tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2010: Whole genome profiling to identify novel metastasis regulators in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Christine Hauser, Anna Shavinskaya, Barbara Hutter, Mohammed Abba, Olga Tkachenko, Peter Lichter, Roland Eils, Benedikt Brors, Heike Allgayer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related death in men and women in Germany according to the Robert Koch Institute. The leading cause for cancer related mortality is the development of metastasis. In our study, we aim to identify novel regulators of the metastatic process in colorectal cancer. To this end we employed next generation whole genome sequencing of resected tissues from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. In particular, we sequenced samples from primary tumor, corresponding normal colon mucosa, metastasis and normal tissue from the metastatic site. The DNA from one patient was thereby sequenced on two different platforms, one being Illumina HiSeq the other Complete Genomics (CG). Additionally, we sequenced the transcriptome of this patient to correlate mRNA expression with genetic aberrations. This abstract focusses on the first results regarding metastatic aberrations. The average read coverage for the samples sequenced with the Illumina platform was between 50-60x and for the samples sequenced with CG between 105-135x. In total 3607 SNVs were identified in coding regions in the metastasis with both platforms, 40 of these were in exonic regions and classified as high confidence with both platforms. We also sequenced samples from an additional two patients on one sequencing platform each. One of the patients also presented with liver metastasis, the other one with a lung metastasis. These data were also compared to the data from the first patient to identify possible common aberrations as well as possible differences between the different metastatic sites. We identified several copy number changes occurring in the same chromosomal regions in different patients. Similarly, several genes affected by SNVs were common in two of the patients, while only high confidence APC mutations were common to all three patients. Seven additional genes were affected by high confidence SNVs in the two patients sequenced using the CG platform and three on the Illumina platform, two of which have not yet been characterized in the context of cancer or metastasis. Citation Format: Christine Hauser, Anna Shavinskaya, Barbara Hutter, Mohammed Abba, Olga Tkachenko, Peter Lichter, Roland Eils, Benedikt Brors, Heike Allgayer. Whole genome profiling to identify novel metastasis regulators in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2010. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2010
Heterogeneity in cellular response and intracellular distribution of Ca2+ concentration during and after metabolic inhibition
Authors: H. Hayashi, H. Miyata, A. Kobayashi, N. Yamazaki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

To characterise cell injury during myocardial hypoxia and reoxygenation, [Ca2+]i was measured in guinea pig ventricular myocytes using digital images of fura-2 fluorescence.[Ca2+]i and cell morphology were measured during and after the perfusion of 2 mmol.litre-1 sodium cyanide (NaCN).28 ventricular myocytes isolated from guinea pig hearts.Eight out of 28 cells became rounded during the perfusion with NaCN, and [Ca2+]i increased from 48 (SEM 6) nmol-litre-1 to 163(24) (p less than 0.01) before cell rounding, and to 311(46) (p less than 0.01) after cell rounding. Ten cells were rounded after the washout of NaCN, and [Ca2+]i increased to 252(41) nmol.litre-1 before cell rounding (p less than 0.01), and to 314(48) after cell rounding (p less than 0.01). Intracellular distribution of [Ca2+]i was heterogeneous in some cells with high [Ca2+]i. The values of [Ca2+]i before and after cell rounding, during and after the perfusion of NaCN, were significantly lower than those during the perfusion of strophanthidin (0.1 mmol.litre-1).There appeared to be a mixed population of myocytes, some showing normal [Ca2+]i and shape, and others showing high [Ca2+]i and contracture, during the perfusion or the washout of NaCN. Ca2+ overload alone is unlikely to be the main and the only mechanism of cell injury during myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation. Other mechanisms such as membrane disturbance could be involved.
Nail in the Aorta
Authors: J M Felner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Figure 1. A 32-year-old man who had attempted suicide with a nail gun directed at his heart just to the left of the sternum presented to the emergency room with cardiac tamponade. The chest x-ray film (Panel A) revealed a nail (arrow), apparently in the heart. A two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiogram in the transverse plane at the level of the aorta revealed that the nail (open arrow) was 1 cm distal to the aortic leaflets (Panel B). The nail penetrated the right ventricle (RV), just proximal to the pulmonic valve (PV), adhering the right ventricle to the aorta (AO). A horizontal . . .
Integrated Profiling of Basal and Luminal Breast Cancers
Authors: José Adélaïde, Pascal Finetti, Ismahane Bekhouche, Laetitia Repellini, Jeannine Geneix, Fabrice Sircoulomb, Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Nathalie Cervera, Jérôme Desplans, Daniel Parzy, Eric Schoenmakers, Patrice Viens, Jocelyne Jacquemier, Daniel Birnbaum, François Bertucci, Max Chaffanet
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Basal and luminal are two molecular subtypes of breast cancer with opposite histoclinical features. We report a combined, high-resolution analysis of genome copy number and gene expression in primary basal and luminal breast cancers. First, we identified and compared genomic alterations in 45 basal and 48 luminal tumors by using 244K oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). We found various genome gains and losses and rare high-level gene amplifications that may provide therapeutic targets. We show that gain of 10p is a new alteration in basal breast cancer and that a subregion of the 8p12 amplification is specific of luminal tumors. Rare high-level amplifications contained BCL2L2, CCNE, EGFR, FGFR2, IGF1R, NOTCH2, and PIK3CA. Potential gene breaks involved ETV6 and FLT3. Second, we analyzed both aCGH and gene expression profiles for 42 basal and 32 luminal breast cancers. The results support the existence of specific oncogenic pathways in basal and luminal breast cancers, involving several potential oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSG). In basal tumors, 73 candidate oncogenes were identified in chromosome regions 1q21-23, 10p14, and 12p13 and 28 candidate TSG in regions 4q32-34 and 5q11-23. In luminal breast cancers, 33 potential oncogenes were identified in 1q21-23, 8p12-q21, 11q13, and 16p12-13 and 61 candidate TSG in 16q12-13, 16q22-24, and 17p13. HORMAD1 (P = 6.5 × 10−5) and ZNF703 (P = 7 × 10−4) were the most significant basal and luminal potential oncogenes, respectively. Finally, among 10p candidate oncogenes associated with basal subtype, we validated CDC123/C10orf7 protein as a basal marker. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11565–75]
ANTIBODIES TO HTLV I AND III IN SERA FROM TWO JAPANESE PATIENTS, ONE WITH POSSIBLE PRE-AIDS
Authors: Tadao Aoki, Hideo Miyakoshi, Yoshimaru Usuda, Jean-Claude Chermann, Francois Barré-Sinoussi, RobertC. Ting, RobertC. Gallo
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome associated with gastrointestinal carcinoma. Report of two cases in a family.
Authors: B Cochet, J Carrel, L Desbaillets, S Widgren
Journal: Gut (1979)

Patients with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome carry a slight, though definite, increased risk of gastrointestinal carcinoma. The malignant potentiality of Peutz-Jeghers hamartomatous polyps, generally considered benign, is supported by this report. Two cases of metastasising gastrointestinal carcinoma associated with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are described in a 56 year old female and her 29 year old son. Both mother and son died from duodenal and gastric carcinomas respectively, which developed in hamartomatous polyps with extensive metastases. Both cases also showed dysplastic areas within hamartomatous polyps. These features indicate that hamartomatous polyps may, in some cases, be the precursors of digestive tract carcinomas.
Effect of intravenous adenosine on human atrial and ventricular repolarisation
Authors: S. O Nunain, C. Garratt, V. Paul, N. Debbas, D. E Ward, A J. Camm
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Objective: The aim was to assess the effects of therapeutic doses of intravenous adenosine on human atrial and ventricular repolarisation. Methods: The effects of 6 mg and 12 mg bolus doses of adenosine on the atrial and ventricular monophasic action potentials were studied using the contact catheter technique in 19 patients undergoing routine diagnostic electrophysiology studies. The effect on atrial repolarisation was studied before and after β blockade in a subgroup of patients. Results: The duration of the monophasic action potential to 90% repolarisation (MAPD90) was measured in all cases. After 6 mg of adenosine the atrial MAPD90 shortened from 227(SD 29) ms to 188(25) ms (p<0.005); after 12 mg it shortened from 221(31) ms to 168(32) ms (p<0.001). The maximum shortening was unaltered by propranolol 0.15 mg·kg−1. The ventricular MAPD90 showed no significant change after 12 mg, at 240(32) ms v 234(33) ms. Conclusions: Therapeutic doses of adenosine shorten the atrial but not the ventricular monophasic action potential duration. The effect is dose dependent and not abolished by β blockade. Cardiovascular Research 1992;26:939–943
Injury to the eye
Authors: P T Khaw
Journal: BMJ (2004)

An injury to the eye or its surrounding tissues is the most common cause for attendance at an eye hospital emergency department. How the injury was sustained gives clues about what to look for during the examination. If there is a history of any high velocity injury (particularly a hammer and chisel injury) or if glass was involved, a penetrating injury must be strongly suspected and excluded. If there has been a forceful blunt injury (such as a punch), signs of a "blowout" fracture should be sought. The circumstances of the injury must be carefully recorded as they may have important medicolegal implications. It may not be possible to get an accurate and reliable history from children if an adult has not witnessed the injury. Such injuries should be treated with a high index of suspicion, as a penetrating eye injury may be present. The injured eye A good examination is vital if there is a history of eye injury. Specific signs must be looked for or they will be missed. It is vital to test the visual acuity, both to establish a baseline value and to alert the examiner to the possibility of further problems. However, an acuity of 6/6 does not necessarily exclude serious problems—even a penetrating injury. The visual acuity may also have considerable medicolegal implications. Local anaesthetic may be needed to obtain a good view, and fluorescein is essential to ensure no abrasions are missed. View this table: Corneal abrasions are the most common result of blunt injury. They may follow injuries with foreign bodies, fingernails, or twigs. Abrasions will be missed if fluoroscein is not instilled. The three aims of treatment are to:
Drug points: Apparent interaction between warfarin and levonorgestrel used for emergency contraception
Authors: J Ellison, A J Thomson, I A Greer, I D Walker
Journal: BMJ (2000)

measure, but this has not been supported. 4 Despite this, half of patients with advanced cancer who lose 10 or more points per week die within two weeks (95% confidence interval 8.6 days to 19.4 days), and three quarters are dead at three weeks.In contrast, 50% of patients in whom the weekly score does not deteriorate survive for two months (35.2 days to 76.8 days).Although Barthel score at admission correlated with overall survival, no differences in scores on admission were found among the three groups in either sample (sample 1, P = 0.08, and sample 2, P = 0.74, Kruskal-Wallis; see table on website).Admission score therefore cannot be used to determine pattern of subsequent change and hence to estimate survival more accurately.
Comparison of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid and cellulose as adjuncts to a prudent diet in the treatment of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Eleanor G. Levin, Valery T. Miller, Diane B. Stoy, Richard A. Muesing, Timothy K. Balm, John C. LaRosa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Update on Spondyloarthropathies
Authors: Muhammad Asim Khan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Spondyloarthropathies are a cluster of interrelated and overlapping chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases that primarily include ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and the arthritis associated with psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. The primary pathologic sites are the entheses (the sites of bony insertion of ligaments and tendons); the axial skeleton, including the sacroiliac joints; the limb joints; and some nonarticular structures, such as the gut, skin, eye, and aortic valve. Although spondyloarthropathies are not associated with rheumatoid factor, they show a strong association with HLA-B27; however, this association varies markedly among various spondyloarthropathies and among ethnic groups. The most widely used classification criterion, from the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group, encompasses the currently recognized wider disease spectrum, with a sensitivity and specificity that generally exceed 85%. Spondyloarthropathies occur in genetically predisposed persons and are triggered by environmental factors, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation are not yet fully understood. Chlamydial and many enterobacterial infections can trigger reactive arthritis, but an infectious trigger for ankylosing spondylitis has not yet been established. HLA-B27 itself is involved in enhancing genetic susceptibility, but the underlying molecular basis is still unknown; additional genes include the putative susceptibility genes for Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, and psoriasis. A specific susceptibility gene for Crohn disease, NOD2, is located on chromosome 16q12, and one of the candidate genes for psoriasis, PSORS1, has been mapped to a 60-kb fragment on chromosome 6p, which is telomeric to the HLA-C locus. This paper reviews the efficacy of anti–tumor necrosis factor-α therapy and other therapeutic advances.
Diabetes Reporting as a Cause of Death: Results from the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study
Authors: Tsung-Hsueh Lu, Mei-Shu Lai, Robert N. Anderson, Chien-Ning Huang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

McEwen et al. (1) conclude that diabetes is much more likely to be reported on the death certificates of diabetic individuals who die of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). They calculated the odds of recording diabetes anywhere on the death certificate by underlying cause of death (UCOD) and concluded that if the UCOD was CVD, the certifying physician was more likely to report diabetes on the …
Association between certain foods and risk of acute myocardial infarction in women.
Authors: A Gramenzi, A Gentile, M Fasoli, E Negri, F Parazzini, C La Vecchia
Journal: BMJ (1990)

STUDY OBJECTIVE--To examine the relation between selected foods and acute myocardial infarction in women. DESIGN--Case-control study conducted over five years. SETTING--30 Hospitals with coronary care units in northern Italy. SUBJECTS--287 Women who had had an acute myocardial infarction (median age 49, range 22-69 years) and 649 controls with acute disorders unrelated to ischaemic heart disease (median age 50, range 21-69 years) admitted to hospital during 1983-9. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Frequency of consumption of various foods and odds ratios of risks associated with these foods. RESULTS--The risk of acute myocardial infarction was directly associated with frequency of consumption of meat (odds ratio 1.5 for upper v lower thirds of consumption), ham and salami (1.4), butter (2.3), total fat added to food (1.6), and coffee (2.8). Significant inverse relations were observed for fish (0.6), carrots (0.4), green vegetables (0.6), and fresh fruit (0.4). The risk was below one for moderate alcohol consumption (0.7) and above one for heavier intake (1.2). Allowance for major non-dietary covariates, including years of education, smoking, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, hypertension, and body mass index, did not appreciably alter the estimates of risk for most of the foods; for coffee, however, the odds ratio fell to 1.8 on account of its high correlation with smoking. CONCLUSIONS--The frequency of consumption of a few simple foods may provide useful indicators of the risk of myocardial infarction. Furthermore, specific foods such as fish, alcohol, or vegetables and fruits may have an independent protective role in the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Delayed Haemorrhage after Traumatic Rupture of Spleen
Authors: N. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1950)

BEnAJ 1351 containing 7 ml. of thiopentone and 10 mg. of tubarine was injected into a vein and anaesthesia was maintained with 60% N20, 10% C3H,, and 30% 02- The right forearm and hand became blanched; this was particularly noticeable on the ulnar half.The right radial artery was barely palpable at the wrist.Shortly afterwards giant urticarial weals appealed, extending from the hand to the axilla.Immediately 100 mg. of procaine (5 ml. of 2% procaine) was injected into the aberrant artery at the site of the original puncture.The forearm and hand rapidly became pink, the radial pulse became full, and shortly afterwards the urticarial weals began to disappear.In view of this good response no anticoagulants were given and no block was performed.A further 100 mg. of procaine, however, was given intra-arterially at the end of the operation 20 minutes later.A careful watch was kept on the circulation in the ward, but no sequelae developed and the patient was discharged fit seven days later and has had no further trouble since.
Diagnostic yield and management benefit of laparoscopy: a prospective audit.
Authors: G C Vander Velpen, S M Shimi, A Cuschieri
Journal: Gut (1994)

A prospective audit of the diagnostic yield and management benefit of laparoscopy was undertaken in 220 consecutive patients. The procedure was performed electively in 180 patients and as an emergency in 40. The indications for laparoscopy in the elective group were suspected hepatic disease, staging of intra-abdominal malignancy, diagnostic problems, and chronic abdominal pain. Emergency laparoscopy was performed in patients admitted with acute abdominal pain. Diagnostic benefit varied with the indication for the procedure: liver disease 71%, tumour staging 87%, uncertain diagnosis 74%, acute abdominal pain 100%, and chronic abdominal pain 41%. Clinical management was significantly influenced by laparoscopy in 15 of 21 (71%) patients with liver disease, 10 of 30 (33%) with intra-abdominal malignancy, 5 of 19 (26%) with uncertain diagnosis, 32 of 40 (80%) with acute abdominal pain, and 15 of 110 (23%) patients with chronic abdominal pain. A wrong assessment of the nature or stage of the disease was made by laparoscopy in 3 of 220 (1.0%). There was no morbidity or mortality attributed to laparoscopy in the study.
Thyroid Function and Human Reproductive Health
Authors: G. E. Krassas, K. Poppe, D. Glinoer
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

Via its interaction in several pathways, normal thyroid function is important to maintain normal reproduction. In both genders, changes in SHBG and sex steroids are a consistent feature associated with hyper- and hypothyroidism and were already reported many years ago. Male reproduction is adversely affected by both thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism. Erectile abnormalities have been reported. Thyrotoxicosis induces abnormalities in sperm motility, whereas hypothyroidism is associated with abnormalities in sperm morphology; the latter normalize when euthyroidism is reached. In females, thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism can cause menstrual disturbances. Thyrotoxicosis is associated mainly with hypomenorrhea and polymenorrhea, whereas hypothyroidism is associated mainly with oligomenorrhea. Thyroid dysfunction has also been linked to reduced fertility. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation leads to important increases in estradiol, which in turn may have an adverse effect on thyroid hormones and TSH. When autoimmune thyroid disease is present, the impact of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation may become more severe, depending on preexisting thyroid abnormalities. Autoimmune thyroid disease is present in 5–20% of unselected pregnant women. Isolated hypothyroxinemia has been described in approximately 2% of pregnancies, without serum TSH elevation and in the absence of thyroid autoantibodies. Overt hypothyroidism has been associated with increased rates of spontaneous abortion, premature delivery and/or low birth weight, fetal distress in labor, and perhaps gestation-induced hypertension and placental abruption. The links between such obstetrical complications and subclinical hypothyroidism are less evident. Thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy is due to Graves’ disease and gestational transient thyrotoxicosis. All antithyroid drugs cross the placenta and may potentially affect fetal thyroid function.
Cancer of the Female Genital Tract
Authors: R. C. Benson
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1968)

VULVA Cancer of the vulva accounts for 2-3% of all female cancers.It is the fourth most common female genital cancer.This disorder, which is ex tremely rare before adolescence, is most common between age 50-70 years (average 65).No race or culture is
Deal with myths about population growth to improve birth control, says MP
Authors: M. G. a. B. Terrington
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Ten myths about world population need to be dealt with before progress can be made on meeting the challenges and dangers of mass population growth, an MP has warned. If these myths are not dispelled further progress on the millennium development goals is unlikely.

In the paper, Sex, Ideology and Religion: 10 Myths about Population Growth , Conservative MP for Croydon South Richard Ottaway, and researcher Genevieve Hutchinson say that key misunderstandings surrounding family planning and population growth include the beliefs that the population explosion is over, that population growth is inevitable, and that foreign …
The dietary fat--breast cancer hypothesis is alive
Authors: A. Schatzkin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Data from animal experiments and human correlation studies strongly support the dietary fat-breast cancer hypothesis. Moreover, a causal relation between dietary fat and breast malignancy is biologically plausible. Negative findings from recent analytic epidemiologic studies of dietary fat and breast cancer, however, have fueled the notion that the hypothesis is no longer viable. We argue that only limited conclusions should be drawn from epidemiologic studies to date because of the narrow range of dietary fat intake among subjects and the substantial measurement error in dietary assessment. Although many doubts remain about the dietary fat--breast cancer hypothesis, the question is of such importance that intensive efforts at designing better studies of the hypothesis are urgently needed. Such studies might include (1) laboratory investigations in humans that examine possible mechanisms for the effects of fat, (2) large, prospective epidemiologic studies, and (3) randomized, controlled diet trials.