tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nephrotic syndrome in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Authors: G Contreras, A Mercado, V Pardo, C A Vaamonde
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

Urinary protein excretion is generally less than 1 g/24 h in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and the association of the nephrotic syndrome with this condition is considered rare. A patient with ADPKD associated with nephrotic-range proteinuria is described. She exhibited a relatively rapid impairment of her renal function. An open renal biopsy revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FGS) with features consistent with secondary FGS. Twenty-one patients with ADPKD and nephrotic syndrome were retrieved from the literature. Fourteen of them (including this case) had a histopathologic evaluation, and FGS was the dominant diagnoses (five patients). Next in frequency were minimal-change disease and membranous nephropathy, with two patients each. Five other patients had a variety of diagnoses. Thus, it is difficult to ascertain if these associations are coincidental or represent a specific pathogenetic relationship. The evaluation of the data also suggests that the presence of proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome accelerates the course of ADPKD toward ESRD.
Inducible Macrophage Cytotoxins. I. Biokinetics of Activation and Release In Vitro&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Thomas H. Reidarson, Walter E. Levy, Jim Klostergaard, Gale A. Granger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Peritoneal exudate macrophage monolayers (PEMM) from C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice inoculated ip with tumor allografts were induced to release in vitro labile cell toxin(s), herein called "macrophage cytotoxin(s)" (MCT). Macrophages released MCT spontaneously for a short interval when initially established as monolayers, and they were reinduced to secrete MCT by exposure to allogeneic and syngeneic tumor cells (but not to normal cells) and by exposure to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I . poly C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PEMM from normal mice treated ip 3 days previously with thioglycollate were also induced to release toxins in vitro. These cells did not release MCT spontaneously before or after treatment with neoplastic cells but were induced to release MCT by exposure to poly I . poly C or LPS. Resident peritoneal macrophages did not release MCT either spontaneously or after treatment with tumor cells, poly I . poly C, or LPS. MCT released from alloimmune mice stimulated with syngeneic or allogeneic tumor cells were resolved by molecular sieving into a major peak at 140,000--160,000 daltons, called "alpha-MCT," and into a minor peak at 60,000 daltons, called "beta-MCT." However, supernatants from thioglycollate-induced PEMM, stimulated with poly I . poly C or LPS, appeared to be composed entirely of the alpha-class. alpha-MCT from poly I . poly C-stimulated PEMM caused 31--56% lysis of syngeneic EL-4 and allogeneic L-929, NS-1, and YAC-1 tumor cells in vitro but was not cytotoxic for normal cells. Secretion of the MCT by PEMM derived from thioglycollate-treated animals stimulated with poly I . poly C was inhibited by colchicine, emetine, iodoacetic acid, trypan blue, and cytochalasin B.
Cardiopulmonary stress test: Desterminations of oxygen consumption, power and cardiac variables at ventilatory threshold. Correlation with values at maximal exercise in COPD
Authors: Iván Caviedes, Rodrigo Soto, Paulina Gόmez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  In normal individuals a direct correlation exists between Oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) and Power (W) measured at ventilatory threshold (AT) and maximal exercise (ME).   Purpose:  To simplify cardiopulmonary stress test in COPD patients, demonstrating correlation of Oxygen, Power and Cardiac variables at AT and ME.   Methods:  Prospective study of 44 COPD patients, mean age 63, mean FEV1 73.2%, mean FEV1/FVC 63.6% and mean DCO 56% of predicted. Cardiopulmonary stress test was performed calculating W, VO 2 , HR, VO 2 /HR, ΔVO 2/ /ΔW and reduction in Inspiratory Capacity (IC). Lineal regression was calculated between values at AT and ME.   Results:  Patients ended the test due to dyspnea (Borg 5), reduction of Breathing reserve and IC (17%, -0.33L respectively). Mean Wmax, VO 2 max and AT of 74%, 85% and 50% of predicted respectively. Close correlation was demonstrated between VO 2  and Power measured at AT and ME (r: 0.7 and 0.7 respectively), and between maximal HR and VO 2 /HR (r: 0.7 and 0.8 respectively).   Conclusions:  A straight correlation was demonstrated in Oxygen, Power and Cardiac variables measured at AT and ME in COPD patients. The duration, effort and risks of Cardiopulmonary stress test may be reduced by the approach to measure Oxygen, Power and Cardiac variables at AT.
Use of prognostic indicators to identify patients with end stage COPD: A survey of South-West (SW) England clinicians
Authors: Marianne Tinkler, Mark Gillam, Tobenna Onyirioha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The application of prognostic indicators to identify COPD patients approaching end of life is recommended in UK NICE Quality Standards. Identification facilitates advanced care planning. The extent to which clinicians apply or appreciate these indicators is unclear.  A questionnaire was sent to 185 West Country Chest Society (WCCS) members. on their use of prognostic indicators.  Response rate was 30% (55/185). 53% consultants, 32% SpR’s, 8% COPD Nurses, & 6% GP’s.  92% felt they had sufficient experience to identify end stage disease, 22% thought they did this well. Time limited 61%. 93% felt experienced & capable to have end of life discussions.  There were wide differences in the value respondents placed upon indicators: 57% considered predicted FEV1   Psychological/social impacts of disease were assessed respectively by 29%/37% (“always”) and 51%/59% (“often”).  DISCUSSION  There is variable use of prognostic indicators. Reasons may reflect individual clinician’s learning requirements, experience or confidence in the indicators themselves and further study is needed to understand the specific causes for the variable approach and the constraints time places upon this important aspect of care.
Recognition and Treatment of Abdominal Wall Pain
Authors: N C Gallegos, M Hobsley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1989)

In some patients with abdominal pain, the source of the pain may be the abdominal wall. A simple test is described which allows these patients to be identified and treated with injections of local anaesthetic and steroid. Twenty-six patients were studied, 20 of whom were available for follow-up. Sixteen of these 20 were symptom free or improved at a median follow-up period of 29 months. Failure to recognize abdominal wall pain may lead to unnecessary investigation.
Physical Activity and Successful Aging
Authors: David Hupin, Frédéric Roche, Pascal Edouard
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Modeling correction of severe urea cycle defects in the growing murine liver using a hybrid recombinant adeno‐associated virus/piggyBac transposase gene delivery system
Authors: Sharon C. Cunningham, Susan M. Siew, Claus V. Hallwirth, Christine Bolitho, Natsuki Sasaki, Gagan Garg, Iacovos P. Michael, Nicola A. Hetherington, Kevin Carpenter, Gustavo de Alencastro, Andras Nagy, Ian E. Alexander
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Liver-targeted gene therapy based on recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) shows promising therapeutic efficacy in animal models and adult-focused clinical trials. This promise, however, is not directly translatable to the growing liver, where high rates of hepatocellular proliferation are accompanied by loss of episomal rAAV genomes and subsequently a loss in therapeutic efficacy. We have developed a hybrid rAAV/piggyBac transposon vector system combining the highly efficient liver-targeting properties of rAAV with stable piggyBac-mediated transposition of the transgene into the hepatocyte genome. Transposition efficiency was first tested using an enhanced green fluorescent protein expression cassette following delivery to newborn wild-type mice, with a 20-fold increase in stably gene-modified hepatocytes observed 4 weeks posttreatment compared to traditional rAAV gene delivery. We next modeled the therapeutic potential of the system in the context of severe urea cycle defects. A single treatment in the perinatal period was sufficient to confer robust and stable phenotype correction in the ornithine transcarbamylase-deficient Spf(ash) mouse and the neonatal lethal argininosuccinate synthetase knockout mouse. Finally, transposon integration patterns were analyzed, revealing 127,386 unique integration sites which conformed to previously published piggyBac data.Using a hybrid rAAV/piggyBac transposon vector system, we achieved stable therapeutic protection in two urea cycle defect mouse models; a clinically conceivable early application of this technology in the management of severe urea cycle defects could be as a bridging therapy while awaiting liver transplantation; further improvement of the system will result from the development of highly human liver-tropic capsids, the use of alternative strategies to achieve transient transposase expression, and engineered refinements in the safety profile of piggyBac transposase-mediated integration.
Clinical relevance of cagA and vacA gene polymorphisms in Helicobacter pylori isolates from Senegalese patients
Authors: S. Breurec, R. Michel, A. Seck, S. Brisse, D. Côme, F.B. Dieye, B. Garin, M. Huerre, M. Mbengue, C. Fall, D.N. Sgouras, J.M. Thiberge, D. Dia, J. Raymond
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Abstract P029: Associations between Weight Loss and Regain and Metabolic Measures in Obese Adults: Results from a 24-Month Behavioral Weight Loss Trial
Authors: Erica J Ambeba, Mindi A Styn, Maria M Brooks, Rhobert W Evans, Lora E Burke
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Obesity is linked to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Weight loss achieved by lifestyle modification could improve insulin sensitivity (IS). However, weight loss is difficult to maintain, and individuals often weight cycle, potentially placing them at greater risk for adverse health outcomes. Objective: The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine how long-term changes in weight are associated with changes in factors related to the development of diabetes (IR and IS) among obese adults enrolled in a 24-month behavioral weight loss trial. Methods: The sample (N=66) included non-diabetic adults who lost and regained at least 10 lbs during the 24-month trial. All participants received standard behavioral weight loss treatment during the first 18 months. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. IR was assessed using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), and IS was assessed using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check for insulin sensitivity (QUICKI). Linear mixed modeling was used to examine the association between % changes in weight and % changes in fasting insulin, HOMA, and QUICKI. All models were adjusted for time, age, gender, race, % change in energy intake, and % change in physical activity. Results: The sample was 80% female and 86% White. At baseline, the mean (±SD) values were: age, 48.4±7.4 years; BMI, 34.5±4.4 kg/m 2 ; energy intake, 2176.8±603.8 kcal/day; physical activity, 11.4±13.6 MET- hr/week; plasma insulin, 16.9±6.0 μU/mL; HOMA, 4.1±1.7; and QUICKI, 0.3±.02. On average, compared to baseline, participants experienced an 11% decrease in weight (p&lt;.0001), a 9% decrease in insulin (p=.004), a 10% decrease in HOMA (p=.01), and a 2% increase in QUICKI (p=.0003) at 6 months. Following 6-month weight loss, an average of 8.4% weight was regained by 24 months (p&lt;.0001), and the positive changes observed in the other measures were partially reversed, e.g., a 19% increase in insulin (p=.001), a 26% increase in HOMA (p=.001), and a 2% decrease in QUICKI (p=.0002). Overall, weight change was positively associated with changes in insulin [b(se)=0.5(0.1), p≤.0001] and HOMA [b(se)=0.8(0.2), p≤.0001], and negatively associated with a change in QUICKI [b(se)= -0.2(0.1), p≤.0001]. Conclusion: In this unique sample of participants who weight cycled during a 24-month trial, weight loss improved metabolic outcomes; however, this was partially attenuated when weight was regained. These results reveal the effects of changes in weight on metabolic outcomes and highlight the importance of sustaining healthy lifestyle changes that support weight loss maintenance and improved metabolic outcomes.
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in Germany: a Multi-Institutional Registry Study with Prospective Follow Up on 450 Patients
Authors: Samer Ezziddin, Dieter Hörsch, Alexander Haug, Klaus Gratz, Simone Dunkelmann, Bernd Krause, Matthias Miederer, Hans-Jürgen Biersack, Gabriele Pöpperl, Richard Baum
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Elevated thyroglobulin levels and negative I-131 whole body scans: Six-year experience in United Arab Emirate
Authors: A. Uttamchandani, A. M. Maarraoui, N. M. Attia, H. A. Latif, M. A. Bakir, R. M. Hanif, Z. J. Siddiqui, A. C. Ashruth, Y. Zachariyah, L. A. Morris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

16508 Purpose: This is a retrospective study of thyroid cancer patients seen at Oncology Department at Mafraq Hospital/UAE from 1/1999 to 12/2005. Clinical data, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes were studied, special emphasis was put on patients with elevated Serum Thyroglobulin (TG) and negative I-131 whole body scans. Patients and Methods: Total of 144 patients were fully evaluated, intent to treat analysis was used. All patients were treated surgically and post-op thyroid technician 99 scan were performed. I-131 ablation was given if the tumor size was =1 cm or if =1 cm (micropapillary) and multi-focal. Post ablation scan was done on day 10 and thyroxin was given in suppressive doses. Periodic evaluations were done with TG level, I-131 whole body scan, neck US and CXR. Plain CT scans and PET scans were done in selected cases. Results: Male to female ratio 1:2.42, non-smokers were 90%, non-alcoholics were 99%, Diabetes and Hypertension were associated in 28% of cases, family history of thyroid cancer was noted in 8%, papillary carcinoma was seen in 85.8%, follicular cancer in 11.6%, hurthel cell cancer in 0.83% and medullary cancer in 0.17%. Vascular and lymphatic invasion was noted in 29% of all cases. Interesting all patients with vascular or lymphatic invasion relapsed locally or distantly. Post-operative thyroid scan showed residual thyroid tissue in 96% of cases. During follow up TG levels (cut off 5.0 ng/ml) were elevated in 52 patients (37% cohort). Diagnostic I-131 scans were done in 36 patients and were positive in 24 patients (67%) and negative in 12 patients (33%). In the 12 patient group of research interest with elevated TG and negative I-131 whole body scans, 9 received high dose I-131 therapy. Of these patients 8 (88%) showed positive post therapy scan and 1 (12%) showed negative post therapy scan. Conclusion: 1. TG is more sensitive marker than diagnostic I-131 scan in making treatment decisions. 2. Lympho vascular invasion has adverse prognostic value. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Smoking prevalence and willingness to quit in newly screened Danish patients diagnosed with airway obstruction
Authors: Jens Dollerup, Peter Bo Poulsen, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Anders Løkke, Jens Holt, Jørn Løkke Jensen, Klaus Kaa Andersen, Ronald Dahl
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  436,000 Danes have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with one third diagnosed. 80-90% is tobacco related. Smoking cessation (SC) initiatives is primary intervention managing COPD. The Danish National Board of Health (NBH) recommends early detection of COPD focusing on: Age above 35 years. At least one pulmonary symptom. Smokers/ex-smokers or occupational exposure.   Aims and objectives:  To evaluate the smoking prevalence and willingness to quit smoking in a population of newly diagnosed patients with airway obstruction in primary care in Denmark.   Methods:  Following the recommendations by the NBH, participating GPs (n=335; 10% of Danish GPs) offered consecutively spirometry to patients with no previous diagnosis of obstructivity. Demographic, spirometry, smoking status, smoking history and willingness to quit was recorded. The population indicated having COPD, was assed as to smoking status and smoking cessation initiatives.   Results:  3498 patients had spirometry, 1295 patients (37%, 61 years, 48% females) diagnosed with obstructivity (FEV 1 /FVC   Indicated COPD severity and willingness to quit was not correlated.   Conclusions:  Many patients identified with airway obstruction, indicating COPD, are current smokers. There is willingness to quit smoking, but only a few intend to initiate SC immediately, though guidelines recommend smoking cessation as primary intervention.
Medicine in 2055
Authors: Paul B. Rothman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Good morning, and thank you all for being here today. It’s a true honor to address this esteemed group and to follow in the footsteps of so many outstanding leaders in academic medicine who have delivered this address over the past 130 years.

Before I begin, I wanted to note how privileged I have felt over the years to work with so many outstanding people in our field. I sometimes worry we lose sight of the talent and commitment of those around us. There are few, if any, other fields that we would be surrounded by those whose lives are committed to improving the lives of the world around us and are willing to work countless hours to achieve this goal.

In planning today’s talk, I took some time to listen to past AAP presidential speeches and found them informative and refreshingly varied. The talks that I found most engrossing were those that took a somewhat narrow theme — the practice of humanistic medicine or communicating about science to the public — and really delved into the nuances of the issue with telling data points and smart insights. Well, today I am going to do the opposite of that.

No, I don’t mean that the talk will be insight-free, although I can’t make any promises! Instead of carving out a focused, manageable theme, I’ve decided to tackle the “big picture.” The stated purpose of the AAP is “the advancement of scientific and practical medicine” (1). So I thought, why not assess “the advancement of scientific and practical medicine” — both in terms of how far we’ve come and where we may be going in the future.

It seemed a tad ambitious to start at the very beginning of modern medicine, so instead, I’ll go back to the early days of my own career. I’ll start by touching on a few of the major triumphs I’ve had the pleasure of witnessing over the past 40 years of biomedical science — areas where discovery has revolutionized clinical practice. Then, I’ll spotlight some of the current advances being driven by academic medical centers around the country in our collective quest to eradicate disease and help people around the globe lead longer, healthier lives. Finally, I’ll look ahead to the next 10–20 years. Today’s scientists are making staggering progress in many disease areas, but I’m going to focus on just a handful of conditions that are being dramatically changed through new technologies, new discoveries, and emerging treatment options — areas where I truly believe we will be able to offer new hope for patients over the next decade or two. For this portion of the talk, I asked all of my department chairs at Johns Hopkins Medicine to weigh in, so the predictions reflect their views as well as my own.

Finally, when it comes to the pursuit of cures, we are in the midst of an era of unprecedented opportunities in science, but we’re also butting up against unprecedented challenges in the environment for doing science. I’ll spend a little time addressing these barriers to innovation and what we can do to overcome them.
Effects of Oxygen Concentration on Carcinogenesis Induced by Transplacental Exposure to Urethan
Authors: Joseph A. DiPaolo
Journal: Cancer Research (1962)

Summary  The incidence of lung tumors was studied in hyperoxic and hypoxic pregnant A mice given injections intravenously of 25 mg. of urethan, and in their offspring. Among progeny born within 24 hours after their mothers received urethan, those born in an environment of approximately 100 per cent or 10 per cent O 2  developed a significantly greater number of pulmonary tumors than did controls born in room air. The average number of tumors decreased significantly in all progeny from mothers given injections earlier than 24 hours prepartum. Myeloid leukemia and extramedullary hematopoiesis were also induced or potentiated by urethan. Mothers in all groups had more pulmonary tumors than their offspring had; 48-hour exposure resulted in an increased average number for mothers kept hyperoxic, as compared with those kept hypoxic or in room air. Mothers in all three groups developed a high incidence of mammary carcinomas.
Serial Coronary CT Angiography–Verified Changes in Plaque Characteristics as an End Point
Authors: Kaori Inoue, Sadako Motoyama, Masayoshi Sarai, Takahisa Sato, Hiroto Harigaya, Tomonori Hara, Yoshihiro Sanda, Hirofumi Anno, Takeshi Kondo, Nathan D. Wong, Jagat Narula, Yukio Ozaki
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Forced expiratory time (FET) as an indicator for airways obstruction
Authors: Richard Glover, Brendan Cooper, Julie Lloyd
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction :Diagnostic spirometry requires a complex, calibrated device and expertise to measure and interpret. In poor health economies, an alternate test may be useful to screen for airways obstruction (AO).   Aim :To validate FET against the gold standard indicator for AO (FEV 1 /FVC   Methods :296 valid 2  spirometry results were analysed [M:F, 149:147; Mean Age:67]. Spirometry was measured using NSpire CPL (CO, USA) and GLI (2012) were used to define normality. Data was divided into gender; subsequently, obstructive (FEV 1 /FVC   Results:  Tables 1 & 2 display FET relative to the spirometric patterns obtained.  FET was significantly higher in AO [M, p= 11s(M) and >9.5s(F) indicates AO; sensitivity/specificity was 77.3%/70.2%. Of 22 subjects with AO(FEV 1 /FVC   Conclusion :FET is generally elevated in AO, but in subjects that do not achieve V/T related EOT criteria, FET is a poor indicator for AO. FET is a product of forced expiratory flow rate, VC and the subject9s capability; this last factor limits the clinical utility of FET when screening for AO.   References     1 Quanjer,   et al.  ERJ  2012; 40 :1324-43    2 Miller,  et al .  ERJ  2005 ;  26 :319-338.