tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cutis Marmorata in Decompression Sickness
Authors: Vasileios N Kalentzos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 38-year-old man was transferred to the Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Unit after ascent from 54 m (177 ft) without decompression stops. There was evidence of paraparesis, hypoesthesia, and urinary retention associated with spinal cord involvement, as well as a characteristic rash.
Rate dependence of sotalol-induced prolongation of ventricular repolarization during exercise in humans.
Authors: C Funck-Brentano, Y Kibleur, F Le Coz, J M Poirier, A Mallet, P Jaillon
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Studies in animals have shown that drug-induced action potential prolongation with class III antiarrhythmic agents increases with slow pacing rates. We studied the physiological rate dependence of sotalol effects on ventricular repolarization, measured as QT interval duration on the surface electrocardiogram at rest and during a maximal exercise test, in 10 normal volunteers. In a randomized, crossover study, three dosages of sotalol (160 mg/24 hr, 320 mg/24 hr, and 640 mg/24 hr) were administered during 4 days to each subject. In a control period, no drug was administered. During each period, 50-100 QT intervals were measured over a wide range of RR intervals recorded at rest and during the course of a maximal exercise test. Plasma sotalol concentration and beta-adrenoceptor blockade (percent reduction in peak exercise heart rate from control) were also measured. The QT-versus-RR relation was fitted to several formulas, and the overall best fit was used to calculate QT interval duration normalized for a heart rate of 60 beats/min (QTc) and to analyze the rate dependence of QT prolongation with sotalol. Sotalol-induced beta-adrenoceptor blockade and QTc prolongation were dose and concentration dependent. Sotalol reduced peak exercise heart rate by 13.8 +/- 7% at the dosage of 320 mg/24 hr and by 25.4 +/- 8% at the dosage of 640 mg/24 hr (both p less than 0.01). Sotalol prolonged QTc interval by 5.8 +/- 3.7% and 11.8 +/- 3% at these respective dosages (both p less than 0.01). The concentration of sotalol required to produce minimal (mean QTc prolongation, 5.6%; confidence interval, 0-11.2%) QTc prolongation (680 ng/ml) tended to be lower than that required for minimal (mean percent reduction in maximal exercise heart rate, 13.9%; confidence interval, 0-27.8%) beta-blockade (840 ng/ml). QT prolongation with sotalol increased with increasing RR intervals (i.e., decreasing heart rate) at all dosages. QT prolongation became statistically significant for RR of 800 msec or more at all dosages and for RR intervals of 600 msec or more at the dosage of 640 mg/24 hr. This rate dependence altered the relation between QT interval duration and sotalol plasma concentrations. These results suggest that sotalol prolongs QTc interval in humans at dosages and concentrations similar to those required to produce beta-adrenoceptor blockade, QT prolongation with sotalol is more pronounced when heart rate decreases and is not apparent during exercise-induced tachycardia, and the relation between QT prolongation with sotalol and plasma concentrations of the drug depends on the heart rate at which measurements are made.
Case 51-1972
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Vincent P. Perlo, Charles Plank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 26-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a headache.Cyanosis and a heart murmur had been present at birth. Nine years before admission she entered the hospital because of the onset of an ache in the right side of the neck followed by a right-sided headache, vertigo on sitting up or standing and unsteadiness of gait manifested by veering and falling to the right. She also experienced mild numbness of the fingers of the right hand, diplopia on looking to the left, indistinctness of speech, difficulty in swallowing, nausea, vomiting, drooping . . .
Evaluation of fast track admission policy for children with sickle cell crises: questionnaire survey of parents' preferences
Authors: C. R Fertleman, A. Gallagher, M. A Rossiter
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In Britain most people with painful sickle cell crises are admitted to hospital through an accident and emergency department. Interviews with patients have shown that this is unsatisfactory because the staff are often inexperienced in dealing with pain from sickle cell crises.1 Patients want immediate and effective pain relief and not to be asked irrelevant questions.2 An audit in our department in early 1994 showed that many children with painful sickle cell crises waited over an hour to receive analgesia. In October 1994 we therefore set up a fast track system whereby children with severe pain from sickle cell crises are admitted directly to the ward after a telephone call from a parent. All 112 children with sickle cell disease have preprescribed doses of pethidine and naloxone written on a prescription chart that is kept on …
Mild, Reversible Pancytopenia Induced by Rosiglitazone
Authors: Yoram Maaravi, Jochanan Stessman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Rosiglitazone, a member of the thiazolidinediones, is a well-established oral antidiabetic agent. It reduces plasma glucose levels and glucose production, increases glucose clearance, and significantly improves insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell function, and cardiovascular risk factors (1). In addition to the potential risk of liver toxicity, thiazolidinediones can cause fluid retention, which can exacerbate congestive heart failure (2). Hematologic effects reported in clinical trials include only small decreases in Hb and hematocrit. A recent report described rosiglitazone-induced protection against myelotoxicity produced by 5-fluorouracil (3). We report a case of mild, reversible pancytopenia during treatment with rosiglitazone for type …
THE USE AND VALUE OF GOLD RADON SEEDS
Authors: Ira I. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1933)

As far as present knowledge goes, the only therapeutic agents of value in the treatment of malignant conditions are surgery and radiation, or a combination of the two. In irradiation, the element radium is of the greatest importance. Its cost, however, being very high, a less expensive agent but one equally effective was sought, one whose use could be made more general by reason of its lower cost. Such an agent, fortunately, was found with the progress in the study of radium. It was noted that as radium decayed it emitted a gas possessing the same physical and biologic characteristics it had itself. This gas, designated as radon, is short lived, however, lasting no longer than about a month. Despite this drawback, radon came as a powerful aid in the field of radiation therapy in the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Duane in 1914 found that this gaseous radioactive substance could
Electrophysiologic characteristics of human ventricular and Purkinje fibers.
Authors: K H Dangman, P Danilo, A J Hordof, L Mary-Rabine, R F Reder, M R Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We studied the electrophysiologic characteristics of ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers from the hearts of five patients undergoing cardiac transplantation. All five patients had congestive failure and coronary artery disease before surgery and were receiving digitalis therapy. Ventricular muscle had a maximal diastolic potential (MDP) of -78 +/- 1 mV (mean +/- SEM), an action potential (AP) amplitude of 104 +/- 2 mV, a phase 0 upstroke velocity (Vmax) of 297 +/- 19 V/sec and an AP duration at 50% repolarization (APD50) of 190 +/- 4 msec. Purkinje fibers had an MDP of -80 +/- 2 mV, an AP amplitude of 107 +/- 2 mV, a Vmax of 388 +/- 25 V/sec and an APD50 of 195 +/- 9 msec. Fibers from infarcted sections of the heart had significantly longer APD than those from noninfarcted, which resulted in marked dispersion of APD in infarcted and adjacent zones. Both epinephrine and ouabain induced delayed after depolarizations in Purkinje fiber. This suggest that delayed after depolarizations and resultant triggered activity can occur in the human ventricle.
Containing “The Great Houdini” of viruses: Combining direct acting antivirals with the host immune response for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Gustaf Ahlén, Lars Frelin, Erwin Daniel Brenndörfer, Anette Brass, Ola Weiland, Margaret Chen, Matti Sällberg
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2013)

Presently the development of new therapies for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is rapidly moving forward. Almost every week new data appear on how direct acting antivirals (DAAs) succeed or fail in clinical trials. Despite the potency of many of the DAA combinations, the effect exerted by ribavirin (RBV) is still needed for an effective therapy in many new DAA combinations. Due to the strong antiviral effect of DAAs, it is likely that a major complementary therapeutic effect exerted by RBV is immune modulation resulting in an increased barrier to development of resistance. For HCV genotype 1a infections elimination of pegylated interferon, is not possible in many DAA combinations without jeopardizing the results. The host immune response is thus likely to play a key role even during DAA-based therapies. Hence, T cells may recognize and eliminate viral variants with resistance to the DAAs. We herein show several examples where this may be the case, supporting the rationale of including the host response also in the new therapeutic regimens. This review will describe the potential benefits of combining various DAAs with means to activate the specific immune response against HCV.
Objectively Measured Moderate- and Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity but Not Sedentary Time Predicts Insulin Resistance in High-Risk Individuals
Authors: Ulf Ekelund, Soren Brage, Simon J. Griffin, Nicholas J. Wareham
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Low levels of physical activity appear to be associated with insulin resistance. However, the detailed associations of these complex relationships remain elusive. We examined the prospective associations between self-reported TV viewing time, objectively measured time spent sedentary, at light-intensity activity, and at moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) with insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 192 individuals (81 men and 111 women) with a family history of type 2 diabetes, we measured physical activity and anthropometric and metabolic variables at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up in the ProActive UK trial. Physical activity was measured objectively by accelerometry. Insulin resistance was expressed as fasting insulin and the homeostasis model assessment score (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Baseline MVPA was a significant predictor of fasting insulin at follow-up (β = −0.004 [95% CI −0.007 to −0.0001], P = 0.022), and the association approached significance for HOMA-IR (β = −0.003 [−0.007 to 0.000002], P = 0.052), independent of time spent sedentary, at light-intensity activity, sex, age, smoking status, waist circumference, and self-reported TV viewing. Time spent sedentary and at light-intensity activity were not significantly associated with insulin resistance. The change in MVPA between baseline and follow-up was inversely related to fasting insulin (β = −0.003 [−0.007 to −0.0003], P = 0.032) and the HOMA-IR score (β = −0.004 [−0.008 to −0.001], P = 0.015) at follow-up, after adjustment for baseline phenotype in addition to the same confounders as above. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of promoting moderate-intensity activity such as brisk walking for improving insulin sensitivity and possibly other metabolic risk factors to prevent type 2 diabetes.
Single cell transcriptional profiling reveals heterogeneity of human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Kazim H. Narsinh, Ning Sun, Veronica Sanchez-Freire, Andrew S. Lee, Patricia Almeida, Shijun Hu, Taha Jan, Kitchener D. Wilson, Denise Leong, Jarrett Rosenberg, Mylene Yao, Robert C. Robbins, Joseph C. Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are promising candidate cell sources for regenerative medicine. However, despite the common ability of hiPSCs and hESCs to differentiate into all 3 germ layers, their functional equivalence at the single cell level remains to be demonstrated. Moreover, single cell heterogeneity amongst stem cell populations may underlie important cell fate decisions. Here, we used single cell analysis to resolve the gene expression profiles of 362 hiPSCs and hESCs for an array of 42 genes that characterize the pluripotent and differentiated states. Comparison between single hESCs and single hiPSCs revealed markedly more heterogeneity in gene expression levels in the hiPSCs, suggesting that hiPSCs occupy an alternate, less stable pluripotent state. hiPSCs also displayed slower growth kinetics and impaired directed differentiation as compared with hESCs. Our results suggest that caution should be exercised before assuming that hiPSCs occupy a pluripotent state equivalent to that of hESCs, particularly when producing differentiated cells for regenerative medicine aims.
Soluble interleukin 2 receptors in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis.
Authors: A Lobo-Yeo, G Mieli-Vergani, A P Mowat, D Vergani
Journal: Gut (1990)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Recreational drug use in the nightlife setting carries the risk of many negative consequences, such as violence, injuries, aberrant driving and sexual risk-taking. The aim of this study is to investigate recreational drug use and user characteristics among people visiting licensed premises, for example, nightclubs and bars, by using self-reports and biological markers. Staff of licensed premises will be asked to report drug use observations. Further, by using qualitative data, we will examine the motives, consequences and culture associated with recreational drug use. An additional aim is to compare self-reported drug use with oral fluid test (OFT) results in order to validate the different measurement methods in this context. <h3>Methods and analyses</h3> Data collection will be conducted among patrons (n=1000) outside licensed premises. On consent, patrons will be asked to anonymously complete a questionnaire, a breath alcohol concentration test and an OFT. Patrons who report use of recreational drugs in the previous 12 months will be asked to leave their contact information for a subsequent qualitative in-depth interview (n=30–40). Staff from licensed premises (n=500) will be invited during Responsible Beverage Service Training to participate in an anonymous survey. Survey data will be analysed by univariate and multivariate statistical methods and the oral fluids will be analysed for a large number of drugs using biochemical methods. Cohen9s κ will be used as a measure of agreement between self-reported drug use and OFT. In-depth interviews will be coded in HyperRESEARCH and analysed using an inductive approach. Data collection will be repeated on a biannual basis until at least 2020, allowing for examination of trends in recreational drug use. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> This study has been approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics. Results will be disseminated in research journals, conferences and the media.
Topical retinoic acid in the treatment of fine acne scarring
Authors: D. W. S. Harris, C. C. Buckley, I.-S. Ostlere, M. H. A. Rustin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Topical retinoic acid in the treatment of fine acne scarring Get access D. W. S. Harris, D. W. S. Harris The Department of Dermatology, The Royal Free Hospital, Pom Street, London NW3 2QG, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. C. Buckley, C. C. Buckley The Department of Dermatology, The Royal Free Hospital, Pom Street, London NW3 2QG, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.‐S. Ostlere, I.‐S. Ostlere The Department of Dermatology, The Royal Free Hospital, Pom Street, London NW3 2QG, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. H. A. Rustin M. H. A. Rustin The Department of Dermatology, The Royal Free Hospital, Pom Street, London NW3 2QG, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 125, Issue 1, 1 July 1991, Pages 81–82, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb06048.x Published: 01 July 1991
Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound in solid lesions of the pancreas: results of a pilot study
Authors: B. Napoleon, M. Alvarez-Sanchez, R. Gincoul, B. Pujol, C. Lefort, V. Lepilliez, M. Labadie, J. Souquet, P. Queneau, J. Scoazec, J. Chayvialle, T. Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de B. Napoleon et al., pp. 564Endoscopy 2010; 42(07): 611-611DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291880
Cost of single use instruments
Authors: C. K. Archer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Ibbotson’s “Stocks, Bonds, Bills and Inflation” dataset is widely used because it provides monthly U.S. financial data series going back to as early as 1926. In this dataset, the “default premium” is calculated as the difference between the total returns on long-term corporate bonds and long-term government bonds. This excess return is used in empirical research to represent the compensation for default risk exposure. In this article we show that this default premium is seriously flawed in two ways: 1) It is not based on subtracting maturity-matched government bonds from corporate bonds, and therefore is contaminated with a considerable interest rate component, and 2) it is based on very high-quality corporate bonds and hence rather insensitive to market-wide changes in default risk. These maturity and quality biases seriously limit the use of the Ibbotson default premium series in empirical research, because instead of reflecting pure default risk, it also (negatively) reflects interest rate risk. <b>TOPICS:</b>Fixed income and structured finance, analysis of individual factors/risk premia
Hepatic iron overload in patients with chronic viral hepatitis: Role of HFE gene mutations
Authors: Alberto Piperno, Anna Vergani, Ida Malosio, Laura Parma, Laura Fossati, Alessandra Ricci, Giorgio Bovo, Giuseppe Boari, Giuseppe Mancia
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Mild to moderate hepatic iron overload is frequent in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (CH). We evaluated the role of hemochromatosis (HFE) gene mutations and other acquired factors in the development of iron overload in these patients. We studied 110 patients with chronic B or C viral hepatitis (31 women, 79 men), including 20 with cirrhosis, and 139 controls. Hepatic iron was evaluated by semiquantitative analysis in all the patients, and hepatic iron concentration (HIC) was determined in 97 of them (26 women, 71 men). C282Y and H63D mutations were sought in all the subjects by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction assay. The frequency of HFE genotypes and alleles did not differ in patients and controls. No relation was detected between hepatic iron stores and HFE gene mutations in women. In men, all C282Y heterozygotes had iron overload, and the H63D mutation was significantly more frequent in patients with more marked hepatic siderosis than in those with mild or no siderosis ( P = .0039) and in controls ( P = .0008). Heavy alcohol intake and hepatic cirrhosis were also associated with increased hepatic iron stores in the men. In the 71 men in whom HIC was measured, multiple regression analysis showed that this variable was related independently only to alcohol intake and HFE gene mutations. We suggest that in patients with CH, iron accumulates in the liver as the result of an interplay between genetic and acquired factors, and that increased liver iron stores may influence progression toward liver fibrosis.
Cognitive and psychomotor performance tests and experiment design in multiple chemical sensitivity.
Authors: A Wetherell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

People suffering from multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) complain of a variety of symptoms that could impair cognitive and psychomotor function either directly or indirectly. This paper discusses the use of cognitive and psychomotor performance tests together with some experiment designs that could be considered for use to assess fitness of MCS sufferers for work or the efficacy of diagnostic, preventative, or therapeutic measures. The tests could also contribute to the body of objective information on MCS and help sway the opinion of those who are dubious of its authenticity. The credentials of cognitive and psychomotor performance tests are derived from their successful use in studying the effects of drugs, and the types of tests are illustrated by describing those used by the United Kingdom Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Chemical and Biological Defence Human Studies Group, which has been involved in the assessment of drugs and chemicals on work performance for many years. The tests include mathematical, verbal and spatial processing, tracking, reaction time, attention and vigilance, and memory tests. The discussion of experiment designs includes both repeated measures and parallel groups designs together with their advantages and disadvantages and some suggested modifications to accommodate the particular problems posed by MCS.
Counter-Ion Binding by Bile Acid Solutions
Authors: Natarajan Rajagopalan, Siegfried Lindenbaum
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The binding of Ca2+ to micelles of glycine and taurine bile acid conjugates was studied using a Ca2+-specific electrode. An investigation of the effect of buffer concentration, pH, added electrolyte and lecithin was also performed. The results indicate that the binding of Ca2+ to bile salt micelles is dependent on the number of hydroxyl groups on the steroid nucleus and on the nature of the head conjugating group, namely, glycine or taurine. It is speculated that the binding of Ca2+ to bile salt micelles may act as one mechanism to lower Ca2+ activity in bile and, thus, reduce its tendency to precipitate as insoluble calcium salts and further growth into gallstones.
Allogeneic transplantation of multiple umbilical cord blood units in adults: role of pretransplant-mixed lymphocyte reaction to predict host-vs-graft rejection
Authors: L R Fanning, Y Hegerfeldt, M Tary-Lehmann, M Lesniewski, J Maciejewski, R P Weitzel, M Kozik, M Finney, H M Lazarus, P Paul, M Z Ratajczak, H J Meyerson, M J Laughlin
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Pretreatment p53 Nuclear Overexpression as a Prognostic Marker in Superficial Bladder Cancer Treated with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)
Authors: Fabien Saint, Marie-Aude Le Frere Belda, Rodrigo Quintela, Andras Hoznek, Jean-Jacques Patard, Jacqueline Bellot, Zivko Popov, Elie S. Zafrani, Claude C. Abbou, Dominique K. Chopin, Sixtina Gil Diez de Medina
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Book Review The Large Intestine: Physiology, pathophysiology, and disease Edited by Sidney F. Phillips, John H. Pemberton, and Roy G. Shorter. 905 pp., illustrated. New York, Raven Press, 1991. $195. ISBN 0–88167–777–9 . Principles and Practice of Surgery for the Colon, Rectum, and Anus Edited by Philip H. Gordon and Santhat Nivatvongs. 1097 pp., illustrated. St. Louis, Quality Medical, 1992. $235. ISBN 0–683–14507-X .
Authors: Donald Glotzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)