tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asthma
Authors: Hilary Pinnock, Rupal Shah
Journal: BMJ (2007)

#### Practical tips The prevalence of active asthma in the United Kingdom is 5.8% according to data from the quality and outcomes framework of the new general medical services contract (which allocates 45 points for caring for patients with asthma). There are still about 1500 deaths a year from asthma in the UK, many of which may be preventable, and asthma affects about eight million people in the UK at some stage in their lives. Asthma is a variable condition. You can make the diagnosis by noting a history of variable symptoms, confirmed by variability of peak flow (or spirometry):
Simultaneous determination of 3-chlorotyrosine and 3-nitrotyrosine in human plasma by direct analysis in real time–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yuqiao Song, Jie Liao, Cheng Zha, Bin Wang, Charles C. Liu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

A novel method for the simultaneous determination of 3-nitrotyrosine (NT) and 3-chlorotyrosine (CT) in human plasma has been developed based on direct analysis in real time-tandem mass spectrometry (DART-MS/MS). Analysis was performed in the positive ionization mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the ion transitions at m/z 216.2/170.1 for CT, m/z 227.2/181.1 for NT and m/z 230.2/184.2 for the internal standard, d (3)-NT. The assay was linear in the ranges 0.5-100 μg/mL for CT and 4-100 μg/mL for NT with corresponding limits of detection of 0.2 and 2 μg/mL. Intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracies were respectively <15% and ±15%. Matrix effects were also evaluated. The method is potentially useful for high throughput analysis although sensitivity needs to be improved before it can be applied in clinical research.
Abstract 14458: Improving Interstage Survival After Norwood Operation: Outcomes Following 10 Years of Home Monitoring
Authors: Nancy A Rudd, Michele A Frommelt, David A Hehir, Julie A Slicker, Kathleen A Mussatto, James S Tweddell, Peter J Bartz, Nancy S Ghanayem
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and variants who undergo stage 1 palliation (S1P), Norwood operation, continue with high-risk circulation until stage 2 palliation (...
Abstract 1421: In Vivo Measurement of Flow-Mediated Vasodilation in Living Rats using High Resolution Ultrasound: Age-Dependent Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Christian Heiss, Richard E Sievers, Nicolas Amabile, Tony Y Momma, Shobha Natarajan, Yerem Yeghiazarians, Matthew L Springer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

In humans, endothelial function serves as a surrogate marker for cardiovascular health and is measured as changes in arterial diameter after temporary ischemia (flow-mediated dilation; FMD). We developed an FMD-related approach to study conduit artery vasodilation in living rats, and demonstrate a reduction in FMD in older versus younger animals consistent with age-related endothelial dysfunction. Diameter and Doppler-flow measurements were obtained from the femoral artery using high-resolution ultrasound (35 MHz). We observed dose-dependent vasodilation using both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent pharmacologic vasodilators (acetylcholine and nitroglycerine). Flow-dependent vasodilation was observed in response to flow increase induced both by adenosine and local saline infusion. Transient hindlimb ischemia led to reactive hyperemia with sequential flow velocity increase and femoral artery dilation, the latter of which was completely abolished by NO-synthase (NOS) inhibition with L-NMMA. To demonstrate its applicability in a model of endothelial dysfunction, we show that FMD is significantly reduced in older versus younger animals. While FMD was completely NOS-dependent in younger animals, NOS-dependent mechanisms accounted for only half of the FMD in older animals, with the remainder being blocked by charybdotoxin (CTx) and apamin suggesting contribution of endothelium-derived-hyperpolarizing-factor. Using this new integrative physiologic model to reproducibly study FMD in living rats, we show that age-dependent endothelial dysfunction is accompanied by a shift in mechanisms underlying vasodilatory endothelial function.
Abstract 12375: Cost Effectiveness of Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device as Destination Therapy in Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Mark S Slaughter, Mark Russo, Robin Bostic, Joseph Rogers
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVAD) have become the dominant devices implanted for mechanical circulatory support. CF-LVADs improve survival and quality of life while reducing implantation cost relative to pulsatile flow (PF) LVADs. The cost-effectiveness of CF-LVADs compared to optimal medical therapy (OMM) and PF-LVADs has not been assessed.   Methods:  A Markov model was adapted from the 2002 Blue Cross Blue Shield Technology Evaluation Center (BCBS TEC) assessment with updated parameter estimates and a 5-year time horizon. Survival and NYHA functional class assessment for OMM patients (pts) were derived from the REMATCH trial and re-hospitalization rates were obtained from the Medicare dataset. Functional class, re-hospitalization, device replacement and survival rates for the CF-LVAD pts were derived from the HeartMate II destination therapy trial. The cost of CF-LVAD implantation was based upon hospital claims data from a subset of pts (n=98). Medicare prospective payments for heart failure were used to approximate the costs of hospital care in the OMM cohort. The monthly cost for outpatient services was derived from REMATCH and added to both LVAD and OMM pts. All costs were adjusted to 2009 US dollars.   Results:  The 5 year cost for CF-LVAD patients exceeded that of OMM ($342,136 vs. $29,292). However, compared to OMM, LVAD significantly improved quality-adjusted life years (QALY; 1.90 vs. 0.33) and life years (LY; 2.53 vs. 0.59). CF-LVAD led to an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $199,540/QALY and $161,374/LY, a 75% reduction in the ICER compared to the BCBS TEC ($802,674/QALY). ICER was most sensitive to the cost of device implantation and re-hospitalization as well as long-term survival.   Conclusions:  The cost-effectiveness of LVADs has improved significantly over time. This change is explained by significant improvements in survival, functional status and reduction in implantation costs relative to the PF-LVAD.
The Ribvd Regimen (Rituximab IV, Bendamustine IV, Velcade SC, Dexamethasone IV) Offers a High Complete Response Rate In Elderly Patients With Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Preliminary Results Of The Lysa Trial “Lymphome Du Manteau 2010 SA”
Authors: Remy Gressin, Mary Callanan, Nicolas Daguindau, Adrian Tempescul, Sylvain Carras, Guillaume Cartron, Anne Schmitt, Roch Houot, Caroline Dartigeas, Jean Michel Pignon, Selim Corm, Anne Banos, Jehan Dupuis, Christiane Mounier, Margareth Macro, Joel Fleury, Fabrice Jardin, Lionel Kardin, Gandhi Damaj, Pierre Feugier, luc Matthieu Fornacker, Cecile molucon Chabrot, Veronique Dorvaux, Krimo Bouabdallah, Sandy Amorin, Reda Garidi, Laurent Voillat, Bertrand Joly, Philippe Solal-Céligny, Nadine Morineau, Marie Pierre Moles, Hacene Zerazhi, Jean Fontan, Yazid Arkam, Magda Alexis, Vincent Delwail, Jean Pierre Vilque, Loic Ysebaert, Steven Le Gouill
Journal: Blood (2013)
Outcomes of Pulmonary Valve Replacement in 170 Patients With Chronic Pulmonary Regurgitation After Relief of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction
Authors: Cheul Lee, Yang Min Kim, Chang-Ha Lee, Jae Gun Kwak, Chun Soo Park, Jin Young Song, Woo-Sup Shim, Eun Young Choi, Sang Yun Lee, Jae Suk Baek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Authors: D Ludwig, E F Stange
Journal: BMJ (1981)

In recent years new standards for the treatment of ulcerative colitis have evolved. This review updates evidence based therapy for the various clinical situations as well as some novel approaches. The literature search was based on Medline, Cochrane database (CD-ROM) and handsearch of relevant papers including quoted literature. There is clear-cut evidence-based support for the use of local 5-aminosalicylates in mild/moderate distal and oral 5-aminosalicylates in extensive ulcerative colitis. The administration of corticosteroids is definitely indicated in severe disease. Fulminant attacks are treated by intravenous cyclosporine or colectomy. In chronic active disease azathioprine is probably helpful. Relapse prevention again is a domain of 5-aminosalicylates or, as a novel development, E. coli Nissle. The various meta-analyses as well as the controlled trials performed in the various clinical situations typical for the manifestations of ulcerative colitis form a solid base of evidence to guide individual treatment decisions.
A novel approach to identify sentinel lymph nodes using microbubbles and contrast enhanced ultrasound in preoperative breast cancer patients
Authors: A. Sever, S. Jones, K. Cox, J. Weeks, P. Mills, D. Fish, P. Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e11543 Background: In patients with early invasive breast cancer, surgical excision of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) has been shown to be a safe and accurate first-line technique to stage the axilla. In animal models, superficial lymphatics can be imaged using ultrasound and intradermal microbubbles. We investigated the ability of contrast enhanced ultrasound to identify SLN preoperatively in breast cancer patients. Methods: We recruited 46 consecutive consenting patients with primary breast cancer. Pre-operatively; patients received periareolar intra-dermal injection of microbubble contrast agent, breast lymphatics were visualised by ultrasound and followed to identify putative axillary SLN. In 41 patients, we aimed to place guide-wires in the SLN. Patients then underwent standard operative tumour excision, SLN biopsy and histopathological analysis. Results: Microbubble enhancement identified putative SLN in 5 successive patients. In 36 patients, putative SLN were visualised and guide-wires deployed. Operative findings confirmed the wired lymph nodes (LN) were SLN. In 2 cases, SLN contrast enhancement failed but guide-wires were placed into prominent grey-scale imaged LN. These wired LN were not SLN. In 3 patients, the procedure failed. Contrast enhanced ultrasound correctly identified SLN in 36 of 41 patients (88%). Five patients were found to have metastasis. In all metastatic cases, SLN were correctly identified and localised with guide-wires pre-operatively. Conclusions: Microbubbles readily enter breast lymphatics and contrast enhanced ultrasound may represent a practical method to identify SLN. Improvements in percutaneous techniques may facilitate ultrasound guided SLN excision in the breast clinic and could reduce the numbers of patients requiring axillary surgery. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Implementation of the KDIGO guideline on lipid management requires a substantial increase in statin prescription rates
Authors: Markus P. Schneider, Silvia Hübner, Stephanie I. Titze, Matthias Schmid, Jennifer Nadal, Georg Schlieper, Martin Busch, Seema Baid-Agrawal, Vera Krane, Christoph Wanner, Florian Kronenberg, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, None on behalf of the GCKD Study Investigators
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
TV: Adding insult to injury
Authors: C. Essex
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Disabled Century , BBC2, Thursdays at 9 50 pm, 27 May to 10 June

Disability and disabled people are something most people would rather not think about, or at least deal with at a distance and not have in their living rooms. But the people in The Disabled Century told their stories with dignity and even humour, particularly those who had been disabled since childhood. Their resilience was remarkable, and their tales were harrowing and distressing, in which their and their parents' autonomy were totally disregarded. One …
Abstract 11207: The Application of New Practice Guidelines to Patients Hospitalized with Syncope: Impact on Management and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Vijayapraveena Paruchuri, Mehul Adhaduk, Naga V Garikipati, Akshay Avula, Ganesh Kamath, Jonathan S. Steinberg, Suneet Mittal
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Syncope is a common cause for hospital admission. Since pts with a cardiac etiology for syncope have high mortality, recent practice guidelines (ESC/EGYSYS, OESIL) emphasize the need to...
Abstract 9660: Statin-Induced Improvement of Human Endothelial Function Is Mediated by Sphingosine 1-Phosphate
Authors: Tomonori Sugiura, Yasuaki Dohi, Sumiyo Yamashita, Nobuyuki Ohte, Shiori Ito, Chieko Mori, Soichiro Iwaki, Yuji Hirowatari, Ryunosuke Ohkawa, Yuko Mishima, Yutaka Yatomi, Genjiro Kimura, Satoshi Fujii
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Endothelium is essential for maintenances of homeostasis in healthy vascular systems. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent bioactive lipid responsible for vascular protection through producing nitric oxide, whereas serotonin modulates vascular tone. Recent studies reported that bone marrow derived blood cells play a pivotal role in repairing endothelial damage. This study aimed to examine behavior of serotonin, S1P and their combined effects on endothelial function in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Blood was withdrawn from patients without significant cardiovascular risks or medications (n=36, 40±8 years). Plasma serotonin was measured with HPLC. Plasma S1P was measured by HPLC after fluorescent derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Patients with dyslipidemia (n=14) were subsequently treated with rosuvastatin (2.5mg/day). In vitro, EA.hy926 human vascular endothelial cell line and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived adherent cells, which were confirmed to present endothelial phenotype, were stimulated with S1P (100nmol/L) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression was examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Plasma serotonin displayed normal distribution after correction with platelets (serotonin/plt: 23.1±9.8 x10 -9 pmol/platelet). Serotonin/plt inversely correlated with FMD value (3.9±1.7%, r=-0.37, P&lt;0.05) and plasma S1P level (317.5±54.2 nmol/L, r=-0.40, P&lt;0.05). Rosuvastatin improved lipid profiles and increased FMD after 4 weeks. Notably, percent decrease in serotonin/plt was inversely correlated with % increase in S1P (11.6±34.5%, r=-0.55, P&lt;0.05). In vitro, EA.hy926 cells and PBMC-derived adherent cells expressed S1P receptors (S1P 1, 2, 3 ) and sphingosine kinases (SphK1, 2). S1P (100 nmol/L), but not serotonin, stimulated eNOS mRNA expression by 1.60±0.61 fold in EA.hy926 cells (n=5) and by 1.81±0.78 fold in PBMC-derived adherent cells (n=5). Conclusions: Increased plasma serotonin may mediate vasoconstriction and plasma S1P may provide vasculoprotection against atherogenicity of serotonin. Statin may enhance endothelial function by a novel pathway involving S1P signaling.
Detection of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque by Wavelet Analysis of Radiofrequency Intravascular Ultrasound Signals
Authors: Akihiro Murashige, Takafumi Hiro, Takashi Fujii, Koji Imoto, Takashige Murata, Yusaku Fukumoto, Masunori Matsuzaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Prostaglandin E2 promotes colorectal adenoma growth
Authors: Dingzhi Wang, Haibin Wang, Sharada Katkuri, Sudhansu Dey, Raymond N. Dubois
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

755   A large body of clinical, genetic, and biochemical evidence indicates that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme for prostanoid biosynthesis, contributes to the promotion of colorectal cancer. COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the predominant prostanoid found in most colorectal cancers (CRC). However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which PGE2 accelerates tumor growth is not understood. Here we investigated the role of PGE2 in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor-associated angiogenesis and elucidated the key downstream signaling pathways necessary for PGE2-induced intestinal carcinogenesis using both in vivo and in vitro models. We demonstrated that PGE2 stimulates epithelial cell proliferation through a Ras-MAPK signaling cascade. We also found that PGE2 promotes tumor cell survival via PI3K/Akt-PPARδ signaling. An understanding of PGE2 downstream signaling transduction pathways critical for tumor growth may lead to the development of novel therapeutic and chemoprotective options for colorectal cancer patients.
Stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: M C Steiner
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Editor—The review by Kerstjens published in the BMJ on behalf of Clinical Evidence claims to be an evidence based account of treatment for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.1 Unfortunately, the author restricted his analysis to drug treatments and therefore omitted non-pharmacological treatments, which may be of great benefit to patients with the disease. 

In particular, pulmonary rehabilitation provides benefits to patients in terms of exercise capacity and quality of life, outcomes that were clearly included in the aims of the review. The benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation have been validated in well designed and executed randomised controlled trials.2,3 Indeed, the clinical efficacy of rehabilitation is greater than that of many drug treatments.4 Evidence based guidelines for pulmonary rehabilitation have been published.5

Provision of pulmonary rehabilitation in the United Kingdom lags behind that in the United States and the rest of Europe. Incomplete evidence based reviews such as this may worsen the situation by giving the impression that treatments not included in its analysis are of no benefit.
Gender and Bladder Cancer: A Collaborative Review of Etiology, Biology, and Outcomes
Authors: Jakub Dobruch, Siamak Daneshmand, Margit Fisch, Yair Lotan, Aidan P. Noon, Matthew J. Resnick, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Alexandre R. Zlotta, Stephen A. Boorjian
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Outcome of schizoaffective disorder at two long-term follow-ups: comparisons with outcome of schizophrenia and affective disorders
Authors: L S Grossman, M Harrow, J F Goldberg, C G Fichtner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

This research assessed whether the outcome of schizoaffective disorder is more similar to that of schizophrenia or that of affective disorders.The authors conducted a prospective follow-up study of 101 schizoaffective, schizophrenic, bipolar manic, and depressed patients assessed at three times: during hospitalization and 2 and 4-5 years later. The follow-up test battery involved detailed assessment of social functioning, work performance, symptoms, posthospital treatment, and rehospitalization.Outcome for schizoaffective patients 4-5 years after hospitalization differed significantly from that for patients with unipolar depression. However, the differences between schizoaffective and bipolar manic patients were more equivocal. Unlike the patients with bipolar disorder, only a limited number of patients with schizoaffective disorder showed complete recovery in all areas throughout the year preceding the 2-year follow-up and the year preceding the 4- to 5-year follow-up. The differences in outcome between schizoaffective and schizophrenic patients were also mixed. These two groups showed some similarities in outcome, but there were fewer schizoaffective than schizophrenic patients with uniformly poor outcome in all areas.Overall, schizoaffective patients showed some similarities to both schizophrenic and bipolar manic patients. Schizoaffective patients had somewhat better overall posthospital functioning than patients with schizophrenia, somewhat poorer functioning than bipolar manic patients, and significantly poorer functioning than patients with unipolar depression. The data suggest that when mood-incongruent, schizophrenic-like psychotic symptoms are present in the acute phase, they predict considerable difficulty in outcome, even when affective syndromes are also present, as in schizoaffective disorder. It is likely that schizoaffective disorder is not just a simple variety of affective disorder.
Abstract 1147: Drug Eluting Stents Do Not Delay Early Endothelialization But Show Distinct Differences In Endothelial Function
Authors: Willem J Van Der Giessen, Oana Sorop, Ilona Krabbendam-Peters, Yoshinobu Onuma, Heleen M van Beusekom
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Late stent thrombosis and impaired endothelium dependent vasodilation in Cypher and Taxus are often attributed to delayed re-endothelialization. Data to support this hypothesis is scarce and the functional status of endothelium within these drug eluting stents is unknown. We compared 3 DES (Paclitaxel; Sirolimus (-limus via mTOR) and Tacrolimus (-limus via calcineurin)) to BMS in swine coronary arteries with respect to early endothelialization (%EC) at 5 days and function as assessed by immunocytochemistry for eNOS and vWF expression at 28 days (semiquantitative score) and in vitro vasoreactivity at 5 and 28 days. Results. There were no significant differences in %EC between DES and BMS at 5 days (Anova, p=0.7). While vWF expression was similar for all DES, PES showed diminished eNOS expression at 28 days. Microvascular function showed no overt impairment distal to both DES in EC-dependent dilation to bradykinin at 5 and 28 days. However, eNOS blockade by L-NAME uncovered a strongly depressed NO production in both DES at 5 days which recovered at 28 days. Conclusion. DES show no differences in re-endothelialization as compared to BMS. In vitro data showed that both DES induced a temporary reduction in NO production. However, only Paclitaxel showed a prolonged reduction in eNOS expression at 28 days. planimetry of endothelial presence and function
Interaction of c-Myb with p300 Is Required for the Induction of Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Human AML Oncogenes, and Represents a Potential Therapeutic Target.
Authors: Diwakar R Pattabiraman, Konstantin Shakhbazov, Valerie Barbier, Crystal McGirr, Keerthana Krishnan, Pamela Mukhopadhyay, Paula Hawthorne, Ann Trezise, Sean Grimmond, Peter Papathanasiou, Andrew C. Perkins, Jean-Pierre Levesque, Warren S. Alexander, Ingrid G Winkler, Thomas J Gonda
Journal: Blood (2012)