tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of comorbidity and mortality in COPD
Authors: Bjorn Stallberg, Karin Lisspers, Scott Montgomery, Josefin Sundh, Christer Janson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of comorbidity and underweight with all cause-mortality in COPD patients.

Methods: A total of 1548 patients with a diagnosis of COPD were randomly selected from 56 primary care and 14 secondary care centres in Sweden. The response rate was 75%. Information was collected using questionnaires in 2005 and record review for the period of 2000-2003. The Swedish Board of Health and Welfare provided mortality data. Lung function and history of comorbidities were obtained from the patients' records. This analysis included patients with available spirometry data. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio.

Results: A total of 552 patients (aged 34-75) were included in the study, 43% men (mean age 65) and 57% women (mean age 62). Of all, 27% were current smokers and mean FEV1 (percent of predicted) was 58. Over five years, in total 120 patients (22%) died, 13% in primary care and 33% in secondary care. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with ischemic heart disease/cardiac failure, hazard ratio 1.91 (95%CI 1.30-2.80), with hypertension, hazard ratio 1.83 (95%CI 1.22-2.75) and with underweight (BMI<20), hazard ratio 1.74 (95%CI 1.12-2.70) after adjustments for age, sex, smoking, education, level of care and lung function. There was no significant difference in mortality for patients with diabetes or depression.

Conclusion: Heart disease, hypertension and underweight were in this study associated with higher mortality in COPD patients.
Influence of severity on outcome in a phase II trial of ciprofloxacin DPI in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: Robert Wilson, Peter Reimnitz, Elisabeth Operschall, Jeff Alder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Ciprofloxacin dry powder for inhalation (ciprofloxacin DPI) is an antibacterial in development for chronic intermittent treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB). Objective: To assess influence of baseline severity score (SS) and presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( PA ) on outcomes in patients with NCFB. Methods: Post-hoc analysis of a phase II randomized trial of ciprofloxacin DPI 32.5 mg bid vs placebo over 28 days (+56 days follow-up [FU]) in patients with NCFB. For baseline SS, 1 point was allocated for: FEV1  2 exacerbations in the past year; St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) activity score ≥55 points; age ≥65 years; BMI <18.5. Results: At Day 28, patients on ciprofloxacin DPI had greater total sputum bacterial load reduction from baseline (–3.62 log10 CFU/g) than those on placebo (–0.27 log10 CFU/g; p <0.001). Mean (±SD) baseline SS was 1.92 (±1.15) and 1.88 (±1.25) in the ciprofloxacin DPI and placebo arms. Overall, 52% of patients were PA -positive. There was no consistent influence of SS or PA on hs-CRP levels or sputum colour, at either baseline or any study timepoint. SS affected frequency of exacerbations in the placebo ( p =0.031) but not the ciprofloxacin DPI group; PA did not influence frequency of exacerbations. At Day 8 of treatment and at 2 weeks FU, PA affected bacterial load reduction (ciprofloxacin DPI arm); SS had no effect at any timepoint. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin DPI had microbiological efficacy independently of SS at baseline. SS influenced frequency of exacerbations in the placebo group. PA presence at baseline had an effect on bacterial load reduction during ciprofloxacin DPI treatment.
Unusual Presentations of Lymphoma
Authors: Thein H. Oo, Leo S. Aish, Hani Hassoun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.7.1942 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11919255 Unusual Presentations of Lymphoma Case 1. Sea-Blue Histiocytes in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Thein H. OoxThein H. OoSearch for articles by this author , Leo S. AishxLeo S. AishSearch for articles by this author , Hani HassounxHani HassounSearch for articles by this author Show More St Elizabeth’s Medical Center of Boston, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.7.1942 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Sensitization to aeroallergens in Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Tunis
Authors: Fatma Chermiti Ben Abdallah, Soumaya Ben Saad, Amel Chtourou, Sofia Taktak, Ridha Mahouachi, Fatma Tritar, Ikram Drira, Ali Ben Kheder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: respirtory allergy is increasing worldwide.Type and multiplicity of allergens depends on the region.  Aim of the study: determine the profile of sensitization to common aerollergens in patients consulting for respiratory allergies at Abderrahmen Mami hospital in Tunis.  Patients and method: retrospective study including 400 patients consulting in our hospital between January 2009 and mars 2011 for respiratory allergy and having positive skin prick tests. Skin prick tests were performed with a battery of 12 common aerollergens.  Results: Patients mean age was 20 years with sex ratio of 0.8. Respiratory allergy consisted of asthma in 72 % of cases and rhinitis in 58 % of cases. In 34 % of cases the two diseases were associated. Sensitization profile was as follows: house dust mites (HDM) in 85 %, pollen in 17 %, cat in 9 %, dog in 5 %, cockroach in 5 %, aspergillus in 1 %, alternaria in 0.5 % and feathers in 0.5 % of cases. In 35 % of patients, there was a multisensitization. Asthma and rhinitis were diagnosed in respectively 76.4 % and 60 % of patients with HDM sensitization. Pollen allergy was associated with rhinitis in 68.3 % of cases and asthma in 60.8 % of cases. Patients with cat or cockroach sensitization were asthmatic in 70 % of cases. Three patients of four having aspergillus sensitization had severe asthma. Statistic analysis found no relation between type of aerollergen and disease severity.  Conclusion: most frequent aeroallergens responsible of respiratory allergy in our patients were HDM and pollens. Asthma was the principle manifestation and no relationship was found between type of aeroallergen and severity of respiratory allergy.
Discovery of candidate proteins, PIGR and SELENBP1, as novel markers of airway diseases in COPD
Authors: Hidetoshi Nakamura, Miho Nakamura, Shotaro Chubachi, Takahiro Nakajima, Toru Shirahata, Saeko Takahashi, Naoto Minematsu, Hiroki Tateno, Chie Murata, Hideaki Tada, Koichiro Asano, Tomoko Betsuyaku
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: COPD is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, although useful biomarkers and treatment targets of COPD have not been identified.

Aims: To discover novel proteins in airways to distinguish COPD patients from healthy smokers using proteomic approaches.

Methods: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was performed for epithelial lining fluid (ELF) obtained from bronchus of COPD patients (n=4) and control smokers (n=4). Expression at mRNA levels was quantified by RT-PCR and microarray for some of the candidate proteins using airway epithelial cells and peripheral lung tissues from COPD patients and smoking controls. C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to cigarette smoke for 3 months and airway epithelial cells were harvested by laser capture microdissection (n=6). Non-smoking mice were served as controls (n=6).

Results: We first identified 29 proteins in ELF which were different between COPD and control smokers. For 14 out of 29 proteins, the difference was consistent at mRNA levels in human epithelial cells. Same trend was clearly observed for 2 proteins out of 14 at mRNA levels in peripheral lung tissues (i.e., increase of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) and decrease of selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1)). Mouse Airway epithelial cells also exhibited increase of PIGR and decrease of SELENBP1 expressions along with the development of emphysema following 3 months-smoke exposure.

Conclusions: Proteomic approaches for ELF followed by gene expression analyses identified 2 COPD-related proteins, PIGR and SELENBP1, which might be functional in mucosal immunity and antioxidant properties, respectively, in the airways of COPD.
Long term follow-up of Greek patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Relation to transforming growth factor-beta genetic profile
Authors: Despina Papakosta, George Spyropoulos, Kalliopi Domvri, Katerina Manika, Eirini Kontakioti, Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective:  The aim of the present study was to investigate the development of pulmonary sarcoidosis and its possible correlation with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) gene polymorphisms.   Methods:  Sixty-five patients with biopsy proven pulmonary sarcoidosis , 24 males and 41 females, mean age 46.3±10.8 years, 15 with acute/self remitting and 50 with chronic disease and 19 healthy controls, mean age 37.8±6.4 years, were included in the study. All patients were recruited from the Out-Patient Clinic for Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and had a mean follow-up time of 9.1±6.4 years. Classification by radiological stage was made both currently and at initial diagnosis. For the immunogenetic study DNA was extracted from the patients and controls peripheral blood samples. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TGF-β2 (rs 1891467) and TGF-β3 (rs 3917200) were investigated by real time PCR.   Results:  A change in stage classification was observed over time. 35 patients showed a complete remission, 15 of them spontaneously. The distributions of allele carrier and genotype frequencies of TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 in patients and controls did not deviate from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.Genotype frequencies analysis did not show any significant differences between patients and controls.A statistically significant difference was observed between decreased frequency of C-Allele in the TGF-β3 and acute course among male patients (p:0.018). There was no association between the TGF-β2 or -β3 genotype and radiographic stage.   Conclusions:  TGF-β3 gene polymorphisms might play a role in the development of pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Head-to-Head Comparison of Left Ventricular Function Assessment with 64-Row Computed Tomography, Biplane Left Cineventriculography, and Both 2- and 3-Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiography
Authors: Johannes Greupner, Elke Zimmermann, Andrea Grohmann, Hans-Peter Dübel, Till Althoff, Adrian C. Borges, Wolfgang Rutsch, Peter Schlattmann, Bernd Hamm, Marc Dewey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Factors associated with mortality in ventilator associated pneumonia of multidrug resistant acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Aysun Sengul, Erkan Sengul, Serap Argun Baris, Nuket Hayirlioglu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

AIM  Acinetobacter baumannii is a patogen leading to serious infections and deaths. Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) of A. baumannii have increased the risk of mortality. We aimed to assess the mortality in VAP of A. baumannii and factors affecting mortality.   METHODS  The records of 54 patients followed due to A.baumannii associated VAP were assessed retrospectively. The patients were divided two groups according to whether ocurring mortality within 30 days after isolation of bacteria. The groups were compared according to following factors: age, gender, comorbidity, APACHE-II score, day of hospitalization, central venous catheter, nutrition (parenteral-enteral), surgery, leucocyte count, thrombocyte count, mean platelet volume, C-reactive protein and drug resistance.   RESULTS  Mortality was developed in thirthy-eight patients (%70). Mortality rate was higher in males than in females (P=0.04). Renal failure was present in thirteen patients in the died group and one in the survived group (P=0.01). APACHE II scores was 21.14±4.26 in the died group and 14.20±4.89 in the survived group (P  The count of platelet was less in the died group than in the survived group.   CONCLUSION  Male gender, high APACHE II score, renal failure and low platelet count was related to mortality in patients with VAP of A.baumannii.
The influence of smoking on the level of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with COPD
Authors: Liubov Dolinina, Vasilii Trofimov, Anna Delieva, Olga Galkina
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Smoking is a major risk factor for COPD. The mechanisms of the effect of smoking on the progression of the disease is not fully understood.

The purpose of: To identify the relationship of smoking and the activity of local and systemic inflammation in patients with COPD.

A total of 98 patients, 76 of them smokers with an average experience of smoking a pack of 25 ± 1,8 / year. Revealed that smokers C-reactive protein blood (12,7 ± 4, 5 mg / L), TNFα from bronchial washings (6,3 ± 1,9 pkg / ml) and TNFα from serum (12,19 ± 4, 0 pkg / ml) significantly (p <0,005) higher than in nonsmokers (3,15 ± 0,94 mg / L, 2,15 ± 1,8 pkg / ml, 8,57 ± 4,03 pkg / ml respectively). At the same time in smoking patients was significantly greater neutrophils in sputum and sputum IL-8. There were significant (p <0,005) negative correlation between the level of IL-8 in sputum, and FEV1 (r = 0,363).

Conclusion. The study allowed to identify and confirm the relationship of smoking to the presence and activity of inflammatory process local and systemic in patients with COPD.
Design of ProCAs (Protein‐Based Gd<sup>3+</sup> MRI Contrast Agents) with High Dose Efficiency and Capability for Molecular Imaging of Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Shenghui Xue, Jingjuan Qiao, Jie Jiang, Kendra Hubbard, Natalie White, Lixia Wei, Shunyi Li, Zhi‐Ren Liu, Jenny J. Yang
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2014)

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the leading imaging technique for disease diagnostics, providing high resolution, three‐dimensional images noninvasively. MRI contrast agents are designed to improve the contrast and sensitivity of MRI. However, current clinically used MRI contrast agents have relaxivities far below the theoretical upper limit, which largely prevent advancing molecular imaging of biomarkers with desired sensitivity and specificity. This review describes current progress in the development of a new class of protein‐based MRI contrast agents (ProCAs) with high relaxivity using protein design to optimize the parameters that govern relaxivity. Further, engineering with targeting moiety allows these contrast agents to be applicable for molecular imaging of prostate cancer biomarkers by MRI. The developed protein‐based contrast agents also exhibit additional in vitro and in vivo advantages for molecular imaging of disease biomarkers, such as high metal‐binding stability and selectivity, reduced toxicity, proper blood circulation time, and higher permeability in tumor tissue in addition to improved relaxivities.
Are informed consent forms that describe clinical oncology research protocols readable by most patients and their families?
Authors: S A Grossman, S Piantadosi, C Covahey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE This study was conducted to assess the readability of informed consent forms that describe clinical oncology protocols. METHODS One hundred thirty-seven consent forms from 88 protocols that accrued patients at The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center were quantitatively analyzed. These included 58 of 99 (59%) institutional protocols approved by The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center's Clinical Research Committee and the Institutional Review Board (IRB) over a 2-year period, and 30 active Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG), and Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) trials. The consent forms described phase I (17%), phase I/II (36%), phase III (29%), and nontherapeutic (18%) studies. Each was optically scanned, checked for accuracy, and analyzed using readability software. The following three readability indices were obtained for each consent form: the Flesch Reading Ease Score, and grade level readability as determined by the Flesch-Kincaid Formula and the Gunning Fog Index. RESULTS The mean +/- SD Flesch Reading Ease Score for the consent forms was 52.6 +/- 8.7 (range, 33 to 78). The mean grade level was 11.1 +/- 1.67 (range, 6 to 14) using the Flesch-Kincaid Formula and 14.1 +/- 1.8 (range, 8 to 17) using the Gunning Fog Index. Readability at or below an eighth-grade level was found in 6% of the consent forms using the Flesch-Kincaid Formula and in 1% using the Gunning Fog Index. Readability was similar for consent forms that described institutional, cooperative group, and phase I, II, and III protocols. CONCLUSION Consent forms from clinical oncology protocols are written at a level that is difficult for most patients to read, despite national, cooperative group, institutional, and departmental review. The consent process, which is crucial to clinical research, should be strengthened by improving the readability of the consent forms.
Antimicrobial therapy for pulmonary pathogenic colonisation and infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: R. Cantón, N. Cobos, J. de Gracia, F. Baquero, J. Honorato, S. Gartner, A. Alvarez, A. Salcedo, A. Oliver, E. García-Quetglas
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2005)
Twenty Years of Phase III Trials for Patients With Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Perceptible Progress
Authors: John P. Chute, Timothy Chen, Ellen Feigal, Richard Simon, Bruce E. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: All cooperative group studies performed in North America for patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were evaluated to determine the pattern of the clinical trials and the outcome of patients over the past 20 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Phase III trials for patients with extensive-stage SCLC were identified through a search of the National Cancer Institute Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program database from 1972 to 1993. Patients with extensive-stage SCLC treated during a similar time interval listed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were also examined. Trends were tested in the number of trials over time, the number and sex of patients entered onto the trials, and the survival time of patients treated over time. RESULTS: Twenty-one phase III trials for patients with extensive-stage SCLC were initiated between 1972 and1990. The median of the median survival times of patients treated on the control arms of the phase III trials initiated between 1972 and 1981 was 7.0 months; for those patients enrolled onto control arms between 1982 and 1990, the median survival time was 8.9 months (P = .001). Analysis of the SEER database of patients with extensive-stage SCLC over the same time period shows a similar 2-month prolongation in median survival time. CONCLUSION: Analysis of 21 phase III trials initiated in North America and the SEER database from 1972 to 1994 demonstrates that there has been a modest improvement in the survival time of patients with extensive-stage SCLC.
Meningeal Carcinomatosis in Lung Cancer
Authors: Pasi A. Jänne, Milos J. Janicek, Felix Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.15.2927 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 10920142 Meningeal Carcinomatosis in Lung Cancer Pasi A. JännexPasi A. JänneSearch for articles by this author , Milos J. JanicekxMilos J. JanicekSearch for articles by this author , Felix BrownxFelix BrownSearch for articles by this author Show More Departments of Adult Oncology, Medicine, Radiology, and Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.15.2927 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
What determines the level of COPD care in a patient-doctor encounter? A qualitative study in primary care
Authors: Hanna Sandelowsky, Sonja Modin, Ingvar Krakau, Bjorn Stallberg, Anna Nager
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Studies show evidence of vast under-diagnosis and poor adherence to COPD guidelines in primary care in Sweden.   Aim:  To identify factors that explain the process in patient-doctor encounter determining primary care physicians´ (PCPs´) level of activity in further COPD care.   Method:  Grounded theory method. Data were collected in 2013-2014 through semi-structured individual (4) and focus group (10) interviews including in all 54 PCPs in Stockholm County, Sweden.   Results:  PCPs experienced they typically met patients with COPD at short urgent primary care appointments or planned, time-limited check-ups of patients with multiple morbidities, including COPD. PCP9s consultation strategy was central for the outcome: whether a holistic or disease-oriented approach was used, and whether the patient9s agenda or the PCP9s medical assessment dictated the terms of the consultation. In addition, PCPs9 ways of coping with time pressure and complexity of multiple morbidities was important. Activity in further COPD care was also influenced by PCPs9 expectations of the patients´ adherence to treatment, PCPs9 attitudes towards smoking and whether COPD was considered a self-inflected disease. Important patient-related factors were the clinical severity of COPD, if the COPD diagnosis was previously known, and the level of patient9s motivation for COPD care.   Conclusions:  In a primary care patient-doctor encounter, the PCP9s consulting strategy, attitudes towards COPD and coping with complexity of multiple morbidities together with severity of the patient9s COPD and patient9s motivation were the main factors determining the actions taken by the PCP in further COPD care.
Abstract 14397: Myocardial Fibrosis Identified by Cardiac MRI and the Associated Cardio-Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Sanjay Dandamudi, James Glockner, Joshua Slusser, David O Hodge, Horng H Chen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Clinically, the association between renal dysfunction and cardiac remodeling has been demonstrated by evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. The proposed ...
Fortnightly Review: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
Authors: E. Paice
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy indicates the syndrome of a painful, swollen, discoloured, abnormally sensi- tive, and useless extremity, usually developing after trauma, and first described as a complication of gunshot wounds in the American Civil War.'Even after 130 years, we still cannot agree what to call it, do not understand what causes it, and do not know how best to treat it.