tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Summary Report on the Graded Prognostic Assessment: An Accurate and Facile Diagnosis-Specific Tool to Estimate Survival for Patients With Brain Metastases
Authors: Paul W. Sperduto, Norbert Kased, David Roberge, Zhiyuan Xu, Ryan Shanley, Xianghua Luo, Penny K. Sneed, Samuel T. Chao, Robert J. Weil, John Suh, Amit Bhatt, Ashley W. Jensen, Paul D. Brown, Helen A. Shih, John Kirkpatrick, Laurie E. Gaspar, John B. Fiveash, Veronica Chiang, Jonathan P.S. Knisely, Christina Maria Sperduto, Nancy Lin, Minesh Mehta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Our group has previously published the Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA), a prognostic index for patients with brain metastases. Updates have been published with refinements to create diagnosis-specific Graded Prognostic Assessment indices. The purpose of this report is to present the updated diagnosis-specific GPA indices in a single, unified, user-friendly report to allow ease of access and use by treating physicians.A multi-institutional retrospective (1985 to 2007) database of 3,940 patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases underwent univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors associated with outcomes by primary site and treatment. Significant prognostic factors were used to define the diagnosis-specific GPA prognostic indices. A GPA of 4.0 correlates with the best prognosis, whereas a GPA of 0.0 corresponds with the worst prognosis.Significant prognostic factors varied by diagnosis. For lung cancer, prognostic factors were Karnofsky performance score, age, presence of extracranial metastases, and number of brain metastases, confirming the original Lung-GPA. For melanoma and renal cell cancer, prognostic factors were Karnofsky performance score and the number of brain metastases. For breast cancer, prognostic factors were tumor subtype, Karnofsky performance score, and age. For GI cancer, the only prognostic factor was the Karnofsky performance score. The median survival times by GPA score and diagnosis were determined.Prognostic factors for patients with brain metastases vary by diagnosis, and for each diagnosis, a robust separation into different GPA scores was discerned, implying considerable heterogeneity in outcome, even within a single tumor type. In summary, these indices and related worksheet provide an accurate and facile diagnosis-specific tool to estimate survival, potentially select appropriate treatment, and stratify clinical trials for patients with brain metastases.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Acute Hydrocephalus, and Systemic Hypertension
Authors: Thomas H. Milhorat
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Hydrocephalus occurred as an acute complication (within four hours) of intracerebral hemorrhage in a 10-year-old girl. Following the insertion of a catheter into the cerebral ventricles, it was possible to reduce systemic hypertension and to improve the neurological condition of the patient by intermittent ventricular drainage. On the fifth day following the apoplectic event, an arteriovenous malformation of the right thalamus was surgically clipped with a satisfactory result. The following points are emphasized: acute hydrocephalus is an important and possibly common complication of intracerebral hemorrhage; in the case reported, systemic blood pressure was found to rise and fall in direct response to a rise or fall in the intraventricular pressure; and ventricular drainage was found to be useful in reducing a number of immediate complications of intracerebral hemorrhage.
Merge: Contorted architecture, distorted facts, and purported autonomy
Authors: Arthur G. Samuel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Norris, McQueen &amp; Cutler claim that Merge is an autonomous model, superior to the interactive TRACE model and the autonomous Race model. Merge is actually an interactive model, despite claims to the contrary. The presentation of the literature seriously distorts many findings, in order to advocate autonomy. It is Merge's interactivity that allows it to simulate findings in the literature.
Rifampin-induced organic brain syndrome
Authors: T. H. Pratt
Journal: JAMA (1979)

RIFAMPIN, a semisynthetic antibiotic derived from rifamycin B, is a frequently employed antituberculous agent used in conjunction with one or more other drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis. It is also recognized to be effective in eliminating meningococci from the nasopharynx of asymptomatic carriers of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>.<sup>1</sup>Rifampin acts by inhibiting DNA-dependent bacterial RNA polymerase in susceptible organisms.<sup>2</sup>The more commonly encountered side effects caused by rifampin include gastrointestinal disturbances, eg, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and heartburn. A case of acute organic brain syndrome was associated with rifampin administration in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 60-year-old man with no history of psychiatric disorders was admitted to the Veterans Administration Hospital on transfer from a local private hospital with a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis demonstrated by the presence of acid-fast bacilli on Zeihl-Neelsen stain of sputum and subsequently by culture. He had no history of
Body Habitus and Serum Cholesterol in Essential Hypertension and Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Arthur G. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The association of obesity with hypertension has been found to hold true for 414 patients with proved essential hypertension; 187 patients with renovascular hypertension are much closer to their actuarially desirable weight. We hypothesize that in obese patients who are genetically predisposed, the production of "essential" hypertension may involve a synergism between a high dietary salt and carbohydrate intake. The serum cholesterol level was found to be age-dependent but unrelated to the presence of either hypertension or obesity.
Gangrenous caecal volvulus after colonoscopy.
Authors: J R Anderson, R A Spence, B G Wilson, W A Hanna
Journal: BMJ (1983)

CorrectionVhy patients were lost from follow-up at an urban diabetic clinicWe regret that an error occurred in this paper by I N Scobie and others (15 January, p 189).The haemoglobin A, concentrations should have been expressed as %/O (of total haemoglobin) not as g/dl.
Targeted Cardiac Overexpression of A20 Improves Left Ventricular Performance and Reduces Compensatory Hypertrophy After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hong-Liang Li, Ming-Lei Zhuo, Dong Wang, Ai-Bing Wang, Hua Cai, Li-Hong Sun, Qinglin Yang, Yue Huang, Yu-Sheng Wei, Peter P. Liu, De-Pei Liu, Chih-Chuan Liang
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— A20 was originally characterized as a tumor necrosis factor–inducible gene in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. As an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB signaling, A20 protects against apoptosis, inflammation, and cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that cardiac-specific overexpression of A20 could protect the heart from myocardial infarction. Methods and Results— We investigated the role of constitutive human A20 expression in acute myocardial infarction using a transgenic model. Transgenic mice containing the human A20 gene under the control of the α-myosin heavy chain promoter were constructed. Myocardial infarction was produced by coronary ligation in A20 transgenic mice and control animals. The extent of infarction was then quantified by 2-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography and by molecular and pathological analyses of heart samples in infarct and remote heart regions 7 days after myocardial infarction. Constitutive overexpression of A20 in the murine heart resulted in attenuated infarct size and improved cardiac function 7 days after myocardial infarction. Significantly, we found a decrease in nuclear factor-κB signaling and apoptosis, as well as proinflammatory response, cardiac remodeling, and interstitial fibrosis, in noninfarct regions in the hearts of constitutive A20-expressing animals compared with control animals. Conclusions— Cardiac-specific overexpression of A20 improves cardiac function and inhibits cardiac remodeling, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis after acute myocardial infarction.
Sting of the Fire Ant (Solenopsis)
Authors: L Kundrotas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Figure 1. Sting of the Fire Ant (Solenopsis). Panel A shows the fire ant with body arched, stinging and injecting venom through the stinger (a modified ovipositor) in its distal abdomen (x30). Panel B is a scanning electron micrograph of the stinger (x90). Panel C shows the wheal-and-flare response that occurred 10 minutes after envenomation (x30); it is often accompanied by a severe burning sensation. The scale is in millimeters.
Overexpression of Tissue Transglutaminase Leads to Constitutive Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB in Cancer Cells: Delineation of a Novel Pathway
Authors: Aman P. Mann, Amit Verma, Gautam Sethi, Bramanandam Manavathi, Huamin Wang, Jansina Y. Fok, Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara, Rakesh Kumar, Bharat B. Aggarwal, Kapil Mehta
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays an important role in regulating cell growth, apoptosis, and metastatic functions. Constitutive activation of NF-κB has been observed in various cancers; however, molecular mechanisms resulting in such activation remain elusive. Based on our previous results showing that drug-resistant and metastatic cancer cells have high levels of tissue transglutaminase (TG2) expression and that this expression can confer chemoresistance to certain types of cancer cells, we hypothesized that TG2 contributes to constitutive activation of NF-κB. Numerous lines of evidence showed that overexpression of TG2 is linked with constitutive activation of NF-κB. Tumor cells with overexpression of TG2 exhibited increased levels of constitutively active NF-κB. Activation of TG2 led to activation of NF-κB; conversely, inhibition of TG2 activity inhibited activation of NF-κB. Similarly, ectopic expression of TG2 caused activation of NF-κB, and inhibition of expression of TG2 by small interfering RNA abolished the activation of NF-κB. Our results further indicated that constitutive NF-κB reporter activity in pancreatic cancer cells is not affected by dominant-negative IκBα. Additionally, coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy showed that IκBα is physically associated with TG2. Lastly, immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatic ductal carcinoma samples obtained from 61 patients further supported a strong correlation between TG2 expression and NF-κB activation/overexpression (P = 0.0098, Fisher's exact test). We conclude that TG2 induces constitutive activation of NF-κB in tumor cells via a novel pathway that is most likely independent of IκBα kinase. Therefore, TG2 may be an attractive alternate target for inhibiting constitutive NF-κB activation and rendering cancer cells sensitive to anticancer therapies. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8788-95)
Association of ESR1 Polymorphisms with Tamoxifen Response in Women with Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: M. Almeida, C. Portela, R. Nabiço, A. Ferreira, F. Pardal, S. Costa, M. Ferreira, P. Costa, M. Viana-Pereira, R. Reis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Childhood and adolescent large‐cell lymphoma (LCL): A review of the children's cancer group experience
Authors: Mitchell S. Cairo, Richard Sposto, Margo Hoover‐Regan, Anna T. Meadows, James R. Anderson, Stuart E. Siegel, Marshall E. Kadin, Carl R. Kjeldsberg, John F. Wilson, Sherrie L. Perkins, Mark A. Lones, Erin Morris, Jonathan L. Finlay
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract We reviewed the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of 67 children with localized and 212 with disseminated large‐cell lymphoma (LCL) treated during a 20‐year period in 5 consecutive Children's Cancer Group (CCG) non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) trials. Clinical outcomes for patients treated on the four earlier studies with moderate‐dose chemotherapy administered over 12–18 months were compared with patients treated most recently with short, intensive therapy. Median age at diagnosis was 12 years (range: 0–19 years). Male to female ratio was 1.8:1.0. Five‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 92% ± 3.3% and 50 ± 3.5% for patients with localized LCL and disseminated LCL, respectively. After adjustment for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), age at diagnosis, and BM involvement, short and intensive therapy as delivered on the most recent study, CCG‐5911, was associated with an improved outcome ( P &lt; 0.05) compared to the four previous studies. Elevated LDH (≥500 IU/L) at diagnosis and young age (&lt;5 years) were both significant independent predictors of poorer long‐term EFS ( P &lt; 0.05). Long‐term survival after relapse or other treatment failure was only 31% ± 4.7%. In summary, more recent shorter and intense therapy appears to be associated with superior event‐free survival for children and adolescents with disseminated LCL. Large numbers of patients treated with shorter and intense therapy are required to confirm these preliminary observations. Am. J. Hematol. 72:53–63, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis and treatment of a bronchogenic cyst using transbronchial needle aspiration.
Authors: A R Schwartz, E K Fishman, K P Wang
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Mediastinal bronchogenic cysts present problems in diagno- sis and management.' 2 A smooth, rounded appearance of the radiological shadow and proximity to central airways suggests the diagnosis.Nevertheless, recent experience with computed tomography indicates that nearly half of the le- sions studied appear to be solid in density, and even those that are fluid filled may sometimes be confused with a malignant tumour undergoing central necrosis.3Compression of vital structures by mediastinal bronchogenic cysts may cause symptoms, especially in young patients.Infection and hae- moptysis, though less frequent in mediastinal than in paren- chymal bronchogenic cysts, also occur occasionally.Surgical
Austin Gerard O'Malley
Authors: F H. Beddow
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former consultant orthopaedic surgeon Liverpool (b Wigan 1914; q Liverpool 1939; MChOrth, FRCS Ed), d 5 September 2001.

As he qualified just before the outbreak of the second world war his career was interrupted by service as a medical officer in the Royal Navy. On “demob” he returned to Liverpool to his chosen career in orthopaedic surgery and worked at various hospitals until he retired in 1979. He published papers on various orthopaedic conditions, but he will be chiefly remembered for his studies on the influence of the psoas muscle on congenital dislocation of the hip and osteoarthritis of the hip. His work led to the operation of psoas release. He leaves a wife, Iola; two sons; and two grandchildren.
Is the Recent Rise in Type 2 Diabetes Incidence From 1984 to 2007 Explained by the Trend in Increasing BMI?
Authors: Sarah L. Hardoon, Richard W. Morris, Mary C. Thomas, S. Goya Wannamethee, Lucy T. Lennon, Peter H. Whincup
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To estimate the extent to which increasing BMI may explain the rise in type 2 diabetes incidence in British men from 1984 to 2007. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A representative cohort ratio of 6,460 British men was followed-up for type 2 diabetes incidence between 1984 (aged 45–65 years) and 2007 (aged 67–89 years). BMI was ascertained at regular intervals before and during the follow-up. RESULTS Between 1984–1992 and 1999–2007, the age-adjusted hazard of type 2 diabetes more than doubled (hazard ratio 2.33 [95% CI 1.75–3.10]). Mean BMI rose by 1.42 kg/m2 (95% CI 1.10–1.74) between 1984 and 1999; this could explain 26% (95% CI 17–38) of the type 2 diabetes increase. CONCLUSIONS An appreciable portion of the rise in type 2 diabetes can be attributed to BMI changes. A substantial portion remains unexplained, possibly associated with other determinants such as physical activity. This merits further research.
The spectrin-based membrane skeleton stabilizes mouse megakaryocyte membrane systems and is essential for proplatelet and platelet formation
Authors: Sunita Patel-Hett, Hongbei Wang, Antonija J. Begonja, Jonathan N. Thon, Eva C. Alden, Nancy J. Wandersee, Xiuli An, Narla Mohandas, John H. Hartwig, Joseph E. Italiano
Journal: Blood (2011)
Racial Differences in Diabetic Nephropathy, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality in a National Population of Veterans
Authors: Bessie A. Young, Charles Maynard, Edward J. Boyko
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To determine racial differences in the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and risk of mortality in a national health care system. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A longitudinal cohort study was conducted in 429,918 veterans with diabetes. Racial minority groups were analyzed for baseline differences in prevalence of early diabetic nephropathy, diabetic end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and CVD, and longitudinal risk of mortality compared with Caucasians. RESULTS—The 429,918 patients identified with diabetes were of the following racial groups: Caucasian (56.2%), African American (15.3%), Asian (0.5%), Native American (0.4%), and unknown race (21.4%). Minority individuals were, on average, younger and less likely to have CVD but were more likely to have renal disease than Caucasians. After adjustment for age, sex, and economic status, African Americans (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.4) and Native Americans (1.5, 1.1–2.1) were more likely to have early diabetic nephropathy than Caucasians. Diabetic ESRD was more likely to be present in African Americans (1.9, 1.9–2.0), Hispanics (1.4, 1.3–1.4), Asians (1.8, 1.5–2.1), and Native Americans (1.9, 1.5–2.3) than Caucasians. Concurrently, the adjusted OR of CVD in racial minority groups was 27–49% less than in Caucasians, whereas the 18-month risk of mortality among people from most racial minority groups was 7–12% lower than in Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS—We conclude that when access to care is comparable, microvascular complications, macrovascular disease, and subsequent death occur with different frequencies among various racial groups.
1154 ROLE OF PROTEIN TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE 1B (PTP1B) ACTIVITY IN HCV-INDUCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: AN IN VITRO ANALYSIS
Authors: M. García-Valdecasas Merino, Á. Rojas, M. Romero-Gomez, J.A. del Campo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
P820 A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL TO STUDY THE EFFICACY OF COMBINATION OF PENTOXIPHYLLINE AND VITAMIN E VERSUS VITAMIN E IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: C.K. Kedarisetty, A. Bhardwaj, A.S. Bhadoria, C. Bihari, A. Rastogi, U. Kanal, S.K. Sarin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
<i>In Vivo</i> and Post Mortem Dissolution Rates of Pulmonary Emboli and Venous Thrombi in the Dog
Authors: KENNETH M. MOSER, MICHEL GUISAN, ERNEST E. BARTIMMO, ANTONIO M. LONGO, PAUL G. HARSANYI, NICHOLAS CHIORAZZI
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Post mortem and in vivo dissolution rates of freshly induced venous thromboemboli were determined in 87 dogs. In 63, fresh thrombi formed in the inferior vena cava (IVC) were embolized to the lungs. Dissolution rates were determined by comparing the embolic volume recovered at autopsy with the volume of a second (control) thrombus formed in the IVC. Embolic volume recovered at 3 hr post mortem averaged 50.2% of control. In dogs maintained alive, embolic volume fell to 48.4% of control at 3 hr. With concomitant heparinization, only 34% of control embolic volume remained at 3 hr. In 24 dogs, thrombi were formed in the jugular veins. No dissolution of these thrombi occurred up to 6 hr post mortem. When they were exposed to circulating blood in vivo , only 67.2% of control volume was recovered at 3 hr. The rapid reduction of thromboembolic volume observed appears to be due to thrombolysis via the fibrinolytic system. The prompt and substantial post mortem and in vivo reduction of embolic volume should be considered in studies dealing with the cardiopulmonary responses following embolism in experimental animals, and perhaps, in man.
Risk assessment in professional football: an examination of accidents and incidents in the 1994 World Cup finals.
Authors: R D Hawkins, C W Fuller
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

To assess the risks to footballers' health and safety during competitive international matches, with identification of the most common causes of injury.Videos of 44 of the 52 matches played during the 1994 World Cup finals staged in the USA were analysed. During each match, several relevant variables were recorded, including the number of fouls, injuries, treatments, times of incidents, identity of players treated or injured, and the injury mechanism. Additional information on players' injuries was obtained from the extensive media coverage of the event.Only 29% of injuries resulted from foul play, whereas 71% of injuries to players occurred where no foul play was adjudged by the referee to have taken place (P < 0.01). Defenders were found to be proportionately subjected to a greater risk of injury than other players (P < 0.05). Fifteen per cent of all injuries were judged to be at least moderate, resulting in the player missing at least one match. Frequency of moderate injury was 1026 injuries per 100,000 hours played.The major causes of injuries during international football matches were not found to be associated with foul play, as judged by the referees. However, in those cases where injuries occurred without a foul being committed, almost 50% involved player to player contact. This gives some cause for concern and is worth further investigation.
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of Metastatic Atypical Fibroxanthoma
Authors: Sindu Sheth, Andrew Kim, William D. Bishop, Shahram Bonyadlou, Robert Henderson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We report the F-FDG PET/CT appearance of a metastatic biopsy-proven malignant fibroxanthoma of the ankle. A 41-year-old female patient with a history of scleroderma presented with a fungating mass in the left ankle. Shave biopsy of the overlying skin showed atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX). Staging FDG PET/CT demonstrated a hypermetabolic exophytic soft tissue mass in the left ankle with local extension to bone and widespread metastatic disease including pulmonary parenchyma, nodes, bone marrow, and skeletal muscle. While rare, knowledge of the potential aggressive nature of AFX is important for accurate diagnosis.
Recurrent Bacterial Infections Associated with C3 Nephritic Factor and Hypocomplementemia
Authors: Kathryn M. Edwards, Robert Alford, Henry Gewurz, Carolyn Mold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

COMPLEMENT has a pivotal role in host defense against bacterial pathogens. Most patients with primary or acquired deficiencies of the third component of complement (C3) have recurrent bacterial infections with a variety of microorganisms.1 Patients with deficiencies of the terminal components (C5 through C9) are especially prone to repeated episodes of neisserial infection.2 , 3 Recently, we encountered a patient who had recurrent Neisseria meningitidis meningitis, normal terminal complement components, and markedly diminished plasma concentrations of C3. His evaluation led to the discovery of a circulating immunoglobulin that triggered uncontrolled C3 breakdown through activation of the alternative pathway. A similar globulin, C3 . . .
Adverse skin reaction from vitamin KI
Authors: H.M. BARNES, I. SARKANY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article Adverse skin reaction from vitamin KI Get access H.M. BARNES, H.M. BARNES Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. SARKANY I. SARKANY Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 95, Issue 6, 1 December 1976, Pages 653–656, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb07041.x Published: 01 December 1976