tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multy-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina during ten years
Authors: Aida Ustamujic, Hasan Zutic, Zehra Dizdarevic, Vesna Cukic, Irma Sladic, Jasminka Maglajlic, M. Osmic, Jasmina Abazovic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) defined as TB caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin.  The aim of this paper was to describe the resistance patterns of MDR-TB in FBH previously treated 121) in 2000;1184 (1054;129) in 2001; 1036 (936;100) in 2002; 1042 (951;91) in 2003; 1125 (1048; 77) in 2004; 769 (692;77) in 2005; 908 (827;81) in 2006; 951 (847;104) in 2007; 518 (471;47) in 2008; 581 (529;52) in 2009.  MDR-TB among never-treated cases: 1 (0.11%) in 2000; 2 (0.19%) in 2001; 4 (0.42%) in 2002; 1 (0.10%) in 2003; 4 (0.38%) in 2004; 4 (0.57%) in 2005; 2 (0.24%) in 2006; 7 (0.82%) in 2007; 3 (0.63%) in 2008; 0 (0.0%) in 2009.  MDR-TB among previously-treated cases: 2 (1.65%) in 2000; 7 (5.42%) in 2001; 9 (9.0%) in 2002; 1 (1.09%) in 2003; 6 (7.79%) in 2004; 5 (6.49%) in 2005; 3 (3.70%) in 2006; 10 (9.61%) in 2007; 9 (19.14%) in 2008; 1 (1.92%) in 2009.   Conclusion:  Data from FB&H show relatively low prevalences of MDR-TB during ten years.The prevalence of MDR-TB remains low at 0.57% - 0.82% among newly detected cases and 9.61% - 19.14% among previously detected cases.Recent data also indicate a further desrease in MDR-TB. This decrease may likely be the result of well implemented DOTS.Establishing reference laboratory facilities with adequate capacity to supervise DST and surveillance activities in the country is a critical step in MDR-TB control and care.
Effect of Total-Body X Radiation from Near-Threshold to Tissue-Lethal Doses on Small-Bowel Epithelium of the Rat. I. Changes in Morphology and Rate of Cell Division in Relation to Time and Dose
Authors: R.B. Williams, J.N. Toal, J. White, H.M. Carpenter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Effect of Total-Body X Radiation from Near-Threshold to Tissue-Lethal Doses on Small-Bowel Epithelium of the Rat. I. Changes in Morphology and Rate of Cell Division in Relation to Time and Dose Get access R. Bland Williams, Jr., R. Bland Williams, Jr. Pathology Division, Naval Medical Research Institute,3 and Laboratory of Physiology, National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jane Nicolet Toal, Jane Nicolet Toal Pathology Division, Naval Medical Research Institute,3 and Laboratory of Physiology, National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Julius White, Julius White Pathology Division, Naval Medical Research Institute,3 and Laboratory of Physiology, National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harry M. Carpenter Harry M. Carpenter Pathology Division, Naval Medical Research Institute,3 and Laboratory of Physiology, National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 21, Issue 1, July 1958, Pages 17–61, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/21.1.17 Published: 01 July 1958 Article history Received: 14 November 1957 Published: 01 July 1958
Abstract 1017: Moderate vs Low Fat Diet Effects on Lipids and Inflammation in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Pathmaja Paramsothy, Eric V Krieger, Elizabeth Chan, Brian Fish, Alice Dowdy, Robert H Knopp
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: The optimal diet for people with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not known. We assessed the impact of a 40en% fat & 45en% carbohydrate diet (Moderate Fat Diet= MF) vs. a 20en% fat & 65en% carbohydrate diet (Low Fat Diet= LF) on lipids and inflammation. Both diets had 8% saturated fat. Methods: We enrolled 71 men and women with MetS in a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over feeding trial to evaluate MF vs. LF diet at constant body weight. Primary outcomes included non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) change from baseline. Participants underwent each study diet for 4 weeks. They also underwent an 8 week NCEP Step 1 diet prior to randomization and for 4 weeks between MF and LF diets. 64 participants completed both diets. Other outcomes included LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides. Linear mixed models which accounts for repeated measures were fitted to evaluate the effect of each diet on outcomes. Results: The mean age was 54±8 yrs. 52% were women. Mean waist...
Extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the treatment of severe steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease: a pilot study
Authors: Hildegard T. Greinix, Beatrix Volc-Platzer, Peter Kalhs, Gottfried Fischer, Agatha Rosenmayr, Felix Keil, Hubert Hönigsmann, Robert M. Knobler
Journal: Blood (2000)
Common Epithelial Cancer of the Ovary
Authors: George S. Richardson, Robert E. Scully, Najamosama Nikrui, James H. Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Adjuvant Radiotherapy and ChemotherapyIt is widely recognized that there is a group of patients for whom no treatment is indicated beyond total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.28, 109 110 111 112 113 Some investigators would restrict this limited-treatment group to patients with borderline or Grade 1, Stage Ia(1) tumors.112 Other descriptions of this category have been less precise: "early-stage mucinous and endometrioid carcinomas without ascites and of high differentiation grade should not be admitted to trials that include adjuvant chemotherapy"113; "In stage I tumors of borderline malignancy and Grade I or II serous, mucinous, or endometrioid carcinoma, no postoperative therapy is needed unless ascites . . .
Abstract 4388: Targeted VHL activation by RNAa inhibits renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Jong Soon Kang, Moo Rim Kang, Jieun Yun, Soo Jin Oh, Ki Hwan Park, Chang Woo Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) is a tumor suppressor protein classically known to target the α subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) for proteasomal degradation. Emerging evidence has underscored a novel role for VHL in both cell cycle regulation and extracelluar matrix assembly. Recent studies have reported that chemically synthesized small duplex RNAs complementary to target promoter sequence, also known as small activating RNA (saRNA), can specifically induce gene expression in cancer cells, which might be associated with epigenetic changes and exhibited long-lasting gene activation for nearly 2 weeks. In the present study, we designed 5 candidate dsRNAs (dsVHL-58, dsVHL-93, dsVHL-395, dsVHL-515 and dsVHL-675) targeted for the VHL promoter at sites ranging from -675 to -58 relative to the transcription start site. Compared with controls, dsVHL-675 induced VHL expression by approximately 10-fold in renal cell carcinoma 769-P (VHL methylated) cells. Transfection of a dsVHL-675 into 769-P cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation in dose dependent manner. In addition, single transfection of dsVHL-675 induced VHL gene expression for 14 days. Functional analysis of dsVHL-675 transfected cells revealed that dsVHL-675 induced apoptosis by activating caspase 3 in dose dependent manner. Knockdown experiments confirmed that induction of apoptosis by dsVHL-675 required Ago2 and TNRC6A. This study suggests that targeted activation of VHL by dsVHL-675 may be explored as a novel therapy for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Citation Format: Jong Soon Kang, Moo Rim Kang, Jieun Yun, Soo Jin Oh, Ki Hwan Park, Chang Woo Lee. Targeted VHL activation by RNAa inhibits renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4388. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4388
Nuclear localization of GDF5
Authors: Jonathan Hansen, J. Jensen, Daniel Sperry, Jenny Felin, Laura Bridgewater
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

3732 

Growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-s) superfamily, and are involved in embryonic skeletal development and adult tissue homeostasis. Growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF5, also known as cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-1 (CDMP1) and bone morphogenetic protein-14 (BMP14)) plays an integral role in promoting osteogenesis and chondrogenesis and is involved in cellular proliferation. GDF5 has been traditionally categorized as an extracellular signaling protein that functions through a SMAD-dependent signaling pathway. Recent work in our laboratory, however, has demonstrated that two other members of the TGF-s superfamily, Bmp2 and Bmp4, exist as nuclear variants as well as conventional secreted growth factors. We examined GDF5 to see if it can also localize to the nucleus. Immunohistochemical staining with an antibody against GDF5 revealed that endogenous GDF5 is localized to the nuclei of both 10T1/2 mesenchymal cells and BALB/3T3 fibroblasts. Nuclear localization of GDF5 was dependent on a bipartite nuclear localization signal that overlaps the site at which GDF5 is cleaved to release the propeptide, suggesting that the nuclear variant of GDF5, like Bmp2 and Bmp4, is an uncleaved proprotein.
The associations between the adult asthma, central obesity and gene polymorphisms and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase
Authors: Ru-Ling Hsiao, Li-Ling Yang, Teng-Hui Huang, Tsu-Yu Yuan, Tsu-Nai Wang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Adult asthma is caused by interaction effects of genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have indicated that obesity may increase the risk asthma. Therefore, our study objectives were to investigate the association between asthma and the polymorphisms of SOD or CAT, especially in central obesity.

Materials and methods: A case-control study was performed to recruit 250 asthmatic adults from a hospital and 250 age and sex-matched controls who were free from symptoms of asthma, COPD, TB, and chronic bronchitis by self-report. All subjects completed a questionnaire, waist and hip circumference measurement and lung function test were performed. Central obesity was defined as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) >0.95 for males and >0.85 for females. We also analyzed genotyping of SOD gene Ala16Val and CAT gene C-262T.

Result: In our study, we did not find any significant association between the SOD Ala16Val and CAT C-262T and asthma. The WHR of asthmatic patients was significantly higher than the controls. The activities of SOD and CAT in new onset asthma patients were significantly different from control subjects (p<0.01). Compared with non-obesity and SOD AG/GG genotype, we found that the AOR value for obesity and SOD GG genotype is 2.68 (95%CI, 1.30-5.55).

Conclusion: The activities of SOD and CAT are significantly related to adult asthma but not for central obesity. This would enable us to further investigate the mechanism of defective antioxidant enzymes for asthma pathogenesis.
Soundings: Towards the cessation of smoking
Authors: Imre Loefler
Journal: BMJ (2003)

This filthy habit causes much havoc to the human body: there is hardly an organ that is not affected by nicotine and the harmful substances attendant on the burning of the obnoxious weed.

Smokers have been shown to be more prone to cancers and degenerative diseases than non-smokers. Men who smoke produce inferior sperm. Infants born to women who smoke are small and frail. The milk of mothers who smoke is poisonous.

Passive smoking has been shown to be almost as dangerous as active smoking. Research has produced evidence to show that smoke wafting towards passengers sitting in the non-smoking section of airliners is a greater risk than hijacking or a crash. Tobacco smoke in the waiting area of an office building represents a greater peril to the public than do the decisions made by the people working inside those buildings.

The relationship between smoking and aesthetics has been inadequately explored. Not only is the globe covered with cigarette butts, and not only are ceilings, walls, and curtains discoloured, but smoking causes wrinkles, sagging of the breasts and buttocks, staining of the fingers and teeth, fetid breath, and a husky voice.

The environmental impact of smoking is colossal: the contribution of smokers to acid rain, the dying of forests, the melting of polar ice caps, and the subsequent inundation of low lying land is catastrophic.

Analysis of the writings of Mann, Camus, or Orwell has shown that their stylistic shortcomings were tobacco induced.

The economic consequences of the cessation of tobacco smoking will be multifarious. Tobacco growing countries will suffer severe but only temporary losses: they will switch to the production of cannabis, cocaine, and heroin.

Governments, having grown accustomed to tax revenues from tobacco—imposed under the pretence of curbing consumption—will recover their fiscal losses by legalising and taxing soft and hard drugs.

On the day that smoking, at least in the Western world, has been vanquished, we shall be able to turn our attention to another health risk: sugar. We should begin by eschewing chocolate, candy, and ice cream: ban munching and licking!
Impact of the source of hematopoietic stem cell in unrelated transplants: Comparison between 10/10, 9/10‐<scp>HLA</scp>matched donors and cord blood
Authors: Clémence Granier, Lucie Biard, Emeline Masson, Raphaël Porcher, Régis Peffault de Latour, Marie Robin, Nicolas Boissel, Alienor Xhaard, Patricia Ribaud, Etienne Lengline, Jérôme Larghero, Dominique Charron, Pascale Loiseau, Gérard Socié, Nathalie Dhédin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

In absence of available matched-related or unrelated donor (MUD), mismatched unrelated donors (MMUD) and unrelated cord blood (UCB) are both considered to be suitable donors, with similar post-transplant overall survival. In most of these retrospective comparisons, HLA typing of adult donors was performed at eight loci. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of patients transplanted from UCB (N = 64) with those transplanted from 9/10-HLA MMUD (N = 84) or 10/10-HLA MUD (N = 196). In multivariate analysis, UCB was associated with less Grade II-IV acute GVHD in comparison with MUD (aHR 1.97, 95% CI 1.19-3.27, P = 0.009) and MMUD transplants (aHR 1.79, 95% CI 1.02-3.15, P = 0.042), while the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was not significantly different between the three groups. Overall survival (OS), non-relapse mortality, and relapse were not different between MMUD and UCB transplantation, whereas OS was impaired after UCB in comparison with MUD (aHR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43-0.99, P = 0.043). Factors also impacting OS were the donor/recipient CMV serostatus (Donor-/Recipient+ aHR 1.76, 95% CI 1.23-2.52, P = 0.002 compared with D-/R-), the donor/recipient gender combination (Female/Male versus other combinations aHR 1.57, 95% CI 1.11-2.22, P = 0.012) and disease risk (aHR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05-2.38, P = 0.027 for high vs. low risk disease). Our data confirm that UCB and 9/10-HLA MMUD are both relevant alternative options when no 10/10-HLA donor is available. Donor/recipient gender combination and CMV serostatus had a significant impact on survival and may be taken into account, along with donor type, in the setting of MMUD and UCB transplants.
Abstract 967: A novel regulator of Wnt-signaling in colorectal cancer
Authors: Johannes Betge, Oksana Voloshanenko, Gerrit Erdmann, Kubilay Demir, Matthias P. Ebert, Michael Boutros
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Active Wnt signaling is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). Alterations in Wnt pathway components activate the pathway and thereby initiate and drive carcinogenesis. Recent efforts have aimed at a comprehensive structural characterization of the genomes of a variety of cancer types including colorectal cancer. The function of many altered genes, however, is still elusive. Methods: We used an integrative genomics approach, combining functional genomic data from a genome-wide RNAi screen for Wnt-regulators in colon cancer cells and structural genomic data to identify novel oncogenes in CRC that regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Candidates were validated and characterized in vitro with molecular biologic- and biochemical assays and in silico with bioinformatic analyses. Results: Synovial sarcoma translocation gene on chromosome 18-like 1 (SS18L1) is a homolog of the synovial sarcoma driving translocation gene SS18. It was one of the top hits in the genome-wide RNAi screen and it showed significant gene amplifications (8%) and mRNA upregulation (35%) in the TCGA CRC cohort. Silencing of SS18L1 in CRC cells led to decreased TCF4/Wnt-reporter luciferase activity and decreased levels of canonical target gene AXIN2 in qPCR and Western analyses. GFP-tagged SS18L1 was localized nuclear, suggesting involvement in transcriptional regulation by β-catenin. Indeed, we found interaction of SS18L1 with β-catenin and TCF4, as well as with known interacting proteins CBP and p300 by co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, interaction of SS18L1 with β-catenin deletion mutants indicated binding of SS18L1 to β-catenin. Copy number of the SS18L1 gene in the CRC cohort of TCGA was positively correlated with RNA expression levels of the gene. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in SS18L1 overexpressing tumors showed enrichment of Wnt-pathway related genes. Conclusions: Our data suggests that SS18L1 regulates Wnt-signaling by interacting with the complex of β-catenin, TCF4 and CBP/p300. Gene copy number gains and increased mRNA expression levels are detected in CRC. SS18L1 may act as an oncogene in CRC enhancing cell proliferation. Citation Format: Johannes Betge, Oksana Voloshanenko, Gerrit Erdmann, Kubilay Demir, Matthias P. Ebert, Michael Boutros. A novel regulator of Wnt-signaling in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 967. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-967
Characteristics and outcome of patients with pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension who were drained for tamponade: A monocentric study
Authors: Elise Artaud-Macari, David Montani, Olaf Mercier, Romain Persichini, Sven Gunther, Xavier Jais, Florence Parent, Marc Humbert, Gerald Simonneau, Olivier Sitbon, Laurent Savale
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Pericardial effusion is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Management of tamponade is not validated in these patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the outcome of patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) who underwent pericardocentesis.

Methods: Between 2005 and 2012, records of patients with PH who were drained for tamponade were retrospectively studied.

Results: Thirteen patients (9 females), age 53±13.7 years (mean±SD), were included. Five patients had idiopathic PAH, 5 systemic sclerosis-associated PAH, 2 inoperable chronic thromboembolic PH and 1 pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Last hemodynamic assessment performed 1 day – 26 months prior tamponade occurence showed mean PAP 48±17 mmHg and PVR 7.9±5.2WU. The volume of pericardial fluid drained was 0.8±0.5 L. During the peri-operative period, 9/13 patients received either dobutamine and/or norepinephrine. After drainage, 3 patients died during the following month, 2 after 4 and 5 months, and 1 underwent lung transplantation (LT) after 2 weeks. Compared to patients who survived, those who died or underwent LT tended to have more severe hemodynamic parameters before occurrence of tamponade (mPAP 58 vs 37mmHg, NS; PVR 9.01 vs 6.9WU, NS). In addition, a majority of those patients were treated with prostanoids (4/6 vs 1/7, NS) before tamponade occurrence.

Conclusion: Pericardocentesis for tamponade leads to a high mortality rate in patients with severe PH. These patients should be referred in expert centers and treatment intensification of PH should be considered, including LT whenever possible.
A randomized phase II trial of gemcitabine plus treosulfan versus treosulfan alone in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma
Authors: A. H. Schmittel, M. Schmidt-Hieber, N. E. Bechrakis, R. Schuster, J. M. Siehl, M. H. Foerster, E. Thiel, U. Keilholz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

8018 Background: In-vitro studies have suggested synergy of gemcitabine and treosulfan against uveal melanoma cells, and the combination of both drugs in the GeT regimen has shown activity in metastatic uveal melanoma patients. This first randomized phase II trial in this rare disease compared the efficacy of the gemcitabine/treosulfan (GeT) combination versus treosulfan alone. Methods: Chemotherapy-naïve patients with proven metastatic uveal melanoma were randomly assigned to receive 1000mg/m 2 gemcitabine plus 3500mg/m 2 of treosulfan (GeT) or 3500mg/m 2 of treosulfan (T) alone. Chemotherapy was administered on days 1 and 8 in both arms, cycles were repeated on day 29. In the absence of disease progression a maximum of 6 cycles were administered. Results: Forty-eight patients were randomized. Seven confirmed stable diseases and one partial remission were observed in 24 patients (PR+SD=33%) treated with the GeT regimen, whereas no PR and only 3 SD (13%) were observed in the treosulfan alone arm (p=0.08). Median progression free survival was 3 months (95% CI 1.1–4.9) in the GeT arm and 2 months (95% CI interval 1.7–2.3) in the treosulfan arm (p=0.008, log-rank). Six and 12 months progression free survival was 34.8% and 17.9% and 16.7% and 0% always favouring the GeT arm. Conclusions: This first prospectively randomized trial in metastatic uveal melanoma showed a superior PFS and a trend for a higher response/stabilization rate of the GeT combination over treosulfan alone. Therefore GeT will further be investigated in randomized trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.