tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural changes produced in rheumatoid synovial membrane by chrysotherapy.
Authors: F N Ghadially, A F Oryschak, D M Mitchell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Biopsies of rheumatoid synovial membrane before and after chrysotherapy were examined with the light and electron microscopes, and subjected to electronprobe x-ray analysis. The main change noted was the occurrence of electron-dense deposits of characteristic morphology within pre-existing lysosomes. Such deposits were also seen in other varieties of lysosomal bodies. X-ray analysis showed the presence of gold, phosphorus, osmium, and calcium in these deposits. The present study shows that gold enters the pre-existing lysosomes, supporting the concept that the beneficial effects of chrysotherapy are due to its action on the lysosome.
Glutamatergic Pathway Targeting in Melanoma: Single-Agent and Combinatorial Therapies
Authors: Hwa Jin Lee, Brian A. Wall, Janet Wangari-Talbot, Seung-Shick Shin, Stephen Rosenberg, Joseph L-K. Chan, Jin Namkoong, James S. Goydos, Suzie Chen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Melanoma is a heterogeneous disease where monotherapies are likely to fail due to variations in genomic signatures. B-RAF inhibitors have been clinically inadequate but response might be augmented with combination therapies targeting multiple signaling pathways. We investigate the preclinical efficacy of combining the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib or the mutated B-RAF inhibitor PLX4720 with riluzole, an inhibitor of glutamate release that antagonizes metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) signaling in melanoma cells.Melanoma cell lines that express GRM1 and either wild-type B-RAF or mutated B-RAF were treated with riluzole, sorafenib, PLX4720, or the combination of riluzole either with sorafenib or with PLX4720. Extracellular glutamate levels were determined by glutamate release assays. MTT assays and cell-cycle analysis show effects of the compounds on proliferation, viability, and cell-cycle profiles. Western immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining showed apoptotic markers. Consequences on mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway were assessed by Western immunoblotting. Xenograft tumor models were used to determine the efficacy of the compounds in vivo.The combination of riluzole with sorafenib exhibited enhanced antitumor activities in GRM1-expressing melanoma cells harboring either wild-type or mutated B-RAF. The combination of riluzole with PLX4720 showed lessened efficacy compared with the combination of riluzole and sorafenib in suppressing the growth of GRM1-expressing cells harboring the B-RAF(V600E) mutation.The combination of riluzole with sorafenib seems potent in suppressing tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo in GRM1-expressing melanoma cells regardless of B-RAF genotype and may be a viable therapeutic clinical combination.
Quantum dots labeling using octa-arginine peptides for imaging of adipose tissue-derived stem cells
Authors: Hiroshi Yukawa, Yukimasa Kagami, Masaki Watanabe, Koichi Oishi, Yoshitaka Miyamoto, Yukihiro Okamoto, Manabu Tokeshi, Noritada Kaji, Hirofumi Noguchi, Kenji Ono, Makoto Sawada, Yoshinobu Baba, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Shuji Hayashi
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing. Guidance from an opinion provided for the British Medical Association.
Authors: M Sherrard, I Gatt
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Presented here is advice for British physicians concerning the current legal status of testing for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Physicians are cautioned that they may be both civilly and criminally liable if they take a blood sample for HIV testing without disclosing to the patient the nature of the test and the possible consequences of a positive result, and without obtaining informed consent. Passive or active misrepresentation, even for the best of motives, could vitiate the consent and constitute fraud or deceit. Where the safety of the patient, physician, other health personnel, or the public is involved, the physician should explain the situation to the patient, record any refusal of testing, and treat the patient as if infected
Serum urate concentrations in the Australian aboriginal.
Authors: B T Emmerson, W Douglas, R L Doherty, P Feigl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

Studies of indigenous Pacific peoples have often revealed populations with a high incidence of gout or with mean serum urate concentrations signifi- cantly higher than Caucasian populations.These have included the Maoris of New Zealand (Rose and Prior, 1963), Filipinos in Hawaii and Alaska (Decker, Lane, and Reynolds, 1962; Healey, Caner, and Decker, 1966a), the Chamorros and Carolinians of the Mariana Islands (Burch, O'Brien, Need, and Kurland, 1966), and occa- sionally some groups of Chinese (Tsung-Po, 1964) or Malaysians (Burns-Cox, 1964).Other Pacific peoples, such as full-blood Hawaiians and national groups of Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese, and Caucasians living in Hawaii (Healey and others, 1966a; Healey, Caner, Bassett, and Decker, 1966b), as well as the North American Indians (O' Brien, Burch, and Bunim, 1966), have been shown to have serum urate levels comparable with very large groups of Caucasians in the United States of America.Limited surveys of Australians of Euro- pean origin had suggested that their serum urate concentrations were comparable with those in Europe and North America (Emmerson and Sandi- lands, 1963), but no information in this regard was available concerning the serum urate concentrations in the Australian Aborigines.The Aboriginal race is a primitive one, anthro- pologically distinct from all other races.There is controversy about their origin in that some regard them as comprising a single homogeneous people (Abbie, 1966) while others consider that they have a biracial origin (Morrison, 1967).All agree, however, that the original migration was into north western Australia through the islands of Indonesia.The Aborigines are less pigmented than most other coloured peoples and have a fairly characteristic facial appearance (Fig. 1).In the natural state, the Aborigines are nomads, living on nature as they find it, without permanent housing, agriculture, or Fig. 1.-Typical Aboriginal face.animal husbandry (Cook, 1966).The extent of their contact with Western civilization varies greatly, some being fully assimilated into the community, others still living the independent life of their fore- fathers, while the majority live in mission or govern- ment stations or special reserves, where much of their food is supplied.A number who spend a 150 copyright.
Neonatal Mortality in Weekend vs Weekday Births
Authors: Jeffrey B. Gould
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Increases in neonatal mortality for infants born on the weekend were last noted several decades ago. Although the current health care environment has raised concern about the adequacy of weekend care, there have been no contemporary evaluations of daily patterns of births, obstetric intervention, and case mix-adjusted neonatal mortality.To compare the neonatal mortality of infants born on weekdays and weekends.Case series of 1 615 041 live births (weight >or=500 g) in California between 1995-1997 to determine patterns of births, cesarean deliveries, and neonatal deaths. Analyses were stratified by birth weight and delivery method. To assess the role of weekend differences in case mix, observed and birth weight-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for increased weekend mortality were estimated using logistic regression.Birth weight-adjusted neonatal mortality.There was a 17.5% decrease in births on weekends, accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of cesarean deliveries from 22% on weekdays to 16% on weekends. Weekend decreases in births were least pronounced in smaller infants, resulting in a weekend concentration of high-mortality, very low-birth-weight (<1500 g) births. Observed neonatal mortality increased from 2.80 per 1000 weekday births to 3.12 per 1000 weekend births (OR, 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.19; P =.001) for all births, and from 4.94 to 6.85 (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.25-1.55; P<.001) for cesarean deliveries. After adjusting for birth weight, the increased odds of death for infants born on the weekend were no longer significant.The provision of optimal care regardless of the day of week is an important goal for perinatal medicine. Comparing the neonatal mortality of infants born on weekdays and weekends provides a straightforward assessment of this goal. After controlling for birth weight, we found no evidence that the quality of perinatal care in California was compromised during the weekend.
Asymmetric Lower Extremity Muscle Activity on a Gallium Scan
Authors: Peeyush Bhargava, Martin Charron, David Beauchemin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 17-year-old girl with a history of Hodgkin disease showed increased gallium accumulation in the region of the right hip and reduced uptake in the muscles of the right lower extremity. Increased gallium accumulation in the right hip was attributed to avascular necrosis and the reduced gallium activity was attributed to disuse atrophy of the right lower extremity secondary to avascular necrosis (confirmed on the CT scan).
Letter: N.H.S. family planning.
Authors: T A Reddy, C A Roan
Journal: BMJ (1974)

As of April 1, 1974, Family Planning Association clinics began making available free contraceptives. This has resulted in an increase of patients at the clinics. Some are coming because of the initial and followup examinations and some because the age limits have been removed. Most Family Planning Association clinics are staffed by one doctor on a part-time basis. They are too busy to keep up with new research into contraceptives. Compulsory refresher courses should be required.
Echoing the Appropriate Use Criteria
Authors: Erin D. Michos, Theodore P. Abraham
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Lidocaine vs Parabens as Convulsants
Authors: Charles Inniss
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In a recent letter to the editor (<b>205</b>:803, 1968) Richard S. Crampton, MD, intimated that the methylparaben present in the lidocaine hydrochloride preparation (Xylocaine, Astra 1%), used to control ventricular tachycardia, was a causative agent in convulsions and respiratory arrest. The source article for this intimation, by Schorr (<b>204</b>:859, 1968), refers to<i>allergic</i>reactions with the<i>p</i>-hydroxybenzoate family of bacteriostatic and fungistatic agents (administered<i>topically</i>) and would appear to have little bearing on the toxic reactions described. Matthews et al<sup>1</sup>in studying the acute and chronic toxic reactions of<i>p</i>-hydroxybenzoic acid esters on dogs, rats, and mice revealed that the lethal dose (LD)<sup>50</sup>of methylparaben, as the sodium salt, given intravenously to mice was 170 ±8.4 mg/kg. In dogs, the fatal intravenous dose of methylparaben was 940 mg/kg, when injected at 20 mg/kg/min, and 80 mg/kg at a rate of 40
Distress in Dying
Authors: M. Millard
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Objectives  Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is the combination of acute heart failure syndrome (AHF) and renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≤60 mL/min). Real-life data were used to compare the management and outcome of AHF with and without renal dysfunction.  Design  Prospective, multicentre.  Setting  Twenty-six academic, community and regional hospitals in France.  Participants  507 patients with AHF were assessed in two groups according to renal function: group 1 (patients with CRS (CrCl ≤60 mL/min): n=335) and group 2 (patients with AHF with normal renal function (CrCl >60 mL/min): n=172).  Results  Differences were observed (group 1 vs group 2) at admission for the incidence of chronic heart failure (56.42% vs 47.67%), use of furosemide (60.9% vs 52.91%), insulin (15.52% vs 9.3%) and amiodarone (14.33% vs 4.65%); additionally, more patients in group 1 carried a defibrillator (4.78% vs 0%), had ≥2 hospitalisations in the last year (15.52% vs 5.81%) and were under the care of a cardiologist (72.24% vs 61.63%). Clinical signs were broadly similar in each group. Brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and BNP prohormone were higher in group 1 than group 2 (1157.5 vs 534 ng/L and 5120 vs 2513 ng/mL), and more patients in group 1 were positive for troponin (58.2% vs 44.19%), had cardiomegaly (51.04% vs 37.21%) and interstitial opacities (60.3% vs 47.67%). The only difference in emergency treatment was the use of nitrates, (higher in group 1 (21.9% vs 12.21%)). In-hospital mortality and the percentage of patients still hospitalised after 30 days were similar between groups, but the median stay was longer in group 1 (8 days vs 6 days).  Conclusions  Renal impairment in AHF should not limit the use of loop diuretics and/or vasodilators, but early assessment of pulmonary congestion and close monitoring of the efficacy of conventional therapies is encouraged to allow rapid and appropriate implementation of alternative therapies if necessary.
Does systemic inflammation trigger local exercise-induced oxidative stress in COPD?
Authors: C. Koechlin, A. Couillard, J.P. Cristol, P. Chanez, M. Hayot, D. Le Gallais, C. Préfaut
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Inflammatory abnormalities may be involved in the inadequate basal oxidant/antioxidant balance and local exercise-induced oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The time course of oxidative stress and inflammation was investigated in 10 COPD patients and seven healthy subjects before and after local dynamic quadriceps endurance exercise at 40% of maximal strength. Venous samples were collected before, immediately after and up to 48 h after exercise. At rest, levels of an oxidant released by stimulated phagocytes, the superoxide anion, were significantly higher in patients, as were plasma levels of C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, inflammatory markers. An inverse relationship was found between baseline C-reactive protein levels and endurance time in patients. Six hours after exercise, superoxide anion release and levels of protein oxidation products, an index of oxidative stress, increased similarly in both groups, whereas thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels, another index of oxidative stress, increased significantly only in patients. Plasma nonenzymatic antioxidant and inflammatory cytokine levels were unchanged by the exercise protocol. The increased baseline systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients could be related to disturbed oxidant/antioxidant balance, and, together, these may have triggered the exercise-induced oxidative stress. The absence, however, of local exercise-induced systemic inflammation suggests that additional mechanisms explain local exercise-induced oxidative stress.
MAINTENANCE CONVULSIVE TREATMENTS
Authors: WILLIAM KARLINER, H. K. WEHRHEIM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

Maintenance convulsive treatment was recommended to 210 patients after a repeated attack of a psychotic illness had been terminated with ECT. Fifty-seven patients accepted, 153 patients refused. Of those who accepted, 12% relapsed during a period of up to 6 years of observation and treatment; of the patients who refused, 79% relapsed.
NI-58 * LOCATION OF GLIOBLASTOMA INTERSECTIING WHITE MATTER TRACTS PREDICT PATIENT PROGNOSIS AND RESPONSE TO BEVACIZUMAB PRIOR TO THERAPY
Authors: N. Mickevicius, A. Carle, S. Santarriaga-Escamilla, T. Bluemel, J. Connelly, S. Rand, W. Mueller, K. Schmainda, P. LaViolette
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Brain tumors are known to invade healthy brain along white matter tracts. We therefore hypothesized that specific white matter tracts would be associated with poorer prognosis based on their connection to primitive brain regions necessary for essential life functions. We also hypothesized that tumors in these regions treated with bevacizumab would alter patient survival. METHODS: 109 subjects with primary GBM tumors were retrospectively included in this study. Voxel-wise survival analyses were performed to test for spatial and treatment dependence of GBM survival prognosis. An intersection analysis was first performed between an enhancing tumor mask and template-space diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived tractography which highlighted voxels with tumor-intersecting white matter tracts. Maps of voxels with these tracts were made for each patient. A voxel-wise Kaplan-Meier test was performed comparing the survival times of patients with and without a tumor-intersecting white matter tract in that voxel. The same analysis was implemented to compare survival of participants with and without bevacizumab. This highlighted regions where survival was effected due to anti-VEGF treatment. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to validate the observed survival differences induced by bevacizumab considering inconsistencies in treatment regimens seen in the patient population. RESULTS: Glioblastoma patients with tumors intersecting the right anterior thalamic radiation, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, bilateral corticospinal tracts, and corpus callosum have decreased survival compared to those with tumors intersecting elsewhere. Patients treated with bevacizumab and who also had tumors intersecting the corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, or the thalamic radiations were found to be at a survival advantage when compared to those who did not receive bevacizumab. CONCLUSIONS: Patient prognosis is associated with the location of tumor intersecting WM tracts. A survival advantage was found in tumors intersecting specific WM tracts treated with bevacizumab.
Retinoid X Receptor Heterodimers in the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Andrew I. Shulman, David J. Mangelsdorf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The principal abnormalities of the metabolic syndrome are abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, inflammation, and prothrombotic states. This review focuses on the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and its partners in the metabolic syndrome. RXR and its partners are nuclear receptors that function as ligand-dependent transcription factors. The ligands are lipids, and the system functions as a cellular lipid sensor. Agonists and inhibitors of these receptors are promising treatments for this widespread syndrome.
Management of Virilizing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia with Cyproheptadine
Authors: TAH-HSIUNG HSU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Hyperandrogenism secondary to hypersecretion of ACTH in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia is frequently a problem in therapeutic management. Despite the use of steroids and antiandrogens, virilism often persists. This paper reports the beneficial effects of cyproheptadine in two adult patients with C-21 hydroxylase deficiency who had persistently increased secretion of androgens while on supraphysiologic doses of prednisone. When cyproheptadine was administered in addition to steroids, plasma androgen levels, ACTH, and urinary 17-ketosteroid and pregnanetriol excretion rates returned to normal and clinical improvement was observed. Discontinuation of cyproheptadine therapy in one patient resulted in prompt recurrence of hyperandrogenemia, which was again ameliorated with reinstitution of the drug. From these findings, I conclude that while glucocorticoids are the mainstay of management of virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia, cyproheptadine may be an effective adjunct in some patients with this disorder.
Maternal Exposure to Occupational Solvents and Childhood Leukemia
Authors: Claire Infante-Rivard, Jack Siemiatycki, Ramzan Lakhani, Louise Nadon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Many organic solvents are considered probable carcinogens. We carried out a population-based case-control study including 790 incident cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and as many healthy controls, matched on age and sex. Maternal occupational exposure to solvents before and during pregnancy was estimated using the expert method, which involves chemists coding each individual's job for specific contaminants. Home exposure to solvents was also evaluated. The frequency of exposure to specific agents or mixtures was generally low. Results were generally similar for the period ranging from 2 years before pregnancy up to birth and for the pregnancy period alone. For the former period, the odds ratio (OR), adjusted for maternal age and sex, for any exposure to all solvents together was 1.11 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88-1.40]. Increased risks were observed for specific exposures, such as to 1,1,1-trichloroethane (OR = 7.55; 95% CI, 0.92-61.97), toluene (OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.01-3.47), and mineral spirits (OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.05-3.14). There were stronger indications of moderately increased risks associated with exposure to alkanes (C5-C17; OR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.11-2.86) and mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.12-2.41). Risk did not increase with increasing exposure, except for alkanes, where a significant trend (p = 0.04) was observed. Home exposure was not associated with increased risk. Using an elaborate exposure coding method, this study shows that maternal exposure to solvents in the workplace does not seem to play a major role in childhood leukemia.