tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thalamus, a theory of everything?
Authors: Walter Massing
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Hallucinations do not originate in a single region of the brain, the thalamus, and cannot be traced back to a single pathological mechanism. They emerge from the complex interaction of several brain regions, and are not necessarily the result of sensory impairment or the effect of a defective filter. In the case of schizophrenia, hallucinations are accessory symptoms, in Bleuler's sense, and are thus not central to this disorder.
Correlation of Clinical and Physiologic Manifestations of Sustained Hyperventilation
Authors: Herbert A. Saltzman, Albert Heyman, Herbert O. Sieker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE hyperventilation syndrome, as seen in anxious, tense persons, is characterized by paresthesia of the extremities and circumoral area, sensations of lightheadedness and altered consciousness and occasionally carpal spasm. Previous studies of this condition have demonstrated various metabolic and physiologic abnormalities, which include respiratory alkalosis, changes in serum electrolytes and electroencephalographic alterations.1 2 3 Precise correlations, however, between the clinical manifestations of the spontaneous hyperventilation syndrome and the chemical and physiologic alterations are not always possible since the clinical disorder is often influenced by anxiety and other psychogenic factors. Moreover, the pathogenesis of symptoms in this disorder is poorly understood, many manifestations . . .
Propranolol During Pregnancy
Authors: John L. Boice
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section (1982;247:2301), I read the reply by Edward K. Chung, MD, concerning the examination of and therapy for a woman with a paroxysmal tachyarrhythmia. While I agree entirely with his approach to the investigation and his conclusions as to the cause of this woman's problem, with the limited data available, I disagree with his choice of medication for pharmacologic intervention. Propranolol hydrochloride is a reasonable drug to use for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia under most circumstances. However, the question posed concerned a 27-year-old woman with symptomatic paroxysmal tachyarrhythmia questionably associated with a spontaneous abortion and implied that this woman may want to become pregnant again. Under these circumstances, I believe that propranolol is not the best medication to use. It is now recognized that propranolol has many adverse effects on the uterine-fetal unit. Although there are no reported series of increased spontaneous abortion
Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines from diethylnitrosamine phenobarbital-treated rats. characterization and sensitivity to endothall, a protein serine/threonine phosphatase-2A inhibitor
Authors: Jean-Paul Thièry, Istvàn Blazsek, Stéphane Legras, Sylvie Marion, Michel Reynes, Aurora Anjo, René Adam, Jean Louis Misset
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is probably one of the most common fatal forms of liver cancer. We have established permanent cell lines from diethylnitrosamine/phenobarbital induced primary rat liver carcinomas to study new anticancer therapies. The rat hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HR-2, HR-3, and HR-4) have been maintained in culture for over 3 years. They form tumors when transplanted sc or im into young syngeneic rats. Immunocytology (alpha-fetoprotein, albumin), biochemical (gamma-glutamyl transferase), and histochemical (glycogen) marker studies and electron microscopy (biliary canaliculi) showed unique, stable differentiation patterns in these tumor lines. They overproduced the c-met protooncogene product and formed colonies spontaneously in semisolid culture with high cloning efficiency (HR-2: 50%-80%, HR-3: 35%-50% and HR-4: 50%-65%). The sensitivity of these cell lines to inhibitors of protein ser/thr phosphatase-2A (PP2A), a key enzyme in the control of G1/S and G2/M cell cycle phase transitions in eukaryotes, was studied in vitro. The specific, weak inhibitor of PP2A, endothall, caused dose- and time-dependent cytostasis specifically in G2/M. The cells died later by apoptosis, which was confirmed by cytology (annexin V-FITC labeling, propidium iodide painting of apoptotic bodies) and by fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS) DNA measurements. The HR-2, HR-3, HR-4, and Zajdela hepatocellular carcinomas were most sensitive to endothall (IC50 of 1.7, 1.2, 0.9, and 1.7 microg/mL), whereas newborn rat hepatocytes growing exponentially in primary culture (IC50 = 6.2 microg/mL), rat DHD/K12 colon carcinoma cells (IC50 = 3.6 microg/mL), or human HT-29 colon carcinoma cells (IC50 = 4.9 microg/mL) were less sensitive. Thus, endothall inhibits preferentially HCC growth and these new rat hepatocellular carcinoma lines may be useful for further biochemical and pharmacological studies on PP2A inhibitors, and for testing new forms of treatment of hepatic cell carcinomas.
Report on chemical exposure is criticised for panicking pregnant women
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A report by the Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology that advises pregnant women to avoid exposure to synthetic chemicals in a range of household products has been criticised for causing unnecessary stress and adding nothing to the debate.1

The scientific impact paper, from the college’s scientific advisory committee, said that pregnant women were exposed to hundreds of such chemicals at a low level and that this exposure could operate additively or interactively.

Although it concluded that on the present evidence it was impossible to assess the risk—if any—from this exposure, it said that women should adopt a “safety first” approach and assume that a risk was present even when it may be minimal or eventually shown to be unfounded.

It said that women should eat fresh rather than processed food whenever possible and to reduce consumption of food in cans and plastic containers, because they may contain chemicals such as bisphenol A and phthalates. 

It also said that women should minimise the use of personal care products such as moisturisers, …
UTILITY OF ROUTINE SCREENING FOR MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA USING TECHNECIUM-99M SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (TC-99M SPECT) IMAGING IN NON-SELECTED POST-RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENTS
Authors: Wee Tiong Yeo, Eric Hong, Arvind Sinha, Raymond Wong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Prolonged Versus Standard-Duration Venous Thromboprophylaxis in Major Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Diana M. Sobieraj, Soyon Lee, Craig I. Coleman, Vanita Tongbram, Wendy Chen, Jennifer Colby, Jeffrey Kluger, Sagar Makanji, Ajibade O. Ashaye, C. Michael White
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: The optimal duration of thromboprophylaxis after major orthopedic surgery is unclear. Purpose: To compare the benefits and harms of prolonged versus standard-duration thromboprophylaxis after major orthopedic surgery in adults. Data Sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus from 1980 to July 2011 and MEDLINE from 1980 through November 2011, without language restrictions. Study Selection: Randomized trials reporting thromboembolic or bleeding outcomes that compared prolonged (≥21 days) with standard-duration (7 to 10 days) thromboprophylaxis. Data Abstraction: Two independent reviewers abstracted data and rated study quality and strength of evidence. Data Synthesis: Eight randomized, controlled trials (3 good-quality and 5 fair-quality) met the inclusion criteria. High-strength evidence showed that compared with standard-duration therapy, prolonged prophylaxis resulted in fewer cases of pulmonary embolism (PE) (5 trials; odds ratio [OR], 0.14 [95% CI, 0.04 to 0.47]; absolute risk reduction [ARR], 0.8%), asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (4 trials; relative risk [RR], 0.48 [CI, 0.31 to 0.75]; ARR, 5.8%), symptomatic DVT (4 trials; OR, 0.36 [CI, 0.16 to 0.81]; ARR, 1.5%), and proximal DVT (6 trials; RR, 0.29 [CI, 0.16 to 0.52]; ARR, 7.1%). Moderate-strength evidence showed fewer symptomatic objectively confirmed episodes of venous thromboembolism (4 trials; RR, 0.38 [CI, 0.19 to 0.77]; ARR, 5.7%), nonfatal PE (4 trials; OR, 0.13 [CI, 0.03 to 0.54]; ARR, 0.7%), and DVT (7 trials; RR, 0.37 [CI, 0.21 to 0.64]; ARR, 12.1%) with prolonged prophylaxis. High-strength evidence showed more minor bleeding events with prolonged prophylaxis (OR, 2.44 [CI, 1.41 to 4.20]; absolute risk increase, 6.3%), and insufficient evidence from 1 trial on hip fracture surgery suggested more surgical-site bleeding events (OR, 7.55 [CI, 1.51 to 37.64]) with prolonged prophylaxis. Limitations: Data relevant to knee replacement or hip fracture surgery were scant and insufficient. Most trials had few events; the strength of evidence ratings that were used may not adequately capture uncertainty in such situations. Conclusion: Prolonged prophylaxis decreases the risk for venous thromboembolism, PE, and DVT while increasing the risk for minor bleeding in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Doctor demands payment for helping airline passenger
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A doctor who answered an emergency call on a transatlantic flight will break new legal ground next month when he goes to court in a bid to force the airline to pay for his services.

John Stevens, a consultant psychiatrist and psychotherapist, was returning with his family from a holiday in California in January 1997 when the call for a doctor went out over the American Airlines jet's public address system.

Dr Stevens, who divides his time between Springfield Hospital in south London and Surrey Oaklands Hospital in Redhill, said that he was initially reluctant to respond to the call, which came just 20 minutes into the flight. “I sat on …
Silly Hematurias: Achtung! It's the Goose Step
Authors: Harry D. Kerr
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Exercise-related hematuria has been described in relation to several sports, and its origin is usually benign.<sup>1</sup>A patient with presumed hematuria associated with an unusual bodybuilding exercise is described below. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 44-year-old man sought a medical opinion regarding one episode of gross painless dark red urination that had occurred the previous day. He reported that he had helped push a car out of a snowbank and had then walked home—a distance of 6.6 km— by "power-walking." On arriving home, he noted the abnormal urination. Subsequent urinations were clear. There was no history of trauma, stones, or other such episodes. He felt healthy and noted no myalgia, stiffness, weakness, swelling, or other urinary symptoms. He had never been hospitalized, and his family history was unremarkable. He had lifted weights and participated in various martial arts daily for many years. Physical examination showed a
The Control of Iron Absorption by the Gastrointestinal Mucosal Cell
Authors: Richard G. Sheehan, Eugene P. Frenkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Gastrointestinal mucosal factors controlling rates of iron absorption were studied utilizing an in vivo closed duodenal loop technique. Cellular distribution of newly absorbed radioiron was identified by molecular sieve and iron-exchange chromatography of the mucosal cell supernate. In the normal animal, iron rapidly appeared in ferritin, and this fraction accounted for greater than 90% of mucosal supernatant radioactivity after 60 min absorption time. The nonferritin radioiron appeared to be unbound iron salts. In the presence of increased iron absorption induced by iron depletion or hemolysis, the major difference from the normal distribution pattern was an increase in the proportion and quantity of the free iron salts. Incorporation of newly absorbed iron into ferritin did not correlate with the rate of iron absorption. No evidence was found for a specific soluble iron-chelating molecule within the mucosal cell. The nonheme iron content of the mucosal supernates from iron-deficient and hemolyzing animals were significantly lower than in the normal animal.The data are consistent with hypotheses which suggest that iron absorption rates may be controlled in part by the rate of initial iron uptake by the mucosal cell and that a membrane transport mechanism exists which is modulated by the nonheme iron content of the mucosal cell or some portion thereof.
Les processus psychothérapiques «sauvages» dans l’environnement relationnel
Authors: Daniel Schurmans
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1978)

Research Articles| February 16 2010 Les processus psychothérapiques «sauvages» dans l'environnement relationnel Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology Daniel Schurmans Daniel Schurmans Centre d'Etudes de Pathologie Relationnelle, Lierneux Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1978) 29 (1-4): 113–117. https://doi.org/10.1159/000287110 Article history Published Online: February 16 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Daniel Schurmans; Les processus psychothérapiques «sauvages» dans l'environnement relationnel. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1978; 29 (1-4): 113–117. https://doi.org/10.1159/000287110 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1978Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Insulin, Free Fatty Acids, and Glucose Response to Intravenous Glucagon Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: P. R. GUPTA, M. K. SINHA, R. J. DASH, P. L. WAHI, G. K. RASTOGI
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The response of plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI), free fatty acids (FFA), and blood glucose to intravenous (I.V.) glucagon is evaluated in ten healthy subjects and in 22 patients following acute myocardial infarction (MI). Heparinized venous blood samples were drawn from patients and subjects in the fasting state and 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after 1 mg I.V. glucagon. Healthy subjects showed a significant increase in insulin (peak at 5 min) and blood glucose (peak 15 min), and a persistent fall in FFA (nadir 90 min). In patients in the first week after suffering an acute MI, there was a significant elevation in fasting blood glucose whereas fasting insulin was low and FFA, normal. After glucagon administration, there was a pronounced rise in insulin and a significant rise in glucose and FFA. Six weeks after the acute MI, the mean fasting blood glucose reading showed a fall whereas insulin rose to normal range. Glucagon elicited a rise in insulin, glucose, and FFA. These results suggest that after MI the insulin resistance is a stronger influence than failure of insulin secretion. The relevance of these results in relation to use of glucagon in large doses in cardiogenic shock of MI is discussed.
THE MIDWIFE PROBLEM IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: ANNA E. RUDE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

American medical literature for more than the last decade has intermittently directed attention to the inadequacy of our laws governing midwives, which contain neither uniform provisions nor required standards. With the exception of the activities in a few cities, this situation has been allowed to drift along without regard for consequences. The part played by faulty obstetric practice as a causative factor in high infant mortality at birth and during early infancy has for a number of years been emphasized constantly in all the efforts to reduce infant mortality. Largely as a result of this emphasis, the midwife situation has been brought to our attention in the light of a problem of national responsibility. Statutory recognition of the midwife has existed in some states for many years, but recently the active interest in child hygiene has caused legislative bodies to pass many new regulations or to amend old ones, so
Comparison of Dietary Protein with an Oral, Branched Chain-Enriched Amino Acid Supplement in Chronic Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Douglas Horst, Norman D. Grace, Harold O. Conn, Eugene Schiff, Steven Schenker, Alfredo Viteri, David Law, Colin E. Atterbury
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

A randomized study was conducted in 37 hospitalized patients at six cooperating hospitals in which protein-intolerant cirrhotic patients were fed increasing amounts of either dietary protein or a branched-chain enriched amino acid solution (BCAA) until they attained an intake of 80 gm protein per day or equivalent or until they developed stage 2 encephalopathy. All patients initially received 20 gm of dietary protein for 1 week, after which 20 gm of protein or BCAA were added weekly. Nitrogen balance improved from negative to positive in all patients in whom it was measured and increased equally in both groups. Seven of the 20 patients in the protein group and 1 of 17 in the BCAA group developed encephalopathy of stage 2 or greater (p &lt; 0.05). Changes in each component of the portal-systemic encephalopathy syndrome were compared, and differences were statistically significant for mental status grade (p &lt; 0.01), asterixis (p &lt; 0.05), Portal-systemic encephalopathy index (p &lt; 0.01), but insignificant for Number Connection Test, EEG or ammonia. Plasma amino acid profiles showed an increase in BCAA in the study group. Thus, oral BCAA supplements appear to induce positive nitrogen balance to approximately the same degree as an equivalent amount of dietary protein without inducing encephalopathy as frequently.
THE PREPARATION AND EMPLOYMENT, IN A SERIES OF CASES, OF A POTENT POLYVALENT ANTISTAPHYLOCOCCIC SERUM
Authors: B. A. THOMAS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Impressed by the questionable propriety of the employment of active immunity with bacterins in the acute stage of an infection, whether localized or generalized, as in furuncle or septicemia — conditions in which, it seems logical to infer, the human organism is already sufficiently stimulated by viable bacteria to the production of specific antibodies, if not completely overwhelmed as in the latter instance, rendering the employment of an inactivated specific antigen inadvisable if not positively harmful — I attempted in September, 1909, the preparation of an antiserum which I hoped might prove useful in antagonizing the diverse lesions of that commonest of all pyogenic cocci, the<i>Micrococcus pyogenes aureus</i>. Various attempts have been made on horses and other animals to produce a potent antistaphylococcic serum, but they have almost invariably resulted unsuccessfully, although Doyen and Paltchikowsky assert that they have succeeded partially. Emery states that "it is possible by special
Reprogramming of the ERRα and ERα Target Gene Landscape Triggers Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Verena Thewes, Ronald Simon, Petra Schroeter, Magdalena Schlotter, Tobias Anzeneder, Reinhard Büttner, Vladimir Benes, Guido Sauter, Barbara Burwinkel, Robert I. Nicholson, Hans-Peter Sinn, Andreas Schneeweiss, Ulrich Deuschle, Marc Zapatka, Stefanie Heck, Peter Lichter
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Endocrine treatment regimens for breast cancer that target the estrogen receptor-α (ERα) are effective, but acquired resistance remains a limiting drawback. One mechanism of acquired resistance that has been hypothesized is functional substitution of the orphan receptor estrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα) for ERα. To examine this hypothesis, we analyzed ERRα and ERα in recurrent tamoxifen-resistant breast tumors and conducted a genome-wide target gene profiling analysis of MCF-7 breast cancer cell populations that were sensitive or resistant to tamoxifen treatment. This analysis uncovered a global redirection in the target genes controlled by ERα, ERRα, and their coactivator AIB1, defining a novel set of target genes in tamoxifen-resistant cells. Beyond differences in the ERα and ERRα target gene repertoires, both factors were engaged in similar pathobiologic processes relevant to acquired resistance. Functional analyses confirmed a requirement for ERRα in tamoxifen- and fulvestrant-resistant MCF-7 cells, with pharmacologic inhibition of ERRα sufficient to partly restore sensitivity to antiestrogens. In clinical specimens (n = 1041), increased expression of ERRα was associated with enhanced proliferation and aggressive disease parameters, including increased levels of p53 in ERα-positive cases. In addition, increased ERRα expression was linked to reduced overall survival in independent tamoxifen-treated patient cohorts. Taken together, our results suggest that ERα and ERRα cooperate to promote endocrine resistance, and they provide a rationale for the exploration of ERRα as a candidate drug target to treat endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
Hereditary Defects Affecting Fertility
Authors: N. E. Reame, E. S. E. Hafez
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

INVESTIGATION of the literature gives evidence of a more important role for heredity in fertility and fertilization than appears to have been realized. Since both male and female contribute to the fertility level of the biologic unit, a diminished capacity for fertilization of one member will result in lowered fertility of the unit. Some 35 per cent of reproductive failure may be due to factors affecting both members of the unit, and 49 per cent of fertility problems are due to male factors alone.1 , 2 These findings suggest an important involvement of the male gamete in fertility disturbances.In both animals . . .