tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 44: Time to Epinephrine Impacts Mortality Following Pediatric In-Hospital Nonshockable Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Lars W Andersen, Katherine Berg, Brian Z Saindon, Joseph M Massaro, Tia T Raymond, Robert Berg, Vinay Nadkarni, Michael W Donnino
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Delay in administration of the first epinephrine dose has been shown to be associated with a lower chance of good outcome in adult, in-hospital, non-shockable cardiac arrest. Whether this association is true in pediatric in-hospital non-shockable cardiac arrest remains unknown. Methods: We utilized the Get With the Guidelines - Resuscitation national registry to identify pediatric patients (age &lt; 18 years) with an in-hospital cardiac arrest between 2000 and 2010. We included patients with an initial non-shockable rhythm who received at least one dose of epinephrine. To assess the association between time to epinephrine administration and survival to discharge we used multivariate logistic regression models with adjustment for multiple predetermined variables including age, gender, illness category, pre-existing mechanical ventilation, monitored, witnessed, location, time of the day/week, year of arrest, insertion of an airway, initial rhythm, time to initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hospital type and hospital teaching status. Secondary outcomes included return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and neurological outcome. Results: 1,131 patients were included. Median age was 9 months (quartiles: 21 days - 6 years) and 46% were female. Overall survival to hospital discharge was 29%. Longer time to epinephrine was negatively associated with survival to discharge in multivariate analysis (OR: 0.94 [95%CI: 0.90 - 0.98], per minute delay). Longer time to epinephrine was negatively associated with ROSC (OR: 0.93 [95%CI: 0.90 - 0.97], per minute delay) but was not statistically significantly associated with survival with good neurological outcome (OR: 0.95 [95%CI: 0.89 - 1.03], per minute delay). Conclusions: Delay in administration of epinephrine during pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest with a non-shockable rhythm is associated with a lower chance of ROSC and lower survival to hospital discharge.
Effect of exposure to 15% oxygen on breathing patterns and oxygen saturation in infants: interventional study Commentary: Safety of participants in non-therapeutic research must be ensured Commentary: Ethical approval of study was warranted Authors' reply
Authors: K J Parkins, C F Poets, L M O'Brien, V A Stebbens, D P Southall, J. Savulescu, V. Hughes, K J Parkins, C F Poets, L M O'Brien, V A Stebbens, D P Southall
Journal: BMJ (1998)

To assess the response of healthy infants to airway hypoxia (15% oxygen in nitrogen).Interventional study.Infants' homes and paediatric ward.34 healthy infants (20 boys) born at term; mean age at study 3.1 months. 13 of the infants had siblings whose deaths had been ascribed to the sudden infant death syndrome.Respiratory variables were measured in room air (pre-challenge), while infants were exposed to 15% oxygen (challenge), and after infants were returned to room air (post-challenge).Baseline oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry, frequency of isolated and periodic apnoea, and frequency of desaturation (oxygen saturation < or = 80% for > or = 4 s). Exposure to 15% oxygen was terminated if oxygen saturation fell to < or = 80% for > or = 1 min.Mean duration of exposure to 15% oxygen was 6.3 (SD 2.9) hours. Baseline oxygen saturation fell from a median of 97.6% (range 94.0% to 100%) in room air to 92.8% (84.7% to 100%) in 15% oxygen. There was no correlation between baseline oxygen saturation in room air and the extent of the fall in baseline oxygen saturation on exposure to 15% oxygen. During exposure to 15% oxygen there was a reduction in the proportion of time spent in regular breathing pattern and a 3.5-fold increase in the proportion of time spent in periodic apnoea (P < 0.001). There was an increase in the frequency of desaturation from 0 episodes per hour (range 0 to 0.2) to 0.4 episodes per hour (0 to 35) (P < 0.001). In 4 infants exposure to hypoxic conditions was ended early because of prolonged and severe falls in oxygen saturation.A proportion of infants had episodes of prolonged (< or = 80% for > or = 1 min) or recurrent shorter (< or = 80% for > or = 4 s) desaturation, or both, when exposed to airway hypoxia. The quality and quantity of this response was unpredictable. These findings may explain why some infants with airway hypoxia caused by respiratory infection develop more severe hypoxaemia than others. Exposure to airway hypoxia similar to that experienced during air travel or on holiday at high altitude may be harmful to some infants.
Identification of SLC7A7, encoding y+LAT-1, as the lysinuric protein intolerance gene
Authors: David Torrents, Juha Mykkänen, Marta Pineda, Lidia Feliubadaló, Raúl Estévez, Rafael de Cid, Pablo Sanjurjo, Antonio Zorzano, Virginia Nunes, Kirsi Huoponen, Arja Reinikainen, Olli Simell, Marja-Liisa Savontaus, Pertti Aula, Manuel Palacín
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Can we predict which lymph node tuberculosis has higher risk of relapsing
Authors: João Costa, Aurora Carvalho, Raquel Duarte
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

I: Lymph node (Ln) tuberculosis (Tb) is the commonest extrapulmonary type of Tb. In spite of adequate treatment, recurrence or relapse occurs. Which patient characteristics may be predictive of recurrence are still unknown. The main goal of this study is to evaluate which patient characteristics may predict LnTb recurrence.

M: Case-control study. National database was revised and all patients with LnTb notified from 01/1998 to 01/2013 were evaluated; data from the first LnTb infection were compared between recurrent and non-recurrent patients; LnTb recurrent cases with first infection missing data were excluded. General demographic data and possible risk factors / conditions associated with relapse were compared. Frequency statistics, T test, Mann-Whitney and logistic regression were performed (software: IBM SPSS version 21).

R: 1209 non-recurrent lymphadenitis Tb patients (nrTb) and 20 recurrent (rTb) were compared; females had more recurrent disease (p=0,015); median age in nrTb=41 and rTb=33 years (p=0,008); no statistical differences were found in terms of alcohol abuse, smoking, homelessness, reclusion, HIV status, time elapsed from symptoms-to-diagnosis; TST induration (unknown in 552 patients) was higher in rTb group (p=0,059). Relapse odds were 0.97 times superior with increasing age (OR 0,97 [CI 95% 0,95-0,99]) and 5 times lower in men (OR 0,20 [CI 95% 0,06-0,70]).

C: Lymph node tuberculosis relapse odds were 0.97 times superior with increasing age and 5 times higher for females. Increased TST induration size seemed to have some relationship with recurrence, despite not statistically significant in this study (many missing data). No other risk factors were related with LnTb recurrence.
Validity of The Health Improvement Network (THIN) for the study of psoriasis
Authors: N.M. Seminara, K. Abuabara, D.B. Shin, S.M. Langan, S.E. Kimmel, D. Margolis, A.B. Troxel, J.M. Gelfand
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Background Psoriasis is a common disease frequently studied in large databases. To date the validity of psoriasis information has not been established in The Health Improvement Network (THIN). Objectives To investigate the validity of THIN for identifying patients with psoriasis and to determine if the database can be used to determine the natural history of the disease. Methods First, we conducted a cross‐sectional study to determine if psoriasis prevalence in THIN is similar to expected. Second, we created a cohort of 4900 patients, aged 45–64 years, with a psoriasis diagnostic Read Code and surveyed their general practitioners (GPs) to confirm the diagnosis clinically. Third, we created models to determine if psoriasis descriptors (extent, severity, duration and dermatologist confirmation) could be accurately captured from database records. Results Psoriasis prevalence was 1·9%, and showed the characteristic age distribution expected. GP questionnaires were received for 4634 of 4900 cohort patients (95% response rate), and psoriasis diagnoses were confirmed in 90% of patients. Duration of disease in the database showed substantial agreement with physician query (κ = 0·69). GPs confirmed that the psoriasis diagnosis was corroborated by a dermatologist in 91% of patients whose database records contained a dermatology referral code associated with a psoriasis code. We achieved good discrimination between patients with and without extensive disease based on the number of psoriasis codes received per year (area under curve = 0·8). Conclusions THIN is a valid data resource for studying psoriasis and can be used to identify characteristics of the disease such as duration and confirmation by a dermatologist.
Intermediate-term outcomes of 350-mm2 Baerveldt glaucoma implants33The authors have no proprietary interest in any device or technique described in this paper.
Authors: Rohit Krishna, David G Godfrey, Donald L Budenz, Erika Escalona-Camaaño, Steven J Gedde, David S Greenfield, William Feuer, Ingrid U Scott
Journal: Ophthalmology (2001)
The clinical evaluation of a new topical corticosteroid, clobetasol propionate.
Authors: C. G. SPARKES, LYN WILSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

A new topically active corticosteroid, clobetasol propionate, has been investigated in the laboratory and in dermatological clinics to determine the best formulation for clinical use. Clinical trials involving 1150 patients were undertaken. In patients with bilateral psoriasis or eczema, clobetasol propionate, at a strength of 0.05%, was compared with betamethasone 17‐valerate ointment and cream, fluclorolone acewnidc ointment and cream and fluocinonide (FAPG). The new steroid was shown to be effective therapeutically, especially in psoriasis. Each comparison in the trial was analysed independently and the following statistically significant differences were demonstrated.
<i>Still Life, Tulips</i>
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 8877: Redefining the Role of Angiotensin II Type 1 and Type 2 Receptors in Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis
Authors: Xianwei Wang, Magomed Khaidakov, Sona Mitra, Jawahar L Mehta
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Purpose of the study: Angiotensin II exerts its effects by activating its receptors, primarily type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R). The role of AT1R and AT2R in cardiomyocyte apoptosis remains controversial. To define the precise role of AT1R and AT2R on cardiomyocyte biology, we studied the apoptotic response of AT1R or AT2R overexpression in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Materials and Methods: HL-1 cells were transfected with AT1R and AT2R cDNA, and cell apoptosis and the expressions of apoptotic genes, NADPH oxidase, ROS, iNOS and eNOS were detected in this study. Results: We observed that AT1R overexpression increased endogenous AT2R expression, but AT2R overexpression did not affect endogenous AT1R expression. Caspase-3 staining, cell cycle analysis and Bax/Bcl2 Western analysis indicated that overexpression of AT1R or AT2R resulted in cardiomyocyte apoptosis (Fig A). Further, we observed that AT1R overexpression significantly increased Nox2, p47 phox and p67 phox (subunits of NADPH oxidase) and ROS generation; in contrast, AT2R overexpression decreased p67 phox expression without significant effect on other NADPH oxidase subunits or ROS generation (Fig B). Both AT1R and AT2R overexpression markedly increased iNOS expression (AT2R&gt;AT1R) (Fig B). To delineate the contribution of upregulation of AT2R by AT1R overexpression and subsequent increase in iNOS resulting in apoptosis in cardiomyocytes; AT1R over-expressing cells were treated with AT2R blocker PD133319; this treatment significantly inhibited AT1R overexpression-induced iNOS and apoptosis. Conclusion: These findings suggest that AT2R overexpression induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis via iNOS upregulation; AT1R overexpression induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis at least in part via endogenous AT2R increase and resultant upregulation of iNOS.
Evaluating serum anti-cyclin B1 antibodies as a biomarker for prevalent, early lung cancer in a population at high-risk for lung cancer
Authors: Ann Marie Egloff, Joel Weissfeld, Stephanie R. Land, Olivera J. Finn
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4549   Purpose: The primary aims of this study are to assess serum cyclin B1 antibody titers as effective diagnostic or screening tools for the identification of prevalent, early lung cancer cases within a population at-risk for lung cancer using a case-control study design. Background: Detecting lung cancer early creates the opportunity for more successful treatment outcomes. In order to identify early stage lung cancer, screening of at-risk populations may need to be implemented. The immune system is capable of responding to tumor antigens arising from altered host factors and may provide an early readout for the presence of cancer. Antibodies to the tumor antigen cyclin B1 are present in lung cancer patients. Unscheduled overexpression of this cell cycle regulator occurs early in tumorigenesis and might be detected by the immune system long before clinical diagnosis of cancer. Serum cyclin B1 antibody titer screening would be safe and likely acceptable to subjects/patients if antibody titers prove to be a sufficiently sensitive and specific biomarker of prevalent lung cancer. Methods: Antibodies recognizing cyclin B1 were measured using semi-automated ELISAs in sera samples from subjects with and without computed tomography- (CT-) detectable lung cancer enrolled in the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS), a longitudinal study of long-term smokers over age 50. Total anti-cyclin B1 serum antibody titers and isotype-specific anti-cyclin B1 antibody titers were assessed for 37 PLuSS lung cancer cancers and 74 matched PLuSS control subject. Association of presence of anti-cyclin B1 antibody with cancer case status was evaluated using STATA V.9 conditional logistic regression analysis. Results: Total and isotype-specific anti-cyclin B1 antibodies were present in a small subset of cases and at-risk subjects without CT-detectable lung cancer. These positive outliers will be of special interest as the cohort is followed prospectively, as anti-cyclin B1 antibody levels may be of prognostic importance regarding disease outcomes for cases and future disease occurrence for at-risk controls. For prevalent CT-detectable cancer versus age-matched at-risk controls, presence of anti-cyclin B1 antibodies was not significantly associated with cancer case status. These findings differ from previous reports and may be a result of using lung cancer cases that were identified through a concerted screening effort rather than presenting as symptomatic lung cancer.
Abstract 12098: Reproductive Lifespan and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in Women
Authors: Sylvia H Ley, Yanping Li, Deirdre K Tobias, JoAnn E Manson, Frank B Hu, Kathryn M Rexrode
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Earlier age at menopause is associated with higher risk for cardiovascular disease, and hormonal changes are suspected to be involved. Earlier age at menarche is associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes, but its association with CVD has been inconclusive. We investigated the association of the duration of reproductive lifespan, accounting for both age at menarche and menopause, with incident CVD.   Methods:  We prospectively followed 83,169 Nurses’ Health Study participants without CVD at baseline, the year of reported menopause, through 2010. CVD was defined as coronary heart disease (CHD; nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal) and stroke (nonfatal or fatal). The duration of reproductive lifespan was generated by subtracting age at menarche from age at menopause. The relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression with adjustment for potential confounders.   Results:  The median reproductive lifespan was 36 years (IQR 31-39). A shorter reproductive lifespan was associated with higher risk of incident CVD with multivariable adjustment for demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle factors, as well as prevalent and incident diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia (RR 1.30 [95% CI 1.20-1.41] comparing duration    Conclusion:  A shorter duration of reproductive lifespan is associated with higher risk of CVD.
Extrahepatic complications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Matthew J. Armstrong, Leon A. Adams, Ali Canbay, Wing-Kin Syn
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, and is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome. In the last decade, it has become apparent that the clinical burden of NAFLD is not restricted to liver-related morbidity or mortality, and the majority of deaths in NAFLD patients are related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. These findings have fuelled concerns that NAFLD may be a new, and added risk factor for extrahepatic diseases such as CVD, chronic kidney disease (CKD), colorectal cancer, endocrinopathies (including type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] and thyroid dysfunction), and osteoporosis. In this review we critically appraise key studies on NAFLD-associated extrahepatic disease. There was marked heterogeneity between studies in study design (cross-sectional versus prospective; sample size; presence/absence of well-defined controls), population (ethnic diversity; community-based versus hospital-based cohorts), and method of NAFLD diagnosis (liver enzymes versus imaging versus biopsy). Taking this into account, the cumulative evidence to date suggests that individuals with NAFLD (specifically, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) harbor an increased and independent risk of developing CVD, T2DM, CKD, and colorectal neoplasms. We propose future studies are necessary to better understand these risks, and suggest an example of a screening strategy.
Cod-liver Oil and Chemistry.
Authors: Frantz Peckel Møller, Peter Møller Heyerdahl
Journal: JAMA (1895)

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Officials Track Down Pandemic Flu Samples
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal