tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Primary Cerebral Tumors, Results of a Multi-Center Study in the Veneto Region of Northern Italy
Authors: P. Zampieri, G. B. Soattin, R. Faggin, P. L. Longatti, M. Gerosa, C. Licata, L. Casentini, V. Fornezza, A. Agostini, S. Mingrino
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1991)

The authors present the results of a multi-center epidemioiogical study on primary cerebral tumors, conducted in the Veneto Region of northern Italy by the Region's four neurosurgical departments, A total of 655 patients were included in the study: There were 365 (58.8%) males and 270 (41.2%) females. Surgery was performed on 559 cases (85.3%), with histological verification by the same neuropathologist. This report refers in particular to the 309 cases of supratentorial malignant astrocytomas: all underwent surgery-followed by radiotherapy in 71% of cases and by chemotherapy in only 5%. The results of this conventional treatment were: median survival 338 days; 1-year survival rate 44%, 2-year survival 9%. As regards prognosis, no differences were observed between anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastowas. The main prognostic factors in this series were: patient's age, extent of surgical removal, initial performance status (Karnofsky rating), radiotherapy and duration of symptoms.
Alcohol-Impaired Driving Among Adults — United States, 2012
Authors: Amy Jewett, Ruth A. Shults, Tanima Banerjee, Gwen Bergen
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

Alcohol-impaired driving crashes account for approximately one third of all crash fatalities in the United States. In 2013, 10,076 persons died in crashes in which at least one driver had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) ≥0.08 grams per deciliter (g/dL), the legal limit for adult drivers in the United States. To estimate the prevalence, number of episodes, and annual rate of alcohol-impaired driving, CDC analyzed self-reported data from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. An estimated 4.2 million adults reported at least one alcohol-impaired driving episode in the preceding 30 days, resulting in an estimated 121 million episodes and a national rate of 505 episodes per 1,000 population annually. Alcohol-impaired driving rates varied by more than fourfold among states, and were highest in the Midwest U.S. Census region. Men accounted for 80% of episodes, with young men aged 21-34 years accounting for 32% of all episodes. Additionally, 85% of alcohol-impaired driving episodes were reported by persons who also reported binge drinking, and the 4% of the adult population who reported binge drinking at least four times per month accounted for 61% of all alcohol-impaired driving episodes. Effective strategies to reduce alcohol-impaired driving include publicized sobriety checkpoints, enforcement of 0.08 g/dL BAC laws, requiring alcohol ignition interlocks for everyone convicted of driving while intoxicated, and increasing alcohol taxes.
Comparison of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) toxicity in elderly and younger patients (pts) with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)
Authors: K. Jahnke, A. Korfel, P. Martus, M. Weller, U. Herrlinger, L. Fischer, E. Thiel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8041 Background: A reduced dose of HDMTX is often given to elderly pts because of the risk of toxicity. This may result in loss of treatment efficacy and further prognosis impairment in this poor prognosis population. Methods: HDMTX toxicity was prospectively evaluated in an ongoing randomized multicenter phase IV study in PCNSL pts. In 154 pts, an analysis of toxicity according to the pts' age was performed. Median age was 61 years (yrs). Sixty-five pts were ≤ 60 yrs and had a median Karnofsky performance score (KPS) of 80, 89 pts were > 60 yrs and had a median KPS of 70. HDMTX (4 g/m2 per course) was administered as a 4-hour intravenous (IV) infusion on day 1 every 2 weeks for a maximum of 6 courses and was accompanied by IV hydration, urinary alkalinization, and leucovorin rescue at a dose of 30 mg IV every 6 hours after 24 hours of HDMTX infusion. HDMTX dose reduction was performed according to creatinine clearance values evaluated before each treatment course: the percentage of dose reduction equaled the percentage of creatinine clearance value below 100 ml/min. Results: Toxicity was generally mild to moderate. No statistically significant differences in frequency and severity of toxicity between pts ≤ 60 and > 60 yrs were noted (table). No therapy-related deaths occurred. Dose reduction due to decrease in creatinine clearance was much more frequent in pts > 60 yrs than in those ≤ 60 yrs (43.9 % versus 17.5 %, p = 0.001). Conclusions: HDMTX is safe regardless of age when dose reduction is performed according to creatinine clearance. Dose reduction solely according to age does not appear to be justified. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Barebacking among men who have sex with men recruited through a Swedish website: associations with sexual activities at last sexual encounter
Authors: R C Berg, R Tikkanen, M W Ross
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

The research topic of barebacking emerged in the mid-1990s. Since then, a multitude of studies, largely from the United States, have produced invaluable knowledge of factors that help explain the behaviour among men who have sex with men (MSM), and that may contribute to HIV risk reduction programming and advice to counsellors working with barebackers. Given the scant empirical research about barebacking among European MSM, we conducted a survey among 3,634 MSM recruited through a web community in Nordic countries. The objectives of the study were twofold: to describe the sexual activities associated with barebacking behaviour at last sexual encounter, and to evaluate the relationship of barebacking with relevant variables. Men who reported barebacking (n=356) and men who did not (n=3,278) were compared. On the basis of the results of the analyses, the socio-sexual profile of barebackers drawn was one that is at increased risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections due to their sexual practices, particularly unprotected anal intercourse, but also group sex and rimming. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of engaging in barebacking was higher for MSM who reported more frequent HIV testing (odds ratio (OR)=5.16), a higher number of female sex partners (OR=16.80), using gay cruising places (OR=1.51) and gay chat rooms (OR=2.11).
Prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease by Abnormal Ankle-Brachial Index in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Francesco Violi, Giovanni Daví, William Hiatt, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Gino R. Corazza, Francesco Perticone, Marco Proietti, Pasquale Pignatelli, Anna R. Vestri, Stefania Basili
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Somatization and depression in fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: L J Kirmayer, J M Robbins, M A Kapusta
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Psychiatric diagnoses, self-reports of symptoms, and illness behavior of 20 fibromyalgia patients and 23 rheumatoid arthritis patients were compared. The fibromyalgia patients were not significantly more likely than the arthritis patients to report depressive symptoms or to receive a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis of major depression. These results do not support the contention that fibromyalgia is a form of somatized depression. Fibromyalgia patients, however, reported significantly more somatic symptoms of obscure origin and exhibited a pattern of reporting more somatic symptoms, multiple surgical procedures, and help seeking that may reflect a process of somatization rather than a discrete psychiatric disorder.
Abstract 18024: Physiologic and Molecular Characterization of a Murine Model of Pulmonary Insufficiency
Authors: Sushma Reddy, Mingming Zhao, Giovanni Fajardo, Joshua M Spin, Daniel Bernstein
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Pulmonary insufficiency (PI) is a common long-term outcome after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, causing progressive right ventricular (RV) dilation and eventual RV failure. We charact...
Letter from Washington DC: Guns don't die. People do
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

“We must stop walking down the American path of gun culture.” That one statement distils the essence of the collective will to reform Australia's gun laws that developed after the massacre of 35 people at Tasmania's Port Arthur. Australia's prime minister, John Howard, gave it early prominence—“The governments of Australia decided that this country was not to go down the American path,” and nearly every editorial writer, columnist, and radio host in the country repeated it endlessly. It became the argument that short circuited the need for any other explanation. I have just spent five weeks in the United States working on a book analysing the passage of Australia's new gun laws inspired by the Port Arthur massacre. The American path motif was hard to ignore. Gun deaths here are an obvious place to start. Apart from Colombia—where soccer players can get killed for an own goal—and (interestingly) Russia, no other country outside a war zone comes near to the USA when it comes to gun deaths.
Abstract 2208: Role of Longitudinal and Circumferential Strain Rate in the Prediction of Left Ventricular Remodeling and Prognosis After Myocardial Infarction: The VALIANT Study
Authors: Chung-Lieh Hung, Anil Verma, Mikhail Bourgoun, Amira H Hassanein, John J McMurray, Eric J Velazquez, Lars Kober, Marc A Pfeffer, Scott D Solomon
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Racial disparity in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer in individuals less than 50 years of age
Authors: G. Singh, D. Randhawa, S. Randhawa, A. Amin, W. Baddoura, G. Guron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

3733 Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a disease of older adults. National awareness of the disease has increased since the adoption of screening colonoscopy for all individuals over the age of 50. How ever some patients are diagnosed at younger age. Our objective was to assess the racial disparity, if any in this age group. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed CRC data from two inner city hospitals in north New Jersey over period of 12 yr at one institution (1992–2004) and 10 years at other (1994–2004). Results: Over all number of patient diagnosed with CRC 1299: 930 (71%) white, 342 (26%) black, and 27 (2%) were other racial background. We identified 124 patients (9.5%) who were less than 50year age: 72 (58%) white and 48(38%) were black. The increase number of cases in the black with CRC in the below 50 age group was statistically significant (p=0.0007 by chi-square). Conclusions: Based on this retrospective analysis large population studies will be needed to determine whether current CRC screening guideline should be modified in Black population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Soundings: On covering one's mouth (when yawning)
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A simple observational study recently found that 67.5% of medical students attending morning conference did not cover their mouth while yawning.

The data are still with the statisticians, who raised several problems. Could the extreme boredom of attending these conferences have induced excessive yawning and biased the results? Were genders and races adequately represented in the study? Can the results be extrapolated to livelier conferences? Was there a distinction drawn between the students on call the night before and those partying only until 2 am? And was the study adequately powered to yield a meaningful result?

There were legal issues. Was the study conducted under a valid approved protocol? There was indeed an old one, but it had expired two weeks earlier. The older study had been approved only for 50 subjects, and now 55 had been studied, a misdemeanour that may have to be reported to the federal watchdogs. The consent form was also inadequate, written in legalese, so that no medical student could possibly understand it.

It was also unfortunate that no preliminary review of the literature had been done. Imagine spending precious resources only to find out later that an identical study had already appeared in an important publication such as the Journal of Uvula Deformity.

Indeed the ethics committee was a main sticking point. It felt that students were a captive audience and that their privacy had been violated. Would the outcome influence their end of term evaluations? One member of the committee thought that the results should be placed in a locked box and never be published.

There was also inadequate bacteriological input. Was it better to contaminate the palm of the hand with bacteria rather than blow them into the atmosphere? What about budding deans and other medical politicians, doomed to be always shaking hands?

It was concluded that the study smacked of elitism and health fascism. For tonsils are sometimes less unsightly than elbows. And exposing one's uvula in public may be no worse than baring one's ankles and knees.
Reversible steroid dementia in patients without steroid psychosis
Authors: N R Varney, B Alexander, J H MacIndoe
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Six patients developed dementia-like cognitive changes that appeared to result from administration of steroid medications. Four of the patients never showed symptoms of steroid psychosis; the remaining two continued to show steroid dementia well after their steroid psychoses had resolved. The dementia was characterized by deficits in memory retention, attention, concentration, mental speed and efficiency, and occupational performance. All six patients eventually recovered normal mental status following discontinuation or reduction of steroid medications. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine the prevalence and nature of the syndrome.
Gain-of-function single nucleotide variants of the CYP2C19 gene (CYP2C19*17) can identify subtherapeutic voriconazole concentrations in critically ill patients: a case series
Authors: Joachim D. Weigel, Nicole G. M. Hunfeld, Birgit C. P. Koch, Mohamud Egal, Jan Bakker, Ron H. N. van Schaik, Teun van Gelder
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Influence of the Mammary-Tumor Agent on the Genesis of Mammary Cancer in Agent-Free Mice After Male Transmission&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: John J. Bittner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Spontaneous mammary cancer will develop in a considerable proportion of the breeding F1 hybrids produced by mating strain C (BALB/c) females with strain C3H/An males, as determined by Andervont and Dunn and confirmed in this laboratory. The agent could not be demonstrated by bioassay of the tumors from old hybrids unless the mothers became infected and transferred the agent. The data to be considered are concerned with the influence of the mammary-tumor agent (MTA), transferred by males of various sublines of strain C3H, upon the etiology of tumors in F1 offspring. Hybrids sired by males of strain C3H/AnBi and born in early litters to uninfected strain C mothers had a cancer incidence above 30 percent, while those with strain Z (C3H) fathers and born in later litters to uninfected mothers had an incidence of about 5 percent. The incidences were reversed when strain Z (C3H) males sired early litters and C3H/AnBi males the later ones. Fourteen tumors from hybrids averaging 589 days of age were tested by biological assay, including 1 tumor that appeared at 328 days. Three percent of the test animals had mammary cancer. After the strain C mothers became infected with the MTA, over 90 percent of their F1 progeny developed mammary tumors at average ages less than 300 days, regardless of the subline of the male parent. At least 20 tumors from infected C mothers and their F1 progeny were assayed in nearly 1,000 mice, of which 75 percent developed cancer. The tumor-inducing activity of these tumor extracts was higher at dilutions of 10−4 and 10−5 than at dilutions of 5 × 10−2 and 10−2. There was no indication that the activity of the agent increased with the birth of successive litters. Various theories are discussed which deal with hormone-induced tumors in agent-free animals and the possible origin of the MTA; a suggestion is made of the role of the MTA in the genesis of mammary cancer in mice.
Abstract 5297: Myocardin Is Required For Heart Development
Authors: John Huang, Min-Min Lu, Jian Li, Michael S Parmacek
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Myocardin (Myocd) is a potent transcriptional coactivator that has been implicated in cardiovascular development. Myocardin is expressed as early as embryonic day (E) 7.75 in the cardiac crescent a...
Cytokine Profile Changes In 309 Myelofibrosis Patients: Comparison Of JAK1/JAK2 Inhibitor Therapy Vs. Placebo – Correlative Analysis From The Comfort-I Trial
Authors: Amylou C. Dueck, Charles S. Cleeland, Robert Dantzer, Jeff Sloan, Srdan Verstovsek, Robyn M. Emanuel, Holly Lynn Geyer, Ruben A. Mesa
Journal: Blood (2013)
Prevalence of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy among males aged 5-24 years–Four states, 2007
Authors: P. Romitti, S. Puzhankara, K. Mathews, G. Zamba, C. Cunniff, J. Andrews, D. Matthews, K. James, L. Miller, C. Druschel, D. Fox, S. Pandya, E. Ciafaloni, M. Adams, D. Mandel, L. Ouyang, C. Constantin, P. Costa
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2009)
Abstract 16037: In vivo Imaging of Oxidative Stress in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Transplanted After Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Peter J Psaltis, Karen Peterson, Rende Xu, Federico Franchi, Ian Y Chen, Robert D Simari, Amir Lerman, Sanjiv S Ghambir, Martin G Rodriguez-Porcel
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background Cell therapy for myocardial repair is limited by poor engraftment of transplanted cells. During myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) this may be compounded by pro-oxidant conditions whic...
Frontline rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone with bortezomib (VR-CAP) or vincristine (R-CHOP) for non-GCB DLBCL
Authors: Fritz Offner, Olga Samoilova, Evgenii Osmanov, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Max S. Topp, João Raposo, Viacheslav Pavlov, Deborah Ricci, Shalini Chaturvedi, Eugene Zhu, Helgi van de Velde, Christopher Enny, Aleksandra Rizo, Burhan Ferhanoglu
Journal: Blood (2015)
Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) from the VIRGO observational cohort study (OCS).
Authors: Peter Andrew Kaufman, Musa Mayer, Nancy A. Dreyer, Yeun Mi Yim, Elaine Yu, Zhaohui Su, Yong Mun, Jeff A. Sloan, Charles S. Cleeland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e11051 Background: Limited data exist on patient (pt) experience and work productivity (WP) in MBC. VIRGO is a prospective OCS following &gt;1200 pts with locally advanced or MBC receiving 1st-line hormonal therapy (HT) or chemotherapy (CT) in a real-world setting. We report baseline characteristics of 277 pts from the VIRGO PRO substudy and correlations between health-related quality of life (HRQoL), symptoms, activities of daily living, and WP. Methods: Symptom severity and interference (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory [MDASI]), functional status (Activity Level Scale [ALS] from the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist) and WP (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire) were assessed. Pts rated their HRQoL during the past week on a scale of 0–10. Results: See table. The five most severe symptoms at baseline were fatigue, decreased sexual interest, disturbed sleep, drowsiness, and emotional distress; these were reported with less severity in the HT cohort (24%-37% vs 42%-59%). Overall MDASI severity and interference correlated with WP measures in the CT (R = 0.46 to 0.78) and HT cohorts (0.36 to 0.94). Mean of the five most severe symptoms also significantly correlated with WP indices (R = 0.47 to 0.66). HRQoL correlated (p &lt; 0.05) with all WP measures (R = -0.46 to -0.56) in the CT cohort and with % impairment while working (R = -0.65) and % overall work impairment (R = -0.71) in the HT cohort. In univariate regression analysis, MDASI symptom interference score was the best predictor of reduced WP (R 2 = 0.52 while working; R 2 = 0.48 for nonwork activities). Conclusions: MBC pts receiving CT and HT report significant work impairment. Results indicate moderate correlations between WP indices, HRQoL and symptom burden. [Table: see text]
Torture and war
Authors: N Mamode
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Background/Aim: We evaluated whether splenic volume (SV) predicts sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients receiving capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CapeOX) therapy. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, we measured SV in 41 patients receiving adjuvant CapeOX for CRC at five different time points. We compared the clinical data of the 18 patients who experienced ≥30% increases in SV immediately after vs. before CapeOX (group A) with data for the remaining 23 patients (group B). Results: Platelet numbers decreased and the levels of hepatobiliary enzymes increased significantly 1 year after CapeOX compared with before CapeOX in group A. However, in group B, significantly decreased platelet numbers and significantly increased aspartate transaminase levels were confirmed only immediately after CapeOX, with no significant subsequent changes. Conclusion: SV was significantly associated with thrombocytopenia and liver dysfunction in CRC patients, and predicted SOS.
Dose escalation study of pivanex (a histone deacetylase inhibitor) in combination with docetaxel for advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: T. Reid, A. Weeks, M. Vakil, T. Cosgriff, T. Harper, F. Valone, D. Magnuson, A. Bhatnagar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7279 Background: Pivanex is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that induces tumor cell differentiation and/or apoptosis. It has been well tolerated in clinical trials and has shown preliminary evidence of efficacy as a single agent in pts with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In a Phase II trial of advanced NSCLC, partial responses were observed in 3 pts out of 29 (10 %) who had received < 3 prior chemotherapy regimens. Treatment with a combination of Pivanex and docetaxel has demonstrated synergy for growth inhibition of NSCLC cell lines in vitro and for improved survival in animal models. Because Pivanex has shown: (1) an excellent safety profile, (2) promising activity in pts with NSCLC, (3) no overlapping toxicities with docetaxel, and (4) synergy with docetaxel, we undertook a dose escalation study to assess the safety of this drug combined with docetaxel. Methods: Pivanex was given IV over 6 hours/day on Days 1–3. Docetaxel was given on Day 4. The regimen was repeated every 3 weeks. Twelve pts with NSCLC were enrolled in dosage cohorts of 1.5 to 2.5 g/m2 of Pivanex followed by 75 mg/m2 of docetaxel. Results: The median age was 69 yrs, 9 were male, 5 had squamous cell, and 6 were Stage IV. All pts had received at least one prior chemo regimen, 7 had received 2 prior chemo regimens and 6 pts had prior radiotherapy. A median of 4 cycles of the combination regimen were administered. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed and AEs were not related to Pivanex dose. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, typically associated with docetaxel treatment, occurred in 9 (75%) pts. Other AEs were fatigue and dyspnea in 4 pts each, and anemia in 3 pts. Three pts responded: 2 pts had decrease in tumor size such that it met PR criteria per RECIST; and one pt had complete resolution of baseline abnormalities on PET scan. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that Pivanex, at doses up to 2.5 g/m2can be administered safely in combination with 75 mg/m2 of docetaxel in the regimen described above. This dose is being used in an ongoing Phase IIb trial in relapsed NSCLC that will randomize 225 pts to Pivanex + docetaxel versus docetaxel alone. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.