tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Friable asbestos in schools must be found by May 1988, removal plan must start by 1989
Authors: K. Garrahan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

FOR 20 YEARS, from the 1950s to the 1970s, asbestos was used as a fireproofing agent in America's school systems. Today, the presence of the potentially cancer-causing material is igniting fires of concern across the country.  Parental anxiety, boycotting of classes, and the closing of school buildings in many communities forced the Environmental Protection Agency to mandate the inspection of all elementary and secondary public and private institutions for asbestos-containing materials. By federal law, the inspections must be carried out by May 9,1988, and the implementation of management plans for the removal of any friable asbestos must begin by July 9, 1989.  Children's exposure to asbestos in the schools naturally is of special concern to pediatricians. Higher activity and breathing rates, more time spent close to the floor where fibers accumulate, and natural curiosity or mischievousness may lead children to seek contact with deteriorating surfaces in school buildings. The American
Antiviral treatment and postherpetic neuralgia.
Authors: P. Klenerman, T. E. Peto, G. A. Luzzi, B. E. Juel-Jensen
Journal: BMJ (1989)

it does contain records of day case hysterectomies and total hip replacements.We have passed Messrs Drife and Macafee's other observations on to the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, who will no doubt appre- ciate their humour very much.After all, an error rate of about 1 in 1000 is far better than could have been expected in hospital discharge statistics and, though perhaps significant, is absolutely negligible -a distinction about which statisticians are ob- viously still failing to educate clinicians.
Dynamic Hyperinflation and Exercise Intolerance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: DENIS E. O'DONNELL, SUSAN M. REVILL, KATHERINE A. WEBB
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The role of dynamic hyperinflation (DH) in exercise limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains to be defined. We examined DH during exercise in 105 patients with COPD (FEV1 = 37 ± 13% predicted; mean ± SD) and studied the relationships between resting lung volumes, DH during exercise, and peak oxygen consumption (V˙ o 2). Patients completed pulmonary function tests and incremental cycle exercise tests. We measured the change in inspiratory capacity (ΔIC) during exercise to reflect changes in DH. During exercise, 80% of patients showed significant DH above resting values. IC decreased 0.37 ± 0.39 L or 14 ± 15% predicted during exercise (p < 0.0005), but with large variation in range. ΔIC correlated best with resting IC, both expressed %predicted (r = − 0.50, p < 0.0005). Peak V˙ o 2 (%predicted maximum) correlated best with the peak tidal volume attained (Vt standardized as % of predicted vital capacity) (r = 0.68, p < 0.0005), which, in turn, correlated strongly with IC at peak exercise (r = 0.79, p < 0.0005) or at rest (r = 0.75, p < 0.0005). The extent of DH during exercise in COPD correlated best with resting IC. DH curtailed the Vt response to exercise. This inability to expand Vt in response to increasing metabolic demand contributed importantly to exercise intolerance in COPD.
Nutrient Pollution: A Persistent Threat to Waterways
Authors: John Manuel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

P assage of the Clean Water Act of 1972 brought many improvements to surface waters by curbing much of the toxic and organic pollution going into waterways.But 42 years later, we have yet to make significant reductions in two major pollutants in our rivers, lakes, and coastal sounds-the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus.Although nitrogen pollution overall has gone down in U.S. streams and rivers since 2004, it remains a serious problem in many waterways, and phosphorus pollution has gone up significantly. 1 The problem is especially challenging in that the deleterious effects of nitrogen and phosphorus often occur hundreds or thousands of miles from where the nutrients originate.Why have these two nutrients proven so tough to get under control?And are current regulatory and programmatic efforts enough to turn this situation around? Too Much of a Good ThingThe basics of nutrient pollution are simple enough.Nitrogen and phosphorus occur naturally in soil and water and, with respect to nitrogen, in the air we breathe.They also are added to the environment by humans, principally as fertilizers.These fertilizers enhance the growth not just of crops on land but also of algae and aquatic plants in the waters where they end up. 2 Above certain levels, nitrogen and phosphorus cause algae to grow faster than ecosystems can handle.When algae die, the decomposition process consumes oxygen.Nutrient pollution also affects submerged aquatic vegetation, but in a different way: The nutrient-enriched sediment that comes off fields and impervious surfaces decreases the light available for these plants, and the shading leads to their death.Then they, too, consume oxygen as they decompose. 3arge algal blooms can entirely eliminate the oxygen in a body of water, a condition known as hypoxia that kills virtually all aquatic organisms unable to escape these so-called dead zones.According to an ongoing anaylsis by the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, the area of oceanic dead zones increased by one-third between 1995 and 2007. 4The hypoxic zone that forms in the Gulf of Mexico each summer varies in size from year to year but averages approximately 5,500 square miles, or roughly the size of the state of Connecticut. 5oxins produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs) can also directly threaten human health.If ingested or contacted, these toxins can cause skin irritation, stomach cramps, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, blisters of the mouth, and liver damage. 6Local water treatment plants
BMJ has largely met its target for publication time for long papers
Authors: P Badrinath
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Majority view of climate scientists is that global warming is indeed happeningEditor-Gardner states that the scientific basis of climate change is uncertain and that there are major differences of opinion among climatologists about whether climate change is likely to occur and its potential magnitude. 1 Inevitably, with an issue of such complexity there is bound to be scientific debate, but the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which we quoted in our articles, is a major international collaboration: it has involved the participation of over 2500 scientists from around the world.Many of the most vociferous sceptics have received funding from fossil fuel industries, which clearly have a vested interest in opposing changes in policy that might result in shifts away from fossil fuels. 2 The evidence that Gardner quoted against climate change-that satellite data have shown 0.13°C global cooling between 1979 and 1994 and that the Arctic has been cooling-is mistaken.Satellite measurements are in good agreement with records of surface temperature for 1979-94. 3 Once the transient effects of volcanoes and the El Niño-southern oscillation are removed, upward global trends of 0.09°C per decade from satellite data and 0.17°C per decade from surface data are obtained. 4 This is reasonable agreement, especially when one realises that the satellite measurement is a weighted average over the atmosphere column from the surface to 7 km altitude and temperature changes in the midtroposphere may well differ from those at the surface.Furthermore, although temperatures have fallen in Greenland, they have risen by similar amounts over much of the remaining Arctic, notably in Siberia, northern Canada, and Alaska. 5 There is compelling evidence that the average global temperature has increased by about 0.6°C since the industrial revolution.Indeed, nine of the 11 hottest years this century have occurred since 1985.More importantly, climate models suggest that substantial global warming (1.0-3.5°C) will have occurred by the end of the next century with projected increases in use of fossil fuels.This underlines the need for a precautionary approach to limit emissions of greenhouse gases as well as increased investment in research on climate change and its potential impacts.Finally, we must emphasise that the prospect of large scale climate and environ-mental changes necessitates the contingent assessment of future risks.Epidemiologists (like agricultural scientists, hydrologists, urban planners, and others) cannot reasonably dispute the majority view of climate scientists.Rather, they must base their risk assessment on the climate change scenarios projected by those experts.
Eating Disorders and Diabetic Complications
Authors: Gareth Williams, Geoffrey V. Gill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Poor metabolic control in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is sometimes accepted as inevitable but likely to resolve when the patient's hormones, metabolism, and psyche finally come to terms with adult life. Unfortunately, such complacency is ill judged, because chronic diabetic tissue damage may begin in adolescence, and diabetic microvascular complications — especially retinopathy — may appear or worsen appreciably during puberty. Possible contributory factors include poor glycemic control, which appears to be consistently worse in adolescent girls, and increased serum growth hormone concentrations, which may be both a cause and a consequence of inadequately controlled hyperglycemia.1 The paper . . .
Use of a Modified Non-Rebreathing Mask During Upper Intestinal Endoscopy
Authors: M. C. Kelly, W. C. Loan
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Background and Study Aims: Recently, attention has been drawn to the significant occurrence of respiratory and other complications during upper intestinal endoscopy. This prospective study was designed to compare the incidence and severity of oxygen desaturation when two different methods of oxygen delivery were used during elective oesophagogastroduodenoscopy.
Use of Suggestion in Psychotherapy
Authors: G. Colket Caner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

IT is generally conceded that suggestion can powerfully influence thinking, either for good or for ill. Every physician knows that throughout history various medications and types of treatment that could only have helped by means of suggestion, have brought about amelioration or cure of different disturbances, and that many patients become emotionally disturbed as a result of unfortunate suggestions that cause worry and tension. Often such suggestions are made by physicians themselves; therefore, they must constantly be on guard to avoid causing unnecessary fears. For instance, if a physician listens long to a patient's heart or chest and says nothing, . . .
Medical Care and Rehabilitation of the Aged and Chronically Ill
Authors: Amasa B. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The first edition of this book was presented as a commonsense, practical handbook for the medical practitioner. The second edition is addressed to a wider but less clearly defined audience, including families and members of the allied health professions. This change has made the book less concise and effective. The first part, dealing with specific problems, remains a practical clinical guide. Some sections, such as that on management of advanced cancer, contain new information which would be useful to a practitioner unfamiliar with recent developments in cancer chemotherapy. Others, such as the section on hemiplegia, are essentially unaltered. Many useful empirical forms of treatment are suggested, but some recommendations can be challenged, as for example, the use of estrogens for their "tonic" effect and routine diagnostic catheterization of the bladder in female patients. The second section, on general principles, describes the roles of various participants in the care of the
The Cigarette Papers
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Stanton A Glantz, John Slade, Lisa A Bero, Peter Hanauer, Deborah E Barnes University of California Press, £24, pp 539 ISBN 0 520 20572 3

Many years ago I came into possession of 50 pages of minutes of meetings retrieved from a rubbish bin at Sydney's Rothmans headquarters by a friendly cleaner. They dated from the early 1970s and contained some priceless passages that named various sports writers who would need to be “fostered” to ensure that they mentioned Rothmans brand names in their writings. Most significantly, they detailed an exchange that unequivocally stated that Rothmans sponsorship of sport was an open attempt to circumvent Australia's direct ban on televised tobacco advertising. Anyone with half a brain already knew this, but the tobacco industry's public position has always been that it …
Conventional versus intensive diabetes therapy in children with type 1 diabetes: effects on memory and motor speed.
Authors: T Hershey, N Bhargava, M Sadler, N H White, S Craft
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Severe hypoglycemia may impair medial temporal-mediated cognitive skills, such as the ability to recall past events explicitly (delayed declarative memory). The objective of this study was to determine whether delayed declarative memory deficits are present in a group of diabetic children with an increased risk of severe hypoglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Nondiabetic children (n = 16) and children with type 1 diabetes who had been randomly assigned to either intensive (IT) (n = 13) or conventional (CT) (n = 12) diabetes therapy at the time of diagnosis participated in the study. All episodes of severe hypoglycemia were prospectively ascertained. All children were tested on memory tasks that have been closely linked to medial temporal functioning and on reaction time measures. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that the IT group had a threefold higher rate of severe hypoglycemia, performed less accurately on a spatial declarative memory task, and performed more slowly, but not less accurately, on a pattern recognition task than did the CT group or control subjects. In addition, both groups of type 1 diabetic children were significantly impaired on a motor speed task compared with their nondiabetic peers. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a selective relative memory impairment associated with IT that is consistent with the effects of severe hypoglycemia and medial temporal damage or dysfunction. If larger prospective studies determine that severe hypoglycemia is the mediating factor for this memory impairment, extreme caution in imposing overly strict standards for glucose control in young patients with type 1 diabetes would be indicated because of the increased risk of hypoglycemia associated with IT regimens.
37 A single center experience in the management of 125 iatrogenic bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: V MURALIDHARAN, M SILVA, S BRAMHALL, D MAYER, J BUCKELS, P MCMASTER, D MIRZA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

A single-institution retrospective analysis was undertaken to assess long-term results of definitive surgical reconstruction for major bile duct injuries and risk factors for restenosis.Patients treated between January 1995 and October 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The primary outcome measure was patency.Of 417 patients referred to a tertiary center, 290 (69.5%) underwent surgical reconstruction; mostly in the form of a hepaticojejunostomy (n = 281, 96.8%). Major liver resection was undertaken in 18 patients (6.2%). There were 7 postoperative deaths (2.4%). Patency was achieved in 97.4% of primary repairs and 88.8% of re-repairs. Primary patency at three months (including postoperative deaths and stents removed afterwards) in primary repairs was significantly higher than secondary patency attained during the same period in re-repairs (89.3% vs 76.5%, p < 0.01). The actuarial primary patency was also significantly higher compared to the actuarial secondary patency 10 years after reconstruction (86.7% vs 70.4%, p = 0.001). Vascular disruption was the only independent predictor of loss of patency after reconstruction (OR 7.09, 95% CI 3.45–14.49, p < 0.001), showing interaction with injuries at or above the biliary bifurcation (OR 9.52, 95% CI 2.56–33.33, p < 0.001).Long-term outcome of surgical reconstruction for major bile duct injuries was superior in primary repairs compared to re-repairs. Concomitant vascular injury was independently associated with loss of patency requiring revision.
Vaccination for Rubella
Authors: JOHN D. HOFFMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 May 1971Vaccination for RubellaJOHN D. HOFFMANJOHN D. HOFFMANSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-799 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: As a senior medical student and aspiring obstetrician, I read with interest the recent editorial on "A Practical Approach to the Use of Rubella Vaccine" (ANNALS, January 1971) but was disturbed by the over-simplifications as well as a gross error contained therein.First, only time will tell the significance of rubella antibody titers subsequent to vaccination that "parallel, although at a lower level, the antibodies resulting from natural rubella." It is perhaps justified that newspapers seek sensationalism, but "practical" editorials in medical journals should stick close to realism. Four years of protection from rubella offer a 5-year... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOHN D. HOFFMANAffiliations: University of Illinois Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 799-799KeywordsRubellaRubella vaccine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of apical and/or basolateral application of EDTA on the permeability of hydrophilic compounds in a human intestinal epithelial cell-line (Caco-2)
Authors: A.B.J. Noach, M.C.M. Roosemalen, Y. Kurosaki, A.G. de Boer, D.D. Breimer
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1992)
Medical confidentiality and multidisciplinary work: child sexual abuse and mental handicap registers.
Authors: R Williams, T H Singh, J Naish, A Bentovim, D P Addy, R Gillon, C Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1987)

We received a short paper from Dr Williams raising the issue of medical confidentiality as encountered by general practitioners in cases of child sexual abuse. Similarly, we received a letter from Dr Singh describing a conflict with his local social services department about the confidentiality of information requested by the department for inclusion in a mental handicap register. We asked a general practitioner, a consultant psychiatrist y a consultant paediatrician, an expert in medical ethics, and a solicitor to comment on these two cases. The case of child sexual abuse
The Differential Diagnosis of Levo-Transposed or Malposed Aorta
Authors: ROBERT M. FREEDOM, DONALD P. HARRINGTON, ROBERT I. WHITE
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The levo-transposed aorta has previously been considered diagnostic of corrected transposition of the great arteries and hence ventricular inversion in situs solitus. Increasing experience with conotruncal abnormalities has shown that an abnormally leftward aorta may be found in patients with normally related ventricles (D-ventricular loop) and hemodynamically complete transposition of the great arteries; anatomically corrected L-malposition of the great arteries; and rarely in patients with D-ventricular loop, double outlet right and left ventricles. Thus the levo-positioned aorta should suggest a wider spectrum of cardiovascular abnormalities than previously thought. The specific angiocardiographic features of levo-transposition, anatomically corrected malpositions, and D-ventricular loop with levo-transposed aorta are presented in detail; and their differential diagnosis from the very uncommon D-loop, double outlet right and left ventricles with an L-malposed aorta is considered. The role of selective biplane angiocardiography in the assessment of these conotruncal abnormalities is stressed.
309 IINCREASING MORTALITY DUE TO HEPATOCARCINOMA IN HIV-HCV COINFECTED PATIENTS WHO DIED FROM END-STAGE LIVER DISEASE (MORTALITÉ 2005-ANRS EN 19, IN COLLABORATION WITH MORTAVIC 2005 SURVEY)
Authors: D. Salmon, E. Rosenthal, C. Lewden, E. Bonnet, T. May, Ph. Morlat, G. Chene, P. Cacoub
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Expression of cytokeratins in regenerating human epidermis
Authors: M. KALLIOINEN, V. KOIVUKANGAS, M. JARVINEN, A. OIKARINEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

The expression of cytokeratin polypeptides in regenerating human epidermis was immunohistochemically examined during re-epithelization of suction blisters. The regenerating basal and suprabasal epidermis expressed keratin polypeptides K13, K14, K16 and K18, which are not present in normal suprabasal epidermis. On the contrary, K10, a normal constituent of terminally differentiated keratinocytes, was lacking from the epidermis until the ninth day of re-epithelization. The findings indicate changes similar to other hyperproliferative states (expression of K16), basal-like features (expression of K14), or properties reminiscent of fetal skin (K13 and K18) in the newly formed epidermis. Monoclonal antibodies for cytokeratins and a technique using suction blisters seemed to be a suitable methodology for the study of epidermal regeneration in normal skin. The technique may also have advantages in the investigation of keratin expression in diseased skin.
Biomechanical factors and macrophages in plaque stability
Authors: Anusha Seneviratne, Maarten Hulsmans, Paul Holvoet, Claudia Monaco
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFAs) or vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques are considered a high-risk phenotype for acute cardiovascular events. TCFAs are identified by a thin rupture-prone fibrous cap, a large necrotic core, and a high content of leucocytes. Atherogenesis is dependent upon complex patterns of blood flow. Slow-flowing blood imposing low shear stress on the arterial wall up-regulates inflammatory signalling in endothelial cells and leucocytes, and modulates microRNAs to promote inflammation and monocyte recruitment. Hence, low shear stress is believed to promote conditions conducive to vulnerable plaque development. In this review, we explore how biomechanical factors modulate macrophage phenotype and plaque stability.
Issues regarding general and domain-specific resources
Authors: David Caplan, Gloria Waters
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Commentaries on our target article raise further questions about the validity of an undifferentiated central executive that supplies resources to all verbal tasks. Working memory tasks are more likely to measure divided attention capacities and the efficiency of performing tasks within specific domains than a shared resource pool. In our response to the commentaries, we review and further expand upon empirical findings that relate performance on working memory tasks to sentence processing, concluding that our view that the two are not strongly related remains viable in light of the material presented in the commentaries. We suggest that a productive research enterprise would be to develop the concept of working memory as a pool of resources in relation to specific tasks.