tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sjogren's syndrome: a stepwise approach to the use of diagnostic tests.
Authors: J Coll, M Porta, J Rubies-Prat, J Gutierrez-Cebollada, S Tomas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

One hundred and forty two patients (62 with definite Sjögren9s syndrome, 24 with probable Sjögren9s syndrome, and 56 in whom Sjögren9s syndrome was finally ruled out) were studied. Schirmer9s test and rose bengal staining for the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and salivary scintigraphy and a labial biopsy sample for the diagnosis of xerostomaia were studied in all patients. Rose bengal staining showed high specificity (98%) but low sensitivity (55%). All patients with positive rose bengal staining results had associated xerostomia. In the rose bengal staining positive patients, scintigraphy had 100% specificity. A labial biopsy sample showed high sensitivity in the rose bengal staining, salivary scintigraphy positive group, and high specificity in the rose bengal staining positive, salivary scintigraphy negative group. In patients with negative rose bengal staining, salivary scintigraphy showed 96% specificity and 36% sensitivity. A labial biopsy sample had a sensitivity and specificity greater than 90% in rose bengal staining negative patients. Only 29 biopsy samples were needed to achieve a diagnosis of Sjögren9s syndrome in 142 patients (20%). Hence the suggested approach may make it unnecessary to take biopsy samples in approximately 80% of patients with suspected Sjögren9s syndrome. Using the stepwise approach of first rose bengal staining, then salivary scintigraphy, and eventually a labial biopsy sample in patients with suspected Sjögren9s syndrome, the diagnosis is relatively simple.
Enteric Fever in Armies
Authors: J. O. Tunstall
Journal: BMJ (1901)

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Decreasing MRSA Infections
Authors: Michael William Climo
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of regional alpha- and beta-blockade on resting and hyperemic coronary blood flow in conscious, unstressed humans.
Authors: J M Hodgson, M D Cohen, S Szentpetery, M D Thames
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Our purpose was to determine if there are basal adrenergic influences on the coronary circulation in humans. We studied 56 patients with denervated hearts after cardiac transplantation and 19 normally innervated patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Coronary blood flow velocity was measured during cardiac catheterization with a subselective 3F intracoronary Doppler catheter. Heart rate was controlled by atrial pacing. Epicardial coronary artery diameter was measured by automated analysis of digital coronary angiograms. Coronary flow reserve was assessed by intracoronary papaverine hydrochloride (12 mg) injections. Regional sympathetic blockade was produced by intracoronary injections of phentolamine (3 mg, alpha) and propranolol (2 mg, beta) or metoprolol (3 mg, beta 1). After alpha-blockade, mean arterial pressure fell significantly (p less than 0.05) in both the denervated transplant (-5.8 +/- 1.5%) (mean +/- SEM) and normally innervated patients (-12.6 +/- 3.2%). Reductions in coronary flow velocity also were observed in these groups (-8.2 +/- 2.3% and -9.2 +/- 5.8%, respectively). Calculated coronary vascular resistance was unchanged. Similar changes were seen when patients were pretreated with beta-blockade before alpha-blockade. Nonspecific beta-blockade did not affect mean arterial pressure but decreased coronary velocity (innervated, -11.6 +/- 3.9%; denervated, -9.3 +/- 2.4%) and increased coronary vascular resistance (innervated, 15.4 +/- 6.7%; denervated, 10.2 +/- 3.7%). Coronary vascular resistance did not rise in either group after selective beta 1-blockade with metoprolol. Coronary flow reserve did not change in either patient group after either alpha- or beta-blockade. Changes in epicardial coronary artery diameter were small and generally not significant. These data suggest that alpha-receptor-mediated vascular tone is negligible in both denervated transplant patients and normally innervated patients. Additionally, the increase in vascular resistance after nonselective beta-blockade is the result of direct beta 2 vascular effects. Our data further suggest that there is little adrenergically mediated epicardial artery tone (either humoral or neural) at rest and that maximal vasodilator responses are not limited by adrenergically mediated vasomotor tone.
The gene for autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with pigmentary macular dystrophy maps to chromosome 3p12–p21.1
Authors: A. Benomar, L. Krols, G. Stevanin, G. Cancel, E. LeGuern, G. David, H. Ouhabi, J.-J. Martin, A. Dürr, A. Zaim, N. Ravisé, C. Busque, C. Penet, N. Van Regemorter, J. Weissenbach, M. Yahyaoui, T. Chkili, Y. Agid, C. Van Broeckhoven, A. Brice
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Monitoring Temperature During Anesthesia
Authors: Daniel W. Wingard
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In regard to Dr Flewellen's letter about temperature monitoring for malignant hyperthermia (MH) during anesthesia (235:1967,1976) and Dr Fanning's letter (236:1354,1976), I must agree with Dr Flewellen's position that all patients should have their temperature monitored during anesthesia and surgery. In his reply to Dr Fanning's letter, Dr Flewellen discusses the reasons for monitoring a patient's temperature. He points out that there are reasons other than MH for temperature monitoring of the anesthetized patient. It is important that we all recognize that temperature is one of the vital signs. We monitor routinely the other vital signs such as pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. What is wrong with monitoring the temperature? It has been known for years that changes in body temperatures have notable effects on metabolism, oxygen consumption, biotransformation, and response to anesthesia. I have had the opportunity to review many case histories of MH. The highest
Letter: Adverse reactions to intra-amniotic urea and prostaglandin.
Authors: A H Ross, W L Whitehouse
Journal: BMJ (1974)

bilirubinemia in the newborn, as has been suggested.5Finally, practically nothing is known.about the influence of diazepam upon the developing fetal brain or the developing neurological functions of the newborn.Thus we do not reconmnend the subchronic use of diazepam in any stage of pregnancy or in doses higher than 10-20 mg to the mother during labour.-Weare, etc.,
EML4-ALK Translocation Predicts Better Outcome in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with Wild-Type EGFR
Authors: Shang-Gin Wu, Yao-Wen Kuo, Yih-Leong Chang, Jin-Yuan Shih, Ya-Hui Chen, Meng-Feng Tsai, Chong-Jen Yu, Chih-Hsin Yang, Pan-Chyr Yang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Noninvasive assessment of the effects of nicorandil on left ventricular volumes and function in reperfused myocardial infarction
Authors: N Watzinger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Nicorandil, a K-ATP channel opener with a nitrate-like effect, is a potent vasodilator and has favorable hemodynamic effects in heart failure patients. While its cardio-protective properties in the setting of acute ischemia are well known, the long-term effects of oral nicorandil therapy on post-infarction left ventricular (LV) dilatation have not been investigated. Methods: Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in 30 Sprague–Dawley rats by 1 h of coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. After matching for infarction size, animals were randomly assigned to nicorandil treatment (3 mg/kg/day) given in tap water or no treatment (control group). Treatment was started 2 days after MI and continued for 8 weeks. Contrast-enhanced and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to determine infarction size, LV volumes, mass, ejection fraction, and regional wall thickness. Results: Nicorandil significantly decreased end-systolic volumes (0.33±0.02 ml; P<0.05) and improved LV ejection fraction (37±2%; P<0.01) compared to control rats (0.43±0.04 ml and 28±2%, respectively) 8 weeks after MI. During the study period, the increase in LV mass (ΔLVM) was significantly greater in control (0.09±0.03 g) than in treated animals (0.02±0.02 g, P<0.05). Moreover, nicorandil improved systolic wall thickening of the rim of infarction (P<0.001) and remote non-infarcted regions (P<0.01). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the long-term oral treatment with nicorandil started 2 days after MI attenuates left ventricular dilatation and improves cardiac function in rats with reperfused MI.
Patients' accounts of being removed from their general practitioner's list: qualitative study
Authors: T. Stokes
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To explore patients9 accounts of being removed from a general practitioner9s list. <b>Design</b> Qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews. <b>Setting</b> Patients9 homes in Leicestershire. <b>Participants</b> 28 patients who had recently been removed from a general practitioner9s list. <b>Results</b> The removed patients gave an account of themselves as having genuine illnesses needing medical care. In putting their case that their removal was unjustified, patients were concerned to show that they were "good" patients who complied with the rules that they understood to govern the doctor-patient relationship: they tried to cope with their illness and follow medical advice, used general practice services "appropriately," were uncomplaining, and were polite with doctors. Removed patients also used their accounts to characterise the removing general practitioner as one who broke the lay rules of the doctor-patient relationship. These "bad" general practitioners were rude, impersonal, uncaring, and clinically incompetent and lied to patients. Patients felt very threatened by being removed from their general practitioner9s list; they experienced removal as an attack on their right to be an NHS patient, as deeply distressing, and as stigmatising. <b>Conclusions</b> Removal is an overwhelmingly negative and distressing experience for patients. Many of the problems encountered by removed patients may be remediable through general practices having an explicit policy on removal and procedures in place to help with "difficult" patients.
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
Authors: Henry C. Lin
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which affects 11% to 14% of the population, is a puzzling condition with multiple models of pathophysiology including altered motility, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal brain-gut interaction, autonomic dysfunction, and immune activation. Although no conceptual framework accounts for all the symptoms and observations in IBS, a unifying explanation may exist since 92% of these patients share the symptom of bloating regardless of their predominant complaint.Ovid MEDLINE was searched through May 2004 for relevant English-language articles beginning with those related to bloating, gas, and IBS. Bibliographies of pertinent articles and books were also scanned for additional suitable citations.The possibility that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) may explain bloating in IBS is supported by greater total hydrogen excretion after lactulose ingestion, a correlation between the pattern of bowel movement and the type of excreted gas, a prevalence of abnormal lactulose breath test in 84% of IBS patients, and a 75% improvement of IBS symptoms after eradication of SIBO. Altered gastrointestinal motility and sensation, changed activity of the central nervous system, and increased sympathetic drive and immune activation may be understood as consequences of the host response to SIBO.The gastrointestinal and immune effects of SIBO provide a possible unifying framework for understanding frequent observations in IBS, including postprandial bloating and distension, altered motility, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal brain-gut interaction, autonomic dysfunction, and immune activation.
Diltiazem treatment prevents diastolic heart failure in mice with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dirk Westermann, Björn C. Knollmann, Paul Steendijk, Susanne Rutschow, Alexander Riad, Matthias Pauschinger, James D. Potter, Heinz‐Peter Schultheiss, Carsten Tschöpe
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Transpubic Access Using Pedicle Tubularized Labial Urethroplasty for the Treatment of Female Urethral Strictures Associated with Urethrovaginal Fistulas Secondary to Pelvic Fracture
Authors: Yue-Min Xu, Ying-Long Sa, Qiang Fu, Jiong Zhang, Hong Xie, San-Bao Jin
Journal: European Urology (2008)
68. Development of a Novel Non-Viral DNA Vaccine-Delivering Gene into the Nucleus of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Takashi Nakamra, Kentaro Kogure, Rumiko Moriguchi, Shiroh Futaki, Masahiro Fujimuro, Hideyoshi Yokosawa, Tsukasa Seya, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

DNA vaccine has potential advantages exceeding the conventional vaccine. Recently, dendritic cells (DCs) attract attention as a target of DNA vaccine because DCs have a key role in initiating and controlling immune responses and are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Currently, recombinant adenovirus (rAd) is used as the most efficient method for DC transduction. However, it is known that the DC transduction using rAd at a relatively high multiplicity of infection (MOI) interferes DC function and elicit strong immune response by presence of viral antigen. Therefore, the development of efficient non-viral gene vector is required to solve this problem.
Rose Marion Ferry
Authors: P. EDWARDS
Journal: BMJ (2003)

General practitioner Pontarddulais, Swansea (b 1953; q Cardiff 1982; BSc, MRCGP), died from a subarachnoid haemorrhage following the elective embolisation of an intracranial aneurysm on 26 July 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




Marion started a postgraduate teacher training course before deciding that her future lay in medicine. After qualification, she worked in a number of hospitals in south Wales, undertaking her general practice training around Pontypridd. In 1989 Marion and her family moved to a smallholding in the village of Llanedi. Shortly afterwards, she was taken on as the first female partner in a local practice. She leaves a husband and three children.
Antigen-Independent Determinants of Cadaveric Kidney Transplant Failure
Authors: Glenn M. Chertow
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the association of various antigen-independent factors with long-term cadaveric kidney transplant failure. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cohort analytic study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Kidney transplant centers (N=131) in the United States. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 31 515 patients who received cadaveric kidney transplants between October 1987 and December 1991. Patients with unknown or uninterpretable vital status or graft survival time (n=264 [0.8%]) were excluded. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Graft failure, estimated at 2 extremes, depending on whether the death of a patient with a functioning graft was censored ("censored graft failure") or not ("uncensored graft failure"). <h3>Results.</h3> —During the 62-month study period, 5883 patients required the reinstitution of dialysis because of graft failure, 2404 patients died with graft failure, and 2041 patients died with a functioning graft. The relative risks of censored and uncensored graft failure were significantly associated with donor age, sex, and race and recipient body surface area, after adjusting for recipient age, sex, race, diabetes, cold ischemia time, panel cross-reactivity, pretransplant blood transfusions, previous renal transplantation, functional status, and HLA antigen mismatch. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —In cadaveric kidney transplantation, selected demographic and anthropometric factors are significantly related to long-term graft outcomes, even after adjusting for well-known antigen-dependent risk factors. These results support the hypothesis that the supply of viable donor nephrons and the physiologic demands of the transplant recipient are important determinants of long-term graft failure. Antigen-independent factors such as donor age should be incorporated into organ allocation algorithms to optimize equity and efficiency.
John Desmond Lucey
Authors: R P Cookson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Bridlington, east Yorkshire (b Waterville, County Kerry, Ireland, 1922; q University College, Cork, 1946; MRCGP), died from carcinomatosis on 24 November 2002.

After house jobs in Hull and Coventry, Des Lucey entered general practice in Bridlington in 1950 until his retirement in 1987. He was an associate founder member of the Royal College of General Practitioners. He had skilled hands for anaesthetics and casualties, and was a flying doctor for the Yorkshire East Riding Voluntary and Emergency Service and a police surgeon for 30 years to East Riding, North Yorkshire, and Humberside. Fly fishing was one of his many hobbies in retirement. He leaves a wife, Kay; three children; and four grandchildren.
208 ANALYSIS OF CD8+ T-CELL RESPONSES TO AFP, GLYPICAN-3, MAGE-A1 AND NY-ESO-1 IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA REVEALS A CLEAR HIERARCHY AND IMMUNODOMINANCE
Authors: T. Flecken, E. Breous, C. Neumann-Haefelin, H.C. Spangenberg, O. Drognitz, H.E. Blum, R. Thimme
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
On the Varied Pattern of Evolution of 2 Fungal Genomes: A Critique of Hughes and Friedman
Authors: Ziheng Yang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

A number of statistical tests have been proposed to detect positive Darwinian selection affecting a few amino acid sites in a protein, exemplified by an excess of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions. These tests are often more powerful than pairwise sequence comparison, which averages synonymous (dS) and nonsynonymous (dN) rates over the whole gene. In a recent study, however, Hughes AL and Friedman R (2005. Variation in the pattern of synonymous and nonsynonymous difference between two fungal genomes. Mol Bio Evol. 22: 1320–1324) argue that dS and dN are expected to fluctuate along the sequence by chance and that an excess of nonsynonymous differences in individual codons is no evidence for positive selection. The authors compared codons in protein-coding genes from the genomes of 2 yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus. They calculated the proportions of synonymous and nonsynonymous differences per site (pS and pN) in every codon and discovered that pN is often greater than pS and that among some codons pS and pN are negatively correlated. The authors argued that these results invalidate previous tests of codons under positive selection. Here I discuss several errors of statistics in the analysis of Hughes and Friedman, including confusion of statistics with parameters, arbitrary data filtering, and derivation of hypotheses from data. I also apply likelihood ratio tests of positive selection to the yeast data and illustrate empirically that Hughes and Friedman's criticisms on such tests are not valid.
Reply to Z.S. Lalmahomed et al
Authors: Long R. Jiao, Richard Szydlo, Nagy A. Habib, R. Charles Coombes, Justin Stebbing
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

We appreciate the comments of Lalmahomed et al regarding our recent article, including the observation that low numbers of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are observed in the peripheral circulation of patients with metastatic colon cancer, compared with the hepatic macrocirculation. Recently published data have also shown that in the setting of primary lung cancer, CTCs were positive in the peripheral blood of some patients at low numbers and in the pulmonary vein of most patients at high numbers. It is interesting to note that patients with metastatic breast and prostate cancer have higher numbers of CTCs in their peripheral blood, and liver resections in these individuals are generally unsuccessful, unlike the situation now in colon cancer. Furthermore, the presence of CTCs, even a single CTC in the peripheral blood of individuals with colorectal cancer, may indicate a poorer prognosis or those patients who are not suitable for hepatic resections. To investigate the clinical significance of low numbers of CTCs in the periphery, outcome probabilities in our series were examined (Fig 1). Although no statistically significant differences were observed, individuals with zero peripheral CTCs had numerically superior survival and progression-free survival probabilities at 12 months. This suggests that the presence of a single peripheral CTC in certain settings may have prognostic relevance. We agree that use of larger volumes of blood will lead to the discovery of more cells and thereby more material for cell characterization at the protein, RNA, and DNA levels. If the goal is to obtain more cells, then their method will work. This technique has been in practice at Munich for the SUCCESS A, B, and C trials in adjuvant breast cancer follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, in all primary cancers, investigators are routinely using more blood, 20 to 30 mLs, for analyses. Preanalytic error may, however, be introduced when layering blood over Ficoll, and a proportion of cells will inevitably be lost in doing so, although this has not been formally compared in the published abstracts thus far. Furthermore, the cutoff claimed by the manufacturer for metastatic breast cancer is no longer valid for clinical use if larger volumes of blood are used. For fairness, we are also compelled to mention that drawing three tubes and running three tubes, without concentration, is proportionately more expensive.