tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Groups Release New Guidelines for Treatment of Low Back Pain
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Successful Reperfusion
Authors: Lazaros A. Nikolaidis, Sunil Mankad, George G. Sokos, Glen Miske, Ankur Shah, Dariush Elahi, Richard P. Shannon
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Glucose-insulin-potassium infusions are beneficial in uncomplicated patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) but are of unproven efficacy in AMI with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction because of volume requirements associated with glucose infusion. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a naturally occurring incretin with both insulinotropic and insulinomimetic properties that stimulate glucose uptake without the requirements for concomitant glucose infusion. Methods and Results— We investigated the safety and efficacy of a 72-hour infusion of GLP-1 (1.5 pmol/kg per minute) added to background therapy in 10 patients with AMI and LV ejection fraction (EF) &lt;40% after successful primary angioplasty compared with 11 control patients. Echocardiograms were obtained after reperfusion and after the completion of the GLP-1 infusion. Baseline demographics and background therapy were similar, and both groups had severe LV dysfunction at baseline (LVEF=29±2%). GLP-1 significantly improved LVEF (from 29±2% to 39±2%, P &lt;0.01), global wall motion score indexes (1.94±0.11→1.63±0.09, P &lt;0.01), and regional wall motion score indexes (2.53±0.08→2.02±0.11, P &lt;0.01) compared with control subjects. The benefits of GLP-1 were independent of AMI location or history of diabetes. GLP-1 was well tolerated, with only transient gastrointestinal effects. Conclusions— When added to standard therapy, GLP-1 infusion improved regional and global LV function in patients with AMI and severe systolic dysfunction after successful primary angioplasty.
Clinical Governance in Gastroenterology: G Rubin, R Jones, J Price, et al. Radcliffe, 2000, B/W, pp 101. ISBN 1-85775-438-7
Authors: P Hungin
Journal: Gut (2003)

Osteoporosis and liver disease: additional reasons for coeliac disease screeningWe read with great interest the recently published guidelines on the management of osteoporosis associated with chronic liver disease (Gut 2002;50(suppl I):i1-9).However, we would like to add a few words of comment.Associations between coeliac disease (CD) and primary biliary cirrhosis in particular and other autoimmune liver diseases in general have been reported. [1]2][3] In addition, it has been suggested that these individuals should be considered as an at risk group for whom serological testing for CD is indicated. 1Patients with CD are at high risk of developing low bone mineral density and bone turnover impairment, 1 and it has been shown that adherence to a gluten free diet has a significant positive impact on these parameters. 4 Thus we suggest that physicians caring for patients with the above mentioned liver diseases should screen them for CD in the presence of signs and symptoms suggestive of malabsorption such as osteoporosis.This seems a reasonable strategy as detection of CD will allow for a more rational therapeutic approach to the risks determined by this association.Complications due to the presence of CD, such as malnutrition, anaemia, and osteoporosis, may have a considerable impact on liver disease management and the need/success of transplantation.
Sewing Needle as Pulmonary Foreign Body
Authors: O'Neill Barrett
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The occurrence in and migration from the lungs of metallic foreign bodies is an event unusual enough to warrant reporting. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 30-year-old Spanish woman was treated medically for a bleeding duodenal ulcer. Routine chest x-ray study revealed a metallic object resembling a common sewing needle in the lower part of the left lung field (Figure). Further x-ray studies revealed two parallel fragments of similar type objects in the hip. The patient was born in Spain in a large and poor family. Each of the female members of the family was taught to sew at an early age, usually 5 or 6 years, and this endeavor occupied much of their time. Furthermore, each of the girls was given her own sewing needle, which became a highly valued object and the loss of which resulted in immediate parental discipline. A common overnight repository for the
Evolution of Hospital and Local Authority Antenatal Care Under N.H.S. Act
Authors: T. F. Redman, S. C. B. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1954)

the surface should be seared with a hot iron or knife, and incised with a sterile weapon through the seared area before the culture is taken.Urine may be obtained by catheter, or a sterile syringe and needle can be used to aspirate it direct from the bladder.Certain conditions, not uncommon, may be missed unless specially looked for.Air embolism may be the cause of death in injuries to the neck veins, and occasionally after- criminal abortion with a Higginson syringe.Bubbles of air may be visible in the meninges, and the presence of air in the heart can be detected by opening the pericardium, filling it with water, and then piercing the right auricle.Obviouslv, if decomposition has occurred the test is invalid.Fat embolism is a common cause of death in multiple bone injuries, and fat in the lung may be demonstrated quickly by Robb-Smith's technique.Tiny pieces of lung are treated on a slide with potassium hydroxide until the red blood cells dissolve, when the fat is visible in the pulmonary capillaries.My personal preference is to take organs, especially the lung, brain, and kidneys, to the laboratory and cut frozen sections to be stained with scharlach R.It is primarily the cerebral condition which is fatal, and this is beautifully shown by the frozen method.Pneumothorax, if suspected, may be detected by putting water between the skin flap and the ribs, and opening an intercostal space with a knife and watching for the emission of air.Conditions not specifically mentioned which may be missed are electrocution, be it from faulty apparatus or lightning discharge.Here small burns can be found, parti- cularly at the entry or exit point of the current, while the clothes may be singed or even stripped off the body.I remember an example in which a bone and metal collar-stud disappeared except for the small metal portion, which was driven into the trachea.Acute encephalomyelitis may be detectable only by
Effects of Food on Behavior
Authors: Michael Kushner
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section ofThe Journal, an inquiry was made regarding behavioral abnormalities and food sensitivity in a 4-year-old child.<sup>1</sup>I found the consultant replies to be succinct and to the point, but I feel attention should be paid to possible neurological disorders. The case as presented was characterized by a symptom complex that included headache, abdominal pain, and mood changes. Such a picture could arise as a result of childhood migraine. At this age, an attack may take the form of an acute confusional state with or without other migrainous accompaniments.<sup>2</sup>Dysphoria or mental status changes also can accompany basilar artery migraine.<sup>3</sup>Such syndromes may be the first manifestations of this disorder in young children.<sup>2</sup> It would be of interest to know the age of the child at the onset of symptoms, whether there is a family history of
BACH2 represses effector programmes to stabilize Treg-mediated immune homeostasis - a new target in tumor immunotherapy?
Authors: Rahul Roychoudhuri, Kiyoshi Hirahara, Kambiz Mousavi, David Clever, Michael Bonelli, Christopher Klebanoff, Vittorio Sartorelli, Yuka Kanno, Luca Gattinoni, Ena Wang, Hui Liu, Franco Marincola, Igarashi Kazuhiko, John O’Shea, Nicholas P Restifo
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Through their functional diversification, distinct lineages of CD4+ T cells play key roles in either driving or constraining immune-mediated pathology and anti-tumor immune responses. Transcription factors are critical in the generation of cellular diversity, and negative
Significance of Increased TI-201 Uptake by the Lungs in Patients Undergoing Oral Dipyridamole-Thallium Myocardial Imaging
Authors: ASSAD MOVAHED, WILLIAM C. REEVES, JANE BATTS, STANLEY R. JOLLY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of increased Tl-201 uptake by the lungs after oral dipyridamole testing. In conjunction with myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, intravenous dipyridamole has been recently approved as an alternative to exercise for the evaluation of coronary artery disease in patients who cannot adequately exercise, and it will largely replace oral dipyridamole testing. This study contributes to the understanding of the significance of increased lung thallium uptake during pharmacologic stress testing. Oral dipyridamole, 400 mg, was administered to 192 patients undergoing Tl-201 imaging for clinical indications. Mild adverse effects occurred in 31% of patients (chest pain, nausea, headache, or flushing). Dipyridamole had minimal hemodynamic effects. The lung/heart thallium activity ratio was determined in 152 patients. These were subdivided into four groups according to the presence or absence of ischemia, transient myocardial perfusion defect, or scar as indicated by a fixed myocardial perfusion defect. In 61 patients without transient myocardial perfusion defect or fixed myocardial perfusion defect (group 1), the lung/heart thallium activity ratio was 0.39 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- SEM). In 31 patients without transient myocardial perfusion defect but with fixed myocardial perfusion defect (group 2), the lung/heart thallium activity ratio was higher, 0.44 +/- 0.02 (P less than 0.05). In 27 patients with transient myocardial perfusion defect but no fixed myocardial perfusion defect (group 3) and in 33 patients with both transient myocardial perfusion defect and fixed myocardial perfusion defect (group 4), the lung/heart thallium activity ratio was 0.51 +/- 0.03 and 0.52 +/- 0.03, respectively, both significantly higher than either group 1 or group 2 (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Capillary Pattern in Familial Schizophrenics
Authors: HILDEGARD RAND MARICQ
Journal: Circulation (1963)

The nailfold capillary pattern was studied in 152 subjects: 60 normal, 50 familial, and 42 nonfamilial schizophrenic patients. Significant correlation exists between family history and visibility of the subpapillary plexus in the nailfold. The duration of illness is greater and there are more older patients in the familial group. High plexus rating is not related to chronological age, sex, or duration of illness. The incidence of above normal blood pressure is essentially the same in high plexus-low plexus groups. It is concluded that there is a familial group of schizophrenic patients constitutionally different from the other schizophrenics; the combination of family history and plexus rating as criteria make it possible to select a homogeneous group of patients for further study in schizophrenia.
Diabetes is a progression factor for hepatic fibrosis in a high fat fed mouse obesity model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Lisa Lo, Susan V. McLennan, Paul F. Williams, James Bonner, Sumaiya Chowdhury, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Mark D. Gorrell, Dennis K. Yue, Stephen M. Twigg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Tc-99m Red Blood Cell Uptake in Positive Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy by Two Accessory Spleens
Authors: Isabel Mart??nez-Rodr??guez, Roberto H. Allende, Ignacio Banzo, Remedios Quirce, Julio Jim??nez-Bonilla, Aurora Sainz-Esteban, Jos?? Manuel Carril
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Two abdominal masses revealed by CT showed uptake on an In-111 pentetreotide SPECT scan done because of clinical suspicion of a paraneoplastic syndrome. Because the patient had a previous traumatic splenectomy, accessory spleens were also suspected and Tc-99m red blood cell SPECT showed uptake in the 2 lesions. This is a report on the value of the addition of the Tc-99m red blood cell SPECT when accessory spleens may be the cause of In-111 pentetreotide uptake. Therefore, the combined use of both techniques is suggested in this setting.
Subunit Expression of the Cardiac L-Type Calcium Channel Is Differentially Regulated in Diastolic Heart Failure of the Cardiac Allograft
Authors: Roger Hullin, Friedrich Asmus, Andreas Ludwig, Joachim Hersel, Peter Boekstegers
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is a major cause of cardiac allograft failure. Multimeric L-type calcium channels (α 1 -, α 2 /δ-, and β-subunits) are essential for excitation/contraction coupling in the heart. Their gene expression was studied in allografts that developed diastolic heart failure. Methods and Results —mRNA levels of calcium channel subunits were measured by competitive reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction in microbiopsy samples from the interventricular septum. Size and tissue variabilities between biopsy samples were assessed by determination of cardiac calsequestrin mRNA levels. In the cardiac allografts studied, mRNA levels in microbiopsy samples were considered to represent left ventricular gene expression, because septal and left ventricular gene expression in Northern blots was equivalent, and left ventricles contracted homogeneously. Biopsy samples (n=72) were taken from allografts with normal left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP; 8 to 13 mm Hg; n=30), moderately elevated LVEDP (14 to 18 mm Hg; n=26), and elevated LVEDP (19 to 28 mm Hg; n=16). Increased LVEDP was related to slowed diastolic relaxation determined by the time constant τ ( r 2 =0.86), whereas systolic performance (dP/dt; ejection fraction) was preserved. With increasing LVEDP, mRNA levels of the pore-forming α 1c -subunit (n=15) and of the regulatory α 2 /δ-subunit (n=17) remained unchanged but decreased exponentially ( r 2 =−0.83) for the regulatory β-subunit (n=40). Compared with cardiac allografts with normal LVEDP (n=15), β-subunit mRNA level was reduced by 75% at elevated LVEDP (n=9; P =0.012). In an explanted, diastolically failing cardiac allograft, β-subunit expression was reduced correspondingly by 72% and 76% on the mRNA level in septal and left ventricular myocardium and by 80% on the protein level. Conclusions —The downregulated expression of the calcium channel β-subunit might contribute to altered calcium handling in diastolically failing cardiac allografts.
-adrenoceptor antagonists and the release of creatine phosphokinase from hypoxic heart muscle
Authors: W. G. NAYLER, A. GRAU, C. YEPEZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

The ability of several beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with partial agonist activity (dl-oxprenolol, dl-acebutolol and dl-practolol) to attenuate the release of CPK that occurs during hypoxia (pO2 less than 0.8 kPa [6 MMHg]) has been studied and compared with the protection provided by dl-propranolol. dl-propranolol attenuated the hypoxic-induced release of CPK. The activity resided in the l isomer. dl-oxprenolol, acebutolol, and practolol were either less effective than propranolol in preventing CPK release, or they exacerbated the release. The protective effect of dl-propranolol extended to the hypoxic hyperthyroid heart but not to hearts that were perfused under aerobic (pO2 greater than 80 kPa [600 mmHg]) Ca2+-free conditions.
Effects of intranasal fluticasone and salmeterol on allergen‐induced nasal responses
Authors: K. Parameswaran, A. Fanat, P. M. O'Byrne
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Combination of inhaled steroid and long-acting beta-agonists has synergistic effects in asthma.To investigate whether nasal corticosteroid and long-acting beta-agonists have synergistic effects on allergen-induced nasal responses.The effects of intranasal treatment with fluticasone p-MDI (50 microg bid), salmeterol p-MDI (25 microg bid), their combination, and placebo, on nasal symptoms, eosinophil differential cell count and albumin in nasal lavage fluid (measures of inflammation and leakage respectively) and nasal electrical potential difference (measure of epithelial integrity) were studied in 11 atopic subjects with rhinitis, in a randomized, partially-blinded, 4-period, cross-over study. The measurements were made at baseline, at the end of 1 week of treatment, and immediately after a nasal allergen provocation.Allergen-induced sneeze, postnasal drip and nasal obstruction were significantly reduced by fluticasone, but not by salmeterol. Eosinophil count in postallergen nasal lavage fluid was significantly less after fluticasone (median 1.9%, IQR 4.6) and salmeterol treatment (median 2.5%, IQR 8.5) compared with placebo (median 12.5%, IQR 27.9). Compared with placebo, both fluticasone and salmeterol attenuated allergen-induced change in nasal potential (mean change from baseline -18.5, +0.4 and -7.2% respectively) and the increase in nasal albumin (median 154, 119 and 130 ng/ml respectively). Combination treatment did not have any additional benefits over the individual therapies.Although salmeterol has anti-inflammatory properties, intranasal salmeterol or its combination with fluticasone do not offer any added benefit over intranasal fluticasone alone for allergen-induced nasal responses.
The effects of a shampoo containing zinc pyrithione on the control of dandruff
Authors: R. MARKS, A.D. PEARSE, A.P. WALKER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Thirty‐two subjects who suffered from dandruff participated in a study in which one‐half of the head was washed with a shampoo containing 1% zinc pyrithione (ZPT) and the other half was washed with the same shampoo without ZPT. Four groups, eight subjects per group, were shampooed one, three, six or nine times (shampoo frequency twice per week). Clinical dandruff gradings of each half of the head were made 4 days after the last shampoo in each group, when scalp biopsy samples were also taken from each half of the head. Measurements of labelling index (LI), mean epidermal thickness (MET), and assessment of the numbers of PAS‐ and Gram‐positive micro‐organisms were made on the biopsy samples. There was a progressive reduction in dandruff on the sides of the head treated with the ZPT shampoo, the differences relative to the placebo‐treated areas being statistically significant after three, six and nine washes. There were no significant differences in L1 between treatment groups and the MET was shown to vary according to the treatment and the number of washes. There was a significant reduction in the number of PAS‐positive micro‐organisms (but not Gram‐positive micro‐organisms) on the ZPT‐treated areas.
MGH Textbook of Emergency Medicine: Emergency Care as Practiced at the Massachusetts General Hospital
Authors: John C. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<i>MGH Textbook of Emergency Medicine</i>is a comprehensive review of the myriad medical problems facing the specialist in emergency medicine. The text, now in its second edition, is dedicated to the house staff of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and purports to define the practice of emergency medical care for that institution. It is divided into five sections—"Life Support" (68 pp), "Medicine" (394 pp), "Surgery" (354 pp), "Administration" (93 pp), and "Illustrated Techniques" (49 pp)— and includes a detailed index. "Life Support" addresses pathophysiology, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, shock, and trauma. The latter three topics are standard reviews without fanfare. "Shock" addresses bacteremia in a refreshing tabular format, which should prove helpful to clinicians faced with a septic patient. "Pathophysiology," conversely, is a concise and well-written chapter, which will provide an excellent review and helpful reference for even the most astute of emergency physicians. "Medicine" divides the remaining nonsurgical emergency problems into
Two Mosquito LRR Proteins Function as Complement Control Factors in the TEP1-Mediated Killing of Plasmodium
Authors: Malou Fraiture, Richard H.G. Baxter, Stefanie Steinert, Yogarany Chelliah, Cécile Frolet, Wilber Quispe-Tintaya, Jules A. Hoffmann, Stéphanie A. Blandin, Elena A. Levashina
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
Chronic sarcoid arthritis.
Authors: R R Grigor, G R Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1976)

also recorded as palpable.In two of these patients splenic enlargement was confused with a massively enlarged left lobe of the liver and in another a large intra-abdominal tumour was subsequently shown to have caused the mass.Nevertheless, palpation gave false-positive results in 10-5 % of cases and percussion in 16-6%.
218. Gene Therapy and Enzyme Replacement in a Mouse Model of Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
Authors: Michael Chang, David Sleat, Seng Cheng, Marco Passini, Peter Lobel, Beverly L. Davidson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) is one of a group of autosomal recessive neurodegenerative diseases caused by deficiencies in lysosomal proteins and characterized clinically by progressive motor and cognitive decline, progressive vision loss, intractable seizures, and premature death. Currently available treatments for these disorders are merely supportive and do not alter disease progression, supporting investigations into novel treatments. Enzyme replacement therapy is a currently available treatment for some lysosomal storage diseases affecting primarily peripheral tissues, but has not been beneficial in those with central nervous system involvement. Enzyme delivery through the cerebrospinal fluid is a potential alternative route to the central nervous system, but it has not been widely studied. Using a transgenic mouse model of LINCL, a pilot study was done to determine the efficiency of enzyme delivery to the CNS following intraventricular injection. Osmotic pumps (Alzet, Cupertino, CA) were used to deliver recombinant tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1, Genzyme, Cambridge, MA), which is deficient in the mouse. Pumps were implanted subcutaneously in 18 week old mice and delivered 100 ul enzyme (1.6 mg/ml) through a permanently implanted intraventricular cannula at a rate of 1ul/hr. One week after enzyme delivery, immunostaining for TPP1 in brain sections revealed enzyme distribution throughout the meninges, as well as regions of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, corpus callosum, and areas adjacent to these structures. In addition, TPP1 enzyme activity met or exceeded heterozygous levels throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the brain. This data suggests that the cerebrospinal luid may mediate enzyme uptake in the CNS. Additional studies are underway to determine the effects of this approach on the neuropathological and behavioral phenotypes observed in the TPP1-deficient mouse, as well as to compare the enzyme replacement approach to a viral vector approach in which TPP1 is expressed and secreted from the ependyma via an adeno-associated virus.