tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory mediators associated with bone metabolism in patients awaiting lung transplantation
Authors: Evgenia Kochetkova, Ludmila Ugay, Vera Nevzorova, Gilbert Massard, Tatiana Sourovenko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aime: to evaluate the association between systemic inflammation, markers for bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in 105 candidates for lung transplantation.  Methods: BMD, bone biomarkers, inflammatory mediators were determined in 105 patients with end-stage of chronic respiratory failure and 85 age and sex matched controls.  Results: We indentified a osteopenic syndrome in 82/105 patients, 10/85 controls were osteopenia. Procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), markers of bone formation, was higher in lung diseases and osteocalcin was similar between patients and controls. Type 1 collagen C-telopeptide (CTx), a marker of bone resorption, was higher in candidates for lung transplantation and was inversely related to femur neck (FN) BMD and was a direct relationship with P1NP (r=0,72, p  Conclusions: Patients with end-stage lung diseases had a greater prevalence of osteopenic syndrome. Results shows possibly role of systemic inflammatory in the increasing of bone loss at the terminal stage of lung disease.
Long-Acting Opioids for Treating Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Gary Peltz, Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of obesity in favorable-risk AML patients receiving intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Suzanne Tavitian, Amélia Denis, François Vergez, Emilie Berard, Audrey Sarry, Anne Huynh, Eric Delabesse, Isabelle Luquet, Françoise Huguet, Christian Récher, Sarah Bertoli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

We assessed the influence of obesity on the characteristics and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Indeed, safety of intensive chemotherapy and outcome of obese AML patients in a real-life setting are poorly described, and chemotherapy dosing remains challenging. We included 619 consecutive genetically-defined cases of AML treated with intensive chemotherapy between 2004 and 2012. In this cohort, 93 patients (15%) were classified in the obese category according to WHO classification; 59% of them received capped doses of chemotherapy because of a body surface area above 2 m(2) . Obese patients were older and presented more often with cardiovascular comorbidities. Although obese patients had more frequently de novo AML, main characteristics of AML including white blood cell count, karyotype and mutations were well-balanced between obese and non-obese patients. After induction chemotherapy, early death and complete remission rates were similar. Overall (OS), event-free (EFS) and disease-free (DFS) survival were not significantly different compared to non-obese patients. However, in the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) favorable subgroup, obese patients had lower median OS, EFS and DFS than non-obese patients (18.4, 16.8 and 17.2 vs. 43.6, 31.8 and 29.7 months, respectively) and obesity showed a significant impact on OS (OR 2.54; P = 0.02) in multivariate models. Although we did not find any significant impact of obesity on outcome in the whole series, this study suggests that special efforts for chemotherapy dose optimization are needed in the ELN favorable subgroup since dose capping may be deleterious.
Quality-of-life benefit in chemotherapy patients treated with epoetin alfa is independent of disease response or tumor type: results from a prospective community oncology study. Procrit Study Group.
Authors: G D Demetri, M Kris, J Wade, L Degos, D Cella
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To evaluate prospectively the effectiveness of epoetin alfa as an adjunct to chemotherapy in patients with cancer based on changes in quality-of-life parameters and hemoglobin levels, and to correlate these changes with antitumor response. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two thousand three hundred seventy patients with nonmyeloid malignancies who received chemotherapy were enrolled onto this study from 621 US community-based practices. Patients received epoetin alfa 10,000 U three times weekly, which could be increased to 20,000 U three times weekly depending on the hemoglobin response at 4 weeks. Treatment continued for a maximum of 16 weeks in patients who showed evidence of hematologic response. RESULTS Two thousand two hundred eighty-nine patients (97%) were eligible for efficacy analyses. Epoetin alfa therapy was associated with improved quality-of-life parameters; these improvements correlated significantly with hemoglobin levels and were independent of tumor response. Provider-reported Karnofsky performance scores did not correlate with the improved quality-of-life changes. Epoetin alfa therapy was also associated with a significant increase in hemoglobin levels and decrease in transfusion use. Tumor type, chemotherapy agent/regimen, prior chemotherapy, baseline hemoglobin level, and baseline erythropoietin level were not predictive of a positive response to treatment. Epoetin alfa was well tolerated. CONCLUSION Epoetin alfa appears to have a beneficial impact on patient-reported functional capacity and quality of life in patients with cancer who received chemotherapy independent of tumor response. Concordantly, epoetin alfa appeared to increase hemoglobin levels and decrease transfusion use. Patients responded across all tumor types. The results suggest that epoetin alfa effectively improves functional outcomes in patients with cancer who receive chemotherapy.
Evaluation of acute right ventricular failure in scleroderma and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Neal Chaisson, Arantza Campo, Stephen Mathai, Paul Hassoun
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  The ability to maintain adequate right ventricle (RV) function is paramount to survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, little is known about RV function in patients with established PAH who are hospitalized for acute RV failure. Since RV adaptation is often worse in scleroderma-associated PAH (SSc-PAH) than in patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) despite similar afterload, we sought to compare RV function in hospitalized PAH patients using tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), a non-invasive measurement of RV function that strongly associates with invasive hemodynamics and survival in both SSc-PAH and IPAH.   Methods:  47 patients with SSc-PAH or IPAH were evaluated during their first admission to a hospital for RV failure. All patients received transthoracic echocardiography. Vital signs and survival from time of admission were recorded.   Results:  This cohort was composed of 91% females, with mean age 56 (range 23-81). There were 68% SSc-PAH and 32% IPAH patients. Mean TAPSE was 0.3 cm larger in IPAH compared to SSc-PAH (1.4cm ± 0.424, vs. 1.1cm ± 0.33, p=0.02). This relationship persisted despite controlling for age, admission vitals, and time since diagnosis. 1-year mortality was 47%. Relative risk of mortality was 53% less in the IPAH group than in those with SSc (10% ± 0.32 vs. 63% ± 0.49, p=0.004).   Conclusion:  SSc-PAH patients admitted with acute RV failure had both lower TAPSE and higher 1 year mortality than those with IPAH. This association suggests that TAPSE may offer prognostic information in patients with acute RV failure. Larger studies are needed to confirm the significance of these findings.
Overweight is related to small airway function assessed by impulse oscillometry system (IOS) in asthmatic patients with normal spirometry
Authors: Veronica Alfieri, Roberta Pisi, Marina Aiello, Panagiota Tzani, Chiara Scelfo, Sara Ramponi, Emilio Marangio, Dario Olivieri, Alfredo Chetta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  The role of elevated BMI in asthma is controversial.   Objectives:  To investigate the relationship between overweight (BMI > 25    Methods:  In 62 asthmatics (35 F; age 42 yr ± 15) with normal spirometry (FEV1/FVC≥70% and FEV1≥80%) and BMI    Results:  In all subjects and in asthmatic patients and healthy controls, when separately assessed, BMI was significantly related (p  20 ≤ 25 kg/m²) asthmatic and healthy subjects.   Conclusions:  This study shows that overweight is strictly associated to small airway dysfunction both in asthma and in normal people. IOS may add further information to spirometry in asthma.
The association of lung cancer with active pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Hajer Ben Abdelghaffar, Amani Ben Mansour, Ikbel Khalfallah, Ines Akrout, Hanene Smadhi, Leila Fekih, Hela Hassene, Dorra Greb, Dalinda Belhabib, Mohamed Lamine Megdiche
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The association of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer is a rare entity. The diagnosis and management can be difficult. the aim of our study was to assess the particularities of this association. We report a series including 25 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer association hospitalized in our departement seen in 20 years. All our patients are men. the mean age was 63 years. Symptoms are variable. The chest X-ray demonstrates characteristics signs of tuberculosis in 30% and of cancer in 45%. CT scan allowed evoking the diagnosis of tuberculos and/or cancer in 50%. The cancer diagnosis was confirmed by histology; Pieces of endoscopic biopsies in 70% and pieces of resection in 12%. Non small cell lung cancer is the most frequent histological types (80%). the clinical profile of lung cancer, at the time of the diagnosis, remains dominated by the advanced stages (80%). The mean diagnosis ddelay was 10 days in tuberculosis and 15 days in lung cancer. Antituberculosis chemotherapy was established in 80% of cases and only 40% of them were finished their treatment. Antituberculosis and anti-tumor chemotherapy were associated in 8 cases. the median survival was 15 months. It was 25 months in cases of association of antituberculosis and anti-tumor chemotherapy. A serious survey of pulmonary tuberculosis is obligatory, espaecially when the patient is smoker, aged more than 50 years. So that, we can obtain an early diagnosis of the lung cancer and improve prognosis.
The role of thymidylate synthase expression in prognosis and outcome of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with rectal cancer.
Authors: P G Johnston, E R Fisher, H E Rockette, B Fisher, N Wolmark, J C Drake, B A Chabner, C J Allegra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

We assessed the prognostic importance of the level of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in patients with primary rectal cancer and whether, for Dukes' B and C cancer patients, the benefit of chemotherapy was associated with TS expression.The level of TS expression in the primary rectal cancers of 294 of 801 patients enrolled on protocol R-01 of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) was immunohistochemically assessed with the monoclonal antibody TS 106.Forty-nine percent of patients whose tumors had low TS levels (n = 91) were disease free at 5 years compared with 27% of patients with high levels of TS (n = 203; P < .01). Moreover, 60% of patients with low TS levels were alive after 5 years compared with 40% of patients with high TS levels (P < .01). The level of TS protein was significantly associated with Dukes' stage (P < .01); patients with a more advanced Dukes' stage had a significantly higher level of TS. The level of TS expression remained prognostic for both disease-free survival (P < .01) and survival (P < .05) independent of Dukes' stage and other pathologic characteristics evaluated. Thirty-eight percent and 54% of patients with high TS levels (n = 71) were disease free and alive, respectively, after 5 years when treated with chemotherapy, compared with 17% and 31%, respectively, of similar patients when treated with surgery alone (n = 64) (P < .01). No difference was noted in disease-free survival (P = .46) or survival (P = .43) in patients with low TS levels.The expression of TS is an important independent prognosticator of disease-free survival and survival in patients with rectal cancer. Adjuvant fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy demonstrated significant improvement in disease-free and overall survival for patients with high TS levels. Prospective studies measuring TS levels will be needed to understand further the role of TS as a prognosticator of survival and chemotherapeutic benefit.
How to Use Online Clinician Rating Systems
Authors: Aria A. Razmaria, Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Every patient has a right to know about his or her clinician's expertise and outcomes.What Are Physician Rating Systems?Online scoring systems are available that attempt to rate clinicians' expertise and outcomes.These include Medicare's Physician Compare (www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/search.html),Consumers' Checkbook's Surgeon Ratings (www.checkbook.org/surgeonratings), and Propublica's Surgeon Scorecard (projects .propublica.org/surgeons).Physician Compare has basic information about a physician's qualifications and some clinical outcomes information (like how many patients in a clinician's practice have good diabetes control).Consumers' Checkbook and ProPublica attempt to display how often patients have complications after their operations.These systems try to identify clinicians who have acceptable results or rank them as being better or worse than average, but in the current format, these rating systems have significant limitations that make them of uncertain value for patients.
Genetic interaction between ATP2A2 and ORMDL3, a calcium handling origin of asthma
Authors: Maartje Nieuwenhuis, Judith Vonk, Maarten van den Berge, Yohan Bossé, David Nickle, Gerard Koppelman, Dirkje Postma
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  Calcium homeostasis contributes to increased airway smooth muscle contraction, a core feature of asthma. Several candidate genes exist affecting calcium homeostasis. Two of these genes interact functionally,  ATP2A2  and  ORMDL3 ( Cantero-Recasens G et al Hum Mol Gen 2010;19:111-121).   Aim  To study interactions between SNPs in  ATP2A2  and  ORMDL3  in asthma and their association with gene expression in lung tissue.    Methods  SNPs tagging  ATP2A2 (n=3) and  ORMDL3 (n=12) were selected in a birth cohort (PIAMA: 111 asthma; 468 controls) and adult asthmatics(775 asthma; 468 controls). Genetic associations of SNPs with asthma and gene expression were tested using univariate and interaction models.   Results  Seven SNPs in  ORMDL3  were significantly associated with asthma. Rs3026445 in  ATP2A2  and 6  ORMDL3  SNPs had significant interactions in childhood asthma only. All  ORMDL3  SNPs changed  ORMDL3  gene-expression. Rs3026445 was not associated with  ATP2A2  gene expression. Significant interactions between  ATP2A2  and  ORMDL3  SNPs were found on gene expression of both  ATP2A2  and  ORMDL3 (table1).   Conclusion  We found no association of  ATP2A2  SNPs with asthma, but significant genetic interaction between  ATP2A2  and  ORMDL3  with asthma and gene expression in lung tissue. Thus, SNPs without univariate association with asthma or gene expression, may still be important since their modifying potential in associations of SNPs in another gene with these outcomes.
Associations between desert dust episodes and respiratory morbidity in Athens, Greece
Authors: Stavroula-Myrto Trianti, Evangelia Samoli, Sophia Rodopoulou, Klea Katsouyanni, Anna Karakatsani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The adverse effect of ambient particulate matter (PM) on respiratory morbidity is well documented. Desert dust outbreaks contribute to increased PM levels but the results of epidemiological studies are conflicting and the potential toxicity of desert dust possibly mixed with anthropogenic pollutants, needs to be clarified.  The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of exposure to PM 10  on respiratory morbidity during days with and without desert dust episodes.  We identified 132 days with desert dust episodes and 177 matched days by day of the week, season, temperature and humidity in Athens, Greece during 2001-2006. We applied time-series Poisson regression models adjusting for the remaining confounding effects of seasonality and meteorology. We evaluated the sensitivity of our results to co-pollutant exposures and effect modification by age and sex.  A 10 μg/m 3  increase in PM 10  concentration was associated with 1.95% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02%, 3.91%) increase in respiratory emergency room visits. No interaction with desert dust episodes was observed. Stronger effects were observed in males and among those above 65 years. There was a 47.09% (95%CI: 28.64%, 68.20%) increase in visits during desert dust vs non-dust days, not adjusting for PM 10 . The results of the analyses of respiratory hospital admissions were similar. Our results were robust to adjustment of co-pollutants.  We confirm the adverse health effects of PM 10  from all sources on respiratory morbidity previously identified. Desert dust episode days are associated with higher respiratory emergency room visits and hospital admissions, but their effect is not sufficiently explained by the increase in PM 10 .
Farm-Tractor—Related Fatalities—Kentucky, 1994
Authors: T. W. Struttmann, Carl Spurlock, Susan H. Pollack, E. Moon-Hampton, Steven R. Browning, Robert McKnight, Reginald Finger
Journal: JAMA (1995)

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Change in lung functions in patients with COPD during 6MWT
Authors: Mir Shad Ali, Ritesh Singh, Deepak Talwar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Effect of exercise on Inspiratory Capacity(IC)is well understood in patients with COPD but the dynamic relationship between lung functions and parameters of 6MWT are not well established.Aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of 6MWT on spirometric indices and IC in COPD patients  Method:103 diagnosed COPD patients prospectively performed 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Pre and post test lung functions were measured including FEV1, FVC and Inspiratory Capacity (IC). Continuous SpO2 monitoring was done during the test. Paired sample t-test was used to compare these results. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to check relation between various spirometric and 6MWT parameters  Results:101 patients were able to complete 6MWT.The mean age of patient’s was 61.63±9.22years.There was significant reduction in IC after the test in these patients (2.06±0.73L to1.94±0.73L;p=0.004)and insignificant decrease in FEV1%predicted after the test (48.71±19.71%to48.02±18.05%;p=0.142).Mean distance covered during 6MWT was 392.61±125.63m,and did not show correlation to change in IC(r=-0.241;p= 0.092).Maximum desaturation per unit change in distance(ΔSpO2/6MWD)during 6MWT was significantly correlated with IC and FEV1 after the test (r= -0.362;p= 0.005 and r=-0.447;p= 0.0001 respectively),but was not affected by change in IC (r= 0.100;p= 0.451). ΔSpO2/6MWD and not change in IC was significantly affected by the disease severity (p=0.003vsp= 0.255)  Conclusion:The study showed fall in saturation per unit distance walked in 6MWT is a sensitive parameter of disease severity in COPD. Hyperinflation(fall in IC)does9nt worsen with more distance walked negating its impact on development of breathlessness during 6MWT.
Phospholipase A2and acute pancreatitis in rats
Authors: T BERTSCH, E G FISCHER
Journal: Gut (1999)

Editor,—Phospholipase A2(PLA2) is an enzyme that cleaves fatty acids from phospholipids, leading to the generation of inflammatory eicosanoids.1 The group II isoenzyme of phospholipase A2 (PLA2-II) is raised in peripheral blood during various inflammatory states.2 PLA2 is induced in vitro and in vivo by the classic acute phase cytokine interleukin 6.3 ,4 Therefore PLA2-II can be regarded as an acute phase protein. With great interest we read the well designed study of Furue et al ( Gut 1997; 41 :826–31) who could clearly show that most PLA2 activity during sodium deoxycholate induced acute pancreatitis in rats is due to the group II isoenzyme. Furue and colleagues suggested that the liver is the main source of this … Dr Hori.
Effects of Aged Stored Autologous Red Blood Cells on Human Endothelial Function
Authors: Michael G. Risbano, Tamir Kanias, Darrel Triulzi, Chenell Donadee, Suchitra Barge, Jessica Badlam, Shilpa Jain, Andrea M. Belanger, Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro, Mark T. Gladwin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: A major abnormality that characterizes the red cell "storage lesion" is increased hemolysis and reduced red cell lifespan after infusion. Low levels of intravascular hemolysis after transfusion of aged stored red cells disrupt nitric oxide (NO) bioavailabity, via accelerated NO scavenging reaction with cell-free plasma hemoglobin. The degree of intravascular hemolysis post-transfusion and effects on endothelial-dependent vasodilation responses to acetylcholine have not been fully characterized in humans.Objectives: To evaluate the effects of blood aged to the limits of Food and Drug Administration–approved storage time on the human microcirculation and endothelial function.Methods: Eighteen healthy individuals donated 1 U of leukopheresed red cells, divided and autologously transfused into the forearm brachial artery 5 and 42 days after blood donation. Blood samples were obtained from stored blood bag supernatants and the antecubital vein of the infusion arm. Forearm blood flow measurements were performed using strain-gauge plethysmography during transfusion, followed by testing of endothelium-dependent blood flow with increasing doses of intraarterial acetylcholine.Measurements and Main Results: We demonstrate that aged stored blood has higher levels of arginase-1 and cell-free plasma hemoglobin. Compared with 5-day blood, the transfusion of 42-day packed red cells decreases acetylcholine-dependent forearm blood flows. Intravascular venous levels of arginase-1 and cell-free plasma hemoglobin increase immediately after red cell transfusion, with more significant increases observed after infusion of 42-day-old blood.Conclusions: We demonstrate that the transfusion of blood at the limits of Food and Drug Administration–approved storage has a significant effect on the forearm circulation and impairs endothelial function.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01137656)