tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computed tomographic screening for lung cancer: individualising the benefit of the screening
Authors: C. I. Henschke, D. F. Yankelevitz, D. I. McCauley, S. Sone, T. Hanaoka, S. Markowitz, A. Miller, K. Klingler, T. Scherer, R. Inderbitzi, J. Zulueta, L. Montuenga, G. Bastarrika, S. Giunta, M. Crecco, P. Pugliese, M. Tockman, D. Shaham, K. Rice, R. Aye, H. Roberts, D. Patsios, T. Bauer, J. Lally, J. H.M. Austin, G. D.N. Pearson, D. Naidich, G. McGuinness, M. Rifkin, E. Fiore, S. Kopel, D. Klippenstein, A. Litwin, P. A. Loud, L. J. Kohman, E. M. Scalzetti, A. Khan, R. Shah, M. V. Smith, H. T. Williams, L. Lovett, D. S. Mendelson, R. Thurer, R. T. Heelan, M. S. Ginsberg, F. Sullivan, M. Ottinger, D. Vafai, T. A.S. Matalon, S. L. Odzer, X. Liu, B. Sheppard, E. Cole, P. H. Wiernik, D. Ray, H. Pass, C. Endress, D. Mullen, M. Kalafer, F. Grannis, A. Rotter, M. K. Thorsen, R. Hansen, E. Camacho, D. Luedke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Individuals concerned about their risk of lung cancer are recommended to talk with their physicians about computed tomographic screening for lung cancer. To provide the necessary information, the survival benefit of the screening, specific to a particular person for a particular round of screening, is needed. The probability of survival gain from the first, baseline, round of screening was addressed as the product of: 1) the screening resulting in a diagnosis of lung cancer; 2) not dying from some other cause for a sufficiently long period of time; and 3) cure resulting from pre-symptomatic treatment of lung cancer. These probabilities were estimated using the International Early Lung Cancer Action Program data on individuals aged 40-85 yrs with a cigarette smoking history of 0-150 pack-yrs. The estimated probability of survival gain ranged from 0.4% for a 60-yr-old with a 10-pack-yr smoking history who quit smoking 20 yrs ago, to 3.1% for a 70-yr-old current smoker with a 100 pack-yr history and 2.0% for an 85-yr-old current smoker with a 150-pack-yr history. When seeking counsel about initiation of screening for lung cancer, an estimate of the probability of survival gain from the first round of computed tomographic screening, specific to the person's age and history of smoking, can be provided.
Severe Aortic Stenosis and Coronary Artery Disease—Implications for Management in the Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Era
Authors: Sachin S. Goel, Mobolaji Ige, E. Murat Tuzcu, Stephen G. Ellis, William J. Stewart, Lars G. Svensson, Bruce W. Lytle, Samir R. Kapadia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Pellagra: a review with emphasis on photosensitivity
Authors: P. Wan, S. Moat, A. Anstey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Niacin has recently been demonstrated to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients and to reduce cardiovascular events when combined with a statin. As a consequence, niacin has been elevated from being of historical interest as the treatment for pellagra, to being a compound with possible relevance to contemporary therapeutics. In spite of this, niacin deficiency leading to pellagra continues to be a health problem in some countries. Characterized by an exposed‐site hyperpigmented dermatitis, pellagra is generally accepted to have been the first photosensitivity syndrome described. At its worst, pellagra manifests as one of the most striking examples of systemic photosensitivity. This is the only photosensitivity syndrome where death is included as a cardinal clinical feature (the often quoted four 'Ds': dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia and death). However, the pathogenetic mechanism for the photosensitivity caused by niacin deficiency has yet to be determined. This review seeks to update the classification and phenotypic characterization of the various forms of niacin‐deficient photosensitivity. Previous speculation about possible mechanisms for the pathogenesis of photosensitivity due to niacin deficiency is reviewed in the context of advances in the understanding of the photochemical basis of photosensitivity reactions. The review concludes by highlighting research required to advance the understanding of this photosensitivity syndrome.
Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance — what, how and whither?
Authors: R. Bax, R. Bywater, G. Cornaglia, H. Goossens, P. Hunter, V. Isham, V. Jarlier, R. Jones, I. Phillips, D. Sahm, S. Senn, M. Struelens, D. Taylor, A. White
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2001)
Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Javier Vega-Miranda
Journal: JAMA (2004)

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Small planum temporale volume in Down's syndrome: a volumetric MRI study
Authors: S Frangou, E Aylward, A Warren, T Sharma, P Barta, G Pearlson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Down's syndrome is associated with structural brain abnormalities and language deficits. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the superior temporal gyrus and the planum temporale, both parts of the anatomic substrate for language, are abnormal in Down's syndrome.The authors examined volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of the superior temporal gyrus and the planum temporale for 17 community-dwelling patients with Down's syndrome and 17 matched healthy comparison subjects. For the subjects with Down's syndrome, the correlations of the superior temporal gyrus and planum temporale volumes with performance on tests of language function were examined.The planum temporale volume of the patients with Down's syndrome was smaller than that of the healthy subjects, even after differences in whole brain volume were controlled for. The volume of the superior temporal gyrus in the Down's syndrome patients was proportionally similar to that of the comparison group. For the subjects with Down's syndrome, neither superior temporal gyrus nor planum temporale volume was significantly correlated with performance on language tests after total brain volume was controlled for.In Down's syndrome, planum temporale volume may be selectively smaller than normal, although the effect of this volume deficit on language is not clear.
Prospective follow-up of MRD in childhood B-cell ALL treated according to the Fralle 93 protocol in a single institution.
Authors: C Jacquy, Christiane Vermylen, Béatrice Délépaut, S. Vandaele, Jl. Vaerman, A. Zeenebergh, V. Brichard, Guy Cornu, P. Martiat
Journal: Blood (1996)
Emissions from silicone stent biofilm detected by ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Teppei Inoue, Hiroshi Handa, Masamichi Mineshita, J.I. Baumbach, Teruomi Miyazawa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Stent related biofilm formatiom is one of the encountered problems in interventional pulmonology. Biofilm causes pneumonia and granulations. Breath analysis such as canine scent, electronic nose and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) have been reported to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs).  Objective: We hypothesized that IMS can detect specific VOCs in a patient with biofilm resulting from stent placement.  Methods: The breath sample of 4 patients before and after stent removal were analyzed using IMS coupled to a multi-capillary column (MCC/IMS).  Results: VOCs peaks were characterized using Visual Now 2.2 software. A total of 36 peaks were used to determine Wilcoxon-Rank tests. Box-and Whisker plots was prepared and 12 peaks were identified to contribute to separation power. Five of the 12 peaks have a separation power better than 95%.  Conclusions: IMS was able to evaluate the degree of biofilm resulting from stent placement. From these results, we can consider whether to replace or extract the stent in conjunction with clinical symptoms using IMS.
Urinary excretion of erythropoietin in sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Cristina Estirado, Nuria Grau, Miquel A. Felez, Laia Sanchez Torner, Encarna Guardiola, Antonia Ruiz Cano, Carles Sanjuás, Antoni Pascual, Mauricio Orozco-Levi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:   Synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO) is stimulated by tissue hypoxia. Sleep apnea- hypopnea syndrome (OSA) is characterized by the presence of repeated episodes of hypoxemia.  Aim : The objective of this study is to investigate whether hypoxemia induced by OSA could be a stimulus to increase EPO production.   Methods:   The study was conducted in 24 patients being investigated for OSA. A full polysomnography through a night9s sleep was recorded and analyzed manually according to standard criteria. We determined the EPO levels in samples of first morning urine (sandwich ELISA technique). Serum creatinine, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were additionally determined.  R esults:   Of the 24 patients studied, 18 were diagnosed from OSA (AHI> 10) with the following results (mean ± SD): apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) 30.8 ± 23.1, desaturation index (HDI) 27 ± 16.9, CT90% 5.7 ± 7.8, mean length of nocturnal desaturation 25.7 ± 10.5 sec., average nocturnal SatO2 93.9 ± 1.6. Creatinine was within normal limits for all patients. Hemoglobin and EPO were higher in the OSA group than in the non-OSA group (14.2 ± 1.3 g / dl vs 13.2 ± 0.8) (p   Conclusions:  OSA  patients show increased urinary excretion of EPO and hemoglobin. Changes in EPO concentration are of low magnitude and non-linear. This response could be a protective mechanism against tissue hypoxia caused by OSA.
Abstract 14276: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Form Electrical Coupling with Native Myocardium Contributing to Functional Recovery in Rat Chronic Infarction Model
Authors: Takahiro Higuchi, Shigeru Miyagawa, Satsuki Fukushima, Atsuhiro Saito, Motoko Shiozaki, Kenji Miki, Taichi Sakaguchi, Takayoshi Ueno, Toru Kuratani, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction:  Optimal delivery method of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSc) into the heart has not been established; however, scaffold-free cell-sheet method has been shown to effectively deliver abundant functional cells, whereas functional integrations of implanted cell-sheet into native myocardium are not fully addressed. We here hypothesized that iPSc-derived cardiomyocytes (CM) implanted with cell-sheet method might form electrical coupling with the native myocardium contributing to functional recovery in chronic myocardial infarction.   Methods:  iPSc-CM of mouse origin was generated by culturing embryoid body. The chronic infarction model was generated by occluding the left coronary artery for 2 weeks in immunodeficient rats, which then underwent either implantation of cell-sheet generated by iPSc-CM, neonatal CM, fibroblast or skeletal myoblast over the infarct area, or sham operation (n=10 each) with the effects assessed until 14 days post-treatment.   Results:  Daily electrical mapping of the heart surface using 64-channel multi-electrode probe uncovered that the iPSs-CM and the neonatal-CM treatment induced multiple ectopic excitations, which were not connected to the native myocardial electrical current, over the cell-sheet implanted area until 2 days. Interestingly, from 3 days onwards, ectopic excitations disappeared and magnitude of myocardial electrical current increased following the iPSc-CM or the neonatal-CM treatment, suggesting that electrical stimuli of the native heart were properly transferred into the cell-sheet. Consistently, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and activation recovery interval (ARI) of the iPSc (54%, 68 ms) and the neonatal CM treatment (54%, 71 ms) were significantly improved at 3 days compared to LVEF and ARI following the fibroblast (49%, 92 ms), the myoblast (49%, 89 ms) or the sham (48%, 96 ms). Electron microscopy and immunostaining identified the ultrastructure of the implanted iPSc-CM. Moreover the implanted iPSc-CM showed histological integration via desmosome.   Conclusions:  The iPSc-CM sheets may electrically integrate into the native myocardium in 3 days after implantation and contribute to functional recovery in rat myocardial infarction model.
Abstract 1445: Exchange of C-Terminal Truncated Troponin I into Human Cardiomyocytes Preserves Force Responses to Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation and Increased Preload
Authors: Nadiya A Narolska, Nicky M Boontje, Rene J Musters, Sascha Deppermann, Kornelia Jaquet, Anne M Murphy, Brian D Foster, Jennifer E van Eyk, Jolanda van der Velden, Ger J Stienen
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The specific and selective proteolysis of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) has been proposed to play a key role in human myocardial ischemic disease. In the present study myofilament responsiveness to bet...
Staphylococci in the Newborn
Authors: G. Martyn
Journal: BMJ (1949)

B 3. Haemoglobinuria.-Thisapparently had all the clinical features of haemoglobinuria of exertion (Whitby and Britton, 1946).Its aet-iology is obscure.Regarding the part played by exertion in these cases, all that can be said is that the patients were ambulant the previous day, but not to any great extent.Blood urea remained unraised and urine did not at any time before the onset of haemoglobinuria show evidence of nephritis or necrosing nephrosis due to toxic action of lead, or of haemoglobinurqc ne hrosis following haemoglobinuria.The possibility that it was caused by an acute haemolytic crisis due to lead cannot be ruled out.It appears that the blood was almost completely cleared 9f its oxyhaemoglobin content when a sample was taken for examination, whereas the urine collected at the same time was that which had accumulated in the bladder for at least four hours.Subsequent samples of urine had been markedly and progressively clear.The amount of blood destroyed by haemolysis seems to have been small, as shown by the red-cell counts before and after the haemolysis.The first sample of haemoglobinuric urine had been passed from seven to nine hours before the collection of venous blood.Haemolysis had no doubt taken place earlier than this.During this period the haemoglobin in the blood could have been easily cleared by the kidneys.Hence the apparent similarity to haemoglobinuria of exertion. 4. Erythrocyzosis.-Thisaccompanied the symptoms of acute Parkinsonism very closely.In all probability it was of the same nature as polycythaemia described in encephalitis lethargica and Huntington's chorea by Moehlig and Bates (1933).5. Pallor.-This was not a feature of any of the cases recorded by Cassells and Dodds.Its presence in my two cases was a pointer to its causation by lead. SummaryAcute Parkinsonism, haemoglobinuria, abdominal pain simu- lating appendicitis, erythrocytosis, and pallor are recorded in two petrol-tank cleaners.These symptoms were in addition to the usual effects of exposure to petrol vapour and lead tetra.ethyl.
A day in the life of the meta-organism: diurnal rhythms of the intestinal microbiome and its host
Authors: Christoph A Thaiss, David Zeevi, Maayan Levy, Eran Segal, Eran Elinav
Journal: Gut Microbes (2015)

Life on Earth is dictated by circadian changes in the environment, caused by the planet's rotation around its own axis. All forms of life have evolved clock systems to adapt their physiology to the daily variations in geophysical parameters. The intestinal microbiome serves as a signaling hub in the communication between the host and its environment. We recently discovered that the microbiota undergoes diurnal oscillations in composition and function, and that these oscillations are required for metabolic homeostasis of the host. Here, we highlight these findings from the perspectives of microbial system stability and meta-organismal metabolic health. We also discuss the contribution of nutrition and biotic interventions on diurnal processes of the microbiota and their potential involvement in diseases commonly associated with circadian disruption.
Diagnostic accuracy and linkage analysis: how useful are schizophrenia spectrum phenotypes?
Authors: S V Faraone, W S Kremen, M J Lyons, J R Pepple, L J Seidman, M T Tsuang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

Numerous studies suggest that the nonschizophrenic relatives of schizophrenic patients exhibit psychiatric and other features that discriminate them from normal comparison subjects. These features have been put forth as "spectrum" phenotypes that may be variant manifestations of the schizophrenia genotype. However, most of these studies do not address a key measurement question: does the diagnostic accuracy of these spectrum classifications warrant their use in genetic linkage studies of schizophrenia?The authors reviewed 30 studies of putative indicators of the schizophrenic genotype: schizotypal personality disorder, eye tracking dysfunction, attentional impairment, auditory evoked potentials, neurological signs, neuropsychological impairment, and allusive thinking.Although each of 42 measures of these indicators discriminated the relatives of schizophrenic patients from the normal comparison subjects, a diagnostic accuracy analysis suggested that only six of these would improve the informativeness of genetic linkage data.Many proposed spectrum phenotypes for schizophrenia may not be useful for linkage analysis because of high false positive rates (poor specificity). Future work aimed at describing and developing phenotypes for linkage analysis should assess the diagnostic accuracy of proposed measures.
Letrozole and tamoxifen as <i>safer</i> ovarian stimulants in women undergoing embryo cryopreservation for fertility preservation before breast cancer chemotherapy: A prospective controlled trial
Authors: K. H. Oktay, N. Libertella, E. Buyuk, K. Lostritto, A. Vickers, M. Akar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

539 Background: Chemotherapy results in amenorrhea in up to 80% of breast cancer patients 1. Embryos can be cryopreserved for fertility preservation but safety of standard fertility drugs are questioned in patients with breast cancer. Our aim was to test the efficacy and safety of tamoxifen and letrozole as ovarian stimulants in breast cancer patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) to preserve their fertility via embryo cryopreservation prior to treatment. Methods: 72 (age 24–43) nonmetastatic breast cancer patients were studied prospectively. 36 patients underwent ovarian stimulation with either tamoxifen alone (Tam-IVF) or in combination with folicle stimulating hormone (TamFSH-IVF), or letrozole with FSH (Letrozole-IVF). All embryos were cryopreserved to preserve fertility. Recurrence rates were compared to a prospective control group (N=36). Results: Compared to Tam-IVF, both TamFSH-IVF and Letrozole-IVF patients had greater number of mature oocytes (1.5 ± 0.3 vs. 5.1 ± 1.1 and 8.4 ± 1.2, p<0.001) and embryos (1.3 ± 0.2 vs. 3.8 ± 0.8 and 5.0 ± 0.7, p<0.001) respectively. Letrozole-IVF resulted in the highest number of mature oocytes (P<0.05). Peak estradiol levels were lower with letrozole-IVF and Tam-IVF compared to TamFSH-IVF (p<0.001). After 19.3 ± 1.6 months (4–50 months), 3/36 patients had recurrence in IVF and controls. Using adjuvantonline, IVF patients had slightly worse prognosis at the outset compared to controls. Kaplan Meier analysis showed no increase in the risk of cancer recurrence with IVF (RR 1.25; 95% C.I. 0.25, 6.62). Until now, 5 out of 6 women conceived, 4/5 following tamoxifen and one following letrozole stimulation. Conclusions: Tamoxifen and letrozole, when combined with low dose FSH, appear to be relatively efficient and safe for ovarian stimulation in breast cancer patients who wish to preserve their fertility via embryo cryopreservation. While longer follow up with larger number of patients is needed for the final assessment of the safety profile, letrozole-IVF maybe preferred as it yields highest number of oocytes with lower peak estradiol levels. 1 Hum Reprod Update. 2004; 10:251 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Clinical pharmacology of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor in patients with advanced cancer.
Authors: P B Chapman, T J Lester, E S Casper, J L Gabrilove, G Y Wong, S J Kempin, P J Gold, S Welt, R S Warren, H F Starnes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Twenty-six patients with advanced cancer refractory to standard therapy were treated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) in a study aimed at determining the toxicity and tolerance of rTNF and at seeking evidence of antitumor activity. The study design involved two treatments per week for 4 weeks with alternating subcutaneous and intravenous (IV) administration, and weekly dose escalation through four levels in each patient. The dose range was 1 to 200 micrograms/m2 for IV bolus injection, and 5 to 250 micrograms/m2 for subcutaneous injection. Thirteen patients completed the full course. Early discontinuation of treatment was related to rTNF toxicity in seven cases. The major side effects were rigors, fever, headache, fatigue, and hypotension. Acute changes in granulocyte, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, changes in serum zinc levels and plasma cortisol levels consistent with an acute phase response, and inflammation at the site of subcutaneous injection were also seen. At doses of 125 to 250 micrograms/m2, inflammation at the subcutaneous injection site was unacceptably severe. Minor changes were seen in hemostatic parameters. Hypotension was corrected by fluid administration and did not require treatment with vasopressors. Initial serum concentrations of rTNF were measured at five minutes after IV administration and were found to range from 2.5 ng/mL after a dose of 35 micrograms/m2 to 80 ng/mL after a dose of 200 micrograms/m2. The half-life of rTNF in the blood was 20 minutes. A decrease in lymph node size was observed in a patient with B cell lymphoma.