tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of β-Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration in Subsequent Imaging Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: David S. Knopman, Clifford R. Jack, Emily S. Lundt, Heather J. Wiste, Stephen D. Weigand, Prashanthi Vemuri, Val J. Lowe, Kejal Kantarci, Jeffrey L. Gunter, Matthew L. Senjem, Michelle M. Mielke, Mary M. Machulda, Rosebud O. Roberts, Bradley F. Boeve, David T. Jones, Ronald C. Petersen
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

To understand how a model of Alzheimer disease pathophysiology based on β-amyloidosis and neurodegeneration predicts the regional anatomic expansion of hypometabolism and atrophy in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).To define the role of β-amyloidosis and neurodegeneration in the subsequent progression of topographic cortical structural and metabolic changes in MCI.Longitudinal, observational study with serial brain imaging conducted from March 28, 2006, to January 6, 2015, using a population-based cohort. A total of 96 participants with MCI (all aged >70 years) with serial imaging biomarkers from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging or Mayo Alzheimer's Disease Research Center were included. Participants were characterized initially as having elevated or not elevated brain β-amyloidosis (A+ or A-) based on 11C-Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography. They were further characterized initially by the presence or absence of neurodegeneration (N+ or N-), where the presence of neurodegeneration was defined by abnormally low hippocampal volume or hypometabolism in an Alzheimer disease-like pattern on 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography.Regional FDG standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and gray matter volumes in medial temporal, lateral temporal, lateral parietal, and medial parietal regions.In the primary regions of interest (ROI), the A+N+ group (n = 45) had lower FDG SUVR at baseline compared with the A+N- group (n = 17) (all 4 ROIs; P < .001). The A+N+ group also had lower FDG SUVR at baseline (all 4 ROIs; P < .01) compared with the A-N- group (n = 12). The A+N+ group had lower medial temporal gray matter volume at baseline (P < .001) compared with either the A+N- group or A-N- group. The A+N+ group showed large longitudinal declines in FDG SUVR (P < .05 for medial temporal, lateral temporal, and medial parietal regions) and gray matter volumes (P < .05 for medial temporal and lateral temporal regions) compared with the A-N+ group (n = 22). The A+N+ group also showed large longitudinal declines compared with the A-N- group on FDG SUVR (P < .05 for medial temporal and lateral parietal regions) and gray matter volumes (all 4 ROIs; P < .05) compared with the A+N- group. The A-N+ group did not show declines in FDG SUVR or gray matter volume compared with the A+N- or A-N- groups.Persons with MCI who were A+N+ demonstrated volumetric and metabolic worsening in temporal and parietal association areas, consistent with the expectation that the MCI stage in the Alzheimer pathway heralds incipient isocortical involvement. The A-N+ group, those with suspected non-Alzheimer pathophysiology, lacked a distinctive longitudinal volumetric or metabolic profile.
Coping strategies in young women with breast cancer.
Authors: K. J. Ruddy, S. Gelber, R. M. Tamimi, L. Schapira, S. E. Come, M. E. Meyer, E. P. Winer, A. H. Partridge
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

9159 Background: Psychosocial distress is common in young women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Little information is available on the frequency and utility of their coping strategies. Methods: We are surveying women aged ≤40 with breast cancer in an ongoing prospective multi-center cohort study. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and demographic/medical history are assessed at baseline and 1 yr; at 6 mos, a 20-item questionnaire assesses coping strategies. Medical record and pathology reviews are performed. For this analysis, a 2-point change in HADS score from baseline to 1 yr is considered meaningful; coping strategies are categorized as substantial activity-based or relationship-based coping and women can be included in both categories. We use Chi-square to evaluate for associations between coping styles and changes in distress (total HADS), depression (HADS-depression subscale), and anxiety (HADS-anxiety subscale) and multivariate logistic regression to assess the relationship between change in distress and other demographic and clinical factors. Results: The first 250 women who completed the surveys are included in this analysis. Median age at diagnosis was 37 (range 17-40). 114 women (46%) have reduced distress, while 72 (29%) have increased distress; 84 (34%) report substantial activities-based coping, and 126 (50%) report substantial relationship-based coping. 98 (39%) report using neither coping strategy substantially, and 58 (23%) report using both. Reduced distress is associated with relationship-based coping (p=0.015), but not with activity-based coping (p=0.85). Improvements in both HADS-depression and HADS-anxiety are associated at trend level with relationship-based (p=0.08 and p=0.07, respectively) but not activity-based coping (p=0.29 and p=0.95). Multivariate logistic regression does not identify any other factors (e.g., age, stage, treatment) associated with change in distress. Conclusions: Young women who report substantial relationship-based coping styles are more likely to experience a reduction in distress during the year after a breast cancer diagnosis than those who rely on activity-based coping. Further research may be warranted to evaluate interventions to foster relationship-based coping. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Results From a Randomized Trial of Salvage Chemotherapy Followed by Lestaurtinib for FLT3 Mutant AML Patients in First Relapse.
Authors: Mark Levis, Farhad Ravandi, Eunice S. Wang, Maria R Baer, Alexander Perl, Steven Coutre, Harry Erba, Robert K Stuart, Michele Baccarani, Larry D. Cripe, Martin S. Tallman, Giovanna Meloni, Lucy A Godley, Amelia A Langston, Sergio Amadori, Ian D. Lewis, Arnon Nagler, Richard Stone, Karen Yee, Anjali Advani, Dan Douer, Wieslaw W. Jedrzejczak, Gunnar Juliusson, Mark R. Litzow, Stephen Petersdorf, Miguel Sanz, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Takashi Sato, Lothar Tremmel, Debra M Bensen-Kennedy, Donald Small, B. Douglas Smith
Journal: Blood (2009)
Registering Clinical Trials
Authors: Giovanni Della Cioppa, Jean-Jacques Garaud
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ECHO-B : Evaluation of the clinical use of cinacalcet in haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients : an observational study in Belgium
Authors: Sofie Jamar, Xavier Warling, Georges F. Cornet, Michel Dehaene, Frédéric D. Debelle, Gert Meeus, Bart Degrève, Michel Jadoul
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)
Quantitative lung T1 mapping and oxygen enhanced MRI in IPF
Authors: Kerry Hart, Helen Marshall, Neil Stewart, Moira Whyte, Jim Wild
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  T 1  mapping in the lungs can provide information on parenchymal changes. Moreover molecular oxygen dissolved in blood and parenchyma shortens the T 1  and permits regional quantification of lung oxygen uptake and regional distribution of gas exchange impairment.   Objectives:  To quantify baseline lung parenchyma T 1  relaxation times in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and investigate the degree of T 1  shortening under hyperoxic conditions.   Methods:  Lung T 1  maps were acquired from 5 IPF patients (54-81 years) and 5 controls (23-58 years) following the inhalation of room air and 100% oxygen. All images were obtained during end-expiratory breath-holds.   Results:  Baseline T 1  values of lung parenchyma were significantly lower in IPF patients than in controls (independent samples t-test, p=0.04) indicating a higher proportion of fibrosed tissue than in healthy lungs. Reduced T 1  values following the inhalation of 100% oxygen were observed in all subjects. The magnitude of this T 1  shortening effect was shown to be significantly smaller in IPF patients when compared to controls (independent samples t-test, p=0.003) indicating less efficient gas exchange in the pulmonary blood pool.   Conclusions:  The T 1  relaxation time in fibrotic lung is significantly shorter than in healthy lung. Under hyperoxic condition, oxygen enhanced T 1  mapping is able to demonstrate reduced diffusion capacity and diminished oxygen transport in patients with IPF.
Efficacy and safety of AZD3199, an inhaled ultra long-acting β2-agonist, in patients with COPD
Authors: Piotr Kuna, Yavor Ivanov, Vasily Trofimov, Ola Beckman, Thomas Bengtsson, Carin Jorup, Francois Maltais
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of three once-daily doses of AZD3199 inhaled via Turbuhaler compared with twice-daily formoterol and placebo over 4 weeks in COPD patients.

Methods: This was a 4-week randomised, double-blind, parallel-group multi-centre Phase II study to compare once-daily inhaled doses of AZD3199 (200, 400 and 800 μg delivered) with formoterol (9 μg bid ) and placebo in 329 adults with moderate/severe COPD ([NCT00929708][1]). Bronchodilation was assessed by average post-dose FEV1 values from 0–4 hrs (E0-4, peak) and FEV1 values from 24–26 hrs (E24-26, trough). Use of β2-agonist reliever medication, salbutamol reversibility, symptom scores (CCQ) and safety were also assessed.

Results: For all 3 doses of AZD3199, FEV1 E0-4 and E24-26 were statistically significantly greater vs. placebo after 4 weeks' treatment (E0-4 106–171 mL, E24-26 96.5–110 mL) but no dose response was seen (Figure). Formoterol bid was superior to placebo for FEV1 E0-4 but not E24-26. All 3 AZD3199 groups used less reliever medication than the placebo group. AZD3199 did not impact on the acute bronchodilating effect of salbutamol. All AZD3199 groups showed a reduction in symptom scores with the 800 μg dose reaching significance vs. formoterol and placebo. AZD3199 was well tolerated with no safety concerns.

![Figure][2] 



Conclusions: AZD3199 is a safe and effective uLABA with a 24-hour duration of action.

 [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00929708&atom=%2Ferj%2F38%2FSuppl_55%2Fp868.atom
 [2]: pending:yes
Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in renal cell neoplasms
Authors: R. V. Shah, N. Gokden, J. James, M. Kota, M. Kohli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

9701 Background: Renal cell cancer (RCC) expression of EGFR has been widely reported. Ongoing trials with EGFR inhibitors, however have yielded unimpressive results. This study was undertaken to analyze the expression pattern of EGFR in various histologic subtypes of renal cell neoplasms (RCN). Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on archival tissue from patients with RCN using an EGFR polyclonal antibody (Dako Cytomation Inc., Carpinteria, CA). EGFR expression was graded based on the percentage of cells staining positive (10–25% 1+; 25–50% 2+; >50% 3+). Results: EGFR expression by histologic subtypes of RCN is shown in the Table 1. Conclusions: The incidence of EGFR positivity in various histologic subtypes of RCN was 39% overall. This is lower than historically reported results and could be due to variability in reagents/specimen sampling. We hypothesize several reasons for the failure to successfully target EGFR in clinical trials. These may include a high overall false positive rate of EGFR expression, a lower incidence of expression in clear cell RCC or due to a functionally inactive EGFR. On-going studies will analyze for detection of phosphorylated EGFR antigen in RCN specimens. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 4503: How Safe Are Drug Eluting Stents in Octogenarians Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Tudor D Vagaonescu, Abel E Moreyra, Alan C Wilson, Nora M Cosgrove, John B Kostis
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the method of choice in the treatment of acute ST-T elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The use of drug eluting stents (DES) in the sett...
Is it rational to treat pneumonia with exogenous surfactant?
Authors: B Lachmann, D Gommers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

<b>1042</b> <h3><b>Objectives:</b></h3> The theranostic twins [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Pentixafor and [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Pentixather for chemokine-directed endoradiotherapy (ERT) were recently developed. We aimed to evaluate feasibility of non-invasive CXCR4 PET/CT imaging using [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Pentixafor in comparison to <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-D-Phe-Tyr3-octreotide ([<sup>68</sup>Ga]DOTATOC) and <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([<sup>18</sup>F]FDG) in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET). <h3><b>Methods:</b></h3> 12 patients with histologically proven GEP-NET underwent [<sup>68</sup>Ga]DOTATOC, [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG and [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT. Scans were analyzed on a patient as well as on a lesion basis. <h3><b>Results:</b></h3> On a patient basis, all G1 NET (n=3) were [<sup>68</sup>Ga]DOTATOC-positive and [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Pentixafor-negative; [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET yielded positive results in 2/3 patients. [<sup>68</sup>Ga]DOTATOC was the superior tracer in all cases. All G2 NET (n=4) were both SSTR- and [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-positive, whereas CXCR4-positivity could only be observed in half of the cases (2/4). [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Pentixafor did not yield additional information in any G1 or G2 NET. Investigating G3 NET, 5/5 subjects were rated [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG positive. CXCR4- and SSTR-PET identified lesions in 4/5 patients each. Of note, the majority of the [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Pentixafor-positive subjects presented with Ki67 of 蠅85%, whereas well-differentiated tumors did not demonstrate relevant CXCR4 receptor expression. <h3><b>Conclusion:</b></h3> Increasing chemokine receptor expression could be non-invasively observed in NET with increasing tumor dedifferentiation. CXCR4-directed ERT can be envisioned for selected patients demonstrating increasing malignancy or [<sup>68</sup>Ga]DOTATOC negative findings. <b>Research Support:</b> n/a
The Effect of Cataract Surgery on Circadian Photoentrainment
Authors: Adam Elias Brøndsted, Birgit Sander, Birgitte Haargaard, Henrik Lund-Andersen, Poul Jennum, Steen Gammeltoft, Line Kessel
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)

Cataract decreases blue light transmission. Because of the selective blue light sensitivity of the retinal ganglion cells governing circadian photoentrainment, cataract may interfere with normal sleep-wake regulation and cause sleep disturbances. The purpose was to investigate the effect of cataract surgery on circadian photoentrainment and to determine any difference between blue-blocking and neutral intraocular lenses (IOLs).The study was a single-center, investigator-driven, double-masked, block-randomized clinical trial.One eye in 76 patients with bilateral age-related cataract eligible for cataract surgery was included.Intervention was cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. Patients were randomized to receive a blue-blocking or neutral IOL.Primary outcome was activation of intrinsic photosensitive ganglion cells using post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) to blue light from 10 to 30 seconds after light exposure as a surrogate measure. Secondary outcomes were circadian rhythm analysis using actigraphy and 24-hour salivary melatonin measurements. Finally, objective and subjective sleep quality were determined by actigraphy and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.The blue light PIPR increased 2 days (17%) and 3 weeks (24%) after surgery (P < 0.001). The majority of circadian and sleep-specific actigraphy parameters did not change after surgery. A forward shift of the circadian rhythm by 22 minutes (P = 0.004) for actigraphy and a tendency toward an earlier melatonin onset (P = 0.095) were found. Peak salivary melatonin concentration increased after surgery (P = 0.037). No difference was detected between blue-blocking and neutral IOLs, whereas low preoperative blue light transmission was inversely associated with an increase in PIPR (P = 0.021) and sleep efficiency (P = 0.048).Cataract surgery increases photoreception by the photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Because of inconsistency between the significant findings and the many parameters that were unchanged, we can conclude that cataract surgery does not adversely affect the circadian rhythm or sleep. Longer follow-up time and fellow eye surgery may reveal the significance of the subtle changes observed. We found no difference between blue-blocking and neutral IOLs, and, because of the minor effect of surgery in itself, an effect of IOL type seems highly unlikely.
04-40 - IMPROVEMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DEFORMATION AFTER CATHETER ABLATION FOR ISOLATED PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL EJECTION FRACTION: A 2D STRAIN STUDY
Authors: Patricia Reant, Stephane Lafitte, Pierre Jaïs, Frederic Sacher, Nicolas Derval, Antoine Deplagne, Stephanie Brette, Meleze Hocini, Pierre Bordachar, Jacques Clementy, Michel Haissaguerre, Raymond Roudaut
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Paroxysmal isolated atrial fibrillation (AF) is generally associated with normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. Recently, echocardiographs have been implemented by 2-dimensional (2D) strain technique, a new tool based on speckle tracking which allows accurate evaluation of the three components of LV deformation (circumferential, radial and longitudinal strains).  Objective: The aim of this prospective study was  to evaluate whether 2D strain evaluation could point out alteration of LV deformation in patients with paroxysmal AF and normal ejection fraction in comparison with controls;  to evaluate the evolution of the different strain components after AF catheter ablation.  Methods: Patients with isolated paroxysmal AF were investigated with a VIVID7 (General Electric) before ablation, at 1 month (M+1) and at 6 month (M+6) after catheter ablation. Statistical analysis was performed with a paired Student t-test.  Results: Thirty consecutive patients (mean 56.8 ± 12.7 years, 6 women) with isolated paroxysmal AF (since mean 9.3 years) and 30 controls were investigated. Before ablation, no significant difference was observed in term of LV ejection fraction between the 2 groups (p ns). In patients with paroxysmal AF, global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) were significantly reduced compared to controls: GLS was −17.7 ± 2.4% vs −21.8 ± 2.2% in controls (p  Conclusions: Paroxysmal AF induced subclinical LV dysfunction as demonstrated by the decrease in longitudinal and circumferential strains in patients with normal ejection fraction. In our patients, these parameters of LV dysfunction were improved after AF catheter ablation.
Identification of oncogenic events in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) by combined gene expression and copy number analysis.
Authors: M. Nannini, M. A. Pantaleo, A. Astolfi, A. Maleddu, M. C. Heinrich, C. L. Corless, M. di Battista, F. Catena, D. Santini, G. Biasco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

10039 Background: Besides or instead of KIT or PDGFRA mutations, sequential accumulation of other genetic events are involved in GISTs development and progression, especially at chromosome 14, 22q and 1p. However the biologic significance of these genomic alterations remains still unclear. Methods: Fresh tissues specimens from 25 GISTs patients were collected. RNA and DNA was extracted, labeled and hybridized to HG-U133Plus 2.0 and SNP array 6.0 (Affymetrix). Fourteen patients had c- KIT point mutation, seven patients had PDGFRA point mutation and four had wild-type disease. High-resolution genomic copy number was analyzed by segmentation algorithm (Partek Genomic Suite) while gene expression was quantified (Bioconductor) and mapped onto the correspondent genomic location and on CancerGene resource. Results: Almost all patients exhibited both macroscopic and cryptic cytogenetic alterations, especially involving chrom 14q, 22q and 1p. We found a high level of correlation between copy number alterations and the correspondent gene expression profile (p<0.0001). Amplified oncogenes were less frequent than deleted tumor suppressor genes. In particular KRAS was identified as the driver oncogene related to 12p12.1 amplification in 4/22 patients, while many genes (GLI3, RALA, IGFBP3) are functionally related to 7p amplification. Many haploinsufficient tumor suppressor genes linked to 1p deletion were found in almost half of the samples. In particular, inside region 1p36 many tumor suppressor genes as KIF1B, UBE4B, DNAJC11, PRDM2 and TP73 were significantly underexpressed. Chrom 9p21 deletion was linked to downregulation of MTAP and also of CDKN2A/B but only in patients exibiting homozygous deletions. Chrom 14 showed a common deletion region on 14p23.1 cytoband, linked to a marked downregulation of PPM1A tumor suppressor gene, while loss of chrom 22q was associated with NF2 underexpression. Conclusions: Combined genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the various genetic events involved in GIST pathogenesis may allow to discover other significant target genes, dependent or independent from c-KIT/PDGFRA pathway in order to extend the strategies of medical treatment in GISTs. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis
Abstract 12301: Syntax Score Reflects Coronary Plaque Characteristics Assessed by Integrated Backscatter Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: Hideaki Ota, Junko Honye, Munenori Okubo, Hiroki Kondo, Taiji Miyake, Shigeshi Kamikawa, Yoshiaki Kawase, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Hitoshi Matsuo, Katsumi Ueno
Journal: Circulation (2011)