tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
United States prepares for another flu pandemic
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Alarmed by the spread of avian flu, the Bush administration has released its pandemic influenza response and preparedness plan. This is a first draft that will be open for public comment until October.

In late 1997 a new and virulent strain of flu, A(H5N1), was detected in Hong Kong through the World Health Organization's global influenza surveillance network. This strain normally infected birds and had never before been known to infect humans. However, bird flu killed 27 people in Asia this year (BMJ  2004;328:368).

Administration health officials are worried that another flu pandemic is inevitable and fear that the recurring bird flu in Asia could trigger it, if the genes of A(H5N1) combine with the genes of a human influenza strain to create a new virus.

“We've never seen so many birds infected with the virus at one point in time,” said Dr Julie Geberding, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

The worst influenza pandemic occurred in 1918, when 20 million people worldwide, including 500 000 Americans, died.

The federal government plans to create “seed viruses” in the hope of speeding production of potential vaccine candidates. The drug industry produces tens of millions of standard influenza vaccines on a seasonal basis but lacks the capacity to produce a pandemic vaccine at the same time.

Dr Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, said the government is helping manufacturers produce vaccine throughout the year. Two manufacturers, Aventis and Chiron, are expected to deliver enough vaccine against the A(H5N1) strain to the institute in November, he said.

Under the federal plan the CDC is increasing surveillance to identify flu strains as soon as they appear. Four drugs can be used to treat flu, if given immediately when symptoms begin, and the CDC says the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) is best. The government has stockpiled enough to treat a million people, but this will be inadequate in a pandemic. The CDC says that the government must decide who has priority: first responders or vulnerable elderly people.

The Department of Health and Human Services is increasing pressure on states to create their own plans for dealing with a flu pandemic this year, including providing enough hospital beds for the sickest patients.

Travel restrictions such as those imposed during the severe acute respiratory syndrome crisis, closing of schools, restricting public gatherings, and quarantine may be necessary.

“Good, old fashioned isolation and quarantine have a special role to play in any pandemic,” said Dr Geberding.
Simvastatin as add-on therapy to interferon beta-1a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SIMCOMBIN study): a placebo-controlled randomised phase 4 trial
Authors: Per Soelberg Sorensen, Jan Lycke, Juha-Pekka Erälinna, Astrid Edland, Xingchen Wu, Jette Lautrup Frederiksen, Annette Oturai, Clas Malmeström, Egon Stenager, Finn Sellebjerg, Helle Bach Sondergaard
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2011)
Genetic testing may prevent hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
Authors: A. de la Chapelle
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1996)

The media and the medical literature are bursting with new research achievements. The present time is the golden age of genetic research and new disease causing genes are cloned almost every week. Understandably, the new discoveries are evoking hopes for new methods of treatment and prevention preferably very rapidly. Many papers about new disease genes end with the phrase that the discovery is the first step towards an efficient treatment and prevention of the disease. Is the reality actually that bright? The expectations have not been fulfilled. With a few rare exceptions, the cloning and identification of disease genes has not yet led to the development of specific drugs. However, this is not particularly surprising because it is a well-known fact that the development of a new drug, to a marketable product, will take at least 8-10 years even after the basic concept is laid down. Fortunately, the development is faster in the case of diagnostics. Usually the cloning of a disease gene quickly leads to more accurate diagnostics. In diseases with Mendelian inheritance, the gene tests are accurate and reliable, can be made before the appearance of symptoms, and even allow the screening of large numbers of people. Clearly, there is one group of individuals that immediately benefit from genetic testing: those who are found not to carry the defect. Regrettably, the detection of a gene defect often does not bring immediate benefit, at least not in a way that would affect the prognosis of the patient. This is the case in Huntington disease which is often given as an example; a disease with adult age onset and for which no cure or prevention methods are currently available. In contrast, cancer patients have immediate benefits because the cancer can be more effectively treated, even after onset, and the earlier the treatment is started the better the prognosis. For example, in retinoblastoma families prenatal or early postnatal genetic testing can provide a tool for well-focused clinical surveillance of infants at high risk. A breakthrough in colorectal cancer
Diagnostic Pediatric Hematopathology
Authors: Paulette Mehta
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Smoking should be mentioned as cause of death on death certificates
Authors: L. Robinson, J. Spencer, R. Stacy, R. Bhopal
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Tobacco related diseases cause an estimated two million deaths a year in developed countries.1 Smoking has always been permitted as a cause of death on death certificates in Britain, but such deaths had to be reported to the coroner. Since September 1992 the coroner has not needed to be notified, provided the disease causing death was given.2 We explored the inclusion of smoking as a certified cause of death from before the change in regulations up to February 1997. Since March …
Paracentesis: a New Needle for an Old Technique
Authors: S. Boccia, V. Rallo, L. Accorsi, F. Macario, A. Merighi, S. Gullini
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

The increasing use of paracentesis has prompted us to look into medical devices that might be useful for making the technique quicker and safer. Therefore we have designed a sterile, disposable, painless and safe needle that allows us to perform paracentesis in 30 patients, extracting an average of 6,000 cc of ascitic fluid in about 120 minutes, without any serious complications.
Dutch argue that mental torment justifies euthanasia
Authors: T Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Dutch attorney general has said that a psychiatrist who helped a physically fit but depressed 50 year old woman to commit suicide should not be prosecuted. The case against Dr Boudewijn Chabot, a psychiatrist from Haarlem, has been taken to the Supreme Court by the Dutch judicial authorities in order to get a legal judgment that will influence future cases.

The case tests the limits of the country's new euthanasia law, which was narrowly passed in parliament's upper chamber in December. This law leaves both euthanasia and assisted suicide as criminal acts whereby …
Endoscopic gallbladder drainage of patients with acute cholecystitis
Authors: D. Kjaer, A. Kruse, P. Funch-Jensen
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de D. Kjaer et al., pp. 304Endoscopy 2007; 39(04): 381-381DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306920
Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease
Authors: Ali Khojasteh, Mansoor Haghshenass, Parriz Haghighi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

THE term "immunoproliferative small intestinal disease" (IPSID) covers a variety of disorders commonly manifested by diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, and clubbing of fingers and toes.1 2 3 4 5 6 The presenting features of the disease are attributed primarily to the presence of diffuse and intense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the proximal small intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The infiltrating cells are variably responsible for synthesizing aberrant alpha-heavy-chain immunoglobulin and forming a matrix for the evolution of primary enteromesenteric lymphoma.2 , 11 12 13 Although IPSID is a rarity of only academic interest in developed countries,14 15 16 it is a prevalent, debilitating illness that afflicts the less prosperous segments . . .
United States wins more time to lobby against WHO diet plan
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A showdown in Geneva over an international plan to tackle obesity ended in stalemate after the United States watered down its public objections to the World Health Organization's proposed Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health.

The United States and its allies have postponed a confrontation on the issue, instead persuading the 2004 meeting of WHO's executive board to prolong until 29 February the period in which member states can raise objections to the existing plan. A revised plan will be drafted by WHO and …
Antigenically Different Subtype in New Flu Vaccine
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

A NEW variant of the subtype H3N2 of influenza virus A has emerged in the past 5 months. It is sufficiently different from the current subtype that it, or one antigenically similar, will be used in next year's influenza vaccine. The new variant, called A/Wuhan/359/ 95, was isolated in Wuhan, China, in September. Since then it has turned up in several places in China, and in Singapore and Guam. Three isolates similar to it have been found in the United States. Although two new variants of the other A virus subtype have also emerged during the past few months, they are not antigenically significantly different from the current vaccine, so the current strain, A/Texas/36/91, is being retained. Similarly, no new variant of influenza B virus has appeared, so the strain in the current vaccine, B/Harbin/7/94, is also being retained. <h3>FDA and WHO Decide</h3> The decision to switch to the new
Sertraline and Breast-Feeding
Authors: C. Neill Epperson, George M. Anderson, Christopher J. McDougle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

With respect to your editorial on the medicinal use of marijuana (Jan.30 issue), 1 I made it a priority, as the first director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (1973 to 1978), to investigate the health effects of smoking marijuana and to report on them regularly to the Congress and the public.Particular chemical constituents of smoked marijuana may have medical benefits, but it is unthinkable that in the closing decade of the 20th century, American medicine would return to prescribing smoked leaves for any condition.The history of the past hundred years in medicine has been to identify chemicals that offer benefits for specific problems and then to make those chemicals available in stable, known doses.The proper mechanism for sorting out claims of safety and efficacy was established by the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906. . . .
New Steam from an Old Cauldron — The Physician-Supply Debate
Authors: David Blumenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

This report reviews efforts to estimate and control the supply of physicians during the past century and examines the current debate among experts, who have made a wide range of projections of the number of physicians needed over the next 20 years. Some experts believe the United States will have a large surplus of physicians, and others predict a large shortage. In the absence of a consensus on how many doctors the country will need, new federal policies to manage the supply of physicians are unlikely.
Pathological Physiology for the Anesthesiologist
Authors: Leonard F. Walts
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Smith conceived the idea for this book while studying for his anesthesia boards. Finding no organized source of information dealing with abnormal function and oriented toward the anesthesiologist, he decided to write his own book. The present material is based on his collected notes. He has divided the book into three sections, each concerned with pathological problems which may affect the patient's response to anesthesia. In the first section he covers pathology coincident to the surgical condition. This he follows with a section on problems that develop during anesthesia. A short third section is devoted to the problems for which the operation is being performed. For the most part, Dr. Smith has chosen to use the outline form of presentation. Only a few figures and tables interrupt the book's 600 pages. One major drawback of the book is the use of out-dated references. He cites, for example, the first edition
Payment for Outpatient Therapy
Authors: Michael R. Hoftman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently, my wife and I had a personal experience with outpatient antibiotic therapy, which was the topic of the article by Poretz et al (1982;248:336) as well as an editorial (1982;248:356). My wife had had chronic urinary tract infections that necessitated hospitalization, but we had received a month's worth of outpatient antibiotics earlier this year. The main benefit we found from outpatient therapy was emotional, in that she was able to be at home with me and our four children and to participate in normal activities. The children were able to handle their mother being sick at home better than if she had disappeared into the hospital for a month, and the subsequent loss of contact or breakup of the family for that period of time has its obvious detrimental results that we avoided. The main drawback was financial— so far, Blue Cross-Blue Shield of South Carolina
PRECEDENT CAUSES OF TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: J. WELLINGTON BYERS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

I invite your attention to some views in regard to the condition that has been designated as the precedent or pretubercular stage of consumption. That there is such a condition capable of distinct clinical position and recognition, is very generally conceded, though as to the exact nature of its underlying phenomena there remains much yet to be determined. We are not, however, without some useful and guiding data and such as we do possess has not received the consideration that the condition would appear to warrant. We have reached a position where we can appreciate the discoveries and bearing of the work of Koch, and we realize the fact that these have not furnished the therapeutic resources that their first announcement seemed to promise. Influenced by this fact, investigation has been compelled to turn to other paths of work. The history of the pathology of tuberculosis has been varied. Our
Interpretation of the ECG: Before or After Mounting? Admissibility as Evidence
Authors: George X. Trimble
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The respondent's disagreement points up something most of us are very much aware of, viz, the disparity that may exist between the legal profession's appraisal of a medical procedure and its evaluation by the medical profession. Although the legal opinion and that of the respondent seem to represent a polarization of views, a careful study of both tempts me to steal an excerpt from the "G. Swinger Manual" on academic protocol (Science<b>170</b>:47, 1970). It recommends that when "a member of the audience, obviously well prepared, delivers a damaging critique of your remarks," your response should be, I think that Dr. _____________________ has sliced directly to the heart of the matter... but I don't think our analyses are mutually exclusive. In fact, my initial reaction is to regard them as perhaps complementing one another. While these remarks might appear somewhat frivolous under the circumstances, their pertinence here
Abstract 2690: The role of musashi-1 in tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Yanis Boumber, Alexander Kudinov, Xin Liu, Young-Ho Ahn, Jaime Rodriguez, Ignacio Wistuba, Don Gibbons, Jonathan Kurie
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We have previously developed an in vivo mouse model of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma by combining a mutant p53 allele (p53R175HΔG) with a KrasG12D allele (KrasLA1). From the tumors arising in KrasLA1/+; p53R172HΔG/+ mice, we have established lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (KP cells) with high (344SQ) or low (393P) metastatic potential. The metastatic potential of KP cells is governed by Zeb-1 and the microRNA-200 family, which interact through a double-negative feedback loop. Given that metastatic KP cells exhibit the capacity to form polarized epithelial spheres in Matrigel and undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to extracellular cues, we hypothesized that stem cell factors serve as drivers of tumor cell invasion and metastasis in this model. We examined the expression of 13 stem cell factors in metastatic and non-metastatic KP cell lines using qPCR and found that Musashi-1 (Msi-1) was more highly expressed in metastatic KP cells, which was confirmed by western analysis. Msi1 is an RNA-binding protein that plays a central role during nervous system development, stem cell maintenance, and tumorigenesis. High levels of Msi1 have been reported in several malignancies including brain tumors, colon and breast cancer, and associate with poor survival in patients with breast and colon cancer. We have used a panel of human lung cancer cell lines and found Msi-1 protein to be expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma cell lines. Further analysis revealed that Msi-1 expression is up-regulated by Zeb-1 and down-regulated by miR-200, raising the possibility that Msi-1 functions as a downstream mediator of the Zeb-1/miR-200 axis, which we are currently investigating by carrying out Msi-1 loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments and by analyzing human tissue microarrays to determine whether Msi-1 has prognostic value in patients. Our data suggests that Msi-1 is a candidate driver of tumor progression in NSCLC. Citation Format: Yanis Boumber, Alexander Kudinov, Xin Liu, Young-Ho Ahn, Jaime Rodriguez, Ignacio Wistuba, Don Gibbons, Jonathan Kurie. The role of musashi-1 in tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2690. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2690
Effects of SC 15396 on gastric secretion. II. Inhibitory effect of SC 15396 on stimulated canine gastric secretion after surgical procedures.
Authors: I B Macleod, R A Hill
Journal: Gut (1968)

in the acid output to insulin.In these four experi- ments the reduction averaged 66 % (Fig. 7). COMMENTA gastric fistula provides a collecting system free of the uncertainties inherent in all pouch preparations whether partially innervated or not.The particular procedure employed here is closely related to that used in human studies and allows a very complete recovery of gastric juice.In this particular model SC 15396 has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of gastric juice stimulated by pentagastrin and insulin.SUMMARY SC 15396 in a single intravenous injection depresses the acid response to pentagastrin infusion but has a less marked effect on the response to histamine infusion.Given orally it significantly inhibits the response to a subcutaneous injection of pentagastrin but not of histamine.It also significantly depresses the acid response to insulin.Intragastric SC 15396 also depresses the acid secretion previously established by the infusion of pentagastrin.
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of ondansetron in renal itch
Authors: M. Murphy, D. Reaich, P. Pai, P. Finn, A.J. Carmichael
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background Renal itch is a relatively common and distressing problem for patients with chronic renal failure. Ondansetron, a serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist was developed for relief of chemotherapy induced nausea. Recently, anecdotal reports describe relief of renal itch with ondansetron. Objectives We performed a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial to objectively assess the effectiveness of ondansetron in renal itch. Patients and methods With approval from the local ethical committee, 24 patients on haemodialysis were enrolled in the trial. On a random basis 14 patients were blindly allocated to the ondansetron–placebo sequence and 10 to the placebo–ondansetron sequence. Baseline values for itch were obtained for 7 days before the treatment period and there was a 7-day washout between the treatment periods. During the treatment patients received either 8 mg of ondansetron three times a day or a placebo tablet three times a day for 2 weeks. Patients were asked to record the severity of their pruritus on a visual analogue scale (VAS) twice a day. At the end of the study patients were asked blindly which treatment they had preferred. Results Seventeen patients completed the trial. Pruritus decreased by 16% (95% CI: 0·5–32%) during active treatment and by 25% (95% CI: 9–41%) during treatment with placebo. The change in VAS scores during treatment with ondansetron (P = 0·04) and placebo (P = 0·01) were both significant. Eleven patients expressed a preference, seven for placebo and four for ondansetron. Conclusions Our results show that ondansetron is no better than placebo in controlling renal itch.
Lawmakers Respond to<i>Hobby Lobby</i>Ruling
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal