tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital-wide Code Rates and Mortality Before and After Implementation of a Rapid Response Team
Authors: Paul S. Chan, Adnan Khalid, Lance S. Longmore, Robert A. Berg, Mikhail Kosiborod, John A. Spertus
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Rapid response teams have been shown in adult inpatients to decrease cardiopulmonary arrest (code) rates outside of the intensive care unit (ICU). Because a primary action of rapid response teams is to transfer patients to the ICU, their ability to reduce hospital-wide code rates and mortality remains unknown.To determine rates of hospital-wide codes and mortality before and after implementation of a long-term rapid response team intervention.A prospective cohort design of adult inpatients admitted between January 1, 2004, and August 31, 2007, at Saint Luke's Hospital, a 404-bed tertiary care academic hospital in Kansas City, Missouri. Rapid response team education and program rollout occurred from September 1 to December 31, 2005. A total of 24 193 patient admissions were evaluated prior to the intervention (January 1, 2004, to August 31, 2005), and 24 978 admissions were evaluated after the intervention (January 1, 2006, to August 31, 2007).Using standard activation criteria, a 3-member rapid response team composed of experienced ICU staff and a respiratory therapist performed the evaluation, treatment, and triage of inpatients with evidence of acute physiological decline.Hospital-wide code rates and mortality, adjusted for preintervention trends.There were a total of 376 rapid response team activations. After rapid response team implementation, mean hospital-wide code rates decreased from 11.2 to 7.5 per 1000 admissions. This was not associated with a reduction in the primary end point of hospital-wide code rates (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.76 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.57-1.01]; P = .06), although lower rates of non-ICU codes were observed (non-ICU AOR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.40-0.89] vs ICU AOR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.64-1.43]; P = .03 for interaction). Similarly, hospital-wide mortality did not differ between the preintervention and postintervention periods (3.22 vs 3.09 per 100 admissions; AOR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.81-1.11]; P = .52). Secondary analyses revealed few instances of rapid response team undertreatment or underuse that may have affected the mortality findings.In this large single-institution study, rapid response team implementation was not associated with reductions in hospital-wide code rates or mortality.
Radiolabeled Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid Peptides to Image Angiogenesis in Swine Model of Hibernating Myocardium
Authors: Lynne L. Johnson, Lorraine Schofield, Tammy Donahay, Mark Bouchard, Athena Poppas, Roland Haubner
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2008)
The Relations between Structural Changes in Small Airways and Pulmonary-Function Tests
Authors: M. Cosio, H. Ghezzo, J. C. Hogg, R. Corbin, M. Loveland, J. Dosman, P. T. Macklem
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To examine the relation between small-airways abnormalities and specific lung functions, we performed pulmonary-function tests in 36 patients, of whom two were nonsmokers, one to three days before open-lung biopsy for localized pulmonary lesions. The primary lesion in the small airways was a progressive inflammatory reaction leading to fibrosis with connective-tissue deposition in the airway walls. Increase in disease in small airways correlated with deterioration in lung function. Lesions could be reliably detected (P less than 0.05) by tests for closing capacity, the volume at which air and helium flow ere equal (a test of airway caliber and elastic recoil), and the slope of phase III of the single-breath washout curve (which tests evenness of ventilation). These tests showed abnormalities at a time when the pathologic changes were still potentially reversible and when other tests were not appreciably changed.
Analysis of a novel VHS107 haplotype in CLA-2 and WSA mice. Evidence for gene conversion among IgVH genes in outbred populations.
Authors: S E Ferguson, M P Cancro, B A Osborne
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Gene conversion has been suggested as the basis for many VH allelic differences, particularly in the murine VHS107 family. Whether conversion among IgVH genes is likely to have occurred in outbred populations has not been directly addressed. The CLA-2/Cn and WSA strains, which were recently and independently derived from a feral population exhibiting low responsiveness to PC, provide the opportunity to approach this question. In previous studies, the heavy chain cDNA sequence of a PC-specific hybridoma derived from CLA-2/Cn suggested gene conversion events within the VHS107 family. Accordingly, we have examined the germline VHS107 genes of CLA-2/Cn and WSA. The results indicate that: (a) The CLA-2 and WSA strains bear an identical but novel VHS107 family haplotype, which lacks a V3 element and contains a V1, a V13, and two V11 genes; (b) low PC responsiveness in these populations is unlikely due to an inability to express the V1 member of the VHS107 gene family; and (c) when compared with the other known VHS107 haplotypes, the proportion of differences consistent with gene conversion greatly exceeds that expected by random base substitution. Thus, gene conversion events appear to have occurred with considerable frequency in the evolution of the murine VHS107 family, especially among the V3, V13, and V11 members.
Ogilvie's Syndrome
Authors: A. M. Abrahams
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Recently a biochemistry experiment was developed to simultaneously capture the chromosomal conformations and DNA methylation levels on single cells. A computational tool to predict single-cell methylation levels based on single-cell Hi-C data becomes necessary due to the availability of this experiment. scHiMe was developed to predict the base-pair-specific methylation levels in the promoter regions genome-wide based on the single-cell Hi-C data and DNA nucleotide sequences using the graph transformer algorithm. Promoter-promoter spatial interaction networks were built based on single-cell Hi-C data, and single-cell DNA methylation levels on 1000 base pairs for each promoter were predicted based on the network topology and DNA sequence. Our evaluation results showed a high consistency between the predicted and the true methylation values. We tested using predicted DNA methylation levels on all promoters to classify cells into different cell types, and our results showed that the predicted DNA methylation levels resulted in almost perfect cell-type classification, which indicated that our predictions maintained the cell-to-cell variability. We also tested using the predicted DNA methylation levels of different subsets of promoters and different subsets of CpGs in promoters to classify cells and provided the promoters and CpGs that were most influential in cell-type clustering. Moreover, we observed slightly better performance for the nodes that have higher degree values in the promoter-promoter spatial interaction network but did not find a similar trend for more significant network influencers. Last but not least, we found that using the predicted methylation levels of only housekeeping genes led to less accurate cell-type clustering, which demonstrated that our methylation predictions fit the biological meanings of housekeeping genes since housekeeping genes usually have constant and similar genetic and epigenetic features among different types of cells. scHiMe is freely available at http://dna.cs.miami.edu/scHiMe/. <h3>Author Summary</h3> DNA methylation is the process of adding methyl groups to the DNA molecule without changing the nucleotide sequence, which can significantly change the activities of the DNA. Although DNA is a one-dimensional long sequence consisting of cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), and thymine (T), it folds into a three-dimensional structure in the nucleus of the cell. Scientists believe that this 3D structure has relationships with the activities of the DNA. This research uses deep learning to predict the DNA methylation status of each cytosine-guanine pair in the promoter regions of all human genes based on the 3D structure of the DNA. This not only adds a useful method to the computational biology field but also proves that 3D genome structure does have a relationship with DNA methylation. Moreover, the 3D genome and the DNA methylation are not based on a population of cells, but on individual cells, which provides a cell-specific perspective that allows the understanding of cell-to-cell variability.
Meningococcal Disease, 1965
Authors: Harry A. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Within the last two years there have been many isolations of sulfonamide-resistant meningococci from military and civilian populations. This probably reflects the current prevalence of groups B and C. There is evidence that these serotypes had varying degrees of resistance more than 20 years ago. There is no good evidence that group-A strains, which usually produce the major epidemics, are resistant to any significant degree. Drugresistant organisms make mass prophylaxis with sulfonamides impossible, but the treatment of individual patients is not affected. This means that for treatment, reliance should be placed primarily upon antibiotics, especially penicillin G.
Recommendations for Desirable Features of Adaptive Diabetes Self-Care Equipment for Visually Impaired Persons
Authors: Ann S Williams
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

The Task Force on Adaptive Diabetes Education for Visually Impaired Persons (ADEVIP) met at Cleveland Sight Center on 23–25 April 1993 for a consensus development meeting (1). This project brought together a multidisciplinary group of professionals who have expertise in working with visually impaired people who have diabetes. Building on the work of the 1988 National Task Force on Diabetes and Vision Impairment, the Task Force on ADEVIP addressed a number of issues that affect diabetes care for people who live with both diabetes and visual impairment. In the U. S., between 15,000 and 39,000 people with diabetes become blind each year (2). One recent estimate was as high as 47,000 (R. Brechner, unpublished observation). With numbers of this magnitude, these concerns are not of trivial significance.
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy in Nonatrial Fibrillation
Authors: Joseph Wiesel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters21 December 1999Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy in Nonatrial FibrillationJoseph Wiesel, MDJoseph Wiesel, MDThe New York Hospital-Medical Center of Queens; Flushing, NY 11355 (Wiesel)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-12-199912210-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Catherwood and colleagues (1) recommend a first attempt at cardioversion from atrial fibrillation without long-term anticoagulation. However, there is no adequate evidence of the safety of this approach. The authors assume that the risk for an embolus if the patient develops recurrent atrial fibrillation is the same as the risk that would be seen if the patient develops chronic atrial fibrillation for an average of 1.5 months. This is unlikely. Many patients who develop new-onset atrial fibrillation have episodes of transient atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Study found that 14 of 26 patients who presented with a new ...References1. Catherwood E, Fitzpatrick WD, Greenberg ML, Holzberger PT, Malenka DJ, Gerling BR, et al . Cost-effectiveness of cardioversion and antiarrhythmic therapy in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:625-36. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lin HJ, Wolf PA, Benjamin EJ, Belanger AJ, D'Agostino RB. Newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation and acute stroke. The Framingham Study. Stroke. 1995;26:1527-30. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of anti-thrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: analysis of pooled data from five randomized, controlled trials. Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Arch Intern Med. 1994; 154:1449-57. Google Scholar4. Laupacis A, Albers G, Dalen J, Dunn MI, Jacobson AK, Singer DE. Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Chest. 1998;114:579S-89S. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joseph Wiesel, MDAffiliations: The New York Hospital-Medical Center of Queens; Flushing, NY 11355 (Wiesel) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCost-Effectiveness of Cardioversion and Antiarrhythmic Therapy in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Edward Catherwood , W. David Fitzpatrick , Mark L. Greenberg , Peter T. Holzberger , David J. Malenka , Barbara R. Gerling , and John D. Birkmeyer Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy in Nonatrial Fibrillation Edward Catherwood and Mark L. Greenberg Metrics 21 December 1999Volume 131, Issue 12Page: 979KeywordsAtrial fibrillationSafetyStroke ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 21 December 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Contaminated Aerosol Recovery from Pulmonary Function Testing Equipment
Authors: TIMOTHY HIEBERT, JANICE MILES, G. C. OKESON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Clinically, the spread of infectious agents between subjects undergoing spirometry is quite uncommon. There is almost no documentation in the medical literature on this subject. We studied the retrieval of nonpathogenic Escherichia coli after aerosolizing organisms into standard pulmonary function tubing of a type that is frequently used by volume-sensing spirometers. The arrival of the aerosol at the distal end of the tubing was documented by culture. After delays of 0, 1, 5, and 10 min, respectively, air was forcibly withdrawn from the proximal end of the tubing through a special petri plate assembly. The plates were cultured and the colonies were counted. Immediately after insufflation of organisms, air withdrawn from the proximal tubing had counts similar to the air sampled at the distal end. After a 1-min delay, the proximal samples contained only rare organisms. No organisms were recovered from proximal air samples after a delay of 5 or 10 min after insufflation of organisms. The absence of detectable aerosolized E. coli after delays of 5 and 10 min after insufflation of organisms into spirometry tubing supports the hypothesis that a significant transfer of aerosolized organisms does not occur during routine pulmonary function testing as long as an interval of 5 min or more is allowed between tests.
Mutations in the cohesin complex in acute myeloid leukemia: clinical and prognostic implications
Authors: Felicitas Thol, Robin Bollin, Marten Gehlhaar, Carolin Walter, Martin Dugas, Karl Josef Suchanek, Aylin Kirchner, Liu Huang, Anuhar Chaturvedi, Martin Wichmann, Lutz Wiehlmann, Rabia Shahswar, Frederik Damm, Gudrun Göhring, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Richard Schlenk, Konstanze Döhner, Hartmut Döhner, Jürgen Krauter, Arnold Ganser, Michael Heuser
Journal: Blood (2013)
Dr. Sims' Perseverance.
Authors: S. E. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1896)

West Union, Iowa, April 24, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the address of Dr. Jelks in ourJournalApril 18, there is clearly a misprint. I think this should be corrected in justice to the memory of Dr. J. Marion Sims. It furnishes stronger proof of the patient perseverance of this truly great man, and evidences his wonderful power to inspire confidence in his patients, as well as all who came in close relation with him. In the eighth line from the bottom of the first column, on page 752, the word "thirteenth" I think should read<i>thirtieth</i>. In 1876, when president of theAmerican Medical Associationin Philadelphia, he reported the tediousness of his efforts to perfect an operation for the cure of vesico-vaginal fistula, and remarked that the young colored woman mounted the operating table hopefully the thirtieth time. On page 52 of the "Report of Columbia Hospital
Growth Hormone for Heart Failure — Cause for Cautious Optimism
Authors: Evan Loh, Judith L. Swain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by left ventricular dilatation, insufficient compensatory hypertrophy of the left ventricle, interstitial fibrosis in the myocardium, and increased stress on the wall of the left ventricle. In this disorder, a fundamental abnormality of the contractile function of the heart leads to progressive ventricular remodeling and symptomatic heart failure. Most therapies are directed at unloading the left ventricle with the use of agents that reduce afterload (i.e., angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors) and that decrease chamber size by reducing volume overload (i.e., diuretics). These approaches do not specifically improve the underlying contractile dysfunction of the myocytes. An alternative therapeutic . . .
THE FACTORS OF SAFETY IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND ANIMAL ECONOMY.
Authors: S. J. MELTZER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The living animal body is like a machine in action. Like a machine, its structures are subject to a variety of stresses and, like a machine, the work is accomplished by an expenditure of energy derived from a supply of fuel. I intend to discuss in this lecture whether, as in the human made machines, the structures and functions of the animal mechanism are provided with factors of safety. The term "factor of safety" is employed in engineering to designate the margin of safety required in the building of engines, bridges, houses, etc. For instance, in designing a boiler, if the tensile strength of the steel of which the plates and stay-bolts are made is 60,000 pounds per square inch, the actual stress which is allowed for the work of the boiler should not be more than 10,000 pounds per square inch for the plate and not more than 6,000
CD4+ T-cell death induced by infectious and noninfectious HIV-1: role of type 1 interferon-dependent, TRAIL/DR5-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Jean-Philippe Herbeuval, Jean-Charles Grivel, Adriano Boasso, Andrew W. Hardy, Claire Chougnet, Matthew J. Dolan, Hideo Yagita, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Gene M. Shearer
Journal: Blood (2005)
Kynurenine is an endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced during inflammation
Authors: Yutang Wang, Hanzhong Liu, Gavin McKenzie, Paul K Witting, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Michael Hahn, Dechaboon Changsirivathanathamrong, Ben J Wu, Helen J Ball, Shane R Thomas, Vimal Kapoor, David S Celermajer, Andrew L Mellor, John F Keaney, Nicholas H Hunt, Roland Stocker
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Thiazolidinediones repress ob gene expression in rodents via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
Authors: P De Vos, A M Lefebvre, S G Miller, M Guerre-Millo, K Wong, R Saladin, L G Hamann, B Staels, M R Briggs, J Auwerx
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The ob gene product, leptin, is a signaling factor regulating body weight and energy balance. ob gene expression in rodents is increased in obesity and is regulated by feeding patterns and hormones, such as insulin and glucocorticoids. In humans with gross obesity, ob mRNA levels are higher, but other modulators of human ob expression are unknown. In view of the importance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in adipocyte differentiation, we analyzed whether ob gene expression is subject to regulation by factors activating PPARs. Treatment of rats with the PPARalpha activator fenofibrate did not change adipose tissue and body weight and had no significant effect on ob mRNA levels. However, administration of the thiazolidinedione BRL49653, a PPARgamma ligand, increased food intake and adipose tissue weight while reducing ob mRNA levels in rats in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory action of the thiazolidinedione BRL49653 on ob mRNA levels was also observed in vitro. Thiazolidinediones reduced the expression of the human ob promoter in primary adipocytes, however, in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes lacking endogenous PPARgamma, cotransfection of PPARgamma was required to observe the decrease. In conclusion, these data suggest that PPARgamma activators reduce ob mRNA levels through an effect of PPARgamma on the ob promoter.
Lymphatic release of cytokines during acute lung injury complicating severe pancreatitis.
Authors: P Montravers, S Chollet-Martin, J P Marmuse, M A Gougerot-Pocidalo, J M Desmonts
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

In severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), the mechanisms leading to adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are usually attributed to the release of active enzymes and vasoactive substances from the pancreas. Thoracic duct drainage has been proposed as a means of removing the portion of these substances that drain through retroperitoneal lymphatics before they reach the systemic circulation. This technique was used in six patients with ARDS complicating SAP. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF alpha], interleukin-1 [IL-1], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]), neutrophil enzymes (myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin), and pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase and trypsin) were measured in plasma and lymph in the first 24 h of ARDS and then on Day 2, Day 4, and at the end of the drainage (Day 8). High plasma concentrations of these products were measured. A moderate lymph-to-plasma gradient was observed for IL-6, lipase, and trypsin, while similar levels in plasma and lymph were recorded for the other substances. Plasma levels of pancreatic enzymes were weakly correlated with the lung injury score and lymph level of cytokines. These results suggest that in patients with ARDS due to SAP, cytokines as well as pancreatic enzymes could contribute to the development of the lung injury, and that lymphatics are potential vectors of these mediators.
The Reliability of the L. E. Test
Authors: John R. Walsh, Richard L. Egan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

IN JANUARY, 1948, Hargraves, Richmond and Morton1 announced the discovery of a cell in bone-marrow preparations from patients with disseminated lupus erythematosus that they called the L. E. cell. It was soon demonstrated that the factor producing this phenomenon was in the plasma.2 3 4 When plasma from patients with disseminated lupus erythematosus is added to normal bone marrow the L. E. cell appears. Further studies identified gamma globulin as the fraction of the plasma responsible for this phenomenon.5 From these experiments the L. E. plasma test evolved and has been widely used in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.If the . . .
Duplicate publication, redundant publication, and disclosure of closely related publications
Authors: J. BRITTON, A. J KNOX
Journal: Thorax (1999)

We have recently become aware of two cases of publication of closely related data in papers submitted concurrently to Thorax and to another journal, without disclosure of the existence of the related paper. One of these concerns papers by Girault et al 1 2 and relates to a study of two forms of assisted ventilation in which the data published in Thorax 1represent part of a study also published in Chest .2 In the review process of the Thorax paper, which dealt with characteristics of assist control ventilation …