tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Superior effect of intravenous anti‐D compared with IV gammaglobulin in the treatment of HIV‐thrombocytopenia: Results of a small, randomized prospective comparison
Authors: Andromachi Scaradavou, Susanna Cunningham‐Rundles, John L. Ho, Claudia Folman, Howard Doo, James B. Bussel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract This small, prospective, randomized study compared increases in platelet counts and duration of response after intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) and IV anti‐D in patients with HIV‐related thrombocytopenia (HIV‐TP). Nine Rh+, nonsplenectomized HIV‐positive patients with thrombocytopenia were treated sequentially, in random order, with IVIG and IV anti‐D in a cross over design, receiving each therapy for 3 months. Peak platelet counts and duration of effect after each treatment were compared. In addition, viral load measurements and CD4 counts were followed serially, as well as thrombopoietin levels. IV anti‐D resulted in a mean peak platelet count of 77 x 10 9 /L compared to only 29 x 10 9 /L after IVIG ( P = 0.07). The mean duration of response was significantly longer in patients treated with anti‐D (41 days) compared to IVIG (19 days, P = 0.01). No consistent changes were seen in the CD4 counts or viral load measurements as a result of either therapy. Thrombopoietin levels were normal in all patients despite often severe thrombocytopenia. Anti‐D was more efficacious than IVIG for the treatment of HIV‐TP, confirming and extending previous results. Anti‐D should be the first line therapy in HIV‐positive, Rh+ patients, when antiretroviral agents are not indicated, not effective, or there is an urgent need to increase the platelet count. Am. J. Hematol. 82: 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Knee Remains Achilles' Heel for Many Athletes Despite Improved Therapy
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1990)

AMONG THE REASONS why the Chicago (Ill) Bears professional football team will not be playing in this month's Super Bowl may be what possibly are two of the best-known knees in the Windy City. They belong to Dan Hampton, a tackle for the Bears, who started the season as a veteran of eight knee surgeries. After four games, he required a ninth operation, at which point his physician, Lanny Johnson, MD, of East Lansing, Mich, repeated his advice that it was time to retire from professional football. <h3>Ten Operations</h3> Hampton, 32, now has had 10 operations. He reportedly has had tears of all four menisci and has degenerative arthritis. Hampton chose to continue with the Bears for this season, and Johnson now says: "There has been so much microtrauma that he is losing the battle." Hampton has not yet decided whether to take Johnson's advice about retiring. But his public
Fundamentals of Biostatistics
Authors: John W. Fertig
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This book should be of considerable aid to medical investigators who need to understand the role of statistics in the solution of their problems. Professor Schor has had close contact with a wide variety of medical studies involving statistical concepts. He illustrates many flaws of statistical reasoning in medical problems somewhat in the philosophical style of Bradford Hill's<i>Principles of Statistical Reasoning</i>. There is, however, a great deal more formal statistical methodology in the book under review. The author differentiates clearly between experimental data (the clinical trial) and observational data (the epidemiological investigation). This distinction is often not kept clearly in mind by many investigators since the statistical arithmetic is essentially identical for both types of data. The statistical methods presented are the standard ones: descriptive measures, sampling, statistical inference for one-sample and two-sample problems for means and proportions, correlation, a short section on chi-square and the analysis of variance,
Increased Cardiac Myocyte Progenitors in Failing Human Hearts
Authors: Hajime Kubo, Naser Jaleel, Asangi Kumarapeli, Remus M. Berretta, George Bratinov, Xiaoyin Shan, Hongmei Wang, Steven R. Houser, Kenneth B. Margulies
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Increasing evidence, derived mainly from animal models, supports the existence of endogenous cardiac renewal and repair mechanisms in adult mammalian hearts that could contribute to normal homeostasis and the responses to pathological insults. Methods and Results— Translating these results, we isolated small c-kit + cells from 36 of 37 human hearts using primary cell isolation techniques and magnetic cell sorting techniques. The abundance of these cardiac progenitor cells was increased nearly 4-fold in patients with heart failure requiring transplantation compared with nonfailing controls. Polychromatic flow cytometry of primary cell isolates (&lt;30 μm) without antecedent c-kit enrichment confirmed the increased abundance of c-kit + cells in failing hearts and demonstrated frequent coexpression of CD45 in these cells. Immunocytochemical characterization of freshly isolated, c-kit–enriched human cardiac progenitor cells confirmed frequent coexpression of c-kit and CD45. Primary cardiac progenitor cells formed new human cardiac myocytes at a relatively high frequency after coculture with neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. These contracting new cardiac myocytes exhibited an immature phenotype and frequent electric coupling with the rat myocytes that induced their myogenic differentiation. Conclusions— Despite the increased abundance and cardiac myogenic capacity of cardiac progenitor cells in failing human hearts, the need to replace these organs via transplantation implies that adverse features of the local myocardial environment overwhelm endogenous cardiac repair capacity. Developing strategies to improve the success of endogenous cardiac regenerative processes may permit therapeutic myocardial repair without cell delivery per se.
THE MECHANISM OF THE EXCRETION OF VITAMIN C BY THE HUMAN KIDNEY 1
Authors: Elaine P. Ralli, Gerald J. Friedman, Saul H. Rubin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1938)

The work of numerous investigators has shown that vitamin C is excreted in the urine (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), and various suggestions have been made as to the relation between the rate of ex- cretion and the concentration in the blood.None
A therapeutic strategy uses histone deacetylase inhibitors to modulate the expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yih-Lin Chung, Ming-Yuan Lee, Ae-June Wang, Lin-Fen Yao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by progressive destruction of the affected joints. The pathophysiology results from genetic susceptibility and autoimmune phenomena, leading to tissue inflammation and synovial hyperplasia termed pannus, which irreversibly destroys cartilage and bone. The current treatment options, which suppress immune responses or ameliorate inflammation, do not halt the destructive process. We found that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (phenylbutyrate and trichostatin A) causing histone hyperacetylation to modulate multiple gene expression not only induced the expression of p21Cip1 and p16INK4 in synovial cells but also inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in affected tissues in adjuvant arthritis, an animal model of RA. Based on the observations that joint swelling is reduced, subintimal mononuclear cell infiltration is decreased, synovial hyperplasia is inhibited, pannus formation is suppressed, and no cartilage or bone destruction is seen, the HDAC inhibitors may represent a new class of compounds for the treatment of RA by simultaneously, coordinately, synergistically, or epigenetically modulating multiple molecular targets in the pathogenesis of RA.
Renal Disease and Coagulation Alterations.
Authors: Margaret E. Todd
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Renal Disease and Coagulation Alterations.Margaret E. Todd, Ph.D., Jaime Borrero, M.D., E. Lovell Becker, M.D., F.A.C.P.Margaret E. Todd, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Jaime Borrero, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, E. Lovell Becker, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1183_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn certain renal disease there is sufficient evidence of alterations in clotting to prompt a systematic study of the coagulation factors.Thirty patients with the nephrotic syndrome from diverse causes, ten of whom had renal insufficiency, were studied. Renal biopsies were performed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff reaction, Masson, silver methenamine, and Lendrum's MSB fibrin stain. Coagulation tests included prothrombin time, fibrinogen concentration, thromboplastin generation, heparin tolerance, platelet adhesive index, thromboelastography, bleeding time, and factor VIII assay.In a significant number of patients there was fibrin noted within the glomerulus, and in the patient with the nephrotic... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySelective renal venography in patients with primary renal disease and the nephrotic syndromeThe fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion in hypoproteinaemic patientsGlomerular localization of fibrinogen—Linicopathologic, prognostic and therapeutic considerations 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1183-1184KeywordsBiopsyCoagulation factorsFibrinFibrinogenHemorrhageHeparinPeriodic acid SchiffPlateletsProthrombin timeRenal diseases Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Amygdala Activation During Emotion Processing of Neutral Faces in Children With Severe Mood Dysregulation Versus ADHD or Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Melissa A. Brotman, Brendan A. Rich, Amanda E. Guyer, Jessica R. Lunsford, Sarah E. Horsey, Michelle M. Reising, Laura A. Thomas, Stephen J. Fromm, Kenneth Towbin, Daniel S. Pine, Ellen Leibenluft
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

To understand disorder-unique and common pathophysiology, studies in multiple patient groups with overlapping symptoms are needed. Deficits in emotion processing and hyperarousal symptoms are prominent features of bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and severe mood dysregulation. The authors compared amygdala response during emotional and nonemotional ratings of neutral faces in youths with these disorders as well as a group of healthy comparison youths.Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the amygdala was examined in children with bipolar disorder (N=43), ADHD (N=18), and severe mood dysregulation (N=29) and healthy comparison subjects (N=37). During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants attended to emotional and nonemotional aspects of neutral faces.While rating subjective fear of neutral faces, youths with ADHD demonstrated left amygdala hyperactivity relative to the other three groups, whereas youths with severe mood dysregulation demonstrated hypoactivity.These findings support the role of unique neural correlates in face-emotion processing among youths with bipolar disorder, ADHD, and severe mood dysregulation.
Are interventions to promote physical activity in children a waste of time?
Authors: M. Hamer, A. Fisher
Journal: BMJ (2012)

2][3] Current UK guidelines state that all children and adolescents should engage in physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity for at least 60 minutes a day. 4 However, recent objective data from the Health Survey for England confirmed that only 33% of boys and 21% of girls currently meet those guidelines, 5 and further research has shown a dramatic drop off in activity levels from childhood to adolescence. 6Thus, developing effective interventions to promote physical activity in children is crucial.
Meeting Highlights: Updated International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Aron Goldhirsch, William C. Wood, Richard D. Gelber, Alan S. Coates, Beat Thürlimann, Hans-Jörg Senn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

This account of the highlights of the eighth St Gallen (Switzerland) meeting in 2003 emphasizes new information that has emerged during the 2 years since the seventh meeting in 2001. This article should be read in conjunction with the report of that earlier meeting. Recommendations for patient care are so critically dependent on assessment of endocrine responsiveness that the importance of high-quality steroid hormone receptor determination and standardized quantitative reporting cannot be overemphasized. The International Consensus Panel modified the risk categories so that only endocrine receptor–absent status was sufficient to reclassify an otherwise low-risk, node-negative disease into the category of average risk. Absence of steroid hormone receptors also was recognized as indicating endocrine nonresponsiveness. Some important areas highlighted at the recent meeting include: (1) recognition of the separate nature of endocrine-nonresponsive breast cancer—both invasive cancers and ductal carcinoma-in-situ; (2) improved understanding of the mechanisms of acquired endocrine resistance, which offer exciting prospects for extending the impact of successful sequential endocrine therapies; (3) presentation of high-quality evidence indicating that chemotherapy and tamoxifen should be used sequentially rather than concurrently; (4) availability of a potential alternative to tamoxifen for treatment of postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive disease; and (5) the promise of newly defined prognostic and predictive markers.
Novel Mechanism for Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Akira Ito, Philip S. Tsao, Shanthi Adimoolam, Masumi Kimoto, Tadashi Ogawa, John P. Cooke
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Plasma levels of ADMA are elevated in individuals with hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerosis. We postulated that reduced degradation of ADMA may play a role in the accumulation of ADMA in these individuals. Accordingly, we studied the effects of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the accumulation of ADMA by transformed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV304) and on the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), which degrades ADMA. Methods and Results —ECV304 were incubated with or without native LDL (100 μg/mL), oxLDL (100 μg/mL), or TNF-α (250 U/mL) for 48 hours. The concentration of ADMA in the conditioned medium was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Western blotting was performed to evaluate DDAH expression. We assayed DDAH activity by determining l -citrulline formation from ADMA. The addition of oxLDL or TNF-α to ECV304 significantly increased the level of ADMA in the conditioned medium. The effect of oxLDL or TNF-α was not due to a change in DDAH expression but rather to the reduction of DDAH activity. To determine whether dysregulation of DDAH also occurred in vivo, New Zealand White rabbits were fed normal chow or a high-cholesterol diet. Hypercholesterolemia significantly reduced aortic, renal, and hepatic DDAH activity. Conclusions —These results suggest that the endothelial vasodilator dysfunction observed in hypercholesterolemia may be due to reduced degradation of ADMA, the endogenous inhibitor of NOS.
Time course of central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide tension difference in septic shock patients receiving incremental doses of dobutamine
Authors: Jihad Mallat, Younes Benzidi, Julia Salleron, Malcolm Lemyze, Gaëlle Gasan, Nicolas Vangrunderbeeck, Florent Pepy, Laurent Tronchon, Benoit Vallet, Didier Thevenin
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Cigarette Smoking and Panic: The Role of Neuroticism
Authors: Renée Goodwin, Steven P. Hamilton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

The authors sought to determine the relationship of panic attacks, cigarette smoking, and neuroticism.Data were drawn from the Midlife Development in the United States Survey, a representative household survey of the adult population of the United States (N=3,032). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between panic attacks and cigarette smoking and to determine whether neuroticism was an independent predictor of the co-occurrence of cigarette smoking and panic attacks.The majority of individuals with panic attacks had been regular smokers during their lifetime (81.1%), a significantly higher rate than seen among subjects without panic attacks (69.4%). Regular cigarette smoking was associated with a significantly greater risk of current panic attacks. This significant association persisted after analyses controlled for demographic characteristics, depression, and alcohol/substance use disorders but was no longer evident after analyses adjusted for neuroticism. Neuroticism independently predicted the co-occurrence of regular cigarette smoking and panic attacks but did not predict either panic attacks or cigarette smoking in the absence of the other.Consistent with previous findings, these data suggest that panic attacks are associated with greater risk of cigarette smoking but provide new evidence that neuroticism may play an essential role in this relationship. These data are preliminary but, if replicated, suggest that neuroticism may reflect a shared vulnerability for the co-occurrence of cigarette smoking and panic attacks. Future studies are needed to further explore the mechanism of this association.
Immunoglobulin heavy chain phenotypes and background retinopathy in non-insulin dependent diabetics.
Authors: R. N. Baldwin, C. Mijovic, J. Fletcher, A. R. Bradwell, A. H. Barnett, T. D. Hockaday
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Etude suivie pendant 10 ans de 110 malades diabetiques, non insulino-dependant. Une correlation significative est trouvee entre le phenotype Gm(zaf; n; bg) et le developpement plus ou moins tardif d'une retinopathie. Cette complication semble dependre d'un composant immunogenetique. La determination du phenotype aiderait a identifier les malades a haut risque de micro-angiopathie
Abstract 476: Defining two populations of prostate cancer cells with distinct molecular, biological, and tumor-propagating properties
Authors: Jichao Qin, Xin Liu, Brian Laffin, Xin Chen, Grace Choy, Collene Jeter, Tammy Calhoun-Davis, Hangwen Li, Ivan Ivanov, Ganesh Palapattu, Shen Pang, Jiaoti Huang, Mahipal Suraneni, Dean G. Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous malignancy containing different types of tumor cells. The cellular basis underlying PCa cell heterogeneity and functional importance of different PCa cell populations in maintaining tumor homeostasis and mediating castration-resistant progression remain poorly understood. By whole-genome microarray analysis, time-lapse videomicroscopy, serial tumor transplantations, and other functional assays, here we report the distinct molecular, cell biological, and tumor-propagating properties of PCa cells that express high (i.e., PSA+) and low (PSA−/lo) levels of PSA. PSA−/lo PCa cells are relatively quiescent and resistant to multiple stresses, exhibit high clonogenic potential, and possess long-term tumor-propagating capacity in intact male mice. They preferentially express stem cell-associated genes and epigenetic profiles and can generate PSA+ cells by either asymmetric or symmetric cell division. Of great clinic significance, PSA−/lo PCa cells can initiate robust tumor development in fully castrated hosts and survive experimental androgen-deprivation therapy. In contrast, PSA+ PCa cells, despite being highly tumorigenic in androgen-proficient hosts, possess more limited tumor-propagating capacity, mainly undergo symmetric division, and are sensitive to castration. Our data together suggest that the two populations of PCa cells appear to play differential roles in tumor maintenance and PSA−/lo cells may represent an important source of castration-resistant PCa cells. Our findings have important implications in understanding PCa cell heterogeneity, tumor response to the mainstay antiandrogen therapies, and emergence of castration-resistant PCa. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 476. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-476
JAMA's Newest International Flavor
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The Journal's interest in international medical communication has a long history. The first foreign-language publication of<i>The Journal of the American Medical Association</i>began in 1919. With support from the Rockefeller Foundation, the American Medical Association (AMA) published a twice-monthly Spanish edition that was eventually sustained by 5000 paid subscriptions in Spain and Latin America. The AMA and the Rockefeller Foundation later withdrew their support, and the edition ceased publication in 1927.<sup>1</sup> In 1947, as part of agreements made between the US Department of State and the AMA, a Japanese-language edition ofTHE JOURNALbegan. It was a condensed version produced by a commercial Japanese publisher and reached a peak circulation of about 5000. It ceased publication in 1958, after the Japanese had developed a variety of their own postwar scientific medical journals. Following these two historically interesting but uneasy beginnings, Dr Robert Moser began a second Spanish
An Exploratory Study to Subtype Obese Binge Eaters by Personality Traits
Authors: Paolo Leombruni, Giuseppe Rocca, Secondo Fassino, Filippo Gastaldi, Barbara Nicotra, Sara Siccardi, Luca Lavagnino
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2014)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Obesity and binge eating disorder (BED) are prevalent conditions that severely affect the quality of life of many people in developed countries, but an effective treatment remains elusive. Personality traits have been studied extensively in this population, leading to different, and at times conflicting, results. Subtyping BED people along these features could add to our knowledge of the disorder. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We applied a two-step cluster analysis, followed by bootstrapping validation, to the Temperament and Character Inventory scores of 462 subjects affected by obesity and BED or subthreshold BED. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We found two clusters of subjects; however, the categorization in clusters 1 and 2 did not appear to strictly overlap with the distinction between BED and subthreshold BED. The first cluster showed higher harm avoidance and a lower self-directedness. Cluster 1 patients had higher depression, higher eating impulsivity, greater problems with their body image and poorer quality of life than cluster 2 patients. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Our results seem to confirm the heterogeneity of the binge eater population and suggest the importance of harm avoidance and self-directedness to subtype these subjects. These results could generate exploratory works regarding personality in obese people with BED to discover more targeted treatments.