tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Hematophagy in Ticks: Common Origins for Blood Coagulation and Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors from Soft Ticks of the Genus Ornithodoros
Authors: Ben J. Mans, Abraham I. Louw, Albert W. H. Neitz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Identification and characterization of antihemostatic components from hematophagous organisms are useful for the elucidation of the evolutionary mechanisms involved in adaptation to a highly complex host hemostatic system. Although many bioactive components involved in the regulation of the host's hemostatic system have been described, the evolutionary mechanisms of how arthropods adapted to a blood-feeding environment have not been elucidated. This study describes common origins of both blood coagulation inhibitors and platelet aggregation inhibitors (PAIs) from soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. Neighbor-joining analysis indicates that fXa, thrombin, and PAIs share a common ancestor. Maximum parsimony analysis and a phylogeny based on root mean square deviation values of α-carbon backbone structures suggest a novel evolutionary pathway by which different antihemostatic functions have evolved through a series of paralogous gene duplication events. In this scenario, the thrombin inhibitors preceded the fXa and PAIs. This evolutionary model explains why the tick serine protease inhibitors have inhibition mechanisms that differ from that of the canonical bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI)-like inhibitors. Higher nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitution rates indicate positive Darwinian selection for the fXa and PAIs. Comparison with hemostatic inhibitors of hard ticks suggests that the two main tick families have independently evolved novel antihemostatic mechanisms. Independent evolution of these mechanisms in ticks points to a rapid divergence between tick families that could be dated between 120 and 92 MYA. This coincides with current molecular phylogeny views on the early divergence of modern birds and placental mammals in the Late Cretaceous, which suggests that this event might have been a driving force in the evolution of hematophagy in ticks.
Effect of Added Fiber on the Glucose and Metabolic Response to a Mixed Meal in Normal and Diabetic Subjects
Authors: T J Goulder, K G M M Alberti, D A Jenkins
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

10 g of guar was added to a test meal given to 11 subjects, six of whom had insulin-dependent diabetes, after an overnight fast. The addition of guar to the meal produced an overall decrease in the blood glucose concentrations after the meal in both normal and diabetic subjects. The insulin secretory response in the normal subjects was less when guar was included in the meal than when it was not. In normal subjects, but not in diabetic subjects, the addition of guar also resulted in a diminished response of lactate, pyruvate, and alanine to the test meal and a blunting of the fall in serum ketones. This is likely related to the fact that the same dose of insulin was given in the diabetic subjects with both test meals. Thus, in the normal circumstances, the diminished glycemic response to the guar-containing meal resulted in diminished insulin secretion, which was not the case with the diabetic subjects.
Aggregate Plaque Volume by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Is Superior and Incremental to Luminal Narrowing for Diagnosis of Ischemic Lesions of Intermediate Stenosis Severity
Authors: Ryo Nakazato, Aryeh Shalev, Joon-Hyung Doh, Bon-Kwon Koo, Heidi Gransar, Millie J. Gomez, Jonathon Leipsic, Hyung-Bok Park, Daniel S. Berman, James K. Min
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
1031-36 Results of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Chronic Congestive Heart Failure: A Ten-year Experience with 203 Patients
Authors: William A. Anderson, Deborah A. IIkowski, Javier Fernandez, Glenn W. Laub, Mark S. Adkins, Chao Chen, Lynn B. McGrath
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Mortality, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease, Over 15 Years in Multiethnic Mauritius
Authors: Dianna J. Magliano, Stefan Söderberg, Paul Z. Zimmet, Bendix Cartensen, Beverly Balkau, Vassen Pauvaday, Sudhir Kowlessur, Jaakko Tuomilehto, K. George M.M. Alberti, Jonathan E. Shaw
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Little information is available on the impact of abnormal glucose tolerance on mortality in South Asian and African populations in the developing world. We explored this issue in a large, multiethnic cohort from the developing nation of Mauritius. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Population-based surveys were undertaken in 1987, 1992, and 1998. The 9,559 participants (20–82 years old) comprised 66% South Asian (Indian), 27% Creole (African), and 7% Chinese descent. Mortality was ascertained in 2007. RESULTS Over a median 15.1-year follow-up, 1,557 participants died. Compared with those with normal glucose tolerance, the all-cause mortality hazard ratios (HR) for known diabetes, newly diagnosed diabetes, and impaired glucose tolerance were 3.35 (95% CI 2.77–4.04), 2.11 (1.73–2.57), and 1.53 (1.26–1.87) in South Asians and 2.14 (1.65–2.79), 1.41 (1.06–1.88), and 1.08 (0.83–1.40) in Africans, respectively. Those with impaired fasting glucose were not at increased risk in either ethnicity. In the Chinese, only those with known diabetes were at increased risk of mortality with HR 3.68 (1.87–7.25). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in a developing country of the impact of glucose intolerance on mortality in an African population, and one of the first studies of a South Asian population. It shows that the impact on mortality in these populations in Mauritius is comparable to that seen in developed countries. These results are important in a global context for future health policy in light of the impact of the rapid increase in prevalence of diabetes, especially in developing nations.
The Negative Side of Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Authors: John Mullahy
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We agree with Drs Sacristán and Obenchain<sup>1</sup>that careful analysis of uncertainty is an essential element of sound pharmacoeconomic evaluations. However, their suggestion that a confidence interval (CI) should be reported for the cost-effectiveness (C/E) ratio of an intervention having a significant probability of a negative C/E ratio may prove problematic in applications. Most troubling is the fact that the magnitude of a negative C/E ratio—defined as the ratio of incremental cost (AC) to incremental effectiveness (△E)—conveys no useful information. For example, it is clear that an estimate of AC =-100, △E =100 is more favorable than an estimate of AC =-100, △E=50, which in turn is more favorable than an estimate of AC=-50, △E=50. However, this implies that a C/E ratio of-1 (-100/100) is preferable to a ratio of -2 (-100/50), and yet a ratio of-2 (-100/50) is preferable to a ratio of -1 (-50/50).
Myocardial Ischemia in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Todd S. Kotler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections15 October 1988Myocardial Ischemia in Diabetic PatientsTodd S. Kotler, MD, George A. Diamond, MDTodd S. Kotler, MDSearch for more papers by this author, George A. Diamond, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-8-678 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Nesto and colleagues (1) found that only 14 of 50 diabetic patients (compared with 34 of 50 nondiabetic patients) with exercise-induced ischemia documented by thallium-201 scintigraphy had chest pain as the limiting symptom of a treadmill test. On the basis of these findings, the authors concluded that "angina is an unreliable index of myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease," and recommended "periodic objective assessments of the extent of ischemia [in such patients]." Unfortunately, although the authors' conclusions and recommendations were not necessarily inappropriate or even wrong, they were not addressed, let alone supported, by...Reference1. NestoPhillipsKett RRK Angina and exertional myocardial ischemia in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: assessment by exercise thallium scintigraphy. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:170-5. LinkGoogle Scholar1. NestoPhillipsKett RRK Angina and exertional myocardial ischemia in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: assessment by exercise thallium scintigraphy. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:170-5. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA 90403 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByEvaluating the impact of diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy rat heart on the outcome of ischemia-reperfusion associated oxidative stressProtection of the ischemic diabetic heart by L-propionylcarnitine therapyProtection of the ischemic diabetic heart by L-propionylcarnitine therapy 15 October 1988Volume 109, Issue 8Page: 678-679KeywordsAnginaIschemiaRadionuclide imagingStable coronary artery disease Issue Published: 15 October 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Therapy for Prostatitis
Authors: Edwin M. Meares
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Donald O. Schiffman (231:635, 1975) describes the new antibacterial combination drug, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) and in passing cites its usefulness in the therapy of prostatitis. If physicians are to use trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in treating prostatitis, we feel compelled to share our observations regarding the use of this drug in treating chronic bacterial prostatitis. In general, two major types of chronic prostatitis are clinically recognized today: chronic bacterial prostatitis, where a specific bacterial pathogen can be identified by proper culture techniques, and nonbacterial prostatitis, where no pathogen can be isolated.<sup>1</sup>The latter condition is the more common of the two types, is not associated with bacteriuria, and does not respond to antibacterial therapy, including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Chronic bacterial prostatitis, however, is probably the most common cause of relapsing urinary tract infection in men.<sup>2</sup>Since the treatment of the two conditions is entirely different, bacteriologic localization
Depression of Food Intake Induced in Healthy Subjects by Glucagon
Authors: Sydnor Barksdale Penick, Lawrence E. Hinkle, E. Grace Paulsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

ALTHOUGH most of the interest in glucagon has centered upon its effects on carbohydrate metabolism, there has also been evidence that it may play a direct part in the control of the human appetite. Schulman et al.1 found that glucagon, given three times daily to a group of patients in a mental hospital, caused their food intake to diminish and their weight to decrease, and Stunkard, Van Itallie and Reiss2 demonstrated that glucagon would abolish hunger contractions. Because Mayer3 and other investigators2 have indicated that hunger is suppressed at times when there is a large difference in the concentration of . . .
Beyond Consent: Seeking Justice in Research
Authors: Dennis J. Mazur
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 June 1999Beyond Consent: Seeking Justice in ResearchDennis J. Mazur, MD, PhDDennis J. Mazur, MD, PhDDepartment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon. (Mazur)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Kahn JP, Mastroianni AC, Sugarman J; eds. 190 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1998. $39.95. ISBN 0195113535. Order phone 800-451-7556.Field of medicine: Medical ethics and research policy.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Persons interested in contemporary ethical issues in the regulation of research involving human subjects.Purpose: To explore the change in the conception of justice in U.S. medical research in the past 20 years.Content: The authors contrast the emphasis in research policy focused on protection of human research subjects with contemporary issues involving increased access to research of certain groups and populations, such as pregnant women and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon. (Mazur) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1999Volume 130, Issue 11Page: 951-952KeywordsArmed forcesChildrenComputer softwareMedical ethicsPatient advocacyPopulation statisticsPregnancyResearch ethicsVeteran care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Development of Interarterial Coronary Anastomoses by Chronic Anemia. Disappearance Following Correction of Anemia
Authors: RICHARD W. ECKSTEIN
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

The effect of chronic severe anemia upon functional interarterial coronary anastomoses has been studied in dogs. Retrograde flow measurements at controlled aortic pressures and under conditions of normal viscosity and hemoglobin concentration indicate that severe chronic anemia stimulates growth of collaterals to a significant degree. On the other hand, removal of this stimulus by spontaneous recovery from anemia induces regression of collateral function to control levels.
Abstract P2-10-01: The Accuracy of BRCA1/2 Mutation Prediction Models in Different Ethnicity and Gender: Experience in a Chinese Cohort
Authors: A Kwong, CHN Wong, DTK Suen, CLY Choi, CLP Wong, FFB Law, A Kurian, ESK Ma, DW West, JM. Ford
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Risk models (BRCAPRO, Myriad, Couch and Shattuck-Eidens, BOADICEA) are well established in Caucasian and African American cohorts to estimate the probability of BRCA1/2 mutation. Few studies have suggested its performance limitation in Asian cohorts. Most studies did not account for gender specific prediction. The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of these models in a Chinese cohort who have breast/ovarian cancer at a pre-genetic test setting. Methods: Four risk assessment models, Boadicea, BRCAPRO, Myriad, Couch and Shattuck-Eidens, were used to perform risk calculations to 217 non-BRCA carriers (198 females and 19 males) and 32 BRCA carriers (28 females and 4 males. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated for each model to evaluate for calibration, discrimination and accuracy in BRCA mutation prediction stratified by gender. Results: The mean in prediction score in all models were statistically significantly higher in female BRCA mutation carriers. However, there were no statistically difference in mean prediction score between BRCA carriers and non-carriers in all models for male patients. BRCAPRO slightly over-estimated the total numbers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 female carriers (13 vs. 11 and 20 vs.17), but underestimated the number of BRCA2 male carriers (2.8 vs. 4). While Myriad underestimated both the total numbers of BRCA1/2 male (3.1 vs. 4) and female (25.6 vs. 28) carriers. Boadicea did the closest estimation for both male (3.2 vs. 4) and female (1.5 vs. 11 for BRCA1 and 16.3 vs. 17 in BRCA2). BRCAPRO showed the greatest ROC area for BRCA1 (93%), BRCA2 (73%) and BRCA1/2 (79%) combination mutation prediction and highest sensitivity at conventional thresholds of 10% and 20% in female patients (71.4% vs.60.7%). Boadicea had the greatest ROC area for BRCA2 and BRCA1/2 combination mutation prediction and the same sensitivity at conventional thresholds of 10% and 20% in male patients (92% vs. 93%). Conclusion: All 4 models could perform reasonably well in female patients, but not in male patients. Boadicea has the best performance in male and female Chinese cohort overall. Whereas when comparing females alone, BRCAPRO is most accurate. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-01.
Abstract IA17: Intratumoral heterogeneity in glioblastoma
Authors: Joan Seoane
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Cells within tumours have diverse genomes, epigenomes, and interact differentially with their surrounding microenvironment generating intratumour heterogeneity, which has critical implications for treating cancer patients. I will present our current approach to understand the intratumour heterogeneity in glioblastoma through the analysis of patient-derived models. I will present examples of how we perform functional analysis to understand genomic alterations in the context of inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity taking special interest on their therapeutic implications. Linked to the concept of intratumor heterogeneity in the cellular state of differentiation, I will explain our studies related to cancer-initiating cells in glioblastoma, and I will focus on the TGF-beta pathway which has a critical role in glioblastoma. Citation Format: Joan Seoane. Intratumoral heterogeneity in glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA17. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-IA17
A Broader Concept of Medical Errors
Authors: Thomas H. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

No one disputes the goal — a health care system that can reliably provide high-quality care with minimal waste to all in need. Disagreement begins with the question of which problems are most urgent. Some cite inequities in access to care; others emphasize gaps in quality that transcend race, sex, and social class.1,2 Employers bemoan the rising costs of health care,3 whereas the press and health care leaders are appalled by the 44,000 to 98,000 deaths per year that, according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), may be caused by medical errors.4 The accuracy and implications of these estimates . . .
Nationwide Study of Health and Coping Among Immigrant Children and Families
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

FIRST- AND SECOND-generation immigrant children—both legal and illegal-comprise the fastest-growing segment of the US population younger than age 15. They depend mainly on their parents and others for housing, food, schooling, medical care, and protection. As the debate between federal and state governments over fiscal responsibility for social welfare programs grows increasingly contentious, some states are trying to restrict immigrants' use of public schools and health services, including prenatal care and immunizations. Educators and health officials say such steps not only would harm immigrant children, but also could create a new permanent underclass and increase risks of disease in the rest of the population. These concerns, many of them embodied in an article in the journal<i>The Future of Children</i>(1995;5:72-89), prompted the Board on Children, Youth, and Families (BCYF) in Washington, DC, to enlist a blue-ribbon task force in a 2-year project to gather and synthesize data on the
Impact of diabetes mellitus on myocardial perfusion after primary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Abhiram Prasad, Gregg W. Stone, Thomas D. Stuckey, Costantino O. Costantini, Peter J. Zimetbaum, Michael McLaughlin, Roxana Mehran, Eulogio Garcia, James E. Tcheng, David A. Cox, Cindy L. Grines, Alexandra J. Lansky, Bernard J. Gersh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Peripheral inflammation increases PKR activation, Tau phosphorylation and amyloid β production in wild-type mice
Authors: François Mouton-Liger, Anne-Sophie Rebillat, Clarisse Pace, Sarah Gourmaud, Mariko Taga, Claire Paquet, Jacques Hugon
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Systemic inflammation is correlated with dementia progression. Pro-inflammatory molecules can communicate from the periphery to the central nervous system to induce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Our protein of interest is the pro-apoptotic kinase PKR (the double strand-RNA dependent protein kinase). Increased activated PKR levels were found in AD patients brain and cerebrospinal fluid. PKR activation can be triggered by inflammatory stresses and induces neurotoxicity in vitro. Is in vivo PKR-mediated inflammation involved in AD neurodegenerative process?
Oxidative DNA adducts and DNA-protein cross-links are the major DNA lesions induced by arsenite.
Authors: Da-Tian Bau, Tsu-Shing Wang, Chiao-Hui Chung, Alexander S S Wang, Alexander S S Wang, Kun-Yan Jan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Arsenic is recognized to be a nonmutagenic carcinogen because it induces DNA damage only at very high concentrations. However, many more DNA strand breaks could be detected by digesting the DNA of arsenite-treated cells with endonuclease III, formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase, and proteinase K. By doing so, arsenite could be shown to induce DNA damage in human cells within a pathologically meaningful concentration range. Oxidized guanine products were detected in all arsenite-treated human cells examined. DNA-protein cross-links were also detected in arsenite-treated NB4 and HL60 cells. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the induction of oxidized guanine products by arsenite was sensitive to inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthase but not to oxidant modulators, whereas the opposite result was obtained in vascular smooth muscle cells. On the other hand, the arsenite-induced oxidized guanine products and DNA-protein cross-links in NB4 and HL60 cells were sensitive to modulators of calcium, NO synthase, oxidant, and myeloperoxidase. Therefore, although oxidized guanine products were detected in all the human cells treated with arsenite, the pathways could be different in different cell types. Because the sensitivity and the mechanism of arsenic intoxication are cell specific, it is important that target tissues and target cells are used for investigations. It is also important that pathologically or pharmacologically meaningful concentrations of arsenic are used. This is because in most cases we are dealing with the chronic effect rather than acute toxicity.
POOLED ANALYSIS OF PERCUTANEOUS VENTRICULAR RESTORATION (PVR) THERAPY USING THE PARACHUTE® DEVICE IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC DILATED HEART FAILURE
Authors: Philip Adamson, Martyn Thomas, Marco Costa, Christoph Nienaber, Huseyin Ince, Andrejs Erglis, William braham
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)