tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Overexpression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Transgenic Mice Prevents Cardiac Dysfunction and Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hajime Morimoto, Masafumi Takahashi, Atsushi Izawa, Hirohiko Ise, Minoru Hongo, Pappachan E. Kolattukudy, Uichi Ikeda
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied by inflammatory responses that lead to the recruitment of leukocytes and subsequent myocardial damage, healing, and scar formation. Because monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (also known as CCL2) regulates monocytic inflammatory responses, we investigated the effect of cardiac MCP-1 overexpression on left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and remodeling in a murine MI model. Transgenic mice expressing the mouse JE-MCP-1 gene under the control of the alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain promoter (MHC/MCP-1 mice) were used for this purpose. MHC/MCP-1 mice had reduced infarct area and scar formation and improved LV dysfunction after MI. These mice also showed induction of macrophage infiltration and neovascularization; however, few bone marrow-derived endothelial cells were detected in MHC/MCP-1 mice whose bone marrow was replaced with that of Tie2/LacZ transgenic mice. Flow cytometry analysis showed no increase in endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+/Flk-1+ cells) in MHC/MCP-1 mice. Marked myocardial interleukin (IL)-6 secretion, STAT3 activation, and LV hypertrophy were observed after MI in MHC/MCP-1 mice. Furthermore, cardiac myofibroblasts accumulated after MI in MHC/MCP-1 mice. In vitro experiments revealed that a combination of IL-6 with MCP-1 synergistically stimulated and sustained STAT3 activation in cardiomyocytes. MCP-1, IL-6, and hypoxia directly promoted the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Our results suggest that cardiac overexpression of MCP-1 induced macrophage infiltration, neovascularization, myocardial IL-6 secretion, and accumulation of cardiac myofibroblasts, thereby resulting in the prevention of LV dysfunction and remodeling after MI. They also provide a new insight into the role of cardiac MCP-1 in the pathophysiology of MI.
Mortality in Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Christopher M. Hughes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 August 1989Mortality in Alcoholic HepatitisChristopher M. Hughes, MDChristopher M. Hughes, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-4-344 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Liver function has been increasingly identified as a central factor in the pathogenesis of the sepsis syndrome, the adult respiratory distress syndrome, and the multiple organ failure syndrome (1). Corticosteroids have been tried as both prophylaxis and treatment for these syndromes, more successfully in the former than in the latter situation (2). Treatment in humans has been shown to be relatively contraindicated once the sepsis syndrome has already been identified (2).These observations generate interest in the findings of Carithers and colleagues (3) as they relate to the mechanism by which mortality was decreased in the group...References1. MatuschakRinaldo GJ. Organ interactions in the adult respiratory distress syndrome during sepsis: role of the liver in host defense. Chest. 1988;94:400-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Sheagren J. Mechanism-oriented therapy for multiple systems organ failure. Critical Care Clin. 1989;5:393-409. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CarithersHerlongDiehl RFA. Methylprednisolone therapy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized multicenter trial. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:685-90. LinkGoogle Scholar4. BlackTavill MA. Corticosteroids in severe alcoholic hepatitis. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:677-9. LinkGoogle Scholar5. EdeWilliams RR. Hepatic encephalopathy and cerebral edema. Seminars in Liver Disease. 1986;6:107-18. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. CarithersHerlongDiehl RFA. Methylprednisolone therapy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized multicenter trial. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:685-90. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTratamiento de la hepatitis alcohólica con glucocorticoides. ¿Son realmente efectivos? 15 August 1989Volume 111, Issue 4Page: 344-345KeywordsAcute respiratory distress syndromeAlcoholicsHepatitis ALiverMortalityMultiple organ dysfunction syndromePathogenesisProphylaxisSepsis Issue Published: 15 August 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A RÉSUMÉ OF MEDICAL HYPNOTISM.
Authors: RANDELL HUNT
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The wonderful and marvelous facts that have been evolved within the last twenty years through hypnotism, are such as to attract the attention of the most skeptical, and fill those who believe in and practice the science with veritable awe. Science, with its brilliant light of logic and truth, is rapidly dispelling the darkness of mystery and doubt, and men are no longer looking helplessly to the supernatural for the solution of a problem above their individual ken. They realize that all in nature is natural and subject to natural laws, and when a phenomenon can not be explained, readily admit that it is through their failure to comprehend those universal principles that govern the cosmos. Educated people demand a little more of the scientist than mere arbitrary statement. They wish to know the reason of the faith that is in him, and rightly, for the scientist should meet the
Induction of sustained expression of proto-oncogene c-fms by platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor, and its suppression by interferon-gamma and macrophage colony-stimulating factor in human aortic medial smooth muscle cells.
Authors: T Inaba, T Gotoda, K Harada, M Shimada, J Ohsuga, S Ishibashi, Y Yazaki, N Yamada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Vascular medial smooth muscle cells migrate, proliferate and transform to foam cells in the process of atherosclerosis. We have reported that the intimal smooth muscle cells express proto-oncogene c-fms, a characteristic gene of monocyte-macrophages, which is not normally expressed in medial smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that combinations of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and either epidermal growth factor (EGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) induced high expression of c-fms in normal human medial smooth muscle cells to the level of intimal smooth muscle cells or monocyte-derived macrophages, whereas c-fms expression by PDGF-BB alone was 1/10 and both EGF and FGF had no independent effect on c-fms expression. By contrast, interferon (IFN)-gamma and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) suppressed the induction of c-fms expression. These results indicate that multiple growth factors and cytokines may play a role in the phenotypic transformation of medial smooth muscle cells to intimal smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions by altering c-fms expression.
The role of tyrosine phosphorylation in angiotensin II-mediated intracellular signalling
Authors: M. B. Marrero, B. Schieffer, W. G. Paxton, J. L. Duff, B. C. Berk, K. E. Bernstein
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article The role of tyrosine phosphorylation in angiotensin II-mediated intracellular signalling Get access Mario B. Marrero, Mario B. Marrero aDepartment of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernhard Schieffer, Bernhard Schieffer aDepartment of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William G. Paxton, William G. Paxton aDepartment of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jennifer L. Duff, Jennifer L. Duff bDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bradford C. Berk, Bradford C. Berk bDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kenneth E. Bernstein Kenneth E. Bernstein aDepartment of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 30, Issue 4, October 1995, Pages 530–536, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00094-1 Published: 01 October 1995 Article history Received: 09 January 1995 Accepted: 11 May 1995 Published: 01 October 1995
Why We Don't Need a Relative Risk Standard for Adolescent HIV Vaccine Trials in South Africa
Authors: Catherine M. Slack
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments HAVEG's adolescent work has been funded by the South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative (SAAVI) and the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP). The views represented here are not necessarily the views of SAAVI or EDCTP, nor the National Health Research Ethics Council (NHREC) of which the author is a member.
Best books on endocrinology: a personal choice
Authors: J. Ginsburg
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Forty years ago, therapeutic options for the endocrinologist were limited. Patients with thyroid dysfunction were often referred to surgeons, and reproductive endocrinology was not even considered a subspecialty. Scientific respectability came with the development of radioimmunoassay and accurate hormonal assay, and the synthesis of new drugs has revolutionised the attitude of clinicians to such patients.

Endocrinology has now infiltrated gynaecology, removing not only infertility but disturbances of menstruation, dysmenorrhoea and treatment of the menopause from the gynaecologist, and pushed its tentacles into neurological practice. The ability of bromocriptine to shrink pituitary tumours and the development of octreotide with its multiple inhibitory effects have pioneered medical treatment for many tumours hitherto considered inoperable.

* Clinical Endocrinology. Ed G M Besser, M G Thorner (£90.) Times Mirror, 1994. ISBN 1 56375 5521.

\***|Endocrinology. 3rd edn. Ed L De Groot. (£346.) Saunders, 1995, ISBN 0 7216 1262 4.

The scientific and therapeutic explosion has not, unfortunately, been paralleled by adequate choice in reasonably priced textbooks. The cost of the well …
Percentages of Activated and Proliferating T-Regulatory Cells Correlate with Peanut-Specific Immunoglobulin-E Level in Peanut Allergic Children
Authors: Kuang-Chih Hsiao, Lalita Jindal, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Monique Baker-Mackie, Cassandra Lee, Paul Licciardi, Mimi L.K. Tang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Sudden death during ambulatory monitoring.
Authors: A Lahiri, V Balasubramanian, E B Raftery
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Three patients with ischaemic heart disease died suddenly while being monitored with an ambulatory tape recorder. Two had terminal ventricular fibrillation initiated by paired bidirectional ventricular ectopic beats against a background of scattered ectopic activity; both had had ventricular tachycardia during routine treadmill exercise testing in the week before death. The third patient developed bizarre ventricular complexes followed by asystole. Sudden death may be due to ventricular fibrillation initiated by paired ventricular ectopic beats with changing morphology, or asystole following bizarre ventricular complexes. Exercise testing may have an important predictive value.
The effects of kisspeptin administration on the menstrual cycle in healthy women
Authors: Alexander Comninos, Channa Jayasena, Gurjinder Nijher, Ali Abbara, Akila De Silva, Johannes Veldhuis, Risheka Ratnasabapathy, Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya, Adrian Lim, Daksha Patel, Mohammad Ghatei, Steve Bloom, Waljit Dhillo
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Primary intestinal follicular lymphoma in a patient with very vague abdominal symptoms
Authors: Fotini Debonera, Sateesh Nagumantry, Mo Thoufeeq
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 50-year-old female patient presented with flatulence, mild epigastric discomfort and heartburn. Medical history included nasal polyps, menorrhagia, diverticular disease and gastroesophageal reflux. There was no history of smoking, alcohol use, or weight loss.
Paraoxonase 1, 2 and 3 DNA variants and susceptibility to childhood inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: R Sanchez, E Levy, E Seidman, D Amre, F Costea, D Sinnett
Journal: Gut (2006)

MSI tumours and also think that we should spare no efforts in trying to understand the molecular basis of the response to chemotherapy in that kind of tumour.The importance of DNA methylation in prognosis and chemotherapy response is not completely known, and, in our opinion, research in that area is scarce and inconclusive.In our own and other published studies, most of the tumours that show a lack of efficacy of 5-FU in MMR-deficient tumours are sporadic (and therefore with MSI caused by hypermethylation of the promoter region of MLH1), suggesting that the lack of efficacy of adjuvant 5-FU on MSI tumours could happen in both hereditary and sporadic MSI tumours.Further studies on the role of hypermethylation in prognosis and chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer are under way in our series.Soon, we will be able to report the 5-year follow-up analysis in these series, which will bring forth new and interesting data on this topic.
Principles and Techniques of Surgical Pathology
Authors: Cyril Abrahams
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book will be valuable for the pathologist in training, as well as for the practicing surgical pathologist. For the trainee pathologist, it provides explicit details, extensively and clearly illustrated, of the handling of most specimens likely to be encountered in any surgical pathology laboratory. These methods include dissection, photography, fixation, and sampling. Each organ system is described from these viewpoints. A minor criticism is that more detail could have been provided on the handling of soft-tissue tumors, as well as on the immunoperoxidase technique. The latter has become an important part of the armamentarium of the surgical pathologist. The book is illustrated with excellent surgical anatomy drawings, including ones of lymphatic distributions. Detailed staging tables of malignant tumors are also presented. The emphasis on surgical anatomy, as well as the clinical applications, help to make this an exceptionally useful handbook for surgical pathologists as well as for surgeons.  In
Another Approach to the AIDS Epidemic
Authors: David E. Rogers, June E. Osborn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Over the past two years, the National Commission on AIDS has held hearings almost monthly to gain a better understanding of America's relentlessly advancing epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We have issued four interim reports containing our findings and recommendations,1 2 3 4 and a comprehensive two-year report will be published this fall. During this period, there has been measurable progress in treatment, in legislation to discourage discrimination, in the provision of federal emergency funding for the communities hardest hit by the epidemic, and in some lessening of public hostility toward people living with HIV infection or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . . .
Reply to Letters Regarding Article, “Elevated Remnant Cholesterol Causes Both Low-Grade Inflammation and Ischemic Heart Disease, Whereas Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Causes Ischemic Heart Disease Without Inflammation”
Authors: Anette Varbo, Marianne Benn, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Børge G. Nordestgaard
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Assessment of Endostatin Gene Therapy for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis–Related Desmoid Tumors
Authors: Sandra C.M. Martinico, Sarah Jezzard, N. Julian H. Sturt, Genevieve Michils, Sabine Tejpar, Robin K. Phillips, Georges Vassaux
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is a hallmark of many cancers, including familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)–related desmoid tumors. Endostatin is a well-known antiangiogenic protein that has been described recently as a potential inhibitor of this signaling pathway. Here, we show that endostatin directly induces apoptosis and inhibits the Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cell lines bearing mutations on the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene as a model of FAP-related malignant cells. We then explore the relationship between apoptosis and inhibition of this pathway and show that they are not correlated. These results seem to contradict a well-recognized study, showing that reintroduction of the APC cDNA in APC-deficient cells leads to apoptosis. To reconcile our conclusions with the literature, we further show that a truncated fragment of APC capable of inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway in SW480 cells is incapable of inducing apoptosis in these cells, confirming that APC-mediated apoptosis is uncoupled to the inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway. Finally, we show that endostatin directly induces cell death on primary FAP-related desmoid tumor cells in culture. This phenomenon is also independent of the inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway. Considering the current lack of effective treatment against desmoid tumors, we advocate that endostatin gene therapy represents an attractive new therapeutic approach for this disease. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(16): 8233-40)
Early Appearance of the Inferior Vena Cava in a Tc-99m Red Blood Cell First-Pass Study
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, BENEDEK BOGNAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A man with small-cell carcinoma of the lung underwent a Tc-99m red blood cell gastrointestinal bleeding study because he had a tarry stool. In his first-pass study, there was early filling of the radiotracer in the middle and lower portion of the inferior cava; in addition, the study revealed a distorted and distended inferior vena cava along with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Collateral circulation of the trunk was noted in the subsequent blood-pool images. A subsequent radionuclide superior vena cava study confirmed superior vena cava obstruction just above the entrance to the right atrium. Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans of the chest showed that the superior vena cava was compressed completely by the mediastinal tumor mass and that collateral circulation was present. Development of collateral circulation after superior vena cava obstruction in this patient allowed venous blood to return to the right atrium through the inferior vena cava. Thus, early filling of the inferior vena cava on radionuclide first-pass studies of the abdomen may serve as a sign of superior vena cava obstruction.
Epitope-specific enhancement of antigen presentation by invariant chain.
Authors: F Momburg, S Fuchs, J Drexler, R Busch, M Post, G J Hämmerling, L Adorini
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The MHC class II-associated invariant chain (Ii) is involved in the intracellular sorting of class II molecules to the endocytic pathway where peptides from processed exogenous antigens are bound, and thereby Ii is thought to enhance antigen presentation. Here we demonstrate that presentation of only one out of five epitopes of a given antigen is augmented by Ii. We have compared the presentation of five different epitopes derived from hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) to Ak-restricted T hybridomas by rat-2 fibroblasts transfected with A alpha k and A beta k (RKK) and RKK cells supertransfected with the mouse invariant chain (RKKI). Only the presentation of the HEL epitope 46-61 was enhanced whereas the presentation of the HEL epitopes 25-43, 34-45, 112-124, and 116-129 was unchanged or even slightly diminished in RKKI cells. The presentation of the epitopes 25-43 and 34-45 was virtually insensitive to the lysosomotropic reagent chloroquine. Brefeldin A (BFA), which inhibits protein egress from the endoplasmic reticulum, blocked the presentation of all epitopes tested in RKKI cells. In contrast, in Ii-negative RKK cells only the presentation of the epitope HEL(46-61) was inhibited by BFA and the presentation of the epitopes 25-43 and 34-45 was only slightly impaired. These findings suggest that Ii may target class II molecules to selected endosomal subcompartments involved in the processing of different peptides derived from an endocytosed antigen. As a result, the enhancement of the class II-restricted presentation in Ii expressing cells appears to be epitope specific rather than antigen specific.
More effort needed to prevent unintentional drug poisoning in children
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The rate of unintentional poisoning from drugs among US residents aged 18 and younger is twice that caused by non-pharmaceutical consumer products (9.2 compared with 4.2 emergency visits per 10 000 a year), a study has found ( American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2009, doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.05.018).

Drug use among outpatients is increasingly common in the United States, with 82% of adults and 56% of children taking at least one drug every week, says the study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). “Use …