tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract C13: Targeting interleukin 6 signaling suppresses glioma stem cell survival and tumor growth
Authors: Hui Wang, Justin Lathia, Qiulian Wu, Jialiang Wang, Zhizhong Li, John Heddleston, Christine Eyler, Jennifer Elderbroom, Roger McLendon, Xiao-Fan Wang, Anita Hjelmland, Jeremy Rich
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Glioblastomas are the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor. Recent studies implicate an important role for a restricted population of neoplastic cells (glioma stem cells (GSCs)) in glioma maintenance and recurrence. We now demonstrate that GSCs preferentially express two interleukin 6 (IL6) receptors: IL6 receptor alpha (IL6Ra) and glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Targeting IL6Ra or IL6 ligand expression in GSCs with the use of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) significantly reduces growth and neuro-sphere formation capacity while increasing apoptosis. Per-turbation of IL6 signaling in GSCs attenuates signal transducers and activators of transcription three (STAT3) activation, and small molecule inhibitors of STAT3 potently induce GSC apoptosis. These data indicate that STAT3 is a downstream mediator of prosurvival IL6 signals in GSCs. Targeting of IL6Ra or IL6 expression in GSCs increases the survival of mice bearing intracranial human glioma xenografts. IL6 is clinically significant because elevated IL6 ligand and receptor expression are associated with poor glioma patient survival. The potential utility of anti-IL6 therapies is demonstrated by decreased growth of subcutaneous human GSC-derived xenografts treated with IL6 antibody. Together, our data indicate that IL6 signaling contributes to glioma malignancy through the promotion of GSC growth and survival, and that targeting IL6 may offer benefit for glioma patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C13.
Clinical course and outcome of pregnancies in amenorrhoeic women with hyperprolactinaemia and pituitary tumours
Authors: T. Bergh, S. J. Nillius, L. Wide
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Seventeen term pregnancies occurred in 14 amenorrhoeic women with hyperprolactinaemia and radiological evidence of pituitary tumour. The abortion rate was high (32%). All but one of the term pregnancies occurred after ovulation-inducing treatment with human gonadotrophins and bromocriptine (four and 12 pregnancies respectively). Two of the 14 women had visual complications during pregnancy, but neither had serious residual visual impairment. Two patients had possible pituitary enlargement during pregnancy.Bromocriptine may be the most suitable primary treatment for many infertile women with prolactin-secreting tumours. Tumour complications during pregnancy are a definite risk, but most pregnancies went uneventfully to term. Patients with pituitary tumour should be carefully evaluated before starting ovulation-inducing treatment with bromocriptine alone, and they should be told of the possible risks and of the advantages and disadvantages of pretreatment with irradiation or surgery. Patients should be carefully monitored during pregnancy and have their visual fields checked frequently. If visual complications due to tumour enlargement occur during a pregnancy, reinstituting bromocriptine may be the treatment of choice. If this fails, other forms of treatment such as induction of labour, high-dose corticosteroid treatment, pituitary implantation of yttrium-90, or surgery may be effective.
Rabbit model for in vivo study of anthracycline‐induced heart failure and for the evaluation of protective agents
Authors: Tomáš Šimůnek, Ivona Klimtová, Jana Kaplanová, Yvona Mazurová, Michaela Adamcová, Martin Štěrba, Radomír Hrdina, Vladimír Geršl
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2003)
Distal Lung Dysfunction at Night in Nocturnal Asthma
Authors: MONICA KRAFT, JUNO PAK, RICHARD J. MARTIN, DAVID KAMINSKY, CHARLES G. IRVIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We have previously shown that patients with nocturnal worsening of asthma (nocturnal asthma) exhibit increased parenchymal inflammation at night. To evaluate the functional significance of this parenchymal inflammation, 10 subjects with nocturnal asthma (NA), four subjects with non-nocturnal asthma (NNA), and four normal control subjects underwent bronchoscopy with measurement of peripheral airways resistance (Rp) at 4:00 P.M. and at 4:00 A.M. Employing a wedged bronchoscope technique, Rp was measured. Flow was stopped, and the pressure reached after 10 s of decay was termed the plateau pressure. The time constant of this decay (tau) was measured, and the peripheral compliance (Cp) was calculated as tau/Rp. The NA group exhibited the highest Rp values at 4:00 P.M. and at 4:00 A.M. as compared with the NNA and control groups, but all groups were significantly different from each other at 4:00 P.M.: NA, 0.113 +/- 0.02 cm H(2)O/ml/min; NNA, 0.033 +/- 0.005 cm H(2)O/ml/min; Control subjects, 0.010 +/- 0.001 cm H(2)O/ ml/min; p = 0.0001; and at 4:00 A.M.: NA, 0.129 +/- 0.023 cm H(2)O/ ml/min; NNA, 0.035 +/- 0.007 cm H(2)O/ml/min; Control subjects, 0.009 +/- 0.002 cm H(2)O/ml/min; p = 0.0003. None of the groups exhibited statistically significant differences in Rp between 4:00 P.M. and 4:00 A.M. The plateau pressure increased significantly from 4:00 P.M. to 4:00 A.M., but only in the NA group (7.7 +/- 0.9 cm H(2)O at 4:00 P.M. versus 16.9 +/- 4.6 cm H(2)O at 4:00 A.M.; p = 0.0004). Cp was decreased in the NA group as compared with the NNA and control groups at both 4:00 P.M. (p = 0.0003) and 4:00 A.M. (p = 0.003). The Rp positively correlated with the residual volume at both 4:00 P.M. (r = 0.71, p = 0.004) and 4:00 A.M. (r = 0.59, p = 0.03). We conclude that the distal lung units, specifically the collateral channels, and may be functionally altered at night in NA.
PROPERTIES OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF A CHICKEN TUMOR
Authors: James B. Murphy, Ernest Sturm
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

The presence of an inhibiting substance in the chicken tumor is shown by the fact that a desiccate of the tumor is more active after it has been washed two or three times with water, and that an extract of the tumor is more potent after some factor is removed by adsorption on aluminum hydroxide. When the tumor-producing factor in an extract of a slow-growing tumor has been destroyed by heating at 55 degrees C. it is found to have the property of neutralizing a highly active tumor extract. This inhibiting property is destroyed by heating over 65 degrees C.
Abstract LB-62: Direct visualization of circulating sarcoma cells by whole-blood fluorescence in-situ hybridization
Authors: Alexei Morozov, Margaret Leversha, Mary-Louise Keohan, David R. D'Adamo, Gary K. Schwartz, Paul Meyers, Robert G. Maki, Malcolm A.S. Moore
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Several sarcoma subtypes are characterized by well-defined genetic events such as chromosomal translocations or gene amplification. In translocation-associated sarcomas, the presence of the fusion transcript can be detected in peripheral blood by RT-PCR. However, sarcoma cells have never been directly visualized in peripheral blood due to the absence of specific immunocytochemical markers. Methods: We developed a novel method to examine large numbers of peripheral blood cells for the presence of sarcoma-associated genetic changes. Using an IRB-approved biospecimen collection protocol, peripheral blood was collected from 20 patients with translocation-associated sarcomas or well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas (WD/DD LS), which are characterized by MDM2 amplification. In this exploratory phase, the analysis was limited to patients with high burden of disease, evidence of disease progression or recurrence. Immuno-FISH was performed using CD45 immunostaining to identify hematopoietic cells and the corresponding FISH probe, either a break-apart probe (SYT, DDIT3) or MDM2 probe to detect amplification. Results: ADW2-amplified cells were detected in a subset of WD/DD LS peripheral blood samples, while translocation-positive cells were detected in samples of synovial sarcoma (using the SYT breakapart probe) and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (using the DDIT3 breakapart probe). We are currently developing the techniques to quantitate the frequencies of such CD45(-) Probe(+) cells. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first report of direct visualization of sarcoma cells in peripheral blood using whole-blood FISH analysis. We are currently characterizing these cells morphologically and immunocytochemically. In addition, we are developing tools necessary to perform quantitative analysis of circulating tumor cell frequencies in peripheral blood samples, to begin to establish whether the levels of circulating tumor cells correlate with tumor burden and response to therapy. This method may be applicable to other tumors where defined genetic lesions exist that are amenable to FISH analysis, such as chromosomal translocations or genomic gains or losses. The goal is to use such genotype-based analysis to explore the phenotypic diversity of circulating tumor cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-62.
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MARMOSETS TO YELLOW FEVER VIRUS
Authors: Nelson C. Davis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. It has been possible to introduce yellow fever virus into the small Brazilian monkeys, Callithrix albicollis and Leontocebus ursulus, by the bites of infected mosquitoes and to carry the virus through a series of four passages in each species and back to rhesus monkeys by the bites of Stegomyia mosquitoes fed on the last marmoset of each series. 2. Five specimens of L. ursulus were used. Four developed fever, and all died during the experiments. At least two showed liver necroses comparable to those found in human beings and rhesus monkeys that died of yellow fever. 3. Twenty specimens of C. albicollis were used. Very few showed a temperature reaction following the introduction of virus. Of those that died, none had lesions typical of yellow fever as seen in certain other species of monkeys and in humans. 4. The convalescent serum from each of five C. albicollis protected a rhesus monkey against yellow fever virus, but the serum from a normal marmoset of the same species was found to be non-protective.
Proposed Flat Tax on Vaccines Seen Likely to Pass
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

FLAT TAXES seem to be an idea whose time has come. For months, suggestions to develop a flat rate for income taxes have been some folks' favorite coffee table talk. Now Congress is considering a flat tax on vaccines. The Clinton administration has proposed a flat tax of 51 cents per antigen/ disease regardless of the immunogen. If approved by Congress, such a move may mean that some vaccines will be less expensive. The tax is levied by Congress to fund awards made under the Vaccine Injury Compensation Act of 1988 following adjudication of claims for injuries as a result of public health immunization programs. Like other taxes on products, it is generally passed on to the ultimate consumer. Will Congress act on the flat vaccine tax proposal? "We know of no opposition to it. The Treasury Department has of course agreed to it, and it is an administration proposal,"
Echocardiographic evidence of left ventricle hypercontractility during head-up tilt in pataints with neurocardiogenic syncope
Authors: Yoseph Shalev, Rami Gal, Patrick Tchou, James McKinnie, Sergio Kershenovich, Jasbir Sra, Mohammad Jazayeri, Masood Akhtar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Biochemical mechanism of oxidative damage by redox-cycling drugs.
Authors: G Rotilio, I Mavelli, L Rossi, M R Ciriolo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Biochemical mechanisms of production of redox intermediates of redox-cycling drugs include: photochemical events, either photoionization process or electron transfer from photoexcited states; electron exchange of reduced form of a drug with the oxy state of oxygen-binding hemoproteins; oxidation by catalytic metal centers (oxidases, peroxidases, oxygenases) of the reduced forms of drugs; or electron transfer to the oxidized form of a drug from activated intracellular electron transfer chain (mitochondria, microsomes, etc.). Further reaction of these drug free radicals can lead to oxidative damage by either direct attack of biological macromolecules or via oxygen reduction, giving O2-, H2O2, and OH. The reaction pathway depends on the presence of metal ions, natural scavengers, enzymes that control relative concentrations of reactive species, and availability of oxygen in the environment.
How to deal with influenza: Fever may be used as treatment
Authors: Alan W Fowler
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Because there is no specific treatment for influenza, Jefferson's editorial and the accompanying articles concentrate on vaccination and chemoprophylaxis.1 However, I plead for recognition that fever may be used as a non-specific treatment of flu. The fever is not just an unpleasant symptom of flu but a crucial part of the body's defence mechanism that should be encouraged.

Infectious organisms …
JADASSOHN TUMOUR ARISING AT SMALLPOX VACCINATION SITE
Authors: DAVID PORTER, JAMES EARLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— A tumour arising at the site of a smallpox vaccination performed 43 years previously was found on histological examination to be a seborrhoeic keratosis with features of the intra‐epidermal “epithelioma” of Jadassohn.
New treatments for colon cancer
Authors: Maurice Slevin, Sarah Payne
Journal: BMJ (2004)

non-religious person may still therefore have a deep spirituality and spiritual needs.Spiritual care is not just the facilitation of an appropriate ritual but engaging with an individual's search for existential meaning, as reflected in the existential domain of the McGill quality of life questionnaire. 9 Variables such as religious practice often seem easier to measure.Where participants for research have drawn from communities where religious practice is at high levels, these studies have shown that participating actively in the life of the faith community seems to lead to better health profiles.Religion also strengthens people's ability to cope with life threatening disease, 3 6 10 and its importance in predicting aspects of psychosocial need in patients with cancer has been reported. 1 These studies are examining religious affiliation and behaviour even though some of them talk about spirituality.Recently researchers have begun to look at populations that may not be religious but claim to have a clear spiritual belief.King et al reported that 71% of people who entered their acute hospital study had an important spiritual belief, even though many did not express that in a religious way. 8 Other studies confirm this proportion and are beginning to show the importance of spiritual belief in predicting clinical outcome, 8 the management of death distress, 11 end of life despair, 2 and assessing quality of life in oncology patients. 9 12 Evidence is growing that spiritual belief and religious practice are important predictive factors for a larger proportion of people entering health care than previously thought.Many may benefit from support for this aspect of their life.A need exists for user friendly and brief measures to assess spiritual need in the absence of religious faith, so that it may be addressed properly rather than as some general panacea which is assumed to be good but is not individually tailored.Only in this way may we "ensure that the spiritual elements of disease are taken into account," as recommended in the guidance from NICE.
Inflammable Frames for Spectacles
Authors: Ben H. Jenkins
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Recently, while I was attempting to place a new lens in an Italian frame held over an infrared lamp, the frame exploded and burned exactly as if gasoline had been poured on it. Since then I have run tests on frames imported from Germany, Italy, Mexico, and France and have found that the overwhelming majority of these frames are made with a nitrate plastic which is highly inflammable. This is a potentially dangerous situation for people who wear glasses and particularly those who smoke. A misplaced lighter flame or cigarette could set the frame on fire. Manufacture of frames of nitrate plastic was discontinued in this country more than ten years ago, for the very reason that it was potentially quite dangerous. During the past ten years, the only plastic frames manufactured in this country have been of the acetate plastic variety, and provide no physical risks.
USE OF ESTROGEN CREAMS
Authors: Minnie B. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Any woman may go to the drug counter today and purchase cosmetic creams and lotions containing estrogenic substances of varying composition and concentration without a prescription. When the agents of the Federal Food and Drug Bureau first approached physicians for some guidance as to policy in this matter, the consensus was, despite warnings that had appeared inThe Journal, 1 that the total amount of estrogenic substances that would be absorbed by inunction in the amount and concentration recommended would not be likely to produce constitutional effects. We were among those who held this view. The fallacy of this belief is illustrated in the following case.  REPORT OF A CASE  Mrs. F. B., aged 40, had lost both of her ovaries by the age of 29 as a result of two tubal pregnancies. In June, 1943, she was referred to one of us (M. B. G.) for weight reduction and
Sulthiame Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: T. T. S. Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1964)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Most eukaryotic genomes encode multiple RecQ family helicases, including five such enzymes in humans. For many years, the yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> was considered unusual in that it only contained a single RecQ helicase, named Sgs1. However, it has recently been discovered that a second RecQ helicase, called Hrq1, resides in yeast. Both Hrq1 and Sgs1 are involved in genome integrity, functioning in processes such as DNA inter-strand crosslink repair, double-strand break repair, and telomere maintenance. However, it is unknown if these enzymes interact at a genetic, physical, or functional level as demonstrated for their human homologs. Thus, we performed synthetic genetic array (SGA) analyses of <i>hrq1Δ</i> and <i>sgs1Δ</i> mutants. As inactive alleles of helicases can demonstrate dominant phenotypes, we also performed SGA analyses on the <i>hrq1-K318A</i> and <i>sgs1-K706A</i> ATPase/helicase-null mutants, as well as all combinations of deletion and inactive double mutants. We crossed these eight query strains (<i>hrq1Δ, sgs1Δ, hrq1-K318A, sgs1-K706A, hrq1Δ sgs1Δ, hrq1Δ sgs1-K706A, hrq1-K318A sgs1Δ</i>, and <i>hrq1-K318A sgsl-K706A</i>) to the <i>S. cerevisiae</i> single gene deletion and temperature-sensitive allele collections to generate double and triple mutants and scored them for synthetic positive and negative genetic effects based on colony growth. These screens identified hundreds of synthetic interactions, supporting the known roles of Hrq1 and Sgs1 in DNA repair, as well as suggesting novel connections to rRNA processing, mitochondrial DNA maintenance, transcription, and lagging strand synthesis during DNA replication.
When to stop a clinical trial.
Authors: A. Pollock
Journal: BMJ (1992)

risk.In many cases the equipment, if issued after certain dates, must comply with agreed European or national standards.These new regulations will operate alongside some of the existing legislation, such as the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations, which already require employers to protect employees from such hazardous substances as glutaraldehyde, anaesthetic gases, infected blood, and other body tissues.4Accident and emergency staff who do not wear suitable personal protective equipment may therefore be in breach of new health and safety legislation, specifically the Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regula- tions and, generally, the Health and Safety at Work, etc, Act 1974 and the proposed "general provisions" regulations.It is rumoured that when the general provisions regulations are finally agreed they will be renamed the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations, which would put the onus of compliance for health and safety on management.
`Slow Down and Proceed With Caution' Is New Rule for Brain-Graft Surgeons
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

MORE THAN 100 patients have been surgically treated for Parkinson's disease in the last two years. However, it is still uncertain whether the procedure, which involves the transplantation of tissue from the adrenal medulla to the caudate nucleus of the brain, has lasting benefits. None of the neurosurgeons performing the operation in the United States have been able to duplicate the dramatic improvement reported by Ignacio Madrazo, MD (<i>New Engl J Med</i>1987; 316:831-834), and presented at scientific sessions. Madrazo's videotapes, aired at last summer's Schmitt Symposium on Transplantion Into the Mammalian Brain in Rochester, NY, showed patients who were once confined to wheelchairs walking with relative ease. In contrast, the experience in the United States has been one in which patients have demonstrated far less dramatic improvements. The disparity was brought to light at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology in Cincinnati this spring, when groups
Adverse Reaction Reporting of Drugs.
Authors: Maxwell M. Wintrobe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Adverse Reaction Reporting of Drugs.Maxwell M. Wintrobe, M.D., F.A.C.P.Maxwell M. Wintrobe, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-802_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe ultimate test of adverse reaction to drugs in man is the observation of the effect of a drug in a human being. While information about the reactions of test animals to certain drugs is essentially circumstantial, it can serve as a warning to the physician. In many instances, such warning will suffice since, in all instances of the use of a drug in a particular case, the possible risk must be weighed against the probable gain. This paper discusses problems related to collecting information concerning adverse reactions, including the cooperative efforts of the AMA and FDA.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Salt Lake City, Utah PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 802-802KeywordsAdverse reactionsDrugsFood and Drug Administration Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A case of recurrent pseudolymphomatous folliculitis: A mimic of cutaneous lymphoma
Authors: Eun Ji Kwon, Arni K. Kristjansson, Howard J. Meyerson, Gregory M. Fedele, Rebecca C. Tung, Klaus Sellheyer, Ralph J. Tuthill, Kord S. Honda, Anita C. Gilliam, Jennifer M. McNiff
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2009)
Language, consciousness, and cross-modular thought
Authors: Keith Frankish
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Carruthers suggests that natural language, in the form of inner speech, may be the vehicle of conscious propositional thought, but he argues that its fundamental cognitive role is as the medium of cross-modular thinking, both conscious and nonconscious. I argue that there is no evidence for nonconscious cross-modular thinking and that the most plausible view is that cross-modular thinking, like conscious propositional thinking, occurs only in inner speech.