tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RECURRENT PNEUMOCOCCIC MENINGITIS TREATED WITH SULFAPYRIDINE
Authors: George B. Craddock
Journal: JAMA (1941)

In 1938 Whitby<sup>1</sup>demonstrated the effectiveness of sulfapyridine against pneumococcic infections in mice. A number of favorable reports<sup>2</sup>have appeared which indicate that this drug has pronounced therapeutic value in the treatment of pneumococcic meningitis. During the past months Hodes and his associates<sup>3</sup>have used sulfapyridine and its sodium salt in 17 cases, with 47 per cent recovery. Recently Kolmer<sup>4</sup>presented a comprehensive review of sulfapyridine therapy in pneumococcic meningitis and discussed its therapeutic value. We are presenting a patient with recurrent pneumococcic meningitis who was treated with sulfapyridine in each episode. The sulfapyridine concentrations of the blood and spinal fluid were of peculiar significance. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>First Admission.—</h3> L. R., a Negro woman aged 32, was admitted to St. Philip Hospital (Negro division of the Medical College of Virginia hospitals) Dec. 15, 1939 and discharged apparently well December 31. Her history revealed that
Peer review and ‘openness’
Authors: Michael Swash
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

The Editor states that publishing peer reviewers’ names is ‘a bold step in improving the transparency’ of the peer-review process, and is important in achieving a more open process.1 While one may respect Dr Abbassi's opinion in this regard, it appears to be an opinion held without objective supporting data. The review process is supposed to be an objective process, not a process in which a couple of acquaintances get together and have a friendly chat about a research report, before recommending publication to the Editor. Locking in the reviewer and author in this way will impede independence in the reviewer's opinion. The right place for collaboration between author and uninvolved expert is at the writing stage, when an opinion from a respected expert colleague or contemporary researcher, naive to the research itself, is always a wise and usually a highly revealing process. Locking in the reviewer to the data set out in the paper, by publicising his or her name, is not, in general, a constructive idea. However, an editorial written by an enthusiastic reviewer has merit in independently considering and perhaps endorsing the work.
Accumulation of 99m Tc Pyrophosphates in the Skin Lesions of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
Authors: A. BOSSUYT, D. VERBEELEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine, and Medicine, Brugmann Hospital, University of Brussels, Belgium Reprint requests: Dr. A. Bossuyt, Brugmann Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Van Gehuchtenplaats, 4, B 1020 Brussels, Belgium.
Renal contribution to glucose production after a brief fast: fact or fancy?
Authors: A D Cherrington, D H Wasserman, O P McGinness
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

a Brief Fast: Fact or Fancy? EditorialAlthough it has been known for years that the kidneys possess the enzymatic capability to synthesize glucose from gluconeo- genic precursors it has generally been felt that they do not con- tribute to whole body glucose production (GP) after an over- night fast.A recent paper by Cersosimo et al. ( 1 ) challenges this fasting humans with 13C NMR.Science (Wash.DC).
Surgery and physical therapy did not differ for function in meniscal tears with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Lyn March
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal ClubJuly 16, 2013Surgery and physical therapy did not differ for function in meniscal tears with knee osteoarthritisLyn March, MBBSLyn March, MBBSUniversity of Sydney, Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia (L.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-2-201307160-02013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationKatz JN, Brophy RH, Chaisson CE, et al. Surgery versus physical therapy for a meniscal tear and osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1675-84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23506518Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Rheumatology: References1 Sihvonen R, Paavola M, Malmivaara A, Järvinen TL. Finnish Degenerative Meniscal Lesion Study (FIDELITY): a protocol for a randomised, placebo surgery controlled trial on the efficacy of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for patients with degenerative meniscus injury with a novel “RCT within-a-cohort” study design. BMJ Open. 2013;3:e002510. [PMID: 23474796] Google Scholar2 Hare KB, Lohmander LS, Christensen R, Roos EM. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in middle-aged patients with mild or no knee osteoarthritis: a protocol for a double-blind, randomized sham-controlled multi-centre trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013;14:71. [PMID: 23442554] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Sydney, Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia (L.M.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics July 16, 2013Volume 159, Issue 2Page: JC13KeywordsExerciseHealth surveysKneesOsteoarthritisPhysical functioningRheumatologySurgery Issue Published: July 16, 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Incidence, site, and nature of injuries in amateur rugby league over three consecutive seasons
Authors: Tim J Gabbett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

To report the incidence, site, and nature of injuries in amateur rugby league over three consecutive seasons.Six hundred players registered with an amateur rugby league organisation were studied over three consecutive seasons. All injuries sustained during the amateur rugby league matches were recorded. Information recorded included the date and time of injury, name of injured player, anatomical site and nature of injury, and position of the player.The incidence of injury was 160.6 per 1000 player-position game hours, with forwards having a significantly higher incidence of injury than backs (182.3 per 1000 v 142.0 per 1000, chi2 = 14.60, df = 1, p<0.001). Over 25% of the total injuries (40.6 per 1000) sustained during the three year period were to the head and neck, while injuries to the face (21.3 per 1000, 13.3%), abdomen and thorax (21.3 per 1000, 13.3%), and knee (17.8 per 1000, 11.1%) were less common (chi2 = 21.83, df = 8, p<0.01). Muscular injuries (haematomas and strains) were the most common type of injury (45.7 per 1000, 28.5%, chi2 = 17.98, df = 7, p<0.05). Significantly more injuries occurred in the latter stages of the season (chi2 = 22.94, df = 1, p<0.001), with most injuries (70.8%, chi2 = 162.29, df = 1, p<0.001) sustained in the second half of matches.The results show that muscular injuries and injuries to the head and neck are the most commonly sustained injuries in amateur rugby league. Furthermore, injuries are more often sustained in the latter stages of the season and during the second half of matches. These findings suggest that fatigue or accumulative microtrauma, or both, may contribute to injuries in amateur rugby league players.
Thrombopoietin receptor down-modulation by JAK2 V617F: restoration of receptor levels by inhibitors of pathologic JAK2 signaling and of proteasomes
Authors: Christian Pecquet, Carmen C. Diaconu, Judith Staerk, Michael Girardot, Caroline Marty, Yohan Royer, Jean-Philippe Defour, Alexandra Dusa, Rodolphe Besancenot, Stephane Giraudier, Jean-Luc Villeval, Laurent Knoops, Pierre J. Courtoy, William Vainchenker, Stefan N. Constantinescu
Journal: Blood (2012)
Post-varicella Polyneuritis
Authors: R. H. G. Charles
Journal: BMJ (1965)

at the time of admission her clinical condition gave rise to considerable concern, and in a patient with one kidney the dangers associated with a cycloserine level of 91 ,tg./ml.could not be rapidly ascertained.Peritoneal dialysis was therefore undertaken, and the clinical response demonstrated that this is a good method of removing cycloserine from the system.We are grateful to Dr. J. A.
Role of airway receptors in the breathing pattern of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.
Authors: A G Fennerty, J Banks, C Bevan, A P Smith
Journal: Thorax (1985)

To determine whether airway receptors are responsible for the rapid, shallow breathing pattern seen in hypercapnic chronic obstructive lung disease, 10 patients underwent upper airway anaesthesia with inhaled lignocaine in a placebo controlled study. There was a significant reduction in breathing frequency after lignocaine (p less than 0.001) that was due to an increase in expiratory time (p less than 0.001). The inspiratory time remained unchanged, but tidal volume increased significantly (p less than 0.02). It is concluded that, while airway receptors may have a role in determining the frequency of breathing in chronic obstructive lung disease, other factors are responsible for the reduced inspiratory time.
Diphtheria at St. Paul.Minnesota State Board of Health and Vital Statistics.
Authors: C. N. Hewitt
Journal: JAMA (1893)

of the Secretary and Executive Officer, ) Red Wing, Oct. 19, 1893. ) <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The following is the reply of the Commissioner of Health to your inquiry: "In reply, I would state that there was very little in connection with the whole matter. A number of families having children at the Neill School wished to get them transferred to other schools—the Neill School, as I understand it, being rather overcrowded, and to get a good excuse for so doing, got up this diphtheria scare. The records show three cases of diphtheria as having occurred within the radius of the Neill School within a period of nearly a month, which is very much unlike the statements made by the people in that vicinity, both publicly and privately. I refused to close the school, but Supt. Gilbert, under the pressure that was brought to bear upon him by these people, ordered the
Crystals and vessel walls
Authors: P. N. Platt, A. Malcolm
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The neuropeptide oxytocin is suggested to exert a pivotal role in a variety of complex human behaviors, including interpersonal bonding, trust, and attachment. Recent theories have suggested that the role oxytocin plays in these complex social behaviors involves a modulation of motivational tendencies of approach/avoidance-related behaviors. However, to date, direct neurophysiological evidence supporting this notion is limited. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with parallel design, we assessed the effects of administered intranasal oxytocin in 40 adult men on gaze behavior and a neural marker of approach/avoidance motivational tendencies. Specifically, electroencephalography recordings were performed during the engagement of eye contact with a live model in a naturalistic two-person social context and electroencephalographic frontal alpha asymmetry, an established neurophysiological index of motivational tendencies for approach/avoidance-related behaviors, was assessed. Compared to placebo, a single dose of oxytocin (24 international units) was shown to increase relative left-sided frontal asymmetry upon direct eye contact with a live model, which is indicative of an increase in approach-related motivational tendencies toward the presented eye contact stimulus. Notably, the treatment effect was most prominently observed in participants with lower self-reported social motivation (higher Motivation subscale scores on the Social Responsiveness Scale), indicating that participants with lower social motivation benefitted the most from the administered oxytocin. No treatment-specific changes were identified in terms of gaze behavior toward the eye region of the live model. Together, these observations add neurophysiological evidence to the hypothesized role of oxytocin in modulating approach/avoidance related tendencies and suggest that inter-individual variance in person-dependent factors need to be considered in order to evaluate the potential benefit of intranasal oxytocin as a treatment. This notion is of particular relevance to the variety of neuropsychiatric populations such as autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety disorder and depression, for which intranasal oxytocin is increasingly considered a potential treatment.
Brain Scan And Metastatic Tumors
Authors: J. Lobo Antunes
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  We read with interest the recent article by Fletcher et al (232:1261-1263, 1975) on the effect of dexamethasone therapy on the brain scans of eight patients with brain tumors. Of these, seven had metastatic lesions, which are well known to produce severe edema in the surrounding brain. In all, the lesion seen in the initial scan appeared smaller than on the delayed scan. This phenomenon was first noted by Sodee et al, 1 who demonstrated, with 197 Hg, that extracranial metastases were better visualized when the scan was performed 24 hours after the injection of the isotope. He commented that metastatic lesions of the brain were seen at 24 hours, in cases in which all previous scans (including sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m) were normal, 2 and our experience has confirmed his observation.  In 1973, we reported at the meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons our
New roles for rheumatoid factor.
Authors: D A Carson, P P Chen, T J Kipps
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

In the 1940s, anti-IgG autoantibodies were discovered in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and given the term rheumatoid factors (RF).'The measurement of agglutinating IgM-RF is still the most useful serological test for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.High titers of IgM-RF are also present in primary Sjogren's syndrome, mixed cryoglobulinemia, and in several different chronic infections (1).Recent advances in molecular and cellular immunology are gradually revealing the genetic and environmental factors that control RF production.Two sets of results were largely unex- pected.First, genes encoding RF are present in most normal people, and their expression is carefully regulated during the development of the immune system.Second, lymphocytes with RF receptors on their plasma membranes are remarkably abundant in normal people, who have only low levels ofcircu- lating autoantibody.These data have suggested a new role for RF in the capture, processing, and presentation to T cells of antigens trapped in immune complexes.They may explain why RF production is vestained in patients with both rheuma- toid arthritis and lymphoproliferative diseases. Genetics ofRFThe antibody molecule is composed of heavy and light chains that are encoded by genes on separate chromosomes.Aside from the diversity allowed by the pairing oftwo separate chains to form a heterodimer, each chain has a variable region capable of achieving tremendous diversity through the process of im- munoglobulin gene arrangement.The haploid human genome contains -100-200 heavy chain variable (V) region genes, -100 kappa light chain V genes, and an unknown number oflambda light chain V genes (2, 3).A functional light chain immunoglobulin gene is gener- ated by the rearrangement in early B lymphocytes of one V gene to a separate joining (J) gene segment.In the case of the heavy chain gene, an additional gene segment, termed D for diversity, rearranges with the J segment before V gene rear- rangement.This process, together with inaccuracies produced during VDJ and VJ recombination, and sequential somatic mutations in antibody V genes, produces a virtually unlimited array of different antibody molecules.Because immunoglobu-
THE ETIOLOGICAL RELATION OF BACILLUS ACTINOIDES TO BRONCHOPNEUMONIA IN CALVES
Authors: Theobald Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

A bronchopneumonia of calves in the early months of life is described and its etiology associated definitely with a minute bacillus, Bacillus actinoides. Bacillus pyogenes, Bacillus bovisepticus, and, less frequently, staphylococci and streptococci may appear later in the affected lungs. Subcutaneous injections of cultures of Bacillus actinoides produce large indurations ending in necrosis. Similarly intratracheal injections produce circumscribed necroses of lung tissue. The cultivation of Bacillus actinoides and its morphological peculiarities have been sufficiently described and illustrated in an earlier publication to ensure success on the part of those who attempt to isolate it.
Abstract 495: Overexpression of TIS21/BTG2/PC3 inhibits formation of invadopodia in the highly metastatic breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231
Authors: Jung A Choi, In Kyoung Lim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Invasion of cancer cells depends on the proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix and it is initiated by the actin-driven membrane protrusions, called invadopodia. However, the mechanisms underlying invadopodia formation remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that TIS21/BTG2/PC3, tumor suppressor gene, suppress invadopodia formation in the highly invasive breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231. To understand downstream mechanisms regulating invadopodia formation by TIS21, generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) by NADPH oxidase (Nox) was examined and observed that adenoviral transduction of TIS21 markedly attenuated generation of ROS. The transduction of TIS21 significantly inhibited mRNA expression of Nox1 and Nox4, but not p22phox. In contrast, formation of invadopodia was much higher in the TIS21KO-mouse embryo fibroblasts (TIS21−/- MEF) along with elevated expression of Nox1 and Nox4, compared with those of the wild type MEF. The data strongly suggest that TIS21 contributes inhibition of invadopodia formation through the regulation of Nox expression. Noticeably, transduction of TIS21 regulated reorganization of actin-assoicated protein and cytockelectal proteins such as F-actin and vimentin. Similarly, inhibition of Nox-derived ROS by using DPI reversed reorganization of the proteins. The above data clearly indicate that generation of Nox-derived ROS play a critical role in the distribution of actin-assoicated protein and cytockelectal proteins. Taken together, present report demonstrates, for the first time, that the TIS21/BTG2-ROS-linked cascades is required for formation of invadopodia in the highly invasive breast cancer cells and may provide insight into mechanisms of metastatic signaling in breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 495. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-495
UK government approves limited cloning of human embryos
Authors: A. Fazal
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Medical professionals should be allowed to carry out a limited form of human cloning, an expert panel told the UK government last month.

A final decision on the issue will be left to a free vote of MPs, but the government has endorsed the recommendations put forward by the chief medical officer's expert group on therapeutic cloning.

Proposals put forward by …
Incremental value of cardiac imaging in patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain and without ST-segment elevation: A multicenter study
Authors: Sanjiv Kaul, Roxy Senior, Christian Firschke, Jonathan R. Lindner, Flordeliza S. Villanueva, Soroosh Firoozan, Michael C. Kontos, Allen J. Taylor, Denny D. Watson, Xin-Qun Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines— Why Don't Antibodies Protect?
Authors: John R. Mascola
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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Dosimetric analysis of prone versus supine concomitant boost IMRT technique for whole breast radiotherapy: prone is better in reducing cardiac dose for left sided breast cancer.
Authors: V Reyes, SC Lymberis, S Becker, M Racsa, G Jozsef, K DeWyngaert, SC Formenti
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5129 Introduction: Prone whole breast radiotherapy is feasible and can be delivered with a hypofractionated, concomitant boost IMRT regimen (JCO, vol. 25, 16, 2007). We hypothesized that in occasional patients a supine set-up could better spare heart and lung while optimally treating the target breast. We designed NYU 05-181 protocol to test this hypothesis. Herein we performed a dosimetric analysis by comparing treatment plans in both the prone and supine position for patients with left breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Early stage breast cancer patients after segmental mastectomy are eligible for this IRB-approved prospective study. A supine CT simulation with images acquired every 2.5 mm is performed. The patient is then repositioned prone using a dedicated breast mattress and a second CT is obtained. The treatment volume (TV) is the whole index breast, determined according to conventional breast simulation with the patient in the supine position. Each patient is planned in both positions and is treated based on the optimal plan defined as the one that best satisfies each of the following criteria: 1) inclusion of the TV; 2) maximum heart sparing; 3) maximum lung sparing. Dosimetric analysis of the prone and supine treatment plans was performed to compare coverage of the whole breast, PTV coverage of the tumor bed, and the dose to lung and heart.&amp;#x2028; Results: Twenty-five patients with a left breast cancer were analyzed. Five patients were treated supine, and 20 patients were treated prone because this position enabled optimal breast coverage and heart and lung sparing. However, all patients were simulated and planned in both positions. As shown in Table 1, whole breast coverage is better for the prone position although not statistically significant (p=0.38), PTV coverage was superior in the prone position (p&amp;lt;0.001).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Importantly, heart dose was not increased in the prone position (p&amp;lt;0.001). Additionally, lung dose was markedly reduced in the prone position (p&amp;lt;0.001).&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Contrary to many concerns that the prone position leads to anterior displacement of the heart within the treatment field this was only observed in 5 of the 25 patients. This dosimetric analysis demonstrates that in fact prone breast irradiation when compared to supine results in reduced exposure to both heart and lung while enabling complete coverage of the whole breast and tumor bed for the vast majority of patients. There are few left breast patients who are better positioned supine and the NYU protocol 05-181 is currently accruing to fully characterize this infrequent subset. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5129.