tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Beta-globin haplotypes from blood spots for follow-up of newborn hemoglobinopathy screening
Authors: Alan L. Hiti, Licheng Zeng, Qing Xiang, Fred W. Lorey, Darleen R. Powars
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

The inheritance of sickle-cell anemia upon the background of the major β-globin gene cluster haplotypes has been associated with differing risks for major organ failure, and more recently with response to hydroxyurea treatment. Early identification of β-globin haplotypes in individuals with sickle-cell anemia may be a clinically useful prognostic factor for severity of disease expression. This report describes the use of whole-blood spots on filter papers from newborn hemoglobinopathy screening for β-globin gene cluster haplotyping by the polymerase chain reaction. Am. J. Hematol. 54:76–78, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ga-67 Scintigraphy After Bone Marrow Harvest Significance of “Sacroiliac” Asymmetry in the Lymphoma Patient
Authors: GERALD N. LARAR, MILOS J. JANICEK, WILLIAM D. KAPLAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

The importance of recognizing asymmetric Ga-67 citrate uptake in the sacroiliac region after bone marrow harvest and transplant is discussed in a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The patient underwent chemotherapy, irradiation, and autologous bone marrow transplant for stage IV disease. Ga-67 scintigraphy revealed sacroiliac asymmetry suggesting medial iliac reparative changes after bone marrow harvest. Iliac bone marrow biopsy showed no evidence of infection or of recurrent tumor. Subsequent follow-up imaging and open biopsy demonstrated lymphomatous invasion of adjacent soft tissue where initial findings were thought to represent benign, postharvest changes.
Retroposed Elements and Their Flanking Regions Resolve the Evolutionary History of Xenarthran Mammals (Armadillos, Anteaters, and Sloths)
Authors: M. Moller-Krull, F. Delsuc, G. Churakov, C. Marker, M. Superina, J. Brosius, E. J. P. Douzery, J. Schmitz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Armadillos, anteaters, and sloths (Order Xenarthra) comprise 1 of the 4 major clades of placental mammals. Isolated in South America from the other continental landmasses, xenarthrans diverged over a period of about 65 Myr, leaving more than 200 extinct genera and only 31 living species. The presence of both ancestral and highly derived anatomical features has made morphoanatomical analyses of the xenarthran evolutionary history difficult, and previous molecular analyses failed to resolve the relationships within armadillo subfamilies. We investigated the presence/absence patterns of retroposons from ∼7,400 genomic loci, identifying 35 phylogenetically informative elements and an additional 39 informative rare genomic changes (RGCs). DAS-short interspersed elements (SINEs), previously described only in the Dasypus novemcinctus genome, were found in all living armadillo genera, including the previously unsampled Chlamyphorus, but were noticeably absent in sloths. The presence/absence patterns of the phylogenetically informative retroposed elements and other RGCs were then compared with data from the DNA sequences of the more than 12-kb flanking regions of these retroposons. Together, these data provide the first fully resolved genus tree of xenarthrans. Interestingly, multiple evidence supports the grouping of Chaetophractus and Zaedyus as a sister group to Euphractus within Euphractinae, an association that was not previously demonstrated. Also, flanking sequence analyses favor a close phylogenetic relationship between Cabassous and Tolypeutes within Tolypeutinae. Finally, the phylogenetic position of the subfamily Chlamyphorinae is resolved by the noncoding sequence data set as the sister group of Tolypeutinae. The data provide a stable phylogenetic framework for further evolutionary investigations of xenarthrans and important information for defining conservation priorities to save the diversity of one of the most curious groups of mammals.
Treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin type A reconstituted in lidocaine or in normal saline: a randomized, side-by-side, double-blind study
Authors: J. Vadoud-Seyedi, T. Simonart
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Botulinum toxin type A represents a safe and effective treatment for primary axillary hyperhidrosis. One of the most troublesome disadvantages associated with this therapy is pain at the injection sites. Reconstitution of botulinum toxin A in a solution of lidocaine could be an easy alternative procedure to reduce the discomfort associated with those injections. However, the current recommendations are that botulinum toxin A should be reconstituted in normal saline.To compare the efficacy and tolerance profile of saline-diluted botulinum toxin A and lidocaine-diluted botulinum toxin A in patients with axillary hyperhidrosis.In a double-blind, side-by-side, controlled, randomized clinical trial, 29 patients were injected with 100 mouse units of botulinum toxin A (Botox); Allergan Pharmaceuticals Ireland, Westport, Ireland) reconstituted in lidocaine into one axilla and with the same dosage of the toxin, reconstituted in an equal volume of saline, into the other axilla. The patients were followed up for 8 months. Quantification of sweat production was performed by iodine-starch tests and by the patients' own rating of sweating. The intensity of pain associated with the botulinum toxin intracutaneous injections was self-assessed by the patients and was evaluated using a 100-mm visual analogue scale.Botulinum toxin A diluted in normal saline and botulinum toxin A diluted in lidocaine were similarly effective in terms of control of onset of sweat production, duration of effect and subjective percentage of mean decrease in sweating. Both treatments were well tolerated, and there were no lasting or severe adverse effects. However, the mean +/- SD pain score during the procedure was significantly lower in the axillae treated with lidocaine-reconstituted botulinum toxin than in the axillae treated with saline-reconstituted botulinum toxin (29.3 +/- 20.1 vs. 47.5 +/- 24.0; P = 0.0027).Short- and long-term results show the equal effectiveness of botulinum toxin A reconstituted in saline or in lidocaine. However, because injections of botulinum toxin A reconstituted in lidocaine are associated with significantly reduced pain, lidocaine-reconstituted botulinum toxin A may be preferable for treating axillary hyperhidrosis.
The Modern Monitor-Defibrillator
Authors: Richard A. Stein
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Portable monitor-defibrillators with ECG strip chart records are in standard hospital use. When supplied with five-lead systems, these units can generate full 12-lead ECGs. Most of the units evaluated by us were designed with nondiagnostic frequency-response characteristics, which can lead to the generation of a 12-lead ECG with false ST depression. The recordings may not be identified as of nondiagnostic quality and thus adversely affect the patient's management.  (JAMA1981;246:1697-1698)
Anaphylaxis Following Ingestion of a Psyllium-Containing Cereal
Authors: Renee R. Lantner
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Recently, psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid, a bulk-forming laxative, has been added to breakfast cereals for cholesterol-lowering effects. We report a case of a 60-year-old woman with no prior history of psyllium ingestion who developed anaphylactic symptoms after eating a psyllium-containing cereal. Her only previous exposure was dispensing a psyllium-containing laxative as a nurse. Immunoglobulin E-mediated sensitization was documented by skin testing and basophil histamine release. The literature is reviewed regarding allergic reactions to psyllium. Health care workers and pharmaceutical workers handling psyllium may be at increased risk due to sensitization from inhalation. Physicians and consumers should be aware of potential serious reactions from eating psyllium-containing cereals even without prior history of ingestion of psyllium.
Altered Gene Linked to Deafness
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hemodynamic Studies in Patients with 2M and 3M Starr-Edwards Prostheses: Evidence of Obstruction to Left Atrial Emptying
Authors: D. LUKE GLANCY, KEVIN P. O'BRIEN, ROBERT L. REIS, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN, ANDREW G. MORROW
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The hemodynamic findings in 28 patients with small (2M uncovered, 2M and 3M covered) Starr-Edwards mitral prostheses are compared with the findings in 12 patients with larger (3M and 4M uncovered) prostheses. Although most patients with the smaller prostheses evidenced both clinical and hemodynamic improvement after operation, the majority continued to have a significant left atrial-left ventricular pressure gradient and an elevated left atrial pressure at rest. During exercise the gradient increased, and left atrial pressure was abnormally elevated in each patient. The hemodynamic findings were decidedly less satisfactory in patients with smaller prostheses than in patients in whom it had been possible to insert larger prostheses. It is concluded that the major site of obstruction to left atrial emptying in patients with smaller prostheses is the small primary orifice of the prosthesis present at the time of insertion. Further narrowing of the primary or secondary orifices by thrombus and/or tissue ingrowth probably contributes to the obstruction in some patients.
Postexposure Treatment with Doxycycline for the Prevention of Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever
Authors: Tal Hasin, Nadav Davidovitch, Regev Cohen, Tsachi Dagan, Ayal Romem, Nadav Orr, Eyal Klement, Nir Lubezky, Raid Kayouf, Tamar Sela, Nathan Keller, Estela Derazne, Tamar Halperin, Miri Yavzori, Itamar Grotto, Dani Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is an acute febrile illness. In Israel, TBRF is caused by Borrelia persica and is transmitted by Ornithodoros tholozani ticks. We examined the safety and efficacy of postexposure treatment to prevent TBRF.In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 93 healthy subjects with suspected tick exposure (52 with signs of tick bites and 41 close contacts--those without signs but with a similar risk of contact with ticks) were randomly assigned to receive either doxycycline (Dexxon, in a dose of 200 mg the first day and then 100 mg per day for four days) or placebo after presumed exposure to TBRF. Cases of TBRF were defined by fever and a positive blood smear. Serologic analysis for cross-reactivity to Borrelia burgdorferi and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the borrelia glpQ gene were also performed.After randomization, 47 subjects (26 with signs of tick bites and 21 close contacts) received doxycycline. Forty-six other subjects (26 with signs of tick bites and 20 close contacts) received placebo. All 10 cases of TBRF identified by a positive blood smear were in the placebo group of subjects with signs of a tick bite (P<0.001). These findings suggested a 100 percent efficacy of preemptive treatment (95 percent confidence interval, 46 to 100 percent). PCR for the borrelia glpQ gene was negative at baseline for all subjects and subsequently positive in all subjects with fever and a positive blood smear. Seroconversion was detected in eight of nine cases of TBRF. PCR and serum samples were negative for all of the other subjects tested. No major treatment-associated adverse effects were identified.Treatment with doxycycline is safe and efficacious in preventing TBRF after suspected exposure to ticks in a high-risk environment. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00237016 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Hyperkyphosis Predicts Mortality Independent of Vertebral Osteoporosis in Older Women
Authors: Deborah M. Kado
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Excessive kyphosis may be associated with earlier mortality, but previous studies have not controlled for clinically silent vertebral fractures, which are a known mortality risk factor. Objective: To determine whether hyperkyphosis predicts increased mortality independent of vertebral fractures. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Four clinical centers in Baltimore County, Maryland; Portland, Oregon; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and the Monongahela Valley, Pennsylvania. Patients: 610 women, age 67 to 93 years, from a cohort of 9704 women recruited from community-based listings between 1986 and 1988. Measurements: Kyphosis was measured by using a flexicurve. Prevalent radiographic vertebral fractures at baseline were defined by morphometry, and mortality was assessed during an average follow-up of 13.5 years. Results: In age-adjusted models, each SD increase in kyphosis carried a 1.14-fold increased risk for death (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.27; P = 0.023). After adjustment for age and other predictors of mortality, including such osteoporosis-related factors as low bone density, moderate and severe prevalent vertebral fractures, and number of prevalent vertebral fractures, women with greater kyphosis were at increased risk for earlier death (relative hazard per SD increase, 1.15 [CI, 1.01 to 1.30]; P = 0.029). On stratification by prevalent vertebral fracture status, only women with prevalent fractures were at increased mortality risk from hyperkyphosis, independent of age, self-reported health, smoking, spine bone mineral density, number of vertebral fractures, and severe vertebral fractures (relative hazard per SD increase, 1.58 [CI, 1.06 to 2.35]; P = 0.024). Limitation: The study population included only white women. Conclusion: In older women with vertebral fractures, hyperkyphosis predicts an increased risk for death, independent of underlying spinal osteoporosis and the extent and severity of vertebral fractures. Primary Funding Source: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and National Institute on Aging.
Polymorphisms in the Lipoprotein Lipase Gene and Their Associations With Plasma Lipid Concentrations in 40-Year-Old Danish Men
Authors: Christian Gerdes, Lars Ulrik Gerdes, Peter Steen Hansen, Ole Faergeman
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background In some previous studies, Hin dIII and Pvu II restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the lipoprotein lipase ( LPL) gene were associated with coronary heart disease and plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. However, the populations studied were relatively small and heterogeneous in regard to age, sex, and ethnic background. Methods and Results Associations of a Hin dIII (intron 8) and a Pvu II (intron 6) RFLP in the LPL gene with plasma concentrations of cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were studied in 457 randomly selected 40-year-old Danish men. The Hin dIII and the Pvu II sites were in strong linkage disequilibrium. The frequencies of the H + and P + alleles (+ denotes presence of cutting site) were 0.717 and 0.464, respectively. In multivariate analysis, there was a clear gene dosage effect of the H + allele on HDL. The lowest HDL cholesterol concentration was in the H + H + group, the highest concentration was in the H − H − group, and the H + H − group had intermediate HDL concentrations ( P =.03). There was a similar, but not statistically significant gene dosage effect on triglyceride concentrations, with the highest value seen in the H + H + group. There were no other associations between LPL RFLPs and lipoprotein components. In males reporting family history of premature ischemic heart disease, the H + H + genotype was overrepresented (odds ratio, 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 5.53). Conclusions The results suggest that genetic variation in or near the LPL gene plays a role in interindividual differences in HDL cholesterol concentration and in risk of atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease in men.
Psychic Effects in Patients Treated With Levodopa
Authors: Ramon B. Jenkins
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter of Drs. Tobias and Merlis (<b>211</b>:1857,1970) reported their experience of the aggravation of psychiatric symptoms following the administration of levodopa to schizophrenic patients suffering from drug-induced parkinsonism, and the appearance of psychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. The production of psychotic and other mental symptoms in nonschizophrenic patients has been reported by others.<sup>1-3</sup>Bunney and coworkers<sup>4</sup>reported an apparent antidepressant action of levodopa but other authors have reported the appearance of severe depression in some patients.<sup>3,5</sup>A number of drugs and foods are reputed to antagonize the therapeutic effects of levodopa. They include monoamine oxidase inhibitors and psychic energizers, reserpine, phenothiazines, antiemetics, tranquillizers, and alpha methyldopa,<sup>6</sup>cheese, chocolate, and red wine,<sup>7</sup>butyrophenones, and pyridoxine.<sup>8</sup> Because of the lack of information on psychic features given in most articles, and because the warnings against certain other drugs appears to be
Two Cases of Fatal Inhalation Anthrax, One Associated with Sarcoidosis
Authors: Philip S. Brachman, Joseph S. Pagano, Wilhelm S. Albrink
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IN April, 1957, a twenty-eight-year-old man with a two-and-a-half-year history of confirmed sarcoidosis contracted fatal inhalation anthrax. The diagnosis was proved by pathological and bacteriologic studies. During the ensuing epidemiologic investigation, a previously proved case of fatal inhalation anthrax in a fifty-year-old housewife was uncovered. The woman may have been exposed to the same source of Bacillus anthracis as the man even though the cases occurred eight years apart.It is unusual to encounter cases of anthrax, either the cutaneous or the inhalation form, in which the source of the infecting organism is not obvious or readily discovered, for most . . .
P2Y12 Receptor Localizes in the Renal Collecting Duct and Its Blockade Augments Arginine Vasopressin Action and Alleviates Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Authors: Yue Zhang, Janos Peti-Peterdi, Christa E. Müller, Noel G. Carlson, Younis Baqi, David L. Strasburg, Kristina M. Heiney, Karie Villanueva, Donald E. Kohan, Bellamkonda K. Kishore
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12-R) signaling is mediated through Gi, ultimately reducing cellular cAMP levels. Because cAMP is a central modulator of arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced water transport in the renal collecting duct (CD), we hypothesized that if expressed in the CD, P2Y12-R may play a role in renal handling of water in health and in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. We found P2Y12-R mRNA expression in rat kidney, and immunolocalized its protein and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in CD principal cells. Administration of clopidogrel bisulfate, an irreversible inhibitor of P2Y12-R, significantly increased urine concentration and AQP2 protein in the kidneys of Sprague-Dawley rats. Notably, clopidogrel did not alter urine concentration in Brattleboro rats that lack AVP. Clopidogrel administration also significantly ameliorated lithium-induced polyuria, improved urine concentrating ability and AQP2 protein abundance, and reversed the lithium-induced increase in free-water excretion, without decreasing blood or kidney tissue lithium levels. Clopidogrel administration also augmented the lithium-induced increase in urinary AVP excretion and suppressed the lithium-induced increase in urinary nitrates/nitrites (nitric oxide production) and 8-isoprostane (oxidative stress). Furthermore, selective blockade of P2Y12-R by the reversible antagonist PSB-0739 in primary cultures of rat inner medullary CD cells potentiated the expression of AQP2 and AQP3 mRNA, and cAMP production induced by dDAVP (desmopressin). In conclusion, pharmacologic blockade of renal P2Y12-R increases urinary concentrating ability by augmenting the effect of AVP on the kidney and ameliorates lithium-induced NDI by potentiating the action of AVP on the CD. This strategy may offer a novel and effective therapy for lithium-induced NDI.
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn: Progenitor Cells and Late Effects
Authors: Naomi L.C. Luban
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The history of hemolytic disease of the newborn dates to the 1600s, when a French midwife described the birth of twins, one of whom had fatal hydrops fetalis and the other of whom was initially icteric and later died. Centuries have passed, yet morbidity and mortality remain high despite a dramatic increase in our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of this condition.Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when fetal red cells cross the placenta and the mother is immunized with a fetal red-cell antigen that is not present on her red cells. The resulting immune response triggers the . . .
High-resolution endoscopy and early gastrointestinal cancer … dawn in the East
Authors: R. Lambert, H. Saito, Y. Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Cancer in the esophagus, stomach, and large bowel accounted for 24 % of worldwide cancer mortality in 2002 [1]. This burden is expected to increase further as the world's population ages. Prevention is based on early detection of potentially curable cancers and/or precursor conditions that have a significant risk of progression to malignancy. Early detection in the asymptomatic population can be achieved in: (a) people who comply with interventions proposed by health authorities (population-based screening); (b) people with a link to a particular health policy (e. g. occupational screening); and (c) people who contact their own doctor or private health check-up institutions (individual or "opportunistic" screening). Factors that limit the benefit of early detection and treatment of neoplastic lesions include the degree of compliance with the selection procedure and compliance with recall for diagnosis and treatment in people with a positive test. The miss rate for small but potentially cancerous lesions is often responsible for interval cancers. There is also a danger of overdetection and overtreatment of lesions with a very low risk of progression to malignancy.