tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leptin and altered pulmonary function in Thai children and adolescents
Authors: Wilaiwan Khrisanapant, Upa Kukongviriyapan, Orapin Pasurivong, Phouvang Sengmeuang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: FEV1 has been found to be inversely related to circulating leptin suggesting that reduced lung function could be related to high leptin levels.  Aims: To determine the association between pulmonary function with leptin in Thai children and adolescents between 12 to 18 years of age.  Methods: Pulmonary function, expressed as % predicted except FEV1%, and leptin were measured in 39 children and adolescents and divided into 3 FEV1 groups; normal (A), obese normal (B) FEV1 80% and restrictive (C) FEV1  Results: BMI were 20.2±1.6 kg/m2 in A (n=19), 32.2±4.4 kg/m2 in B (n=14) and 36.8±5.9 kg/m2 in C (n=6). Group B had comparable FEV1, FVC, MVV and FEV1% to A, whereas C had reduced FEV1 (73.8%), FVC (77.5%) and MVV (73.7%) but normal FEV1% (95.5%). All values except FEV1% were lower than B (FEV1 94.7%; FVC 97.5%; MVV 94.8%) and A (FEV1 89.6%, FVC 89.6%, MVV 89.7%). Group C had significantly higher leptin than A and B, respectively. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between FEV1 and MVV with leptin (FEV1, R2= 0.560; MVV, R2 =0.582).  Conclusions: The data suggest that high leptin levels could be responsible for a restrictive lung in obese Thai children and adolescents.
Co-morbidities are associated with prolonged hospital length of stay (LoS) in patients with COPD
Authors: Nivenka Jayasekera, Maria Feldmann, Angshu Bhowmik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Identification of factors leading to prolonged hospital stay may help to find patients who need targeted approaches to management. Appropriate resource allocation would help to reduce the time spent in hospital. Co-morbidities are common in COPD and may lead to prolonged admissions.  We performed a retrospective case note analysis of patients with COPD who had admissions lasting longer than average. Spearman9s correlation and Mann-Whitney test were used to identify relationships between co-morbidities and LoS.  Data were obtained for 204 patients (mean age 73.9, 135 males) who had 267 hospital admissions of duration greater than 9 days in a one-year period. The total number of bed-days was 6127. 38 patients (19%)had more than one admission, the number of admissions ranging from 2 to 7. These 38 patients occupied 2509 bed-days (41% of total).  LoS was found to be correlated with greater age (p = 0.005), admissions related to dementia (p=0.005) and the presence of respiratory infection diagnosed by the admitting team. Cardiac arrhythmias seem to be associated with prolonged LoS (p=0.01). As might be expected, patients who were admitted with exacerbations of COPD alone (i.e. no other reason for admission identified) had shorter LoS compared with those who had other identified reasons for admission (p=0.028). No definite correlations were found with heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, psychiatric history or stroke. Other co-morbidities seen included pulmonary embolism and lung cancer, but the numbers were low and the results for these were therefore inconclusive.  We conclude that age, dementia and the presence of respiratory infection are factors associated with prolonged stay.
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Sensitization in the United States
Authors: Kamran Khan, Jun Wang, Theodore K. Marras
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

The prevalence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections in the United States appears to be rising, but it is unclear if this is due to enhanced detection or actual increases in the burden of infection. Temporal changes in the epidemiology of Mycobacterium intracellulare sensitization may help explain recently observed trends in pulmonary NTM infections.Describe the epidemiology of M. intracellulare sensitization in the United States in 1971-1972 and 1999-2000.We studied nationally representative cohorts of the United States' noninstitutionalized civilian population participating in the 1971-1972 and 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Participants were skin tested with M. intracellulare antigen and sensitization prevalence was compared across NHANES surveys and between participant subgroups. Logistic regression was used to identify associations between participant characteristics, environmental factors, and NTM sensitization.The 1971-1972 and 1999-2000 NHANES cohorts included 1,490 and 7,384 individuals, respectively. Between 1971-1972 and 1999-2000, the prevalence of M. intracellulare sensitization increased from 11.2% (95% confidence interval, 9.2-13.5%) to 16.6% (95% confidence interval, 13.2-20.6%). On multivariate analysis of the 1999-2000 cohort, age, sex, race, birthplace, education, and occupation were strongly associated with M. intracellulare sensitization.In 1999-2000, an estimated one in six persons in the United States demonstrated M. intracellulare sensitization, up from one in nine persons in 1971-1972. The observed rising prevalence of sensitization is consistent with observed increases in the rates of pulmonary NTM infections in the United States.
Whole-genome fingerprint of the DNA methylome during human B cell differentiation
Authors: Marta Kulis, Angelika Merkel, Simon Heath, Ana C Queirós, Ronald P Schuyler, Giancarlo Castellano, Renée Beekman, Emanuele Raineri, Anna Esteve, Guillem Clot, Néria Verdaguer-Dot, Martí Duran-Ferrer, Nuria Russiñol, Roser Vilarrasa-Blasi, Simone Ecker, Vera Pancaldi, Daniel Rico, Lidia Agueda, Julie Blanc, David Richardson, Laura Clarke, Avik Datta, Marien Pascual, Xabier Agirre, Felipe Prosper, Diego Alignani, Bruno Paiva, Gersende Caron, Thierry Fest, Marcus O Muench, Marina E Fomin, Seung-Tae Lee, Joseph L Wiemels, Alfonso Valencia, Marta Gut, Paul Flicek, Hendrik G Stunnenberg, Reiner Siebert, Ralf Küppers, Ivo G Gut, Elías Campo, José I Martín-Subero
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Risk of breast cancer recurrence in women initiating tamoxifen with CYP2D6 inhibitors
Authors: R. E. Aubert, E. J. Stanek, J. Yao, J. R. Teagarden, M. Subar, R. S. Epstein, T. C. Skaar, Z. Desta, D. A. Flockhart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

CRA508 The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. [Table: see text]
Safer non-cardiac surgery for patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: M S Avidan, B J Hunt, J. Soar, S. J Howell, J. Sonksen, R. Gray, P. Hutton
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Low dose aspirin for preventing and treating pre-eclampsia Author of editorial did not criticise studies' methodologyEditor-In her editorial discussing the value or otherwise of aspirin for preventing and treating pre-eclampsia Duley wonders why the small trials have such different results from the large trials. 1 We suggest the following answer.Evidence based medicine means integrating individual skill with the best available evidence from systematic research.Duley's conclusions, based on several multicentre studies, seem to rely on the conclusions of these studies without her making criticisms of the methodology used.Firstly, the timing of the start of treatment with low dose aspirin is important.The studies consistently fail to show the percentage of women who were < 16 weeks pregnant, the crucial time when maximum trophoblastic invasion is taking place (table ).This issue was raised by de Swiet in Bower's news article 2 and by Beaufilis et al. 3 Secondly, the dose of aspirin used in the later large trials is low.A meta-analysis by Leitich et al (not quoted in the editorial) shows that aspirin was more effective at higher doses (100-150 mg/day) than at lower doses (50-80 mg/day). 4It seems that these large studies have looked at the wrong dose of aspirin used at the wrong time of pregnancy.The editorial's conclusions are based on trials with flawed methodology.The question of whether aspirin given in early pregnancy in an appropriate dose is effective in preventing pre-eclampsia remains unanswered.
Population-Based Molecular Detection of Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Reijo Salovaara, Anu Loukola, Paula Kristo, Helena Kääriäinen, Heikki Ahtola, Matti Eskelinen, Niilo Härkönen, Risto Julkunen, Eero Kangas, Seppo Ojala, Jukka Tulikoura, Erkki Valkamo, Heikki Järvinen, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Lauri A. Aaltonen, Albert de la Chapelle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Cancer morbidity and mortality can be dramatically reduced by colonoscopic screening of individuals with the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome, creating a need to identify HNPCC. We studied how HNPCC identification should be carried out on a large scale in a sensitive and efficient manner. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Colorectal cancer specimens from consecutive newly diagnosed patients were studied for microsatellite instability (MSI). Germline mutations in the MLH1 and MSH2 genes were searched for in MSI(+) individuals. RESULTS: Among 535 colorectal cancer patients, 66 (12%) were MSI(+). Among these, 18 (3.4% of the total) had disease-causing germline mutations in MLH1 or MSH2. Among these 18 patients, five were less than 50 years old, seven had a previous or synchronous colorectal or endometrial cancer, and 15 had at least one first-degree relative with colorectal or endometrial cancer. Notably, 17 (94%) of 18 patients had at least one of these three features, which were present in 22% of all 535 patients. Combining these data with a previous study of 509 patients, mutation-positive HNPCC accounts for 28 (2.7%) of 1,044 cases of colorectal cancer, predicting a greater than one in 740 incidence of mutation-positive individuals in this population. CONCLUSION: Large-scale molecular screening for HNPCC can be done by the described two-stage procedure of MSI determination followed by mutation analysis. Efficiency can be greatly improved by using three high-risk features to select 22% of all patients for MSI analysis, whereby only 6% need to have mutation analysis. Sensitivity is only slightly impaired by this procedure.
Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa: diagnostic features, mutational profile, incidence and population carrier frequency in the Netherlands
Authors: W.Y. Yuen, H.H. Lemmink, K.K. van Dijk-Bos, R.J. Sinke, M.F. Jonkman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, type Herlitz (JEB-H) is a lethal, autosomal recessive blistering disease caused by null mutations in the genes coding for the lamina lucida/densa adhesion protein laminin-332 (LAMB3, LAMA3 and LAMC2).To present the diagnostic features and molecular analyses of all 22 patients with JEB-H in the Dutch Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry between 1988 and 2011, and to calculate the disease incidence and carrier frequency in the Netherlands.All patients were analysed with immunofluorescence antigen mapping (IF), electron microscopy (EM) and molecular analysis.The mean lifespan of our patients with JEB-H was 5·8 months (range 0·5-32·6). IF showed absent (91%) or strongly reduced (9%) staining for laminin-332 with monoclonal antibody GB3. In EM the hemidesmosomes and sub-basal dense plates were hypoplastic or absent. We identified mutations in all 22 patients: in 19 we found LAMB3 mutations, in two LAMA3 mutations, and in one LAMC2 mutations. We found three novel splice site mutations in LAMB3: (i) c.29-2A>G resulting in an out-of-frame skip of exon 3 and a premature termination codon (PTC); (ii) c.1289-2_1296del10 leading to an out-of-frame skip of exon 12 and a PTC; and (iii) c.3228+1G>T leading to an exon 21 skip.All diagnostic tools should be evaluated to clarify the diagnosis of JEB-H. We have identified 11 different mutations in 22 patients with JEB-H, three of them novel. In the Netherlands the incidence rate of JEB-H is 4·0 per one million live births. The carrier frequency of a JEB-H mutation in the Dutch population is 1 in 249.
Blood Clearance of the BAI Strain A Virus of Avian Myeloblastosis in Newly Hatched Chicks&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Michel N. Haddad, Lola V. Williams, Louis Homer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

The blood clearance of the BAI strain A virus of avian myeloblastosis (AMY) was studied after intravenous inoculation of newly hatched White Leghorn chicks. The method used to estimate viral concentration is based on the presence of adenosinetriphosphatasein the outer coat of the virus and consists of the microdetermination of adenosinetriphosphatase activity under standardized conditions. The results show that 2 minutes after inoculation the viral concentration in the plasma of the inoculated bird is a simple dilution of the number of virus particles in the inoculum. The distribution of the virus corresponds at that time to that of Evans' blue dye found by other authors. Blood clearance was studied in individual chicks bled repeatedly or in groups of chicks, each bled only once at a preset time. In both, the AMV was cleared from the blood at an exponential rate without evidence of flattening out of the curve for at least 6 hours after inoculation. Studies of various modifications of the clearance model showed: 1) A second injection of infective plasma 2 hours after the first did not modify the rate of clearance; 2) virus particles inoculated in heparinized plasma had a slower clearance than did “washed” duvirus particles suspended in balanced salt solution; and 3) thromboplastin injected intravenously 2 minutes before the virus increased the clearance of “washed” virus particles. The possible effects of antibodies passively transferred through the yolk on the rate of clearance and the possible role of heparin and other polyelectrolytes on viral surface and phagocytosis are discussed.
Salvage chemotherapy in anthracycline-pretreated metastatic breast cancer patients with docetaxel and gemcitabine: A multicenter phase II trial
Authors: D. Mavroudis, N. Malamos, A. Alexopoulos, Ch. Kourousis, S. Agelaki, E. Sarra, A. Potamianou, Ch. Kosmas, G. Rigatos, Th. Giannakakis, K. Kalbakis, F. Apostolaki, J. Vlachonicolis, S. Kakolyris, G. Samonis, V. Georgoulias
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1999)
Abstract 5770: Abnormal Aortic Root Elastic Properties in Family Members of Bicuspid Aortic Valve Subjects, despite Normal Aortic Valve Morphology.
Authors: Asim Rafique, Simon Biner, Indraneil Ray, Olivera Cuk, Robert Siegel, Kirsten Tolstrup
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Abnormal aorta dilatation and elastic properties have been documented in subjects with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). 10% of first degree relatives (FDRs) of probands with BAV inherit this valvular abnormality. There is no data regarding the elastic properties of aortic root in family members of BAV subjects. We evaluated the elastic properties in FDRs with normal tricuspid aortic valves. Methods: Systolic and diastolic aortic root dimensions were measured by 2D echocardiography in BAV probands (n=48) their FDRs (n = 49) and controls without structural heart disease matched by age and gender (n=44) at sinuses of Valsalva level. In addition, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured to calculate aortic distensibility, stiffness index and strain. Results: Five subjects (10%) in FDR group were found to have BAV, thus they were included in BAV group. There was no difference in age, gender, SBP and DBP in the three groups. History of hypertension was less prevalent in FDRs when compared to BAV and controls (16% vs 43% and 33%, p=0.03). All three parameters of aortic elastic properties including distensibility ×10 −3 mmHg (1.2±1.0 and 1.5±1.1 vs 2.3±1.5, p&lt;0.001), stiffness index (56.5±76.4 and 29.1±32.5 vs 12.6±9.2, p&lt;0.001) and strain (2.9±2.4and 3.6±2.5 vs 6.0±3.6, p&lt;0.001) were significantly worse in BAV and FDRs compared to controls (Figure ). Conclusions: Aortic root elastic properties are abnormal in the family members of subjects with BAV despite normal tricuspid aortic valve morphology. This finding supports the hypothesis that there is a common genetic basis for BAV and abnormal elastic properties of aorta.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON BLOOD GROUPS
Authors: Aaron Bendich, Elvin A. Kabat, Ada E. Bezer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

1. Studies on a number of individual hog stomachs have shown that substances with blood group A activity cannot be obtained from all hogs. Of ten stomachs studied, only seven yielded products with blood group A activity. All ten purified preparations, however, showed identical properties with respect to nitrogen, reducing sugar, glucosamine, acetyl, and relative viscosity. Six of the seven active samples were of equal potency in precipitating anti-A; the seventh was slightly less active. 2. Preparations from random pools of hog stomachs, although possessing the same analytical properties, were of lower activity than those from individual active stomachs as determined by the microquantitative precipitin method. 3. An immunochemical method for estimating the absolute purity of the blood group A substance by determining the proportion of its glucosamine precipitated by excess anti-A was developed. Values of about 84 per cent for the purity of six of the seven purified active preparations from the individual hog stomachs were obtained. 4. The inactive products, unlike the active ones, did not stimulate the production of anti-A on injection into human beings and did not precipitate anti-A or inhibit hemagglutination of A erythrocytes by anti-A.
BAFF levels are increased in lesional skin and sera in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: H. Ohmatsu, M. Sugaya, T. Miyagaki, H. Suga, H. Fujita, Y. Asano, Y. Tada, T. Kadono, S. Sato
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Background B‐cell‐activating factor belonging to the tumour necrosis factor family (BAFF) is known for its role in the survival and maturation of B cells. It has been recently suggested that BAFF also plays important roles in T‐cell activation in T‐cell mediated diseases such as psoriasis. Objectives To investigate the role of BAFF in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). Methods BAFF messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in skin samples (24 CTCL cases and seven healthy controls) and in skin‐derived fibroblasts (five CTCL cases and five healthy controls) was examined by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. We also performed immunohistochemical staining for BAFF and its receptors. Serum BAFF levels were measured in patients with CTCL (n =46), atopic dermatitis (n =36) or psoriasis (n =27) and 27 healthy controls by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results Lesional skin of CTCL contained higher levels of BAFF mRNA than normal skin and the expression levels correlated with disease activity. BAFF mRNA expression levels were elevated in fibroblasts from CTCL skin. Tumour cells in the lesional skin of CTCL expressed BAFF and its receptors, while fibroblasts expressed only BAFF. Serum BAFF levels of CTCL patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls and correlated with types of skin lesions and clinical stages. They also significantly correlated with serum soluble interleukin‐2 receptor and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Conclusions BAFF expression in CTCL skin and serum BAFF levels are significantly increased and correlate with the severity of CTCL. These results suggest that BAFF may have important roles in the development of CTCL.
Clinical Link Between <i>p53</i> <b>and Angiogenesis in Lung Cancer</b>
Authors: Sarah J. Freemantle, Ethan Dmitrovsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.4.883 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11844804 Clinical Link Between p53 and Angiogenesis in Lung Cancer Sarah J. FreemantlexSarah J. FreemantleSearch for articles by this author , Ethan DmitrovskyxEthan DmitrovskySearch for articles by this author Show More Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.4.883 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Clinical Link Between p53 and Angiogenesis in Lung Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20(4), pp. 883–884© 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Environmental influences on the incidence and etiology of asthma in Galati, Romania
Authors: Augustin Ierima, Alexandru Ierima
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background  :  The increasing number of asthmatic children in Galati, one of the largest cities of Romania, very industrialized, requires a careful approach on the incidence and etiology of asthma based on heredity, pollution and income levels.   Materials and methods.  The study group consisted of 614 children in Galati and some adjacent areas, diagnosed in 2008-2010 with asthma.   Results.  It showed that 71.15% of subjects in Galati city are living in the half of the city located in the vicinity of the industrial area.  Children from rural areas who had a history of repeated acute infections of the upper respiratory tract or symptoms such as cough or shortness of breath or wheezing present a risk of developing asthma, more than 8 times higher for allergy to Aspergillus (p=0.002), 3 times for mold allergy and feathers (p=0.0007) and 2.53 times higher for those allergic to tree pollen (p=0.0004). Under the same conditions, children in urban areas, have an increased risk of acquiring asthma 2 times higher with the combination of positive reactions to molds and mites and 3 times higher for the triple combination of allergy to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and storage mites. Additionally, in patients living near industrial area, the risk of exacerbations of asthma due to mite allergy is 1.32 times higher.   Conclusions.  Although no statistically significant differences were highlighted in the incidence of positive reactions for most allergens tested, between subjects in Galati and those of other neighboring rural or urban, there was an increased incidence of asthma and allergy to dust mites and molds in patients living in areas near industrial areas.
Heterogeneity in the Radiation Survival Curves and Biochemical Properties of Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: G Morstyn, A Russo, D N Carney, E Karawya, S H Wilson, J B Mitchell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Human lung cancers of distinct histology exhibit different responses to radiation therapy in vivo. For examination of the basis of this phenomenon, the radiation survival curves and levels of relevant enzymes were determined in 16 lung cancer cell lines derived from tumors of different histology. These included lines from 5 adenocarcinomas, 7 small cell tumors, 3 variant small cell tumors, and 1 large cell tumor. These findings were compared to those obtained with the use of a normal skin fibroblast cell line. Whether cloned in liquid culture or soft agarose, cell lines had similar radiation survival curves. These curves were consistent with the apparent in vivo radiation responsiveness of the tumors. Although considerable heterogeneity in radiation survival curves was observed among the cell lines, cells from large cell lines and small variant lines had pronounced shoulders and extrapolation numbers (n) from 5.6 to 14. In contrast, cells from small cell lines and adenocarcinoma cell lines were more "sensitive" (-n values of 1-3.3). In these cell lines, levels of DNA polymerase beta, glutathione (GSH), GSH transferase, GSH reductase (NAD(P)H), gamma-glutamyltransferase did not correlate with radiation parameters of sensitivity. DNA polymerase beta and GSH levels were, however, higher than those in a line of normal skin fibroblasts. These cell lines may be useful in identifying the basis of the variable responsiveness of human lung cancer cells to ionizing radiation.