tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lecture Notes on Haematology.
Authors: Nevin Campbell Hughes-Jones
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Preface to the Seventh Edition.Preface to the First Edition.Acknowledgements.1. Normal Haemoglobin, Blood Cells and Haemopoiesis.2. Anaemia and Polycythaemia: General Considerations.3. Haemolytic Anaemias.4. Iron Metabolism, Iron Deficiency Anaemia, Other Hypochromic Microcytic Anaemias and Iron Overload.5. Macrocytosis and Macrocytic Anaemia.6. Conditions Causing White Cell Abnormalities.7. Structure and Function of Lymphoid Tissue.8. Lymphomas: General Principles.9. Classification of Lymphoma.10. Hodgkin's Lymphomas and Some of the Commoner Clinical Entities of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas, Including ALL and CLL.11. Myeloma and Other Paraproteinaemias.12. Neoplastic Disorders of Myeloid Cells.13. Bone Marrow Transplantation.14. Aplastic Anaemia and Pure Red Cell Aplasia.15. Haemostasis, Abnormal Bleeding and Anticoagulant Therapy.16. Blood Transfusion and Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn.17. Basic Haematological Techniques and Reference Ranges.18. Further Reading.Index
Translational Horizons in the Tumor Microenvironment: Harnessing Breakthroughs and Targeting Cures
Authors: Yu Sun
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2015)

Chemotherapy and targeted therapy have opened new avenues in clinical oncology. However, there is a lack of response in a substantial percentage of cancer patients and diseases frequently relapse in those who even initially respond. Resistance is, at present, the major barrier to conquering cancer, the most lethal age-related pathology. Identification of mechanisms underlying resistance and development of effective strategies to circumvent treatment pitfalls thereby improving clinical outcomes remain overarching tasks for scientists and clinicians. Growing bodies of data indicate that stromal cells within the genetically stable but metabolically dynamic tumor microenvironment confer acquired resistance against anticancer therapies. Further, treatment itself activates the microenvironment by damaging a large population of benign cells, which can drastically exacerbate disease conditions in a cell nonautonomous manner, and such off-target effects should be well taken into account when establishing future therapeutic rationale. In this review, we highlight relevant biological mechanisms through which the tumor microenvironment drives development of resistance. We discuss some unsolved issues related to the preclinical and clinical trial paradigms that need to be carefully devised, and provide implications for personalized medicine. In the long run, an insightful and accurate understanding of the intricate signaling networks of the tumor microenvironment in pathological settings will guide the design of new clinical interventions particularly combinatorial therapies, and it might help overcome, or at least prevent, the onset of acquired resistance.
A systematic, high-resolution linkage of the cytogenetic and physical maps of the human genome
Authors: Ilan R. Kirsch, Eric D. Green, Raluca Yonescu, Robert Strausberg, Nigel Carter, David Bentley, Margaret A. Leversha, Ian Dunham, Valerie V. Braden, Eva Hilgenfeld, Greg Schuler, Alex E. Lash, Grace L. Shen, Maria Martelli, W. Michael Kuehl, Richard D. Klausner, Thomas Ried
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
Being unpatriotic for our country
Authors: Steven H Woolf
Journal: BMJ (2003)

From BMJ USA 2003;Mar:118 

Lyndon Johnson was displeased in February 1968 when Walter Cronkite, the most trusted man in America, spoke out against the Vietnam War. Johnson later said, “If I've lost Cronkite, I've lost middle America.” Perhaps it was unpatriotic to not support the White House, but Cronkite was being unpatriotic for his country.

Now, 35 years later, Cronkite has done it again. In an interview on CNN, he spoke out against war with Iraq. “We might win a war and never establish a peace again with those people.”'

Cronkite's views on terrorism are interesting. “We have been warned …
EGFR, Bcl-2, p53, and cox-2 are associated with tumor stage, response to treatment, and survival in Korean nasopharyngeal carcinomas
Authors: Youn Soo Lee, Chang Suk Kang, Sang In Shim, Yeon-Sil Kim, Jin-Hyoung Kang, So-Lyung Jung, Bum-Soo Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4481 

Backgound: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a unique tumor displaying quite different pathogenesis, biological behavior, and treatment strategies compared to head and neck cancer occurring other sites. According to WHO classification, NPC is divided into three histological categories including keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, non-keratinizing carcinoma, and undifferentiating carcinoma. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate an association between the expression of EGFR, Bcl-2, p53, and cox-2 and clinical parameters of NPC. In addition, we wanted to identify whether they could be utilized as a biomarker. Method: Seventy-five locoregionally advanced NPC patients, pathologically diagnosed at Kangnam St. Mary’s Hospital and St Mary’s Hospital from 1992 to 2003 and treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) as induction treatment, were enrolled into our study. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression of EGFR, Bcl-2, p53, and cox-2 were evaluated on paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. Their labeling indices were counted as the percentage of nuclear staining cells and were scored semi-quantitatively. We statistically analyzed a relationship between their expres sion levels of EGFR, Bcl-2, p53, cox-2 and WHO classification, TNM stage, tumor response to CCRT, disease free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: EGFR positive rate was 87.5% (66/75) and grading of its expression was significantly correlated with TNM stage (P=0.05). Bcl-2, showing 66.7% of positive rate (51/75) was correlated only with WHO classification. The expression of p53 (83.3%) had significant correlation with OS (P=0.043), but no correlations with staging and tumor response were found. Meanwhile, cox-2 immunoreactivity, detected in 86.1% (65/75), was significantly associated with lymph node response, DFS, and OS (P=0.049, 0.05, 0.0232, respectively). Conclusion: Taken together, it is considered that these four molecules might play important roles in carcinogenesis and tumor progression of NPC. Based on the interesting evidence that cox-2 expression was correlated with major clinical outcomes, the cox-2 inhibitors, known to potentiate the anti-tumor effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation in preclinical studies, will be exploited in future clinical trials for treatment of NPCs.
Lyme Disease Vaccine ApprovedFDA Conference on Human Subject ProtectionJournal Editors Act to Enhance Reporting of Public Health HazardsReporting Adverse Events and Product Problems ElectronicallyLyme Disease Vaccine ApprovedFDA Conference on Human Subject ProtectionJournal Editors Act to Enhance Reporting of Public Health HazardsReporting Adverse Events and Product Problems Electronically
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 5250: Novel Receptor Mas Peptide Ligands Demonstrate Cardio-Protection and Vascular Relaxation
Authors: Robson A Santos, Silvia Q Savergnini, Danielle Ianzer, Mariana Braga, Ana Paula Nadu, Fabiana Costa-Fraga, Galit Rotman, Gady Cojocaru, Roberto R Lauther, Kyan J Allahdadi, Denise M Silva, Gisele Maia, Yossi Cohen, Beatrix Fauler, Alvair P Almeida, Merav Beiman
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Guardianship and End-of-Life Decision Making
Authors: Andrew B. Cohen, Megan S. Wright, Leo Cooney, Terri Fried
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

As the population ages, more adults will develop impaired decision-making capacity and have no family members or friends available to make medical decisions on their behalf. In such situations, a professional guardian is often appointed by the court. This official has no preexisting relationship with the impaired individual but is paid to serve as a surrogate decision maker. When a professional guardian is faced with decisions concerning life-sustaining treatment, substituted judgment may be impossible, and reports have repeatedly suggested that guardians are reluctant to make the decision to limit care. Physicians are well positioned to assist guardians with these decisions and safeguard the rights of the vulnerable persons they represent. Doing so effectively requires knowledge of the laws governing end-of-life decisions by guardians. However, physicians are often uncertain about whether guardians are empowered to withhold treatment and when their decisions require judicial review. To address this issue, we analyzed state guardianship statutes and reviewed recent legal cases to characterize the authority of a guardian over choices about end-of-life treatment. We found that most state guardianship statutes have no language about end-of-life decisions. We identified 5 legal cases during the past decade that addressed a guardian's authority over these decisions, and only 1 case provided a broad framework applicable to clinical practice. Work to improve end-of-life decision making by guardians may benefit from a multidisciplinary effort to develop comprehensive standards to guide clinicians and guardians when treatment decisions need to be made.
Endothelial L‐selectin ligand expression in nasal polyps
Authors: F. A. Ebbens, S. K. Toppila‐Salmi, J. A. Renkonen, R. L. O. Renkonen, J. Mullol, C. M. Van Drunen, W. J. Fokkens
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Abstract Background: L‐selectins on leukocytes and their counter‐receptors on endothelial cells have been shown to be involved in leukocyte recruitment in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (NP). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression level of functionally active endothelial L‐selectin ligands in NP obtained from patients with NP of different etiology [simple NP, antro‐choanal polyps (ACP) and cystic fibrosis (CF) NP] and inferior turbinate specimens of healthy controls and to compare these levels to the presence of various leukocyte subsets. Methods: Nasal polyp specimens and healthy nasal mucosa specimens were obtained from patients undergoing surgery and were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies detecting CD34, sialyl Lewis x (sLe x ) of sulfated extended core 1 lactosamines and various leukocyte subsets. Results: All NP are characterized by a decrease in the number of CD34+ vessels. The number of eosinophils and the percentage of vessels expressing endothelial sulfated sLe x epitopes is upregulated in all groups of simple NP. Tissue eosinophilia is increased in those patients with increased disease severity (acetyl salicylic acid intolerance), but the percentage of endothelial sulfated sLe x epitopes is not. Results on CF NP are similar to those observed for simple NP. Antro‐choanal polyps, on the contrary, are characterized by low numbers of tissue eosinophils and relatively few vessels expressing endothelial sulfated sLe x epitopes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that functionally active L‐selectin ligands might play a role in guiding leukocyte traffic into NP in patients with simple NP and CF NP but not ACP.
480. Magnetofection To Enhance Transfection Efficiency of Large Genomic Context Vectors In Vitro
Authors: Tristan Y. Montier, Laura Hyndman, A. Christopher Boyd, Catherine Payne, Ann Doherty, Pascal Delepine, Claude Ferec, David Porteous
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common recessive lethal inherited disorder among Caucasian populations. The genetic basis of cystic fibrosis was resolved in 1989 when the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene was cloned. Until recently, few CF patients survived childhood and other than transplantation, there is no effective therapy for CF lung disease. The realisation of gene therapy represents the best hope for these patients.
Abstract 13515: Complete Disruption of All Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes Causes Markedly Accelerated Renal Remodeling in Mice in Vivo
Authors: Masato Tsutsui, Naoya Morisada, Masayoshi Nomura, Tetsuro Matsumoto, Akira Shirahata, Nobuyuki Yanagihara, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Due to substantial interactions among 3 nitric oxide (NO) synthases (NOSs), the role of NO derived from all NOSs in renal remodeling is not completely understood. We addressed this issu...
Abstract 16695: Rapid Activation Patterns Identified by Computational Analysis of Multielectrode Endocardial Recordings During Atrial Fibrillation in Humans
Authors: John D Hummel, Ziad Zeidan, Steven J Kalbfleisch, Mahmoud Houmsse, Ralph Augostini, Raul Weiss, Emile Daoud
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Computational analysis of 64-electrode basket catheter (BC) recordings of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been used to generate visually-identified electrical rotors and focal sources that are then targeted for radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to assess BC maps of right (RA) and left (LA) atria during AF in humans using a novel software, CartoFinder™ (CF) (Biosense Webster, CA, USA), which was developed to identify rapid activation patterns (RAP) and incorporate them into a 3D mapping system, CARTO. Methods: 20 patients who were undergoing RFA AF utilizing CARTO mapping and who consented were enrolled. 1 minute BC maps of the RA and LA were obtained after creation of a 3D virtual anatomic shell prior to and after RFA around the pulmonary veins (PV). There were no complications. BC maps were analyzed by CF post procedure. CF annotates the leading edge of RAP with red color (see figure). Results: Of these 20 patients, CF recordings were complete in 14 pts (mean age 59; 12 persistent AF). There were 2.8 RAP / pt. The RA RAP were located septum (n = 9), anterolateral (n=5), and posterior (n = 3) walls. The LA RAP were located anterior (n = 8), roof (n=7), and posterior (n = 7) walls. RFA was delivered on top of (n=10), within 5mm (n = 4), or distant (n=10) from any RAP. Post PV isolation, there was a 45% reduction in RAP vs pre-RFA; and, 11 pts converted to sinus (n=7) or transitioned to flutter (n=4). Conclusions: CF is a novel software algorithm incorporated into CARTO that identifies RAP in the RA and LA. RFA around the PV only results in 45% reduction of RAP, suggesting that RFA beyond traditional PV isolation is required to eliminate the bulk of RAP.
India's doctors issue new hypertension guidelines
Authors: Rohit Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2001)

With a rising prevalence of hypertension in the Indian population in the past 50 years and increasing cardiovascular disease, several associations of Indian doctors jointly issued detailed guidelines for hypertension control at the annual conference of the Association of Physicians of India last week.

“We know that Indians are racially different from others and the risk factors for cardiovascular disease defined for us are different from those for other populations, such as Caucasians or Africans, as we are more prone to heart disease,” said Dr Gurpreet Wander, a member of the group that formulated the guidelines.

“We also need our own …
Hydrogen sulphide: novel opportunity for drug discovery
Authors: Alma Martelli, Lara Testai, Maria Cristina Breschi, Corrado Blandizzi, Agostino Virdis, Stefano Taddei, Vincenzo Calderone
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2010)

Abstract Hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) is emerging as an important endogenous modulator, which exhibits the beneficial effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the cardiovascular (CV) system, without producing toxic metabolites. H 2 S is biosynthesized in mammalian tissues by cystathionine‐β‐synthase and cystathionine‐γ‐lyase. H 2 S exhibits the antioxidant properties of inorganic and organic sulphites, behaving as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. There is also clear evidence that H 2 S triggers other important effects, mainly mediated by the activation of ATP‐sensitive potassium channels (K ATP ). This mechanism accounts for the vasorelaxing and cardioprotective effects of H 2 S. Furthermore, H 2 S inhibits smooth muscle proliferation and platelet aggregation. In non‐CV systems, H 2 S regulates the functions of the central nervous system, as well as respiratory, gastroenteric, and endocrine systems. Conversely, H 2 S deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Likewise, impairment of H 2 S biosynthesis is involved in CV complications associated with diabetes mellitus. There is also evidence of a cross‐talk between the H 2 S and the endothelial NO pathways. In particular, recent observations indicate a possible pathogenic link between deficiencies of H 2 S activity and the progress of endothelial dysfunction. These biological aspects of endogenous H 2 S have led several authors to look at this mediator as “the new NO” that has given attractive opportunities to develop innovative classes of drugs. In this review, the main biological actions of H 2 S are discussed. Moreover, some examples of H 2 S‐donors are shown, as well as some hybrids, in which H 2 S‐releasing moieties are added to well‐known drugs, for improving their pharmacodynamic profile or reducing the potential for adverse effects, are reported.
Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Paul J Roach, Marika Bajc
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: In their review article, Agnelli and Becattini (July 15 issue) 1 discuss many important topics in acute pulmonary embolism.We would like to highlight the importance of the use of pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of this condition, since substantial technical developments have been introduced in recent years. 2,3 Continued improvements include the use of parallel imaging, angiography technique, and pulmonary perfusion, 2-4 with the latter showing the most promise for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. 3However, even in protocols without pulmonary perfusion, large studies have shown good results with the use of MRI. 5 Overall, the combined MRI protocol was both reliable and sensitive, with results similar to those obtained with 16-slice multidetector computed tomography (CT). 3MRI has potential advantages over CT, including a radiation-free method, a better safety profile for contrast material, and capability of functional imaging. 4MRI might therefore be considered as a valuable alternative in the assessment of suspected pulmonary embolism in certain groups of patients.
An allelic series of miR-17∼92–mutant mice uncovers functional specialization and cooperation among members of a microRNA polycistron
Authors: Yoon-Chi Han, Joana A Vidigal, Ping Mu, Evelyn Yao, Irtisha Singh, Alvaro J González, Carla P Concepcion, Ciro Bonetti, Paul Ogrodowski, Brett Carver, Licia Selleri, Doron Betel, Christina Leslie, Andrea Ventura
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Skin Manifestations of AIDS
Authors: Neal S. Penneys
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

1. AIDS - its Pathogenesis, Classification and Epidemiology 2. Early Cutaneous Signs and Symptoms of HIV 3. Superficial Fungal and Protozoal Infections 4. Disseminated Fungal and Protozoal Infections 5. Bacterial and Complex Infections 6. Veneral Disease 7. Cutaneous Viral Disease in AIDS 8. Cutaneous Presentations of Malignancy in AIDS 9. Mucosal Lesions 10. Paediatric AIDS 11. Pruritic, Papular and Follicular Eruptions 12. Misvellaneouse Dermatoses 13. Drug Reactions
Susceptibility of European Escherichia coli clinical isolates from intra-abdominal infections, extended-spectrum β-lactamase occurrence, resistance distribution, and molecular characterization of ertapenem-resistant isolates (SMART 2008–2009)
Authors: S.P. Hawser, S.K. Bouchillon, C. Lascols, M. Hackel, D.J. Hoban, R.E. Badal, R. Canton
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
HCV Mystery Solved
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 11273: Impact of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering Therapy on Left Atrial Volume and Function Assessed by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Elderly Hypertensive Patients with Preserved Systolic Function
Authors: Takashi Kato, Masanori Kawasaki, Ryuhei Tanaka, Koji Ono, Takatomo Watanabe, Humitaka Tokoro, Reiko Matsuoka, Shintaro Abe, Yoshiaki Goto, Tomoko Hirose, Tai Kojima, Makoto Iwama, Shunichiro Warita, Takeshi Hirose, Toshiyuki Noda, Sachiro Watanabe, Shinya Minatoguchi
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Backbround:  The risk of atrial fibrillation associated with left atrial (LA) remodeling is increasing in elderly hypertension (HTN) and LA volume and function have a prognostic importance. However, optimal target blood pressure (BP) for LA in elderly remains unclear. We assessed the hypothesis that intensive BP lowering therapy has a beneficial effect on LA structure and function in elderly HTN.   Methods:  We studied 265 subjects with age≥65 yrs, who were divided into 4 groups by mean office BP for 2 years; normal subjects (n=73, 75±5 yrs, 37 men), intensive controlled HTN (BP   Results:  There was no difference in LV ejection fraction among 4 groups. LA volume, LAEF, LA strain and SR in intensive controlled HTN were more preserved than good or poor controlled HTN and were comparable to normal including diastolic function. Comparisons are shown in the table.   Conclusions:  LA structure and LA function such as relaxation, conduit function and contraction were preserved in intensive controlled HTN associated with preserved diastolic function. Intensive BP lowering therapy (systolic BP