tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of FGF-2–, VEGF-A–, and VEGF-C–Induced Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis, Vascular Fenestrations, and Permeability
Authors: Renhai Cao, Anna Eriksson, Hajime Kubo, Kari Alitalo, Yihai Cao, Johan Thyberg
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Several endothelial growth factors induce both blood and lymphatic angiogenesis. However, a systematic comparative study of the impact of these factors on vascular morphology and function has been lacking. In this study, we report a quantitative analysis of the structure and macromolecular permeability of FGF-2–, VEGF-A–, and VEGF-C–induced blood and lymphatic vessels. Our results show that VEGF-A stimulated formation of disorganized, nascent vasculatures as a result of fusion of blood capillaries into premature plexuses with only a few lymphatic vessels. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that VEGF-A–induced blood vessels contained high numbers of endothelial fenestrations that mediated high permeability to ferritin, whereas the FGF-2–induced blood vessels lacked vascular fenestrations and showed only little leakage of ferritin. VEGF-C induced approximately equal amounts of blood and lymphatic capillaries with endothelial fenestrations present only on blood capillaries, mediating a medium level of ferritin leakage into the perivascular space. No endothelial fenestrations were found in FGF-2–, VEGF-A–, or VEGF-C–induced lymphatic vessels. These findings highlight the structural and functional differences between blood and lymphatic vessels induced by FGF-2, VEGF-A, and VEGF-C. Such information is important to consider in development of novel therapeutic strategies using these angiogenic factors.
Kinetics of indium‐111‐labeled leukemic cells in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Kunihiko Yamauchi, Yutaka Suzuki, Masami Sugihara, Tadami Nagao, Shigeru Arimori
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract The distribution within the body of autologous leukemic cells labeled with indium‐111 oxine was studied in seven patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. The leukemic blood cells initially entered the spleen and liver, and the major site of localization was the former rather than the latter. The majority of the leukemic cells had not left the spleen and liver within 48 hr. Liver radioactivity fell transitorily up to the third hr after the initial rise. The clearance curve of radioactivity from the blood showed a plateau or the appearance of a “hump” from 1 to 5 hr after injection of labeled leukemic cells. These results might reflect recirculation of a portion of the leukemic cells between these organs and the bloodstream. In a patient with acute monoblastic leukemia, OKMl monoclonal‐antibody‐treated monoblasts showed the lowest recovery into the blood and a greater increase of liver than splenic radioactivity at 30 min after injection. These results suggest the removal of damaged cells by the cytotoxic effects of antibody mediated by reticuloendothelial clearance mainly of the liver and others. In one patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia, leukemic cells accumulated in both kidneys, indicating the possible infiltration of these cells. Since indium‐111 oxine stays firmly attached to the cells in spite of the possibility of radiation damaged in a long‐term survey, it seems an ideal label for studying leukemic cell kinetics.
Exophthalmos and Treatment of Graves' Disease
Authors: J. H. Gaskin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by G winup et al (1982;247:2135) addressed an important question in the treatment of Graves' disease, but the importance of their findings is questionable. Ethnic factors and myopia affect proptosis but were not mentioned. Many of the patients had less than 3 mm of proptosis, or class 1, which is "cosmetic or nonthreatening," but some had 3 mm or more, class 3, which is "potentially threatening and progressive." Soft-tissue, extraocular muscle, corneal, or optic nerve involvement (classes 2 and 4 through 6) were not mentioned.<sup>1</sup>Although exophthalmos is of great concern, progressive infiltrative ophthalmopathy can lead to severe functional impairment. In two large series, antithyroid drug treatment resulted in no substantial worsening of extraocular muscle function or visual acuity and no need for ocular surgery.<sup>2,3</sup>Several discrepancies appeared in the article. Proptosis was different in Fig 1 and Figs 2 through 4 at six
Antibodies to Type II Collagen in Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: Jean Michel Foidart, Shigeto Abe, George R. Martin, Thomas M. Zizic, Eugene V. Barnett, Thomas J. Lawley, Stephen I. Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Relapsing polychondritis is a disorder of unknown cause characterized by the destruction of cartilage. To test the hypothesis that immunologic mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of relapsing polychondritis, we analyzed the serum of 15 patients for the presence of antibodies to cartilage. Antibodies to Type II (cartilage) collagen were found in the serum of five patients at the time of acute symptoms. No antibodies were detected either to cartilage proteoglycan or to other collagen types. The antibodies were detected at the onset of the disease and their titers appeared to correlate with severity of disease. Circulating immune complexes were also detected in the serum of these patients. Our findings support an immunologic involvement in this condition.
Amplification of Transgene Expression in Vitro and in Vivo Using a Novel Inhibitor of Histone Deacetylase
Authors: Tomoki Yamano, Kiyoe Ura, Ryuichi Morishita, Hidenori Nakajima, Morito Monden, Yasufumi Kaneda
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Enhancement of transgene expression is an important issue in human gene therapy. Here we describe a novel system for enhancing transgene expression by cointroduction of plasmid DNA with FR901228, a water-soluble histone deacetylase inhibitor. When a luciferase expression vector was cointroduced into cells with FR901228, luciferase gene expression was enhanced 50-fold in the mouse melanoma cell line B16-F1 and 5200-fold in NIH3T3 cells in comparison to cells without the drug. Luciferase gene expression enhancement was dependent on both drug dose and treatment time. Acetylated histones increased in accordance with drug dose, and the activation of gene expression occurred at the transcriptional level. The stimulation of luciferase gene expression by FR901228 was also observed in a B16-F1 clone stably expressing luciferase. Cointroduction of the luciferase plasmid with FR901228 into a B16-F1 tumor mass activated luciferase gene expression 3- to 4-fold. Thus, activation of transgene expression by FR901228 may serve as a new tool for gene therapy.
Two-year follow-up of plasma leptin and other cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: D. Xibille-Friedmann, C. Bustos-Bahena, S. Hernandez-Gongora, R. Burgos-Vargas, J. L. Montiel-Hernandez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that may regulate the immune response.1 Its reduction is associated with increased susceptibility to infection, whereas the opposite is associated with proinflammatory cytokine production in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune disorders.2 Leptin could represent a link between the immune response, metabolic functions and nutritional status.3

While the concentration of leptin may be increased in the plasma of patients with RA, in the synovial fluid it seems to be decreased.2 3 Although some reports found no difference between leptin plasma concentrations in patients with RA and healthy controls,4 we found it increased in RA, particularly in those patients with longer disease duration.5 Leptin concentration also correlated with disease …
Familial mycosis fungoides: Report of 6 kindreds and a study of the HLA system
Authors: Emmilia Hodak, Tirza Klein, Boaz Gabay, Dan Ben-Amitai, Reuven Bergman, Michael Gdalevich, Meora Feinmesser, Lea Maron, Michael David
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
Nemaline Myopathy
Authors: N. K. Gonatas, G. M. Shy, E. H. Godfrey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IT has been suggested that the Z band of skeletal muscle contains tropomyosin B because of the resemblance of the Z band to the ultrastructural appearance of the tropomyosin B crystals.1 2 3 The Z band is closely related to the thin (actin) filaments, and, when actin is not dissolved in the process of separation, the Z band may be isolated along with the I segments.1 Sjostrand and Andersson-Cedergren4 have shown that the Z band does not change significantly during stretch or shortening of the muscle fiber. Tropomyosin B is also believed to serve "a passive mechanical function" by virtue of its . . .
Women must be given fully informed information about cervical screening
Authors: J. Nottingham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—The General Medical Council has now produced clear ethical guidelines with respect to getting informed consent from patients undergoing any medical procedure, including screening tests. 1 2 This would include cervical screening.

The guidelines are quite specific in stating that a doctor or other party should explain the purpose of screening; the likelihood of positive and negative findings, including false negative and false positive results; uncertainties and risks of screening; important medical, social, or financial consequences …
Arsenic Exposure and Prevalence of the Varicella Zoster Virus in the United States: NHANES (2003–2004 and 2009–2010)
Authors: Andres Cardenas, Ellen Smit, E. Andres Houseman, Nancy I. Kerkvliet, Jeffrey W. Bethel, Molly L. Kile
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Arsenic is an immunotoxicant. Clinical reports observe the reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in people who have recovered from arsenic poisoning and in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia that have been treated with arsenic trioxide.We evaluated the association between arsenic and the seroprevalence of VZV IgG antibody in a representative sample of the U.S.We analyzed data from 3,348 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 and 2009-2010 pooled survey cycles. Participants were eligible if they were 6-49 years of age with information on both VZV IgG and urinary arsenic concentrations. We used two measures of total urinary arsenic (TUA): TUA1 was defined as the sum of arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid, and TUA2 was defined as total urinary arsenic minus arsenobetaine and arsenocholine.The overall weighted seronegative prevalence of VZV was 2.2% for the pooled NHANES sample. The geometric means of TUA1 and TUA2 were 6.57 μg/L and 5.64 μg/L, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, race, income, creatinine, and survey cycle, odds ratios for a negative VZV IgG result in association with 1-unit increases in natural log-transformed (ln)-TUA1 and ln-TUA2 were 1.87 (95% CI: 1.03, 3.44) and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.0, 1.97), respectively.In this cross-sectional analysis, urinary arsenic was inversely associated with VZV IgG seroprevalence in the U.S.This finding is in accordance with clinical observations of zoster virus reactivation from high doses of arsenic. Additional studies are needed to confirm the association and evaluate causal mechanisms.
Antiretroviral therapy for adult HIV-infected patients. Recommendations from a state-of-the-art conference. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases State-of-the-Art Panel on Anti-Retroviral Therapy for Adult HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: M. A. Sande
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This document summarizes recommendations from a state-of-the-art conference convened to evaluate the role of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Data from controlled clinical trials of zidovudine, didanosine, and zalcitabine were reviewed by an expert panel, which then formulated guidelines to assist clinicians and HIV-infected patients in the use of these agents. Recommendations were framed in the context of clinical scenarios for patients with asymptomatic HIV infection who have not had prior antiretroviral therapy; those with signs and symptoms of HIV-related disease who have not received prior therapy; clinically stable patients who are tolerating initial zidovudine therapy; patients experiencing clinical progression while on zidovudine therapy; and those who are intolerant of antiretroviral therapy. The panel concluded that physicians need to integrate up-to-date scientific knowledge with other relevant needs to improve the care of HIV-infected patients.
The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Patients with Hemophilia
Authors: BRUCE L. EVATT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Since mid-1981 the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has received reports of more than 1900 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. These cases had either Kaposi's sarcoma confirmed by biopsy or a life-threatening opportunistic infection confirmed by biopsy or culture. In January 1982 a hemophiliac with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was reported to the CDC, and by July 1982 two other hemophiliacs had developed P. carinii pneumonia. During the next 12 months a total of 22 confirmed cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome occurred in hemophiliacs, 17 in the United States and 5 outside the United States. We report the nature of the epidemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in hemophiliacs and summarize pertinent clinical aspects.
Anaemia in juvenile chronic arthritis: serum inhibition of normal erythropoiesis in vitro.
Authors: P J Prouse, A R Harvey, B Bonner, C D Reid, B M Ansell, M Gumpel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Serum from patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) was shown to inhibit colony formation by normal erythropoietic progenitor cells cultured in vitro. The inhibition was proportional to the degree of anaemia and to certain indices of activity of the arthritis and systemic disease. It occurred in a dose dependent manner with increasing serum concentration and was independent of previous blood transfusion or administered drugs. Erythropoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrows of anaemic patients with JCA showed normal requirements for accessory cells (T lymphocytes and macrophages) in culture, and autologous accessory cells were not deficient in providing normal growth requirements.
Pneumothorax Complicating Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: Ronald B. George
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Clinical and roentgenographic findings were compared in patients 40 years of age and over and in those under 40 who were treated for acute unilateral pneumothorax. Dyspnea and anxiety were prominent in the older individuals, although pneumothoraces were usually small. Because physical findings were often unreliable, roentgenograms were required. In the presence of pulmonary emphysema, loss of retractility prevented total collapse of the underlying lung. Increased intrapleural pressure caused overexpansion of the chest wall and depression of the diaphragm without much mediastinal shifting. Partial collapse of emphysematous lobes demonstrated bullae that were not previously obvious. Respiratory failure developed in five patients over 40 years of age, but four of them recovered after relief of the pneumothorax. Mortality for the group was low and related to associated pulmonary diseases. (<i>JAMA</i>234:389-393, 1975)
Raised homocysteine levels not as risky as once thought
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Two new meta-analyses confirm that a raised level of blood homocysteine is a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease but find that the risk is lower than previously thought ( JAMA 2002;288:2015-22, 2023-31).

The studies imply that to measure homocysteine levels routinely, in the way that cholesterol is now measured, may not be indicated.

The first of the two meta-analyses, the homocysteine studies collaboration, was conducted by Dr Robert Clarke and colleagues of the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford. The researchers searched Medline for articles on homocysteine and ischaemic heart disease or stroke risk …
Tumor-Induced Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Inhibits Toll-like Receptor 3 Signaling in Dendritic Cells via Binding to Tyrosine Kinase 2
Authors: Bin Zeng, Haijie Li, Yu Liu, Zhuohan Zhang, Yuan Zhang, Rongcun Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of negative regulatory proteins is up-regulated in response to several cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and suppresses cellular signaling responses by binding receptor phosphotyrosine residues. Exposure of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) to 1D8 cells, a murine model of ovarian carcinoma, suppresses their ability to express CD40 and stimulate antigen-specific responses in response to PAMPs and, in particular, to polyinosinic acid:poly-CMP (polyI:C) with the up-regulated SOCS3 transcript and protein levels. The ectopic expression of SOCS3 in both the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and BMDCs decreased signaling in response to both polyI:C and IFNalpha. Further, knockdown of SOCS3 transcripts significantly enhanced the responses of RAW264.7 and BMDCs to both polyI:C and IFNalpha. Immunoprecipitation and pull-down studies show that SOCS3 binds to the IFNalpha receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2). Because polyI:C triggers autocrine IFNalpha signaling, binding of SOCS3 to TYK2 may thereby suppress the activation of BMDCs by polyI:C and IFNalpha. Thus, elevated levels of SOCS3 in tumor-associated DCs may potentially resist the signals induced by Toll-like receptor 3 ligands and type I IFN to decrease DC activation via binding with IFNalpha receptor TYK2.
Is germ cell harvest and storage justified in minors treated for cancer?
Authors: H A Spoudeas
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Experiments in ewes1 and autologous ovarian grafting in an oophorectomised woman have focused research attention2 on harvesting germ cells from female patients before they undergo sterilising cancer treatments—much as “sperm banking” has long been used for men. Epididymal aspiration and testicular biopsy are established methods of obtaining the “single” sperm necessary for intracytoplasmic sperm injection and successful reversal of male infertility due to azoospermia.3

Such technical advances have led to consideration of their application in children undergoing similar treatments causing sterility. Given that efficacy and …
Clinical Problems: Hypercalcaemia in Patients with Advanced Mammary Cancer
Authors: C. S. B. Galasko, J. I. Burn
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria are common complications of advanced mammary cancer. Of 127 patients with the disease 63 (49·5%) had some abnormality of calcium balance. Eighteen (14%) of these patients developed severe progressive hypercalcaemia and became acutely ill. Most patients had skeletal metastases, and the usual cause of hypercalcaemia was rapid destruction of bone by the cancer. One patient with severe uncontrollable hypercalcaemia and minimal skeletal involvement probably developed the complication due to inappropriate secretion of a parathyroid-hormone-like substance by massive hepatic deposits. Severe hypercalcaemia was controlled successfully in 13 of the 18 patients, the serum calcium levels returning to normal and the acute symptoms disappearing. Unfortunately, successful correction of the hypercalcaemia rarely was followed by prolonged survival from the underlying malignant disease. The incidence of subsequent objective response to pituitary ablation was less than usual, and only three patients survived for more than one year after the episode of hypercalcaemia.
Diagnosis-Related Groups
Authors: GEORGE S. HUGHES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1984Diagnosis-Related GroupsGEORGE S. HUGHES JR., M.D.GEORGE S. HUGHES JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-1-138 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We are writing in response to the article "Medicare Hospital Payment by Diagnosis-Related Groups" by Bruce C. Vladeck (1). We want to point out that a number of shortcomings are inherent within the Medicare hospital payment system. There is a distinct failure to identify multiple complications or comorbid conditions in individual patients and to supply adequate reimbursement for university-related teaching hospitals, especially those in rural areas. The following cases illustrate these points.A 76-year-old man was hospitalized for a hip fracture and pneumonia (discharge diagnosis-related group [DRG] 236; average length of stay, 11.9 days; outlier, 32 days)....Reference1. VLADECK B. Medicine hospital payment by diagnosis-related groups. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:576-91. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GEORGE S. HUGHESJR., M.D.Affiliations: School of Medicine East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27834 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAn introduction to the why and how of risk adjustmentThe debate over Diagnosis Related Groups 1 July 1984Volume 101, Issue 1Page: 138-138KeywordsDiagnosis related groupsHip fracturesLength of stayMedicarePneumoniaRural areas ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Coronary angioplasty of multiple vessels: short-term outcome and long-term results.
Authors: M J Cowley, G W Vetrovec, G DiSciascio, S A Lewis, P D Hirsh, T C Wolfgang
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Experience with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of multiple vessels was reviewed to assess short-term outcome and long-term results. PTCA of multiple vessels was performed in 100 of the initial 500 patients (20%) who underwent PTCA at the Medical College of Virginia between July 1979 and August 1984. Eighty-nine percent had class 3 or 4 angina, and 66% had unstable angina. Two-thirds had severe stenosis of two vessels or major branches and one-third had three-vessel disease. One or more significant lesions were dilated in two vessels in 84 patients, in three vessels in 14 patients, and in four vessels in two patients. PTCA of 273 lesions (2.7/patient) was attempted (range two to eight per patient) with angiographic success in 250 lesions (91.6%). Primary success (angiographic and clinical improvement) was achieved in 95 of 100 patients (95%); 84% had success in multiple vessels, and 79% had success in all attempted lesions. Complications occurred in 11 patients (11%); four patients (4%) underwent urgent bypass surgery and four additional patients (4%) had myocardial infarction. Long-term results were assessed in 44 patients with primary success who had follow-up of more than 1 year (mean 26 months) after multiple-vessel PTCA. Twenty-eight patients (64%) remain event-free and improved and 48% are event-free and asymptomatic. Clinical recurrence developed in 15 patients (34%); four had sustained improvement with repeat PTCA, three remain improved with medical therapy, and eight (18%) have undergone bypass surgery during follow-up. One patient (2.3%) developed late myocardial infarction, and deaths have occurred in the follow-up cohort.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transmission of Infectious Mononucleosis by Transfusion of Pre-Illness Plasma
Authors: A. ROBERT TURNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The transmission of infectious mononucleosis by transfusion of platelet-rich plasma is reported. Seventeen days after the donation of the plasma to his leukemic brother, the donor developed clinical signs of infectious mononucleosis. The disease manifested itself in the leukemic brother 30 days after he received the plasma, at which time specific heterophile antibodies were noted, as well as Epstein-Barr virus antibody seroconversion. The infectivity of pre-illness plasma in infectious mononucleosis is suggested.