tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Intravenous Enalaprilat Efficacy and Safety in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Djillali Annane, Eric Bellissant, Eric Pussard, Roland Asmar, Florence Lacombe, Edouard Lanata, Olivier Madonna, Michel Safar, Jean-Franc¸ois Giudicelli, Philippe Gajdos
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Converting enzyme inhibitors meet most of the criteria required to be used in acute pulmonary edema. However, they could also induce deleterious effects on renal function and electrolytes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single intravenous 2-hour infusion of enalaprilat (1 mg) after an acute pulmonary edema. Methods and Results This was a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study performed in 20 congestive heart failure patients (New York Heart Association class III or IV). Systemic and regional hemodynamic parameters, biological parameters, and blood gases were measured before and repeatedly after the onset of infusion. Compared with placebo, enalaprilat decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (−37% versus −10%, P =.001), diastolic and mean systemic blood pressures (−21% versus 0%, P =.009, and −18% versus −1%, P =.026, respectively), diastolic and mean pulmonary blood pressures (−21% versus −8%, P =.040; −18% versus −9%, P =.046), and brachial and renal resistances (−44% versus −14%, P =.017, and −22% versus −2%, P =.014, respectively); increased brachial and renal blood flows (+77% versus +8%, P =.036, and +12% versus 0%, P =.043, respectively), arterial oxygen tension (+2% versus −16%, P =.041), and arterial oxygen saturation (+1% versus −2%, P =.045); and tended to decrease rate-pressure product (−19% versus −7%, P =.076), increase brachial artery diameter (+13% versus 0%, P =.081), and improve intrapulmonary shunt (−18% versus +16%, P =.080). Enalaprilat did not affect cardiac output or carotid or hepatosplanchnic hemodynamics. Conclusions Early administration of enalaprilat is effective and well tolerated in acute pulmonary edema.
Book Review Dwarfism: Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Profound Short Stature By Betty M. Adelson. 342 pp., illustrated. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. $70 (cloth); $30 (paper). 0-8018-8121-8 (cloth); 0-8018-8122-6 (paper).
Authors: Gad B. Kletter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Maple syrup urine disease. Complete defect of the E1 beta subunit of the branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex due to a deletion of an 11-bp repeat sequence which encodes a mitochondrial targeting leader peptide in a family with the disease.
Authors: Y Nobukuni, H Mitsubuchi, I Akaboshi, Y Indo, F Endo, A Yoshioka, I Matsuda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) deficiency results in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). We examined the molecular basis of familial cases of MSUD by analyzing the activity, subunit structure, mRNA sequence, and genome structure of the affected enzyme. The BCKDH activity in the proband with MSUD was approximately 6% of the normal control level. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the E1 beta subunit of BCKDH was absent and that the E1 alpha subunit of BCKDH was markedly reduced. We amplified the cDNAs of the E1 alpha subunit and the E1 beta subunit of the BCKDH complex obtained from cells of the patient, using the polymerase chain reaction method, then sequenced the amplified cDNAs. The deduced amino acid sequence for the E1 alpha subunit of the patient's cell was normal. An 11-bp deletion was identified in the region that encoded the mitochondrial targeting leader peptide in the E1 beta cDNA. This 11-bp sequence is found in the first exon of the BCKDH-E1 beta gene, as a direct tandem repeat. Amplification of genomic DNA revealed that the consanguineous parents were heterozygous for this mutant allele, and sister and brother of the patient with the disease were homozygous for this mutant allele. This 11-bp deletion mutation caused a change in the reading frame and the mature E1 beta protein was defective. These observations show the biological importance of the E1 beta subunit of BCKDH to maintain normal function of the enzyme activity. The absence of the E1 beta subunit results in instability of the E1 alpha subunit.
Hypercontractile cardiac states simulating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: P C Come, B H Bulkley, Z D Goodman, G M Hutchins, B Pitt, N J Fortuin
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) has been defined as an autosomal dominant myocardial disease characterized by specific physical findings, echocardiographic features, asymmetric septal hypertrophy and disordered myocardial architecture. Echocardiographic and scintiphotographic studies failed to reveal evidence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy in four patients with systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve and the typical ausculatory and peripheral pulse abnormalities characteristic of HCM. Postmortem examimination in one patient demonstrated mild concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and a normal arrangement of myocardial muscle fibers. These observations in four patients demonstrate that both systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve and the physical findings characteristic of HCM are not specific for the autosomal dominant myocardial disease characterized by asymmetric septal hypertrophy and abnormal septal histology.
Survival by Time of Day of Hemodialysis in an Elderly Cohort
Authors: Donald L. Bliwise
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextPatients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) typically undergo hemodialysis (HD) during the morning or afternoon, with time of treatment generally based on space availability or patient preference. No studies have investigated variation in patient survival as a function of the time of day when they receive dialysis.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of elderly patients' HD treatment shift with their continued survival, controlling for well-established HD-related mortality risk factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAn 11-year follow-up cohort study conducted among 242 ESRD patients aged 60 years or older who underwent HD at 58 dialysis facilities in Georgia either during a morning shift (n = 167) or an afternoon shift (n = 75) and who completed baseline (1998) and follow-up (1991) interviews.Main Outcome MeasureMortality from all causes occurring through July 7, 1999, as verified by death-certificate reviews, and compared by morning vs afternoon-shift HD.ResultsMorning-shift HD patients survived significantly longer than afternoon-shift patients (median survival, 941 days vs 470 days; P&lt;.001). A Cox proportional hazards model indicated that the morning shift was protective (relative risk, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-0.95) independent of age, race, sex, body mass index, functional status, diabetic ESRD, cardiovascular comorbidity, weekly hours of dialysis, and months of dialysis.ConclusionsPossible explanations for differential survival in association with morning vs afternoon dialysis include salutary effects of sleep in the morning or less efficient biochemical exchange during afternoon dialysis. Results from this cohort study may warrant prospective observational studies and randomized clinical trials that systematically alter the time of day at which HD is administered.
ABC of sleep disorders. Function of sleep.
Authors: C M Shapiro, M J Flanigan
Journal: BMJ (1993)

This review focuses on the modern management of the non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction). Patients with these syndromes are at varying degrees of risk of (re)infarction and death. This risk can be reliably predicted by clinical, electrocardiographic, and biochemical markers. Aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), and anti-ischaemic drugs should be offered to all patients, irrespective of the predicted level of risk. Patients at high risk should also receive a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor and should undergo early coronary arteriography with a view to percutaneous or surgical revascularisation. Lower risk patients should undergo non-invasive testing. When inducible myocardial ischaemia is exhibited coronary arteriography should follow. When non-invasive testing is negative, a conservative management strategy is safe.
GENERIC NAMES AND TRADE NAMES
Authors: J. H. Walton
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The editorial, "What's in a Name?," which appeared inThe Journal, Aug. 6, page 1580, recommending wider use of generic names, contains a number of interesting facts but omits mention of some rather important considerations. The trade name of a drug represents a very substantial contribution of time and effort given to chemical, pharmacological, and clinical research. The owner of that trade name, in his own self-interest, must protect that investment by rigid quality controls, so that every tablet or teaspoonful will have exactly the same ingredients, the same physical characteristics, and, therefore, the same pharmacological action as every other tablet or teaspoonful. In contrast, many purveyors of drugs under generic names are under no such compulsion, since they sell mainly to those who want "something just as good—only cheaper." The physician who purchases an automobile, an air conditioner, a shirt, or even a pack of cigarettes
Watery diarrhoea and an islet cell tumour
Authors: W. Hindle, D. J. McBrien, B. Creamer
Journal: Gut (1964)

It is suggested that there are two hormonal syndromes associated with noninsulin-secreting islet cell tumours and this case is an example of the non-gastrin-secreting type with watery diarrhoea and hypokalaemia. The patient had histamine-fast achlorhydria and a normal gastric biopsy and no gastrin was recovered from the tumour tissue. The watery diarrhoea was isosmotic with plasma and was increased by an intravenous saline load. There was a dramatic response to steroids.
Electrocardiographic changes after cardioversion of ventricular arrhythmias.
Authors: S B Eysmann, F E Marchlinski, A E Buxton, M E Josephson
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To evaluate rhythm and QRS-T changes after cardioversion of induced ventricular arrhythmias, 56 patients underwent continuous three-lead and serial 12-lead electrocardiographic monitoring for 15 min after 77 cardioversions. Fifty patients were cardioverted externally and nine internally with an implanted automatic cardioverter/defibrillator. Initial energy for external cardioversion was 200 Wsec in 57 of 64 arrhythmia episodes. Two hundred watt-seconds of energy effectively terminated 41 of 44 episodes of ventricular tachycardia and six of 13 episodes of ventricular fibrillation (p less than .001). Early bradycardia (mean cycle length greater than or equal to 1200 msec during the first 5 sec) occurred after 17 of 64 external and two of 13 internal cardioversions (p = NS) in a total of 16 patients. Bradycardia persisted at 10 sec after cardioversion in nine patients. Early bradycardia was associated with the need for multiple cardioversions to terminate the arrhythmia (six of 10 multiple cardioversions vs 13 of 67 single cardioversions, p less than .05) and the presence of inferior myocardial infarction (eight of 16 patients with vs eight of 40 patients without inferior infarction, p less than .05). Supraventricular tachycardia (cycle length less than or equal to 500 msec) occurred after 19 of 64 external and six of 13 internal cardioversions (p = NS). Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (4 to 40 beats) was observed after seven external cardioversions, with three episodes lasting 3 sec or more.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sirolimus-eluting stents abolish neointimal hyperplasia in patients with in-stent restenosis: late angiographic and intravascular ultrasound results
Authors: Patrick W. Serruys, Alexandre Abizaid, David Foley, Andrea Abizaid, Pim de Feyter, Jeffrey Popma, Muzaffer Degertekin, Rodolfo Staico, Ibraim Pinto, Egon Wuelfert, Amanda Sousa, J.Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
New Soviet Surgical Apparatus and Instruments and Their Application
Authors: Robert P. Hohf
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The proceedings of the first scientific session of the Scientific Research Institute for Experimental Surgical Apparatus and Instruments ( a branch of the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Health) held Dec. 6 to 8, 1956, are reported in an excellent English translation. They summarize the institute's first 5 years of work in which more than 100 surgical appliances were designed and modernized, including about a dozen that are new. One group of papers describes the problems of the science of medical instrument making. A second group gives information regarding experience with new apparatus. A third section deals with the artificial circulation of blood. The book has a general mood of vitality and shows effort to prove itself with overtones that its purpose is to glorify the government. A sense of inferiority and need for justification is communicated in frequent, unsupported dogmatic statements. Nonetheless, the papers are well organized and clearly presented, although frequently
Selective Mesenteric Arterial Infusions in the Management of Massive Diverticular Hemorrhage
Authors: Stanley Baum, Josef Rösch, Charles T. Dotter, Ernest J. Ring, Christos Athanasoulis, Arthur C. Waltman, W. Robert Courey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Mesenteric arteriography was performed on 15 patients with massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage from colonic diverticular disease. In each case, the bleeding site was localized, and selective mesenteric arterial infusion of vasoconstricting drugs was successful in providing immediate control of hemorrhage. No local complications developed at the femoral arterial puncture site, and there was no evidence of intestinal ischemia as a result of the infusion. Seven of the 15 patients received no further therapy and have been followed for six to 30 months without rebleeding. Of the remaining eight patients four had elective partial colectomies after a period of hemostasis, and four underwent surgery for bleeding that recurred after cessation of the infusion. (N Engl J Med 288:1269–1272, 1973)
THE UTILIZATION OF PTFE COVERED STENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF RENAL ARTERY IN-STENT RESTENOSIS
Authors: Nicholas J. Ruggiero, Joseph Garasic, Michael R. Jaff, Andrew B. McCann, Thomas J. Kiernan, Brian G. Hynes, Douglas E. Drachman, Robert Schainfeld, Kenneth Rosenfield, Gary M. Ansel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Biological monitoring of genotoxic hazard in workers of the rubber industry.
Authors: M Moretti, M Villarini, G Scassellati-Sforzolini, S Monarca, M Libraro, C Fatigoni, F Donato, C Leonardis, L Perego
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Biological monitoring of genotoxic hazard in the rubber industry was performed in 19 male workers and 20 age-matched controls in a local health unit in northern Italy. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed for the presence of DNA damage (single-cell microgel-electrophoresis, or comet assay) and for cytogenetic parameters (sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei frequency, and proliferative rate index). The following bioassays were performed in urine samples: a) mutagenicity test and concentration of thioethers as markers of exposure, and b) excretion of D-glucaric acid and 6-beta-hydroxycortisol (related to 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion) as indicators of the inductive status of the microsomal enzyme system (phase-I). The exposed subjects showed statistically higher mean values of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and micronuclei and lower values of 6-beta-hydroxycortisol than controls, when taking cigarette smoking into account. The comet assay showed higher values for migration distance in exposed subjects than controls, although the differences were not significant at a p-value of 0.05. These findings suggest that industrial exposure in the rubber processing industry may cause genetic damage and may modify the activity level of some enzymes; these results should be considered with caution due to the small number of subjects enrolled.
An intronic SNP in a RUNX1 binding site of SLC22A4, encoding an organic cation transporter, is associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Shinya Tokuhiro, Ryo Yamada, Xiaotian Chang, Akari Suzuki, Yuta Kochi, Tetsuji Sawada, Masakatsu Suzuki, Miyuki Nagasaki, Masahiko Ohtsuki, Mitsuru Ono, Hidehiko Furukawa, Masakazu Nagashima, Shinichi Yoshino, Akihiko Mabuchi, Akihiro Sekine, Susumu Saito, Atsushi Takahashi, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Yusuke Nakamura, Kazuhiko Yamamoto
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
Right Carotid-Cavernous Fistula
Authors: JAVIER BANZO, D MARIA AB??S, ENRIQUE PRATS, JORGE TEIJEIRO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Tc-99m DTPA cerebral angiography in a patient with carotid-cavernous fistula demonstrated increased flow in the region of the right cavernous sinus and early filling of the superior ophthalmic vein.
Neuropathy: The Crystal Ball for Cardiovascular Disease?
Authors: Aaron I. Vinik, Raelene E. Maser, Dan Ziegler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes. Unclear, however, is the effect of intensive therapy in reducing the development of cardiovascular complications. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), involving patients with newly diagnosed disease, showed a nonsignificant trend in the reduction of rates for myocardial infarction (MI) (1). However, data 10 years after cessation of the trial showed a 15% reduction in the risk of MI for those in the original intensive therapy group (2). This benefit from early intensive therapy persisted despite the fact that the within-trial differences for A1C between the intensive and conventional therapy groups were lost within 1 year of completion of the trial. The sustained benefit from early aggressive treatment is referred to as the legacy effect or metabolic memory.

The question of more intensive therapy and reduction in cardiovascular complications was addressed for people with type 2 diabetes of long duration in three other studies (i.e., the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes [ACCORD] [3], the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation [ADVANCE] [4], the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial [VADT] [5]). Although the three studies utilized different patient cohorts, with varying durations of diabetes (ACCORD, 10 years; VADT, 11.5 years; and ADVANCE, 8 years) and had different treatment regimens, the results of these trials indicated that intensive glucose control did not reduce CVD events. In fact, the ACCORD trial was terminated early because an increased rate of mortality was found to be associated with intensive control of hyperglycemia (6). A higher rate of mortality for those on intensive treatment was not, however, found in ADVANCE and VADT. Recent articles from the ACCORD trial, by Pop-Busui et al. (7) and Calles Escandon et …
Evidence grows that eating red meat increases cancer risk
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2005)

High consumption of red and processed meat is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, a new study has confirmed.

Meat consumption has previously been associated with colorectal cancer in earlier studies, but the strength of the association and types of meat involved have not been consistent ( JAMA, 2005;293: 172-82).

Dr Ann Chao of the American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, and colleagues examined the relation between long term meat consumption and the …
Local and systemic cytokine responses during experimental human influenza A virus infection. Relation to symptom formation and host defense.
Authors: F G Hayden, R Fritz, M C Lobo, W Alvord, W Strober, S E Straus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

To further understand the role of cytokine responses in symptom formation and host defenses in influenza infection, we determined the levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-alpha, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha in nasal lavage fluid, plasma, and serum obtained serially from 19 volunteers experimentally infected with influenza A/Texas/36/91 (H1N1) and correlated these levels with various measures of infection and illness severity. We found that IL-6 and IFN-alpha levels in nasal lavage fluids peaked early (day 2) and correlated directly with viral titers, temperature, mucus production, and symptom scores. IL-6 elevations were also found in the circulation at this time point. In contrast, TNF-alpha responses peaked later (day 3 in plasma, day 4 in nasal fluids), when viral shedding and symptoms were subsiding. Similarly, IL-8 peaked late in the illness course (days 4-6) and correlated only with lower respiratory symptoms, which also occurred late. None of IL-1beta, IL-2, or TGF-beta levels increased significantly. These data implicate IL-6 and IFN-alpha as key factors both in symptom formation and host defense in influenza.
Telomere attrition and candidate gene mutations preceding monosomy 7 in aplastic anemia
Authors: Bogdan Dumitriu, Xingmin Feng, Danielle M. Townsley, Yasutaka Ueda, Tetsuichi Yoshizato, Rodrigo T. Calado, Yanqin Yang, Yoshiyuki Wakabayashi, Sachiko Kajigaya, Seishi Ogawa, Jun Zhu, Neal S. Young
Journal: Blood (2014)
Workmen's Compensation
Authors: Henry F. Howe
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Most physicians are involved in the care and treatment of injured workers whose illness arises "out of and in the course of" their employment. To whatever extent a physician encounters such patients, he usually finds himself working under the provisions of a workmen's compensation statute applicable to these cases. Whether he assumes direct care, or is merely called in consultation, he is immediately subject to the regulations and control of the industrial accident commission. In most states he must submit initial and progress reports, bills for his fees, and sometimes records of his treatment, according to standards established by the industrial commission, else he may be deprived of the privilege of care of compensable injuries. Fortunately, most workers' injuries and occupational illnesses are minor ones, producing brief lost time from work or none, and therefore no controversy over payment by the employer of indemnity or to the physician for medical
From Asthma to Atherosclerosis — 5-Lipoxygenase, Leukotrienes, and Inflammation
Authors: Raffaele De Caterina, Antonella Zampolli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Eicosanoids are lipid mediators of inflammation; they include a variety of compounds (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, hydroxy- and epoxy-fatty acids, lipoxins, and isoprostanes) that are derived from the ubiquitous 20-carbon atom arachidonate (20 in Greek is "eicosa") and a few similar polyunsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids are esterified in the phospholipids of biologic membranes and then released in response to a variety of stimuli to become substrates for metabolizing enzymes. More than 20 years ago, Samuelsson and coworkers identified leukotrienes as a class of eicosanoids that are derived through the action of 5-lipoxygenase. This enzyme, which is selectively expressed in . . .