tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of edema in constrictive pericarditis. Studies of body water and sodium, renal function, hemodynamics, and plasma hormones before and after pericardiectomy.
Authors: I S Anand, R Ferrari, G S Kalra, P L Wahi, P A Poole-Wilson, P C Harris
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of sodium and water accumulation in chronic constrictive pericarditis is not well understood and may differ from that in patients with chronic congestive heart failure due to myocardial disease. This study was undertaken to investigate some of the mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Using standard techniques, the hemodynamics, water and electrolyte spaces, renal function, and plasma concentrations of hormones were measured in 16 patients with untreated constrictive pericarditis and were measured again in eight patients after pericardiectomy. The average hemodynamic measurements were as follows: cardiac output, 1.98 l/min/m2; right atrial pressure, 22.9 mm Hg; pulmonary wedge pressure, 24.2 mm Hg; and mean pulmonary artery pressure 30.2 mm Hg. The systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances (36.3 +/- 2.5 and 3.2 +/- 0.3 mm Hg.min.m2/l, respectively) were increased. Significant increases occurred in total body water (36%), extracellular volume (81%), plasma volume (53%), and exchangeable sodium (63%). The renal plasma flow was only moderately decreased (49%), and the glomerular filtration rate was normal. Significant increases also occurred in plasma concentrations of norepinephrine (3.6 times normal), renin activity (7.2 time normal), aldosterone (3.4 times normal), cortisol (1.4 times normal), growth hormone (21.8 times normal), and atrial natriuretic peptide (5 times normal). The ratio of left atrial to aortic diameter measured by echocardiography was only minimally increased (1.29 +/- 0.04), indicating that in constrictive pericarditis the atria are prevented from expanding. The studies repeated after pericardiectomy in the eight patients showed that all measurements returned toward normal. CONCLUSIONS The restricted distensibility of the atria, in constrictive pericarditis, limits the secretion of atrial natriuretic factor and, thus, reduces its natriuretic and diuretic effects. This results in retention of water and sodium greater than that occurring in patients with edema from myocardial disease. The arterial pressure is maintained more by the expansion of the blood volume than by an increase in the peripheral vascular resistance.
Acute Pulmonary Physiologic Effects of Smoked Marijuana and Oral Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Healthy Young Men
Authors: Donald P. Tashkin, Bertrand J. Shapiro, Ira M. Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Acute pulmonary physiologic effects of smoked marijuana and oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol were investigated in 32 healthy, experienced male marijuana smokers. After smoking of marijuana assayed at either 1 or 2 per cent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, specific airway conductance increased immediately, reached peak levels at 15 minutes and was still significantly elevated at 60 minutes. In contrast, specific airway conductance decreased after both tobacco smoking and deep-breathing maneuvers that simulated marijuana smoking. Inhalation of 1250 μg of isoproterenol caused specific conductance to rise to less than 60 per cent of the average peak increase observed after 2 per cent marijuana. After ingestion of 10, 15 and 20 mg of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in 12 subjects, specific airway conductance rose significantly as compared with placebo, attained peak levels three hours after ingestion and remained elevated for four to six hours. These findings indicate that both smoked marijuana and oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol cause definite dilatation of the airways lasting as long as 60 minutes and six hours, respectively. (N Engl J Med 289:336–341, 1973)
Still No Closure on the Question of PFO Closure
Authors: Steven R. Messé, David M. Kent
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

In approximately 30% of young survivors of stroke, no clear cause is identified despite a thorough evaluation.1 Patent foramen ovale is found on transesophageal echocardiography in about half of these patients, as compared with approximately 25% of the general population. Clinicians, then, often assume that the patent foramen ovale was the cause of the stroke, although it may be incidental in some patients.24 The most effective strategy for the prevention of stroke recurrence in such patients is uncertain, and some experts recommend closure of the patent foramen ovale to prevent future embolic events, although high-level data have been lacking. . . .
Letter to the editor: Level of protein s and essential thrombocythemia
Authors: M. G. Mazzucconi, A. Chistolini, A. Ferrari, P. Arcieri, F. Mandelli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

concerning the occurrence of low protein S (PS) levels in essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients, with a history of thrombosis [I].Arterial and/or venous thrombosis are not rare in the clinical course of ET: in the review of Bellucci et al. their rate is about 30% [2].It is interesting to investigate why thrombotic complications occur in certain ET patients, but not in others.Increase of platelet number and abnormal function have been believed to be the most relevant cause of thrombotic events.Conlan and Haire envisage that a decrease of PS represents another haemostatic abnormality in addition to high platelet count.We would like to briefly refer to our experience with eight untreated patients with newly diagnosed ET, in whom PS was tested [3].Three of them presented thrombotic symptoms (i.e., T.I.A. and Rey-
Training of Faculties for Medical Schools in Developing Countries
Authors: Ned C. Fahs
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Among the foreign physicians who come to the United States for graduate training, those who are or will be faculty members of medical schools in their home countries are the most important. They are important because of the role they will play as leaders in the progress of medicine in their countries and as representatives abroad of American medical science. They help reverse the brain drain, in a cooperative enterprise in which American medicine extends its skills abroad, and shares its accomplishments for the benefit of other nations. In this beneficial process, American physicians are rendering a considerable service for world progress. This is not to say that American medical knowledge and practice are always superior to those in less developed countries. In some specialties, and for certain purposes, the physicians can obtain more suitable training and have a more useful and satisfactory experience in his own country. Yet there
USEFULNESS OF PLAQUE ASSESSMENT BY 64-SLICE MULTI-DETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR PREDICTING STENTING-RELATED PERIPROCEDURAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Tomoe Murakami, Yuichi Kawase, Shinsaku Shimamoto, Hiroshi Ueda, Hiroki Sakamoto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Oxidative stress in sepsis: a redox redux
Authors: J. K. Kolls
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Sepsis and sepsis syndrome are leading causes of mortality throughout the world. It is widely held that sepsis represents a dysregulated innate immune response to an offending pathogen. This immune response is often initiated via microbial products signaling through TLRs expressed on host immune cells. There is increasing evidence that this innate response can be dramatically influenced by the cellular redox state, and thus a better understanding of oxidative regulation of innate immunity could lead to new treatments for sepsis. In this issue of the JCI, Thimmulappa et al. show that nuclear factor-erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), a member of the “cap’n’collar” family of basic region–leucine zipper transcription factors, which has previously been shown to be involved in the transcription of antioxidant gene expression in response to xenobiotic stress, is also a critical regulator of cellular oxidative stress in sepsis (see the related article beginning on page 984).
Progress in Cardiology—5
Authors: Robert J. Henning
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>Progress in Cardiology—</h3> <i>5</i>is written specifically for the cardiologist, the cardiovascular physiologist, and the internist with a pronounced interest in cardiology and cardiovascular research. The book begins with a sixchapter symposium on coronary blood flow. Kloeke describes physiological mechanisms that regulate coronary blood flow in the normal and abnormal myocardium. Heart rate, preload, afterload, and contractility are listed by Parmley as the primary determinants of myocardial oxygen demand. These factors are more readily manipulated by the clinician than attempts to improve myocardial oxygen supply. Specific supply-demand ratios in pathological states are discussed by Hoffman and Buckberg. Kloeke summarizes methods for measuring coronary flow, regional flow, and graft flow to the myocardium. This long chapter overlaps with the ensuing chapter in which Masesi presents measurements of myocardial blood flow. External counting, steady imaging, and dynamic regional recording for evaluating coronary blood flow is discussed in the final chapter on coronary blood
The ontology of creature consciousness: A challenge for philosophy
Authors: Gualtiero Piccinini
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

I appeal to Merker's theory to motivate a hypothesis about the ontology of consciousness: Creature consciousness is (at least partially) constitutive of phenomenal consciousness. Rather than elaborating theories of phenomenal consciousness couched solely in terms of state consciousness, as philosophers are fond of doing, a correct approach to phenomenal consciousness should begin with an account of creature consciousness.
Gynecology: Principles and Practice
Authors: Larry McGowan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The present volume, written by a single author, is designed as a student text and as a reference book of gynecology. The author has been aided by the environment of the Free Hospital for Women and in his writing has wisely incorporated the observations of others at his institution.  The 11 chapters are coherent and easy to read. In addition to the traditional chapters on the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine corpus, oviduct, and ovary, there are separate chapters devoted to endometriosis, infertility, steroid therapy, and cytogenetics. The chapter on steroid therapy is outstanding. It not only gives a brief resume of basic steroid chemistry, and a summation of the pharmacology and physiology of androgens, estrogens, progesterone, and synthetic progestins, but also defines the use of the common steroids available today. Dr. Kistner emphasizes hormonal therapy in dysfunctional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and primary dysmenorrhea. The therapy is justified and will obviate
The World Biennial of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Most of us read little that is published in a language other than English. Thus, we may miss the careful clinical studies, the theoretical discussions, the important but undramatic research reports in the foreign literature, comparable to those in the journals that we read regularly. We may even come to assume that most of the important work in our field is done by workers who publish in English.<i>The World Biennial of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy</i>may help to correct this illusion. The first volume of this series, published in 1971, contained 24 papers by psychiatrists from 13 countries and sold for twenty dollars. The second volume, again arranged by Arieti with the same international editorial board, has 22 papers from 14 countries and is only fifteen dollars. Two German psychoanalysts present an insightful discussion of fathers and fatherhood today. Two Israeli psychiatrists describe child development in the Kibbutz. A Canadian
833. Combined Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Therapy and 5-FU Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yanhong Zhang, Lingfeng He, Songqing He, Jian Wu, Xinyuan Liu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide, with approximately 1 million new cases diagnosed in 2000, and accounting for over 500,000 deaths. Novel agents that target specific molecular pathways are needed. A replication-competent adenoviral transduction of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) inhibited growth of colorectal tumor cells in culture and tumor xenografts in a mouse model (Cancer Research; 2006 in press). Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the most widely used anticancer agent for gastrointestinal cancers, and it is commonly used as adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of MnSOD gene therapy combined with chemotherapy, on tumor growth and tumor-free survival. METHODS: Nude mice were divided into four groups: PBS control, ZD55-MnSOD injection, 5-FU injection, combined ZD55-MnSOD with 5-FU injection. 5-FU was administered intraperitoneally every other day after four times injection with ZD55-MnSOD. Cell cycles were assayed by FACS. DNA fragmentation, transition electronic microscope and TUNEL assay were used to determine the extent of apoptosis. RESULTS: There was a remarkable decrease in cell viability after colorectal tumor cells were treated with ZD55- MnSOD at various MOI and 5-FU from 24 hours to 72 hours. Enhanced apoptosis in tumor cells receiving the dual therapy was evident as determined by DNA fragmentation analysis, Hoechst 33258 staining, electron microcopy, and a TUNEL assay. Growth of tumor xenografts was significantly inhibited in nude mice 2 months after intratumoral injection of ZD55-MnSOD. The tumor volume decreased significantly in mice after receiving combined injection of ZD55-MnSOD and 5-FU, was much lower than that in mice receiving injections of ZD55-MnSOD or 5-FU alone (80.98±31.76 vs. 792.11±69.70, 1050±435.39 mm3). Moreover, the combined injection of ZD55-MnSOD with 5-FU markedly improved the animal survival, which was better than ZD55-MnSOD or 5-FU alone (66.7% vs. 50% and 33.3%). CONCLUSION: Both ZD55- MnSOD and 5-FU are shown to induce the apoptosis in colorectal tumor cells, while 5-FU potentiated the proapoptotic effect induced by ZD55-MnSOD. It appears that a caspase-dependent pathway is involved in the apoptotic onset in colorectal tumor cells caused by 5-FU or ZD55-MnSOD. Thus, dual adenoviral MnSOD gene therapy plus 5-FU chemotherapy achieved synergetic action in suppressing the tumor growth.
Synthesis of taurine–fluorescein conjugate and evaluation of its retina-targeted efficiency in vitro
Authors: Meihong Huang, Jiaqi Song, Bingzheng Lu, Huizhi Huang, Yizhen Chen, Wei Yin, Wenbo Zhu, Xinwen Su, Chuanbin Wu, Haiyan Hu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

In this work, retinal penetration of fluorescein was achieved in vitro by covalent attachment of taurine to fluorescein, yielding the F–Tau conjugate. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were used to confirm the successful synthesis of F–Tau. The cellular uptake of F–Tau in adult retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) was visualized via confocal scanning microscopy. The results indicated an improvement of solubility and a reduction of logP of F–Tau compared with fluorescein. As compared with fluorescein, F–Tau showed little toxicity, and was retained longer by cells in uptake experiments. F–Tau also displayed higher transepithelial permeabilities than fluorescein in ARPE-19 and hRMECs monolayer cells (P<0.05). These results showed that taurine may be a useful ligand for targeting small-molecule hydrophobic pharmaceuticals into the retina.
Letter: Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cancer.
Authors: J Mertin
Journal: BMJ (1973)

ing genetic effects where pooling of genes will occur, but it is not acceptable in assessing radiation carcinoma and leukaemia risk.However, perhaps the worst anomaly lies in the collection of radiation records.Radia- tion workers in establishments subject to the Factories Actl 2 must, by law, have correct and accurate radiation records which are transferred with them when they change jobs.Other establishments such as univer- sities and hospitals generally adopt the same procedure for their radiation workers,3 and recently the National Radiological Protection Board has set up a computerized record system which represents the first attempt to institute some form of central register.The irony of the situation is that a large proportion of radiation workers will receive doses of less than 0.25 rem per year, this being the limit of measurement, and such doses will be carefully recorded.Doses ob- tained from medical and dental exposures for particular individuals on the other hand, which will in many cases considerably ex- ceed these figures, will in general not be precisely known and will not be recorded.Such a situation is palpably absurd and it is obviously time that all radiation doses received by any individual from any source, whether it be occupational or from medical or dental diagnosis, should be accurately known and centrally recorded.Only when this is done can any reasonable evaluation of radiation risk be made.-Iam, etc.,
The Prevalence and Causes of Colonic Cancer-Reply
Authors: Albert Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  Dr Sherr correctly indicated that the incidence of 400,000 skin cancers exceeds the 215,000 cases of cancer of the digestive tract. However, more than 98% of the 400,000 skin carcinomas are indolent nonmetastasizing basal cell neoplasms. 1 The estimated number of deaths caused by gastrointestinal tract carcinoma for 1985 is 119,800 compared with 7,400 for malignant melanomas of the skin. The number of deaths due to malignant neoplasms of the digestive tract is 16 times higher than that for malignant melanomas of the skin. There are no deaths listed for the 400,000 skin cancers. 1   Although Dr Sherr is statistically correct, the clinical significance of skin cancer pales in comparison with that of malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract.
Nasal Challenge with Serotonin and Histamine in Normal Persons
Authors: P. Tønnesen, N. Mygind
Journal: Allergy (1985)

In order to study the nasal response to serotonin, 14 normal persons, in a double-blind study, were provoked in the nose with serotonin and histamine. Itching and the number of sneezes were noted, the amount of secretion measured, and nasal airway resistance recorded by active posterior rhinomanometry. Serotonin induced significant nasal itching, sneezing and hypersecretion, similar to the effects of histamine. The effect of serotonin on nasal airway resistance, on the other hand, was slight (+ 10%) and insignificant in contrast to that of histamine in equipotent doses (+ 48%) (P less than 0.001). In conclusion, we have shown that serotonin provocation can induce a rhinitis response in the human nose. The nasal symptoms suggest an effect on sensory nerves with reflex-induced sneezing and hypersecretion, while there appears to be little direct effect on capacitance vessels. The possible role of serotonin as a mediator of rhinitis remains speculative.
KIR and a specific HLA-C gene are associated with susceptibility and resistance to hepatitis B virus infection in a Brazilian population
Authors: Patricia Araujo, Giovana Gonçalves, Flavia Latini, Orlando Ferreira, Luis Cristovão Porto, Jose Augusto Barreto, Manoel João Castelo Girao, Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
Endoscopic Haemostasis by Injection-Therapy in High-risk Patients
Authors: D. Wördehoff, H. Gros †
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

The diagnosis of an upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be clarified quickly and reliably by emergency endoscopy. It would seem reasonable to make this efficient diagnostic approach available for therapy in order to stop the bleeding. Over a period of 2 1/2 years, we discovered an active bleeding or several recurrences during emergency endoscopy in 36 patients with a high operative risk. In these cases we attempted local haemostasis by sclerosing injections. Most patients had signs of shock at the time of admission. The average haemoglobin level was 7:42 g/100 ml, the average blood requirement was 4,4 units in the first 24 hours. 12 patients had stress lesions, 19 patients important factors militating against an operation, namely age and serious primary diseases, 5 patients had other risk factors. In 33 out of 36 patients (91.9%) haemostasis was accomplished during endoscopy. In 7 patients recurrences occurred, 3 bleeds were arrested by a repeated sclerosing. Thus definitive haemostasis was achieved in 29 patients (80.6%). We believe that it is justified to attempt endoscopic sclerotherapy in high-risk patients before undertaking an emergency operation.
Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity and Melphalan
Authors: JACOB D. BITRAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1981Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity and MelphalanJACOB D. BITRAN, M.D.JACOB D. BITRAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-2-243_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Doxorubicin and daunorubicin can cause dose-dependent cardiomyopathy in children and adults (1, 2). Risk factors that predispose patients to cardiomyopathy include advanced age, previous radiotherapy to the mediastinum, and concurrent cyclophosphamide therapy (2). A form of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy has also been reported (3). This acute cardiomyopathy may manifest as pericarditis-myocarditis, acute left ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmia, and myocardial infarction (3). The risk factors for this acute anthracycline cardiomyopathy are not well defined; however, large doses of doxorubicin over short periods may predispose patients to this toxicity (4).Over the past 4 years, five patients have developed acute left...References1. MINOWBENJAMINLEE RRE. Adriamycin cardiomyopathy—risk factors. Cancer 1977;39:1397-402. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. VON HOFFROZENCWEIGLAYARDSLAVIKMUGGIA DMMMF. Daunomycin-induced cardiotoxicity in children and adults: review of 110 cases. Am J Med. 1977;62:200-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BRISTOWBILLINGHAMMASONDANIELS MMJJ. Clinical spectrum of anthracycline antibotic cardiotoxicity. Cancer Treat Rep. 1978;62:873-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. FURNERBROWN RR. L-Phenylalanine mustard (L-Pam): the first 25 years. Cancer Treat Rep. 1980;64:559-74. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. TATTERSALLJARMANNEWLANDSHOLYHEADMILSTEADWEINBERG MMELRA. Pharmaco-kinetics of melphalan following oral or intravenous administration in patients with malignant disease. Eur J Cancer. 1978;14:507-13. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JACOB D. BITRAN, M.D.Affiliations: Pritzker School of Medicine Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center Chicago, IL 60616 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPossible enhancement of the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin when combined with mitomycin CClinical Presentations of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity 1 August 1981Volume 95, Issue 2Page: 243-244KeywordsArrhythmiaCardiomyopathiesChildrenCyclophosphamideMedical risk factorsMyocardial infarctionToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...