tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of interstitial cerebral edema with diffusion tensor MR imaging in type C hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Ravindra A. Kale, Rakesh K. Gupta, Vivek A. Saraswat, Khader M. Hasan, Richa Trivedi, Asht M. Mishra, Piyush Ranjan, Chandra M. Pandey, Ponnada A. Narayana
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Brain water may increase in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in patients with cirrhosis with or without HE to quantify the changes in brain water diffusivity and to correlate it with neuropsychological (NP) tests. Thirty-nine patients with cirrhosis, with minimal (MHE) or overt HE, were studied and compared to 18 controls. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated in corpus callosum, internal capsule, deep gray matter nuclei, periventricular frontal, and occipital white matter regions in both cerebral hemispheres. The MD and FA values from different regions in different groups were compared using analysis of variance and Spearman's rank correlation test. In 10 patients with MHE, repeat studies were performed after 3 weeks of lactulose therapy to look for any change in MD, FA, and NP scores. Significantly increased MD was found with insignificant changes in FA in various regions of brain in patients with MHE or HE compared with controls, indicating an increase in interstitial water in the brain parenchyma without any microstructural changes. A significant correlation was found between MD values from corpus callosum, internal capsule, and NP test scores. After therapy, MD values decreased significantly and there was a corresponding improvement in NP test scores. Further analysis showed that MD values were different for different grades of minimal or overt HE. In conclusion, the increase in MD with no concomitant changes in FA in cirrhosis with minimal or early HE indicates the presence of reversible interstitial brain edema.
Transfusion of red blood cells after prolonged storage produces harmful effects that are mediated by iron and inflammation
Authors: Eldad A. Hod, Ning Zhang, Set A. Sokol, Boguslaw S. Wojczyk, Richard O. Francis, Daniel Ansaldi, Kevin P. Francis, Phyllis Della-Latta, Susan Whittier, Sujit Sheth, Jeanne E. Hendrickson, James C. Zimring, Gary M. Brittenham, Steven L. Spitalnik
Journal: Blood (2010)
Effect of Patient Reminder/Recall Interventions on Immunization Rates
Authors: Peter G. Szilagyi, Clayton Bordley, Julie C. Vann, Ann Chelminski, Ronald M. Kraus, Peter A. Margolis, Lance E. Rodewald
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Immunization rates for children and adults remain below national goals. While experts recommend that health care professionals remind patients of needed immunizations, few practitioners actually use reminders. Little is known about the effectiveness of reminders in different settings or patient populations.To assess the effectiveness of patient reminder systems in improving immunization rates, and to compare the effectiveness of different types of reminders for a variety of patient populations.A search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Sociological Abstracts, and CAB Health Abstracts. Relevant articles, as well as published abstracts, conference proceedings, and files of study collaborators, were searched for relevant references.English-language studies involving patient reminder/recall interventions (using criteria established by the Cochrane Collaboration) were eligible for review if they involved randomized controlled trials, controlled before-after studies, or interrupted time series, and measured immunization rates. Of 109 studies identified, 41 met eligibility criteria. Studies were reviewed independently by 2 reviewers using a standardized checklist. Results of studies are expressed as absolute percentage-point changes in immunization rates and as odds ratios (ORs). Studies with similar characteristics of patients or interventions were pooled (random effects model).Patient reminder systems were effective in improving immunization rates in 33 (80%) of the 41 studies, irrespective of baseline immunization rates, patient age, setting, or vaccination type. Increases in immunization rates due to reminders ranged from 5 to 20 percentage points. Reminders were effective for childhood vaccinations (OR, 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-2.72), childhood influenza vaccinations (OR, 4. 25; 95% CI, 2.10-8.60), adult pneumococcus or tetanus vaccinations (OR, 5.14; 95% CI, 1.21-21.78), and adult influenza vaccinations (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.69-3.10). While reminders were most effective in academic settings (OR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.98-5.58), they were also highly effective in private practice settings (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1. 45-2.22) and public health clinics (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.42-3.07). All types of reminders were effective (postcards, letters, and telephone or autodialer calls), with telephone reminders being most effective but costliest.Patient reminder systems in primary care settings are effective in improving immunization rates. Primary care physicians should use patient reminders to improve immunization delivery. JAMA. 2000;284:1820-1827.
Case 51-1983
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Eugene N. Myers, Ben Z. Pilch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Presentation of CaseA 60-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hoarseness.He was well until 10 weeks earlier, when he began to notice increasing hoarseness. He came to the clinic, where examination showed an abnormal appearance of the right true vocal cord. He was admitted to the hospital.The patient was of Portuguese origin. He was a landscape maintenance worker. An operation was performed 16 years before admission for a peptic ulcer. There was a 40-pack-year history of cigarette smoking, which was discontinued 10 years before entry. He had consumed alcohol heavily in previous years. He lost . . .
Periostin advances atherosclerotic and rheumatic cardiac valve degeneration by inducing angiogenesis and MMP production in humans and rodents
Authors: Daihiko Hakuno, Naritaka Kimura, Masatoyo Yoshioka, Makio Mukai, Tokuhiro Kimura, Yasunori Okada, Ryohei Yozu, Chisa Shukunami, Yuji Hiraki, Akira Kudo, Satoshi Ogawa, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is the term given to any disease process involving one or more of the heart valves. The condition can be congenital or acquired, for example as a result of atherosclerosis or rheumatic fever. Despite its clinical importance, the molecular mechanisms underlying VHD remain unknown. We investigated the pathophysiologic role and molecular mechanism of periostin, a protein that plays critical roles in cardiac valve development, in degenerative VHD. Unexpectedly, we found that periostin levels were drastically increased in infiltrated inflammatory cells and myofibroblasts in areas of angiogenesis in human atherosclerotic and rheumatic VHD, whereas periostin was localized to the subendothelial layer in normal valves. The expression patterns of periostin and chondromodulin I, an angioinhibitory factor that maintains cardiac valvular function, were mutually exclusive. In WT mice, a high-fat diet markedly increased aortic valve thickening, annular fibrosis, and MMP-2 and MMP-13 expression levels, concomitant with increased periostin expression; these changes were attenuated in periostin-knockout mice. In vitro and ex vivo studies revealed that periostin promoted tube formation and mobilization of ECs. Furthermore, periostin prominently increased MMP secretion from cultured valvular interstitial cells, ECs, and macrophages in a cell type-specific manner. These findings indicate that, in contrast to chondromodulin I, periostin plays an essential role in the progression of cardiac valve complex degeneration by inducing angiogenesis and MMP production.
Effects of particulate matter from global burning of biomass
Authors: A. J. Ghio
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Using mathematical modelling, Basu and colleagues show that cigarette smoking will increase the numbers of tuberculosis cases and deaths world wide,1 but they do not evaluate other potentially contributory factors. Cigarette smoking is a particle related injury in which functional groups at the surface of retained particulate matter accumulate host iron.2 The …
A Clinical Study of the Brachial Arterial Pulse Form
Authors: ERNEST W. HANCOCK, WALTER H. ABELMANN
Journal: Circulation (1957)

A survey was made of the clinical usefulness of pulse forms from direct brachial arterial puncture of 250 patients. A prolonged duration of systolic upstroke and an anacrotic notch were found in most instances of severe aortic stenosis, but also frequently in patients with insignificant degrees of aortic stenosis, and occasionally in normal subjects. Characteristic, but nondiagnostic changes in the pulse form were noted in aortic insufficiency, mitral insufficiency, anemia, hyperthyroidism and exercise. The diagnostic significance of these findings is discussed.
OP0246 Incidence of and Risk Factors for Clinical Fractures in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Matched Controls: A Population-Based Study in the United Kingdom
Authors: I. E. Bultink, N. C. Harvey, A. Lalmohamed, C. Cooper, W. F. Lems, T. P. van Staa, F. de Vries
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been associated with an increased risk of low bone mineral density and fractures. However, data on absolute fracture risk and risk factors associated with clinical fractures are very scarce. <h3>Objectives</h3> To estimate incidence rates of clinical fractures in patients with SLE and relative risks compared with matched controls, and to evaluate risk factors associated with fractures in SLE. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a population-based cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (from 1987 to 2012). Each SLE patient (n=4356) was matched with up to 6 controls (n=21845) by age and sex. Fracture type was stratified according to WHO definitions into osteoporotic (clinical spine, hip, forearm or humerus fracture) and non-osteoporotic fracture. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate relative rates (RR) of fracture, and time interaction terms to evaluate fracture timing patterns. Incidence rates of fractures in SLE patients, stratified by age, gender, type of fracture, disease duration, and therapy variables, were compared with fracture rates in controls. <h3>Results</h3> Mean age was 46.7 years. Follow-up duration was 6.4 years in SLE patients and 6.6 years in matched controls. Overall, SLE patients had an increased risk of any fracture compared to controls, after adjustment for confounders (adj RR 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.42), and the risk further increased with a longer disease duration. Glucocorticoid (GC) use in the previous six months raised the risk of any fracture (adj RR 1.27; 95% CI 1.02-1.58), but was not further increased with higher cumulative GC exposure. A similar pattern was found for osteoporotic fracture, but did not reach statistical significance (adj RR 1.23; 95% CI 0.91-1.67). Use of antimalarials was not associated with an altered fracture risk. Cerebrovascular events, seizures, and (as expected) previous osteoporotic fractures were identified as significant predictors for any and osteoporotic fractures (Table 1). <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> SLE patients in the United Kingdom have an increased risk of clinical fractures compared to age- and sex-matched controls. GC use in the previous six months and longer disease duration are important factors associated with the increased fracture risk in SLE. In addition, special attention should be paid to lupus patients with neuropsychiatric organ damage or a history of osteoporotic fractures since these subgroups of patients are at high risk of the occurrence of (subsequent) fractures. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
METAMORPHOSIS OF TUBERCULOUS LUNG CHANGES AS OBSERVED IN SERIAL ROENTGENOGRAMS
Authors: FRANK S. BISSELL
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Although the value of the roentgen-ray examination of the lungs is now firmly established as an indispensable step in the early diagnosis of tuberculosis, its greater value in the determination of prognosis and management is still generally unrecognized. As a rule, every pathologic change occurring within the lung causes a variation in the relative density of the area involved. Through the agency of serial roentgen-ray examinations it is possible to follow these changes step by step, and thus finally to classify each case as (1) progressive, (2) regressive or (3) arrested. Without the control of periodic roentgenologic observations, it would be necessary to place in a sanatorium all cases of pulmonary tuberculosis giving clinical evidence of activity. With adequate control, however, this expensive procedure becomes unnecessary and at times reprehensible. I have observed many cases, over long periods, in which the lesions as seen roentgenologically remained essentially unchanged, despite the
Control of lymphopoiesis by p50csk, a regulatory protein tyrosine kinase.
Authors: J A Gross, M W Appleby, S Chien, S Nada, S H Bartelmez, M Okada, S Aizawa, R M Perlmutter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

The csk gene encodes a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase that acts in part by regulating the activity of src-family protein tyrosine kinases. Since the src-family kinases p56lck and p59fyn play pivotal roles during lymphocyte development, it seemed plausible that p50csk might contribute to these regulatory circuits. Using a gene targeting approach, mouse embryonic stem cell lines lacking functional csk genes were generated. These csknull embryonic stem cells proved capable of contributing to many adult tissues, notably heart and brain. However, although csknull progenitors colonized the developing thymus, T and B cell differentiation were both blocked at very early stages. This represented a relatively selective interdiction of lymphocyte maturation, since csknull hematopoietic progenitors supported the development of normal-appearing MAC-1+ blood leukocytes, and the successful maturation of granulocyte/macrophage-colony-forming units from fetal liver progenitors. We conclude that p50csk regulates normal lymphocyte differentiation, but that it almost certainly does so by acting on targets other than p56lck and p59fyn.
Inactivation of Yeast Isw2 Chromatin Remodeling Enzyme Mimics Longevity Effect of Calorie Restriction via Induction of Genotoxic Stress Response
Authors: Weiwei Dang, George L. Sutphin, Jean A. Dorsey, Gabriel L. Otte, Kajia Cao, Rocco M. Perry, Jennifer J. Wanat, Dimitra Saviolaki, Christopher J. Murakami, Scott Tsuchiyama, Brett Robison, Brian D. Gregory, Michiel Vermeulen, Ramin Shiekhattar, F. Brad Johnson, Brian K. Kennedy, Matt Kaeberlein, Shelley L. Berger
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Ultrasound and Mammography for Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: B. Dale Magee
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mucous change in the human duodenum: A light and electron microscopic study and correlation with disease and gastric acid secretion
Authors: W. J. A. Patrick, D. Denham, A. P. M. Forrest
Journal: Gut (1974)

The significance of mucous change in the human duodenum in a series of patients with peptic ulcer disease has been appraised. No specific correlation was demonstrated with the acid output of the stomach if the extent of the change is considered, but it was shown to be more common in the higher acid states. Electron microscopic studies confirmed the specific structure of the mucous cells of the duodenum and suggest that they arise either by transformation of Brunner9s gland cells or as a distinctive population in the crypts. It is suggested that the mucous change is a protective mechanism involved in some way as yet unknown with the healing of ulcers.
Enhancing public safety in primary care
Authors: T. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Improving the safety record of the NHS is a national priority.This is not surprising, as recent research shows that up to 850 000 adverse events occur in hospitals every year. 1 Up to 90 000 iatrogenic deaths may occur each year in hospitals in the United States, 2 and the picture is likely to be similar in the United Kingdom.The landmark report To Err is Human has led to substantial investment in the US Agency for Health Research and Quality's safety unit. 2This was closely followed in the United Kingdom by the Department of Health reports An Organisation with a Memory and Building a Safer NHS, heralding the introduction of the National Patient Safety Agency. 3 4Our understanding of the causes of iatrogenic adverse events in secondary care has increased substantially over the past decade, but the same cannot be claimed of primary care.In this paper, we consider public safety in primary care.What do we know about the main causes of harm to patients?To what extent are these preventable?How can we enhance public safety?We use these deliberations as a basis from which to propose a strategic response to the pressing challenge of improving the safety record of primary care. Safety and harmBox 1 sets out various notions of safety and harm, but particular considerations apply in primary care.Primary care differs from secondary care in several key respects.][10][11] This leads to variation in practice and, in some instances, justifiable deviation from recommended practice. 12 13As the first clinical port of call, general practitioners deal with a very broad range of symptoms and signs, many of which cannot easily be categorised into a clear diagnosis.Given the different population of patients, the different priorities for their care, and the ambiguities of that care in relation to diagnosis and patient choice, delineating "right or wrong" practice is more complex in primary care than in secondary care.
375 Basal core promotor (BCP) and precore mutations, HBV genotype or serum HBV DNA levels do not allow to distinguish true inactive HBSAG carriers from HBEAG negative chronic hepatitis B with fluctuating alt
Authors: M. Martinot-Peignoux, N. Boyer, B.N. Pham, C. Kumas, V. Esnault, C. Degott, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Errors in Insulin Biosynthesis
Authors: Donald F. Steiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Insulin, like all proteins, is susceptible to mutational change. However, efforts to find abnormal insulin molecules have been unsuccessful mainly because of severe limitations in the availability of material for study. Thus, although over 150 hemoglobin variants have been detected in human beings by now, not a single documented example of an insulin variant can be cited.With the discovery that insulin is synthesized via the larger single chain precursor, proinsulin, which is processed into insulin by selective proteolysis within the beta cells, additional possibilities for inherited structural disturbances became apparent.1 Not only was 50 per cent more protein sequence . . .
Effect of chrysotile asbestos and silica on the microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene.
Authors: C Kandaswami, P J O'Brien
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The effects of chrysotile, water-leached chrysotile, and silica on microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in vitro were studied. Examination of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites generated by 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rat liver microsomes, in the presence of chrysotile fibers, revealed a reduction in the overall metabolism of the hydrocarbon. Thus, chrysotile appeared to modify the activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and epoxide hydrolase. Leaching chrysotile in deionized water for 24 hr elicited a similar response. Silica, in contrast to chrysotile, did not decrease the microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene. Chrysotile, as well as water-leached chrysotile, considerably diminished the microsomal production of water-soluble benzo(a)pyrene metabolites. Precoating the fibers with heparin or bovine serum albumin partially abolished this inhibition. The liver microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in rats subjected to intraperitoneal administration of chrysotile was 58% of that in untreated rats.
Bioabsorbable Stent Quo Vadis: A Case for Nano-Theranostics
Authors: Buket Gundogan, Aaron Tan, Yasmin Farhatnia, Mohammad S. Alavijeh, Zhanfeng Cui, Alexander M. Seifalian
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the most commonly performed invasive medical procedures in medicine today.Since the first coronary balloon angioplasty in 1977, interventional cardiology has seen a wide array of developments in PCI.Bare metal stents (BMS) were soon superseded by the revolutionary drug-eluting stents (DES), which aimed to address the issue of restenosis found with BMS.However, evidence began to mount against DES, with late-stent thrombosis (ST) rates being higher than that of BMS.The bioabsorbable stent may be a promising alternative, providing vessel patency and support for the necessary time required and thereafter degrade into safe non-toxic compounds which are reabsorbed by the body.This temporary presence provides no triggers for ST, which is brought about by non-endothelialized stent struts and drug polymers remaining in vivo for extended periods of time.Likewise, nano-theranostics incorporated into a bioabsorbable stent of the future may provide an incredibly valuable single platform offering both therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities.Such a stent may allow delivery of therapeutic particles to specific sites thus keeping potential toxicity to a minimum, improved ease of tracking delivery in vivo by embedding imaging agents, controlled rate of therapy release and protection of the implanted therapy.Indeed, nanocarriers may allow an increased therapeutic index as well as offer novel post-stent implantation imaging and diagnostic methods for atherosclerosis, restenosis and thrombosis.It is envisioned that a nano-theranostic stent may well form the cornerstone of future stent designs in clinical practice.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF NEW LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK: SUB–ANALYSIS FROM THE PARTNER TRIAL
Authors: Tamim Nazif, Mathew Williams, Rebecca T. Hahn, Wilson Y. Szeto, Raj Makkar, Samir Kapadia, Hasan Jilaihawi, William Fearon, Danny Dvir, Jose Dizon, Todd Dewey, Vasilis Babaliaros, Ke Xu, Craig Smith, Martin B. Leon, Susheel K. Kodali
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)