tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Misleading Statement in Trial on False-Positive Results in Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Jennifer M. Croswell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters3 August 2010Misleading Statement in Trial on False-Positive Results in Lung Cancer ScreeningJennifer M. Croswell, MD, MPH and Barnett S. Kramer, MD, MPHJennifer M. Croswell, MD, MPHFrom National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.Search for more papers by this author and Barnett S. Kramer, MD, MPHFrom National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-3-201008030-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Sokol expresses concern over our citation of a 1994 study (1) that attempted to gain a better understanding of the cancer screening preferences of community physicians. Although the title of the article is “Preferences of Community Physicians for Cancer Screening Guidelines,” the survey directly asked about individual practice patterns and not simply “what the clinicians thought the guidelines at that time would recommend.” The specific question posed for each screening modality was not, “What do guidelines say you should do regarding screening for this cancer?” but rather, “How often would you recommend screening by a physician for ...Reference1. Czaja R, McFall SL, Warnecke RB, Ford L, Kaluzny AD. Preferences of community physicians for cancer screening guidelines. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120:602-8. [PMID: 8117000] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPreferences of Community Physicians for Cancer Screening Guidelines Ronald Czaja , Stephanie L. McFall , Richard B. Warnecke , Leslie Ford , and Arnold D. Kaluzny Cumulative Incidence of False-Positive Test Results in Lung Cancer Screening Jennifer M. Croswell , Stuart G. Baker , Pamela M. Marcus , Jonathan D. Clapp , and Barnett S. Kramer Metrics 3 August 2010Volume 153, Issue 3Page: 210KeywordsCancer screeningConflicts of interestDiagnostic radiologyForecastingLung and intrathoracic tumorsLung cancer screeningMedical risk factorsScreening guidelinesThoraxTreatment guidelines ePublished: 3 August 2010 Issue Published: 3 August 2010 CopyrightCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
The importance of vicinal cysteines, C1669 and C1670, for von Willebrand factor A2 domain function
Authors: Brenda M. Luken, Luke Y. N. Winn, Jonas Emsley, David A. Lane, James T. B. Crawley
Journal: Blood (2010)

The von Willebrand factor (VWF) A2 crystal structure has revealed the presence of a rare vicinal disulfide bond between C1669 and C1670, predicted to influence domain unfolding required for proteolysis by ADAMTS13. We prepared VWF A2 domain fragments with (A2-VicCC, residues 1473-1670) and without the vicinal disulfide bond (A2-DeltaCC, residues 1473-1668). Compared with A2-DeltaCC, A2-VicCC exhibited impaired proteolysis and also reduced binding to ADAMTS13. Circular dichroism studies revealed that A2-VicCC was more resistant to thermal unfolding than A2-DeltaCC. Mutagenesis of C1669/C1670 in full-length VWF resulted in markedly increased susceptibility to cleavage by ADAMTS13, confirming the important role of the paired vicinal cysteines in VWF A2 domain stabilization.
Haptoglobin Genotype Is a Major Determinant of the Amount of Iron in the Human Atherosclerotic Plaque
Authors: Pedro R. Moreno, K. Raman Purushothaman, Meera Purushothaman, Paul Muntner, Nina S. Levy, Valentin Fuster, John T. Fallon, Patrick A. Lento, Aaron Winterstern, Andrew P. Levy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Bone Loss after Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Robert Lindsay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Although clinicians generally consider osteoporosis to be a disease primarily affecting postmenopausal women, other populations are also at high risk. One such group is recipients of organ transplants, who, as their long-term survival improves, have begun to face other medical problems, including osteoporosis. Transplant recipients have generally had long-standing, chronic disease and must receive high doses of antirejection medications designed to suppress their immune system. In this issue of the Journal, Shane et al. (pages 767–776) present data from a randomized trial in which patients who had received a cardiac transplant were given either a bisphosphonate (alendronate) or calcitriol, the . . .
Administrative Posts in the N.H.S
Authors: E. L. Howells
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Fashions in Infant Feeding SIR,-Your leading article (30 June, p. 727) summarized the dangers of feeding babies with milk containing too high a solute con- tent.It was stated that severe hypernatrae- mic dehydration may result from failure to follow the manufacturer's instructions.The method of making up a day's milk feeds (say 32 fl.oz. (900m)) using separate accurately measured single scoops is laborious and timeconsuming, and only the most meticulous mother is likely to produce regularly the de- sired concentration.I would suggest that a 4-unit scoop be also supplied with milk powders; or that the powder be supplied in sachets each containing four scoopfuls.I would also like to report that a popular brand of baby cereal sold widely in child welfare centres has the following instructions on the packets:"-is very effective when added to baby's last feed at night.According to age, up to one heaped teaspoonful for every 2 oz. of boiled water used in making the bottle feed will help baby and mother to have an unbroken nights' sleep."Un- fortunately, many mothers deduce that it may be helpful for peaceful days too, and not infrequently I have found that the extra solute is also being added to one or two feeds during the day.-Iam, etc.,
Magnesia and Alkaline Carminatives in Infancy
Authors: R. D. G. Creery
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Whilst investigating cases of idiopathic hyperca!caemia with failure to thrive, a history was frequently obtained of prolonged intake of magnesia and sometimes of other alkaline preparations.These had been given for the constipation that is such a regular feature of this dis- order.It was first thought that the taking of these preparations might have some significance in the aetiology (Creery, 1953), but further consideration did not confirm this view (Creery and Neill, 1954).Carre, Wood, and Smallwood (1954) came to a similar conclusion regarding magnesia and idiopathic renal acidosis in infancy.The present survey has been carried out to gain informa- tion on the incidence of this type of medication in infancy.
SHIPMENT OF PERIODICALS AND BOOKS FOR KOREA
Authors: Howard A. Rusk
Journal: JAMA (1953)

To the Editor:—  As a result of the recent appeal published inThe Journal, May 30, 1953, page 476, the Alameda Medical Depot on August 1 had received 23 major shipments and numerous small shipments of medical books for trans-shipment to Korea and distribution to Korean medical schools. Services that have books, periodicals, equipment, and other items may ship them to the Commanding Officer, Alameda Medical Depot, Alameda, Calif., marked for KORMEDED, where the Department of the Army will assume responsibility for shipment of the material to Korea for distribution to the Korean medical schools in which they will be of greatest use. Donations of books and periodicals should be limited to those published after 1942. Shipments weighing over 100 lb. but less than a carload, should be shipped via freight (L. C. L. rate) collect. Shipments weighing less than 100 lb. may be shipped via railway express collect. To
Psychiatry and the Criminal: A Guide to Psychiatric Examinations for the Criminal Courts
Authors: Bernard L. Diamond
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Dr. Macdonald has written a useful "how to do it" book for the psychiatrist who may be called upon to examine a defendant charged with the commission of a crime. However, the book is written in a rather simple, homely fashion that sometimes gets naively out of hand. Sometimes important and controversial current issues in psychiatry and the criminal law are dismissed with a casual, superficial mention. Reports of dubious treatments, such as the use of estrogens in the treatment of sex offenders, are included without suitable criticism or evaluation, and may be very misleading to the inexperienced reader. Nevertheless,<i>Psychiatry and the Criminal</i>is a useful book, especially for the medical student, psychiatric resident, or medical practitioner who is occasionally called upon to examine a criminal defendant. It provides a safe and sound, general view of the practical issues that concern evaluation of the mental condition of the criminal
The presence of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)-related postprocedural pneumoperitoneum
Authors: B. Güvenç, K. Raşa, S. Güvenç
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a good example of surgical treatments that adopt a “minimal access therapeutic approach”. However, the procedure, which is also referred to as the nonsurgical technique, carries a false sense of safety, as it is associated with significant morbidity [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. In the English literature, a wide range of reports regarding PEG insertion state that postprocedural pneumoperitoneum is a common and benign finding. The reported incidence is over 50 %, and the condition is generated by endoscopic air insufflation in association with needle puncture of the abdominal wall and stomach [1] [2].
Autoimmunity to type II collagen an experimental model of arthritis.
Authors: D E Trentham, A S Townes, A H Kang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

We have found that intradermal injection of native type II collagen extracted from human, chick or rat cartilage induces an inflammatory arthritis in approximately 40% of rats of several strains whether complete Freund's adjuvant or incomplete Freund's adjuvant is used. Type I or III collagen extracted from skin, cartilage proteoglycans and alpha1(II) chains were incapable of eliciting arthritis, as was type II collagen injected without adjuvant. The disease is a chronic proliferative synovitis, resembling adjuvant arthritis in rats and rheumatoid arthritis in humans. Native type II co-lagen modified by limited pepsin digestion still produces arthritis, suggesting that type-specific determinants residing in the helical region of the molecule are responsible for the induction of disease. Since homologous type II collagen emulsified in oil without bacterial preparations regularly causes the disease, this new animal model of arthritis represents a unique example of experimentally-inducible autoimmunity to a tissue component.
A20 Inhibits NF-κB Activation in Endothelial Cells Without Sensitizing to Tumor Necrosis Factor–Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Christiane Ferran, Deborah M. Stroka, Anne Z. Badrichani, Jeffrey T. Cooper, Christopher J. Wrighton, Miguel Soares, Shane T. Grey, Fritz H. Bach
Journal: Blood (1998)
Myelodysplastic syndromes are induced by histone methylationâ€“altering ASXL1 mutations
Authors: Daichi Inoue, Jiro Kitaura, Katsuhiro Togami, Koutarou Nishimura, Yutaka Enomoto, Tomoyuki Uchida, Yuki Kagiyama, Kimihito Cojin Kawabata, Fumio Nakahara, Kumi Izawa, Toshihiko Oki, Akie Maehara, Masamichi Isobe, Akiho Tsuchiya, Yuka Harada, Hironori Harada, Takahiro Ochiya, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Hiroshi Kimura, Felicitas Thol, Michael Heuser, Ross L. Levine, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Toshio Kitamura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Recurrent mutations in the gene encoding additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) are found in various hematologic malignancies and associated with poor prognosis. In particular, ASXL1 mutations are common in patients with hematologic malignancies associated with myelodysplasia, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Although loss-of-function ASXL1 mutations promote myeloid transformation, a large subset of ASXL1 mutations is thought to result in stable truncation of ASXL1. Here we demonstrate that C-terminal–truncating Asxl1 mutations (ASXL1-MTs) inhibited myeloid differentiation and induced MDS-like disease in mice. ASXL1-MT mice displayed features of human-associated MDS, including multi-lineage myelodysplasia, pancytopenia, and occasional progression to overt leukemia. ASXL1-MT resulted in derepression of homeobox A9 (Hoxa9) and microRNA-125a (miR-125a) expression through inhibition of polycomb repressive complex 2–mediated (PRC2-mediated) methylation of histone H3K27. miR-125a reduced expression of C-type lectin domain family 5, member a (Clec5a), which is involved in myeloid differentiation. In addition, HOXA9 expression was high in MDS patients with ASXL1-MT, while CLEC5A expression was generally low. Thus, ASXL1-MT–induced MDS-like disease in mice is associated with derepression of Hoxa9 and miR-125a and with Clec5a dysregulation. Our data provide evidence for an axis of MDS pathogenesis that implicates both ASXL1 mutations and miR-125a as therapeutic targets in MDS.
Futility and the Ethics of Resuscitation
Authors: Tom Tomlinson, Howard Brody
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Recent recommendations that physicians be allowed to withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation, without patient consent, from patients for whom it would be futile have drawn objections that such unilateral judgments would undermine respect for patient autonomy. These objections assume that since futility determinations involve value judgments, patient input is always required. However, certain sorts of value judgments must be made unilaterally by physicians as part of reasonable medical practice. Moreover, the mixed messages inherent in requesting patient consent to withhold futile therapy serve to undermine rather than to enhance autonomous choice. Real patient interests can better be served by a broad public dialogue around judgments of medical reasonableness and medical futility, rather than concern for the form but not the substance of patient autonomy. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1276-1280)
Standard Levels of Haemoglobin
Authors: R. H. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1965)

years later, none of these could claim a com- plete absence of homosexual desires.A critical review of behaviour therapy tech- niques in the treatment of sexual deviations' concluded that techniques using faradic aver- sion and operant conditioning achieved better results than those using chemical aversion and classical conditioning.The results to date of our own series of 32 homosexual patients treated by faradic aversion and operant conditioning indicate that one-half are now actively heterosexual, and a further sixth have ceased homosexual practices and are utilizing heterosexual fantasy.The range of follow-up is 3 months to 2j years, and we have published detailed reports of the method used,4' together with physiological and psychological data recorded during treatment.Finally, while reports have appeared con- cerning the physical dangers of chemical aversion, there have been no such adverse reports concerning faradic aversion.-Weare, etc.,
P1-08-18: Aspirin Exposure and Nodal Status at Diagnosis in Women with Stage I-III Breast Cancer.
Authors: TI Barron, L Sharp, K Bennett, K Visvanathan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: The recent Nurses’ Health Study reported an association between aspirin use and a reduction in breast cancer (BC) recurrence and BC-specific mortality. It has been suggested based on preclinical data that these effects may be due to the inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis by aspirin. To test this hypothesis we examined the association between aspirin exposure prior to BC diagnosis and nodal involvement at diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using linked pharmacy claims and cancer registry data from the National Cancer Registry Ireland. Women with an incident diagnosis of stage I-III BC between 2001–2006 and no prior invasive cancer were included. Women with a prescription for aspirin at any time in the year prior to diagnosis were defined as exposed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for (a) N0 disease; (b) N1 disease (c) N1/2/3 disease at diagnosis in aspirin exposed (overall exposure &amp; exposure quartiles by duration of use) versus unexposed women. All analyses were adjusted for age, tumor size/grade, ER, PR and HER2 receptor status. Analyses were repeated including women with stage IV BC at diagnosis. Survival analyses are ongoing. Results: 4212 women with stage I-III BC at diagnosis were identified. 1086 (25.8%) had a supply of aspirin available to them in the year prior to diagnosis (median dose 75mg, interquartile range 75mg, 75mg). Women taking aspirin were older than those who did not (74.3 yrs/64.4 yrs p&amp;lt;0.05). There was no difference in tumor sizes, grade, ER, PR or HER2 receptor status between exposed and unexposed women. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis aspirin exposure was associated with significantly increased odds of an N0 tumor (Table 1; OR 1.27 95%CI 1.09, 1.48) and significantly decreased odds of an N1 or N1/2/3 tumor. Additionally, women taking aspirin for &amp;gt;95% of the year prior to diagnosis had the highest odds of an N0 tumor (Table1; OR 1.50 95%CI 1.14, 1.97). There was no difference in the odds of an N0 tumor for women taking aspirin for &amp;lt;40% of the prior year (OR 1.01 95%CI 0.78, 1.31). Inclusion of stage IV BC (n=789) in the analysis did not significantly alter these results. Discussion: This study demonstrates a significant association between aspirin use in the year prior to BC diagnosis and the degree of nodal involvement at diagnosis. Furthermore there was a clear dose-response relationship between increasing duration of exposure and nodal status. These associations are unlikely to be due to confounding by healthy user/adherer behaviors as tumor sizes did not vary significantly between unexposed and exposed women, or across quartiles of exposure duration. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-18.
Characterisation of Gene Variations in the Transcription Factors T-bet and HLX1 and their Functional Role in the Development of Asthma
Authors: K SUTTNER, P ROSENSTIEL, M DEPNER, I RUOSS, W PETERS, N KLOPP, T ILLIG, C VOGELBERG, S WEILAND, E VONMUTIUS
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Non-parametric statistical tests for two related groups: numerical data
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers investigated the effects on the health of bar staff of legislation for smoke free workplaces implemented in the Republic of Ireland in 2004. They used a before and after study design. Participants were bar staff in public houses in the Republic of Ireland. Bar staff in public houses in Northern Ireland acted as a control group. The analyses included exposure of non-smokers to secondhand smoke. Outcome measures included the laboratory assessment of salivary cotinine concentration, which was compared before and after the law change.1

In total, 111 participants in the Republic of Ireland and 20 in Northern Ireland had cotinine concentrations measured at baseline and one year later at follow-up. Non-parametric statistical tests were used, as the distribution of salivary cotinine concentration was not normal. The median salivary cotinine concentration of bar staff in the Republic of Ireland was 29.0 nmol/L before the legislation and 5.1 nmol/L afterwards (median within-subject reduction of 22.7 nmol/L (P<0.001)). The median concentration in Northern Ireland was 25.3 nmol/L before the legislation and 20.4 nmol/L afterwards (median within-subject reduction of 5.7 nmol/L (P=0.05)). The researchers …
Plant homologue constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome subunit CSN5 regulates innate immune responses in macrophages
Authors: Zhongbin Deng, Ruggero Pardi, William Cheadle, Xiaoyu Xiang, Shuangyin Zhang, Spandan V. Shah, William Grizzle, Donald Miller, John Mountz, Huang-Ge Zhang
Journal: Blood (2011)
UNRWA and the Health of Palestinian Refugees
Authors: Lawrence S. Lilienfield, John C. Rose, Milton Corn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine refugees (UNRWA) has provided health, education, and welfare services since 1949. A team of physicians from Georgetown University visited UNRWA Health Centers and refugee camps in Jordan, Lebanon, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip, as well as some affiliated hospitals. Living conditions of refugees vary widely. In Jordan and the West Bank, fewer than one third live in camps, whereas in the Gaza Strip and Lebanon, conditions are more crowded. Effective programs for health education, maternal and child health, and immunization have markedly improved the health of the refugees over the years of UNRWA's operation. The general health of the population is good, primarily as a result of wise emphasis on public health and preventive medicine measures.
Suppression of the Functionally Coupled Cyclooxygenase-2/Prostaglandin E Synthase as a Basis of Simvastatin-Dependent Plaque Stabilization in Humans
Authors: Francesco Cipollone, Maria Fazia, Annalisa Iezzi, Mirco Zucchelli, Barbara Pini, Domenico De Cesare, Sante Ucchino, Francesco Spigonardo, Guido Bajocchi, Roberto Bei, Raffaella Muraro, Luciano Artese, Adriano Piattelli, Francesco Chiarelli, Franco Cuccurullo, Andrea Mezzetti
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The clinical benefits of statins are attributed to changes in plaque composition that lead to reduced metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and plaque stabilization. However, the molecular mechanism of this effect is unclear. Recently, we demonstrated enhanced expression of isoforms of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX) and PGE synthase (COX-2/mPGES) in human symptomatic plaque and provided evidence that this is associated with MMP-induced plaque rupture. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of simvastatin on inflammatory infiltration and the expression of COX-2/mPGES and MMPs in human carotid plaques.Seventy patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were randomized to the American Heart Association Step 1 diet plus simvastatin (40 mg/d) or the American Heart Association Step 1 diet alone for 4 months before endarterectomy. Plaques were subjected to analysis of COX-1, COX-2, mPGES, MMP-2 and MMP-9, lipid and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) content, and collagen content by immunocytochemistry, Western blot, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, whereas zymography was used to detect MMP activity. Immunocytochemistry was also used to identify CD68+ macrophages, CD3+ T-lymphocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and HLA-DR+ inflammatory cells. Plaques from the simvastatin group had fewer (P<0.0001) macrophages, T-lymphocytes, and HLA-DR+ cells; less (P<0.0001) immunoreactivity for COX-2/mPGES and MMPs; reduced (P<0.0001) gelatinolytic activity; increased (P<0.0001) collagen content; and reduced (P<0.0001) lipid and oxLDL content. Interestingly, COX-2/mPGES inhibition by simvastatin was completely reversed by mevalonate in vitro.This study demonstrates that simvastatin decreases inflammation and inhibits COX-2/mPGES expression in plaque macrophages, and this effect in turn may contribute to plaque stabilization by inhibition of MMP-induced plaque rupture.