tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Consensus Development from the 5th Asia-Pacific Primary Liver Cancer Expert Meeting (APPLE 2014)
Authors: Chiun Hsu, Bang-Bin Chen, Chien-Hung Chen, Ming-Chih Ho, Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng, Norihiro Kokudo, Takamichi Murakami, Winnie Yeo, Jinsil Seong, Ji-Dong Jia, Kwan-Hyub Han, Ann-Lii Cheng
Journal: Liver Cancer (2015)

A key mission of the Asia-Pacific Primary Liver Cancer Expert (APPLE) Association is to ensure a coherent view for management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to advance new treatment for this difficult disease. At the 5th APPLE meeting, held in July 2014 in Taipei, Taiwan, an APPLE consensus development program was established to facilitate discussion among experts in the Asia-Pacific region on pertinent issues for HCC management, including (1) surgery for intermediate/advanced-stage disease, (2) prevention of HCC recurrence after curative treatment, (3) optimizing imaging diagnosis, (4) radiotherapy: current practice and future clinical trials, and (5) the role of cytotoxic chemotherapy. A pre-congress questionnaire was undertaken with the consensus development committee members to help understand the current practice patterns for HCC in the Asia-Pacific region and to identify issues relating to optimal patient care and further clinical trials for which consensus needs to be developed. In this report, the results of the questionnaire are presented, and the pertinent issues identified by each consensus group for further discussion and consensus development are summarized.
Prevalence and comorbidities of bronchial asthma in Germany – A population based study of 185.999 patient cases in Saarland
Authors: Sebastian Heck, Sarah Al-Shobash, Daniel Rapp, Duc-Dung Le, Monika Flaig, Wolfgang Herian, Robert Bals, Stefan Wagenpfeil, Quoc Thai Dinh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective   The prevalence of asthma, which has become a widespread disease, increases steadily. Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation, airway hyperreagibility and obstruction. Since there is only little information about its prevalence and comorbidities, the aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of asthma and its main comorbidities in the population of the German federal state Saarland.   Material & Methods   Data of 185.999 physicians9 consultations in Saarland in 2009 was analyzed regarding percentual amounts of asthma diagnoses and comorbidities. Data was categorized after gender and age group (group 1: 0–17y; group 2: 18–60y; group 3: >61y).   Results   Asthmatics living in Saarland represent 5.3% of the overall population. The percentual amount of allergic asthma is 34% ([female]: 57%, [male]: 43%). The gender- and age-dependent amounts of allergic asthma: group 1: [female] 7.9%, [male] 12.5%; group 2: [female] 37.9%, [male] 24.4%; group 3: [female] 11.1%, [male] 6.2%.  There are numerous comorbidities in the context of asthma. Their percentual amounts: allergic rhinitis 37.2%; unspecified allergic reactions 13.1%; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 10.4%; atopic dermatitis 8%; gastro-oesophageal reflux 6.6%; sinusitis 5.9%; allergic conjunctivitis 3.3%; rhinopharyngitis 3.3%; drug side effects 1.6%; food allergy 1.1%.  The distribution of the comorbidities is gender-specific. Women are mostly more often affected.   Conclusion   The prevalence of allergic asthma, which is mostly attended by comorbidities, is 5.3% in Saarland. Women are mostly more affected. We suggest the implication of comorbidities when diagnosing asthma and elaborating a therapy.
Etiology of Motor-Vehicle Accidents, with Special Reference to the Mechanisms of Injury, Joseph E. Murray, M.D., Presiding
Authors: John R. Brooks, Ross A. McFarland, G. Anthony Ryan, Reed Dingman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

DURING 1968 more than 100,000 persons will be killed in automobile accidents in the industrialized areas of the world, and at least half the fatalities will occur in the United States. Death rates, on a population basis, have shown no improvement in this country in the past 25 years (Fig. 1), and they have been increasing since 1960. They have also been rising in many other countries. The number of injuries is approaching 2,000,000 each year, and about 160,000 are permanent impairments of some degree. Considering both injuries and fatalities, one can estimate that 10 per cent of the population . . .
Lung function testing in children with airway disease: Does their performance deviate from healthy LUNOKID children?
Authors: Anke Hüls, Ursula Krämer, Antje Schuster, Matthias Wisbauer, Monika Gappa, Christine Müller-Brandes, Gabriele Seitner-Sorge, Andrea von Berg, Barbara Hoffmann, Dietrich Berdel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

In the LUNOKID study (lung function normal values for kids in Germany) lung function was measured in 4- to 18-year-old subjects (n=5104). Spirometric reference values were developed after exclusion of children with airway disease. In the present data analysis, we investigate differences between children with airway disease and healthy children, with respect to 1) fulfilment of ATS/ERS quality criteria, and 2) results regarding lung function values.

In the study population, there were 417 children with asthma (195 without current medication), 734 with upper respiratory tract infection on the day of investigation (URTI), 180 with lower respiratory tract infection (LTRI) within 6 weeks prior to testing, 629 with a history of wheezy bronchitis (WB), and 3133 subjects were healthy with respect to airway disease.

A total of 3205 children fulfilled ATS/ERS quality criteria. Compared to healthy children, less children with URTI delivered visually acceptable manoeuvres (72% and 62%, resp., p<0.01), whereas asthmatics performed better (80%, p<0.01). No other statistically significant differences were observed.

Upon analysis of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC in the acceptable manoeuvres, only asthma was associated with a physiologically relevant lower lung function (mean LUNOKID based z-score < -0.50) compared to healthy children: Mean z-score for FEV1/FVC was -0.53 with asthma medication, -0.67 without. In the other disease groups, there were no relevant differences from the healthy LUNOKID population. We suggest that neither current URTI nor LRTI within 6 weeks nor a history of WB are reasons to exclude subjects from analysis when developing reference values for FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC.
ABDOMINAL PAIN: ITS SIGNIFICANCE AND DIAGNOSTIC VALUE
Authors: Thomas R. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1934)

Article1 September 1934ABDOMINAL PAIN: ITS SIGNIFICANCE AND DIAGNOSTIC VALUETHOMAS R. BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P.THOMAS R. BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-8-3-343 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe diagnosis of intra-abdominal pathology is extremely difficult. We have no method for exact diagnosis such as the electrocardiogram for the cardiac lesion, the blood in primary anemias, the urine and functional studies in the nephritides and the sputum in pulmonary tuberculosis. We are helped a little in making such diagnoses by the study of gastric and duodenal contents, more by study of the stool, much more by fluoroscopy and radiography of the digestive tract. The physical examination of the abdomen is of course essential; often, however, in its interpretation puzzling and indefinite. Therefore, in many cases, in making a... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Maryland*Read at the Chicago meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 20, 1934. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAbdominal pain in pneumonia 1 September 1934Volume 8, Issue 3Page: 343-349KeywordsAbdominal painAnemiaBloodDiagnostic radiologyElectrocardiographyGastrointestinal tractLesionsNephritisSputumUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1934 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 12916: Lysosomal Dnase II Digests Mitochondrial DNA Through Lysosome/Autophagy System to Maintain Cardiac Function in Pressured-Overloaded Hearts
Authors: Takafumi Oka, Shungo Hikoso, Osamu Yamaguchi, Toshihiro Takeda, Kazuhiko Nishida, Kohki Kawane, Issei Komuro, Shigekazu Nagata, Kinya Otsu
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Backgrounds: Nuclear DNA in apoptotic cell is digested by lysosomal deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) in macrophages. Improper DNA digestion leads to inflammation and can be a cause of autoimmune dis...
Definitions of Medical Injuries
Authors: James B Carr
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pneumococcal vaccination policy in Europe
Authors: R G Pebody, T Leino, H Nohynek, W Hellenbrand, S Salmaso, P Ruutu
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

Infection due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) (Pnc) is an important cause of invasive clinical manifestations such as meningitis, septicaemia and pneumonia, particularly in young children and the elderly. A 23-valent polysaccharide Pnc vaccine (PPV) has been available for many years and a 7-valent conjugate Pnc vaccine (PCV) has been licensed since 2001 in Europe. As part of a European Union (EU) funded project on pneumococcal disease (Pnc-EURO), a questionnaire was distributed to all 15 EU member states, Switzerland, Norway and the 10 accession countries in 2003 to ascertain current pneumococcal vaccination policy. Twenty three of the 27 target countries, constituting the current European Union (plus Norway and Switzerland), completed the questionnaire. PPV was licensed in 22 of the 23 responding countries and was in the official recommendations of 21. In all the 20/21 countries for which information was available, risk groups at higher risk of infection were targeted. The number of risk groups targeted ranged from one to 12. At least 17 countries recommend that PPV be administered to all those &amp;gt;65 years of age (in three countries, to those over 60 years of age). Thirteen countries had developed national recommendations for PCV in 2003. No country recommended mass infant immunisation at that time, but rather targeted specific risk groups (between 1 and 11), particularly children with asplenia (n=13) and HIV infection (n=12). PCV use was restricted to children under two years of age in seven countries, and in four countries to children under five years of age. Future decisions on use of pneumococcal vaccines in Europe will be decided on the basis of several factors including: local disease burden; the predicted impact of any universal programme, particularly the importance of serotype replacement and herd immunity (indirect protection to the unvaccinated population); the effectiveness of reduced dose schedules, and vaccine cost. Indeed, at least one country, Luxembourg, has since implemented a universal infant PCV immunisation policy.
Differences in F36VMpl-Based in Vivo Selection among Large Animal Models
Authors: Robert E. Richard, R. Angelo De Claro, James Yan, Sylvia Chien, Horst von Recum, Julia Morris, Hans-Peter Kiem, David C. Dalgarno, Shelly Heimfeld, Tim Clackson, Robert Andrews, C. Anthony Blau
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Animal models are indispensable tools for understanding physiological and pathological processes, as well as for developing new therapies. Ultimately, the results of animal experimentation must provide information that can guide the development of therapeutic approaches in humans. Significant differences have been reported comparing a gene therapy approach between different animal models. However, little information exists describing differences among the available large animal models. Here we evaluated, in the hemopoietic cells of baboons, a system of selection that has previously demonstrated activity in mice, in dogs, and in human cells ex vivo. This system employs a derivative of the murine thrombopoietin receptor (F36Vmpl), which is conditionally activated in the presence of a small-molecule drug called a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID). Whereas cultured mouse, human, and, to a lesser extent, dog hemopoietic cells all proliferate in response to the F36Vmpl signal, we observed only a minor and variable response to the F36Vmpl signal in the cultured cells of baboons. Similarly, we have noted significant rises in the frequency of transduced hemopoietic cells in mice and in dogs upon CID administration in vivo; however, here we show that responses to CID administration in three baboons were modest and variable. These findings have general implications for the evaluation and development of new strategies for gene therapy.
450. Anti-CD22 Immunolipoplexes Enhance Transduction of Adenovirus in B Lymphoma Cells Independent on Adenovirus' Receptor but Do Not Enhance the Cytotoxicity of Oncolytic Adenovirus
Authors: Yaohe, H. Pen, Jennelle, Shao-an, Beverly E. Grriffin, Nick R. Lemoine
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Adenovirus vectors have several features that make them attractive for potential use in gene therapy, and attention has focused particularly on replication-competent adenoviruses for cancer applications. These have been evaluated extensively in epithelial tumours but only recently in lymphoid malignancies, mainly due to the known resistance of the lymphoid lineage to adenovirus infection. However, we and other groups have shown that this resistance is not absolute and that adenovirus can infect primary chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and B-cell lymphoma lines, and that infection with replication-competent human adenovirus results in cytotoxicity that varies among different patients and different lymphoma cell lines. We found that the cytotoxicity of Adenovirus to Burkitt's lymphoma cells correlates with the infectability of these cells to adenovirus, which depends on the expression of adenovirus receptors such as CAR and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. In a panel of lymphoma cell lines including Jiyoye, Raji, Daudi/ICRF, Daudi/100k, P3HR1, BL-74 and CA-46, only Jiyoye and Raji showed a significant cytotoxicity and Adenovirus receptor expression. Most of these cell lines show a very low or no cytotoxicity to replication-competent adenovirus due to low expression of adenovirus receptors. Most lymphoma cells exhibit high expression of CD22, a membrane protein that is endocytosed when anti-CD22 antibody binds the protein. Based on these observations, an adenovirus-retargeting system was developed for CD22-mediated cell entry: adenovirus-containing immunolipoplexes formed with monoclonal anti-CD22 antibody were tested for enhanced transduction of adenovirus receptor-negative lymphoma cell lines (BL-74 and CA-46). The results demonstrate that the method increased adenovirus transduction by 95.4% (anti-CD22-immunolipoplexes vs naked adenovirus) and 62.3% (anti-CD22-immunolipoplexes vs lipid-adenovirus complex) in CA-46 cells, and 38.2% (anti-CD22-immunolipoplexes vs naked adenovirus) and 27.1% (anti-CD22-immunolipoplexes vs lipid-adenovirus complex) in BL-74 cells, respectively. However, the method did not increase the cytotoxicity of replication-competent adenovirus to these cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that anti-CD22 immunolipoplexes represent an efficient strategy to enhance adenovirus transduction independent of adenovirus receptor status. This protocol may have an impact on cancer therapy for lymphomas.
Watchful Waiting–Active Surveillance in Low-Risk Prostate Cancer—Reply
Authors: Stephen B. Williams, Karim Chamie, Jim C. Hu
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Development of hepatitis C virus genotype 3a cell culture system
Authors: Sulyi Kim, Tomoko Date, Hiroshi Yokokawa, Tamaki Kono, Hideki Aizaki, Patrick Maurel, Claire Gondeau, Takaji Wakita
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3a infection poses a serious health problem worldwide. A significant association has been reported between HCV genotype 3a infections and hepatic steatosis. Nevertheless, virological characterization of genotype 3a HCV is delayed due to the lack of appropriate virus cell culture systems. In the present study, we established the first infectious genotype 3a HCV system by introducing adaptive mutations into the S310 strain. HCV core proteins had different locations in JFH-1 and S310 virus-infected cells. Furthermore, the lipid content in S310 virus-infected cells was higher than Huh7.5.1 cells and JFH-1 virus-infected cells as determined by the lipid droplet staining area. Conclusion: This genotype 3a infectious cell culture system may be a useful experimental model for studying genotype 3a viral life cycles, molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, and genotype 3a-specific antiviral drug development. (Hepatology 2014;60:1837–1849)
Science, medicine, and the future: Pathogenesis of sepsis: new concepts and implications for future treatment
Authors: P.-Y. Bochud
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Severe sepsis and septic shock are important causes of death in intensive care units. Although our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammation and sepsis has improved, until recently this has not translated into clinical benefit. Several new treatment approaches have given encouraging results. Evidence suggests that the way forward is to develop pathogen specific regimens rather than assume that one treatment fits all.

#### Summary points

Bacterial cell walls, endotoxins, and exotoxins are powerful activators of innate and acquired immune responses

Molecules expressed by pathogens interact with Toll-like receptors on immune cells, activating the immune response

Cytokines are important in the pathogenesis of sepsis

Susceptibility to sepsis may be due to inherited or acquired mutations of innate immune genes

Severe sepsis and septic shock are clinical manifestations of a dysregulated immune response to invasive pathogens

Adjunctive therapy with low dose steroids, activated protein C or early supportive care can reduce mortality from severe sepsis and septic shock

Pathogen recognition receptors (such as Toll-like receptors) and mediators of sepsis (such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor) might be novel targets for treatment

We selected articles for this review by searching Medline using the keywords sepsis, therapy, and Toll-like receptors. We concentrated on publications on the pathogenesis of sepsis and treatment of septic shock. As the number of references that could be cited was limited, we have often referenced review articles rather than original publications.

Severe sepsis and septic shock are life threatening complications of infections and the most common cause of death in intensive care units. However, a lack of widely accepted definitions of these complications has made it difficult to obtain accurate estimates of their frequency. A study published by the Centers for Disease Control in the United States indicated that the incidence of septicaemia had increased from 73.6 per 100 000 patients in …
Targeted Treatment of Active Trachoma
Authors: David Mabey, Robin Bailey, Anthony Solomon, Matthew Burton, Clare Gilbert, Allen Foster, Thomas Lietman, Sheila West
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal