tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Cardiac Sarcoidosis Through Mismatched Defects Seen on N-13 NH3/F-18 FDG Cardiac PET
Authors: Stuart Chen, Sabahat Bokhari
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A 52-year-old man with asymptomatic pulmonary sarcoidosis was referred for fatigue and lightheadedness culminating in syncope. He underwent right heart catheterization with endomyocardial biopsy that did not show evidence of sarcoidosis or other infiltrative disease. Subsequent cardiac N-13 NH3 and F-18 FDG PET revealed perfusion-metabolism mismatched defects, defined as areas of increased metabolism and concurrent decreased perfusion, in the anterior and inferior cardiac walls. He was diagnosed with active cardiac sarcoidosis and initiated on high-dose corticosteroids with significant improvement in symptoms.
Requirement of Lyn and Syk tyrosine kinases for the prevention of apoptosis by cytokines in human eosinophils.
Authors: S Yousefi, D C Hoessli, K Blaser, G B Mills, H U Simon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

In allergic diseases, the cytokines interleukin (IL)5 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are upregulated and have been proposed to cause blood and tissue eosinophilia by inhibition of eosinophil apoptosis. We demonstrate herein, in freshly isolated human eosinophils, that the IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF receptor beta subunit interacts with cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases to induce phosphorylation of several cellular substrates, including the beta subunit itself. The Lyn and Syk intracellular tyrosine kinases constitutively associate at a low level with the IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF receptor beta subunit in human eosinophils. Stimulation with GM-CSF or IL-5 results in a rapid and transient increase in the amount of Lyn and Syk associated with the IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF receptor beta subunit. Lyn is required for optimal tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Syk. In contrast, Syk is not required for optimal tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Lyn. These data suggest that Lyn is proximal to Syk in a tyrosine kinase cascade that transduces IL-3, IL-5, or GM-CSF signals. Compatible with this model, both Lyn and Syk are essential for the activation of the antiapoptotic pathway(s) induced through the IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF receptor beta subunit in human eosinophils.
Rare gastric glomus tumor causing upper gastrointestinal bleeding, with review of the endoscopic ultrasound features
Authors: K. Chou, C. Yang, H. Yen
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 54-year-old woman was referred for endoscopic examination because of an episode of tarry stool. Her medical history was significant for chronic renal failure, for which she was receiving peritoneal dialysis. Upper endoscopy disclosed an ulcerative tumor in the gastric antrum ([Fig. 1]). The first biopsy from the ulcer displayed chronic inflammation. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan disclosed an hyperintense, homogeneously enhancing tumor ([Fig. 2]). Abdominal ultrasound showed a hypervascular tumor ([Fig. 3]) and endoscopic ultrasound disclosed a 3-cm, well-defined, hyperechoic tumor with a calcified spot ([Fig. 4]). As the first endoscopic biopsy specimen examination was inconclusive, we carried out another biopsy and a definitive diagnosis of glomus tumor was made. The patient was referred to the surgical department for further treatment.
Changes in diastolic function during development and correction of chronic LV volume overload produced by mitral regurgitation.
Authors: M R Zile, M Tomita, K Ishihara, K Nakano, J Lindroth, F Spinale, M Swindle, B A Carabello
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Mitral regurgitation (MR) causes an augmentation in left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, increasing early diastolic filling rate and decreasing LV stiffness. Whether these changes in diastolic function persist, return to normal, or become abnormal after mitral valve replacement (MVR) is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Simultaneous LV echocardiography and catheterization studies were performed in six dogs in the baseline state (baseline), 3 months after creation of MR (chronic MR), and 3 months after MVR. Chronic MR caused LV dilation (end-diastolic dimension increased from 4.5 +/- 0.1 cm in baseline to 5.8 +/- 0.1 cm in chronic MR, p &lt; 0.05) and eccentric LV hypertrophy (LV-to-body weight ratio increased from 3.6 +/- 0.2 g/kg in baseline to 4.9 +/- 0.4 g/kg in chronic MR, p &lt; 0.05). Chronic MR caused an increase in LV early diastolic filling rate (peak rate of increase in minor-axis dimension increased from 11 +/- 1 cm/sec in baseline to 18 +/- 1 cm/sec in chronic MR, p &lt; 0.05), did not change the time constant of myocardial relaxation (tau was 31 +/- 4 msec in baseline and 30 +/- 2 msec in chronic MR), and caused a decrease in the modulus of regional chamber stiffness from 7.7 +/- 1.2 in baseline to 2.4 +/- 0.03 in chronic MR, p &lt; 0.05. MVR caused the resolution of LV dilation (end-diastolic dimension returned to normal [4.8 +/- 0.2 cm]), but three months after MVR, regression of LV hypertrophy was incomplete (LV-to-body weight ratio remained elevated [4.4 +/- 0.5 g/kg]). After MVR, LV early diastolic filling rate (8 +/- 1 cm/sec), the relaxation time constant (31 +/- 2 msec), chamber stiffness (7.1 +/- 1.8), myocardial stiffness (11.2 +/- 3.1), and LV end-diastolic pressure (8 +/- 1 mm Hg) returned to normal. CONCLUSIONS The enhanced diastolic function seen in chronic MR returned to normal after correction of the chronic volume overload by MVR.
A RAS Renaissance: Emerging Targeted Therapies for KRAS-Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Neil Vasan, Julie L. Boyer, Roy S. Herbst
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Of the numerous oncogenes implicated in human cancer, the most common and perhaps the most elusive to target pharmacologically is RAS. Since the discovery of RAS in the 1960s, numerous studies have elucidated the mechanism of activity, regulation, and intracellular trafficking of the RAS gene products, and of its regulatory pathways. These pathways yielded druggable targets, such as farnesyltransferase, during the 1980s to 1990s. Unfortunately, early clinical trials investigating farnesyltransferase inhibitors yielded disappointing results, and subsequent interest by pharmaceutical companies in targeting RAS waned. However, recent advances including the identification of novel regulatory enzymes (e.g., Rce1, Icmt, Pdeδ), siRNA-based synthetic lethality screens, and fragment-based small-molecule screens, have resulted in a "Ras renaissance," signified by new Ras and Ras pathway-targeted therapies that have led to new clinical trials of patients with Ras-driven cancers. This review gives an overview of KRas signaling pathways with an emphasis on novel targets and targeted therapies, using non-small cell lung cancer as a case example.
Class I and Class Ii Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigen Expression on Hepatocytes: A Study in Children With Liver Disease
Authors: Ava Lobo-Yeo, Giorgio Senaldi, Bernard Portmann, Alex P. Mowat, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Diego Vergani
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Controversy exists regarding major histocompatibility complex antigen expression on hepatocytes. In this study, hepatocyte expression of class I and II major histocompatibility complex antigens was investigated in diseased and normal livers, using indirect immunofluorescent staining of mechanically isolated, viable hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were obtained from 76 children: 10 with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, nine with primary sclerosing cholangitis, nine with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, five after liver transplantation, 19 with extrahepatic biliary atresia, 11 with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, four with idiopathic neonatal hepatitis and nine with histologically normal liver. Immunohistochemistry was performed in all cases; flow cytofluorimetry was performed for class I antigens in 38 cases and performed for class II antigens in 18 cases. From three children with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and two with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, isolated hepatocytes were also incubated with gamma-interferon before staining and analysis. By fluorescence microscopy, class I antigens were detected on hepatocytes from all children, the highest percentage (100%) of positive cells and the most intense staining were observed in untreated patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis and in those with acute rejection of a liver transplant. Reduced class I antigen expression occurred in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Class II antigens were only detected on hepatocytes from eight patients: three with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and five with primary sclerosing cholangitis, all untreated. Flow cytofluorimetric analysis confirmed the results obtained by fluorescence microscopy, but it also demonstrated a weak class II antigen expression during liver allograft rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
FGFR3 Mutations and a Normal CK20 Staining Pattern Define Low-Grade Noninvasive Urothelial Bladder Tumours
Authors: Johanna M.M. van Oers, Peter J. Wild, Maximilian Burger, Stefan Denzinger, Robert Stoehr, Elke Rosskopf, Ferdinand Hofstaedter, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Monika Klinkhammer-Schalke, Ellen C. Zwarthoff, Theodorus H. van der Kwast, Arndt Hartmann
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Spellbound by CO <sub>2</sub>
Authors: Fionnuala Crummy, Matthew T Naughton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

We have observed various spellings of words to describe carbon dioxide blood concentrations at scientific meetings, in textbooks, and in the published scientific literature (that is, with the suffix “capnia,” “capnoea,” or “capnea”). According to Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary , the correct suffix describing CO2 levels is “capnia,” derived from the Greek noun for smoke (kapnos). In …
Status of Research Funded by the American Diabetes Association: Year 2
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

In the Presidential Address in June of 1998 (1), I proudly announced that the recently adopted Five Year Plan of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) contained the goal of allocating one of every three dollars of total public support to research awards and grants by the end of five years. I pledged …
Penetrating abdominal wound caused by a firework.
Authors: M S Shakil, J E Smith
Journal: BMJ (1987)

% Of patients 30 20 10 0 70 Patients with 60 Graves' disease (n=24) 50 % Of patients 40 30 70 Patients with endocrine 60 ophthalmopathy 50 (n=12) 40 % Of patients 30 20 10 0 0 1-9 10-19 20-29 330 Tobacco consumption (pack years) Relative distribution of total tobacco consumption in all subjects studied.Pack years were calculated as average daily consumption of cigarettes (20)x number of years of smoking.For pipe smokers daily amount of tobacco consumed was converted to corresponding number of cigarettes.smoking, and this might explain the induction of severe eye disease in thyroid disorders.This is the first study suggesting a direct relation between smoking and severe endocrine ophthalmopathy.We emphasise that the number of probands was small and that the investigation was initiated by the observation that some of them were smokers.Further studies should be performed to see whether smokers are overrepresented among patients with thyroid disease with severe ophthalmopathy.If a relation was found stopping smoking might have a beneficial effect in patients with eye disease associated with thyroid disorders.This study was supported by a grant from the Swedish Tobacco Company.We thank Mr Lennarth Nystr6m, medical statistician, for advice and help with calculations.
Identification and Treatment of Barbiturate Abusers
Authors: Ernest Hamburger
Journal: JAMA (1965)

SINCE PUBLICATION of  Use in Narcotic Addicts 1 numerous requests have been received for more information concerning the identification and treatment of the barbiturate user. This communication is an attempt to answer some of the questions posed. The therapy regime described herein was evolved over the years by the medical staff at the US Public Health Service Hospital, Lexington, Ky.  Identification of Barbiturate Use  Though the diagnosis of barbiturate abuse can be made from the history, the physician must be wary of ruling out this illness by the absence of a history of barbiturate use. Often the user will distort the history in order to influence the physician's treatment of his case. The veracity of the patient should be taken into account and a history that includes drugs, dosages, duration of use, and routes of administration should be obtained. Family and acquaintances should be contacted for confirmatory or contradictory
Diabetes in Mexican-Americans: Pressing Problem in a Growing Population
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

MEXICAN-AMERICANS are in double jeopardy: not only are they anywhere from 2½ to four times more likely to develop non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), they are also likely to suffer a more severe form of the disease. Since the Hispanic population, now totaling 14.5 million persons, is the most rapidly growing ethnic group in the United States (and is projected to outstrip the black population by the year 2000), these data portend a significant public health problem, says Michael P. Stern, MD.  Since 1979, Stern—who is chief of clinical epidemiology in the University of Texas Health Science Center's Department of Medicine—and colleagues have spearheaded the San Antonio Heart Study, the nation's first in-depth look at the incidence of and associations between diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and obesity in Mexican- and Anglo-Americans ( JAMA 1984;252: 3349). Since the study began in 1979, investigators have compiled health data on more than 2100 families in
GONORRHEA IN THE FEMALE.ITS DIAGNOSIS, FREQUENCY AND INFLUENCE IN THEPRODUCTION OF STERILITY AND OF GRAVE LESIONS OF THE PELVIC ORGANS.
Authors: L. H. DUNNING
Journal: JAMA (1905)

It is my purpose to consider the question of gonorrhea in the adult woman and as it affects her reproductive organs only. My attention was especially directed to the subject in reading the series of papers read before the Section of Hygiene and Sanitary Science at the last session of this Association and by reading other contributions to the literature of the subject, notably the book by Morrow on "Social Diseases and Marriage," and the report of the committee of this Association, on "Prophylaxis of Venereal Diseases." In these writings, the authors speak with such assurance regarding the frequency of gonorrhea and its disastrous effect, that one inexperienced in the matter would be led to the conclusion that the diagnosis of the disease is easily accomplished and that the disastrous effects are inevitable. This is in a measure true regarding the diagnosis in acute cases in which an opportunity is
Endoscopic Laser Treatment for Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: K. Yasuda, Y. Mizuma, M. Nakajima, K. Kawai
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Endoscopic laser treatment (ELT) has been proposed as one of the curative endoscopic therapies for early gastric cancer. We report our experience with ELT in 111 patients with early gastric cancer limited to the mucosa as diagnosed by endoscopy and/or endoscopic ultrasonography. Twelve patients subsequently underwent laparotomy after ELT and no residual tumor was found in 75 % of these cases. Ninety-nine patients had no surgery for various reasons and follow-up information by endoscopy was available for 73 of them for a mean of 2.7 years (range 1 to 7 years). 81 % of these patients were found to be tumor free. There was no difference in the success rate of ELT in relation to endoscopic classification, tumor location and histologic type of cancer. Recently, the indications for ELT decreased due to the development of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) enabling histological evaluation of a resection specimen. However, the technique of EMR cannot always be performed completely depending on the location and size of the lesions. Therefore, we employed ELT as an additional treatment technique after EMR therapy to achieve complete tumor destruction. Results in 13 patients where both techniques were employed showed complete tumor removal in 11 cases. At present, this combined application may be the most important role of laser irradiation for the treatment of early stage GI tract malignancies.
Effects of high dose inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate, 750 micrograms and 1500 micrograms twice daily, and 40 mg per day oral prednisolone on lung function, symptoms, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with non-asthmatic chronic airflow obstruction.
Authors: D C Weir, P S Burge
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--The effect of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in patients with non-asthmatic chronic airflow obstruction is still disputed. Whether any physiological improvements seen are accompanied by changes in bronchial responsiveness and symptoms and quality of life is also still unclear. METHODS--A sequential placebo controlled, blinded parallel group study investigating the effect of three weeks of treatment with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), 750 micrograms or 1500 micrograms twice daily, and oral prednisolone, 40 mg per day, was carried out in 105 patients with severe non-asthmatic chronic airflow obstruction (mean age 66 years, mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 1.05 litres [40% predicted], geometric mean PD20 0.52 mumol). End points assessed were FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow (PEF), bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine, and quality of life as measured by a formal quality of life questionnaire. RESULTS--Both doses of BDP produced equivalent, small, but significant improvements in FEV1 (mean 48 ml), FVC (mean 120 ml), and PEF (mean 12.4 l/min). The addition of oral prednisolone to the treatment regime in two thirds of the patients did not produce any further improvement in these parameters. Inhaled BDP produced a treatment response in individual patients (defined as an improvement in FEV1, FVC, or mean PEF of at least 20% compared with baseline values) more commonly than placebo (34% v 15%). The two doses of BDP were equally effective in this respect and again no further benefit of treatment with oral prednisolone was noted. Treatment with BDP for up to six weeks did not affect bronchial responsiveness to histamine. Small but significant improvements were seen in dyspnoea during daily activities, and the feeling of mastery over the disease. CONCLUSIONS--High dose inhaled BDP is an effective treatment for patients with chronic airflow obstruction not caused by asthma. Both objective and subjective measures show improvement. Unlike asthma, no improvement in bronchial responsiveness was detected after six weeks of treatment.
Viral Hepatitis During Pregnancy
Authors: Reuben H. Adams
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Thirty-four pregnant patients with viral hepatitis form the basis of this prospective study. Of the 30 patients with adequate follow-up, 28 improved rapidly, 1 developed postnecrotic cirrhosis, and 1 died of massive hepatic necrosis. Fetal survival includes 22 full-term infants. There were eight premature labors (three resulting in twins, one induced), with six labors resulting in nine living infants. Two premature infants died. Two other pregnancies ended with spontaneous abortions. Neonatal hepatitis was not discovered. A favorable outcome may usually be anticipated for the mother with hepatitis. Fetal wastage attributable to hepatitis was no greater than the incidence observed in pregnant patients without this disease.
Aggregating human platelets cause direct contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated canine coronary arteries. Role of serotonin, thromboxane A2, and adenine nucleotides.
Authors: D S Houston, J T Shepherd, P M Vanhoutte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Aggregating human platelets contract isolated rings of canine coronary artery without endothelium, but relax rings with intact endothelium. We performed experiments to identify the substances released from platelets responsible for these effects. The contraction in rings without endothelium was reduced by treating the platelets with thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, dazoxiben, or treating the vessels with the thromboxane-receptor antagonist, SQ 29548. The serotonergic antagonist, methiothepin, also reduced the platelet-induced contraction. The combination of methiothepin plus dazoxiben or SQ 29548 caused a further inhibition. The endothelium-dependent relaxation to platelets during contractions evoked by prostaglandin F2 alpha was nearly abolished by the ADP- and ATP-scavenger, apyrase. It was not inhibited by methiothepin, which antagonizes endothelium-dependent relaxations to serotonin. Thus, both serotonin and thromboxane A2 contribute to the direct activation of coronary smooth muscle by aggregating human platelets, whereas adenine nucleotides are the principal mediators of the endothelium-dependent relaxation.
Abstract 5480: Characterization of anti-human APRIL monoclonal antibodies capable of inhibiting APRIL-dependent B cell function and hyperproliferation.
Authors: Marco Guadagnoli, Katherine Cameron, Elise Veraar, Fiona Kimberley, Andrea van Elsas, Hans van Eenennaam, Jan Paul Medema
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract A Proliferation Inducing Ligand (APRIL) is a TNF ligand that, via its receptors TACI and BCMA, is involved in both B cell physiology as well as in proliferation and survival of malignant B cells. To target APRIL-dependent stimulation of B cell cancers, we recently produced and characterized two monoclonal antagonistic anti-human APRIL antibodies called humanAPRIL.01A (hA.01A) and humanAPRIL.03A (hA.03A). In a first biochemical assay to validate their blocking activity, hA.01A was shown to fully prevent APRIL from binding to its receptors, whereas a substantial difference was detected for hA.03A, which inhibited APRIL binding to BCMA less efficiently than hA.01A. Epitope mapping subsequently revealed that hA.01A and hA.03A bind distinct sites on APRIL, which provided a structural rationale of their different blocking activities. Importantly, this differential inhibition profile can be used to functionally dissect BCMA and TACI-dependent signals and indicated that B cell survival and IgA production are regulated differently by these receptors. Primary CLL cultures were shown to be sensitive to APRIL neutralization using hA.01A. hA.01A also inhibited hyperplasia in a transgenic mouse model reminiscent of B-CLL. Altogether, these data indicate that hA.01A is a novel tool potentially useful for the targeted treatment of B cell-derived cancers such as B-CLL and Multiple Myeloma. Citation Format: Marco Guadagnoli, Katherine Cameron, Elise Veraar, Fiona Kimberley, Andrea van Elsas, Hans van Eenennaam, Jan Paul Medema. Characterization of anti-human APRIL monoclonal antibodies capable of inhibiting APRIL-dependent B cell function and hyperproliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5480. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5480
The Cantekin Affair
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In this issue ofTHE JOURNALwe publish an article by Cantekin and colleagues<sup>1</sup>on the utility of amoxicillin trihydrate in otitis media: an article that was submitted to<i>JAMA</i>in 1987 and that had already become the center of a dispute about scientific misconduct. Why has it taken so long for this article to see the light of day? Why are we publishing it? <h3>The Cantekin Case</h3> Developments in the Cantekin case have been reported from time to time over the last 5 years in the lay and scientific press. Readers of<i>JAMA</i>will find much of it rehearsed by Cantekin et al<sup>2</sup>in March 1990, and they will be able to get the flavor of this bitter dispute from the correspondence that followed.<sup>3,4</sup>Two congressional hearings have touched on aspects of the case.<sup>5,6</sup>In the briefest terms, in 1980, Dr Charles Bluestone set up