tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aesculapius: A Modern Tale
Authors: Judith Anne Stanton
Journal: JAMA (1999)

A snake-entwined staff.The oath of Hippocrates.The clinical acumen of Osler and the compassionate service of Schweitzer.These are the symbols and personifications of our chosen profession.One symbol of medicine since antiquity has been the Aesculapian staff. 1 A glance through this journal will uncover the staff in the American Medical Association's emblem, depicting a snake coiled around the rough, knotty staff of the Greek physician Aesculapius.In this issue of MSJAMA, Nathan W. Williams explores the connection between snakes and the art of healing across cultures; Judith Anne Stanton introduces us to Aesculapius.Williams reveals that the serpent can represent the forces of both healing and destruction.Stanton demonstrates that society's alternating praise and distrust of the medical profession have been present throughout time and suggests that such ambivalence will continue.Valerie A. Jones turns her attention to another Greek healer, Hippocrates, who bestowed on modern medicine a legacy of ethical thought embodied in his famous oath.This pledge has become part of a new ceremony that Jones describes in her discussion of a second inherited symbol of the profession-the physician's white coat.Timothy Lahey, MD, argues that we must preserve the purity of the meaning behind such symbols as the white coat by always acting in the best interest of our patients.By exploring the symbols that form and influence the culture of medicine, we hope to come closer to the heart of what it means to be a physician.
Multiple newly identified loci associated with prostate cancer susceptibility
Authors: Rosalind A Eeles, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Graham G Giles, Ali Amin Al Olama, Michelle Guy, Sarah K Jugurnauth, Shani Mulholland, Daniel A Leongamornlert, Stephen M Edwards, Jonathan Morrison, Helen I Field, Melissa C Southey, Gianluca Severi, Jenny L Donovan, Freddie C Hamdy, David P Dearnaley, Kenneth R Muir, Charmaine Smith, Melisa Bagnato, Audrey T Ardern-Jones, Amanda L Hall, Lynne T O'Brien, Beatrice N Gehr-Swain, Rosemary A Wilkinson, Angie Cox, Sarah Lewis, Paul M Brown, Sameer G Jhavar, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Artitaya Lophatananon, Sarah L Bryant, Alan Horwich, Robert A Huddart, Vincent S Khoo, Christopher C Parker, Christopher J Woodhouse, Alan Thompson, Tim Christmas, Chris Ogden, Cyril Fisher, Charles Jamieson, Colin S Cooper, Dallas R English, John L Hopper, David E Neal, Douglas F Easton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Recent developments in the drug treatment of motor neurone disease
Authors: R W Orrell, R J M Lane, R J Guiloff
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The special difficulties in evaluating ecological findings are further exemplified in a recent survey in Norway in which the risk of Down's syndrome fell with increasing levels of estimated radiation from Chernobyl.13Because misclassification of exposure and inadequate control of important cofactors can lead to spurious associations, both positive and negative, ecological analyses must be interpreted with great caution.The importance of studies of human populations exposed to radiation from Chernobyl is not to prove that radiation causes cancer: this has been accepted for more than 50 years, and risks are remarkably well quantified.2Rather, the studies with individual dose characterisations might provide new information on the effects of exposure 1 Commission of the European Communities.Feasibility of studies on health effects in western Europe due to the reactor accident at Chernobyl and recommendation for research.Luxembourg:
An 8-Year-Old Boy With Autism
Authors: Isabelle Rapin
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adequacy of cervical cytology sampling with the Cervex brush and the Aylesbury spatula: a population based randomised controlled trial
Authors: P. Dey, S. Collins, M. Desai, C. Woodman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To compare the adequacy of cervical cytology sampling with two sampling instruments commonly used in primary care—namely, the Aylesbury spatula and the Cervex brush. <b>Design</b>: Pair matched, population based randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b>: 86 general practices and family planning clinics in Greater Manchester. <b>Subjects</b>: 15 882 cervical smears taken from women aged 20-64 years as part of the national cervical screening programme. <b>Interventions</b>: Participating centres were allocated to sample with either the Cervex brush or the Aylesbury spatula. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Inadequate smear rate. <b>Results</b>: 5.4% and 5.5% (433/8086 and 426/7796) of smears taken with the Cervex brush and the Aylesbury spatula respectively were reported as inadequate (odds ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.22). <b>Conclusion</b>: The Cervex brush offers no advantage over the Aylesbury spatula in reducing inadequate smear rates in the primary care setting. <h3>Key messages</h3> Cervical sampling instruments have rarely been formally evaluated in population based settings Group randomisation is useful when evaluating community based interventions but requires modified statistical techniques The Cervex brush offers no advantage over the Aylesbury spatula in reducing rates of inadequate smears when used in primary care
Meta-analysis of filaggrin polymorphisms in eczema and asthma: Robust risk factors in atopic disease
Authors: Elke Rodríguez, Hansjörg Baurecht, Esther Herberich, Stefan Wagenpfeil, Sara J. Brown, Heather J. Cordell, Alan D. Irvine, Stephan Weidinger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Central nervous system (CNS)–resident natural killer cells suppress Th17 responses and CNS autoimmune pathology
Authors: Junwei Hao, Ruolan Liu, Wenhua Piao, Qinghua Zhou, Timothy L. Vollmer, Denise I. Campagnolo, Rong Xiang, Antonio La Cava, Luc Van Kaer, Fu-Dong Shi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Natural killer (NK) cells of the innate immune system can profoundly impact the development of adaptive immune responses. Inflammatory and autoimmune responses in anatomical locations such as the central nervous system (CNS) differ substantially from those found in peripheral organs. We show in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis that NK cell enrichment results in disease amelioration, whereas selective blockade of NK cell homing to the CNS results in disease exacerbation. Importantly, the effects of NK cells on CNS pathology were dependent on the activity of CNS-resident, but not peripheral, NK cells. This activity of CNS-resident NK cells involved interactions with microglia and suppression of myelin-reactive Th17 cells. Our studies suggest an organ-specific activity of NK cells on the magnitude of CNS inflammation, providing potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Future seems promising for coronary angioplasty
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Sometime in the mid-1980s, the balloon catheter and the laser may be used together to double-team the problem of plaque-occluded arteries. Andreas R. Grüntzig, MD, told<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS during the American Heart Association's scientific sessions in Anaheim, Calif, that his Emory University team expects to look into this approach in a couple of years. As Grüntzig, who did much of the pioneer clinical work with PTCA in Europe in the 1970s, envisions it, the laser would be used to create an opening in "hard plaque" into which the balloon catheter could then be inserted. He also foresees improved balloons that will be able to exert much greater pressure against calcified lesions in arteries than presently is possible. In fact, Grüntzig told an international symposium at the Texas Heart Institute, Houston, "stronger balloon material" and more steerable catheters already are contributing to low rates of mortality (0.1%) and emergency bypass
Notes on the Pathology and Treatment of Cholera
Authors: G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1865)

IN a previous communication (p* .;}tated that the presence of a morbid poisomn it:f bkod as the essential cause of cholera, is very yditted.There does, however, exist some-scepticism with re- g,ard to this point; and, therefore, it seems not un- desirable to state briefy the ch f facts and argu- ments which are in favour of the doctrine in question.
Is distribution of vacancies for hospital jobs a reflection of new NHS?
Authors: A D Jenkinson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—The NHS is undergoing unprecedented changes. Hospital trusts are being asked to supply continued quality care while restructuring and modernisation continue apace. In addition, doctors' hours have been cut and the number of specialist registrar training posts recommended by the Surgical Workforce Advisory Group is falling in several acute specialties. To maintain service commitments to the community how are trusts coping?

We audited the employment practice of NHS trusts by counting the number and type of jobs available in six front line specialties. We recorded all job vacancies, from consultant to any level above senior house officer, …
Caring at the End of Our Lives
Authors: Joanne Lynn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Growing up in West Virginia, I would hear older folks say, “Mr. Jones is failing now.” They meant that he had entered the final phase of disease and was now too tired to fulfill his usual obligations or even to care for himself and that he would soon take to his bed and die. This folk observation reflects the National Hospice Study's finding that measures of the quality of life of most persons dying of cancer declined substantially in their last few weeks.1 Except for iatrogenic episodes, cancer usually means long periods of functional stability or slow decline, followed by . . .
Injury and Repair in Arterial Tissue in the Rabbit
Authors: SEPPO LINDY, HEIKKI TURTO, JOUNI UITTO, PEKKA HELIN, IB LORENZEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

The aortic wall in rabbits was injured by pulling an inflated balloon catheter through the aorta. This was followed by an increase of the RNA-DNA ratio in the aortic wall 3 days after the injury. At the same time, the cathodic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes composed of M subunits increased. The changes in LDH may reflect tissue hypoxia at the early phase after the injury. At 6 days protocollagen proline hydroxylase activity was increased, suggesting increased capacity for collagen formation in the injured aorta. Two weeks after injury the total content of hydroxyproline and DNA were increased, indicating connective tissue proliferation and hyperplasia in the injured aorta. The biochemical changes were interpreted as a repair response of the arterial connective tissue to injury. Gross arteriosclerosis of the aorta developed simultaneously with the biochemical alterations.
Impact of Contionous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment on Atrial Electromechanical Delay and P Wave Dispersion with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Pınar Türker Bayır, Burcu Demirkan, Ömer Bayır, Serkan Duyuler, Hikmet Fırat, Ümit Güray, Emel Cadallı Tatar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Routine urinalysis in a general dermatology clinic
Authors: D.J. Gawkrodger, M. Davies
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Routine urinalysis in a general dermatology clinic Get access D.J. Gawkrodger, D.J. Gawkrodger Department of Dermatology, Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Royal Hospital, Chesterfield S44 5BL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Davies M. Davies Department of Dermatology, Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Royal Hospital, Chesterfield S44 5BL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 132, Issue 1, 1 January 1995, Pages 167–168, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08658.x Published: 01 January 1995
Maternal Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type X
Authors: Dale E. Hammerschmidt, Mary A. Arneson, Stephen L. Larson, Robert A. Van Tassel, James L. McKenna
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The proposita of the first kindred described with dysfibronectinemic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome conceived and gave birth to a normal, unaffected infant. The ability of the gravida's plasma to support collagen-induced aggregation of normal platelets improved during the pregnancy, perhaps reflecting a change in level or functional status of fibronectin and contributing to the surprisingly normal hemostasis and wound healing she enjoyed. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type X does not preclude safe childbearing. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:2487-2488)
The Quantitative Determination of Renin in the Plasma of Patients with Arterial Hypertension
Authors: OSCAR M. HELMER, WALTER E. JUDSON, R. M. Sanders
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A method was described for the quantitative determination of renin in small amounts of dialyzed human plasma, utilizing the first order reaction constant. A wide variation was found in the renin-substrate (angiotensinogen) content of plasma of patients with arterial hypertension. Many of these patients had high concentrations of this factor.
5-HT3 receptor antagonists protect against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in murine
Authors: Rong Huo, Chang Chen, Yan Chen, Zhe Li, Yunlong Hou, Deli Dong
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Activation of cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex results in the increase of sympathetic activity. Serotonin (5-HT) activates cardiac sympathetic afferent through stimulating 5-HT3 receptors, the aim of present study is to test whether 5-HT3 receptor antagonists protect against cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy induced by TAC for 4 weeks in mice was significantly inhibited by administration of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, ondansetron (2.5 mg/kg, ip.) or tropisetron (2.5 mg/kg, ip.). Histological analysis revealed that the increased cardiac fibrosis in hypertrophic heart was relieved by ondansetron or tropisetron treatment. Ondansetron or tropisetron reduced the elevated plasma level of noradrenalin in mice with cardiac hypertrophy. Ondansetron and tropisetron had no effect on cardiomyocte hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine treatment in vitro. Finally, we took tropisetron as the representative drug and examined the effects of tropisetron on the desensitization of cardiac β-adrenergic receptor in rat treated with abdominal aortic banding (AB). Results showed that tropisetron restored the desensitization of cardiac β-adrenergic receptor in AB-treated rats. In conclusion, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists protected against cardiac hypertrophy and restored the desensitization of cardiac adrenergic responsiveness, the mechanism in which may be through reducing the sympathetic activity.
The Role of Carotid Bruit in Screening for Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Thomas Rea
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 October 1997The Role of Carotid Bruit in Screening for Carotid StenosisThomas Rea, MDThomas Rea, MDSeattle, WA 98104Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-8_Part_1-199710150-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I concur with Lee and colleagues' [1] careful evaluation and discussion of the cost-effectiveness of screening for carotid stenosis in asymptomatic persons. However, I wonder whether the authors considered the clinical question of importance: Would screening only persons with carotid bruits be cost-effective? Auscultation of the carotid arteries is a simple, safe, and inexpensive maneuver. In addition, the presence of a neck bruit is a fairly reproducible finding on physical examination [2]. Thus, could the presence of a carotid bruit initially and appropriately narrow the asymptomatic target population?In a population similar in age to that of ...References1. Lee TT, Solomon NA, Heidenreich PA, Oehlert J, Garber AM. Cost-effectiveness of screening for carotid stenosis in asymptomatic persons. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:337-46. Google Scholar2. Chambers BR, Norris JW. Clinical significance of asymptomatic neck bruits. Neurology. 1985; 35:742-5. Google Scholar3. Zhu C, Norris JW. Role of carotid stenosis in ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1990; 21:1131-4. Google Scholar4. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA. 1995; 273:1421-8. Google Scholar5. Ziegler DR, Zileli T, Dick A, Selbaugh JL. Correlation of bruits over the carotid artery with angiographically demonstrated lesions. Neurology. 1971; 21:860-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Thomas Rea, MDAffiliations: Seattle, WA 98104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCarotid Endarterectomy 15 October 1997Volume 127, Issue 8_Part_1Page: 657 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 October 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Aromatase Inhibitors as Adjuvant Therapy for Postmenopausal Patients With Early Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: R. Kudachadkar, R. M. O'Regan
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2005)

Endocrine therapy of hormone receptor-positive breast tumors is widely used as palliative therapy for metastatic breast cancer and as adjuvant therapy for early stage breast cancer. Tamoxifen has been the definitive standard of hormonal therapies for the last 30 years because of its documented efficacy and reasonable safety profile. Based on encouraging results from trials utilizing the selective, third generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in metastatic breast cancer, a number of trials were designed to examine these agents as adjuvant therapies. Trials directly comparing AIs with tamoxifen have, to date, demonstrated superior disease-free-survival with AIs. Likewise, trials examining the use of AIs after tamoxifen have demonstrated better outcomes compared with tamoxifen alone. Additionally, letrozole has been demonstrated to result in superior disease-free-survival after 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen, compared with no further therapy. In general, the AIs are tolerated at least as well as tamoxifen but decrease bone mineral density and increase osteoporosis due to their lack of estrogenic effects on bone. Based on the fact that AIs appear more effective at preventing contralateral breast cancers than tamoxifen, they are being examined as breast cancer preventives. Despite available data using the AIs as adjuvant therapies, many questions remain unanswered, and further trials will be needed to address these important issues.
Long-term Trial of Oral Treatment of Pernicious Anaemia with Vitamin-B12-Peptide
Authors: J. L. Withey, J. H. Jones, G. S. Kilpatrick
Journal: BMJ (1963)

When it was suggested that pernicious anaemia could be successfully treated by an oral preparation of vitamin B52 as a peptide complex (Heathcote and Mooney, 1958) it was decided to treat a group of patients suffering from pernicious anaemia with this preparation.We decided to regard a response as satisfactory if the treatment was able to maintain not only the haemoglobin level but also the serum-vitamin-B12 concentration at a satisfactory level.
Studies on Gastritis in the Upper Portion of Stomach by Endoscopic Congo Red Test
Authors: M. Tatsuta, T. Saegusa, Sh. Okuda
Journal: Endoscopy (1973)

Technique for endoscopic examination of the extent of gastritis in upper portion of the stomach was established with congo red solution. Gastritis in upper portion of the stomach was then examined by this technique and in resected stomachs. The results was as follows: 1. By means of congo red test, it is possible to demonstrate the extent of gastritis in the upper stomach as “non-discolored area” characterized by absence of acid secretion. – 2. Histological characteristics of gastritis in the upper stomach consisted mainly of atrophy of fundic glands and intestinal metaplasia, while epithelial defect, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and hyperemia were also detected. – 3. Two different modes of gastritic extension were recognized: one in which gastritis spreads from the lower corpus to cardiac side, and the other in which it begins on the cardiac side and spreads to the lower. – 4. Gastritis starting on the cardiac side, grows with aging, and the histological changes were advance of fundic gland's atrophy and intestinal metaplasia.
THE PATHOGENIC OMENTUM
Authors: JOHN WILLIAM DRAPER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Congenital defects of the omentum may so alter its form as to destroy its protective mechanism and make it a menace to life. Clinically speaking, the intraabdominal bands so often found in relation to the colon are of two types: first, those continuous with and structurally analogous to the omentum, and, second, the more frequently and extensively studied true pericolic membranes. The latter are serous structures more or less closely resembling the peritoneum, and carrying a variable blood supply but no fatty tissue. In the course of a recent study comprising the resection of 169 pathogenic colons, we have been struck with the importance of making a clear distinction between these two anatomically separate structures and their relative capacities for causing serious harm to the colon. Omental bands or deviants, when extensive, are prone to contain a great deal of fibrous tissue which is secondary to the well known bacteriolytic
Letter: Exsanguinating digital tourniquet.
Authors: G D Smellie
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Mechanism of Gouty Inflammation SIR,-In your leading article on this subject (20 October, p. 125) you emphasize the occurrence of leucotaxis after ingestion of sodium urate crvstals by lucocytes.You might also have mentioned the elegant work of Naff and his colleagues,3 2 which showed that sodium urate cystals (but not calcium pyrophosphate) are capable of activating compl-ment with release of chemotactic factors directly, without ingestion by cells.This mechanism may operate in acute gouty arthropathy as well, and contribute to the exuda-e.Complement depletion in animals inhibiPs uric acid crystal-induced inflamma- tion.3I am, etc.,