tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of contact allergy in adults
Authors: T. Schäfer, E. Böhler, S. Ruhdorfer, L. Weigl, D. Wessner, B. Filipiak, H. E. Wichmann, J. Ring
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of contact sensitization in the general population and to investigate associations with important sociodemographic and medical characteristics. Methods: Within a population‐based nested, case‐control study in Germany, we performed patch tests with 25 standard allergens in 1141 adults (50.4% female, age median 50 years). Additional information was obtained by a dermatologic examination, a standardized interview, and blood analysis. Results: At least one positive reaction was exhibited by 40.0% of the subjects, with reactions most frequently observed to fragrance mix (15.9%), nickel (13.1%), thimerosal (4.7%), and balsam of Peru (3.8%). Women were sensitized more often than men (50.2% vs 29.9%, OR 2.36, CI 1.84–3.03), and this was also significant for fragrance mix, nickel, turpentine, cobalt chloride, and thimerosal. Contact sensitization was more frequent in subjects who reported adverse skin reactions (53.8% vs. 32.6%; OR 2.41, CI 1.85–3.14), and this was particularly true for sensitization to nickel (45.5% vs 8.8%, OR 8.64, CI 5.67–13.17) and fragrance mix (29.0% vs 14.0%, OR 2.51, CI 1.60–3.91) and the corresponding intolerance of fashion jewelry and fragrances. Contact sensitization decreased with increasing degree of occupational training (unskilled 45.9%, apprenticeship 40.1%, technical college 40.4%, and school of engineering 12.5%; P =0.023; trend test P =0.042). Significant associations of contact sensitization and presence of allergen‐specific IgE antibodies, atopic eczema, or psoriasis were not observed. Frequency estimates for the general adult population based on these findings were 28.0% for overall contact sensitization and 11.4% for fragrance mix, 9.9% for nickel, and 3.2% for thimerosal. Conclusions: It is concluded that contact allergy is influenced by sociodemographic parameters and plays an important role in the general population.
Studies Question Right Heart Catheterization
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

LIKE MANY technologies, right heart catheterization became established in clinical practice without ever being studied in randomized controlled trials. Physicians often consider data provided by the procedure, in which a catheter is threaded into the heart to provide continuous readings of central venous blood pressure and estimate intravascular volume, to be essential in making treatment decisions. An attempt to conduct a randomized controlled trial in Canada failed because physicians would not submit enough patients for randomization, believing that they already knew when and how to use the procedure. Yet there is wide variation in when and how it is used. Right heart catheterization is performed on more than 1 million patients in the United States each year, at an average cost of $2000 each. Now, however, two studies that controlled for severity of illness are raising questions about possible benefits of the procedure. One study could find no overall benefit
Lucite-Ball Plombage
Authors: D J Mond, A Khan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Figure 1. Lucite-Ball Plombage. Posteroanterior and lateral chest x-ray films (Panel A and Panel B, respectively) were obtained in a 64-year-old woman who was being evaluated for an upper respiratory tract infection. The patient had been treated for tuberculosis 41 years earlier by stripping the parietal pleura from the chest wall and packing the space with inert Lucite balls (arrows). A sample of these balls, each approximately 2.5 cm (1 in.) in diameter (two thirds the size of a Ping-Pong ball), taken post mortem from another patient, is shown in Panel C. The patient has been free of tuberculosis since . . .
Scintigraphic Demonstration of a Mobile Gallbladder
Authors: RICHARD A. BAYLOR, JEFFERY L. HALLETT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A confusing hepatobiliary scan is explained by a mobile gallbladder. The diagnosis is also confirmed by computed tomography scans done 3 months apart. A mobile gallbladder may predispose the patient to torsion or volvulus of the gallbladder, which can present as an acute abdomen.
FIRST USE OF POLYGRAPH AND SPHYGMOGRAPH
Authors: Emmet F. Horine
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —In the correspondence column (The Journal, February 28, p. 697) Dr. A. E. Fossier calls attention to the fact that Sir James Mackenzie did not devise the polygraph, as stated in the London letter (The Journal, February 14, p. 527). It is true, as mentioned in the editorial comment, that Vierordt made the first pulse tracings in 1855, and that Marey devised his sphygmograph in 1860. But Marey also constructed the first polygraph shortly after this, and shows several records in his book published in 1863: Physiologie medicale de la circulation du sang.  Alonzo T. Keyt (1827-1885) of Cincinnati in 1875 devised what he termed a compound sphygmograph for the purpose of recording simultaneous tracings of the apex (maximal impulse) and of an artery. In addition, he embodied a chronograph and emphasized its importance. In his book issued posthumously in 1887 on Sphygmography and Cardiography, more than
General Practice Medicine
Authors: Alford C. Diller
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This second edition of<i>General Practice Medicine</i>will be of value to medical students who are attempting to gain an understanding of family practice as a discipline. It will also be of value to residents in family practice who are learning the discipline, formulating concepts of organizing their practices, and getting a feel for the numbers and types of patients they will be seeing. The book is a well-written overview of family practice in a community setting. Most of the contributors are practicing family physicians who write from personal experience. The satisfaction they derive is evident in their writings. The book will have little use as a resource text for family physicians who have completed their formal training in family practice. By that stage, they will have experienced and mastered what this book is all about. Although there are differences in the way patients are triaged and treated in the
Fortnightly Review: Malaria prophylaxis: guidelines for travellers from Britain
Authors: D. J Bradley, D. C Warhurst
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Summary points</h3> Travellers to malarious areas must avoid mosquito bites, take chemoprophylaxis, and urgently seek early diagnosis and treatment for febrile illness The key to preventing malaria is avoiding infective mosquito bites by using repellents, covering up at night, and sleeping with bednets if mosquitos cannot be excluded from the room Appropriate chemoprophylaxis is essential when travelling to endemic areas—drug resistance is increasing in many areas so recommended regimens have changed Doses and choice of drug may have to be altered in those with concomitant illness Standby treatment may be given to those who will be unable to reach medical services for extended periods No prophylaxis is infallible so all fever and flu-like illnesses occurring within a year of returning from malarious regions need to be urgently investigated with malaria in mind
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation For Immune Dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, X-Linked (IPEX) Syndrome Resolves Enteropathy and Autoimmunity: A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Zeynep Yesim Yesim Kucuk, Jack J.H. Bleesing, Rebecca A. Marsh, Kejian Zhang, Stella Davies, Alexandra H. Filipovich
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Desmoglein 2 is a receptor for adenovirus serotypes 3, 7, 11 and 14
Authors: Hongjie Wang, Zong-Yi Li, Ying Liu, Jonas Persson, Ines Beyer, Thomas Möller, Dilara Koyuncu, Max R Drescher, Robert Strauss, Xiao-Bing Zhang, James K Wahl, Nicole Urban, Charles Drescher, Akseli Hemminki, Pascal Fender, André Lieber
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Long-term Angiographic and Clinical Outcome of Patients Undergoing Multivessel Coronary Stenting
Authors: Issam Moussa, Bernhard Reimers, Jeffrey Moses, Carlo Di Mario, Lucia Di Francesco, Massimo Ferraro, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Randomized clinical trials have shown that multivessel coronary angioplasty is feasible and provides similar long-term survival as bypass surgery in selected patients. However, the higher need for repeat intervention, in particular, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, remains a problem. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that multivessel stenting is safe and effective in reducing the need for repeat interventions, in particular, the need for bypass surgery.Between March 1993 and June 1995, 100 consecutive patients (243 lesions) had multivessel coronary stenting. High-pressure stent optimization was used in all patients. Procedural success was achieved in 97% of lesions; 2 patients (2%) required emergency bypass surgery. Angiographic follow-up was obtained in 89% of patients at 5.2+/-2.5 months. Angiographic restenosis occurred in 22% of the lesions, but 37% of patients had > or = 1 lesion with restenosis. Clinical follow-up was obtained in all patients at 21 +/- 10 months: target lesion revascularization was needed in 30 patients (30%), repeat angioplasty in 28 patients (28%) and coronary bypass surgery in 2 patients (2%); the overall survival rate was 96% (2% noncardiac death).Multivessel coronary stenting can be performed with high success rate and low need for emergency bypass surgery. Compared with historical results with multivessel percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, patients who undergo multivessel stenting need less repeat interventions, in particular, less coronary bypass surgery and have similar long-term survival.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage in hemophilia B following elective surgery
Authors: Maureen G. Conlan, W. Keith Hoots
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Two patients with hemophilia B are described in whom disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) developed following infusion of repeated doses of Factor IX concentrate in the perioperative period. In both cases the surgery was elective, Factor IX survival studies had been done to assure proper dosing, and Factor IX levels were monitored daily. Neither patient had clinically significant liver disease. The DIC manifested itself as excessive blood loss from surgical drains without documented thrombosis and was accompanied by prolonged coagulation times, increased fibrin split products and decreased fibrinogen and platelets. In both patients the process was quickly reversed with administration of fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and the addition of heparin to the Factor IX concentrate. These cases highlight the difficulty in managing patients with hemophilia B undergoing surgical procedures due to the potential thrombogenicity of the currently available concentrates, and the importance of differentiating the bleeding associated with DIC from underdosing with Factor IX. Furthermore, the potential complications associated with the presently available Factor IX concentrates stress the need for the development of purer, safer Factor IX concentrates.
Intensive Therapy With Inhaled Insulin via the AERx Insulin Diabetes Management System
Authors: Kjeld Hermansen, Tapani Rönnemaa, Astrid Heide Petersen, Shannon Bellaire, Ulf Adamson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To compare the glycemic control of inhaled insulin via the AERx insulin diabetes management system (iDMS) with that of subcutaneous (SC) insulin, both combined with NPH insulin at bedtime, in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The AERx iDMS uses a liquid insulin formulation to achieve flexible precise mealtime dosing (with increments corresponding to 1 IU administered subcutaneously) and ensures insulin delivery only when the breathing technique is optimal. This trial in patients with type 2 diabetes compared the glycemic control (HbA1c) achieved by inhaled insulin administered via AERx iDMS with that using SC insulin. This was a randomized, 12-week, open-label, parallel, multicenter, multinational trial in 107 nonsmoking patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 59 years, mean duration of diabetes 11.9 years). Patients were randomized to receive either inhaled fast-acting human insulin via AERx iDMS immediately before meals or SC fast-acting human insulin administered 30 min before meals, both in combination with evening NPH insulin. RESULTS—Baseline and demographic characteristics were similar between the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in HbA1c between the AERx and SC groups after 12 weeks of treatment (7.84 ± 0.77 vs. 7.76 ± 0.77%, P = 0.60). Fasting serum glucose was significantly lower in the AERx group compared with the SC group by the end of the trial (8.9 ± 3.8 vs. 10.8 ± 3.7 mmol/l, P = 0.01) with a similar NPH dose in the two groups (0.23 vs. 0.23 IU/kg, P = 0.93). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the intra-subject variability of fasting or prandial blood glucose increment. Adverse events were similar in the two groups. No major safety concerns were raised during the trial. CONCLUSIONS—In patients with type 2 diabetes, preprandial inhaled insulin via AERx iDMS is as effective as preprandial SC insulin injection in achieving glycemic control with similar tolerability.
Retro-Malleolar Tuberculosis Cured by Tuberculin Administered According to Koch's Method
Authors: R. Carswell
Journal: BMJ (1927)

WHEN the patient whose case is here described first came undei observation he presented a smooth, soft, uniiform, resilieat swelling, aln inch anid a half in diameter, situated betwcei the right internlal malleolus and the heel.The hollows at the sides of the tendo Achillis were filled up, anid there was some fullness along the outer side of the foot.
Racial Differences in Mortality Among Men Hospitalized in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Authors: Ashish K. Jha
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Context Racial disparities in health care delivery and outcomes may be due to differences in health care access and, therefore, may be mitigated in an equal-access health care system.Few studies have examined racial differences in health outcomes in such a system. ObjectiveTo study racial differences in mortality among patients admitted to hospitals in the Veterans Affairs (VA) system, a health care system that potentially offers equal access to care. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCohort study of 28 934 white and 7575 black men admitted to 147 VA hospitals for 1 of 6 common medical diagnoses (pneumonia, angina, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and chronic renal failure) between October 1, 1995, and September 30, 1996. Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality among black compared with white patients.Secondary outcome measures were inhospital mortality and 6-month mortality.Results Overall mortality at 30 days was 4.5% in black patients and 5.8% in white patients (relative risk [RR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.87;P = .001).Mortality was lower among blacks for each of the 6 medical diagnoses.Multivariate adjustment for patient and hospital characteristics had a small effect (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66-0.85;PϽ.001).Black patients also had lower adjusted in-hospital and 6-month mortality.These findings were consistent among all subgroups evaluated.Conclusions Black patients admitted to VA hospitals with common medical diagnoses have lower mortality rates than white patients.The survival advantage of black patients is not readily explained; however, the absence of a survival disadvantage for blacks may reflect the benefits of equal access to health care and the quality of inpatient treatment at VA medical centers.
Noninvasive Assessment of Inspiratory Muscle Function during Exercise
Authors: MAURICE HAYOT, MICHELE RAMONATXO, STEFAN MATECKI, JOSEPH MILIC-EMILI, CHRISTIAN PREFAUT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The use of esophageal and gastric balloons limits measurement of the tension–time index of inspiratory muscles (Tti) during exercise. The aim of this study was to assess whether a noninvasive tension–time index, Tt 0.1, given by P0.1/Pi max × Ti/Ttot (where P0.1 is mouth occlusion pressure, Pi max is maximal inspiratory pressure, and Ti/Ttot is duty cycle) could reliably assess Tti during exercise. In seven healthy young men and nine patients with COPD we measured Tt 0.1 and Tti (i.e., Pes/Pesmax × Ti/Ttot where Pes is mean esophageal pressure and Pesmax is maximal static Pes) at rest and during an incremental exercise test. A significant linear correlation (p < 0.02) was found between Tt 0.1 and Tti in all normal subjects and patients with COPD. An equation for estimating Tti from Tt 0.1 was established for each group. In the normal subjects there was good agreement between estimated and observed data. In five additional normal males studied prospectively, the agreement was also satisfactory and reproducible. In the COPD patients the agreement was poor. In conclusion, in young healthy subjects the changes in Tt 0.1 during exercise reflect the changes in Tti, allowing satisfactory estimation of Tti from noninvasive measurements of Tt 0.1.
TCT-523 Multicenter Registry for Peripheral Arterial Disease Interventions and Outcomes (XLPAD Registry)
Authors: Karan Sarode, Atif Mohammad, Omar F. Hadidi, Rahul Thomas, Thomas M. Das, Jeomi Maduka, Mazen Abu-Fadel, Mirza S. Baig, Osvaldo Gigliotti, Robert Dieter, Thomas T. Tsai, M Ishti Ali, Andrew Klein, Dharam J. Kumbhani, Michael Luna, Nicolas W. Shammas, Anand Prasad, Jeffrey L. Hastings, Tayo Addo, Emmanouil Brilakis, Subhash Banerjee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
THREE DROP METHOD OF DETERMINING HEMOGLOBIN BY THE TALLQVIST SCALE
Authors: R. J. Weidmann
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the Editor:  In working with the Tallqvist hemoglobin scale, I find that by taking three drops of blood about 2 cm. apart, each drop coming under an opening in the scale, one can determine the results of the hemoglobin test much better than by the one drop system, as it affords three scales to read from at once.
Methodological Issues in Diabetes Research: Measuring adherence
Authors: Suzanne Bennett Johnson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

The prevalence of nonadherence in IDDM and NIDDM populations and conceptual and methodological issues relevant to measuring diabetes regimen adherence are reviewed. The prevalence of nonadherence varies across the different components of the diabetes regimen, during the course of the disease, and across the patient's life span. Although prevalence rates might be expected to differ between IDDM and NIDDM populations, this rarely has been evaluated. Conceptual problems in defining and measuring adherence include: the absence of explicit adherence standards against which the patient's behavior can be compared; inadvertent noncompliance attributable to patient-provider miscommunication and patient knowledge/skill deficits; the behavioral complexity of the diabetes regimen; and the confounding of compliance with diabetes control. Methods for measuring adherence include: health status indicators, provider ratings, behavioral observations, permanent products, and patient self-reports, including behavior ratings, diaries, and 24-h recall interviews. A measurement method should be selected on the basis of reliability, validity, nonreactivity, sensitivity to the complexity of diabetes regimen behaviors, and measurement independence from the patient's health status. The timing of measurements should be based on the stability of adherence behaviors and temporal congruity with other measures of interest (e.g., indexes of metabolic control). Directions for future research and suggestions for clinical practice are provided.
Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes and Macrosomic Newborns in a Mexican Population
Authors: Gerardo Forsbach, Jesús J Contreras-Soto, Gerardo Fong, Guillermo Flores, Obdulia Moreno
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Prevalence of gestational diabetes was investigated in 693 pregnant patients between the 24th and 28th wk of gestation. A glucose screening test (GST) was performed with a 50-g glucose load, followed by a blood sample 1 h later. Patients with glucose levels greater than 140 mg/dl 1 h after the GST were scheduled for a full oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). One hundred seven patients had an abnormal GST, and 30 patients (4.3%) were diagnosed as having gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The percentage of GDM increased significantly when glucose levels were greater than 180 mg/dl to a maximum of 84.61% when glucose levels were greater than 200 mg/dl. Also, patient age was directly related to GDM, which increased in incidence to 20% when patients greater than 26 yr had an abnormal GST. After delivery, newborn weights were compared between those born to mothers with GDM (n = 30) and those born to mothers with an abnormal GST (n = 77). Patients with an abnormal GST and normal OGTT had 12 (15.58%) macrosomic and 2 premature newborns. However, patients with GDM had 5 (16.66%) macrosomic and no premature newborns. Patients with a normal GST had 7.33% of the macrosomic newborns. There was no perinatal mortality in newborns of GDM mothers; only 1 of the 5 macrosomic newborns presented transient hypoglycemia. Evaluation of 26 GDM patients was possible after delivery, disclosing 3 (11.53%) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 5 (19.23%) with impaired glucose tolerance. These results showed 4.3% undetected GDM in our population and no differences in the proportion of macrosomic newborns between those born to mothers with GDM and those born to mothers with an abnormal GST.
Method of Vaginal Examination
Authors: John H. Dirckx
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The purpose of this communication is to report what is believed to be a new method for more satisfactory examination of the vagina in certain special circumstances. <h3>Technique:—</h3> The distal end of a sigmoidoscope, with obturator removed, is placed inside an 8-inch transparent plastic sandwich bag (previously immersed in a "catheter solution"), and the neck of the bag is gathered around the instrument and firmly secured with a rubber band about an inch from the distal end. The portion of the bag projecting beyond the end is temporarily tucked inside, and the instrument is lightly lubricated and inserted into the vagina so that the rubber band lies at the hymenal ring. The insufflator is now used to inflate the bag within the vagina. The transparent plastic material balloons out the vaginal mucosa, adhering to its entire surface, smoothing even the deepest corrugations, and rising, with a little
Gastric Herpes Zoster
Authors: P. E. Fitzpatrick
Journal: BMJ (1948)

of G.D.O.s to the Services.The Medical Women's Federation wishes again to express its opinion that the newly qualified women doctors ought to take their share of the burden, and that they would provide a not inconsiderable contribution to the requirement.It is understood that a recommendation on these lines has been made by the Services Committee of the Central Medical War Committee to the Medical Priority Committee.This would involve legislation to render women doctors liable to National Service, but the principle at stake is so important and the immediate need so urgent that the Federation does not feel that this is an insuperable difficulty.