tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gastroeosophygeal reflux in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Value of isolated treatment with pantoprazole
Authors: Aliae Mohamed-Hussein, Mohammad Kobeisy, Mohamed-Eltaher Ibrahim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objective: to test the value of treatment of gasteroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in improving the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Patients and methods: The study included 63 patients diagnosed with OSAS after complete history taking, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), physical examination, and full night polysomnography. Of them 29 patients were diagnosed with concomitant GERD by standardized Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ), upper endoscopy, and 24-hour pH monitoring and received Pantoprazole 40 mg once daily for 2 months. The patients were reevaluated by polysomnography, ESS, quality of life SF36 v2 questionnaire. Results: The twenty- nine patients with OSAS and GERD had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and reported non significant increase in sleep and daytime symptoms of OSAS. After 2 months treatment with Pantoprazole, there was significant decrease in apnea hypopnea index (AHI), snoring events, arousal index, and ESS. Meanwhile, there was a significant improvement in sleep efficiency, minimum O2 saturation, desaturation index and quality of life parameters (SF 36 v2). Conclusions: GERD and OSAS are common co morbid conditions. Adequate treatment of GERD with Pantoprazole, 40 mg/day for 2 months was effective in improving many subjective and objective findings of OSAS. In patients with OSAS and history suggestive of GERD, upper endoscopy, pH monitoring and treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may be an important adjunct in controlling OSAS symptoms.

Key words: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, OSAS, gastro esophageal reflux disease, GERD, Proton pump inhibitors, Pantoprazole.
Antihypertensive therapy in experimental diabetes.
Authors: S Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

Systemic hypertension is an important risk factor for the progression of diabetic glomerular disease. Recognition of this detrimental aspect has prompted intensive investigation into the mechanisms by which systemic hypertension promotes diabetic glomerulopathy, as well as into potential benefits of antihypertensive therapy. Studies in diabetic rats, both normotensive and hypertensive, have established that certain antihypertensive regimens effectively slow the development of albuminuria and glomerular sclerosis. Most consistently effective have been angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which may act to protect the kidney by several different mechanisms. Other antihypertensive regimens have been less consistent.
Risk-Taking and Innovation: A view from the Nuffield Trust
Authors: John Wyn Owen, J Elizabeth Mitchell
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

At a recent meeting on the role of philanthropy, held at the King's Fund, London, the first ever assessment of the amount of money spent by charities on health in London was presented. The combined total each year—including hospitals, charities and large and small grant-making trusts—came to £473 million (about US$680 million)1. Charities have been called ‘the last free agents’—independent bodies free to invest where they see the need. This privileged status comes with a great responsibility—to be flexible and to take risks. We must use our combined resources to do what individuals cannot. We must use our political latitude to go where government will not. And we must make a difference.

Of the £473 million spent by charities on health in London each year, 51% goes to clinical, biomedical and medical scientific research but only 6% to community-based projects and care. According to funders there is a simple reason for this difference—that clinical researchers make the best applications. However, we have a duty to ensure that important areas of research and care are not neglected. The bottom-line question is, are we maximizing our investments for the greatest return? Specifically in this case, are we adequately funding community care?
P-326 Usefulness of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) as Prognosis Factor in Patients with Stage III Rectal Cancer Treated with Neo- adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: P. Luna-Pérez, M.D.L. Ramírez-Ramírez, M. Gutierrez de la Barrera, R. Silva-Martínez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Markers of endothelial cell activation and immune activation are increased in patients with severe leptospirosis and associated with disease severity
Authors: Marco Goeijenbier, M. Hussein Gasem, Joost C.M. Meijers, Rudy A. Hartskeerl, Ahmed Ahmed, Marga G.A. Goris, Bambang Isbandrio, Simone S. Schuller, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus, Byron E.E. Martina, Eric C.M. van Gorp, Jarlath E. Nally, Jiri F.P. Wagenaar
Journal: Journal of Infection (2015)
Polymer Tumorigenesis: Clonal Determination of Histopathological Characteristics During Early Preneoplasia; Relationships to Karyotype, Mouse Strain, and Sex&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Kenneth H. Johnson, Lance C. Buoen, Inge Brand, K. Gerhard Brand
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Tumors were induced in CBA/H and CBA/H-T6 mice by subcutaneous implantation of plastic films. Histologic studies were done on 49 of these tumors. Histopathologic criteria were established that distinguished 4 classes of tumors, reflecting various degrees of anaplasticity. These classes were: 1) well-differentiated fibrosarcomas, 2) spindle cell sarcomas, 3) anaplastic round-cell sarcomas without giant cells, and 4) anaplastic sarcomas with giant cells. Close morphologic relationships were recorded for “homologous” tumors that arose from segments of the same implant transferred to recipient mice during the preneoplastic stage. (Transfer was done 6 or more months after initial implantation; tumors developed within 6 months after transfer.) The findings are in line with the hypothesis that a preneoplastic cell clone is present on the film surface soon after implantation and that homologous tumors are derived from cells of the same clone (see J Nat Cancer Inst 39: 663–679, 1967). Relating histopathologic classification to other tumor data revealed that CBA/H mice, in contrast to CBA/H-T6 mice, and both CBA/H and CBA/H-T6 males tend to have tumors with higher degrees of anaplasticity. These highly anaplastic tumors tend to have tetraploid chromosome deviations.
Awareness of lung cancer symptoms and risk factors
Authors: Hanna Maria Hanson, Mait Raag, Merje Adrat, Tanel Laisaar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction  Majority of lung cancers (LC) are diagnosed in a late stage, which might be related to lack of LC risk factors, symptoms and prognosis awareness. The aim of this study was to evaluate these factors in Estonia.  Materials  A survey was conducted to assess the awareness of LC risk factors, symptoms and prognosis. Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher and chi-square tests were used to compare the groups.  Results  Altogether 403 participants (108 male, 295 female; median age 29 (range 13 to 74) years; 98 smokers, 90 ex-smokers and 212 non-smokers) completed the survey (321 filled in online questionnaire, 82 were interviewed face-to-face).  Three per cent of the respondents were unable to name any LC risk factor, 36% named one and 61% two or more. Smoking was mentioned most commonly (96%), others far less often. When presented with a list of different LC risk factors 99,7% of the respondents recognised 2 or more; most commonly again smoking (99%), followed by second-hand smoking (95%) and previous LC or family history of LC (87%).  Concerning LC symptoms, 17% were unable to name any, 21% named one and 62% named 2 or more. Prolonged cough was mentioned most often (59%), followed by dyspnea (45%) and chest pain (30%). When presented with a list, 99% of respondents recognised 2 or more symptoms linked with LC. Again prolonged cough most often (86%), followed by weakness (85%) and chest pain (82%).  There were no statistical differences in LC symptom, risk factor or prognosis awareness among smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. There were some differences related to age, sex, education and type of used questionnaire.  Conclusions  Awareness of LC risks and symptoms are relatively low in general population without differences between smokers and non-smokers.
A multicenter comparison of dialysis membranes in the treatment of acute renal failure requiring dialysis.
Authors: J Himmelfarb, N Tolkoff Rubin, P Chandran, R A Parker, R L Wingard, R Hakim
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

The mortality of patients with acute renal failure (ARF) remains high, and in several large studies approaches 60%. This mortality is particularly high in patients with ARF who require dialysis and has not changed substantially over several years, despite the introduction of major advances in monitoring and treatment. Increasing prevalence of comorbidities has been suggested as the major factor in this persistently high mortality. This study investigates the potential role of the dialysis membrane on patient outcome in a prospective multicenter study of 153 patients with ARF requiring dialysis. The membrane assignment was made in alternating order and was limited to membranes with low complement activation (Biocompatible [BCM]) and cellulosic, high complement activation (Bioincompatible [BICM]). Both types of membranes were low-flux membranes. Patients were dialyzed with the assigned membrane until recovery, discharge from hospital, or death. The severity of illness of each patient was assessed using the APACHE II score at the time of initiation of dialysis. A logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for the APACHE II score. The results of the study showed a statistically significant difference in survival (57% in patients on BCM, 46% in patients on BICM; P = 0.03) and in recovery of renal function (64% in patients on BICM and 43% in patients on BICM; P = 0.001). These differences were particularly marked in the patients who were nonoliguric (>400 ml/d of urine output) at initiation of the study. In the subset of patients who were nonoliguric at the start of dialysis, a larger fraction (70%) became oliguric after initiating dialysis on a BICM membrane, in contrast to 44% who were initiated on a BCM membrane (P = 0.03). It is concluded that the biocompatibility of the dialysis membrane plays a role in the outcome of patients with ARF, particularly those who are nonoliguric at the time of initiation of dialysis.
Monoclonal Antibodies Against Cell Surface Antigens Present on Human Urinary Bladder Cancer Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T Masuko, H Yagita, Y Hashimoto
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

After hybridomas were prepared by cell fusion between the mouse myeloma cell line P3x63Ag8.653 and the spleen cells of a BALB/c mouse hyperimmune to the human bladder cancer KU-1 cell line, they were cloned. Monoclonal antibodies (HBA4, HBE3, HBE10, HBF2, HBG9, and HBH8) from the hybridoma clones were selected for their serologic reactivity to cell surface antigens of KU-1 cells and for their unresponsiveness to 2 human lymphoma cell lines. They were cross-reactive with a characteristic portion of human epithelial tumor cell lines and with surgically resected bladder cancer tissues. With regard to reactivity to normal human cells and tissues, HBG9 alone was reactive to epidermis and both HBF2 and HBH8 were reactive to erythrocytes, but none of the other 3 monoclonal antibodies was reactive to any normal cells or tissues. The biochemical analysis of the antigens defined at least three antigenic systems. One system was a glycopeptide complex recognized by HBA4, HBE3, and HBG9, and it consisted of molecules having molecular weights of 78,000 (major) and 40,000 and 130,000, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the 125I-radiolabeled extracts of KU-1 cells. Treatment of KU-1 cells with tunicamycin or neuraminidase lowered the reactivity to these antibodies, suggesting that the antigenic determinants reside in sialoglycoproteins. Antigenic determinants against HBG9 and the other two antibodies (HBA4 and HBE3) appeared to be different, as judged by the serologic reactivities. The other two antigenic systems detected by HBE10, HBF2, and HBH8 were defined as neutral glycolipids, according to heat stability, solubility in organic solvents, and characters in lipid fractionation. When examined by thin-layer chromatography in chloroform-methanol-0.25% KCl (30:15:4), a lipid component recognized by HBE10 migrated to a single zone [retardation factor (Rf), 0.33]. The other two antibodies (HBF2 and HBH8) did detect two lipid components (Rf, 0.23 and 0.33). Although the lipid component detected by HBE10 showed the same migration distance as one of the components detected by HBH8 (or HBF2), the antigenic determinants defined by these antibodies appeared to be different, as judged by their serologic reactivities.
Eating Disorders
Authors: Evelyn Attia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

This issue provides a clinical overview of eating disorders focusing on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, practice improvement, and patient information. Readers can complete the accompanying CME quiz for 1.5 credits. Only ACP members and individual subscribers can access the electronic features of In the Clinic. Non-subscribers who wish to access this issue of In the Clinic can elect "Pay for View." Subscribers can receive 1.5 category 1 CME credits by completing the CME quiz that accompanies this issue of In the Clinic. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including PIER (Physicians' Information and Education Resource) and MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic from these primary sources in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing division and with assistance of science writers and physician writers. Editorial consultants from PIER and MKSAP provide expert review of the content. Readers who are interested in these primary resources for more detail can consult www.acponline.org, http://pier.acponline.org, and other resources referenced within each issue of In the Clinic.
Mortality Reduction with Influenza Vaccine in Patients with Pneumonia Outside “Flu” Season
Authors: Dean T. Eurich, Thomas J. Marrie, Jennie Johnstone, Sumit R. Majumdar
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Observational studies suggest a 50% mortality reduction for older patients receiving influenza vaccination; some deem this magnitude of benefit implausible and invoke confounding by the "healthy user effect" as an alternate explanation.To evaluate unrecognized confounding by hypothesizing the presence of a 50% mortality reduction with vaccination for patients with pneumonia outside of influenza season.Clinical, laboratory, and functional data were prospectively collected on 1,813 adults with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to six hospitals outside of influenza season in the Capital Health region (AB, Canada). Vaccination status was ascertained by interview and chart review. Outcome was in-hospital mortality. Influenza-vaccinated patients were matched to a nonvaccinated control using propensity scores, and then multivariable regression was used to determine the independent association between vaccination and mortality.The cohort consisted of 352 vaccine recipients and 352 matched control subjects. Most (85%) patients were 65 years or older, 29% had severe pneumonia, and 12% died. Influenza vaccination was associated with a 51% mortality reduction (28 of 352 [8%] died vs. 53 of 352 [15%] control subjects; unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.79; P = 0.004) outside influenza season. Adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities did not alter these findings (adjusted OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.27-0.76). More complete adjustment for confounding (e.g., functional and socioeconomic status) markedly attenuated these benefits and their statistical significance (adjusted OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.35-1.85; P = 0.61).The 51% reduction in mortality with vaccination initially observed in patients with pneumonia who did not have influenza was most likely a result of confounding. Previous observational studies may have overestimated mortality benefits of influenza vaccination.
ACCF/AHA 2007 Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring by Computed Tomography in Global Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and in Evaluation of Patients With Chest Pain
Authors: Philip Greenland, Robert O. Bonow, Bruce H. Brundage, Matthew J. Budoff, Mark J. Eisenberg, Scott M. Grundy, Michael S. Lauer, Wendy S. Post, Paolo Raggi, Rita F. Redberg, George P. Rodgers, Leslee J. Shaw, Allen J. Taylor, William S. Weintraub, Robert A. Harrington, Jonathan Abrams, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Eric R. Bates, Cindy L. Grines, Mark A. Hlatky, Robert C. Lichtenberg, Jonathan R. Lindner, Gerald M. Pohost, Richard S. Schofield, Samuel J. Shubrooks, James H. Stein, Cynthia M. Tracy, Robert A. Vogel, Deborah J. Wesley
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Platelet-activating factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatic subjects
Authors: SC Stenton, EN Court, WP Kingston, P Goadby, CA Kelly, M Duddridge, C Ward, DJ Hendrick, EH Walters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on 28 asthma patients, 7 patients with emphysema and 11 control subjects. Total and differential cell counts were performed and cellular metabolic activity was assessed using luminol and lucigenin amplified chemiluminescence. BAL supernatants were assayed for platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lyso-PAF using a sensitive guinea-pig bioassay. Eight of the asthma patients but none of the emphysema patients or control subjects had PAF in their BAL fluid. Lyso-PAF was measurable in BAL fluid in most subjects and no differences were detected between groups. Among the asthma patients, the presence of PAF in BAL supernatant was significantly associated with a combination of low neutrophil and high lymphocyte counts (p less than 0.05) and with macrophage metabolic activity as assessed by lucigenin chemiluminescence (p less than 0.05).
Inspiration: An assistance program for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients on pirfenidone
Authors: Jessica MacQuarrie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction : The INSPIRATION program supports patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis undergoing pirfenidone therapy in Canada.

Aim : To evaluate patient satisfaction with the INSPIRATION program.

Methods : The experiences of 50 patients enrolled in the program the longest, between 8-13 months (median 10 months), were evaluated from the time of enrollment and throughout treatment.

Results : Assistance with reimbursement processing and drug order and delivery coordination resulted in 54% of patients starting pirfenidone within an average of 8 days (median 8 days) after enrollment. The remaining patients began therapy after a longer period (median 55 days) mostly due to pending reimbursement. During therapy, nurses contacted and spoke with patients on average 10 times for ∼20 minutes per call, while 41 patients called in an average of 2 times during treatment for ∼20 minutes per call. Frequent topics included patient well-being, drug tolerance, symptoms, scheduled appointments, blood tests, and test results. Nurses generally reported on treatment compliance, answered questions and provided patient education regarding symptom prevention and management. Based on the close nurse-patient interaction, 85% of patients were satisfied with the program according to a satisfaction survey:

![Figure][1] 



Conclusion : Overall, patients were satisfied with the INSPIRATION program suggesting that it enhanced their therapy experience.

 [1]: pending:yes
Acute high-dose parenteral haloperidol treatment of psychosis
Authors: Y Lerner, E Lwow, A Levitin, R H Belmaker
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

After 2 days of drug-free observation, 20 newly admitted psychotic patients received 20-35 mg of haloperidol intravenously and 20 patients received 30-40 mg of diazepam intravenously. Posttreatment ratings at 4 and 24 hours with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impressions revealed significant improvement in both groups but no significant differences between the two treatments.
Immunology of the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MTV). Electron Microscopic Studies of Interaction Between MTV and Specific Antibody in Immunodiffusion&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Phyllis B. Blair, Carolyn Smoller, Rose S. Bonhag, David W. Weiss
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

The precipitate line specific for the mouse mammary-tumor virus (MTV), which develops in immunodiffusion plates in which MTV-containing preparations are reacted with specific antisera, contains numerous, characteristic aggregates of type-B virus particles. These aggregates were seen when any of several different MTV-antigen preparations were used in the immunodiffusion assay, including purified sucrose density gradient fractions of infected milk, and when either mouse or rabbit antisera against MTV were used. When rabbit antisera against MTV were labeled either directly with ferritin or indirectly by addition of ferritin-conjugated goat anti-rabbit serum globulin to the immunodiffusion plates, the ferritin granules were localized around the virus particles. These studies provide strong additional evidence that the reactive antigen in the immunodiffusion test for MTV is, in fact, the type-B virus particle, which thus further identifies this virus particle as representing at least one form of MTV.
Thoracoscopy for Physicians: A Practical Guide
Authors: R. Loddenkemper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Thoracoscopy for Physicians: A Practical Guide     Edited by D.R. Buchanan, E. Neville     Published by Arnold, London     Pages: 166. Price: £24.99, €37.56. ISBN 0-340-74211-9

This is the first book published in the UK on the topic of what is otherwise known as “medical thoracoscopy” or “pleuroscopy”. A. Matthews from Portsmouth is given the credit for advocating this technique in the UK, and the authors of this contribution have been trained …
Suppression of Ehrlich Ascites Tumors in Mice by Minute Virus of Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E Guetta, Y Graziani, J Tal
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

As a model system to study parvoviral oncosuppression, Ehrlich ascites (EA) cells were injected into the peritoneal cavities of ICR mice, and the effect of im injection of minute virus of mice (MVM) on EA tumor growth was examined. Coinjection with MVM resulted in a dramatic inhibition of EA tumor formation. Tumor suppression required viable, infectious virus. Mice that had survived one EA-MVM coinjection acquired long-term resistance to additional injections of EA cells.