tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nigeria promises free antiretroviral drugs to HIV positive soldiers
Authors: A. Raufu
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Nigeria is soon to begin free distribution of antiretroviral drugs to its HIV positive soldiers. Announcing the plan, Nigeria's defence minister, retired general Theophilus Danjuma, said it was imperative for the Nigerian military to do everything it could to prevent the rise in HIV cases among the soldiers.

“Unless this is done, you have an army, navy, and air force that are invalids,” he warned. He said that many of the soldiers contracted HIV during peacekeeping missions in countries such as Liberia and Sierra Leone.

“These soldiers were deployed to operational areas and they were there for a long time without their wives,” he said.

The plan has a supporter …
Book: The Patient's Internet Handbook
Authors: C. Neale
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Robert Kiley, Elizabeth Graham Royal Society of Medicine Press, £9.95, pp 302 ISBN 1 85315 498 9 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Whether you're a patient or a health professional, The Patient's Internet Handbook can guide you through the internet's seven million websites to find quality health information at the touch of a button. This book is designed to help patients ask the right questions at their next consultation and it begins with the basics of getting started on the internet. With clearly defined chapters and detailed examples, you … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Data on babies' safety during hospital births are being ignored
Authors: J. Drife
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Zander and Chamberlain state that “no evidence exists to support the claim that a hospital is the safest place for women to have normal births.”1 They cite the report Where to be Born , published in 1994 by the National Epidemiology Unit.

In 1997 the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy published a survey of 19 348 deaths in Britain occurring …
Analysis article on breast feeding was misleading
Authors: M. J. Renfrew, W. McGuire, F. M. McCormick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Fewtrell and colleagues’ analysis article on the evidence for six months’ exclusive breast feeding1 hit the headlines—negative comment on breast feeding in professional and scientific journals usually does. It has resulted in confusion among families and health professionals internationally about the relative merits of breast feeding and formula feeding. It has put at risk years of large scale collaborative international work to promote breast feeding and support women,2 3 already a hard task in …
Evidence for Expanding Physician Supply
Authors: W. Bruce Fye
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters15 March 2005Evidence for Expanding Physician SupplyW. Bruce Fye, MD, MAW. Bruce Fye, MD, MAFrom Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-6-200503150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Richard Cooper, in his thoughtful and well-referenced article on physician supply (1), cites cardiology as a specialty confronting a mismatch in the supply of and demand for doctors. Several scientific, technological, social, and demographic factors are driving demand for cardiologists. Meanwhile, the output of cardiology training programs decreased significantly in the 1990s (2). The American College of Cardiology (ACC) recently published a detailed report of a 2-year study of the cardiology workforce (3). Titled “Cardiology's Workforce Crisis: A Pragmatic Approach,” the ACC report includes sections devoted to 1) the origins and implications of a growing shortage of ...References1. Cooper RA. Weighing the evidence for expanding physician supply. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:705-14. [PMID: 15520427] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Fye WB. Cardiology's workforce shortage: implications for patient care and research. Circulation. 2004;109:813-6. [PMID: 14981011] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Fye WB, Hirshfeld JW. Cardiology's workforce crisis: a pragmatic approach. Presented at the 35th Bethesda Conference, Bethesda, Maryland. 17–18 October 2003. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:215-75. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoWeighing the Evidence for Expanding Physician Supply Richard A. Cooper Evidence for Expanding Physician Supply Vincent M. Pedre III Evidence for Expanding Physician Supply William A. Curry and Clyde Barganier Evidence for Expanding Physician Supply Sharon I.S. Rounds and Derek C. Angus Evidence for Expanding Physician Supply Richard A. Cooper Metrics 15 March 2005Volume 142, Issue 6Page: 472-473KeywordsCardiovascular diseasesGraduate medical education ePublished: 15 March 2005 Issue Published: 15 March 2005 CopyrightCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Integrating Complementary Therapy Into Care
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Culture evolves only if there is cultural inheritance
Authors: Robert Aunger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Mesoudi et al. argue that the current inability to identify the means by which cultural traits are acquired does not debilitate their project to draw clear parallels between cultural and biological evolution. However, I suggest that cultural phenomena may be accounted for by biological processes, unless we can identify a cultural “genotype” that carries information from person to person independently of genes.
Cystic fibrosis. 3. Cloning the cystic fibrosis gene: implications for diagnosis and treatment.
Authors: D. J. Porteous, J. R. Dorin
Journal: Thorax (1991)

In this article we trace the steps that led to the molecular cloning of the cystic fibrosis gene and identification of the major mutation, discuss detection assays that have been designed and applied to prenatal diagnosis and the problems associated with extending gene mutation assays to population carrier detec- tion, and finally speculate on the prospects for improved treatment in the light of the likely biochemical function of the normal gene product.
PIOGLITAZONE AFFECTS LEFT VENTRICULAR FILLING PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES WHO UNDERWENT CORONARY INTERVENTION: AN ECHO DOPPLER SUB-ANALYSIS FROM THE PREVENTION OF IN-STENT NEOINTIMAL PROLIFERATION BY PIOGLITAZONE STUDY (POPPS)
Authors: Hiroyuki Okura, Tsutomu Takagi, Iku Toda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS IMPROVED CARDIOMYOGENIC TRANSDIFFERENTIATION EFFICIENCY OF HUMAN MARROW-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN VITRO
Authors: Yohei Numasawa, Shunichiro Miyoshi, Takehiro Kimura, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Hiroko Tsuji, Naoko Hida, Daisuke Shinmura, Hikaru Nakamizo, Ikuko Togashi, Kaoru Segawa, Akihiro Umezawa, Satoshi Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
THE SIZE OF DROPS
Authors: Berton Lattin
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The article of Strong and Wilmaers (The Journal, May 5, p. 1308) is much to the point. I am particularly interested in the matter of the relation of drops to minims. I have tested many digitalis tinctures, and agree with the writers that there are almost always at least 3 drops to a minim. To remove this difficulty, we have tried, at the Post-Graduate Cardiac Clinic, the use of special pipets graduated in minims. We found these difficulties: Inexpensive pipets were found to be grossly inaccurate in their markings. It was difficult to explain to patients of foreign tongues and sometimes limited intelligence how to use the pipets. Last of all, when the directions are plainly written in terms of "minims," many pharmacists persist in translating it into
Antiplatelet or Anticoagulant Therapy after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: William G. Henderson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy in preventing graft occlusions after coronary artery bypass surgery. Data Identification: Studies published from 1966 to 1988 were identified through a computerized search using MEDLINE, by searching the bibliographies of all identified articles, and by consulting with the cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons in the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antiplatelet Therapy After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Study Selection: All studies selected were randomized, controlled clinical trials comparing at least one active drug with a placebo or nonplacebo control group. Data Extraction: Key data were extracted from each article, including the percentage of patients in each treatment group with one or more grafts occluded, the percentage of patients with completed postoperative catheterizations, timing of postoperative catheterization, and timing of start of treatment. These data were easily obtained from each article and did not require multiple observers. Results of Data Analysis: All studies had positive treatment-effect sizes in favor of active treatment, although some studies did not achieve statistical significance. A meta-analysis combining all treatment effects clearly shows that active treatment is beneficial (overall effect size = 0.30; CI, 0.21 to 0.38). Efficacy improves with early initiation of treatment. Conclusions: Early initiation of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs reduces the incidence of graft occlusions after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Multiplicative interaction between mean corpuscular volume and red cell distribution width in predicting mortality of elderly patients with and without anemia
Authors: Anthony P. Lam, Krishna Gundabolu, Ashwin Sridharan, Rishi Jain, Pavlos Msaouel, Grigorios Chrysofakis, Yiting Yu, Ellen Friedman, Elizabeth Price, Stanley Schrier, Amit K. Verma
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Recent studies have shown that an elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) is an important predictor of adverse outcomes. However, the strength of this biomarker has not been tested in a large outpatient elderly population. Also since increased RDW can be due to a variety of etiologies, additional biomarkers are needed to refine the prognostic value of this variable. We assembled a cohort of 36,226 elderly (≥65yo) patients seen at an outpatient facility within the Einstein/Montefiore system from January 1st 1997 to May 1st 2008 who also had a complete blood count performed within 3 months of the initial visit. With a maximum follow-up of 10 years, we found that an elevated RDW (>16.6) was associated with increased risk of mortality in both non-anemic (HR = 3.66, p < 0.05) and anemic patients (HR = 1.87, p < 0.05). The effect of RDW on mortality is significantly increased in non-anemic patients with macrocytosis (HR = 5.22, p < 0.05) compared to those with normocytosis (HR = 3.86, p < 0.05) and microcytosis (HR = 2.46, p < 0.05). When comparing non-anemic patients with both an elevated RDW and macrocytosis to those with neither, we observed an elevated HR of 7.76 (higher than expected in an additive model). This multiplicative interaction was not observed in anemic patients (HR = 2.23). Lastly, we constructed Kaplan-Meier curves for each RDW/MCV subgroup and found worsened survival for those with macrocytosis and an elevated RDW in both anemia and non-anemic patients. Based on our results, the addition of MCV appears to improve the prognostic value of RDW as a predictor of overall survival in elderly patients.
Closing Fistulas in Crohn's Disease — Should the Accent Be on Maintenance or Safety?
Authors: Claudio Fiocchi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Among the many complications of Crohn's disease, the development of fistulas is one of the most distressing to patients because it decreases their quality of life and one of the most frustrating to physicians because of the dishearteningly high rate of management failure. Review articles offer complex clinical algorithms and long lists of therapeutic options for fistulizing Crohn's disease, ranging from antibiotics, immunomodulators, and biologic and miscellaneous agents to complementary, but seldom definitive, surgical interventions.1 Long experience has shown that the more diversified the therapeutic options are, the less likely it is that any one of them will work well, . . .
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor D Induces Cardiac Fibrosis and Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Heart-Specific Transgenic Mice
Authors: Annica Pontén, Erika Bergsten Folestad, Kristian Pietras, Ulf Eriksson
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-D is a member of the PDGF/vascular endothelial growth factor family that activates PDGF receptor beta (PDGFR-beta). We show that PDGF-D is highly expressed in the myocardium throughout development and adulthood, as well as by arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). To obtain further knowledge regarding the in vivo response to PDGF-D, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing the active core domain of PDGF-D in the heart. Transgenic PDGF-D stimulates proliferation of cardiac interstitial fibroblasts and arterial vSMCs. This results in cardiac fibrosis followed by dilated cardiomyopathy and subsequent cardiac failure. Transgenic mice also display vascular remodeling, including dilation of vessels, increased density of SMC-coated vessels, and proliferation of vSMCs, leading to a thickening of tunica media. The thickening of arterial walls is a unique feature of PDGF-D, because this is not seen when PDGF-C is overexpressed in the heart. These results show that PDGF-D, via PDGFR-beta signaling, is a potent modulator of both vascular and connective tissue growth and may provide both paracrine and autocrine stimulation of PDGFR-beta. Our data raise the possibility that this growth factor may be involved in cardiac fibrosis and atherosclerosis.
Role of peripheral vasodilation in the hypotensive response to left ventriculography in anesthetized dogs.
Authors: D D Shaw, G L Wolf, H A Baltaxe
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

Hypotension after left ventriculography (LVG) is believed to result from direct myocardial toxicity, peripheral vasodilation, or a combination of both. The contribution of each has not been established. Thus, LVG was performed in anesthetized dogs under conditions in which peripheral vascular reactivity (PVR) was altered pathophysiologically (aortic coarctation) or pharmacologically (acetylcholine infusion). Ventricular pressure (LVP), its first derivative (dP/dt), aortic pressure (AoP), and carotid and femoral flows were monitored. When PVR was normal, LVG was associated with significant hemodynamic changes which reached a maximum 25-35 seconds after injection. Left ventricular and aortic diastolic pressures were decreased by 22 and 48%, whereas carotid and femoral systolic flows were increased by 41 and 59%. During acetylcholine infusion, LVG did not cause systolic hypotension and peripheral flows were maintained strikingly constant. Similarly, LVG also was associated with insignificant changes in systolic pressures and carotid flow in the presence of aortic coarctation. These results demonstrate that the hypotension attendant with LVG is directly related to the augmentation in peripheral flow, suggesting that the response is mediated almost exclusively by peripheral vasodilation.
Pre-employment medical examinations
Authors: M S Gatley
Journal: BMJ (1980)

for parathyroid hormone estimation, the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is relatively straightforward: the demonstration of inappropriate parathyroid hormone secretion in the face of hypercalcaemia confirms the diagnosis-.In our view, the use of indirect and less reliable tests for hyperparathyroidism, such as steroid suppression tests,4 is unnecessary.We wholeheartedly agree with the sentiment that intensive and long-term followup of patients with hypercalcaemia, which is mandatory, may prove to be at least as costly as parathyroid surgery.We therefore recommend that all patients with asymptomatic hypercalcaemia be referred to specialist centres with full facilities both for the investigation of calcium metabolism and for expert parathyroid surgery.
Reporting Abuse of Competent Patients
Authors: Eve Wiseman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the American Medical Association<sup>1</sup>contains a contradiction regarding mandatory reporting of domestic violence. First, the authors note, "Almost every state requires physicians to report suspected child and elder abuse and neglect to local protective services or law enforcement authorities." But they conclude, "For mentally competent adult victims, physicians must not disclose an abuse diagnosis to spouses or any other third party without the consent of the patient." What happens in the case of a competent elderly woman who is being battered? State laws mandate reporting of elder abuse, regardless of the competency of the abused elderly person. Perhaps investigators need to explore the impact of mandatory reporting of abuse of competent elderly people. If this reporting contributes to the safety of competent older people or facilitates their access to appropriate resources, then why should mandatory
LONGEVITY.Read before the Tennessee State Medical Society, April 10, 1894.
Authors: D. E. NELSON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The subject of the paper I bring before you is longevity; a subject that has been a fruitful and profoundly interesting theme of discussion, not only in our profession, but among thinkers and students in every department of knowledge and in every age. Even the comparatively unlettered masses of mankind have not permitted it to pass their observation without their quota of crude, confusing and altogether irreconcilable opinions and conjectures. There seems to be a peculiar fascination attaching to it, that instinctively challenges attention and stimulates mental activity until our faculties are not satisfied without, at least, a voyage of discovery. Like everything in existence, the deeper it is immersed in mystery, the greater our curiosity to solve it, or, at least, to make the effort, and to satisfy ourselves whether or not it may be a new departure in the course of human events, or a piece of charlatanry
The Ballistocardiogram in Overweight Young Adults
Authors: SAMUEL STERN, Aja Lipavsky
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The ability to record the mechanical function of the heart is the principal value of the ballistocardiogram. In young healthy individuals the ballistocardiogram is consistently normal. Since overweight is apparently an important factor in the development of degenerative heart diseases, a study was undertaken to correlate excess weight in otherwise healthy young students with their respective ballistocardiograms, obtained on a direct-body ballistocardiograph.
Brain and Pituitary Angiotensin
Authors: JUAN M. SAAVEDRA
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1992)

Angiotensin(ANG II) was discovered about 50 yr ago (1, 2), and a complete peripheral system for the formation and metabolism of ANG II was soon characterized. It was named the renin-angiotensin system, based on the rate-limiting enzyme, renin, and the active principle, ANG II (3). In the classical peripheral RAS system, a precursor molecule, angiotensinogen (AOGEN), originates in the liver and is cleaved to the essentially inactive decapeptide angiotensin I (ANG I) by an aspartyl protease, renin, synthesized and released to the circulation mainly by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. ANG I is converted to ANG II, the effector peptide of this system, by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (4). Circulating ANG II acts on high affinity ANG II receptors located in the vascular smooth muscle, zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland, and kidney to produce vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, and sodium retention, respectively. Thus, the peripheral RAS is a hormonal system with important functions in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis.
Canonical Nuclear Factor κB Pathway Inhibition Blocks Myeloma Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Strong Synergy with TRAIL
Authors: Mathilde Romagnoli, Grégoire Desplanques, Sophie Maïga, Steven Legouill, Michel Dreano, Régis Bataille, Sophie Barillé-Nion
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Intrinsic activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) characterizes various hematologic malignancies. In this study, we specifically address the role of NF-κB blockade in mediated antimyeloma activity using the IκB kinase-2 pharmacologic inhibitor, AS602868. Experimental Design: Human myeloma cell lines (n = 16) and primary myeloma cells (n = 10) were tested for their sensitivity to AS602868 in terms of proliferation and apoptosis. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted. Functional mechanisms regarding the apoptotic pathways triggered by AS602868 were studied. The potential proapoptotic synergy between AS602868 and tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was also evaluated. Results: Our results show that AS602868 efficiently targeted the canonical NF-κB pathway in myeloma cells and potently inhibited their growth in inducing apoptosis through Bax and caspase-3 activation. AS602868 also induced apoptosis in primary myeloma cells even in the presence of bone marrow mononuclear cells. Moreover, the IκB kinase-2 inhibitor targeted the paracrine effect on the bone marrow environment. Indeed, it decreased the intrinsic and myeloma-induced secretion of interleukin-6 from bone marrow stromal cells. In addition, AS602868 inhibited myeloma cell growth in the MM.1S xenograft myeloma model. Of particular interest, AS602868 strongly increased myeloma sensitivity to TRAIL in blocking TRAIL-induced NF-κB activation and in decreasing the expression of antiapoptotic proteins such as cFLIP and cIAP-1/2. Conclusions: Taken together, our data point out the interest to inhibit the canonical NF-κB pathway in myeloma and clearly encourage clinical evaluation of novel therapies based on targeting NF-κB, especially in combination with TRAIL.