tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The discrimination between nickel-sensitive and non-nickel-sensitive subjects by an in vitro lymphocyte transformation test
Authors: K.M. EVERNESS, D.J. GAWKRODGER, P.A. BOTHAM, J.A.A. HUNTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

A lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was able to distinguish between nickel‐sensitive subjects and non‐nickel‐sensitive controls. Sixty‐one out of 66 (92%) nickel‐sensitive subjects had positive stimulation indices in 6‐ and/or 7‐day assays using 5 μg/ml of nickel sulphate, whereas none of the 43 controls gave positive results. Stimulation indices were not enhanced by the patch testing of subjects to nickel before performing the LTT. A weak correlation was seen between the results of the LTT and the macroscopic degree of patch‐test reactivity. The concentration of nickel sulphate used (5 μg/ml) did not have a significant non‐specific mitogenic effect.
Management of Inflammatory Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Chiu-Chen Wang
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Inflammatoryrcinoma of the breast is a clinical entity with no distinct histologic characteristics. The term is derived from the fact that the involved breast shows the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation—redness, heat, swelling, and pain. The condition was first described by Lee and Tannenbaum<sup>32</sup>in 1924 and later emphasized by Taylor and Meltzer<sup>33</sup>in 1938 as an uncommon variant of breast cancer. Haagensen's<sup>31</sup>diagnostic criteria are enlargement of the breast, either a distinct breast mass or generalized induration, redness and edema of the mammary skin, and biopsy proof of carcinoma; the redness must involve more than one third of the breast. This type of carcinoma is usually extremely undifferentiated with high-grade malignancy. There is extensive involvement and blockage of the dermal and subdermal lymphatics, resulting in edematous thickening and reddening of the skin, a characteristic pitted appearance known as "peau d'orange" or "pigskin." The disease is
More on the Most Terrible of the Ministers of Death
Authors: Nicolau Barquet
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 May 1998More on the Most Terrible of the Ministers of DeathNicolau Barquet, MD and Pere Domingo, MDNicolau Barquet, MDAutonomous University of Barcelona; Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this author and Pere Domingo, MDAutonomous University of Barcelona; Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The anecdote provided by Dr. Loge documents Jefferson's extraordinary concern for the scientific advances of his time and for public health. In contrast to the lack of interest shown by his predecessor, John Adams, Jefferson tried to diffuse smallpox vaccine to indigenous U.S. populations [1].We do not question the historical importance of the event narrated by Dr. Loge, but as he himself recognizes, history is full of “ifs.” If the circumstances of Lewis's expedition had been more favorable as far as the vaccine is concerned, the result would undoubtedly have been an important historical episode, comparable to ...References1. Parish HJ. Victory with Vaccines: The Story of Immunization. Edinburgh: E & S Livingstone; 1968. Google Scholar2. Smith MM. The “Real Expedicion Maritima de la Vacuna” in New Spain and Guatcmala. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 1974; 64:1-74. Google Scholar3. Hopkins DR. Princes and Peasants: Smallpox in History. Chicago: Univ of Chicago Pr; 1983. Google Scholar4. Christopher GW, Cieslak TJ, Pavlin JA, Eitzen EM Jr. Biological warfare: a historical perspective. JAMA. 1997; 278:412-7. Google Scholar5. Cohen J. Is an old virus up to new tricks? Science. 1997; 277:312-3. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Autonomous University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 9Page: 785KeywordsHand strengthImmune systemNative American peoplePopulation statisticsPrevention, policy, and public healthRacial and ethnic issuesVaccines Issue Published: 1 May 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Congress and Animal Experimentation
Authors: Maurice B. Visscher
Journal: JAMA (1966)

For the second time in its history the Congress of the United States is seriously considering legislation dealing with various aspects of regulation of the use of animals in research and teaching. On the first occasion at about the turn of the last century one House of Congress passed a bill which would have established in this country a system comparable to that in force in Great Britain, the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876, which Sir William Osler called "the drastic act which has so hampered medical research in the British Isles." His characterization has proved to be tragically correct, especially in surgery. Professor William H. Welch led the medical and related biological research and educational groups in educational activity which brought defeat of the bill in the other House, and saved the people not only of this country but of the world from the tragedy of an unnecessarily
Mobile Intensive Care in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: R. J. Kernohan, R. B. McGucken
Journal: BMJ (1968)

In the first six months of its existence a mobile intensive care unit was used to admit 95 patients with definite or probable myocardial infarction to the local district hospital. Though the area served was a rural one, with a radius of about 25 miles from the hospital, the average interval between receiving a call and starting intensive care was less than 30 minutes. Five patients with ventricular fibrillation were successfully resuscitated by the mobile team outside hospital. The mobile unit has made it possible to admit many more patients with myocardial infarction to hospital than before, and we believe its cost and use of skilled staff are justified by the results. The unit reduces the delay between the onset of symptoms and initiation of intensive care and thus diminishes the risk of primary ventricular fibrillation, which is maximal soon after the onset of symptoms. Since mobile intensive care removes the risk of transport it allows concentration of cases of acute myocardial infarction in the larger hospitals.
2. THE EFFECT OF KERATIN HYDRATION ON SEBUM EXCRETION RATE Pilo-sebaceous duct physiology
Authors: W.J. CUNLIFFE, W.D.H. PERERA, S.G. TAN, M. WILLIAMS, S. WILLIAMS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Sebum excretion rate was measured before and after occlusions of the skin in eleven subjects. The sebum excretion rate rose significantly following occlusion, confirming the view that there is an obstruction to the outflow of sebum with keratin hydration.
Lymphocyte Subsets in Healthy Children During the First 5 Years of Life
Authors: Thomas Denny
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To assess whether relative and absolute values of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio change in relation to age, and to estimate the fifth and 95th percentiles for these values in children of various ages.Phenotypic analysis of lymphocyte subsets was performed on blood samples from 208 healthy children, aged 1 through 59 months, using standard flow cytometric techniques.Regression analysis demonstrated that CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts declined significantly with advancing age (P less than .000001 and P = .03, respectively). Since CD4 and CD8 counts depend on total lymphocyte count, the percentage of total lymphocytes of each phenotype was also analyzed and demonstrated that the CD4 percentage was highly age dependent (P less than .000001). The CD8 percentage increased with age (P = .0001) but not as much as the CD4 percentage decreased. Median CD4 counts (fifth and 95th percentiles) for children 2 through 3, 4 through 8, 12 through 23, and 24 through 59 months of age were 2.83 (1.46 to 5.11), 2.95 (1.69 to 4.61), 2.07 (1.02 to 3.60), and 1.80 (0.90 to 2.86) x 10(9)/L, respectively.Healthy children's CD4 lymphocyte counts are considerably higher than previously established adult values. These data demonstrate that age is an important consideration in interpretation of lymphocyte subsets in children. This may be especially relevant in children who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, where CD4 lymphocyte values play a central role in monitoring disease progression and determining thresholds for medical interventions.
Effect of Carbon Monoxide Exposure on Intermittent Claudication
Authors: WILBERT S. ARONOW, EDWARD A. STEMMER, MICHAEL W. ISBELL
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The effect of breathing 50 ppm of carbon monoxide for two hours versus compressed, purified air for two hours on intermittent claudication was evaluated in ten men in a double-blind study. The mean venous carboxyhemoglobin level insignificantly decreased from 1.12% to 0.90% after breathing compressed, purified air but significantly increased from 1.08% to 2.77% after breathing carbon monoxide ( P &lt; 0.001). The mean exercise time until the onset of intermittent claudication insignificantly increased from 169 sec to 173 sec after breathing compressed, purified air but significantly decreased from 174 sec to 144 sec after breathing carbon monoxide ( P &lt; 0.001). Breathing 50 ppm of carbon monoxide for 2 hr significantly aggravated intermittent claudication of the calf or thigh due to angiographically documented occlusive arterial disease.
Scintigraphic Features of Giant Cell Tumor
Authors: HENRY M. GOODGOLD, DAVID C. P. CHEN, MASSOUD MAJD, NICHOLAS G. NOLAN, MARTIN MALAWER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The scintigraphic appearance of giant cell tumor of bone in six patients is presented. Patients were studied by means of Tc-99m MDP bone scanning. On early blood pool and delayed imaging, markedly increased activity was noted, characteristically displaying a "ring" pattern that is readily discernible from patterns seen in bone cysts and nonosteogenic fibroma. The extent of the lesion, as judged by scintigraphic techniques, was roughly equal to estimates of extent by other radiographic modalities. Only one example of a different lesion mimicking giant cell tumor was encountered in over 100 cases of a variety of primary bone neoplasms reviewed. We conclude that giant cell tumor has a characteristic scintigraphic appearance.
Hypercapnia as the influencing factor of pulse oximetry
Authors: J. Hinkelbein, H. V. Genzwuerker
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Hypercapnia as the influencing factor of pulse oximetryTo the Editors:We would like to comment on the recently published study by MUN ˜OZ et al. [1], which analysed accuracy and precision of pulse oximetry at different carbon dioxide arterial tension (Pa,CO 2 ) levels.Although the paper investigates an interesting hypothesis, significant limitations should be addressed.
PATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL HISTORY OF AMEBIC DYSENTERY.
Authors: H. F. HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<h3>PATHOLOGY.</h3> The alterations found in the bodies of those dead of amebic dysentery vary greatly, depending on the time that the disease has existed, the extent of the intestinal lesions, and the complications that have arisen during the course of the malady—some lesions being always found, while others are encountered with greater or less frequency. Among the most common of these is emaciation, which, especially in chronic cases, is often extreme. On opening the abdominal cavity peritonitis is occasionally encountered, which may be very mild, and frequently extends but little beyond that portion of the membrane that surrounds the large gut, but in those cases where perforation has occurred a general suppuration of the entire cavity is found, except it be that adhesions of such a character have previously formed that the contents of the intestine are poured into a closed sac cut off from the
Abstract 132: <i>miR-133a</i> as a tumor suppressive microRNA targeting multiple oncogenes in head neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nijiro Nohata, Toyoyuki Hanazawa, Naoko Kikkawa, Muradil Mutallip, Miki Fuse, Takeshi Chiyomaru, Kazumori Kawakami, Hideki Enokida, Masayuki Nakagawa, Yoshitaka Okamato, Naohiko Seki
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) represent 6% of all cancers. Despite of considerable advances in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the overall 5-year survival rate for patients is less than 40% in advanced stage. The understanding of the new molecular pathways of HNSCC carcinogenesis would be helpful in improving diagnosis and therapy of the disease. MicroRNA(miRNA) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules, which regulate gene expression by repressing translation or cleaving RNA transcripts in a sequence-specific manner. Growing evidence suggests that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in many human cancers, and that they play significant roles in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Bioinformatic prediction indicates that miRNAs regulate more than 30% of the protein coding genes. The study of the tumor suppressive miRNAs and their target genes search is important for understanding of the HNSCC carcinogenesis. Based on our miRNA expression signature of HNSCC, miR-133a is one of the down-regulated miRNA and this finding suggests that miR-133a is a candidate of tumor suppressor. Gain-of-function analysis revealed that miR-133a transfectant inhibited cell proliferation and cell invasion in cancer cells. For target genes search of miR-133a in cancer cells, we performed genome-wide protein coding expression analysis. Among the expression study, several candidate genes were identified, such as, fascin homolog 1 (FSCN1), glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and caveolin-1 (CAV1). Silencing of these genes showed that significant inhibition of cell growth and invasion were demonstrated in HNSCC cancer cells. Tumor suppressive miR-133a and its target oncogenes may provide new insights into the mechanisms in cancer. Our findings have therapeutic implications and may be exploited for future HNSCC treatments. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 132. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-132
Epicutaneous Immunotherapy Prevents Further Sensitization to Peanut in a Model of Mice Sensitized to Milk
Authors: Lucie Mondoulet, Vincent Dioszeghy, Emilie Puteaux, Mélanie Ligouis, Véronique Dhelft, Christophe Dupont, Pierre Henri Benhamou
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Randomized Clinical Trials-Reply
Authors: Peter P. Morgan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  Even if the treatments being compared are equivalent, randomized allocation must be substituted for any preference the physician might have for a particular treatment in a given patient: hence, judgment is set aside. The word substandard may be a little strong; however, if one of the treatments in the trial emerges as distinctly superior to the others, patients having received the latter have—inadvertently—been given an inferior treatment during the trial.  I assume that physicians explain these two fundamental concepts to patients whom they are encouraging to participate in a clinical trial.
Ammonia and the neutrophil in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis
Authors: Debbie L. Shawcross, Shabnam S. Shabbir, Nicholas J. Taylor, Robin D. Hughes
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) constitutes a neuropsychiatric syndrome which remains a major clinical problem in patients with cirrhosis. In the severest form of HE, cirrhotic patients may develop varying degrees of confusion and coma. Ammonia has been regarded as the key precipitating factor in HE, and astrocytes have been the most commonly affected cells neuropathologically. Although the evidence base supporting a pivotal role of ammonia is robust, in everyday clinical practice a consistent correlation between the concentration of ammonia in the blood and the manifest symptoms of HE is not observed. More recently the synergistic role of inflammation and infection in modulating the cerebral effects of ammonia has been shown to be important. Furthermore, it has been recognized that infection impairs brain function both in the presence and absence of liver disease. Thus it could be postulated that in the presence of ammonia, the brain is sensitized to a systemic inflammatory stimulus and is able to elicit an inflammatory response involving both proinflammatory and neurotransmitter pathways. Ammonia is not only directly toxic to astrocytes but induces neutrophil dysfunction with the release of reactive oxygen species, which contribute to oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. This may further exacerbate the cerebral effects of ammonia and potentially reduce the capacity of the neutrophil to fight microbial attack, thus inducing a vicious circle. This evidence supports the neutrophil in addition to ammonia as being culpable in the pathogenesis of HE, making the neutrophil a target for future anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies in addition to ammonia lowering therapies. (Hepatology 2010.)
Aspirin in In-Flight Emergencies
Authors: Alfred F. Parisi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 February 1998Aspirin in In-Flight EmergenciesAlfred F. Parisi, MDAlfred F. Parisi, MDThe Miriam Hospital; Providence, RI 02906Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-4-199802150-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Sloan's letter nicely points out the continued lack of attention to aspirin as an important agent in our therapeutic arsenal. My colleagues and I fully agree that aspirin should be among the drugs in the emergency kits placed in vehicles used for public transportation. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Alfred F. Parisi, MDAffiliations: The Miriam Hospital; Providence, RI 02906 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1998Volume 128, Issue 4Page: 326-327KeywordsAspirinDrugs ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Hot Dog as Pathogen Carrier
Authors: Morris A. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Scare headlines such as "Hot dogs a potential source of pathogens" (222:633, 1972), unsubstantiated by the subtended article, are best left to the<i>National Enquirer</i>. The research described is essentially meaningless as presented. There is no indication as to why survival of<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i>in cooked frankfurters was considered a subject worth investigating. Has<i>S schenkii</i>been found in frankfurter meat? If not, is there some expectation that it should be found in this product? Has sporotrichosis been associated with ingestion of frankfurters? Is there any report of acquisition of sporotrichosis by ingestion of any type of food? Why was all-beef frankfurter meat selected for investigation, rather than, say, hamburger meat or beets (which grow in soil at least potentially populated by<i>S schenckii</i>). The term "rare" is, of course, relative, but I don't believe that it is accurate to state that "Sporotrichosis is rare in the
Silymarin retards collagen accumulation in early and advanced biliary fibrosis secondary to complete bile duct obliteration in rats
Authors: G Boigk, L Stroedter, H Herbst, J Waldschmidt, E O Riecken, D Schuppan
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Silymarin (SIL), a standardized plant extract containing about 60% polyphenole silibinin, is used as a hepatoprotective agent. Its antifibrotic potential in chronic liver diseases has not been explored. Therefore, we applied SIL to adult Wistar rats that were subjected to complete bile duct occlusion (BDO) by injection of sodium amidotrizoate (Ethibloc). This treatment induces progressive portal fibrosis without significant inflammation. Rats with sham-operation that received SIL at 50 mg/kg/d (n = 10) and rats with BDO alone (n = 20) served as controls, whereas groups of 20 animals were fed SIL at a dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg/d during weeks 1 through 6 or doses of 50 mg/kg/d during weeks 4 through 6 of BDO. Animals were sacrificed after 6 weeks for determination of blood chemistries, total and relative liver collagen (as hydroxyproline [HYP]), and the serum aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type III (PIIINP). BDO in untreated rats caused an almost ninefold increase in total liver collagen (16.1 ± 3.1 vs. 1.8 ± 0.4 mg HYP, P &lt; .001). SIL at 50 mg/kg/d reduced total HYP by 30% to 35%, either when given from week 1 through 6 or from week 4 through 6 after BDO (10.6 ± 2.7 and 10.2 ± 3.9 mg HYP, both P &lt; .01 vs. BDO alone), whereas 25 mg/kg/d were ineffective. Because SIL at 50 mg/kg/d also reduced the collagen content per gram of liver tissue, it acted as a true antifibrotic agent. The single value of PIIINP at killing paralleled the antifibrotic activity of SIL with 11.6 ± 3.8 and 9.9 ± 3.7 vs. 15.3 ± 5.2 microg/L in both high-dose groups ( P &lt; .05 and P &lt; .01, respectively, vs. rats with BDO alone). Except for a decreased alkaline phosphatase and a lower histological fibrosis score in the groups that received SIL, clinical-chemical parameters were not different among all groups with BDO. We therefore conclude that 1) BDO with Ethibloc is a suitable model to test for pure antifibrotic drugs because it induces progressive rat secondary biliary fibrosis without major inflammation; 2) oral SIL can ameliorate hepatic collagen accumulation even in advanced (biliary) fibrosis; and 3) PIIINP appears to be a suitable serum marker to monitor the inhibition of hepatic fibrogenesis in this model of biliary fibrosis.