tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of sildenafil intake on the dynamics of skeletal muscle oxygenation at the onset of and recovery from exercise in CHF
Authors: Priscila Sperandio, Mayron Oliveira, Miguel Rodrigues, Erika Treptow, Dirceu Almeida, L. Eduardo Nery, J. Alberto Neder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Rationale : Nitric oxide (NO) exerts an important role in temporally and spatially match microvascular O 2  delivery (Q´O 2mv ) to utilization in the skeletal muscle.  Objective : To investigate the effects of increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability induced by sildenafil intake on muscle Q´O 2mv –to-oxygen uptake (V´O 2 ) matching at the transition to and from exercise in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).  Methods : 10 males (ejection fraction= 27 ± 6 %) underwent a supra-gas exchange threshold exercise test to the limit of tolerance 1 hour after sildenafil (50 mg) or placebo intake. The dynamics of V´O 2 , fractional O 2  extraction in the  vastus lateralis  (∼ [deoxy-Hb+Mb] by near infrared spectroscopy), and cardiac output (CO) were evaluated by non-linear regression procedures.  Results : Sildenafil increased exercise endurance compared to placebo by ∼ 20 %, an effect that was related to faster on- and off-exercise V´O 2  kinetics (p 0.05). On-exercise [deoxy-Hb+Mb] kinetics were slowed by sildenafil with a subsequent response “overshoot” being significantly lessened or even abolished. In contrast, [deoxy-Hb+Mb] recovery was faster with sildenafil (∼ 15 %). Improvements in muscle oxygenation with sildenafil were closely related to faster on-exercise V´O 2  kinetics and greater increases in exercise capacity (p Conclusions : Sildenafil intake enhanced on- and off-exercise Q´O 2mv -to- V´O 2  matching and V´O 2  kinetics with positive consequences on exercise tolerance in CHF. The lack of effect on CO suggests that improvement in blood flow to and within skeletal muscles underlies these effects.
Factors that predict length of home oxygen supplement in children with chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD)
Authors: Mohsen Alajmi, Ian Mitchell, Mareilena Dibartolo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction:CLD is the most common cause of chronic lung disease in preterm infants, requiring oxygen supplement at home. Risk factors are described, factors that contribute or prolong oxygen supplement in CLD are not known Objectives:to identify antenatal, neonatal and postnatal factors predicting duration of home oxygen Methods:A retrospective study of infants born at ≤ 32 weeks GA, requiring oxygen supplement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age, discharged on home oxygen supplement (Jan, 2003–June, 2012). Children with significant co-morbidities were excluded. Demographic, antenatal, neonatal and postnatal data were extracted from computerized databases Results:141 subjects (51.8% male) with mean duration of oxygen use 202 days (SD ± 218 days). Mean adjusted age at discontinuation of oxygen supplement 31 weeks. Duration of oxygen supplement was strongly correlated with poor weight gain (r = 0.61, P  Conclusion:Children with CLD who did not receive antenatal corticosteroids, have higher CRIB II score and/or require longer duration of inhaled corticosteroids therapy will require longer duration of home oxygen supplement.
Inhaler competence and patient satisfaction with a DPI; results of two real-life studies in asthma and COPD
Authors: Gabriella Gálffy, Györgyi Mezei, Gyula Németh, Lilla Tamasi, Veronika Müller, Olof Selroos, Marta Orosz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background.  Asthma and COPD patients included in controlled clinical trials are usually well trained in their use of the inhaler. Inability to use inhalers correctly is an important reason for poor disease control. Real-life studies are necessary for estimation of every day inhaler competence and patient satisfaction.   Aim.  To study the use of a dry powder inhaler (Easyhaler®, Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland) in real-life situations.   Material and methods.  We performed two open multicentre trials with Easyhaler in 1017 patients with asthma or COPD: A) a 3-month study in adults (age ≥18 years; n=799) with twice-daily inhalations of formoterol, and B) a 1-year study in children (3-11 years old; n=138) and adolescents (12-17 years old; n=80) with salbutamol Easyhaler used as-needed. All types of patients prescribed a long-acting (study A) or a short-acting β 2 -agonist (study B) were included. No exclusion criteria except study drug hypersensitivity were applied. Physicians assessed the patients’ ability to learn how to use the inhaler correctly. Patients filled in questionnaires and reported their experiences with the device.   Results.  Of the physicians (n=52), 87% found Easyhaler easy to teach with repeat instructions necessary in only 26 % of the cases. Nearly all patients (98%) found Easyhaler easy to learn, and were satisfied or very satisfied with the device (52% and 43%, respectively). No significant differences in patient-reported experiences were seen between age groups or between asthma and COPD patients.  C onclusion.  Easyhaler was found easy to teach by the majority of physicians. Most patients found Easyhaler easy to use and their satisfaction with the device was high.
Ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide: a new regimen with a broad spectrum of activity.
Authors: K K Fields, P E Zorsky, J W Hiemenz, L E Kronish, G J Elfenbein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

To conduct a phase I/II evaluation of the combination of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) to determine toxicity and activity in a variety of refractory malignancies.Two hundred four patients, 13 to 64 years of age, with a variety of malignancies, including refractory breast cancer and Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, were treated with two cycles of ICE, consisting of intravenous ifosfamide 2 g/m2, carboplatin 400 mg/m2, and continuous infusion etoposide 600 mg/m2 administered in divided doses over 2 days. The regimen was repeated at approximately 28-day intervals.One hundred ninety-one patients (94%) received two cycles at full doses and were assessable for response and toxicity. Complete and partial responses were seen in breast cancer (20%, n = 93), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (30%, n = 37), Hodgkin's disease (60%, n = 10), melanoma (9%, n = 11), a variety of sarcomas (20%, n = 10), and other malignancies (43%, n = 30). Myelosuppression was prominent, with significant neutropenia requiring frequent hospitalization for neutropenic fever, and thrombocytopenia and anemia requiring frequent platelet and RBC transfusions. However, the overall treatment-related mortality rate was only 3%. No other moderate to severe organ toxicity was seen at a frequency of greater than 1%.This regimen is active in a variety of refractory malignancies, with significant but tolerable hematologic toxicity. The addition of hematopoietic growth factors may allow further dose escalation.
Siglec-7 specifically recognizes Campylobacter jejuni strains associated with oculomotor weakness in Guillain–Barré syndrome and Miller Fisher syndrome
Authors: A.P. Heikema, B.C. Jacobs, D. Horst-Kreft, R. Huizinga, M.L. Kuijf, H.P. Endtz, J.N. Samsom, W.J.B. van Wamel
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Comment on Tay et al. A Very Low-Carbohydrate, Low–Saturated Fat Diet for Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care 2014;37:2909–2918
Authors: Maria Ida Maiorino, Michela Petrizzo, Giuseppe Bellastella, Dario Giugliano, Katherine Esposito
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

We read with interest the article by Tay et al. (1) that compared the effects of a very low-carbohydrate (LC) diet with those of a high–unrefined carbohydrate (HC) diet on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease risk factors in type 2 diabetes. The best result of this randomized trial was body weight reduction, which averaged 12 kg at 24 months in both groups. This result is important considering that the diets were moderately energy restricted (about 1,500 kcal/day), the patients with diabetes were overweight (few) or obese (most), and about 16% of the obese patients lost about 18 kg (beyond 1 upper standard deviation). …
Cytogenetic Basis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Judith H. Ford, Sally M. Pittman, Sardool Singh, E. Jane Wass, P. C. Vincent, F. W. Gunz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

The chromosomes of 12 adult patients with acute leukemia were analyzed by conventional means and by Giemsa and centromeric banding techniques. Acute myeloblastic leukemia was diagnosed in 7, acute myelomonocytic leukemia in 2, and acute undifferentiated leukemia in 3. Bone marrow was aspirated from patients when in relapse or remission, and both euploid and aneuploid cells were examined. All patients showed trisomy no. 9 and many showed additional numerical or structural changes in some or all their cells. These changes included monosomy no. 21 and/or monosomy no. 8. The proportion of trisomy no. 9 cells was 30-50% in patients in full remission and up to 100% in patients in relapse; thus trisomy no. 9 might be an important marker of leukemic cells. A mechanism was proposed to explain the induction and selection of the trisomy no. 9 karotype.
Predicting the Response of Breast Cancer to Neoadjuvant Therapy Using a Mechanically Coupled Reaction–Diffusion Model
Authors: Jared A. Weis, Michael I. Miga, Lori R. Arlinghaus, Xia Li, Vandana Abramson, A. Bapsi Chakravarthy, Praveen Pendyala, Thomas E. Yankeelov
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Although there are considerable data on the use of mathematical modeling to describe tumor growth and response to therapy, previous approaches are often not of the form that can be easily applied to clinical data to generate testable predictions in individual patients. Thus, there is a clear need to develop and apply clinically relevant oncologic models that are amenable to available patient data and yet retain the most salient features of response prediction. In this study we show how a biomechanical model of tumor growth can be initialized and constrained by serial patient-specific magnetic resonance imaging data, obtained at two time points early in the course of therapy (before initiation and following one cycle of therapy), to predict the response for individual patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. Using our mechanics coupled modeling approach, we are able to predict, after the first cycle of therapy, breast cancer patients that would eventually achieve a complete pathologic response and those who would not, with receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87, sensitivity of 92%, and specificity of 84%. Our approach significantly outperformed the AUCs achieved by standard (i.e., not mechanically coupled) reaction-diffusion predictive modeling (0.75), simple analysis of the tumor cellularity estimated from imaging data (0.73), and the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (0.71). Thus, we show the potential for mathematical model prediction for use as a prognostic indicator of response to therapy. The work indicates the considerable promise of image-driven biophysical modeling for predictive frameworks within therapeutic applications.
Comparison of mitomycin C trabeculectomy, glaucoma drainage device implantation, and laser neodymium: YAG cyclophotocoagulation in the management of intractable glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: Ramesh S Ayyala, Liselotte Pieroth, Antonio F Vinals, Michael H Goldstein, Joel S Schuman, Peter A Netland, Evan B Dreyer, Michael L Cooper, Cynthia Mattox, John P Frangie, Helen K Wu, David Zurakowski
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)

Purpose This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes of mitomycin C trabeculectomy glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery and laser neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) in the management of intractable glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in a retrospective study. Design Interventional case series. Participants/methods The medical charts of consecutive patients who had pre-existing glaucoma or who developed glaucoma after PKP and underwent a surgical procedure to control the glaucoma at the University Eye Associates of Boston University Medical Center, New England Eye Center, and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary between January 1991 and July 1995 were reviewed. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 4 years after the glaucoma procedure. A total of 38 patients were included consisting of 17 patients who underwent mitomycin C, 10 patients who underwent GDD surgery, and 11 patients who had CPC. Intervention Mitomycin C trabeculectomy, GDDs, or Nd:YAG CPC to control glaucoma after PKP was performed. Main outcome measures Graft status, postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual acuity were the main outcome measures. Results There were no differences among the three groups with respect to the follow-up time after the corneal graft operation (P = 0.15) or after the glaucoma operation (P = 0.98). At the final follow-up, the average decrease in the IOP was 17 mmHg (P < 0.001) after mitomycin C, 15 mmHg (P = 0.003) after GDD surgery, and 14.4 mmHg (P = 0.001) after CPC. There were no differences in the proportion of patients who developed postoperative IOP above 20 mmHg (P = 0.50) and in the proportion who developed hypotony (P = 0.10) among the three groups. Two grafts failed after mitomycin C and one failed after CPC. Among the three procedures, there were no differences in the proportion of patients who experienced either an improvement (P = 0.14) or a decrease (P = 0.22) in the visual acuity by more than one line after the glaucoma procedure. One patient each in the GDD group and the CPC group lost light perception after the procedure. The risk of graft failure was almost three times higher for each additional PKP (odds ratio = 2.80, P = 0.02). Conclusions No differences were found among the three glaucoma procedures with respect to controlling IOP and graft failure. There was a trend for patients treated with CPC to have a higher incidence of graft failure, glaucoma failure, hypotony, and visual loss by more than one line, although this was not statistically significant. The number of PKPs was associated with graft failure, independent of the surgical procedure.
All adolescents should be screened for alcohol use, US pediatricians say
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Alcohol misuse is so common among the young and so hazardous to their wellbeing that pediatricians should routinely screen every adolescent for alcohol use, the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended in a new report on binge drinking.1

The report was prepared by the academy’s Committee on Substance Abuse and was published online on 31 August in the journal Pediatrics . Lorena Siqueira, director of …
A phase I study of high-dose ifosfamide and escalating doses of carboplatin with autologous bone marrow support.
Authors: A D Elias, L J Ayash, J P Eder, C Wheeler, J Deary, L Weissman, S Schryber, M Hunt, J Critchlow, L Schnipper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

The dose-limiting toxicity in two separate phase I trials of the high-dose single agents ifosfamide and carboplatin was renal insufficiency at 18 g/m2 and hepatic and ototoxicity at 2,400 mg/m2, respectively. In this phase I study, 16 adults were treated with ifosfamide at 75% of the single-agent maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) (12 g/m2) and escalating doses of carboplatin (400 to 1,600 mg/m2) to determine the nonhematologic dose-limiting toxicity and the maximum-tolerated dose of the combination. Both drugs as well as mesna for uroprotection were given by continuous infusion over 4 days with an additional day of mesna (total dose per course, 15 g/m2). Autologous bone marrow support was stipulated for subsequent dose levels once granulocytes remained less than 500/microL for more than 14 days in two of three to five patients entered at a given dose level. Autologous bone marrow support was used at doses above the 400 mg/m2 carboplatin dose level. At the maximum-tolerated dose level of 1,600 mg/m2 of carboplatin, renal toxicity precluded further dose escalation. Of the five patients entered at this dose level, reversible creatinine elevation greater than 2 mg/dL (median peak, 2.6 mg/dL) was observed in three patients, and irreversible renal failure occurred in an additional patient (peak creatinine, 6.9 mg/dL. Transient gross hematuria appeared more common with the combination than with ifosfamide alone. Two patients developed severe somnolence and confusion associated with a rising creatinine. There were two complete (CRs) and four partial responses (PRs) in 14 heavily pretreated assessable patients (including four partial or complete responses in eight assessable patients with advanced refractory sarcoma, and one CR in two patients with germ cell carcinoma). Carboplatin and ifosfamide appear to have overlapping renal toxicity. Nevertheless, carboplatin and ifosfamide can be combined at 80% and 75% of the single-agent maximum-tolerated doses, respectively, with acceptable nonhematologic toxicity. Ifosfamide and carboplatin are an attractive core combination for further studies in the treatment of sarcoma, germ cell, ovarian, and lung carcinomas.
Oral human serum immunoglobulin for norovirus diarrhea in pulmonary transplant patients
Authors: Tristan Degot, Alexandre Leclercq, Anne Gairard-Dory, Alexandre Saula, Sandrine Hirschi, Armelle Schuller, Benjamin Renaud-Picard, Benedicte Gourieux, Romain Kessler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Viral and particularly Norovirus-induced diarrhea is generally a limited disease but becomes prolonged and severe in transplant patients. No effective therapeutic agents is currently available. Oral human serum immunoglobulin has been previously used in patients with viral diarrhea with clinical improvement.

A retrospective study in our transplantation center evaluated the management of Norovirus diarrhea in pulmonary transplant patients. Clinical, biological data and treatments of patients who developed Norovirus diarrhea between 2009 and 2012 were recorded. Indications for transplantation were emphysema and idiopathic fibrosis.

The prevalence of Norovirus diarrhea was 4.3% (6/140) with 6 patients who developed 8 gastroenteritis. Diarrhea occurred between 18th month and 4th years after transplantation. Norovirus ELISA-test was positive in stools but needed sometimes repeated analysis (up to 5 times). 1 patient developed a co infection with Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Diarrhea frequency was 5 to 10 per day and duration was at least 1 week. 4 patients developed acute renal insufficiency and 2 patients experienced hyperkaliemia induced by deshydration. Diarrhea symptoms were not modified by reduction of immunosuppression. Oral human serum immunoglobulin was administered at 25 mg/kg every 6 or 8 hour for 2 days. Diarrhea resolved 2 to 3 days after treatment initiation. No side effects were reported. Late onset of viral enteritis did not seem to be related to the level of immunosuppression.

This study is the first description of Norovirus enteritis in pulmonary transplantation. The fast resolution of the diarrhea after oral human serum immunoglobulin was similar to results described in case reports.
Disappearance of hypoglycemic attacks after resection of solitary fibrous tumors with high expression of insulin-like growth factor II
Authors: Hiroyoshi Watanabe, Keiichi Akasaka, Ryouta Fukai, Tomoko Terasawa, Naoto Fueki, Kazunori Fukuda, Takayuki Haga, Yoshinori Kawabata, Yoshihiko Ueda, Hironori Sagara
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Hypoglycemia rarely accompanies solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) of the pleura, occurring in only about 4% of patients. We describe our experience with 2 patients whose hypoglycemic attacks disappeared after the resection of SFT.  Patient 1: The patient was an 81-year-old woman. Computed tomography of the chest showed a mass compressing the entire right lower lobe. SFT was diagnosed on histopathological examination of a percutaneous needle biopsy specimen. Subsequently, tumor resection was performed, and the hypoglycemia disappeared. Histopathologically, the tumor was associated with abundant proliferations of markedly hyalinized collagen fibers. The tumor contained small bundles of round cells or spindle cells with mild atypia, proliferating in an irregular, intermingled fashion. On immunohistochemical staining, the tumor cells were positive for CD34. Patient 2: The patient was a 77-year-old man with dyspnea on exertion. Preoperative computed tomography showed a well-demarcated, giant mass compressing the right middle lobe. Therefore, the mass was resected, and the hypoglycemia disappeared. Histopathological examination revealed proliferations of collagen fibers containing spindle cells with low-grade atypia, proliferating in an irregular storiform fashion with positive for CD34.  In both case, serum insulin level valued remarkably lower than 0.2μU/ml and the immunohistochemical staining of Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF- II) were positive.  Tumor resection was suggested to be an effective treatment for hypoglycemic attacks in patients with SFT. IGF- II may provide negative feedback with respect to insulin secretion.
Farm exposures are associated with lower percentage of circulating myeloid dendritic cell subtype 2 at age 6
Authors: M.‐V. Martikainen, H. Kääriö, A. Karvonen, P. C. Schröder, H. Renz, V. Kaulek, J.‐C. Dalphin, E. von Mutius, B. Schaub, J. Pekkanen, M.‐R. Hirvonen, M. Roponen
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Abstract Background Early life farm exposures have been shown to decrease the risk of allergic diseases. Dendritic cells ( DC s) may mediate asthma‐protective effect of farm exposures as they play an important role in the development of immunity and tolerance. Our aim was to investigate whether the numbers and phenotypes of circulating DC s at age 6 are associated with farming, asthma, and atopy in a selected sample of French and Finnish children from the PASTURE study. Methods We studied 82 farm and 86 nonfarm children with and without asthma. Using flow cytometry, BDCA 1+ CD 11c+ myeloid DC 1s ( mDC 1), BDCA 3+ high mDC 2s and BDCA 2+ plasmacytoid DC s ( pDC s) were identified and expressions of CD 86, immunoglobulin‐like transcript 3 ( ILT 3) and ILT 4 were analyzed. Questionnaires were used to assess prenatal and lifetime patterns of farm exposures and to define asthma. Atopic sensitization was defined by specific IgE measurements. Results The percentage of mDC 2 cells was lower in farm children (0.033 ± 0.001) than in nonfarm children (0.042 ± 0.001; P = 0.008). Similar associations were found between mDC 2 percentage and prenatal ( P = 0.02) and lifetime exposure to farm milk ( P = 0.03) and stables ( P = 0.003), but these associations were not independent from farming. Asthma was positively associated with ILT 4 + mDC s ( P = 0.04) and negatively with CD 86 + pDC s ( P = 0.048) but only in nonfarm children. Conclusions Inverse association between farm exposure and mDC 2 percentage suggest that this DC subset may play a role in farm‐related immunoregulation.