tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bone Scan in Camurati-Engelmann Disease
Authors: SERGI VIDAL-SICART, FRANCESCA PONS, NÚRIA GUAÑABENS, RAMÓN HERRANZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

An entire family was referred to our department to be tested for Camurati-Engelmann disease (progressive diaphyseal dysplasia) because their father had the disorder. Three out of five of his children showed signs of the disorder, with a typical pattern on bone scintigraphy. Camurati-Engelmann disease is an autosomal dominant hereditary bone disease characterized by progressive bone formation along the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of the long tubular bones. However, it may involve the planar bones, and in severe cases, the skull may be affected. The clinical manifestations range from no symptoms at all to pain, muscle deterioration, and weakness.
Graphics Simplified: How to Plan and Prepare Effective Charts, Graphs, Illustrations, and Other Visual Aids
Authors: Thomas Handrigan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This book has been written and designed to provide a basic understanding of how to plan and prepare charts, graphs, illustrations, and visual aids. It is called Graphics Simplified , and yet, much is said on its 64 pages that has never been said before.  There are not too many good books available on the use and design of charts and graphs. This guide, not a bit wordy, is easy to read and follow and would be highly instructive to the teacher, student, scientist, artist, photographer, and anyone else involved in editorial work or graphic arts—as well as contributors to JAMA . It would be worth having on the bookshelf of our art and layout department, available to anyone who needs to design a chart.  The plan and layout of the book are very good. An introduction deals with how to prepare charts and graphs, and the author clearly explains which charts
Sexual differentiation of brain and behavior in birds
Authors: Jacques Balthazart, Gregory F. Ball
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (1995)

It is currently accepted that most sex differences in brain and behavior do not result from direct genomic actions, but develop following early exposure to a sexually differentiated endocrine milieu. In Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), in contrast to rodents, the male reproductive phenotype appears to develop in the absence of endocrine influence, and estradiol secreted by the ovary of the female embryo is responsible for the physiologic demasculinization of females. In zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), estrogens administered early in life demasculinize copulatory behavior in males, but masculinize the vocal control regions in the brain and singing behavior of females. It is difficult to understand how these behaviors differentiate given that normal untreated males sing and copulate in a male-typical manner, whereas females never show these behaviors. All attempts to resolve this paradox with experiments based on the rodent model of sexual differentiation have been unsuccessful. We propose that copulatory behavior in zebra finches is differentiated in a manner similar to what has been described in quail, but that novel approaches need to be considered to understand the differentiation of the telencephalic song control system. In particular, the possible involvement of afferent input that may differentiate in a steroid-dependent or -independent manner should be thoroughly tested.
Medical litigation faces British revolution
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Proposals to revolutionise the way that medical negligence litigation works in England and Wales are being drawn up by Lord Woolf, the law lord charged by the Lord Chancellor with finding ways to make the civil justice system simpler, cheaper, and more accessible.

The plans, to be finalised in a report next July, aim to make the system less led by lawyers and less adversarial. Lord Woolf, who produced interim proposals for overhauling the civil justice system last year, told doctors last week that medical malpractice claims displayed some of the worst manifestations of the system.

Speaking at a conference at the Royal Society of Medicine in London, he added: “We want to find a situation where …
Simultaneous knockdown of multiple ligands of innate receptor NKG2D prevents natural killer cell–mediated fulminant hepatitis in mice
Authors: Mei Huang, Rui Sun, Haiming Wei, Zhigang Tian
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract NKG2D activation plays an important role in initiating and maintaining liver inflammation, and blockade of NKG2D recognition becomes a promising approach to alleviate liver inflammation. Treatment by silencing NKG2D ligands on hepatocytes, but not NKG2D on circulating immune cells, is more liver-specific, and simultaneous knockdown of multiple NKG2D ligands on hepatocytes will be more efficient in liver disease intervention. Here, we constructed a single vector that could simultaneously express multiple short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against all murine NKG2D ligands including Rae1, Mult1, and H60. After hydrodynamic injection of plasmid containing the three shRNA sequences (shRae1-shMult1-shH60), also called pRNAT-shRMH, we found the expression of all three NKG2D ligands on hepatocytes was downregulated both on messenger RNA and protein levels. Moreover, natural killer (NK) cell–mediated NKG2D-dependent fulminant hepatitis of the mice was alleviated, along with inactivation of hepatic NK cells, by pRNAT-shRMH if compared with its counterpart RNA interference vectors against single or double ligands. The therapeutic efficacy of pRNAT-shRMH was equivalent to that of injecting three monoclonal antibodies against Rae1, Mult1, and H60. For better in vivo application, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus containing pRNAT-shRMH (called Ad-RMH) with efficient hepatotropic infection capacity and observed that Ad-RMH intravenous injection exerted a similar therapeutic efficiency as plasmid pRNAT-shRMH hydrodynamic injection. Noticeably, simultaneous knockdown of multiple human NKG2D ligands (MICA/B, ULBP2, and ULBP3) also significantly attenuated NK cell cytolysis against human NKG2D ligand-positive hepatocyte L-02 cells, suggesting a possible translation into human settings. Conclusion : Simultaneous knockdown of multiple ligands of NKG2D prevents NK cell–mediated fulminant hepatitis and is a potential therapeutic approach to treat liver diseases. (Hepatology 2013)
Lymphocyte beta-2 adrenoceptors (LAR-B2), plasma catecholamines and haemodynamic response to propranolol (PROP) in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
Authors: JC García-Pagán, M Navasa, L Ruiz del Arbol, J Gaya, P Pizcueta, F Feu, F Rivera, J Bosch, J Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
P723 FALDAPREVIR PLUS PEGYLATED INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN DID NOT INCREASE ANAEMIA COMPARED WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN IN HCV GENOTYPE-1, TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS: POOLED ANALYSIS OF PHASE III STUDIES
Authors: T. Asselah, D.M. Jensen, G.R. Foster, M.S. Sulkowski, D. Ouzan, L. Morano, R. Buynak, K. Agarwal, T. Hassanein, D. Forton, F. Negro, D. Genné, K. Kaita, A. Maieron, L. Preotescu, C. Sarrazin, E. Zehnter, M. Romero-Gómez, J.O. Stern, A.-M. Quinson, M. Drulak, M. Garcia, F. Voss, W. Böcher, P. Ferenci
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
EFFECT OF INSULIN IN TREATMENT OF DIABETIC LIPEMIA WITH LIPEMIA RETINALIS
Authors: ALBERT H. ROWE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Lipemia is characterized by an accumulation of fat in the blood. A moderate alimentary lipemia occurs ofter the ingestion of food, and only when it persists in spite of fasting is the condition to be considered pathologic. Patients with diabetes are predisposed to lipemia; and, even though the blood plasma may not appear milky, the lipoids are generally abnormally high, especially in the severe cases. The distribution of lipoids in the blood under pathologic conditions, especially diabetes, has been extensively studied by Bloor<sup>1</sup>and others. In the latter condition, high values for total blood lipoids have been reported by Bloor (13 gm. per hundred cubic centimeters of plasm), by Frugoni<sup>2</sup>(27 gm. per hundred cubic centimeters of plasm), and by Neisser and Derlin<sup>3</sup>(19.7 gm. per hundred cubic centimeters of plasm). The treatment of lipemia has always been slow in yielding results. Allen,4 feeling that blood fat
Performance of English stop smoking services in first 10 years: analysis of service monitoring data
Authors: R. West, S. May, M. West, E. Croghan, A. McEwen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objectives</b> To analyse the performance of the English Stop Smoking Services from 2001/02 to 2010/11. <b>Design</b> Analysis of national service monitoring data. <b>Setting</b> England. <b>Participants</b> Smokers recorded as having been treated by English stop smoking services between April 2001 and March 2011. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Annual figures for the number of quit dates set (throughput), the percentage of these that led to biochemically verified abstinence after four weeks (four week quit rate), and the "impact" in terms of the number of four week quitters beyond those who it is estimated would have stopped with only a prescription for smoking cessation treatment; characteristics of smokers being treated, medication used, and mode of delivery (for example, one to one, group based); variability across local services in throughput, four week quit rates, and impact for 2010/11. <b>Results</b> Throughput rose from 227 335 in 2001/02 to 787 527 (8% of all smokers) in 2010/11. The percentage of four week quitters declined slightly from 35% to 34%. Impact rose from 22 933 four week quitters created in 2001/02 to 72 411 in 2010/11 (corresponding to an estimated 21 723 12 month quitters). The services were successful in reaching disadvantaged smokers; 54% (n=425 684) were in receipt of free prescriptions in 2010/11. Substantial variation existed across local services in throughput, success rates, and impact. <b>Conclusions</b> The English stop smoking services have had an increasing impact in helping smokers to stop in their first 10 years of operation and have successfully reached disadvantaged groups. However, performance across local services has varied considerably.
Enhanced function of immuno-isolated islets in diabetes therapy by co-encapsulation with an anti-inflammatory drug
Authors: Tram T. Dang, Anh V. Thai, Joshua Cohen, Jeremy E. Slosberg, Karolina Siniakowicz, Joshua C. Doloff, Minglin Ma, Jennifer Hollister-Lock, Katherine M. Tang, Zhen Gu, Hao Cheng, Gordon C. Weir, Robert Langer, Daniel G. Anderson
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Effects of Exercise Training on Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Normand G. Boulé, S. John Weisnagel, Timo A. Lakka, Angelo Tremblay, Richard N. Bergman, Tuomo Rankinen, Arthur S. Leon, James S. Skinner, Jack H. Wilmore, D.C. Rao, Claude Bouchard
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the effect of a 20-week endurance training program in healthy, previously sedentary participants on measures derived from an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—An IVGTT was performed before and after a standardized training program in 316 women and 280 men (173 blacks and 423 whites). Participants exercised on cycle ergometers 3 days per week for 60 sessions. The exercise intensity was progressively increased from 55% Vo2max for 30 min per session to 75% Vo2max for 50 min per session. RESULTS—Mean insulin sensitivity increased by 10% (P &amp;lt; 0.001) following the intervention, but the variability in the changes was high. Men had larger improvements than women (P = 0.02). Improvements in fasting insulin were transitory, disappearing 72 h after the last bout of exercise. There were also significant mean increases in the glucose disappearance index (3%, P = 0.02) and in glucose effectiveness (11%, P &amp;lt; 0.001), measures of glucose tolerance and of the capacity of glucose to mediate its own disposal, respectively. The acute insulin response to glucose, a measure of insulin secretion, increased by 7% in the quartile with the lowest baseline glucose tolerance and decreased by 14% in the quartile with the highest baseline glucose tolerance (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The glucose area below fasting levels during the IVGTT was reduced by 7% (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS—Although the effects of structured regular exercise were highly variable, there were improvements in virtually all IVGTT-derived variables. In the absence of substantial weight loss, regular exercise is required for sustained improvements in glucose homeostasis.
Ambient Influenza and Avian Influenza Virus during Dust Storm Days and Background Days
Authors: Pei-Shih Chen, Feng Ta Tsai, Chien Kun Lin, Chun-Yuh Yang, Chang-Chuan Chan, Chea-Yuan Young, Chien-Hung Lee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

The spread of influenza and highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) presents a significant threat to human health. Avian influenza outbreaks in downwind areas of Asian dust storms (ADS) suggest that viruses might be transported by dust storms.We developed a technique to measure ambient influenza and avian influenza viruses. We then used this technique to measure concentrations of these viruses on ADS days and background days, and to assess the relationships between ambient influenza and avian influenza viruses, and air pollutants.A high-volume air sampler was used in parallel with a filter cassette to evaluate spiked samples and unspiked samples. Then, air samples were monitored during ADS seasons using a filter cassette coupled with a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Air samples were monitored during ADS season (1 January to 31 May 2006).We successfully quantified ambient influenza virus using the filtration/real-time qPCR method during ADS days and background days. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the concentration of influenza virus in ambient air. In both the spiked and unspiked samples, the concentration of influenza virus sampled using the filter cassette was higher than that using the high-volume sampler. The concentration of ambient influenza A virus was significantly higher during the ADS days than during the background days.Our data imply the possibility of long-range transport of influenza virus.
Syk Kinase-Coupled C-type Lectin Receptors Engage Protein Kinase C-δ to Elicit Card9 Adaptor-Mediated Innate Immunity
Authors: Dominikus Strasser, Konstantin Neumann, Hanna Bergmann, Mohlopheni J. Marakalala, Reto Guler, Anna Rojowska, Karl-Peter Hopfner, Frank Brombacher, Henning Urlaub, Gottfried Baier, Gordon D. Brown, Michael Leitges, Jürgen Ruland
Journal: Immunity (2012)

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) that couple with the kinase Syk are major pattern recognition receptors for the activation of innate immunity and host defense. CLRs recognize fungi and other forms of microbial or sterile danger, and they induce inflammatory responses through the adaptor protein Card9. The mechanisms relaying CLR proximal signals to the core Card9 module are unknown. Here we demonstrated that protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) was activated upon Dectin-1-Syk signaling, mediated phosphorylation of Card9 at Thr231, and was responsible for Card9-Bcl10 complex assembly and canonical NF-κB control. Prkcd(-/-) dendritic cells, but not those lacking PKCα, PKCβ, or PKCθ, were defective in innate responses to Dectin-1, Dectin-2, or Mincle stimulation. Moreover, Candida albicans-induced cytokine production was blocked in Prkcd(-/-) cells, and Prkcd(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to fungal infection. Thus, PKCδ is an essential link between Syk activation and Card9 signaling for CLR-mediated innate immunity and host protection.
Methylene blue reverses endotoxin-induced hypotension.
Authors: J F Keaney, J C Puyana, S Francis, J F Loscalzo, J S Stamler, J Loscalzo
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Hypotension in septic shock is a reflection of unregulated nitric oxide (NO) production and vascular smooth muscle guanylyl cyclase activation. We examined the effect of methylene blue on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shock in anesthetized rabbits. Shock was induced with 150 micrograms/kg LPS after measurement of mean arterial pressure, platelet cGMP, and total plasma NO (nitrogen monoxide+S-nitrosothiol) content. Measurements were repeated before and after the intravenous administration of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg methylene blue in response to a 55% reduction in mean arterial pressure. At baseline, mean +/- SEM arterial pressure was 88 +/- 3 mm Hg, which fell to 51 +/- 3 mm Hg after LPS (P &lt; .05). Methylene blue at doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg produced a prompt dose-dependent increase in mean arterial pressure to 69 +/- 2, 77 +/- 3, and 81 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively (P &lt; .05 versus mean arterial pressure after LPS) in association with normalization of plasma total NO content (P &lt; .05); however, methylene blue did not significantly affect intraplatelet cGMP levels. Thus, methylene blue restores normal arterial pressure in rabbits with septic shock. This effect is associated with persistent elevation of intraplatelet cGMP levels and normalization of total plasma NO content. These data are consistent with methylene blue-mediated inhibition of NO synthase and/or degradation of NO in this model and suggest a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of septic shock.
Oral Administration of F-18 FDG To Evaluate a Single Pulmonary Nodule by Positron Emission Tomography in a Patient with Poor Intravenous Access
Authors: BENJAMIN FRANC, MARIE R. CARLISLE, GEORGE SEGALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is typically administered intravenously for positron emission tomography. The authors present a case of oral administration of FDG for evaluation of a pulmonary nodule and review the limited literature on this subject. Oral administration of FDG is a useful alternative to intravenous administration in patients with difficult intravenous access when the alimentary tract is not involved in the clinical diagnosis.
Clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents
Authors: D. R. Franz
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Concern regarding the use of biological agents—bacteria, viruses, or toxins—as tools of warfare or terrorism has led to measures to deter their use or, failing that, to deal with the consequences. Unlike chemical agents, which typically lead to violent disease syndromes within minutes at the site of exposure, diseases resulting from biological agents have incubation periods of days. Therefore, rather than a paramedic, it will likely be a physician who is first faced with evidence of the results of a biological attack. We provide here a primer on 10 classic biological warfare agents to increase the likelihood of their being considered in a differential diagnosis. Although the resultant diseases are rarely seen in many countries today, accepted diagnostic and epidemiologic principles apply; if the cause is identified quickly, appropriate therapy can be initiated and the impact of a terrorist attack greatly reduced.
Abstract 3783: RRIG1 suppress growth and invasion of prostate cancer cell lines through inactivation of Src and RhoA
Authors: Ashraful Hoque, Hongli Chen, Baoxiang Guan, Xiao-chun Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that expression of retinoid receptor-induced gene 1 (RRIG1) was significantly reduced in different human cancers and that restoration of RRIG1 expression suppressed tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In prostate cancer, we have showed that PC3 cells do not express RRIG1 but 22RV1 express high levels of RRIG1 mRNA. In this study, we first analyzed RRIG1 expression in prostate cancer tissue specimens and then transfected RRIG1 cDNA into PC3 cells and RRIG1 antisense cDNA into 22RV1 cells to restore or knockdown RRIG1 expression in these cells, respectively. We found that expression of RRIG1 protein was significantly downregulated in prostate cancer tissues compared to the normal tissues. Moreover, stably RRIG1-transfected prostate cancer cells grew much slower than that of the controls, whereas the antisense RRIG1-transfected 22RV1 cells grew faster than that of the controls. After that, we assessed the ability of migration and invasion of these stable cells using Boyden chamber assay and found that RRIG1 transfection reduced tumor cell migration and invasion in PC3 cells compared to the control transfections. In contrast, the antisense RRIG1 transfection promoted the tumor cell migration and invasion in 22RV1 cells. Molecularly, we found that RRIG1 was binding to Src protein and suppressed Src phosphorylation as well as RhoA activation. Consequently, RRIG1 reduced expression of phosphorylated Erk1/2 and AKT as well as expression of c-Jun, COX-2, and cyclinD1. The results from the current study demonstrated a tumor-suppressive effect of RRIG1 in prostate cancer, suggesting that RRIG1 gene may play a role in suppressing prostate tumorigenesis and progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3783.
Role of bipolar electrogram polarity mapping in localizing recurrent conduction in the isthmus early and late after ablation of atrial flutter
Authors: Hiroshige Yamabe, Ken Okumura, Ikuo Misumi, Hironobu Fukushima, Kazuhiro Ueno, Yoshihiro Kimura, Youichi Hokamura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Premenstrual Tension
Authors: William Bickers, Maribelle Woods
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE bleeding phase of the menstrual cycle rarely appears unannounced. Signs and symptoms that herald its approach are experienced by many women. Anxiety states, depression, lower-abdominal pain, lumbar pain, thirst, breast fullness and personality changes of a mildly antisocial nature announce the approaching condition. Menorrhalgia was suggested by Hamblen1 as a descriptive term for this complex. These symptoms are accepted philosophically by most women, but there is a minority group, perhaps 25 per cent, who require medication. The syndrome has long been recognized. Hippocrates ascribed the symptoms to "agitated blood" seeking its channel of escape at the uterus. Police records . . .
Serum β2-microglobulin levels in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Anders Nyberg, Lars Lööf, Roger Hällgren
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2 mu) was determined in 44 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and in 63 patients with other liver disorders. beta 2 mu levels were elevated in PBC when compared with chronic persistent hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and noncirrhotic alcohol liver disease, but not in comparison with chronic active hepatitis and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. With the exception of chronic persistent hepatitis, all liver disorders had significantly increased serum concentrations of beta 2 mu when compared with controls. A significant correlation between beta 2 mu and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p less than 0.001) and beta 2 mu and serum IgG (p less than 0.05) was found in PBC. No significant difference in beta 2 mu levels was noted when PBC patients with early and late histopathological changes were compared. D-penicillamine treatment significantly (p less than 0.01) but transiently reduced beta 2 mu levels in PBC; this may reflect the presumed immunosuppressive action of this drug.