tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of right and left ventricular infarction in the presence of postinfarction ventricular septal defect.
Authors: R G Cummings, K A Reimer, R Califf, D Hackel, J Boswick, J E Lowe
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To quantitate the amount of right and left ventricular infarction in patients dying with postinfarction ventricular septal defect (PIVSD), hearts from 54 patients with anterior or inferior myocardial infarction were studied at autopsy. Fifteen hearts had myocardial infarction with PIVSD and 39 hearts had infarction without PIVSD and were used as a comparison group. All infarcts were sized histologically and the percent of each ventricle infarcted was quantitated by computer-assisted planimetry. The pathologic substrate for PIVSD was diffuse coronary artery disease with acute thrombosis resulting in transmural confluent infarction. Within the PIVSD group, there was significantly more left ventricle involved in anterior infarctions than in inferior infarctions (p less than .04). Conversely, there was more right ventricular infarction in inferiorly located myocardial infarctions with resulting PIVSD (p = .059). When infarctions resulting in PIVSD were compared with infarctions not resulting in PIVSD, the PIVSD group was characterized by larger left and right ventricular infarcts irrespective of infarct location (p less than .003). The incidence of right ventricular infarction was 100% in the PIVSD group (p less than .0001). Twelve of the 15 patients with PIVSD (80%) developed cardiogenic shock within 48 hr of septal rupture. The high incidence of shock and the rapid deterioration may have been secondary to right ventricular infarction in these patients. Therefore, infarcts resulting in PIVSD and subsequent death are characterized by a high incidence of right ventricular infarction. Significantly more infarction of the right ventricle is seen in either anterior or inferior infarctions resulting in PIVSD compared with infarctions not resulting in PIVSD. PIVSD complicating inferior infarctions is associated with the greatest amount of right ventricular infarction.
DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM OF THE CAUSATION OF DYSPNEA: REPORT OF A CASE WITH AUTOPSY
Authors: Lewis M. Gaines
Journal: JAMA (1935)

On Oct. 23, 1931, there came to my office for the first time a man, aged 48, whose chief complaints were shortness of breath and a feeling of abdominal distention. The patient was white, was married and his occupation was assistant manager of an office building. The patient's story was that about six weeks previously, while getting out some old blue prints, which were covered with dust, he inhaled a good deal of the dust and began to have paroxysms of severe coughing, which had continued more or less constantly. After enduring these coughing attacks for about a month he consulted a physician, who prescribed various forms of treatment but with little success. About October 13, while under treatment for the cough, he suddenly developed dyspnea and a feeling of abdominal distention, particularly above the umbilicus. He found it difficult to breathe when lying down or when standing perfectly erect
Adipose differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells using Pluronic F-127 hydrogel in vitro
Authors: Aditya V. Vashi, Efthimia Keramidaris, Keren M. Abberton, Wayne A. Morrison, Jeremy L. Wilson, Andrea J. O’Connor, Justin J. Cooper-White, Erik W. Thompson
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
More radiotherapy resources are needed for children as well as adults
Authors: J. Punt
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Burnet et al highlight the prejudicial effect on outcomes of the lack of radiotherapy resources in the United Kingdom.1 They cite several cancers occurring in adults but fail to mention children's cancers.

Cancer is one of the four big killing diseases in childhood; after leukaemia, tumours of the central nervous system are the most common cancers in childhood. Brain tumours are categorised as moderate risk diseases …
Extramedullary leukemia in children presenting with proptosis
Authors: Ramesh Murthy, Geeta K Vemuganti, Santosh G Honavar, Milind Naik, Vijayanand Reddy
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2009)

Abstract Background We highlight the orbital manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia and the role of peripheral blood smear in the diagnosis of these cases. A total of 12 patients who presented with proptosis and were subsequently diagnosed to have acute myeloid leukemia based on incision biopsy or peripheral blood smear were included in the study. Results A retrospective review of all cases of acute myeloid leukemia presenting to the Orbital clinic was performed. The age at presentation, gender, presenting features, duration of symptoms and fundus features were noted. In addition the temporal relationship of the orbital disease to the diagnosis of leukemia, laterality, location of the orbital mass, imaging features and the diagnostic tools used to diagnose leukemia were noted. The median age at presentation was 6 years. The male: female ratio was 0.7:1. None of these patients had been diagnosed earlier as having acute myeloid leukemia. The presenting features included proptosis in all patients, orbital mass in 5 (41.7%), visual symptoms in 2 (16.7%) and subconjunctival hemorrhage in one patient (8.3%). A diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia was established by incision biopsy in 4 patients, subsequently confirmed by peripheral blood smear testing and bone marrow biopsy in 2 patients which revealed the presence of systemic involvement. Imprint smears of the biopsy identified blasts in 2 of 4 cases. In 8 patients presenting with ocular manifestations, diagnosis was established by peripheral blood smear examination alone which revealed a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. Conclusion A peripheral blood smear should be performed in all cases of sudden onset proptosis or an orbital mass in children and young adults along with an orbital biopsy. It can always be complemented with a bone marrow biopsy especially in cases of aleukemic leukemia or when the blood smear is inconclusive.
Growth hormone-releasing peptides, CD36, and stimulation of cholesterol efflux: cyclooxygenase-2 is the link
Authors: D. P. Ramji
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the vasculature, is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Endothelial dysfunction/activation is a major initiating event in atherosclerosis, which leads to the recruitment of circulating monocytes, their differentiation into macrophages, and their subsequent transformation into lipid-loaded foam cells through the uptake of modified lipoproteins, particularly oxidized LDL (oxLDL).1 Foam cells play a key role in this disease by stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species at the vessel wall.1,2 Foam cell formation can be regarded as a balance between the uptake of modified lipoproteins, through scavenger receptors such as CD36, and the efflux of cholesterol, primarily via ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC) A1 and G1.1,2 Several factors are known to control macrophage cholesterol uptake and efflux, including cytokines, bioactive peptides and activators of nuclear receptors, particularly peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs).2

PPARs are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis along with inflammatory responses, thereby representing excellent therapeutic targets for limiting atherosclerosis.2,3 PPARs are activated by several fatty acids and fatty acid-derived products along with synthetic agonists, including fibrates (PPARα) and thiazolidinediones (PPARγ) used in the treatment of dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes, respectively.3 Activation … 

*Corresponding author. Tel/Fax: +44 2920 876753. E-mail address : Ramji{at}cardiff.ac.uk
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding: Authors' reply
Authors: R. Park, P. R Mills
Journal: BMJ (1992)

ing (including fine bore tube feeding) have been well documented,5 but nasogastric feeding remains an essential part of nutritional support.Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a major technical advance in obtaining access for nutritional support, and though its safety is well.established, it is still an invasive procedure and not suitable for all.What has not been well established, and which neither Park and colleagues or Forgacs and colleagues addressed, is the indication for nutritional support in patients with disabling neurological conditions.Research and training in nutritional support are needed to define and outline the risks and benefits of nutritional intervention in such patients.Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding is an advance for those who require long term tube feeding, and we would not have con- sidered randomising patients who had already had four weeks of nasogastric tube feeding.We do not see percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding as a panacea for all, nor will its use "prevent the degrading spectacle of elderly, under- nourished patients with their hands bandaged to the side of the bed."2Let clinicians decide whether nutritional support is appropriate and then institute appropriate treatment using well proved techno- logical advances such as percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.
Angiotensin receptor blockers and outcomes in real‐world older patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: a propensity‐matched inception cohort clinical effectiveness study
Authors: Kanan Patel, Gregg C. Fonarow, Dalane W. Kitzman, Inmaculada B. Aban, Thomas E. Love, Richard M. Allman, Mihai Gheorghiade, Ali Ahmed
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Immunoaugmentative Therapy-Reply
Authors: Saul Green
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —My conclusion that The Cancer Chronicles was an IAT proponent newsletter was based on the following information:  In 1985, Frank Wiewel formed a group called the IAT Patients Association (IATPA) to promote and support Burton and IAT. 1   On January 1,1990, the name of the group was changed to People Against Cancer (PAC) and The Cancer Chronicles , with Dr Moss as editor, was designated as PAC's official publication. Moss serves as adviser to PAC's president Frank Wiewel, to its board of directors, and to its board of trustees, and he has the final word on the stories in The Cancer Chronicles (testimony by Frank Wiewel in the case of Herbert v the American Quack Association , Case No. C-87-3169, filed in US District Court for the Northern District of Iowa, Central Division).  Since PAC and IATPA are one and the same, Moss and The Cancer Chronicles must be considered
Alteration of Parasympathetic/Sympathetic Ratio in the Infarcted Myocardium After Schwann Cell Transplantation Modified Electrophysiological Function of Heart
Authors: Hao Zhang, Xin Yuan, Pei-feng Jin, Jian-feng Hou, Wei Wang, Ying-jie Wei, Shengshou Hu
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Neural remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) may cause fatal ventricular arrhythmia. Schwann cells (SCs), which are important for neurogenesis, are dramatically reduced after MI. We investigated the feasibility of modifying nervous system regeneration after MI and the efficacy by which it may prevent ventricular arrhythmia following SC transplantation.Immediately after creation of MI, syngenic Lewis rats were randomized into cell transplantation (n=80) and control groups (n=72). SCs were isolated from sciatic nerves, and 5×10(6) cells were intramyocardially injected into the infarct region. Expression levels of myocardial nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, growth-associated protein 43, connexin 43, and laminin in the SC group were significantly higher than control at 7 and 14 days after cell transplantation. Immunohistochemical staining illustrated increases in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in both groups. However, SC transplantation significantly increased the parasympathetic/sympathetic ratio at 14 days after cell injection. Dynamic electrocardiography and programmed electric stimulation were also performed. The SCs significantly decreased the low-/high-frequency ratio and arrhythmia score of programmed electric stimulation-induced ventricular arrhythmia at 2 weeks after cell injection. However, SCs did not restore heart function.Transplanted SCs in the infarcted myocardium secrete multiple biological molecules, which alter the ratio of parasympathetic/sympathetic nerve density to normalize irritable myocardium. SC transplantation might be a novel cell-based antiarrhythmic therapy following MI.
Structural analysis of a mouse mammary tumor virus superantigen.
Authors: Y Choi, P Marrack, J W Kappler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

It has recently been shown that the minor lymphocyte stimulating-like products expressed by some mice are actually encoded by open reading frames in the 3' long terminal repeats of mouse mammary tumor viruses. These products act as viral superantigens (vSAGs). That is, they stimulate most T cells bearing particular V beta s almost regardless of the rest of the variable components of the T cell receptors expressed by those cells. To find out more about the structure of these vSAGs, a set of truncated vSAG genes was used in transfection and in vitro translation experiments to show that the functional vSAG is a type II integral membrane protein with a large glycosylated extracellular COOH-terminal domain and a small, nonessential, intracellular NH2-terminal cytoplasmic domain. These results are consistent with the fact that the vSAGs must be expressed on the cell surface in order to interact with T cells and class II major histocompatibility complex proteins. They also account for the finding that much of the V beta specificity of the vSAGs is controlled by amino acids at the COOH-terminal end of the vSAG proteins, amino acids that will be extracellular in type II proteins.
Recommendations for the administration of influenza vaccine in children allergic to egg
Authors: M Erlewyn-Lajeunesse, N Brathwaite, J S A Lucas, J O Warner
Journal: BMJ (2009)

#### Summary points

Egg allergy affects about 2.6% of preschool children by 3 years of age, and influenza immunisation using egg based vaccines has been classified as a “relative contraindication” (prescribe with extra caution) in this patient group.1 Until now the numbers of children with egg allergy requiring immunisation has been low, but this may change with the potential for a mass immunisation campaign. This article reviews the literature on the safety of flu vaccines and provides guidelines for the administration of these vaccines to children with egg allergy. Although egg-free flu vaccines are expected to be available for this season, the provision of sufficient amounts of this vaccine cannot be guaranteed at the time of writing, and a pragmatic strategy for the safe immunisation of children with egg allergy is required.

We identified articles using PubMed and the search terms “influenza” and “egg allergy”. We identified further references within relevant papers. We found two randomised clinical trials, but most evidence comes from small case series.

This season two varieties of flu vaccine will be available: a pandemic A/H1N1 strain and the normal trivalent seasonal flu vaccine that will contain an A/H1N1 virus but will not protect against the pandemic …
Revision of Pharmacopeia.
Authors: H. C. Wood
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Philadelphia, May 1, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In accordance with instructions given by resolutions passed at the National Convention for Revision of the Pharmacopeia of the United States of America, held in Washington, in 1890, I herewith give notice that a general convention for the revision of the pharmacopeia of the United States of America will be held in the City of Washington, D. C., beginning on the first Wednesday in May, 1900. It is requested that the several bodies represented in the convention of 1880 and 1890, and also such other incorporated State medical and pharmaceutic associations, and incorporated colleges of medicine and pharmacy, as shall have been in continuous operation for at least five years immediately preceding this notice, shall each elect delegates, not exceeding three in number; and that the surgeon-general of the army, the surgeon-general of the navy, and the surgeon-general of the marine-hospital service shall
The Problem of the Anomalous Left Coronary Artery Arising from the Pulmonary Artery in Older Children
Authors: Jerome Liebman, Herman K. Hellerstein, Jay L. Ankeney, Arthur Tucker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE clinical picture in patients with an anomalous left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery has not been well recognized in older children. Very few cases have been diagnosed ante mortem.1 2 3 4 Furthermore, doubt of the efficacy of ligating the aberrant coronary vessel has recently been raised.5 In 2 of the cases reported below the diagnosis of an anomalous left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery was made during life. These 2 patients were each clearly demonstrated to have retrograde flow from a normally positioned coronary artery to the abnormally positioned vessel and thus into the pulmonary artery. One . . .
Southall faces being struck off for a second time
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The child protection expert and paediatrician David Southall again faces possible erasure from the medical register, two months after he was reinstated following a Court of Appeal ruling in his favour.

In May three appeal court judges quashed a finding by a General Medical Council fitness to practise panel that he had accused a mother of murdering her son and a decision to strike him off the register. They ruled that the panel had not given adequate reasons ( BMJ 2010;340:c2448, doi:10.1136/bmj.c2448).

At the time the GMC panel reached no decision on the sanction for two lesser charges of which it found him …
Abstract 4574: Towards a new targeted therapy for ovarian cancer : Development of an anti-human müllerian inhibiting substance type II receptor humanized antibody
Authors: Alexandra Jacquet, Nathalie Kersual, Véronique Garambois, Pierre-Emmanuel Colombo, Rui-Bras Goncalvez, Charles Theillet, Christine Gaucher, Nathalie Fournier, Christophe De Romeuf, Jean-François Prost, Rémi Urbain, André Pèlegrin, Isabelle Teulon-Navarro
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Asymptomatic in early stages, ovarian cancer is a “silent killer” corresponding to the 5th cause of female deaths in US. In 2010 it is estimated that 21,880 women in US will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Due to the limitations of the current therapeutic approaches, there is a strong need for novel, more efficient, therapies. We describe here a humanized monoclonal antibody 3C23K targeting the human Müllerian Inhibiting Substance type II Receptor (MISRII), expressed on most ovarian cancer subtypes, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) representing more than 90% of ovarian cancers. Starting from murine monoclonal antibody 12G4, 3C23K was obtained following chimerization, humanization by CDR grafting and affinity maturation. Moreover, 3C23K displays a particular glycosylation profile known to favor effector recruitment in vitro and in vivo (EMABling®). Assessed on MISRII transfected cells (cov434-MISRII), 3C23K was characterized by an affinity constant to the antigen increased by 3 fold as compared to murine 12G4. In order to evaluate 3C23K efficacy in vitro and in vivo, we have established several MISRII expressing cell lines derived from patient primary EOC tumors. Functional characterization of 3C23K has been carried out in vitro, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement dependent cytotoxicity, apoptosis and intracellular signaling. In particular, 3C23K was found to display a higher ADCC activity on MISRII expressing cell lines as compared to the same sequence expressed in CHO cells. In vivo, 3C23K exhibited a significant effect on tumor growth against several ovarian tumor xenografted models derived from patient primary EOC tumors. Altogether these data strongly suggest that humanized monoclonal antibody 3C23K may represent a promising candidate for ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4574. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4574
HLA-DRw6 and renal allograft rejection.
Authors: G F Hendriks, G M Schreuder, F H Claas, J D'Amaro, G G Persijn, B Cohen, J J van Rood
Journal: BMJ (1983)

HLA-DRw6-positive patients are "high responders" to certain renal allograft antigens. A study was therefore conducted of the outcome of 247 first renal allografts in 74 DRw6-positive and 173 DRw6-negative recipients. The effectiveness of matching for HLA-DR determinants in both groups was also analysed. The one-year graft survival in DRw6-positive patients was 59% as compared with 75% in DRw6-negative recipients (p = 0.012). A striking difference between the two groups was that HLA-DR matching significantly improved renal allograft survival only in the DRw6-positive patients. In those patients the one-year survival of HLA-DR-identical grafts was 95% as compared with only 38% for 2-DR mismatched grafts (p = 0.009). In DRw6-negative patients only a slight beneficial effect of HLA-DR matching was observed (83% versus 72% at one year for the 0-DR and 2-DR mismatched grafts, respectively) (p greater than 0.05). These findings are clear evidence that DRw6-positive patients (about a quarter of the patients on the waiting list of Eurotransplant) should be given HLA-DR-identical kidney transplants only.
Potential impact on estimated treatment effects of information lost to follow-up in randomised controlled trials (LOST-IT): systematic review
Authors: E. A. Akl, M. Briel, J. J. You, X. Sun, B. C. Johnston, J. W. Busse, S. Mulla, F. Lamontagne, D. Bassler, C. Vera, M. Alshurafa, C. M. Katsios, Q. Zhou, T. Cukierman-Yaffe, A. Gangji, E. J. Mills, S. D. Walter, D. J. Cook, H. J. Schunemann, D. G. Altman, G. H. Guyatt
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To assess the reporting, extent, and handling of loss to follow-up and its potential impact on the estimates of the effect of treatment in randomised controlled trials.Systematic review. We calculated the percentage of trials for which the relative risk would no longer be significant under a number of assumptions about the outcomes of participants lost to follow-up.Medline search of five top general medical journals, 2005-07.Randomised controlled trials that reported a significant binary primary patient important outcome.Of the 235 eligible reports identified, 31 (13%) did not report whether or not loss to follow-up occurred. In reports that did give the relevant information, the median percentage of participants lost to follow-up was 6% (interquartile range 2-14%). The method by which loss to follow-up was handled was unclear in 37 studies (19%); the most commonly used method was survival analysis (66, 35%). When we varied assumptions about loss to follow-up, results of 19% of trials were no longer significant if we assumed no participants lost to follow-up had the event of interest, 17% if we assumed that all participants lost to follow-up had the event, and 58% if we assumed a worst case scenario (all participants lost to follow-up in the treatment group and none of those in the control group had the event). Under more plausible assumptions, in which the incidence of events in those lost to follow-up relative to those followed-up is higher in the intervention than control group, results of 0% to 33% trials were no longer significant.Plausible assumptions regarding outcomes of patients lost to follow-up could change the interpretation of results of randomised controlled trials published in top medical journals.