tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Elephant Swimming
Authors: Ward Casscells
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 July 1991An Elephant SwimmingWard Casscells, MDWard Casscells, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-2-160_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:When I was a cardiology fellow, I had the privilege for several months of making rounds with Lockhart McGuire when he returned to Massachusetts General Hospital for a clinical sabbatical in 1982. Subsequently, I saw him when I visited the University of Virginia Hospital. By that time his cancer was far advanced and, although frail and in pain, he was still working. He remained the same kindly, modest, meticulous, and devoted bedside physician reflected in his article, "Just Beyond the Next Bend in the River." He was a first-rate teacher and pacemaker specialist. Yet he was a...Reference1. McGuire L. Just beyond the next bend in the river: reflections on a medical career. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:83-7. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ward Casscells, MDAffiliations: National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1991Volume 115, Issue 2Page: 160-160KeywordsPacemakersRiversSwimming ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 July 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Common variants in TMPRSS6 are associated with iron status and erythrocyte volume
Authors: Beben Benyamin, Manuel A R Ferreira, Gonneke Willemsen, Scott Gordon, Rita P S Middelberg, Brian P McEvoy, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Anjali K Henders, Megan J Campbell, Leanne Wallace, Ian H Frazer, Andrew C Heath, Eco J C de Geus, Dale R Nyholt, Peter M Visscher, Brenda W Penninx, Dorret I Boomsma, Nicholas G Martin, Grant W Montgomery, John B Whitfield
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Familial Sarcoidosis Is Linked to the Major Histocompatibility Complex Region
Authors: MANFRED SCHÜRMANN, PENNY A. LYMPANY, PHILIPP REICHEL, BERTRAM MÜLLER-MYHSOK, KARL WURM, MAX SCHLAAK, JOACHIM MÜLLER-QUERNHEIM, RON M. du BOIS, EBERHARD SCHWINGER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder associated with high CD4 + cell activity, but no pathogen is detectable. Clustering in families occurs, and the existence of a genetic predisposition to sarcoidosis is widely accepted. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is believed to contribute to this susceptibility. Many studies testing this hypothesis have produced conflicting results. We have genotyped 122 affected siblings from 55 families for seven DNA polymorphisms that flank and cover the MHC region on chromosome 6, and for HLA-DPB1, a candidate gene for granulomatous disorders. Multipoint nonparametric linkage (NPL) analysis showed linkage (NPL score > 2.5; p < 0.006) for the entire MHC region with a maximum NPL score of 3.2 (p = 0.0008) at marker locus D6S1666 in the Class III gene cluster. There was a significant excess of marker haplotype sharing among affected siblings. However, the frequency of HLA-DPB1 alleles on 104 shared chromosomes did not differ from that of a control group of founders from the family panel. Transmission disequilibrium was found for allele DPB1*0201, but only nine families contributed to this result. We conclude that genes of the MHC are involved in the genetic predisposition to sarcoidosis, but HLA-DPB1 alone does not sufficiently explain this fact.
Coronary heart disease: an older woman's major health risk
Authors: N. K Wenger
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Old age has always been with us.The ancient Egyptians and the author of the 12th chapter of Ecclesiastes were familiar with the common disabilities of later life.Survival into what we still regard as old age was not unusual in classical Greece (table).The average length of human life has increased over the centuries as living conditions have improved and childhood mortality has fallen; the maximum lifespan of our species is determined largely by our genes and will be the same as it ever was.Doctors and philosophers of antiquity commented on age associated illness.Hippocrates noted conditions common in later life, and Aristotle offered a theory of aging based on loss of heat.Two thousand years were to pass before anything better was written on the subject.Francis Bacon proposed a scientific programme of epidemiological investigations into the longevity of people living in different places and under different conditions. 1 He also noted that the pursuit of knowledge depended on "the fresh examination of particulars," advice that underlaid the systematic observation of nature that complemented the active experimentation advocated by his contemporary William Harvey.During the 18th and 19th centuries several physicians wrote specifically about the diseases of later life and their treatment.These included Cheyne 2 and Day 3 in Britain and Rush 4 in the United States.Charcot's lectures on the medicine of old age aroused scientific interest in the field and became available in English translation in 1881. 5 The word "geriatrics" was invented by Ignatz L Nascher, a Vienna-born immigrant to the United States in 1909. 6(It is not clear who is to blame for the barbarous miscoining of "gerontology"-the study of old men-for "geratology"-the study of old age.)Nascher's initiative provided a stimulus for social and biological research on aging, 7 but clinical geriatrics did not flourish in the United States.The American Geriatrics Society was founded in 1942, but as a thriving and influential medical specialty geriatric medicine was essentially a product of the British NHS. Old age in classical Greece
The Ciba Collection of Medical Illustrations
Authors: Joseph A. Chazan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The Ciba collection of medical illustrations, by Frank H. Netter, MD, and a host of illustrious editors, is truly a gigantic undertaking. This latest publication, volume 6, dealing with kidneys, ureter, and bladder, is printed beautifully, and the illustrations are of the quality, nature, and originality that have distinguished Dr. Netter's career as a medical illustrator. The scope of the book is enormous, ranging from anatomy and embryology through therapeutics, including dialysis and transplantation. Of course, in any such undertaking, the text, although quite accurate, is quite limited and superficial, with no single area dealt with in any detail. Thus, the audience for which this book has been created is not clear. Clearly, it is not detailed enough for the nephrologist or clinican interested in renal disease, nor detailed enough for the medical student. Thus, although the compendium is attractively bound and expertly illustrated, it would appear to me that
TWO-STAGED CLASSIFICATION BY LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION FOLLOWED BY EXTENT OF LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT IN CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IS USEFUL FOR RISK STRATIFICATION IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Akira Funada, Hideaki Kanzaki, Yasuo Sugano, Takahiro Ohara, Takuya Hasegawa, Masafumi Kitakaze, Toshihisa Anzai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Rest and Exercise Potassium-43 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging for the Noninvasive Evaluation of Aortocoronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: BARRY L. ZARET, NEIL D. MARTIN, RONALD L. MCGOWAN, H. WILLIAM STRAUSS, HARRY P. WELLS, M. D. FLAMM
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Sixteen patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery were evaluated with rest and exercise potassium-43 ( 43 K) myocardial imaging and contrast angiography an average of 5.5 months postoperatively. The results of 43 K imaging allowed the division of these patients into two groups. Group 1 consisted of patients in whom there was either normalization or significant improvement in postoperative images when compared to abnormal preoperative studies (five patients), or patients in whom preoperative imaging was not accomplished but whose postoperative images both at rest and exercise showed a normal homogenous pattern of 43 K distribution (four patients). All patients in this group had at least one patent bypass graft, and 13 of 16 total grafts were patent. Group 2 consisted of seven patients in whom postoperative rest and exercise 43 K studies were either not significantly different from preoperative evaluation, or had worsened. Of these patients, three experienced intraoperative infarction, two demonstrated significant distal native coronary disease, and one had a single occluded graft. In both groups there was good correlation between the anatomic sites of graft patency or occlusion and the location of either increased perfusion or lack thereof on the 43 K image. Perfusion abnormalities occurring in the presence of occluded grafts, or improvement in perfusion occurring in the presence of patent grafts were best appreciated by comparison of exercise images. Abnormalities occurring in the presence of infarction were detected at rest as well. Thus, in this initial group of patients, 43 K rest and exercise myocardial imaging appeared to offer a sensitive noninvasive means of evaluating the results of aortocoronary bypass surgery.
Drugs Five Years Later
Authors: RICHARD D. MEYER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Amikacin, the first semisynthetic aminoglycoside introduced for clinical use, has the widest spectrum of activity of these agents. This paper assesses new data on two-compartment pharmokinetics, intrathecal use, use of serum assay results, interactions with penicillins, and comparative studies of efficacy and toxicity. Indications for the use of amikacin and its role in the face of bacterial resistance to it or to other aminoglycosides are examined. The need for an agent active against most gram-negative bacilli in empiric therapy for suspected or documented bacteremia indicates the continuing importance of the aminoglycosides and, in immunocompromised patients, of amikacin.
Inducible NOS inhibition, eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation, and angiotensin II–induced renal damage
Authors: Jorgen Theuer, Erdenechimeg Shagdarsuren, Dominik N. Muller, Eva Kaergel, Horst Honeck, Joon-Keun Park, Anette Fiebeler, Ralf Dechend, Hermann Haller, Friedrich C. Luft, Wolf-Hagen Schunck
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
`Open-access' publishing: first the evidence--then the verdict
Authors: J. K Aronson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

that lawyers approach case law; which ensures a uniformity of interpretation of the rules.Inconsistencies, which are bound to develop in the decisions that different trusts take, will be exploited.As faith in the system deteriorates there will be more appeals: the very purpose of the new procedure to speed up the resolution of complaints will have failed.Doctors must be concerned about a procedure in which they will be judged by people within the same political and competitive environment.Patients, too, will have their doubts about the objectivity of a complaints process where those who investigate and those who are being investigated are so close to one another.
Rapid Scaling Up of Insecticide-Treated Bed Net Coverage in Africa and Its Relationship with Development Assistance for Health: A Systematic Synthesis of Supply, Distribution, and Household Survey Data
Authors: Abraham D. Flaxman, Nancy Fullman, Mac W. Otten, Manoj Menon, Richard E. Cibulskis, Marie Ng, Christopher J. L. Murray, Stephen S. Lim
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Stephen Lim and colleagues use several sources of data to estimate the changes in distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets across Africa between 2000 and 2008, and to analyze the link between development assistance and net coverage.
A Ubiquitous Chromatin Opening Element (UCOE) Confers Resistance to DNA Methylation–mediated Silencing of Lentiviral Vectors
Authors: Fang Zhang, Amy R Frost, Mike P Blundell, Olivia Bales, Michael N Antoniou, Adrian J Thrasher
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

DNA methylation may restrict the activity of gene transfer vectors due to inadvertent silencing. In P19 embryonic carcinoma cells in vitro, we found that transgene expression regulated by the SFFV LTR and EF1 alpha promoter declined rapidly within 16 days, but for A2UCOE derived from the human HNRPA2B1-CBX3 housekeeping gene locus, remained completely stable. Silencing correlated with extensive epigenetic methylation of CpG sites, whereas the A2UCOE was almost completely resistant. Linking of the A2UCOE upstream of the SFFV LTR protected this element from both DNA methylation and silencing. Analysis of engrafted hematopoietic cells in vivo transduced with the same vectors revealed a similar pattern. The A2UCOE displayed little or no methylation in either primary or secondary graft recipients, and gene expression profiles were highly conserved between the two groups. These studies provide convincing evidence that DNA methylation plays a direct role in regulating self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral transgene expression, and that the stability of expression from the A2UCOE is, at least in part, due to methylation resistance. The A2UCOE therefore has considerable utility for gene therapy applications where reliable and sustained gene expression is desirable.
NOTES ON THE CLINICAL USE OF CERTAIN PLACENTAL EXTRACTS
Authors: A. D. Campbell, J. B. Collip
Journal: BMJ (1930)

of the opinion that these active principles are the specific products of placental tissue functioning, and are actively related to the conditioil of pregnancy.The functional interrelationship which must exist between the pituitary sex hormones and those of the placenta can in the light of our present knowledge only be conjectured.Much more research must be done in this field before the data now available can be satisfactorily correlated.It is a great pleasure for me to state that through the kindness of the Medical Research Council and the National InstitLte for Medical Research I hiave recently been given facilities to repeat muchi of the work oultlined above in Dr. H. H. Dale's laboratory at Hampstea(l.
Metal interactions with voltage- and receptor-activated ion channels.
Authors: H P Vijverberg, M Oortgiesen, T Leinders, R G van Kleef
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Effects of Pb and several other metal ions on various distinct types of voltage-, receptor- and Ca-activated ion channels have been investigated in cultured N1E-115 mouse neuroblastoma cells. Experiments were performed using the whole-cell voltage clamp and single-channel patch clamp techniques. External superfusion of nanomolar to submillimolar concentrations of Pb causes multiple effects on ion channels. Barium current through voltage-activated Ca channels is blocked by micromolar concentrations of Pb, whereas voltage-activated Na current appears insensitive. Neuronal type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-activated ion current is blocked by nanomolar concentrations of Pb and this block is reversed at micromolar concentrations. Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor-activated ion current is much less sensitive to Pb. In addition, external superfusion with micromolar concentrations of Pb as well as of Cd and aluminum induces inward current, associated with the direct activation of nonselective cation channels by these metal ions. In excised inside-out membrane patches of neuroblastoma cells, micromolar concentrations of Ca activate small (SK) and big (BK) Ca-activated K channels. Internally applied Pb activates SK and BK channels more potently than Ca, whereas Cd is approximately equipotent to Pb with respect to SK channel activation, but fails to activate BK channels. The results show that metal ions cause distinct, selective effects on the various types of ion channels and that metal ion interaction sites of ion channels may be highly selective for particular metal ions.
Surgical Treatment of the Subelavian Steal Syndrome
Authors: SETH A. RESNICOFF, JAMES A. DEWEESE, CHARLES G. ROB
Journal: Circulation (1970)

From an experience with 16 patients exhibiting a symptomatic subclavian steal syndrome, the following conclusions were reached: 1. Prompt and lasting relief from transient ischemic episodes can be provided by operative intervention. 2. When the right subclavian artery is involved, endarterectomy through a cervical approach is the procedure of choice. 3. Involvement of the left subclavian artery is best handled by employing a carotid-subclavian bypass or ligating the left vertebral artery. 4. Vertebral ligation on either side is particularly effective in the poor-risk patient in whom it can be performed under local anesthesia. 5. Concurrent significant stenosis of an internal carotid artery should be repaired at the time of correction of the subclavian steal, with the latter procedure performed after the carotid endarterectomy.
Interaction of alkylmercuric compounds with sodium selenite. III. Biotransformation, levels of metallothioneinlike proteins and endogenous copper in some tissues of rats exposed to methyl or ethylmercuric chloride with and without sodium selenite
Authors: E A Brzeźnicka, J Chmielnicka
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The biotransformation efficiency of alkylmercurial compounds was studied in rat liver, kidneys, blood, and brain after 2-week administration of methylmercuric chloride (MeHg) and ethylmercuric chloride (EtHg) at doses of 0.25 or 2.5 mg Hg/kg, alone or in combination with sodium selenite (Se) at a level of 0.5 mg Se/kg.Simultaneously, the level of metallothioneinlike proteins (MTP) and endogenous copper (Cu) was monitored in tissues of control rats and intoxicated rats.Regardless of the dose, the highest concentrations of inorganic mercury from both the alkylmercurials was found in the rat kidneys.Sodium selenite had a variable effect on the amount of inorganic mercury liberated, depending on the organ and the molar ratio of Hg:Se administered.A statistically significant increase in the levels of MTP and endogenous Cu, compared with control group, was found only in the kidneys of intoxicated rats.This increase was dependent on the concentration of inorganic mercury liberated by biotransformation of alkylmercurials.The observed changes appeared when the level of inorganic mercury exceeded 10,Ig Hg/g tissue and reached a plateau at about 40 ,ug Hg/g tissue.In the presence of selenium the plateau of MTP and Cu levels were no oberved in the kidneys, regardless of the amount of inorganic mercury liberated.
Incidence of Pigmented Nevi
Authors: Burton Allyn, Alfred W. Kopf, Murray Kahn, Victor H. Witten
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Routine excision of pigmented nevi in certain anatomic locations such as the palms and soles has been advocated as a prophylactic measure in the prevention of malignant melanoma. To determine the incidence and anatomic distribution of nevi on palms, soles, nailbeds, and conjunctivae, 1,000 randomly selected subjects were examined clinically. Over-all incidence of one or more plantar nevi was 9%; palmar nevi, 5.8%; and conjunctival nevi, 0.8%. No nevi were found in the nailbeds of white subjects. Greatest concentration of plantar nevi was in the arch region. Darker-skinned ethnic groups and male subjects showed the highest incidence. The incidence increased progressively in the first two decades of life, reached a peak in the third, and declined thereafter. Because of their frequency, it is concluded that routine excision of pigmented nevi on palms and soles is infeasible and unwarranted.
Non-employment and changes in smoking, drinking, and body weight.
Authors: J. K. Morris, D. G. Cook, A. G. Shaper
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the effect of unemployment and early retirement on cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and body weight in middle aged British men. DESIGN--Prospective cohort study (British regional heart study). SETTING--One general practice in 24 towns in Britain. SUBJECTS--6057 men aged 40-59 who had been continuously employed for five years before the initial screening. Five years after screening 4412 men had been continuously employed and 1645 had experienced some unemployment or retired. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Numbers of cigarettes smoked and units of alcohol consumed per week and body mass index (kg/m2). RESULTS--An initial screening significantly higher percentages of men who subsequently experienced non-employment smoked or had high alcohol consumption than of men who remained continuously employed: 43.0% versus 37.0% continuously employed for cigarette smoking (95% confidence interval for difference 3.2% to 9.0%) and 12.1% versus 9.0% for heavy drinking (1.3% to 5.1%). There was no evidence that men increased their smoking or drinking on becoming non-employed. Men non-employed through illness were significantly more likely to reduce their smoking and drinking than men who remained continuously employed. Men who experienced non-employment were significantly more likely to gain over 10% in weight than men who remained continuously employed: 7.5% versus 5.0% continuously employed (0.9% to 4.0%). CONCLUSIONS--Loss of employment was not associated with increased smoking or drinking but was associated with an increased likelihood of gaining weight. The long term effects of the higher levels of smoking and alcohol consumption before nonemployment should be taken into account when comparing mortality and morbidity in groups of unemployed and employed people.
Studies on Mitral Valve Function. Effect of Acute Hypervolemia, Premature Beats and Other Arrhythmias
Authors: BEN FRIEDMAN, WILLIAM M. DAILY, RUSSELL H. WILSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

A direct method for studying valvular competence is described based on changes in impedance in the blood induced by injections of concentrated saline. It does not require withdrawal of blood samples and may be repeated at frequent intervals in the same animal. It detected mitral insufficiency in the absence of significant changes in atrial pressure tracings. Mitral insufficiency was observed frequently in association with ventricular arrhythmias, occasionally with atrial arrhythmias and in half of the dogs made acutely hypervolemic.
US regulator seeks advice on health risks of metal on metal hip implants
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The US Food and Drug Agency has announced it is seeking expert opinions on the risks and benefits of metal on metal hips. The announcement comes in response to a letter from Wisconsin Democrat senator, Herb Kohl, which highlighted the high failure rates of some of these implants.

The letter cites a recent study in the Lancet (2012;379:1199-204), showing an increased failure rate of large diameter metal on metal total hip replacements. It also mentions a recent BMJ /BBC Newsnight investigation that found …