tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vascular stenting in normal and atherosclerotic rabbits. Studies of the intravascular endoprosthesis of titanium-nickel-alloy.
Authors: C S Sutton, R Tominaga, H Harasaki, H Emoto, T Oku, H E Kambic, C Skibinski, G Beck, J Hollman
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty would be more effective if the rate of recurrent stenosis were reduced. To evaluate the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, intravascular endoprosthetic stents of titanium-nickel-alloy were implanted transluminally in seven normal and 21 atherosclerotic rabbits. In normal rabbits, a 3.5-mm diameter stent was implanted in the aorta and a 2.5-mm diameter stent in the right iliac artery, which were followed with serial angiograms from 6 weeks (n = 7) to 8 months (n = 4). There was a mean stenosis of 13.1% in the 2.5-mm and 13.6% in the 3.5-mm stent. There was no significant narrowing compared with the adjacent control segments of artery; histopathology showed a thin, fibrous neointima with smooth muscle cells. Each atherosclerotic rabbit was balloon dilated at two separate stenotic sites; each site was 2.0 cm in length. The aortic site (with 28.8 +/- 13.8% mean stenosis [+/- SD]) was dilated with a 3.5-mm balloon, and the iliac site (with 36.5 +/- 14.2% stenosis) was dilated with a 2.5-mm balloon. In each site, an intravascular stent of corresponding diameter and 7-mm length was implanted in one half of the dilated segment, assigned randomly, and the other half served as the angioplasty control. Angiographically observed restenosis rates and the corresponding histopathology were similar in the atherosclerotic segments that had angioplasty alone versus the atherosclerotic segments that had angioplasty plus stenting. The mean neointimal thickness in the aortas and iliac arteries, respectively, measured 247 +/- 181 microns (+/- SD) and 218 +/- 77 microns after 6 weeks (n = 8) versus 321 +/- 168 and 308 +/- 189 microns after 20 weeks (n = 5, p = NS). At 20 weeks follow-up, there was 29.1 +/- 29.8% (median, 16.4%) stenosis in the aortic stent versus 38.9 +/- 24.1% (median, 34.0%) stenosis in the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty control segment of aorta (n = 5, p = NS) and 81.4 +/- 25.5% stenosis in the iliac artery stent versus 89.3 +/- 15.3% stenosis in the PTA control segment of the right iliac artery (n = 5, p = NS). Comparing stenotic arterial segments treated with angioplasty alone with angioplasty plus intravascular stenting in the atherosclerotic rabbits showed that there was no significant difference in either the histopathologic changes or the restenosis rates.
Diurnal Variation in Biliary Lipid Composition
Authors: Allan L. Metzger, Ronald Adler, Steven Heymsfield, Scott M. Grundy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Biliary lipid composition was determined on gallbladder bile and on hepatic bile during the diurnal cycle of feeding and fasting in American Indians with and without gallstones and in Caucasian women without gallstones. Fasting hepatic bile was consistently more lithogenic than gallbladder bile or hepatic bile obtained during feeding. Although lithogenicity was greater in Indians, even Caucasian women regularly produce more highly lithogenic bile during the fasting period, apparently because of an uncoupling of cholesterol and bile acid secretion. Although bile acids were sequestered in the gallbladder during late fasting, cholesterol secretion continued somewhat independently of bile acids, thus enhancing lithogenicity. This effect was more pronounced in Indian women, who have reduced pools of bile acids and increased cholesterol secretion. An increasing lithogenicity of hepatic bile throughout fasting might contribute to cholesterol gallstone formation if mixing in the gallbladder is incomplete so that levels of lithogenic bile become segregated.
Gastric Acid–Inhibiting Medications and Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>Deficiency
Authors: T. S. Dharmarajan, Edward P. Norkus
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 gene expression by cytokines and dexamethasone in rat hepatocyte primary cultures
Authors: Elke Roeb, Lutz Graeve, Rolf Hoffmann, Karl Decker, Dylan R. Edwards, Peter C. Heinrich
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The steady-state levels of extracellular matrix proteins are regulated by the rates of their synthesis and degradation. Metalloproteinases and their specific inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 are believed to play a crucial role in extracellular matrix protein degradation. Here we show that the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 is expressed in rat hepatocytes in primary culture and regulated by inflammatory cytokines. Rat hepatocytes constitutively express mRNA of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 at a low level. Incubation with conditioned medium from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes led to a dramatic induction of mRNA of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-11, leukemia inhibitory factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor were also capable of stimulating expression of mRNA of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1. Among these cytokines interleukin-6 was the most potent stimulator. The combination of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and interleukin-11 synergistically up-regulated mRNA of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1. The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone dose dependently inhibited constitutive and interleukin-6-induced expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1. A possible involvement of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis is discussed.
Recommendations for Management of Diabetes During Ramadan
Authors: Tarik A. Elhadd, Abdullah A. Al-Amoudi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Al-Arouj et al. (1) have made recommendations for fasting during the holy month of Ramadan for Muslim diabetic patients. The recommendations were drafted by an expert panel of diabetologists from around the globe, and it represents a landmark for practicing clinicians who look after diabetic Muslims. The recommendations were based on expert opinion rather than evidence-based scientific research, which, as the panel pointed out, is lacking in this area. These provisional recommendations await well-designed research aimed specifically at seeing whether fasting is beneficial or harmful to patients with type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetic patients are often advised not to fast by physicians. The nature of …
Tumor suppressor functions of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in the prevention of malignant mouse lymphopoiesis
Authors: S L Peters, R A Hlady, J Opavska, D Klinkebiel, S J Pirruccello, G A Talmon, J G Sharp, L Wu, R Jaenisch, M A Simpson, A R Karpf, R Opavsky
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of murine liver tumor cells promotes invasion
Authors: Wei Ding, Hanning You, Hien Dang, Francis LeBlanc, Vivian Galicia, Shelly C. Lu, Bangyan Stiles, Bart C. Rountree
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is predicted to play a critical role in metastatic disease in hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we used a novel murine model of EMT to elucidate a mechanism of tumor progression and metastasis. A total of 2 × 106 liver cells isolated from Pten loxp/loxp/ Alb-Cre + mice, expanded from a single CD133+CD45− cell clone, passage 0 (P0), were sequentially transplanted to obtain two passages of tumor cells, P1 and P2. Cells were analyzed for gene expression using microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Functional analysis included cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and orthotopic tumor metastasis assays in vivo. Although P0, P1, and P2 each formed tumors consistent with mixed liver epithelium, within the P2 cells, two distinct cell types were clearly visible: cells with epithelial morphology similar to P0 cells and cells with fibroblastoid morphology. These P2 mesenchymal cells demonstrated increased locomotion on wound healing; increased cell invasion on Matrigel basement membrane; increased EMT-associated gene expression of Snail1 , Zeb1 , and Zeb2 ; and down-regulated E-cadherin . P2 mesenchymal cells demonstrated significantly faster tumor growth in vivo compared with P2 epithelial counterparts, with invasion of intestine, pancreas, spleen, and lymph nodes. Furthermore, P2 mesenchymal cells secreted high levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which we propose acts in a paracrine fashion to drive epithelial cells to undergo EMT. In addition, a second murine liver cancer stem cell line with methionine adenosyltransferase 1a deficiency acquired EMT after sequential transplantations, indicating that EMT was not restricted to Pten-deleted tumors. Conclusion: EMT is associated with a high rate of liver tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in vivo, which is driven by HGF secreted from mesenchymal tumor cells in a feed-forward mechanism.
P728CD4+CD28 null T cells are enriched at the culprit lesion site in STE-ACS and promote NET production
Authors: T Scherz, A Mangold, T Hofbauer, C Adlbrecht, IM Lang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (STE-ACS) is among the leading causes of death. Acute coronary atherothrombosis as the underlying event is still poorly understood. We hypothesized that circulating leukocytes adhere to atherosclerotic plaques and mediate thrombotic occlusion. It has been shown that circulating CD4+CD28null T-cells, which release high levels of granzyme B and perforin, are increased in STE-ACS, especially in patients suffering from diabetes and/or recurrent cardiovascular events. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) have been shown to be a crucial component in thrombogenesis. We characterized CD4+CD28null cells at the culprit lesion site in STE-ACS patients and tested their impact on NET formation. Methods: We included 150 STE-ACS patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at the Vienna General Hospital. Culprit site blood and solid thrombus material were collected during thrombectomy. In parallel, a blood sample from the femoral arterial sheath was collected. Flow cytometry was employed to measure CD4+CD28null T cells in whole blood and solid thrombus specimens. Granzyme B and perforin levels were determined in plasma by ELISA technique. Isolated PMNs were stimulated with granzyme B and/or PMA, and NET formation was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: CD4+CD28null T cells were increased at the culprit lesion site both in coronary whole blood and the solid thrombus, compared with peripheral blood (n=106, p<0.0001, 7.79±9.68 vs. 9.92±11.44% of CD4+ cells; n=20, p<0.01, 8.14±10.08 vs. 13.6±14.12% of CD4+ cells). Perforin and granzyme B were decreased in coronary CD4+CD28null T cells and correlated inversely with granzyme B levels in culprit site plasma. Granzyme B induced netosis of PMNs in vitro. Conclusion: Granzyme B/Perforin-releasing CD4+CD28null T cells accumulate at the culprit lesion site in STE-ACS, and may directly induce netosis. Further experiments will evaluate the significance of this finding in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes.
Management of Asthma in Childhood
Authors: H. Herxheimer
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The EDITORIAL by Halpern (229:819, 1974) revives the assumption that the excessive use of isoproterenal aerosol has been the cause of increased asthma deaths in children and young people in Britain during the years 1961 through 1967, when the asthma mortality increase ran parallel to the sale of aerosol bottles. This parallelism, however, was not found in many other countries, such as the United States 1 and Australia, 2 and, therefore, most probably has been accidental or multifactorial. It has since become clear that if the abuse of β-adrenergic aerosols has led to death, this has been due to tolerance that developed when the drug was used every 30 to 60 minutes. This tolerance has been proved experimentally. 3 Every practitioner can convince himself (as I have done since 1946) that in patients not responding to an aerosol of a 1% isoproterenal solution, a strong response is
Application of Toxicogenomic Analysis to Risk Assessment of Delayed Long-Term Effects of Multiple Chemicals Including Endocrine Disruptors in Human Fetuses
Authors: C Mori
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Our previous studies analyzing umbilical cords show that human fetuses in Japan are exposed to multiple chemicals. Because of these findings, we believe it is necessary to establish a new strategy for examining the possible delayed long-term effects caused by prenatal exposure to multiple chemical combinations and evaluating the health risk to human fetuses. In this commentary we describe our attempts to apply toxicogenomic analysis of umbilical cords, using DNA microarray for future risk assessment. Because the umbilical cord is part of the fetal tissue, it is possible to estimate the effects of chemicals on the fetus by analyzing alteration of the gene expression. This type of toxicogenomic analysis could be a powerful and effective tool for developing a new risk assessment strategy to help investigators understand and possibly prevent long-term effects caused by fetal exposure to multiple chemicals. Worldwide cooperation is needed to establish a new stragegy for risk assessment using toxicogenomic analysis that focuses on the human fetus.
Acute respiratory infections are world's third leading cause of death
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Acute respiratory infections such as pneumonia, flu, and respiratory syncytial virus are responsible for 4.25 million deaths worldwide each year, new figures show.

The data from the World Lung Foundation’s first Acute Respiratory Infections Atlas show that acute respiratory infections are the third largest cause of deaths in the world (after heart disease and stroke) and the leading killer in low and middle income countries. But despite the death toll and morbidity, respiratory infection gets only a fraction of the support from governments, donor agencies, and charities that other illnesses receive, says the foundation.

Peter Baldini, the foundation’s chief executive officer, said, “We know that at …
Response criteria for essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera: result of a European LeukemiaNet consensus conference
Authors: Giovanni Barosi, Gunnar Birgegard, Guido Finazzi, Martin Griesshammer, Claire Harrison, Hans Carl Hasselbalch, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Eva Lengfelder, Mary Frances McMullin, Francesco Passamonti, John T. Reilly, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Tiziano Barbui
Journal: Blood (2009)
Constructing the Self, Constructing America: A Cultural History of Psychotherapy
Authors: Barry Liskow
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This is an ambitious book. It seeks to describe the manner in which the concept of "self" has been defined and experienced in various historical eras in America, to explain how psychotherapy contributed to this concept, and finally to criticize psychotherapy's contributions and argue that it needs to change direction. The author is not completely successful in all these endeavors, but he does succeed in producing an interesting, contentious, and clearly written book. Cushman, a historian and practicing psychologist, lays out his major themes and biases in his first two chapters, which can be summarized by the following passages: "over the last 150 years, American history has become a history of the modern ills of isolation, uncertainty and doubt"; "the current configuration of the self is the empty self... characterized by a pervasive sense of personal emptiness and... committed to the value of self liberation through consumption"; "There seems little
Gabapentin and nortriptyline combined was better than either drug alone for relief of neuropathic pain
Authors: James Hughes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Gilron I, Bailey JM, Tu D, et al. Nortriptyline and gabapentin, alone and in combination for neuropathic pain: a double-blind, randomised controlled crossover trial. Lancet. 2009;374:1252-61. 19796802
Airway epithelial CFTR mRNA expression in cystic fibrosis patients after repetitive administration of a recombinant adenovirus
Authors: Ben-Gary Harvey, Philip L. Leopold, Neil R. Hackett, Tina M. Grasso, P. Mickey Williams, Ayly L. Tucker, Robert J. Kaner, Barbara Ferris, Igor Gonda, Theresa D. Sweeney, Ramachandran Ramalingam, Imre Kovesdi, Steven Shak, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

We sought to evaluate the ability of an E1–, E3– adenovirus (Ad) vector (AdGVCFTR.10) to transfer the normal human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA to the airway epithelium of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). We administered AdGVCFTR.10 at doses of 3 × 106 to 2 × 109 plaque-forming units over 9 months by endobronchial spray to 7 pairs of individuals with CF. Each 3-month cycle, we measured vector-derived versus endogenous CFTR mRNA in airway epithelial cells prior to therapy, as well as 3 and 30 days after therapy. The data demonstrate that (a) this strategy appears to be safe; (b) after the first administration, vector-derived CFTR cDNA expression in the CF airway epithelium is dose-dependent, with greater than 5% endogenous CFTR mRNA levels at the higher vector doses; (c) expression is transient, lasting less than 30 days; (d) expression can be achieved with a second administration, but only at intermediate doses, and no expression is observed with the third administration; and (e) the progressive lack of expression with repetitive administration does not closely correlate with induction of systemic anti-Ad neutralizing antibodies. The major advantage of an Ad vector is that it can deliver sufficient levels of CFTR cDNA to the airway epithelium so that CFTR expression protects the lungs from the respiratory manifestations of CF. However, this impressive level of expression is linked to the challenging fact that expression is limited in time. Although this can be initially overcome by repetitive administration, unknown mechanisms eventually limit this strategy, and further repetitive administration does not lead to repetitive expression.
HIV and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: overlapping epidemics
Authors: Anna S. Dean, Matteo Zignol, Dennis Falzon, Haileyesus Getahun, Katherine Floyd
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

People infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV are much more likely to develop active tuberculosis (TB) than people with M. tuberculosis but without HIV [1]. Patients infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB (defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, the two most powerful anti-TB drugs) require longer, more expensive treatment regimens than drug-susceptible TB, with poorer treatment success [2], [3]. Therefore, MDR-TB poses a major challenge to the control of TB, with an estimated global disease incidence in 2012 of ∼450 000 cases (95% CI 300 000–600 000) [4]. Although HIV is a powerful risk factor for all forms of TB and institutional outbreaks of MDR-TB among people living with HIV have been reported [5], population-level data on the association between HIV infection and MDR-TB are limited.

We explored the relationship between HIV infection and MDR-TB disease using data reported by member states to the World Health Organization (WHO) within the context of the Global Project on Anti-TB Drug Resistance Surveillance. The data were aggregated numbers of cases reported from either drug resistance surveys or continuous surveillance systems. Such surveys are epidemiological studies designed to measure drug resistance among a representative sample of notified pulmonary TB patients. Continuous surveillance is based on routine drug susceptibility testing of all bacteriologically confirmed TB patients. Subnational level data that were not representative of the entire country were excluded from the analysis, except for the Russian Federation and Ukraine, which are high …
In Vivo Effects of Protease Inhibitors on Chickens with Hereditary Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Michael S. Hudecki, Catherine M. Pollina, Reid R. Heffner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Beginning on day 4 ex ovo, and every 3 d thereafter, genetically dystrophic Line 413 chickens were given intraperitoneal injections (4 mg/kg body wt) of a protease inhibitor, leupeptin, pepstatin, or antipain. Experimental chickens received protease inhibitors dissolved in a water:ethanol:dimethyl sulfoxide solution (50:40:10, vol:vol:vol). Control untreated animals received diluent injections. Untreated dystrophic chickens typically reach around day 30 ex ovo a maximum ability to right from the supine position in a standardized functional test for muscle weakness. After day 30 ex ovo, the dystrophic chickens are found to decline progressively in their ability to right, compared with normal, nondystrophic controls, which have an unimpaired ability to right. Concomitantly, dystrophic chickens exhibit characteristically high levels of plasma creatine phosphokinase enzyme activity. In addition, an increased frequency of degenerating, regenerating, and vacuolated myofibers, and inflammatory cells appear in the affected pectoralis major muscles from the dystrophic chicken. Throughout the duration of the trial, there was no major enhancement in the functional righting ability of dystrophic chickens receiving any one of the protease inhibitors tested. However, there was a significant reduction in the abnormally high levels of plasma creatine phosphokinase in the treated chickens. Also, there was an apparent reduction in the mean number of vacuolated fibers in the pectoralis muscle from the protease inhibitor-treated birds. No significant reductions were observed in the relative frequency of degenerating and regenerating myofibers or inflammatory cells. In addition to the plasma creatine phosphokinase decrease, however, therapeutic benefit was seen in 31.0, 30.5, and 14.8% increases in the wet weight (and total noncollagen protein) of pectoralis muscle from dystrophic chickens receiving leupeptin, pepstatin or antipain, respectively.