tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does Inappropriate Use Explain Small-Area Variations in the Use of Health Care Services?
Authors: Lucian L. Leape
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We studied the relationship of the appropriateness of the use of coronary angiography, carotid endarterectomy, and upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy to their rates of use in 23 adjacent counties in one state. We measured appropriateness by means of a detailed review of the medical records of Medicare beneficiaries who had the procedures performed in 1981, using preset criteria derived by an expert panel. Use rates per 10 000 Medicare enrollees in a county varied from 13 to 158 for coronary angiography, 5 to 41 for carotid endarterectomy, and 42 to 164 for upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy. Inappropriate use varied by county from 8% to 75% for coronary angiography, from 0% to 67% for carotid endarterectomy, and from 0% to 25% for endoscopy. For coronary angiography, inappropriate use accounted for 28% of the variance in the county rate. For the other two procedures, no significant correlations were found between inappropriateness of use and rate of use. We conclude that little of the variation in the rates of use of these procedures can be explained by inappropriate use. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:669-672)
1262 Safety of the phase III randomized study of HYMITAQ vs. doxorubicin in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): ETHECC trial (Evaluation of thymitaq in HCC) vs. safety of the phase II program with THYMITAQ
Authors: R GISH
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

HBV infection has been reported to be closely associated with HCC development; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Emerging evidence has indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important regulatory roles in the pathogenesis and progression of cancers. To investigate the important role and mechanism of lncRNAs in the progression of HBV-related HCC, we screened lncRNAs in HBV-positive and HBV-negative HCC tissues. We identified a novel lncRNA, lncRNA-Unigene56159, which is highly expressed in HBV-related HCC tissues, and further analysis showed that this lncRNA was induced by HBV in vitro. Functionally, Unigene56159 significantly promoted cell migration/invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC. Mechanistically, Unigene56159 could directly bind to miR-140-5p and effectively act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-140-5p to de-repress the expression of the target gene Slug. Collectively, our findings indicate that the Unigene56159/miR-140-5p/Slug axis contributes to HCC cell migration and invasion, which may provide novel insights into the function of lncRNA-driven hepatocarcinogenesis.
NEW METHODS OF OBTAINING ELECTROMYOGRAM AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAM FROM THE INTACT BODY
Authors: Curt P. Richter
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In order to obtain records of the action currents from voluntary and reflex contractions of the muscles of the human body, we have devised an electrode that is considerably simpler in construction and manipulation than any of the others commonly employed today. It consists of a sheet of pure zinc about 1 inch square, held in contact with the skin by means of a paste made of kaolin and saturated zinc sulphate solution. This paste alone is sufficient to hold the electrode in place on almost any part of the body; where there is much violent movement of muscles, a large rubber band may also be applied. This electrode has the following advantages: (1) It is ncnpolarizable; (2) it is quickly and easily prepared; (3) it can be attached over any part of the body, however irregular and inaccessible to other electrodes, and (4) it makes an intimate, moist contact
540 Hospital admission is the only epidemiological risk factor in most cases of acute hepatitis C
Authors: E. Martinez-Bauer, X. Foms, M. Armelles, R. Planas, R. Sola, M. Vergara, S. Fabregas, R. Vega, J. Salmeron, M. Buti, J.M. Sánchez-Tapias, M. Bruguera
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Arterial and venous thrombosis in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma: a population-based study
Authors: Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Magnus Björkholm, Lynn R. Goldin, Sam Schulman, Cecilie Blimark, Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist, Anders Wahlin, Ingemar Turesson, Ola Landgren
Journal: Blood (2010)
Hyperinsulinemic Microalbuminuria
Authors: Johanna Kuusisto, Leena Mykkänen, Kalevi Pyörälä, Markku Laakso
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Both hyperinsulinemia and microalbuminuria have been shown to increase coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but the interaction among hyperinsulinemia, microalbuminuria, and the risk for CHD has not been investigated in previous studies. Methods and Results The risk of CHD in relation to hyperinsulinemia and microalbuminuria was examined in a cohort of 1069 elderly nondiabetic subjects from Kuopio, east Finland, during 3.5 years of follow-up. The overall incidence of CHD death was 2.8%, and 6.9% of study subjects died of CHD or had a nonfatal myocardial infarction (later referred to as all CHD events). In the highest fasting-insulin quintile (fasting insulin ≥114.0 pmol/L), there was a slightly but insignificantly higher incidence rate of both CHD mortality and all CHD events compared with lower quintiles. The incidence rates of CHD mortality and all CHD events were significantly higher in the highest urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) quintile (ACR ≥3.22 mg/mmol) compared with lower quintiles ( P &lt;.05 and P &lt;.01, respectively). Hyperinsulinemic microalbuminuria (simultaneous presence of fasting insulin ≥114.0 pmol/L and ACR ≥3.22 mg/mmol) markedly increased the risk of CHD mortality (12.5%, P &lt;.001) and all CHD events (18.8%, P &lt;.001) compared with normoinsulinemic subjects without microalbuminuria (2.2% and 5.8%, respectively). In univariate logistic regression analyses, hyperinsulinemic microalbuminuria was a strong predictor of both CHD death (odds ratio [OR], 5.93; P &lt;.001) and all CHD events (OR, 3.39; P =.002). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were also performed, including sex, current smoking, waist-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol, with insulin, ACR, or both as independent variables. Even after adjustment for these variables, hyperinsulinemic microalbuminuria remained a strong predictor of CHD death (OR, 7.91; P &lt;.001) and all CHD events (OR, 2.95; P =.014). The group with hyperinsulinemic microalbuminuria was characterized by the most adversely affected risk factor pattern (high triglycerides ≥2.3 mmol/L, low HDL cholesterol ≤0.9 mmol/L in men and ≤1.20 mmol/L in women, and hypertension). Conclusions Simultaneous occurrence of hyperinsulinemia and microalbuminuria identifies a group of subjects with a highly increased risk for CHD in elderly nondiabetic subjects.
Study of the Aetiology of Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: R. Doll, A. B. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1952)

<h3>Background</h3> Several indices of carotid atherosclerosis have been studied to investigate their associations with the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the best index of carotid atherosclerosis that predicts the risk of cardiovascular disease remains unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the index that best reflects the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and subsequent ischaemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) events. <h3>Design</h3> An observational longitudinal study with a 5-year follow-up. <h3>Participants</h3> 1734 Chinese subjects (623 men, 1111 women) aged 43–79 years at baseline. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> ICVD events, including coronary heart disease and ischaemic stroke. <h3>Results</h3> Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) at baseline was significantly associated with the risk of ICVD among participants without carotid plaque (multivariable adjusted HR=1.59, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.45) but not among those with plaque (HR=1.04, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.39). However, the total area of plaques (HR=1.29, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.55), the number of plaques (HR=1.14, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.27) and the number of segments with plaque (HR=1.45, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.93) were all significantly associated with ICVD in participants with plaque. Thus, carotid IMT and the number of segments with plaque were combined to establish a summary index—the total burden score (TBS) of carotid atherosclerosis—which was shown to improve the prediction of the 5-year risk of ICVD significantly compared with IMT or the number of segments with plaque alone. The c-statistics and net reclassification index showed that TBS improved the risk prediction by increases of 6.0% and 17.1%, respectively, compared with the conventional risk score. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The TBS could significantly improve the prediction of ICVD risk and should be used in clinical practice and future studies.
Drug Interactions with Coumarin Anticoagulants
Authors: Jan Koch-Weser, Edward M. Sellers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

THE simultaneous use of several therapeutic agents has become commonplace. At some time during their stay in a general hospital in the United States most patients receive more than five drugs concurrently. On medical services the median number of drugs administered to patients during one hospitalization is 10 to 13, and many patients receive 20 or more drugs. Concomitant prescription of several drugs for ambulatory patients is the rule in many diseases. Furthermore, such patients commonly consume analgesics, hypnotics, cold remedies and other drugs that are available without prescription. Finally, there is universal exposure to bioactive foreign chemicals in the . . .
Air conditioned buildings increase risk of sickness
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Women who work in air conditioned offices are more than twice as likely to see an ear, nose, and throat specialist says new research. The research, based on nearly 1000 women in France, shows that those who worked in buildings with air conditioning systems also had more sickness absence. “Exposure to [these] systems was a strong and significant risk factor for otorhinolaryngologist attendance and sickness absence,” says a report of the research in the International Journal of Epidemiology (2004;33: 1-4).
THE ABROGATION OF SHEEP ERYTHROCYTE TOLERANCE IN RATS BY MEANS OF THE TRANSFER OF ALLOGENEIC LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Peter J. McCullagh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Whereas the transfer of lymphocytes from normal syngeneic donors fails to abrogate tolerance of sheep erythrocytes in rats, lymphocytes from allogeneic donors are effective. When tolerance is abrogated in this situation, the hemolysin-forming cells are predominantly of host origin. Immunological interaction between transfused lymphocytes and host cells is a prerequisite for the abrogation of tolerance. From the time required for abrogation to occur after transfer of the allogeneic cells, it is suggested that tolerance of sheep erythrocytes in rats represents the repression of a specific reactivity in cells rather than the elimination or irreversible inactivation of reactive cells. This explanation implies the existence of specifically tolerant cells.
HER-2, Notch, and Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Targeting an Axis of Evil
Authors: Hasan Korkaya, Max S. Wicha
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Increasing evidence indicates that tumor-initiating (cancer stem) cells may contribute to treatment resistance and relapse, suggesting that improved clinical outcome will require effective targeting of this cell population. Recent studies suggest that the remarkable clinical efficacy of trastuzumab may relate to its ability to target cancer stem cell populations.
Clinical Observations ON THE PRODROMAL PERIOD OF SOME OF THE ACUTE INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Authors: E. W. Goodall
Journal: BMJ (1907)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Understanding the mechanisms underlying plants’ adaptation to their environment will require knowledge of the genes and alleles underlying elemental composition. Modern genetics is capable of quickly, and cheaply indicating which regions of DNA are associated with particular phenotypes in question, but most genes remain poorly annotated, hindering the identification of candidate genes. To help identify candidate genes underlying elemental accumulations, we have created the known ionome gene (KIG) list: a curated collection of genes experimentally shown to change uptake, accumulation, and distribution of elements. We have also created an automated computational pipeline to generate lists of KIG orthologs in other plant species using the PhytoMine database. The current version of KIG consists of 176 known genes covering 5 species, 23 elements and their 1588 orthologs in 10 species. Analysis of the known genes demonstrated that most were identified in the model plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, and that transporter coding genes and genes altering the accumulation of iron and zinc are overrepresented in the current list.
Fluoroscopically Guided Percutaneous Bone Biopsy
Authors: Guillermo F. Carrera
Journal: JAMA (1981)

FLUOROSCOPICALLY guided percutaneous needle biopsy is a safe and reliable method for obtaining cytological or histological specimens from bone lesions. Adequate needle biopsy obviates the need for general anesthesia or extensive open-biopsy procedures in debilitated patients and improves planning for further diagnosis and therapy. Percutaneous needle biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance has become an important technique in our institution for evaluating accessible skeletal lesions. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> A comprehensive review of percutaneous needle bone biopsy was presented by de Santos et al<sup>1</sup>in 1978. The biopsy site is chosen after reviewing preliminary studies, such as roentgenograms, tomograms, radioisotope bone scans, and computed tomograms. The approach to the lesion is dictated by local anatomy, such as major blood vessels, nerves, or the pleural space. If multiple lesions are present, a specific lesion that allows both good fluoroscopic visualization and a safe approach is selected for biopsy. A lytic lesion, or a
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DERMATITIS*
Authors: W. J. O'DONOVAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1927)

Journal Article THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR IN DERMATITIS Get access W. J. O'DONOVAN, O.B.E, M.D., M.R.C.P. W. J. O'DONOVAN, O.B.E, M.D., M.R.C.P. Assistant Physician to the Skin‐Department, The London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 39, Issue 2, 1 February 1927, Pages 49–54, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1927.tb10046.x Published: 01 February 1927
Expression of neuropeptide-degrading enzymes in alopecia areata: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: M. Toyoda, T. Makino, M. Kagoura, M. Morohashi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Much clinical evidence suggests that the nervous system, including psychological factors, can influence the course of alopecia areata (AA). However, there has been little substantial evidence of specific participation of cutaneous neurogenic factors in the disease process.As previous studies have demonstrated that stress elicits the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) from peripheral nerves and that some patients with AA show prominent SP expression in nerves surrounding their hair follicles, we aimed to evaluate the role of SP in AA.We used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of SP and SP-degrading enzymes in scalp biopsies from patients with AA and from healthy controls.Affected hair follicles in the centre of the areas of hair loss of patients with AA were richly innervated by SP-staining nerve fibres. Strong expression of the SP-degrading enzyme, neutral endopeptidase (NEP), was observed in hair follicles not only in the acute progressive phase of AA but also in the chronic stable phase. Expression of NEP in hair follicles from the margins of areas of hair loss was stronger than in normal controls, but was weaker than in the centre of the areas of hair loss. In addition, endothelial immunoreactivity for angiotensin-converting enzyme (also capable of degrading SP) was not observed in the centre of the areas of hair loss, which was in significant contrast to normal controls as well as to the margins of areas of hair loss where it was expressed. Further, intense expression of endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 on vessels and many degranulating mast cells was observed adjacent to affected hair follicles in AA, in admixture with dense lymphocytic inflammation.These findings suggest that SP is endogenously released by dermal nerve fibres around hair follicles and that it may play an important part in epithelial-mesenchymal-neuroectodermal interactions in AA. This study reveals that SP and its degrading enzymes are involved in the pathogenesis of AA, which in turn might explain the pathological significance of neurogenic and psychogenic aspects in the disease process.
US House of Representatives moves to sue Obama over implementation of Affordable Care Act
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In a straight party line vote the US House of Representatives voted on 30 July to allow John Boehner, an Ohio Republican and the House speaker, to move ahead with a lawsuit against President Barack Obama. House Republicans charged that the president had overstepped his legal authority when he delayed for a year the implementation of a provision of the Affordable Care Act that required employers to provide health coverage to their employees or be fined.

Facing a House controlled by Republicans who …
CLINICAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME DISEASES OF THE OESOPHAGUS
Authors: C. E. Reeves
Journal: BMJ (1853)

CANCER presents some distinctions from ulceration, in the point of the canal which it attacks.No part is exempt; but the lower half seems to present a greater tendency than the upper.Of the thirty-three cases which I have col- lected from various sources, the upper half of the canal, includiing the lower part of the pharynx, was affected in thirteen; in the remaining twenty, the lower half was the seat of the disease: in two only was the disease seated in the inferior fourth.The fibrous and encephaloid forms of cancer seem to be of much less frequent occurrence than the cartilaginous; and Lchert (Tr(titg Pratique des Mfaladies Cancereuses, 444) makes the same remark on the gencral absence of fibrous clement.HIe insists that it is rare to meet with gene- ral infection of the system with secondary deposits, the disease being generally confined to the csophagus itself, or the parts adjacent.The same remark was made before by Rokitansky (Pathol.Anatontie), who also observes that the cesophagus is very rarely the seat of secondary disease, and then only when the posterior mediastinum has been diseased.The case of Grisolle seems to have been of this character; and Desgranges (Journal de Corvisart, etc., an.x) mentions the case of a man, aged 50, who had on each breast a cancerous tumour of the size of an egg.He began to suffer from dysphagia, to which cough, expectoration, and difficulty of breathing, were soon joined.Some months before death, he brought up a little glandular body of the size of a pea, followed by some very offenisive fluid; and he was enabled to swallow solids.Low fever, with night sweats, soon afterwards set in; and he died suddenly, eight months from the commencement of the dysphagia.In the lower part of the cesophagus, some scirrhous tubercles ex- isted in a state of suppuration; the glands of the cesophagus were much enlarged.The right lung was loaded with tubercles in different stages; and the pleural cavity of that side contained fluid.Males present a greater tendency to this disease than females, alimost in the same ratio as in ulceration.In the cases, twenty-three were males, and nine females.As regards age, men after the 40th year presented a greater tendency than females. Ages.Malles.Feinales.
Hazards of contamination with blood.
Authors: L Hoogsteden, A Chaffe
Journal: BMJ (1991)

patients are to be tested then surgeons must also be tested.We presume therefore that the Royal College of Surgeons will also support the compulsory testing of the surgeon in order to "secure the safety" of the patient.If surgeons will not accept this they will request HIV serology on their patients in vain, for many microbiologists will refuse to perform the test.
Constraints on Consultants
Authors: H. Palmer
Journal: BMJ (1973)

were demonstrated in normal subjects.'Sir Thomas Lewis showed in 19272 that intra- cutaneous morphine elicited a triple re- sponse similar to that induced by histamine.Histamine release by opium alkaloids has been demonstrated in isolated cat skin and muscle preparations.3Elevated plasma levels of histamine have been measured in intact dogs following the administration of morphine and pethidine.4A significant de- crease in the lung capacity of intact dogs has been observed following the administra- tion of morphine and pethidine-an effect most likely to be due to bronchoconstriction.5 The mechanism of opiate-induced bronchoconstriction may include central vagal stimulation, histamine release leading to enhanced bronchomotor tone and pul- monary vascular congestion, and histamine- induced reflex enhancement of vagal tone.5In view of this evidence and the availability of alternative sedatives, we feel that the use of opium alkaloids in asthma is unjustified and should be avoided.-Weare, etc.
IgE Cross-Reactivity of Shrimp and Cockroach Tropomyosins Among Patients with Positive Skin Tests to Shrimp
Authors: Thalita Martins, Adriana S. Moreno, Thaís Mendonça, Luana Delcaro, Luisa Karla P. Arruda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Chloramphenicol Bone Marrow Toxicity
Authors: Paul R. McCurdy
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Eleven patients were seen in consultation because of anemia or bleeding during chloramphenicol therapy. Four others were being treated with chloramphenicol without the physician in charge being aware of the subtle hematologic changes that were under way. Depression of erythropoiesis, manifested in a drop in reticulocyte count, was the first and most frequent warning of trouble; it was followed in order by suppression of thrombopoiesis and leukopoiesis. The reversible stage is unpredictable and sometimes quite short. In each of these cases the bone marrow recovered after chloramphenicol administration was stopped. Chloramphenicol should not be given for trivial infections. When it must be used, serial reticulocyte counts should be done, and a sudden or severe drop calls for study of the bone marrow.
Proton Beam Irradiation for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Hadi J. Zambarakji, Anne Marie Lane, Eric Ezra, Danny Gauthier, Michael Goitein, Judy A. Adams, John E. Munzenrider, Joan W. Miller, Evangelos S. Gragoudas
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
Case 38-1974
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Neil S. Shore, Gerald Nash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Presentation of CaseA 57-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a pulmonary infiltrate.Twenty-five years previously he was found to have minimal pulmonary tuberculosis that appeared inactive on x-ray examination; he was followed at a clinic, without medication, and discharged at the end of two years, with no further follow-up study. Three and a half years before admission a routine x-ray film of the chest was reported to be normal. Six months before entry there was the onset of a nonproductive cough and mild but progressive exertional dyspnea. Three weeks before admission an x-ray film of the . . .
Raloxifene increased bone mineral density in the spine and hips of postmenopausal women using long-term glucocorticoids
Authors: John Robbins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Mok CC, Ying KY, To CH, et al. Raloxifene for prevention of glucocorticoid-induced bone loss: a 12-month randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:778-84. 21187295