tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Left fascicular blocks during right-heart catheterization using the Swan-Ganz catheter.
Authors: A Castellanos, A V Ramirez, A Mayorga-Cortes, K Pefkaros, J J Rozanski, C Sprung, R J Myerburg
Journal: Circulation (1981)

During insertion of Swan-Ganz catheters, mechanical right bundle branch block occurred in association with left posterior fascicular block in two patients and with left anterior fascicular block in two. None of the four patients had acute myocardial infarction or acute (spontaneous or iatrogenic) pulmonary disease. In two cases, electrophysiologic studies demonstrated the coexistence of intra- and infra-Hisian conduction delays and blocks. Although the right bundle branch block may have resulted from injury to the central or peripheral right branch, the left fascicular blocks could not be explained by direct trauma to these left-sided structures. Our findings support the recent clinical and experimental reports that show that left fascicular block (as well as right bundle branch block) may be due to lesions involving the His bundle; presumably because of longitudinal dissociation of this structure affecting the transverse interconnections. In one patient, 2:1 intra-Hisian block may have coexisted with bradycardia-dependent (phase 4) right bundle branch block. More studies are required to determine the implications of catheter-induced conduction disturbances in other clinical settings, such as acute myocardial infarction.
Mongolism in Three Siblings with 46 Chromosomes
Authors: Leonard Atkins, Mary Ann O'Sullivan, Charles V. Pryles, David A. Flory
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

PATIENTS with the clinical syndrome of mongolism have been shown to have 47 chromosomes instead of the 46 that are present in the normal human karyotype.1 2 3 The additional chromosome, a member of the small acrocentric group (Denver numbering system, Group 21–224), occurs as a result of failure of a pair of sister chromosomes to separate during meiosis; this process is called nondisjunction. Thus, patients with mongolism are trisomic for one of the pairs in Group 21–22. The difficulty in distinguishing pair No. 21 from 22 has recently been emphasized by Ferguson-Smith and Handmaker,5 who believe that the "mongol" chromosome . . .
Clinical aspects: preliminary experience with a novel oral formulatin of cyclosporin (Neoral®)
Authors: J. BERTH-JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Clinical aspects: preliminary experience with a novel oral formulatin of cyclosporin (Neoral®) Get access J. BERTH‐JONES J. BERTH‐JONES Department of Dermatology. Walsgrave Hospital, Coventry, U.K. Dr J.Berth‐Jones, Department of Dermatology, Walsgrave Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue s48, 1 September 1996, Pages 5–8, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb00702.x Published: 01 September 1996
Management of Gout
Authors: Robert H. Shmerling
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Gout is an ancient disease. Despite significant advances in the understanding of its risk factors, etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment, millions of people with gout experience repeated attacks of acute arthritis and other complications. The incidence of gout is increasing, most likely reflecting increasing rates of obesity and other lifestyle factors, including diet. Comorbid conditions that often accompany gout, including chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus, present challenges for the management of gout. Using the case of Mr R, a 57-year-old man with a history of podagra, hyperuricemia, and mild renal insufficiency, the diagnosis and treatment of gout are discussed. For those with moderate to severe gout, urate-lowering treatment can eliminate acute attacks of arthritis and prevent complications. In the near future, it is likely that new risk factors for gout will be identified and new ways of preventing and managing this common disease will become available.
Gold and penicillamine
Authors: I. Tautz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

<h3>Summary</h3> The precisionFDA Truth Challenge V2 aimed to assess the state-of-the-art of variant calling in difficult-to-map regions and the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Starting with FASTQ files, 20 challenge participants applied their variant calling pipelines and submitted 64 variant callsets for one or more sequencing technologies (~35X Illumina, ~35X PacBio HiFi, and ~50X Oxford Nanopore Technologies). Submissions were evaluated following best practices for benchmarking small variants with the new GIAB benchmark sets and genome stratifications. Challenge submissions included a number of innovative methods for all three technologies, with graph-based and machine-learning methods scoring best for short-read and long-read datasets, respectively. New methods out-performed the 2016 Truth Challenge winners, and new machine-learning approaches combining multiple sequencing technologies performed particularly well. Recent developments in sequencing and variant calling have enabled benchmarking variants in challenging genomic regions, paving the way for the identification of previously unknown clinically relevant variants.
Transmission Patterns of Cardiac Murmurs
Authors: Robert F. Castle
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Aknowledge of blood flow pathways within the heart and great vessels is extremely useful in understanding the transmission patterns of cardiac murmurs. This is true because murmurs are maximally transmitted along the direction of flow of the jet or column of blood associated with their production. This observation is in keeping with the newer vortex-shedding theory of murmur genesis and less consistent with the older turbulence theory of murmur production (Fig 1).<sup>1-3</sup> Turbulence represents a breakdown of laminar flow and is associated with random movement of fluid particles. Although turbulent flow regularly occurs in the cardiovascular system, the energy levels involved are rarely, if ever, capable of producing audible sound. Also, the turbulence theory fails to account for other characteristics of murmurs, such as their variation in pitch and intensity. Vortex shedding involves the formation of vortices or eddies which arise as a column of fluid passes an obstruction.
Neuropeptide S-Mediated Control of Fear Expression and Extinction: Role of Intercalated GABAergic Neurons in the Amygdala
Authors: Kay Jüngling, Thomas Seidenbecher, Ludmila Sosulina, Jörg Lesting, Susan Sangha, Stewart D. Clark, Naoe Okamura, Dee M. Duangdao, Yan-Ling Xu, Rainer K. Reinscheid, Hans-Christian Pape
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Sports and exercise safety in finland (LiVE): a nationwide implementation case
Authors: K Pasanen, A-M Jussila, P Kannus, H Hiilloskorpi, J Parkkari
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Sports injuries are the most common injury type in Finland. The Sports and Exercise Safety in Finland (LiVE) program started in 2006, and is financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Culture and the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. Objectives The aim of the program is to increase safety of sports and exercise in a nationwide setting. Methods LiVE research projects are carried out in Tampere Research Centre of Sports Medicine. Epidemiology and prevention of sports injuries are in focus on the studies. Results are spread to the field by two campaigns, Healthy Athlete (TU) and Safety in School Sports (TEKO). The target group of the TU is young athletes, their coaches and parents. The target group of the TEKO is secondary school students, their teachers and parents. LiVE program educates annually LiVE-instructors who work in different operational environments. The 1-year education is directed for coaches, physical therapists, PE teachers and PE instructors. Educated LiVE-instructors uses a four-step-approach to prevent injuries: 1) Survey in a target group, 2) Analyses and planning, 3) Implementation, and 4) Evaluation. Results Two large randomised controlled trials have been carried through. Also, numerous original studies of sports injury epidemiology have been published. Results have been spread to the field by education and communication. Today, overall 55 LiVE-instructors work in different organisations (eg, sports federations, sports clubs, schools). In addition, the program has appeared annually in about 30 different sports and school events. LiVE website has attracted 4000–6000 visitors and 40,000–60,000 hits per month. Conclusion Implementation of preventive strategies against sports injuries will result in a reduction of the number of health problems and work or school absenteeism, as well as a clear decrease in the medical costs. Essential results of the LiVE program will be expressed within five to 10 years.
Iron-induced esophageal ulceration
Authors: M. Areia, R. Gradiz, P. Souto, E. Camacho, M. Silva, N. Almeida, A. Rosa, M. Xavier da Cunha, M. Leitão
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Esophageal inflammation or ulceration is a well recognized side-effect of some oral medications, especially nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory or potassium chloride tablets. A similar injury can be induced by iron but endoscopically detected lesions are rarely reported [1] [2].
Sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Olivier Chosidow, Martine Bagot, Jean-Paul Vernant, Jean-Claude Roujeau, Catherine Cordonnier, Mathieu Kuentz, Janine Wechsler, Chantal André, René Touraine, Jean Revuz
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1992)
Glucosylceramides stimulate murine epidermal hyperproliferation.
Authors: N L Marsh, P M Elias, W M Holleran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Hydrolysis of glucosylceramides (GlcCer) by beta-glucocerebrosidase generates ceramides, critical components of the epidermal permeability barrier. Ceramides also are involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation in a variety of cell types. Whereas most studies have focused on ceramides and their sphingoid base metabolites as growth inhibitors, GlcCer apparently acts oppositely (i.e., as a mitogen). To determine whether enhancement of GlcCer content stimulates epidermal mitogenesis, we examined the response of hairless mouse epidermis to alterations in endogenous and/or exogenous GlcCer. Topical applications of conduritol B epoxide, a specific irreversible inhibitor of beta-glucocerebrosidase, increased epidermal GlcCer levels twofold, an alteration localized largely to the basal, proliferative cell layer (fourfold increase); and stimulated epidermal proliferation (2.3-fold elevation in [3H]thymidine incorporation; P < or = 0.001), localized autoradiographically again to the basal layer, and resulting in epidermal hyperplasia. Intracutaneous administration of GlcCer (2.0 mg) also stimulated epidermal DNA synthesis, while simultaneous treatment with conduritol B epoxide plus GlcCer resulted in an additive increase in DNA synthesis. These increases in epidermal proliferation could not be attributed either to altered epidermal permeability barrier function, or to nonspecific irritant effects, as determined by four separate criteria. These results strongly suggest that GlcCer directly stimulates epidermal mitogenesis.
False-positive direct fluorescent antibody testing for Legionella
Authors: D. A. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) testing of lung tissue or respiratory tract secretions has proved to be an expedient, reliable means for establishing the diagnosis of legionnaires' disease. The specificity of the DFA test on sputum is about 95% using the polyvalent reagent supplied by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta. 1 False-positives with DFA have been described in cases wherein filter water and/or reagents for rinsing contain Legionella . 2 False-positive cross-reactions have been reported with isolates of Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium- xanthomonas group, and Bacteroides fragilis . 3 We have observed two separate instances when Hemophilus influenzae in the sputum cross-reacted with pool C of the polyvalent assay ( Legionella bozemanii, Legionella micadadei, Legionella gormanii , and Legionella longbeachae ), resulting in 4+ fluorescence (≥5 bacilli per high-power field, magnification × 1,000) consistent with the CDC criteria for a positive test result. Sputum for culture and monovalent DFA test results were
COMPARISON OF SECOND-GENERATION DRUG-ELUTING STENT WITH FIRST-GENERATION DRUG-ELUTING STENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF LEFT MAIN AND/OR THREE-VESSEL DISEASE
Authors: Norihiro Kobayashi, Toshiya Muramatsu, Reiko Tsukahara, Yoshiaki Ito, Hiroshi Ishimori, keisuke hirano, Masatsugu Nakano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Henry Schneiderman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1986Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Mitral Valve ProlapseHENRY SCHNEIDERMAN, M.D.HENRY SCHNEIDERMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-1-142_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Kaye's recent update on prophylaxis against infective endocarditis (1) is well considered and practical. One suggestion therein deserves further exploration: the possible limiting of prophylaxis to those patients with mitral valve prolapse having a holosystolic murmur. Presumably, this proposal assumes that only holosystolic murmurs indicate mitral regurgitation and thereby the predisposition to infection (2). However, the literatures on physical diagnosis and on mitral prolapse (3-5) argue that mitral regurgitation occurs even in patients and cycles having only a late systolic murmur. In these instances, the valve is competent early in systole but "leaks" at end systole....References1. KAYE D. Prophylaxis for infective endocarditis: an update. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:419-23. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WEINSTEINSCHLESINGER LJ. Pathoanatomic, pathophysiologic and clinical correlations in endocarditis. N Engl J Med. 1974;291:832-7, 1122-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SELZER A. Nonrheumatic mitral regurgitation. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis. 1979;48:25-30. Google Scholar4. JERESATY R. Mitral Valve Prolapse. New York: Raven Press; 1979:47-52. Google Scholar5. CRISCITIELLO M. Physiologic and pharmacologic aids in cardiac auscultation. In: FOWLER NO, ed. Cardiac Diagnosis and Treatment. 3rd ed. Hagerstown, Maryland: Harper and Row, Publishers; 1980:77-90. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT 06032 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1986Volume 105, Issue 1Page: 142-142KeywordsAntimicrobialsEndocarditisMitral insufficiencyMitral valve prolapseProphylaxisSystoleSystolic ejection murmur Issue Published: 1 July 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Association Between Oral Contraceptives and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Howard W. Ory
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Analysis of the association between oral contraceptive use and the development of myocardial infarction in women less than 50 years of age shows that cigarette smoking is the most important factor in increasing the likelihood of myocardial infarction. This effect is independent of oral contraceptive use but oral contraceptive use also appears to be a risk factor; however, their use in the absence of other predisposing factors appears to have only a small effect on increasing the risk of dying from myocardial infarction. This small increase is of the same order of magnitude as the increased risk of death from thromboembolic disease. Oral contraceptive users more than 30 years of age who have other factors that increase the likelihood of myocardial infarction appear to have a substantially higher death rate. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2619-2622, 1977)
Germ-Line Genetic Variation in the Key Androgen-Regulating Genes <i>Androgen Receptor, Cytochrome P450</i>, and <i>Steroid-5-α-Reductase Type 2</i> Is Important for Prostate Cancer Development
Authors: Sara Lindström, Fredrik Wiklund, Hans-Olov Adami, Katarina Augustsson Bälter, Jan Adolfsson, Henrik Grönberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Prostate cancer risk may be influenced by single genetic variants in the hormone-regulating genes androgen receptor (AR), cytochrome P450 (CYP17), and steroid-5-α-reductase type 2 (SRD5A2). In this study, we comprehensively investigated polymorphisms in these three loci and their joint effect in a large population-based study. We selected 23 haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNP) that could uniquely describe &amp;gt;95% of the haplotypes (6 in AR, 6 in CYP17, and 11 in SRD5A2). These htSNPs were then genotyped in the Cancer Prostate in Sweden population (2,826 case subjects and 1,705 controls). We observed significant association for several SNPs in the AR gene (P = 0.004-0.02) and CYP17 (P = 0.009-0.05) and one SNP in SRD5A2 (P = 0.02). Carriers of the most common AR haplotype had a significant excess risk to develop prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR), 1.25; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.1-1.5; P = 0.002], yielding an estimated population attributable risk of 16% (95% CI, 0.06-0.25). Combining risk alleles from these genes yielded a 12% risk increase for each additional high-risk allele carried (95% CI, 1.1-1.2; P for trend = 9.2 × 10−5), with an overall OR of 1.87 (95% CI, 1.0-3.4) for carriers of all five included risk alleles, an OR of 2.13 (P for trend = 8 × 10−4) for advanced disease, and an OR of 4.35 (P for trend = 7 × 10−5) for disease onset before age 65 years. Genetic variation in key genes in the androgen pathway is important for development of prostate cancer and may account for a considerable proportion of all prostate cancers. Carriers of five high-risk alleles in the AR, CYP17, and SRD5A2 genes are at ∼2-fold excess risk to develop prostate cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 11077-83)
An assessment of the augmented histamine test in the diagnosis of peptic ulcer: Correlations between gastric secretion, age and sex of patients, and site and nature of the ulcer
Authors: J. H. Baron
Journal: Gut (1963)

Patients with peptic ulcer, radiologically negative dyspepsia, and gastric carcinoma have been studied with the modified augmented histamine test described in the previous paper. For each disease a range of values is presented and compared with the normal range, taking account of age and sex. The test may be of diagnostic value because comparison of an observed result with the ranges presented may show that a disorder, for example duodenal ulcer, is almost certainly present or almost certainly not present. Thus, in duodenal ulcer about half the values of peak acid output were above the normal range, and there was a threshold figure for peak acid output below which patients with duodenal ulcer were not found. There was a gradient for peak acid output in patients with ulcers at different sites so that ulcers in the body of the stomach < near the angulus < prepyloric < duodenal ulcers. Normal acid output did not exclude carcinoma of the stomach. Abnormally high basal or peak acid output in patients with dyspepsia but negative barium meals may suggest the presence of peptic ulceration.
Early Endoscopic Diagnosis of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: David Katz, Peter Douvres, Herbert Weisberg, William McKinnon, George B. Jerzy Glass
Journal: JAMA (1964)

One hundred fifty consecutive admissions to a metropolitan hospital center for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, were evaluated by emergency esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in a prospective study of the etiology of bleeding episodes. In 81 instances, the diagnosis was established by endoscopy alone—45 by gastroscopy and 36 by esophagoscopy. An acute gastric lesion (acute erosive gastritis or acute gastric ulcer) was the bleeding source 39 times, duodenal ulcer 29 times, esophageal varices 28 times, and chronic gastric ulcer 6 times, while 28 episodes remained undiagnosed. Chronic peptic ulcer (duodenal chronic gastric and marginal) was the bleeding source 37 times. Massive bleeding was established by three different criteria. In all three groups esophageal varices were the leading source of bleeding. Chronic peptic ulcer never exceeded 33.3% of any of the massive bleeding groups—nor did duodenal ulcer alone exceed 25.8%.
Medical Management and Confessions to Crime
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

AN important decision from the Supreme Court of California concerning confessions illustrates how poor medical management can substantially affect a criminal case. The case concerns the prolonged attempt in that state to convict the defendant, William Cameron, of the murder of Mrs. Vivian Malone on December 22, 1958.†The defendant has had three jury trials, two resulting in jury disagreements and the third in a conviction of murder in the first degree. Nine years after the crime, the Supreme Court in a split (four to three) decision threw out the conviction on the grounds that the confessions obtained from Cameron . . .
Natural killer cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are an important source of CC-chemokines and suppress HIV-1 entry and replication in vitro.
Authors: A Oliva, A L Kinter, M Vaccarezza, A Rubbert, A Catanzaro, S Moir, J Monaco, L Ehler, S Mizell, R Jackson, Y Li, J W Romano, A S Fauci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), which are the natural ligands of the CC-chemokine receptor CCR5, inhibit replication of MT-2- negative strains of HIV-1 by interfering with the ability of these strains to utilize CCR5 as a coreceptor for entry in CD4(+) cells. The present study investigates the capacity of natural killer (NK) cells isolated from HIV-infected individuals to produce CC-chemokines and to suppress HIV replication in autologous, endogenously infected cells as well as to block entry of MT-2-negative HIV into the CD4(+) T cell line PM-1. NK cells freshly isolated from HIV-infected individuals had a high number of mRNA copies for MIP-1alpha and RANTES. NK cells produced significant amounts of RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta constitutively, in response to stimulation with IL-2 alone and when they were performing their characteristic lytic activity (K562 killing). After CD16 cross-linking and stimulation with IL-2 or IL-15 NK cells produced CC-chemokines to levels comparable to those produced by anti-CD3-stimulated CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, CD16 cross-linked NK cells suppressed (49-97%) viral replication in cocultures of autologous CD8/NK-depleted PBMC to a degree similar to that of PHA or anti-CD3-stimulated CD8(+) T cells. In 50% of patients tested, NK-mediated HIV suppression could be abrogated by neutralizing antibodies to MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANTES; in contrast, CD8(+) T cell-mediated suppression was not significantly overcome upon neutralization of CC-chemokines. Supernatants derived from cultures of CD16 cross-linked NK cells stimulated with IL-2 or IL-15 dramatically inhibited entry of a MT-2-negative strain of HIV, BaL, in the CD4(+)CCR5(+) PM-1 T cell line. These data suggest that activated NK cells may be an important source of CC-chemokines in vivo and may suppress HIV replication by CC-chemokine-mediated mechanisms in addition to classic NK-mediated lytic mechanisms.