tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extracellular potassium activity changes in the canine myocardium after acute coronary occlusion and the influence of beta-blockade
Authors: V. WIEGAND, M. GUGGI, W. MEESMANN, M. KESSLER, F. GREITSCHUS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Journal Article Extracellular potassium activity changes in the canine myocardium after acute coronary occlusion and the influence of beta-blockade Get access V. WIEGAND, V. WIEGAND From the Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Essen, and Max-Planck-Institute of Systemphysiology, Dortmund, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. GÜGGI, M. GÜGGI From the Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Essen, and Max-Planck-Institute of Systemphysiology, Dortmund, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. MEESMANN, W. MEESMANN 2 From the Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Essen, and Max-Planck-Institute of Systemphysiology, Dortmund, Federal Republic of Germany 2Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to: Prof. Dr. med. W. Meesmann, Institut für Pathophysiologic am Klinikum der Universität Essen (GHS), 43 Essen 1, Hufelandstr, 55, Federal Republic of Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. KESSLER, M. KESSLER From the Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Essen, and Max-Planck-Institute of Systemphysiology, Dortmund, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. GREITSCHUS F. GREITSCHUS From the Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Essen, and Max-Planck-Institute of Systemphysiology, Dortmund, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 13, Issue 5, May 1979, Pages 297–302, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/13.5.297 Published: 01 May 1979
Diagnostic Accuracy in Venous Thrombosis
Authors: J. M. Lambie, R. G. Mahaffy, D. C. Barber, A. M. Karmody, M. M. Scott, N. A. Matheson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A group of 111 surgical patients at high risk of venous thrombosis were studied after operation by independent clinical assessment and with <sup>125</sup>I-fibrinogen to detect venous thrombosis. Almost half of the patients developed venous thrombosis. Of these, two-thirds were not suspected clinically despite careful scrutiny. In the patients in whom a clinical diagnosis of venous thrombosis was made this diagnosis was falsely positive in a quarter. More than half of all thrombotic episodes were detectable on the day after operation. The prevalence of venous thrombosis, together with the difficulty in diagnosing it, strongly supports the argument that a reduction in the incidence of pulmonary embolism must depend on widespread adoption of effective prophylaxis, especially in the large number of patients at high risk of venous thrombosis. Prophylactic trials must be objectively assessed, and it is in this field that the <sup>125</sup>I-fibrinogen technique probably has the most to offer.
(Passive) Smokers versus (Voluntary) Smokers
Authors: Claude Lenfant, Barbara Marzetta Liu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Ever since the Surgeon General's 1964 report, Smoking and Health,1 innumerable scientific studies have attempted to determine the effects of smoking. Today no one doubts that smoking has marked effects on health and that this habit is a major cause of many specific diseases, which in turn account for many deaths in the United States. Although inhalation of cigarette smoke may be voluntary or involuntary (passive), it is important to recognize that almost all the evidence of deleterious effects has come from studies of voluntary smokers.The effects of passive smoking on health largely depend on the environment in . . .
THE ORIGIN AND TURNOVER OF MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN PERITONEAL EXUDATES IN RATS
Authors: Alvin Volkman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Tritiated thymidine-labeling data in individual and parabiotic rats showed that macrophages in peritoneal exudates were derived from cells in the blood which were the progeny of rapidly and continuously proliferating precursors. The characteristics of this population identify them with free macrophages studied in other sites; similarly, they can be obtained from transfused bone marrow. Cells in the exudates which were morphologically indistinguishable from small lymphocytes were also found to have the labeling features of a rapidly proliferating population in contrast with the known kinetics of the majority of small lymphocytes in blood and thoracic duct lymph. However, experimental evidence indicated that the lymphocytelike exudate cells had emigrated from the blood and that bone marrow was a source of their precursors. These findings support the concept of the heterogeneity of lymphocytes. The possible relationships among the mononuclear cells is discussed.
Recommendations for Management of Diabetes During Ramadan
Authors: Imad M. El-Kebbi, Mahmoud Ashraf Ibrahim, Faramarz Ismail-Beigi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

We thank Elhadd and Al-Amoudi (1) for their comments and interest in our article (2). Like them, we are also concerned by the very high rate of severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes who fast during Ramadan. We agree with them that patients with renal disease may have increased risk of hypoglycemia …
An Event-Related Brain Potential Study of Direct and Indirect Semantic Priming in Schizophrenia
Authors: Michael Kiang, Marta Kutas, Gregory A. Light, David L. Braff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Following a meaningful prime stimulus, schizophrenia patients have been hypothesized to exhibit impaired neurophysiological activation of related concepts in general, and/or supranormal activation of weakly related concepts in particular, within semantic memory. The former abnormality may occur at longer intervals, and the latter at shorter intervals, after the prime. The authors tested these hypotheses using the N400 event-related brain potential as a probe of activation of concepts in semantic memory.Event-related potentials were recorded in 16 schizophrenia patients and 16 normal comparison subjects who viewed prime words, each followed by a target that was a directly (strongly) related word, indirectly (weakly) related word, unrelated word, or nonword, in a lexical-decision task. Equal numbers of each target type were presented 300 and 750 msec after the prime.In the comparison subjects, N400 amplitude was largest (most negative) following unrelated targets, intermediate after indirectly related targets, and smallest after directly related targets. In contrast, patients' N400 amplitudes did not differ between these target types, reflecting larger amplitudes following both directly and indirectly related targets in patients than in comparison subjects; these findings held regardless of prime-to-target stimulus-onset asynchrony. Within patients, at the longer asynchrony, larger N400 amplitudes after directly and indirectly related targets correlated with positive psychotic symptoms.The results suggest hypoactivation of strongly and weakly related concepts following a meaningful stimulus, regardless of interval, in schizophrenia. An N400 index of this hypoactivation correlated with severity of delusions, suggesting a role for abnormal semantic processing in their pathogenesis.
Association of a germline copy number polymorphism of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B with burden of putative APOBEC-dependent mutations in breast cancer
Authors: Serena Nik-Zainal, David C Wedge, Ludmil B Alexandrov, Mia Petljak, Adam P Butler, Niccolo Bolli, Helen R Davies, Stian Knappskog, Sancha Martin, Elli Papaemmanuil, Manasa Ramakrishna, Adam Shlien, Ingrid Simonic, Yali Xue, Chris Tyler-Smith, Peter J Campbell, Michael R Stratton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
PAI-1 mediates the antiangiogenic and profibrinolytic effects of 16K prolactin
Authors: Khalid Bajou, Stephanie Herkenne, Victor L Thijssen, Salvino D'Amico, Ngoc-Quynh-Nhu Nguyen, Ann Bouché, Sébastien Tabruyn, Mohammed Srahna, Jean-Yves Carabin, Olivier Nivelles, Cécile Paques, Ivo Cornelissen, Michelle Lion, Agnès Noel, Ann Gils, Stefan Vinckier, Paul J Declerck, Arjan W Griffioen, Mieke Dewerchin, Joseph A Martial, Peter Carmeliet, Ingrid Struman
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Association of Clinical Psychiatric Disease with Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: Samuel B. Guze, W. Bradford Delong, Philip W. Majerus, Eli Robins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THERE are numerous reports that pernicious vomiting of pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum) is frequently associated with psychologic stress and emotional tension.1 2 3 4 5 The precise characterization of psychologic and emotional factors is notoriously difficult, especially when adequate control groups are not studied at the same time. As a result, the studies noted above have left open the possibility that the psychologic stress and emotional tension described were secondary to illness with hyperemesis gravidarum rather than the precipitating factors, or that they were nondiscriminatory occurrences that might also have been observed in an adequate control group. The absence of psychiatric follow-up studies of hyperemesis . . .
An assessment of the major flow features that affect energy loss and potential for thrombus formation within the modified total cavo-pulmonary connection: computational and scaled in-vitro studies
Authors: Robin Shandas, Yottana Khunatorn, Curt DeGroff, Wendy Orlando, Shankar Mahalingam, Lilliam Valdos-Cruz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
An Evaluation of Iridology
Authors: Allie Simon
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Iridology is an analysis of health based on examination of the iris of the eye. One hundred forty-three patients had photographs taken of both eyes. Nine-five patients were free of kidney disease, defined as a creatinine level of less than 1.2 mg/dL (mean, 0.8 mg/dL), and 48 had kidney disease severe enough to raise the plasma creatinine level to 1.5 mg/dL or greater (mean, 6.5 mg/dL). Three ophthalmologists and three iridologists viewed the slides in a randomized sequence without knowledge of the number of patients in the two categories or any information about patient history. Iridology had no clinical or statistically significant ability to detect the presence of kidney disease. Iridology was neither selective nor specific, and the likelihood of correct detection was statistically no better than chance.
Markers of chronic alcohol ingestion in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: An aid to diagnosis
Authors: Linda M. Fletcher, Ian Kwoh-Gain, Elizabeth E. Powell, Lawrie W. Powell, June W. Halliday
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We report here the use of the biochemical marker desialylated transferrin to aid in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Conventional biochemical tests used for the detection of chronic alcohol consumption fail to differentiate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients from alcoholic subjects. In addition, even in those alcoholic subjects with alcoholic liver disease in whom biopsy has been performed, it is impossible to differentiate these two disease states on the basis of morphological examination alone. In this study we have examined two new markers of excessive alcohol intake, desialylated transferrin and mitochondrial AST in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and in patients consuming excessive amounts of alcohol. All nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients consumed minimal or no alcohol and were diagnosed by morphological criteria based on liver biopsy specimens. Alcoholic subjects were consuming in excess of 80 gm/day ethanol, often with clinical evidence of overt alcoholism. Control subjects included both healthy controls and patient controls with liver diseases unrelated to alcohol. The ratio of desialylated transferrin/total transferrin was elevated only in patients who consumed excessive amounts of alcohol, whereas the ratio of mitochondrial AST to total AST (mitochondrial AST/total AST) was not significantly different between alcoholic subjects and patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The sensitivity and specificity for the ratio desialylated transferrin/total transferrin was 81% and 98%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity for the mitochondrial AST/total AST ratio was 92%; the specificity was only 50%, indicating that there were a large number of false-positives. All the conventional markers were less sensitive and less specific than the ratio desialylated transferrin/total transferrin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in primary biliary cirrhosis and its relation to prognostic models.
Authors: R Jalan, J Sargentoni, G A Coutts, J D Bell, K Rolles, A K Burroughs, S D Taylor Robinson
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: In vivo hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) provides biochemical information about phosphorus metabolism. AIM: To assess 31P MRS as a prognostic marker in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in relation to the current clinical prognostic models. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty three patients with PBC of varying functional severity and 16 matched healthy volunteers were studied using in vivo 31P MRS. Spectra were acquired using a 1.5 T spectroscopy system. Peak area ratios of phosphomonoesters (PME), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and phosphodiesters (PDE) and nucleotide triphosphate (NTP) were calculated. Pugh score, Christensen prognostic index, and R value according to the Mayo model were calculated from the clinical data. RESULTS: The PME/NTP, Pi/NTP, PME/PDE, and PME/Pi ratios and the PME signal height ratio (SHR) were significantly higher, while the PDE/NTP and PDE/SHR were significantly lower in PBC patients compared with healthy volunteers (p &lt; 0.01). Significant correlations were seen between PME/Pi ratio and the prognostic index according to Christensen (r = 0.63, p &lt; 0.001), R value according to the Mayo model (r = 0.45, p &lt; 0.03), and with the Pugh score (r = 0.55, p &lt; 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that PME/Pi ratio obtained from 31P MRS correlates well with all three of the commonly used models of prognosis in patients with PBC. A longitudinal study with larger number of patients is required to confirm these findings and elucidate the biochemical changes underlying this phenomenon.
Activated platelets and leucocytes cooperatively stimulate smooth muscle cell proliferation and proto-oncogene expression via release of soluble growth factors
Authors: P Cirillo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Previous studies indicate that platelets and leucocytes might contribute to the development of neointimal hyperplasia following arterial injury. The present study was aimed at further investigating the role of platelets and leucocytes, alone or in combination, in promoting vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in vitro, focusing on the relative contribution of different soluble growth factors released by these cells, and on the ability to induce proto-oncogene expression, such as c-fos.SMCs from rabbit aortas, made quiescent by serum deprivation, were stimulated with either activated platelets, leucocytes, or both, separated from SMCs by a membrane insert. SMC proliferation was evaluated by measuring the incorporation of 3H-thymidine. The relative contribution of different platelet-derived mediators to SMC growth was evaluated by adding either ketanserin, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, R68070, a TxA2 receptor antagonist, BN52021, a platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist, and trapidil, a platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor antagonist. The role of different leucocyte sub-populations (neutrophils and monocytes + lymphocytes) was also determined in additional experiments.SMC proliferation was significantly increased by activated platelets to 360 +/- 9% of control values (P < 0.05). This effect was reduced by ketanserin, R68070, BN 52021 or trapidil. Whole leucocytes, neutrophils or lymphocytes + monocytes also increased SMC proliferation with respect to control experiments. Simultaneous stimulation of SMCs by platelets and whole leucocytes was associated with a significant greater increase in SMC proliferation as compared to SMC stimulated with platelets or leucocytes alone. c-fos expression, almost undetectable in unstimulated SMCs, was markedly increased by activated platelets or leucocytes.Activated platelets promote SMC proliferation in vitro via release of soluble mediators, including serotonin, thromboxane A2 PAF and PDGF; activated leucocytes also induce a significant SMC proliferation and exert an additive effect when activated together with platelets; SMCs stimulated with activated platelets and leucocytes show an early expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos.
Abstract 3414: Genomic signatures of melanoma maintenance
Authors: Faranak Ghazi Sherbaf, Koichiro Inaki, Denis Bertrand, Xing Y. Woo, Dave Hoon, Axel Hillmer, Edison Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Melanoma is the malignant tumor of melanocytes and considered as one of the most aggressive human cancers. While the worldwide incidence rate of melanoma has increased during the last decade, current therapies for melanoma do not provide long-term effect. The highly heterogeneous expression signature of melanoma underlies the inefficient therapy and accentuates the inevitability of profound molecular understanding of melanoma, its maintenance and progression. In this study, we aimed to reveal the complex patterns of distinct molecular mechanisms underlying the progression and maintenance of melanoma using high-throughput sequencing technologies. Series of melanoma tumor tissues representing discrete stages of the malignant progression were deeply sequenced. Integrative analysis revealed hard-wired genomic aberrations and associated transcriptomic consequences. These genomic aberrations included clusters of oncogenes brought together by structural variations, which cooperated in their amplifications and subsequent up-regulated expressions. We believe that these hard-wired genetic changes are biologically significant; they sustain the survival of the tumor and offer the advantage of the distant metastasis. We reconstituted the architecture of melanoma progression and maintenance and we identified gene cassettes with a putative role in sustaining tumor growth. The correlation of these gene cassettes with the cancer phenotype and the feasibility of these putative oncogenes as candidates for targeted therapy were addressed using cell-based assays on a high content screening platform. Analysis of the matched cell lines derived from the same patient offered a valuable resource for in vitro manipulation, testing of drugs and functional validation. A detailed molecular characterization of the functionally validated genes and their contribution in the cancer signaling pathways will provide a better understanding of the molecular basis of tumor evolution. Citation Format: Faranak Ghazi Sherbaf, Koichiro Inaki, Denis Bertrand, Xing Yi Woo, Dave Hoon, Axel Hillmer, Edison Liu. Genomic signatures of melanoma maintenance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3414. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3414
Study shows higher rates of neonatal mortality with planned home births
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A1 London

Planned home births are associated with a twofold increase in neonatal mortality rate compared with hospital deliveries in developed countries—although both rates are very low, a systematic review has found. The difference may be caused by a lower rate of medical intervention and access to neonatal resuscitation, researchers suggest.

The study found a neonatal death rate of 0.2% (32 deaths in 16 500 births) in planned deliveries at home, compared with 0.09% (32 in 33 302 births) for hospital deliveries ( American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.04.041). Neonatal death was defined as death of a liveborn within 28 days of delivery. Perinatal mortality rates, which included stillbirths of at least 20 weeks or 500 g as …
Inhibition of FcγR-mediated phagocytosis by IVIg is independent of IgG-Fc sialylation and FcγRIIb in human macrophages
Authors: Sietse Q. Nagelkerke, Gillian Dekkers, Iwan Kustiawan, Fleur S. van de Bovenkamp, Judy Geissler, Rosina Plomp, Manfred Wuhrer, Gestur Vidarsson, Theo Rispens, Timo K. van den Berg, Taco W. Kuijpers
Journal: Blood (2014)
Family planning loses out to HIV and AIDS in development aid, shows analysis
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The amount of development aid allocated to family planning and reproductive health has stagnated or risen only slightly in the past 15 years, while that given for HIV and AIDS has soared, show new findings.

The Euromapping 2010 report shows that the proportion of population assistance aid earmarked for family planning fell from 55% in 1995 to just 6% in 2008. Most of the population aid in 2008—73%—was allocated for HIV and AIDS, whereas 17% went towards reproductive care and 4% to basic research.

The report, which scrutinises how countries perform in relation to their funding commitments, is a joint project by the German Foundation for World Population and the European Parliamentary Forum on Population and Development.

It found that European countries and the …
Successful Seventeen-Hour Preservation and Transplantation of Human-Cadaver Kidney
Authors: Folkert O. Belzer, B. Sterry Ashby, Paul F. Gulyassy, Malcolm Powell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

ORGAN preservation has been extensively studied for many years, but long-term storage of whole organs is still an unsolved problem. However, short-term preservation of organs such as the kidney would be a great advantage in a transplantation program in which cadaver organs are used. Because of encouraging results in our laboratory,1 we decided to attempt short-term preservation of a human-cadaver kidney. We were able to preserve such a kidney for 17 hours, followed by successful transplantation and function.Case ReportA 47-year-old Armenian became a resident of California in 1957. He had lived for 30 years in North Africa, where . . .
PATHOGENESIS OF H-1 VIRUS INFECTION OF EMBRYONIC HAMSTER BONE IN ORGAN CULTURE
Authors: Alfred D. Heggie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

H-1 virus infection of hamsters has been shown to produce runting, microcephaly, cranial lacunae, and deformed teeth in animals inoculated during the suckling period and to cause various abnormalities, including skeletal defects, in embryos infected transplacentally. To explore the pathogenesis of these effects of viral infection on bone, the response of embryonic hamster tibiae in organ culture to inoculation with the H-1 strain of picodna virus was studied. This system made possible the direct observation of the reaction of bone to virus in a regulated environment. During a period of 7-17 days after inoculation the following observations were made: (a) H-1 virus was found to infect and replicate in bone. (b) Infected bones became more translucent, slender, and elongated than control bones. (c) Bone growth as measured by increase in wet weight was reduced in infected tibiae. (d) Infected bones showed periosteal and perichondral degeneration and diminished deposits of subperiosteal bone. It was concluded that the skeletal abnormalities which develop in embryonic and suckling hamsters after H-1 virus inoculation are the direct result of viral replication in bone, and that indirect phenomena such as those associated with chronic infection need not be postulated to explain the deformities seen in these animals.