tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Scintiangiography of hepatic masses in childhood
Authors: G. F. Gates
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Forty-three children with intrahepatic masses had technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid hepatic scintigrams including scintiangiography. Hypervascularity occurred in nearly one third of the masses, but was limited to children with primary liver tumors including hepatomas, hepatoblastomas, hepatic adenomas, and cavernous hemangiomas. All metastases, abscesses, and hematomas were hypovascular. Routine inclusion of scintiangiography may allow separation of primary hypervascular liver tumors from other hypovascular masses whose static hepatic scintigrams are virtually identical. (<i>JAMA</i>239:2667-2670, 1978)
HIV Treatment in a Conflict Setting: Outcomes and Experiences from Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Heather Culbert, David Tu, Daniel P O'Brien, Tom Ellman, Clair Mills, Nathan Ford, Tina Amisi, Keith Chan, Sarah Venis
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Armed conflict and HIV infection have had a profound impact on the societies of sub-Saharan Africa. The number of countries engaged in armed conflict has fluctuated, totalling 24 African states in 2004 [1]; most of these conflicts are intrastate and chronic. The region also bears the world's highest burden of HIV, with more than 25 million people reported to be infected [2].

Although the inter-relationship between HIV and conflict is increasingly clear [3–6], the effect of conflict and instability on the incidence and prevalence of HIV can be unpredictable [6]. Much of the evidence on risks is unreliable, and conflict may both protect a population from HIV by isolating communities from the spread of infection, and increase an individual's risk through displacement, sexual violence, and breakdown of communities and health-care institutions.

Despite an often significant burden of HIV-related mortality and morbidity, few HIV care programmes have been attempted in conflict regions. There is a perception that it will be too difficult to perform safely and effectively, and that HIV prevention and treatment are of secondary importance to concerns such as food, shelter, water and sanitation, basic medical care, and personal security. As outlined in Table 1, providing HIV care in conflict settings involves additional obstacles to those generally encountered in other resource-limited settings.



Table 1

Obstacles to Providing HIV Care in Resource-Limited Chronic Conflict Settings



This paper describes lessons from three years' experience of providing HIV care, including antiretroviral therapy (ART), to a conflict-affected population in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
Self inflicted rectal ulcer: hearing is believing
Authors: A Hokama
Journal: Gut (2003)

Abundant data have incriminated intestinal bacteria in the initiation and amplification stages of inflammatory bowel diseases.However, the precise role of intestinal bacteria remains elusive.One theory has suggested a breakdown in the balance between putative species of ''protective'' versus ''harmful'' intestinal bacteria-this concept has been termed ''dysbiosis''.Arguments in support of this concept are discussed.. . . . . . . .
The global epidemiology of chronic cough in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Woo-Jung Song, Yoon-Seok Chang, Shoaib Faruqi, Ju-Young Kim, Min-Gyu Kang, Sujeong Kim, Eun-Jung Jo, Min-Hye Kim, Jana Plevkova, Heung-Woo Park, Sang-Heon Cho, Alyn H. Morice
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Cough is an essential defence mechanism [1]. However, chronic cough is a significant cause of morbidity, seriously impairing quality of life [2]. Previously, chronic cough was considered a consequence of various diseases, such as asthma/eosinophilic bronchitis, rhinitis and gastro-oesophageal acid reflux disease [3, 4]. Recent evidence, however, suggests that chronic cough is a clinical syndrome with distinct intrinsic pathophysiology characterised by neuronal hypersensitivity [5–7]. Here, we estimated the worldwide epidemiological burden of chronic cough irrespective of putative diagnosis in general adult populations using a comprehensive systematic literature review. Chronic cough has a high global epidemiological burden. A standard definition would facilitate further studies. <http://ow.ly/HPCnw> We gratefully acknowledge the help of GlaxoSmithKline (UK) in providing data translation assistance. We also wish to acknowledge the statistical advice from Soyeon Ahn (Division of Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea).
A 12-week clevudine therapy showed potent and durable antiviral activity in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Hyo-Suk Lee, Young-Hwa Chung, KwanSik Lee, Kwan Soo Byun, Seung Woon Paik, Joon-Yeol Han, Kwon Yoo, Hee-Won Yoo, Jin Heon Lee, Byung Chul Yoo
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Clevudine is a nucleoside analog with an unnatural β-L configuration. In a phase I/II clinical trial, once daily doses ranging from 10 to 200 mg for 28 days were well tolerated, and produced significant antiviral activity. The present study was conducted to assess the degree and durability of the antiviral response to 12 weeks of clevudine treatment, and to investigate its safety and tolerability. A total of 98 patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B were randomized to placebo (n = 32), 30-mg clevudine (n = 32), and 50-mg clevudine (n = 34) groups. Patients were followed up after 12 weeks of treatment for a further 24 weeks off-therapy. Median serum hepatitis B virus DNA reductions from baseline at week 12 were 0.20, 4.49, and 4.45 log10 copies/mL in the placebo, 30-mg clevudine, and 50-mg clevudine groups, respectively ( P &lt; .0001). Posttreatment antiviral activities were sustained, with 3.32 and 2.99 log10 reductions at week 12 off-therapy and 2.28 and 1.40 log10 reductions at week 24 off-therapies in the 30- and 50-mg clevudine groups, respectively. Median serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels decreased markedly from baseline during clevudine treatment and were maintained below the upper limit of normal throughout the 24 weeks off-therapy in the two clevudine-treated groups. The incidences of adverse events and treatment-emergent grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities were similar for the three groups. In conclusion , clevudine showed potent antiviral activity during therapy and induced a sustained posttreatment antiviral effect for 6 months after a 12-week treatment period, and this was associated with a sustained normalization of ALT levels. (Hepatology 2006;43:982–988.)
Matrix metalloproteases and lung disease.
Authors: C M O'Connor, M X FitzGerald
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Development, tissue remodelling, cell migra- tion, inflammation, angiogenesis, and wound healing are just some of the physiological pro- cesses in which the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), a family of highly homologous endo- peptidases, play a crucial part.'"Collectively the MMPs can cleave most, if not all, the protein constituents of the extracellular matrix including collagen, proteoglycan, laminin, fibronectin, and elastin.In so doing they facilitate cell movement, reorientation, and dispersal.The production and action of the MMPs are subject to strict control, ensuring limited proteolysis of the extracellular matrix during cell migration, tissue remodelling and repair."'Inadequate regulation of MMP production or action has, however, been implicated in a wide range of pathological processes including several lung diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, periodontal and renal diseases, osteoarthritis, fibrotic disorders, and tumour invasion. 7-12 Recent studies elucidating (1) the sequence homologies between members of the MMP family,'3 (2) factors involved in the regulation of MMP expression,'4 15 and (3) mechanisms of MMP activation and inhibition'6 17 have added considerably to our knowledge of the crucial control mechanisms which can tip the balance of MMP action from normal homoeostasis to pathological process.In this review the salient features of the action and regulation of MMPs
Self-Confrontation by Video Tape
Authors: Leif O. Torkelson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Video tape recording technology has progressed to the point where it is feasible to adapt it to a host of healthscience applications. One of these is the recording of fourth-year medical students as a remedial measure in teaching diagnostic evaluation. Although no attempt has been made to evaluate the technique scientifically, preliminary impressions from both teachers and students indicate a high degree of agreement that it is a valuable, easy-to-employ procedure.
A long-term, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of the efficacy of fluoxetine for trichotillomania
Authors: S M Streichenwein, J I Thornby
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors' objective was to determine the efficacy of fluoxetine at high doses for the treatment of trichotillomania in a long-term, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.Twenty-three adult chronic hair pullers agreed to take part in the trial, taking fluoxetine doses of up to 80 mg/day. The 31-week trial consisted of a 2-week washout phase, a first treatment phase of 12 weeks, a 5-week washout phase, and a crossover second treatment phase of 12 weeks. Sixteen patients (14 women and two men) completed the trial.There were no significant differences between fluoxetine and placebo treatments for the measures of weekly severity of hair pulling, weekly severity of urge to pull, daily hair counts (or estimated hair pulled), or days of hair pulling.The efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of trichotillomania was not demonstrated in this study.
Asymptomatic Gallstones in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Andrew K. Diehl
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 June 1989Asymptomatic Gallstones in Diabetic PatientsAndrew K. Diehl, MDAndrew K. Diehl, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-12-1033 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Friedman and colleagues (1) are to be congratulated for their sophisticated decision analysis of the management of asymptomatic gallstones in diabetic patients. The validity of any decision analysis, however, depends on the validity of the probabilities assigned to the chance nodes. Unfortunately, the authors' estimates of the mortality related to elective cholecystectomy differ markedly from widely accepted values, especially for the younger age groups. Their estimated mortality rate of 1 % for a 30-year-old woman, for example, is 20 times that used in a related decision analysis (2). Similarly, the rate assigned to 30-year-old men is off...References1. FriedmanRobertsBrettMarton LMAK. Management of asymptomatic gallstones in the diabetic patient. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:913-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. RansohorfGracieWolfensonNeuhauser DWLD. Prophylactic cholecystectomy or expectant management for silent gallstones. A decision analysis to assess survival. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:199-204. LinkGoogle Scholar3. NewmanNorthup HJ. Gallbladder carcinoma in cholelithiasis. A study of probability. Geriatrics. 1964;19:453-5. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. LowenfelsLindstromConwayHastings ACMP. Gallstones and risk of gallbladder cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1985;75:77-80. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. MaringhiniMoreauMeltonHenchZinsmeisterDiMagno AJLVAE. Gallstones, gallbladder cancer, and other gastrointestinal malignancies: an epidemiologic study in Rochester, Minnesota. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:30-5. LinkGoogle Scholar1. FriedmanRobertsBrettMarton LMAK. Management of asymptomatic gallstones in the diabetic patient. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:913-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. RansohoffGracieWolfensonNeuhauser DWLD. Prophylactic cholecystectomy or expectant management of silent gallstones: a decision analysis to assess survival. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:199-204. LinkGoogle Scholar3. MaringhiniMoreauMeltonHenchZinsmeisterDiMagno AJLVAE. Gallstones, gallbladder cancer, and other gastrointestinal malignancies: an epidemiologic study in Rochester, Minnesota. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:30-5. LinkGoogle Scholar4. TurunenKivilaakso ME. Increased risk of colorectal cancer after cholecystectomy. Ann Surg. 1981;194:639-41. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByIs Prophylactic Lumbar Discectomy Ever Indicated? 15 June 1989Volume 110, Issue 12Page: 1033-1034KeywordsAge groupsCholecystectomyDeath ratesDecision analysisMortality Issue Published: 15 June 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
803-4 Very Early Noninvasive Visualization of Experimental Atherosclerosis with Chimeric Antibody Z2D3 Radiolabeled with In-111 via Negatively-Charged Chelating Polymer, or Tc-99m via Glucarate Transchelation
Authors: Jagat Narula, Artiom Petrov, Charles Ditlow, Francis Chen, Chris Pak, Ban-An Khaw
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
CALCIUM AND PARATHYROID GLANDS IN RELATION TO HYPERESTHETIC RHINITIS
Authors: ROBERT SONNENSCHEIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

There recently have been advocated some new conceptions with regard to the etiology and treatment of so-called vasomotor rhinitis. Much emphasis has been placed on the rôle of the parathyroid glands in this disease as well as on the disturbances in calcium metabolism which are said to take place concurrently. A brief summary of the current ideas concerning normal function of the parathyroid glands, their rôle in disease and their therapeutic value is perhaps timely. Interesting also are the modern theories concerning calcium metabolism, its disorders, and the use of calcium clinically. The parathyroid glands are four in number, lying near or in the substance of the thyroid glands. Histologically and in function, they are quite independent of the latter. Accessory glands occur and may account for discrepancies in the results following parathyroidectomy. Structurally, the parathyroids consist of interstitial tissue containing two sorts of cells: the chief or principal ones,
New Horizons in Oncologic Imaging
Authors: Dow-Mu Koh, Gary J.R. Cook, Janet E. Husband
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In recent years, the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach to the care of patients with cancer has changed the landscape of oncologic practice. Using this model, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, and others work closely to determine the optimal approach to management.The key roles of oncologic imaging in this model are to provide accurate pretreatment staging of the tumor, to monitor the response to therapy, and to provide surveillance after curative treatment; thus, the radiologist has an important role in planning routine cancer care. In the light of major advances in cancer treatments, however, there is now a compelling need . . .
Impaired natural immunity to pneumolysin during human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United States and Africa.
Authors: B M Amdahl, J B Rubins, C L Daley, C F Gilks, P C Hopewell, E N Janoff
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a significantly increased incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia and concomitant bacteremia. We hypothesized that the predisposition of HIV-infected patients to invasive pneumococcal infection may be related, in part, to an impaired immune response to the pneumococcal antigen pneumolysin (PLY) because PLY facilitates bacterial invasion. We measured serum anti-PLY antibodies in two separate populations of HIV-infected and HIV-seronegative controls, using both an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and a functional assay of antibody inhibition of PLY-induced hemolysis and cytotoxicity. HIV-infected patients in the United States had significantly lower titers of anti-PLY antibodies by both methods than did seronegative control subjects. Moreover, HIV-infected patients in Kenya who later developed pneumococcal bacteremia also had significantly lower anti-PLY antibody levels at baseline compared with seronegative control subjects. We conclude that lower baseline levels of antibodies to PLY are associated with the higher incidence of bacteremic pneumococcal infections among HIV-infected patients.
TCT-698 Aortic Valve-in-Valve Implantation inside Stented vs. Stentless Bioprostheses: Insights from the Global Valve-in-Valve Registry
Authors: Matheus S. Santos, John Webb, Ran Kornowski, Sabine Bleiziffer, David Hildick-Smith, Dominique Himbert, Hendrik Treede, Stephen Brecker, Azeem Latib, Danny Dvir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
On the Analysis of Urea in Urine for Clinical Purposes
Authors: J. L. W. Thudichum
Journal: BMJ (1857)

With the concurrence and assistance of my sagacious friend Mr. Burdlett, who had strongly recommended the patient to abide by whatever decision in regard to surgical treatment I might come to. the eyeball was excised on 25th of July, in the presence of the gentleman named, and his assistant, Mr. Nichol.From that day to the present (Sept.10th), not a single twinge of the old kind of pains las been felt.In six days after the opera- tion, the orbit was quite fit for the reception of an artificial eye; the patient went out of doors, and expressed himself as feeling better, more comfortable, and as enjoying better sight, than he had done for nearly six years.I have omitted to state that, on the day of the operation, Mr. P. was suffering from severe neuralgia, which had been present for more than a week.CASE vi.Excision of a disorganised Eye previous to the Ex- traction of a Cataract fiom the fellow-Organ.J. B., a healthy boatmaln, residing at Stoke Prior, aged 50, applied to the Bir- mingham Eye Infirmary, in July 1857, with a green capsulo- lenticular cataract in the right eye, the pupil of which was widely dilated and fixed, and the iris orange-coloured; to the strongest stunlight the eye wvas blind, and had been so for the last three years.No pain had ever been felt in it.The left eye was healthy, with the exception of a completely formed lenticular cataract.There were no cardiac murmurs.Holding the views that have been above enunciated in re- gard to the possibility of a painless and uninflamed disor- ganisedl eye sympathetically affecting the fellow-organ, I ex- cised J. B.'s right eyeball on July 8th.He soon afterwards returned home.On August 8th, I extracted by the upper sec- tion the left cataract without accident to the iris or vitreous humour.The patient was discharged with a bright active iris, a re- newed central puipil, and good vision.CASE 'vii.Excision of the Globe followed by Two Houtrs Pain only: the Parts hiealed in Three Days.J. H., aged 29, feeble, aund of strumous diathesis, entered the Birmingham Eye In- firmary, in August 1857, with disorganisation and cataract of the Xright eye, wlhich had existed from an early period.Incon- siderable pain was occasionally experienced in the part.In the last six or eight months the left eye had gradually failed, and he ha(l become unable to identify persons ; my features appeared all in a mist.The pupil was dilated, sluggish, and blacl.
Coping with the aftermath of trauma: NICE guidelines on post-traumatic stress disorder have fundamental flaw
Authors: Derek A Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Gersons and Olff discuss coping with the aftermath of trauma.1 The guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) that they mention conclude that early psychological intervention or debriefing does not prevent post-traumatic stress disorder, and might even be harmful.2 A significant reason for this is that a professional intervention can unwittingly embed a preoccupation with a traumatic event …
Atlas of Human Anatomy
Authors: John E. Skandalakis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In the last paragraph of the introduction to his book<i>Atlas of Human Anatomy</i>, Dr Netter states, "We did think of men like Vesalius, Leonardo da Vinci, William Hunter, and Henry Gray, who of course are unfortunately unavailable, but I do wonder what their comments might have been about this atlas." Perhaps the first medical illustrator was Berengario da Carpi (1460-1530), whom Garrison called "the first to prepare anatomical designs from nature." Berengario, professor of surgery at Bologna (1502-1527) and author of the book<i>A Commentary on Modino</i>, presented himself as an anatomist-illustrator. He was the first of the pre-Vesalian anatomists to present an illustrated anatomy. Even earlier, however, Donatello (1386-1466) was one of the first artists to take up the scientific study of anatomy. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) dissected approximately 50 bodies and made over 750 drawings. Vesalius (1514-1564), William Hunter (1718-1783), Henry Gray (1827-1861), and doubtless others would
Immunological Responses in Pregnancy and Survival of Fetal Homograft
Authors: R. Finn, C. A. St. Hill, A. J. Govan, I. G. Ralfs, F. J. Gurney, V. Denye
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Immunological responses were studied in pregnant women and controls using as tests phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation and the tuberculin reaction. Significantly reduced responses were found to both tests in the pregnant women. These results suggest that a reduction in T-cell activity during pregnancy may help protect the fetus from rejection by its mother9s immunological mechanisms.
Molecular detection of clone-specific DNA in hypopigmented lesions of a patient with early evolving mycosis fungoides
Authors: M. VOLKENANDT, H.P. SOYER, L. CERRONI, O.M. KOCH, J. ATZPODIEN, H. KERL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

A specific molecular probe for the malignant lymphoid clone of lesions of a patient with mycosis fungoides was developed. As a clone-specific marker the junctional region of rearranged T-cell-receptor-gamma (TCR-γ) genes was used. An oligonucleotide primer complementary to these sequences was designed. Using this primer and polymerase chain-reaction technology, early hypopigmented lesions of the patient, which were previously unclassifiable by conventional microscopy, were analysed. The study demonstrates, on the molecular level, that these hypopigmented lesions contain tumour clone-specific DNA and may represent early manifestations of mycosis fungoides.