tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autoradiographic localization of beta-adrenergic receptors in human large coronary arteries.
Authors: F Amenta, L Coppola, P Gallo, F Ferrante, A Forlani, A Monopoli, P Napoleone
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The distribution of beta-adrenergic receptors in sections of the human right and left coronary arteries and of the anterior intraventricular branch was studied by the use of combined in vitro radioreceptor binding and autoradiographic techniques. [125I]Cyanopindolol was used as a ligand for beta-adrenergic receptors. Binding of the radioligand to sections of the three coronary arteries under study was saturable, stereoselective, reversible, and displaceable by antagonists and agonists with the rank order of potency expected for beta-adrenergic receptors. Analysis of binding isotherms indicated maximum binding capacities of 41.5 fmol/mg protein for the right coronary artery, 35.4 fmol/mg protein for the left coronary artery, and 25.7 fmol/mg protein for the anterior interventricular branch. Dissociation constants were approximately 35 pM in the arteries examined. The relative amounts of beta 1- and beta 2-receptor subtypes were as follows: 72% beta 1-receptors and 28% beta 2-receptors in the right coronary artery; 65% beta 1-receptors and 35% beta 2-receptors in the left coronary artery; 40% beta 1-receptors and 60% beta 2-receptors in the anterior interventricular branch. The results of autoradiographic analysis revealed a predominance of beta 1-receptors in the medial layer. beta 2-Receptors were localized primarily in the adventitia, in the adventitia-media border, and in the intimal layer. These results should lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the control of coronary circulation in humans.
Preneoplastic Alterations in Nuclear Morphology That Accompany Loss of Tumor Suppressor Phenotype
Authors: J. Boyd, K. J. Pienta, R. H. Getzenberg, D. S. Coffey, J. C. Barrett
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Alterations of nuclear shape are frequently observed in tumor cells, but the genes controlling these changes and the stage in the neoplastic process at which they occur are unknown. We have studied nuclear shape changes in chemically immortalized, nontumorigenic Syrian hamster embryo cell clones that had either retained (supB+) or lost (supB-) the ability to suppress the tumorigenic phenotype when they were hybridized with a tumor cell line (BP6T). Quantitative morphometric analysis of the nuclei of cells from each of two pairs of supB+/supB- variants indicated that the nuclei of supB- cells were significantly more out of round than those of their corresponding supB+ clones. These data indicate that modification of nuclear structure may represent an early, preneoplastic event in multistep chemical carcinogenesis and that loss of a tumor suppressor gene function may regulate alterations in nuclear morphology.
Oxygen Consumption of Arterioles and Venules as Studied in the Cartesian Diver
Authors: RUFUS O. HOWARD, DAVID W. RICHARDSON, MORRIS H. SMITH, JOHN L. PATTERSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

1. The Cartesian diver microrespirometer has been applied to the measurement of oxygen consumption by mesenteric arterioles and venules from hamsters and human beings. Oxygen consumption by the smallest arterial vessels, less than 150 µ in diameter, averaged 1.05 µliter/mg/hr, in contrast to only 0.58 µliter/mg/hr for arteries 250 to 400 µ in diameter. Hamster venules consumed oxygen at an average rate of 0.53 µliter/mg/hr, nearly equal to the largest arteries studied. Venous oxygen consumption did not vary with vessel diameter. 2. Both arterioles and venules were highly resistant to hypoxia, maintaining normal rates of oxygen uptake at environmental oxygen tensions as low as 12 mm Hg, but not at 5 or 2 mm Hg. Veins consumed less oxygen at an environmental p O 2 of 150 mm Hg than at 57, 28, or 12 mm Hg, whereas arterial Q O O 2 was unchanged between 12 and 150 mm Hg. 3. Ten human mesenteric arteries, 65 to 175 µ in diameter, and 10 human veins, 130 to 450 µ in vitro, had average rates of oxygen consumption of 0.35 and 0.25 µliter/mg/hr, significantly lower than hamster vessels. 4. Vessels from hamsters sacrificed without anesthesia consumed oxygen at rates similar to arterioles and venules removed from animals under pentobarbital anesthesia.
Nitric oxide helps neonates with respiratory disorder
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The use of inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants with the respiratory distress syndrome decreases the incidence of chronic lung disease and death, a new study has shown ( New Engl J Med 2003;349:2099-107).

Chronic lung disease remains the primary long term pulmonary complication in premature infants and is associated with pulmonary hypertension as well as difficulty in the ability of infants to form new lung tissue and blood vessels.

In addition to having impaired growth, infants with chronic lung disease may have poor long term cardiac function, an increased susceptibility …
Chromosome Translocation t(14;22) and Oncogene (c-<i>sis</i>) Variant in a Pedigree with Familial Meningioma
Authors: Graeme B. Bolger, Judith Stamberg, Ilan R. Kirsch, Gregory F. Hollis, Donald F. Schwarz, George H. Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

MANY cases of familial cancer have been reported, but relatively few inherited cancers have been shown to be associated with specific known genes or specific chromosome regions. Meningioma is an uncommon, usually sporadic, central nervous system tumor. In von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis, brain tumors, including meningiomas, may occur in several members of a family.1 , 2 Familial meningioma not associated with another genetic syndrome has also been reported occasionally.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The tumor tissue of sporadic meningiomas is often characterized by the absence of one of the No. 22 chromosomes or, less frequently, the absence of the distal part of the long arm of one . . .
Factors Associated With Prolonged Recovery After the Fontan Operation
Authors: Joshua W. Salvin, Mark A. Scheurer, Peter C. Laussen, John E. Mayer, Pedro J. del Nido, Frank A. Pigula, Emile A. Bacha, Ravi R. Thiagarajan
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Mortality and major morbidity after the Fontan operation is low in the current era. However, factors contributing to prolonged postoperative recovery are not clearly understood. Methods and Results— Data on all patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) after a Fontan operation between June 2001 and December 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. We excluded all patients who died, required Fontan takedown, or required ECMO. The study cohort was further divided into a prolonged recovery group that included patients with &gt;75%ile for duration of mechanical ventilation or pleural drainage, and a standard recovery group which included all other patients. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to compare demographic, anatomic, and physiological variables between the prolonged and standard recovery groups. There were 226 Fontan operations performed. Of the study population (n=218), the median age was 2.61 years (1.0 to 31.9 years) and weight was 12.45 kg (8.4 to 77.5 kg). The most common diagnosis was hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n=80, 36.7%). A systemic right atrioventricular valve was present in 139 (63.7%). The lateral tunnel fenestrated Fontan was the most common surgery (n=195, 89.4%). Within the study population, 81 (38%) patients meet criteria for prolonged recovery. Univariate risk factors for prolonged recovery included higher preoperative PVR ( P =0.033), longer bypass times ( P =0.009), higher postbypass lactate level ( P =0.017), higher postoperative central venous ( P &lt;0.001) common atrial pressure ( P =0.042), inotropic score ( P &lt;0.001), and need for greater volume resuscitation during the 24 postoperative hours (&gt;75% for the entire group; P &lt;0.001). In a multivariable model, need for greater volume resuscitation (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.30, 6.05) was the only independent risk factor for prolonged outcome after the Fontan operation. Conclusions— High volume expansion in the early postoperative period is an independent risk factor for prolonged recovery. The need for high volume expansion may represent the compound effects of multiple risk factors including preoperative hemodynamics and a marked systemic inflammatory response to surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass, which in turn may mediate prolonged recovery.
Octreotide in variceal bleeding.
Authors: A K Burroughs
Journal: Gut (1994)

Bleeding from oesophageal varices has a high death rate. Injection sclerotherapy is the most appropriate treatment but facilities for this are not always available. Balloon tamponade and vasoactive therapy may be used as stop gap measures. Somatostatin and octreotide are therapeutic candidates for the treatment of variceal bleeding and there are several trials that have compared somatostatin and octreotide with other treatments for this condition. The results of these trials are summarised and discussed. A meta analysis of the group of trials of placebo or H2 antagonists v somatostatin or octreotide showed a significant advantage of somatostatin or octreotide in terms of efficacy, but no difference in mortality. The trials discussed seem to show that somatostatin and octreotide are at least as effective as other treatments, with the benefit of fewer adverse effects, and thus represent the best vasoactive agents. Additionally, they may have a role as adjuvant treatment to emergency sclerotherapy for active bleeders and this must be further investigated.
Parenting Styles and Parenting Practices in Pediatric Diabetes
Authors: Barbara J. Anderson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The influence of parents on both the adherence behavior and the glycemic control of their children and adolescents with diabetes has been documented for several decades. In their article, Shorer et al. (1) focus on the dimension of parental influence that has been defined as “parenting style.” They add to the small but growing literature examining the influence of fathers on outcomes in adolescents with a chronic illness (2,3). Scientists in the child development field have emphasized the importance of distinguishing parenting styles from “parenting practices” (4). Parenting styles are defined as characteristics of the parent that are stable over time and constitute the emotional context for specific parenting practices (5). Parenting styles are usually discussed as typologies characterized by the parent's level of sensitivity to and expectations for their child's behavior (6). Parenting styles are usually defined according to the intersection of these two dimensions, as illustrated in Table 1.

View this table:

Table 1 
Typology of parenting styles



Parenting practices, on the other hand, are the specific behaviors that parents use to socialize their children. In reality, parenting involves both parenting styles (the stable “emotional climate”) and specific parenting practices (concrete behaviors). Shorer et al. studied Israeli adolescents with type 1 diabetes aged 11–18 years and their mothers and fathers in a cross-sectional study and reported that an “authoritative” parenting style of fathers was related to better glycemic control and adherence in the adolescent, whereas a “permissive” parenting style of mothers was related to worse glycemic …
Comparison of Plasma Glucose, Serum Insulin, and C-Peptide Responses to Three Isocaloric Breakfasts in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Stephen Colagiuri, John J Miller, Jenny L Holliday, Ellen Phelan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

While differences in glucose and insulin responses to specific carbohydrate foods have been reported, few data are available for mixed meals incorporating such foods. This study compared the plasma glucose (PG), serum insulin (SI), and C-peptide (CP) responses tothree different isocaloric test breakfasts given in random order to eight insulin-treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. The test meals were selected from a hospital food exchange list and contained similar quantities of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and dietary fiber. The postprandial PG, SI, and CP responses to two of the test breakfasts (meal A: eggs, toasted wholemeal bread, orange juice, margarine, and milk; meal B: wheatflake biscuits, toasted wholemeal bread, milk, and margarine) were similar (meal A: 104.3 ±, 23.0 mg · h · dl−1, 5996 ± 1108 μU · min · ml−1, and 89.8 ± 25.4 pmol · min · ml−1, respectively; meal B: 104.9 ± 21.6 mg · h · dl∼l, 6268 ± 1161 μU · min · mi−1, and 99.8 ± 26.4 pmol · min · ml−1, respectively). Meal C, consisting of toasted muesli and skim milk, produced smaller glycemic and insulin responses (46.8 ± 8.8 mg · h · dl−1; P &amp;lt; .02, and 4369 ± 700 μU · min · ml−1; P &amp;lt; .05, respectively) than meals A and B and less endogenous insulin secretion (CP response 62.8 ± 19.9 pmol · min · ml−1; P &amp;lt; .05 compared with meal A, NS compared with meal B). The lower glycemic response after meal C could be explained by differences in method of food processing resulting in a decreased availability of starch to amylolytic enzymes, the higher content in meal C of sucrose, lactose, and fructose, which are associated with a low glycemic index, and by quantitative and qualitative differences in fiber. While food exchange lists are generally useful in planning diets for diabetic persons, some modification to current lists may be necessary to take into account the processing method and nature of the carboyhydrates in the food when considering the equivalence of individual food items.
Mechanism of the Auricular Arrhythmias
Authors: MYRON PRINZMETAL, ELIOT CORDAY, ISIDOR C. BRILL, ALVIN L. SELLERS, ROBERT W. OBLATH, WALTER A. FLIEG, H. E. KRUGER
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The four auricular arrhythmias, premature systoles, paroxysmal tachycardia, flutter, and fibrillation, have been investigated in over 200 dogs by three methods: (1) high speed cinematography, (2) cathode-ray oscillography, and (3) multiple-channel electrocardiography. The hitherto unexplored body of the left auricle has been surgically exposed and thoroughly studied. Results indicate that all four arrhythmias are of unitary origin and may occur from one ectopic focus. The resulting arrhythmia depends largely upon the rate of discharge from that focus. There is no circus movement. Corroborative observations have been made on the arrhythmias in man. This conception of the auricular arrhythmias simplifies the understanding of their mechanism.
Adaptationism – how to carry out an exaptationist program
Authors: Paul W. Andrews, Steven W. Gangestad, Dan Matthews
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

The authors contributed equally to this paper. Order of authorship was determined alphabetically. Correspondence may be addressed to any of the authors.Adaptationism is a research strategy that seeks to identify adaptations and the specific selective forces that drove their evolution in past environments. Since the mid-1970s, paleontologist Stephen J. Gould and geneticist Richard Lewontin have been critical of adaptationism, especially as applied toward understanding human behavior and cognition. Perhaps the most prominent criticism they made was that adaptationist explanations were analogous to Rudyard Kipling's Just So Stories (outlandish explanations for questions such as how the elephant got its trunk). Since storytelling (through the generation of hypotheses and the making of inferences) is an inherent part of science, the criticism refers to the acceptance of stories without sufficient empirical evidence. In particular, Gould, Lewontin, and their colleagues argue that adaptationists often use inappropriate evidentiary standards for identifying adaptations and their functions, and that they often fail to consider alternative hypotheses to adaptation. Playing prominently in both of these criticisms are the concepts of constraint, spandrel, and exaptation. In this article we discuss the standards of evidence that could be used to identify adaptations and when and how they may be appropriately used. Moreover, building an empirical case that certain features of a trait are best explained by exaptation, spandrel, or constraint requires demonstrating that the trait's features cannot be better accounted for by adaptationist hypotheses. Thus, we argue that the testing of alternatives requires the consideration, testing, and systematic rejection of adaptationist hypotheses. Where possible, we illustrate our points with examples taken from human behavior and cognition.
Relation between physical training and ambulatory blood pressure in stage I hypertensive subjects. Results of the HARVEST Trial. Hypertension and Ambulatory Recording Venetia Study.
Authors: P Palatini, G R Graniero, P Mormino, L Nicolosi, L Mos, P Visentin, A C Pessina
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to assess whether ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in a population of stage I hypertensive individuals was lower in the subjects performing regular exercise training. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was carried out in 796 young hypertensive patients (592 men) who had never been treated who took part in the HARVEST trial. The diagnosis of stage I hypertension was made on the basis of six office BP measurements. Subjects underwent noninvasive 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, 24-hour urine collection for catecholamine assessment, and echocardiography (n = 457). They were classified as exercisers if they reported at least one session of aerobic sports per week and as nonexercisers if they did not engage regularly in sports activities. Age (P &lt; .0001), body mass index (P = .002), 24-hour heart rate (P &lt; .0001), alcohol intake (P = .02), smoking (P = .02), and norepinephrine output (P = .04) were lower in the active (n = 153) than the inactive (n = 439) men. Physically active men exhibited a lower 24-hour and daytime diastolic BP than the inactive men, while there were no group differences in office BP or in nighttime diastolic BP and in ambulatory systolic BP. The between-group ambulatory diastolic BP difference remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, and smoking (P &lt; .0001). Of the nonexercisers, 46.2% were confirmed hypertensives, compared with only 26.8% of the exercisers (P &lt; .0001), on the basis of daytime diastolic BP. Echocardiographic left ventricular dimensional and functional indexes were similar in the two groups of men. Similar findings were shown by the 16 women who engaged in aerobic sports. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that participation in aerobic sports may attenuate the risk of hypertension in young subjects whose office BP is in the stage I hypertensive range at office measurement.
Extravascular hemolysis following the administration of cefamandole
Authors: Donald R. Branch, Lee R. Berkowitz, Robert L. Becker, Judy Robinson, Marsha Martin, Michael T. Gallagher, Lawrence D. Petz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Hemolytic anemia occurred in a 70‐year‐old female after a five‐day course of intravenous cefamandole. The patient's serum contained an IgG antibody which was reactive with red blood cells which had been coated in vitro with cefamandole but not with uncoated cells. An in vitro assay of allogeneic mononuclear phagocytosis of cefamandole‐coated red cells sensitized with the patient's anticefamandole indicated that the anticefamandole could induce significant phagocytosis. The anticefamandole was easily inhibited in vitro by cefamandole as well as by a variety of related cephalosporins indicating broad cross‐reactivity, with the antigenic site primarily the 7‐amino‐cephalosporanic acid nucleus. Penicillins could inhibit the anticefamandole but only when using concentrations 3‐10× those of cephalosporins. Eleven examples of antipenicillin tested failed to react with cefamandole‐coated red cells. Screening of 344 random sera from hospitalized patients found only five (1.5%) reactive with cefamandole‐coated red cells; three of these sera were also reactive with penicillin‐coated red cells. The patient's hemolysis subsided following cessation of the drug. This is the first report of anticefamandole‐induced hemolytic anemia.
A CASE OF GRANULOMA ANNULARE
Authors: ERNEST D. CHIPMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1911)

Journal Article A CASE OF GRANULOMA ANNULARE Get access ERNEST D. CHIPMAN, M.D. ERNEST D. CHIPMAN, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 23, Issue 11, 1 November 1911, Pages 349–353, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1911.tb16667.x Published: 01 November 1911
A VOLUNTARY BOARD OF NATIONAL EXAMINERS.
Authors: WILLIAM L. RODMAN
Journal: JAMA (1902)

At the recent meeting in Washington of the Committee on National Legislation representing the American Medical Association, the subject of reciprocity between the several states was very generally discussed, and considered practically impossible with so many states and territories, each with its own standard and no two alike. More than half of the states were represented at the conference and the interchange of opinion was free. The committee appointed one year ago made a majority report through its secretary. Dr. Emil Amberg, advising against reciprocity, and in favor of a National Board of Examiners. The committee had, however, been working upon the hypothesis that such a board could be created and sustained by act of Congress. Letters read from Senator Burrows and others caused the committee to drop the idea of a national board created by act of Congress as such legislation would certainly be unconstitutional and in conflict with
Serum folate concentrations during pregnancy in women with epilepsy: relation to antiepileptic drug concentrations, number of seizures, and fetal outcome.
Authors: V K Hiilesmaa, K Teramo, M L Granstrom, A H Bardy
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Serum folate concentrations, blood counts, and antiepileptic drug concentrations were measured during 133 pregnancies of 125 women with epilepsy. There was an inverse correlation between serum folate concentrations and concentrations of phenytoin and phenobarbitone. The number of epileptic seizures during pregnancy showed no association with serum folate concentrations. No cases of maternal tissue folate deficiency or fetal damage attributable to low maternal serum folate were observed. Maternal serum folate concentrations for infants with structural birth defects, "fetal hydantoin syndrome," or perinatal death were similar to those for healthy babies. A low dose (100 to 1000 micrograms daily) of folate supplement appeared sufficient for pregnant women with epilepsy despite the antifolic action of antiepileptic medication. Monitoring folate concentrations in pregnant women with high serum concentrations of phenytoin or phenobarbitone is recommended.
Use of Ether at Battle of Wilderness.
Authors: Charles E. Heartsill
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Marshall, Tex., April 25, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It would appear to one of your southern subscribers and a son of one of those "rebels" "who did not generally fire on those wearing the ambulance badges," that the article in The Journal, April 23, entitled "The First Use of Ether as an Anesthetic at the Battle of the Wilderness in the Civil War" is more of a laudatory article on the exceptional valor of the pension drawers than one of interest to medical men. What is said of ether would not occupy ten lines in the article, which is made up of heroic federal and vanquished rebel. Believing The Journal to be non-partisan as much for the conquered rebel as for the victorious federal, I was surprised and grieved to find any such article in its pages.