tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diet, Exercise, and Bone Mineral Content
Authors: ELIHU YORK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1985Diet, Exercise, and Bone Mineral ContentELIHU YORK, M.D.ELIHU YORK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-3-418_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The study of trabecular and cortical bone loss in healthy men by Drs. Meier, Orwoll, and Jones (1) had a flaw in the experimental design. The authors give no description of the frequency, duration, and intensity of any exercise in the so-called healthy men. Absence of disease does not equate with wellness; there are different levels of wellness, depending on exercise, diet, and other habits.Those of us engaged in aerobic (endurance) fitness exercise, in conjunction with no smoking, a low-fat diet, and adequate rest, may prevent some deterioration often associated with aging, particularly atherosclerotic complications and...Reference1. MEIERORWOLLJONES DEJ. Marked disparity between trabecular and cortical bone loss with age in healthy men. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:605-12. LinkGoogle Scholar1. ALOIACOHNOSTUNI JSJ. Prevention of involutional bone loss by exercise. Ann Intern Med. 1978;89:356-61. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HORSMAN A. The relation between bone loss and calcium balance in women. Clin Sci. 1980;59:137-42. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HEANEY R. Calcium intake requirement and bone mass in the elderly. J Lab Clin Med. 1982;100:309-12. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. PAFFENBARGERHALE RW. Work activity and coronary heart mortality. N Engl J Med. 1975;292:545-50. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hartford Hospital Hartford, CT 06115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1985Volume 102, Issue 3Page: 418-418KeywordsAerobic exerciseAgingBone densityBone resorptionDietExerciseHabitsResearch design Issue Published: 1 March 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Antepartum Dental Radiography and Low Birth Weight—Reply
Authors: Philippe P. Hujoel, Anne-Marie Bollen, Carolyn J. Noonan, Michael A. del Aguila
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Payment by results works against integrated care and needs to be replaced
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The payment by results system in the NHS in England is a major obstacle to the creation of integrated care in the NHS, a conference at the King’s Fund in London on 31 March was told. The system, designed to increase the work rate in hospitals and eliminate waiting lists by paying hospitals per activity, has worked successfully in the past but now provided perverse incentives and needed to change.

Chris Ham, director of the King’s Fund, said, “PbR [payment by results] is past its sell-by date. It’s no longer fit for purpose. We need a system of payment based on capitation, plus some incentives to improve quality.” 

He was summing up one of the principal themes to emerge from the conference: that paying hospitals per consultant episode led to too many admissions, when better and cheaper care might be provided outside …
Improvement of Glucose Tolerance in NIDDM by Clofibrate Randomized Double-Blind Study
Authors: Masashi Kobayashi, Yukio Shigeta, Yukimasa Hirata, Yasue Omori, Nobuo Sakamoto, Seiki Nambu, Shigeaki Baba
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

A randomized double-blind study was performed to examine the effect of clofibrate on glucose tolerance in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Clofibrate (1.5 g/day) or placebo was administered to 70 patients and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and 12 wk after treatment. Blood glucose levels were significantly improved in clofibrate-treated groups at all time points during OGTT, whereas there was no change in insulin levels. Improvement of fasting glucose levels required 8 wk of clofibrate treatment. Insulin binding to erythrocytes demonstrated no significant change in the clofibrate-treated subjects.A randomized double-blind study was performed to examine the effect of clofibrate on glucose tolerance in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Clofibrate (1.5 g/day) or placebo was administered to 70 patients and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and 12 wk after treatment. Blood glucose levels were significantly improved in clofibrate-treated groups at all time points during OGTT, whereas there was no change in insulin levels. Improvement of fasting glucose levels required 8 wk of clofibrate treatment. Insulin binding to erythrocytes demonstrated no significant change in the clofibrate-treated subjects. These results suggest that clofibrate improves glucose tolerance in NIDDM subjects without a change in insulin receptors and that clofibrate increases insulin sensitivity through an unknown postreceptor mechanism.
Clinical Assessment of Hearing Impairment
Authors: Stephen M. Kieran, John E. Fenton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Opioid Overdose-Related Deaths
Authors: Aaron S. Geller
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
End Results, Cost and Productivity of Coronary-Care Units
Authors: Bernard S. Bloom, Osler L. Peterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract The use of coronary-care units for the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction has increased explosively with little attention to efficacy, need, or cost. A study of 32 hospital units revealed that half the patients treated did not have myocardial infarctions and were a very low-risk group. Larger units in teaching hospitals with full-time directors showed lower mean case fatality rates from myocardial infarction, higher percentages of patients with infarction and greater productivity and efficiency. These important differences were often not statistically significant because of the great variation within hospital groups. Intensive care for patients after myocardial infarction should be planned by region, not by individual hospitals, to assure effectiveness and economy. Intensive care of such patients presents an ideal model for regional planning. Finally, proof of effectiveness of intensive care in these cases is lacking.
Implications of Aging and Self-Tolerance on the Generation of Immune and Antitumor Immune Responses
Authors: Ana Lucia Dominguez, Joseph Lustgarten
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Cancer statistics show a disproportionately higher burden of tumors in the old. Most of the studies evaluating vaccination strategies have not taken into consideration the effect that aging has on the immune system. For the first time, we describe an animal tumor model in which self-tolerance and aging are present at the same time. FVB-Her-2/neu mice which are tolerant to neu antigens crossed with HLA-A2/Kb mice (A2xneu) develop spontaneous tumors when they are more than 22 months old. Analysis of CD8+ T-cell–specific responses in A2xneu mice indicated that the priming activity of old A2xneu mice to induce an immune response was diminished compared with young animals. Following intratumoral injections of CpG-ODN, ∼30% of young A2xneu mice rejected the tumor; however, no antitumor effect was observed in old A2xneu mice. Analysis of T regulatory cells (Treg) indicated that there are significantly more Tregs in old animals. After CpG-ODN vaccination plus Treg depletion, 70% of young A2xneu mice rejected the tumor. The same treatment prolonged survival in old A2xneu mice, but none of the animals rejected the tumor. Even though CpG-ODN injections plus Treg depletion could rescue the antitumor responses against self-tumor antigens in young tolerant mice, the same therapy is not as effective in old tolerant hosts. Relevant tumor models such as the A2xneu mice in which self-tolerance and aging are present at the same time are critical to allow the optimization of vaccination strategies to effectively stimulate immune responses against self-tumor antigens in the young and the old. [Cancer Res 2008;68(13):5423–31]
Value of serial peak expiratory flow measurements in assessing treatment response in chronic airflow limitation.
Authors: D M Mitchell, P Gildeh, A H Dimond, J V Collins
Journal: Thorax (1986)

A double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover trial of prednisolone (40 mg/day for 14 days) was carried out in 33 patients with chronic airflow limitation (mean age 62 years, mean FEV1 1.01 litres, mean FEV1/FVC ratio 44%), to assess the value of serial peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements, taken five times daily in evaluating treatment response by comparison with other objective measurements and with measurements of symptoms. The mean serial PEF after a one week run in period was 189 1 min-1, during the second week of placebo 193 1 min-1, and during the second week on prednisolone 231 1 min-1. The difference in mean PEF values between placebo and prednisolone was significant (p less than 0.01). With regard to the response to steroids of the individual patients, 13 of the 33 had a detectable trend of improvement on visual inspection of serial PEF measurements during prednisolone treatment but only one during placebo administration. Of all the objective measurements made after the run in and after each treatment phase (12 minute walking distance, FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), serial PEF), the serial PEF chart provided the best discrimination between placebo and prednisolone treatment. There was no statistically significant association between steroid induced improvement in serial PEF measurements and in breathlessness, partly because of placebo improvements in symptoms in those who had no improvement in serial PEF values. This study indicates the importance of making objective measurements to identify a genuine steroid response rather than relying on symptomatic improvement alone. The best simple measurement to make is serial PEF during steroid trials. This is more sensitive in detecting a steroid response than are the 12 minute walking distance, FEV1, or FVC, and is also less likely than these measurements to show spurious placebo responses.
A new technique for assessing right ventricular ejection fraction using rapid multiple-gated equilibrium cardiac blood pool scintigraphy. Description, validation and findings in chronic coronary artery disease.
Authors: J Maddahi, D S Berman, D T Matsuoka, A D Waxman, K E Stankus, J S Forrester, H J Swan
Journal: Circulation (1979)

A reproducible, noninvasive technique for determining right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was developed using multiple-gated equilibrium blood pool scintigraphy, which allows serial rapid measurements without reinjection of radioactivity.Studies were obtained using in vitro labeled technetium- 99m red blood cells, gamma camera and computer.In 20 patients, RVEF determined by multiple-gated equilibrium imaging in the left anterior oblique view was compared with RVEF measured by first-pass scin- tigraphy.For both types of imaging, multiple regions of interest (ROIs) were used for RVEF.The accuracy of RVEF using equilibrium scintigraphy was also evaluated using a single ROI.In 20 additional patients, rapid (2-minute) equilibrium scintigraphy for RVEF was compared with standard (6-minute) imaging.Excellent cor- relation (r = 0.94) for RVEF was found between multiple-gated equilibrium scintigraphy and the first-pass technique when multiple ROIs were used.Inter-and intraobserver variations for the equilibrium method were small (r = 0.91 and r = 0.98, respectively).RVEF with the 2-minute equilibrium technique correlated well with the 6-minute method (r = 0.98).In contrast to the high correlation when multiple ROIs were used, analysis of equilibrium scintigraphy by single ROI severely underestimated first-pass RVEF and showed poor correlation (r = 0.60).In 15 normal subjects and 21 patients with significant coronary artery disease and different degrees of right coronary artery stenosis, simultaneous left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and RVEF were measured.RVEF was less than LVEF in normal subjects (0.48 ± 0.05 vs 0.63 ± 0.08, mean ± SD).In patients with cor- onary artery disease, RVEF was not significantly different from that in the normal group, regardless of the degree of stenosis of the right coronary artery.We conclude that 1) multiple-gated equilibrium scintigraphy is a very accurate and reproducible new technique for determining RVEF; 2) the technique may be performed rapidly, and is therefore well suited to serial assessment of right ventricular function during exercise; 3) multi- ple ROIs are necessary for accurate measurement with this technique; and 4) RVEF is normally less than LVEF and is not significantly affected at rest by right coronary artery disease.
Introduction of complementary foods in infancy and atopic sensitization at the age of 5 years: timing and food diversity in a Finnish birth cohort
Authors: B. I. Nwaru, H.‐M. Takkinen, O. Niemelä, M. Kaila, M. Erkkola, S. Ahonen, H. Tuomi, A.‐M. Haapala, M. G. Kenward, J. Pekkanen, R. Lahesmaa, J. Kere, O. Simell, R. Veijola, J. Ilonen, H. Hyöty, M. Knip, S. M. Virtanen
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Objective To study the associations between timing and diversity of introduction of complementary foods during infancy and atopic sensitization in 5‐year‐old children. Methods In the Finnish DIPP (Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention) birth cohort ( n = 3781), data on the timing of infant feeding were collected up to the age of 2 years and serum IgE antibodies toward four food and four inhalant allergens measured at the age of 5 years. Logistic regression was used for the analyses. Results Median duration of exclusive and total breastfeeding was 1.4 (interquartile range: 0.2–3.5) and 7.0 (4.0–11.0) months, respectively. When all the foods were studied together and adjusted for confounders, short duration of breastfeeding decreased the risk of sensitization to birch allergen; introduction of oats &lt;5.1 months and barley &lt;5.5 months decreased the risk of sensitization to wheat and egg allergens, and oats additionally associated with milk, timothy grass, and birch allergens. Introduction of rye &lt;7.0 months decreased the risk of sensitization to birch allergen. Introduction of fish &lt;6 months and egg ≤11 months decreased the risk of sensitization to all the specific allergens studied. The introduction of &lt;3 food items at 3 months was associated with sensitization to wheat, timothy grass, and birch allergens; the introduction of 1–2 food items at 4 months and ≤4 food items at 6 months was associated with all endpoints, but house dust mite. These results were particularly evident among high‐risk children when the results were stratified by atopic history, indicating the potential for reverse causality. Conclusions The introduction of complementary foods was consecutively done, and with respect to the timing of each food, early introduction of complementary foods may protect against atopic sensitization in childhood, particularly among high‐risk children. Less food diversity as already at 3 months of age may increase the risk of atopic sensitization.
Scopolamine Skin-Disks and Anisocoria
Authors: RICHARD A. BIENIA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1983Scopolamine Skin-Disks and AnisocoriaRICHARD A. BIENIA, M.D., MARIE SMITH, PHARM.D., THOMAS PELLEGRINO, M.D.RICHARD A. BIENIA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARIE SMITH, PHARM.D.Search for more papers by this author, THOMAS PELLEGRINO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-4-572_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Scopolamine-impregnated disks (Transderm-V; Ciba-Geigy Corp., Summit, New Jersey) placed behind the ear have become a popular method for treating motion sickness. We recently treated a patient who developed a unilateral fixed and dilated pupil from inadvertent finger to eye contamination by scopolamine. If not recognized promptly this condition may result in expensive, perhaps invasive neurologic testing and no small amount of anxiety for the patient.A 39-year-old man presented for evaluation of a unilateral fixed and dilated pupil and slightly blurred vision that he had noticed shortly before leaving on an afternoon sailing trip. The patient was...References1. MCCRARYWEBB JN. Anisocoria from scopolamine patches. JAMA. 1982;248:353-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. FRAUNFELDER F. Transdermal scopolamine precipitating narrow-angle glaucoma. N Engl J Med. 1982;327:1079. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA 23507 Virginia Commonwealth University Medical College of Virginia School of Pharmacy Richmond, VA 23298 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTransdermal Scopolamine for Prevention of Motion SicknessPupil examination and evaluation of pupillary disordersEvaluation and significance of the pupillary light reflex in trauma patientsTransdermal scopolamine cycloplegia in juvenile diabetesAbnormalities of the PupilAnisocoria and Aerosolized Anticholinergics 1 October 1983Volume 99, Issue 4Page: 572-573KeywordsAnxietyVision Issue Published: 1 October 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
743-5 Evaluation of the Accuracy of New Quantitative Image Processing Methods in Measuring the Size of Ventricular Septal Defects Directly on Three-dimensional Echocardiograms and Factors Influencing its Reliability
Authors: Lissa Sugeng, Qi-Ling Cao, Alain Delabays, Giuseppina Magni, Gerald Marx, Achi Ludomirski, Michael Vogel, Natesa Pandian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Effect of Changes in Maternal Age, Parity, and Birth Weight Distribution on Primary Cesarean Delivery Rates
Authors: Kiyoko M. Parrish
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To examine the effect of maternal age on cesarean delivery risk and to quantify the impact of demographic changes since 1970 on primary cesarean delivery rates.A cohort study.Nonfederal short-stay hospitals in Washington State.All women who delivered live singletons with linked birth certificate and hospital discharge data from 1987 through 1990.Maternal age-, birth weight-, and parity-specific primary cesarean delivery rates, Mantel-Haenszel relative risk estimates for primary cesarean delivery by 5-year age category stratified by parity, and direct standardization of 1987 through 1990 primary cesarean rates to 1970 Washington State maternal age, birth weight, and parity distribution.Primary cesarean rates ranged from 3.2% for multiparous teenage women who delivered infants weighing 3500 g through 3999 g to 58.9% for primiparous women 40 years of age or older who delivered infants weighing 4000 g or more. After adjustment, the risk of cesarean delivery increased with each 5-year age increment among women 20 years of age or older. We estimated that if the maternal age, parity, and birth weight distribution from 1987 through 1990 were identical to what existed in 1970, Washington State's primary cesarean rate from 1987 through 1990 would have been 12.2%, compared with the observed rate of 14.8%.The lower adjusted primary cesarean rate reflects the demographic changes in the childbearing population, which may be responsible for 18% of the 1987 through 1990 cesarean delivery rates. These findings suggest the importance of using maternal age-, birth weight-, and parity-specific primary cesarean delivery rates to compare populations and study temporal trends.