tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bed requirements for undergraduate teaching.
Authors: P R Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1981)

In 1709 Hermann Boerhaave was appointed professor of botany and medicine at Leyden and proceeded to make that university the centre of clinical teaching in Europe. He had 12 beds at his disposal. Few modern professors would be content with this modest allocation but it is probably true that if teaching were exclusively conducted by case demonstrations a few beds might suffice. It is, however, the universal practice in British medical schools to require students to clerk patients personally in sizable numbers and for this many more beds are required. The Secretary of State for Social Services has a statutory duty under the NHS Reorganisation Act of 19731 to make available such facilities as he considers are reasonably re? quired for teaching in hospitals associated with medical schools. So proposals for the deployment of resources, particularly of hospital beds, usually include an assessment of whether the number of beds likely to be provided in the future will meet the needs of the appropriate medical school. Almost invariably this assessment has been based on the guidelines published by the University Grants Committee in its annual survey for 1975-6.2 These recommended a total of 1000 acute beds for an annual intake of 100 students, and similar totals were suggested in the Goodenough Report3 in 1944 and in the Todd Report4 in 1968. In particular, the UGC recommendations were quoted in full in Towards a Balance.b This discussion document by the London Health Planning Consortium dealt exclusively with London but it is likely that similar comparisons of service provision and teaching needs are being made in other regions. The consortium stated that, Some medical schools?for example, Westminster?have independently assessed their need
Establishment and characterization of a new human megakaryoblastic cell line (SET-2) that spontaneously matures to megakaryocytes and produces platelet-like particles
Authors: K Uozumi, M Otsuka, N Ohno, T Moriya, S Suzuki, S Shimotakahara, I Matsumura, S Hanada, T Ari
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
Susceptibility of human male keratinocytes to MHC-restricted H-Y-specific lysis.
Authors: C A van Els, M M de Bueger, J Kempenaar, M Ponec, E Goulmy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

We studied the expression of the male-specific mH antigen H-Y on cultured human skin cells by investigating susceptibility to H-Y-specific cytolysis using conventional class I-restricted CTL clones in a modified cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. In contrast to what was found in the rodent system, we observed H-Y-specific lysis of human male keratinocytes. Susceptibility for H-Y-specific lysis was efficiently enhanced by exposure of the keratinocytes to IFN-gamma. Our results demonstrate that human skin cells are equally sensitive for the activity of H-Y-specific CTLs as target cells of lymphoid origin. Finally, the cellular recognition of the H-Y mH antigen in the skin further supports its possible target function in the local graft versus host attack.
Focusing Quality Improvement Efforts for Hemodialysis Access
Authors: Laura A. Peterson, Matthew A. Corriere
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Fall of a dictator, failure of ethics
Authors: S. Jabbour
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The capture of Saddam Hussein brought us both relief and hope that things would improve for Iraqis. However, the initial televised pictures after his capture were disturbing as they depicted violations of international law and medical ethics. That today we rarely hear voices of protest against such violations raises questions about our moral compass in these times of continued conflict.

During the weeks of major military operations, the televised display of three captive American soldiers by Saddam's propaganda machine quite rightly drew protests as a violation of the Geneva Convention. The soldiers, stripped of their freedom and scared almost to death by a ruthless regime, were not in a position to consent to be …
Hepatic prolyl hydroxylase and collagen synthesis in patients with alcoholic liver disease
Authors: S. W. Mann, G. C. Fuller, J. V. Rodil, E. I. Vidins
Journal: Gut (1979)

Hepatic prolyl hydroxylase activity and collagen synthesis were measured in patients with alcoholic liver disease to determine the feasibility of using the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase as a marker of hepatic fibrogenesis. Alcoholic patients with liver histopathology consistent with normal, steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, early cirrhosis, or advanced cirrhosis were analysed for liver prolyl hydroxylase activity and <i>in vitro</i> collagen synthesis. Prolyl hydroxylase activity and the rate of <i>in vitro</i> collagen synthesis were correlated when these parameters were measured in samples of the same liver biopsy. Mean prolyl hydroxylase activity was significantly raised in all groups of alcoholic patients with alcoholic liver disease, except those with steatosis, when compared with alcoholic patients with normal morphology. Alcoholic patients with early cirrhosis had enzyme activity (mean ± SE: 1·367 ±0·162 mU/mg protein) significantly raised over all other groups. Mean enzyme activity was less raised (0·985 ± 0·097 mU/mg protein) in patients with advanced cirrhosis. The percentage of collagen synthesis in patients with early or advanced cirrhosis was also raised compared with alcoholic patients with normal morphology. Prolyl hydroxylase activity and the rate of collagen synthesis are significantly correlated (<i>r</i>=0·62). These findings suggest that hepatic prolyl hydroxylase activity is a useful indicator of hepatic fibrogenesis and its measurement on available liver biopsy tissue should be a potent diagnostic tool reflecting active fibrogenesis and predicting progression of alcoholic liverdisease.
Measurement of small-bowel polyp size in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome by using reference granules during video capsule endoscopy
Authors: I. Rácz, M. Jánoki, V. Kovács
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

In patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, capsule endoscopy is a promising method of surveillance to detect the larger polyps that are most relevant clinically [1] [2]. However, to our knowledge there is no formal method of judging polyp size accurately during capsule endoscopy [3]. Inaccurate assessment of polyp sizes has important implications for management [4].
THE PSYCHIATRIC CLINIC IN THE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: IRVING J. SANDS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Among the many recent advances made by the medical sciences, none can approach in extent and significance those made by psychiatry. Within a brief period of some twelve years, the latter has extended its scope of activity from the narrow, circumscribed field of caring for the mentally sick committed to state hospitals for the insane to the large, boundless sphere dealing with the problems of the great realm of conduct disorders. In so doing, it did not confine itself to unraveling the mysteries of the psychoses, or plumbing the depths of the roots of the psychoneuroses, but it also penetrated the jungles of criminology and penology, invaded the marshes of delinquency and dependence, entered the sacred domains of theology, and did not even spare the sanctity of the home and family. As a result of this adventure, many new facts have been brought to light, and greater emphasis has been
Apoptosis of Airway Epithelial Cells Induced by Corticosteroids
Authors: DELBERT R. DORSCHEID, KIMBERLY R. WOJCIK, STEVEN SUN, BERTHA MARROQUIN, STEVEN R. WHITE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Damage to the airway epithelium is one prominent feature of chronic asthma. Corticosteroids induce apoptosis in inflammatory cells, which in part explains their ability to suppress airway inflammation. However, corticosteroid therapy does not necessarily reverse epithelial damage. We hypothesized that corticosteroids may induce airway epithelial cell apoptosis as one potential explanation for persistent damage. We tested this hypothesis in cultured primary central airway epithelial cells and in the cell line 1HAEo(-). Treatment with dexamethasone, beclomethasone, budesonide, or triamcinolone each elicited a time-dependent and concentration-dependent cell death. This cell death was associated with cleavage of nuclear chromatin, mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c extrusion, activation of caspase-9, and expression of phosphatidylserine on the outer cell membrane. Inhibitors of caspase activity blocked apoptotic cell death, as did overexpression of the apoptosis regulators Bcl-2 or Bcl-x(L). We demonstrated that CD95 ligation is not essential for the corticosteroid-induced apoptosis in airway epithelial cells. These data demonstrate that corticosteroids induce apoptotic cell death of airway epithelium. This raises the possibility that at least one of the major components of chronic airway damage in asthma, epithelial shedding and denudation, may in part result from a major therapy for the disease.
Targeting Activated KIT Signaling for Melanoma Therapy
Authors: Boris C. Bastian, Rosaura Esteve-Puig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.50.3227 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print August 12, 2013 PMID: 23940224 Targeting Activated KIT Signaling for Melanoma Therapy Boris C. BastianxBoris C. BastianSearch for articles by this author , Rosaura Esteve-PuigxRosaura Esteve-PuigSearch for articles by this author Show More University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.50.3227 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2013 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Response Inhibition and Error Monitoring during a Visual Go/No-Go Task in Inuit Children Exposed to Lead, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Methylmercury
Authors: Olivier Boucher, Matthew J. Burden, Gina Muckle, Dave Saint-Amour, Pierre Ayotte, Éric Dewailly, Charles A. Nelson, Sandra W. Jacobson, Joseph L. Jacobson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Lead (Pb) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are neurotoxic contaminants that have been related to impairment in response inhibition.Objectives: In this study we examined the neurophysiological correlates of the response inhibition deficits associated with these exposures, using event-related potentials (ERPs) in a sample of school-age Inuit children from Arctic Québec exposed through their traditional diet.Methods: In a prospective longitudinal study, we assessed 196 children (mean age, 11.3 years) on a visual go/no-go response inhibition paradigm. Pb, PCB, and mercury (Hg) concentrations were analyzed in cord and current blood samples. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of contaminant levels to go/no-go performance (mean reaction time, percent correct go, percent correct no-go) and five ERPs [N2, P3, error-related negativity, error positivity (Pe), and correct response positivity (Pc)] after control for confounding variables.Results: Current blood Pb concentrations were associated with higher rates of false alarms and with decreased P3 amplitudes to go and no-go trials. Current plasma PCB-153 concentrations were associated with slower reaction times and with reduced amplitudes of the Pe and Pc response-related potentials. Hg concentrations were not related to any outcome on this task but showed significant interactions with other contaminants on certain outcomes.Conclusions: These results suggest that Pb exposure during childhood impairs the child's ability to allocate the cognitive resources needed to correctly inhibit a prepotent response, resulting in increased impulsivity. By contrast, postnatal PCB exposure appears to affect processes associated with error monitoring, an aspect of behavioral regulation required to adequately adapt to the changing demands of the environment, which results in reduced task efficiency.
Can house dust mite-triggered atopic dermatitis be alleviated using acaricides?
Authors: M.M. CAMERON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

House dust mite (HDM) allergens are the most important triggers for atopic dermatitis. Reducing exposure to these allergens may alleviate clinical symptoms. Chemicals with acaricidal activity have been used to treat upholstered furniture, carpets and bedding with the aim to reduce HDM allergen exposure. These chemicals, by reducing HDM, can decrease the concentration of mite allergens in dust but improvements in clinical symptoms are not always apparent. Clinical improvement is more likely to occur if bedding has been treated rather than carpets and upholstery. Future control strategies should be aimed at treating bedding. Permethrin is a very efficient killer of mites. It is used topically to treat scabies and head lice and is impregnated in bed nets to prevent mosquito bites. Even when applied to the skin in high concentrations, it has a very low toxicity in humans and other mammals. Permethrin-impregnated bedding may prove to be the best control method in the treatment of HDM allergen-triggered atopic conditions.
The Activity of Sulfonamides and Anions Against the Carbonic Anhydrases of Animals, Plants, and Bacteria
Authors: T H Maren, G Sanyal
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1983)

For nearly thirty years after the discovery of carbonic anhydrase in red cells and tissues of the animal kingdom (1), susceptibility to inhibition by sul­ fonamides was found to be about the same, whatever the enzyme source. Although no systematic studies were done, tissues as different as human red cells and clam mantle showed similar susceptibility to sulfonamide inhibi­ tion (reviewed in 2); at the time isozymes were not in the forefront, and there seemed to be no special problem at hand. It was found that the plant enzyme was different, requiring some 103-fold greater concentration of acetazolamide, for example, than the 10-8 M needed for 50% inhibition of the animal enzymes thus far studied (3). The first example of very different behavior in animal tissues was discov­ ered accidentally in this laboratory. We found that rats did not respond to acetazolamide in terms of the alterations in hepatic electrolyte excretion known for dog and man (4). After an initial rude dismissal of the possibility that the rat liver enzyme might be different (in all other carbonic anhydrase systems rats behaved normally), we found that this was indeed the case. In male rat liver the KI for acetazolamide was 1()4 times higher than the standard value. The universe had been disturbed (5), at least a microcosm of it. Meanwhile, work was being done on the differing properties of the two isozymes in primate red cells (and those of certain other species) (6), now designated carbonic anhydrases I and II, the latter having nearly lO-fold
Changes in aquaporin-2 protein contribute to the urine concentrating defect in rats fed a low-protein diet.
Authors: J M Sands, M Naruse, J D Jacobs, J N Wilcox, J D Klein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Low-protein diets cause a urinary concentrating defect in rats and humans. Previously, we showed that feeding rats a low (8%) protein diet induces a change in urea transport in initial inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCDs) which could contribute to the concentrating defect. Now, we test whether decreased osmotic water permeability (Pf) contributes to the concentrating defect by measuring Pf in perfused initial and terminal IMCDs from rats fed 18 or 8% protein for 2 wk. In terminal IMCDs, arginine vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated osmotic water permeability was significantly reduced in rats fed 8% protein compared to rats fed 18% protein. In initial IMCDs, AVP-stimulated osmotic water permeability was unaffected by dietary protein. Thus, AVP-stimulated osmotic water permeability is significantly reduced in terminal IMCDs but not in initial IMCDs. Next, we determined if the amount of immunoreactive aquaporin-2 (AQP2, the AVP-regulated water channel) or AQP3 protein was altered. Protein was isolated from base or tip regions of rat inner medulla and Western analysis performed using polyclonal antibodies to rat AQP2 or AQP3 (courtesy of Dr. M.A. Knepper, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). In rats fed 8% protein (compared to rats fed 18% protein): (a) AQP2 decreases significantly in both membrane and vesicle fractions from the tip; (b) AQP2 is unchanged in the base; and (c) AQP3 is unchanged. Together, the results suggest that the decrease in AVP-stimulated osmotic water permeability results, at least in part, in the decrease in AQP2 protein. We conclude that water reabsorption, like urea reabsorption, responds to dietary protein restriction in a manner that would limit urine concentrating capacity.
THE MUTUAL INTEREST OF THE PROFESSION AND THE PUBLIC
Authors: W. S. RANKIN
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The profession and the public have a large mutual interest which unites them in a common task and draws them toward a single objective. That interest consists of a surplusage of unnecessary, untreated and inadequately treated disease and impairment, which, in its totality, constitutes a waiting field of medical practice from two to five times greater than the present occupied field of medicine. The last statement constitutes the major premise of this paper, and is so related to what follows as to make its assimilation by the digestive or analytic process advisable before other related matters are considered. We turn, then, to a brief and rather general analysis of the unoccupied field of medicine. Beginning with maternity, we find from 25 to 35 per cent., say an average of 30 per cent., of the births of this country, a total of approximately 750,000 births a year, unattended by physicians. These
Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Severe Nonthyroidal Illnesses Associated with Low Serum Thyroxine Concentration
Authors: GREGORY A. BRENT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

We evaluated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels as an index of thyroid hormone action in severe systemic illness. Angiotensin-converting enzyme was elevated in hyperthyroid patients (37.3 ± 3.2 U/mL, p < 0.01) and depressed in hypothyroid patients (17.9 ± 1.4 U/mL, p < 0.05). Compared with normal controls (22.6 ± 1.6 U/mL), patients in an intensive care unit with free thyroxine index greater than 5.0 had normal angiotensin-converting enzyme levels (19.1 ± 2.5 U/mL), but patients with a free thyroxine index less than 5.0 had angiotensin-converting enzyme levels significantly lower than the normal and hypothyroid groups ( 10.7 ± 1.0 U/mL, p < 0.05). A group of patients in an intensive care unit with alcoholic liver disease (known to elevate angiotensin-converting enzyme) and a low free thyroxine index had depressed angiotensin-converting enzyme levels (16.9 ∓ 1.5 U/mL, p < 0.01). A strong correlation was seen in the combined groups of all patients studied between levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme and a free thyroxine index (r = 0.70, p < 0.01) and free T3 index (r = 0.72, p < 0.01).
What do we mean by partnership in making decisions about treatment?
Authors: C. Charles, T. Whelan, A. Gafni
Journal: BMJ (1999)

For many decades, the dominant approach to making decisions about treatment in the medical encounter has been one of paternalism.1–7 In recent years this model has been challenged by doctors, patients, medical ethicists, and researchers who advocate more of a partnership relation between doctors and patients.2 8–13 The reasons for this challenge have been described in detail elsewhere and include the rise of consumerism and the notion of consumer sovereignty in healthcare decision making; the women's movement with its emphasis on challenging medical authority; the passage of legislation focusing on patients' rights in health care; and small area variations in doctors' practice patterns that seem unrelated to differences in health status.7 Though the first three factors are seen as either contributors to or facilitators of patients' participation in making decisions about health care, the fourth highlights the imprecision or the “art” of medical care14: patients with similar clinical problems may receive different treatments from different doctors, due in part to systematic variations in practice patterns across geographical areas.14 15

The call for doctor-patient partnerships opens up options beyond paternalism for approaching the task of making decisions about treatment. But it also raises new complexities. Because a partnership between patient and doctor can take different forms, it is not intuitively apparent what this model would look like. The Oxford English Dictionary (1995) defines a partner as “a person who shares or takes part with another or others.” This definition leaves several important questions unanswered. For example, does the concept of a partnership imply that both doctor and patient need to share all parts of the decision making process? What is it that both parties are sharing, and to what degree? Who is responsible for determining if a partnership is possible and …
Bad bugs travel as well as happy holidaymakers
Authors: S. T Green
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Zuckerman's timely article, coming hot on the heels of Getting ahead of the curve , should remind us of the personal risks posed by tropical and imported infections. 1 2 It should also remind us of the even greater risks posed not only to individual patients but also to the population as a whole by the unevenness of availability of quality clinical acumen across the United Kingdom when it comes to diagnosing and managing this category of illness.

Nowhere is this made clearer than by the case of a 78 year old febrile …