tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improved survival for melanoma in Northern Ireland: a comparison of two 5-year periods (1984-88 and 1994-98)
Authors: E.A. Mcmullen, F. Kee, C.C. Patterson, A.T. Gavin, O.M. Dolan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma has been rising steadily in Caucasian populations for several decades, with a doubling time of 10-14 years. An increase in incidence of about 5% per year has been reported in most Caucasian populations since the early 1960s.This study was designed to determine the changing incidence of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in Northern Ireland and to examine changes in survival rates from cutaneous malignant melanoma in two 5-year periods, 1984-88 and 1994-98.One thousand three hundred and twenty-six patients with invasive primary cutaneous melanoma were included in the study.The age standardized rate of melanoma rose from 4.3 per 100,000 population per year in men and 8.6 per 100,000 population per year in women to 7.7 and 11.8, respectively, per 100,000 population per year in the 1994-98 period. Overall, the absolute 5-year survival for the 1984-88 period was 71.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 66.9-75.1%] and 77.4% (95% CI 73.4-81.4%) for the 1994-98 period. Women consistently showed better survival at all ages and within almost all categories of thickness of primary tumour. Younger patients of both sexes showed better survival rates.When survival rates between the 1984-88 and 1994-98 periods were compared using multivariate analysis, we found that patients diagnosed in the second period had a one-third lower risk of dying than those in the earlier period. Much of this reduction was explained by changes in the number of melanomas of thin Breslow depth and ulcerated melanomas.
Abstract 2116: High-sensitivity K-RAS mutation detection using a plant endonuclease-based genotyping method
Authors: Ben Legendre, Yanggu Shi, Grant Wu, Gary F. Gerard, Phil Eastlake, Gerald Martin, David Hild, Eric Kaldjian
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Newly developed therapeutic agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have proven to be effective against colorectal cancer. However, in certain colorectal cancers these drugs are ineffective. Around 40% of colorectal tumors carry K-RAS gene mutations associated with poor response to EGFR antagonists. K-RAS mutation status can therefore be used to determine whether or not a tumor will respond to anti-EGFR therapy. SURVEYOR Nuclease is a mismatch-specific plant DNA endonuclease that can scan for known and unknown mutations and polymorphisms in heteroduplex DNA by cleaving DNA with high specificity at sites of base-substitution mismatch and other alterations. This DNA endonuclease cuts both strands of a DNA heteroduplex on the 3’-side of the mismatch site, yielding fragments of smaller size that can be detected by size discrimination technologies. Small insertions/deletions as well as all base-substitution mismatches are recognized; the efficiency of cleavage varies with the sequence of the mismatch. SURVEYOR Scan K-RAS is a research-use-only kit for detecting all sequence variations in exons 2 and 3 of the K-RAS gene. Studies using plasmid controls have demonstrated detection of all known activating exon 2 mutations in codons 12 and 13, as well as the most common mutation in exon 3, Q61H. Limit of detection experiments have demonstrated that SURVEYOR Scan is highly sensitive, capable of detecting a mixture of 1% mutant in a background of 99% non-mutant DNA. The resulting digestion patterns for codons 12, 13 and 61 are highly specific and recognizable by comparison with controls. In addition, since heteroduplex cleavage is not position specific, mutations outside of these three codons also are detected. SURVEYOR Scan has been used successfully with HPLC (WAVE® HS System) and with automated micro-fluidic capillary electrophoresis (Caliper Lab Chip GX) suitable for high-throughput analyses. Use of SURVEYOR Scan K-RAS can decrease sequencing burden and aid aggressive sequence calling where automated sequencing software fails to definitively resolve the presence of a mutation. This method has also been successfully applied to activating mutations in the BRAF and PIK3CA genes as well. The extension of SURVEYOR Scan to mutation analysis in tumor suppressor genes, such as p53, in which inactivating mutations may be present in multiple exons in numerous locations, is anticipated to be of significant utility, since mutation-specific methods are not practical and sequencing requirements are onerous. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2116.
Placental glucose transporter gene expression and metabolism in the rat.
Authors: J Zhou, C A Bondy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

In situ hybridization was used to evaluate patterns of gene expression for glucose transporters 1-4 (GT1-4) in the rat uteroplacenta from the time of implantation through term, and in vivo regional placental glucose metabolism was measured by 14C-labeled 2-deoxyglucose uptake. GT1 mRNA was highly abundant and GT3 was barely detected in the postimplantation decidual reaction. GT1 and 3 mRNAs were colocalized in the labyrinthine syncitiotrophoblast layer of the chorioallantoic placenta, which forms the membranous barrier between maternal and fetal circulations. The level of labyrinthine GT3 mRNA showed no change from midgestation through term; however, the volume of the labyrinth and hence total GT 3 gene expression increased greatly during this period. Labyrinthine GT1 mRNA levels, in contrast, showed significant diminution near term. GT1 mRNA was also localized in the placental growth plate, or junctional zone, where it was most abundant during the period of rapid placental growth and was decreased at term. Placental glucose metabolism, as reflected by steady-state 2-deoxyglucose uptake, was highest in the junctional zone during the rapid growth phase during midgestation, and decreased significantly at term, in parallel with GT1 gene expression. These findings suggest that GT1 is responsible for supplying glucose for use as a placental fuel and that GT3 is important for glucose transfer to the embryo.
Japanese Lung Cancer Registry Study of 11,663 Surgical Cases in 2004: Demographic and Prognosis Changes Over Decade
Authors: Noriyoshi Sawabata, Etsuo Miyaoka, Hisao Asamura, Yoichi Nakanishi, Kenji Eguchi, Masaki Mori, Hiroaki Nomori, Yoshitaka Fujii, Meinoshin Okumura, Kohei Yokoi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Prone Position Augments Recruitment and Prevents Alveolar Overinflation in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Eftichia Galiatsou, Eleonora Kostanti, Eugenia Svarna, Athanasios Kitsakos, Vasilios Koulouras, Stauros C. Efremidis, Georgios Nakos
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Mechanical ventilation in the prone position may be an effective means of recruiting nonaerated alveolar units and minimizing ventilation-induced lung injury.To evaluate and quantify regional lung volume alterations when patients with lobar or diffuse acute lung injury (ALI) were turned prone after a recruitment maneuver.In 21 patients with ALI, a recruitment maneuver was applied in the supine position followed by a multislice spiral computed tomography (CT) scan; then, patients were turned prone and a second CT scan was performed.Both the recruitment maneuver and prone position resulted in improved oxygenation in patients with lobar ALI. Prone position also resulted in increased respiratory system compliance and decreased Pa(CO(2)) in lobar ALI. In lobar ALI, the proportion of overinflated and nonaerated areas declined, whereas the proportion of well-aerated areas increased in the prone position. The decrease in overinflated areas was observed mainly in the ventral areas. The dorsal regions showed a decrease in nonaerated areas and an increase in well-aerated areas. Recruitment maneuver and prone position improved oxygenation but had no effect either on Pa(CO(2)) or on the respiratory system compliance of patients with diffuse ALI. These patients responded to prone position with a decrease in nonaerated areas.Prone position recruited the edematous lung further than recruitment maneuvers and reversed overinflation, resulting in a more homogeneous distribution of aeration. The effects of the prone position were more pronounced in patients with lobar ALI.
BMA chairman denies reports that he opposes copayments
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The BMA’s chairman has strongly denied reports that he supports a continuation of the policy that denies any further NHS treatment to people who choose to have part of their care given privately.

Speaking on the eve of the BMA’s annual representatives’ meeting in Edinburgh, Hamish Meldrum said that his words in an interview with a …
Residents' Working Hours
Authors: Lyle Snider
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I write as a nurse and the spouse of a family practice resident finishing the first year of training. I believe that the long hours spent at the hospitals by the residents lower the quality of health care provided by them. For years safety experts have realized that people who are fatigued are more likely to make errors in judgment and to have greater difficulty performing tasks that require coordination or strength. Thus, airline pilots, truck drivers, and other persons in positions where lives depend on their good judgment and coordination are limited in the number of hours they can work at one stretch before getting a break. I do not want to fly in an airplane piloted by someone who has been awake for 24 hours straight, nor do I want to be on the road with a truck driver in the same condition. By the
"THE EFFECT OF PERTUSSIS ON THE HEART"
Authors: Paul V. Ledbetter
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —The letter on this subject by Dr. Ernst P. Boas (The Journal, April 25, p. 1291) is an example of the confusion caused by such articles as he quotes. This confusion has resulted in differences of opinion to be found in textbooks. The two articles in question are those of Drs. Henry Koplik and Mera Brick.  Koplik asserted that cardiac dilatation and failure in pertussis could be shown by (1) increased heart size by percussion, the right border in particular being beyond the normal limit; (2) irregularities of the pulse, and (3) edema about the eyes and hemorrhages. None of these findings can stand the test of careful analysis. In the first place, percussion of the right border of the heart unless considerably enlarged is unreliable; moreover, roentgen-ray studies of the heart in pertussis in several hundred cases at the Floating Hospital in Boston have shown that
Patients, Primary Care Physicians, and Payments for Hospital Visits
Authors: Bernadine Z. Paulshock
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I liked the A Piece of My Mind article<sup>1</sup>in which Dr Brown described how his hospitalized patient still considered him to be her physician even though her actual medical management was by her hematologist. Many general internists have the same urges and feelings as Brown and want to provide their patients the attentive care desired, care that requires an intimate knowledge of the patient's personality and life history. This is knowledge not possible for the consultant of the day or the week to acquire. This type of care is enabled only by previous experiences that have engendered trust and confidence between patient and physician. But what insurance carrier will pay for hospital visits of this type? If patients are enrolled in a managed care plan such as a health maintenance organization (HMO), perhaps their physicians will feel that such ongoing visits are part of their contract;
Dysphagia in Magnesium Deficiency
Authors: EDMUND B. FLINK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Editorial Note1 August 1978Dysphagia in Magnesium DeficiencyEDMUND B. FLINK, M.D., M.A.C.P.EDMUND B. FLINK, M.D., M.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-2-282 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the Brief Report in this issue, "Dysphagia and Vertical Nystagmus in Magnesium Deficiency," Hamed and Lindeman describe dysphagia as a major presenting symptom of magnesium deficiency, a previously unrecognized symptom of this multifaceted illness, which had developed in a patient as a consequence of the short-bowel syndrome. Esophageal peristalsis was absent but the patient did not have esophageal obstruction. The patient also manifested vertical nystagmus, which had been noted before by the Oklahoma group (1); this sign is uncommon and often missed. I have seen this nystagmus only once, in a woman receiving total parenteral nutrition at a time...References1. SMITH W: Magnesium deficiency in the surgical patient. Am J Cardiol 667-670, 1963 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. FLINKSTUTZMANANDERSONKONIGFRASER EFATR: Magnesium deficiency after prolonged parenteral fluid administration and after chronic alcoholism complicated by delirium tremens. J Lab Clin Med 43:169-183, 1954 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. See Reference 2 (abstract), 38:817, 1951 Google Scholar4. KELLAWAYEWEN GK: Magnesium deficiency complicating prolonged gastric suction. NZ Med J 61:137-142, 1962 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. SHILS M: Experimental human magnesium deficiency. Medicine (Baltimore) 48:61-85, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: EDMUND B. FLINK, M.D., M.A.C.P.Affiliations: Department of Medicine West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown, West Virginia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrevalence and management of oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with severe anorexia nervosa: A large retrospective reviewEsophageal Involvement in Systemic DiseasesMotor Disorders of the EsophagusCLINICAL SIGNS OF MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY 1 August 1978Volume 89, Issue 2Page: 282-282KeywordsDysphagiaMagnesiumNystagmusTotal parenteral nutrition ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Long-term results of the GIMEMA VEL-03-096 trial in MM patients receiving VTD consolidation after ASCT: MRD kinetics' impact on survival
Authors: S Ferrero, M Ladetto, D Drandi, F Cavallo, E Genuardi, M Urbano, S Caltagirone, M Grasso, F Rossini, T Guglielmelli, C Cangialosi, A M Liberati, V Callea, T Carovita, C Crippa, L De Rosa, F Pisani, A P Falcone, P Pregno, S Oliva, C Terragna, P Musto, R Passera, M Boccadoro, A Palumbo
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Abstract P1-09-14: Relationship between socioeconomic status, race, and breast cancer clinical stage at presentation
Authors: CJ Wray, BC Nguyen, RL Wiatrek, EK Robinson, TC Ko, LS Kao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Racial and ethnic minority breast cancer patients present with later clinical stage at diagnosis, which may be due to lack of access to care due to poor socioeconomic status (SES). Our hypothesis was that the racial gap in clinical stage at breast cancer presentation would be eliminated after adjustment for SES. Methods: Retrospective review was performed of breast cancer (excluding ductal carcinoma in situ) patients from 10 hospitals in Harris County Texas between 2002 and 2011. Demographic and clinical information was recorded. Clinical stage was calculated based on data from the institutional tumor registry and electronic medical record. Zip code-based SES data, including mean household income and percentage of households receiving social support, were downloaded from www.census.gov. A multivariate ordered logistic regression clustered by hospital was used to identify predictors of clinical stage. Results: Of 3084 breast cancer patients, the mean age at diagnosis was 59 ± 14 years. The cohort included 1873 Caucasian (61%), 519 African-Americans (17%), 353 Hispanics (11%), and 339 Asian/others (11%). Age, race, mean household income, and percentage of household receiving social support were predictive of clinical stage at presentation (p&amp;lt;0.05). Ordered Logistic RegressionVariableOdds RatioSEp-value95% CIMean Income0.998.2 e-060.0010.98 - 0.99% Social Support1.010.0020.0021.00 - 1.01Age0.980.0020.0410.97- 0.99Race African-American4.581.220.0002.72 - 7.72Hispanic1.991.260.2730.58 - 6.89Asian/other1.450.760.4730.52 - 4.04Caucasian = referent value for Race, SE = standard error, CI = confidence interval The largest racial gap was observed between African-Americans and Caucasians. African Americans from areas with a mean income up to $180K still had a lower predicted probability of presenting with clinical stage 1a disease than the Caucasians from the poorest mean income areas (&amp;lt;$5K). African Americans from the highest mean income areas (&amp;gt; $305K) still had a higher probability of presenting with clinical stage 4 disease as Caucasians from areas with a mean income as low as $100K. Conclusion: Both African-American race and residence in a low SES zip code contribute independently to late clinical stage at presentation among breast cancer patients. Both genetic and social factors may play a role in this disparity. Addressing factors related to just race or low SES status alone is unlikely to improve outcomes for African-Americans from low SES zip codes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-09-14.
Immunotherapy with Alginate‐Conjugated and Alum‐Precipitated Grass Pollen Extracts in Patients with Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: Kjell‐Orvar Pegelow, Lars Belin, Per Broman, Henrik Heilborn, Bo Sundin, Kirk Watson
Journal: Allergy (1984)

In order to compare the safety and the efficacy of two grass pollen extracts made from the same starting material, i.e. equal proportions of cocksfoot and timothy, a 3-year study was made on patients with hay fever. One product was a dialysed aqueous extract of pollens which was chemically conjugated to activated sodium alginate ( Conjuvac ). The other was a pyridine-extracted alum-precipitated crude extract (Allpyral). Forty patients with classical hay fever were admitted to the study. All gave positive result to prick and nasal/conjunctival testing with extracts of both cocksfoot and timothy grass. Thirty-five patients completed all 3 years of the study. Seventeen/eighteen Allpyral-treated and 17/17 Conjuvac -treated patients were subjectively improved. There was no significant difference in symptom scores between the two groups. Challenge tests showed a tendency to reduced sensitivity to allergen in the Conjuvac -treated but not in the Allpyral-treated group. The median values for specific IgG and IgE showed the same pattern of reaction as seen in earlier studies of pollen hyposensitization. There was, however, a greater increase of grass-specific IgG in the Conjuvac -treated patients. No serious adverse effects were seen in any of the treatment groups, but there were slightly fewer side effects in the Conjuvac group.
Don's diary
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

What do academics do all day?

Monday Writing day. I'm drafting an editorial about measuring culture in healthcare organisations. I immerse myself in anthropologist Clifford Geertz's “Notes on a Balinese cockfight,” one of the finest (and funniest) ethnographic studies ever published. I struggle to transfer the ideas to the NHS.

Sample size calculation for a diabetes grant application. An old friend, now a multicentre trialist, has sent me a piece of software, and I've connected …
Hormonal markers of susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections: are we taking them seriously?
Authors: L. Brabin
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The association between mitochondrial DNA-copy number (mtDNA-CN) and incident heart failure (HF) in the general population is unclear. <h3>Methods</h3> We examined the association between mtDNA-CN and the risk of incident HF among 10,802 participants free of HF at baseline from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, a large bi-racial population-based cohort. mtDNA-CN was estimated using probe intensities on the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human single nucleotide polymorphisms Array 6.0. Incident HF events were identified through hospital discharge codes from 1987 until 2005 and through adjudication by the ARIC HF Classification Committee since 2005. <h3>Results</h3> During a median follow-up of 23.1 years, there were 2,227 incident HF events (incidence rate 10.3 per 1000 person-years). In fully adjusted models, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for HF comparing the 2<sup>nd</sup> through 5<sup>th</sup> quintiles of mtDNA-CN to the 1<sup>st</sup> quintile were 0.91 (0.80–1.04), 0.82 (0.72–0.93), 0.81 (0.71–0.92), and 0.74 (0.65–0.85), respectively (<i>P</i> for trend &lt; 0.001). In stratified analyses, the associations between mtDNA-CN and HF were similar across examined subgroups. The inverse association between mtDNA-CN and incident HF was stronger in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) than in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this prospective cohort, mtDNA-CN was inversely associated with the risk of incident HF suggesting that reduced levels of mtDNA-CN, a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, could reflect early susceptibility to HF.
Nonlinear nonequilibrium nonquantum nonchaotic statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions
Authors: Lester Ingber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The work in progress reported by Wright &amp; Liley shows great promise, primarily because of their experimental and simulation paradigms. However, their tentative conclusion that macroscopic neocortex may be considered (approximately) a linear near-equilibrium system is premature and does not correspond to tentative conclusions drawn from other studies of neocortex.
Real-Time Detection and Alerting for Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Ischemia Using an Implantable, High-Fidelity, Intracardiac Electrogram Monitoring System With Long-Range Telemetry in an Ambulatory Porcine Model
Authors: Tim A. Fischell, David R. Fischell, Robert E. Fischell, Renu Virmani, Jennifer J. DeVries, Mitchell W. Krucoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
TCT-613 A Prospective Randomized Multi-Center Trial to Assess the Everolimus-Eluting Stent System (Promus Element) for Coronary Revascularization in a Population of Unrestricted Patients
Authors: Jean Fajadet, Eulogio Garcia, David Hildick-Smith, Sonia Petronio, Sigmund Silber, Franz-Josef Neumann, Azfar Zaman, Jochen Wöhrle, Mark Spence, simon elhadad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Points from Letters: Explaining the Doctors' Case
Authors: C. McDonald
Journal: BMJ (1965)

SIR,-The Times of 6 September had an interesting article concerning medical matters under the title " If Single-Handed Doctors Go."It was regretted that much of the personal touch will be lost.The grouping would, however, diminish the strain of unlimited liability which presses heavily on the single doctor.What other individuals or organization in the country would accept unlimited liability for service, particularly when the liability carries heavy penalties for the doctor and none for the individuals who abuse the service ?Surely this matter deserves more attention ?Could even a full-time salaried service carry the burden without restrictions on the user's side ?At present the sky is the limit.Some need aid, but that is no reason for giving it to all without restraint.There is no need, in effect, to burn the house down to get roast pig.-I am, etc.,