tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sentinel Node Biopsy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Biopsy-Proven Node-Positive Breast Cancer: The SN FNAC Study
Authors: Jean-Francois Boileau, Brigitte Poirier, Mark Basik, Claire M.B. Holloway, Louis Gaboury, Lucas Sideris, Sarkis Meterissian, Angel Arnaout, Muriel Brackstone, David R. McCready, Stephen E. Karp, Isabelle Trop, Andre Lisbona, Frances C. Wright, Rami J. Younan, Louise Provencher, Erica Patocskai, Atilla Omeroglu, Andre Robidoux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose An increasing proportion of patients (&gt; 30%) with node-positive breast cancer will obtain an axillary pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). If sentinel node (SN) biopsy (SNB) is accurate in this setting, completion node dissection (CND) morbidity could be avoided. Patients and Methods In the prospective multicentric SN FNAC study, patients with biopsy-proven node-positive breast cancer (T0-3, N1-2) underwent both SNB and CND. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) use was mandatory, and SN metastases of any size, including isolated tumor cells (ypN0[i+], ≤ 0.2 mm), were considered positive. The optimal SNB identification rate (IR) ≥ 90% and false-negative rate (FNR) ≤ 10% were predetermined. Results From March 2009 to December 2012, 153 patients were accrued to the study. The SNB IR was 87.6% (127 of 145; 95% CI, 82.2% to 93.0%), and the FNR was 8.4% (seven of 83; 95% CI, 2.4% to 14.4%). If SN ypN0(i+)s had been considered negative, the FNR would have increased to 13.3% (11 of 83; 95% CI, 6.0% to 20.6%). There was no correlation between size of SN metastases and rate of positive non-SNs. Using this method, 30.3% of patients could potentially avoid CND. Conclusion In biopsy-proven node-positive breast cancer after NAC, a low SNB FNR (8.4%) can be achieved with mandatory use of IHC. SN metastases of any size should be considered positive. The SNB IR was 87.6%, and in the presence of a technical failure, axillary node dissection should be performed. We recommend that SN evaluation with IHC be further evaluated before being included in future guidelines on the use of SNB after NAC in this setting.
Record number of infants immunised but 24 million in poor nations not being reached, says report
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Global immunisation levels of infants are now at their highest ever, a record 106 million in 2008, averting an estimated 2.5 million child deaths a year. However, vaccines still do not reach millions of children in poor developing nations, says a report by the World Health Organization, Unicef, and the World Bank.

“We must overcome the divide that separates rich from poor—between those who get life saving vaccines and those who don’t,” said Margaret Chan, WHO’s director general.

An estimated 24 million children, or almost 20% of children born every year, “do not get the complete immunisations scheduled for the first year of life,” concludes the report. 

But it estimates that an additional $1bn (£600m; €700m) a year will be needed to ensure new and existing vaccines will be delivered …
Comorbidity of rosacea and depression: an analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey-Outpatient Department data collected by the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics from 1995 to 2002
Authors: M.A. Gupta, A.K. Gupta, S.J. Chen, A.M. Johnson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Psychogenic factors have been considered to be important in the exacerbation and possibly the onset of rosacea. However, there are very few studies that have reported conclusive findings.To examine the association between rosacea and major depressive disease, a common and usually treatable psychiatric disorder.Data from 1995 to 2002, collected by the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the outpatient component of the National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey, which are both nationally representative surveys of healthcare visits in the U.S.A., were studied. The basic sampling unit in both surveys is the patient visit or encounter. A "Rosacea" variable was created by grouping all rosacea (ICD-9-CM code 695.3) visits and a "Depression" variable was created by grouping the patient visits related to major depressive disorder (ICD-9-CM codes 296.2, 296.3 and 311). As alcohol abuse has been implicated in rosacea, and alcohol can confound symptoms of depression, an "Alcohol" variable was created by grouping all ICD-9-CM codes related to alcohol dependence and abuse (codes 303, 303.0, 303.9 and 305.0). All analyses were conducted using the Complex Samples module of SPSS version 13, to account for the multistage probability sampling design used to collect the data.The weighted data were representative of over 608 million dermatology visits between 1995 and 2002. Logistic regression analysis using "Rosacea" as the dependent variable and age, sex, "Alcohol" and "Depression" as independent variables revealed that the odds ratio for depressive disease in the rosacea group was 4.81 (95% confidence interval 1.39-16.62). The association between "Alcohol" and "Rosacea" was not significant.The comorbidity between major depressive disease and rosacea may have important clinical implications. Alcohol abuse does not appear to play a significant role in this association.
Efficacy and Safety of Repeated Intravenous Doses of Ibutilide for Rapid Conversion of Atrial Flutter or Fibrillation
Authors: Bruce S. Stambler, Mark A. Wood, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, Kimberly T. Perry, Linda K. Wakefield, James T. VanderLugt
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Currently available antiarrhythmic drugs have limited efficacy for acute termination of atrial fibrillation and flutter, especially if the arrhythmia is not of recent onset. The purpose of this multicenter study was to determine the efficacy and safety of repeated doses of intravenous ibutilide, a class III antiarrhythmic drug, in terminating atrial fibrillation or flutter. Methods and Results Two hundred sixty-six patients with sustained atrial fibrillation (n=133) or flutter (n=133), with an arrhythmia duration of 3 hours to 45 days, were randomized to receive up to two 10-minute infusions, separated by 10 minutes, of ibutilide (1.0 and 0.5 mg or 1.0 and 1.0 mg) or placebo. The conversion rate was 47% after ibutilide and 2% after placebo ( P &lt;.0001). The two ibutilide dosing regimens did not differ in conversion efficacy (44% versus 49%). Efficacy was higher in atrial flutter than fibrillation (63% versus 31%, P &lt;.0001). In atrial fibrillation but not flutter, conversion rates were higher in patients with a shorter arrhythmia duration or a normal left atrial size. Arrhythmia termination occurred a mean of 27 minutes after start of the infusion. Of 180 ibutilide-treated patients, 15 (8.3%) developed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia during or soon after the infusion. The arrhythmia required cardioversion in 3 patients (1.7%) and was nonsustained in 12 patients (6.7%). Conclusions Intravenous ibutilide given in repeated doses is effective in rapidly terminating atrial fibrillation and flutter and under monitored conditions is an alternative to current cardioversion options.
Abstract 3497: Benzyl isothiocyanate potentiates the in vivo anti-tumor effects of gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer by targeting NF-kB and STAT3
Authors: Srinivas Reddy Boreddy, Sanjay K. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The persistent activation of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) contributes to gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We have previously shown that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) down-regulates the activation of both NF-kB and STAT3 in pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro. In the present study we investigated whether the inhibition of these molecules by BITC could enhance gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in culture and antitumor activity of gemcitabine in vivo. Our results show that pretreatment of cells with BITC (2.5 µM) for 24 hours followed by gemcitabine (5 nM) for 72 h resulted in enhanced apoptosis in BxPC-3 and PanC-1 pancreatic cancer cells as compared with either agent alone. The IC50 of BITC and gemcitabine is 10 µM and 25 nM, respectively. Furthermore, phosphorylation (activation) of STAT3 at Tyr-705 &amp; Ser-727 and NF-KB (Ser-536), which were increased by gemcitabine treatment, were significantly reduced in the combination treatment in BxPC-3 and PanC-1 cells. Interestingly, gemcitabine resistant BxPC-3 (BxPC-3-GR, IC50: 11µM) cells were equally sensitive (p&amp;lt;0.05) to BITC induced apoptosis as compared to BxPC-3 wild type cells (IC50: 10 µM). In addition, gemcitabine-induced DNA binding activity of NF-kB and STAT3 was significantly reduced in BxPC-3, BxPC-3-GR and PanC-1 cells as measured by EMSA and transcriptional activity. Furthermore, our in vivo results show that BITC (10 µmol; daily, oral) in combination with gemcitabine (40 mg/kg; i.p, every third day) was much more effective in suppressing tumor growth as compared with either agent alone in a BxPC-3 tumor xenograft model. Tumor volume (341 ± 20 vs 155 ± 9 mm3) and tumor weight (0.53 ± 0.01 vs 0.195 ± 0.006 g) were significantly reduced (54 % and 63 %, respectively) in BITC and gemcitabine combination treated mice as compared to control mice. Most importantly, our western blot and immunohistochemistry data shows that gemcitabine-induced activation of NF-KB (Ser-536) and STAT3 (Tyr-705) was completely inhibited in the tumors of mice treated with BITC and gemcitabine combination. These results provide strong evidence that inactivation of NF-KB and STAT3 signaling pathways by BITC could potentiate anti-tumor activity of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. [Supported in part by R01 grants CA106953 and CA129038 (to S.K.S) awarded by the National Cancer Institute]. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3497. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3497
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition protects rat livers from prolonged cold ischemia-warm reperfusion injury
Authors: Virginie Defamie, Marina Laurens, Damiano Patrono, Laurent Devel, Antoine Brault, Marie-Christine Saint-Paul, Athanasios Yiotakis, Pascal Barbry, Jean Gugenheim, Dominique Crenesse, Vincent Dive, Pierre-Michel Huet, Bernard Mari
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the hepatic injury induced after cold ischemia–warm reperfusion (CI-WR), by altering the extracellular matrix (ECM), but their precise role remains unknown. The hepatic MMP expression was evaluated after 2 conditions of CI (4°C for 24 and 42 hours: viable and nonviable livers) followed by different periods of WR, using isolated perfused rat livers. CI-WR induced moderate changes in hepatic MMP transcript levels not influenced by CI duration, whereas gelatinase activities accumulated in liver effluents. Therefore, the protective effect of a new phosphinic MMP inhibitor, RXP409, was tested after prolonged CI. RXP409 (10 μM) was added to the University of Wisconsin solution, and livers were preserved for 42 hours (4°C), then reperfused for 1 hour in Krebs solution (37°C), containing 20% erythrocytes. Liver viability parameters were recorded, and the extent of cell necrosis was evaluated on liver biopsies, using trypan blue nuclear uptake. Treatment with RXP409 significantly improved liver function (transaminase release and bile secretion) and liver injury. In particular, the MMP inhibitor significantly modified the extent of cell death from large clusters of necrotic hepatocytes as found in control livers (2%–60% of liver biopsies; mean, 26% ± 9%) to isolated necrotic hepatocytes as found in treated livers (0.2%–12%; mean, 3% ± 2%) ( P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: These data demonstrate that MMPs, by altering the ECM, play a major role in liver CI-WR injury leading to extensive hepatocyte necrosis and that their inhibition might prove to be a new strategy in improving preservation solutions. (Hepatology 2007.)
Resumption of Electrical Conduction in Previously Isolated Pulmonary Veins
Authors: Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar, Vance J. Plumb, Andrew E. Epstein, George D. Veenhuyzen, Dale Link, G. Neal Kay
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) may recur after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) as the result of either recurrent PV conduction or non-PV foci. This study characterized the electrophysiological findings of patients with recurrent AF after initially successful PVI and the clinical outcome after a repeat procedure.Among 185 patients undergoing PVI, 52 reported no significant improvement in their clinical course. We analyzed PV conduction in 51 PVs (15 patients) at repeat PVI. All PVs were isolated with either RF (30 W, 50 degrees C, 60 seconds) or cryoablation (-80 degrees C for 5 minutes). At repeat study, 42 of the previously isolated 51 PVs had return of conduction. All patients had recurrent conduction in > or =2 PVs, with only 1 non-PV focus identified. The mean number of RF applications required to re-isolate the PVs was fewer at the repeat compared with the initial procedure (10+/-6 versus 4+/-2, P<0.005). Over a period of 15+/-6 months, all but 1 patient was clinically improved by the second procedure.In patients with recurrent AF after PVI, return of PV conduction can be expected. Repeat PVI provides significant clinical benefit for these patients. These results suggest that if permanent PV isolation is the ablation strategy, different techniques may be required to improve long-term efficacy.
392. Duration of Expression of the Sleeping Beauty Transposase Gene in Mouse Liver Following Hydrodynamic Delivery
Authors: Jason B. Bell, Elena L. Aronovich, Brenda L. Koniar, Jeffrey M. Schreifels, Ann M. Clifford, Nathan D. Hoekstra, Perry B. Hackett
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system can direct the integration of precise DNA sequences into human and mouse genomes. The SB vector system has two components: 1) a transposon containing a genetic cargo and 2) the catalytic transposase enzyme that mediates the cut-and-paste reaction from a plasmid into a vertebrate chromosome. In most cases, the source of SB transposase has been a gene that can integrate into chromosomes via illegitimate recombination. There is a concern that random integration and extended expression of a transposase gene might lead to remobilization of inserted transposons in the same genomes. Consequently, we have examined the relative levels of SB transposon genes and the duration of expression of SB transposase when delivered via plasmids to cells in livers of mice. The SB11 transposase gene, under direction of a ubiquitin (Ub) promoter was expressed from either of two cis plasmids, pT2/mCAGGS-Luc//Ub-SB11 or pT2/mCAGGS-IDUA//Ub-SB11, which express luciferase (Luc) and α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), respectively, under direction of an mCAGGS promoter. The lysosomal enzyme, IDUA, escapes from cells whereas Luc is confined to the cytoplasm. Consequently, they may elicit different immunological responses that could affect duration of expression of SB11. We used hydrodynamic, tail-vein injection to deliver these constructs to the livers of WT C57Bl/6 mice. The injections were evaluated 24-hr post injection for expression of Luc using the Xenogen™ imaging system to evaluate efficiency of gene delivery. Mice were re-imaged and euthanized at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 17 days and 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24 weeks. Expression of SB transposase was measured by western blotting over several weeks using anti-SB monoclonal antibodies, by RT-PCR, excision-PCR and, for finer resolution, by immunohistochemical staining for SB11 using a monoclonal antibody. The presence of the SB11 and either Luc or IDUA was measured by QPCR. Our results indicate that we lose detectable SB transposase protein expression within the first few weeks. We also saw, using PCR, loss of DNA and RNA in the IDUA-injected mice, which suggested an immunological response was eliminating transgenic liver cells (see Aronovich et al. abstract). We conclude that long-term residual SB transposase activity in livers of mice is below minimal detection and, accordingly, that delivery of the gene for the transposase does not represent a measurable risk. Supported by NIH (PO1-HD32652), the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation, and a fellowship grant from the National MPS Society, USA (ELA).
WHAT CAN WE DO FOR THE CHRONIC INVALID?—A PLEA.
Authors: CURRAN POPE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

A chronic invalid is one who has passed through the acute stages of a disease, and failing of cure, re- mains in this state, or gradually growing worse, becomes partially or completely incapacitated for labor or the duties of life.In no sense of the word can chronic disease be distorted into meaning incurable disease, for a very large percentage are capable of entire re-
Book: Generations at Risk: Reproductive Health and the Environment
Authors: D. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Ted Schettler, Gina Solomon, Maria Valenti, Annette Huddle MIT Press, £20.95, pp 430 ISBN 0 262 19413 9 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Children are among the most sensitive populations to environmental health hazards. Their routine exposure to toxic chemicals in homes and communities can put them at risk of health problems. Central to the ability to protect our communities and families is exercising our right to know about toxic hazards. For many, the only source of environmental information is media reports, which often leave the public feeling … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Immune Globulin for Intravenous Infusion
Authors: RALPH H. ROUSELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1982Immune Globulin for Intravenous InfusionRALPH H. ROUSELL, M.D.RALPH H. ROUSELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-1-124_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the "Brief Reports" section of the July 1980 issue Berger and associate (1) reported the use of a portable syringe pump to deliver a slow subcutaneous injection of immune serum globulin at frequent intervals to maintain a satisfactory serum IgG level with little or no interference with patient activities. They suggested that patient compliance may be improved with subcutaneous infusion compared with painful intramuscular administration. Moveover, it seemed possible to deliver a larger dose by the subcutaneous than by the intramuscular route.Very recently the Bureau of Biologics has issued a product license approval for the...References1. BERGERCUPPSFAUCI MTA. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy by slow subcutaneous infusion. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:55-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SCHROEDERTANKERSLEYLUNDBLAD DDJ. A new preparation of modified immune serum globulin (human) suitable for intravenous administration: I. Standardization of the reduction and alkylation reaction; II. Functional characterizations. Vox Sang. 1981;40:373-82, 383-94. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ALVINGFINLAYSON BJ, eds. Immunoglobulins: Characteristics and Uses of Intravenous Preparations. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office; 1980. (DHHS Publication No. (FDA)-80-9005). Google Scholar4. OCHSBUCKLEYPIROFSKY HRB. Safety and patient acceptability of intravenous immune globulin in 10% maltose. Lancet. 1980;2:1158-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MEASEOCHSWEDGWOOD PHR. Successful treatment of echovirus meningoencephalitis and myositis-fasciitis with intravenous immune globulin therapy in a patient with x-linked agammaglobulinemia. N Engl J Med. 1981;304:1278-81. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1982Volume 96, Issue 1Page: 124-125KeywordsBiologicsGlobulinsImmune serumImmune serum globulinSubcutaneous injections Issue Published: 1 January 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Systemic Mastocytosis and Pulmonary Eosinophilic Granuloma
Authors: H. W. Wyre
Journal: JAMA (1978)

DURING the clinical examination of a patient with urticaria pigmentosa for systemic mast cell disease, findings of a chest roentgenogram were abnormal. This condition was subsequently diagnosed to be eosinophilic granuloma. The patient had systemic mastocytosis and eosinophilic granuloma of the lung, a combination that to our knowledge has not been previously reported. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 22-year-old woman was initially examined in the Dermatology Clinic at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Md, on July 25, 1974. The main complaint was of pruritic lesions on her chest and abdomen. These lesions were first noted at the age of 17 years and have increased in number. The patient also complained of headaches, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, and dyspnea. These symptoms frequently occurred during a hot shower or shortly after the ingestion of alcoholic beverages or aspirin. The lesions would also urticate with these stimuli. There was no history
Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression as Precursors to Hypertension
Authors: Joel E. Dimsdale
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Physicians have long known that depression casts an enormous shadow on functioning. The resultant anguish for the patient and family is massive, the cost of depression in terms of productivity is high,<sup>1</sup>and the risk for suicide is ever present. More recently, we have become aware that there are other serious consequences of depression as well. A number of well-designed studies have demonstrated that depressed patients have a poorer prognosis from diverse illnesses such as stroke and myocardial infarction.<sup>2-4</sup>The problem with such studies is that one always wonders which came first: is the depression a prodrome to other illness or is it that patients with more severe illness are also more depressed? See also the January/February 1997 issue of Archives of Family Medicine. One way of disentangling this problem is to study a large enough population so one can statistically control for the likely confounders of a
Assessment of pericardial constraint: The relation between right ventricular filling pressure and pericardial pressure measured after pericardiocentesis
Authors: Otto A. Smiseth, Michael A. Frais, Iris Kingma, Alan V.M. White, Merril L. Knudtson, James M. Cohen, Dante E. Manyari, Eldon R. Smith, John V. Tyberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTION WITH A VIRULENT (CG 179) AND AN AVIRULENT (B) STRAIN OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN THE CHICKEN
Authors: David T. Karzon, Frederik B. Bang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

The comparative growth rates of a virulent (CG 179) and an avirulent (B) strain of NDV in the chicken were analyzed. Following intramuscular inoculation, the CG 179 and B strains both increased at the same rate in the extraneural tissues, i.e. the blood, lung, rectum, and spleen, but the CG 179 strain showed an accelerated growth rate in the brain. The CG 179 strain also multiplied more rapidly in the brain than the B strain following intracerebral administration of minimal inocula. Recovery with the B strain was associated with a decline in virus titer, first in the circulating blood, then in the visceral organs, and lastly in the central nervous system. Certain neuropathological observations were correlated with the pattern of virus growth.