tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TUBERCULOSIS OF THE GREATER TROCHANTER
Authors: HENRY W. MEYERDING
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Tuberculosis of the greater trochanter causes localized pain and tenderness associated with swelling, which must be distinguished from tumor and other forms of infection. It is common for the bursae about the trochanter to become involved, with a resulting fluctuating mass containing serum and broken down débris; more rarely, extension into the femoral neck or hip joint is the result. The literature on the subject is rather meager and consists largely of reports of cases: in one report eleven cases of tuberculosis of the trochanter were presented. Teale,<sup>1</sup>in 1870, described a case of tuberculosis of the bursa over the greater trochanter in which the gluteal tendon appeared to be a factor in prolonging the disease of the bursa. He advised division of the structure for the purpose of removing all muscular tension. In 1903, at which time he<sup>2</sup>reported another case, he mentioned the possibility of confusion
Screening for <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> in Women 15 to 29 Years of Age: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Delphine Hu, Edward W. Hook, Sue J. Goldie
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: Clinical guidelines have traditionally advised annual Chlamydia trachomatis screening for women younger than 25 years of age. Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of recently proposed strategies for chlamydia screening. Design: State transition simulation model; cost-effectiveness analysis. Data Sources: Published literature. Target Population: Sexually active U.S. women 15 to 29 years of age. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Modified societal. Interventions: Four strategies targeted to 3 specific age groups (15 to 19 years, 15 to 24 years, and 15 to 29 years): 1) no screening, 2) annual screening for all women, 3) annual screening followed by 1 repeated test within 3 to 6 months after a positive test result, and 4) annual screening followed by selective semiannual screening for women with a history of infection. Outcome Measures: Clinical events (for example, pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility), lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life expectancy, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Annual screening in women 15 to 29 years of age followed by semiannual screening for those with a history of infection was the most effective and cost-effective strategy. It consistently had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio less than $25 000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) compared with the next most effective strategy. When the indirect transmission effects of a 10-year screening program on the probability of infection in uninfected women (that is, per-susceptible rate of infection) were considered, all strategies became more cost-effective. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: Results were sensitive to the annual incidence of chlamydia, probability of persistent infection, screening test costs, and costs of treating long-term complications. Each variable was associated with threshold values beyond which screening became cost-saving. In probabilistic analysis, annual screening in women 15 to 29 years of age followed by semiannual screening for those with a history of infection had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio less than $50 000 per QALY in 99% of simulations. Limitations: Uncertainty about the natural history of chlamydial infection and consideration of only the indirect transmission effects of C. trachomatis screening. Conclusions: Annual C. trachomatis screening for all women 15 to 29 years of age and selective targeting of those with a history of infection for semiannual screening is very cost-effective compared with other well-accepted clinical interventions.
Incidental Discovery of Pulmonary Metastases During I-131 Scintigraphy After Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Sami Boughattas, Habib Hassine, Kaouther Chatti, Nabil Driss, Habib Essabbah
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

We report the case of a 40-year-old man with radiographically silent pulmonary metastases of papillary thyroid cancer discovered during I-131 scintigraphy following total thyroidectomy performed 10 years after unilateral lobectomy. The residual lobe was histologically normal. After a dose of 11.1 GBq (300 mCi), there was no I-131 uptake in the thyroid bed and lung metastases, and serum thyroglobulin became undetectable. Conservative therapy could be associated with a delay in the possibility of diagnosing and treating extrathyroidal metastases.
Linkage of a Gene Causing Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis to Chromosome 21 and Evidence of Genetic-Locus Heterogeneity
Authors: Teepu Siddique, Denise A. Figlewigz, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Jonathan L. Haines, Guy Rouleau, Anita J. Jeffers, Peter Sapp, Wu-Yen Hung, Jacqueline Bebout, Diane McKenna-Yasek, Gang Deng, H. Robert Horvitz, James F. Gusella, Robert H. Brown, Allen D. Roses
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurologic disorder that commonly results in paralysis and death. Despite more than a century of research, no cause of, cure for, or means of preventing this disorder has been found. In a minority of cases, it is familial and inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with age-dependent penetrance. In contrast to the sporadic form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the familial form provides the opportunity to use molecular genetic techniques to localize an inherited defect. Furthermore, such studies have the potential to discover the basic molecular defect causing motor-neuron degeneration. gene causing this disease to four DNA markers on the long arm of chromosome 21. Multipoint linkage analyses demonstrated linkage between the gene and these markers. The maximum lod score — 5.03 — was obtained 10 centimorgans distal (telomeric) to the DNA marker D21S58. There was a significant probability (P<0.0001 ) of genetic-locus heterogeneity in the families.
Bleomycin Sensitivity of Mice Expressing Dominant-Negative p53 in the Lung Epithelium
Authors: Sushmita Ghosh, Tamra Mendoza, Luis A. Ortiz, Gary W. Hoyle, Cesar D. Fermin, Arnold R. Brody, Mitchell Friedman, Gilbert F. Morris
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The chemotherapeutic drug bleomycin causes DNA damage and apoptosis in the lungs of mice within hours of endotracheal instillation followed by inflammation and fibrosis weeks later. The p53 tumor suppressor protein mediates cellular responses to DNA damage, including induction of apoptosis, but the effects of p53 activation in the various cell types of the lung during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis remain unclear. We show here that a transgene with a dominant-negative mutant form of human p53 expressed from the surfactant protein C promoter sensitizes mice to bleomycin-induced lung injury. The bleomycin-exposed transgenic animals display more severe lung pathology with associated collagen deposition and more pronounced lung eosinophilia than simultaneously exposed nontransgenic littermates. These observations suggest that compromising p53 function in the alveolar epithelium impairs recovery of the lung from bleomycin-induced injury.
B Cell-Driven Lymphangiogenesis in Inflamed Lymph Nodes Enhances Dendritic Cell Mobilization
Authors: Véronique Angeli, Florent Ginhoux, Jaime Llodrà, Laurence Quemeneur, Paul S. Frenette, Mihaela Skobe, Rolf Jessberger, Miriam Merad, Gwendalyn J. Randolph
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Superoxide production and expression of NAD(P)H oxidases by transformed and primary human colonic epithelial cells
Authors: A Perner, L Andresen, G Pedersen, J Rask-Madsen
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Superoxide (O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) generation through the activity of reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide (NADH) or reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases has been demonstrated in a variety of cell types, but not in human colonic epithelial cells. <b>Aims:</b> To measure O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> production and effects of modulators of NAD(P)H oxidase activity and inhibitors of potential O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> generating enzymes in cultures of human colonic epithelial cells. Expression of the catalytic subunits of NAD(P)H oxidase, Nox1 and gp91<sup>phox</sup> (phox, phagocytic oxidase), and the membrane bound subunit p22<sup>phox</sup> was assessed. <b>Methods:</b> The transformed colonic epithelial cell lines (DLD-1, HT-29, and Caco-2) were studied at subconfluence, confluence, and after differentiation. Primary colonic epithelial cells were isolated from mucosal biopsies from the normal human colon. Extracellular O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> production was measured by the cytochrome c reduction assay or luminol enhanced luminescence. Nox1, gp91<sup>phox</sup>, and p22<sup>phox</sup> mRNA expression was assessed in colonic epithelial cells and blood neutrophils by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. <b>Results:</b> Production rates of O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> were higher in subconfluent transformed cells (mean (SEM) 35.8 (4.2) nmol/mg of protein/h) and primary cells (40.4 (5.9)) than in confluent transformed cells (6.0 (0.9); p&lt;0.01). The oxidoreductase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium significantly inhibited O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> production whereas NADPH and NADH increased production rates. In contrast, O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> was unaffected by phorbol myristate ester, <i>N</i><sup>G</sup>-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, indomethacin, or allopurinol. Nox1 mRNA was expressed in all colonic epithelial cells whereas gp91<sup>phox</sup> was detected only in HT-29 cells and neutrophils. p22<sup>phox</sup> was expressed in all cell types. <b>Conclusions:</b> Cultures of transformed and primary epithelial cells from human colon may produce extracellular O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> through an NAD(P)H oxidase expressing Nox1 and p22<sup>phox</sup>.
Effects of naloxone on upper airway collapsibility in normal sleeping subjects.
Authors: J. C. Meurice, I. Marc, F. Series
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the possible influence of endorphin release on upper airway collapsibility the effects of naloxone, an opiate receptor antagonist, were measured. METHODS: The effects of naloxone on upper airway collapsibility were studied in five normal sleeping men in a pilot study. During a sleep fragmentation night the subjects received either naloxone or a volume matched saline placebo in a double blind crossover design. Critical pressure (Pcrit) was measured during a morning nap following sleep fragmentation. RESULTS: The plasma levels of endorphins increased during sleep fragmentation nights. Pcrit was significantly greater after placebo than after naloxone infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Naloxone may reduce upper airway collapsibility in normal sleeping subjects following sleep fragmentation.
The Death of Sigmund Freud: The Legacy of His Last Days
Authors: Elaine W. Cotlove
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aortic Pulse and A-V Dissociation
Authors: JOHN I. LEVITT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 July 1971Aortic Pulse and A-V DissociationJOHN I. LEVITT, M.D.JOHN I. LEVITT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-1-137_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the article by Borromeo and Wilson (Ann Intern Med74:242-244, 1971) the authors record an abnormal aortic pulse during regular sinus rhythm (their Figure 1). The aortic pulse recorded during atrioventricular dissociation, however, was found to be normal (p. 243 and legend of Figure 2) when associated with a normal atrioventricular relationship—a situation that I assume is identical to regular sinus rhythm. What is the explanation for this?... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOHN I. LEVITT, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1971Volume 75, Issue 1Page: 137-137KeywordsHeart rate ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Points from Letters: Upgrading V.D. Departments
Authors: M. P. Vora
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The patient, a widow aged 63, developed a marked bilateral conjunctivitis in July 1970.When questioned, she stated that she had noticed a stinging sensation of the eyes when- ever she tipped a new brand of washing powder into water.This powder, which she had used for a few weeks only, proved to be a well known enzyme detergent.On giving up the use of the preparation the conjunctival signs disappeared and have not returned.Presumably the act of tipping out the washing powder can give rise to a sufficient concentration of enzyme dust to affect the conjunctiva of a sensitive person.When dealing with an unexplained case of allergic conjunctivitis, therefore, it seems worth asking whether the patient has been using a new brand of washing powder.-Iam, etc.,
Antihypertensive Therapy in Evolution
Authors: Aram V. Chobanian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Hypertension is a major public health problem, afflicting at least 35 million people in the United States. Impressive advances in the pharmacotherapy of hypertension have been made over the past three decades. More than 10 million hypertensive patients are currently receiving antihypertensive medications,1 at an estimated cost of approximately $2.5 billion — figures that exceed those for any other single disease.However, important questions remain regarding the long-term benefits and risks of therapy.Several developments in the past few years have led to a reexamination of previously held beliefs about the management of hypertension. The results of several large clinical . . .
Long-term treatment of severe hypertension with minoxidil, propranolol and furosemide.
Authors: R L Wilburn, A Blaufuss, C M Bennet
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Thirteen patients with severe hypertension were treated with combined minoxidil, propranolol, and furosemide (mean daily doses 33 mg, 475 mg, and 578 mg, respectively) for nine to twenty-five months (mean 13.8). Average mean blood pressure while on aggressive therapy with conventional medication was 144 +/- 14 mm Hg; on minoxidil and propranolol it was 108 "/- 10 mm Hg (P less thator to optimum blood pressure control and required large doses of furosemide to control. Propranolol blunted the reflex tachycardia associated with arteriolar dilator therapy but all patients continued with a clinically hyperdynamic circulation. Seven of seven had elevated ejection fractions on echocardiogram, and two of three had elevated cardiac indices. Three of three who had heart catheterization had pulmonary hypertension which was aggravated by exercise. An additional three patients on hydralazine, propranolol, and furosemide also had pulmonary hypertension suggesting this is not unique to minoxidil. Two of thirteen developed pericardial effusions. Renal function improved in three and worsened in three.
Regulatory Nodes That Integrate and Coordinate Signaling as Potential Targets for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xiaojiang Cui, Adrian V. Lee
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Blockade of the estrogen receptor (ER) with antiestrogens and aromatase inhibitors is effective in the treatment of breast cancer. Why ER plays such a dominant role in breast cancer and represents such an excellent target remains to be defined. The ability of ER to respond to multiple inputs and to control expression of multiple downstream genes may be one of the reasons why ER is such a powerful target for breast cancer treatment. The recent modest performance of a number of targeted therapies in breast cancer has raised the question whether we will ever develop therapies that have such success as antiestrogens. Targeted therapies tend to inhibit a single pathway that is probably altered in only a subset of patients. Even within this subset, only a limited number of patients respond. The evidence that virtually all pathways can cross-talk and that they exhibit several layers of redundancy reveals a complexity of signaling networks that may defy the generation of targeted therapies with efficacy similar to antiestrogens. However, there are clearly regulatory nodes that can integrate multiple upstream inputs and elicit diverse downstream outputs. We provide evidence and rationales for integrins, insulin receptor substrates (IRSs), and cyclin D1 as potential therapeutic targets. These proteins, similar to ER, can integrate and coordinate multiple signals in breast cancer cells and thus mediate diverse aspects of breast cancer progression. New treatment targets will emerge in light of more global models of signal transduction that fully integrate all aspects of cell biology such as the role of the extracellular matrix and will hopefully result in the development of targeted therapies that show efficacy similar to antiestrogens.
LATE IMPLANTING OF GLASS BALL IN ORBIT, AND EPITHELIAL LIP GRAFTS TRANSPLANTED TO ORBIT.
Authors: ADELINE E. PORTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The late implanting of a glass ball in the orbit is not a new operation; L. Webster Fox of Philadelphia, and many others in other cities, have succeeded well in this line, but the operation had not been done before in Washington, D. C., and there is a feature in this I do not find in others, namely, the fastening together of the cut ends of the recti muscles over the glass ball. My first case of the kind was this: W. C., white, aged 50, English birth, a farm laborer, received traumatism to cornea, which became infected. Several cultures were made at different times from the discharge, but were negative in results. Complete destruction of cornea ensued from neglected condition, the patient attending the clinic at intervals of a week or ten days only. In June, 1899, the atrophied globe was removed from left orbit by Dr. Burnett, no
The G-Protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Gpbar1 (TGR5), negatively regulates hepatic inflammatory response through antagonizing nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in mice
Authors: Yan-Dong Wang, Wei-Dong Chen, Donna Yu, Barry M. Forman, Wendong Huang
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Gpbar1 (TGR5), a membrane-bound bile acid receptor, is well known for its roles in regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism. TGR5 also displays strong attenuation of macrophage reactivity in vitro , but the physiological roles of TGR5 in inflammatory response, and its mechanism, is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that TGR5 is a negative modulator of nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation. TGR5 activation suppresses the phosphorylation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα), the translocation of p65, NF-κB DNA-binding activity, and its transcription activity. Furthermore, TGR5 activation enhances the interaction of IκBα and β-arrestin2. Suppression of NF-κB transcription activity and its target gene expression by TGR5 agonist are specifically abolished by the expression of anti-β-arrestin2 small interfering RNA. These results show that TGR5 suppresses the NF-κB pathway by mediation of the interaction between IκBα and β-arrestin2. In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model, TGR5−/− mice show more severe liver necroses and inflammation, compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Activation of TGR5 by its agonist ligand inhibits the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to NF-κB activation induced by LPS in WT, but not TGR5−/−, mouse liver. Conclusion: These findings identify TGR5 as a negative mediator of inflammation that may serve as an attractive therapeutic tool for immune and inflammatory liver diseases. (Hepatology 2011;)
Paired multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PMRT-PCR) analysis as a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool for the detection of MLL fusion genes in hematologic malignancies
Authors: A Andersson, M Höglund, B Johansson, C Lassen, R Billström, S Garwicz, PG Nilsson, F Mitelman, T Fioretos
Journal: Leukemia (2001)
Case 53-1976
Authors: Richard W. Erbe, Karl H. Proppe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Presentation of CaseA 26-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of colonic polyps.When he was 11 years of age a bony prominence developed in the right side of the mandible. In the following year a cyst was excised from the skin of the right axilla. Four years later a bone tumor was removed from the left elbow. At the age of 17 years he entered another hospital for dental extractions. Preoperative x-ray films revealed multiple cysts and "bone tumors" in the mandible. Barium-enema and sigmoidoscopic examinations were reported to show numerous colonic polyps; several polyps were fulgurated . . .
Illinois Army and Navy Medical Association.
Authors: Edward P. Bartlett
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>Editor Journal of Am. Med. Assoc'n.</h3> —At the meeting of the Army and Navy Medical Association, held in Chicago, October 7th and 8th, the following resolution was offered and unanimously adopted, viz.: Whereas, In view of our high esteem for Dr. John H. Rauch, as a medical officer of the United States Army during the war of the Rebellion, as a gentleman of worth and culture, and for his most efficient services as a member of the Illinois State Board of Health, whereby the sanitary conditions of the State and Nation have been greatly improved, the standard of medical education elevated, and the interests of profession and people most thoroughly guarded, therefore, <i>Resolved</i>, That we hereby express our regret that so efficient a member of the Board of Health of the State of Illinois, should have retired from that body. No more active, efficient, earnest worker, can be found among