tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver Transplantation Today
Authors: RONALD W. BUSUTTIL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Orthotopic liver transplantation is a therapeutic option for patients with end-stage liver disease in whom conventional forms of medical therapy have failed. Since the first successful liver transplantation in 1967, more than 1000 have been done in North America and Europe. Improvements in patient selection, operative technique, and immunosuppression—most importantly, the introduction of cyclosporine—have resulted in an overall 1-year survival rate of 68%. Immediate postoperative problems are ischemic graft injury, acute rejection reactions, and technical problems with biliary and vascular anastomoses. Later complications include sepsis from bacterial, fungal, or viral pathogens due to immunosuppression. Late morbidity and mortality occur primarily because of chronic rejection or recurrence of primary liver disease. Despite the problems, liver transplantation is an exciting, nonexperimental therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease and offers hope to many patients for whom no treatment was previously available.
World population growth and some implications.
Authors: H. Gille
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The present world population of about 3,400 million is increasing by 70 million a year. At this rate the population will be doubled in barely thirty-five years. Never before has mankind experienced such a rapid growth. In the Middle Ages the increase was on the whole very small, amounting merely to a doubling of the population over a time span of about one thousand years. During the nineteenth century the rate of growth was slowly increasing, amounting on an average to 0.5% a year. Soon after the second world war the rate began to climb rapidly, and to-day it has reached 2.1%. In the less-developed countries, mainly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the population growth is almost everywhere substantially higher than in the economically developed countries in the West. In Latin America the increase is at the unprecedented rate of almost 3% a year and that of South-east Asia is nearly as high (2.7%). In these regions a number of countries have a rate of growth around 3.5%, which means that their population tends to double in twenty years or less. In contrast, the European countries have a very modest rate of growth?on an average less than 1% a year.
A monoclonal antibody specific for a common determinant of the human T cell receptor gamma/delta directly activates CD3+WT31- lymphocytes to express their functional program(s).
Authors: E Ciccone, S Ferrini, C Bottino, O Viale, I Prigione, G Pantaleo, G Tambussi, A Moretta, L Moretta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

In an attempt to select mAbs specific for human TCR-gamma/delta, a polyclonal CD3+ 4-8-WT31- (TCR-gamma/delta+) cell line (MV1) was used for mice immunization. An mAb, termed BB3, reacted with MV1 cells but not with a large panel of CD3+ WT31+ (TCR-alpha/beta+) cell populations or clones. In addition, BB3 mAb reacted with the majority of CD3+ WT31- clones derived from six different donors. Double-color fluorescence experiments and FACS analysis showed that BB3+ cells were restricted to the CD3+ fraction of peripheral blood lymphocytes; in addition, in several donors the percentages (0.5-8% of total PBL) of BB3+ cells paralleled those of CD3+ WT31- cells. Surface molecules recognized by BB3 were susceptible to antibody-induced modulation; in addition, cell treatment with either BB3 or anti-CD3 mAb caused the simultaneous downregulation of the two molecules. That BB3 molecules are physically linked to CD3 antigen was further supported by immunoprecipitation experiments. Thus, under conditions that preserve the TCR-CD3 association, both BB3 and anti-CD3 mAb precipitated from 125I-labeled MV1 cells the same set of molecules. These consisted in the 18-28-kD CD3 molecules and in three bands of approximately 44, 42, and 38 kD under reducing conditions. When cell lysis was performed in 1% NP-40, the molecules immunoprecipitated by BB3 mAb were represented by an 80-kD band under nonreducing conditions, which resolved, under reducing conditions, in the three 44-, 42-, and 38-kD bands. Similar disulphide-linked forms of the TCR molecules were revealed in all of the other eight CD3+ WT31- BB3+ clones analyzed. Analysis of TCR molecules by electrophoresis (NEPHGE) showed that BB3 or anti-CD3 precipitated a 44-kD molecule displaying a basic PI (approximately 7.5) and two more acidic proteins (PI approximately 6) with a mol mass of 42 and 38 kD. Studies aimed to define whether stimuli directly acting on TCR-gamma/delta could induce CD3+ WT31- cell activation revealed that (a) In the presence of PMA, soluble BB3 mAb induced IL-2 production by MV1 cell line and by three other CD3+ WT31- BB3+ clones analyzed. (b) BB3 mAb-producing hybridoma used as triggering target, was efficiently lysed by CD3+ WT31- BB3+ effector cells (but not by CD3+ WT31+ BB3- conventional CTL). (c) Soluble BB3 mAb induced CD3+ WT31- BB3+ effector cells to lyse the Fc receptor-positive P815 target cells. (d) BB3-TCR-gamma/delta interaction on CD3+ WT31- BB3+ cells induced a rapid increase of [Ca2+]i levels, similar to that observed in response to anti-CD3 mAbs.
Characterization of MTHFR, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and CYP1A1 genotypes in childhood acute leukemia
Authors: Gunay Balta, Nazmiye Yuksek, Emel Ozyurek, Ulya Ertem, Gonul Hicsonmez, Cigdem Altay, Aytemiz Gurgey
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract The role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T), glutathione S ‐transferases (GSTM1 and GSTT1 null, GSTP1 Ile105Val), and cytochromes p450 (CYP1A1*2A) genotypes in the etiology of childhood leukemia was simultaneously investigated. 144 Turkish children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 33 with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) were studied and compared with 185 healthy pediatric controls. The frequency of MTHFR genotype was insignificantly higher in ALL (7.7%) and ANLL (6.3%) than in controls (4.4%). Equal distribution of the GSTM1 null genotype was detected between ALL patients and controls (55%), while its incidence was slightly higher in ANLL patients (61.3%). Although GSTT1 null genotype was insignificantly lower in ALL patients (20.9%) than controls (22.7%), it was significantly underrepresented in ANLL patients (6.5%) ( P = 0.05, OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.05–1.03). The homozygous frequency of GSTP1 genotype did not differ significantly between groups of ALL (3.7%), ANLL patients (9.1%) and controls (4.9%). Homozygous CYP1A1*2A genotype was underrepresented in ALL patients (1%) as compared to control (4.8%) but the differences did not reach to statistical significance (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.03–1.72). Homozygosity for this genotype was not detected in ANLL patients. No particular association was noted between different combinations of combined genotypes and risk of development of childhood ALL and ANLL. These results suggested that there are no significant associations between the studied genotypes and the risk of developing either form of acute leukemia except GSTT1 null and homozygosity for CYP1A1 genotypes that may play protective roles in the development of ANLL in Turkish children. Am. J. Hematol. 73:154–160, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concussion in sports. Guidelines for the prevention of catastrophic outcome
Authors: J. P. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Concussion (defined as a traumatically induced alteration in mental status, not necessarily with loss of consciousness) is a common form of sports-related injury too often dismissed as trivial by physicians, athletic trainers, coaches, sports reporters, and athletes themselves. While head injuries can occur in virtually any form of athletic activity, they occur most frequently in contact sports, such as football, boxing, and martial arts competition, or from high-velocity collisions or falls in basketball, soccer, and ice hockey. The pathophysiology of concussion is less well understood than that of severe head injury, and it has received less attention as a result. We describe a high school football player who died of diffuse brain swelling after repeated concussions without loss of consciousness. Guidelines have been developed to reduce the risk of such serious catastrophic outcomes after concussion in sports. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:2867-2869)
Risk and Benefits of Screening Mammography
Authors: Donald R. Lannin
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stafford inquiry will probe why external supervision failed
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A public inquiry that opened this week will learn NHS-wide lessons from the scandal of Stafford Hospital, the lawyer chairing the inquiry pledged.

Investigations into the hospital, run by Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, found that patients received “appalling” care and that more than 400 excess deaths occurred between 2005 and 2008.

Opening the inquiry, its chairman, Robert Francis QC, said it was important to “keep at the forefront of our minds the terrible effect of the system’s failings on those it was meant to serve.” Mr Francis said he had listened to “many stories of appalling care” during the inquiry he conducted last year into failings at the hospital, which heard evidence in private. …
Asthma and risk of pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Wan-Jie Gu, Jing-Chen Liu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

We read with interest the article by Chung [1] about the risk of pulmonary thromboembolism in asthmatic patients. This nationwide population cohort study suggests that the risk of developing pulmonary thromboembolism significantly is increased in asthmatic patients compared to those of the general population, with a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of 3.24 (95% CI 1.74–6.01). The authors considered that as …
Increase in bronchopulmonary infection due to branhamella catarrhalis.
Authors: D T McLeod, F Ahmad, S Capewell, M J Croughan, M A Calder, A Seaton
Journal: BMJ (1986)

In a six month prospective study during the winter Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated from the sputum of 63 patients with symptoms of bronchopulmonary infection: 49 isolates were in pure culture and 14 were with another pathogen, Haemophilus influenzae being the commonest (found with 10 of the 14 B catarrhalis isolates). Of 36 patients infected in the community, 26 required admission to hospital. The remaining 27 patients were infected while in hospital. Forty four of the 63 isolates produced beta lactamase; 26 of these had been acquired in the community. As a result 29 patients were treated inappropriately with ampicillin and did not respond to this treatment. beta Lactamase produced by B catarrhalis may also protect other pathogens normally susceptible to beta lactam antibiotics. Most patients had chronic lung diseases or lung cancer, but three otherwise healthy patients who did not smoke developed bronchitis. B catarrhalis contributed to the death of five patients. A survey of the antibiotic prescribing habits of the referring general practitioners together with the sensitivity results of B catarrhalis suggest that changes in antibiotic prescribing habits in the community may be responsible for the increase in B catarrhalis infection.
Landmark perspective: Smoking and death rates
Authors: R. Doll
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In 1958, Cuyler Hammond and Daniel Horn<sup>1,2</sup>published two articles in consecutive issues ofThe Journalthat made outstanding contributions to medical science. The first article described the remarkable enterprise undertaken by the American Cancer Society to determine the effects of smoking and reported the results in terms of the total mortality from all causes associated with different smoking habits.<sup>1</sup>The second, which is reproduced in this issue ofThe Journal, described the spectrum of diseases associated with smoking and the extent to which the differences in mortality in the different groups of smokers might actually be due to differences in what they had smoked.<sup>2</sup> Hammond and Horn's study broke new ground in two ways. First, it showed that it was possible to elicit useful information about personal habits from as many as 200,000 persons, follow them up for several years, and obtain information about their causes
Legal landmark for community care of former psychiatric patients.
Authors: G Thornicroft, A Halpern
Journal: BMJ (1993)

A recent judgment of the Lands Tribunal has set an important precedent which should decrease the potential for restrictive covenants to thwart the development of the government's care in the community programme. In 1989 a Worthing couple were permitted to convert their own house into a residential care home for former psychiatric patients. Judge B Marder, QC, ruled on 12 January 1993 that the "public interest" outweighed a contractual stipulation that the property should be used only for residential, non-business purposes. This is a radical change in the Lands Tribunal's view of mental illness.
Opening the FDA Black Box
Authors: Steven N. Goodman, Rita F. Redberg
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is sometimes described as the most powerful regulatory agency in the world, its decisions affecting billions of both lives and dollars. The agency has this distinction not just because of its legislative mandate or governmental role but in part because of its reputation.1 This reputation has been shaped by how it makes its decisions, by its “conceptual power” in the language and methodologic standards it uses for drug and device approval, and by its ability to gain legitimacy among multiple audiences via a combination of scientific rigor and flexibility.1
Blood flow and in vivo apparent viscosity in working and non-working skeletal muscle of the dog after high and low molecular weight dextran.
Authors: L Gustafsson, L Appelgren, H E Myrvold
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We studied the effect of high and low molecular weight dextran on blood flow and in vivo apparent viscosity in the vasodilated vascular bed of working and non-working skeletal muscle. In 12 mongrel dogs, the calf muscle of one hindlimb was isolated. Vasodilation was induced either by sciatic stimulation setting the muscle at rhythmic work or by intraarterial infusion of papaverine. Blood flow was measured electromagnetically at different perfusion pressures. In vivo apparent viscosity was calculated by comparing pressure-flow relationship for blood and a reference solution. Viscosity in vitro was determined in a cone-plate viscometer. A hyperviscous state was induced by intravenous infusion of high molecular weight dextran (HMWD). Hemodilution subsequently was produced by administration of low molecular weight dextran (LMWD). After HMWD, blood flow decreased to 30% of control values in the non-working group and to 45% of control values in the working group. After subsequent infusion of LMWD, blood flow returned to 60% of control values in the non-working group and to 70% of control values in the working group. In vivo apparent viscosity increased to values 250% above control in the non-working group and to 120% above control in the working group following HMWD. After subsequent infusion of LMWD in vivo, apparent viscosity decreased, but remained at values 65% above control in the non-working group and 45% above control in the working group. Thus, the flow impairment induced by HMWD was less pronounced in the working muscle, indicating a flow-preserving effect of rhythmic muscle contractions in this state of disturbed blood rheology. In contrast, the flow-improving effect of LMWD by hemodilution was more pronounced in the non-working muscle.
DIE DURCHFÜHRUNG INHALATIVER ANTIGEN‐PROVOKATIONSPROBEN MIT HILFE DER GANZKÖRPERPLETHYSMOGRAPHIE
Authors: E. GONSIOR, M. KRÜGER, J. MEIER‐SYDOW
Journal: Allergy (1976)

Bronchial provocation tests are performed in order to reproduce the symptoms of extrinsic bronchial asthma. The bronchial obstruction induced hereby can be demonstrated by plethysmographic measurement of specific airway resistance, which is superior to spirometric parameters with regard to sensitivity and effort independence. A rise of specific airway resistance above 20 cmH2O X sec ("dyspnoea threshhold") can be used as the criterium of a positive result. In contrast to forced expiratory manoeuvres no spirometry induced asthma can occur. Automatic evaluation by electronic data processing is possible.
Disruption of an AP-2α binding site in an IRF6 enhancer is associated with cleft lip
Authors: Fedik Rahimov, Mary L Marazita, Axel Visel, Margaret E Cooper, Michael J Hitchler, Michele Rubini, Frederick E Domann, Manika Govil, Kaare Christensen, Camille Bille, Mads Melbye, Astanand Jugessur, Rolv T Lie, Allen J Wilcox, David R Fitzpatrick, Eric D Green, Peter A Mossey, Julian Little, Regine P Steegers-Theunissen, Len A Pennacchio, Brian C Schutte, Jeffrey C Murray
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Approach is now screening, prevention, and recognition
Authors: Mehraj Shah, Farida Jan, Akeem Sule
Journal: BMJ (2007)

We select the letters for these pages from the rapid responses posted on bmj.com favouring those received within five days of publication of the article to which they refer.Letters are thus an early selection of rapid responses on a particular topic.Readers should consult the website for the full list of responses and any authors' replies, which usually arrive
ST segment tracking for rapid determination of patency of the infarct-related artery in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Aland R. Fernandez, Rafael F. Sequeira, Simon Chakko, Luis F. Correa, Eduardo J. De Marchena, Robert A. Chahine, Denise A. Franceour, Robert J. Myerburg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that monitoring the ST segment on a single electrocardiographic (ECG) lead reflecting activity in the infarct zone provides sensitive and specific recognition of reperfusion within 60 min of initiation of therapy in acute myocardial infarction.Infarct-related arteries that fail to recanalize early may benefit from immediate rescue angioplasty. Hence, detection of reperfusion has important practical clinical implications.Of 41 patients with acute myocardial infarction who had ambulatory ECG (Holter) monitors placed, 38 had adequate ST segment monitoring for 3 h; 35 of the 38 were treated with thrombolytic agents and 3 with primary angioplasty. All patients underwent early coronary angiography and were classified into two groups: Group P (22 patients) had angiographic patency (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] grade 2 or 3 flow), the Group O (16 patients) had persistent occlusion (TIMI grade 0 or 1 flow) of the infarct-related vessel at 60 min from initiation of therapy. The initial ST segment level was defined as the first ST segment level recorded; the peak ST segment level was defined as the highest ST segment level measured during the 1st 60 min. To assess the optimal ST segment recovery criteria for reperfusion, the presence or absence of a > or = 75%, > or = 50% and > or = 25% decrement from initial and peak ST segment levels, sampled and analyzed at 2.5-, 5-, 10-, 15-and 20-min intervals, was correlated with patency of the infarct-related artery at 60 min.ST segment recovery of > or = 50% reduction from peak ST segment levels with sampling rates at < or = 10-min intervals provided the optimal criterion for recognizing coronary artery patency at 60 min (sensitivity 96%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 77% to 99%; specificity 94%, 95% CI 69% to 99%, p < 0.0001). The subgroup of 13 patients in Group P with TIMI grade 3 reperfusion flow all met this criterion (sensitivity 100%, 95% CI 75% to 100%). The use of the initial ST segment level as the baseline for determining the presence of a > or = 50% reduction in ST segment levels within 60 min was less sensitive. Prediction of coronary reperfusion within 60 min of therapy on the basis of a > or = 75% decrement from peak ST segment levels was less sensitive, and the use of a > or = 25% decrement was less specific.ST segment monitoring of a single lead reflecting the infarct zone provides a reliable method for assessing reperfusion within 60 min of acute myocardial infarction. Optimal criteria for ECG reperfusion include a > or = 50% decrease from peak ST segment levels, with ST segment measurements recorded continuously or at least every 10 min.
P1156 DACLATASVIR, ASUNAPREVIR, AND BMS-791325 IN A FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION: A PHASE 1 BIOAVAILABILITY STUDY IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS
Authors: R. Adamczyk, K. Sims, I. Chang, D. Filoramo, J. Pursley, S. Charlton, O. Koo, R. Bertz, B. Rege, M. AbuTarif
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
THE PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES IN KIANG SU PROVINCE, CHINA.
Authors: GEORGE M. OLSON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Although it is commonly known that intestinal parasites are very prevalent in China, but little definite statistical work has been done, and so far as can be ascertained none in this province of Kiang Su. China, considered medically, is rather an indefinite term with its great extent of territory and its hundreds of millions of people. The eighteen provinces vary in many important essentials as: 1. Climate; from the arctic cold of the northern to the tropical heat of the southern. 2. Elevation; from the plains and level provinces to the mountainous. 3. Density of population; from 30 to a square mile to 600. 4. Amount of rainfall. Therefore, it is quite probable that the prevalence of intestinal parasites in one province will be quite different from that in another. The present series of examinations of stools of Chinese was made at the laboratory of St. Luke's Hospital, Shanghai, through