tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15499: Children After Fontan have the Strength, Body Composition, and Daily Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Required for Successful Participation with Peers
Authors: Patricia E Longmuir, Mary Corey, Guy Faulkner, Jennifer L Russell, Brian W McCrindle
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: This cross-sectional study evaluated the healthy, active lifestyle capacity (daily physical activity, strength, flexibility, body composition) of children after Fontan, which was hypothesized to be lower than healthy peers. Methods: Participants (n=64, 25 female) were 9 ± 2 years of age. Fontan completion occurred at 3 ± 1 years of age. Canadian Health Measures Survey protocols assessed aerobic endurance (walking up/down steps at set pace), strength (handgrip dynamometry), flexibility (sit and reach), body composition (body mass index) and daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (7-day accelerometry). Participant versus published norm differences were evaluated with t-tests. Linear regression evaluated associations with age/gender/demographic factors. Results: Children after Fontan had strength scores similar (mean difference 1 kg) to their peers, were less likely to be obese (mean difference of body mass index = 1.1 ± 2.5, p=.001) and performed 50 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity per day. Estimated maximal aerobic endurance (mean difference = 21 ± 3 ml/kg/min or 61% of expected) and flexibility (mean difference = 9 ± 8 cm or 64% of expected) were lower than peers(p&lt;.001). Participants performed fewer minutes of daily activity (mean difference from normal 12 ± 17 minutes/day, p&lt;.001), but almost all (60/63) demonstrated the capacity for at least 20 minutes per day. Daily activity was higher with Fontan completion at a younger age (4 ± 2 mins/year) and for those taking antithrombotic medication (7 ± 18 and 22 ± 17 fewer minutes/day for those taking/not taking antithrombotics, respectively). Conclusions: Children after Fontan demonstrate the capacity to successfully perform the daily physical activity associated with optimal health. They have similar levels of strength and good body composition. We recommend that children after Fontan be counselled to expect that they can successfully participate in physically active peer play.
Abstract 2: Sodium Nitroprusside--Enhanced Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Facilitates Intra-arrest Cerebral Therapeutic Hypothermia in a Porcine Model of Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Guillaume Debaty, Timothy Matsuura, Jason Bartos, Jennifer Rees, Scott McKnite, Keith Lurie, Demetris Yannopoulos
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Intra-arrest cooling has been shown to improve survival and neurologic outcome in animal models. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Sodium Nitroprusside enhanced Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (SNPeCPR) on heat exchange during surface cooling. We hypothesized that SNPeCPR would decrease the time to reach brain temperature to &lt;35°C compared to Active Compression Decompression plus Impedance Threshold Device (ACD+ITD) CPR alone, when surface cooling starts during CPR. Further, addition of epinephrine during SNPeCPR would mitigate heat exchange. Methods: After 10 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation, 26 animals were randomized to 3 different protocols: SNPeCPR (n=6), SNPeCPR plus epinephrine (SNP+EPI, n=10) and ACD+ITD alone (Control, n=10). All animals received surface cooling with ice bags at the initiation of CPR. SNPeCPR included ACD+ITD plus abdominal binding, 2mg of SNP every 4min, and no epinephrine during CPR. Control and SNP+EPI groups included 0.5mg of epinephrine every 4min during CPR. Defibrillation occurred after 10 minutes of CPR. After ROSC, an Arctic Sun® at maximum cooling was used on all animals. The primary endpoint was the time to reach brain temperature &lt;35°C. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded continuously. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis test were used to compare continuous variables. Results: Time to reach brain temperature of 35°C was decreased with SNPeCPR vs. Control or SNP+EPI (18 ± 6 min, 53 ± 8 min and 40 ± 9 min, respectively, p=0.03). All animals survived 2h in the SNPeCPR group and 9/10 in the two other groups. Carotid blood flow was higher during CPR in the SNPeCPR group (96 ± 16 ml/min versus 26 ± 7 and 35 ± 5 in the Control and SNP+EPI group, respectively p=0.04). There were no other differences in hemodynamic parameters. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that SNPeCPR facilitates intra-CPR hypothermia, with the brain reaching target temperature (35°C) in less than half of the time of controls without impairing hemodynamics. The addition of epinephrine to SNPeCPR during CPR attenuated its effect on heat exchange.
Surgery: Scientific Principles and Practice
Authors: Col Alvin M. Cotlar
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Surgeons will enter the new millennium with a textbook of surgery that is the newest, most comprehensive, singlevolume work published to date. As a bonus, it comes with a user-friendly review manual equipped with Windows 3.1 study and self-test software. Lazar Greenfield's second edition of<i>Surgery: Scientific Principles and Practice</i>upgrades what was already an outstanding text. One does not need a wheelbarrow to carry this volume, which, although the size of a large dictionary, has easy-to-read print and generous illustrations. Part 1, about a third of the volume, is entitled "Scientific Principles" and meets the challenge of today's emphasis on basic science in the study and practice of surgery. There are the standard chapters on nutrition and metabolism, wound healing, fluids and electrolytes and acidbase balance, infection, and shock. The extensive chapter on trauma is a mini textbook in itself with over 400 references. It has an excellent review
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Authors: C. Coles, M. Williams, N. Burnet, B. E Trytko, M. Bennett, R. Leach, P. Wilmshurst
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—Leach et al discuss various clinical applications of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.1 They conclude that the use of hyperbaric oxygen should be evidence based, but their article omits an important and much researched clinical use—combined radiotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen in patients with cancer.

Hyperbaric oxygen was first used 50 years ago to increase cellular oxygen delivery and thus overcome hypoxia as a cause of tumour radioresistance. The Medical Research Council coordinated several large multicentre trials. Significant benefit was found in both locoregional tumour control and survival in head and neck cancer2 and carcinoma of the uterine cervix.3 A meta-analysis of combined hyperbaric oxygen and radiotherapy reviewed 19 trials in tumours at various sites with a total of 2488 patients.4 Locoregional control with the combined modality was 62%, versus 53% with radiotherapy alone (P<0.0001). Subgroup analysis showed that the greatest improvement in local control and survival occurred in head and neck cancer.

This scientifically proved application of hyperbaric oxygen is now unused. It was initially hoped that chemical radiosensitisers would substitute for hyperbaric oxygen and so simplify treatment, because animal studies had generated considerable optimism; clinical trials, however, showed only marginal therapeutic gain.

Other evidence based developments in radiotherapy have not been implemented. Recent trials of altered radiotherapy fractionation have shown increased local control and survival in some tumours.5 The head and neck hyperfractionation trial of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer showed a 19% absolute (47.5% relative) increase in local control and consequent increase in survival. In non-small cell lung cancer a 9% absolute improvement in survival was obtained with continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy.

These strategies are largely neglected in the United Kingdom because of a lack of radiotherapy resources. The Faculty of Clinical Oncology’s report on radiotherapy in 1992-7 shows large inequalities in service provision, with unacceptable delays before radiotherapy is started. To provide an acceptable minimum of four linear accelerators per million population, capital investment of £50 million a year for five years is required, with commitment to the revenue cost of trained staff. This should be a stated target of the NHS modernisation fund. Radiotherapy is the most important non-surgical modality in the curative treatment of cancer, yet it is underused in the United Kingdom because of a lack of resources. At present, evidence based practice in radiotherapy is unachievable.
Abstract 3861: Hyaluronan-CD44v3 interaction with oct4/sox2/nanog promotes miR-302 expression leading to self-renewal, clonal formation and cisplatin resistance in cancer stem cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lilly Y W Bourguignon, Gabriel Wong, Christine Earle
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly malignant cancer associated with major morbidity and mortality. In this study we determined that human HNSCC-derived HSC-3 cells contain a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) characterized by a high levels of CD44v3 and aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) expression. These tumor cells also express several stem cell markers (the transcription factors-Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog) and display the hallmark CSC properties of self-renewal/clonal formation and the ability to generate heterogeneous cell populations. Importantly, hyaluronan (HA) stimulates the CD44v3 (an HA receptor) interaction with Oct4/Sox2/Nanog leading to both a complex formation and the nuclear translocation of three CSC transcription factors. Further analysis reveals that microRNA-302 (miR-302) is controlled by an upstream promoter containing Oct4/Sox2/Nanog binding sites, while chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrate that stimulation of miR-302 expression by HA/CD44 is Oct4/Sox2/Nanog-dependent in HNSCC-specific CSCs. This process results in suppression of several epigenetic regulators (AOF1/AOF2 and DNMT1) and the upregulation of several survival proteins (cIAP-1, cIAP-2 and XIAP) leading to self-renewal, clonal formation and cisplatin resistance. These CSCs were transfected with a specific anti-miR-302 inhibitor in order to silence miR-302 expression and block its target functions. Our results demonstrate that the anti-miR-302 inhibitor not only enhances the expression of AOF1/AOF2 and DNMT1, but also abrogates the production of cIAP-1, cIAP-2 and XIAP and HA/CD44v3-mediated cancer stem cell functions. Taken together, these findings strongly support the contention that the HA-induced CD44v3 interaction with Oct4/Sox2/Nanog signaling plays a pivotal role in miR-302 production leading to AOF1/AOF2/DNMT1 downregulation and survival protein activation. All of these events are critically important for the acquisition of cancer stem cell properties including self-renewal, clonal formation and chemotherapy resistance in HA/CD44v3-activated head and neck cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Lilly Y W Bourguignon, Gabriel Wong, Christine Earle. Hyaluronan-CD44v3 interaction with oct4/sox2/nanog promotes miR-302 expression leading to self-renewal, clonal formation and cisplatin resistance in cancer stem cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3861. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3861
Pharmacokinetics of the soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat in individuals with renal impairment
Authors: Reiner Frey, Corina Becker, Sigrun Unger, Anja Schmidt, Georg Wensing, Wolfgang Mueck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Riociguat is the first oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. This pooled analysis of two non-randomized, non-blinded, observational studies evaluated the pharmacokinetics of riociguat and its metabolite M1 (BAY 60-4552) in individuals with and without renal impairment. Participants were assigned to 1 of 4 groups according to their creatinine clearance (CLCR): group 1, CLCR > 80 mL/min; group 2, CLCR 50–80 mL/min; group 3, CLCR 30–49 mL/min; group 4, CLCR < 30 mL/min. In the first study, group 4 received 0.5 mg riociguat; all other participants in both studies received 1 mg (single tablet doses). Pharmacokinetics were assessed using dense sampling. 63 participants (40 m, 23 f; age 36–78 years) completed the study. Riociguat was rapidly absorbed; median time to reach maximum concentration in plasma was 1 h in all 4 groups. Mean half-life of total riociguat was longer in groups 2–4 (9.5–11.4 h) than in group 1 (6.2 h), and renal clearance decreased with decreasing renal function. Exposure to total riociguat (mean area under the concentration–time curve/dose per kg body weight), was up to ∼100% higher in groups 2–4 than in group 1. However, exposure was highly variable in groups 2–4. Results for unbound riociguat and unbound M1 were similar to those for total riociguat and total M1. No serious or severe adverse events occurred. No change in safety or tolerability was observed with decreasing CLCR. Thus, the safety profile of riociguat in individuals with renal impairment was similar to that in healthy controls. Riociguat exposure was greater in individuals with renal impairment than in healthy controls, and was highly variable.
Abstract 19547: Novel Hemodynamic Subsets in Predicting the Need for Inotropic Support in Heart Failure
Authors: Muneyoshi Tanimura, Kaoru Dohi, Tetsushiro Takeuchi, Yuichi Sato, Emiyo Sugiura, Naoto Kumagai, Shiro Nakamori, Naoki Fujimoto, Norikazu Yamada, Mashio Nakamura, Masaaki Ito
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Forrester hemodynamic subsets, originally applied to acute myocardial infarction, were widely used for clinical assessment and treatment of any types of heart failure (HF). We aimed to elucidate the best hemodynamic parameter to propose novel hemodynamic subsets in predicting the need for inotropic support in patients with chronic HF. Methods: Consecutive 202 patients with HF (66 ± 16 years old, 138 males) underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) before initiation of in-hospital pharmacological therapies for HF within 72 hours after hospital admission between January 2011 and March 2014. Patients who required urgent treatment before RHC were excluded. Left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) was estimated by the formula: (mean blood pressure - mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mPCWP)) * stroke volume index * 0.0136 (g/m2/beat). Results: Although 186 patients were successfully treated with diuretics and/or vasodilators, 16 (7.9 %) patients required inotropic support during hospita...
Immune Complexes in Cancer: Demonstration of Complexes in Mice Bearing Neuroblastomas2
Authors: Michael B. A. Oldstone
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Immune Complexes in Cancer: Demonstration of Complexes in Mice Bearing Neuroblastomas Get access Michael B. A. Oldstone Michael B. A. Oldstone Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 54, Issue 1, January 1975, Pages 223–228, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/54.1.223 Published: 01 January 1975 Article history Received: 30 August 1974 Accepted: 30 September 1974 Published: 01 January 1975
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Array (SNP-A) Karyotype Is the Best Predictor of Prognosis In Normal Cytogenetics Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)
Authors: Azim M Mohamedali, Robert K Hills, Erick E Nasser, Atiyeh Abdallah, Sneha Shinde, Austin G Kulasekararaj, Amanda Gilkes, Nicholas Lea, Alan K Burnett, Ghulam J. Mufti
Journal: Blood (2011)
A mutant mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly protein causes complex III deficiency in patients with tubulopathy, encephalopathy and liver failure
Authors: Pascale de Lonlay, Isabelle Valnot, Antoni Barrientos, Marina Gorbatyuk, Alexander Tzagoloff, Jan-Willem Taanman, Emmanuel Benayoun, Dominique Chrétien, Noman Kadhom, Anne Lombès, Hélène Ogier de Baulny, Patrick Niaudet, Arnold Munnich, Pierre Rustin, Agnès Rötig
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Low-Gradient Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Sebastian Herrmann, Stefan Störk, Markus Niemann, Volkmar Lange, Jörg M. Strotmann, Stefan Frantz, Meinrad Beer, Stefan Gattenlöhner, Wolfram Voelker, Georg Ertl, Frank Weidemann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract 14952: Automated Quantitative PET/CT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: Normal Limits and Correlation with Invasive Coronary Angiography
Authors: Ryo Nakazato, Piotr S Slomka, Balaji K Tamarappoo, Xingping Kang, Victor Y Cheng, Haim Shmilovich, Sean W Hayes, Louise E Thomson, John D Friedman, Daniel S Berman
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Computer algorithms for assessment of myocardial perfusion imaging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) have been described, but there have been few reports of...
Getting research findings into practice: Closing the gap between research and practice: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions to promote the implementation of research findings
Authors: L. A Bero, R. Grilli, J. M Grimshaw, E. Harvey, A. D Oxman, M. A. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

This is the seventh in a series of eight articles analysing the gap between research and practice

Series editors: Andrew Haines and Anna Donald

Despite the considerable amount of money spent on clinical research relatively little attention has been paid to ensuring that the findings of research are implemented in routine clinical practice.1 There are many different types of intervention that can be used to promote behavioural change among healthcare professionals and the implementation of research findings. Disentangling the effects of intervention from the influence of contextual factors is difficult when interpreting the results of individual trials of behavioural change.2 Nevertheless, systematic reviews of rigorous studies provide the best evidence of the effectiveness of different strategies for promoting behavioural change. 3 4 In this paper we examine systematic reviews of different strategies for the dissemination and implementation of research findings to identify evidence of the effectiveness of different strategies and to assess the quality of the systematic reviews.

#### Summary points

Systematic reviews of rigorous studies provide the best evidence on the effectiveness of different strategies to promote the implementation of research findings

Passive dissemination of information is generally ineffective

It seems necessary to use specific strategies to encourage implementation of research based recommendations and to ensure changes in practice

Further research on the relative effectiveness and efficiency of different strategies is required

We searched Medline records dating from 1966 to June 1995 using a strategy developed in collaboration with the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. The search identified 1139 references. No reviews from the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Review Group4 had been published during this time. In addition, we searched the Database of Abstracts of Research Effectiveness (DARE) (http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd) but did not identify any other review meeting the inclusion criteria.

We searched for any review …
Manual of Endocrine Surgery.
Authors: Anthony J. Edis, Clive S. Grant, Richard H. Egdahl
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

ment of those endocrine diseases encountered by the general surgeon. Opera tions on the pituitary gland are, therefore, specifically excluded. It should be most useful to general surgical residents and practicing surgeons, but we hope it will also prove useful to the wide range of physicians who deal with surgically correctable endocrine disorders. The book has four sections - Surgery of the Parathyroids, Thyroid, Pan creas, and Adrenals. Each section deals in a systematic manner with practical aspects of surgical anatomy, physiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment. Specific attention has been given to a detailed description of operative strategy, operative technique, and postoperative management. Individual operative steps are illustrated in full color, with specific figure legends on facing pages. The artwork represents the distillation of twelve months intensive collabora tion between the authors and a staff of medical illustrators to 'ensure anatomic fidelity and clarity. We believe that the use of full color has opened up a new dimension in surgical illustration by providing greater realism and allowing accent of important features. The techniques described herein represent personal preferences. The authors recognize that there may be several satisfactory alternate approaches in every case. Where there is controversy, we have outlined our approach to the problem somewhat dogmatically in the belief that in certain circumstances a single point of view is better than several without selection.
Abstract 9039: Dose Dependent Effect of Statins on the Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Salima Mithani, Yelena Slinin, Michael Kuskowski, Areef Ishani, Edward Mcfalls, Selcuk Adabag
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Acute kidney injury (AKI) after heart surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Whether statins reduce the incidence of postoperative AKI in patients undergoing heart surgery is unknown.   Methods:  We included 2104 consecutive patients who underwent heart surgery at the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center. Primary outcome was AKI (defined as absolute increase of >0.5 mg/dL or a relative increase of >25%, in serum creatinine from the pre-operative value to the peak creatinine measured within 5 days after surgery). Propensity scores for statin use were generated and used to adjust for the differences between the statin and no-statin treatment groups. Statin dosages were converted to equivalent dose of Simvastatin and were divided at the median (40 mg) to construct high-dose and low-dose groups.   Results:  Mean age was 66±10 years and 1435 (68%) patients were taking statins (638 in high-dose) preoperatively. A total of 539 (26%) patients developed AKI (23% of high-dose group vs. 26% of low-dose group vs. 28% of patients not taking statins; p = 0.03). In multivariable analysis after adjusting for propensity score for statin usage, there was a 25% reduction in AKI incidence among patients treated with high-dose statins, compared to patients not treated with statins pre-operatively (odds ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.99; p=0.04)). High-dose statin treatment was also associated with decreased perioperative mortality (p=0.002) and length of stay in the intensive care unit (p=0.01).   Conclusion:  High-dose statin treatment reduces the incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery.