tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract MP45: National Women’s Knowledge of Stroke Warning Signs, Overall and by Race/Ethnic Group
Authors: Heidi Mochari-Greenberger, Amytis Towfighi, Lori Mosca
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Early treatment is associated with better clinical outcomes in stroke, but women must recognize the warning signs of a stroke to reduce delays in treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate contemporary knowledge of stroke warning signs and intent to call 9-1-1 first if warning signs occur, among a nationally representative sample of women, overall and by race/ethnic group. Methods: A study of cardiovascular disease awareness and knowledge was conducted by the American Heart Association in 2012 among English speaking US women &gt; 25 years identified through random digit dialing (N=1,205; 54% white, 17% black, 17% Hispanic, 12% other). Demographic data, including race/ethnic group, were evaluated using standardized categorical questions. Knowledge about warning signs of stroke, and what to do first if experiencing signs of a stroke, was assessed by standardized unaided questions. Data were weighted to reflect the US population of women based on the US Census Bureau’s March 2011 Current Population Survey, overall and within ethnic strata. Results: In 2012, half of women surveyed (51%) identified sudden weakness/numbness of face/limb on one side as a stroke warning sign; this did not vary by race/ethnic group. Loss of/trouble talking/understanding speech was identified by 44% of women, and more frequently among white versus Hispanic women (48% vs. 36%; p&lt;.05). Fewer than one in four women identified sudden severe headache (23%), unexplained dizziness (20%), or sudden dizziness/loss of vision (18%) as warning signs, and one in five (20%) did not know one stroke warning sign; these results did not vary by race/ethnicity. The majority of women said that they would call 9-1-1 first if they thought they were experiencing signs of a stroke (84%), and this did not vary among black (86%), Hispanic (79%), or white/other (85%) women. Conclusions: Knowledge of stroke warning signs was low among a nationally representative sample of women, especially among Hispanics. In contrast, knowledge to call 9-1-1 when experiencing signs of stroke was high. These data suggest effort to improve recognition of the warning signs of stroke has potential to reduce treatment delay and improve outcomes among women.
Abstract P043: National Trends in Hypertension Control 1999-2012 and Projected Impact on Incident Stroke by Age, Sex, and Race: The Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model
Authors: Antoinette Mason, Pamela Coxson, Andrew Moran, David Guzman, Mark J Pletcher, S. C Johnston, Anthony Kim, Stephen Sidney, Lee Goldman, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Blood pressure (BP) control rates have improved over the decade, as have stroke rates. We determined the impact of secular BP trends on national stroke rates by age, sex, and specifically for US Blacks. Methods: We estimated national BP distributions from NHANES and quantified changes from ‘99-‘04 to ‘07-‘12 by age (35-64, 65-84 years), sex, and separately for Blacks. We used these as inputs to the Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model (CVDPM), a population-based computer simulation of CVD nationally. CVDPM data inputs include the Census, vital statistics, NHANES, national hospitalization data, and Framingham among others. CVDPM has been adapted to US Blacks (CVDPM-AA) using these sources as well as cohorts including ARIC and REGARDS. Both models are calibrated to reproduce event rates in the baseline year and outcomes of intervention studies. We projected changes in incident strokes attributable to changes in BP distribution and also modeled universal BP control (systolic BP &lt;140 mmHg). Baseline values of other CVD risk factors were also included to isolate effects attributable to BP. Results: Among older US adults, the prevalence of systolic BP ≥140 mmHg decreased over the period (Table). Among younger adults, improvements in BP control were only observed in all US and Black women, not US or Black men. The projected benefit from prevented stroke attributable to improvements in BP control is substantial for all older adults and for younger women, and the magnitude is particularly striking for Blacks. Stroke reduction attributable to BP control is not observed in younger men. Universal BP control is projected to have a large impact on incident stroke reduction, at least twice the impact estimated from the secular trends in BP reduction from 1999-2012 in most groups. Conclusions: Recent improvements in BP control are projected to contribute to stroke prevention in all groups in the US, except men younger than 65 years. Additional hypertension control efforts will yield considerable additional benefits in stroke prevention.
Abstract 16804: Long-Term Differential Effects of Amlodipine and Atenolol based Antihypertensive Therapy on Left Ventricular Structure and Function: An ASCOT Sub-Study
Authors: Anthony J Barron, Robyn J Tapp, Andrew Sharp, Arun J Baksi, Alun D Hughes, Jamil Mayet
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Both left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and impairment of LV diastolic function have been shown to be important predictors of morbidity and mortality in hypertension. Anti-hypertensive treatment can cause regression of LVH and improve LV diastolic function. However little is known about whether these changes are sustained with long term treatment. Methods: Six-hundred and sixty-nine patients (mean age 62 years, 78.9% male) in the ASCOT study who were randomised to either an amlodipine-based regimen (Amlod), or an atenolol-based antihypertensive regimen (Aten) had LV structure and diastolic function assessed by tissue Doppler echocardiography. Measurements were made a median time of 1.48 (Phase 1) and 3.49 (Phase 2) years after randomisation. Results: Blood pressure was lower in Amlod both at phase 1 (141/80 vs 146/83) and phase 2 (138/79 vs 143/82).Left ventricular mass index had significantly improved between Phase 1 and Phase 2 assessment in both treatment groups (Amlod: 119.6 to 116.6 g/m 2 , p=0.007, Aten: 121.8 to 117.2 g/m 2 , p&lt;0.001).At the initial Phase 1 assessment LV diastolic function was better in Amlod compared with Aten (e' 8.5cm/s versus 7.7cm/s, p&gt;0.001; E/e' 7.6 versus 8.1, p=0.008). With a further 2 years of antihypertensive therapy with good BP control there was a small, significant drop in e' but no change in E:e'with Amlod (e' Phase 2 8.1cm/s, versus phase 1 p&lt;0.001; E/e' Phase 2 7.8, versus phase 1 p=0.29); in contrast in Aten there was no change in e' but a small, significant rise in E:e' (e' Phase 2 7.7cm/s, versus phase 1 p=0.59; E/e' Phase 2 8.4, versus phase 1 p=0.02).By the end of the phase 2, after correction for age, gender and systolic blood pressure, e' in Amlod remained significantly higher than aten (p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: Patients with hypertension and good BP control had further regression of LV mass between 1.5 and 3.5 years of antihypertensive therapy with both Amlod and Aten. Those receiving Amlod had better echocardiographic indices of diastolic function at both time points when compared with Aten. Appropriate antihypertensive therapy may lead to early improvement of diastolic function and allow maintenance of a more normal pattern at longer follow-up with improvement in left ventricular mass. Character Count: 1926
Pharmacodynamic profiling defines the significant biological activities of the novel proteasome inhibitor NPI-0052: Comparison with Velcade® (Bortezomib)
Authors: Ta-Hsiang Chao, Dharminder Chauhan, Gordafaried Deyanat-Yazdi, Laurence Catley, Paul Richardson, G. Kenneth Lloyd, Saskia T. C. Neuteboom, Kenneth C. Anderson, Michael A. Palladino
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4860 

Evaluating the inhibition and recovery of proteasome activities after repeated administration of the proteasome inhibitor NPI-0052 is important to guide the dosing and scheduling for IND-enabling safety studies and clinical trials. NPI-0052 is a potent, small molecule proteasome inhibitor that contains an unusual bicyclic γ-lactam-β-lactone ring structure. Our recent study demonstrated that NPI-0052 inhibits the chymotrypsin-like (CT-L), trypsin-like (T-L) and caspase-like (C-L) activities of the 20S proteasome in vitro and in vivo (Chauhan et al, Cancer Cell, Nov, 2005) with different kinetics compared to Velcade®. NPI-0052 induces apoptosis of CD138+ multiple myeloma (MM) cells freshly isolated from patients relapsing after multiple therapies including, Dexamethasone, Thalidomide and in 7 of 7 patients refractory to Velcade®. NPI-0052 does not significantly decrease the viability of normal human lymphocytes even at increased concentrations (20nM). In contrast, Bortezomib significantly decreases the survival of human lymphocytes even at low concentrations (6-10 nM). A series of studies were conducted in rodents and primates to define the activities of NPI-0052. When administrated intravenously (i.v.) or orally (p.o.) to mice, NPI-0052 inhibited the CT-L, T-L and C-L activities of whole blood 20S proteasomes in a dose-dependent manner. Of note, Velcade® inhibited the CT-L activity, did not inhibit the T-L activity and markedly inhibited C-L activity, which recovered over 7 days. Further studies in rats treated with NPI-0052 (i.v.) at four dose levels weekly for three weeks, demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of CT-L activity of whole blood 20S proteasomes 24 hr post-dosing which markedly recovered over 7 days. A similar trend was observed after second and third weekly treatments. In addition, administration of NPI-0052 (i.v.) in primates resulted in a dose-dependent, sustained whole blood 20S proteasome inhibition, which recovered by day 7. A sensitive bioanalytical plasma assay for NPI-0052 was developed and pharmacokinetic profiling in primates demonstrated a terminal half-life of 25-30 minutes. Treatment of MM.1S MM-bearing BNX-mice with NPI-0052 at 0.25 mg/kg (p.o.) or 0.15 mg/kg (i.v.) was well tolerated, resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival. Histological analysis of the tumor inoculation site at day 300 showed no recurrence of tumor in 57% of NPI-0052-treated mice along with disappearance of plasma cells in the NPI-0052 versus vehicle control-treated mice. These results demonstrate different pharmacodynamic profiles for NPI-0052 and Velcade® and support the clinical use of NPI-0052 on a weekly regimen.
Chirurgische Operationen: Ein Atlas für die Praxis
Authors: H. E. Grewe, Karl Kremer
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 342: Prognostic Implications of Low Cholesterol and Statin Therapy in Heart Failure - the “Cholesterol Paradox”
Authors: Periaswamy Velavan, Nasrin K Khan, Alan S Rigby, Kevin Goode, Karl Swedberg, Ferenc Follath, Michel Komajda, Hugo Madeira, John G Cleland
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background:  Heart failure is a common medical problem with poor prognosis. Treatment with statins is believed to be beneficial, but low cholesterol levels may be associated with adverse outcome.   Aim:  To examine this “cholesterol paradox” in patients hospitalised with acute heart failure.   Methods:  The EuroHeart Failure survey collected data from 10,701 patients with suspected heart failure in 115 hospitals from 24 countries across Europe during 2000 –2001. Investigations included a 12 lead ECG, echocardiogram and routine blood tests. The relation between cholesterol, lipid lowering drugs and mortality within 12 weeks of admission was examined by non parametric tests and logistic regression.   Results:  A total of 1425 (12.5%) patients died between admission and 12 weeks follow up. A cholesterol level of > 5 mmol/l (193 mg/dl) and treatment with lipid lowering therapy were both independently associated with a better prognosis, odds ratios for death within 12 weeks being 0.6 (95% CI: 0.5 – 0.7) and 0.3 (95% CI: 0.3 –0.4) respectively. There was a linear relation between cholesterol levels and mortality, with those in the lower quintiles having the highest risk of death (p    Conclusions:  Low cholesterol levels were associated with worse prognosis in patients with acute heart failure. Statin therapy appears to be beneficial in acute heart failure, but this is probably due to other mechanisms (anti inflammatory, anti arrhythmic etc.), rather than cholesterol lowering effect.
Effects of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on the Need for Antihyperglycemic Drug Therapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Katherine Esposito, Maria Ida Maiorino, Miryam Ciotola, Carmen Di Palo, Paola Scognamiglio, Maurizio Gicchino, Michela Petrizzo, Franco Saccomanno, Flora Beneduce, Antonio Ceriello, Dario Giugliano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Esposito and associates compared the effects of low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean-style and low-fat, calorie-restricted diets on the need for antihyperglycemic drug therapy in 215 overweight patients...
Bayesian adaptive randomization designs for targeted agent development
Authors: J. Jack Lee, Suyu Liu, Xuemin Gu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

PL06   With the advent of searching for predictive markers in guiding targeted agent development, many new designs have been proposed recently to increase study efficiency. These include the efficient targeted design (Simon R and Maitournam, Clinical Cancer Research 2004), adaptive signature design (Freidlin and Simon, Clinical Cancer Research 2005), marker by treatment interaction design (Sargent et al., JCO 2005), and biomarker adaptive threshold design (Jiang et al. JNCI 2007), etc. In contrast to the frequentist selection or equal randomization designs, we propose a novel Bayesian adaptive randomization design to allow treating more patients with effective treatments, stopping ineffective treatments early, and increasing efficiency while controlling type I and type II errors. The new design incorporates rational learning from the interim data to guide the study conduct in terms of randomization and early stopping. By comparing with previously published designs, the proposed design can be more efficient and ethical and is also more flexible in the study conduct. The statistical properties for various designs are evaluated via simulation studies. Examples and experiences learned from real studies will be given.
Fc$epsi;RI-mediated-activation of PLC-$gamma; is not defective in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) lacking PI-3 kinase-p85$alpha; or p85$beta; gene products*1
Authors: C. Tkaczyk, M.A. Beaven, S. Brachman, D.D. Metcalfe, A.M. Gilfillan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Macrophages from patients with atopic dermatitis show a reduced CXCL10 expression in response to staphylococcal α‐toxin
Authors: S. Kasraie, M. Niebuhr, V. Kopfnagel, O. Dittrich‐Breiholz, M. Kracht, T. Werfel
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: Kasraie S, Niebuhr M, Kopfnagel V, Dittrich‐Breiholz O, Kracht M, Werfel T. Macrophages from patients with atopic dermatitis show a reduced CXCL10 expression in response to staphylococcal α‐toxin. Allergy 2012; 67 : 41–49. Abstract Background: Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ), one‐third of them producing α‐toxin, which is correlated with the severity of eczema in AD. Staphylococcus aureus colonizes in patients with psoriasis as well. Distinct expression of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand (CCL) and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand (CXCL) chemokines has been documented in both diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of sublytic α‐toxin concentrations on human macrophages that accumulate in the skin of patients with AD and psoriasis. Methods: IFN‐γ‐induced protein of 10‐kDa (IP‐10)/CXCL10 and macrophage‐derived chemokine (MDC)/CCL22 production were evaluated at the mRNA or at the protein level using qRT–PCR or ELISA, respectively. Cell surface markers’ expression and chemotaxis were determined by flow cytometry and Boyden chamber technique, respectively. Results: Sublytic concentrations of α‐toxin strongly induced CXCL10 in macrophages at both the mRNA and the protein levels and significantly up‐regulated MHC class II expression. Supernatants of α‐toxin‐stimulated macrophages induced the migration of human CD4+ lymphocytes via the CXCL10 receptor (CXCR3). Macrophages from patients with AD produced lower levels of CXCL10 compared to cells from patients with psoriasis as well as healthy controls in response to α‐toxin. α‐Toxin did not lead to a large variation in CCL22 production in macrophages from all three groups. Conclusions: Staphylococcal α‐toxin contributes to Th1 polarization by induction of CXCL10 in macrophages. Macrophages from patients with AD and psoriasis responded to α‐toxin in the induction of Th1‐related chemokine CXCL10 diversely, which could favour the recruitment of distinct leucocyte subsets into the skin.
HEREDITARY POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY
Authors: J F CANNON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1947)

Article1 October 1947HEREDITARY POLYCYSTIC KIDNEYJ. FLOYD CANNONJ. FLOYD CANNONSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-27-4-610 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe condition of polycystic kidney is also known as cystic disease of the kidney, cystic degeneration or congenital polycystic kidneys. The disease has always created interest because of the enormous size these kidneys may attain. It is encountered in infants but appears most often between the fortieth and sixtieth years. This is clearly noted in table 2 of this study. It normally has been found to be more common in the female than the male; however, this study disclosed more males than females (table 1).ETIOLOGYSeveral theories have been presented but this paper will deal only with the hereditary... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Salt Lake City, Utah*Received for publication May 20, 1946. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIl Rene Policistico: Osservazioni Su 38 CasiPOLYCYSTIC DISEASE OF THE KIDNEYS COMPLICATING PREGNANCYCystic of the KidneyRenal Cystic DiseasePREGNANCY AND POLYCYSTIC DISEASE OF THE KIDNEYSObservations on Familial Polycystic Disease of the Kidney 1 October 1947Volume 27, Issue 4Page: 610-616KeywordsInfantsPolycystic kidney diseaseRenal diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1947 PDF downloadLoading ...
Surgeons should train like pilots
Authors: Richard Woodman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Surgeons should train on simulators, as pilots and astronauts do, a conference on surgical competence heard in London last week.

“One cannot help but be struck by the comparison of surgical competence and the qualities required of flying crew,” said Sir Rex Richards, chairman of the task force on clinical academic careers.

“Both professions require high intellectual and personal skills; both require dexterity and good hand-eye coordination.”

He told the meeting, organised by the Royal College of Surgeons of England and the Smith and Nephew Foundation, that research suggested that even very …
THE INTRAVENOUS USE OF SODIUM SULFAPYRIDINE IN THE TREATMENT OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA
Authors: C. W. Strickler, A. Park Mcginty, John B. Peschau
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1941)

Article1 March 1941THE INTRAVENOUS USE OF SODIUM SULFAPYRIDINE IN THE TREATMENT OF LOBAR PNEUMONIAC. W. STRICKLER JR., M.D., F.A.C.P., A. PARK MCGINTY, M.D., JOHN B. PESCHAU JR., M.D.C. W. STRICKLER JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, A. PARK MCGINTY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN B. PESCHAU JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-14-9-1595 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe intravenous use of sodium sulfapyridine was reported first by Marshall and Long.1 Since the beginning of this study other reports2, 8 on the parenteral use of sodium sulfapyridine for special indications have appeared. In none of these reports has the drug been given routinely and repeatedly. Data obtained from the routine repeated intravenous infusion of sodium sulfapyridine should be valuable in establishing the indications for its use by this route.MATERIAL AND PROCEDUREThis report presents our experience with the intravenous use of sodium sulfapyridine monohydrate in the treatment of 54 patients suffering with lobar pneumonia. The patients in...References1. MARSHALLLONG EKPH: The intravenous use of sodium sulfapyridine, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1939, cxii, 1671. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. FINLANDLOWELLSPRINGTAYLOR MFCWCFH: Parenteral sulfapyridine; the intravenous use of sodium sulfapyridine and a report of clinical and laboratory observations on the use of a glucose-sulfapyridine solution, ANN. INT. MED., 1940, xiii, 1105. Google Scholar3. ABERNETHYDOWLINGHARTMAN TJHFCR: The treatment of lobar pneumonia with sulfapyridine and sodium sulfapyridine, with observations upon effective blood levels, ANN. INT. MED., 1940, xiii, 1121. Google Scholar4. FLIPPINLOCKWOODPEPPERSCHWARTZ HFJSDSL: The treatment of pneumococcic pneumonia with sulfapyridine, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1939, cxii, 529. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. PLUMMERENSWORTH NHK: Sulfapyridine in the treatment of pneumonia, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1939, cxiii, 1847. Google Scholar6. TAPLINJACOXHOWLAND GVRFJW: The use of sodium sulfapyridine by hypodermoclysis, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1940, cxiv, 1733. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Atlanta, Georgia*Received for publication October 3, 1940.From the Department of Medicine of Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga.Part of the sodium sulfapyridine was available through the courtesy of the Calco Chemical Co. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCommunicable Diseases and Military Medicine 1 March 1941Volume 14, Issue 9Page: 1595-1606KeywordsDrugsPatientsPneumoniaSodium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1941 PDF downloadLoading ...