tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emphysema and respiratory bronchiolitis (RB) on high resolution computed tomography of the thorax (HRCT) in smokers with normal spirometry
Authors: Rodrigo Gil, Mauricio Salinas, Matias Florenzano, Patricia Bitar, Ivonne Moyna
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: diagnosis of COPD is usually late. It is known that smokers can have pulmonary emphysema with normal spirometry, and later develop COPD. Patients with emphysema have more lung cancer and increased rate of FEV1 decline. Also a significant predictor for smoking cessation is a CT abnormality detected on a screening examination. Most of these studies have been done in lung cancer screening with low dose CT, many in men, and in non Hispanic population.

Objective: to describe the prevalence of emphysema and other smoking related pathologies in a population of asymptomatic Hispanic smokers, women and men, with normal spirometry, studied with HRCT.

Methods: our institution has been offering a pulmonary check-up for smokers since January 2008. We designed a standard protocol to study this cohort. Smokers have pre and post bronchodilator spirometry, DLCO (ATS standards), HRCT (Siemens Sensation 64 channels), Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) and a visit to a pulmonary physician.

Results: 337 smokers, 184 (54.6%) females, age 59.3 ± 9.2 (mean and standard deviation) years old, 32.2 ± 18.8 packs a year, 247 (73.3)% current smokers. From 283 (83.9%) smokers with normal spirometry, 122 (43.1%) have emphysema, 71 (25%) have RB, and 10 (3.5%) have interstitial lung disease, 198 (69.9%) have MMRC=0. From 122 with emphysema and normal spirometry, 46 (59.7%) have low DLCO.

Conclusion: a large number of asymptomatic smokers studied with HRCT have emphysema and RB with normal spirometry.

DLCO could be an early marker of emphysema in this population.
INFANTILE ECZEMA AND ELECTRO-ENCEPHALOGRAPHY..
Authors: W. J. O'DONOVAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1954)

Journal Article INFANTILE ECZEMA AND ELECTRO‐ENCEPHALOGRAPHY.: CLINICAL REPORT. Get access W. J. O'DONOVAN, O.B.E., K.S.G., M.D. W. J. O'DONOVAN, O.B.E., K.S.G., M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 66, Issue 10, 1 October 1954, Pages 350–352, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1954.tb12560.x Published: 01 October 1954
Mental health effects of the Three Mile Island nuclear reactor restart
Authors: M A Dew, E J Bromet, H C Schulberg, L O Dunn, D K Parkinson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Controversy over potential mental health effects of the Three Mile Island Unit-1 restart led the authors to examine prospectively the pattern of psychiatric symptoms in a sample of Three Mile Island area mothers of young children. Symptom levels after restart were elevated over previous levels; a sizable subcohort of the sample reported relatively serious degrees of postrestart distress. History of diagnosable major depression and generalized anxiety following the Three Mile Island accident, plus symptoms and beliefs about personal risk prior to the restart, best predicted postrestart symptoms.
Prominence of Cell-Mediated Immunity Effectors in “Pauci-Immune” Glomerulonephritis
Authors: MALCOLM A. CUNNINGHAM, XIAO RU HUANG, JOHN P. DOWLING, PETER G. TIPPING, STEPHEN R. HOLDSWORTH
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. The majority of patients with rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis show histologic features of extensive necrosis and focal and segmental proliferation with fibrin production, but little or absent Ig deposition in the glomerulus. This subcategory of the disease, labeled “pauci-immune” glomerulonephritis, has recently been shown to be associated with the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in the patient's circulation (but not within the glomerulus). The absence of the effectors of humoral immunity at the site of renal injury led to this investigation of the contribution of cell-mediated immunity to the glomerular injury in this form of glomerulonephritis. In 15 patients presenting acutely with pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, CD3-positive T cells (3.7 ± 2.5 [mean ± SD] cells per glomerular cross section, [c/gcs]), CD45RO-positive T cells (2.7 ± 1.9 c/cgs), macrophages (7.3 ± 6.1 c/gcs), fibrin (3+), and endothelial-associated tissue factor were demonstrated to be prominent in glomeruli. These mediators were absent in a group of 12 patients with thin basement membrane disease and only occasionally observed in a group of eight patients with “humorally mediated” (noncrescentic) glomerulonephritis. Thus, in pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, there is the development of significant cell-mediated immunity with activated T cells, macrophages, tissue factor, and fibrin at the site of glomerular injury, suggesting that this glomerular disease is most likely a manifestation of T cell-directed cognate immune injury.
Association of Pharmacokinetics or Pharmacogenomics with Toxicity of Erlotinib in Patients with Advanced Nsclc
Authors: Takashi Hirose, Ken-ichi Fujita, Sojiro Kusumoto, Takao Shirai, Tomohide Sugiyama, Masanao Nakashima, Tohru Ohmori, Yasutsuna Sasaki, Atsuhisa Tamura, Ken Ohta
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
STATISTICAL CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MENTAL HYGIENE STUDY OF THE EASTERN HEALTH DISTRICT OF BALTIMORE
Authors: Bernard M. Cohen, Ruth E. Fairbank
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1938)

1. The rate of first admissions of psychotics to hospitals for mental disease from the Eastern Health District in 1933 is 17.5.0 per 100,000 of the population 15 years of age and over. The race and sex specific rates are: white males, 172.3; white females, 138.9; negro males, 376.0; negro females, 137.9. The negro male rate is significantly different from the others, and the difference seems to be due to an exceptionally high proportion of syphilitic psychosis in that group. 2. The average rates of first admissions per year, for the years 1933 to 1936 inclusive are: white males, 161.2; white females, 116.2; negro males, 250.7; negro females, 143.6. 3. The prevalence of psychosis in the district in 1933, as measured by all discoverable cases who could be allocated to the district, is 818.4 per 100,000 of the population 15 years of age and over. The race and sex specific rates are: white males, 874.4; white females, 875.7; negro males, 827.3; negro females, 390.7. The relative deficiency of negro females cannot be explained. 4. The two wards of the district differ appreciably in prevalence of psychosis. The rates are: 5. The differences between the two wards are not associated with differences in age composition of the populations of the two wards. No explanation for the differences has yet been discovered, but the general fact appears to be one of importance to psychiatry.
New Issues in Systemic Therapy for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Deborah K. Armstrong
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Most patients with ovarian cancer require systemic therapy upfront and again on recurrence. Treatment advances over the past decade have been few, but bevacizumab prolongs disease remission, if not survival. Other targeted agents have not been effective, but emerging data for experimental agents suggest this outlook may change. In her presentation at the NCCN 18th Annual Conference, Dr. Deborah K. Armstrong reviewed findings supporting intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the use of bevacizumab, the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the potential of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and other newer agents.
A Method for the Control of Lymphoid Leukosis in Chickens
Authors: B. H. Rispens, G. F. de Boer, A. Hoogerbrugge, J. van Vloten
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Lymphoid leukosis (LL) was eliminated from 3 inbred lines of White Leghorn chickens that were temporarily kept in isolation. The method of control was based on three elements: 1) From an infected flock we selected hens that produced LL virus-free eggs. Pooled extracts from groups of embryos were tested for vertical virus transmission by the nonproducer cell activation test. 2) Only eggs from dams that did not congenitally shed virus to their embryos were used to produce progeny. The offspring were reared in isolation for 2 months (at which time the age-related resistance against tumor formation had developed sufficiently). 3) The birds were subsequently inoculated im with 10(5) mean tissue culture infective doses of LL viruses of subgroups A and B and transferred to a conventional chicken house. The controlled exposure provided immunity against LL virus infection in a highly infect environment. This procedure resulted in birds a) with no boservable LL, and b) producing LL virus-free eggs. To obtain flocks that had no LL and produced virus-free progeny, the procedure had to be repeated for at least two generations due to the intermittent virus excretion that often occurred.
Informed Consent and Communicating Risk and Benefits of Research on Higher-Risk Medications
Authors: Joseph S. Ross
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Tanya Bhattacharya, BS; Debra G. Tice, MS; Pranathi Lingam, MD; Aleksandra Florek, MD; Eileen M. Yates, MS; Sigmund Weitzman, MD; Steven M. Belknap, MD
COPD admissions and inhaled medications: Escalating prescription costs but no evidence of effect. A national primary care study
Authors: Timothy Harries, Paul Seed, Simon Jones, Peter Schofield, Patrick White
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective:   To investigate the impact of rising primary care prescribing of inhaled long-acting anti-muscarinic (LAMA) and combined inhaled long-acting beta-agonist and corticosteroid (LABA+ICS) drugs on COPD admissions.   Design:   Retrospective analysis of COPD admission and prescribing data routinely collected between 2001 and 2010.   Setting:   Representative group of 806 English general practices (population 5,264,506).   Participants:   Patients admitted to hospital with a COPD exacerbation (2001 – 2010).   Main outcome measures:   Rates of COPD patient admissions and prescription costs of LAMA and LABA+ICS for each practice. General practice characteristics obtained from the UK quality and outcomes framework.   Results:   Rates of COPD admissions remained stable from 2001 to 2010. Practice prescribing volumes of LAMA per practice patient and LABA+ICS per practice patient increased by 61% and 26% respectively between 2007 and 2010. Correlation between costs of LAMA and those of LABA+ICS rose year on year, highest in 2010 (Pearson’s r=0.68; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.72). Practice COPD admission rates were positively predicted by practice prescribing volumes of LAMA (2010: B = 1.23, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.85) and of LABA+ICS (2010: B = 0.32, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.52) when controlling for practice list size, COPD prevalence and deprivation.   Conclusions: Rising prescribing of LAMA and LABA+ICS inhalers was not associated with a fall in hospital admission rates for COPD patients. The positive correlation between high practice COPD prescribing and high practice COPD admissions was not explained.
Chronic allograft nephropathy in the rat is improved by angiotensin II receptor blockade but not by calcium channel antagonism.
Authors: S C Amuchastegui, N Azzollini, M Mister, A Pezzotta, N Perico, G Remuzzi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

Functional and structural changes of chronic renal allograft failure share similarities with other chronic nephropathies with low nephron number. In models of reduced nephron number, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers prevented proteinuria and retarded renal lesions. This study investigates whether blockade of angiotensin II activity prevented chronic allograft injury in the Fisher 344 --> Lewis rat kidney transplant model, and compares its effect with that of calcium channel blockers, the main antihypertensive agents used in transplant patients to control BP. Transplanted rats received either no treatment (control), the type 1 angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan, or the calcium channel blocker lacidipine. Rats received cyclosporine for the first 10 d posttransplant to prevent acute rejection. Doses of antihypertensive drugs were adjusted to achieve a comparable level of BP control throughout the study. Awake systolic BP was comparable in animals given losartan or lacidipine during the 6-mo observation period. Daily treatment with losartan but not lacidipine resulted in a significant decrease in the amount of proteinuria, preserved glomerular and tubulointerstitial structure, and improved graft survival compared with corresponding parameters in control untreated rats. GFR, measured as inulin and p-aminohippurate clearances, respectively, in rats surviving the 6-mo follow-up, was numerically but not significantly higher in losartan-treated animals than in all other groups. Thus, at comparable levels of BP control, losartan but not lacidipine effectively protects animals from chronic allograft injury and allows long-term survival.
Cisplatin Plus Pemetrexed (Cp) Versus Cisplatin Plus Gemcitabine (Cg) According to Thymidylate Synthase Expression in Non-Squamous Nsclc: a Biomarker-Stratified Randomized Phase Ii Trial
Authors: M.A. Ahn, J. Sun, J.S. Ahn, S. Jung, K. Park
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Short-term effects of quitting smoking in TNF-α and interleukin-10 serum and nasal lavage levels
Authors: Marceli Rocha Leite, Dionei Ramos, Rafaella Fagundes Xavier, Juliana Tiyaki Ito, Fernanda Maria Machado Rodrigues, Juliana Nicolino, Alessandra Choqueta de Toledo, Ercy Mara Cipulo Ramos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Some systemic benefits of quitting smoking are known, however, the immediate effects on inflammatory biomarkers have not been well described. The purpose of this study was to evaluate inflammatory biomarkers during a smoking cessation program (SCP). Twenty two abstinent smokers (age 50 [40-55] years; 13 [6-38] pack/years index; FEV1% 92,5 [87-104] enrolled in a SCP were evaluated at baseline and after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of abstinence. The measurements of TNFα and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels on nasal lavage and blood plasma (ELISA) and exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO), carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb). Current smokers (n=9; age 54[50-60] years; 28[19-42] pack/years index; FEV1% 96 [82-104] and non-smokers (n=8; age 53 [33-60] years; FEV1% 104,5 [93,5-106]) were also evaluated at the same time points. Statistical analyses were performed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey for parametric data and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn9s test for non parametric data. There was a significant decrease in eCO and COHb in abstinent smokers after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of abstinence (p
Human Alveolar Macrophage Growth Factor for Fibroblasts
Authors: Peter B. Bitterman, Stephen I. Rennard, Gary W. Hunninghake, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The number of fibroblasts composing the alveolar structures in controlled within narrow limits by a strictly modulated rate of fibroblast replication. One possible source of growth-modulating signals for alveolar fibroblasts is the alveolar macrophage, a member of the mononuclear phagocyte family of cells, which collectively are known to be important sources of growth factors for a variety of target cells. To evaluate the role of alveolar macrophages in the control of alveolar fibroblast replication, macrophages from normal individuals obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage were maintained in suspension culture with and without added stimuli, and supernates were evaluated for fibroblast growth-promoting effect. Supernates from unstimulated macrophages contained no growth factor activity. In marked contrast, supernates from macrophages stimulated with particulates and immune complexes contained a growth factor that caused a significant increase in fibroblast replication rate. Maximum growth factor activity was observed 3-4 h after macrophage stimulation, at a concentration of 1-2 × 106 macrophages/ml. The alveolar macrophagederived growth factor eluted from DEAE-cellulose at 0.27 M NaCl at neutral pH had an apparent molecular weight of 18,000, and appeared to be distinct from other characterized growth factors. The alveolar macrophage-derived growth factor stimulated lung fibroblast DNA synthesis within 12 h, with cell division apparent within 48 h. In serum-free culture, the alveolar macrophage-derived growth factor by itself did not promote fibroblast replication, but rather acted as a progression factor causing a synergistic increase in fibroblast replication rate in the presence of competence factors such as fibroblast growth factor or platelet-derived growth factor. These studies suggest that when stimulated, human alveolar macrophages may modulate, in part, the replication rate of alveolar fibroblasts by releasing a growth factor within the alveolar microenvironment.
Sandfly fever virus activity in central/northern Anatolia, Turkey: first report of Toscana virus infections
Authors: K. Ergünay, M.B. Saygan, S. Aydogan, M.M. Lo, M. Weidmann, M. Dilcher, B. şener, G. Hasçelik, A. Pinar, D. Us
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Inhibition of Mcl-1 with the pan–Bcl-2 family inhibitor (–)BI97D6 overcomes ABT-737 resistance in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rongqing Pan, Vivian R. Ruvolo, Jun Wei, Marina Konopleva, John C. Reed, Maurizio Pellecchia, Michael Andreeff, Peter P. Ruvolo
Journal: Blood (2015)
Exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: importance of active and passive components of the ventilatory system
Authors: A Loiseau, C Dubreuil, P Loiseau, JC Pujet, R Georges, G Saumon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

We investigated which components of ventilatory function are related to exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Physical characteristics, usual lung function, timing and neuromuscular components of ventilation were measured in 113 outpatients in whom FEV1/VC was less than 75% of the predicted value and exercise was limited by breathlessness. These variables were used to predict the maximum work load during progressive bicycle exercise. The prediction was obtained using a stepwise procedure in men and women separately. Among the variables selected, age, body weight, FEV1/VC, PImax, and P0.1/VT/TI accounted for 79% of the variability in maximum performance in men. The predictive model was statistically verified and was stable. The mean prediction error was 12 Watts. Among these variables, P0.1/VT/TI, PImax, and FEV1/VC were the main determinants of maximum work load (MWL). These results show that exercise limitation in COPD is related to impairment of both the active (inspiratory muscles) and passive (respiratory impedance) components of the ventilatory system. The same conclusions concerning passive components are proposed for women, despite a smaller population which prevented verification of the prediction.
Spontaneous Leukemia Viruses: Lymphomagenic Ecotropic Viruses of AKR Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E F Hays, N Margaretten, S K Swanson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The spontaneous leukemia (SL) viruses are ecotropic lymphomagenic viruses isolated from AKR spontaneous lymphomas. These viruses are produced stably by continuous cell lines from spontaneous lymphomas and by a cell line derived from the bone marrow stroma of an AKR mouse neonatally inoculated with an SL virus. All cell lines cloned from the parent lymphoma cell lines consistently produce SL viruses. These viruses can be passaged in vivo and maintain their leukemogenic properties. Cloned isolates of SL viruses accelerate lymphoma in AKR mice and induce thymic lymphoma in mice of other strains. Thus their lymphomagenic properties are conclusively shown. In a study with the use of a sensitive host range assay, xenotropic and/or dual-host range viruses are consistently found in spontaneous lymphoma and cell lines derived from them. However, viruses able to replicate in mink lung cells are not expressed in SL virus-induced lymphomas or their derived cell lines.
Whole-Arm Ultrasound for Suspected Upper-Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis in Outpatients—Reply
Authors: Michelangelo Sartori, Benilde Cosmi
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

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The effect of bronchiectasis on asthma exacerbations
Authors: Jaehyung Lee, Byounghoon Lee, Sanghoon Kim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  Bronchiectasis and asthma are different disease, However, some patients have both diseases. There are insufficient data for the effect of bronchiectasis on asthma exacerbations.   Methods:  We investigated 2270 patients having asthma in our hospital. Fifty patients had bronchiectasis and asthma. These patients were compared with fifty age and gender matched patients having asthma only. We evaluated frequency of asthma exacerbations (steroid use, emergency room (ER) visit and hospitalization) in each group.   Results:  The prevalence of bronchiectasis among the asthma patients was 2.2%. Follow up duration of each group was 51.9 ± 35.2 months for asthma with bronchiectasis and 53.8 ± 29.8 months for pure asthmatics. The number of asthma exacerbation/year (1.08±1.68 vs 0.35±0.42, p=0.004), steroid use/year (0.9±1.54 vs 0.26±0.36, p=0.006), ER visit/year (0.46±0.84 vs 0.26±0.36, p=0.001) and hospitalization/year (0.7±1.44 vs 0.1±0.17, p=0.4) due to asthma exacerbation was higher in asthma with bronchiectasis.   Conclusion:  The number of asthma exacerbation, steroid use, and ER visit due to asthma exacerbation was higher in asthma with bronchiectasis than pure asthma.