tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Formation and persistence of benzo(a)pyrene metabolite-DNA adducts.
Authors: S J Stowers, M W Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and are suspected to be carcinogenic in man. The in vivo formation of BP metabolite-DNA adducts has been characterized in a variety of target and nontarget tissues of mice and rabbits. Tissues included were lung, liver, forestomach, colon, kidney, muscle, and brain. The major adduct identified in each tissue was the (+)-7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BP (BPDEI)-deoxyguanosine adduct. A 7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 beta,10 beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BP (BPDEII)-deoxyguanosine adduct, a (-)-BPDEI-deoxyguanosine adduct, and an unidentified adduct were also observed. The adduct levels are unexpectedly similar in all the tissues examined from the same BP-treated animal. For example, the BPDEI-DNA adduct levels in muscle and brain of mice were approximately 50% of those in lung and liver at each oral BP dose used. We have also examined adduct levels formed in vivo in several cell types of lung and liver. Macrophages, type II cells, and Clara cells from lung and hepatocytes and nonpparenchymal cells from liver were isolated from BP-treated rabbits. BPDEI-deoxyguanosine adduct was observed in each cell type and, moreover, the levels were similar in various cell types. These and previous results strongly suggest that DNA in many human tissues is continuously damaged from known exposure of humans to BP and other PAH. Moreover, DNA adducts formed from BP are persistent in lung and brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cancer Incidence among Former Love Canal Residents
Authors: Lenore J. Gensburg, Cristian Pantea, Christine Kielb, Edward Fitzgerald, Alice Stark, Nancy Kim
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

The Love Canal was a rectangular 16-acre, 10-ft-deep chemical waste landfill situated in a residential neighborhood in Niagara Falls, New York. This seriously contaminated site came to public attention in 1978. Only one prior study examined cancer incidence in former residents of the Love Canal neighborhood (LC).
From the Tapes: Mr. Nixon on Cholesterol, Insomnia, Etc
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

While Mr. Nixon served as President, a frequent lament among persons concerned with medical affairs and government was that he was oblivious of their interests. Conspiracy theorists ascribed his alleged indifference to an abundance of Christian Scientists in the White House inner circle. And even when the President suddenly stepped forth in 1971 as self-appointed Commander-in-Chief of a newly declared War on Cancer, the politicomedical community tended to regard this as a pre-emptive move against Senator Kennedy's becoming the anti-cancer hero rather than a motivationally pure initiative.Though the issue of Mr. Nixon and health policy affairs is moot, a . . .
Lack of α2-antiplasmin promotes pulmonary heart failure via overrelease of VEGF after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Hiroyuki Matsuno, Osamu Kozawa, Naoki Yoshimi, Shigeru Akamatsu, Akira Hara, Hideki Mori, Kiyotaka Okada, Shigeru Ueshima, Osamu Matsuo, Toshihiko Uematsu
Journal: Blood (2002)
The Contributions of Electronmicroscopy to the Understanding of Renal Diseases.
Authors: C. L. Pirani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963The Contributions of Electronmicroscopy to the Understanding of Renal Diseases.C. L. Pirani, M.D.C. L. Pirani, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-742_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe introduction of percutaneous needle biopsy has opened a new era in the study of kidney diseases. The value of this method in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is well established. This technique has also permitted, for the first time in man, the widespread application of electronmicroscopy to the study of the abnormal kidney.Through electronmicroscopy, the fine structure of the nephron has been elucidated in all its complexity, providing a sounder morphologic basis for the understanding of renal function. Electronmicroscopic studies have clarified to a considerable extent the glomerular changes occurring in a variety of renal diseases. The various types... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Ill. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 742-742KeywordsBiopsyKidneysNephronsRenal diseases Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Doctors in shaken baby syndrome case are accused of "scientific prejudice"
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Two consultant pathologists who regularly give evidence in court for parents accused of causing their babies’ deaths by shaking have been accused of “developing a scientific prejudice” by a judge at the High Court in London.

Waney Squier and Marta Cohen disagreed with the other experts about the likely cause of death of a 13 week old baby after a postmortem examination found the classic “triad” of injuries associated with shaking: encephalopathy and subdural and retinal haemorrhages. The local authority wanted to take the baby’s older brother, who was 16 months old at the time, into care. The mother had been alone with the toddler and the baby, named only as Z, when he collapsed.

The other experts in the case considered that the most likely cause of death was non-accidental injury caused by shaking, but Dr Squier and Dr Cohen suggested that the injuries could have been …
Clinical and prognostic role of annexin A2 in multiple myeloma
Authors: Anja Seckinger, Tobias Meiβner, Jérôme Moreaux, Daniela Depeweg, Jens Hillengass, Katja Hose, Thierry Rème, Angela Rösen-Wolff, Anna Jauch, Reinhard Schnettler, Volker Ewerbeck, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Bernard Klein, Dirk Hose
Journal: Blood (2012)
Edrophonium Used for Vagotonic Action
Authors: George Kleinfeld
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a small, personal series of postoperative patients, certain observations have been made that suggest an additional therapeutic use for edrophonium chloride (Tensilon). Edrophonium belongs to a family of anticholinesterase agents, producing effects equivalent to continuous stimulation of cholinergic nerves, ie, continuous vagotonia. It is noted for rapid onset and brief duration of action. The principal use has been as a provocative drug for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis or for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.<sup>1</sup> While observing the intravenous administration of 10 mg of edrophonium chloride for a tachyarrhythmia in a patient postoperatively with protracted severe adynamic ileus, I was struck by the prompt onset of borborygmi and strong peristaltic sounds. Flatus and stool were produced. The bowel had been nearly silent for several days prior to the injection. The drug has since been used in 12 cases of postoperative ileus in doses ranging from 2.5 mg to
More on Control of Nosocomial Infection in Hospitals
Authors: Walter E. Stamm
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  We cannot wholly agree with Dr. Carl W. Walter (229:578, 1974) on all points. We do agree that, during outbreaks of nosocomial infection, cultures of environmental sites that are implicated epidemiologically may be quite useful in identifying and removing a contaminated inanimate source of infection. In addition, environmental cultures (or use of spores for microbiological monitoring) are of value as a means of infection control in other circumstances, including (1) regular monitoring of sterilization procedures, (2) monitoring disinfection of critical patient-care equipment that cannot be sterilized, (3) educating infection control and microbiology personnel, (4) motivating and training hospital staff members, and (5) investigating the epidemiology of nosocomial infections. Routine sterility testing of commercial products in hospitals is not recommended because of the low frequency of such contamination and the difficulty and expense of adequate sterility testing.  However, we are not convinced that routine culturing of the general
The Stimulatory Effect of Platelets and Platelet Membranes on the Procoagulant Activity of Leukocytes
Authors: Julian Niemetz, Aaron J. Marcus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Leukocytes can generate procoagulant (tissue factor) activity when incubated with endotoxin. These studies were undertaken to determine whether platelets could influence the procoagulant activity generated by leukocytes. Intact or disrupted platelets (rabbit or human) enhanced the clot-promoting properties of rabbit leukocytes. The enhancing effect of human platelets on human leukocytes required the presence of human serum (devoid of factor VII and X activities). When platelets were incubated with endotoxin in the absence of leukocytes, no increase in their clot-promoting properties was discernible. However, a mixture of platelets, leukocytes, and endotoxin generated procoagulant activity which appeared rapidly and was fivefold greater than that produced by leukocytes incubated with endotoxin alone. The enhancement produced by platelets was even more pronounced if homogenates were used. The platelet effect was examined in more detail by the substitution of membranes, granules, and the "soluble" fraction for whole platelets in the test system. The stimulating activity was localized to the particulate fractions, i.e., membranes and granules. Prior treatment of platelet membranes with phospholipase C or gangliosides or by extraction of lipid resulted in loss of enhancing activity, whereas no inhibition was observed after exposure to neuraminidase or trypsin. It is proposed that platelets contribute a membrane lipoprotein surface which enhances the procoagulant activity generated by leukocytes in the presence of endotoxin. This mechanism may be involved in some of the clinical and pathologic manifestations of gram-negative sepsis with disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Considering culture provides a "window" that can help make human rights projects a success
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Considering culture provides a “window” that can help make human rights projects a success Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Doxorubicin-loaded zein in situ gel for interstitial chemotherapy of colorectal cancer
Authors: Ning Shen, Jie Hu, Linan Zhang, Li Zhang, Yongjun Sun, Yinghua Xie, Shaomei Wu, Lei Liu, Zibin Gao
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

The aim of this research was to evaluate doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded zein in situ gels, a new drug delivery system in which a liquid state drug can be transformed into semi-solid after intratumoral injection. In vitro release of DOX-loaded zein was investigated and the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of these DOX-loaded zein formulations were investigated using BALB/c nude tumor-bearing mice. In vitro release of DOX from the gels extended up to 7 days. Efficient accumulation of DOX in the tumor with lower drug concentration in blood and normal organs was obtained resulting in effective inhibition of tumor growth and fewer off-target side effects. In conclusion, a DOX-loaded in situ gel was developed with sustained release, enhanced anti-cancer efficacy for colorectal cancer in vivo, and especially with reduced off-target side effects.
1116-9 Trends in fibrinolytic therapy and intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation utilization in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in hospitals without percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty/coronary artery bypass graft capability: Observations from the national registry of myocardial infarction
Authors: Anvar A Babaey, Paul D Frederick, Delia Cotiga, Judith S Hochman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Seeing things differently
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Synaesthesia is a harmless condition for which patients almost never seek medical help. So why have we got an article and an editorial about it? Because as well as being fascinating, it turns out to be common—one in a hundred of us is a synaesthete. And if you don’t know what it is, you might mistake it for something serious. As David Eagleman beautifully evokes in his editorial (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4616), synaesthesia is “a fusion of different sensory perceptions: the feeling of sandpaper might evoke an F sharp, a symphony might be experienced in blues and golds, or the concept of February might be …
REPEATED BLOOD SUGAR CURVES IN NON-DIABETIC SUBJECTS 1
Authors: William G. Lennox, Margaret Bellinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1927)

Various authors who have made duplicate blood sugar curves from the same individuals have considered that any lowering of the second curve was the result of the treatment or of the experimental procedure introduced.The following may be mentioned as examples: lowered curves in 6 patients better of arthritis (1), and in 6 of 10 patients follow- ing medication by means of vasodilator drugs, Pemberton et al. (2); in 7 of 12 subjects, second curves with patients sitting which were lower than initial curves with limbs elevated, Cajorie et al. (3); in four patients lowered curves accompanying reduction in weight, Labbe (4); lowered curves following arc light irradiation, Berg (5), after recovery from head injuries, Davidson and Allen (6), and when tannic acid was given with the glucose, Mertz and Rominger (7).With reference to these and other reports which might be cited, the question arises whether the reduction in the height of the second curves might be due wholly or in part to a natural tendency for the second curve to be lower than the first.Most writers have assumed that the level and the general form of the bIood sugar curve of a normal individual is fairly constant from time
The Use of a Polyethylene Catheter in Pericardial Paracentesis
Authors: James A. Fallows, Bernard H. Pastor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

PERICARDIAL paracentesis is often a useful and necessary procedure, but its application has been limited by its danger.1 Although there is relatively little risk from perforation of the ventricular wall, hemopericardium may result from injury to a coronary vessel or perforation of the thin-walled atrium. In addition to the hazard of the initial puncture, any movement of the needle or change in the position of the patient is attended by a risk.A simple and relatively safe technic for the aspiration of pericardial fluid has been devised. A polyethylene catheter is introduced into the pericardial sac through a paracentesis needle, . . .
B-cell–specific transcription factor BACH2 modifies the cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs
Authors: Takuya Kamio, Tsutomu Toki, Rika Kanezaki, Shinya Sasaki, Satoru Tandai, Kiminori Terui, Dai Ikebe, Kazuhiko Igarashi, Etsuro Ito
Journal: Blood (2003)
IRRADIATION OF CHILDREN PRIOR TO SURGICAL OPERATION
Authors: P. G. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1928)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> — Under Queries and Minor Notes (The Journal, January 7) you state that you do not know of any hospital that irradiates all children prior to operation. It is a rule of the Boston City Hospital that no patient under 16 years of age be anesthetized until a roentgenogram of the chest has been made to rule out (or in) an enlarged thymus. If a large thymus is found (which occurs in about 3 per cent) none except emergency operations are performed until the thymus has been irradiated and shrunken to its normal size for the age of that particular patient. This usually requires from three to six exposures. I am not stating these facts for the hospital, but as a recent house officer I know the procedure. As a nose and throat man I believe that in the vast majority of cases bleeding following tonsillectomy is
Cardiac motion can alter proximal isovelocity surface area calculations of regurgitant flow
Authors: Edward G. Cape, Young H. Kim, Russell S. Heinrich, Randall Y. Grimes, Ethirajan Muralidharan, Jonathan D. Broder, Ehud Schwammenthal, Ajit P. Yoganathan, Robert A. Levine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
An unusual case of mixed-dust exposure involving a "noncommercial" asbestos.
Authors: R F Dodson, J L Levin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Our health center evaluated an individual for suspected pneumoconiosis, which had resulted from exposures in a foundry/metal reclamation facility. Appropriate consent forms were obtained for the procedures. Historically, individuals who work in foundries have been exposed to various types of dusts. The clinical findings in this case were consistent with silicosis with a suspicion of asbestos-induced changes as well. A sample from this individual, analyzed by electron microscopy, showed both classical and atypical ferruginous bodies. The uncoated fiber burden in this individual indicated an appreciable number of anthophyllite asbestos fibers. This finding, coupled with analysis of cores from ferruginous bodies and the presence of ferruginous bodies in areas of interstitial fibrosis, pathologically supported the diagnosis of asbestos-related disease. The unique factor associated with this case is that unlike in some settings in Finland where anthophyllite was mined and used commercially, this mineral fiber is not commonly found in commercially used asbestos products in the United States. Although the actual source of the asbestos exposure in this case is still being sought, it should be recognized that anthophyllite is a contaminant of many other minerals used in workplace environments, including foundries. The fiber burden indicates a unique type of exposure, differing from that usually construed as typical in occupational settings in the United States.
Positive selection and recombination: major molecular mechanisms in colicin diversification
Authors: Ying Tan, Margaret A. Riley
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (1997)

Colicins, a family of antimicrobial proteins produced by Escherichia coli, are one of the best characterized microbial systems for studying processes of molecular diversification. Recent studies employing DNA sequence comparisons and experimental evolution suggest that positive selection and recombination play dominant roles in colicin diversification. Recombination between distantly related colicins has repeatedly generated novel classes of colicins, while positive selection for novel colicin immunity systems produces further diversity among closely related colicins. Together, these forces have resulted in a surprisingly large and diverse class of antimicrobials. Colicins are thought to play an important role in the invasion of bacteria into novel habitats.
ZiF-Predict: A Web Tool for Predicting DNA-Binding Specificity in C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins
Authors: Bhuvan Molparia, Kanav Goyal, Anita Sarkar, Sonu Kumar, Durai Sundar
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2010)

Abstract Engineering zinc finger protein motifs for specific DNA targets in genomes is critical in the field of genome engineering. We have developed a computational method for predicting recognition helices for C2H2 zinc fingers that bind to specific target DNA sites. This prediction is based on artificial neural network using an exhaustive dataset of zinc finger proteins and their target DNA triplets. Users can select the option for two or three zinc fingers to be predicted either in a modular or synergistic fashion for the input DNA sequence. This method would be valuable for researchers interested in designing specific zinc finger transcription factors and zinc finger nucleases for several biological and biomedical applications. The web tool ZiF-Predict is available online at http://web.iitd.ac.in/~sundar/zifpredict/.
Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Coronary Heart Disease in the American Cancer Society CPS-II Cohort
Authors: Kyle Steenland, Michael Thun, Cathy Lally, Clark Heath
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Thirteen of 14 epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of ≈20% for coronary heart disease (CHD) for never-smokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), but this association remains controversial. If true, ETS might account for an estimated 35 000 to 40 000 heart disease deaths per year in the United States. Methods and Results We have conducted the largest study to date, a prospective study of 353 180 female and 126 500 male never-smokers enrolled in 1982 in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II and followed through 1989. Analyses focused on subcohorts of 309 599 married pairs and of 135 237 subjects concordant for self-reported exposure and exposure reported by each one's spouse. More than 2800 CHD deaths (ICD 410-414) occurred among married pairs; 10% of married men and 28% of married women were married to currently smoking spouses, while 10% and 32%, respectively, were married to former smokers. After controlling for many cardiovascular risk factors, we found 22% higher CHD mortality (rate ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.40) among never-smoking men married to currently smoking wives compared with those married to wives who had never smoked. The corresponding rate ratio for women was 1.10 (0.96 to 1.27). Never-smokers living with former smokers showed no increased risk. When analyses were restricted to subjects whose ETS exposure was classified via both their own self-report and a spouse's report, the rate ratio was 1.23 (1.03 to 1.47) for currently exposed men and 1.19 (0.97 to 1.45) for women. Conclusions Results are consistent with prior reports that never-smokers currently exposed to ETS have about 20% higher CHD death rates. However, our data do not show consistent dose-response trends and are possibly subject to confounding by unmeasured risk factors.
195 CYCLOSPORINE HELPS TO ACHIEVE A HIGHER SVR IN PATIENTS RECEIVING PEG-INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN FOR RECURRENT HEPATITIS C AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: FINAL ANALYSIS OF A RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: R.J. Firpi, C. Soldevila-Pico, G. Morelli, R. Cabrera, C. Levy, V.I. Machicao, A. Michaels, C. Chen, D.R. Nelson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
A Lecture ON WOUND INFECTIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT: Delivered (with Demonstrations) at the Opening of an Exhibition of Surgical Appliances for the Treatment of the Wounded held at the Royal Society of Medicine from October 8th to 14th
Authors: A. E. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1915)

PART I. I.N iundertaling to dleliver an introductory lecture on suclh an occasiou as this I feel miiyself unLder a very lheavy disability-.Wh-Iiile I am imipressed-vejy profoundly im- pressed--with the ingenuity and valute of the mechlanical delvices anid appliances which lhave been brought tocetler withlinl these w alls, -I amii.as you lknow, quLite lacking in that e.jqert knowledge requiired for the proper appraise.ment of suchl tlings.There is, lowever, oned-and it is,
Bile acids cause secretory phospholipase A2 activity enhancement, revertible by exogenous surfactant administration
Authors: Daniele De Luca, Angelo Minucci, Enrico Zecca, Marco Piastra, Domenico Pietrini, Virgilio P. Carnielli, Cecilia Zuppi, Ascanio Tridente, Giorgio Conti, Ettore D. Capoluongo
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)