tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exhaled nitric oxide may predict future benefit in patients with poorly controlled asthma
Authors: Voicu Tudorache, Crina Babiciu, Cristian Oancea, Monica Marc, Emmanuela Tudorache, Danina Muntean, Ovidiu Fira-Mladinescu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Dynamic changes in exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) are highly predictive for asthma control, whereas its absolute values are often in discrepancy with patients9 clinical status.   Aim:  To evaluate the potential of baseline FeNO to identify in regular clinical practice the individuals with suboptimal controlled asthma who have the potential to achieve control according to a guideline-based approach.   Methods:  165 patients seen for two consecutive visits with uncontrolled asthma (defined as a score of ≤ 19 in the Asthma Control Test) at the first visit were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were limited to smokers and overlaping COPD since the study was purported to reflect the real-life practice.   Results:  In ROC curve analysis, a greater absolute value of FeNO at the first visit was associated with the acquirement of asthma control in the second one (AUC – area under the curve was 0.7816, p vs.  0.7918; p = 0.35), even if the mean value of FeNO was greater in the former group (33.72±1.98  vs.  29.27±1.96, p=0.006). In uncontrolled asthma, values of FeNO > 35 ppb in patients with, and > 30 ppb in patients without allergic rhinitis, predicted future benefits (the positive predictive value was 85.42% and 91.97%, respectively).   Conclusion:  Our results suggest that the fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide might be an important predictive tool in assessing asthma control and future benefit over time even in patients with underlying atopy, as expressed by the presence of allergic rhinitis.
Combination Growth Factor Therapy via Electrostatically Assembled Wound Dressings Improves Diabetic Ulcer Healing In Vivo
Authors: Benjamin D. Almquist, Steven A. Castleberry, Julia B. Sun, Alice Y. Lu, Paula T. Hammond
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Chronic skin ulcerations are a common complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting up to one in four diabetic individuals. Despite the prevalence of these wounds, current pharmacologic options for treating them remain limited. Growth factor–based therapies have displayed a mixed ability to drive successful healing, which may be due to nonoptimal delivery strategies. Here, a method for coating commercially available nylon dressings using the layer‐by‐layer process is described to enable both sustained release and independent control over the release kinetics of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 and platelet‐derived growth factor BB. It is shown that the use of strategically spaced diffusion barriers formed spontaneously by disulfide bonds enables independent control over the release rates of incorporated growth factors, and that in vivo these dressings improve several aspects of wound healing in db/db mice.
Glucocorticoids may not inhibit plasma exudation by direct vascular antipermeability effects in human airways
Authors: L Greiff, M Andersson, C Svensson, U Alkner, CG Persson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

In animal airways, single topical treatment with glucocorticoids produces a prompt vascular anti-permeability effect that may last for several hours. This has been considered a potentially important anti-inflammatory action in human airways. The present study, involving nine healthy subjects, examines whether nasal budesonide application affects histamine-induced mucosal exudation of plasma and plasma-derived mediators in human airways. A selected low concentration (40 micrograms.ml-1) of the vascular permeability-inducing agent histamine was kept in one of the nasal cavities for 10 min, and this challenge was repeated at 50 min intervals over 4 h. Ten minutes after the first histamine-challenge, a clinical dose of budesonide (100 micrograms) was sprayed into the same nasal cavity. Nasal lavage fluid levels of albumin and fibrinogen were measured as indices of mucosal exudation of bulk plasma, and bradykinins were analysed to indicate generation of plasma-derived mediators. The baseline levels of albumin and fibrinogen were evaluated in 24 healthy control subjects by means of a 10 min saline lavage. Histamine produced significant mucosal exudation of albumin and fibrinogen, compared to control subjects. Topical budesonide treatment did not affect the histamine-induced mucosal exudation of albumin or fibrinogen, nor did budesonide affect the mucosal output of bradykinins. The present human airway data do not support the view, based on animal findings, that airway glucocorticoids reduce mucosal exudation of plasma by direct vascular effects. We suggest that anti-exudative effects of topical glucocorticoids in airway diseases indirectly reflect the inhibition of cellular inflammatory processes by these drugs, rather than any direct effects on the airway microcirculation.
Outcomes of Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Recurrent Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Hodgkin’s Disease With Dexamethasone, Etoposide, Cisplatin, Cytarabine, and <scp>l</scp>-Asparaginase, Maintenance Chemotherapy, and Transplantation: Children’s Cancer Group Study CCG-5912
Authors: Nathan L. Kobrinsky, Richard Sposto, Narayan R. Shah, James R. Anderson, Cynthia DeLaat, Margaret Morse, Phyllis Warkentin, Gerald S. Gilchrist, Mervyn D. Cohen, Donald Shina, Anna T. Meadows
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To determine the toxicity and response rate in children treated with dexamethasone, etoposide, cisplatin, high-dose cytarabine, and l-asparaginase (DECAL) for recurrent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin’s disease (HD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-seven children with recurrent NHL (n = 68) or HD (n = 29) were enrolled. Treatment consisted of two cycles of DECAL, then bone marrow transplantation or up to four cycles of ifosfamide, mesna, and etoposide alternating with DECAL maintenance therapy. RESULTS: After two cycles of DECAL induction therapy, complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) was reported in 19 (65.5%; 10 CRs and nine PRs) of 29 patients with HD and 29 (41.6%; 23 CRs and six PRs) of 68 patients with NHL. When only 24 patients with HD and 58 patients with NHL who were assessable for response were considered, the response rates were 79.2% (19 of 24 patients) and 50.0% (29 of 58 patients), respectively. Five-year event-free survival was 26% ± 9% and 23% ± 5% in patients with HD and NHL, respectively. Five-year survival was 31% ± 14% and 30% ± 6%, respectively. Although median time to treatment failure was significantly longer in patients with HD (EFS, P = .002; survival, P = .011), this difference did not translate into a higher long-term survival. Grade 3 or 4 toxic effects were observed during induction in 70 (72%) of 97 patients and during maintenance in 45 (70%) of 64 courses of DECAL therapy. Pancytopenia and systemic infections in particular were frequently observed. Other toxic effects were uncommon. Although not a formal part of the therapy or the study design, 42 patients who responded to therapy who underwent bone marrow transplant did not show any benefit from this approach. CONCLUSION: DECAL is an effective and tolerable salvage regimen for treating patients with recurrent NHL and HD.
bcl-2, p53, and response to tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study.
Authors: R M Elledge, S Green, L Howes, G M Clark, M Berardo, D C Allred, R Pugh, D Ciocca, P Ravdin, J O'Sullivan, S Rivkin, S Martino, C K Osborne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that high bcl-2 expression and accumulation of p53 protein, both of which should inhibit apoptosis, are associated with a poorer tamoxifen response and a more aggressive clinical course in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive metastatic breast cancer. METHODS A total of 205 paraffin-embedded tumor blocks were evaluated for nuclear p53 (a marker of p53 inactivation) and cytoplasmic bcl-2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). All patients received tamoxifen as initial therapy for metastatic disease. The study began in 1982 and follow-up duration of the 24 patients last known alive is 8 years. RESULTS Response to tamoxifen and time to treatment failure (TTF) were not significantly associated with p53 status, although patients with higher p53 had a worse survival (P = .008; median, 36 v 20 months). Higher bcl-2 expression was associated with higher levels of ER (P = .02), better response to tamoxifen (62% v 49%; P = .07), longer TTF (median, 9 v 5 months; P = .002), and better survival (median, 40 months v 25 months; P = .009). In multivariate analyses, including ER, progesterone receptor (PgR), and p53, high bcl-2 remained significantly associated with a longer TTF (P = .007) and survival (P = .07). p53 status was a significant factor for shorter survival (P = .05), but not for TTF (P = .61). CONCLUSION p53 status, as determined by IHC is not significantly associated with response to tamoxifen, although tumors with altered p53 protein are inherently more aggressive. Contrary to expectation, high bcl-2 identifies a relatively indolent phenotype of ER-positive metastatic breast cancer, in which patients experience a better clinical response to tamoxifen and a longer survival.
Role of endothelin receptor subtypes in the systemic and renal responses to endothelin-1 in humans.
Authors: K A Kaasjager, S Shaw, H A Koomans, T J Rabelink
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

The authors recently reported that infusion of endothelin-1 in humans to obtain pathophysiological plasma levels causes profound renal vasoconstriction and sodium retention. The relative roles of the ETA- and ETB-receptor subtypes in these effects in humans is unknown. Such information is essential in view of the recent introduction of endothelin-receptor blockers in clinical medicine. The study presented here was designed to define the role of the ETA- and ETB-receptor subtypes in the renal actions of endothelin-1 in humans. Systemic infusion of endothelin-1, a nonselective receptor agonist, was compared with infusion of equimolar dosages of the ETB-selective agonist endothelin-3 in healthy volunteers. Endothelin-1 infusion was associated with an approximate 2.5-fold increase in plasma levels of endothelin-1. This was accompanied by an increase in blood pressure by approximately 6 mm Hg (P < 0.05). During endothelin-1 infusion, RPF decreased from 642 +/- 42 to 480 +/- 36 mL/min (P < 0.05) and GFR from 121 +/- 4 to 109 +/- 7 mL/min (P < 0.05). Sodium excretion rate decreased during endothelin-1 infusion, from a baseline value of 182 +/- 33 to 84 +/- 28 mumol/min at the end of the endothelin-1 infusion. Endothelin-3 infusion also resulted in a approximate 2.5-fold increase of plasma levels of endothelin-3. However, in contrast to the endothelin-1 infusion, endothelin-3 had no effect on blood pressure, renal hemodynamics, and electrolyte excretion. These results suggest that the systemic and renal vasoconstrictor effects of endothelin-1 in humans are predominantly mediated by the ETA receptors.
Differential findings regarding molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis between two consecutive periods in the context of steady increase of immigration
Authors: J. Iñigo, D. García de Viedma, A. Arce, E. Palenque, M. Herranz, E. Rodríguez, M.J. Ruiz-Serrano, E. Bouza, F. Chaves
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Diagnostic value of bone marrow imaging with <sup>111</sup>indium‐transferring and <sup>99m</sup>technetium‐colloids in myelofibrosis
Authors: J. P. Arrago, J. D. Rain, N. Vigneron, O. Poirier, Ch. Chomienne, M. F. D'Agay, Y. Najean
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

111Indium--transferrin (111In) and 99mTechnetium-colloids (99mTc) bone marrow imaging of 55 myelofibrosis (MF) cases has been compared with clinical, histological, and iron-kinetics data. The best correlations are seen between the splenic uptake of 111In with the spleen/sacrum ratio of 59Fe at the first hour (r = 0.69, P less than 0.001) and also with the splenic erythropoiesis histologically assessed in ten splenectomized patients (r = 0.75, P less than 0.01). Moreover, sacrum uptake of 111In, when compared with sacrum uptake of 59Fe (r = 0.51, P less than 0.001) and with hematopoietic cellularity of the bone marrow (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001) reflects faithfully the hematopoietic cell content of the marrow. Thus, 111In bone marrow imaging provides a noninvasive and useful tool for the diagnosis of myeloid metaplasia in MF. Ferrokinetic studies still appreciate with better insight the amount of ineffective erythropoiesis or hemolysis and remains therefore of great value when splenectomy is discussed.
Isotretinoin associated with craving for cigarettes
Authors: T.C. Ling, A.S. Highet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Isotretinoin associated with craving for cigarettes Get access T.C. Ling, T.C. Ling Department of Dermatology, York District Hospital, York Y031 8HE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.S. Highet A.S. Highet Department of Dermatology, York District Hospital, York Y031 8HE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 142, Issue 1, 1 January 2000, Pages 198–199, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03282.x Published: 01 January 2000
Clinical Dilemmas in Palliative Care for HIV Infection
Authors: Samuel C Matheny
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

In several respects, palliative care in late HIV disease tends to differ from that in other terminal diseases such as cancer, and special difficulties arise in alleviation of pain and suffering. The following story is illustrative:

The case of Dona
Dona, age 33, is the widow of Ed, who was diagnosed with HIV when incarcerated in 1991 for possession of marijuana. Almost at the same time, Dona was admitted to hospital with pneumonia which proved to be tuberculous. Not until she was discharged did she discover that she was infected with HIV, acquired from her husband, an intravenous drug user. Both Ed and Dona were started on zidovudine, the only anti-HIV drug then readily available. Ed soon developed Pneumocystis pneumonia and candida oesophagitis, complicated by anaemia due to the zidovudine. When new drugs for HIV became available, Ed and Dona were switched to these. Ed developed AIDS-related dementia, becoming paranoid and abusing Dona mentally and physically. She filed for divorce but continued to look after him until he died in 1995. Within two months of his death, Dona developed ataxia and a right-sided paralysis from what proved to be a central nervous system lymphoma—a condition that at that time was expected to cause death within 90 days. Three weeks after this diagnosis the first protease inhibitors were released, and she has been on triple therapy for over 4 years. She now has neuropathy, lipodystrophy, abnormal cervical smears and hearing loss, and has been in hospice care for 4 years. However, her brain lymphoma has regressed and recently, for the first time, she had a ‘negative viral load’.
Carcinogenicity of Some Folk Medicinal Herbs in Rats 2
Authors: Govind J. Kapadia, E. B. Chung, B. Ghosh, Y. N. Shukla, S. P. Basak, J. F. Morton, S. N. Pradhan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Twelve medicinal herbs were bloassayed to correlate a high incidence of esophageal carcinoma in natives of different places with their habitual consumption of these products. Outbred NIH Black rats were given 72 weekly sc injections of the total aqueous extracts of the plant materials. The tanninrich plant extracts from Areca catechu and Rhus copallina produced local tumor in 100 and 33%, respectively, of the experimental animals. Other materials included Diospyros virginiana and extracts from plants not rich In tannins. Dlospyros and extracts of Sassafras albidum and Chenopodium ambrosiodes were tumorigenic in over 50% of the treated anlmals.
Influence of depression in a smoking cessation program
Authors: Luciana Pimenta Bento, Telma Sequeira, José Pedro Boléo-Tomé, Ricardo Melo, Cecília Pardal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Smoking rates amongst depressed patients are higher than in general population. Treating depressed smokers is a challenge due to their dysfunctional emotional regulation and severe withdrawal symptoms.

Aim: To understand how depression influenced a tobacco cessation program.

Methods: Retrospective study of a cohort of 331 patients followed at our cessation program. Data were collected from revision of case notes. SPSS 21th version was used for statistical analysis.

Results: 54.1% patients were male, mean age was 48.7 years; 22.7% of the patients were depressed and 12.3% had history of depression. Amongst depressed individuals, 64% were female. Median number of cigarettes per day was 20, without differences concerning depression status.

Regarding Fagerstrom scale, 135 individuals had high nicotine addiction, with higher rates among depressed patients (56.8% vs 36.5%, p‹0.01). According to HADS, respectively 139 and 67 patients showed significant anxiety and depression. These rates were significantly higher (p‹0.01) amongst depressed individuals. 51 subjects had a high Richmond score (10) and this rate was significantly lower in the depressed group (8% vs 17.7%, p‹0.05).

At 6 months, 105 individuals had quit smoking. This rate was significantly lower amongst depressed patients (16% vs 36.3%, p‹0.05), who were more likely (OR: 2.33, 95% CI:1.2-4.8) to continue smoking than non-depressed subjects (p‹0.05). In spite of depression status, varenicline was associated with higher quitting rates (p‹0.05). Similar associations were found in patients with past depression.

Conclusion: Our results confirm the negative effect of, not only active depression, but also prior history of depression on tobacco quitting rates.
Limitation of Nuclear Division by Protease Inhibitors in Cytochalasin-B-Treated Tumor Cells2
Authors: Frank J. O'Neill
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Limitation of Nuclear Division by Protease Inhibitors in Cytochalasin-B-Treated Tumor Cells Get access Frank J. O'Neill Frank J. O'Neill 3Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, and Department of Research, Veterans Administration Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah 84113. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 3, March 1974, Pages 653–657, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.3.653 Published: 01 March 1974 Article history Received: 17 August 1973 Accepted: 31 October 1973 Published: 01 March 1974
The “paperless NHS” at the front line
Authors: John S Havard
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Despite the rhetoric about using less paper in the NHS, it seems to be getting worse.1 The GP2GP service was set up to transfer patient notes electronically when patients move practice. We have been told that 92% of GP practices use GP2GP, file sizes are being increased, and we should not have to print paper copies. However, …
Abstract O-1: Klf5 Regulates Cardiac Pparα and Med13 and affects Cardiac Fatty Acid Metabolism And Obesity
Authors: Konstantinos Drosatos, Nina Pollak, Panagiotis Ntziachristos, Chad M Trent, Yunying Hu, Shunichi Homma, Iannis Aifantis, Ira J Goldberg
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Krüppel-like factors (KLF) have been associated with metabolic phenotypes. Our study focused on the metabolic role of cardiac KLF5, as it showed the highest increase among all KLFs that were detected by whole genome microarrays of energy-starved hearts obtained from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. Analysis of ppara promoter indicated two potential binding sites for c-Jun (AP-1 sites), the transcriptional factor that is activated by LPS and reduces cardiac PPARα expression: −792/-772 bp and −719/-698 bp prior to the transcription initiation site. This analysis showed that both AP-1 sites overlap with potential KLF-binding sites. Adenovirus-mediated expression of constitutively active c-Jun in a mouse cardiomyocyte cell line (HL-1) reduced PPARα gene expression, while treatment with Ad-KLF5 had the opposite effect. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis (ChIP) showed that c-Jun binds both −792/-772 bp and −719/-698 sites of ppara promoter while KLF5 binds on −792/-772 bp. ChIP analysis also showed that LPS promotes c-Jun binding on −792/-772 bp, which prohibits occupation of this region by KLF5. A cardiomyocyte-specific KLF5 knockout mouse (αMHC-KLF5-/-) had normal cardiac function but reduced cardiac expression of PPARα (50%) and other fatty acid metabolism-associated genes such as CD36 (40%), LpL (20%), PGC1α (45%), AOX (28%) and Cpt1 (45%). High fat diet (HFD)-fed αMHC-KLF5-/- mice had a more profound body weight increase (35%) compared to HFD-fed WT mice (15%), as well as larger white adipocytes and brown adipocytes (H&amp;E) and increased hepatic neutral lipid accumulation (Oil-Red-O). The obesogenic effect of cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of KLF5 resembles the phenotype of the αMHC-MED13-/- mice. We showed that KLF5 ablation reduced cardiac MED13 levels despite lack of changes in the expression levels of miR-208, a known regulator of MED13. Infection of HL-1 cells with Ad-KLF5 increased MED13 gene expression. ChIP identified a KLF5 binding site on med13 gene promoter region (-730/-714 bp). Thus, KLF5 regulates cardiac PPARα and MED13 and affects cardiac and systemic fatty acid metabolism and obesity, thus indicating KLF5 as a potential target for cardiac dysfunction associated with energetic complications, as well as for obesity
Chromosomes of Tumor Cells. III. Unresponsiveness of Precancerous Hepatic Tissues and Hepatomas to a Mitotic Stimulus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M. M. Maini, H. F. Stich
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Livers of rats fed the carcinogen 3′-methyl - 4 - dimethylaminoazobenzene [Chemical Abstracts' nomenclature: N,N-dimethyl-p-(m-tolylazo) analine] were exposed to the mitotic stimulus of partial hepatectomy. The hepatic tissue ceases to respond to this mitotic stimulus of partial hepatectomy and injections of serums in the course of carcinogenesis. It appears likely that this behavior of the hepatic tissue is due to an unresponsiveness of the cells. This unresponsiveness of the precancerous liver is reversible and apparently depends on the presence of the carcinogen. A partial hepatectomy does not alter significantly the mitotic rate of hepatomas. This unresponsiveness is independent of the presence of the carcinogen and persists over many cell generations. The noncarcinogenic azo dye, 4-aminoazobenzene (AB), lacks the ability to interfere with the mitotic rate in regenerating hepatic tissue. The possible significance of this unresponsiveness of precancerous tissue and hepatoma cells for the selection of neo-plastic cells is discussed.