tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Family Medicine And Practice
Authors: Lynn P. Carmichael
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> There have been many attempts in the past to define general practice, that is, to state exactly what it is and what it is not. I will attempt to draw a distinction between general practice and what I call family medicine. Family medicine is an academic discipline housed in the university and is free of political, social and economic implications. Medical practice, on the other hand, is the application of medical knowledge and skills in a community, with implicit economic, social, and political elements. With this distinction between an academic discipline and medical practice in mind, I offer the following definitions. <h3>Family Medicine.—</h3> Family medicine is the branch of medical science that has as its responsibility the continuing health maintainance of the family. The family is viewed in the sociological sense as the basic unit of our society, the "unit of living." Family medicine is a separate
Survey of general practice audit in Leeds.
Authors: S J Webb, A C Dowell, P Heywood
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine general practitioners9 attitudes to medical audit and to establish what initiatives are already being undertaken; to define future ideas for audit and perceived difficulties in implementing audit in primary care. DESIGN--Analysis of responses to a self administered postal questionnaire. SETTING--Urban conurbation with a population of about 750,000. PARTICIPANTS--386 general practitioners on the general medical list of Leeds Family Practitioner Committee. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Extent of recording of practice activity data and outcome measures and clinical data, use of data, and audit performed; ideas for audit and perceived difficulties. RESULTS--317 doctors responded to the questionnaire (individual response rate 82%) from 121 practices (practice response rate 88%). In all, 206 doctors thought that audit could improve the quality of care; 292 collected practice activity data, though 143 of them did not use it. A total of 111 doctors recorded some outcome measures, though half of them did not use them. Varying proportions of doctors had registers, for various diseases (136 had at least one register), disease management policies (60 doctors), and prescribing policies. In all, 184 doctors met monthly with other members of the primary health care team. CONCLUSIONS--Much poorly focused data collection is taking place. Some doctors have experience in setting up basic information systems and practice policies, and some audit is being performed. The family health services authorities need to take seriously the perceived difficulties of time, organisation, and resources concerned with audit.
EGFR T790M mutation as a novel target for immunotherapy against EGFR-TKI-resistant non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tetsuro Sasada, Teppei Yamada, Koichi Azuma, Satoko Matsueda, Kyogo Itoh
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib, have achieved high clinical response rates in patients with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), which possess somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the
Abstract 1135: Enhanced activity of the CREB co-activator Crtc1 in LKB1 null lung cancer
Authors: Yoonsoo Park, Amy Coxon, Takefumi Komiya, Wei-Dong Chen, Maria Zajac-Kaye, Paul Meltzer, Tatiana Karpova, Frederic Kaye
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Activation of Crtc1 (also known as Mect1/Torc1) by a t(11;19) chromosomal rearrangement underlies the etiology of malignant salivary gland tumors. Since LKB1 is a target for mutational inactivation in lung cancer and was recently shown to regulate hepatic Crtc2/CREB transcriptional activity in mice, we now present evidence suggesting disruption of an LKB1/Crtc pathway in cancer. Although Crtc1 is preferentially expressed in adult brain tissues, we observed elevated levels of steady-state Crtc1 in thoracic tumors. In addition, we demonstrate that somatic loss of LKB1 is associated with underphosphorylation of endogenous Crtc1, enhanced Crtc1 nuclear localization, and enhanced expression of the Crtc prototypic target gene, NR4A2/Nurr1. Inhibition of NR4A2 was associated with growth suppression of LKB1-null tumors, but showed little effect on LKB1-wildtype cells. These data strengthen the role of dysregulated Crtc as a bona fide cancer gene, present a new element to the complex LKB1 tumorigenic axis, and suggest that Crtc genes may be aberrantly activated in a wider range of common adult malignancies. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1135.
Transgenic mice expressing high plasma concentrations of human apolipoprotein B100 and lipoprotein(a).
Authors: M F Linton, R V Farese, G Chiesa, D S Grass, P Chin, R E Hammer, H H Hobbs, S G Young
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The B apolipoproteins, apo-B48 and apo-B100, are key structural proteins in those classes of lipoproteins considered to be atherogenic [e.g., chylomicron remnants, beta-VLDL, LDL, oxidized LDL, and Lp(a)]. Here we describe the development of transgenic mice expressing high levels of human apo-B48 and apo-B100. A 79.5-kb human genomic DNA fragment containing the entire human apo-B gene was isolated from a P1 bacteriophage library and microinjected into fertilized mouse eggs. 16 transgenic founders expressing human apo-B were generated, and the animals with the highest expression had plasma apo-B100 levels nearly as high as those of normolipidemic humans (approximately 50 mg/dl). The human apo-B100 in transgenic mouse plasma was present largely in lipoproteins of the LDL class as shown by agarose gel electrophoresis, chromatography on a Superose 6 column, and density gradient ultracentrifugation. When the human apo-B transgenic founders were crossed with transgenic mice expressing human apo(a), the offspring that expressed both transgenes had high plasma levels of human Lp(a). Both the human apo-B and Lp(a) transgenic mice will be valuable resources for studying apo-B metabolism and the role of apo-B and Lp(a) in atherosclerosis.
Comparison of the Adrenocorticotrophic Activities of Two Synthetic Polypeptides: Synacthen and DW 75
Authors: W. W. Downie, K. Whaley, M. A. Wright, M. A. Bell, A. K. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The adrenocorticotrophic activities of two synthetic polypeptides, Synacthen (Ciba) and DW 75 (Sandoz), were compared in two groups of patients having a variety of arthritic disorders. Compared with Synacthen, injected either intramuscularly or intravenously, intravenous DW 75 was found to have a longer duration of adrenocorticotrophic activity (measured by plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid levels) in both groups of patients, while intramuscularly administered DW 75 did not appear to be absorbed well.
THE PROGRESSION TO CARCINOMA OF VIRUS-INDUCED RABBIT PAPILLOMAS (SHOPE)
Authors: Peyton Rous, J. W. Beard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

The papillomas induced in domestic rabbits with virus procured from cottontails undergo progressive changes in the direction of malignancy when they grow vigorously. From the beginning they exhibit the traits whereby tumors are characterized, and they have malignant potentialities. In seven animals of a group of ten carrying papillomas for more than 200 days, cancer has developed, and in an eighth a tumor of problematic malignancy has arisen. One of the remaining two rabbits died early in the cancer period, and the papillomas of the other eventually retrogressed. Ten cottontails with induced growths of much longer duration have not developed cancer. The malignant tumors have all been acanthomatous in type, and have arisen directly from the papillomas by graded, continuous alterations. These have often gone further after malignancy has been attained, and have eventuated in great anaplasia. Metastasis has been frequent, and transplantation to another host has proved successful. Individual growths have occurred expressive of each stage of the transformation to cancer, as if through a stabilization at this stage; yet despite the variety thus afforded, the tumors must all be looked upon as the consequence of alterations in cells of a single sort, namely epidermal cells affected by the virus, and the alterations themselves have taken a single direction. In the morphology of many of the cancers the influence of the virus is still manifest. The better the papilloma grew, the more likely was cancer to occur, and the greater was the tendency to multiple tumors. In the most favorable rabbits malignant changes took place at numerous locations in the papillomatous tissue, and were imminent at many others. Intercurrent factors had much to do with determining frank carcinosis; and when the tendency to it was not marked their influence sometimes seemed crucial. Analogous instances of a graded alteration from papilloma to cancer are frequent in human pathology. The virus that gives rise to the rabbit papillomas must be looked upon as the primary cause of the cancers developing therefrom. Whether it is their proximate cause has yet to be determined.
Importance of MR technique for stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Bernadine R. Donahue, Judith D. Goldberg, John G. Golfinos, Edmond A. Knopp, Jessica Comiskey, Stephen C. Rush, Kerry Han, Vandana Mukhi, Jay S. Cooper
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2003)

We investigated how frequently the imaging procedure we use immediately prior to radiosurgery— triple-dose gadolinium-enhanced MR performed with the patient immobilized in a nonrelocatable head frame and 1-mm-thick MPRAGE (magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo) images (SRS3xGado)—identifies previously unrecognized cerebral metastases in patients initially imaged by conventional MR with single-dose gadolinium (1xGado). Between July 1998 and July 2000, the diagnoses established for 47 patients who underwent radio-surgical procedures for treatment of cerebral metastases at The Gamma Knife Center of New York University were based initially on the 1xGado protocol. In July 1998, we began using SRS3xGado as our routine imaging protocol in preparation for targeting lesions for radiosurgery, using triple-dose gadolinium and acquisition of contiguous 1-mm T1-weighted axial images. Because our SRS3xGado scans sometimes unexpectedly revealed additional metastases, we sought to learn how frequently the initial 1xGado scans would underestimate the number of metastases. We therefore reviewed the number of brain metastases identified on the SRS3xGado studies and compared the results to the number found by the 1xGado protocol, which had initially identified the brain metastases. Additional metastases, ranging from 1 to 23 lesions per patient, were identified on the SRS3xGado scan in 23 of 47 patients (49%). In 57% of the 23 patients, only one additional lesion was identified. The mean time interval between the 1xGado and the SRS3xGado scans was 20.6 days (range, 4 - 83 days), and the number of additional lesions detected and the time interval between two scans were negatively correlated (-0.11). The number of lesions detected on the SRS3xGado was associated only with the number of lesions on the 1xGado and not with any other patient or tumor pretreatment characteristics such as age, gender, largest tumor volume on the 1xGado, or number of days between the 1xGado and the SRS3xGado or prior surgery. The identification of additional lesions with SRS3xGado MR may have implications for patients who are treated with stereotactic radiosurgery alone (without whole-brain irradiation) with single-dose gadolinium imaging, in that unidentified lesions may go untreated. As a result of these findings we continue to use and advocate SRS3xGado scans for radiosurgery.
Clinical implications of frequency-force relation
Authors: B. Johansen, A. J. Hoelen, H. Schneider, F. L. Meijler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Clinical implications of frequency–force relation Bjørn Johansen, Bjørn Johansen From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Adriaan J. Hoelen, Adriaan J. Hoelen From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans Schneider, Hans Schneider From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frits L. Meijler Frits L. Meijler From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue supp1, July 1971, Pages 112–119, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.supp1.112 Published: 01 July 1971
UK waiting lists grow longer
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

With more people waiting for admission to hospital in Britain than are on the dole seeking work, NHS waiting lists have become the main test of Labour's political virility, and more so after another steep rise in the figures occurred in the first quarter of 1998, as was shown last week.

The number of patients waiting at the end of March for a hospital bed in England was 1297700, an increase of 35700 (2.8%) since the previous quarter, compared with a rise of 2% in inpatient activity. In Scotland the rise was 1850, …
Effects of M16209, a new antihyperglycemic agent, on insulin sensitivity in vivo: Euglycemic clamp studies in rats
Authors: Masahiko Ohta, Nobuya Murakami, Katsuaki Kato, Masahiro Mizota, Ichitomo Miwa, Jun Okuda, Yasunao Yoshimasa, Hideshi Kuzuya, Kazuwa Nakao, Hiroo Imura
Journal: Metabolism (1996)
Expression and functional significance of alternatively spliced CS1 fibronectin in rheumatoid arthritis microvasculature.
Authors: M J Elices, V Tsai, D Strahl, A S Goel, V Tollefson, T Arrhenius, E A Wayner, F C Gaeta, J D Fikes, G S Firestein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Expression of fibronectin (FN) isoforms containing CS1, a 25-amino acid sequence present within the alternatively spliced IIICS region of FN, has been analyzed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. Unexpectedly, CS1-containing FN variants were exclusively found on endothelium but not extracellular matrix (ECM) of RA synovium. Lumenal expression of CS1 on RA endothelial cells, as observed by electron microscopy, correlated with inflammation in RA, since normal synovium expressed little CS1 without appreciable decrease in ECM FN. CS1 expression on human endothelial cells was further shown by FN mRNA analyses. In adhesion assays on frozen RA synovial sections, T lymphoblastoid cells expressing functionally activated alpha 4 beta 1 integrin specifically attached to the intravascular surface of RA endothelium. Binding was abrogated by both anti-alpha 4 integrin and CS1 peptides. Our observations suggest direct involvement of CS1-containing FN in recruitment of alpha 4 beta 1-expressing mononuclear leukocytes in synovitis, and provide basis for therapeutic intervention in RA.
Ads: Not another magic bullet
Authors: A. Kent
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A striking paradox of our time is that, for many conditions, medical resources are not allocated to the most pressing conditions.One of these conditions is, of course, HIV infection.In addition to the extraordinarily limited resources for diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection and its associated complications in the developing world, there is also a lack of basic information available to community health workers in these regions.Thus, although less than 5% of HIV infected people live in industrialised countries, almost all information regarding this epidemic is generated in and aimed at these countries.A quick Medline search, using the term "HIV," yielded more than 80 000 articles, most of little relevance to most people living with HIV worldwide.It is distressing that the scanty information available to the developing world leads to inevitable misunderstandings and mistaken beliefs.Granich and Mermin have made a valuable effort to address this information imbalance.Their book is a useful and concise treatise on HIV infection, targeted at community health and social workers working mainly, but not exclusively, in the poorest communities of the globe.Using clear and understandable language, the authors summarise aspects of aetiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HIV infection and related conditions.They also provide some practical guidelines for the development of social projects.To facilitate the readability of the book to non-specialised people, each chapter begins with an imaginary story to introduce the topic.Illustrations and boxes with key points help to summarise their guidelines.Apart from the basic information provided in the main body of the book, an appendix has been added in which the authors briefly review the conditions associated with HIV infection and their manifestations and management.This appendix is more specialised than the rest of the book and, as the authors recognise, it has been influenced by their training in Western medicine.As a consequence, the treatments outlined for these conditions unfortunately are beyond the possibilities of the poorest communities.A useful glossary of terms and a detailed index complete this eminently practical book created to fill a gap in the information accessible to most of the social and health workers in this field around the world.
Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates Still Fall Far Short of Recommended Levels
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lentiviral Gene Therapy Using Cellular Promoters Cures Type 1 Gaucher Disease in Mice
Authors: Maria Dahl, Alexander Doyle, Karin Olsson, Jan-Eric Månsson, André R A Marques, Mina Mirzaian, Johannes M Aerts, Mats Ehinger, Michael Rothe, Ute Modlich, Axel Schambach, Stefan Karlsson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Gaucher disease is caused by an inherited deficiency of the enzyme glucosylceramidase. Due to the lack of a fully functional enzyme, there is progressive build-up of the lipid component glucosylceramide. Insufficient glucosylceramidase activity results in hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias, and bone disease in patients. Gene therapy represents a future therapeutic option for patients unresponsive to enzyme replacement therapy and lacking a suitable bone marrow donor. By proof-of-principle experiments, we have previously demonstrated a reversal of symptoms in a murine disease model of type 1 Gaucher disease, using gammaretroviral vectors harboring strong viral promoters to drive glucosidase β-acid (GBA) gene expression. To investigate whether safer vectors can correct the enzyme deficiency, we utilized self-inactivating lentiviral vectors (SIN LVs) with the GBA gene under the control of human phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and CD68 promoter, respectively. Here, we report prevention of, as well as reversal of, manifest disease symptoms after lentiviral gene transfer. Glucosylceramidase activity above levels required for clearance of glucosylceramide from tissues resulted in reversal of splenomegaly, reduced Gaucher cell infiltration and a restoration of hematological parameters. These findings support the use of SIN-LVs with cellular promoters in future clinical gene therapy protocols for type 1 Gaucher disease.
Radioautographic localisation of iodinated human intrinsic factor in the guinea pig ileum using electron microscopy.
Authors: J L Gueant, A Gerard, B Monin, B Champigneulle, H Gerard, J P Nicolas
Journal: Gut (1988)

The uptake of iodinated human intrinsic factor by guinea pig ileum was studied in vivo using electron microscopy radioautography. Iodination of intrinsic factor cobalamin complex with N-chlorobenzene-sulphonamide beads did not modify its physicochemical properties in gel filtration, nor in iso-electrofocusing. It didn9t affect its biological activity either in vitro in presence of solubilised receptor, or in vivo in the Schilling test. The 125I-intrinsic factor cobalamin complex was instilled in vivo in ileal blind loops in presence of either CaCl2, EDTA, bile or intestinal juice. The labelled complex was predominantly located in the intermicrovillous pits of the apical membrane and in the apical cytoplasm. The uptake was about five-fold lower in presence of EDTA. On the apical membrane, the number of grains (per 80 micron length of epithelium) increased from 2.7 (0.2) up to 9.4 (1.7) respectively for 15 minutes and two hours of delay. This suggests a recycling of the intrinsic factor receptor complex. In the apical compartment, the silver grains were often detected over non-coated vesicles and over the infoldings of the lateral membrane. These results show that intrinsic factor is internalised into enterocytes during cobalamin absorption, and that a part of intrinsic factor enters the blood circulation through transcytosis.
Clearance of acute myeloid leukemia by haploidentical natural killer cells is improved using IL-2 diphtheria toxin fusion protein
Authors: Veronika Bachanova, Sarah Cooley, Todd E. Defor, Michael R. Verneris, Bin Zhang, David H. McKenna, Julie Curtsinger, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Dixie Lewis, Keli Hippen, Philip McGlave, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Bruce R. Blazar, Jeffrey S. Miller
Journal: Blood (2014)
Cat-scratch disease. Isolation and culture of the bacterial agent
Authors: C. K. English
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A gram-negative bacterium or its cell wall—defective variants were isolated from lymph nodes of ten patients with cat-scratch disease. Cultured bacteria were morphologically identical to vegetative and wall-defective forms seen in human tissues. Three of seven patients with recent cat-scratch disease had fourfold or greater rises in antibody titer against the cultured bacteria; the remaining four patients had maximum titers of 1:32 to 1:128. Rabbit antiserum to cultured bacilli reacted in immunoperoxidase stains with vegetative and wall-defective catscratch disease bacilli in lymph node, skin, or conjunctiva and with vegetative or wall-defective bacteria isolated from ten patients. Vegetative bacteria produced lesions in the skin of an armadillo identical to early lesions in human skin. Vegetative bacteria were recovered from the lesions in the armadillo. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:1347-1352)