tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Italy. Analysis of hospital admission and mortality databases of a large Italian region
Authors: Maria Assunta Porretta, Lisa Bauleo, Angelo Coppola, Gianluigi Sergiacomi, Maria Cristina Zappa, Stefano Carlone, Salvatore Mariotta, Paolo Palange, Salvatore Valente, Gabriella Pezzuto, Nera Agabiti, Marco Pallante, Ermanno Puxeddu, Cesare Saltini
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: No population studies on incidence and prevalence of IPF in have been reported in Italy as in southern Europe.  Objective: To determine the incidence and prevalence rates of IPF in the Lazio region (population 4.7x106) by interrogating Public Health Service databases and assessing diagnostic and reporting accuracy using the ICD9-CM codes.  Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the regional hospital admission database on all patients (age >18) diagnosed with idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (ICD9-CM 516.3), in Lazio hospitals (in and outpatients) or hospices from 1/1/2005 to 31/12/2009. Demographic data were obtained using national population statistics and cause of death databases. Diagnostic and reporting accuracy were assessed on a random sample of 400 hospital charts carrying the ICD9-CM 515, 516.3, 516.8 and 516.9, by reviewing radiology and pathology reports. HRCT images were scored according to the ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT 2011 guidelines as confident /possible/inconsistent.  Results: Estimates of IPF annual incidence ranged between 7.5 x10-5 (516.3 code. Broad case, no specific procedures reported) and 4.9 x10-5 (516.3 code. Narrow case, specific procedures reported). Incidence (Broad case) increased from 0.4 x 10-5 (CI 95% 0.3-0.4; 18-34 age group) to 28.1 x 10-5 (CI 95% 27.1-29.2; 75+ age group) and it was higher in males.  The data suggest that: (i) IPF incidence may be similar in North America, northern and southern Europe, (ii) association with aging ad gender is a general feature of IPF, (iii) under-reporting is a likely cause inaccurate assessment of disease burden.
Emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in France, 2004 to 2011
Authors: S Vaux, A Carbonne, J  M Thiolet, V Jarlier, B Coignard, Collective RAISIN and Expert Laboratories Groups
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is currently a major public health concern worldwide. This study showed that 53 episodes of CPE infection or colonisation have been notified by French healthcare facilities since 2004. A sharp increase in the number of notifications was observed in the last three years. Oxacillinase (OXA)-48 and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) beta-lactamases were the most frequent enzymes reported in these episodes. The index cases in most episodes were patients with a history of hospitalisation abroad within the previous year. Around a third of the episodes (n=18) led to secondary transmission in hospitals but most of them were controlled due to reinforced measures. Reinforcement of screening and control measures at national level when there is cross-border transfer of patients, along with overall reinforcement of infection control and antimicrobial stewardship worldwide, is urgently needed to contain the spread of CPE.
Sequential treatment with low dose almitrine bismesylate in hypoxaemic chronic obstructive airways disease
Authors: PA Bardsley, P Howard, O Tang, D Empey, B Harrison, MD Peake, J O'Reilly, JF Riordan, J Wilkinson, F Arnaud, al. et
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Daily dose schedules of 100-200 mg of almitrine bismesylate improve arterial blood gases in patients with hypoxaemic chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD) but dose related side effects are evident. In the present study, daily doses approximately half of those previously used were employed in a randomised double blind manner in 85 patients (age 35-79 years) with hypoxaemic COPD. After a one month period to check stability of arterial blood gases, patients were allocated to almitrine (A) or placebo (P) using an unequal code (60% A, 40% P). Tablets, 50-100 mg daily were stopped for one month after 3, 6 and 9 months to counteract drug accumulation. 50 patients in group A and 35 in group P were comparable on entry; mean age 65 (SD = 8) yrs., Pao2 7.8 (0.7) kPa (58.3 (5.0) mmHg), PaCO2 5.8 (0.8) kPa (43.2 (6.0) mmHg), forced expiratory volume in one second--FEV1 0.89 (0.25) l and 6 minute walking distance 296 (97) metres. The improvement in baseline PaO2 values was the same 0.8-1.3 kPa (6-9.8 mmHg) as with previous higher dose therapy. Approximately one third of patients did not respond, defined as PaO2 elevation > 0.67 kPa (5 mmHg). The sequential dosing scheme stabilised blood levels of almitrine within the therapeutic range of 280-300 ng.ml-1. After withdrawal of therapy arterial blood gases and spirometry reverted to pre-treatment levels, suggesting no permanent reversal of pathophysiology. Dose related side effects of breathlessness, indigestion and peripheral neuropathy were not observed. Nerve conduction studies revealed no difference in peripheral nerve dysfunction in hypoxaemic COPD between active and placebo therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lasers and light-based therapies in ethnic skin: treatment options and recommendations for Fitzpatrick skin types V and VI
Authors: A.F. Alexis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Ethnic skin or 'skin of colour', which is characterized by increased epidermal melanin, labile melanocytes and reactive fibroblast responses, poses special challenges for the use of laser and light-based therapies. These therapies are associated with a greater risk of dyspigmentation and scarring in ethnic skin and therefore require careful selection of device and treatment parameters to minimize complications. Whereas early-generation lasers for hair removal and resurfacing were generally contraindicated for individuals with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes (SPT) IV-VI, advances in the past decade have given rise to a range of devices that can be safely used in ethnic skin. Longer wavelength lasers such as the 810 and 1064 nm Nd:YAG; intense pulsed light and monochromatic excimer light (308 nm); fractional lasers; and radiofrequency devices have all been used safely for hair removal, pigmentary abnormalities, resurfacing and skin tightening in ethnic skin, respectively. Notwithstanding these advances, nuances in the laser or light treatment of darker skin types remain and must be considered to ensure safe therapeutic outcomes. The vast majority of published data pertaining to lasers and light treatments in nonwhite skin involve patients of East Asian ethnicity (e.g. Korean, Japanese, Chinese, Thai). By contrast, there is a paucity of studies involving individuals of African ancestry or those with SPT V or VI. This article will review laser and light-based modalities that are considered safe and effective for individuals with richly pigmented skin.
Toremifene: pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic basis of reversing multidrug resistance.
Authors: M W DeGregorio, J M Ford, C C Benz, V J Wiebe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Triphenylethylene compounds, such as tamoxifen, have shown chemosensitizing activity independent of estrogen receptor status in doxorubicin-resistant cells. We examined the chemosensitizing activity of a new triphenylethylene, toremifene, and its major metabolites in a doxorubicin-resistant human breast cell line, MCF-7/DOX. In addition, we examined the chemosensitizing activity of unbound plasma toremifene and its metabolites isolated from patients treated with toremifene doses of 20 to 400 mg/d. MCF-7/DOX cells were exposed to ultrafiltrate plasma specimens in the absence and presence of doxorubicin. These latter studies were single-blinded. Toremifene and its major metabolites were capable of sensitizing multidrug-resistant cells to doxorubicin. The degree of chemosensitizing activity in vitro correlated with the plasma concentrations of toremifene and its metabolites (P less than .05). Plasma samples isolated from patients receiving high-dose toremifene (400 mg/d) had the greatest chemosensitizing activity. We present evidence that toremifene and its metabolites can sensitize resistant MCF-7/DOX cells to doxorubicin, that this effect is concentration-dependent, and that sensitizing activity can be detected at clinically achieved concentrations.
Pulmonary Disease in the Elderly Patient
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Chronic urticaria is to the allergist what dizziness is to the neurologist-a complaint which frequently leads to frustration on the part of both the doctor and patient.Anaphylaxis is the nightmare of every doctor.The stated aim of this volume, which is one of a series on allergic disease in therapy under series editor David G Tinkelman, is to provide a practical guide to the investigation and treatment of these difficult conditions.In fact it is a series of detailed chapters covering various aspects, mostly lucidly written and intensively referenced.
Endomyocardial biopsy to monitor anthracycline therapy in children.
Authors: C H Pegelow, R W Popper, S A de Wit, O Y King, J R Wilbur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Evaluation of the ultrastructure of material obtained by endomyocardial biopsy has been proposed as a means to evaluate patients for impending anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Eighteen biopsies obtained from 13 patients (age, 3-18 years) are reported. Twelve biopsy procedures were done to evaluate the cardiac status on reaching a cumulative dose of 400 mg/m2 and three patients had six subsequent biopsies after having received significantly more drug or receiving radiation therapy to the lungs or mediastinum. Scores were assigned to the tissue obtained and used to guide the decision to continue or stop anthracycline therapy. Three patients with abnormal cardiac studies at low cumulative doses, five of whom had received greater than 400 mg/m2 and three of whom had received considerably higher doses and thoracic irradiation were given more drug without incident. Two specimens were interpreted to indicate avoidance of further anthracycline and two patients were cautiously given more despite evidence of mild myocardial damage. These results indicate that endomyocardial biopsies can be performed on a pediatric population with a reasonable complication rate. Further studies should be undertaken to evaluate its usefulness as a means to predict and avoid anthracycline cardiomyopathy.
Primary pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: A case series
Authors: Hung-Ling Huang, Ming-Ju Tsai, Tai-Huang Lee, Yu-Chieh Chung, Shiou-Fu Lin, Inn-Wen Chong, Ming-Shyan Huang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Rationale   Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma is an uncommon histologic subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous cellular components. The diagnosis depends on morphologic, histological and immunohistochemical findings. Due to its rarity, there are no standard treatment guidelines for this aggressive malignancy.   Method   We retrospectively re-examined 2029 NSCLC samples stored in a university hospital during 12-year period to identify cases of sarcomatoid carcinoma. We analyzed incidence, risk factors, clinical features, image characters, immunohistochemical features, treatment and prognosis.   Result   We identified only 8 cases (5 males and 3 females) of sarcomatoid carcinoma, accounting for 0.4% of NSCLC. The patients9 age ranged from 43 to 76 years old. None had a remarkable medical or family history. The initial presentation included productive cough, hemoptysis, and localized chest pain. All had a high level of serum tissue polypeptide antigen initially and presented with peripheral nodular opacity or mass radiographically. Microscopically, 5 cases were classified as pleomorphic carcinoma and the other 3 were classified as spindle cell carcinoma. The clinical course was aggressive, and all patients had distal metastases at initial diagnosis, including bone, brain and liver. The mean (± SD) follow-up period was 19.6 ± 0.5 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 12.5%.   Conclusion   Primary pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare but aggressive malignancy. We identified eight cases of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma from 2214 lung cancer samples in our hospital during a 12-year period. Accurate and timely diagnosis and proper management remains the key for better patient outcome.
Breathing retraining in COPD: A Cochrane review
Authors: Anne Holland, Catherine Hill, Alice Jones, Christine McDonald
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Breathing retraining aims to alter respiratory muscle recruitment in order to reduce dyspnoea and improve respiratory muscle performance. Our aim was to determine whether breathing retraining is safe and beneficial for people with COPD.  Method: The Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register of trials and the PEDro database were searched to identify randomised controlled trials comparing breathing retraining to no breathing retraining or another intervention in COPD. Primary outcomes were dyspnoea, exercise capacity and quality of life; secondary outcomes were adverse events.  Results: 16 studies involving 1104 participants with mean FEV1 30-51% predicted were included. Few studies reported allocation concealment, assessor blinding or intention to treat analysis. Two studies showed improvement in 6-minute walk distance after 3 months of yoga involving pranayama timed breathing techniques (mean difference 45m, 95% CI 29-61m), with similar improvements in single studies of pursed lip breathing (mean 50m) and diaphragmatic breathing (mean 35m). Effects on dyspnoea and quality of life were inconsistent. Two studies reported that addition of ventilation feedback (VFB) to exercise training did not improve dyspnoea, exercise tolerance or quality of life more than exercise training alone, and one study showed that VFB alone was less effective than exercise training for improving exercise capacity. No adverse effects were reported.  Conclusion: Breathing retraining in COPD is safe and improves exercise capacity when compared to no intervention; however there are no consistent effects on dyspnoea or quality of life. Breathing retraining may not have additional benefits beyond that offered by exercise training for people with COPD.
Experimental Production of Intramandibular Carcinoma in Mice by Mechanical Damage
Authors: C. F. Hollander, Th. G. van Rijssel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

This study demonstrated that, in mice, chronic mechanical injury to the enamel-forming epithelium of the incisor led to the development of intramandihular carcinoma. The experimental animals' own whisker hair, V2a-steel wire, and nylon thread were introduced into the alveolar socket of the mandible of young (♀ WLLf × ♂ O20)F1 mice. A total of 643 animals was used, randomly distributed over 2 control and 4 experimental groups. The penetration of foreign bodies into the alveolar socket formed a cleavage in the enamel-forming epithelium of the incisor. Accumulation of fluid in these clefts caused cysts that were covered with flattened epithelium, derived from the enamel-forming epithelium. Chronic irritation and inflammation of this metaplastic epithelium effected the formation of carcinoma from the wall of the cyst. Chemical composition of the foreign body did not influence the development of these tumors.
Hepatocarcinogenicity of Sterigmatocystin and Versicolorin A to Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) Embryos234
Authors: Jerry D. Hendricks, Russell O. Sinnhuber, Joseph H. Wales, Michael E. Stack, Dennis P. H. Hsieh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Hepatocarcinogenicity of Sterigmatocystin and Versicolorin A to Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) Embryos Get access Jerry D. Hendricks, Jerry D. Hendricks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Russell O. Sinnhuber, Russell O. Sinnhuber Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph H. Wales, Joseph H. Wales Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael E. Stack, Michael E. Stack Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dennis P. H. Hsieh Dennis P. H. Hsieh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 64, Issue 6, June 1980, Pages 1503–1509, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/64.6.1503 Published: 01 June 1980 Article history Received: 20 September 1979 Accepted: 28 December 1979 Published: 01 June 1980
Left ventricular hypertrophy in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Authors: A B Chapman, A M Johnson, S Rainguet, K Hossack, P Gabow, R W Schrier
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Cardiovascular complications are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). To understand this relationship, known cardiovascular risk factors were examined in ADPKD. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a known, important risk factor for premature cardiovascular death in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension is known to occur frequently and early in ADPKD patients. The frequency of LVH in ADPKD patients and its relation with hypertension and other risk factors, however, is not known. In this study, echocardiographic tests were performed in 116 consecutive adult ADPKD patients and 77 healthy control subjects. There was a significantly higher frequency of LVH in ADPKD men (46 versus 20%, P < 0.05) and women (37 versus 12%, P < 0.005) compared with control subjects. LVH in ADPKD patients was associated with higher systolic and diastolic arterial BP. There also was an association between LVH, diminished renal function, and increased renal volume. When comparing ADPKD patients with and without LVH, the former were older, weighed more, had a higher prevalence of hypertension, and had a lower hematocrit value and more renal impairment. LVH was also present in 23% of normotensive ADPKD patients and 16% of healthy control subjects (P = NS), but did not correlate with BP. The role of BP as a contributing factor to LVH in ADPKD patients may be due in part to earlier onset and inadequate treatment.
Selection and immunomagnetic purging of peripheral blood CD34 + cells for autologous transplantation in B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas
Authors: G. Pichert, D. Schmitter, L. Widmer, L.M. Jost, M.O. Kurrer, R. Maurer, R.A. Stahel
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1998)
Staging the Axilla in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Oreste Gentilini, Umberto Veronesi
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

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Interaction of vitamin C with the relation between smoking and obstructive airways disease in EPIC Norfolk
Authors: L.A. Sargeant, A. Jaeckel, N.J Wareham
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Previous studies have reported an association between plasma vitamin C levels and respiratory function, but have not examined the role of vitamin C as an effect modifier of the relation between cigarette smoking and obstructive airways disease (OAD). This question was investigated in a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based study of 3,714 males and 4,256 females aged 45-74 yrs. Undiagnosed OAD was defined as a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of <80% of the predicted value and FEV1/forced vital capacity of <70% without self-reported OAD. An increase of 20 micromol x L(-1) (or 1 SD) in plasma vitamin C concentration was associated with a 13% reduction in the risk of having OAD (adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) 0.87 (0.77-0.98)). The OR for current smokers relative to never smokers within the lowest quintile of plasma vitamin C concentration was 5.93 (3.03-11.61). The risk in the upper four quintiles was 2.84 (1.92-4.19). Within the lowest quintile of plasma vitamin C concentration, the risk in former smokers was strongly related to the time since quitting (interaction significant, p=0.001). These findings support a protective role for vitamin C against the risk of obstructive airways disease and support the hypothesis that vitamin C may be an effect modifier for the adverse effects of smoking on the risk of obstructive airways disease.
Prevalence of work-related asthma among adult asthmatics referred to pulmonary clinics
Authors: Khosro Sadeghniiat, Omid Aminian, Arezu Najafi, Sussan Salehpour, Alireza Eslaminejad, Gholamreza Derakhshan Deilami, Keramat Nourijelyani, Susan Tarlo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  The most common occupational lung disease reported in industrial countries is occupational asthma. There are limited data about the prevalence of work-related asthma among asthmatics in Iran.   Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms (WRS) and occupational exposures in asthmatic adults at pulmonary clinics.   Material and methods:  A cross sectional study was performed. All ≥17 year old asthmatics were recruited into the study. A questionnaire mainly based on one developed by NIOSH was completed by each participant. Currently employed subjects were subdivided into two groups by WRS status. Subjects9 occupation and workplace exposures were evaluated using an asthma specific job exposure matrix (JEM). Statistical analyses were conducted using the Student9s T-test for continuous data and Chi square for categorical data. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated, using a Cox regression model.   Results:  39 (21.8%) of 179 current employed asthmatics (11% of all 339 adult asthmatics) had WRS. Subjects with WRS were more likely to have self-reported allergy (PR:2.7 Pvalue:0.003) and low molecular weight antigens9 exposure (PR:2.7 Pvalue: 0.0001). According to the JEM, those with WRS had more high risk occupational exposures (PR: 2.2 Pvalue:0.003). The two most frequent occupational classes for asthmatics with WRS were trades, transport and equipment operators (33%), and processing, manufacturing and utilities (31%).   Conclusion:  Prevalence of WRS in the current study is consistent with previous reports of work- attributed asthma. Study results emphasize further need for taking complete occupational histories in adult asthmatics.