tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Work disability and health-related quality of life in males and females with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: M Wallenius, J F Skomsvoll, W Koldingsnes, E Rødevand, K Mikkelsen, C Kaufmann, T K Kvien
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To compare health status, demographic variables and work disability (WD) between males and females with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the 18–45 age group, and further to compare health status between those with and without WD for each gender and to identify variables associated with WD. <h3>Methods:</h3> A cross-sectional study was carried out of patients with PsA with peripheral arthritis at the time at which they started disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy (DMARD) and/or biological treatment. Patients receiving a permanent national WD pension corresponding to ⩾50% were defined as work disabled. Gender differences were examined with regard to health status, demographic variables and WD. Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson χ<sup>2</sup> were applied for group comparisons between males and females and work disabled versus not work disabled for each gender. Multiple logistic regression analyses with adjustments for duration of education, disease duration, age, erosive disease, disability score (Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire; MHAQ), the short form-36 (SF-36) mental health score, and gender were used to identify variables associated with WD. <h3>Results:</h3> Out of 271 (102 females) patients, the number (%) of work-disabled females/males was 33 (32.7%)/29 (17.4%) (p = 0.004). Work-disabled patients had generally worse health status than non-work-disabled patients, and these differences were generally more pronounced in males than in females. In the multiple logistic regression model, low educational level, increasing disability score (MHAQ), presence of erosive disease, female gender and disease duration were independently associated with WD. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> WD in patients with PsA below 45 years of age was independently associated with educational level, disability score, erosive disease, female gender and disease duration.
Propensity-Score-Matched Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes Between Open and Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy: A National Series
Authors: Nawar Hanna, Maxine Sun, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Jens Hansen, Marco Bianchi, Francesco Montorsi, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Markus Graefen, Paul Perrotte, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Characterization of CS-045, a new oral antidiabetic agent, II. Effects on glycemic control and pancreatic islet structure at a late stage of the diabetic syndrome in mice
Authors: Toshihiko Fujiwara, Mikiyo Wada, Kuniaki Fukuda, Masaharu Fukami, Shinji Yoshioka, Takao Yoshioka, Hiroyoshi Horikoshi
Journal: Metabolism (1991)
Clinical and Research Impressions Regarding Murder and Sexually Perverse Crimes
Authors: Leisla M. Howell
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

In the histories of murders in which the wife was the victim, the husband was usually a fairly successful man in his forties with no prior arrests. Most frequently, the termination of the marriage had been recognized by institution of divorce proceedings. The therapy prognosis is usually favorable. The victim in rape is not necessarily the victim of the rapist's wrath. One category of rapist attacks any female as a representative of the woman who rejected him. Another category of rapist is a severely inadequate man who is so overwhelmed with threat that he must subdue and frighten the victim in order for him to be able to engage in sexual intercourse. The prognosis for therapy is usually poor. Other information told of studies of pedophiles, personality dynamics of rapists from tests and histories, and the dynamics of violence of rape and murder.
In-hospital Mortality and Failure to Rescue After Cytoreductive Nephrectomy
Authors: Quoc-Dien Trinh, Marco Bianchi, Jens Hansen, Zhe Tian, Firas Abdollah, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Francesco Montorsi, Paul Perrotte, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Maxine Sun
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Value of outpatient follow-up after curative surgery for carcinoma of the large bowel.
Authors: J P Cochrane, J T Williams, R G Faber, W W Slack
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The records were reviewed of 406 patients with carcinoma of the large bowel who had been treated at the Middlesex Hospital during 1958-62. Of these patients, 180 were followed up regularly in this hospital after radical surgery, and from six months to 15 years after operation they were seen 2319 times; 71 developed a recurrent carcinoma but, of these, 41 recurrences (58%) were diagnosed at times other than those of the patients' routine outpatient appointments, although they were being regularly reviewed. Only one patient with recurrence appeared to have been cured by further surgery. For the present, adequate education of patients in the symptoms of early recurrence, with instruction to return if any of these develop, is likely to be more effective than the unsatisfactory and time-consuming routine follow-up still used in many hospitals.
CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY DURING REJECTION AND ENHANCEMENT OF ALLOGENEIC SKIN GRAFTS IN RATS
Authors: Hans-Hartmut Peter, Joseph D. Feldman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) in spleens and lymph nodes of allografted rats was determined by release of (51)Cr from labeled target cells incubated with aggressor lymphoid cells. CMC was first detected in grafted adult rats on day 5, peaked on days 7 and 8, and declined rapidly to background levels by days 9 to 11. In allografted neonates and in cyclophosphamide-treated or neonatally thymectomized adults CMC was a fraction of that observed in normal adult rats. Enhancing antibodies deferred in vivo peak activity of CMC in allografted neonates for 3-4 days, and blocked in vitro the action of aggressor lymphocytes by binding to target cells. Enhancing antibodies had no effect on the cytotoxicity of aggressor cells, but horse antibodies to rat thoracic duct cells inhibited in vitro CMC of aggressor cells.
The Goose, the Gander, and Honeymoon Cystitis
Authors: Anna Marie Olsen
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  I have just read the response 1 given by Dr Carr in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section of the Aug 22/29 issue, and I'm quite annoyed. The question described a 54year-old woman with coitus-related urinary tract infections who was in good health and receiving estrogen replacement therapy. Dr Carr recommended prophylactic nitrofurantoin therapy and  frequent... less vigorous intercourse. I wonder if Dr Carr has ever recommended to a male patient that he have intercourse less often or that he be less vigorous.  This response suggests sexual bias and ignores several practical recommendations for treating a condition often referred to as honeymoon cystitis, such as good perineal hygiene before and after intercourse, voiding after intercourse, and increased fluid intake during the day.  Normal sexual drives and desires exist beyond the reproductive years, and they should not be discouraged.
Immunophenotyping of acute myeloid leukemia by immuno‐alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) labeling with a panel of antibodies
Authors: Frederick R. Davey, Wendy N. Erber, Kevin C. Gatter, David Y. Mason
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract A panel of eight antibodies was used by the alkaline‐phosphatase/anti‐alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method to stain peripheral blood films, bone marrow smears, and cytocentrifuge preparations from 29 cases of acute myeloid leukemia. These findings were correlated with the French‐American‐British (FAB) classification. Leukemic cells from six cases of myeloblastic leukemia (FAB;M1) were predominantly labeled by the antimyeloperoxidase monoclonal antibody (MPO‐7). Leukemic cells from the majority of eight cases of myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (FAB;M2) and progranulocytic leukemia (FAB;M3) stained with monoclonal antibodies MPO‐7, NP57 (anti‐elastase), and EBM11 (antimonocyte/macrophage). Leukemic cells from six cases of myelomonocytic (FAB;M4) and five cases of monocytic (FAB;M5) leukemia were most often labeled with antibodies MPO‐7, NP57, and EBM11 as well as monoclonal antibodies Y1/82A (anti‐monocyte) and KB90 (against the p150, 95 molecule, CD11c; a monocyte/granulocyte marker), but not with monoclonal antibody C17 (antiglycoprotein IIb/IIIa) and/or monoclonal antibody Y2/51 (antiglycoprotein IIIa). Erythroblasts from a single case of erythroleukemia (FAB;M6) were not labeled with any of the antibodies from this panel. Leukemic cells from two cases of acute megakaryocytic leukemia (FAB;M7) stained strongly with the monoclonal antiglycoprotein IIIa/IIb antibody (C17) and antiglycoprotein IIIa antibody (Y2/51). Staining by the APAAP method with this panel of antibodies was easy to perform, required no expensive instrumentation, and provided useful information in the classification of acute myeloid leukemia.
Postpartum haemorrhage after induced and spontaneous labour.
Authors: P R Brinsden, A D Clark
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The labour records of 1000 consecutive deliveries were studied to compare the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage after induced labour with that after spontaneous labour. The discovery of an increased incidence of postpartum haemorrhage in the induced group prompted further analysis of the incidence of haemorrhage among 3674 normal deliveries. This analysis confirmed that the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage was increased after induction of labour; among primiparous patients the increased incidence after induced labours was nearly twice that after spontaneous labours, even when only normal deliveries were considered. These findings indicate that postpartum haemorrhage is another complication of induction that needs to be taken into account when induction is being considered.
Self-aggregated pegylated poly (trimethylene carbonate) nanoparticles decorated with c(RGDyK) peptide for targeted paclitaxel delivery to integrin-rich tumors
Authors: Xinyi Jiang, Xianyi Sha, Hongliang Xin, Liangcen Chen, Xihui Gao, Xiao Wang, Kitki Law, Jijin Gu, Yanzuo Chen, Ye Jiang, Xiaoqing Ren, Qiuyue Ren, Xiaoling Fang
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Prosthetic valve endocarditis.
Authors: J Moore-Gillon, S J Eykyn, I Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1983)

During 1965 to 1982, 32 episodes of infective endocarditis on prosthetic valves in 30 patients were treated at this hospital. In early endocarditis (presenting within four months of operation) staphylococci were the organisms most commonly responsible. Early endocarditis appears to be declining in incidence and is largely preventable; sternal sepsis was the main predisposing factor, requiring urgent and effective treatment. Streptococci were the most common organisms in late onset disease, but as with natural valve endocarditis a wide range or organisms was responsible. All but one of the patients with early onset disease were treated conservatively, but mortality was high; prompt surgical replacement of infected prostheses is probably indicated in such patients. Medical management was effective in most patients with late onset disease, and for them early surgical intervention may not be justified.
Alterations in Numbers of Circulating Platelets Following Surgical Operation and Administration of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Authors: RICHARD WARREN, JAMES LAURIDSEN, JOHN S. BELKO
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The factors influencing alterations in circulating platelets following surgical operations are analyzed. There is probably no bone marrow depression following surgery which might be responsible for the early thrombocytopenia, nor is operative hemorrhage sufficient to do so. Evidence procuredfrom administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone suggests that adrenal hyperactivity, a result of the stress of operation, may play an important part in the early postoperative thrombocytopenia. The later thrombocytosis was, however, not observed following administration of this drug.
Diseases of the Mouth
Authors: Francis P. McCarthy, Philip L. McCarthy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE following study of oral lesions comprises an additional group of patients seen in the past twelve years, combined with a previous report of a clinical and pathological study.1 In presenting this summary of 4728 patients with 5207 lesions we are able to give a more accurate idea of the frequency of oral lesions based on a compilation of both office and clinic cases. It was noted that no marked change has occurred in the incidence of the latter half of the period as compared with the first except for a rapid diminution in the number of cases of primary . . .
HYPERPNEA AS A METHOD OF DIAGNOSIS
Authors: L. E. GRIMBERG
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The study of Rosett 1 on the experimental production of rigidity was undertaken on organic neurologic cases. Some of his patients, in addition to rigidity, also showed phenomena of an affective nature, emotional outbursts and a condition that could be interpreted as an irritation of the thalamus. On account of such emotional outbursts, I undertook to try his method on patients suffering from purely functional conditions.  I selected five patients with an established diagnosis. The cases were classified as hysteria, anxiety neurosis and psychoneurosis. All the patients were women, their ages ranging between 18 and 30. The results obtained are briefly reviewed here.  REPORT OF CASES  Case 1.  —A woman, aged 28, American born, a factory worker, came to the clinic on account of weakness and a slight tremor of the right hand. The history was suggestive of a possible postencephalitic syndrome. The neurologic examination was negative.  After deep, rhythmic
AHSP: a novel hemoglobin helper
Authors: Arthur Bank
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Recently, the small protein α hemoglobin–stabilizing protein (AHSP) was identified and found to specifically bind α-globin, stabilize its structure, and limit the toxic effects of excess α-globin, which are manifest in the inherited blood disorder β thalassemia. In this issue of the JCI, Yu, Weiss, and colleagues show that AHSP is also critical to the formation and stabilization of normal amounts of hemoglobin, even when α-globin is deficient, indicating unique and previously unidentified roles for this molecule (see the related article beginning on page 1856).
First Gene Therapy for Inherited Hypercholesterolemia a Partial Success
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

NEW GENES delivered to her liver have significantly lowered the life-threatening cholesterol levels of a 29-year-old Canadian woman. The woman has severe familial hypercholesterolemia, the rare disease in which the liver lacks the receptor for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and is therefore incapable of clearing the "bad" form of cholesterol from her blood. The researchers who performed the procedure are predicting that a less invasive gene therapy protocol may be a viable approach to the milder form of the disease if further trials continue to demonstrate safety and efficacy. The milder form affects one in 500 people, placing them at high risk for heart attacks in their 40s and 50s. People with other enzymatic and metabolic disorders may also make good candidates for this new treatment approach, particularly lipid storage diseases and disorders in which the body lacks the enzymes that break down sugars into usable forms. <h3>Repairing the Cell, Ex</h3>
OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE SYMPTOMATIC AORTIC STENOSIS SCREENED FOR TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION AND TREATED WITH SURGICAL AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Itsik Ben-Dor, Michael A. Gaglia, Gabriel Maluenda, Michael Mahmoudi, Gabriel Sardi, Kohei Wakabayashi, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Rafael Romaguera, Ana Laynez-Carnicero, Rebecca Torguson, Petros Okubagzi, William O. Suddath, Joseph Lindsay, Lowell F. Satler, Augusto D. Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
IL-32: An Emerging Player in the Immune Response Network against Tuberculosis?
Authors: Manikuntala Kundu, Joyoti Basu
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Interleukin-32 (IL-32), which was previously called natural killer cell transcript 4, has recently been recognized as a proinflammatory cytokine (see Glossary) [1]. The main sources of IL-32 are natural killer cells, T cells, epithelial cells, and blood monocytes. Four transcripts of IL-32 are known at present. IL-32 has emerged as an important player in innate and adaptive immune responses, and information is emerging on synergism between IL-32 and other well-characterized players in innate immunity.

The innate immune response depends on the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by families of pathogen recognition receptors. The best characterized among these are the Toll-like receptor (TLR) [2] and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) [3] families of proteins. Recent studies have shown that IL-32 synergizes with NOD1 and NOD2 ligands to stimulate IL-1s and IL-6 release in a caspase-1-dependent manner [4]. These findings are of potential clinical importance in settings where NOD2 plays a protective role, such as in Crohn's disease, where NOD2-dependent production of defensins and cytokines contributes to antimicrobial defense in the gut. These findings are also likely to be of significance in tuberculosis. Individuals homozygous for the 3020ins C NOD2 mutation show a defective cytokine response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis [5]. It is in this context that the study reported by Netea et al. in PLoS Medicine, in which the authors explored the regulation of IL-32 production by primary cells of the immune system, is of potential importance [6].
Khat Abuse Fuels Somali Conflict, Drains Economy
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

AN AMPHETAMINE-LIKE compound commonly used in East African societies for hundreds if not thousands of years is stoking the flames of Somalia's civil conflict, draining that nation's economy and, until recently, thwarting international relief efforts in the region. Somalis commonly chew the leaves of the khat shrub for its stimulating effects. Khat's active component, cathinone, closely resembles ephedrine and amphetamine in chemical structure (see figure). Its users report euphoria and increased alertness, although their concentration and judgment are objectively impaired (<i>Psychol Med</i>. 1989;19:657-668). Chewing khat is as socially acceptable in Somali culture as is drinking espresso in Western culture. Both men and women chew khat in congenial social gatherings in which family and guests discuss topics of interest or listen to poetry or music. Somali homes often include rooms called<i>muffraj</i>, designed specifically for these gatherings. Khat chewers normally chew 100 to 200 g of leaves and stems over 3
Specific Clinical Competencies for Managing Care
Authors: Michael J. Yedidia, Colleen C. Gillespie, Gordon T. Moore
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextAlthough medical educators recognize the need to prepare physicians to work effectively in managed care environments, managed care is often perceived negatively by academic physicians. Curricular reform has been hampered by a failure to seek agreement about specific clinical competencies that are important to both managed care directors and medical educators.ObjectivesTo identify specific clinical competencies in the managed care setting and to assess agreement between residency directors and managed care medical directors on the importance of these competencies.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsSurveys (1998-1999) of a national sample of 59 residency directors involved in managed care training programs (response rate, 94%); a sample of 186 residents in these programs and 258 matched control residents (response rate, 77%); and national samples of 147 managed care organization (MCO) medical directors (response rate, 67%) and 140 primary care residency program directors in areas of high MCO penetration (response rate, 73%).Main Outcome MeasuresSpecific clinical managed care tasks as defined by residency directors; self-reported confidence in performing these tasks by sample residents vs control residents; and importance of these tasks as rated by MCO medical directors and residency program directors.ResultsTwenty-six specific clinical managed care tasks were identified by the residency directors. Residents who participated in managed care training were significantly more confident than their counterparts in performing 20 of the 26 tasks (P<.01 for all). Residency directors and MCO medical directors viewed 65% of these tasks as important to patient care during the next 5 years. Of the 10 tasks most highly rated by residency directors and MCO medical directors, 9 were the same, addressing time management, ethics, case management, practice guidelines, cost-effective clinical decision making, referral management, disease management, patient satisfaction, and clinical epidemiology.ConclusionsOur data indicate that residency directors and managed care medical directors value mastery of many of the same specific clinical competencies in managed care. Previously documented negative attitudes toward managed care among academic physicians may obscure an underlying concordance about the skills essential to managing the health of populations.
Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Nicola T. Lautenschlager, Kay L. Cox, Leon Flicker, Jonathan K. Foster, Frank M. van Bockxmeer, Jianguo Xiao, Kathryn R. Greenop, Osvaldo P. Almeida
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Many observational studies have shown that physical activity reduces the risk of cognitive decline; however, evidence from randomized trials is lacking.To determine whether physical activity reduces the rate of cognitive decline among older adults at risk.Randomized controlled trial of a 24-week physical activity intervention conducted between 2004 and 2007 in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. Assessors of cognitive function were blinded to group membership.We recruited volunteers who reported memory problems but did not meet criteria for dementia. Three hundred eleven individuals aged 50 years or older were screened for eligibility, 89 were not eligible, and 52 refused to participate. A total of 170 participants were randomized and 138 participants completed the 18-month assessment.Participants were randomly allocated to an education and usual care group or to a 24-week home-based program of physical activity.Change in Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) scores (possible range, 0-70) over 18 months.In an intent-to-treat analysis, participants in the intervention group improved 0.26 points (95% confidence interval, -0.89 to 0.54) and those in the usual care group deteriorated 1.04 points (95% confidence interval, 0.32 to 1.82) on the ADAS-Cog at the end of the intervention. The absolute difference of the outcome measure between the intervention and control groups was -1.3 points (95% confidence interval,-2.38 to -0.22) at the end of the intervention. At 18 months, participants in the intervention group improved 0.73 points (95% confidence interval, -1.27 to 0.03) on the ADAS-Cog, and those in the usual care group improved 0.04 points (95% confidence interval, -0.46 to 0.88). Word list delayed recall and Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes improved modestly as well, whereas word list total immediate recall, digit symbol coding, verbal fluency, Beck depression score, and Medical Outcomes 36-Item Short-Form physical and mental component summaries did not change significantly.In this study of adults with subjective memory impairment, a 6-month program of physical activity provided a modest improvement in cognition over an 18-month follow-up period.anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12605000136606.