tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ARACHNODACTYLY AND STATUS DYSRAPHICUS; A REVIEW
Authors: Ralph H. Pino, Edmond L. Cooper, Stefan Van Wien
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1937)

PART I. ARACHNODACTYLY The clinical picture of arachnodactyly as described by Marfan is so characteristic that one having it in mind could hardly fail to recognize it. Since the original description little has been added; there have, however, been an increasing number of case reports in recent years. We have been able to find but 13 reports of the disease in the English-speaking literature since 1903 and of these only three came from this country. It becomes apparent then that the condition is relatively unknown on this continent and it is equally true that the diagnosis will be made more
Psychiatry in Medical Education.
Authors: Franklin G. Ebaugh, Charles A. Rymer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1942)

The development of psychiatry during the time which has elapsed since the first world war has been little short of phenomenal. From an isolated specialty, limited almost entirely to the walls of the mental hospital or the courtroom, it has grown into a large field of medicine closely related to internal medicine, surgery and the other specialties, has emphasized the preventive aspects through child guidance and mental hygiene clinics, has invaded industry, the schools and correctional institutions, and now numbers as well many practitioners in private practice. The present volume records fully the corresponding developments which have taken place in the teaching of psychiatry in medical schools and in the postgraduate period. Great strides have been made, fostered and encouraged by the Commonwealth Fund, the Rockefeller Foundation, the National Committee for Mental Hygiene and the American Psychiatric Association. In this development Dr. Ebaugh has had a conspicuous part, and he
Brief Communication: Tamoxifen Therapy for Nonmalignant Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Authors: Eric F.H. van Bommel, Tadek R. Hendriksz, Antonius W.L.C. Huiskes, Antoine G.M. Zeegers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Anecdotal case reports suggest tamoxifen as a possible treatment for retroperitoneal fibrosis, but a systematic assessment of its effect is not available. Objective: To describe the course and outcomes of patients with nonmalignant retroperitoneal fibrosis treated with tamoxifen. Design: Prospective, consecutive series. Setting: Single tertiary care referral center. Patients: 19 patients with nonmalignant retroperitoneal fibrosis treated with tamoxifen from April 1998 through April 2005. Intervention: Tamoxifen, 20 mg orally twice daily. Measurements: Clinical improvement, laboratory variables, and follow-up computed tomography (CT) and gallium scan findings. Results: Fifteen patients reported substantial resolution of symptoms after a median treatment duration of 2.5 weeks. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein also improved. Gallium scanning at follow-up showed incomplete disappearance of pathologic gallium-67 activity. Repeated CT scanning showed slow but steady mass regression in 14 of 15 clinical responders. Five patients failed treatment, including 1 patient who improved clinically. Disease recurred in 1 patient who responded to reintroduction of tamoxifen. One patient developed reversible hepatitis. Limitations: This small observational study did not have a control group. Conclusion: Tamoxifen may be a viable therapeutic option in the treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis.
Studies on the Protein Defect in Tangier Disease
Authors: Samuel E. Lux, Robert I. Levy, Antonio M. Gotto, Donald S. Fredrickson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

High density lipoproteins (d 1.063-1.210 g/ml) were isolated from the plasma of normal individuals (HDL) and seven homozygous patients with Tangier disease (HDLt). In Tangier patients, the concentration of protein in the high density region (HDLt) was only 0.5-4.5% of normal. Immunochemical studies, including mixing experiments conducted in vivo and in vitro, indicated that HDLt was different from HDL. HDLt was the only high density lipoprotein detectable in the plasma of Tangier homozygotes. In heterozygotes both HDL and HDLt were present. HDLt was not detected in the plasma of over 300 normal persons and 10 patients with secondary high density lipoprotein deficiency and appeared to be a unique marker for Tangier disease.ApoHDL contained two major apoproteins designated apoLp-Gln-I and apoLp-Gln-II; together they comprised 85-90% of the total protein content. Both of the major HDL apoproteins were present in apoHDLt; but apoLp-Gln-I was disproportionately decreased with respect to apoLp-Gln-II, the ratio of their concentrations being 1: 12 in apoHDLt as compared with 3: 1 in apoHDL. Several minor apoprotein components which together comprise 5-15% of apoHDL were present in approximately normal proportions in apoHDLt. In the HDL of Tangier patients it was estimated that, compared with normal individuals, the concentration of apoLp-Gln-I was decreased about 600-fold and the concentration of apoLp-Gln-II about 17-fold. The decrease in these apoproteins was not due to preferential segregation with the lipoprotein fractions of d < 1.063 g/ml or with the plasma proteins of d > 1.21 g/ml. Tangier apoLp-Gln-I and apoLp-Gln-II appeared to be immunochemically identical with their normal counterparts, and no differences between the two sets of apoproteins were detected on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.4 or 2.9. These results are most compatible with the hypothesis that the hereditary defect in Tangier disease is a mutation in an allele-regulating synthesis of apoLp-Gln-I.
Essentials of Endocrinology
Authors: J. L. H. O'Riordan, P. G. Malan, R. P. Gould
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Di Bella's therapy: the last word?
Authors: M. Mullner
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Papers p 224 and Reviews p 268 

Wonder cures for cancer appear regularly. The latest comes from Italian physiologist Luigi Di Bella, whose “multitherapy” comprises a mixture of melatonin, bromocriptine, somatostatin, a solution of retinoids, and, depending on the kind of cancer, either cyclophosphamide or hydroxyurea. Political and media support for Di Bella's treatment led to the courts ruling that Italian hospitals must provide it.1 But research that we publish today (p 224),2 which has already been reported in the media, suggests that the treatment is ineffective and toxic. The research could, however, have been better designed.

The researchers, who were funded by the Italian government, conducted 11independent uncontrolled multicentre trials …
Abstract 2905: The activity of a new class of biologics: trastuzumab conjugates designed to treat brain metastases of HER2+ breast cancers
Authors: Timothy Vitalis, Wilfred Jefferies, Reinhard Gabathuler
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against HER2, is an effective therapy for the treatment of peripheral HER2+ breast cancer. However, a significant number of patients eventually succumb to the disease due to brain metastases. In these patients trastuzumab is no longer effective because the blood brain barrier reduces distribution of trastuzumab to the brain tumor. In this study, we conjugate trastuzumab to melanotransferrin (MTf), a protein of the transferrin family, which has been shown to cross the blood brain barrier, and characterize its anti-tumor activity. We used thiol-malemide linkage to conjugate trastuzumab to MTf and generated a mixture of trastuzumab-MTf species of varying molar ratios. Size exclusion chromatography was used to enriched for the 1:1 heterodimer fraction and this fraction was designated as BT2111. The activity of BT2111 against human HER2+ breast cancer cell lines was tested with a cytotoxicity assay, an antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay, and in a peripheral tumor xenograft model. At equimolar equivalents, BT2111 had greater anti-tumor activity than trastuzumab against HER2+ human breast cancer cell lines (SKBR3 and BT474). Furthermore, significant ADCC activity directed against BT474 cells was observed when cells were treated with BT2111 and incubated with human NK cells. Finally, both BT2111 and trastuzumab completely inhibited the growth of peripheral xenograft tumors (BT474) in athymic mice over the course of the experimental period (5-6 weeks). Conjugation of trastuzumab to MTf does not alter the in vivo anti-tumor activity of trastuzumab, supporting the conclusion that HER2 binding and Fc receptor binding was not significantly affected by conjugation. BT2111 is the first example of a new class of biologics that demonstrates the ability to inhibit the growth of peripheral HER2+ tumors and has the added benefit of penetrating the brain for the treatment of HER2+ brain metastases. Citation Format: Timothy Vitalis, Wilfred Jefferies, Reinhard Gabathuler. The activity of a new class of biologics: trastuzumab conjugates designed to treat brain metastases of HER2+ breast cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2905. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2905
Abstract 2524: Promising early-stage novel androgen receptor antagonists in head-head comparisons with Enzalutamide and Bicalutamide
Authors: Arthur Y. Shaw, Vijay Gokhale, Christopher Hulme, Steven P. Stratton
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in developed countries. The androgen receptor (AR) is a key molecular target in the etiology and progression of the disease where the early stages of prostate cancer tumor growth are androgen dependent and respond well to androgen ablation and androgen receptor antagonists. However, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) typically develops in 1-2 years after androgen deprivation therapy and AR antagonist administration. Despite promising results from the recently approved second-generation AR antagonist Enzalutamide (MDV3100), CRPC remains a largely unmet medical need with less than a 15% 5-year survival rate. This poster introduces the discovery of a novel series of significantly structurally distinct small-molecule androgen antagonists from current therapeutics with promising biological profiles in (1) an FP binding assay, (2) a GeneBlazerTM functional assay and (3) a study of anti-proliferative activity against LNCaP cell growth. One of several promising compounds from a current collection of ∼100 analogs is exemplified by AR002. CompoundFP AR binding assay (IC50)GeneBlazerTM β-lactamase reporter assay (IC50)LNCAP cell growth inhibition (GI50)AR002328.7 nM557 nM2.3 μMEnzalutamide920 nM1150 nM11.65 μMBicalutamide145 nM1370 nM30.68 μM In summary, a novel class of AR antagonists has been identified, encouragingly demonstrating potent activity against AR and inhibition of cell growth in the prostate specific line LNCaP. Citation Format: Arthur Y. Shaw, Vijay Gokhale, Christopher Hulme, Steven P. Stratton. Promising early-stage novel androgen receptor antagonists in head-head comparisons with Enzalutamide and Bicalutamide. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2524. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2524
Michael E. DeBakey, MD
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical features and prognosis of multiple primary malignancies in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Young June Jeon, Yong Sik Kwon, Chi Young Jung
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background 

With advance in diagnostic tools and treatment modalities, survival time for cancer patients has been prolonged and the incidence of multiple primary malignancies has increased. The aim of the present study was to analyze the characteristics and prognosis of multiple primary malignancies in patients with lung cancer.

Methods 

We retrospectively evaluated 214 patients with multiple primary malignancies involving lung cancer at the Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, who had been registered in the Korea Central Cancer Registry from January 2002 to December 2011.

Results 

Of the 2493 patients with lung cancer, 214 (8.6%) patients had at least one other malignancy. The subjects were divided into three groups: group A with synchronous (n=70), group B with lung cancer first (n=26), and group C with other cancer first (n=118). The most common sites of cancers preceding or following lung cancer were stomach in 62 (27.1%) patients, followed by head and neck (n=24), colorectum (n=23), thyroid (n=22), lung (n=18) and cervix (n=10). Median survival was higher in group B (66 months) than group A (10 months) and group C (12 months) (Log-rank test, p<0.001). Multivariate Cox analyses showed that group B presented still higher survival than group A (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-4.70; p=0.018) and group B (adjusted HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.11-4.37; p=0.023). Patients with earlier stages and surgical resection also had higher survival.

Conclusion 

The malignancies most frequently accompanying lung cancer were the smoking-related or more frequent cancers in Korea. The patients with lung cancer first showed better prognosis.
209. Gene Silencing of Human Huntingtin Using Lentivirus-Delivered shRNA
Authors: Scott Q. Harper, Patrick D. Staber, Christine R. Rowley, Xiaohua He, Ines H. Martins, Qinwen Mao, Henry L. Paulson, Beverly L. Davidson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by polyglutamine expansion in huntingtin protein. Accumulation of mutant, toxic huntingtin in human patients and some HD mouse models leads to neurodegeneration, neurological impairment, and premature death. An effective treatment will require a reduction of mutant huntingtin. Induction of RNA interference (RNAi) by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) may be a feasible approach to suppress huntingtin gene expression and prevent its toxic accumulation in neurons. We hypothesize that stable expression of huntingtin-specific shRNA using feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vectors will provide long-term gene silencing, reduce mutant huntingtin expression and prevent or reverse HD-associated symptoms.
Association between Arsenic Suppression of Adipogenesis and Induction of CHOP10 via the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response
Authors: Yongyong Hou, Peng Xue, Courtney G. Woods, Xia Wang, Jingqi Fu, Kathy Yarborough, Weidong Qu, Qiang Zhang, Melvin E. Andersen, Jingbo Pi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

There is growing evidence that chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is associated with an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the mechanisms for the diabetogenic effect of iAs are still largely unknown. White adipose tissue (WAT) actively stores and releases energy and maintains lipid and glucose homeostasis.We sought to determine the mechanisms of arsenic suppression of adipogenesis.The effects and associated mechanisms of iAs and its major metabolites on adipogenesis were determined in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, mouse adipose-derived stromal-vascular fraction cells (ADSVFCs), and human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs).Exposure of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to noncytotoxic levels of arsenic, including inorganic arsenite (iAs3+, ≤ 5 μM), inorganic arsenate (≤ 20 μM), trivalent monomethylated arsenic (MMA3+, ≤ 1 μM), and trivalent dimethylated arsenic (DMA3+, ≤ 2 μM) decreased adipogenic hormone-induced adipogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, iAs3+, MMA3+, and DMA3+ exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on adipogenesis in primary cultured mouse ADSVFCs and human ADSCs. Time-course studies in 3T3-L1 cells revealed that inhibition of adipogenesis by arsenic occurred in the early stage of terminal adipogenic differentiation and was highly correlated with the induction of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP10), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response protein. Induction of CHOP10 by arsenic is associated with reduced DNA-binding activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), which regulates the transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and C/EBPα.Low-level iAs and MMA3+ trigger the ER stress response and up-regulate CHOP10, which inhibits C/EBPβ transcriptional activity, thus suppressing adipogenesis. Arsenic-induced dysfunctional adipogenesis may be associated with a reduced capacity of WAT to store lipids and with insulin resistance.
THE USE OF A NITROGEN MUSTARD IN HODGKIN'S DISEASE AND LYMPHOSARCOMA
Authors: A H MEYER, W C OVERMILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1949)

Article1 February 1949THE USE OF A NITROGEN MUSTARD IN HODGKIN'S DISEASE AND LYMPHOSARCOMAANDREW H. MEYER, M.D., W. C. OVERMILLER, M.D.ANDREW H. MEYER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. C. OVERMILLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-30-2-381 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMedical science has profited from the study of agents used in chemical warfare. Investigation into the mode of action of mustard gas revealed a type of action of sulfur and nitrogen mustards which is unlike that of any other chemical agent and resembles in many ways that of roentgen-rays.1The effects of the mustards on lymphoid tissue, coupled with the finding that actively proliferating cells are selectively vulnerable to the cytotoxic action of the mustards, led to its use in the treatment of neoplasms of lymphoid tissue. Of the many substances studied, two variants of special importance have emerged: tris...Bibliography1. GILMANPHILIPS AFS: The biological actions and therapeutic applications of the β-chloroethyl amines and sulfides, Science, 1946, ciii, 409-414. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. GOODMANWINTROBEDAMESHEKGOODMANGILMANMCLENNAN LSMMWMJAMT: Nitrogen mustard therapy, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1946, cxxxii, 126-132. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. JACOBSONSPURBARRONGUZMANLUSHBAUGHSICK LOCLESSTCGF: Nitrogen mustard therapy, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1946, cxxxii, 263-271. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. RHODES CP: Nitrogen mustards in the treatment of neoplastic disease, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1946, cxxxi, 656-658. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Oakland, California*Methyl-Bis (β-chloroethyl) Amine Hydrochloride.†Received for publication November 8, 1947.From Fairmont-Alameda County Hospital, San Leandro, California.We wish to thank Drs. Louis J. Ruschin and Gerald Crenshaw for allowing us to include their cases. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDer heutige Stand der Chemotherapie neoplastischer Erkrankungen beim MenschenDie bösartigen Geschwülste und geschwulstartigen Erkrankungen des Blut- und LymphgewebesClinical studies on anticancer agents from 1949 to 1951Die Praxis der Syncarcinokolyse 1 February 1949Volume 30, Issue 2Page: 381-386KeywordsCellsHodgkin lymphomaLymphoid tissue ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1949 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prophylactic mastectomy: deliverance or delusion?
Authors: I. S Fentiman
Journal: BMJ (1998)

To prophesy the future we no longer need to examine the entrails of sacrificial animals. Mutant genes predisposing affected individuals to life threatening conditions such as vascular disease and malignancy have been identified. Although the multifactorial and environmental wild cards remain, thegenetic card deck is gradually being laid face up on the table. But withouteffective interventions, knowledge of genetic risk may serve only to fuel anxiety and encourage the adoption of denial behaviour.

Germ line genetic mutations are responsible for only 5-10% of cases of breast cancer, but worried individuals form a disproportionately large part of the clinical workload. Almost half the cases of familial breast cancer and 75% of those with both ovarian and mammary malignancy are due to BRCA1 mutations, located on chromosome 17q21.1 The 185delAG mutation is present in 1% of Ashkenazi Jewish women and in 21% of those developing breast cancer before the …
Mutations in a new photoreceptor-pineal gene on 17p cause Leber congenital amaurosis
Authors: Melanie M. Sohocki, Sara J. Bowne, Lori S. Sullivan, Seth Blackshaw, Constance L. Cepko, Annette M. Payne, Shomi S. Bhattacharya, Shagufta Khaliq, S. Qasim Mehdi, David G. Birch, Wilbur R. Harrison, Frederick F.B. Elder, John R. Heckenlively, Stephen P. Daiger
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)