tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distribution of α1B-adrenergic receptor mRNA expression along rat nephron segments
Authors: Satoshi Umemura, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Kouichi Tamura, Kiyoshi Hibi, Nobuo Nyui, Tomoaki Ishigami, Minoru Kihara, Machiko Yabana, Masao Ishii
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
Influence of a diet regimen on glucose homeostasis and serum lipid levels in male elite athletes
Authors: Ragnar Tegelman, Torwald Åberg, Roland Eklöf, Äke Pousette, Kjell Carlström, Lars Berglund
Journal: Metabolism (1996)

Physical training affects carbohydrate metabolism and results in an increased insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. To investigate if carbohydrate and lipid metabolism would be affected by nutritional factors in optimally trained elite athletes, during a 1-year period we studies elite ice-hockey players on two Swedish top-performance teams. Players on one team were subjected to extensive dietary monitoring and intervention, whereas players on the second team continued their ordinary diet. Blood levels of insulin, C-peptide, glucose, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), lipids, and lipoproteins were measured repeatedly. Basal insulin levels and insulin resistance (IR) were significantly lower among athletes on both teams compared with a sedentary group, and muscle weight and body mass index were significantly higher. During the course of the study in the intervention group, insulin levels decreased (3.6 +/- 0.3 v 6.2 +/- 0.6 [mean +/- SEM], P <.05) in conjunction with a decreased relative fat energy content, but returned toward baseline levels when relative fat energy content increased. IR decreased in parallel (0.59 +/- 0.05 v l.12 +/- 0.12, P <.05) and followed a similar pattern, reverting toward baseline levels. Also, levels of HbA1c changed during dietary manipulation. No changes in these parameters were observed among the elite players from the team not participating in the diet regimen. In contrast to the parameters for glucose homeostasis, no significant changes were found in serum lipid or lipoprotein levels in either team during the course of the study. The results verify the presence of an improved carbohydrate metabolism in elite athletes. The observed changes in glycemic control and glucose homeostasis as a consequence of dietary modification demonstrate further that nutritional factors may affect carbohydrate metabolism also in well-trained athletes.
Was Bullis Fever Actually Ehrlichiosis?-Reply
Authors: Thomas R. Eng
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We appreciate Dr Goddard's thoughts on the causative agent of human ehrlichiosis and its possible relationship to the agent of Bullis fever. Although many similarities exist in the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiologic aspects of human ehrlichiosis and Bullis fever, major differences between these diseases suggest that they are indeed different entities. The majority of patients with human ehrlichiosis and Bullis fever have similar nonspecific signs and symptoms such as fever, headache, anorexia, and weight loss.<sup>1,2</sup>However, all patients with Bullis fever had lympadenopathy that was often generalized,<sup>2</sup>and these lymph nodes "were easily palpable and in many instances acutely tender."<sup>3</sup>Generalized lymphadenopathy has not been reported in any patient with human ehrlichiosis (Centers for Disease Control, unpublished data). Absolute leukopenia is a common hematologic finding in both human ehrlichiosis and Bullis fever.<sup>1,2</sup>However, several hematologic parameters are quite different in descriptions of these
A NEW METHOD USING CARDIAC CT KINEMATICS TO REFLECT THE ACTIVATION PATTERN VISUALIZED WITH ELECTROANATOMICAL MAP: CARDIAC CT PHASE TIME VELOCITY ACTIVATION-ENCODED MAP (ACTIVATE)
Authors: Quynh A. Truong, Wai-ee Thai, Bryan Wai, Qing Zhou, Heather Brown, Richard Bennett, Jonathan Beaudoin, Jagmeet Singh, Conor Barrett, Stephan Danik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the rat glomerulus and tubule during recovery from renal ischemia.
Authors: N E Soifer, S K Van Why, M B Ganz, M Kashgarian, N J Siegel, A F Stewart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is widely expressed in normal adult and fetal tissues, where it acts in an autocrine/paracrine fashion, stimulates growth and differentiation, and shares early response gene characteristics. Since recovery from renal injury is associated with release of local growth factors, we examined the expression and localization of PTHrP in normal and ischemic adult rat kidney. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent complete bilateral renal artery occlusion for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 15 min, and 2, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. Renal PTHrP mRNA levels, when compared with sham-operated animals, increased twofold after ischemia, and peaked within 6 h after reperfusion. PTH receptor, beta-actin, and cyclophilin mRNA levels all decreased after ischemia. PTHrP immunohistochemical staining intensity increased in proximal tubular cells after ischemia, changing its location from diffusely cytoplasmic to subapical by 24 h after reperfusion. In addition, PTHrP localized to glomerular epithelial cells (visceral and parietal), but not to mesangial cells. PTHrP and PTH stimulated proliferation two- to threefold in cultured mesangial cells. We conclude that PTHrP mRNA and protein production are upregulated after acute renal ischemic injury, that PTHrP is present in glomerulus and in both proximal and distal tubular cells, and that PTHrP stimulates DNA synthesis in mesangial cells. The precise functions of PTHrP in normal and injured kidney remain to be defined.
Cancer Stem Cells: Constantly Evolving and Functionally Heterogeneous Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Tao Yang, Kiera Rycaj, Zhong-Min Liu, Dean G. Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Elucidating the origin of and dynamic interrelationship between intratumoral cell subpopulations has clear clinical significance in helping to understand the cellular basis of treatment response, therapeutic resistance, and tumor relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSC), together with clonal evolution driven by genetic alterations, generate cancer cell heterogeneity commonly observed in clinical samples. The 2013 Shanghai International Symposium on Cancer Stem Cells brought together leaders in the field to highlight the most recent progress in phenotyping, characterizing, and targeting CSCs and in elucidating the relationship between the cell-of-origin of cancer and CSCs. Discussions from the symposium emphasize the urgent need in developing novel therapeutics to target the constantly evolving CSCs.
Further Characterization of Skin Tumor Promotion and Progession by Mezerein in SENCAR Mice
Authors: M. W. Ewing, C. J. Conti, J. L. Phillips, T. J. Slaga, J. DiGiovanni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

This study evaluated the skin tumor-promoting activity of mezerein in SENCAR mice. The effect of initiation dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) on tumor promotion by mezerein was examined. Excellent dose-response relationships were observed for initiation with DMBA at 0.2-20 micrograms per mouse with mezerein as a complete promoter. None of the mezerein-only promotion groups had papilloma responses similar to those of the corresponding groups receiving two-stage promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) followed by mezerein, even when a 40-micrograms initiating dose of DMBA was used. The effect delaying promotion with mezerein for 10 weeks was also examined in mice initiated with either 0.2, 2, 20, or 40 micrograms of DMBA per mouse. The 10-week delay led to a slight increase in the number of papillomas per mouse in some but not all treatment groups. Again, none of the delayed-mezerein-treatment groups had papilloma responses similar to those of the corresponding two-stage promotion (TPA-mezerein) groups at any corresponding initiating dose of DMBA. Finally, the progression of papillomas to carcinomas during promotion with mezerein was examined in groups of mice initiated with either 2 or 20 micrograms of DMBA. Higher ratios of carcinomas to papillomas were observed in mice promoted with mezerein than in mice receiving TPA promotion or two-stage promotion (TPA-mezerein). However, the presence of two to four times more papillomas in some mezerein-treated groups did not lead to greater numbers of carcinomas than in the groups with fewer papillomas. The data do not support the idea that spontaneous stage I promotion can be induced by delaying mezerein treatment for 10 weeks. Furthermore, the data suggest that the higher ratio of carcinomas to papillomas observed with mezerein promotion may be a function of the lower tumor burdens obtained after promotion with this compound rather than a specific property of the chemical.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy reduced risk for recurrence in patients recently hospitalized with cardiovascular disease events
Authors: Michael E. Thase
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Gulliksson M, Burell G, Vessby B, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy vs standard treatment to prevent recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease: Secondary Prevention in Uppsala Primary Health Care Project (SUPRIM). Arch Intern Med. 2011;171:134-40. 21263103
Task force VII: Summary: A look at the future
Authors: Robert C. Schlant, Walter H. Abelmann, Robert A. O'Rourke, Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola, James A. Ronan, Frank I Moore, Robert L. Frye, Richard O. Russell, Anthony N. DeMaria, James J. Leonard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Abstract 14068: Differential Requirement For NADPH Oxidase- And Mitochondria-Derived Superoxides in Angiotensin II-Induced Skeletal Muscle Wasting (Cachexia) and Blood Pressure Increase
Authors: Sergiy Sukhanov, Laura Semprun-Prieto, Sarah Galvez, Tadashi Yoshida, Michael Tabony, Patrick Delafontaine
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is important for volume and blood pressure regulation and in cardiovascular and renovascular disease; however angiotensin II (ANG) effects on skeletal muscles are...
The Autobiography of William Carlos Williams
Authors: L. W. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This book, re-issued from a 1951 printing, is a candid account of 68 years of his life as William Carlos Williams remembers it. That his memories are not always correct— according to his wife and friends— is part the charm of this wry poetphysician from Rutherford, New Jersey. "Nine-tenths of our lives is well forgotten in the living," Williams writes; "A thin thread of narrative remains...." Williams' narrative shows much more clearly than any of his poetry how important medicine was to his writing. Readers often asked the genial pediatrician how he found time for both—the medical practice which was truly general rather than specialized as his study would have warranted, and the writing of nearly 40 books: short stories, novels, essays, biography, plays, and the constant love of his life, poetry. All the books except four were published while Williams was a practicing physician. As Williams saw the careers
Convergent Mutations and Kinase Fusions Lead to Oncogenic STAT3 Activation in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ramona Crescenzo, Francesco Abate, Elena Lasorsa, Fabrizio Tabbo’, Marcello Gaudiano, Nicoletta Chiesa, Filomena Di Giacomo, Elisa Spaccarotella, Luigi Barbarossa, Elisabetta Ercole, Maria Todaro, Michela Boi, Andrea Acquaviva, Elisa Ficarra, Domenico Novero, Andrea Rinaldi, Thomas Tousseyn, Andreas Rosenwald, Lukas Kenner, Lorenzo Cerroni, Alexander Tzankov, Maurilio Ponzoni, Marco Paulli, Dennis Weisenburger, Wing C. Chan, Javeed Iqbal, Miguel A. Piris, Alberto Zamo’, Carmela Ciardullo, Davide Rossi, Gianluca Gaidano, Stefano Pileri, Enrico Tiacci, Brunangelo Falini, Leonard D. Shultz, Laurence Mevellec, Jorge E. Vialard, Roberto Piva, Francesco Bertoni, Raul Rabadan, Giorgio Inghirami
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
Effect of H 11 on Growth of Mouse Tumours
Authors: D. L. Woodhouse
Journal: BMJ (1943)

A series of 77 cases of pneumonia treated with sulpha- methazine is reported, with a death rate of just over 4%.The drug is extremely well tolerated at all ages, and appears to be remarkably free of serious toxic effect, especially in middle-aged and elderly patients.The results are as good as with sulphapyridine.
It May Be, but Don't Count on It
Authors: William F. Bouzarth
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Mayhew's comment on the medicolegal jeopardy of the word "inadvertent" is timely.<sup>1</sup>As a director of a physician-operated insurance company, I heartily agree we should exclude that word from our vocabulary. However, a recent decision by the Supreme Court of Oklahoma may be comforting to those "caught" using this word. It was that court's opinion that the entry in the operative note "inadvertent injury to the bladder" during a hysterectomy did not constitute an admission of negligence by the surgeon.<sup>2</sup>Nevertheless, it is better to use the word "unintentional" when such events occur.
Alveolar neutrophil functions and cytokine levels in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome during nitric oxide inhalation.
Authors: S Chollet-Martin, C Gatecel, N Kermarrec, M A Gougerot-Pocidalo, D M Payen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

It was recently demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) inhalation improves arterial oxygenation in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the potential adverse reaction of NO on inflammatory cells and mediators in the lung has not yet been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the impact of NO inhalation on lung polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) activation and proinflammatory cytokine release, both of which are involved in the pathophysiology of ARDS. Two groups of patients with ARDS of similar etiologies were compared; one received NO (n=9) and the other did not (n=5). After 4 d of NO inhalation (18 ppm), PMN form bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) showed a reduction in both spontaneous H2O2 production (p<0.05) and beta 2 integrin CD11b/CD18 expression (p<0.05). Moreover, the high levels of IL8 and IL-6 decreased in BAL fluid supernatants after NO inhalation (p<0.05). In the NO-untreated group of patients with ARDS, neither PMN activation nor levels of IL-8 and IL-6 in BAL fluid changed significantly on Day 4. These results suggest that NO inhalation might reduce lung inflammation in ARDS, as reflected by PMN activation status and IL-8/IL-6 release.
Review: Antihypertensive treatment prevents cardiovascular events and mortality in cardiovascular disease without hypertension
Authors: Jay N. Cohn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Thompson AM, Hu T, Eshelbrenner CL, et al. Antihypertensive treatment and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events among persons without hypertension: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;305:913-22. 21364140
Abstract P2-06-06: ALU and LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated with HER2+/ER- subtype of breast cancer
Authors: HY Jung, SY Park, N Jung, N-Y Cho, GH Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The changes in DNA methylation status in cancer cells are characterized by hypermethylation of promoter CpG islands and diffuse hypomethylation of non-coding genomic regions. ALU and long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) are non-coding genomic repetitive sequences and methylation of these elements can be used as a surrogate marker for genomewide methylation status. This study was designed to evaluate the changes of ALU and LINE-1 hypomethylation during breast cancer progression from normal to pre-invasive lesions and invasive breast cancer (IBC), and their relations with characteristics of IBC. We analyzed the methylation status of ALU and LINE-1 in 145 cases of breast samples including normal breast tissue (n = 30), atypical ductal hyperplasia/ flat epithelial atypia (ADH/FEA, n = 30), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS, n = 35) and IBC (n = 50), and another set of 129 cases of IBC by pyrosequencing. LINE-1 methylation was significantly decreased from normal to ADH/FEA, while ADH/FEA, DCIS and IBC were not different each other. There was no difference in ALU methylation levels during progression of breast cancer. In IBC, ALU hypomethylation was correlated with negative estrogen receptor (ER) status (p = 0.007) and LINE-1 hypomethylation was associated with negative ER status (p&amp;lt;0.001), positive HER2 status (p = 0.005) and p53 overexpression (p = 0.024). ALU-1 and LINE-1 methylation status was significantly different between breast cancer subtype and the HER2+/ER- subtype had significantly lower methylation levels and frequencies than the other subtypes. Our findings suggest that LINE-1 hypomethylation is an early event during breast cancer progression and prominent hypomethylation of ALU and LINE-1 in HER2+/ER- subtype may be related to chromosomal instability of this specific subtype. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-06-06.
Hospital Use in a Fee-for-Service System
Authors: Fred T. Nobrega
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The population of Olmsted County, Minnesota, receives care virtually exclusively from two fee-for-service group practices: the Mayo Clinic and the Olmsted Medical and Surgical Group. Study of the use of acute-care hospital services by this population in 1976 reveals that the hospital discharge rate per 1,000 population, adjusted for age and sex, was 30% less than the national rate; the age-sex-adjusted rate of hospital days per 1,000 population was 38% less than the national rate. Analysis by length of stay, type of hospital service, frequency of selected diagnoses and surgical procedures, and certain demographic and economic characteristics did not explain the differences from national use rates. These rates are comparable, after age and sex adjustment, with those in larger prepaid group practices. The analysis suggests that the organization of medical care may have an important influence on hospital use.
Oral 6, Cutaneous tuberculosis in an infant
Authors: A. Bhoyar, H. Goodyear
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Oral 6, Cutaneous tuberculosis in an infant Get access A. Bhoyar, A. Bhoyar Department of Paediatrics, Heart of England NHS Trust, Birmingham, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Goodyear H. Goodyear Department of Paediatrics, Heart of England NHS Trust, Birmingham, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 6, 1 June 2007, Pages 1404–1405, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07876_6.x Published: 01 June 2007
Emotional Disturbances in Mentally Retarded Children
Authors: FRANK J. MENOLASCINO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

The experiences of a multidisciplinary team with 256 emotionally disturbed mentally retarded children are discussed, and descriptive diagnostic findings for four frequently noted types of emotional disturbance are presented, along with treatment-management considerations. The author notes that in the past, treatment of such children has too often been based on individual symptoms rather than on a long-range, total approach that flexibly focuses on the child's multilevel needs. He outlines some suggested guidelines for future clinical research.
Arterial-Venousn Differences in Plasma Concentrations of Nicotine After Cigarette Smoking
Authors: J. E. Henningfield, E. D. London, N. L. Benowitz
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Inhalation can deliver a drug to the brain more rapidly and efficiently than intravenous injection, thereby contributing to the addictive and toxic effects of psychoactive drugs such as nicotine and cocaine.<sup>1-3</sup>Because of the rapid equilibration of drug concentrations between arterial blood and the brain, postinhalation arterial drug levels should better reflect brain concentrations than venous levels, which reflect the average effluent concentrations from all organs. We are not aware of published data from human studies that compare concentrations of addictivedrugs measured simultaneously in venous and arterial blood after smoking. An ongoing study of the effects of cocaine on regional cerebral metabolism required insertion of venous and arterial catheters in volunteers and provided an opportunity to measure concentrations of nicotine in arterial and venous blood after smoking a cigarette. <h3>Study.—</h3> Five men, 26 through 39 years of age, who smoked a mean of
Medical Biology
Authors: Bert L. Vallee
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN THE LAST SEVERAL DECADES there has been a tremendous growth both in knowledge and understanding of biological systems resulting in a marked improvement in our ability to deal with disease. Molecular biology, suddenly exploding on cellular biology—as did nuclear physics on atomic physics a generation ago—has brought far-reaching challenges and hopes for the solution of questions of normal and diseased life processes thought to be experimentally inaccessible a decade ago. As a result of this progress, the intellectual pattern of medical practice and the nature of medical education has changed markedly on an ad hoc basis. However, these new realities have not had a truly incisive impact in easing the enormous task of the practitioner in bringing the rewards of the new chemical biology to the care of the sick.  Just about 100 years ago, by 1860, those at the forefront of the practice of medicine were basing their
Propranolol in the Prevention of First Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Hemorrhage in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver and Esophageal Varices
Authors: Jean-Pierre Pascal, Paul Cales
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

We conducted a prospective, randomized, multicenter, single-blind trial of propranolol as compared with placebo in the prevention of first upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. A total of 230 patients (90 percent with alcoholism and 46 percent with a Child–Pugh grade C classification) with large esophageal varices without previous bleeding were randomly assigned to receive either propranolol (n = 118) or placebo (n = 112), after they had been divided into two groups according to the severity of their liver disease. The end points of the study were bleeding and death. The dose of propranolol was progressively increased to decrease the heart rate by 20 to 25 percent. The final doses were 40 mg of conventional propranolol and 160 and 320 mg of long-acting propranolol daily in 22 percent, 60 percent, and 18 percent of patients, respectively. The mean (±SD) follow-up time among survivors without bleeding was 436±172 days. The cumulative percentages of patients free of bleeding two years after inclusion in the study were 74 percent (95 percent confidence limits, 61 and 83) in the propranolol group and 39 percent (95 percent confidence limits, 15 and 69) in the placebo group (P<0.05). Cumulative two-year survival was 72 percent (95 percent confidence limits, 60 and 81) in the propranolol group and 51 percent (95 percent confidence limits, 37 and 64) in the placebo group (P<0.05). The advantage of propranolol over placebo was maintained when potentially confounding variables were adjusted with use of the Cox model. Side effects occurred in 17 percent of the patients who received propranolol and led to the stopping of treatment in 11 percent. We conclude that propranolol can decrease the incidence of first bleeding and death during a period of two years in patients with cirrhosis and large varices. (N Engl J Med 1987; 317:856–61.)