tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reversible Inhibition of Testicular Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis by a Potent Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist in Normal Men
Authors: Randy Linde, Gregory C. Doelle, Nancye Alexander, Fred Kirchner, Wylie Vale, Jean Rivier, David Rabin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

We studied the antifertility effects of a potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, D-Trp6-Pro9-N-ethylamide-LHRH (LHRHA) in eight normal men, who received daily subcutaneous injections for six to 10 weeks. Plasma testosterone levels fell substantially in all eight. Plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone and serum estradiol-17β levels decreased concordantly with plasma testosterone. Impotence developed in five men between the sixth and seventh weeks of treatment, with resolution in each case within two weeks of stopping treatment. Serum gonadotropin levels also fell during treatment, briefly rebounding above basal levels when therapy ended. Sperm density and motility fell to a nadir during the seventh to 18th week after therapy. In six subjects sperm levels fell to 6X106 sperm per milliliter or less, and in the other two they decreased 70 and 86 per cent below basal mean values. Sperm density returned to pretreatment levels in all men during the 10-to-14-week recovery period. These results are consistent with LHRHA-induced pituitary "desensitization" but do not exclude a direct inhibitory effect of LHRHA on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 305:663–7.)
Image-Based Chemical Screening Identifies Drug Efflux Inhibitors in Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Xiaofeng Xia, Jian Yang, Fuhai Li, Ying Li, Xiaobo Zhou, Yue Dai, Stephen T.C. Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Cancer cells with active drug efflux capability are multidrug resistant and pose a significant obstacle for the efficacy of chemotherapy. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that high drug efflux cancer cells (HDECC) may be selectively enriched with stem-like cancer cells, which are believed to be the cause for tumor initiation and recurrence. There is a great need for therapeutic reagents that are capable of eliminating HDECCs. We developed an image-based high-content screening (HCS) system to specifically identify and analyze the HDECC population in lung cancer cells. Using the system, we screened 1,280 pharmacologically active compounds that identified 12 potent HDECC inhibitors. It is shown that these inhibitors are able to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) and sensitize HDECCs to chemotherapeutic drugs, or directly reduce the tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells possibly by affecting stem-like cancer cells. The HCS system we established provides a new approach for identifying therapeutic reagents overcoming MDR. The compounds identified by the screening may potentially be used as potential adjuvant to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs.
Daily Chlorhexidine Bathing for Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Didier Pittet, Derek C. Angus
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chagas' Disease
Authors: F. S. LARANJA, E. DIAS, G. NOBREGA, A. MIRANDA
Journal: Circulation (1956)

A study of the most important clinical and pathologic aspects of Chagas' disease has been presented, on the basis of the analysis of 180 cases of acute infection (11 with autopsy), 657 cases of chronic asymptomatic infection, and 683 cases of chronic Chagas' heart disease (21 autopsied cases with Schizotrypanum cruzi in myocardium).
MET-Mediated Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors: An Old Liaison Rooted in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Carla Boccaccio, Paolo Luraghi, Paolo M. Comoglio
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Inhibitors of EGFR are currently approved for the therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer (as well as other tumors), but their benefits are limited by inherent and acquired resistance, whose mechanisms are the subject of intense investigation. It is known that such resistance relies on a handful of genetic lesions and/or extracellular signals bypassing the requirement of EGF for cell proliferation and survival. As recently shown, these mechanisms may imply oncogenic activation of MET or its stimulation by the ligand hepatocyte growth factor. However, it is still largely obscure if sensitivity or resistance to EGFR inhibitors operates in cancer stem cells. Convincing evidence indicates that this elusive cell subpopulation is present at the roots of colorectal cancer. Conceivably, cancer stem cells accumulate the genetic lesions driving tumor onset and progression, as well as the genetic determinants of sensitivity or resistance to conventional and targeted therapies. Recent studies enlighten the expression of functional EGFR and MET in colorectal cancer stem cells and the outcome of their inhibition. Evidence is provided that, in patients sensitive to EGFR therapy, association of MET inhibitors fosters cancer stem cell eradication and durable tumor regression.
Ananhvlaxis to subcutaneous neutral motarnine Hagedorn insulin with simultaneous knsitization to protamine and insulin
Authors: C. Blanco, R. Castillo, J. Quiralte, J. Delgado, I. García, P. de Pablos, T. Carrillo
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Blanco C, Castillo R, Quiralte J, Delgado J, García I, de Pablos P, Carrillo T. Anaphylaxis to subcutaneous neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin with simultaneous sensitization to protamine and insulin. We report an insulin‐treated diabetic patient who suffered, in a 2‐month period, three severe anaphylactic reactions immediately after self‐administered subcutaneous injections of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) human recombinant‐DNA insulin. These reactions consisted of local and systemic symptoms, including dyspnea and hypotension. A simultaneous sensitization to human insulin and to protamine was demonstrated, both by skin tests and by the determination of serum specific IgE. Suspecting protamine allergy, we performed a test dose to human lente insulin with perfect tolerance. After a 1 ‐year follow‐up with lente‐insulin treatment, no reactions have occurred, despite treatment interruptions. Therefore, protamine IgE‐mediated allergy probably caused our patient's reactions. In conclusion, protamine sensitization should be ruled out in any patient with a history of reactions to subcutaneous protamine‐containing insulins, even if insulin sensitization is present.
Coronary Artery Screening by Electron Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Nathan D. Wong, Robert C. Detrano, David Abrahamson, Jonathan M. Tobis, Julius M. Gardin
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Coronary calcium as detected by electron beam computed tomography always signifies at least some atherosclerosis, appears to be correlated with coronary risk factors, cardiac history, and overall angiographic severity of disease, but is inconsistently related to degree of atherosclerotic lesion stenosis in a given artery. Increasing evidence, however, suggests an association between coronary artery calcium, atherosclerosis, and coronary risk. But atherosclerosis is a very common condition, its prevalence increasing with age. No fully validated method for determining the quantity of coronary calcium is available, and we do not know whether the amount of calcium is a consistently accurate reflection of the amount of atherosclerosis or whether the amount of atherosclerosis reflects the degree of risk. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of coronary calcium in any given atherosclerotic lesion is not yet established. What is clear from cohort studies, however, is that at least three quarters of asymptomatic individuals, at least half of whom would have "positive" coronary calcium electron beam computed tomographic scans, will live for at least 10 years without cardiac problems of any kind. Investigation is needed to determine whether medical intervention may impact the clinical outcome of the rest of those identified with a positive scan but destined to suffer future clinical events. Despite lack of validation, this test has widespread appeal, both to the public as a means of being able to find out the condition of their coronary arteries "without injections or dye" and to hospitals and private medical groups who view this both as an innovation in cardiovascular diagnosis and as a potentially profitable diagnostic procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparison of community based service with hospital based service for people with acute, severe psychiatric illness.
Authors: C Dean, J Phillips, E M Gadd, M Joseph, S England
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To compare the burden on relatives and outcome of people treated for severe acute psychiatric illness by a community service and a traditional hospital based service.Follow up of patients aged 16-65 who required admission to hospital or home treatment for psychiatric illness during January 1990 to February 1991.Two Birmingham electoral wards, Sparkbrook and Small Heath; Sparkbrook has a community based service and Small Heath a traditional hospital based service.69 patients from Sparkbrook and 55 from Small Health.Scores on present state examination, social behaviour assessment schedule, and general health questionnaire.24 (35%) of Sparkbrook patients received some treatment in hospital during the initial episodes. Relatives of Sparkbrook patients were less distressed by their burden at the initial assessment than relatives of Small Health patients (mean score 0.11 v 0.29, p < 0.01). Relatives were also more satisfied with the support they received and the treatment received by patients. More patients from Sparkbrook than Small Health were in contact with a psychiatrist (81% (95% confidence interval 71% to 91%) v 62% (44% to 68%)) and community nurse (56% (44% to 68%) v 14% (13% to 24%)) one year after the initial episode. Sparkbrook patients spent significantly fewer days in hospital during the initial episode (8 days v 59 days) and the first year (20.6 v 67.9 days).The community based service is as effective as the hospital based service and is preferred by relatives. It is more effective in keeping people in long term contact with psychiatrists.
The Effect of Calcium and Other Salts upon the Release of Glucagon-Like Immunoreactivity from the Gut
Authors: Ingolf Böttger, Gerald R. Faloona, Roger H. Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

It has been suggested that glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) of gastrointestinal tissues might, like pancreatic glucagon, have calcium-lowering activity. Studies were designed, therefore, to determine if calcium absorption was associated with GLI release from the gut. The intraduodenal administration of 4.5 mmoles of calcium chloride per kg of body weight to conscious dogs was associated with a prompt rise in plasma GLI from a base line of 2.2 ng/ml (SEM +/-0.2) to a peak of 4.3 ng/ml (SEM +/-0.3) at 45 and 60 min, in association with a rise of plasma calcium from 8.6 to 10.4 mg/100 ml. Neither pancreatic glucagon, insulin, nor glucose changed. Smaller calcium loads had progressively diminishing effects on GLI release. Calcium lactate also appeared to stimulate effectively GLI release. Both magnesium chloride and sodium chloride given intraduodenally were associated with a significant though modest increase in GLI. To determine if stimulation of GLI release by substances other than calcium would lower serum calcium, glucose was administered intraduodenally. Despite a marked increase in GLI, plasma calcium fell only 9%, a decline which could be entirely accounted for by hemodilution. Although the physiologic significance of this demonstration that the absorption of calcium salts is associated with GLI release is open to serious question, the findings are not incompatible with the concept that glucagon-like polypeptides are released from the gut during the absorption of certain salts, possibly to alert appropriate homeostatic regulators so as to avoid major changes in electrolyte concentration after the ingestion of large salt loads.
Serum Pepsinogen I, Pepsinogen II, and Gastrin 17 in Relatives of Gastric Cancer Patients: Comparative Study With Type and Severity of Gastritis
Authors: Arghavan Haj–sheykholeslami, Naser Rakhshani, Aliakbar Amirzargar, Reza Rafiee, S. Mehdi Shahidi, Behrouz Nikbin, Farideh Khosravi, Sadegh Massarrat
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
Letter: Late talkers.
Authors: E Jaffa
Journal: BMJ (1975)

that on the figures given "the acute myo- ca,rdial inifarction mortality appeared to be twice as high in the beta-blocked patients as in the control group."The further infomiation swplied by Dr. Oram and his colleagues on the two-year survival of 35 of the trial patients on tolamolol is encouraging but irrelevant to the present argument as they are a preselected group.
Translational control of the activation of transcription factor NF-κB and production of type I interferon by phosphorylation of the translation factor eIF4E
Authors: Barbara Herdy, Maritza Jaramillo, Yuri V Svitkin, Amy B Rosenfeld, Mariko Kobayashi, Derek Walsh, Tommy Alain, Polen Sean, Nathaniel Robichaud, Ivan Topisirovic, Luc Furic, Ryan J O Dowling, Annie Sylvestre, Liwei Rong, Rodney Colina, Mauro Costa-Mattioli, Jörg H Fritz, Martin Olivier, Earl Brown, Ian Mohr, Nahum Sonenberg
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
Improved Discrimination of Benign and Malignant Lesions on FDG PET/CT, Using Comparative Activity Ratios to Brain, Basal Ganglia, or Cerebellum
Authors: Scott H. Britz-Cunningham, John W. Millstine, Victor H. Gerbaudo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

This study demonstrates a simple background correction method, which improves the discrimination of benign from malignant lesions on FDG PET-CT imaging, using activity ratios compared with brain, basal ganglia, or cerebellum.Standardized uptake values (SUVs) and comparative activity ratios (CARs) were determined for FDG uptake in 92 lesions (39 benign and 53 malignant) in 49 patients. Reference tissues included cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, lung, liver, and aortic blood pool. Discriminant power for each CAR was evaluated as malignant-to-benign ratio of mean uptake and ratio of intermediate-likelihood lesions to total number of lesions.Uncorrected SUV varied widely for malignant and benign lesions, with considerable overlap. Ratio of mean uptake for malignant lesions versus benign lesions was lowest for uncorrected SUVAVG and SUVAVG/liver (1.92), and highest for SUVMAX/cerebral cortex (3.52). Lesions could be separated into very high (> 90%), very low (< 10%), and intermediate (> or = 10% and < or = 90%) likelihood of malignancy. The ratio of intermediate-likelihood lesions to the total number of lesions was greatest for SUVAVG (0.42) and lowest for SUVMAX/basal ganglia (0.22).Ability to discriminate malignant from benign lesions was enhanced by using CARs derived from cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, or cerebellum. Using a 3-tiered diagnostic schema, most lesions could be assigned to categories of very high or very low likelihood of malignancy, with a significant reduction in indeterminant lesions, compared with uncorrected SUV.
Case of Myxoedema Developing during p-Aminosalicylic Acid Therapy
Authors: G. M. Komrower
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Further Progress in Treatment Up to the end of 1949 68 additional cases had been collected.These were treated in separate hospitals and there were variations in details of treatment, but 19 cases had penicillin injections of 300,000 units once daily, only two of them failing to return to normal.These two proved to be tuberculous tympano-mastoiditis, and required streptomycin and operation.It does seem, then, that the injection of 300,000 units of penicillin once daily, using the appropriate preparation, is adequate.Among the 118 cases, there were 59 in which fluctuation was absent, and in all these resolution to normality was complete without any surgical interven- tion.In the remaining 59 fluctuation was present, and in 38 incision of the post-aural abscess was required in the remaining 21 absorption of the abscess occurred naturally.OQly three cases required mastoidectomy, and one of these was a tuberculous infection.It is to be noted that the Hospital for Sick Children, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, admitted about 20 cases. of acute mastoiditis in each of the years 1947, 1948, and 1949, and that there were only four cases during 1950.Probably this is to some extent due to the freer use of penicillin by the general practitioner now that it need be given only once daily.
The Sacral Tubercle???A Cause for Hot Spots on Bone Scan
Authors: LYNNE BLEI, ROQUE A. CANO, A ERIC JONES, GERALD S. JOHNSTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Colon carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, malignant melanoma and liver metastases detected on bone imaging have been reported with different bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals. This report is concerned with an interesting case of oat cell carcinoma with hepatic metatases visualized on 99mTc-diphosphonate bone imaging. This has not been previously reported.
Health in Colleges
Authors: Dana L. Farnsworth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

It has been nearly a century since a college president publicly stated and recorded his concern over the special problems centering around health in colleges. President William A. Stearns, of Amherst College, in 1856, declared that, "The breaking down of the health of the students, especially in the spring of the year, which is exceedingly common, involves the necessity of leaving college in many instances, and crippling the energies and destroying the prospects of not a few who remain, is in my opinion wholly unnecessary if proper measures could be taken to prevent it."1 What those proper measures are and . . .
TOXIN-ANTITOXIN REACTION WITHOUT NEUTRALIZATION
Authors: Jules Freund
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

1. Collodion particles adsorb diphtheria or tetanus or botulinus toxins. These toxins are retained on the particles when washed but are at least in part released in the animal. 2. The adsorbed toxins are neutralized by adsorption of the corresponding antitoxins but are unaffected by other serums. 3. When collodion particles are treated first with tetanus antitoxin, then with diphtheria toxin, they are not toxic, but they become toxic when they are treated first with diphtheria antitoxin, then with the diphtheria toxin. Similarly when collodion particles are treated first with diphtheria antitoxin and then with tetanus toxin, they do not become toxic, but they become toxic when they are treated with tetanus antitoxin and tetanus toxin.
Abstract 5645: Lentiviral-mediated cell-specific RNA interference in regulatory T cells
Authors: William L. Byrne, Patrick Forde, Gerald O'Sullivan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Regulatory T cells (TRegs) constrain anti-tumour immunity and remain the most significant obstacle to successful immunotherapy of cancer. The immunosuppressive influence of these cells can be abrogated by depletion strategies, modulation of T cell plasticity and inhibition of function or migration. A novel and attractive strategy for inhibiting TReg function is RNA interference directed against their crucial transcription factor, FOXP3. RNA interference (RNAi) is still in its infancy as a therapeutic modality but holds great promise in terms of specificity and potency. Foremost within the TReg microRNA signature is micro-RNA 31 (miR-31) which specifically silences FOXP3, abolishing the suppressor capability of these cells. Translation of this promising therapeutic into the clinic hinges on surmounting an obstacle common to all gene therapy strategies - delivery. Cognisant of the dangers of off-target effects, our aim was to mediate cell-specific delivery of RNA interference. This would greatly enhance the clinical utility of this treatment modality. To achieve this objective we used a lentiviral vector, pseudotyped with mutated measles virus glycoproteins bearing an antibody single chain fragment variable. This strategy circumvents the native tropism of the measles virus potentially allowing for cell-specific RNA interference. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5645. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5645
P29 Acute Respiratory Assessment Service (ARAS): A New Nurse-Led Service Managing Patients with Acute Respiratory Conditions in Secondary and Primary Care
Authors: A Prakash, S Win, J Thompson, H Cummings, A Bell, JA Kastelik, JB Morjaria
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Acute respiratory disorders are a huge burden to acute medical services in any healthcare system. Our institution has two large teaching hospitals providing care to a population of over 600,000 people; a mixture of inner city and rural areas. <h3>Aim</h3> A retrospective review of outcomes of a new nurse-led specialist respiratory assessment service supported by respiratory consultants for the management of acutely unwell respiratory patients. <h3>Methods</h3> We developed the ARAS team consisting of 3 specialist respiratory nurses supervised by 2 consultant respiratory physicians. The ARAS team reviewed all acute respiratory admissions, twice daily, to the acute medical specialist unit. They assessed in-patients on medical wards and intensive care, and provided early community discharge reviews. The ARAS team worked with community-based respiratory, oxygen, dietician and smoking cessation services. <h3>Results</h3> Over 9 months (November 2010 to July 2011), a total of 813 patients were managed through ARAS; 446 (54.9%) COPD, 77 (9.5%) asthma, 111 (13.7%) pneumonia, 90 (11.1%) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), and 89 (10.9%) with other respiratory conditions. More than half (52.4%) of the patients admitted were discharged within 96 hours. There were 254 (31.2%) patients who had supported discharges, of which 153 (60.2%) were discharged within 96 hours. Early supported discharges (&lt;96 hours) were mainly for patients with COPD (124 (81.0%)) and asthma (23 (15.0%)). The 30-day readmissions were 122 (15% of total), of which 10.2% and &lt;1% of all ARAS-reviewed patients had COPD and asthma, respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A dedicated specialist service provides high standard of care for patients with acute respiratory disorders and a link between the acute hospital and community services resulting in a reduced length of hospital stay with reasonably low re-admission rates in an area in the UK with high prevalence of respiratory disorders.
In England now
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In his daily school run slot throughout May and June, a radio disc jockey dedicated tune after tune to the million or so unfortunate students taking examinations. This month, the line has changed. “And let's all spare a thought for poor Fred B, chief examiner for the Open University module X, who has 462 papers to get through by next Monday morning. And for Charlie Y, schoolteacher, marking 1500 scripts in GCSE Latin. Here's some Mozart to keep …