tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Tamponade Associated with the Administration of Dicumarol
Authors: CHARLES L. LEEDHAM, JAMES A. ORBISON
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The case history is presented of a man 22 years of age who developed cardiac tamponade in association with anticoagulant therapy and nonpenetrating trauma of the heart. Included is a commentary on the delayed appearance of signs indicative of pericardial and/or myocardial damage following severe trauma and the value of serial electrocardiographic observations in the diagnosis thereof. The importance of interpretation of the results of prothrombin testing is discussed and comparative data are presented which indicate the desirability for standardization of methods employed in reporting prothrombin values when used to control anticoagulant therapy with dicumarol.
Hereditary Addison's Disease in Relation to Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: J. H. Sunder, J. V. Bonessi, W. R. Balash, T. S. Danowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE recognized types of adrenocortical insufficiency may be classified into several clinical subgroups: congenital hypoplasia of the adrenal cortex without any other abnormality,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 with anencephaly12 or with hypoplasia of the pituitary gland13 14 15 16; primary hypoadrenocorticism and spastic paraplegia with gliosis and perivascular infiltration of the cerebral hemispheres (Addison—Scholz disease)17 18 19 or with spastic paraplegia of unestablished origin20 , 21; atrophy and fibrosis of the adrenal glands without recognizable cause and without other concomitants22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39; adrenal atrophy and fibrosis of unknown origin with hypoparathyroidism or moniliasis or both40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51; injury or destruction of the adrenal glands by tuberculosis or other identifiable causes or . . .
Our Role in the Generation, Modification, and Termination of Life
Authors: Robert H. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1969)

My interest in certain philosophic aspects of medicine were accentuated three years ago by medical students who urged me to offer some elective courses in this sphere. These and many other experiences have prompted me to include coverage in my presidential address of such highly major and timely topics as population control, genetic bioengineering, abortion, transplantation, superbiologic functions, suicide, and euthanasia. Handicaps to progress in these issues include ancient policies in religion, laws, and social philosophy. New drugs, life-sustaining apparatus, and organ replacements are provoking important moral, philosophic, psychologic, social, economic, medical, and legal questions. <h3>Population Problems.—</h3> Our biggest future concerns are hyperpopulation and its subquality. The population doubling time has decreased enormously, to 37 years. Problems of clothing, food, jobs, housing, and other factors are multiplying rapidly. Unrest, murders, riots, violence, and wars will increase. It is estimated that 3,500,000 people, chiefly children, will die this year of starvation.
Bone-marrow Hypoplasia in the Course of Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Authors: A. D. F. Hurdle, A. G. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1963)

There is no evidence that the condition is giant-cell arteritis, a name which should be reserved for cases showing pathological proof of this condition.The syndrome resembles the prodromal symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis more than other disorders and has an excellent prognosis.Salicylate therapy was adequate in nearly all patients.
Inactivation of the gene for anticoagulant protein C causes lethal perinatal consumptive coagulopathy in mice.
Authors: L R Jalbert, E D Rosen, L Moons, J C Chan, P Carmeliet, D Collen, F J Castellino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Matings of mice heterozygous for a protein C (PC) deficient allele, produced by targeted PC gene inactivation, yielded the expected Mendelian distribution of PC genotypes. Pups with a total deficiency of PC (PC-/-), obtained at embryonic day (E) 17.5 and at birth, appeared to develop normally macroscopically, but possessed obvious signs of bleeding and thrombosis and did not survive beyond 24 h after delivery. Microscopic examination of tissues and blood vessels of E17.5 PC-/- mice revealed their normal development, but scattered microvascular thrombosis in the brain combined with focal necrosis in the liver was observed. In addition, bleeding was noted in the brain near sites of fibrin deposition. The severity of these pathologies was exaggerated in PC-/- neonates. Plasma clottable fibrinogen was not detectable in coagulation assays in PC-/- neonatal mice, suggestive of fibrinogen depletion and secondary consumptive coagulopathy. Thus, while total PC deficiency did not affect the anatomic development of the embryo, severe perinatal consumptive coagulopathy occurred in the brain and liver of PC-/- mice, suggesting that a total PC deficiency is inconsistent with short-term survival.
Endogenous opiates modulate the pulsatile secretion of biologically active luteinizing hormone in man.
Authors: J D Veldhuis, A D Rogol, M L Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

We studied the secretion of physiological pools of immunoreactive and biologically active luteinizing hormone in response to endogenous pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) in eugonadal men. Concentrations of immunoactive and bioactive luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined in blood drawn at 20-min intervals for 8 h in eight normal men under two conditions: (a) after placebo, in order to evaluate spontaneous LH pulsations in the basal state, and (b) after administration of the opiate-receptor antagonist, naltrexone, which is believed to amplify the pulsatile release of endogenous GNRH. Spontaneous and naltrexone-stimulated secretion of LH occurred in pulses of high biological activity, as measured in the RICT (rat interstitial cell testosterone bioassay), i.e., bioactive:immunoactive LH ratios within both spontaneous and naltrexone-stimulated LH pulses were higher than corresponding interpulse ratios (P less than 0.001). Quantitative characterization of the pulsatile release of bioactive LH revealed the following specific effects of opiate-receptor blockade: increased 8-h mean and integrated serum concentrations of bioactive LH (P less than 0.002), enhanced pulse frequency of bioactive LH release (P less than 0.001), and augmented peak amplitude of bio-LH pulses (P less than 0.01). Moreover, this increase in episodic secretion of bioactive LH was associated with increased 8-h mean and integrated serum testosterone concentrations in these men (P less than 0.05). We conclude the following: (a) LH is normally released in spontaneous pulses of high biological activity in men; (b) when the endogenous GNRH signal is amplified by opiate-receptor blockade, the pituitary gland releases more frequent bioactive LH pulses, which are of high amplitude and contain a high bioactive:immunoactive LH ratio. This increase in pulsatile release of bioactive LH quantitated in the RICT assay in vitro is reflected by acutely increased serum testosterone concentrations in vivo. We infer that modulation of the episodic GNRH signal by endogenous opiates provides another significant mechanism by which the hypothalamus can alter the biological activity of circulating gonadotropic hormone in man. Moreover, observed alterations in the pulsatile pattern of bioactive LH release were associated in turn with significant changes in testosterone concentrations. Thus, we hypothesize that alterations in the properties of the bioactive LH pulse signal can provide an important mechanism for regulating target-cell function within the gonad in states of health or disease.
Heparin in Experimental Myocardial Infarction
Authors: NORMAN B. ROBERG, WILLIAM H. REQUARTH
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Heparinization, started one hour following coronary ligation, was maintained for twenty-four hours. One week after recovery the hearts were perfused in vivo with india ink. After clearing, the proportion of ventricular mass infarcted was determined. No appreciable difference from the control series was found.
The physical state of bile acids in the diarrhoeal stool of ileal dysfunction
Authors: J. M. Findlay, M. A. Eastwood, W. D. Mitchell
Journal: Gut (1973)

A method is described for the separation of a diarrhoeal stool into solid and liquid phases. The seven patients studied had varying degrees of ileal resection. Faecal bile acids were measured in supernatant and pellet. Freeze-dried pellet of the patients had significantly higher bile acid content than freeze-dried faeces of the eight controls (patients mean = 55·8 mg bile acids/g freeze-dried faeces; normals = 8·3 mg bile acids/g freeze-dried faeces; P &lt; 0·005). The presence of bile acids in the supernatant of these patients is discussed with regard to the binding capacity of the dietary residue in the colon. The faecal excretion of bile acids throughout the day in three patients was studied using the centrifugation method.
Vascular effects of loop diuretics
Authors: T DORMANS, P PICKKERS, F RUSSEL, P SMITS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Although it is generally believed that the beneficial effect of loop diuretics is the result of a rapid increase in diuresis, substantial evidence, from a large number of in vitro and in vivo experiments, has accumulated showing that administration furosemide causes direct vascular effects, which probably contribute to its acute clinical effects. Several mechanisms are involved in the vascular response to loop diuretics. The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, prostaglandins and the direct vascular effects of loop diuretics on both the arterial and venous parts of the vasculature are discussed.
Drugs for Macular Degeneration
Authors: Ivaylo Stoilov, Anne E. Fung, Roman G. Rubio
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pressure-flow studies in man. An evaluation of the duration of the phases of systole
Authors: Alexander Harley, C. Frank Starmer, Joseph C. Greenfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

This study was designed to assess the independent effects of stroke volume and heart rate on the phases of systole and other selected hemodynamic parameters. By means of the pressure gradient technique instantaneous blood pressure and flow were recorded in the ascending aorta at fixed ventricular rates in five patients with complete heart block and in four patients with atrio-ventricular dissociation induced by ventricular pacing. Because of the variable contribution of atrial systole to ventricular filling, a wide range of stroke volumes were observed at each heart rate. The results indicate that the duration of ejection bears a close direct linear relationship to stroke volume while heart rate has only a weak but independent relation. On the other hand, the duration of total systole is related chiefly to the heart rate but stroke volume exerts an important independent effect. In a given patient, both duration of ejection and pulse pressure reflect changes of stroke volume and the product of the duration of ejection and the pulse pressure shows a good correlation with the stroke volume.
Improving the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease to Aid in the Management of High Cholesterol Levels
Authors: A L Avins, W S Browner
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—A patient's coronary heart disease (CHD) risk must be correctly classified to successfully apply risk-based guidelines for treatment of hypercholesterolemia.Objective.—To determine the classification accuracy of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) CHD risk-stratification system and compare it with a simple revised system that gives greater weight to age as a CHD risk factor.Design.—Modeling of 10-year CHD risk, using equations from the Framingham Heart Study applied to a cross-sectional survey of the US population.Subjects.—The 3284 subjects aged 20 to 74 years surveyed in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1978-1982) who had fasting lipid levels measured.Main Outcome Measures.—The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for 10-year CHD risk for the NCEP and revised scales.Results.—Among all adults with a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol value of at least 4.1 mmol/L (160 mg/dL), the NCEP system showed fairly good discrimination (AUC=0.90), though there was a substantial decline among men 35 to 74 years old and women 55 to 74 years old (AUC=0.81). By contrast, the revised system showed superior performance in all hypercholesterolemic adults (AUC=0.94-0.97) as well as in the subgroup of men 35 to 74 years old and women 55 to 74 years old (AUC=0.94-0.96).Conclusions.—Simple modifications of the NCEP treatment criteria result in a substantially improved ability to discriminate between higher and lower CHD risk groups. Unlike the NCEP system, this revised system retains its classification ability in all age groups studied.
Treatment of Delirium Tremens
Authors: Frederick Lemere
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal(<b>177</b>:589 [Aug. 26] 1961), an answer was given to a question regarding the treatment of delirium tremens. In this answer it was suggested that promazine hydrochloride (Sparine) might be given intramuscularly or intravenously. I would like to draw attention to the danger of giving promazine intravenously as there have been several cases reported of gangrene of the fingers and hand following such an injection. This is probably due to a spasm of the peripheral circulation because of the irritant properties of promazine. It is also conceivable that in these cases the promazine might have inadvertently been injected into the artery instead of the vein. At any rate, promazine should not be given intravenously. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone was also suggested. After several years of trial with this in a large number of cases at the Shadel Hospital, my associates and I have discontinued its use
Acupuncture and Pain
Authors: E. M. Papper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

It is extraordinarily difficult for Western physicians and scientists to cope objectively in the intellectual tradition of controlled Western biomedical thought with assessing the value, if any, of the use of acupuncture in the management of chronic painful states. A problem for the Western physician resides in the fact that acupuncture is an ancient Chinese remedy in a society very proud of its indigenous contributions to medicine, and acupuncture is one of them. It flourished and grew for 4000 years in an environment almost beset with a combination of mysticism and religious attitudes and one in which only "medical" in . . .
Intra-arterial temazepam.
Authors: M. Adiseshiah, D. A. Jones, J. M. Round
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Intra-arterial temazepam EDITOR,-We write to draw attention to compli- cations resulting from the new "abuse resistant"' formulation of temazepam capsules.In the past six months we-have seen 15 injecting drug misusers (13 men, two women, aged 19-35) with severe complications of intra-arterial injection (10 femoral, five brachial) of "solid" gel temazepam.Patients prepared the capsules by removing the soft gelatin shell, boiling the "solid" gel centre with water in a spoon, and injecting the warm suspension.All described instant pain in the region supplied by the injected artery.
Cost-effectiveness of directly observed versus self-administered therapy for tuberculosis.
Authors: R D Moore, C P Chaulk, R Griffiths, S Cavalcante, R E Chaisson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Decision analysis was used to compare three alternative strategies for a 6-mo course of treatment for tuberculosis: directly observed drug therapy (DOT), self-administered fixed-dose combination drug therapy, and self-administered conventional individual drug therapy. Estimates of effectiveness were obtained from the published literature. Estimates of costs were obtained from the literature and the Baltimore City Health Department. Both DOT and fixed-dose combination therapy were less costly and more effective than conventional therapy, although DOT was most cost-effective. In total, the average cost per patient treated was $13,925 for DOT, $13,959 for fixed-dose combination therapy, and $15,003 for conventional therapy. Per 1,000 patients treated, 31 relapses and three deaths could be expected for DOT, 96 relapses and eight deaths for fixed-dose combination therapy, and 133 relapses and 13 deaths for conventional therapy. The marginal cost-effectiveness of DOT relative to fixed-dose combination therapy was most sensitive to variability in the direct cost of DOT and less sensitive to relapse rates for DOT and fixed-dose combination therapy. The inferior cost-effectiveness of conventional therapy was not sensitive to plausible variability in cost or effectiveness. Both DOT and fixed-dose combination therapy were cost-effective relative to conventional therapy, although DOT is probably most cost-effective.
New Strategies in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Leukemogenesis and Personalized Medicine
Authors: Ivana Gojo, Judith E. Karp
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Recent advances in molecular technology have unraveled the complexity of leukemogenesis and provided the opportunity to design more personalized and pathophysiology-targeted therapeutic strategies. Despite the use of intensive chemotherapy, relapse remains the most common cause for therapeutic failure in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The interactions between leukemia stem cells (LSC) and marrow microenvironment appear to be critical in promoting therapeutic resistance through progressive acquisition of genetic and epigenetic changes within leukemia cells and immune evasion, resulting in leukemia cell survival. With advances in genomic-sequencing efforts, epigenetic and phenotypic characterization, personalized therapeutic strategies aimed at critical leukemia survival mechanisms may be feasible in the near future. Here, we review select novel approaches to therapy of AML such as targeting LSC, altering leukemia/marrow microenvironment interactions, inhibiting DNA repair or cell-cycle checkpoints, and augmenting immune-based antileukemia activity. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6233–41. ©2014 AACR.
MMP/TIMP expression in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats: the effect of ACE- and MMP-inhibition
Authors: H Li
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: Determine the effect of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPi) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) on collagen, MMP, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) expression in the spontaneously hypertensive heart failure (SHHF) rat. Methods: Six groups were tested: normotensive 9- and 13-month-old Wistar—Furth (WF) rats, 9-month-old SHHFs (compensatory hypertrophy), 13-month-old SHHFs with HF, and 13-month-old SHHFs orally administered with either an MMPi (PD166793, 5 mgkg−1day−1) or ACEi (quinapril, 10 mgkg−1day−1) for 4 months. Collagen volume fraction was assessed histomorphometrically. Left ventricular (LV) mRNA [MMP-1,-2,-3,-7,-9,-11,-13,-14; TIMP-1,-2,-3,-4; and collagen α1(I) and α1(III)] and protein (MMP-2 and MMP-9 zymographic activity; Western blot analysis of MMP-13, and TIMP-1,-2,-4) levels could be quantified. Results: Collagen mRNA levels were elevated in SHHFs compared to age-matched controls, but collagen volume fraction was elevated only in 13-month-old SHHFs (∼2×). Only MMP-2 mRNA levels increased significantly with HF. However, MMP-2 and MMP-9 zymographic activity, and MMP-13 protein levels increased. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA and protein levels increased, and TIMP-4 protein levels decreased in SHHFs vs. controls. Both drug treatments reduced LV dilation; preserved systolic function; and normalized MMP/TIMP expression. Both drug treatments also reduced collagen volume fraction, but only quinapril reduced collagen mRNA levels and LV hypertrophy. Conclusions: The divergent effect of MMPi and ACEi on collagen mRNA levels and hypertrophy indicate that drug efficacy is mediated by different pathways in the SHHF rat.
Informed consent to undergo serum screening for Down's syndrome: the gap between policy and practice
Authors: D K Smith, R W Shaw, T M Marteau
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Recommendations on dose for managing hyper- tension suggest starting with carvedilol 12-5 mg daily, with subsequent increases to achieve control of the blood pressure.On the basis of our results, however, a lower starting dose may be needed in elderly hypertensive patients to avoid first dose postural symptoms.Similar caution is probably necessary in other groups of patients likely to be sensitive to combined x , blockade-namely, those taking diuretic drugs or in heart failure.This study was supported by Boehringer Mannheim GMBH, Germany.
Nail-destroying epithelioid haemangioendothelioma showing an erythematous scar-like appearance on the finger
Authors: K. Kikuchi, M. Watanabe, T. Terui, N. Ohtani, H. Ohtani, H. Tagami
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Nail‐destroying epithelioid haemangioendothelioma showing an erythematous scar‐like appearance on the finger Get access K. Kikuchi, K. Kikuchi Departments of Dermatology and K.Kikuchi. E‐mail: katsukon@mail.cc.tohoku.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Watanabe, M. Watanabe Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Terui, T. Terui Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Ohtani, N. Ohtani Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1–1 Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku, Sendai 9808574, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Ohtani, H. Ohtani Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1–1 Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku, Sendai 9808574, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Tagami H. Tagami Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 4, 1 April 2003, Pages 834–836, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05254.x Published: 01 April 2003
Ice Cream Scooper??s Hand: Report of an Occupationally Related Stress Fracture of the Hand
Authors: ROBERT SMITH HOWARD, GARY R. CONRAD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Stress fracture of the hand is uncommon but can be a significant source of morbidity if not promptly diagnosed. The authors present a case of metacarpal stress fracture in which the occupational history was key to the diagnosis and management of long-standing hand pain.