tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Role of Data Audits in Detecting Scientific Misconduct-Reply
Authors: Robert P. Charrow
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Heersink insists that, when audits have raised serious questions about misconduct in investigational drug research, the physician should be "presumed innocent until proved guilty" and "should not be stripped of his or her livelihood and reputation" by arbitrary bureaucratic judgment. We agree that investigators should not be subject to disciplinary action without due process of law. Constitutional rights, though, cannot be applied in a vacuum. This is especially true of due process, which requires a careful balancing of the individual and societal interests at stake. Thus, the process that is due an individual, including the nature and timing of any hearing, will be a function of such factors as the type of rights arguably implicated by the proposed governmental action and the danger to society if prompt governmental action is not taken. Where the rights are minimal and the public health is imperiled, government has an obligation
Latex hypersensitivity: relationship with positive prick test and patch test responses among hairdressers
Authors: E. Nettis, P. Dambra, A. L. Soccio, A. Ferrannini, A. Tursi
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Natural rubber latex is a frequent cause of IgE‐mediated allergy in hairdressers; but a non‐IgE‐mediated allergy to latex proteins can also occur. Sixty‐one hairdressers, reporting latex glove‐related symptoms, were enrolled in the study. Methods: They were evaluated for latex allergy by assessment of serum specific IgE and skin prick tests. Patients were patch tested to a rubber additive series and to latex. Proportions were compared by one‐tailed Fisher's exact test; mean values of continuous variables were compared by Student's t ‐test. Results: A diagnosis of IgE‐mediated latex allergy was made in 11 (18%) hairdressers; patch tests with rubber‐related antigens were positive in 24 (39.3%) subjects. The most positive patch tests were those with para ‐phenylenediamine (33%). Two hairdressers (3.3%) showed delayed reactions to the latex sample. Hairdressers with IgE‐mediated latex allergy were older and presented a personal history of atopy and local hives after exposure to latex; they were more likely to have a positive response to other allergens on prick or patch testing. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a certain number of false‐positive and false‐negative results when reported symptoms of possible latex sensitivity were compared to prick and CAP tests to latex, indicating the problems of relying solely on self‐report.
Commentary: No risk, no objections? Ethical pitfalls of cell-free fetal DNA and RNA testing
Authors: D. Schmitz, W. Henn, C. Netzer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

At first glance, the prospect of achieving a definite prenatal diagnosis with no obvious procedure related risks is compelling. Implementation of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis will save the lives of healthy fetuses that would have been lost as a rare “side effect” of established invasive procedures like amniocentesis. But, as Wright and Chitty are well aware, a closer look shows that this technique may have “side effects” of a different kind, most importantly problems with autonomy.

From an ethical point of view, the main justification for prenatal diagnosis is to support the reproductive autonomy of the pregnant woman or couple, because the typical goal of …
Evaluating the Evidence of Replication for Genetic Associations With Schizophrenia
Authors: Laura C. Lazzeroni
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Evaluation of a New Antihypertensive Agent
Authors: Mary Ellen Kosman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Minoxidil is a potent, long-acting, orally effective vasodilator that recently became available for general use in the United States. It is given with a diuretic and a beta-blocking drug to treat severe hypertension that cannot be controlled by conventional therapy. Fluid retention and hypertrichosis are the most common adverse reactions.
Hydatid false positive serological test results in malignancy.
Authors: F K Dar, M A Buhidma, S A Kidwai
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The mechanism for the air in the mediastinum is suggested as being due to rupture of marginal pulmonary alveoli, allowing the development of pulmonary interstitial emphysema.This then tracks through the fascial planes at the lung hilum, and from there into the mediastinum and neck.There was no obvious underlying lung disease in our patient, and no further investigations were indicated.His lymphocytosis may have been secondary to a coryzal illness from which he was recovering at the time; upper respiratory tract infections have been associated with this condition.4The relatively benign course and rapid recovery shown by the patient was in keeping with the findings of others,5 and recurrence is very unusual.4We thank Dr G Terry for permission to report this case.
Video assessment of simple respiratory signs
Authors: M. English, L. New, N. Peshu, K. Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Past neglect of unconvicted mentally ill prisoners has led to further violent offending after release * We conducted a survey of the point prevalence of psychiatric disorder in men remanded in custody in England and Wales and assessed their treatment needs * A diagnosis of psychiatric disorder was made in 63% of those surveyed, including 5% with psychosis * Over half of these prisoners were judged to have an immediate treatment need-most could be treated inside prison, but 9% needed transfer to a psychiatric bed outside prison * By extrapolation, the remand population probably contains about 680 men who need transfer to hospital for psychiatric treatment, including about 380 with serious mental illness * Prison treatment facilities for unconvicted prisoners need substantial expansion emphasised that the figure of 526 is a minimum.Our assessments were brief, and more detailed examination would probably reveal higher levels of morbidity.In its strategy for health the government has identified mental illness as a priority,20 and there is particular con- cern about mentally disordered offenders.Remand pris- ons contain an important pool of unmet need.On the grounds ofhumanity and public safety, it is unacceptable that mental disorder in this readily accessible group of offenders should go undetected or untreated.We thank the prison staff, who made it possible to carry out the survey, and the prisoners themselves, who agreed to be interviewed at a time when their lives were in turmoil.
On Some of the Difficulties in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Mental Diseases
Authors: C. M. Burnett
Journal: BMJ (1860)

in that now under consideration, althouglh some portions of the absorbent ganglia have been strictly tuberculous.The general ol)servations already offered regarding the frequency, etc., of this form of enlargement, uinder a different plhase, are equally applicable to that now un(der consideration; wlhile the various pathological changes wvhiclh are apt to ensue at the different periods at whichl the affection makes its appearance are, as will ha presenitly explained, dependent on various circumstances, botlh constitutional and local.
Determinants of Gastroesophageal Junction Incompetence: Hiatal Hernia, Lower Esophageal Sphincter, or Both?
Authors: Sheldon Sloan, Alfred W. Rademaker, Peter J. Kahrilas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To examine the effects of hiatal hernia and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure on the competence of the gastroesophageal junction under conditions of abrupt increases in intra-abdominal pressure. Design: Acute experiments. Setting: University-hospital-based gastroenterology practice. Participants: Sixteen asymptomatic volunteers and 34 patients with endoscopic findings suggestive of hiatal hernia. Intervention: A series of eight provocative maneuvers entailing abrupt changes in intra-abdominal pressure. Measurements: Five radiographic measurements relevant to the presence and extent of hiatal hernia were made from videotaped barium-swallow examinations. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure was measured immediately before each maneuver. The percentage of maneuvers that resulted in gastroesophageal reflux was calculated as the reflux score. A stepwise regression analysis was then used to model the relation between measured variables of the gastroesophageal junction (manometric and radiographic) with reflux score. Results: Patients with hiatal hernia had substantially higher reflux scores and lower LES pressures than either patients without hernias or volunteers. In diminishing order of significance, the terms in the model of susceptibility to reflux were axial length of hernia measured between swallows; LES pressure; and an interaction term in which a progressive increase occurred in the risk for reflux associated with a hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter as hernia size increased. Conclusions: Gastroesophageal junction competence during abrupt increases in intra-abdominal pressure is compromised by both hiatal hernia and low LES pressure. These factors interact with each other to determine susceptibility to reflux.
The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 16 October, 1834
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
C reactive protein concentrations during long distance running.
Authors: A F Strachan, T D Noakes, G Kotzenberg, A E Nel, F C de Beer
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Long distance runners competing in events ranging from 15 to 88 km showed a distance related acute phase response as indicated by significantly raised serum C reactive protein concentrations. In trained athletes only a small rise in C reactive protein concentrations was seen after races of less than 21 km. After an 88 km ultramarathon concentrations comparable to those found in patients with small myocardial infarctions were detected. Indomethacin did not affect the increases in C reactive protein after the ultramarathon. This study has established serial C reactive protein concentrations for given race distances. These data may help in diagnosing myocardial infarction during long distance running. The acute phase response should be measured in untrained people running shorter distances to provide comparative data for the physically untrained population.
The Additional Value of Visual Findings in Captopril-Enhanced Renal Scintigraphy with Tc-99m MAG3
Authors: MATTHEW J. FLEISHMAN, ROBIN L. GREENSPAN, RONALD L. VAN HEERTUM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Captopril-enhanced renal scintigraphy has become an important tool in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. The evaluation of these studies typically is based on a quantitative analysis of changes in renal radiotracer handling after angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. The use of mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) in these studies offers the optimum photon energy and high photon yield of a Tc-99m label with efficient renal extraction of tracer by tubular secretion. These qualities of Tc-99m MAG3 combine to produce high-resolution scintigraphic images that may supply additional valuable diagnostic information by visual assessment of the scintigraphic data. A series of cases illustrating the value of these visual findings is presented.
Which is to blame: Instrumental rationality, or common knowledge?
Authors: Matt Jones, Jun Zhang
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Normative analysis in game-theoretic situations requires assumptions regarding players' expectations about their opponents. Although the assumptions entailed by the principle of common knowledge are often violated, available empirical evidence – including focal point selection and violations of backward induction – may still be explained by instrumentally rational agents operating under certain mental models of their opponents.
Trends in Enzyme Therapy for Phenylketonuria
Authors: Woomi Kim, Heidi Erlandsen, Sankar Surendran, Raymond C. Stevens, Stephen K. Tyring, Reuben Matalon, Alejandra Gamez, Kimberlee Michols-Matalon
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of amino acid metabolism caused by phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency. Dietary treatment has been the cornerstone for controlling systemic phenylalanine (Phe) levels in PKU for the past 4 decades. Over the years, it has become clear that blood Phe concentration needs to be controlled for the life of the patient, a difficult task taking into consideration that the diet becomes very difficult to maintain. Therefore alternative models of therapy are being pursued. This review describes the progress made in enzyme replacement therapy for PKU. Two modalities are discussed, PAH and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase PAH. Developing stable and functional forms of both enzymes has proven difficult, but recent success in producing polyethylene glycol-modified forms of active and stable PAH shows promise.
NOTICE FROM THE REGISTRATION COMMITTEE.
Authors: David Inglis
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The Registration Committee is exceedingly disappointed to be obliged to give up the plan of registering by mail. It was believed that by that plan the members would be saved a great annoyance and the work of the meeting of the Association very greatly facilitated. Accordingly the matter was brought to your notice inThe Journal, the necessary blanks printed and forwarded to Chicago. Arrangements had been made with the editor ofThe Journalby which it was agreed that an enclosure should be sent to each member two weeks before the meeting, but at the last moment it was found by the editor that the postal regulations made it impossible to send such enclosures. We regret the fact, but experience thus learned shows us that next year the plan can be carried out by making certain modifications. The accommodations for registration at Detroit will be made as complete as
Inflammation-induced plasticity of the afferent innervation of the airways.
Authors: M J Carr, B J Undem
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The activation of primary afferent neurons that innervate the airways leads to homeostatic and defensive reflexes. The anatomic and physiologic characteristics of these afferent fibers do not appear to be static properties but rather appear to change rapidly in response to inflammation. The threshold for activation of airway afferent neurons to various stimuli, for example, is not fixed; these fibers can be become sensitized during inflammation. A subset of nociceptive-like (C-fibers) airway afferent neurons not only participates in centrally mediated reflexes but is also thought to release neuropeptides at their peripheral terminals, leading to neurogenic inflammation. An increase in the content of tachykinins is commonly seen in inflamed tissues, and there is accumulating evidence that irritation and inflammation of the airways is associated with the induction of tachykinin synthesis in non-nociceptive airway afferent fibers that under normal conditions do not contain neuropeptides. The release of neurokinins from the peripheral terminals in the airways and their central terminals in the brain stem may contribute to the symptoms of inflammatory airway diseases. Elevated release of neurokinins from peripheral terminals may promote local inflammatory responses, and the release of neurokinins in the brainstem, together with inflammation-induced increases in the excitability of afferent fibers, may culminate in altered visceral autonomic reflex activity, changes in breathing pattern, and cough.
Preoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Authors: Richard P. Wenzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

POSTOPERATIVE wound infections affect at least 920,000 of the 23 million patients who undergo surgery each year in the United States.1 The rates of infection vary according to the procedure: less than 3 infections per 100 for clean procedures (i.e., those in which there is no violation of aseptic technique and the alimentary, respiratory, and genitourinary systems are not entered), up to 4 per 100 for clean—contaminated procedures (i.e., those in which these systems are entered but without spillage), and up to 9 per 100 for grossly contaminated procedures. For specific operations, such as cholecystectomy, the rate may be five . . .
Variations in Methadone Treatment Practices
Authors: Thomas D'Aunno
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the extent to which outpatient methadone maintenance treatment units are engaging in treatment practices that previous research indicates are ineffective (eg, inadequate dose levels); to examine factors that may be related to variation in methadone treatment practices. <h3>Design.</h3> —Survey of unit directors and clinical supervisors. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The study includes units that vary in terms of ownership (public, private for-profit, or private not-for-profit) and setting (eg, hospital-based, mental health center—based, or free-standing facility). <h3>Participants.</h3> —A national random sample of 172 units participated, for an 82% response rate; the data were weighted to ensure that they were nationally representative. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Clients' awareness of and influence on doses; units' use of take-home dosages; upper limits on doses; average dose levels; unit emphasis on decreasing dosages; time when clients are encouraged to detoxify; average length of treatment. <h3>Results.</h3> —The data indicate that many units have treatment practices such as low average dose levels that are not effective according to the majority of previous studies. Units with higher average dose levels have longer average lengths of time in treatment. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Steps should be taken to monitor and, if necessary, change the treatment practices of methadone units that are providing inadequate dose levels with little client input. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:253-258)
In disguise as an acute flare: an unusual differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease
Authors: J G Albert, F S Gittinger, M Hainz, C Lubbert
Journal: Gut (2009)

This 33-year-old man presented to our outpatient clinic with acute watery diarrhoea and abdominal cramps of 3 days duration suggesting an acute flare of Crohn’s disease. The disease had been diagnosed 3 years previously with terminal ileitis and was treated with temporary prednisolone and azathioprine …
Ischemia and Reperfusion Increases Susceptibility to Ventilator-induced Lung Injury in Rats
Authors: Ettore Crimi, Haibo Zhang, Robin N. N. Han, Lorenzo Del Sorbo, V.Marco Ranieri, Arthur S. Slutsky
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Objectives: Hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation (HSR) commonly triggers an inflammatory response that leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome.Hypothesis: HSR exacerbates mechanical stress–induced lung injury by rendering the lung more susceptible to ventilator-induced lung injury.Methods: Rats were subjected to HSR, and were randomized into an HSR + high tidal volume and zero positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or a HSR + low tidal volume with 5 cm H2O PEEP. A sham-operated rat + high tidal volume and zero PEEP served as a control.Results: HSR increased susceptibility to ventilator-induced lung injury as evidenced by an increase in lung elastance and the wet/dry ratio and a reduction in PaO2 as compared with the other groups. The lung injury observed in the HSR + high tidal volume group was associated with a higher level of interleukin 6 in the lung and blood, increased epithelial cell apoptosis in the kidney and small intestine villi, and a tendency toward high levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine in plasma.Conclusions: HSR priming renders the lung and kidney more susceptible to mechanical ventilation–induced organ injury.
Managing common symptoms of cerebral palsy in children
Authors: M. D. Sewell, D. M. Eastwood, N. Wimalasundera
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of insulin producing pancreatic β-cells. One of the genes associated with T1D is <i>TYK2,</i> which encodes a Janus kinase with critical roles in type-Ι interferon (IFN) mediated intracellular signaling. To study the role of TYK2 in human pancreatic β-cell development and response to IFNα, we generated <i>TYK2</i> knockout human iPSCs and directed them into the pancreatic endocrine lineage. Here we show that loss of TYK2 compromised the emergence of endocrine precursors by regulating KRAS expression while mature stem cell-islets (SC-islets) function was not affected. In the maturing SC-islets, the loss or inhibition of TYK2 prevented IFNα-induced antigen processing and presentation, including MHC Class Ι expression in pancreatic endocrine and progenitor cells. Furthermore, in a CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T-cell co-culture model, the survival of β-cells was enhanced by a selective TYK2 inhibitor. These results identify an unsuspected role for TYK2 on β-cell development and support TYK2 inhibition in adult β-cells as a potent therapeutic target to halt T1D progression.