tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Birth defects in infants conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection: an alternative interpretation
Authors: J. J Kurinczuk, C. Bower
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To test the hypothesis that liveborn infants conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection are at an increased risk of having a major birth defect. <b>Design:</b> Reclassification of the birth defects reported in infants born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in Belgium and comparison with prevalence estimated in Western Australian population by means of same classification system. <b>Setting and subjects:</b> 420 liveborn infants who were conceived after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in Belgium and 100 454 liveborn infants in Western Australia delivered during the same period. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Estimates of birth prevalence of birth defects and comparisons of odds ratios between cohort conceived after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and Western Australian infants. <b>Results:</b> Infants born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection were twice as likely as Western Australian infants to have a major birth defect (odds ratio 2.03 (95% confidence interval 1.40 to 2.93); P=0.0002) and nearly 50% more likely to have a minor defect (1.49 (0.48 to 4.66); P=0.49). Secondary data-led analyses, to be interpreted with caution, found an excess of major cardiovascular defects (odds ratio 3.99), genitourinary defects (1.33), and gastrointestinal defects (1.84), in particular cleft palate (5.11) and diaphragmatic hernia (7.73). <b>Conclusions:</b> These results do not confirm the apparently reassuring results published by the Belgian researchers of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Further research is clearly required. Meanwhile, doctors practising intracytoplasmic sperm injection should bear this alternative interpretation in mind when they counsel couples and obtain informed consent for the procedure. <h3>Key messages</h3> Reports of data from Belgium concluded that there was no increase in the occurrence of major birth defects among infants conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection However, the Belgian researchers used a narrow definition of what constituted a major birth defect, and they might have underestimated the comparative prevalence of major defects We reclassified the birth defects in the infants born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection using a standard classification system and compared the results with data from Western Australia that were classified with the same system We found that the infants born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection were twice as likely to have a major birth defect and nearly 50% more likely to have a minor defect Further research is required to elucidate these results, but, meanwhile, they should be born in mind when counselling infertile couples about intracytoplasmic sperm injection
German appeal court ruling gives support to right to die campaign
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Germany’s highest criminal appeals court has overturned the conviction for attempted manslaughter of a lawyer who advised a woman to cut the intravenous feeding tube keeping her comatose mother alive.

In a landmark ruling hailed as a victory by advocates of the right to die, the Federal Court of Justice ruled on 25 June that terminally ill, comatose patients who had previously signalled their opposition to life prolonging treatments have the right to have such treatments stopped. The ruling gives legal cover for what some call “passive” euthanasia of terminally ill patients but is not applicable to the administration of a lethal substance, which remains illegal.

“The ruling gives legal clarity on a fundamental question in the conflict over what is permissible in the passive sense and prohibited in the active sense on assisted dying,” said …
Increased prevalence of low oligomeric state surfactant protein D with restricted lectin activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from preterm infants
Authors: Sailesh Kotecha, Philip L Davies, Howard W Clark, Eamon P McGreal
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a soluble oligomeric C-type lectin known to protect against lipopolysaccharide and ventilator-induced lung injury in preterm lambs. Here we assess the expression and functional status of SP-D in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from preterm infants at risk of chronic lung disease (CLD) of prematurity and term controls. This is the first systematic evaluation of SP-D function in any clinical cohort. <h3>Methods</h3> SP-D was quantified in BALF from 28 ventilated preterm infants and five ventilated term infants. SP-D lectin activity was tested in a zymosan binding assay followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blot in BALF from the same infants. SP-D lectin activity was also tested towards maltose-agarose and mannan for selected BALF samples. <h3>Results</h3> SP-D expression was lower on day 1 in those preterm infants who subsequently developed CLD but increased over the first 5 days of life in term and preterm neonates. The percentage of neonatal SP-D capable of binding zymosan rarely exceeded 50% in any BALF sample and was 3.5 times lower in preterm infants than term infants on day 1 of life. Similar binding defects were observed towards maltose-agarose and mannan. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that zymosan-bound SP-D was more highly oligomerised (≥12-mers) than unbound SP-D, which was composed primarily of trimers and lower oligomeric forms. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Substantial and functionally relevant variation in the expression and oligomeric distribution of SP-D exists between preterm and term neonatal lung secretions. This has implications for proposed SP-D replacement therapy in this population.
Early supported discharge at exacerbation of COPD: safe and cost effective for some
Authors: S Cooper
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Ram FSF, Wedzicha JA, Wright J, et al . Hospital at home for patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review of evidence. BMJ2004;329:315–8. [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] This systematic review of seven randomised controlled trials (n = 754 patients) compared “hospital at home” with inpatient management of acute exacerbations of COPD. Carefully selected patients were randomised within 72 hours of presentation … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.38159.650347.55%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15242868%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=329/7461/315&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F10%2F869.atom
A novel AML-selective TRAIL fusion protein that is superior to Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in terms of in vitro selectivity, activity and stability
Authors: B ten Cate, E Bremer, M de Bruyn, T Bijma, D Samplonius, M Schwemmlein, G Huls, G Fey, W Helfrich
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Deaths from tramadol and legal highs reach new highs in England and Wales
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The typical victim of a drug related death in England and Wales is not a clubber in his 20s or a teenager experimenting with ecstasy but a man in his 30s or 40s, the annual statistics on drug poisoning show.1

Death rates for men in their 30s are more than twice as high, at 97.8 per million, than for those in their 20s (47.6 per million) and 39 times as high as those in teenagers (2.5 per million). The figures compound suicides with deaths from drug abuse, but among males drug abuse was responsible for 1086 deaths in 2012 against 525 …
Bleeding in renal failure: a possible cause.
Authors: M Kazatchkine, Y Sultan, J P Caen, J Bariety
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Increased concentrations of factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIRA), factor VIII-procoagulant activity (VIIC), and decreased factor VII-von Willebrand activity (VIIIVWF) were found in the plasma of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). This functional abnormality of the factor VII protein may partly explain the prolonged bleeding time commonly found in CRF. It was not improved by dialysis, but it was no longer found in patients with normally functioning grafted kidneys after the sixth month after transplantation. VIIIVWF levels remained decreased when compared with VIIIRA or VIIIC in transplanted patients undergoing acute reversible rejection soon after transplantation. Yet, not only VIIIC and VIIIRA but also VIIIVWF were greatly increased in patients with hyperacute irreversible rejection. Possibly a high VIIIVWF level in these patients is a thrombogenic factor.
Lincoln’s Melancholy: How Depression Challenged a President and Fueled His Greatness
Authors: Richard Goldberg, Louise B. Andrew
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tyrosyl radical generated by myeloperoxidase catalyzes the oxidative cross-linking of proteins.
Authors: J W Heinecke, W Li, G A Francis, J A Goldstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Phagocytes generate H2O2 for use by a secreted heme enzyme, myeloperoxidase, to kill invading bacteria, viruses, and fungi. We have explored the possibility that myeloperoxidase might also convert L-tyrosine to a radical catalyst that cross-links proteins. Protein-bound tyrosyl residues exposed to myeloperoxidase, H2O2, and L-tyrosine were oxidized to o,o'-dityrosine, a stable product of the tyrosyl radical. The cross-linking reaction required L-tyrosine but was independent of halide and free transition metal ions; the heme poisons azide and aminotriazole were inhibitory. Activated neutrophils likewise converted polypeptide tyrosines to dityrosine. The pathway for oxidation of peptide tyrosyl residues was dependent upon L-tyrosine and was inhibited by heme poisons and catalase. Dityrosine synthesis was little affected by plasma concentrations of Cl- and amino acids, suggesting that the reaction pathway might be physiologically relevant. The requirement for free L-tyrosine and H2O2 for dityrosine formation and the inhibition by heme poisons support the hypothesis that myeloperoxidase catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins by a peroxidative mechanism involving tyrosyl radical. In striking contrast to the pathways generally used to study protein oxidation in vitro, the reaction does not require free metal ions. We speculate that protein dityrosine cross-linking by myeloperoxidase may play a role in bacterial killing or injuring normal tissue. The intense fluorescence and stability of biphenolic compounds may allow dityrosine to act as a marker for proteins oxidatively damaged by myeloperoxidase in phagocyte-rich inflammatory lesions.
South African row over denial of dialysis
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (1997)

South Africa's constitutional court has ruled that there is no automatic right for poorer patients—who have to rely on the state's stretched resources—to expensive treatment such as kidney dialysis. The ruling has inflamed the row over lack of resources for health care for poor people.

The case was brought by 41 year old Thiagraj Soobramoney, who collapsed after being handed the results of the court ruling. He …
IMPROVED LANTERN FOR TESTING COLOR PERCEPTION.
Authors: CHARLES H. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

This lantern is an improved form of the one I showed at the meeting of this Section last year. It puts in more practical form the principle which has for many years been carried out on the railroads of Holland, where a color-test both by worsted and a lantern, of more complicated construction, is required. The lamp is arranged with two burners, and in the front of the lantern are two openings so that two colors can be shown at one time, as red and green, two reds, or two greens of different shades, a red and white, etc. In this way a comparison of signal colors can be had, as is often the case in service; or, by moving a diaphragm one light can be cut off, and only one color at a time is then seen. There are thirteen colored glasses, and variations of intensity of color are
THE CONSIDERATION OF SOME POINTS CONNECTED WITH PROTRACTED LABOR.
Authors: WM. H. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read in Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women of the American Medical Association, May, 1884. The character of the audience before whom I have the honor to appear in response to the polite invitation of our esteemed President, forbids that I should enter into any consideration of the ordinary phenomena of a protracted labor, and equally inappropriate would it be to discuss the more generally adopted methods of treatment. The second and third stages of labor have of recent years claimed much attention from obstetric writers, so that we are warranted in saying that the principles of their management are well established, and hence need no discussion at this time. Such exclusion limits me to the study of detention from some causes acting during the earlier processes of parturition, and it is to such conditions that I ask your attention. In addition to my own convictions of the importance
Online First
Authors: Julie Ann Freischlag
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Jason Lazarou, Bruce H. Pomeranz, Paul N. Corey
Journal: JAMA (1998)

To estimate the incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions (ADR) in hospital patients.Four electronic databases were searched from 1966 to 1996.Of 153, we selected 39 prospective studies from US hospitals.Data extracted independently by 2 investigators were analyzed by a random-effects model. To obtain the overall incidence of ADRs in hospitalized patients, we combined the incidence of ADRs occurring while in the hospital plus the incidence of ADRs causing admission to hospital. We excluded errors in drug administration, noncompliance, overdose, drug abuse, therapeutic failures, and possible ADRs. Serious ADRs were defined as those that required hospitalization, were permanently disabling, or resulted in death.The overall incidence of serious ADRs was 6.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2%-8.2%) and of fatal ADRs was 0.32% (95% CI, 0.23%-0.41%) of hospitalized patients. We estimated that in 1994 overall 2216000 (1721000-2711000) hospitalized patients had serious ADRs and 106000 (76000-137000) had fatal ADRs, making these reactions between the fourth and sixth leading cause of death.The incidence of serious and fatal ADRs in US hospitals was found to be extremely high. While our results must be viewed with circumspection because of heterogeneity among studies and small biases in the samples, these data nevertheless suggest that ADRs represent an important clinical issue.
Sickle Cell Anemia and Hyperuricemia
Authors: Michael S. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Sickle cell anemia, hyperuricemia, and gout occurred in a 53-year-old woman. The hyperuricemia is felt to be the result of the increased erythropoiesis of sickle cell disease. This concept is supported by the finding of a significant incidence of hyperuricemia in other patients with sickle hemoglobinopathies.
The Challenge of Translating Scientific Knowledge into Improved Diabetes Care in the 1990s
Authors: Robert M Anderson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

The problems associated with translating scientific knowledge into improved diabetes care are formidable but solvable. The American public has already made important changes in its health-related behavior. Millions of people have stopped smoking cigarettes, and many people have changed other behaviors to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Many of the changes required to improve the quality of diabetes care in the 1990s will involve significant changes in our society's health-care policies and its health-related values and behaviors. Such changes, although often difficult to bring about, have the potential to have a profound and lasting impact on the health of our society. Many patients with diabetes have already implemented new care practices such as self-monitoring of blood glucose and multiple insulin injection regimens. As better technology and more evidence for the efficacy of rigorous blood glucose control become available, they will also be translated into practice. Diabetes care can be improved but to do so significant scientific and societal resources will have to be brought to bear on the problem of understanding and influencing the health-related behavior of people with diabetes and the health-care professionals and institutions providing care for them.
Abstract 22: Interferon-γ produced by tumor-infiltrating NK cells and CD4+ T cells downregulates TNFSF15 expression in endothelial cells
Authors: Xin Gu, Tao Cheng, Luyuan Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Endothelial cells in an established vasculature secrete tumor necrosis factor superfamily-15 (TNFSF15; VEGI; TL1A) that functions as a negative modulator of neovascularization to maintain blood vessel stability. TNFSF15 gene expression diminishes at angiogenesis and inflammation sites such as in cancers and wounds. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed primarily by lymphocytes of T cell and NK cell lineages. IFNγ may mediate anti-tumor effects either directly on cancer cell growth or indirectly through immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic responses. However, it was also reported that IFNγ promotes angiogenesis under certain circumstances. Here we show that IFNγ suppresses TNFSF15 expression in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). This activity is mediated by IFNγ receptor and the transcription factor STAT1. Since tumor-infiltrating NK and CD4+ T cells are the main sources of IFNγ in tumor lesions, we isolated these cells from peripheral blood of healthy individuals, treated the cells with ovarian cancer OVCAR3 cell-conditioned media, and found a 1- and 10-fold increase of IFNγ production in NK and CD4+ T cells, respectively, compared with that in vehicle-treated cells. These findings support the view that tumor-infiltrating NK and CD4+ T cells under the influence of cancer cells significantly increase the production of IFNγ, which in turn inhibits TNFSF15 expression in tumor vascular endothelial cells, shifting the balance of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors toward escalated angiogenesis potential in the tumor. Citation Format: Xin Gu, Tao Cheng, Luyuan Li. Interferon-γ produced by tumor-infiltrating NK cells and CD4+ T cells downregulates TNFSF15 expression in endothelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 22. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-22
Ethinylestradiol treatment induces multiple canalicular membrane transport alterations in rat liver.
Authors: R Bossard, B Stieger, B O'Neill, G Fricker, P J Meier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We investigated the effects of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol treatment of rats on various transport functions in isolated basolateral and canalicular liver plasma membrane vesicles. Both membrane subfractions were purified to a similar degree from control and cholestatic livers. Although moderate membrane lipid alterations were predominantly observed in basolateral vesicles, no change in basolateral Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity was found. Furthermore, while Na(+)-dependent taurocholate uptake was decreased by approximately 40% in basolateral vesicles, the maximal velocity of ATP-dependent taurocholate transport was decreased by 63% in canalicular membranes. In contrast, only minimal changes or no changes at all were observed for electrogenic taurocholate transport in "cholestatic" canalicular membranes and total microsomes, respectively. However, canalicular vesicles from cholestatic livers also exhibited marked reductions in ATP-dependent transport of S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione and in Na(+)-dependent uptake of adenosine, while in the same vesicles HCO3-/SO4- exchange and Na+/glycine cotransport activities were markedly stimulated. These data show that in addition to the previously demonstrated sinusoidal transport abnormalities ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis is also associated with multiple canalicular membrane transport alterations in rat liver. Hence, functional transport alterations at both polar surface domains might ultimately be responsible for the inhibitory effects of estrogens on the organic anion excretory capacity and on bile formation in rat liver.
TREATMENT OF INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION WITH HYPERPYREXIA PRODUCED BY BATHS
Authors: H. G. MEHRTENS
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In the routine treatment of 500 neuropsychiatric patients with hyperpyrexia produced by baths, it became apparent that certain types of pain were especially amenable to such therapy. In this favorable group were cases with vascular lesions and vasoneuroses. The symptoms complained of ranged from the more trivial discomforts on vigorous exercise to crippling incapacity on any exertion. In the early and less typical cases a definite classification was doubtful. In severe cases the diagnosis was obvious, but all cases could be included under the symptom complex of intermittent claudication. Intermittent claudication is a term now rarely considered as descriptive of a clinical entity. It should be restricted to a combination of symptoms observable in a number of pathologic conditions. While such a symptom complex may result from many forms of arterial lesions, two varieties, arteriosclerosis and endarteritis obliterans, will include far the larger proportion of cases. Hunt<sup>1</sup>has emphasized