tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
People who sleep for seven hours a night live longest
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A study of the sleep habits of more than one million people over six years seems to debunk the popular idea that eight hours of sleep nightly are required for optimal health. Those who had six or seven hours had a lower death rate than those who regularly slept eight or more hours—or less than four.

The study included adults aged 30 to 102 years and was carried out by researchers from the University of California at San Diego School of Medicine and the American Cancer Society. It was conducted from 1982 …
Atopic manifestations in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: response to recombinant interferon gamma.
Authors: J M Parkin, L J Eales, A R Galazka, A J Pinching
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Six patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) had exacerbations or recurrences of previously quiescent atopic disease when they developed immunodeficiency. Four developed a different atopic illness from that suffered previously. Atopic symptoms developed within three months after the patients developed AIDS or during prodromal illness. Two of the patients were treated with recombinant interferon gamma: both showed a striking improvement in symptoms and cellular immunity. These results indicate that cellular immunity, through interferon gamma, may have a role in regulating atopic disease.
Piezogenic palmar papules: a novel physical sign of palmar lipoma
Authors: N.H. Cox, G. Broome
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Palmar lipomas are unusual, usually presenting to orthopaedic surgeons as a mass lesion or due to compression of nerves or vessels. We report a novel presentation with a physical sign that has not to our knowledge been previously reported, in a patient with a very unusual pattern of palmar lipoma. A 42‐year‐old man was referred to the dermatology department for treatment of an asymptomatic rash (sic) on his left palm. He described a localized lesion of the hypothenar eminence, present for an uncertain duration, but becoming increasingly prominent. Examination revealed a cluster of pale yellowish‐coloured soft nodules, each about 0·5 cm diameter, that could be compressed below the surface of the skin, and that appeared to be part of a mass lesion of about 5 cm diameter (Fig. 1). There were no symptoms or clinical findings to suggest vascular or neurological compromise. The provisional diagnosis was an unusually situated lipoma. The patient had a manual job but the lesion affected his nondominant hand and caused no particular limitation.
Hypercalcaemia in rheumatoid arthritis revisited.
Authors: S H Ralston, W D Fraser, J Jankowski, I M Richards, R A Cowan, H A Capell, R D Sturrock
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The prevalence and mechanisms of hypercalcaemia were studied in a series of patients attending a regional referral centre for rheumatic diseases. In a prospective study one case of hypercalcaemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism was found in 251 consecutive patients who were screened over a three month period. In a retrospective study of 39 patients who had been discovered to be hypercalcaemic during the preceding 12 months known cases of hypercalcaemia were found in 38 (97%) cases. Primary hyperparathyroidism was the most common cause (n = 24; 62%), followed by thiazide treatment in five (13%), cancer in three (8%), immobility in three (8%), vitamin D toxicity in two (5%), and chronic liver disease in one (3%). In one case the diagnosis remained unclear after full investigation. This study shows that the causes of hypercalcaemia in rheumatological patients are similar to those in the general population. These observations contrast with previous reports, which suggested that hypercalcaemia may be a complication of rheumatoid arthritis itself.
Prostasin, a Potential Serum Marker for Ovarian Cancer: Identification Through Microarray Technology
Authors: S. C. Mok, J. Chao, S. Skates, K.-k. Wong, G. K. Yiu, M. G. Muto, R. S. Berkowitz, D. W. Cramer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: Screening biomarkers for ovarian cancer are needed because of its late stage at diagnosis and poor survival. We used microarray technology to identify overexpressed genes for secretory proteins as potential serum biomarkers and selected prostasin, a serine protease normally secreted by the prostate gland, for further study. Methods: RNA was isolated and pooled from three ovarian cancer cell lines and from three normal human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cell lines. Complementary DNA generated from these pools was hybridized to a microarray slide, and genes overexpressed in the cancer cells were identified. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to examine prostasin gene expression in ovarian cancer and HOSE cell lines. Anti-prostasin antibodies were used to examine prostasin expression and to measure serum prostasin by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 64 case patients with ovarian cancer and in 137 control subjects. Previously determined levels of CA 125, an ovarian cancer marker, were available from about 70% of all subjects. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Prostasin was detected by immunostaining more strongly in cancerous ovarian epithelial cells and stroma than in normal ovarian tissue. The mean level of serum prostasin was 13.7 μg/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.5 to 16.9 μg/mL) in 64 case patients with ovarian cancer and 7.5 μg/mL (95% CI = 6.6 to 8.3 μg/mL) in 137 control subjects (P<.001, after adjustment for the subject's age, year of collection, and specimen quality). In 14 of 16 case patients with both preoperative and postoperative serum samples, postoperative prostasin levels were statistically significantly lower than preoperative levels (P = .004). In 37 case patients with nonmucinous ovarian cancer and in 100 control subjects for whom levels of CA 125 and prostasin were available, the combination of markers gave a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI = 78.1% to 98.3%) and a specificity of 94% (95% CI = 87.4% to 97.7%) for detecting ovarian cancer. Conclusions: Prostasin is overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer and should be investigated further as a screening or tumor marker, alone and in combination with CA 125.
Scale of youth unemployment is a public health emergency, Marmot says
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The scale of youth unemployment across Europe is now a public health emergency, says a world renowned expert on health inequalities.

Michael Marmot, the director of University College London’s new Institute for Health Equity, said that 21% of young people in the European Union were without jobs and faced poor long term prospects for their health as governments “fumbled” to keep pace with economic events.

“This is a warning call. We have to do something really quickly,” he told a conference at the BMA in London. “If we do nothing it will contribute greatly to increasing inequalities in health.”

Health Action Partnership International, a not-for-profit organisation, invited some 200 experts to take part in the conference, called “Social determinants of health: European and …
Research, audit, and education.
Authors: N. Black
Journal: BMJ (1992)

BMJ 1992;304:698-700 The limited ability of cost containment strategies to resolve  problems besetting health services is in? creasingly being recognised. There is a growing aware? ness among politicians, managers, clinicians, and  public that, while changes in  financial management of health services may help to improve  environment in which care is provided, financial measures do not address  underlying issues of  effectiveness, appropriateness, and humanity of care. Leading for Health: a BMA Agenda for Health emphasises  crucial importance in working to improve health by identifying and measuring problems and monitoring new ways of dealing with them.1 The need for a shift in approach was recognised by, among others, Arnold Relman, when he wrote in 1988 of  dawn of the era of assessment and account? ability2: We can no longer afford to provide health care without knowing more about its successs and failures. The Era of Assessment and Accountability is dawning at last; it is  third and latest?but probably not  last?phase of our efforts to achieve an equitable health care system, of satisfactory quality, at a price we can afford. If this approach is to succeed a widespread change in attitude on  part of  medical profession will be required. There needs to be a far greater acceptance of current uncertainties in medical practice, combined with wholehearted support for evaluative research. Without this it will prove impossible to place  health service on a firm, scientific base. This does not mean, as defenders of uncertainty are prone to suggest, that  art of medicine is to be sacrificed but rather that wherever possible scientific evidence should be able to be marshalled to suggest that  care being provided is effective. The new era can be achieved only through, firstly, an expanded programme of health services research; secondly, medical audit to ensure research findings are adopted in clinical practice; and, thirdly, education to change some well established professional attitudes towards medicine.
Efficacy and safety of rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase (Elitek™), in the management of malignancy-associated hyperuricemia in pediatric and adult patients: final results of a multicenter compassionate use trial
Authors: S Jeha, H Kantarjian, D Irwin, V Shen, S Shenoy, S Blaney, B Camitta, C-H Pui
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Cameron promises to ringfence NHS budget in next parliament
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The prime minister has vowed to protect the NHS budget if the Conservatives win power at the general election next year. Speaking at the Conservative Party conference in Birmingham on 1 October, David Cameron said that the key to a well funded NHS was a stable economy.

He said that the Labour Party, at its own conference last week in Manchester, had spread “complete and utter lies” about the Conservatives privatising the NHS. Cameron said that during this parliament he had protected the NHS budget, funded 6500 more doctors and 3300 more nurses, and delivered “a Cancer Drugs Fund to save lives.” And he promised to …
Financial Conflict of Interest Disclosure and Voting Patterns at Food and Drug Administration Drug Advisory Committee Meetings
Authors: Peter Lurie, Cristina M. Almeida, Nicholas Stine, Alexander R. Stine, Sidney M. Wolfe
Journal: JAMA (2006)

In January 2002, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a draft guidance requiring more detailed financial conflict of interest disclosure at advisory committee meetings.To characterize financial conflict disclosures at drug-related meetings, and to assess the relationship between conflicts and voting behavior at meetings that considered specific products.Cross-sectional study using agendas and transcripts from all FDA Drug Advisory Committee meetings (2001-2004) listed on the FDA Web site.Conflict rates, type, and size. The relationship between having a conflict and voting in favor of the index drug was described for each voter using Mantel-Haenszel relative risks and Monte Carlo simulations; Spearman rho was used for a meeting-level analysis comparing rates of conflict with voting patterns. The impact of the removal of persons with conflicts of interest on the vote margins was also evaluated.A total of 221 meetings held by 16 advisory committees were included in the study. In 73% of the meetings, at least 1 advisory committee member or voting consultant disclosed a conflict; only 1% of advisory committee members were recused. For advisory committee members (n = 1957) and voting consultants combined (n = 990), 28% (n = 825) disclosed a conflict. The most commonly specified conflicts were consulting arrangements, contracts/grants, and investments. Nineteen percent of consulting arrangements involved over 10,000 dollars, 23% of contracts/grants exceeded 100,000 dollars, and 30% of investments were over 25,000 dollars. The meeting-level analysis did not show a statistically significant relationship between conflict rates ("index conflict," "competitor conflict," or "any conflict") and voting patterns, but a weak, statistically significant positive relationship was apparent for competitor conflict and any conflict in the Mantel-Haenszel analyses. The Monte Carlo analyses produced similar findings in the competitor conflict analysis only. In all 3 conflict categories, the exclusion of advisory committee members and voting consultants with conflicts would have produced margins less favorable to the index drug in the majority of meetings, but this would not have changed whether the majority favored or opposed the drug.Disclosures of conflicts of interest at drug advisory committee meetings are common, often of considerable monetary value, and rarely result in recusal of advisory committee members. A weak relationship between certain types of conflicts and voting behaviors was detected, but excluding advisory committee members and voting consultants with conflicts would not have altered the overall vote outcome at any meeting studied.
THALLIUM IMAGE ANALYSIS AT TIME ZERO
Authors: David L. Johnson, None Thomason, Thomas D. Kay, Paul V. Celio, David Romo, Mary E. Thompson, Sandy J. Riahi, Gwynne K. Neufeld, George M. McGranahan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Kay, Thomas D.; Celio, Paul V.; Neufeld, Gwynne K.; Johnson, David L.; Romo, David; Thompson, Mary E.; Riahi, Sandy J.; McGranahan, George M. Jr. Author Information
The Treatment of Gonorrhea in Women by Means of Systemic and Additional Pelvic Heating
Authors: William Bierman, Edward A. Horowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1938)

I HE object of the technic which we employ -*to treat gonorrhea in women is the destruction, of the gonococcus within its human host by thermal means. That this can be accomplished at temperatures which the human organism can withstand is amply proved by in vitro experiments, as well as by the clinical experience of other workers and of ourselves. Our technic differs from that described by others in that we apply higher temperatures (108 to 110°F., or 42.3 to 43.5° C.) to the female pelvis while the systemic temperature is simultaneously held at a lower level (at about 106CF., or 41.2°C.) This permits more effective heating in the region where the organism exists
Hypothyroxinemia in Critically III Patients as a Predictor of High Mortality
Authors: Michael F. Slag, John E. Morley, Michael K. Elson, Terry W. Crowson, Frank Q. Nuttall, Rex B. Shafer
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Thyroid function was measured in 86 patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit. Two patients were found to have primary hypothyroidism and were excluded from the study. Hypothyroxinemia with normal thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) levels was found in 22% of the patients and was associated with a high mortality (thyroxine [T<sub>4</sub>] levels less than 3.0 μg/DL, 84% mortality; T<sub>4</sub>levels of 3.0 to 5.0 γg/DL, 50% mortality; and T<sub>4</sub>levels greater than 5.0 γg/DL, 15% mortality). There was a high correlation between low T<sub>4</sub>levels and mortality. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:43-45)
A rare inherited coagulation disorder: Combined homozygous factor VII and factor X deficiency
Authors: Marzia Menegatti, Mehran Karimi, Isabella Garagiola, PierMannuccio Mannucci, Flora Peyvandi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

The combined presence in the homozygous state of more than one recessively transmitted coagulation defect may rarely occur in countries with a high rate of consanguinity. In an Iranian family consisting of two parents (second cousins) and two affected siblings, initial phenotypic analysis led to a diagnosis of mild FX deficiency (10-19% FX activity, 42-54% FX:Ag), and genotyping revealed a new homozygous missense mutation in the corresponding gene (Ser3Cys). As both of the sibs had a severe bleeding history that was not compatible with mild deficiency of FX, further phenotypic analysis revealed the additional presence of severe FVII deficiency (<1% FVII activity; 63-111% FVII:Ag) associated with the homozygous missense gene mutation Cys310Phe. In this kindred, lack of identification of the double coagulation defect might have led not only to incomplete understanding of the clinical phenotype but also to an incorrect prenatal diagnosis.
A Case of Temporary Amblyopia from Eucain.
Authors: Thos. H. Shastid
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Galesburg, Ill., Feb. 6, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The new succedaneum for cocain—eucain— has, I believe proved so useful and so nearly free from danger that its continued employment is not a matter for doubt. I have frequently used it in cases where its points of difference from cocain have seemed to indicate its employment in preference to that drug, and I have often been struck, in such cases, by its excellences. Recently, however, there fell to me an experience of a kind to teach us that eucain certainly has its dangers. The case was that of a man, a physician, aged 32, who came to me with a moderately large hypertrophy of the anterior extremity of the right inferior turbinated bone. Ordinarily, before applying galvanocautery to the turbinated bones, I produce anesthesia with cocain. In this case, however, from the fact that the hypertrophy was seated so far forward,
Renal Aneurysms in Hepatitis B–Associated Polyarteritis Nodosa
Authors: D Chauveau, J L Christophe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. Abdominal arteriography was performed in a 21-year-old drug abuser who presented with rapidly progressive renal failure. During the previous two months she had had fever and diffuse abdominal pain and had lost 12 kg in weight. The recent onset of hypertension (blood pressure, 150/120 mm Hg) and cardiac failure was also noted. Tests for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B virus DNA, and hepatitis C virus antibody were positive, but a test for human immunodeficiency virus antibody was negative. Selective arteriography of the right kidney (Panel A) revealed multiple aneurysms with vessel narrowing and irregularity in medium-sized arteries. . . .
Common Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Mutation Leads to Hyperhomocysteinemia but Not to Vascular Disease
Authors: Lars Brattström, David E. L. Wilcken, John Öhrvik, Lars Brudin
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The results of retrospective and prospective case-control studies have clearly established that mild elevations of the plasma homocysteine level are associated with increased risk of coronary, cerebral, and peripheral vascular disease. Recently, a mutation (677C→T) was identified in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene that results in reduced folate-dependent enzyme activity and reduced remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Mutant homozygotes (TT genotype) constitute ≈12% of the white population and frequently have mildly elevated circulating homocysteine. Therefore, it seems likely that they would also be at increased risk of vascular disease. A number of studies have investigated this during the past 3 years, and the present article evaluates the results in a meta-analysis. Methods and Results —We identified 13 studies in which there were measurements of plasma homocysteine in relation to the 3 genotypes (TT, CT, and CC) and 23 case-control studies comprising 5869 genotyped cardiovascular disease patients (mostly coronary artery disease) and 6644 genotyped control subjects. Those bearing the TT genotype had plasma homocysteine concentrations 2.6 μmol/L (25%) higher than those with the CC genotype. However, there was no difference between patients and control subjects either in the frequency of mutant alleles (T) (34.3% versus 33.8%) or the TT genotype (11.9% versus 11.7%). In the analysis of the 23 studies, the relative risk (OR) of vascular disease associated with the TT genotype was 1.12 (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.37). Conclusions —We conclude that although the C677T/MTHFR mutation is a major cause of mild hyperhomocysteinemia, the mutation does not increase cardiovascular risk. Our findings suggest that the mild hyperhomocysteinemia found frequently in vascular disease patients is not causally related to the pathogenesis of the vascular disease.
Increased Expression of the c-<i>fos</i>Proto-Oncogene in Bone from Patients with Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors: G. Antonio Candeliere, Francis H. Glorieux, Josée Prud'homme, René St.-Arnaud
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Fibrous dysplasia is characterized by intense marrow fibrosis and increased rates of bone turnover. The lesions of fibrous dysplasia resemble those described in the long bones of transgenic mice overexpressing the c-fos proto-oncogene. Activating mutations in the α subunit of the stimulatory guanine-nucleotide–binding protein (Gsα) linked to adenylate cyclase have recently been described in bone cells from patients with the McCune–Albright syndrome and fibrous dysplasia.
SOME EXPERIENCES WITH GAS INSUFFLATION OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBES
Authors: G. L. MOENCH
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In the dispensary of the New York Post-Graduate Hospital, service of Dr. H. D. Furniss, we had, from April, 1921, to April, 1925, more than 5,000 new patients, about nine tenths of whom were married. Less than 600 of these women had been married one year or more, and had never conceived, but only 199 consulted us directly or indirectly because of sterility. There were, further, twenty-one patients who had had one or two children or miscarriages dating back from five to sixteen years and who now wanted to become pregnant again.  On ninety-four of these 220 patients, 115 carbon dioxid insufflations of the tubes (Rubin tests) were made, up to four on the same patient, with the result that twenty-nine women were found to have closed tubes and sixty-five open tubes. This may seem a very small number of gas insufflations of the tubes in view of the large
Syphilitic Interstitial Keratitis
Authors: Michael E. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A 49-year-old otherwise healthy Chinese immigrant presented with a chief complaint of decreased vision in both eyes of several years' duration. The patient reported that at age 20 years she "went blind" in both eyes and was unable to see for several months. Following the use of Chinese herbal medicine topically and penicillin shots intramuscularly, she partially regained her vision. Examination revealed highly arborized interstitial corneal vessels associated with deep stromal scarring that caused corneal opacity (Figs 1 and 2). Numerous red blood cells were seen by retroillumination. Laboratory results were negative for the rapid plasma reagin test and positive for microhemagglutination assay<i>Treponema pallidum</i>(MHA-TP, a specific antibody test), which were compatible with treated syphilis. Interstitial keratitis is an increasingly uncommon condition that is a manifestation of prenatal syphilis.<sup>1</sup>It is thought to be the result of an immunologic phenomenon directed against treponemal antigens deposited in the cornea.
Endoscopic ultrasonography classification of gastric varices in patients with cirrhosis. Comparison with endoscopic findings
Authors: C. Boustière, O. Dumas, C. Jouffre, J.C. Letard, B. Patouillard, J.P. Etaix, C. Barthélémy, J.C. Audigier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)