tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P1-05-04: Distinct Patterns of Promoter CpG Island Methylation of Breast Cancer Subtype Are Associated with Different Stem Cell Phenotype.
Authors: SY Park, HJ Kwon, Y Choi, HE Lee, S-W Kim, JH Kim, IA Kim, N Jung, N-Y Cho, GH Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Although DNA methylation profiles in breast cancer have been connected to breast cancer molecular subtype, there have been no studies of the association of DNA methylation with stem cell phenotype. This study was designed to evaluate promoter CpG islands methylation of 15 genes with regard to breast cancer subtype and to investigate whether the patterns of CpG island methylation in each subtype are associated with cancer stem cell phenotype represented by CD44+/CD24- or ALDH1 expression. Methods: We performed MethyLight analysis for the methylation status of 15 promoter CpG island loci involved in breast cancer progression (APC, DLEC1, GRIN2B, GSTP1, HOXA1, HOXA10, IGF2, MT1G, RARB, RASSF1A, RUNX3, SCGB3A1, SFRP1, SFRP4, and TMEFF2) and determined cancer stem cell phenotype by CD44/CD24 and ALDH1 immunohistochmeistry in 36 luminal A, 33 luminal B, 30 luminal-HER2, 40 HER2 enriched, and 40 basal-like subtypes of breast cancer. Results: The number of CpG island loci methylated was significantly different among subtypes and it was highest in luminal-HER2 subtype and lowest in basal-like subtype. Methylation frequencies and levels in 12 out of the 15 genes were significantly different among all subtypes and basal-like subtype showed significantly lower methylation frequencies and levels in nine genes, compared to luminal A, luminal B, HER2 enriched, and luminal-HER2 subtypes. CD44+/CD24- or ALDH1+ putative stem cell populations were most enriched in basal-like subtype. The methylation of promoter CpG islands was significantly lower in CD44+/CD24-cell (+) tumors, compared to CD44+/CD24-cell (−) tumors, even within the basal-like subtype. ALDH1 (+) tumors also had significantly lower methylation, compared to ALDH1 (−) tumors. Conclusions: Our findings showed that promoter CpG island methylation was significantly different according to breast cancer subtype and stem cell phenotype of tumor, suggesting that breast cancers have different methylation patterns according to molecular subtypes and it is associated with stem cell phenotypes of the tumor. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-04.
Combined surgical and endoscopic clearance of small-bowel polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Authors: M M Seenath, M J Scott, A I Morris, A Ellis, M J Hershman
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

In Peutz—Jeghers syndrome (PJS) a combined surgical and endoscopic procedure allows effective clearance of the multiple hamartomatous polyps from the entire length of the small bowel.
TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF NECK OF FEMUR
Authors: Royal Whitman
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read Dr. J. J. Moorhead's paper (The Journal, November 15) on intracapsular fractures of the neck of the femur with interest, particularly because I disagree completely both with its premises and with its conclusions. Dr. Scudder, in the discussion, characterized the treatment of the fracture in preabduction days as chaotic. It seems to me that it might be better classified as standardized neglect, for it was generally conceded that treatment in accord with surgical principles was technically impracticable and hazardous as well as futile. The situation was completely changed by the introduction of the abduction method. By utilizing anatomic mechanics, the essentials of repair may be more uniformly assured at the hip joint than in any other region of the body. And now that the method has come into general use it has been clearly demonstrated by comparative statistics that the chief factor in nonunion
Ovarian Cancer, Inflammation, and CA-125
Authors: Maurie Markman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 December 1989Ovarian Cancer, Inflammation, and CA-125Maurie Markman, MD, William B. Hoskins, MDMaurie Markman, MDSearch for more papers by this author, William B. Hoskins, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-12-1049_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:The CA-125 antigen test developed by Bast and colleagues (1) has proved to be a valuable tool for clinicians caring for patients with ovarian cancer; changes in the serum level correlate well in most patients with either regression or progression of disease. Unfortunately, the antigen is not specific for ovarian cancer or even malignant disease, and it is possible that co-existing conditions may influence the serum level, complicating the interpretation of the results of the blood test (2, 3). We recently encountered such a problem and present the following case to emphasize that caution must be exercised...References1. BastKlugSt. John RTE. A radioimmunoassay using a monoclonal antibody to monitor the course of epithelial ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:883-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HagaSakamotoEgami YKH. Clinical significance of serum CA 125 values in patients with cancer of the digestive system. Am J Med Sci. 1986;292:30-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BergmannBidartGeorge JJM. Elevation of CA 125 in patients with benign and malignant ascites. Cancer. 1987;59:213-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1989Volume 111, Issue 12Page: 1049-1049KeywordsAntigensHematologic testsInflammationOvarian cancer Issue Published: 15 December 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Massachusetts Rehabilitation Commission
Authors: Joseph R. Frothingham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVESIt has seemed likely that many physicians of the Commonwealth may not know of the services available for their handicapped patients through the Massachusetts Rehabilitation Commission. It is hoped that this article will clarify a few of the misconceptions that seem to exist in the minds of some practicing physicians regarding the basic philosophy and methods of functioning of this agency.Through an act of the Legislature the Massachusetts Rehabilitation Commission was established in November, 1956. Previously, services were available for handicapped persons through the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation of the State Department of Education. The main . . .
Comment on: Zhang et al. A1C Level and Future Risk of Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Diabetes Care 2010;33:1665–1673
Authors: Chris A. Robinson, Mona Abdel-Motagally
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The recent systematic review by Zhang et al. (1) prompted us to examine A1C and risk factor data that were collected in Canada last year as part of a series of CANRISK diabetes screening projects (2). These data include both self-reported risk factors required to calculate the FINDRISC diabetes risk score (2) as well as A1C and standard glucose tests (fasting plasma glucose and 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]). The resulting convenience sample of 1,057 adults (aged 29–75 years) was obtained from a mixed ethnic group from Vancouver, West Toronto, and rural New Brunswick …
SLAP/SLAP2 prevent excessive platelet (hem)ITAM signaling in thrombosis and ischemic stroke in mice
Authors: Deya Cherpokova, Markus Bender, Martina Morowski, Peter Kraft, Michael K. Schuhmann, Sarah M. Akbar, Cheryl S. Sultan, Craig E. Hughes, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Guido Stoll, Leonard L. Dragone, Steve P. Watson, Michael G. Tomlinson, Bernhard Nieswandt
Journal: Blood (2014)
APOE Genotype and Cerebral Blood Flow in Healthy Young Individuals
Authors: N. Scarmeas
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Several epidemiologic studies have found an association between the presence of an apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele and increased risk for Alzheimer disease (AD).Although 2 brain imaging studies of middle-aged and elderly individuals have found that the ε4 allele is associated with an AD-like pattern on positron emission tomogrophy (PET) brain scans, 1, 2 we are not aware of any study has that has examined this association in young individuals.
Terbinafine in onychomycosis with involvement by non-dermatophytic fungi
Authors: S. NOLTING, M. BRAUTIGAM, G. WEIDINGER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Terbinafine in onychomycosis with involvement by non‐dermatophytic fungi Get access S. NOLTING, S. NOLTING Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Professor Dr S.Nolting, Zentrura für Dermatologie der Universität Münster, von‐Esmarch‐Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. BRAUTIGAM, M. BRAUTIGAM Department of Clinical Research, Sandoz AG Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. WEIDINGER G. WEIDINGER Department of Clinical Research, Sandoz AG Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue s43, 1 April 1994, Pages 16–21, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06088.x Published: 01 April 1994
The Suprarenal Cortex
Authors: A. C. Crooke
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1953)

DISEASESoutside the range of a review.The whole book deserves the most careful study and appears indispensable not only to rheumatologists in particular, but also to physicians generally.The translation is excellent.Reference to earlier work bearing on the same subject should be made as follows:
The Case Against Anergy Testing as a Routine Adjunct to Tuberculin Skin Testing
Authors: Bonnie S. Slovis
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Although anergy testing is commonly used to help interpret negative tuberculin skin test results, the validity of this approach has not been demonstrated. Specific issues include lack of a standardized protocol for antigen selection, number needed to reliably evaluate inability to respond, and uniform criteria for defining cutaneous reactivity, as well as regional variation in skin test reactivity. Tuberculin skin testing is used to screen for latent infection and to evaluate the need for isoniazid prophylaxis. The presence or absence of reactivity to control antigens does not affect this decision. The results of anergy testing also do not predict the risk for progression to active disease in either HIV-negative or HIV-positive patients. In HIV-negative patients with active tuberculosis, 10% to 20% have negative tuberculin test results, and 5% to 10% have a negative tuberculin result but have a positive reaction to another antigen. A negative tuberculin skin test result does not exclude either latent infection or active disease, even in the presence of a reaction to other antigens. Neither anergy testing nor tuberculin testing obviates the need for microbiologic evaluation when there is suspicion for active tuberculosis infection. Therefore, anergy testing is not useful in screening for asymptomatic tuberculous infection or for diagnosing active tuberculosis.
758 POLYMORPHISMS AND CATECHOLAMINE CONCENTRATION-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP OF BETA-2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: A.M. Peiró, P. Giménez, L. Gomez-Escolar, P. Zapater, J.F. Horga, J.M. Palazón
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Internal Secretions and Dental Caries: With Special Reference to Thyroid Insufficiency
Authors: H. P. Pickerill
Journal: BMJ (1914)

c) Local Treatment.Th'ere remaini solmle circles wlichl neither psychotherapy tior constitutional treatmiient vill break.To stuelh tlle words of Sir Clifford Allbutt apply:In neiurasthleniics a local ill, actiDg and reacting thus, estab- lislies a short circuit anid a vicious circle; aild the local ill mllust be at once readjusted.19Here the physician, whlile ever bearing in mi-ind the danigers of local treatment, that is, the danger of increasing auto-suIggestibility, mnust be prepared to use every weapon in hiis armalmientariumu.Hygienic measures, drugs, sur- gical appliances and operative interference mav all be useful in breaking the circle, so that the perverted forces of Nature can resume their normal course.The improved local condition reacts beneficially on tlle general neurosis; eaclh factor aids the other.In the words of Andre-Tlhomas:Thie local imiiprovemeniit enicourages the sufferer and thus acts l)eneficially on his general health.His morale improves and this in turn exercises a favouirable reaction on tCe local disorder.The vicious circle is broken.20 CONCLUSION.It is strange that so little attention lhas hiitlherto been directed to this self-perpetuating factor in disease.Primiiary reactions are the commonplaces of our textboolis.But tle reciprocal influence of tllose reactions on the original disorder is scarcely thought wortlhy of considleration.And yet this factor is of immneasurable signi- ficance in the evolution, progress and termiination of disease.There is muclh need for a textbook of therapeutics based on tlle principle that the ars xmedica mainly consists in "breaking the circle," and intended to guide tlhc practitioner in hlis attack on tlle locus qninoris recsistentiae.Meanwhile, the pllilosophic physician who studies the olperations of the circle will find his horizon widened and Iiis range of vision extended.His further prospect will assist himii in steering his patient safely to the desired hiaven.True, lhe will discover that the famous Hippocratic dictum-VOVGJo)^o VoELI aTpOL proves a delllsion so far as neurastlhenia is concerned.u3ut hie cani triuimphantly reply- TrXVfi KparOVfIEv coV q/VaOEL VLKCD)'peOa fREFERENCESz.
Incidence, Causes, and Outcomes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Children
Authors: Jeffrey A. Towbin, April M. Lowe, Steven D. Colan, Lynn A. Sleeper, E. John Orav, Sarah Clunie, Jane Messere, Gerald F. Cox, Paul R. Lurie, Daphne Hsu, Charles Canter, James D. Wilkinson, Steven E. Lipshultz
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ContextDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common form of cardiomyopathy and cause of cardiac transplantation in children. However, the epidemiology and clinical course of DCM in children are not well established.ObjectiveTo provide a detailed description of the incidence, causes, outcomes, and related risk factors for DCM in children.Design and SettingLongitudinal study based on a population-based, prospective cohort of children diagnosed as having DCM since January 1, 1996, at 89 pediatric cardiac centers and a retrospectively collected cohort of patients seen primarily at large tertiary care centers in North America and who had diagnoses between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 1995, and were enrolled through February 2003.ParticipantsA total of 1426 children from the United States and Canada diagnosed as having DCM at younger than 18 years. Primary DCM was determined by strict echocardiographic and/or pathologic criteria. Patients with disease due to endocrine, immunologic, drug toxicity, and other causes were excluded.Main Outcome MeasuresAnnual incidence per 100 000 children; mortality; cardiac transplantation.ResultsThe annual incidence of DCM in children younger than 18 years was 0.57 cases per 100 000 per year overall. The annual incidence was higher in boys than in girls (0.66 vs 0.47 cases per 100 000; P&lt;.001), in blacks than in whites (0.98 vs 0.46 cases per 100 000; P&lt;.001), and in infants (&lt;1 year) than in children (4.40 vs 0.34 cases per 100 000; P&lt;.001). The majority of children (66%) had idiopathic disease. The most common known causes were myocarditis (46%) and neuromuscular disease (26%). The 1- and 5-year rates of death or transplantation were 31% and 46%, respectively. Independent risk factors at DCM diagnosis for subsequent death or transplantation were older age, congestive heart failure, lower left ventricular fractional shortening Z score, and cause of DCM (P&lt;.001 for all).ConclusionsIn children, DCM is a diverse disorder with outcomes that depend largely on cause, age, and heart failure status at presentation. Race, sex, and age affect the incidence of disease. Most children do not have a known cause of DCM, which limits the potential for disease-specific therapies.
Late Detection of Critical Congenital Heart Disease Among US Infants
Authors: Cora Peterson, Elizabeth Ailes, Tiffany Riehle-Colarusso, Matthew E. Oster, Richard S. Olney, Cynthia H. Cassell, David E. Fixler, Suzan L. Carmichael, Gary M. Shaw, Suzanne M. Gilboa
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) was added to the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel for Newborns in the United States in 2011. Many states have recently adopted or are considering requirements for universal CCHD screening through pulse oximetry in birth hospitals. Limited previous research is directly applicable to the question of how many US infants with CCHD might be identified through screening.To estimate the proportion of US infants with late detection of CCHD (>3 days after birth) based on existing clinical practice and to investigate factors associated with late detection.Descriptive and multivariable analysis. Data were obtained from a multisite population-based study of birth defects in the United States, the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). We included all live-born infants with estimated dates of delivery from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2007, and nonsyndromic, clinically verified CCHD conditions potentially detectable through screening via pulse oximetry.The main outcome measure was the proportion of infants with late detection of CCHD through echocardiography or at autopsy under the assumption that universal screening at birth hospitals might reduce the number of such late diagnoses. Secondary outcome measures included prevalence ratios for associations between selected demographic and clinical factors and late detection of CCHD.Of 3746 live-born infants with nonsyndromic CCHD, late detection occurred in 1106 (29.5% [95% CI, 28.1%-31.0%]), including 6 (0.2%) (0.1%-0.4%) first receiving a diagnosis at autopsy more than 3 days after birth. Late detection varied by CCHD type from 9 of 120 infants (7.5% [95% CI, 3.5%-13.8%]) with pulmonary atresia to 497 of 801 (62.0% [58.7%-65.4%]) with coarctation of the aorta. In multivariable analysis, late detection varied significantly by CCHD type and study site, and infants with extracardiac defects were significantly less likely to have late detection of CCHD (adjusted prevalence ratio, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.49-0.69]).We estimate that 29.5% of live-born infants with nonsyndromic CCHD in the NBDPS received a diagnosis more than 3 days after birth and therefore might have benefited from routine CCHD screening at birth hospitals. The number of infants in whom CCHD was detected through screening likely varies by several factors, including CCHD type. Additional population-based studies of screening in practice are needed.
Self-Exposure Treatment of Recurrent Nightmares: Waiting-List-Controlled Trial and 4-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Silvana Grandi, Stefania Fabbri, Naike Panattoni, Elisabetta Gonnella, Isaac Marks
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; In open and randomized controlled trials self-exposure therapy reduced the frequency of nightmares but follow-up ceased at 7 months post-entry. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; Ten adults who attended an outpatient clinic and had DSM-IV nightmare disorder were put on a 3-month waiting-list. After 3 months they were given a self-exposure manual and were asked to follow its instructions for 4 weeks and were then followed up for 4 years. They were rated at 0, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 16, 28 and 52 months. At month 0 only, a matched control group of 10 subjects from the same clinic who had no axis I or II disorder was also rated. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; At month 0, the nightmare sufferers had more nightmares, anxiety, depression, hostility and somatic symptoms than the matched control group. All 10 nightmare sufferers completed the 3-month waiting-list, 4-week self-exposure therapy and 4-year follow-up without any dropouts. The recurrent nightmares and most associated symptoms did not improve while on the waiting-list but improved markedly after self-exposure therapy and remained improved over the 4-year follow-up. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Adults’ recurrent nightmares and associated symptoms failed to improve over a 3-month waiting-list period but reduced greatly after subsequent self-exposure therapy with minimal therapist contact over 1 month, and these gains continued over the next 4 years.
Atypical Right Atrial Flutter Patterns
Authors: Yanfei Yang, Jie Cheng, Andy Bochoeyer, Mohamed H. Hamdan, Robert C. Kowal, Richard Page, Randall J. Lee, Paul R. Steiner, Leslie A. Saxon, Michael D. Lesh, Gunnard W. Modin, Melvin M. Scheinman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

The purpose of our study was to define the incidence and mechanisms of atypical right atrial flutter.A total of 28 (8%) of 372 consecutive patients with atrial flutter (AFL) had 36 episodes of sustained atypical right AFL. Among 24 (67%) of 36 episodes of lower loop reentry (LLR), 13 (54%) of 24 episodes had early breakthrough at the lower lateral tricuspid annulus, whereas 11 (46%) of 24 episodes had early breakthrough at the high lateral tricuspid annulus, and 9 (38%) of 24 episodes showed multiple annular breaks. Bidirectional isthmus block resulted in elimination of LLR. A pattern of posterior breakthrough from the eustachian ridge to the septum was observed in 4 (14%) of 28 patients. Upper loop reentry was observed in 8 (22%) of 36 episodes and was defined as showing a clockwise orientation with early annular break and wave-front collision over the isthmus. Two patients had atypical right AFL around low voltage areas ("scars") in the posterolateral right atrium.Atypical right AFL is most commonly associated with an isthmus-dependent mechanism (ie, LLR or subeustachian isthmus breaks). Non-isthmus-dependent circuits include upper loop reentry or scar-related circuits.