tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of cimetidine and omeprazole on aspirin- and taurocholate-induced gastric mucosal damage in the rat.
Authors: R J Utley, A S Salim, D C Carter
Journal: Gut (1985)

The effect of varying doses of cimetidine and omeprazole, on acute gastric mucosal lesions produced by topical aspirin (200 mg/kg; 1 ml/100 g) in 0.175 M HCl or topical sodium taurocholate (40 mM; 1 ml/100 g) in 0.175 M HCl was studied in the pylorus ligated rat. Preliminary studies revealed dose dependent inhibition of acid secretion with both cimetidine and omeprazole. Intraperitoneal cimetidine 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg given before topical acidified aspirin reduced mucosal lesions from a control score of 23.7 +/- 3.5 (mean +/- SEM) in which 83% of stomachs contained lesions, to 6.9 +/- 2.2 and 3.5 +/- 2.1 respectively (p less than 0.05), 36% and 27% of stomachs containing lesions. A dose of 250 mg/kg failed to reduce lesion score significantly (17.8 +/- 4.9) and 64% of stomachs contained lesions. Taurocholate-induced lesion score was reduced from a control value of 32.7 +/- 4.3 in which 97% of stomachs contained lesions to 10.8 +/- 3.3 and 15.5 +/- 3.8 by cimetidine 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg respectively (p less than 0.05), 62% and 68% of stomachs containing lesions. Cimetidine 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg failed to significantly reduce mucosal damage. Intraduodenal omeprazole (1.25 to 50 mumol/kg) given before topical acidified aspirin or taurocholate failed to reduce mucosal lesions, as did intragastric omeprazole 5 mumol/kg and 50 mumol/kg given before acidified aspirin. Cimetidine showed cytoprotective properties over a specific dose range beyond which the effect was lost despite continuing suppression of acid secretion. Omeprazole exhibited no cytoprotective activity.
Other AIDS Drug Regimens Beat AZT Alone, Reduce Clinical Progression and Mortality
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

TWO LONG-AWAITED trials of drugs to treat HIV disease and AIDS are yielding results that may prompt a shift away from using AZT (formally known as zidovudine) monotherapy as a first-line treatment for the viral infection. Speaking to a standing-room-only crowd at the annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) held in San Francisco, Calif, last month, researchers from Harvard Medical School, Boston Mass, and Stanford (Calif) University School of Medicine described surprising findings from AIDS Clinical Trial Group 175 (ACTG 175), a multicenter study of nearly 2500 participants. The trial found that AZT, the oldest and most widely prescribed drug for the infection, is less effective in patients with intermediate disease than monotherapy with an alternative antiretroviral drug, didanosine (also called ddI), or than regimens that combine AZT with ddI or another nucleoside analog, zalcitobine (also called ddC). "The finding that treatment in intermediate-stage HIV disease can
From the Institute of Medicine
Authors: A. M. Pope
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Miracle and a Privilege: Recounting Half a Century of Surgical Advance
Authors: R. N Baird
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Francis D Moore Joseph Henry Press, £24.95, pp 450 ISBN 0 309 05188 6

The most dramatic episode recounted in Franny Moore's vividly written autobiography occurred on the night of 28 November 1942, when Moore, then duty surgical resident at the Massachusetts General Hospital, was summoned to the emergency ward after a disaster. There had been a fire at the Cocoanut Grove Night Club in downtown Boston, where almost 1000 partygoers and servicemen on leave had been packed in for drinks, dinner, and a show. Within …
515 MECHANISTIC BIOMARKERS PROVIDE EARLY AND SENSITIVE DETECTION OF PARACETAMOL-INDUCED ACUTE LIVER INJURY AT FIRST PRESENTATION TO HOSPITAL
Authors: D.J. Antoine, J.W. Dear, P. Starkey-Lewis, V. Platt, J. Coyle, M. Masson, R.H. Thanacoody, A.J. Gray, D.J. Webb, D.N. Bateman, J.G. Moggs, C.E. Goldring, B.K. Park
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: George A. Makar, John H. Holmes, Yu-Xiao Yang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

BackgroundLaboratory data suggest a role of angiotensin II in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Whether angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) and/or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use reduces the risk of colorectal neoplasia remains unclear. Given their widespread use, we sought to determine whether exposure to these agents would have a secondary benefit on CRC incidence.
Maximal Lentivirus-Mediated Gene Transfer and Sustained Transgene Expression in Human Hematopoietic Primitive Cells and Their Progeny
Authors: Sophie Amsellem, Emmanuel Ravet, Serge Fichelson, Françoise Pflumio, Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Gene therapy using permanent modifications of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) has increasing potential applications for both genetic and acquired diseases. Considerable progress has been made recently in gene transfer to HSC by the use of lentivirus-derived vectors, which have the capacity to transduce noncycling cells. However, overall efficiency of HSC transduction reported so far is still not sufficient for numerous applications. We describe here an improved HSC transduction protocol, using the previously described lentiviral vector, that leads to more than 90% transduction of human CD34+ cells from cord blood, including NOD-LtSz-scid/scid repopulating cells. Moreover, under the same conditions, we transduce more than 75% and 80% of CD34+ cells mobilized in peripheral blood and from bone marrow, respectively. We further show that transgene expression is stable through time and hematopoietic cell differentiation in vitro as well as in vivo. Such a high HSC transduction efficiency opens new opportunities for both gene therapy applications and functional studies of regulator proteins of hematopoiesis.
RATE OF BLOOD FLOW THROUGH NEEDLES
Authors: Norman M. Hornstein
Journal: JAMA (1949)

To the Editor:—  In their article on the rate of blood flow through needles (The Journal, Aug. 6, 1949, page 1145), Brew and Dill quote Poiseuille's law to prove that the radius of the needle used in blood transfusions is of much greater importance than the pressure applied to the transfusion system in hastening the rate of flow. Their solution to the problem of massive transfusion required in serious hemorrhage and shock cases is therefore rather simple—to use a 15 gage needle.  The use of a large needle would be the solution if the obstruction to flow in these serious clinical instances resided in the needle. However, the needle plays a minor role in the gravely diminished rate of transfusion encountered in the treatment of deeply shocked persons. The chief cause of obstruction to transfused blood is a contracture of the venous smooth muscle fibers. This cause is generally recognized
Pancreatic Replacement Therapy in Fibrocystic Disease
Authors: R. D. Haines
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The malabsorption state in fibrocystic disease was studied by means of radioactive labeled triolein, oleic acid, and albumin. The effect of various pancreatic substitutes on fat absorption was determined. On a weight-for-weight basis lipancreatin appeared to be the most effective of the preparations tested. Twentyfour patients were treated for 6 to 24 months with good control of steatorrhea. Gain in weight and growth in height were comparable to the gains in weight and height of a group of normal children of same age and sex. The authors conclude that lipancreatin is a valuable adjunct for control of malabsorption in fibrocystic disease.
Inheritance of a Cancer-Associated<i>MLH1</i>Germ-Line Epimutation
Authors: Megan P. Hitchins, Justin J.L. Wong, Graeme Suthers, Catherine M. Suter, David I.K. Martin, Nicholas J. Hawkins, Robyn L. Ward
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Persons who have hypermethylation of one allele of MLH1 in somatic cells throughout the body (a germ-line epimutation) have a predisposition for the development of cancer in a pattern typical of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. By studying the families of two such persons, we found evidence that the epimutation was transmitted from a mother to her son but was erased in his spermatozoa. The affected maternal allele was inherited by three other siblings from these two families, but in those offspring the allele had reverted to the normal active state. These findings demonstrate a novel pattern of inheritance of cancer susceptibility and are consistent with transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.
Abstract 2051: Hypoxia-induced triple suicide gene TK/CD/UPRT expression enhances cytotoxicity to GCV and 5-FC and radiosensitization in human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Hung-Tsung Hsiao, Ligang Xing, Xuelong Deng, Xiaorong Sun, Fuqiu He, C. Clifton Ling, Gloria C. Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The hypoxic microenvironment, an important feature of human solid tumors but absent in normal tissues, may provide an opportunity for cancer-specific gene theapy. We constructed two vectors, both under the control of nine copies of hypoxia responsive element (HRE): (1) a herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (TK) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) fusion gene, and (2) a triple-fusion-gene, cytosine deaminase (CD), uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) and monomeric DsRed (mDsRed). Human colorectal cancer cells (HCT8) were transfected with these plasmids, singly or in combination. Stable HCT8-HRE cells were established that contained and expressed the hypoxia-inducible vectors (i.e. HRE-TK/eGFP, HRE-CD/UPRT/mDsRed, or both HRE-TK/eGFP and HRE-CD/UPRT/mDsRed), as assessed by RT-PCR, Western blots and fluorescence microscopy analysis. In in vitro studies, we showed that hypoxia-induced TK/eGFP and CD/UPRT/mDsRed expression not only increased cytotoxicity to GCV and 5-FC, but also led to significant radiosensitization. In HCT8-HRE tumors transplanted in athymic mice, the distribution of TK/eGFP and CD/UPRT/mDsRed co-localized with that of the hypoxia marker pimonidazole. In addition, the administration of GCV and 5-FC in combination with local irradiation resulted in significant tumor regression, greater than that observed with drug or radiation treatment alone. Our data suggest that the hypoxia-inducible TK/GCV+CDUPRT/5-FC triple gene therapy has the ability to specifically target hypoxic cancer cells and significantly improve tumor control in combination with radiotherapy. This novel model is a valuable tool for studying tumor hypoxia and hypoxia-targeted radio-gene therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2051. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2051
Sensing bacteria, without bitterness?
Authors: V.K. Viswanathan
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

In addition to their recognized roles in intra- and inter-species signaling, bacterial quorum-sensing molecules have been implicated in inter-kingdom signaling. A new study in Pseudomonas aeruginosa suggests that mammalian bitter taste receptors may recognize bacterial quorum sensing molecules, and widens the scope of such inter-kingdom communication. Intestinal cells also harbor these receptors, but whether they eavesdrop on bacterial conversations remains an open question.
Pathogenesis and treatment of varicoceles
Authors: Jay Sandlow
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Controversy still surrounds surgical treatment 

The varicocele is an enigma in the treatment of male infertility. Despite over 30 years of evidence that repair of varicoceles results in improved fertility,1 the retrospective nature of most of these reports has led to controversy regarding the utility of treatment. This is compounded by the fact that not all varicoceles cause infertility. Varicocele is present in approximately 15% of men, and, although it is the most commonly diagnosed cause of male infertility, nearly two thirds of men with varicoceles remain fertile. The reason for this discrepancy remains unknown, although it is postulated that the cause of infertility is related to both temperature and time.2 The anatomical and physiological principles of the testicular vasculature and the evidence base regarding surgical treatment are outlined here.

The blood supply to the testis, as well as the resulting counter current heat exchange, results in cooler intratesticular temperatures compared with body temperature.3 Disruption of this system can …
Glucocorticoid induction of epinephrine synthesizing enzyme in rat skeletal muscle and insulin resistance.
Authors: B Kennedy, H Elayan, M G Ziegler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Rat skeletal muscle contains two enzymes which can make epinephrine: phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and nonspecific N-methyltransferase. We studied the time-course and mechanism by which the glucocorticoid dexamethasone increases muscle PNMT activity. We also examined the hypothesis that increased muscle E synthesis may contribute to glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg s.c. for 12 d) increased muscle PNMT activity seven-fold but did not change NMT activity. Immunotitration with an anti-PNMT antibody indicated that the PNMT elevation was due to increased numbers of PNMT molecules. Dexamethasone rapidly increased PNMT activity and this elevation was largely maintained 6 d after glucocorticoid treatment stopped. Muscle epinephrine levels were transiently elevated by dexamethasone. Dexamethasone-treated rats had elevated insulin levels after a glucose load, and chronic administration of the PNMT inhibitor SKF 64139 reversed this increase. Chronic SKF 64139 improved glucose tolerance in normal rats. Dexamethasone induced muscle synthesis of the epinephrine-forming enzyme PNMT. A PNMT inhibitor lowered insulin levels in glucocorticoid-treated rats and glucose levels in untreated rats. These findings are compatible with antagonism of insulin-mediated glucose uptake by epinephrine synthesized in skeletal muscle.
Clinical Indications for Kidney Scanning
Authors: Joseph L. Izenstark, James J. Burden, Hal K. Mardis, Robert Varella
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Kidney scanning with radioactive mercury compounds is a diagnostic procedure which should be used more than it is at present. No patient preparation or instrumentation is necessary. Patient sensitivity to mercury has not been encountered. There is no interference from gas and fecal matter. Sharp contrast between functioning and nonfunctioning areas, definition of functioning renal mass, and tissue visualization in the presence of azotemia are obtained. These advantages outweigh the problems of isotope handling, instrument technicalities, special training, and minimal limitations in interpretation. Among the indications for mercury kidney scanning are iodine allergy, inadequate roentgenography, and a need for spatial and functional evaluation.
Arndt named editor of Archives of Dermatology
Authors: Kimberly Glasbrenner
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Kenneth A. Arndt, MD, will become editor of  American Medical Association'sArchives of Dermatologyon Jan 1, 1984. He will replace Frederick D. Malkinson, MD, of Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, who became editor in 1979.  Arndt is dermatologist-in-chief at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston and is codirector of  hospital's laser unit. He also serves as associate professor of dermatology at Harvard Medical School, Boston.  As editor of  101-year-oldArchives, Arndt plans to make it the type of journal physicians look forward to reading each month.  Archivesshould be a visually attractive journal that contains well-written material of high scientific merit—material of interest to  practicing physician. Arndt adds, I also want to see a highly efficient manuscript review process that responds rapidly to contributing authors.  Arndt is no stranger to  workings of medical publishing, having served on  editorial boards of five such publications, including
Small-Pox in Glasgow--1900-1902
Authors: J. C. McVail
Journal: BMJ (1902)

Instructions with the Tubes.Instructions are sent to each public vaccinator with the tubes, first, to ask only for such quantity of lymph as is imme- diately required; secondly, not to use lymph more than a week after it has been received, but to return it; thirdly, to keep the lymph in a cool and dark place.These instructions are designed to promote a proper care in the employment of lymph and to prevent waste.Duration of the Activity of Glycerinated Lymph.This depends primarily upon the quality of the lymph when collected.A first-class lymph, glycerinated and kept under suitable conditions, may retain its full activity for a year or longer, an average lymph, however, cannot be depended upon to remain fully potent longer than two months, and one of in- ferior quality still less.It is in this respect of range of activity that the determination of the quality of the lymph at the outset is a matter of such importance.It must be understood that the human subject is, as far as is known, the most susceptible animal to vaccinia, and that the transference of vaccine vesicles from the calf to the human subject, with or without glycerination, even if the calf vesicles are not of the first quality, will produce a human vaccinal manifesta- tion typical in every respect, and therefore in all probability possessing full immunizing powers, provided that the calf lymph be used within its period of full activity.In calf lymphs of poor quality the duration of potency may be very short, in some cases hardly compatible with the complete effects of glycerination.Such lymphs need to be recognized at the outset and discarded.Issue and Results.Some of the more recent figures of the issue and results of glycerinated calf lymph prepared in these laboratories may be of interest, especially in relation to the current outbreak of small-pox.During the year ending March 3Ist, 1902, suffi- cient lymph has been issued for 974,595 vaccinations and re- vaccinations.Themaximum amount dispatched in one week was 8o,ooo, in the third week of January, and during the month of January 220.000 tubes were sent out.For the quarter ending December 31st, I9OI, lymph was used for 261,044 cases, and showed a case success of 97 9 per cent., and an insertion success of 93 o per cent.These cases are made up of:Cases.Case Success.Insertion Success.
Abstract 4827: Loss of 11p in primary breast cancer and brain metastases
Authors: Harriet Anna-Liisa Wikman, Katrin Lamszus, Bettina Sielaff-Frimpong, Isabell Wiztel, Manfred Westphal, Klaus Pantel
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Metastatic breast cancer remains essentially incurable, with mortality being especially high in patients who develop brain metastases. Approximately 15% of all epithelial tumors metastasize to the brain, with incidence rates highly dependent on the primary tumor type. Apparently, the brain microenvironment is specifically permissive for the out-growth of tumor cells from some carcinomas but not others. In a previous study we screened by array CGH primary breast tumors and brain metastases. A 10MBp loss at 11pter-p15.4 was found in 70 % of the brain metastases whereas only 15% of the early stage primary tumors showed loss of 11p. In this study the aberration pattern of 11p was verified by microsatellite analysis in primary breast tumors and brain metastases. Six markers with an average spacing of 2 MBp were analyzed at 11p15.5-p15.4. Allelic imbalance (AI) at 11p was found in 26% (11/42) of the primary tumors whereas 71.4% (15/21) of brain metastases showed AI (p=0.001). In primary tumors the occurrence of AI was associated with high grade (p=0.03) and positive lymph node status (p=0.02). Interestingly, primary tumors with a brain relapse showed an equally high AI rate (75%) as the brain metastases (71%) in contrast to primary tumors without a relapse (26%). Furthermore, two matched pairs of primary tumors and brain metastases showed equal aberrations patterns and the third matched pair showed an enlarged AI of 11p, indicating that loss of 11p is defining a specific subgroup of breast cancer patients with a high risk of brain relapse. In summary, these results indicate an accumulation of chromosomal imbalances during the carcinoma-metastasis sequence and the possible involvement of loss of 11p in brain metastasis formation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4827. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4827
Nifedipine-Induced Hypotension and Myocardial Ischemia in Refractory Angina Pectoris
Authors: Roger Sachs
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There are several scientific flaws in the recent article by Boden et al<sup>1</sup>discussing the proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms of paradoxical myocardial ischemia in the treatment of patients with refractory angina who are taking nifedipine coadministered with β-blockers or long-acting nitrates. The first problem is the basic study design. The authors studied a subset of patients who had experienced recurrent episodes of angina pectoris following nifedipine administration and, in an uncontrolled, nonrandomized, open fashion, evaluated each patient's response to study medications. Although the study attempted to investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms of paradoxical angina, this uncontrolled design introduces both patient and investigator bias. Certainly, the patients' psychological and physiological response to a regimen that they expect will cause them pain must confound the validity of any results obtained from the trial. A second major problem is the apparent lack of nifedipine titration. Despite the fact that the patients
Acute Reaction to Dipyridamole during Myocardial Scintigraphy
Authors: S. Angelides, H. Van der Wall, S.B. Freedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: We report an acute allergic reaction to an infusion of dipyridamole. A 56-year-old man was referred for myocardial scintigraphy. He had no history of asthma or diabetes mellitus. His...