tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colistin hetero-resistance in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from the Western Pacific region in the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance programme
Authors: Wing Yau, Roxanne J. Owen, Anima Poudyal, Jan M. Bell, John D. Turnidge, Heidi H. Yu, Roger L. Nation, Jian Li
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)
Rheumatic Complaints in Dockyard Workers
Authors: J. A. D. Anderson, J. J. R. Duthie
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1963)

<b>Objective.</b> To assess third-year pharmacy students’ entry-level verbal and nonverbal communication skills when addressing sensitive topics during opioid consultations with standardized patients. <b>Methods.</b> Seventy-one students were video-taped while consulting with standardized patients who were receiving a one-month supply of oxycodone for lower back pain. Consults were coded quantitatively for the topics students discussed with the patient, terms used, eye contact, and filler words. <b>Results.</b> The majority of pharmacy students discussed common and severe opioid side effects, such as respiratory depression. However, only 30% explained that the medication being dispensed was an opioid or narcotic, and only 23% of students initiated a conversation regarding dependence, addiction, or overdose risk. Students used more filler words when discussing dependence, addiction, or overdose risk as compared to the rest of the consult. Afterwards, students expressed discomfort and the need for additional training and resources for communicating with patients about opioids. <b>Conclusion.</b> Many students lacked confidence with regards to educating patients about opioid-specific risks. This necessitates expanding education regarding discussing sensitive information about opioids at this school of pharmacy. Other schools of pharmacy would benefit from an evaluation of their curriculum to assess the necessity for additional education and training.
Chromosomes and Sex Determination
Authors: Ray Bunge
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I took the bait and am properly hooked on "Chromosomes Do Not An Athlete Make" (<b>202</b>, Dec 11, 1967, adv p 54). Daniel F. Hanley, MD, states: There is no reason why a woman with a sex-linked chromosomal abnormality should be banned from Olympic events. If you are trying to get rid of a fraud, a male who is masquerading as a female, there is a very simple way of doing it. But this almost never occurs. If you are throwing out everybody with any chromosomal abnormality at all, then you are wrong. What about the extra 'X' chromosome, the so-called 'super-female?' Why not let her compete? It doesn't mean that she is any better or that she is going to win. If this philosophy continues, that of determining who is female by a buccal test, we will establish a new definition of femaleness. How does he
A peptide binding protein having a role in antigen presentation is a member of the HSP70 heat shock family.
Authors: A Vanbuskirk, B L Crump, E Margoliash, S K Pierce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The T cell recognition of globular protein antigens requires the processing and presentation of the antigen by Ia-expressing APCs. Processing is believed to involve the uptake of antigen into an acidic compartment where proteolysis occurs. The resulting peptides containing the T cell antigenic determinant are associated with Ia and presented at the cell surface to the specific T cells. The mechanisms by which antigenic peptides become associated with Ia is not known. We previously described a peptide binding protein of 72/74 x 10(3) Mr (PBP72/74) that plays a role in antigen presentation as shown by the ability of an antiserum raised in rabbits to affinity-purified PBP72/74 to block presentation of cytochrome c to a cytochrome c-specific T cell hybrid. Here we show that PBP72/74 is recognized by mAbs specific for members of the HSP70 family of proteins. In Western blots PBP72/74 is bound by mAb 7.10, specific for an evolutionarily conserved epitope of HSP proteins and by mAb N27, specific for both the constitutively expressed and inducible 72/73 x 10(3) Mr HSP70 proteins. In addition, PBP72/74 shares a second common feature of the HSP proteins, that of binding to ATP. Indeed, ATP causes the release of PBP72/74 from binding to a peptide fragment of cytochrome c (Pc 81-104) and PBP72/74 can be eluted from ATP columns by Pc 81-104. Finally, a portion of PBP72/74 is shown to be present on B cell surfaces by immunofluorescence staining. Thus, it appears that characteristics of the heat shock proteins are shared by a protein playing a role in antigen presentation, suggesting some commonality in function.
Abstract B11: An empirical evaluation of array normalization for Agilent microRNA expression arrays
Authors: Li-Xuan Qin, Jaya Satagopan, Samuel Singer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Array normalization is an essential component of array data preprocessing, which removes array effects resulting from the experimental process. Methods for array normalization have been developed in the context of mRNA expression arrays, such as median normalization and quantile normalization. These methods assume few or symmetric differential expression of markers on the array. These assumptions are likely to be appropriate for mRNA expression arrays that consist of tens of thousands of markers with only a small fraction of these generally associated with the disease under study. In contrast, microRNA expression arrays consist of a few hundred markers and a reasonable fraction of them are anticipated to have disease-relevance; further, the numbers of over- and underexpressed microRNAs are not likely to be the same in studies involving tumors. Consequently, the performance of the existing normalization methods need to be reevaluated when applied to microRNA arrays of tumors. Methods: In this study, we empirically examined sources of variations in microRNA array data using a set of Agilent microRNA arrays in liposarcoma (n=56) and evaluated methods for normalization using Solexa sequence data on a subset of these tumors (n=29) as the gold standard in the following three aspects: (1) correlation of the target-sequence-specific data on each array; (2) selection of significant microRNAs; (3) estimated direction of change for the significant microRNAs. Results: We found that there is minimum variation between replicate probes for the same target sequence and moderate variation between multiple target sequences for the same microRNA. There is moderately high correlation between Agilent data and Solexa data on the same tumors, with the Pearson correlation coefficient ranging from 0.517 to 0.794. Quantile normalization has slightly improved the correlation with Solexa data, as well as the detection of differentially expressed microRNAs both in terms of statistical significance and the direction of change. Conclusions: The number of replicate probes for each target sequence ranges from 4 to 16, which is unnecessarily high and can be reduced. Target sequences for the same microRNA need to be analyzed separately. Quantile normalization improves the accuracy of the analysis. Further investigations with other disease types are needed to validate this finding. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):B11.
Trial shows no clear benefit from cannabis for patients with MS
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The three year CAMS (cannabis in multiple sclerosis) trial, involving more than 600 patients in the United Kingdom, has yielded no definitive verdict on whether the drug can ease the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. The study, funded by the Medical Research Council, was published in last week's issue of the Lancet (2003;362: 1517-26).

Fifteen weeks' treatment with oral capsules containing either whole cannabis extract or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the drug's principal active ingredient, did not produce a significant improvement in spasticity as measured by the widely used Ashworth scale.

But in face to face interviews, patients assigned …
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of Malignant Hepatic Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Authors: Le Song, Weifang Zhang, Yanyan Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver was rarely documented. F-FDG PET/CT imaging of malignant hepatic solitary fibrous tumor in a 49-year-old male patient was reported. The multifocal hepatic lesions demonstrated avid FDG uptake. FDG PET/CT might be potentially useful in the differentiation of benign and malignant solitary fibrous tumor.
Predictive survival models for resuscitated victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with coronary heart disease.
Authors: S Goldstein, J R Landis, R Leighton, G Ritter, C M Vasu, R A Wolfe, A Acheson, S VanderBrug Medendorp
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Resuscitated victims of cardiac arrest with coronary heart disease represent a group of patients with an accelerated mortality rate. Among 227 such patients in our follow-up study, 20% had died at 1 year and 50% were dead in slightly over 3 years. Predictors of death were related to use of digitalis, elevated blood urea nitrogen, cerebral vascular accident, previous myocardial infarction, and age. In a subset of 103 patients in whom ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings were available within 3 months of the arrest event, the presence of complexity and high-frequency ventricular premature beats (VPBs) (greater than or equal to 25/hr) were added to the mortality predictors of digitalis and diuretic therapy and elevated blood urea nitrogen. An almost equal number of patients died suddenly and nonsuddenly. Predictors of sudden death were treatment with quinidine and paired VPBs. Occurrence of arrhythmias was an important addition to the previous mortality predictors related to left ventricular dysfunction.
Abstract 4254: The Wnt/ B-catenin pathway regulates colon cancer stem cells proliferation
Authors: Shailender S. Kanwar, Yingjie Yu, Jyoti Nautiyal, Bhaumik Patel, Adhip P.N. Majumdar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract It is becoming increasingly evident that a small sub-population of self-renewing, multipotent cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) is responsible for driving majority of the epithelial cancers including colon cancer. The observation that CSCs display resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics suggests that they may be responsible for the recurrence of cancers. One of the properties of CSCs is that they form floating spheroids (colonosphere) in a defined media. Different signaling pathways such as Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch and Bmi have been implicated in the regulation of colonosphere formation and stem cell self renewal. The current investigation was undertaken to examine the role of Wnt/B-catenin pathway in regulating the growth and maintenance of colonosphere. Human colon cancer cells HCT-116 (p53 wild type; K-ras mutant), HCT 116 (p53 null; K-ras mutant) and HT 29 (p53 mutant) were used. We have observed that colonospheres formed in vitro exhibited higher expression of colon CSCs markers ALDH1, LGR5, CD133, CD44 and Musashi, compared to the corresponding parental cancer cells, indicating the predominance of CSCs in colonosphere. Further support for this inference comes from the FACS analysis that show 95-97% of CD44 positive cells in colonospheres. Additionally, colonosphere showed increased levels of B-catenin, cyclin D1 and C-Myc and down-regulation of Axin-1 and phosphorylated B-catenin. Increased expression of B-catenin was associated with a marked transcriptional activation of TCF-LEF. To determine whether B-catenin plays a role in the maintenance and formation of colonosphere, we transfected the colon cancer cells with B-catenin siRNA and subsequently analyzed colonosphere formation. The results revealed a marked reduction in the colonosphere formation following down-regulation of B-catenin indicating its role in colonosphere formation. Further support for this interpretation comes from the observation that the upregulation of cMYC /cyclin D1 (the target genes of LEF/TCF) results in enhancement of the colonosphere formation. In conclusion, our data suggest that Wnt/B-catenin pathway plays a critical role in the growth of CSCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4254.
Prospective assessment of regional myocardial perfusion before and after coronary revascularization surgery by Quantitative Thallium-201 scintigraphy
Authors: Robert S. Gibson, Denny D. Watson, George J. Taylor, Ivan K. Crosby, Harry L. Wellons, Nina D. Holt, George A. Beller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1983)
Audiotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Due to Orally Administered Neomycin
Authors: Lowell H. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1965)

NEOMYCIN is a potent antibiotic produced from a strain of<i>Streptomyces fradiae</i>and having a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It may possess the widest spectrum of any antibiotic.<sup>1</sup>When administered via the parenteral route it has significant audiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. However, it is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and is therefore principally used against intraluminal enteric bacteria. Reports of toxicity caused by orally administered neomycin have appeared only rarely in the literature, although the drug is used extensively as a bowel-sterilizing agent. The present report describes a patient treated orally with neomycin in whom complete eighth-nerve deafness developed, associated with acute renal failure. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient, a 53-year-old white woman, was hospitalized on March 2, 1965, complaining of progressive deafness. On Jan 23, she had been operated on for a perforated sigmoid diverticulum. A total of 9 gm of neomycin
Birth Registration and Birth Statistics in Canada.
Authors: Robert R. Okuczynski
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4627: Role of intratumoral cell heterogeneity on therapeutic efficacy in glioblastoma.
Authors: Debyani Chakravarty, Alicia Pedraza, Angela H. Liu, Jesse Cotari, Grégoire Altan-Bonnet, Cameron W. Brennan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal malignancy of the brain, is typified by high degrees of histologic and molecular heterogeneity. The majority of GBM harbor amplification and/or mutations of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), most frequently EGFR (40-50%) or PDGFRA (∼15%). We recently documented that a subset of glioblastoma harbors independent focal amplification of two or more RTKs, most commonly PDGFRA and EGFR. This phenomenon lends genetic evidence to support that co-expression of more than one RTK in the same cell serves a functional purpose in conferring selective growth advantage to GBM. In this study we demonstrate that EGF stimulates endogenous interaction between activated EGFR and PDGFRA, assessed using reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays in patient-derived GBM tumor-sphere lines of multiple genotypes. EGF leads to phosphorylation of PDGFRA Y720. This transactivation and subsequent activation of Shp2 are abolished by EGFR inhibitors gefitinib or lapatinib at low concentrations. Evidence of EGFR-PDGFRA interaction was found in the majority of GBM tumorsphere lines where both receptors were expressed. We used multichannel phospho-FACS in a panel of tumorsphere lines to characterize the cell-to-cell heterogeneity of EGFR and PDGFRA expression levels and how these levels affect p-Akt and p-ERK baseline activity, response to ligands and response to targeted receptor inhibition. Indeed, high expression of both EGFR and PDGFRA identifies tumor cells with elevated MAPK and PI3K pathway activity. Notably, these tumor cells have high downstream pathway activation in the absence of explicit stimulation by ligand and appear to be refractory to dual RTK inhibition. Taken together, these data underscore the role of tumor cell RTK heterogeneity in therapeutic resistance to RTK inhibitors in GBM. This study also highlights a possible mechanism that heterotypic RTKs in the same cell may utilize to achieve growth advantage. Citation Format: Debyani Chakravarty, Alicia Pedraza, Angela H. Liu, Jesse Cotari, Grégoire Altan-Bonnet, Cameron W. Brennan. Role of intratumoral cell heterogeneity on therapeutic efficacy in glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4627. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4627
Serial QuantiFERON TB-Gold in-tube testing during LTBI therapy in candidates for TNFi treatment
Authors: Filippo Bartalesi, Delia Goletti, Michele Spinicci, Annalisa Cavallo, Letizia Attala, Jessica Mencarini, Ginevra Fiori, Francesca Li Gobbi, Antonia Mantella, Maurizio Benucci, Francesca Prignano, Nicola Pimpinelli, Marco Matucci Cerinic, Enrico Girardi, Alessandro Bartoloni
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Mononuclear cells from dogs with acute lung allograft rejection cause contraction of pulmonary arteries.
Authors: A R Cale, F Ricagna, L Wiklund, C G McGregor, V M Miller
Journal: Circulation (1994)

PURPOSE Experiments were designed to determine whether or not leukocytes activated by acute pulmonary rejection cause contractions of isolated pulmonary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS Separate suspensions of (a) polymorphonuclear cells (&gt; 95%) and (b) mononuclear cells (85% lymphocytes/10% monocytes/5% polymorphonuclear cells), respectively, were obtained from the arterial blood of four groups of adult male mongrel dogs: unoperated dogs (controls), dogs with single-lung autotransplants, dogs with rejecting single-lung allotransplants, and unoperated dogs treated with the same immunosuppressants as allotransplanted dogs. These suspensions were added to rings of control intralobar pulmonary arteries suspended in organ chambers for measurement of isometric force. The endothelium was removed mechanically from selected rings. No significant change in basal tension of pulmonary arterial rings occurred by adding suspensions of polymorphonuclear cells from any of the four groups of dogs. Significant cell-number-dependent increases in tension occurred with suspensions of mononuclear cells from unoperated dogs, autotransplanted dogs, and unoperated, medicated dogs. These increases in tension were less in rings with compared to those without endothelium. Addition of a synthetic analogue of L-arginine abolished this difference. Suspensions of mononuclear cells from rejecting allotransplanted dogs caused significantly greater contractions in rings with endothelium than those observed with suspended cells from either unoperated, autotransplanted dogs or unoperated, medicated dogs. Addition of superoxide dismutase plus catalase or an antagonist of endothelin-A receptors (BQ-123) reduced contractions in rings with endothelium but not in those without endothelium to suspensions of mononuclear cells from rejecting allotransplanted dogs. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that mononuclear cells cause contraction of pulmonary arteries, which can be partially inhibited by endothelium-derived nitric oxide. However, if the mononuclear cells are activated by acute pulmonary rejection, contractions are no longer inhibited by the endothelium. Under conditions of rejection, contractions are mediated in part by oxygen radicals and endothelin(s).
Are you a globalist or an analyst?
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The theory of learning styles says that, to learn most effectively, we should be aware of our own personal learning style. For example, if you are a globalist then you should look at the overall picture when learning and not get too caught up in minutiae. This seems to make sense, and many people do work out their own learning style: at a recent primary care meeting on e-learning, most of the attendees had worked out their learning style according to the commonly used Honey and Mumford classification system. …
Basement membrane thickening and clinical features of children with asthma
Authors: E. S. Kim, S. H. Kim, K. W. Kim, J. W. Park, Y. S. Kim, M. H. Sohn, K.‐E. Kim
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and airway obstruction. Although asthma induces partially reversible airway obstruction, obstruction can sometimes become irreversible. This may be a consequence of airway remodeling, which includes a number of structural changes, such as epithelial detachment, basement membrane (BM) thickening, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and new vessel formation. This study evaluated children with asthma for the presence of BM thickening.Eighteen children with asthma and 24 control subjects underwent flexible bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy. Light microscopy was used to measure BM thickness in paraffin-embedded biopsy sections. The association between BM thickening and age, sex, duration of asthma, asthma severity, FEV(1), FEV(1)/FVC, FEF(25-75%), methacholine PC(20), eosinophil count, and presence of atopy was examined.Basement membrane thickness was greater in subjects with asthma (8.3 +/- 1.4 microM) than in control subjects (6.8 +/- 1.3 microM, P = 0.0008). Multiple regression analysis revealed that sex, FEV(1)/FVC, total IgE, and atopy (IgE for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus >0.34 kUA/l) were significant predictive factors for BM thickness. There was no significant association between BM thickness and age, duration of asthma, FEV(1), FEF(25-75%), methacholine PC(20), eosinophil count, or asthma severity.Basement membrane thickening has been known to be present in children with asthma. In addition, we report an association between BM thickness and sex, FEV(1)/FVC, total IgE, and the presence of IgE specific to D. pteronyssinus.