tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Silent Information Regulator 1 Protects the Heart From Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Chiao-Po Hsu, Peiyong Zhai, Takanobu Yamamoto, Yasuhiro Maejima, Shouji Matsushima, Nirmala Hariharan, Dan Shao, Hiromitsu Takagi, Shinichi Oka, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1), a class III histone deacetylase, retards aging and protects the heart from oxidative stress. We here examined whether Sirt1 is protective against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).Protein and mRNA expression of Sirt1 is significantly reduced by I/R. Cardiac-specific Sirt1(-/-) mice exhibited a significant increase (44±5% versus 15±5%; P=0.01) in the size of myocardial infarction/area at risk. In transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of Sirt1, both myocardial infarction/area at risk (15±4% versus 36±8%; P=0.004) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive nuclei (4±3% versus 10±1%; P<0.003) were significantly reduced compared with nontransgenic mice. In Langendorff-perfused hearts, the functional recovery during reperfusion was significantly greater in transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of Sirt1 than in nontransgenic mice. Sirt1 positively regulates expression of prosurvival molecules, including manganese superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin-1, and Bcl-xL, whereas it negatively regulates the proapoptotic molecules Bax and cleaved caspase-3. The level of oxidative stress after I/R, as evaluated by anti-8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine staining, was negatively regulated by Sirt1. Sirt1 stimulates the transcriptional activity of FoxO1, which in turn plays an essential role in mediating Sirt1-induced upregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase and suppression of oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes. Sirt1 plays an important role in mediating I/R-induced increases in the nuclear localization of FoxO1 in vivo.These results suggest that Sirt1 protects the heart from I/R injury through upregulation of antioxidants and downregulation of proapoptotic molecules through activation of FoxO and decreases in oxidative stress.
The Student and the Clinical Curriculum
Authors: E. J. R. Rossiter
Journal: BMJ (1958)

The historical background of the Hadassah Medical School of the Hebrew University is reviewed.Visits to several of its departments are described.Its curriculum and its attitude to selected topics in medical education are discussed.The following three aspects of its work are emphasized: (1) the tremendous enthusiasm of both staff and students; (2) the acceptance of full responsibility by the University for the students it selects; and (3) the innovations and the interest shown in the field of medical education.I should like to thank the Sub-Dean of the London Hospital, Dr.
Prognostic value of endothelial microparticles in patients with heart failure
Authors: Toshimitsu Nozaki, Seigo Sugiyama, Koichi Sugamura, Keisuke Ohba, Yasushi Matsuzawa, Masaaki Konishi, Junichi Matsubara, Eiichi Akiyama, Hitoshi Sumida, Kunihiko Matsui, Hideaki Jinnouchi, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Abstract LB-341: CD95/FAS promotes tumorigenesis
Authors: Lina Chen, Sun-Mi Park, Alexei V. Tumanov, Annika Hau, Kenjiro Sawada, Christine Feig, Jerrold R. Turner, Yang-Xin Fu, Iris Romero, Ernst Lengyel, Marcus E. Peter
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract FAS/CD95 has been known as a typical death receptor that enhances cell apoptosis mainly in the immune system. Recent studies indicate that CD95 expression is rarely absent or down-regulated in solid tumors and CD95L, the cognate ligand that binds cell membrane CD95, is constantly shown to be elevated in patient serum as well as tumor microenviroment, raising the question whether CD95 acturally enhances tumorigenesis and through what mechanisms. By stably knocking down endogeneous CD95 expression level using lentivirus based shRNA in six different tumor cell lines that represent liver (HepG2), colon (HCT116), renal (CAKI-1), breast (MCF7), ovary (SKOV3ip1 and HeyA8), in all cases the CD95 knockdown tumor cell lines show a clear reduction in proliferation rate comparing with the corresponding vector control cells. Injection CD95 knockdown SKOV3ip1 cells i.p. into nude mice according to method of well established xenograft ovary cancer animal model again shows a reduced tumor load and this is also confirmed by using a early passage human ovary cancer cell line MONTY-1. Human neutralizing anti-CD95L mAb (NOK-1) rather than mouse anti-CD95 mAb (MFL3) injection into these xenografted nude mice significantly reduced the tumor load, indicating that it's the CD95L secreted by tumor cells rather than the mice microenviroment that stimulates the tumor proliferation. Knocking down FasL expression from the six tumor cell lines mentioned above reduced cell proliferation even more dramatically than knocking down Fas and some cell lines, like HepG2, CAKI-1, MCF7 and HeyA8, even stop growing with reduced FasL expression. The reduced tumor formation by losing FAS/CD95 was also confirmed in vivo in two animal models: DEN induced liver cancer model by using FAS/CD95 liver specific knockout mice and Ade-Cre induced ovary cancer mouse model by generating Fas knockout mice from a mice stain with background of mutated k-ras and deleted Pten expression (LSK-K-ras(G12D/+)Pten(loxP/loxP)). The tumorigenic activity of CD95 is further identified as mediated through the CD95L-CD95-JNK-c-Jun-Fos and EGR1 pathway. These results demonstrate that CD95 plays a major growth promoting role during tumorigenesis and suggest that efforts to inhibit its activity rather than to enhance its activation should be considered during cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-341.
Factors That Attract and Repel Mosquitoes in Human Skin
Authors: Howard I. Maibach
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The aim of this research program is to find an orally active insect repellent. By carefully screening drugs at random—a formidable task whose success depends on chance rather than knowledge—such an agent could hopefully be found. We have chosen to look instead to nature for a solution of this problem. We assume that human and animal skin contains factors attractive to mosquitoes. Knowledge of these attractant factors should lead to methods of interruption as the basis of an ideal repellent. This report reviews our efforts to measure the relative attractiveness of individuals and identify the responsible agents. <h3>Search for the Unattractive Man</h3> Folklore indicates that some humans are never bitten by mosquitoes. In casual discussion, several lay and professional colleagues have informed us that they know of at least one such person. One must be certain that this is not lack of skin reactivity to the bite. Whenever possible, we
Synchronous Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Esophagus and Renal Pelvis
Authors: Te-Chun Hsieh, Yu-Chin Wu, Shung-Shung Sun, I-Ping Chiang, Chun-Fan Yang, Kuo-Yang Yen, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A 55-year-old man was incidentally diagnosed with a superficial squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus. However, the systemic survey with FDG PET/CT revealed a picture of more advanced disease because of the regional lymph node metastases and a suspected distal metastasis in the left renal pelvis, which was somewhat strange for a small superficial esophageal cancer. Subsequently, the renal pelvic lesion was confirmed as squamous cell carcinoma. However, a primary tumor rather than metastasis in the renal pelvis was considered according to the histologic characteristics and radiologic findings.
Evaluation of treatment outcome in 175 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma aged 60 years or over: the SHIELD study
Authors: Stephen J. Proctor, Jennifer Wilkinson, Gail Jones, Gillian C. Watson, Helen H. Lucraft, Tryfonia Mainou-Fowler, Dominic Culligan, Michael J. Galloway, Katrina M. Wood, Richard J. Q. McNally, Peter W. James, John R. Goodlad
Journal: Blood (2012)
Allopurinol Reduces Left Ventricular Mass in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Benjamin R. Szwejkowski, Stephen J. Gandy, Sushma Rekhraj, John G. Houston, Chim C. Lang, Andrew D. Morris, Jacob George, Allan D. Struthers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Defining the role of<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD) in rheumatoid arthritis through the study of PPAD biology
Authors: Maximilian F Konig, Alizay S Paracha, Malini Moni, Clifton O Bingham, Felipe Andrade
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Antibodies to citrullinated proteins are a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD) has been implicated in the initiation of RA by generating citrullinated neoantigens and due to its ability to autocitrullinate. <h3>Objectives</h3> To define the citrullination status and biology of PPAD in <i>P gingivalis</i> and to characterise the anti-PPAD antibody response in RA and associated periodontal disease (PD). <h3>Methods</h3> PPAD in <i>P gingivalis</i> cells and culture supernatant were analysed by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry to detect citrullination. Recombinant PPAD (rPPAD), inactive mutant PPAD (rPPAD<sup>C351S</sup>), and N-terminal truncated PPAD (rPPAD<sup>Ntx</sup>) were cloned and expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Patients with RA and healthy controls were assayed for IgG antibodies to citrullinated rPPAD and unmodified rPPAD<sup>C351S</sup> by ELISA. Anti-PPAD antibodies were correlated with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (third-generation) antibody levels, RA disease activity and PD status. <h3>Results</h3> PPAD from <i>P gingivalis</i> is truncated at the N-terminal and C-terminal domains and not citrullinated. Only when artificially expressed in <i>E coli</i>, full-length rPPAD, but not truncated (fully active) rPPAD<sup>Ntx</sup>, is autocitrullinated. Anti-PPAD antibodies show no heightened reactivity to citrullinated rPPAD, but are exclusively directed against the unmodified enzyme. Antibodies against PPAD do not correlate with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide levels and disease activity in RA. By contrast, anti-PPAD antibody levels are significantly decreased in RA patients with PD. <h3>Conclusions</h3> PPAD autocitrullination is not the underlying mechanism linking PD and RA. N-terminal processing protects PPAD from autocitrullination and enhances enzyme activity. Anti-PPAD antibodies may have a protective role for the development of PD in patients with RA.
Searching for medical Rumpoles
Authors: Daniel K Sokol
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Strong characters are needed to illuminate ethicolegal training

This time last year around 100 teachers of medical ethics assembled to thrash out a new consensus statement on the ethicolegal training of future doctors. The existing statement, published in 1998, was showing signs of age.1 Consultation was thorough, involving the General Medical Council, the British Medical Association, and many other stakeholders. This month the Journal of Medical Ethics published the new statement.2 It is ambitious and admirable. (As a signatory I am, admittedly, biased.) Students, at the end of the revised course, should be familiar with a number of key topics, from professionalism to medical research; be able to “consider, apply and reflect critically on the ethical and legal bases for clinical decisions”; and “identify values of different stakeholders,” including their own. In an accompanying editorial Soren Holm and John Harris note that any medical student who has achieved all the learning outcomes will have “a solid basis in ethics and law.”3

Solid indeed, for I doubt that many professional ethicists would be able to tick all the boxes. Only now, after …
Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Steven D. Rauch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A healthy 58-year-old woman answers the telephone and realizes that her hearing is diminished on the left side. She notices aural fullness and loud tinnitus in the affected ear. Self-administered ear cleaning with the use of an over-the-counter kit does not relieve the symptoms. How should she be evaluated and treated?
Apathetic Thyrotoxicosis Causing Gastrointestinal Malabsorption
Authors: Thomas W. Sheehy
Journal: JAMA (1974)

An insulin-dependent diabetic manifested striking malabsorption due to hyperperistalsis and rapid intestinal transit in the course of "apathetic" thyrotoxicosis. Simultaneously, she had amelioration of diabetes. Substitution of medium-chain triglycerides in the diet led to considerable reduction in both steatorrhea and fecal fluid loss. Appropriate therapy for thyrotoxicosis led to return of normal intestinal function and resurgence of diabetic symptoms. (<i>JAMA</i>230:69-71, 1974)
Self-poisoning with paracetamol.
Authors: P Barnes, J S Prichard
Journal: BMJ (1972)

with the injured joint, or joints, immersed in a suitable bath with a positive electrode unit so that a current of 2-3 milliamperes could be passed.The results were most satisfactory, the treated group returning considerably earlier to full duty than the remainder.Unfortunately this suggestive trial experiment roused no interest or further test or follow-up.All this not 50 years ago but nearer half that.With all the incredible advances in the use of electricity on other fronts in the last 25 years why then in medicine alone has there been not only no advance but retro- gression?What is needed is a determined and properly sponsored attack on these claims, routing out and condemning the specious while proving to the satisfaction of the profession the value and field of use of those that survive.-Iam, etc., C. B. HEALD Chipping Camden, Gloucestershire Lumbar Disc Problems SIR,-I feel that Mr. A. H. G. Murley (26 August, p. 529) has been unfairly criticized for drawing attention to a common miscon- ception
Oxidized low density lipoprotein elevates platelet serotonin release
Authors: Hidekatsu Yanai, Hiroshi Yoshida, Yuji Hirowatari, Yoshiharu Tomono, Norio Tada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Copper Deficiency and DietTo the Editor: Harless et al. [1] reported two women with copper deficiency of unclear etiology whose deficiency quickly resolved after supplementation with copper gluconate.They suggested that consumption of 100 oz daily of soft drinks containing sucrose or fructose may have contributed to the problem because these simple sugars have been shown to disrupt copper utilization in animal experiments.A diet low in copper also may have been contributory.The Western diet often is low in copper [2], according to pooled data of more than 900 diets analyzed chemically and summarized in several articles.Recently, 62 and 36% of diets of 80 randomly selected adults in Baltimore, MD [3], were below the recommended dietary allowance (0.9 mg/day) and the estimated average requirement for adults (0.7 mg/day).The estimated average requirement is the median of a distribution of requirements; it applies only to apparently healthy people.Although soft drinks may have increased the copper requirements of the women, it seems unlikely that with body mass indices of 17 and 21 they had eaten sufficient copper from food when drinking 1400 kcal of Mountain Dew, or equivalent, daily.Recovery in a month from 2 mg copper gluconate daily (14.0%copper) yielding only 40% of the estimated average requirement is remarkable.
Painful Rash in a Patient With Bronchiectasis
Authors: Sruthi Renati, Adam Raff, Susan Burgin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Post I-131 Therapy Scanning in Patients With Thyroid Carcinoma Metastases: An Unnecessary Cost or a Relevant Contribution?
Authors: Pedro Wesley Souza Rosário, Álvaro Luís Barroso, Leonardo Lamego Rezende, Eduardo Lanza Padrão, Tales Alvarenga Fagundes, Gustavo Cancela Penna, Saulo Purisch
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

In patients with elevated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and a negative whole-body scan (WBS), posttherapy scanning can reveal metastases in many cases and is therefore recommended. In contrast, the routine use of posttherapy scanning is questioned.One hundred six patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma had pre- and posttherapy scanning, with metastatic uptake on the diagnostic scan and were divided into 2 groups: 60 patients assessed on first ablation after thyroidectomy and 46 patients with tumor persistence or recurrence after initial ablative therapy. Data modifying the disease stage or treatment were considered to be clinically relevant.Posttherapy scanning on first ablation changed the disease stage in 8.3% of the patients and therapeutic approach in another 15%, and provided clinically relevant information for 26% of patients with 1 previous ablation. Even when excluding cases whose lesions were known by the time of the first postablative scan, the therapeutic approach was influenced by posttherapy scanning in 15.6% of the patients. Only 4 of 211 metastases detected on pretherapy WBS did not appear on postablative scans.Posttherapy scanning provides important information, even in patients whose pretherapy WBS is positive for metastases, with this approach being useful both during the first ablation and subsequent treatment.
Evolution of Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulatory Genes by DNA Inversion
Authors: Sergei Korneev, Michael O'Shea
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

DNA inversions are mutations involving major rearrangements of the genome and are often regarded as either deleterious or catastrophic to gene function and can be associated with genomic disorders, such as Hunter syndrome and some forms of hemophilia. Here, we propose that DNA inversions are also an essential and hitherto unrecognized component of gene evolution in eukaryotic cells. Specifically, we provide evidence that an ancestral neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) gene was duplicated and that one copy retained its original function, whereas an internal DNA inversion occurred in the other. Crucially, the inversion resulted in the creation of new regulatory elements required for the termination and activation of transcription. In consequence, the duplicated gene was split, and two new and independently expressed genes were created. Through its dependence on DNA inversion, this is a fundamentally new scheme for gene evolution, which we show as being of particular relevance to the generation of endogenous antisense-containing RNA molecules. Functionally, such transcripts can operate as natural negative regulators of the expression of the genes to which they are related through a common ancestor.
A METHOD OF ELIMINATING THE DANGER OF EXPLOSION IN THE USE OF ETHYLENE
Authors: Moses Salzer
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Whether the danger of explosion in the use of ethylene is more real than apparent, the fact cannot be denied that explosions have occurred and that every precaution should be taken to prevent such unfortunate accidents. During the last year at the Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati we have practically eliminated this danger and, at the same time, have rendered our operating rooms free from the odor of ethylene, which is repulsive to many. We use the McKesson machine in our work, and have so modified the expiratory valve that a noncollapsible hose can be attached to it and the spent gases conducted outdoors through holes in the walls of the operating rooms. The accompanying illustration will be clear to those who are familiar with the McKesson outfit. A small cage, with a clearance on all sides of about one-eighth inch and equipped with a slip joint to which
A calcium channel mutant mouse model of hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Authors: Fenfen Wu, Wentao Mi, Erick O. Hernández-Ochoa, Dennis K. Burns, Yu Fu, Hillery F. Gray, Arie F. Struyk, Martin F. Schneider, Stephen C. Cannon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) is a familial skeletal muscle disorder that presents with recurrent episodes of severe weakness lasting hours to days associated with reduced serum potassium (K+). HypoPP is genetically heterogeneous, with missense mutations of a calcium channel (CaV1.1) or a sodium channel (NaV1.4) accounting for 60% and 20% of cases, respectively. The mechanistic link between CaV1.1 mutations and the ictal loss of muscle excitability during an attack of weakness in HypoPP is unknown. To address this question, we developed a mouse model for HypoPP with a targeted CaV1.1 R528H mutation. The Cav1.1 R528H mice had a HypoPP phenotype for which low K+ challenge produced a paradoxical depolarization of the resting potential, loss of muscle excitability, and weakness. A vacuolar myopathy with dilated transverse tubules and disruption of the triad junctions impaired Ca2+ release and likely contributed to the mild permanent weakness. Fibers from the CaV1.1 R528H mouse had a small anomalous inward current at the resting potential, similar to our observations in the NaV1.4 R669H HypoPP mouse model. This “gating pore current” may be a common mechanism for paradoxical depolarization and susceptibility to HypoPP arising from missense mutations in the S4 voltage sensor of either calcium or sodium channels.
Kenneth Mills Tomlinson
Authors: C. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Kenneth Mills Tomlinson (“Pip”) was born in 1915, son of artist RR Tomlinson. Undiagnosed and debilitating renal colic in his youth led to nephrectomy at St Thomas’s Hospital. In 1936 he became a student at their anatomy school, and in 1938 he organised and produced the hospital Christmas show.

After qualification he became clinical assistant …
Active management of labour
Authors: J G Thornton
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Does not reduce the rate of caesarean section 

In the late 1960s, faced with rising numbers of hospital deliveries and staff shortages, obstetricians in Dublin introduced a package of care for first labours that they called active management.1 This included special classes preparing women for labour, strict criteria for determining onset of labour, psychological support, and regular supervision of the delivery area by senior staff. None of these measures was controversial, but the package also included some revolutionary changes: routine amniotomy, early recourse to high doses of oxytocin under supervision of a midwife to accelerate slow labours, and an undertaking that labour would never last more than 12 hours. Previously, amniotomy and oxytocin had been used only selectively by senior medical staff, and it had been assumed that limiting the duration of labour would result in more caesarean deliveries. The Irish obstetricians thought otherwise, and in a series of influential reports claimed …