tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patients With Substance Abuse Problems: Effective Identification, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Lisa J. Merlo, Mark S. Gold
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P2-16-15: Oncological Safety and Survival Rate According to Reconstructive Surgery in Advanced Breast Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.
Authors: WW Kim, JJ Lee, KH Nam, JH Jung, YS Chae, JD Yang, YH Lee, HY Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Oncoplastic surgery has received attention according as the incidence of breast cancer is rising and quality of life including cosmetic result after surgery is regarded as important. The aim of this study is to compare combined reconstructive surgery with standard surgery regarding to oncological safety and survival rate in advanced breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CTx). Method: Thirty-seven patients underwent neoadjuvant CTx and surgery with advanced breast cancer were analyzed from September 2007 to March 2010. Group A (n=12) received combined reconstructive surgery, group B (n=25) had standard surgery. Results: There were no differences in age, size, metastatic LN, stage, ER/PR/Her-2 status, recurrence, metastasis and death between group A and B. Patients with good response in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (26 cases (72.9%)) had CTx-operation-radiation therapy (RTx), cases with poor response (10 cases (27.1%)) underwent CTx-RTx-operation. There was significant difference in order of treatment, eight patients among group A(66.6%) had CTx-RTx-operation, 22 cases in group B(88.0%) received CTx-operation-RTx (p=0.006). Mean follow up period was 22 months, 2 patients (5.2%) experienced local recurrences, 11 cases (34.3%) diagnosed with distant metastasis, and 4 patients (10.5%) expired with breast cancer. Conclusion: Advanced breast cancer with poorly responded in neoadjuvant CTx could be actively treated with sequential CTx-RTx-reconstructive surgery. Combined reconstructive surgery was oncologically safe operation in advanced breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-16-15.
Chylothorax due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: P A Anton, J Rubio, P Casan, T Franquet
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Chylothorax in an adult is a rare cause of pleural effusion. Mycobacterium tuberculosis may cause chylous effusion, but usually in association with extensive intrapulmonary involvement. A case of chylothorax is presented in which M tuberculosis was isolated from the pleural fluid and was the only intrathoracic manifestation of tuberculosis.
Identification of two novel CAKUT-causing genes by massively parallel exon resequencing of candidate genes in patients with unilateral renal agenesis
Authors: Pawaree Saisawat, Velibor Tasic, Virginia Vega-Warner, Elijah O. Kehinde, Barbara Günther, Rannar Airik, Jeffrey W. Innis, Bethan E. Hoskins, Julia Hoefele, Edgar A. Otto, Friedhelm Hildebrandt
Journal: Kidney International (2011)

Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease in children, accounting for about half of all cases. Although many forms of CAKUT are likely caused by single-gene defects, mutations in only a few genes have been identified. In order to detect new contributing genes we pooled DNA from 20 individuals to amplify all 313 exons of 30 CAKUT candidate genes by PCR analysis and massively parallel exon resequencing. Mutation carriers were identified by Sanger sequencing. We repeated the analysis with 20 new patients to give a total of 29 with unilateral renal agenesis and 11 with other CAKUT phenotypes. Five heterozygous missense mutations were detected in 2 candidate genes (4 mutations in FRAS1 and 1 in FREM2) not previously implicated in non-syndromic CAKUT in humans. All of these mutations were absent from 96 healthy control individuals and had a PolyPhen score over 1.4, predicting possible damaging effects of the mutation on protein function. Recessive truncating mutations in FRAS1 and FREM2 were known to cause Fraser syndrome in humans and mice; however, a phenotype in heterozygous carriers has not been described. Thus, heterozygous missense mutations in FRAS1 and FREM2 cause non-syndromic CAKUT in humans.
Malignant mesothelioma: predictors of prognosis and clinical trials
Authors: J P C STEELE
Journal: Thorax (2000)

The Journal Impact Factors for 1999 have recently been released 1 and indicate that Thorax has again increased its impact factor, from 2.861 in 1998 to 3.437 in 1999.Thorax has thus further consolidated its position as the highest ranking specialist respiratory journal after the two American Thoracic Society publications.The position of Thorax in terms of impact factor relative to other selected specialist journals of similar or complementary interest is shown in the table.We are pleased to see this continued improvement in the international status of the journal, and thank all who have helped to achieve it.The ultimate determinant of the impact factor of the journal is the standard of the papers submitted to us.
A STUDY OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHANGES IN EPITHELIOMA UNDER THE X-RAY.A PRELIMINARY REPORT.
Authors: J. CLARK STEWART
Journal: JAMA (1903)

3. Patients lying in bed should have the diseased joints exposed to the direct rays of the sun, their heads and eyes being protected by green glasses or shades.The joints may be covered with blue, so as to secure easiest passage of the ultra-violet actinic rays, and local medications rich in iodin may be also employed as desired.4. Tent life on the hospital grounds, or better, in the open pine forest, can be successfully employed through both summer and winter.5. Sanatoria should be established for tuberculosis of the hard tissues, as well as of the soft.6.The concentration of the sun's rays by lenses, as suggested by Butler, Finsen and others, is of positive benefit in bactericidal influence.As final cu rative agents, however, the direct sun's rays are most effective.Elec- trical rays can be used when sunlight is lacking.7. The Boentgen rays in the laboratory have an inhib- itory power on the tubercle bacilli, and may prove useful in restraining the growth of these micro-organisms in living tissues.8. The actinic rays and the ar-rays are both apparently helpful in the fight with tuberculosis, but several years will be required to determine accurately their effect.They should be employed not to supercede, but to ante- date and to supplement operative procedures, to assist the mechanical protection of the joint, and to increase the general therapeutic measures employed.BIBLIOGRAPH V.
Molecular phylogeny and genome evolution in the Drosophila virilis species group: duplications of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene
Authors: D. I. Nurminsky, E. N. Moriyama, E. R. Lozovskaya, D. L. Hartl
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Drosophila virilis is a prominent reference species for comparison with Drosophila melanogaster in regard to patterns and mechanisms of molecular and genomic evolution. Sequences were determined for 11 Adh genes from 8 species of the D. virilis species group, including species from both the virilis phylad and the montana subphylad. The genome of D. virilis contains a 6-kb duplication that includes the entire Adh coding region. The pattern of sequence identity within the duplication strongly suggests a recent gene-conversion event bordered by 36-bp indels. As in other Drosophila, the amino-acid coding region of Adh is encoded by three exons interrupted by two short introns. The promoter region includes 16 blocks of sequence that are well conserved in D. virilis, Drosophila hydei, and D. melanogaster. The developmental profile of Adh transcription suggests a distal/proximal promoter switch analogous to that in D. melanogaster. Duplicate Adh genes were also found in Drosophila montana and Drosophila lacicola, which apparently originated independently of that in D. virilis. The Adh genes in all species of the D. virilis group have among the lowest codon bias of any Adh genes so far reported in the genus Drosophila. Taking the low codon bias into account, we estimate the time of divergence between the virilis and montana clades as 9.0 +/- 0.7 Mya and the approximate time of divergence of D. virilis from other members of the virilis phylad as 2.6 +/- 0.4 Mya. The region of the D. virilis genome containing Adh, as well as the chromosome as a whole, gives evidence of extensive rearrangements relative to the genome of D. melanogaster.
Natural History of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients-A Fifteen-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Geoffrey Dusheiko, Ernest Song, Sheila Bowyer, Michael Whitcutt, Gunthild Maier, Anthony Meyers, Mlchael C. Kew
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers were measured in 83 immunosuppressed renal transplant patients who were followed for periods of 2 to 15 years. Sixty-nine patients were negative for HBsAg before transplantation, of whom 14 were positive for anti-HBs. The remaining 14 patients were HBsAg positive prior to transplantation. Eighteen patients were identified as being HBsAg positive during the follow-up period. Four patients acquired primary type B hepatitis; one died of submassive hepatic necrosis and the remaining three became chronic HBV carriers with positive HBeAg, DNA polymerase, and HBV DNA. Several patterns of HBV expression were observed in HBsAg-positive patients. Four patients were HBsAg, HBeAg, DNA polymerase, and HBV DNA positive prior to transplantation, and these markers persisted. Reactivation of HBV replication occurred in eight patients, seven of whom were HBsAg positive and HBeAg and anti-HBe negative originally; one patient was anti-HBc positive. A single patient was HBsAg and anti-HBe positive and remained so for 22 months. The remaining previously HBsAg-positive patient is currently HBsAg negative. These serological data suggest that reactivation of HBV replication or continued hepatitis B virion replication occurs as commonly or more commonly than de novo infection in renal transplant recipients. The presence of HBeAg in serum predisposes to long-term Dane particle expression in immunosuppressed patients, whereas anti-HBe-positive carriers may not always be susceptible to reactivation of HBV replication despite immunosuppression.
Nasal Inflammation In Vernal Keratoconjuntivitis: Epiphenomenon Or Pathogenic Role?
Authors: G. Passalacqua, L. Spadavecchia, P. Fanelli, M.L. Fiorella, C. Russo, R. Fiorella, L. Armenio, M. Gelardi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Emerging Anticancer Therapeutic Targets and the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Xuyang Peng, Laura Pentassuglia, Douglas B. Sawyer
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

The race for a cure to cancer continues, fueled by unprecedented discoveries of fundamental biology underlying carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. The expansion of the target list and tools to approach them is moving the oncology community extraordinarily rapidly to clinical trials, bringing new hope for cancer patients. This effort is also propelling biological discoveries in cardiovascular research, because many of the targets being explored in cancer play fundamental roles in the heart and vasculature. The combined efforts of cardiovascular and cancer biologists, along with clinical investigators in these fields, will be needed to understand how to safely exploit these efforts. Here, we discuss a few of the many research foci in oncology where we believe such collaboration will be particularly important.
Radioactivity and Health: A History
Authors: Victor E. Archer
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This is an excellent, well-written encyclopedic review of the history of and research on the effects of internal radiation on animals and humans by one of the grand old men of radiobiology. Although its focus is on studies of internal emitters done within the US Department of Energy Laboratories (and predecessors), for completeness it includes accounts of pertinent studies done elsewhere, such as Madame Curie's work, bone tumors from radium, and the lung cancer epidemics of uranium miners. Intended as a reference work, with nearly 4500 literature citations, it also includes material from interviews of 128 older scientists. Many of the references are to previously classified documents. Other attributes are thorough subject and name indexes and a plethora of overviews, chronological listings, summaries, and comments. There are frequent generalizations and judgments, as befits a senior scientist. After reviewing the origins and state of internal emitter radiobiology as related to natural
Intrasubject variability in airway inflammation in biopsies in mild to moderate stable asthma.
Authors: I Richmond, H Booth, C Ward, E H Walters
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We have studied intrasubject variability with respect to counts of immunostained inflammatory cells in snap frozen endobronchial biopsies from a group of patients with clinically mild to moderate stable asthma. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was used to obtain endobronchial biopsies from the upper and lower lobes in 12 volunteer subjects with asthma on two separate occasions 1 mo apart. During this period there was no significant change in asthma treatment, symptom scores, pulmonary function, or airway hyperresponsiveness. With the aid of immunohistochemistry and interactive image analysis, subepithelial counts for T lymphocytes, T-lymphocyte subsets, and eosinophils were made. There was wide intrasubject variability between anatomic site and with time for all the inflammatory cell counts. In each case the intrasubject variability with time was greater than lobar differences. Power calculations were made to establish the optimal sample size required for each marker. We conclude that even in stable asthma considerable biologic variability compounds sampling variability. Such sources of variability need to be borne in mind when calculating the likely power of intervention studies using biopsy data as end points. Power calculations suggest that approximately 15 subjects would be an optimal number with little advantage in increasing beyond this.
Acute leukemia following treatment of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia with uracil mustard
Authors: Ban T. Toh, Stephanie A. Gregory, William H. Knospe
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Transformation to acute leukemia (AL) is known to occur in polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). Myelosuppressive therapy with agents such as 32P and alkylating agents increase this risk in both disorders. The alkylating agent, uracil mustard (UM), which is an effective agent for controlling thrombocytosis, has not been reported to be leukemogenic. We have treated 29 patients with UM (9 treated continuously and 20 treated intermittently): II with PV, 16 with ET, and 2 with myelofibrosis (MF). Three patients developed AL, two after continuous therapy. These two patients with PV had received the fourth highest and highest total dose of UM, and their duration of treatment was the third and fourth longest among the nine patients treated continuously, respectively. One out of 20 patients treated intermittently with UM developed AL. This patient (3) with ET had received the highest total dose of UM, and her duration of treatment was the longest among the 20 patients treated intermittently.
Physical Activity Attenuates Intermittent Hypoxia-induced Spatial Learning Deficits and Oxidative Stress
Authors: David Gozal, Deepti Nair, Aviv D. Goldbart
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Exposure to intermittent hypoxia (IH), such as occurs in sleep-disordered breathing, is associated with substantial cognitive impairments, oxidative stress and inflammation, and increased neuronal cell losses in brain regions underlying learning and memory in rats. Physical activity (PA) is now recognized as neuroprotective in models of neuronal injury and degeneration.To examine whether PA will ameliorate IH-induced deficits.Young adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups including normal activity (NA) or PA for 3 months and then subjected to either normoxia (RA) or exposure to IH during the light phase during the last 14 days.Significant impairments in IH-exposed rats emerged on both latency and pathlength to locate the hidden platform in a water maze and decreased spatial bias during the probe trials. These impairments were not observed in PA-IH rats. In addition, the PA-IH group, relative to NA-IH, conferred greater resistance to both lipid peroxidation and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (DNA damage) in both the cortex and hippocampus. In support of a neuroprotective effect from PA, PA-IH versus NA-IH rats showed greater AKT activation and neuronal insulin growth factor-1 in these regions.Behavioral modifications such as increased physical activity are associated with decreased susceptibility to IH-induced spatial task deficits and lead to reduced oxidative stress, possibly through improved preservation of insulin growth factor-1-Akt neuronal signaling. Considering the many advantages of PA, interventional strategies targeting behavioral modifications leading to increased PA should be pursued in patients with sleep-disordered breathing.
T3 Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) protects against inflammatory processes in Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)
Authors: M. J. Heightman, H. L. Booth, G. J. Laurent, M. R. Hill, R. M. McAnulty
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> TIMP3 expression in the lung increases with age and in ILD. TIMP3 binds extracellular matrix (ECM) where it influences cellular behaviour both via inhibition of MMPs and unique functions including inhibition of ADAM17 mediated release of membrane-bound TNFa. TIMP3 gene polymorphisms protect against hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and TIMP3<sup>−/−</sup> mice show spontaneous pulmonary airspace enlargement, increased inflammatory responses in models of hepatic injury and arthritis and increased neoangiogenesis. We hypothesise that TIMP3 and TIMP3 gene polymorphisms contribute to inflammatory processes in ILD. This has been investigated by TIMP3 gene SNP discovery and a case-control SNP association study in sarcoidosis. SNP function has been investigated in primary human cells from sarcoidosis patients and controls of known genotype. Finally the response of TIMP3 -/- mice to lung injury with bleomycin has been examined. <h3>Methods</h3> <i>SNP discovery</i>: the TIMP3 gene was PCR amplified and sequenced in 22 subjects. <i>Association studies</i>: 175 UK AfroCarribean sarcoidosis patients and 284 controls were genotyped using TaqMan assays. <i>Functional studies</i>: alveolar macrophages (AM) were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), n=18, and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from venous blood, n=14, with real-time PCR of TIMP3 mRNA via TaqMan assay. <i>Animal studies</i>: TIMP3<sup>−/−</sup> mice and controls were treated with oropharyngeal bleomycin (2 mg/kg) and lungs assessed at 3, 21 and 28 days for BAL, histology, RNA and protein analysis. <h3>Results</h3> The TIMP3 gene is conserved with 2 promoter SNPs and 2 synonymous SNPs in exon 3 identified. Carriage of at least one SNP showed a protective effectagainst sarcoidosis, odds ratio (OR) 0.68 (p=0.019) driven by patients &lt;35 years, OR 0.56 (p=0.016). The protective haplotype associates with increased TIMP3 gene expression in AM and MDM (p=0.021). TIMP3<sup>−/−</sup> mice show increased lymphocytosis in BAL at days 21 and 28 (p=0.001) (Abstract T3 Figure 1) more diffuse injury and increased neoangiogenesis within lesions on histological assessment. <h3>Conclusions</h3> TIMP3 promoter SNPs may increase gene expression and appear protective against granulomatous lung disease. Absence of TIMP3 leads to increased lymphocytic inflammation in the bleomycin model. Mechanisms for this are being investigated. Together these findings suggest that TIMP3 restricts lymphocytic inflammation in the lung.
Response of Dogs' Cutaneous Veins to Local and Central Temperature Changes
Authors: MICHAEL M. WEBB-PEPLOE, JOHN T. SHEPHERD
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

To study the separate actions of peripheral and central temperature-sensitive systems on the cutaneous veins of the dog, a cross-circulation preparation was made in which hindleg and central temperatures could be varied independently. The lateral saphenous vein of a vascularly isolated hindleg was cross-perfused at constant flow; the difference between perfusion and femoral vein pressures was a measure of venomotor activity. With central temperature constant, local cooling of one leg from 47° to 17°C caused the lateral saphenous vein to constrict; sensitivity to cooling was maximal between 42° and 27°C. With leg temperature constant, central cooling caused the lateral saphenous vein to constrict; over the range of 40° to 33°C, the constriction was linearly related to the decrease in temperature. Central heating reduced the response to local cooling, whereas central cooling had the opposite effect. Thus a decrease in central temperature from 38° to 34°C increased the venoconstrictor response to local cooling from 42° to 22°C by a factor of ten or more.