tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Families With Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Fay Kastrinos, Bhramar Mukherjee, Nabihah Tayob, Fei Wang, Jennifer Sparr, Victoria M. Raymond, Prathap Bandipalliam, Elena M. Stoffel, Stephen B. Gruber, Sapna Syngal
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Lynch syndrome is an inherited cause of colorectal cancer caused by mutations of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. A number of extracolonic tumors have been associated with the disorder, including pancreatic cancer; however, the risk of pancreatic cancer in Lynch syndrome is uncertain and not quantified.To estimate pancreatic cancer risk in families with germline MMR gene mutations.Cancer histories of probands and their relatives were evaluated in MMR gene mutation carriers in the familial cancer registries of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (n = 80), Boston, Massachusetts, and University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center (n = 67), Ann Arbor, Michigan. Families enrolled before the study start date (June 2008) were eligible. Age-specific cumulative risks and hazard ratio estimates of pancreatic cancer risk were calculated and compared with the general population using modified segregation analysis, with correction for ascertainment.Age-specific cumulative risks and hazard ratio estimates of pancreatic cancer risk.Data on 6342 individuals from 147 families with MMR gene mutations were analyzed. Thirty-one families (21.1%) reported at least 1 case of pancreatic cancer. Forty-seven pancreatic cancers were reported (21 men and 26 women), with no sex-related difference in age of diagnosis (51.5 vs 56.5 years for men and women, respectively). The cumulative risk of pancreatic cancer in these families with gene mutations was 1.31% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31%-2.32%) up to age 50 years and 3.68% (95% CI, 1.45%-5.88%) up to age 70 years, which represents an 8.6-fold increase (95% CI, 4.7-15.7) compared with the general population.Among 147 families with germline MMR gene mutations, the risk of pancreatic cancer was increased compared with the US population. Individuals with MMR gene mutations and a family history of pancreatic cancer are appropriate to include in studies to further define the risk of premalignant and malignant pancreatic neoplasms and potential benefits and limitations of surveillance.
"Let them drink milk," says UN
Authors: J. Ciment
Journal: BMJ (1998)

It doesn't bubble. It has no caffeine lift. And it doesn't have a multimillion dollar international advertising budget. But milk now has the imprimatur of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) behind it.

Noting a decline in milk drinking among the world's children–due in part to increased competition from soft drinks–the FAO has launched a promotional campaign for dairy products …
Fenoterol, a selective beta<sub>2</sub>‐adrenergic agonist, and inhibition of IgE‐mediated basophil histamine release
Authors: Y. Morita, T. Miyamoto
Journal: Allergy (1987)

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of fenoterol, a selective beta 2 ‐adrenergic agonist, on basophil histamine release. Fenoterol at 10 ‐7 to 10 3 M did not inhibit the release of histamine induced by Dermatophagoides farinae extract (D.f.) from leukocytes from allergic patients sensitive to mite. Similarly, there was no suppression of histamine release induced by anti‐IgE and formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine under the influence of fenoterol. Fenoterol caused a slight inhibition of the calcium ionophore A23187‐induced histamine release at 10 ‐3 M with % inhibition of 11.8 ± 2.4 (x∼± SEM, P &lt; 0.05). There was no synergism between fenoterol and theophylline in inhibiting D.f.‐induced histamine release. Fenoterol did not suppress the release of histamine induced by antigen at low as well as high levels of release. Based on the data on the effect of fenoterol on IgE‐mediated histamine release, it was concluded that in contrast to a human lung mast cell system, the beta‐adrenergic receptor‐adenylate cyclase system is not a control mechanism in IgE‐mediated basophil histamine release.
Incidence of the Sprue Syndrome
Authors: L. S. P. Davidson, J. R. Fountain
Journal: BMJ (1950)

Transient TCR stimulation induces multiple rounds of CD8 T cell division without further requirement for Ag. The mechanism driving Ag-independent proliferation, however, remains unclear. In this study, we show that the initial duration of TCR stimulation positively correlates with the number of divisions that CD8 T cells subsequently undergo. We find that increased periods of Ag stimulation result in enhanced CD25 up-regulation and greater IL-2 production by CD8 T cells. Depletion of IL-2 from T cell cultures with specific Abs dramatically impairs programmed proliferation. Consistent with this result, IL-2-deficient T cells undergo markedly attenuated Ag-independent proliferation in vitro. Although IL-2 production by stimulated CD8 T cells appears to be essential for in vitro proliferation, upon transfer into recipient mice, IL-2-deficient CD8 T cells undergo extensive proliferation in vivo after transient stimulation. Furthermore, the extent of in vivo proliferation correlates with the duration of in vitro Ag stimulation. These results indicate that the requirements for autocrine IL-2 production by CD8 T cells differs between in vitro and in vivo conditions and suggests that factors in addition to IL-2 can support Ag-independent CD8 T cell proliferation.
Implications of Cardiac Risk and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Distributions in the United States for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemia
Authors: Jon G. Keevil, Michael W. Cullen, Ronald Gangnon, Patrick E. McBride, James H. Stein
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Updated guidelines from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III stratify patients into 5 groups of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk that determine intensity of lipid-lowering therapy. The present study assesses the distribution of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the United States across the 5 groups of CHD risk as defined in the updated guidelines.Subjects included 7399 individuals 20 to 79 years of age in the 1999 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey representing 171 million individuals in the United States. CHD risk, LDL-C levels, and goal achievement were determined per Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. CHD risk assessment incorporated a medical condition review, risk factor summation, and Framingham Risk Score calculation. Percentages were weighted to represent population estimates, and SEs were adjusted for the survey design. The distribution of individuals by CHD risk included 61.1% at lower risk, 10.6% at high risk, and 5.7% at very high risk. From Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, only 5.4% of the population was at "intermediate" risk. Two thirds (66.3%) met their Adult Treatment Panel III-defined LDL-C goal. Of those at high and very high risk, 23% and 26%, respectively, met the goal of LDL-C <100 mg/dL, whereas only 3.1% and 4.6% had an LDL-C <70 mg/dL (or non-high-density lipoprotein C <100 mg/dL).Most adult US residents are at lower 10-year CHD risk and meet risk-adjusted LDL-C goals. However, large portions of the high-risk population are undertreated. The commonly described population at intermediate risk is small. A novel method of identifying patients who might benefit from additional testing to determine their treatment strategy is provided.
PROCEDURAL AND 6-MONTH CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF CORONARY BIFURCATION LESIONS TREATED WITH THE NOVEL POLYMER-FREE DEDICATED BIFURCATION PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENT (NILE PAX): RESULTS OF THE PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER BIPAX CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Ricardo A. Costa, Alexandre Abizaid, Andrea S. Abizaid, Bruno Garcia, Jacques Berland, Ivo Petrov, Phillipe Brenot, Patrick Serruys, Paolo Rubino, Thierry Royer, Maciej Lasiak, Jean Fajadet
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Treatment Outcomes of Different Prognostic Groups of Patients on Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 39801: Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Chemoradiotherapy Compared with Chemoradiotherapy Alone for Unresectable Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Lydia Hodgson, James E. Herndon, Michael J. Kelley, M Giulia Cicchetti, Nithya Ramnath, Harvey B. Niell, James N. Atkins, Wallace Akerley, Mark R. Green, Everett E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Malaria in patients with sickle cell anemia: burden, risk factors, and outcome at the outpatient clinic and during hospitalization
Authors: Julie Makani, Albert N. Komba, Sharon E. Cox, Julie Oruo, Khadija Mwamtemi, Jesse Kitundu, Pius Magesa, Stella Rwezaula, Elineema Meda, Josephine Mgaya, Kisali Pallangyo, Emelda Okiro, David Muturi, Charles R. Newton, Gregory Fegan, Kevin Marsh, Thomas N. Williams
Journal: Blood (2009)
Bahrain accuses 47 medical professionals of "acting against the state"
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Bahrain is to put 47 medical professionals on trial in a military court for allegedly acting against the state during pro-democracy protests earlier this year.

The 23 doctors and 24 nurses face charges including “promoting efforts to bring down the government” and “harming the public by spreading false news.”

Since protests led by the country’s Shiite majority began in February, Bahrain’s Sunni rulers have arrested hundreds of protesters, opposition leaders, and people deemed to be supporting the protesters. The main hospital in the capital, Manama, became a shelter for protesters during the crackdown, and staff members were arrested for …
Effect of Glucosamine Sulfate on Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Rianne M. Rozendaal, Bart W. Koes, Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch, Elian J. Uitterlinden, Eric H. Garling, Sten P. Willemsen, Abida Z. Ginai, Jan A.N. Verhaar, Harrie Weinans, Sita M.A. Bierma-Zeinstra
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: The effectiveness of glucosamine sulfate as a symptom and disease modifier for osteoarthritis is still under debate. Objective: To assess whether glucosamine sulfate has an effect on the symptoms and structural progression of hip osteoarthritis during 2 years of treatment. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Primary care in the Netherlands. Patients: 222 patients with hip osteoarthritis who were recruited by their general practitioner. Patients were eligible if they met the American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria for hip osteoarthritis. Intervention: 2 years of treatment with 1500 mg of oral glucosamine sulfate or placebo once daily. Measurements: Primary outcome measures were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) pain and function subscales over 24 months and joint space narrowing after 24 months. The main secondary outcome measures were WOMAC pain, function, and stiffness after 3, 12, and 24 months. Results: At baseline, both groups were similar in demographic and clinical variables. Overall, WOMAC pain did not differ (mean difference [glucosamine sulfate minus placebo], −1.54 [95% CI, −5.43 to 2.36]), nor did WOMAC function (mean difference, −2.01 [CI, −5.38 to 1.36]). Joint space narrowing also did not differ after 24 months (mean difference, −0.029 [CI, −0.122 to 0.064]). Only 1 of the sensitivity analyses, based on extreme assumptions regarding missing assessments due to total hip replacement, provided results consistent with a glucosamine effect. Limitations: Twenty patients had total hip replacement during the trial. Half of the patients had a Kellgren and Lawrence score of 1. Conclusion: Glucosamine sulfate was no better than placebo in reducing symptoms and progression of hip osteoarthritis. International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN54513166.
Regional Poison-Control Centers Improve Patient Care
Authors: Matilda S. McIntire, Carol R. Angle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Regional poison-control centers had their genesis in the mid-1950s and finally became a reality after more than 20 years. Recovery of the consumer market after World War II was associated with a proliferation of new chemicals, insecticides, pesticides, and medicines, as well as a host of polishing, cleaning, and sanitizing agents. As these products made their way into the home, there was such a marked increase in accidental poisoning that it became the leading cause of accidents in children under five years of age. It was quickly apparent that no one physician could keep abreast of all these new products . . .
The Physician as an Educated Person
Authors: None Name Withheld by Request
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> "Premedical Students, Admissions Committees, and `the Physician as an Educated Person' " was in my mailbox on the day my daughter graduated from medical school. By Dr Rhoads' criteria my daughter was an ideal medical candidate; yet it took two years and almost 30 applications before she was admitted. I blame myself because I gave her bad advice—that a physician had to have a superb foundation in science and that anyone who did not, necessarily practices second-rate medicine, that the person had to be educated, and, finally, that integrity mattered. My daughter had decided in her junior year of secondary school that she had exhausted the curriculum and went on to a women's college after "early decision" admission (and after she won the science and music awards). She chose a double major, chemistry and art history, the last because she knew nothing about art and wanted to learn.
Coronary Risk Factors: The Contemplation of Bigamy
Authors: Martin S. Gizzi
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the search to identify risk factors for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, physicians since Osler<sup>1</sup>have been aware of the importance of psychological stress. The Western Collaborative Group Study<sup>2</sup>convincingly identified coronary-prone type A behavior, and more recent studies have concentrated on psychological stress as a risk factor.<sup>3,4</sup>Two cases we have seen in our coronary care unit exhibited a striking similarity that we feel singles out a particular source of stress as a contributing factor to myocardial infarction. <h3>Report of Case.—</h3> The first patient was a 53-year-old man who 11 years before had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery and who presented with angina that proved to be caused by an acute myocardial infarction. On the morning after admission he was visited by his wife in the coronary care unit. Shortly after her departure he was visited by his fiancee. The patient died shortly
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN MEASLES AND RUBELLA.
Authors: H. M. McCLANAHAN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

screw-worm was discovered in one of the flexor tendon sheaths.Chloroform was applied and five more worms were removed.His recovery was rapid.Case 23.-Reported by Dr. R. D. Kennedy, Globe, Arizona.History.-Mexican, about 25 years old.He complained of soreness in his left axilla, where he had an inflamed nodule which looked like a furuncle.On closer examination of this it Was found to contain screw-worms.By applying chloroform on an applicator for a few minutes the larva?were easily ex- tracted.Seven were removed and a mercury bichlorid dressing applied.The patient did not return.SUMMARY OF RESULTS.In summarizing the results there are twenty-three cases in all, eighteen showing nasal myiasis and'five myiasis of some other site.There are four fatal cases, all of them being the nasal form.Two deaths were directly due to the screw-worms, while in the other two life was greatly shortened by them.The mortality for all cases was 15 per cent.For the nasal cases alone the mortality was a little over 22 per cent.Certainly enough to demonstrate the serious nature of the disease.
A piece of my mind. Unsung hero
Authors: L. Oberman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Secondary Abnormalities of Chromosome 6q in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Sequential Study of Karyotypic Instability in 51 Patients
Authors: William G. Finn, Neil E. Kay, Steven H. Kroft, Stephanie Church, LoAnn C. Peterson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Although karyotypic abnormalities are well documented in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), few sequential cytogenetic studies have been done. In this study, peripheral blood lymphocytes from fifty-one patients with B-CLL were sequentially karyotyped over a mean interval of 13.8 months (range, one to 51 months). Cytogenetic clones were detected in 33/51 patients (66%) on initial study, including 17 patients with structural abnormalities of chromosome 13q14, and three patients with trisomy 12. Karyotypic evolution was documented in 22/51 patients (43%). The most common secondarily acquired chromosome aberrations were structural abnormalities of the long arm of chromosome 6 involving the region of 6q21-q24 (six patients). Four patients each had acquired structural abnormalities of 1q, 3p, 12q, and 13q. Disease progression, as measured by advance in Rai stage or death from the disease, was observed more often in the clonal evolution group than in the karyotypically stable group (11/22 vs. 5/29; P = 0.017). Patients with secondary abnormalities of 6q had a significantly decreased progression-free survival interval compared with other patients in the study (P = .023). The authors conclude that clonal karyotypic evolution is common in B-CLL, and that clonal evolution correlates with clinical disease progression. Furthermore, the poor outcomes previously attributed to CLL with 6q abnormalities may be related to the clonal acquisition of these abnormalities over time. Future studies should focus on the relevant genetic events underlying the clinical progression observed with karyotypic evolution of B-CLL.
Home Accidents in Childhood
Authors: Robert J. Haggerty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE following and many similar headlines startle parents and physicians daily: "Girl Dead, Boy Blinded by Antifreeze"; "Three Small Children Perish in Home Fire"; and "Boy, Two, Dies in Two-Story Fall." To the physician, who today can usually successfully treat his child patients for such serious illnesses as meningitis, erythroblastosis fetalis and dehydration, it is particularly frustrating to be faced with the death or serious injury of one of these children from an accident; yet except for the first year of life accidents are the single greatest cause of death during childhood1 (Table 1).In 1956 accidents caused over 10,000 . . .
Asian-African summit explores how to tackle rise in non-communicable diseases
Authors: H. Wasswa
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The incidence of non-communicable diseases, which are responsible for 60% of deaths worldwide, is growing rapidly in poor states in Africa and Asia, experts and policy makers have warned at an international health conference in Kampala.

The worldwide number of people who are expected to die from chronic diseases will increase by about 17% in 20 years unless action is taken now, said delegates at the first Asian-Africa summit on chronic diseases.

The two day conference, sponsored by the Aga Khan University and the World Health Organization, was attended by doctors, nurses, …
Continuous subcutaneous infusion of glucagon-like peptide 1 lowers plasma glucose and reduces appetite in type 2 diabetic patients.
Authors: M B Toft-Nielsen, S Madsbad, J J Holst
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The gut hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has insulinotropic and anorectic effects during intravenous infusion and has been proposed as a new treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity. The effect of a single subcutaneous injection is brief because of rapid degradation. We therefore sought to evaluate the effect of infusion of GLP-1 for 48 h in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We infused GLP-1 (2.4 pmol.kg-1.min-1) or saline subcutaneously for 48 h in randomized order in six patients with type 2 diabetes to evaluate the effect on appetite during fixed energy intake and on plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, postprandial lipidemia, blood pressure, heart rate, and basal metabolic rate. RESULTS: The infusion resulted in elevations of the plasma concentrations of intact GLP-1 similar to those observed after intravenous infusion of 1.2 pmol.kg-1.min-1, previously shown to lower blood glucose effectively in type 2 diabetic patients. Fasting plasma glucose (day 2) decreased from 14.1 +/- 0.9 (saline) to 12.2 +/- 0.7 mmol/l (GLP-1), P = 0.009, and 24-h mean plasma glucose decreased from 15.4 +/- 1.0 to 13.0 +/- 1.0 mmol/l, P = 0.0009. Fasting and total area under the curve for insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher during the GLP-1 administration, whereas glucagon levels were unchanged. Neither triglycerides nor free fatty acids were affected. GLP-1 administration decreased hunger and prospective food intake and increased satiety, whereas fullness was unaffected. No side effects during GLP-1 infusion were recorded except for a brief cutaneous reaction. Basal metabolic rate and heart rate did not change significantly during GLP-1 administration. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure tended to be lower during the GLP-1 infusion. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that 48-h continuous subcutaneous infusion of GLP-1 in type 2 diabetic patients 1) lowers fasting as well as meal-related plasma glucose, 2) reduces appetite, 3) has no gastrointestinal side effects, and 4) has no negative effect on blood pressure.
On the Treatment of Stricture by Stretching
Authors: R. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1881)

been in some measure beneficial in the majority.I shall presently refer to the various published cases; but, before doing so, I will give a short account of a patient under my own care on whom the operation was done.John A., aged 48, a clerk, was admitted into St.George's Hospital on December 29th, i88o, under Dr
UK treads softly on smoking
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The British government's long awaited action plan to reduce cigarette smoking contains 20 initiatives, but apart from a statutory ban on advertising these rely on persuasion rather than coercion. There are no new restrictions or bans on smoking, but an emphasis on cessation through cooperation.

The main innovation announced in a recent white paper, Smoking Kills , is a $60m scheme to help adults stop smoking, with one week's free supply of nicotine patches for people on low incomes. The scheme will begin next April in pilot areas where general practitioners will be able to refer people who want to give up smoking to a course of specialist counselling.

Other antismoking measures target teenagers and pregnant women, against a background of what the white paper sees as the beginning of a new upward trend in smoking …