tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical messages on television. Grapevine effect.
Authors: J C Stinson, T O'Connell, R Chan, J Feely
Journal: BMJ (1993)

including community homes and day centres run by the social services, Mencap, and other volun- tary and private bodies.The NHS still has an important role and respon- sibility in dealing with people with learning dis- abilities, and community care does not mean non-NHS facilities.The NHS provides the best community care for such people who have health care needs.The health districts that ignore, undermine, or marginalise the appropriate NHS facilities for people with learning disabilities will jeopardise the health care needs of a group who are unable to defend themselves and do not understand politics or dogma.
TCT-840 Gender Specific Analysis Of The Randomized ISAR-CLOSURE Trial: The Comparison of Vascular Closure Devices Versus Manual Compression After Femoral Artery Puncture
Authors: Sandra Helde, Senta Gewalt, Tareq Ibrahim, Roland Schmidt, Andreas Stein, Katharina Haas, Philipp Groha, Ilka Ott, Robert Byrne, Tanja Morath, Sebastian Kufner, Salvatore Cassese, Petra Hoppmann, Massimiliano Fusaro, Julinda Mehilli, Heribert Schunkert, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Adnan Kastrati, Stefanie Schulz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cyclic ADP-ribose as a second messenger revisited from a new aspect of signal transduction from receptors to ADP-ribosyl cyclase
Authors: Haruhiro Higashida, Minako Hashii, Shigeru Yokoyama, Naoto Hoshi, Xiao-Lian Chen, Alla Egorova, Mami Noda, Jia-Sheng Zhang
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2001)
Differences in the lipid constituents of sebum from pre-pubertal and pubertal subjects
Authors: GAIL SANSONE-BAZZANO, BADRYEH CUMMINGS, ALLEN K. SEELER, RONALD M. REISNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Significant differences have been reported in the composition of skin surface lipid in pre-pubertal subjects when compared to pubertal subjects. Analytical studies were performed to determine whether group mean changes in the fatty acid composition of the triglyceride and wax ester fractions of sebum could be detected in pre-pubertal versus pubertal subjects. Twenty males (ages 6-9), twenty females (ages 6-9) and twelve teenagers (ages 11-16) were studied. Skin surface lipid was examined by densitometry and gas chromatography. There were significant changes in the fatty acid composition of the wax fraction of sebum in the 11-16-year-old children when compared to the 6-9-year-old group. As wax is of sebaceous gland origin, this may represent a change in sebum composition probably in response to the hormonal stimulus. Changes in the fatty acid fraction of triglycerides were also noted with age, but this may be due to the change in source of triglyceride from predominantly epidermal origin to sebaceous gland origin.
Influence of Dialysable Transfer Factor on IgE Concentrations in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Reinhart Jarisch, Martha Eibl, Istvan Sandor, Angelika Boltz
Journal: Allergy (1981)

Dialysable transfer factor (TF) was given in 10 paediatric patients with severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Ten patients with AD, matched for age and severity of disease, served as controls. Prior to the therapy with TF and at weekly intervals thereafter, T‐ and B‐cells in the blood, PHA‐stimulation, total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to inhalant and food antigens were determined. Therapy with TF was followed by IgE depression in 8/10 patients and was most pronounced in three patients with initially high levels. Some decrease of IgE levels was seen in four controls also, none of them, however, fell to normal levels as was seen in two of the treated patients. Specific IgE levels decreased slightly, but always remained within the pathological range. T‐cell counts in the blood increased in 2/10 cases as well as PHA‐stimulation. B‐cell counts remained within normal limits. Clinical improvement was seen in one patient, five improved slightly and four remained unchanged. Our results indicate, that transfer factor can lower total IgE levels in cases with atopic dermatis. The effect is most marked in patients with high total IgE levels. Skin involvement, however, does not closely follow in vitro findings.
The absence of macrophage Nrf2 promotes early atherogenesis
Authors: Anna-Kaisa Ruotsalainen, Matias Inkala, Mervi E. Partanen, Jari P. Lappalainen, Emilia Kansanen, Petri I. Mäkinen, Suvi E. Heinonen, Heidi M. Laitinen, Janne Heikkilä, Tero Vatanen, Sohvi Hörkkö, Masayuki Yamamoto, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Matti Jauhiainen, Anna-Liisa Levonen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

AimsThe loss of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown to protect against atherogenesis in apoE-deficient mice. The mechanism by which Nrf2 deficiency affords atheroprotection in this model is currently unknown, but combined systemic and local vascular effects on lesion macrophages have been proposed. We investigated the effect of bone marrow-specific loss of Nrf2 on early atherogenesis in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient (LDLR−/−) mice, and assessed the effect of Nrf2 on cellular accumulation of modified LDLs and the expression of inflammatory markers in macrophages.
Continuing Education Courses for Physicians
Authors: C. H. William Ruhe
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This is the eighth annual listing of courses in continuing medical education in the United States and covers the period from Sept. 1, 1962, through Aug. 31, 1963. <h3>Purpose of the List</h3> The list is presented as a service to practicing physicians everywhere and to organizations which sponsor continuing education programs. It is the opinion of the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals that the single, annual listing, covering all courses to be offered during the year, is the most useful way in which to publish information about continuing medical education. This enables the physician to survey the entire field of available offerings and to plan his personal program of continuing education thoughtfully and systematically for a year in advance. The single list is also readily reprinted and assembled in brochure form for wide distribution to institutions and individual physicians; over 1,500 of these brochures were distributed during the past
The internalization of physical constraints from a developmental perspective
Authors: Horst Krist
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Shepard's internalization concept is defended against Hecht's criticisms. By ignoring both Shepard's evolutionary perspective and the fact that internalization does not preclude modularization, Hecht advances inconclusive evidence. Developmental research supports Shepard's conclusion that kinematic geometry may be more deeply internalized than physical dynamics. This research also suggests that the internalization concept should be broadened to include representations acquired during ontogeny. [Hecht; Shepard]
Doctors' views will be sought on direction of new IT strategy
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Department of Health for England wants doctors to be more active in determining how information technology is used in the NHS in the future.

Later this year the department is due to publish its long awaited information strategy setting out the direction for use of IT and informatics in the NHS for the next 5-10 years. Its previous strategy to computerise the NHS, the £12bn (€14.5bn; $18.5bn) national programme for IT, was beset with problems and in large parts abandoned ( BMJ 2011;343:d6125, doi:10.1136/bmj.d6125).

This new strategy is …
Failure of Splenectomy in Felty's Syndrome
Authors: Gerald L. Logue, Andrew T. Huang, David S. Shimm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

AUTOANTIBODIES may damage human cells through a variety of mechanisms, including complement activation and IgG-dependent phagocytosis.1 Antibodies can also cause lysis of cells by lymphocytes. This lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity depends on IgG antibody and a non-T, non-B, non-"natural-killer" lymphocyte, 2 , 3 and it has been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic liver disease, 4 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 5 and the rejection of renal allografts6 , 7 and tumors.8 , 9 In a previous study, we found that antibodies from some patients with immune neutropenia cause lysis of granulocytes by lymphocytes (antibody-dependent, lymphocyte-mediated granulocytotoxicity or ADLG).10 We studied 16 patients with Felty's syndrome treated with splenectomy, six of whom had no . . .
Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration for the Diagnosis of Intrapulmonary Lesions
Authors: Takahiro Nakajima, Kazuhiro Yasufuku, Taiki Fujiwara, Masako Chiyo, Yasuo Sekine, Kiyoshi Shibuya, Kenzo Hiroshima, Ichiro Yoshino
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Medicine and the Public Health
Authors: A. S. MacNalty
Journal: BMJ (1948)

human life-rather than those which resemble or are inherent to it."The chronic diseases and the degenerative pro- cesses -which cripple and disable in the latter phases of life, and the uncontrollable activity of the malignant cell, are *as yet not comprehended, much less controlled.The problems of medicine are indeed almost unfathom- able, and these veiy facts are part of the fascination of medical life.In effect, we know relatively little, and one sometimes wonders whether the public would put such -trust in us if they properly realized our limitations.Wehave not yet begun to fathom the secret of vitality-that property which gives even to the smallest and simplest cell the power to accomplish, in a brief moment, chemical reactions which years of labour in a laboratory cannot re- produce.Think of the bacteria, in which, as Mudd (1948) has said, " the structure so far revealed, even with the electron microscope, is so much simpler than the remarkable synthetic capacities of micro-organisms would seem to require.The bacterial cell, when furnished with nothing more than water, salts, glucose, and simple sources of carbon, and nitrogen, can synthetize proteins, complex carbohydrates, lipids, ribose, nucleic acid, growth accessories, and enzymes, all organized in a characteristic and reproducible protoplasmic system.The bacterial cell can reproduce itself and divide within half an hour at body temperature.These feats of chemical synthesis and organization, which cannot be duplicated by the finest chemical laboratories, are accomplished within a cell a few microns in length and less than a micron in diameter.The plain facts would be fantastic were they not so familiar."With this sobering thought in mind, and with the
C2-02: Factors effecting risk of pneumothorax (PNX) in CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of lung lesions: results of 708 consecutive procedures
Authors: Adriano M. Priola, Silvia Novello, Sandro M. Priola, Marina Longo, Aldo Cataldi, Luca Errico, Giorgio Garofalo, Matteo Giaj Levra, Giorgio V. Scagliotti, Cesare Fava
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia with Gastric Infiltration
Authors: John A. Cavins, Hugh S. Levin, H. James Day
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

INVOLVEMENT of the stomach by malignant lymphoma was first observed by Briquet1 in 1838. Since that time, a substantial number of cases have been reported in the medical literature. Lymphomatous invasion of the stomach occurs most frequently in Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma and chronic lymphatic leukemia. Gastric infiltration in chronic myelogenous leukemia is rare. Symptoms arising from gastric lesions are often minimal or overshadowed by other manifestations of the disease. They are rarely the presenting complaints.This paper concerns a patient who sought medical advice because of gastric symptoms. Clinical and x-ray evidence supported a diagnosis of carcinoma of the stomach. . . .
MAST CELL SENSITIZING ANTIBODIES IN EXPERIMENTAL CANDIDIASIS
Authors: E. SEGAL, N. VARDINON, J. SCHWARTZ, E. EYLAN
Journal: Allergy (1974)

Inoculation into foot-pads of guinea-pigs of a living suspension of Candida albicans together with Complete Freund's Adjuvant, provoked a hypersensitive state, characterized by: 1) positive skin tests; 2) direct degranulation of peritoneal mast cells when exposed in vitro to the antigen; and 3) homologous "mast cell sensitizing antibodies" detected by the "indirect mast cell degranulation test". The mast cell sensitizing antibodies were heat labile, and their activity could not be restored by complement.
Urea transport in the proximal tubule and the descending limb of Henle
Authors: Juha P. Kokko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Urea transport in proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and descending limb of Henle (DLH) was studied in perfused segments of rabbit nephrons in vitro. Active transport of urea was ruled out in a series of experiments in which net transport of fluid was zero. Under these conditions the collected urea concentration neither increased nor decreased when compared to the mean urea concentration in the perfusion fluid and the bath. Permeability coefficient for urea (P(urea)) was calculated from the disappearance of urea-(14)C added to perfusion fluid. Measurements were obtained under conditions of zero net fluid movement: DLH was perfused with isosmolal ultrafiltrate (UF) of the same rabbit serum as the bath, while PCT was perfused with equilibrium solution (UF diluted with raffinose solution for fluid [Na] = 127 mEq/liter). Under these conditions P(urea) per unit length was 3.3+/-0.4 x 10(-7) cm(2)/sec (5.3+/-0.6 x 10(-5) cm/sec assuming I.D. = 20mu) in PCT and 0.93+/-0.4 x 10(-7) cm(2)/sec (1.5+/-0.5 x 10(-5) cm/sec) in DLH. When compared to previously published results, these values show that the PCT is 2.5 times less permeable to urea than to Na, while the DLH is as impermeable to urea as to Na. These results further indicate that the DLH is less permeable to both Na and urea than the PCT. The reflection coefficient for urea, sigma(urea), was calculated as the ratio of induced solution efflux when 95 mOsm/liter of urea was added to the bath, as compared to net fluid movement induced by addition to the bath of equivalent amount of raffinose, sigma(urea) in DLH is 0.95+/-0.4 as compared to 0.91+/-0.05 in PCT. sigma(urea) in DLH is approximately equal to sigma(Na); however, sigma(urea) in PCT is higher than sigma(Na) (0.68). Several types of studies were conducted to examine the role of urea and urea plus sodium chloride in concentrating the fluid in the DLH. From the obtained results it was concluded that the intraluminal fluid of DLH is primarily concentrated by abstraction of water without significant net entry of solute. These results are discussed with respect to possible significance in the overall operation of the countercurrent system.
Histopathological changes in the human posterior cruciate ligament during aging and osteoarthritis: correlations with anterior cruciate ligament and cartilage changes
Authors: Yadin D Levy, Akihiko Hasegawa, Shantanu Patil, James A Koziol, Martin K Lotz, Darryl D D'Lima
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the histological patterns of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) degeneration during aging and in relation to changes in articular cartilage and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) across the entire adult age spectrum. <h3>Methods</h3> Human knee joints (n=120 from 65 donors) were processed within 72 h of postmortem. Articular cartilage surfaces were graded macroscopically. Each PCL was histologically evaluated for inflammation, mucinous changes, chondroid metaplasia, cystic changes and orientation of collagen fibres. The severity of PCL degeneration was classified as normal, mild, moderate or severe. PCL scores were compared to ACL and cartilage scores from the same knees. <h3>Results</h3> All knees had intact PCL. Histologically, 6% were normal, 76% showed mild, 12% moderate and 9% severe degeneration. Fibre disorientation was the most prevalent and severe change. Histological grades of PCL and ACL correlated, but significantly fewer PCL than ACL showed severe changes. There was a weaker correlation between aging and total histological PCL scores (R=0.26) compared to aging and ACL scores (R=0.42). ACL scores correlated with cartilage scores (R=0.54) while PCL scores increased with the severity of osteoarthritis from grades 0 to III but not between osteoarthritis grades III–IV (R=0.32). In knees with ruptured ACL, the PCL scores correlated with cartilage scores of the lateral compartment. <h3>Conclusions</h3> PCL histopathological changes were less severe than in the ACL. PCL degeneration was associated with ACL and cartilage damage. The lack of correlation with age indicates independent pathways for PCL versus ACL degeneration.
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: survival is influenced by the underlying cause
Authors: Hilario Nunes, Kirsten Schubel, Diane Piver, Eline Magois, Séverine Feuillet, Yurdagul Uzunhan, Zohra Carton, Abdellatif Tazi, Pierre Levy, Pierre-Yves Brillet, Andrew G. Nicholson, Marianne Kambouchner, Dominique Valeyre
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Idiopathic, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is most often associated with various clinical disorders, including connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP). Emerging evidence also suggests that "idiopathic" NSIP may be the lung manifestation of undifferentiated CTD (UCTD). However, whether or not NSIP outcome is influenced by the underlying cause remains uncertain. This retrospective study included 127 biopsy-proven NSIP patients (65 women, mean ± sd age 55 ± 12 years). Survivals were estimated using a Kaplan-Meier curve and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate analyses were based on a Cox model. 15 (11.8%) patients had cHP, 29 (22.8%) had CTD, 32 (25.2%) satisfied the Kinder criteria for UCTD and 51 (40.1%) had idiopathic NSIP. At the end of follow-up (mean ± sd 64 ± 54 months), a difference in survival was observed between aetiological groups (p=0.002). Survival was better for UCTD than for idiopathic NSIP (p=0.020) and similar to that observed for CTD. cHP survival tended to be poorer than that of idiopathic NSIP (p=0.087) and was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 2.17, 95% CI 1.05-4.47; p=0.035). NSIP outcome is influenced by its cause. cHP exhibits the highest mortality. UCTD does not differ from CTD supporting the concept of autoimmune NSIP, with a prognosis that is better than that of idiopathic NSIP.
Polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzofurans and quaterphenyls in toxic rice-bran oil and in the blood and tissues of patients with PCB poisoning (Yu-Cheng) in Taiwan.
Authors: P H Chen, C K Wong, C Rappe, M Nygren
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

A mass outbreak of poisoning occurred in central Taiwan in 1979 due to the ingestion of rice-bran oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and quaterphenyls (PCQs). The incident was called PCB poisoning or Yu-Cheng in Taiwan. The major PCB and PCDF congeners in the toxic oil and in the blood and tissues of the poisoned patients were characterized by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using highly efficient glass capillary columns. The levels of toxic agents in the rice oil samples collected from the factory and school cafeterias and the families of the poisoned patients are in the range of 53 to 99 ppm, 0.18 to 0.40 ppm and 25 to 53 ppm for PCBs, PCDFs, and PCQs, respectively. The blood samples of 165 patients collected 9 to 18 months after the onset of poisoning contained 10 to 720 ppb of PCBs, with a mean value of 38 ppb. The blood samples of 10 patients collected 9 to 27 months after poisoning contained 0.02 to 0.20 ppb of PCDFs. Comparative rates of elimination of some PCB congeners from the blood of patients were studied. Various tissues from a patient who died 2 years after poisoning were analyzed for PCBs, PCDFs and PCQs. The intestinal fat contains the highest level of PCBs, while the liver contains the highest concentration of PCDFs. The PCB congeners retained in the tissues either do not have adjacent unsubstituted carbon atoms or have a pair at ortho-meta positions of the biphenyl ring. The major PCDF congeners retained in the tissues were 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachloro-DF, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachloro-DF and 1,2,4,7,8-pentachloro-DF. The former two congeners, especially 2,3,4,7,8-pentachloro-DF, are very toxic PCDFs; they may play important roles in the etiology of Yu-Cheng.
Association Between Frequency of Atrial and Ventricular Ectopic Beats and Biventricular Pacing Percentage and Outcomes in Patients With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Martin H. Ruwald, Suneet Mittal, Anne-Christine Ruwald, Mehmet K. Aktas, James P. Daubert, Scott McNitt, Amin Al-ahmad, Christian Jons, Valentina Kutyifa, Jonathan S. Steinberg, Paul Wang, Arthur J. Moss, Wojciech Zareba
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Chemokines, Soluble Receptors and Mediators of Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells and Atopic Sensitization at 2 Years of Age in At Risk Infants Participating in a Probiotic Supplementation Clinical Trial
Authors: P. Quah, C. Huang, P. Shek, M. Aw, K. Chua, B. Lee, I. Kuo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
The Present Status of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting
Authors: Jean K. Weston
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The communication in this issue (p 31) by Marcus M. Reidenberg, MD, reporting the results of the Greater Philadelphia Adverse Reaction Reporting Registry study, is interesting and important, especially if viewed against the published and unpublished adverse reaction data now available. The study involved five Philadelphia medical school hospitals. It was carried out under the most excellent cooperative circumstances, meshing with the programs of the Food and Drug Administration and the American Medical Association. At the same time, the study was under the auspices of a totally independent group and was carefully guided and supervised by major faculty members of each of the medical schools. An investigation such as this is likely to produce meaningful data on adverse drug reactions occurring in those hospitals over that two-year period. What, indeed, did the study show? Among other things, and of first importance, the overall incidence of adverse reactions in all hospitalized
Separation of anxiety and depressive disorders: blind alley in psychopharmacology and classification of disease
Authors: E. Shorter
Journal: BMJ (2003)

No new drugs for mood and anxiety disorders have reached the market for over a decade. Why is there so little innovation in a sector that accounts for the largest proportion by far of sales of psychiatric drugs? The current division between anxiety and depression is increasingly recognised as inadequate. In the community, most mood disorders present as a combination of depression and anxiety. Yet the Food and Drug Administration in the United States, which has become the world bellwether of drug approval, indicates drugs either for major depression or for the various forms of anxiety recognised by the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). As a result, the pharmaceutical industry is compelled to develop drugs for diagnoses that are of questionable clinical relevance. This is one reason for the big slowdown in drug discovery in psychiatric drugs. A return to the former unitary classification of mood and anxiety disorders as nervousness or cothymia might represent a way out of this blind alley. In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association revised its standard system of diagnoses in the third edition of its diagnostic manual (DSM-III).1 This document erected a firewall between depression and anxiety. Indeed, in drafting this edition the association appointed separate committees to study depression and anxiety and stated that any overlap between the two disorders would henceforth be considered mainly as comorbidity. Although this division was controversial at the time, DSM-III became the accepted psychiatric nosology worldwide, and its successors dominate the picture today.2 Recent observers, however, suggest that