tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Controversies in Management: Are antibiotics appropriate for sore throats? Costs outweigh the benefits
Authors: P S Little, I Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

however, overcome many of the problems associated with relying solely on published data and some of the problems associated with relying on aggregate data and will add to the analyses that can be performed.It might therefore provide the "gold standard" to which systematic reviews should strive."Which steps in the process are the most important for improving reliability requires further testing and evidence, especially if some of these steps lengthen the time needed to conduct the meta-analysis but do not greatly improve its reliability.To this end, some of the topics for consideration would be the use of trials from which individual patient data are not available but published data are and of trials in which the individual patient data reveal problems (such as the inappropriate exclusion of some patients and the subsequent des- truction of their relevant records) that cannot be rectified.Just as different forms of health care need to be reliably assessed, so the techniques for reviewing evidence from randomised controlled trials should be empirically investigated.
Clinical Utility of C-Reactive Protein Measured at Admission, Hospital Discharge, and 1 Month Later to Predict Outcome in Patients With Acute Coronary Disease
Authors: Peter Bogaty, Luce Boyer, Serge Simard, Franz Dauwe, Robert Dupuis, Benoît Verret, Thao Huynh, Fernand Bertrand, Gilles R. Dagenais, James M. Brophy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization to improve the diagnosis of endocarditis: a pilot study
Authors: C. Mallmann, S. Siemoneit, D. Schmiedel, A. Petrich, D.M. Gescher, E. Halle, M. Musci, R. Hetzer, U.B. Gö bel, A. Moter
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Çölyak Hastalığının Tanısında İmmunglobulin A Anti-Doku Transglutaminaz Antikorunun Klinik Uygulamadaki Yararı
Authors: Julian A. Abrams, Pardeep Brar, Beverly Diamond, Heidrun Rotterdam, sup> ve Peter H. Green
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
CTCF-binding sites flank CTG/CAG repeats and form a methylation-sensitive insulator at the DM1 locus
Authors: Galina N. Filippova, Cortlandt P. Thienes, Bennett H. Penn, Diane H. Cho, Ying Jia Hu, James M. Moore, Todd R. Klesert, Victor V. Lobanenkov, Stephen J. Tapscott
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Abstract 9692: A 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Demonstrates Improvement of Left Atrial and Ventricular Strain After Ablation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation;
Authors: Hiroshi Kato, Shoichi Kubota, Yosuke Takasawa, Teruhiko Kumamoto, Makoto Yamamoto
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Recent echocardiographic studies have shown that strain analysis of the myocardium is a very sensitive method for detecting various pathophysiological changes before and after cardiovascular interventional procedures. We hypothesized that a 2D speckle tracking imaging can quantify the damage of the left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) myocardium in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and demonstrate improvement of atrial and ventricular function after ablation procedure. Methods: We performed catheter ablation guided by CARTO navigation (extensive encircling pulmonary vein isolation) in 35 patients with AF (paroxysmal, n=23; persistent, n=12). LA and LV longitudinal strain in systolic phase by 2D speckle tracking echocardiographic imaging and 24-hour Holter ECG were evaluated at baseline before ablation and various follow-up time points (1 day, 1 month, and 3 months after ablation). Those without AF who underwent catheter ablation for other indications served as a control group (n=22). Results: Patients with persistent AF had significantly lower LA and LV longitudinal strain at baseline than those with paroxysmal AF and the control (LA, 14.9±6.5% vs 40.4±18.6% and 41.2±21.8%, p&lt;0.001; LV, -15.0±6.4% vs -21.1±3.3% and -21.2±1.7%, p&lt;0.05). In those with persistent AF, LV longitudinal strain returned to the normal value of -20.4±2.6% 1 month after ablation, and subsequently, LA strain was also improved to the value of 40.0±18.9% 3 months after ablation. At the most recent follow-up, 77% of the patients with AF maintained sinus rhythm on Holter ECG. Conclusions: Restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm by catheter ablation in patients with persistent AF improves both LA and LV strain in a time-dependent manner. A 2D speckle tracking imaging can demonstrate improvement of atrial and ventricular function after ablation procedure.G009692
Abstract 12112: Genome-Wide Binding Profiles of c-Myc and RNA-Polymerase II Clarifies c-Myc-Mediated Circuit Pathway in RNA Metabolism in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yuki Masumura
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:c-Myc (Myc) transcription factor is rapidly induced in cardiomyocyte under adrenergic stimulation and has a functional property to strongly induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Although the underlying mechanisms of pro-hypertrophic effect of Myc including the induction of protein and DNA synthesis have been extensively studied, the functional role for Myc in RNA metabolism in cardiomyocytes remains unclear. Methods:Global RNA production in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes with or without increasing amount of Myc protein were evaluated using 5-Ethynyl Uridine (EU) incorporation. Quantitative analysis using imaging cytometry demonstrated that adenoviraly transduced Myc significantly increased the amount of global RNA production in cardiomyocytes. To clarify the direct effect of Myc for mRNA transcription, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) in replicates and obtained genome-wide binding profiles of Myc and RNA-polymerase II (Pol II) in cardiomyocyt...
The drinks trade lobby
Authors: L. Dillner, D. Josefson, H. Karcher, T. Sheldon, A. Dorozynski, C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The new British guidelines were developed by an interdepartmental government group from evidence submitted by interested parties, of which 22 were medical and nine were from the drinks industry. The Observer newspaper claimed that only the drinks industry had advised a …
MEK2 is a prognostic marker and potential chemo-sensitizing target for glioma patients undergoing temozolomide treatment
Authors: Hua He, Maojin Yao, Wenhao Zhang, Bangbao Tao, Feili Liu, Shu Li, Yan Dong, Chenran Zhang, Yicheng Meng, Yuxin Li, Guohan Hu, Chun Luo, Hui Zong, Yicheng Lu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2015)
Increased insulin sensitivity and hypoglycaemia in mice lacking the p85α subunit of phosphoinositide 3–kinase
Authors: Yasuo Terauchi, Youki Tsuji, Shinobu Satoh, Hideaki Minoura, Koji Murakami, Akira Okuno, Kouichi Inukai, Tomoichiro Asano, Yasushi Kaburagi, Kohjiro Ueki, Hiromu Nakajima, Toshiaki Hanafusa, Yuji Matsuzawa, Hisahiko Sekihara, Yuxin Yin, J. Carl Barrett, Hideaki Oda, Takatoshi Ishikawa, Yasuo Akanuma, Issei Komuro, Misao Suzuki, Ken-ichi Yamamura, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Harumi Suzuki, Shigeo Koyasu, Shinichi Aizawa, Kazuyuki Tobe, Yasuhisa Fukui, Yoshio Yazaki, Takashi Kadowaki
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Effect of sample preservation method and transportation duration on tumor gene expression profiling in breast cancer.
Authors: Debora Fumagalli, Vinu Jose, Roberto Salgado, Samira Majjaj, Sandeep Singhal, Delphine Vincent, Marion M. Maetens, Denis Larsimont, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, W Fraser Symmans, Phuong Dinh, Stefan Michiels, Christos Sotiriou, Sherene Loi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)
The receptor TGR5 protects the liver from bile acid overload during liver regeneration in mice
Authors: Noémie Péan, Isabelle Doignon, Isabelle Garcin, Aurore Besnard, Boris Julien, Bingkaï Liu, Sophie Branchereau, Anne Spraul, Catherine Guettier, Lydie Humbert, Kristina Schoonjans, Dominique Rainteau, Thierry Tordjmann
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Many regulatory pathways are involved in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) to initiate growth, protect liver cells, and sustain functions of the remnant liver. Bile acids (BAs), whose levels rise in the blood early after PH, stimulate both hepatocyte proliferation and protection, in part through their binding to the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR). However, the effect of the BA receptor, TGR5 (G-protein-coupled BA receptor 1) after PH remains to be studied. Liver histology, hepatocyte proliferation, BA concentrations (plasma, bile, liver, urine, and feces), bile flow and composition, and cytokine production were studied in wild-type (WT) and TGR5 KO (knockout) mice before and after PH. BA composition (plasma, bile, liver, urine, and feces) was more hydrophobic in TGR5 KO than in WT mice. After PH, severe hepatocyte necrosis, prolonged cholestasis, exacerbated inflammatory response, and delayed regeneration were observed in TGR5 KO mice. Although hepatocyte adaptive response to post-PH BA overload was similar in WT and TGR5 KO mice, kidney and biliary adaptive responses were strongly impaired in TGR5 KO mice. Cholestyramine treatment, as well as Kupffer cell depletion, significantly improved the post-PH TGR5 KO mice phenotype. After bile duct ligation or upon a cholic acid-enriched diet, TGR5 KO mice exhibited more severe liver injury than WT as well as impaired BA elimination in urine.TGR5 is crucial for liver protection against BA overload after PH, primarily through the control of bile hydrophobicity and cytokine secretion. In the absence of TGR5, intrahepatic stasis of abnormally hydrophobic bile and excessive inflammation, in association with impaired bile flow adaptation and deficient urinary BA efflux, lead to BA overload-induced liver injury and delayed regeneration.
Abstract 5938: Detection of Cardiac Antibodies in Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease by Two-Dimensional Western Blot Analysis
Authors: Bernhard Maisch, Thorsten G Loof, Gursharan S Chhatwal, Anil Grover, Volker Ruppert, Sabine Pankuweit
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoreactive disease secondary to a group A streptococcal infection involving the heart, joints, skin and brain. During an infection activated antigen presenting c...
Abstract 162: Short-Term Combined Mild Hypothermia Improves Neurological Outcome in Porcine Model of Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Heng Li, Zhengfei Yang, Zitong Huang, Yongqin Li, Tao Yu
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) of 32 to 34 °C maintaining for 12 to 24 hours is recommended for patients returned spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from cardiac arrest with benefit of neurological preservation. In present study, we investigated whether a short-term combined mild hypothermia could improve resuscitation outcome in porcine model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation.   Hypothesis:  Maintaining two hours of MTH after ROSC can alleviated neurological deflect and neuron apoptosis in a porcine model.   Method:  Fourteen domestic pigs weighted 35 to 37 kg were anesthetized and core temperature was obtained via a thermo-sensor in the right atrial. Ventricular fibrillation was induced electrically and maintained untreated for 11 mins. Two investigators delivered CPR with 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio for 6 mins. A 150-J electric shock was attempted and animals ROSC were then randomized into combined mild hypothermia (CMH) or normothermia groups (NT). In CMH, ice-cold saline (30ml/kg) was infused via right atrial to induce MTH together with surface cooling. Cooling rate was 2.5°C/hour in a two-hour inducing duration. Target temperature was maintained for 120 mins before another two-hour active rewarming phrase. Cerebral performance category (CPC) and neurological deflect score (NDS) were evaluated every 24 hours. An immunohistochemical method (TUNEL) was used to evaluate neurons apoptosis in hippocampus CA1 at the 96 hour.   Result:  There were no differences of hemodynamic, compression depth, shocks and epinephrine use in both groups. All animals were successfully resuscitated. The NDS and CPC in CMH were better than that in NT (Table 1). For TUNEL, number of apoptosis neurons in NT was significantly more than that in CMH.   Conclusion:  Even maintaining only two hours of MTH after ROSC can improve neurological outcome and reducing neuron apoptosis in porcine model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation.
Miniaturized Cultivation of Microbiota for Antimalarial Drug Discovery
Authors: Carrie Waterman, Laurent Calcul, Jeremy Beau, Wai Sheung Ma, Matthew D. Lebar, Jacqueline L. von Salm, Charles Harter, Tina Mutka, Lindsay C. Morton, Patrick Maignan, Betty Barisic, Alberto van Olphen, Dennis E. Kyle, Lilian Vrijmoed, Ka‐Lai Pang, Cedric J. Pearce, Bill J. Baker
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2014)

Abstract The ongoing search for effective antiplasmodial agents remains essential in the fight against malaria worldwide. Emerging parasitic drug resistance places an urgent need to explore chemotherapies with novel structures and mechanisms of action. Natural products have historically provided effective antimalarial drug scaffolds. In an effort to search nature's chemical potential for antiplasmodial agents, unconventionally sourced organisms coupled with innovative cultivation techniques were utilized. Approximately 60,000 niche microbes from various habitats (slow‐growing terrestrial fungi, Antarctic microbes, and mangrove endophytes) were cultivated on a small‐scale, extracted, and used in high‐throughput screening to determine antimalarial activity. About 1% of crude extracts were considered active and 6% partially active (≥67% inhibition at 5 and 50 μg/mL, respectively). Active extracts (685) were cultivated on a large‐scale, fractionated, and screened for both antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity. High interest fractions (397) with an IC 50 &lt; 1.11 μg/mL were identified and subjected to chromatographic separation for compound characterization and dereplication. Identifying active compounds with nanomolar antimalarial activity coupled with a selectivity index tenfold higher was accomplished with two of the 52 compounds isolated. This microscale, high‐throughput screening project for antiplasmodial agents is discussed in the context of current natural product drug discovery efforts.
PENICILLIN IN THE TREATMENT OF SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; REPORT OF CASE
Authors: Henry I. Russek, Richard H. Smith, Herbert Derman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1945)

Case Reports1 June 1945PENICILLIN IN THE TREATMENT OF SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; REPORT OF CASEHENRY I. RUSSEK, M.D., RICHARD H. SMITH, M.D., HERBERT DERMAN, M.D.HENRY I. RUSSEK, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD H. SMITH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HERBERT DERMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-22-6-863 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe effectiveness of penicillin in the treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis is now under investigation at various centers. Early trials with small amounts of the drug, although discouraging, indicated its ability to sterilize the blood stream temporarily in some instances. The National Research Council1reported disappointing results in 17 cases in which the total dosage varied from 240,000 to 1,760,000 Florey units administered over a period of from nine to 26 days. Herrell2was unable to influence the course of one case in which the organism was inhibited (in vitro) by penicillin in dilutions of 1:500,000. The total dosage employed,...Bibliography1. KEEFERBLAKEMARSHALLLOCKWOODWOOD CSFGBKJSWB: Penicillin in treatment of infections, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1943, cxxii, 1217-1224. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. HERRELL WE: Further observation on clinical use of penicillin, Proc. Staff Meet. Mayo Clin., 1943, xviii, 65-76. Google Scholar3. HERRELL WE: The clinical use of penicillin, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1944, cxxiv, 622-627. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. FLOREYFLOREY MEHW: General and local administration of penicillin, Lancet, 1943, l, 387-397. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. DAWSONHOBBY MHGL: The clinical use of penicillin, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1944, cxxiv, 611-622. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. LOEWEROSENBLATTGREENERUSSELL LPHJM: Combined penicillin and heparin therapy of subacute bacterial endocarditis, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1944, cxxiv, 144-149. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. KEEFER CS: Discussion, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1944, cxxiv, 636-637. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HENRY I. RUSSEK, M.D.; RICHARD H. SMITH, M.D.; HERBERT DERMAN, M.D.Affiliations: Staten Island, New York*Received for publication July 31, 1944.Approved for publication by the Surgeon General of the U. S. Public Health Service.From the Cardiovascular Service, U. S. Marine Hospital. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1945Volume 22, Issue 6Page: 863-867KeywordsArmed forcesBloodDrugsEndocarditisMedical servicesPenicillinResearch reporting guidelinesRiversSurgeons ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1945 PDF downloadLoading ...
A Randomized Multicenter Study Comparing a Paclitaxel Drug-Eluting Balloon With a Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent in Small Coronary Vessels
Authors: Azeem Latib, Antonio Colombo, Fausto Castriota, Antonio Micari, Alberto Cremonesi, Francesco De Felice, Alfredo Marchese, Maurizio Tespili, Patrizia Presbitero, Gregory A. Sgueglia, Francesca Buffoli, Corrado Tamburino, Ferdinando Varbella, Alberto Menozzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Variations in skin colour and the biological consequences of ultraviolet radiation exposure
Authors: S. Del Bino, F. Bernerd
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Harmful consequences of sun exposure range from sunburn, photoageing and pigmentary disorders to skin cancer. The incidence and extent of these detrimental effects are largely due to the degree of constitutive pigmentation of the skin. The latter can be objectively classified according to the individual typology angle (°ITA) based on colorimetric parameters. The physiological relevance of the ITA colorimetric classification was assessed in 3500 women living in various geographical areas. Furthermore, in order to understand the relationship between constitutive pigmentation and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensitivity, we worked on ex vivo human skin samples of different colour exposed to increasing UVR doses. For each sample we defined the biologically efficient dose (BED), based on the induction of sunburn cells, and analysed UVR‐induced DNA damage (cyclobutane thymine dimers, CPD). We found a significant correlation between ITA and BED. We also found a correlation between ITA and DNA damage. As the epidermal basal layer also hosts melanocytes and in order to analyse the relationship between skin colour and DNA damage occurring specifically within this cell type, we performed double staining for CPD and tyrosinase‐related protein (TRP) 1, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis. We found that DNA damage within melanocytes depends on ITA. Taken together our results may explain the higher risk of lighter skin types developing skin cancers, including melanoma, as well as the development of pigmentary disorders in moderately pigmented skin. They show that skin classification based on ITA is physiologically relevant (as it correlates with constitutive pigmentation) and further support the concept of a more personalized approach to photoprotection that corresponds to a particular skin colour type's sensitivity to solar UVR.
Studies on antibiotic synergism against enterococci
Authors: Robert C. Moellering, Arnold N. Weinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The mechanism by which agents that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis produce a synergistic effect against enterococci when combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics has not been elucidated. Using 14C-labeled streptomycin, it could be shown that uptake of this aminoglycoside antibiotic was markedly enhanced in enterococci growing in the presence of penicillin or other agents which inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. There was no enhancement of streptomycin uptake when the cells were incubated with antibiotics which primarily affect the bacterial cell membrane or inhibit protein synthesis. Increased streptomycin uptake was produced by penicillin only in actively growing bacteria. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that enterococci exhibit a natural barrier to the entry of streptomycin which can be overcome by agents which inhibit cell wall synthesis, thus producing a synergistic effect.
Abstract 13678: Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in Stabilizing Endothelial Cell-Cell Junctions During Post-Ischemic Neovascularization
Authors: Norifumi Urao, Gin-Fu Chen, Masooma Razvi, Seok-Jo Kim, Ronald D McKinney, Tohru Fukai, Masuko Ushio-Fukai
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Neovascularization of ischemic tissues is sequential processes of vessel formation involving activation (loosening cell-cell adhesions and proliferation) and stabilization coordinated by inflammato...
High susceptibility to bacterial infection, but no liver dysfunction, in mice compromised for hepatocyte NF-κB activation
Authors: Iris Lavon, Iris Goldberg, Sharon Amit, Limor Landsman, Steffen Jung, Ben-Zion Tsuberi, Iris Barshack, Juri Kopolovic, Eitan Galun, Hermann Bujard, Yinon Ben-Neriah
Journal: Nature Medicine (2000)
Citrulline‐Specific Th1 Cells Are Increased in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Their Frequency Is Influenced by Disease Duration and Therapy
Authors: Eddie A. James, Mary Rieck, Jennifer Pieper, John A. Gebe, Betty B. Yue, Megan Tatum, Melissa Peda, Charlotta Sandin, Lars Klareskog, Vivianne Malmström, Jane H. Buckner
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is thought to be a T cell-mediated disease, based on its strong association with HLA class II alleles, clinical responsiveness to T cell-directed therapies, and the presence of CD4+ T cells in rheumatoid joints. The presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in RA serum and the association of these antibodies with HLA-DR4 alleles implicate citrulline-specific autoreactive T cells in the development and progression of RA. The goal of this study was to determine the characteristics and specificity of autoreactive T cell responses in RA.We developed a panel of HLA-DRB1*04:01 tetramers, selecting citrullinated peptides from synovial antigens and verifying their immunogenicity in DRB1*04:01-transgenic mice. Seven tetramers were used to examine the ex vivo frequency and surface phenotype of citrulline-specific (Cit-specific) T cells in patients with RA and healthy subjects with DRB1*04:01 haplotypes, using a magnetic enrichment procedure.Cit-specific T cells were detectable in peripheral blood samples from both healthy subjects and RA patients. In comparison to healthy subjects, RA patients had significantly higher frequencies of Cit-specific T cells, and a greater proportion of these cells displayed a Th1 memory phenotype. Among RA patients, the frequency of Cit-specific T cells was highest within the first 5 years after diagnosis of RA and was decreased in patients taking biologic agents, irrespective of disease duration.These findings link the presence of ACPAs in RA with Th1 cells specific for citrullinated epitopes and provide tools for disease-specific immunomonitoring of autoreactive T cells.
Intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol with 80 mg versus 20 mg simvastatin daily in 12 064 survivors of myocardial infarction: a double-blind randomised trial
Authors: Jane Armitage, Louise Bowman, Karl Wallendszus, Richard Bulbulia, Kazem Rahimi, Richard Haynes, Sarah Parish, Richard Peto, Rory Collins
Journal: The Lancet (2010)