tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Malignant mastocytosis with circulating mast cells
Authors: Elizabeth Torrey, Karen Simpson, Stephen Wilbur, Phillip Munoz, Barry Skikne
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract A case of malignant mastocytosis with peripheral blood involvement is presented. The course of the patient's illness was complicated by recurrent hypotensive episodes, presumed to have been caused by mast cell degranulation. Treatment with hydroxyurea was associated with persistent hypotension which resulted in death. It has been proposed that the diagnosis of mast cell leukemia be given to patients presenting with greater than 10% atypical mast cells in the blood. However, review of 16 published cases of malignant mastocytosis with circulating mast cells reveals that the clinical manifestations, complications, and survival do not vary significantly with the percentage of peripheral blood mast cells. Patients with malignant mastocytosis with significant involvement by atypical mast cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood should be considered as having an aggressive disease, regardless of the precentage of circulating mast cells.
Is speech just chewing the fat?
Authors: James P. Lund
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

It is likely that the system controlling speech has evolved from the one that controls feeding. However, the idea that frames and content are programmed independently by two different cortical areas is not plausible. Models of the speech control system must also take into account the need to coordinate the respiratory, laryngeal, and articulatory musculature.
TR-11 * A MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND PHASE II STUDY OF IMETELSTAT (GRN163L) IN CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT OR REFRACTORY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) MALIGNANCIES: A PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR CONSORTIUM STUDY
Authors: R. Salloum, T. Hummel, S.-S. Kumar, K. Dorris, S. Li, T. Lin, A. Onar-Thomas, L. Miles, T. Toung-Poussaint, C. Stevenson, S. Goldman, G. Dhall, R. Packer, P. Fisher, M. Fouladi, J. Boyett, R. Drissi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Telomerase activation is critical in many cancers including CNS tumors making telomerase inhibition a potential therapeutic target. Imetelstat is an oligonucleotide that binds to the template region of the RNA component of human telomerase and inhibits its enzymatic activity. METHODS: We conducted a molecular biology (MB) and phase II study to estimate inhibition of tumor telomerase activity and sustained responses by imetelstat in children with recurrent CNS malignancies. In the MB study, patients with recurrent medulloblastoma, high-grade glioma (HGG) or ependymoma undergoing resection received one dose of imetelstat as a 2-hour intravenous infusion at 285 mg/m2, 12-24 hours before surgery. Telomerase activity was evaluated by TRAP assay in fresh tumor from surgery. Post-surgery and in the phase II study, patients received imetelstat IV (days 1 and 8 q 21-days) at 285mg/m2. Imetelstat pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies were performed during cycle 1. RESULTS: Of 2 evaluable patients on the MB trial, intratumoral telomerase activity was inhibited by 95% compared to baseline archival tissue in one patient (HGG) and was inevaluable in one patient (medulloblastoma) due to tumor hemorrhage. Forty-two patients (40 evaluable for toxicity) were enrolled: 9 medulloblastomas, 18 HGG, 4 ependymomas, 9 diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities included thrombocytopenia (32.5%), lymphopenia (17.5%), neutropenia (12.5%), ALT (7.5%) and AST (5%) elevation. Two patients died of intratumoral hemorrhage secondary to thrombocytopenia leading to premature study closure. The median number of courses in the phase II trial was 1 (range 1-3). No objective responses were observed. Telomerase inhibition was observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for at least 8 days. CONCLUSION: Imetelstat demonstrated intratumoral and PBMC target inhibition; however, the regimen proved too toxic in children with recurrent CNS tumors.
COMPARISON OF TRENDS AND OUTCOMES OF CAROTID ARTERY STENTING AND ENDARTERECTOMY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONWIDE INPATIENT SAMPLE (2001-2010)
Authors: Luke Kim, David Yang, Rajesh Swaminathan, Min Kyeong Lee, Peter Okin, Robert Minutello, Xuming Sun, Konstantinos Charitakis, Shing-Chiu Wong, Geoffrey Bergman, Harsimran Singh, Veerasathpurush Allareddy, Dmitriy Feldman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
ACUTE COLON BACILLUS INFECTION OF THE URINARY TRACT
Authors: J. DELLINGER BARNEY
Journal: JAMA (1918)

attendant.The tube must be sufficiently large so that it gives free exit to all drainage and must not touch the bottom of the bladder or come in contact with the internal sphincter, for it will cause intermittent irritation and tenesmus which will produce the hemorrhage it is sought to avoid.Any ordinary hemorrhage after a prostatic operation will be con¬ trolled by this tube.Dr. Louis Schmidt seeks to prevent
Overuse of Testing in Preoperative Evaluation and Syncope
Authors: Allen Kachalia, Aaron Berg, Angela Fagerlin, Karen E. Fowler, Timothy P. Hofer, Scott A. Flanders, Sanjay Saint
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Health care reform efforts and initiatives seek to improve quality and reduce costs by eliminating unnecessary care. However, little is known about overuse and its drivers, especially in hospitals.To assess the extent of and factors associated with overuse of testing in U.S. hospitals.National survey of practice patterns for 2 common clinical vignettes: preoperative evaluation and syncope. Respondents were randomly selected and randomly provided 1 of 4 versions of each vignette. Each version contained identical clinical information but varied in factors that could change physician behavior. Respondents were asked to identify what they believed most hospitalists at their institution would recommend in each vignette.Mailed survey conducted from June through October 2011.Physicians practicing adult hospital medicine in the United States.Responses indicating overuse (more testing than recommended by American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines).68% (1020 of 1500) of hospitalists responded. They reported overuse in 52% to 65% of the preoperative evaluation vignettes and 82% to 85% of the syncope vignettes. Overuse more frequently resulted from a physician's desire to reassure patients or themselves than an incorrect belief that it was clinically indicated (preoperative evaluation, 63% vs. 37%; syncope, 69% vs. 31%; P < 0.001 for each).Survey responses may not represent actual clinical choices.Physicians reported substantial overuse in 2 common clinical situations in the hospital. Improving provider knowledge of guidelines may help reduce overuse, but despite awareness of the guidelines, physicians often deviate from them to reassure patients or themselves.Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation, Department of Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, University of Michigan Specialist-Hospitalist Allied Research Program, and Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs/University of Michigan Patient Safety Enhancement Program.
The Synovial Membrane and the Synovial Fluid
Authors: E. G. L. Bywaters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1939)

THIs is the first published book devoted solely to synovial membrane and synovial fluid.The lack of enterprise shown by previous genera- tions is not surprising: this net of knowledge has more holes in it than the numerous threads of speculation which link them together warrant.Even now facts are so fragmentary and incomplete, so many of the older observations are, if not erroneous, valueless or not to be trusted, that an author is hard put to it to fill the pages.Dr. Kling has not been content with reviewing the known facts and pointing out some of the holes.He has endeavoured to fill them, and this book gives full accounts of the aspects in which he has been most interested, such as the precipitation of mucin by acetic acid
Textbook of Hypertension
Authors: R G Wilcox
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed J D Swales Blackwell Scientific, £129.50, pp 1328 ISBN 0 632 03527 7

The second edition of Sir George Pickering's singole author treatise, High Blood Pressure, published in 1968, comprised 717 pages including approximately 1760 references. Such have been the pace and breadth of research in hypertension over the past 25 years that in this first edition of Textbook of Hypertension John Swales has enlisted the help of 84 international experts in hypertension to contribute over 1300 pages and 10000 references, many from 1994. In an age when it is increasingly difficult to keep abreast of advances in a single disease, let alone a whole specialty, this authoritative text will be welcomed by researchers and …
Medicine, Law and Public Policy
Authors: Blair L. Sadler
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Few would dissent from Senator Walter Mondale's statement in the foreword of this book that the number of issues requiring an active interchange between medicine and law are becoming more numerous and complex. Among others, the senator mentions genetic engineering, death and dying, transplantation, euthanasia, and human experimentation and reiterates his perceived need to establish a national commission to explore these issues in depth. Planned as the first in an annual series, the volume is a compendium of 46 previously published articles by 41 authors dealing with these and other issues, including health care financing and provision (McNerney), a case study in the administration of Johns Hopkins (Muller), quality of care assessment and peer review (Brook and Appel), the forensic pathologist in criminal cases (Wecht), new developments in legal psychiatry (Robitscher), and ethical implications of genetic control (Fletcher). Designed "to provide a regular forum for needed (interdisciplinary) interchange," this volume
Evidence for the Rapid Onset of Apoptosis in Medial Smooth Muscle Cells After Balloon Injury
Authors: Harris Perlman, Luc Maillard, Kevin Krasinski, Kenneth Walsh
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Vascular myocyte apoptotic cell death has been reported in human atherectomy and endarterectomy specimens and for neointimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries between 7 and 30 days after injury. However, the immediate effect of balloon injury on medial SMC viability has not been examined.Rat carotid arteries were harvested at the time of balloon injury (T = 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 hours after injury. Uninjured vessels or vessels harvested at the time of injury (T = 0) did not display evidence of apoptosis. However, as early as 30 minutes after injury, 70% of medial SMCs appeared apoptotic by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis and by the appearance of condensed chromatin. High frequencies of TUNEL-positive cells were also observed at 1 and 2 hours after injury but not at 4 hours. Transmission electron microscopy revealed many cells with morphological characteristics of apoptosis in the injured sections. A marked decrease in bcl-X expression was detected in the most luminal layers of the media. To corroborate these findings in a second animal model, rabbit external iliac arteries were analyzed after balloon angioplasty. Apoptotic cell death was evident in rabbit arteries at 30 minutes and at 4 hours after injury.As early as 30 minutes after balloon injury, myocytes appear to undergo apoptotic cell death at a high frequency as shown by TUNEL staining, chromatin condensation, and the appearance of morphological features in electron micrographs. The induction of apoptosis coincides with a marked downregulation of bcl-X expression.
Recirculating pump and the rupture of ultraflow twin coils.
Authors: W. Crossley, P. J. Tilley, D. N. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1969)

tions are seldom encountered even with the most energetic infusions.Also in a series .of 84adults to be published shortly' the patients commonly had large fluid deficits and several litres of fluid had to be infused before urine flow became established.As demonstrated in the case report of Dr. Savege and his colleagues, an increased urine flow is an important factor in salicylate clearance.In some patients, therefore, a rapid infusion rate is mandatory.Drs. Morgan and Polak also claim that their regimen is free from important complications, but this is perhaps hardly justified, as six of their ten patients developed capil- lary pH values in excess of 7 5, and although all the serum potassium levels were normal at the outset eight developed significant hypo- kalaemia with a potentially dangerous level in five.As these changes occurred rapidly, it seems likely that considerable acid-base changes with associated electrolyte shifts were taking place.These findings are similar to those encountered with the early regimens of forced alkaline diuresis described by Cumming and his colleagues in 1964.2Treatment with bicarbonate and acetazola- mide, therefore, still requires very careful laboratory control and in its present form, is less safe than the newer modifications of the Cumming's regimen referred to in your leading article (January 4, p. 3).-I am, etc.,
THE RECOGNITION OF MILD HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: JOSEPH L. MILLER
Journal: JAMA (1922)

In a clinical entity due to increased glandular activity, we might anticipate that there would be all gradations of intoxication, depending on the degree of hyperactivity. Furthermore, the intensity of the symptoms in the same individual might fluctuate considerably, depending on variations in secretory activity. Until a comparatively recent period, a triad of signs and symptoms—tachycardia, goiter and exophthalmos —was essential for a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Very gradually we have deviated from this triad until at present tachycardia alone remains. Exophthalmos was present in only 45 per cent. of 1,400 cases of exophthalmic goiter recently reported from the Mayo Clinic, and in only 3 per cent. of toxic adenomas. Large goiter is far from constant, although visible or palpable enlargement of the thyroid is rarely lacking. The question should be asked, however, Are we, with our present group of signs and symptoms, considered essential for making a diagnosis, still overlooking
The Ouest of the Cubebs
Authors: Virginia S. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Roland T. Smith, MD, wondered whatever became of Cubebs, and William Carlyon, PhD, supplied a part of the answer. He directed inquiries to "a number of manufacturers and distributors of tobacco-substitute products" but he forgot to ask me. Cubebs is a perfectly good word, right out of Webster's dictionary and the USP as late as the tenth edition of 1926, in which its last glory as a medicine ended. Earlier pharmacopeias listed a cubeb troche containing tolu, licorice, acacia, and the powdered almost ripe fruit of the Java pepper, not to mention a fluid extract and some other tasties. You don't kill off a good thing like the cubeb cigarette so easily. The Blosser Cigarette Company, Daytona, Fla, manufactures a "Blosser's Cigarette" which I believe to be the immediate and direct descendant of the Cubeb. You will recall that the tobacco cigarette in the k century was
Tissue-like self-assembly in cocultures of endothelial cells and osteoblasts and the formation of microcapillary-like structures on three-dimensional porous biomaterials
Authors: Ronald E. Unger, Anne Sartoris, Kirsten Peters, Antonella Motta, Claudio Migliaresi, Martin Kunkel, Ulrike Bulnheim, Joachim Rychly, C. James Kirkpatrick
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Unfair to men
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

At the age of 60 I feel discriminated against: if I were a woman I would be eligible for my old age pension and a whole range of benefits ranging from free travel on public transport to exemption from library fines. This would be equitable if women aged 60 had a shorter life expectancy than men of the same age; but in all Western countries old women outnumber old men—the difference is an amazing five women to every man at the age of 90. Yet argument continues as to the extent that this sex difference in longevity is an innate physiological variation or is mainly attributable to behavioural factors. Certainly much of …
Clinical comparison of vagotomy and pyloroplasty with other forms of elective surgery for duodenal ulcer.
Authors: J. C. Goligher, C. N. Pulvertaft, F. T. De Dombal, C. G. Clark, J. H. Conyers, H. L. Duthie, D. B. Feather, A. J. Latchmore, T. S. Matheson, J. H. Shoesmith, F. G. Smiddy, J. Willson-Pepper
Journal: BMJ (1968)
New European Directive on clinical trials
Authors: Nino Stocchetti, Mark Dearden, Abbi Karimi, Francoise Lapierre, Andrew Maas, Gordon D Murray, Juha Ohman, Lennart Persson, Juan Sahuquillo, Franco Servadei, Graham Teasdale, Tomasz Trojanowski, Andreas Unterberg
Journal: The Lancet (2003)
Serial FDG PET/CT in Autoimmune Encephalitis With Faciobrachial Dystonic Seizures
Authors: Albrecht Kunze, Robert Drescher, Katharina Kaiser, Martin Freesmeyer, Otto W. Witte, Hubertus Axer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is increasingly recognized as a nonparaneoplastic disorder with autoantibodies to neuronal proteins. Although MRI is frequently unremarkable, PET imaging might contribute to identification of affected brain regions in distinct AE. We report on serial FDG PET in a 72-year-old man with particular AE subtype, with potassium channel complex antibodies and prodromal stage with dystonic seizures. Serial FDG PET/CT revealed that besides limbic structures, basal ganglia are centrally involved and presumably play a key role in the generation of dystonic seizures.
The Darling case
Authors: R. P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1968)

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High prevalence of non specific autoantibodies (NOSA) in NAFLD: does insulin resistance play a role?
Authors: Paola Loria, Amedeo Lonardo, Maria Cristina Fontana, P. Muratori, F. Cassani, Francesca Leonardi, Dorval Ganazzi, Anna Maria Verrone, Alberto Bagni, Andrea Borsatti, F.B. Bianchi, Nicola Carulli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Thrombin Vs. Plasmin generation in disseminated lntravascular coagulation associated with various underlying disorders
Authors: Hoyu Takahashi, Wataru Tatewaki, Ken Wada, Masaharu Hanano, Akira Shibata
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract In order to assess the thrombin and plasmin generation in vivo in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), plasma levels of thrombin‐antithrombin III (ATIII) complex (TAT) and plasmin‐alpha 2‐antiplasmin (a2AP) complex (PAP) were measured together with standard coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters in 80 patients with DIC. Both TAT and PAP were markedly elevated in patients with DIC. When plotted by the underlying disease categories, differences in the magnitude of the elevations of these complexes were recognized among groups. Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) had the highest PAP, the lowest TAT/PAP ratio, low a2AP, and low fibrinogen, indicating that the most excessive fibrinolysis can occur in APL. Similar profiles, although less marked, were observed in patients with other leukemias and vascular diseases. Patients with sepsis showed the highest TAT/PAP ratio and the lowest PAP with no decrease in a2AP or fibrinogen, demonstrating a relatively impaired fibrinolysis. Patients with cancer had a relatively high TAT and high TAT/PAP ratio. In addition, both TAT and PAP were markedly elevated in patients with shock. From these, it was suggested that, although laboratory manifestations in DIC are extremely variable from patient to patient, underlying disorders are, at least in part, responsible for the observed variations. Recognition of this variable activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis would be helpful for the proper management of patients with DIC.
Separate metabolic pathways leading to DNA fragmentation and apoptotic chromatin condensation.
Authors: D Y Sun, S Jiang, L M Zheng, D M Ojcius, J D Young
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Apoptosis is the predominant form of cell death observed in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions such as cancer involution, insect metamorphosis, the development of the immune and nervous systems, and embryogenesis. The typical nuclear changes taking place in apoptotic cells include extensive condensation of chromatin and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation into units of 200 base pairs. However, the mechanisms responsible for both chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation have yet to be elucidated. In this study, micrococcal nuclease and the divalent cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+, were applied to isolated nuclei in an attempt to reconstitute in vitro the digestion of genomic DNA associated with apoptosis. Micrococcal nuclease was found to induce a typical pattern of DNA fragmentation, but did not give rise to chromatin condensation, whereas Ca2+/Mg2+ induced both chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation in isolated mouse liver nuclei. When the endonuclease inhibitor ZnCl2 was used, the DNA fragmentation induced by Ca2+/Mg2+ in nuclei could be completely inhibited, but chromatin condensation still occurred. For comparison, intact liver cells were treated with valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, which gave rise to an atypical cell death, with chromatin condensation appearing without DNA fragmentation. Our results suggest that endonuclease activation in apoptosis is neither necessary nor sufficient to induce chromatin condensation, and that DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation may be triggered through separate pathways during apoptosis.