tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug resistance pattern of directly observed treatment shortcourse (DOTS) category-II relapse patients
Authors: Nirmal Jain, Mukesh Sharma, Nitin Jain, Nalin Joshi, Rohan Aurangabadwalla, Akanksha Jha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Multi-Drug resistance (MDR) is an emerging threat to tuberculosis control and resistance pattern depends on factors like regimen, duration of treatment, compliance etc. Currently Cat-II relapses are retreated with Cat-II DOTS and there is scarcity of data on drug resistance pattern in relapse patients.

Materials and method: This prospective observational study included 128 patients of Cat-II relapse. Detailed history of chemotherapy was recorded and sputum was sent for mycobacterial culture and sensitivity before starting Cat II DOTS. Resistance pattern of patient was studied.

Results: 122 out of 128 culture and sensitivity reports were available. 104 (85%) patients were culture positive, 15 (12.09%) were smear positive and culture negative. 3 (2.41%) had contaminated culture. 86 (69.35%) patients had resistance to any drug, of which 66 (53.22%) were MDR.112 (87%) and 16 (13%) patients were treated previously with DOTS and non-DOTS respectively. History of previous chemotherapy revealed 80 (63%) patients had relapses, 11 (9%) were failures and 37 (29%) were defaulters. 56 (73%) had resistance to any drug and, 42 (54%) were MDR in relapse group. 7 (70%) patients had resistance to any drug in failure group and all were MDR. 57% had resistance to any drug in defaulters and 50% were MDR.

Conclusions: High resistance pattern (53.22%) in Cat II relapse patients, thus patients should not be retreated with Cat-II retreatment regimen but empirically treated with revised line drugs till availability of mycobacterial culture and sensitivity reports. There is scarcity of drug resistance data for Cat-II relapses and an urgent need of generating data on relapses so that the policy to treat these patients can be established.
Computed Tomographic Scanning in Rectal Carcinoma
Authors: G Zheng, R J Johnson, B Eddleston, R D James, P F Schofield
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

Computed tomographic (CT) scanning has been used to assess the extent of local spread in 85 patients with rectal carcinoma. In 37 patients with carcinoma of the rectum who were scanned before surgery, good correlation was found between the extent of local invasion, as assessed by scanning, and that demonstrated at operation by histological assessment. Scanning is not a reliable method for assessing regional lymph node involvement. Forty-eight patients presented with recurrent rectal carcinoma after previous rectal excision (30 patients after abdominoperineal and 18 patients after anterior resection). CT scanning was shown to be a valuable tool in establishing the diagnosis of recurrent tumour. Most of these patients have spread which precludes further curative surgery. CT may identify those patients who have a resectable recurrence, but is especially valuable in planning radiotherapy which may be used for palliation.
Abstract 4038: Role of the Rho-GTPase CDC42 in glioma migration
Authors: Hidehiro Okura, Brian J. Golbourn, Amanda J. Luck, Christian A. Smith, James T. Rutka
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Introduction: Malignant astrocytoma is a highly proliferative and invasive neoplasm that infiltrates diffusely into regions of normal brain rendering total surgical extirpation impossible and effective local radiation therapy difficult. Conventional chemotherapy frequently fails because most agents administered systemically will not cross the blood-brain barrier. Despite recent reports which have shown a 2-month survival advantage when adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy is used for glioblastoma multiforme, death ensues in most cases within 2 years of diagnosis. For truly significant advances to be made in the treatment of patients with malignant astrocytoma, we must develop a greater understanding of the basic biology of these neoplasms. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine a key pathway involving the Rho-GTPase family of proteins that regulates glioma cell migration from the tumor mass into normal brain tissue. One of the Rho-GTPase family proteins, CDC42 is the major regulator of cell polarity. It plays a crucial role in controlling the direction of cell migration by determining the cell membrane localization of lamellipodia, and by moving the microtubule-organizing center and Golgi apparatus in front of the nucleus and towards the leading edge of the cell. However, there have been few reports on the role of CDC42 in human astrocytomas. METHOD: In order to examine the role of CDC42 in glioblastoma, we generated stable doxycycline (DOX) inducible cell lines expressing wild type (WT) -, constitutively active (CA) -, and dominant negative (DN) -CDC42. Cell viability, migration, and invasion assays were performed using the cell lines. We also used orthotopic xenograft mouse models and evaluated the survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Administration of DOX induced the expression of CA-CDC42 and demonstrated significantly increased migration and invasion properties compared to WT and DN-CDC42. Furthermore, CA-CDC42 bearing mice with DOX treatment had significantly decreased survival compared to WT and DN with DOX. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that CA-CDC42 enhances the astrocytoma invasion and migration. Furthermore, CA-CDC42 increased the size of implanted tumor in the murine brain leading to early mortality. We concluded that CA-CDC42 plays an important role for astrocytoma malignancy. Citation Format: Hidehiro Okura, Brian J. Golbourn, Amanda J. Luck, Christian A. Smith, James T. Rutka. Role of the Rho-GTPase CDC42 in glioma migration. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4038. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4038
Gene Mutation Profile of Pancreatic Cancer Obtained Using Targeted Deep Sequencing and Its Association with Prognosis
Authors: H. Hayashi, T. Kohno, N. Hiraoka, Y. Sakamoto, S. Kondo, C. Morizane, M. Saito, K. Shimada, H. Ichikawa, Y. Komatsu, H. Ueno, T. Okusaka
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Long-term patency of saphenous vein and left internal mammary artery grafts after coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Steven Goldman, Karen Zadina, Thomas Moritz, Theron Ovitt, Gulshan Sethi, Jack G. Copeland, Lizy Thottapurathu, Barbara Krasnicka, Nancy Ellis, Robert J. Anderson, William Henderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Letter by Mentzelopoulos et al Regarding Article “β-Adrenergic Receptor–Mediated Cardiac Contractility Is Inhibited Via Vasopressin Type 1A-Receptor–Dependent Signaling”
Authors: Spyros D. Mentzelopoulos, Charikleia S. Vrettou, Spyros G. Zakynthinos
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Oxygen Delivery and Consumption Are Independent: Evidence from Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Resuscitated Children
Authors: Alvise Tosoni, Gustavo La Rotta, Cormac Breatnach, Vijay Anand, Celeste Foreman, Leanne Davidson, Andrew N. Redington, Brian P. Kavanagh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)
Reversibility of induced bronchoconstriction by deep inspiration in asthmatic and normal subjects
Authors: None Wheatley, PD Pare, LA Engel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

Five normal and five asthmatic subjects underwent a progressive methacholine provocation study. At each concentration inspiratory pulmonary resistance (RL) was measured, as well as isovolumic maximal flow and residual volume from both partial and complete forced expirations. Results were compared over the RL range of 6-11 cmH2O.1-1.S-1. The reversibility of bronchoconstriction by deep inspiration was quantified as the ratio of the flow increase to potential maximal increase; the reversibility of gas trapping was the ratio of decrease in residual volume to potential maximal decrease. The reversibility of bronchoconstriction did not differ between the groups. In contrast, the reversibility of gas trapping was smaller in asthmatic subjects (21 +/- 17%) than in normals (84 +/- 6%). As gas trapping reflects airway closure, our findings suggest that during induced bronchoconstriction airway closure is more resistant to the effects of deep inspiration in asthmatic than in normal subjects but the reversibility of bronchoconstriction by deep inspiration is not different.
French national survey by the GELF on flexible bronchoscopy, patients, indications, results and complications
Authors: Bruno Escarguel, Michel Febvre, Valery Trosini-Desert, Jean Michel Vergnon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective:  Estimate the indications and the results of the flexible bronchoscopy in France in 2009.   Material and method:  The GELF led a forward-looking investigation in Mars 2009 with 150 pulmonologists distributed in a random way on the territory by a questionnaire of 2 patient cases. An extrapolation of procedures was realized over the year and on the number of days worked.   Results:  A number estimated by 352 500 flexible bronchoscopies were realized in 2009. 64% of the procedures were made in public hospital   Conclusion:  This survey of the GELF is the first study allowing the extrapolation of the number of annual bronchoscopies in France, the results and complications. The bronchoscopy allows on the national level, the diagnosis of a significant number of bronchial cancers.
Roles of the transcription factor p53 in keratinocyte carcinomas
Authors: D. E. Brash
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The transcription factor p53 is mutated in most keratinocyte carcinomas (nonmelanoma skin cancers). In these tumours, the gene bears the trace of its mutagen, sunlight. Sunlight‐induced p53 mutations are also seen in skin precancers and even sun‐exposed skin, which harbours thousands of p53‐mutant keratinocyte clones. Normal p53 is upregulated by sunlight exposure, after which it acts as a tumour suppressor in several ways: increasing DNA repair, arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis of badly damaged keratinocytes. This UV‐induced upregulation has been used as an assay for assessing the effectiveness of sunscreens. Once mutated, however, p53 renders cells apoptosis‐resistant and therefore less sensitive to sunlight overexposure than normal cells. This reversal of roles drives clonal expansion of precancerous keratinocytes.
Mammary Carcinogenesis in Female and Male Mite Receiving Contraceptives or Gestagens
Authors: Rudali G, Coezy E, Chemama R
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Three widely used estrogen-progestin mixtures (Enovid, Ovulen, and Lutestral) and their gestagens were investigated as potential carcinogens in the mammary gland of C3H, Rill, and (C3H × RIII)F1 intact female mice. The various contraceptives, despite their estrogen content, did not accelerate or raise the frequency of mammary carcinogenesis in these animals. Norethynodrel and chlormadinone acetate significantly delayed the appearance of the tumors. All three contraceptives produced, with a high rate and after short latencies, mammary cancers in castrated (C3H × RIII)F1 males. Norethynodrel was as potent as mestranol. Chlormadinone acetate did not produce mammary cancers in these males. Some castrated control males developed spontaneous mammary carcinomas late in life, probably induced by adrenal secretions. The castrated male mouse of susceptible strains seems promising material for the establishment of a potential carcinogenic risk for the mammary gland.
Childhood Trauma and Perceived Parental Dysfunction in the Etiology of Dissociative Symptoms in Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Nel Draijer, Willie Langeland
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Research on the etiology of dissociation in adults has focused primarily on childhood sexual abuse. The role of co-occurring childhood stressors and of more chronic adverse conditions such as neglect is less clear. This study examined the level of dissociation in relation to childhood trauma (sexual/physical abuse, witnessing interparental violence), early separation from a parent, and perceived parental dysfunction.One hundred sixty inpatients consecutively admitted to a general psychiatric hospital were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Structured Trauma Interview.The mean Dissociative Experiences Scale score was 17.4; 18.0% of the patients scored beyond 30. Early separation was reported by 26.4% of the patients; 30.1% had witnessed interparental violence; 23.6% reported physical abuse; 34.6% reported sexual abuse; 11.7% reported rape before age 16; and 42.1% reported sexual and/or physical abuse. The level of dissociation was primarily related to reported overwhelming childhood experiences (sexual and physical abuse). When sexual abuse was severe (involving penetration, several perpetrators, lasting more than 1 year), dissociative symptoms were even more prominent. Highest dissociation levels were found in patients reporting cumulative sexual trauma (intrafamilial and extrafamilial) or both sexual and physical abuse. In particular, maternal dysfunction was related to the level of dissociation. With control for gender and age, stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the severity of dissociative symptoms was best predicted by reported sexual abuse, physical abuse, and maternal dysfunction.These findings indicate that dissociation, although trauma-related, is neglect-related as well. This implies the importance of object relations and attachment in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with dissociative disorders.
Correlations between estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and patient characteristics in human breast cancer.
Authors: G M Clark, C K Osborne, W L McGuire
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

The relationships between estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and a variety of patient characteristics are described for 2,977 women with primary breast cancer. Older women were more likely to be estrogen-receptor positive than younger women. When patient age and menopausal status were analyzed together, age was found to be the primary determinant of increased estrogen-receptor concentrations. There appeared to be no relationship with progesterone receptor for either age or menopausal status when these variables were analyzed separately. But premenopausal women had higher progesterone receptor concentrations than postmenopausal women when patients of the same age were compared, perhaps reflecting greater estrogen-mediated synthesis of progesterone receptor. Tumor size was negatively related to steroid receptor concentrations, but no relationships were observed between steroid receptors and either the number of positive axillary lymph nodes or the location of the primary tumor.
Multidrug-resistant pathogens in hospitalized patients coming from the community with pneumonia
Authors: Stefano Aliberti, Catia Cilloniz, James D. Chalmers, Anna Maria Zanaboni, Roberto Cosentini, Paolo Tarsia, Eva Polverino, Anna Maria Brambilla, Fabio Giuliani, Francesca Belloni, Alberto Pesci, Francesco Blasi, Antoni Torres
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Probabilistic scores have been recently suggested to identify pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of MDR pneumonia in hospitalized patients coming from the community and to validate both Aliberti and Shorr scores in predicting MDR pneumonia, comparing them with healthcare associated pneumonia (HCAP) classification. Two independent European cohorts of consecutive patients hospitalized with pneumonia were prospectively evaluated in Barcelona, Spain (BC) and Edinburgh, UK (EC). Data on admission and during hospitalization were collected. The predictive value of the three scores was explored for correctly indicating the presence of MDR pneumonia via a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of 1,591 patients in the BC and 1,883 patients in the EC were enrolled. The prevalence of patients with MDR pathogen among those with isolated bacteria was 7.6% in the BC and 3.3% in the EC. The most common MDR pathogen found in both cohorts was MRSA, followed by MDR P. aeruginosa. A significantly higher prevalence of MDR bacteria was found among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The two probabilistic scores, and particularly the Aliberti one, showed an area under the ROC curve higher than the HCAP classification in predicting MDR pneumonia, especially in the ICU. Risk scores able to identify MDR pneumonia could help in developing strategies for antimicrobial stewardship.
Abstract 106: GYY4137 Attenuates Post-Ischemic Adverse Remodeling and Modulates ANP-Mediated cGMP Signal Transduction
Authors: Eliana C Martinez, Shera Lilyanna, Meng T Peh, Oi W Liew, Philip K Moore, Arthur M Richards
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Myocardial infarction is the most frequent proximate cause of heart failure, which remains a leading cause of death in the developed world. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is emerging as an important endogenous modulator in diverse physiological and pathophysiological events. We hypothesized that the slow-releasing water-soluble H 2 S donor GYY4137 (GYY) may exert cardioprotective effects through modulation of neurohormonal response to cardiac injury. We have found that treatment for 1 week with GYY (100mg/Kg/48hr, IP) after acute myocardial infarction in rats, provides powerful sustained preservation of left ventricular (LV) dimensions and function in vivo, compared to untreated infarcted (MI), placebo- and D-propargylglycine- (PAG, an inhibitor of endogenous H 2 S synthesis) treated animals 2 and 7 days after infarct (n=6/group/time-point). LV dimensions and function in GYY-treated animals were comparable to healthy sham-operated rats. GYY-treated hearts displayed a significantly lower percentage of LV fibrosis than MI, placebo and PAG hearts, whereas PAG treated animals had significantly bigger scar size relative to GYY, at days 2 and 7 after MI. A higher density of blood vessels was found in the scar area of GYY-treated animals compared to all other infarcted groups at days 2 (P&lt;0.0002) and 7 (P&lt;0.01) post-MI. Furthermore, treatment with GYY resulted in increased levels of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) compared to all groups at days 2 and 7 after MI, while cardiac mRNA expression of ANP was also significantly increased in GYY-treated rats compared to Sham (P&lt;0.001), and all the infarcted groups (P&lt;0.05) at day 2 after MI. Concordantly, ANP second messenger cGMP was increased in plasma at day 7 in GYY rats compared to sham and all infarcted groups (p&lt;0.05), paralleled by higher cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI) protein levels than sham (P&lt;0.01), and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation (pVASP) at the cGKI preferred site (Ser239) compared to sham and PAG (P&lt;0.05) at day 2 post-MI. In conclusion, our data suggest that H2S attenuates adverse remodeling and may exert post-ischemic cardioprotective (pro-angiogenic, anti-fibrotic) effects in part through modulation of ANP-mediated cGMP signal transduction.
Acute eosinophilic pneumonia in a heroin smoker
Authors: PE Brander, P Tukiainen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

Inhalation of heroin is known to provoke asthma. We report on the case of a patient who, after repeated inhalation of heroin, presented with decreased lung volume associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia. Rapid remission was obtained after heroin abstinence and initiation of corticosteroid treatment.
Antigen Distribution in AKR Mouse Leukemia2
Authors: M. D. Ram, R. R. Kohn, D. Novak
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Antigen Distribution in AKR Mouse Leukemia Get access M. D. Ram, M.D., M. D. Ram, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. R. Kohn, Ph.D., M.D., R. R. Kohn, Ph.D., M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Novak, B.A. D. Novak, B.A. Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 5, May 1974, Pages 1505–1513, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.5.1505 Published: 01 May 1974 Article history Received: 02 October 1973 Accepted: 10 February 1974 Published: 01 May 1974
Abstract 217: Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Method For Quantification Of Myocardial Salvage In A Rat Model Of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury.
Authors: Stuart M Grieve, Jawad Mazhar, Fraser Callaghan, Cindy Y Kok, Ravinay Bhindi, Gemma A Figtree
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Introduction: Quantification of myocardial “area-at-risk” (AAR) and infarct (MI) zone is critical for assessing novel therapies targeting myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The current standard method involves perfusion with Evan’s Blue (EB), staining with TTC and manual slicing and analysis. We have developed an MRI method for quantifying MI and AAR in whole hearts which provides superior 3D resolution to the standard approach. Methods: Rats were given an IR injury, recovered for 24 hours then infused with Gd-DTPA via the tail vein. The coronary artery was then religated, and a solution containing both iron oxide microparticles and EB was infused. For comparison, hearts were then harvested and transversally sectioned for TTC staining. Some hearts were kept intact for MRI only analysis. Ex-vivo MRI T2* and T1 images were acquired on a 9.4T magnet. The AAR (red) was quantified by comparing the T2* signal loss in perfused regions (blue) and high T1-signal in infarcted zones (white) from Gd-DTPA retention. Results: MRI and EB/TTC measures on the same slice for both AAR and MI were highly correlated (r=0.92-0.94;p&lt;0.05). 3D MRI acquisition and analysis of whole hearts reduced intra-observer variability, and automated segmentation and analysis further reduced inter-observer variation. Conclusion: This novel MRI technique allows precise assessment of infarct and AAR zones and is highly suited to automation of both analysis and acquisition. This method could remove the need for tissue slicing, and via a centralised MRI facility, could permit 3D digital analysis of hearts at high anatomical resolution, accessible for all laboratories already performing IR experiments.
Histopathological diagnosis of Japanese spotted fever using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin biopsy specimens Usefulness of immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR analysis
Authors: K. Tamakuma, Y. Mizutani, M. Ito, K. Shiogama, K. Inada, K. Miyamoto, H. Utsunomiya, F. Mahara, Y. Tsutsumi
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Histogenesis of Malignant Liver Tumors Induced by Dimethylnitrosamine. An Experimental Study in Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Katherine McD. Herrold
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

The histogenesis of malignant liver tumors induced by dimethylnitrosamine was studied in Syrian hamsters. The observed series of lesions that starfed from simple proliferation of reticuloendothelial cells developed into tumors that had the characteristic histological picture of hemangioendothelial sarcomas with multiple lung metastases. The sequential series of lesions that started out as simple bile-duct hyperplasia eventuated in cholangiofibrosis. Cholangiofibrosis appears to be the usual precursor for the development of cholangiocarcinomas. No tumors of hepatic cell origin were observed. The concept that all induced malignant tumors of the liver in laboratory animals arise from hepatic cells is not valid for Syrian hamsters.