tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Richard Lower: Anatomist and Physiologist
Authors: Richard B. Davis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters20 June 2000Richard Lower: Anatomist and PhysiologistRichard B. Davis, MD, PhDRichard B. Davis, MD, PhDWilliamsburg, VA 23188 (Davis)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-12-200006200-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Felts is to be commended for his review of the life and accomplishments of Richard Lower (1). After publication of Dr. Lower's observations about transfusion, Jean Denis, physician to Louis XIV, repeated Lower's dog studies. On 15 June 1667, Denis gave the first of five heterologous transfusions to different persons (2). He obtained blood from the carotid artery of a lamb and thus did not, as noted by Dr. Felts, perform “the first transfusion between humans.” After another transfusion, given to a paid “robust” volunteer, the subject reportedly felt stronger than before the transfusion (3). Arthur ...References1. Felts JH. Richard Lower: anatomist and physiologist. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:420-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Davis RB. Back to the future: the past and projected future use of heterologous blood for human transfusion. Proceedings of the 33rd International Congress on the History of Medicine. Sociedad Espanola de Historia de la Medicina. 1994:969-74. Google Scholar3. Denis J. Concerning a new way of curing sundry diseases by transfusion of blood. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1667;3:489-504. Google Scholar4. Denis J. An extract of a letter written by J. Denis, Doctor of Physick and Professor of Philosophy and the Mathematicks at Paris, touching a late cure of an inveterate phrensy by the transfusion of blood. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1668;4:710-3. Google Scholar5. Dedolph F. Transfusion in a case of hemophilia. Transactions of the Minnesota State Medical Society, 14th Annual Meeting. 1882; 89-90. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Williamsburg, VA 23188 (Davis) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRichard Lower: Anatomist and Physiologist John H. Felts Metrics Cited ByThe Design Evolution and Assessment of Syringe Infusion Pump Using Breakdown Statistics 20 June 2000Volume 132, Issue 12Page: 1008-1009KeywordsBloodBlood transfusionCarotid arteriesHeart rateHemorrhageKidneysPlateletsSweatUrinevon Willebrand disease Issue Published: 20 June 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pregnancy After Bariatric Surgery Associated With Risks to Offspring
Authors: Jill Jin
Journal: JAMA (2013)

avoiding drug toxicity, and you need to do the basic metabolic panel when a patient comes in sick so youknowhis or her kidney function toadjust amedicationdoseappropriately,” said Levey. Another issue for Levey is that the ACP guidelines conflict with the recently released guidelines on the treatment of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), a Belgian foundation and the only global developer of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in kidney disease. “It’s unfortunate there wasn’t an attempt to harmonize these recommendations, because it’s not responsible for one body toputout recommendationsafter another did, without discussing any differences,” Levey said. “This leaves clinicians in themiddle saying, ‘What am I supposed to believe?’”
Patients and Their Doctors: A Study of General Practice
Authors: E. James Potchen
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<b>Is There an Alternative?</b>(From the<i>British Medical Journal)</i>, 73 pp, paper, 7 shillings, $1, London: British Medical Journal, 1967. What is the state of socialized medicine? During its 20-year history, the British Health Service has provoked many publications both pro and con. A recent aggravation of fiscal problems has raised questions about the efficiency of the system. Physicians dissatisfied with income and working conditions are compounding the problems arising from deteriorating hospital facilities. The problems are financial and an unbending national priority in a receding economy has given cause for alarm. From information obtained by a comprehensive survey, Miss Cartwright writes of the relationship between general practitioners and their patients. Numerous quotes from the "additional remarks" aspect of the survey provide intersting comments and have a tendency to enliven the rather dry statistical data. The book contains valuable information for reference, but it is not recommended as light reading
Psychological evalation in cases of self-poisoning.
Authors: J West
Journal: BMJ (1978)

mately 2500 reports relating to beta-blockers other than practolol (Eraldin) have been received.There have been reports of rashes or dry eyes associated with the use of all the drugs in this group, but in most cases the signs and symptoms have cleared when treatment was withdrawn.The Committee has received no evidence that any of the currently available beta- blockers produce reactions of comparable severity to practolol, but in order to confirm this and also to exclude the possibility that serious adverse reactions of other types are occurring the Committee on Safety of Medicines would urge doctors to continue to report all untoward events occurring in patients on beta-blocking agents.
Sacral Nerve Root Neurolymphomatosis Diagnosed on FDG-PET/CT and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Qian Dong, Ka Kit Wong, Anca M. Avram
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 67-year-old male with transformed diffuse large B cell lymphoma presented with severe neuropathic-type pain radiating down his posterior right thigh. Initial lumbar radiographs and MRI of the lumbar spine failed to identify a cause for his symptoms. A FDG-PET/CT scan demonstrated increased focal FDG uptake in the right sacral (S2) nerve root. Review of the lumbar spine MRI performed 6 days earlier demonstrated abnormal right S2 nerve root enhancement. The combined FDG-PET/CT and MRI findings allowed a presumptive diagnosis of neurolymphomatosis. However, the patient succumbed to his illness before planned local radiotherapy could be performed.
Evaluating Customer Satisfaction with Colonoscopy
Authors: P. Salmon, R. Shah, S. Berg, C. Williams
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Twenty patients were interviewed shortly after colonoscopy, and the adjectives and phrases they used to describe the experience were formed into a 31-item questionnaire, on which each item was rated using a seven-point scale. This questionnaire was completed by 110 similar patients. Principal components analysis of these responses yielded three components: satisfaction, physical discomfort, and emotional distress. This demonstrates that patients' experience of colonoscopy is multidimensional; whether or not a patient feels satisfied is unrelated to how distressing or uncomfortable it is. Component-based scale scores were calculated so as to quantify every patient's experience on each dimension. Procedures performed by the most experienced endoscopist were no less uncomfortable than others, but they were less distressing. Female patients experienced more discomfort than males, but were no more distressed or less satisfied. This questionnaire could be useful in any future audit of colonoscopy from the patients' point of view.
Reactive oxygen species are involved in smoking-induced dysfunction of nitric oxide biosynthesis and upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human coronary artery endothelial cells
Authors: Rajat S. Barua, John A. Ambrose, Dhanonjoy C. Saha, Sudhesh K. Srivastava, Mary C. DeVoe, Lesley-Jane Eales-Reynolds
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
DRUG-ELUTING STENTS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER OUTCOMES COMPARED TO BARE-METAL STENTS IN UNSTABLE ANGINA OR NON ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Georges Ephrem, Venkatesan Vidi, Zia Rab, Michael Kim, Rajiv Jauhar, Perwaiz Meraj
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 4416: A reporter mouse to measure drug myelotoxicity in time.
Authors: Nicoletta Rizzi, Isabella Manni, Laura Mancini, Chiara Roncoroni, Electra Brunialti, Paolo Oliva, Maria Pia Gentileschi, Stefano Di Giovine, Enrico A. Pesenti, Giulia Piaggio, Adriana Maggi, Paolo Ciana
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Myelotoxicity is the well known side effect of most anti-cancer treatments, thus the study of the myelosuppressive effect of a given treatment is tested routinely during the preclinical phase of investigation. Current ethodologies require the use of a very large number of animals to measure the effect of the investigated compound in time and the study is generally carried out by bone marrow dissection and subsequent analysis with a myeloid clonogenic assay. The goal of our study was to apply non invasive imaging technologies to generate a novel, simple and robust assay to test the state of proliferation of bone marrow reducing the number of animals to be sacrificed and increasing the power of the analysis thanks t the possibility to follow in time, in the same animal the effect of the treatment. To this aim, we have utilized a trangenic mouse, the repTOP™mitoIRE reporter mouse recently developed to image proliferative events in vivo (Goeman et al 2012, Oliva et al 2012). This transgenic mouse carries a luciferase reporter gene under the transcriptional control of a minimal human cyclin B2 promoter.Our in vitro and in vivo results show that the luciferase expression and photon emission in the different body regions of the repTOP™mitoIRE is strictly proportional to the proliferative state of the cells in the tissues examined. Our results demonstrate that the extent of bone marrow proliferation can be measured by in vivo imaging photon emission of femur and sternum in each mouse prior the treatment and then monitored during the longitudinal study. The repTOP™mitoIRE mouse model, was successfully applied to the study of the differential immunosuppressive potential of several well known anti-neoplastic treatments demonstrating the validity of the novel test over currently available methodologies: we measured the differential effects on immunosuppression and on regeneration of 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel, bortezomid, temozolomide and radiotherapy in dose-response experiments. The results led us to conclude that the imaging-based test here proposed is reproducible and provides a reliable measure of bone marrow cell proliferation in time and to propose it as a routine test in for the pre-clinical of novel anti-neoplastic compounds. Citation Format: Nicoletta Rizzi, Isabella Manni, Laura Mancini, Chiara Roncoroni, Electra Brunialti, Paolo Oliva, Maria Pia Gentileschi, Stefano Di Giovine, Enrico A. Pesenti, Giulia Piaggio, Adriana Maggi, Paolo Ciana. A reporter mouse to measure drug myelotoxicity in time. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4416. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4416
Polyethylene Glycol–Superoxide Dismutase Prevents Endotoxin-induced Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Gerald S. Supinski, Leigh A. Callahan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Sepsis produces significant mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction in the heart, but the role of superoxide-derived free radicals in the genesis of these abnormalities is not completely understood.Objectives: The study was designed to test the hypothesis that superoxide scavenger administration prevents endotoxin-induced cardiac mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction.Methods: Four groups of rats were studied, and animals were injected with either saline, endotoxin, endotoxin plus polyethylene glycol-adsorbed–superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD; a free-radical scavenger), or PEG-SOD alone. Animals were killed 48 h after injections. We then measured cardiac mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), formation of free-radical reaction products (protein carbonyls, lipid aldehydes, nitrotyrosine), mitochondrial function, and cardiac contractile function.Measurements and Main Results: Endotoxin elicited increases in cardiac mitochondrial ROS formation (p < 0.001), increases in cardiac levels of free-radical reaction products, reductions in mitochondrial ATP generation (p < 0.001), and decrements in cardiac pressure–generating capacity (p < 0.01). Administration of PEG-SOD blocked formation of free-radical reaction products, prevented mitochondrial dysfunction, and preserved cardiac contractility. For example, mitochondrial ATP generation was 923 ± 50, 392 ± 32, 753 ± 25, and 763 ± 36 nmol/min/mg, respectively, for control, endotoxin, endotoxin + PEG-SOD, and PEG-SOD groups (p < 0.001). In addition, cardiac systolic pressure generation at a diastolic pressure of 15 mm Hg averaged 110 ± 11, 66 ± 7, 129 ± 10 and 124 ± 5 mm Hg, respectively, for control, endotoxin, endotoxin + PEG-SOD, and PEG-SOD groups (p < 0.01).Conclusion: These data indicate that superoxide-derived oxidants play a critical role in the development of cardiac mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction in endotoxin-induced sepsis.
Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Martin Wolkewitz, Arthur Allignol, Nicholas Graves, Adrian G Barnett
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To test the "27 club" hypothesis that famous musicians are at an increased risk of death at age 27. <b>Design </b>Cohort study using survival analysis with age as a time dependent exposure. Comparison was primarily made within musicians, and secondarily relative to the general UK population. <b>Setting</b> The popular music scene from a UK perspective. <b>Participants</b> Musicians (solo artists and band members) who had a number one album in the UK between 1956 and 2007 (n=1046 musicians, with 71 deaths, 7%). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Risk of death by age of musician, accounting for time dependent study entry and the number of musicians at risk. Risk was estimated using a flexible spline which would allow a bump at age 27 to appear. <b>Results</b> We identified three deaths at age 27 amongst 522 musicians at risk, giving a rate of 0.57 deaths per 100 musician years. Similar death rates were observed at ages 25 (rate=0.56) and 32 (0.54). There was no peak in risk around age 27, but the risk of death for famous musicians throughout their 20s and 30s was two to three times higher than the general UK population. <b>Conclusions</b> The 27 club is unlikely to be a real phenomenon. Fame may increase the risk of death among musicians, but this risk is not limited to age 27.
Effects of a nitrate-free interval on tolerance, vasoconstrictor sensitivity and vascular superoxide production
Authors: Thomas Münzel, Hanke Mollnau, Mark Hartmann, Carolin Geiger, Mathias Oelze, Ascan Warnholtz, Abdullah Hay Yehia, Ulrich Förstermann, Thomas Meinertz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Prescription-Drug Coverage for Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The Congressional Budget Office has estimated that all spending for prescription drugs by and on behalf of Medicare's eligible population will total $1.8 trillion during the period from 2004 through 2013. The House and Senate have approved bills that would authorize expenditures of about $400 billion during that period, or less than 25 percent of this total amount, to finance an expanded drug benefit for the 40 million disabled and elderly beneficiaries who are eligible for Medicare. Even working with this vast sum, which would represent an increase of 12 percent in total Medicare expenditures over a decade, legislators have . . .
Fifty Years of Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Lawrence H. Cohn
Journal: Circulation (2003)

n May 6th, 2003, we celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first successful open-heart operation performed with the use of the heart-lung machine, one of the most important forms of therapy in the history of cardiac disease.On that spring day in Philadelphia, John H. Gibbon, Jr, MD, of the Jefferson University Medical Center, using total cardiopulmonary bypass for 26 minutes, closed a large secundum atrial septal defect in an 18-year-old woman.Beginning with this case, generations of cardiac surgeons have been able to operate on millions of human hearts with alacrity, efficiency, and consistency to correct complicated congenital heart defects, cardiac valve disorders in the young and old, atherosclerotic coronary artery obstructions, and large aneurysms of the thoracic aorta.Until 1953, cardiac surgery was in its infancy and was more of a curiosity, except for treatment of rheumatic mitral stenosis, beginning in 1923 with Cutler's successful case of a closed mitral commissurotomy with a tenotomy knife at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston. 1 The only successful heart operations done before 1953 were closed techniques for mitral stenosis, 2 a few clinical experiments in 1952 with "open" heart by deep hypothermic arrest by John Lewis at the University of Minnesota, 3 and the "blue-baby" operations of the 1940s and 1950s. 4t is not a fluke that John Gibbon was the first to do this procedure.He had studied and worked tirelessly on this project for 23 years before the first successful application.Dr Gibbon, who would have also celebrated his one-hundredth birthday in 2003, was a medical student at Jefferson and finished his residency in surgery at the Pennsylvania Hospital in the late 1920s.In 1930, he obtained a research fellowship with Dr Edward Churchill, the Chief of Surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.On October 3rd, 1930, Dr Gibbon witnessed the collapse of a patient with a massive pulmonary embolism after a general surgical operation.After a period of deteriorating hemodynamics, watched closely by Dr Gibbon at the patient's bedside all night, the patient underwent a closed pulmonary embolectomy (Trendelenburg operation) performed by Dr Churchill, but to no avail; the patient died.This dramatic clinical experience had a profound and lasting effect on Dr Gibbon and determined his lifetime academic research interest.
Penicillamine and previous treatment with gold
Authors: E N Coomes, M. Webley
Journal: BMJ (1978)

It should perhaps be pointed out that normal melatonin levels during the night (2400) cover a very large range,2 which in my own laboratory currently extends from undetectable ( < 7) to 161 pg/ml with one value of 269 pg/ml at 0200.Great care is therefore needed in describing a night-time plasma melatonin level as "abnormal."Inter-individual daytime levels are admittedly more stable (mean ± SEM at 1200: 13 9+0 5 pg/ml, n=50, men; 14 6±0 9 pg/ml, n = 45, women) and the main interest of the case reported by Dr Barber and his colleagues lies in the very high daytime levels.
Lupus erythematosus with leflunomide: induction or reactivation?
Authors: D Gensburger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Leflunomide is a new oral disease modifying antirheumatic drug with a good safety profile. <b>Case report:</b> The first case of lupus erythematosus in a 58 year old white woman after administration of leflunomide for primary Sjögren's syndrome is reported. The relationship between induced lupus and leflunomide was confirmed by the resolution of the skin rash when the drug was stopped and its recurrence when it was reintroduced following a dose-response effect. <b>Discussion:</b> Peripheral blood cells from this patient, from 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and from healthy controls were used in a bioassay, which suggested that leflunomide affected the Th1/Th2 balance. Such a side effect might be related, in part, to the anti-tumour necrosis factor α activity of leflunomide.
The trouble with bone allograft
Authors: F. H Norman-Taylor, N. Santori, R. N Villar
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Allogeneic bone is the most commonly grafted tissue.1 Its applications are expanding in all aspects of orthopaedic surgery, notably in the restoration of bone stock in patients undergoing revision hip replacement or surgical treatment for bone tumours. This expansion has occurred despite concerns about the supply and safety of allogeneic bone grafts and the complications of the procedure.1 2 3 4 5 6 In the absence of an alternative, however, demand has begun to outstrip supply.

Bone tissue for allograft is obtained mainly through the donation of femoral heads from primary hip replacement. Guidelines have been developed which stipulate strict criteria for donation.3 7 As a result, up to 50% of potential donors are excluded. The remainder are tested for antibodies to HIV-1, …
THE VALUE OF ESERIN (PHYSOSTIGMIN) SALICYLATE IN OBSTRUCTION DUE TO INTESTINAL PARESIS.
Authors: CARL W. STROBELL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Nov. 16, 1907, I was called in consultation with Dr. L. to see an 8-year-old French girl presenting the following history: <h3>History.</h3> —Six months previously she was attacked with colic pains in the right iliac region, followed by tenderness and muscular rigidity, obstinate constipation and slight rise of temperature. Efforts to move the bowels were successful after three days. Recovery. During the past six months she had had three similar attacks, working out in much the same way. Nov. 9, 1907, a fifth attack set in, beginning like the previous ones, the bowels, however, remaining obdurate, notwithstanding the employment of the same measures as in previous attacks. On the fourth day vomiting set in. On the fifth day, the ejected matters became stercoraceous, and continued so until this consultation, which was on the seventh day of the attack. Symptoms at this time were: Pulse 114, temperature 99.4, respiration 20; tongue
Association between Local Traffic-Generated Air Pollution and Preeclampsia and Preterm Delivery in the South Coast Air Basin of California
Authors: Jun Wu, Cizao Ren, Ralph J. Delfino, Judith Chung, Michelle Wilhelm, Beate Ritz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Preeclampsia is a major complication of pregnancy that can lead to substantial maternal and perinatal morbidity, mortality, and preterm birth. Increasing evidence suggests that air pollution adversely affects pregnancy outcomes. Yet few studies have examined how local traffic-generated emissions affect preeclampsia in addition to preterm birth.We examined effects of residential exposure to local traffic-generated air pollution on preeclampsia and preterm delivery (PTD).We identified 81,186 singleton birth records from four hospitals (1997-2006) in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California (USA). We used a line-source dispersion model (CALINE4) to estimate individual exposure to local traffic-generated nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) and particulate matter < 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)) across the entire pregnancy. We used logistic regression to estimate effects of air pollution exposures on preeclampsia, PTD (gestational age < 37 weeks), moderate PTD (MPTD; gestational age < 35 weeks), and very PTD (VPTD; gestational age < 30 weeks).We observed elevated risks for preeclampsia and preterm birth from maternal exposure to local traffic-generated NO(x) and PM(2.5). The risk of preeclampsia increased 33% [odds ratio (OR) = 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18-1.49] and 42% (OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.26-1.59) for the highest NO(x) and PM(2.5) exposure quartiles, respectively. The risk of VPTD increased 128% (OR = 2.28; 95% CI, 2.15-2.42) and 81% (OR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.71-1.92) for women in the highest NO(x) and PM(2.5) exposure quartiles, respectively.Exposure to local traffic-generated air pollution during pregnancy increases the risk of preeclampsia and preterm birth in Southern California women. These results provide further evidence that air pollution is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes.