tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Proteomic profiles associated with intrinsic resistance of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Jong Won Lee, Won Suk Yang, Myung-Jeom Ryu, Ji-Yeon Bae, Jae Kyo Yi, Eun-Mi Jeong, Cheolju Lee, Myeong-Hee Yu, Wonshik Han, Dong-Young Noh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

B14   (Introduction) The development of resistance is a major cause of failure of chemotherapy, one of the most potent tools in cancer treatments. The resistance to chemotherapy can occur at the time of therapy, known as intrinsic resistance, or over time after an initial period of tumor response, known as acquired resistance. Although mechanisms that cause multiple ways of resistance have been identified from decades of researches, their clinical applications have made little progress. We aimed to identify the protein profiles that can be associated with the intrinsic resistance and to discover candidates that predict the response of breast cancer to docetaxel and adriamycin (DA) neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (Materials and Methods) Core biopsy tissues obtained from patients (n=6) with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) before neoadjuvant chemotherapy were divided into two groups: complete response (CR) group (n=3) with pathologically complete response to taxane regimen (DA for three cycles) and non-CR group (n=3) that revealed the responses of stable disease or progressive disease defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) to the same regimen. Isotope-Coded Affinity Tag (ICAT) approach was used to identify and quantify the differentially expressed proteins between the CR group and the non-CR group. Verification of selected proteins were performed with 20 additional core biopsy tissues from patients who belong to either a responsive group including three with complete response and seven with partial response, or a resistant group including nine with stable disease and one with progressive disease. (Results) From ICAT analysis of non-CR group versus CR group, 39 proteins were identified that were up- or down-regulated: functionally categorized into enzyme and metabolism (23.1%), structure-associated proteins (17.9%), immune system (12.8%), translation and transcription machinery (12.8%), chaperon (5.1%), extracellular matrix (5.1%), transporter (5.1%), and unclassified (18.1%). Among those, expressions of 12 selected proteins were tested in the verification set (n=20) by Western blotting (WB). The analysis of intensity of WB showed that each of three candidates (X001, X002, and X003) can predict the response of DA chemotherapy (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.79; p value=0.0053, AUC=0.81; p value=0.0021, and AUC=0.80; p value 0.0038 respectively). An immunohistochemical validation with formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues from 42 patients with LABC is now under way and the results will be released. (Conclusions) We suggest that these results support the potential use of the candidates as a new predictor for chemotherapy resistance.
Recovery after critical illness in patients aged 80 years or older: a multi-center prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Daren K Heyland, Allan Garland, Sean M Bagshaw, Deborah Cook, Kenneth Rockwood, Henry T Stelfox, Peter Dodek, Robert A Fowler, Alexis F Turgeon, Karen Burns, John Muscedere, Jim Kutsogiannis, Martin Albert, Sangeeta Mehta, Xuran Jiang, Andrew G Day
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Prevalence and Outcomes of Unoperated Patients With Severe Symptomatic Mitral Regurgitation and Heart Failure
Authors: Sachin S. Goel, Navkaranbir Bajaj, Bhuvnesh Aggarwal, Supriya Gupta, Kanhaiya Lal Poddar, Mobolaji Ige, Hazem Bdair, Abed Anabtawi, Shiraz Rahim, Patrick L. Whitlow, E. Murat Tuzcu, Brian P. Griffin, William J. Stewart, Marc Gillinov, Eugene H. Blackstone, Nicholas G. Smedira, Guilherme H. Oliveira, Benico Barzilai, Venu Menon, Samir R. Kapadia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 237: Comparative Efficacy of Biphasic Waveform Defibrillation Energies for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Insights from the Get With The Guidelines--Resuscitation Registry
Authors: Preston M Schneider, Wenhui Liu, Gary K Grunwald, Paul S Chan, Brahmajee K Nallamothu, Comilla Sasson, Paul D Varosy, Mintu P Turakhia, Babatunde Ogunnaike, Steven M Bradley
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Biphasic waveforms have become the predominant choice for defibrillation of cardiac arrest due to pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF). However, little is known about the relative efficacy of different first shock energy levels for defibrillation of VT/VF. Methods: Within the Get With The Guidelines - Resuscitation multicenter observational registry, we identified adults who received biphasic waveform defibrillation for in-hospital cardiac arrest due to VT/VF between 2005 and 2012. Using hierarchical regression to adjust for patient arrest characteristics and comorbidities while accounting for clustered observations by hospital, we examined the risk-adjusted association between the energy level (100J, 120J, 150J, 200J, 300J, or 360J) of the first defibrillation attempt and patient outcomes. Our primary outcome was termination of VT/VF following the first shock, with secondary outcomes of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 24 hour survival, and survival to discharge. Results: Among 12,417 adults suffering VT/VF arrest treated with biphasic defibrillation, the most common first shock energy was 200 J (55.5%) Compared with 200 J, defibrillation with 120 J was more likely to result in termination of VT/VF and 24 hour survival and 150J was associated with greater 24 hour survival and survival to discharge. In contrast, energies higher than 200 J showed no difference in termination of VT/VF, but were associated with lower survival (see Table). Conclusion: Among adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest due to VT/VF, defibrillation with 200 J is the most common energy used for initial defibrillation with a biphasic waveform. However, initial defibrillation with lower energy levels is associated with greater odds of VT/VF termination, 24 hour survival, and survival to discharge. Further study is needed to inform the optimal energy for initial defibrillation of cardiac arrest due to VT/VF.
Abstract 3700: Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Lifestyle Behaviour Modifications Among Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Raymond H Chan, Alice Chong, David A Alter
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: The survival impact of secondary prevention initiatives on improving survival among higher-risk socioeconomically-disadvantaged patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may depe...
Abstract 15615: Eligibility for Lipid Lowering Therapy Based on AHA/ACC Risk Score, Coronary Artery Calcification, and CVD Events- National Implications for the Appropriate Use of Preventive Pharmacotherapy: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Khurram Nasir, Marcio Bittencourt, Michael J Blaha, Matthew J Budoff, Ron Blankstein, Arthur Agatston, Christopher T Sibley, Leslee J Shaw, Roger S Blumenthal, Harlan M Krumholz
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: It is estimated that according to ACC-AHA guidelines for cholesterol management an additional 12.8 million adults including 10.4 million for primary prevention are considered for moderate-high intensity statin therapy. We sought to determine whether coronary artery calcium (CAC) testing might identify individuals who are expected to derive the most, and the least, benefit from the prescribed pharmacotherapy. Methods: MESA is a longitudinal, population-based study of 6,814 men and women aged 45-84 without clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) at enrollment. The following participants were excluded from the analysis: 1100 (16%) on lipid lowering medication, 87 individuals (1.3%) with absent LDL levels, 26 (0.4%) with missing risk factors for calculation of 10-yr risk of ASCVD based on the new pooled-cohort equations as well as 634 (9.3%) aged &gt;75 years. Results: The final study population consisted of 4,967 individuals (59±9 years, 47% males). Overall 255 (5.1%) hard CVD events were noted in follow-up of median 10.3 years (IQR=9.7-10.8). Based on the new guidelines (figure), 2449 (49%) were considered candidates for moderate-high intensity statin therapy at baseline. Of these, 41% had CAC=0 and had 5.2 CVD events/1000 person-years and 29% had CAC&gt;100 and they had 15.2 events/1000 person-years. Among the 610 individuals who would be considered candidates for moderate intensity statin , 350 (57%) had a CAC=0 and an event rate of 1.5/1000 person year. CAC testing was similarly able to risk stratify individuals across increasing levels (quartiles) of ASCVD risk &gt;7.5% (figure). Conclusion: Within MESA, nearly half of patients considered for statin therapy based on the new guidelines had CAC=0, and experienced a very low event rate and subsequent high number needed to treat to prevent one event. Our study findings suggest that CAC further refines the estimate of CVD risk and may facilitate informed shared decision-making regarding statin treatment.
Comparison of proportion of CD4 + CD25high + FoxP3 + regulatory T cells in ex vivo expansion of ascites from patients with primary and recurrent ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Shin Wha Lee, Ha-Young Lee, Jung-Nam Lee, Yong-Man Kim, Young-Tak Kim, Joo-Hyun Nam
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

222 

Backgrounds: A number of investigators have developed T cell lines by expanding tumor associated lymphocytes (TAL) from ovarian ascites or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from solid tumors with IL-2. But, it is not clear what change is occurred in proliferation and suppressive function of Tregs after ex vivo expansion with IL-2. In order to improve adoptive immunotherapy, we have to know the change of Tregs after ex vivo expansion of TAL or TIL.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the proportions of CD4 + CD25high + FoxP3 + Tregs before and after ex vivo expansion of ascites and the difference in the proportions of Tregs between primary and recurrent ovarian carcinoma.

Materials and methods: Ascitic fluid (AF) samples were collected from 26 patients with ovarian carcinoma in Asan Medical Center from Jan. 2005 to Aug. 2006. Among them, 19 patients had primary and 7 patients had recurrent disease. Leucocytes were isolated from AF with Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient method and then phenotypes of lymphocytes were analyzed through Flow Cytometry by using monoclonal anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16/56, CD25 and FoxP3 antibodies. Thereafter lymphocytes were cultured ex vivo with IL-2 for 2~3 weeks and phenotypes were analyzed with the same methods.

Results: Total lymphocytes were more increased in the recurrent group than the primary group (p <0.05). The proportion of CD4 + T cells was increased (p <0.05), that of CD8 + T cells was decreased (p <0.05) and that of CD3-CD16 + 56 + NK cells was no change after ex vivo expansion. These tendencies were prominent in the recurrent group, but not significant statistically. The proportion of CD4 + CD25high + FoxP3 + Tregs in CD4 + T cells was increased after ex vivo expansion (p <0.05) and with more large scale in the recurrent group (p <0.05).

Conclusion: In this study, Tregs were increased in large scale after expansion with IL-2, especially in the recurrent group. These results explain the reason of poor outcome of immunotherapy using T cell lines obtained by expansion with IL-2. Furthermore, this study shows that it is possible that current methods for expansion of T cell lines are not helpful in the recurrent group, although the methods can be helpful in the primary group. More studies in expansion method to obtain effector T cells rather than Tregs are warranted to improve adoptive immunotherapy.
Abstract 13393: Impact of CYP2C19 Polymorphism on Coronary Artery Spasm in Patients With Vasospastic Angina(VSA)
Authors: Tomonori Akasaka, Seiji Hokimoto, Kenichi Tsujita, Koichi Kaikita, Satomi Iwasita, Kazuko Nakagawa, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme families have been identified in extra hepatic tissues such as heart, vasculature, kidney, and lung. Recent data have suggested that specific CYPs, ...
Drugs for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Gregory Y H Lip, Shyam P Sing, Robert D S Watson
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In defence of merit awards
Authors: J Tobias
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Never one to avoid controversy, Aneurin Bevan knew from the start that his newly nationalised health service could work only with the full cooperation of the profession. Although a Gallup poll taken early in 1948 confirmed that the overwhelming majority of the public supported it, Bevan was enough of a pragmatist to realise that the doctors were another matter altogether - read Michael Foot's wonderful biography for a thrilling account.1

The merit award system was born of Bevan's recognition that to retain the services of the best, you must expect to pay. “Stuff their mouths with gold” was his simple yet effective prescription, a staggering volte face for an unflinchingly egalitarian Welshman. Effective? Highly, since most would agree that during the NHS's first half century one of its more remarkable features has been that the most outstanding individuals have indeed been attracted to staying within the service, usually working as consultants or University employees at large (generally teaching) hospitals.

How has this been achieved? By the provision of merit awards, of course. Although all would agree that no system of preferment can possibly be perfect, what is wrong with the principle of recognising merit, then rewarding it? Casual reading of the General Medical Council's annual reports reminds us that not all doctors are the selfless altruists we all thought we were when we interviewed nervously at our medical schools. Don't give me all that tosh about how equally hard we all work, how uniform is the devotion of all practitioners to our patients, how we all love nothing better than a head-to-head two hour session with our students, etc, etc. It isn't true for teachers, nor for lawyers, musicians, estate agents, or even members of the royal family. Some are simply better at their jobs than others. Oddly enough …
bmjlearning.com: Edutainment?
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Do your children spend days in front of the computer playing games? Or is this a more accurate description of yourself? Perhaps you think that computer games are the preserve of solitary males who spend mindless hours in front of their console, but many would disagree. You might be surprised to hear that some of the best selling games, such as Age of Empires, are historical strategy games. But wherever the truth lies on the educational value of such games, nobody can deny their popularity: users spend many hours interacting with their computer, oblivious to all distractions. This has led some educationalists to wonder if they could harness the fun and interactivity of such games in online learning.

Enthusiasts say that they can and claim that the idea of the solitary player is a myth and that multiplayer games are now the norm.1 They also say that you can learn not just knowledge but also skills in literacy and numeracy and hand-eye coordination. But there are many naysayers. Learning is not always fun, and we can fall flat on our faces when we try too hard to make it so. Sometimes learning is difficult and takes time and application to achieve learning goals. Also female learners can find it difficult to engage with the seemingly geekish male culture of computer games.2

Can games distract from learning? Sometimes online learning resources can concentrate too much on animation and video and too little on the core learning material. And often learners concentrate more on playing the game or passing the assessment than on actually fulfilling their personal learning needs. Another problem is that good games are expensive to produce, and young learners who are used to state of the art games may be disappointed by dull but worthy educational games.

If you are not put off by all of this you can try the interactive learning modules produced by Trauma.Org.3 In one of the modules you are asked to care for a patient with severe injuries in a casualty department; if you do anything wrong, you're told to apply for a job in a local pizzeria. But if you find this sort of thing forced rather than funny then you can always stick to our tried and tested learning modules on www.bmjlearning.com.

One of our most recent modules for hospital doctors is on the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. It outlines the basics and summarises some of the recent advances, such as the development of a new autoantibody test, anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, directed against citrulline-containing peptides. It is highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (98%), and its sensitivity is similar to that of rheumatoid factors. You can also learn about the role of ultrasound in making the diagnosis: it can detect active inflammatory changes such as synovitis and increased synovial blood flow and is more sensitive than plain radiographs for detecting erosive changes. It is also cheap, non-invasive, and there is no risk of ionising radiation.

And finally, is the module fun? Maybe for rheumatologists.
GMOs, Herbicides, and Public Health
Authors: Philip J. Landrigan, Charles Benbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Interview with Dr. Philip Landrigan on health concerns associated with genetically modified crops and the herbicides used on them. (07:58)Download The landscape for genetically modified organisms is changing, thanks to sharp increases in the amounts and numbers of chemical herbicides applied to GM crops and the classification of two of the most commonly used herbicides as probably or possibly carcinogenic to humans.
Changes in Activated Bone Marrow Macrophages and Mast Cells in Patients with Myelofibrosis Following Ruxolitinib Therapy
Authors: Hans Michael Kvasnicka, Juergen Thiele, Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos, Shilpa Kamalanabhaiah, Jorge E. Cortes, Hagop Kantarjian, Srdan Verstovsek
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 12463: Smoking Ban in Public Areas is Associated With Reduced Incidence of Hospital Admissions Due to ST-elevation Myocardial Infarctions in Non-smokers -Results From the Bremen STEMI Registry-
Authors: Johannes Schmucker, Harm Wienbergen, Andreas Fach, Susanne Seide, Eduard Fiehn, Kathrin Gunther, Wolfgang Ahrens, Rainer Hambrecht
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Since 2006 data from all patients in the region of Bremen in northwest Germany (est: 800 000 inhabitants) with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been centrally collected i...
重症监护治疗学（九）—终止治疗
Authors: 王瑜, BobWinter
Journal: BMJ (2001)

所有的医疗实践均应遵循基本的伦理学原则 ,重症监护治疗学也不例外。事实上 ,由于重症监护的特点 ,伦理问题日益受到重视。 为什么要终止治疗 ?终止治疗是重症监护治疗学面临的一个问题 ,因为目前的医疗技术能使毫无康复希望的患者生命维持相当长时间。重症监护通常是支持器官的功能 ,但却不能保证治愈。由于延长患者的死亡过程违背了有益和无害的伦理原则 ,因而并不符合患者的最高利益。终止治疗并不等于终止关护。保证临终患者舒适地死去与努力达到治愈目标是同等重要的。通常 ,治疗一旦开始 ,维持治疗较终止治疗更容易。从伦理学角度而言 ,在终止一项感到无益处的治疗与维持一项未显示益处的治疗之间 ,没有什么差别
Abstract 9884: Neonatal Re-Entrant Supraventricular Tachycardia: Clinical Utility of One Year Trans-Esophageal Pacing and Mid-Term Follow-Up Experience
Authors: Jason Ho, William Bonney, James Johns, Andrew Radbill, Prince Kannankeril, Frank Fish
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Neonatal SVT resolves in many infants by one year of age, but even with clinical quiescence, the substrate for SVT may unknowingly persist. Trans-esophageal pacing (TEP) is a non-invasive means to evaluate persistence of SVT substrate. We describe our experience with one year follow-up TEP studies for neonatal re-entrant SVT. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all neonates presenting with SVT between 1998 and 2011. Primary atrial tachycardia was excluded. Follow-up TEP was usually recommended at 1 year for patients followed at our institution who had not experienced recent spontaneous recurrence to assess persistence of SVT substrate. Results: Neonatal SVT occured in 175 patients (orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia [ORT] 136, atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia [AVNRT] 30, undetermined 9). The prevalence of congenital heart disease (39 patients) was 16% for ORT versus 47% for AVNRT (p&lt;0.001). TEP and one year follow-up data were available in 105 infants. The SVT substrate persisted beyond 1 year in 51/88 (58%) with ORT and 8/17 (47%) with AVNRT, based on either TEP inducibility (47 patients) or spontaneous recurrence (12 patients) beyond 6 months. Among 47 neonates with WPW, 27 had persistent pre-excitation at follow-up TEP (57%). Of the 20 patients who lost pre-excitation at 1 year follow-up, 16 underwent repeat TEP, and 8 (50%) had inducible ORT. As previously reported, AVNRT was sometimes inducible at follow-up TEP in infants presenting with ORT (5 patients). To date, none of these have experienced spontaneous AVNRT. All 41 patients with no SVT substrate at follow-up TEP remained free of recurrences over a mean post-TEP follow-up of 2.1 years off therapy (range 0.7-9.8 years). Conclusions: Overall, the substrate for neonatal SVT persisted in over half of infants beyond 1 year, regardless of mechanism. Of note, half of patients who lost pre-excitation continued to have substrate for ORT. Follow-up TEP discerns infants in whom the SVT substrate is resolved from those who may remain susceptible. In this cohort AVNRT was more common in neonatal SVT than previously reported, and more commonly associated with congenital heart disease.