tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Pathology of Opportunistic Infections: With Pathogenetic, Diagnostic, and Clinical Correlations
Authors: Yezid Gutierrez
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book is divided into two general parts: one, the approach to diagnosis of opportunistic infections, with chapters on the role of the pathologist, invasive techniques, handling of the specimen, special stains, and morphology of opportunistic pathogens on light and electron microscopes; two, the specific clinicopathological entities. Bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa are covered in 16 chapters.  Each chapter has a roster of summary statements at the beginning. Each is then organized into sections that cover the organism, epidemiology and route of infection, clinical manifestations, macroscopic and microscopic pathology, and diagnostic considerations. A few key references end the chapter. There are 124 photographs of both gross and microscopic specimens of which 35 are in full color and illustrate the different pathogens by means of special stains. In addition, the book has 34 well-organized and clear tables.  The prose is lucid, concise, and easy to follow. All of the important pathogens
Mutagenesis of the catalytic triad of tissue transglutaminase abrogates coeliac disease serum IgA autoantibody binding
Authors: G. Byrne, F. Ryan, J. Jackson, C. Feighery, J. Kelly
Journal: Gut (2006)

Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is an autoantigen in coeliac disease and the related disorder, dermatitis herpetiformis. The detection of autoantibodies directed against tTG is a highly specific marker of coeliac disease; however, it is unclear if there is a role for these autoantibodies in the disease process. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the catalytic triad of tTG is targeted by coeliac disease autoantibodies.A full-length wild-type recombinant tTG and a novel site-directed mutagenic variant lacking the catalytic triad were produced in Escherichia coli. Serum samples from 61 biopsy-proven coeliac disease and 10 dermatitis herpetiformis patients were tested for their recognition of both antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Although IgA autoantibodies from sera of patients with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis bound wild-type tTG well, a dramatic decrease in binding to the mutant tTG was observed with a mean reduction of 79% in coeliac disease and 58% in dermatitis herpetiformis samples. IgG anti-tTG antibodies did not show a similar pattern of reduction, with no overall difference in recognition of the wild-type or mutant tTGs.These results suggest that the IgA anti-tTG response in coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis is focused on the region of tTG responsible for its transamidation and deamidation reactions, whereas the IgG response may target other regions of the enzyme.
Incremental Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Arrhythmic Risk Stratification of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy–Associated Desmosomal Mutation Carriers
Authors: Anneline S.J.M. te Riele, Aditya Bhonsale, Cynthia A. James, Neda Rastegar, Brittney Murray, Jeremy R. Burt, Crystal Tichnell, Srinivasa Madhavan, Daniel P. Judge, David A. Bluemke, Stefan L. Zimmerman, Ihab R. Kamel, Hugh Calkins, Harikrishna Tandri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
797-5 Ulceration of Smooth Muscle Cell-Rich Plaques: A Frequent Cause of Coronary Artery Thrombosis That is not Mediated by HLA-DR Expression
Authors: Andrew Farb, Anita L. Tang, Allen P. Burke, Youhai Liang, Poonam Mannan, John Smialek, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Targeted Therapy Trials: Approval Strategies, Target Validation, or Helping Patients?
Authors: Paulo M. Hoff, Lee M. Ellis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

We are witnessing the coming of age for molecular-targeted agents as a treatment strategy for malignancies in general and metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) in particular. We can now select from three different monoclonal antibodies (MoABs), targeting either the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for MCRC. However, the excitement associated with the availability of these new drugs has to be tempered by the fact that the longest median survival reported in any large randomized trial in MCRC remains less than 24 months, regardless of treatment regimen, and suggests that we maybehittingaceiling. 1 Furthermore,toourknowledge,thereare nocompletedtrialsthathaveactuallydemonstratedtheadditionof the EGFR-targeted MoABs results in a significant increase in median overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy alone in any line of therapy, in part due to cross-over study design and the use of new agents outside of clinical trials. In the past, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved most new agents based on improvements in OS. However, the availability of multiple lines of effective therapy results in a confounding effect on any single regimen’s real impact on OS. In addition, better regimens meant that the duration of trials would have to increase to reach a primary end point of OS, a significant problem in a rapidly evolving field. Slowly, a consensus has been achieved, whereby a significant improvement in progression-free survival(PFS)isanacceptablesurrogateendpointforanimprovement in OS, and the FDA has accepted it as the primary end point in registration trials. Both EGFR-targeted MoABs currently available (cetuximab and panitumumab) were approved by the FDA based on improvements in PFS, without having demonstrated a statistically significant benefit in OS. InthisissueoftheJournalofClinicalOncology,VanCutsemet
THE RELATION OF ACUTE INFECTIONS TO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS.
Authors: WILLIAM SYDNEY THAYER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In a recent study in which one of us has been engaged, on the cardiac and vascular complications and sequels of typhoid fever,<sup>1</sup>several rather suggestive facts have come to light with regard to the possible causal relation of this disease to sclerotic changes in the arteries. One hundred and eighty-nine individuals who had passed through typhoid fever under our observation were examined months and years after their infection. It was found that among these individuals: (<i>a</i>) The radial arteries were palpable in a surprisingly large proportion of cases as compared with control observations on healthy men and women who had never had typhoid fever. Between the ages of 10 and 50, 48.3 per cent. of the old typhoids showed palpable radials, as compared with 17.5 per cent. among ordinary healthy individuals. These proportions held in every decade, and were not essentially modified in tables from which all giving a history of serious infections or alcoholic habits had been excluded.
Palladium-103 plaque radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma
Authors: Paul T. Finger, Anthony Berson, Andrzej Szechter
Journal: Ophthalmology (1999)

<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Objective</h3> To describe the first clinical experience with palladium-103 (<sup>103</sup>Pd) ophthalmic plaque radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma. <h3>Design</h3> Phase-I (nonrandomized) clinical trial. <h3>Participants</h3> Eighty patients with uveal melanomas were diagnosed by clinical examination, found to be negative for metastatic disease, and offered <sup>103</sup>Pd radioactive plaque treatment. Nine patients were concurrently treated with microwave hyperthermia. <h3>Intervention</h3> Palladium-103 ophthalmic plaque radiotherapy was employed for each patient. Eye plaques were sewn to the episclera to cover the base of the intraocular tumor, radiation was continuously delivered over 5 to 7 days, and then the plaques were removed. A mean apical dose of 81 Gy was delivered. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> The authors evaluated the ease of use of <sup>103</sup>Pd seeds within standard gold eye plaques. Patient-related outcomes were control of tumor growth, change in visual acuity, the development of radiation damage (retinopathy, optic neuropathy, and cataract), and metastatic disease. <h3>Results</h3> From September 1990 to December 1997, 80 patients were treated with <sup>103</sup>Pd and followed for an average of 38 months. Two patients were lost to follow-up. During this time, the authors found that <sup>103</sup>Pd seeds were equivalent to iodine-125 (<sup>125</sup>I) with respect to plaque manufacture and ease of dosimetric calculations. Two patients in this series were treated for tumor recurrence after <sup>125</sup>I plaque radiotherapy. They both failed secondary <sup>103</sup>Pd treatment and were enucleated. When <sup>103</sup>Pd was used as a primary treatment, it controlled the growth of 75 of 78 tumors (96%). Overall, there have been six enucleations: three failures of primary treatment, two failures of retreatment, and one for neovascular glaucoma. Visual acuity evaluations at the 36-month follow-up visit (including the enucleated patients) revealed that 38% of eyes had decreased 3 or more lines of vision, and 77% were 20/200 or better. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Palladium-103 plaque radiotherapy can be used to treat uveal melanomas. Compared with <sup>125</sup>I, computerized dosimetry suggests a more favorable dose distribution with <sup>103</sup>Pd. Treatment of most patients resulted in tumor shrinkage and preservation of functional vision. The authors have noted no complications that might preclude the use of <sup>103</sup>Pd ophthalmic plaque radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma.
Variable effects of human and canine polymorphonuclear leucocytes on vascular smooth muscle tone
Authors: J Gonzales, J L Mehta, D L Lawson, W W Nichols, F A Nicolini
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Previous studies have shown variable effects of human and canine polymorphonuclear leucocytes (neutrophils) on vascular tone. The aim of this study was to identify whether these variations in neutrophil function are due to species differences.Canine and human arterial rings (with and without endothelium) were contracted with the thromboxane A2 analogue U46619, and then exposed to isolated neutrophils.Human neutrophils caused a significant relaxation of the human mammary arterial rings, and the relaxation was unaffected by the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, enhanced by superoxide dismutase (SOD), and inhibited by oxyhaemoglobin. The relaxant effect of human neutrophils was also diminished upon pretreatment with NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA), indicating that the vasorelaxant material released by the neutrophils was nitric oxide (NO). Human neutrophils also relaxed canine femoral arterial rings, and the relaxant effect was potentiated by SOD and inhibited by pretreatment with oxyhaemoglobin or L-NMMA, confirming that the vasorelaxation was via release of NO. Canine neutrophils, on the other hand, caused an endothelium dependent contraction of autologous femoral arterial rings. This vasoconstriction was not affected by indomethacin, SOD, oxyhaemoglobin, or L-NMMA. However, treatment of canine neutrophils with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor piriprost attenuated (p < 0.02) their contractile effect on vascular rings, suggesting that neutrophil generated 5-lipoxygenase products were probably responsible for smooth muscle contraction. Presence of the leukotriene C4 and D4 receptor antagonist FPL 55,712 totally blocked the contractile effects of canine neutrophils, indicating that femoral arterial ring contraction was mediated by peptido-leukotrienes.The endothelium dependent nature of the canine neutrophil induced contraction suggests that the 5-lipoxygenase product leukotriene A4 is taken up by endothelial cells for conversion to peptido-leukotrienes. Since SOD had no effect and FPL 55,712 totally blocked the vasoconstrictor effects of canine neutrophils, it appears that the vasoconstrictor effects of the latter are mediated primarily through peptido-leukotrienes. In contrast, the vasorelaxation by human neutrophils is mediated through release of NO.
Acquired zinc deficiency. Cutaneous manifestations typical of acrodermatitis enteropathica
Authors: S. B. Tucker
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A patient given long-term total parenteral nutrition acquired a zinc deficiency severe enough to cause typical cutaneous manifestations of acrodermatitis enteropathica. This report, the first detailed one, to our knowledge, of such an association, adds to the accumulating evidence that supplementation of trace elements is needed in long-term parenteral nutrition.
Sleep Paralysis, Psychosis, and Death
Authors: SIM C. LIDDON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The author presents two case reports of patients who, in their psychotic productions, were unusually preoccupied with death. These contrast with previously reported patients with sleep paralysis who were concerned with various conflicts. He suggests that anxiety accompanying sleep paralysis might be associated with several conflict situations and that the experience has no specific psychological meaning in itself. It may be interpreted differently by different patients, depending upon their individual makeup.
Should trusts be allowed to fail?
Authors: C Chantler, A Maynard
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The logic of competition and the inevitable product of collaboration in healthcare markets is that there will be winners and losers. At present, Britain's self governing NHS trust hospitals compete to provide services for patients, and the loss of contracts, for whatever reason, makes their viability uncertain. This was recognised in the government's original white paper on the internal NHS market,1 which stated that the assets would revert to the ownership of the secretary of state if a trust was wound up. It has now been reported that Anglian Harbour NHS Trust will be dissolved on 31 August after losing contracts to neighbouring trusts.2 The viability of many other trusts in other places is in doubt, and they await the decisions of the new government to determine their fate.

The contraction of the hospital sector is not new. A recent report from the University of London notes that the number of acute beds in …
Patch testing with a combination of unrelated allergens: a new strategy
Authors: J. MCLELLAND, S. SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

A simplified method of patch testing was designed, in which several totally unrelated allergens were combined in each patch. The method was evaluated by double blind comparison of responses to 17 standard allergens applied individually as 17 conventional patch tests, and as two different sets of five patches each containing combinations of three of four allergens per patch, in 137 patients under investigation for contact allergic dermatitis. There were 89 positive responses to conventional patch testing with separate allergens and 94 and 86 positives to the two different combinations of the same allergens. Concordance of positive reactions to the two combinations was 80% and there were no irritant reactions. Conventional testing detected 70 and 74% of reactions to combination patches 1 and 2 and combination patches 1 and 2 detected 80 and 79% of the reactions to conventional testing. The combinations detected clinically relevant sensitivities not found by conventional testing. Thus, combination patch testing appears to give consistent and reliable results; its use would reduce the number of patches and increase the diagnostic yield for the specialist and permit preliminary screening by the general practitioner.
Inhaled nitric oxide in premature neonates with severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: John P Kinsella, William F Walsh, Carl L Bose, Dale R Gerstmann, JJ Labella, Smeeta Sardesai, Michele C Walsh-Sukys, Martin J McCaffrey, David N Cornfield, Vinod K Bhutani, Gary R Cutter, Monika Baier, Steven H Abman
Journal: The Lancet (1999)
Out-patient treatment of psoriasis: short contact and overnight dithranol therapy compared
Authors: S.K. JONES, W.C. CAMPBELL, RONA M. MACKIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Short contact (30 min) and overnight therapy with 1%, 2%, and 3% dithranol in an ointment base were compared in 30 out‐patients with plaque psoriasis. Both regimes produced significant clearing, there being no statistically significant difference between the two. There were three withdrawals from each group. The remaining 12 patients on the 30 min regime found it both effective and practical. It is therefore a useful alternative regime for out‐patient dithranol therapy.
Transatlantic warning bells sound on rheumatic fever
Authors: J G Bissenden
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Transatlantic warning bells sound on rheumatic fever Last year saw a resurgence of acute rheumatic fever in the United States of America.Between January 1985 and June 1986 in Salt Lake City, Utah, 74 confirmed cases were seen in one centre compared with six a year for the preceding 10
Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Leukocytes
Authors: Lawrence R. Dechatelet, Charles E. McCall, Linda C. McPhail, Richard B. Johnston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Superoxide dismutase activity has been identified in both human neutrophils and rabbit alveolar macrophages by two distinct assay procedures. The enzyme is insensitive to both cyanide and azide and is present in the cytosol of the cell. The identification of this enzyme in phagocytic cells is compatible with the theory that superoxide anion might be involved in the bactericidal activity of the cell. It is proposed that the enzyme functions to protect the cell against superoxide generated during the phagocytic process.
Cyclophosphamide-Prednisone Therapy of Lethal Midline Granuloma
Authors: Ezra M. Greenspan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

LETHAL MALIGNANT midline granuloma is a relentless, destructive disorder of the facial tissues and other structures. It usually takes a progressive downhill course, lasting one to three years after the onset.<sup>1</sup>Less than 150 cases of this rare disease of unknown etiology have been reported since McBride's first description<sup>2</sup>in 1897. A close relationship has been postulated between lethal midline granuloma and Wegener's granulomatosis,<sup>3</sup>which are both considered to be variants of periarteritis nodosa or other collagen-vascular diseases. A substantial number of patients with midline granuloma experience involvement of the lungs and other distant sites. Such involvements culminate in a terminal clinical state similar to that produced by progressive Wegener's granulomatosis. Therapy of midline granuloma has been unsatisfactory despite transient response to steroids and temporary healing of individual lesions after x-radiation therapy.<sup>4</sup>Long-term regression of progressive midline lethal granuloma by any systemic therapy has not yet
Teenagers are using sunbeds less since ban but are still getting burnt
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The number of under 18 year olds who use sunbeds in Great Britain has fallen, but half of users say that they have been burnt at some point, shows a new survey.

Legislation was implemented in Scotland in 2009 and in England and Wales in 2011 to make it illegal for under 18s to use sunbeds in commercial settings. Wales and Scotland also have measures for all sunbeds to be supervised by trained staff. However, children can still manage to sidestep the ban by using …
Desmoplastic hairless hypopigmented naevus: a variant of giant congenital melanocytic naevus
Authors: R. Ruiz-Maldonado, L. Orozco-Covarrubias, C. Ridaura-Sanz, C. DurAn-McKinster, M. Del Mar Saez De Ocariz Gutierrez, L. Tamayo-Sanchez
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Desmoplasia has been described in melanoma and Spitz naevus but not in giant congenital melanocytic naevus (GCMN). In melanoma desmoplasia is associated with a better survival. Four paediatric patients with hard, ligneous, progressively hypopigmented and alopecic GCMN were seen among 143 cases of GCMN at the Department of Dermatology of the National Institute of Paediatrics, Mexico City. Clinically, induration was progressive in three patients and regressive in one. Pigmentation was regressive in all. Histopathologically, all four patients showed intense dermal fibrosis, scarce naevus cells, and hypotrophic or absent hair follicles. Follow-up and serial biopsies in three patients documented the progressive nature of fibrosis and naevus cell depletion. No evidence of malignant transformation was found. Naevus cell depletion resulted in pigment loss and may have reduced the risk of malignant transformation. Although the cause of fibrosis is unknown, the possibility of an immune reaction to naevus cells is postulated.
Letter: Screening--G.P. or family planning doctor?
Authors: N Chisholm
Journal: BMJ (1974)

ceivably be playing a part in the aetiology of other disease entities,9 and halogenated salicylanilides and related compounds may not be the only drugs retained in this manner.'0Dr. R. H. Champion, in the article "Diseases of the Skin: Drug Therapy of Urticaria" (22 December 1973, p. 730) states that "antihistamine drugs may, if necessary, be continued for months or years with safety."How can he be sure of this?How can we be certain that any of the photosensitizing drugs which cover a wide therapeutic range and include several anti- histamines are not retained in the dermis for long periods, eventually playing a part in the production of actinic reticuloid in sus- ceptible subjects?Promethazine, an anti- histamine, and chlorpromazine, a tran- quillizer, two phenothiazine derivatives, may cause persistent photodermatitis which depends upon concomitant oral administration and external application."'3The active photocontact sensitizers cause multiple cross- sensitivities'4 and it is conceivable that one or several photosensitizing drugs retained in the dermis might be immunologically activated by an external powerful sensitizer such as fenticlor, leading to actinic reticu- loid.-Iam, etc.,
THE RATE OF SEBUM EXCRETION IN MAN
Authors: W. J. CUNLIFFE, SAM SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— The method introduced by Strauss and Pochi (1961) for measuring the rate of sebum secretion has been critically investigated and a number of sources of error defined. These are choice and preparation of absorbing papers, the technique of sebum collection, weighing, and the ambient humidity. A decrease in the absorbency of the paper during the collection was not found. Modification of the method with careful attention to detail has increased the reproducibility of the results and there is good agreement of the results on both sides of the forehead and in collections made over a 7-week period. The amount of sebum collected in the first 3-hr, period was greater than in subsequent 3-hr, periods but there was a direct linear relationship between the amounts collected in the first 3 hr. and subsequent 3-hr, periods. The view that the method measures the sebum secretion rate is critically discussed in the light of this observation. It is suggested that the amount of sebum collected may be more directly related to the pool of sebum already secreted. Since the size of this pool is related to the rate of sebum secretion the method provides an indirect measure of this function. Until we know more precisely what we are measuring we prefer to use the descriptive term "rate of sebum excretion".
Levarterenol Irrigation
Authors: Harold O. Douglass
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurred in 12 extremely poor-risk patients with advanced malignant disease. Previous experience in this institution indicated that most patients with similar conditions could be expected to die as a result of an equivalent bleeding episode. Intragastric or intraperitoneal administration of levarterenol bitartrate controlled the acute bleeding episode in 11 of the 12 patients. Rebleeding occurred in five, but was again controlled with levarterenol in three. Permanent control of bleeding was achieved in ten patients. Two of the four who left the hospital alive eventually had surgery. Only two of the 12 patients died as a result of hemorrhage. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1653-1657, 1974)