tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disinfection of the Skin of Operation Sites
Authors: E. J. L. Lowbury, H. A. Lilly, J. P. Bull
Journal: BMJ (1960)

factor is taken into account in the design of the study or the analysis of the data.This conclusion is re- inforced by the occurrence of most of the deaths from rheumatic fever (10 of 14) among cases with pre- existing heart disease, and the absence of deaths among the cases without heart involvement at start of treatment.No comparisons have been made with the conflicting reports of results obtained with large-dose hormone therapy, 7-l the most recent of which shows no advantage in a well-controlled study.11A firm deci- sion on the efficacy of large-dose hormone treatment of rheumatic fever will depend on controlled studies of adequate size in which the initial status of the heart is taken into account.Summary A study has been made at the end of five years after the conclusion of treatment of the 497 children who were admitted to the U.K./U.S. co-operative clinical trial of the relative merits of A.C.T.H., cortisone, and aspirin in the treatment of acute rheumatic fever.Four hundred and forty-five of the cases (89.5%) were followed for the complete five years, and the status of the heart was known for 426 of them.Only 16 (3.2%) had died, 14 of them from rheumatic heart disease; 36 (7.2%) were untraced.The very low fatality rate is striking.At the end of five years there is no evidence, on the treatment schedule used in this study, that the prognosis has been influenced more by one treatment than another.This confirms the findings reported at one year.The major factor in determining the incidence of rheumatic heart disease at the end of five years is the status of the heart at the time treatment was begun.For cases without carditis initially the prognosis was excellent, since in 96 % there was no residual heart disease.In cases with carditis initially, but without pre- existing heart disease, the proportion without residual heart disease decreased progressively from 82 % for those with only a grade 1 apical systolic murmur to 30% for those with failure and/or pericarditis.In cases with pre-existing heart disease the prognosis was poor.Only 30% of those without pericarditis or fail'ure and none of those with pericarditis and/or failure were without heart disease at five years.Cases with carditis and without pre-existing heart disease which had recurrences demanding retreatment during the follow-up period had on the average a more severe cardiac status at start of treatment than did those without recurrences requiring re-treatment.At five years a larger proportion of these re-treated cases had murmurs.These results make it clear that treatment of acute rheumatic fever cannot be properly evaluated unless the status of the heart of the patients at the start of treatment is taken closely into account.
Employment after liver transplantation
Authors: Paul C. Adams, Cameron N. Ghent, David R. Grant, William J. Wall
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The objective of this study was to study the factors affecting employment after liver transplantation. The employment status and health status of 203 adult liver transplant recipients was assessed retrospectively in a survey comprising an employment questionnaire, the Sickness Impact Profile (SID), and the Medical Outcomes Survey (MOS). The patient population consisted of all surviving adult patients who had undergone liver transplantation between 1982 and 1992 at our institution and who had survived a minimum of 9 months. Fiftyseven percent of the recipients were employed and 43% of the recipients were unemployed. Eighteen percent of the recipients considered themselves not well enough to work. Other reasons cited for not working in the unemployed patients were early retirement (8%), return to school (3%), family reasons (3%), no work available (3%), and chose not to work (3%). Patient age, duration of disability before transplantion, and type of job before transplantation significantly affected posttransplantation employment status. Health status measurements predicting employment were ambulation, home management, physical functioning, and pain. Older recipients and those who were continuosly out of the workforce for several years before transplantation were the least likely to return to gainful employment after liver transplantation. These findings have implications for assessing the success of liver transplantation and the implementation of strategies to fully rehabilitate patients after liver grafting. (Hepatology 1995;21:140-144).
The portal lobule in rat liver fibrosis: A re-evaluation of the liver unit
Authors: Ekapot Bhunchet, Kenjiro Wake
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

We re-evaluated three schemes of liver organization: the classic lobule, the portal lobule, and Rappaport's liver acinus. The lobular angioarchitecture of normal rat liver and the three-dimensional structure of pseudolubules found in rat livers with fibrosis induced by swine serum were compared with the classic lobule of the pig. Normal and fibrotic rat livers and pig livers were perfused, injected with either India ink or 0.75% OsO4 through the portal and/or hepatic vein, and immersionfixed. Whole lobes and hand-cut thick sections were made transparent with a solution of benzyl benzoate and methyl salicylate. The angioarchitecture of normal rat liver differs from pig liver. In the former, terminal portal branches and central veins interdigitate, and in the latter, numerous terminal portal branches that arise from interlobular portal veins establish a vascular basket surrounding one central vein and forming classic lobule. The structure of liver acinus is never found in the pig liver. The terminal portal branch, together with the terminal hepatic artery and bile duct, are present inside each pseudolobule of fibrotic rat livers. Blood from the terminal portal branch flows through inlet venules into radiating sinusoids, and, at the periphery converges into newly formed septal and angular outlet venules; these venules terminate in fibrotic central veins located at each corner. Pseudolobules are not rugby ball-like as Rappaport's liver acini are but are polyhedron in shape. The rat pseudolobules are comparable with the portal lobule; its structure and microcirculation are the reverse of the pig classic lobule. Rat pseudolobules are different from liver acini, as shown by the following: 1) their three-dimensional shape is different; and 2) they have a reverse relationship to classic lobules while acini are defined to subdivide classic lobules. In normal and fibrotic rat livers, the liver unit is the portal lobule with a terminal portal branch as the axial branch and central veins at the periphery. The co-existence of liver acini and classic lobules is doubtful.
THERAPY WITH THE THYROID HORMONE RECEPTOR AGONIST EPROTIROME IN PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA: RESULTS OF THE AKKA TRIAL
Authors: Barbara Sjouke, Gisle Langslet, Richard Ceska, Stephen Nicholls, Steven Nissen, Maria Öhlander, Paul Ladenson, Anders Olsson, G Kees Hovingh, John Kastelein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Effect of coronary artery pressure on transmural distribution of adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction in the dog.
Authors: C W Buffington, E O Feigl
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

The transmural distribution of alpha-receptor coronary vasoconstriction was studied in 14 closed-chest, morphine- and chloralose-anesthesized dogs. The alpha-receptor-blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine (0.25 mg/kg), was infused into either the anterior or circumflex coronary artery while collection of coronary sinus blood minimized recirculation. The left main coronary artery was cannulated and perfused at constant pressure. Myocardial lactate extraction and blood flow (9 micron radioactive microspheres) were measured during adrenergic activation with intracoronary norepinephrine (2 micrograms/min) at coronary artery pressures of 100, 70, 50, and 38 mm Hg. Flow was 15-25% less in the control region (alpha-receptors intact) than in the alpha-receptor-blocked region, in all layers of the left ventricular wall, at coronary pressures of 100 and 70 mm Hg. When coronary pressure was 50 mm Hg, lactate production resulted (-4% extraction) and significant alpha-receptor vasoconstriction was observed in the outer layer, but was marginal (P = 0.043) in the inner layer, of the left ventricle. Flows were not different in control and alpha-receptor-blocked regions at a coronary pressure of 38 mm Hg (lactate extraction -49%). These data indicate a uniform transmural alpha-receptor vasoconstriction at normal coronary artery pressures that diminished as the heart was progressively underperfused.
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction and syphilitic aortitis.
Authors: G. R. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The importance of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction as a cause of deterioration in cardiovascular syphilis is still a matter for debate.The more widely quoted cardiovascular complications include acute on chronic coronary-ostial occlusion and the precipitation of heart failure.Another complication, poorly documented but theoretically possible, is the precipitation of the rupture of an aortic aneurysm.This report describes a case in which this may have occurred. CASE REPoRTA white man of 60 was admit.ed to hospital complaining of
The Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Diabetic Retinopathy With Cognitive Function and Brain MRI Findings: The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial
Authors: Christina E. Hugenschmidt, James F. Lovato, Walter T. Ambrosius, R. Nick Bryan, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Karen R. Horowitz, Lenore J. Launer, Ronald M. Lazar, Anne M. Murray, Emily Y. Chew, Ronald P. Danis, Jeff D. Williamson, Michael E. Miller, Jingzhong Ding
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE Longitudinal evidence linking diabetic retinopathy with changes in brain structure and cognition is sparse. We used data from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial to determine whether diabetic retinopathy at baseline predicted changes in brain structure or cognition 40 months later. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants from the ACCORD-MIND and ACCORD-Eye substudies were included in analyses of cognition (n = 1,862) and MRI-derived brain variables (n = 432). Retinopathy was categorized as none, mild nonproliferative, or moderate/severe. Tests of cognition included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Stroop test. Primary brain outcomes were gray matter and abnormal white matter volumes. RESULTS Baseline retinopathy was associated with lower gray matter volume (adjusted means of 470, 466, and 461 cm3 for none, mild, and moderate/severe retinopathy, respectively; P = 0.03). Baseline retinopathy also predicted a greater change in MMSE and DSST scores at 40 months in each retinopathy category (MMSE: −0.20, −0.57, and −0.42, respectively [P = 0.04]; DSST: −1.30, −1.84, and −2.89, respectively[P = 0.01]). CONCLUSIONS Diabetic retinopathy is associated with future cognitive decline in people with type 2 diabetes. Although diabetic retinopathy is not a perfect proxy for diabetes-related brain and cognitive decline, patients with type 2 diabetes and retinopathy represent a subgroup at higher risk for future cognitive decline.
Diabetes, Depression, and Death: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Depression Treatment Program for Older Adults Based in Primary Care (PROSPECT)
Authors: Hillary R. Bogner, Knashawn H. Morales, Edward P. Post, Martha L. Bruce
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We undertook the analysis on diabetes in the Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly: Collaborative Trial (PROSPECT) cohort after identifying older persons with diabetes as a subgroup for whom the risk of death has been reported to be increased by coexisting depression (1). We were guided in this exploratory analysis by published criteria for performing and reporting subgroup analyses (2).

At no time did we use automated variable selection methods as Thombs and Ziegelstein (3) suggest. We agree that overfitting is an important problem that deserves careful consideration. We had a prespecified approach to identifying and …
Effects of plasmin on von Willebrand factor multimers. Degradation in vitro and stimulation of release in vivo.
Authors: K K Hamilton, L J Fretto, D S Grierson, P A McKee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

von Willebrand factor (vWF), a multimeric protein that mediates platelet adhesion, circulates in association with the procoagulant Factor VIII (FVIII). In previous reports, plasmin was shown in vitro to inactivate FVIII and cleave the vWF subunit extensively, but to cause only a modest decrease in vWF platelet-agglutinating activity. In the present study, the digestion of vWF multimers by plasmin was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and radioimmunoblotting. In vitro, plasmin degraded the large vWF multimers to smaller forms that could be distinguished from the small multimers present before digestion only by a slightly increased electrophoretic mobility. These plasmin-cleaved "multimers" were composed of disulfide-linked fragments with no intact vWF subunits. Thus, many plasmin cleavages occur within disulfide loops. The slight increase in mobility of plasmin-digested vWF is in part explained by the early cleavage from the multimers of a 34,000-mol wt peptide, which was purified and partially sequenced. The amino-terminal sequence (33 residues) agrees with the previously reported sequence (15 residues) for the amino terminus of the intact vWF subunit. Analysis of plasmin-digested vWF allowed deduction of a model for the native vWF structure, including the approximate location of the interprotomer disulfide bond(s). To determine whether plasmin would digest vWF in vivo, plasmas from 12 patients and 2 normal volunteers who received intravenous streptokinase (SK) were analyzed. Rather than vWF digestion, a two- to threefold rise in vWF antigen and platelet-agglutinating activity occurred within 2 h after a single SK dose, and the increase was greatest among the largest multimers. In contrast, FVIII clotting activity dropped to 10-20% of pre-SK levels. Thus, although plasmin destroys FVIII, a pharmacologically induced fibrinolytic state is associated with significant release of vWF from endothelial cells, platelets, or some other storage pool.
Usefulness of Oral Video Push Enteroscopy in Crohn's Disease
Authors: E. Perez-Cuadrado, R. Macenlle, J. Iglesias, R. Fabra, D. Lamas
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Oral endoscopic examination of the small bowel is of vital importance when studying various clinical conditions. In this study we evaluate the diagnostic yield of push-type enteroscopy in patients with undiagnosed suspected clinical Crohn's disease using lower and upper endoscopy and double contrast X-ray in order to establish the diagnostic value of this instrument in the jejunum.Eight patients displaying symptoms of Crohn's disease, five adults with chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain and three children with retarded growth and weight loss associated with diarrhea underwent ambulatory enteroscopy using a Pentax videoenteroscope.The average depth of insertion beyond the ligament of Treitz was 125 cm. Four patients (50%) were found to have macroscopic and/or microscopic lesions of Crohn's disease in the small intestine, which went unrecognized by other standard endoscopic and radiologic methods. Tolerance was good and there were no complications related to the procedure.Oral videoenteroscopy with biopsy is a safe and useful procedure for diagnosis of Crohn's disease in selected patients with suggestive symptoms and can be of great diagnostic value after failure of conventional endoscopic X-ray methods.
Incidence and Survival for Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Queensland, Australia, 1993-2010
Authors: Danny R. Youlden, H. Peter Soyer, Philippa H. Youl, Lin Fritschi, Peter D. Baade
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon but highly invasive form of skin cancer. The mechanisms that cause MCC are yet to be fully determined. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare the incidence and survival rates of MCC in Queensland, Australia, known to be a high-risk area, with MCC incidence and survival elsewhere in the world. We also analyzed incidence trends and differences in survival by key demographic and clinical characteristics. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective cohort study of population-based administrative data for MCC collected by the Queensland Cancer Registry and supplemented with detailed histopathologic data. Deidentified records were obtained of all Queensland residents diagnosed as having MCC during the period from 1993 to 2010. A subsample of histopathologic records were reviewed by a senior dermatopathologist to determine the potential for misclassification. A total of 879 eligible cases of MCC were included in the study. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Incidence rates were directly age standardized to the 2000 United States Standard Population. Trends were examined using Joinpoint software with results expressed in terms of the annual percentage change. The period method was used to calculate 5-year relative survival, and adjusted hazard ratios were obtained from multivariate Poisson models. <h3>Results</h3> There were 340 cases of MCC diagnosed in Queensland between 2006 and 2010, corresponding to an incidence rate of 1.6 per 100 000 population. Men (2.5 per 100 000) had higher incidence than women (0.9 per 100 000), and rates peaked at 20.7 per 100 000 for persons 80 years or older. The overall incidence of MCC increased by an average of 2.6% per year from 1993 onwards. Relative survival was 41% after 5 years, with significantly better survival found for those younger than 70 years at diagnosis (56%-60%), those with tumors on the face or ears (51%), and those with stage I lesions (49%). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Incidence rates for MCC in Queensland are at least double those of any that have been previously published elsewhere in the world. It is likely that Queensland’s combination of a predominantly white population, outdoor lifestyle, and exposure to sunlight has played a role in this unwanted result. Interventions are required to increase awareness of MCC among clinicians and the public.
The liver annual/5
Authors: Ken Koenig, Harold O. Conn
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

They should focus primarily on the contents and significance of this book, but may comment on any aspect of the book, such as style, appearance, type size, quality of illustrations, adequacy of index, cost or any other feature.Reviewers should feel free to enliven the review by quoting from it, giving examples and comparing it with other books or the classic in the field.
PLASMA GALECTIN-3 LEVELS AND RECURRENT ARRHYTHMIA AFTER SUCCESSFUL ABLATION OF LONE ATRIAL FIBRILLATOIN
Authors: Xiao-Yan Wu, Rong Bai, Songnan Wen, Song-Nan Li, Xin Du, Jianzeng Dong, Chang-Sheng Ma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Lymphotoxin formation by lymphocytes and muscle in polymyositis
Authors: Robert L. Johnson, Chester W. Fink, Morris Ziff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Muscle pieces from 11 patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis were incubated with autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes and the supernates examined for the production of lymphotoxin, a mediator of delayed hypersensitivity, using human fetal muscle monolayers as the target cell. In the case of all 10 active patients, production of lymphotoxin was demonstrated. This mediator was also demonstrated when muscle alone was incubated from two patients with extensive cellular infiltration. Lymphotoxic activity was not found in supernates obtained by incubation of muscle from nine control subjects with their autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes.
655 CLINICAL FEATURES AND RISK FACTORS OF EXTRAHEPATIC SEEDING AFTER PERCUTANEOUS RADIOFREOJUENCY ABLATION FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: K. Shirai, H. Tamai, N. Shingaki, Y. Mori, K. Moribata, S. Enomoto, H. Deguchi, K. Ueda, T. Maekita, I. Inoue, M. Iguchi, K. Yanaoka, M. Oka, M. Ichinose
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Breast Cancer in Mothers Prescribed Diethylstilbestrol in Pregnancy
Authors: Theodore Colton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Further assessment of the long-term risk of breast cancer associated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy.Follow-up continuation through June 1, 1989, of a historical cohort of DES-exposed and unexposed mothers ascertained by review of obstetric records.Totals of 3029 each of DES-exposed and unexposed mothers who had delivered live babies at four centers in the United States during 1940 through 1960. Questionnaires were returned for 92.6% of the DES-exposed and 88.8% of the unexposed women.Breast cancer incidence and mortality assessed from returned questionnaires and review of medical records and death certificates.The relative rate of breast cancer associated with DES exposure, after adjustment for demographic and reproductive variables, was 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.74). For 30 years or more following exposure, the relative rate was not appreciably higher (relative rate, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 1.87) than that in earlier periods. Surveillance and increased detection seemed unlikely explanations for the increased risk, since DES-exposed women had excesses of both large and small breast cancers and the two cohorts reported similar breast cancer detection practices. A history of miscarriage before first term delivery was not associated with breast cancer occurrence.Exposure to DES during pregnancy is associated with a modest but statistically significant increased risk of breast cancer. Contrary to prior indications, the risk does not appear to increase greatly over time. The findings are sufficient to exclude the possibility of a doubling of risk for the period of 30 or more years following exposure.
Coronary Visualization: Indications and Clinical Correlation.
Authors: W. Likoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961Coronary Visualization: Indications and Clinical Correlation.W. Likoff, M.D., F.A.C.P.W. Likoff, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1036_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecent advances in technic enable the coronary arterial circulation to be visualized by means of opaque radiographic material quite routinely. A correlation of this type of examination with the clinical patterns of patients known to have advanced atherosclerosis has been carried out in order to clarify its safety, its diagnostic usefulness and whether or not this form of examination can be of assistance in acute and chronic treatment.The safety of the procedure was indicated by the fact that not a single mortality or serious morbidity occurred in 100 separate procedures.Coronary arteriography appeared to have diagnostic limitations. In discrete... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMyocardial Infarction Patterns in Young Subjects with Normal Coronary Arteriograms 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1036-1036KeywordsAngiographyAtherosclerosisMorbidityMortalitySafetyStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...