tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Practical Psychiatry in Medicine
Authors: Martin R. Lipp
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Everywhere we physicians turn, we find patients saying we do a poor job of treating them as human beings. We may avoid having the criticism leveled at us personally, but the profession as a whole seldom receives many commendations on this account. We are fortunate, then, that several books have recently tried to remedy this defect. Most such works (including this one) fall under the category of "psychiatric aspects of medical practice." They differ from one another not only in such easily quantifiable matters as content, price, and number of authors, but also in the far more elusive qualities of tone, implied values, and apparent understanding of the conflicting priorities that so severely stress the physician-patient relationship. Any physician contemplating buying a book on this topic would be wise to examine several to find which is most nearly his cup of tea. This book, by two Johns Hopkins psychiatrists, starts
Vaginal Spermicides and Congenital Disorders-Reply
Authors: Alexander M. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In response to Dr Grossman's query, none of the babies with the anomalies associated with spermicide use were born of mothers who had diabetes, hypertension, chronic heart disease, or epilepsy. Less than 3% of the mothers in the entire series were treated for such conditions. What Dr Felarca and associates have described as "flaws" in our study we consider to be limitations that dictate a conservative interpretation of the results. With regard to their major concern, it should be understood, however, that misclassification of exposure, if random, tends to lead to the absence of an association rather than to a positive association.<sup>1</sup>Indeed, if the association between spermicides and congenital disorders is real, the estimates of the effect in our data are likely to be too small, since many of the women classified as exposed to spermicides were doubtless not exposed near the time of conception. As
CHARACTERISTICS OF FROG CARCINOMA IN TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Balduin Lucké
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

The adenocarcinoma of leopard frogs may be cultivated with ease in plasma media. In such cultures two types of growth occur with regularity. The first is in the form of tubules which promptly grow out in the solid medium and retain their tubular form as long as they remain completely enveloped by plasma. When, however, they make contact with the surface of the glass, they adhere to it, the part in contact becomes flat, and its cells now grow no longer as tubules but as membranes. The manner of growth in vitro resembles the growth of transplants of the same tumor in the anterior chamber of the living eye, thus suggesting that in each case the habit of growth is determined by the same morphogenetic factors, i.e. those inherent in the cells themselves, and those depending on interfacial forces. The malignant cells of the frog carcinoma have the attributes which in general distinguish malignant cells from normal cells of corresponding type. In comparison with adult kidney cells, their normal homologues, the conspicuous properties of frog carcinoma cells are: larger and more variable size and shape of cell body, of nucleus, and nucleolus; coarser and denser structure of cytoplasm, of nucleoplasm, and of nuclear membrane; increase in number of mitochondria, and more frequent occurrence of mitosis. These cytological characteristics remain unaltered in cultures maintained for as long as six months. Frog carcinoma is a transmissible disease due to an agent which induces inclusion bodies, and which has other attributes indicating that it is a virus. The general correspondence in character between its cells and the malignant cells of mammalian tumors of diverse origin suggests that neoplastic phenomena are essentially alike, no matter in what group of animals they occur or what their causal factors may be.
Mucosal infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Bacterial adaptation and mucosal defenses.
Authors: M S Cohen, P F Sparling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

tions of gonococci to selective pressures of the host.In this article we will review our current understanding of the patho- genesis of gonococcal infection at the mucosal surface.We hope to convey exciting advances made possible through the tools ofmolecular biology and more recent human experimen- tation.Gonococcal biology represents a model by which to under- stand the effects of selective pressure in vivo and a myriad of adaptive microbial strategies.Gonococcal aim 1: establishing infection Attachment (Fig. 1).The critical first step in establishing infec-
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. An Electrophysiological Study
Authors: D. J. Coltart, S. J. Meldrum
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Recordings of the transmembrane action potential of the cardiac myofibril from a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy showed that the repolarization time was appreciably prolonged and that the maximum rate of follow was grossly reduced. This electrical abnormality is compatible with the late and irregular activation of the ventricular muscle in the disease. Propranolol was found to produce a similar "quinidine-like" effect on the transmembrane actionpotential in both cardiomyopathic and control tissue.
Psychological distress and death from cardiovascular disease
Authors: G. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (2012)

May be related in a dose-response manner, but it is not clear how to intervene 

The association between psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular disease is often reported in observational studies, but the question of reverse causation has always loomed large. In a linked research study (doi:10.1136/bmj.e4933), Russ and colleagues investigated the association between psychological distress and death from cardiovascular disease (recorded on death certificates) by examining data on more than 60 000 people from 10 large cohort studies based on the Health Surveys for England.1 The authors excluded early deaths (in the first five years of follow-up) and therefore the likelihood of reverse causation. Although the possibility of confounding can never be completely excluded, after adjusting for several “lifestyle” factors and cardiovascular disease risk factors, the authors still found a dose-response association between psychological distress and death from cardiovascular disease. These findings add to evidence that suggests a causal association between psychological distress and cardiovascular disease.

In the English health surveys used by Russ and colleagues, psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).2 This assessment of mental health status …
Combined Ligation and Sclerotherapy Versus Ligation Alone for Eradication of Bleeding Esophageal Varices: A Randomized and Prospective Trial
Authors: D Djurdjevic, S Janosevic, B Dapcevic, V Vukcevic, D Djordjevic, P Svorcan, S Grgov
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

A number of trials have been reported in which a combination of ligation and sclerotherapy was compared with ligation alone, or with sclerotherapy alone. The present trial was carried out to assess whether the combined therapy might achieve more rapid eradication of bleeding esophageal varices.One hundred and three patients with either active bleeding or stigma of recent bleeding from esophageal varices were randomly assigned to receive ligation plus sclerotherapy, or ligation alone. Ligation was performed with the technique introduced by Stiegmann. Sclerotherapy was carried out using low-volume (1 ml) 1% aethoxysclerol, which was injected into varices proximal to each ligature. Further treatment sessions were held seven days later, and then at two-week intervals, until eradication of the varices was achieved. Endoscopic follow-up examinations were carried out at three-month intervals, or immediately if there was any recurrent bleeding. The mean follow-up period was 14 months.There were no significant differences between the groups of patients compared with regard to the number of sessions required to eradicate the varices (2.4 +/- 0.7 in the combined group, and 2.3 +/- 0.7 in the ligation group; p>0.05). No significant differences were found between the groups with regard to recurrent bleeding (Fp = 2.882; p > 0.05). Three cases of recurrent bleeding (6%) from treatment-induced ulcers and two cases of recurrent bleeding (4%) from duodenal ulcers were observed with the combined therapy and ligation, respectively. No significant differences in the mortality were found between the groups (Fp = 1.145; p>0.05). Two percent of patients in the ligation group died due to bacterial peritonitis.Since ligation combined with low-volume sclerotherapy did not reduce the time required for variceal eradication, it can be concluded that the combined therapy is not superior to ligation alone. This mode of endoscopic therapy for the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices is therefore not recommended.
Handbook of Pediatric Cardiology
Authors: Margaret H. Hanlon
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Pediatric cardiology becomes ever more complex, with the increasing complexity and number of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. There is need for a concise textbook of manageable size for those whose experience and study have not kept pace with progress in this field. It is difficult to strike a balance between a digest and an encyclopedia; the authors justify their choice of a middle ground not only in their conventional preface but indirectly in an "annotated reference list," which gives a thumbnail description of ten leading texts and sets their own work in perspective. As with many texts, this one began as a series of lectures, designed to "cover the field" of pediatric cardiology. Five years and many revisions later, it emerges as a slender book of less than 400 pages, quite likely to achieve its purpose as a basic introduction for medical students, general practitioners, and pediatric cardiologists. Somewhat less
Treatment and Prevention of Iron-Deficiency Anemia of Infancy
Authors: Jean D. Ross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

ALTHOUGH iron deficiency is the commonest cause of anemia in infancy, therapy is frequently confused. Type of medication, expected response, need for accessory agents, dosage and indications for prevention all present practical problems in management.Rapid growth and development profoundly influence the metabolism of iron during infancy. Varying complements of iron at birth and different growth rates result in marked variations in iron stores and requirements. Mild iron depletion, manifested as the "late physiologic anemia of infancy," is common toward the end of the first year of life.1 , 2 This condition, although responsive to iron, usually passes unnoticed and is improved . . .
Myocarditis after Smallpox/Vaccinia Immunization: Passive Vaccine Safety Surveillance Compared to Prospective Studies
Authors: R.J.M. Engler, L.C. Collins, B.T. Gibbs, B.A. Hemann, D.G. Gates, D.C. Cassimatis, J.E. Atwood, M.R. Nelson, C.E. Spooner, C.B. Wilson, R.L. Davis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Circulatory Disease from Exposure to Low-Level Ionizing Radiation and Estimates of Potential Population Mortality Risks
Authors: Mark P. Little, Tamara V. Azizova, Dimitry Bazyka, Simon D. Bouffler, Elisabeth Cardis, Sergey Chekin, Vadim V. Chumak, Francis A. Cucinotta, Florent de Vathaire, Per Hall, John D. Harrison, Guido Hildebrandt, Victor Ivanov, Valeriy V. Kashcheev, Sergiy V. Klymenko, Michaela Kreuzer, Olivier Laurent, Kotaro Ozasa, Thierry Schneider, Soile Tapio, Andrew M. Taylor, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Wendy L. Vandoolaeghe, Richard Wakeford, Lydia B. Zablotska, Wei Zhang, Steven E. Lipshultz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Although high doses of ionizing radiation have long been linked to circulatory disease, evidence for an association at lower exposures remains controversial. However, recent analyses suggest excess relative risks at occupational exposure levels.
No More Discrimination
Authors: Gusztav A. Batizy
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  I was delighted to read of Dr Cullison and his associates' original discovery in the article, Medical School Admissions, Specialty Selection, and Distribution of Physicians in the section of Original Contributions (235:502, 1976). As a result of their painstaking research, they found that a physician with a nonmetropolitan background more often chooses a nonmetropolitan area in which to practice. (I would like to suggest additional research to substantiate the following presumptions: physicians with nonmetropolitan backgrounds have more friends, relatives and most likely a spouse of nonmetropolitan background). I fully agree with Dr Cullison and his associates' original finding, however; I disagree with his conclusion. Namely, these data have implications for medical school admission policy.... I do not think that race, religion, ethnic background, sex, or population of birthplace should have any bearing on medical school admissions. Discrimination is not permitted according to the political standing or country
FDG PET/CT in Aortic Angiosarcoma
Authors: Louis Sibille, Diana Ilonca, Eric Oziol, Philippe Gandilhon, Antoine Micheau, Hélène Vernhet-Kovacsik, Dominique Pascal-Ortiz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 62-year-old woman was referred for general fatigue, left lower limb pain, and increased inflammatory blood markers. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated an intraluminal tumor in the distal portion of the thoracic aorta, which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with mild enhancement after gadolinium injection. Fluorodeoxyglucose/positron emission tomography/CT (FDG PET/CT) showed increased uptake at the location corresponding to the tumor and at the upper extremity of the left femur. Bone biopsy revealed a benign reactive fibrohistiocytic proliferation, whereas subsequent intravascular biopsy of the aortic mass studied by immunohistochemical method revealed a pattern suggestive of intimal angiosarcoma. Surgical treatment was refused by the patient because of the high risk of paraplegia.
Quantitation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA
Authors: David Gretch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 July 1996Quantitation of Hepatitis C Virus RNADavid Gretch, MD, PhD, Lawrence Corey, MD, and Robert Carithers Jr., MDDavid Gretch, MD, PhDUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA 98144Search for more papers by this author, Lawrence Corey, MDUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA 98144Search for more papers by this author, and Robert Carithers Jr., MDUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA 98144Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-2-199607150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Wilber and Urdea and the editorial of Tedeschi and Seeff [1] raise several useful points. Although we agree with most of the comments, we need to clarify several issues.With regard to the letter by Wilber and Urdea, we did not conclude that a prozone effect had occurred. Rather, we documented an unexpectedly high kit-to-kit variation in a subset of high-titer specimens, which showed a greater than 10-fold discordance between our reference assay (quantitative PCR) and the Chiron assay (bDNA). Because the linear range of quantitative PCR exceeds that of bDNA by several orders of magnitude, we ...REFERENCE1. Tedeschi V, Seeff LB. Diagnostic tests for hepatitis C: where are we now [Editorial]? Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:383-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David Gretch, MD, PhD; Lawrence Corey, MD; Robert Carithers Jr., MDAffiliations: University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98144 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1996Volume 125, Issue 2Page: 155-156KeywordsBiopsyChronic hepatitis CHepatitis C virusInfectious hepatitisInterferonsLiverLiver transplantationMorbidityQuality improvementRNA ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Failure-Reply
Authors: Roger C. Bone
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —The American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine held their consensus conference on the issue of definitions in sepsis in order to develop a terminology stressing the point that these conditions result from the body's own inflammatory responses. 1,2 The new terms systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome represent two separate phenomena that may share a common physiological basis—the runaway inflammatory response.  The term systemic inflammatory response syndrome should be considered as a more sensitive definition for the clinical entity that was previously termed the sepsis syndrome , while multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is comparable with what was frequently termed multiple organ failure (or any of a number of similar terms). An important difference here is that multiple organ dysfunction syndrome defines a continuum of dysfunctions, while the older terms are categorical definitions.  Systemic inflammatory response syndrome was purposefully provided with a broad definition,
Atorvastatin and pitavastatin enhance lipoprotein lipase production in L6 skeletal muscle cells through activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
Authors: Masahiro Ohira, Kei Endo, Atsuhito Saiki, Yoh Miyashita, Kensuke Terai, Takeyoshi Murano, Fusako Watanabe, Ichiro Tatsuno, Kohji Shirai
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Myocardial Ischemia in the Environmental Epidemiology of Arrhythmogenesis in the Women’s Health Initiative (EEAWHI) Study
Authors: Zhu-ming Zhang, Eric A. Whitsel, P. Miguel Quibrera, Richard L. Smith, Duanping Liao, Garnet L. Anderson, Ronald J. Prineas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundAmbient particulate matter (PM) air pollution is associated with coronary heart disease, but the pathways underlying the association remain to be elucidated.MethodsWe studied the association between PM and ischemia among 57,908 Women's Health Initiative clinical trial participants from 1999–2003. We used the Minnesota Code criteria to identify ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities, and estimated T amplitude (microvolt) from resting, standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). We used U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's monitor data to estimate concentrations of PM < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) at geocoded participant addresses over 6 days before the ECGs (lag0 through lag5). We excluded 2,379 women with ECG QRS duration ≥ 120 msec.ResultsOverall, 6% of the remaining 55,529 women (52–90 years of age; 83% non-Hispanic white) had ST abnormalities and 16% had T abnormalities. Lead-specific T amplitude was normally distributed (range of means from −14 to 349 μV). PM2.5 (mean ± SD) averaged over lag0–2 was 14 ± 7 μg/m3. In logistic and linear regression models adjusted for demographic, clinical, temporal, and climatic factors, a 10-μg/m3 increase in lag0–2 PM2.5 was associated with a 4% [95% confidence interval (CI), −3%, to 10%] increase in the odds of ST abnormality and a 5% (95% CI, 0% to 9%) increase in the odds of T abnormality. We observed corresponding decreases in T amplitude in all exam sites and leads except lead V1, reaching a minimum of −2 μV (95% CI, −5 to 0 μV) in lead V3.ConclusionsShort-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with ECG evidence of myocardial ischemia among postmenopausal women. The principal manifestations include subclinical but potentially arrhythmogenic ST–T abnormalities and decreases in T amplitude.
Deacylated lipopolysaccharide inhibits neutrophil adherence to endothelium induced by lipopolysaccharide in vitro.
Authors: T H Pohlman, R S Munford, J M Harlan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Selective deacylation of the nonhydroxylated fatty acids from S. typhimurium LPS by an acyloxyacyl hydrolase isolated from leukocytes reduces toxic activity of LPS in vivo. We examined the effect of deacylated LPS on neutrophil adherence to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVE). Pretreatment of HUVE with LPS (13 ng/ml for 4 h) produced a marked increase in the adherence of subsequently added neutrophils. In contrast, there was no increase in the adherence of neutrophils to HUVE pretreated with deacylated LPS (up to 260 ng/ml for 4 h). Neutrophil adherence to HUVE pretreated with LPS decreased as the degree of LPS deacylation increased. Deacylated LPS was not only itself inactive, but it inhibited neutrophil-endothelial interactions induced by LPS. Neutrophil adherence to HUVE pretreated with LPS was inhibited by deacylated LPS in a dose-dependent manner. Complete inhibition of adherence was observed at a 20:1 ratio (wt/wt) of deacylated LPS to LPS. Significantly, inhibition of neutrophil adherence to HUVE pretreated with LPS was observed even when deacylated LPS was added to HUVE up to 60 min after LPS. Deacylated LPS, however, did not inhibit neutrophil adherence induced by pretreatment of HUVE with IL-1 or TNF-alpha. We conclude that enzymatic deacylation of the nonhydroxylated fatty acids of LPS abolishes the ability of LPS to induce surface expression of a neutrophil adherence promoting activity in HUVE. Furthermore, deacylated LPS inhibits neutrophil adherence to HUVE induced by LPS, perhaps by preventing the interaction of LPS with a specific cell-surface or intracellular target.
Intra-Arterial Vasopressin Infusion — A Therapeutic Advance?
Authors: Allan R. Cooke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is still a major clinical problem and a major cause of death. Conservative methods of treating these patients remain unsatisfactory, and surgery is often the only alternative. In the management of these patients the blood volume is restored by transfusions initially, and then attempts are made to stop the bleeding and to find the cause. Efficient methods are available to correct the hypovolemia, but inability to stop the bleeding continues to be a problem.There are a number of methods used to stop bleeding, but all are wanting. Although most medical centers use local hypothermia (e.g., . . .
Acquired Angioedema Type I (AAE-I) Associated to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: P. Vasquez, M.A. Sgrazzutti, P. Domenichini, A.E. Romanelli, R.D. Rebagliati, G.D. Ramón, S. Garbiero
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Clinical Comparison of Technetium-99m-N,N??-bis(Mercaptoacetyl)-2,3-Diaminopropanoate with Technetium-99m DTPA for Renal Imaging
Authors: CHRISTOPHER C. KUNI, WILLIAM C. KLINGENSMITH, A R FRITZBERG, V M SPITZER, JAMES L. LATTEIER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

We studied 14 patients having serum creatinines of 1.0 to 12.8 mg/dl with either Tc-99m-N,N'-bis(mercaptoacetyl)-2,3-diaminopropanoate (CO2-DADS) or Tc-99m DTPA, and within 48 hours with the other agent. Analog and digital images of the kidneys and bladder were acquired for 30 minutes after injection and after voiding. The kidney-to-background ratio at 3 minutes for Tc-99m CO2-DADS was 2.01 +/- 0.79 (mean +/- SD) times that for Tc-99m DTPA (P less than 0.001). The parenchymal transit time for Tc-99m CO2-DADS was 1.34 +/- 0.25 (mean +/- SD) times that for Tc-99m DTPA (P less than 0.005). The percent-excreted dose at 30 minutes for Tc-99m CO2-DADS was 2.57 +/- 1.24 (mean +/- SD) times that for Tc-99m DTPA (P less than 0.001). Analog Tc-99m CO2-DADS images showed spatial resolution comparable to that for Tc-99m DTPA. Hepatobiliary excretion was never seen. Tc-99m CO2-DADS appears to be generally superior to Tc-99m DTPA as a renal radiopharmaceutical.