tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effects of COPD progression on exercise ventilatory inefficiency
Authors: J. Alberto Neder, Flavio Arbex, Maria Clara Alencar, Conor O'Donnell, Julia Cory, Katherine Webb, Denis O'Donnell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Exercise ventilatory inefficiency (i.e., increased ventilation (V9E) to carbon dioxide output (V9CO 2 )) has become an important outcome for risk stratification and prognosis evaluation in COPD. However, it remains unknown how best express this relationship among patients with marked differences in ventilatory constraints and exercise capacity. Three hundred and two COPD patients GOLD stages I to IV and 54 age- and sex-matched controls underwent an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer. The V9E-to-V9CO 2  relationship was expressed as slope and intercept or as a ratio (V9E/V9CO 2 ) at its lowest point (nadir). End-inspiratory lung volume (EILV) to total lung capacity (TLC) ratio provided an index of exercise ventilatory constraints. EILV/TLC increased as disease progressed. V9E-V9CO 2  slope and intercept were both higher in GOLD I and II patients compared to normal subjects. Consequently, V9E/V9CO 2  nadir was also higher in these patients (pl0.05). Despite even greater V9E-V9CO 2  intercepts, V9E-V9CO 2  slope progressively decreased in GOLD III and IV (intercept (mean ± SD= 7.1 ± 3.1  vs.  8.5 ± 2.5 and slope= 27.6 ± 4.8  vs.  24.1 ± 5.3, respectively; pl0.05). As a result, V9E/V9CO 2  nadir did not differ across the GOLD stages. V9E-V9CO 2  intercept was associated with higher resting and exercise-related increases in end-expiratory lung volume (r= 0.56 and 0.61, respectively; pl0.05). In conclusion, estimation of exercise ventilatory inefficiency is influenced by the strategy chosen to express the V9E-to-V9CO 2  relationship in patients with COPD. V9E-V9CO 2  intercept better captures the progressive worsening in ventilatory inefficiency as the disease evolves.
Less Than Full-time Training in surgical specialities: Consensus recommendations for flexible training by the Association of Surgeons in Training
Authors: Rhiannon L. Harries, Ciara McGoldrick, Helen Mohan, J Edward F Fitzgerald, Vimal J. Gokani
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)

Changes in lifestyle, career expectations, and working environments, alongside the feminisation of the workforce have resulted in an increased demand for Less Than Full-time Training (LTFT) within surgery. However, provision of and adequacy of flexible training remain variable. It is important that LTFT options are provided to ensure surgery is an attractive and viable career option, and can compete with other specialties to attract and retain the best candidates to maintain high standards of patient care. LTFT options should be readily available to both genders within surgical specialities. Furthermore, improved information for those considering LTFT should be available, locally, regionally and nationally. Training within LTFT posts should be tailored to the training requirements of the individual, in order to achieve the competencies necessary for completion of training. The recommendations set out in this consensus statement should inform the trainee's position and help guide discussions with respect to the provision of LTFT within surgery.
Cloning, expression and characterization of COI1 gene (AsCOI1) from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg
Authors: Yongcui Liao, Jianhe Wei, Yanhong Xu, Zheng Zhang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

Aquilaria sinensis, a kind of typically wounding-induced medicinal plant with a great economical value, is widely used in the production of traditional Chinese medicine, perfume and incense. Coronatine-insensitive protein 1 (COI1) acts as a receptor in jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway, and regulates the expression of JA-responsive genes in plant defense. However, little is known about the COI1 gene in A. sinensis. Here, based on the transcriptome data, a full-length cDNA sequence of COI1 (termed as AsCOI1) was firstly cloned by RT-PCR and rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategies. AsCOI1 is 2330 bp in length (GenBank accession No. KM189194), and contains a complete open frame (ORF) of 1839 bp. The deduced protein was composed of 612 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 68.93 kDa and an isoelectric point of 6.56, and was predicted to possess F-box and LRRs domains. Combining bioinformatics prediction with subcellular localization experiment analysis, AsCOI1 was appeared to locate in nucleus. AsCOI1 gene was highly expressed in roots and stems, the major organs of agarwood formation. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), mechanical wounding and heat stress could significantly induce the expression level of AsCOI1 gene. AsCOI1 is an early wound-responsive gene, and it likely plays some role in agarwood formation.
Evaluating the benefits of public bicycle schemes needs to be undertaken carefully
Authors: Elliot Fishman
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A letter in response to an article by David Rojas-Rueda, Audrey de Nazelle, Marko Tainio, Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen, The health risks and benefits of cycling in urban environments compared with car use: health impact assessment study. BMJ 2011;343:doi:10.1136/bmj.d4521 (Published 4 August 2011) 

This paper sets out to compare the health benefits of the Bicing scheme (Barcelona's public bicycle share scheme) with possible risks associated with increased bicycle riding. The key variables used by the researchers include physical activity, exposure to air pollution and road traffic injury. The authors rightly identify that although traffic congestion is often a major motivator behind the establishment of public bicycle share schemes (PBSS), the health benefits may well be the largest single benefit of such schemes. Certainly PBSS appear to be one of the most effective methods of increasing the number of bicycle trips across a population, providing additional transport options and improving awareness of the possibilities bicycles offer urban transport systems.

Overall, the paper is a useful addition to the literature, in that it has attempted to assess the health benefits of a large scale PBSS and weighed these against potential risks related to cyclists exposure to air pollution and road traffic injuries. Unfortunately a fundamentally flawed assumption related to the proportion of Bicing trips replacing car journeys invalidates the results of this paper. A future paper with up to date data would create a significant contribution to this emerging area within the field of sustainable transport.
Abstract 17760: Predictors of Mortality in Patients With Prior Orthotopic Cardiac Transplantation Undergoing Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Srisakul Chirakarnjanakorn, Randall C Starling, Zoran B Popovic, Brian P Griffin, Milind Y Desai
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background:  Mortality remains high following orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT), despite improvement in therapies. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a cause of death beyond first year after OHT. Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is performed to evaluate for CAV. We sought to determine predictors of long-term mortality in OHT patients undergoing DSE.   Methods:  We studied 391 patients (62±11 years, 75% male) with a prior history of OHT (performed between 1984-2011, mean duration 7.2±3.3 years), who underwent DSE between 1998-2012. Patient with submaximal heart rate response & prior revascularization (following OHT) were excluded. Baseline clinical, demographic parameters including all-cause mortality were collected. Conventional echocardiographic & DSE data were recorded. Hard events included death or re-transplantation.   Results:  Mean left ventricular ejection fraction & end-systolic dimension were 57±6% and 2.8±0.6 cm, respectively. At rest, 3% patients had ≥2+ mitral regurgitation, 29% ≥2+ tricuspid regurgitation & 10% right ventricular dysfunction, with a mean right ventricular systolic pressure of 31±8 mm Hg. On DSE, predicted maximal heart rate was 89±5%, while only 19 patients (5%) were positive for ischemia. Mean glomerular filtration rate was 62±32 mL/min. There were 36% diabetics, 82% hypertensives & 5% dyslipidemics. 23% patients had cytomegalovirus infection, 19% with persistent grade ≥ 2 cellular rejection, 3% with antibody mediated infection & 9% had non-dermatologic cancer during follow-up. During a mean follow-up of 4.7 years (interquartile range 2-8 years), 109 patients (28%) had an event (4 had a re-transplant). Results of Cox survival analysis are shown in Figure 1. Ischemia on DSE did not independently predict events.   Conclusions:  In OHT patients undergoing follow-up DSE, only GFR & appearance of non-dermatologic cancer predicted long-term events. No DSE parameters independently predicted long-term outcomes.
Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of paclitaxel following intrauterine administration of PACLIMER® microspheres in female New Zealand rabbits
Authors: Stephen K. Dordunoo, William C. Vincek, Harris C. Howland, George Liu, Nobel Nemieboka, Kenneth S. Bauer
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

3103 

Introduction: The efficacy of high-dose chemotherapy in a subset of malignancies suggests that resistance may not be absolute and laboratory studies that show that sufficiently higher doses of most antineoplastic agents overcome all mechanisms of resistance. However, higher doses in patients are associated with unacceptable toxicity which may be circumvented by targeting the drug to the diseased tissues. We have investigated the pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution of paclitaxel, an inhibitor of cell proliferation and angiogenesis, following intrauterine administration of PACLIMER® Microspheres in female New Zealand rabbits. The objective was to deliver high concentrations of the drug to the uterine tissues with low systemic levels for a prolonged period of time to optimize the therapy of cell proliferative and/or angiogenesis-dependent uterine disorders. Method: PACLIMER® microspheres containing 10% paclitaxel in a polymer, Polilactofate™, were suspended in a thermo-reversible gel and administered into the uteri of rabbits at 1, 4 or 7.5mg/kg paclitaxel dose. Plasma samples were obtained at various times up to 4 weeks. At 4 and 8 weeks post-dosing, 3 rabbits in each group were sacrificed and their uteri and other organs were harvested for paclitaxel analysis using a LC-MS-MS method. Results: Paclitaxel was detected in the plasma samples but the concentrations were not dose-dependent. The maximum plasma concentrations measured (at 24 hours) were 0.85, 1.1 and 1.0ng/mL at 1, 4 and 7.5mg/kg dose, respectively. High and dose-dependent uterine tissue concentrations of paclitaxel were observed at 4 and 8 weeks but no drug was detected in the brain, liver, and lung tissues. Up to 10,000-fold higher concentrations of paclitaxel was measured in uterine tissues compared to the plasma. For example, at 4 weeks, the mean plasma concentration for the 7.5mg/kg dose was about 0.44ng/mL while the mean uterine tissue concentration was about 5,150ng/g. The mean uterine tissue concentration at 8 weeks was 366ng/g at 7.5mg/kg dose; plasma levels were below the level of detection (0.1ng/mL). Conclusions: Instillation of PACLIMER® microspheres suspended in a thermo-reversible gel into the rabbit uterus resulted in prolonged and very high concentrations of paclitaxel in the uterine tissue and low concentrations in plasma. This study was partly funded with a 50% matching grant from the Maryland Industrial Partnerships (MIPS).
Abstract 2708: The Amazing Sinoventricular Conduction System: The Lateral, Medial and Superior Atrionodal Bundles, Proximal AV Bundle and AV Node Can Pace the SA node: The New Coincident Recording Technique - Decreasing Morbidity of Clinical Procedures
Authors: Darlene K Racker
Journal: Circulation (2009)

IINTRODUCTION: The lateral (LAB), medial (MAB) and superior (SAB) atrionodal bundles, and proximal AV bundle are part of the Sinoventricular Conduction System by their unique transmembrane (TAPs), ...
Abstract 8490: End Stage Heart Failure: Are We Missing Patients Who May Benefit from Left Ventricular Assist Device Support?
Authors: Jennifer A Cowger, Michelle Kittleson, Chetan Patel, Garrick Stewart, J Eduardo Rame, Maria Mountis, Parag Patel, Frances Johnson, Jeffrey Teuteberg, Maya Guglin, Keith D Aaronson
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is associated with tremendous morbidity and mortality and presents a significant social and financial burden to the U.S and abroad. Prior studies of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support focused mainly on inotrope requiring patients (INTERMACS levels 1-3). Given improvements in survival following LVAD implant, we hypothesize that there is a “less ill” cohort of HF patients whose estimated 1 year mortality may justify LVAD therapy. Methods: This was a prospective multicenter observational study of patients (n=150) 18-80 years of age with non-inotrope dependent, chronic (&gt;12 months) advanced HF who were not listed for cardiac transplant. All patients had an LVEF &lt;30% and either two HF admissions in 1 year or one HF admission and at least one other high risk feature (peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) &lt;55% predicted, 6-min walk (6MW) distance &lt;300 m, BNP &gt; 800 pg/mL, sodium &lt;135 mg/dL, an ER/clinic visit for IV diuretic therapy). Baseline demographics, laboratories, and functional capacity were assessed. Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM) survival estimates following medical management of HF were calculated. Lietz-Miller (LMS) and HeartMate II Risk (HMIIR) scores were then calculated for estimation of survival following LVAD therapy. Results: Mean±standard deviation patient age was 57±13 years, 71% were male, and mean HF duration was 7±5 years with a mean LVEF of 17±6%. Within 6 months, patients had a mean 2.3±1.0 HF hospitalizations and 18% had had an ICD shock. The mean BNP was 1074±1099 pg/mL and 85% and 15% were NYHA class III and IV, respectively. Mean pVO2 and 6MW values were 12.9±4.0 ml/kg min (54±35% predicted) and 251±127 m, respectively. A SHFM score &gt;1.5 (17% estimated 1-yr mortality) was present in 36%, and 7% had a score &gt;2.5 (39% estimated 1-yr mortality). Yet, HMIIR (mean score 0.28±0.51, 7% high risk) and LMS (mean score 7.9±4.7, 6% high risk) scores predicted good LVAD outcomes. Conclusion: Within referral centers, we have identified a group of HF outpatients without inotropic therapy predicted to have high mortality on medical management but low risk following LVAD. This suggests there is a sizeable cohort of ambulatory patients not currently receiving LVAD therapy who could derive benefit.
Systemic Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Infection, ‘BCGitis’, in Patients Treated by Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Adolphe Steg, Christian Leleu, Bernard Debré, Laurent Boccon-Gibod, Didier Sieard
Journal: European Urology (1989)
Community care for elderly people
Authors: B. McCormack
Journal: BMJ (1998)

For an elderly person discharged from hospital in Britain, gaining access to continuing health care is like queuing for a car parking place in a multistorey car park on a Saturday afternoon. A “one in, one out policy” operates; you can never be sure how long you will have to wait; when you do get a place it is usually furthest away from where you want to be; and, if you miscalculate your length of stay against the amount paid, you will incur a hefty fine.

This picture will sound familiar to most community practitioners, but earlier this year the Clinical Standards Advisory Group gave further credence to professional concerns and made explicit the deficiencies in the community care of older people.1Its report, Community Health Care for Elderly People, used the care of people discharged from hospital after treatment for fractured femur as a tracer condition for identifying the range, level, and quality of community health services for older …
Examining the validity of DSM-III-R schizoaffective disorder and its putative subtypes in the Roscommon Family Study
Authors: K S Kendler, M McGuire, A M Gruenberg, D Walsh
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors sought to assess whether the DSM-III-R category of schizoaffective disorder differs meaningfully from schizophrenia and affective illness in clinical features, outcome, and familial psychopathology. In addition, the authors evaluated the validity of two proposed subtyping systems for schizoaffective disorder: 1) bipolar versus depressive (based on presence or absence of a full manic syndrome in the past) and 2) good versus poor interepisode recovery.In the epidemiologically based Roscommon Family Study, index probands with diagnoses of schizophrenia or affective illness were selected from a case registry. Personal interviews were conducted with 88% of traceable, living probands and 86% of traceable, living first-degree relatives.Probands with schizoaffective disorder differed significantly from both those with schizophrenia and those with affective illness on lifetime psychotic symptoms as well as on outcome and negative symptoms assessed as follow-up. Relatives of probands with schizoaffective disorder had significantly higher rates of affective illness than relatives of schizophrenic probands and significantly higher rates of schizophrenia than relatives of probands with affective illness. Probands with bipolar and depressive schizoaffective disorder did not differ substantially with respect to psychotic symptoms, negative symptoms, outcome, or family history. Schizoaffective disorder probands with good interepisode recovery had fewer negative symptoms and a better outcome than those with poor recovery, but there were no significant differences in family history. Both the epidemiologic and family data are consistent with the hypothesis that schizoaffective disorder results from the co-occurrence of a high liability to both schizophrenia and affective illness.On the basis of the validators examined, DSM-III-R criteria for schizoaffective disorder define a syndrome that differs meaningfully from both schizophrenia and affective illness. The division of schizoaffective disorder into bipolar and depressive subtypes was, however, not validated. The separation of schizoaffective disorder into subtypes based on level of interepisode recovery defined subtypes that differed clinically but not with respect to familial psychopathology.
P0236 : Role of YAP signalling deregulation in the genetic susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis, and stemness and aggressivity of liver cancer
Authors: R.M. Pascale, G. Latte, R. Pola, L. Daino, M.A. Seddaiu, M.M. Simile, M.I. Demartis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on transient ischemia
Authors: Carl J. Pepine, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Karen Annis, Anique Ducharme, Patrick Ma, Jacques Lenis, Richard Davies, Udho Thadani, Bernard Chaitman, Harry E. Haber, S.Ben Freedman, Milton L. Pressler, Bertram Pitt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Efficacy and Mechanisms Of The mTOR Inhibitor AZD2014 Combined With L-Asparaginase Or JAK2 Inhibitor TG101348 In ALL
Authors: Yoko Tabe, Linhua Jin, Hiroko Iwanami, Hiromichi Matsushita, Saiko Kazuno, Tsutomu Fujimura, Takashi Ueno, Takashi Miida, David M. Weinstock, Deborah A. Thomas, Michael Andreeff, Marina Konopleva
Journal: Blood (2013)
Evidence of dysfunction of a prefrontal-limbic network in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral blood flow study of discordant monozygotic twins
Authors: D R Weinberger, K F Berman, R Suddath, E F Torrey
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The authors previously reported that in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia the affected twin almost invariably had a smaller anterior pes hippocampus, measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and invariably had less regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The present study was an investigation of the relationship between hippocampal pathology and prefrontal hypofunction in the same twin pairs.Nine pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia underwent MRI scanning for determination of anterior hippocampal volume and xenon-inhalation rCBF testing for determination of prefrontal physiological activation associated with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.The differences within twin pairs on the MRI and rCBF measures were strongly and selectively correlated. Specifically, the more an affected twin differed from the unaffected twin in left hippocampal volume, the more they differed in prefrontal physiological activation during the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. In the affected twins as a group, prefrontal activation was strongly related to both left and right hippocampal volume. These relationships were not found in the group of unaffected twins.This finding is consistent with the notion that schizophrenia involves pathology of and dysfunction within a widely distributed neocortical-limbic neural network that has been implicated in, among other activities, the performance of cognitive tasks requiring working memory.
Tumor-specific replicating Ad in combination with chemotherapy elicit synergistic anti-tumor effect in head & neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Joohyuk Sohn, Pyung-Hwan Kim, Joong Bae Ahn, Joo-Hang Kim, Chae-Ok Yun
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

2996 

The head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) affects an estimated 500,000 patients annually worldwide. At present, the combination therapy of chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), has been used as a standard therapy for advanced HNSCC. In our previous report, E1B 19kDa-deleted adenovirus, Ad-mTERT-Δ19, which encode the E1A gene driven by the uniquely modified m-hTERT promoter, elicited enhanced viral replication and cytopathic effects in a cancer cell-specific manner. For the aim of improving the therapeutic efficacy for HNSCC cancer, we investigated the value of different combinations of various chemotherapeutic agents combined with Ad-mTERT-Δ19. We assessed the cytotoxic activity of each combination in four different HNSCC cancer cell lines, utilizing MTT assay. The induction of apoptosis was also synergistically increased in cancer cells treated with Ad-mTERT-Δ19 and chemotherapeutic agents, demonstrated by FACS analysis and TUNEL assay. Overall, this study presents strong evidence for a synergistic effect when treatment of Ad-mTERT-Δ19 is combined with chemotherapeutic agents.
Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers
Authors: R G Sibbald, L Goodman, L Norton, D L Krasner, E A Ayello
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Pressure ulcer prevention and treatment remains a challenge for interprofessional teams in all health care sectors. Evidencebased pressure ulcer guidelines can be simplified with a bedside enabler utilizing the wound bed preparation paradigm. Key steps involve treatment of the cause, addressing patient-centered concerns, and administering local wound care (debridement, infection/ inflammation control, and moisture balance before considering advanced therapies with the edge effect). Optimal outcomes are achievable with a multi-disciplinary approach that supports patients and their circle of care, which is central to every evaluation and course of treatment decisions.