tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic Blood Pressure Response to Changes in Right Ventricular Function
Authors: ALAN L. PINKERSON, PETER A. KOT
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

The relationship between right ventricular and aortic pressure was studied in open-chest anesthetized dogs. A simultaneous increase in both pressures was observed in animals with an intact circulation and animals with the systemic circulation perfused at a constant rate and stroke volume by an extracorporeal pump. With gradual partial constriction of the main pulmonary artery, the increase in right ventricular systolic and aortic pressures occurred without consistent change in other measured parameters. Bilateral cervical vagotomy abolished the systemic vascular response. These observations are consistent with a pressor reflex which is mediated over vagal afferent fibers from the right ventricle. It is suggested that in animals under varying physiologic stimuli an increase in right ventricular pressure is associated with a reflex increase in systemic vascular resistance. In abnormal circumstances with increased resistance to right ventricular emptying, the increased total peripheral vascular resistance would be important in maintaining systemic blood pressure and blood flow.
ON THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF THE CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
Authors: I. McKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1911)

BTDi BSJIO=RAL 927 various untoward influences.In granular kidney it responds first by athero-sclerosis of its intimate intervisceral twigs; secondly, at a later period, when not these vessels but the-sstemic trunks suffer under another influence, under the stress, that is, of excessive pressures, the vessels again make the only response of which they are capable; theyexpress their reaction to a different injury also in similar terms of arterio-solerosis.Leaving now kidney disease and turning to the series which Huchard calle "' Presclerosis "-my Ilyperpiesis-a series in which as yet the kidneys have n been convicted of complicity, we may find again arterio-solerosis; but only after the mode which in Granular Kidney affects the arteries of large and middle magnitudes under tensile strain, a secondary, and often preventable result.To the arterio-sclerosis of Hyperpiesis the kidneys, so far as yet known, stand in no correlative relation.But there is yet another arterio-sclerosis, or, at any rate, an arterio.sclerosisfound in quite another category- namely, the arterio-sclerosis which in 1894 I separated as the senile or decrescent form.Whether, it is histologically identical or not with the kind of which we have been speaking is as yet an open question; but clinically it is distingushable, as it arises independently of high arterial pressures, or, at any rate, under preseures not excessive
Pleural Fluid Lactic Acid as a Probable Diagnostic Aid
Authors: B. Chavalittamrong, K. Angsusingha
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In MEDICAL NEWS William Check (241:781, 1979) reviewed the accuracy of determination of the level of lactic acid in CSF and synovial fluid for the differential diagnosis of bacterial infection. Studies should be conducted to measure the lactic acid concentration in pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal fluids to help the physician in diagnosis and management (241:781, 1979). The lactic acid concentration in pleural fluid that may probably aid in the definite diagnosis of empyema is reported. A total of 41 patients younger than 12 years of age were studied and divided into two groups, empyema and nonempyema cases. Empyema was diagnosed on the basis of purulent pleural fluid and presence of bacteria on stain and culture; these cases required intercostal drainage for resolution. The nonempyema cases were those with pleural effusion from other causes and did not require intercostal drainage for resolution. None of the cases received any
Substitution of a conserved alanine in the domain IIIS4–S5 linker of the cardiac sodium channel causes long QT syndrome
Authors: J SMITS, M VELDKAMP, C BEZZINA, Z BHUIYAN, H WEDEKIND, E SCHULZEBAHR, A WILDE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Congenital long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3) is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia disorder due to mutations in the cardiac sodium channel gene, SCN5A. Although most LQT3 mutations cause a persistent sodium current, increasing diversity in the disease mechanism is shown. Here we present the electrophysiological properties of the A1330T sodium channel mutation (DIIIS4-S5 linker). Like the A1330P, LQT3 mutation, A1330T, causes LQT3 in the absence of a persistent current.A1330T, A1330P and wild-type sodium channels were expressed in HEK-293 cells and characterized using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique.The A1330T mutation shifts positively the voltage-dependence of inactivation and speeds recovery from inactivation. Measurements of sodium window (I(Na, window)) currents revealed a positive shift of the I(Na, window) voltage range for both 1330 mutants, with in addition an increase in I(Na, window) magnitude for the A1330P mutant. Action potential (AP) clamp experiments revealed that these changes in I(Na, window) properties cause an increased inward current during the initial part of phase 4 repolarization of the AP.Our findings indicate that the alanine at position 1330 in the DIIIS4-S5 linker of the cardiac sodium channel has a role in channel fast inactivation. Substitution by a threonine shifts the voltage range of I(Na, window) activity to more positive potentials. Here the counter-acting effect of outward K+ current is reduced and may delay AP repolarization, explaining the LQT3 phenotype.
Reproducibility of thallium-201 myocardial imaging.
Authors: P R McLaughlin, R P Martin, P Doherty, S Daspit, M Goris, W Haskell, S Lewis, J P Kriss, D C Harrison
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Seventy-six thallium-201 myocardial perfusion studies were performed on twenty-five patients to assess their reproducibility and the effect ofvarying the level of exercise on the results of imaging. Each patient had a thallium-201 study at rest. Fourteen patients had studies on two occasions at maximum exercise, and twelve patients had studies both at light and at maximum exercise. Of 70 segments in the 14 patients assessed on each of two maximum exercise tests, 64 (91%) were reproducible. Only 53% (16/30) of the ischemic defects present at maximum exercise were seen in the light exercise study in the 12 patients assessed at two levels of exercise. Correlation of perfusion defects with arteriographically proven significant coronary stenosis was good for the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries, but not as good for circumflex artery disease. Thallium-201 myocardial imaging at maximum exercise is reproducible within acceptable limits, but careful attention to exercise technique is essential for valid comparative studies.
Notch and breast cancer: effects of a γ-secretase inhibitor on cell cycle.
Authors: NS Luraguiz, TH Yong, AW Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3016 Background:&amp;#x2028; Notch ligands and receptors are type I membrane proteins that regulate cell fate during cell-cell contact. Notch activation is oncogenic in many instances. Within the mammary gland, aberrant activation of the Notch pathway leads to adenocarcinoma. In human, high level of Notch1 expression in breast tumor is associated with reduced patient survival while better survival was observed where tumors expressed higher level of Notch2. In a recent report, it was observed that accumulation of Notch1 NICD increase Notch signaling in a wide variety of human breast carcinomas. Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women with a cumulative lifetime risk of developing the disease as high as one in every eight women. Current research focused on treatment that disrupt the molecular mechanisms leading to breast carcinogenesis, which may be a more effective in treating breast cancer. GSI (g-secretase inhibitor) which blocks the activation of Notch is presently undergoing Phase I clinical trial conducted by Merck in breast cancer patients. We have investigated the different effects of GSI treatments on ER- and ER+ breast cancer cells and the results are discussed.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods:&amp;#x2028; The human breast cancer cells lines MCF-7 and T47D (ER+), MDA-MB-435S and MDA-MB-231 (ER-) were treated with GSI, a Notch inhibitor, Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and combination of both drugs. Cell proliferation was determined by BrDU ELISA assay (Roche). Apoptosis following treatment was measured with TUNEL Assay Kit (Roche). The Cellular DNA Flow Cytometric Analysis Kit was used to determine the treatment on cell cycle. Trizol Reagent was use to extracted the RNA and Real Time PCR and RT Profiler PCR Array System were perform to detected the expression of genes.&amp;#x2028; Results and Discussion:&amp;#x2028; GSI alone is very effective on inhibiting the proliferation and promoting apoptosis of ER- cells but not ER+ cells. When combined with Tamoxifen, however, a significant killing effect was seen in ER+ cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed S phase block. The fold repression of Hes1 and Bcl2 was confirm after treatment with GSI in both cell lines. Together, these data strengthen the rationale for applying Notch inhibitors therapeutically. It also indicates the differences of the GSI treatment on ER+ vs ER- cells. In ER+ cells, both ER and Notch signaling pathways need to be targeted to effectively inhibit tumor cell growth and induce apoptosis. In ER- cells, targeting Notch signaling pathway is sufficient in achieving the same effects. The information will be critical when translating such research into clinic on deciding treatments for the breast cancer patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3016.
Inosine binds to A3 adenosine receptors and stimulates mast cell degranulation.
Authors: X Jin, R K Shepherd, B R Duling, J Linden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We investigated the mechanism by which inosine, a metabolite of adenosine that accumulates to > 1 mM levels in ischemic tissues, triggers mast cell degranulation. Inosine was found to do the following: (a) compete for [125I]N6-aminobenzyladenosine binding to recombinant rat A3 adenosine receptors (A3AR) with an IC50 of 25+/-6 microM; (b) not bind to A1 or A2A ARs; (c) bind to newly identified A3ARs in guinea pig lung (IC50 = 15+/-4 microM); (d) lower cyclic AMP in HEK-293 cells expressing rat A3ARs (ED50 = 12+/-5 microM); (e) stimulate RBL-2H3 rat mast-like cell degranulation (ED50 = 2.3+/-0.9 microM); and (f) cause mast cell-dependent constriction of hamster cheek pouch arterioles that is attenuated by A3AR blockade. Inosine differs from adenosine in not activating A2AARs that dilate vascular smooth muscle and inhibit mast cell degranulation. The A3 selectivity of inosine may explain why it elicits a monophasic arteriolar constrictor response distinct from the multiphasic dilator/constrictor response to adenosine. Nucleoside accumulation and an increase in the ratio of inosine to adenosine may provide a physiologic stimulus for mast cell degranulation in ischemic or inflamed tissues.
The Incidence of Serious Hemodynamic Changes in Physically-Limited Patients Following Oral Dipyridamole Challenge Before Thallium-201 Scintigraphy
Authors: DANIEL KAHN, ESTHER A. ARGENYI, KEVIN BERBAUM, KARIM REZAI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Dipyridamole has liberalized referrals for stress TI-201 chloride (thallium) studies at the Iowa City Veterans Administration Medical Center. Seventy-five percent of referrals now receive dipyridamole and, unlike patients who tolerate conventional exercise testing, these patients are often quite debilitated. Therefore, the hemodynamic consequences of dipyridamole were reviewed in 120 consecutive, physically-limited patients referred for thallium scintigraphy following an average oral dose of 5.4 mg/kg. Each patient's blood pressure was measured every 5 minutes for 1 hour after dipyridamole and compared with several clinical factors to determine if blood pressure change was predictable. In all patients, blood pressure changed from 136 +/- 21/83 +/- 15 (mean +/- 1 SD) to 117 +/- 25/72 +/- 15 following dipyridamole administration. One hundred nine of the 120 patients had a blood pressure decline from 137 +/- 21/82 +/- 12 to 113 +/- 21/70 +/- 13. Of the 109, 43% (N = 47) had a systolic blood pressure decline greater than 20 mmHg, 16% (n = 18) greater than 40 mmHg, and 13% (n = 14) greater than 50 mmHg. Thirteen percent (n = 14) required emergent reversal of the dipyridamole with aminophylline. Significant hypotension is relatively common but generally unpredictable after oral dipyridamole. Therefore, patient eligibility criteria should be carefully considered; strict hemodynamic monitoring must be routine in the usual patient undergoing thallium scintigraphy after oral dipyridamole challenge.
Biomonitoring and Biomarkers: Exposure Assessment Will Never Be the Same
Authors: Dennis Paustenbach, David Galbraith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Using modern analytical technology, it is now possible to measure almost any chemical present in our bodies. The future role of classical exposure assessment will perhaps be marginalized because biomonitoring programs can directly measure the concentration of chemicals that are present in biologic matrices. Although the concentration of chemicals in the environment will continue to be measured and related to exposure parameters, the prioritization of the national environmental agenda will be dictated by biomonitoring. Recent biomonitoring studies have examined the levels of > 200 chemicals. Biomonitoring data, by themselves, are not informative in helping consumers understand their individual health risk. A major challenge facing those who conduct biomonitoring programs is how to best communicate the information to the public. In this article, we review benefits and challenges, along with select results from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2005 National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. We recommend that these data be carefully interpreted, with the goal of establishing baseline exposure information, rather than creating surrogates for conclusions about human health risk.
Amenorrhoea during treatment with isotretinoin
Authors: N.H. Cox
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Amenorrhoea during treatment with isotretinoin Get access N.H. Cox N.H. Cox Department of Dermatoloy Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 6, 1 June 1988, Pages 857–858, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb02609.x Published: 01 June 1988
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE GALACTOSE TOLERANCE TEST
Authors: BENJAMIN M. BANKS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Since the introduction by Bauer<sup>1</sup>in 1906 of the galactose test as a method of determining hepatic function, there has been considerable difference of opinion among competent observers as to its practical value. The metabolism of this sugar has been studied intensively, both in this country and abroad, but its application to clinical material received only scanty consideration here until the appearance of the contribution of Shay, Schloss and Bell.<sup>2</sup>These authors have given an excellent review of the literature and have outlined the clinical application of the test. They have pointed out the many advantages of galactose as a test substance: (1) its availability in pure form, with freedom from associated gastro-intestinal upsets following its administration; (2) its prompt assimilation from the alimentary canal unchanged and its conversion into glycogen in the liver; (3) the apparent inability of the remainder of the organism to utilize or store
GENERAL IMPRESSIONS FROM SIX YEARS USE OF THE OLD TUBERCULIN.
Authors: JAMES T. WHITTAKER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Robert Koch announced the discovery of tuberculin at the Tenth International Congress at Berlin, August, 1890. The publicity of the occasion, the fame of the author, above all the defiance of the disease to all treatment hitherto, lent peculiar interest to the discovery. The suddenness of the announcement was another factor. No one had even an inkling of the work leading up to it. The declaration of the discovery of the tubercle bacillus in 1882, though credited by many of the members of the critical audience in the Berlin Physiological Society to which it was presented, met with so much scepticism in the profession at large as to have been practically disbelieved. Most of the leading medical journals discredited it; many of them derided it. When the truth asserted itself the disbelievers found themselves punished for incredulity. So, although the problem was harder, belief was easier on this occasion. In
RETRACTED: Sensory Neurons Regulate the Effector Functions of CD8+ T Cells in Controlling HSV-1 Latency Ex Vivo
Authors: Kartik Prabhakaran, Brian S. Sheridan, Paul R. Kinchington, Kamal M. Khanna, Vilma Decman, Kira Lathrop, Robert L. Hendricks
Journal: Immunity (2005)
Heteropolymerization of S, I, and Z α1-antitrypsin and liver cirrhosis
Authors: Ravi Mahadeva, Wun-Shaing W. Chang, Timothy R. Dafforn, Diana J. Oakley, Richard C. Foreman, Jacqueline Calvin, Derek G.D. Wight, David A. Lomas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

The association between Z α1-antitrypsin deficiency and juvenile cirrhosis is well-recognized, and there is now convincing evidence that the hepatic inclusions are the result of entangled polymers of mutant Z α1-antitrypsin. Four percent of the northern European Caucasian population are heterozygotes for the Z variant, but even more common is S α1-antitrypsin, which is found in up to 28% of southern Europeans. The S variant is known to have an increased susceptibility to polymerization, although this is marginal compared with the more conformationally unstable Z variant. There has been speculation that the two may interact to produce cirrhosis, but this has never been demonstrated experimentally. This hypothesis was raised again by the observation reported here of a mixed heterozygote for Z α1-antitrypsin and another conformationally unstable variant (I α1-antitrypsin; 39Arg→Cys) identified in a 34-year-old man with cirrhosis related to α1-antitrypsin deficiency. The conformational stability of the I variant has been characterized, and we have used fluorescence resonance energy transfer to demonstrate the formation of heteropolymers between S and Z α1-antitrypsin. Taken together, these results indicate that not only may mixed variants form heteropolymers, but that this can causally lead to the development of cirrhosis.
Dreaming during scientific papers: effects of added extrinsic material.
Authors: R F Harvey, M B Schullinger, A Stassinopoulos, E Winkle
Journal: BMJ (1983)

During a series of presentations of scientific papers 40.6% of 276 subjects reported dreaming, but only 18.1% actually fell asleep. The frequency of dreaming was significantly increased by the addition of either "very boring" or "very interesting" slides to the usual ones, but not by "neutral" slides. The recall of lecture content and the proportion of audience asleep were (surprisingly) not greatly affected by the addition of extraneous slides of any sort. On the other hand, adding "very interesting" slides greatly increases audience enjoyment.
'Desperate Use' Gene Therapy Guidelines Ready
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE RECOMBINANT DNA Advisory Committee, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md, has sent to the director an outline of the circumstances under which experimental human gene therapies may be approved in certain emergency situations. Director Bernadine Healy, MD, had asked the committee to develop a procedure for expeditiously approving gene therapy in dying patients. The principal points made in the proposal are the following: At all times, committee review of emergency protocols is preferred over internal review by NIH, but circumstances may arise in which this may not be feasible. A specific protocol for a terminally ill patient can be approved after internal review if undue delay is likely to result from sending the protocol to the committee. For example, if the next scheduled meeting of the committee were several weeks or months ahead, the patient would in effect be denied any benefit from the procedure since death would
Optical Nanosphere Sensor Based on Shell‐By‐Shell Fabrication for Removal of Toxic Metals from Human Blood
Authors: S. A. El‐Safty, S. Abdellatef, M. Ismael, A. Shahat
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Because toxic heavy metals tend to bioaccumulate, they represent a substantial human health hazard. Various methods are used to identify and quantify toxic metals in biological tissues and environment fluids, but a simple, rapid, and inexpensive system has yet to be developed. To reduce the necessity for instrument‐dependent analysis, we developed a single, pH‐dependent, nanosphere (NS) sensor for naked‐eye detection and removal of toxic metal ions from drinking water and physiological systems (i.e., blood). The design platform for the optical NS sensor is composed of double mesoporous core–shell silica NSs fabricated by one‐pot, template‐guided synthesis with anionic surfactant. The dense shell‐by‐shell NS construction generated a unique hierarchical NS sensor with a hollow cage interior to enable accessibility for continuous monitoring of several different toxic metal ions and efficient multi‐ion sensing and removal capabilities with respect to reversibility, longevity, selectivity, and signal stability. Here, we examined the application of the NS sensor for the removal of toxic metals (e.g., lead ions from a physiological system, such as human blood). The findings show that this sensor design has potential for the rapid screening of blood lead levels so that the effects of lead toxicity can be avoided.
The Rat cim Effect: TAP Allele-Dependent Changes in a Class I MHC Anchor Motif and Evidence Against C-Terminal Trimming of Peptides in the ER
Authors: Simon J Powis, Lesley L Young, Etienne Joly, Patrick J Barker, Louise Richardson, Remco P Brandt, Cornelis J Melief, Jonathan C Howard, Geoffrey W Butcher
Journal: Immunity (1996)

Functional polymorphism in the rat peptide transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) changes the peptide pool available for binding and presentation by a class I MHC allele, RT1.Aa. The peptide binding motif for RT1.Aa, determined by stabilization with synthetic peptides, included a strong preference for arginine at the peptide C terminus. Analysis of natural peptides bound to RT1.Aa by both pool sequencing and anhydrotrypsin chromatography revealed that TAP polymorphism determined the presence or absence of arginine as the peptide C-terminal residue. This result highlights the in vivo impact of TAP–peptide selectivity, and provides evidence against a high rate of generation of new C termini by protease activity in the endoplasmic reticulum.