tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long Distance Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Henry T. Ricketts
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Not long ago, in these pages,<sup>1</sup>we mourned the descent of the pituitary gland as king of the endocrine realm. Mechanisms such as the releasing factors of the hypothalamus, the feedback safety valve, and the inhibitor somatostatin had preempted the signals that loosed its fruits or contained them. Now, it has been discovered that the pituitary has lost not its ability to govern the functions of the thyroid but its monopoly with respect to hyperthyroidism. The usurper is the hydatidiform mole, a benign neoplasm of the placenta that secretes human chorionic gonadotropin and has been found to be another thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The first observation of this unlikely maker of thyrotropin was published by Tisné et al<sup>2</sup>in 1955, but it received little attention. In the 1960s, several investigators picked up the clue and redemonstrated the connection between the placental mole and hyperthyroidism. In 1969, Hershman and Starnes
Constitutive exclusion of Csk from Hck-positive membrane microdomains permits Src kinase-dependent proliferation ofTheileria-transformed B lymphocytes
Authors: Martin Baumgartner, Pavla Angelisová, Niclas Setterblad, Nuala Mooney, Dirk Werling, Václav Horejsı́, Gordon Langsley
Journal: Blood (2003)
Dying Is Worked to Death
Authors: Z. J. Lipowski
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am in full accord with Dr. Vaisrub about the distasteful spectacle of swarms of individuals making capital out of the current preoccupation with death. When one looks through the journals at the so-called articles on thanatology, one is appalled by the amount of hollow verbiage that fills the pages. Writing about death has, like pornography, become a commercial enterprise. I think that this whole fad deserves a sociologic study. I suspect that it is in part related to the reaction of Americans to the immense carnage during the last war. I spent my adolescence in wartime Warsaw, where an estimated 800,000 people died a violent death over five years. Two hundred thousand were killed in the 1944 uprising alone. I am fairly well acquainted with the Polish postwar literature and visited the country last month. There is certainly far less vocal preoccupation with death and dying
466. Comprehensive Analyses of Diverse Lentiviral and Retroviral Vectors for Post-Entry Restriction by TRIM5α and Implications for Gene Therapy
Authors: Dyana T. Saenz, Eric M. Poeschla
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We analyzed HIV-1, FIV, EIAV, N-MLV and NB-(i.e., Moloney)- MLV vectors for post-entry restriction by human (Ref1) and monkey (Lv1) activities and by the respective species-specific TRIM5α proteins that mediate them. RT-normalized preparations were compared. FIV, EIAV and HIV-1 vector infectivity varied widely but concordantly in numerous non-primate mammalian cell lines. In contrast, in diverse human and monkey cells, relative restriction of FIV and EIAV compared to HIV-1 varied from none to substantial, with the greatest nonprimate vector infectivity deficits observed in human T cell lines. Using permissive (restriction factor-lacking) non-primate cells engineered to express human or rhesus TRIM5α, we compared restricted (HIV-1, FIV, EIAV, and N-MLV) and unrestricted (NB-MLV) retroviruses across wide ranges of viral inputs. EIAV, FIV and N-MLV vectors were restricted by rhesus and human TRIM5α, while HIV was only significantly restricted by the rhesus allele and NB-MLV was unrestricted. For FIV, human TRIM5α was less restricting than rhesus TRIM5α, while EIAV was approximately equivalently restricted by both alleles. N-MLV was much more proportionately restricted than FIV or EIAV by human TRIM5α. Rhesus and human TRIM5α proteins restricted in a saturable manner, since endogenous and introduced TRIM5α restrictions could be titrated by co-transduction with FIV, HIV-1 or EIAV virus-like particles. We achieved stable RNAi knockdown of endogenous rhesus TRIM5α in FrhK4 cells, which released the Lv1 restriction, resulting in marked increases in all lentiviral vector infectivities while having no effect on negative control NB-MLV. Interestingly, in canine cells but not feline cells, human TRIM5α supported minimal restriction of FIV compared to significant restriction of EIAV, a phenomenon which is under ongoing mechanistic investigation. We conclude that human and rhesus TRIM5α proteins restrict both FIV and EIAV vectors, with the degree of restriction in different human cell lines varying from none to substantial. Human T cells are more susceptible to transduction by HIV vector than either non-primate vector. Stable knockdown of rhesus TRIM5α releases LV1 restrictions. Differential restrictions in canine cells raise the possibility that these proteins may not function autonomously or that a canine factor may interfere. Further development of lentiviral vector gene therapy will benefit from informed appraisal of the consequences of Ref1/human TRIM5α restriction, which may be advantageous or disadvantageous depending on the particular application.
Does evidence based medicine do more good than harm?
Authors: M G Myriam Hunink
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A dvocates of evidence based medicine (EBM) have unleashed a huge move towards asking explicit questions, critical appraisal of the literature, finding and applying the best available evidence, and a rigorous quantitative approach to medicine. But does EBM do more good than harm?

If we argue that medicine needs to be evidence based, then logically we need evidence to support EBM. I have yet to find that evidence. It would be impossible to design a randomised study evaluating the cost effectiveness of EBM that would fulfil the criteria for qualifying as “evidence,” because of the contamination that occurs from one case (doctor) to the next and because the sample size would need to be enormous. Probably the only feasible study would be to measure the costs and (subjectively experienced) usefulness of different forms of continuing education that use an EBM approach and to compare them with a regular approach.

> Do we even need evidence that evidence based medicine works? 

Do we even need evidence that EBM works? Some people say that the …
RADIUM TREATMENT OF EPITHELIOMATA OF THE SKIN
Authors: R. Ward
Journal: BMJ (1930)

M^DW 5J11Sdomestics, but do not encourage other immigrants except nominees-that is, those who have friends already in the country prepared to assist them.Where the medical profession might do great work for the Empire is by encouraging a suitable type of youth to emigrate, one with a good family history, of good physique, ambitious, and above all, with a will to work.Dr. Stewart Mackintosh's observations' suggest that readiness of adaptation to change argues an ancestry derived from many and varied stocks, such as are usually bred together by urban influences.One result of the rapid transition from an agricuiltu-ral to an industrial nation has been the disinte- gration of rural communities, their aggregation in new centres, and the extraction by a severe process of natural selection of types that could adapt themselves to industrial exigencies, and climatic and other conditions.The New World has drawn some of its most hard-working labourers from limbos of despair, men who develop a surprising physique -and energy as soon as they can enter environmental conditions at all conformable to their physical needs.Professor Karl Pearson emphasizes " that it is essentially the man who makes his environment, and not the environment which makes the.man."We have chosen to make ourselves an industrial nation and allow our agriculture to decay; we have offered industrial work to those who made their living on the soil, luring them into the cities and into environments differing in many -respects from those in which they were brought up.A few sons of medical men have come out to Australia since the war, received some training at the Hawkesbury Agricuiltuiral College, and, in some cases, are doing well on the land to-day.If anyone cared to organize a batch of sons of mnedical men, it would not be;difficult to arrange for them to be met on.arrival -and have them distributed to sheep and cattle station owers or farmers in Australia and New Ziealand on-similar lines to -the Big Brotherhood Movement.Certainly if they came out..with the intention of settling and marrying, the Australian girls, who are even a finer type than the inen, would give them a hearty welcome.
Immunoglobulin A and C reactive protein levels in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: A Collado, R Sanmarti, M A Brancos, E Kanterewicz, T Gallart, J Rotes-Querol, A Cobos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Immunoglobulin A and C reactive protein levels in ankylosing spondylitis SIR, We read with interest the recent paper by Sanders et al on the correlation of immunoglobulin and C reactive protein (CRP) levels in 22 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).'The authors found that IgA serum levels, though raised in AS, do not correlate with CRP levels as they do in RA, suggesting that the mechanism of increase of IgA in the two diseases may be different.They conclude that production of IgA in AS is unrelated to the stimulation of acute phase reactants, reflecting a specific mucosal immune stimulation, possibly in the gut.Thus IgA may be a marker of the pathogenesis of AS.We measured immunoglobulin levels (IgA.IgG, IgM) by radial immunodiffusion and CRP levels by neph- elometry in 67 patients (59 male, eight female) with definite AS (New York criteria).The age range was 17-64 years, mean age 42 years.Our results differed from those of Sanders et al (Table 1).The mean serum IgA level in patients with a raised CRP (> 1.5 mg/I) was higher than the mean serum IgA level in patients with CRP <1-5 mg/Il.This difference was significant (p=0-03).Although a positive correlation between IgA and IgG serum levels was found (p=0O03, Spearman's test) only IgA showed a significant positive correlation with CRP levels (p=0.05,Spearman's test).No correlation between IgG or IgM and CRP levels was found.The discordance between our results and those of Sanders et al could be related to the different number of patients included in the survey.To our knowledge, two other groups of researchers have studied the correlation between IgA and CRP levels.Our findings are in accor- dance with those of Cowling and Trull,who showed a positive correlation between IgA and CRP levels.Laurent and Panayi have reported an increase of IgA serum levels in patients with high values of CRP, but no absolute correlation was found5; these data, however, were not shown in their report.r=0-()6 (p=0-68)NS (p=0-65)NS *Mean correlation by Mann-Whitney U test.tSpearman's correlation coefficient (measured in 48 patients with CRP>0-6 mg/l minimal level detected by nephelometry).
233 PATIENTS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS TREATED WITH ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY IN THE PRESENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: H. PLEASURE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

1. In 160 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis who received ECT, no extensive hematogenous spreads such as miliary or meningeal tuberculosis and no involvement of remote organs occurred. 2. In 21.3% of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, the tuberculosis became worse, but there was a high degree of probability that it would not do so if the mental condition improved from ECT, or if the disease was less than far advanced, and if Sputum was negative; and it probably was less likely to become worse in persons over 35 years old. Race and sex appeared to have no definite effect. However, when ECT did not cause symptomatic improvement there was a better-than-50% chance that the tuberculosis would get worse.[SEE FIG 1 TO 6 IN SOURCE PDF] 3. In each group, those whose tuberculosis got worse and those in whom it did not, 66% had 19 or more ECT treatments. There appeared to be no causal relationship between spread of tuberculosis and number of treatments. 4. When there was a spread of tuberculosis, it was usually not very extensive and could be easily managed if the patient had become cooperative. 5. Patients with arrested or inactive tuberculosis did not have more breakdowns when given ECT. 6. The death rate in this series was not increased by the ECT. 7. No special precautions such as curare or routine administration of antituberculous drugs were used and patients with pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, recent thoracoplasty, or excisional surgery were treated without harmful effect. 8. Antituberculous drugs were relatively ineffective in preventing or treating spread of tuberculosis in disturbed patients, but were very useful in treating spreads which occurred during or after ECT, especially if the patient's behavior and mental condition had improved.
Fortnightly review: Drug treatment of depression
Authors: O. Spigset, B. Martensson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Objective</h3> To retrospectively describe clinical and instrumental features of a cohort of patients with at least a 5-year history of idiopathic autonomic failure (IAF) longitudinally evaluated at the Autonomic Unit of the University of Bologna (IAF-Bo cohort). <h3>Methods</h3> We identified patients with at least a 5-year history of IAF who were referred to our department from 1989 to 2016 and evaluated at least once a year during the disease course. Clinical and instrumental data were collected from medical records. Clinical variables were categorized as early if presenting within 3 years from disease onset. Predictors associated with conversion to other synucleinopathies were identified in a Cox regression analysis. <h3>Results</h3> The IAF-Bo cohort included 50 patients (39 male, 19 deceased at the last follow-up). At the last follow-up visit, 34 patients retained IAF phenotype (ncIAF group), while 16 developed a CNS synucleinopathy (converters group). Specific clinical and instrumental features were represented differently in the converters and ncIAF groups. The converters group showed a higher risk of death than the ncIAF group. Early onset of urinary dysfunction, early onset of REM sleep behavior disorder, and a Valsalva ratio ≥1.25 were identified as variables associated with phenoconversion. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is one of the largest studies on the natural history of a cohort of patients with at least a 5-year history of IAF, showing a percentage of phenoconversion of 32%. We demonstrated that specific clinical and instrumental features entail an increased probability of phenoconversion. These findings could contribute to a better definition of the nature of IAF and to the identification of early markers of phenoconversion.
An Operation for Movable Kidney
Authors: G. S. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1914)

nio slhort title (ulless " stasis " be usedl), buit wlichl present symBptomus suggeStiDg trouble lnowV ill onle regoion, nlowY in anotlher-it slhould not be the practice to a)proaclh and expose simiiply tlhe part wlhere tlle trouble is tlhoughllt miiost likely to be, btut by a wvide ilncisioni to investigate the wh liole of tlie abdominial cdntents an(d to recognlize and, as far as possible, remiiedy the var'ious abnormalities.The end results, as far as cani be judced from thlese fewr cases, slhow tlhat, wllile cgreat im-aprovemnent maay be expected, a perfect condition of lhealtlh is niot necessarily attaiied(l.
Medical management of missed abortion and anembryonic pregnancy.
Authors: H. el-Refaey, K. Hinshaw, R. Henshaw, N. Smith, A. Templeton
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Mifepristone (an antiprogesterone) and misoprostol (a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E1) were administered to 60 women diagnosed with missed abortion or anembryonic pregnancy (gestation sac present but no developing embryo) equivalent to 13 weeks' gestation or less who were recruited after counselling. The median age was 227 (range 15-44), and the median duration of amenorrhoea was 71 (42-110) days. 25 of the women had been referred for ultrasound scanning because of bleeding in early pregnancy, while the rest were diagnosed by routine scanning. 29 patients had anembryonic pregnancies, and 31 had a missed abortion. Each patient received a 600 mg single oral dose of mifepristone, and 36-48 hours later misoprostol 600 mcg was given orally (400 mcg and, 2 hours later, 200 mcg). If the products of conception were not expelled within 4 hours, vaginal ultrasonography was performed. 8 patients aborted with mifepristone alone, 43 aborted after taking 600 mcg of misoprostol, and 5 more aborted after receiving a 2nd divided dose of 600 mcg misoprostol. In 3 patients the treatment failed, and they underwent evacuation of the uterus under general anaesthesia. Exploratory curettage was performed in 2 other patients at 14 and 22 days after treatment with misoprostol, but no products of conception were obtained. The median time from administration of misoprostol to abortion was 4 (1-11) hours. The median duration of bleeding after abortion was 10 (2-22) days. Side effects included nausea, vomiting (5 patients received antiemetic drugs), and diarrhoea (7 patients) from misoprostol treatment. 39 women did not want any pain relief, 13 asked for oral analgesia, and 7 obtained parenteral analgesia.
The important role of radiation treatment in the management of Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: G. Hruby, R.A. Scolyer, J.F. Thompson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive, radiosensitive cutaneous neuroendocrine tumour. In this review, the roles of radiation therapy and chemoradiation in the management of Merkel cell carcinoma are described and discussed, and guidelines for patient management are presented. Radiation treatment may be indicated for definitive (> 55 Gy) or adjuvant (> 50 Gy) treatment of the primary tumour site and for prophylactic (> 50 Gy), adjuvant (> 50 Gy) or definitive (> 55 Gy) treatment of the regional lymph node field. If a patient presents with positive margins after initial biopsy or resection, definitive radiation therapy or chemoradiation may be an alternative to further surgery and, importantly, results in less delay than re-resection followed by adjuvant radiation treatment. Given the rarity of this tumour, patients should be enrolled on prospective databases and clinical trials, and managed in a multidisciplinary clinical setting wherever possible.
Pseudomonas Septicemia with Intravascular Clotting Leading to the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction
Authors: Samuel I. Rapaport, Dorothy Tatter, Neil Coeur-Barron, Peter F. Hjort
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

FIBRIN is deposited throughout the glomerular capillary bed of a young rabbit given two appropriately spaced injections of bacterial endotoxin. If the animal lives long enough, bilateral necrosis of the renal cortex follows. Slow intravascular coagulation and impaired clearance of damaged fibrinogen and fibrin are two of the probably multiple factors operating to produce this reaction, which is called the generalized Shwartzman reaction. For a reason as yet unknown a single injection of endotoxin invokes the complete reaction in a pregnant rabbit.The difficulty in producing the reaction in animals other than the rabbit has raised the question of its . . .
WHO warns that death rate from SARS could reach 10%
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The number of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has exceeded 6500, and by 5 May the syndrome had killed 461 people worldwide. The World Health Organization has warned that the death rate may rise to 10% or above.

The situation in China continues to worsen, and there were 4280 confirmed cases and 206 deaths by 5 May, of which 121 …
Hepatic Regulation of Sodium and Water in Ascites
Authors: John B. LaLonde, Sankaran M. V. Valiathan, Walter F. Ballinger
Journal: JAMA (1964)

FACTORS INVOLVED in the production and maintenance of ascites secondary to cirrhosis of the liver are not clearly understood. Outflow obstruction of the hepatic veins, hypoproteinemia,<sup>1</sup>and hyperaldosteronism<sup>2</sup>have been implicated in its etiology. More recently, additional factors have been suggested to play a role in the formation of ascites. Baronofsky<sup>3</sup>succeeded in ameliorating experimental ascites in dogs by thyroidectomy. He postulated a thyroid-adrenal interrelationship in the causation of cirrhotic ascites. Mittlemann<sup>4</sup>reported two patients with ascites secondary to cirrhosis who had a naturesis in the face of rising urinary aldosterone following portacaval shunts. This seeming paradox has not been adequately explained. Watson<sup>5</sup>has called attention to the possibility of a humoral agent released by the cirrhotic liver that could cause ascites. More recently, Wolfman and associates<sup>6,7</sup>have presented experimental evidence that dogs with portacaval shunts retain more sodium and water in response to
Abstract 2335: Role of heparanase in colitis associated cancer
Authors: Michael Elkin, Immanuel Lerner, Yoav Sherman, Esther Hermano, Israel Vlodavsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that is closely associated with colon cancer. Here we report that heparanase enzyme acts as an important mediator of colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Heparanase is an only known mammalian enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate, the major polysaccharide of the extracellular matrix, and plays multiple roles in inflammation and cancer progression. Applying histological specimens from UC patients and a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, we found that heparanase is constantly overexpressed and activated during the course of the disease, both in the active and inactive phases of inflammation. Employing heparanase-overexpressing transgenic mice in the model of colitis-associated cancer, induced by carcinogen azoxymethane followed by repeated DSS administration, we demonstrated that heparanase overexpression markedly increased the incidence and severity of colitis-associated colonic tumors, enabling faster tumor take, angiogenic switch and enhanced tumor progression. Notably, DSS-induced colitis alone (without azoxymethane pretreatment) lead to formation of colonic tumors in heparanase-transgenic, but not wild type mice, positioning heparanase as important physiological determinant in inflammation-driven colon carcinoma, replacing the need for carcinogen. Investigating molecular mechanisms underlying heparanase induction in colitis, we found that macrophage-derived cytokines (i.e., TNFalfa) are responsible for continuous overexpression of heparanase by chronically-inflamed colonic epithelium. Moreover, our results suggest the occurrence of heparanase-driven vicious cycle that power colitis and associated tumorigenesis: heparanase activity in inflamed colon, acting synergistically with the local cytokine milieu, stimulates macrophage activation, and the activated macrophages secrete TNFalfa which stimulate further production of heparanase by colonic epithelium. In addition, activated macrophages secrete cathepsin L - a cysteine protease responsible for proteolytic activation of latent heparanase enzyme. Altogether, our results identify heparanase as a key factor in pathogenesis of colitis-associated cancer and attest macrophages as both heparanase regulators and cellular target for heparanase action. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2335.