tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES ADJACENT TO ISCHEMIC MYOCARDIUM IN DOGS DEMONSTRATED BY POSITRON TOMOGRAPHY (PET)
Authors: M. Schwaiger, H. Schelbert, H. Sochor, R. Keen, L. Yeatman, H. Hansen, C. Selin, J. Barrio
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The presence of an ischemic borderzone in canine myocardium is still controversial. Myocardial dysfunction during acute coronary ligation exceeds the area of subsequent necrosis suggesting reversible injury surrounding the center of ischemia. We tested this hypothesis in 9 closed chest dogs with serial PET imaging and C-11 palmitic acid (CPA) during acute LAD occlusion. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was evaluated with N-13 ammonia. Initial CPA uptake in regions of interest, assigned to control (C), center (CI) and border (BI) of the ischemic myocardium as well as C-11 clearance halftimes (T 1/2) and 20-min residual activities (RA) were determined. In CI, MBF was 33± 12.1% and CPA uptake 36% of control (p<0.001). In BI, MBF and CPA uptake were not significantly lower than in control (85±20% and 88±11% of C). Initial CPA uptake correlated closely with MBF (r=,88) implicating MBF as a major determinant of CPA uptake. T 1/2 was longer in CI than in C (45±32 min vs. 10±4 min; p<0.01) but also in BI (19±8 min; p<0.05). Similarly, RA was 77% higher in CI (p<0.01) and 53% higher in BI (p<0.01) than in C. We conclude that FFA metabolism in areas adjacent to ischemic segments is abnormal, indicating the presence of a metablic borderzone which can be identified noninvasively by PET.
Abstract IA16: Reactivating epigenetically silenced genes
Authors: Peter A. Jones
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Chromatin is inherently refractory to the initiation of transcription and to the binding of regulatory factors. Nucleosomes need to be moved or destabilized from DNA sequences by processes involving remodelers. We have designed a new approach called NOME-Seq which allows us to examine DNA methylation patterns and nucleosomal positioning on individual DNA molecules thus digitizing the analysis of accessible chromatin areas. We have used this approach genome wide to analyze the precise nature and physical sizes of nucleosome depleted regions (NDRs) and examined the effects of mutations in chromatin remodelers on these accessible areas. We have also followed the alterations in chromatin accessibility immediately following drug treatment with DNA demethylation agents. Results from these studies give insights as to the mechanisms of action of the drugs and provide opportunities for future drug development. Citation Format: Peter A. Jones. Reactivating epigenetically silenced genes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
A STUDY OF THE ETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF RHEUMATISM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO "RHEUMATIC DIATHESIS."
Authors: A. P. STONER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The term "diathesis" has so little to commend its use in the scientific terminology of medicine that it is fast falling into disrepute. Indeed, it would seem that it is destined, sooner or later, to lose its place in medical nomenclature along with the "humors" of Galen. In view of the ambiguity of the term then, I will define diathesis as that hereditary condition of the body organism which appears to be present as a necessary initial factor in the production of the disease. The disease which we ordinarily call rheumatism is only one manifested form of this malady. Indeed, there appear to be many varied conditions of rheumatism. Thus we may speak of rheumatism in a plural sense, in that it does not appear to exist as a single entity. It should be understood, however, that this construction is but a temporary one, and that, when we shall have
PWE-022 Changing Lifestyle to Reduce Colorectal Cancer in a High Risk Population: Abstract PWE-022 Table 1
Authors: I A Murray, G P Tarr, R John, A Crowley, J Kok, H Mustafa, H-N Lee, L Weaver, R Smith, Q Son, K M Sii, C Cameron, J Dockerty, M Schultz
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Both genes and environment are important contributors to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Modifying lifestyle has been shown to reduce CRC even in patients with higher genetic risk. Patient anxiety, risk perception and knowledge may affect healthy behaviour change. We examined these and their relation to self-reported lifestyle changes. <h3>Methods</h3> 250 patients who had undergone surveillance colonoscopyfor a family history of CRC were randomly selected. A telephone interview was conducted. Demographics, family history, risk factor knowledge, perceptions of lifetime CRC risk, worry due to family history, and self-reported behavioural change due to thoughts about CRC were obtained. General anxiety was assessed using the GAD-7 scale. Ordinal logistics regression was performed to determine significance. Ethics approval was obtained. <h3>Results</h3> 148 participants responded (69%). Average age was 55.3 years, 96% were NZ European and over 80% had a lifetime risk of CRC of at least 18% (NZ Guidelines groups 2 &amp; 3). Change in at least one lifestyle measure due to concerns about CRC was reported by 88.5%. Dietary variables and physical activity were more likely to be changed (increased fibre, 63%; increased fruit and vegetables, 54%; reduced red meat, 47%; more physical activity, 45%), with consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and body weight less likely to be altered (25%, 26% and 31% respectively). Adjusted odds ratios for the association of knowledge, anxiety and worry with adoption of healthy behaviours <h3>Conclusion</h3> Most patients adopted at least one lifestyle change to reduce their risk. Those with higher anxiety levels, specific worry due to family history, and those who believed they knew more about CRC risk factors were more likely to report healthy lifestyle changes. Overall perceived risk of developing CRC and actual risk due to family history were not associated with behaviour change. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Hypertrophie Osteoarthropathy
Authors: Wilma C. Diner
Journal: JAMA (1962)

CLUBBING OF THE FINGEBS has been known since Hippocrates described curved nails in patients with empyema. In 1889 and 1890, Bamberger and Marie independently clarified the entity of hypertrophie osteoarthropathy, and in 1915 Locke linked it with clubbing as a disease entity. The pathologic features have been well described. Although the etiology is still not clear, a recent theory holds that ischemic lung may effect bone and soft-tissue changes by afferent impulses mediated by the vagus nerve. These impulses result in increased peripheral blood flow, peripheral arteriovenous aneurysms, and the clinical and roentgenologic findings of clubbing and hypertrophie osteoarthropathy. The theory of a vagal reflex mechanism is strongly supported by the fact that the symptoms can be dramatically relieved by intrathoracic or cervical vagotomy. The following is an example of a patient treated in this manner. Report of a Case A 17-year-old male was seen in February, 1959, with the
Abstract 3165: Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates survival and progression in subtype-specific breast cancer by modifying Myc activity
Authors: Michael Mouradian, Palvinder K. Bains, Amy M. Chattin, Ronald S. Pardini
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Overexpression of Myc in breast cancer is associated with poor prognosis and has a unique profile distribution among subtypes. Myc overexpression has been shown to be greatest in basal-like tumors, ∼50%, and least in luminal Her2-overexpressing tumors, ∼9%. Previous studies from our laboratory have identified a relationship between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3) treatment and Myc activity and the effect seems to be specific to the breast cancer subtype and Myc overexpression profile, but is still unclear. In the current study, we investigated the effect of DHA on tumor growth, survival, and invasion in a high Myc expressing cell line, basal-like MDA-MB-231, and a low Myc expressing cell line, luminal Her2-overexpressing BT-474, in vitro. Basal expression analysis confirmed Myc overexpression levels in each cell line. While DHA treatment in the basal-like MDA-MB-231 cells significantly decreased Myc transcriptional activity and p-T58/S62-c-Myc phosphorylation status, the opposite response was observed with DHA treatment in the BT-474 luminal Her2-overexpressing cells, significantly enhancing Myc transcriptional activity and phosphorylation status. Although different responses in Myc activity existed between the two subtype-specific breast cancers, cell viability and apoptosis assays produced similar findings, revealing decreased cellular viability and increased early and late-apoptotic cellular status in response to DHA treatment. Additionally, dramatic decreases in wound healing and invasion index were observed in both cell lines with DHA supplementation compared to control treatments. Myc siRNA treatment rescued BT-474 cells from DHA treatment, confirming that DHA-induced alterations in apoptosis and invasion were initiated by Myc modification. Moreover, Myc knockdown in the MDA-MB-231 cell line displayed results similar to DHA treatment, consistent with our hypothesis that Myc activity is responsible for cellular survival and progression in subtype specific breast cancer. These results show that DHA is applying some of its anti-cancer effects by modifying Myc activity, inducing apoptosis and decreasing invasion in breast cancer, revealing new dietary targets that may enhance current therapeutics. Citation Format: Michael Mouradian, Palvinder K. Bains, Amy M. Chattin, Ronald S. Pardini. Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates survival and progression in subtype-specific breast cancer by modifying Myc activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3165. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3165
Oral-Rehydration Therapy — the Role of Polymeric Substrates
Authors: Charles C.J. Carpenter, William B. Greenough, Nathaniel F. Pierce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Each year, diarrheal diseases kill at least 5 million children before they reach their fifth birthday. For the most part, poor countries bear the brunt of this burden. In many developing nations, it is usual for children to experience three or more serious episodes of diarrhea every year.1 In countries that are not poor, diarrhea remains a neglected but substantial problem, lurking in deprived, diseased, and institutionalized populations. In the United States, diarrhea remains one of the common reasons for the admission of children to hospitals. The elderly, especially in nursing homes, have high rates of diarrhea; its resulting morbidity . . .
Induction of coronary artery spasm by acetylcholine in patients with variant angina: possible role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm.
Authors: H Yasue, Y Horio, N Nakamura, H Fujii, N Imoto, R Sonoda, K Kugiyama, K Obata, Y Morikami, T Kimura
Journal: Circulation (1986)

We injected acetylcholine (ACh), the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, into the coronary arteries of 28 patients with variant angina. Injection of 10 to 80 micrograms ACh into the coronary artery responsible for the attack induced spasm together with chest pain and ST segment elevation or depression on the electrocardiogram in 30 of the 32 arteries of the 25 of the 27 patients. The injection of 20 to 100 micrograms ACh into the coronary artery not responsible for the attack in 18 patients resulted in various degrees of constriction in most of them, but no spasm in any of them. After intravenous injection of 1.0 to 1.5 mg atropine sulfate, the injection of ACh into the coronary artery responsible for the attack did not induce spasm or attack in any of the nine coronary arteries injected in eight patients. We conclude that the intracoronary injection of ACh induces coronary spasm and attack in patients with variant angina and that the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system may play a role in the pathogenesis of coronary spasm. We also conclude that the intracoronary injection of ACh is a useful test for provocation of coronary spasm.
Esophageal Scintigraphy Esophageal Bronchus
Authors: JOHN R. STY, MICHAEL H. WOLFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

In this report, an esophageal bronchus was identified with radionuclide esophageal imaging. The esophageal bronchus, which arises independently from the esophagus, was demonstrated at the time of gastroesophageal reflux, with tracer being seen In the right lung.
Is nasogastric suction necessary in acute pancreatitis?
Authors: R Naeije, E Salingret, N Clumeck, A De Troyer, G Devis
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Fifty-eight patients with mild to moderately severe acute pancreatitis were randomly allocated to treatment with or without nasogastric suction (27 and 31 patients respectively). Intravenous fluids and pethidine hydrochloride were also given. The two groups were comparable clinically at the start of the study. There were no differences between the two groups in the mean duration of the following features: abdominal pain or tenderness; absence of bowel movements; raised serum amylase concentration; time to resumption of oral feeding; and days in hospital. Prolonged hyperamylasaemia (serum amylase greater than 0.33 mU/l) occurred in one patient in the suction group and in three patients in the non-suction group. A mild recurrence of abdominal pain after resumption of oral feeding occurred in three patients in the suction group and in two patients in the non-suction group. Two patients in the suction group developed overt consumption coagulopathy and two others pulmonary complications. No patient in the non-suction group had complications. The findings suggest that most patients with mild to moderately severe acute pancreatitis do not benefit from nasogastric suction. The procedure should be elective rather than mandatory in treating this condition.
Abstract 1241: In vivo analysis of the role of Lyn tyrosine kinase in castrate-resistant LNCaP xenograft tumor growth
Authors: Anousheh Zardan, Michael Cox, Martin Gleave, Amina Zoubeidi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: It is proposed that advanced Prostate Cancer (PCa) tumors develop mechanisms, which re-activate the androgen receptor (AR) axis via oncogenic pathways, in which tyrosine kinases play a crucial role. Genetic manipulation of several tyrosine kinases in vivo revealed that only a knockout of Lyn tyrosine Kinase, compromised prostate gland development suggesting that Lyn plays a critical role in the regulation of AR in normal prostate development. Our results demonstrated that Lyn kinase enhances AR transcriptional activity and promotes prostate cancer cell survival. Thus, we hypothesized that Lyn kinase overexpression accelerates castrate-resistant LNCaP tumor growth and serum PSA relapse to pre-castration levels. Method: LNCaP cells stably overexpressing Lyn kinase (LNCaPLyn) or Empty vector (LNCapEmpty) were generated using clonal selection. 1 × 106 LNCaPLyn and LNCaPEmpty were injected into the male nude mice. Serum PSA level and tumor volumes were followed weekly and mice were castrated when serum PSA values reached 50ng/ml. Results: Interestingly, a higher rate of tumor growth and PSA relapse was observed after casteration in mice bearing the LNCaPLyn compare to the LNCapEmpty-bearing mice. Total protein was extracted from the xenograft tumors and levels of AR, PSA, FKBP52, AKT, pAKT were analyzed. Results of Protein analysis further confirmed the role of Lyn kinase in prostate cancer cell survival and progression to castrate resistant stage. Conclusion: Together, these results suggest that Lyn plays a key role in CRPC development and that inhibiting Lyn expression could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for CRPC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1241. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1241
Dancing on Thursdays
Authors: Robert Burns
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

On Being a Doctor15 April 2014Dancing on ThursdaysRobert Burns, MDRobert Burns, MDFrom Geriatrics Group of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M13-2460 Audio Reading - “Dancing on Thursdays” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Dancing on Thursdays," by R. Burns. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It was a cloudy Monday morning in September, and Helen was my first patient, a walk-in. She sat in the chair next to the desk in the examination room. Her thin gray hair was pulled back from her face in a tight bun, and she looked at me with her searching blue eyes, the usual glint absent. There was a hint of blush against her cheekbones, and it provided contrast to the black-green bruise above her left eye.“I turned to lock the door, and she fell,” Edward said before I could ask the question.I looked at Helen and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Geriatrics Group of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.Corresponding Author: Robert Burns, MD, Geriatrics Group of Memphis, 2714 Union Avenue Extended, Suite 150, Memphis, TN 38112; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Dancing on Thursdays” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Dancing on Thursdays," by R. Burns. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 2014Volume 160, Issue 8Page: 578-579KeywordsElderlyFallsGeriatricsHealth care qualityHeartMemoryNursesNursing homesRabbitsResidency ePublished: 15 April 2014 Issue Published: 15 April 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Aged in their Own Homes: A Further Survey
Authors: H. D. Chalke
Journal: BMJ (1957)

stressed the need to provide domestic assistance before the old people living alone became bedridden and help less, and before infirmity, aggravated by lack of assis tance, had become irreparable ; it emphasized the im portance of obtaining better co-operation between the many voluntary and statutory bodies concerned in this problem ; it indicated that home care was not only cheaper than hospital care but was vital to the morale of the old person ; and it drew attention to those needs of the aged which are not met by the domestic help service?the need for real help with laundry and the need
In-111 Pentetreotide Scintigraphy in Patients With Neuroblastoma
Authors: EGLAL SHALABY-RANA, MASSOUD MAJD, MARY P. ANDRICH, NASSER MOVASSAGHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Objective: 1. To evaluate the relative efficacy of In-111 pentetreotide and I-131 radioiodinated meta-idobenzyl guanidine (MIBG) for detection of primary and metastatic neuroblastoma. 2. To assess the prognostic value of In-111 pentetreotide uptake. Methods and Materials: Seven In-111 pentetreotide and seven I-131 MIBG scans were obtained in six patients with stage IV neuroblastoma and 1 with stage III ganglioneuroblastoma. Three scans were obtained at initial staging and four were obtained during therapy. Correlation was made with concomitant computed tomography scans, bone scans, N-myc oncogene amplification, and clinical outcome. Results: Primary tumor was present in six patients and had been resected in 1. In-111 pentetreotide uptake was seen in two of six primary tumors, I-131 MIBG scan was positive in five of six. In-111 pentetreotide scan was positive in two of four patients with bone metastases, I-131 MIBG scan was positive in three of four. Both showed liver metastases in one patient and did not show bone marrow metastases in another. Overall sensitivity for primary or metastatic disease was 57% (four of seven) for In-111 pentetreotide and 86% (six of seven) for MIBG. Correlation between N-myc oncogene and In-111 pentetreotide uptake was seen in four of seven patients. In-111 pentetreotide uptake correlated with the clinical outcome in six patients with more than 1 year follow-up. Two patients with negative In-111 pentetreotide scans had an unfavorable outcome. One patient died, and the other had local recurrence 15 months after diagnosis. Four patients with a positive scan are alive without disease on follow-up at 13-31 months after diagnosis. Conclusion: In-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy is less sensitive than I-131 MIBG for detecting active neuroblastoma. In-111 pentetreotide uptake on scintigraphy may correlate with the prognosis. However, a larger series of patients is needed for further evaluation.
T cell receptor diversity evaluation to predict patient response to Ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Michael Postow, Manuarii Manuel, Phillip Wong, Jianda Yuan, Marlene Noel, Anais Courtier, Nicolas Pasqual, Jedd D Wolchok
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Ipilimumab blocks the immunologic checkpoint cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and improves overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Since only a subset of patients achieves benefit from ipilimumab, biomarkers that can predict patient outcome are needed. CTLA
Cyclical Variation in the Incidence of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in Western Australia (1985-2010)
Authors: A. Haynes, M. K. Bulsara, C. Bower, T. W. Jones, E. A. Davis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To examine the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in Western Australia from 1985-2010.Incidence rates were calculated for children aged 0-14 years and were analyzed by calendar year, sex, and age at diagnosis.There were 1,873 cases, and the mean incidence was 18.1/100,000 person-years (95% CI: 17.5-19.2). The incidence increased by 2.3% a year (1.6-2.9%) with a sinusoidal 5-year cyclical variation of 14% (7-22%). The lowest rate of increase in incidence was observed in 0-4-year-olds.The cyclical pattern in incidence observed supports the role of environmental factors in childhood type 1 diabetes.
Spontaneous Recovery from the Hepatorenal Syndrome
Authors: Howard Goldstein, James D. Boyle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE combination of azotemia and oliguria developing in patients with serious liver disease has been regarded as an almost uniformly fatal complication. This syndrome is included in the heterogeneous group called "hepatorenal syndrome" by others.Papper et al.1 have described a series of patients with alcoholic liver disease in whom renal failure developed (azotemia, oliguria and terminal hypotension). There was no previous history of renal disease. All 22 patients died, and at autopsy the kidneys were normal on light microscopy. Hecker and Sherlock2 reported 9 cases with a similar clinical picture in which azotemia and oliguria were terminal events. Although . . .