tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Analysis of Tissue Plasminogen Activator as an Adjuvant Treatment for Calciphylaxis
Authors: Rokea A. el-Azhary, Allison K. Arthur, Mark D. P. Davis, Marian T. McEvoy, Lawrence E. Gibson, Amy L. Weaver, Michael J. Camilleri, David A. Wetter, Roger H. Weenig
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3>To report our experience with low-dose tissue plasminogen activator in the treatment of calciphylaxis, a rare, usually fatal thrombotic condition that results in ischemia, necrosis, and infarction of adipose and cutaneous tissue.<h3>Design</h3>Retrospective chart review.<h3>Setting</h3>Tertiary care academic medical center.<h3>Patients</h3>Fifteen patients (4 men and 11 women) with calciphylaxis, treated from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2010.<h3>Intervention</h3>Treatment with tissue plasminogen activator, concomitant wound care, and management of calcium-phosphate status.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Short-term ulcer healing, long-term survival.<h3>Results</h3>Patients received daily low-dose infusions of tissue plasminogen activator (mean treatment duration, 11 days). Six patients had no adverse reactions, 3 had minor bleeding, 6 required blood transfusions, and 3 had life-threatening bleeding. No patients died of treatment-related complications. Ten patients died (median time to death, 3.6 months; range, 23 days to 4.2 years). Of the remaining 5 patients, the median duration of follow-up was 36.8 months (range, 70 days to 4.3 years). Patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator had approximately 30% greater survival than controls, but the difference was not significant (P = .14). Our results were limited by the use of concomitant therapies, referral bias for advanced disease, and retrospective case-series design.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Thrombolytic tissue plasminogen activator may be a useful adjunctive treatment in the management of patients with calciphylaxis. However, a multidisciplinary approach that includes aggressive wound care, débridement, thrombolytic therapy, restoration of tissue oxygenation, avoidance of infection, and control of calcium-phosphate homeostasis also is essential.
Salim Abdulmahmed Kassam Suleman Verjee
Authors: M. A. K. S. Verjee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

After qualifying, Salim Abdulmahmed Kassam Suleman Verjee worked at the Aga Khan Platinum Jubilee Hospital in Nairobi until 1972, before pursuing further training as a general practitioner in Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire. He entered an established …
Food watchdog warns against high doses of vitamins and minerals
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Many people could be damaging their health by taking vitamin and mineral supplements in doses that are too high, the UK's food watchdog, the Food Standards Agency, warned this week.

Most people in Britain do not need to take vitamins or dietary supplements because many foods are naturally high in vitamins or have been fortified with them, says the Food Standards Agency.

Adding regular vitamin pills to the amount obtained through a balanced diet can …
Antiphospholipid syndrome: A case demonstrating diagnostic challenge
Authors: Jan Storek, Yong Ki Shin, Micheal J. Adcox, Flo Newlin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

First, a battery of tests rather than a single test should be performed whenever APS is clinically suspected.This may be due to the heterogeneity of antiphospholipid antibodies or the high interlaboratory variation in test results 11-31, Second, because of their high sensitivity, a silica-based APTT and HexPPANT should be included into the battery [4,5].4.
Preclinical validation and imaging of Wnt-induced repair in human 3D lung tissue cultures
Authors: Franziska E. Uhl, Sarah Vierkotten, Darcy E. Wagner, Gerald Burgstaller, Rita Costa, Ina Koch, Michael Lindner, Silke Meiners, Oliver Eickelberg, Melanie Königshoff
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by a progressive loss of lung tissue. Inducing repair processes within the adult diseased lung is of major interest and Wnt/β-catenin signalling represents a promising target for lung repair. However, the translation of novel therapeutic targets from model systems into clinical use remains a major challenge. We generated murine and patient-derived three-dimensional (3D) ex vivo lung tissue cultures (LTCs), which closely mimic the 3D lung microenvironment in vivo. Using two well-known glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors, lithium chloride (LiCl) and CHIR 99021 (CT), we determined Wnt/β-catenin-driven lung repair processes in high spatiotemporal resolution using quantitative PCR, Western blotting, ELISA, (immuno)histological assessment, and four-dimensional confocal live tissue imaging. Viable 3D-LTCs exhibited preserved lung structure and function for up to 5 days. We demonstrate successful Wnt/β-catenin signal activation in murine and patient-derived 3D-LTCs from COPD patients. Wnt/β-catenin signalling led to increased alveolar epithelial cell marker expression, decreased matrix metalloproteinase-12 expression, as well as altered macrophage activity and elastin remodelling. Importantly, induction of surfactant protein C significantly correlated with disease stage (per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s) in patient-derived 3D-LTCs. Patient-derived 3D-LTCs represent a valuable tool to analyse potential targets and drugs for lung repair. Enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signalling attenuated pathological features of patient-derived COPD 3D-LTCs.
Polio cases rise in Nigeria as vaccine is shunned for fear of AIDS
Authors: A. Raufu
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Parents in northern Nigeria are refusing to allow their children to be vaccinated against poliomyelitis. They fear that the vaccine might contain HIV and make their children infertile.

People in the region believe that polio vaccine is a western ploy to curb population growth in Nigeria, despite efforts by community and religious leaders to allay fears. “Nigeria is one of …
Percent of Free Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen and Histological Findings in Patients Undergoing Open Prostatectomy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Vincenzo Scattoni, Marco Raber, Francesco Montorsi, Luigi Da Pozzo, Maurizio Brausi, Giliola Calori, Massimo Freschi, Patrizio Rigatti
Journal: European Urology (1999)
Rationing health care
Authors: A. Weale
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The basic principle of the NHS is simply that comprehensive, high quality medical care should be available to all citizens on the basis of professionally judged medical need without financial barriers to access. In seeking to enact this principle, the NHS is not alone. The same aspiration is to be found in nearly all economically developed societies outside the United States. Yet, in the face of increasing healthcare costs this basic principle threatens to become what logicians call an inconsistent triad; a collection of propositions, any two of which are compatible with each another but which, when viewed together in a threesome, form a contradiction. Perhaps we can have only a comprehensive service of high quality, but not one available to all. Or a comprehensive service freely available to all, but not of high quality. Or a high quality service …
Phase 1 Radioimmunotherapy Study with Lutetium 177–labeled Anti-Carbonic Anhydrase IX Monoclonal Antibody Girentuximab in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Alexander B. Stillebroer, Otto C. Boerman, Ingrid M.E. Desar, Marije J. Boers-Sonderen, Carla M.L. van Herpen, Johannes F. Langenhuijsen, Peter M. Smith-Jones, Egbert Oosterwijk, Wim J.G. Oyen, Peter F.A. Mulders
Journal: European Urology (2012)
WHAT SHOULD EXCLUDE APPLICANTS FROM RAILWAY SERVICE?
Authors: JOHN E. OWENS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

It is a matter of practical interest to determine what should and what should not exclude applicants from railway service. The formulation of any set of rules intended to govern examinations presupposes the adoption of a working basis, and the classification of the applicants for service. So far as disabling diseases are concerned, it will not be necessary to mention those which are so disabling as to discourage the sufferer from following any pursuit. Others, again, are more or less insidious in their progress and for a time do not furnish symptoms which make the patient aware of their existence. Certain conditions interfere with the healing of wounds, impede recovery, entail an undue loss of time, and become aggravated by the injuries which are received in the line of duty. It would be useless to enumerate all the diseases which would disable the applicant. From a medical standpoint the following
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia
Authors: Madu Rao
Journal: JAMA (1977)

PNEUMONIA caused by the "opportunistic" organism<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>occurs mainly in premature infants and immunocompromised children.<sup>1-2</sup>We report<i>P carinii</i>causing pneumonia in a previously healthy American-born 7-month-old infant who showed no evidence of immune deficiency. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 7-month-old boy was admitted to Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, in July 1975 with clinical and roentgenographic evidence of right middle lobe pneumonia. Three weeks before admission, right middle lobe pneumonia had been diagnosed, and the child was given penicillin V by mouth, 250,000 units four times a day for seven days, followed by 125 mg of erythromycin estolate suspension, three times a day for seven more days. The child continued to have cough and mild respiratory distress. At the time of admission, the child had a temperature of 38 °C and moderate respiratory distress. Auscultation demonstrated decreased breath sounds and rales over the right side of the
Genetic Amplification of the NOTCH Modulator LNX2 Upregulates the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jordi Camps, Jason J. Pitt, Georg Emons, Amanda B. Hummon, Chanelle M. Case, Marian Grade, Tamara L. Jones, Quang T. Nguyen, B. Michael Ghadimi, Tim Beissbarth, Michael J. Difilippantonio, Natasha J. Caplen, Thomas Ried
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Chromosomal copy number alterations (aneuploidy) define the genomic landscape of most cancer cells, but identification of the oncogenic drivers behind these imbalances remains an unfinished task. In this study, we conducted a systematic analysis of colorectal carcinomas that integrated genomic copy number changes and gene expression profiles. This analysis revealed 44 highly overexpressed genes mapping to localized amplicons on chromosome 13, gains of which occur often in colorectal cancers (CRC). RNA interference (RNAi)–mediated silencing identified eight candidates whose loss-of-function reduced cell viability 20% or more in CRC cell lines. The functional space of the genes NUPL1, LNX2, POLR1D, POMP, SLC7A1, DIS3, KLF5, and GPR180 was established by global expression profiling after RNAi exposure. One candidate, LNX2, not previously known as an oncogene, was involved in regulating NOTCH signaling. Silencing LNX2 reduced NOTCH levels but also downregulated the transcription factor TCF7L2 and markedly reduced WNT signaling. LNX2 overexpression and chromosome 13 amplification therefore constitutively activates the WNT pathway, offering evidence of an aberrant NOTCH–WNT axis in CRC. Cancer Res; 73(6); 2003–13. ©2012 AACR.
To Battle Deadly Infections, Clinicians Draw on Both New and Old Tools
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhibition of Constitutively Activated Nuclear Factor-κB Induces Reactive Oxygen Species- and Iron-Dependent Cell Death in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Michael K. Kiessling, Claus D. Klemke, Marcin M. Kamiński, Ioanna E. Galani, Peter H. Krammer, Karsten Gülow
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Aberrant signaling of the nuclear facotr (NF-κB) pathway has been identified as a mediator of survival and apoptosis resistance in leukemias and lymphomas. Here, we report that cell death of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines induced by inhibition of the NF-κB pathway is independent of caspases or classic death receptors. We found that free intracellular iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the main mediators of this cell death. Antioxidants such as N-Acetyl-l-cysteine and glutathione or the iron chelator desferrioxamine effectively block cell death in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines or primary T cells from Sézary patients. We show that inhibition of constitutively active NF-κB causes down-regulation of ferritin heavy chain (FHC) that leads to an increase of free intracellular iron, which, in turn, induces massive generation of ROS. Furthermore, direct down-regulation of FHC by siRNA caused a ROS-dependent cell death. Finally, high concentrations of ROS induce cell death of malignant T cells. In contrast, T cells isolated from healthy donors do not display down-regulation of FHC and, therefore, do not show an increase in iron and cell death upon NF-κB inhibition. In addition, in a murine T-cell lymphoma model, we show that inhibition of NF-κB and subsequent down-regulation of FHC significantly delays tumor growth in vivo. Thus, our results promote FHC as a potential target for effective therapy in lymphomas with aberrant NF-κB signaling. [Cancer Res 2009;69(6):2365–74]
The route of estrogen replacement therapy confers divergent effects on substrate oxidation and body composition in postmenopausal women.
Authors: A J O'Sullivan, L J Crampton, J Freund, K K Ho
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The route of estrogen replacement therapy has a major impact on the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis. Estrogen administration by the oral, but not the transdermal route, reduces IGF-I and increases GH levels in postmenopausal women. To investigate whether these perturbations have metabolic consequences, we compared the effects of 24 wk each of oral (Premarin 1.25 mg) and transdermal (Estraderm 100TTS) estrogen on energy metabolism and body composition in 18 postmenopausal women in an open-label randomized crossover study. Energy expenditure, lipid oxidation (lipid(ox)), and carbohydrate oxidation (CHOox) were measured by indirect calorimetry in the fasted and fed state before and after 2 and 6 mon treatment. Lean body mass, fat mass, and total body bone mineral density were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry before and after 6 mon treatment. Mean (+/-SE) Luteinizing hormone levels fell to comparable levels during oral and transdermal estrogen, and bone mineral density was significantly increased by both treatments. Mean IGF-I was significantly lower during oral estrogen (77+/-7 versus 97+/-7 microg/liter, P < 0.05) treatment. Lipid(ox) 30-60 min after a standardized meal was significantly lower (36+/-5 versus 54+/-5 mg/min, P < 0.01) and CHOox higher (147+/-13 versus 109+/-12 mg/min, P < 0.05) with oral compared with transdermal estrogen. Oral estrogen resulted in a 1.2+/-0.5 kg (P < 0.05) increase in fat mass and a 1.2+/-0.4 kg (P < 0.01) decrease in lean mass compared with transdermal estrogen. Lean body mass (0.4+/-0.2 kg) and fat mass (0. 1+/-0.4 kg) did not change significantly during transdermal estrogen. In summary, when compared with the transdermal route, oral estrogen reduces lipid(ox), increases fat mass, and reduces lean body mass. The route of estrogen therapy confers distinct and divergent effects on substrate oxidation and body composition. The suppression of lipidox during oral estrogen therapy may increase fat mass although the fall in IGF-I may lead to a loss of lean body mass. The route-dependent changes in body composition observed during estrogen replacement therapy may have important implications for postmenopausal health.
Histone deacetylase 3 associates with and represses the transcription factor GATA-2
Authors: Yukiyasu Ozawa, Masayuki Towatari, Shinobu Tsuzuki, Fumihiko Hayakawa, Takahiro Maeda, Yasuhiko Miyata, Mitsune Tanimoto, Hidehiko Saito
Journal: Blood (2001)
Health Care of Homeless People
Authors: Carl J. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The editors of<i>Health Care of Homeless People</i>make up a balanced, cross-disciplinary team based in New York and represent a solid background of authority on the homeless. The book developed out of a 1983 national conference sponsored by the United Hospital Fund of New York and supported by the Memorial Trust. The authors also acknowledge a debt to St Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center of New York, a leading force in developing health care programs for the homeless. The 42 contributors include persons from 11 major urban areas around the country. The purpose of the book is to assemble essential data and to serve as a guide for physicians, nurses, social workers, shelter staff workers, and program managers who serve the homeless. The book is a guide for the development and management of health-related programs and shelters in places where homeless people congregate and is a useful reference for
Hypercalcemia and Skeletal Effects in Chronic Hypervitaminosis A
Authors: BOY FRAME
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

The clinical features of vitamin A toxicity in a 7-year-old boy, a 16-year-old boy, and a 46-year-old man included vague skeletal pains and hypercalcemia. Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that hypervitaminosis A can cause bony resorption as well as periosteal calcification. Ingestion of excessive amounts of vitamin A should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia. Vitamin A preparations containing more than the minimum daily requirement for an adult (5000 units) per dose should be dispensed only by prescription.
T Cell Receptor (TCR) Interacting Molecule (TRIM), A Novel Disulfide-linked Dimer Associated with the TCR–CD3–ζ Complex, Recruits Intracellular Signaling Proteins to the Plasma Membrane
Authors: Eddy Bruyns, Anne Marie-Cardine, Henning Kirchgessner, Karin Sagolla, Andrej Shevchenko, Matthias Mann, Frank Autschbach, Armand Bensussan, Stefan Meuer, Burkhart Schraven
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The molecular mechanisms regulating recruitment of intracellular signaling proteins like growth factor receptor–bound protein 2 (Grb2), phospholipase Cγ1, or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) to the plasma membrane after stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR)– CD3–ζ complex are not very well understood. We describe here purification, tandem mass spectrometry sequencing, molecular cloning, and biochemical characterization of a novel transmembrane adaptor protein which associates and comodulates with the TCR–CD3–ζ complex in human T lymphocytes and T cell lines. This protein was termed T cell receptor interacting molecule (TRIM). TRIM is a disulfide-linked homodimer which is comprised of a short extracellular domain of 8 amino acids, a 19–amino acid transmembrane region, and a 159–amino acid cytoplasmic tail. In its intracellular domain, TRIM contains several tyrosine-based signaling motifs that could be involved in SH2 domain–mediated protein–protein interactions. Indeed, after T cell activation, TRIM becomes rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine residues and then associates with the 85-kD regulatory subunit of PI3-kinase via an YxxM motif. Thus, TRIM represents a TCR-associated transmembrane adaptor protein which is likely involved in targeting of intracellular signaling proteins to the plasma membrane after triggering of the TCR.
Delights of genealogy.
Authors: A P Joseph
Journal: BMJ (1981)

soon began to climb towards the foothills of the Karakoram range. We passed large groups of nomads on the road, driving their herds of goats down from the mountains. At intervals we stopped in a village (fig 3) to buy delicious pakoras cooked at the roadside or to look at examples of the nomads' jewellery. We also bought unleavened bread that was cooked by slapping the dough on the inside of a hot stone well and tasted delicious when hot but like cardboard when cold. The people were most friendly, although the official government warning is that camping out overnight may damage your health. We were fortunate to be staying in dak bungalows, used by travelling government officials, which provided curry in the evening, rumble-tumble egg (scrambled egg) in the morning, bread and jam in the afternoon, and pots of tea all the time. On the second evening the cook, who had discovered  was a doctor, asked   would see his nephew, who had what sounded like an uncorrected club-foot deformity. As my knowledge of orthopaedics had never progressed beyond if you can't pin it? plate it,  demurred, suggesting that he should take the child to Peshawar to be seen by a specialist. I cannot go to Peshawar, he replied, because  killed a man and   go there they will arrest me.
Stenosing Non-caseating Tuberculosis (Sarcoidosis) of the Bronchi
Authors: K. M. Citron, J. G. Scadding
Journal: Thorax (1957)

The purpose of this paper is to describe three cases in which multiple strictures of the bronchi, affecting especially the main bronchi and the proximal parts of the segmental branches, resulted from a chronic granulomatous process of the sar- coidosis or non-caseating tuberculosis type.CASE REPORTS CASE 1.-Case 1* is that of a man born in 1923.He was employed in toolrraking and light engineering, involving no dust hazard.In 1940 cervical lymph nodes, presumed tuberculous, were excised.In Octo- ber, 1951, he developed cough, expectoration, and breathlessness on exertion.In February, 1952, a chest radiograph (Fig. 1) showed shadowing in the right middle lobe and some faint mottling in the upper zones of both lungs, with a rounded shadow at the right hilum suggestive of enlarged lymph nodes.The middle lobe shadow cleared in three months without treatment, but wheezy dyspnoea persisted, with in- creasing volumes of purulent, occasionally blood- stained sputum.In December, 1952, he had an acute febrile illness with right pleuritic pain.The radio- graph showed shadowing in the lower zone of the right lung.He was treated with penicillin, but resolu- tion of the shadows was slow.Bronchoscopy at this stage showed no abnormality, but bronchography showed slight narrowing of the middle lobe bronchus and of some of the basal segmental bronchi on the right side.By now dyspnoea was so severe that he was unable to continue his work as a toolmaker.In October, 1953, he had another febrile illness, associated with collapse-consolidation of the anterior and posterior segments of the right upper lobe.This again cleared slowly after penicillin treatment.Tomography suggested enlargement of the right hilar nodes.At this time his general condition was poor.There was soft stridor, both inspiratory and expiratory.Re- spiration was laboured with prolonged wheezy ex- piration, and an inspiratory rhonchus was persistently audible on the right side.No lymph nodes were palpable.Bronchography in January, 1954, revealed a remark- able appearance of multiple bronchial strictures (Figs.