tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulse Oximetry During Conscious Sedation
Authors: Charles J. Coté
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read with great interest the report by the Council on Scientific Affairs<sup>1</sup>on the use of pulse oximetry during conscious sedation. As pointed out, pulse oximetry has proven to be a very useful monitor in detecting desaturation events in the operating room as well as in non-operating room locations. Pulse oximetry does not substitute for good patient care; however, pulse oximetry does provide an early warning to practitioners that something is wrong, and it calls attention to the fact that they need to look at the patient. The position statement failed to emphasize that in our studies of approximately 550 anesthetized pediatric patients, half of whom had oximetry data available to the anesthesia team and the other half of whom had no oximetry data available to the team, the incidence of severe desaturation events, ie, a saturation of less than or equal to 85% for 30
Silent pulmonary embolism in patients with a permanent transvenous pacemaker
Authors: Tatsuo Ito, Jun Tanouchi, Miwa Kitamura, Junli Kato, Toshikazu Morioka, Masami Nishino, Kunimitsu Iwai, Hideo Tanahashi, Yoshio Yamada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
The Adrenal Cortex
Authors: Don H. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This multiple-authored volume attempts to cover the adrenal cortex as viewed by the chemist, the physiologist, the anatomist, and the clinician. Thus, it may truly be said that it has something for everyone, although it might be criticized, as have other similar volumes, for the discontinuity of style resulting. But for the knowledgeable reader, the quality of the presentations is more than enough to compensate for some deficiencies in the various fields, for the authors have given us a highly accurate presentation of their subjects. The breadth of knowledge about so small an organ as the adrenal cortex, however, is pointed out by the many details which must be gleaned from the large number of up-to-date references. Essentially a volume to be read in its entirety only by the endocrinologist, the individual discussions of specific subjects will interest most readers concerned with the adrenal cortex. Although there are some weaknesses,
Greater Availability of Brain Dopamine Transporters in Major Depression Shown by [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]TRODAT-1 SPECT Imaging
Authors: David J. Brunswick, Jay D. Amsterdam, P. David Mozley, Andrew Newberg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Studies of laboratory animals have shown that administration of antidepressants of all pharmacological classes produces changes in dopamine transporter binding affinity. These observations suggest that dopamine transporter function may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of depression. The present study was an examination of the availability of brain dopamine transporter sites in patients with major depression and in healthy comparison subjects.Single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) brain scans were acquired for 15 drug-free depressed patients and 46 age- and gender-matched healthy comparison subjects by using [(99m)Tc]TRODAT-1, a selective dopamine transporter imaging agent. Specific regions of interest in the basal ganglia and supratentorial areas of the brain were examined. Specific uptake values of dopamine transporter [(99m)Tc]TRODAT-1 binding affinity were calculated from the SPECT scan data, and the values for the patients and healthy subjects were compared.The specific uptake values of [(99m)Tc]TRODAT-1 binding were significantly higher in the right anterior putamen (23%), right posterior putamen (36%), left posterior putamen (18%), and left caudate nucleus (12%) of the patients than in the comparison subjects. These differences persisted when the data were further analyzed according to gender and age.Dopamine transporter affinity may be higher than normal in the basal ganglia of depressed patients. These findings suggest that dopamine function may be altered in depression and may also be a mechanism of antidepressant activity.
Hepatitis B Immune Globulin: Evaluation of Clinical Trials and Rationale for Usage
Authors: Harvey J. Alter, Lewellys F. Barker, Paul V. Holland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The results of three clinical trials comparing the effectiveness of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and standard immune serum globulin (ISG) in the prevention of Type B hepatitis are presented in this issue. These well conducted studies have as their major strength rigid adherence to a randomized, double-blind, control protocol. In addition, the studies supported by the National Institutes of Health were continuously and closely monitored by a highly qualified policy board, and all candidate hepatitis cases were reviewed by an independent panel that did not have knowledge of treatment schedules. When viewed in composite, these studies suggest that HBIG . . .
Multipurpose Intensive Care Unit in a District General Hospital
Authors: A. R. Tanser, B. G. Wetten
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The advantages of a four-bedded purpose-built general intensive care unit in a district general hospital are described. In addition to 1,447 inpatients treated between January 1968 and December 1971 the unit was used to conduct outpatient investigations. This has filled an important gap in conventional arrangements, and is practical and economical. The unit has proved to have advantages, not only for seriously ill patients but also has benefited the hospital in other ways. It has been of material assistance in recruiting and training nursing and medical staff and has been welcomed and supported by patients and their relatives. It has also attracted practical support from voluntary organizations whose generosity has enabled much additional equipment to be purchased.
Abstract 1020: Recruitment of Tie2-expressing monocytes is associated with the heightened invasive phenotype of gliomas after antiangiogenic therapies
Authors: Konrad R. Gabrusiewicz, Dan Liu, Nahir Cortes-Santiago, Mohammad B. Hossain, Sujan Piya, Charles Conrad, Frank C. Marini, Juan Fueyo, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Gliomas are highly vascularized tumors, and preclinical data have suggested that glioma growth critically depends on the generation of tumor associated blood vessels. Among multiple factors controlling the complex process of angiogenesis, VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) and its associated signaling cascade are considered of central importance. Glioma cells are a major source of VEGF, and high levels of VEGF generation have been reported to correlate with high grade malignancy and poor prognosis. Antiangiogenic therapy has been recently added to the battery of treatments to newly diagnosed malignant gliomas. However, preclinical data from our laboratory and others, as some clinical results, shown concomitantly elicit tumor adaptation and progression to stages of greater malignancy, with heightened invasiveness. These results warrant preclinical investigation. Here, we present evidence of accumulation of Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) in the brain tumor/normal interphase regions in tumor-bearing animals treated with anti-VEGF agents. Immunohistochemistry using F4/80 or Iba1 antibodies revealed an increase number of microglia/macrophages in central and peripheral tumoral areas after antiangiogenesis treatment. Moreover, the recruitment of these tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) was associated with an overrepresentation of TEMs. Almost 50% of Tie2-positive cells co-localized with microglia/macrophages after bevacizumab or prolonged VEGF-Trap/Aflibercept therapies. To determine the role of TEMs in the invasive phenotype of gliomas upon antiangiogenic therapies, we use monocytes isolated from buffy coats and sorted positively for Tie2 expression, and monocytic cultures polarized to M2 phenotype and forced to express Tie2. We found that TEMs express high level of MMP2, MMP9, CD44, and CXCR4, molecules related with extracellular matrix remodeling, using q-PCR, ELISA, FACS analysis and double immunofluorescence. Gelatin zymography, as well as collagenase assay confirmed the upregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Of interest, knocking down Tie2 by siRNA suppresses MMP9 activity emphasizes a role of Tie2 signaling in the regulation of MMP9. Additionally, in vitro invasion assay showed a pivotal role of TEMs in development of an invasive phenotype in glioma cells. Together, our results suggest a novel mechanism of escape of GBMs to anti-VEGF therapies and the necessity of targeting the TEM population in combination with anti-VEGF therapies to improve clinical outcome. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1020. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1020
IOM Urges FDA to Be More Aggressive in Monitoring Safety of Approved Drugs
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
(−)-Epigallocatechin- 3 -gallate is a new inhibitor of hepatitis C virus entry
Authors: Noémie Calland, Anna Albecka, Sandrine Belouzard, Czeslaw Wychowski, Gilles Duverlie, Véronique Descamps, Didier Hober, Jean Dubuisson, Yves Rouillé, Karin Séron
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Here, we identify (−)-epigallocatechin - 3 -gallate (EGCG) as a new inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry. EGCG is a flavonoid present in green tea extract belonging to the subclass of catechins, which has many properties. Particularly, EGCG possesses antiviral activity and impairs cellular lipid metabolism. Because of close links between HCV life cycle and lipid metabolism, we postulated that EGCG may interfere with HCV infection. We demonstrate that a concentration of 50 μM of EGCG inhibits HCV infectivity by more than 90% at an early step of the viral life cycle, most likely the entry step. This inhibition was not observed with other members of the Flaviviridae family tested. The antiviral activity of EGCG on HCV entry was confirmed with pseudoparticles expressing HCV envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 from six different genotypes. In addition, using binding assays at 4°C, we demonstrate that EGCG prevents attachment of the virus to the cell surface, probably by acting directly on the particle. We also show that EGCG has no effect on viral replication and virion secretion. By inhibiting cell-free virus transmission using agarose or neutralizing antibodies, we show that EGCG inhibits HCV cell-to-cell spread. Finally, by successive inoculation of naïve cells with supernatant of HCV-infected cells in the presence of EGCG, we observed that EGCG leads to undetectable levels of infection after four passages. Conclusion : EGCG is a new, interesting anti-HCV molecule that could be used in combination with other direct-acting antivirals. Furthermore, it is a novel tool to further dissect the mechanisms of HCV entry into the hepatocyte.
Kupffer cells alter organic anion transport through multidrug resistance protein 2 in the post-cold ischemic rat liver
Authors: Atsushi Kudo, Satoshi Kashiwagi, Mayumi Kajimura, Yasunori Yoshimura, Koji Uchida, Shigeki Arii, Makoto Suematsu
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Although Kupffer cells (KCs) may play a crucial role in post-cold ischemic hepatocellular injury, their role in nonnecrotic graft dysfunction remains unknown. This study examined reveal the role of KC in post-cold ischemic liver grafts. Rat livers treated with or without liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate, a KC-depleting reagent, were stored in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution at 4°C for 8 to 24 hours and reperfused while monitoring biliary output and constituents. The ability of hepatocytes to excrete bile was assessed through laser-confocal microfluorography in situ . Cold ischemia-reperfused grafts decreased their bile output significantly at 8 hours without any notable cell injury. This event coincided with impaired excretion of glutathione and bilirubin-IXα (BR-IXα), suggesting delayed transport of these organic anions. We examined whether intracellular relocalization of multidrug resistance protein-2 (Mrp2) occurred. Kinetic analyses for biliary excretion of carboxyfluorescein, a fluoroprobe excreted through this transporter, revealed significant delay of dye excretion from hepatocytes into bile canaliculi. The KC-depleting treatment significantly attenuated this decline in biliary anion transport mediated through Mrp2 in the 8-hour cold ischemic grafts via redistribution of Mrp2 from the cytoplasm to the canalicular membrane. Furthermore, thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 ) synthase in KC appeared involved as blocking this enzyme improved 5-carboxyfluorescein excretion while cytoplasmic internalization of Mrp2 disappeared in the KC-depleting grafts. In conclusion, KC activation is an important determinant of nonnecrotic hepatocellular dysfunction, jeopardizing homeostasis of the detoxification capacity and organic anion metabolism of the post-cold ischemic grafts. (Hepatology 2004;39;1099-1109.)
Bill to reform libel law and allow more free debate is expected in next parliament
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A bill to reform libel law in England and Wales to give greater protection to free debate on matters of public interest is expected to be included in the Queen’s speech in May.

By convention, the contents of the sovereign’s speech to parliament outlining forthcoming legislation are not trailed in advance. But peers involved in the reform process, including the justice minister Tom McNally, hinted strongly at a seminar on 15 March that the bill would form part of the next parliamentary programme.

Lord McNally told delegates at the Westminster Legal Policy Forum keynote seminar on libel reform in central London: “I would …
Developmental Heterogeneity of Cardiac Fibroblasts Does Not Predict Pathological Proliferation and Activation
Authors: Shah R. Ali, Sara Ranjbarvaziri, Mahmood Talkhabi, Peng Zhao, Ali Subat, Armin Hojjat, Paniz Kamran, Antonia M.S. Müller, Katharina S. Volz, Zhaoyi Tang, Kristy Red-Horse, Reza Ardehali
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Fibrosis is mediated partly by extracellular matrix-depositing fibroblasts in the heart. Although these mesenchymal cells are reported to have multiple embryonic origins, the functional consequence of this heterogeneity is unknown.We sought to validate a panel of surface markers to prospectively identify cardiac fibroblasts. We elucidated the developmental origins of cardiac fibroblasts and characterized their corresponding phenotypes. We also determined proliferation rates of each developmental subset of fibroblasts after pressure overload injury.We showed that Thy1(+)CD45(-)CD31(-)CD11b(-)Ter119(-) cells constitute the majority of cardiac fibroblasts. We characterized these cells using flow cytometry, epifluorescence and confocal microscopy, and transcriptional profiling (using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and RNA-seq). We used lineage tracing, transplantation studies, and parabiosis to show that most adult cardiac fibroblasts derive from the epicardium, a minority arises from endothelial cells, and a small fraction from Pax3-expressing cells. We did not detect generation of cardiac fibroblasts by bone marrow or circulating cells. Interestingly, proliferation rates of fibroblast subsets on injury were identical, and the relative abundance of each lineage remained the same after injury. The anatomic distribution of fibroblast lineages also remained unchanged after pressure overload. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that Tie2-derived and Tbx18-derived fibroblasts within each operation group exhibit similar gene expression profiles.The cellular expansion of cardiac fibroblasts after transaortic constriction surgery was not restricted to any single developmental subset. The parallel proliferation and activation of a heterogeneous population of fibroblasts on pressure overload could suggest that common signaling mechanisms stimulate their pathological response.
Meeting Highlights of the 17th Annual Scientific Sessions of the American Society of Echocardiography
Authors: William A. Zoghbi, Roberto M. Lang, Mani A. Vannan, Neil J. Weissman, Marti McCulloch, Wyman W. Lai, Mary C. Corretti, Sherif F. Nagueh, Bijoy Khandheria
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Successful Therapy of Prolonged Hypotension with an Adrenergic Beta-Receptor Blocking Agent
Authors: MYRON H. LURIA, ALBERT J. MILLER, BENJAMIN M. KAPLAN
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Two patients with prolonged hypotension requiring continuous vasopressor therapy are described. In both patients treatment with nethalide, a beta-receptor blocking agent, appeared clinically effective in allowing the withdrawal of metaraminol therapy and the maintenance of normotension. The results in these patients tend to fortify a hypothesis of peripheral adrenergic beta-receptor dominance in patients with prolonged hypotension.
113 A phase 2 dose-escalation study of albuferon combined with ribavirin in non-responders to prior interferon-based therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: V. Rustgi, D. Nelson, V. Balan, M. Sulkowski, L. Lambiase, G. Davis, A. Muir, R. Dickson, R. Wiesner, A. Neumann, B. Osborn, R. Yu, P. Cronin, W. Freimuth, J. McHutchison, M. Subramanian
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
In vivo and in vitro proinflammatory effects of particulate air pollution (PM10).
Authors: X Y Li, P S Gilmour, K Donaldson, W MacNee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Epidemiologic studies have reported associations between fine particulate air pollution, especially particles less than 10 mm in diameter (PM10), and the development of exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the mechanism is unknown. We tested our hypothesis that PM10 induces oxidant stress, causing inflammation and injury to airway epithelium. We assessed the effects of intratracheal instillation of PM10 in rat lungs. The influx of inflammatory cells was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Airspace epithelial permeability was assessed as total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in vivo. The oxidant properties of PM10 were determined by their ability to cause changes in reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). We also compared the effects of PM10 with those of fine (CB) and ultrafine (ufCB) carbon black particles. Six hours after intratracheal instillation of PM10, we noted an influx of neutrophils (up to 15% of total BAL cells) in the alveolar space, increased epithelial permeability, an increase in total protein in BALF from 0.39 +/- 0.01 to 0.62 +/- 0.01 mg/ml (mean +/- SEM) and increased lactate dehydrogenase concentrations in BALF. An even greater inflammatory response was observed after intratracheal instillation of ufCB, but not after CB instillation. PM10 had oxidant activity in vivo, as shown by decreased GSH in BALF (from 0.36 +/- 0.05 to 0.25 +/- 0.01 nmol/ml) after instillation. BAL leukocytes from rats treated with PM10 produced greater amounts of nitric oxide, measured as nitrite (control 3.07 +/- 0.33, treated 4.45 +/- 0.23 mM/1 x 10(6) cells) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (control 21.0 +/- 3.1, treated 179.2 +/- 29.4 unit/1 x 10(6) cells) in culture than BAL leukocytes obtained from control animals. These studies provide evidence that PM10 has free radical activity and causes lung inflammation and epithelial injury. These data support our hypothesis concerning the mechanism for the adverse effects of particulate air pollution on patients with airway diseases.
South Africa plans to make AIDS a notifiable disease
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The South African government has advised that cases of AIDS will have to be reported to the authorities by doctors diagnosing the condition. Care givers and close relatives will be informed but names will be withheld from the authorities. The department of health said that this measure is undertaken because there is currently no accurate national information on the numbers of people with AIDS. The information is needed for planning, resource allocation, and determining how many people may need admission to hospital. The proposal was disagreed by South African nongovernmental organizations working with HIV/AIDS. They argued that fairly reliable statistical information is already available from routine HIV testing in antenatal facilities. They added that identification might endanger the lives of people with AIDS. Organizations have also questioned the reliability of AIDS diagnoses in rural areas where there are few laboratory facilities.
As STD research grows, resource needs rise
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1986)

One lone grant to study syphilis was the sum and substance of the extramural research program on sexually transmitted diseases (STD) supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in Bethesda, Md, 15 years ago. At the end of last year, the institute's annual figure for funding hundreds of research projects on all sexually transmitted diseases except acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) had reached more than $24 million. "The bottom line is that sexually transmitted diseases are a very costly problem," Milton Puziss, PhD, chief, Bacteriology and Virology Branch, NIAID, told a recent meeting in Bethesda of NIAID's national advisory council. In his opinion, "the $2.6 billion that the Centers for Disease Control [Atlanta] estimates to be the total amount—including federal, state, local, and private funds—spent annually on all STD except AIDS is probably on the low side." (Projected total federal funding this year for all programs dealing
Revisiting Readmissions — Changing the Incentives for Shared Accountability
Authors: Arnold M. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

When legislation was enacted in 1983 establishing prospective payment for hospitals, the incentives for hospitals changed dramatically. Cost-based payments for hospital days and services were replaced with a set payment per admission that was based on the patient's diagnosis-related group. The goal of the legislation was to encourage shorter lengths of stay and more efficient care, but policymakers were also concerned about possible increases in readmissions. Higher rates of readmissions, they thought, might be a consequence of the legislation either because patients might be prematurely discharged from the index hospitalization or because services might be “unbundled” by hospitals in an . . .