tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal response during forced vital capacity maneuvers in normal adult humans.
Authors: S T Kuna, C R Vanoye
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Previous investigators have reported that transient forced expiration is accompanied by abduction of the vocal cords. To further investigate the laryngeal response during voluntary forced vital capacity maneuvers, intramuscular electromyographic recordings were obtained in 25 normal adult humans from three intrinsic laryngeal muscles: the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), a vocal cord abductor, and the thyroarytenoid (TA) and arytenoideus (AR), both vocal cord adductors. All three muscles exhibited sustained activation throughout most of forced expiration from total lung capacity. Forced inspiration from residual volume was associated with a further increase in PCA activity and a marked decrease in adductor muscle activity. To determine the net effect of these electromyographic changes on vocal cord position, simultaneous fiberoptic recordings of vocal cord movement were obtained in five of the subjects. The angle formed by the vocal cords at the anterior commissure was used to assess glottic aperture size. Glottic angle progressively decreased from peak expiratory flow to the end of forced expiration. The angle was 56 +/- 13 degrees (SD) at peak expiratory flow, 34 +/- 4 degrees after forced expiration of 90% of the vital capacity, and 7 +/- 7 degrees at end-expiration. The results indicate that forced expiration is associated with marked activation of not only the PCA but also laryngeal adductor muscles. During forced expiration, the glottis does not decrease below its size during quiet breathing until exhalation of about 75% of forced vital capacity.
P46 Supported self-management for patients with moderate to severe COPD at or shortly after discharge from hospital: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: RE Jordan, S Majothi, NR Heneghan, A Turner, D Moore, D O'Brien, S Jowett, S Singh, P Adab, D Fitzmaurice, S Bayliss, R Riley, M Price, J Ayres, CB Jolly
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Guidelines recommend that COPD patients admitted to hospital with an exacerbation should be assessed and considered for supported self-management interventions although it is not known how effective or cost-effective such an intervention would be when instigated during admission or shortly after discharge. We conducted a systematic review and evidence synthesis to answer this question. <h3>Methods</h3> Key databases eg MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, were searched up to May 2012 for studies of any design where patients admitted with an acute exacerbation of COPD were included in a supported self-management intervention (or important components) within 6 weeks of discharge. Citation lists were checked and authors of relevant conference abstracts since 2010 were contacted. There were no language restrictions. Data were extracted and risk of bias assessed independently by 2 reviewers. <h3>Results</h3> Of over 16000 initial search hits, 14 papers have been provisionally included which report 8 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 1 controlled clinical trial and 4 pre-post studies/arms. Study quality was variable and interventions heterogeneous. Of the RCTs, 4 described multi-component self-management packages, 1 was a cluster RCT providing support to both nursing home staff and patients, 1 was a home-based exercise trial and 2 were integrated care/case management packages with significant self-management components. RCT follow-up ranged from 3–12 months with a total of 1113 (range 33–464) patients enrolled. Results from n = 4 RCTs indicate a reduction in re-admissions of borderline significance (OR 0.65 (95% CI 0.42, 1.00)) but no significant effect on mortality (OR 1.22 (95% CI 0.79, 1.86)). Effect on overall quality of life was heterogeneous with large loss-to-follow-up. There were no cost-effectiveness studies. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is a paucity of good quality large RCTs of supported self-management delivered at discharge. Interventions are disparate and few studies report significant benefits in important outcomes. However, effect sizes for reduction in admissions are consistent with published evidence of self-management interventions delivered whilst patients are stable.
Phenformin, Lactic Acidosis, and Dialysis
Authors: SAM HULL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1978Phenformin, Lactic Acidosis, and DialysisSAM HULL, M.D.SAM HULL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-3-432_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Two articles in the November 1977 issue presented conflicting advice on whether dialysis is an effective means of removing phenformin when its use is associated with lactic acidosis. Bennett, Plamp, and Porter (1) say, "Treatment with dialysis may both correct the metabolic acidosis and effect phenformin removal (molecular weight, 206)." Misbin (2) points out that phenformin is poorly dialyzable: ". . . 1 to 2 mg/h for hemodialysis and about 0.05 mg/h for peritoneal dialysis." Although both authors agree that dialysis will remove the excess lactic acid, there appears to be some debate about the efficacy of...References1. BENNETTPLAMPPORTER WCG: Drug-related syndromes in clinical nephrology. Ann Intern Med 87:582-590, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. MISBIN R: Phenformin-associated lactic acidosis: pathogenesis and treatment. Ann Intern Med 87:591-595, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar1. ALKALAYKHEMANIWAGNER DLW: Pharmacokinetics of phenformin in man. J Clin Pharmacol 15:446-448, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WICKSTEWARTSERIF ACG: Tissue distribution of l4C-labeled beta-phenethyl-biguanide. Diabetes 9:163-166, 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MISBIN R: Phenformin-associated lactic acidosis: pathogenesis and treatment. Ann Intern Med 87:591-595, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dept. of Medicine Letterman Army Institute of Research Presidio of San Francisco, CA 94925 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1978Volume 88, Issue 3Page: 432-432KeywordsAcidosisLactic acidLactic acidosisMedical dialysisPeritoneal dialysis Issue Published: 1 March 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Charity highlights “forgotten crises”
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The plight of people struggling to survive violence, forced displacement, and disease in many parts of the world often goes largely unreported, says the charity Medecins Sans Frontieres, which has produced the 2007 version of its annual “top 10” list of the most underreported humanitarian crises.

The 2007 list highlights the conditions currently faced by people living through “forgotten crises” in eight countries: Zimbabwe, Burma (also known as Myanmar), Somalia, Sri Lanka, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Colombia, Chechnya, and the Central African Republic. It also focuses on the continuing toll of two “medical catastrophes”: the spread of drug resistant tuberculosis and the failure to overcome malnutrition among children.

Jean-Michel …
Introduction of an N-Glycan Sequon Into HEXA Enhances Human β-Hexosaminidase Cellular Uptake in a Model of Sandhoff Disease
Authors: Kazuhiko Matsuoka, Daisuke Tsuji, Sei-ichi Aikawa, Fumiko Matsuzawa, Hitoshi Sakuraba, Kohji Itoh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Human lysosomal beta-hexosaminidase A is a heterodimer composed of alpha- and beta-subunits encoded by HEXA and HEXB, respectively. We genetically introduced an additional N-glycosylation sequon into HEXA, which caused amino acid substitutions (S51 to N and A53 to T) at homologous positions to N84 and T86 in the beta-subunit. The mutant HexA (NgHexA) obtained from a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line co-expressing the mutated HEXA and wild-type HEXB complementary DNAs was demonstrated to contain an additional mannose-6-phosphate (M6P)-type-N-glycan. NgHexA was more efficiently taken up than the wild-type HexA and delivered to lysosomes, where it degraded accumulated substrates including GM2 ganglioside (GM2) when administered to cultured fibroblasts derived from a Sandhoff disease (SD) patient. On intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of NgHexA to SD model mice, NgHexA more efficiently restored the HexA activity and reduced the GM2 and GA2 (asialoGM2) accumulated in neural cells of the brain parenchyma than the wild-type HexA. These findings indicate that i.c.v. administration of the modified human HexA with an additional M6P-type N-glycan is applicable for enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) involving an M6P-receptor as a molecular target for HexA deficiencies including Tay-Sachs disease and SD.
Adjunctive Use of a Surface-Active Agent in Extracorporeal Circulation
Authors: YOSHIMASA MIYAUCHI, TAKAYUKI INOUE, BRUCE C. PATON
Journal: Circulation (1966)

1. A nonionic surfactant, Pluronic F68, was used in prolonged experimental and clinical extracorporeal circulation, and data are presented which support the efficacy of the use of this agent. 2. Hemolysis and fat embolism resulting from prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass with a bubble oxygenator were greatly reduced by use of the surfactant. 3. The surfactant markedly prevented and improved the intravascular "sludging." 4. The surfactant also reduced the fibrin deposition on the filter of the oxygenator. 5. The function of the pump oxygenator was not affected. 6. No adverse physiological effects resulting from the Pluronic were discovered. It may, therefore, have widespread application in extracorporeal circulation.
Radionuclide Cardioangiography as an Adjunct to Acute Myocardial Infarct Scintigraphy
Authors: MICHAEL K. KAN, G BRUCE HOPKINS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

99mTc-pertechnetate cardioangiograms were performed in conjunction with precordial 99mTc-pyrophosphate scintigrams in 75 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarcts. The cardioangiograms revealed structural or hemodynamic abnormalities in 23 patients that were not evident on the 99mTc-pyrophosphate images. In eight cases the results were unexpected prior to scintigraphy. Cardioangiograms also proved helpful in localizing the site of infarction and in ruling out false-positive results in five patients. The role of radionuclide cardioangiography as an adjunct to acute infarct scintigraphy warrants further investigation.
The Lasker Awards: Celebrating Scientific Discovery
Authors: Barry J Marshall
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Beriberi Heart in Iowa Veterans
Authors: CHARLES H. GUTENKAUF
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Beriberi heart disease does not constitute a rigid syndrome because the severity of cardiac failure, associated peripheral neuritis, other concomitant signs and symptoms, and response to treatment are variable. Five patients with peripheral neuritis, edema and evidence of cardiac failure are presented. All improved after treatment, and, in two instances, there was marked reduction in cardiac size. Beriberi was thought to be the most likely diagnosis in each case, since there was no evidence of other etiology.
Reshaping AAV vectors for liver gene therapy
Authors: Florian Kühnel, Stefan Kubicka
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Grimm D, Lee JS, Wang L, Desai T, Akache B, Storm TA, Kay MA. In vitro and in vivo gene therapy vector evolution via multispecies interbreeding and retargeting of adeno-associated viruses. J Virol 2008;82:5887-5911. (Reprinted with permission.) Abstract Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes differ broadly in transduction efficacies and tissue tropisms and thus hold enormous potential as vectors for human gene therapy. In reality, however, their use in patients is restricted by prevalent anti-AAV immunity or by their inadequate performance in specific targets, exemplified by the AAV type 2 (AAV-2) prototype in the liver. Here, we attempted to merge desirable qualities of multiple natural AAV isolates by an adapted DNA family shuffling technology to create a complex library of hybrid capsids from eight different wild-type viruses. Selection on primary or transformed human hepatocytes yielded pools of hybrids from five of the starting serotypes: 2, 4, 5, 8, and 9. More stringent selection with pooled human antisera (intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIG]) then led to the selection of a single type 2/type 8/type 9 chimera, AAV-DJ, distinguished from its closest natural relative (AAV-2) by 60 capsid amino acids. Recombinant AAV-DJ vectors outperformed eight standard AAV serotypes in culture and greatly surpassed AAV-2 in livers of naïve and IVIG-immunized mice. A heparin binding domain in AAV-DJ was found to limit biodistribution to the liver (and a few other tissues) and to affect vector dose response and antibody neutralization. Moreover, we report the first successful in vivo biopanning of AAV capsids by using a new AAV-DJ–derived viral peptide display library. Two peptides enriched after serial passaging in mouse lungs mediated the retargeting of AAV-DJ vectors to distinct alveolar cells. Our study validates DNA family shuffling and viral peptide display as two powerful and compatible approaches to the molecular evolution of novel AAV vectors for human gene therapy applications.
Abstract CT304: Anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) monoclonal antibody J591 plus low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) in patients with recurrent prostate cancer (PC)
Authors: Yulian Khagi, Gurveen Kaur, Paul Christos, Naveed H. Akhtar, David M. Nanus, Neil H. Bander, Scott T. Tagawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose J591 is a deimmunized monoclonal antibody that recognizes the extracellular domain of prostate specific membrane antigen and was engineered to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Low dose IL-2 may enhance ADCC by the clonal expansion of natural killer (NK) cells. Immunotherapy may result in survival benefits independent of immediate response. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of J591 plus low-dose IL-2 in men with recurrent PC. Experimental Design Men with non-castrate PSA relapse or progressive metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) received low-dose subcutaneous IL-2 (1.2 x 106 IU/m2/day) daily for 8 weeks with weekly intravenous infusions of J591 (25 mg/m2) on weeks 4-6 (considered 1 cycle). A maximum of 3 cycles of therapy was delivered. Flow cytometry was used to assess NK cell fraction and PSA changes and survival were assessed. Results Seventeen men were treated between 2001-03 with at least 1 cycle (11 PSA relapse, 6 mCRPC) with 1 mCRPC patient invaluable for PSA response due to a protocol violation (9 received 2 cycles, 2 received 3 cycles). Toxicity was mild, mainly limited to fatigue and injection site reactions. PSA declined following therapy in 7 of 16 evaluable men (2 of 5 mCRPC). Flow cytometry revealed an average increase in absolute NK cell count of 107% at week 4 and 117% at the end of cycle 1. NK cell percent change had an inverse relationship with PSA (2-tailed Pearson correlation coefficient r = -0.46; P= 0.13). The actual vs. predicted survival for 5 of the 6 men with mCRPC disease was greater than predicted by the Halabi nomogram (Spearman correlation analysis r=0.29; P=0.57, i.e. nomogram did not predict survival). Conclusions The combination of J591 with low-dose IL-2 was well tolerated in patients with biochemical relapse and mCRPC. In addition, combination therapy expanded NK cell fraction which correlated with PSA decline. Interestingly, long term follow up reveals that 83% of the mCRPC group lived significantly longer than predicted, mostly in an era prior to the approval of life-prolonging therapy. These data support further testing of the hypothesis that PSMA-directed immunotherapy influences outcome in men with advanced PC. Citation Format: Yulian Khagi, Gurveen Kaur, Paul Christos, Naveed H. Akhtar, David M. Nanus, Neil H. Bander, Scott T. Tagawa. Anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) monoclonal antibody J591 plus low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) in patients with recurrent prostate cancer (PC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr CT304. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-CT304
Health in the developing world. G7 summit fails Africa.
Authors: D E Logie
Journal: BMJ (1993)

injected temazepam tablets.Since temazepam is such a popular drug of misuse, I fear that injection of tablets will become more commonplace as liquid and gel filled capsules become harder to obtain.Injecting tablets is likely to be much more dangerous than injecting the liquid from capsules; injecting gel filled capsules is known to be dangerous.2Probably the only way to prevent misuse of temazepam is not to prescribe it in any formulation.
Signal transduction mechanisms involved in hormonal Ca2+ fluxes.
Authors: J R Williamson, J R Monck
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

This article reviews literature up to mid-1988 covering recent developments pertaining to agonist-induced Ca2+ signaling in various cell types. A large amount of experimental evidence supports a mechanism involving specific guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) as transducing factors between occupancy of a wide variety of receptors by many different agonists and activation of polyphosphoinositide specific phospholipase C enzymes. Although many different G-proteins and phospholipase C enzymes have been purified and cloned, successful reconstitution of the components has not been achieved. Hence, many questions concerning the specificity of coupling between particular receptors to a particular G-protein and phospholipase C subtype remain unresolved. Phospholipase C subtypes isolated from the membrane and soluble fractions of the cell are directly activated by Ca2+ and, preferentially, hydrolyse phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP). The role of the G-protein is to stimulate inositol lipid breakdown at free Ca2+ concentrations (0.1-0.2 microM) typical of unstimulated cells. Overwhelming evidence supports the concept that Ins 1,4,5-P3, the product of PIP2 hydrolysis, is responsible for the initial agonist-induced Ca2+ transient by mobilization of Ca2+ from a specialized intracellular store. An Ins 1,4,5-P3 receptor has been purified that may correspond to the postulated Ins 1,4,5-P3 gated Ca2+ channel. Despite a growing understanding of the complexities of the metabolism of Ins 1,4,5-P3 and a successful purification of many enzymes involved, including the ATP-dependent 3-kinase that converts Ins 1,4,5-P3 to Ins 1,3,4,5-P4, the role of Ins 1,3,4,5-P4 as a putative second messenger remains enigmatic. Multiple forms of protein kinase C have been described and the role is well established for a 1,2-diacylglycerol, the second product of PIP2 hydrolysis, as its physiological activator. Although protein kinase C has been shown to phosphorylate and modulate the activity of several proteins involved in the Ca2+ signaling pathway and Ca2+ transport, the physiological significance of the protein kinase C in agonist-stimulated cell function requires further elucidation. The extension of measurements of hormone-induced Ca2+ changes to single cells has shown that the occurrence of Ca2+ oscillations is a common phenomena. Elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms causing this oscillatory response and its physiological significance represents an important challenge for future studies.
Levels of amino acids and related compounds in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of asthmatic patients.
Authors: J M Hofford, L Milakofsky, S Pell, J E Fish, S P Peters, M Pollice, W H Vogel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The constituents of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid have been shown to reflect the presence and possible etiology of several pulmonary diseases. Presently, although research studies have reported the concentrations of cytokines and compounds such as major basic protein in BAL fluids, only the cellular elements, total protein, albumin, and immunoglobulins have been well defined. We hypothesize that amino acids and related amino compounds, well known participants in physiologic and biochemical processes, are present in BAL fluid and may have involvement in asthma. Our objective was to extend knowledge of the total chemical profile and clinical value of BAL fluids in humans by measuring these amino compounds in normal control subjects and asthmatic patients. Analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed the presence of 25 compounds. A few compounds in control subjects and patients were found to have values > 1.0 nmol/ml, while the majority were present in comparatively low concentrations < 1.0 nmol/ml. Asparagine, phosphoethanolamine, and taurine were significantly increased in the asthmatic patients. We conclude that the present profile of amino acids and related amino compounds in BAL fluid serves as a potential diagnostic tool in the study of various pulmonary disorders. The significance of increased asparagine, phosphoethanolamine, and taurine in the asthmatic patients is discussed and deserves further study.
A randomized study of clofarabine versus clofarabine plus low-dose cytarabine as front-line therapy for patients aged 60 years and older with acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Stefan Faderl, Farhad Ravandi, Xuelin Huang, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Zeev Estrov, Gautam Borthakur, Srdan Verstovsek, Deborah A. Thomas, Monica Kwari, Hagop M. Kantarjian
Journal: Blood (2008)
Biomedical Notation Systems
Authors: Scott N. Swisher
Journal: JAMA (1963)

BIOLOGICAL and medical investigators are much concerned with problems of  retrieval in common with the scientific community as a whole. The information explosion of the postwar years has caught them in a particularly ill-prepared condition in that most biomedical investigators act as their own literature researchers. As we have approached, and then exceeded, the limits of our ability to cope as individuals, cooperative efforts have been established and the feeling grows that automation will, in some almost magical way, supply the ultimate tool to deal with the problem. The slow and difficult progress that has been made in development of computer-based  control systems for biology and medicine should indicate the magnitude of the problem already present and should warn against creating additional and avoidable difficulties.  Information retrieval by any method and the value of what is retrieved depend directly upon the clarity, completeness, and lack of ambiguity of