tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Salmeterol on Markers of Airway Inflammation Following Segmental Allergen Challenge
Authors: WILLIAM J. CALHOUN, KIMBERLEY L. HINTON, JENNIFER J. KRATZENBERG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Inflammation is a critical component of asthma. Drugs that control asthma generally reduce the degree of airway inflammation. There is theoretical controversy surrounding the effects of β2-agonists on airway inflammation, with some studies suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect, and others predicting a proinflammatory influence. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the effect of the long-acting β2-agonist salmeterol on airway inflammation induced by segmental allergen challenge (SAC). We studied 13 allergic asthmatics controlled with as needed inhaled short-acting β2-agonists alone, and used bronchoalveolar lavage 5 min and 48 h after SAC to assess airway inflammation, and the effects of salmeterol on this process. Salmeterol therapy improved FEV1, but had no significant effect on the immediate or late cellular response to SAC. One measure of superoxide production was reduced, and interleukin-4 (IL-4) was reduced in baseline samples, but other indices of airway inflammation were unchanged by salmeterol therapy. We conclude that salmeterol therapy alone does not meaningfully reduce airway inflammation induced by SAC, but equally importantly, does not result in amplified inflammation.
Socioeconomic inequalities in indicator scores for diabetes: poor quality or poor measures?
Authors: P G Shekelle
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Hippisley-Cox et al report on scores for quality indicators for diabetes among a large number of UK patients and practices and how these vary depending on sex, ethnicity, and material deprivation. 1 For many of the indicators, scores were worse for women and worse in practices with a high proportion of ethnic patients and those with high levels of material deprivation.This revelation of worse measures of care for women, poor people,
Complete resolution of gastric amyloidosis after autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: D. Cherian, K. Braun, N. Flomenberg, J. Palazzo, D. Kastenberg
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 48-year-old woman with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis presented with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding 1 week after autologous stem cell transplantation (autologous-SCT). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) demonstrated necrotic, purple, pigmented, friable lesions throughout the stomach ([Fig. 1 ] a), along with a bleeding ulcer in the cardia containing a central pigmented lesion ([Fig. 1 ] b; [Video 1]) which was successfully treated with epinephrine (1 : 10 000) injections. Biopsies demonstrated nodular amyloid deposition ([Fig. 2]) which was Congo-red-positive. The patient had no further hematemesis and was discharged home 4 days later. Ten months after autologous-SCT, EGD revealed a normal stomach ([Fig. 3]; [Video 2]) with no histologic evidence of amyloid.
Presence of N-acyl and acetoxy derivatives of putrescine and cadaverine in the human gut.
Authors: K E Murray, K J Shaw, R F Adams, P L Conway
Journal: Gut (1993)

N-acyl and acetoxy derivatives of putrescine and cadaverine have been found in the faeces of children and in cultures of isolates of gut bacteria. The evidence was accumulated from two dimensional, thin layer chromatography, field desorption mass spectrometry, and accurate mass measurement of the DANS derivatives of the amines. The acetoxy compounds of putrescine and cadaverine have not previously been reported.
Does an impaired adenosine mediated feedback control play a role in the development of hereditary dystrophic cardiomyopathy?
Authors: M. BOHM, U. MENDE, W. SCHMITZ, H. SCHOLZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Journal Article Does an impaired adenosine mediated feedback control play a role in the development of hereditary dystrophic cardiomyopathy? Get access MICHAEL BÖHM, MICHAEL BÖHM From the Institute of Pharmacology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ULRIKE MENDE, ULRIKE MENDE From the Institute of Pharmacology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar WILHELM SCHMITZ, WILHELM SCHMITZ From the Institute of Pharmacology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HASSO SCHOLZ HASSO SCHOLZ From the Institute of Pharmacology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 20, Issue 8, August 1986, Pages 568–573, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/20.8.568 Published: 01 August 1986
Striped Nails after Kidney Transplant
Authors: MORTON LINDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Brief Reports1 June 1978Striped Nails after Kidney TransplantMORTON LINDER, M. D., F.A.C.P.MORTON LINDER, M. D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-6-809_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAbnormalities in fingernail pigmentation were first reported in 1900 in the United States and soon after in England, the latter in association with arsenical beer poisoning (1). Since then, other conditions associated with nail pigmentation defects have included thallium poisoning, psoriasis, leprosy, fluorosis, trichiniasis, malaria, cardiac insufficiency, zinc deficiency, cancer chemotherapy (not with azathioprim), and one case of myocardial infarction (2-4). However, the association of striped nails or transverse striate leukonychia with renal disease has heretofore been described only when accompanied by hypoalbuminemia. In all such cases, with and without the nephrotic syndrome, the serum albumin level was below 2.2...References1. THOMAS H:Transverse bands in fingernails. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 115:238-244, 1964 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. JENKINS R: Reynolds, Aldrich, or Mees? A consideration of transverse striate leukonychia. Am J Med Sci 246:707-709, 1963 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. NIXON D: Alterations in nail pigment with cancer chemotherapy. Arch Intern Med 136:1117-1118, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. URBACH E: White cross striae of the fingernails following cardiac infarction. Arch Dermatol Syphiloh:101 52:106-107, 1945 CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. MUEHRCKE R: Fingernails in hypo-albuminemia. Br Med J 1:1327-1328, 1956 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Kisco, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNail abnormalities associated with systemic pathologiesPhysical SignsThe Nail in Systemic DiseaseNonmalignant and Malignant Skin Lesions in Renal Transplant PatientsLeukonychia.Transverse striate leukonychia associated with acute rejection of renal allograftDermatologic Disorders Associated with Chronic Renal FailureCutaneous Associations of Chronic Renal Failure and Dialysis 1 June 1978Volume 88, Issue 6Page: 809-809KeywordsCancer chemotherapyLeprosyMalariaMyocardial infarctionPsoriasisRenal diseasesRenal transplantationSerum albuminThalliumZinc Issue Published: 1 June 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
INCIDENCE OF HEART DISEASE IN MASS X-RAY SURVEYS
Authors: Bernard Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1952)

At the present time no satisfactory figures are available concerning the incidence of heart disease noted in mass roentgenographic surveys of the chest conducted throughout the nation. In order that information on this subject might be secured a pilot project was started in 1949.  Maclean and Rogen of Glasgow reported data on such a survey, but their patients were in the younger age groups. 1 The report by West 2 did not include actual measurements of heart size. Edward's report 3 dealt with a predominantly Negro population, and no definite heart measurements were recorded. Many other reports were noted in the literature, but no accurate data in regard to heart disease were recorded.  METHODS AND MATERIAL  The present report was made possible when the Cincinnati Antituberculosis League and the Cincinnati Health Department made examinations of the chest x-rays of 10,549 persons in the early part of 1949. There were 486
The mechanism of action of a single dose of methylprednisolone on acute inflammation in vivo.
Authors: S L Wiener, R Wiener, M Urivetzky, S Shafer, H D Isenberg, C Janov, E Meilman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

A model system for the study of inflammation in vivo has been developed using the 16-h polyvinyl sponge implant in the rat. This system allows for simultaneous measurement of in vivo chemotaxis, volume of fluid influx, and fluid concentrations of lysosomal and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes. In addition, the enzyme content of inflammatory fluid neutrophils may also be determined. A parallel time course of neutrophil and lysosomal enzyme influx into sponge implants was observed. This was characterized by an initial lag phase and a rapid increase between 5 and 16 h. The origin of supernatant LDH and lysosomal enzymes was studied with anti-neutrophil serum to produce agranulocytic rats. Inflammatory fluid in these rats was almost acellular and contained decreased concentrations of beta glucuronidase (-96%) and LDH (-74%). In control rats all of the supernatant beta glucuronidase could be accounted for by cell death and lysis, as estimated from measurements of soluble DNA. Only 15-20% of the LDH activity could be accounted for on the basis of cell lysis. The remainder was derived from neutrophil-mediated injury to connective tissue cells. Large intravascular doses of methylprednisolone markedly inhibited neutrophil influx into sponges and adjacent connective tissue. Secondary to decreased neutrophil influx, fewer neutrophils were available for lysis, and lysosomal enzyme levels in inflammatory fluid decreased. No evidence for intracellular or extracellular stabilization of neutrophil lysosomal granules by methylprenisolone was found.
Rx for nurse-practitioner—physician teams
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A 24-year-old man comes to a clinic staffed by a nurse-practitioner. His history is that of abdominal pain, but numerous upper gastrointestinal and barium enema examinations all have yielded negative results. He smokes heavily and probably does not take the antacids that have been prescribed for him. Should the nurse-practitioner treat this patient, or should he be referred to the physician with whom the nurse-practitioner works? More important, would the two health care practitioners agree on which one could more effectively treat this patient? As thousands of newly trained nurse-practitioners enter the health care system in the next few years, nurse-practitioner-physician teams will not be uncommon. Such teams may offer improved patient care by combining what should be complementary attitudes and skills. "Research has shown," says Robert Fletcher, MD, "that physicians are more disease-oriented, while nurses concentrate more on psychological and social components of disease." Do these traditionally perceived roles
Bacteriuria and Mortality in an Elderly Population
Authors: Gunnar R. Nordenstam, C. Åke Brandberg, Anders S. Odén, Catharina M. Svanborg Edén, Alvar Svanborg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Bacteriuria detected in the screening of adult and elderly populations has been associated with an increased mortality rate, but it is not clear whether the increase is a result of the bacteriuria itself or of differences in age, concomitant disease, or both. We screened a representative sample of the elderly population of Göteborg, Sweden (n = 1966), for bacteriuria. The mean (+/- SD) age at the time of screening was 70 years +/- 2 months. The five-year mortality among women with bacteriuria was 13.4 percent, whereas that among women without bacteriuria was 9.4 percent. The nine-year mortality in the two groups of women was 23.9 and 23.3 percent, respectively (P not significant). When the women with indwelling catheters were excluded from the analysis, the five-year mortality was 9.0 and 9.2 percent, respectively. Men with bacteriuria had an increased frequency of cancer (27.3 vs. 5.8 percent at age 70; P less than 0.002) and a higher five-year mortality than the other men; however, among the men with bacteriuria but not cancer the mortality was not increased. We conclude that fatal diseases associated with bacteriuria may account for the increase in mortality among elderly patients with bacteriuria.
Costs and Benefits of Lead Screening
Authors: Robert H. Pantell
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Because even low levels of lead may affect children's cognition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<sup>1</sup>in 1991 recommended universal lead screening despite a lack of convincing evidence that children with abnormal levels would benefit from interventions. The studies by Ruff et al<sup>2</sup>and Weitzman et al<sup>3</sup>addressed whether a decline in blood lead levels is associated with improved cognitive function and whether lead abatement decreases blood lead levels. The data from these important contributions, however, support neither the conclusion of the Editorial by Drs Binder and Matte<sup>4</sup>nor current policies of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<sup>1</sup>and the American Academy of Pediatrics for mass screening. The benefits of intervention after case detection appear minimal and the cost immense. Ruff et al<sup>2</sup>found that among children with blood lead levels higher than 1.21 μmol/L (25 μg/dL), the cognitive
Malignant transformation by mutant Rel proteins
Authors: Thomas D. Gilmore
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1991)

A newly described family of transcriptional regulatory proteins, the Rel family, has recently been the subject of much interest. The Rel family includes proteins known to be important in Drosophila development, replication of HIV-1, oncogenesis and general transcriptional control. Nevertheless, there is still much to be learned about their precise mechanism of action, including the process by which the original member of this family, v-Rel, malignantly transforms cells.
Where in the brain does the forward model lurk?
Authors: Opher Donchin, Amir Raz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The general applicability of forward models in brain function has previously been recognized. Grush's contribution centers largely on broadening the extent and scope of forward models. However, in his effort to expand and generalize, important distinctions may have been overlooked. A better grounding in the underlying physiology would have helped to illuminate such valuable differences and similarities.
Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Plays an Essential Role in Obesity-Induced Adipose Inflammation
Authors: Tuo Deng, Christopher J. Lyon, Laurie J. Minze, Jianxin Lin, Jia Zou, Joey Z. Liu, Yuelan Ren, Zheng Yin, Dale J. Hamilton, Patrick R. Reardon, Vadim Sherman, Helen Y. Wang, Kevin J. Phillips, Paul Webb, Stephen T.C. Wong, Rong-fu Wang, Willa A. Hsueh
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Response to Comment on Pilz et al. Insulin Sensitivity and Albuminuria: The RISC Study. Diabetes Care 2014;37:1597–1603
Authors: Stefan Pilz, Femke Rutters, Giel Nijpels, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, Kurt Højlund, John J. Nolan, Beverley Balkau, Jacqueline M. Dekker
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

We thank Bastard and Fellahi (1) for their comments on our RISC (Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease) study results (2). We showed in healthy individuals that reduced insulin sensitivity, assessed by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and expressed as the M/I value, is continuously associated with a greater risk of increasing albuminuria (2). Oral glucose tolerance test−based insulin sensitivity and homeostasis model of …
Platelet factor 4 modulates the mitogenic activity of basic fibroblast growth factor.
Authors: J B Watson, S B Getzler, D F Mosher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to stimulate cell proliferation after vascular injury. The mitogenic activity of bFGF requires interactions with both a high affinity receptor and a cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan. We tested the ability of platelet factor 4 (PF 4) and other platelet heparin-binding proteins to modulate bFGF-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into fibroblasts. The supernatant of thrombin-stimulated platelets contained an inhibitor of bFGF-induced mitogenesis; this activity coeluted with PF 4 upon gel filtration, heparin-agarose, and ion-exchange chromatography. Purified thrombospondin and beta-thromboglobulin did not inhibit the mitogenic activity of bFGF. PF 4 inhibited the activity of 5 pM bFGF with 50% inhibitory concentration of 75 nM. Purified PF 4 also inhibited the basal incorporation of [3H]thymidine into 3T3 fibroblasts and the increased [3H]thymidine incorporation occurring after wounding of a cell monolayer. PF 4 did not affect the mitogenic activity of serum. Inhibition of bFGF activity by PF 4 could be overcome by exogenous heparin or chondroitin-4-sulfate, suggesting that inhibition of mitogenesis is caused by binding of PF 4 to cell-surface glycosaminoglycans. These results indicate that an important role of PF 4 released at sites of vascular injury and platelet activation is to control cellular proliferation caused by the release of bFGF from ruptured cells.
Update on D2E7: a fully human anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody
Authors: J. Kempeni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by persistent joint inflammation and concomitant joint destruction, and in severe cases with extra-articular manifestations, multiple joint involvement, and a significant reduction in life expectancy. In addition, functional decline and disability inevitably accompanies joint destruction. The extent to which most standard medical approaches have a positive impact on the course of rheumatoid disease is the subject of debate.1 Intense research effort has focused on understanding cellular inflammatory mechanisms that may serve as therapeutic targets.

Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine overproduced in rheumatoid joints primarily by macrophages.2 Although the causes of RA are not fully understood, TNFα seems to play a cardinal part in a variety of events in inflammatory synovitis and articular matrix degradation,3 and is therefore a prime target for directed immunotherapy in RA.4 5 Accordingly, antibodies and soluble TNF receptors that bind TNFα with high specificity neutralise its activity and have been developed for use as therapeutic agents. However, current anti-TNFα treatments for RA may be limited by their capacity to elicit immune responses to their non-human elements or artificially fused human sequences.6 The high specificity neutralisation potency of a previously perfected murine monoclonal antibody was transferred to a fully human IgG1 antibody format (D2E7).

D2E7, a high affinity, recombinant, fully human anti-TNFα has …
Pulmonary Reactions Simulating Cardiac Pulmonary Edema Caused by Nitrofurantoin
Authors: M. J. Murray, Richard Kronenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

PULMONARY edema is usually the result of heart disease. When it occurs in patients with established or suspected heart disease there is little reason to look beyond the heart for a cause. There are conditions, however, that may present a clinical picture resembling pulmonary edema. They include bronchial or pulmonary infections, pulmonary embolism and sensitivity reactions in the lung. If any of these occur in patients with existing heart disease they may be overlooked as a cause of symptoms.Sensitivity reactions of the lung to drugs are uncommon and usually take the form of pulmonary infiltration, with eosinophilia. Rarely do . . .
Electropharmacologic Effects of Class I and Class III Antiarrhythmia Drugs on Typical Atrial Flutter
Authors: Ching -Tai Tai, Shih-Ann Chen, An-Ning Feng, Wen-Chung Yu, Yi-Jen Chen, Mau-Song Chang
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Acute effects of class I and class III antiarrhythmia drugs on the reentrant circuit of typical atrial flutter are not fully studied. Furthermore, the critical electrophysiologic determinants of flutter termination by antiarrhythmia drugs are not clear. Methods and Results —The study population consisted of 36 patients (mean age, 53±17 years) with clinically documented typical atrial flutter. A 20-pole “halo” catheter was positioned around the tricuspid annulus. Incremental pacing was performed to measure the conduction velocity along the isthmus and lateral wall, and extrastimulation was performed to evaluate atrial refractory period in the baseline state and after intravenous infusion of ibutilide, propafenone, and amiodarone. Efficacy of these drugs in conversion of typical atrial flutter and patterns of termination were also determined. Ibutilide significantly increased the atrial refractory period and decreased conduction velocity in the isthmus at short pacing cycle length. It terminated atrial flutter in 8 (67%) of 12 patients after prolongation of flutter cycle length due to increase (86±19%) of conduction time in the isthmus. Propafenone predominantly decreased conduction velocity with use dependency and significantly increased atrial refractory period, but it only converted atrial flutter in 4 (33%) of 12 patients. Amiodarone had fewer effects on atrial refractory period and conduction velocity than did ibutilide and propafenone, and it terminated atrial flutter in only 4 (33%) of 12 patients. Termination of typical atrial flutter was due to failure of wave front propagation through the isthmus, which occurred with cycle length oscillation, abruptly without variability of cycle length, or after premature activation of the reentrant circuit. Conclusions —Ibutilide, with a unique increase in atrial refractoriness, was more effective in conversion of atrial flutter than were propafenone and amiodarone.
Digital vascular imaging and selective renin sampling in evaluation of vascular anatomy in renal transplant recipients.
Authors: G A Khoury, J D Irving, K Farrington, Z Varghese, J W Persaud, P Sweny, J F Moorhead, O N Fernando
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Sixty-five renal transplant recipients underwent digital vascular imaging of the graft and simultaneous selective venous sampling for plasma renin activity. Renal artery stenosis was found in seven patients but did not appear to be functionally important. Diffuse intrarenal arterial attenuation was found in seven patients and was associated with impaired graft function and perfusion; it may indicate chronic rejection. Lower pole hypoperfusion was found in nine patients without impaired graft function or perfusion; its clinical relevance is uncertain. Aneurysmal dilatation of the main renal artery was found in two patients. Severe hypertension was common in patients with these three major abnormalities, but a causal association between the abnormality and hypertension could rarely be inferred. It may be the abnormalities on digital vascular imaging, especially diffuse intrarenal arterial attenuation and lower pole hypoperfusion, are secondary to severe hypertension. Digital vascular imaging with simultaneous selective venous sampling for plasma renin activity is useful in evaluating the vascular anatomy of the grafted kidney and in assessing any abnormality found. The combined procedure was well tolerated by all patients with no complications and no incidence of acute tubular dysfunction or proteinuria after the investigation.