tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Passive Inhalation of Marijuana Smoke-Reply
Authors: Mario Perez-Reyes
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  Mr Falck cites a disparity between the results of our controlled studies on the excretion of cannabinoids in urine after the passive inhalation of marijuana smoke and the report of Zeidenberg et al. These authors reported that one subject who smoked an unspecified number of National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) placebo marijuana cigarettes each day developed a contact  and excreted cannabinoids in his urine in levels as high as 260 ng/mL after 14 days of continuous daily exposure to marijuana smoke. He was confined in a locked ward with five subjects that smoked NIDA marijuana cigarettes heavily every day. This study was not designed to investigate the passive inhalation of marijuana smoke and, as a consequence, has many experimental flaws that compromise its scientific validity, eg: Why was only one control subject used? Why was the control subject required to smoke placebo marijuana cigarettes? What control
New developments in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: A. Simonds
Journal: Thorax (2000)

Background.Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is widely used as treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea.However, to date there are no randomised controlled trials of this therapy against a well matched control.We undertook a randomised prospective parallel trial of therapeutic NCPAP for obstructive sleep apnoea compared with a control group on subtherapeutic NCPAP.Methods.Men with obstructive sleep apnoea, defined as an Epworth sleepiness score of 10 or more and ten or more dips per h of more than 4% Sao 2 caused by obstructive sleep apnoea on overnight sleep study, were randomly assigned therapeutic or subtherapeutic NCPAP (about 1 cm H 2 O) for 1 month.Primary outcomes were subjective sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness score), objective sleepiness (maintenance of wakefulness test), and SF-36 questionnaire measurements of self-reported functioning and well-being.Findings.107 men entered the study: 53 received subtherapeutic NCPAP and 54 therapeutic NCPAP.Use of NCPAP by the two treatment groups was similar: 5.4 h (therapeutic) and 4.6 h (subtherapeutic) per night.Subtherapeutic CPAP did not alter the overnight number of Sao 2 dips per h compared with baseline, and thus acted as a control.Therapeutic NCPAP was superior to subtherapeutic NCPAP in all primary outcome measures.The Epworth score decreased from a median of 15.5 to 7.0 on therapeutic NCPAP and from 15.0 to 13.0 on subtherapeutic nCPAP (between treatments, p<0.0001).Mean maintenance of wakefulness time increased from 22.5 to 32.9 min on therapeutic NCPAP and, not significantly, from 20.0 to 23.5 min on subtherapeutic NCPAP (between treatments, p<0.005).Effect sizes for SF-36 measures of energy and vitality were 1.68 (therapeutic) and 0.97 (subtherapeutic) NCPAP (between treatments, p<0.0001).For mental summary score the corresponding values were 1. 02 and 0.4 (between treatments, p=0.002).Interpretation.Therapeutic NCPAP reduces excessive daytime sleepiness and improves self-reported health status compared with a subtherapeutic control.Compared with controls, the effects of therapeutic NCPAP are large and confirm previous uncontrolled clinical observations and the results of controlled trials that used an oral placebo.(
Lymphocytic lymphoma recurring in multiple endobronchial sites.
Authors: D E Banks, R M Castellan, D J Hendrick
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Although malignant lymphoma frequently involves intrathoracic organs at some time during its course, endobronchial nodular lesions are extremely rare.We report a case of poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma in which relapse was characterised by multiple endobronchial nodules.This pattern of progression has been recorded only once previously in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Case reportA 64-year-old man was admitted to West Virginia University Hospital in July 1974 for evaluation of a left inguinal mass of three months' duration and a more recently enlarged right axillary mass.Biopsy at both sites showed diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma.IHe was subjectively well
Low prevalence of p53, p16<sup>INK4a</sup>and Ha-ras tumour-specific mutations in low-graded actinic keratosis
Authors: I. Nindl, M. Gottschling, N. Krawtchenko, M.D. Lehmann, J. Röwert-Huber, J. Eberle, E. Stockfleth, T. Forschner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Low prevalence of p53, p16INK4a and Ha‐ras tumour‐specific mutations in low‐graded actinic keratosis Get access I. Nindl, I. Nindl Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Correspondence: Ingo Nindl. E‐mail: ingo.nindl@charite.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Gottschling, M. Gottschling Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Krawtchenko, N. Krawtchenko Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.D. Lehmann, M.D. Lehmann Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Röwert‐Huber, J. Röwert‐Huber Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Eberle, J. Eberle Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Stockfleth, E. Stockfleth Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Forschner T. Forschner Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue s3, 1 May 2007, Pages 34–39, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07857.x Published: 01 May 2007
Amended recombinant cells (ARCs™): An economical and surprisingly effective production and delivery vehicle for recombinant bovine IFN-γ
Authors: Frank H. Gaertner, Lorne A. Babiuk, Elaine A. Van Moorlehem, Terry K. Beskorwayne, Stacey L. Lee, Robert W. Shutter, Janna M. Armstrong, Philip J. Griebel
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
Communication Conference Attracts 650
Authors: J. Guest
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Communication Conference Attracts 650 Get access Joyce Guest Joyce Guest Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 4, 21 February 1990, Page 259, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.4.259-a Published: 21 February 1990
CAN THE SURTAVI MODEL FACILITATE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION: TIME TO RETHINK
Authors: I.H. Hashmi, Salim Hammad, Rajnikanth Rajagopal, Jurek Wojciuk, Shaun Rogers, Joanne Finnie, Ranjit More, Augustine Tang, Franco Sogliani, David Roberts
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Bush proposes plan to expand health insurance coverage
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

In his state of the union address last week President George Bush proposed changes to the tax laws that would, he said, let more people buy individual health insurance policies. This would help to insure the 47 million Americans who now lack coverage, he said. 

The president also proposed redirecting Medicaid funds away from hospitals that provide free care to uninsured patients to subsidies to help poor people buy health insurance. Big city hospitals that treat uninsured patients said that this proposal would result in their suffering financial cuts of $30bn (£15bn; €23bn), which would particularly affect their emergency and outpatient departments. 

Critics said that the tax changes would benefit richer people, while poorer people would still not be able to afford health insurance. Furthermore, the proposed changes would undermine the existing system of health insurance through employers. 

The …
Linear Growth as a Function of Age at Onset of Puberty and Sex Steroid Dosage: Therapeutic Implications*
Authors: JEAN-PIERRE BOURGUIGNON
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1988)

PUBERTY plays a dual role in growth: height velocity is markedly accelerated while the rate of skeletal maturation is also increased with resultant fusion of epiphyseal cartilages. Thus, puberty can be considered as a growth-promoting event as well as the final height-limiting process. This concept is illustrated by early exposure to sex steroids such as occurs in central precocious puberty or congenital adrenal hyperplasia. These conditions accelerate growth but result in short adult height (1–6). The basic question addressed in this paper is how hormonal changes at puberty and the age of their occurrence influence growth rate and adult height. This query has practical implications including timing and dosage of sex steroid replacement therapy in hypogonadal patients and the use of GnRH agonist therapy in patients with precocious puberty or short stature. These issues may have profound social import since numerous (mostly uncharted) psychological aspects of adolescence may be related to stature and the timing of sexual development.
Angiopoietin-1 inhibits toll-like receptor 4 signalling in cultured endothelial cells: role of miR-146b-5p
Authors: Raquel Echavarria, Dominique Mayaki, Jean-Charles Neel, Sharon Harel, Veronica Sanchez, Sabah N.A. Hussain
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induce innate immune inflammatory responses in endothelial cells by activating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling. Here, we investigate the effects of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) on LPS-induced TLR4 signalling and the role of the miR-146 family of micro RNAs in the effects of Ang-1 on TRL4 signalling.Leucocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was detected using fluorescence microscopy. Adhesion molecule, pro-inflammatory cytokine, miR-146a, and miR-146b-5p expressions in HUVECs were quantified using real-time PCR. TLR4 signalling protein levels were measured using immunoblotting. Exposure of HUVECs to LPS for 4-6 h induces robust inflammatory responses, including enhanced leucocyte adhesion, up-regulation of adhesion molecule expression (VCAM1, ICAM1, E-SELECTIN), enhanced cytokine production (TNFα, IL1β, IL6, and IL8), and increased NFκB luciferase reporter activity. Addition of Ang-1 to the culture medium for 24 h prior to LPS exposure significantly attenuates these responses. Prolonged Ang-1 exposure significantly decreases IRAK1 and TRAF6 protein levels but has no effect on TLR4, MYD88, IRAK4, or TAK1 expressions. Ang-1 triggers significant up-regulation of miR-146b-5p levels but has no effect on miR-146a or miR-146b-3p expressions. Transfection of HUVECs with a miR-146b-5p mimic significantly attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory responses and IRAK1 and TRAF6 expressions. In HUVECs transfected with a miR-146b-5p inhibitor, Ang-1 has no effect on LPS-induced inflammatory responses or IRAK1 and TRAF6 expressions.Ang-1 disrupts TLR4 signalling, resulting in inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells. This inhibition occurs through selective targeting of IRAK1 and TRAF6 proteins by miR-146b-5p.
Anglo-American Medical Association of Berlin Employs Permanent Secretary
Authors: H. O. Bruggeman
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> For the benefit of those who wish to do medical work in Berlin, the Anglo-American Medical Association has employed a permanent secretary who, on request, will furnish information concerning the medical courses obtainable here, the approximate cost, etc. Letters should be addressed to the secretary of the Anglo-American Medical Association, 105 B Friedrichstrasse, Berlin, Germany.
Immunosuppression for Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: John B. O'Connell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy is made when left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction, with normal wall thickness, occur in the absence of coronary artery, valvular, or pericardial disease.1 The right ventricle is also often involved. The natural history of the disease varies from a course progressing to death within 2 years in 50 percent of afflicted patients2 to survival for more than 10 years in 25 percent. The incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy is increasing; at least 11,000 new cases are diagnosed each year in the United States. The traditional approach to therapy includes cardiac glycosides and diuretics. Although increased . . .
Researchers Focus on Contrast Safety
Authors: Huan J. Chang
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Intrahypothalamic and Intraventricular Norepinephrine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine on Hypothalamic Blood Flow in the Conscious Rabbit
Authors: CLIVE ROSENDORFF, WILLIAM I. CRANSTON
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Hypothalamic blood flow (HBF) was measured in the conscious rabbit using a 133 xenon clearance technique. The effects of intrahypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were determined by adding these compounds to the 133 xenon-in-saline injectate, in varying concentrations. NE produced dose-dependent changes in flow; 1 µg/m injection caused a mean increase in HBF of 55%, while doses of 10, 20, 40 and 200 µg/injection reduced HBF by mean values of 26%, 17%, 20% and 29% respectively. The constrictor effect of NE 40 µg/injection was prevented by the addition of phenoxybenzamine 50 µg/injection. Intrahypothalamic injections of 5-HT (20, 40 and 80 µg/injection) caused increases in mean HBF of 24%, 54% and 69% respectively. Injections of NE into the lateral cerebral ventricles caused an increase in HBF; 5-HT produced a variable response, but mean values for HBF tended to be lower after the injection. There were no changes in mean arterial blood pressure or arterial Pco 2 . It is concluded that NE and 5- HT have an action on hypothalamic resistance vessels when applied from the adventitial side, and that, in the case of NE, the response is dose dependent, and the vasoconstrictor effects may be mediated by alpha receptors in hypothalamic vessels.
Abstract 2460: Epstein-Barr virus infection confer stress-resistant property in immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells
Authors: George Sai-Wah Tsao, CM Tsang, GT Zhang, Wen Deng, PM Hau, CM Man, Takada Kenzo, HL Chen, YL Yip, KW Lo, Ya Cao, LM Cheung
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been postulated to be an early event involved in the pathogenesis of NPC. The lack of representative premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cell system for EBV infection has hampered research investigation into the regulation and involvement of EBV infection in NPC pathogenesis. We have compared the efficiency of EBV infection in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells with different biological properties including immortalized, primary and cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. EBV infection could be achieved in all the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells examined with variable infection rate. TGF-β effectively enhanced EBV infection into nasopharyngeal epithelial cells both in the immortalized and primary nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Stable infection of EBV was achieved in a telomerase-immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line, NP460hTert. The expression pattern of EBV-encoded genes and biological properties of this EBV infected cell line upon long term propagation were monitored. The EBV-infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cells acquired anchorage independent growth in soft-agar and exhibited invasive growth properties upon prolonged propagation. A distinguish feature of this EBV-infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cell model was its enhanced ability to survive under growth factor and nutrient starvation. This was evidenced by the suppressed activation of apoptotic markers and sustained activation of pAkt of EBV-infected cells compared to control cells under nutrient starvation. Examination of cytokine profiles of EBV-infected NP460hTert cells to nutrient and growth factor deprivation revealed upregulation expression of MCP-1 and GRO-α. The establishment of a stable EBV infection model of premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells will facilitate research investigation into the pathogenic role of EBV in NPC development. Acknowlegement: The authors wish to acknowlege the funding support from the Research Grant Council (Hong Kong) and the Area of Excellence on Nasopharyangeal Carcinoma Research Center (Hong Kong). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2460.
Paying for nicotine replacement therapy is cheaper than smoking =&lt;20 cigarettes a day
Authors: R. Bunney
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> colonises the stomach in half of all humans, and is the principal cause of gastric cancer, the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. While gastric cancer rates correlate with <i>H pylori</i> prevalence in some areas, there are regions where infection is nearly universal, but rates of gastric cancer are low. In the case of Colombia, there is a 25-fold increase in gastric cancer rate in the Andean mountain (high risk) region compared to the coastal (low risk) region, despite similarly high (∼90%) prevalence of <i>H pylori</i> in the two locations. Our aim was to investigate the ancestral origin of <i>H pylori</i> strains isolated from subjects in these high- and low-risk regions and to determine whether this is a predictive determinant of precancerous lesions. <h3>Methods</h3> Multi-locus sequence typing was used to investigate phylogeographic origins of infecting <i>H pylori</i> strains isolated from subjects in the Pacific coast and Andes Mountains in the state of Nariño, Colombia. We analysed 64 subjects infected with <i>cagA<sup>+</sup> vacA</i> s1m1 strains. Gastric biopsy slides from each individual were scored for histological lesions and evaluated for DNA damage by immunohistochemistry. <h3>Results</h3> We show that strains from the high-risk region were all of European phylogeographic origin, whereas those from the low risk region were of either European (34%) or African origin (66%). European strain origin was strongly predictive of increased premalignant histological lesions and epithelial DNA damage, even in the low-risk region; African strain origin was associated with reduced severity of these parameters. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The phylogeographic origin of <i>H pylori</i> strains provides an explanation for geographic differences in cancer risk deriving from this infection.
Sensitivity of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication to antiviral drugs. Implications for potential therapy.
Authors: D H Kedes, D Ganem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Using a cell line (termed BCBL-1) derived from a peripheral effusion (body cavity-based) lymphoma latently infected with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), we recently reported the successful induction of KSHV replication in culture (Renne, R., W. Zhong, B. Herndier, M. McGrath, N. Abbey, D. Kedes, and D. Ganem. 1996. Nat. Med. 2:342-346). Here we report the first use of this system for establishing the susceptibility of KSHV to available antiviral drugs. Latently infected BCBL-1 cells were induced to lytic replication with phorbol esters; such cells secrete large numbers of KSHV virions into the culture medium. We assayed the ability of the antivirals to block KSHV production, as measured by the release of encapsidated viral DNA. The results show that KSHV replication is insensitive to acyclovir (9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)-methyl]guanine) (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 60-80 microM), but sensitive to ganciclovir (9-[1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl]guanine) (IC50 = 2.7-4 microM), foscarnet (trisodium phosphonoformate hexahydrate) (IC50 = 80-100 microM), and cidofovir (1-[(S)-3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine) (IC50 = 0.5-1 microM).
Commission on funding long term care will consider compulsory payment
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The government commission on funding long term care for older people will be free to consider the option of a compulsory payment despite this being rejected by the Conservatives before the election, a Department of Health spokesperson has confirmed.

The news came as health secretary Andrew Lansley announced that Oxford economist and former head of the Institute for Fiscal Studies Andrew Dilnot is to chair the government’s commission, which was announced last week ( BMJ 2010;341:c3901, doi:10.1136/bmj.c3901).

The controversial “death tax” option—as it was dubbed by Conservative MPs in the lead up to the election—was not initially mentioned as an option by Mr Lansley in his statement announcing the members and remit of the commission on 20 July.

Instead he …