tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Nitric Oxide in Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats
Authors: HILARIO NUNES, DIDIER LEBREC, MICHEL MAZMANIAN, FRÉDÉRIQUE CAPRON, JÖRG HELLER, KHALID A. TAZI, ERIC ZERBIB, ELISABETH DULMET, RICHARD MOREAU, A. TUAN DINH-XUAN, GERALD SIMONNEAU, PHILIPPE HERVÉ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is characterized by intrapulmonary vascular dilatations and an increased alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (AaPO(2)). Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) concentrations are elevated, suggesting that pulmonary NO overproduction may be the mechanism underlying HPS. We investigated whether common bile duct ligation in rats results in lung NO overproduction and whether normalization of NO synthesis by a 6-wk course of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (5 mg x kg(-)(1) x d(-)(1)) prevents HPS. Untreated cirrhotic rats showed increases in AaPO(2) and in cerebral uptake of intravenous (99m)Tc-labeled albumin macroaggregates (indicating intrapulmonary vascular dilatations), with decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance and in pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin II and hypoxia. Increases were found in exhaled NO; pulmonary total and calcium-dependent NO synthase (NOS) activities; and pulmonary expression of inducible and, to a lesser extent, endothelial NOS. Accumulation of intravascular macrophages accounted for the inducible NOS expression. L-NAME normalized AaPO(2), brain radioactivity, pulmonary vascular resistance, reactivity to hypoxia and angiotensin II, exhaled NO, and NOS activities. These findings suggest that HPS and the associated reduced response to pulmonary vasoconstrictors seen in untreated cirrhotic rats are related to increased pulmonary NO production dependent primarily on increases in the expression and activities of inducible NOS within pulmonary intravascular macrophages.
Hepatic sinusoidal dilatation with portal hypertension during azathioprine treatment after kidney transplantation
Authors: Paul G.G. Gerlag, Sacha Lobatto, Willem M.M. Driessen, Pius F.L. Deckers, Johannes P. Van Hooff, Ed Schröder, Karel M. Assmann, Urbain J.G. Van Haelst
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1985)
Jennifer Asscher (née Lloyd)
Authors: William Asscher
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer senior medical officer Welsh Office and Department of Health, London (b 1937; q The London Hospital Medical College 1961; MFCM, JP), died from breast cancer on 27 March 2006.



Figure 1



After part time work in various specialties Jennifer retrained in community medicine and was appointed senior medical officer in the Welsh Office in charge of regional services development. In 1988 she transferred to the Department of Health in London. In 1972 she fought two general elections for the Liberal Party in Barry. She served on the Cardiff Bench for 20 years and was a trustee of the National Botanic Gardens of Wales, chairman of the Vale of Glamorgan Music Festival, and a member of the BBC Broadcasting Council in Wales. She leaves a husband, two daughters, and five grand-children.
Cilomilast, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor for treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised, dose-ranging study
Authors: Christopher H Compton, Jason Gubb, Richard Nieman, Jeffrey Edelson, Ohad Amit, Alan Bakst, Jon G Ayres, Jacques PHM Creemers, Gerhard Schultze-Werninghaus, Christian Brambilla, Neil C Barnes
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Abstract 2597: Prospective study of the relationship between coffee and tea with colorectal cancer risk: The PLCO cancer screening trial.
Authors: Christine Dominianni, Wen-Yi Huang, Sonja Berndt, Richard B. Hayes, Jiyoung Ahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Coffee and tea are commonly consumed and carry several potential anticancer components which could reduce the risk of colorectal cancer risk; however, the relationships of coffee and tea consumption with colorectal cancer risk remain unclear. We prospectively examined the relations of coffee and tea intake to colorectal cancer risk in 53,480 men and women in the intervention arm of the NCI-Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. The majority of these men and women (82.3%) received flexible sigmoidoscopy screening at baseline. Coffee and tea intakes were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire at study baseline. Six-hundred and twenty-two incident colorectal cancer cases were ascertained during a median follow-up of 11.4 years. Greater coffee intake was not associated with risk of colorectal cancer. The relative risks for &amp;lt;1 cup/day, 1 cup/day, 2-3 cups/day and ≥4 cups/day, respectively, were 0.89 (95% CI=0.65-1.20), 0.92 (95% CI=0.68-1.25), 1.02 (95% CI=0.76-1.36) and 1.08 (95% CI=0.78-1.49); p for trend = 0.16. Associations were also not detected for ≥4 cups of coffee/day when stratifying by cancer site (proximal, distal and rectal, p for heterogeneity = 0.53) or stage of disease (stage I, stage II and stage III/IV, p for heterogeneity = 0.86). Furthermore, associations remained unchanged in subsets of participants for either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee or when stratifying by several colorectal cancer risk factors. Similarly, greater tea intake was not associated with colorectal cancer risk. The relative risks for &amp;lt;1 cup/day, 1 cup/day and ≥2 cups/day were 1.02 (95% CI=0.82-1.27), 1.14 (95% CI=0.83-1.58) and 0.76 (95% CI=0.53-1.10), respectively; p for trend = 0.15. There were also no associations observed for ≥2 cups of tea/day by cancer site (proximal, distal and rectal, p for heterogeneity = 0.79) or stage of disease (stage I, stage II and stage III/IV, p for heterogeneity = 0.44). The associations were also not modified by several colorectal cancer risk factors. In conclusion, the findings of this study do not provide evidence to suggest that drinking coffee or tea is beneficial in protecting against colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Christine Dominianni, Wen-Yi Huang, Sonja Berndt, Richard B. Hayes, Jiyoung Ahn. Prospective study of the relationship between coffee and tea with colorectal cancer risk: The PLCO cancer screening trial. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2597. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2597
Onset of action and duration of effect of formoterol and salmeterol compared to salbutamol in isolated guinea pig trachea with or without epithelium
Authors: A. Ullman, A. Bergendal, A. Lindén, B. Waldeck, B.‐E. Skoogh, C.‐G. Löfdahl
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Formoterol and salmeterol are 2 newly developed β2‐adrenoceptor agonists for inhalation with prolonged duration of effect compared with currently available β‐agonists. The clinical duration of effect has been suggested to be correlated to a decreased washability in vitro , i.e. decreased effect due to continuous washing of the organ bath. In this study we compared the washability and the onset of the relaxatory effect of formoterol (0.01 μM), salmeterol (0.05 μM) and salbutamol (0.1 μM) in isolated guinea pig trachea contracted with carbachol (0.1 μM). We also evaluated a possible influence of the epithelium on onset of action and/or duration of effect. A significant relaxatory effect of formoterol and salmeterol remained after washing, whereas of effect of salbutamol remained. We also found a rapid onset of action for both salbutamol and formoterol, but a significantly slower onset for salmeterol. Both the washability and the onset of action were found to be independent of the presence of the epithehum. Clinical aspects An increased knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the onset of action and duration of effect of these new drugs may improve the understanding of the function of the β‐adrenoceptor in the airways. This study confirms the clinical data indicating a prolonged bronchorelaxatory effect of salmeterol and formoterol, and shows that this effect does not depend on an intact epithelium.
Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with 5-Aminosalicylic Acid
Authors: Charles A. Sninsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 October 1993Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with 5-Aminosalicylic AcidCharles A. Sninsky, MDCharles A. Sninsky, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-8-199310150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Sutherland and colleagues [1] recently discussed the relative value of sulfasalazine and other 5-aminosalicylic acid preparations in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. There was an inconsistency in the authors' interpretation of the studies comparing 5-aminosalicylic acid with placebo. For the studies involving Dipentum (Kabi Pharmacia, Piscataway, New Jersey), Pentasa (Marion Merrell Dow, Kansas City, Missouri), and Rowasa (Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Marietta, Georgia), the response rates appear to be the percentages of patients who either improved or achieved remission. For the studies involving Asacol (Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Norwich, New York), however, the response rates quoted include only the ...References1. Sutherland LR, May GR, Shaffer EA. Sulfasalazine revisited: a meta-analysis of 5-aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:540-9. Google Scholar2. Sninsky CA, Cort DH, Shanahan F, Powers BJ, Sessions JT, Pruitt RE, et al. Oral mesalamine (Asacol) for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. Ann Intern Med. 1991; 115:350-5. Google Scholar3. Schroeder KW, Tremaine WJ, Ilstrup DM. Coated oral 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized study. N Engl J Med. 1987; 317:1625-9. Google Scholar4. Sninsky CA, Shanahan F. The use of placebos in controlled trials (Letter). Ann Intern Med. 1992; 116:265. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Charles A. Sninsky, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1993Volume 119, Issue 8Page: 858-859KeywordsColitisColonFatigueUlcerative colitis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 October 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Coronary heart disease and mortality in middle aged men from different occupational classes in Sweden.
Authors: A. Rosengren, H. Wedel, L. Wilhelmsen
Journal: BMJ (1988)

In the Gothenburg primary prevention study 7083 middle aged men were classified into five categories by occupational state. A retrospective analysis of the data showed that low occupational class was associated with slight increases in smoking rates, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol concentration, body mass index, and heart rate. Alcohol abuse was strongly associated with low occupational class. After a mean of 11.8 years' follow up the incidence of coronary heart disease was found to be strongly and inversely related to occupational class. For death from coronary heart disease this association fell just below significance when other risk factors were taken into account, but the inverse association between non-fatal myocardial infarction and occupational class persisted even in multivariate analysis. A weak but independent inverse relation was found between occupational class and fatal cancer. Mortality from all causes in the lowest occupational class was 12% compared with 6% in the highest class, and this difference could only partly be explained by other factors. After 10 years a sub-sample of the men were examined again. Risk factors had decreased in all occupational classes, but the changes in risk were not associated with occupational class. Social class, defined by occupation, in Sweden is clearly related to the incidence of coronary heart disease.
Plasmapheresis with Plasma Exchange in Hepatic Coma
Authors: MICHAEL J. LEPORE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Five patients with acute fulminant hepatic necrosis with coma were subjected to vigorous, massive, and prolonged plasmapheresis with plasma exchange on the theory that removal of the patient's plasma would eliminate or reduce circulating noxious protein-bound factors responsible for coma and that replacement of the patient's plasma with fresh frozen human plasma would support the patient through the critical period required for hepatocyte regeneration. One of the five patients emerged from stage IV coma on day 6 and another on day 8 of vigorous plasmapheresis and appeared to be recovering until severe and relentless bronchopneumonia led to their deaths. The technique can be conducted in humans without undue risk and is more practicable and more in keeping with the pathology of hepatic necrosis than pig liver bypass, human cadaver liver bypass, or cross-circulation with humans, baboons, or chimpanzees.
Chagasic Cardiopathy
Authors: PATRICIO M. COSSIO, CARLOS DIEZ, ANA SZARFMAN, EDUARDO KREUTZER, BARTOLOMÉ CANDIOLO, ROBERTO M. ARANA
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Twenty-four out of 25 patients with Chagas' heart disease have circulating immunoglobulins which react by indirect immunofluorescence technique with endocardium, interstitium and blood vessels of the heart. With skeletal muscle the reaction was observed in interstitium and vascular structures, but with other organs it was limited to vascular structures. This endocardial-vascular-interstitial factor (EVI) fixed complement. Some evidence indicated that this reaction could be obtained using the serum and tissues from the same patient: for instance, in one positive case a right atrium biopsy was performed. When this substrate was used for indirect immunofluorescence, employing the patient's own serum, positive results were obtained. Specificity is not related to AB blood group systems, or to Forssman or Wassermann antigens. The reacting factor was effectively absorbed from sera with organ homogenates, and with guinea pig red blood cells although it was independent of heterophil antibodies. In almost all cases studied, the EVI factor of the serum, when absorbed with epimastigotes of T. cruzi , results in a negative reaction, suggesting that the genesis of the reacting gamma globulin is related to antigens of T. cruzi. The EVI factor was also observed in 19 of 47 asymptomatic controls from an endemic area with positive serology for T. cruzi and in 3 of 27 with negative serology. These 3 cases had anti- T. cruzi antibodies in titers just below those considered of clinical value. The EVI factor was not observed in 119 normal individuals and 286 patients with selected cardiovascular diseases or another pathology from a nonendemic area. These findings and those mentioned above were statistically significant ( P &lt; 0.001). These results indicate the possibility of a more accurate diagnosis of chagasic myocardiopathy based on the study of the EVI factor, because in an individual case the diagnosis of chronic chagasic cardiopathy can be considered with a low probability in the absence of this factor.
Screening Data from the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center Screening Laboratories, XXXVII. Plant Extracts
Authors: B. J. Abbott, J. L. Hartwell, J. Leiter, R. E. Perdue, S. A. Schepartz
Journal: Cancer Research (1966)

Data are reported on 1197 plant extracts which were tested in the primary screens of the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center. Almost all the materials were tested in Sarcoma 180, Adenocarcinoma 755, Leukemia 1210, and KB cells in culture; some tests were also carried out in Dunning leukemia ascites, Lewis lung carcinoma, Human sarcoma HS1, and Melanotic melanoma. Data are reported only on materials which have not demonstrated sufficient activity in these systems to warrant further investigation. The number of test systems in the screening program has recently been reduced; the reasons for the reduction are discussed.
Protection from reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart by postischaemic deferoxamine and oxypurinol administration
Authors: S. F BADYLAK, A. SIMMONS, J. TUREK, C. F BABBS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Journal Article Protection from reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart by postischaemic deferoxamine and oxypurinol administration Get access STEPHEN F BADYLAK, STEPHEN F BADYLAK **From the Hillenbrand Biomedical Engineering Center, Purdue University, W Lafayette, Indiana, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ABBY SIMMONS, ABBY SIMMONS **From the Hillenbrand Biomedical Engineering Center, Purdue University, W Lafayette, Indiana, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOHN TUREK, JOHN TUREK **From the Hillenbrand Biomedical Engineering Center, Purdue University, W Lafayette, Indiana, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar CHARLES F BABBS CHARLES F BABBS **From the Hillenbrand Biomedical Engineering Center, Purdue University, W Lafayette, Indiana, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 21, Issue 7, July 1987, Pages 500–506, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/21.7.500 Published: 01 July 1987 Article history Received: 18 June 1986 Accepted: 30 January 1987 Published: 01 July 1987
Temporal interaction patterns in the offensive process in the Spanish League 2010/2011 season
Authors: A Barbosa, N Martins, J Leitão, H Sarmento, J Campaniço
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the existence of behaviour patterns that repeat seven times Offensive Process in Spanish league 2010/2011 Season. To collect data, we used the instrument validated by Sarmento et al (2010). This instrument consists of a specific notational system to study the offensive process and its variables, based on previous procedures and an exploratory phase of the study, in which we observed video images of several offensive sequences in nine games of Spanish league. To verify the occurrence of patterns, we used THEME 5.0 software, a professional system for detecting and analysing hidden patterns in behaviour by performing intensive structural analysis of behavioural data. It detects complex repeated patterns that otherwise remain hidden. For the detection of the patterns, we only considered the ones repeating seven times. We detected six t-patterns, referring to the whole process from recovering possession of the ball until completing the offensive process (OP) successfully. When analysing the patterns, we found that the area of recovery of possession is the defensive midfield. In all detected patterns the second action happens in another zone of field always in a lateral corridor. After the ball gets to the offensive midfield, there is a rapid and long change of the playing area and then the team tries to quickly end the O.P. This type of studies that focus in quality perspective allows us recognise sequences of game play resulting from the actions that occur during the different phases of the match, and understand them and verify as patterns. The results suggest that collecting a larger volume of data allowed us to detect more temporal patterns and more frequently repeated. The analyses in natural context, the game, allows us to obtain information how to organise the training process so that the team understand ways to enhance the team potential and oppose adversary actions of success.
Phenotypic indications that human sweat glands are a rich source of nestin-positive stem cell populations
Authors: A.E. Petschnik, J.E. Klatte, L.H. Evers, C. Kruse, R. Paus, S. Danner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background We have recently shown that the expression of nestin, a progenitor/stem cell marker protein, is localized in different mesenchymal compartments in human skin including the sweat gland stroma. Objectives As other exocrine glands are recognized sources of multipotent stem cell populations with potential for multilineage differentiation, it was our aim to isolate, expand and characterize glandular stem cells from human sweat glands. Methods Isolation of human sweat glands was based on mechanical and enzymatic digestion of axillary skin. Cultivation was performed on collagen‐coated cell culture dishes and the resulting cell population was investigated at the protein and mRNA level. Results Outgrowing cells of isolated sweat glands showed a high‐proliferation activity and were characterized by nestin expression in more than 80% of the cells. These sweat gland stem cells could be maintained in culture for long periods of time and showed spontaneous differentiation into cells representative of the different germ layers. Conclusions This pilot study provides the first, simple protocol for the isolation of adult human nestin‐positive stem cells from the sweat gland mesenchyme, which promises to provide an easily accessible and abundantly available, autologous source of multipotent stem cells for cell‐based regenerative medicine applications.
Rendezvous Procedure for Removal of a Dislocated Biliary Metal Stent Following Whipple’s Operation
Authors: P. Born, T. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

A 61-year-old man was transferred from another hospital because of recurrent cholestasis. He had undergone a Whipple’s operation for pancreatric cancer 27 months previously. Because of a stenosis of the biliodigestive anastomosis (tumor recurrence was suspected, but not histologically confirmed) a first, uncovered, metal stent was inserted percutaneously 1 year after surgery. At 9 months after that, a second metal stent (now a covered version) was placed to treat stent occlusion. We performed percutaneous puncture and drainage of the biliary system, and the second metal stent dislocated distally into the small bowel during dilation (Figure [1]). The first stent was firmly embedded in the biliary duct. To avoid further complications, removal of the second dislocated stent was planned. The endoscope could not reach the biliodigestive anastomosis. A flexible Terumo guide wire was therefore introduced deeply into the small bowel via the percutaneous tract, was grasped with a forceps using a pediatric colonoscope and was pulled out of the mouth. A Teflon guide wire was then substituted for the Terumo wire. A 15-mm dilation balloon catheter (CRE-balloon; Boston Scientific, Ratingen, Germany) was inserted perorally over this guide wire, and pushed forward until it reached the dislocated stent (Figure [1]), with the help of manipulation at both ends of the wire. After placement inside the stent, the balloon was inflated and extracted through the mouth together with the stent, without any problems (Figures [2] and [3]). Treatment was then continued with a Yamakawa-type prosthesis, as planned. This case represents a further example of the usefulness of the combined endoscopic and percutaneous approach in difficult biliary situations; otherwise surgery would have been the only alternative.
Some Reflections on Medical Education and Teaching in the Developing Countries
Authors: K. R. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Aberdeen medical students were asked by questionary what they intended to do when qualified, why they had chosen a particular specialty, and where they planned to practise.This paper is based on the answers of 223 students in the second to the fifth years of study.There was considerable variation between students in different years in respect of sex ratio and place of upbringing.The social background of these medical students is shown to be predominantly professional.