tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of the retinoblastoma protein in the pathogenesis of human cancer.
Authors: W R Sellers, W G Kaelin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

The retinoblastoma gene (RB-1) was originally identified as the gene involved in hereditary retinoblastoma. However, RB-1 mutations are found in a number of common mesenchymal and epithelial malignancies. The retinoblastoma protein (pRB) acts as a transcriptional regulator of genes involved in DNA synthesis and cell-cycle control. In this regard, the functional interaction between pRB and the E2F transcription factor family appears to be critical. The pRB-E2F interaction is, in turn, regulated by a pathway that includes cyclin D1, cdk4, and p16. Mutations that affect this pathway have been documented in nearly every type of adult cancer. Thus, perturbation of pRB function may be required for the development of cancer. Insights into the biochemical functions of pRB, and its upstream regulators, may form the basis for the development of novel antineoplastic agents.
Relationship Between Dissociation, Childhood Sexual Abuse, Childhood Physical Abuse, and Mental Illness in a General Population Sample
Authors: Roger T. Mulder, Annette L. Beautrais, Peter R. Joyce, David M. Fergusson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, childhood physical abuse, current psychiatric illness, and measures of dissociation in an adult population.The authors used a randomly selected sample of 1,028 individuals. Each subject completed a semistructured face-to-face interview that included measures of childhood sexual abuse, childhood physical abuse, DSM-III-R psychiatric diagnoses, and selected items from the Dissociative Experiences Scale.Many individuals experienced occasional dissociative symptoms, and 6.3% of the population suffered from three or more frequently occurring dissociative symptoms. Among these individuals, the rate of childhood sexual abuse was two and one-half times as high, the rate of physical abuse was five times as high, and the rate of current psychiatric disorder was four times as high as the respective rates for the other subjects. Logistic regression modeling showed that physical abuse and current psychiatric illness were directly related to a high rate of dissociative symptoms but sexual abuse was not. The influence of sexual abuse was due to its associations with current psychiatric illness and with childhood physical abuse. Childhood physical abuse was not directly related to current psychiatric illness. Its association appeared to be mediated by its link to childhood sexual abuse.This study confirms that a small proportion (approximately 6%) of the general population suffer from high levels of dissociative symptoms. It calls into question the hypothesized direct relationship between childhood sexual abuse and adult dissociative symptoms.
Bronchoscopic approach in the treatment of postoperative bronchopleural fistula
Authors: Levent Dalar, Ahmet Levent Karasulu, Sinem Nedime Sokucu, Cengiz Ozdemir, Seda Onur, Muzaffer Metin, Adnan Sayar, Mehmet Ali Bedirhan, Atilla Gurses, Sedat Altin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aim: Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is one of the worst complications of thorasic surgery. Its incidence is between 0,8-15%. Its mortality can reach up to 70%. Most important reason of death is accompanying aspiration pneumonia or ARDS.  Method: Consecutive 13 cases that were treated with bronchoscopically due to postoperative bronchopleural fistula were evaluated.  Results: Twelve of the patients were male. Mean age was 55,6 (35-71. Fistula was located at the right in 9 cases while located on the left in 4 of them. Resection was applied to seven of the cases for squamous cell carcinoma, one of the cases for adenocarcinoma, one of the cases for aspergilloma and one of the cases for tuberculosis sequela. Silicon Y stent was placed in eight, metallic conic stent was placed in two and straight silicon stent was placed in one of the cases. In one of the cases in which empyema surgery was applied, lingula segments were closed by spigots. Small size fistule was closed by coagulation. Three of the cases were died 6, 35 and 94 days after the stent insertion. Procedures were successful in eight, partly successful in one and not successful in four of the cases.  Conclusion: If surgical reconstructive repair could not be done in postoperative bronchopleural fistula, mortality is high. In these cases, bronchoscopic treatment is the only treatment option. Cure can be optained in some of the cases in which infection control is maintained. Survival is significantly increased in cases with wide fistulas after stent insertion.
Validation of a new polygraphy device for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)
Authors: Ulrike Domanski, K.H. Ruhle, Margarit Laurent, Maria Stoica, A. Hogrebe, M.P. D'Ortho, Georg Nilius
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Snoring and OSA are such common problems that there is the potential to overwhelm the capacity of sleep laboratories. The goal of this study is to validate a new portable respiratory monitoring device (Alice PDX) against PSG during laboratory recordings, and to assess the devices ability to predict the presence of OSA in the home environment.   Methods:  45 suspected OSA patients (84.4% male, age 52.8±1.9 years, BMI 30.7±1.1 kg/m 2 , neck circumference 43.3±0.8 cm and an ESS 9.9±0.7) were randomized to receive the following diagnostic routines over 3 nights: 1 night with self applied Alice PDX at home, 1 night simultaneous in Lab Polysomnography (PSG) and Alice PDX recording, and 1 in Lab PSG. The data were anonymised and then manually scored according to AASM criteria.  Paired t tests were used to compare each diagnostic modality to the reference in lab PSG, and correlation co-efficient calculated. Finally, the rate of diagnostic agreement was calculated.   Results:  The Alice PDX was in diagnostic agreement with the simultaneously recorded reference PSG in 91.2% of studies. In 4.4% of studies the Alice PDX underestimated the AHI and on 4.4% of occasions the Alice PDX overestimated the AHI. Similar levels diagnostic agreement were observed when comparing PDX Home, and PSG Lab to the reference PSG recording.   Conclusions:  The Alice PDX shows a high level of diagnostic agreement against PSG when used simultaneously and on a separate occasion at home. When used at home, the level of agreement is similar to a PSG performed on a separate occasion.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Human Organ of Corti
Authors: A Wright
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

The human cochlea has been preserved from post-mortem autolysis by perfusion with a fixative shortly after death. Subsequent staining with osmium permits dissection of this structure from the temporal bone. (Temporal bones were obtained from eight patients). When prepared for examination in the scanning electron microscope, the auditory sensory cells are found to be located in the band-like organ of Corti which extends the length of the cochlea. The sensory cells have a cluster of stereocilia projecting from their free upper surface and because of this are called hair cells. The hair cells are divided into two separate groups: a single row of inner hair cells, which show little variation in their surface appearance along the length of the cochlea, and three or four rows of outer hair cells whose cilia change in conformation and increase in length along the cochlea.
Assessment of bronchodilator response in children with asthma. Dutch CNSLD Study Group
Authors: HJ Waalkens, PJ Merkus, EE van Essen-Zandvliet, PL Brand, J Gerritsen, EJ Duiverman, KF Kerrebijn, KK Knol, PH Quanjer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

The bronchodilator response (BDR) in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is routinely assessed to estimate the reversibility of airways obstruction. However, there is no consensus on how the BDR should be expressed, and recommendations applying to children are lacking. Similarly, the relationship between BDR and nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness to histamine (BHR) has not been elucidated. These questions were addressed in 116 children, 7-16 yrs of age, with stable asthma after withdrawal of all pulmonary maintenance medication. Inclusion criteria were an initial FEV1 between 55-90% predicted, and/or FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) between 50-75%, as well as a fall in FEV1 of 20% or more when challenged with up to 150 micrograms histamine. The change in FEV1 (delta FEV1) 20 min after inhalation of 800 micrograms salbutamol was expressed in four ways: as an absolute difference (delta FEV1(l)), as a percentage of predicted FEV1 (delta FEV1%pred) or initial FEV1 (delta FEV1%init), and as a percentage of the deficit in FEV1 (delta FEV1%(pred-init)). delta FEV1%init and delta FEV1%pred were not related to age and stature of the children; delta FEV1%(pred-init) was related to stature, whilst delta FEV1(l) was related to both age and stature. All indices correlated with initial FEV1. However, this is an artefact introduced by relating change to initial value, rather than to the mean of initial and final value. In fact, BDR, expressed as delta FEV1%pred, was only slightly greater in children with the lowest initial airway calibre (p = 0.08), unlike delta FEV1%init. BDR was weakly related to BHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A worldwide perspective of nursing home pneumonia beside community acquired pneumonia
Authors: Adamantia Liapikou, Eva Polverino, Catia Cilloniz, Paula Peyrani, Julio Ramirez, Rosario Menendez, Antoni Torres
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Nursing home acquired pneumonia (NHAP) is the leading cause of death among long-term care patients and the second most common cause of transfers to hospital. The objective of the study was to characterize the incidence, microbial etiology and clinical outcomes of NHAP requiring hospitalization in comparison with Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) patients.   Methods:  A secondary analysis of 5176 patients from the Community Acquired Pneumonia Organization database (CAPO) was performed. World regions were defined as North America (I), Latin America (II), Europe (III), and Asia and Africa (IV).   Results:  287 patients (6%) were identified as NHAP (mean age 80 yrs). The incidence of NHAP was 31, 39, 28, and 1% in the regions I, II, III, IV, respectively. Thirty two patients (11%) required ICU admission. Etiology was defined in 1403 (27%) of CAP cases instead of 68 (24%) pts with NHAP. The most common isolated pathogens included Streptocococus pneumoniae (34%), Staphylococcus spp (7%) and Haemophilus influenzae (8.5%). Gram(-) pathogens and Staphylococcus spp.(29%) were more common in patients with NHAP, particularly in North America. The NHAP presented more frequently with pleural effusions (28% vs. 19%) and multilobar involvement (31% vs. 24%) than CAP patients. Time to clinical stability was 5.9 days in NHAP and 4.7 days in CAP patients (p   Conclusions:  NHAP patients over the world and can be considered a different clinical entity in terms of presentation, microbiology, clinical course and mortality.
Determinants of severity of dyspnea in COPD
Authors: Irina Trofimenko, Boris Chernyak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Severity of dyspnea in COPD patients with comparable FEV1 is highly variable.  Aim: To compare clinical and functional parameters in COPD patients with varying dyspnea degree.  Methods: 88 COPD outpatients (GOLD II) aged 42-80 years were studied. COPD symptoms, spirometry and body plethysmography parameters, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to methacholine challenge and concentration of serum biomarkers were analyzed. Depending on a dyspnea level all patients were divided two groups: 1-group (MRC 0-2) - 48 patients, 2-group (MRC 3) - 40 patients. Determinants of differences of degree of dyspnea were identified by means discriminant analysis.  Results: FEV1 values were similar in both groups (p = 0,58). Among clinical characteristics were defined a contribution to the difference of level dyspnea: COPD duration (F=22,8; p  Patients of the 2-nd group (MRC 3) were older (p = 0,042) and their COPD duration was 2,2 times longer (p  Conclusion: Significant dyspnea-related differences in COPD II patients is based mainly on COPD duration, exacerbations frequency, BHR, RV and age of patients.
Is analysis of exhaled breath condensate equivalent to that of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
Authors: Kunihiko Nakamura, Megumi Mikuniya, Shingo Takanashi, Akihito Hayashi, Takeshi Morimoto, Kageaki Taima, Ken Okumura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Although the analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is the most useful examination for the assessment of airway inflammatory markers, it is an invasive technique with limitations and risks for side effects.   Aims:  The aim of this study was to examine the molecules included in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in comparison with BALF, and to clarify the clinical usability of EBC.   Methods:  EBC was collected from sixteen subjects suspected to have sarcoidosis just before BAL. The 40 different inflammatory molecules in EBC and BALF were analyzed with a protein array method.   Results:  BALF levels of 6 inflammatory molecules including soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (sTNF-RII) and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were significantly correlated with the percentage of lymphocyte in BALF (%Lym). EBC levels of 13 inflammatory molecules including sTNF-RII and RANTES were significantly correlated with%Lym. We found significant correlations between the levels of EBC and BALF in 16 out of 40 inflammatory molecules. Levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), RANTES, TNF-α and sTNF-RII in EBC were significantly correlated with those in BALF. Their levels in EBC and BALF also were correlated with%Lym.   Conclusion:  Highly sensitive approach to protein array in EBC allowed us to detect inflammatory molecules. Comprehensive analysis of EBC might be equivalent to that of BALF.
A comparison of patients with chronic cough referred to a specialist cough and a general respiratory clinic
Authors: Rachel Harding, Sarah Chamberlain, Swapna Mandal, Nicholas Hart, Rachel Garrod, Surinder Birring
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction; The clinical characteristics of patients referred to specialist cough clinics (SCC) are likely to differ to those attending general respiratory clinics (GRC). The aim of this study was to compare the demographics, investigations and diagnoses of patients referred to SCC and GRC. Methods; Hospital records were screened for consecutive patients attending clinic between February and May 2012. Duration of cough, number of clinic visits, investigations performed and diagnosis on discharge were recorded. Results; The mean age of patients attending SCC and GCC was 55(15) vs. 50(16) years (p=0.15).67% were female in SCC compared to 58% in GRC (p=0.24).15% of patients were current smokers in GRC clinic compared to 0% in SCC (p  The prevalence of gastro-oesophageal-cough was low in both clinics. Patients attended fewer clinics at the SCC; 2.3 vs. 3.1 visits, p=0.003). Conclusion; This study demonstrates that patients attending a general clinic are more likely to be smokers and have a post-viral chronic cough. SCC patients have a longer duration of cough and are more likely to be unexplained following investigation.
Myeloablative Conditioning With PBSC Grafts For T-Replete Haploidentical Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Using Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide Results In Universal Engraftment, Low Rates Of Gvhd, NRM and Excellent Survival Outcomes: An Analysis Of Two Consecutive Phase II Studies From a Single Center
Authors: Scott R. Solomon, Stephanie Jacobson, Ocn Ocn, Melissa Sanacore, Xu Zhang, Connie Sizemore, Stacy Brown, H. Kent Holland, Lawrence E. Morris, Asad Bashey
Journal: Blood (2013)
Fireworks and the Eye
Authors: S A Vernon
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

A prospective study involving all casualty departments in Trent Region and 81% of the major eye units in UK was performed to determine ocular morbidity from the use of fireworks during 1986. A serious injury was defined as involving admission to hospital and/or intraocular damage. Of all the injuries from fireworks, 16.7% seen at major eye units were serious and were caused by rockets or exploding fireworks ( P&lt; 0.001). Only 53% of all injuries and 12.5% of serious injuries involved children, and in contrast to the 1950s and early 1960s, young adults appear at greatest risk in the 1980s. Legislation to reduce ocular morbidity should concentrate on restricting the use of rockets and exploding fireworks and encouraging the use of suitable eye protection.
Effects of Changing Horse and Fetal Calf Serum Supplements on Neoplastic Conversion and Chromosomal Characteristics of Mouse Embryo Cells &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;
Authors: William F. Andresen, Jay L. Jackson, John T. Mitchell, Virginia J. Evans
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Cell lines of minced C3H/HeN mouse embryo cells were established in vitro in medium NCTC 135 containing either horse serum (HS) or fetal calf serum (FCS) supplement. Serum supplements were changed at 15, 60, and 90 days to make the sublines, which were maintained in parallel with the parent lines. Cells that became neoplastically converted produced tumors at the injection sites in young, male syngeneic animals. Neoplastic conversion was irreversible in cells exposed to HS for even so short a time as 15 days, though they were changed to FCS for continuous growth. Generally, the longer the time in HS before transfer to FCS, the shorter the time in vitro required for neoplastic conversion. Cells initiated in FCS and maintained in HS for continuous growth appeared converted, as if originated and maintained in HS. Cells changed from FCS to HS were usually converted much faster than those changed from HS to FCS. Cells initiated and maintained in FCS were not converted within the test period. Neoplastic conversion was not prevented by changing from HS to FCS. Thus HS seemed more active than FCS in neoplastic conversion. Cultures changed from either HS or FCS to a mixture of equal volumes of these serums gave no conclusive results. Evaluation of chromosomal characteristics of the cells before and after serum changes indicated no correlation with neoplastic conversion, nor did the data warrant hypotheses concerning any consistent effect of either HS or FCS on specific chromosomal alterations of cells in vitro. Some theoretical considerations are offered to explain the roles of the two serums.
Lung cancer in Berlin - Therapeutic concepts and their impact on survival in patients with NSCLC stage II/III from 2000 to 2008
Authors: Torsten Blum, Stephan Eggeling, Christian Gogoll, Christian Grah, Christian Grohé, Christel Lauer, Gunda Leschber, Jens Neudecker, Wulf Pankow, Bernd Schicke, Paul Schneider, Nicolas Schoenfeld, Christian Witt, Anita Jagota
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Backgroud:  The Tumorzentrum Berlin (TZB) amalgamates the clinical data of lung cancer pts. in order to improve pt. care by means of joint quality assurance.   Aims:  to evaluate the effect of changing therapeutic concepts on survival times in pts. with newly diagnosed NSCLC stage II/III from 2000 to 2008.   Methods:  In this retrospective case study, the pooled data of the TZB of pts. with newly diagnosed lung cancer during 2000 and 2008 were analyzed. Pts. were divided into three 3-year groups (G1: 2000-2, G2: 2003-5 and G3: 2006-8).   Results:  The total cohort comprised 14,302 pts.  For pts. with NSCLC stage II/III, the proportions of pts. with surgery and adjuv. therapy increased in G2 and G3.  Kaplan-Meier survival analysis could not demonstrate significant differences between G1 and G2/3 in general, but for pts. with NSCLC stage II and III.   Conclusions:   According to the pooled data of the TZB, the analysis of therapeutic concepts spotted an increase of surgery and adjuv. therapy among pts. with NSCLC stage II/III over time corresponding with an improvement in survival in these groups.
Relationship of chemotherapy-induced necrosis and surgical margins to local recurrence in osteosarcoma.
Authors: P Picci, L Sangiorgi, B T Rougraff, J R Neff, R Casadei, M Campanacci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

To assess patients with high-grade osteosarcoma treated at our institution for various prognostic factors for the development of local recurrence of disease. Follow-up data were available for all patients and the mean follow-up duration was 65 months in surviving patients.There were 28 local recurrences in this study (7%). Of these, only three patients (11%) were alive at the most recent follow-up point, 28, 53, and 54 months after local recurrence. None of 59 patients who were treated primarily with a radical amputation and none of 10 who underwent a rotationplasty developed local recurrence. Four of 48 patients (8%) who had wide amputations, one of whom had an intralesional amputation, and 23 of 237 (10%) who had limb-salvage surgery developed locally recurrent disease. Of 237 patients who underwent limb-sparing resection, three prognostic factors for local control were identified. The strongest association with local recurrence was chemotherapy response (P < .0001), followed closely by surgical margins (P = .0001). Older patients were more likely to have locally recurrent disease (P = .033), with each decade of life older than the first decade having a relative risk of 1.5 times greater per decade (SE = 0.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.034 to .0650). Factors that were not associated with local recurrence included sex, date of diagnosis, and anatomic site of disease.Chemotherapy-induced tumor necrosis and surgical margins are important prognostic factors for local control of patients with osteosarcoma.
Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Liposomal Amphotericin B Versus Conventional Amphotericin B in the Empirical Treatment of Persistently Febrile Neutropenic Patients
Authors: Pablo J. Cagnoni, Thomas J. Walsh, Mary M. Prendergast, David Bodensteiner, Sharon Hiemenz, Richard N. Greenberg, Carola A. S. Arndt, Mindy Schuster, Nita Seibel, Vijay Yeldandi, Kuo B. Tong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: In a randomized, double-blind, comparative, multicenter trial, liposomal amphotericin B was equivalent to conventional amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in febrile neutropenic patients, using a composite end point, but was more effective in reducing proven emergent fungal infections, infusion-related toxicities, and nephrotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacoeconomics of liposomal versus conventional therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Itemized hospital billing data were collected on 414 patients from 19 of the 32 centers that participated in the trial. Hospital length of stay and costs from the first dose of study medication to the time of hospital discharge were assessed. RESULTS: Hospital costs from the time of first dose to discharge were significantly higher for all patients who received liposomal amphotericin B ($48,962 v $43,183; P = .022). However, hospital costs were highly sensitive to the cost of study medication ($39,648 v $43,048 when drug costs were not included; P = .416). Using decision analysis models and sensitivity analyses to vary the cost of study medications and the risk of nephrotoxicity, the break-even points for the cost of liposomal therapy were calculated to range from $72 to $87 per 50 mg for all patients and $83 to $112 per 50 mg in allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients. CONCLUSION: The cost of liposomal amphotericin B and patient risk for developing nephrotoxicity play large roles in determining whether liposomal amphotericin B is cost-effective as first-line empirical therapy in persistently febrile neutropenic patients.