tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 13531: Weight Gain after Smoking Cessation Doesn’t Matter
Authors: Hisako Tsuji, Ichiro Shiojima
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Although smoking cessation reduces mortality, weight gain is concerned because it may weaken the benefit of quitting. All-cause mortality of quitters according to weight change after smoking cessation was compared to that of smokers. Methods: Among subjects who received annual health checkups from 1997 through 2013 in Moriguchi City, Osaka, Japan, 5,204 subjects were extracted who were smokers at the first time they received the checkup and had 3 consecutive annual checkups. Of those, smokers were defined who reported smoking at all 3 consecutive checkups. Quitters were defined who reported smoking at the first checkup but not smoking at the second and the third checkups of a 3 consecutive checkups. Smokers who reported not smoking and quitters who reported smoking at any checkups after the 3 consecutive checkups used for the definition were excluded. The oldest 3 consecutive checkups were used as clinical and follow-up data of smokers. The 3 consecutive checkups in which a subject met the criteria of quitters were used as clinical and follow-up data of quitters. Weight change was assessed between the first and the second checkups of the 3 consecutive checkups. According to weight change, quitters were divided into 3 groups; no weight gain (n=362), weight gain no more than 2 kg (n=458) and weight gain more than 2 kg (n=485). All-cause mortality of 3 groups was compared to smokers using multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Results: There were 2803 smokers and 1,305 quitters. Mean age was 54±15 years with 65% of men. There were 449 deaths during 9.7±4.7 years (median 9.8 years) follow-up. Mean weight was 59.9±11.0 kg and mean number of checkups the subjects received was 8.0±4.3 times. Compared to smokers, quitters of no weight gain group (relative risk (RR)=0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.47-0.93, p=0.0164), weight gain no more than 2 kg group (RR=0.51, 95%CI=0.36-0.71, p&lt;0.0001), and weight gain more than 2 kg group (RR=0.74, 95%CI=0.55-0.99, p=0.0426) had significantly lower mortality. Conclusions: Quitters had significantly lower mortality than smokers regardless of weight change after smoking cessation.
A PLAN FOR AVOIDING SENSITIZATION REACTIONS TO LIVER INJECTIONS
Authors: Jerome E. Cook
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1950)

Article1 March 1950A PLAN FOR AVOIDING SENSITIZATION REACTIONS TO LIVER INJECTIONSJEROME E. COOK, M.D., F.A.C.P.JEROME E. COOK, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-32-3-506 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe frequency with which intolerance to liver by injection occurs in practice cannot be readily estimated. Whenever it does arise, however, the problem which it presents may be of serious import to the patient and the satisfactory solution correspondingly gratifying. Delikat1 found 14 of 200 patients intolerant to liver by injection. In some cases the reaction symptoms were alarming and required hospitalization.The case to be reported and the measures employed may therefore be of interest since the literature gives the impression that the recognized approaches to the problem are often inadequate. This is very evident in the series reported...Bibliography1. Delikat E: Intolerance to liver extract in pernicious anemia, Brit. M. J. 539, 1943. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. FeinbergAltYoung SMHLRH: Allergy to injectable liver extract, Ann. Int. Med. 13: 311, 1943. Google Scholar3. Wintrobe MW: Clinical hematology, 1946, 2nd Ed., Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, p. 326. Google Scholar4. McSorleyDavidson JELS: Sensitivity to liver extracts, Brit. M. J. 1: 714, 1944. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Feinberg SM: Allergy in practice, 1946, The Year Book Publishers, Inc., Chicago, p. 353 et seq. Google Scholar6. Beckman H: Treatment in general practice, 1948, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, pp. 683-684. Google Scholar7. SchwartzLegere SOH: Treatment of liver extract sensitivity, Blood 1: 307, 1946. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Louis, Missouri*Received for publication June 24, 1948.From the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine and the Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAndere OrganextrakteAndere Organextrakte 1 March 1950Volume 32, Issue 3Page: 506-509KeywordsHospital medicineHospitalizationsLiver ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1950 PDF downloadLoading ...
Allergens in combination have a synergistic effect on the elicitation response: a study of fragrance-sensitized individuals
Authors: None Johansen, None Skov, None Volund, None Andersen, None MennÉ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Perfume ingredients were chosen as model substances to study the effect of allergens in combination on the elicitation response. Two groups of eczema patients were studied. One consisted of 18 subjects with a contact allergy to two fragrance substances and the other was a control group of 15 subjects allergic to only one of the same two fragrance substances. The test and matched control subject were patch tested in exactly the same way with two allergens applied in serial dilution in separate chambers on one side and combined in one chamber on the other side of the upper back. The assessment of reactions was carried out on day 3 by clinical grading and laser Doppler flowmetry, and the extent of the reaction was measured in millimetres. The data were analysed by logistic dose-response models. It was found that the combination of two allergens in individuals allergic to both substances had a synergistic effect on the elicitation response evaluated by all three methods. The 1 : 1 mixtures of the two allergens elicited responses as if the doses were three to four times higher than those actually used, which is significantly more than expected if an additive effect had been present. In the control group, no increased response was seen to the combined allergens compared with the allergens tested separately. The synergistic effect demonstrated is likely to apply to other contact allergens as well and should be taken into account in designing diagnostic tests and performing safety assessments.
Cognitive Science in Medicine: Biomedical Modeling
Authors: David A. Evans, Vilma Patel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

From the Publisher:
Biomedicine has become one of the best-modeled domains from several perspectives - artificial intelligence, psychology, and the social sciences; yet few studies have combined these points of view. In this book, the interdisciplinary strengths of cognitive science offer fresh insights into biomedical problem solving.
Cognitive Science in Medicine presents current research that focuses on issues and results in applying techniques from cognitive science to problems in biomedicine. It includes material by researchers who have worked in both areas and is unique in linking models of physician knowledge with models of physician behavior.
David Evans discusses issues of cognitive science in medicine in his introduction; and in a chapter with Cindy Gadd and Harry Pople, deals with the problem of managing coherence and context in medical problem-solving discourse. Vimla Patel, Evans, and Guy Groen provide experimental data that illuminates the role of biomedical knowledge in clinical reasoning; and Patel, Evans, and David Kaufman offer a cognitive science framework for analysis of clinical interviews.
Other contributors and subjects include Clark Glymour on the empirical and representational issues in cognitive and medical science; Alan Lesgold on multilevel models of expertise; Arthur Elstein, James Dodd, and Gerald B. Holzman on the analysis of estrogen replacement decisions among residents; Kenneth R. Hammond, Elizabeth Frederick, Nichole Robillard, and Doreen Victor on the features of the student-teacher dialog in medicine; Naomi Rodolitz and William J. Clancey on tutoring for strategic knowledge; Paul J. Feltovich, Rand J. Spiro, and Richard L. Coulson on the foundationsof misunderstanding in established medical knowledge; John K. Vries, Evans, and Peretz Shoval on the development of semantic networks for medical information retrieval; and John Bruer, with a preface on the implications of cognitive-scientific studies for medical education.
David A. Evans is Assistant Professor of Linguistics and Computer Science at Carnegie-Mellon University and Vimla L. Patel is Associate Professor of Medicine and Educational Psychology at McGill University. A Bradford Book.
Abstract 348: JMJD3 promotes the survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtypes via distinct mechanisms
Authors: Yan Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, comprises multiple biologically and clinically distinct subtypes including germinal centre B-cell-like (GCB) and activated B-cell-like (ABC) DLBCL. Dysreguation of genes related with B cell differentiation contributes to the tumorigenesis of DLBCL; the. Jumonji domain containing-3 (JMJD3), a histone 3 Lys27 (H3K27) demethylase, plays a known role in antigen-driven B-cell differentiation in GCB cells. But the mechanism of JMJD3 in DLBCL progression remains poorly uncerstood. Here we show that JMJD3 exerts an anti-apoptotic effect in both ABC and GCB subtypes of DLBCL. The downregulation of JMJD3 increased apoptosis among DLBCL cells. In the ABC subtype, JMJD3 regulates the interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in a demethylase activity-dependent fashion. Interestingly, IRF4 could reciprocally regulate the expression of JMJD3, forming a positive feedback regulation loop. The expression of IRF4 was sufficient to rescue survival induced by the JMJD3 suppression selectively in the ABC type. In the GCB subtype, JMJD3-mediated survival was dependent upon increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. Treatment with JMJD3 siRNA could also reduce tumor volume concordant with increased apoptosis of DLBCL cells. Our results demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of JMJD3 in the survival of both the ABC and GCB subtype of DLBCL and provide molecular insight into the mechanisms by which the JMJD3-IRF4 or JMJD3-BCL2 axis controls this process. Key words: DLBCL, apoptosis, JMJD3, IRF4, BCL2 Citation Format: Yan Zhang. JMJD3 promotes the survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtypes via distinct mechanisms. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 348. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-348
The A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptor as multifaceted therapeutic target: pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and in silico approaches
Authors: Siew Lee Cheong, Stephanie Federico, Gopalakrishnan Venkatesan, Alexander Laurence Mandel, Yi‐Ming Shao, Stefano Moro, Giampiero Spalluto, Giorgia Pastorin
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2011)

Abstract Adenosine is an ubiquitous local modulator that regulates various physiological and pathological functions by stimulating four membrane receptors, namely A 1 , A 2A , A 2B , and A 3 . Among these G protein‐coupled receptors, the A 3 subtype is found mainly in the lung, liver, heart, eyes, and brain in our body. It has been associated with cerebroprotection and cardioprotection, as well as modulation of cellular growth upon its selective activation. On the other hand, its inhibition by selective antagonists has been reported to be potentially useful in the treatment of pathological conditions including glaucoma, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. In this review, we focused on the pharmacology and the therapeutic implications of the human (h)A 3 adenosine receptor (AR), together with an overview on the progress of hA 3 AR agonists, antagonists, allosteric modulators, and radioligands, as well as on the recent advances pertaining to the computational approaches (e.g., quantitative structure–activity relationships, homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations) applied to the modeling of hA 3 AR and drug design. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
Brief Report: Intestinal Dysbiosis in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Mary‐Ellen Costello, Francesco Ciccia, Dana Willner, Nicole Warrington, Philip C. Robinson, Brooke Gardiner, Mhairi Marshall, Tony J. Kenna, Giovanni Triolo, Matthew A. Brown
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common, highly heritable immune‐mediated arthropathy that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals exposed to an unknown but likely ubiquitous environmental trigger. There is a close relationship between the gut and spondyloarthritis, as exemplified in patients with reactive arthritis, in whom a typically self‐limiting arthropathy follows either a gastrointestinal or urogenital infection. Microbial involvement in AS has been suggested; however, no definitive link has been established. The aim of this study was to determine whether the gut in patients with AS carries a distinct microbial signature compared with that in the gut of healthy control subjects. Methods Microbial profiles for terminal ileum biopsy specimens obtained from patients with recent‐onset tumor necrosis factor antagonist–naive AS and from healthy control subjects were generated using culture‐independent 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and analysis techniques. Results Our results showed that the terminal ileum microbial communities in patients with AS differ significantly ( P &lt; 0.001) from those in healthy control subjects, driven by a higher abundance of 5 families of bacteria ( Lachnospiraceae [ P = 0.001], Ruminococcaceae [ P = 0.012], Rikenellaceae [ P = 0.004], Porphyromonadaceae [ P = 0.001], and Bacteroidaceae [ P = 0.001]) and a decrease in the abundance of 2 families of bacteria ( Veillonellaceae [ P = 0.01] and Prevotellaceae [ P = 0.004]). Conclusion We show evidence for a discrete microbial signature in the terminal ileum of patients with AS compared with healthy control subjects. The microbial composition was demonstrated to correlate with disease status, and greater differences were observed between disease groups than within disease groups. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that genes associated with AS act, at least in part, through effects on the gut microbiome.
The transcription factor Foxm1 is essential for the quiescence and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Yu Hou, Wen Li, Yue Sheng, Liping Li, Yong Huang, Zhonghui Zhang, Tongyu Zhu, David Peace, John G Quigley, Wenshu Wu, You-yang Zhao, Zhijian Qian
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Abstract 16483: Marital Status and Long-Term Mortality of Male Patients Presenting With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hiroaki Yokoyama, Takumi Higuma, Fumie Nishizaki, Kei Izumiyama, Shuji Shibutani, Masahiro Yamada, Hirofumi Tomita, Naoki Abe, Tomohiro Osanai, Ken Okumura
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Although unmarried has been associated with an increased risk of acute coronary syndrome, little is known about the relationship between marital status and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and Results: To elucidate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of AMI patients who have never married, the consecutive 364 male AMI patients (mean age; 63±13 years) admitted to our hospital were studied. Mean follow-up period was 1.7 years. The patients were divided into 2 groups by their marital status: those who had married at least one time (Married Group (MG), n=328) and those who had never married (Unmarried Group (UG), n=36 (9.9%)). UG patients were younger (54±11 vs 65±12 years, p&lt;0.0001) and had a higher level of body mass index (BMI) (26.5±4.5 vs 24.1±3.5 kg/m2, p=0.0002) than MG. None of coronary risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking habit, Killip classification, culprit lesion of AMI nor maximal creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB) level was different between 2 groups. The time from the symptom onset to admission was significantly longer in UG (6.1 (2.6-14.3) vs 3.8 (2.3-8.3) hours, p=0.033). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessed at the acute phase of AMI was not different between 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier Curve showed no significant difference of all-cause mortality between 2 groups (20% in UG vs 12% in MG, p=0.27 by Log-rank test). When the analysis is done in patients with the ages &gt;50 years (272 patients in MG and 19 in UG), all-cause mortality tended to be higher in UG than in MG (38% vs 15%, p=0.098 by Log-rank test). After adjustment for age, Killip IV and LVEF at the acute phase, unmarried status was independently associated with all-cause long-term mortality after AMI (hazard ratio (HR); 3.84, 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.22-10.2, p=0.024). Conclusions: Unmarried status is independently associated with significantly increased all-cause long-term mortality in the male AMI patients with the ages &gt;50 years.
Abstract 14919: Short Adult Stature is an Independent Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Subclinical Vascular Changes in a Larger Population Based Sample
Authors: Mohan Thanikachalam, Vijaykumar Harivanzan, Jahnavi Sunderarajan, Jeffrey Griffiths, Sadagopan Thanikachalam
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Studies have demonstrated strong association between short adult stature (a marker of adverse nutritional and sanitary environment in early years) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The reasons for this association are not understood although early childhood epigenetic programming has been invoked. Here we analyze the association between adult height and CVD risk factors and subclinical vascular changes in a Southeast Asian population that has experienced rapid income growth with increasing prevalence of CVD over the last decade. Methods: In a population-based study of 8,080 South Indians (mean age 42 years; 58% women), assessments included blood pressure, socioeconomic (SE) and physical activity (PA) status, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose tolerance test, carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT), arterial stiffness by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and endothelial function by brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD). Results: The prevalence of CVD risk factors and values of subclinical vascular parameters by height quartile is shown in the Table. After adjustments for age, weight, SE and PA status and smoking, in comparison to highest height quartile the odds ratio (95% CI) for diabetes, hypertension and elevated levels of TG (≥ 150 mg/dl) and TC (≥ 200 mg/dl) in the lowest height quartile was 1.3 (0.97, 1.6), 1.7 (1.4 - 2.2), 1.4 (1.1, 1.8), 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) in women and 2.01 (1.5, 2.7), 1.9 (1.5, 2.5), 1.5 (1.2, 1.9), 1.9 (1.5, 2.5) in men, respectively. In multi-linear regression models that included both genders, height was independently correlated with FMD (β= 0.31, p &lt;0.01), IMT (β= 0.06, p &lt;0.01) and PWV (β= -0.06, p &lt;0.01). Conclusion: Adult Stature is an independent predictor of CVD risk factors and subclinical vascular changes. Adverse environment in early years may be one of the contributing factors to the increasing prevalence of CVD in the Southeast Asian adult population.
362. Novel Synthetic Poly(hydroxylamidoamine)s Facilitate Efficient and Nontoxic Gene Delivery with Mammalian Cells
Authors: Theresa M. Reineke, Yemin Liu, Laura Wenning
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Several studies have shown that polycations bind and compact plasmid DNA (pDNA) into colloidal nanoparticles that are readily endocytosed by many cell types with varying degrees of delivery efficiency and toxicity. However, three important issues have arisen with polymer-mediated gene delivery: i) some of the most efficient nonviral agents exhibit cytotoxicity, ii) polymeric vectors have lower DNA delivery efficiency than viral vectors, and iii) the chemical structure of polymeric delivery agents affects the toxicity and delivery efficiency to a large degree.
Pilot schemes to screen for fragile X syndrome to be considered
Authors: A. Iles
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Tyrosine hydroxylase was used to identify catechol-aminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area of the human mesencephalon. High enzyme activity in the normal ventral tegmental area indicated the presence of numerous cathecholaminergic neurons, most likely dopamine cells. Tyrosine-hydroxylase activity was decreased in the ventral tegmental area of parkinsonian patients, implying a lesion of the mesocortical dopamine system in Parkinson disease.
Case against paying donors was a litany of errors
Authors: B. Hippen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Chapman’s essay against paying donors to increase the supply of organs for transplantation incorrectly conflates the abuses and abysmal outcomes of illegal, underground organ trafficking with proposals for a regulated market in organs in developed countries.1 2 Furthermore, Chapman incorrectly asserts that organ donation is non-existent in Iran, where organs have been legally purchased from vendors since 1988. But deceased donation did …
The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation programme in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Katerina Neumannova, Jakub Zatloukal, Vitezslav Kolek
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has proven effective in treatment of COPD patients. The effectivity of PR in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis remains unclear and therefore there is a need for further research.   Aim:  To evaluate the effect of PR on breathing pattern and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.   Methods:  There were 10 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis recruited to the 6-week PR programme. The assessment included lung function tests, maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) mouth pressures, chest expansion (CE), 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and HRQL by Sarcoidosis Health Questionnaire (SHQ). The evaluation was performed at baseline and after six weeks. The PR programme consisted of respiratory physiotherapy, soft tissue techniques and regular physical activity.   Results:  The mean age of patients was 45.9±14.1 years with stages I, II and III of the disease (2, 7 and 1 patient respectively). Six patients were undergoing PR programme simultaneously with corticotherapy. Lung function tests showed normal values in all patients at baseline and after PR.   Conclusion:  Patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis can benefit from a PR programme, as it improves chest expansion and strength of breathing muscles, which plays an important role in the physical fitness level and is further reflected in an improved HRQL of the patients.  Supported by Palacky University, FTK_2010_004.
Abstract 15766: Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) Activity Enhances cGMP Generation by Natriuretic Peptides
Authors: Shuchong Pan, Laurel S Kleppe, Horng H Chen, John C Burnett, Robert D Simari
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: The natriuretic peptides (NPs), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), alternatively spliced BNP (ASBNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) exert importan...