tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Absorption of vitamin D3-3H in control subjects and patients with intestinal malabsorption.
Authors: G R Thompson, B Lewis, C C Booth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

The preparation of radioactive vitamin D3 and its absorption in the rat have been described by Norman and DeLuca (1) and by Schachter, Fink- elstein, and Kowarski (2).Using tied intestinal loops and animals with artificial lymph fistulae, Schachter and his associates (2) have shown that maximal absorption of tritium-labeled vitamin D3 takes place in the mid-jejunum and that its trans- fer into the blood is mainly via the lymph.Little information exists on the absorption of vitamin D in man, except for the observations of Kodicek (3), who found that between 13 and 23% of an oral dose of vitamin D2-14C was recoverable from the feces of infants within 3 days.The present paper deals with the preparation, purification, and radiochemical behavior of vitamin D3 after random labeling with tritium and with its use in human subjects.The labeled vitamin D was purified by methods essentially similar to those previously described (2), with the main exception that the vitamin was recovered in crystalline form without preliminary esterification.Vitamin D ab- sorption was assessed in control subjects and patients with various forms of intestinal malabsorp- tion by measuring their plasma and fecal radio- activity after oral doses of vitamin D3-3H.Malabsorption of the labeled vitamin was demonstrated in patients with adult celiac disease and in others with steatorrhea due to biliary or pancreatic dysfunction; several of these patients showed clinical evidence of vitamin D deficiency.Methods Preparation and purification of vitamin D3-3H.Crys- talline vitamin D3 1 in 0.2-to 2-g quantities was labeled *
Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Single-Kidney Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Sandra P Silveiro, Luciana A da Costa, Maristela O Beck, Jorge L Gross
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of single-kidney type 2 diabetic patients (SKD) and of single-kidney non-diabetic patients (SKN). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients who had only one kidney for at least 5 years, with no renal disease or hypertension at the time of the nephrectomy and with no calculus or systemic disease at the time of the evaluation, were included in this controlled cross-sectional study A total of 20 SKD (8 men, age 62 ± 9 years; diabetes duration 8.5 ± 7 years), 17 SKN (2 men, age 57 ± 13 years), and 184 type 2 diabetic patients who were matched to the single-kidney diabetic group for age, sex, and BMI were studied. UAER was measured by immunoturbidimetry in timed 24-h sterile urine, and GFR was determined by the 51Cr-EDTA single-injection method. RESULTS SKD patients presented a higher proportion (8 of 20, 40%) of microalbuminuria (UAER 20-200 μg/min) than SKN patients (3 of 17, 17.6%) and type 2 diabetic patients (37 of 184, 20%). SKD patients presented a higher proportion of macroalbuminuria (UAER &amp;gt;200 μg/min; 6 of 20, 30%) than SKN patients (1 of 17, 6%) but were similar to type 2 diabetic patients (43 of 184, 23%). The GFRs of normoalbuminuric SKN (71.7 ± 21.4 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2) and SKD patients (73.0 ± 21.5 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2) were similar but higher than the one-kidney GFR (GFR ÷ 2) of the age-, sex-, and BMI-matched normal individuals (50.5 ± 9.0 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2) and normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients (54.0 ± 11.6 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2). CONCLUSIONS Increased GFR related to single-kidney status confers an increased risk of developing renal disease in the presence of diabetes.
Abstract IA13: The Fanconi anemia-BRCA pathway and chemosensitivity of cancer cells
Authors: Toshiyasu Taniguchi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The Fanconi anemia-BRCA pathway has emerged as an important pathway in cancer biology. Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by chromosomal instability, cancer-susceptibility and cellular sensitivity to interstrand DNA crosslink (ICL)-inducing agents. Sixteen FA genes have been identified (FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1/BRCA2, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ/BRIP1, FANCL, FANCM, FANCN/PALB2, FANCO/RAD51, FANCP/SLX4 and FANCQ/XPF). The FA proteins and breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility proteins, BRCA1 and BRCA2, cooperate in a common pathway required for cellular resistance to ICL-inducing agents. This pathway is called the FA-BRCA pathway or FA pathway. The main function of the pathway is to coordinate multiple DNA repair mechanisms (including homologous recombination) during ICL repair. Inactivation of this pathway in cancer cells can lead to sensitivity to anti-cancer ICL-inducing agents, such as cisplatin, while reactivation of this pathway is implicated in acquired resistance to ICL-inducing agents. Since a part of the FA-BRCA pathway regulates homologous recombination, integrity of the pathway is also important for cellular resistance to PARP inhibitor. Therefore, inhibition of the FA-BRCA pathway is an attractive therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance of tumor cells. In this talk, I will introduce what the FA-BRCA pathway is and how this pathway is inactivated in human cancer. I will also mention our finding that secondary BRCA1/2 mutations, which restore normal function of BRCA1/2 proteins, are involved in acquired drug resistance of BRCA1/2-mutated cancer. Citation Format: Toshiyasu Taniguchi. The Fanconi anemia-BRCA pathway and chemosensitivity of cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
Photograph of a Tuberculosis Patient
Authors: Meghan Doraty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Ad Libitum19 October 2010Photograph of a Tuberculosis PatientMeghan Doraty, BHScMeghan Doraty, BHScFrom Calgary, Alberta T2N 1M7, Canada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Calmette Hospital, Phnom PenhOn a beechwood bedsteadwet with rotthere kneels a girlwhose hair wafts in the draftaround her face. Her skinglistenslike the stone of an avocadoand she huddles into her shawl,a mosquito net,upon which bloomsan iodine blemish.She rubs her thumbsagainst an agatewithin her lap.Taped to the skinof the inner wristan intravenoustube sagsfrom the rusted pole. The salinebag hangs deflated—but she looks to the camera,her face alightin the vinegarglimmer of the sunwhich reaches for herthrough the barsof this infirmary window.Meghan Doraty, BHScCalgary, Alberta T2N 1M7, Canada Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Calgary, Alberta T2N 1M7, Canada.Current Author Address: Meghan Doraty, BHSc, University of Calgary, G102, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 October 2010Volume 153, Issue 8Page: 548 ePublished: 19 October 2010 Issue Published: 19 October 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Directing Integrin-linked Endocytosis of Recombinant AAV Enhances Productive FAK-dependent Transduction
Authors: Paul M Kaminsky, Nicholas W Keiser, Ziying Yan, Diana CM Lei-Butters, John F Engelhardt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is a widely used gene therapy vector. Although a wide range of rAAV serotypes can effectively enter most cell types, their transduction efficiencies (i.e., transgene expression) can vary widely depending on the target cell type. Integrins play important roles as coreceptors for rAAV infection, however, it remains unclear how integrin-dependent and -independent mechanisms of rAAV endocytosis influence the efficiency of intracellular virus processing and ultimately transgene expression. In this study, we examined the contribution of integrin-mediated endocytosis to transduction of fibroblasts by rAAV2. Mn(++)-induced integrin activation significantly enhanced (~17-fold) the efficiency of rAAV2 transduction, without altering viral binding or endocytosis. rAAV2 subcellular localization studies demonstrated that Mn(++) promotes increased clustering of rAAV2 on integrins and recruitment of intracellular vinculin (an integrin effector) to sites of rAAV2 binding at the cell surface. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a downstream effector of integrin signals, was essential for rAAV2/integrin complex internalization and transduction. These findings support a model whereby integrin activation at the cell surface can redirect rAAV2 toward a FAK-dependent entry pathway that is more productive for cellular transduction. This pathway appears to be conserved for other rAAV serotypes that contain a capsid integrin-binding domain (AAV1 and AAV6).
Hypocalcemia Associated with Calcium-Soap Formation in a Patient with a Pancreatic Fistula
Authors: Andrew F. Stewart, Walter Longo, David Kreutter, Ralph Jacob, William J. Burtis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Hypocalcemia has long been known to accompany pancreatitis and is viewed as a poor prognostic sign.1 2 3 Despite the frequency with which hypocalcemia occurs in patients with pancreatitis, the cause of the hypocalcemia in these cases has never been satisfactorily explained. An early theory suggesting that hypocalcemia was the result of the formation of insoluble "calcium soaps"4 , 5 has been given little credence by most authors in recent years. This report demonstrates that formation of calcium soaps occurred in a patient with a pancreatic fistula and pancreatic ascites and that it probably led to hypocalcemia.Case ReportA 60-year-old woman with severe . . .
The Economic Effects of Tobacco Sales in a Nontobacco State
Authors: Jonathan M. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Warner and Fulton<sup>1</sup>are to be congratulated for their dispassionate analysis of a highly charged issue, tobacco and its economic impact. Tobacco-related health expenditures cost at least as much if not more than direct spending on tobacco products, as the authors indicated in their study. In addition to excess use of medical care, there are other economic costs of smoking<sup>2</sup>that have an economic impact on non-tobacco-related industries. These include the costs of more frequent sick leave, higher group life insurance and health insurance premiums, and decreased productivity attributable to smoking-related illnesses. These costs are directly related to the poorer health of smokers compared with nonsmokers and may have important economic implications should the rate of tobacco consumption change. Furthermore, in 1988, an estimated 1 198 887 years of potential life lost before the age of 65 years were attributable to smoking.<sup>3</sup>This results
Abstract 3371: Iodoacetate and 3-bromopyruvate exert differential effects on human neuronal tumor SK-N-SH and U-87 cells
Authors: Alok Bhushan, Tanushree Chatterji, Wendy Wong, Nisha Rizvi, Anurag K. Balaraju, Aishwarya Neti, James C.K. Lai
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Recent interests in the “Warburg effect” stimulated a variety of studies that have demonstrated many aggressive cancers have adapted to hypoxia and shifted to a glycolytic phenotype depending on their micro-environment. However, the mechanisms underlying their adaptive behavior have not been delineated. To further investigate our hypothesis that glycolytic enzymes are targets for new anti-cancer drug discovery, we have examined the effects of iodoacetate (IAA), an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP), an inhibitor of hexokinase II, on human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH and astrocytoma U-87 cells. Our results from survival assays showed that both IAA and 3-BP induced concentration- and time-dependent lowering of survival of both cell types, with the effects of IAA being more potent than those of 3-BP in both cell types while SK-N-SH cells being more susceptible than U-87 cells to 3-BP-induced cytotoxicity. Employing lactate dehydrogenase release from cells to medium as a marker for necrosis, we also found IAA was more potent than 3-BP in inducing necrosis in both cells types. Further investigation employing flow cytometric analysis revealed that at 1-10 µM, IAA induced more apoptosis in SK-N-SH than in U-87 cells while at the higher levels in this range, IAA induced more necrosis relative to apoptosis in both cell types. However, at 10-40 µM, 3-BP induced mainly apoptosis but little necrosis in both cell types. Our results are therefore consistent with the notion that IAA and 3-BP exert differential effects in inducing apoptosis and necrosis in SK-K-SH and U-87 cells. Studies are ongoing to further elucidate the signaling mechanisms mediating these effects induced by IAA and 3-BP. Thus, our findings may have pathophysiological and therapeutic implications in employing glycolysis as a target for discovering new drugs for treating aggressive brain tumors. Citation Format: Alok Bhushan, Tanushree Chatterji, Wendy Wong, Nisha Rizvi, Anurag K. Balaraju, Aishwarya Neti, James C.K. Lai. Iodoacetate and 3-bromopyruvate exert differential effects on human neuronal tumor SK-N-SH and U-87 cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3371. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3371
Scottish healthcare performs no better than England despite higher spending, report finds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Even though Scotland spends more per capita on health than England there is very little difference in performance, according to an annual study comparing European healthcare systems.1

The Euro Health Consumer Index 2013 compares the performance of 35 national healthcare systems using 48 indicators covering waiting times, outcomes, accessibility, prevention, and patient rights.

It found that both English and Scottish healthcare provision lags behind …
Interpret metanephrine results in light of clinical indications
Authors: S. J. Pattman, A. Davison, S. Ball
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Jones and colleagues highlight the importance of making the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma.1 We support their approach of initially undertaking biochemical investigations, but they do not deal clearly with sampling, patient preparation, and clinical indications for the test, which are essential for interpreting results.

Metanephrine concentrations should be interpreted differently in patients with rare genetic …
Incidence of Tuberculosis in Injection Drug Users in San Francisco
Authors: CHARLES L. DALEY, JUDITH A. HAHN, ANDREW R. MOSS, PHILIP C. HOPEWELL, GISELA F. SCHECTER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Between 1990 and 1994, we conducted a prospective study in five methadone maintenance clinics in San Francisco to determine the rate of tuberculosis (TB) in injection drug users, including those who were anergic. Of the 1,745 persons seen in the clinics, 1,109 completed an evaluation that included skin testing with tuberculin and at least two other antigens (mumps, tetanus, and / or Candida), as well as HIV testing. All persons with a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) and anergic individuals who had radiographic evidence of tuberculous infection (i.e., calcified granulomas) were offered isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy. The median follow-up was 22.0 mo. There were 338 (30.5%) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients and 771 (69.5%) HIV-seronegative patients; 96 (28.0%) and 336 (44.0%), respectively, had positive TSTs. Of the HIV-seropositive subjects, 108 (31.9%) had no reaction to any of the three antigens, and were therefore classified as anergic. The rate of TB among the HIV-seropositive, TST-positive patients who did not take INH preventive therapy was 5.0 per 100 person-yr, compared with 0.4 per 100 person-yr among the HIV-seronegative, TST-positive patients (p = 0.007). There were no cases of TB among the anergic subjects. These data indicate that INH preventive therapy is not routinely indicated in anergic, HIV-seropostive patients.
US considers routine childhood hepatitis A vaccination in high risk states
Authors: J. Ciment
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Routine vaccination against hepatitis A for US children in 14 states with a high risk—largely in the western United States—has been recommended by the advisory committee on immunisation at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta.

Vaccination has been recommended for all states where the rate of hepatitis infection exceeds 20 cases in every 100 000 persons, which is …
Mold Infections of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Matthew McCarthy, Axel Rosengart, Audrey N. Schuetz, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, Thomas J. Walsh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Molds are ubiquitous in soil, water, and decaying vegetation and can cause devastating infections that are difficult to treat. This review summarizes the epidemiologic profiles, clinical characteristics, and treatment of mold infections of the central nervous system.
how can experts and novices learn together?
Authors: Ed Peile
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Many of the rapid responses point out that there is a paucity of evidence of the risks of ovarian stimulation and pregnancy for people like Tommy.Even if all the risks were quantifiable, they may be ignored by couples whose lives become dominated by their desperation for a child.In reproductive medicine we see couples who risk their relationships, jobs, homes, and health for an attempt at in vitro fertilisation.At what level of risk do we say no?
Masitinib for the treatment of systemic and cutaneous mastocytosis with handicap: A phase 2a study
Authors: Carle Paul, Beatrix Sans, Felipe Suarez, Philippe Casassus, Stéphane Barete, Fanny Lanternier, Catherine Grandpeix‐Guyodo, Patrice Dubreuil, Fabienne Palmérini, Colin D. Mansfield, Paul Gineste, Alain Moussy, Olivier Hermine, Olivier Lortholary
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Abstract Treatment options for patients suffering from indolent forms of mastocytosis remain inadequate with the hyperactivation of mast cells responsible for many of the disease's systemic manifestations. Masitinib is a potent and highly selective oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor. A combined inhibition of c‐Kit and Lyn make it particularly efficient in controlling the activity of mast cells and therefore, of potential therapeutic benefit in mastocytosis. Masitinib was administered to 25 patients diagnosed as having systemic or cutaneous mastocytosis with related handicap (i.e., disabilities associated with flushes, depression, pruritus and quality‐of‐life) at the initial dose levels of 3 or 6 mg/kg/day over 12 weeks. In accordance with the AFIRMM study, response was based upon change of clinical symptoms associated with patient handicap at week 12 relative to baseline, regardless of disease subtype. Improvement was observed in all primary endpoints at week 12 including a reduction of flushes, Hamilton rating, and pruritus as compared with baseline by 64% ( P = 0.0005), 43% ( P = 0.0049), and 36% ( P = 0.0077), respectively. An overall clinical response was observed in 14/25 patients (56%; [95%CI = 37%−75%]), with sustainable improvement observed throughout an extension phase (&gt;60 weeks). Common adverse events were edema (44%), nausea (44%), muscle spasms (28%), and rash (28%), the majority of which were of mild or moderate severity with a significant decline in frequency observed after 12 weeks of treatment. One patient experienced a serious adverse event of reversible agranulocytosis. Masitinib is a promising treatment for indolent forms of mastocytosis with handicap and indicates acceptable tolerability for long‐term treatment regimens. Am. J. Hematol. 85:921–925, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antidepressant drugs in the elderly
Authors: T D S Seddon
Journal: BMJ (1988)

It is strange that Dr Forsvthe should ask why it takes the secretary of state a vear to determine an appeal under section 190 when the issues are so much weightier.)isciplinary pro- ceedings may arise from a clash of personalities.-Whatever the result of the current deliberations between the DHSS and the Joint Consultants Committee, the lMN6I )112 or similar procedure would lose some of its unf:airness if regional health authorities were stripped of their responsibilitics.if onlv becausc thcv do not tollow the fundamental principles of natural justice in which the accused consultant is told who his accuser is.
IRF-4 and c-Rel expression in antiviral-resistant adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Juan Carlos Ramos, Phillip Ruiz, Lee Ratner, Isildinha M. Reis, Carlos Brites, Celia Pedroso, Gerald E. Byrne, Ngoc L. Toomey, Valentine Andela, Edward W. Harhaj, Izidore S. Lossos, William J. Harrington
Journal: Blood (2006)
Physiological Effects of Adenoviral Gene Transfer of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase in Isolated Rat Myocytes
Authors: Roger J. Hajjar, Jing X. Kang, Judith K. Gwathmey, Anthony Rosenzweig
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background In myocardial cells, relaxation is governed primarily by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ -ATPase transporting enzyme, which regulates Ca 2+ sequestration into the SR. Human and experimental cardiomyopathies are associated with reduced SR Ca 2+ -ATPase activity. Methods and Results To modify intracellular calcium mobilization, we created a recombinant adenovirus designed to overexpress the cardiac SR Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA2a) under the control of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). In neonatal rat myocytes, Ad.RSV.SERCA2a increased the expression of SERCA2a in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent fashion. Enhancement of SR Ca 2+ -ATPase activity was even greater than increases in SERCA2a protein content in cells infected with Ad.RSV.SERCA2a for 48 hours at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) from 0.1 to 10.0 pfu/cell. Intracellular calcium transients measured in the neonatal cells infected with Ad.RSV.SERCA2a were characterized by an abbreviation of the relaxation phase, an increase in peak [Ca 2+ ] i release, and a decrease in resting [Ca 2+ ] i levels. Ad.RSV.SERCA2a also enhanced the contraction of the myocardial cells as detected by shortening measurements. Conclusions We found that adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of SR Ca 2+ -ATPase can modify intracellular calcium handling and shortening in myocardial cells. Such vectors should be useful in examining the role of reduced SERCA2a activity in the pathophysiology of heart failure and in developing strategies for gene therapy.
Psychotherapeutic Examination of Patients with Suspected Chronic Solvent Intoxication
Authors: Noomi Lindberg, Eva Basch-K&aring;hre, Erik Lindberg
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1982)

A group of 13 patients, most of them house or industrial painters with strong evidence of chronic solvent intoxication were given psychotherapy, with a view to ascertaining whether psychological factors may have contributed to the signs and symptoms that had persisted after the acute manifestations had either diminished or ceased altogether. All the patients were found to have experienced severe psychic traumata during their first year of life-the preverbal period. This had resulted in defective development of language, which was reflected in a lack of words for expressing emotions; instead these were expressed nonverbally as somatic symptoms. The results of the study indicate unequivocally that in none of the 13 patients were the symptoms due to the toxic effect of solvents, all of them having a psychological rather than a somatic causation. After an analysis of the symptoms by means of an established psychotherapeutic method they diminished in severity and a number of the patients recovered completely.