tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among US Children, Adolescents, and Adults, 1999-2002
Authors: Allison A. Hedley, Cynthia L. Ogden, Clifford L. Johnson, Margaret D. Carroll, Lester R. Curtin, Katherine M. Flegal
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextThe prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased markedly in the last 2 decades in the United States.ObjectiveTo update the US prevalence estimates of overweight in children and obesity in adults, using the most recent national data of height and weight measurements.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAs part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a complex multistage probability sample of the US noninstitutionalized civilian population, both height and weight measurements were obtained from 4115 adults and 4018 children in 1999-2000 and from 4390 adults and 4258 children in 2001-2002.Main Outcome MeasurePrevalence of overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥95th percentile of the sex-specific BMI-for-age growth chart) among children and prevalence of overweight (BMI, 25.0-29.9), obesity (BMI ≥30.0), and extreme obesity (BMI ≥40.0) among adults by sex, age, and racial/ethnic group.ResultsBetween 1999-2000 and 2001-2002, there were no significant changes among adults in the prevalence of overweight or obesity (64.5% vs 65.7%), obesity (30.5% vs 30.6%), or extreme obesity (4.7% vs 5.1%), or among children aged 6 through 19 years in the prevalence of at risk for overweight or overweight (29.9% vs 31.5%) or overweight (15.0% vs 16.5%). Overall, among adults aged at least 20 years in 1999-2002, 65.1% were overweight or obese, 30.4% were obese, and 4.9% were extremely obese. Among children aged 6 through 19 years in 1999-2002, 31.0% were at risk for overweight or overweight and 16.0% were overweight. The NHANES results indicate continuing disparities by sex and between racial/ethnic groups in the prevalence of overweight and obesity.ConclusionsThere is no indication that the prevalence of obesity among adults and overweight among children is decreasing. The high levels of overweight among children and obesity among adults remain a major public health concern.
Congenital atrichia, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, mental retardation, and early loss of teeth in four siblings: A new syndrome?
Authors: Peter M. Steijlen, H.A. Martino^Neumann, Daan J. der Kinderen, Dominique F.C.M. Smeets, Peter C.M. van der Kerkhof, Rudolf Happle
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1994)
Prognostic significance of acute systolic hypertension after myocardial infarction.
Authors: K M Fox, I W Tomlinson, R W Portal, C P Aber
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The clinical behaviour and mean peak serum aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) values of 106 patients admitted to a coronary care unit with acute myocardial infarction who displayed acute systolic hypertension were studied. Another 106 normotensive patients with acute myocardial infarction acted as controls. Neither group had established hypertension. The mortality rate, incidence of cardiac failure, major arrhythmias, and mean peak SGOT were significantly greater in the hypertensive group, within which the duration of hypertension was correlated with mean peak SGOT levels--through there was no definite relation between the height of systolic or diastolic pressure and SGOT. Transient systolic hypertension after acute myocardial infarction was therefore associated with a relatively poor prognosis, but our observations suggest that patients with a systolic blood pressure of at least 170 mm Hg might benefit from early hypotensive treatment.
Comparison of Immunocytology to Tissue Culture for Diagnosis of Presumed Herpesvirus Dendritic Epithelial Keratitis
Authors: Mark W. Simon, Darlene Miller, Stephen C. Pflugfelder, J. Franklin Murchison, Andrew J.W. Huang, Sally S. Atherton
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)

The objective of this study is to prospectively compare the sensitivity and specificity of immunodetection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in impression cytology specimens obtained directly from presumed herpesvirus dendritic epithelial keratitis with virus isolation by tissue culture of cells scraped from the same lesion.Corneal impression cytology and tissue culture were performed on 29 consecutive patients presenting with presumed herpesvirus dendritic epithelial keratitis during a 6-month period. Impression cytology of dendritic epithelial keratitis lesions with Millipore Biopore membranes were evaluated for the presence of antigens specific to HSV type I (HSV-1), HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) using monoclonal antibodies specific to these herpesviruses and immunofluorescent staining techniques.Tissue culture was positive for HSV-1 in 52% (13 of 25) of dendritic epithelial keratitis patients without skin lesions, and was negative for VZV in 4 patients with dendritic epithelial keratitis and skin lesions in the distribution of the first division of the trigeminal nerve. The remaining 12 tissue cultures showed no cytopathic effect. Compared with tissue culture, impression cytology was 100% sensitive (13 of 13) and 92% specific (11 of 12) for the diagnosis of HSV-1 dendritic epithelial keratitis (Kappa coefficient of agreement 0.92). Although our sample size for VZV dendritic epithelial keratitis was small, the impression cytology findings correlated with our clinical diagnosis more often than tissue culture (2 of 4 versus 0 of 4).Impression cytology allows simultaneous debridement of dendritic epithelial keratitis and, when combined with immunocytologic staining procedures, provides a simpler, more rapid, and less expensive alternative to tissue culture for the diagnosis of dendritic epithelial keratitis caused by HSV or VZV.
From Cellular Cultures to Cellular Spheroids: Is Impedance Spectroscopy a Viable Tool for Monitoring Multicellular Spheroid (MCS) Drug Models?
Authors: Frank A. Alexander, Dorielle Tucker Price, Shekhar Bhansali
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2012)

The use of 3-D multicellular spheroid (MCS) models is increasingly being accepted as a viable means to study cell-cell, cell-matrix and cell-drug interactions. Behavioral differences between traditional monolayer (2-D) cell cultures and more recent 3-D MCS confirm that 3-D MCS more closely model the in vivo environment. However, analyzing the effect of pharmaceutical agents on both monolayer cultures and MCS is very time intensive. This paper reviews the use of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), a label-free whole cell assay technique, as a tool for automated screening of cell drug interactions in MCS models for biologically/physiologically relevant events over long periods of time. EIS calculates the impedance of a sample by applying an AC current through a range of frequencies and measuring the resulting voltage. This review will introduce techniques used in impedance-based analysis of 2-D systems; highlight recently developed impedance-based techniques for analyzing 3-D cell cultures; and discuss applications of 3-D culture impedance monitoring systems.
Gastric acid secretion in Indians with particular reference to the ratio of basal to maximal acid output.
Authors: R K Goyal, P S Gupta, K H Chuttani
Journal: Gut (1966)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS In a study in northern Indian subjects there was no correlation between the body weight and the acid secretion under basal conditions and after maximal histamine stimulation.A significant correlation was observed between the volume secreted and its acid content for basal as well as for maximal acid output.
αβT Cell Receptors Expressed by CD4−CD8αβ− Intraepithelial T Cells Drive Their Fate into a Unique Lineage with Unusual MHC Reactivities
Authors: Sofia Mayans, Dariusz Stepniak, Sakina F. Palida, Alexandre Larange, Joanna Dreux, Britni M. Arlian, Ryo Shinnakasu, Mitchell Kronenberg, Hilde Cheroutre, Florence Lambolez
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Penicillin-induced pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: P. Duhra, I.S. Foulds
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Penicillin‐induced pemphigus vulgaris Get access P. Duhra, P. Duhra The Skin Hospital, Birmingham B15 1BR, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.S. Foulds I.S. Foulds The Skin Hospital, Birmingham B15 1BR, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 2, 1 February 1988, Page 307, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb01788.x Published: 01 February 1988
Suppression of Urinary and Plasma Follicle-Stimulating Hormone by Exogenous Estrogens in Prepubertal and Pubertal Children
Authors: R. P. Kelch, S. L. Kaplan, M. M. Grumbach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Clomiphene citrate, an “anti-estrogen” with mild estrogenic properties, inhibits rather than stimulates gonadotropin excretion in prepubertal and early pubertal children. These and other data suggest that the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary “gonadostat” decreases at the onset of puberty. To test this hypothesis further, the daily excretion of urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) was determined in 19 children (5 “short normals” and 14 with isolated human growth hormone (HGH) deficiency) who were given ethinyl estradiol (EE) 1.4-14.7 μg/m2 per day (2-10 μg/day) for 4 to 7 days. In addition, plasma and urinary gonadotropins and plasma estrogens were serially determined in two prepubertal females(with isolated HGH deficiency) given two injections (24 h apart) of estradiol benzoate, 10 μg/kg. FSH and LH concentrations in plasma and kaolin-acetone urinary concentrates and plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) were measured by radioimmunoassays. 2-3 μg/m2 per day of EE significantly suppressed urinary FSH (and LH when detected in the control period) in two out of six prepubertal children, while all doses >5 μg/m2 per day suppressed urinary gonadotropins to undetectable levels in eight prepubertal subjects. In early to midpubertal subjects. 2-10 μg/m2 per day of EE produced a slight suppression of urinary FSH, but failed to suppress to undetectable levels. Two subjects in late puberty (stage 4) did not suppress their urinary FSH while on 7 and 8.3 μg/m2 per day. In both subjects treated with estradiol benzoate, plasma FSH promptly decreased after the first injection. Urinary FSH was suppressed to <0.1 IU/day on day 2 and urinary and plasma gonadotropins remained suppressed for the duration of the study (3 days). Plasma E2 and E1 rose from prepubertal values to peak concentrations of 150 to 250 pg/ml (E2), and 50 and 100 pg/ml (E1) at approximately 36 h. We conclude that the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is operative in the prepubertal child and that the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary center(s) which control the secretion of FSH and LH decreases at the onset of puberty in man.
Development of a MR-Visible Compound for Tracing Neuroanatomical Connections In Vivo
Authors: Carolyn W.-H. Wu, Olga Vasalatiy, Ning Liu, Haitao Wu, Sarah Cheal, Der-Yow Chen, Alan P. Koretsky, Gary L. Griffiths, Roger B.H. Tootell, Leslie G. Ungerleider
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Valproic acid in Sydenham's chorea.
Authors: R S McLachlan
Journal: BMJ (1981)

ABT-806 is a tumor-specific antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This study assessed safety, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of <sup>111</sup>In-radiolabeled ABT-806 (ABT-806i) and effects of repeated doses of ABT-806 on receptor occupancy. <b>Methods:</b> Eligible patients had advanced tumors likely to express EGFR/EGFRvIII; adequate performance status and organ function; and measurable disease by RECIST 1.1. In cohort 1, 6 patients received a bolus administration of ABT-806i and underwent SPECT followed by whole-body planar scans. In cohort 2, 12 patients were imaged similarly as in 1 initially; thereafter, they received 3 doses of unlabeled ABT-806, before another dose of ABT-806i with associated SPECT and whole-body planar scans. At the end of both cohorts, patients who had stable or responding disease were able to enroll into an extension study (M12-326) in which they received unlabeled ABT-806 every 2 wk until disease progression, withdrawal of consent, or intolerable toxicity. <b>Results:</b> No toxicity related to ABT-806i infusion was observed. ABT-806i showed minimal uptake in normal tissues and cleared gradually from blood with a half-life of 6.0 ± 1.5 d. The mean effective dose of ABT-806i was 0.137 mSv/MBq for males and 0.183 mSv/MBq for females. ABT-806i tumor uptake varied and did not correlate with archived tumor EGFR expression. No change in ABT-806i uptake was observed after interval ABT-806 treatment, indicating stable EGFR expression in tumor. The patient with highest tumor uptake of ABT-806i had advanced head and neck cancer and experienced a partial response. <b>Conclusion:</b> ABT-806i allows for real-time imaging of EGFR conformational expression in tumors, has an acceptable radiation dosimetry, and provides important additional information about antigen expression compared with standard approaches using archival tissue. Its role to assist in patient selection for EGFR-based therapeutics and investigate treatment resistance should be further investigated.
p38γ Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Motility and Metastasis through Regulation of RhoC GTPase, Cytoskeletal Architecture, and a Novel Leading Edge Behavior
Authors: Devin T. Rosenthal, Harish Iyer, Silvia Escudero, Liwei Bao, Zhifen Wu, Alejandra C. Ventura, Celina G. Kleer, Ellen M. Arruda, Krishna Garikipati, Sofia D. Merajver
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Understanding the molecular alterations that confer cancer cells with motile, metastatic properties is needed to improve patient survival. Here, we report that p38γ motogen-activated protein kinase regulates breast cancer cell motility and metastasis, in part, by controlling expression of the metastasis-associated small GTPase RhoC. This p38γ-RhoC regulatory connection was mediated by a novel mechanism of modulating RhoC ubiquitination. This relationship persisted across multiple cell lines and in clinical breast cancer specimens. Using a computational mechanical model based on the finite element method, we showed that p38γ-mediated cytoskeletal changes are sufficient to control cell motility. This model predicted novel dynamics of leading edge actin protrusions, which were experimentally verified and established to be closely related to cell shape and cytoskeletal morphology. Clinical relevance was supported by evidence that elevated expression of p38γ is associated with lower overall survival of patients with breast cancer. Taken together, our results offer a detailed characterization of how p38γ contributes to breast cancer progression. Herein we present a new mechanics-based analysis of cell motility, and report on the discovery of a leading edge behavior in motile cells to accommodate modified cytoskeletal architecture. In summary, these findings not only identify a novel mechanism for regulating RhoC expression but also advance p38γ as a candidate therapeutic target.
Female Frosh Fare Fine
Authors: Harry B. Burke
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There have been several studies comparing the academic performance of male and female first-year medical students.<sup>1-3</sup>Generally, men perform better than women in the basic sciences. But none of these studies controlled for prior course work. It could be that men achieve higher test scores in the basic sciences in medical school because, prior to matriculation, they have taken more courses similar to those required in medical school than women have. To deal with unequal preparation, this study adjusted for prior course work by examining, by subject, the academic performance of those male and female medical students who did not have any prior course work in that subject. <h3>Study.—</h3> The numerical grades of the freshman medical students at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine in 1984 were obtained for the following courses: Anatomy I and II, Histology, Biochemistry I and II, Physiology I and
Subgross Pulmonary Anatomy in Various Mammals and Man
Authors: Richard F. McLaughlin
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE PRESENT STUDY is part of an investigative project designed to classify pulmonary emphysema in the human being. One phase of the study called for an animal to be used experimentally in an effort to produce emphysema. It appeared logical to select an animal possessing a lung anatomically similar to that of man. A review of the literature revealed surprisingly little detailed information on the subject. For many years, however, certain species differences in lungs have been recognized.<sup>1, 2</sup>Degree of lobation and lobulation has been noted to be widely variable.<sup>3,4</sup>A distinction has been made between animals with thick pleurae and thin pleurae.<sup>5</sup>It has been shown that the rabbit does not possess respiratory bronchioles, but that many other animals do.<sup>6</sup>Differences in the distribution of the bronchial artery have been reported,<sup>5</sup>but the extent of distribution of the vessel has been the
RT-08 * PROTON THERAPY (PT) LARGE-VOLUME RE-IRRADIATION FOR RECURRENT GLIOMA: OVERALL SURVIVAL (OS) AND TOXICITY OUTCOMES
Authors: B. Desai, R. Rockne, A. Rademaker, J. Raizer, N. Paleologos, R. Merrell, S. Grimm, S. Azeem, W. Hartsell, P. Sweeney, K. Swanson, V. Gondi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic benefit of targeting T2/FLAIR in addition to contrast-enhancing (CE) tumor during re-irradiation for recurrent glioma can be attenuated by augmented toxicity. Given its steep dose fall-off and narrow penumbrae, PT minimizes volume of brain parenchyma outside target volume, potentially permitting a less toxic delivery of large-volume re-irradiation. METHODS: From 2/2011 to 12/2013, 19 consecutive adult patients with recurrent glioma treated with PT re-irradiation at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. Planning target volume (PTV) included T2/FLAIR and CE abnormalities. Covariates assessed were age, gender, KPS at time of PT, number of salvage treatments, grade at initial diagnosis, interval between prior radiotherapy and PT, PT dose, PT PTV, bevacizumab failure, concurrent use of temozolomide and/or bevacizumab, and post-PT radiation necrosis. OS time from PT start was estimated with Kaplan-Meier analysis; comparisons used log-rank statistic. Multivariate analysis used the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Median age was 42 and median KPS was 90. Median salvage treatments was 2 (range 1-9). Median interval between prior radiotherapy and PT was 36.1 months (mos) (range 6.9-162.9). 12 patients (63%) were bevacizumab-refractory. Median PT dose was 50.4 CGE and median PTV was 224.2 cc. 5 patients (26%) remain alive. Median OS was 9.4 mos overall, 6.6 mos amongst bevacizumab-refractory patients, and 12.3 mos amongst bevacizumab-naive patients. Prior bevacizumab failure (hazard ratio (HR) 3.79; P = 0.047), shorter interval since prior radiotherapy (HR 1.04; P = 0.02), and Grade 4 disease (HR 4.17; P = 0.03) were prognostic of inferior OS. One patient had grade 3 radiation necrosis in the setting of PT re-irradiation for progressive brainstem glioma. One patient had grade 2 radiation necrosis, and another had grade 2 stroke. No other grade ≥3 toxicities were observed. CONCLUSION: Large-volume PT re-irradiation for recurrent glioma is safe and associated with promising OS outcomes, particularly in the setting of bevacizumab-refractory tumors.
Toxicology Information Response Center
Authors: Susan G. Winslow
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to clarify a statement by Robert W. Miller, MD, in his article on "Areawide Chemical Contamination" (1981;245:1548). The "Crisis Response Team" at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to which Miller refers in the article is the Toxicology Information Response Center (TIRC). Founded in 1971 by the National Library of Medicine's Toxicology Information Program, the TIRC serves as a national and international center for toxicology and related information. The TIRC functions within the Information Center Complex, a major scientific and technical unit of the Information Division at ORNL. Services of the TIRC are available on a fee-for-service basis to all interested organizations or private persons. Rapid-response literature searches, processed in 24 hours, can be obtained by specific request. For information the Center can be contacted at (615) 576-1743 or FTS 626-1743. One of many activities at the TIRC is the Information Response to Chemical
Rickets in Relation to Flat-Foot: A Reply to Professor Ogston's Paper in the Journal of November 24th 1888
Authors: T. S. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1889)

double genu valgum, of such severity that she could at no time walk more than 200 yards without assistance; she had previously undergone a variety of treatment, and my colleague, Dr. Ashley Cummins, having decided to perform osteotomy, consulted me with regard to the matter.On expressing to him a wish that I should be allowed to try if it would be possible to fracture her thigh with the screw clamp, he kindly handed her over to me for treatment, On July 25th, 1888, I operated in the manner described, using a timber wedge covered with felt to fracture her left femnr.The bone was broken 22-inches above the joint.There was no diffl- culty in the operation.The arms of the clamp were separated 4-inches; the time of pressure about 25 seconds.There was no skin wound.The limb having been enveloped in Gamgee tissue, a long splint was applied.July 29th.Examined her thigh to-day.There was only slight ecchymosis at the points of pressure.She had no pain; tempera- ture normal.September 13th.Her limb was quite straight and firm; she was able to stand with slight assistance to have her photograph taken.M. S. seven weeks aft er operation on left femur.September 14th.Fractured her right femur to-day, using a steel wedge, which was covered with india-rubber.There was no
Remarks ON BURSAL SWELLINGS ABOUT THE KNEE-JOINT
Authors: A. E. Barker
Journal: BMJ (1911)

OF late years a good deal has been learnt with regard to bursal swellings about the knee which seems not yet to have btccme current, and wbich has not, I think, up to the present sufficiently inflaenced their treatment and our views as to their relations to troubles in the knee-joint.The swellings which most commonly present themselves in this part of the body are: (1) Those of the prepatellar bursa; (2) those of the bursa upon the expansion of the semimembranosus tendon, between it and the inner head of the gastroonemius; (3) under the expanded inser- tion of the sartorius muscle, between it and the tendons of the gtacilis and semitendinosus; (4) under the gracilis tendon between it and the internal lateral ligament;(5) under the patellar ligament, between it and the front of the tibia; (6) between the bifid insertion of the biceps cruris and the external lateral ligament of the knee-joint.Enlargements of the last two bursase are in my experienee uncommon, and may,tberetore, be puzzling when met with.It must be remembered also that the semimembrancsus bursa and that under the ligamentum patellae often, if not invariably, communicate with the knee joint, and may be enlarged in common with it by synovial distension.Those bursae about the inner and outer hamstrine tendons rarely, if ever, primarily communicate with the knee cavity, and if enlarged the change is, therefore, due to abnormal conditions in themselves.It has been held by some (Baker, Koenig, and others) that certain large bursal tumours round the knee are derived from hernial protrusions of the synovial mem- brane through weak spots in the capsale (so-called Baker's cysts), Bat we must remember that the views on these structures were put forward at a time when it was con- aidered very imprudent to inveatigate them by operation, owing to the dangers of sepsis spreading to the knee-joint, and consequently a minute examination of their relations Milk, 40 oz.Bread, 14 oz.Aerated distilled water (unlimited in quantity).