tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Advertising and Waiting Room Magazines
Authors: John A. Kibelstis
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am writing to request that physicians in general give more thought to what literature they put in their offices. It struck me as rather stupid that we physicians allow journals in our waiting rooms in which tobacco is advertised freely. I think a concerted effort on the part of physicians to eliminate smoking would be greatly helped by eliminating from waiting rooms those popular magazines that advertise and advocate the use of tobacco. Fortunately, there are many good magazines available that do not have such a policy, and they deserve our support.
Samuel Latham Mitchill (1764-1831)
Authors: Norman A. Bergman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In 1795, Samuel Latham Mitchill, MD, of New York City published a theory of contagion. He proposed that the cause of plaguelike disease was exposure to "gaseous oxide of azote" (nitrous oxide). During the course of his exposition of this theory, Mitchill presented a clear and vivid description of the effects of nitrous oxide inhalation and the resulting anesthetic state. This earliest description of nitrous oxide narcosis appears to have been overlooked. It antedates that of Humphry Davy by five years. Samuel Latham Mitchill should be accorded an important position among the pioneers of anesthesia because of this description and also because his interest in nitrous oxide was the direct stimulus for Humphry Davy's investigations, ultimately leading to introduction of anesthesia into clinical practice.
Compromised Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Low-Grade Glioma
Authors: Neil K. Aaronson, Martin J.B. Taphoorn, Jan J. Heimans, Tjeerd J. Postma, Chad M. Gundy, Guus N. Beute, Ben J. Slotman, Martin Klein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose To investigate the generic and condition-specific health-related quality of life (HRQL) of patients with low-grade glioma (LGG). Patients and Methods A total of 195 patients with LGG, which was diagnosed, on average, 5.6 years before the study, were compared with 100 patients with hematologic (non-Hodgkin's) lymphoma and chronic lymphatic leukemia cancer (NHL/CLL) and 205 general population controls who were comparable with patients with LGG at the group level for age, sex, and education (healthy controls). Generic HRQL was assessed with the Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey, and condition-specific HRQL was assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study cognitive function questionnaire and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer brain cancer module. Objective neurocognitive functioning was assessed with a standardized battery of neuropsychological tests. Results No statistically significant differences were observed between patients with LGG and patients with NHL/CLL in SF-36 scores. Patients with LGG scored significantly lower than healthy controls on six of eight scales and on the mental health component score of the SF-36. Approximately one quarter of patients with LGG reported serious neurocognitive symptoms. Female sex, epilepsy burden, and number of objectively assessed neurocognitive deficits were associated significantly with both generic and condition-specific HRQL. Clinical variables, including the time since diagnosis, tumor lateralization, extent of surgery, and radiotherapy, did not show a consistent relationship with HRQL. Conclusion Patients with LGG experienced significant problems across a broad range of HRQL domains, many of which were not condition-specific. However, the neurocognitive deficits and epilepsy that were relatively prevalent among patients with LGG were associated with negative HRQL outcomes and, thus, contributed additionally to the vulnerability of this population of patients with cancer.
ABC of diseases of liver, pancreas, and biliary system: Liver and pancreatic trauma
Authors: I J Beckingham
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The liver is the most commonly injured solid intra-abdominal organ, but injuries to the pancreas are fairly rare. The primary goal in the treatment of severe abdominal injuries is to preserve life, and management is divided into four sequential phases: resuscitation, evaluation, initial management, and definitive treatment.



Management of major abdominal trauma



Liver trauma constitutes a broad spectrum of injuries. The magnitude of the injury, the management requirements, and the complexity of the surgical repair are determined by the extent, anatomical location, and mechanism of injury. Blunt liver trauma is usually due to road traffic accidents, assaults, or falls from heights, and results in deceleration injuries with lacerations of liver tissue from shearing stresses. High velocity projectiles, close range shotgun injuries, and crushing blunt trauma cause fragmentation of the hepatic parenchyma with laceration of vessels and massive intraperitoneal haemorrhage. Penetrating injuries such as stab or gunshot wounds cause bleeding without much devitalisation of the liver parenchyma.

### Resuscitation

Resuscitation follows standard advanced trauma life support principles: maintenance of a clear airway, urgent fluid resuscitation, ventilatory and circulatory support, and control of bleeding. Effective venous access should be obtained and volume replacement started immediately. The patient's blood is grouped and crossmatched, and blood samples should be sent for urgent analysis of haemoglobin concentration, white cell count, blood gas pressures, and urea, creatinine, and electrolyte concentrations. Patients should also have a nasogastric tube and urinary catheter inserted.

#### Clinical features of serious liver injury

#### Criteria for non-operative management of liver injuries

A liver injury should be suspected in patients with evidence of blunt …
Phase I Clinical and Pharmacological Study of Cetugex, a Novel Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibody with an Optimized Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
Authors: S. de Dosso, W. Fiedler, L. Gianni, S. Cresta, H.B. Schulze-Bergkamen, L. Gurrieri, M. Salzberg, B. Dietrich, A. Danielczyk, H. Baumeister, S. Goletz, C. Sessa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Structures of the HIN Domain:DNA Complexes Reveal Ligand Binding and Activation Mechanisms of the AIM2 Inflammasome and IFI16 Receptor
Authors: Tengchuan Jin, Andrew Perry, Jiansheng Jiang, Patrick Smith, James A. Curry, Leonie Unterholzner, Zhaozhao Jiang, Gabor Horvath, Vijay A. Rathinam, Ricky W. Johnstone, Veit Hornung, Eicke Latz, Andrew G. Bowie, Katherine A. Fitzgerald, T. Sam Xiao
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Syngeneic transfer of autoimmune diabetes from diabetic NOD mice to healthy neonates. Requirement for both L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ T cells.
Authors: A Bendelac, C Carnaud, C Boitard, J F Bach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

We have developed a model of syngeneic adoptive transfer for type I diabetes mellitus of NOD mice. This model consists in injecting spleen cells from diabetic adult mice into newborn NOD recipients. 50% of recipients inoculated with 20 X 10(6) cells develop diabetes within the first 10 wk of life, at a time when none of the control littermates have yet become diabetic. The earliest successful transfers are observed at 3 wk of age, at a time when controls do not even exhibit histological changes in their pancreas. In addition we have shown that: (a) both males and females can be adoptively transferred, despite the fact that males rarely develop spontaneous diabetes in our colony; (b) diabetes transfer is a dose-dependent phenomenon that provides an in vivo assay for comparing the autoimmune potential of spleen cells from mice at various stages of their natural history; (c) the susceptibility of the recipients to the transfer is limited in time and declines after 3 wk; and (d) both L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ T cell subsets are necessary for the successful transfer. The neonatal syngeneic transfer provides an effective model for studies of the cellular events involved at regulatory and effector stages of autoimmune type I diabetes.
Evaluation of Thyopac-3 Test in the In-vitro Assessment of Thyroid Function
Authors: F. Clark, H. J. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Thyopac-3, a new commercial test kit for the in-vitro assessment of thyroid function, has been appraised in a group of 411 patients. The Thyopac-3 test was found to be simple and rapid to perform and accurate in diagnosis. Of 117 patients shown to be euthyroid by other criteria, 5% had Thyopac-3 values outside the normal range (derived from a group of 135 normal patients), and 10 of 79 thyrotoxic and 4 of 37 hypothyroid patients had values within the normal range.In a direct comparison in 190 patients with the resin uptake test the Thyopac-3 test emerged very favourably in regard to diagnostic accuracy and was technically easier and quicker to carry out. There was a non-linear negative correlation between results from the two procedures.
Suppressors in the Network of Immunity
Authors: Frederick P. Siegal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

The immune system is gradually being revealed as an incredibly complex network of interacting cells and their molecular products, which counterbalance one another and are influenced in their relative effects by contact with antigenic molecules of the external environment. According to one hypothesis,1 now supported by data obtained in an expanding array of experimental immunologic systems, antigens from the environment confront various antigen-reactive cells that pre-exist in the organism. The cells carrying receptor molecules with relatively strong affinity for a particular antigen are stimulated to undergo clonal expansion. Among the progeny of the antigen-reactive cells are B lymphocytes whose eventual . . .
Double Standards, Scientific Methods, and Epidemiologic Research
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein, Ralph I. Horwitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Because suspected noxious agents can seldom be tested experimentally in people, epidemiologic investigation of the causes of disease depends on observational procedures, of which the most prominent types are cohort and case-control studies. In these studies the compared agents cannot be assigned experimentally, but many other basic experimental principles that could be employed are often overlooked, including verification of quality and accuracy in raw data, avoidance of major biases in comparison, vigilance in checking for methodologic errors, and maintenance of a careful distinction between research data that generate hypotheses and the new data needed to test these hypotheses. The problems that result when these principles are overlooked can be alleviated if etiologic research is performed and evaluated with the same standards used in other branches of science.
Pinaverium Reduces Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in a Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Liang Zheng, Yaoliang Lai, Weimin Lu, Baiwen Li, Heng Fan, Zhixiang Yan, Changzhen Gong, Xinjian Wan, Jing Wu, Dawei Huang, Yuanyuan Wang, Yumei Mei, Zhen Li, Zhengyan Jiang, Xingxing Liu, Jingyi Ye, Yongqiang Yang, Huisuo Huang, Jun Xiao
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Diagnosis of Familial Mediterranean Fever by a Molecular Genetics Method
Authors: Shlomit Eisenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Familial Mediterranean fever is a recessively inherited disorder characterized by episodes of fever with abdominal pain, pleurisy, or arthritis. The familial Mediterranean fever gene, designated MEFV, was recently cloned, and at least three missense mutations (M680I, M694V, and V726A) that account for a large percentage of patients with this disease were identified. Objective: To establish a diagnostic test for familial Mediterranean fever. Design: Cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of patients attending familial Mediterranean fever clinics. Setting: Tertiary referral hospitals. Patients: 107 patients with familial Mediterranean fever, their family members, and controls. Measurements: Mutations in the 107 samples were assessed by amplifying genomic DNA with use of primers that selectively amplify the normal or altered DNA sequence of the 3 MEFV mutations (amplification refractory mutation system [ARMS]). Mutations were independently assessed by automated sequencing of genomic DNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the ARMS assay. Results: The ARMS assay correctly identified M680I, M694V, and V726A mutations in 82 persons with mutations documented by DNA sequencing (21 homozygotes, 2 compound heterozygotes, and 59 simple heterozygotes). Of 7 persons known from family studies to be noncarriers and 18 unrelated persons who were negative for these mutations by sequencing, none had MEFV mutations according to ARMS. Conclusion: The ARMS assay is a rapid, cost-effective, and accurate method for detecting three common mutations in familial Mediterranean fever.
Ministry of Defence accused of contravening inoculation guidelines
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Lamellar bodies (LBs) are surfactant-rich organelles in alveolar cells. LBs disassemble into a lipid-protein network that reduces surface tension and facilitates gas exchange in the alveolar cavity. Current knowledge of LB architecture is predominantly based on electron microscopy studies using disruptive sample preparation methods. We established and validated a post-correlation on-lamella cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy approach for cryo-FIB milled cells to structurally characterize and validate the identity of LBs in their unperturbed state. Using deconvolution and 3D image registration, we were able to identify fluorescently labeled membrane structures analyzed by cryo-electron tomography. In situ cryo-electron tomography of A549 cells as well as primary Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells revealed that LBs are composed of membrane sheets frequently attached to the limiting membrane through “T”-junctions. We report a so far undescribed outer membrane dome protein complex (OMDP) on the limiting membrane of LBs. Our data suggest that LB biogenesis is driven by parallel membrane sheet import and by the curvature of the limiting membrane to maximize lipid storage capacity.
The Treatment of Obesity in Adults
Authors: John W. Beasley
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Regarding the Council on Scientific Affairs<sup>1</sup>report entitled "Treatment of Obesity in Adults," three points should be made. First, there is now increasing evidence that weight loss achieved through restriction of energy intake can "prime" for future weight gain.<sup>2,3</sup> The second major issue is whether any currently available weight-loss programs are effective. The suggestion in the article that there should be "weight maintenance for at least one year following treatment" is probably inadequate. Maintenance of regulation of body weight occurs over very long periods and probably a 5-year follow-up is the minimum effective time that should be scrutinized. Finally, the conclusions of the article are inadequately supported. There is no evidence that any available "comprehensive long-term weight control program" is an<i>effective</i>treatment for obesity over a 5-year span. In my review of the literature, I have been unable to find any documentation extending for 5
Textbook of Electrocardiography
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Generations of Boston-bred physicians have enjoyed the keen intellect, common sense, and inimitable style of the inventor of the much-copied Littmann stethoscope. They will not be disappointed by this masterly electrocardiography text for which he has marshalled all these qualities. Not the least of them, the author's personal style, enlivens the effort to introduce in up-to-date fashion a vast subject that is at once theoretic and practical, quantitative and descriptive. Dr. Littmann is to be congratulated on a methodologically invaluable and totally unique feature among electrocardiography books—his blinded approach to the initial assessment of an ECG. Realizing that it is impossible to add to or subtract from the graphic data, Dr. Littmann's strict intellectual honesty has led him to reject the traditional "wisdom" of biasing the interpretation by<i>first</i>considering all other information. His approach is to fearlessly commit himself strictly on the basis of the graphic evidence and to
Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Prisoners Without Access to Insulin
Authors: Allen S. Keller
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the cause and clinical severity of diabetic ketoacidosis in male prisoners hospitalized in New York City. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective chart review. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A municipal hospital in New York City. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Forty-nine adult male prisoners with a total of 54 hospital admissions for diabetic ketoacidosis between January 1, 1989, and June 30, 1991. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Charts were reviewed for diabetic and medical history, time from arrest until hospitalization, cause of diabetic ketoacidosis, admission laboratory data, and hospital course. <h3>Results.</h3> —Thirty-eight (70%) of the 54 admissions for diabetic ketoacidosis among prisoners occurred because prisoners had not received insulin during the period immediately following arrest (mean number of days from arrest until hospitalization was 2.5). All of these individuals had a history of insulin-dependent diabetes and were reportedly compliant with their insulin regimen at the time of arrest. Admission laboratory data for this group of prisoners included a mean serum glucose level of 27.4 mmol/L (495 mg/dL) and a mean serum bicarbonate level of 14.4 mmol/L. Mean number of days in the hospital was 3.4 including a mean of 1 day in an intensive care unit. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Inadequate access to medication results in serious sequelae for recently arrested prisoners in New York City with insulin-dependent diabetes. Access to health care for recently arrested prisoners needs to be improved. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:619-621)
Increase in non-evidence based use of antidepressants in children is cause for concern
Authors: Antonio Clavenna, Maurizio Bonati, Elisa Rossi, Marisa De Rosa
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease, and 62% of patients with UC felt that it is difficult for them to live a normal life. Furthermore, some researches have shown that about 15% of patients with UC undergo at least one extreme clinical course in their lifetime, and 10%–30% of patients with UC oblige colectomy. Although many investigations have demonstrated that HBO<sub>2</sub> has a beneficial impact on UC treatment, a systematic review and meta-analysis are unavailable. Therefore, a meta-analysis is essential to assess the efficacy and safety of HBO<sub>2</sub> in treating UC. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> A systematic search plan will be performed in the following seven databases with a restriction of time from inception to September 2020 to filter the eligible studies: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) and Chinese Biomedical Database WanFang. Other related resources will be also searched. Two independent reviewers will choose eligible researches and extract data. The risk of bias will be evaluated based on Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Eventually, a systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed via the Review Manager V.5.3 statistical software and STATA V.14.0 software. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> This study will not involve the individual patient and any ethical problems since its outcomes are based on published data. Therefore, no ethical review and approval are required. We plan to publish the study in a peer-reviewed journal. <h3>PROSPERO registration number</h3> CRD42020210244.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: D. J. Ellison, O. C. Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1954)

In 1924 Moschcowitz reported the case of a patient who died following a brief illness characterized by fever, haernolytic anaemia, a bleeding tendency, and terminal neurological signs. Histological examination revealed widespread hyaline thromboses in the capillaries and terminal arterioles, Baehr et al. (1936) described fur ther cases and suggested that the thrombi were com posed of masses of agglutinated platelets. The ensuing platelet deficiency was held responsible for the haemor rhagic tendency. This theory remains unproved, but no convincing alternative has been proposed. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is the most widely accepted name for the condition, and originates from Baehr's concept. Changes in the walls of the vessels underlying the thromboses are presumed to predispose to their formation (Gore and Friedman, 1948). Symmers (1952) has added an extensive review to the limited British literature on the subject. His two cases brought the published total to 38, the majority of them American. Not all have been well substantiated. Since then fur ther cases have been described by Gendel et al. (1952), Barondess (1952), Cooper et al. (1952), and Blackman et al. (1952). The following case, which is typical clinically, is re ported because of the special histological features.
Exercise and Cardiac Death
Authors: Meyer Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As the senior author of "Instantaneous and Sudden Deaths" (225:1319, 1973), I should reply to the critical comments of both Dr. Bruce and Dr. Dodge (226:1229, 1973) concerning this article. The main thrust of our article did not concern itself with the possible injurious effects of violent exercise, but rather with the clinical and pathological differentiation of<i>instantaneous</i>from<i>sudden</i>coronary death. Both Bruce and Dodge state that we did not define the kinds of exertion preceding the deaths of our subjects. Our article reported the fatality-inducing exertions—jogging, running, and handball. Both drew conclusions from our paper that our data did not warrant. Dr. Bruce assumed that the dying subjects we studied had collapsed, as did his initial seven patients, in the immediate vicinity of a defibrillator. None of our subjects had done so. Dr. Dodge in turn stated that we implied that exercise was bad for
Abstract 3921: Fen-1 inhibition: Synthetic lethal opportunities in Rad54B-defective tumours, ALT-pathway backgrounds and beyond
Authors: Laura Johnson, Kevin Hudson, Alan Lau, Mark O'Connor, Pia Thommes, Steve T. Durant
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Flap endonuclease-1 (FEN-1) is a 5′-3’ exonuclease and a 5’ flap endonuclease, required for Okazaki fragment processing as well as for long-patch base-excision repair (BER) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). From datamining AstraZeneca's extensive GeAZR database, as well as from Oncomine searches, FEN-1 is over-expressed in lung, ovary, bladder, gastric and 5-FU-resistant cancer cell lines. Screens carried out in yeast (Saccharomyces Genome Database) reveal over 250 genes as being synthetic lethal with the yeast homolog Rad27. Recently using human model systems, FEN-1 suppression was confirmed to be synthetic lethal with the human homolog of yeast Rad54B in Rad54B-deficient colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. FEN-1 suppression has also been reported to selectively sensitise hTERT-deficient ALT (Alternative pathway for lengthening telomeres) cell lines. To gain in-house confidence in this synthetic lethal target validation approach, we have used molecular tools to test synthetic lethal opportunities in matched Rad54B-RNAi-suppressed cell lines and confirm selective sensitisation. We also intend to explore further synthetic lethal backgrounds as well as in combination with chemotherapeutic standards of care. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3921. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3921