tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 623: Role Of Cd73-derived Adenosine In Atherosclerosis
Authors: Anja Buchheiser, Barbara Emde, Jens W Fischer, Jürgen Schrader
Journal: Circulation (2007)

We recently reported that mice with targeted deletion of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) are characterized by enhanced platelet activation and increased adherence of monocytes to the endothelium. Wire-induced injury of the carotid artery resulted in enhanced neointima formation associated with increased macrophage content and VCAM-1 expression in CD73−/−mice. In order to study a possible modulation of atherogenesis and vascular inflammation by CD73-derived adenosine, we generated ApoE−/−/CD73−/− double mutant mice. Quantification and characterisation of atherosclerotic lesions was performed in WT, ApoE−/−, and ApoE−/− / CD73−/− mice on chow diet after 6 and 12 month, respectively, by macroscopic analysis of the descending thoracic aorta after oil red staining and by histological stainings for cholesterol, hyaloronic acid, and collagen in cryo sections of the aortic sinus. Immunohistological analysis of lesion morphology included primary antibodies for ICAM-1, VCAM-1, CD4, CD73, and CD11b. Determination of the plaque score by oil red staining revealed enhanced development of atherosclerotic lesions over the entire thoracic aorta after 6 month in the double mutant compared with ApoE−/− (2.5-fold increased, n=8, P&lt;0.05). Atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic sinus were substantially enlarged as compared to ApoE−/− mice. Changes in extracellular matrix composition were not detected. However, we found enhanced VCAM-1 expression in ApoE−/−/CD73−/− mice after 6 month, which was accompanied by an increased infiltration of monocytes and macrophages but unchanged T-cells. We also noted that in atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE−/− mice the expression and activity of CD73 was significantly increased compared to WT. Measurements of cytokines in plasma support the notion of an increased inflammatory state in the double knockout. Interestingly, after 12 months all double mutant mice showed multiple scattered myocardial infarcts associated with myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Our findings demonstrate that CD73-derived adenosine acts as an endogenous modulator protecting against chronic vascular inflammation and monocyte recruitment. Thus in the murine model, extracellular adenosine appears to limit the progression of atherosclerosis.
Abstract 12521: Assessing Arrhythmia Burden After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation by a Subcutaneous Implantable Loop Recorder: ABACUS Study
Authors: Suraj Kapa, Andrew E Epstein, David Callans, Fermin Garcia, David Lin, Rupa Bala, Michael Riley, Edward Gerstenfeld, Mathew Hutchinson, Francis Marchlinski, Elad Anter, Marc Deyell, Wendy Tzou, Joshua Cooper, Rajat Deo, Ralph Verdino, Vickas Patel, Karen Maslowski, Rosanne Clayton, Sanjay Dixit
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction Arrhythmia monitoring in patients (pts) undergoing atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation remains challenging. Holter and trans-telephonic monitors (TTMs) are cumbersome to use and provide ...
Caring for patients with asthma Guidance on routine self monitoring is not satisfactory
Authors: M Levy, J P Jamison, R K McKinley, O A Ahmed, B W Lloyd, I Gregg, C Butler, C Wilkinson, J Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Caring for padents with asthmaGuidance on routine selfmonitoring is not satisfactory EDrTOR,-The authors of the Grampian asthma study of integrated care failed to provide convincing evidence that routine self monitoring of peak expiratory flow does not improve asthma morbidity.'Several design flaws in the study related to power, patient selection, the intervention delivered, and outcome measures need discussing.The power calculation is based on 569 subjects, but data is provided for only 485 (239 monitoring peak expiratory flow, 246 controls); what about the
Abstract 5108: Microalbuminuria is Associated with Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Andrew P DeFilippis, Holly J Kramer, Ronit Katz, Nathan Wong, Alain Bertoni, Jeffrey J Carr, Matthew J Budoff, Roger S Blumenthal, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Microalbuminuria (MA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but the mechanism by which microalbuminuria imparts this increased risk is not known. In this study we assessed the relationship between MA and the development and progression of atherosclerosis by measuring the incidence of new CAC and the progression of existing CAC in individuals free of clinical CVD. Methods : The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a prospective cohort study of 6,814 participants free of clinical CVD at entry who underwent assessment of coronary artery calcification (CAC) by computerized tomography at baseline. Overall, 6,775 individuals had data available on urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR); 1,109 individuals were excluded for missing data or macroalbuminuria (UACR≥300 mg/g). Incident CAC was defined as detectable CAC at follow-up among those with CAC=0 at baseline, and absolute CAC score change among those with CAC&gt;0 at baseline. Relative risk (RR) regression adjusted for covariates; and multivariable adjusted median regression was employed to assess the independent relationship of MA with CAC incidence and progression. Results : Of the 5,666 subjects (mean age 62±10 years, 48% males), baseline MA was seen in 424 (7%) participants, who were more likely to have CAC compared to those with normal UACR (62% vs. 48%, p&lt;0.0001). During a mean follow-up of 2.4±0.8 years, those with MA were more likely to develop CAC (28% vs. 15%, p&lt;0.0001) and they had a higher absolute median increase in CAC (47 vs. 29 Agatston Units, p&lt;0.0001). After adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, site, follow-up duration, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, family history of heart attack, total cholesterol, lipid lowering medications and body mass index; MA was associated with incident CAC (RR 1.65; 95%CI 1.41–2.48) among those with CAC=0 at baseline. Among those with CAC&gt;0 at baseline, MA was associated with a median increase in CAC of 7.93 (95%CI 0.38 –15.47) Agatston Units in multivariable adjusted analyses (variables noted above). Conclusion : MA is independently associated with development of incident CAC and progression of CAC in an asymptomatic multi-ethnic population, and may in part explain its associated increased risk of CVD.
Yearly progression of low lung attenuation area in low dose CT scan for aymptomatic current smokers with normal lung function or GOLD stage I COPD
Authors: Seung Ho Choi, Chang Hyun Lee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

There is still no biomarkers identifying subjects at risk for COPD though the early detection and prevention of COPD is important. The purpose of this study was to investigate if we can identify yearly progression of low lung attenuation area (LAA -950 ) in smokers with normal lung function or GOLD stage 1 COPD.  From March 2007 to Oct 2012, initial and annual follow-up low dose CT scans with the measurement of LAA -950  were performed in a total of 86 current smokers (mean age; 48.1 years, mean initial pack years; 27.3±17.98) and 17 non-smokers (mean age; 46.7 years) at our institution. Visceral fat, body fat, BMI, and pulmonary function test (FEV 1 %, FEV 1 /FVC%) were also obtained.  Only baseline FEV 1 /FVC% was significantly decreased in smokers compared to non-smokers (mean 77.57±6.59 vs 82.44±4.17, P=0.006) and negatively correlated with smoking pack year (r=-0.355, P=0.001). However, only LAA -950  was significantly increased (mean 7.88±3.93, vs 9.85±5.50, p=0.001) in smokers after one year. BMI (23.88±2.54 vs 23.88±2.56), visceral fat (100.41± 16.81 vs 100.73±19.74), body fat (21.29±3.96 vs 21.64±3.88), FEV 1 % (99.80±12.63 vs 99.33±12.67) and FEV 1 /FVC% (77.57±6.59 vs 77.39±6.47) were not changed (P>0.05) in smokers on the annual follow-up study. There were no significant differences in the paired LAA -950 , BMI, visceral fat, body fat, FEV 1 % and FEV 1 /FVC% in non-smokers on the annual follow-up study.  Measurement of LAA -950  in low-dose CT scan may show individual yearly progression of microscopic emphysema in current smokers with normal lung function or GOLD stage 1 subjects who do not show significant annual changes in lung function.
Spontaneous human adult stem cell transformation (Retracted article. See vol. 70, pg. 6682, 2010)
Authors: D Rubio, J Garcia-Castro, MC Martin, R de la Fuente, JC Cigudosa, AC Lloyd, A Bernad
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Human adult stem cells are being evaluated widely for various therapeutic approaches. Several recent clinical trials have reported their safety, showing them to be highly resistant to transformation. The clear similarities between stem cell and cancer stem cell genetic programs are nonetheless the basis of a recent proposal that some cancer stem cells could derive from human adult stem cells. Here we show that although they can be managed safely during the standard ex vivo expansion period (6-8 weeks), human mesenchymal stem cells can undergo spontaneous transformation following long-term in vitro culture (4-5 months). This is the first report of spontaneous transformation of human adult stem cells, supporting the hypothesis of cancer stem cell origin. Our findings indicate the importance of biosafety studies of mesenchymal stem cell biology to efficiently exploit their full clinical therapeutic potential.
Fear and clothing.
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Two weeks ago, at a conference in South Africa, Wendy Orr told how, as a young prison doctor in 1983, she had exposed evidence of police torture and abuse of political detainees under the apartheid regime. At the time, Dr Orr was placing her career and perhaps even her life on the line. But she was driven by the belief that her sole duty as a doctor was to serve the sick. Overseeing (and implicitly condoning) a system …
Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy Use in 426 Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Stent Implantation
Authors: Juan M. Ruiz-Nodar, Francisco Marín, José Antonio Hurtado, José Valencia, Eduardo Pinar, Javier Pineda, Juan Ramón Gimeno, Francisco Sogorb, Mariano Valdés, Gregory Y.H. Lip
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Interference of cell cycle progression by zidovudine and lamivudine in NIH 3T3 cells
Authors: Jia-Long Fang, Lynda McGarrity, Frederick Beland
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

4366 

The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors zidovudine (3’-azido-3’-deoxythymidine; AZT) and lamivudine [(-)2’,3’-dideoxy-3’-thiacytidine; 3TC] are used extensively in the treatment of AIDS and in the prevention of the mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type I. AZT and 3TC are DNA replication chain terminators and capable of inducing various types of genotoxicity. The present study examines the effects of AZT and 3TC on cell cycle progression. Non-tumorigenic NIH3T3 cells were incubated with AZT (0 - 1 mM) or 3TC (0 - 0.5 mM) for up to 5 weeks. The number of viable cells was decreased by AZT, in a dose-dependent manner, at exposures > 24 h. After a 1-week post-AZT treatment culture (PR6), following 5 weeks of AZT treatment, the cell viability of the AZT-treated cells was 37 - 50% when compared to control cells. 3TC decreased the cell viability at only the two highest doses, and the decrease in cell viability was reversed upon the removal of the 3TC (PR6). Neither apoptotic nor necrotic cell death contributed to the decrease in viable cells with AZT or 3TC treatment. AZT produced a dose-dependent accumulation of cells in the S and G2/M phase, with a corresponding depletion in the number of cells in the G1/G0 phase. The effect of disruption on cell cycle progression persisted in AZT-treated cells upon the removal of the AZT (PR6). 3TC produced mainly an increase in percentage of cells in the S phase and a slight accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase, with a concomitant decrease in the percentage of cells in the G1/G0 phase. This occurred at the highest dose only and after 48 h of exposure. The cell cycle change was not reversed upon the removal of the 3TC (PR6). In AZT-treated cells, the protein levels of checkpoint 1 (chk1), checkpoint 2 (chk2), and the signalling intermediate 14-3-3 β were significantly decreased, whereas cyclin A was significantly increased and the tyrosine-specific kinase Wee1 was virtually unchanged. These data clearly indicate that zidovudine and lamivudine cause a delay cell cycle progression and that the checkpoint enzymes chk1 and chk2 may play an important role in this delay.
Abstract 19849: Non-invasive Detection of Iron as a New Marker of Unstable Plaques using Dual-energy CT and a New Porcine Plaque Model
Authors: Jia Wang, Nitin Garg, Xinhui Duan, Shuai Leng, Lifeng Yu, Yu Liu, Kay Parker, Erik L Ritman, Birgit Kantor, Cynthia H McCollough
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Abstract 1886: Dietary scores and cancer incidence, mortality and survival: Epidemiologic evidence and meta-analysis
Authors: Marjorie L. Mccullough, Ying Wang, Roma Shah, Susan Gapstur
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Diet scores or indices assess the degree to which an individual's reported diet conforms to dietary recommendations or culturally-defined healthful diets. Characterizing diet exposures in this way provides a more complete picture of individual dietary behavior, and potentially captures additive and/or interactive effects on disease risk. Such metrics, where higher points reflect better diets, and lower scores reflect worse diets, have been examined in relation to cancer incidence, mortality and survival. To date, the literature on the association between diet scores and cancer risk is inconsistent across and within scores. We conducted a literature search for prospective cohort studies of a priori dietary scores or indices in relation to cancer incidence, mortality or survival using PubMed. Meta-analyses were performed when at least five separate studies published results on a cancer outcome, using the same diet score. When studies on both incident and fatal outcomes were available from the same cohort for the same cancer/s, estimates from incident outcomes were used. If more than one version of the same score in the same cohort was evaluated, we used the most recent score. Estimates in men and women were included separately. Meta-analyses of four out of six diet scores and the outcome “total cancer incidence or mortality” showed significant inverse associations comparing top vs bottom quantiles, often with significant study heterogeneity: the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) Relative Risk (RR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.93, p heterogeneity = 0.02; Healthy Eating Index (HEI) RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.77-0.92, p heterogeneity&amp;lt;0.001; Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) RR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.78-0.85, p heterogeneity = 0.35; and WCRF/AICR RR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.68-0.86, p heterogeneity = 0.046. The associations with the Recommended Food Score (RFS) and Diet Quality Index (DQI) were not statistically significant. The MDS was associated with significantly lower colorectal cancer risk (RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.73-0.91, p heterogeneity = 0.034). In studies of cancer survivors, less than three studies were available for each diet score/outcome combination; thus no meta-analyses of cancer survival were conducted. These results suggest that following recommended dietary guidelines or the Mediterranean healthy diet pattern may significantly reduce overall cancer risk. The limited number of studies in cancer survivors indicates a need for further research. Citation Format: Marjorie L. Mccullough, Ying Wang, Roma Shah, Susan Gapstur. Dietary scores and cancer incidence, mortality and survival: Epidemiologic evidence and meta-analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1886. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1886
Lesson of the Week: Vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia in the United Kingdom
Authors: N J Watson, C H Hutchinson, H R Atta
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Vitamin A was discovered at the turn of the century.1 It is required for normal cellular growth and differentiation and has an important role in the visual process.2 The effects on the eye of vitamin A deficiency are often seen in developing countries. It occurs primarily in children of school age and is usually seen in association with other nutritional deficits, such as multiple vitamin deficiencies and protein calorie malnutrition (marasmus). Over 124 million children worldwide are estimated to be deficient in vitamin A.3 This deficiency causes between one and two million deaths annually among children aged 1-4 years3 and is the commonest cause of childhood blindness in the world; over five million children develop xerophthalmia annually, a quarter of a million or more becoming blind.

Sporadic cases of dietary vitamin A deficiency are rare in the Western world,4 5 but patients with abnormal metabolism can manifest signs and symptoms of vitamin deficiency. These secondary deficiencies can occur with drugs and after small bowel bypass surgery, chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, and severe liver disease. In severe liver disease there is reduced production of retinol binding protein, reduced amounts of zinc, and reduced storage of vitamin A esters in the liver.

### CASE 1

A 53 year old man presented with a one month history of poor dark-light adaptation and “everything appearing orange in the morning.” His nutritional problems developed after a complicated myocardial infarction had resulted in a superior mesenteric artery embolism. This necessitated extensive resection of the small bowel, leaving him with …
a Phase 1 Evaluation of Duvelisib (IPI-145), a PI3K-δ,γ Inhibitor, in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory iNHL
Authors: Ian Flinn, Yasuhiro Oki, Manish Patel, Steven M. Horwitz, Francine M. Foss, Jennifer Sweeney, Kerstin Allen, Mark Douglas, Lori Steelman, Joi Dunbar, Howard M. Stern, Patrick Kelly, Brad Kahl
Journal: Blood (2014)
Moving Beyond Binary Grading of Coronary Arterial Stenoses on Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Victor Cheng, Ariel Gutstein, Arik Wolak, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Damini Dey, Heidi Gransar, Louise E.J. Thomson, Sean W. Hayes, John D. Friedman, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2008)
Abstract 6179: Baseline Q Trumps Time from Symptom Onset as a Prognostic Marker in STEMI Patients Treated with Primary PCI
Authors: Paul W Armstrong, Yuling Fu, Cynthia M Westerhout, Harvey D White, Michael P Hudson, Kenneth W Mahaffey, Thomas G Todaro, Philip E Aylward, Christopher B Granger
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Compare maximum and minimum pressures
Authors: M. Clark
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Pressure soresNot considered a priority by medical staff EDrrOR,-R K Vohra and C N McCollum's review of pressure sores is a timely reminder of the continuing silent epidemic of pressure sores both in hospital and in the community.'Pressure sores impose two main penalties, financial and human.The financial costs are high and result from additional treatment, a prolonged stay in hospital, and a further demand on clinic (nursing) time.Prevention of pressure sores is based on constant vigilance and early action, with awareness being the keynote of success.A colleague and I conducted a detailed survey with a semistructured questionnaire in a university teaching hospital; medical staff responded poorly to the questionnaire because pressure sores were not considered to be a priority.2Only about a quarter of medical staff routinely assessed patients with regard to their risk of pressure sores, though most nursing and therapy staff performed routine assessments.Hospital staff other than nursing staff were unaware of any protocols for assessing pres- sure sores.Most of the respondents thought that the cost of treating an inpatient with a pressure sore was less than £;1000; this indicates their unaware- ness of the true cost.It is prudent to apply low technology early rather than high technology at a later stage.If equipment is required it should be compatible with existing equipment, and unless costs are realistic the strategy is doomed to failure.
Abstract 17244: Is Selection of Antiarrhythmic Drugs for Atrial Fibrillation Consistent with Guideline Recommendations: Results from a Large Contemporary Community Cohort
Authors: Nancy M Allen Lapointe, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Gillian Sanders, Eric Peterson, Sana Al-khatib
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objective: Guidelines for atrial fibrillation (AF) management give tiered recommendations for the selection of antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD). We explored AAD use from February 2006 through December 20...
Comparative Effectiveness of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Based Treatment on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Hypertensive Blacks Versus Whites
Authors: Gbenga Ogedegbe, Nirav R. Shah, Christopher Phillips, Keith Goldfeld, Jason Roy, Yu Guo, Joyce Gyamfi, Christopher Torgersen, Louis Capponi, Sripal Bangalore
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 13678: HDL Cholesterol, Leptin and Interleukin-6 Are Independent Predictors of Coronary Atherosclerotic Burden and Plaque Composition Assessed by Coronary Ct Angiography in Patient With Stable Angina
Authors: Chiara Caselli, Michiel De Graaf, Valentina Lorenzoni, Daniele Rovai, Martina Marinelli, Silvia Del Ry, Daniela Giannessi, Danilo Neglia, Arthur Scholte
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Coronary CT angiography (CTA) has been used to develop a novel CTA risk score for risk stratification of individual patients with stable angina. The new score integrates several features of coronary artery disease (CAD), i.e. plaque location, severity, and composition on coronary segments basis. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that circulating biomarkers related with metabolism and inflammation could be associated with the CTA risk score and its components. Methods: In 429 patients (60.3 ±0.4 years, 268 males) with chronic chest pain, enrolled in the European EVINCI study and submitted to quantitative CTA, a panel of 17 biomarkers was evaluated. The CTA risk score was calculated to assess overall atherosclerotic burden based on plaque extent, severity, composition, and location. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to identify biomarkers associated with the CTA score. Results: Only three biomarkers [HDL cholesterol, Interleukin (IL)-6 and leptin] were independent predictors of the overall atherosclerotic burden expressed by the CTA risk score (HDL: Coefficient - 0.129 (SE 0.03), p &lt; 0.0001; IL-6: 1.330 (0.42), p = 0.0017; leptin: - 0.166 (0.05), p = 0.0011), even after correction for clinical variables and medications. Lower HDL cholesterol levels and higher IL-6 were associated with non-calcified and mixed plaques, while lower leptin with mixed and calcified plaques (Fig. A). Conclusions: In patients with stable angina, circulating biomarkers, expressing abnormal cholesterol and lipid profiles as well as enhanced inflammatory process, are independently associated with the overall coronary atherosclerotic burden assessed by an integrated CTA risk score. HDL cholesterol and IL6 are markers of more vulnerable plaque types.