tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of the transport pathway in hairless rat skin enhanced by low-frequency sonophoresis based on the solute–water transport relationship and confocal microscopy
Authors: Yasunori Morimoto, Mizue Mutoh, Hideo Ueda, Liang Fang, Kotaro Hirayama, Mahito Atobe, Daisuke Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
Helicobacter pylori Eradication: The Best Long-Term Prophylaxis for Ulcer Bleeding Recurrence?
Authors: D. Jaspersen
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Peptic ulcer is the most common cause of acute intestinal hemorrhage. Helicobacter pylori is now accepted as being a pathogenetic agent in chronic active gastritis, and is strongly associated with ulcer disease. Eradication of H. pylori reduces significantly the rate of ulcer recurrence. Preliminary data demonstrate that rebleeding did not occur in patients with complicated ulcers whose H. pylori infection had been eradicated. That this should be the case follows logically from the fact that, if ulcer relapses are eliminated, the associated hemorrhage must also be eliminated. Recent publications on this topic are discussed in this review article.
Coronary Artery Calcium Score
Authors: Tamar S. Polonsky, Roger S. Blumenthal, Philip Greenland
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
1252 Homozygosity for the alcoholdehydrogenase 3*1 allele is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-induced cirrhosis
Authors: F STICKEL, N HOMANN, M BENESOVA, I ZUBER, S RICHTER, C HELLERBRAND, H BLUM, C HEROLD, D SCHUPPAN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
EUS-guided tissue sampling: comparison of ”dual sampling” (Trucut biopsy plus FNA) with ”sequential sampling” (Trucut biopsy and then FNA as required)
Authors: G. Aithal, G. Anagnostopoulos, W. Tam, J. Dean, A. Zaitoun, G. Kocjan, K. Ragunath, S. Pereira
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de G. P. Aithal et al., pp. 725Endoscopy 2007; 39(08): 846-847DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1308862
Tyrosine phosphorylation of DEP-1/CD148 as a mechanism controlling Src kinase activation, endothelial cell permeability, invasion, and capillary formation
Authors: Kathleen Spring, Catherine Chabot, Simon Langlois, Line Lapointe, Nguyen Thu Ngan Trinh, Christine Caron, Jagoda K. Hebda, Julie Gavard, Mounib Elchebly, Isabelle Royal
Journal: Blood (2012)
Serial Angiographic Follow-Up of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Revascularization
Authors: Matthew J. Price, Ecaterina Cristea, Neil Sawhney, John A. Kao, Jeffrey W. Moses, Martin B. Leon, Ricardo A. Costa, Alexandra J. Lansky, Paul S. Teirstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Arterial remodeling in atherosclerosis, restenosis and after alteration of blood flow: potential mechanisms and clinical implications
Authors: G Pasterkamp
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Arterial remodeling is currently being recognized as an important determinant in vascular pathology in which narrowing of the lumen is the predominant feature. Not only expansive remodeling (enlargement), but also constrictive remodeling (shrinkage) is observed in de novo atherosclerosis, in restenosis and in transplant vasculopathy. Expansive remodeling prevents and constrictive remodeling enhances luminal narrowing by plaque formation or intimal hyperplasia. The mechanisms of the opposite remodeling modes is unknown. Insight into the processes that determine the direction of local arterial remodeling may help to develop new strategies to prevent arterial occlusive disease. In the present paper the current status of research in the field of arterial remodeling in cardiovascular disease is reviewed. Mechanisms of arterial remodeling, potential interventions to influence the mode of remodeling as well as the methodological limitations of remodeling studies are discussed.
Comparison of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Optic Disc Imaging for Diagnosing Glaucoma in Patients Suspected of Having the Disease
Authors: Felipe A. Medeiros, Gianmarco Vizzeri, Linda M. Zangwill, Luciana M. Alencar, Pamela A. Sample, Robert N. Weinreb
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
The Relative Importance of Unmeasured Covariates in Racial/Ethnic Disparities Research
Authors: Derek C. Angus, Walter T. Linde-Zwirble, Amber E. Barnato, Sherri L. Alexander
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

To the Editor:Dr. Barnato and colleagues (1) present results from a populationbased analysis of race-specific incidence and case fatality in severe sepsis.Using hospital discharge data from six states, the authors determined that the rate of severe sepsis for blacks was almost double that of whites.We commend the authors for documenting this racial/ethnic disparity.Identifying disparities in health outcomes and treatment effects is an important first step in eventually curtailing their occurrence.An important subsequent step involves appropriately identifying the fundamental causes of such disparities.It is here that we take issue with the article.Confronted with a residual association between race/ethnicity and sepsis incidence after adjusting for measured confounders, the authors acknowledge that unmeasured confounders may be the cause.This is the most obvious conclusion given the crude indicators of social status used in their analysis.However, they are more enthusiastic about a second possibility: unexplained racial disparities in sepsis incidence could be due to ''different genetic susceptibility to sepsis between blacks and whites.''The common argument that, after accounting for social/environmental factors, genetic differences are responsible for residual racial disparities in complex diseases is flawed for several reasons (2-4).From a purely probabilistic standpoint, even in situations where social factors can be measured without error, and are appropriately accounted for in the analysis, social/ environmental explanations for the higher rates of sepsis among black patients are far more likely than genetic ones (2, 5).This is because the variability in social/environmental factors that influence health across racial/ethnic groups (e.g., education, health insurance, poverty) is orders of magnitude greater than any genetic variability between groups (4).In other words, race is likely to be much more highly correlated with social/environmental factors than with genetic factors.The authors' enthusiasm for future research efforts that would determine the genetic basis of racial differences in the pathophysiology of sepsis ignores the fact that race serves as a risk factor for both genetic and environmental effects.Issues of confounding, coupled with the weak correlation between human genetic diversity and racial/ethnic categories, will ultimately limit the promise of such research efforts (6).While we appreciate the assertion that ''hypotheses regarding potential race-associated differences in innate susceptibility do not belie the [importance of] differences in healthy lifestyles,'' we feel that the purported genetic and biologic differences between blacks and whites with sepsis are mainly conjecture and detract from the known social and environmental causes that likely explain the vast majority of the difference.
Atypical Protein Kinase Cι Is an Oncogene in Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Roderick P. Regala, Capella Weems, Lee Jamieson, Andras Khoor, Eric S. Edell, Christine M. Lohse, Alan P. Fields
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes have long been implicated in carcinogenesis. However, little is known about the functional significance of these enzymes in human cancer. We recently showed that the atypical PKC (aPKC) isozyme PKCι is overexpressed in human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and that PKCι plays a critical role in the transformed growth of the human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Here we provide compelling evidence that PKCι is an oncogene in NSCLC based on the following criteria: (a) aPKCι is overexpressed in the vast majority of primary NSCLC tumors; (b) tumor PKCι expression levels predict poor survival in patients with NSCLC; (c) the PKCι gene is frequently amplified in established NSCLC cell lines and primary NSCLC tumors; (d) gene amplification drives PKCι expression in NSCLC cell lines and primary NSCLC tumors; and (e) disruption of PKCι signaling with a dominant negative PKCι allele blocks the transformed growth of human NSCLC cells harboring PKCι gene amplification. Taken together, our data provide conclusive evidence that PKCι is required for the transformed growth of NSCLC cells and that the PKCι gene is a target for tumor-specific genetic alteration by amplification. Interestingly, PKCι expression predicts poor survival in NSCLC patients independent of tumor stage. Therefore, PKCι expression profiling may be useful in identifying early-stage NSCLC patients at elevated risk of relapse. Our functional data indicate that PKCι is an attractive target for development of novel, mechanism-based therapeutics to treat NSCLC.
Fluoxetine and Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Heather S. Hopkins
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Hollander<sup>1</sup>states that fluoxetine has a 1.9% incidence of sexual dysfunction, with impotence or ejaculatory problems occurring in less than 1% of patients. Although the<i>Physicians' Desk Reference</i>lists 1.9% as the rate of sexual dysfunction with fluoxetine,<sup>2</sup>several case series and open studies have found rates ranging from 7.8% to 75%.3 The most common sexual problem associated with fluoxetine in these reports is anorgasmia. In one survey, 60 consecutive male patients who received fluoxetine (20 mg/d) were specifically questioned about ejaculatory changes, and 45 (75%) reported retarded ejaculation or ejaculatory incompetence.<sup>3</sup> Hollander also states that he is unaware of any information on whether fluoxetine has a direct effect on improving sexual dysfunction. There are a few reports in the literature that suggest that fluoxetine's "adverse" sexual effects may be beneficial for some patients. Stratta et al<sup>4</sup>found fluoxetine helpful for two
THE TREATMENT OF BRONCHO-PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN.Read In the Section on Diseases of Children at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: FRANK S. PARSONS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

A comfortable room, well ventilated, and good cleanly surroundings are as essential to the successful treatment of broncho-pneumonia as any other disease. Care should be exercised to prevent all undue exposure to sudden changes of temperature, draughts of air, etc., which will in any way increase the liability of contracting a "cold," or aggravating one when already contracted. The child, sick with bronchial inflammation, should be clad in a warm, long nightdress made of soft flannel, or cotton flannel, and kept in the same and in bed, until the severity of the disease has passed, unless absolutely necessary to make a change for the sake of cleanliness. In the first place, in these cases of broncho-pneumonia, it is well to direct that a chest protector be made of eiderdown flannel, which is warm and thick, besides being very soft and unirritating. This can be easily made out of one piece,
Effects of Enprofylline and Theophylline on Exercise‐Induced Asthma
Authors: L. C. Laursen, N. Johannesson, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1985)

Eight asthmatic out‐patients with a history of exercise‐induced asthma (EIA) were randomly treated with intravenously administered enprofylline 1.5 mg/kg b.wt., theophylline 5 mg/kg b.wt., and placebo immediately prior to a 6‐min exercise provocation in this double‐blind crossover comparison. A reduction in peak flow of more than 20% was seen in all patients after placebo pre‐treatment. Mean plasma concentrations at the start of the exercise test were 3.3 mg/1 and 13.2 mg/1 after 20 min infusion of enprofylline and theophylline, respectively. The corresponding figures 25 min later were 2.3 and 11.7, respectively. Maximal fall in peak expiratory flow (PEF) after exercise in percent of pre‐exercise PEF was 49%± 6% (mean ± SEM), 39%± 6% and 24%± 5% after infusion of placebo, enprofylline, and theophylline, respectively. Theophylline produced a statistically significant better protection against EIA compared to enprofylline and placebo. Enprofylline produced a slight protection from EIA not statistically significantly different from placebo.
Clinical Trial Designs for Predictive Marker Validation in Cancer Treatment Trials
Authors: Daniel J. Sargent, Barbara A. Conley, Carmen Allegra, Laurence Collette
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Current staging and risk-stratification methods in oncology, while helpful, fail to adequately predict malignancy aggressiveness and/or response to specific treatment. Increased knowledge of cancer biology is generating promising marker candidates for more accurate diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and therapeutic targeting. To apply these exciting results to maximize patient benefit, a disciplined application of well-designed clinical trials for assessing the utility of markers should be used. In this article, we first review the major issues to consider when designing a clinical trial assessing the usefulness of a predictive marker. We then present two classes of clinical trial designs: the Marker by Treatment Interaction Design and the Marker-Based Strategy Design. In the first design, we assume that the marker splits the population into groups in which the efficacy of a particular treatment will differ. This design can be viewed as a classical randomized clinical trial with upfront stratification for the marker. In the second design, after the marker status is known, each patient is randomly assigned either to have therapy determined by their marker status or to receive therapy independent of marker status. The predictive value of the marker is assessed by comparing the outcome of all patients in the marker-based arm to that of all of the patients in the non-marker-based arm. We present detailed sample size calculations for a specific clinical scenario. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two trial designs and their appropriateness to specific clinical situations to assist investigators seeking to design rigorous, marker-based clinical trials.
Opportunities in British Medicine
Authors: J. W. Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1967)

mum= therapy than biochemical estimations alone.We would therefore respectfully suggest that before reaching a conclusion on Dr. Friedman's study with regard to clinical activity one must first correlate this latter with the plasma 1l-OHCS curves described.We would, however, repeat that we have no desire to produce a long-acting A.C.T.H. preparation which has an identical duration of action to any other prolonged A.C.T.H. at present available.We would maintain that A.C.T.H./c.m.c.represents a highly purified long-acting A.C.T.H. preparation with a therapeutic action which is similar to A.C.T.H. gelatin and every other natural A.C.T.H. prepara- tion, but which has two additional practical advantages-the first is its liquid nature and the second is its stability.These properties facilitate subcutaneous injection and make self-administration a more practical form of A.C.T.H. therapy for the outpatient.The necessity of warming a heat labile compound before administration is avoided.-Iam, etc.,
Call me by my true name
Authors: Mary E Black
Journal: BMJ (2007)

I have been called many things in my time, but Senile Prima Gravida was perhaps the most insulting. Fit as a fiddle, oozing health and vitality, I had to walk seething round the outpatient department carrying that stupid chart with the irritating slogan in big bold print on the front cover.

There are so many alternatives that would have added a touch of dignity and even glamour. Emeritus pregnancy. Master pregnancy. Senior pregnancy. Very Interesting Pregnancy (VIP). Medically Unusual and Distinguished pregnancy (MUD). Or even better, “Mary E Black's remarkable and unique …
Carbenicillin and Gentamicin
Authors: George A. Jacoby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Pseudomonas infections have been difficult to treat and distressingly common in hospitalized patients, especially those with impaired host defenses. Consequently, carbenicillin and gentamicin were welcome additions to the limited number of antipseudomonas antibiotics available. Disodium alphacarboxybenzylpenicillin, or carbenicillin, resembles ampicillin in its spectrum of antibacterial activity but has additional effectiveness for indole-positive proteus strains and, in high but clinically attainable concentration, against most isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Carbenicillin is often ineffective against members of the klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia group and occasionally inactive for Escherichia coli. Gentamicin, on the other hand, is broadly effective against aerobic gram-negative bacteria, in large part . . .
Protracted anuria due to active renal vasoconstriction in malignant hypertension.
Authors: A Meyrier, J P Laaban, A Kanfer
Journal: BMJ (1984)

age was 61-9 years, 15 had rheumatoid arthritis (duration three to 26 years), two seronegative polyarthritis, one ankylosing spondylitis, and three osteoarthritis.In this group the mean serum concentration of urea was 7 04 mol/l (42 g/100 ml) (normal range 2-5-7-5 tsmol/l (15-45 ,4g/100 ml)) and of creatinine 87-5 pmol/l (0-99 mg/100 ml) (normal range 50-140 pmol/l (0-6-1-6 mg/100 ml)).All these patients were taking at least two drugs: 12 were receiving a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, 13 an analgesic, two sodium aurothiomalate, and four penicillamine.None was diagnosed as having amyloidosis. CommentIn this group of patients with severe arthritis there was an un- expectedly high prevalence of renal proximal tubular dysfunction.A survey of 500 healthy adults showed tubular abnormality in under 1%.4 Tubular dysfunction as severe as that seen in this study has not previously been recognised in rheumatic diseases.Our results show that tubular dysfunction is not obviously specific to a disease or drug, although it may be more common in longstanding rheumatoid arthritis.
Core 2 branching β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and high endothelial cell N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfotransferase exert differential control over B- and T-lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph nodes
Authors: Jean-Marc Gauguet, Steven D. Rosen, Jamey D. Marth, Ulrich H. von Andrian
Journal: Blood (2004)
TV: Sultans of spin
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Panorama “Spin doctors,” BBC1, Monday 13 March at 10 pm

“Saving the NHS” was one of the key planks of the Labour party's election campaign, so convincing the electorate that this is happening has emerged as one of the main priorities of the government. This television programme argued that separating the substance of the government's claims about the NHS from the spin applied by its propaganda machine has become almost impossible.

Statements about spending on the health service have been the slipperiest. In 1998 a spending increase of £21bn over the following three years was announced. Later it emerged that half this sum resulted from triple counting—a practice decried by the Treasury select committee. It said that, for the sake of transparency, the government should refer to annual increases over the previous year rather than to cumulative totals—advice since ignored by the prime minister no fewer than 30 times. …
Combination Bleomycin, Ifosfamide, and Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Cervical Cancer
Authors: E. J. Buxton, C. A. Meanwell, C. Hilton, J. J. Mould, D. Spooner, A. Chetiyawardana, T. Latief, M. Paterson, C.W. Redman, D. M. Luesley, G. R. Blackledge
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

We report a phase II study of bleomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (BIP) in cervical cancer. Our aims were to assess response rate, toxicity, and survival in women treated with this combination. Among 49 patients, 34 objective responses (69%) were seen, with 10 complete responses (20%). Toxic effects were assessed in 186 treatment cycles. All patients had alopecia and nausea and vomiting. Other effects included myelosuppression, infection, reduction in renal function, and disturbance of consciousness. These data indicate that BIP is highly active against advanced and recurrent cervical cancer.
Prebiotics and synbiotics: two promising approaches for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children above 2 years
Authors: T. Passeron, J.‐P. Lacour, E. Fontas, J.‐P. Ortonne
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Appropriate use of prebiotics and optimal combinations of probiotics and prebiotics (synbiotics) could allow significantly better results to be obtained in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of synbiotics when compared with prebiotics alone (control group) in the treatment of moderate and severe AD in children aged 2 years and over. Methods: Double‐blind prospective randomized study performed on children aged at least 2 years presenting AD with a minimum SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) score of 15. A dose of 1.2 × 10 9 colony‐forming units Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lcr35 plus prebiotic preparation or an identically appearing prebiotic preparation alone was given three times a day for 3 months. Patients’ diet and usual treatment for AD remained unchanged during the study period. Efficiency was evaluated using the SCORAD score. Use of topical drugs was noted. Results: A total of 48 patients were originally enrolled; nine did not complete the study. In synbiotic group, the mean values of the total SCORAD score was 39.1 before treatment vs 20.7 after 3 months of treatment ( P &lt; 0.0001). In the prebiotic group, the mean of the total SCORAD score was 39.3 before the treatment vs 24.0 after 3 months ( P &lt; 0.0001). After 3 months of treatment, no statistical differences between the two treatment groups with regard to the total SCORAD score were noted ( P = 0.535). Neither were there any statistical differences in the total use of ointment between patients receiving prebiotics or synbiotics ( P = 0.966) over the study period. Tolerance was excellent in both groups. Conclusions: Both synbiotics and prebiotics used alone seem able to significantly improve the manifestations of AD in children aged 2 years and over.