tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SOME EXPERIMENTS ON THE VALUE OF CARBID OF CALCIUM IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER.
Authors: EMIL RIES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In theJournal of the American Medical Association, July 2, 1898, an article appeared entitled ''A Note on the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Uterus," by J. H. Etheridge, A.M., M.D., Professor, etc. At the start the author states that the idea of curing cancer by means of remedial agents has never found lodgment in his mind, while the improvement in the condition of several cases of uterine cancer under the treatment described in the article seems to him worthy of record. Then follows a review of the opinions of various authors on the pathology of cancer. Next a description is given of the agent used in the treatment of the cases reported—the carbid of calcium—and the product of dissociation of carbid of calcium with water—the acetylene gas—is dwelt upon at some length, and the question of its toxicity discussed. The author then reports that in 1896 he first
Haemophilus parainfluenzae Septic Arthritis in an Adult
Authors: Sheldon T. Warman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

ALTHOUGH serious disease in adults caused by<i>Haemophilus</i>sp is being seen with apparently increasing frequency, septic arthritis from these organisms is rare. The majority of these cases of septic arthritis are due to<i>H influenzae</i>type b. We report here a case of<i>H parainfluenzae</i>, septic arthritis in an adult documented by positive culture of joint fluid. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 95-year-old female nursing home resident was admitted to North Central Bronx Hospital because of deterioration of mental status. She was noted to have a temperature of 38.3 °C four days before admission, then became incontinent of urine and disoriented. One day before admission, she fell on her left side and complained of pain in her left hip and ankle. Medical history included hypertension, an organic brain syndrome, and atherosclerotic heart disease. Her medications were 50 mg of chlorthalidone daily and 250 mg of methyldopa daily. There was
Effect of introducing antenatal diagnosis on reproductive behaviour of families at risk for thalassaemia major.
Authors: B Modell, R H Ward, D V Fairweather
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Families who were at risk of producing a child with thalassaemia major were studied to determine the sequential effects on their reproductive behaviour of knowing the risk and, subsequently, of knowing that antenatal diagnosis was available. Knowing the risk caused them virtually to stop reproduction and to seek termination of 70% of pregnancies, most of which were accidental. The introduction of antenatal diagnosis in 1975 permitted the resumption of nearly normal reproduction by at-risk families, with fewer than 30% of pregnancies being terminated for thalassaemia major. All couples at risk for thalassaemia major should be detected and counselled before they produce an affected child; responsibility for either choosing or refusing antenatal diagnosis should be theirs alone.
Ventricular Fibrillation in a Community Hospital
Authors: Charles S. Keevil, Donnell W. Boardman, Sidney H. Wanzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

SINCE Kouwenhoven and his associates1 at Johns Hopkins first described closed-chest cardiac massage for the treatment of circulatory arrest, reports from other large centers have confirmed its efficacy.2 3 4 5 Combined with adequate oxygenation of the lungs, it maintains effective circulation until electrocardiographic diagnosis has been made and definitive treatment instituted. Zoll and his co-workers6 , 7 have developed an effective method of treating ventricular fibrillation with electric countershock. In a 100-bed community hospital we studied 5 patients with coronary-artery disease in whom circulatory arrest due to ventricular fibrillation developed and who were treated with closed-chest cardiac massage and electric defibrillation. In presenting our . . .
Activation of the ROCK1 Branch of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Pathway Contributes to RAGE-Dependent Acceleration of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic ApoE-Null Mice
Authors: De-xiu Bu, Vivek Rai, Xiaoping Shen, Rosa Rosario, Yan Lu, Vivette D'Agati, Shi Fang Yan, Richard A. Friedman, Edem Nuglozeh, Ann Marie Schmidt
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Rationale : The multiligand RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) contributes to atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein (Apo)E-null mice. Objective : To delineate the specific mechanisms by which RAGE accelerated atherosclerosis, we performed Affymetrix gene expression arrays on aortas of nondiabetic and diabetic ApoE-null mice expressing RAGE or devoid of RAGE at nine weeks of age, as this reflected a time point at which frank atherosclerotic lesions were not yet present, but that we would be able to identify the genes likely involved in diabetes- and RAGE-dependent atherogenesis. Methods and Results : We report that there is very little overlap of the genes that are differentially expressed both in the onset of diabetes in ApoE-null mice, and in the effect of RAGE deletion in diabetic ApoE-null mice. Pathway-Express analysis revealed that the transforming growth factor-β pathway and focal adhesion pathways might be expected to play a significant role in both the mechanism by which diabetes facilitates the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-null mice, and the mechanism by which deletion of RAGE ameliorates this effect. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy in aortic tissue and in primary cultures of murine aortic smooth muscle cells supported these findings. Conclusions : Taken together, our work suggests that RAGE-dependent acceleration of atherosclerosis in ApoE-null mice is dependent, at least in part, on the action of the ROCK1 (rho-associated protein kinase 1) branch of the transforming growth factor-β pathway.
A Statistical Model for Assessing Genetic Susceptibility as a Risk Factor in Multifactorial Diseases: Lessons from Occupational Asthma
Authors: Eugene Demchuk, Berran Yucesoy, Victor J. Johnson, Michael Andrew, Ainsley Weston, Dori R. Germolec, Christopher T. De Rosa, Michael I. Luster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Incorporating the influence of genetic variation in the risk assessment process is often considered, but no generalized approach exists. Many common human diseases such as asthma, cancer, and cardiovascular disease are complex in nature, as they are influenced variably by environmental, physiologic, and genetic factors. The genetic components most responsible for differences in individual disease risk are thought to be DNA variants (polymorphisms) that influence the expression or function of mediators involved in the pathological processes.The purpose of this study was to estimate the combinatorial contribution of multiple genetic variants to disease risk.We used a logistic regression model to help estimate the joint contribution that multiple genetic variants would have on disease risk. This model was developed using data collected from molecular epidemiology studies of allergic asthma that examined variants in 16 susceptibility genes.Based on the product of single gene variant odds ratios, the risk of developing asthma was assigned to genotype profiles, and the frequency of each profile was estimated for the general population. Our model predicts that multiple disease variants broaden the risk distribution, facilitating the identification of susceptible populations. This model also allows for incorporation of exposure information as an independent variable, which will be important for risk variants associated with specific exposures.The present model provided an opportunity to estimate the relative change in risk associated with multiple genetic variants. This will facilitate identification of susceptible populations and help provide a framework to model the genetic contribution in probabilistic risk assessment.
Simultaneous CAR- and αV integrin-binding ablation fails to reduce Ad5 liver tropism
Authors: Karine Martin, Anne Brie, Patrick Saulnier, Michel Perricaudet, Patrice Yeh, Emmanuelle Vigne
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Targeting adenovirus encoding therapeutic genes to specific cell types has become a major goal in gene therapy. Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and alpha(V) integrins have been identified as the primary cell surface components that interact with adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-based vectors during in vitro transduction. Redirecting Ad5-based vectors requires abrogation of the natural interaction between the viral capsid and its cellular receptors and simultaneous introduction of a new binding specificity into the viral capsid. To abrogate native Ad5 tropism, fiber knob mutations Pro409Glu and Lys417Ala were each incorporated into adenoviral vectors, while the RGD motif was deleted from the penton base. In vitro transduction experiments showed that these capsid mutations eliminated Ad5 interactions with CAR and alpha(V) integrins. Moreover, incorporation in the fiber HI loop of a vitronectin-derived ligand (VN4) specific for the uPAR/CD87 receptor provided the Lys417Ala virus with an alternative entry pathway specific for uPAR-expressing cells, indicating a successful in vitro retargeting of the vector. Unexpectedly, however, simultaneous disruption of Ad5 binding to CAR and alpha(V) integrins had no effect on liver gene transfer following systemic administration in mice. This study highlights the need to understand better the molecular determinants involved in adenovirus uptake by the liver to control the fate of adenoviral vectors in vivo.
Cancer Recurrence and Survival Associated With Dietary Patterns in Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: David Z. J. Chu
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influence of insertion/deletion polymorphism in the ACE-I gene on the progression of diabetic glomerulopathy in type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria.
Authors: S Rudberg, L M Rasmussen, H J Bangstad, R Osterby
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene on the progression of early diabetic glomerulopathy in patients with and without antihypertensive treatment (AHT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: There were 30 microalbuminuric patients with &amp;gt;5 years of type 1 diabetes who had renal biopsies taken at baseline and after 26-48 months of follow-up. Of the 30 patients, 13 (4 with II genotype and 9 with ID and DD genotypes) were randomized to AHT (enalapril or metoprolol) during the study. The ACE genotype was determined by a polymerase chain reaction. Glomerular structural changes were measured by stereological methods. RESULTS: Of the patients, 8 had the II genotype, 19 had ID genotype, and 3 had DD genotype. During the study, basement membrane thickness, matrix star volume, and the overall diabetic glomerulopathy index were increased in patients with ID and DD genotypes only (P &amp;lt; 0.001, P = 0.01, P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). Among those with ID and DD genotypes, progression of basement membrane thickening and diabetic glomerulopathy index were increased in those without AHT, as compared with the antihypertensive treated patients (P &amp;lt; 0.001, P = 0.02, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the ACE genotype had an independent influence on the progression of basement membrane thickening (P = 0.01), when AHT (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and the mean HbAlc during the study (P &amp;lt; 0.001) were also taken into account. ACE genotype tended to be independently associated with the diabetic glomerulopathy index (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Microalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients carrying the D-allele have an increased progression of diabetic glomerulopathy. Presence of this allele and no AHT seems to enhance this process. Larger studies are needed to confirm the clinical significance of our findings.
Contraceptive Implants and Teenage Pregnancy
Authors: Robert A. Hatcher, James Trussell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

In the United States approximately one of every eight young women between 15 and 19 years of age becomes pregnant, a rate that has not changed for the past 15 years.1 The remarkable constancy of this discouraging figure masks two offsetting trends; increasing proportions of teenagers are sexually active and increasing proportions of sexually active teenagers are using contraception. Although there is a consensus that pregnancy during adolescence is a serious problem and that we need programs to reduce its incidence, this consensus has not led to clear public policies that have been successful in diminishing the problem.Three broad . . .
Caridac and hemodynamic features of hypertension associated with diabetes: the strong heart study
Authors: J.N. Bella, R.B. Devereux, M.J. Roman, D. Fishman, M. Paranicas, E.T. Lee, R.R. Fabaitz, T.K. Welty, B.V. Howard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
HLA Matching in Renal Transplantation
Authors: Fred Sanfilippo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was discovered and so named because of its association with allograft rejection in animals. Thus, when kidney transplantation in humans became a reality it was not surprising that the degree of matching of organ donors and recipients for the antigens of the human MHC (HLA antigens) strongly predicted the probability of graft acceptance. The initial experience with kidney transplantation, which involved living related donors, demonstrated that the number of shared HLA chromosomal segments (haplotypes) predicted the outcome and the degree of immunosuppressive therapy required. Likewise, in 1966 Terasaki and coworkers reported an association between HLA . . .
What is an adverse health effect?
Authors: R P Sherwin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Health is defined as homeostasis of the cellular ecology, and a state where there has not been an inordinate loss, reversible or irreversible, of the structural and/or functional reserves of the body. An adverse health effect is defined as the causation, promotion, facilitation and/or exacerbation of a structural and/or functional abnormality, with the implication that the abnormality produced has the potential of lowering the quality of life, contributing to a disabling illness, or leading to a premature death. Experimental animal studies indicate that poor air quality has the potential for serious adverse health effects through perturbations of the cellular ecology over long-term periods. Some of the most important concerns are inordinate depletions of lung reserves (in particular, emphysema), the facilitation of cancer metastasis to the lung, the facilitation of immunologic deficits with the concomitant expression of opportunistic organisms, and amplification of cardiovascular abnormalities (in particular, ischemic heart disease). It is argued that air quality standard setting should more strongly consider adverse health effects that are presently subclinical in nature in order to achieve early prevention instead of late correction.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Oral Lesions in Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
Authors: Walter H. Wilborn
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The oral surfaces of 12 patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Candida albicans in massive numbers populated the surface of the infected mouth of each patient. Although pseudohyphae were the predominant forms, blastospores and chlamydospores were also found. Pseudohyphae penetrated the epithelium and seemed to enter through holes in the keratinized cells. Because specimen processing for SEM can be completed within six hours, the scanning electron microscope can be used to identify C albicans more rapidly than culture methods.
N-cadherin-ERα-Src signal models mediate the synergistic potentiation of activation of PI3K/Akt signal pathway in injured dopaminergic neurons by GDNF and E2
Authors: Zixiao Shi, Meng Wang, Ye Xiong, Yaping Liu, Xiaozhou Wang, Jing Liu, Li Li, Dianshuai Gao
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background Accumulating evidence indicates that glial cell linederived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) synergizes with 17b-estradiol (E2) could protect dopaminergic neurons. However, the mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Based on the fact that either E2 or GDNF can activate the intracellular PI3K/Akt signal pathway, we hypothesize that the synergic protection of dopaminergic neurons exerted by E2 and GDNF is ascribed to enhancing the activation of the cellular PI3K/Akt signal pathway in a certain way. Method We studied the potential mechanism under the synergistic protective effects of E2 and GDNF on dopaminergic neurons using the MN9D cell line. The MN9D cells were treated with 6-OHDA before incubating with either E2 or GDNF or both. Endogenous AKT phosphorylation and precise underlying mechanistic studies were revealed using co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP), western blot and immuno-fluorescent staining. Result
RETROBULBAR OPTIC NEURITIS FOLLOWING CHILDBIRTH.
Authors: CHARLES J. KIPP
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>Case 1.</h3> —A case of recurrent retrobulbar optic neuritis of one eye following successive childbirths, and ending in atrophy of optic nerve, with whitening of part of the eyelashes and eyebrow of same side. <h3>History.</h3> —The patient was a strong healthy woman, about 25 years of age, at the time of her third pregnancy when she first came under my observation. I learned from her at this time that her first pregnancy occurred about four years before the third, and the second more than two years before the third. Her eyes have always been good, she has never had an inflammation of the same, and the vision of both was excellent up to the time of her first pregnancy. Shortly after her first confinement she had an attack of transitory blindness in the right eye, from which she recovered completely. She had another temporary loss of vision in the right
The role of pre-core hepatitis B virus mutants on the long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B virus hepatitis. A longitudinal study
Authors: Maria Eliana Lai, Antonio Solinas, Anna P. Mazzoleni, Angelo Deplano, Patrizia Farci, Vitalia Lisci, Antonella Porru, Andreina Tocco, Angelo Balestrieri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
Acute coronary artery occlusion during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: reopening by intracoronary streptokinase before emergency coronary artery surgery to prevent myocardial infarction.
Authors: J Schofer, H J Krebber, W Bleifeld, D G Mathey
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was complicated by acute coronary artery occlusion associated with ST elevation and severe chest pain in three patients. Within 10 minutes, the occluded artery was reopened by an intracoronary (i.c.) infusion of streptokinase, resulting in the disappearance of chest pain and normalization of ST segments. To keep the artery patent, i.c. streptokinase had to be continued until emergency bypass surgery was performed. In two patients, no myocardial infarction occurred, as shown by a normal postoperative left ventricular angiogram. ECG and thallium-201 scintigram. In the other patient, who was admitted with an inferior infarction and underwent PTCA after i.c. lysis, no infarct extension was observed. These results show that i.c. streptokinase rapidly opens an acute coronary artery occlusion complicating PTCA, preventing myocardial infarction.
Increased incidence of asthma in HIV-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in the National Institutes of Health Women and Infants Transmission Study
Authors: Samuel B. Foster, Kenneth McIntosh, Bruce Thompson, Ming Lu, Wanrong Yin, Kenneth C. Rich, Hermann Mendez, Leslie K. Serchuck, Clemente Diaz, Mary E. Paul, William T. Shearer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Lack of Efficacy of a Decongestant-Antihistamine Combination for Otitis Media with Effusion (Secretory Otitis Media) in Children
Authors: Erdem I. Cantekin, Ellen M. Mandel, Charles D. Bluestone, Howard E. Rockette, Jack L. Paradise, Sylvan E. Stool, Thomas J. Fria, Kenneth D. Rogers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

In a double-blind, randomized trial of 553 infants and children who had otitis media with effusion ("secretory" otitis media), we compared the efficacy of a four-week course of an oral decongestant-antihistamine combination (pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 4 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, and chlorpheniramine maleate, 0.35 mg per kilogram per day) with that of placebo. Among patients with initially unilateral disease, resolution of middle-ear effusion occurred at four weeks in 38 per cent of those treated with placebo and 34 per cent of those treated with drug (P = 0.74). Among patients with initially bilateral disease the corresponding proportions were 19 and 21 per cent, respectively (P = 0.67). Side effects were reported more often among drug-treated than placebo-treated patients. Decongestant-antihistamine combinations do not appear to be indicated for the treatment of otitis media with effusion in infants and children. (N Engl J Med. 1983; 308:297–301.)
NICE guidance on epilepsy recommends specialist diagnosis
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

All patients suspected of having seizures should be seen urgently by a specialist for diagnosis and be given individually tailored treatment, recommends a new guideline published this week. The guideline is designed to improve the care in the NHS of children and adults in England and Wales with epilepsy and to reduce the number of sudden deaths associated with epilepsy.

The guideline was published by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), which provides national guidance on treatments and care for the NHS in England and Wales, and the National Collaborating Centre for Primary Care. …