tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A1-adenosine receptor-mediated inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated protein phosphorylation in ventricular myocytes. Evidence against a cAMP-dependent effect.
Authors: R C Gupta, J Neumann, P Durant, A M Watanabe
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

cAMP content and protein phosphorylation were determined in unlabeled and 32P-labeled guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Isoproterenol (10 nM, 37 degrees C, 10 seconds) increased cAMP content (236%) and phospholamban (265%) and troponin I (135%) phosphorylation in ventricular myocytes. When isoproterenol (0-300 nM) and the A1-adenosine receptor agonist (-)-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA, 1 microM) or the A1- and A2-adenosine receptor agonist 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)-adenosine (NECA, 1 microM) were administered simultaneously, both adenosine receptor agonists attenuated phospholamban phosphorylation to approximately the same extent (40%). The EC50 value for isoproterenol to phosphorylate phospholamban was 8 +/- 1 nM (n = 3), which increased to 31 +/- 4 nM (n = 3) in the presence of PIA or NECA. IC50 values for PIA or NECA to decrease the phosphorylation of phospholamban were 30 or 32 nM in 10 nM isoproterenol-stimulated cells and 80 or 85 nM in 30 nM isoproterenol-stimulated cells. Both adenosine receptor agonists failed to inhibit the phosphorylation of troponin I. However, acetylcholine (2 microM) in the presence of 10 nM isoproterenol inhibited phosphorylation of phospholamban as well as troponin I in ventricular cells. These effects were antagonized by 10 microM atropine. The effects of PIA and NECA on phosphorylation were antagonized by the A1-selective adenosine receptor antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (1 microM) but not by the A2-selective adenosine receptor antagonist 9-chloro-2-(2-furanyl)-5,6-dihydro-1,2,4,triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin -5-imine (1 microM). PIA and NECA did not reduce cAMP levels in isoproterenol-stimulated cells. We conclude that phospholamban phosphorylation was inhibited by A1-adenosine receptor activation and that these effects on phospholamban phosphorylation cannot be explained by a reduction in cAMP levels.
Elastic Properties of the Respiratory System in Infants with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Robert S. Tepper, Andrea Weist, Tamica Williams-Nkomo, Jeffrey Kisling
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Respiratory system compliance (Crs) in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been reported as decreased or not different compared with healthy control subjects; however, the reported measurements of Crs were "quasi-static" or by the single-breath occlusion technique, with all measurements limited to tidal lung volume, as well as using inspiratory rather than expiratory pressures. We compared the passive elastic properties of the respiratory system of sleeping infants with CF (n = 10) and healthy control subjects (n = 34) by measuring static deflation pressure--volume (PV) curves from a lung volume at 30 cm H(2)O (V(30)) to FRC. There was no significant difference between the groups for Crs, which was measured as the slope between airway relaxation pressures of 5 and 15 cm H(2)O, the linear portion of the deflation PV curve. In addition, when PV curves were normalized to V(30), there were no differences between the infants with CF and healthy control subjects in the fractional volumes at any airway pressure. The infants with CF had significantly lower forced expiratory flows; however, lower flows did not correlate with fractional volumes measured from the PV curve. Our findings indicate that infants with CF have normal elastic properties of the respiratory system.
Mechanistic approaches and the development of alternative toxicity test methods.
Authors: M Balls
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

A mechanism can be defined as an explanation of an observed phenomenon that explains the processes underlying the phenomenon in terms of events at lower levels of organization. A prerequisite for new, more mechanistic, approaches, which would use in vitro systems rather than conventional animal analogy models, is a strengthening of the underlying scientific basis of toxicity testing. This will require greater recognition of the differences between fidelity and discrimination models and between analogy and correlation models. The development of high-fidelity, high-discrimination tests with a sound mechanistic basis will also require greater appreciation of the interdependence of all the components of test systems and the development of new alternative (i.e., nonanimal) testing strategies that can provide the specific knowledge needed for making relevant and reliable predictions about the potential effects of chemicals and products in human beings. The optimal use of this new knowledge will require fundamental changes to current practices in risk assessment.
Asthma outcomes: Exacerbations
Authors: Anne Fuhlbrigge, David Peden, Andrea J. Apter, Homer A. Boushey, Carlos A. Camargo, James Gern, Peter W. Heymann, Fernando D. Martinez, David Mauger, William G. Teague, Carol Blaisdell
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Acute Rheumatic Fever in Young Men: A Clinical and Epidemiological Study
Authors: J. D. H. Slater, S. Rosenbaum
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1959)

MaterialInformation was obtained from or about 379 soldiers who had suffered from an attack of acute rheumatic fever while in the army.90 per cent. of the patients were 17 to 21 years of age (mean 18 * 8 yrs) and all except three were under 30 years old.51 unselected, consecutive cases were treated by one of us between 1954-56 from the day of admission to the Cambridge Military Hospital, Aldershot, to the time of their final discharge from hospital between 3 and 5 months later.Clinical data concerning a further 67 patients was obtained from consecutive case records of patients suffering from acute rheumatic fever at the Cambridge Military Hospital in 1953.These records were full and carefully kept.The clinical features of these patients (including the frequency and pattern of cardiac lesions) were similar to those present in the patients seen personally, and their treatment had been substantially the same.Therefore, both groups of patients will be considered together.The data concerning the pattern and frequency of heart lesions is derived from the 51 cases seen personally, plus the first thirty consecutive case records analysed.Information about the remaining 261 patients was obtained by examining the official medical documents at the War Office (AMD Statistics) of all men who had been notified as suffering from acute rheumatic fever in 1952, and all those reported as suffering from acute rheumatic fever with heart involvement in 1953.The relevant information was available as an official copy of the in-patient case record, the report of the Medical Board proceedings on the patient's discharge from the Army, and a copy of the original medical data made out when the man had first joined the Army.A total of 1,179 soldiers aged 17 to 22 were questioned personally to assess the frequency of a past attack of acute rheumatic fever in the general military population from which our patients were derived.The criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever was based on those of Duckett Jones (1944) and were similar to the criteria used in the Anglo-American therapeutic trial (1955).Rheumatic manifestations were divided into five major and five minor criteria.For a diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever, two major, or one 285 copyright.
Myeloid mineralocorticoid receptor controls macrophage polarization and cardiovascular hypertrophy and remodeling in mice
Authors: Michael G. Usher, Sheng Zhong Duan, Christine Y. Ivaschenko, Ryan A. Frieler, Stefan Berger, Günther Schütz, Carey N. Lumeng, Richard M. Mortensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Inappropriate excess of the steroid hormone aldosterone, which is a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) agonist, is associated with increased inflammation and risk of cardiovascular disease. MR antagonists are cardioprotective and antiinflammatory in vivo, and evidence suggests that they mediate these effects in part by aldosterone-independent mechanisms. Here we have shown that MR on myeloid cells is necessary for efficient classical macrophage activation by proinflammatory cytokines. Macrophages from mice lacking MR in myeloid cells (referred to herein as MyMRKO mice) exhibited a transcription profile of alternative activation. In vitro, MR deficiency synergized with inducers of alternatively activated macrophages (for example, IL-4 and agonists of PPARgamma and the glucocorticoid receptor) to enhance alternative activation. In vivo, MR deficiency in macrophages mimicked the effects of MR antagonists and protected against cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and vascular damage caused by L-NAME/Ang II. Increased blood pressure and heart rates and decreased circadian variation were observed during treatment of MyMRKO mice with L-NAME/Ang II. We conclude that myeloid MR is an important control point in macrophage polarization and that the function of MR on myeloid cells likely represents a conserved ancestral MR function that is integrated in a transcriptional network with PPARgamma and glucocorticoid receptor. Furthermore, myeloid MR is critical for blood pressure control and for hypertrophic and fibrotic responses in the mouse heart and aorta.
From small-bowel bleeding to anemia: a wider range of indications for the capsule endoscope?
Authors: S. Gurudu, D. Fleischer
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Capsule endoscopy has changed our approach to the management of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Prior to the introduction of capsule endoscopy, the small bowel was traditionally examined by means of small-bowel contrast barium studies, push-enteroscopy, and/or intraoperative enteroscopy, depending on the clinical situation. Each of these investigative modalities has significant limitations, however [1] [2] [3] [4]. Newer radiological methods such as computed tomographic enterography, magnetic resonance enterography, and endoscopic methods, including capsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy [5], have further enhanced our ability to detect and manage small-bowel lesions.
Increased release of von Willebrand factor antigen from endothelial cells by anti-DNA autoantibodies.
Authors: K N Lai, J C Leung, K B Lai, F M Lai, K C Wong
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

<h3>Background</h3> Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder frequently associated with a wide variety of non-motor symptoms related to non-dopaminergic pathways. Although the depletion of dopamine is the key neurochemical impairment in PD and anticholinergic medications are used for symptomatic treatment, significant deficits in cholinergic transmission are also present and have been associated with cognitive decline and gait dysfunction. Therefore, use of a cholinesterase inhibitor (ChI) might improve cognitive function and reduce the risk of falls in patients with PD, although it could plausibly worsen motor features. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of prospective, randomised controlled trials, in order to assess the efficacy and safety of ChIs compared with placebo in patients with PD. <h3>Methods and results</h3> MEDLINE, Web of Science, CENTRAL and Scopus databases were searched to identify studies published before 5 May 2014 and including patients with PD treated with ChIs. From 945 references identified and screened, 19 were assessed for eligibility and 4 trials were included for a total of 941 patients with PD. ChIs significantly slowed Mini-Mental State Examination decline without effect on risk of falls. Tremor rates and adverse drug reactions favoured the placebo group. Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, global assessment and behavioural disturbance improved in the ChI group without effect on disability. There was no significant difference between the groups for Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale III. A significantly reduced death rate was observed in the treated cohort as compared with placebo. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ChIs are effective in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with PD, but do not affect risk of falls. The choice of treatment has to be balanced considering the increased tremor and adverse drug reactions.
Preload-induced curvilinearity of left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relations. Effects on derived indexes in closed-chest dogs.
Authors: J B Su, B Crozatier
Journal: Circulation (1989)

End-systolic pressure-volume relations (ESPVRs) were analyzed in 10 closed-chest autonomically blocked dogs before and after volume loading that restored end-diastolic volume to its value measured in the control conscious state. Dogs had been previously instrumented with a left ventricular pressure micromanometer and ultrasonic crystals for measurements of major, anteroposterior, and septum-free wall diameters. Left ventricular volume was calculated with an ellipsoidal model in the left ventricular cavity. ESPVRs obtained during caval occlusion after volume loading were curvilinear as shown by the division of the relation into two parts. The initial part of the relation had a significantly smaller ESPVR slope (Ees, 12.0 +/- 1.8 mm Hg/ml) and ESPVR volume-axis intercept (Vd, - 3.5 +/- 0.8 ml) than the final part of the relation (19.5 +/- 3.1 mm Hg/ml and 0.0 +/- 0.6 ml, respectively, p less than 0.01). The end-diastolic volume-peak dP/dt relation showed a similar curvilinearity when end-diastolic volumes were larger than 1.5-1.7 times the minimal end-diastolic volume reached during caval occlusion. ESPVRs were not different during aortic constriction and caval occlusion when end-diastolic volume was small. In contrast, with large end-diastolic volumes, Ees and Vd were significantly smaller during caval occlusion than during aortic constriction. The final part of ESPVR (with small end-diastolic volume) had the same slope and intercept as that during aortic constriction. We conclude that preload produces a curvilinearity of ESPVR that significantly modifies derived indexes when the range of preload changes is large.
Clinical Practice Guidelines and Scientific Evidence
Authors: Susan L. Norris
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Reliability and Repeatability of the Blood Glucose Response to Prolonged Exercise in Adolescent Boys with IDDM
Authors: Marilyn Y McNiven Temple, Oded Bar-Or, Michael C Riddell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To determine the intrasubject reliability and repeatability of the blood glucose response to prolonged exercise in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) when pre-exercise meal, exercise, and insulin regimens are kept constant. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nine IDDM adolescent boys with diabetes duration of 9.7 ± 4.8 years participated in two testing sessions 5–17 days apart. Carbohydrate intake, subcutaneous insulin injections, exercise bouts, and their timing were identical in both sessions. Exercise started 1 h after breakfast and consisted of six 10-min cycling bouts at moderate intensity (heart rate 145–150 beats/min), separated by 5-min rest periods. During rest periods, blood samples for glucose were taken and a supplemental carbohydrate beverage was consumed. Subjects were asked periodically to guess their own blood glucose levels. RESULTS Intersession plasma glucose levels for each time period from the start of exercise to the end of the final recovery period were unchanged between sessions (P &amp;gt; 0.05) and highly correlated (r = 0.88 to r = 0.96, P &amp;lt; 0.01). The intraclass correlation for plasma glucose was 0.95. Decreases in plasma glucose from the start of exercise to the end of exercise were, at most, 5 mmol/l, and intersession decreases did not differ significantly (P &amp;gt; 0.05). One subject experienced hypoglycemia. The decrease in plasma glucose did not differ significantly between fair and poor glycemie control (glycosylated hemoglobin ≤10% and &amp;gt;10%, respectively). Subjects markedly underestimated their blood glucose levels when they were high, but their guesses were closer to the measured values at lower levels. CONCLUSIONS Intersession observations demonstrated that the intrasubject blood glucose responses to prolonged moderate-intensity exercise were reliable and repeatable when pre-exercise meal, exercise, and insulin regimens were kept constant. This is an important finding for implementing and evaluating educational strategies for improving the metabolic control associated with prolonged exercise, as well as for future research on means for preventing exercise-induced hypoglycemia.
PEGylated gene nanocarriers based on block catiomers bearing ethylenediamine repeating units directed to remarkable enhancement of photochemical transfection
Authors: None Arnida, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Naoki Kanayama, Woo-Dong Jang, Yuichi Yamasaki, Kazunori Kataoka
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
The transition of pemphigus vulgaris into pemphigus foliaceus: a reflection of changing desmoglein 1 and 3 autoantibody levels in pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: K.E. Harman, M.J. Gratian, P.J. Shirlaw, B.S. Bhogal, S.J. Challacombe, M.M. Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article The transition of pemphigus vulgaris into pemphigus foliaceus: a reflection of changing desmoglein 1 and 3 autoantibody levels in pemphigus vulgaris Get access K.E. Harman, K.E. Harman St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, U.K Dr K.E.Harman. E‐mail: karen.harman@kcl.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J. Gratian, M.J. Gratian St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.J. Shirlaw, P.J. Shirlaw Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Guy's Hospital, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine and Dentistry, King's College, London, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.S. Bhogal, B.S. Bhogal St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.J. Challacombe, S.J. Challacombe Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Guy's Hospital, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine and Dentistry, King's College, London, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. Black M.M. Black St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 4, 1 April 2002, Pages 684–687, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04608.x Published: 01 April 2002 Article history Accepted: 01 October 2001 Published: 01 April 2002
Infertility may lead couples to adopt children
Authors: K. M Barclay, P. M Barclay
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Evidence on the rate at which the double burden of malnutrition unfolds is limited. We quantified trends and inequalities in the nutritional status of adolescent girls and adult women in sub-Saharan Africa. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed 102 Demographic and Health Surveys between 1993 and 2017 from 35 countries. We assessed regional trends through cross-sectional series analyses and ran multilevel linear regression models to estimate the average annual rate of change (AARC) in the prevalence of underweight, anaemia, anaemia during pregnancy, overweight and obesity among women by their age, residence, wealth and education levels. We quantified current absolute inequalities in these indicators and wealth-inequality trends. <h3>Results</h3> There was a modest decline in underweight prevalence (AARC=−0.14 percentage points (pp), 95% CI −0.17 to -0.11). Anaemia declined fastest among adult women and the richest pregnant women with an AARC of −0.67 pp (95% CI −1.06 to -0.28) and −0.97 pp (95% CI −1.60 to -0.34), respectively, although it affects all women with no marked disparities. Overweight is increasing rapidly among adult women and women with no education. Capital city residents had a threefold more rapid rise in obesity (AARC=0.47 pp, 95% CI 0.39, 0.55), compared with their rural counterparts. Absolute inequalities suggest that Ethiopia and South Africa have the largest gap in underweight (15.4 pp) and obesity (28.5 pp) respectively, between adult and adolescent women. Regional wealth inequalities in obesity are widening by 0.34 pp annually. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Underweight persists, while overweight and obesity are rising among adult women, the rich and capital city residents. Adolescent girls do not present adverse nutritional outcomes except anaemia, remaining high among all women. Multifaceted responses with an equity lens are needed to ensure no woman is left behind.
RAPID EFFECT ON ENDEMIC MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA OF NATIONWIDE VACCINATION PROGRAMME IN FINLAND
Authors: Heikki Peltola, Tapio Kurki, Martti Virtanen, Mikko Nissinen, Viena Karanko, Veijo Hukkanen, Kari Penttinen, OlliP. Heinonen
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Developing of the future: Scaffolded Darwinism in societal evolution
Authors: Claes Andersson, Anton Törnberg, Petter Törnberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract We sympathize with the project of a synthetic approach for devising a “theory of intentional change” and agree that Darwinism should be central in such a theory. But Darwinism is not the only process of evolution that needs to be included. Evolutionary biology itself has taken such a turn recently, with the emergence of developmental evolutionary approaches.