tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PREPARATION OF ALBUMIN MILK IN THE HOME
Authors: Jules M. Brady
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The value of albumin milk as therapeutic agent in the nutritional disturbances of infaney has been fully established. The difficulty of its preparation has curtailed its use very much. The original directions for its preparation called for a quart of sweet milk brought to the boiling point, allowed to cool to 100 F. and then curdled with a tablespoonful of essence of pepsin. The whey is drained off and the curds suspended in a muslin bag for two hours. The curds are then passed through a hair sieve by gentle pressure with a large spo potato masher adadding at the same time a pint of fat free buttermilk. Boiled cool water is then added to bring the whole up to one quart. The preparation is then ready for the addition of from 1 to 5 per cent, of maltose and dextrin. The main difficulty is in getting the curds to pass through the sieve. In our institution we prepare
Speed in Sweden
Authors: Einar S. Perman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

IN Sweden intravenous abuse of central stimulants is the most serious of all drug-abuse problems. At present the main drug on the illegal market is amphetamine, with phenmetrazine (Preludin) second. Earlier there was also widespread abuse of methylphenidate (Ritalin). The Swedish addicts show very little interest in heroin and other opiates although these drugs are available on the illegal market.Sweden has, according to reasonable estimates, about 10,000 addicts using central stimulants. In comparison the number of addicts using heroin and opiates is estimated to be below 500. Most addicts live in the larger cities, and some workers estimate that . . .
Chronic passive venous congestion drives hepatic fibrogenesis via sinusoidal thrombosis and mechanical forces
Authors: Douglas A. Simonetto, Hui‐yin Yang, Meng Yin, Thiago M. de Assuncao, Jung Hee Kwon, Moira Hilscher, Shuchong Pan, Liu Yang, Yan Bi, Arthur Beyder, Sheng Cao, Robert D. Simari, Richard Ehman, Patrick S. Kamath, Vijay H. Shah
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Chronic passive hepatic congestion (congestive hepatopathy) leads to hepatic fibrosis; however, the mechanisms involved in this process are not well understood. We developed a murine experimental model of congestive hepatopathy through partial ligation of the inferior vena cava (pIVCL). C57BL/6 and transgenic mice overexpressing tissue factor pathway inhibitor (SM22α‐TFPI) were subjected to pIVCL or sham. Liver and blood samples were collected and analyzed in immunohistochemical, morphometric, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot assays. Hepatic fibrosis and portal pressure were significantly increased after pIVCL concurrent with hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Liver stiffness, as assessed by magnetic resonance elastography, correlated with portal pressure and preceded fibrosis in our model. Hepatic sinusoidal thrombosis as evidenced by fibrin deposition was demonstrated both in mice after pIVCL as well as in humans with congestive hepatopathy. Warfarin treatment and TFPI overexpression both had a protective effect on fibrosis development and HSC activation after pIVCL. In vitro studies show that congestion stimulates HSC fibronectin (FN) fibril assembly through direct effects of thrombi as well as by virtue of mechanical strain. Pretreatment with either Mab13 or Cytochalasin‐D, to inhibit β‐integrin or actin polymerization, respectively, significantly reduced fibrin and stretch‐induced FN fibril assembly. Conclusion : Chronic hepatic congestion leads to sinusoidal thrombosis and strain, which in turn promote hepatic fibrosis. These studies mechanistically link congestive hepatopathy to hepatic fibrosis. (H epatology 2015;61:648‐659)
Long-term Survival Following Bariatric Surgery in the VA Health System—Reply
Authors: David E. Arterburn, George Eid, Matthew L. Maciejewski
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Points from Letters: Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome
Authors: B. W. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1970)

refers I did not comment directly on the case for or against a large increase in number, but was concerned with the evi- dence indicating that the Royal Commission had failed to understand the mathematical basis on which they proposed an exponential expansion, and had thus reached a wholly unjustifiable conclusion about the number of doctors necessary.I also drew attention to the implications of an error of this magnitude, which could require perhaps the provision of 10,000 unnecessary doctors in 10 years, a number equivalent to the output of five new medical schools.As this appears a serious matter, one would expect the mathematical errors in this section of the report to have been ac- knowledged and corrected before now, since it must surely be necessary to prepare a new estimate based on less indefensible grounds.If, however, my conclusions are unjustified, it should be an easy matter to refute them.-Iam, etc.,
Nucleotide −88 (C-T) promoter mutation is a common β-thalassemia mutation in the Jat Sikhs of Punjab, India
Authors: Gurjeewan Garewal, Reena Das, Jasmina Ahluwalia, R.K. Marwaha, S. Varma
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

A study of beta-gene mutations in Jat Sikhs, a subcaste of Punjabis, revealed a very high prevalence (46%: 41/88) of the mild beta++ promoter region mutation -88 (C-T). Sixteen individuals presenting in homozygous form were clinically mild. Un-transfused patients had characteristic hematological findings: high Hb F (38.1-68.6%, mean 47.4%), high Hb A2 (5.7-9.8%, mean 6.88%), and the rest had adult hemoglobin. The 19 subjects with compound heterozygosity for -88 (C-T) and another beta-gene mutation presented both as thalassemia intermedia (four cases) and as thalassemia major (15 cases). One of the four patients with the milder phenotype had a second mild mutation, CAP+1 (beta++). In the other three cases with the milder phenotype, the second mutation was associated with the presence of the XmnI Ggamma polymorphism. Notably, the XmnI Ggamma was negative in all the -88 (C-T) alleles. None of the patients had associated alpha-thalassemia even in the thalassemia intermedia group. Haplotype analysis of the -88 (C-T) homozygous cases showed a single haplotype (+ - - - - + -) in all but two individuals. This haplotype is distinct from those described in the Africans with homozygous -88 (C-T), suggesting that the mutation in our population occurred independently.
Press: Private Eye Special Report on MMR
Authors: D. Elliman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

It is four years since the Lancet published work by the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group from the Royal Free Hospital on a possible link between autism and bowel problems. In view of subsequent events it is sometimes hard to believe that the paper actually included the statement “We did not prove an association between measles, mumps and rubella vaccine and the syndrome described.”

Despite this, immediately following publication one of the members of the group, Andrew Wakefield, announced, “There is sufficient concern in my own mind for a case to be made for the vaccines to be given individually at not less than one year intervals.”

At the time the British satirical magazine Private Eye ran an article entitled “National Bad Science Week.” The article was scathing about Wakefield's suggestion, pointing out that “British taxpayers are now funding the damage limitation” and suggesting that “approval for Wakefield is to court flapdoodle.” Since …
Abstract 2885: Features of innate immunity dominate serum and tissue protein and cytokine profiles in both mouse and human inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: Charles G. Knutson, Aswin Mangerich, Yu Zeng, Arkadiusz R. Raczynski, Rosa G. Liberman, Pilsoo Kang, Wenjie Ye, Guanyu Gong, Erin Prestwich, Kun Lu, John S. Wishnok, Joshua R. Korzenik, Gerald N. Wogan, James G. Gox, Peter C. Dedon, Steven R. Tannenbaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammatory disease that arises through unknown genetic, environmental, and bacterial origins. Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are the two main forms of IBD, and their incidence is increasing in industrialized countries. Further, IBD is a significant risk factor for the development of colon cancer. Though the specific determinants remain elusive, persistent inflammation is believed to play a significant role in colon cancer carcinogenesis. To better define the molecular mechanisms linking colitis to the identity of disease biomarkers, we performed a translational comparison of protein expression and protein damage products in mouse and human IBD. Helicobacter hepaticus-infected Rag2-/- mice emulate many aspects of human IBD, and our recent work with this model highlights the importance of neutrophils in the pathology of colitis and colon cancer. Analysis of neutrophil- and macrophage-derived damage products revealed accumulation of 3-chlorotyrosine (CTyr) and 3-nitrotyrosine (NTyr) in inflamed mice colons that increased with disease duration. These results were further corroborated in mouse studies by histological evaluation, which demonstrated strong infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages to the site of inflammation. Human studies revealed an increase in CTyr in the colon of UC and CD tissues relative to serum levels. The nucleic acid chlorination damage product, 5-chloro-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Cl-dC), was quantified in human colon and found to be present at similar levels to that of inflamed mice colons. Multivariate analysis of these markers along with serum proteins and cytokines revealed a general signature of activated innate immunity in human IBD. UC sera were strongly suggestive of neutrophil activity while CD and mouse sera were suggestive of macrophage and neutrophil activity. These data point to innate immunity as a major determinant of serum and tissue profiles and provide insight into disease activity in IBD. Citation Format: Charles G. Knutson, Aswin Mangerich, Yu Zeng, Arkadiusz R. Raczynski, Rosa G. Liberman, Pilsoo Kang, Wenjie Ye, Guanyu Gong, Erin Prestwich, Kun Lu, John S. Wishnok, Joshua R. Korzenik, Gerald N. Wogan, James G. Gox, Peter C. Dedon, Steven R. Tannenbaum. Features of innate immunity dominate serum and tissue protein and cytokine profiles in both mouse and human inflammatory bowel disease. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2885. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2885
Valve Design and Paravalvular Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: E. Murat Tuzcu, Samir R. Kapadia, Lars G. Svensson
Journal: Circulation (2014)

T ranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as an important treatment option for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are either inoperable or at high risk for surgical aortic valve replacement.Currently, 2 valves are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for inoperable patients, whereas 9 valves have received the CE (Conformité Européenne) mark in Europe for TAVR.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSRADIAL PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: A DECISION-ANALYTIC MODEL
Authors: Amit P. Amin, Steven P. Marso, Adnan Chhatriwalla, David Safley, Kevin Kennedy, John House, Rebecca Mills, Adam Salisbury, John Spertus, David Cohen, Dmitri Baklanov
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Role of “Leakage” of Tubular Fluid in Anuria Due to Mercury Poisoning*
Authors: Norman Bank, Bertrand F. Mutz, Hagop S. Aynedjian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The role of "leakage" of tubular fluid in anuria produced by mercury poisoning was studied in rats by micropuncture techniques. After an initial brisk diuresis, almost all animals were completely anuric 24 hours after HgCl(2) injection. Lissamine green injected intravenously in the early stage of anuria appeared in the beginning of the proximal tubule, but the color became progressively lighter as the dye traversed the proximal convolutions. The dye was barely visible in the terminal segments of the proximal tubule; it did not appear at all in the distal tubules. These observations suggest that the proximal epithelium had become abnormally permeable to Lissamine green. Tubular fluid to plasma inulin (TF/P(In)) ratios and inulin clearance were measured in individual nephrons at three sites: early proximal tubule, late proximal tubule, and distal tubule. It was found that TF/P(In) ratios were abnormally low in the late proximal and distal tubules. Inulin clearance was normal at the beginning of the proximal tubule but fell by more than 60% by the late proximal convolutions. Thus, the proximal tubule had also become permeable to inulin. We conclude from these observations that anuria in mercury poisoning can occur in the presence of a normal glomerular filtration rate. The absence of urine flow appears to be due to complete absorption of the filtrate through an excessively permeable tubular epithelium. The driving force affecting this fluid absorption is probably the colloid oncotic pressure of the peritubular capillary blood.
Diagnosis of Cholestatic Jaundice
Authors: Paul DeR Kolisch
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In "Cholestatic Jaundice in Adults: Algorithms for Diagnosis" (1981;245:1945), Fischer and co-workers quote: "The most difficult problem in the diagnosis of jaundice is the differentiation of intrahepatic from extrahepatic cholestasis." Indeed, with their algorithms for diagnosis it is absolutely correct. I am, however, astonished that so well prepared a study should not include a discussion of hepatobiliary imaging by radionuclide scintigraphy. Iminodiacetic acid and its congeners combined with technetium Tc 99m have been the subject of a number of articles for at least three years. The quality of the images has been uniformly satisfactory. Patients with more than 10 mg/dL of bilirubin have been described by Cheng et al.<sup>1</sup> Unless dealing with a postoperative patient with a T-tube in place, I should be tempted to place radionuclide evaluation at the top of the list of diagnostic procedures. Certainly before either endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous
Neurogenic switching: a hypothesis for a mechanism for shifting the site of inflammation in allergy and chemical sensitivity.
Authors: W J Meggs
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Neurogenic switching is proposed as a hypothesis for a mechanism by which a stimulus at one site can lead to inflammation at a distant site. Neurogenic inflammation occurs when substance P and other neuropeptides released from sensory neurons produce an inflammatory response, whereas immunogenic inflammation results from the binding of antigen to antibody or leukocyte receptors. There is a crossover mechanism between these two forms of inflammation. Neurogenic switching is proposed to result when a sensory impulse from a site of activation is rerouted via the central nervous system to a distant location to produce neurogenic inflammation at the second location. Neurogenic switching is a possible explanation for systemic anaphylaxis, in which inoculation of the skin or gut with antigen produces systemic symptoms involving the respiratory and circulatory systems, and an experimental model of anaphylaxis is consistent with this hypothesis. Food-allergy-iducing asthma, urticaria, arthritis, and fibromyalgia are other possible examples of neurogenic switching. Neurogenic switching provides a mechanism to explain how allergens, infectious agents, irritants, and possibly emotional stress can exacerbate conditions such as migraine, asthma, and arthritis. Because neurogenic inflammation is known to be triggered by chemical exposures, it may play a role in the sick building syndrome and the multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome. Thus neurogenic switching would explain how the respiratory irritants lead to symptoms at other sites in these disorders.
Sleep Position and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Marian Willinger
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality in the United States. Between 5000 and 6000 infants die with this diagnosis each year, with an incidence in 1992 of 1.2 per 1000 live births.<sup>1</sup>SIDS is defined as the sudden death of an infant younger than 1 year that remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history.<sup>2</sup>Infants with SIDS die during a critical developmental period, which peaks between 2 and 4 months of age. See also pp 783, 790, and 795. There is evidence from physiologic and pathologic investigations to support the concept that SIDS infants at birth are different from those who survive. However, there are no clinical criteria that distinguish a newborn as high risk. Epidemiologic studies have sought characteristics in the prenatal and
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE IS SUPERIOR TO SERUM-FREE HEMOGLOBIN AS A MARKER OF PUMP THROMBOSIS IN LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES
Authors: Palak Shah, Vivek M. Mehta, Jennifer A. Cowger, Matthew A. Romano, Jonathan W. Haft, Keith D. Aaronson, Francis D. Pagani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Family Enters the Hospital
Authors: GENE M. ABROMS, CARL H. FELLNER, CARL A. WHITAKER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors present a preliminary report of 18 months' full-time inpatient treatment of 100 patients and their families. Although a therapeutic impasse dictated most family admissions, the index patients improved as much as nonfamily-patient controls. The fact of family admission was a powerful therapeutic act in itself. Because the program was intense and short-term, it gave little opportunity for patients to regress. The authors recommend more use of this type of treatment and less of the customary "dilute" outpatient care.
Priorities in the Evaluation of Patients With Chest Pain
Authors: Rita F. Redberg
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Kyan C. Safavi, BS; Shu-Xia Li, PhD; Kumar Dharmarajan, MD, MBA; Arjun K. Venkatesh, MD, MBA; Kelly M. Strait, MS; Haiqun Lin, MD, PhD; Timothy J. Lowe, PhD; Reza Fazel, MD, MSc; Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, MD, MPH; Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM
Gut Balance, a synbiotic supplement, increases fecal Lactobacillus paracasei but has little effect on immunity in healthy physically active individuals
Authors: Nicholas P. West, David B. Pyne, Allan Cripps, Claus T. Christophersen, Michael A. Conlon, Peter A. Fricker
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Synbiotic supplements, which contain multiple functional ingredients, may enhance the immune system more than the use of individual ingredients alone. A double blind active controlled parallel trial over a 21 d exercise training period was conducted to evaluate the effect of Gut Balance™, which contains Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (L. casei 431®), Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis (BB-12®), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-5®), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG®), two prebiotics (raftiline and raftilose) and bovine whey derived lactoferrin and immunoglobulins with acacia gum on fecal microbiota, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), gut permeability, salivary lactoferrin and serum cytokines. All subjects randomized were included in the analysis. There was a 9-fold (1.2-fold to 64-fold; 95% confidence intervals p = 0.03) greater increase in fecal L. paracasei numbers with Gut Balance™ compared with acacia gum supplementation. Gut Balance™ was associated with a 50% (-12% to 72%; p = 0.02) smaller increase in the concentration of serum IL-16 in comparison to acacia gum from pre- to post-study. No substantial effects of either supplement were evident in fecal SCFA concentrations, measures of mucosal immunity or GI permeability. Clinical studies are now required to determine whether Gut Balance™ may exert beneficial GI health effects by increasing the recovery of fecal L. paracasei. Both supplements had little effect on immunity. Twenty two healthy physically active male subjects (mean age = 33.9 ± 6.5y) were randomly allocated to either daily prebiotic or synbiotic supplementation for 21 d. Saliva, blood, urine and fecal samples were collected pre-, mid and post-intervention. Participants recorded patterns of physical activity on a self-reported questionnaire.
Clinical and cytogenetic remission induced by interferon-α in a patient with chronic eosinophilic leukemia associated with a unique t(3;9;5) translocation
Authors: Osamu Yamada, Kouich Kitahara, Kimiharu Imamura, Hisashi Ozasa, Michiko Okada, Hideaki Mizoguchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

A patient with chronic eosinophilic leukemia and a unique complex chromosomal translocation 46,XY,t(3;9;5)(q25;q34;q33) who had elevated blood interleukin-5 is reported. Complete cytogenetic remission was induced by interferon-alpha after treatment failure with corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs. Severe cardiopulmonary symptoms due to hypereosinophilia and thromboembolic complication improved dramatically in the first 6 months of interferon therapy. Since it is known that the gene encoding for interleukin-5 resides on the long arm of chromosome 5, it may be possible that the chromosomal translocation in our patient resulted in overproduction of this cytokine, and our findings may be helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Obama's Vision and the Prospects for Health Care Reform
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In a rare address to Congress, designed to consolidate support among Democrats behind one health care reform plan, reassure people with insurance that they would benefit from reform, and offer conciliatory gestures to skeptical Republicans, President Barack Obama sought to rebuild momentum among legislators for pursuing reform. By emphasizing in his prime-time address on September 9 that “now is the season for action,” Obama signaled that he was taking command of his primary domestic initiative after months of urging Congress to craft a reform proposal. Obama set out three basic goals for reform: increasing security and stability for people with . . .
Impaired RV Global Longitudinal Strain Is Associated With Poor Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Inferior STEMI
Authors: Soo Jin Park, Jae-Hyeong Park, Hyeon Seok Lee, Min Su Kim, Yong Kyu Park, Yunseon Park, Yeon Ju Kim, Jae-Hwan Lee, Si-Wan Choi, Jin-Ok Jeong, In Sun Kwon, In-Whan Seong
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)