial primary mucosal healing without necrosis (Couraud 2a). In all other anastomoses, primary mucosal healing (Couraud 1) was observed. Carefully performed bronchial anastomosis according to the technique described enables reliable bronchial healing and yields a low complication rate. Additional measures, such as direct revascularization, forced telescoping, omentum wrap and interruption of steroid therapy, are not necessary.
Growth and differentiation of human epidermal cultures used as auto- and allografts in humans
Authors: M. FAURE, G. MAUDUIT, D. SCHMITT, J. KANITAKIS, A. DEMIDEM, J. THIVOLET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Human keratinocytes from small skin specimens were grown on mouse 3T3 cell feeder layers into epidermal sheets free from Langerhans cells and MHC class II antigen. These were found to be suitable for the permanent coverage of wounds when used as autografts or allografts. We report here the ultrastructural differentiation of this cultured epidermis after grafting onto autologous or allogeneic recipients. The cultured epidermis was a thin but multilayered Malpighian epithelium composed of keratinocytes at different stages of differentiation. The dermo-epidermal basement membrane was newly synthesized during the first few days following transplantation onto de-epidermized wounds. The analysis of keratins and examination of various keratinocyte membrane antigens by immunofluorescence indicated that full terminal epithelial differentiation was only achieved after in vivo transplantation of the cultured epidermis. Langerhans cells, absent in cultures, progressively colonized the grafts, while melanocytes, not detectable in sections of the cultures, were identified among the keratinocytes 2 weeks after grafting.
<i>BRAF</i>,<i>NRAS</i>and<i>MC1R</i>status in a prospective series of primary cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Z. García-Casado, V. Traves, J. Bañuls, M. Niveiro, E. Gimeno-Carpio, A.I. Jimenez-Sanchez, M. Moragón, J.A. Onrubia, V. Oliver, R. Kumar, E. Nagore
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Data S1. Detailed materials and methods. Table S1. Summary of BRAF exon 15 and NRAS 2 genotypes. Table S2. Distribution of nonsynonymous MC1R variants in patients with melanoma (n = 191). Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A3.2 A CD4+ T-Cell Gene Expression Signature Predicts Drug Survival on Methotrexate Monotherapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: AG Pratt, PM Brown, SJ Cockell, G Wilson, JD Isaacs
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background/Purpose</h3> The mechanism of action of methotrexate (MTX) in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains incompletely understood. Making use of an existing dataset, we investigated the CD4+ T-cell transcriptome in early RA patients, seeking biomarkers for drug survival on MTX monotherapy and associated pharmacological insights. <h3>Methods</h3> In previous work [1] RNA was rapidly extracted from peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells of 173 early arthritis clinic attendees, at which time patients had been symptomatic for a median of 12 weeks, and were naïve to immunomodulatory treatments. Transcriptional profiling was undertaken using Illumina WG6v3 BeadChip oligonucleotide array technology. For this study a sub-cohort of RA patients was retrospectively identified, whose initial treatment with MTX monotherapy was continued for as long as deemed successful between patient and consulting rheumatologist. Intra-muscular steroid bolus administration (but not oral steroid therapy) was permitted during the study at the discretion of the consulting rheumatologist. MTX monotherapy survival after ≥1 year follow-up (median 28 months) was used as a surrogate outcome for efficacy, and bio informatics analysis was performed using GeneSpring XI (Agilent). <h3>Results</h3> Amongst 31 eligible patients, 19 (61%) remained on MTX monotherapy at the end of follow-up, but the treatment strategy was unsuccessful (and required modification) for the remaining 12 (39%). Baseline characteristics and final methotrexate doses were comparable between the two groups. 133 CD4+ T-cell transcripts were identified as being differentially expressed between comparator groups at baseline (&gt;1.2 fold-change; p &lt; 0.05) and a metric derived from their normalised expression values demonstrated a promising discriminatory utility with respect to MTX mono- therapy survival (area under ROC curve 0.91). Functional analysis identified an over-representation of genes involved in apoptosis (11/133 genes; hypergeometric p = 0.000045). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although limited by its reliance on a surrogate efficacy outcome, our pilot study has identified potential transcriptional biomarkers for drug survival on MTX monotherapy amongst early RA patients. Alongside their potential clinical applicability, they suggest that this treatment's efficacy may depend on its ability to regulate CD4+ T-cell survival. Validation amongst a clinically well-characterised, independent early RA cohort is now on-going. <h3>Reference</h3> Pratt AG <i>et al</i>, <i>ARD</i> 2012.
Prospective Assessment of Late Conduction Recurrence Across Radiofrequency Lesions Producing Electrical Disconnection at the Pulmonary Vein Ostium in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Riccardo Cappato, Silvia Negroni, Domenico Pecora, Stefano Bentivegna, Pier Paolo Lupo, Adriana Carolei, Cristina Esposito, Francesco Furlanello, Luigi De Ambroggi
Journal: Circulation (2003)

In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing radiofrequency (RF) electrical disconnection of multiple pulmonary veins (PVs), the incidence of late conduction recurrences has not been systematically determined.Using a prospectively designed, multistep approach, we aimed at assessing the correlation between acute achievement and chronic maintenance of electrical conduction block across RF lesions disconnecting the distal tract of the PV in 43 patients (52.3+/-8.2 years) with AF. Forty-one left superior (LS), 42 right superior (RS), 25 left inferior (LI), and 9 right inferior (RI) PVs were targeted during 108 EP procedures (2.6+/-0.5 per patient). Seventeen patients underwent 2 procedures, 23 patients underwent 3 procedures, and 3 patients underwent 4 procedures. During the first attempt, electrical disconnection was achieved in 112 PVs (95.7%). During a next procedure (time interval, 4.6+/-1.9 months), conduction recurrence was observed in 32 of 39 LSPVs (82.1%), 29 of 40 RSPVs (72.5%), 20 of 24 LIPVs (83.3%), and 7 of 9 RIPV (77.8%). After reablation at gap sites, a later procedure (time interval, 5.1+/-2.4 months) revealed a second recurrence in 13 of 22 LSPVs (59.1%) and 14 of 19 RSPVs (73.7%).Conduction recurrence across disconnecting RF lesions can be observed in approximately 80% of cases 4 months after ablation. After reablation, similar recurrence rates are observed 5 months later. This high rate of late conduction recurrence may contribute significantly to AF recurrence in patients undergoing catheter ablation aiming at disconnection of multiple PVs.
Endoscopic Laser Treatment for Gastrointestinal Vascular Ectasias
Authors: JOHN P. CELLO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Forty-three patients with recurrent bleeding from gastrointestinal vascular ectasias had endoscopic treatment with either an argon or a neodymium-YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser. Although 22 patients had some rebleeding, only 6 patients required resection for recurrent hemorrhage not controlled by laser treatments. Overall, the number of blood transfusions per patient decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) when calculated for 6-month periods before and after initial laser treatments (1.5 ± 0.2 U/month compared to 0.5 ± 0.1 U/month). Rebleeding after the initial laser treatment was significantly more likely in patients with upper gastrointestinal ectasias than in patients with colonic lesions only (p < 0.005).
Decline and Rise of Psychoanalysis-Reply
Authors: Leon Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Journalhas again attempted to sound the death knell of freudian psychoanalysis, despite the fact that it remains the<i>only</i>effective scientific system of observation of intrapsychic phenomena and their relationships to disease processes, both psychic and somatic. To imply that a body of science and a medical subspecialty is close to its demise because its treatment modalities are limited to carefully selected patients, would be equivalent to condemning the field of surgery because it is limited in its scope. Prejudice against a psychological science has no place in a scientific journal, especially one with the influence ofThe Journal. Psychoanalysis continues to progress slowly and painfully because of the nature of our field of inquiry. However, its literature is increasing, and the interest within the field of psychiatry is significant, if not overwhelming. We could do more, I think, if we did not have to
Letter: Medical management of heartburn.
Authors: K S Mullard
Journal: BMJ (1974)

syvmpathetic afferent fibres or Bi receptor sites in the lung which are known to stimulate ADH secretion.3The involvement of the vagus nerve by a bronchogenic carcinoma and associated inappropriate ADH secretion is described by Bower et al.6However, they were also able to substantiate the antidiuretic activity of the tumour and postulated this and the possibility of dis- tortion of vagal afferent impulses as a cause of inappropriate ADH secretion in their patient.The stress of the acute disease may also play a part, though the ADH response to stress has not been shown to be sus- stained.3-Iam, etc.,
A British Medical Association Lecture ON THE WAR PHYSICAL CENSUS: Delivered at Aylesbury, May 11th, 1920
Authors: J. Galloway
Journal: BMJ (1920)

JhFTLEMEN,-Meetings of the British Medical Association ~siich as this give an opportunity for discussing subjects of initerest to the community at large as well as the problems of diagnosis and treatment of sick folk.I lhave been in- formed that there will be present at our conference to-day not only medical men of the district in general practice, but also medical officers of schools and others englaged in carrying out the work of the Ministry of Healtlh and the Board of Education; I venture, tlherefore, to draw atten- -tion to the record of tho plhvsical condition of the people now being publislhed by the Government, derived from an analysis of the medical examinations carried out for the purpose of forming and reinforcing our armies during the war.Earlier Attempts to obtiain an Estimate of the Health and Physiqute of the P'eople.Tlhis. is not the first time that there has been an outcry and some dan of believing the statement tllat there is widespread and progressive dbterioration in the con- ditioni of tlle people.Before and after the Soutlh African war the " progedssive physical degeneration of the nation" became a catchlword in the mouths of some of those interested in social reform.The opinion thus expressed was reiterated so often that belief that it was triie was .Nvidely accepted.One good result of tllis outcry was the establishment by the Government of an Interdepartmental Commnittee oil Plhysical Deterioration, wlicih reported in the year 1904.Thlis report is of great value, andsehould be freely in the lhands of our profession, especially those -who are concerned in watclhing anid preventin thie com-