tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mucoadhesive liposomes for intranasal immunization with an avian influenza virus vaccine in chickens
Authors: Chwei-Jang Chiou, Li-Ping Tseng, Ming-Chung Deng, Pei-Rong Jiang, Shang-Li Tasi, Tze-Wen Chung, Yi-You Huang, Der-Zen Liu
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Ethicists express concern about influence of PR firm on flu experts
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Ethicists say it is alarming that a public relations company that was associated with an industry funded body that promotes awareness about influenza and related interventions has been providing Australian experts on flu with advice on how to respond to questions that might be asked about industry ties.

An email chain obtained by the BMJ shows that the industry funded Influenza Specialist Group (ISG) recently forwarded advice from the PR company Burson-Marsteller to more than 20 senior doctors and other healthcare leaders. 

News of the email chain comes after a recent report calling for a national review of the perceived conflicts of interest of advisers on vaccination, in the wake of an investigation into adverse events among Australian children who were vaccinated against seasonal flu ( BMJ 2010;341:c4470, 16 Aug, doi:10.1136/bmj.c4470). 

It comes amid ongoing controversy about the flu vaccines of the biopharmaceutical company …
Simulation of Electrocardiogram of Apicolateral Myocardial Infarction by Myocardial Destructive Lesions of Obscure Etiology (Myocardiopathy)
Authors: R. D. PRUITT, G. W. CURD, ROBERT LEACHMAN
Journal: Circulation (1962)

A myocardial destructive process unrelated to occlusive coronary arterial disease has been documented at necropsy in two patients aged 37 years and 23 years at the time of death. In the third patient, 25 years of age, electrocardiographic findings of a transmural lesion of the apicolateral wall of the left ventricle existed in the absence of evidence of impaired myocardial reserve. The nature of myocardial destruction encountered in cases 1 and 2 is compared with that in the case of parchment heart described initially by Osler. The theoretic implications of total loss of R waves in semidirect leads overlying a region of epicardial destruction are noted.
Acute Cholecystitis and Thiazides
Authors: Jane B. Porter, Hershel Tick, Barbara J. Dinan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THE report by Rosenberg et al. of a positive association between thiazide use and acute cholecystitis1 prompted us to review the results of a closely similar, large-scale survey study carried out by the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program (BCDSP) in 1972. We had noted no material association between thiazide use and surgically treated gall-bladder disease during a previous, detailed evaluation of the BCDSP data for drug associations with the disease (Jick H. Unpublished data). The observations on estrogen use in the BCDSP study have been published.2 , 3 Our previous evaluation considered patients with cholelithiasis alone, as well as those with cholecystitis . . .
A CASE OF COLLAPSED MEMBRANAe TYMPANORUM
Authors: T. Westropp
Journal: BMJ (1855)

m tok ,in thel abnce of all other proof, that the.poison may vwy possibly have a fungoid origin; but I must con- fes that I have no proofs to adduce on this matter.It is, however, evident that no really tenable hypothesis has been advanced, adequately supported by demonstration, to explain the causes and effects of these most distressing Cse.
Smokers are misled about low tar cigarettes
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Low tar cigarettes are not a healthier option than regular brands, primarily because of the way they are smoked.

This finding comes in a survey published in Tobacco Control (1996;5:265-70). The researchers claim that the tobacco industry has deliberately failed to inform people of the problem. Up to 40% of the 600 adult smokers surveyed across the United States had neither seen nor heard about the filter vents on …
NERVE CELL INJURY IN CASES OF HUMAN ELECTROCUTION
Authors: ORTHELLO R. LANGWORTHY
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The application of continuous or alternating electric circuits at different potentials (110 to 1,000 volts) to rats produces demonstrable injury of the nerve cells of the brain and cord.<sup>1</sup>The initial changes, observed in sections stained with basic dyes, consist of alterations of the Nissl substance in the cytoplasm. More severe injury produces marked shrinkage of the nucleus, which stains a uniform dark color, so that nucleolus and chromatin granules may no longer be discerned. It is thought that cells with such marked changes in the nucleus no longer have the potentialities of recovery. The nerve cell injury is diffuse and occurs in the centers in the medulla controlling respiration. If the injury is minimal, it may be predicted that only a temporary respiratory block will be produced,<sup>2</sup>and the use of artificial respiration will permit the cells to recover, so that breathing may be resumed. If the
SHOULD ALCOHOL BE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE?
Authors: H. D. DIDAMA
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>[ABSTRACT.]</h3> After showing that: 1, alcohol is not a food; 2, does not promote digestion; 3, does cause gastric disturbances; 4, alcohol does not increase muscular strength nor promote physical or mental endurance, Dr. Didama continued: Observation in by-gone days and accurate recent experiments seem to establish these statements beyond successful contradiction. It is true that, from the time when the patriarch Noah indulged in the fermented juice of grapes which grew in his own vineyard, down to the latest newspaper advertisement, tradition has claimed that wine—alcoholic wine—not only makes glad the heart of man, but gives strength to the weary and heavy-laden, endurance to the sons of toil, consolation and joy to the broken-hearted; and brilliancy to the sluggish intellect. But the testimony of army officers, of insurance companies, railroad corporations, Arctic explorers, and even football and other fighters, is practically unanimous that total abstainers bear extremes of heat
Comparison of Lomefloxacin and Cotrimoxazole in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: T.J. Louie, L. Nicolle, J. Dubois, A. Martel, C. Sinave, N. Townell, M. DeLuna, G. Scott, M. Micoud, Y. Mouton, D.F. Badenock
Journal: Drugs (1993)
Doctors as Patients
Authors: Tessa Richards
Journal: BMJ (2005)

D octors don't like being on the “wrong” side of the doctor-patient divide. Faced with this prospect their objectivity often crumbles. Some reach for recherché diagnoses at the first hint of illness; many more ignore or downplay their health problems. Ed Petre Jones Radcliffe, £24.95, pp 216 ISBN 1 85775 887 0 www.radcliffe-oxford.com Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> When help is sought it is often late. Not least, perhaps, because of the bizarre notion that illness is a patient's prerogative and falling prey to it an admission of weakness. Knowledge of how the health system works, coupled with a … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Abstract 4191: Thymidylate synthase accelerates development of pituitary tumors in Men1 knockout mice
Authors: Hye Seung Lee, Min Chen, Jin Hyeok Hwang, Sami Sarfaraz, Giuseppe Giaccone, Maria Zajac-Kaye
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme for DNA biosynthesis during cellular proliferation. Studies from our laboratory have demonstrated oncogenic activity of TS in mammalian cells (Cancer Cell, 5 p341, 2004) and in transgenic mice that overexpress human TS (hTS) (Oncogene v26 p4814, 2007). To investigate the in vivo role of TS in pituitary tumorigenesis, we crossed hTS transgenic mice with conditional Men1 knockout mice. We found that overexpression of hTS in fMen1−/− mice significantly decreased the age of onset and increased the incidence of pituitary tumors. fMen1−/−hTS mice developed adenoma and carcinoma as early as 6 and 7 month respectively, while the development of these tumor was not observed in fMen1−/− mice until after 8 month of age. By 8 months of age, 12.1% fMen1−/−hTS mice developed adenoma while no adenoma was observed in fMen1−/− mice. At 10 month of age, progression of pituitary adenoma to carcinoma occurred with higher incidence (51.6%) in fMen1−/−hTS as compared to fMen1−/− mice (18.2%) (p=0.013). Using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting analysis we confirmed expression of ectopic hTS protein in pituitary tumors of fMen1−/−hTS mice. Our results demonstrated that TS enhances the development and progression of pituitary tumors and suggested that this transgenic model can be use to study the in vivo consequences of elevated hTS on DNA stability, to test how this relates to tumorigenesis, and to improve the use of hTS as a biomarker and therapeutic target. The impact of this work is that it would show that elevated hTS is playing an active role in promoting tumor cell proliferation and is not a simply a passive target for chemotherapy agents to induce cellular toxicity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4191.
Immunosuppressive Drugs in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: WALLACE V. EPSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 April 1976Immunosuppressive Drugs in Lupus NephritisWALLACE V. EPSTEIN, M.D., F.A.C.P., MARTIN A. SHEARN, M.D., F.A.C.P.WALLACE V. EPSTEIN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, MARTIN A. SHEARN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-4-492 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Two papers (1, 2) and an editorial (3) in the November 1975 issue leave an impression that immunosuppressive drugs offer little more than prednisone in the management of the nephropathy of systemic lupus erythematosus. The reputation of these agents is further impugned by their recorded toxic effects including emergence of infections, alopecia, germ cell suppression, and severe bladder complications.Analysis of the papers reveals that Hahn, Kantor, and Osterland (1) include only six patients with biopsy-proved diffuse glomerulonephritis in each of the two treatment groups. The remainder of the patients had focal glomerulitis, regarded by most authors...References1. HAHNKANTOROSTERLAND BOC: Azathioprine plus prednisone compared with prednisone alone in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of a prospective controlled trial in 24 patients. Ann Intern Med 83:597-605, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar2. DECKERKLIPPELPLOTZ JJP: Cyclophosphamide or azathioprine in lupus glomerulonephritis. A controlled trial: results at 28 months. Ann Intern Med 83:606-615, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar3. ROTHFIELD N: Immunosuppressive therapy in lupus erythematosus (editorial). Ann Intern Med 83:727-728, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar4. ROTHFIELDMCCLUSKEYBALDWIN NRD: Renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 269:537-544, 1963 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. EPSTEINGRAUSZ WH: Favorable outcome in diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 17:129-141, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. CHEATUMHURDSTRUNK DEF: Renal histology and clinical course of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 16:670-676, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine University of California School of Medicine San Francisco, California 94143 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1976Volume 84, Issue 4Page: 492-493KeywordsBladderDrugsGerm cellsGlomerulonephritisImmunosuppressivesLupus erythematosusLupus nephritis Issue Published: 1 April 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Quality improvement report: Effect of a multifaceted approach to detecting and managing depression in primary care
Authors: J. Scott
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Need to improve the detection and management of depression in primary care.Prospective, before and after study of changes in detection and management following attempts to introduce a chronic disease management approach.Two representative general practices in the north east of England that differed markedly in resources available and populations served. KEY MEASURES OF IMPROVEMENT: Number of cases on a depression register, number of cases accurately diagnosed, adherence to own clinical management guidelines.Multifaceted intervention to meet the needs of each practice modified by in-house steering group, including resources to develop a case register, an education and training programme on detection and management agreed by consensus, facilitation of meetings with secondary care staff, and support in developing a practice guideline.Practice A (with six partners and serving a predominantly affluent white British population) improved case detection rate by 23%, reduced prescribing of sub-therapeutic doses of antidepressants by 36%, and adhered to the preferred treatment regimens. At Practice B (with three partners and two surgeries located in deprived urban inner city areas with high levels of unemployment and large ethnic minority populations) improvement in the sensitivity of case detection was accompanied by a reduction in specificity. The practice did not reach consensus on its own guideline and was unable to sustain the model.A simple practice based approach improved the detection and management of depression in a team familiar with the philosophy of chronic disease management, with the capacity to commit to the programme, and with a critical mass of team members being open to change. This model failed to affect depression management when staff engagement with the project was passive rather than active and the practice was less well resourced and served an economically deprived and ethnically diverse population.
Relationship between airway ion transport and a mild pulmonary disease mutation in CFTR.
Authors: L C Walker, C J Venglarik, G Aubin, M R Weatherly, N A McCarty, B Lesnick, F Ruiz, J P Clancy, E J Sorscher
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) display defects in airway ion transport, but the influence of airway transport phenotype on improved prognosis is not known. We studied airway bioelectric properties in five CF patients with the rare A455E mutation that is associated with mild pulmonary disease. We also evaluated five patients possessing premature truncation mutations (G542X and R553X) for which an association with mild pulmonary disease has not been as well established. We found no evidence in vivo that a mild lung disease mutation in the CF transmembrane regulator gene (CFTR) led to correction or partial correction of: (1) unstimulated Cl- secretion; (2) beta-agonist-activated Cl- secretion; (3) basal sodium reabsorption; or (4) amiloride-sensitive airway sodium transport. Early phase therapeutic trials in CF, including human gene transfer trials, rely heavily on improvements in airway potential difference to identify promising interventions and an improved prognosis. Based on our findings in a naturally occurring group of CF patients with an improved pulmonary prognosis (A455E), one can argue that marked clinical benefit might be possible without any improvement whatsoever in airway bioelectric phenotype. Moreover, if genetic modifiers exist that influence the severity of a particular CFTR mutation (e.g., A455E), these may be independent of human airway Cl-secretion in vivo, since we detected minimal Cl--secretory responses in patients with A455E.
Raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate signals heart failure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: H Maradit-Kremers, P J Nicola, C S Crowson, K V Ballman, S J Jacobsen, V L Roger, S E Gabriel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Inflammatory markers are associated with heart failure. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have twice the risk of heart failure compared with people without rheumatoid arthritis. <b>Objective:</b> To assess whether heart failure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is preceded by an inflammatory activation as shown by erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a systemic marker of inflammation. <b>Methods:</b> A population-based inception cohort of 575 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, free of heart failure at their rheumatoid arthritis incidence date, was followed up longitudinally until death or 2001. During 15 years of follow-up, they had a median of 15 ESR tests, and 172 patients had new-onset heart failure (Framingham Heart Study criteria). The follow-up period, beginning with the rheumatoid arthritis incidence date and ending with date of the last follow-up, was divided into 6-month intervals. The proportions of patients with at least one ESR value ⩾40 mm/h and with anaemia (haemoglobin &lt;11 g/dl) within each 6-month interval were plotted against time from fulfilment of heart failure criteria. A binomial test was used to compare proportions. <b>Results:</b> In patients with rheumatoid arthritis who developed heart failure, the proportion with ESR ⩾40 mm/h was highest (23%) during the 6-month period immediately preceding the new-onset heart failure, as compared with the average ESR during the entire remaining follow-up period, both before and after heart failure (10.6%; p&lt;0.01). The proportion of patients with anaemia peaked (54%) during the 6-month period after heart failure. <b>Conclusions:</b> Inflammatory stimuli may be involved in the initiation of heart failure among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The Carcinoid Syndrome
Authors: Paul N. Maton
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A WOMAN was well until the age of 54 years when she developed asthma, which was treated with albuterol and steroids. Two years later she noticed intermittent diarrhea and flushing. When first seen, five years after the onset of asthma, she gave a history of flushing of the upper part of her body, a 4.5-kg weight loss, and diarrhea. On examination at that time, she had an enlarged, irregular liver, a prominent flush over the upper half of the body, and a scaly erythematous rash on the face and hands that proved to be pellagra. The venous pressure was elevated 2 cm above the clavicle, and there was a third heart sound. Investigations showed an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level of 180 U/L (normal level, &lt;124 U/L) with normal levels of bilirubin and transaminases. Fecal fats were 9 g/d (normal amount, &lt;7 g/d), and the concentration of 24-hour
Recent Therapeutic Trends in Allergy
Authors: Walter S. Burrage
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

TWO topics of current interest in allergy are considered in this study: the present status of histamine, with particular reference to the new antihistaminic drugs; and the role of inhalation therapy, including the aerosols.It would be satisfactory to be able to report that recent advances in allergy have made clear an understanding of the fundamental characteristics of the allergic state. It is true that investigators are gradually learning more about the trigger mechanism that sets off the explosion, but unfortunately they are still ignorant of the nature of the charge with which the allergic gun is loaded. The chief . . .
Cautery Hazard in the Operating Room
Authors: Jack A. Young
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Physicians working in the operating room should be cognizant of a potential hazard regarding the use of cautery and conductive suction tubing. During a head and neck procedure the cautery tip was inadvertently placed upon the plastic suction tubing. The surgeon had his foot on the operating pedal and the ensuing current traveled down the conductive portion of the suction sterile tubing to the point of junction with the nonsterile portion. This particular part of the connection was resting against the patient's hand. The anesthesiologist was suddenly aware of a spark which resulted in a superficial skin burn to the patient's hand. The incident turned out to be trivial but the potential hazard is immense. We strongly urge that precautions be taken to insure that there is no contact between the patient and conductive tubing of any type when electrocautery is used.
Transduction of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Foamy Virus Vectors
Authors: Helen Gharwan, Roli K Hirata, Peirong Wang, Robert E Richard, Linlin Wang, Erik Olson, James Allen, Carol B Ware, David W Russell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are important tools for the study of stem cell biology and may ultimately be used in cellular therapies and regenerative medicine. For hESCs to achieve their potential, stable genetic modification of the hESC genome will be required. Here we have studied the transduction of hESCs by vectors based on foamy virus (FV), an integrating retrovirus with no known pathogenicity. We find that hESCs and also ESCs derived from rhesus monkeys can be efficiently transduced by FV vectors at frequencies of 14–48%. Integration of FV vector DNA was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis, and stable expression was observed from a single integrated provirus in several clones. Transduced hESCs expressed markers characteristic of undifferentiated cells, differentiated and expressed markers from all three germ layers after serum exposure, and formed teratomas with persistent transgene expression in differentiated cells. Thus, FV vectors are promising tools for the genetic modification of hESCs. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are important tools for the study of stem cell biology and may ultimately be used in cellular therapies and regenerative medicine. For hESCs to achieve their potential, stable genetic modification of the hESC genome will be required. Here we have studied the transduction of hESCs by vectors based on foamy virus (FV), an integrating retrovirus with no known pathogenicity. We find that hESCs and also ESCs derived from rhesus monkeys can be efficiently transduced by FV vectors at frequencies of 14–48%. Integration of FV vector DNA was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis, and stable expression was observed from a single integrated provirus in several clones. Transduced hESCs expressed markers characteristic of undifferentiated cells, differentiated and expressed markers from all three germ layers after serum exposure, and formed teratomas with persistent transgene expression in differentiated cells. Thus, FV vectors are promising tools for the genetic modification of hESCs.
Renal Glycosuria and Retinopathy
Authors: Edwin N. Beery
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Reference is made to your editorial on page 521 and Dr. Bushey's article on page 526 of<i>JAMA</i>vol. 175, Oct. 1, 1960. I do ophthalmology and all too frequently am confronted by the problem at the other end of the renal threshold, namely, the elderly diabetic who is on oral agents or insulin or "just diet" and who never shows sugar in the urine. Patient and physician are lulled along while the retinopathy develops or progresses. Many times the suggestion of having a glucose tolerance test performed is ignored, so I have concluded that it is in the best interest of the patient that I project myself into the situation. I order the tolerance test and frequently also a post-prandial blood sugar determination to show the effectiveness of control, and I request the laboratory to send duplicate reports to the personal physician. The patient is instructed to