tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the effect of serotonin on rat ileal transport by cisapride: evidence in favour of the involvement of 5-HT2 receptors.
Authors: K J Moriarty, N B Higgs, M Woodford, G Warhurst, L A Turnberg
Journal: Gut (1987)

Cisapride is a synthetic drug which binds, in vitro, to type 2 serotonin receptors. We examined the influence of serotonin and cisapride on ion transport across intestinal mucosa in vitro and studied the effect of cisapride on the response to serotonin. Segments of ileum of male Sprague-Dawley rats were stripped of muscle layers and mounted in flux chambers. The addition of serotonin (10(-8) to 10(-4) M) to the serosal aspect of the mucosa caused a rapid, dose-dependent rise in short circuit current and transmural potential difference. Cisapride alone (5 X 10(-5) M), when added to the mucosal and serosal surfaces, had no effect on the short circuit current, transmural potential difference, resistance, or sodium and chloride fluxes across the mucosa. It did, however, inhibit the response of the mucosa to serotonin (10(-5) M) in a dose dependent manner and blocked it completely at a concentration of 5 X 10(-5) M. Serotonin (5 X 10(-5) M) increased serosal to mucosal flux of chloride from 12.6 +/- 0.8 to 15.2 +/- 0.6 mumol/cm2/h (p less than 0.025), thus reducing net chloride absorption from 4.65 +/- 0.81 to 1.49 +/- 1.04 mumol/cm2/h (p less than 0.05). This effect was completely blocked by cisapride (5 X 10(-5) M). In summary, cisapride inhibits the effect of serotonin on rat ileal ion transport, probably by blocking type 2 serotonin receptors.
Performance of Blood-group Tests
Authors: G. L. Taylor, E. W. Ikin
Journal: BMJ (1939)

ITH BRISH 1027 may show small pockets at intervals where egg-laying probably occurs.When the track through the skin is located the cedarwood oil is wiped off with xylol and the parts cleaned with ether or spirit.Using the eye-spud, the track is then laid open to its terminus, taking care not to draw blood, which obscures visibility.The drops of clear fluid in the burrow are transferred to a slide and covered with a cover-slip for examination under an ordinary microscope.A drop of distilled water on a clean slide prepared with Mayer's egg albumen facilitates the procedure.In this way I was successful in obtaining what appear to be four stages in the development of a -.... .....
697 KIR2DL5 AND HLA-BW4I80 ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LONGER OVERALL SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LIVER RESECTION FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: E. Cariani, M. Pilli, A. Zerbini, C. Rota, A. Olivani, D. Canetti, P. Zanelli, A. Zanetti, C. Ferrari, G. Missale
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Major determinants of hyperhomocysteinemia in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Andreas Vychytil, Manuela Födinger, Gabriele Wölfl, Brigitte Enzenberger, Martin Auinger, Friedrich Prischl, Martina Buxbaum, Martin Wiesholzer, Christine Mannhalter, Walter H. Hörl, Gere Sunder-Plassmann
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 2C9 Improves Endothelium-Dependent, Nitric Oxide–Mediated Vasodilatation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Stephan Fichtlscherer, Stefanie Dimmeler, Susanne Breuer, Rudi Busse, Andreas M. Zeiher, Ingrid Fleming
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Nitric oxide (NO)- and prostacyclin-independent vasodilatation in several vascular beds has been linked to the activation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases expressed in endothelial cells. However, these enzymes, which generate vasodilator epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, may also produce oxygen-derived free radicals, which attenuate the bioavailability of NO. Here, we studied the involvement of CYP 2C9 in modulating endothelium-dependent and -independent changes in forearm blood flow (FBF) in healthy volunteers and in patients with manifest coronary artery disease.The effects of sulfaphenazole, a selective inhibitor of CYP 2C9, on endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) FBF responses were measured by venous occlusion plethysmography in 5 healthy subjects and in 16 patients with angiographically documented stable coronary artery disease. Sulfaphenazole did not modify FBF responses to acetylcholine or SNP in healthy subjects. In contrast, sulfaphenazole markedly and dose-dependently enhanced the FBF response to acetylcholine without affecting the response to SNP. Vitamin C also increased the FBF response to acetylcholine, but this effect was further potentiated by sulfaphenazole. In the presence of N(omega)-monomethyl-l-arginine, sulfaphenazole failed to significantly improve acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation. The oxidation of serum proteins was enhanced in patients with coronary artery disease, and this effect was significantly attenuated by sulfaphenazole.The CYP 2C9 inhibitor sulfaphenazole enhances endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses in patients with manifest coronary artery disease. This effect seems to be related to an increase in the bioavailability of NO, probably as a consequence of an attenuated generation of reactive oxygen species by CYP 2C9 in endothelial cells.
Clinical Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Using Valve Academic Research Consortium Definitions
Authors: Philippe Généreux, Stuart J. Head, Nicolas M. Van Mieghem, Susheel Kodali, Ajay J. Kirtane, Ke Xu, Craig Smith, Patrick W. Serruys, A. Pieter Kappetein, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Laparoscopic Gastric Banding Prevents Type 2 Diabetes and Arterial Hypertension and Induces Their Remission in Morbid Obesity
Authors: Antonio E. Pontiroli, Franco Folli, Michele Paganelli, Giancarlo Micheletto, Pierluigi Pizzocri, Paola Vedani, Francesca Luisi, Lucia Perego, Alberto Morabito, Santo Bressani Doldi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—Lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions can prevent type 2 diabetes in obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and conventional diet (No-LAGB) in the prevention (primary intervention study; 56 vs. 29 patients) and remission (secondary intervention study; 17 vs. 20 patients) of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in grade 3 obesity in a 4-year study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The subjects (n = 122; age 48.5 ± 1.05 years; BMI 45.7 ± 0.67 kg/m2) underwent a diagnostic workup, including psychological and psychiatric assessments, in preparation for the LAGB procedure. Of the 122 subjects, 73 had the surgery (LAGB group). The control group (No-LAGB group) consisted of the 49 subjects who refused the surgery but agreed to be followed up; 6 of these subjects dropped out by the 2nd year of the study, so that the final number of patients was 73 and 43 in the LAGB and No-LAGB groups, respectively. All patients had a yearly visit and oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS—From baseline to the end of the 4-year follow-up, BMI decreased from 45.9 ± 0.89 at baseline to 37.7 ± 0.71 kg/m2 in the LAGB group and remained steady in the No-LAGB group (from 45.2 ± 1.04 to 46.5 ± 1.37 kg/m2), with no significant differences between the primary and secondary intervention groups. In the primary intervention study, five of the No-LAGB subjects (17.2%) and none of the LAGB subjects (0.0%; P = 0.0001) progressed to type 2 diabetes; in the secondary intervention study, type 2 diabetes remitted in one No-LAGB patient (4.0%) and seven LAGB patients (45.0%; P = 0.0052). Hypertension occurred in 11 No-LAGB patients (25.6%) and 1 LAGB patient (1.4%; P = 0.0001) and remitted in 1 No-LAGB (2.3%) and 15 LAGB patients (20.5%; P = 0.0001). A study of body mass composition revealed a significant reduction of fat mass and a transitory, but not significant, decrease of fat-free mass in LAGB patients. CONCLUSIONS—In morbid obesity, sustained and long-lasting weight loss obtained through LAGB prevents the occurrence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension and decreases the prevalence of these disorders.
PTH-040 Using Nice Criteria To Assess The Management Of Acute Upper Gi Bleeds During Weekends – The Experience Of A District General Hospital
Authors: I Al Bakir, S Oke, T Rashid, SM Greenfield
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The management of acute upper GI bleeds (AUGIB) comes under greatest stress at weekends; this is a topical concern given the national drive towards a 7 day working week. We previously described the development of a centralised cross-county out of hours endoscopy service.<sup>1</sup> We aim to critically appraise this service against NICE guidelines (CG141) and quality standards (QS38) for the management of AUGIB. <h3>Methods</h3> Our computer-based endoscopy database was retrospectively analysed to identify patients undergoing gastroscopy (OGD) for AUGIB during the weekend in 2012. Full demographic information and OGD reports were identified in all 95 cases; complete patient records were located for 66 (69%) patients. <h3>Results</h3> The average patient age was 71. 66% were new episodes of AUGIB: the rest had AUGIB during admission with different pathology. 11% (10) of patients did not survive their admission. 81% (76/95) had significant diagnoses on OGD. Of note, 38% (36) of patients had peptic ulcer disease, 8% (7) had cancer and 5% (4) had varices. While 86% (57/66) of patients received a pre-endoscopy Rockall score, 11% had full Rockall scores, and only 3% had a Blatchford score documented. 55% (37) of patients underwent transfusion; half were overtransfused to a Hb &gt;10 g/dL. Correction of coagulopathy was adequate in 4 of 6 patients. Platelet and recombinant factor VII use was in keeping with NICE guidance. 36% of patients inappropriately received intravenous PPI prior to OGD. Only 1 of 5 patients with suspected variceal bleeding received antibiotics and terlipressin at presentation. 6% (4/66) of patients remained haemodynamically unstable despite resuscitation – all had OGDs within four hours of admission. 88 and 95% of patients underwent OGDs within 24 and 48 h of admission respectively. The main reasons for delays were lags in submitting OGD request forms and inadequate fasting, rather than a lack of endoscopy capacity. All patients received appropriate endoscopic therapy modalities, and timely repeat OGDs or surgical intervention when warranted. All patients on aspirin for secondary prevention of vascular events were recommenced on aspirin when haemostasis was safely achieved. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The trust provides a comprehensive out of hours endoscopy service, particularly for emergency cases with persisting haemodynamic instability. There remains scope for further improvement in pre- and post-endoscopy care. This exercise highlights the use of NICE-generated standards in guiding service development, and can be replicated in most district general hospitals. <h3>Reference</h3> 1Shokouhi BN <i>et al</i>. The setting up and running of a cross-county out-of-hours gastrointestinal bleed service: a possible blueprint for the future. <i>Frontline Gastroenterol</i> 2013;4:3 227–231 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Ciclesonide has minimal oropharyngeal side effects in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe asthma*1
Authors: J.A. Bernstein, M.J. Noonan, C. Rim, J. Fish, S. Kundu, J. Williams, D.D. Banerji, P. Hamedani
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
CHROMOSOME STUDIE IN PITCH WARTS
Authors: J. D. EVERALL, SYLVIA D. LAWLER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article CHROMOSOME STUDIE IN PITCH WARTS Get access J. D. EVERALL, INGER‐LISE HANSTEEN, J. D. EVERALL, INGER‐LISE HANSTEEN Department of Clinical Research, Royal Marsdon Hospital, and Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London, S.W.3 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SYLVIA D. LAWLER SYLVIA D. LAWLER Department of Clinical Research, Royal Marsdon Hospital, and Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London, S.W.3 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 5, 1 May 1967, Pages 271–277, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb11490.x Published: 01 May 1967
Characterization of the MODY3 phenotype. Early-onset diabetes caused by an insulin secretion defect.
Authors: M Lehto, T Tuomi, M M Mahtani, E Widén, C Forsblom, L Sarelin, M Gullström, B Isomaa, M Lehtovirta, A Hyrkkö, T Kanninen, M Orho, S Manley, R C Turner, T Brettin, A Kirby, J Thomas, G Duyk, E Lander, M R Taskinen, L Groop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) type 3 is a dominantly inherited form of diabetes, which is often misdiagnosed as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Phenotypic analysis of members from four large Finnish MODY3 kindreds (linked to chromosome 12q with a maximum lod score of 15) revealed a severe impairment in insulin secretion, which was present also in those normoglycemic family members who had inherited the MODY3 gene. In contrast to patients with NIDDM, MODY3 patients did not show any features of the insulin resistance syndrome. They could be discriminated from patients with IDDM by lack of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-Ab). Taken together with our recent findings of linkage between this region on chromosome 12 and an insulin-deficient form of NIDDM (NIDDM2), the data suggest that mutations at the MODY3/NIDDM2 gene(s) result in a reduced insulin secretory response, that subsequently progresses to diabetes and underlines the importance of subphenotypic classification in studies of diabetes.
Anistreplase versus alteplase in acute myocardial infarction: Comparative effects on left ventricular function, morbidity and 1-day coronary artery patency
Authors: Jeffrey L. Anderson, Lewis C. Becker, Sherman G. Sorensen, Labros A. Karagounis, Kevin F. Browne, Prediman K. Shah, Douglas C. Morris, Dan J. Fintel, Hiltrud S. Mueller, Allan M. Ross, Suzanne M. Hall, Jack C. Askins, Andrew J. Doorey, Cindy L. Grines, Fidela L. Moreno, Victor J. Marder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Breast or bottle.
Authors: P H Bolton-Maggs
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The medical profession pays lip service to the benefits of breast-feeding but in practice encourages bottle-feeding.  A firsthand account from a doctor who was determined to breast-feed her own child tells of hospital routines and attitudes that discouraged breast-feeding.  Fatigue along with constant interruptions and lack of privacy nearly persuaded her to switch to bottle-feeding.  The mother nursing on demand is awakened 2 or 3 times a night.  The calorie burning advantages of lactation are inadequately publicised.  It is easier to return to prepregnant weight.  If no extra fat has built up the mother can eat for two.  Hospital literature was inadequate regarding breast-feeding but pictures of women bottle-feeding were prominently displayed.  The clock and nurses care may benefit the mothers fatigue but incidence rates in mistakes in mixing the feed suggest that Natures way may be the best.
Empty Beclomethasone Cartridge
Authors: Herbert I. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An asthmatic patient of mine who has had a gratifying response to beclomethasone diproprionate (Vanceril) inhalation recently phoned me to report the following. He had been on a trip and, on his return, had had a setback in his asthma. He attributed this to changes of climate and other factors associated with travel. He also started using a new beclomethasone cartridge and had gotten better. He later realized that his empty beclomethasone cartridge jiggled within the plastic container when he shook it. This caused a palpable sensation in his hand almost identical to that of a beclomethasone cartridge that still contained medication. He then realized that the setback had been the result of using an empty cartridge. (Apparently, in using this device it is not possible with the ear or the mouth to be aware that the cartridge no longer contains medication.) When he took the cartridge
General Psychiatry as a Primary-Care Specialty
Authors: Lewis Glickman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This letter is to correct a statement in the COMMENTARY by Oken and Fink about the increased "medicalization" of Psychiatry: "The recent reinstitution of the internship requirement by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology reflects and enhances this process." The internship requirement has not been reinstituted by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. The psychiatric residency has been increased from three years to four. The four-year residency will begin immediately after completion of medical school. Four months of the four-year period must include experience in the care of the organically ill. The form and content of this experience have not been determined as yet. Four months of experience does not constitute an internship, especially since the amount of responsibility that will be accorded the psychiatric resident by the chairmen of medicine, pediatrics and family practice departments through which psychiatric residents will rotate is, as yet,
Students' Knowledge of and Attitudes about Female Circumcision in Egypt
Authors: M F Allam, J de Irala-Estevez, R F Navajas, A S del Castillo, J S Hoashi, M B Pankovich, J R Liceaga
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Palomaki et al. (April 1 issue) 1 reported recently that 96 women from Maine had pregnancies, with estimated or actual dates of delivery between 1991 and 1996, in which open spina bifida or anencephaly developed in the fetuses.In addition, they found no decrease in the prevalence of these preventable birth defects.In 1991, the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study Research Group reported the results of a randomized, controlled trial that found that synthetic folic acid taken in the form of a pill prevents 72 percent of cases of spina bifida and anencephaly. 2Had an effective program of folic acid supplementation been implemented in Maine immediately after the publication of the results of the Medical Research Council vitamin study, most of the women in the study by Palomaki et al. would not have had pregnancies affected by these birth defects.Had there been an effective national program, 20,000 pregnancies in the United States between 1992 and 1999 would not have been affected -more than the number of pregnancies affected by thalidomide-induced birth defects in Europe 40 years ago.The failure to implement effective programs for protection against folic acid-preventable birth defects is causing a continuing public health emergency.Since 1991, approximately 64 children have lost their lives because of front-seat air bags.The 20,000 pregnancies unnecessarily affected by folic acid-preventable birth defects constitute an opportunity for prevention more than 300 times as great as the opportunity to control the number of deaths among children resulting from front-seat air bags.It is not surprising that the emergency continues.The
THE MANAGEMENT OF PRISON TUBERCULOSISWITH THE AID OF TUBERCULIN AS A DIAGNOSTIC AGENT.
Authors: JEWETT V. REED
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The object of this paper is not to give any new facts in regard to tuberculosis or the use of tuberculin, but merely to give the methods used and results obtained in an attempt to combat the spread of tuberculosis from one point of this many-sided question, and in the hope that the suggestions here given will lead to similar work in other institutions of the kind. The question is not one that concerns the welfare of the inmates only, but the community at large. Men who are perfectly well, on entering these institutions, run a greater risk of contracting the diseases than if they remained out, and on leaving the institution a few years later become additional foci of contagion in other communities. The following work was carried out in the Indiana Reformatory by Dr. H. C. Sharp, physician and surgeon in charge, and myself, during the summer
Exposure to Phthalates and Breast Cancer Risk in Northern Mexico
Authors: Lizbeth López-Carrillo, Raúl U. Hernández-Ramírez, Antonia M. Calafat, Luisa Torres-Sánchez, Marcia Galván-Portillo, Larry L. Needham, Rubén Ruiz-Ramos, Mariano E. Cebrián
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundPhthalates, ubiquitous environmental pollutants that may disturb the endocrine system, are used primarily as plasticizers of polyvinyl chloride and as additives in consumer and personal care products.ObjectivesIn this study, we examined the association between urinary concentrations of nine phthalate metabolites and breast cancer (BC) in Mexican women.MethodsWe age-matched 233 BC cases to 221 women residing in northern Mexico. Sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics were obtained by direct interviews. Phthalates were determined in urine samples (collected pretreatment from the cases) by isotope dilution/high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsPhthalate metabolites were detected in at least 82% of women. The geometric mean concentrations of monoethyl phthalate (MEP) were higher in cases than in controls (169.58 vs. 106.78 μg/g creatinine). Controls showed significantly higher concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, and mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) than did the cases. After adjusting for risk factors and other phthalates, MEP urinary concentrations were positively associated with BC [odds ratio (OR), highest vs. lowest tertile = 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.33–3.63; p for trend < 0.01]. This association became stronger when estimated for premenopausal women (OR, highest vs. lowest tertile = 4.13; 95% CI, 1.60–10.70; p for trend < 0.01). In contrast, we observed significant negative associations for monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) and MCPP.ConclusionsWe show for the first time that exposure to diethyl phthalate, the parent compound of MEP, may be associated with increased risk of BC, whereas exposure to the parent phthalates of MBzP and MCPP might be negatively associated. These findings require confirmation.
The Treatment of Soft-Tissue Sarcoma by Chemotherapy
Authors: Edward T. Krementz
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE TREATMENT of soft-tissue sarcomas with chemotherapeutic agents has been in progress for over 20 yr. The first effective agent, mechlorethamine hydrochloride (HN<sub>2</sub>), originally used during World War II, was reported by Gilman and Phillips in 1946.<sup>1</sup>These and other observers noted that lymphomas and leukemias often regressed dramatically in response to mechlorethamine hydrochloride, but only about one of ten of the solid cancers responded. In all patients objective improvement was short-lived. In recent years several new agents have been developed which are more effective than mechlorethamine hydrochloride. Among them, meractinomycin has proved useful in the treatment of childhood sarcomas and renal carcinomas<sup>2</sup>; fluorouracil and idoxuridine in adenocarcinoma of the breast and gastrointestinal tract<sup>3</sup>; methotrexate in choriocarcinoma of the female<sup>4</sup>; and vinblastine sulfate in Hodgkin's sarcoma resistant to other chemotherapeutic agents.<sup>5</sup> Special techniques have been introduced which have made chemotherapy more effective. Administration
A Developmental Complex Including Supravalvular Stenosis of the Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk
Authors: LEONARD C. BLIEDEN, RUSSELL V. LUCAS, JOHN B. CARTER, KENNETH MILLER, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

A developmental complex is described characterized by (1) supravalvular stenosis of the aorta and pulmonary trunk, (2) dysplasia of valves and (3) stenosis of ostia of coronary arteries and branches of the aortic arch. From the four cases described, it is evident that not all of the features of the complex need be present in a given case and, when present, some lesions are not of functional significance. The variations underly the potential for differences in the hemodynamic states of affected subjects.