tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
REMARKS ON THE BACTERIAL THERAPY OF YELLOW FEVER.
Authors: CHARLES B. FITZPATRICK
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Dr. A. H. Doty, health officer, who was to have addressed you to-night, has asked me to take his place and say a few words in a non-technical way on the general subject of the bacterial therapy of yellow fever. This perhaps will be best accomplished by taking a few extracts from a report which I am preparing on the bacterial treatment of yellow fever, and adding thereto the observations of other investigators. Our experience with the bacterial therapy of yellow fever embraces: 1, the use of the blood-serum prepared from the bacillus icteroides of Sanarelli; 2, the use of the toxin of the bacillus icteroides employed as a vaccination fluid, and 3, the use of a prophylactic fluid prepared, according to Haffkine's methods, from this bacillus and the colon bacterium found at autopsy in the liver and heart blood of yellow fever patients. The serum prepared from the bacillus
Intravesical Immunotherapy of Superficial Bladder Cancer with Chitosan/Interleukin-12
Authors: David A. Zaharoff, Benjamin S. Hoffman, H. Brooks Hooper, Compton J. Benjamin, Kiranpreet K. Khurana, Kenneth W. Hance, Connie J. Rogers, Peter A. Pinto, Jeffrey Schlom, John W. Greiner
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Intravesical BCG has been used successfully to treat superficial bladder cancer for three decades. However, 20% to 30% of patients will fail initial BCG therapy and 30% to 50% of patients will develop recurrent tumors within 5 years. Alternative or complementary strategies for the management of superficial bladder cancer are needed. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent TH1 cytokine with robust antitumor activity and the ability to potentiate immunologic memory. Unfortunately, intravesical IL-12 did not show antitumor efficacy in a recent clinical study of patients with recurrent superficial bladder cancer. We hypothesized that coformulation of IL-12 with chitosan, a biocompatible, mucoadhesive polysaccharide, could improve intravesical IL-12 delivery and provide an effective and durable alternative for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. In antitumor studies, 88% to 100% of mice bearing orthotopic bladder tumors were cured after four intravesical treatments with chitosan/IL-12. In contrast, only 38% to 60% of mice treated with IL-12 alone and 0% treated with BCG were cured. Antitumor responses following chitosan/IL-12 treatments were durable and provided complete protection from intravesical tumor rechallenge. Urinary cytokine analysis showed that chitosan/IL-12 induced multiple TH1 cytokines at levels significantly higher than either IL-12 alone or BCG. Immunohistochemistry revealed moderate to intense tumor infiltration by T cells and macrophages following chitosan/IL-12 treatments. Bladder submucosa from cured mice contained residual populations of immune cells that returned to baseline levels after several months. Intravesical chitosan/IL-12 is a well-tolerated, effective immunotherapy that deserves further consideration for testing in humans for the management of superficial bladder cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(15):6192–9]
Guidelines for clinical protocols for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Recommendations of the national cancer institute‐sponsored working group
Authors: Bruce D. Cheson, John M. Bennett, Kanti R. Rai, Michael R. Grever, Neil E. Kay, Charles A. Schiffer, Martin M. Oken, Michael J. Keating, David H. Boldt, Sanford J. Kempin, Kenneth A. Foon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract The National Cancer Institute (NCI)‐sponsored Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Working Group was convened to develop a set of standardized eligibility, response, and toxicity criteria for clinical trials. We recognized the previous efforts in 1967 published again in 1973 as the report of the Chronic Leukemia‐Myeloma Task Force [1] and 1978 of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) [2]. We have used these reports for guidance during the current effort. Several noteworthy developments in the past few years have made it necessary to modify the previous guidelines. First, the diagnostic criteria for CLL and its clinical staging have been developed and well defined. Second, although staging systems facilitated entry of comparable and relatively homogeneous groups of patients in clinical trials, the definitions of response (CR) and partial response (PR) were not uniformly adopted from the previous guidelines in the clinical trials (Tables IA, IB); therefore, comparisons of results obtained in different studies became difficult. Third, there has been an improvement in our understanding of the immunology and biology of CLL. Finally, we are witnessing the emergence of several chemotherapy agents that promise impressive activity in CLL (e.g., 2′‐deoxycoformycin [3], fludarabine monophos‐phate [4,5]), and thereby offer the potential for improving survival time in this disease. To best identify regimens worthy of continued pursuit in large comparative trials, standardized guidelines for evaluation are essential. A number of laboratory investigations are also presented for which scientific interest is high yet relevance remains to be determined; thus, they are presented as companion studies to the clinical trials. This mechanism allows for flexibility in the testing of these questions and for additional ideas in the future without requiring modification of an entire treatment protocol.
The Effects on Mood of Adjunctive Single-Family and Multi-Family Group Therapy in the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with Major Depression
Authors: Gilbert M.D Lemmens, Ivan Eisler, Ann Buysse, Els Heene, Koen Demyttenaere
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Family-based interventions have been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression, but they have seldom been studied in hospitalized depressed patients. This study assesses the value of the additional use of single-family or multi-family group therapy within this patient population. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Eighty-three patients were randomly assigned to: (1) the treatment programme as usual (n = 23), (2) treatment as usual combined with single-family therapy (n = 25) or (3) treatment as usual combined with multi-family group therapy (n = 35). Follow-up assessments were made at 3 months and 15 months. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Multi-family group and single-family therapy conditions showed significantly higher rates of treatment responders than the group receiving the usual treatment (49, 24 and 9%, respectively), and higher rates of patients no longer using antidepressant medication (26, 16 and 0%, respectively) at 15 months. Partners taking part in the family treatments were significantly more likely to notice the improvements in the emotional health of the patient early on compared to those in the treatment as usual condition. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; This study suggests that single-family and multi-family therapy may benefit hospitalized patients with major depression, and may help the partners of the patients to become aware of the patient’s improvement more quickly.
356. Engineering of Cell Surface Sialic Acids for Polymeric Gene Delivery
Authors: Yihua Loo, S.-Gopalan Sampathkumar, Prabhani U. Atukorale, Kevin J. Yarema, Kam W. Leong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Uptake of plasmid vectors through the plasma membrane of a cell is a one of the barriers to efficient non-viral gene delivery. To facilitate uptake, we explored the use of 'oligosaccharide engineering'to install non-native "receptors" in the glycocalyx of mammalian cells for use as "tags" for the targeted delivery of cationic polymer- DNA nanoparticles. In this technique, which exploits the permissivity of the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway for synthetic N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) analogs, mammalian cells metabolically process these non-natural monosaccharides to the corresponding sialic acids and display them on the termini of cell surface oligosaccharides. Of relevance to gene delivery, N- thioglycolyl-D-mannosamine peracetate (Ac5ManNTGc) is a novel analog containing a pendant thiol group. Upon surface display as the N-thioglycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5TGc) form of sialic acid, the carbohydrate-expressed thiol groups are highly accessible compared to their protein counterparts, thereby facilitating selective chemical reactions with complementary functional groups.1 In this work, we tested the ability of Neu5TGc-displayed thiols to enhance the non-viral gene delivery process by derivatizing the surface of cationic polymer-DNA nanoparticles with maleimide functional groups. Maleimide groups selectively form covalent bonds with thiol groups; consequently the additional surface-exposed thiol groups presented on Ac5ManNTGc-treated cells are expected to efficiently capture the maleimide-decorated DNA-nanoparticles and, in turn, improve the probability of uptake and eventual gene expression. To test this model, human embryoid-body derived cells (hEBD) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were cultured in medium containing (10μM) of Ac5ManNTGc for 3 days. The treated hEBD cells and hMSC showed a 15-fold and 2–3 fold increase in cell-surface thiol expression, respectively, compared to controls that were either untreated, or treated with a ManNAc analog that did not contain thiol groups. Ac5ManNTGc- treated cells transfected with maleimide-decorated chitosan-DNA nanoparticles showed an increase in Luciferase expression, as compared to untreated cells. By manipulating the glycosylation pathway to create synthetic sugar moieties on the cell surface, this cell engineering approach provides a model to study the ligand-"receptor" interactions that would have implications on targeted drug and gene delivery. 1. Sampathkumar, S.-G., Li, A.V., Jones, M.B., Sun, Z. & Yarema, K.J. Metabolic installation of thiols into sialic acid modulates adhesion and stem cell biology. Nature Chemical Biology Advance Online Publication, 12 March 2006, doi:10.1038/nchembio1770 (2006).
List of Disqualified Investigators Available on Internet
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Poly-ε-caprolactone microspheres as a drug delivery system for cannabinoid administration: Development, characterization and in vitro evaluation of their antitumoral efficacy
Authors: D. Hernán Pérez de la Ossa, A. Ligresti, M.E. Gil-Alegre, M.R. Aberturas, J. Molpeceres, V. Di Marzo, A.I. Torres Suárez
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Verapamil preserves myocardial performance and energy metabolism in left ventricular hypertrophy following ischemia and reperfusion. Phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Authors: P T Buser, S Wagner, S T Wu, N Derugin, W W Parmley, C B Higgins, J Wikman-Coffelt
Journal: Circulation (1989)

While calcium entry blockers have a beneficial influence on the postischemic recovery of the nonhypertrophied heart, their influence on the hypertrophied heart has not been determined. The aim of this study was to assess postischemic recovery of myocardial performance and energy metabolites in rat hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy pretreated either chronically or acutely with verapamil. Left ventricular hypertrophy was induced by suprarenal constriction of the abdominal aorta. Hemodynamics and phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectra were monitored simultaneously in the isolated hearts during control perfusion, after 30 minutes of global ischemia, and after 30 minutes of reperfusion. All hypertrophied hearts had significantly higher rate-pressure products than normal hearts. Compared with normal hearts, oxygen consumption was significantly lower in all hypertrophied hearts, especially untreated hypertrophied hearts. Also, before ischemia all normal or hypertrophied hearts (treated or untreated) began with comparable phosphorylation potentials (i.e., the supply of energy was not significantly different). Postischemic recovery was not related to energy supply-oxygen demand before onset of ischemia. Furthermore, it was not related to energy levels or intracellular pH during ischemia. For postischemic recovery, the rate-pressure product was 40 +/- 5% in the hypertrophied heart, 83 +/- 5% in the normal, 100 +/- 3% in the hypertrophied heart chronically treated with verapamil, and 82 +/- 5% in the hypertrophied heart acutely treated with verapamil. The degree of recovery was related to coronary flow both before and after ischemia. The latter is important for flushing deleterious metabolites and ions from the interstitial space as well as for delivery of oxygen and substrate to the myocardium.
FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH THE KONDOLÉON OPERATION FOR ELEPHANTIASIS
Authors: W. E. SISTRUNK
Journal: JAMA (1918)

in the common duct, in which it is paramount to remove the stones ; and when we drain we cure the patient.In the cholecystectomy cases Dr. Archibald goes a step farther .anddrains through the cystic duct.He cures three out of four patients.Remove the gallbladder whenever wise and safe in cases of chronic pancreatitis and drain.Dr. E. Starr Judd, Rochester, Minn.: Our experimental work on pancreatitis
Remission in Renal Amyloidosis
Authors: JEAN-PHILIPPE MÉRY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 October 1975Remission in Renal AmyloidosisJEAN-PHILIPPE MÉRY, M.D., SAID MOSTEFA, M.D.JEAN-PHILIPPE MÉRY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SAID MOSTEFA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-4-581_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Cohen and associates reported in the April issue (Ann Intern Med82:466-473) a case of resolution of primary amyloidosis during chemotherapy. In this patient, who had a renal localization of amyloidosis, a striking improvement occurred, illustrated by the disappearance of proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome together with return of renal function to normal. The authors suggested that the recovery was due to the treatment (melphalan, penicillamine, prednisone, and fluoxymesterone). However they did not give convincing evidence for such a conclusion; we believe that one must be very cautious before admitting the value of any treatment in renal amyloidosis... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JEAN-PHILIPPE MÉRY, M.D.; SAID MOSTEFA, M.D.Affiliations: Service de Néphrologie Hôpital Tenon 4 rue de la Chine 75020 Paris France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTraitements des amyloses en dehors du traitement symptomatiqueColchicine induced remission in amyloid nephrotic syndromeColchicine in the treatment of AA and AL amyloidosisFamilial Mediterranean Fever-Associated AmyloidosisRenal Involvement in DysproteinemiasAmyloid and amyloidosisRenal amyloidosis.Treatment of Renal AmyloidosisSystemic amyloidosis and the skin: a review with special emphasis on clinical features and therapyTREATMENT OF PRIMARY AMYLOIDOSISThe Successful Treatment of Primary Amyloidosis with Intermittent ChemotherapyCase 15-1976 1 October 1975Volume 83, Issue 4 Page: 581-581 Keywords Amyloidosis Chemotherapy Fluoxymesterone Proteinuria ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pancreatic carcinoma. Survival following detection by ultrasonic scanning
Authors: L. R. McCormack
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The survival of 28 patients with pancreatic cancer was studied following initial detection of this malignant neoplasm by ultrasonic scanning. By ultrasound examination, 24 patients had an abnormality, and 21 had a demonstrable mass. Twenty-seven patients are now deceased, and the overall survival ranged from eight days to 24 months (mean, 6.1 months). The results of this study indicate that diagnosis by ultrasonic scanning had no effect on the survival of patients with pancreatic carcinoma.
Preliminary results for the phase 1 trial of a folate receptor alpha adjuvant cancer vaccine in ovarian and endometrial cancer patients
Authors: John S Berry, Erika J Schneble, Alfred F Trappey, Timothy J Vreeland, Guy T Clifton, Diane F Hale, Alan K Sears, Sathibalan Ponniah, Elizabeth A Mittendorf, George E Peoples
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Folate Receptor Alpha (FRa) is an immunogenic protein that is over-expressed in breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer (OC). In fact, FRa expression in malignant cells is 20-fold higher compared to normal cells. We have begun a phase 1 clinical trial with E39, an HLA-A2 restricted
Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in cardiac allograft vasculopathy and its attenuation by anti MMP-2 ribozyme gene transfection
Authors: K Tsukioka
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) causes intimal thickening during cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). This process requires the degradation or remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the cells. Imbalance between degradation and accumulation of ECM also contributes to the development of CAV. In this study, we investigated the contribution of matrix metalloprotenases (MMPs), enzymes regulating ECM turnover, to the development of CAV. Methods: Donor hearts from male DBA mice were heterotopically transplanted to male B10.D2 recipient mice, and harvested at days 15 and 30 post transplantation. We examined expression MMP-2, -3, -9 and -13 of graft vessels using immunohistochemistry. To clarify the role of MMP-2 in CAV, anti MMP-2 ribozyme was delivered into donor hearts just before transplantation, mediated by a hemagglutinating virus of Japan–liposome complex to specifically suppress MMP-2 activity. Results: All MMPs were immunopositive in SMCs from the slightly thickened neointima at day 15. In the advanced stage of intimal thickening at day 30, in addition to increased number of SMCs, accumulation of collagenous fibers was observed; expression of MMP-3, -9 and -13 was decreased. In contrast, MMP-2 expression remained distinctly positive throughout the progression of the vascular remodeling. After the gene transfer of MMP-2 ribozyme, luminal occlusion was significantly decreased compared to non-treated allografts [25.0±6.5 vs. 55.1±7.0% (P<0.05)] at day 30 post transplantation. Conclusion: MMP-2 is a principle MMP throughout the progression of the vascular remodeling in CAV. Anti MMP-2 therapy could therefore be one of the candidates for a supplemental therapy for CAV.
How should cost data in pragmatic randomised trials be analysed?
Authors: S. G Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Pragmatic randomised trials are usually large scale multicentre studies in which interventions or medical policies are compared in a realistic setting.1 The intention is that conclusions from these trials, if accepted, can be adopted directly into medical practice.2 Economic evaluations carried out alongside these trials are increasingly common because it is often important to assess costs and cost effectiveness as well as clinical outcomes.3 Costs are usually derived from information about the quantity of healthcare resources used by each patient in the trial. The quantities of each resource used are multiplied by fixed unit cost values and are then summed over the separate types of resource to give a total cost per patient.4



Distribution of costs from a trial comparing endometrial resection with hysterectomy in women with menorrhagia. Costs are based on health resource use from randomisation to two years; they include preoperative, operative, hospital stay, complications, retreatment, and primary care components5



This information leads to a range of different costs across participants in the trial. As an example, the figure shows the distribution of costs in women with menorrhagia randomised to treatment with endometrial resection or abdominal hysterectomy.5 Such highly skewed distributions are typical of cost data; the long right hand tail reflects the fact that some patients incur high costs because of factors such as medical complications, reoperation, or extended hospital stay.

### Summary points

Health economic evaluations are now commonly included in pragmatic clinical trials that inform policy decisions

Despite the usual skewness in the distribution of costs, it is the arithmetic mean that is the most informative measure

Measures other than the arithmetic mean do not provide information about the cost of treating all patients, which is needed as the basis for healthcare policy decisions

Statistical analysis based on transforming cost data or …
An addictive personality
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Fallada: joys of morphinism



Do men choose philosophies, or philosophies men? A friend of mine, who has thought deeply about the question, thinks it is the latter: by which he means, of course, that it is one’s temperament rather than abstract considerations of truth that determines one’s world view. A cognate question is whether there is such a thing as the addictive personality, and if so, whether each drug has its corresponding personality. Or is it merely circumstances that addict the addict?

The German writer Hans Fallada (1893–1947, real name Rudolf Ditzen), was a man of multiple addictions, but principally to alcohol and morphine. In his Short Treatise on the Joys of Morphinism he describes, in terms …