tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of the Extracellular Domain from P0, the Major Structural Protein of Peripheral Nerve Myelin
Authors: Lawrence Shapiro, Joseph P. Doyle, Preston Hensley, David R. Colman, Wayne A. Hendrickson
Journal: Neuron (1996)

P0, the major protein of peripheral nerve myelin, mediates membrane adhesion in the spiral wraps of the myelin sheath. We have determined the crystal structure of the extracellular domain from P0 (P0ex) at 1.9 Å resolution. P0ex is folded like a typical immunoglobulin variable-like domain; five residues at the C-terminus are disordered, suggesting a flexible linkage to the membrane. The requirements for crystallization of P0ex are similar to those for maintaining the native extracellular spacing of adjacent myelin lamellae; thus, given the self-adhesive character of P0ex, the crystal itself may reveal some of the natural interactions that occur between P0 molecules in myelin. The structure leads to the suggestion that P0 extracellular domains may emanate from the membrane surface as tetramers that link to tetramers on the opposing membrane surface, to result in the formation of networks of molecules. We report analytical ultracentrifugation data for P0ex that support this idea.
Pharmaceutical Marketing Research and the Prescribing Physician
Authors: Jeremy A. Greene
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Surveillance of physicians' prescribing patterns and the accumulation and sale of these data for pharmaceutical marketing are currently the subjects of legislation in several states and action by state and national medical associations. Contrary to common perception, the growth of the health care information organization industry has not been limited to the past decade but has been building slowly over the past 50 years, beginning in the 1940s when growth in the prescription drug market fueled industry interest in understanding and influencing prescribing patterns. The development of this surveillance system was not simply imposed on the medical profession by the pharmaceutical industry but was developed through the interactions of pharmaceutical salesmen, pharmaceutical marketers, academic researchers, individual physicians, and physician organizations. Examination of the role of physicians and physician organizations in the development of prescriber profiling is directly relevant to the contemporary policy debate surrounding this issue.
Chloroquine-Resistant Falciparum Malaria
Authors: Howard B. Shookhoff
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Journal(<b>200</b>:886, 1967) featured an important editorial on falciparum malaria. It is certainly vital to alert the clinician to the problem of chloroquine resistance. The editorial outlines well the alternative treatment being used. I am not sure, however, that one statement is entirely warranted. "Aggressive and prompt therapy with quinine" is recommended in patients with cases of falciparum malaria from those areas where resistant cases are known to occur. It must be kept in mind that not all patients from such areas fail to be cured with chloroquine and, furthermore, that resistance in many instances does not mean absence of clinical response. Experience indicates that what often happens is that fever is controlled for from one to three weeks. Parasites may or may not persist in the blood. Then there is a recurrence. Since quinine may precipitate an acute hemolytic reaction in falciparum malaria (black-water
Corrigendum to “Re: Effects of Simvastatin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, and Rosiglitazone on Proliferation of Normal and Cancerous Prostate Epithelial Cells at Therapeutic Concentrations” [Eur Urol 2010;57:542–3]
Authors: Elizabeth M. Masko, Lionel L. Bañez, Stephen J. Freedland
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Transesophageal echocardiography and coagulation indicators in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a prospective 3-year study
Authors: C. Pandullo, C. Giansante, N. Fiotti, S. Calabrese, R. La Verde, C. Mazzone, S. Scadi, G. Guamien
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Clash of Symbols—The AMA Stone in the Washington Monument: Hippocratectomy or Hippocratoplasty?-Reply
Authors: James Stacey
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  I am delighted to respond to the letters by Drs Atlee and Rubenstein. The pride of one and concern of the other are commendable and understandable.  The original stone has been restored, but is not removable from the interior monument wall. Thought was given to extensive stone cutting to remove the original, but the National Park Service historical custodians feared that the original appearance of the wall would be distorted by the procedure. Their charge is to maintain the original design and intent of the many commemorative stones within the monument. A duplicate of the original will be fashioned from a mold prepared by the sculptor and will be displayed at AMA headquarters in Chicago.  The choice of the Girodet painting as a theme for the AMA stone might indeed seem from today's perspective disappointing. Those of us associated with the AMA are proud of its commitment to
Managed Care Ethics
Authors: Gary C. Prechter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 October 1998Managed Care EthicsGary C. Prechter, MDGary C. Prechter, MDWestern Carolina Chest Consultants; Hendersonville, NC 28739Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-8-199810150-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:It is ironic that the final page of the recent article by Hall and Berenson [1] is shared by a quote from Plato, who himself was greatly motivated in the intellectual fight against relativistic thinkers of his day, in particular the Sophists. An example of this thinking is found in the claim that “It is untenable for the medical profession to continue asserting an idealistic ethic that is contradicted so openly by daily practice.”Despite the bold statement, the authors worry about the cynicism generated by rule instrumentalism that might “become so widespread that it destroys the ...References1. Hall MA, Berenson RA. Ethical practice in managed care: a dose of realism. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:395-402. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Western Carolina Chest Consultants; Hendersonville, NC 28739 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1998Volume 129, Issue 8Page: 673-674 Issue Published: 15 October 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Importance of intraluminal pressure on hemodynamics and vasoconstriction responses of stenotic arteries.
Authors: M Ghods, R Mangal, A S Iskandrian, W P Santamore
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Clinical and morphological studies clearly indicate that most human coronary artery stenoses are capable of vasomotion. Variable ischemic thresholds, ischemia unrelated to work load, and variant angina further show the presence and importance of vasoconstriction in coronary artery stenosis. Despite the importance of vasoconstriction, the effect of intraluminal pressure on the hemodynamic response to vasoconstrictors has not yet been examined. Intraluminal pressure is a primary determinant of vessel size and the force opposing vasoconstriction. Accordingly, we examined the effects of intraluminal pressure on the hemodynamic response to norepinephrine (NE)-induced vasoconstriction. METHODS AND RESULTS In canine carotid arteries perfused with physiological salt solution, pressures at the proximal and distal ends of the artery, as well as flow, were continuously recorded. We altered intraluminal pressure using three diverse interventions: changes in perfusion pressure, decreasing distal resistance, and collaterals. In normal, nonstenotic arteries, NE decreased the external vessel diameter but did not reduce flow. Perfusion pressure changes did not affect the ED50 of the NE-diameter relation. After an intraluminal stenosis was created, NE-induced constriction decreased flow. The threshold concentration of NE needed to decrease flow decreased as the perfusion pressure decreased (38.5 +/- 17.9, 2.3 +/- 1.3, and 0.12 +/- 0.1 x 10(-7) mol/l for 125, 100, and 75 mm Hg of perfusion pressure, respectively; p less than 0.05). Lowering distal resistance decreased stenotic pressure and decreased the threshold NE concentration from 5.4 +/- 1.9 to 0.34 +/- 0.2 x 10(-7) mol/l (p less than 0.05), and increasing stenotic pressure with collaterals increased the threshold NE concentration from 2.6 +/- 1.4 to 7.5 +/- 4.6 x 10(-7) mol/l (p less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In stenotic arteries, interventions that lowered the intraluminal pressure decreased the threshold NE concentration needed to decrease flow, and interventions that raised the intraluminal pressure increased the threshold NE concentration. This pressure-dependent constrictor sensitivity affects the vasomotor tone and is important in pathophysiology of ischemia occurring with hypotension (low perfusion pressure) or mild increase in myocardial oxygen demand (low distal arteriolar resistance). The results also suggest that collaterals, by maintaining stenotic pressure, could decrease the constrictor sensitivity and prevent ischemia.
279 DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SERUM CYSTATIN C AS A MARKER OF RENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: S.J. Choi, Y.S. Kim, S.G. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.A. Hong, Y.M. Park, Y.H. Lee, J.Y. Jang, J.K. Kim, M.S. Lee, S.D. Hwang, B.S. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) variants are genetic risk factors for death and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Beate Appenrodt, Frank Grünhage, Martin G. Gentemann, Lydia Thyssen, Tilman Sauerbruch, Frank Lammert
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), a severe complication in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis, has been attributed to bacterial translocation from the intestine. Variants of the NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2) gene have been associated with impaired mucosal barrier function in Crohn disease. We hypothesized that the risk of acquiring SBP is increased in patients with cirrhosis carrying NOD2 variants. We recruited 150 nonselected patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites admitted to our unit, monitored survival, and recorded the development of SBP prospectively and retrospectively. SBP was defined as the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) cells >250 per microL of ascitic fluid. Patients were genotyped for the NOD2 variants p.R702W, p.G908R, and c.3020insC. During a median follow-up of 155 days, 54 patients (36%) died and SBP was diagnosed in 30 patients (20%). The occurrence of SBP was increased significantly (P = 0.008) in carriers of NOD2 variants (odds ratio [OR] = 3.06). Retrospectively, SBP was observed in 22 additional patients, and the combined prospective and retrospective analysis substantiated the association between NOD2 and SBP (P = 0.004; OR = 2.98). Of note, carriers of NOD2 risk alleles showed a significantly (P = 0.007) reduced mean survival time (274 days) in comparison to patients with wildtype genotypes (395 days). Common NOD2 variants linked previously to impaired mucosal barrier function may be genetic risk factors for death and SBP. These findings might serve to identify patients with cirrhotic ascites eligible for preemptive antibiotic treatment.
Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia 3 Due to Homozygote c.132dupA Mutation Within the<i>ANO10</i>Gene
Authors: Martina Minnerop, Peter Bauer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Adverse outcomes of underuse of beta-blockers in elderly patients
Authors: R. J. Holt
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —The findings of Soumerai et al 1 lump all calcium channel blockers into one group. While no calcium channel blocker is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for prevention of morbidity and mortality post-MI, data from several studies have shown that verapamil can reduce morbidity and mortality in some post-MI patients.  The Second Danish Verapamil Infarction Trial (DAVIT II) 2,3 randomized patients (
Incidence of Tumoural Pathology in Horseshoe Kidneys
Authors: Jos&eacute; Rubio Briones, Ricardo Regalado Pareja, Francisco S&aacute;nchez Mart&iacute;n, Gilberto Ch&eacute;chile Toniolo, Jorge Huguet P&eacute;rez, Humberto Villavicencio Mavrich
Journal: European Urology (1998)
Psychoanalysis and Brief Psychotherapy: Some New Considerations on the Psychotherapeutic Process
Authors: Edmond Gilli&eacute;ron
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1981)

This introductory paper describes the technique of brief analytic psychotherapy as has been developed in Lausanne. The author has tried to demonstrate that a single modification of the setting in comparison with psychoanalysis stresses the importance of the 'hie et nunc' in the therapeutic relationship. If this phenomenon becomes apparent to the therapist and is adequately interpreted, a natural associative process can develop where the analysis of transference and countertransference takes a primordial place. This process is comparable to psychoanalysis as far as certain transference movements are concerned, but the working mechanisms are different.
Thyroid Carcinoma in Man after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Edward L. Socolow, A. Hashizume, S. Neriishi, R. Niitani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE present study reviews thyroid carcinoma detected during a three-year period in the Adult Health Study populations of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and was undertaken to determine whether or not a relation exists between previous exposure to ionizing radiation and the subsequent development of thyroid carcinoma. All cases were found during routine medical examinations of matched groups of exposed and nonexposed subjects co-operating in the long-term medical investigations of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission.The current literature1 2 3 4 5 6 indicates that there may well be a relation between the prevalence of thyroid cancer and prior irradiation of the neck area for thymic enlargement . . .
Aeromonas hydrophilia Septicemia in a Previously Healthy Man
Authors: Frederic D'Alauro
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Ramsay et al (239:128, 1978) recently reported a case of Aeromonas hydrophilia sepsis in a patient undergoing hemodialysis therapy. We report a case of A hydrophilia septicemia seen at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.  Report of a Case.—  A 79-year-old man with a history of heart disease, but otherwise in good health, was seen in the emergency room for two episodes of dull epigastric pain associated with nausea during a 24-hour period. The patient was admitted for possible myocardial infarction. Cardiac enzyme levels and ECGs showed no evidence of myocardial infarction, but on the second hospital day the patient had a temperature of 39 °C. Four blood cultures grew A hydrophilia . The strain was sensitive to gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin and resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, and carbenicillin. Stool culture subsequently grew A hydrophilia . He received a ten-day course of gentamicin sulfate, with resolution of epigastric pain and
Does health-related quality of life reflect disease severity in chronic hepatitis C patients?
Authors: Uwe Siebert, Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer, Wolfgang Greiner, Gaby Sroczynski, John B. Wong, Karen M. Kuntz, Birgit Kallinowski, J.-Matthias Graf von der Schulenburg, Monika Bullinger, Siegbert Rossol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-III is caused by mutations in KINDLIN3 affecting integrin activation
Authors: Lena Svensson, Kimberley Howarth, Alison McDowall, Irene Patzak, Rachel Evans, Siegfried Ussar, Markus Moser, Ayse Metin, Mike Fried, Ian Tomlinson, Nancy Hogg
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
The RAC1 P29S Hotspot Mutation in Melanoma Confers Resistance to Pharmacological Inhibition of RAF
Authors: Ian R. Watson, Liren Li, Peter K. Cabeceiras, Mozhdeh Mahdavi, Tony Gutschner, Giannicola Genovese, Guocan Wang, Zhuangna Fang, James M. Tepper, Katherine Stemke-Hale, Kenneth Y. Tsai, Michael A. Davies, Gordon B. Mills, Lynda Chin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Following mutations in BRAF and NRAS, the RAC1 c.85C&amp;gt;T single-nucleotide variant (SNV) encoding P29S amino acid change represents the next most frequently observed protein-coding hotspot mutation in melanoma. However, the biologic and clinical significance of the RAC1 P29S somatic mutation in approximately 4% to 9% of patients remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that melanoma cell lines possessing the RAC1 hotspot variant are resistant to RAF inhibitors (vemurafenib and dabrafenib). Enforced expression of RAC1 P29S in sensitive BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines confers resistance manifested by increased viability, decreased apoptosis, and enhanced tumor growth in vivo upon treatment with RAF inhibitors. Conversely, RNAi-mediated silencing of endogenous RAC1 P29S in a melanoma cell line with a co-occurring BRAF V600 mutation increased sensitivity to vemurafenib and dabrafenib. Our results suggest RAC1 P29S status may offer a predictive biomarker for RAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma patients, where it should be evaluated clinically. Cancer Res; 74(17); 4845–52. ©2014 AACR.
Basic transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Graham S Hillis, Peter Bloomfield
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Transthoracic echocardiography is one of the most commonly performed cardiac investigations.It can provide comprehensive information about cardiac structure and function, helping to establish a diagnosis and guide therapy, and is no longer the preserve of the specialist cardiology department.Examinations are frequently requested by doctors in other branches of medicine; they need to know what questions an echocardiogram can, and cannot, answer.Echocardiography images are best viewed as moving pictures.These are shown on bmj.com, several with the motion of a full cardiac cycle.The website also contains brief explanations of the commonly used imaging modalities.
Tocopheryl oligochitosan-based self assembling oligomersomes for siRNA delivery
Authors: Sang Myoung Noh, Su Eun Han, Gayong Shim, Kyoung Eun Lee, Chan-Wha Kim, Sung Sik Han, Yongseok Choi, Young Keun Kim, Won-Ki Kim, Yu-Kyoung Oh
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Ultrasound Tumor Diagnosis
Authors: Andrew B. Crummy
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We agree in principle with Cardello et al (227:1124, 1974) that great care must be taken in the diagnosis of fluid-filled masses with ultrasound B scan. A-mode simultaneous evaluation was carried out in our previously reported case (226:82, 1973) but not reported in the article. We have also discovered that acoustically homogeneous lesions can be extremely difficult to differentiate from cystic lesions. We had a case of a herniated left lobe of the liver presenting as a left hilar mass that was quite difficult to separate from a cystic lesion on ultrasound. Several points should be made with regard to their reported case. Close clinical and radiographic correlation is mandatory in the evaluation of mediastinal mass lesions with ultrasound. As illustrated in their case, any mass presenting with associated mediastinal widening or paratracheal adenopathy should be considered a solid tumor until proven otherwise. As Cardello et al
Abstract P3-10-21: Audit of the Accuracy of Immunohistochemical (IHC) Testing of HER2 Status of Breast Cancer in the United Kingdom: An Interim Analysis
Authors: JL Starczynski, FM Campbell, P Jones, J Gilbert, JC Dowds, K Miller, M Ibrahim, B Jasani
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The analysis of the level and distribution of HER2 protein expressed by cancer cells (HER2 status) is of great clinical value in the management of breast cancer patients both for the determination of the prognosis of disease and for identification of those patients who are eligible for anti-HER2 therapy. Accurate assessment of the HER2 status is essential for identifying patients which will benefit from HER2 targeted therapy. HER2 status in the UK is established using a two tier strategy with IHC as the initial test and subsequent reflex of equivocal results to in situ hybridization (ISH). IHC staining of the HER2 protein is graded as 0- 3+ dependent upon the intensity of staining, cellular localisation and the percentage of cells positive in accordance with CAP/ASCO and UK guidelines. HER2 3+ cases are considered as positive, with HER2 2+ cases (equivocal) retested by ISH to ascertain the gene amplification status. Cases that are scored as 0 and 1+ by IHC have no additional testing and are classed as negative. The literature indicates that a subset of these IHC negative cases show HER2 gene amplification by FISH (range 1.1-10.7%). The aim of this audit is to evaluate the discordance rate of HER2 IHC negative, FISH positive breast cancer in the UK, with a secondary objective to resolve if this is related to the choice of antibody used. Materials and methods: This audit selected a total of 1000 sequential cases reported as HER2 negative on IHC, from three UK reference centres receiving cases from 29 different hospitals. The cases were given a unique identifying number and annonymised. Each of the three centres used a different IHC method for frontline HER2 testing with centre one using HercepTest™ (DAKO), centre two Pathway 4B5 (Roche), and centre three, Oracle (Leica Microsystems). HER2 gene amplification status was determined using dual colour FISH analysis, PathVysion (ABBOTT) fluorescence ISH (FISH) in a single centre to provide standardised methodology and assessment. HER2 was classed as amplified when the HER2/cep 17 ratio was two or greater in accordance with UK guidelines. All cases which showed discordance between IHC and FISH were retested with each of the HER2 IHC platforms to discover whether these are truly discordant results or if the discrepancy is a consequence of the choice of antibody. Results: An interim analysis of 170 cases shows an overall IHC negative/FISH positive discordance rate of 2.37%. The discordance rate per antibody was 1.7% for HercepTest, 3.3% with 4B5 and 2.5% with Oracle. Of the FISH positive cases the HER2/cep 17 ratios ranged from 2.2 - 6.17. The overall discordance rate between IHC negative and FISH positive is in keeping with the literature and is comparable between the three IHC platforms. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-21.