tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: prospective observational study
Authors: G. D. Smith, C. Hart, D. Blane, D. Hole
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the association between social circumstances in childhood and mortality from various causes of death in adulthood. <b>Design:</b> Prospective observational study. <b>Setting:</b> 27 workplaces in the west of Scotland. <b>Subjects:</b> 5645 men aged 35–64 years at the time of examination. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Death from various causes. <b>Results:</b> Men whose fathers had manual occupations when they were children were more likely as adults to have manual jobs and be living in deprived areas. Gradients in mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, stomach cancer, and respiratory disease were seen (all P&lt;0.05), generally increasing from men whose fathers had professional and managerial occupations (social class I and II) to those whose fathers had semiskilled and unskilled manual occupations (social class IV and V). Relative rates of mortality adjusted for age for men with fathers in manual versus non-manual occupations were 1.52 (95% confidence interval 1.24 to 1.87) for coronary heart disease, 1.83 (1.13 to 2.94) for stroke, 1.65 (1.12 to 2.43) for lung cancer, 2.06 (0.93 to 4.57) for stomach cancer, and 2.01 (1.17 to 3.48) for respiratory disease. Mortality from other cancers and accidental and violent death showed no association with fathers9 social class. Adjustment for adult socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors did not alter results for mortality from stroke and stomach cancer, attenuated the increased risk of coronary heart disease and respiratory disease, and essentially eliminated the association with lung cancer. <b>Conclusions:</b> Adverse socioeconomic circumstances in childhood have a specific influence on mortality from stroke and stomach cancer in adulthood, which is not due to the continuity of social disadvantage throughout life. Deprivation in childhood influences risk of mortality from coronary heart disease and respiratory disease in adulthood, although an additive influence of adulthood circumstances is seen in these cases. Mortality from lung cancer, other cancer, and accidents and violence is predominantly influenced by risk factors that are related to social circumstances in adulthood. <h3>Key messages</h3> Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood are associated with mortality in later life Mortality from stroke and stomach cancer is particularly dependent on social circumstances in childhood Mortality from coronary heart disease and respiratory disease is dependent on social circumstances in both adulthood and childhood Mortality from accidents and violence and from lung cancer is mainly dependent on factors acting in adulthood The increases in child poverty seen in Britain and elsewhere over the past 20 years may herald unfavourable future trends in adult health
β-Blocker Use for Patients With or at Risk for Coronary Artery Disease—Reply
Authors: Sripal Bangalore, P. Gabriel Steg, Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE NATURE OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASIA AND THE TREATMENT OF CANCER WITH LEAD
Authors: W. Blair Bell
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The editorial inThe Journal of the American Medical Associationon "The Lead Treatment of Cancer," January 8, is not only opportune but also wise and cautious in regard to that aspect of our work with which it deals. But, Sir, to speak frankly, I am tired of hearing only about the "lead treatment of cancer." During recent years in this country we have heard a great deal about the advantages of starting at the beginning and finishing at the end, and I am told we ourselves have been accused of inverting the order of our going. The continual discussion of<i>lead in the treatment of cancer</i>, to the entire exclusion of any consideration of our experimental and other laboratory investigations on the origin and nature of malignant neoplasia, lends color to the accusation I have mentioned. Now, Sir, will you help us to put this matter
PD-L1/PD-1 presence in the tumor microenvironment and activity of PD-1 blockade in multiple myeloma
Authors: B Paiva, A Azpilikueta, N Puig, E M Ocio, R Sharma, B O Oyajobi, S Labiano, L San-Segundo, A Rodriguez, I Aires-Mejia, I Rodriguez, F Escalante, A G de Coca, A Barez, J F San Miguel, I Melero
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Abstract 2872: Functional inhibition of HSP90 potentiates the effects of ionizing radiation in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju, Jing Wen, Bassel F. El-Rayes, Jerome C. Landry, Wungki Park, Roberto Diaz
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose/Objectives: Attempts at improving the outcome of colorectal cancer patients by incorporating novel agents have been disappointing indicating that in the majority of patients the therapeutic challenge remains primary resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Major cellular signaling pathways contributing to growth and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer includes the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. The heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) regulates the activity, turnover, and trafficking of several proteins involved in these pathways of resistance. Inhibition of HSP90 provides a novel mechanism to target these pathways simultaneously. Ganetespib (STA-9090) is a small molecule functional inhibitor of HSP90. We tested the hypothesis that HSP90 inhibition can sensitize colorectal cell lines to the effects of ionizing radiation (XRT). Methods: Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of 10 colorectal paired normal and tumor tissue samples from the same 10 patients were stained with antibodies against HSP90, HSP70, and p-AKT. Cell proliferation (XTT), colony formation (clonogenic assay), migration (spheroid), apoptosis (Apoptosis/Necrosis Detection Kit), and Western blot analyses were carried out in HCT-116 and HT-29 colorectal cell lines to determine the effect of ganetespib alone or in combination with XRT. Results: IHC analyses of paired human colorectal normal and tumor samples revealed significant overexpression of HSP90, HSP70, and p-AKT in the tumors when compared to the normal tissues. In both colorectal cell lines, treatment with ganetespib significantly inhibits proliferation in the XTT assay (p&amp;lt;0.001); significantly decreased expression of PI3K and p-AKT, as well as significantly increased levels of HSP70 in Western blot analyses (p&amp;lt;0.05); and inhibited the nuclear translocation (immunocyto studies) and the DNA binding activity (EMSA) of the NF-κB p65 molecules. We found that ganetespib indeed potentiates the effects of XRT in both cell lines: significant decrease in colony formation as determined by the clonogenic assay (p&amp;lt;0.001); increase in the induction of necrosis; and decreased migration. Conclusions: The HSP90 pathway is selectively activated in patient's rectal tumors and is a rational target for drug development. HSP90 inhibition potentiates the effects of ionizing radiation in preclinical models. Evaluating HSP90 inhibitors in rectal cancer is a rational approach that could have a significant impact on the outcome of this common and deadly disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2872. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2872
Systems Analysis and Health Manpower
Authors: Mark S. Blumberg
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In health, as in all sectors of the economy, there are never enough resources available to meet all conceivable needs. The allocation of resources to their most productive uses is the chief problem confronting planners and policy-makers. I believe systems, or cost-benefit, analysis to be management's most effective answer to this challenge. "Systems analysis" is the name for studies which describe and evaluate alternative means of achieving a given objective. In such an analysis, the costs and benefits of each alternative are quantified to the greatest possible extent. Even where benefits cannot be measured in terms of dollars, they frequently can be measured in other quantitative terms. Systems analysis has been widely employed as a basis for decision making, primarily in the Defense Department and related private industry, only since 1961, although many of its concepts have been recognized for a century. However, its use is increasing rapidly: In August
Epidemic Neuromyasthenia
Authors: John R. Graybill
Journal: JAMA (1972)

From mid-July through late September 1970, 221 persons developed an illness characterized by acute gastroenteritis, myalgias, and lethargy. Encephalopathy became evident in 18 patients. The latter was relapsing and had a slow convalescence. Physical findings were few, and laboratory examinations were not helpful in establishing a diagnosis. This epidemic appears to be a variant of so-called "epidemic neuromyasthenia," which may be more common than medical literature would indicate.
Medial tibial stress syndrome
Authors: Mark E Batt, Mark Batt
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Lecture 9 Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is an enigmatic condition with confusing terminology, the term often being used interchangeably with shin splints. It is suggested that MTSS and shin splints be used as generic rather than diagnostic terms. On account of variable definitions, the reported incidence rate varies from 4 to 35% in military and athletic populations. Broadly, it represents exertional lower leg pain centred on the posteromedial tibial border and being diffuse/linear (greater than 5 cm) rather than focal. Presentations of acute shin splints should be regarded as bone stress injuries until proven otherwise and not treated as periostitis with anti-inflammatory modalities/drugs. Chronic presentations are more likely in females, those with a running history less than 5 years, increased body mass index, larger calf girth, increased hip rotation, standing foot pronation and a history of orthotics use, MTSS or stress fracture. Muscle hernia, stress fracture and chronic exertional compartment syndrome should be ruled out. The differential diagnosis also includes radiculopathy, nerve entrapment syndromes and the possibility of an accessory muscle should not be overlooked. There are few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that have studied treatment and prevention and those available suggest that rest is probably as beneficial as any other form of intervention. Prevention may be afforded by either shock absorbing insoles or more formal orthotics. The pathophysiology would seem to be related to diffuse bone stress with resultant periostalgia. Thus rest and the possible use of compressive splints are advised with a graduated return to running activities once risk factors have been addressed.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Dominated by Multiple Organ Extranodal Disease Revealed on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xia Bai, Ion Codreanu, Summer L. Kaplan, Sabah Servaes, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

The definition of primary extranodal lymphoma is rather controversial and often complicated by the variety of lymphoma types. Here we describe FDG PET/CT findings in 3 pediatric patients with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas dominated by extranodal lesions involving multiple organs. Lymphomas arising primarily in extranodal sites can present significant diagnostic challenges due to their morphological diversity and lack of uniformity in histopathological classification.
Dermatitis after Use of Pentavalent Arsenicals per Vaginam
Authors: W. E. Orchard
Journal: BMJ (1951)

long.The mucosa is roughened and shows very small miliary-sized nodules.Histology: This is a lymphosarcoma which has breached all coats of the bowel.Numerous tumour foci are present in the bowel wall well away from the main neoplasm."Comment I t seems probable that the high post-operative mortality in recorded cases of perforated malignant tumour of the small intestine will be reduced by use of chemotherapeutic measures.Frazer reported no cases of survival after perforation.The very short history in this case did not give rise to any suspicion of malignancy in the pre-operative diagnosis.
Fourth-generation sequencing in the cell and the clinic
Authors: Marco Mignardi, Mats Nilsson
Journal: Genome Medicine (2014)

Nearly 40 years ago, DNA was sequenced for the first time. Since then, DNA sequencing has undergone continuous development, passing through three generations of sequencing technology. We are now entering the beginning of a new phase of genomic analysis in which massively parallel sequencing is performed directly in the cell. Two methods have recently been described for in situ RNA sequencing, one targeted and one untargeted, that rely on ligation chemistry. This fourth generation of sequencing technology opens up prospects for transcriptomic analysis, biomarker validation, diagnosis and patient stratification for cancer treatment.
THE IMPORTANCE OF PRE-HOSPITAL INFARCT DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY ON INITIAL PATENCY OF THE INFARCT RELATED VESSEL BEFORE PCI IN PATIENTS WITH STEMI
Authors: Sonja Postma, J.H.E. Dambrink, M.J. De Boer, A.T.M Gosselink, J.P. Ottervanger, J.C.A. Hoorntje, E. Kolkman, H. Suryapranata, A.W.J. Van ‘t Hof
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
GALECTIN-1, A GALACTOSIDE BINDING LECTIN WITH IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS, IS UPREGULATED IN THE MOUSE HEART DURING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Ignacio M. Seropian, Stefano Toldo, Diego O. Croci, Antonio Abbate, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Benjamin W. Van Tassell, None VCU School of Pharmacy and VCU Pauley Heart Center
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Health Systems in Transition: Canada
Authors: Peter S. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A young woman presenting with severe headache
Authors: M. Stavrou, S. Solomou, O. Spooner, R. Perry
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 20 year old woman with a history of migraine with visual aura in the form of both positive (fortification spectrum) and negative features was admitted to hospital because of unilateral pulsatile right sided headache of one day’s duration. The headache was associated with photophobia, intense nausea and vomiting, right sided facial and upper arm numbness, and a right sided temporal visual field defect. She described the headache as similar to her habitual migraines in character but “the worst ever.” On examination she was normotensive and her Glasgow coma scale was 15. On neurological examination the visual field defect was confirmed and she reported reduction in light touch over the right side of her face and right upper limb.

With the exception of recurrent migraines at intervals of two to three months her medical history was unremarkable. She was not using any drugs on a regular basis apart from a progesterone contraceptive implant. She had no history of drug or alcohol misuse and did not smoke.

Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head was performed (fig 1⇓).





### 1 What is the abnormality seen on diffusion weighted MRI?

#### Short answer

The image shows an area of restricted diffusion—that is, an acute infarct in the left thalamus (fig 2⇓).



Fig 2 Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance image of the head showing an area of increased signal (arrow) indicative of restricted diffusion that is in keeping with an acute infarct



#### Long answer

The area of increased signal in the left thalamus seen on the image is indicative of restricted diffusion and is in keeping with an acute infarct. The remainder of the brain parenchyma appears normal.

T1 weighted scans …
Integration-Free Methods for Generating Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Yi-ye Zhou, Fanyi Zeng
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be generated from mouse or human fibroblasts by exogenous expression of four factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc, and hold great potential for transplantation therapies and regenerative medicine. However, use of retroviral vectors during iPS cell generation has limited the technique's clinical application due to the potential risks resulting from genome integration of transgenes, including insertional mutations and altered differentiation potentials of the target cells, which may lead to pathologies such as tumorigenesis. Here we review recent progress in generating safer transgene-free or integration-free iPS cells, including the use of non-integrating vectors, excision of vectors after integration, DNA-free delivery of factors and chemical induction of pluripotency.
Adenoviral Expression of a Urokinase Receptor–Targeted Protease Inhibitor Inhibits Neointima Formation in Murine and Human Blood Vessels
Authors: Paul H. A. Quax, Martine L. M. Lamfers, JanWillem H. P. Lardenoye, Jos M. Grimbergen, Margreet R. de Vries, Jennichjen Slomp, Marco C. de Ruiter, Mark M. Kockx, Jan H. Verheijen, Victor W. M. van Hinsbergh
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Smooth muscle cell migration, in addition to proliferation, contributes to a large extent to the neointima formed in humans after balloon angioplasty or bypass surgery. Plasminogen activator/plasmin–mediated proteolysis is an important mediator of this smooth muscle cell migration. Here, we report the construction of a novel hybrid protein designed to inhibit the activity of cell surface–bound plasmin, which cannot be inhibited by its natural inhibitors, such as α 2 -antiplasmin. This hybrid protein, consisting of the receptor-binding amino-terminal fragment of uPA (ATF), linked to the potent protease inhibitor bovine pancreas trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), can inhibit plasmin activity at the cell surface. Methods and Results —The effect of adenovirus-mediated ATF.BPTI expression on neointima formation was tested in human saphenous vein organ cultures. Infection of human saphenous vein segments with Ad.CMV.ATF.BPTI (5×10 9 pfu/mL) resulted in 87.5±3.8% (mean±SEM, n=10) inhibition of neointima formation after 5 weeks, whereas Ad.CMV.ATF or Ad.CMV.BPTI virus had only minimal or no effect on neointima formation. The efficacy of ATF.BPTI in vivo was demonstrated in a murine model for neointima formation. Neointima formation in the femoral artery of mice, induced by placement of a polyethylene cuff, was strongly inhibited (93.9±2%) after infection with Ad.CMV.mATF.BPTI, a variant of ATF.BPTI able to bind specifically to murine uPA receptor; Ad.CMV.mATF and Ad.CMV.BPTI had no significant effect. Conclusions —These data provide evidence that adenoviral transfer of a hybrid protein that binds selectively to the uPA receptor and inhibits plasmin activity directly on the cell surface is a powerful approach to inhibiting neointima formation and restenosis.
Pulmonary Big Endothelin Affects Coronary Tone and Leads to Enhanced, ET <sub>A</sub> -Mediated Coronary Constriction in Early Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Karl Stangl, Thomas Dschietzig, Michael Laule, Konstantin Alexiou, Klaus D. Wernecke, Gert Baumann
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Lung tissue produces a variety of mediators; however, little is known regarding how these mediators affect coronary regulation and myocardial contractility. In a novel rabbit lung-heart model, we investigated the possible influence exerted by pulmonary mediators on coronary tone both under normal conditions and in early endothelial dysfunction. Methods and Results In our model, the effluent from the isolated lung is used to serially perfuse the coronary vessels of the isolated heart of the same animal. Compared with the hearts of control rabbits, isolated hearts of Watanabe rabbits revealed pharmacological evidence of endothelial dysfunction and a significant steeper decrease of coronary flow during serial perfusion of the coronary vessels with lung effluent (75±6% versus 89±3%). This decline in coronary flow was prevented by the nonselective endothelin (ET) antagonist PD-145065, the ET A antagonists BQ-123 and A-127722, and the endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor phosphoramidon. The concentration of big ET in lung effluent ranged from 5.5 to 5.8 pmol/L in both control and Watanabe groups, with levels in corresponding coronary effluent falling to 0.9 to 1.1 pmol/L in controls and to 1.0 to 1.2 pmol/L in the Watanabe group. In either group, ET was not detected in lung effluent, but it rose significantly in coronary effluent during serial perfusion. Conclusions Pulmonary big ET, locally converted into ET during coronary passage, causes an ET A -mediated elevation in coronary tone under basal conditions as well as an enhanced coronary constriction when early endothelial dysfunction is present.
Variations in lung cancer care continue to affect survival and quality of life
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Nearly two thirds (63%) of patients with early lung cancer in some parts of Great Britain receive surgery, while in others only a third (33%) are offered surgical treatment, the latest audit of lung cancer treatment has found.

“Since surgical treatment represents the best chance of cure of the disease, these data suggest that a substantial number of patients are needlessly dying of lung cancer as a result of local variation …