tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Articular Manifestations of Erythema Nodosum
Authors: L. H. Truelove
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1960)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Occupational causes are thought to account for 20% of the global burden of asthma.<sup>1</sup> The gold standard test for identifying occupational asthma is a specific inhalational challenge (SIC) to the suspected occupational agent. However, there is little published data on real life outcomes of these challenges. We present the outcome of data from such challenges collected in one UK centre. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a retrospective review of 46 consecutive SICs carried at the Occupational Lung Disease service between September 2010 and June 2019. Data was collected on demographics, occupation, OASYS score pre SIC, history of previous asthma, challenge agent tested, outcome of SIC and ongoing symptoms post SIC. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 46 SICs carried out during this period, 23 were negative, 19 were positive, 3 were equivocal and 1 test could not be completed (see figure 1). Median age of patients was 49.5yrs (IQR 42–58), 18 patients were female (39%). Fifty nine percent of SICs were carried out whilst patients were currently exposed at work. Fifty three percent of negative SICs had an OASYS score of &gt; 2.52 i.e. positive peak flow charts for work effect. The most common occupations were food industry work 11 (23%) and healthcare 9 (20%).In the positive SIC group 16% of patients had a prior history of asthma compared to none in the negative SIC group. Almost twice as many patients with negative SICs had ongoing symptoms compared to those with positive SICs (43 vs 26%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data suggests that patients with a positive SIC were more likely to have a prior history of asthma documented and even when patients have a negative SIC a high proportion have ongoing symptoms. <h3>Reference</h3> Vandenplas O, Suojalehto H, Aasen TB, Baur X, Burge PS, de Blay F, <i>et al</i>. Specific inhalation challenge in the diagnosis of occupational asthma: consensus statement. <i>The European respiratory journal</i>. 2014;43(6):1573–87.
Prophylaxis for Deep-Vein Thrombosis-Reply
Authors: Gerry Oster
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In response to Dr Emory, we acknowledge our oversight in including the same 25 patients from two independent reports of the efficacy of HDHE. We note that these 25 patients experienced a rate of DVT (16%) that was higher than the overall rate of DVT (12.4%) that we calculated for this prophylaxis. Thus, inclusion of these patients slightly increased the rate of DVT for HDHE, and thereby reduced its cost-effectiveness. The protocol for administration of HDHE that we used for costing was taken from the minimum regimen that we specified for inclusion of trial reports. We note that one trial indeed used this minimum regimen. Finally, as Dr Emory notes, HDHE has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for DVT prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery. Physicians, however, may prescribe licensed drugs for nonapproved indications, and many drugs are frequently used in this manner.<sup>1</sup>
Anti-abortionist is convicted of murder of obstetrician
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

James Kopp, 48, was found guilty on 18 March of second degree murder in the shooting of Dr Barnett Slepian, a New York state obstetrician. Dr Slepian, 52, was the last of seven people killed in attacks on abortion clinics and their staff from 1993 to 1998 ( BMJ 1998;317:1174).

Mr Kopp admitted shooting Dr Slepian in his suburban home near Buffalo, New York, on 23 October 1998. Hiding in the bushes and armed with a high powered assault rifle, Mr Kopp fired a single shot …
Interatrial-Pressure Relationships after Closure of Atrial Septal Defects in Man
Authors: ALBERT H. PEMBERTON, JOHN W. KIRKLIN, EARL H. WOOD
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Manifestations of left ventricular failure have been reported in the literature in some patients after surgical closure of atrial septal defects. The authors present their experience in their series of 85 cases and detailed hemodynamic measures in 16 patients.
MONOTONY OF SANATORIUM DIETS
Authors: Robert J. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Dec. 22, 1917, p. 2102, is an item dealing with the monotony of sanatorium diets that concerns every sanatorium superintendent who believes that the methods of his institution reduce the monotony of meals to the minimum. In the sanatorium of the Department of Health of the City of New York, food is ranked second only to medicine in the treatment of the case. Plain, wholesome food, approximating as nearly as possible home cooking in its preparation, is served. The menu is arranged to cover a period of four weeks, thus avoiding the weekly repetition of the same meals on regular days. The patient cannot prognosticate the roast beef day, the corned beef day, the lamb stew day, etc., as is the case in so many boarding houses. No restrictions are placed on the patients as to the number of helpings they shall have, and
Ambulatory gastrojejunal manometry in severe motility-like dyspepsia: lack of correlation between dysmotility, symptoms, and gastric emptying
Authors: A Wilmer, E Van Cutsem, A Andrioli, J Tack, G Coremans, J Janssens
Journal: Gut (1998)

Previous studies have failed to identify manometric patterns of gastrointestinal motor activity that can distinguish dyspepsia from health.To test the hypothesis that the combined use of prolonged, ambulatory, antrojejunal manometry and computer aided analysis in patients selected for the severity of their symptoms could reveal new insights into gastrointestinal motor activity in patients with severe motility-like dyspesia.Twenty four hour antrojejunal ambulatory manometry was performed in 14 patients and 10 healthy volunteers. Parameters characterising digestive and fasted motility were obtained by a validated computer program and visual analysis. Scoring systems quantified the degree of dysmotility as well as the severity of symptoms. Gastric emptying times were measured in each patient.There was a high prevalence of antral and jejunal dysmotility both during the interdigestive period (71% of patients) and in the postprandial period (78%). During the interdigestive period there was a reduced incidence of antral and jejunal phases, a larger contribution of phase 2 during migrating motor complex cycles, and aberrant configuration of jejunal phase 3 in 29% of patients. Postprandially, the most frequent finding was antral (29% of patients) or jejunal (29%) hypomotility or hypermotility. Minute rhythm was present both during the postprandial (29% of patients) and the interdigestive period (21%). There was no positive correlation between symptom scores, gastric half emptying times, or motility scores.Even with the use of prolonged recordings and advanced computer aided analysis, it is not possible to identify a specific motor pattern which can discriminate patients with severe motility-like dyspepsia from those with other diseases or even healthy individuals. Clinical symptoms or gastric half emptying times are poor predictors of gastrointestinal dysmotility in patients with functional dyspepsia.
The Mystical Experience as a Suicide Preventive
Authors: PAUL C. HORTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Three suicidal adolescents suffering from schizophrenic reactions developed the ability to conjure up a mystical consciousness. Directly experiencing this "oceanic" state (or just its memory) provided the patients with a reliably soothing safeguard against their overwhelming loneliness and possible suicide. Recognition by the psychiatrist of the mystical state as a transitional phenomenon points the way to the most effective therapeutic stance.
Campaigners criticise report into Camelford water poisoning
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The final report into the Camelford water poisoning incident 25 years ago, which has found that the pollution was “unlikely” to have caused long term health problems, has been dismissed as wholly inadequate by local MPs, doctors, and campaigners.

On 6 July 1988 a relief tanker driver discharged 20 tonnes of aluminium sulphate solution into the wrong tank at the Lowermoor water treatment works, subsequently contaminating water supplies to a large area of north Cornwall, including the town of Camelford. The independent Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment set up the Lowermoor subgroup in 2001 to review the potential health consequences from the incident, and its final report was published last month.1

The committee, which advises the Department of Health and other government departments, concluded that it was unlikely that the short period of increased exposure to the chemical had caused delayed or persistent harm to the health of local people. However, the report said that the data available from which the conclusions were drawn were often sparse and …
Radiographic abnormalities in carcinoma of the lung as related to histological cell type
Authors: R. B. Byrd, D. T. Carr, W. E. Miller, W. S. Payne, L. B. Woolner
Journal: Thorax (1969)

A detailed study was made of the chest radiographs of 600 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma who had had thoracotomy or intensive radiotherapy. Tumours of the various histological cell types tended to present with different radiographic patterns. Squamous-cell carcinoma was most often characterized by bronchial obstruction, often in association with a hilar mass. Squamous-cell lesions also were far more likely to show cavitation than were lesions of the other cell types. Small-cell carcinoma had a higher percentage of hilar masses than did other tumours but showed less tendency than did squamous-cell carcinoma to produce obstruction in association with the hilar mass. Adenocarcinoma most often presented as a peripheral mass as did large-cell carcinoma.
Drug Screening Using a Library of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes Reveals Disease-Specific Patterns of Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Ping Liang, Feng Lan, Andrew S. Lee, Tingyu Gong, Veronica Sanchez-Freire, Yongming Wang, Sebastian Diecke, Karim Sallam, Joshua W. Knowles, Paul J. Wang, Patricia K. Nguyen, Donald M. Bers, Robert C. Robbins, Joseph C. Wu
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Cardiotoxicity is a leading cause for drug attrition during pharmaceutical development and has resulted in numerous preventable patient deaths. Incidents of adverse cardiac drug reactions are more common in patients with preexisting heart disease than the general population. Here we generated a library of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from patients with various hereditary cardiac disorders to model differences in cardiac drug toxicity susceptibility for patients of different genetic backgrounds. Methods and Results— Action potential duration and drug-induced arrhythmia were measured at the single cell level in hiPSC-CMs derived from healthy subjects and patients with hereditary long QT syndrome, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Disease phenotypes were verified in long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy hiPSC-CMs by immunostaining and single cell patch clamp. Human embryonic stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) and the human ether-a-go-go –related gene expressing human embryonic kidney cells were used as controls. Single cell PCR confirmed expression of all cardiac ion channels in patient-specific hiPSC-CMs as well as hESC-CMs, but not in human embryonic kidney cells. Disease-specific hiPSC-CMs demonstrated increased susceptibility to known cardiotoxic drugs as measured by action potential duration and quantification of drug-induced arrhythmias such as early afterdepolarizations and delayed afterdepolarizations. Conclusions— We have recapitulated drug-induced cardiotoxicity profiles for healthy subjects, long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy patients at the single cell level for the first time. Our data indicate that healthy and diseased individuals exhibit different susceptibilities to cardiotoxic drugs and that use of disease-specific hiPSC-CMs may predict adverse drug responses more accurately than the standard human ether-a-go-go –related gene test or healthy control hiPSC-CM/hESC-CM screening assays.
Stewart William Clarke
Authors: Stephen Spiro
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer consultant physician Brompton and Royal Free Hospitals, London (b 1936; q Birmingham 1959; MD, FRCP), died from chronic neurological disease on 28 September 2005. 




Figure 1




Stewart William Clarke showed a lifetime commitment to respiratory medicine. He brought fibreoptic bronchoscopy to the United Kingdom in the early 1970s and taught a generation of chest physicians this now standard technique. His many other achievements included establishing a group at the Royal Free to study airway function and aerosol deposition in the lungs, chairing the working party of the Royal College of Physicians of London on smoking in the young, being the first president of the European Respiratory Society, and being a member of the Technical Options Committee on Aerosols under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme. He leaves a wife, Gillian; two sons; and three granddaughters.
Retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy.
Authors: V. Patel, S. Rassam, R. Newsom, J. Wiek, E. Kohner
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3>Aim</h3> To investigate whether home-based exercise with the aim of preventing aspiration pneumonia and accidental falls improves swallowing-related and physical functions in community-dwelling frail older women. <h3>Methods</h3> Participants were 266 community-dwelling frail older women in a long-term care prevention class (mean (SD): age 75 (5) years). Participants were allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. In the intervention group, participants were asked to perform, at least three times a week for 6 months, a home-based exercise programme that was specifically developed to prevent aspiration pneumonia and accidental falls. Control group participants were instructed to perform general stretching exercises only. Voluntary peak cough flow and lip closure force were measured as swallowing-related functions. Static and dynamic balance function, lower limb strength and flexibility were measured as secondary outcomes. Intervention effects were determined using t tests; effect sizes were calculated using Cohen9s d. <h3>Results</h3> Voluntary peak cough flow in the intervention group was significantly greater than in the control group (p&lt;0.01, d=0.5). However, lip closure force did not differ between groups. Regarding physical function, results of the Timed Up and Go Test (p&lt;0.05, d=0.4), Chair Stand Test (p&lt;0.01, d=0.4), maximal knee extension strength (p&lt;0.05, d=0.4), and Sit and Reach Test (p&lt;0.05, d=0.3) showed greater improvement in the intervention group. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Specifically developed home-based exercise as described in this study is simple and can be performed briefly. Improvements in voluntary peak cough flow and physical function indicate the possible usefulness of such exercise in preventing falls and aspiration pneumonia in community-dwelling frail older adults. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR): UMIN000014880.
Very pure porcine insulin in clinical practice.
Authors: A D Wright, C H Walsh, M G Fitzgerald, J M Malins
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In a one-year follow-up study the insulin dose in diabetic patients using very pure porcine insulin was compared with that in patients using conventional preparations. The dose of insulin used to obtain diabetic control was reduced by 7% in 108 patients treated solely with very pure porcine insulin from the start of insulin treatment when compared with 108 matched patients who had received conventional insulins. In 117 patients whose treatment had been changed from conventional bovine or bovine-porcine insulin to very pure porcine insulin the dose was reduced by 9%. A further 511 patients receiving conventional insulins were examined for local cutaneous or subcutaneous abnormalities at insulin injection sites. Lipoatrophy was found in 49 of these patients (10%), but not in patients using very pure porcine insulin. The results confirm that very pure porcine insulin reduces the insulin dose needed to maintain diabetic control and may resolve or prevent local reactions such as lipoatrophy. Long-term advantages in reduced antigenicity to insulin and contaminating peptides remain to be established.
Goal setting, problem solving and feedback improve short-term adherence to physical activity in people with stable heart failure
Authors: Bill Brennan, Mark R Elkins
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

▸  Tierney S, Mamas M, Woods S, et al. Heart Failure Rev , 2012;17:107–115

The prevalence of heart failure is increasing due to ageing of the population1 and improved survival of people with cardiac disease. Most people with chronic heart failure now live independently with a relatively stable disease, only presenting to tertiary centres when symptoms become severe.2

People with heart failure experience dyspnoea, fatigue and exercise intolerance. Exercise training helps to minimise these symptoms and reduce their impact on the patient's life3 ,4 by improving exercise capacity without increasing all-cause mortality. Exercise provides important benefits in health-related quality of life and may reduce heart failure-related hospital admissions.3 ,4

Health and exercise practitioners need to be aware of the exercise needs of people with stable heart failure, given the increasing numbers of these individuals living in the community and their need to undertake exercise such as cycle ergometry or brisk walking (over ground or on a treadmill). Long-term adherence to exercise is low among people with stable heart failure.5 Therefore the review by Tierney et al examined studies of interventions designed to improve long-term adherence to exercise in this population.

To synthesise the best available evidence about the effects of interventions to improve exercise adherence among people with stable heart failure.

### Searches and inclusion criteria

Six key biomedical databases were searched for appropriate studies published on or before December 2010. Searches for grey literature were conducted using Google …
Immunology and immunopathology of the male genital tract: Antisperm immunity in natural and assisted reproduction
Authors: Francesco Lombardo, Loredana Gandini, Franco Dondero, Andrea Lenzi
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2001)

Research conducted in the last 40 years has provided evidence that antisperm antibodies (ASA) can impair the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa. It is established that ASA can be present at different sites, can act against different antigens and can impair fertility in various ways. In fact, in the past it was amply demonstrated that ASA can act negatively on sperm motility and on cervical mucus penetration. In recent years, owing to the improvement and spreading of IVF techniques, it has been possible to demonstrate the effect of antibody-bound spermatozoa at the level of in-vitro gamete interaction. The literature demonstrates that the various previously used treatments for immunological infertility, i.e. medical therapy, intrauterine insemination with husband's spermatozoa (AIH) and IVF, usually had poor success. The primary choice of treatment in immunological infertility, especially in the most severe cases and when the sperm head is involved, is ICSI. ASA evaluation in all couples who undergo the various techniques of insemination or IVF is imperative.
Concussion education and awareness support group: the value of a pilot clinical program as an essential Knowledge Transfer and Exchange (KTE) strategy
Authors: Christine Provvidenza, James Kissick, Laura Purcell, Karen Johnston
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Objective To pilot test a concussion education and support workshop as a Knowledge Transfer and Exchange (KTE) intervention for enhancing knowledge and education post-concussion. Design Prospective, pre-post design to pilot test a KTE intervention. Setting Sport Concussion Clinic patients and their parents. Subjects Five concussed athletes (4 males; 1 female) ages 10–39 years (mean=29±10 years) and their parents (N=4). Intervention An education presentation based on 2008 Concussion in Sport Meeting content (Zurich, Switzerland) consisting of case studies, discussion questions and a workbook. Outcome Measures A survey was designed to examine baseline and changes in concussion knowledge and attitudes, and was administered pre and post intervention. A workshop evaluation assessed preferred learning methods and workshop satisfaction. Results Knowledge improvements regarding the return-to-play protocol (RTP; 22%), when to RTP (11%) and start rehabilitation (45%) were seen. Knowledge gaps were associated with the role of CT/MRI and protective equipment. Athletes acknowledged the seriousness of concussion and felt relief that they were not alone. The workshop was considered a successful form of peer support for the athletes and overall support for the parents. Conclusions This intervention is a potentially effective KTE strategy for optimising concussion knowledge and education post-injury, and providing support throughout the concussion recovery process. Participants indicated they wanted to learn more about recovery techniques and coping, and would like to receive information electronically. The limited sample size reinforces the need to continue examining the role of such workshops using a larger group design. Establishing online peer support and education workshops in a webinar format would be an appropriate next step. Acknowledgements Alternative Funding Program Innovation Funds, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Competing interests None.
The Enigma of Low Birth Weight and Race
Authors: Henry W. Foster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

In an article in this issue of the Journal, 1 David and Collins examine the relation of race to birth weight among blacks and whites. Their laudable but difficult undertaking is welcome. Clearly, the human and economic toll exacted by poor pregnancy outcome is enormous, and answers are needed. The authors note, and I concur, that their findings do not support the theory that racial differences in birth weight — the lower mean birth weight of black as compared with white infants — in the United States have a genetic cause. The clinical implications and the difficulties inherent in resolving this . . .
Modification of methylmercury toxicity and metabolism by selenium and vitamin E: possible mechanisms.
Authors: H E Ganther
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Selenium and vitamin E exert powerful effects in reducing acute or chronic methylmercury toxicity. Levels of selenium normally found in foods (below 1 ppm) delay the onset of toxic signs caused by much higher levels of methylmercury. Tissue levels of mercury in selenium-supplemented animals equal or exceed those found in animals given methylmercury alone. Selenium does not appear to act by simply modifying intake, absorption, excretion, or distribution of methylmercury, and direct effects of both selenium and vitamin E have been observed in vitro when methylmercury was added to cultured nervous tissue cells. The only established functions for selenium and vitamin E in animals are related to the prevention of oxidative damage in tissues. To encompass the protective effects of selenium and vitamin E and to explain other toxicological aspects of methylmercury and other alkylmetals, a new hypothesis is proposed: The toxicity of the alkylmetals is not caused soley by the intact molecule, but also involves free radicals formed by homolytic fission of the carbon-metal bond.