tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Report Weighs Options for Bulimia Nervosa Treatment
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IgG subclasses in the serum and sputum from patients with bronchiectasis
Authors: S L Hill, J L Mitchell, D Burnett, R A Stockley
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> IgG subclass deficiency is often associated with recurrent pulmonary infections. The prevalence of deficiency in a large well characterised group of patients with bronchiectasis has not previously been established. <h3>METHODS</h3> Serum IgG subclass concentrations in 89 patients with bronchiectasis were compared with those obtained from a group of 82 age and sex matched normal healthy controls. Sputum IgG subclass concentrations were also assessed in 44 of the patients. Albumin was measured as a marker of protein transudation from plasma to determine the degree of local IgG subclass production. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The serum concentrations of IgG<sub>1</sub>, IgG<sub>2</sub> and IgG<sub>3</sub> were increased in the patients compared with the control group whereas IgG<sub>4</sub> concentrations were not. There was an overall incidence of deficiency of 1% for subclasses 1–3 and 5% for subclass 4 in patients with bronchiectasis based on observed concentrations being below the lower limit of the control group range. The concentrations of IgG subclasses in sputum were partly dependent upon the degree of inflammation as assessed by the macroscopic appearance of purulence. A comparison of the ratio of sputum:serum subclass concentration and sputum:serum albumin, however, revealed that all of the subclasses were present at greater concentrations than could be accounted for by transudation alone. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> A new normal control range for serum IgG subclasses has been established and from this range it was found that IgG subclass deficiency in a group of unselected patients with bronchiectasis was comparatively rare. A significant degree of local IgG production was also suggested in the lungs of these patients.
Effects of Ethanol on the Male Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis*
Authors: THOMAS W. BOYDEN, RICHARD W. PAMENTER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1983)

It is estimated that at least seven percent of the adult population in the United States are alcoholics or abuse alcohol (1). Considering the extent of the alcohol problem it is obvious that a basic understanding of the medical consequences of alcohol use and abuse is important. Gonadal dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased libido and impotence in the nonalcoholic drinker and infertility with gonadal atrophy in the alcoholic individual, is one of the more common problems. Data regarding the site or sites and the mechanisms of alcohol-induced gonadal and hypothalamic-pituitary toxicity are often conflicting. This article reviews our current knowledge about the effects of ethanol on male gonadal function. Clinical gonadal failure, characterized by impotence, loss of libido, infertility, and testicular atrophy, is commonly observed in chronic alcoholics with cirrhosis of the liver. In addition, there are signs suggestive of estrogen excess including gynecomastia, cutaneous vascular abnormalities, increased concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin and changes in body hair and fat distribution. Laboratory tests in these individuals reflect multiple alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, as well as changes in the hepatic handling of sex steroids (2–7). Alcoholic men without cirrhosis also show varying degrees of hypogonadism and hyperestrogenism both clinically and chemically (8–11).
Substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide in serotonin‐induced nasal secretions in normal subjects
Authors: P. Tønnesen, O. B. Schaffalitzky de Muckadell
Journal: Allergy (1987)

The aim of this study was to examine if nasal secretions contained substance P and/or vasoactive intestinal peptide. Serotonin nasal challenge was performed in 14 normal subjects 15 min after intranasal pretreatment (double‐blind) with atropine, methysergide, chlorpheniramine or isotonic saline. Serotonin induced a dose dependent increase in secretion ( P &lt; 0.05), and only pretreatment with atropine reduced the secretion ( P &lt; 0.02). Substance P, measured by radioimmunoassay, was found in all of the examined secretions ( n = 100) with a median concentration of 13.7 pmol/1 (range 1.7–125.0). Serotonin challenge increased the concentration or content of substance P in a dose‐related fashion ( P &lt; 0.01). The different pretreatments did not affect the concentration of substance P. Vasoactive intestinal peptide was found in low concentration in 37% of the secretions with a median concentration of 0 pmol/1 (range 0–50.0).
Ankle Edema in Tropical Climes
Authors: Francis X. Schloeder
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Concerning the appearance of ankle  while cruising in tropic seas ( 217 :833, 1971; 218 :99, 1971), Buchan is quite correct in ascribing this to the effects of environmental heat. Tropical edema is probably a universal occurrence on exposure to high environmental heat, although it may not be clinically apparent. Careful studies in residents of the Republic of Panama and the Canal Zone who were free of clinical  documented a greater quantity of losable  than has been reported in dwellers of more temperate climates ( Arch Intern Med  117 :330, 1966). This phenomenon is most pronounced in obese women and least so in lean men. Since this  is due to a sodium-retaining state, simple sodium restriction or increased activity is unlikely to provide a diuresis. It is probably best to simply tolerate this apparently normal physiologic state, but should  become troublesome, the use of
Doctors need accredited information on Lyme borreliosis
Authors: S. Pearson, S. Huyshe-Shires
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is a visuomotor reflex that works in tandem with the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) to stabilize the retinal image during self-motion. OKN requires information about both the direction and speed of retinal image motion. Both components are computed within the retina because they are already encoded in the spike trains of the specific class of retinal output neurons that drives OKN ─ the ON direction-selective ganglion cells (ON DSGCs). The synaptic circuits that shape the directional tuning of ON DSGCs, anchored by starburst amacrine cells, are largely established. By contrast, little is known about the cells and circuits that account for the slow speed preference of ON DSGCs and, thus, of OKN that they drive. A recent study in rabbit retina implicates feedforward glycinergic inhibition as the key suppressor of ON DSGC responses to fast motion. Here, we used serial-section electron microscopy, patch recording, pharmacology, and optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations to probe this circuit in mouse retina. We confirm a central role for feedforward glycinergic inhibition onto ON DSGCs and identify a surprising primary source for this inhibition ─ the VGluT3 amacrine cell (VG3 cell). VG3 cells are retinal interneurons that release both glycine and glutamate, exciting some neurons and inhibiting others. Their role in suppressing the response of ON DSGCs to rapid global motion is surprising. VG3 cells had been thought to provide glutamatergic excitation to ON-DSGCs, not glycinergic inhibition, and because they have strong receptive fields surrounds which might have been expected to render them unresponsive to global motion. In fact, VG3 cells are robustly activated by the sorts of fast global motion that suppress ON DSGCs and weaken optokinetic responses as revealed by dendritic Ca<sup>+2</sup> imaging, since surround suppression is less prominent when probed with moving gratings than with spots. VG3 cells excite many ganglion cell types through their release of glutatmate. We confirmed that for one such type, the ON-OFF DSGCs, VG3 cells <i>enhance</i> the response to fast motion in these cells, just as they <i>suppress</i> it in ON DSGCs. Together, our results assign a novel function to VGluT3 cells in shaping the velocity range over which retinal slip drives compensatory image stabilizing eye movements. In addition, fast speed motion signal from VGluT3 cells is used by ON-OFF DSGCs to extend the speed range over which they respond, and might be used to shape the speed tuning or temporal bandwidth of the responses of other RGCs.
Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, vols 1 &amp; 2
Authors: S. M. Donn
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abnormality in calcium release from skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum of pigs susceptible to malignant hyperthermia.
Authors: T E Nelson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Two fractions of sarcoplasmic reticulum, one light (LSR) and one heavy (HSR), were isolated from gracilis muscle of control and malignant hyperthermia (MH)-susceptible pigs. Part of the gracilis muscle biopsy was used to compare the contracture sensitivity of the muscle to the calcium-releasing effects of caffeine on isolated SR membranes. Gracilis muscle of MH pigs was more sensitive to the contracture-producing effects of caffeine than control pig muscle. The caffeine dose-cumulative contracture response curve for MH muscle was shifted left of that for controls. The amount of caffeine-induced calcium released from SR is a function of the amount of calcium preload and this did not differ between LSR of MH and control muscle. When LSR fractions were optimally loaded with calcium for caffeine-induced calcium release, no difference in calcium-releasing effects of varying caffeine doses was observed between MH and control LSR. At calcium preloads below optimal, the MH-LSR appeared to be more sensitive to caffeine-induced calcium release. The HSR fractions could not be loaded with calcium in a manner similar to the LSR fractions because of an apparent calcium-induced calcium release phenomenon. Therefore, calcium threshold for calcium-induced calcium release was compared between MH and control HSR fraction. The effect of caffeine on the calcium-induced calcium release was also studied. The average calcium concentration threshold for calcium-induced calcium release was markedly lower for MH vs. control HSR; 20 vs. 63 nmol Ca2+/mg, respectively. Caffeine decreased the threshold for calcium-induced calcium release more in the MH than in control HSR. Under all conditions studied, the amount of calcium released did not differ between the two groups. Ruthenium red increased the threshold calcium concentration for calcium-induced calcium release while it reduced the amount of calcium released. Increasing concentrations of Mg2+ increased the Ca2+ threshold for release and the amount of Ca2+ released but did not significantly affect rate of Ca2+ release. Results of the study suggest a defect in the mechanisms causing calcium release from SR in MH-affected muscle.
Glioma, Melatonin, and Radiotherapy
Authors: Didier Wion, François Berger, Nelly Wion-Barbot
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

To the Editor:Accumulative evidence indicates antitumor effects of melatonin in a variety of malignancies (1, 2). Accordingly, Martin et al. have recently reported cell growth inhibition of glioma by melatonin (3). This study is of peculiar interest because melatonin is produced in the brain by the pineal gland. This location of the pineal gland, near the center of the brain, suggests that in addition to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunctions (4), a melatonin deficiency could also occur in some patients following brain radiotherapy (5). Although the consequences of melatonin deficiency on glioma growth remain to be investigated, the report of Martin et al. have important implications for the development of a possible circadian-based cancer therapy of glioma. Moreover, it highlights the importance of determining the pineal status of patients following brain radiotherapy, by measuring, for example, the melatonin metabolite 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in the first morning urine (6). In addition to its relevance in the follow-up of patients, this dosage could help to further elucidate the link between melatonin and glioma growth.
Childhood Asthma and Environmental Exposures at Swimming Pools: State of the Science and Research Recommendations
Authors: Clifford P. Weisel, Susan D. Richardson, Benoit Nemery, Gabriella Aggazzotti, Eugenio Baraldi, Ernest R. Blatchley, Benjamin C. Blount, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Peyton A. Eggleston, Fritz H. Frimmel, Michael Goodman, Gilbert Gordon, Sergey A. Grinshpun, Dirk Heederik, Manolis Kogevinas, Judy S. LaKind, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Fontaine C. Piper, Syed A. Sattar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

ObjectivesRecent studies have explored the potential for swimming pool disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are respiratory irritants, to cause asthma in young children. Here we describe the state of the science on methods for understanding children’s exposure to DBPs and biologics at swimming pools and associations with new-onset childhood asthma and recommend a research agenda to improve our understanding of this issue.Data sourcesA workshop was held in Leuven, Belgium, 21–23 August 2007, to evaluate the literature and to develop a research agenda to better understand children’s exposures in the swimming pool environment and their potential associations with new-onset asthma. Participants, including clinicians, epidemiologists, exposure scientists, pool operations experts, and chemists, reviewed the literature, prepared background summaries, and held extensive discussions on the relevant published studies, knowledge of asthma characterization and exposures at swimming pools, and epidemiologic study designs.SynthesisChildhood swimming and new-onset childhood asthma have clear implications for public health. If attendance at indoor pools increases risk of childhood asthma, then concerns are warranted and action is necessary. If there is no such relationship, these concerns could unnecessarily deter children from indoor swimming and/or compromise water disinfection.ConclusionsCurrent evidence of an association between childhood swimming and new-onset asthma is suggestive but not conclusive. Important data gaps need to be filled, particularly in exposure assessment and characterization of asthma in the very young. Participants recommended that additional evaluations using a multidisciplinary approach are needed to determine whether a clear association exists.
Nifedipine and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: JAY BROWN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1984Nifedipine and Pulmonary HypertensionJAY BROWN, M.D., MARY ROMAN, M.D.JAY BROWN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARY ROMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-2-314_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Rubin and associates (1) on the hemodynamic effects of nifedipine in primary pulmonary hypertension raises the question of how best to assess pulmonary vasodilation in response to drug therapy (2).In eight of the nine patients reported by Rubin and associates, the administration of sublingual nifedipine elicited a decrease in calculated pulmonary resistance. All of these patients had an augmentation in cardiac output. Yet in five of the patients, the pulmonary artery diastolic and mean pressures, as well as the diastolic gradient, remained unchanged. How can resistance to flow across the pulmonary bed be...References1. RUBINPASCALHILLISFIRTH LNDB. Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with nifedipine: a hemodynamic and scintigraphic evaluation. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:433-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. RICHMARTINEZLAMLEVYROSEN SJWPK. Reassessment of the effects of vasodilator drugs in primary pulmonary hypertension: guidelines for determining a pulmonary vasodilator response. Am Heart J. 1983;105:119-27. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HARVEYENSON RY. Pulmonary vascular resistance. In: STOLLERMAN GH, ed. Advances in Internal Medicine. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc.; 1969:73-93. Google Scholar1. RUBINNICODHILLISFIRTH LPLB. Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with nifedipine: a hemodynamic and scintigraphic evaluation. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:433-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. RUBINPETER LR. Hemodynamics at rest and during exercise after oral hydralazine in patients with cor pulmonale. Am J Cardiol. 1981;47:117-22. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. PACKERGREENBERGMASSIEDASH MBBH. Deleterious effects of hydralazine in patients with pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:1326-31. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BUCHWENNEVOLD JA. Hazards of diazoxide in pulmonary hypertension. Br Heart J. 1981;46:401-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York, NY 10037 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1984Volume 100, Issue 2Page: 314-315KeywordsCardiac outputDrug therapyHemodynamicsPulmonary arteriesPulmonary hypertensionVasodilation Issue Published: 1 February 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Real Pro-Life Stance — Health Care Reform and Abortion Funding
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

"Baby killer." The accusation was made during what may have been the most remarkable exchange in the year-long congressional debates over health care reform, late in the evening of March 21, just after the House had passed the Senate's reform bill. House Republicans moved to recommit the bill to the Budget Committee for the sole purpose of adding the Stupak–Pitts antiabortion amendment, whose inclusion had been necessary for the passage of the House's original health care reform bill.1 Only 10 minutes were allotted for the debate over the motion to recommit, and most of this time was given to the . . .
138 Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) efficiently protects the liver against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury
Authors: M. Iniguez, E. Martinez-Anso, N. Beraza, M.L. Martinez-Chantar, P. Fortes, M. Avila, M. Bustos, J. Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Adherence to Antihypertensive Medications and Cardiovascular Morbidity Among Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Giampiero Mazzaglia, Ettore Ambrosioni, Marianna Alacqua, Alessandro Filippi, Emiliano Sessa, Vincenzo Immordino, Claudio Borghi, Ovidio Brignoli, Achille P. Caputi, Claudio Cricelli, Lorenzo G. Mantovani
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Nonadherence to antihypertensive treatment is a common problem in cardiovascular prevention and may influence prognosis. We explored predictors of adherence to antihypertensive treatment and the association of adherence with acute cardiovascular events. Methods and Results— Using data obtained from 400 Italian primary care physicians providing information to the Health Search/Thales Database, we selected 18 806 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients ≥35 years of age during the years 2000 to 2001. Subjects included were newly treated for hypertension and initially free of cardiovascular diseases. Patient adherence was subdivided a priori into 3 categories—high (proportion of days covered, ≥80%), intermediate (proportion of days covered, 40% to 79%), and low (proportion of days covered, ≤40%)—and compared with the long-term occurrence of acute cardiovascular events through the use of multivariable models adjusted for demographic factors, comorbidities, and concomitant drug use. At baseline (ie, 6 months after index diagnosis), 8.1%, 40.5%, and 51.4% of patients were classified as having high, intermediate, and low adherence levels, respectively. Multiple drug treatment (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.43 to 1.83), dyslipidemia (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.87), diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.71), obesity (odds ratio, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.78), and antihypertensive combination therapy (odds ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.45) were significantly ( P &lt;0.001) associated with high adherence to antihypertensive treatment. Compared with their low-adherence counterparts, only high adherers reported a significantly decreased risk of acute cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.96; P =0.032). Conclusions— The long-term reduction of acute cardiovascular events associated with high adherence to antihypertensive treatment underscores its importance in assessments of the beneficial effects of evidence-based therapies in the population. An effort focused on early antihypertensive treatment initiation and adherence is likely to provide major benefits.
Babesiosis in Pregnancy
Authors: Henry M. Feder, Michael Lawlor, Peter J. Krause
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

To the Editor: Six weeks after being bitten by a deer tick, a pregnant 31-year-old woman began to have fever, chills, fatigue, and neck pain. During the fifth day of fever, she became jaundiced and was hospitalized. On physical examination, she was 37 weeks pregnant, febrile (temperature, 39.4°C [103°F]), and slightly jaundiced. There was no rash. Laboratory studies showed a hematocrit of 29 percent, a white-cell count of 5400 per cubic millimeter, a platelet count of 96,000 per cubic millimeter, and total bilirubin concentration of 5.4 mg per deciliter. Babesia microti were present in 2 percent of her erythrocytes ( . . .