tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
India unlikely to meet goal of eliminating kala-azar by 2015, say experts
Authors: Sophie Cousins
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Experts have cast doubt on whether India can reach its goal of eliminating kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) by the end of 2015 and have called for better surveillance.

In 2005 India signed a memorandum of understanding with Nepal and Bangladesh, undertaking to eliminate the neglected tropical disease by 2015. The goal is in line with the World Health Organization’s regional strategic framework (2011-2015) for elimination of the disease from its South East Asia region, which includes the three countries.

Elimination was defined as less than one case per 10 000 people at a district level.

However, recent research into the effectiveness of DDT spraying in Bihar—India’s poorest state, which has 70% of India’s cases of kala-azar—found that widespread vector resistance to DDT, …
Charts for the early stopping of pilot studies.
Authors: C R Mehta, K C Cain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Cooperative oncology groups usually run pilot studies of new agents or combinations concurrently with their major randomized clinical trials. A primary objective of these studies is to determine whether the new regimen should be tested further in a group-wide clinical trial. The accrual goals of such pilot studies are typically fixed in advance at between 30 and 40 patients, on the grounds that this number provides a reasonably tight confidence interval on the true response rate. Nevertheless early termination of pilot studies is often desirable either because the regimen appears inactive or because early results indicate extreme activity and justify immediate testing in a randomized study. Statistical charts are provided for early termination in both these situations. The charts are read by specifying the number of evaluable patients already accrued, the number of responses observed and the minimum true response rate, theta 0, at which the regimen would be considered active. The charts provide the posterior probability that the true response rate exceeds theta 0, that is, that the regimen is active. An additional chart that computes a 90% probability interval for the true response rate, based on the observed rate and sample size, is also provided. The use of the chart is illustrated with two examples from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
LBA-01 Survival outcomes according to body mass index (BMI): results from a pooled analysis of 5 observational or phase IV studies of bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)
Authors: Y. Zafar, J. Hubbard, E. Van Cutsem, F. Hermann, A.J. Storm, E. Gomez, C. Revil, A. Grothey
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
In Vitro and In Vivo Formation of 7-(2′-Carboxyethyl)guanine From the Liver Carcinogen 1-Nitroso-5,6-dihydrouracil and Its Reactions With Water and Methanol&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S S Mirvish, A E Ross, B Gold, N Drake
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the potent liver carcinogen 1-nitroso-5,6-dihydrouracil [(NDHU) CAS: 16813-36-8] afforded 3-hydroxypropionic acid and acrylic acid in 72 and 6% yield, respectively. The base-catalyzed methanolysis of NDHU gave quantitative yields of 3-methoxypropionic acid and methyl carbamate. These results indicate that base-catalyzed NDHU decomposition produces a 2-carboxyethyl carbonium-ion-type intermediate. When 3H-labeled NDHU was reacted at pH 8 with DNA and RNA, 7-(2'-carboxyethyl)guanine (CEG) was detected in the hydrolysate and was identified by its cochromatography with authentic CEG in five (for DNA) or three (for RNA) systems and by a reverse isotope-dilution procedure. Radioactively labeled CEG (identified as before) and five other labeled chromatographic fractions were present in liver DNA and RNA hydrolysates after [3H]NDHU was gavaged into MRC Wistar rats. These fractions persisted in the liver DNA for various times up to 33 days after the gavage. The CEG fraction was 94% of the radioactivity in DNA reacted in vitro, but it reached only 21% of the radioactivity in the liver DNA. The results are related to a study on single-strand breaks produced by NDHU in rat liver DNA.
Modern Staging of Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gregory P. Kalemkerian, Shirish M. Gadgeel
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

For many years, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been staged using the Veterans Affairs classification system, which includes only 2 stages: limited (primary tumor and regional lymph nodes within a tolerable radiation field) and extensive (anything beyond limited stage). The TNM staging system used for non-small cell lung cancer is also prognostic for SCLC and should be integrated into the classification scheme for patients with SCLC. The staging workup for SCLC has traditionally included contrast-enhanced CT scans of the chest and abdomen, bone scan, and MRI or CT scan of the brain. Recent data suggest that PET can improve both staging accuracy and treatment planning in patients with SCLC, although further prospective studies are needed to fully define its role.
Late-breaking abstract: Serum and blood cell culture Th17 cytokines in pigeon fanciers' hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP)
Authors: Kenneth Anderson, Iona Donnelly, Lisa Jolly, S. Todryk, P. Pushparaj, M. Lum, G. Short, M. Adamson, Steven Bourke, Charles McSharry
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

While HP affects a proportion of subjects, the factors that determine susceptibility are poorly understood. In HP experimental models IL-17 has pro-inflammatory function coordinating the inflammatory cytokines however little is known about this system in humans in HP among pigeon fanciers.   Aims:  To quantify IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-22, TNFα, IFNγ, GM-CSF in serum and culture supernatant of immune blood cells of 45 pigeon fanciers and investigate their association with symptoms of HP.   Methods:  Cytokines in antigen-stimulated lymphocyte and monocyte culture assay and serum antibody were measured by enzyme immunoassay.   Results:  11 subjects were categorised as HP probable, 6 were HP possible and 28 HP unlikely. The serum IgG antibody titre correlated with the number of symptoms, (r=0.288, p=0.048), and increased with the disease category of HP (r=0.397, p=0.007). There were no significant differences between clinical categories and plasma cytokine concentration or between the concentrations of serum IgG antibody and any of the cytokines, but there were trends for a negative correlation between the antibody with IL-10 (r= -0.309, p=0.053) and with IL-4 (r= -0.297, p=0.066). The serum antibody levels correlated with antigen-specific proliferation stimulation index (r=0.537, p=0.007), and with IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 (p   Conclusions:  In this study of serum and peripheral blood cell cytokines, the evidence suggested a potential role for Th2 cytokines associated with HP. There was no evidence of Th17 lymphocyte subset involvement.
Properties of Two Isolated Antigens Associated With Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection2
Authors: M. Onuma, C. Olson, D. M. Driscoll
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Properties of Two Isolated Antigens Associated With Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection Get access M. Onuma, M. Onuma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. Olson, C. Olson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. M. Driscoll D. M. Driscoll Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 3, September 1976, Pages 571–578, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.3.571 Published: 01 September 1976 Article history Received: 01 December 1975 Accepted: 24 February 1976 Published: 01 September 1976
Calorie for Calorie, Dietary Fat Restriction Results in More Body Fat Loss than Carbohydrate Restriction in People with Obesity
Authors: Kevin D. Hall, Thomas Bemis, Robert Brychta, Kong Y. Chen, Amber Courville, Emma J. Crayner, Stephanie Goodwin, Juen Guo, Lilian Howard, Nicolas D. Knuth, Bernard V. Miller, Carla M. Prado, Mario Siervo, Monica C. Skarulis, Mary Walter, Peter J. Walter, Laura Yannai
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Aldoxorubicin in Sarcoma
Authors: Rashmi Chugh, Scott M. Schuetze
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, and Vinorelbine Combination Therapy in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase II Randomized Study of the Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group
Authors: Pasquale Comella, Giuseppe Frasci, Nicola Panza, Luigi Manzione, Vito Lorusso, Gaetano Di Rienzo, Riccardo Cioffi, Giuseppe De Cataldis, Luigi Maiorino, Domenico Bilancia, Gianpaolo Nicolella, Michele Natale, Franco Carpagnano, Carmen Pacilio, Mario De Lena, Andrea Bianco, Giuseppe Comella
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: In a previous phase I study cisplatin (CDDP), gemcitabine (GEM), and vinorelbine (VNR) combination therapy was safe and very active in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study was aimed at better defining the activity and toxicity of this regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred eleven chemotherapy-naive patients, age ≤ 70 years, with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC and a performance status of 0 or 1 (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scale) were randomized to two treatment arms. Patients on arm A received CDDP 50 mg/m 2 , GEM 1,000 mg/m 2 , and VNR 25 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8 of an every-3-weeks cycle (57 patients). Patients on arm B received CDDP 80 mg/m 2 , epirubicin 80 mg/m 2 , and vindesine 3 mg/m 2 , all delivered on day 1 every 4 weeks, plus lonidamine orally 150 mg three times daily (54 patients). In December 1996, randomization was stopped early, and an additional 30 patients were treated with the experimental regimen to obtain a more accurate estimation of its activity rate. RESULTS: Among 87 patients who received the CDDP-GEM-VNR combination, four complete responses (CRs) and 46 partial responses (PRs) were observed, for an overall response rate of 57% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46% to 68%). Two CRs and 18 PRs were recorded among 54 patients on arm B, giving a 37% activity rate (95% CI , 24% to 51%). After a median follow-up duration of 19 months, the median progression-free and overall survival durations were 32 and 50 weeks in arm A, and 18 and 33 weeks in arm B, respectively. World Health Organization grade 3 to 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 46% and 14% of patients in arm A and in 22% and 11% of those in arm B, respectively. Severe nonhematologic toxicity was uncommon in both arms. CONCLUSION: The CDDP-GEM-VNR combination is a highly effective treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC and has a manageable toxicity. A phase III trial comparing this new combination with both CDDP-VNR and CDDP-GEM regimens is underway.
Profiling dyspnoea in primary care patients with COPD
Authors: Hana Mullerova, Chao Lu, Maggie Tabberer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objectives : Identify descriptors of clinically significant dyspnoea in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).   Methods : A COPD cohort was identified in the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD) using a record of COPD dg after Jan1 2008 and nearest recorded spirometry (FEV1/FVC (A) with (MRC≥3)  or  (B) without (MRC 1,2) clinically significant dyspnoea ; other traits were collected on or before MRC score date. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression estimated independent associations with dyspnoea.   Results : 38,256 COPD patients with MRC dyspnoea score were identified: females 46%, mean age(SD)=70(10)yrs, GOLD stage I=15%, II=50%, III=27%, IV=6%. Of these, 16,919 (44%) reported clinically significant dyspnoea. Most of the studied characteristics, except for smoking, showed an independent association with significant dyspnoea, most notably females (OR[95% CI]=1.33[1.27, 1.39]), GOLD stage (odds increasing with increasing stage, GOLD IV vs. I = OR[95% CI]=7.67[6.82, 8.63]), heart failure (OR[95% CI]=1.69[1.54, 1.85]), or moderate or severe COPD exacerbation in the past 12months (OR[95% CI]=1.68[1.59, 1.79]).   Conclusions : Clinically significant dyspnoea (MRC≥3) is prevalent in primary COPD patients and associated with markers of higher disease severity and increased risk of poorer outcomes.  Funded by GSK (Protocol WEUSKOP5224).
Sequence analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2: correlation of mutations with family history and ovarian cancer risk.
Authors: T S Frank, S A Manley, O I Olopade, S Cummings, J E Garber, B Bernhardt, K Antman, D Russo, M E Wood, L Mullineau, C Isaacs, B Peshkin, S Buys, V Venne, P T Rowley, S Loader, K Offit, M Robson, H Hampel, D Brener, E P Winer, S Clark, B Weber, L C Strong, A Thomas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE Previous studies of mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 have used detection methods that may underestimate the actual frequency of mutations and have analyzed women using heterogeneous criteria for risk of hereditary cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 238 women with breast cancer before age 50 or ovarian cancer at any age and at least one first- or second-degree relative with either diagnosis underwent sequence analysis of BRCA1 followed by analysis of BRCA2 (except for 27 women who declined analysis of BRCA2 after a deleterious mutation was discovered in BRCA1). Results were correlated with personal and family history of malignancy. RESULTS Deleterious mutations were identified in 94 (39%) women, including 59 of 117 (50%) from families with ovarian cancer and 35 of 121 (29%) from families without ovarian cancer. Mutations were identified in 14 of 70 (20%) women with just one other relative who developed breast cancer before age 50. In women with breast cancer, mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 were associated with a 10-fold increased risk of subsequent ovarian carcinoma (P = .005). CONCLUSION Because mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in women with breast cancer are associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, analysis of these genes should be considered for women diagnosed with breast cancer who have a high probability of carrying a mutation according to the statistical model developed with these data.
Detection of Isolated Mammary Carcinoma Cells in Marrow of Patients with Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: D P Dearnaley, J P Sloane, S Imrie, R C Coombes, M G Ormerod, H Lumley, M Jones, A M Neville
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

Single cells from mammary carcinoma infiltrating bone marrow can be detected in marrow aspirates using immunocytochemical stains for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). This technique has been used to examine marrow aspirates taken from multiple sites from 24 patients at surgery for breast cancer. Ten of these patients had EMA-positive cells in their marrow, while 32 marrow samples from patients who did not have carcinoma were negative. These results have been combined with those obtained by taking aspirates from single sites from 47 breast patients without known skeletal deposits. Follow up showed that the patients with EMA-positive cells in their marrow developed bone metastases at a significantly faster rate.
Fatal Melanoma of the Lower Limbs and Other Sites: An Epidemiologic Study&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: John A. H. Lee
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Tables of deaths from malignant melanoma of skin by age, sex, and site of primary tumor are available for England and Wales for 1958–67 since the introduction of the VIIth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases. The incidence of malignant melanoma of the lower limb in females is high. Women have high death rates from melanomas of the lower limb, compared to other sites and to the rates for lower limb in males. The excess mortality from malignant melanoma of the lower limb in females is currently at a maximum at ages 40–44.
Description of free-flowing pleural effusions in medical reports after echographic assessment: A proposal of standardization
Authors: Andrea Smargiassi, Riccardo Inchingolo, Alessandro Zanforlin, Giuseppe Corbo, Gino Soldati, Salvatore Valente
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: There is no standardized and accepted grading system to qualitatively assess pleural effusion by chest ultrasound. In clinical practice there are pleural effusions (PE) that should not be drained but they need to be subsequently assessed during medical therapy.

Methods: We propose a method to standardize medical reports dealing with free flowing PE using easy anatomic landmarks (level of compression/atelectasis of the lobes; evaluation of the diaphragm dome; possibility to visualize pulmonary hilum) and number of intercostal spaces through which it's possible to check the pleural fluid along the postero-axillary line with the patient sitting or lying supine (Smargiassi A. et al. Respiration 2013 (ahead of print)).

![Figure][1] 



62 PE were evaluated with this method.

Results: Grade 1: 9 PE; Grade 2: 7 PE; Grade 3: 26 PE; Grade 4: 11 PE; Grade 5: 6 PE; Grade 6: 3 PE. Pleural procedures (PP) were immediately performed In 68% of cases. The decision to perform PP depended on both the extension and the clinical conditions and the echographic features of the fluid. PE grade 1, 2 and 3 didn’t undergo immediate PP when related to pneumonia or cardiac/renal failure but followed up during medical therapy. Only if upgraded, PP were required.

Conclusion: Accepting these grades we can contribute to achieve uniformity in description of free flowing PE at ultrasound examination and follow-up.

 [1]: pending:yes
Genome-wide association study of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese subjects identifies a susceptibility locus at PLCE1
Authors: Li-Dong Wang, Fu-You Zhou, Xue-Min Li, Liang-Dan Sun, Xin Song, Yan Jin, Jiang-Man Li, Guo-Qiang Kong, Hong Qi, Juan Cui, Lian-Qun Zhang, Jie-Zhi Yang, Ji-Lin Li, Xing-Chuan Li, Jing-Li Ren, Zhi-Cai Liu, Wen-Jun Gao, Ling Yuan, Wu Wei, Yan-Rui Zhang, Wei-Peng Wang, Ilyar Sheyhidin, Feng Li, Bao-Ping Chen, Shu-Wei Ren, Bin Liu, Dan Li, Jian-Wei Ku, Zong-Min Fan, Sheng-Li Zhou, Zhi-Gang Guo, Xue-Ke Zhao, Na Liu, Yong-Hong Ai, Fang-Fang Shen, Wen-Yan Cui, Shuang Song, Tao Guo, Jing Huang, Chao Yuan, Jia Huang, Yue Wu, Wen-Bin Yue, Chang-Wei Feng, Hong-Lei Li, Yan Wang, Jin-Ya Tian, Yue Lu, Yi Yuan, Wen-Liang Zhu, Min Liu, Wen-Jing Fu, Xia Yang, Han-Jing Wang, Suo-Li Han, Jie Chen, Min Han, Hai-Yan Wang, Peng Zhang, Xiu-Min Li, Jin-Cheng Dong, Guo-Lan Xing, Ran Wang, Ming Guo, Zhi-Wei Chang, Hai-Lin Liu, Li Guo, Zhi-Qing Yuan, Hai Liu, Qin Lu, Liu-Qin Yang, Fu-Guo Zhu, Xiu-Feng Yang, Xiao-Shan Feng, Zhou Wang, Yin Li, She-Gan Gao, Qirenwang Qige, Long-Tang Bai, Wen-Jun Yang, Guang-Yan Lei, Zhong-Ying Shen, Long-Qi Chen, En-Min Li, Li-Yan Xu, Zhi-Yong Wu, Wei-Ke Cao, Jian-Po Wang, Zhi-Qin Bao, Ji-Li Chen, Guang-Cheng Ding, Xiang Zhuang, Ying-Fa Zhou, Hou-Feng Zheng, Zheng Zhang, Xian-Bo Zuo, Zi-Ming Dong, Dong-Mei Fan, Xin He, Jin Wang, Qi Zhou, Qin-Xian Zhang, Xin-Ying Jiao, Shi-Yong Lian, Ai-Fang Ji, Xiao-Mei Lu, Jin-Sheng Wang, Fu-Bao Chang, Chang-Dong Lu, Zhi-Guo Chen, Jian-Jun Miao, Zeng-Lin Fan, Ruo-Bai Lin, Tai-Jiang Liu, Jin-Chang Wei, Qing-Peng Kong, Yu Lan, Yu-Jing Fan, Fu-Sheng Gao, Tian-Yun Wang, Dong Xie, Shu-Qing Chen, Wan-Cai Yang, Jun-Yan Hong, Liang Wang, Song-Liang Qiu, Zhi-Ming Cai, Xue-Jun Zhang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Impact of anticoagulation on upper‐gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis. A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Federica Cerini, Javier Martínez Gonzalez, Ferran Torres, Ángela Puente, Meritxell Casas, Carmen Vinaixa, Marina Berenguer, Alba Ardevol, Salvador Augustin, Elba Llop, Maria Senosiaín, Càndid Villanueva, Joaquin de la Peña, Rafael Bañares, Joan Genescá, Júlia Sopeña, Agustín Albillos, Jaume Bosch, Virginia Hernández‐Gea, Juan Carlos Garcia‐Pagán
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Recent studies have shown that liver cirrhosis (LC) behaves as an acquired hypercoagulable state with increased thrombotic risk. This is why anticoagulation therapy (AT) is now frequently used in these patients. Variceal bleeding is a severe complication of LC. It is unknown whether AT may impact the outcome of bleeding in these patients. Fifty‐two patients on AT with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) were evaluated. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and different cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) were the indication for AT in 14 and 38 patients, respectively. Overall, 104 patients with LC and UGIB not under AT matched for severity of LC, age, sex, source of bleeding, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score served as controls. UGIB was attributed to portal hypertension (PH) in 99 (63%) patients and peptic/vascular lesions in 57 (37%). Twenty‐six (17%) patients experienced 5‐day failure; SOFA, source of UGIB, and PVT, but not AT, were independent predictors of 5‐day failure. In addition, independent predictors of 6‐week mortality, which was observed in 26 (11%) patients, were SOFA, Charlson Comorbidity index, and use of AT for a CVD. There were no differences between patients with/without AT in needs for rescue therapies, intensive care unit admission, transfusions, and hospital stay. Conclusions : Factors that impact the outcome of UGIB in patients under AT are degree of multiorgan failure and comorbidity, but not AT itself. (H epatology 2015;62:575–583
Duration of androgen deprivation therapy in high-risk prostate cancer: A randomized trial.
Authors: Abdenour Nabid, Nathalie Carrier, André-Guy Martin, Jean-Paul Bahary, Luis Souhami, Marie Duclos, Francois Vincent, Sylvie Vass, Boris Bahoric, Robert Archambault, Céline Lemaire
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

LBA4510 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstract.asco.org at 7:30 AM (EDT) on Monday, June 3, 2013, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2013, issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Monday edition of ASCO Daily News.