tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Color and Transmittance of Human Amniotic Membranes
Authors: R. Haux, J. Dudenhausen, H. Terstiege, E. Saling
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

Evaluation of the color of amniotic fluid during amnioscopy is influenced among other factors by the color of the amniotic membranes at the forebag and their permeability to light. In order to assess this factor objectively we determined the color and the spectral transmittance of 94 human amniotic membranes. Prior to birth 26 forebags were marked under amnioscopic control at the presenting portion with a silver nitrate pencil in order to identify this area after birth exactly and enable the composition of the layers of the amniotic membrane at the time of marking to be determined. Of the 26 labelled membranes 15 consisted only of the amnion, i.e. the chorion had ruptured prematurely. 1. The amnion transmits light better than the chorion and with the standard illuminant G shows a mainly non-saturated yellowish color. 2. Amniotic membranes which contained discolored amniotic fluid did not demonstrate a decreased transmittance when compared to amniotic membranes with clear or milky amniotic fluid; however, they were slightly discolored. 3. Amniotic membranes from premature or at term deliveries are significantly more permeable to light than membranes from overdue placentas. This result may be explained in part by the increased thickness. 4. The transmittance to light is decreased in the amniotic membranes of mothers who had undergone amnioscopy more than five times. 5. The transmittance of the amniotic membrane is inversely proportional to its thickness. Measurements for thickness were done on histologie preparations which had been fixed in glutaraldehyde in order to minimize shrinking and/or swelling. 6. Spectrophotometric measurements of samples of amniotic fluid together with amniotic membranes demonstrated that the amnion did not have a significant influence on the color of the amniotic fluid. 7. The complete membrane influences the color of the amniotic fluid more definitely. Specifically membranes with a decreased transmittance may change the color characteristic of slightly discolored amniotic fluids.
Danger of inadequate urological supervision of patients with congenital neuropathic bladder.
Authors: A M Rickwood, D J Grundy, D G Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1984)

describes how older children can help younger children's health and develop- ment.Booklet on the University of London's master of science course in mother and child health.This describes the course.The curriculum it gives may be of help to others setting up teaching programmes.Visual Communication Handbook: Denys Saunders.For those desiring to become more effective in communication.Breast Feeding in Practice: E Helsing and F Savage King.An aid to health workers to guide and support mothers in successful breast feeding.Breast Feeding, the Biological Option; Child Care in the Tropics; Care of the Newborn in Developing Countries; Practical Mother and Child Health in Developing Countries; A Handbook of Tropical Paediatrics: all by G J Ebrahim.Designed for use in small hospitals and health centres.(English Language Book Society editions.)Paediatric Practice in Developing Countries: G J Ebrahim.Continues the themes of the preceding five titles and is meant for the district officer who has to provide a comprehensive child care service for the district popu- lation.Better Child Care: Voluntary Health Association of India.Illustrated memory and teaching aid for talking with parents.The Care of Babies and Young Children in the Tropics: David Morley.Written for European mothers taking their children to hot climates.Child Health in a Changing Environment: G J Ebrahim.Intended for national planners, it seeks to establish the scientific base for primary health care.Nutrition in Mother and Child Health: G J Ebrahim.Designed for nutrition workers.
Penicillin G for Anaerobic Lung Abscess
Authors: Richard L. Ruffalo, Susan M. Garabedian-Ruffalo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1983Penicillin G for Anaerobic Lung AbscessRICHARD L. RUFFALO, PHARM, D., M.A., SUSAN M. GARABEDIAN-RUFFALO, PHARM. D.RICHARD L. RUFFALO, PHARM, D., M.A.Search for more papers by this author, SUSAN M. GARABEDIAN-RUFFALO, PHARM. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-1-125_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Levison and associates (1) show that clindamycin may be superior to penicillin for treating anaerobic lung abscess. Their results seem to conflict with those of previous retrospective studies (2, 3). The dose of parenteral penicillin G chosen, 6 million units/d was possibly insufficient. The substitution of penicillin V and dose used may have been subtherapeutic when compared to the oral dose of clindamycin selected.Recently, Edson and colleagues (4) showed that during the past 10 years the minimum inhibitory concentration for some strains of various anaerobes has been increasing and was secondary to the production of beta-lactamase....References1. LEVISONMANGURALORBER MCB. Clindamycin compared with penicillin for the treatment of anaerobic lung abscess. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:466-71. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BARTLETTGORRACH JS. Treatment of aspiration pneumonia and primary lung abscess: penicillin G vs. clindamycin. JAMA. 1975;234:935-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GOPALAKRISHNALERNER KP. Primary lung abscess. Cleve Clin Q. 1975;42:3-13. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. EDSONROSENBLATTLEEMCVEY RJDE. Recent experience with antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria: increasing resistance to penicillin. Mayo Clin Proc. 1982;57:737-41. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. KUCERSBENNETT ANM. The Use of Antibiotics. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.; 1979. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1983Volume 99, Issue 1Page: 125-126KeywordsAbscessesClindamycinLungsMinimum inhibitory concentrationPenicillinRetrospective studies Issue Published: 1 July 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hydrogel-based biomimetic environment for in vitro modulation of branching morphogenesis
Authors: Hiroyuki Miyajima, Takuya Matsumoto, Takayoshi Sakai, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Sang Hyun An, Makoto Abe, Satoshi Wakisaka, Kuen Yong Lee, Hiroshi Egusa, Satoshi Imazato
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
THREE PHASE BONE SCINTIGRAPHY - ASYMMETRIC PATTERNS IN THE UPPER EXTREMITIES OF ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS
Authors: JE Powe, AG Mattar, JP O??Donoghue, GA Hurwitz, NR Laurin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

S of the Society of Nuclear Medicine in Canada and Prairie Provinces Chapter, SNM Conjoint Meeting: PDF Only
AB0320 Patient-assessed disease activity score (PDAS) corresponds to standard disease statuses and response criteria defined by disease activity score 28 (DAS28) and clinical disease activity index (CDAI):
Authors: M.-H.A. Leung, D. Farewell, E. Choy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Patient-based disease activity score (PDAS1 [with ESR] &amp; PDAS2 [without ESR]) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are validated patient reported outcome measures of disease activity. They have been shown to correlate highly with DAS28 and CDAI, PDAS1 and PDAS2. <h3>Objectives</h3> To develop and examine the performance of status and responder criteria, based on PDAS1 and PDAS2: low, moderate and high disease activities and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) good and moderate responses to treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> Data from 299 RA patients (originally used to develop PDAS) were analysed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves to determine optimal cutpoints for PDAS1 and PDAS2 that correspond to DAS28 and CDAI defined criteria for remission, low, medium and high disease activity. Data from 56 RA patients initiated on Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) before and 6 months after treatment were used to determine optimal thresholds for PDAS1 and PDAS2 corresponding to EULAR good or moderate responses. Optimal cut-off points were obtained by maximising the average of sensitivity and specificity. Agreement with DAS28 and CDAI response criteria was assessed with kappa (κ) statistics. <h3>Results</h3> Table 1 shows criteria for PDAS1- and PDAS2-based remission, low, moderate and high disease activity. Key cutpoints for PDAS1/PDAS2 were, respectively, 3.5, 4.5, 4.8, and 3.8, 4.6, 5.0. Area under curve (AUC) for the ROC curves ranged from 0.89 to 0.95. Sensitivities ranged from 79% to 99%, and specificities from 61% to 89%. Moderate to good agreement with DAS28 categories was observed: respectively, κ =0.44 and 0.31 for PDAS1 and PDAS2. Corresponding agreements with CDAI were κ =0.3 and 0.4. Crucially, these agreements are comparable to those of CDAI and DAS28 in the same group of patients (κ =0.54). The criteria that correspond to EULAR moderate and good response were 0.4, 0.8 for PDAS1 and 0.3, 1.2 for PDAS2. Area under the ROC curve ranged from 0.88 to 0.93. Sensitivities ranged from 72% to 100% and specificities from 77% to 94%. Agreement of DAS28 response with PDAS1 and PDAS2 were κ =0.46 and 0.38, respectively. Again, these were comparable to the agreement between DAS28 and CDAI in this patient group (κ =0.55). <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have established and validated criteria for defining high, medium, and low disease activity as well as remission, good and moderate response for PDAS1 and PDAS2. They have comparable agreement and performance to standard criteria based on DAS28 and CDAI, and should facilitate the use of PDAS1 and PDAS2 in routine practice and research. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Moderate alcohol consumption has been shown previously to improve insulin sensitivity in men
Authors: G. Razay, K W Heaton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor–Stefan Kiechl and colleagues claim that their study is the first to show a relation between alcohol consumption and plasma insulin concentrations in men.1 This is untrue. Over a year ago we published data on the relation between alcohol consumption and plasma insulin and lipoprotein concentrations in a large cross sectional study of men.2

Altogether 729 men aged 40-69 (75% of a stratified random sample) were recruited from general practitioners' lists in …
Abstract 4969: Neuropilin-2 is downregulated by Snail during EMT in lung cancer
Authors: Joëlle Roche, Patrick Nasarre, Vincent Potiron, Joyce Nair-Menon, Robert Gemmill, Harry Drabkin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Neuropilins (NRP1 and NRP2) are receptors for class-3 semaphorins that are guidance molecules involved in nerve growth patterning, tissue development, immune response, angiogenesis, and cancer development. Upon semaphorin binding, neuropilins transmit signals to the co-receptor, the plexins. Interestingly, neuropilins are also receptors for VEGF. Semaphorins control cell protrusion, spreading and adhesion and can trigger migratory responses often in a repulsive manner but also attractive depending on the cellular context. We previously cloned SEMA3F, coding for a class-3 semaphorin, in the chromosome 3p21.3 region which undergoes frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in lung cancer. We further reported that levels of SEMA3F inversely correlated with tumor aggressiveness in human lung cancer and we demonstrated the tumor suppressor activity of SEMA3F in experimental xenograft models. In addition, SEMA3F is directly downregulated by ZEB1, a transcription factor involved in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recently, we found an inverse correlation between the transcription factor Snail and NRP2 expression in a panel of 19 lung cancer cell lines. Interestingly, Snail is induced during EMT and NRP2 is the best affinity receptor for SEMA3F. Data will be presented with the H358 NSCLC cell line model where Snail induction decreases NRP2 expression both at the RNA and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipation (ChIP) experiment suggests Snail direct binding to the NRP2 promoter. In addition, in lung cancer tissue microarrays, Snail and NRP2 stainings are frequently mutually exclusive. Our results suggest that loss of SEMA3F and NRP2 would trigger EMT and promote metastasis. Therefore, targeting the semaphorin/neuropilin pathway would be an interesting therapeutic approach in lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4969.
Super-sleuthing with the
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Forty-six physicians, two veterinarians, a doctor of pharmacy, and an anthropologist report July 5 to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) on Atlanta's outskirts to begin a series of experiences in epidemiology that will continue anywhere from two years to a lifetime. These six women and 44 men make up the 29th entering class of the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), a medical sleuthing organization that got its name (and a reason for its creation) from concern in the 1950s over possible biological warfare. An expanding, changing world of medical epidemiology awaits them. As James Chin, MD, California Department of Health Services, points out, "Until the last decade, most medical epidemiology by public health agencies focused on acute, infectious disease problems. Now, these efforts in many areas are expanding into long-term, chronic health problems— the kinds that long have been studied by university schools of public health." Further, says Ronald Altman,
Number of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Intratumoral Microvessel Density in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Differences in Angiogenic Status between Adenocarcinoma Histologic Subtypes
Authors: Ryo Maeda, Genichiro Ishii, Masami Ito, Tomoyuki Hishida, Junji Yoshida, Mitsuyo Nishimura, Hironori Haga, Kanji Nagai, Atsushi Ochiai
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Cell Cycle-Dependent Expression of L- and T-Type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Currents in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells in Primary Culture
Authors: Takeshi Kuga, Sei Kobayashi, Yoji Hirakawa, Hideo Kanaide, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

The expression of L- and T-type Ca 2+ channels has been reported to change during various biological events, including cellular differentiation and proliferation. The present study aimed to examine whether or not the expression of L- and T-type Ca 2+ channels depends on the cell cycle in rat aortic smooth muscle cells in primary culture. Both the phase of the cell cycle and the functional expression of Ca 2+ channels were determined in the same single cell, using an immunocytochemical analysis of cell cycle-specific nuclear antigens and a whole-cell voltage-clamp method, respectively. In the G 0 (n=130) and M (n=75) phases, all cells showed only L-type Ca 2+ currents. The cells showing a T-type Ca 2+ current appeared in the G 1 phase (37%, n=85) and increased in the S phase (90%, n=21). For L-type Ca 2+ channels, the current density was significantly greater in the G 1 phase than in the G 0 and M phases. However, either the voltage-dependent properties or the dose-response relationships of Bay K 8644- and second messenger-induced modulations of L-type Ca 2+ current did not differ in the four phases of the cell cycle. These findings thus indicate that the expression of L- and T-type Ca 2+ channels depends on the cell cycle, whereas the characteristics of L-type Ca 2+ channels do not differ between the phases of the cell cycle.
Recurrence of Hyperprolactinemia after Selective Transsphenoidal Adenomectomy in Women with Prolactinoma
Authors: Omar Serri, Eugenio Rasio, Hugues Beauregard, Jules Hardy, Maurice Somma
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

To assess the long-term prognosis for women with prolactinoma after selective transsphenoidal adenomectomy, we followed 44 patients for 6.2 +/- 1.5 years. Group 1 (28 patients) had microprolactinomas, and Group 2 (16 patients) had macroprolactinomas. After surgery, normal plasma prolactin levels, resumption of menses, and cessation of galactorrhea were observed in 24 Group 1 patients (85 per cent) and 5 Group 2 patients (31 per cent). Hyperprolactinemia recurred in 12 of the 24 Group 1 patients and in 4 of the 5 Group 2 patients after 4 +/- 1.3 and 2.5 +/- 1.6 years of remission, respectively. There was no radiologic evidence of tumor recurrence in any patient, and no relation was found between the occurrence of pregnancy after surgery and the recurrence of hyperprolactinemia. Clinical and biologic features before surgery could not predict the long-term outcome. However, the immediate postoperative level of plasma prolactin was significantly lower in patients in whom normal prolactinemia (6.4 +/- 1.1 ng per milliliter) was maintained than in those who relapsed (11.7 +/- 1.5 ng per milliliter) (P less than 0.02). We conclude that recurrence of hyperprolactinemia after successful surgery is frequent but delayed. The immediate postoperative level of plasma prolactin may be a predictive risk factor.
Assessment of jeopardized myocardium in patients with one-vessel disease.
Authors: A S Iskandrian, R Lichtenberg, B L Segal, G S Mintz, E D Mundth, A H Hakki, D Kimbiris, C E Bemis, M N Croll, S A Kane
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The size of the perfusion defect was assessed from a quantitative analysis of exercise thallium-201 images.Quantitative analysis was determined by measuring the area and the perimeter of the perfusion defect and expressing it as a percentage of the total left ventricular area or perimeter in three projections.Using this technique, we studied 50 patients with one-vessel disease of 50% or greater diameter narrowing.The planimetric and the perimetric methods correlated well (p < 0.001, r = 0.97).Of the 11 patients with less than 70% diameter narrowing, only one patient had abnormal exercise thallium-201 images.Of the remaining 39 patients with 70% or greater diameter narrowing, 35 had abnormal exercise images.The defects were larger in patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease (33 ± 10%; mean SD by perimetry) than in pa- tients with left circumflex coronary artery disease (19 ± 14%,p < 0.01) or right coronary artery disease (17 + 11%, p < 0.01).There was also significant variation in the sizes of the defects in the three projections in patients with left circumflex and right coronary artery disease, but not in patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease.Patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease with collaterals had smaller defects than their counterparts without collaterals (25 i 6% vs 40 i 8%, p < 0.001).We conclude that in patients with one-vessel disease, the quantitative size of the perfusion defects during exercise is highly variable.Patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease have larger defects than patients with left circumflex or right coronary artery disease.The significantly lower quantitative thal- lium scores in patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease and collaterals suggests that col- laterals have a protective role during exercise in these patients.
Nicorandil-induced leg ulceration
Authors: D.J. McKenna, J. Donnelly, D.K.B. Armstrong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Nicorandil‐induced leg ulceration Get access D.J. McKenna, D.J. McKenna Departments of Dermatology and Tissue Viability, Royal Hospitals Trust, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K. E‐mail: johnmckenna@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Donnelly, J. Donnelly Departments of Dermatology and Tissue Viability, Royal Hospitals Trust, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K. E‐mail: johnmckenna@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.K.B. Armstrong D.K.B. Armstrong Departments of Dermatology and Tissue Viability, Royal Hospitals Trust, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K. E‐mail: johnmckenna@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 2, 1 February 2007, Pages 394–396, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07643.x Published: 01 February 2007
Cervical cancer screening trials in India spark controversy
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A report on three clinical trials of screening for cervical cancer in India has provoked controversy, as it showed that 254 women in the unscreened groups had died of the disease. The report, published on 17 April in the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics , sparked accusations that the trials were not ethical.1

The report said that three separate randomised clinical trials of cervical screening had been conducted on Indian women since 1998 in Mumbai, Osmanabad, and Tamil Nadu, with funding from the US National Cancer Institute and from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

The trials compared rates of death from cervical cancer in women who were screened for the disease with rates in those who were not. In the trials 224 929 women were offered screening, …
Unexplained haematuria: Authors' reply
Authors: M P De Caestecker, F W Ballardie
Journal: BMJ (1991)

pathy ... lest the term delude us into thinking that we understand what is going on."If increased capillary pressure is essential for red cell extravasation then it is possible that altered blood rheology is involved.During strenuous exercise stiffening of red cells induced by catecholamine occurs, and changed renal function results in high molecular weight proteinuria'°and haematuria4 in healthy subjects.It should be noted that IgA nephropathy is associated with both a high incidence of haematuria and altered blood rheology. 10here are several published claims that phase contrast microscopy of urinary sediment can dis- tinguish cells of "glomerular" origin from those of "non-glomerular" origin, but a study of the effects on the shape of red cells when normal blood was mixed with normal and pathological urine (Simpson, unpublished data) showed that glomerular type red cells were present at two minutes and persisted for 90 minutes.Small percentages of non-glomerular cells persisted throughout the study.Thus it seems that glomerular red cells are a response to the urinary environment.Although there may be good clinical reasons for measuring the red cell content of haematuric urine, it may be more diagnostically rewarding to determine whether or not there is an associated haemorrheological abnormality.
The Costs and Underappreciated Consequences of Research Misconduct: A Case Study
Authors: Arthur M. Michalek, Alan D. Hutson, Camille P. Wicher, Donald L. Trump
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Arthur Michalek and colleagues explore the consequences of scientific misconduct and, using a single case as an illustration, estimate that direct costs can approach US$525,000, although total costs are likely to be higher.
The effects of mixed MPEG–PLA/Pluronic® copolymer micelles on the bioavailability and multidrug resistance of docetaxel
Authors: Chao-Feng Mu, Prabagar Balakrishnan, Fu-De Cui, Yong-Mei Yin, Yong-Bok Lee, Han-Gon Choi, Chul Soon Yong, Suk-Jae Chung, Chang-Koo Shim, Dae-Duk Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)