tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of the Internet for Health Information and Communication
Authors: Roger C. Holstein, George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (2003)

To the Editor: Dr Baker and colleagues reported that only 40% of US Internet users search for health information online yearly and that only 9% search for this information on a monthly basis. Industry market research studies, however, report results that differ greatly from the findings of Baker et al. Using random-digit dialing telephone methods, Cybercitizen Health found that 53% of all Internet users visited online health information sites in 2001 and that 65% did so in 2002. In addition, Cybercitizen Health found that 56% of such users accessed these sites monthly in 2001 and that 59% did so in 2002. In contrast, Baker et al found that only 22% of such users visited monthly in 2002. The Cybercitizen Health data also indicated that 30% of all Internet health information users are monthly users of the WebMD Network alone, a percentage in excess of the 22% overall that Baker et al reported. Similarly, according to published WebMD Business Intelligence figures, the WebMD network alone had 15.9 million average monthly visitors in the first quarter of 2002, again far exceeding the 12.1 million that Baker et al estimated for all Internet health sites. We believe that the methods of Baker et al were flawed due to the manner in which the information was collected. The study sample was based on an Internet panel that was given the incentive of a free WebTV offer. Less than 10% of the Internet population uses WebTV, thus making such a panel unlikely to be representative of either the online population or the population as a whole.
Identification of Lymphoid Cells in Cultures of Murine Leukocytes and Thymus
Authors: Timothy R. Burke, George E. Moore, John D. Stobo
Journal: Cancer Research (1975)

Summary  Several culture conditions and media were studied in an effort to establish long-term cultures of murine lymphoid cells from blood and thymus. Culture vessels included small glass bottles and rubber-stoppered tubes. Media such as Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640, 1700, 1701, 1715, GEM 1717, NCTC, fetal calf and horse serum supplements, and conditioned medium were tried.  Lymphoid cells in mouse leukocyte cultures survived as long as eight months before dying out. However, lymphoid cells in thymus cell cultures, started and maintained with GEM 1717 medium with 20% fetal calf serum supplementation, gave rise to cell lines that continued to yield subcultures for more than 2 years.  Microscopic examination of thymus cell subcultures revealed lymphoid and thymic epithelioid cells. Tumorigenicity studies of one cell line were negative. Chromosomal preparations of this cell line often contained near-normal karyotypes but were complicated by the presence of binucleated cells. Live cell fluorescent antibody assays for surface θ-antigen and immunoglobulin revealed immunoglobulin-negative cells possessing barely detectable θ determinants.  Functional assays for thymus-derived lymphoid cell activity suggested that these cells were mitogen responsive and weakly reactive in one-way mixed lymphocyte culture. On the basis of this evidence it was suggested that these cells represent a class of T-cells (thymus-derived lymphocytes) that have all but lost θ-antigen, possibly due to prolonged culture.
Knee Pain and Disability
Authors: Rene Cailliet
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

This popular series, by a distinguished professor of physical medicine, has proved helpful to physicians and therapists all over the world. Each book offers sound, common-sense guidance in diagnosing and treating painful and disabling conditions.In every book, the author's lucid text and instructional drawings provide a strong foundation in the basic and functional anatomy of the pain's region. He discusses various painful conditions and shows how each condition is related to the abnormal mechanism causing the pain or disability. Specific and practical suggestions for treatment help to correct or alter the abnormality discovered from the history and physical examination. Details on the individual books follow.
Sequence analysis of the immunoglobulin antigen receptor of hepatitis C virus–associated non-Hodgkin lymphomas suggests that the malignant cells are derived from the rheumatoid factor–producing cells that occur mainly in type II cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Valli De Re, Salvatore De Vita, Alessandra Marzotto, Maurizio Rupolo, Annunziata Gloghini, Barbara Pivetta, Daniela Gasparotto, Antonino Carbone, Mauro Boiocchi
Journal: Blood (2000)
Clinical Evidence for Topotecan-Paclitaxel Non–Cross-Resistance in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Martin Gore, Wim ten Bokkel Huinink, James Carmichael, Alan Gordon, Neville Davidson, Robert Coleman, Marek Spaczynski, Jean-François Héron, Giorgio Bolis, Henric Malmström, John Malfetano, Claudio Scarabelli, Phillipe Vennin, Graham Ross, Scott Z. Fields
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: A large, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of topotecan versus paclitaxel in patients with relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer showed that these two compounds have similar activity. In this study, a number of patients crossed over to the alternative drug as third-line therapy, ie, from paclitaxel to topotecan and vice versa. We therefore were able to assess the degree of non–cross-resistance between these two compounds. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who had progressed after one platinum-based regimen were randomized to either topotecan (1.5 mg/m 2 /d) × 5 every 21 days (n = 112) or paclitaxel (175 mg/m 2 over 3 hours) every 21 days (n = 114). A total of 110 patients received cross-over therapy with the alternative drug (61 topotecan, 49 paclitaxel) as third-line therapy. RESULTS: Response rates to third-line cross-over therapy were 13.1% (8 of 61 topotecan) and 10.2% (5 of 49 paclitaxel; P = .638). Seven patients who responded to third-line topotecan and four patients who responded to paclitaxel had failed to respond to their second-line treatment. Median time to progression (from the start of third-line therapy) was 9 weeks in both groups, and median survival was 40 and 48 weeks for patients who were receiving topotecan or paclitaxel, respectively. The principal toxicity was myelosuppression; grade 4 neutropenia was more frequent with topotecan (81.4% of patients) than with paclitaxel (22.9% of patients). CONCLUSION: Topotecan and paclitaxel have similar activity as second-line therapies with regard to response rates and progression-free and overall survival. We demonstrated that the two drugs have a degree of non–cross-resistance. Thus, there is a good rationale for incorporating these drugs into future first-line regimens.
International consensus on allergy immunotherapy
Authors: Marek Jutel, Ioana Agache, Sergio Bonini, A. Wesley Burks, Moises Calderon, Walter Canonica, Linda Cox, Pascal Demoly, Antony J. Frew, Robin O'Hehir, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Antonella Muraro, Gideon Lack, Désirée Larenas, Michael Levin, Harald Nelson, Ruby Pawankar, Oliver Pfaar, Ronald van Ree, Hugh Sampson, Alexandra F. Santos, George Du Toit, Thomas Werfel, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Luo Zhang, Cezmi A. Akdis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Strut Separations in Björk–Shiley Mitral Valves
Authors: E W Steyerberg, M J Eijkemans, J D Habbema
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Thomas and Lowitt (Aug. 3 issue) 1 describe a 41-year-old female cocaine abuser who presented with an ischemic stroke due to occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery, documented by angiography.As an exercise in clinical problem-solving, this report is incomplete in its presentation and flawed in its conclusions.First, the patient is described as having aphasia and left hemiparesis, a combination that would occur only in a subgroup of left-handed persons with right hemispheric speech dominance.It is therefore essential that information about handedness and characteristics of the speech disturbance be provided.Second, no other neurologic deficits are described, no description of the final location and size of the infarct on computed tomography (CT) is given, and no information about filling of the lenticulostriate vessels on angiography is provided.Therefore, it cannot be determined whether the leg weakness was due to cortical infarction in the territory of the middle cerebral artery -not an uncommon finding 2 -or to superimposed subcortical infarction.Third, and most troubling, the evidence that links the patient's cerebral infarction to a strangulation attempt four months before her admission is tenuous and does not support the authors' lengthy commentary on domestic violence.The angiogram did not show carotid dissection.The proposal that focal injury to the endothelium of the internal carotid artery at the time of the attempted strangulation may have led to mural thrombosis and delayed embolization is at best a hy-pothesis, which should be entertained in the context of other, more viable hypotheses.In the Stroke Data Bank, fully 40 percent of cerebral infarcts were classified as infarcts of undetermined cause. 3 Of the patients with infarcts of undetermined cause who were evaluated with both CT and angiography, 66 percent were given a diagnosis of embolism from an undetermined source, 3 a category that may be well suited to the case under discussion.Furthermore, a history of cocaine abuse constitutes an important and increasingly prevalent risk factor for stroke 4 and should not be dismissed without toxicologic verification.In addition, information regarding oral-contraceptive use, an important risk factor in young women with stroke, 5 is lacking.Finally, if the "smooth filling defect" in the internal carotid artery was in fact believed to represent a thrombus, why was appropriate treatment (anticoagulation or surgical exploration) not undertaken to prevent further embolization?
Efficacy and Safety of Etanercept in Patients With the Enthesitis‐Related Arthritis Category of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Results From a Phase III Randomized, Double‐Blind Study
Authors: Gerd Horneff, Ivan Foeldvari, Kirsten Minden, Ralf Trauzeddel, Jasmin B. Kümmerle‐Deschner, Klaus Tenbrock, Gerd Ganser, Hans‐Iko Huppertz
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of etanercept in patients with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).This was a 2-phase study in JIA patients with active, refractory ERA. Phase I was an open-label, uncontrolled 24-week study period in which all patients were administered etanercept. Patients considered to be treatment responders at week 24 according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Pediatric 30 (Pedi 30) criteria for improvement in juvenile arthritis entered the second phase, a 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal study, for an additional 24 weeks, for evaluation of the primary end point, occurrence of a disease flare from week 24 to week 48, based on the ACR preliminary definition of disease flare in juvenile arthritis.Forty-one patients were enrolled. At week 24, treatment with etanercept resulted in response rates of 93%, 93%, 80%, 56%, and 54% based on the ACR Pedi 30, Pedi 50, Pedi 70, Pedi 90, and Pedi 100 criteria, respectively. In addition, a marked decrease in all disease activity measures was observed. The mean number of tender joints, swollen joints, and joints with active arthritis decreased by 91%, 97%, and 94%, respectively. Physician's global assessment of disease activity, parent's assessment of patient's overall well-being, and the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index improved by 91%, 80%, and 86%, respectively. The number of tender enthesis sites and total scores for back pain, nocturnal pain, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, and Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score based on 10-joint counts (JADAS10) decreased by 75%, 72%, 81%, 72%, 85%, and 87%, respectively. In phase II, 38 patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n = 18) or to continue receiving etanercept (n = 20). Up to week 48, 12 disease flares occurred, in 9 patients receiving placebo and 3 patients receiving etanercept (odds ratio 6.0, P = 0.02). There were no serious infections, malignancies, or deaths.In this study of patients with the ERA category of JIA, etanercept proved effective, as indicated by high ACR Pedi response rates and JADAS10 response rates at week 24. Patients who continued treatment with etanercept had significantly fewer flares than those who received placebo, although 50% of patients in the placebo group did not experience a flare. Treatment suspension may be a consideration for patients with the ERA category of JIA who achieve remission.
A 67-year-old man with increasingly frequent angina.
Authors: W L Winters
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Present Medical HistoryA 67-year-old white man presented to Hermann Hospital upon referral from an Austin, Tex, physician for evaluation of recurrent chest pain.Eighteen months before admission the patient first noted episodes of chest discomfort, which he described as a left parasternal sensation of heaviness or tightness variably associated with moderate physical exertion.The discomfort would last 3 to 4 minutes and resolved with rest.He experienced one or two episodes each month.Two months before admission, an exercise stress test was performed and demonstrated 1.0 mm of "flat ST- segment depression" in leads II, III, aVF, and V4 through V6 at peak exercise (Bruce protocol; stage IV, 10 minutes).He experienced no pain during the test, and the ECG changes resolved within 30 seconds of stopping exercise.Five days before admission, the episodes of pain increased markedly in frequency, occurred several times a day, were provoked with only minimal exertion, and occurred at rest.He also noted episodes of left arm pain, with or without chest pain, which would last 30 to 60 minutes.He was pain-free on admission.He denied any asso- ciated nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, palpitations, dyspnea, orthopnea, edema, or fatigue.He reported no other symptoms. Past Medical/Surgical HistoryThe patient had a history of hypercholesterolemia (peak measured cholesterol was 225 mg/dL) and no history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus.Appendectomy, tonsillectomy, and knee surgery had been performed in the remote past.The patient's father had a heart attack at age 79. MedicationsThe patient took enteric-coated acetylsalicylic acid 325 mg daily and applied a nitroglycerin patch (formulation unknown) daily.He was allergic only to penicillin.
THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: A C VAN RAVENSWAAY, L L TITCHE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1954)

Article1 October 1954THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTIONARIE C. VAN RAVENSWAAY, M.D., F.A.C.P., LEON L. TITCHE, M.D.ARIE C. VAN RAVENSWAAY, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, LEON L. TITCHE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-41-4-764 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince many people come to the Southwest because of chronic health problems, it is not surprising that esophageal disease is seen in this area more frequently than is ordinarily the case. The cardinal symptom of malfunction of this organ is dysphagia, and this often indicates some type of obstructing lesion of the esophagus. The purpose of this paper is to review the various types of esophageal disease which may produce obstruction, and the diverse methods of treatment which may be employed. In table 1 are listed the conditions which may produce dysphagia in varying degree. Themore important of these... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication February 20, 1954.From the Veterans Administration Hospital, Tucson, Arizona. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHypertrophic cervical osteophytes causing dysphagia 1 October 1954Volume 41, Issue 4Page: 764-774KeywordsDysphagiaEsophagusLesionsResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1954 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Unadjusted Girl, with Cases and Standpoint for Behavior Analysis.
Authors: William Isaac Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Extracts from "Best Treatments": Treating generalised anxiety disorder * Commentary: Putting research into practice * Commentary: A patient's story of living with anxiety * Commentary: Information for patients receiving cognitive therapy
Authors: A. Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Generalised anxiety disorder is a chronic, disabling mental illness affecting 1-2% of adults. 1 It is characterised by worry and anxiety that are hard to control and that interfere with daily functioning.Although common and treatable, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. 2Only half of people with the disorder consult a doctor for it.Those who do are rarely offered the most effective treatment-cognitive therapy.Most patients are seen and treated by primary care doctors, who may be unfamiliar with the condition.About 8% of patients consulting primary care professionals have generalised anxiety disorder. 3 Treatment involves cognitive therapy or medication.There are large gaps in the evidence on treatments, such as on their long term effects or on the value of combining cognitive therapy with medication. Research Several factors complicate research into treatment of generalised anxiety disorder:x Drug trials have high dropout rates, partly because of side effects 4x The disorder has a relapsing and remitting course; improvements are not always due to treatment x The placebo effect is powerful-trials have to be large to show a treatment effect 5 x Most treatments take several weeks or even months to work 2 x The definition of generalised anxiety disorder has changed four times since 1980. 6Prognosis Complete recovery is rare.Explain to your patients that you are aiming for remission rather than cure.A reasonable goal is to reduce symptoms by about 50% and improve quality of life. 7Patients shouldn't expect any benefit until eight to 12 weeks after starting treatment. 2
Abstract 12809: Pre-Procedural Aortic Valve Area Predicts Degree of Thrombocytopenia Following Trans-Catheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Elizabeth Retzer, Corey Tabit, Jonathan Paul, Sandeep Nathan, Janet Friant, Valluvan Jeevanandam, Husam Balkhy, Takeyoshi Ota, Roberto Lang, Karin Dill, Atman Shah
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Thrombocytopenia (TP) has been described following percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), but only recently noted following trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). While transient, the TP may be severe leading to increased bleeding. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing TAVI with either a 23mm or 26mm Edwards Sapien valve (Edward Lifesciences, Irvine, California) at our institution.. The effect of multiple independent variables on % platelet change after TAVI were analyzed using paired and unpaired T-tests, two-way ANOVA, and Chi-square tests as appropriate. Platelet % change was correlated with aortic valve area using Pearson correlation. A p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 33 patients (54.5% male, median age 79.3, mean valve area 0.76 cm2) were included in this analysis. The degree of aortic valve stenosis significantly correlated with post-procedural TP severity (Figure 1). The degree of TP post TAVI was found to be significantly lower in those patients who received BAV prior to their TAVI procedure (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Post-TAVI TP correlates with the degree of pre-procedure aortic stenosis. Given the need for peri-procedural anticoagulation and post-procedural dual antiplatelet therapy, this finding can help identify patients at risk for symptomatic TP and may help guide post procedure antiplatelet therapy. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated by Flutamide versus Cyproterone Acetate
Authors: Fritz H. Schröder, Peter Whelan, Theo M. de Reijke, Karl Heinz Kurth, Michele Pavone-Macaluso, Johan Mattelaer, Roland F. van Velthoven, Muriel Debois, Laurence Collette
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck * Commentary: Head and neck carcinomas in the developing world
Authors: R J Sanderson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

# Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck {#article-title-2} Public awareness of this common form of cancer needs to be increased because despite important advances in treatment, prognosis still largely depends on the stage of presentation More than 90% of tumours in the head and neck are squamous carcinomas. Cancer of the head and neck, which can arise in several places, is often preventable, and if diagnosed early is usually curable. Unfortunately, patients often present with advanced disease that is incurable or requires aggressive treatment, which leaves them functionally disabled. We have reviewed current practice and potential future advances in the referral, diagnosis, and management of head and neck cancer. #### Summary points We gathered information from several sources, including personal experience of treating head and neck cancer in a multidisciplinary tertiary referral centre and the Medline and Cochrane databases. Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with incidences of more than 30 per 100 000 population in India (oral cancer) and in France and Hong Kong (nasopharyngeal cancer). It constitutes about 4% of all cancers in the United States and 5% in the United Kingdom. A total of 2940 new cases of lip, mouth, and pharyngeal cancer in men were reported in the United Kingdom in 1996: an incidence of … Correspondence to: W Wei