tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in transgenic mice mimics ischemic preconditioning through SAPK/JNK1/2 activation
Authors: A Martire
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective and methods: Although a beneficial association between innate immunity and ischemic preconditioning has recently been proposed, the mechanisms responsible for this link are poorly understood. To test the hypothesis that pro-inflammatory cytokines have a beneficial role in the activation of the cell survival pathway mediated by ischemic preconditioning, we have studied transgenic mice with cardiac myocyte specific overexpression of murine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). The resistance to ischemia was studied by performing 45-min (with or without injection of the SAPK/JNKs inhibitor D-JNKI1) and 3-day left coronary artery occlusions as well as 45-min left coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 days of reperfusion. In addition, quantitative Western blot analyses for TNF-α, and SAPK/JNK1/2, ERK1/2 and p38 activity were performed. Results: Infarct size, expressed in percent of either the risk area or the left ventricle, was reduced in transgenic mice when compared with control after both, 45-min (14.7±2.6% vs. 52.0±2.4%; P<0.05) and 45-min occlusion followed by 3 days of reperfusion (23.2±1.8% vs. 30.0±1.8%; P<0.05) but it was not significantly different for 3-day occlusion. Western blot analyses showed significantly increased levels of TNF-α (1.8-fold) and phosphorylated-SAPK/JNK1/2 (1.5-fold) in transgenic hearts. Phosphorylated-ERK1/2, and phosphorylated-p38 levels were unchanged. Immunohistochemistry revealed that in transgenic mice monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts are the source of TNF-α, whereas myocytes have increased phosphorylated-SAPK/JNK1/2 levels. In addition, injection of the SAPK/JNKs inhibitor D-JNKI1 partially abrogated the cardioprotective effect observed in untreated transgenic mice. Conclusion: Overexpression of MCP-1 by cardiomyocytes causes chronic infiltration and activation of leukocytes, resulting in elevated TNF-α secretion and SAPK/JNK1/2 activation. The activation of this pathway is in part responsible for the preconditioning effect of MCP-1 overexpression. These results show a possible beneficial link between innate immunity and ischemic preconditioning through MAP-kinase activation.
Tubular dysfunction in the deeply jaundiced patient with hepatorenal syndrome
Authors: William G. Rector, Gary C. Kanel, Jorge Rakela, Telfer B. Reynolds
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

We examined β 2 –microglobulin (B2MG) excretion, an index of tubular function, in patients with hepatorenal syndrome, in whom tubular function is generally regarded as normal. Urine B2MG was significantly higher in these patients than in control patients with normal serum creatinine concentration. Patients with high urine B2MG concentration had markedly higher serum bilirubin than did patients with normal values (31 ± 3 vs. 10 ± 8 mg%, p &lt; 0.001), whereas prothrombin activity, serum albumin and serum B2MG concentration were similar. A “threshold” serum bilirubin concentration of about 23 mg% differentiated patients with normal and high urine B2MG values. Renal morphology at autopsy was unremarkable in both groups. Tubular dysfunction, manifested by increased urinary excretion of B2MG, occurs in patients with hepatorenal syndrome and deep jaundice. This measurement cannot, therefore, be used to make a diagnosis of acute tubular injury, as due to aminoglycosides, in such patients.
Upregulation of the oncogene c-myc in Barrett's adenocarcinoma: induction of c-myc by acidified bile acid in vitro
Authors: C Tselepis
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background and aims:</b> C-myc over expression is implicated in malignancy although to date this has not been studied in Barrett’s metaplasia. We sought to determine c-myc expression in the malignant progression of Barrett’s metaplasia and whether it may be induced by bile acids seen in gastro-oesophageal refluxate. <b>Methods:</b> C-myc protein and mRNA levels were assessed in 20 Barrett’s metaplasia and 20 oesophageal adenocarcinoma samples by western blotting and real time polymerase chain reaction. Levels of c-myc and proliferation were also assessed in cell lines OE21, OE33, SW-480, and TE-7 stimulated with pulses or continuous exposure to the bile acids deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. <b>Results:</b> C-myc protein was upregulated in 50% of Barrett’s metaplasia and 90% of oesophageal adenocarcinoma samples compared with squamous, gastric, and duodenal controls. C-myc immunolocalisation in Barrett’s metaplasia revealed discrete nuclear localisation, becoming more diffuse with progression from low to high grade dysplasia to adenocarcinoma. Both continual and pulsed bile acid induced c-myc at pH 4, with no effect at pH 7 or with acidified media alone. Pulsed bile acid treatment induced proliferation (p&lt;0.05); in contrast, continuous exposure led to suppression of proliferation (p&lt;0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> We have shown upregulation of c-myc with malignant progression of Barrett’s metaplasia and suggest that acidified bile may be a novel agent responsible for induction of this oncogene.
Health Care Choices: Private Contracts as Instruments of Health Reform
Authors: M. Gregg Bloche
Journal: JAMA (1996)

At the heart of our national failure to contain health care costs is our reluctance to empower anyone to say no to medical spending that might yield clinical benefits. That rising medical costs cannot be restrained without withholding beneficial care is widely acknowledged by scholars of health policy. Yet neither President Clinton nor his Congressional opponents risked stating this truth during last year's debate over health care reform. Quite possibly, the president and his critics figured it right. Candid political discourse about the withholding of beneficial treatment may not be what most Americans are prepared to hear. If not, and if the covert rationing of care is unacceptable (or unsustainable), then the scheme of privately administered limit setting developed in rich detail by Clark C. Havighurst in<i>Health Care Choices</i>may represent the most appealing alternative. Havighurst, a professor of law at Duke University and a former health policy adviser
IMPROVED CLINICAL OUTCOME FOLLOWING A MINIMALLY INVASIVE IMPLANTATION TECHNIQUE FOR LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES IMPLANTATION IN ADULTS WITH SEVERE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Sebastian Vicente Rojas, Murat Avsar, Jasmin S. Hanke, Lena Fischer, Laura Repges, Anke Meyer, Tobias Thoms, Bernhard Fleischer, Bettina Wiegmann, Ingo Kutschka, Martin Strüber, Axel Haverich, Jan D. Schmitto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Psychiatry and Society
Authors: Leon Eisenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The very legitimacy of psychiatry as a medical speciality has been challenged by social-labelling theory: the hypothesis that psychiatric disorders are artifacts that result from assigning diagnostic labels to minor deviations in behavior and thus generating expectations that condemn the person to a career of patienthood. Close examination of the evidence demonstrats that, through improper care care retard recovery, psychiatric illness exists before the name assigned to it, and independently of theories about its genesis. In this respect, psychiatric illness does not differ from other medical problems. All human diseases reflect the outcome of an interaction between biology and social organization, with culture in a mediating role. Whatever the proximate cause of disease -- viral, genetic, metabolic or neoplastic -- the way in which society is organized affects prevalence, cause and outcome. The physician's task is to intervene to minimize distress and preserve adaptive capacity, when cure is not possible.
Extensive lentigo simplex, linear epidermolytic naevus and epidermolytic naevus comedonicus caused by a somatic mutation in<i>KRT10</i>
Authors: L. Samuelov, O. Sarig, A. Gat, S. Halachmi, S. Shalev, E. Sprecher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Extensive lentigo simplex, linear epidermolytic naevus and epidermolytic naevus comedonicus caused by a somatic mutation in KRT10 Get access L. Samuelov, L. Samuelov Department of Dermatology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center 6 Weizman Street Tel Aviv 64239 Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Sarig, O. Sarig Department of Dermatology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center 6 Weizman Street Tel Aviv 64239 Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Gat, A. Gat Department of Pathology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center 6 Weizman Street Tel Aviv 64239 Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Halachmi, S. Halachmi Rabin Medical Center Department of Dermatology Laser Unit Petach Tiqva IsraelSackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Shalev, S. Shalev Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa IsraelInstitute of Human Genetics Haemek Medical Center Afula Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Sprecher E. Sprecher Department of Dermatology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center 6 Weizman Street Tel Aviv 64239 IsraelDepartment of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 173, Issue 1, 1 July 2015, Pages 293–296, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13616 Published: 01 July 2015
A phase II study of temozolomide therapy for poor-risk patients aged ⩾60 years with acute myeloid leukemia: low levels of MGMT predict for response
Authors: J M Brandwein, L Yang, A D Schimmer, A C Schuh, V Gupta, R A Wells, S M H Alibhai, W Xu, M D Minden
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Lactulose improves cognitive functions and health-related quality of life in patients with cirrhosis who have minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Srinivasa Prasad, Radha K. Dhiman, Ajay Duseja, Yogesh K. Chawla, Arpita Sharma, Ritesh Agarwal
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) has a negative effect on patients' daily functioning. Thus far, no study has investigated the effect of treatment-related improvement in cognitive functions on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We measured psychometric performance by number and figure connection tests parts A and B, picture completion, and block design tests and HRQOL by the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) of 90 patients with cirrhosis on inclusion into the study and 3 months later. A Z score less than −2 on the neuropsychological (NP) tests was considered abnormal. Sixty-one (67.7%) patients had MHE. They were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive treatment (lactulose) for 3 months (n = 31) or no treatment (n = 30) in a nonblinded design. The mean number of abnormal NP tests decreased significantly in patients in the treated group (baseline, 2.74 [95% CI 2.40-3.08]; after 3 months, .75 [95% CI .36-1.16]) compared with patients in the untreated group (baseline, 2.47 [95% CI 2.19-2.74]; after 3 months, 2.55 [95% CI 2.16-2.94]); multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for time and treatment, P = 0.001. The mean total SIP score improved among patients in the treated group (baseline, 10.39 [95% CI 9.36-11.43]; after 3 months, 3.77 [95% CI 2.52-5.02]) compared with patients in the untreated group (baseline, 10.36 [95% CI 8.98-11.73]; after 3 months, 10.39 [95% CI 8.36-12.42]); MANOVA for time and treatment, P = 0.002. Improvement in HRQOL was related to the improvement in psychometry. Conclusion : Treatment with lactulose improves both cognitive function and HRQOL in patients with cirrhosis who have MHE. (Hepatology 2007;45:549–559.)
Experimental cotton-fibre pulmonary embolism in the rat.
Authors: B Johnston, P Smith, D Health
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Cotton-wool fibres are not uncommonly introduced into systemic veins during medical procedures and are swept into the pulmonary circulation as emboli.To ascertain the histological changes which occur in the pulmonary vasculature, and the time scale of the various cellular reactions we induced experimental cotton-fibre pulmonary embolism in 51 rats.Within an hour the fibres became covered by platelets and plasma proteins and neutrophil polymorphs were attracted around them.By two hours macrophages congregated around the emboli and, with accumulation of epithelioid cells, granulomas were formed.By 16 hours these had increased in size with the appear- ance of foreign body giant cells, and reached their maximum size in three days.By 16 hours the granulomas were in the wall of the pulmonary artery with rupture of the elastic laminae.At the end of a week granulomas had passed through the wall to reach the alveolar spaces.By the sixth month all were extravascular, lying within the alveolar walls or in the peribronchiolar fibrous tissue.The continuity of the arterial media through which the granuloma had passed was restored without haemorrhage.
SYNDROME OF THE ADOLESCENT CHILD MOLESTER
Authors: MERVYN SHOOR, MARY HELEN SPEED, CLAUDIA BARTELT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

We have studied psychiatrically 80 cases of adolescent boys who have molested children under the age of ten, and have described the syndrome and the profile of these pedophiles. We have distinguished between the aggressive and the passive child molester. The aggressive child molester constitutes a danger to the community and is better managed in correctional settings. The passive child molester can reasonably be handled in the community with psychiatric treatment and is a proper candidate for such disposition. Adequate psychiatric consultation is deemed essential, however, before diagnosis and recommendations for disposition are made. Each case warrants a careful psychiatric scrutiny.
Diagnostic Sensitivity of Laboratory Findings in Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: MURRILL M. SZUCS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Many different laboratory tests have been used to screen patients for pulmonary embolism. The sensitivity of certain laboratory tests was assessed in a prospective study of 50 patients with angiographically documented acute pulmonary embolism. Electrocardiographic evidence of right heart strain occurred in only nine patients; each had massive pulmonary embolism. Nonspecific chest X-ray abnormalities (infiltrate, effusion, or elevated diaphragm) occurred in 71%; 29% had a normal chest X ray. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was increased in 83% of the patients, but serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) and bilirubin were of little value. The triad of increased LDH, normal SGOT, and increased bilirubin occurred in only 12%. Lung scans performed in 24 patients were abnormal. Arterial Po2 (breathing room air) was decreased (≤ 80 mm Hg) in all 36 patients tested. Arterial Po2 and lung scan are the most sensitive tests for screening; if either is normal, acute pulmonary embolism is essentially excluded.
The Private Patient and Surgical Training
Authors: Allen Widome
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With a beautiful example of circumlocution and a careful selection of words, Dr. Chase, in his letter, is trying to convince others that resident training is primarily in the interest of the patient (<b>210:</b>2283, 1969). Ancillary services which Chase mentions should be done by ancillary personnel, and this is well understood by the patient, but the primary surgery should be done by the surgeon with whom the patient has contracted. Any other arrangement without patient consent is illegal and would not stand up in any court of the nation. I have yet to walk into an operating room in which there was any doubt as to who was the primary operating surgeon.
Hydrolysis of the elastase substrate succinyltrialanine nitroanilide by a metal-dependent enzyme in rheumatoid synovial fluid.
Authors: J Saklatvala
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

A new type of enzyme hydrolyzing the elastase substrate succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine-4-nitroanilide has been found in cell-free rheuma todi synovial fluid. Normal plasma and osteoarthritic synovial fluid contained relatively little enzyme. The pH optimum was 8.0. Unexpectedly, the enzyme activity was not due to leukocyte elastase or any proteinase bound to alpha2-macroglobulin. The enzyme activity was metal-dependent being inhibited by chelating agents but not by di-isopropylfluorophos phate or thiol-blocking reagents. Gel chromatography showed the enzyme activity was associated with material of high molecular weight. On Sepharose 4B chromatography two-thirds of the activity eluted in the void volume and one-third in a position of about 106 mol wt. Utracentrifugation showed that both components were associated with lipid. The buoyant density of the higher molecular weight material was 1.15-1.22 g/ml., and that of lower molecular weight material was 1.2-1.33 g/ml. No latency of the enzyme was revealed by freezing and thawing or treatment with detergents. The nature of the enzyme is discussed. It is likely to be a proteinase possibly bound to some kind of membrane fragment.
Poverty and Cultural Diversity: Challenges for Health Promotion Among the Medically Underserved
Authors: Jon F. Kerner, Linda Dusenbury, Jeanne S. Mandelblatt
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1993)

In recent decades, there has been remarkable growth in scientific research examining the multiple ways in which racism can adversely affect health. This interest has been driven in part by the striking persistence of racial/ethnic inequities in health and ...Read More
Enhancing the role of the scientific expert witness.
Authors: G S Omenn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

There is growing attention to complex scientific questions in legal cases and the need for scientific expert testimony in these cases, including environmental health issues. This commentary addresses some problems common in expert witness work and recommends ways in which the legal system, the scientist, and our educational institutions can enhance the roles of experts. These recommendations may be particularly relevant for training programs in toxicology, epidemiology, and risk assessment.
The Danger of Methods Often Used at Present in Dusting Waiting Rooms, Cars and Other Public Places.
Authors: Howard A. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Baltimore, Sept. 21, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The day before yesterday on my return from the Parry Sound District in Canada, at the close of a long holiday, I was delayed for about an hour in the Pennsylvania railroad station at Harrisburg. It was in the small hours of the morning, and being weary I nodded and fell asleep for awhile as I sat on the bench, only to be suddenly awakened with a stifling, gasping, choking sensation caused by thick clouds of dust raised by two sweeping men who were vigorously plying their brooms and stirring up all the desiccated filth deposited on the floor by the great continuous traffic of the previous day and night. The waiting room was crowded, late as it was, and all who remained in the room were forced to breathe the pulverized debris which had been tracked in from the streets, mingled with
Identification of low-frequency and rare sequence variants associated with elevated or reduced risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Patrick Sulem, Hannes Helgason, Niels Grarup, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Hafdis T Helgadottir, Hrefna Johannsdottir, Olafur T Magnusson, Sigurjon A Gudjonsson, Johanne M Justesen, Marie N Harder, Marit E Jørgensen, Cramer Christensen, Ivan Brandslund, Annelli Sandbæk, Torsten Lauritzen, Henrik Vestergaard, Allan Linneberg, Torben Jørgensen, Torben Hansen, Maryam S Daneshpour, Mohammad-Sadegh Fallah, Astradur B Hreidarsson, Gunnar Sigurdsson, Fereidoun Azizi, Rafn Benediktsson, Gisli Masson, Agnar Helgason, Augustine Kong, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Oluf Pedersen, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
PWE-174 Evaluation of a Community-Based Nutritional Screening and Intervention Service for Newcastle Elderly Care Home Residents: The Effect on Nutritional and Clinical outcomes
Authors: C G Mountford, A Okonkwo, L Sweeney, N P Thompson
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Malnutrition affects more than 3 million people in the United Kingdom. Elderly care home residents are at particular risk. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of malnutrition in Newcastle elderly care home residents and investigate whether a community nutritional screening and intervention programme could be successfully delivered and could improve nutritional and clinical outcomes in residents who were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a multi-centre community-based cohort study in five care homes in Newcastle. 205 participants entered the study; 66 males and 139 females (mean age 84.2 ± 8.5 years). Residents were excluded if they were receiving end of life or respite care, were in hospital or were uncooperative with measurements. Follow-up data was available on 175 residents. Residents already taking an oral nutritional supplement (ONS) were excluded from the interventions. Those with a ‘Malnutrition Universal Screening Score’ (‘MUST’) of 0 were followed up at 12 weeks, but received no active intervention. Those with a score of 1 received dietetic advice to increase oral intake and those with a score of 2 or more received dietetic advice and were prescribed an ONS (220ml, 1.5kCal/ml) twice daily for 12 weeks. Body mass index (BMI), ‘MUST’ score, mini nutritional assessment score<b>®</b> and mid upper arm muscle circumference (MAMC) were recorded at baseline and 12 weeks. Feeling of wellbeing was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Hospital admission data for the study period were compared to data for the previous year for each home. <h3>Results</h3> Prevalence of malnutrition or risk of malnutrition was 36.6% (95% CI 30.0 to 43.2). Mortality during the study period for residents with a ‘MUST’ score of 0 or 1 was 7.9% and rose to 50.0% in those with a score of 4 (P = 0.004). Nutritional status did not deteriorate in the majority (86%) of residents during the study. However, there were no clinically significant improvements in anthropometric measures, including BMI (P = 0.445) and MAMC (P = 0.256) following any study intervention. There were no significant changes in GDS (P = 0.385) or hospital admission rates (P = 0.537) following any intervention. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Malnutrition is common in care home residents and associated with increased mortality. Nutritional interventions, including ONS, given over a 3-month period in those with a MUST score of 2 or more, did not appear to improve nutritional status, reduce mortality or decrease hospital admission rates. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.