tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 16730: Enhancing the Cardiomyogenic Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Modulation of miR Expression
Authors: Elisabetta Cervio, Federica Pisano, Patrizia Danieli, Massimiliano Gnecchi
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: it has been shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMC) both in vitro and in vivo. However, the efficiency of cardiac differentiation is very limited. Recently, it has been suggested that miR1, 133 and 499 are involved in cardiac development and stem cell differentiation. The role of these miR in MSC differentiation is currently unknown. Accordingly, we tested if the overexpression of miR1, 133 and 499 may favour the differentiation of MSC into CMC. Methods: miR1, 133, and 499 were transiently overexpressed, one by one or in different combinations, in human MSC. Cardiac differentiation was evaluated by measuring the expression of the cardiac specific markers GATA4, Nkx2.5, Tbx5, MEF2c, MLC2v, Cx43, cTnT and α-MHC. Western Blot and immunocytochemistry (ICC) for cTnT and Cx43 were also performed. Results: miR499 alone increased the expression of the early cardiac genes GATA4, Tbx5, MLC2v. In particular, miR499 exerted more pronounced effects compared with miR1 and miR133. Concomitant overexpression of miR499 and miR133 further increased the expression of Tbx5 and MEF2c. Western Blot analysis showed that miR499 increased the expression of late cardiac genes when overexpressed alone or in combination with miR133. Finally, ICC staining confirmed that miR499 in association with miR133 increase Cx43 and cTnT protein expression. Finally, the expression of cardiac specific protein α-MHC was more pronounced in MSC overexpressing miR499 alone or in combination with miR133. Conclusions: concomitant overexpression of miR499 and miR133 successfully commit AMSC into CMC. Our data suggests that miR modulation can represent a promising approach to improve the efficiency of cardioregnerative therapy with multipotent stem cells.
Ms X: A Promising New View of Anorexia Nervosa, Futility, and End-of-Life Decisions in a Very Recent English Case
Authors: Robin Mackenzie
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

Debate on conceptions of futility over whether those diagnosed with psychiatric conditions should be regarded as competent, able to refuse lifesaving treatment, needs to be reframed. In many jurisd...
The Diagnosis and Management of Splenic Artery Aneurysms
Authors: D R Greene, T F Gorey, W A Tanner, B E Lane, P G Collins
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

The presentation and course of 7 patients with splenic artery aneurysms is reviewed. Three presented with abdominal pain, 2 with collapse and rupture and in 2 it was an incidental finding. Four patients had elective ligation-excision of the aneurysm with splenectomy as had one patient operated on as an emergency, with no operative mortality. The aneurysm size ranged from 20 to 45 mm (mean 30 mm) and histology confirmed atheroma. One patient was managed as a myocardial infarct for 8 hours after admission and a ruptured splenic aneurysm was diagnosed at autopsy, an overall mortality of 14%. A 66-year-old woman in poor general health was managed expectantly and was asymptomatic when lost to follow-up after 2 years.
Effects of Yoga and aerobic exercise training on functional capacity, respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Naciye Vardar-Yagli, Gul Sener, Hulya Arikan, Melda Saglam, Deniz Inal-Ince, Sema Savci, Ebru Calik, Mustafa Kadri Altundag, Baris Kaya, Tezer Kutluk, Yavuz Ozisik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic exercise training and yoga program on functional capacity, respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life in breast cancer survivors.  Methods: Forty patients with breast cancer were included. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups. Aerobic exercise training was given to both groups for 30 min per day, 3 days per week for 6 weeks. In another group, one hour yoga program was applied besides aerobic exercise training. Pulmonary function test and six-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed. Respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP) was measured. Quality of life was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QOL-C30).  Results: The 6MWT distance and quality of life were significantly increased in both groups (p  Conclusion: Aerobic exercise programs can be supported by body mind techniques such as yoga to improve functional recovery, muscle strength and psychosocial wellness in the rehabilitation of cancer patients.
Effects of long-term treatment with inhaled cromoglycate and budesonide on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with allergic asthma
Authors: J Molema, CL van Herwaarden, HT Folgering
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

Twenty two allergic patients with bronchial asthma completed this study. Effects of long-term treatment with inhaled cromoglycate 4 x 2 mg.day-1 were compared to the effects of inhaled budesonide 4 x 0.1 mg.day-1 on symptoms, additional beta 2-agonist use, lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness measured by the provocation concentration of histamine producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (PC20 histamine) and exercise-induced fall in FEV1. The study was carried out in a double-blind way with a randomized crossover design using a double-dummy technique. After a single-blind placebo period, the two active treatment periods of 6 weeks were separated by a single-blind placebo period. Symptom score and beta 2-agonist use decreased during both active treatment periods, which showed no mutual differences. Morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates were significantly higher during treatment with budesonide versus placebo (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001), and also versus cromoglycate (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05). FEV1 showed improvement after a 6 week treatment with budesonide versus placebo (p less than 0.05), although there was no significant difference between the two active treatments. PC20 histamine did not change during treatment with cromoglycate. Budesonide showed a significant increase in PC20 histamine versus placebo (p less than 0.05) and was marginally significantly better than cromoglycate (p = 0.05). Exercise-induced fall in FEV1 was not changed by cromoglycate, but improved significantly during budesonide in comparison with placebo (p less than 0.01) and also with cromoglycate (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
X‐linked sideroblastic anemia due to ALAS2 intron 1 enhancer element GATA‐binding site mutations
Authors: Dean R. Campagna, Charlotte I. de Bie, Klaus Schmitz‐Abe, Marion Sweeney, Anoop K. Sendamarai, Paul J. Schmidt, Matthew M. Heeney, Helger G. Yntema, Caroline Kannengiesser, Bernard Grandchamp, Charlotte M. Niemeyer, Nine V.A.M. Knoers, Sonia Swart, Gordon Marron, Richard van Wijk, Reinier A. Raymakers, Alison May, Kyriacos Markianos, Sylvia S. Bottomley, Dorine W. Swinkels, Mark D. Fleming
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

X‐linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA) is the most common form of congenital sideroblastic anemia. In affected males, it is uniformly associated with partial loss‐of‐function missense mutations in the erythroid‐specific heme biosynthesis protein 5‐aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2). Here, we report five families with XLSA owing to mutations in a GATA transcription factor binding site located in a transcriptional enhancer element in intron 1 of the ALAS2 gene. As such, this study defines a new class of mutations that should be evaluated in patients undergoing genetic testing for a suspected diagnosis of XLSA. Am. J. Hematol. 89:315–319, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase II trial of capecitabine (CAP) and oxaliplatin (OX) in patients (pts) with adeno- and undifferentiated carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP)
Authors: K. Sprenger, A. Kretzschmar, G. Folprecht, H. Link, V. Gruenwald, C. Köhne, M. Stahl, K. Buhl, G. Huebner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15594 Background: For pts. with CUP treatment options are limited and no standard first-line regimen has been identified. CAP and OX proved efficacy and tolerability in colorectal cancer and in other gastrointestinal cancer types. Monotherapy with at least one of the drugs demonstrated antineoplastic activity in cancer of the upper intestinum (pancreatic, cholangiocellular and hepatocellular carcinoma), breast cancer and NSCLC. Methods: This multicenter phase II trial was designed to investigate CAPOX in pts. with CUP. The primary end point was the overall response rate (ORR), the hypothesis an ORR (incl. 95% CI) ≥ 20%. Pts. received CAP (2000 mg/m2 d1–14) and OX (130 mg/m2 d1, q21d) at a maximum of 6 cycles. Main eligibility criteria were pts. with a non-resectable, histologically/cytologically proven adeno- or undifferentiated CUP, ECOG PS 0–2, no prior chemotherapy, absence of brain metastases. Results: 51 pts. (35 male and 16 female) were enrolled. Median age was 65, ECOG PS 0/1/2 21/20/5 pts. Predominant metastatic locations were liver (39%), lymph nodes (29%), lung (12%) and bone (10%). Eight pts. had undifferenciated carcinomas, 43 adenocarcinoma (36 poorly and 7 well differentiated). Grade 3/4 toxicity included fatigue (10%), anemia (4%), diarrhea (4%), abdominal pain (4%), thrombopenia (2%), mucositis (2%) and neurotoxicity (2%). There was one treatment related death due to fever/infection combined with diarrhea. Six pts. achieved objective remissions (12 %, 1 patient CR and 5 pts. PR). Thirteen pts. had SD (25%), 30 pts. PD (59%), 4 pts. were not evaluable. Median PFS was 2.4 months, median OS 7.3 months. Conclusions: Although CAPOX proved to be a tolerable regimen in a multicenter phase-II- trial in CUP, it failed the primary endpoint. The low response rates in this trial do not encourage further testing in CUP-syndrome. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Merck KGaA, Pfizer, sanofi-aventis, Roche Merck KGaA, Pfizer, sanofi-aventis
Compassionate use of amphotericin B lipid complex (Abelcet) in life-threatening fungal infections: report of 30 courses
Authors: Ph. Clevenbergh, E Jacobs, A. Kentos, B. Byl, L. Collignon, M. Moerman, E. Serruys, J.P. Thys
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (1998)
Generation of political priority for global surgery: a qualitative policy analysis
Authors: Yusra Ribhi Shawar, Jeremy Shiffman, David A Spiegel
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

Despite the high burden of surgical conditions, the provision of surgical services has been a low global health priority. We examined factors that have shaped priority for global surgical care.We undertook semi-structured interviews by telephone with members of global surgical networks and ministries of health to explore the challenges and opportunities surgeons, anaesthesiologists, and other proponents face in increasing global priority for surgery. We did a literature review and collected information from reports from organisations involved in surgery. We used a policy framework consisting of four categories-actor power, ideas, political contexts, and characteristics of the issue itself-to analyse factors that have shaped global political priority for surgery. We did a thematic analysis on the collected information.Several factors hinder the acquisition of attention and resources for global surgery. With respect to actor power, the global surgery community is fragmented, does not have unifying leadership, and is missing guiding institutions. Regarding ideas, community members disagree on how to address and publicly position the problem. With respect to political contexts, the community has made insufficient efforts to capitalise on political opportunities such as the Millennium Development Goals. Regarding issue characteristics, data on the burden of surgical diseases are limited and public misperceptions surrounding the cost and complexity of surgery are widespread. However, the community has several strengths that portend well for the acquisition of political support. These include the existence of networks deeply committed to the cause, the potential to link with global health priorities, and emerging research on the cost-effectiveness of some procedures.To improve global priority for surgery, proponents will need to create an effective governance structure that facilitates achievement of collective goals, generate consensus on solutions, and find an effective public positioning of the issue that attracts political support.None.
Trisomy 13 in myeloid malignancies: Clinical, morphologic and immunologic correlations and characterization by combined immunophenotyping and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
Authors: Lucienne Michaux, Augustin Ferrant, J. Dierlamm, W. Zeller, Véronique Deneys, Iwona Wlodarska, Jean-Marie Scheiff, A. Criel, Peter Meeus, Jl. Michaux, D. Selleslag, G. Verhoef, Jm. Hernandez, Christine Dumoulin, Hans Vandenberghe, Anne Hagemeijer
Journal: Blood (1996)
Non-didactic methods are preferable
Authors: J. Balakrishna
Journal: BMJ (1995)

seen in the light of the fact that lottery tickets now include instant scratch cards, which have many features of hard gaming, with large jackpots and "heart stoppers" giving the illusion that the person has almost won a big prize.'The availability and promotion of gambling facilities are important in the causation of pathological gambling.4Before the introduction of the National Lottery, public policy under successive governments, including the present one, allowed gambling only to the extent needed to meet unstimulated demand.However, the lottery has been promoted vigorously, and this has involved children.In particular, the weekly draw is broad- cast well before the 9 pm watershed, before which programmes are deemed to be suitable for children.Consequently, the National Lottery draw is the second most popular television pro- gramme among 10 to 15 year old children, with 38% watching.'Gambling is adult entertainment and not a reliable way of making money for the punter.The only sure way of accumulating riches from gambling is to join the gambling industry.Punters who do not recognise this tend to "chase losses" with disastrous consequences.The most destructive effect of the National Lottery has therefore been the heavily promoted idea that it-and by implication gambling in general-is only about winning money.In fact, the vast majority of those who buy lottery tickets are losers.Nevertheless, intermittent small payouts and huge publicity about the few large ones reinforce the activity.Since this sequence can lead to gambling depen- dence,4 it is potentially dangerous for children.
The Nature of Shared Cortical Variability
Authors: I-Chun Lin, Michael Okun, Matteo Carandini, Kenneth D. Harris
Journal: Neuron (2015)

Neuronal responses of sensory cortex are highly variable, and this variability is correlated across neurons. To assess how variability reflects factors shared across a neuronal population, we analyzed the activity of many simultaneously recorded neurons in visual cortex. We developed a simple model that comprises two sources of shared variability: a multiplicative gain, which uniformly scales each neuron's sensory drive, and an additive offset, which affects different neurons to different degrees. This model captured the variability of spike counts and reproduced the dependence of pairwise correlations on neuronal tuning and stimulus orientation. The relative contributions of the additive and multiplicative fluctuations could vary over time and had marked impact on population coding. These observations indicate that shared variability of neuronal populations in sensory cortex can be largely explained by two factors that modulate the whole population.
Changes in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels and outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an analysis of the I‐Preserve study
Authors: Pardeep S. Jhund, Inder S. Anand, Michel Komajda, Brian L. Claggett, Robert S. McKelvie, Michael R. Zile, Peter E. Carson, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2015)
Disease impact number and population impact number: population perspectives to measures of risk and benefit Commentary: DINS, PINS, and things---clinical and population perspectives on treatment effects
Authors: R. F Heller
Journal: BMJ (2000)

# Disease impact number and population impact number: population perspectives to measures of risk and benefit {#article-title-2} The number needed to treat statistic is a clinically useful measure of treatment effect, conveying both statistical and clinical importance to the treating doctor. 1 2 This information, however, is limited to clinical decision making and lacks a public health perspective. We propose two new statistics, which should allow the impact of an intervention to be seen in the context of the broader population. The number needed to treat is defined as the number of patients who must be treated to prevent one patient from experiencing the adverse effects of the disease being studied.3 For example, treating five diabetic patients with intensive therapy may result in one fewer patient who dies or has a macrovascular event.4 This gives an immediate and simple understanding of the impact of the intervention. The number needed to treat statistic, however, relates only to those people actually treated and does not give an appreciation of how many people with the disease in question, or of the total population, will benefit from applying the intervention. Our proposed new statistics offer this population perspective to the number needed to treat. We propose two statistics, the disease impact number and the population impact number. The disease impact number provides a population perspective by taking account of the number of people in the population with the disease, not just those eligible for the intervention according to the entry criteria for the trial from which the evidence of benefit is derived or those who actually have access to treatment. It is defined as “the number of those with the disease in question among whom one event will be prevented by the intervention.” It is given by the formula 1/(absolute risk reduction × proportion of people with the disease who are exposed to the intervention) where the absolute risk … Correspondence to: L Smeeth
Abstract 12772: Dilated Inferior Vena Cava, Depression, Sleep Apnea Syndrome are Independent Risk Factors of Readmission in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Masahiko Setoguchi, Yuji Hashimoto, Makoto Noda, Mitsuaki Isobe
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Purpose: The number of patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been relatively increasing compared with the number of HF patients with reduced EF (HFrEF), and ...
Value of deflation cough in the exclusion of acid reflux in patients with gastro-oesophageal disorders and chronic cough
Authors: Elisa Chellini, Federico Lavorini, Elisabetta Surrenti, Giacomo Campi, Margherita Innocenti, Giovanni Fontana
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Patients with deflation cough (DC), i.e. the cough evoked by maximal lung emptying, also present symptoms of gastro-oesopahegael reflux (GOR). Accordingly, the DC has been shown to be inhibited by prior administration of an antacid. We evaluated the occurrence of DC in 92 consecutive patients (42 females, mean age 49±5 yrs) with symptoms of GOR, 40 of whom also reported chronic cough. Patients were asked to perform 2-3 slow vital capacity manoeuvres by means of a pneumotachograph and DC appearance was detected by visually inspecting the flow recordings. Subsequently, patients underwent a 24-hour double channel oesophageal pH recordings; a reflux episode was defined as esophageal pH  14.72 was considered indicative for abnormal acid reflux.  Overall, DC occurred in 23/92 patients, and 8 of them showed abnormal acid GOR; 20 of the remaining 69 patients who did not display DC had abnormal acid GOR (P=0.60, Fisher9s exact test). Among patients who also reported chronic cough DC occurred in 18/40 and 8 of them showed abnormal acid GOR; all but one of the remaining 22 patients in whom DC was not detected proved to have normal oesophageal pH recordings(P  These preliminary results suggest that absence of DC virtually excludes abnormal acid reflux in patients with GOR symptoms and chronic cough. Thus, DC may represent an useful, inexpensive and easy to perform screening test to rule out abnormal acid reflux in patients with GOR symptoms and chronic cough.
Abstract 1338: Decreased Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor Knock-out Mice Transplanted with ABCG1 Deficient Bone Marrow is Associated with Compensatory Induction of Abca1 and apoE Secretion from Macrophages
Authors: Mollie Ranalletta, Nan Wang, Seongah Han, Laurent Yvan-Charvet, Carrie Welch, Alan R Tall
Journal: Circulation (2006)
SYPHILIS IN SERUM NEGATIVE FEEBLEMINDED CHILDREN
Authors: CLEMENS E. BENDA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

If we consider sero-positive reactions in the feebleminded population as indication of congenital syphilis, the percentage of congenital syphilis is very low—less than 2 per cent. This estimate is, however, based on usually one test and it is known that this percentage is much too low. It is generally agreed that the sero- reactions in congenital syphilis vary to a great extent and tests must be repeated several times and qualitative tests ought to be used. If we consider those cases which are suggestive of syphilis, the percentage is much higher and would amount to almost 15 per cent of the patients. Various investigators have found various percentages. Most agree at the present time that a fair estimate would be between 7 per cent and 10 per cent. Investigations under way at the Wrentham State School approach the problem from another angle. In microscopic studies of autopsy material, several alterations were found which strongly indicated congenital syphilis. The number of cases is still too small to dwell on any speculation about the percentage of these syphilitic cases in relation to the whole population. The microscopic examination of two cases, studied on the basis of several hundred slides each, has been presented. The first case was an instance of vascular meningoencephalitis, associated with Heubner's arteritis and peri- and endarteritis gummosa. The second case was a case of the so-called Nissl-Alzheimer endarteritis- syphilitica of the small brain vessels. The sero-reactions in congenital syphilis were discussed in detail. These cases have been presented to demonstrate the difficulties which are still outstanding in establishing the diagnosis of congenital syphilis. The discussion may stimulate clinical and pathologic studies of this type of children who represent rather a considerable percentage of the population in schools for the feeble- minded and may eventually lead to a definite understanding of the role played by congenital syphilis in the production of mental deficiency.