tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advances in Medicinal Therapeutics
Authors: H. H. Dale
Journal: BMJ (1950)

I think that our successors, viewing the times in which we live from the longer perspective of history, are likely to recognize the first half of the twentieth century as the period in which civilization first began to feel, for good or ill, the full impact of progress in the natural sciences.The application of scientific knowledge and methods to man's common activities and needs can be traced, of course, to
Quantitative PCR identifies a minimal deleted region of 120 kb extending from the Philadelphia chromosome ABL translocation breakpoint in chronic myeloid leukemia with poor outcome
Authors: E Kolomietz, P Marrano, K Yee, B Thai, I Braude, A Kolomietz, K Chun, S Minkin, S Kamel-Reid, M Minden, J A Squire
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
A Handbook of Diseases of the Skin
Authors: Sheldon Walker
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Students and practitioners should find this compact handbook a useful guide to the diagnosis and treatment of the commoner diseases of the skin. It is concise and readable and is designed and printed for rapid reference. In this edition the sections on therapy have been extensively revised and brought up to date. The volume is, in effect, a basic textbook of dermatology. Short chapters on the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the skin precede the clinical descriptions of the individual dermatoses. General discussions of etiology and treatment and a formulary of prescriptions for topical therapy are also included. The chapters describing the various dermatoses are well illustrated with many full page, black and white, clinical photographs, most of them showing excellent detail. The final chapter contains suggestions for the proper nursing care of patients with each of the major types of dermatoses—a useful feature. This book is recommended.
Layperson nominated to chair GMC for first time
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The UK General Medical Council could be headed by a non-doctor for the first time in its history, after a lay member of its governing council was named as one of three nominees for the post of chairperson.

The 24 member council of the United Kingdom’s regulator for doctors will choose one of the three to succeed the outgoing chairman, Graeme Catto, …
Pneumocystis Pneumonia Associated with Infliximab in Japan
Authors: Masayoshi Harigai, Ryuji Koike, Nobuyuki Miyasaka
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: Infliximab, a monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), is used in Japan for the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis that is resistant to methotrexate.1 Methotrexate is used only for patients who do not have a response to or cannot tolerate other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, such as sulfasalazine. Infliximab is not used as primary therapy for rheumatoid arthritis in Japan. Strict postmarketing surveillance of infliximab and etanercept, a drug that blocks the action of TNF, revealed incidences of pneumocystis pneumonia in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis that were higher (0.4% and 0.2%, respectively) than . . .
Molecular evolution of ependymin and the phylogenetic resolution of early divergences among euteleost fishes
Authors: G. Orti, A. Meyer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

The rate and pattern of DNA evolution of ependymin, a single-copy gene coding for a highly expressed glycoprotein in the brain matrix of teleost fishes, is characterized and its phylogenetic utility for fish systematics is assessed. DNA sequences were determined from catfish, electric fish, and characiforms and compared with published ependymin sequences from cyprinids, salmon, pike, and herring. Among these groups, ependymin amino acid sequences were highly divergent (up to 60% sequence difference), but had surprisingly similar hydropathy profiles and invariant glycosylation sites, suggesting that functional properties of the proteins are conserved. Comparison of base composition at third codon positions and introns revealed AT-rich introns and GC-rich third codon positions, suggesting that the biased codon usage observed might not be due to mutational bias. Phylogenetic information content of third codon positions was surprisingly high and sufficient to recover the most basal nodes of the tree, in spite of the observation that pairwise distances (at third codon positions) were well above the presumed saturation level. This finding can be explained by the high proportion of phylogenetically informative nonsynonymous changes at third codon positions among these highly divergent proteins. Ependymin DNA sequences have established the first molecular evidence for the monophyly of a group containing salmonids and esociforms. In addition, ependymin suggests a sister group relationship of electric fish (Gymnotiformes) and Characiformes, constituting a significant departure from currently accepted classifications. However, relationships among characiform lineages were not completely resolved by ependymin sequences in spite of seemingly appropriate levels of variation among taxa and considerably low levels of homoplasy in the data (consistency index = 0.7). If the diversification of Characiformes took place in an "explosive" manner, over a relatively short period of time this pattern should also be observed using other phylogenetic markers. Poor conservation of ependymin's primary structure hinders the design of efficient primers for PCR that could be used in wide-ranging fish systematic studies. However, alternative methods like PCR amplification from cDNA used here should provide promising comparative sequence data for the resolution of phylogenetic relationships among other basal lineages of teleost fishes.
Overexpression of phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 stimulates cell growth and increases chemoresistance of colon cancer cells
Authors: Nadia Vié, Virginie Copois, Caroline Bascoul-Mollevi, Vincent Denis, Nicole Bec, Bruno Robert, Caroline Fraslon, Emmanuel Conseiller, Franck Molina, Christian Larroque, Pierre Martineau, Maguy Del Rio, Céline Gongora
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2008)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer death throughout the world. In this work our aim was to study the role of the phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 in colorectal cancer development.We first observed that PSAT1 is overexpressed in colon tumors. In addition, we showed that after drug treatment, PSAT1 expression level in hepatic metastases increased in non responder and decreased in responder patients. In experiments using human cell lines, we showed that ectopic PSAT1 overexpression in colon carcinoma SW480 cell line resulted in an increase in its growth rate and survival. In addition, SW480-PSAT1 cells presented a higher tumorigenic potential than SW480 control cells in xenografted mice. Moreover, the SW480-PSAT1 cell line was more resistant to oxaliplatin treatment than the non-transfected SW480 cell line. This resistance resulted from a decrease in the apoptotic response and in the mitotic catastrophes induced by the drug treatment.These results show that an enzyme playing a role in the L-serine biosynthesis could be implicated in colon cancer progression and chemoresistance and indicate that PSAT1 represents a new interesting target for CRC therapy.
Serological markers in fulminant hepatitis B.
Authors: K M De Cock, S Govindarajan, A G Redeker
Journal: Gut (1984)

Serological markers in fulminant hepatitis B SIR,-We were surprised that the interesting study of serological markers in fulminant hepatitis from King's College Hospital1 did not mention the possibility of delta infection in some patients.Delta hepatitis is more likely to result in fulminant hepatic failure than ordinary hepatitis B, as some of the authors have themselves described elsewhere.2In this unit, one third of patients with HBsAg positive fulminant hepatitis have serological markers of acute delta infection,3 and the majority of cases of fulminant delta hepatitis occur in conjunction with acute hepatitis B, as witnessed by positive hepatitis B core IgM tests, rather than in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.Although the delta agent requires the presence of HBV to establish itself, it subsequently suppresses the production of HBV markers.This has been best observed in chronic HBV infection complicated by superinfection with delta, both in man4 5 and in chimpanzees.6It is uncertain what happens to HBV replication in acute HBV with delta infection.Patients with acute delta hepatitis are invariably HBsAg positive but the effect of simultaneous delta infection on the level and persistence of markers of acute HBV infection has, as far as we are aware, not been studied.It would be of interest to screen all the patients with fulminant hepatitis described by Gimson et all for markers of acute delta infection, including those who at presentation were already anti-HBs positive.
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis in association with later occurrence of acute myeloblastic leukaemia
Authors: C. Vener, D. Soligo, E. Berti, U. Gianelli, F. Servida, E. Ceretti, R. Caputo, E. Passoni, G. Lambertenghi Deliliers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Indeterminate cell histiocytosis (ICH) is a proliferation of indeterminate CD1a+, CD68+, S100+ and CD207− dermal dendritic cells. We describe a 39-year-old man who developed diffuse ICH and, 6 years later, acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML). He was treated with cyclophosphamide, etoposide and vinblastine until 2003. In August 2004, he presented dyspnoea, hyperpyrexia and infiltration of the lung parenchyma, compatible with an AML invasion, and died after a course of induction chemotherapy. Cytomorphology and immunophenotype analyses suggested an ICH clonal evolution. The leukaemogenic role of etoposide is discussed. ICH has previously been reported in association with B-cell malignancy, but only one case has shown systemic progression.
Postcode prescribing is alive and well in Scotland
Authors: D. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—We had understood that one of the intentions of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) was to rationalise the introduction of new drugs and technologies across the United Kingdom so that NHS patients would have equitable access. This has plainly not happened. We illustrate the problem with three recently licensed drugs, imatinib, irinotecan, and trastuzumab.

Imatinib has yet to be appraised by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, but our local haematologists completed the paperwork for approval by Lothian Health Board's drug …
Paralysed man walks again after cell transplantation
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Fusion transcripts are used as biomarkers in companion diagnoses. Although more than 15,000 fusion RNAs have been identified from diverse cancer types, few common feature has been reported. Here, we compared 16,410 fusion transcripts detected in cancer (from a published cohort of 9,966 tumor samples of 33 cancer types) with genome-wide RNA-DNA interactions mapped in two normal, non-cancerous cell types (using iMARGI, an enhanced version of the MARGI [Mapping RNA-Genome Interactions assay]). Among the top 10 most significant RNA-DNA interactions in normal cells, 5 co-localized with the gene pairs that formed fusion RNAs in cancer. Furthermore, throughout the genome, the frequency of a gene pair to exhibit RNA-DNA interactions is positively correlated with the probability of this gene pair to present documented fusion transcripts in cancer. To test whether RNA-DNA interactions in normal cells are predictive of fusion RNAs, we analyzed in a validation cohort of 96 lung cancer samples using RNA-seq. We found 34 out of 42 fusion transcripts in the validation cohort exhibited RNA-DNA interactions in normal cells. Finally, combining RNA-seq, single-molecule RNA FISH, and DNA FISH, we detected a cancer sample with Eml4-Alk fusion RNA without forming the Eml4-Alk fusion gene. Collectively, these data suggest a novel RNA-poise model, where spatial proximity of RNA and DNA could poise for creation of fusion transcripts.
Chylous Cyst of Mesentery: Operation: Recovery
Authors: J. O'Conor
Journal: BMJ (1897)

MEDICALJOURNISA 391 tolerance of the rectum to nutrient enemata, that a fatal issue seemed constantly imminent.During this time she existed upon an average of less than 3 ounces of milk a day.Eventually food was taken slightly better, and strength began to return.Actual size of gall stone.
Efficacy of Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine in Preschool Children in the United States
Authors: Ida M. Onorato
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To evaluate the efficacy of currently used whole-cell pertussis vaccines.Active surveillance to detect pertussis cases in Baltimore, Md, Denver, Colo, and Milwaukee, Wis, and investigation of secondary attack rates in 347 household contacts, aged 1 through 4 years, to estimate vaccine efficacy.Vaccine efficacy was estimated using different case definitions for pertussis.Vaccine efficacy was 64%, 81%, and 95% for case definitions of mild cough, paroxysmal cough, and severe clinical illness, respectively. Requiring laboratory confirmation increased efficacy to 95% to 98% for culture-positive children and to 77% to 95% for culture- or serology-confirmed cases, depending on disease severity. Vaccine efficacy for typical paroxysmal cough increased from 44% for one diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine dose to 80% for four or more doses.The trend toward increasing vaccine efficacy with different case definitions may be due to improved efficacy in preventing severe illness and to case definitions that are more specific for pertussis. Whole-cell pertussis vaccine was highly effective in preventing pertussis in preschool children exposed to infection within their households. Direct side-by-side efficacy studies of whole-cell vaccine and the recently licensed acellular vaccine will be necessary to assure that comparable protection is afforded by the new vaccines if they are to be used for immunization of infants.
Abstract B19: Three-dimensional nuclear telomere organization and clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Authors: Patrapim Sunpaweravong, Chirawadee Sathitruangsak, Kelsie Thu, Wan L. Lam, Sabine Mai
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Survival of NSCLC patients remains unfavorable prompting a better understanding of its molecular biology and causality, along with advances in diagnostic methods and multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches. Aberrant three-dimensional (3D) nuclear telomere organization can identify patient subgroups in various cancers and its correlation with tumor and patient characteristics may play a major role as a predictive and prognostic factor in NSCLC of different subgroups. This study aimed to explore the clinical application of 3D nuclear telomeric organization in NSCLC patients of different EGFR mutational status and smoking backgrounds. Paraffin-embedded NSCLC tissue specimens from non-smoking (N=6) and smoking (N=4) patients who underwent surgical resections at the British Columbia Cancer Research Centre of Canada were examined using the 3D fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). 3D nuclear-telomeric architecture analyses were performed using the TeloView program (Vermolen et al., 2005). The 3D nuclear telomere organization of 100 interphase nuclei per specimen was quantified by telomere numbers, telomere signal intensities, and frequencies of telomeric aggregates. Comparisons of 3D nuclear telomere organization between patient subgroups are shown below. In the smoking group, more telomeres, higher signal intensities, and greater numbers of aggregates were observed, compared to the non-smokers. The same pattern of 3D nuclear telomere organization was observed in the EGFR-negative/unknown group, compared to the EGFR-positive patients. This study provides a better understanding of 3D telomeric organization in NSCLC patients with different smoking backgrounds and EGFR mutational status, leading to a rationale of further exploration of this molecular profile in this cancer. 3D Telomeric parameters Average number of telomere per cell : Non-smokers 77.71, Smokers 80.37 Average number of aggregates per cell : Non-smokers 21.36, Smokers 27.59 Percentage of cells with aggregates : Non-smokers 2.16, Smokers 3.03 Average number of telomere per cell : Pos. EGFR 73.69, Neg./Unknown EGFR 80.95 Average number of aggregates per cell : Pos. EGFR 19.97, Neg./Unknown EGFR 25.52 Percentage of cells with aggregates : Pos. EGFR 1.96, Neg./Unknown EGFR 2.75 Citation Format: Patrapim Sunpaweravong, Chirawadee Sathitruangsak, Kelsie Thu, Wan L. Lam, Sabine Mai. Three-dimensional nuclear telomere organization and clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr B19.
"Polypill" to fight cardiovascular disease: Patients before populations
Authors: P. Trewby
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Wald and Law's provocative paper and the accompanying editorial on the “Polypill” was disappointing in focusing only on the advantage to the population and ignoring the individual's views of the benefit he or she would wish to see from taking preventive drugs.1 2

The median threshold of absolute risk reduction below which patients would not wish to take a preventive drug may be as high as 30% over five years. This …
The Effects of Treatment with Interleukin-1α on Platelet Recovery after High-Dose Carboplatin
Authors: John W. Smith, Dan L. Longo, W. Gregory Alvord, John E. Janik, William H. Sharfman, Barry L. Gause, Brendan D. Curti, Stephen P. Creekmore, Jon T. Holmlund, Robert G. Fenton, Mario Sznol, Langdon L. Miller, Masanao Shimizu, Joost J. Oppenheim, Shelby J. Fiem, Jean C. Hursey, Gerry C. Powers, Walter J. Urba
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Thrombocytopenia is a frequent side effect of cancer chemotherapy and commonly limits attempts to escalate drug doses. To determine whether interleukin-1 alpha could ameliorate carboplatin-induced thrombocytopenia, we combined it with high-dose carboplatin in 43 patients with advanced neoplasms.High-dose carboplatin (800 mg per square meter of body-surface area) was administered alone to a control group. Subsequent patients were randomly assigned to receive the same dose of carboplatin with interleukin-1 alpha, administered either before or after carboplatin. Interleukin-1 alpha was given intravenously at a dose of 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 microgram per kilogram of body weight per day for five days.Carboplatin alone consistently produced thrombocytopenia with a median nadir of 19,000 platelets per cubic millimeter and a median of 10 days with less than 100,000 platelets per cubic millimeter. All 15 patients receiving interleukin-1 alpha before carboplatin had similar findings. In contrast, 5 of the 15 patients given one of the two higher doses of interleukin-1 alpha after carboplatin had minimal thrombocytopenia (nadir, 91,000 to 332,000 platelets per cubic millimeter). In the 10 patients given 0.3 microgram of interleukin-1 alpha per kilogram after carboplatin treatment, the platelet count recovered to 100,000 per cubic millimeter significantly earlier than in either the control group (P = 0.002) or the patients who received interleukin-1 alpha before carboplatin (P = 0.003), with the median times to recovery in the three groups being 16, 21, and 23 days, respectively. At the highest dose of interleukin-1 alpha, toxicity was substantial (but reversible), requiring inpatient support for hypotension, supraventricular arrhythmias, and pulmonary-capillary leak.Interleukin-1 alpha can accelerate the recovery of platelets after high-dose carboplatin therapy and may be clinically useful in preventing or treating thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy.
End-of-Life Care: Where Does the Standard Oncology Care Fail Our Patients and What Do We, as Oncologists, Need to Do Differently?
Authors: Haris Charalambous
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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A Lecture on Encephalitis Lethargica in England
Authors: A. S. MacNalty
Journal: BMJ (1926)

ENCEPHALITIS LETU.ARGICA, or epidemic encephalitis, w-hich may be classed under the head of general infectious diseases, is distinguished by certain manifestations originatinig in the central nervous system.One of the most characteristic of these manifestations is due to a lesion in or about the nuclei of the third pair of cranial nerves.The progressive letlhargy and stupor which are often plresenit caused von Ecoilomolt to give the descriptive term " lethargica " to the disease.The name " sleepy sickness," whiclh, for the same reason, is sometimes popularly used, is to be deprecated, as it is apt to lead to confusion with the sleeping sickness of African countries-an entirely differenit malady due to a trypanosome.
TUBERCULOSIS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Porter P. Vinson
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  In the May 16 issue ofThe Journal, page 266, there is in an editorial comment on Tuberculosis Among Medical Students one statement of which should be corrected:  must be recognized likewise that periodic x-ray examination is the only sure method of recognition of the   It would have been much better to state that x-ray examination is of value in the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis, for there is, of course, no method that can be called a sure method for diagnosing tuberculosis or any other disease. I have seen many patients who had pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis of the hilar lymphatic nodes with ulceration into a bronchus, and roentgenoscopic examination did not reveal evidence of a pulmonary lesion; on the other hand, there are many infiltrations in the lung that have been diagnosed tuberculosis from roentgenoscopic study when the lesion was nontuberculous.  I think it
Waiting for Plan B — The FDA and Nonprescription Use of Emergency Contraception
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The proposal to switch levonorgestrel emergency contraception (sold under the brand name Plan B) to over-the-counter status in the United States is in limbo. In May, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rejected the application of Barr Pharmaceuticals for nonprescription sales of Plan B. Dr. Steven Galson, the acting director of the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, wrote that the company had “not provided adequate data to support a conclusion that Plan B can be used safely by young adolescent women for emergency contraception without the professional supervision of a practitioner licensed by law to administer the drug.” . . .