tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deletion of the fibrogen alpha-chain gene (FGA) causes congenital afibrogenemia
Authors: Marguerite Neerman-Arbez, Ariane Honsberger, Stylianos E. Antonarakis, Michael A. Morris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Congenital afibrinogenemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the complete absence of detectable fibrinogen. Uncontrolled bleeding after birth from the umbilical cord is common, and spontaneous intracerebral bleeding and splenic rupture can occur throughout life. Patients respond well to fibrinogen replacement therapy, either prophylactically or on demand. Because the half-life of infused fibrinogen is essentially normal, the genetic defect is assumed to be at the level of synthesis, but no responsible locus has been identified. Preliminary studies using Southern blotting suggested that no gross structural changes of the fibrinogen genes were present in patients. We report the identification of causative mutations in a nonconsanguineous Swiss family with congenital afibrinogenemia. The four affected male individuals (two brothers and their two first cousins) have homozygous deletions of ∼11 kb of the fibrinogen alpha-chain gene (FGA). Haplotype data suggest that these deletions occurred separately, on three distinct ancestral chromosomes, implying that the FGA region of the fibrinogen locus is susceptible to deletion by a common mechanism. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that humans, like mice, may be born without the capacity to synthesize functional fibrinogen.
QRS-Voltage Criteria for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in a Normal Male Population
Authors: G. W. MANNING, J. R. SMILEY
Journal: Circulation (1964)

In this study the range and upper limits of seven QRS-voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy have been established in healthy, fit male young and middle-aged populations. The upper limits of normal for younger and older populations differ considerably. Agreement with the published literature occurred with some of the criteria in the older age group.
The morphology and longevity of cells derived from primary cultures of guinea-pig dorsal skin cells
Authors: C. PROTTEY, P. W. A. TOVELL, T. F. M. FERGUSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article The morphology and longevity of cells derived from primary cultures of guinea‐pig dorsal skin cells Get access C. PROTTEY, C. PROTTEY Unilever Research, Colworth Welwyn Laboratory, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 ILQ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. W. A. TOVELL, P. W. A. TOVELL Unilever Research, Colworth Welwyn Laboratory, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 ILQ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. F. M. FERGUSON T. F. M. FERGUSON Unilever Research, Colworth Welwyn Laboratory, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 ILQ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue 6, 1 December 1974, Pages 667–679, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12453.x Published: 01 December 1974 Article history Accepted: 08 April 1974 Published: 01 December 1974
Early identification of diabetic foot ulcers that may require intervention using the micro lightguide spectrophotometer.
Authors: S M Rajbhandari, N D Harris, S Tesfaye, J D Ward
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

Adequate tissue oxygenation is known to be essential for the healing of diabetic foot ulcers, but hypoxia has also been shown to be a potent stimulus for growth. There are no studies looking specifically at ulcer oxygen levels during the healing process. We measured the serial microvascular oxygen saturation (SaO2) of the foot ulcer, the ulcer margin, and a control site using the Erlangen micro lightguide spectrophotometer (EMPHO II; Bodenseewerk Geratetechnik, Erlangen, Germany) to study serial changes during healing.Studied over 9 months were 14 patients with neuropathy with a total of 24 foot ulcer sites. Of these patients, four (seven ulcers) had significant ischemia as determined by the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) and transcutaneous oxygen tension.Of 21 ulcer sites with serial measurements, only 13 ulcers healed. In those ulcers, a significant reduction (P<0.05) in SaO2 occurred with healing. SaO2 dropped from 58% at initial presentation (mean area 2.6 cm2) to 47% at midsize (mean area 1.2 cm2 at 5.2 weeks) and finally reduced to 45% just before it healed. Similar trends were also seen around the margin of the ulcers (initial 49%, midsize 45%, and final 41%; P = 0.1). However, there were no such changes on the control sites (43, 40, and 40%; P = 0.5) or within the eight ulcers that did not heal (46, 42, and 53%; P = 0.2).Serial microvascular oxygen measurements may be used to identify at an early stage those ulcers that are unlikely to heal and, therefore, need surgical intervention.
Sustaining better diabetes care in remote indigenous Australian communities
Authors: R. McDermott
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Problem</b>:Inhabitants of Torres Strait Islands have the highest prevalence of diabetes in Australia and many preventable complications. In 1999, a one year randomised cluster trial showed improved diabetes care processes and reduced admissions to hospital when local indigenous health workers used registers, recall and reminder systems, and basic diabetes care plans, supported by a specialist outreach service. This study looked at whether those improvements were sustained two years after the end of the trial. <b>Design</b>: Three year follow up clinical audit of 21 primary healthcare centres, and review of admissions to hospital in the previous 12 months. <b>Background and setting</b>: Remote indigenous communities in far north east Australia, population about 9600, including 921 people with diabetes. <b>Key measures for improvement</b> Number of people on registers, care processes (regular measures of weight, blood pressure, haemoglobin A 1c, urinary protein concentration, and concentrations of serum lipids and creatinine), appropriate clinical interventions (drug treatment and vaccinations), and intermediate patient outcome measures (weight, blood pressure, and glycaemic control). Admissions to hospital. <b>Strategies for change</b>: Audit and feedback to clinicians and managers; provision of clinical guidelines and a clear management structure; workshops and training. <b>Effects of change</b>: The number of people on registers increased from 555 in 1999 to 921 in 2002. Most care processes and clinical interventions improved. The proportion of people with good glycaemic control (haemoglobin A 1c ≤ 7%) increased from 18% to 25% in line with increased use of insulin (from 7% to 16%). The proportion of those with well controlled hypertension (&lt; 140/90) increased from 40% to 64%. The proportion admitted to hospital with a diabetes related condition fell from 25% to 20%. Mean weight increased from 87 kg to 91 kg. <b>Lessons learnt</b>: In remote settings, appropriate management structures and clinical support for people with diabetes can lead to improvements in care processes, control of blood pressure, and preventable complications that result in admission to hospital. Control of weight and glycaemia are more difficult and requires more active community engagement. Priorities now include increasing the availability and affordability of good food, achieving weight loss, and increasing appropriate use of hypoglycaemic agents, including insulin.
Early Electroconvulsive Treatment of a Patient Who Had Artificial Aortic and Mitral Valves
Authors: JOHN B. HARDMAN, ROBERT M. MORSE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

A 45-year-old man developed a psychotic depression 11 days after the surgical replacement of both aortic and mitral valves with prostheses. He was effectively treated with ECT beginning 27 days after the surgery. This case further confirms the feasibility of the early use of ECT in patients who have had heart surgery. Starting treatment when psychosis occurs alleviates many management problems. Close monitoring of the patient's cardiac status is important.
Novel chemical permeation enhancers for transdermal drug delivery
Authors: Yang Chen, Peng Quan, Xiaochang Liu, Manli Wang, Liang Fang
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

Transdermal drug delivery has been accepted as a potential non-invasive route of drug administration, with advantages of prolonged therapeutic action, decreased side effect, easy use and better patient compliance. However, development of transdermal products is primarily hindered by the low permeability of the skin. To overcome this barrier effect, numerous new chemicals have been synthesized as potential permeation enhancers for transdermal drug delivery. In this review, we presented an overview of the investigations in this field, and further implications on selection or design of suitable permeation enhancers for transdermal drug delivery were also discussed.
The Birmingham Oral Contraceptive Trial
Authors: P. Eckstein, J. A. H. Waterhouse, G. M. Bond, W. G. Mills, D. M. Sandilands, D. M. Shotton
Journal: BMJ (1961)

A report on the findings of the first phase of the Birmingham oral contraceptive (OC) trial (1960) is presented.  48 women were selected for the initial trial.  The actual contents of the pills used was 2.3 mg norethynodrel and .036 mg ethinyl estradiol-3-methyl ether.  14 pregnancies occured 11 of which were definately due to tablet failure.  There appeared to be no adverse effects of the regimen on pregnancy delivery lactation and the health of the infants.  Spotting was reported by 37.5% of the women.  The length of the menstrual cycle was noticeably increased by OC use although almost 33% of the cycles were interrupted by breakthrough bleeding.  Generally side effects were relatively frequent but slight.  Headache nausea and swollen tender breasts accounted for about 62% of all side effects.  Backache and abdominal or pelvic pain were reported by about 19% of the patients.  The method was highly acceptable to the women and no drop-outs resulted from side effects.  It is suggested that with the 2.5 mg dose of norethynodrel the estrogen concentration becomes critical and may merely delay ovulation rather than inhibit it.
Increased hepatocyte turnover and inhibition of woodchuck hepatitis B virus replication by adefovir In vitro do not lead to reduction of the closed circular DNA
Authors: Maura Dandri, Martin R. Burda, Hans Will, Joerg Petersen
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the nucleotide analogue adefovir on woodchuck hepatitis B virus (WHV) replication and, in particular, to determine whether the pool of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) could be reduced by adefovir treatment in primary cultures of woodchuck hepatocytes isolated from a chronic carrier. Strong reduction of WHV-DNA synthesis (90%) and secretion (up to 98%) was observed with all 3 doses of adefovir used (1, 10, and 100 micromol/L), whereas in the absence of the drug, high amounts of viral particles were continuously secreted in the culture medium until the end of the study (27 days). Secretion of envelope proteins and viral RNA levels remained constant both in the adefovir-treated and -untreated cultures for the entire course of the study. Intracellular core protein levels declined by approximately 50% in all the cultures, independent of adefovir treatment. There was no indication of cccDNA loss in the adefovir-treated hepatocyte cultures even when cell turnover was induced for 14 days by the addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the culture medium. Our data show that adefovir has a very strong inhibitory effect on WHV-DNA synthesis in chronically infected primary hepatocyte cultures and indicate that cccDNA is a very stable molecule that appears to be efficiently transmitted to the dividing hepatocytes.
Textbook of virology for students and practitioners of medicine.
Authors: Gilbert Dalldorf
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This is a good, traditional textbook prepared by two distinguished Canadian virologists with the help of several of their colleagues. It is well illustrated, largely from Canadian work, orderly, and well indexed. The present edition represents a departure from the earlier editions, in that the authors have turned to associates for the comprehensive chapters of arbor viruses (D.M. McLean), poliomyelitis (A.J. Beale), statistical methods (D.B.W. Reid), cell cultivation (K. R. Rozee), and the brief but stimulating chapter on tumor viruses by L. Siminovitch. One suspects that in the future it will become more and more desirable to call on specialists as the field continues to expand. The bibliography is limited to titles recommended for further reading. Rickettsial diseases are included. Modern virology is largely the creation of laboratory workers. Attention has been so strongly focused on identification of the etiologic agents, and clinicians have been so dependent on the laboratory,
Glycemic Control and Complications in Type II Diabetes: Design of a feasibility trial
Authors: Carlos Abraira, Nicholas Emanuele, John Colwell, William Henderson, John Comstock, Seymour Levin, Frank Nuttall, Clark Sawin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To determine, after 1 yr of follow-up in type II diabetes patients, whether a statistically and clinically significant difference can be achieved in HbA1c between a standard therapy group and an intensively treated group, while maintaining HbA1c levels in both groups within ranges acceptable in regular community practice. Secondary objectives include assessment of patient adherence to protocol, side effects, and accuracy of data collection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This is a prospective, randomized, controlled VA CS conducted with 151 patients at five VAMCs. Patients are males, age 40–69 yr, treated at entry with a maximum dose of sulfonylurea or with insulin, exhibiting an HbA1c level &amp;gt; 3 SDs above the normal mean (5.05 + 3 × 0.50 = &amp;gt; 6.55%). Standard control is achieved with insulin and intensive control with a step-up regimen including insulin alone or insulin/glipizide combinations. Education and management of cardiovascular risk factors are handled similarly in both groups. Primary macrovascular end points are nonfatal myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, amputation, and cardiovascular death. Primary microvascular end points are appearance and progression of retinopathy, documented by centrally read seven-field-stereo fundus photographs. Other measured indicators include resting and ambulatory ECGs, ventricular function (MUGA scan), serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels, plasma fibrinogen, nonsymptomatic peripheral vasculopathy, neuroautonomic status by heart-beat variation on Valsalva maneuver, and microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS This study may be the basis for a long-term trial, involving 1400 patients, to assess the long-term effects of metabolic control on macro- and microvascular end points.
Lasker award winners announced
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The 34th annual Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards, presented Nov 15, honored three scientists who have contributed to two areas of widely divergent scope—the molecular structure of DNA and the anatomic basis of brain function. One award was shared by Walter Gilbert, PhD, and Frederick Sanger, PhD, for independently developing techniques that allow rapid determination of the nucleotide sequence of DNA. The other went to Roger W. Sperry, PhD, for his studies on the formation of nerve connections during development and the role of the right half of the brain in higher cognitive function. In addition, the Albert Lasker Special Public Service Award, presented this year for only the 11th time, honored Sir John Wilson, CBE, of England, for his efforts to establish worldwide programs for the prevention and treatment of blindness. Wilson, 60, who was himself blinded in a childhood accident, graduated with honors from Oxford University. After proposing
Allergen Induces the Migration of Platelets to Lung Tissue in Allergic Asthma
Authors: Simon C. Pitchford, Stefania Momi, Stefano Baglioni, Lucio Casali, Silvia Giannini, Roberta Rossi, Clive P. Page, Paolo Gresele
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Platelets are essential for pulmonary leukocyte recruitment, airway hyperresponsiveness, and bronchial remodeling in animals with allergic inflammation and can be found in bronchoalveolar lavage of sensitized animals. No studies, however, have explored the direct migration of platelets to lungs.To assess whether platelets migrate into lung parenchyma in response to inhaled allergen in ovalbumin-sensitized mice; to assess the role of the FcepsilonRI receptor in this phenomenon; and to evaluate whether platelets from patients with asthma, or from sensitized mice, undergo chemotaxis in vitro in response to relevant antigens.Ovalbumin-sensitized wild-type (WT) mice, or FcRgamma(-/-) mice lacking the FcepsilonRIgamma, were challenged with aerosolized allergen and lungs analyzed by platelet-specific immunohistochemistry. In some experiments, mice were depleted of platelets and cross-transfused with either WT or FcRgamma(-/-) platelets to assess the role of platelet FcRgamma(-/-). Chemotaxis of platelets from patients with asthma or from sensitized mice was studied in vitro.Histology of lungs revealed isolated platelets, migrating out of vessels and localizing underneath the airways after allergen challenge in WT but not in FcRgamma(-/-) mice. Platelets from patients with asthma and from sensitized WT mice, but not from sensitized FcRgamma(-/-) mice, migrated in vitro toward the relevant allergen or an anti-IgE. Platelets from normal mice were found to express FcepsilonRIgamma and platelet-bound IgEs were increased in sensitized mice.Platelets migrate extravascularly in response to a sensitizing allergen via a mechanism dependent on the interaction among allergen, allergen-specific IgE, and the FcepsilonRI, and this may allow them to participate directly in allergic tissue inflammation.
Effects of α-adrenergic stimulation on the sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+-exchanger in adult rat ventricular cardiocytes
Authors: H Reinecke, R Vetter, H Drexler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: The cardiac sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+-exchanger (NCX) plays an important role in the maintenance of the myocardial Ca2+ homeostasis which is altered in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether α-adrenergic stimulation known to induce cardiac hypertrophy might be involved in the regulation of the sarcolemmal NCX. Methods: Adult rat ventricular cardiocytes (ARC) were isolated from male Sprague–Dawley rats. Phenylephrine, an α-adrenergic agonist, was used as hypertrophic agent. NCX expression was measured by competitive RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results: α-Adrenergic stimulation of ARC with 10 μM phenylephrine for 24 h resulted in a significant increase of the NCX mRNA (2.5-fold) and the NCX protein level (1.8-fold). The changes on the expression level were blocked by the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin. Conclusions: The data demonstrate that the NCX expression level is up-regulated by the activation of the α-adrenergic signal transduction pathway. The increased NCX mRNA level induced by α-adrenergic stimulation appeared to be translated into an increased NCX protein level.
Commentary
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical performance measures: The changing status of peritoneal dialysis11Note: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), formerly the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) ESRD Core Indicators Study, supplied the data described in this report. The interpretation and reporting of these data are the responsibility of the authors and are not an official policy or interpretation of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
Authors: Michael J. Flanigan, Michael V. Rocco, Barbara Prowant, Pamela R. Frederick, Diane L. Frankenfield
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Abstract CN2-2: Development of therapeutic cancer vaccine and construction of clinical research network in Japan
Authors: Yusuke Nakamura
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract cDNA microarray technologies have enabled us to obtain comprehensive data for gene expression profiles of human cancers. To isolate novel molecular targets for diagnosis and treatment of cancer, we constructed expression profile database of cancer cells originated from various organs with their corresponding non-cancerous tissues using a cDNA microarray that consists of more than 30,000 genes or ESTs. These experiments disclosed a number of genes that appeared to be involved in development and/or progression of cancers in those tissues. We also constructed expression profile database for 30 normal human tissues/organs. So far, we have analyzed approximately 1,400 clinical cancer samples of the liver, pancreas, stomach, colon, esophagus, bile duct, uterus, lung, ovary, kidney, urinary bladder, testis, prostate, breast, and soft tissues as well as acute and chronic myeloid leukemias. We have selected hundreds of candidate genes by the following criteria; (1) gene expressions were transactivated in a large proportion of cancer tissues in comparison with their corresponding normal tissues and (2) expression was not observed or hardly detectable in any of important vital organs. The further functional analysis of these molecules identified dozens of genes that are likely to function as oncogenes in various cancers. The suppression of expression of such genes with siRNA induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or suppression of anchoring-dependent cell growth. We screened 9- or 10-amino-acid peptides corresponding to a part of such oncoantigens that induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes that would specifically kill cancer cells in an HLA-A restricted and antigen-dependent manner. We have already isolated nearly 60 peptides (HLA-A02 or HLA-A24 restricted) derived from about 50 oncoantigens and started translational research using some of them in August 2006. We have organized a group that performs translational research and now consists of ∼60 hospitals (Cancer Peptide Vaccine Translational Research Network = Captivation Network). We are now running more than 30 different protocols and more than 900 cancer patients have been enrolled by the end of 2009. The promising clinical data and immunological analysis of our translational research will be introduced in the meeting. These results indicated that systematic expression analysis should be a very effective approach for identification of molecules that are potential targets for development of novel therapeutic drugs. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):CN2-2