tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implementing Nutrition Guidelines in the Critical Care Setting
Authors: Naomi E. Jones, Daren K. Heyland
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Early epidurals increase caesarean rate, meta-analysis shows
Authors: Michael C Klein
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—The study reported by Mayor in her news item uses the term “neuraxial analgesia” and claims that early epidurals do not increase the rate of caesarean deliveries.1 2 This is confusing as the study was not of early epidural analgesia, and the oxytocin augmentation rate of 75% at first analgesia makes for lack of generalisability.

The claim …
Optimal Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Cheol Whan Lee, Jung-Min Ahn, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Seong-Wook Park, Seungbong Han, Sang-Gon Lee, In-Whan Seong, Seung-Woon Rha, Myung-Ho Jeong, Do-Sun Lim, Jung-Han Yoon, Seung-Ho Hur, Yun-Seok Choi, Joo-Young Yang, Nae-Hee Lee, Hyun-Sook Kim, Bong-Ki Lee, Kee-Sik Kim, Seung-Uk Lee, Jei-Keon Chae, Sang-Sig Cheong, Il-woo Suh, Hun-Sik Park, Deuk-Young Nah, Doo-Soo Jeon, Ki-Bae Seung, Keun Lee, Jae-Sik Jang, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Circulation (2013)

The risks and benefits of long-term dual antiplatelet therapy remain unclear.This prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized comparison trial was conducted in 24 clinical centers in Korea. In total, 5045 patients who received drug-eluting stents and were free of major adverse cardiovascular events and major bleeding for at least 12 months after stent placement were enrolled between July 2007 and July 2011. Patients were randomized to receive aspirin alone (n=2514) or clopidogrel plus aspirin (n=2531). The primary end point was a composite of death resulting from cardiac causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke 24 months after randomization. At 24 months, the primary end point occurred in 57 aspirin-alone group patients (2.4%) and 61 dual-therapy group patients (2.6%; hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-1.35; P=0.75). The 2 groups did not differ significantly in terms of the individual risks of death resulting from any cause, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, or stroke. Major bleeding occurred in 24 (1.1%) and 34 (1.4%) of the aspirin-alone group and dual-therapy group patients, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-1.20; P=0.20).Among patients who were on 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy without complications, an additional 24 months of dual antiplatelet therapy versus aspirin alone did not reduce the risk of the composite end point of death from cardiac causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke.http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01186146.
Lest we forgive
Authors: J. P. Leach
Journal: BMJ (1999)

As the century ends, the proliferation in medical literature has made it increasingly easy to become lazy about the quality and source of any data with which we are presented. This struck home as I was browsing through a CD Rom textbook ( Neurobase , Arbor Inc, 1999). While skimming through theories on the aetiology of multiple sclerosis, my mind's wandering was interrupted by a feeling of unease. I returned to the end of the preceding paragraph:

“Humans injected with multiple sclerosis brain extracts are not at an increased risk of multiple sclerosis.”

> We all have a duty to avoid recognising any work that is less than ethically rigorous 

This was an arresting sentence: injection with diseased brain extract? Who could have carried out such a study? Could anyone have given informed consent? The study author was named as Dr Schaltenbrand, and my suspicions about the nature of the work increased when the German title of the book, published in Leipzig in 1943, was translated …
The role of post-transcriptional regulation in chemokine gene expression in inflammation and allergy
Authors: J. Fan, N. M. Heller, M. Gorospe, U. Atasoy, C. Stellato
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

The aim of this review is to discuss recent advances in the understanding of the regulation of chemokine expression occurring during chronic inflammatory conditions, such as allergic diseases. The focus will be on current data, which suggest that post-transcriptional regulation plays a larger role in chemokine gene regulation than previously recognised. In particular, a growing body of data indicates that mechanisms controlling mRNA stability may be relevant in determining, or maintaining, the increased levels of chemokine gene expression in this context. Such regulatory pathways may be important targets of novel anti-inflammatory strategies.
Too Little mTORC1 Activity Injures the Liver
Authors: Robert T. Abraham
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)

Obesity promotes chronic activation of mTORC1 and is a known risk factor for hepatic injury, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. In this issue, Umemura et al. (2014) demonstrate that a persistent reduction in hepatic mTORC1 activity also promotes cell damage and inflammation and sensitizes the liver to cancer development.
Notch signaling regulates expression of Mcl-1 and apoptosis in PPD-treated macrophages
Authors: Tanapat Palaga, Siriluk Ratanabunyong, Thitiporn Pattarakankul, Naunpun Sangphech, Wipawee Wongchana, Yukihiro Hadae, Patipark Kueanjinda
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2013)
Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia resistant to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 has a unique BCR-ABL gene mutation
Authors: Wolf-K. Hofmann, Letetia C. Jones, Nathan A. Lemp, Sven de Vos, Harald Gschaidmeier, Dieter Hoelzer, Oliver G. Ottmann, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Blood (2002)
New Semiquantitative Dipstick Test for Microalbuminuria
Authors: Hans-Jacob Bangstad, Kenneth Try, Knut Dahl-Jørgensen, Kristian F Hanssen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective We compared a new semiquantitative dipstick test for microalbuminuria (Micral-Test) with a quantitative immunoturbidimetric method. Research Design and Methods This correlation study was performed at a pediatric and medical outpatient clinic at a university hospital. Overnight urine samples containing &amp;lt; 200 mg/L albumin from 186 diabetic patients were analyzed. Results The correlation coefficient between the new semiquantitative method and the immunoturbidimetric reference method was 0.82. Elevated albumin concentration was defined as &amp;gt; 20 mg/L albumin in overnight urine, and the prevalence of samples with values above this level was 28%. By this definition, the Micral-Test assay level &amp;gt; or equal to 20 mg/L had a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 82.1%. Of the diabetic subjects, 84.9% were correctly classified as having elevated urinary albumin concentration or not. Conclusions The Micral-Test is useful for in-clinic screening for elevated urinary albumin concentration and monitoring the development of urinary albumin excretion in the low microalbuminuric range.
Integrative action in the fronto-parietal network: A cure for a scattered mind
Authors: Hamid Reza Naghavi, Lars Nyberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract A large body of evidence supports the idea that a common fronto-parietal network is activated across a range of diverse cognitive functions. Jung &amp; Haier's (J&amp;H's) review demonstrates a very similar pattern of activity, which correlates with individual differences in intelligence. We propose that these converging lines of evidence are best interpreted as a general role of the fronto-parietal network in integration and control.
Up-regulation of Hedgehog pathway is associated with cellular permissiveness for hepatitis C virus replication
Authors: Steve S. Choi, Shelton Bradrick, Guan Qiang, Anahita Mostafavi, Gaurav Chaturvedi, Steven A. Weinman, Anna Mae Diehl, Ravi Jhaveri
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Studies of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life-cycle rely heavily on Huh7.5 cells, but the reasons why these cells are exceptionally permissive for HCV replication are not clear. Based on recent clinical observations, we hypothesized that the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which has not been previously associated with HCV replication, may be involved in the Huh7.5 phenotype of increased permissiveness. We tested this hypothesis by comparing levels of a variety of Hh-related cellular markers in Huh7.5 cells with the parental Huh7 cells, which are far less permissive. Here we demonstrate that Huh7.5 cells, when compared with Huh7 cells, have substantially decreased expression of epithelial markers, increased levels of mesenchymal markers, and markedly up-regulated Hh pathway activity: Shh, >100-fold, Gli1, >30-fold, Ptc, 2-fold. In Huh7.5 cells, we found that cyclopamine, an Hh pathway antagonist, reduced HCV RNA levels by 50% compared with vehicle and inactive isomer controls. Moreover, in Huh7 cells treatment with recombinant Shh ligand and SAG, both Hh pathway agonists, stimulated HCV replication by 2-fold and 4-fold, respectively. These effects were observed with both viral infections and a subgenomic replicon. Finally, we demonstrated that GDC-0449 decreased HCV RNA levels in a dose-response manner.We have identified a relationship between HCV and Hh signaling where up-regulated pathway activity during infection promotes an environment conducive to replication. Given that Hh activity is very low in most hepatocytes, these findings may serve to further shift the model of HCV liver infection from modest widespread replication in hepatocytes to one where a subset of cells support high-level replication. These findings also introduce Hh pathway inhibitors as potential anti-HCV therapeutics.
TGF-β signaling in thymic epithelial cells regulates thymic involution and postirradiation reconstitution
Authors: Mathias M. Hauri-Hohl, Saulius Zuklys, Marcel P. Keller, Lukas T. Jeker, Thomas Barthlott, Anne M. Moon, Jürgen Roes, Georg A. Holländer
Journal: Blood (2008)
Electroencephalography (EEG) of Human Sleep: Clinical Applications
Authors: Elliot D. Weitzman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This monograph describes the normative pattern of electroencephalographic and polygraphic physiological recording of normal human nocturnal sleep and represents work carried out in the authors' laboratory during a period of 13 years. The 6,000 recordings of several hundred subjects span the age range from the neonate to more than 70 years. Approximately two thirds of the monograph is composed of tables and figures. The authors emphasize that their studies provide a normative base for the future characterization of sleep disorders and include one chapter that discusses present concepts of disorders of sleep. With the increasing number of sleep disorder clinics in the United States, this monograph is, therefore, timely and is an important contribution to the field. Two aspects of their report represent a particularly significant contribution. The authors find a significant and consistent difference of sleep stage patterns between men and women from puberty through age 70. Women have
Correlation of adenosine deaminase activity with cell surface markers in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: J F Smyth, D G Poplack, B J Holiman, B G Leventhal, G Yarbro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity has been measured in the lymphoblasts of 23 untreated patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and related to the presence or absence of immunologic cell surface markers. The mean ADA activity in the acute lymphoblastic leukemia population as a whole was increased fourfold over that in normal lymphocytes. 9 of the 23 patients were classified as thymus-derived (T-) cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia on the basis of erythrocyte rosette positivity; the remaining 14 patients had null-cell leukemia. The mean ADA activity (ADA U/mg protein) of T-cell lymphoblasts (102 U) was 3 times higher than the mean of null lymphoblasts (30 U). This difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.02). Measurement of ADA activity offers a biochemical method of distinguishing between immunological subtypes of lymphoblasts which may be of prognostic and therapeutic value.
Revising the Declaration of Helsinki
Authors: V. Nathanson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Your chance to influence research governance

In the middle of the 20th century, the Nuremberg trials laid bare the abuse of medical knowledge and techniques used in human experimentation, with perhaps the most famous offender being Joseph Mengele. The outcomes of the trials included the Nuremberg Code—a legal document intended to stop such abuses—and the establishment of the World Medical Association (WMA). Both were intended to ensure that doctors never again performed such inhuman experiments.

Over the next two decades the newly formed WMA began to put together a core set of policies, designed to reflect ethical thinking, to which doctors were expected to conform. The Declaration of Helsinki, published in 1964,1 set out rules and limits for human experimentation based on the findings of the Nuremberg trials and an unshakeable conviction that human experimental subjects have fundamental rights that drive a series of duties for the experimenter. Key to its development and adoption was that it was essentially written by doctors for doctors.

Since then, the declaration has been incorporated into national laws in several countries and has been a touchstone for researchers. It has not remained static; changes have been made on eight occasions. Another revision is now under way, and a draft document is currently open …
Methacholine and Ovalbumin Challenges Assessed by Forced Oscillations and Synchrotron Lung Imaging
Authors: Sam Bayat, Satu Strengell, Liisa Porra, Tibor Z. Janosi, Ferenc Petak, Heikki Suhonen, Pekka Suortti, Zoltan Hantos, Anssi R. A. Sovijärvi, Walid Habre
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: Methacholine (Mch) is routinely used to assess bronchial hyperreactivity; however, little is known about the differences in the lung response pattern between this provocation and that observed with ovalbumin (Ova) after allergic sensitization.Objectives: To compare (1) the central versus peripheral effects of Mch and Ova within the lung by combining measurements of airway and tissue mechanics with synchrotron radiation (SR) imaging, and (2) to assess the extent to which mechanical and imaging parameters are correlated.Methods: We used the low-frequency forced oscillation technique and SR imaging in control (n = 12) and ovalbumin-sensitized (n = 13) rabbits, at baseline, during intravenous Mch infusion (2.5 μg/kg/min, 5.0 μg/kg/min, or 10.0 μg/kg/min), after recovery from Mch, and after intravenous Ova injection (2.0 mg). We compared intravenous Mch challenge with inhaled Mch (125 mg/ml, 90 s) in a separate group of control animals (n = 5).Measurements and Main Results: Airway conductance and tissue elastance were measured by low-frequency forced oscillation technique. The central airway cross-sectional area, the ventilated alveolar area, and the heterogeneity of specific ventilation were quantified by SR imaging. Mch infusion induced constriction predominantly in the central airways, whereas Ova provocation affected mainly the peripheral airways, leading to severe ventilation heterogeneities in sensitized animals. Mch inhalation affected both conducting and peripheral airways. The correlations between airway conductance and central airway cross-sectional area (R = 0.71) and between tissue elastance and ventilated alveolar area (R = −0.72) were strong.Conclusions: The pattern of lung response caused by intravenous Mch and Ova are fundamentally different. Although inhaled Mch induces a heterogeneous lung response similar to that observed with intravenous allergen, these similar patterns are due to different mechanisms.
The therapeutic use of osmotic minipumps in the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A Knedla, B Riepl, S Lefèvre, S Kistella, J Grifka, R H Straub, S Gay, J Schölmerich, U Müller-Ladner, E Neumann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Objectives: The viral gene transfer of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1ra) and interleukin 10 (IL10) into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) has shown protective effects on cartilage destruction in the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model of RA. Nevertheless, side effects of viral transduction are possible and a number of cytokines or cytokine inhibitors are not available encoded in viral vehicles. As the production of viruses coding for bioactive proteins is cost and time intensive, we established an in vivo long-term release model using osmotic minipumps in the SCID mouse model for RA. Methods: Isolated RASFs were cultured for four passages and coimplanted together with human cartilage and an Alzet osmotic miniature pump model 2004, containing 200 μl of IL10 and IL1ra for 40 days in SCID mice. Implants were removed after 40 days and evaluated histologically. The actual rates of IL10 and IL1ra in murine serum were measured by ELISA. Results: Release of IL10 and IL1ra by the pumps was effective as both could be measured in significant amounts in the serum of the mice. IL10 and IL1ra release showed protective effects towards the coimplanted cartilage, similar to the adenovirally IL10/IL1ra-transduced RASFs. The mean (SD) invasion scores for the implants with the osmotic pumps were: invasion 0.7 (0.5), degradation 0.5 (0.3) (all parameters significant vs controls, p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the combination of osmotic pumps with the SCID mouse model for RA can be used as approach for application and evaluation of cartilage-protective molecules. Furthermore, the effect of cartilage-protective cytokines is independent of the type of application.
Epitope-optimization creates highly immunogenic alpha fetoprotein antigen to break immune tolerance and potently activates CD8 T cells to prevents autochthonous hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Hong, Yibing Peng, Sheng Z Guo, Junfeng Pang, Jose Guevara-patino, David H Munn, Nahid Mivechi, David Bartlett, Yukai He
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts In this study, we investigated whether mouse alpha fetoprotein (mAFP), the shared self/tumor antigen of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), could be rationally engineered to create effective vaccine to break tolerance and potently activate CD8 T cells to prevent clinically-relevant
The hOCT1 SNPs M420del and M408V alter imatinib uptake and M420del modifies clinical outcome in imatinib-treated chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Athina Giannoudis, Lihui Wang, Andrea L. Jorgensen, George Xinarianos, Andrea Davies, Sudeep Pushpakom, Triantafilos Liloglou, Jieying-Eunice Zhang, Gemma Austin, Tessa L. Holyoake, Letizia Foroni, Panagiotis D. Kottaridis, Martin C. Müller, Munir Pirmohamed, Richard E. Clark
Journal: Blood (2012)
Full-Text Medical Literature Retrieval by Computer
Authors: Morris F. Collen
Journal: JAMA (1985)

A pilot test of a full-text, medical literature retrieval service demonstrated its capabilities for on-line search and retrieval of references, abstracts, and/or full-text journal articles. During a three-month test period, more than 500 health care professionals conducted 9,377 searches using computer terminals located in seven different health care sites. Searches were initiated for purposes of patient care, medical education, research, or for browsing. The majority of responders to a questionnaire given during the test period said they would continue to use the service during the pilot test, and only about 1% reported the search process difficult to use or not "user-friendly." It is predictable that with a comprehensive data base, full-text medical literature retrieval can be very useful for medical practice, medical education, and research.
Effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular function. Dissociation of changes in filling volume and in contractile state.
Authors: J V Nixon, J H Mitchell, J J McPhaul, W L Henrich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Prior studies of the effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular function have not distinguished between the removal of uremic toxins and the change in cardiac filling volume. To separate these effects, left ventricular function was examined by serial echocardiography in five stable hemodialysis patients before and after three different dialysis procedures: (a) hemodialysis with volume Loss, (b) ultrafiltration (volume loss only), and (c) hemodialysis without volume loss. The patients were similarly studied under control conditions and after increased (5 degrees of head-down tilt for 90 min) and decreased (lower body negative pressure) cardiac filling volume. After hemodialysis with volume loss, end-diastolic volume (EDV) decreased from 167 to 128 ml (P less than 0.001) and end-systolic volume (ESV) decreased from 97 to 51 ml (P less than 0.001) without a change in stroke volume (SV). Ejection fraction increased from 42 to 52% (P less than 0.001) and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF) increased from 0.61 to 1.04 circumferences (circ)/s (P less than 0.001). After ultrafiltration, EDV decreased from 167 ml to 124 ml (P less than 0.001) and SV from 73 ml to 39 ml (P less than 0.001), without significant changes in ESV or VCF. In contrast to the maneuvers in which volume loss occurred, after hemodialysis without volume loss ESV decreased from 95 to 66 ml (P less than 0.001) and SV increased from 74 ml to 97 ml (P less than 0.001) without changes in EDV. EF increased from 44 to 59% (P less than 0.001) and VCF increased from 0.64 to 1.26 circ/s (P less than 0.001). Ventricular function curves plotted from data obtained under conditions of altered cardiac filling volume before and after the three dialysis maneuvers demonstrate that ultrafiltration produced a pure Frank-Starling effect, while hemodialysis with or without volume loss produced a shift in the ventricular function curves, which demonstrated an increase in the contractile state of the left ventricle. The changes in left ventricular function produced by regular hemodialysis are the combined effects of a decrease in EDV and an increase in the contractile state of the left ventricle.
957 SERUM 1,5-ANHYDROGLUCITOL LEVELS INVERSELY CORRELATE WITH THE FIBROSIS STAGE IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: M. Nonaka, S. Tazuma, H. Hyogo, K. Kanno, M. Inoue, Y. Nabeshima, K. Iwamoto, T. Ishitobi, K. Chayama
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)