tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lymphoblastic transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Joao L. Ascensao, Neil E. Kay, John J. Wright, Diane Arthur, Barbara Finkel, Robert Rydell, Manuel E. Kaplan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Acute myeloblastic leukemia occurs as a complication of myelodysplastic syndromes, but the appearance of an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has only been reported once. We describe a case in which lymphoblastic transformation occurred in the setting of a dysmyelopoietic syndrome. This leukemia was characterized by lymphoid morphology, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positivity, cytogenetic abnormalities, and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. The patient responded to conventional therapy for this leukemia (vincristine and prednisone). Our case supports the hypothesis of a common lymphohemopoietic progenitor and suggests that in vitro tests may help identify a subset of these patients and be important in selecting appropriate therapy.
Human parvovirus B19 in patients with aplastic anemia
Authors: Baijayantimala Mishra, Pankaj Malhotra, Radha Kanta Ratho, Mini P. Singh, Subhash Varma, Neelam Varma
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Aplastic anemia is characterized by pancytopenia with hypoplastic bone marrow. Various factors including viral infections have been implicated as the precipitating factors. Human parvovirus B19 has been associated with red-cell aplasia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. The present study was carried out to determine the role of parvovirus B19 in aplastic anemia patients. Twenty-seven aplastic anemia patients and 20 healthy controls were tested for the presence of parvovirus B19 infection by detecting parvovirus B19-specific IgM by ELISA and viral DNA by PCR. Parvovirus B19 IgM and viral DNA were detected in significantly higher numbers of patients in comparison to the controls (40.7% vs. 5%, P < 0.01; 37% vs. 0%, P < 0.001, respectively). The presence of parvovirus DNA in aplastic anemia patients indicates active or recent infection. However, more studies are needed to explore the mechanism of bone-marrow aplasia due to human parvovirus B19 infection.
Pharmacy Care Programs and Clinical Outcomes—Reply
Authors: Allen J. Taylor, Jeannie K. Lee, Karen A. Grace
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Immunology of Cancer.
Authors: Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972The Immunology of Cancer.Robert S. Schwartz, M.D.Robert S. Schwartz, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-854_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere is a growing body of evidence that most neoplasms, whether those induced in experimental animals or those arising spontaneously in humans, are antigenic. Several classes of human cancers have been found to possess unique antigenic determinants. In some instances the tumor antigens are immunochemically identical with or very similar to embryonic antigens and hence are calledcarcinoembryonicantigens. They probably result from dedifferentiation of the neoplastic cell. Immune responses to these antigens have been detected in patients with cancer, but there is no proof that immunity to human tumor antigens is protective. Indeed, some evidence suggests that the production... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert S. Schwartz, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 854-854KeywordsAntigensCancer immunotherapyCarcinoembryonic antigenImmune responseImmunityImmunology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prevention and control of chronic diseases
Authors: P. Piot, S. Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A UN General Assembly meeting is a unique opportunity to put them on the world's agenda Chronic diseases-cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes-are the leading global causes of death.Mental illnesses, injuries, osteoarthritis, and chronic kidney diseases also contribute substantially to disability but are often excluded from consideration.Of 58.8 million deaths globally, 60% were attributed to chronic diseases in 2004.1Even in subSaharan Africa, where infectious diseases remain the major disease burden, with AIDS as the single leading cause of death, chronic diseases account for 25% of all deaths.Deaths from chronic diseases are projected to increase dramatically between now and 2030⇓.2
An unsafe ward
Authors: J. Shakespeare
Journal: BMJ (2013)

This is the story of how my father died in a modern British hospital. In late March 2012 he organised his own 90th birthday party, where he stood and delivered an articulate and funny after dinner speech. He was a retired anaesthetist living alone and independently in a small village in the north of England. By the beginning of May he was dead, having sustained a fractured femur in hospital (not Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust).

He had significant comorbidities, including critical aortic stenosis. In mid-April he was admitted for cardiac assessment and deemed fit for cardiac surgery. Two days after discharge he was re-admitted under a gastroenterologist after a gastrointestinal bleed. His death happened after a fall eight days later.

I believe that a lack of basic care in hospital led to his fall and death. I wrote to the hospital trust, including a personal narrative of events, and I asked questions. The trust has carried out a serious untoward incident review, and I have discussed the outcomes with the trust; it has not disputed any of my comments about his care. I have no interest in litigation, only in improving the …
Fetal haematology in rhesus isoimmunisation.
Authors: K H Nicolaides, C H Rodeck, D S Millar, R S Mibashan
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Haematological studies were carried out in pure fetal blood samples obtained fetoscopically in 29 rhesus isoimmunised pregnancies at 18-24 weeks' gestation, and the values were compared with those obtained in 62 normal control pregnancies. Fetal reticulocytosis or erythroblastaemia was seen only in association with a haemoglobin concentration of 4 g/dl or less. Ten of the 14 fetuses with a haemoglobin concentration below 4 g/dl showed ultrasonographic evidence of hydrops.
Endogenous antibody responsiveness to epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with immunoglobulin allotypes and overall survival of patients with glioblastoma
Authors: J. P. Pandey, E. Kistner-Griffin, F. F. Radwan, N. Kaur, A. M. Namboodiri, L. Black, M. A. Butler, T. Carreon, A. M. Ruder
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Immunoglobulin γ marker (GM) and κ marker (KM) allotypes, hereditary antigenic determinants of γ and κ chains, respectively, have been shown to be associated with immunity to a variety of self and nonself antigens, but their possible contribution to immunity to the tumor-associated antigens epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EGFR variant (v)III has not been evaluated. The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether the interindividual variation in endogenous antibody responsiveness to EGFR and EGFRvIII is associated with particular GM, KM, and Fcγ receptor (FcγR) genotypes and whether antibody levels were associated with the overall survival of patients with glioblastoma.A total of 126 Caucasian participants with glioblastoma were genotyped for several GM, KM, and FcγR alleles and characterized for IgG antibodies to EGFR and EGFRvIII antigens.The anti-EGFR antibody levels associated with GM 3/3 homozygotes and GM 3/17 heterozygotes were similar (15.9 vs 16.4 arbitrary units [AU]/µL) and significantly lower than those associated with GM 17/17 homozygotes (19.6 AU/µL; nominal P = .007). Participants homozygous for the GM 21 allele also had significantly higher levels of anti-EGFR antibodies than GM 5/5 homozygotes and GM 5/21 heterozygotes (20.1 vs 16.0 and 16.3 AU/µL; nominal P = .005). Similar associations were found with immune responsiveness to EGFRvIII. Higher anti-EGFR and anti-EGFRvIII antibody levels were associated with enhanced overall survival (16 vs 11 mo, nominal P = .038 and 20 vs 11 mo, nominal P = .004, respectively).GM allotypes contribute to humoral immunity to EGFR in glioblastoma.
Evidence for boosting Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific IFN- responses at 6 weeks following tuberculin skin testing
Authors: A. Naseer, S. Naqvi, B. Kampmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

To the Editors: 

We read with great interest the paper by Leyten et al. 1 in the present issue of the European Respiratory Journal , which assessed whether the tuberculin skin test (TST) might affect the results of the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold (QFT-G), a blood-based Mycobacterium tuberculosis -specific interferon-γ release assay (IFNGRA).

This is an important topic in the UK with respect to the recently published National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines 2 for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB). The guidelines state that if a suspected case of TB yields a negative initial TST then the subject should be re-tested at 6 weeks, at which point an IFNGRA may be used in conjunction with the TST. Experts within the field have previously been worried about the potential boosting effect of the TST on IFNGRA responses. However, to …
Combined deficiency in IκBα and IκBϵ reveals a critical window of NF-κB activity in natural killer cell differentiation
Authors: Sandrine I. Samson, Sylvie Mémet, Christian A. J. Vosshenrich, Francesco Colucci, Odile Richard, Delphine Ndiaye, Alain Israël, James P. Di Santo
Journal: Blood (2004)
Serogroup C Meningococcal Outbreaks in the United States
Authors: Lisa A. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —Multiple outbreaks of serogroup C<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>have recently been reported from diverse areas of the United States. To better define the characteristics of this increasingly important problem, we reviewed data on all known serogroup C outbreaks in the United States from January 1980 through June 1993. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —MEDLINE searches, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention records, state health department officials, infectious disease experts, and the meningococcal vaccine manufacturer. <h3>Definition of an Outbreak.</h3> —Three or more cases of serogroup C meningococcal disease within a 3-month period, either among members of a community or persons attending a single school or other institution, for which those cases represented an attack rate of at least five per 100 000 population. <h3>Results.</h3> —Twenty-one outbreaks of serogroup C meningococcal disease were identified; eight occurred since 1991. In 1992 and the first half of 1993, approximately 180 000 doses of vaccine were administered for outbreak control, compared with approximately 34000 doses from 1980 to 1991. Approximately 50% of community-outbreak cases were between the ages of 5 and 24 years, compared with only 19% of sporadic serogroup C cases (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Subtyping of patient isolates indicates that outbreaks are clonal; however, at least five distinct but closely related strains have caused recent outbreaks. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Serogroup C outbreaks are occurring more frequently in the United States. The effectiveness of preventive measures depends on early recognition; therefore, physicians should promptly report all cases of suspected meningococcal disease, and the causative serogroup should be established for every case. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:383-389)
Birth weight, childhood lower respiratory tract infection, and adult lung function
Authors: S O Shaheen, J A C Sterne, J S Tucker, C d. V Florey
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Historical cohort studies in England have found that impaired fetal growth and lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood are associated with lower levels of lung function in late adult life. These relations are investigated in a similar study in Scotland. <h3>METHODS</h3> In 1985–86 a follow up study was carried out of 1070 children who had been born in St Andrew's from 1921 to 1935 and followed from birth to 14 years of age by the Mackenzie Institute for Medical Research. Recorded information included birth weight and respiratory illnesses. The lung function of 239 of these individuals was measured. <h3>RESULTS</h3> There was no association between birth weight and lung function. Pneumonia before two years of age was associated with a difference in mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) of −0.39 litres (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.67, −0.11; p = 0.007) and in mean forced vital capacity (FVC) of −0.60 litres (95% CI −0.92, −0.28; p&lt;0.001), after controlling for age, sex, height, smoking, type of spirometer, and other illnesses before two years. Similar reductions were seen in men and women. Bronchitis before two years was associated with smaller deficits in FEV<sub>1</sub> and FVC. Asthma or wheeze at two years and older and cough after five years were also associated with a reduction in FEV<sub>1</sub>. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The relation between impaired fetal growth and lower lung function in late adult life seen in previous studies was not confirmed in this cohort. The deficits in FEV<sub>1</sub> and FVC associated with pneumonia and bronchitis in the first two years of life are consistent with a causal relation.
Progesterone for Outpatient Treatment of Pickwickian Syndrome
Authors: FRANK D. SUTTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Ten patients with the Pickwickian syndrome, characterized by obesity, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, polycythemia, and cor pulmonale, underwent long-term treatment as outpatients with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Although there was no significant weight change in the group, PaO2 rose 12.6 +/- 2.7 mm Hg (SEM) from 49 +/- 2.6 mm Hg to 62 +/- 2.3 mm Hg (P less than 0.001), while PaCO2 fell 13 +/- 2.6 mm Hg from 51 +/- 1.9 mm Hg to 38 +/- 1.2 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). Hematocrit fell from 56 +/- 2.5% to 50 +/- 1.2%, a mean fall of 6% (P less than 0.01), during medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy. In the 2 patients who had cardiac catheterization before and during medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy, mean pulmonary arterial pressure fell 13 and 19 mm Hg. There were no recurrences of cor pulmonale during treatment. These effects on arterial blood gas values and clinical state were sustained during therapy. On withdrawal of medroxyprogesterone acetate during 1-month period, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions deteriorated to their previous pretreatment values. Reinstitution of medroxyprogesterone acetate caused improvement in both the oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions. We conclude that sublingual medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy is useful in the management of the Pickwickian syndrome.
Demonstration of an in vivo functional beta 3-adrenoceptor in man.
Authors: S Enocksson, M Shimizu, F Lönnqvist, J Nordenström, P Arner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Although it is well established in several mammalian species that beta 3-adrenoceptors play a major role in regulating lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissue, the functional existence and role of this receptor subtype in man has been controversial. We investigated whether the beta 3-adrenoceptor functionally co-exists with beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in vivo in human adipose tissue. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue of healthy non-obese subjects was microdialyzed with equimolar concentrations of dobutamine (selective beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist), terbutaline (selective beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist), or CGP 12177 (selective beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist). All three agents caused a rapid, sustained, concentration-dependent and significant elevation of the glycerol level in the microdialysate (lipolysis index). However, only terbutaline stimulated the nutritive blood flow in adipose tissue, as measured by an ethanol escape technique. Dobutamine and CGP 12177 was equally effective in elevating the glycerol level (maximum effect 150% above baseline). Terbutaline was significantly more effective than the other two beta-agonists (maximum effect 200% above baseline). When adipose tissue was pretreated with the beta 1/beta 2-selective adrenoceptor blocker propranolol the glycerol increasing effect of dobutamine or terbutaline was inhibited by 80-85% but the glycerol response to CGP 12177 was not influenced. It is concluded that a functional beta 3-adrenoceptor is present in vivo in man. It co-exists with beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in adipose tissue and may therefore play a role in lipolysis regulation. It appears, however, that the beta 2-adrenoceptor is the most important beta-adrenoceptor subtype for the mobilization of lipids from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue because of its concomitant stimulatory effect on lipolysis and blood flow.
UK royal colleges publish competency based curriculums
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Training for UK doctors in higher medical training is set to become more structured and systematically evaluated, with the publication this week of competency based curriculums by the three royal colleges of physicians of the United Kingdom.

The new curriculums represent a complete restructuring of training and assessment for specialist registrars working in 29 specialties and subspecialties and are based on …
Delayed Postanoxic Encephalopathy After Heroin Use
Authors: LEON M. PROTASS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

A 16-year-old boy presented in coma and hypoxic from heroin overdose. After initial improvement he lapsed into prolonged coma with decerebrate posturing. His course corresponded to reported cases of delayed postanoxic encephalopathy associated with other causes.
Effects of Low Blood Pressure in Cognitively Impaired Elderly Patients Treated With Antihypertensive Drugs
Authors: Enrico Mossello, Mariachiara Pieraccioli, Nicola Nesti, Matteo Bulgaresi, Chiara Lorenzi, Veronica Caleri, Elisabetta Tonon, M. Chiara Cavallini, Caterina Baroncini, Mauro Di Bari, Samuele Baldasseroni, Claudia Cantini, Carlo A. Biagini, Niccolò Marchionni, Andrea Ungar
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

The prognostic role of high blood pressure and the aggressiveness of blood pressure lowering in dementia are not well characterized.To assess whether office blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, or the use of antihypertensive drugs (AHDs) predict the progression of cognitive decline in patients with overt dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Cohort study between June 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012, with a median 9-month follow-up of patients with dementia and MCI in 2 outpatient memory clinics.Cognitive decline, defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score change between baseline and follow-up.We analyzed 172 patients, with a mean (SD) age of 79 (5) years and a mean (SD) MMSE score of 22.1 (4.4). Among them, 68.0% had dementia, 32.0% had MCI, and 69.8% were being treated with AHDs. Patients in the lowest tertile of daytime systolic blood pressure (SBP) (≤ 128 mm Hg) showed a greater MMSE score change (mean [SD], -2.8 [3.8]) compared with patients in the intermediate tertile (129-144 mm Hg) (mean [SD], -0.7 [2.5]; P = .002) and patients in the highest tertile (≥ 145 mm Hg) (mean [SD], -0.7 [3.7]; P = .003). The association was significant in the dementia and MCI subgroups only among patients treated with AHDs. In a multivariable model that included age, baseline MMSE score, and vascular comorbidity score, the interaction term between low daytime SBP tertile and AHD treatment was independently associated with a greater cognitive decline in both subgroups. The association between office SBP and MMSE score change was weaker. Other ambulatory blood pressure monitoring variables were not associated with MMSE score change.Low daytime SBP was independently associated with a greater progression of cognitive decline in older patients with dementia and MCI among those treated with AHDs. Excessive SBP lowering may be harmful for older patients with cognitive impairment. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring can be useful to help avoid high blood pressure overtreatment in this population.
The Effect of Atrial and Ventricular Tachycardia on Cardiac Output, Coronary Blood Flow and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure
Authors: RENÉ WÉGRIA, CHARLES W. FRANK, HSUEH-HWA WANG, JACQUES LAMMERANT
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

The effect of electrically induced auricular and ventricular tachycardia of various rates was studied in the anesthetized dog. When, the control heart ranging between 140 and 190 per minute, atrial tachycardia of a rate only slightly higher than the control rate was induced, a very temporary initial decrease in arterial blood pressure, cardiac output and coronary blood flow occurred, then all three parameters essentially returned to control level. With atrial tachycardia of a higher rate, blood pressure, cardiac output and coronary flow fell more markedly, then blood pressure and cardiac output rose to or toward control level, remaining below control level with higher rates of tachycardia, whereas the coronary flow rose to or above control level and only exceptionally remained below control level. Ventricular tachycardia had essentially the same effects as atrial tachycardia, but a ventricular tachycardia of a given rate had the same quantitative effect as an atrial tachycardia of a higher rate.
Chromosomal Abnormalities in Cancer
Authors: Stefan Fröhling, Hartmut Döhner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

This review gives an account of chromosomal aberrations in cancer cells. Such abnormalities have typically been associated with hematologic cancers, but recent work has shown a variety of chromosomal changes in solid tumors, including prostate cancer and non–small-cell lung cancer. The authors point out that some of the chromosomal abnormalities have revealed targets for cancer treatment, and others have clinical application in the diagnosis of certain types of neoplasms and in the formulation of a prognosis.
Book Review Between the Dying and the Dead: Dr. Jack Kevorkian's Life and the Battle to Legalize Euthanasia By Neal Nicol and Harry Wylie. 273 pp., illustrated. Madison, WI, Terrace Books, 2006. $27.95. 978-0-299-21710-5
Authors: Henk A.M.J. ten Have
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)