tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Fallopian Tube: Structure, Function, Pathology and Management
Authors: D. R. Shanklin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This excellent, comprehensive book can serve as a model argument for the special-interest monograph. It begins with an effective review of the history of the subject and has detailed chapters on embryology and anomalies, and on anatomy. The functional aspects of the tube are well selected from the vast body of literature on fertilization. The chapters on specific disease classes consider suppurative and granulomatous salpingitis, including tuberculosis, tubal pregnancy, benign tumors, malignant tumors, factors in tubal infertility and, particularly useful and important, a discussion of tubal ligation. As a resource on tubal ligation, the chapter should be read by every gynecologist in America. Especially well described is the interesting problem of tubo-ovarian malignancies, with the seemingly peculiar finding of isolated, probably nonmetastatic lesions in the tube, and less often in the endometrium, in cases of papillary neoplasma of the ovary. References are well chosen and reasonably complete; many recent papers
The Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
Authors: Paul A. Lange
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To review current knowledge about the hepatopulmonary syndrome, including definition and clinical features, methods for diagnosing it, pathophysiologic mechanisms of the associated vascular dilatations, and considerations in treatment, with emphasis on potential reversibility of the syndrome after liver transplantation. Data Sources: The MEDLINE database from January 1986 to December 1993 and bibliographies of selected articles. Study Selection: Case studies and series reporting results from patients with the hepatopulmonary syndrome were reviewed. Clinical reviews and animal studies relevant to the hepatopulmonary syndrome were examined. Data Extraction: Outcomes, including survival and the frequency of reversibility of the hepatopulmonary syndrome, were extracted from available clinical reports. Data Synthesis: Mild hypoxemia is multifactorial and occurs in approximately one third of all patients with chronic liver disease. The hepatopulmonary syndrome is one cause of hypoxemia that may also cause dyspnea, platypnea, and orthopnea. Intrapulmonary vascular dilatations and the resulting right-to-left intrapulmonary shunt are characteristic of the syndrome. Pharmacologic treatment with almitrine bismesylate, somatostatin analog, and indomethacin and treatment with plasmapheresis have been disappointing. The underlying cause and the predictors of reversibility of the hepatopulmonary syndrome remain unknown, but it has recently been shown that such reversibility is possible and that contrast-enhanced echocardiography appears to be the most sensitive diagnostic test for detecting intrapulmonary vascular dilatations. Conclusions: In the context of persisting uncertainty about the cause and treatment of the hepatopulmonary syndrome, future studies must focus on better understanding the pathophysiology of the hepatopulmonary syndrome, predicting reversibility after liver transplantation, and identifying other treatment options.
Seroepidemiological Studies of HTLV-III Antibody Prevalence Among Selected Groups of Heterosexual Africans
Authors: Nathan Clumeck
Journal: JAMA (1985)

T-lymphocyte subsets and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III antibody prevalence were studied in African patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC), and in female prostitutes. African blood donors and healthy Zairian and Rwandese persons matched for age, sex, and annual income served as controls. Seropositivity was noted in 46 (87%) of 53 patients with AIDS, 29 (88%) of 33 patients with ARC, 67 (80%) of 84 prostitutes, and five (12.5%) of 40 and eight (15.5%) of 51 healthy controls and blood donors, respectively. Patients with AIDS and ARC had a significantly lower OKT4/OKT8 ratio than healthy African controls. These studies suggest that human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III infection has already spread extensively into the general African population and that female prostitutes could be an important human reservoir of AIDS virus in the heterosexual population.
Asymmetric segregation and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with endocytic Ap2a2
Authors: Stephen B. Ting, Eric Deneault, Kristin Hope, Sonia Cellot, Jalila Chagraoui, Nadine Mayotte, Jonas F. Dorn, Jean-Philippe Laverdure, Michael Harvey, Edwin D. Hawkins, Sarah M. Russell, Paul S. Maddox, Norman N. Iscove, Guy Sauvageau
Journal: Blood (2011)
Lymphocytotoxins in rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence, lymphocyte specificity, and HLA-DR antigens.
Authors: P H Wooley, G S Panayi, J R Batchelor
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

37% (57/155) of sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis contain cold-reacting lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Lymphocytotoxins were predominantly of the weakly reactive type and were more likely to be present in patients who were HLA-DR4 positive. By contrast, patients who were HLA-DR3 positive were more likely to have strongly reactive lymphocytotoxins. The lymphocyte subclass reactivity of the lymphocytotoxins was: 67% versus B lymphocytes, 27% against both T and B cells, and 7% for T cells.
Radial Glial Identity Is Promoted by Notch1 Signaling in the Murine Forebrain
Authors: Nicholas Gaiano, Jeffrey S. Nye, Gord Fishell
Journal: Neuron (2000)

In vertebrates, Notch signaling is generally thought to inhibit neural differentiation. However, whether Notch can also promote specific early cell fates in this context is unknown. We introduced activated Notch1 (NIC) into the mouse forebrain, before the onset of neurogenesis, using a retroviral vector and ultrasound imaging. During embryogenesis, NIC-infected cells became radial glia, the first specialized cell type evident in the forebrain. Thus, rather than simply inhibiting differentiation, Notch1 signaling promoted the acquisition of an early cellular phenotype. Postnatally, many NIC-infected cells became periventricular astrocytes, cells previously shown to be neural stem cells in the adult. These results suggest that Notch1 promotes radial glial identity during embryogenesis, and that radial glia may be lineally related to stem cells in the adult nervous system.
Phase II trial of α‐tocopherol (vitamin E) in the treatment of primary systemic amyloidosis
Authors: Morie A. Gertz, Robert A. Kyle
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Primary systemic amyloidosis (AL) is a rare disorder characterized by deposition of a monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain or fragment thereof, resulting in dysfunction of the heart, kidney, liver, or nerves. Despite the use of melphalan, prednisone, colchicine, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), no improvement in median survival has been reported in prospective randomized studies. We undertook a study of α‐tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) in the treatment of 16 patients with AL because of its reported benefits in animal models of senile and secondary amyloidosis as well as reported benefit in the treatment of secondary amyloidosis in humans. None of the patients showed any objective regression of their disease. The median survival of the entire group was 19.4 months. This survival is not superior to that reported with other agents used in this disease. We conclude that α‐tocopherol is not a valuable agent in the treatment of AL.
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
Authors: Barr H. Forman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Hypokalemic periodic paralysis has been reported mainly in white patients.<sup>1</sup>The relatively high incidence in Japanese has been most often in association with thyrotoxicosis.<sup>2</sup>The one Negro patient reported was also thyrotoxic.<sup>3</sup>This patient is reported because of the unusual occurrence of hypokalemic periodic paralysis in a euthyroid Negro. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 59-year-old male Negro presented with inability to walk, of one day's duration. The patient worked aboard ship as a cook and had been well until one week prior to admission when he noticed the onset of progressive arm weakness. After a heavy evening meal, he awoke on the morning of admission unable to get out of bed or move his legs. He had no associated history of fever, diarrhea, pain, polyuria, or vomiting. He denied taking any diuretics, laxatives, or thyroid medication. He had had similar episodes of weakness 25
A rho-specific exchange factor ect2 is induced from S to M phases in regenerating mouse liver
Authors: Hiromi Sakata, Jeffrey S. Rubin, William G. Taylor, Toru Miki
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The ect2 oncogene was originally identified as a transforming complementary DNA (cDNA) from mouse epithelial cells in an expression cloning approach and encodes a product related to Rho-specific exchange factors and yeast cell cycle regulators. To explore the potential role of ect2 in the cell cycle, we examined the expression of the ect2 proto-oncogene in a liver regeneration model in mice after partial (two thirds) hepatectomy. We found that the expression of the ect2 transcript and protein were markedly elevated with the onset of DNA synthesis and remained elevated during G2 and M phases. The timing of ect2 expression matched that of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and partially overlapped cell division cycle 2 (Cdc2) expression. In situ hybridization analysis showed that ect2 was expressed at a high level in cells undergoing mitosis in regenerating liver. Moreover, expression of a dominant negative or an oncogenic mutant of ect2 in cultured mouse hepatocytes resulted in a large increase in the number of binucleated cells. These findings showed that Ect2 is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner during liver regeneration, and suggest that it has an important role in the regulation of cytokinesis.
Current use of room disinfectants and allergic symptoms at the age of 4 years
Authors: Susanne Krauss-Etschmann, Sophie Niedermaier, Jeanette Beyer, Cristina Campoy, Victoria Escolano, Tamas Decsi, Viktória Jakobik, Dolores J. Schendel, Hans Demmelmair, Joachim Heinrich, Berthold V. Koletzko
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Rat hepatocyte culture model of macrosteatosis: Effect of macrosteatosis induction and reversal on viability and liver-specific function
Authors: Nir I. Nativ, Gabriel Yarmush, Alvin Chen, David Dong, Scot D. Henry, James V. Guarrera, Kenneth M. Klein, Tim Maguire, Rene Schloss, Francois Berthiaume, Martin L. Yarmush
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Development of a Human Experimental Infection Model of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Evaluation of an RNA Interference (RNAi) Therapeutic for Safety and Anti-Viral Efficacy in Man
Authors: J DEVINCENZO, R LAMBKINWILLIAMS, J CEHELSKY, T WILKINSON, O OBUTE, K FOOTE, S NOCHUR, A GILBERTS, A MANN, E MOANE
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Reversion of prion protein conformational changes by synthetic b-sheet breaker peptides
Authors: Claudio Soto, Richard J Kascsak, Gabriela P Saborío, Pierre Aucouturier, Thomas Wisniewski, Frances Prelli, Regina Kascsak, Enrique Mendez, David A Harris, James Ironside, Fabrizio Tagliavini, Richard I Carp, Blas Frangione
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
Medication Dispensing Errors and Potential Adverse Drug Events before and after Implementing Bar Code Technology in the Pharmacy
Authors: Eric G. Poon, Jennifer L. Cina, William Churchill, Nirali Patel, Erica Featherstone, Jeffrey M. Rothschild, Carol A. Keohane, Anthony D. Whittemore, David W. Bates, Tejal K. Gandhi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Many dispensing errors made in hospital pharmacies can harm patients. Some hospitals are investing in bar code technology to reduce these errors, but data about its efficacy are limited. Objective: To evaluate whether implementation of bar code technology reduced dispensing errors and potential adverse drug events (ADEs). Design: Before-and-after study using direct observations. Setting: Hospital pharmacy at a 735-bed tertiary care academic medical center. Intervention: A bar code–assisted dispensing system was implemented in 3 configurations. In 2 configurations, all doses were scanned once during the dispensing process. In the third configuration, only 1 dose was scanned if several doses of the same medication were being dispensed. Measurements: Target dispensing errors, defined as dispensing errors that bar code technology was designed to address, and target potential ADEs, defined as target dispensing errors that can harm patients. Results: In the pre– and post–bar code implementation periods, the authors observed 115 164 and 253 984 dispensed medication doses, respectively. Overall, the rates of target potential ADEs and all potential ADEs decreased by 74% and 63%, respectively. Of the 3 configurations of bar code technology studied, the 2 configurations that required staff to scan all doses had a 93% to 96% relative reduction in the incidence of target dispensing errors (P < 0.001) and 86% to 97% relative reduction in the incidence of potential ADEs (P < 0.001). However, the configuration that did not require scanning of every dose had only a 60% relative reduction in the incidence of target dispensing errors (P < 0.001) and an increased (by 2.4-fold) incidence of target potential ADEs (P = 0.014). There were several potentially life-threatening ADEs involving intravenous dopamine and intravenous heparin in that configuration. Limitations: The authors used surrogate outcomes; did not mask assessors to the purpose of study; and excluded the controlled substance fill process (a process with low error rates at baseline) from the study, which may bias the combined decrease in error rates toward a larger magnitude. Conclusions: The overall rates of dispensing errors and potential ADEs substantially decreased after implementing bar code technology. However, the technology should be configured to scan every dose during the dispensing process.
Abstract 2572: Vitamin D intake and lung cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).
Authors: Ting-Yuan David Cheng, Andrea Z. LaCroix, Shirley A.A. Beresford, Gary E. Goodman, Mark D. Thornquist, Yingye Zheng, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Gloria Y.F. Ho, Marian L. Neuhouser
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Prior research suggests that vitamin D protects against lung cancer with evidence only among subgroups including women and non-smokers. We investigated whether vitamin D intake was associated with lung cancer and explored whether vitamin A intake modified the association. Methods: Data from 128,779 postmenopausal women including 1,771 incident lung cancers in the Women's Health Initiative, 1993-2010, were analyzed. Twelve percent of women received active intervention (1 g calcium+400 IU vitamin D3 daily) in the Calcium/Vitamin D Trial. Baseline total intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and supplement bottle labels. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models. Results: No association was observed overall. Among never smokers, vitamin D intake was inversely associated with total lung cancer (HR=0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.18-0.77, ≥800 vs. &amp;lt;100 IU/d; P-trend=0.01). The Calcium/Vitamin D Trial active intervention was not associated with a lower lung cancer risk among women with vitamin A intake ≥1,000 μg/d Retinol Activity Equivalent (RAE), but among those with vitamin A intake &amp;lt;1,000 μg/d RAE (HR=0.69, 95% CI=0.50-0.96; P-interaction=0.09). Among current smokers with excess vitamin A intake (≥3,000 μg/d RAE), the intervention was associated with a higher lung cancer risk (HR=2.26, 95% CI=1.02-5.01), as no association was observed among current smokers with vitamin A intake &amp;lt;3,000 μg/d RAE (P-interaction=0.01). Conclusion: Vitamin D intake was associated with a lower lung cancer risk in never-smoking, postmenopausal women. Lower vitamin A intake may be important for a beneficial association of 1 g calcium+400 IU vitamin D3 supplementation with lung cancer. Citation Format: Ting-Yuan David Cheng, Andrea Z. LaCroix, Shirley A.A. Beresford, Gary E. Goodman, Mark D. Thornquist, Yingye Zheng, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Gloria Y.F. Ho, Marian L. Neuhouser. Vitamin D intake and lung cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2572. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2572
Incidence of biliary tree carcinoma, discovered during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography from 1995 to 1999 in our institution
Authors: R. Suriani, D. Mazzucco, M. Dore, M. Vaio, E. Passarelli, P. Volterrani, G. Moncelli, I. Venturini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
A hemolytic plaque assay for activated murine T cells.
Authors: D Primi, G K Lewis, J W Goodman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

In an earlier report, it was shown that murine spleen cells cultured with concanavalin A (Con A) released into the culture supernatants helper and suppressor substances for antibody production. The present communication describes the production of rabbit antisera against culture supernates from Con A-activated spleen cells and their use in a plaque assay for mitogen-activated T cells. The plaque assay, utilizing SRBC to which Staphylococcal protein A had been coupled, the developing anti-supernatant antiserum and guinea pig complement, readily detected secreting T cells. The T-cell nature of the plaque-forming cells (PFC) was established principally by the following: (a) the majority of lymphocytes in the centers of plaques were Thy-1-positive by fluroescence; (b) spleen cells depleted of B cells by incubation in plastic dishes coated with rabbit anti-mouse Ig antibody gave greatly enriched PFC responses; (c) anti-Thy-1 and anti-Lyt-2.2 treatment of spleen cells almost completely depleted PFC; (d) T-cell mitogens (Con A and phytohemagglutinin) but not B-cell mitogens (lipopolysaccharides) induced PFC responses; (e) T cells maintained in culture for 10 d with Con A and T-cell growth factor yielded PFC. Kinetic and dose response studies showed that high doses of mitogen induced rapidly appearing T-PFC and the responses peaked at day 1--2 of culture. Lower doses of mitogen-induced PFC required longer periods of incubation for detection, indicating that cell activation and secretion may be different dose-dependent activities of mitogens. Another noteworthy finding was that the antiserum reacted with surface antigens of T-PFC, indicating that secreted products are expressed on the membranes of T cells, offering the possibility of isolating populations of cells with specific secretory potential. Although the precise nature of the T-cell products detected by the antiserum used in this assay are unresolved, 10% of the target-cell-adherent population from spleen cells of BALB/c mice sensitized to L929 cells formed plaques. This suggests that the antiserum has significant activity against the products of cytotoxic T cells, a finding which accords with the activity of anti-Lyt-2.2 serum against mitogen-induced T-PFC. The method clearly offers new possibilities for the analysis of T cells and their products and should provide an important approach to the clonal analysis of lymphokine production.
Life Insurance After Malignant Disease
Authors: RICHARD H. FITZGERALD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Forty-five life insurance companies responded to a questionnaire on insurance industry attitudes towards patients with a history of malignancy other than skin carcinoma. Although the criteria for acceptance, provisions of the policy, and philosophy about adjuvant treatment varied, all companies would underwrite such patients provided that at application there was no evidence of persistent or recurrent disease or severe complications of therapy. The concept of excess mortality (observed death rates versus standard expected death rates) is used with other factors in calculating premiums. Legal and ethical responsibilities of physicians associated with insurance applications are briefly discussed.
TRAIL Promotes the Survival and Proliferation of Primary Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Activating the Akt and ERK Pathways
Authors: Paola Secchiero, Arianna Gonelli, Edvige Carnevale, Daniela Milani, Assunta Pandolfi, Davide Zella, Giorgio Zauli
Journal: Circulation (2003)

TRAIL protein is expressed in the medial smooth cell layer of aorta and pulmonary artery, whereas endothelial cells express all TRAIL receptors (TRAIL-Rs). The role of TRAIL/TRAIL-Rs in vascular biology was investigated in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and aortic endothelial cells, which showed comparable surface expression of death (TRAIL-R1 and -R2) and decoy (TRAIL-R3 and -R4) TRAIL-Rs. TRAIL activated the protein kinase Akt in HUVECs, as assessed by Western blot for phospho-Akt. Moreover, experiments performed with a pharmacological inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway (LY294002) or a dominant-negative Akt (K179M) demonstrated that TRAIL significantly protected HUVECs from apoptosis induced by trophic withdrawal via Akt and that inhibition of Akt sensitized HUVECs to TRAIL-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. TRAIL also stimulated the ERK1/2 but not the p38 or the JNK pathways and induced a significant increase in endothelial cell proliferation in an ERK-dependent manner. Conversely, TRAIL did not activate NF-kappaB or affect the surface expression of the inflammatory markers E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. The ability of TRAIL to promote the survival/proliferation of endothelial cells without inducing NF-kappaB activation and inflammatory markers suggests that the TRAIL/TRAIL-R system plays an important role in endothelial cell physiology.
High Dosage Metolazone in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: H. J. Dargie, M. E. M. Allison, A. C. Kennedy, M. J. B. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Metolazone is a modified quinazolinesulphonamide and in a dose of between 4 and 7·5 mg is an effective diuretic in man with normal renal function. Fourteen patients with non-oedematous stable chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance ranging from 1·2 to 12 ml/min) were given metolazone in doses ranging from 20-150 mg. A noticeable increase in urine flow and sodium excretion occurred, free water clearance increased, and there was a small but significant increase in potassium excretion. No side effects were noted.
The Molecular and Cellular Identity of Peripheral Osmoreceptors
Authors: Stefan G. Lechner, Sören Markworth, Kate Poole, Ewan St. John Smith, Liudmilla Lapatsina, Silke Frahm, Marcus May, Sven Pischke, Makoto Suzuki, Inés Ibañez-Tallon, Friedrich C. Luft, Jens Jordan, Gary R. Lewin
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Complications in Surgery and Their Management—
Authors: George Halperin
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book presents in a single volume a discussion of complications in surgery and their treatment. The objectives are to warn against common complications, to suggest methods of prevention, and to provide the best available knowledge about the therapy of these complications. The selection of 69 contributors, each an authority in the selected field, presented a challenge which was successfully met. A chapter by Claude S. Beck deals with cardiac arrest, whileWilliam A. Altemeier discusses complications of appendectomy. Warren H. Cole writes on methods of prevention of spread of cancer in surgical operations, and Frank Glenn discusses complications following operations on the biliary tract. John M. Waugh is the author of the chapter on complications of surgery of the large intestine, and Robert M. Zollinger discusses complications of pancreatic surgery. Anesthesia is extensively treated by Hamilton S. Davis. There are chapters dealing with shock, infection, complications of antibiotic therapy, cardiac