tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary Artery Disease Screening Using Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Louis Potier, Nadia Matallah, Kamel Mohammedi
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Outcome After Orthotopic Cardiac Transplantation in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: J. M. Lamour, L. J. Addonizio, M. E. Galantowicz, J. M. Quaegebeur, D. M. Mancini, M. R. Kichuk, A. Beniaminovitz, R. E. Michler, A. Weinberg, D. T. Hsu
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Advances in surgical and medical management have greatly improved long-term survival rates in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). As these patients reach adulthood, myocardial dysfunction can occur, leading to cardiac transplantation.We reviewed the pretransplantation and posttransplantation courses of 24 patients >18 years old (mean age, 26 years; range, 18 to 56 years) with CHD who received a transplant between January 1985 and September 1998. The relation between preoperative and perioperative risk factors for complications and death was assessed. Single ventricle was the pretransplantation diagnosis for 12 patients (50%), and d-transposition of the great vessels was the diagnosis for 4 patients (16%). Twenty-two patients had a mean of 2 previous operations. At cardiac transplantation, additional surgical procedures were required to correct extracardiac lesions in 18 patients (75%). Refractory heart failure was present in 22 patients, significant cyanosis was present in 7, and protein-losing enteropathy was present in 4. There were 5 early deaths due to bleeding (n=3) and infection (n=2). The Kaplan-Meier survival rate after cardiac transplantation was 79% at 1 year and 60% at 5 years. No anatomic or surgical risk factor was predictive of death. The outcome of patients with CHD who received a transplant was compared with that for patients without CHD (n=788). Mean bypass and ischemic times were significantly longer in patients with CHD than in patients without CHD. Survival rates after transplantation did not differ significantly between patients with and those without CHD (P=0.83).Successful cardiac transplantation is obtainable in adults with complex CHD, with an outcome similar to that of patients without CHD. A detailed assessment of cardiac anatomy and careful surgical planning are essential to the pretransplantation and posttransplantation management of these patients.
THE RELATION OF CHEST CONTOUR TO LUNG CAPACITY.
Authors: FRANCIS FREDERICK MALONE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Early in the history of medicine clinicians recognized that the shape of the chest varies in disease. Thus the emphysematous or "barrel-shaped" chest, the phthisical or flat chest, and the various unilateral deformities of pleurisies, etc., are mentioned under various names by eminent writers. Apparently, however, the fact that the contour of the chest varied in different individuals not subject to disease was not recognized or was considered of no value until in the beginning of the last century, when Chomel<sup>1</sup>published the first work on thoracic diameters and insisted that diameters and not circumference were the true basis for estimating lung capacity. The next publication along this line was by Fourmentin,<sup>2</sup>who, working along the lines of Chomel, determined the "thoracic index," using the formula adopted by craniologists in determining the cephalic index, i e.:
Failure of chemoprophylaxis to prevent meningococcal disease.
Authors: G Foster, H Panigrahi, M Walker
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The ici4 eningococcal disease among household contacts of P tWit-thediseasee is considerably greater than that among the gmera population.' Chemoprophylaxis is generally recommen- ded to reduce this risk2 (D M Jones, J D Abbott, unpublished report 981, No 12, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre) but may faith because it is given too late, because the infecting organism is rsistat or inaccessible to the agent chosen, or because the drug is not given to the entire household.'We describe an outbreak of meningococcal disease lasting 12 weeks in an extended family in which selective prophylaxis failed to prevent two secondary cases. Case reports CASE 1A 6 month old infant was admitted to hospital with a three day history of lethargy and vomiting.She was pale, unresponsive, and feverish.She had stiffness of the neck, Kernig's sign, and a tense fontanelle, but there were no petechiae.Meningitis was confirmed by lumbar puncture and treatment with penicillin and chloramphenicol started.Neisseria meningitidis group B was subsequently isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and chloram- phenicol was stopped.She made an uneventful recovery and was discharged 10 days after admission.N meningitidis was not isolated from further blood cultures and nose and throat swabs collected before her discharge.The patient's two sisters, aged 2 and 4, received prophylaxis with rifampicin 5 mg/kg twice daily for five days starting on the day after her admission.Throat swabs were collected from them and 19 other household contacts (playmates and members of the extended family).N meningitidis group A but not group B was isolated from the baby's uncle. CASE 2The 4 year old sister of the baby in case 1 was admitted one week later (12 days after completing her course of rifampicin) with a one day history of vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain.On admission she was confused but without meningism.There was tenderness on movement of both elbow joints and a macular rash on her arms.Her symptoms remitted spon- taneously, and she was discharged after 48 hours.On the next day, however, N meningitidis group B was isolated from a blood culture and nose swab that had been collected on admission.These isolates were later shown to be of the same serotype as those in case 1-namely, Frasch type 8/11.Both isolates were susceptible to penicillin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and sulphonamides (minimal inhibitory concentration of sulphadiazine <1 mg/l).She was readmitted for treatment with penicillin, after which further blood cultures gave negative results.
Physiologic assessment of coronary artery stenosis by coronary flow reserve measurements with transthoracic doppler echocardiography: comparison with exercise thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Masao Daimon, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Hiroyuki Yamagishi, Takashi Muro, Kaname Akioka, Kumiko Hirata, Kazuhide Takeuchi, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Lowering Cholesterol With Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Authors: Eric M. Mazur
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the report by Nimer and coworkers<sup>1</sup>demonstrating that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) lowers serum cholesterol when administered by infusion to patients with aplastic anemia. The authors postulate a number of potential mechanisms whereby GM-CSF may alter cholesterol metabolism. We agree with their hypothesis that the action of GM-CSF on hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis is most likely indirect and mediated via liver cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage. However, we would like to suggest an alternative mechanism not addressed in their report. We propose that the hypocholesterolemic effect of GM-CSF is related to the simulation of inflammatory cytokines. Sisson and Dinarello<sup>2</sup>have recently demonstrated that recombinant GM-CSF stimulates the production of interleukin 1α, interleukin β, and tumor necrosis factor from normal human mononulcear cells. Interleukin 1, the protein mediator of the acute phase response, has a number of metabolic effects, including stimulation of resting energy
194 ANTI-HBV IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS IN LIVER TRANSPLANTED PATIENTS USING SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION OF HBIG: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF AN ONGOING OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: A. Galeota Lanza, M. Imparato, F.P. Picciotto, C. Migliaccio, G. Surfaro, M. Romano, A. Giuliani, F. Calise, G.G. Di Costanzo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Autologous Transplantation of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Improved Ischemic Peripheral Neuropathy in Humans
Authors: Ken Arima, Yousuke Katsuda, Yoshiaki Takeshita, Yutaka Saito, Yasuyuki Toyama, Yoshio Katsuki, Masanori Ootsuka, Hiroshi Koiwaya, Ken-ichiro Sasaki, Hisashi Kai, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A novel method to noninvasively assess effective flow areas for pediatric aortic stenosis using contrast echocardiography coupled with second harmonic imaging: comparison with the doppler continuity equation and laser flow visualization
Authors: Shuping Ge, Robin Shandas, Luciano Mazzaro, Curt DeGroff, Ole Knudson, Lilliam Valdes-Cruz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Study of Prediagnostic Selenium Level in Toenails and the Risk of Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kazuko Yoshizawa, Walter C. Willett, Steven J. Morris, Meir J. Stampfer, Donna Spiegelman, Eric B. Rimm, Edward Giovannucci
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

In a recent randomized intervention trial, the risk of prostate cancer for men receiving a daily supplement of 200 microg selenium was one third of that for men receiving placebo. By use of a nested case-control design within a prospective study, i.e., the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, we investigated the association between risk of prostate cancer and prediagnostic level of selenium in toenails, a measure of long-term selenium intake.In 1986, 51,529 male health professionals aged 40-75 years responded to a mailed questionnaire to form the prospective study. In 1987, 33,737 cohort members provided toenail clippings. In 1988, 1990, 1992, and 1994, follow-up questionnaires were mailed. From 1989 through 1994, 181 new cases of advanced prostate cancer were reported. Case and control subjects were matched by age, smoking status, and month of toenail return. Selenium levels were determined by neutron activation. All P values are two-sided.The selenium level in toenails varied substantially among men, with quintile medians ranging from 0.66 to 1.14 microg/g for control subjects. When matched case-control data were analyzed, higher selenium levels were associated with a reduced risk of advanced prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] for comparison of highest to lowest quintile = 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.25-0.96; P for trend = .11). After additionally controlling for family history of prostate cancer, body mass index, calcium intake, lycopene intake, saturated fat intake, vasectomy, and geographical region, the OR was 0.35 (95% CI = 0.16-0.78; P for trend = .03).Our results support earlier findings that higher selenium intakes may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Further prospective studies and randomized trials of this relationship should be conducted.
Physical chemistry of intestinal absorption of biliary cholesterol in mice
Authors: David Q.‐H. Wang, Sum P. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Although many putative sterol transporters influencing cholesterol absorption and physical–chemical factors affecting dietary cholesterol absorption have been extensively investigated, it is still unclear how biliary cholesterol contributes to the regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption. We studied whether the gallbladder can modulate the microaggregates of cholesterol carriers, which may in turn influence the intestinal absorption of biliary cholesterol. Supersaturated, crystallized, or micellar model biles were delivered via a duodenal catheter to conscious, freely moving C57L mice daily for 2 days. Intestinal uptake and absorption of biliary cholesterol and its fecal excretion, as well as expression levels of intestinal sterol transporters, were analyzed. Cholesterol uptake and absorption by the enterocyte were dramatically reduced in mice treated with crystallized biles compared with supersaturated biles. This correlated with the higher cumulative radioactivity of cholesterol recovered in the feces at 24 hours. Such findings were absent with the added reference compound sitostanol. After removing cholesterol crystals from crystallized biles, micellar biles showed essentially identical effects on intestinal absorption but with lower fecal cholesterol excretion compared with the original samples containing crystals. Expression levels of the jejunal Abcg5 (ATP-binding cassette transporter G5) and Abcg8, but not Npc1l1 (Niemann-Pick C1 like 1), were significantly increased by supersaturated biles compared with crystallized biles. Conclusion: Different physical forms of biliary cholesterol dramatically determine intestinal uptake and absorption of cholesterol. Solid plate-like cholesterol monohydrate crystals in bile are probably not absorbed and are totally excreted in feces from the body. The gallbladder may have a role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis by modulating the physical forms of biliary cholesterol. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Is a Long-Term Aerobic Plus Resistance Training Program Feasible for and Effective on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients?
Authors: Stefano Balducci, Frida Leonetti, Umberto Di Mario, Francesco Fallucca
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Aerobic physical activity is a major therapeutic modality for type 2 diabetes (1,2). It is well known that regular aerobic exercise produces beneficial effects on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, lipid abnormalities, and hypertension (3,4). On the other hand, several recent studies (5,6) have demonstrated the beneficial effect of resistance exercise in diabetes, and these results should encourage its practice because of the increasing number of sedentary, older, and obese people in industrialized countries. In fact, this is particularly important in the case of individuals who may be noncompliant with aerobic exercise. To prove the effectiveness of resistance training, a recent study (7) showed the positive effects of prescribed and supervised high-intensity resistance training for 16 weeks in high-risk older adults with type 2 diabetes, resulting in improved glycemic and metabolic control. Similarly, 16 weeks of resistance plus aerobic training is reported to enhance glucose disposal in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (8). Both of these studies evaluate the effect of relatively short-period physical training but neither investigates prolonged resistance exercise combined with aerobic training in diabetic people.

We therefore investigated the long-term effects (1 year) of prescribed and supervised combined aerobic and resistance training on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, and body composition in type 2 diabetic patients.

Physical examination was performed to detect the presence and degree of complications as well as to determine any orthopedic limitations. After …
Frequency of Pathological Complete Response with Adriamycin and Taxanes Based Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: T. Mehmood, M. Ali, A. Masood, I. Haider, K. Rehman, A. Rashid, M.A. Shah, A. Jamshed
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Promoter Hypermethylation Profile of Kidney Cancer with New Proapoptotic p53 Target Genes and Clinical Implications
Authors: Frank Christoph, Steffen Weikert, Carsten Kempkensteffen, Hans Krause, Martin Schostak, Jens Köllermann, Kurt Miller, Mark Schrader
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Risk stratification of renal cell carcinoma is based on the histopathologic classification. Promoter hypermethylation as a mechanism of gene inactivation in renal cell carcinoma has been shown for only a small number of genes. We examined the usefulness of quantitative methylation analysis with a new set of p53 target genes for determining the clinical outcome and aggressiveness of the tumor disease.The genes selected were APAF-1, CASPASE-8, DAPK-1, IGFBP-3, and PML. The tissue samples analyzed were taken from tumor specimens obtained from 90 consecutive patients with clear cell renal carcinoma and from 20 normal kidney specimens. Quantitative methylation analysis of CpG sites in the promoter region was done by methylation-specific real-time PCR and the normalized index of methylation (NIM) was determined for each sample.Hypermethylation of the promoter region was common for APAF-1 (97%) and DAPK-1 (41%) but not for IGFBP-3 (3%), PML (3%), or CASP-8 (0%). The tumor patients had a median follow-up of 55 months. A correlation was found between the methylation level of APAF-1 and tumor size and nodal status, but not for tumor stage, grade, and age of patient. Kaplan-Meier analysis was able to identify patients with a higher risk of recurrence and tumor-related death by using APAF-1 (>or=56% NIM) and DAPK-1 (>or=10% NIM) methylation levels. In multivariate analysis, APAF-1 and DAPK-1 methylation levels were independent prognostic markers for metastatic disease and death from renal cell carcinoma.Our findings indicate that promoter hypermethylation of APAF-1 and DAPK-1 is a marker of aggressive renal cell carcinoma and provides independent prognostic information on disease outcome.
A Potential False-Positive Posttherapy Radioiodine Scan Secondary to I-131 Excretion in Perspiration
Authors: WILLIAM T. JOYCE, ROBERT J. COWAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 40-year-old woman underwent I-131 radioablation therapy after total thyroidectomy for follicular carcinoma. After dosing with 3700 mBq of I-131 sodium Iodine, the initial post-therapy images revealed an unexpected site of increased activity in the posterior skull region. Careful evaluation raised the possibility of contamination by perspiration in her hair. Repeat images obtained after the patient washed no longer demonstrated the activity. This case illustrates the importance of awareness of minor routes of I-131 excretion when Interpreting post-therapy images.
Control of Tuberculosis
Authors: Roger S. Mitchell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IN spite of improved methods of detection and treatment, especially in the past fifteen to twenty years,1 , 2 the problem of tuberculosis in the United States has not improved as much as was hoped and expected. The trend of new case rates between 1953 and 1964, according to various age groups, is shown in Figure 1. These data from the United States Public Health Service emphasize the point that whereas the lowest incidence of new cases is still seen in the younger age groups, the rate of decline has been least in the group under fourteen; the data also indicate that tuberculosis . . .
Sickle cell crisis associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Ebenezer Kio, Adedayo Onitilo, John Lazarchick, Maged Hanna, Chris Brunson, Uzair Chaudhary
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Sickle‐beta + (β + ) thalassemia is a double heterozygous genetic disorder characterized by both a qualitative and quantitative abnormality. We present a case of an African American male who was first diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD) at the age 23 years when he presented with generalized bone pain, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory findings included thrombocytopenia, microcytic anemia, and markedly elevated ferritin. He was subsequently diagnosed with a sickle‐beta thalassemia hemoglobinopathy. Findings in the bone marrow aspirate and biopsy were consistent with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). HLH resolved with the resolution of sickle cell bone pain crisis without use of immunosuppressive therapy. To the best of our knowledge this is the first documented case of HLH associated with sickle cell bone pain crisis. Am. J. Hematol. 77:229–232, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone SPECT in an Osteoid Osteoma of Transverse Process of First Lumbar Vertebra
Authors: Ignacio Banzo, Roberto Hernandez???Allende, Remedios Quirce, Jose Manuel Carril
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

The transverse processes of the spine are unusual locations for osteoid osteomas. Bone SPECT and spiral CT scans were crucial for localizing an osteoid osteoma in the right transverse process of L1 in a patient with lower back pain. Surgical removal of the tumor was performed.
Uganda launches HPV vaccination programme to fight its commonest cancer
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Experts on cervical cancer have welcomed the launch of a vaccination programme in Uganda but have called for investment in screening to run in parallel.

The incidence of cervical cancer in Uganda is three times the global average, and the cancer is the most frequently diagnosed in women.

The vaccine programme, a collaboration between the Ugandan ministry of health and the drug company Merck Sharpe & Dohme (MSD, known as Merck & Co in north America), will see 140 000 girls aged 9-12 years given injections of the quadrivalent vaccine Gardasil, which protects girls against the human papillomavirus (HPV), known to cause cervical cancer. Gardasil protects against types 6, 11, 16, and 18 of HPV, of which the last two types are known to cause 70% …