tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Corticotrophin and Corticoids on Secretion from Denervated Gastric Pouches in Dogs
Authors: S. D. Clarke, D. W. Neill, R. B. Welbourn
Journal: Gut (1960)

The effects of corticotrophin and of cortisone, methyl prednisolone, and of aldosterone on the gastric secretion of dogs have been investigated. Juice was collected from dogs with denervated pouches under basal conditions and when stimulated with meat extract and with histamine. For each secretion the volume, viscosity, and <i>p</i>H were measured, and the concentrations of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, sodium, potassium, and chloride estimated. In the pharmacological doses used all the substances produced similar effects. Volume and acidity of the secretion were increased and there was a decrease in the viscosity of the basal secretion. The concentration of pepsin and of sodium and potassium were decreased while the chloride concentration was unaffected. Cortisone (the only steroid tested in this respect) increased the maximal secretory response to histamine. Three to five days elapsed before any change took place in the secretion. The effects observed were independent of the glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid activity of the particular hormone used and were probably due in some measure to a 50% increase in parietal cell population, associated with a 36% decrease in peptic cell population, which was demonstrated histologically.
Evaluation of VCH-759 monotherapy in hepatitis C infection
Authors: Curtis Cooper, Eric J. Lawitz, Peter Ghali, Maribel Rodriguez-Torres, Frank H. Anderson, Samuel S. Lee, Jean Bédard, Nathalie Chauret, Roch Thibert, Isabel Boivin, Olivier Nicolas, Louise Proulx
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Effect of morphine on the human oesophagus.
Authors: S N Sullivan
Journal: Gut (1986)

correction should be applied in x2 tests.Although some authors advocate the use of this continuity correction others, for example Grizzle,3 Conover4 and Camilli and Hopkins5 have argued against it, especially in the case of random marginal totals which Lam obtained in his study.Boyd and Marks further state that it would be preferable to use Fisher's test for sample sizes up to 60, irrespective of the values of the individual cells.They compute the one tailed probability correctly as p=0.0286 but then, after arguing that a two tailed test should be carried out, simply double the one tailed probability to obtain the two tailed p value of 0-057 (which would indicate a statistically non- significant difference).The procedure of doubling the one tailed probability, however, is appropriate only in cases of equal sample sizes.As in Lam's results these were 12 and 13 respectively, a different method of obtaining the two tailed probability should be used, namely the summation of all probabilities, under the marginal totals, which are equal to or less than the probability of the observed configuration of frequencies.This method reveals one tailed probabilities of 0-0286 and 00127 respec- tively, which produce a two tailed value of p=0.041, statistically significant at conventional levels.In this context it may be useful to realise that the choice of significance levels, in this case ox=0*05, is quite arbitrary.In practice one should further consider probabilities just below and just above the level of statistical significance as equivalent in result and avoid raising the 'magic' limit of 0*05 to the boundary between true and false.
The First Miracle Drugs: How the Sulfa Drugs Transformed Medicine
Authors: William A. Petri
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rule-governed and contingency-governed fears
Authors: Edmund Fantino, Jay Goldshmidt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Behavioral research suggests that rule-governed behavior should be less sensitive to environmental changes and thus more resistant to extinction (disconfirmation) than contingency-governed behavior. The opposite is implied in Davey's discussion of ontogenetic and phylogenetic contributions to fear development. The generality of the behavioral findings and their apparent inconsistency with the present article should be further explored with more sensitive research paradigms.
Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Donald Venes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Letters17 March 2015Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus InfectionDonald Venes, MDDonald Venes, MDFrom Pelican Bay State Prison, Crescent City, California.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L15-5064 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Kottilil and colleagues (1) state, “For the first time since the identification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) … communitywide eradication of HCV infection seems possible.” However, direct-acting antivirals have never been shown to prevent cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Even if these agents effectively prevented these crucial complications of chronic HCV infection, the prevalence of cirrhosis and liver cancer is already increasing and is likely to do so continuously for decades. Internists may assume some responsibility for antiviral administration and monitoring adverse effects of drugs, but the potentially lethal complications of chronic HCV infection will likely need specialty ...Reference1. Kottilil S, Wright M, Polis MA, Masur H. Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection: is it time for the internist to take the reins? Ann Intern Med. 2014;161:443-4. [PMID: 25222390] doi:10.7326/M14-0741 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Pelican Bay State Prison, Crescent City, California.Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOf InterestForms.do?msNum=L14-0550. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTreatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Is It Time for the Internist to Take the Reins? Shyam Kottilil , Mary Wright , Michael A. Polis , and Henry Masur Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Is It Time for the Internist to Take the Reins? Shyam Kottilil , Mary Wright , Michael A. Polis , and Henry Masur Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Neeral L. Shah , Virginia Kelly , and Stephen H. Caldwell Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Michael P. Carson Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Shyam Kottilil , Mary Wright , Michael A. Polis , and Henry Masur Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Michael P. Carson Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Shyam Kottilil , Mary Wright , Michael A. Polis , and Henry Masur Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Neeral L. Shah , Virginia Kelly , and Stephen H. Caldwell Metrics 17 March 2015Volume 162, Issue 6Page: 458KeywordsAntiviralsCirrhosisDisclosureDrug administrationDrugsHepatitis C virusHepatocellular carcinomaInfectious hepatitisLiverTherapeutic drug monitoring ePublished: 17 March 2015 Issue Published: 17 March 2015 CopyrightCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
EPILEPSY AND ENURESIS
Authors: ALVIN F. POUSSAINT, RICHARD GREENFIELD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

In a survey of the bedwetting history of 118 adult clinic patients with idiopathic epilepsy it was found that 20 (17%) were enuretic past the age of 3, which is similar to the incidence of enuresis in the general population between the ages of 3 to 15. The weight of scientific evidence does not support the belief of a similar etiology for the two disorders.
Doctor wins battle against GMC's decision to strike him off
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Privy Council has overturned an “unduly harsh and disproportionate” decision by the UK's General Medical Council to strike off a doctor who inflated NHS fee claims.

Lord Hope, Sir Anthony Evans, and Sir Philip Otton instead imposed a three month suspension on Khan Mohammad Manzur, whose name was ordered to be erased from the medical register last May.

Sir Philip, delivering the judgment of the Privy Council (a panel of senior judges who hear appeals from GMC rulings) described its power to set aside disciplinary orders as “rarely exercised.” However, although the power was …
Excess congenital non-synonymous variation in leukemia-associated genes in MLL− infant leukemia: a Children’s Oncology Group report
Authors: M C Valentine, A M Linabery, S Chasnoff, A E O Hughes, C Mallaney, N Sanchez, J Giacalone, N A Heerema, J M Hilden, L G Spector, J A Ross, T E Druley
Journal: Leukemia (2013)

Infant leukemia (IL) is a rare sporadic cancer with a grim prognosis. Although most cases are accompanied by MLL rearrangements and harbor very few somatic mutations, less is known about the genetics of the cases without MLL translocations. We performed the largest exome-sequencing study to date on matched non-cancer DNA from pairs of mothers and IL patients to characterize congenital variation that may contribute to early leukemogenesis. Using the COSMIC database to define acute leukemia-associated candidate genes, we find a significant enrichment of rare, potentially functional congenital variation in IL patients compared with randomly selected genes within the same patients and unaffected pediatric controls. IL acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients had more overall variation than IL acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients, but less of that variation was inherited from mothers. Of our candidate genes, we found that MLL3 was a compound heterozygote in every infant who developed AML and 50% of infants who developed ALL. These data suggest a model by which known genetic mechanisms for leukemogenesis could be disrupted without an abundance of somatic mutation or chromosomal rearrangements. This model would be consistent with existing models for the establishment of leukemia clones in utero and the high rate of IL concordance in monozygotic twins.
Auditing incidents of exposure to blood
Authors: A. Cockcroft, J. Zuckerman, Y. Odegbami
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> This paper presents a new conceptual and computational dynamics framework for damage detection and regeneration in multicellular structures similar to living animals. The model uniquely achieves complete and accurate regeneration from any damage anywhere in the system. We demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed framework on an artificial organism consisting of three tissue structures corresponding to the head, body and tail of a worm. Each structure consists of a stem cell surrounded by a tissue of differentiated cells. We represent a tissue as an Auto-Associative Neural Network (AANN) with local interactions and stem cells as a self-repair network with long-range interactions. We also propose another new concept, Information Field which is a mathematical abstraction over traditional components of tissues, to keep minimum pattern information of the tissue structures to be accessed by stem cells in extreme cases of damage. Through entropy, a measure of communication between a stem cell and differentiated cells, stem cells monitor the tissue pattern integrity, violation of which triggers damage detection and tissue repair. Stem cell network monitors its state and invokes stem cell repair in the case of stem cell damage. The model accomplishes regeneration at two levels: In the first level, damaged tissues with intact stem cells regenerate themselves. Here, stem cell identifies entropy change and finds the damage and regenerates the tissue in collaboration with the AANN. In the second level, involving missing whole tissues and stem cells, the remaining stem cell(s) access the information field to restore the stem cell network and regenerate missing tissues. In the case of partial tissue damage with missing stem cells, the two levels collaborate to accurately restore the stem cell network and tissues. This comprehensive hypothetical framework offers a new way to conceptualise regeneration for better understanding the regeneration processes in living systems. It could also be useful in biology for regenerative medicine and in engineering for building self-repairing biobots.
Spiralian Phylogenomics Supports the Resurrection of Bryozoa Comprising Ectoprocta and Entoprocta
Authors: B. Hausdorf, M. Helmkampf, A. Meyer, A. Witek, H. Herlyn, I. Bruchhaus, T. Hankeln, T. H. Struck, B. Lieb
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Phylogenetic analyses based on 79 ribosomal proteins of 38 metazoans, partly derived from 6 new expressed sequence tag projects for Ectoprocta, Entoprocta, Sipuncula, Annelida, and Acanthocephala, indicate the monophyly of Bryozoa comprising Ectoprocta and Entoprocta, 2 taxa that have been separated for more than a century based on seemingly profound morphological differences. Our results also show that bryozoans are more closely related to Neotrochozoa, including molluscs and annelids, than to Syndermata, the latter comprising Rotifera and Acanthocephala. Furthermore, we find evidence for the position of Sipuncula within Annelida. These findings suggest that classical developmental and morphological key characters such as cleavage pattern, coelomic cavities, gut architecture, and body segmentation are subject to greater evolutionary plasticity than traditionally assumed.
Leg Ulcer
Authors: Akio Kitahama
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In a specific indigent socioeconomic setting, the nonsurgical management of 65 patients with chronic leg ulcers resulted in 59 cures. There were 42 patients (67%) with postphlebitic syndrome. Twenty-two patients (33%) had varicose veins (eight had postoperative vein stripping), 14 (22%) had deep-vein thrombosis, and 11 (15%) had associated neurological problems. Fifty-six patients (86%) were treated with pressure dressings that were changed once a week in an outpatient clinic, seven patients wore skintight plaster casts for variable periods of time, and two patients had splitthickness skin grafts plus lumbar sympathectomies. In more than two thirds of the patients, the ulcers healed. In another 17 patients (26%), a satisfactory response to treatment was observed. In only six patients did therapy fail. Failures were attributed to the multiple medical and surgical problems of the patients or their lack of cooperation. Nonsurgical treatment of venous stasis ulcer is inexpensive and effective. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:197-199)
4-hydroxy-2,3-alkenals impair tyrosine phosphorylation and downstream signaling of the PDGF-β receptor in human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: G. Robino, M. Parola, F. Marra, A. Caligiuri, R.M.S. De Franco, E. Zamara, G. Bellomo, P. Gentilini, M. Pinzani, M.U. Dianzani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Malaria and Pregnancy
Authors: F. H. Edmonds
Journal: BMJ (1899)

MALARTA AND PREGNANCY.[ Lt 1023o three varieties of pemphigus corntigiosus.I cannot agree with Dr. Sichel in attributing pemphigus contagiosus to "excessive sweating," and I consider the term "sudoral der-matitis" as quite inappropriate when applied to this disease.This disease is extremely infecticus, and I have seen a bulla on the forefinger of a mother eight hours after its appearance on the arm of her child.Possibly, however, the vesicular eruptions asso- ciated with lichen tropicus may have some such origin.
Textbook of Diagnostic Medicine
Authors: John J. Massarelli
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This estimable book is really a problem-oriented textbook of internal medicine without any considerations of therapy. Two mental processes are involved in diagnosis: pattern recognition, or the identification of a specific disease, and pathophysiological analysis, or the evaluation of illness. Both of these presuppose a fundamental body of relevant information. This book helps to supply that information. The editor points out that new imaging and laboratory techniques have improved the physician's diagnostic capability but paradoxically have contributed to a decline in history-taking and physical examination skills. He attempts to correct this situation by stressing the proper importance of data collected at the beside or in the physician's office. The first chapter is on the principles of clinical diagnosis, and the second is an excellent treatment of the selection and interpretation of laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures. Then follow 20 chapters discussing several hundred topics, organized by anatomic systems, etiology of
LOCAL AUTOLOGOUS ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL TRANSPLANTATION (EPC-TX) IN THE CHRONIC ISCHEMIC MYOCARDIUM ENHANCES CONTRACTILITY IN THE NON-ISCHEMIC AREA: PREVENTION OF NEGATIVE REMODELING
Authors: David J. Pedrosa, Dirk Cleppien, Angelica Karpi, Mate Borgulya, Edin Hadzijusufoviç, Holger Jansen, Nico Abegunewardene, Marcus Vosseler, Karl-Friedrich Kreitner, Oliver Kempski, Laura M. Schreiber, Georg Horstick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
How effective is measles immunisation?
Authors: W M Jordan
Journal: BMJ (1977)

normal breakfast, before his daily digoxin dose, and after at least 15 minutes' rest.Patients had become familiar with the technique during the period on digoxin prior to this study.Had we measured systolic time intervals in patients whose failure worsened clinically on placebo the influence of changes in ventricular volume, pre-load, after-load, etc, would have been predominant.Although Weissler and Schoen- feld found that the effect of a single intravenous dose of deslanoside in patients with severe heart failure was better reflected by the pre-ejection period (PEP) than the left ventricular ejection time (LVET), the indices (PEPI and LVETI) showed equally significant correlations with conventional haemodynamic measurements.Hoeschen and Cuddy,' in patients on maintenance digoxin, found that doubling the dose had no effect on the PEPI but significantly shortened the LVETI.
Suppose We Died Young, Late in Life...?
Authors: Ernst L. Wynder
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A DISTINGUISHED physician recently expressed concern about the long terminal illness of one of his parents. What, our colleague queried, would happen to society if medical advances led most of us to such a demise? Aside from emotional problems affecting the family, would not such a state of sick old people undo the fiscal structure of our health care system? Yes, but is it really necessary that we must end our days old<i>and</i>sick if we alter our current health care system? This question raises one of the most important issues about the future of our society—an issue of<i>human</i>capital and resources as vital and pressing as the problems of energy and economic capital and resources. The medical profession and society's planners for the future must responsibly face the issues raised by this question, and the purpose of this note is to open such a discussion. Let us
Abstract 1108: Subtype specific expression of immnune-modulating miR-155 and miR-146a in anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Olaf Merkel, Robert Griessl, Frank Hamacher, Lisa M. Grabner, Richard Greil, Lukas Kenner
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a mature T-cell malignancy that is subdivided further into two distinct disease entities based on the presence or absence of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion protein. ALK+ ALCL bears the t(2;5) (p23;q35) translocation in greater than 80% of cases, which results in the expression of the chimeric nucleophosmin (NPM)-ALK. This leads to the activation of many different growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic pathways, including PI3K/Akt1/mTOR, Jak/Stat and AP-1. Recently, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as tiny but potent molecules to regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. In a recent publication we have reported that miR-155 is up-regulated in ALK+ and down-regulated in ALK- ALCL. We have now identified an additional miRNA, miR-146a, that is significantly higher expressed in ALK- ALCL. Both miRNAs are strongly induced by T-cell activation. We report here that in ALCL cell lines that highly express miR-155 (like ALK- Mac1 and Mac2a) its target protein CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein ≤ (C/EBPβ) is suppressed and moreover reintroduction of miR-155 in cell lines that have low miR-155 levels (Karpas-299, SR786, SU-DHL-1, SUP-M2) can actively down-regulate C/EBPβ. Conversely, high expression of miR-146a in primary ALK- ALCL FFPE specimens corresponds to low expression of its target protein IL1 receptor-associated kinase 1 in ALK - cell lines. Due to the known roles of miR-155 and miR-146a we assessed cytokine release in a set of ALCL cell lines with and without the ALK translocation. Interestingly, we found expression of cytokines including IL-6, IL-10, IL-21 and IL-22 in ALCL cell lines. Inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-21 and IL-22 were 4 to 10-fold higher in ALK- cell lines, whereas anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels were not related to ALK status. Reintroduction of miR-155 into the ALK+ cell lines Karpas-299 and SR786 was able to enhance expression of IL-22. To test the influence of miR-155 on ALK- ALCL tumor growth in vivo we injected 5x10^6 Mac1 cells with low (transfected with anti-miR) or high miR-155 (transfected with pre-miR) into the flanks of BALB/c mice. High miR-155 led to a significantly enhanced tumor growth and increased IL-22 in the serum, suggesting miR-155 as tumor driver and potential therapeutic target in ALK- ALCL. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1108. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1108
Mentally Subnormal Children
Authors: A. Mavius
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Care of Mentally Retarded SIR,-So you think (28 February, p. 517) that Mr. Crossman was wrong to castigate the medical profession for its indifference to the mentally retarded.But suppose he had asked: "Here in this country, where there are tens of thousands of men, women, and children afflicted in this way, in which medical school is there a professor of mental retardation, a reader, even a full-time lecturer?And how is it that a medical student can go through a course of training and get hardly a reference to the subject?"What answer would you have given?But then he might well have asked himself: "What interest-before the present scandal blew its top-had I, any of my predecessors, any members of my Department, in this condition?"Would he not have got the same dusty answer?-Iam, etc.,
538 NOTCH3 DOWN-REGULATION INCREASES THE SENSITIVITY OF HEPG2 LIVER CELLS TO DOXORUBICIN
Authors: C. Giovannini, K.B. Marcu, L. Gramantieri, P. Chieco, F. Lago, S. Pianetti, E. Ramazzotti, L. Bolondi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)