tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High hepatitis E virus seroprevalence with absence of chronic infection in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Antonio Rivero-Juarez, Loreto Martinez-Dueñas, Antonio Martinez-Peinado, Angela Camacho, Celia Cifuentes, Ana Gordon, Mario Frias, Julian Torre-Cisneros, Juan A Pineda, Antonio Rivero
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Cyclic Sciatica of Endometriosis
Authors: John S. Forrest
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Two cases of cyclic sciatica were caused by endometriosis. Both patients gave histories of progressive sciatic pain aggravated at the onset of menses and lasting for several days following menses, but only one had palpable evidence of pelvic endometriosis. The "pocket sign" present in both of these cases appeared pathognomonic for the disease process. A complete menstrual history and its relation to sciatic pain in all premenopausal women is mandatory. The relative paucity of cases reported might not reflect the true incidence of this disease. The treatment of choice is considered bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
An Element of Pleasure
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Medicinal uses of zinc, which began centuries ago with the fumbling empiricism of local therapy for wounds and various skin lesions, is now entering an era of oral and parenteral therapy based on indications of specific deficiency in need of replenishment. Zinc has proved effective in acrodermatitis enteropathica of genetic origin<sup>1</sup>as well as in the acquired variant associated with prolonged intravenous alimentation.<sup>2</sup>Watery diarrhea and skin lesions characteristic of these zincdepleted states have responded well to replacement therapy as have the syndrome of growth retardation and hypogonadism reported from the Middle East<sup>3</sup>and in similar malfunctions complicating sickle cell disease.<sup>4</sup>Improvement with zinc has also been noted in refractory cases of celiac disease<sup>5</sup>and in children with protein-energy malnutrition whose zinc-deficient state is associated with thymic atrophy and susceptibility to infection.<sup>6</sup>True to its first love, the skin, zinc still maintains its precarious contact
Hydrophilic Polyurethane versus autologous femoral vein as substitutes in the femoral arteries of dogs: quantification of platelets and fibrin deposits
Authors: F.J. Teijeira, G. Lamoureux, J.-P. Tétreault, R. Bauset, R. Guidoin, Y. Marois, R. Paynter, F. Assayed
Journal: Biomaterials (1989)
The Cord-Blood-Bank Controversies
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Umbilical-cord blood is increasingly used as a source of stem cells to repopulate the bone marrow in the treatment of life-threatening diseases in children and adults (as discussed in this issue of the Journal by Laughlin et al., pages 2265–2275, Rocha et al., pages 2276–2285, and Sanz, pages 2328–2330). This scientific progress, however, has triggered a continuing debate about how to organize cord-blood banks and the role of public and private facilities.The blood that remains in the placenta after birth is readily available, can be collected at no risk to the mother or newborn, and may be stored frozen . . .
INFLUENCE OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS (PPIS) ON THE FORMATION OF INTRA-STENT THROMBUS IN JAPANESE PATIENTS RECEIVING CLOPIDOGREL WITH OR WITHOUT CYTOCHROME P450 2C19*2 POLYMORPHISM
Authors: Ryo Nisho, Toshiro Shinke, Junya Shite, Takahiro Sawada, Ryuji Toh, Yoko Haraguchi, Hiromasa Otake, Daisuke Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Kawamori, Masayuki Nakagawa, Ryoji Nagoshi, Amane Kozuki, Takumi Inoue, Hirotoshi Hariki, Yu Taniguchi, Noritoshi Hiranuma, Ken-ichi Hirata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Refusing Treatment in Mental Health Institutions: Values in Conflict
Authors: Arnold Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

It is commonplace to preface reviews of multiauthored conference proceedings with warnings of unevenness, repetition, and lack of coherence. This book is an exception. It is a conference report stemming from two recent federal decisions concerning the rights of psychiatric patients to refuse treatment. The participants range from patients to lawyers to psychiatrists to judges, and there is almost an excitement in following the flow of the argument. The controversy moves from incidents of patient abuse to involved legal tangles to philosophic disputes. The book proper consists of brief, impassioned position papers followed by discussions. The presentations are far from being standard scientific papers, and the authors come marvelously alive in the reading. The expatient who speaks of the anger at years of supposed mistreatment in psychiatric hospitals contrasts sharply with the judge who begins by saying that he is not infallible but quickly persuades us that he could be
Selective Inhibition of JAK2-Driven Erythroid Differentiation of Polycythemia Vera Progenitors
Authors: Ifat Geron, Annelie E. Abrahamsson, Charlene F. Barroga, Edward Kavalerchik, Jason Gotlib, John D. Hood, Jeffrey Durocher, Chi Ching Mak, Glenn Noronha, Richard M. Soll, Ayalew Tefferi, Ken Kaushansky, Catriona H.M. Jamieson
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)
Withdrawing Life Support in Canada and the United States-Reply
Authors: Deborah Cook
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Dr Whittaker for her thoughtful comments interpreting our study in the framework of the US health care system. There is no direct evidence about differences between United States and Canadian intensivists in decision making about the withholding and withdrawing of life support. In contrast to Whittaker, colleagues in the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group who have worked in both countries have found more similarities than differences in approach. At the same time, there are definite cultural issues that may affect the care that is delivered, including individualist vs socialist perspectives, financial incentives for health care providers, technological access, and the threat of litigation. By design, we focused on the attitudes and beliefs of ICU health care workers, in isolation of patient advance directives, family wishes, ability to pay, or other resource constraints. We agree that consideration of these issues would be important in any research program
Activation of lamina propria T cells induces crypt epithelial proliferation and goblet cell depletion in cultured human fetal colon.
Authors: C M Evans, A D Phillips, J A Walker-Smith, T T MacDonald
Journal: Gut (1992)

An organ culture model has been used to study the effects of T cell activation in the human colon. Lamina propria T cells in explant cultures of human fetal colon (11 to 23 weeks gestation) were activated in situ using pokeweed mitogen or an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, and compared with unstimulated controls. After three days of culture, there was a two to four-fold increase in crypt epithelial cell proliferation in T cell stimulated explants of more than 15 weeks gestation, associated with a fall in crypt goblet cell numbers of up to 20-fold. By three days, the surface epithelium of stimulated explants appeared thin with loss of goblet cells, and by day 7, severe and extensive mucosal damage was observed by light and electron microscopy. These changes did not occur in control cultures and explants deficient in T cells (less than 16 weeks gestation), and were inhibited by cyclosporin A. These experiments indicate that the increase in epithelial cell proliferation and accompanying goblet cell depletion observed in colorectal crypts in chronic inflammatory bowel disease may be mediated by activated T cells.
Mouse models of global airway allergy: what have we learned and what should we do next?
Authors: P. W. Hellings, J. L. Ceuppens
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Recent epidemiological and clinical data indicate that allergic rhinitis and asthma coexist and should be considered as one airway allergy syndrome. In spite of the importance of this new concept of global airway allergy, it has not fundamentally changed our daily diagnostic and therapeutic strategies so far because of the lack of essential clues to understand the correlation between allergic inflammation in upper and lower airways. Because of the resemblance of experimentally induced allergic airway inflammation in mice to inflamed airways of allergic patients, mouse models can enhance our insight into mechanisms underlying the global airway allergy syndrome. We here review data generated in mice that are relevant for understanding the development of airway allergy and provide new options for research on the so-called 'united airway disease'.
Continuous and intermittent exposure to the hypoxia of altitude: implications for glutamine metabolism and exercise performance
Authors: D M Bailey, L M Castell, E A Newsholme, B Davies
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Take home message 

The duration of exposure to environmental hypoxia during physical exercise is a potential mediator of immune function and athletic performance. Continuous hypoxic training resulted in overt immunodepression whereas intermittent hypoxic training increased physical exercise performance considerably. 

Although most elite athletes invest a considerable amount of time and resources training at altitude, the practical benefits gained remain to be clearly established despite almost half a century of investigation. Elucidating the potential factors that affect physical performance after return to sea level has been the subject of much interest and controversy.

The time spent exposed to the hypoxia of altitude would appear to be an important mediator of sea level performance. A combination of physical exercise and intermittent hypoxia (defined as an exposure time of 30 minutes to 12 hours a day) has been shown to accelerate the normal adaptations invoked by a comparable programme of normoxic training with cardioprotective and performance enhancing benefits.1 In contrast, increased free radical mediated oxidative stress,2 decreased cell mediated immunity,3 and increased incidence of infectious episodes4 have been reported in continuous hypoxia (defined as an exposure time of 24 hours a day). We have previously reported two cases of infectious mononucleosis following chronic exposure to 1500–2000 m.5

Glutamine has been identified as a conditionally essential amino acid required for lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage phagocytosis, and it has been suggested that any physiological decrease in plasma glutamine may impair the host's defence against opportunistic infections.6 In the light of these findings, …
Who needs health care—the well or the sick?
Authors: Iona Heath
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Current controversiesWho needs health care-the well or the sick? Iona HeathShifting drug spending from the worried well in developed countries to those with treatable disease in poorer nations will benefit the health of everyone Investment in health care, especially when it is driven by the interests of pharmaceutical companies, seems to produce a J curve.For most of the curve, the more money spent, the better the health outcomes, but after a certain point, the more spending and the more emphasis on health at the expense of other areas of human activity and achievement, the worse overall health becomes.Many poorer countries are trapped high on the long arm of the curve while richer countries seem intent on exploring the upper end of the short arm through the excessive self confidence of preventive medicine. 1 The emphasis on preventive care damages patients in rich countries by tipping them towards misery.This process is built on a foundation of fear and is fanned by economic and political pressures.
Histamine H3 Receptor Blockade Improves Cardiac Function in Canine Anaphylaxis
Authors: CARLA CHRUSCH, SATYENDRA SHARMA, HELMUT UNRUH, EDGAR BAUTISTA, KRIKA DUKE, ALLAN BECKER, WAYNE KEPRON, STEVEN N. MINK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

In anaphylactic shock (AS), the relative effects of the autacoids including histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes on causing cardiovascular collapse and the extent to which receptor blocking agents and pathway inhibitors may prevent this collapse are not clear. In a ragweed model of anaphylaxis, we examined whether pretreatment with H1, H2, H3 receptor blockers, and cyclooxygenase and leukotriene pathway inhibitors was useful in preventing the depression in left ventricular (LV) contractility known to occur in this model. The dose of allergen was varied to produce similar degrees of shock between treatments. The animals were studied under pentobarbital anesthesia in which the treatment studies were approximately 3 wk apart. LV volumes were measured by sonomicrometric techniques. During challenge, mean arterial blood pressure (Pa), cardiac output (Q˙), and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) decreased approximately 50% compared with preshock values in all treatments. Histamine H3 receptor blockade was associated with higher heart rates (HR) and higher stroke work (SW) (p < 0.05) as compared with the other treatment studies. We conclude that histamine H3 activation by inhibiting adrenergic neural norepinephrine release contributes to cardiovascular collapse in AS.
Corticoids in Osteoporosis
Authors: J. J. ROBBINS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 June 1971Corticoids in OsteoporosisJ. J. ROBBINS, M.D.J. J. ROBBINS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-6-1013 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I was very much interested by the editorial in the December ANNALS entitled "Osteoporosis and Corticoid Drugs," by Dr. Paul D. Saville. For some time it has been my feeling that osteoporosis attributed to corticoids may instead reflect the severity of the disease, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, for which these drugs are used. I should like to suggest several arguments and quotations from the literature to support Dr. Saville's thesis.1. Since steroids are generally employed only in more severely affected patients, Saville and Kharmosh's failure to demonstrate increased incidence of spinal fracture when these drugs are employed...References1. LAMARNEIL CG: Long-term dwarfing effects of corticosteroid treatment for childhood nephrosis. Arch Dis Child 43:589-594, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. STRESEMANNKROKOWSKI EE: Der Mineralisationsgrad der Wirbelsäule nach langfristiger Corticosteroidbehandlung des chronischen Bronchialasthmas. Klin Wschr 45:564-569, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. BLODGETTBURGINLEZZONI FLD: Effects of prolonged cortisone therapy on the statural growth, skeletal maturation and metabolic status of children. New Eng J Med 254: 636-641, 1956 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hayward, Calif. 94541 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByClinical Complications of Corticosteroid Therapy: A Selected Review 1 June 1971Volume 74, Issue 6Page: 1013-1014KeywordsDrugsEmotionsOsteoporosisRheumatoid arthritisSteroids Issue Published: 1 June 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Extensive Resection of Small Intestine
Authors: N. E. Piti
Journal: BMJ (1948)

would be to give sufficiently large doses of the drug for a suffi- ciently long time.Surely a more plausible explanation for the failure of penicillin to cure all cases of the disease can be found.With the humility proper in a medical student I suggest that it is because penicillin cannot always reach the causative organisms.In those cases where the blood culture is positive the bacteria may be found on the surface of the vegetations, and it is probably these cases which have the best chance of responding to penicillin therapy.In those cases, however, where the blood culture is negative,
Reticulum-Cell Sarcoma Producing Retroperitoneal and Periureteric Fibrosis
Authors: Robert W. Trever
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

CONSIDERABLE attention has been devoted in the recent urologic literature to a peculiar process termed periureteric fibrosis.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Two such cases have been presented in the case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital in this journal.10 , 11 The possibility of retroperitoneal neoplasm was considered before operation in some of the reported cases, but this diagnosis was excluded on the basis of one or more biopsies of the retroperitoneal mass enveloping and compressing either or both ureters. Of 19 cases reported in the literature in English, the diagnosis of "periureteric fibrosis" in all but 1 rests solely on biopsy material. Most of the . . .
LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF PERSISTENT GENERALISED LYMPHADENOPATHY IN HOMOSEXUAL MEN: RELATION TO ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
Authors: Usha Mathur-Wagh, Ilya Spigland, HenryS. Sacks, StanleyR. Yancovitz, DanielC. William, RogerW. Enlow, RobertJ. Winchester, Edwarda Rorat, MichaelJ. Klein, Donna Mildvan
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Screening tests for HBsAg in transfusion centres of developing countries: Authors' reply
Authors: T J. John, V. Saha
Journal: BMJ (1988)

counterimmunoelectrophoresis.The benefit of reverse passive haemagglutination and ELISA over counterimmunoelectrophoresis is therefore 2 8- fold and 9-4-fold respectively (not 2-5 and 7 7 as stated).And the cost of detecting each unit of infected blood by counterimmunoelectrophoresis is $62.50 (not $6.25).The figures for hepatitis B markers among the potential recipients suggested there was no overlap between hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to the core antigen, and antibody to surface antigen groups (99+108+39+254=500).I find this rather surprising.
Consensus recommendations for risk stratification in multiple myeloma: report of the International Myeloma Workshop Consensus Panel 2
Authors: Nikhil C. Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson, P. Leif Bergsagel, John Shaughnessy, Antonio Palumbo, Brian Durie, Rafael Fonseca, A. Keith Stewart, Jean-Luc Harousseau, Meletios Dimopoulos, Sundar Jagannath, Roman Hajek, Orhan Sezer, Robert Kyle, Pieter Sonneveld, Michele Cavo, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Jesus San Miguel, John Crowley, Hervé Avet-Loiseau
Journal: Blood (2011)
Climate Change, Crop Yields, and Undernutrition: Development of a Model to Quantify the Impact of Climate Scenarios on Child Undernutrition
Authors: Simon J. Lloyd, R. Sari Kovats, Zaid Chalabi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Global climate change is anticipated to reduce future cereal yields and threaten food security, thus potentially increasing the risk of undernutrition. The causation of undernutrition is complex, and there is a need to develop models that better quantify the potential impacts of climate change on population health.We developed a model for estimating future undernutrition that accounts for food and nonfood (socioeconomic) causes and can be linked to available regional scenario data. We estimated child stunting attributable to climate change in five regions in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in 2050.We used current national food availability and undernutrition data to parameterize and validate a global model, using a process-driven approach based on estimations of the physiological relationship between a lack of food and stunting. We estimated stunting in 2050 using published modeled national calorie availability under two climate scenarios and a reference scenario (no climate change).We estimated that climate change will lead to a relative increase in moderate stunting of 1-29% in 2050 compared with a future without climate change. Climate change will have a greater impact on rates of severe stunting, which we estimated will increase by 23% (central SSA) to 62% (South Asia).Climate change is likely to impair future efforts to reduce child malnutrition in South Asia and SSA, even when economic growth is taken into account. Our model suggests that to reduce and prevent future undernutrition, it is necessary to both increase food access and improve socioeconomic conditions, as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Metabolic Studies Following Total Pancreatectomy for Retroperitoneal Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: George L. Nardi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

TOTAL pancreatectomy has been reported 27 times (June, 1952).1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 In all cases this procedure was done to remove intrinsic pancreatic disease. In the case reported below, total pancreatectomy was part of an attempted excision of a large retroperitoneal sarcoma invading the pancreas and splenic vein. The patient survived one year. The metabolic studies carried out during this period form the substance of this report.Case Report21 S. K., a 33-year-old electrician, entered the hospital on June 22, 1950, because of a left-upper-quadrant mass of 2 weeks' duration.The patient had complained of vague, intermittent, leftcostal, and costovertebral-angle distress for 2 . . .
Tuberculous Patients—a Misquotation Corrected.
Authors: Paul Paquin
Journal: JAMA (1895)

St. Louis, Sept. 27, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In theJournalof September 21 (in the report of the Society Proceedings), I am represented as having said at a discussion of the Mississippi Valley Medical Association, at Detroit, Mich., that tuberculosis patients could not live in Colorado or New Mexico; that they would be more apt to die there quicker than anywhere else. I beg to say to you that I have never made such a remark anywhere, and that your reporter must have mistaken my statement. I did say something to the following effect: "That patients suffering with acute tuberculosis do not find a Colorado or New Mexico climate favorable, and that in such altitudes acute tuberculosis runs its course more rapidly than elsewhere at low altitudes." I had in mind simply acute tuberculosis, and nothing else. Please publish this letter in a prominent place among the Society Proceedings,
Diagnosis and management of patients at risk of or with metastatic spinal cord compression: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: B D White, A J Stirling, E Paterson, K Asquith-Coe, A Melder
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Metastatic spinal cord compression is thought to affect more than 4000 people each year in the United Kingdom.1 2 Treatment before paralysis is clinically effective and cost effective. Despite the fact that spinal pain is often present for three months and neurological symptoms for two months before paraplegia, almost 50% of patients are unable to walk by the time of diagnosis.1 3 Recognition is difficult as non-specific back pain is common in both the general population and patients with cancer.4 5 In addition, 23% of patients with spinal metastases have no prior cancer diagnosis.1 The added distress and disability caused by paralysis affecting someone already living with cancer cannot be overestimated.6 This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on how to diagnose and manage patients at risk of or with metastatic spinal cord compression.7 The algorithm outlines the management of patients with suspected metastatic spinal cord compression (figure⇓). Management of patients with suspected metastatic spinal cord compression NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the guideline development group's opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Early recognition and diagnosis
[112] GENETIC VARIATION IN THE RECEPTOR-LIGAND PAIR NKG2D-MICA IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPMENT OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
Authors: E. Melum, T.H. Karlsen, K.M. Boberg, A. Bergquist, E. Thorsby, E. Schrumpf
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)