tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lightning Injuries: Electrical, Medical, and Legal Aspects
Authors: Edward J. Otten
Journal: JAMA (1992)

There are few natural phenomena as frightening and, at the same time, as fascinating as lightning. Perhaps tornados and grizzly bears come close. Lightning kills more people in this country than any other natural event including floods, hurricanes, tornados, and earthquakes. I spend a lot of time backpacking in the wilderness and have observed lightning up close and personal. I was especially intrigued by the subtitle of this book, and why it was thought necessary by the authors. Surely the title<i>Lightning Injuries</i>would be sufficient. The editors of the work are two electrical engineers, a physician, and an electrical engineer—physician. Three of four editors and ten of the 19 contributors are from Australia, which gives the book a distinctive tone. In the preface the senior editor outlines the purpose of the book, which is to bridge the gap between "hard" and clinical science. He writes, "Technologists will, it is
The Effects of Anoxia on the Morphology and Composite Metabolism of the Intact Aortic Intima-Media Preparation
Authors: Anthony D. Morrison, Lelio Orci, Leonard Berwick, Alain Perrelet, Albert I. Winegrad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Paired samples of an intact rabbit aortic intima-media preparation were incubated for short periods under aerobic or anoxic conditions in Krebsbicarbonate buffer containing 6% albumin and 5 mM glucose. During aerobic incubation for as long as 1 h the preparation retained an electron microscopic (EM) appearance similar to that of tissue fixed in situ, and scanning EM confirmed the presence of an uninterrupted endothelial surface. After 2.5 min of anoxia there was widespread endothelial swelling, but the alterations in the EM appearance of these cells were not striking and did not progress during a subsequent 30 min aerobic incubation in fresh medium. After 10 min of anoxia there were marked and widespread alterations in endothelial cell structure, including loss of cell integrity, and numerous discrete interruptions in the endothelium were consistently observed on both transmission and scanning EM. After a subsequent 30 min aerobic incubation in fresh buffer, a major fraction of the luminal surface was denuded of endothelium. The aortic vascular smooth muscle cells did not exhibit evidence of irreversible anoxic injury after 2.5 or 10 min of anoxia or after subsequent aerobic incubation for 30 min. Exposure to anoxia for 10 min induced persistent alterations in the composite metabolism of the preparation during subsequent aerobic incubation in fresh medium; O2 uptake was reduced, and the fraction of the glucose uptake that was accounted for by lactate production increased approximately 100%.
Should the skeleton of "the Irish giant" be buried at sea?
Authors: L. Doyal, T. Muinzer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The skeleton of Charles Byrne, the famous "Irish giant," has been displayed at the Hunterian Museum in the Royal College of Surgeons for almost 200 years.It played an important part in linking acromegaly with the pituitary gland.In 1909 the American surgeon Harvey Cushing removed the top of Byrne's skull and observed an enlarged pituitary fossa, confirming a relation between the disease and adenoma.This finding has enabled the diagnosis and early treatment of people with acromegaly.At the beginning of this year, further important research led by Marta Korbonits used the DNA from two of Byrne's molars to establish a genetic link between him and several people from a particular area of Northern Ireland. 1 2 Aside from giving those susceptible to the disease the opportunity for appropriate medical care, this link perhaps helps to explain the long tradition of mythology about giants in Irish history.Just as Byrne himself did when alive, so his skeleton continues to entertain the public. 3We believe that it should now be removed from display and buried at sea, as Byrne intended for himself.Others have expressed similar although not necessarily identical views. 4-7Byrne's burial wish was not fulfilled because the pre-eminent surgeon and anatomist of the time, John Hunter, was determined to possess Byrne's cadaver for his own purposes.
THE VALUE OF CALCIUM CARBID IN THE TREATMENT OF INOPERABLE CARCINOMA OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: I. C. CHASE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The treatment of carcinoma by calcium carbid dates from 1896. The late Dr. J. H. Etheridge, of the Chicago Policlinic, following some German physician, first brought this treatment into notice in America. He published the results of his experiments inThe Journal of the American Medical Association, in July, 1898, highly recommending the treatment. Dr. W. B. Coley, of New York, took up the subject and published a monograph in Vol. 17 of the<i>Twentieth Century Practice of Medicine</i>, commending the treatment and presenting a flattering report of cases. This article has been widely circulated. Dr. A. H. Cordier, of Kansas City, last year read a paper recommending the treatment before the Mississippi Valley Association at Asheville, N. C. Comments are continually appearing in the American medical press as well as brief reports from German and French periodicals. The last editions of several standard text-books on gynecology have recommended the
Molecular design of polyvinylpyrrolidone-conjugated interleukin-6 for enhancement of in vivo thrombopoietic activity in mice
Authors: Shinichi Tsunoda, Haruhiko Kamada, Yoko Yamamoto, Tomoyoshi Ishikawa, Junji Matsui, Keiichi Koizumi, Yoshihisa Kaneda, Yasuo Tsutsumi, Yoshiyuki Ohsugi, Takashi Hirano, Tadanori Mayumi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2000)
Scintigraphic Patterns in Osteoid Osteoma and Spondylolysis
Authors: ROBERT G. WELLS, JOHN H. MILLER, JOHN R. STY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A retrospective review was performed of radionuclide bone scans and radiographs of 54 children with diagnoses of spondylolysis or osteoid osteoma/osteoblastoma. The findings indicate that skeletal scintigraphy shows imaging patterns that can be used to help distinguish these two conditions. Most cases of spondylolysis and all cases of osteoid osteoma or osteoblastoma demonstrated focally increased activity on the delayed skeletal scintfgrams. Evaluation of the bone scan images obtained during the immediate postinjection period revealed intense activity with osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma, but minimal or no abnormal activity in cases of spondylolysis. In addition, spondylolysis was the only condition that produced bilateral abnormalities in the pars interarticularis region in these children.
Mechanosensitive gating of atrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
Authors: D R Van Wagoner
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Cell-attached and inside-out excised-patch recording techniques were used to search for mechanosensitive ion channels in neonatal and adult rat atrial myocytes. A channel activated by negative pressure applied to the patch, with a single-channel conductance of 52 pS in symmetric potassium solutions, was frequently observed. This channel has been identified as the atrial ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel on the basis of its potassium selectivity, as well as its inhibition by ATP or tolbutamide in the inside-out excised patch. Mechanosensitive modulation of the KATP channel has not previously been reported. In the presence of 1 mM ATP, 10-50 microM pinacidil (a specific KATP channel agonist) does not significantly increase basal KATP channel activity; however, these concentrations of pinacidil potentiated the mechanosensitive modulation of the KATP channel. A hypotonic swelling protocol (a mechanical stimulus) was used in an effort to determine whether mechanosensitive modulation of this channel can generate significant whole-cell currents. Under perforated-patch whole-cell recording conditions, superfusion of atrial myocytes with a 240 mosm/kg solution (control solution, 290 mosm/kg) stimulated whole-cell currents with a magnitude similar to those activated by 10 microM pinacidil. These results demonstrate that the gating of the atrial KATP channel is mechanosensitive and suggest that mechanosensitive modulation may be an additional and significant mechanism, modulating channel activity under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Medical Intensive Care: Indications, Interventions, and Outcomes
Authors: George E. Thibault, Albert G. Mulley, G. Octo Barnett, Richard L. Goldstein, Victoria A. Reder, Ellen L. Sherman, Erik R. Skinner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

To evaluate current practices regarding intensive-care units (ICU's), we collected data on 2693 consecutive admissions to a medical ICU during a two-year period and studied indications for admission, specific interventions, costs, and outcomes. The need for noninvasive monitoring rather than immediate major interventions prompted 77 per cent of the admissions. Only 10 per cent of monitored patients had subsequent indications for major interventions. The 23 per cent who required immediate interventions accounted for disproportionate shares of total charges (37 per cent) and deaths during hospitalization (58 per cent). Demographic and diagnostic data indicate that the aged and chronically ill have become the principal consumers of intensive care. Overall mortality during hospitalization was 10 per cent; cumulative mortality during follow-up study (mean duration, 15 months) was 25 per cent. We conclude that identification of sensitive predictors of complications and specific predictors of mortality can lead to more efficient and effective ICU practices.
Immunological studies of mouse decidual cells. I. Membrane markers of decidual cells in the days after implantation.
Authors: O Bernard, M P Scheid, M A Ripoche, D Bennett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Mouse decidual cell suspensions from day 6 to day 8 of gestation were prepared by enzymatic treatment with collagenase and trypsin and tested for various membrane markers. (a) Besides H-2 antigens, Thy-1 antigens are present on about 50% of the cells; this may reflect the fibroblastic origin of decidual cells or be a marker expressed on some decidual cells possibly under hormonal control. (b) T or B lymphocytes, as defined by four Lyt antigens or surface immunoglobulins, are not present in significant amounts. (c) A substantial number of cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (FcR) is detectable in the decidua, probably closely connected with trophoblast cells; these FcR-bearing cells may act in preventing excessive invasion of uterine tissue by trophoblast or could contribute to the protection of the embryo by interacting with maternal blocking antibodies and trophoblast. No receptors for for complement were detected, even after 16-20 h in culture after trypsin treatment.
Increased Levels of 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine Attributable to Carcinogenic Metal Exposure among Schoolchildren
Authors: Ruey-Hong Wong, Chung-Yih Kuo, Ming-Lin Hsu, Tsun-Yen Wang, Pi-I Chang, Tsung-Hsun Wu, Shuai Huang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Arsenic, chromium, and nickel are reported in several epidemiologic studies to be associated with lung cancer. However, the health effects of arsenic, chromium, and nickel exposures are equivocal for children. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional study to investigate possible associations between the internal concentrations of arsenic, chromium, and nickel and the level of oxidative stress to DNA in children. We measured urinary levels of arsenic, chromium, and nickel for 142 nonsmoking children using atomic absorption spectrometry. As a biomarker for oxidative stress, urinary 8-hydroxy-2 -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The median urinary 8-OHdG level for our subjects was 11.7 ng/mg creatinine. No obvious relationship between the levels of urinary nickel and 8-OHdG was found. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that children with higher urinary chromium had greater urinary 8-OHdG than did those with lower urinary chromium. Similarly, subjects with higher urinary arsenic had greater urinary 8-OHdG than did those with lower urinary arsenic. Furthermore, children with both high urinary arsenic and high urinary chromium had the highest 8-OHdG levels (mean +/- SE, 16.0 +/- 1.3; vs. low arsenic/low chromium, p < 0.01) in urine, followed by those with low arsenic/high chromium (13.7 +/- 1.6; vs. low arsenic/low chromium, p = 0.25), high arsenic/low chromium (12.9 +/- 1.6 vs. low arsenic/low chromium, p = 0.52), and low arsenic/low chromium (11.5 +/- 1.3); the trend was significant (p < 0.001). Thus, environmental carcinogenic metal exposure to chromium and arsenic may play an important role in oxidative DNA damage to children.
Abstract 5057: The role of health locus of control and self-efficacy beliefs in sunscreen use: Evidence from 2012 Health Information National Trends Survey
Authors: Xiaofei He
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Sun exposure has been identified as a cause of skin cancer (Armstrong &amp; Kricker, 2001). Extensive empirical evidence shows that sunscreen use was associated with lower skin cancer incidence (Green et al., 1999, 2011). However, only 32% U.S. adults used sunscreen regularly (NCI, 2010); the percentage was even lower (21.7%) among adolescents (Eaton et al., 2012). To reduce skin cancer burden, sunscreen use promotion should be enhanced. Locus of control, the extent to which people believe they have control over their lives with external and internal dimensions (Rotter, 1954), is a significant predictor of behavioral changes (Bundek et al., 1993). Internal locus of control, i.e., beliefs that reinforcements are dependent upon one's own behavior, is positively related with behavioral changes, e.g., weight loss (O'Bryan, 1972) and health information seeking (Wallston &amp; Maides, 1976), etc. Self-efficacy, the extent to which one believes to be capable of performing the recommended behavior (Bandura, 1977), is a robust predictor for behavioral changes including smoking cessation (Norman, 1994) and AIDS prevention (Yzer, 1998), etc. However, little research focuses on the role of locus of control and self-efficacy in promoting sunscreen use by using nationally representative cross-sectional data. The present study bridges this gap by examining the following two hypotheses: H1: People with high external locus of control were less likely to use sunscreen. H2: People with high health self-efficacy were more likely to use sunscreen. Results show that people high in external locus of control were less likely to use sunscreen (B=-0.160, p=0.001) and people high in health self-efficacy were more likely to use sunscreen (B= 0.331, p=0.046), both of which were statistically significant. Males, Pacific Islanders, homemakers, and non-immigrants were more likely to use sunscreen. The findings attest to the necessity of enhancing people's internal locus of control and self-efficacy with the purpose of promoting sunscreen use. Public health efforts could be allocated based on the socio-demographic findings. Citation Format: Xiaofei He. The role of health locus of control and self-efficacy beliefs in sunscreen use: Evidence from 2012 Health Information National Trends Survey. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5057. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5057
Effectiveness and safety of chest pain assessment to prevent emergency admissions: ESCAPE cluster randomised trial
Authors: Steve Goodacre, Elizabeth Cross, Cath Lewis, Jon Nicholl, Simon Capewell
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether introducing chest pain unit care reduces emergency admissions without increasing reattendances and admissions over the next 30 days. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised before and after intervention trial. <b>Setting</b> 14 diverse acute hospitals in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> Patients attending the emergency department with acute chest pain during the year before and the year after the intervention started. <b>Intervention</b> Establishment of chest pain unit care compared with continuation of routine care. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Proportion of chest pain attendances resulting in admission; reattendances and admissions over the next 30 days; daily emergency medical admissions (all causes); and proportion of emergency department attendances with chest pain. <b>Results</b> The introduction of chest pain unit care was associated with weak evidence of an increase in emergency department attendances with chest pain (16% <i>v</i> 3.5%; P=0.08); no change in the proportion of chest pain attendances resulting in admission (odds ratio 0.998, 95% confidence interval 0.940 to 1.059; P=0.945); small increases in the proportion reattending (odds ratio 1.10, 1.00 to 1.21; P=0.036) or being admitted (1.30, 0.97 to 1.74; P=0.083) over the next 30 days; and evidence of increased daily medical admissions (1.7 per day, 95% confidence interval 0.8 to 2.5; P&lt;0.001). However, this last finding was highly sensitive to changes in the method used to handle missing data. <b>Conclusion</b> The introduction of chest pain unit care did not reduce the proportion of patients with chest pain admitted and may have been associated with increased emergency department attendances with chest pain. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN55318418.
Exertional gastro-oesophageal reflux: a mechanism for symptoms in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms.
Authors: P M Schofield, D H Bennett, P J Whorwell, N H Brooks, C L Bray, C Ward, P E Jones
Journal: BMJ (1987)

During 24 hour oesophageal pH monitoring 52 patients who had angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms underwent exercise testing, as far as their symptoms allowed, on a treadmill to determine whether gastro-oesophageal reflux occurred during exertion. In 11 patients the 24 hour oesophageal pH score was abnormally high; 10 of these showed exertional gastro-oesophageal reflux, and in nine this was associated with their usual chest pain. A further 13 patients had a normal 24 hour pH score but had exertional reflux coincident with chest pain during exercise testing. The mean lower oesophageal sphincter pressure in both of these groups of patients was appreciably lower than that in 28 patients who had a normal 24 hour pH score and no exertional reflux. These findings suggest that exertional gastro-oesophageal reflux accounts for the symptoms of a large proportion of patients who have angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms and that oesophageal pH monitoring during exercise testing on a treadmill enables this group of patients to be identified.
Baffle fenestration with subsequent transcatheter closure. Modification of the Fontan operation for patients at increased risk.
Authors: N D Bridges, J E Lock, A R Castaneda
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Ventricular dysfunction, elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, and residual distal pulmonary artery distortion contribute to early mortality after a Fontan operation; they may be transient or reversible. A baffle fenestration, allowing right-to-left shunting, maintains cardiac output and limits right atrial pressure. A baffle fenestration was surgically created at the time of a modified Fontan repair in 20 consecutive patients. Risk factors included pulmonary artery pressure of 18 mm Hg or more, end-diastolic pressure of 12 mm Hg or more, valvar regurgitation, pulmonary artery distortion, pulmonary vascular resistance of 2 Woods' units or more, ventricular outflow obstruction, and complex anatomy. Nineteen of 20 patients survived. After the operation, mean arterial oxygen saturation was 86%, mean right atrial pressure was 15 mm Hg, and mean duration of pleural effusions was 6 days. Twelve of 19 survivors tolerated early test occlusion and had permanent transcatheter umbrella closure. Four patients failed early test occlusion, with a significant decrease in venous O2 saturation and a rise in central venous pressure, due to ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary artery distortion, or aortopulmonary collaterals. Three of four had successful late closure of the fenestration after correction of these abnormalities.
Abstract 98: Automated cell tracking and interaction analysis in intra-vital two-photon microscopy image data
Authors: Frederick Klauschen, Martin Meier-Schellersheim, Judith Mandl, Hai Qi, Masaru Ishii, Manfred Dietel, Ronald N. Germain, Carsten Denkert
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The development of two-photon fluorescence microscopy has enabled researchers to investigate dynamic biological processes such as cell migration and interaction behavior with high spatio-temporal resolution in vivo. However, the development of computational high-throughput methods for automated and standardized quantitative analysis of the resulting 4-D image data has lagged behind the experimental advances. Here, we introduce a novel approach for automated cell migration analysis (“cell tracking”) combined with cellular interaction analysis in 4-D intra-vital two-photon fluorescence microscopy data. Our method accounts for variations of image quality and allows for rapid, standardized, quantitative analysis and comparison of the relevant features in large data sets by integrating adaptive image segmentation and cell tracking modules. It may be used for quantitative data analysis and model validation in basic and tumor immunology studies about, for instance, lymphocyte migration and interaction dynamics in tumor or lymphoid tissues. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by applying our method to the quantification of in-vivo T-cell movement and T-/B- and dendritic cell interaction dynamics in lymph nodes and present results on the impact of a (SAP-) knock-out mutant on synapse formation and T cell function complementing the findings of a recent study. Such measurements that may yield important information about the molecular mechanisms determining cellular migration and interaction behavior would be very difficult to perform with conventional approaches that rely on manual/semi-automated analyses. Our method should thus be highly valuable to investigators working with cell-biological microscopy who are interested in quantifying cell migration behavior not only, but especially in the context of dynamic interactions between immune and/or cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 98.