tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Troglitazone action is independent of adipose tissue.
Authors: C F Burant, S Sreenan, K Hirano, T A Tai, J Lohmiller, J Lukens, N O Davidson, S Ross, R A Graves
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We have investigated the antidiabetic action of troglitazone in aP2/DTA mice, whose white and brown fat was virtually eliminated by fat-specific expression of diphtheria toxin A chain. aP2/DTA mice had markedly suppressed serum leptin levels and were hyperphagic, but did not gain excess weight. aP2/DTA mice fed a control diet were hyperlipidemic, hyperglycemic, and had hyperinsulinemia indicative of insulin-resistant diabetes. Treatment with troglitazone alleviated the hyperglycemia, normalized the tolerance to intraperitoneally injected glucose, and significantly decreased elevated insulin levels. Troglitazone also markedly decreased the serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids both in wild-type and aP2/DTA mice. The decrease in serum triglycerides in aP2/DTA mice was due to a marked reduction in VLDL- and LDL-associated triglyceride. In skeletal muscle, triglyceride levels were decreased in aP2/DTA mice compared with controls, but glycogen levels were increased. Troglitazone treatment decreased skeletal muscle, but not hepatic triglyceride and increased hepatic and muscle glycogen content in wild-type mice. Troglitazone decreased muscle glycogen content in aP2/DTA mice without affecting muscle triglyceride levels. The levels of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma mRNA in liver increased slightly in aP2/DTA mice and were not changed by troglitazone treatment. The results demonstrate that insulin resistance and diabetes can occur in animals without significant adipose deposits. Furthermore, troglitazone can alter glucose and lipid metabolism independent of its effects on adipose tissue.
Identification of Xanthochromia
Authors: Mark Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  I have recently observed a particularly effective way to evaluate CSF visually for the presence of xanthochromia. The usual procedure consists of centrifugation of bloody CSF, followed by placing the container of fluid next to a white object (usually a lab coat) or holding it up to a light source. The supernatant is then inspected for xanthochromia, sometimes compared with water in a similar container. I have found that a more effective approach is holding the CSF container next to an x-ray view box. Thus, an easily accessible, brightened white background makes xanthochromia easier to spot. I have found this to be more effective than the traditional techniques for identifying faint xanthochromia.
[153] MYCOPHENOLIC ACID (MPA) AUC(0-12h) IN STABLE LIVER TRANSPLANT PATIENTS TREATED WITH A MONOTHERAPY OF MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL (MMF) FOR CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS (CNI) INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY
Authors: S. Dharancv, A. Hulin, N. Declerck, B. Blanche, E. Boleslawski, V. Canva, P. Mathurin, F.R. Pruvot
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Anesthesia with Intravenous Pentothal Sodium and Local Nerve Block in Gynecologic Surgery
Authors: James C. McCann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE use of Pentothal Sodium as an intravenous anesthetic agent has found wide acceptance in the field of gynecologic surgery. This is probably related to the following basic considerations: the high incidence of satisfactory muscular relaxation in this field of surgery as a consequence of antecedent pregnancy; and the minimal intensity of reflex stimulation of respiration from surgical trauma in the areas of lumbar and sacral autonomic nerve supply during pelvic surgery. Quantitative and pneumographic observations made during the past three years in pursuance of a routine surgical practice in which intravenous Pentothal Sodium combined with local nerve block has . . .
Ankylosing spondylitis--experience with a self administered questionnaire: an analytical study.
Authors: V S Ringsdal, J J Andreasen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

A questionnaire drafted by the president of a self help group of patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the Danish Ankylosing Spondylitis Society (DASS), was completed by 179 of 184 (97%) consecutive patients with AS. The following results were found. The diagnosis of AS was delayed an average of 12.6 years for women and 9.5 years for men. No differences were found in age at onset of the disease. A comparison of juvenile and adult onset showed a higher incidence of initial peripheral articular manifestations in patients with juvenile ankylosing spondylitis. Stiffness progressed significantly in both sexes during the illness. Two men still had stiffness localised only to the lumbar spine after more than 20 years of illness. Twenty four of 47 women (51%) and 36/121 (30%) of the men had experienced extra-articular disease. Fifteen of 46 women (33%) and 18/121 (15%) of the men had iritis and conjunctivitis before the diagnosis of AS was established and later, in the course of the illness. The results of this study agreed with those of previous investigations. The advantage of using a questionnaire as a screening test is that many patients may be studied and information brought up to date in a simple and inexpensive way.
Acute angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition increases the plasma level of the natural stem cell regulator N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline.
Authors: M Azizi, A Rousseau, E Ezan, T T Guyene, S Michelet, J M Grognet, M Lenfant, P Corvol, J Ménard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) has two homologous active NH2- and COOH-terminal domains and displays activity toward a broad range of substrates. The tetrapeptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) has been shown to be hydrolyzed in vitro by ACE and to be a preferential substrate for its NH2-terminal active site. This peptide is a regulatory factor of hematopoiesis which reversibly stem cells and normal early progenitors into S-phase. We found that a single oral dose of 50 mg of the ACE inhibitor, captopril, when administered to eight healthy subjects in a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study, massively increased the plasma level of Ac-SDKP. ACE inhibition by captopril induced a 90-99% inhibition of in vitro [3H]Ac-SDKP hydrolysis and a long-lasting 5.5-fold (range: 4-8.5-fold) increase in the plasma levels of Ac-SDKP. These results demonstrate that Ac-SDKP is the first natural peptide hydrolyzed by the NH2-terminal domain of ACE not only in vitro but also in vivo, confirming that both catalytic sites of ACE are physiologically active. Our data suggest that ACE may also be implicated in the process of hematopoietic stem cell regulation, by permanently degrading this natural circulating inhibitor of cell entry into S-phase.
1409 THE NEW DUAL PPARα/δ AGONIST GFT505 IMPROVES HEPATIC INSULIN RESISTANCE AND DECREASES SERUM LIVER ENZYMES IN ABDOMINALLY OBESE PATIENTS
Authors: B. Cariou, R. Hanf, S. Lambert-Porcheron, Y. Zaïr, L. Flet, B. Staels, M. Laville
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Massive Left Atrium and Mitral Valvotomy
Authors: A. Venner
Journal: BMJ (1954)

wuXnm 1359kg. per day, for six months.Neither streptomycin nor p-aminosa!icylicacid, nor any other drug, was used dur- ing this period.There was an almost regular improve- ment in general health, a gain in weight was usual, but the lozal tuberculous lesions fared no better and no worse than we would have expected had no drug been used.We wish to record our gratitude to the members of the consultant staff of the Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Ortho- paedic Hospital, Oswestry, who transferred to our care patients whom we thought suitable for this therapeutic trial; and also to Bengers Laboratories Ltd., for supplies of the drug and for the performance of most of the chemical tests and tests of sensitivity.
Why Can't a Woman Be More like a Man?
Authors: A. Brian Little
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

IN recent years, women have gone from being labeled a national treasure to being recognized as a national resource. With that recognition has come a responsibility on the part of medical schools, hospitals, and other educational and training institutions to develop programs and policies that meet the needs of women in medical and residency training.1 Women currently make up over 34 percent of medical students and 28 percent of residents,2 and the proportions are increasing. As a result, the combination of family and training — rather than family in lieu of training or vice versa — has come to the . . .
Survival During Fasting May Depend on Fat as Well as Protein Stores
Authors: Lawrence A. Leiter
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The determinants of length of survival during total fasting are unknown. Media reports of hunger strikers in Northern Ireland have provided some basis for evaluating this question. Such "data" combined with standard concepts of body composition, fuel homeostasis, and responses to therapeutic fasts suggest that death occurred when fat stores were approaching exhaustion. Thus, fat stores may play a central role. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:2306-2307)
GMC suspends doctor for false research claims
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A consultant who forged the signatures of two colleagues and falsely claimed authorship of research in which he had played no part was suspended for three months by the General Medical Council last week.

Ranjit Sinharay was an associate specialist and locum consultant at the Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Llantrisant, Mid Glamorgan, when he learnt of research carried out by a nurse practitioner, Diane Bird, into the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Ms Bird presented her research, which was supervised by George Strang, at the …
Sleep Disorders, Public Health, and Public Safety
Authors: Michael A. Grandner, Allan I. Pack
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetic variation in human HBB is associated with Plasmodium falciparum transmission
Authors: Louis Clement Gouagna, Germana Bancone, Frank Yao, Bienvenue Yameogo, Kounbobr Roch Dabiré, Carlo Costantini, Jacques Simporé, Jean Bosco Ouedraogo, David Modiano
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
The Next Era for Prostate Cancer Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Paul H. Lange
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The field of prostate cancer is important, changing, and confusing. Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death among US men. Yet autopsy studies show that many men without clinical prostate cancer have some cancer in their prostates, albeit in small volumes. This, plus the fact that prostate cancer occurs in aging men and often grows slowly, means that many more men die with prostate cancer than of it. In the past, early diagnosis was advocated by periodic digital rectal examinations (DREs), treatments for curative intent consisted of radical prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy, and significant palliation as afforded by androgen ablation therapies. Yet the mortality from prostate cancer has not altered in decades.<sup>1</sup>Today, concepts about prostatic cancer treatment are changing rapidly, principally because of the availability of spring-loaded biopsy guns and transrectal ultrasonography (which make prostate biopsies safer, easier, and
Evaluation of a novel endoluminal stapling procedure to restrict the lower esophageal sphincter and reduce reflux
Authors: E. Sporn, B. Miedema, J. Astudillo, S. Siddiqi, J. Marshall, R. Calaluce, D. Cleveland, T. Loy, K. Thaler
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de E. Sporn et al., pp. 752Endoscopy 2008; 40(09): 969-969DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306876
Restoration and reversible expansion of the osteoblastic hematopoietic stem cell niche after marrow radioablation
Authors: Massimo Dominici, Valeria Rasini, Rita Bussolari, Xiaohua Chen, Ted J. Hofmann, Carlotta Spano, Daniela Bernabei, Elena Veronesi, Filippo Bertoni, Paolo Paolucci, PierFranco Conte, Edwin M. Horwitz
Journal: Blood (2009)
Suicide Prevention and Niacin
Authors: H. L. P. Resnik
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would like to clarify an allusion about a relationship between suicide and patients with schizophrenia given niacin therapy, which Dr. Hoffer made in his reply to Drs. Henninger and Bowers (<b>207</b>: 1355, 1969). Dr. Hoffer says that "none of 450 patients receiving niacin against 12 out of 450 receiving tranquilizers, electric convulsive therapy, etc, over a ten-year period [committed suicide]," and he again states that, "we, however, reported a large number of indices of improvement including freedom from suicide," and "in my opinion, niacin therapy is generally less harmful than psychotherapy if one can judge by suicide rate, the divorce rate, and home breakdown rate." My familiarity with the literature on suicide including that among schizophrenics leads me to state that there are no controlled studies showing that schizophrenics treated with niacin are less likely to commit suicide than those receiving other methods of treatment.
CONVALESCENT SERUM IN POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Wardner D. Ayer
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It seems imperative that sharp exception be made to the report of five cases of poliomyelitis treated with intramuscular injections of convalescent serum by Drs. E. B. Shaw, H. M. Thelander, and E. C. Fleischner of San Francisco (The Journal, Nov. 14, 1925), on the basis that the clinical facts presented are at variance with the usual and definite symptomatology of early poliomyelitis. Poliomyelitis is characterized by a preparalytic period of a fairly uniform duration of three days. This period is in reality the active phase of the disease and is then followed by the appearance of the paralytic sequelae. The manifestations of this early period are remarkably constant. Fever is seldom high, averaging 102 and rarely above 103 F. Headache, rigid neck and tremor constitute an important and almost constant triad of findings. In addition, there may be a peculiar apathy and listlessness but never delirium
Developing countries may not get benefits of GM food
Authors: Madeleine Brettingham
Journal: BMJ (2005)

the treatment, although an estimated 6.5 million people worldwide would benefit from it.Latin America and the Caribbean have 62% of the estimated 465 000 people who would benefit already receiving treatment; followed by East, South, and South East Asia (14% of 1.1 million); Europe and Central Asia (13% of 160 000); sub-Saharan Africa (11% of 4.7m); and North Africa and the Middle East (5% of 75 000).The heaviest burden of disease is in sub-Saharan Africa, where half a million people are now receiving treatment, a threefold increase in the past 12 months."We are going to get to three million, though it will take a little longer than we had wanted," Jim Yong Kim, director of the WHO Department of HIV/AIDS, said in an interview.
Abstract 3936: The role of megakaryocytes in breast cancer metastasis to bone.
Authors: Walter Jackson, Andrea M. Mastro
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Breast cancer cells frequently metastasize to bone. Despite the clinical ramifications, very little is understood about the fundamental mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon. While analyzing femur sections from mice that had been inoculated in the left ventricle of the heart with human metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we saw a several fold increase in the number of megakaryocytes (MKs) in the bone marrow. We hypothesized that either MKs aid in the growth of cancer cells in the bone by preparing a niche for the metastases or that the increase resulted from the altered microenvironment of the marrow due to the presence of the cancer. MKs are the pre-cursors to platelets and normally represent a small portion of all bone marrow cells. However, they can increase exponentially under stressful conditions such as primary thrombocythemia and in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Platelets are known to interact with tumor cells to contribute to hematogenous metastasis and angiogenesis. Thrombocytosis, high platelet count, is a poor prognostic factor for breast cancer metastasis; and moreover, many cancer patients die from thromboembolisms. MKs also play a crucial role in bone metabolism and skeletal homeostasis. Objectives: to determine (1) if the increase in MKs precedes the growth of cancer cells in the bone; (2) the role that cancer cell-osteoblast/stromal interactions play in the increase in megakaryopoiesis. For aim 1, MK numbers in the femurs of athymic mice inoculated with MDA-MB-231-luc intracardially (metastasis) were compared with those inoculated in the mammary gland (no metastasis). Serum was assayed for key MK maturation factors thrombopoietin (TPO) and stromal-derived factor-1(SDF-1). There was on average a two-fold increase in MK numbers in the femurs of mice with metastasic disease. However, this increase was not found in mice with localized growth but no metastasis. The increase correlated with the increase in metastatic tumor burden. There was no increase in platelet count, SDF-1, or TPO even when MK numbers were high. We concluded that the cancer cells preceded the increase of MKs in the bone marrow in a xenograft model. A syngeneic model of Balb/c mice with 4T1.2 cancer cells that metastasize from the mammary gland and 67NR cells that do not are also being compared. Thus far we have found that femurs of mice carrying 4t1.2 cells for 30 days also showed an increase in the numbers of MKs. Finally, Balb/c mice lacking TPO and thus having low MKs will be tested for metastasis. This work was supported by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command under W81XWH-10-1-0253. Citation Format: Walter Jackson, Andrea M. Mastro. The role of megakaryocytes in breast cancer metastasis to bone. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3936. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3936
THE SURGERY OF CAMP WIKOFF.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

<h3>ABSCESSES.</h3> We would naturally take it for granted that among the returning soldiers from Cuba, owing to their greatly debilitated condition, suppurative affections in different forms, and affecting various tissues and organs, would furnish a rich and interesting material for the surgical ward of the General Hospital. The sources of infection were many, and the resistance of the tissues to pathogenic microbes in most of the men who returned was at low ebb. A good share of the surgical work consisted in incising and draining abscesses, some of them of enormous size. In the treatment of all of these cases, owing to the pronounced anemia and great weakness, special precautions were resorted to to prevent the loss of even as much as a teaspoonful of blood in performing the operations. In abscesses in the anal region the Paquelin cautery was usually used in preference to the knife, in laying open
Densitometry of the Peripheral Skeleton to Detect Osteopenia
Authors: Gordon L. Bilbrey
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The assertion by Drs Mazess and Cameron<sup>1</sup>in a recent letter to the editor in<i>JAMA</i>that single-photon absorptiometry is an ineffective method for early detection of osteopenia in osteoporosis is not accurate. It is time to separate myth from fact. There is convincing evidence that the 5-mm distal radial site represents a concentration of trabecular bone in excess of 50%. Standard distal radial measurements contain more cortical and less trabecular bone than 5-mm measurements. First, comparison of graphs demonstrates the more proximal anatomic location of the standard distal radial measurements<sup>2</sup>when compared with the more distal 5-mm site.<sup>3</sup>Second, the range of mean bone mineral density measurements at the standard distal radial site is from approximately 525 to 350 mg/sq cm,<sup>2</sup>whereas the 5-mm site ranges from 440 to 280 mg/sq cm.<sup>3</sup>Comparing the former distal measurement (25% trabecular bone) with
63 CORRELATION OF EARLY DETECTION OF HCV NS3-RESISTANCE AND VIROLOGICAL FAILURE IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH TRIPLE THERAPY INCLUDING TELAPREVIR OR BOCEPREVIR
Authors: V. Cento, V.C. Di Maio, D. Di Paolo, F. De Luca, V. Micheli, M. Tontodonati, M.C. Bellocchi, L. Carioti, D. Armenia, F. De Leonardis, F.P. Antonucci, G. Madeddu, C. Magni, C. Sarrecchia, S. Babudieri, G. Parruti, M. Angelico, G. Rizzardini, C.F. Perno, F. Ceccherini-Silberstein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Prevalence of allergic diseases in schoolchildren in relation to family history, upper respiratory infections, and residential characteristics
Authors: N. Åberg, J. Sundell, B. Eriksson, B. Hesselmaf, B. Åberg
Journal: Allergy (1996)

The prevalences of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and eczema were analyzed in relation to retrospective risk factors from birth in a questionnaire study of schoolchildren in two areas covering the whole climatic span of Sweden: the Göteborg area on the southwestern coast (7‐year‐olds, n = 1649) and Kiruna, a mining town in the northernmost inland mountains (7–9‐year‐olds, n = 832). The strongest background factor, a family history of the diseases, was more common in children with another strong risk factor, particularly for asthma: high frequency of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Other significant risk factors related to high indoor humidity caused an increased prevalence of both allergic diseases and URTI. Active mechanical ventilation of the homes caused a slight reduction of the prevalence of allergic diseases, and repainting or new wallpaper in the bedroom of the child after birth caused a moderately increased risk of allergic disease. This study illustrates the interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors with special emphasis on factors related to an unventilated indoor climate, which may have substantially contributed to the current increase of the diseases in the country.
Comparison of novel strategy therapies for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Relation of relief of left ventricular outflow obstruction to improved symptoms and health-related quality of life parameters
Authors: Saidi Mohiddin, Gina Rowe, Londa Hathaway, Eric Leifer, Nancy Leidy, Susan Biddle, Sue Marden, Dorothy Tripodi, Lameh Fananapazir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)