tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temporal Arteritis Manifested as an Acute Febrile Pericarditis
Authors: J. L. Dupond
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the letter by Balcells-Gorina et al (1981;246:1659) about a case of periarteritis nodosa manifested as polyserositis. In this letter, we attempt to demonstrate that serositis can be observed in other forms of inflammatory angiitis, such as temporal arteritis. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 66-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital after a three-week illness, which consisted of a temperature reaching 39 °C, weight loss, and thoracic pain. A pericardial rub was noted. There was no history of viral or bacterial infection in the upper respiratory tract. The patient complained of neither arthralgia nor diffuse muscular stiffness of the shoulders and pelvic girdle. The skin was normal. No sign of Raynaud's phenomenon was noted. The liver and the spleen were of normal size. There was no pain in the temporal arteries, and palpation was normal. The chest x-ray film revealed a mild cardiomegaly. The
Localized pulmonary Wegener's granuloma simulating lung cancer: report of four cases.
Authors: J B Blennerhassett, J Borrie, I Lichter, A J Taylor
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Clinical features suggesting lung disease in three patients and a chance chest radiograph in the fourth led to films showing localized lung lesions with some characteristics of neoplasms. Two were heavy smokers, two were non-smokers. In two the lesion was peripheral, in one lobar (RUL), and in the fourth it crossed the interlobar fissure (apical and posterior segments LUL and apical LLL). Malignant cells were not seen on sputum cytology examination in any, but in one, atypical cells were reported. All four patients had lung resection for suspected cancer, two by pneumonectomy, one by lobectomy, and one lingulectomy. All patients recovered, and their clinical course has so far been uniformly benign. Two have been followed long term (16 and 10 years), one 2 1/2 years, and one a year. Pathologically, the lesions appeared to be strictly limited without extra-pulmonary involvement, except that the patient followed for one year has developed hyporegenerative anaemia responsive to prednisone therapy. The pathological features of focal necrosis, granulomatous inflammation, and vasculitis were sufficiently striking, although often focal, to suggest that incisional biopsy from frozen-section histological diagnosis could be useful to prevent extensive lung resection for lesions not positively diagnosed before thoracotomy.
Charity campaigns for drug companies to pool patents for newer HIV drugs
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The international medical aid organisation Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) is calling on nine of the world’s largest drug companies to pool their patents on newer HIV drugs and to make them available in developing countries.

The campaign is inviting the companies, which include Abbott Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline, and Pfizer, to place the patents for a list of HIV drugs into a patent pool recently set up by Unitaid, an international agency that partners with organisations including the World Health Organization and UNAIDS to purchase drugs for developing countries.

The concept of a patent pool is that it brings together several patents held by different companies and makes them available to others for production or further development. MSF describes the idea as a “one stop shop” for patents, …
Oral Contraceptives and Thromboembolism
Authors: Louis E. Moses
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the debate which has arisen over the report by Vessey and Doll<sup>1</sup>, initiated by Drill and Calhoun<sup>2</sup>and followed by the series ofLetters to Editor<sup>3</sup>from both groups, as well as Frederiksen and Seltzer, it appears that all are skirmishing about in a morass of statistical manipulations of epidemiological procedures without closely scrutinizing the sources of the data used in the study itself. Case selection—and exclusions—must be held both basic and primary, preceding all other considerations. Vessey and Doll<sup>1</sup>searched out all cases of "phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, thrombosis, or embolism in any vein except the cerebral, coronary, hepatic, and mesenteric veins; pulmonary embolism or infarction" as diagnosed in females aged 16 through 40 years at 19 general hospitals of a given area in England during the years 1964 to 1966. They found 399 such patients, but then excluded fully 85% (338) of
Dust Mites.
Authors: R. Ronald de A. Cardoso, Calogeras A. A. Barbosa, J. J. Nascimento
Journal: Allergy (1979)

Mattress dust was collected by out‐patients attending hospital for respiratory allergic problems. The dust mites were counted in “pool” samples of 100 mg. Each sample represented a single month's collection. The mites were classified according to Family: Pyroglyphidae and Cheyletidae, Those not belonging to either of these two families were classified as “other miles”. Temperature and humidity during the period of the study showed no correlations with the number of mites. There was a statistically significant correlation between the various mite groups.
Macular Carotenoid Levels of Normal Subjects and Age-Related Maculopathy Patients in a Japanese Population
Authors: Akira Obana, Tadahisa Hiramitsu, Yuko Gohto, Akihiro Ohira, Satoshi Mizuno, Toru Hirano, Paul S. Bernstein, Hisako Fujii, Ken Iseki, Masaki Tanito, Yoshihiro Hotta
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
Biochemical Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Jacques W. M. Lenders, Karel Pacak, McClellan M. Walther, W. Marston Linehan, Massimo Mannelli, Peter Friberg, Harry R. Keiser, David S. Goldstein, Graeme Eisenhofer
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextDiagnosis of pheochromocytoma depends on biochemical evidence of catecholamine production by the tumor. However, the best test to establish the diagnosis has not been determined.ObjectiveTo determine the biochemical test or combination of tests that provides the best method for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsMulticenter cohort study of patients tested for pheochromocytoma at 4 referral centers between 1994 and 2001. The analysis included 214 patients in whom the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was confirmed and 644 patients who were determined to not have the tumor.Main Outcome MeasuresTest sensitivity and specificity, receiver operating characteristic curves, and positive and negative predictive values at different pretest prevalences using plasma free metanephrines, plasma catecholamines, urinary catecholamines, urinary total and fractionated metanephrines, and urinary vanillylmandelic acid.ResultsSensitivities of plasma free metanephrines (99% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 96%-100%]) and urinary fractionated metanephrines (97% [95% CI, 92%-99%]) were higher than those for plasma catecholamines (84% [95% CI, 78%-89%]), urinary catecholamines (86% [95% CI, 80%-91%]), urinary total metanephrines (77% [95% CI, 68%-85%]), and urinary vanillylmandelic acid (64% [95% CI, 55%-71%]). Specificity was highest for urinary vanillylmandelic acid (95% [95% CI, 93%-97%]) and urinary total metanephrines (93% [95% CI, 89%-97%]); intermediate for plasma free metanephrines (89% [95% CI, 87%-92%]), urinary catecholamines (88% [95% CI, 85%-91%]), and plasma catecholamines (81% [95% CI, 78%-84%]); and lowest for urinary fractionated metanephrines (69% [95% CI, 64%-72%]). Sensitivity and specificity values at different upper reference limits were highest for plasma free metanephrines using receiver operating characteristic curves. Combining different tests did not improve the diagnostic yield beyond that of a single test of plasma free metanephrines.ConclusionPlasma free metanephrines provide the best test for excluding or confirming pheochromocytoma and should be the test of first choice for diagnosis of the tumor.
The effect of complement depletion on lung clearance of bacteria.
Authors: G N Gross, S R Rehm, A K Pierce
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

We have investigated the effect of hypocomplementemia on early pulmonary clearance of four species of bacteria. The experiments were performed in an inbred animal model to minimize immunologic variability. Complement was depleted by cobra venom factor, and activity in serum was monitored with a phagocytic assay. Bacterial specific antibodies were examined by an indirect radioimmunoassay, and animals with high levels of activity were excluded from anaysis. 4 h after aerosolization with Streptococcus pneumoniae, complement-depleted animals had cleared only 75% of the initial number of organisms, whereas saline-treated controls cleared 91% (P less than 0.01). Aerosolization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was followed at 4 h by a twofold greater growth of organisms in the complement-depleted animals (446% of original deposition) as compared to the saline-treated controls (211% of original deposition) (P less than 0.02). Clearance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were similar in complement-depleted animals and saline-treated controls. These experiments suggest that hypocomplementemia predisposes to bacterial pneumonia and may explain the high incidence of pulmonary infections in patients having impaired complement activity. Our results further indicate that varying defense mechanisms may be involved with clearing the lung of differing bacterial species.
Hepato-erythropoietic porphyria presenting as scleroderma and acrosclerosis in a sibling pair
Authors: N. SIMON, GY. BERKO, I. SCHNEIDER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Hepato‐erythropoietic porphyria presenting as scleroderma and acrosclerosis in a sibling pair Get access N. SIMON, N. SIMON Department of Dermatology and Sexual Pathology, University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GY. BERKÓ, GY. BERKÓ Department of Dermatology and Sexual Pathology, University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. SCHNEIDER I. SCHNEIDER Department of Dermatology and Sexual Pathology, University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 96, Issue 6, 1 June 1977, Pages 663–668, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb05212.x Published: 01 June 1977
Hepatic Arterial Infusion of Chemotherapy after Resection of Hepatic Metastases from Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Nancy Kemeny, Ying Huang, Alfred M. Cohen, Weiji Shi, John A. Conti, Murray F. Brennan, Joseph R. Bertino, Alan D.M. Turnbull, Deidre Sullivan, Jennifer Stockman, Leslie H. Blumgart, Yuman Fong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Two years after undergoing resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer, about 65 percent of patients are alive and 25 percent are free of detectable disease. We tried to improve these outcomes by treating patients with hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine plus systemic fluorouracil after liver resection.
Alcoholics Returning to Social Drinking
Authors: Brian R. Nagy
Journal: JAMA (1978)

"I'VE HAD a bit of trouble in the past, but I've got it licked now, and I think I can return to social drinking." These words are the hope of every alcoholic and the fear of every alcoholic's spouse. The response to such a statement may not be as obvious as it once was. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) has long espoused abstinence as the only goal for anyone who has had problems with alcohol, and without question AA has "saved" more alcoholics than any other treatment, organization, or institution. However, in June 1976 the Rand Corporation came forth with a report on alcoholism<sup>1</sup>that received wide publicity in the media and seemed to imply that alcoholics can return to social drinking. Reports of treating alcoholics with goals other than abstinence are being published in medical journals. In fact, the field of alcoholism treatment has been criticized for considering and allowing
Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Proposal for Reporting&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Donna F. Stroup
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Because of the pressure for timely, informed decisions in public health and clinical practice and the explosion of information in the scientific literature, research results must be synthesized. Meta-analyses are increasingly used to address this problem, and they often evaluate observational studies. A workshop was held in Atlanta, Ga, in April 1997, to examine the reporting of meta-analyses of observational studies and to make recommendations to aid authors, reviewers, editors, and readers.Twenty-seven participants were selected by a steering committee, based on expertise in clinical practice, trials, statistics, epidemiology, social sciences, and biomedical editing. Deliberations of the workshop were open to other interested scientists. Funding for this activity was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.We conducted a systematic review of the published literature on the conduct and reporting of meta-analyses in observational studies using MEDLINE, Educational Research Information Center (ERIC), PsycLIT, and the Current Index to Statistics. We also examined reference lists of the 32 studies retrieved and contacted experts in the field. Participants were assigned to small-group discussions on the subjects of bias, searching and abstracting, heterogeneity, study categorization, and statistical methods.From the material presented at the workshop, the authors developed a checklist summarizing recommendations for reporting meta-analyses of observational studies. The checklist and supporting evidence were circulated to all conference attendees and additional experts. All suggestions for revisions were addressed.The proposed checklist contains specifications for reporting of meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology, including background, search strategy, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. Use of the checklist should improve the usefulness of meta-analyses for authors, reviewers, editors, readers, and decision makers. An evaluation plan is suggested and research areas are explored.
Case 43-1977
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Thomas R. Browne, Edward P. Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Presentation of CaseA 72-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of progressive dementia and a gait disorder.She was well and of normal mental status until six months previously, when she fainted. On admission to another hospital examination disclosed severe facial contusions. The results of routine laboratory studies, an electroencephalogram (EEG) and a radionuclide brain scan were normal. Monitoring of the electrocardiogram for 24 hours disclosed no important cardiac arrhythmias. Diazepam was prescribed, and she was discharged.Three months before entry she complained of anosmia, which appeared to improve. Her husband observed that she had difficulty in ambulation, . . .
Health Care for Refugees and Survivors of Torture Is Becoming a Growth Industry, Experts Sadly Say
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

MORE AND MORE physicians in the United States and abroad are having to treat people for the physical and psychological sequelae of human rights abuses. The number of refugees around the world who have fled political or ethnic persecution has increased enormously during the past 10 years, says Robert P. DeVecchi, executive director of the International Rescue Committee, a New York City—based organization that helps resettle more than 12000 refugees a year. "An estimated 25 million men, women, and children have fled their homeland and have been granted temporary asylum in other countries," he says. "At the same time, there is a new phenomenon that is equally great if not greater, the so-called internally displaced person—a person who is a refugee within his or her own country. This number, 26 to 28 million, is even more staggering. Altogether, more than 50 million people are now living in refugee situations, which
Effect of Magnesium on Postoperative Dysrhythmias
Authors: William J. Fanning
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The study methods by England et al 1 leave some doubts as to their conclusion that magnesium administration after cardiac surgery decreases the incidence of postoperative ventricular arrhythmias and increases postoperative stroke volume. The patient population included a wide variety of cardiac procedures and the authors do not state whether the groups were matched with respect to the type of valve procedure or procedures, including ventricular aneurysmectomy and the implantable defibrillator.  They also do not state whether electrocardiographic monitoring continued after patients were transferred from the intensive care unit, when many arrhythmias occur. For purposes of analysis, they lump all ventricular arrhythmias in a single group, but include patients experiencing unifocal premature depolarization at a frequency greater than one per minute, which may not have the same prognostic importance as other ventricular arrhythmias (especially in patients with ischemic heart disease). These flaws seriously undermine their conclusion that
Proapoptotic signaling activity of the anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody dacetuzumab circumvents multiple oncogenic transformation events and chemosensitizes NHL cells
Authors: T S Lewis, R S McCormick, I J Stone, K Emmerton, B Mbow, J Miyamoto, J G Drachman, I S Grewal, C-L Law
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
How to remember biological therapeutics
Authors: N. S. N. Graham
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Some will be aware that the ever expanding repertoire of monoclonal antibody drugs benefits from systematic naming rules, but for those who are not, there is hope: we can understand the non-proprietary names of these drugs, even if we can’t afford to give them to our patients.

Drug names such as “infliximab” are built of four components: [unique naming part] + [target] + [type] + [“mab”].1

Let’s start at the end. What is it? A monoclonal …
PARADOXICAL VESTIBULAR REACTIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL, OF HYPERPNEA AND CO<sub>2</sub> INHALATION
Authors: A. ANGYAL, N. BLACKMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

1. The nystagmic reaction to caloric stimulation under the influence of alcohol, increased CO2 tension and decreased CO2 tension has been studied in schizophrenic and normal persons. 2. Under these experimental conditions, the schizophrenic patients showed an apparently paradoxical reaction. a. Under the influence of alcohol the normals showed an increase, the patients a decrease in the number and frequency of nystagmus. b. CO2 depresses the nystagmic reaction in normals. In 40 per cent of the patients, CO2, causes an increased reaction; 45 per cent show no change and 15 per cent behave somewhat similarly to the normals. c. Hyperpnea causes an increase in the normals and a decrease in the patients.
Health Service Bill
Authors: J. A. Balck-Foote
Journal: BMJ (1946)

<h3>Objectives</h3> The study was part of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study and aimed to quantify the burden arising from low back pain (LBP) due to occupational exposure to ergonomic risk factors. <h3>Methods</h3> Exposure prevalence was based on occupation distribution; estimates of relative risk came from a meta-analysis of relevant published literature. The work-related burden was estimated as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Estimates were made for each of 21 world regions and 187 countries, separately for 1990 and 2010 using consistent methods. <h3>Results</h3> Worldwide, LBP arising from ergonomic exposures at work was estimated to cause 21.7 million DALYs in 2010. The overall population attributable fraction was 26%, varying considerably with age, sex and region. 62% of LBP DALYs were in males—the largest numbers were in persons aged 35–55 years. The highest relative risk (3.7) was in the agricultural sector. The largest number of DALYs occurred in East Asia and South Asia, but on a per capita basis the biggest burden was in Oceania. There was a 22% increase in overall LBP DALYs arising from occupational exposures between 1990 and 2010 due to population growth; rates dropped by 14% over the same period. <h3>Conclusions</h3> LBP arising from ergonomic exposures at work is an important cause of disability. There is a need for improved information on exposure distributions and relative risks, particularly in developing countries.
Recognising placental steroid sulphatase deficiency.
Authors: R A Harkness, N F Taylor, M A Crawfurd, F A Rose
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is widely used in combination with other drugs in chemotherapy for tuberculosis. However, the dose-related liver injury is the main adverse effect of PZA and its metabolite [pyrazinoic acid (PA)]. Silibinin is the main flavonoid extracted from milk thistle (<i>Silybum marianum</i>), and it displays hepatoprotective properties. This study investigates the pharmacokinetics of PZA and PA and their interaction with silibinin in rats. The parallel study design was divided into six groups: PZA alone, PZA + long-term silibinin exposure, PZA + concomitant short-term silibinin exposure, PA alone, PA + long-term silibinin exposure, and PA + concomitant short-term silibinin exposure groups. The results indicate that the distribution ratio of PZA from bile to blood [area under the curve (AUC)<sub>bile</sub>/AUC<sub>blood</sub>] in the PZA + long-term silibinin exposure and PZA + concomitant short-term silibinin exposure groups was also not significantly different when compared with the PZA alone group. However, the bile-to-blood distribution ratio of PA was significantly decreased in the PA + long-term silibinin exposure and the PA + concomitant short-term silibinin exposure groups. On PZA administration, the blood, but not bile, levels of PA were markedly increased in the PZA + long-term silibinin exposure and PZA + concomitant short-term silibinin exposure groups, but the bile-to-blood ratio of PA was decreased. These results suggest that the excretion pathway of PA may be blocked by silibinin through xanthine oxidase and hepatobiliary excretion.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis and polyarthritis: a possible subset of seronegative polyarthritis.
Authors: N G LeRiche, D A Bell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Fifteen patients presenting with inflammatory polyarthritis who had Hashimoto's thyroiditis were investigated. Only 2/15 had frank myxoedema, 8/15 had incipient hypothyroidism (raised levels of thyrotropin or early symptoms of mild hypothyroidism), and 5/15 were euthyroid (thyrotropin levels normal). The presence or absence of rheumatoid factor (RF) distinguished two subgroups with different severity of synovitis. Nine out of 15 (group A) who remained RF negative throughout their follow-up had mild polyarthritis, lacked nodules or erosions on x-ray, and required, in addition to thyroid replacement, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for control of synovitis. Six out of 15 who remained RF positive (group B) had more severe synovitis, nodules, and erosive x-ray changes, and some required remittive drug treatment to control their disease. HLA-DR2 was present in 67% of group A and 13% of group B patients, while HLA-DR4 was present in 67% of group B and 33% of group A. Group A patients may represent a subset of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and seronegative inflammatory polyarthritis, while group B patients appear to have features suggesting the coexistence of both rheumatoid arthritis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Patients from coronary care units should be given their electrocardiograms and carry them at all times
Authors: S. Varma, G A. Large
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Our experience with patients admitted with acute chest pain leads us to propose that coronary care units should issue each patient with their electrocardiogram before discharge.

Commonly, patients given thrombolysis are given a thrombolysis card to carry. Possession of an electrocardiogram recorded on the last day of the most recent admission …