tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pre-Columbian Medical Sculpture
Authors: ANTONIO PEÑA CHAVARRíA
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> Your color cover of Aug 1 showed an interesting pair of archeological figures from the state of Nayarit in western Mexico. The figures illustrated generalized lesions of a circumscribed maculopapular type, which it was thought resembled smallpox in its plaquelike stage, but might represent a form of a treponematosis such as yaws, in the opinion of Dr. Abner I. Weisman, the collector of the figures. The generalized skin lesions may well be a form of yaws, but there is also reason to believe that they could represent cutaneous American leishmaniasis, which existed among the Indians of pre-Columbian America. In one of its forms this disease invades and destroys the tissues of the nose, as indicated in the mutilated faces of archeological figures found in Peru. Although the caption states that no one knows the reason for the manufacture of these figures, my studies are in agreement with
Role of energy metabolism in the preconditioned heart – a possible contribution of mitochondria
Authors: Satoshi Takeo, Yoshihisa Nasa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

A brief period of ischemia and reperfusion has been shown to protect the myocardium against subsequent sustained ischemia and reperfusion injury, which is called "preconditioning". A great number of investigators have explored the mechanisms underlying this preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. This article dealt with possible mechanisms of energy metabolism and mitochondrial activity for preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. Particularly, the contribution of energy metabolites produced during a brief period of ischemia and reperfusion injury, as well as mitochondrial function that is modified by changes in mitochondrial ATPase activity, opening of mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels and production of free radicals in mitochondria, to ischemic preconditioning is discussed.
The New Health Care Game
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

When I was in California a few weeks ago I discovered how to win a new interactive medical computer game. It works every time. In the game, a variant of SimCity, which is used in schools across the country, you are the president and chief executive officer of a for-profit, investor-owned health maintenance organization. The object is to expand your company, maximize the number of people you cover with health insurance, charge less than your competitors, and make a nice profit.Here's how to win. First, though other industries reinvest substantial earnings in training and development, you define your role . . .
TCT-548 Long-Term Follow-Up After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Polytetrafluoroethylene-Covered SYMBIOT Stents Compared To Bare Metal Stents, With And Without FilterWire Embolic Protection, In Diseased Saphenous Vein Grafts. The STROMBOLI Trial
Authors: Johan Bennett, Jo Dense, Francis Stammen, Patrick Coussement, Luc Janssens, Marc Claeys, Mathias Vrolix, Peter Sinnaeve, Christophe Dubois, Walter Desmet
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
VEGF Signaling through Neuropilin 1 Guides Commissural Axon Crossing at the Optic Chiasm
Authors: Lynda Erskine, Susan Reijntjes, Thomas Pratt, Laura Denti, Quenten Schwarz, Joaquim M. Vieira, Bennett Alakakone, Derryck Shewan, Christiana Ruhrberg
Journal: Neuron (2011)

During development, the axons of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurons must decide whether to cross or avoid the midline at the optic chiasm to project to targets on both sides of the brain. By combining genetic analyses with in vitro assays, we show that neuropilin 1 (NRP1) promotes contralateral RGC projection in mammals. Unexpectedly, the NRP1 ligand involved is not an axon guidance cue of the class 3 semaphorin family, but VEGF164, the neuropilin-binding isoform of the classical vascular growth factor VEGF-A. VEGF164 is expressed at the chiasm midline and is required for normal contralateral growth in vivo. In outgrowth and growth cone turning assays, VEGF164 acts directly on NRP1-expressing contralateral RGCs to provide growth-promoting and chemoattractive signals. These findings have identified a permissive midline signal for axons at the chiasm midline and provide in vivo evidence that VEGF-A is an essential axon guidance cue.
Saskatchewan Medical Care Scheme
Authors: D. D. Tansley
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MEDILlHdue to neuromuscular block of respiratory muscles, since they could have completely recovered.With the existing knowledge, could I suggest another explanation of the events in the case reported by Dr. Ross and his colleagues ?The presence of curare-like block on E.M.G. could be due to recurarization as a result of 180 mg. of gallamine, used in a patient with poor circulation, poor renal function, and a very low serum calcium level.The respiratory inadequacy at the end of operation in spite of 2.5 mg. of neostigmine could be attributed to the existence of metabolic acidosis, maintained and accentuated by superadded respiratory acidosis with or without partial recurarization.Oral neomycin has a distinct advantage of its own in the prevention of complications after elective surgery on the colon ; therefore, before surgeons can accept the suggestion that "neomycin should be kept to a minimum" more convincing proof is required.-Iam, etc.,
Balance between alveolar macrophage IL-6 and TGF-beta in lung-transplant recipients. Marseille and Montréal Lung Transplantation Group.
Authors: A Magnan, J L Mege, J C Escallier, J Brisse, C Capo, M Reynaud, P Thomas, B Meric, L Garbe, M Badier, L Viard, P Bongrand, R Giudicelli, D Metras, P Fuentes, D Vervloet, M Noirclerc
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Acute inflammation in the lung is characterized by a phase of tissue injury followed by a phase of tissue repair. When the latter is excessive, fibrosis occurs. Alveolar macrophages (AM) can produce cytokines involved in both phases of acute lung inflammation, notably interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in injury and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), mediating repair. We hypothesized that AM were activated in both phases, and studied IL-6 and TGF-beta production by AM during complications of lung transplantation, acute rejection (AR), and cytomegalovirus pneumonitis (CMVP). In addition, we analyzed these cytokines in bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), a fibrotic complication of lung transplantation linked to previous AR and CMVP. At the onset of AR and CMVP, IL-6 secretion increased, whereas AM TGF-beta content was increased, but not its secretion. In contrast, with time, IL-6 reached control value whereas TGF-beta secretion rose significantly. In BO, IL-6 was not oversecreted, but TGF-beta increased, notably before functional abnormalities occurred. These results show that during acute complications of lung transplantation, AM display an early activation with oversecretion of IL-6, which is involved in tissue injury, counterbalanced by a late activation in which TGF-beta predominates, mediating tissue repair. The results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of BO, which is linked to acute complications of lung transplantation through this biphasic AM activation.
Improved visual function in IDDM patients with unchanged cumulative incidence of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.
Authors: K Rossing, P Jacobsen, P Rossing, E Lauritzen, H Lund-Andersen, H H Parving
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trends in visual acuity and the cumulative incidence of diabetic retinopathy in a clinic-based observational follow-up study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: All patients visiting Hvidore Hospital in 1984 whose diagnosis of IDDM had been made before 41 years of age and between 1965 and 1979 (n = 356) were followed until 1994 or until their deaths. All patients were Caucasians and resided in Copenhagen. Patients were divided into three prevalence cohorts based on time of diabetes onset: group A, 1965-1969 (n = 113); group B, 1970-1974 (n = 130); and group C, 1975-1979 (n = 113). RESULTS: Fifteen years after diabetes onset, the visual acuity was significantly improved in patients with increasing calendar year of the disease onset. The median (interquartile range) visual acuity was 1.0 (0.8-1.0), 1.0(0.9-1.0), and 1.0 (1.0-1.0) in groups A, B, and C, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.01 overall; P = 0.28 for group A vs. group B; and P &amp;lt; 0.01 for group A vs. group C) with 60, 66, and 93 having a visual acuity of 1.0 in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The cumulative incidence (+/-SEM), expressed as a percentage and calculated according to the life-table method, of proliferative retinopathy, maculopathy, and laser-treated retinopathy 15 years after onset of diabetes were, respectively, 13+/-3, 11+/-3, and 12+/-3 in group A; 16+/-3, 12+/-3, and 21+/-4 in group B; 11+/-3, 5+/-2, and 12+/-3 in group C, respectively (NS). The development of proliferative retinopathy was associated with the degree of retinopathy and albuminuria at baseline and the mean HbA1c during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed an improvement in visual acuity with increasing calendar year of diabetes onset but an unchanged cumulative incidence of diabetic retinopathy.
Young adults susceptible to measles
Authors: D S G Sloan
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—The success of the national measles and rubella immunisation campaign is to be welcomed.1 The campaign still, however, leaves a cohort (of those in their late teens and in their 20s) in which many susceptible people remain. Though they are indirectly protected by herd immunity and a reduction of viral transmission in Britain, if …
Importance of Local Proliferation in the Expanding Kupffer Cell Population of Rat Liver After Zymosan Stimulation and Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: Luc Bouwens, Marijke Baekeland, Eddie Wisse
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Partial hepatectomy and a single intravenous injection of zymosan were used to provoke expansion of the Kupffer cell population in rat liver. The number of Kupffer cells per microscopic field increased exponentially for 4 to 5 days after either stimulation. During this exponential growth phase, high mitotic activity of Kupffer cells was observed. The rate of mitosis, based on counts of cells arrested in metaphase by vinblastin, was compared with the increase in total cell population. During the first 3 days after partial hepatectomy, local proliferation was sufficient to explain the increase in population since the mean potential doubling time was 1.3 days compared to an observed doubling time of 3.7 days. During the first 3 days after zymosan stimulation, observed doubling time was 4.3 days compared with the mean potential doubling time of 5.2 days which led to the conclusion that growth is largely due to local proliferation of Kupffer cells. In both experimental situations, extrahepatic recruitment of “resident-type” macrophages was required during the last 2 days of the growth phase, since mitotic activity became too low to explain the observed growth. Proliferating Kupffer cells had characteristics of mature resident macrophages and were, therefore, considered to be different from elicited “exudate-type” cells, such as monocytes.
RESISTANCE OF THE MOUSE'S INTESTINAL TRACT TO EXPERIMENTAL SALMONELLA INFECTION
Authors: Marjorie Bohnhoff, C. Phillip Miller, William R. Martin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Multiplication of Salmonella enteritidis was inhibited in vitro by buffered suspensions of fecal material freshly removed from the large intestine of normal mice. Most effective was material obtained from cecum and transverse colon. Inhibitory activity was not impaired by sterilization by heat or filtration. From such materials were isolated acetic and butyric acids in concentrations which inhibited Salmonella in vitro. The degree of inhibitory activity of suspensions of colon content and of mixtures of the two fatty acids was conditioned by pH and favored by anaerobiosis. Effective inhibition occurred at or slightly below the pH of colon content of most normal mice as determined in situ by direct measurement. Acetic and butyric acids were isolated from anaerobic cultures of several strains of Bacteroides previously demonstrated to be one of the most numerous inhabitants of the large intestine of the normal mouse.
Allergic Reactions to Bee and Wasp Stings
Authors: Harry L. Mueller, Lewis Webb Hill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE problem of severe reactions to the stings of bees and wasps has presented itself with increasing frequency in the past few years, and although our interest has been turned to these reactions, this interest does not seem to be the sole explanation of the apparent increase. Inquiry among colleagues has confirmed our clinical impression, and the seriousness of these reactions has led us to believe that a critical review of the situation is indicated.Isolated reports of sudden death from insect stings appeared in the literature before the turn of the century, and Gould1 lists 3 cases of bee . . .
Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: A. Everette James
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Several points in Dr. Panitch's letter are informative, interesting, and well taken. We would, however, like to answer several objections and clarify our position in this controversial area. Our primary purpose in this article was to emphasize the value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) imaging (cisternography) in the diagnosis of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. At the time of publication our experience included over 150 cisternograms, only eight of which unquestionably met the clinical, pneumoencephalographic, and laboratory findings generally accepted in the somewhat confusing entity of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Of these eight patients, one died of a pulmonary embolus prior to a shunt, one died of a myocardial infarction shortly after a CSF diversionary shunt, four had marked improvement of neurological symptoms, one has had mechanical difficulties with the shunt, and one failed to improve. Continual reference to cisternography as "RISA cisternography" leads us to believe that the reader failed to grasp
TCT-575 Different Vessel Healing Patterns Following Delivery of Everolimus and Paclitaxel Eluted from Biodegradable Polymer Coated Stents Implanted in Porcine Coronary Arteries
Authors: Piotr Buszman, Krzysztof Milewski, Jacek Pajak, Michal Jelonek, Beata Gwiazdowka-Olech, Agata Suchodolska, Gasior Pawel, Wojciech Wojakowski, Armando Tellez, Juan Granada, Paweł Buszman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Heart Research Efforts Aim at Fairness to Women In Terms of Causes, Care of Cardiac Disorders
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

"WHY CAN'T a woman be more like a man?" wondered<i>My Fair Lady's</i>Professor Henry Higgins. If she were, life would be simpler for cardiologists. Data amassed for many years about the causes and care of heart disease in men do not compute when it comes to understanding the problem in women, researchers have realized only recently (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:1049-1050). Despite its later advent in women, cardiovascular disease is a killer of both sexes. Just 2 years ago, under the presidency of Bernadine Healy, MD, chair of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation's Research Institution (and the latest person named to head the National Institutes of Health), the American Heart Association launched its first major effort to foster research into the specific factors that influence heart disease in women. This year in Dallas, Tex, at the 63rd Scientific Sessions, several presentations addressed the issue. <h3>Postmenopausal Vulnerability</h3> Seeking to clarify the role of female
MEDICAL ASPECTS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: JOHN HOWLAND
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Nearly every one who has written on appendicitis in children has emphasized certain features: the obscurity of the symptoms; the rapidity of the progress of the disease; the great tendency to the development of peritonitis, especially general peritonitis, and, in younger children particularly, the high mortality. From the figures of Manley, McCosh and Churchman, it is readily apparent that appendicitis in children under 5 is distinctly uncommon, and in those under 2 years it is really a rare disease. Many a physician may go years without seeing, perhaps may never see, appendicitis in the very young. All the features that characterize the appendicitis of childhood have their influence on its medical aspects, and these are almost entirely connected with the question of diagnosis. While I shall deal chiefly with diagnosis and leave to the surgeons the entire question of treatment, there is one aspect of appendicitis that I should like
Nosocomial infections in intensive care units
Authors: M. Langer
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —We agree with Dr Langer and colleagues that prevalence studies have their limitations and that the EPIC study may have overestimated the magnitude of ICU-acquired infections. Unfortunately, we did not have access to the data sources cited by Langer et al. They refer to one study reported in abstract form for a local meeting held 10 years ago (their reference 2) and a second study for which preliminary results were published only recently (their reference 3). They also focused on the incidence of sepsis without specific presentation of the relevant data on nosocomial infections. Nevertheless, the methods used in the EPIC study were identical for the various countries, so any comparisons between or among countries remain appropriate. As we discussed in our article, the differences observed among the European countries may well be explained by different severities of illness of the patients included, as reflected by higher Acute
Methyldopa Liver Damage
Authors: P. J. Toghill, P. G. Smith, P. Benton, R. C. Brown, H. L. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Twenty patients are described in whom liver damage appeared to be directly related to the administration of methyldopa. Sixteen had hepatitic syndromes from which they recovered on stopping methyldopa; four of these patients had recurrences of jaundice after a second course of the drug. Features suggestive of active chronic hepatitis were found in two patients. There were two deaths attributed to methyldopa, one of these being in a patient with pre-existing undiagnosed macronodular cirrhosis.
Homosexual Dynamics in Psychiatric Crisis
Authors: IRVING BIEBER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The author sketches some of the psychodynamic insights of certain frequently occurring crisis situations, including work disorders and disruptions in significant relationships. The psychopathology underlying the symptoms of homosexuals and those of heterosexuals with homosexual trends, as well as the psychopathology that determines and maintains the homosexual adaptation itself, provide a springboard for many of the psychiatric crises seen in these two patient groups.
Mistakes in the Operating Room — Error and Responsibility
Authors: Sherwin B. Nuland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

It happened a very long time ago, when I was a third-year medical student in my first week on the surgical service of a large university hospital. One of the interns needed time off to attend to a family emergency, and I was appointed to fill in for him.I was never quite sure whether my temporary title of "sub-intern" was something to be proud or ashamed of. I would have been pleased as punch about it had one of my professors not recently referred to interns as "the Mortimer Snerds of the medical profession." If that characterization was even . . .
Bile acid changes after high-dose ursodeoxycholic acid treatment in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Relation to disease progression
Authors: Emmanouil Sinakos, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Kris V. Kowdley, Alex Befeler, Jill Keach, Keith Lindor
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

High-dose (28-30 mg/kg/day) ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment improves serum liver tests in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) but does not improve survival and is associated with increased rates of serious adverse events. The mechanism for the latter undesired effect remains unclear. High-dose UDCA could result in the production of hepatotoxic bile acids, such as lithocholic acid (LCA), because of limited small bowel absorption of UDCA and conversion of UDCA by bacteria in the colon. We determined the serum bile acid composition in 56 patients with PSC previously enrolled in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial of high-dose UDCA versus placebo. Samples for analysis were obtained at the baseline and at the end of treatment. The mean changes in the UDCA level (16.86 versus 0.05 μmol/L) and total bile acid level (17.21 versus −0.55 μmol/L) were significantly higher in the UDCA group (n = 29) versus the placebo group (n = 27) when pretreatment levels were compared ( P &lt; 0.0001). LCA was also markedly increased (0.22 versus 0.01 μmol/L) in the UDCA group compared to the placebo group ( P = 0.001). No significant changes were detected for cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, or chenodeoxycholic acid. Patients (n = 9) in the UDCA group who reached clinical endpoints of disease progression (the development of cirrhosis, varices, liver transplantation, or death) tended to have greater increases in their posttreatment total bile acid levels (34.99 versus 9.21 μmol/L, P &lt; 0.08) in comparison with those who did not. Conclusion: High-dose UDCA treatment in PSC patients results in marked UDCA enrichment and significant expansion of the total serum bile acid pool, including LCA. Hepatology 2010
Cross-reactivity Between Tomato And Other Fruit Allergen Extracts
Authors: C.H. de Larramendi, A. Ferrer, J. Huertas, J. Pagán, J. Bartra, C. Andreu, J. García-Abujeta, J. Lavín, M. López-Matas, J. Carnés
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)