tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1β gene polymorphisms associated with risk of lung cancer in Japanese
Authors: Masanori Asada, Hiroyasu Yasuda, Satoru Ebihara, Mutsuo Yamaya
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A116   There has been no evidence showing that IL-1β gene polymorphisms (-511 and -31) are associated with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Therefore, IL-1β gene polymorphisms were studied for their association with NSCLC and SCLC in Japanese. Our study involved 444 individuals of Japanese origin. The subjects were newly diagnosed lung cancer patients at Tohoku University Hospital and the Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute in Miyagi prefecture between 2001 and 2004. Both patients with lung cancer and controls were recruited because they met our enrollment criteria, as follows; (1) newly diagnosed as patients with lung cancer by pathohistological diagnosis between 2001 and 2004, (2) patients without IL-1 beta related disease including gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, collagen diseases, and gastroduodenal ulcer, (3) age more than 50, (4) Japanese, and (5) informed consent regarding attendance for this study could be obtained. A Ninety-five of 220 patients had adenocarcinomas, 92 patients had squamous cell carcinoma, and 33 patients had small cell carcinoma. The 224 controls were recruited from Miyagi health screening 2001-2002. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. IL-1β genotyping was carried out. The genotype distributions and frequencies of alleles were compared between lung cancer cases and control groups. The C allele at -511 SNP was of particularly higher risk for lung cancer with a relative risk of 1.9 (95% confidence interval = 1.3-2.7) . In this study, IL-1β -31 and -511 loci did not have complete linkage disequilibrium (D9=0.77, r2=0.58). There was no difference in the IL-1β -31 and genotyped frequency of IL-1β between lung cancer patients and controls.Next, the genotypes of IL-1β gene polymorphisms at loci -511 C-T were further analyzed in NSCLC cases, SCLC cases and healthy controls. The distribution of IL-1β -511 genotypes with SCLC or NSCLC cases was similar to lung cancer cases. The C allele at -511 SNP was also at particularly higher risk for cancer with a relative risk of 3.0 (95% CI = 1.1- 9.0) in SCLC cases and 1.9 (95% CI = 1.3 - 2.7) in NSCLC cases, but there were no differences in the homogeneous types of -31 SNP and the genotyped frequency of IL-1β between SCLC cases and controls. Herein, the IL-1β -511 C allele was demonstrated to be associated with onset risks in not only NSCLC but SCLC in Japanese, but the positive relationship between the IL-1β -31 SNP and NSCLC onset risk in this study is not consistent with previous reports from Central and Eastern Europe. The onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was reported to be associated with the IL-1β -511 C allele SNP in Japanese. Furthermore, an increased risk of lung cancer onset in Japanese patients with COPD was reported. This suggests that lung cancer risk may be increased in Japanese patients with chronic pulmonary inflammation regulated by IL-1β and may not be related with the IL-1β -31 T allele but with the IL-1
Practical nursing strategies in the management of pneumostoma patients
Authors: Lynda Holsworth, Trudi Miller, Bronwyn Levvey, Julian Gooi, Silvana Marasco, Dominic Keating, Trevor Williams, Glen Westall, Gregory Snell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  In severe emphysema hyperinflation results in reduced quality of life and reduced exercise capacity. Portaero Inc. has developed a technique to create a permanent 1cm passage from the parenchyma of the lung through the chest wall (pneumostoma) to enable trapped air to vent. A pilot study demonstrated that the creation of a pneumostoma was feasible, safe and potentially beneficial to patients with severe emphysema.   Objectives:  This report describes the nursing strategies developed in association with this novel device.   Methods:  Pneumostomas were created in a series of 8 patients. Tracts were created via a percutaneous incision and placement of an access tube which remained in place for 3-4 weeks. The pneumostomas were maintained by a disposable tube changed daily by the patient.   Results:  Early post operative complications included subcutaneous emphysema (8) and wound infection (1). Identified long term issues were problems with skin integrity (4), superficial granulation tissue (3), recurrent localised infection (2), bleeding and pain within the tract following activity (2). Inserting the daily tube was complicated by angulation and collapsability of the tract, resistance entering between the ribs and anxiety. These problems were addressed with careful attention to skin integrity, treatment of granulation tissue with topical steroids and medical management of pain and infection. A bronchoscope was used to visualise the tracts, assess patency and identify tract direction or narrowing.   Conclusion:  Continuous education and close support from nursing staff while the patients learned to deal with these issues enabled 6 of the patients to maintain a pneumostoma long term (between 6 and 18 months).
Development Assistance for Health
Authors: Andy Haines
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sputum processing methods in airway disease: Which is best?
Authors: Margaret Rainer, Faizah Haider, Philippa Marks, Ruth McCartney, Jan Rezulski, Steven Greenaway, Gordon MacGregor, Graham Clarke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Sputum analysis by standardized research detection methods allows the evaluation of components of airway inflammation.There is currently no standardised approach to optimising sputum biomarker readouts in airway disease.In this study we focused on the potent pro-inflmmatory mediator, IL-8 and its exprression following several processing methods in CF, COPD and healthy controls.

Methods: Eight patients with COPD,ten cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and eight healthy controls were enrolled in to this study. Sputum was induced according to Pin et al (2). CF patients produced a spontaneous sputum sample. Samples were sub-divided and processed according to the following methods; 1) dithiothreitol (DTT) 0.1%, 2) DTT 0.1% with protease inhibitor (PI ), 3) PBS wash, 4) DTT 0.1% with PBS hybrid, 5) PBS wash with PI and 6) DTT 0.1% with PBS hybrid with PI. IL-8 from subsequent supernatants was analysed using a validated commercially available IL-8 ELISA kit.

Results: A multiple comparisons test was used to determine the preferred processing protocol for each patient group.

IL-8 results can be seen in

![Figure][1] 



Conclusions :For all groups, DTT+PI demonstrated a strong trend for maximising IL-8 recovery, with significance found when DTT+PI was compared to PBS in CF patients (p<0.05). Further investigations are required to assess the impact on additional sputum indices in increased numbers and patient groups and highlights the importance of method selection.

 [1]: pending:yes
Abstract 5037: Targeting MICA with therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Mathieu Blery, Cécile Bonnafous, Valentine Peri, Sylvia Trichard, Ivan Perrot, Stéphanie Cornen, Ariane Thielens, Violette Breso, Yannis Morel, François Romagne, Benjamin Rossi, Carine Paturel, Laurent Gauthier
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract MICA and MICB, along with ULPBs, are ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D expressed on NK cells and subsets of T cells in Human. NKG2D ligands are induced by cellular stress and pathogen infections. Their expression is tightly regulated by complex mechanisms both at the mRNA and protein levels. In the case of MICA and MICB, more than 65 and 30 alleles respectively were described with different properties regarding to their cellular location adding to the complexity of this recognition system. Nevertheless, as markers of cellular stress, in particular in tumorigenesis, MICA and the closely related MICB proteins are candidates of choice to be targeted by a cytotoxic therapeutic antibody. We first evaluated MICA/B expression by immunohistochemistry on healthy tissues and tumors to validate these antigens as therapeutic targets. Then, using mouse immunization, we generated a panel of chimeric human IgG1 monoclonal antibodies targeting MICA and MICB. These mAbs have the ability to bind to several structurally different alleles and to cross-react on MIC proteins from cynomolgus macaques. Their capacity to block the MICA/NKG2D interaction was assessed by surface plasmon resonance as well as by using cell-based assays. In vitro efficacy was measured by the capacity to mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) towards MICA expressing cells. In vivo efficacy of the anti-MICA mAbs was measured in both a preventive and a curative setting using MICA expressing cell lines. Altogether, we have generated a panel of anti-MICA mAbs with diverse functional properties. Ongoing work aims to choose the best candidate for humanization and further clinical development. Citation Format: Mathieu Blery, Cécile Bonnafous, Valentine Peri, Sylvia Trichard, Ivan Perrot, Stéphanie Cornen, Ariane Thielens, Violette Breso, Yannis Morel, François Romagne, Benjamin Rossi, Carine Paturel, Laurent Gauthier. Targeting MICA with therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5037. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5037
Partitioning heritability by functional annotation using genome-wide association summary statistics
Authors: Hilary K Finucane, Brendan Bulik-Sullivan, Alexander Gusev, Gosia Trynka, Yakir Reshef, Po-Ru Loh, Verneri Anttila, Han Xu, Chongzhi Zang, Kyle Farh, Stephan Ripke, Felix R Day, Shaun Purcell, Eli Stahl, Sara Lindstrom, John R B Perry, Yukinori Okada, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Mark J Daly, Nick Patterson, Benjamin M Neale, Alkes L Price
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Elastase of U-937 Monocytelike Cells
Authors: Robert M. Senior, Edward J. Campbell, Jill A. Landis, Fraya R. Cox, Charles Kuhn, Hillel S. Koren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

As an approach to facilitating the understanding of proteinases associated with monocytes we have studied U-937 monocytelike cells. Elastase activity was identified in U-937 cell extracts and compared to monocyte elastase activity, neutrophil elastase, and the elastase activity from a continuous line of murine macrophagelike cells (P388D1). Serine proteinase activity which solubilized 14C-labeled elastin accounted for >90% of the neutral proteinase activity of both U-937 cells and monocyte extracts. U-937 cell and monocyte elastase activities were similar catalytically, resembling neutrophil elastase. U-937 cells and monocytes showed other similarities: (a) both had activities reacting with [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate that migrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gels at ∼30,000 and 60,000 daltons and (b) both contained material that cross-reacted with antiserum raised to neutrophil elastase. Preliminary characterization of U-937 cell elastase activity by affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography suggested the presence of at least two distinct elastases. Minimal elastase activity was found in U-937 cell-conditioned medium, indicating that the activity is not spontaneously released by the cells. In contrast to the elastase activity associated with U-937 cells and monocytes, the elastase activity associated with P388D1 cells was a metalloproteinase and was found principally in the culture medium. These results indicate (a) U-937 cells will be useful for further investigation of proteinases associated with normal monocytes; (b) monocytes and U-937 cells contain material with catalytic and immunologic similarities to neutrophil elastase; (c) monocyte elastase activity differs from elastase activity secreted by murine macrophages and murine macrophagelike cells of the P388D1 line.
Experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: William B. Hood, Jesus A. Bianco, Raj Kumar, Richard B. Whiting
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Compliance of the infarcted left ventricle was studied in dogs 3-5 days after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Compliance was assessed from postmortem pressure-volume curves and from pressure-length measurements (mercury-in-silastic segment length gauges) made both in vivo and postmortem. Postmortem pressure-volume curves showed reduced compliance compared to sham-operated animals. Postmortem pressure-length curves of infarcted and adjacent normal myocardium indicated that the diminished total compliance could be attributed to an increase in stiffness of the infarcted area. This was confirmed by in vivo end-diastolic pressure-length changes produced by transient aortic occlusion. The infarcted area was akinetic, showing neither contraction nor aneurysmal bulging. In addition, anesthetized dogs with infarcts, when compared with sham-operated animals, had similar left ventricular end-diastolic volumes (indicator dilution method), but higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressures. Taken with previous observations, which show that systolic aneurysmal bulging is uniformly present at the onset of ischemia, these results indicate that stiffening of the ischemic myocardium occurs during the first 5 days after infarction, and show that elevation of left ventricular filling pressure does not necessarily signify ventricular dilatation. The results also suggest a mechanism whereby ventricular performance may improve during recovery from acute myocardial infarction.
Using radiogenomics to characterize MRI-guided prostate cancer biopsy heterogenity.
Authors: Radka Stoyanova, Alan Pollack, Charles Lynne, Merce Jorda, Nicholas Erho, Lucia L.C. Lam, Christine Buerki, Elai Davicioni, Adrian Ishkanian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

25 Background: Current methods for prostate cancer risk stratification are often insufficient to accurately predict outcome after definitive therapy. As tumor multi-focality and genetic heterogeneity can lead to diagnostic prostate biopsy sampling bias, we hypothesize that quantitative imaging with multiparametric (MP)-MRI will more accurately direct targeted biopsies to index lesions associated with highest risk clinical and genomic features, and improve accuracy of current risk classification systems. Methods: Regionally distinct prostate habitats were delineated on MP-MRI (T2w, perfusion and diffusion imaging). Directed biopsies were performed on 17 habitats from 6 patients using MRI-ultrasound fusion. Biopsy location was characterized with 51 radiographic features (including intensity, volume, perfusion, and diffusion paramters). Transcriptome-wide analysis of 1.4 million RNA probes was performed on RNA from each habitat. Genomics features with insignificant expression values (&lt;0.25) and interquartile range &lt;0.5 were filtered, leaving ~2K features. Results: High quality genomic data was derived from 17 (100%) biopsies and clustered by patient origin. Using only prostate cancer related genomic features for hierarchical clustering, samples clustered by Gleason score (GS), indicating these biopsies contain prognostic signal. Similarly, when principal component analysis was performed on 51 imaging features, the primary source of variance segregated the samples into high (≥7) and low (6) GS. Pearson’s correlation analysis identified 152 genomic features that were highly associated with the imaging features (|r| &gt; 0.7). Furthermore, genomic features were found to be significantly enriched for prostate cancer related pathways (p &lt; 0.05), representing a potential biologically meaningful link between imaging and genomic data. Conclusions: MP-MRI-targeted diagnostic biopsies can potentially improve risk classification by directing pathological and genomic analysis to highest risk index lesions. This is the first demonstration of a link between quantitative imaging features (radiomics) with genomic features in MRI-directed prostate biopsies.
Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in real-life practice in India
Authors: Ashok Mahashur, Deepak Talwar, Mangala Kotnis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

A 52-week, post-marketing study to assess the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in an Indian population is ongoing; we present interim 16-week data.  This is an open-label, multi-center, observational, post-marketing study in 72 patients (mean age 51.7±14.9 y) with moderate-to-severe persistent allergic asthma. Endpoints are asthma exacerbations, work/college days missed, hospitalizations, ACQ 5 and ACT scores, FEV 1 , and ICS use. Safety and tolerability are also being assessed. Qualitative and quantitative variables are analyzed using Chi-Square tests and paired t-tests, respectively. All parameters are compared from baseline to week 16 of omalizumab treatment.  35.9% of patients experienced ≥1 exacerbation at baseline. This reduced significantly to 15.4% at week 16 (p=0.046). The proportion of patients missing college/work and requiring unscheduled hospitalizations also reduced significantly with omalizumab (41.7% to 12.5%, p=0.039; 23.7% to 2.6%, p=0.021, respectively). ACQ scores significantly improved with omalizumab; composite scores decreased by 4.2 (14.8 vs. 10.6, 95%CI -6.5 to -1.9; p=0.001) and mean scores by 0.8 (3.3 vs. 2.5, 95%CI -1.4 to -0.2; p=0.015). ACT scores improved significantly by 5.3 (10.1 vs. 15.4, 95%CI 2.4 to 8.4; p=0.002). FEV 1  improved by 0.51L (1.23 vs. 1.74, 95%CI 0.38 to 0.64; p=0.000), and mean ICS dose decreased by 109µg (700.8µg vs. 591.8 µg, 95%CI -205.4 to -12.5; p=0.028). One gastrointestinal adverse event of moderate intensity (suspected drug related) was reported during the study and resolved with concomitant medication.  Omalizumab is an effective and safe therapeutic option in Indian patients with uncontrolled allergic asthma despite high-dose ICS plus LABA.
Covariation of criteria sets for avoidant, schizoid, and dependent personality disorders
Authors: Timothy J. Trull, Thomas A. Widiger, Allen Frances
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Avoidant personality disorder was a new addition to DSM-III. Reaction to its inclusion was mixed. Critics cited the lack of empirical data and the overlap with schizoid disorder. The authors consider the overlap and covariation among avoidant, schizoid, and dependent symptoms and diagnoses in a sample of 84 inpatients diagnosed by using a semistructured interview. Items for avoidant disorder covaried with criteria for dependent disorder but not with criteria for schizoid disorder. The authors point out the implications of these results for the revision of DSM-III (DSM-III-R).
Factors in the surgical management of primary eccrine porocarcinoma: prognostic histological factors can guide the surgical procedure
Authors: E. Belin, K. Ezzedine, S. Stanislas, N. Lalanne, M. Beylot-Barry, A. Taieb, B. Vergier, T. Jouary
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Primary eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare cutaneous neoplasm and there is no consensus concerning its surgical management.To conduct a retrospective analysis of all the cases of eccrine porocarcinoma seen in our hospital in order to identify prognostic factors.Clinical data were retrieved from the patients' files. Each histological sample was reviewed by the pathologist and classified into three eccrine porocarcinoma subtypes: 'infiltrative', 'pushing' and 'pagetoid' eccrine porocarcinoma, according to Robson's criteria. Statistical methods were used to estimate the recurrence risk.Twenty-four patients were included. The surgical margins realized were ≥ 2 cm or < 2 cm in six and 13 patients, respectively, and slow Mohs procedure was performed in two patients. Ten, seven and two patients presented with 'infiltrative', 'pushing' or 'pagetoid' eccrine porocarcinoma, respectively. Eight patients (of 23) experienced recurrences (35%). The recurrence risk was linked to the histological subtype: two out of two pagetoid eccrine porocarcinoma, four out of 10 'infiltrative' and none of seven 'pushing' eccrine porocarcinoma recurred (P=0·026). The recurrence risk was not associated with epidermal growth factor receptor status, nor the margin realized.The recurrence risk of 'pushing' eccrine porocarcinoma is significantly lower than for 'infiltrative' eccrine porocarcinoma. Based on these considerations, a decisional algorithm might be proposed: first step, excisional biopsy of the primary eccrine porocarcinoma and identification of the histological subtype; second step, infiltrative or pagetoid porocarcinoma should be excised with an additional modified micrographic Mohs procedure, while no additional surgery is needed for 'pushing' eccrine porocarcinoma if the first excisional biopsy is complete. Although demonstrated in a limited case series, the histological subtype might guide the surgical management of primary eccrine porocarcinoma.
Gilles de la Tourette's Disease—A Review
Authors: KENNETH M. WOODROW
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The author describes Gilles de la Tourette's disease, noting that it is characterized by sudden involuntary movements, explosive involuntarty utterances, and imitative phenomena; the pathognomonic feature is the sudden, uncontrolled repetitive utterance of obscenities. The general progression of symptoms is cephalocaudad, with frequent waxing and waning; symptoms become worse during affective arousal and improve with relaxation. Etiology is unclear, with recent evidence suggesting catecholaminergic overactivity. Although this disease and schizophrenia are clearly two separate entities, the author suggests that Gilles de la Tourette's disease may be behaviorally related to schizophrenia and biochemically related to the amphetamine psychosis. The treatment of choice is haloperidol.