tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modeling the release of proteins from degrading crosslinked dextran microspheres using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Karin D.F. Vlugt-Wensink, Thijs J.H. Vlugt, Wim Jiskoot, Daan J.A. Crommelin, Ruud Verrijk, Wim E. Hennink
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
MEDICATION OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT BY ANTISEPTIC NEBULÆ.
Authors: HOMER M. THOMAS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The antiseptic value of nebulæ in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory tract is well recognized by the profession. How to administer them in sufficient strength and quantity to control respiratory septic processes has been the problem. If administered by the stomach in suitable strength and quantity to sufficiently saturate the lungs, as a rule the stomach and lower alimentary tract is so irritated that digestive functions are greatly deranged, hence Nature's method of controlling these processes by vital resistance is much impaired; if introduced directly into the lungs by a parenchymatous injection, so much irritation is produced that an exudate is thrown out which occludes the finer air passages and prevents the introduction of the medicaments; therefore, the normal method of reaching these septic processes is by combining in a respirable form antiseptic nebulæ. There are many mechanical methods for the introduction of antiseptic nebulæ into the respiratory
Molecular diversity of heparan sulfate
Authors: Jeffrey D. Esko, Ulf Lindahl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Heparan sulfate proteoglycansHeparan sulfate (HS) appeared early in metazoan evolution.As such, many of the structural motifs (variably sulfated disaccharide subunits) that characterize HS (and heparin) were established early on and have been preserved in modern organisms.Thus, many of the biological functions associated with HS either occurred early in evolution or have depended on the subsequent evolution of the protein ligands that bind to the polysaccharide.Today, we know of literally hundreds of heparin-binding proteins, and many interactions have profound consequences in vertebrate and invertebrate physiology.This Perspective aims to provide an overview of HS structure, function, and biosynthesis and to set the stage for discussing the relationship between structure and function of these fascinating molecules and how altered HS biosynthesis and catabolism can lead to human disorders.
The Effectiveness of Prophylactic Inferior Vena Cava Filters in Trauma Patients
Authors: Elliott R. Haut, Luis J. Garcia, Hasan M. Shihab, Daniel J. Brotman, Kent A. Stevens, Ritu Sharma, Yohalakshmi Chelladurai, Tokunbo O. Akande, Kenneth M. Shermock, Sosena Kebede, Jodi B. Segal, Sonal Singh
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

IMPORTANCETrauma is known to be one of the strongest risk factors for pulmonary embolism (PE).Current guidelines recommend low-molecular-weight heparin therapy for prevention of PE, but trauma places some patients at risk of excess bleeding.Experts are divided on the role of prophylactic inferior vena cava (IVC) filters to prevent PE.OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the comparative effectiveness of prophylactic IVC filters in trauma patients, particularly in preventing PE, fatal PE, and mortality.DATA SOURCES We searched the following databases for primary studies: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, clinicaltrial.gov, and the Cochrane Library (all through July 31, 2012).We developed a search strategy using medical subject headings terms and text words of key articles that we identified a priori.We reviewed the references of all included articles, relevant review articles, and related systematic reviews to identify articles the database searches might have missed.STUDY SELECTION We reviewed titles followed by abstracts to identify randomized clinical trials or observational studies with comparison groups reporting on the effectiveness and/or safety of IVC filters for prevention of venous thromboembolism in trauma patients.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and abstracted data.For studies amenable to pooling with meta-analysis, we pooled using the random-effects model to analyze the relative risks.We graded the quantity, quality, and consistency of the evidence by adapting an evidence-grading scheme recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. RESULTSEight controlled studies compared the effectiveness of no IVC filter vs IVC filter on PE, fatal PE, deep vein thrombosis, and/or mortality in trauma patients.Evidence showed a consistent reduction of PE (relative risk, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.06-0.70];I 2 = 0%) and fatal PE (0.09 [0.01-0.81];I 2 = 0%) with IVC filter placement, without any statistical heterogeneity.We found no significant difference in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (relative risk, 1.76 [95% CI, 0.50-6.19];P = .38;I 2 = 56.8%)or mortality (0.70 [0.40-1.23];I 2 = 6.7%).The number needed to treat to prevent 1 additional PE with IVC filters is estimated to range from 109 (95% CI, 93-190) to 962 (819-2565), depending on the baseline PE risk. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThe strength of evidence is low but supports the association of IVC filter placement with a lower incidence of PE and fatal PE in trauma patients.Which patients experience benefit enough to outweigh the harms associated with IVC filter placement remains unclear.Additional well-designed observational or prospective cohort studies may be informative.
A CASE OF HYPERTROPHY OF THE BRAIN.
Authors: JAMES. H. HABERLIN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —Matthew B., aged 2, born in U. S. <h3>Family History.</h3> —The father, an alcoholic, emotional and excitable, died just after patient's birth, aged 52. Two years before the patient's birth, the father had a painless, non-itching eruption on his legs, thorax and abdomen, and at the same time lost most of his hair and complained of lancinating pains in his head and extremities. The mother was 35 years old when the patient was born. She has always worked hard, always drunk alcoholic stimulants and, of late years, to excess. She married at 18 years of age and has seven living children and one abortion. The second child was born at eight months, lived five hours, and died in convulsions. The fourth born, now eleven years old, is a high-grade imbecile. The abortion was probably due to syphilis. <h3>Previous History.</h3> —The patient, the last born child, was delivered with forceps.
Identification and Importance of Brown Adipose Tissue in Adult Humans
Authors: Aaron M. Cypess, Sanaz Lehman, Gethin Williams, Ilan Tal, Dean Rodman, Allison B. Goldfine, Frank C. Kuo, Edwin L. Palmer, Yu-Hua Tseng, Alessandro Doria, Gerald M. Kolodny, C. Ronald Kahn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. In rodents and newborn humans, brown adipose tissue helps regulate energy expenditure by thermogenesis mediated by the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), but brown adipose tissue has been considered to have no physiologic relevance in adult humans.We analyzed 3640 consecutive (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron-emission tomographic and computed tomographic (PET-CT) scans performed for various diagnostic reasons in 1972 patients for the presence of substantial depots of putative brown adipose tissue. Such depots were defined as collections of tissue that were more than 4 mm in diameter, had the density of adipose tissue according to CT, and had maximal standardized uptake values of (18)F-FDG of at least 2.0 g per milliliter, indicating high metabolic activity. Clinical indexes were recorded and compared with those of date-matched controls. Immunostaining for UCP1 was performed on biopsy specimens from the neck and supraclavicular regions in patients undergoing surgery.Substantial depots of brown adipose tissue were identified by PET-CT in a region extending from the anterior neck to the thorax. Tissue from this region had UCP1-immunopositive, multilocular adipocytes indicating brown adipose tissue. Positive scans were seen in 76 of 1013 women (7.5%) and 30 of 959 men (3.1%), corresponding to a female:male ratio greater than 2:1 (P<0.001). Women also had a greater mass of brown adipose tissue and higher (18)F-FDG uptake activity. The probability of the detection of brown adipose tissue was inversely correlated with years of age (P<0.001), outdoor temperature at the time of the scan (P=0.02), beta-blocker use (P<0.001), and among older patients, body-mass index (P=0.007).Defined regions of functionally active brown adipose tissue are present in adult humans, are more frequent in women than in men, and may be quantified noninvasively with the use of (18)F-FDG PET-CT. Most important, the amount of brown adipose tissue is inversely correlated with body-mass index, especially in older people, suggesting a potential role of brown adipose tissue in adult human metabolism.
A Modification of Millin's Retropubic Prostatectomy
Authors: E. Coldrey
Journal: BMJ (1951)

found that the catheter glides in easily and painlessly with the minimum resistance at the external sphincter.This technique may seem elaborate and t:me- consuming, but it must be borne in mind that tha urethra is highly susceptible to infection, and minor sepsis may result in a long convalescence from a simple bladder operation or, at worst, an ascending renal in- fection.The time taken is well spent, as it diminishes the risk of failure, with its inevitable shattering of the morale of the patient.
Abuse of Spouses-Reply
Authors: Jane A. Petro
Journal: JAMA (1978)

It was not the intention of the authors to promulgate the idea that there is a correlation between justification for abuse and infidelity. It is unfortunate that this unclear language was not detected by us. In his letter to the<i>British Journal of Psychiatry</i>, Allan Alani in what I hope was a facetious manner implied that his faithful husbands did not deserve battering, but the battered wives he knew had been unfaithful. I agree with Ms Forney's comments that no such correlation is ethical or justifiable.
Relapse rate and long-term management of plaque psoriasis after treatment with photochemotherapy and dithranol.
Authors: D Vella Briffa, M W Greaves, A P Warin, S Rogers, J Marks, S Shuster
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The relapse rate of plaque psoriasis after initial clearing with the "Ingram" dithranol regimen or photochemotherapy was comparable when no maintenance treatment was given. It was estimated that psoriasis recurs to half of its pretreatment extent after about six months in half the patients. Maintenance treatment with photochemotherapy once a week or once every three weeks was useful in reducing the relapse rate. This study failed to show any statistical difference in relapse rates between these two maintenance schedules. If this finding turns out to be true over longer periods of study the maintenance schedule entailing treatment once every three weeks with its lower cumulative dose of long-wave ultraviolet light will clearly be preferable. The psoriasis in most patients was under better overall control with maintenance treatment than with intermittant clearing courses given when the extent of the psoriasis had become unacceptable to them. There was, however, a group of roughly one-fifth of patients who remained in satisfactory remission for over 16 months after initial clearing. Regular maintenance treatment was unnecessary in them. Much more information is needed on response to treatment in subgroups of patients to permit recognition from the start of which patients are likely to have long remission and which are not.
Inhaled gentamicin reduces airway neutrophil activity and mucus secretion in bronchiectasis.
Authors: H C Lin, H F Cheng, C H Wang, C Y Liu, C T Yu, H P Kuo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

To investigate whether aerosolized gentamicin (GM) prevents myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated airway injury and mucus hypersecretion, a short course of aerosol therapy (3 d) with GM 40 mg or 0.45% saline (saline) twice per day was conducted. Twenty-eight patients with bronchiectasis and mucus hypersecretion after adequate chest care and hydration were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind fashion. MPO levels in sputum collected on arising were determined by fluorometric assay at 655 nm before and after treatment. The sputum MPO level significantly decreased in patients receiving aerosolized GM, from 0.22 +/- 0.04 to 0.14 +/- 0.04 U/g (n = 15), but not in patients with saline inhalation (0.23 +/- 0.03 to 0.17 +/- 0.02 U/g; n = 11). The daily sputum amount significantly decreased from 94.6 +/- 21.6 to 58.1 +/- 17.8 ml (n = 13, p < 0.01) in the GM group, whereas it increased from 78.6 +/- 25.4 ml to 120.5 +/- 33.9 ml (n = 11, p < 0.05) in the saline group. The change in the amount of daily sputum was related to that in the sputum MPO level in the GM group (r = 0.61; p < 0.01). Inhalation of GM, but not saline, significantly (p < 0.05) increased the value of peak expiratory flow (PEF) from 186.4 +/- 25.1 to 216.4 +/- 26.4 L/min and decreased the variability of PEF from 24.6 +/- 5.1 to 6.1 +/- 2.3 %. The nocturnal desaturation and the 6-min walking distances were also significantly improved in the GM group (11.2 +/- 3.8 to 0.6 +/- 0.5 min/h; 324.9 +/- 43.1 to 408.1 +/- 25.9 m; p < 0.05; respectively), but not in the saline group. Subjective improvements in the Borg scale and self-sputum assessment were found in the GM group only. In conclusion, aerosolized GM is effective in improving airway hypersecretion and inflammation in patients with bronchiectasis.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AORTIC DISSECTION IN PATIENTS WITH BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE: INSIGHTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRY OF ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION (IRAD)
Authors: Rossella Fattori, Eric M. Isselbacher, Christoph A. Nienaber, James B. Froehlich, Arturo Evangelista, James L. Januzzi, Craig Strauss, Guillaume Jondeau, Jeanna V. Cooper, Daniel G. Montgomery, Elise M. Woznicki, Kristian Bartnes, Toru Suzuki, Alan C. Braverman, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
THE CELLULAR ANTIGENS OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Armine T. Wilson, Grove G. Wiley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The immunoelectrophoretic characteristics of the known cellular antigens of serotype 17, Group A streptococci have been presented. These include C, M, T, and polyglycerophosphate. In addition, three hitherto undescribed antigens of serotype 17 have been encountered. The F antigen occurs in most serotype 17 strains, has a faster electrophoretic mobility than M, appears in acid, distilled water, and other extracts of harvested cells, is released from the cells in large quantity into the culture medium during growth when the pH is maintained at 7.3 or over, is probably protein in nature, and may play a minor role in mouse virulence of serotype 17 strains. Its antibodies do not confer bactericidal power on human blood. The E antigen is serotype-specific and is closely associated with the M antigen. The suggestion is made here that E is a part of the M molecule, acquiring independent electrophoretic mobility when separated from the rest of the M molecule by acid hydrolysis and carrying an antigenic determinant serologically distinct from the determinant on the rest of the M molecule. E can be recognized only by immunoelectrophoresis. Its role, if any, in virulence has not been established. The third antigen, E4, is a non-serotype-specific antigen found in most serological groups and types of hemolytic streptococci. It is serologically related to polyglycerophosphate, but its chemical nature has not been determined. It appears to be unrelated to virulence.
JOHN HUNTER ON VENEREAL DISEASE
Authors: P. I. Nixon
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —At this time, when so much recognition is being given to specificity and selective localization of bacteria, it is of interest to know that John Hunter in 1786 had this to say in "A Treatise on the Venereal Disease": There are some parts much more susceptible of specific disease than others. Poisons take their different seats in the body as if allotted for them. Thus we have the skin attacked with what are vulgarly called scorbutic eruptions, and many other diseases; it is also the seat of the small-pox and the measles; the throat is the seat of the hydrophobia and the hooping-cough. The scofula attacks the absorbent system, especially the glands. The breasts, testicles, and the conglomerate glands are the seat of cancer. The skin, throat, and nose, are more readily affected by the lues venerea than the bones and periosteum, which, on the other hand,
Overexpression of a hematopoietic transcriptional regulator EDAG induces myelopoiesis and suppresses lymphopoiesis in transgenic mice
Authors: C-Y Li, Y-Q Zhan, W Li, C-W Xu, W-X Xu, D-H Yu, R-Y Peng, Y-F Cui, X Yang, N Hou, Y-H Li, B Dong, H-B Sun, X-M Yang
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
846 ATP RELEASE AFTER PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY REGULATES LIVER REGENERATION
Authors: E. Gonzales, B. Julien, V. Serrière-Lanneau, A. Nicou, I. Doignon, L. Lagoudakis, I. Garcin, D. Azoulay, J.-C. Duclos-Vallée, D. Castaing, D. Samuel, A. Hernandez-Garcia, S. Awad, L. Combettes, S. Thevananther, T. Tordjmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Gut injury in mouse graft-versus-host reaction. Study of its occurrence and mechanisms.
Authors: D Guy-Grand, P Vassalli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The occurrence, nature, and pathogenesis of intestinal lesions were studied in a number of graft vs. host reaction (GVHR) conditions in mice, combining variations in the nature of the following: the F1 hosts (newborn or adult, normal or lethally irradiated), the injected parental T cells (mixed or selected subsets of Lyt2+ or L3T4+ cells), and the antigenic stimulus (semi-allogeneic or restricted to class I or II MHC loci). The following conclusions were drawn: Three gut alterations are always associated: donor T cell infiltration, predominating in the crypt region; acceleration of the epithelium renewal; and increased epithelial Ia expression. The initial event is T-cell infiltration, which results from stimulation within the Peyer patches followed by cyclic traffic, i.e., migration into the thoracic duct and then seeding to the whole gut mucosa. Both Lyt2+ and L3T4+ cells can infiltrate the gut wall, the extent of the infiltration by a given subset depending upon the capacity of the donor blasts to circulate in the thoracic duct (higher for L3T4+) and then to home in the gut (much higher for Lyt2+ blasts) and the nature of the alloantigenic stimulation that governs the extent of each donor subset proliferation. Both donor T-cell subsets can induce gut epithelial damage, but for a comparable amount of infiltrating cells, L3T4+ cells induce more lesions. When the antigenic stimulation is restricted to class I or class I MHC loci, gut GVHR is much more easily elicited across class II MHC differences, which stimulate preferentially L3T4+ donor cells. The main mechanism of epithelial damage is not direct cytotoxicity, but more probably lymphokine(s) release.
Biomedical Research in an Age of Austerity
Authors: Hamilton Moses III, E. Ray Dorsey
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relation of Staphylococcus Pyogenes to Infantile Diarrhoea and Vomiting
Authors: G. Martyn
Journal: BMJ (1949)

BRoH between 20% and 30%.While the present report was in progress another was published (Frazer, 1948) which is salutary to all who had been achieving rates of about 10%, for in Belfast the commendably low figure of under 3% was reached.So far as can be ascertained the criteria of infection used by each observer were similar to those employed at Cambridge.It will be appreciated from Table III that eye infections are usually the most prevalent and skin infections next so.However, Frazer's figures and those of Unit B show skin TABLE III.-Records of Neoniatal Infection
Book Review Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Assessment and Management Edited by Cindy L. Schwartz, Wendy L. Hobbie, Louis S. Constine, and Kathleen S. Ruccione. 413 pp., illustrated. St. Louis, Mosby, 1994. $45. 0-8016-6521-3
Authors: Cynthia S. Kretschmar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
Increased serum nitrate levels in infants with atopic dermatitis
Authors: S. Taniuchi, T. Kojima, K. Hara Mt, A. Yamamoto, M. Sasai, H. Takahashi, Y. Kobayashi
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is still unknown. A recent study has shown that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed in the atopic skin lesion, suggesting the involvement of nitric oxide in the skin inflammation of AD. The purpose of the study was to examine serum nitrate (NO 3 ) levels in relation to the disease severity in children with AD. Methods: Serum nitrate levels were assessed in relation to the skin scores in 88 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) (aged 0.4–8 years: mean±SD, 2.2±1.9, 41 boys and 47 girls) and 12 nonatopic children (aged 0.8–4 years: mean±SD, 1.8±0.9, seven boys and five girls). Results: Serum nitrate levels of patients with AD were significantly increased as compared to nonatopic controls and were also correlated with the disease severity. The skin scores were significantly correlated with serum nitrate levels as well as peripheral eosinophil counts. Conclusions: Our results indicate that nitric oxide may be involved in the pathogenesis of vasodilation and erythema in AD skin.
Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Characteristics of Intermediate Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Jessica N. Leuschen, Stefanie G. Schuman, Katrina P. Winter, Michelle N. McCall, Wai T. Wong, Emily Y. Chew, Thomas Hwang, Sunil Srivastava, Neeru Sarin, Traci Clemons, Molly Harrington, Cynthia A. Toth
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
872-2 Upgrade from standard right sided pacing to cardiac resynchronization therapy shows clinical benefit as in de novo implantation
Authors: Salpy V Pamboukian, Imran Nisar, Sheetal Patel, Liping Gu, Mary McLeod, Stephanie Dunlap, Richard Trohman, Maria Rosa Costanzo, Alain Heroux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Tennis Players and Eye Injuries-Reply
Authors: Morton H. Seelenfreund
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The patients described in our article did return to playing tennis, although somewhat hesitantly at first. However, after a few months they were playing fairly regularly again. A few of the patients did begin to wear eye protection such as the device shown in the article. Others decided not to wear any sort of protective device at all. We have encouraged all of them to wear either impact resistant glasses or some other type of eye-protective device in order to prevent another injury. We are hopeful that more players will wear these protective devices, so that the number of injuries will be kept to a minimum.