tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cell Kinetics After Vincristine Treatment of C3H/He Spontaneous Mammary Tumors: I mplications for Therapy2
Authors: Paul G. Braunschweiger, Lewis M. Schiffer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Cell kinetics in spontaneous mammary tumors in inbred C3H/HeJ mice was studied by In vitro methods at various intervals after treatment with 2.0 mg vincristine (VCR)/kg. Following acute doses, tumor volumes decreased approximately 30%, with tumor regrowth evident on day 4. In addition, the mitotic index (MI) was Increased 9.6-fold at 22 hours after treatment, whereas both the [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) labeling index (LI) and the primer-dependent DNA polymerase labeling Index (POPI) were subnormal. Subsequent increases in both the [3H]TdR LI and POPI, noted at 36 and 60 hours, suggested not only synchronization but also recruitment of noncycling cells. The temporal relationship between changes in the MI and the [3H]TdR LI suggested that cell cycle times (Tc's) in the perturbed tumors were similar to Tc's determined in vitro for unperturbed tumors. The DNA synthesis time was subnormal at 48 hours; however, by 84 hours after VCR administration, normal durations were reestablished. in studies designed to exploit the cell kinetic changes after VCR treatment, acute doses of 170 mg cyclophosphamide (CV)/kg administered at 60 hours after VCR resulted in variable but often dramatic tumor volume regression, while chronic CV (65 mg/kg in each injection—a total of 3 injections with 1 injection being given every 12 hr) during the interval of increased cell proliferation resulted in more uniform but less profound tumor responses. High doses of CV (300 mg/kg) at 60 hours after VCR administration resulted in greater tumor regression than that achieved with CV treatment alone.
How to optimize hepatitis C virus treatment impact on life years saved in resource‐constrained countries
Authors: Dorothée Obach, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Gamal Esmat, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Sahar Dewedar, Nicolas Durier, Alain Attia, Wagida A. Anwar, Anthony Cousien, Pisit Tangkijvanich, Serge Paul Eholié, Wahid Doss, Aya Mostafa, Arnaud Fontanet, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Sylvie Deuffic‐Burban
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

In resource‐constrained countries where the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease is usually high, it is important to know which population should be treated first in order to increase treatment effectiveness. The aim was to estimate the effectiveness of different HCV treatment eligibility scenarios in three different countries. Using a Markov model, we estimated the number of life‐years saved (LYS) with different treatment eligibility scenarios according to fibrosis stage (F1‐F4 or F3‐4), compared to base case (F2‐F4), at a constant treatment rate, of patients between 18 and 60 years of age, at stages F0/F1 to F4, without liver complications or coinfections, chronically infected by HCV, and treated with pegylated interferon (IFN)/ribavirin or more‐efficacious therapies (i.e. IFN free). We conducted the analysis in Egypt (prevalence = 14.7%; 45,000 patients treated/year), Thailand (prevalence = 2.2%; 1,000 patients treated/year), and Côte d'Ivoire (prevalence = 3%; 150 patients treated/year). In Egypt, treating F1 patients in addition to ≥F2 patients (SE1 vs. SE0) decreased LYS by 3.9%. Focusing treatment only on F3‐F4 patients increased LYS by 6.7% (SE2 vs. SE0). In Thailand and Côte d'Ivoire, focusing treatment only on F3‐F4 patients increased LYS by 15.3% and 11.0%, respectively, compared to treating patients ≥F2 (ST0 and SC0, respectively). Treatment only for patients at stages F3‐F4 with IFN‐free therapies would increase LYS by 16.7% versus SE0 in Egypt, 22.0% versus ST0 in Thailand, and 13.1% versus SC0 in Côte d'Ivoire. In this study, we did not take into account the yearly new infections and the impact of treatment on HCV transmission. Conclusion : Our model‐based analysis demonstrates that prioritizing treatment in F3‐F4 patients in resource‐constrained countries is the most effective scenario in terms of LYS, regardless of treatment considered. (H epatology 2015;62:31‐39)
Effect of positive expiratory pressure mask physiotherapy (PEP) versus forced expiration technique (FET/PD) on regional lung clearance in chronic bronchitics
Authors: M van Hengstum, J Festen, C Beurskens, M Hankel, F Beekman, F Corstens
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

On theoretical grounds it is assumed that positive expiratory pressure mask physiotherapy (PEP) as a means of promoting mucus clearance is especially effective in the more distal airways. In a randomized cross-over trial including a control measurement the effect of PEP and of the forced expiration technique combined with postural drainage (FET/PD) on regional lung clearance was evaluated in seven patients with chronic bronchitis and abundant sputum production (mean 32 g.day-1). PEP consisted of positive expiratory pressure mask breathing interspersed with breathing exercises, forced expiration manoeuvres (huffing) and, if necessary, coughing. FET consisted of breathing exercises, huffing and also, if necessary, coughing. FET was combined with PD. Following inhalation of a radio-aerosol regional lung clearance was estimated by means of gamma camera imaging. The results after PEP appeared to be not significantly different from control. The mean clearance in all three lung zones (peripheral, intermediate and inner) was largest after FET/PD as compared with PEP and control. Statistical significance (p less than 0.02) was reached only for clearance in the inner region. It is concluded that PEP has no demonstrable effect on regional lung clearance in these patients.
Morphologic Demonstration of Recurrent Tumor Following X Irradiation. Histologic Study of Irradiated Murine Chondrosarcoma Transplants
Authors: Richard L. Swarm, Jose N. Correa, J. Robert Andrews, Eliza Miller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Journal Article Morphologic Demonstration of Recurrent Tumor Following X Irradiation. Histologic Study of Irradiated Murine Chondrosarcoma Transplants Get access Richard L. Swarm, Richard L. Swarm National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jose N. Correa, Jose N. Correa National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Robert Andrews, J. Robert Andrews National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eliza Miller Eliza Miller National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 33, Issue 4, October 1964, Pages 657–672, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/33.4.657 Published: 01 October 1964 Article history Received: 15 April 1964 Published: 01 October 1964
Antibody-dependent Mononuclear Cell-mediated Antimeningococcal Activity
Authors: George H. Lowell, Lynette F. Smith, J. McLeod Griffiss, Brenda L. Brandt, Richard P. MacDermott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

We have compared the abilities of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgM, and IgA to induce either mononuclear cell-mediated (complement-independent) or complement-mediated (cell-free) antibacterial activity against group C meningococci. In each of these assays, immunoglobulins purified from the sera of individuals immunized with meningococcal group C polysaccharide were compared with those purified from sera of patients convalescing from disseminated meningococcal disease. Our data support three conclusions. First, although nonbactericidal in cooperation with complement, IgA can induce cell-mediated antibacterial activity as well as IgG. Second, the amount of IgG required to induce cell-mediated antibacterial activity is similar to the amount required for complement-mediated killing. Third, although the amount of either postimmunization or convalescent IgM required to induce complement-mediated killing is 16- to 20-fold less than the amount of respective IgG required, IgM is inferior to IgG in its ability to induce cell-mediated antibacterial activity because in the cell-mediated system (a) postimmunization IgM is ineffective; (b) the amount of convalescent IgM required for minimal activity is eightfold more than the amount of convalescent IgG required; and (c) the maximal antibacterial index induced by convalescent IgM is 50% less than that which can be induced by IgG. These data suggest that IgG and IgA may play a greater role than IgM in mononuclear cell-mediated antibacterial host immune defense.
Role of Postchemotherapy Adjunctive Surgery in the Management of Patients With Nonseminoma Arising From the Mediastinum
Authors: Jacqueline Vuky, Manjit Bains, Jennifer Bacik, Geralyn Higgins, Dean F. Bajorin, Madhu Mazumdar, George J. Bosl, Robert J. Motzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of postchemotherapy surgery in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors arising from the anterior mediastinum. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients with nonseminoma arising from a mediastinal primary site were treated on a clinical trial at our center, and they underwent postchemotherapy surgery. The results of postchemotherapy surgical resection, frequency of viable tumor found during postchemotherapy surgery, and prognostic factors for survival were assessed. RESULTS: Complete resection of all gross residual disease was achieved in 27 patients (84%). Histologic analysis of resected residua postchemotherapy revealed viable tumor in 66%, teratoma in 22%, and necrosis in 12% of the specimens. Viable tumor included embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac carcinoma, seminoma, and teratoma with malignant transformation to nongerm cell histology (eg, sarcoma). Clinical characteristics associated with a shorter survival after surgery included the presence of viable tumor in a resected specimen (P = .003) and more than one site resected during surgery (P = .06). There were no statistically significant differences in survival for patients who underwent surgical resection with normal markers compared with patients with elevated serum tumor markers (P = .33). A trend toward shorter survival was found in patients with increasing tumor markers before surgery compared with patients with normal and declining serum tumor markers (P = .09). CONCLUSION: Surgical resection of residual mass after chemotherapy plays an integral role in the management of patients with primary mediastinal nonseminoma. Teratoma and viable tumor were found in the majority of resected residua after chemotherapy. Because patients who undergo conventional salvage chemotherapy programs rarely achieve long-term disease-free status, selected patients with elevated markers after chemotherapy are considered candidates for surgical resection.
A comparison of two short intensive adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in operable osteosarcoma of limbs in children and young adults: the first study of the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup.
Authors: V H Bramwell, M Burgers, R Sneath, R Souhami, A T van Oosterom, P A Voûte, J Rouesse, D Spooner, A W Craft, R Somers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE A randomized pilot study was undertaken to assess the acute and chronic toxicities of two short intensive chemotherapy regimens, and to evaluate the feasibility of conservative surgery in this setting. Additional aims were to determine the clinical and radiologic response and the degree of histologic necrosis after chemotherapy. With extension of the study, eventual accrual was sufficient to compare disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between July 1983 and December 1986, the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup (EOI) entered 198 eligible patients with classic high-grade extremity osteosarcoma onto a randomized trial that compared doxorubicin (DOX) 25 mg/m2/d times three, intravenous (IV) bolus plus cisplatin (CDDP) 100 mg/m2, 24 hour infusion, every 3 weeks times six; the same combination was preceded 10 days earlier by high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) 8 g/m2, 6-hour infusion, every 4.5 weeks times four. In the majority of patients (179), chemotherapy was commenced after biopsy; definitive surgery was scheduled at 9 weeks in both groups. RESULTS Toxicities for both regimens did not differ substantially from those that occurred in other trials of adjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. Local recurrence (9%) and surgical complications (18%) after conservative surgery were acceptable. With a median follow-up of 53 months, DFS at 5 years is superior (P = .02) for DOX/CDDP, 57% versus 41%, although OS, 64% versus 50%, is not different significantly (P = .10). In a subset of 66 patients for whom pathologic data on the resected specimen were available, DFS (P = .003) and OS (P = .008) were better for those who demonstrated &gt; or = 90% necrosis. CONCLUSION A brief intensive chemotherapy regimen of DOX/CDDP has produced excellent long-term results, which are similar to those that have been achieved in cooperative group studies of longer, more complex multiagent chemotherapy, and provide the basis for a direct comparison in the next EOI study.
Polymer Surface Interacts with Calcium in Aqueous Media to Induce Stem Cell Assembly
Authors: Kun‐Che Hung, Shan‐hui Hsu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Bioinspired surface with functional group rearrangement abilities are highly desirable for designing functional materials. Calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) is a pivotal life element and the ion transport is tightly regulated through calcium channels. It is demonstrated here that Ca 2+ can be transported by polymer surface to induce cell assembly. A series of polyurethane materials is synthesized with different abilities to rearrange the surface functional groups in response to aqueous environment. It is observed that surface recruitment of carboxyl and amino groups from the bulk material can interact with Ca 2+ and facilitate its translocation from aqueous media into cells. The surface rearrangement of functional group triggers the calcium trafficking and turns on signals involving cell merging and assembly. This observation provides an insight on adjusting material‐calcium interaction to design nature‐inspired smart interfaces to induce cell organization and tissue regeneration.
USA300 abroad: global spread of a virulent strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: G.R. Nimmo
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)

The epidemic of USA300-0114 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the USA has been remarkable for its virulence and for its ability to cause infections in both the community and healthcare settings. Although it has mainly been associated with skin and soft tissue infections, particularly furunculosis, it has also caused severe life-threatening conditions such as necrotizing pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis. This strain or a closely related Latin American variant has now spread to multiple countries on five continents, where associated clinical and epidemiological features have been in keeping with those seen in the USA. Furthermore, it has become the dominant community-associated MRSA strain in five countries. It is now a major international epidemic strain, but whether it will supplant established community-associated strains in other countries remains to be seen.
Implementing asthma self-management – A systematic review of implementation studies
Authors: Hilary Pinnock, Eleni Epiphaniou, Hannah Parke, Gemma Parke, Stephanie Taylor
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim: Asthma self-management is widely recommended by guidelines but poorly implemented. We undertook a systematic review of phase IV implementation studies of asthma self-management support interventions to inform implementation in real-life settings.

Methods: We searched 7 electronic databases, and performed snowball and manual searches. We assessed all eligible papers for quality, extracted and synthesised data on process and clinical outcomes (e.g. asthma symptoms, use of health services).

Results: 14 studies were included in the review. Complex whole systems interventions which addressed patient education, professional training and facilitated a supportive organisation were associated with improved asthma control. Individually, however, these core components were insufficient to reliably improve clinical outcomes. Key facilitators were commitment of the healthcare system to supporting self-management, self-management skills training for professionals, patient education programmes supported by regular reviews, good communication within multidisciplinary teams and on-going evaluation of implementation effectiveness.

Conclusion: A supportive organisational culture underpins and enables integration of self-management principles into routine clinical care, such that the process and clinical impact of patient/professional interventions are realised.

Funding: NIHR HS&DR programme (project number 11/1014/04).

The views and opinions expressed therein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the HS&DR programme, NIHR, NHS or the Department of Health.
Network analysis of gene essentiality in functional genomics experiments
Authors: Peng Jiang, Hongfang Wang, Wei Li, Chongzhi Zang, Bo Li, Yinling J. Wong, Cliff Meyer, Jun S. Liu, Jon C. Aster, X. Shirley Liu
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

Many genomic techniques have been developed to study gene essentiality genome-wide, such as CRISPR and shRNA screens. Our analyses of public CRISPR screens suggest protein interaction networks, when integrated with gene expression or histone marks, are highly predictive of gene essentiality. Meanwhile, the quality of CRISPR and shRNA screen results can be significantly enhanced through network neighbor information. We also found network neighbor information to be very informative on prioritizing ChIP-seq target genes and survival indicator genes from tumor profiling. Thus, our study provides a general method for gene essentiality analysis in functional genomic experiments ( http://nest.dfci.harvard.edu ).
Smoking cessation: A problem for older adults?
Authors: Manuela Stoleru, Stefan Mihaicuta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction   The prevalence of tobacco smoking is high in both men and women and touch all ages. Cigarette smoking poses substantial health risks at any age, but is particularly alarming for older smokers with all various illness.   Objective   To compare the efficacy of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy among older and younger smokers and to evaluate whether the age represent an obstacle to quit smoking.   Method    We evaluate 216 male persons interested to stop smoking in an national romanian program from 01.07.2008 to 31 .12.2009. The volunteers were grouped about age in three:   60.Terms assessed were: number of cigarettes, Fagerstrom test, type of treatment, the level of CO expire.The therapies used include nicotine replacement, bupropion and varenicline for a maximum 12 weeks.   Results   For the group > 60 it was a highest number of packs of cigarettes per year 46.31 +/-21.8 (95 % CI 38.01 - 54.61).The nicotine dependence evalated by the Fagerstrom test is not significant statistically different in the three groups (5. 82 +/- 2, 32 SD for the group >60, 6.29 +/- 5.25 for the group 40-60 and 6.17+/- 2.01 for the last one). The results of CO expired levels sound alarming for all clusters: > 60 – CO =13.034 +/ - 5.48 SD, 40-60 age CO= 13.980 +/- 5.72 SD and for the group   60 was 34,48 % in report with group 40-59 (48 %) and group    Conclusion   The treatment for smoking cessation guide to almost similar abstinence rates in older and younger smokers.The physicians have annually a lot of opportunities to sustain their older patients to improve their health status and quality of life by quitting smoking.
Abstract 17342: Decreased Relaxation Response of Coronary Arterioles to Calcium-Activated-Potassium -Channel Activators in Diabetic patients
Authors: Jun Feng, Yuhong Liu, Arun Singh, Afshin Ehsan, Frank Sellke
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  We investigated the effect of diabetes on coronary arteriolar responses to the large conductance of calcium-activated potassium channel (BK Ca ) activator NS1619, and small/intermediate conductance of calcium-activated potassium channel (SK Ca /IK Ca )   opener NS309.   Methods and Results:  Pre-CP/CPB coronary arterioles (90 -150 micrometers in diameter) were harvested from diabetic (HbA1C > 9.0) and non-diabetic patients (HbA1C  Ca  activator NS1619 or selective SK Ca /IK Ca  activator NS309. The distribution of the BK Ca , SK Ca  and IK Ca  in the atrial microvasculature was examined by immuno-histochemistry. Our results indicate that diabetes significantly reduced the coronary arteriolar response to the BK Ca  activator NS 1619 or the SK Ca /IK Ca  activator NS309 compared to the respective responses of non-diabetic vessels (P  Ca , SK Ca  and IK Ca  in the coronary microvesels.   Conclusion:  Diabetes may be associated with inactivation of coronary smooth muscle BK Ca  channels and endothelial SK Ca /IK Ca  channels, which may contribute to arteriolar smooth muscle and endothelial dysfunction of diabetic patients.
Metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma-diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage and tumour marker determination
Authors: A Verstraeten, MC Sault, B Wallaert, P Lemonnier, B Gosselin, AB Tonnel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

We report a patient who presented with a diffuse interstitial lung disease in whom clinical and radiologic investigation led to the suspicion of lymphangitis carcinomatosa. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and revealed the presence of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) positive cells. A prostatic needle aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. This case demonstrates the value of tumour marker determination in BAL.
Diagnostic yield, clinical impact and cost aspect of EBUS-TBNA in mediastinal staging in lung cancer
Authors: Niels Claessens, Klaartje Maas, Alain Kummer, Franz Schramel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: In lung cancer minimally invasive staging of the mediastinum with endobronchial ultrasonography with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has become an important alternative to the gold standard of mediastinoscopy.  Aims: First: To determine the diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA and calculate the reduction in number of mediastinoscopies that can be achieved when this technique is used as initial modality for mediastinal staging in lung cancer. Second: Calculate the reduction in health care costs when EBUS-TBNA is used in this setting.  Methods: In a retrospective cohort study all patients in our hospital in whom EBUS-TBNA was performed for mediastinal staging in lung cancer from September 2008 until January 2011 were identified and the results of EBUS-TBNA were analysed. If metastatic tumour cells were found there was no indication for additional mediastinoscopy. Diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA and the number of mediastinoscopies that were avoided were calculated, as well as the achieved cost reduction.  Results: EBUS-TBNA was performed on 77 patients for mediastinal staging: 47 male and 30 female, average age 62.1 years (extremes 39-81). In 51% of patients (39/77) mediastinal lymph node metastasis were found and mediastinoscopy could be avoided. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were 91%, 100%, 100%, 80% and 93% respectively. The achieved cost reduction was € 321 per patient (31%).  Conclusion: Mediastinoscopy can be avoided in more that 50% of lung cancer patients when EBUS-TBNA is used as initial staging modality for mediastinal staging, leading to a significant reduction of health care costs.