tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE GENESIS AND TREATMENT OF THE MYOPIC EYE.
Authors: S. D. RISLEY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

There is no more interesting or important chapter in ophthalmology than that which treats of the etiology, nature and treatment of the myopic eye. The widely differing views which have been expressed regarding each of these points seem to justify a renewed presentation of the subject. <h3>HISTORY.</h3> The observations made in the early part of the century by James Ware regarding the relatively greater prevalence of myopia among the educated portions of the community were verified by the later examinations in the schools by many observers, who demonstrated its steadily increasing percentage as the children advanced in age and school progress. Since this was associated with a nearly equal fall in the percentage of hypermetropic eyes it required but a step to the seemingly logical conclusion that the small hypermetropic eyeball of childhood increased in size with the physiologic growth of the child into emmetropia and from this into the
Cytoskeletal remodeling mediated by WASp in dendritic cells is necessary for normal immune synapse formation and T-cell priming
Authors: Gerben Bouma, Ariadna Mendoza-Naranjo, Michael P. Blundell, Elena de Falco, Kathryn L. Parsley, Siobhan O. Burns, Adrian J. Thrasher
Journal: Blood (2011)
Prenatal growth and subsequent marital status: longitudinal study
Authors: D. I W Phillips
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Unmarried men have higher rates of cardiovascular disease and a shorter lifespan than married men. 1 The hypotheses that have been proposed to explain this are either that healthier men tend to marry or that the social support offered by marriage is protective.It is also possible that factors leading people to remain unmarried are linked with the susceptibility to cardiovascular disease.As small size at birth is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, 2 we hypothesised that restriction of prenatal growth might be associated with marital status.We tested this in two long term prospective birth cohorts of men who belonged to generations in which marriage was a social norm.
Hepatocyte CD81 is required for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite infectivity
Authors: Olivier Silvie, Eric Rubinstein, Jean-François Franetich, Michel Prenant, Elodie Belnoue, Laurent Rénia, Laurent Hannoun, Wijnand Eling, Shoshana Levy, Claude Boucheix, Dominique Mazier
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
A PLEA FOR THE EARLY AND CORRECT DIAGNOSIS OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY.
Authors: HENRY D. INGRAHAM
Journal: JAMA (1902)

It is not my intention to try to say anything new upon this important subject, nor attempt to call your attention to anything that you do not already know; yet mistakes are so often made in the diagnosis of this condition, by the attending physician, that it seems that further notes of warning should be given to prevent the recurrence of the sad results which are so frequent. The classical symptoms of ectopic pregnancy as given in the text-books are plain and definite. <h3>THE SYMPTOMS.</h3> Generally a married woman who has had one or more children, and who has been sterile for a longer or shorter time misses her period and has all the usual symptoms of pregnancy. In addition to these symptoms she usually has what is more important as an aid to diagnosis, paroxysmal pains occurring in the pelvis. The attacks may come on without any known cause.
Endoscopic screening for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in high-risk patients: a prospective study conducted in 62 french endoscopy centers
Authors: J. Dubuc, J.-L. Legoux, M. Winnock, J.-A. Seyrig, J.-P. Barbier, T. Barrioz, R. Laugier, G. Boulay, D. Grasset, D. Sautereau, D. Grigoresco, J. Butel, J.-Y. Scoazec, T. Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: The prevalence of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in high-risk patients and the advantages of systematic Lugol staining during esophagoscopy have not yet been evaluated in a large prospective study. In this study we aimed to assess the prevalence of this type of tumor in high-risk patients, to examine the role of Lugol staining in endoscopic screening for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma, and to establish whether it is possible to identify a particularly high-risk group which would benefit from systematic screening. Patients and Methods: A prospective study was undertaken in 62 endoscopy centers. A total of 1095 patients were enrolled, none of whom had any esophageal symptoms. These patients had presented with either a past history of or a recent head and neck or tracheobronchial squamous-cell carcinoma (group 1), with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (group 2), with alcoholic cirrhosis (group 3), or were alcohol and tobacco addicts (group 4). The patients underwent a meticulous endoscopic examination of the esophagus, followed by Lugol staining. Results: The prevalence of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma was 3.2 %. The group 1 patients showed the highest prevalence of carcinoma (5.3 %) and the highest prevalence of dysplasia (4.5 %). Of the 35 carcinomas detected in the 1095 patients, seven (20 %) were early lesions, and 20 % were only detected after Lugol staining (P = 0.02). High-grade dysplasia was only observed in group 1 patients and two-thirds of these lesions were only diagnosed after Lugol staining. The overall prevalence of low-grade dysplasia was 2.4 %, and 77 % of these were detected only after Lugol staining (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Lugol dye staining increases the sensitivity of esophageal endoscopy for the detection of high-grade dysplasia and cancer. The prevalence of dysplasia and cancer reached 9.9 % in group 1, and we therefore believe that an endoscopic screening program could be justified for patients with head and neck or tracheobronchial cancer.
Free distribution ends for 'MMWR' on Oct 1
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

For some, it is difficult to imagine there would be much call for a publication that traffics in such medical esoterica as the accuracy of diagnosis of dengue fever in East Africa or an outbreak of pneumonia from contaminated cooking oil in Spain. But the<i>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)</i>, published weekly by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, to keep state and local health departments up to date on trends in infectious and occupational disease, has become must reading for more than 110,000 epidemiologists, physicians, nurses, and medical journalists, as well as for many others not directly involved in public health problems. Surprisingly, only about 10% of readers are public health workers. According to<i>MMWR</i>editor Michael Gregg, MD, most material published in<i>MMWR</i>comes from state and local health departments or from CDC staff assigned to those departments or working in the Atlanta CDC headquarters. Occasional
A Catalytic Antioxidant Attenuates Alveolar Structural Remodeling in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Ling-Yi L. Chang, Meera Subramaniam, Bradley A. Yoder, Brian J. Day, Misoo C. Ellison, Mary E. Sunday, James D. Crapo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Superoxide anion and other oxygen-free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We tested the hypothesis that a catalytic antioxidant metalloporphyrin AEOL 10113 can protect against hyperoxia-induced lung injury using a fetal baboon model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Fetal baboons were delivered by hysterotomy at 140 days of gestation (term = 185 days) and given 100% oxygen for 10 days. Morphometric analysis of alveolar structure showed that fetal baboons on 100% oxygen alone had increased parenchymal mast cells and eosinophils, increased alveolar tissue volume and septal thickness, and decreased alveolar surface area compared with animals given oxygen as needed. Treatment with AEOL 10113 (continuous intravenous infusion) during 100% oxygen exposure partially reversed these oxygen-induced changes. Hyperoxia increased the number of neuroendocrine cells in the peripheral lung, which was preceded by increased levels of urine bombesin-like peptide at 48 hours of age. AEOL 10113 inhibited the hyperoxia-induced increases in urine bombesin-like peptide and numbers of neuroendocrine cells. An increasing trend in oxygenation index over time was observed in the 100% oxygen group but not the mimetic-treated group. These results suggest that AEOL 10113 might reduce the risk of pulmonary oxygen toxicity in prematurely born infants.
Diagnosis of Biliary Strictures in Conjunction with Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreaticography, with Special Reference to Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: B. Lindberg, U. Arnelo, A. Bergquist, A. Thörne, A. Hjerpe, S. Granqvist, L.-O. Hansson, B. Tribukait, B. Persson, U. Broomé
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Strictures of the bile ducts due to malignant changes are difficult to distinguish from benign changes, particularly in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic methods for malignancy in biliary strictures in conjunction with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP).Bile duct strictures were identified during ERCP in 57 patients, who were thus included in the present study. Brush samples from the strictures were taken for cytology and for evaluation of DNA content by flow cytometry. The tumor markers CA 19-9 and CEA were determined both in serum and bile fluid. Two independent radiologists evaluated all cholangiograms. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of each diagnostic method were evaluated separately and in combination.32 patients were found to have malignant strictures and when the four methods: brush cytology, DNA analysis, serum CA 19-9 and serum CEA were combined, a diagnostic sensitivity of 88 % and specificity of 80 % were reached. Seven of the 20 patients with PSC were found also to suffer from cholangiocarcinoma, yielding a sensitivity and specificity of 100 % and 85 %, respectively. Analyses of CA 19-9 and CEA in bile fluid had no diagnostic significance.An ERCP procedure with brush cytology, a DNA analysis, combined with serum analysis of CA 19-9 and CEA, can increase the possibility of distinguishing between malignant and benign biliary strictures, especially in PSC patients.
Recurrent Ulceration Following Gastric Resection — A Gastrophotographic and Roentgenographic Study
Authors: N. Gabrielsson
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

A series of 50 cases following Billroth I and II gastric resection with recurrent ulceration diagnosed by gastrophotography was investigated to establish the incidence, size, depth, and location of different types of ulceration. Peptic stomal ulcer was the most common and suture-line ulcer, with protruding suture material, the rarest type of ulcer. The peptic stomal ulcers were concentrated within a small area on the lesser curvature and the jejunal ulcers within the posterior half of the intestine towards the efferent loop. The prospects of diagnosing superficial ulcers by conventional roentgenography were extremely poor and many shallow ulcers were also missed especially following Billroth II resection. After this type of operation the stomal ulcers were most easily overlooked.
Viability of common pathogens in cold-curing acrylic resin used in orthopaedic surgery.
Authors: A. G. Towers
Journal: BMJ (1966)

damage are more conmnon and may adversely affect the result is indisputable, but without surgery the outlook is indeed grave.After mitral valvotomy most patients can look forward to many years of improved well-being and increased exercise tolerance. Summary and ConclusionsThe results are reported of 99 patients aged 50 and over who underwent mitral valvotomy.The immediate mortality was 14 (14>,',",), and a further 11 have died during the period of follow-up, which has varied from six months to nine years.Most of the survivors have benefited from operation and have maintained their improvement even when slight mitral incompetence has been produced.Chronic bronchitis with emphysema, severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, and valve calcification are more common in this age group, and increase both the mortality and the morbidity.Careful supervision is important in the immediate post-operative period.We wish to thank the many physicians in the region who referred patients for operation.REXERENCES
THE ETIOLOGY OF SCARLATINA.
Authors: WILLIAM J. CLASS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In the<i>Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift</i>of July 2 and 9 there appeared an article by Adolph Baginsky and Paul Sommerfeld, in which they announce the discovery of a micro-organism whose constant presence in the throat secretions and blood of scarlet-fever patients causes them to believe that it is probably the causative factor of this disease. It is this article that has inspired me to a further communication, as well as a desire to present to the medical profession the evidence that has so far accumulated favoring the view that the diplococcus scarlatinæ, the germ discovered by me, is the cause of scarlet fever. The only notice taken by Baginsky and Sommerfeld of my investigations into the cause of scarlet fever is the statement that I had found a diplococcus resembling a very large gonococcus, which organism was considered by me as being the cause of scarlet fever. As the source
Consent for Organ Donation — Balancing Conflicting Ethical Obligations
Authors: Robert D Truog
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Organ transplantation is truly one of the miracles of modern medicine, saving the lives of many patients and improving the quality of life for many more. Given the ever-increasing gap between the number of organs needed and the supply, clinicians have an ethical obligation to help ensure that the desires of people who want to donate organs are respected. The Department of Health and Human Services took up this challenge in 2003, when it collaborated with leading transplantation organizations to launch the Breakthrough Collaborative, calling on all hospitals to increase their organ-donation rates to 75% or higher.In addition to . . .
Significance of Automated Stenosis Detection During Quantitative Angiography
Authors: Javier Escaned, Jose Baptista, Carlo Di Mario, Ju¨rgen Haase, Yukio Ozaki, David T. Linker, Pim J. de Feyter, Jos R.T.C. Roelandt, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Automated stenosis analysis is a common feature of commercially available quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) systems, allowing automatic detection of the boundaries of the stenosis, interpolation of the expected dimensions of the coronary vessel at the point of obstruction, and angiographically derived estimation of atheromatous plaque size. However, the ultimate meaning of this type of analysis in terms of the degree of underlying atherosclerotic disease remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between stenosis analysis performed with QCA and the underlying degree of atherosclerotic disease judged by intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS) imaging.In 40 coronary stenoses, automated identification of the sites of maximal luminal obstruction and the start of the stenosis was performed with QCA by use of curvature analysis of the obtained diameter function. Plaque size at these locations also was estimated with ICUS, with an additional ICUS measurement immediately proximal to the start of the stenosis. Crescentlike distribution of plaque, indicating an atheroma-free arc of the arterial wall, was recorded. At the site of the obstruction, total vessel area measured with ICUS was 16.65 +/- 4.04 mm2, whereas an equivalent measurement obtained from QCA-interpolated reference dimensions was 7.48 +/- 3.30 mm2 (P = .0001). Plaque area derived from QCA data was significantly less than that calculated from ICUS (6.32 +/- 3.21 and 13.29 +/- 4.22 mm2, respectively; mean difference, 6.92 +/- 4.43 mm2; P = .0001). At the start of the stenosis identified by automated analysis, ICUS plaque area was 9.38 +/- 3.17 mm2, and total vessel area was 18.77 +/- 5.19 mm2 (50 +/- 11% total vessel area stenosis). The arterial wall presented a disease-free segment in 28 proximal locations (70%) but in only 5 sites (12%) corresponding to the start of the stenosis and none at the obstruction (P = .0001). At the site of obstruction, all vessels showed a complete absence of a disease-free segment, and the atheroma presented a cufflike or all-around distribution with a variable degree of eccentricity.At the site of maximal obstruction, QCA underestimated plaque size as measured with ICUS. Atherosclerotic disease was consistently present at the start of the stenosis and was used as a reference site by automated stenosis analysis. At the start of the stenosis, ICUS demonstrated a mean 50 +/- 11% total vessel area stenosis, with a characteristic loss of disease-free arcs of arterial wall present in proximal locations. Thus, the site identified by automated stenosis analysis as the start of the stenosis does not represent a disease-free site but rather the place where compensatory vessel enlargement fails to preserve luminal dimensions, a phenomenon that seems related to the observed loss of a remnant arc of normal arterial wall.
High-Stakes Diagnostic Decision Rules for Serious Disorders
Authors: David E. Newman-Toker, Jonathan A. Edlow
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"The Poisoning of a People."
Authors: F. A. Schmitt
Journal: JAMA (1896)

LaGrange, Texas, November 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your editorial " The Poisoning of a People," I find sentiments expressed which, although one comes across similar expressions of late in the secular press, are never-the-less in my humble judgment not quite up to the high standard of theJournal; besides do such expressed sentiments remind me of the gloomiest days in my recollection; of the days of my boyhood, when the native born citizen looked with the utmost contempt on his foreign born neighbor and when in his desire to curtail the rights and privileges of these foreign born people, he would resort to the most stringent and desperate measures and would even arm himself and fight battles in the streets of our cities—<i>e.g</i>., St. Louis, Mo., to defend his so-called prerogative rights against imaginary encroachments of the despised foreigner. The views expressed in theJournaland the sentiment of
Airborne Contamination of Fine-Particle Nebulizers
Authors: Steven G. Kelsen
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To determine whether bacteria present in ambient air play a role in the contamination of fine-particle reservoir nebulizers, nebulizers were placed in operation in separate hospital locations having qualitatively and quantitatively different bacterial flora in background air. Nebulizers placed in a surgical intensive care unit that had higher numbers of bacteria and a predominance of Gram-negative organisms in background air had a significantly higher incidence of nebulizer contamination (33.0%) than did nebulizers placed in a non-patient-care area that had lower bacterial counts and a predominance of Gram-positive organisms (0%) (P less than .05). The present study indicates that airborne contamination of fine-particle reservoir nebulizers occurs when bacteria present in ambient air enter the nebulizer during its operation.
PTU-124 Are pseudopolyps the source of tumorigenic mutations in ulcerative colitis?
Authors: N Jawad, T Graham, M Novelli, M Rodriguez-Justo, R Feakins, A Silver, N Wright, S McDonald
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Pseudopolyps develop as a result of mucosal ulceration and epithelial regeneration.<sup>1</sup> They appear as islands of relatively normal epithelium in otherwise denuded mucosa and are the likely source of epithelium from which the mucosa repairs. They can be associated with areas of dysplasia but are thought to be benign. We have previously shown that protumourigenic mutations can spread through the entire colon in patients with UC-associated cancer.<sup>2</sup> We hypothesise that pseudopolyps are clonal expansions of crypts that have acquired a protumourigenic survival advantage over surrounding normal epithelium that frequently perishes in the inflammatory milieu. <h3>Methods</h3> To determine the genetic status of pseudopolyps and frequency of mutated pseudopolyps. DNA extracted from macrodissected UC-associated pseudopolyp tissue sections underwent nested PCR sequencing of common tumour suppressor and oncogenes known to be mutated in colitis associated cancers, using well established published protocols. <h3>Results</h3> Of 30 pseudopolyp samples analysed from 30 different patients, four patients had identifiable mutations; in <i>CDKN2A</i> (c.C387T p.129Y), <i>tP53</i>-exon7 (c.C735T p.245G), and <i>K-RAS</i> (c.G37A p.G13S, and c.G35C p.Gly12Ala). <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have shown that pseudopolyps are a potential source of protumourigenic mutations in UC. Pseudopolyps may possibly be the site within the inflamed epithelium where mutations are harboured, and may be the source for restituted bowel. More numbers are needed to be analysed and this is planned for future work and comparison with normal matched tissue is required. These lesions have been traditionally thought to be benign, genetically inert, incidental findings, characteristic of chronic inflammation. Although this data are preliminary, these findings propose an exciting paradigm shift in the way we consider pseudopolyps and may alter endoscopic management of these lesions in the future. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Jalan KN</b>, Sircus W, Walker RJ, <i>et al.</i> Pseudopolyposis in ulcerative colitis. <i>Lancet</i> 1969;<b>2</b>:255. 2. <b>Leedham SJ</b>, Graham TA, Oukrif D, <i>et al.</i> Clonality, founder mutations, and field cancerization in human ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia. <i>Gastroenterology</i> 2009;<b>136</b>:542–50.