tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sodium benzoate in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy: A double-blind randomized trial
Authors: S. Sushma, S. Dasarathy, Rakesh K. Tandon, Satish Jain, Surya Gupta, Mahender S. Bhist
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

A prospective randomized double–blind study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of sodium benzoate in the treatment of acute portal–systemic encephalopathy. Seventy–four consecutive patients with cirrhosis or surgical portasystemic anastamosis and hepatic encephalopathy of less than 7 days duration were randomized to receive lactulose (dose adjusted for 2 or 3 semiformed stools/day) or sodium benzoate (5 gm twice daily). Assessment of response included mental status, asterixis, arterial ammonia level, electroencephalogram and number–connection test. Each was given a score between 0 and 4+. A portal–systemic encephalopathy index was calculated with these scores. Visual, auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials and a battery of psychometric tests for intelligence and memory were also performed to assess improvement. Thirty–eight patients received sodium benzoate; 36 took lactulose. Thirty patients (80%) receiving sodium benzoate and 29 (81%) receiving lactulose recovered; the remaining patients died. Improvement in portal–systemic encephalopathy parameters occurred in both treatment groups and was similar (p &gt; 0.1). Electroencephalogram and evoked potentials were not as helpful as mental status in assessing of recovery. Psychometric test scores remained abnormal after recovery of mental status (21 to 42 days) and were probably too sensitive for monitoring of these patients. The incidence of side effects was similar in the two treatment groups. The cost of lactulose for one course of therapy was 30 times that of sodium benzoate. We conclude that sodium benzoate is a safe and effective alternative to lactulose in the treatment of acute portasystemic encephalopathy. (Hepatology 1992;16:138-144.)
M cell targeting with Aleuria aurantia lectin as a novel approach for oral allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Franziska Roth-Walter, Isabella Schöll, Eva Untersmayr, Renate Fuchs, George Boltz-Nitulescu, Andrea Weissenböck, Otto Scheiner, Franz Gabor, Erika Jensen-Jarolim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Large number of imported chikungunya cases in mainland France, 2014: a challenge for surveillance and response
Authors: M  C Paty, C Six, F Charlet, G Heuzé, A Cochet, A Wiegandt, J L Chappert, D Dejour-Salamanca, A Guinard, P Soler, V Servas, M Vivier-Darrigol, M Ledrans, M Debruyne, O Schaal, C Jeannin, B Helynck, I Leparc-Goffart, B Coignard
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

During the summer of 2014, all the pre-requisites for autochthonous transmission of chikungunya virus are present in southern France: a competent vector, Aedes albopictus, and a large number of travellers returning from the French Caribbean islands where an outbreak is occurring. We describe the system implemented for the surveillance of chikungunya and dengue in mainland France. From 2 May to 4 July 2014, there were 126 laboratory-confirmed imported chikungunya cases in mainland France.
The Chief Residency
Authors: P. GREENLAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1981The Chief ResidencyP. GREENLAND, M.D.P. GREENLAND, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-2-239_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Results of a survey of university hospital chief residents (1) indicated that they were frequently dissatisfied with their experiences in the position; the author suggested that the position had become anachronistic and obsolete in the era of subspecialty medicine. With this study in mind, I recently surveyed medical chief residents and program directors to expand earlier data by assessing the chief residency from the points of view not only of university hospital chief residents but also those of chief residents from University-affiliated and nonaffiliated programs; and to compare perceptions of the importance and relevance of the chief...Reference1. STEEL K. The medical chief residency in university hospitals. Ann Intern Med. 1972;76:541-4. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY 14642 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCHIEF RESIDENCY IN PM&RThe medical chief residency and its relation to academic sections of general medicineThe chief medical residency in the 1980s 1 August 1981Volume 95, Issue 2Page: 239-239KeywordsHospital medicinePerceptionResidencySub-specialty care Issue Published: 1 August 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Surface camouflage of pancreatic islets using 6-arm-PEG-catechol in combined therapy with tacrolimus and anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody for xenotransplantation
Authors: Jee-Heon Jeong, Sung Woo Hong, Seonki Hong, Simmyung Yook, Yoonsuk Jung, Jun-Beom Park, Cao Duy Khue, Bok-Hyeon Im, Jinwon Seo, Haeshin Lee, Cheol-Hee Ahn, Dong Yun Lee, Youngro Byun
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Death by Mechanical Failure : An Epidemiologic Study of the Effect of Vehicle Inspection upon Motor Vehicle Fatalities.
Authors: Robert C. Buxbaum
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Death by Mechanical Failure : An Epidemiologic Study of the Effect of Vehicle Inspection upon Motor Vehicle Fatalities.Robert C. Buxbaum, M.D. (Associate), Theodore Colton, SC.D.Robert C. Buxbaum, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Theodore Colton, SC.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1174_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAccident prevention is a concern of all physicians. The contribution to the total accident mortality and morbidity made by motor vehicle accidents is impressive and shows no sign of lessening; in 1964, almost 48,000 persons died in this manner. There are good reasons to believe that this figure could be lowered. The work of Mosely and his group in recent years at Harvard showed that a number of important factors could be implicated in the causation of fatalities from this category. One of these is mechanical failure of the vehicle.The present study examines the possible role of mechanical failure... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1174-1175KeywordsEpidemiologyMorbidityMortality Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
544 Prognostic value of autoantibodies against proteins of nuclear pore complexes (anti-NPCS) in early primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
Authors: P. Invernizzi, J. Wesierska-Gadek, P.M. Battezzati, S. Oertelt, P.L. Busatto, A. Benetti, E. Penner, E. Hitchman, M. Podda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Tissue Microarray Analysis of the Prognostic Value of E-Cadherin, Ki67, p53, p27, Survivin and MSH2 Expression in Upper Urinary Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Authors: G FROMONT, M ROUPRET, N AMIRA, M SIBONY, G VALLANCIEN, P VALIDIRE, O CUSSENOT
Journal: European Urology (2005)
TV: Doctors taking over the asylum
Authors: R. Persaud
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Psychos , Channel 4, Thursdays at 10 pm from 6 May to 10 June

The last time British television made a major drama series about psychiatry was back in 1991, when Shrinks , produced by Thames TV, was broadcast on the ITV network. It attracted widespread criticism from professionals, who claimed that it trivialised patients' problems and gave the impression that a few magic waves of the analysis wand meant that the seriously mentally ill could throw away their therapeutic crutches and, psychologically, “walk again.”

In view of the professional opprobrium, the Independent Television Commission commissioned a survey to discover the reactions of viewers. It came up with the paradoxical result that, although only 38% of the sample considered real psychiatrists resembled their counterparts in Shrinks , more than half …
Higher order thinking
Authors: Josef Perner, Zoltan Dienes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

O'Brien &amp; Opie's position is consistent with the existence of implicit learning and subliminal perception below a subjective threshold but it is inconsistent with various other findings in the literature. The main problem with the theory is that it attributes consciousness to too many things. Incorporating the higher order thought theory renders their position more plausible.
The Selling of DSM: The Rhetoric of Science in Psychiatry
Authors: Steven S. Sharfstein
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Let me state my biases up front. I am a psychiatrist who has strongly supported the development of a psychiatric nosology that has value to the clinician, to research on the etiology and epidemiology of mental disorders, and, ultimately, to the patient. I have participated in the development of the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Third Edition</i>) and have a particular interest in the impact of the diagnostic manual on reimbursement. I believe that<i>DSM-III</i>, its revision, and the soon-to-be-published<i>DSM-IV</i>represent progress and a great improvement over what existed prior to 1980, when<i>DSM-III</i>was published. The authors of<i>The Selling of DSM</i>do not state their biases up front. It does become clear to the reader, however, that these professors of social work cast an extremely skeptical eye on current concepts in psychiatry, the medical or diagnostic model, and share (if not exactly, certainly closely) the
High-density lipoproteins reduce the effect of endotoxin on cytokine production and systemic hemodynamics in cirrhotic rats with ascites
Authors: Marı́a José Ramı́rez, Ángel Ibáñez, Miguel Navasa, Elena Casals, Manuel Morales-Ruiz, Wladimiro Jiménez, Vicente Arroyo, Juan Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Aflatoxin Contamination of Cottonseed
Authors: Suzanne Dandoy
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  Stephanie C. Crocco, PhD (242:548, 1979), of the American Medical Association Department of Food and Nutrition gave, in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section, a summary of the current situation regarding aflatoxin contamination of grain. She has, however, failed to mention another source of aflatoxin introduction into the human food chain: the use of aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed as feed for dairy cattle. Last year, aflatoxin appeared in high levels in milk in Arizona because of the use of this feed, and a major control effort is underway to prevent such an occurrence in the future. Physicians practicing in cotton-producing areas should be aware of this possible additional source of aflatoxin contamination in food.
A Role for BRCA1 in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Deyin Xing, George Scangas, Mai Nitta, Lei He, Xuan Xu, Yevgeniya J.M. Ioffe, Paul-Joseph Aspuria, Cyrus Y. Hedvat, Matthew L. Anderson, Esther Oliva, Beth Y. Karlan, Gayatry Mohapatra, Sandra Orsulic
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is a rare gynecologic malignancy with a low survival rate. Currently, there is no effective treatment for ULMS. Infrequent occurrences of human ULMS hamper the understanding of the initiation and progression of the disease, thereby limiting the ability to develop efficient therapies. To elucidate the roles of the p53 and BRCA1 tumor suppressor genes in gynecologic malignancies, we generated mice in which p53 and/or BRCA1 can be conditionally deleted using anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor (Amhr2)-driven Cre recombinase. We showed that conditional deletion of p53 in mice results in the development of uterine tumors that resemble human ULMS and that concurrent deletion of p53 and BRCA1 significantly accelerates the progression of these tumors. This finding led to our hypothesis that BRCA1 may play a role in human ULMS development. Consistent with this hypothesis, we showed that the BRCA1 protein is absent in 29% of human ULMS and that BRCA1 promoter methylation is the likely mechanism of BRCA1 downregulation. These data indicate that the loss of BRCA1 function may be an important step in the progression of ULMS. Our findings provide a rationale for investigating therapies that target BRCA1 deficiency in ULMS.
NEW YORK WIPES OUT LUNACY COMMISSIONS
Authors: THOMAS C. DESMOND
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1939)

Of tremendous assistance in the difficult campaign of serving adoption of this reform measure were the New York Psychiatric Society; New York Neurological Society; New York State mental hygiene commissioner, Dr. William J. Tiffany; and his predecessor in that office, Dr. Frederic W. Parsons; Mr. Lawrence Veiller, president of the Citizens' Crime Commission of New York State; Miss Elsie M. Bond, assistant secretary of the State Charities' Aid Association, and newspapers throughout the state. The social aim of this type of legislation is to assure a scientifically accurate examination of sanity in the most expeditious manner at the least cost to the taxpayer. The new statute attempts to meet this standard in every respect. Although it does not solve numerous complex problems relating to psychiatry and criminal law, the new Desmond law does mark a tremendous step forward. To the public, the new statute is important because it smashes the lunacy commission "racket," removing a huge source of political patronage, and cutting the cost of sanity examinations. To the accused, the new law assures a scientific procedure for it turns over to psychiatrists the medical problem of determining sanity at time of trial. To the psychiatrist, it means an opportunity to determine the sanity of defendants unhampered by political appointees, lawyers and laymen—an opportunity to serve the public more efficiently and more effectively.
ETIOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

Studies are reported on the type of disease induced in guinea pigs, dogs, and monkeys by inoculating them (1) with the blood or organ emulsions of guinea pigs or other susceptible animals experimentally infected with Leptospira icteroides, and (2) with a pure culture of the organism. Particular attention has been given in these experiments to the clinical features of the experimental infection in the various animals and to the pathological changes resulting from the infection. The symptoms and pathological lesions induced in guinea pigs are much more pronounced than those observed in dogs or marmosets. The period of incubation is nearly the same in all three species, 72 to 96 hours with intraperitoneal or subcutaneous inoculation, and a day or more longer when the infection is induced percutaneously or per os. The febrile reaction in the guinea pig and marmoset is about the same; in the dog there is less fever. The amount of albumin, casts, and bile pigments in the urine is more abundant in the guinea pig and marmoset than in the dog, and these animals also appear on the whole to become more intensely icteric. The black or bilious vomit, however, though occurring frequently in dogs during life, is observed in the guinea pig and marmoset at autopsy. The hemorrhagic diathesis is most pronounced in guinea pigs, less so in marmosets, and least in dogs. In dogs) for example, subcutaneous hemorrhages almost never occur, and the lungs usually show only a few minute ecchymoses. The pleurse, pericardium, and other serous surfaces of the thorax and abdomen remain free from ecchymoses, which, however, with hyperemia, are very marked along the gastrointestinal tract. The symptoms and lesions observed in animals experimentally infected with Leptospira icteroides closely parallel those of human yellow fever. The pathological changes occurring in human cases of yellow fever are similar to those induced by inoculation in guinea pigs and marmosets and in respect to their intensity stand intermediate between those arising in the two animals mentioned.
Anabolic Steroid Use Among Male High School Seniors
Authors: Zili Amsel
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  Recent attention has been given in the press and professional journals to the abuse of anabolic corticosteroids and human growth hormones used alone and in conjunction with other drugs by professional and amateur athletes as well as those interested in bodybuilding. 1-3 There are various potential health problems associated with the effects of steroids on natural hormonal production and the effects of exposure of various end-organs to nonphysiological concentrations of these substances. 4 To this list of consequences of the use of steroids we and others would add another possible health hazard: infection with human immunodeficiency virus (P. Goldstein, personal communication, October 1988). 5   Anabolic steroids are used both orally and intramuscularly. 1 It is not unusual for couples or groups of workout buddies to share injection equipment when administering steroids to specific muscles being developed, 3 with one individual of the couple or group injecting the
Malignant Transformation of Immortalized HaCaT Keratinocytes through Deregulated Nuclear Factor κB Signaling
Authors: Qing Ren, Csaba Kari, Marlene R.D. Quadros, Randy Burd, Peter McCue, Adam P. Dicker, Ulrich Rodeck
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Previous studies addressing functional aspects of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation in normal and transformed keratinocytes revealed complex and seemingly contradictory roles of this transcription factor in this cell type. In normal skin, NF-κB signaling seems to inhibit squamous cell carcinoma development whereas, in squamous cell carcinoma themselves, deregulated NF-κB expression and/or signaling is frequently observed. To further investigate this paradox, we focused on NF-κB activation as it relates to the transformed phenotype of immortalized but nontumorigenic human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). We observed that NF-κB activity contributed to survival and growth of cultured HaCaT keratinocytes as shown by use of pharmacologic NF-κB inhibitors, RNA interference, and inducible overexpression of a dominant interfering IκB construct. NF-κB activation was largely provided through interaction with extracellular matrix components because preventing cell attachment by forced suspension culture markedly reduced NFκB signaling associated with cell death (anoikis); conversely, anoikis was partially reversed by NF-κB activation induced either by tumor necrosis factor-α treatment or by overexpressing the NF-κB p65 subunit in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, overexpression of NF-κBp65 in HaCaT cells induced colony formation in soft agar and tumorigenicity in nude mice. In summary, as opposed to normal keratinocytes, immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes provide a cellular context in which deregulated NF-κB signaling supports multiple malignant traits in vitro and in vivo. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(10): 5209-15)
THE URGENT NEED FOR DOCTORS
Authors: PAUL V. McNUTT
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Long before Pearl Harbor the American Medical Association established a Committee on Medical Preparedness. Long before America as a whole was ready for the total mobilization of its manpower, your committee undertook a census of physicians and visualized a plan for matching physicians to the needs of a nation at war. The Procurement and Assignment Service was established at the suggestion of the American Medical Association. Your association it was that worked out with the Selective Service authorities the plan for deferment of medical students and interns. Largely through your help medical education has been adjusting itself to war needs. I need not call the roll further. I need not cite your collaboration with the Office of Scientific Research and Development and the National Research Council and many other professional groups. ThroughThe Journalyou know the work that your association has done. But it is my privilege to have
Anti-Neutrophil-Elastase Defenses of the Lower Respiratory Tract in α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Directly Augmented with an Aerosol of α1-Antitrypsin
Authors: Richard C. Hubbard
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

To determine if aerosolization of purified human plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin is an effective means for increasing lower respiratory anti-neutrophil-elastase defenses in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.Nonrandomized, before-and-after trial with a 7-day treatment period. Companion studies in animals to determine lung epithelial permeability to alpha 1-antitrypsin.Twelve patients with homozygous Z-type alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and mild to moderate emphysema.Aerosol administration of human plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin, 100 mg every 12 hours for 7 days. Single, 100-mg aerosol dose to anesthetized sheep with indwelling thoracic lymph duct catheters for direct assessment of lung permeability.Treatment resulted in increased alpha 1-antitrypsin levels in the lung epithelial lining fluid (0.28 +/- 0.07 microM before therapy to 5.86 +/- 1.03 microM after therapy) and increased anti-neutrophil-elastase capacity (0.78 +/- 0.38 microM before therapy to 4.16 +/- 0.95 microM after therapy). Aerosolized alpha 1-antitrypsin diffused across the respiratory epithelium and entered lung interstitial lymph (in sheep) and reached the systemic circulation (in sheep and humans). No side effects were noted.Short-term aerosol administration of human plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin to patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency is safe and feasible, resulting in a return to normal of anti-neutrophil-elastase defenses in the lower respiratory tract. The aerosol approach, therefore, merits serious long-term evaluation as an alternative to other parenteral forms of administering therapeutic proteins.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Adult Bone Marrow Cell Therapy Improves Survival and Induces Long-Term Improvement in Cardiac Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”
Authors: Vinodh Jeevanantham, Matthew Butler, Andre Saad, Buddhadeb Dawn, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ewa K. Zuba-Surma
Journal: Circulation (2013)