tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Introducing and old-new imaging technique in thoracic surgery: Lung ultrasound and lung expansion in post-thoracic surgery patients
Authors: Abraham Chavarín, Laureano Molins, Juan J. Fibla, Cristina Izquierdo-Vidal, Jose M. Mier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Historically ultrasound technology has not been applied to respiratory medicine because of its inability to produce anatomic images of the lung. Since 1995 Lichtenstein et al, (Chest 1995, 108(1) 117-125) has proved the importance of the evaluation of the pleural line and its clinical implications.  Method: We performed a bedside transthoracic ultrasound evaluation in 36 post surgery hemi-thoraces in which non pulmonary surgery was performed (i.e. bilateral sympathectomies and thoracoscopic pleural biopsies). We registered the presence or absence of lung sliding. The result was paired with digital air leak values and compared with chest x-rays.  Results: Lung sliding was present in all 36 cases, digital air leak values of 0 ml/min where observed in all cases and a conventional chest x-ray showed full lung expansion in all cases. A 100% agreement (Cohen Kappa 1.0) was found between all three tests.  Discussion: The presence of lung sliding in a transthoracic ultrasound evaluation is a sign that both parietal and visceral pleura are in contact as there is no air between them and thus they slide with respiratory movements, this is proved by the presence of an air leak value of 0 ml/min in our series making the possibility of pneumothorax very unlikely. The perfect agreement between lung ultrasound and an air leak value of 0 ml/min demonstrates that lung ultrasound can exclude pneumothorax.  Conclusion: The observation of lung sliding in a transthoracic lung ultrasound evaluation can safely diagnose full lung expansion in the post non pulmonary thoracic surgery patient, without the need for other radiographic explorations.
HEREDITARY UNILATERAL HYDRONEPHROSIS
Authors: J F CANNON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1954)

Case Reports1 November 1954HEREDITARY UNILATERAL HYDRONEPHROSISJ. FLOYD CANNON, M.D.J. FLOYD CANNON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-41-5-1054 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe etiologic factors involved in cases of unilateral hydronephrosis are usually manifest from the results of a complete urologic study; however, there remains a group in which the etiology remains obscure. The two most common factors in the production of unilateral hydronephrosis, accounting for about 85 per cent of the cases, are calculi and ureteral constriction. Less common causes are stricture of the pelvis, ectopic kidney and aberrant vessels. Heredity has not previously been considered an etiologic factor. The hereditary factor present in the cases here reported indicates that this etiology should be considered when other causes are not discovered.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Salt Lake City, Utah*Received for publication January 29, 1954. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDominantly inherited ureteropelvic junction obstructionFamilial Pelviureteric Junction Hydronephrosis and its Association with a Duplex Pelvicaliceal System and Vesicoureteric Reflux. A Family StudyPrimary megaureter in a mother and daughterUreteropelvic Junction Obstruction: Its Occurrence in 3 Members of a Single FamilyUnique ureteropelvic junction obstruction in father and daughterGenetic Aspects of Hydronephrosis Associated with Renal AgenesisFamilial hydronephrosisÜber die (aseptische) HarnstauungsniereThe Hereditary Renal DiseasesUropoietic SystemThe spectrum of hereditary renal diseasesUnilateral Hereditary Hydronephrosis: A Report of Four Cases in Three Consecutive GenerationsDie Entleerungsstörungen der oberen HarnwegeCurrent pediatric references 1 November 1954Volume 41, Issue 5Page: 1054-1060KeywordsEtiologyHeredityKidneysPelvis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1954 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Brain Vascular System.
Authors: Harry A. Kaplan, Donald Herbert Ford
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

System. By Harry A. Kaplan and Donald H. Ford. Price, not given. Pp 230. Elsevier Publishing Co., Jan Van Galenstraat 335, Amsterdam, 1966. The purpose  this monograph is to make the material discussed of use to as many individuals concerned with the problems  the CNS as possible. To this end the authors discuss the embryology  the brain vasculature ; the normal blood supply  the brain, as well as its variations ; the meninges and spinal fluid; and the blood-brain barrier. The descriptions are richly supported by numerous illustrations  injections and dissections  the blood vessels in the human brain and by many useful diagrams. The description  each blood vessel ends with a helpful diagram  its constituent vessels. The nomenclature is that  the Nomina Anatomica. After a detailed description  the embryology  the cerebral vessels, the authors find that the distribution  the arteries in the newborn is comparable to the adult, the most common change being the relative dependence on the mesencephalic artery by the posterior cerebral artery as a major source  blood for the posterior portion  the cerebral hemisphere. Similarly, in the case  the veins, the pattern in the adult closely resembles that seen at birth. The embryological section is purely descriptive, and such correlations as are possible with the adult vascular pattern are pointed out in the description  individual blood vessels. Attention is called to the fact that, while the adult posterior cerebral artery is derived from vessels arising from the internal carotid artery, it receives blood from the vertebral-basilar system as well.
Abstract 5132: Serum Pentraxin 3, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Emilio Moriguchi, Luciane Narvaes, Daiane Silvello, Luciano Albuquerque, Luise Meurer, Kátia Santos, Luis Rohde
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background - Carotid intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) is a marker of atheroma instability. In the present study, we evaluated the potential association between serum levels of pentraxin 3 (PTX3, a novel marker of vascular inflammation) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with in vivo assessment of IPH by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods and Results - Consecutive patients submitted to carotid endarterectomy underwent high-resolution MRI; independent evaluation of neurological symptoms; histological analysis and measurement of serum PTX3, MMP-3 and MMP-9. IPH was determined non-invasively by the presence of a hyperintense signal on MRI. Eighty-two predominantly male (65%) and hypertensive (89%) patients (67±9 years-old) were studied. MR angiography identified 19(23%) patients with 50 – 69% stenosis, 23(28%) with 70 –90% stenosis, and 40(49%) with &gt; 90% stenosis. High-resolution MRI depicted a hyperintense signal suggestive of intraplaque bleeding in 48 (58.5%) subjects. No usual clinical characteristic was predictive of the hyperintense signal on MRI (all p values &gt;0.10). Serum PTX3 and MMPs levels were similar in different degrees of carotid stenosis assessed by MR angiography, but were significantly augmented in patients with signs of IPH on MRI and on histological analysis (all p values &lt;0.05). We observed a strong positive association between PTX3 and MMP-9 levels (r=0.76; p&lt;0.0001) and a weak to moderate association between hs-C-reactive protein and PTX3 (r=0.40; p=0.0002) and MMP-9 (r=0.35; p=0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for potential blood-derived markers, clinical neurological instability was the only variable independently associated to MRI-based IPH. Conclusions - MRI-based IPH identified neurologically unstable patients, with increased levels of PTX3 and MMP-9, regardless of the degree of carotid luminal stenosis.
625. AAV Gene Therapy for Liver Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Ray A. Xu, Kevin Sun, Geoffrey W. Krissansen, Peter W. Fung, Sue Xu, Weidong Xiao, Juan Shi, Sheung-tat Fan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Metastatic liver cancer has a very poor prognosis and lacks effective therapy. We have previously demonstrated that intraportal injection of an adeno-associated-virus(AAV) vector led to long term and persistent expression of angiostatin and suppressed EL-4 tumors that metastasized to livers. In the present study, we seek strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of AAV mediated anti-angiogenic gene therapy in combating liver metastases. A recombinant adeno-associated-virus (AAV) vector encoding costimulator B7.1 was engineered. Incubation with AAV-B7.1 viruses resulted in rapid expression of B7.1 on the surface of 80% EL-4 cells. Transfected EL-4 cells vaccinated mice rejected the B7.1-engineered tumor cells, and resisted a secondary challenge with parental cells. Splenocytes from the vaccinated mice were highly cytotoxic towards parental EL-4 cells in vitro. However, the vaccinated mice failed to resist the challenge of a heavy burden of EL-4 cells. Combination of AAV-B7.1 vaccination and AAV-angiostatin therapy protected mice against the challenge of a heavy burden of EL-4 cells, and eradicated metastasized tumors that had disseminated to the liver. Furthermore, the combinational therapy promoted the survival rate of mice with advanced liver cancers. These encouraging results warrant future investigation of the use of AAV-mediated immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic gene therapy for targeting unresectable disseminated liver metastases.
Methylprednisolone pulse therapy in acute severe asthma
Authors: T. Engel, A. Dirksen, L. Frølund, J. H. Heinig, U. Gerner Svendsen, B. Klarlund Pedersen, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPPT) has been shown to possess a long‐lasting effect in other immune‐inflammatory diseases without the well‐known side effects caused by long‐term treatment with glucocorticosteroids. In an attempt to reduce the long‐term use of oral steroids in asthmatics, we conducted this double‐blind, double‐dummy study to compare the use of MPPT (1 g of methylprednisolone intravenously) (8 patients) with a short course of oral prednisolone (10 patients) in asthmatics presenting with acute severe asthma. Both treatments were effective in relieving the acute attack of asthma. The MPPT‐treated patients did not show a faster resolution than did the orally treated group. No patients needed assisted ventilation, and no deaths occurred. One week after the treatment FEV 1 tended to decrease in the methylprednisolone group compared with the oral prednisolone group (P = 0.06). The patients initially receiving MPPT needed supplementary prednisolone earlier and in higher doses than did the patients receiving oral prednisolone as initial treatment. At the end of the 12 weeks' study period, the groups reached identical FEV 1 . In conclusion, we did not find intravenous methylprednisolone superior to oral prednisolone in the treatment of acute attacks of severe asthma, but methylprednisolone pulse therapy had a shorter duration as regards protection against future asthma attacks.
EPIDEMIC HEMORRHAGIC FEVER: A SUMMARIZATION
Authors: Charles L. Leedham
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1953)

Article1 January 1953EPIDEMIC HEMORRHAGIC FEVER: A SUMMARIZATIONCHARLES L. LEEDHAMCHARLES L. LEEDHAMSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-38-1-106 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptINTRODUCTIONIt is not often in a medical career that one has the opportunity to participate in the investigation of the clinical pattern of a new disease entity. That opportunity, fortunately or unfortunately, was given by circumstances to the doctors of the Medical Services of the Far East Command. Needless to say, it has been seized with an awareness of the potentialities involved, and the investigators have worked long and hard. The results have been presented in the preceding symposium.The work was most fortunately begun with a ready-made background supplied by the Japanese investigators of a decade ago. At... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: MC Far East Command*Received for publication July 25, 1952.This presentation is a necessarily brief summarization of the papers presented at the Symposium on Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever, interpreted in the light of personal experience and thought. Much detail has been omitted in the interest of brevity. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRadiologic manifestations of epidemic haemorrhagic fever with renal syndromeHereditäre und endemische Nephropathien vorwiegend interstitieller LokalisationPathogenesis of rashes in virus diseasesArbor-Viren (durch Arthropoden übertragbare Viren)THE FORTY-NINTH STARRENAL SEQUELÆ OF EPIDEMIC HÆMORRHAGIC FEVERDas epidemische h�morrhagische FieberThe clinical course of epidemic hemorrhagic feverAnalysis of sequential physiologic derangements in epidemic hemorrhagic fever 1 January 1953Volume 38, Issue 1Page: 106-112KeywordsHemorrhagic feversMedical services ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1953 PDF downloadLoading ...
Interleukin‐21–Producing c‐Maf–Expressing CD4+ T Cells Induce Effector CD8+ T Cells and Enhance Autoimmune Inflammation in Scurfy Mice
Authors: Taro Iwamoto, Akira Suto, Shigeru Tanaka, Hiroaki Takatori, Kotaro Suzuki, Itsuo Iwamoto, Hiroshi Nakajima
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

FoxP3 induces Treg cells and prevents autoimmune diseases. However, the precise mechanisms of FoxP3 in the prevention of autoimmune diseases remain unknown. We undertook this study to determine the regulatory roles of FoxP3 in autoimmune inflammation by using FoxP3-mutant sf mice.We characterized interleukin-21 (IL-21)- producing cells in sf mice. We examined the underlying mechanisms of enhanced IL-21 production in sf mouse CD4+ T cells. We examined the roles of IL-21 and CD8+ T cells in autoimmune inflammation in sf mice using IL-21 receptor (IL-21R)-deficient sf mice.IL-21-producing c-Maf+CD4+ T cells, which were distinct from Th17 cells, were increased in sf mice. Increased c-Maf expression was involved in enhanced IL-21 production in sf mouse CD4+ T cells. Experiments using bone marrow chimeric mice showed that lack of cell-extrinsic suppression by FoxP3+ Treg cells, but not cell-intrinsic defects in FoxP3 in sf mouse CD4+ T cells, was mainly involved in the development of IL-21-producing c-Maf+CD4+ T cells in sf mice. IL-21R deficiency prolonged survival and reduced multiorgan autoimmune inflammation in sf mice. Moreover, IL-21R deficiency decreased short-lived effector CD8+ T cells in the lung in sf mice. Furthermore, depletion of CD8+ T cells inhibited lung inflammation in sf mice, suggesting that CD8+ T cells are critical for inducing lung inflammation in sf mice.Unique IL-21-producing c-Maf+ CD4+ T cells develop in the absence of FoxP3+ Treg cells, induce short-lived effector CD8+ T cells, and enhance multiorgan autoimmune inflammation in sf mice.
Abstract P1-10-03: NSABP B-43 is unlikely to produce a cost-effective treatment strategy for HER2+ DCIS
Authors: Michael D Alvarado, Mitchell T Hayes, Rajni Sethi, Elissa Ozanne
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-43 is an ongoing randomized clinical trial that compares breast conserving surgery, radiation therapy, and two infusions of trastuzumab to breast-conserving surgery and radiation only for HER2+ ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We sought to identify, from a societal perspective, the level of risk reduction observed in this trial that would be required to make treating HER2+ DCIS patients with trastuzumab cost-effective. Methods. We developed a Markov decision-analytic model to evaluate these treatment strategies in terms of life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) over 15 years. The results of NSABP B-43 are pending. We therefore assumed the hazard reduction to be 36%, based on the statistical considerations of the trial protocol and explored this in sensitivity analyses. A series of one and two-way sensitivity tests were conducted. Results. The baseline ICER for switching from a breast-conserving surgery and radiation strategy without trastuzumab treatment to a breast-conserving surgery and radiation strategy with trastuzumab treatment is $1.57 million per life-year gained and $299,616.73 per QALY gained. Compared to a societal willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000 per QALY gained, adding Herceptin treatment is not cost-effective in the treatment of DCIS under these baseline conditions. In a one-way sensitivity test, we found that the Herceptin strategy only became cost-effective at an 88.3% risk reduction for local recurrence. The model was not sensitive to any costs or probabilities within 20% of baseline values. The model was sensitive to the utilities of having had breast-conserving surgery and radiation with and without trastuzumab treatment. It was not sensitive to other utilities within 0.05 of baseline values. Conclusions. High risk DCIS treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiation has a low risk of local recurrence as demonstrated in multiple randomized trials. The addition of a costly drug in order to reduce this small risk further is very unlikely to be cost-effective and could be considered overtreatment of a non-fatal disease that is sufficiently managed with local treatment. Prospective cost-effectiveness analyses have the potential to guide allocation of valuable resources for breast cancer research, and should be regularly integrated into the protocol design of large clinical trials. Citation Format: Michael D Alvarado, Mitchell T Hayes, Rajni Sethi, Elissa Ozanne. NSABP B-43 is unlikely to produce a cost-effective treatment strategy for HER2+ DCIS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-10-03.
ANEURYSM OF AORTA WITH COMPRESSION OF PULMONARY ARTERY AND LEFT AURICLE
Authors: Bernard B. Eichler, Sidney N. Heller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1945)

Case Reports1 October 1945ANEURYSM OF AORTA WITH COMPRESSION OF PULMONARY ARTERY AND LEFT AURICLEBERNARD B. EICHLER, M.D., SIDNEY N. HELLER, M.D.BERNARD B. EICHLER, M.D., SIDNEY N. HELLER, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-23-4-652 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCASE REPORTThe patient, a 42 year old Spaniard, was admitted on September 15, 1943, with the chief complaint of dyspnea of six months' duration.About six months previously the patient caught cold with which he had a stuffy nose, sore throat and cough. He was treated symptomatically by his private physician without improvement and about four months prior to this admission was hospitalized elsewhere for pneumonia. He remained there about one week and then tried to return to work as a grocery clerk, but had to stop because of dyspnea on the slightest exertion, and weakness. Following this, despite...Bibliography1. GARVINSIEGEL CFML: Cor pumonale due to obstruction of the pulmonary artery by syphilitic aortic aneurysms, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1939, cxcviii, 679. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. Glasgow Med. Jr.: 1897, xlviii, 120-128. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Montclair, New Jersey*Received for publication October 6, 1944.From the First Medical Division, Bellevue Hospital, New York City, Dr. I. Ogden Woodruff, Director. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCompression of pulmonary artery and bronchus by descending thoracic aortic aneurysmRupture of a Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm into the left pulmonary artery in a HorseSevere Extrinsic Pulmonic Stenosis Due to Callus Formation of the SternumSyphilitic Aneurysm of the ascending aorta producing pulmonic stenosis by compressionTraumatic Aortic Aneurysm Complicated by Obstruction of the Left Pulmonary ArteryCompression of the Pulmonary Artery by an Aneurysm of the Ascending AortaAneurysmenAneurysm of the ascending aorta obstructing right ventricular outflow and producing severe "pulmonary stenosis"Clinical Studies on Involvement of the Pulmonary Artery by Syphilitic Aortic AneurysmsTHE SYNDROME OF COMPRESSION OF THE PULMONARY ARTERY BY A SYPHILITIC AORTIC ANEURYSM RESULTING IN CHRONIC COR PULMONALE, WITH REPORT OF A CASE*JULIUS R. PEARSON, M.D., F.A.C.P., E. STERLING NICHOL, M.D., F.A.C.P.Syphilitic aneurysm of the aorta with rupture into the pulmonary arteryPulmonary Heart Disease 1 October 1945Volume 23, Issue 4Page: 652-660KeywordsAneurysmsAortaDyspneaPharyngitisPneumoniaPulmonary arteries ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1945 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract P329: Low-carbohydrate Diets and Incidence, Prevalence, and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (mesa)
Authors: Tian Hu, David Jacobs, Jennifer Nettleton, Lyn Steffen, Alain Bertoni, Jiang He, Lydia Bazzano
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: The coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is associated with the risk of coronary heart disease. We aimed to assess the relationship between low-carbohydrate dietary patterns and CAC scores in the MESA cohort. Methods: Our sample included 5,702 men and women who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease and had food frequency questionnaires at baseline (2000-2002), and at least one measure of CAC during follow-up. We excluded those with implausible energy intake (&lt;600 kcal/day or &gt;6000 kcal/day) or daily physical activity (&gt;24 hours). Two low-carbohydrate-diet (LCD) scores were generated: an overall LCD score was calculated based on total carbohydrate, fat, and protein, and a plant-based LCD score was calculated using intakes of unsaturated fat (excluding trans fat) and vegetable protein. CAC scores at exam 1 and at 2 and 3 (18 and 36 months later) were used in multivariable relative risk regression models to examine the association between LCD scores and CAC prevalence and incidence (binary), while robust regression was used to examine CAC progression (continuous). Analyses were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The mean age was 62 years, 48% of participants were male, and 40.8% were White. The mean (SD) levels of carbohydrate intake as a percentage of energy were 64.2 (5.2), 56.1 (4.9), 51.5 (3.7), 47.5 (4.0), and 42.1 (5.6) from the lowest to the highest quintiles of the overall LCD score. There were 2,652 (46.5%) participants who had positive CAC scores at baseline and 252 participants who had newly positive scores for CAC during follow-up. Among those with prevalent CAC at baseline, the median (IQR) of increases in CAC was 47 (132) over follow-ups. For incident CAC, relative risk estimates (95% CI) from Quintile 1 to 5 were 1, 0.73 (0.52, 1.02), 0.65 (0.45, 0.95), 0.90 (0.63, 1.28), 1.05 (0.77, 1.42) for overall LCD scores, and were 1, 1.14 (0.81, 1.61), 0.98 (0.71, 1.37), 1.08 (0.78, 1.49), 1.15 (0.82, 1.62) for plant-based LCD scores, respectively. No significant trend was observed for associations with incident CAC. There was no significant association between any LCD score and CAC prevalence or progression among those with positive CAC scores at baseline. Conclusions: A low-carbohydrate diet, including a plant-based low-carbohydrate diet, was not associated with prevalence, incidence, or progression of CAC among those with prevalent CAC at baseline.