tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Study on cellular events in postthymectomy autoimmune oophoritis in mice. I. Requirement of Lyt-1 effector cells for oocytes damage after adoptive transfer.
Authors: S Sakaguchi, T Takahashi, Y Nishizuka
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Neonatal thymectomy during the critical period, 2-4 d after birth, can induce various organ-specific autoimmune diseases including oophoritis in A/J mice. The oophoritis thus induced was passively transferred into neonatal mice by injection of spleen cells obtained from syngeneic donors with the disease. Recipient ovaries were rapidly damaged with remarkable mononuclear cell infiltration and destruction of follicular structures. The phenotype of effector cells responsible for successful adoptive transfer was found to be Thy-1+, Lyt-1+,23-, Ia-, Qa-1-, and was sensitive to antithymocyte serum treatment but resistant to cyclophosphamide treatment or in vitro X-ray irradiation. The compatibility between donor and recipient at the major histocompatibility complex was not required for the effector phase of transfer. The oophoritis induced in BALB/c (nu/+ or +/+) was also shown to be transferred into athymic BALB/c nude mice with resulting ovarian lesion and circulating autoantibodies against oocytes. In this transfer system, the effector cells were also demonstrated to be T cells with the Lyt-1+,23- phenotype. Adoptive transfer experiments in both systems revealed that the destruction of ovaries in postthymectomy autoimmune oophoritis was mediated by Lyt-1 T cells. Whether these T cells can be distinguished from other Lyt-1 cells, such as T helper cells and effector T cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), is not clear at present, but the results suggest that the effector mechanisms may be closely related to a DTH reaction.
A FATAL CASE OF STATUS LYMPHATICUS
Authors: H. Hilliard
Journal: BMJ (1908)

JAN 25, 7190& there is that terrible " white syncope " at the onset, from which recovery rarely occurs, there should be no hesitation in performing direct cardiac massage.He goes on to say that if we have to deal with "blue syncope" artificial respiration and all the usual means of resuscitation should be tried, but If, after five or six minutes of useless efforts, not a single pulsating or respiratory movement occurs, subdiaphragmatic massage should be done without delay.In patients of the type we are dealing with, however, it is advisable greatly to shorten the period of five or six minutes devoted to useless effort.In -dealing with a case I regarded as typical, I should feel inclined to advise.cardiac massage within one or two minutes of the onset of syncope.For notes of one of the-cases of death after anaesthesia I am Indebted to, Dr. Tangye, House-Physician to the Children's Hospital, Birmingham.I wish to acknowledge the use oUseveral abstracts which have, appeared in the Toursal of the American Medical Asjociation during the last two years.Appended is the bibliography I have-used, which is by no means complete and is not altogether confined to the anaesthetic aspect of the subject.
E: A Third Hepatitis B Antigen?
Authors: Vincent J. McAuliffe, Robert H. Purcell, George L. Le Bouvier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Since the discovery of the Australia antigen and its specific association with Type B hepatitis, the factors involved in the immune response to this viral infection have become increasingly complex. The complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) is now believed to be the 43-nm "Dane" particle, composed of a 27-nm core (hepatitis B core antigen, HBc Ag) and a 7-nm to 8-nm antigenically distinct coat (hepatitis B surface antigen, HBs Ag). HBs Ag reactivity also characterizes the much more numerous 22-nm-diameter spherical and tubular particles, which appear to represent excess virus coat material released from HBV-infected liver cells. . . .
Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer: Correlation to Bone Marrow Micrometastases, Heterogeneous Response to Systemic Therapy and Low Proliferative Activity
Authors: Volkmar Müller, Nicole Stahmann, Sabine Riethdorf, Thomas Rau, Tanja Zabel, Alexander Goetz, Fritz Jänicke, Klaus Pantel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: The incidence and biological characteristics of circulating tumor cells in the blood of patients with breast cancer were examined and subgroups were evaluated in the context of systemic treatment and the presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. Experimental Design: Circulating tumor cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer using a gradient system designed for the enrichment of circulating tumor cells (OncoQuick). Circulating tumor cells were identified with the anti-cytokeratin antibody, A45-B/B3. In subsets of patients, expression of the proliferation-associated Ki-67 antigen in circulating tumor cells and the concomitant presence of micrometastases in bone marrow were examined. Results: In patients with primary breast cancer (stage M0), circulating tumor cells were detected in 5 of 60 patients (8.3%) after surgery and before initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy; a positive correlation to the presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow was observed (P = 0.030, n = 53). During the course of adjuvant chemotherapy, repeated analysis of 20 M0 patients revealed the occurrence of circulating tumor cells in 7 of 16 patients that were initially negative. Patients with metastatic disease (stage M1) showed circulating tumor cells in 25 of 63 cases (39.7%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001 as compared with M0 patients), and a positive finding was correlated with elevated concentrations of the serum tumor marker CA15.3 (P = 0.0093). Performing repeated analysis in a subgroup of 25 M1 patients, circulating tumor cells were found more frequently in patients with progressive disease than in patients with stable disease or remission (87.5% versus 43.8% of patients with circulating tumor cells, respectively; P = 0.047). Independent of the disease-stage, none of the 47 patients examined for the proliferative status of their circulating tumor cells showed coexpression of Ki-67. Conclusions: Circulating tumor cells seem to be nonproliferating cells that persist during chemotherapy. Circulating tumor cell detection is linked to disease progression and elevated tumor marker concentrations in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Glucagon-like Peptide-1(7–36) Amide Stimulates Surfactant Secretion in Human Type II Pneumocytes
Authors: ELENA VARA, JAVIER ARIAS-DÍAZ, CRUZ GARCIA, JOSÉ LUIS BALIBREA, ENRIQUE BLÁZQUEZ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

To determine the influence of glucagon-like peptides on the secretion of human pulmonary surfactant, we used human type II pneumocytes. In these cells, GLP-1(7–36) amide and exendin-4 stimulated phosphatidylcholine secretion (PC) and cAMP formation in a concentration-dependent manner; these effects were reversed by exendin(9–39). No changes were observed with other related peptides. The mechanism by which GLP-1(7–36) amide exerts its stimulatory effect was investigated with various agents that are well known to be stimulators or inhibitors of PC secretion. Thus, 8-bromo-cAMP increased and both Rp-cAMPS and H-89, the latter an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), reduced pulmonary surfactant secretion in type II pneumocytes. Also, GLP-1(7–36) amide and TPA exerted additive effects in stimulating PC secretion, and Calph C, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), blocked most of the effect of GLP-1(7–36) amide. By contrast, both the calcium ionophore A23187 and GLP-1(7–36) amide had additive effects in increasing PC secretion, and the specific inhibitor of Ca2 +–calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (Ca-CM-PK), KN-62, inhibited the effect of A23187 but did not alter the stimulatory action of GLP-1(7–36) amide. Our findings suggest that both PKA and PKC are involved in the stimulatory effects of GLP-1(7–36) amide on PC secretion, whereas this peptide has no effect on PC secretion through a Ca-CM-PK mechanism.
Oral verapamil inhibits platelet thrombus formation in humans.
Authors: L L-Lacoste, J Y Lam, J Hung, D Waters
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Calcium antagonists such as verapamil are potent coronary and systemic vasodilators that are used in the treatment of coronary disease. They have also been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro, but whether they have beneficial antithrombotic effects in humans is unclear, and whether they can potentiate the antithrombotic effects of aspirin is unknown.Platelet thrombus formation and whole blood platelet aggregation were measured in 18 stable coronary patients on three separate occasions: at baseline when receiving no active medications, after 7 days of receiving oral verapamil SR (240 mg/d), and after 7 days of receiving a combination of oral verapamil SR and aspirin (325 mg/d). Thrombus formation on porcine aortic media that were placed into cylindrical flow chambers and exposed to flowing antecubital venous blood for 3 minutes was assessed morphometrically at a shear rate of 2546 s-1, which is typical of arterial flow at sites of stenoses. Thrombus formation under basal conditions was 7.0 +/- 1.6 microns 2, and this was decreased to 3.1 +/- 0.5 microns 2 (P < .05) after 7 days of treatment with oral verapamil SR and to 2.6 +/- 0.5 microns 2 (P < .05) after 7 days of treatment with oral verapamil and aspirin. Whole blood platelet aggregation levels in response to 0.050 and 0.075 U of thrombin at baseline were 10.8 +/- 1.0 and 11.9 +/- 1.0 omega; aggregation was inhibited after 7 days of treatment with verapamil to 6.5 +/- 1.1 and 7.8 +/- 0.9 omega (P < .05 versus baseline) and after 7 days of treatment with verapamil and aspirin to 6.1 +/- 1.1 and 7.2 +/- 1.0 omega (P < .05), respectively.The present study demonstrates that part of the benefit of verapamil in ischemic heart disease may occur by inhibition of platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. This beneficial antithrombotic effect may be important in preventing acute coronary ischemic events resulting from thrombus formation at sites of plaque rupture.
Visits to China
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

For centuries, China was resistant, even impervious, to influences from the Western world. When communications were established, the United States made some notable contributions to Chinese medicine. One of the most remarkable was establishment, under a Rockefeller Foundation trust, of the magnificent medical school and hospital at Peking where many eminent US physicians taught and treated. After World War II, with the ousting of General and Madame Chiang Kai-shek's nationalist party by the communist forces of Mao Tse-tung and Chou En-lai, relations ceased between the newly established People's Republic of China and the United States. However, during recent years, exchanges between the two nations have been resumed and have begun with visits abroad by US physicians, who reported favorably on what they observed in the Far East. One of the most recent visits, to be reported in the<i>Archives of Internal Medicine</i>,<sup>1</sup>resulted in an astounding sequence of events.
HbF reactivation in sibling BFU-E colonies: synergistic interaction of kit ligand with low-dose dexamethasone
Authors: Marco Gabbianelli, Ugo Testa, Adriana Massa, Ornella Morsilli, Ernestina Saulle, Nadia Maria Sposi, Eleonora Petrucci, Gualtiero Mariani, Cesare Peschle
Journal: Blood (2003)
Abstract 4469: Antitumor activity of a single small molecule agent targeting Pi3K/mTor and HDAC
Authors: Rudi Bao, Cheng-Jung Lai, Dagong Wang, Hui Qu, Ling Yin, Brian Zifcak, Xu Tao, Jing Wang, Hai-Xiao Zhai, Guang-Xin Xu, Mylissa Borek, Ruzanna Atoyan, Maria Samson, Jeffrey Forrester, Steven Dellarocca, Xiong Cai, Changgeng Qian
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression. Inhibition of this pathway has been investigated extensively as cancer therapy recently. However, primary or acquired resistance may present a major challenge to the success of inhibitors targeting this pathway due to the existence of redundant and compensatory pathways in cancer cells. In an effort to enhance anti-tumor activity and overcome these limitations, we have developed small-molecule compounds that are able to simultaneously inhibit both PI3K/mTOR and HDAC based on the rationale of synergistic effects of inhibition of these molecule targets in cancer cells. The lead compound exhibits potent inhibition of Pi3K subtypes and mTOR as well as HDAC. In cell proliferation assays, this compound displays potent anti-proliferation activity in cell lines from a variety of tumor types, including those cell lines with genetic mutations responsible for resistance to Pi3K inhibitors. In contrast to single-target PI3K inhibitors or PI3K/mTor dual inhibitors, this compound is able to simultaneously suppress both the Pi3K-Akt-mTOR and the MAPK signaling pathway due to epigenetic modifications via HDAC inhibition. This compound has a half-life of more than 10 hours in murine tumors, induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation up to 48 hours following a single dose of the compound to tumor bearing animals. Efficacy studies in various tumor xenografts indicate that this compound has more potent antitumor activity than a leading Pi3K inhibitor and a dual Pi3K/mTor inhibitor, both of which are in clinical development, at doses causing no obvious side-effects to the tumor-bearing animals. This compound is under preclinical toxicology evaluation to support for further development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4469.
The Medical Review Article: State of the Science
Authors: CYNTHIA D. MULROW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Fifty reviews published during June 1985 to June 1986 in four major medical journals were assessed in a study of the methods of current review articles. Assessments were based on eight explicit criteria adapted from published guidelines for information syntheses. Of the 50 articles, 17 satisfied three of the eight criteria; 32 satisfied four or five criteria; and 1 satisfied six criteria. Most reviews had clearly specified purposes (n = 40) and conclusions (n = 37). Only one had clearly specified methods of identifying, selecting, and validating included information. Qualitative synthesis was often used to integrate information included in the review (n = 43); quantitative synthesis was rarely used (n = 3). Future research directives were mentioned in 21. These results indicate that current medical reviews do not routinely use scientific methods to identify, assess, and synthesize information. The methods used in this systematic assessment of reviews are proposed to improve the quality of future review articles.
Role of the Scavenger Receptor MARCO in Alveolar Macrophage Binding of Unopsonized Environmental Particles
Authors: Aiyappa Palecanda, Joseph Paulauskis, Eiman Al-Mutairi, Amy Imrich, Guozhong Qin, Hiroshi Suzuki, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Karl Tryggvason, Henry Koziel, Lester Kobzik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) avidly bind and ingest unopsonized environmental particles and bacteria through scavenger-type receptors (SRs). AMs from mice with a genetic deletion of the major macrophage SR (types AI and AII; SR−/−) showed no decrease in particle binding compared with SR+/+ mice, suggesting that other SRs are involved. To identify these receptors, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb), PAL-1, that inhibits hamster AM binding of unopsonized particles (TiO2, Fe2O3, and latex beads; 66 ± 5, 77 ± 2, and 85 ± 2% inhibition, respectively, measured by flow cytometry). This antibody identifies a protein of ∼70 kD on the AM surface (immunoprecipitation) that is expressed by AMs and other macrophages in situ. A cDNA clone encoding the mAb PAL-1–reactive protein isolated by means of COS cell expression was found to be 84 and 77% homologous to mouse and human scavenger receptor MARCO mRNA, respectively. Transfection of COS cells with MARCO cDNA conferred mAb-inhibitable TiO2 binding. Hamster MARCO also mediates AM binding of unopsonized bacteria (67 ± 5 and 47 ± 4% inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus binding by mAb PAL-1). A polyclonal antibody to human MARCO identified the expected ∼70-kD band on Western blots of lysates of normal bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells (&amp;gt;90% AMs) and showed strong immunolabeling of human AMs in BAL cytocentrifuge preparations and within lung tissue specimens. In normal mouse AMs, the anti-MARCO mAb ED31 also showed immunoreactivity and inhibited binding of unopsonized particles (e.g., TiO2 ∼40%) and bacteria. The novel function of binding unopsonized environmental dusts and pathogens suggests an important role for MARCO in the lungs' response to inhaled particles.
Non-invasive monitoring of blood volume during hemodialysis: Its relation with post-dialytic dry weight
Authors: Jean-Paul P.M. de Vries, Peter M. Kouw, Nardo J.M. van der Meer, Cees G. Olthof, Liem P. Oe, Ab J.M. Donker, Peter M.J.M. de Vries
Journal: Kidney International (1993)
T Tube and Stone
Authors: William H. Cassebaum
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  When a surgeon has placed a T tube in the common duct and finds a stone in one of the branches of the common duct above the T tube, he has several options.  If the discovery takes place during the operation, he will usually remove the T tube and irrigate through catheters, or reverse a catheter and make suction, or use Fogarty catheters. The first two methods often fail. (We don't know the failure rate for Fogarty catheters.) The point of our discourse is that the simplest way to bring down the stone to the working level in the common duct is to keep the T tube in place, introduce enough saline to fill the system, and then make suction. In this hydraulic system, there is no collapse of the ducts with suction, and therefore the pull is effective in drawing the stone down to the common
From the Outgoing and Incoming Editors-in-Chief
Authors: H. J. Eyre, O. W. Brawley
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2008)

It is with both sadness and gratitude that I write to inform you of my impending retirement as Editor-in-Chief of CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians and as Chief Medical Officer for the American Cancer Society (ACS). The 15 years I have spent on the ACS's national staff and my time as Editor-in-Chief of this distinguished journal have been a truly priceless opportunity, and I am thankful to have been a part of the great accomplishments we have made together in the fight against cancer. By helping you stay up to date with the most important information on cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention through the pages of this journal, I hope I have helped you better care for the patients you serve or better prepare to make the next significant breakthrough in cancer research. Exciting times are ahead for the journal and for the fight against cancer. I am pleased to leave CA in the capable hands of the ACS's new Chief Medical Officer, Otis Webb Brawley, MD. I am confident that Dr. Brawley, a world-renowned expert in health outcomes and a practicing oncologist, will bring insightful leadership and extraordinary expertise to the editorial board of the journal and to the ACS as a whole. Thank you for your continued readership and for your dedication to the fight against this disease. I wish each of you the best as together we continue moving ever closer to victory over cancer. Sincerely, Harmon J. Eyre, MD Outgoing Editor-in-Chief Outgoing Chief Medical Officer, American Cancer Society I am excited and honored to take the reins of CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians and of the ACS's critical medical and scientific work from such an accomplished and respected leader as Dr. Harmon Eyre. We will greatly miss his visionary guidance and wisdom and are thankful for the inspiring progress he helped achieve at CA and with the ACS in the fight against cancer. Although we are beginning a new chapter in the leadership of the journal, we are dedicated to continuing to provide you with ACS guidelines on cancer prevention and early detection, ACS analysis of trends in cancer occurrence and mortality, and practical reviews on all aspects of cancer, including prevention and early detection, treatment of all forms, palliation, advocacy issues, and more. The editorial board and staff at CA are poised to continue the tradition of excellence you saw under Dr. Eyre's leadership, and we look forward to the exciting contributions you will make to the journal in the coming years. We are committed to bringing you the high-quality CA you depend on for the latest in oncology news. I look forward to this new era in the journal's history and to being a part of your commitment to the latest in cancer discovery. Sincerely, Otis Webb Brawley, MD Incoming Editor-in-Chief Incoming Chief Medical Officer, American Cancer Society
Electron Microscopy of Insulin Precipitates
Authors: David S Schade, R Philip Eaton, Judi DeLongo, Linda C Saland, Aaron J Ladman, Gary A Carlson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Morphologic characteristics of insulin precipitates were examined by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Insulin precipitate obtained after 1 wk of in vivo storage in an implanted dog reservoir was compared with insulin precipitate produced in vitro by isoelectric precipitation, acid-freeze-heat precipitation, and motion-induced precipitation. Insulin precipitate produced in vivo had several morphologic forms, with spherical-lamellar structures predominating. In vitro isoelectric precipitated insulin produced microcrystalline material, whereas acid-freeze-heat and motion-induced precipitated insulin were associated with elongated fibrils. The morphologic appearance of the in vivo precipitated insulin was not entirely reproduced by any of the three in vitro methods of insulin precipitation. We conclude that insulin precipitation in vivo is a process that may involve more than one of the known mechanisms by which insulin precipitates in vitro.
Ovariotomy in Paris
Authors: J. S. Gamgee
Journal: BMJ (1864)

distension of vessels of the med-ulla oblongata and pons Varolii.The luoi s were congeited(l: the laryynx and trachea healthy.The blodo( was generally fluid, and somewhat dark in colour.The heart was healthy in structure.T'he right and left ventricles and the right auricle were dlistended with blood, presenting in the rigrht side a fibrinoaLs clot; in the left, a black clot.The fa7eres and suibmorillarl -lands were healthy.The tongue was dry.At the lower part of the pha- 'ynx, the mnueons meIlebrane on each side of the epi- ("lottis was coatedi over w%ith a thin-film of tenacious muictus, not unlike f'alse membrane; anti it was con- sidered that the mermbrane itself was more than usn- ally vascular, andi the mucous follicles enlarged and red.This view was; not accepte( generally, somei of those present at the extamination believing the parts to exhibit nothing abnormal.The trsophagts' was healthy.