HYPERSENSITIVITY AND RHEUMATIC FEVER
Authors: J K AIKAWA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1954)

Article1 September 1954HYPERSENSITIVITY AND RHEUMATIC FEVERJERRY K. AIKAWA, M.D.JERRY K. AIKAWA, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-41-3-576 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPART IHYPERSENSITIVITY1. Basic concepts of hypersensitivity.2. Recent studies on antigen.a. The kinetics of antigen in the body.b. Histologic localization of antigen with fluorescent antibody.c. The subcellular localization of antigen.3. Studies on antibody.a. The sites of antibody formation.b. The rôle of the plasma cell in antibody formation.4. Experimental hypersensitivity.a. Quantitative studies of the antigen-antibody reaction.b. The abnormal physiology of an in vivo antigen-antibody reaction.c. Immunophysiology.d. Pathogenesis of the histologic lesions in sensitized animals.e. The rôle of the adrenal gland.5. The Arthus and the Shwartzman phenomena....Bibliography1. von PirquetSchick CFB: Serum sickness, 1951, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore. Google Scholar2. Aikawa JK: Hypersensitivity and rheumatic fever. Part I. Part II. Relation of rheumatic fever to hypersensitivity, Ann. Int. Med. 23: 969-1000, 1945. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Boyd WC: Fundamentals of immunology, 1947, Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York. Google Scholar4. Ratner B: Allergy, anaphylaxis and immunotherapy, 1943, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. Williams RR: The relationship of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups to the antigenic power of bovine serum albumin, J. Immunol. 55: 161-168, 1947. MedlineGoogle Scholar6. McMasterKruse PDH: Behavior and persistence of azoprotein tracer antigens in mice, Federation Proc. 10: 564-567, 1951. MedlineGoogle Scholar7. LibbyMadison RLCR: Immunochemical studies with tagged proteins. I. The distribution of tobacco-mosaic virus in the mouse, J. Immunol. 55: 15-26, 1947. MedlineGoogle Scholar8. KnoxEndicott WCFC: I131 as an antigen label in the circulating serum of non-immune rabbits, J. Immunol. 65: 523-557, 1951. Google Scholar9. DixonBukantzDamminTalmage FJSCGJDW: Fate of I131 labeled bovine gamma globulin in rabbits, Federation Proc. 10: 553-557, 1951. MedlineGoogle Scholar10. CoonsCreechJonesBerliner AHHJNE: The demonstration of pneumococcal antigen in tissues by the use of fluorescent antibody, J. Immunol. 45: 159-170, 1942. Google Scholar11. CramptonHaurowitz CFF: The intracellular distribution in rabbit liver of injected antigens labelled with I131 , Science 112: 300-302, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar12. HaurowitzCramptonSowinski FCFR: Immunochemical studies with labelled antigens, Federation Proc. 10: 560-563, 1951. MedlineGoogle Scholar13. Claude A: The constitution of protoplasm, Science 97: 451-458, 1943. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar14. Haurowitz F: Biological problems and immunochemistry, Quart. Rev. Biol. 24: 93-101, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar15. Hektoen L: The influence of the x-ray on the production of antibodies, J. Infect. Dis. 17: 415-422, 1915. CrossrefGoogle Scholar16. CraddockLawrence CGJS: The effect of roentgen irradiation on antibody formation in rabbits, J. Immunol. 60: 241-254, 1948. MedlineGoogle Scholar17. JacobsonRobsonMarks LOMJEK: The effect of X radiation on antibody formation, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 75: 145-152, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar18. RanneyLondon HMIM: Antibody formation in surviving tissues, Federation Proc. 10: 562-563, 1951. MedlineGoogle Scholar19. BjornboeGormsen MH: Experimental studies on the role of plasma cells as antibody producers, Acta path. et microbiol. Scandinav. 20: 649-692, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar20. HarrisHarris TNS: Histologic evidence for the synthesis of protein in lymphocytes following parenteral injection of antigen, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 69: 18-19, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar21. EhrichDrabkinForman WEDLC: Nucleic acids and the production of antibody by plasma cells, J. Exper. Med. 90: 157-168, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar22. CoonsLeducConnolly AHEHJM: Immunohistochemical studies of antibody response in the rabbit, Federation Proc. 12: 439, 1953. Google Scholar23. FischelKabat EEEA: A quantitative study of the Arthus phenomenon induced passively in the rabbit, J. Immunol. 55: 337-343, 1947. MedlineGoogle Scholar24. Rocha e Silva M: Recent advances concerning the histamine problem, J. Allergy 15: 399-413, 1944. CrossrefGoogle Scholar25. CopenhaverNaglerGoth JHMEA: Intracellular distribution of histamine, Federation Proc. 12: 314, 1953. Google Scholar26. Mikulicich G: Electrocardiographic changes in experimental anaphylactic reactions, J. Allergy 22: 249-263, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar27. AikawaHarrell JKGT: The immunophysiology of serum sickness, J. Clin. Investigation 30: 360-368, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar28. AikawaYountHarrellJennings JKEHGTTM: Immunophysiology of serum sickness, J. Allergy 22: 508-517, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar29. AikawaRhoades JKEL: Immunophysiology of immune reactions, J. Allergy 23: 123-129, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar30. AikawaRhoades JKEL: Immunophysiology. Increase in radiosodium space of adrenal glands in rabbits sensitized with human plasma, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 79: 233-235, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar31. Aikawa JK: Unpublished data. Google Scholar32. RichGregory AEJ: The experimental demonstration that periarteritis nodosa is a manifestation of hypersensitivity, Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 72: 65-88, 1943. Google Scholar33. MoreWaughKobernick RHDSD: Cardiac lesions produced in rabbits by massive injections of bovine serum gamma globulin, J. Exper. Med. 89: 555-560, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar34. WisslerSmullLesh RWKJB: The effects of various horse serum fractions in producing cardiovascular and renal lesions in rabbits, J. Exper. Med. 90: 577-594, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar35. MoreMcLean RHCR: Lesions of hypersensitivity induced in rabbits by massive injections of horse serum, Am. J. Path. 25: 413-445, 1949. MedlineGoogle Scholar36. EhrichSeifterForman WEJEC: Experimental serum disease. A pathogenetic study, J. Exper. Med. 89: 23-36, 1948. CrossrefGoogle Scholar37. KyserMcCarterStengle FAJCJ: The effect of antihistamine drugs upon serum-induced myocarditis in rabbits, J. Lab. and Clin. Med. 32: 379-386, 1947. MedlineGoogle Scholar38. KirschnerHowie LJB: Rheumatic-like lesions in the heart of the rabbit experimentally induced by repeated inoculation with haemolytic streptococci, J. Path. and Bact. 64: 367-377, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar39. MooreLowenthalFullerJaques DFJMLB: Inhibition of experimental arteritis by cortisone, salicylate and related compounds, Am. J. Clin. Path. 22: 936-943, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar40. SchwabMollHallBreanKirkHawnJaneway LFCTHMCVCA: Experimental hypersensitivity in the rabbit, J. Exper. Med. 91: 505-526, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar41. BukantzDamminWilsonJohnsonAlexander SCGJKSMCHL: Inhibitory effect of nitrogen mustard on lesions of experimental serum hypersensitiveness, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 72: 21-26, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar42. MurphySwift GEHF: The induction of rheumatic-like cardiac lesions in rabbits with repeated focal infections with group A streptococci, J. Exper. Med. 89: 485-498, 1949. CrossrefGoogle Scholar43. MurphySwift GEHF: Induction of cardiac lesions, closely resembling those of rheumatic fever, in rabbits following repeated skin infections with group A streptococci, J. Exper. Med. 89: 687-698, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar44. Robinson JJ: Attempts to produce rheumatic carditis in laboratory animals by means of streptococcic injury, Arch. Path. 51: 602-616, 1951. Google Scholar45. Fischel E: Hypersensitivity and the hyperadrenal state, in Connective tissues, 1952, Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, New York. Google Scholar46. GermuthOttinger FGB: Effect of 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone (Compound E) and of ACTH on Arthus reaction and antibody formation in the rabbit, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 74: 815-823, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar47. FischelStoerkBjornboe EEHCM: Failure of cortisone to affect rate of disappearance of antibody protein, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 77: 111-114, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar48. MarshallFriedberg LMF: Effect of ACTH on the incorporation of C14 of glycine in tissue proteins, Endocrinology 48: 113-114, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar49. StollermanRubinPlotz GHSJCM: Effect of cortisone on passively induced skin hypersensitivity in man, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 76: 261-265, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar50. LegerLeithRose JWB: Effect of adrenocorticotrophic hormone on anaphylaxis in the guinea pig, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 69: 465-467, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar51. HarrisHarris STN: Effect of cortisone on some reactions of hypersensitivity in laboratory animals, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 74: 186-189, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar52. Ragan C: The effect of ACTH and cortisone on connective tissue, Bull. New York Acad. Med. 26: 251-260, 1950. MedlineGoogle Scholar53. KabatWolfBezer EAAAE: Studies on acute disseminated encephalomyelitis produced experimentally in rhesus monkeys. VII. The effect of cortisone, J. Immunol. 68: 265-275, 1952. MedlineGoogle Scholar54. SeifterEhrichBeganyWarren JWEAJGH: Effects of cortisone, hyaluronidase, desoxycorticosterone, and artisone on experimental serum disease in rabbits, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 75: 337-342, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar55. SeifterBaederBegany JDHAJ: Influence of hyaluronidase and steroids in permeability of synovial membrane, Proc. Soc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 72: 277-282, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar56. Opsahl JC: The role of certain steroids in the adrenal-hyaluronidase relationship, Yale J. Biol. and Med. 22: 115-121, 1949. MedlineGoogle Scholar57. BerthrongRichGriffith MARPC: A study of the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) upon the experimental cardiovascular lesions produced by anaphylactic hypersensitivity, Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 86: 131-140, 1950. Google Scholar58. GermuthNedzelOttingerOyama FGGABJ: Anatomic and histologic changes in rabbits with experimental hypersensitivity treated with compound E and ACTH, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 76: 177-182, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar59. GermuthOyamaOttinger FGJB: The mechanism of action of 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone (Compound E) and of the adrenocorticotropic hormone in experimental hypersensitivity in rabbits, J. Exper. Med. 94: 139-170, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar60. ThomasStetson LCA: Studies on the mechanism of the Shwartzman phenomenon, J. Exper. Med. 89: 461-477, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar61. Stetson CA: The occurrence of leucocyte-platelet thrombosis in rheumatic carditis, J. Exper. Med. 94: 493-499, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar62. Cavelti PA: Autoantibodies in rheumatic fever, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 60: 379-381, 1945. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar63. FischelPauli EERH: Serological studies in rheumatic fever. I. The "phase" reaction and the detection of autoantibodies in the rheumatic state, J. Exper. Med. 89: 669-680, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar64. PressmanKeighley DG: The zone of activity of antibodies as determined by the use of radioactive tracers; the zone of activity of nephritoxic antikidney serum, J. Immunol. 59: 141-146, 1947. Google Scholar65. PressmanEisen DHN: Specific localization of anti-rat-lung serum in the lung, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 73: 143-146, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar66. Haig-Brown C: Tonsillitis in adolescents, 1886, Bailliere, Tindal and Cox, London. Google Scholar67. Coburn AF: The factor of infection in the rheumatic state, 1931, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. Google Scholar68. RantzBoisvertSpink LAPJWW: Etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatic fever, Arch. Int. Med. 76: 131-138, 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar69. RammelkampDennyWannamaker CHFWLH: Studies on the epidemiology of rheumatic fever in the armed services, in Rheumatic fever, 1952, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 72-89. Google Scholar70. Lancefield RC: A serological differentiation of human and other groups of hemolytic streptococci, J. Exper. Med. 57: 571-595, 1933. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar71. Griffith F: The serological classification of Streptococcus pyogenes , J. Hyg. 34: 542-584, 1934. MedlineGoogle Scholar72. Swift HF: The streptococci, Chapter 11 in Dubos, R. J.: Bacterial and mycotic infections of man, 1952, J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, pp. 265-323. Google Scholar73. Todd EW: Antigenic streptococcal hemolysin, J. Exper. Med. 55: 267-280, 1932. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar74. Longcope WT: Studies in the variations in the antistreptolysin titre of the blood serum from patients with hemotrophic nephritis, J. Clin. Investigation 15: 269-275, 1936. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar75. TaranJablonWeyr LMJMHN: Immunologic studies in rheumatic fever; cutaneous response to type-specific proteins of hemolytic streptococcus; response to combinations of "M" proteins from selected types of hemolytic streptococci, J. Immunol. 49: 209-222, 1944. Google Scholar76. MoteJones JRTD: Studies of hemolytic streptococcal antibodies in control groups, rheumatic fever, and rheumatoid arthritis, J. Immunol. 41: 61-85, 1941. Google Scholar77. QuinnLiao RWSJ: A comparative study of antihyaluronidase, antistreptolysin "O," antistreptokinase, and streptococcal agglutination titers in patients with rheumatic fever, acute hemolytic streptococcal infections, rheumatoid arthritis and non-rheumatoid forms of arthritis, J. Clin. Investigation 29: 1156-1166, 1950. MedlineGoogle Scholar78. Windblad S: Studies in hemolytic streptococcus fibrinolysin, antifibrinolysin and antistreptolysin with particular reference to rheumatic fever, Acta. path. et microbiol. Scandinav. Supp. 44: 1-299, 1941. Google Scholar79. RothbardWatsonSwiftWilson SRRHFAT: Bacteriologic and immunologic studies on patients with hemolytic streptococcus infections as related to rheumatic fever, Arch. Int. Med. 82: 229-250, 1948. CrossrefGoogle Scholar80. CoburnMoore AFLV: The prophylactic use of sulfanilamide in streptococcal respiratory infections, with especial reference to rheumatic fever, J. Clin. Investigation 18: 147-155, 1939. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar81. ThomasFrance CBR: A preliminary report of the prophylactic use of sulfanilamide in patients susceptible to rheumatic fever, Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 64: 67-77, 1939. Google Scholar82. Hodges RG: The use of sulfadiazine as a prophylactic against respiratory disease, New England J. Med. 231: 817-820, 1944. CrossrefGoogle Scholar83. CoburnYoung AFDC: The epidemiology of hemolytic streptococcus, 1949, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. Google Scholar84. Burke PJ: Penicillin prophylaxis in acute rheumatism, Lancet 1: 255-256, 1947. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar85. RammelkampHouserHahnWannamakerDennyEckhardt CHHBEOLWFWGC: The prevention of rheumatic fever, in Rheumatic fever, edited by Lewis Thomas, 1952, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 304-315. Google Scholar86. WannamakerRammelkampDennyBrinkHouserHahnDingle LWCHFWWRHBEOJH: Prophylaxis of acute rheumatic fever by treatment of the preceding streptococcal infection with various amounts of depot penicillin, Am. J. Med. 10: 673-695, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar87. DennyWannamakerBrinkRammelkampCuster FWLWWRCHHA: Prevention of rheumatic fever. Treatment of the preceding streptococcic infection, J. A. M. A. 143: 151-153, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar88. KilbourneLoge EDJP: The comparative effects of continuous and intermittent penicillin therapy in the formation of antistreptolysin in hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, J. Clin. Investigation 27: 418-424, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar89. AndersonKunkelMcCarty HCHGM: Quantitative antistreptokinase studies in patients infected with group A hemolytic streptococci. A comparison with serum antistreptolysin and gamma globulin levels with especial reference to the occurrence of rheumatic fever, J. Clin. Investigation 27: 425-434, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar90. DennyWannamakerHahn FWLWEO: Comparative effects of penicillin, Aureomycin and Terramycin on streptococcal tonsillitis and pharyngitis, Pediatrics 11: 7-14, 1953. MedlineGoogle Scholar91. WilsonSchweitzer MGMD: Rheumatic fever as a familial disease, J. Clin. Investigation 16: 555-570, 1937. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar92. PerryHahnRammelkamp WPEOCH: Antibody production and relation to rheumatic fever, Clinical Research Proc. 1: 4, 1953. Google Scholar93. MillerKibrickMassell JMSBF: Antibody response to nonstreptococcal antigens as related to rheumatic fever susceptibility, J. Clin. Investigation 32: 691-695, 1953. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar94. QuinnSeastoneDickie RWCVHA: Antibody production and tuberculin sensitivity in individuals with a history of rheumatic fever, J. Immunol. 70: 493-496, 1953. MedlineGoogle Scholar95. FinkQuinn MAVA: Antibody production in inbred strains of mice, J. Immunol. 70: 61-68, 1953. MedlineGoogle Scholar96. Swift HF: The action of sodium salicylate upon the formation of immune bodies, J. Exper. Med. 36: 735-760, 1922. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar97. Swift HF: Rheumatic fever, Am. J. M. Sc. 170: 631-647, 1925. CrossrefGoogle Scholar98. CoburnMoore AFLV: Salicylate prophylaxis in rheumatic fever, J. Pediat. 21: 180-183, 1942. CrossrefGoogle Scholar99. CoburnKapp AFEM: The effect of salicylate on the precipitation of antigen with antibody, J. Exper. Med. 77: 173-183, 1943. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar100. Coburn AF: Salicylate therapy in rheumatic fever; rational technique, Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 73: 435-464, 1943. Google Scholar101. Harris TN: The failure of massive salicylate therapy to suppress the inflammatory reaction in rheumatic fever, Am. J. M. Sc. 213: 482-487, 1947. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar102. KelemenMajorosIvanyiKovacs EMJK: Salicylates, stress and cortisone, Experientia 6: 1-4, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar103. CronheimKingHyder GJSN: Effect of salicylic acid on adrenal pituitary system. II. Influence of amino acids and other compounds, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 82: 109-111, 1953. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar104. Reid J: Does salicylate cure rheumatic fever, Quart. J. Med. 66: 139-151, 1948. Google Scholar105. ReidWatsonSproull JRDDH: The mode of action of salicylate in acute rheumatic fever, 19: 1-19, 1950. Google Scholar106. Aikawa JK: The cell membrane defect in acute rheumatic fever, North Carolina M. J. 13: 330-331, 1952. MedlineGoogle Scholar107. Aikawa JK: Comparison of the thiocyanate and radiosodium spaces in disease states, Am. J. M. Sc. 224: 632-637, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar108. HarrellAikawa GTJK: Alterations in the permeability of membranes during infections, J. A. M. A. 147: 232-238, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar109. GoodCampbell RAB: Relationship of bone marrow plasmacytosis to the changes in serum gamma globulin in rheumatic fever, Am. J. Med. 9: 330-342, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar110. Kolouch F: Origin of the bone marrow plasma cell associated with allergic and immune states of rabbits, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 39: 147-148, 1938. CrossrefGoogle Scholar111. KolouchGoodCampbell FRAB: The reticuloendothelial origin of bone marrow plasma cells in hypersensitive states, J. Lab. and Clin. Med. 32: 749-755, 1947. MedlineGoogle Scholar112. HenchSlocumbBarnesSmithPolleyKendall PSCHARHLHFEC: The effects of the adrenal cortical hormone 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone (compound E) on the acute phase of rheumatic fever, Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 27: 277-297, 1949. Google Scholar113. MassellWarrenSturgis BFJEGP: Observations on effects of ACTH in patients with rheumatic fever and rheumatic carditis, in Proceedings of the First Clinical ACTH Conference, 1950, Blakiston Co., Philadelphia. Google Scholar114. MassellWarrenSturgisHallCraige BFJEGPBE: The clinical response of rheumatic fever and acute carditis to ACTH, New England J. Med. 242: 641-647, 692-698, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar115. ThornBaylesMassellForshamHillSmithWarren GWTBBFPHRSSJE: Studies on the relation of pituitary-adrenal function to rheumatic disease, New England J. Med. 241: 529-537, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar116. MakeilHargis SBJ: The effect of ACTH and cortisone on the quantitative precipitin reaction, J. Immunol. 69: 217-221, 1952. MedlineGoogle Scholar117. Clark I: The effect of cortisone upon protein synthesis, J. Biol. Chem. 200: 69-75, 1953. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar118. Stavitsky AB: The influence of adrenal cortical extract on immunological phenomena in vivo, J. Immunol. 69: 63-74, 1952. MedlineGoogle Scholar119. Aikawa JK: Effects of cortisone on fluid and electrolyte balance in normal rabbits, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 82: 105-109, 1953. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar120. KroopSlater IGSR: Endogenous water shift producing congestive failure in cortisone treated rheumatic carditis, Clinical Research Proc. 1: 54, 1953. Google Scholar121. SchneiderHogeboom WCGH: Cytochemical studies of mammalian tissues: the isolation of cell components by differential centrifugation: a review, Cancer Research 11: 1-22, 1951. MedlineGoogle Scholar122. Robinson JR: The active transport of water in the living systems, Biol. Rev. of Cambridge Philosoph. Soc. 28: 158-195, 1953. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Denver, Colorado*Received for publication December 22, 1953.From the Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver.Investigations which form the basis for some of this paper were supported in part by grants-in-aid from the American Heart Association and in part by a contract between the Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest College, Winston-Salem, N. C., and the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byExperimental studies in rheumatic feverErkrankungen des EndokardHerz- und Kreislaufstörungen bei InfektionskrankheitenHerz- und Kreislaufstörungen bei InfektionskrankheitenEtiology and pathogenesis of syndromes associated with periarteritis nodosa lesionsRHEUMATISM AND ARTHRITIS: REVIEW OF AMERICAN AND ENGLISH LITERATURE OF RECENT YEARS (TWELFTH RHEUMATISM REVIEW)* Part IICHARLEY J. SMYTH, M.D., F.A.C.P., JOSEPH J. BUNIM, M.D., F.A.C.P., WILLIAM S. CLARK, M.D., F.A.C.P., DARRELL C. CRAIN, M.D., F.A.C.P., FELIX E. DEMARTINI, M.D., IVAN F. DUFF, M.D., F.A.C.P., EPHRAIM P. ENGLEMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P., DONALD C. GRAHAM, M.D., F.R.C.P. (C), MAX M. MONTGOMERY, M.D., F.A.C.P., BERNARD M. NORCROSS, M.D., F.A.C.P., HOWARD F. POLLEY, MARIAN W. ROPES, M.D., F.A.C.P., EDWARD F. ROSENBERG, M.D., F.A.C.P.Epidemiology of rheumatic feverThe Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatic FeverPathophysiology of Rheumatic FeverIncidence of Rheumatic Fever in Relation to Immunologic ReactivityCurrent pediatric references 1 September 1954Volume 41, Issue 3Page: 576-604KeywordsAdrenal glandsAntibody responseAntigensHeartHypersensitivityLesionsPathogenesisPlasma cellsRheumatic fever ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1954 PDF downloadLoading ...