tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mesothelioma and exposure to asbestos.
Authors: W K Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1991)

work much is done to promote change and publicise the problem.One result has been the national survey of blindness and low vision in The Gambia' -a whole country was surveyed, producing the best hard facts on blindness in west Africa.Other activities include the promotion of local courses for an ophthalmic nursing diploma in Sierra Leone and Ghana.By increasing awareness, both at home and abroad, pressure may be maintained on governments to develop services that will relieve this vast burden of suffering, and in this respect Dr Potter should be congratulated.
India considers government agency to license infertility clinics
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The Indian Council of Medical Research has unveiled draft guidelines to regulate infertility treatment in India, prompted by concerns about unethical practices in infertility clinics.

Doctors acknowledge the need to regulate infertility treatment in India, but some infertility specialists have dubbed the proposals as “impractical and detrimental to the interests of patients.”

The guidelines, released last week, specify infrastructure requirements and a code of practice for infertility clinics, as well as additional training for gynaecologists who specialise in the treatment of infertility through assisted reproductive technology.

The council has also proposed …
Is obesity a risk factor for childhood asthma?
Authors: R. Von Kries, M. Hermann, V. P. Grunert, E. Von Mutius
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: In adolescents and adults, an association between obesity and asthma was found in females. Does this sex‐specific association already exist in young children? Methods: Questionnaire data on 9357 5‐ and 6‐year‐old German children were collected in 1997 in two rural regions in Bavaria. The diagnosis of asthma, hay fever, and eczema was ascertained with the ISAAC core and other validated questions. Overweight was defined by a BMI of &gt;90th and ≤97th percentile and obesity by a BMI of &gt;97th percentile. Results: The lifetime prevalence of doctor's diagnosed asthma in girls was 3.5% (95% CI 2.9–4.1%) for normal weight, 5.8% (95% CI 3.2–8.4%) for overweight, and 10.3% (95% CI 5.3–15.2%) for obesity, whereas no relation to weight was found in boys. Hay fever and eczema were unrelated to weight in girls and boys. The adjusted odds ratio for asthma in girls was 2.12 (95% CI 1.22–3.68) for overweight and 2.33 (95% CI 1.13–4.82) for obesity. Conclusions: A sex‐specific association with doctor's diagnosed asthma was also observed in girls at school entry. Since this association was confined to doctor's diagnosed asthma in the absence of other atopic conditions, and no association with other atopic manifestations was found, we hypothesize that this association is related to factors other than atopic sensitization.
Thyroxine, methimazole, and thyroid microsomal autoantibody titres in hypothyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Authors: R Jansson, A Karlsson, P A Dahlberg
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Ten hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were treated with methimazole 30 mg in addition to thyroxine 0.15 mg daily. Another 10 hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were given thyroxine 0.15 mg alone. After 22 weeks of treatment significant decreases in thyroid microsomal autoantibody titres were observed in both groups (p less than 0.01). There was no difference in the mean change in titre between the two groups. When the patients treated with methimazole were subsequently given thyroxine 0.15 mg alone for a further 22 weeks no additional change in titre was observed. The data suggest that thyroxine, by normalising serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations, may reduce the autoantigenic properties of the thyrocytes with a subsequent decrease in autoantibody titres.
The Political Contest over Health Care Resumes
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The long, painful process of reconciling society's preference for low taxes and limited government with its steadfast support of a broad range of publicly funded services will continue this year, with medical care in the eye of the Reagan administration's budget-cutting storm. But the balance of power between the executive and legislative branches has shifted in a direction that will lead to closer scrutiny of the administration's stringent health policies and perhaps to a modicum of relief.The administration, weakened by revelations about its foreign-policy misadventures and faced with a restive Congress that increasingly fears the political repercussions of Reagan's . . .
Phase I Study of an Anti-Breast Cancer Immunotoxin by Continuous Infusion: Report of a Targeted Toxic Effect Not Predicted by Animal Studies
Authors: B. J. Gould, M. J. Borowitz, E. S. Groves, P. W. Carter, D. Anthony, L. M. Weiner, A. E. Frankel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

260F9 Monoclonal antibody-recombinant ricin A chain, an immunotoxin reactive with approximately 50% of breast carcinomas, was given by continuous iv infusion at a dose of 50 micrograms/kg per day or 100 micrograms/kg per day. Five patients with refractory breast cancer received treatment for from 6 to 8 days. Severe toxic effects, including marked fluid overload and debilitating sensorimotor neuropathies, occurred in most patients. Immunoperoxidase studies suggested that 260F9 monoclonal antibody targeting of the Schwann cells may have induced demyelination and subsequent neuropathy. This is the first report of a targeted toxic effect due to an immunoconjugate.
Room for both tyrosine nitration and cysteine nitrosylation to regulate NFκB activity, but perhaps only one modification at a time
Authors: S GROSS, Y HATTORI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

In their letter to the editor, Biswas and Lopes de Faria expressed concern that a recent report by Park et al. in Molecular and Cellular Proteomics [1] appears to contradict our earlier report showing that NO, but not peroxynitrite, inhibits NFκB-mediated gene activation [2]. Careful consideration of the respective studies should allay the reader's concern–there is no disagreement between data presented in these two reports. Whereas our study probes the physiological process by which NO prevents NFκB from becoming activated in vascular cells (i.e., in response to immunostimulants), Park examines how an NO-donor might turn off NFκB in a pathophysiological setting where it is already activated. The rationale for the Park et al. study of NFκB deactivation is that some cancer cells use this as a strategy to escape apoptosis. Accordingly, the Park study uses aberrant cell lines where NFκB is constitutively active (for undefined reasons), as well as HEK cells that have been pretreated with TNFα to elicit NFκB activation. We have no disagreement whatsoever with the elegant study of Park et al.; however we take this opportunity to suggest an alternative contributing interpretation. Additionally, we would like to point out an unappreciated relationship that can lead to cross-talk between Tyr nitration and S -nitrosylation in NFκB …
PREGNANCY ACCIDENTS IN DIABETES
Authors: David Hurwitz
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  There are several apparent flaws in the paper of Dr. Priscilla White entitled The Prediction and Prevention of Pregnancy Accidents in Diabetes inThe Journal, Dec. 14, 1940, page 2039.  Before it can be concluded that pregnancy accidents in diabetes can be prevented by continuous substitutional estrogen and progesterone therapy in replacement doses and that this treatment is  within the field of practical therapeutics, it might be well to examine the papers of the Smiths (Am. J. Obst. & Gynec.33:365 [March] 1937; 36:769 [Nov.] 1938;39:405 [March] 1940) on which Dr. White's work is based. From their work and Dr. White's earlier paper (Am. J. M. Sc.198:482 [Oct.] 1939) one finds that pregnancy accidents may occur in patients with a normal hormonal balance and that abnormal hormonal balances may revert to normal without treatment. Since Dr. White's paper makes no mention
OC-010 Large Cohort Study Evaluating the Role of Hybrid ESD (H-ESD) and Conventional Piecemeal EMR Technique in the Resection of Large and Challenging Colonic Polyps Demonstrates no Outcome Benefit of H-ESD over EMR: Abstract OC-010 Table
Authors: R Bhattacharyya, P Basford, S Tholoor, G Longcroft-Wheaton, P Bhandari
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The learning curve for ESD in the west is very long, so a hybrid technique has been proposed. The impact of Hybrid ESD (H-ESD) technique on clinical outcome is unclear. We aim to compare the outcome benefits of Multi-piece EMR and H-ESD in the resection of challenging colonic polyps. <h3>Methods</h3> A Prospective cohort study of endoscopic resection of difficult colonic polyps. Patients were tertiary referrals from experienced endoscopists. EMR was defined as submucosal injection followed by piecemeal snare resection. H-ESD involved submucosal injection before mucosal incision with an ESD knife followed by snare resection of the lesion. Endoscopic follow up was performed. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using SPSS. <h3>Results</h3> 347 flat/sessile polyps &gt; 20 mm were resected between 2007–12. Mean follow-up was 1004 days. <h3>H-ESD Cohort</h3> N = 110/347(32%). Mean size was 45mm(range 10–170). 25/110(23%) were salvage procedures for scarred lesions due to failed EMR attempts by other endoscopists. Endoscopic clearance was achieved in 95.5% of procedures. Need for surgery (n = 4): 1 for perforation and 3 for unexpected cancer. 98.6% showed no evidence of recurrence at endoscopic follow up. <h3>EMR cohort</h3> N = 237/347(68%). Mean size was 42mm(range 20–150). 11/237(4.6%) were salvage procedures for polyps with scarring. Endoscopic clearance was achieved in 93% of cases. Need for surgery (n = 21): 1 patient for incomplete resection &amp; 20 for suspicion of cancer in EMR specimen. At endoscopic follow up 98% of cases had achieved complete clearance. Risk of recurrence was associated with lesion size &gt; 50 mm &amp; scarring due to previous EMR attempts. This was unaffected by technique (EMR or H-ESD). Perforation/microperforation was more likely in the H-ESD Cohort, but the overall complication rates were similar for H-ESD and EMR cohort. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Both techniques achieved an excellent overall cure rate for large &amp; challenging polyps. This is the first large series comparing the two techniques and demonstrates that polyp cure rate was equally good with both techniques. H-ESD technique was used more commonly for polyps with significant scarring &amp; was associated with slightly higher perforation rates. Our data does not demonstrate any significant outcome benefit of H-ESD technique over the conventional EMR technique. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
DNA — Structure and Enzymatic Synthesis (Concluded)
Authors: Gerald Medoff, Morton N. Swartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

The Enzymatically Synthesized DNA Nucleotide sequences (nearest-neighbor analysis). The strongest evidence that the newly synthesized DNA is a faithful copy of the nucleotide sequence of the original priming DNA has come from the work of Josse et al.38 analyzing the nearest-neighbor frequencies of particular bases. This analytic technic, mentioned in the first section of this review, provides an elegant approach to obtaining a statistical estimate of the frequency of occurrence of a given base adjacent to any other base in DNA. It also confirms the Watson–Crick model of DNA with equal content of purines and pyrimidines and strands of opposite . . .
Patient's perspective
Authors: Sally Reynolds, Nicola Harker
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Five weeks ago (31 January, p 276) we presented the case of Ms Reynolds, a 25 year old woman who presented to her general practitioner when eight weeks pregnant complaining of nausea and vomiting with light headedness.After an unsuccessful trial of prochlorperazine, she asked about alternatives to conventional drugs, and we suggested a trial of vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) to relieve her symptoms (7 February, p 337).Because of the paucity of evidence for or against the use of vitamin B-6, we suggested an n of 1 trial as an objective way to assess whether it was effective.The table shows that vitamin B-6 did not have a significant treatment effect compared with placebo for Ms Reynolds's four most important symptoms.After being shown the results of her n of 1 study, Ms Reynolds stopped taking vitamin B-6.Vitamin B-6 in the form of pyridoxal-5-phosphate acts as an important coenzyme in the transamination of amino acids, with deficiency leading to polyneuropathy and convulsions. 2Vitamin B-6 has an important role in protein metabolism and transporting many amino acids across cell membranes.The mode of action in alleviating nausea in pregnancy is not known.No clear relation has been found between indicators of vitamin B-6 status and nausea and vomiting. 2ausea and vomiting are the commonest symptoms experienced in the first trimester of pregnancy, affecting 70-85% of women. 3Hyperemesis gravidarum, persistent vomiting that is sufficient to cause fluid and electrolyte disturbance, is much less common, with an incidence of 3.5/1000 deliveries. 3Despite the relative lack of evidence, use of complementary or alternative medicines, including vitamins and herbal remedies, is popular.One study found that nearly a third of pregnant women use such remedies, with 13% of women specifically taking them to alleviate symptoms of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. 1In most instances patients do not tell their doctors that they are taking complementary medicines. 1n n of 1 trial in a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum showed that prednisolone 50 mg daily was no more effective than ascorbic acid. 4The results of our n of 1 trial-that vitamin B-6 had no clinically important effect on vomiting-concurred with those of a systematic review, based on evidence from three randomised controlled trials. 5Vitamin B-6 was also ineffective in alleviating our patient's three other most important symptoms of dizziness, daily activities, and general wellbeing.We believe an n of 1 trial is a useful means of helping patients decide on which treatment to take in situations where evidence is poor or equivocal.
Case 41-1968
Authors: Samuel O. Thier, Kilmer S. McCully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Presentation of CaseA thirty-year-old mentally retarded woman was brought to the hospital in coma.She had been found in her room, cold and totally unresponsive. The recent past history was unobtainable. She had had 8 pregnancies. Three years previously, on admission to another hospital for the last pregnancy, diabetes mellitus was discovered, but no treatment was given. A serologic test for syphilis was positive. Subsequently, she underwent tubal ligation; during this procedure gallstones were discovered, and a cholecystectomy was performed later.On examination the patient was comatose and severely dehydrated and appeared moribund. The larynx had been intubated, with . . .
A randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, bilateral comparison trial of bexarotene gel 1% versus vehicle gel in combination with narrowband UVB phototherapy for moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Melissa Amy Magliocco, Komal Pandya, Viktor Dombrovskiy, Linda Christiansen, Yuk Wong, Alice Bendix Gottlieb
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
The Epidemic of Influenza in the Rural Sanitary District of Melton Mowbray
Authors: W. Tibbles
Journal: BMJ (1890)

West London Hospital, and were diagnosed as cases of either tin or ptomaine poisoning, and were treated accordingly.The subse- quent analyses of the contents of the two tins indicated that the toxic symptoms were due to tin, so that it will be perhaps as well to describe first the examination of the contents of the tins.The tin of meat, which was about one-third full, contained meat which from its appearance, smell, and, taste, appeared to be in good condition; it was found on analysis to be tree from tin, and was also carefully examined for ptomaines by the ether and tar- taric acid process described in the JOUnNAL of last year,' but was found to be quite free from any of those animal poisons.It therefore seemed evident that the toxic substance was to be looked for in the contents of the tin of chlerries.This tin (a large one) was about half full of cherries and juice.The juice was strongly acid, and the analysis of it showed that the acidity was due to malic acid with a small quantity of acid tartrate of potash.The juice contained tin in solution, a quantitative estimation of which showed that every fluid ounce of the juice contained the equiva- lent of 1.9 grains of the higher oxide of tin, which would be equal to 3.2 grains of the malate of tin in each fluid ounce of the juice, or to 60.4 grains in a pint of the juice.On examining the inside
Prevalence, incidence and predictors of anal high-risk HPV infections and cytological abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals
Authors: Alberto Borghetti, Paola Cattani, Giorgio Maria, Sara D'Onghia, Rosaria Santangelo, Simona Marchetti, Salvatore Farina, Roberto Cauda, Andrea De Luca, Simona Di Giambenedetto
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Budd-Chiari syndrome after oral contraceptives.
Authors: M. J. Grayson, M. C. Reilly
Journal: BMJ (1968)

common in the enterobacteria of the infant population of Dublin.Dr. Anderson suggests that the R factors in the Tees-side strains had probably been transferred from non-pathogenic Re+ B. coli.Our findings support his view.One possible method of preventing the spread of R factors within a hospital is to isolate all infants ecreting R+ enterobacteria on admission.As it is a routine practice in most children's hospitals to culture the faeces of infants on admission for pathogenic enterobacteria, I suggest that a direct sensitivity test should also be done on the faeces.All infants carrying R* strains should be isolated within the hospital.It would not be possible or necessary to screen for R factors, because it is most probable that if the organism is multiresistant it is R+.
Abstract 1201: Establishment and characterization of cell lines derived from a murine model of PTEN-deficient prostate cancer
Authors: Kazuhiro Yoshikawa, Marco A. De Velasco, Yurie Kura, Naomi Ando, Emiko Fukushima, Yuji Hatanaka, Yutaka Yamamoto, Nobutaka Shimizu, Kazuhiro Yoshimura, Masahiro Nozawa, Kazuto Nishio, Hirotsugu Uemura
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Inactivation of the tumor suppressor PTEN is a common event in human prostate cancer that leads to increased activation of the PI3K pathway. Crosstalk between the PI3K signaling cascade and other cancer regulatory pathways contributes to the growth and survival of cancer cells. To better understand the mechanisms involved in the transformation process and to establish an in vivo screening system for novel treatment strategies, we previously developed a genetically engineered mouse model of prostate cancer that is based on the conditional inactivation of PTEN. In this model, inactivation of PTEN results in the stage-specific development of prostate cancer that recapitulates most features of the human disease including the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The purpose of our study was to establish and characterize a panel of cell lines derived from this model in order to study the disease mechanisms at the cellular level and to establish a cell-based assay system to complement our in vivo program for pre-clinical screening of novel anticancer drugs. A panel of 7 cell lines derived from castration-naïve prostate tumors and 6 cell lines derived from CRPC were established. Cells lines were characterized for morphological, growth, differentiation, and molecular profiles in vitro as well as for their tumorigenic potential in vivo. The cell lines were also tested against a panel of cytotoxic and molecular targeting drugs and compared to the sensitivity of human prostate cell lines. Overall, our comprehensive analysis summarizes the functionality and potential application as cell-based system for developing treatment strategies against prostate cancer. Citation Format: Kazuhiro Yoshikawa, Marco A. De Velasco, Yurie Kura, Naomi Ando, Emiko Fukushima, Yuji Hatanaka, Yutaka Yamamoto, Nobutaka Shimizu, Kazuhiro Yoshimura, Masahiro Nozawa, Kazuto Nishio, Hirotsugu Uemura. Establishment and characterization of cell lines derived from a murine model of PTEN-deficient prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1201. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1201
The effect of corticosteroids on in vitro endotoxin-induced microclots
Authors: LENNART JUHLIN, WALTER B. SHELLEY, CARIN VAHLQUIST
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

The in vitro endotoxin‐induced fibrin microclots could be completely inhibited in blood by treating the patient with an oral dose of 30–60 mg prednisone 24 h before drawing the blood sample. When added to 100 ml blood in vitro, the minimal inhibiting dose of corticosteroid is 0.004 mg betamethasone or 0.5 mg hydrocortisone.
Defining goals and conditions for a sustainable world.
Authors: J Cairns
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Sustainable development is being approached component by component--socioeconomic, sustainable agriculture, transportation, forestry, energy use, cities, and the like--but, leaving a habitable planet for future generations will require the development of a widely shared paradigm. Further, the paradigm should be ecological from a scientific point of view. This development will be facilitated by a discussion of goals and those conditions necessary to meet them. The presently shared paradigm is that economic growth is the cure for all of society's problems, such as poverty, overpopulation, environmental degradation, and the increasing gap between rich and poor. A paradigm shift from growth to sustainability might result either from suffering painful consequences of continuing to follow out-moded paradigms or by discussing what sort of ecosystems will be available to future generations. The purpose of this paper is to help initiate such a discussion.