tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Retrieval of Medical Literature-Reply
Authors: Morris F. Collen
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In response to the letters received on the article "Full-Text Medical Literature Retrieval by Computer," we first want to point out that the primary objective of the article was to disseminate the data collected in the pilot test. Although alternative available systems were briefly mentioned, since all the full-text services were in a relatively early state of development, their comparative assessment would have been out of date by the time of publication. Rucker and Elwell agreed with the favorable search features of the MEDIS service, and their criticisms were primarily directed at (1) the admittedly limited number of journals currently available, which are being increased monthly; and (2) the cost-effectiveness of the search process, which depends on the purpose for the search. For a scientific research or educational search where response time is not important and comprehensiveness of relevant citations is paramount, a library using the National Library
Abstract 3025: HER2/Stat3 signaling mediated radioresistance in U87 glioma cancer cells through suppressed apoptosis and enhanced glycolysis
Authors: Lili Qin, Ming Fan, Jian Jian Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract GBM is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor, and the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor. Radiotherapy continues to play a central role in the management of brain tumors. Even though the advances of radiotherapy strategies and techniques, frequent failure of radiotherapy made GBM a disease difficult to be treated. GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) are reported to be responsible for resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistant GBM CSCs have been isolated from GBM. However, the mechanisms of radioresistance of glioma cells are still elucidative. In this study, we investigated the role of HER2-Stat3 signaling pathway in radioresistance using human glioma cell line U87. We found that long-term therapeutic dose of fragmented irradiation induces repopulation of human glioma U87 cells with increased number of CD133+/HER2+ stem-like cells. FIR-surviving CD133+/HER2+ U87 cells have coactivation of HER2 and Stat3 and increased cell proliferation and invasion abilities. More importantly, we found that U87-FIR cells have lower level of mitochondria metabolism and ROS level, and higher mitochondrial membrane potential, while 5Gy single dose radiation induces increased mitochondria function. Furthermore, U87 cell injection derived xenograph tumor also has increased mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased mitochondria function after radiation. These results suggest that the radioresistance of GBM CSCs possibly due to the suppressed apoptosis and enhanced glycolysis mediated by HER2/STAT3 pathway. Citation Format: Lili Qin, Ming Fan, Jian Jian Li. HER2/Stat3 signaling mediated radioresistance in U87 glioma cancer cells through suppressed apoptosis and enhanced glycolysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3025. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3025
Nomograms for Sample Size
Authors: FREDRIC C. GENTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1983Nomograms for Sample SizeFREDRIC C. GENTER, PH.D.FREDRIC C. GENTER, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-737_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Young, Bresnitz, and Strom (1) present two nomograms for sample size determination when the response variable is either dichotomous or approximately normal. In the instructions for use of the nomogram for dichotomous variables, the authors make an erroneous assertion on page 250, stating "The symmetrical design of the nomogram allows an arbitrary designation of control group." This is not true, and can have dire consequences.It is true that the assignment of the "control" and "treatment" labels can be arbitrary. Once assignment is made, however, one must be careful in the calculation of the percentage change in...Reference1. YOUNGBRESNITZSTROM MEB. Sample size nomograms for interpreting negative clinical studies. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:248-51. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1983Volume 99, Issue 5Page: 737-738 Issue Published: 1 November 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Gender Disparities in Health Care
Authors: Ernest H. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  — Overanxiousness in women about their health, leading to greater use of health services, 1 may be due to temperamental differences in gender-mediated clinical features of depression, which are manifested by women's less active, more ruminative responses that are linked to dysfunction of the right frontal cortex in which the metabolic rate is higher in females. 2 An understanding of the role of gender-related cerebral asymmetries in the development and progression of coronary artery disease and dementia, and in adverse responses to medication, can lead the physician to respect female patients' concerns and anxieties regarding their health. 3-7
Lentiviral Vector Gene Transfer into Fetal Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Lung-Targeting Approaches
Authors: Alice F. Tarantal, Chang I. Lee, Jason E. Ekert, Ruth McDonald, Donald B. Kohn, Charles G. Plopper, Scott S. Case, Bruce A. Bunnell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

We previously reported the efficiency of gene transfer in fetal monkeys using retroviral vectors and an intraperitoneal (IP) approach. Here, we explored intrapulmonary administration to determine whether gene transfer can be limited to the developing lung. The HIV-1-derived lentiviral vector (VSV-G pseudotyped; 1×107 infectious particles/fetus), using the enhanced green fluo-rescent protein (EGFP) as a reporter, was directly injected into fetal lung with ultrasound guidance (n=4; 55 or 70 days gestation; term 165±10 days). Fetuses were monitored sonographically, fetal/maternal blood samples collected during gestation, and four of four healthy newborns were delivered at term. All lung lobes were positive for the transgene (≤1%) when assessed by PCR, and transgene expression was observed by direct fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The results of this study show the following: (1) successful gene transfer in fetal monkeys using an intrapulmonary approach; (2) less transduction of non-pulmonary tissues with gene transfer at 70 days gestation compared with 55 days gestation or use of an IP approach; (3) that the pulmonary epithelium was EGFP-positive by immunohistochemistry; and (4) no evidence of transplacental transport of vector sequences or antibody responses in the dams. The results of these investigations indicate the efficiency of fetal gene transfer by intrapulmonary delivery, and emphasize the importance of the fetal monkey as a preclinical model system for exploring in utero genetic treatment strategies for pulmonary disorders.
Reduced Perception of Dyspnea and Pain after Right Insular Cortex Lesions
Authors: Daniela Schön, Michael Rosenkranz, Jan Regelsberger, Bernhard Dahme, Christian Büchel, Andreas von Leupoldt
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

The perception of dyspnea and pain show many similarities. Initial imaging studies suggested an important role of the insular cortex for the perception of both sensations. However, little is known about the cortical processing of dyspnea.This study investigated the influence of lesions of the insular cortex on the perception of dyspnea and pain.Dyspnea was induced by resistive loaded breathing in four patients with right-hemispheric insular cortex lesions, as assessed with computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and four matched healthy control subjects. Pain was induced by a cold-pressor test. Perceived intensity and unpleasantness of both sensations were rated on visual analog scales.In contrast to healthy control subjects, patients with lesions demonstrated reduced perceptual sensitivity for dyspnea, in particular for the unpleasantness of dyspnea (P < 0.05). This was paralleled by reduced sensitivity for pain in patients with lesions, as reflected by smaller ratings of intensity and unpleasantness, higher sensory pain-thresholds, and, in particular, higher affect-related pain tolerance times (P < 0.05).The results suggest that lesions of the right insular cortex are associated with reduced sensitivity for the perception of dyspnea and pain, in particular for their perceived unpleasantness. This underlines the importance of the insular cortex for the perception of both sensations.
A breathtaking reverse bungee jump
Authors: Jesus Gonzalez-Bermejo, Christian Straus, Thomas Similowski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

cirrhosis.Both patients have been started on iron chelation and have been clinically stable in the months since their diagnosis.Our findings are significant for several reasons.First, we do not believe that HPS with cirrhosis secondary to recurrent transfusions in patients with sickle cell anaemia has been previously described.Secondly, given the prevalence of iron overload-induced cirrhosis in patients with sickle cell anaesthesia, as well as the prevalence of HPS in patients with cirrhosis, there are likely to be other undiagnosed cases of HPS in this population.However, the decrease in nitric oxide availability in patients with sickle cell anaesthesia may have a protective effect against the formation of HPS, since elevated nitric oxide levels have been associated with the development of HPS [10].Thirdly, HPS is not part of the current differential diagnosis of unexplained chronic hypoxaemia in patients with sickle cell anaesthesia.While conditions such as pulmonary venous hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic pulmonary embolism and interstitial lung disease should be first considered, we believe that HPS should also be considered in patients with chronic hypoxaemia.Finally, our report underscores the importance of new therapeutic options that are available to treat chronic iron overload.
JC Virus in CD34<sup>+</sup>and CD19<sup>+</sup>Cells in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Natalizumab
Authors: Elliot M. Frohman, Maria Chiara Monaco, Gina Remington, Caroline Ryschkewitsch, Peter N. Jensen, Kory Johnson, Molly Perkins, Julia Liebner, Benjamin Greenberg, Nancy Monson, Teresa C. Frohman, Daniel Douek, Eugene O. Major
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Infection with JC virus (JCV) may lead to development of demyelinating progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who are treated with natalizumab.To determine whether mononuclear cells in circulation from MS patients treated with natalizumab harbor JCV DNA.In this prospective investigation, we enrolled 49 MS patients from the Clinical Center for Multiple Sclerosis at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and 18 healthy volunteers. We drew 120-mL blood samples from 26 MS patients at baseline and at approximately 3-month intervals to 10 months during the course of natalizumab infusions. One blood sample was drawn from 23 MS patients receiving natalizumab for more than 24 months and from 18 healthy volunteers.Natalizumab treatment of MS.The blood samples were separated using flow cytometry into CD34+, CD19+, and CD3+ cell subsets; DNA templates were prepared using quantitative polymerase chain reaction for JCV DNA identification. Plasma samples were tested for anti-JCV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke.Thirteen of the 26 patients (50%) with baseline and follow-up blood samples had detectable viral DNA in at least 1 cell compartment at 1 or more points. Ten of the 23 patients (44%) receiving treatment for more than 24 months and 3 of the 18 healthy volunteers (17%) also had detectable viral DNA in 1 or more cell compartment. Fifteen of the 49 MS patients (31%) were confirmed to harbor JCV in CD34+ cells and 12 of 49 (24%) in CD19+ cells. Only 1 of 18 healthy volunteers were viremic in CD34+ cells and none in CD19+ cells. Nine patients and 1 healthy volunteer were viremic but had seronegative test results for JCV antibodies.JC virus DNA was detectable within cell compartments of natalizumab-treated MS patients after treatment inception and longer. JC virus DNA may harbor in CD34+ cells in bone marrow that mobilize into the peripheral circulation at high concentrations. Latently infected cells initiate differentiation to CD19+ cells that favors growth of JCV. These data link the mechanism of natalizumab treatment with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Cigarette Smoking Affects Glycemic Control in Diabetes
Authors: Jenny E. Gunton, Linda Davies, Errol Wilmshurst, Greg Fulcher, Aidan McElduff
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Tight glycemic control in diabetes is one of the cornerstones of management. Glycemic control is usually assessed with HbA1c. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial showed that in type 1 diabetes, decreasing HbA1c from 9.0 to 7.2% resulted in a 50–75% reduction in retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy (1). The U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) showed that in type 2 diabetes, decreasing HbA1c from 7.9 to 7.0% decreased retinopathy and nephropathy (2).

Increased insulin resistance occurs in smokers with and without diabetes (3,4). Smoking is also a risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes. The …
Sensitization to Cor a 9 and Cor a 14 is highly specific for a hazelnut allergy with objective symptoms in Dutch children and adults
Authors: Laury J.N. Masthoff, Lars Mattsson, Laurian Zuidmeer-Jongejan, Jonas Lidholm, Kerstin Andersson, Jaap H. Akkerdaas, Serge A. Versteeg, Cristiano Garino, Yolanda Meijer, Petra Kentie, Astrid Versluis, Constance F. den Hartog Jager, Carla A.F.M. Bruijnzeel-Koomen, André C. Knulst, Ronald van Ree, Els van Hoffen, Suzanne G.M.A. Pasmans
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Evaluation of a Positive Urinary Sugar Test
Authors: Harvey C. Knowles
Journal: JAMA (1975)

OFTEN the practicing physician is faced with the problem of one of his patients unexpectedly showing a positive urine test for sugar. This may occur in a routine office checkup, during hospitalization, or perhaps be reported from an examination performed elsewhere, such as for life insurance or employment. To solve the diagnostic aspect of the problem, I would use the approach shown in the accompanying Figure. Before discussing the steps involved, however, certain definitions and laboratory methods must be given: <h3>Mellituria.—</h3> A condition in which any type of sugar is excreted in the urine. <h3>Glycosuria.—</h3> A condition in which glucose is excreted in the urine. <h3>Copper Sulfate Tablets.—</h3> Tablets (Clinitest [Ames Co.]) containing copper sulfate, which acts as an oxidizing agent. Sugars having a keto- group will be reduced. The only sugar appearing abnormally in the urine that has no keto- group and thus cannot reduce copper or other oxidizing
Adherence to Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor–Based HIV Therapy and Virologic Outcomes
Authors: Jean B. Nachega, Michael Hislop, David W. Dowdy, Richard E. Chaisson, Leon Regensberg, Gary Maartens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Adherence of 95% or more to unboosted protease regimens is required for optimal virologic suppression in HIV-1–infected patients. Whether the same is true for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)–based therapy is unclear. Objective: To assess the relationship between adherence to NNRTI–based therapy and viral load in treatment-naive patients. Design: Observational cohort study. Setting: Private-sector HIV and AIDS disease management program in South Africa. Patients: 2821 adults infected with HIV who began NNRTI–based therapy between January 1998 and March 2003 (2764 patients [98%] were enrolled after December 2000). Measurements: Adherence was assessed by monthly pharmacy claims. The primary end point was sustained viral load suppression (<400 copies/mL) in 100% of recorded viral load measurements throughout follow-up. Secondary end points included time to initial viral load suppression and time to subsequent virologic failure (>400 copies/mL). Results: The median follow-up period was 2.2 years (interquartile range, 1.7 to 2.7 years). The proportion of patients with sustained viral load suppression ranged from 13% (41 of 325 patients) in patients who filled less than 50% of antiretroviral drug prescriptions to 73% (725 of 997 patients) in those who filled 100% of antiretroviral drug prescriptions. Each 10% increase in pharmacy claim adherence greater than 50% was associated with a mean absolute increase of 0.10 in the proportion of patients with sustained virologic suppression (P < 0.001). Predictors for shorter time to virologic failure after initial suppression in multivariable Cox regression included CD4+ T-cell counts of 0.50 × 109 cells/L or less (hazard ratio, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.22 to 2.10] vs. CD4+ T-cell counts >0.20 × 109 cells/L), baseline viral load greater than 105 copies/mL (hazard ratio, 1.39 [CI, 1.14 to 1.70]), nevirapine-based regimen (hazard ratio, 1.43 [CI, 1.16 to 1.75]), and low pharmacy claim adherence (hazard ratio, 1.58 [CI, 1.48 to 1.69], per 10% decrease in adherence to 50%). Limitations: Observational study with adherence stratification at study end and lack of standardized timing for outcome measurement. Conclusion: Virologic outcomes improve in a linear dose–response manner as adherence to NNRTI–based regimens increases beyond 50%.
NEW CONCEPTS OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE DAY HOSPITAL
Authors: CHARLES E. GOSHEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

In summary, the following recommendations are offered for consideration: 1. That each of the state departments of mental hygiene adopt the concept of the day hospital as an experimental substitute for new or expanded hospital buildings. 2. That every building project now underway incorporate plans for a day hospital center. 3. That existing psychiatric training centers consider the incorporation of day hospital training in their medical student, intern and residency programs. 4. That in those areas of the country not now supplied with psychiatric facilities consideration be given to the introduction of a day hospital, before building expensive inpatient services. 5. That local medical societies be included in planning for and operating day hospitals.
Birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 binds to and is transported through conjunctival epithelium in allergic patients
Authors: J. Renkonen, P. Mattila, S. Lehti, J. Mäkinen, R. Sormunen, T. Tervo, T. Paavonen, R. Renkonen
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Previous work in type-I pollen allergies has mainly focused on lymphocytes and immune responses. Here, we begin to analyse with a systems biology view the differences in conjunctival epithelium obtained from healthy and allergic subjects.Transcriptomics analysis combined with light and electron microscopic analysis of birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 located within conjunctival epithelial cells and tissues from birch allergic subjects and healthy controls was carried out.Bet v 1 pollen allergen bound to conjunctival epithelial cells within minutes after the exposure even during the nonsymptomatic winter season only in allergic, but not in healthy individuals. Light- and electron microscopy showed that Bet v 1 was transported through the epithelium within lipid rafts/caveolae and reached mast cells only in allergic patients, but not in healthy individuals. Transcriptomics yielded 22 putative receptors expressed at higher levels in allergic epithelium compared with healthy specimens. A literature search indicated that out of these receptors, eight (i.e. 37%) were associated with lipid rafts/caveolae, which suggested again that Bet v 1 transport is lipid raft/caveola-dependent.We show a clear difference in the binding and uptake of Bet v 1 allergen by conjunctival epithelial cells in allergic vs healthy subjects and several putative lipid raft/caveolar receptors were identified, which could mediate or be co-transported with this entry. The application of discovery driven methodologies on human conjunctival epithelial cells and tissues can provide new hypotheses worth a further analysis to the molecular mechanisms of a complex multifactorial disease such as type-I birch pollen allergy.
Fish Oil Supplementation Reduces Severity of Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction in Elite Athletes
Authors: Timothy D. Mickleborough, Rachael L. Murray, Alina A. Ionescu, Martin R. Lindley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

In elite athletes, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) may respond to dietary modification, thereby reducing the need for pharmacologic treatment. Ten elite athletes with EIB and 10 elite athletes without EIB (control subjects) participated in a randomized, double-blind crossover study. Subjects entered the study on their normal diet, and then received either fish oil capsules containing 3.2 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 2.2 g docohexaenoic acid (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid [PUFA] diet; n = 5) or placebo capsules containing olive oil (placebo diet; n = 5) taken daily for 3 weeks. Diet had no effect on preexercise pulmonary function in either group or on postexercise pulmonary function in control subjects. However, in subjects with EIB, the n-3 PUFA diet improved postexercise pulmonary function compared with the normal and placebo diets. FEV1 decreased by 3 +/- 2% on n-3 PUFA diet, 14.5 +/- 5% on placebo diet, and 17.3 +/- 6% on normal diet at 15 minutes postexercise. Leukotriene (LT)E4, 9alpha, 11beta-prostaglandin F2, LTB4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta, all significantly decreased on the n-3 PUFA diet compared with normal and placebo diets and after the exercise challenge. These data suggest that dietary fish oil supplementation has a markedly protective effect in suppressing EIB in elite athletes, and this may be attributed to their antiinflammatory properties.
Platelet-activating Factor Induces Goblet Cell Hyperplasia and Mucin Gene Expression in Airways
Authors: YA-PING LOU, KIYOSHI TAKEYAMA, KATHLEEN M. GRATTAN, JAMES A. LAUSIER, IRIS F. UEKI, CARLOS AGUSTÍ, JAY A. NADEL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

In patients dying from asthma, extensive mucous plugging occurs in the airways, associated with goblet cell hyperplasia. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that platelet-activating factor (PAF) induces goblet cell hyperplasia and mucin gene expression. After instilling PAF into the airways of guinea pigs and rats, we stained airway goblet cells with Alcian blue/periodic acid–Schiff and determined the number of goblet cells and percentage of stained area within the epithelium. In guinea pigs, one instillation of PAF (10− 5 M, 100 μ l) increased the goblet cell–stained area time-dependently, beginning at 24 h, maximum at 72 h. PAF also caused tracheal recruitment of eosinophils by 24 h, maximum at 48 h. In rats, which have few goblet cells in airways, PAF (3 instillations, 10− 5 M, 200 μ l) caused striking goblet cell hyperplasia, greatest in peripheral airways. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α ) alone had no significant effect on goblet cells, but together with PAF, it caused exaggerated goblet cell hyperplasia. In rat tracheas studied by in situ hybridization, PAF induced mucin MUC5 gene expression in epithelial cells that stained for mucosubstances. In summary, PAF induces goblet cell hyperplasia and TNF α potentiates this effect.