tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Profiling the Essential Nature of Lipid Metabolism in Asexual Blood and Gametocyte Stages of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Sonia Gulati, Eric H. Ekland, Kelly V. Ruggles, Robin B. Chan, Bamini Jayabalasingham, Bowen Zhou, Pierre-Yves Mantel, Marcus C.S. Lee, Natasha Spottiswoode, Olivia Coburn-Flynn, Daisy Hjelmqvist, Tilla S. Worgall, Matthias Marti, Gilbert Di Paolo, David A. Fidock
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2015)
Role of pneumococcus urinary antigen testing in the clinical presentation and outcome of pneumococcal bacteraemic community acquired pneumonia
Authors: Luis Alberto Ruiz, Maria Alfonso, Ainhoa Gomez, Sandra Pedrero, Nuria Marina, Marta Inchausti, Iratxe Seijas, Carmen Jaca, Rafael Zalacain
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim:  To describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of a group of patients diagnosed with pneumococcal bacteraemic community acquired pneumonia (PBCAP) depending on the results of pneumococcus urinary antigen testing (PUAT).   Methods:  We have studied all patients admitted to the Respiratory Service and/or ICU of our hospital for 10 years. Patients have been divided into two groups according to the results of PUAT (BINAX®). Exclusion criteria included (1)acquired immune deficiency syndrome, other inmunodeficiencies or under immunosupresive treatment; (2) health care associated pneumonia.   Results:  We have studied 250 patients, 233 out of them underwent UPADT.   Conclusions:  1. PUAT positivity was associated with an early antibiotic prescription at the emergency department at admission. 2. Patients with positive PUAT were more frequently admitted to ICU. They also had a higher mean hospital stay but there were no signifficant differences regarding severity according to PSI and CURB score. 3. Patients under negative PUADT had a lower but no significant mortality rate.
Treatment of squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil.
Authors: P C Amrein, S A Weitzman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Seventy patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with a 24-hour infusion of cisplatin, followed by a 5-day continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Among 31 patients without prior treatment, stage III (six patients) and IV (25 patients), there were seven complete responses (CRs) and 19 partial responses (PRs) for an overall response rate of 84%. In the group of 30 patients with recurrent disease after surgery and/or radiotherapy, there were five CRs and ten PRs (total response rate of 50%). Among nine patients who failed prior chemotherapy, there were two CRs and one PR. Performance status and stage had minor effects on response frequency. The projected survival in the no prior treatment group was 59% at 22 months while the median survival of the recurrent cancer group was nine months. Compared to our previous study using cisplatin-vincristine-bleomycin (COB) chemotherapy, our present regimen has a higher CR rate (P less than .008). Durations of response and survival in the present study appear to be longer in the unresectable group and the recurrent cancer group. Toxicity was generally mild. The use of dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, droperidol, and perphenazine as antiemetics prophylactically resulted in 28% of treatment cycles associated with vomiting. This compares favorably with our previous 79% incidence of vomiting. This regimen appears to be more effective than our previous regimen and can be given with less toxicity.
Evolutionary correlation between control region sequence and restriction polymorphisms in the mitochondrial genome of a large Senegalese Mandenka sample.
Authors: L Graven, G Passarino, O Semino, P Boursot, S Santachiara-Benerecetti, A Langaney, L Excoffier
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1995)

We present here the first comparative analysis at the population level between Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and control region sequence polymorphism in a large and homogeneous Senegalese Mandenka sample. Eleven RFLP haplotypes and 60 different sequences are found in 119 individuals, revealing that a very high level of mtDNA diversity can be maintained in a small population. A sequence neighbor-joining tree and an analysis of molecular variance show that sequences associated with a given restriction haplotype are evolutionarily highly correlated: sequencing generally leads to the subtyping of RFLP haplotypes. Evolutionary relationships among RFLP haplotypes inferred from restriction site differences are in good agreement with those inferred from sequence data. A single difference is observed and is likely due to a single restriction homoplasy having occurred in the control region. Selective neutrality tests on both RFLP and sequence data accept the hypotheses of mtDNA neutrality and population equilibrium. The deep coalescence times (exceeding 50,000 yr) of sequences associated with the two most frequent restriction haplotypes confirm that the Niokolo Mandenka population has not passed through a recent bottleneck and that gene flow is maintained among West African populations despite ethnic differences.
Lung function changes following Legionnaires' disease
Authors: J Gea, R Rodriguez-Roisin, A Torres, J Roca, A Agusti-Vidal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

Eleven out of thirteen patients hospitalized because of severe pneumonia caused by Legionella Pneumophila were evaluated over a period of 53 months. During the acute phase, all but one patient manifested severe hypoxaemia, needing either supplementary oxygen or, in the case of three, mechanical ventilation and one died. Following recovery, two patients complained of mild shortness of breath alone. However, most of the individuals showed subclinical mild to moderate ventilatory and/or gas exchange abnormalities a few months after discharge (less than 6 months). Despite the fact that some of these functional findings in part persisted at long-term (6-33 months), a significant overall improvement in lung function was noticed. The main pulmonary functional sequelae following Legionnaires' Disease might include a restrictive ventilatory defect, a low transfer factor and hypoxaemia.
Misinformation about caesarean sections
Authors: P. T.-Y. Ayuk
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The caesarean section rate remains an issue for polarised debate. If Blustein and Liu are right,1 women are choosing to give birth by a more risky route. However, this debate usually comes with a fair dose of misinformation and opinion. These authors do not disappoint.

Firstly, women with a previous caesarean do not have to decide between a caesarean …
Itch: challenges for clinicians and investigators
Authors: M.-M. Chren
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

ORIGINAL ARTICLE, p 1541 Itch is the most frequent symptom for dermatology patients, and dermatologists instinctively understand the importance of focusing both on relieving the symptom and searching for a cause. The problem, of course, is that our therapeutic options are limited: the pathophysiology and treatment of itch are complex and poorly understood, in part because the prevalence and burden of the symptom are not appreciated, and because of challenges for itch research. In this issue of the BJD a study by Niklasson et al.1 highlights the importance of itch in patients with systemic nondermatological conditions. In a cross‐sectional survey of 85 persons with heart failure, they found that 40% reported itch in the last 3 months, and many patients described their itch as disturbing. Besides alerting us to the prevalence of itch in these patients, what are the take‐home messages from these results for clinicians and researchers? A first challenge that faced these investigators is terminology. As much as possible we should use common terminology and definitions to describe patients with itch. In a seminal work, the International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI, http://www.itchforum.net/) and other individual investigators have developed a consensus about the classification of itch. Itch can be acute or chronic (lasting 6 or more weeks), and is typically classified based on the presence of primary skin lesions;2 a practical grouping is to distinguish between itch with rash (e.g. atopic dermatitis) and itch without rash (e.g. from cholestasis).
Physical activity and moderate exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Alfonso María, Herrero Sonia, Iridoy Amaia, López Vanesa, Hernandez María, Antón Milagros, Hueto Javier, Cebollero Pilar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) who perform regularly physical activity (PA) have a lower risk of hospital admissions and mortality due to COPD. But the relation between PA and number of moderate exacerbations (ME) is unclear.  The aim of this study is to analize the association between PA and number of ME.  ME has been defined as an exacerbation which required only, antibiotic and/or orally corticosteroids.   Methods:  21 male patients with estable COPD (FEV1 56±12) have been included. After 12 months, they were asked to report the number of ME they had experienced. None of all had been admitted to hospital due to COPD exacerbation. At this time, physical activity has been measured for 1 week with Actigraph® accelerometer. We compare patients with no ME (no exacerbated group) with patients with one or more ME (exacerbated group)  .   Conclusions:  1. Patients with more number of ME have less PA than patients with no exacerbations in spite of same age and pulmonary function. 2. There are no differences about symptoms in both groups. 3. Encourage to practice regularly exercise in COPD could prevent ME.
Diffuse Large-Cell Lymphoma of the Testis
Authors: Carlo Tondini, Andrés J.M. Ferreri, Licia Siracusano, Pinuccia Valagussa, Roberto Giardini, Irene Rampinelli, Gianni Bonadonna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

To evaluate clinical outcome of patients with testicular diffuse large-cell lymphoma treated with conventional-dose systemic chemotherapy.This study is a retrospective analysis of adult patients with testicular diffuse large-cell lymphoma who were treated with a doxorubicin-based chemotherapy regimen at our institution, the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. Twenty-nine assessable patients, with a median age of 61 years, were identified. Sixteen patients had limited stage (Ann Arbor stage I/II) disease, whereas 13 patients had a testicular mass and distant organ involvement (Ann Arbor stage IV). Patients were retrospectively classified according to the International Prognostic Index.After a median follow-up of 82 months, 22 patients presented disease progression and 22 patients had died. Actuarial median time to treatment failure and overall survival were 44 and 41 months for patients with limited stage and 9 and 16 months for patients with advanced stage, respectively. Eight patients failed initial treatment, and 14 patients relapsed from clinical remission after a median disease-free time of 17 months (range, 6 to 98 months). Median survival time after progression of lymphoma was 5 months (range, 0 to 22 months). In nine (41%) of the 22 failing patients, the initial site of relapse was either the CNS or the contralateral testis; the remaining patients experienced relapse in multiple extranodal sites.Poor prognosis of patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma calls for more effective treatment strategies, such as high-dose chemotherapy programs for younger patients or specifically designed chemotherapy regimens for patients not suitable for high-dose treatment, with the purpose to provide control of both systemic disease and disease of the CNS and contralateral testis. The potential benefit of contralateral testicular irradiation has to be taken into account in the treatment planning.
Attending, intending, and the importance of task settings
Authors: Jason Ivanoff, Raymond Klein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Hommel et al. emphasize that the Theory of Event Coding (TEC)'s utility is not its ability to be a new theory of cognition, but its ability to engender new thinking about new and old problems. In this commentary we use the TEC to re-examine a long-standing discrepancy in the attention literature.
Mass casualties and triage at a sporting event
Authors: J S Delaney, R Drummond
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

When a sports medicine doctor provides coverage for a sporting event with a large number of athletes and spectators, he or she should always be aware that the potential for a large number of injuries exists. In the event of a mass casualty incident that overwhelms the available medical resources, he or she may be the most qualified professional present to triage and organise patient care. Certain basic rules of triage in a disaster situation should be followed, the goal being to save as many lives as possible. Special circumstances, such as crush injuries, lightning strikes, and blast injuries, may affect the triage and initial care of injured patients.
HER-2/neu and p53 Expression Versus Tamoxifen Resistance in Estrogen Receptor–Positive, Node-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Donald A. Berry, Hyman B. Muss, Ann D. Thor, Lynn Dressler, Edison T. Liu, Gloria Broadwater, Dan R. Budman, I. Craig Henderson, Maurice Barcos, Daniel Hayes, Larry Norton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: An association between the overexpression of proto-oncogene HER-2/neu and resistance to tamoxifen in estrogen receptor (ER)–positive primary and metastatic breast cancer has been suggested. We examine a possible interaction between HER-2/neu or p53 expression and tamoxifen effectiveness in patients with ER-positive, node-positive disease treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil in a large adjuvant chemotherapy trial (Cancer and Leukemia Group B [CALGB] 8541). Tamoxifen assignment was not randomized—physician discretion was used for premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Trial protocol then specified assignment to postmenopausal women with ER-positive tumors, although not all took tamoxifen. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CALGB 8541 assessed HER-2/neu expression in patients with ER-positive disease by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and amplification by differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IHC assessed expression of p53. Univariate and multivariate proportional hazards models assessed tamoxifen–HER-2/neu status interactions and tamoxifen-p53 status interactions. RESULTS: HER-2/neu status was available for 651 patients with ER-positive disease; 650, 608, and 353 patients were assessed by IHC, PCR, and FISH, respectively. Approximately one half received tamoxifen. Reduction in risk of disease recurrence or death resulting from tamoxifen was approximately 37% (32% with overexpression and 39% with normal expression of HER-2/neu; n = 155 by IHC). The tamoxifen–HER-2/neu status interaction was not significant in multivariate analysis of all three HER-2/neu assessment methods. Tamoxifen-p53 interaction did not significantly predict outcome. CONCLUSION: Disease-free and overall survival benefit of tamoxifen in patients with ER-positive, node-positive breast cancer does not depend on HER-2/neu or p53 status. Our data suggest that neither HER-2/neu nor p53 expression should be used to determine assignment of tamoxifen.
Effect of Allowing Choice of Diet on Weight Loss
Authors: William S. Yancy, Stephanie B. Mayer, Cynthia J. Coffman, Valerie A. Smith, Ronette L. Kolotkin, Paula J. Geiselman, Megan A. McVay, Eugene Z. Oddone, Corrine I. Voils
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Choosing a diet rather than being prescribed one could improve weight loss.
Chemoimmunotherapy of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc) with Imprime Pgg (Ipgg) in Combination with Cetuximab, Carboplatin and Paclitaxel–Analysis of Secondary Endpoints of a Multicenter, Randomized Phase 2 Trial
Authors: F. Schneller, M. Thomas, P. Sadjadian, J. Kollmeier, N. Bose, M.L. Patchen, J. Lowe, P. Mattson, M. Gargano, R.D. Huhn, A. Braun
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Predictors of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Raquel Dacal Quintas, Manuel Tumbeiro Novoa, María Teresa Alves Pérez, María Gabriela Cortez Montero, Mari Luz Santalla Martínez, Pedro Marcos Velázquez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a well-known factor of cardiovascular disease and it is also related with metabolic syndrome (MS). Some factors are predictors of OSAS and also of MS.   Objective:  We wanted to know if OSAS and MS had some factors that can predict both diseases. We also wanted to know the prevalence of the individual components of MS and MS as a entity in patients with suspected OSAS.   Patients and methods:  We studied all the patients that were referred to our sleep laboratory from January to December 2009. The patients underwent polysomnography and respiratory polygraphy. OSAS was diagnosed when apnea hipopnea index (AHI) was > 5. MS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.   Results:  We studied 486 patients; 73,9% were men, with a mean age of 57,3±13,5 years and a body mass index (BMI) 32,1±6,5 kg/m 2 . 66,9% of patients were diagnosed of moderate-severe OSAS. Mean AHI was 30,2±23,8. 93,8% of subjects had enough data to study MS. The prevalence of MS was 64,7%. Hypertension and hyperglycemia increased with the severity of MS (p   Conclusions:   Central obesity, measured as waist circumference, and age are predictors of both, OSAS and MS.  MS is more frequent in OSAS patients and its prevalence increases with OSAS severity.  Hypertension and hyperglycemia are related with OSAS severity.
Vascular remodeling underlies rebleeding in hemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Vikas Bhat, Merissa Olmer, Shweta Joshi, Donald L. Durden, Thomas J. Cramer, Richard FW Barnes, Scott T. Ball, Tudor H. Hughes, Mauricio Silva, James V. Luck, Randy E. Moore, Laurent O. Mosnier, Annette von Drygalski
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Hemophilic arthropathy is a debilitating condition that can develop as a consequence of frequent joint bleeding despite adequate clotting factor replacement. The mechanisms leading to repeated spontaneous bleeding are unknown. We investigated synovial, vascular, stromal, and cartilage changes in response to a single induced hemarthrosis in the FVIII-deficient mouse. We found soft-tissue hyperproliferation with marked induction of neoangiogenesis and evolving abnormal vascular architecture. While soft-tissue changes were rapidly reversible, abnormal vascularity persisted for months and, surprisingly, was also seen in uninjured joints. Vascular changes in FVIII-deficient mice involved pronounced remodeling with expression of α-Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA), Endoglin (CD105), and vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as alterations of joint perfusion as determined by in vivo imaging. Vascular architecture changes and pronounced expression of α-SMA appeared unique to hemophilia, as these were not found in joint tissue obtained from mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and from patients with the same conditions. Evidence that vascular changes in hemophilia were significantly associated with bleeding and joint deterioration was obtained prospectively by dynamic in vivo imaging with musculoskeletal ultrasound and power Doppler of 156 joints (elbows, knees, and ankles) in a cohort of 26 patients with hemophilia at baseline and during painful episodes. These observations support the hypothesis that vascular remodeling contributes significantly to bleed propagation and development of hemophilic arthropathy. Based on these findings, the development of molecular targets for angiogenesis inhibition may be considered in this disease.
High-level quinolone resistance is associated with the overexpression of smeVWX in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates
Authors: G. García-León, C. Ruiz de Alegría Puig, C. García de la Fuente, L. Martínez-Martínez, J.L. Martínez, M.B. Sánchez
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Zoledronic acid (ZOL) treatment (Rx) of ≥2 years in patients (pts) with metastatic bone disease (MBD) or multiple myeloma (MM): Six-month results from the LOTUZ study
Authors: L. Duck, M. Delforge, C. Doyan, H. Wildiers, K. MacDonald, I. Lechat, I. Abraham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

9630 Background: The bisphosphonate (BP) ZOL is frequently used to prevent skeletal-related events (SRE) in cancer pts. However, data are limited on its use beyond 2 years. LOTUZ is among the first studies to examine Rx and outcomes in pts with ZOL Rx for &gt;2y. We report 6-month results. Methods: Prospective (18m), multicenter (50), pharmacoepidemiologic study. Baseline (0m) and 6m data available on 205 pts (of 298 enrolled), all free from osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) at 0m. Prior to ZOL Rx, 27.8% had non-ZOL BP Rx. Mean pre-enrollment BP duration was 42 mo (23–145) with 38 mo (23–80) for ZOL. Results: Mean age: 64 y (38–88); M/F: 29/71%; 67.8% with MBD vs 32.2% MM. 89.3% continued ZOL RX 0–6m; 90% with dose 4mg. From 0–6m, 10 pts (4.8%) developed ONJ (4 with MM, 6 with MBD): 5 mild, 3 moderate, 2 severe (median BP duration: 38.4, 46.5, and 34.8 months, respectively). Five pts with ONJ continued on ZOL RX 0–6m (3 mild, 2 moderate). 4/10 pts with ONJ had baseline dental conditions or procedures, 8/10 at 6m (only 1/10 at neither). SREs and pain levels remained constant 0–6m compared to 6m prior to baseline (see Table ). Conclusions: Beyond 2y, 90% of pts were continued on ZOL. SREs did not increase, but ONJ was diagnosed in 10/205 pts 0–6m, of which 5 were on ZOL RX beyond 24m. Long-term data are needed to better understand the risk/benefit of long-term ZOL Rx. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Rhinovirus-induced Airway Inflammation in Asthma
Authors: KATRIEN GRÜNBERG, RAPHAËL F. SHARON, JACOB K. SONT, JOHANNES C. C. M. IN'T VEEN, W. ANNEMARIE A. M. VAN SCHADEWIJK, ERIK P. A. DE KLERK, CLAIRE R. DICK, J. HAN J. M. VAN KRIEKEN, PETER J. STERK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Asthma exacerbations are frequently linked to rhinovirus infections. However, the associated inflammatory pathways are poorly understood, and treatment of exacerbations is often unsatisfactory. In the present study we investigated whether antiinflammatory treatment with inhaled corticosteroids prevents any rhinovirus-induced worsening of lower airway inflammation. To that end, we selected 25 atopic patients with mild asthma who underwent experimental rhinovirus 16 (RV16) infection, while receiving double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment with the inhaled corticosteroid budesonide (800 μ g twice a day) throughout the study period, starting 2 wk before infection. We assessed inflammatory cell numbers in the bronchial mucosa as obtained by bronchial biopsies 2 d before and 6 d after RV16 infection, and analyzed those in relation to cold symptoms, changes in blood leukocyte counts, airway obstruction, and airway hyperresponsiveness. RV16 colds induced an increase in CD3+ cells in the lamina propria (p = 0.03) and tended to decrease the numbers of epithelial eosinophils (p = 0.06) in both groups analyzed as a whole. The T cell accumulation was positively associated with cold symptoms. Budesonide pretreatment improved airway hyperresponsiveness (p = 0.02) and eosinophilic airways inflammation (p = 0.04). Yet it did not significantly affect the RV16-associated changes in the numbers of any of the inflammatory cell types. We conclude that RV16 infection by itself induces only subtle worsening of airway inflammation in asthma, which is not improved (or worsened) by inhaled corticosteroids. The latter finding is in keeping with the limited protection of inhaled corticosteroids against acute asthma exacerbations.