tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
REPORT OF TWO CASES OF INTRACRANIAL TUMOR.Read in the Section on Neurology and Medical Jurisprudence, at the Forty-fifth Aunual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: ANNE BURNET
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The following cases of intracranial tumor occurred in patients in the Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane. The clinical history and post-mortem findings are given, not because of any marked peculiarity, so much as because of the growing interest in the subject—an interest which can but be stimulated and widened by reports of the careful observation of such cases. It is a matter of regret that an accurate diagnosis was not made before the patients reached the postmortem table, and there is a sort of selfish vindication in the thought that those of wide experience and having at their command the most approved means and methods of diagnosis sometimes fail to arrive at correct conclusions. As knowledge of the brain and its functions increases improvements in methods of diagnosis may be looked for, until a tumor may be as accurately located in the skull as in the abdominal cavity. <i>Case</i>
Schistosomiasis Mansoni: Novel Chemotherapy Using a Cysteine Protease Inhibitor
Authors: Maha-Hamadien Abdulla, Kee-Chong Lim, Mohammed Sajid, James H McKerrow, Conor R Caffrey
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Schistosomiasis is a chronic, debilitating parasitic disease infecting more than 200 million people and is second only to malaria in terms of public health importance. Due to the lack of a vaccine, patient therapy is heavily reliant on chemotherapy with praziquantel as the World Health Organization-recommended drug, but concerns over drug resistance encourage the search for new drug leads.The efficacy of the vinyl sulfone cysteine protease inhibitor K11777 was tested in the murine model of schistosomiasis mansoni. Disease parameters measured were worm and egg burdens, and organ pathology including hepato- and splenomegaly, presence of parasite egg-induced granulomas in the liver, and levels of circulating alanine aminotransferase activity as a marker of hepatocellular function. K11777 (25 mg/kg twice daily [BID]), administered intraperitoneally at the time of parasite migration through the skin and lungs (days 1-14 postinfection [p.i.]), resulted in parasitologic cure (elimination of parasite eggs) in five of seven cases and a resolution of other disease parameters. K11777 (50 mg/kg BID), administered at the commencement of egg-laying by mature parasites (days 30-37 p.i.), reduced worm and egg burdens, and ameliorated organ pathology. Using protease class-specific substrates and active-site labeling, one molecular target of K11777 was identified as the gut-associated cathepsin B1 cysteine protease, although other cysteine protease targets are not excluded. In rodents, dogs, and primates, K11777 is nonmutagenic with satisfactory safety and pharmacokinetic profiles.The significant reduction in parasite burden and pathology by this vinyl sulfone cysteine protease inhibitor validates schistosome cysteine proteases as drug targets and offers the potential of a new direction for chemotherapy of human schistosomiasis.
P137 Efficacy and safety of once-daily aclidinium bromide 200 g in combination with formoterol in patients with COPD
Authors: P. Sliwinski, D.-W. Perng, A. Chuchalin, P. W. Jones
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Combinations of different classes of medication used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may provide additional improvements compared with monotherapy. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of aclidinium bromide 200 μg, a novel long-acting muscarinic antagonist, combined with formoterol, a long-acting β-agonist. All combination and monotherapy treatments were delivered as single inhalations. <h3>Methods</h3> 566 patients with moderate to severe COPD were randomised in a double-blind manner to receive aclidinium plus formoterol 6 μg (n=121), 12 μg (n=120) or 18 μg (n=125), or monotherapy with aclidinium (n=76), formoterol 12 μg (n=65) or placebo (n=59). Treatment was administered once-daily for 4 weeks via the Genuair<sup>®</sup> inhaler, a multidose dry powder inhaler. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in normalised forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) area under the curve over 12 h (AUC<sub>0–12h</sub>) at 4 weeks. Safety was assessed throughout the study. <h3>Results</h3> There was a mean (±SE) increase from baseline in normalised FEV<sub>1</sub> AUC<sub>0–12h</sub> at 4 weeks with aclidinium plus formoterol 6, 12 or 18 μg (0.170±0.022, 0.219±0.22 and 0.230±0.022 l, respectively), and aclidinium (0.075±0.027 l) and formoterol (0.099±0.031 l) monotherapy. No improvement was observed in the placebo group. All combinations were significantly superior to placebo (p&lt;0.0001) and to both monotherapies (p&lt;0.001), except for the comparison between aclidinium and formoterol 6 μg and formoterol 12 μg monotherapy. Mean change from baseline in 12-h FEV<sub>1</sub> at 4 weeks is shown in the figure. Aclidinium plus formoterol 6, 12 or 18 μg was well-tolerated with a safety profile similar to that observed with monotherapy or placebo. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Aclidinium combined with formoterol provided greater improvements in pulmonary parameters than either drug alone or placebo. The bronchodilation provided by aclidinium and formoterol 18 μg was comparable to aclidinium and formoterol 12 μg, suggesting the optimal dose of formoterol was 12 μg. No safety concerns arose during the study. These findings support the combination of aclidinium and formoterol for the treatment of COPD.
THE COMPARATIVE VALUE OF ETHYLENE AS AN ANESTHETIC
Authors: JOHN S. LUNDY
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The status of any anesthetic agent depends on the success of its clinical use.1Two series of cases in which ethylene was administered are, therefore, reported, one from the Mayo Clinic, and the other from Seattle. The first includes a larger number of cases, without routine blood pressure records, and is briefly presented as a preliminary report. The second consists of a smaller number of cases, with routine blood pressure records, and is reported in detail.  Ethylene,2or olefiant gas3(C2H4), may be made by extracting a molecule of water from alcohol. It is a hydrocarbon gas and a constituent of illuminating gas.4It has a pungent, sweetish odor, is inflammable,5and is quite comparable to ether in these respects.6The gas is compressed to a liquid in steel cylinders, and is available for use in the same manner as nitrous
Sitting leaders ask you to stand up for safety
Authors: P. T Wilmshurst
Journal: BMJ (2009)

If junior doctors follow the recommendation of medical leaders and stand up for the safety of patients will they receive support from those leaders?1

“Staff concerns about safety at Mid Staffordshire trust were ‘lost in a black hole.’”2 The evidence suggests that whistleblowers who report concerns are treated no better in the NHS now than at the time of the scandal at Bristol Royal Infirmary.3 Medical leaders …
The Continuing Insurance Problem
Authors: George R. Ruiz
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This is a sequel to my previous letter, "The Increasing Insurance Problem" (223:1391, 1973). There I dealt with the insurance companies presuming to set prices for the specialists. Now I shall deal with an even more basic problem, the way our claims are being handled by the various insurance companies. In the last ten years, the simple act of submitting a claim to the insurance company has become bogged down with complications. If a mere hyphen between numbers is inadvertently omitted, the claim is returned to the physician with a notice that the patient's insurance claim number is incorrect and that the claim must be resubmitted with the correct number. The physician's office staff must recheck the patient's file for the information, insert the hyphen in the correct place, fill out another form, mail it to the insurance company, and wait—wait—wait—for either another rejection, perhaps a payment,
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS: CLINICAL PROFILE, PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATION AND RESPONSE TO TRANSCATHETER AORTIC IMPLANTATION
Authors: Itsik Ben-Dor, Steven A. Goldstein, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Rebecca Torguson, Petros Okubagzi, Zhenyi Xue, Yanlin Li, Asmir I. Syed, Zuyue Wang, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Michael A. Gaglia, Gabriel Maluenda, Kohei Wakabayashi, Cedric Delhaye, Nicholas N. Hanna, Sara D. Collins, William O. Suddath, Kenneth M. Kent, Joseph Lindsay, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
7. Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 (AAV2) Contains an Integrin alpha5beta1 Recognition Sequence Essential for Viral Cell Entry
Authors: Aravind Asokan, Julie B. Hamra, Mavis Agbandje-McKenna, Richard J. Samulski
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Integrins have been implicated as co-receptors in the infectious pathways of several non-enveloped viruses. For example, adenoviruses are known to interact with several alphaV integrins by virtue of a high affinity arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) domain present in the penton base of the capsid. In case of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2), which lacks this RGD motif, integrin alphaVbeta5 has been identified as a co-receptor for cellular entry. However, the molecular determinants of AAV2 capsid-integrin interactions and the potential exploitation of alternative integrins as co-receptors by AAV2 have not been determined thus far. In this report, we demonstrate that integrin alpha5beta1 serves as an alternative co-receptor for AAV2 infection in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Such interactions are mediated by a highly conserved asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) motif known to bind alpha5beta1 integrin with moderate affinity. Mutation of this domain reduces transduction efficiency by 10-fold ompared with wild type AAV2 in vitro and in vivo. Further characterization of mutant and wild type AAV2 capsids using cell surface and solid phase binding assays, peptide inhibition studies, and transduction assays in cell lines lacking specific integrins confirmed the role of the NGR motif in promoting AAV2-integrin interactions. Molecular modeling studies suggest that the NGR domain forms a surface loop located at the three-fold axis of symmetry adjacent to residues previously implicated in binding heparan sulfate, the primary receptor for AAV2. Based on the aforementioned results, we propose that cellular internalization of AAV2 follows a "click-to-fit" mechanism that involves co-operative binding of heparan sulfate and alpha5beta1 integrin receptors by the AAV2 capsid.
Teardrop poikilocytes in metastatic carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Barbara J Bain, Nadine Farah, Rashpal Flora
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

The blood film in carcinoma metastatic to the bone marrow can simulate that of primary myelofibrosis although the film of primary myelofibrosis may show additional abnormalities such as dysplastic granulocytes, giant or hypogranular platelets, or occasional circulating micromegakaryocytes or megakaryocyte nuclei. Even a remote history of carcinoma of the breast is relevant in a patient with a leucoerythroblastic blood film since metastases may appear many years after the primary tumor.
The Cancer Registry
Authors: Adam O. Goldstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

On Being a Doctor6 July 2010The Cancer RegistryAdam O. Goldstein, MD, MPHAdam O. Goldstein, MD, MPHFrom University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-1-201007060-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail C.R. died of metastatic colon cancer 6 months after he initially was admitted to the hospital for a gastrointestinal obstruction complicated by aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, hypothyroidism, a seizure disorder, and anemia. He had severe mental retardation and was 73 years old. He was also a ward of the state.I remember the residents informing me when C.R. was subsequently admitted to the hospital for metastatic colon cancer that spread to his ureters and a necrotic psoas muscle. He could no longer move his bowels, and he died a few days later in hospice. I remember hearing about these things, but ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.Corresponding Author: Adam O. Goldstein, MD, MPH, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB 7595 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; e-mail, [email protected]unc.edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 July 2010Volume 153, Issue 1Page: 57-58KeywordsChartsChildrenColonoscopyColorectal cancerEpileptic seizuresGenital anatomyHealth care qualityHospitalizationsIntellectual disabilityYoung adults ePublished: 6 July 2010 Issue Published: 6 July 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Expression of mRNA for DNA methyltransferases and methyl-CpG–binding proteins and DNA methylation status on CpG islands and pericentromeric satellite regions during human hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Y Saito
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

To evaluate the significance of alterations in DNA methylation during human hepatocarcinogenesis, we examined levels of mRNA for DNA methyltransferases and methyl-CpG-binding proteins and the DNA methylation status in 67 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). The average level of mRNA for DNMT1 and DNMT3a was significantly higher in noncancerous liver tissues showing chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis than in histologically normal liver tissues, and was even higher in HCCs. Significant overexpression of DNMT3b and reduced expression of DNMT2 were observed in HCCs compared with the corresponding noncancerous liver tissues. DNA hypermethylation on CpG islands of the p16 (8% and 66%) and hMLH1 (0% and 0%) genes and methylated in tumor (MINT) 1 (6% and 34%), 2 (24% and 58%), 12 (21% and 33%), 25 (0% and 5%), and 31 (0% and 23%) clones, and DNA hypomethylation on satellites 2 and 3 (18% and 67%), were detected in noncancerous liver tissues and HCCs, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the expression level of any DNA methyltransferase and DNA methylation status. Reduced expression of DNA repair protein, MBD4, was significantly correlated with poorer tumor differentiation and involvement of portal vein. Slightly reduced expression of MBD2 was detected in HCCs, and the expression of MeCP2 was particularly reduced in HCCs with portal vein involvement. These data suggest that overexpression of DNMT1 and DNMT3a, DNA hypermethylation on CpG islands, and DNA hypomethylation on pericentromeric satellite regions are early events during hepatocarcinogenesis, and that reduced expression of MBD4 may play a role in malignant progression of HCC.
ETHYLENE AND OXYGEN AS AN ANESTHETIC FOR INFANTS
Authors: JOHN S. LUNDY
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Ethylene gas for anesthesia was advocated early in 1923 by Luckhardt of the University of Chicago. The Presbyterian Hospital in Chicago then began to use it. Good results were reported. Thus far ethylene has been used principally to anesthetize adults and children. No report of its use for infants has been found in the literature. The four cases presented here constitute a preliminary report on ethylene-oxygen as an anesthetic for infants. The only noteworthy difference in these charts is the respiratory curve. These notes are additional to the charts, which are otherwise self-explanatory. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —A boy, aged 4 weeks, weighing 4 pounds, 12½ ounces (2.2 kg.), was in a critical condition. He had lost a large percentage of his best weight, and was emaciated, weak and blue. A diagnosis of pyloric obstruction was made. The pediatric surgeon, who operated in all four of these cases, left the choice of
A CLINICAL NOTE ON THE USE OF PYOKTANIN.
Authors: H. B. YOUNG
Journal: JAMA (1896)

My experience with pyoktanin probably differs little from that of your own in those suppurative troubles of the eye and ear for which it has been considerably lauded,<i>i.e.</i>, occasionally very satisfactory, but more often disappointing, if not indeed aggravating. In fact after many disappointments I practically discarded it from my list of remedies as I have no doubt many have done. About two years ago, however, after an unsuccessful attempt to treat a case that I had diagnosed as phlyctenular conjunctivitis, by the classical method, viz.: Pagenstecher's ointment, calomel dust and mydriatics locally, plus alterative and tonic medication internally, pyoktanin in 1-1000 aqueous solution locally was accidentally suggested. To my surprise the case improved rapidly under it and was soon well. A month later the patient, an anemic girl of 15 years, returned with a fresh efflorescence. Again was the Pagenstecher's ointment and calomel dust distinctly irritating and the
Deep enteroscopy with standard endoscopes using a novel through-the-scope balloon
Authors: Vivek Kumbhari, Andrew Storm, Mouen Khashab, Marcia Canto, Payal Saxena, Venkata Akshintala, Ahmed Messallam, Vikesh Singh, Anne-Marie Lennon, Eun Shin, Joanna Law, Patrick Okolo III
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> A new on-demand enteroscopy (ODE) device has been designed to allow deep enteroscopy using a standard adult colonoscope with the aid of a novel through-the-scope balloon. The aims of the current study were to establish the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of ODE in performing anterograde and retrograde enteroscopy. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A retrospective, single-center study of 28 consecutive deep ODE procedures (11 anterograde and 17 retrograde) was performed. Diagnostic yield, therapeutic yield, technical success, procedure time, depth of maximal insertion (DMI), time to DMI, and adverse events were recorded. <b>Results:</b> The mean diagnostic and therapeutic yields were 45 % and 36 % for anterograde enteroscopy and 59 % and 47 % for retrograde enteroscopy, respectively. Technical success was achieved in 100 %. For anterograde enteroscopy, the mean total procedure time was 24 minutes, with a mean DMI of 1.2 m. For retrograde enteroscopy, the mean total procedure time was 31 minutes, with a mean DMI of 1.1 m. No adverse events were recorded. <b>Conclusion:</b> Deep enteroscopy using a novel through-the-scope balloon and standard endoscope appeared to be feasible and safe, with rapid procedures times.
Government clears way for practitioners of traditional Indian medicine to practise modern medicine
Authors: M. Kay
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Indian Union Health and Family Welfare Ministry has suggested that doctors who practise traditional Indian systems of medicine (ISM) should also be allowed to practise modern medicine. 

Vishwas Mehta, joint secretary in the ministry, recently wrote to all state health departments telling them to amend state laws so that ISM professionals could be registered in state medical registers and allowed to practise modern medicine. 

Welcoming the news, K Tripathi, president of the National Integrated Medical Association, the largest organisation representing institutionally …
Eroding the Physician's Control of Therapy
Authors: Donald O. Schiffman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

For several years, those associated with the profession of pharmacy have become increasingly aware that the graduating pharmacist is overtrained for the usual duties he performs in the drugstore or hospital pharmacy. This development has resulted from a variety of influences, among which are an extra year of study for the Bachelor of Science degree, more sophisticated and technical classes in the pharmacy curriculum, and increased efforts by drug manufacturers to improve the ease of drug dispensing, which practically eliminates the compounding of prescriptions. Both local and national pharmacy organizations, recognizing the problem, have proposed new roles for the pharmacist in an effort to make better utilization of his considerable knowledge. One such proposal adopted by the American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA) was presented to organized medicine in the form of a white paper entitled<i>The Pharmacist's Role In Product Selection</i>. This paper contains the premise that the pharmacist is best
International review of experimental pathology. Vol 1.
Authors: Bernard Black-Schaffer
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The aim of the editors, to enable the investigator, teacher, and student "to evaluate in depth developments in many important areas of investigation," and "... to provide informative and balanced reviews relating to the etiology, pathogenesis, and effects of disease," has been achieved in Nossal's review on "Genetic Control of Lymphopoiesis, Plasma Cell Formation, and Antibody Production" and in Moscoma's contribution "Cellular Interactions in Experimental Histogenesis." Both articles are narrations and provide sufficient background to enable the lay scientist to appreciate current contributions in these fields as part of the mosaic of biology. Both authors are sufficiently intrepid to raise their eyes above the horizon of current concepts, thus establishing contacts with other fields and viewpoints which, at times, brings to the reader the thrill of discovery. In contrast, the lengthy article by Janet Vaughn on "Bone Disease Induced by Radiation" is an annotated catalogue with frequent repetitions. It is one
Aspirated foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial tree: report of 250 cases.
Authors: O A Abdulmajid, A M Ebeid, M M Motaweh, I S Kleibo
Journal: Thorax (1976)

During the last 14 years, 250 patients with aspirated foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial tree were admitted to Kuwait Chest Diseases Hospital. Ninety-six per cent of the cases were under 10 years of age and 38% gave a clear history of foreign body inhalation. The rest were diagnosed either clinically, from the chest radiograph findings or because of unexplained pulmonary symptoms. In 247 cases, bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia was successful in removing the foreign bodies. In only three cases was bronchotomy needed. Seventy per cent of the foreign bodies were melon seeds. Asphyxia and cardiac arrest occurred in four cases during bronchoscopy but the patients were successfully resuscitated. In 10 cases a tracheostomy was done before bronchoscopy and the removal of the foreign body, while in five it was needed after bronchoscopy. Fifteen patients developed late complications such as recurrent pneumonia or atelectasis of the lung. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential to prevent pulmonary and cardiac complications and to avoid radical lung surgery.