tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PHILADELPHIA AND AMERICAN MEDICINE
Authors: FRED B. ROGERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1955)

Article1 February 1955PHILADELPHIA AND AMERICAN MEDICINEFRED B. ROGERS, M.D.FRED B. ROGERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-42-2-481 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe approaching thirty-sixth Annual Session of the American College of Physicians, to be held in Philadelphia, April 25-29, 1955, will bring the members of this College back to the cradle of organized medicine in this country. The tradition of medicine in Philadelphia is well known; Philadelphia is a famed medical center, with five medical schools, including the oldest one in the United States. Medicine has been taught and practiced on a high level here through the past two centuries. If history alone were all that Philadelphia could offer the visiting physician, however, medical meetings would probably be scheduled elsewhere. The... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Committee on Publicity PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1955Volume 42, Issue 2Page: 481-502 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1955 PDF downloadLoading ...
Stigma, shame, and blame experienced by patients with lung cancer: qualitative study
Authors: A Chapple, S Ziebland, A McPherson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To draw on narrative interviews with patients with lung cancer and to explore their perceptions and experience of stigma. <b>Design</b> Qualitative study. <b>Setting</b> United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 45 patients with lung cancer recruited through several sources. <b>Results</b> Participants experienced stigma commonly felt by patients with other types of cancer, but, whether they smoked or not, they felt particularly stigmatised because the disease is so strongly associated with smoking. Interaction with family, friends, and doctors was often affected as a result, and many patients, particularly those who had stopped smoking years ago or had never smoked, felt unjustly blamed for their illness. Those who resisted victim blaming maintained that the real culprits were tobacco companies with unscrupulous policies. Some patients concealed their illness, which sometimes had adverse financial consequences or made it hard for them to gain support from other people. Some indicated that newspaper and television reports may have added to the stigma: television advertisements aim to put young people off tobacco, but they usually portray a dreadful death, which may exacerbate fear and anxiety. A few patients were worried that diagnosis, access to care, and research into lung cancer might be adversely affected by the stigma attached to the disease and those who smoke. <b>Conclusion</b> Patients with lung cancer report stigmatisation with far reaching consequences. Efforts to help people to quit smoking are important, but clinical and educational interventions should be presented with care so as not to add to the stigma experienced by patients with lung cancer and other smoking related diseases.
Postoperative Hyponatremia in Menstruant Women
Authors: Andrew L. Taylor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 June 1993Postoperative Hyponatremia in Menstruant WomenAndrew L. Taylor, MDAndrew L. Taylor, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-12-199306150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent article by Ayus and colleagues [1] is a useful reminder about postoperative hyponatremia. However, the authors, who have so vigorously contributed to the decade of discourse about the most appropriate therapy for hyponatremia, do not provide sufficient details of therapy to allow the reader to determine the causes of the poor outcome in their patients. These patients' hyponatremia was detected a mean of 48 hours after surgery. What was happening in the period before the respiratory arrests occurred, sometimes up to 9 days after surgery? It was stated that surviving women were more often treated ...REFERENCE1. Ayus JC, Wheeler JM, Arieff AI. Postoperative hyponatremic encephalopathy in menstruant women. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117: 891-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCentral Pontine and Extrapontine Myelinolysis 15 June 1993Volume 118, Issue 12Page: 984-985KeywordsBladderHyponatremiaSodiumSurgery Issue Published: 15 June 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Who Will Deliver Your Baby?
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (1981)

patients in less time.Its use minimises the patient's suffering and time off work, and also results in a considerable saving in dressings and nurses' and doctors' time.Now that the very occasional risk of a patient developing pseudomembranous colitis is well known and because this complication, should it occur, can be effectively treated for a modest expense, I consider it appropriate to continue giving our patients the benefit of this very effective antibiotic.
Online conferencing might be the answer
Authors: C. Mills
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate equivalence in efficacy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compare the safety of the biosimilar HD203 with innovator etanercept (ETN) plus methotrexate (MTX) (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01270997). <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with active RA received 25 mg HD203 or ETN subcutaneously twice-weekly with MTX for 48 weeks in a phase III, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group design. The primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving the American College of Rheumatology 20% response (ACR20) at week 24 for per-protocol study completer set (PPS). Secondary end points included ACR response criteria, ACRn, European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) response, change in Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), patient-reported outcomes, safety and immunogenicity. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 294 randomised patients (HD203, n=147; ETN, n=147), 233 comprised the 24-week PPS (n=115 and 118, respectively). ACR20 at week 24 was achieved by 83.48% and 81.36% of PPS patients, respectively, demonstrating equivalent efficacy within predefined margins of ±20% (treatment difference 2.12%, 95% CI −7.65% to 11.89%). Outcomes for secondary end points were consistent with the primary efficacy findings. Groups were comparable for overall incidences of treatment-emergent (all-causality) adverse events (AEs) (HD203 113 (76.9%) vs ETN 114 (78.1%) (p=0.804)), adverse drug reactions, serious AEs and discontinuations due to AEs. Few patients (HD203, n=8; ETN, n=3) tested positive for anti-drug antibodies. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The study met the primary objective of demonstrating equivalent efficacy of HD203 and ETN. HD203 was well tolerated, with safety comparable with ETN in this population of patients with RA. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT01270997; Results.
Electrocardiographic signs of pulmonary hypertension in children who snore.
Authors: A R Wilkinson, M S McCormick, A P Freeland, D Pickering
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Two children presented with sleep disturbances due to enlarged tonsils and adenoids. One child died during induction of anaesthesia, and postmortem examination showed hypertrophy of the right ventricle and atrium. As a result a prospective survey was carried out of children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy, or both. During a nine-month period an electrocardiogram was taken in 92 children. Three electrocardiograms (3.3%) showed evidence of right heart strain. The children with abnormal electrocardiograms had symptoms of sleep disturbance with apnoea, snoring, and daytime somnolence. These symptoms and the electrocardiographic changes were reserved by adenotonsillectomy. The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in children with enlarged tonsils and adenoids is still underestimated. When signs and symptoms of sleep disturbance, particularly snoring, are present an electrocardiogram should be obtained and a cardiologist9s opinion sought before embarking on routine surgery in view of the potentially fatal consequences.
Enrollment of Black Students in Professional and Graduate Study
Authors: Paul R. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To increase the number of black and other minority group students entering the health professions in this and future years, we must realistically evaluate the commitment of monies, time, and individual effort which is necessary. The problems which exist and those which will arise are not to be solved by a statement of philosophy, an agreement of purpose, or even by the righteous indignation of a few individuals. We must over-compensate both for the legacy of history and for the lethargy of the present. We must involve those who are committed and we must increase the sensitivity of those who are not; both within and without the profession. We must delineate and resolve the immediate problems—some therapeutically and some surgically. The therapy will most often be financial, and the surgery will often be without benefit of anesthesia, but even the pain of change may prove to be of value. In
Evidence based paediatrics: Evidence based management of seizures associated with fever
Authors: M. Offringa, V. A Moyer
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Congenital heart defect affects around 10 in a 1000 live born babies. Truncus arteriosus is a rare conotruncal defect in which a common arterial trunk supplies systemic, pulmonary and coronary circulation. The incidence of truncus arteriosus is quoted between 1–2% of all congenital heart malformations. <h3>Aim</h3> To evaluate the initial neonatal management and outcomes of newborns with truncus arteriosus. <h3>Method</h3> We conducted a retrospective review of all newborns with truncus arteriosus admitted to our neonatal unit between 01/04/2009 and 31/03/2019. Data were collected from Badger and Cardiology databases to evaluate the initial neonatal management and long-term outcomes of this cohort of patients. <h3>Results</h3> Sixteen newborns with truncus arteriosus were admitted to our neonatal unit in the last 10 years. Their mean gestational age was 36 weeks with a mean birth weight of 2407 grams. Cardiac defects were detected prenatally in 13 patients (82%). Three babies were diagnosed postnatally. One following failed pulse oximetry screening requiring non-invasive respiratory support and 2 diagnosed following on-going respiratory support on echocardiography. Respiratory support was initiated within the first 24 hours of life in 8 patients; these included all patients with a postnatal diagnosis of truncus arteriosus. Four patients required mechanical ventilation. Whilst in the neonatal intensive care unit, 3 babies developed heart failure and were treated with diuretics and 2 developed necrotising enterocolitis which was managed conservatively. Median length of stay before transfer to our local surgical cardiology centre was 3 days. Fourteen patients (87%) underwent common arterial trunk repair. 11 (78%) babies survived to date. Two patients died in the initial post-operative period and one patient at 14 months of age. The remaining two patients did not receive any surgical intervention and subsequently died (4 and 11 days old). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Truncus arterisus is a rare conotruncal defect with the majority being detected antenatally in our cohort. They are likely to require respiratory support in the neonatal period. Despite the complex nature of their congenital heart disease, their surgical outcomes are good in our cohort of babies. The following information can be used when counselling parents antenatally and managing their expectations.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with CDKN2A deletion have a distinct gene expression signature and a poor prognosis under R-CHOP treatment: a GELA study
Authors: Fabrice Jardin, Jean-Philippe Jais, Thierry-Jo Molina, Françoise Parmentier, Jean-Michel Picquenot, Philippe Ruminy, Hervé Tilly, Christian Bastard, Gilles-André Salles, Pierre Feugier, Catherine Thieblemont, Christian Gisselbrecht, Aurelien de Reynies, Bertrand Coiffier, Corinne Haioun, Karen Leroy
Journal: Blood (2010)
Most of CMAJ editorial board resigns
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Fifteen of the 19 members of the editorial board of the CMAJ , the journal of the Canadian Medical Association (CMA), resigned last week over the firings of senior editors. Another editor has also resigned from the journal.

That left the newly appointed acting editor in chief, Noni MacDonald, the editor emeritus, Bruce Squires, and three part time associate editors (of the original nine) trying to keep Canada's premier medical journal afloat. Scientific papers were said to be piling up at the rate of 25 to 30 a week.

Dr MacDonald announced the resignations in a press release, saying that some previous members of the board had indicated their willingness to serve and that she will announce the creation of a new interim board soon. At the same time she explained in a letter posted on the journal's website (http://www.cmaj.ca/) “why we agreed to step into the breach,” and similarly the remaining three associate editors explained “why we are staying on.”

In her letter Dr MacDonald wrote: “The crux of this interim period is the formation of a governance review …
Posturo-kinetic capacity in the disabled
Authors: Simon Bouisset
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract “Normal movements” in atypical populations address the question of postural control: Voluntary movement is a perturbation of body balance and cannot be executed without a convenient counterperturbation. Despite a change in the postural program in relation to the impairment (Parkinson's disease, paraplegia), the performance level is decreased. Movements are not “normal,” owing to a reduction in posturokinetic capacity.
Breast cancer: origins and evolution
Authors: Kornelia Polyak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Breast cancer is not a single disease, but rather is composed of distinct subtypes associated with different clinical outcomes. Understanding this heterogeneity is key for the development of targeted cancer-preventative and -therapeutic interventions. Current models explaining inter- and intratumoral diversity are the cancer stem cell and the clonal evolution hypotheses. Although tumor initiation and progression are predominantly driven by acquired genetic alterations, recent data implicate a role for microenvironmental and epigenetic changes as well. Comprehensive unbiased studies of tumors and patient populations have significantly advanced our molecular understanding of breast cancer, but translating these findings into clinical practice remains a challenge.
Origins of the Pernkopf Anatomy Atlas-Reply
Authors: William E. Seidelman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Since the publication of our letters in<i>JAMA</i>concerning the controversy surrounding the Nazi origins of<i>Pernkopf Anatomy</i>, there has been significant worldwide response to the bioethical issues raised. The letters by Dr Weissmann and Mr Cutler reflect the opinions of many supporting investigations of the origins of Pernkopf's work and the memorialization of the victims of Nazi terror in a preface to the atlas. Weissmann's publication of a decade ago exposed Pernkopf as an ardent Nazi whose words and actions promulgated racial hygiene in the faculty of medicine at the University of Vienna from 1938 to 1945.<sup>1</sup>In spite of this, the atlas, stripped of most of the original Nazi icons, has contiuned to be published in Pernkopf's name and used by medical students, surgeons, and anatomists without any knowledge of Pernkopf's background or the controversy concerning the origins of the cadavers. As a result, persons using the
Improved early morbidity and mortality after Fontan operation: The mayo clinic experience, 1987 to 1992
Authors: Frank Cetta, Robert H. Feldt, Patrick W. O'Leary, Douglas D. Mair, Carole A. Warnes, David J. Driscoll, Donald J. Hagler, Co-Burn J. Porter, Kenneth P. Offord, Hartzell V. Schaff, Francisco J. Puga, Gordon K. Danielson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
THE EFFECT OF CRUDE PREPARATIONS OF VACCINIA ON MITOSIS AND DNA SYNTHESIS OF KB CELLS
Authors: Jadwiga Koziorowska, Krzysztof Włodarski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

A morphologic study has been made on KB cells infected with various doses of vaccinia as to DNA synthesis and mitosis. Determination of mitotic indices revealed that the mitotic cell pool depended on the proportion of infected cells and the time after infection. By cytologic examination neither mitotic lesions were found nor an accumulation of mitotic cells at any one stage of mitosis was demonstrated. Radioautographs of infected cultures have shown that the frequency of cells labeled over nuclei was significantly increased as compared with control cultures. Following the greatest dose of virus (multiplicity of 20 PFU/cell) the ratio of cells synthesizing DNA to mitotic cells increased from 45:5 at 5 hr to 50:0 at 50 hr. Concommittant with the appearance of this disparity between the DNA-synthesizing cell pool and mitotic cell pool the nuclei of cells became "lightly" labeled. Following the lowest dose of virus (multiplicity of 0.0002 PFU/cell) the increase of the fraction of mitotic cells was proportional to the increase of the fraction of cells which were labeled over nuclei.
Adrenergic blockade alters glucose kinetics during exercise in insulin-dependent diabetics.
Authors: D C Simonson, V Koivisto, R S Sherwin, E Ferrannini, R Hendler, A Juhlin-Dannfelt, R A DeFronzo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

We investigated the effects of alpha and/or beta adrenergic blockade (with phentolamine and/or propranolol) on glucose homeostasis during exercise in six normal subjects and in seven Type I diabetic subjects. The diabetics received a low dose insulin infusion (0.07 mU/kg X min) designed to maintain plasma glucose at approximately 150 mg/dl. In normals, neither alpha, beta, nor combined alpha and beta adrenergic blockade altered glucose production, glucose uptake, or plasma glucose concentration during exercise. In diabetics, exercise alone produced a decline in glucose concentration from 144 to 116 mg/dl. This was due to a slightly diminished rise in hepatic glucose production in association with a normal increase in glucose uptake. When exercise was performed during beta adrenergic blockade, the decline in plasma glucose was accentuated. An exogenous glucose infusion (2.58 mg/kg X min) was required to prevent glucose levels from falling below 90 mg/dl. The effect of beta blockade was accounted for by a blunted rise in hepatic glucose production and an augmented rise in glucose utilization. These alterations were unrelated to changes in plasma insulin and glucagon levels, which were similar in the presence and absence of propranolol. In contrast, when the diabetics exercised during alpha adrenergic blockade, plasma glucose concentration rose from 150 to 164 mg/dl. This was due to a significant increase in hepatic glucose production and a small decline in exercise-induced glucose utilization. These alterations also could not be explained by differences in insulin and glucagon levels. We conclude that the glucose homeostatic response to exercise in insulin-dependent diabetics, in contrast to healthy controls, is critically dependent on the adrenergic nervous system.
"Clearing house" is needed to match available junior doctors to unfilled SHO posts
Authors: P Leman, F Little, A Duby, D J Williams
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—We wish to report a recent unexpected experience in recruitment of senior house officers. A single post as senior house officer in the accident and emergency department of St Thomas's Hospital, a teaching hospital in London, was advertised in the BMJ on 28 June 1997, the appointment to start just five weeks later. Within the subsequent 10 days 233 applications were received. Only four other posts as senior house officer in accident and emergency were advertised in the same edition of the journal, …
Evaluation of nasal prongs for estimating nasal flow.
Authors: J M Montserrat, R Farré, E Ballester, M A Felez, M Pastó, D Navajas
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Nasal prongs (NP) connected to a pressure transducer have been suggested as a useful alternative for measuring nasal flow in sleep apnea/hypopnea patients. However, flow measured with NP is expected to be nonlinear. The aim of the present study was to analyze and correct the nonlinearity of nasal flow measurements with NP (VNP). Nasal flow was simultaneously measured with a pneumotachograph (PNT; V) and (NP; VNP) in six healthy subjects during 60 s of breathing at different tidal volumes. Nonlinearity of VNP was assessed by fitting separately, for inspiration and expiration, a Rorher-model equation (VNP x K1 x V + K2 x V2). In addition, we fitted the data to a simpler nonlinear quadratic model (P = K x V2). The main findings were: (1) an excellent fit of the Rorher equation to measured data in all cases; (2) although differences in the Rorher equation coefficients between inspiration and expiration were observed, they were not statistically significant; (3) a substantial intersubject variability was found; and finally, (4) the square root of VNP acceptably fitted the nasal flow data measured by PNT (V) in most cases. We conclude that in order to quantitatively assess nasal flow with NP, data should be corrected for their nonlinear pressure-flow relationships and, that the square root of the flow signal measured with NP is the simplest method of correcting for the observed nonlinearity.
C(−260)→T polymorphism in the promoter of CD14 receptor gene is associated with the risk of acute coronary events in patients with angina pectoris
Authors: Ramon Arroyo-Espliguero, Eugenia Vazquez-Rey, Khaled El-Sharnouby, Kamini Kalidas, Juan R. Gimeno-Blanes, Della Cole, Steve Jeffery, Juan C. Kaski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Nuclear Receptors in Liver Disease Δ
Authors: Martin Wagner, Gernot Zollner, Michael Trauner
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcriptional regulators of several key aspects of hepatic physiology and pathophysiology. As such, nuclear receptors control a large variety of metabolic processes including hepatic lipid metabolism, drug disposition, bile acid homeostasis, as well as liver regeneration, inflammation, fibrosis, cell differentiation, and tumor formation. Derangements of nuclear receptor regulation and genetic variants may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of liver diseases. This places nuclear receptors into the frontline for novel therapeutic approaches for a broad range of hepatic disorders and diseases including cholestatic and fatty liver disease, drug hepatotoxicity, viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and cancer. (Hepatology 2011;.)