tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Long-term Vitamin E Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events and Cancer
Authors: Eva Lonn, Jackie Bosch, Salim Yusuf, Patrick Sheridan, Janice Pogue, J Malcolm O Arnold, Catherine Ross, Andrew Arnold, Peter Sleight, Jeffrey Probstfield, Gilles R Dagenais
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Experimental and epidemiological data suggest that vitamin E supplementation may prevent cancer and cardiovascular events. Clinical trials have generally failed to confirm benefits, possibly due to their relatively short duration.To evaluate whether long-term supplementation with vitamin E decreases the risk of cancer, cancer death, and major cardiovascular events.A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled international trial (the initial Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation [HOPE] trial conducted between December 21, 1993, and April 15, 1999) of patients at least 55 years old with vascular disease or diabetes mellitus was extended (HOPE-The Ongoing Outcomes [HOPE-TOO]) between April 16, 1999, and May 26, 2003. Of the initial 267 HOPE centers that had enrolled 9541 patients, 174 centers participated in the HOPE-TOO trial. Of 7030 patients enrolled at these centers, 916 were deceased at the beginning of the extension, 1382 refused participation, 3994 continued to take the study intervention, and 738 agreed to passive follow-up. Median duration of follow-up was 7.0 years.Daily dose of natural source vitamin E (400 IU) or matching placebo.Primary outcomes included cancer incidence, cancer deaths, and major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death). Secondary outcomes included heart failure, unstable angina, and revascularizations.Among all HOPE patients, there were no significant differences in the primary analysis: for cancer incidence, there were 552 patients (11.6%) in the vitamin E group vs 586 (12.3%) in the placebo group (relative risk [RR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-1.06; P = .30); for cancer deaths, 156 (3.3%) vs 178 (3.7%), respectively (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.71-1.09; P = .24); and for major cardiovascular events, 1022 (21.5%) vs 985 (20.6%), respectively (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.96-1.14; P = .34). Patients in the vitamin E group had a higher risk of heart failure (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.26; P = .03) and hospitalization for heart failure (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.47; P = .045). Similarly, among patients enrolled at the centers participating in the HOPE-TOO trial, there were no differences in cancer incidence, cancer deaths, and major cardiovascular events, but higher rates of heart failure and hospitalizations for heart failure.In patients with vascular disease or diabetes mellitus, long-term vitamin E supplementation does not prevent cancer or major cardiovascular events and may increase the risk for heart failure.
Road Traffic and Railway Noise Exposures and Adiposity in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Cohort
Authors: Jeppe Schultz Christensen, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, Rikke B. Nordsborg, Matthias Ketzel, Thorkild IA Sørensen, Mette Sørensen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Traffic noise has been associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Potential modes of action are through stress and sleep disturbance, which may lead to endocrine dysregulation and overweight.We aimed to investigate the relationship between residential traffic and railway noise and adiposity.In this cross-sectional study of 57,053 middle-aged people, height, weight, waist circumference, and bioelectrical impedance were measured at enrollment (1993-1997). Body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (BFMI), and lean body mass index (LBMI) were calculated. Residential exposure to road and railway traffic noise exposure was calculated using the Nordic prediction method. Associations between traffic noise and anthropometric measures at enrollment were analyzed using general linear models and logistic regression adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors.Linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic factors showed that 5-year mean road traffic noise exposure preceding enrollment was associated with a 0.35-cm wider waist circumference (95% CI: 0.21, 0.50) and a 0.18-point higher BMI (95% CI: 0.12, 0.23) per 10 dB. Small, significant increases were also found for BFMI and LBMI. All associations followed linear exposure-response relationships. Exposure to railway noise was not linearly associated with adiposity measures. However, exposure > 60 dB was associated with a 0.71-cm wider waist circumference (95% CI: 0.23, 1.19) and a 0.19-point higher BMI (95% CI: 0.0072, 0.37) compared with unexposed participants (0-20 dB).The present study finds positive associations between residential exposure to road traffic and railway noise and adiposity.
Publishers Debate Future of Online Journals
Authors: R Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4012: Large-scale characterization of DNA methylation changes in human gastric carcinomas with and without metastasis
Authors: Zhaojun Liu, Jun Zhang, Yanhong Gao, Lirong Pei, Naoko Hattori, Budong Zhu, Jiafu Ji, Yasuhito Yuasa, Wooho Kim, Toshikazu Ushijima, Huidong Shi, Dajun Deng
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Metastasis is the leading cause of caner-related death for solid tumors including gastric carcinoma (GC). An epigenetic biomarker panel for prediction GC metastasis will have clinical impact on the care of GC patients. In order to characterize the methylation differences between GCs with and without metastasis, genome-wide DNA methylation profiles were compared between 4 metastatic and 4 non-metastatic GCs and their surgical margins (SM). The GC genome showed significantly higher proportions of hypomethylation in the promoter and exon-1 regions, as well as increased hypermethylation of intragenic fragments when compared to SMs. From the list of differentially methylated CpG islands (CGIs), 63 candidate genes and 10 known tumor-related genes were selected for further analysis based on their known functions. Significant differential methylation was validated in the CGIs of 15 genes (Ps&amp;lt;0.05) and confirmed using bisulfite-sequencing. These genes included BMP3, BNIP3, CDKN2A, ECEL1, ELK1, GFRA1, HOXD10, KCNH1, PSMD10, PTPRT, SIGIRR, SRF, TBX5, TFPI2, and ZNF382. Hypermethylation of CGIs in several genes resulted in inactivation of their transcription; however, hypomethylation of GFRA1 correlated with an increase in expression. Most importantly, the prevalence of GFRA1, SRF, and ZNF382 methylation alterations were inversely and coordinately associated with GC metastasis and the patients' overall survival throughout discovery and validation cohorts in China (n=108 and 222), and two independent validation cohorts in Japan and Korea (n=129 and 153). Multivariate analysis showed that the number of combined methylation changes of GFRA1, SRF, and ZNF382 was an independent predictor of overall survival for GC patients in the above 4 patient cohorts (n=246) after adjusting for the pTNM stage, GC location, differentiation, vascular embolus, age, and sex (HR=0.753; 95%CI [0.584-0.972]). The metastasis-prediction values of GFRA1 and SRF methylation are stronger than those of MMP7. In conclusion, methylation changes of GFRA1, SRF, and ZNF382 may be a potential biomarker set for prediction of GC metastasis. Citation Format: Zhaojun Liu, Jun Zhang, Yanhong Gao, Lirong Pei, Naoko Hattori, Budong Zhu, Jiafu Ji, Yasuhito Yuasa, Wooho Kim, Toshikazu Ushijima, Huidong Shi, Dajun Deng. Large-scale characterization of DNA methylation changes in human gastric carcinomas with and without metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4012. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4012
Abstract P403: Blood Pressure Differences Associated With OMNIHEART-like Lower Sodium Compared With Typical American Higher Sodium Nutrient Profile: INTERMAP USA
Authors: John Molitor, Ian J Brown, Queenie Chan, Michail Papathomas, Silvia Liverani, NuooTing Molitor, Sylvia Richardson, Linda Van Horn, Martha L Daviglus, Jeremiah Stamler, Paul Elliott
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: The DASH-Sodium trial demonstrated beneficial effects on blood pressure (BP) of the DASH diet with lower sodium intake, compared to typical American diet with higher sodium. The subsequent OMNIHEART trial reported additional benefits for BP by replacing carbohydrate in the DASH diet with either protein or monounsaturated fats. Objective: Assess possible BP benefits of a lower sodium OMNIHEART-like diet in free-living Americans using two statistical methods: a linear OMNIHEART nutrient score, and a Bayesian approach comparing estimated BP levels with an OMNIHEART-like lower sodium nutrient profile (“OMNIHEART”) and with a typical American higher sodium profile (“Control”). Methods: Cross-sectional data include four 24-h dietary recalls, two timed 24-h urine collections, eight BP readings for 2,195 individuals ages 40-59 from the International Study on Macro/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP). An OMNIHEART score (with 9 nutrient targets, based on the protein arm of the trial) was calculated for each participant and regressed on BP. For Bayesian profile regression, participants were assigned to clusters based on similarity of their nutrient profiles; pre-specified OMNIHEART and Control profiles were assigned to clusters. Posterior distributions were obtained for mean BP levels associated with OMNIHEART and Control profiles. Results: With adjustment for potential confounders, an OMNIHEART score higher by one point was associated with systolic/diastolic BP differences of 1.0/ 0.5 mmHg (both P&lt;0.001). Mean systolic/diastolic BPs were 111.3/68.4 and 115.2/70.6 mmHg for Bayesian OMNIHEART and Control profiles respectively; controlled for possible confounders, average BP differences were 3.9/ 2.2 mmHg (P(diff≥0) =0.98/0.96). Findings were comparable for men and women, for non-hypertensive participants, and with adjustment for antihypertensive treatment. Conclusions: These findings indicate broad generalisability of DASH and OMNIHEART trial results, and support recommendations for reduced sodium OMNIHEART-style diet for prevention/control of population-wide adverse BP levels.
Clonal Expansion of Adaptive NK Cells and NKG2C+CD57+ KIR-Expressing T Cells from Sibling, but Not Umbilical Cord Blood, Grafts Is Induced By Recipient Latent CMV and Is Associated with Protection Against CMV Reactivation
Authors: Zachary B. Davis, Frank Cichocki, Martin Felices, Rose Wangen, Todd E. DeFor, Sarah A. Cooley, Yenan T. Bryceson, Don J. Diamond, Claudio Brunstein, Bruce R. Blazar, John E. Wagner, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Amir Horowitz, Lisbeth A Guethlein, Peter Parham, Michael R. Verneris, Jeffrey S. Miller
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 6175: The Time-delay that Nullify the Advantage of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty over Fibrinolysis is Affected by Patients’ Risk: 1-Hour Does Not Fit All
Authors: Giuseppe Tarantini, Nicola Gasparetto, Massimo Napodano, Renato Razzolini, Angelo Ramondo, Sabino Iliceto
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Abstract: Background. The mortality benefit of primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PPCI) over fibrinolysis is risk and time dependent. A PPCI-delay &gt; 60 minute nullify the mortality advantage of PPCI. Registry data have shown that the acceptable PPCI-delay depends on the risk of the patient. We explored the relationship between the risk and PPCI-delay leading to equivalent 30-day mortality between PPCI and fibrinolysis by the results of published randomized trials comparing PPCI with fibrinolytic therapy using fibrin specific agents Methods We included 14 trials into final analysis. The DANAMI-2 study, which consisted of 2 substudies was treated as 2 separate trials. When the outcome is mortality, the control (lytic arm) mortality rate can be interpreted as a proxy for mortality risk. We calculated the PPCI-delay as the difference between mean or median door-to-balloon - door-to-needle time and PPCI survival benefit as 30-day mortality after fibrinolysis minus 30-day mortality after PPCI. Results. Multiple regression analysis showed that fibrinolysis mortality risk (regression coefficient 0.96, p &lt;0.001) and PPCI delay (regression coefficient −0.044, p &lt;0.02) were independently correlated with 30-day survival benefit of PPCI without an interaction (p = 0.6). Figure shows the P PCI-delays that lead to equivalent 30-day mortality between PPCI and fibrinolysis according to different risk of the STEMI. Conclusions. The mortality risk of the STEMI patients may modify the acceptable amount of delays to choose a given reperfusion strategy. A longer delay could be justified to choose PPCI instead of fibrinolysis (fibrin specific agents) in high-risk STEMI patients.
Gefitinib enhances TRAIL sensitivity in bladder cancer cells through an Akt-dependent mechanism
Authors: Marissa Shrader, Maria Simona Pino, David J. McConkey
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

739   The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in bladder cancer progression. Most bladder cancers, like most epithelial cancers, overexpress members of the erbB family and transgene-driven overexpression of the EGFR within the bladder enhanced tumor progression in mice. EGFR signaling has long been an attractive therapeutic target and EGFR blockade is effective in preclinical mouse models. Gefitinib (Iressa™/ZD1839) is an orally active quinazoline derivative that selectively inhibits the EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and is under use in clinical trials. Although gefitinib displayed promising activity in preclinical models it performed less well in patients with NSCLC and other cancers in Phase I and II clinical trials. Results from Phase III trials indicated that combining gefitinib and conventional chemotherapy in NSCLC patients provided no increased benefit compared to chemotherapy alone. However, combination therapy employing novel cytotoxic agents and gefitinib may increase anti-tumor efficacy and improve patient responses. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of gefitinib-mediated EGFR inhibition on cell death induced by some of the more attractive agents being considered for gefitinib-based combination therapy trials. Our data confirm that human bladder cancer cells display marked heterogeneity in gefitinib responsiveness in vitro. The results also show that although gefitinib had no positive effect on apoptosis induced by conventional chemotherapeutic agents (gemcitabine and paclitaxel) it interacted synergistically with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in the gefitinib-sensitive cells to induce high levels of apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that inhibition of Akt, a downstream mediator of EGFR signaling, resulted in increased sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in all cell lines tested and this was due to a marked increase in procaspase-8 processing. Taken together our results indicate that gefitinib-mediated TRAIL sensitization may be due to inhibition of Akt signaling and the resultant increase in procaspase-8 processing. Furthermore, therapies targeting the Akt pathway may provide more clinical benefit than therapies targeting the EGFR as they are more global mediators of apoptotic sensitivity.
Abstract 4550: Antiproliferative activity of 8-methoxypsoralen without UV light irradiation: A new perspective for cancer therapy
Authors: Diêgo M. de Oliveira, Rute M F Lima, Eudes S. Velozo, Ilza A. Amorim, Tales H A Mota, Silvia L. Costa, Fabio P. Silva, Ramon S. El-Bachá
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The furanocoumarin-derivative 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) is commonly used combined with UV light irradiation for treatment of skin diseases. We have recently demonstrated that 8-MOP inhibits GST-P1 in tumor cells and acts as chemosensitizer. These new data show direct antitumor activity of this compound without photoactivation in an in vitro model of glioma, the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor. Rat glioma C6 cells and human glioblastoma GL-15 cells were submitted to treatment with 8-MOP, as well as primary rat astrocytes cultures for comparison. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay; phase contrast microscopy and quantification of total protein content were also performed. The trypan blue dye exclusion assay and colony formation test were used to analyze cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analyses. Morphological changes were accessed by electron microscopy and proteins expression was studied by using immunolabeling techniques. As main results, 8-MOP reduced cell viability and cellularity, time- and dose-dependently, more efficiently in tumor than in normal cells. The compound also showed considerable antiproliferative effect against tumor cells and induced cell death by apoptosis when used at high concentration. However, 8-MOP did not promote cell cycle arrest and also did not increase labeling of markers associated to bad prognostic. Additional tests with cell lines from other tumors (breast cancer, colorectal cancer and lymphoma) showed that they respond differently to 8-MOP treatment, pointing to a pathway-specificity of its action. A qualitative structure-activity relationship study was also performed using coumarin derivatives structurally related to 8-MOP, from these experiments it was possible to suggest the relevance of each part of 8-MOP molecular structure for antiproliferative action. These results point furanocoumarin derivatives as a possible new class of anticancer agents. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Diêgo M. de Oliveira, Rute M F Lima, Eudes S. Velozo, Ilza A. Amorim, Tales H A Mota, Silvia L. Costa, Fabio P. Silva, Ramon S. El-Bachá. Antiproliferative activity of 8-methoxypsoralen without UV light irradiation: A new perspective for cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4550. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4550
Cytosolic Nuclease TREX1 Regulates Oligosaccharyltransferase Activity Independent of Nuclease Activity to Suppress Immune Activation
Authors: Maroof Hasan, Charles S. Fermaintt, Ningguo Gao, Tomomi Sakai, Takuya Miyazaki, Sixin Jiang, Quan-Zhen Li, John P. Atkinson, Herbert C. Morse, Mark A. Lehrman, Nan Yan
Journal: Immunity (2015)
High levels of human herpesvirus 8 viral load, human interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and C reactive protein correlate with exacerbation of multicentric Castleman disease in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Eric Oksenhendler, Guislaine Carcelain, Yoshiyasu Aoki, Emmanuelle Boulanger, Anne Maillard, Jean-Pierre Clauvel, Félix Agbalika
Journal: Blood (2000)
Hyaluronic acid-serum hydrogels rapidly restore metabolism of encapsulated stem cells and promote engraftment
Authors: Angel T. Chan, Mehmet F. Karakas, Styliani Vakrou, Junaid Afzal, Andrew Rittenbach, Xiaoping Lin, Richard L. Wahl, Martin G. Pomper, Charles J. Steenbergen, Benjamin M.W. Tsui, Jennifer H. Elisseeff, M. Roselle Abraham
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Hemopericardium in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: Circulation (1999)

ECG recordings (leads I, II, III, V 1 , V 2 , and V 3 ) obtained in the years indicated.Note the subtle changes in the ST-segment elevation pattern and the gradually shifting electrical axis.In the ECG from 1990, Q waves are visualized in leads V 1 and V 2 as a result of an anteroseptal MI in 1989.
Abstract P6-09-07: The development of a prediction tool for moderate to severe diarrhea in HER-2/hormone positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients receiving lapatinib in combination with letrozole (L-L)
Authors: George Dranitsaris, Mario E Locouture
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: For patients with HER-2/hormone positive MBC, the addition of lapatinib to letrozole is associated improvements in tumour response rates and a prolongation of progression free survival. However, moderate to severe diarrhea (≥ grade 2) is a potentially serious toxicity which can lead to dose reductions, delays, hospitalizations and even the premature discontinuation of treatment. Patient care could substantially be improved if these diarrhea events could be accurately predicted through the use of validated and easy-to-use mathematical models. In this study, the development of a repeated measures model to predict the risk of ≥ grade 2 diarrhea prior to each month of L-L therapy is described. Methods Data from 111 patients who received the L-L combination as part of a clinical trial were reviewed [Johnston, 2009]. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to develop the final risk model using a backwards elimination process. Internal validation of the final regression coefficients was done using nonparametric bootstrapping. A risk scoring algorithm (range 0-250) was then derived from the final model coefficients. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was then undertaken to measure the predictive accuracy of the final scoring algorithm. Results: Presence of skin and lung metastases at baseline, cumulative lapatinib dose and Hg level (nadir) were identified as being important predictors for ≥ grade 2 diarrhea. There was also a negative association between time on therapy and risk of diarrhea where a higher frequency was observed in the first few months. The ROC analysis indicated good predictive accuracy with an area under the curve of 0.80 (95%CI: 0.72 – 0.88). Prior to each new month of therapy, patients with risk scores &amp;gt; 125 units would be considered at high risk for developing ≥ grade 2 diarrhea. Conclusions: Risk of ≥ grade 2 diarrhea is associated with cumulative lapatinib exposure, disease related factors as well as Hg level. The planned external validation and eventual clinical application of this prediction tool will be an important source of risk information for the practicing oncologist and can enhance patient care by optimizing preventative therapies earlier in a proactive manner. Citation Format: George Dranitsaris, Mario E Locouture. The development of a prediction tool for moderate to severe diarrhea in HER-2/hormone positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients receiving lapatinib in combination with letrozole (L-L) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-09-07.