THE ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME IN MAN
Authors: S WARREN, J Z BOWERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1950)

Article1 February 1950THE ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME IN MANSHIELDS WARREN, M.D., JOHN Z. BOWERS, M.D.SHIELDS WARREN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN Z. BOWERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-32-2-207 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIonizing radiation today embraces a variety of atomic particles and electromagnetic waves some of which penetrate the body at will while others, although highly damaging, are effective only over a range of a few millimeters of tissue. When an atomic bomb explodes, two forms of penetrating radiation, namely gamma rays and neutrons, are instantaneously liberated in large amounts. The passage of these radiations through the body of an individual will, if in sufficient amount, damage a variety of tissues according to their inherent "sensitivity" to radiation. This injury to sensitive tissues produces a collection of signs and symptoms which are...Bibliography1. WarrenDunlap SCE: Effects of radiation on normal tissue. III. Effects of radiation on the blood and the hemopoietic tissues including the spleen, the thymus and the lymph nodes, Arch. Path. 34: 562-608, 1942. Google Scholar2. HenshawSnider PSRS: Correlation of tissue responses following exposure to penetrating radiations, M.D.D.C., 569, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, July 1946. Google Scholar3. Warren S: The histopathology of radiation lesions, Physiol. Rev. 24: 225-238, 1944. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. Prosser CL: The clinical sequence of physiological effects of ionizing radiation in animals, Radiology 49: 299-312, 1947. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Ellinger F: Lethal dose studies with x-rays, Radiology 44: 125-142, 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. BruesHenshawBlockNeelUllrich AMPSMEJVFW: General report of the atomic bomb casualty commission. Tsuzuki, M.: Report on medical studies of the effects of the atomic bomb, Appendix No. 9, pp. 67-111, National Research Council, Privately circulated, January 1947. Google Scholar7. Keller PD: Clinical syndrome following exposure to atomic bomb explosions, J. A. M. A. 131: 504-506, 1946. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. Warren S: Pathologic effects of instantaneous dose of radiation, Cancer Research 6: 449-453, 1946. MedlineGoogle Scholar9. Leroy GV: Medical sequelae of atomic bomb explosion, J. A. M. A. 134: 1143-1148, 1947. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar10. Larkin JC: Distribution of radiation in atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Am. J. Roentgenol. 55: 525-532, 1946. Google Scholar11. Failla G: Some aspects of biological action of ionizing radiations, Am. J. Roentgenol. 44: 649-664, 1940. Google Scholar12. Sugiura K: Studies on radiosensitivity of mouse sarcoma 180 irradiated in vivo and in vitro, Radiology 29: 352-361, 1937. CrossrefGoogle Scholar13. Idem: Effects of injections of distilled water on growth of irradiated mouse sarcoma 180, Am. J. Roentgenol. 43: 533-538, 1940. Google Scholar14. Crowther JA: Biological action of x-rays—theoretical review, Brit. J. Radiol. 11: 132-145, 1938. CrossrefGoogle Scholar15. Reboul J: Theorie generale de l'action des rayons x sur les elements biologiques, Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc. 208: 229-231, 1939. Google Scholar16. Zirkle RE: Relationships between chemical and biological effects of ionizing radiations, Radiology 52: 846, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar17. BarronSingerMuntzGasoodaHopkins ESTPJABJM: Some aspects of the biological action of radiation, M. D. D. C., U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, 484. Google Scholar18. Patt HM: Cysteine protection against x-irradiation, Science 110: 213, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar19. LiebowWarrenDeCoursey AASE: Pathology of atomic bomb casualties, Am. J. Path. 25: 853, 1949. MedlineGoogle Scholar20. Steinberg SS: Irradiation sickness: critical study, Am. J. Roentgenol. 47: 55-65, 1942. Google Scholar21. JenkinsonBrown ELWH: Irradiation sickness: hypothesis concerning basic mechanism and study of therapeutic effect of amphetamine and dextro-desoxyephedrine, Am. J. Roentgenol. 51: 496-503, 1944. Google Scholar22. PainterBrues EEAM: The radiation syndrome, New Eng. J. Med. 240: 871-876, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar23. WarrenWhipple SLGH: Roentgen ray intoxication, J. Exper. Med. 35: 187-211, 1922. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar24. IvyMcCarthyOrndoff ACJEBH: Studies on effect of roentgen rays on glandular activity. IV. Effect of exposure of abdominal and thoracic areas to roentgen rays on gastric secretion; note on roentgen cachexia, J. A. M. A. 83: 1977-1984, 1924. CrossrefGoogle Scholar25. AllenJacobson JGLO: Hyperheparinemia: cause of hemorrhagic syndrome associated with total body exposure to ionizing radiation, Science, 105: 388, 1947. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar26. BloomJacobson WLA: Some hematologic effects of irradiation, Blood 3: 586-592, 1946. CrossrefGoogle Scholar27. ShouseWarrenWhipple SESLGH: Aplasia of marrow and fatal intoxication in dogs produced by roentgen irradiation of all bones, J. Exper. Med. 53: 421, 1931. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar28. Warren S: The Nagasaki survivors as seen in 1947, Mil. Surgeon 102: 98-100, 1948. Google Scholar29. WilsonBrunschwig HA: Irradiation sarcoma, Surgery 2: 607-611, 1937. Google Scholar30. HenshawHawkins PJ: Leukemia, incidence in physicians, J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 4: 339, 1944. Google Scholar31. FieldRekers JP: Ionizing radiation disease and a study of the protective nature of flavones, M. D. D. C., U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1672. Google Scholar32. Ellinger F: Protective action of desoxycorticosterone acetate against x-ray-induced liver changes, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 64: 31, 1947. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar33. SwiftPattTyree MNHMEB: The effect of adrenal cortical extract on adrenal response to total body x-irradiation, Fed. Proc. 7: 1, 1948. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D. C.*Presented at the Thirtieth Annual Session of the American College of Physicians, New York, N. Y., April 1, 1949.†Director, Division of Biology and Medicine, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission.‡Deputy Director, Division of Biology and Medicine, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySocial Hierarchy Dictates Intestinal Radiation Injury in a Gut Microbiota-Dependent MannerMedical management of acute radiation syndromeRadiation mitigation of the intestinal acute radiation injury in mice by 1-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-phenylpiperazineLiterature Review and Global Consensus on Management of Acute Radiation Syndrome Affecting Nonhematopoietic Organ SystemsThe mast cell and allergic diseases: role in pathogenesis and implications for therapyEffects of Gamma Radiation on FcεRI and TLR-Mediated Mast Cell ActivationBone MarrowA model for hematopoietic death in man from irradiation of bone marrow during radioimmunotherapyTotal Body Irradiation and LD 50 in ManDose-effect relationships for early response to total body irradiationLymphopenia in histiocytic medullary reticulosisThe radiological effects of nuclear warThe use of Ionising Radiation for the Treatment of Injuries to Flexor Tendons and supporting Ligaments in HorsesPathologic Criteria of Radiation InjuryHuman Radiation ToleranceThe levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase in human tissues as determined immunochemicallyReflections on Some Recent Progress in Human RadiobiologyBIBLIOGRAPHYThe Effect of Co60 Irradiation on Bones and Joints in the DogAcute Radiation EffectsAtomic AccidentsCobalt, Copper and Iron in Anemia Associated with Radiotherapy of Tumors: Preliminary communicationGeneral Biology: The Adult OrganismRadiation injuries, with notes on Hiroshima and NagasakiDie Pathologie des Stoffwechsels der SchwermetalleVerschiedene ArzneimittelVerschiedene ArzneimittelStrahlenschädigungenStrahlenschädigungenEffects of Radiations on Biological SystemsRectal complications following treatment of genitourinary cancer 1 February 1950Volume 32, Issue 2Page: 207-216KeywordsIonizing radiationSigns and symptoms ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1950 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright, 1950, by The American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...