tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CANCER OF THE BREAST: RECURRENCE 31 YEARS AFTER OPERATION
Authors: F. J. Steward
Journal: BMJ (1925)

I MNDICAL JounNAZ in the case of urticaria, angio-neurotic oedema, and the various food idiosyncrasies.Convulsions may be caused by protein ingestion, and, indeed, this is a very usual cause of convulsions in children.Mly theory differs fromz that of anaphylaxis, which has been generally accepted to explain various food idio- synierasies.In anaphylaxis a preliminary sen-sitization is required, while my theory maintains that the metabolism of the individual is inadequate.Suich an inadequacy for the metabolism of nitrogenous food is most uisually inherited, but further damage can be prevented by appropriate diet.The protein poison may act directly on the tissue cells of the mucous membrane or the skinl, causing, for example, in the one case bronchitis or colitis, in the other such a disease as eezema.Or again, it may act indirectly, as, for example, tlhrough the endocrine or niervous system.
Signatures of Functional Constraint at Aye-aye Opsin Genes: The Potential of Adaptive Color Vision in a Nocturnal Primate
Authors: G. H. Perry, R. D. Martin, B. C. Verrelli
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

While color vision perception is thought to be adaptively correlated with foraging efficiency for diurnal mammals, those that forage exclusively at night may not need color vision nor have the capacity for it. Indeed, although the basic condition for mammals is dichromacy, diverse nocturnal mammals have only monochromatic vision, resulting from functional loss of the short-wavelength sensitive opsin gene. However, many nocturnal primates maintain intact two opsin genes and thus have dichromatic capacity. The evolutionary significance of this surprising observation has not yet been elucidated. We used a molecular population genetics approach to test evolutionary hypotheses for the two intact opsin genes of the fully nocturnal aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), a highly unusual and endangered Madagascar primate. No evidence of gene degradation in either opsin gene was observed for any of 8 aye-aye individuals examined. Furthermore, levels of nucleotide diversity for opsin gene functional sites were lower than those for 15 neutrally evolving intergenic regions (>25 kb in total), which is consistent with a history of purifying selection on aye-aye opsin genes. The most likely explanation for these findings is that dichromacy is advantageous for aye-ayes despite their nocturnal activity pattern. We speculate that dichromatic nocturnal primates may be able to perceive color while foraging under moonlight conditions, and suggest that behavioral and ecological comparisons among dichromatic and monochromatic nocturnal primates will help to elucidate the specific activities for which color vision perception is advantageous.
Daily Hemodialysis — Will Treatment Each Day Improve the Outcome in Patients with Acute Renal Failure?
Authors: Joseph V. Bonventre
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The mortality rate among hospitalized patients with acute renal failure is high and has not changed substantially since dialysis was introduced several decades ago.1 Although it might be argued that patients with acute renal failure are more seriously ill nowadays, attempts to show any substantial improvement in outcome have been disappointing. The mortality rate among patients who require dialysis generally exceeds 50 percent and is especially high among those in intensive care units.1,2 Thus, there is a great deal of interest in developing strategies to reduce the mortality rate.In this issue of the Journal, Schiffl et al.3 report . . .
Sleep apnoea and its impact on public health
Authors: J. Wright, T. Sheldon
Journal: Thorax (1998)

In 1997 we published a systematic review on the health effects of obstructive sleep apnoea and the effectiveness of treatment with CPAP.1 This generated much controversy and considerable correspondence. About half the letters received by the authors suggested that the paper was just stating the obvious, the other half that the paper was completely inaccurate. To help clarify our findings this paper will discuss the public health impact of sleep apnoea and the rationale behind systematic reviews.

In recent years several traditional style reviews in leading medical journals have suggested the importance of sleep apnoea.2-4 These have claimed that sleep apnoea causes premature death, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, pulmonary hypertension, and road traffic accidents. The high prevalence of 2–4% of the middle aged population5 led an editorial writer in the New England Journal of Medicine to claim that the “staggering” impact of sleep apnoea was as big a public health hazard as smoking.2 If so, sleep apnoea would clearly be of major public concern.

The problem with traditional reviews is that they can be haphazard, biased and reflect the personal prior beliefs or interests of individual reviewers.6 Systematic reviews apply strict scientific criteria in an attempt to reduce this bias. They provide a more objective approach to summarising the large number of biomedical research papers and allow us to identify gaps in the research. In addition, systematic reviews can help increase understanding about the generalisability, consistency, and precision of results of individual trials. This is not the same as “evidence based medicine” but they can inform individual clinical decisions as well as health policy.

Like all good science, systematic reviews are based on rigorous methodology. This includes: (1) construction of a clearly focused question; (2) explicit and thorough search of the literature including non-English language …
Effect of Age of Infusion Site and Type of Rapid-Acting Analog on Pharmacodynamic Parameters of Insulin Boluses in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes Receiving Insulin Pump Therapy
Authors: Karena L. Swan, James D. Dziura, Garry M. Steil, Gayane R. Voskanyan, Kristin A. Sikes, Amy T. Steffen, Melody L. Martin, William V. Tamborlane, Stuart A. Weinzimer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of type of insulin analog and age of insertion site on the pharmacodynamic characteristics of a standard insulin bolus in youth with type 1 diabetes receiving insulin pump therapy.Seventeen insulin pump-treated adolescents with type 1 diabetes underwent two euglycemic clamp procedures after a 0.2 unit/kg bolus of either insulin aspart or lispro on day 1 and day 4 of insulin pump site insertion. The glucose infusion rate (GIR) required to maintain euglycemia was the primary pharmacodynamic measure.There were no statistically significant differences in any of the pharmacodynamic parameters between aspart and lispro during day 1 and day 4. However, when the two groups were combined, time to discontinuation of exogenous glucose infusion, and time to half-maximal onset and offset of insulin action were observed significantly earlier during day 4 compared with day 1 (P = 0.03-0.0004), but the overall area under the GIR curve was similar on day 1 and day 4.With both insulin aspart and lispro, there is an earlier peak and shorter duration of action with increasing duration of infusion site use, but overall insulin action is not affected.
Crosstalk to Stromal Fibroblasts Induces Resistance of Lung Cancer to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Wei Wang, Qi Li, Tadaaki Yamada, Kunio Matsumoto, Isao Matsumoto, Makoto Oda, Go Watanabe, Yoshiyuki Kayano, Yasuhiko Nishioka, Saburo Sone, Seiji Yano
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Lung cancers with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations show good clinical response to gefitinib and erlotinib, selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to EGFR, but these tumors invariably develop drug resistance. Host stromal cells have been found to have a considerable effect on the behavior of cancer cells. Little is known, however, about the role of host cells on the sensitivity of cancer cells to receptor TKIs. We have therefore assessed the effect of crosstalk between stromal cells and lung cancer cells harboring EGFR mutations on susceptibility to EGFR-TKIs.We evaluated the gefitinib sensitivity of lung cancer cells with EGFR-activating mutations, PC-9 and HCC827, when cocultured with fibroblasts and coinjected into severe combined immunodeficient mice. We also examined the effect of lung cancer cells to fibroblast recruitment.Both human fibroblast cell lines and primary cultured fibroblasts produced various levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Lung cancer cells markedly recruited fibroblasts. The lung cancer cells became resistant to EGFR-TKIs when cocultured in vitro with HGF-producing fibroblasts and coinjected into severe combined immunodeficient mice. Importantly, combined use of gefitinib plus anti-HGF antibody or the HGF antagonist, NK4, successfully overcame the fibroblast-induced EGFR-TKI resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Colocalization of fibroblasts and HGF was detected in both xenograft tumors in mouse model and lung cancer patient specimens.These findings indicate that crosstalk to stromal fibroblasts plays a critical role in lung cancer resistance to EGFR-TKIs and may be an ideal therapeutic target in lung cancer with EGFR-activating mutations.
Infant feeding in coeliac disease
Authors: K. M. Jones, E. M. Pringle, K. B. Taylor, W. F. Young
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS The duration of breast feeding and the time of introduction of cereals into the diet was studied in patients with coeliac disease and controls but no significant differences were found.These results do not, however, invalidate the idea that some cases of coeliac disease are due to an immunological hypersensitivity to gluten.
Brief Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: Interrater Agreement and Reliability of Individually Specified Outcomes
Authors: Stephen Armstrong, Amy Yasuna, Dianna Hartley
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1981)

We tested Malan's method of constructing outcome criteria in brief dynamic psychotherapy by positing a core neurotic problem, psychodynamic outcome criteria, and psychodynamically oriented target criteria for 41 neurotic outpatients receiving either psychotherapy or behavioral therapy. We found that trained raters could assess psychodynamic problems and outcomes with high interrater reliability and agreement. Using these measures with behavioral therapy as well as psychodynamic therapy patients, we found that the psychodynamic ratings could be extended to patients not treated psychodynamically. Thus, we feel that individualized psychodynamic ratings can be used to assess treatment effects on a reliable psychodynamic basis, and that individualized ratings can be extended to studies which contrast specific psychodynamic outcomes to those of other treatments.
MICROBIC VIRULENCE AND HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY IN MOUSE TYPHOID INFECTION
Authors: Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

Mice bred at The Rockefeller Institute vary in their susceptibility to mouse typhoid infection caused by a certain strain of Bacillus pestis caviae. This graded variation may be roughly analyzed as follows: in any series infected per os with a fixed dose, 20 to 30 per cent show no sign of infection, no positive blood cultures, and no agglutinins; 5 or 10 per cent present symptoms of disease, positive blood cultures, and then recover with or without homologous agglutinins; 70 or 80 per cent develop positive blood cultures and succumb in a more or less constant ratio relative to time. The strain of Bacillus pestis caviae employed throughout a 10 month series of experiments has shown no permanent change in virulence. Blood cultures taken from infected mice early in disease, shortly after death, and 6 days after death, chronic stool carrier cultures, and chronic septicemia cultures, all show approximately the same degree of virulence.
Mouse genome shows many disease genes shared with humans
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The sequencing and analysis of more than 95% of the mouse genome was published this week, providing a complete draft for the first time.

Results showed that 90% of genes associated with disease in mice are identical to those in humans, supporting the use of mice as model organisms in studies of human disease.

The sequencing of the Mus musculus genome was a collaborative effort by the Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium, including researchers from centres in the United States and the United …
A Novel Nociceptor Signaling Pathway Revealed in Protein Kinase C ε Mutant Mice
Authors: Sachia G. Khasar, Yu-Huei Lin, Annick Martin, Jahan Dadgar, Thomas McMahon, Dan Wang, Bhupinder Hundle, K.O. Aley, William Isenberg, Gordon McCarter, Paul G. Green, Clyde W. Hodge, Jon D. Levine, Robert O. Messing
Journal: Neuron (1999)
Strain differences in vaginal responses to the xenoestrogen bisphenol A.
Authors: X Long, R Steinmetz, N Ben-Jonathan, A Caperell-Grant, P C Young, K P Nephew, R M Bigsby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is the monomer component of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins; human exposure derives from leachate in foodstuffs packaged in certain plastics or from epoxy-based dental appliances. BPA stimulates prolactin secretion in Fischer 344 (F344) rats but not in Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats. The present studies were performed to determine if another classic estrogen target tissue, the rat vagina, responds to BPA in a strain-specific manner. In F344 rats BPA increased DNA synthesis in vaginal epithelium with a median effective dose (ED(50)) of 37.5 mg/kg body weight; DNA synthesis was not stimulated in S-D rats by any dose tested. Clearance of (3)H-BPA from blood followed the same time course in both strains of rats, with a half-life of 90 min. Scatchard analysis of [(3)H]estradiol binding showed no strain differences in concentration or affinity of the vaginal estrogen receptor. BPA increased the level of mRNA for the immediate early gene, c-fos, with similar dose-response curves in both rat strains. Thus, F344 and S-D rats exhibit differences in sensitivity to BPA at the level of cell proliferation in the vaginal epithelium. However, metabolic clearance of BPA and the early events that lead to the proliferative response, receptor-ligand interaction and induction of immediate early genes, show no strain differences. These observations suggest that differences in intermediate effects must account for the difference in sensitivity of the proliferative response to the xenoestrogen. Furthermore, these results point to the need for caution in choosing a suitable end point and animal model when seeking to test the estrogenic effects of xenobiotics.
Epidemiologic Principles and Food Safety
Authors: Jose Emilio Esteban
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Medical Writings: Book Notes15 July 2008Epidemiologic Principles and Food SafetyJose Emilio Esteban, DVM, MBA, PhDJose Emilio Esteban, DVM, MBA, PhDFrom the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service, Alameda, California.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-2-200807150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Lasky T. 272 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 2007. $49.95. ISBN 9780195172638. Order at www.oup.com/us.Field of medicine: Primary and infectious disease care and health policy.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Anyone interested in gaining a broad understanding of epidemiologic principles as they apply to current food safety monitoring systems, foodborne illness surveillance systems, and outbreak investigations.Purpose: To provide examples of the application of epidemiologic principles to foodborne illness detection, interpretation, and response.Content: The authors provide a simple guide for nonspecialists who want to better understand the epidemiologic principles that apply to foodborne illness. The book begins with ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service, Alameda, California. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 2008Volume 149, Issue 2Page: 148KeywordsEpidemiologyFoodInfectious disease surveillanceInfectious diseasesMedical risk factorsPrevention, policy, and public healthRisk assessmentsSafetySafety studiesSoftware tools ePublished: 15 July 2008 Issue Published: 15 July 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Recessive mutations in a distal PTF1A enhancer cause isolated pancreatic agenesis
Authors: Michael N Weedon, Ines Cebola, Ann-Marie Patch, Sarah E Flanagan, Elisa De Franco, Richard Caswell, Santiago A Rodríguez-Seguí, Charles Shaw-Smith, Candy H-H Cho, Hana Lango Allen, Jayne Al Houghton, Christian L Roth, Rongrong Chen, Khalid Hussain, Phil Marsh, Ludovic Vallier, Anna Murray, Sian Ellard, Jorge Ferrer, Andrew T Hattersley
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Abstract 4918: In vitro radiosensitization of human neuroblastoma cells with iron oxide - titanium dioxide core-shell nanocomposites conjugated with 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)
Authors: Salida Mirzoeva, William Liu, James R. Bolling, Karna R. Shah, Carol Hirschmugl, Julia Sedlmair, Tatjana Paunesku, Gayle E. Woloschak
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Radiation therapy plays an important role in controlling tumor growth in cancers, including neuroblastoma, one of the most frequent extra cranial solid tumors in children. However, tumor radioresistance remains to be a major obstacle in clinical radiotherapy. In this study, we explored titanium dioxide core-shell nanocomposites conjugated with DOPAC (DOPAC-NCs) as radiosensitizers. Human neuroblastoma SK-N-AS and SK-N-DZ cell cultures were treated with or without of increasing concentrations of DOPAC-NCs (200-3000 nM) prior to irradiation. One hour later, cells were irradiated with a single dose of gamma radiation (0 - 10 Gy). Seventy-two hours following radiation treatment, cell proliferation/viability was assessed by MTS assay. Sham-irradiated cells served as a control. We have found that treatment of SK-N-AS and SK-N-DZ cells with DOPAC-NCs affected cell survival in a dose-dependent manner. Our data also demonstrated the evidence of DOPAC-NCs radiosensitization to gamma radiation. For examples, cell survival of SK-N-AS cells irradiated with 5 Gy and pre-treated with 1000 nM of DOPAC-NCs was as low as 35.6%. Oppositely, without radiation, treatment with the same concentration of DOPAC-NCs had no effect on cell viability. These findings provide in vitro evidence that DOPAC-NCs may be developed and employed as radiosensitizers in neuroblastoma radiation therapy. Citation Format: Salida Mirzoeva, William Liu, James R. Bolling, Karna R. Shah, Carol Hirschmugl, Julia Sedlmair, Tatjana Paunesku, Gayle E. Woloschak. In vitro radiosensitization of human neuroblastoma cells with iron oxide - titanium dioxide core-shell nanocomposites conjugated with 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4918. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4918
What the Doctor Didn’t Say: The Hidden Truth About Medical Research
Authors: Laurence B. McCullough
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Photoprotective effects of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in ultraviolet-induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus: A randomized, vehicle-controlled, double-blind study
Authors: Annegret Kuhn, Kristina Gensch, Merle Haust, Anna-Maria Meuth, France Boyer, Patrick Dupuy, Percy Lehmann, Dieter Metze, Thomas Ruzicka
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
Comparative efficacy of sorafenib versus best supportive care in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: A case-control study
Authors: Carlo Sposito, Luigi Mariani, Alessandro Germini, Maria Flores Reyes, Marco Bongini, Glenda Grossi, Sherrie Bhoori, Vincenzo Mazzaferro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Cardiac myosin heavy chain mRNA expression and myocardial function in the mouse heart.
Authors: W A Ng, I L Grupp, A Subramaniam, J Robbins
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The vertebrate heart contains two myosin heavy chain isoforms, alpha and beta, which are differentially expressed. To establish a murine model for gene-targeting experiments, we defined the precise temporal expression of the myosin isoforms during cardiogenesis and obtained quantitative measurements of cardiac performance. The relative levels of the alpha- and beta-cardiac transcripts were determined by isolating the RNA from the hearts of CD-1 mice during development and hybridizing the preparations to probes that detect specifically the alpha- or beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain mRNAs. The data indicate that, although both isoforms are present from the onset of cardiogenesis, the beta-isoform predominates during embryogenesis and fetal development. This relation is reversed after the first day of life with a significant drop in the absolute transcript levels during the switch; and alpha/beta ratio of 16:1 is maintained in the neonate, and the relatively high levels of the alpha-transcript remain throughout the adult stages. To be able to make functional comparisons between normal and transgenic mice, we obtained indexes of myocardial function in isolated retrogradely perfused and in work-performing heart preparations in normal and hypodynamic mouse hearts. We found that the physiology of the mouse heart is similar to the rat heart in that we observed a positive staircase in the force-frequency relation of the mouse Langendorff preparation. We also saw contractile responses of more than twice control induced by paired stimulation and persistent postextrasystolic potentiation. As is the case for the rat, in the work-performing mouse heart, afterload (Starling resistance, pressure) changes produced a steeper Starling function curve than did changes in preload (volume, venous return).