tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a parathyroid hormone-independent calcium modulation of phosphate transport along the nephron.
Authors: C Amiel, H Kuntziger, S Couette, C Coureau, N Bergounioux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

To disclose a parathyroid-independent calcium modulation of phosphate transport along the nephron, the effect of increasing plasma calcium concentration to subnormal levels in rats 6 days after parathyroidectomy (chronic PTX) was studied. Fractional phosphate reabsorption was significantly increased. The whole kidney response to calcium infusion was similar whether or not the thyroid gland was removed, which suggests that calcitonin is not involved. The micropuncture study indicated an increase in the reabsorptive capacity for phosphate (absolute reabsorption/absolute delivered phosphate per nephron segment) in the proximal tubule, the loop, and the terminal nephron when calcium was infused. Thus, the level of plasma calcium or some related factor affects the phosphate transport by the tubule independently of parathyroid hormone. With calcium infusion, the profile of phosphate reabsorption along the nephron became close to that of acutely parathyroidectomized rats, but with persisting differences. The level of plasma calcium concentration may partly account for the differences between the acute and the chronic steps of parathyroidectomy. The role of possible interferences between alterations of extracellular calcium concentration or some related factor and the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system in such an action of calcium was evaluated. Cyclic AMP was infused so as to achieve a 10(-6) M plasma concentration. Combined infusions of calcium and cyclic AMP were also performed. The results are compatible with calcium inhibition of adenylate cyclase, although they do not rule out a direct action of calcium.
Effect of Soy Protein Isolate Supplementation on Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Maarten C. Bosland, Ikuko Kato, Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Joanne Schmoll, Erika Enk Rueter, Jonathan Melamed, Max Xiangtian Kong, Virgilia Macias, Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, L. H. Lumey, Hui Xie, Weihua Gao, Paul Walden, Herbert Lepor, Samir S. Taneja, Carla Randolph, Michael J. Schlicht, Hiroko Meserve-Watanabe, Ryan J. Deaton, Joanne A. Davies
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Soy consumption has been suggested to reduce risk or recurrence of prostate cancer, but this has not been tested in a randomized trial with prostate cancer as the end point.To determine whether daily consumption of a soy protein isolate supplement for 2 years reduces the rate of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy or delays such recurrence.Randomized, double-blind trial conducted from July 1997 to May 2010 at 7 US centers comparing daily consumption of a soy protein supplement vs placebo in 177 men at high risk of recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Supplement intervention was started within 4 months after surgery and continued for up to 2 years, with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements made at 2-month intervals in the first year and every 3 months thereafter.Participants were randomized to receive a daily serving of a beverage powder containing 20 g of protein in the form of either soy protein isolate (n=87) or, as placebo, calcium caseinate (n=90).Biochemical recurrence rate of prostate cancer (defined as development of a PSA level of ≥0.07 ng/mL) over the first 2 years following randomization and time to recurrence.The trial was stopped early for lack of treatment effects at a planned interim analysis with 81 evaluable participants in the intervention group and 78 in the placebo group. Overall, 28.3% of participants developed biochemical recurrence within 2 years of entering the trial (close to the a priori predicted recurrence rate of 30%). Among these, 22 (27.2%) occurred in the intervention group and 23 (29.5%) in the placebo group. The resulting hazard ratio for active treatment was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.53-1.72; log-rank P = .89). Adherence was greater than 90% and there were no apparent adverse events related to supplementation.Daily consumption of a beverage powder supplement containing soy protein isolate for 2 years following radical prostatectomy did not reduce biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer in men at high risk of PSA failure.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00765479.
Abstract 583: Inecalcitol, a 14-epi-analogue of 1,25D3, induces growth inhibition through apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a squamous cell carcinoma model system
Authors: Yingyu Ma, Wei-Dong Yu, Rui-Xian Kong, Remi Delansorne, Donald L. Trump, Candace S. Johnson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that 1,25D3, the active vitamin D metabolite, has broad spectrum anti-tumor activity. However, hypercalcemia may limit its clinical application when administrated inappropriately. An orally available 14-epi-analogue of 1,25D3, inecalcitol (19-nor-14-epi-23-yne-1,25-(OH)2D3, TX522), has shown good clinical tolerance at high and frequent exposure without side effects and hypercalcemia. Therefore, we examined the antitumor activity of inecalcitol in a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) model system. Inecalcitol at 10 or 100 nM readily induced vitamin D receptor expression in SCC cells. Inecalcitol suppressed SCC cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner as shown by MTT assays. SCC cells underwent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest following inecalcitol treatment, which was accompanied by the induction of p27 protein as shown by immunoblot analysis. Inecalcitol markedly induced apoptosis in SCC cells as examined by annexin V/7AAD staining and DNA fragmentation ELISA assays. The cleavages of caspases 8, 9, and 3 and PARP were observed following inecalcitol treatment in SCC cells. In addition, migration assay revealed that inecalcitol inhibited the motility of SCC cells. Inecalcitol also suppressed the invasion of SCC cells as assessed by Matrigel-based invasion assay. To have a better understanding of the effects of inecalcitol, 1,25D3-resistant variant of SCC (SCC-DR) were employed. The above findings were not observed in SCC-DR cells, indicating the critical role of inecalcitol. Our studies suggest that inecalcitol strongly suppress SCC growth through the promotion of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Inecalcitol also inhibits SCC migration and invasion. Thus, inecalcitol may be a promising 1,25D3 analogue for cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 583. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-583
Long-term outcome of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors after imatinib failure is predicted by the in vitro sensitivity of BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Daniel Jones, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Susan O'Brien, Constantine Tam, Charles Koller, Jan A. Burger, Gautam Borthakur, William G. Wierda, Jorge Cortes
Journal: Blood (2009)
Hyperbaric Oxygenation in the Treatment of Hemodialysis-Associated Air Embolism
Authors: Stuart E. Baskin, Ronald F. Wozniak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

HYPERBARIC oxygenation has been used extensively in the management of clinical situations in which abnormal quantities of air have gained access to the venous and arterial sides of the circulation.1 2 3 It appears reasonable, therefore, to manage air embolism, an occasional complication of hemodialysis, in a similar fashion. We reviewed the clinical course of nine patients who sustained air embolism during hemodialysis and were treated with hyperbaric oxygenation.Patients and MethodsThe patients were referred from three dialysis centers and home dialysis settings during the period 1971–1974.All patients were dialyzed on conventional Travenol RSP artificial-kidney machines and received 200 to . . .
Preventable Hospitalization Among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Marlene R. Niefeld, Joel B. Braunstein, Albert W. Wu, Christopher D. Saudek, Wendy E. Weller, Gerard F. Anderson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To examine the impact of comorbid conditions on preventable hospitalizations among Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data were drawn from the 1999 Medicare Standard Analytic Files, a 5% nationally representative random sample of Medicare beneficiaries. The analysis sample included 193,556 Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes (ICD-9-CM codes 250.xx) who were enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare. Preventable hospitalization was assessed by measuring ambulatory care-sensitive conditions, an accepted measure of hospitalizations that could have been prevented with appropriate outpatient care. Multivariable analyses controlled for demographics; mortality; renal, ophthalmic, or neurological manifestations of diabetes; type of physician providing the outpatient care; and per capita community-level indicators of income and hospital beds. RESULTS—Ninety-six percent of beneficiaries in the sample had a comorbidity, and 46% had five or more comorbidities. Among beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular-related comorbidities were common and accounted for increased odds of preventable hospitalization, controlling for other factors. The likelihood of a preventable hospitalization increased in the presence of a claim for comorbid congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, coronary atherosclerosis, hypertension, or cardiac dysrythmias. Noncardiovascular comorbidities associated with a greater likelihood of preventable hospitalization included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and lower respiratory disorders, Alzheimer’s disease/dementia, personality/anxiety disorders, depression, and osteoporosis. Our data suggest that nearly 7% of all hospitalizations could be avoided. CONCLUSIONS—These findings support the need for improved outpatient care strategies to reduce the impact of comorbidity on unnecessary hospitalization in patients aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes.
From allergen sources to reduction of allergen exposure
Authors: JC Bessot, F de Blay, G Pauli
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Allergen exposure plays a major role in the development of sensitization, inflammation and symptomatic asthma. The development of new means of detecting allergens has enabled the evaluation of the effect of a reduction in allergen exposure to be better assessed. In order to prevent allergen exposure it is necessary to determine the allergen sources and reservoirs to which avoidance measures should be directed. The allergen sources and reservoirs of mite, cat, dog, cockroach, rodent, mould and pollen allergens are briefly reviewed. The relationships between allergen exposure, sensitization, nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity and asthma symptoms are discussed. Recognition of the risks, environmental control, and reduction in allergen loads should be among the objectives of asthma management.
Ruptured cerebral aneurysm and brawling.
Authors: P Lynch
Journal: BMJ (1979)

to expedite the delivery in only 16 60,, of the trial group compared with 29)0 of the control group.The fetal condition in the epidural series was improved, with 16 1",, having a pH of less than 7 25 compared with 34-3",, of the controls.The improved fetal condition in the second stage was also reflected by the difference in the Apgar scores.We proposed that this improvement in the epidural series resulted from the abolition of the bearing- down reflex, which caused a reduction in maternal expulsive efforts and a consequent improvement in the uteroplacental flow.We have been especially concerned about the well-known premature maternal expulsive efforts that occur in multigravida breech deliveries before full dilatation of the cervix.This is well illustrated in one of our eight patients who did not receive epidural analgesia (no anaesthetist available).This patient, a multigravida, started to bear down before full cervical dilatation, resulting in a traumatic delivery of the after-coming head through an incompletely dilated cervix.The baby died after 24 hours and was found to have an intracranial haemorrhage as a result of bilateral tentorial tears.We believe that a vaginal breech delivery is best achieved with a well-relaxed and cooperative patient with good analgesia, which is superior with an epidural.In addition, we did not see the precipitous spontaneous breech delivery that can often occur in grand multiparity.In conclusion, we agree with Crawford's review and would strongly recommend epidural analgesia in the manage- ment of all vaginal breech deliveries.We have shown that breech extraction is not increased, and the fetal condition, as shown by pH in the second stage of labour and Apgar scores, is greatly improved.
Abstract 5454: Drug effect analysis of methoxyamine through quantifying the drug on its therapeutic target
Authors: Lan Li, Yan Xu, Lili Liu, Stanton L. Gerson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Methoxyamine (MX) is the first DNA base-excision-repair (BER) inhibitor evaluated in humans. MX potentiates the cytotoxicity of alkylating and antimetabolic agents by condensing with DNA apurinic/pymidinic (AP) sites which are produced through the removal of alkylated or abnormal nucleobases from DNA backbone by DNA glycosylases. The formation of AP-MX complex blocks the BER pathway, and hence reverses tumor resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents. The further repair of MX-bound DNA by topoisomerase II results in ds-DNA breaks, and induces tumor cell death. In this work, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantitative analysis of AP-MX complex released from MX-bound DNA by a multi-enzyme system. The enzyme-released AP-MX (i.e., deoxyribose-MX, or dR-MX) was first separated from the enzyme digestion matrix on a Hypercarb® column, and then quantitated by a triple quadrupole mass analyzer using multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode with a mass transition of m/z 164 &amp;gt; 117. The calibration curve which corresponds to 3.55 to 227 AP-MX complexes/107 bases was established using AP-MX calibrators obtained by serial dilution of DNA oligomer containing known amount of AP-MX complex in blank calf thymus DNA. The method developed has been applied to AP-MX analysis of DNA extracts from T98G cells treated with temozolomide with MX, and blood samples from an ongoing Phase I study of methoxyamine and temozolomide in patient with advanced solid tumors. The dose, AP-MX complex, and time profiles have been obtained. This method provides a quantitative measure of methoxyamine at its proposed target sites. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5454. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5454
Association of Hospice Patients' Income and Care Level With Place of Death
Authors: Joshua S. Barclay, Maragatha Kuchibhatla, James A. Tulsky, Kimberly S. Johnson
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Terminally ill patients with lower incomes are less likely to die at home, even with hospice care.To examine the relationship between income and transfer from home before death and the interaction between income and level of hospice care as a predictor of transfer from home in patients admitted to routine home hospice care.We matched zip codes to US census tracts to generate median annual household incomes and divided the measure into $10,000 increments (≤$20,000 to >$50,000). We abstracted data from the central administrative and clinical database of a hospice care provider. We analyzed the relationship between income and transfer from home before death using logistic regression adjusted for demographics, diagnosis, region, and length of stay. Level of hospice care was examined as any continuous care vs none. Unlike routine care, which includes periodic visits by hospice, continuous care is a higher level of care used for short periods of crisis to keep a patient at home and includes hospice services in the home at least 8 hours in a 24-hour period.A for-profit hospice provider, VITAS Healthcare, operating 26 programs in 8 states.Hospice patients admitted to routine care in a private residence from January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2003.Transfer from hospice care in a private residence to hospice care in a site outside the home before death.Of the 61,063 enrollees admitted to routine care in a private residence, 13,804 (22.61%) transferred from home to another location (ie, inpatient hospice unit or nursing home) with hospice care before death. Patients who transferred had a lower mean median household income ($42,585 vs $46,777; P < .001) and were less likely to have received any continuous care (49.38% vs 30.61%; P < .001). The median number of days of continuous care was 4. For patients who did not receive continuous care, the odds of transfer from home before death increased with decreasing median annual household incomes (odds ratio range, 1.26-1.76). For patients who received continuous care, income was not a predictor of transfer from home.Patients with limited resources may be less likely to die at home, especially if they are not able to access needed support beyond what is available with routine hospice care.
Abstract 2751: Protective effects of phenylaminoethyl selenide (PAESe) on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Jeong Yeon Kang, Leah J. Costyn, Tamas Nagy, Elizabeth A. Cowan, Charlie D. Oldham, Sheldon W. May, Robert D. Arnold
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Anthracyclines are potent anticancer agents that are effective in the treatment of acute leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, breast, ovarian and lung cancers, but their clinical use is hampered by dose-limiting cardiotoxicity mediated by free radicals generation. We determined the ability of phenyl-2-aminoethyl selenide (PAESe), a novel antioxidant, to reduce doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Growth inhibitory effects of PAESe on human breast carcinoma (BT-474) and prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cells were determined alone and in combination with two clinically used anticancer agents, DOX, a topoisomerase-2 antagonist known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and vincristine (a tubulin binding agent) and a known oxidant, tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP). Conventional growth inhibitory assays, i.e., sulforhodamine B (SRB) and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT) staining, were used to determine in vitro activity. Treatment effect on intracellular formation of ROS was also determined by quantifying the oxidation of a cell-permeant indicator H2DCFDA. The effect of PAESe on cardiomyocytes was determined in NCr (nu/nu) mice with DOX (5 mg/kg), PAESe (10 mg/kg), concomitant (DOX &amp; PAESe) therapy, and saline controls were administered by tail vein injections weekly over 12 weeks. Histopathological examination was performed to look for evidence of cardiotoxicity. PAESe did not alter the growth of BT-474 or PC-3 cells up to 10 uM. However, co-administration of PAESe decreased the oxidative-mediated cytotoxicity of TBHP in a dose-dependent manner, but had limited to no effect on vincristine or DOX antitumor activity. Further, PAESe decreased the formation of intracellular ROS from TBHP and DOX in a dose-dependent manner. Histological examination showed PAESe decreased short-term DOX-mediated infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the myocardium and more chronic evidence of necrotic foci, suggesting PAESe decreased early and late myocardial damage following initial and prolonged DOX treatments, unlike other antioxidants. Concomitant administration of PAESe did not alter the antitumor activity of DOX in vivo, nor did it reduce treatment mediated weight-loss associated with DOX. These data suggest that PAESe may be used in combination with DOX to preserve its antitumor activity, but decrease free radical generation and cardiotoxicity associated with use of anthracyclines. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2751. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2751
Reducing the Incidence of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Buddha Basnyat
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters17 April 2007Reducing the Incidence of High-Altitude Pulmonary EdemaBuddha Basnyat, MS, MScBuddha Basnyat, MS, MScFrom Nepal International Clinic, Lal Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-8-200704170-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: The article by Maggiorini and colleagues (1) and its editorial (2) do not comment on the important mental side effects of dexamethasone, which may include euphoria and mental disorientation. These are potentially dangerous adverse side effects, especially if you are climbing a jagged edge or trekking in remote high-altitude mountain regions, and they deserve mention.Buddha Basnyat, MS, MScNepal International ClinicLal Durbar, Kathmandu, NepalReferences1. Maggiorini M, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Peth S, Fischler M, Böhm T, Bernheim A, et al. Both tadalafil and dexamethasone may reduce the incidence of high-altitude pulmonary edema: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:497-506. [PMID: 17015867] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Swenson ER. Hypoxic lung whiteout: further clearing but more questions from on high [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:550-2. [PMID: 17015875] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Nepal International Clinic, Lal Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBoth Tadalafil and Dexamethasone May Reduce the Incidence of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema Marco Maggiorini , Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca , Simon Peth , Manuel Fischler , Thomas Böhm , Alain Bernheim , Stefanie Kiencke , Konrad E. Bloch , Christoph Dehnert , Robert Naeije , Thomas Lehmann , Peter Bärtsch , and Heimo Mairbäurl Hypoxic Lung Whiteout: Further Clearing but More Questions from on High Erik R. Swenson Reducing the Incidence of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema Marco Maggiorini and Heimo Mairbäurl Reducing the Incidence of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema Matiram Pun and Laxmi V. Ghimire Metrics 17 April 2007Volume 146, Issue 8Page: 613KeywordsClimbingConflicts of interestEdema ePublished: 17 April 2007 Issue Published: 17 April 2007 CopyrightCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF DRUG-ELUTING STENTS VERSUS BARE METAL STENTS IN LARGE CORONARY ARTERIES: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Tejaskumar M. Shah, Mukesh Singh, Rachit Shah, Rohit Bhuriya, Param Singh, Vamsi Kodumuri, Sandeep Khosla, Rohit Arora
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)