tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breathing dynamically changes positive airway pressure during nasal high flow in neonates
Authors: Pavel Mazmanyan, Mari Darakchyan, Sheng Feng, Stanislav Tatkov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  Nasal High Flow (NHF) generates positive airway pressure in spontaneously breathing patients. The aim of the study was to investigate intranasal flow/pressure changes during NHF in neonates.   Methods:  Nasal pressure was measured in 6 (3M/3F) near term premature newborns (mean gestation age of 35.8 (SD 2.2) wk and mean birth weight of 2516.6 (SD 443.4) g that received respiratory support. NHF at 5L/min and 10L/min were generated by an AIRVO 2 (Fisher & Paykel Healthcare, NZ). Flow-pressure profile in both nasal cavities was obtained from respiratory inductance plethysmography and manometry with two micro pressure probes.   Results:  Measured PEEP varied in both nasal cavities (Fig 1a). Magnitude of pressure at any given NHF was modulated by the respiration cycle - increasing during expiration and decreasing during inspiration (Fig 1b). Inspiratory pressure remained positive during NHF 5 and 10 L/min.   Conclusion:  Intranasal pressure dynamically changes according to the breathing cycle and may vary in both nasal cavities. Peak inspiratory and expiratory pressure values depend on peak inspiratory and expiratory flow and need to be analysed along with PEEP for interpretation of delivered pressure during NHF therapy.   Fig 1  ( a ) Box-whisker plot (5-95% CI) of PEEP generated by 10L/min, 5L/min NHF and control.  ( b ) An example of flow-pressure profile.
Myeloblastoma (Chloroma) in Leukemia
Authors: Ali Guermazi, Stephanie Nguyen Quoc, Gerard Socie, Josette Briere, Eric de Kerviler, Philippe Solal-Celigny, Jacques Frija, Philippe Rousselot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.23.3993 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11099329 Myeloblastoma (Chloroma) in Leukemia Case 1. Granulocytic Sarcoma (Chloroma) of the Breast Ali GuermazixAli GuermaziSearch for articles by this author , Stephanie Nguyen QuocxStephanie Nguyen QuocSearch for articles by this author , Gerard SociexGerard SocieSearch for articles by this author , Josette BrierexJosette BriereSearch for articles by this author , Eric de KervilerxEric de KervilerSearch for articles by this author , Philippe Solal-CelignyxPhilippe Solal-CelignySearch for articles by this author , Jacques FrijaxJacques FrijaSearch for articles by this author , Philippe RousselotxPhilippe RousselotSearch for articles by this author Show More Saint-Louis University Hospital, Paris, France https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.23.3993 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
P-277 Increased Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) predicts poor prognosis in patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy that undergo hepatectomy for liver-only colorectal metastases and especially in those who don't receive post-hepatectomy adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: A. Giakoustidis, K. Neofytou, M. Costa Neves, A. Khan, S. Mudan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Demography and survival in lung cancer patients presenting to the accident and emergency department
Authors: Ravi Parekh, William Wilson-Theaker, Venencia Sibanda, Ram Sundar, Imran Aziz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  : Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality due to late presentation. In Wigan we have approximately 250 patients diagnosed with lung cancer every year. Our previous audit had shown that more than 40% of our patients are admitted as initial presentation of the disease.   Aims and methods  : To see the stage and type of lung cancer in the patients who present initially as acute hospital admission. We also compared WHO performance status and survival in these patients and to compare with our previous audit.   Results  : Out of 89 patients, 70 presented to A/E department, 8 referred by general practitioners and 11 by other departments the hospital. Majority were current or past smokers and had stage 4 disease (n=70) at diagnosis. The main presenting feature was generally unwell (n=82). Specific presenting symptoms were : dyspnoea (n=40), weight loss (n-25), thoracic pain (n=18), loss of appetite (n=12), fatigue (n=8). Haemoptysis was only reported by n=6 patients. Investigations showed the final histology to be, non-small cell lung cancer with no definite type 1 patient, adenocarcinoma 20 patients, squamous cell carcinoma 12 patients, small cell carcinoma 10 patients, mesothelioma 5 patients and no tissue diagnosis 41 patients. Most patients had WHO performance status between 3 and 4. The mean survival post diagnosis was 13 weeks (range 0-69 weeks).   Conclusion  : Patients with lung cancer present with non-specific symptoms and the survival is limited when they present to the hospital. Healthcare system should invest more in screening and awareness in high risk patients.
Stage IA to IIB mediastinal Hodgkin's disease: three-dimensional volumetric assessment of response to treatment.
Authors: C G Willett, R M Linggood, J C Leong, L M Miketic, M A Stracher, S J Skates, D C Kushner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

From 1979 to 1986, the response to treatment of 53 patients with stage IA to IIB mediastinal Hodgkin's disease was evaluated by three-dimensional volumetric analysis using thoracic computed tomographic (CT) scans. The mean initial volume of mediastinal disease in 34 patients treated with mantle and para-aortic irradiation was 166 mL, whereas for 19 patients treated with two to six cycles of multiagent chemotherapy and mantle and para-aortic irradiation the mean initial volume was 446 mL. Preliminary data suggested that patients with mediastinal volumes of less than 200 mL had a lower mediastinal relapse rate (13%) than patients with volumes greater than 200 mL (32%). For 12 patients receiving six cycles of nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP), those with a greater than 85% reduction in volume 1 to 2 months after chemotherapy had a lower incidence of mediastinal relapse (zero of six, 0%) compared with patients having 85% or less reduction in volume (four of six, 67%). The primary value of this technique is that it provides a sensitive assessment of response to treatment and may aid in monitoring the effectiveness of a given treatment.
Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Richard T. Briggs, Manfred L. Karnovsky, Morris J. Karnovsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to produce H2O2 in response to phagocytic stimulation was examined cytochemically using leukocytes from normal individuals and patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Normal PMN oxidized diaminobenzidine within the phagocytic vacuole by a reaction dependent upon endogenous H2O2 and myeloperoxidase. CGD PMN failed to oxidize diaminobenzidine, which is consistent with the biochemical data showing a lack of H2O2-generating capacity. A plasma membrane enzyme (oxidase) activated by phagocytosis is capable of H2O2 production in PMN. The localization of this oxidase activity was explored in CGD PMN using a cytochemical technique specific for H2O2. The enzyme activity is stimulated by exogenous NADH, but not NADPH. Reaction product formation, indicative of activity of the oxidase, is dependent upon precipitation of cerium ions by the enzymatically generated H2O2. The advantage of this approach is that enzyme activity of individual cells can be assessed, allowing determination of numbers of reactive cells in the population and their relative degrees of reactivity. NADH oxidase was found to be active both on the plasma membrane and within the phagocytic vacuoles of control PMN, whereas those cells from three CGD patients showed greatly reduced activity in both these sites. Assessment of the reactivity of individual cells showed the number of cells with oxidase activity in CGD to be significantly reduced when compared to control values. Additionally, of those cells that do react, a higher percentage of them are only weakly reactive. Omission of NADH from the incubation medium reduced the percentage of control cells showing enzyme activity but had no effect on CGD PMN, implying that the enzyme is not saturated with substrate in control cells, but in CGD the diminished enzyme is fully saturated. The defect may lie in the fact that in CGD patients there are fewer cells capable of peroxide generation, and a majority of these reactive cells produce only reduced amounts of this bactericidal agent.
Maternal Influence on Responsiveness of Multiparous Mice to the Antigenic Characteristics of Their Male Progeny
Authors: Delta E. Uphoff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Maternal Influence on Responsiveness of Multiparous Mice to the Antigenic Characteristics of Their Male Progeny Get access Delta E. Uphoff Delta E. Uphoff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 6, June 1974, Pages 1843–1847, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.6.1843 Published: 01 June 1974 Article history Received: 21 December 1973 Accepted: 15 February 1974 Published: 01 June 1974
ABT-199 (GDC-0199) in relapsed/refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL): High complete- response rate and durable disease control.
Authors: John Francis Seymour, Matthew Steven Davids, John M. Pagel, Brad S. Kahl, William G. Wierda, Soham Puvvada, John F. Gerecitano, Thomas J. Kipps, Mary Ann Anderson, David C.S. Huang, Nikita Rudersdorf, Lori A. Gressick, Nicholas P. Montalvo, Jianning Yang, Ming Zhu, Martin Dunbar, Elisa Cerri, Sari H. Enschede, Rod Humerickhouse, Andrew Warwick Roberts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

7015 Background: Overexpression of Bcl-2 in relapsed CLL/SLL is associated with dysregulated apoptosis and chemoresistance. ABT-199 is an orally bioavailable, selective Bcl-2 inhibitor that triggers apoptosis of CLL cells in vitro and in vivo, making it a promising agent for the treatment of patients (pts) with CLL/SLL. Methods: The primary objectives of this phase I study were to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) and to determine the maximum tolerated dose and a recommended phase 2 dose (RPTD) of ABT-199. A secondary objective was to assess preliminary efficacy. Following early events of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), a weekly ramp-up period to the final cohort dose (150 – 1200 mg) was implemented. Pts are now being enrolled in the safety expansion (SE) cohort. A ramp-up period with weekly dose increases occurred from 20, 50, 100, 200 mg to the final RPTD of 400 mg. Results: As of 12/04/2013, 84 pts (11 in SE) were enrolled with a median time on study of 14.7 (range, 0.5-29.3) months. 23 (27%) pts had del(17p) and 48 (57%) had fludarabine (F)-refractory CLL. Most common AEs were diarrhea (37%), nausea (36%), neutropenia (35%), upper respiratory tract infection (29%), and fatigue (27%). Grade 3/4 AEs (≥3 pts) were neutropenia (32%), anemia (8%), TLS (8% including 1 G5), and febrile neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperglycemia, and hypokalemia (6% each). 28 have discontinued: 18 for progressive disease, 8 for AEs, and 2 for other reasons. The objective response rate (ORR) was 79% (CR/CRi 22%) with a median duration of response (DOR) of 20.5 months [95% CI; 13.8, 20.5] for the 63 pts evaluable for efficacy. At 12 months, 91% of CR and 65% of PR pts remain progression free. The ORR was 78% for del(17p) and 79% for F-refractory CLL. Of the 14 CR/CRi pts, 9 were evaluated in local labs for minimal residual disease (MRD); 5 were negative and 4 of these were F-refractory. Conclusions: ABT-199 induces a high rate of response in pts with R/R CLL, including those with del(17p) and F-refractory disease. Responses are durable, especially in the 22% achieving CR/CRi, with several of these high risk pts achieving MRD negativity. Enrollment in the SE cohort is continuing. Clinical trial information: NCT01328626.
Abstract 18339: Weight Loss with Low Carbohydrate Diets Improves Flow Induced Vasodilation in Resistance Arteries
Authors: Jing-Tan Bian, Mary Szczurek, Christine Ranieri, Ivana Grizelj, Ana Cavka, Austin Robinson, Gordon Marsh, Kevin Li, Rasheed A Sanyaolu, Shruti Shinde, Shane A Phillips
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Obesity is associated with microvascular dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO). We tested the hypothesis that NO-dependent, flow induced vasodilation in microvessels is improved by low carbohydrate diets designed for weight loss. Methods: Obese female adults (BMI = 32.0 ± 0.6 kg/m 2 , pre &amp; post, n=22) were randomly assigned to a low carbohydrate (LC) diet for weight loss (LCWL, n=11, 500 calorie/day deficit). All meals were prepared for 6 weeks (10% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 60% fat). Resistance arteries (RAs, internal diameter of 16021 μm, n=22) were dissected from gluteal subcutaneous fat biopsies at weeks 0 (pre) and 6 (post). Vessels were cannulated and exposed to pressure gradients (Δ10-Δ100 cmH 2 O), with or without L-NAME (10 -4 M, inhibitor of eNOS), PEG-catalase (PEG-CAT, 500 Units/ml, scavenger of H 2 O 2 ), indomethacin (INDO, 10 -5 M, inhibitor of cyclooxygenase), or pioglitazone (PIOG, 10 -5 M, PPARγ agonist) and to papaverine (10 -4 M), pre and post LC. NO or H 2 O 2 in RAs was measured by fluorescence microscopy. Results: LC diets reduced BMI (post 32.7±0.8% vs. pre 31.4±1.0%, p&lt;0.01), and increased flow-induced vasodilation (FID, post 81 ± 3% vs. pre 63 ± 4%, at Δ100 cmH 2 O (p&lt;0.01) that was reduced by L-NAME and PEG-CAT (p&lt;0.05). Consistently, vascular NO (fluorescence ratio: 1.5 ± 0.3, post vs. pre, p&lt;0.05) and H 2 O 2 (2.6 ± 1.2, p&lt;0.05) were increased with flow, and inhibited by L-NAME and PEG-CAT, respectively. INDO reduced FID in post, less (p&lt;0.05) than in pre LC. There was no effect of pioglitazone on FID both in pre and in post (p&gt;0.05). Endothelium independent responses to papaverine were similar in pre and post LC. Conclusion: We found that after 6 weeks of WL on low carbohydrate diet, 1) BMI was reduced, and microvascular vasodilator reactivity was improved; 2) microvascular NO and H 2 O 2 generation were increased; and 3) there was no effect of pioglitazone on FID in resistance arteries. These data indicate that weight reduction on low carbohydrate diet is critical for improved and endothelium-dependent microvascular function. NIH ( R01HL095701 ).
To study the correlation of cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters with BODE index and severity of COPD
Authors: Sheetal Chaurasia, Tilak Dhamgaye, Rakesh Waghmare
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:COPD is a systemic disease.The classical measure of severity of COPD, FEV1, measures only airflow limitation. Exercise limitation in COPD is a function of a number of factors and CPET can give a better idea of effect of COPD on other systems.  Aims and objective:The aim of our study is to find the correlation of various CPET parameters, oxygen uptake(VO2max), peak workload(Wmax), anaerobic threshold (AT) with FEV1 as well as with BODE index .  Method:Fifty stable COPD patients were taken in the study and FEV1 obtained, BODE index was calculated and Symptom limited CPET performed in a cycle ergometer. The correlation of CPET parameters with BODE index and FEV1 studied using pearson9s coefficient.  Results: All CPET parameters showed statistically significant correlation with FEV1 but strength of correlation was weaker compared to that with BODE index. Among the CPET parameters VO2max correlated best (r=0.786) with FEV1.other parameters also showed significant correlation (pl.001) with FEV1 ( Wmax-r=0.691, AT-r=0.618).There was marked variability in VO2max for a given degree of FEV1 especially at lower FEV1 values suggesting that as the disease progresses other factors also become important contributors to exercise limitation. The CPET parameters also showed highly significant correlation with BODE index. VO2max showed almost linear negative correlation with BODE index (r=-0.909) with little variability.  Conclusion: As BODE index is a well validated prognostic marker in COPD, VO2max may be considered equivalent to BODE index in predicting effect of COPD on the health status of patients and CPET is suprior to spirometry in assessing the impact of copd on various systems.
Genetics of glucocorticoid-associated osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Seth E. Karol, Wenjian Yang, Sara L. Van Driest, Tamara Y. Chang, Sue Kaste, Erica Bowton, Melissa Basford, Lisa Bastarache, Dan M. Roden, Joshua C. Denny, Eric Larsen, Naomi Winick, William L. Carroll, Cheng Cheng, Deqing Pei, Christian A. Fernandez, Chengcheng Liu, Colton Smith, Mignon L. Loh, Elizabeth A. Raetz, Stephen P. Hunger, Paul Scheet, Sima Jeha, Ching-Hon Pui, William E. Evans, Meenakshi Devidas, Leonard A. Mattano, Mary V. Relling
Journal: Blood (2015)
Sofosbuvir plus pegylated interferon and ribavirin in patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus in whom previous therapy with direct‐acting antivirals has failed
Authors: Stanislas Pol, Mark S. Sulkowski, Tarek Hassanein, Edward J. Gane, Lin Liu, Hongmei Mo, Brian Doehle, Bittoo Kanwar, Diana Brainard, G. Mani Subramanian, William T. Symonds, John G. McHutchison, Ronald G. Nahass, Michael Bennett, Ira M. Jacobson
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Retreatment of patients who have not achieved sustained virological response (SVR) after treatment with investigational direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) has not been extensively studied. We conducted an open‐label trial to assess the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir (SOF) plus pegylated interferon (Peg‐IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) in patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) who participated in previous studies of one or more Gilead investigational DAAs in combination with RBV with or without Peg‐IFN. We enrolled 80 patients at 40 sites. All patients received SOF 400 mg once daily plus Peg‐IFN‐α 180 μg/week and weight‐based ribavirin (1,000 or 1,200 mg/day) for 12 weeks. The efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with SVR 12 weeks after discontinuation of therapy (SVR12). Of the 80 patients enrolled, 36 (45%) had received two or more courses of earlier treatment for HCV and 74 (93%) had at least one resistance‐associated variant (RAV) at baseline. SVR12 was achieved by 63 of the 80 patients (79%) treated. Rates of SVR12 were similar across patient subgroups. Presence of RAVs at baseline did not appear to be associated with treatment failure. Seventy‐one of eighty patients (89%) experienced at least one adverse event (AE), but most events were mild to moderate in severity. The most common AEs were fatigue, headache, and nausea. No patients discontinued all treatment because of AEs. Conclusion : These findings suggest that SOF plus Peg‐IFN and RBV for 12 weeks is effective and safe in patients who have not achieved SVR with earlier regimens of one or more DAAs plus Peg‐IFN and RBV. (H epatology 2015;62:129‐134)
Multifocal Nephroblastic Neoplasia
Authors: Kevin E. Bove, A. James McAdams
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Among 23 patients with multifocal metanephric neoplasia were 14 patients with 43 grossly visible subcapsular tumorlets, 0.3-3.5 cm in diameter, that were apparently derived from nodular renal blastema. Tumorlets are defined as circumscribed lesions that are visible on the exterior surface of the kidney, produce either a raised nodule or, in a few instances, a shallow depression, and are independent of the main tumor(s). Most tumorlets displayed homogeneous epithelial maturation. A substantial minority of tumorlets retained a blastemic character and a few were histologically malignant. Tumorlets tended to be multiple and bilateral but were absent in 9 patients with multifocal disease, including 4 of 10 with bilateral tumors. About half the lesions that achieved tumorlet status, including those that gave rise to clinical tumors, underwent malignant transformation. Contralateral tumorlets should not be mistaken for metastasis and do not adversely affect prognosis. The incidence of neoplasia among young, close relatives of patients with multifocal disease appeared to be excessive, but no clear excess of major anomalies, hemihypertrophy, or minor genitourinary tract anomalies was revealed by a retrospective survey of hospital charts.
Short-Term Variation in Air Pollution and in Average Lung Function Among Never-Smokers
Authors: CHRISTIAN SCHINDLER, NINO KÜNZLI, JEAN-PIERRE BONGARD, PHILIPPE LEUENBERGER, WERNER KARRER, REGULA RAPP, CHRISTIAN MONN, URSULA ACKERMANN-LIEBRICH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The present analysis was directed at investigating associations between short-term variations in air pollutant levels (NO2, total suspended particulates [TSP], O3) and cross-sectional lung function (FVC, FEV1, and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of FVC [FEF25–75]) within a random sample of 3,912 adult never-smokers from eight areas of Switzerland (i.e., participants in the Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults [SAPALDIA] cross-sectional study, 1991). Within each local data set, the logarithms of FVC, FEV1, and FEF25–75 were regressed against the 24-h-means of NO2 and TSP and the 8-h mean of O3 (10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.) on the examination day, with control for subjects' sex, age, height and weight, seasonal fluctuations and weekly cycles and meteorologic factors. On average, a 10- μ g/m3 increment in the daily level of NO2, TSP, and O3 was associated with decrements in FEV1 of 0.67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13% to 1.21%), 0.46% (95% CI: 0.14% to 0.78%), and 0.51% (95% CI: 0.13% to 0.88%), respectively. Moreover, 10- μ g/m3 increments in NO2 and TSP were associated with decrements in FVC of 0.73% (95% CI: 0.22% to 1.23%) and 0.36% (95% CI: 0.06% to 0.66%), respectively, and a 10- μ g/m3 increment in O3 was associated with a decrement in FEF25–75 of 1.04% (95% CI: 0.22% to 1.85%). Our results suggest that FVC, FEV1, and FEF25–75 vary with the daily level of NO2, TSP, and O3, but that these measures of lung function do not allow separation of the effects of particulates from those of NO2.