tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The importance of the E-cadherin-catenin complex in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homoeostasis: more than intercellular glue?
Authors: AIDA JAWHARI, MICHAEL FARTHING, MASSIMO PIGNATELLI
Journal: Gut (1997)

The intestinal epithelium is characterised by rapid cell turnover, with pluripotential stem cells in the crypts of Lieberkuhn providing a continuous supply of cells which are directed into a variety of maturation pathways. Development and maintenance of normal intestinal epithelial morphology requires regulation of daughter cells’ proliferative status, lineage allocation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis.1 It has become increasingly evident that co-ordination of these processes and the consequent generation of the characteristic intestinal epithelial architecture are highly dependent on intercellular and cell-matrix adhesive interactions.2These adhesive events are not random, but through selective interactions, organise cells into diverse and highly distinctive patterns. Connections of cell junctions such as desmosomes, hemidesomosomes, and adherens junctions to the actin cytoskeleton, thus allow maintenance of cell polarity and tissue architecture.3 Variation in the functional state of these adhesive mechanisms is critical to the dynamic processes necessary for tissue morphogenesis in the embryo,4 where many morphogenetic events are correlated with a unique spatiotemporal pattern of cadherin expression.5 Such variation is also critical to the maintenance of this highly complex architecture in various physiological and pathological states, such as migration of cells up the crypt-villus axis6 and repair of mucosal injuries. In view of these facts, it is not surprising that many cell adhesion molecules have been implicated in cell signalling pathways.7 8 

E-cadherin is a member of the large cadherin superfamily and is the predominant intercellular adhesion molecule expressed by intestinal epithelial cells.3 It is a calcium dependent transmembrane protein which forms a key component of adherens junctions. E-cadherin molecules form dimers at the cell surface, which interdigitate with other E-cadherin molecules on adjacent epithelial cells resulting in the formation of cell adhesion “zippers” (fig 1).9 10E-cadherin has classically been thought to be exclusively involved …
Control of regional circulations by the sino-aortic reflexes during desynchronised sleep in the cat
Authors: G. BACCELLI, R. ALBERTINI, G. MANCIA, A. ZANCHETTI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Journal Article Control of regional circulations by the sino-aortic reflexes during desynchronised sleep in the cat Get access G. BACCELLI, G. BACCELLI From the lstituto di Ricerche Cardiovascolari and Istituto di Patologia Medica I, University of Milan, and Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari, CNR, Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. ALBERTINI, R. ALBERTINI From the lstituto di Ricerche Cardiovascolari and Istituto di Patologia Medica I, University of Milan, and Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari, CNR, Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. MANCIA, G. MANCIA From the lstituto di Ricerche Cardiovascolari and Istituto di Patologia Medica I, University of Milan, and Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari, CNR, Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. ZANCHETTI A. ZANCHETTI 1 From the lstituto di Ricerche Cardiovascolari and Istituto di Patologia Medica I, University of Milan, and Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari, CNR, Milan, Italy 1Address for correspondence and reprints: Professor Alberto Zanchetti, lstituto Ricerche Cardiovascolari, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 12, Issue 9, September 1978, Pages 523–528, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/12.9.523 Published: 01 September 1978
Diagnosis of the Mitral Lesion in Patients with Giant Left Atria
Authors: P. G. F. Nixon, H. Ikram
Journal: Thorax (1963)

Aneurysmal dilatation of the left atrium occurs in mitral incompetence (Parsonnet, Bernstein, and Martland, 1946) and in mitral stenosis (Venner, 1954), and its presence may mask the underlying mitral lesion by modifying the left atrial pres- sure pulse (Fairley, 1961) and the indicator-dilu- tion curve (Nixon and Snow, 1962).The purpose of this communication is to des- cribe the important clinical, haemodynamic, and surgical findings in 19 patients with gross enlarge- ment of the left atrium, and to consider the diagnosis of the underlying mitral lesion. MATERIAL AND METHODSNineteen patients with severe rheumatic mitral valvular disease and gross left atrial enlargement were selected for this study because the mitral valve had been examined at operation.Their ages ranged between 25 and 56 years, and 11 were women.None had hypertension or aortic valve disease.All were physically examined, and high or
An Angiocardiographic Analysis of the Thickness of the Left Ventricular Wall and Cavity in Aortic Stenosis and Other Valvular Lesions
Authors: NORMAN D. LEVINE, S. DAVID ROCKOFF, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1963)

In order to provide information concerning changes in the width of the left ventricular cavity and the thickness of the left ventricular wall in patients with various forms of heart disease, relatively simple measurements were carried out on angiocardiograms exposed during diastole in the frontal projection. The diameter of the left ventricular cavity and the thickness of the free wall of the left ventricle were measured in a standardized manner in 57 patients, in all of whom the diagnosis had been established. In patients with valvular or discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis, the thickness of the free wall of the left ventricle was usually greater than in patients without abnormalities of the left ventricle, and the degree of thickening correlated closely with the degree of obstruction. This type of correlation was not present in patients with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. No increase in the width of the left ventricular cavity was noted in patients with obstruction to left ventricular outflow. In patients with aortic or mitral regurgitation, the width of the left ventricular cavity tended to be increased without any consistent increase in the thickness of the left ventricular wall. The measurements described are simple enough to be applied routinely in order to provide information concerning the effects of various forms of heart disease on the gross structure of the left ventricle during life.
Acute Pancreatitis Following Gastrointestinal Endoscopy without Ampullary Cannulation
Authors: J.P. Deschamps, H. Allemand, R. Janin Magnificat, G. Camelot, M. Gillet, P. Carayon
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

The case of a 58-year-old woman who developed acute pancreatitis following routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is reported. Ampullary cannulation was not performed. At surgery, a focus of acute necrotizing pancreatitis was disclosed in the pancreatic area drained by the duct of Santorin. Overdistention of the duodenum, and reflux of air and/or duodenal juice into the pancreatic duct might have been etiological factors in this case of acute pancreatitis.
The CD8+ T cell repertoire in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice is biased towards reactivity against self-major histocompatibility class I.
Authors: R Glas, C Ohlén, P Höglund, K Kärre
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Beta 2-Microglobulin-deficient (beta 2m -/-) mice are reported to lack cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, CD8+ T cells, and the ability to mount MHC class I-specific T cell responses. We have observed that beta 2m -/- mice possess CD8+ T cells that can be induced to perform strong allospecific cytotoxic responses against nonself-MHC class I by in vivo priming. We report that these beta 2m -/- cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) differ from those induced in beta 2m-positive littermates in that they cross-react and kill cells expressing self-MHC class I at normal ligand density with beta 2m. beta 2m -/- CTL could even be induced in primary mixed lymphocyte culture by self-MHC class I expressing stimulator cells, whereas allogeneic stimulator cells failed to elicit a response under similar conditions. Cells with a reduced cell surface MHC class I expression were less sensitive, while syngeneic beta 2m -/- cells were resistant to the beta 2m -/- CTL. This antiself-MHC reactivity could not be induced when beta 2m -/- T cells matured in an environment with normal MHC class I expression in bone marrow chimeric mice. Antiself-MHC reactivity was also observed against human peptide loading-deficient cells expressing the appropriate murine class I molecules, suggesting that affinity to self-MHC class I may occur irrespective of peptide content. The results fit with a model where positive and negative selection of CD8+ T cells in beta 2m -/- mice is mediated by low levels of MHC class I free heavy chains. In this model, low ligand density on selecting cells leads to positive selection of rare T cells that bind to low levels of MHC class I free heavy chains, resulting in a very small peripheral CD8+ compartment. Due to low density of the selecting ligand, negative selection does not remove T cells recognizing beta 2m-positive cells expressing self-MHC class I at normal ligand density, which generates a T cell repertoire that would be autoreactive in a beta 2m-positive littermate. The first "MHC deficient" animals thus paradoxically provide a tool for direct demonstration and analysis of self MHC bias in the T cell repertoire.
Clinical and Hemodynamic Results of Peritoneal Dialysis for Intractable Cardiac Failure.
Authors: Kenneth B. Cairns
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Clinical and Hemodynamic Results of Peritoneal Dialysis for Intractable Cardiac Failure.Kenneth B. Cairns, M.D., George A. Porter, M.D., Frank E. Kloster, M.D., J. David Bristow, M.D., Herbert E. Griswold, M.D., F.A.C.P.Kenneth B. Cairns, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, George A. Porter, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Frank E. Kloster, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. David Bristow, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Herbert E. Griswold, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1034_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHeart failure refractory to medical management, especially when complicated by a dilutional state, often represents end-stage disease. The treatment is slow, unpleasant, and generally unsuccessful. Thirteen such severely ill patients were treated with hypertonic peritoneal dialysis. In ten with technically satisfactory dialyses, an average of 5 liters was removed with immediate decrease in edema. Six achieved remission, as judged by sustained diuresis weight loss and clinical improvement, lasting from 3 weeks to over a year. One improved sufficiently to undergo successful valve replacement.The average weight decreased from 63 to 48 kg after 24 hr of dialysis and to 56.5... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Portland, Oregon PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1034-1035KeywordsEdemaHeart diseasesHeart failureHemodynamicsMedical dialysisPeritoneal dialysisValve replacementWeight loss Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Two New p73 Splice Variants, γ and δ, with Different Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Vincenzo De Laurenzi, Antonio Costanzo, Daniela Barcaroli, Alessandro Terrinoni, Mirella Falco, Margherita Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli, Massimo Levrero, Gerry Melino
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

p73 has been recently identified as a new structural and functional homologue of the transcription factor p53. It is expressed in either a full-length form, alpha, or a shorter beta mRNA variant, with exon 13 spliced out. Here we report the identification and functional characterization of two new p73 splicing variants, gamma (splicing out exon 11) and delta (splicing out exons 11, 12, and 13). Both gamma and delta p73 variants are expressed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, primary keratinocytes, and different tumor cell lines, including neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, melanoma, hepatoma, and leukemia. The expression pattern of the four p73 splicing variants differs in both primary cells of different lineage and established cell lines even within the same type of tumor. A two-hybrid assay was used to characterize the homodimeric and heterodimeric interactions between the p73 variants, and showed that neither p73gamma nor p73delta interact with p53, whereas p73gamma showed strong interactions with all p73 isoforms, and p73delta binds efficiently p73alpha and p73gamma but only weakly p73beta. At the functional level, p73gamma is significantly less efficient in activating transcription of the p21(Waf1/Cip1) promoter than p53 or p73beta, whereas the effect of p73delta is intermediate and comparable to that of p73alpha. The ability of the different p73 variants to affect cell growth in p53 null osteosarcoma SAOS-2 cells correlates with their transcriptional activity on the p21(Waf1/Cip1) promoter: p73beta is the most efficient in inhibiting colony formation, whereas p73gamma is almost ineffective. Our results suggest that p73 isoforms may be differentially regulated, with four different isoforms capable of interacting among themselves and with p53. The relative expression level of each splice variant may modulate p73 transcriptional and growth suppression activities by affecting heterodimer formation.
Irradiation to the Head and Neck Area and Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Oliver H. Beahrs
Journal: JAMA (1980)

THIS COMMENTARY is being written in response to the article by Royce et al, entitled "Value of Postirradiation Screening for Thyroid Nodules" (<i>JAMA</i>242:2675-2678, 1979). The communication comes from principals involved in a workshop on this subject sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, which resulted in the recommendations now brought into question by that article. One conclusion in the article is that irradiation of the head and neck may not be a causative factor in the development of thyroid cancer. This point of view was emphasized in the accompanying editorial by Robert T. Utiger, MD, in the same issue, entitled "Is External Irradiation a Risk Factor for Thyroid Disease and Thyroid Carcinoma?" (242:2702, 1979). It may create great concern among those patients who have had surgery for a thyroid nodule, possibly discovered as a result of the publicity on this subject during the last five years, and it may deter
Non-specialists can reduce symptoms in mental health patients in developing countries, says Cochrane review
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Non-specialist health workers may help increase the number of patients who recover from anxiety and depression and improve the symptoms of patients with dementia in settings where mental health professionals are scarce, a new Cochrane review has indicated.1

The review of 38 studies from seven low income and 15 middle income countries has also found that non-specialist health workers may slightly reduce symptoms of mothers with perinatal depression and of adults with post-traumatic stress disorder.

It has shown that health workers who are not specialists in mental health or neurology may also help decrease alcohol consumption among adults with alcohol misuse disorders by one or two drinks each day and may improve the mental wellbeing of people who care for patients with dementia.

Vikram Patel, a psychiatrist and founder of Sangath, a …
Restenosis Rates in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Eric Van Belle, Christophe Bauters, Edouard Hubert, Jean-Christophe Bodart, Kaveh Abolmaali, Thibaud Meurice, Eugène P. McFadden, Jean-Marc Lablanche, Michel E. Bertrand
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Diabetes is a major risk factor for restenosis after coronary balloon angioplasty. Recent studies have shown that coronary stenting significantly reduces restenosis compared with balloon angioplasty alone. However, limited information is available on the effect of coronary stenting in diabetic patients. Methods and Results We designed this study to analyze the effect of diabetes on restenosis in patients treated with either balloon angioplasty or coronary stenting who were enrolled in a 6-month angiographic follow-up program. Three hundred consecutive patients, 19% of whom were diabetics, who underwent coronary stent implantation during a single-vessel procedure on native coronary vessels and who had 6-month angiographic follow-up constituted the study group (stent group). Three hundred consecutive patients who underwent 6-month angiographic follow-up after single-vessel conventional balloon angioplasty served as control patients (balloon group). Preprocedural, postprocedural, and follow-up angiograms were analyzed with quantitative angiography. In the balloon group, the restenosis rate was almost twofold higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic patients (63% versus 36%; P =.0002) owing to both a greater late loss (0.79±0.70 versus 0.41±0.61 mm, respectively; P &lt;.0001) and a higher rate of late vessel occlusion (14% versus 3%, respectively; P &lt;.001). In the stent group, restenosis rates were similar in diabetics and nondiabetics (25% versus 27%, respectively). Furthermore, in the stent group, late loss (0.77±0.65 versus 0.79±0.57 mm, respectively) and the rate of late vessel occlusion (2% versus 1%, respectively) did not differ significantly between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Conclusions Although diabetics have increased rates of restenosis and late vessel occlusion after simple balloon angioplasty, they have the same improved outcome with coronary stenting that has been documented in nondiabetic patients.
WHAT SHALL WE TEACH THE PUBLIC REGARDING VENEREAL DISEASES?
Authors: BRANSFORD LEWIS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

It is the united sentiment of modern students of this subject, that as a measure of public safety if for no other reason, the public should be taught certain facts regarding the venereal diseases. To me has been delegated the duty of assisting in the discussion of what should properly be brought within this category. Such teaching should be considered under two headings: that by means of printed communications, and that by means of lectures. The scope of the instruction embraced in the printed matter necessarily will be smaller than in a lecture or a series of lectures. Teaching in this manner has lately been undertaken in Germany by the Society for Combating Venereal Diseases, the national organization of that country for sanitary prophylaxis. This society has issued for general distribution two circulars on the subject, one for women and one for men;<sup>1</sup>written in the simplest possible language,
Neurological effects of recombinant human interferon.
Authors: H Smedley, M Katrak, K Sikora, T Wheeler
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Ten women with advanced locally recurrent breast cancer who had failed to respond to radiation and hormonal and cytotoxic agents were given up to 12 weeks of recombinant leucocyte interferon 20 X 10(6) U/m2 daily or 50 X 10(6) U/m2 three times a week. Within one hour of administration influenza-like symptoms began, which one week later were superseded by lethargy, anorexia, and nausea, with a consequent loss of weight in most patients. Other side effects included profound somnolence, confusion, paraesthesia, and (in one patient) signs of an upper motor neurone lesion in the legs. All these effects together with increased slow wave activity in electroencephalograms from all patients during treatment disappeared when interferon was withdrawn and did not recur on reintroducing the drug at a lower dosage. Studies are continuing to determine the mechanisms of these effects.
Commentary: Cost effectiveness of antenatal screening for cystic fibrosis
Authors: A. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1995)

As a clinical geneticist commenting on this paper I will consider some assumptions made by the authors and the context in which antenatal screening for cystic fibrosis might be carried out.

There are four aspects of this study that raise important questions. The first concerns the provision of information before the test and the influence of this on the uptake of testing. From the reports of (non-pregnant) population screening for cystic fibrosis in Britain, the mode of invitation seems to be a major influence on most people's decisions about testing. For example, uptake after invitation by letter has been about 9-12%; after active opportunistic invitation to an appointment for counselling and testing 25%; and after opportunistic invitation to on the spot testing 66-87%.1 2 This can be interpreted as the compliance of and uninterested public in the face of professional enthusiasm for testing. Given this background, how are we to understand the high rates of uptake reported in prenatal …
Chronic Leg Ulcers
Authors: J. Lamar Callaway
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN THE DISCUSSION to follow there may be few, if any, original concepts developed. However, it will be my object to present a working classification of chronic leg ulcers, to outline a plan to establish the proper diagnosis, and to suggest a logical approach to successful management. Among the treatment procedures discussed, emphasis will be placed on the use of pinch grafts by the dermatologist to hasten the involution of large recalcitrant leg ulcers. Classification will reflect the combined experience of many clinicians. A detailed differential diagnosis and clinical description of each entity would require an extensive monograph, which is outside the scope of this presentation. Also, certain conditions which affect the feet predominantly, such as diabetic gangrene and so-called neurotropic ulcers, will not be considered. Only ulcerations which predominantly affect the legs will be included. Any classification of ulcerations of the leg must be arbitrary, and this will
Bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7), a novel therapy for diabetic nephropathy11Professor Robert Chevalier served as a guest editor for this paper.
Authors: Song Wang, Qing Chen, Theodore C. Simon, Frank Strebeck, Lala Chaudhary, Jeremiah Morrissey, Helen Liapis, Saulo Klahr, Keith A. Hruska
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Successfully Treated With Steroid Therapy
Authors: Toshikazu Yabe, Tomoyuki Hamada, Toru Kubo, Makoto Okawa, Naohito Yamasaki, Yoshihisa Matsumura, Hiroaki Kitaoka, Yoshinori Doi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Does a complex intervention by primary care nurses increase walking in older people? Outcomes at 3 and 12 months in the PACE-Lift (Pedometer Accelerometer Consultation Evaluation-Lift) cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tess Harris, Sally M Kerry, Christina R Victor, Ulf Ekelund, Alison Woodcock, Steve Iliffe, Peter H Whincup, Carole Beighton, Michael Ussher, Elizabeth Limb, Lee David, Debbie Brewin, Fredrika Adams, Annabelle Rogers, Derek G Cook
Journal: The Lancet (2014)