tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Uncertainty at the Intersection of Advancing Technology, Evidence-Based Medicine, and Health Care Policy
Authors: Andrew J. Schoenfeld, Mitchel B. Harris, Matthew Davis
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Response of a phagocyte cell system to products of macrophage breakdown as a probable mechanism of alveolar phagocytosis adaptation to deposition of particles of different cytotoxicity.
Authors: L I Privalova, B A Katsnelson, A B Osipenko, B N Yushkov, L G Babushkina
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The adaptation of the alveolar phagocytosis response to the quantitative and qualitative features of dust deposited during inhalation consists not only in enhanced recruitment of alveolar macrophages (AM), but also in adding a more or less pronounced neutrophil leukocyte (NL) recruitment as an auxiliary participant of particle clearance. The NL contribution to clearance is especially typical for response to cytotoxic particles (quartz, in particular). An important feature of the adaptation considered is the limitation of the number of AM and NL recruited when an efficient clearance can be achieved by a lesser number of cells due to increased AM reistance to the damaging actin of phagocytized particles. The main mechanism providing the adequacy of the alveolar phagocytosis response is its self-regulation thrugh the products of macrophage breakdown (PMB). In a series of experiments with intraperitoneal and intratracheal injections of syngenetic PMB into rats and mice, it was shown that these products stimulate respiration and migration of phagocytic cells, their dose-dependent attraction to the site of PMB formation with the predominant NL contribution, increasing with the increase of amount of PMB, the AM and NL precursor cells recruitment from reserve pools, and the replenishment of these reserves in the process of hemopoiesis. At least some of the above effects are connected with the action of the lipid components of PMB. The action of specialized regulative systems of the organism can modify the response to PMB, judging by the results obtained by hydrocortisone injection. Autocontrol of alveolar phagocytosis requires great care in attempts at artificial stimulation of this process, as an excessive cell recruitment may promote the retention of particles in lungs.
Mrs. Beeton, Medical Adviser
Authors: Orville T. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1971)

First published in 1861, Mrs. Isabella Beeton's<i>Book of Household Management</i>immediately established itself as the arbiter of all phases of home life in Victorian Britain. Many times revised in accordance with changes in social structure and attitudes, it has sold over 3 million copies to the present time. The most recent printing appeared in 1969. The early editions, and particularly the first, are prime sources for social historians of 19th-century Britain but are virtually unobtainable because their use has left nearly all copies in tatters. For this reason, the recently issued facsimile edition (Fig 1) is most welcome. The inquiring physician who wishes to know how the state of medicine in Victorian Britain affected daily life can have few better sources of information than this book. He will find sections dealing with home medicines and explanations of common diseases written by "an experienced surgeon," though the uniformity of style
Evaluation of Urinary 8-Hydroxydeoxy-Guanosine as a Novel Biomarker of Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Takeshi Nishikawa, Takayuki Sasahara, Shinsuke Kiritoshi, Kazuhiro Sonoda, Takahumi Senokuchi, Tomoko Matsuo, Daisuke Kukidome, Nakayasu Wake, Takeshi Matsumura, Nobuhiro Miyamura, Michiharu Sakakida, Hideki Kishikawa, Eiichi Araki
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a marker for the progression of diabetic macroangiopathic complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The content of urinary 8-OHdG, common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk score, the severity of diabetic retinopathy, and urinary albumin excretion were examined in 96 patients with type 2 diabetes, including 32 patients who had been nominated for the Kumamoto Study [Shichiri M, et al. Diabetes Care 23 (Suppl 2):B21–B29, 2000]. In addition, the patients from the Kumamoto Study were further evaluated regarding the effect of intensive insulin therapy on urinary 8-OHdG excretion. RESULTS—The urinary 8-OHdG:creatinine ratio (U8-OHdG) was 2.5-fold higher in patients with increased HbA1c than in those with normal HbA1c (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In addition, U8-OHdG was 2.3-fold higher in patients with increased IMT (P &amp;lt; 0.005). A similar result was observed between U8-OHdG and CHD risk score (P &amp;lt; 0.01). U8-OHdG was significantly higher in patients with simple retinopathy (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and those with advanced retinopathy (P &amp;lt; 0.01) than in patients without retinopathy. Similarly, U8-OHdG was significantly higher in patients with albuminuria (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Furthermore, in the Kumamoto Study, U8-OHdG was significantly lower in the multiple insulin injection therapy group compared with the conventional insulin injection therapy group (P &amp;lt; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS—Hyperglycemia independently increases 8-OHdG in patients with type 2 diabetes. 8-OHdG is a useful biomarker of not only microvascular but also macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
We must not deprive dying people of the most important protection
Authors: R. George
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A response to Ray Tallis

Legalising medical treatment intended to end life is a momentous step: it alters the very nature of medicine at a stroke. The compelling logic is that once a doctor is mandated to end a life in that person’s best interest, then anyone, as equal before the law, is entitled to make the case for a death, on the basis of notions of best interest, suffering, or a worthwhile life.

In his recent article supporting Charles Falconer’s Assisted Dying Bill, Ray Tallis correctly argued that the chief areas for debate were the position of “assisted dying” in the spectrum of possible lethal interventions, the involvement of doctors, and safeguards against misuse or well intentioned error, but his conclusions were wrong.1

Tallis may remember from clinical practice that individual prognostication, even in diseases such as cancer, is at best an estimate. Uncertainty continues even to the last days of life.2 I well recall my dementing father, and currently my mother, being “on the brink of dying” for years. When death came, the clinical indices were no different from the countless “dry runs.”3 Complex studies of comorbidities indicate that survival relates as much to toughness as anything.4 As Tallis said, in US states such as Oregon mentally competent adults …
T Cell Receptor Stimulation-Induced Epigenetic Changes and Foxp3 Expression Are Independent and Complementary Events Required for Treg Cell Development
Authors: Naganari Ohkura, Masahide Hamaguchi, Hiromasa Morikawa, Kyoko Sugimura, Atsushi Tanaka, Yoshinaga Ito, Motonao Osaki, Yoshiaki Tanaka, Riu Yamashita, Naoko Nakano, Jochen Huehn, Hans Joerg Fehling, Tim Sparwasser, Kenta Nakai, Shimon Sakaguchi
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Increased Activity on In-111 Octreotide Imaging Due to Radiation Fibrosis
Authors: Leo Ha, Robert Mansberg, Diep Nguyen, Chuong Bui
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Indium-111 octreotide scintigraphy is a useful investigation in the diagnosis and staging neuroendocrine or nonendocrine malignancies such as carcinoid, granulomas, small cell lung cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and others. Tumors with large numbers of somatostatin receptors can be accurately imaged and this can be useful in guiding treatment. Although uncommon, false-positives studies have been reported and often the cause is unexplained but assumed to be a high number of somatostatin receptors in other pathology. We present a case with increased uptake resulting in a scan due to pulmonary fibrosis.
Preventing and Detecting Antibodies to Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Agents
Authors: Kristina Callis Duffin
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
IMPACT OF ST SEGMENT RE-ELEVATION AT REPERFUSION ON MICROVASCULAR OBSTRUCTION AND LEFT VENTRICULAR DILATATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Atsushi Yamamuro, Shuichiro Kaji, Makoto Kinoshita, Natsuhiko Ehara, Takeshi Kitai, Kitae Kim, Tomoko Tani, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Antibodies to HTLV-I in Japanese Immigrants in Brazil
Authors: Takao Kitagawa
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia, is endemic in southern Japan, 1 the Caribbean islands, 2 and parts of Africa. 3 The prevalence of antibodies to HTLV-I is highest in Okinawa, Japan, where up to 31% of adults are seropositive in some regions. 4 Moreover, a high seroprevalence rate has been found in Japanese immigrants from Okinawa and their offspring in Hawaii. 5 This prompted us to look at the antibody prevalence in a similar immigrant population in Brazil.  Methods.—  Serum samples were collected from 46 Japanese immigrants (issei) from Okinawa and 50 offspring (nisei) of immigrants from Okinawa in Campo Grande, Brazil. They ranged in age from 29 to 84 years (mean, 66 years) for the issei (28 men, 18 women) and from 21 to 59 years (mean, 36 years) for the nisei (38 men, 12 women). The
Cancer in the Young
Authors: Beatrice C. Lampkin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review of the biology, epidemiology, and treatment of cancer in children and adolescents, with more than 42 contributing authors who are mostly senior investigators at the National Cancer Institute. The introduction by the editor is helpful and sets the tone of the book. Each chapter has an excellent bibliography. Part 1 deals with the biologic background and consists of four chapters. The first chapter is on the epidemiology of cancer and the second is on ecogenetic origins of cancer. The introduction of the term "ecogenetic" emphasizes the concept of interplay of environmental and genetic factors in childhood cancer. The chapter on the interrelationship between cancer and immunodeficiency is interesting and timely. The fourth chapter on cell kinetics is comprehensive, but some of the principles would be difficult to understand without a background in the area. Part 2, "Evaluation of the Host and His Tumor,"
Development and Characterization of a Rapid Assay for Bedside Determinations of Cardiac Troponin T
Authors: Margit Müller-Bardorff, Helmut Freitag, Thomas Scheffold, Andrew Remppis, Wolfgang Kübler, Hugo A. Katus
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The appearance of cardiac proteins in blood is the most specific and sensitive indicator of acute myocardial cell necrosis. The measurement of cardiac markers, however, is time consuming and requires sophisticated equipment. To facilitate the biochemical detection for acute myocardial cell necrosis, a whole-blood rapid assay device for cardiac troponin T detection was developed that provides a test result within 20 minutes. Methods and Results Monoclonal antibody M7 is labeled with gold particles, and antibody 1B10 is labeled with biotin. Both antibodies, as well as buffer substances and detergents, are adsorbed onto paper fleeces mounted below an application well. Heparinized blood (160 μL) applied to this well solubilizes the dry chemistry reagents. Blood cells are separated from plasma via a glass-fiber fleece. The immunocomplexes formed are concentrated within the reading zone by binding of the biotin-labeled antibody with streptavidine immobilized to the test device. Troponin T bound to the test device serves as a control. The detection limit of this assay is 0.18 μg/L with a cross-reactivity with skeletal troponin T of 0.5%. In clinical analyses involving 25 healthy volunteers, 62 patients with chest pain but without myocardial ischemia, 35 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 24 patients with minor myocardial cell damage due to radiofrequency ablation, and 35 patients with unstable angina, the rapid assay was comparable to the troponin T enzyme immunoassay in regard to sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions This newly developed assay allows accurate, rapid, and convenient diagnosis of acute myocardial cell necrosis.
Prior Statin Therapy Is Associated With a Decreased Rate of Severe Sepsis
Authors: Yaniv Almog, Alexander Shefer, Victor Novack, Nimrod Maimon, Leonid Barski, Miruna Eizinger, Michael Friger, Lior Zeller, Abraham Danon
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Statins have anti-inflammatory properties that are independent of their lipid-lowering abilities. We hypothesized that statin therapy before the onset of an acute bacterial infection may have a protective effect against severe sepsis. The aim of this study was to determine whether patients treated with statins develop severe sepsis less frequently.In this prospective observational cohort study, consecutive patients admitted with presumed or documented acute bacterial infection were enrolled. The primary outcomes were the rate of severe sepsis and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Of the 361 patients enrolled, 82 (22.7%) were treated with statins before their admission. Both groups had a similar severity of illness on admission. Severe sepsis developed in 19% of patients in the no-statin group and in only 2.4% of the statin group (P<0.001). Statin treatment was associated with a relative risk of developing severe sepsis of 0.13 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.52) and an absolute risk reduction of 16.6%. The overall ICU admission rate was 10.2% (37/361): 12.2% of the no-statin group required ICU admission, whereas in the statin group only 3.7% were admitted to the ICU (P=0.025), reflecting a relative risk of ICU admission of 0.30 (95% CI, 0.1 to 0.95).Prior therapy with statins may be associated with a reduced rate of severe sepsis and ICU admission. If supported by prospective controlled trials, statins may have a role in the primary prevention of sepsis.
Bortezomib, tacrolimus, and methotrexate for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease after reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation from HLA-mismatched unrelated donors
Authors: John Koreth, Kristen E. Stevenson, Haesook T. Kim, Michael Garcia, Vincent T. Ho, Philippe Armand, Corey Cutler, Jerome Ritz, Joseph H. Antin, Robert J. Soiffer, Edwin P. Alyea
Journal: Blood (2009)
Health care for older people
Authors: D. Griffith
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Steve Iliffe, Linda Patterson, Mairi Gould

BMJ Publishing Group, £17.95, pp 177

ISBN 0 7279 1192 9

Ed David Beales, Michael Denham, Alistair Tulloch

Radcliffe Medical Press, £17.50, pp 224

ISBN 185775 032 2

Problems in the care of elderly people are often “messy.” That is to say they are not straightforward, unidimensional issues but involve complex interplays of factors, often with more unknown factors and irreversible elements than in other branches of medicine. “Clean” problems — does treatment x help condition y ? — are less commonly encountered and usually form only part of an overall scenario. This lack of clean problems is just one of the difficulties bedevilling the development of evidence based medicine in the care of elderly people.

Just as the problems are messy so are the solutions. Professor Grimley Evans has emphasised the place of both “therapeutic” and “prosthetic” approaches — the former being an attempt to cure or modify the biological problem, the latter accepting that this may not be possible but seeking to modify the environment to help …
ACUTE GONOCOCCIC PERITONITIS OF THE RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT IN WOMEN
Authors: THOMAS FITZ-HUGH
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In 1930 Curtis,<sup>1</sup>in a paper on a cause of adhesions in the right upper quadrant, drew the following conclusions: Extensive adhesions between the anterior surface of the liver and the anterior abdominal wall, characteristically of the separate "violin-string" type, are not infrequently encountered in patients operated on for relief of pelvic distress incident to gonorrheal disease of the tubes. It would appear that gonorrheal disease is not so invariably limited to the pelvis as has heretofore been assumed. Female patients with symptoms suggestive of gallbladder disease or pleurisy may be suffering from liver-abdominal wall adhesions complicating a pelvic gonorrheal infection. The following three cases, encountered within the past six months in the practice of an internist, would seem to represent instances of the hitherto undescribed acute and early manifestations of gonococcic peritonitis of the right upper quadrant. They would seem to complete the picture of
Rates of Release of Subcutaneously Injected Antigens in the Rat: Comparison of an Aqueous Preparation with Two Alum‐Precipitated Preparations
Authors: Jerry L. Leeling, Indu A. Muni, Richard J. Helms, Ned Johnson
Journal: Allergy (1979)

Release of antigen E‐ 125 I from the site of subcutaneous injection in male rats was delayed significantly when either of two alum‐precipitated preparations containing 1.0–1.2 mg of Al/ml was administered rather than an aqueous preparation. The rates of 125 I excretion were similarly influenced being statistically slower through the first week after single doses of the alum‐precipitated preparations. The results of these studies strongly support the view that alum‐precipitated vaccines offer more protection from system reactions than aqueous vaccines.
Control of cytosolic calcium activity during low sodium exposure in cultured chick heart cells.
Authors: D Kim, A Okada, T W Smith
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

We investigated the roles of sodium-calcium exchange, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria in Cai homeostasis in cultured chick ventricular cells. Specifically, the influence of low sodium medium on contractile state, calcium fluxes, and cytosolic free [Ca] [( Ca]i) was examined. [Ca]i was measured using fura-2. Mean [Ca]i in control medium was 126 +/- 14 nM. Exposure of cells to sodium-free or sodium- and calcium-free medium (choline-substituted) resulted in contracture development, which returned toward the baseline level over 2-3 minutes. The Nao-free contracture was associated with a tenfold increase in [Ca]i (1,280 +/- 110 nM) followed by a gradual decrease to a level fourfold above control [Ca]i (460 +/- 58 nM). Nao- and Cao-free contracture was associated with a fivefold increase in [Ca]i (540 +/- 52 nM) followed by a rapid decrease to below 80 nM. Sodium-free medium failed to produce an increase in [Ca]i or contracture in cells preexposed to calcium-free medium, although caffeine, when subsequently added to sodium- and calcium-free medium, was able to elicit a transient increase in [Ca]i and contracture. Brief, 5-second preperfusion of cells with La3+ (1 mM) or EGTA (1 mM) abolished the Nao-free contracture and the increase in [Ca]i. In the presence of 20 mM caffeine, removal of Nao resulted in minimal changes in the resting position of the cell although 45Ca uptake and [Ca]i were increased in response to sodium-free medium; the subsequent decrease in [Ca]i was greatly slowed. Addition of caffeine during the relaxation phase of the sodium-free contracture produced an additional transient contracture and transient increase in [Ca]i. Ryanodine (1 microM) abolished this effect of caffeine. Caffeine or ryanodine abolished Nao- and Ca-free contracture. CCCP (2 microM), a potent oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor, did not significantly affect calcium efflux rate. In the presence of 2 microM CCCP, removal of sodium resulted in an augmented contracture signal and a rise in [Ca]i, followed by a slow decrease. We conclude that removal of extracellular sodium enhances transsarcolemmal entry of calcium via sodium-calcium exchange, but this effect alone does not lead to the development of sodium-free contracture. Calcium displaceable by lanthanum or EGTA appears to contribute to Nao-free or Nao- and Cao-free contracture. Studies using caffeine and ryanodine suggest that removal of Nao leads to release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (presumably via calcium-induced calcium release).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)