tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determining exposure and biochemical effects in human population studies.
Authors: R D Kimbrough
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

We all are surrounded by and exposed to many chemicals in our personal environment.These chem- icals are either naturally occurring or man-made.Such exposures may have profound impact on our health, such as cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and abuse of illicit and legal drugs, or they may be necessary for our survival, such as nutrients, disinfectants, fertilizers and fuels.How- ever, this is not what will be discussed here.We are concerned about chemicals which have inadvertently contaminated the environment because of the way they were used and disposed of, such as pesticides and other industrial chemicals.Of all the chemicals produced in industry, only some metals, halogenated compounds, plastics, and organotin compounds are persistent in the envi- ronment and in people.Most chemicals, unless present in large quantities, biodegrade and photo- degrade rapidly in the environment.They are also rapidly metabolized and excreted by people.Therefore, unless exposure was relatively recent, it is not possible to measure such chemicals as mycotoxins, organophosphorus compounds, solvents, nitrosa- mines, and carbamates.It is not possible to esti- mate the past and present levels of exposure in people accurately.For a number of them, it has not been determined what the background levels might be in the general population.When 100 blood and/or urine samples of people from the southeastern part of the United States were analyzed, 23% of these samples contained trace amounts of aflatoxin related materials (1).Similarly, Fine et al. (2) were able to measure trace amounts of nitrosamines in human blood.It is, therefore, conceivable that we all have trace
Are We Training Too Many Medical Subspecialists?
Authors: William B. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

As of 1983,10% to 40% of cities with a population of 200 000 to 500 000 lacked a board-certified physician in one or more medical subspecialties, and many additional cities of this size had only one certified representative in many of the subspecialties. Somewhat smaller cities (population, 125 000 to 200 000) had far less complete coverage. Even when one includes board-certified internists who declared themselves subspecialists but lacked certification, there were many relatively large cities without complete coverage. Between now and 2000, an appreciable portion of the projected larger pool of board-certified subspecialists will be required to deal with a growing population and an increase in per capita demand for care. Others will locate in unserved or underserved cities, but our data suggest that even in 2000, many relatively large cities will have a deficit of most types of subspecialists. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:233-239)
Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins and Cephalosporins
Authors: M. Barber, P. M. Waterworth
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Bacteriostatic Tests.-These were carried out by preparing doubling dilutions of the antibiotic in nutrient agar.The inoculum was made with a standard 1-mm.loop from an overnight broth culture; except where otherwise stated, the culture was first diluted 1 in 500.For tests of serum binding pooled human serum was used.Bactericidal Tests.-Bactericidalactivity was tested by the cellophane transfer technique of Chabbert (1957), full details of which are described by Garrod and Waterworth (1962).Development of Resistance.-Representative coliform bacilli were passaged on ditch-plates containing each of the two cephalosporins and then tested for their sensitivity to these antibiotics and penicillin.
Effects of coronary blood flow on myocardial grey level amplitude in two dimensional echocardiography: an experimental study
Authors: C. Marini, G. Ghelardini, E. Picano, D. Rovai, M. Lombardi, M. G. Trivella, A. Distante, A. L'Abbate
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

The aims were: (1) to evaluate whether differences in absolute and cyclic echocardiographic image amplitude exist in different layers (subendocardium and subepicardium) and regions (septal, anterior, lateral, inferior wall) of the canine left ventricle; (2) to assess the dependence of these variables upon local variations of coronary blood flow.In six anaesthetised open chest dogs the circumflex coronary artery was cannulated and perfused by a roller pump with blood from their own femoral artery. Maximum coronary vasodilatation was obtained by continuous adenosine infusion. The absolute values and the transmural distribution of coronary blood flow were measured by radionuclide labelled microspheres. Echo images were obtained in short axis view by a commercially available electronic sector scanner with a 5.0 MHz transducer directly placed on the epicardial surface of the right ventricle, and digitised off-line into a matrix of 256 x 256 pixels with 25% grey level per pixel. The average grey level was calculated for each region of interest.In 32 different conditions, circumflex flow ranged from 0.80 to 12.89 ml.min-1.g-1 and the endocardial/epicardial ratio of flow from 0.53 to 1.73. In the circumflex region (subjected to flow changes) segmental amplitude varied from 76(SD 20) (end diastole) to 56(18) (end systole), p < 0.001. In all regions, a consistent cyclic variation was found, ranging from 9(14) to 28(16)%. For all levels of flow, subendocardial and subepicardial regions showed similar values of both absolute amplitude and cyclic variation. No significant relationship was found between transmural distribution of blood flow and either segmental amplitude (r = 0.26) or cyclic variation (r = 0.04).(1) a consistent cyclic grey level variation is present in all regions of the canine left ventricle, but subendocardial and subepicardial layers show similar values of both absolute amplitude and cyclic variation; (2) in the absence of severe underperfusion and echocardiographically detectable dyssynergy, absolute amplitude and cyclic variation are totally unrelated to changes in coronary blood flow.
US study finds data changes in drug companies' brochures
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Three out of 20 brochures distributed to family doctors by drug companies exaggerated the benefit of treatments, a study published this week has found.

“We decided to do the study because pharmaceutical representatives are very active in promoting their products in our clinics and doctors often refer to them,” said the study's lead researcher, Robert Cardarelli, assistant professor of family medicine, at the University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth.

“This study shows that doctors should check the data before making changes to their prescribing.”

Together with colleagues he asked doctors in five of …
Vitamin D Intoxication Treated with Porcine Calcitonin
Authors: R. M. Buckle, T. R. Gamlen, I. M. Pullen
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Porcine calcitonin was used to treat three patients with hypercalcaemia due to vitamin D intoxication. In two patients a rapid and sustained fall to normal in serum calcium occurred within three days, in the third patient normocalcaemia was achieved in seven days. In view of its rapid and sustained effect calcitonin may be of value in the urgent treatment of hypercalcaemia due to vitamin D intoxication.
Given Diabetes, Is Fat Better Than Thin?
Authors: Carolyn Ross, Robert D Langer, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between BMI and mortality in women and men with type II diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), height and weight measurements, and medical history were obtained from 4,483 community-dwelling adults, aged 40–79 years, in 1972–1974. A total of 373 persons with either a history of diabetes or FPG ≥ 7.77 mmol/l were studied. Subjects were grouped into four sex-specific weight categories based on U.S. population data. Vital status after 14 years was known for 99.9% of the patients studied. Cox models were used to assess relative survival by weight category. RESULTS Diabetic men and women of average weight had the lowest mortality. A J-shaped relative risk curve by weight category was found, with a poorer survival rate for those who were thin, overweight, or obese. This effect was not explained by early mortality or cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS Being thin may not provide a mortality benefit for diabetic men and women. Average weight appears to be desirable.
Case 30-1978
Authors: Kenneth H. Gabbay, David L. Gang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Presentation of CaseFirst admission. A three-month-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of hypoglycemia.She was born of a full-term pregnancy to a 28-year-old mother with one previous child. No medications were taken during gestation, and a cesarean section was performed because of a breech presentation. The birth weight was 3.5 kg. The child initially did well except for "colic" that required frequent changes of formula. Yellow vegetables were introduced at the age of two months. During the week before entry she began to wake at 1 a.m. and cry until fed. Two days before admission she . . .
Academic Medicine's Financial Accountability and Responsibility
Authors: Uwe E. Reinhardt
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inverse Association between Pulmonary Function and C-Reactive Protein in Apparently Healthy Subjects
Authors: Doron Aronson, Inon Roterman, Mordechay Yigla, Arthur Kerner, Ophir Avizohar, Ron Sella, Peter Bartha, Yishai Levy, Walter Markiewicz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONCONCLUSIONSReferencesCITING ARTICLES
G.M.C. Annual Retention Fee
Authors: D. M. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Masked volumewise principal component (PC) analysis (PCA) is used in PET to distinguish structures that display different kinetic behaviors after administration of a tracer. When masked volumewise PCA was introduced, one article proposed noise prenormalization because of temporal and spatial variations of the noise between slices. However, the noise prenormalization proposed in that article was applicable only to datasets reconstructed using filtered backprojection (FBP). The study presented in this article aimed at developing a new noise prenormalization that is applicable to datasets regardless of whether they were reconstructed with FBP or an iterative reconstruction algorithm, such as ordered-subset expectation maximization (OSEM). <b>Methods:</b> A phantom study was performed to investigate differences in the expectation values and SDs of datasets reconstructed with FBP and OSEM. A novel method, higher-order PC noise prenormalization, was suggested and evaluated against other prenormalization methods on clinical datasets. <b>Results:</b> Masked volumewise PCA of data reconstructed with FBP was much more dependent on an appropriate prenormalization than was analysis of data reconstructed with OSEM. Higher-order PC noise prenormalization showed an overall good performance with both FBP and OSEM reconstructions, whereas the other prenormalization methods performed well with only 1 of the 2 methods. <b>Conclusion:</b> Higher-order PC noise prenormalization has potential for improving the results from masked volumewise PCA on dynamic PET datasets independent of the type of reconstruction algorithm.
Abstract 3793: S100A8/A9 promotes invasion and migration through p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB activation in gastric cancer cells.
Authors: Chae Hwa Kwon, Hyun Jung Moon, Hye Ji Park, Jin Hwa Choi, Do Youn Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract S100A8 and S100A9 (S100A8/A9) are low-molecular weight members of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. Recent studies have reported S100A8/A9 promote tumorigenesis. We have previously reported that S100A8/A9 is mostly expressed in stromal cells and inflammatory cells between gastric tumor cells. However, the role of environmental S100A8/A9 in gastric cancer has not been defined. We observed in the present study the effect of S100A8/A9 on migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. S100A8/A9 treatment increased migration and invasion at lower concentrations that did not affect cell proliferation and cell viability. S100A8/A9 caused activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was not affected by the NF-κB inhibitor Bay whereas activation of NF-κB was blocked by p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, indicating that S100A8/A9-induced NF-κB activation is mediated by phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. S100A8/A9-induced cell migration and invasion was inhibited by SB203580 and Bay, suggesting that activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB is involved in the S100A8/A9 induced cell migration and invasion. S100A8/A9 caused an increase in matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP12 expression, which were inhibited by SB203580 and Bay. S100A8/A9-induced cell migration and invasion was inhibited by MMP2 siRNA and MMP12 siRNA, indicating that MMP2 and MMP12 is related to the S100A8/A9 induced cell migration and invasion. Taken together, these results suggest that S100A8/A9 promotes cell migration and invasion through p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB activation leading to an increase of MMP2 and MMP12 in gastric cancer. Citation Format: Chae Hwa Kwon, Hyun Jung Moon, Hye Ji Park, Jin Hwa Choi, Do Youn Park. S100A8/A9 promotes invasion and migration through p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB activation in gastric cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3793. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3793
Genome typing of nonhuman primate models: implications for biomedical research
Authors: Tanja Haus, Betsy Ferguson, Jeffrey Rogers, Gaby Doxiadis, Ulrich Certa, Nicola J. Rose, Robert Teepe, Gerhard F. Weinbauer, Christian Roos
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2014)

The success of personalized medicine rests on understanding the genetic variation between individuals. Thus, as medical practice evolves and variation among individuals becomes a fundamental aspect of clinical medicine, a thorough consideration of the genetic and genomic information concerning the animals used as models in biomedical research also becomes critical. In particular, nonhuman primates (NHPs) offer great promise as models for many aspects of human health and disease. These are outbred species exhibiting substantial levels of genetic variation; however, understanding of the contribution of this variation to phenotypes is lagging behind in NHP species. Thus, there is a pivotal need to address this gap and define strategies for characterizing both genomic content and variability within primate models of human disease. Here, we discuss the current state of genomics of NHP models and offer guidelines for future work to ensure continued improvement and utility of this line of biomedical research.
GATA-1 and GATA-2 binding to 3′ enhancer of WT1 gene is essential for its transcription in acute leukemia and solid tumor cell lines
Authors: A Furuhata, M Murakami, H Ito, S Gao, K Yoshida, S Sobue, R Kikuchi, T Iwasaki, A Takagi, T Kojima, M Suzuki, A Abe, T Naoe, T Murate
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Distinct enzymatic responses in mice exposed to a range of low doses of ozone.
Authors: T S Veninga, J Wagenaar, W Lemstra
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Short-term exposure of mice to low O3 doses, as defined by the product of concentration and exposure time (ct), was observed to induce alterations in two enzyme systems: first, that leading to changes in hepatic reduced ascorbic acid (RAA) content, and second to changes in plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity. RAA alterations were noticed immediately, 30 min and 120 min after termination of the exposure period, whereas CPK showed alterations immediately and 15 min after termination of the exposure. Later determinations, i.e., 24 hr after O3 exposure for RAA and 30 min after 03 exposure for CPK, revealed no significant differences when compared to control animals. Although differences in sensitivity existed, the dose response curves for both systems were more or less similar, showing a short decrease for the initial very low O3 doses, followed by a profound rise and a gradual decrease to control levels for subsequent ct doses. Exceptions were the 30 min curve for RAA and the immediate curve for CPK in so far as that both showed an additional depression. Neither plasma histamine nor plasma lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH3) were observed to be altered by the range of O3 doses employed. These findings were explained on the basis of adaptation of the organism to a potentially noxious O3 stimulus by enhanced metabolic processes: a weak stimulus leading to only a small adjustment, and stronger stimuli to elevated enzyme activity as well. With increasing doses of O3 this elevation in enzyme activity was found to be gradually diminished, possibly due to a steadily growing demand, leaving the overshoot becoming continually smaller until a balanced state is achieved.
Ventilation–Perfusion–Chest Radiograph Match Is Less Likely to Represent Pulmonary Embolism If Perfusion Is Decreased Rather Than Absent
Authors: CHUN K. KIM, DANIEL F. WORSLEY, ABASS ALAVI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Purpose The authors’ goal was to determine whether the prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with matching ventilation–perfusion (V–Q) defects and chest radiographic opacities differs depending on the degree of perfusion deficit (absent versus decreased). Methods The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the data obtained from the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) study. In 233 patients, angiograms were of diagnostic quality for 275 lung zones that showed matching V–Q defects and chest radiographic opacities (triple matches). Of these, V–Q scans and chest radiographs from 217 patients with triple matches in 255 lung zones were retrieved and reviewed. Areas corresponding to chest radiographic opacities were scored as having either decreased perfusion or absent perfusion by consensus. Information regarding the presence or absence of pulmonary embolism in corresponding lung zones was obtained from the PIOPED database. Results The overall prevalence of pulmonary embolism in all lung zones with triple matches was 27% (69 of 255). Of the 255 areas of triple matches, the perfusion was decreased in 153 (60%) and absent in 102 (40%). The prevalence of pulmonary embolism in areas of triple matches with decreased perfusion and triple matches with absent perfusion was 13% (20 of 153) and 48% (49 of 102), respectively (P = 0.0001 by the chi-square test). When these were divided further by lung zones, triple matches with decreased perfusion and triple matches with absent perfusion in the upper–middle lung zone were associated with a prevalence of 0% (0 of 44), and 25% (9 of 36), respectively. The prevalence of pulmonary embolism in areas of triple matches with decreased perfusion and triple matches with absent perfusion in the lower lung zone was 18% (20 of 109), and 61% (40 of 66), respectively. Conclusions A V–Q/chest radiographic match is less likely to represent pulmonary embolism if perfusion is decreased rather than absent. The overall prevalence of pulmonary embolism associated with all triple matches in all lung zones varied from very low (0% in this series) to upper intermediate (61%), depending on whether perfusion was decreased or absent and also on the location of the triple match.
Simmonds's Disease due to Post-partum Necrosis of Anterior Pituitary
Authors: R. T. Cooke
Journal: BMJ (1945)

nosis.Coproporphyrin-Ill and a very small amount of coproporphyrin-I were also found.Fig. 2 represents the day-to-day execretion of uroporphyrin and of coproporphyrin from the 19th to the 23rd week after admission.The daily variations in pulse rate are also charted.An increase in porphyrin excretion was associated with a rise in pulse rate, though the correspondence was not exact. ConclusionThe administration of sulphonamides or of barbiturates may precipitate.anattack (Mason et al., 1933; Waldenstrom, 1939; Nesbitt and Watkins, 1942).Phenobarbitone, 1 gr.twice daily, was given for periods of several weeks during the third and fourth attacks, but there was no evidence that the drug affected their course adversely.The onset of the sixth relapse cannot be attributed to the administration of sulphathiazole, as the patient had then been losing weight for about four weeks-a sign, in his case, of pending relapse.A noteworthy feature of the disease is the degree of restoration of function of the para- lysed muscles, which in this patient appeared nearly complete. SummaryA patient complaining of attacks of abdominal pain, constipation, and fits was found to be excreting uroporphyrin-III in his urine and to be suffering from acute porphyria.A marked decrease in body weight preceded the onset of symptoms.In the course of three years he experienced six relapses, in each of which the symptomatology varied.Recovery now appears to be complete although porphyrinuria persists.In one attack the daily variation in porphyrin excretion was determined.The clinical features of the disease and methods by which the diagnosis may be confirmed in the laboratory are described.
Herpetic arthritis associated with disseminate herpes simplex in a wrestler
Authors: WALTER B. SHELLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article Herpetic arthritis associated with disseminate herpes simplex in a wrestler Get access WALTER B. SHELLEY WALTER B. SHELLEY Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U. S. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 103, Issue 2, 1 August 1980, Pages 209–212, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb06594.x Published: 01 August 1980