tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Authors' reply to Grant and Garland and to Bolland and colleagues
Authors: R. Chowdhury, O. H. Franco
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Lymphocytes can heavily influence intestinal health, but resolving intestinal lymphocyte function is challenging as the intestine contains a vastly heterogeneous mixture of cells. Pigs are an advantageous biomedical model, but deeper understanding of intestinal lymphocytes is warranted to improve model utility. Twenty-six cell types were identified in the porcine ileum by single-cell RNA sequencing and further compared with cells in human and murine ileum. Though general consensus of cell subsets across species was revealed, some porcine-specific lymphocyte subsets were identified. Differential tissue dissection and in situ analyses conferred spatial context, revealing similar locations of lymphocyte subsets in Peyer’s patches and epithelium in pig-to-human comparisons. Like humans, activated and effector lymphocytes were abundant in the ileum but not periphery of pigs, suggesting tissue-specific and/or activation-associated gene expression. Gene signatures for peripheral and ileal innate lymphoid cells newly discovered in pigs were defined and highlighted similarities to human innate lymphoid cells. Overall, we reveal novel lymphocyte subsets in pigs and highlight utility of pigs for intestinal research applications.
Management of Sepsis
Authors: Derek C. Angus
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Severe sepsis is the term used to describe the host response to infection when complicated by acute organ dysfunction. Severe sepsis occurs in more than 750,000 individuals in the United States each year, with a hospital mortality of about 30%. Although the classic presentation is of florid shock with frank hypotension, fever, and elevated white blood cell count, many patients can present with cryptogenic shock (shock without hypotension) with more subtle signs of vital organ compromise. Using the case of Ms C, a 47-year-old woman with short gut syndrome and an indwelling intravenous catheter who developed an episode of severe sepsis secondary to a central line infection, treatment of sepsis is discussed. Management consists of prompt intervention with broad-spectrum antibiotics and fluid resuscitation, even in the absence of hypotension, and institution of a variety of strategies in the emergency setting to prevent development or worsening of vital organ dysfunction. Although advances in understanding the host immune response have fueled considerable interest in immunomodulatory therapy, the role of such agents in clinical practice remains limited and controversial.
Healthwatch must prove its worth to survive in testing times
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An independent “consumer watchdog” for adults’ and children’s health and social care services has now been set up in each of the 152 local authorities across England, in time for the 1 April deadline, the Local Government Association has told the BMJ .

Under the terms of the Health and Social Care Act 2012 it is a statutory requirement from 1 April for local authorities to commission, fund, and performance manage the local Healthwatch bodies. They are the fourth reconfiguration in 12 years of bodies intended to represent the interests of local patients and the public.

Most will be run by voluntary groups and charities, but seven are being run with the private sector as social enterprises. All will be supported nationally by Healthwatch England.

The government has chipped in …
The association between rheumatoid arthritis and the HLA antigen DR4.
Authors: J T Gran, G Husby, E Thorsby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

An acute inflammatory arthritis has been induced in 76% of rats injected intradermally with native bovine type II collagen emulsified in Freund9s complete (CFA) or incomplete (ICFA) adjuvant. The arthritis became chronic in 14 out of 31 rats, and ear and tail lesions were noted in some rats. No arthritis was induced by native type I collagen, denatured type II collagen, rabbit IgG, or buffer alone injected intradermally with adjuvant. Using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for serum antibodies we have shown that IgM and IgG levels to native bovine type II collagen were significantly higher in arthritic than nonarthritic rats. Antiglobulin antibody levels were not raised in arthritic rats. Equivalent antibody levels to native type II collgen were obtained whether this antigen was emulsified in ICFA or CFA. However, native type I collagen produced high antibody levels only when emulsified in CFA, indicating a difference in the immunogenicity of these collagens. These studies suggest that native type II collagen possesses arthritogenic properties in the rat and that humoral immunity may play a role in the induction of this arthritis.
Cause of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with particular reference to azathioprine.
Authors: P Lewis, B.L Hazleman, R Hanka, S Roberts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Three hundred and eleven patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis were observed over an 11-year period. This group is of particular interest since 214 patients were given cytotoxic therapy, 203 were treated with azathioprine (52 of these also received chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide), and 11 were treated with cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil alone. Forty-six patients died. This is an excess mortality compared with the expected rate for the general population matched with respect to age and sex. The death rate was higher than expected in the age group 45-64 years but lower in those aged 75 years or over. There were more deaths from neoplasia and ischaemic heart disease in the younger age group. One patient died of lymphosarcoma; treatment had been with corticosteroids, gold, and chloroquine. No other tumours of the reticuloendothelial system were recorded, and no patient developed leukaemia.
Isolated Peripheral Pulmonary Artery Stenoses in the Adult
Authors: Jacqueline Kreutzer, Michael J. Landzberg, Tamar J. Preminger, Valerie S. Mandell, S. Ted Treves, Lynne M. Reid, James E. Lock
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Isolated peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (PPS) in the adult is rare and frequently unsuspected. We review in this article our experience with 12 adult patients with isolated PPS, half of whom had been previously diagnosed with chronic pulmonary thromboembolic disease. Methods and Results The presentation, evolution, and management of 12 adults with isolated PPS, 17 to 51 years of age (mean, 36.2±9.7 years), were evaluated. Presenting symptoms were dyspnea and fatigue. Three patients had New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or greater. Lung perfusion scans revealed multiple segmental abnormalities in flow distribution in all patients. Oxygen desaturation at rest was present in 4 patients. At catheterization, right ventricular (RV) pressure was suprasystemic in 2 patients, systemic in 1, and more than half-systemic in 7. All had multiple bilateral nonuniform stenoses in segmental and subsegmental arteries. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) to decrease RV hypertension and improve pulmonary flow distribution was performed in 11 patients. After BPA, vessel diameter increased &gt;50% in 10 patients, distal pulmonary artery pressure increased ≥30% in 6, and RV pressure decreased &gt;30% in 5. One patient died shortly after BPA as a result of pulmonary hemorrhage. Immediate procedural success was achieved in 9 of 11 patients. At a mean follow-up period of 52±32 months, 7 patients had sustained symptomatic improvement (NYHA class I-II). Conclusions We describe a severe syndrome of isolated PPS in the adult that mimics chronic pulmonary thromboembolic disease. Pulmonary hemodynamics and angiography are required for definitive diagnosis. BPA may offer these patients successful short-term reduction in RV hypertension and alleviation of symptomatology.
Carcinoma of the Submandibular Gland
Authors: K. D. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1953)

MBE H 323 lenta" (Schottmuiller, 1921) as a separate entity.This " low-grade" cholangitis is recorded in the enteric fevers and bacillary and amoebic dysenteries (Umber, 1929; Lyon, 1932), but many observers doubt its existence as an entity.Grant (1945) drew attention to the difficulty of ex- cluding calculi in the relatively inaccessible retroduodenal portion of the common bile duct.The frequent absence of jaundice in this group was attri- buted by Weiss (1944) to the essentially chronic nature of the infection: " owing to inflammatory changes the hepatic system of lymphatics-which would otherwise carry the bile into the general circulation-becomes impermeable and consequently jaundice fails to appear."Virulent infection is generally believed to depend on the factors of biliary stasis and diminished resistance of the duct epithelium.It would seem possible that in this instance a fulminating ascending infection occurred during the passage of a " silent " gall-stone.Closer examination of the bowel con- tents might have revealed such a stone in the process of evacuation.
By Whom and How Is the Quality of Research Data Collection Assured and Checked?
Authors: Richard Balon
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

Editorials| October 19 2005 By Whom and How Is the Quality of Research Data Collection Assured and Checked? Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology Richard Balon Richard Balon Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Mich., USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (2005) 74 (6): 331–335. https://doi.org/10.1159/000087779 Article history Published Online: October 19 2005 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Richard Balon; By Whom and How Is the Quality of Research Data Collection Assured and Checked?. Psychother Psychosom 1 October 2005; 74 (6): 331–335. https://doi.org/10.1159/000087779 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel2005Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Locomotor milestones and babywalkers: cross sectional study
Authors: M Garrett
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Few guidelines promoting good health in children are available. 1 Investigations into the development of standing and walking in infants who used babywalkers (wheeled seats that allow infants to move around with their feet on the floor) obtained conflicting results.Crouchman (64 infants) and Siegel and Burton (109 infants) found that the use of babywalkers was associated with delay in crawling. 2 3In contrast, no significant differences in achieving independent walking were seen by Crouchman or by Kauffmann and Ridenour (6 sets of twins) in infants who used babywalkers compared with non-users. 2 4Siegel and Burton, however, found that babywalker users achieve independent walking at a later age than non-users. 3 We compared the age at which infants who used babywalkers and those who did not reached locomotor developmental milestones.
Prospective Audit of the Introduction of Insulin Glargine (Lantus) Into Clinical Practice in Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Ian W. Gallen, Celia Carter
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Insulin glargine is a modified basal insulin analog that has been recently introduced, and following guidance from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), it is now widely available in the U.K. (1). Studies in type 1 diabetes demonstrate that compared with NPH insulin, fasting blood glucose and hypoglycemic episodes are reduced and patient satisfaction is improved (2–7). To confirm whether these reported benefits are also achieved in routine clinical practice, we conducted a prospective audit of patients attending our diabetes clinic practice transferring to insulin glargine.

There were …
Severe generalized primary herpes treated with cytarabine.
Authors: B E Juel-Jensen
Journal: BMJ (1970)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Introduction</h3> This scoping review will determine how online, randomised trials with children are conducted. The objectives of the review are: (a) to determine what methods and tools have been used to create and conduct online trials with children and (b) to identify the gaps in the knowledge in this field. Over the last decade, randomised trials employing online methods have gained momentum. Decentralised methods lend themselves to certain types of trials and can offer advantages over traditional trial methods, potentially increasing participant reach and diversity and decreasing research waste. However, decentralised trials that have all aspects of the trial exclusively online are not yet common, and those involving children even less so. This scoping review will describe and evaluate the methods used in these trials to understand how they may be effectively employed. <h3>Methods</h3> Methods are informed by guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews. The search strategy was developed in consultation with an information specialist for the following databases: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Embase. Grey literature searches will be completed with the consultation of experts in decentralised trials and digital health using internet searches and suitable trial registries. Once identified, included full-text studies’ references will be manually searched for any trials that may have been missed. We will include randomised and quasi-randomised trials conducted exclusively online with participants under the age of 18 published in English. We will not limit by country of conduct or date of publication. Data will be collected using a data charting tool and presented in text, graphical, and tabular formats. <h3>Ethics and Dissemination</h3> Ethical approval is not needed since all data sources used are publicly available. The review will be available as a preprint before publication in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal.
Deregulation of Aiolos expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with epigenetic modifications
Authors: Katy Billot, Jérémie Soeur, Fanny Chereau, Issam Arrouss, Hélène Merle-Béral, Meng-Er Huang, Dominique Mazier, Véronique Baud, Angelita Rebollo
Journal: Blood (2010)
C-X-C Motif Chemokine 13 (CXCL13) Is a Prognostic Biomarker of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Louis J. Vuga, John R. Tedrow, Kusum V. Pandit, Jiangning Tan, Daniel J. Kass, Jianmin Xue, Divay Chandra, Joseph K. Leader, Kevin F. Gibson, Naftali Kaminski, Frank C. Sciurba, Steven R. Duncan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) mediates B-cell trafficking and is increased, proportionately to disease activity, in many antibody-mediated syndromes. Dysregulated B cells have recently been implicated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) pathogenesis.To determine if CXCL13 is associated with IPF progression.CXCL13 was measured in lungs by DNA microarray and immunohistochemistry, and in plasma by ELISA.CXCL13 mRNA was threefold and eightfold greater in IPF lungs (n = 92) compared with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 191) and normal (n = 108) specimens, respectively (P < 0.0001). IPF lungs also showed increased CXCL13 staining. Plasma CXCL13 concentrations (pg/ml) were greater in 95 patients with IPF (94 ± 8) than in 128 subjects with COPD (53 ± 9) and 57 normal subjects (35 ± 3) (P < 0.0001). Circulating CXCL13 levels were highest in patients with IPF with pulmonary artery hypertension (P = 0.01) or acute exacerbations (P = 0.002). Six-month survival of patients with IPF in the highest quartile of plasma CXCL13 was 65 ± 10% versus 93 ± 10% in the others (hazard ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-16.9; P = 0.0008). CXCL13 increases by more than 50% in IPF serial assays, irrespective of initial values, also presaged respiratory failure (hazard ratio, 7.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-40.0; P = 0.008). In contrast, CXCL13 clinical associations in subjects with COPD were limited to modest correlations with FEV1 (P = 0.05) and progression of radiographic emphysema (P = 0.05).CXCL13 is increased and is a prognostic biomarker in patients with IPF, and more so than in patients with COPD. This contrast indicates CXCL13 overexpressions are intrinsic to IPF, rather than an epiphenomenon of lung injury. The present data implicate CXCL13 and B cells in IPF pathogenesis, and support considerations for trials of specific B-cell-targeted therapies in patients with this intractable disease.
Endoscopic Palliation of Malignant Dysphagia
Authors: R C Wong, J Van Dam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Figure 1. A 90-year-old woman presented with a three-month history of progressive dysphagia, postprandial vomiting, and weight loss. Barium contrast studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract showed an irregular narrowing in the midesophagus (Panel A, arrows). On the day upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed, the patient was unable to swallow her own saliva. Endoscopy showed a friable mass that almost totally obstructed the lumen of the midesophagus (Panel B, arrow). Biopsies disclosed invasive squamous-cell carcinoma. An expandable metallic esophageal endoprosthesis was endoscopically deployed (Panel C). A subsequent lateral chest x-ray film demonstrated a fully expanded endoprosthesis measuring 60 mm by . . .
Respiratory Viruses in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Melvin I. Marks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

There is little doubt that respiratory viruses contribute to the morbidity of patients with underlying pulmonary disease, such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. Indeed, the respiratory-virus season is often heralded by an increase in the frequency of asthmatic attacks and pulmonary exacerbations in patients with chronic bronchitis. Clinical experience with cystic fibrosis has recently prompted several investigations of the relation of viral respiratory infections to pulmonary exacerbations in these patients.In a study reported in the current issue of the Journal, Wang et al. prospectively surveyed 49 children and young adults with cystic fibrosis and 19 normal . . .
Responses to 2009 H1N1 Vaccine in Children 3 to 17 Years of Age
Authors: Adriano Arguedas, Carolina Soley, Kelly Lindert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

180 unselected patients with chronic-phase polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia.Among the five patients with IDH mutations, three harbored an IDH1 R132C substitution and two harbored a novel IDH2 R140Q mutation affecting a residue conserved in mouse, yeast, and plant homologues.In Patient 2, an IDH2 R140Q mutation was detected in erythroid colonies with a JAK2 mutation as well as in leukemic blasts (Fig. 1A), indicating that this alteration was acquired early during the progression to leukemia and is not responsible for the block in cellular differentiation that occurs in acute leukemia.Leukemic cells arising from myeloproliferative neoplasms with a JAK2 mutation are commonly JAK2 wild-type, 4 although the mechanism by which they become wild-type is unknown.Among the five samples of leukemia cells carrying an IDH mutation, three samples lacked the JAK2 mutation.In two of these three samples, an IDH mutation was present in leukemic blasts with wild-type JAK2 but absent from progenitor colonies with a JAK2 mutation (Fig. 1B), establishing the presence of two sepa-rate clonal expansions in each patient.In these cases, the separate JAK2-mutant and IDH-mutant clones may represent the shared progeny of an ancestral abnormal clone or the coexistence of two distinct disorders with independent origins.
Lymphangiography for Malignant Diseases in Children
Authors: Pelagio Iriarte, Kalum H. Jagasia, William G. Thurman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This study was undertaken to evaluate lymphangiography as an aid to the correct staging of lymphomas in children by demonstrating involvement of retroperitoneal nodes. Correct staging is necessary for adequate therapy. The effect of therapy can be assessed by taking repeated scout films of the abdomen because the media is retained for 30 days or longer so that changes in node size are apparent. Two of eight children developed high temperatures and tachypnea within 24 hours after the procedure; there was x-ray evidence of infiltration of opaque matter which cleared spontaneously without therapy. The procedure has been of definite value in cases of lymphomas, but of questionable value for solid tumors. It should not be used in children with extensive pulmonary disease.
Achilles Tendonitis Detected by FDG-PET
Authors: Steve S. Huang, Jian Q. Yu, Wichana Chamroonrat, Abass Alavi, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Increased metabolic activity in the region of the Achilles tendon is occasionally noted when the lower extremities are studied with PET scans. Although tendonitis has been a possible explanation for the uptake, corroborative evidence from other imaging modalities is usually absent. We report a case of abnormally increased FDG uptake in the Achilles tendon correlated with a diagnosis of tendonitis and MRI imaging abnormalities.
THE PYELOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL AND PARARENAL NEOPLASMS
Authors: DANIEL N. EISENDRATH
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Pyelography (and of course ureterography) are not employed to the extent they should be in the differential diagnosis of intraperitoneal from retroperitoneal tumors. The urologist and the radiographer have learned that certain changes in the pyelogram or the ureterogram or in both are almost routine observations in renal and ureteral as well as in immediately adjacent retroperitoneal neoplasms. The most typical of these alterations in the contour, location, etc., can be grouped thus: Spider, dragon, carnation like and similar distortions, as illustrated in figures 1, 2 and 3. Filling defects, as shown in figure 4. Displacements of the ureter either with or without accompanying changes in the pyelogram, as shown in figures 3 and 5. Those in which the pyelogram or ureterogram or both do not differ in appearance from those seen in congenital conditions (atony or stricture), in inflammatory dilatation, or in cases of nonmalignant obstruction of the ureter