tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of US and Canadian Perioperative Outcomes and Hospital Efficiency After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Adam Hart, Stephane G. Bergeron, Laura Epure, Olga Huk, David Zukor, John Antoniou
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

The combination of an aging population, growing number of medical interventions, and surging economic burden of health care has renewed interest in reevaluating and exploring new health care models.OBJECTIVES To compare the performance of the US and Canadian health care systems by assessing major complications following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to measure the efficiency of both health care models by comparing the postoperative length of stay.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS With patients grouped according to the country where they underwent surgery, we queried the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to identify 55 335 Canadian and US patients who underwent primary elective THA or TKA between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2012.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Differences in patient demographics, as well as the rate of 30-day major complications and length of stay, were compared between patients hospitalized in the United States and Canada.RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups.Most US patients underwent general anesthesia (THA, 61.8%; TKA, 59.4%); Canadian patients received more regional anesthesia (THA, 78.7%; TKA, 81.0%).Patients in the United States received more transfusions postoperatively (THA, 9.0% more; TKA, 6.4% more; P < .001)and had shorter hospitalizations (THA, 1.4 days less; TKA, 1.3 days less; P < .001)with a greater proportion of patients discharged to rehabilitation facilities (THA, 21.6% more; TKA, 26.6% more; P < .001).With results reported as incidence rate ratios (95% CIs), after adjusting for all other variables, risk factors, and adverse outcomes, having surgery in Canada increased the postoperative length of stay by 57% (1.57[1.53-1.61])for THA and 49% (1.49 [1.46-1.52])for TKA.With results reported as odds ratios (95% CIs), major complications were significantly more common in Canada following TKA (1.65 [1.31-2.07])but not THA (1.09 [0.79-1.51]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThe rate of major complications was significantly higher in Canada following TKA, but there was no significant difference following THA.Patients undergoing the procedures in US hospitals also had substantially shorter lengths of hospital stay, perhaps reflecting more efficient postoperative care and discharge planning in those facilities.
The Treatment of Acute Asphyxia
Authors: Cecil K. Drinker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1929)

Article1 December 1929The Treatment of Acute AsphyxiaCECIL K. DRINKERCECIL K. DRINKERSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-6-569 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe subject I have to speak about is one of which I have had an exceptional chance during the past five or six years to become familiar with, and one which in its acute aspects the medical profession usually meets after something or other has been done by laymen.Acute asphyxiations in the registration area of the United States cause about 14,000 deaths a year. The principal conditions in which acute asphyxia occurs are drowning, which makes almost 7,000 of these deaths, carbon monoxide poisoning, which makes about 6,000 more, and electric shock, which completes the total.I want to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*Presented before the Boston meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 11, 1929. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byErkrankungen aus äußeren physikalischen Ursachen. IExperimentelle Untersuchungen über die akute Kohlenoxydvergiftung und ihre Behandlung 1 December 1929Volume 3, Issue 6Page: 569-571KeywordsAsphyxiaCarbon monoxideShock ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1929 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prolonged survival and tissue trafficking following adoptive transfer of CD4ζ gene-modified autologous CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in human immunodeficiency virus–infected subjects
Authors: Ronald T. Mitsuyasu, Peter A. Anton, Steven G. Deeks, David T. Scadden, Elizabeth Connick, Matthew T. Downs, Andreas Bakker, Margo R. Roberts, Carl H. June, Sayeh Jalali, Andy A. Lin, Rukmini Pennathur-Das, Kristen M. Hege
Journal: Blood (2000)
Diagnosing and treating attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults
Authors: STEPHEN V. FARAONE, KEVIN M. ANTSHEL
Journal: World Psychiatry (2008)

Adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a valid and impairing psychiatric disorder. In this article, we review the diagnosis of ADHD in adults, focusing on symptom presentation differences between pediatric and adult ADHD as well as the importance of assessing functional impairments. Differentiating ADHD from other clinical disorders is often the most difficult part of making an ADHD diagnosis in adults. Psychiatric comorbidities are also described and discussed as potential impact factors upon not only diagnosing ADHD but also treatment of adult ADHD. Especially in those adults with psychiatric comorbidities, treatments need to be multimodal and include both pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions.
Glutathione biosynthesis in human erythrocytes
Authors: Virginia Minnich, M. B. Smith, M. J. Brauner, Philip W. Majerus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The two enzymes required for de novo glutathione synthesis, glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, have been demonstrated in hemolysates of human erythrocytes. Glutamyl cysteine synthetase requires glutamic acid, cysteine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and magnesium ions to form gamma-glutamyl cysteine. The activity of this enzyme in hemolysates from 25 normal subjects was 0.43+/-0.04 mumole glutamyl cysteine formed per g hemoglobin per min. Glutathione synthetase requires gamma-glutamyl cysteine, glycine, ATP, and magnesium ions to form glutathione. The activity of this enzyme in hemolysates from 25 normal subjects was 0.19+/-0.03 mumole glutathione formed per g hemoglobin per min. Glutathione synthetase also catalyzes an exchange reaction between glycine and glutathione, but this reaction is not significant under the conditions used for assay of hemolysates. The capacity for erythrocytes to synthesize glutathione exceeds the rate of glutathione turnover by 150-fold, indicating that there is considerable reserve capacity for glutathione synthesis. A patient with erythrocyte glutathione synthetase deficiency has been described. The inability of patients' extracts to synthesize glutathione is corrected by the addition of pure glutathione synthetase, indicating that there is no inhibitor in the patients' erythrocytes.
High expression of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone grp94 is a novel molecular hallmark of malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma
Authors: Saurabh Chhabra, Sandeep Jain, Caroline Wallace, Feng Hong, Bei Liu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy that is characterized by the proliferation of abnormal bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC) and overproduction of immunoglobulin or light chains with evidence of end-organ damage such as bone damage, anemia, hypercalcemia, and renal dysfunction. The pathogenesis of MM is closely linked to dysregulated unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Constitutive activation of UPR in mice, as demonstrated by transgenic expression of a master UPR transcription factor XBP1s (a UPR-specific splice variant of X-box binding protein 1), causes myeloma. grp94 (gp96) is a key downstream chaperone in the ER that mediates the UPR as a part of the protein quality control mechanism in the secretory pathway. Our recent study has shown that the persistence of plasma cells as well as the development of myeloma in XBP1s-transgenic mice is critically dependent on grp94. However, the role of grp94 in the initiation and progression of human MM is still unknown. The expression level of grp94 in BMPCs was measured by flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. We compared the expression levels of grp94 in BMPCs in a spectrum of patients including MM, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering MM (SMM), as well as non-plasma cell disorders (NPC). We found that grp94 was highly expressed in malignant plasma cells in patients with MM, but not in BMPCs in patients with MGUS/SMM and NPC. The expression level of grp94 correlated significantly with CD138 expression level. We also found that the grp94 expression level in BMPCs from International Staging System (ISS) stage III MM patients is higher than those in ISS stage I/II MM patients. grp94 is highly expressed in BMPCs in MM, which correlates with the advanced stage of this disease. Our data demonstrated that grp94 is a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. It also positioned grp94 as a promising therapeutic target for MM.
Abstract 696: ASS1, ANXA4 and MVP underlie acquired multicellular resistance of mesothelioma 3D cell cultures
Authors: Dario Barbone, Loes van Dam, Shu-Dong Zhang, Jithesh Puthen, Dean Fennell, V. Courtney Broaddus
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cancer cells are usually studied in flat 2D monolayers however, solid tumors, such as malignant mesothelioma, grow as 3D masses. When tumor cells are grown as 3D structures, they acquire multi-cellular resistance to apoptosis, resembling the stubborn chemoresistance seen in patients. In this study, we have identified a gene expression signature that is specific for 3D spheroids, possibly underlying multicellular resistance. By comparing this signature with the data from two sets of publicly-available gene expression datasets of patients’ specimens we have identified three genes in common, genes that may play a role in multicellular resistance: ASS1, ANXA4 and MVP. Moreover, we have studied the levels of the proteins encoded by the three genes and have begun investigating how their ablation by RNAi influences the response to chemotherapy. Furthemore, by Connectivity Analysis, we have found two safe and patent-free candidate drugs that can reduce the expression levels of the three genes and undermine the acquired chemoresistance of spheroids. Such drugs would have potential as adjuncts to chemotherapy. These studies will not only clarify the role of ASS1, ANXA4 and MVP in mesothelioma and provide therapeutic insights but also advance the use of spheroids as a more realistic model for studying tumor biology. Citation Format: Dario Barbone, Loes van Dam, Shu-Dong Zhang, Jithesh Puthen, Dean Fennell, V. Courtney Broaddus. ASS1, ANXA4 and MVP underlie acquired multicellular resistance of mesothelioma 3D cell cultures. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 696. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-696
Levels of Pain
Authors: Rene F. Cardenas
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1934: Role of CDK1 in human stem cell biology
Authors: Xiao Q. Wang, Lin Chen, Chris Norbury
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Self-renewal and pluripotency of stem cells (SC) is maintained by well-characterized transcriptional factors that assemble a core regulatory network, although less defined auto- and cross-regulatory signaling pathways are also critical. Accumulating evidence indicates that cell cycle regulators play an important role in control of pluripotency and differentiation that goes beyond their roles in cell cycle regulation. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is essential for cell cycle progression and embryonic development, and has recently been implicated in a signaling network with pluripotency proteins. In this study, we investigated the potential role of CDK1 in regulation of pluripotency and differentiation. CDK1 expression is enriched in the pluripotent state of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and down regulated during differentiation. shRNA knockdown of CDK1 or a selective CDK1 inhibitor (RO-3306) promoted hESC differentiation, shown by the reduced expression of the pluripotency markers Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2, and the up-regulation of the mesendoderm transcripts Brachyury, Eomes, Goosecoid, and MixL1. Interestingly, down-regulation of CDK1 by both shRNA and RO-3306 could not block ES cells at G2/M or other phases of the cell cycle, suggesting that relatively milder knockdown of CDK1 did not induce hESC cell cycle arrest or impair overall proliferation but was enough to promote differentiation. Knockdown of CDK1 also decreased phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 and Ser473, one of the key regulators of pluripotency signaling. Further, JNJ-770621, a dual inhibitor of CDK1/CDK2 and Aurora kinases but not Akt or Erk, induced human embryonal carcinoma cell (NCCIT) differentiation accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of Akt. Addition of UO126 and SB431542, which inhibit MEK/ERK and TGFβ/Smad2/ respectively (downstream of PI3K/Akt signaling), reversed the differentiation induced by shCDK1 or RO-3306 treatment. Moreover, phosphorylation of PDK1 (upstream of Akt) was notably reduced in CDK1 knockdown cells but not in serum-induced differentiation, indicating that the inhibition of activation of PDK1 or Akt could be the primary effect of CDK1 down-regulation. The results suggest that threshold levels of CDK1 might direct- or cross-regulate key signaling pathways, such as that operating through PI3K-PDK1-Akt. In summary, CDK1 is required for maintenance of stem cell pluripotency, in a manner that is distinct from its role in regulation of cell cycle progression, potentially through direct or indirect cross-regulation of fundamental pluripotency signaling of PI3K/PDK1/Akt-ERK-GSK3β and TGFβ/Smad. Citation Format: Xiao Qi Wang, Lin Chen, Chris Norbury. Role of CDK1 in human stem cell biology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1934. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1934
Islet cell failure in type 2 diabetes
Authors: M. Prentki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

The major focus of this Review is on the mechanisms of islet beta cell failure in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D). As this demise occurs within the context of beta cell compensation for insulin resistance, consideration is also given to the mechanisms involved in the compensation process, including mechanisms for expansion of beta cell mass and for enhanced beta cell performance. The importance of genetic, intrauterine, and environmental factors in the determination of "susceptible" islets and overall risk for T2D is reviewed. The likely mechanisms of beta cell failure are discussed within the two broad categories: those with initiation and those with progression roles.
Memoirs: With a Full Account of the Great Malaria Problem and Its Solution.
Authors: Ronald Ross
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Parasitic Worm Product ES‐62 Targets Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88–Dependent Effector Mechanisms to Suppress Antinuclear Antibody Production and Proteinuria in MRL/<i>lpr</i> Mice
Authors: David T. Rodgers, Mairi A. McGrath, Miguel A. Pineda, Lamyaa Al‐Riyami, Justyna Rzepecka, Felicity Lumb, William Harnett, Margaret M. Harnett
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective The hygiene hypothesis suggests that parasitic helminths (worms) protect against the development of autoimmune disease via a serendipitous side effect of worm‐derived immunomodulators that concomitantly promote parasite survival and limit host pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ES‐62, a phosphorylcholine‐containing glycoprotein secreted by the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae , protects against kidney damage in an MRL/ lpr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods MRL/ lpr mice progressively produce high levels of autoantibodies, and the resultant deposition of immune complexes drives kidney pathology. The effects of ES‐62 on disease progression were assessed by measurement of proteinuria, assessment of kidney histology, determination of antinuclear antibody (ANA) production and cytokine levels, and flow cytometric analysis of relevant cellular populations. Results ES‐62 restored the disrupted balance between effector and regulatory B cells in MRL/ lpr mice by inhibiting plasmablast differentiation, with a consequent reduction in ANA production and deposition of immune complexes and C3a in the kidneys. Moreover, by reducing interleukin‐22 production, ES‐62 may desensitize downstream effector mechanisms in the pathogenesis of kidney disease. Highlighting the therapeutic importance of resetting B cell responses, adoptive transfer of purified splenic B cells from ES‐62–treated MRL/ lpr mice mimicked the protection afforded by the helminth product. Mechanistically, this reflects down‐regulation of myeloid differentiation factor 88 expression by B cells and also kidney cells, resulting in inhibition of pathogenic cross‐talk among Toll‐like receptor–, C3a‐, and immune complex–mediated effector mechanisms. Conclusion This study provides the first demonstration of protection against kidney pathology by a parasitic worm–derived immunomodulator in a model of SLE and suggests therapeutic potential for drugs based on the mechanism of action of ES‐62.
Experts Address Risk of Physician Suicide
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 251: Association Between Early Arterial Blood Gas Levels and Neurological Outcome in Adult Patients Following In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Chih-Hung Wang, Chien-Hua Huang, Wei-Tien Chang, Min-Shan Tsai, Ping-Hsun Yu, An-Yi Wang, Nai-Chuan Chen, Wen-Jone Chen
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: The early partial pressures of arterial O2 (PaO2) and CO2 (PaCO2) have been found in animal studies to be correlated with neurological outcome after brain injury. Recent guidelines for the management of cardiac arrest recommend maintaining the arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation at ≥ 94% and PaCO2 at 40-45 mm Hg after successful resuscitation of patients sustaining cardiac arrest. However, there are few clinical studies that have investigated the relationship of early PaO2 and PaCO2 to the neurological outcomes of resuscitated patients or determined the optimal values for PaO2 and PaCO2. Methods and Results: This was a retrospective observational study from a single medical center of adult patients who had in-hospital cardiac arrest and achieved sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) between 2006 and 2012. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with favorable neurologic outcome at hospital discharge. A general additive model was used to detect nonlinear relationships between independent and dependent variables. The first PaO2 and PaCO2 values measured after first sustained ROSC were used for analysis. Of the 550 study patients, 154 (28%) survived to hospital discharge and 74 (13.5%) achieved favorable neurologic outcome. The mean time from sustained ROSC to the measurement of PaO2 and PaCO2 was 136.8 minutes. The mean PaO2 and PaCO2 were 167.4 mm Hg and 40.3 mm Hg, respectively. PaO2 between 70 and 240 mmHg (odds ratio [OR] 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-3.64) and PaCO2 levels (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-0.99) were positively and inversely associated with favorable neurological outcome, respectively. Conclusions: The early PaO2 and PaCO2 levels obtained after ROSC were correlated with neurological outcome of patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest. PaO2 levels between 70 and 240 mm Hg were associated with favorable neurological function at hospital discharge, while higher PaCO2 levels might be associated with adverse outcomes.