tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17438: Misclassification of the Cause of Dyspnea by Resting Right Heart Catheterization: the Impact of Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Authors: Mário Santos, Aaron B Waxman, Julie Tracy, Fariha Khalid, Alexander R Opotowsky, David M Systrom
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Supine resting right heart catheterization (srRHC) is the standard method to differentiate pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but most such patients complain of symptoms during exercise. We hypothesized that the upright invasive exercise phenotype of patients with unexplained exertional intolerance provides a distinct and additive perspective compared with supine resting RHC in the diagnosis of PAH and HFpEF. Methods: We reviewed results of consecutive patients with unexplained effort intolerance who underwent same day sequential srRHC and invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET) between March 2011 and October 2013. At rest, patients were classified with PAH if mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥ 25 mmHg and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤ 15 mmHg; as HFpEF if PAWP &gt; 15 mmHg; and as normal if none of the above hemodynamic criteria were met. At peak exercise, patients were categorized as exercise-induced PAH (eiPAH), exercise HFpEF (eHFpEF), normal (eNormal), or peripheral limitation according to the criteria displayed in the table. Results: Of 255 patients, 212 (83%) had normal srRHC. Of these, 46 (22%) had an abnormal iCPET result: eiPAH (n=24), eHFpEF (n=22). A resting mPAP &gt; 18 mmHg discriminated eiPAH reasonably well (ROC AUC: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.67-0.83). Of those with abnormal srRHC, iCPET reclassified diagnosis for 16/43 (37%). Of the 30 patients who had HFpEF by srRHC, 12 (40%) had a normal cardiac hemodynamic profile during upright maximum exercise. 4 (31%) of the 13 patients with PAH at rest had no suggestion of intrinsic pulmonary vascular disease during exercise (3 eHFpEF and 1 non-cardiac limitation) with iCPET. Conclusions: In patients with exertional intolerance, iCPET reveals hemodynamic abnormalities which are overlooked with resting RHC and reclassifies a significant subset of apparent PAH and HFpEF patients by srRHC.
TRENDS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: Thomas Parran
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1938)

Article1 July 1938TRENDS IN PUBLIC HEALTHTHOMAS PARRAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.THOMAS PARRAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-12-1-115 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPublic health is one of the newest and the most rapidly growing specialties of medicine. This has been due to a number of factors among which are:1. The growth of scientific medical knowledge makes possible effective means of prevention and treatment for an increasing number of diseases.2. The increasing concern of man for the well-being of his fellow man. This growth in the sentiment against suffering, as Newsholme calls it, has found expression in a large structure of social laws, the effort to provide more nearly adequate measures of relief for the destitute, unemployment insurance, and many other... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Read at the New York meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 4, 1938. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1938Volume 12, Issue 1Page: 115-120KeywordsPrevention, policy, and public health ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1938 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Sodium Chloride Concentration on Growth, Biochemical Composition, and Metabolism of HeLa Cells
Authors: Elton Stubblefield, Gerald C. Mueller
Journal: Cancer Research (1960)

Summary  Some effects of variation of the sodium chloride content of the medium on growth, metabolism, and chemical composition of HeLa cells were determined. The optimal NaCl concentration for growth and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis was 100–130 mm. Increase of the culture medium NaCl concentration from 120 mm to 220 mm resulted in a decreased growth rate and an increase in content of ribonucleic acid (RNA), protein, and lipide phosphate per cell. Cell volume was likewise increased. The rate of glucose utilization per mg. of culture protein increased with increasing NaCl concentration up to 220 mm, as did also the relative conversion of glucose into lactic acid.  Synthesis of DNA decreased concomitantly with cell proliferation. The high-salt effects were reversible by restoration of 120 mm NaCl concentration in the medium.  High-salt medium transiently increased the phase contrast density of the cell nucleus and caused chromosome clumping in mitotic cells. Although the cells in 220 mm NaCl medium increased in cell size, there was no marked alteration of the typical epithelioid appearance of the cells.  The data are discussed in terms of a concept involving nuclear and cytoplasmic phases of a cell life cycle. A possible ionic control mechanism regulating DNA synthesis and initiation of the nuclear cycle is presented.  No attempt was made to dissociate the osmotic effects of NaCl variation from those effects due specifically to the Na+ and Cl- ions.
Abstract 17100: Priming with Erythropoietin Enhances Survival and Pro-Angiogenic Properties in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Takuya Mizukami, Yoshitaka Iso, Haruka Usui, Chisato Sato, Masahiro Sasai, Seiji Shioda, Hiroshi Suzuki
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Accumulating evidence from animal studies shows that the administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow ameliorates tissue damage after ischemic injury. However, the inability to effectively graft culture-expanded stem cells to diseased or injured tissues remains a challenge for cell therapy. Erythropoietin (Epo) is an erythropoiesis-stimulating cytokine and protects erythroid progenitors from cell death. Epo receptor was identified in MSCs, but the action of Epo/Epo receptor signaling is not determined. In the present study we investigated whether Epo enhanced the survival and pro-angiogenic potential in the MCSs in both culture and animal experiments. Methods and Results: Epo receptor was expressed on MSCs isolated from bone marrow in GFP-transgenic rats. In culture study, the Epo treatment (80IU/ml) significantly propagated the MSCs compared with the controls (2-fold increase, p&lt;0.05). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that Epo significantly enhanced the expressions of basic-fibroblast growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the cultured MSCs. In vivo, the GFP-MSCs preconditioned with and without Epo (80IU/ml) for 48 hours were locally administered to rat hindlimb ischemia model (n=11 in each group). Priming with Epo significantly increased the MSC engraftment in perivascular area of the injured muscle at day 3 after the implantation more than without Epo (1.5±1.3 vs. 3.0±2.1, p&lt;0.05). The MSCs preconditioned with Epo significantly promoted blood perfusion documented by laser Doppler and capillary growth in histological study compared with the control group at day 14 (p&lt;0.05, respectively). In addition to promoting neovascularization, the MSCs with Epo significantly inhibited macrophage infiltration in perivascular are (p&lt;0.05 vs. the control). Conclusions: Epo induced the proliferative activity and enhanced the production of angiogenic cytokines in the cultured MSCs from bone marrow. In vivo study demonstrated that the short-term priming with Epo promoted the cellular engraftment and neovascularization in the MSC therapy for ischemic limb muscle. MSC implantation combined with Epo may be a novel and feasible strategy in therapeutic angiogeneis.
Abstract 20: Bystander Basic Life Support and the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2005
Authors: Bernhard Rossler, Roman Fleischhackl, Heidrun Losert, Cosima Wandaller, Jasmin Arrich, Martina Mittlboeck, Hans Domanovits, Klaus Hoerauf
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background International Basic Life Support (BLS) algorithms have been designed, validated and published to meliorate the outcome in the case of cardiac arrest. The European Resuscitation Council (...
Book: Salt, Diet and Health
Authors: M. Mullner
Journal: BMJ (1999)

G A MacGregor, H E de Wardener Cambridge University Press, £14.95, pp 245 ISBN 0 521 63545 4 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Did you ever suspect that there might be an industrial conspiracy against a reduction in salt intake? MacGregor and de Wardener think so. On first browsing, their book looks like one of those populist texts, “Lose 50% of your weight in 2weeks without effort and stay healthy.” On the other hand, both authors are well known in the world of dietary salt. Other guarantors for credibility are the well selected and presented references, with … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Evidence base of clinical diagnosis: Clinical problem solving and diagnostic decision making: selective review of the cognitive literature
Authors: A. S Elstein
Journal: BMJ (2002)

can be expertly administered. 18 Ideally, as many patients as possible would be treated within 90 or 120 minutes of onset, when benefit is maximal.The time has come for proponents of thrombolysis and reformed thrombolytic contrarians to join together to improve systems of acute stroke care worldwide so that more properly evaluated, properly selected, and properly informed stroke patients can be treated with intravenous thrombolytics within three hours of onset.JLS, CSK, and SS have served as site investigators in acute stroke clinical trials sponsored by several (15, 11, and 17 respectively) pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, including Genentech and Boehringer-Ingelheim; have received speaking honorariums from several (12, 5, 8) pharmaceutical companies, including Genentech and Boehringer-Ingelheim; and have served as consultants on scientific advisory boards for several (7, 1, 5) pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies developing acute stroke treaments, including Boehringer-Ingelheim and Genentech.
Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations
Authors: H. Kenneth Walker, W. Dallas Hall, J. Willis Hurst
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Cardiovascular system pulmonary system neurological system autonomic nervous system gastrointestinal system skin and appendages eye ear nose, mouth and throat endocrine system haematopoietic system musculoskelatal system female genitalia general.
Skin self-examination and the ABCDE rule in the early diagnosis of melanoma: is the game over?
Authors: V. De Giorgi, F. Papi, L. Giorgi, I. Savarese, A. Verdelli, F. Scarfì, S. Gandini
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, We read the paper by Titus et al.1 on skin self‐examination and melanoma risk with great interest. The authors argue that skin self‐examination may be useful in the fight against melanoma, even more so if coupled with a doctor's visit. However, they do not correlate these data to the histopathological type of melanoma and to its anatomical site. In addition, the visit referred to was not necessarily carried out by a specialist, nor did it necessarily involve the active search for suspicious skin lesions. In this respect, it must never be forgotten that, despite the apparent improvement of survival over the years, the mortality rate of melanoma has actually remained stable, or even increased among male patients in some geographical areas.2–5 Melanoma mortality is not influenced by the screening biases that may affect survival data – in particular, lead‐time and overdiagnosis bias. Lead‐time bias may occur if screening advances the time of diagnosis but does not actually alter the time of death, hence survival appears longer but mortality is unchanged. Overdiagnosis bias may occur if a screening programme detects cases of cancer that would not have led to death in that individual's lifetime. This may occur if indolent cancers are detected, or if cancers are detected in individuals who would have died from comorbid disease before the cancer became clinically apparent. If overdiagnosis bias occurs there may be an apparent improvement in stage distribution, resection rates and survival, without an improvement in disease‐specific mortality.
Abstract 221: Predictors of Left Atrial Fibrosis in Patients With Mitral Valve Disease: Pathologic Validation of Left Atrial Function by Speckle Tracking Image
Authors: Eui-Young Choi, Ae-Young Her, Byeong-Wook Song, Chi Young Shim, Sak Lee, Jong-Won Ha, Se-Joong Rim, Byung Chul Chang, Namsik Chung
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Left atrial (LA) fibrosis is an important predictor for future development of atrial fibrillation and atrial remodeling. However, non-invasive predictors for LA fibrosis has not been cl...
Abstract 3504: Regulation of cell cycle progression by Ikaros in leukemia
Authors: Elanora Dovat, Jonathon Payne, Carlos M. Casiano, Justin Sloane, Chandrika Gowda, Kimberly J. Payne, Sinisa Dovat, Chunhua Song
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Control of cell cycle progression is achieved by the coordinated function of a large set of genes that are highly conserved in eukaryotic organisms. Malignant cells have impaired regulation of cell cycle progression which results in uncontrolled cellular proliferation. Thus, understanding the regulation of cell cycle progression in malignant cells is essential to advance our knowledge of the process of malignant transformation and for designing novel treatments. Ikaros is a zinc finger protein that acts as a tumor suppressor in leukemia. The loss of Ikaros activity due to deletion or mutation has been associated with the development of high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), as well as with T-cell ALL and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Ikaros binds DNA and regulates transcription of its target genes via chromatin remodeling. The mechanism of Ikaros tumor suppressor activity is largely unknown. Here, we present evidence that Ikaros regulates cell cycle progression in leukemia. Using quantitative Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assay (qChIP), we demonstrate that Ikaros binds in vivo to promoter regions of several genes that regulate cell cycle progression in B-ALL cell lines and in primary cells from patients with B-ALL. To study how Ikaros regulates transcription of these genes, luciferase reporter assays were performed. The promoter regions of three Ikaros target genes were cloned into luciferase reporter constructs. Each of these constructs has been co-transfected with Ikaros or an empty vector (as a negative control) into HEK 293T cells. Results showed that Ikaros represses transcription of the three genes that promote cell cycle progression. Overexpression of Ikaros in leukemia cells by retroviral transduction results in reduced transcription of the cell cycle promoting genes, as evidenced by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), as well as cell cycle arrest. These data suggest that Ikaros regulates cell cycle progression in leukemia by direct repression of the transcription of the genes that promote cell cycle progression, and identifies one mechanism of Ikaros function as a tumor suppressor in leukemia. Citation Format: Elanora Dovat, Jonathon Payne, Carlos M. Casiano, Justin Sloane, Chandrika Gowda, Kimberly J. Payne, Sinisa Dovat, Chunhua Song. Regulation of cell cycle progression by Ikaros in leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3504. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3504
Final results of a trial comparing two neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) regimens followed by surgery in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A phase II randomized study by the European Lung Cancer Working Party.
Authors: T. Berghmans, J. Lafitte, V. Giner, M. Berchier, A. Scherpereel, M. Paesmans, A. Meert, T. Bosschaerts, N. Leclercq, J. P. Sculier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

7055 Background: (Neo)adjuvant cisplatin-based CT demonstrated its activity in improving survival in resectable NSCLC. We aimed to determine if a combination of cisplatin with second-generation drugs (GNP) and a standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy with first-generation drugs (MIP) can be performed in patients with initially resectable stage I-IIIA NSCLC, without reducing the resectability rate. Final results are presented. Methods: Patients with previously untreated pathologically proven stage I-IIIA resectable NSCLC, Karnofsky performance status ≥ 60, adequate haematological, hepatic, renal, lung and cardiac functions were eligible. After central randomisation, patients received three courses of MIP (ifosfamide 3g/m2, mitomycine 6 mg/m2, cisplatin 50 mg/m2) or GNP (gemcitabine 1g/m2 D1-8, vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 D1-8, cisplatin 50 mg/m2). The conclusion of feasibility of each regimen will be drawn if, at least, 50 patients per arm within a sample size of 67 can be completely resected (α 5%, β 20%). Results: From 2001 to 2007, 140 eligible patients were randomized, without any significant imbalance between both arms. The main characteristics were: stage I/II/III in 52, 37 and 51 pts, squamous histology in 82 pts, male 114 pts, median PS 90. All patients alive had at least a 5-years follow-up. No difference in postoperative complications was noted (p = 0.18). There were more thrombopenia with GNP (p = 0.03) and more nausea/vomiting with MIP (p = 0.03). Conclusions: The final results of this randomized study in resectable stage I-III NSCLC showed that both MIP and GNP are efficient neoadjuvant CT regimens but with different toxicity patterns. MIP GNP P No. of patients 69 71 Objective response to induction chemotherapy 60% 65% 0.55 Surgery (n pts) 59 60 0.87 Complete resection rates 77% 80% 0.62 N deaths (January 2011) 39 46 0.32 Median survival time 47.2 months 36.6 months 0.41
Cost-effectiveness analysis of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) for lung nodules
Authors: Pilar Rivera Ortega, Ángel O. Rabines Juárez, Jessica González Gutiérrez, Luis Seijo Maceiras, Javier J. Zulueta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: A minimally invasive alternative to surgery is ideal for the initial diagnostic approach in high-risk patients with suspicious pulmonary nodules.  Objectives: To determine the cost-effectiveness (C-E) of 3 strategies: ENB alone (ENBA), ENB + thoracotomy (ENBT) if this was unsuccessful, and conventional approach (CA) for the initial diagnosis of lung nodules.  Method: Decision tree modelling was used to determine the health direct costs (values in € in 2014) and effectiveness of the 3 strategies: accuracy, quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), and adverse events (AE). The perspective used was that of payer9s view. Discount rate was 0%. Time horizon was 3 months. Costs and ENB parameters were obtained from a private institutional database. Parameters of CA and health utilities were obtained from the literature and calculated by modelling.  Results: 180 patients were enrolled: age (66.5±11.2 y/o), male (70.6%), non-smokers (22.8%), suspected cancer (89.4%), use of general anaesthesia (13.3%). Initial and final diagnostic accuracy (50.6% and 81.7%, respectively), confirmed cancer diagnosis in 73.47%. Pneumothorax was the only AE (5%). Costs in € were 1756.6±237.0, 3920.8±237.0 and 4602.9±326.2 for ENBA, ENBT and CA per patient, respectively. C-E ratios per diagnosed case were 3360.8€, 4832.8€, and 4668.3€, for ENBA, ENBT and CA strategies, respectively. Also, costs per QALY were 6826.6€, 21405.6€, and 23256€, for ENBA, ENBT and CA strategies, respectively. In terms of quality of life (QOL), alternative strategies resulted in lower costs with respect to CA.  Conclusions: The introduction of ENB is a diagnostic strategy in high-risk patients that results in lower costs and increased QOL.
Expression of the CD8αβ-Heterodimer on CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus− and Human Immunodeficiency Virus+Individuals
Authors: Jörn E. Schmitz, Meryl A. Forman, Michelle A. Lifton, Orlando Concepción, Keith A. Reimann, Clyde S. Crumpacker, John F. Daley, Rebecca S. Gelman, Norman L. Letvin
Journal: Blood (1998)
Practices and beliefs concerning screening family members of patients with melanoma
Authors: Alan C. Geller, Howard K. Koh, Donald R. Miller, Robert A. Lew
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1992)

First-degree relatives of patients with melanoma are roughly two to eight times more likely than the general public to be diagnosed with melanoma. Several organizations recommend regular screening for these and other persons at high risk for melanoma. However, there are no data as to how frequently such persons receive skin cancer examinations.Our purpose was to determine the current screening recommendations and practices of dermatologists regarding family screening for melanoma.With a one-page questionnaire, we surveyed dermatologists attending a 1989 meeting of the New England Dermatological Society.Seventy-three dermatologists completed the questionnaire. Most dermatologists (70%) reported that they encouraged screening of family members of patients with melanoma but also reported that family members infrequently appeared for skin examinations.Although most dermatologists encouraged screening of first degree relatives of melanoma patients, there appears to be infrequent acceptance by the patient of these recommendations. Recording family screening in the patients' charts, reminders to patients, and distributing literature on familial melanoma may increase acceptance by the patient of these recommendations.