tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of androgenetic alopecia in China: a community-based study in six cities
Authors: T.L. Wang, C. Zhou, Y.W. Shen, X.Y. Wang, X.L. Ding, S. Tian, Y. Liu, G.H. Peng, S.Q. Xue, J.E. Zhou, R.L. Wang, X.M. Meng, G.D. Pei, Y.H. Bai, Q. Liu, H. Li, J.Z. Zhang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Background There are racial differences in the prevalence and types of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The prevalence of AGA has been studied in Caucasians and in some Asian people. In China, although there have been some epidemiological studies carried out in single cities or regions, no multicentre population-based study has been reported. Objectives To study the prevalence and types of AGA in China and to compare the results with those previously reported in Caucasians and in other Asian people. Methods A community-based study was carried out in six cities of China. Subjects were interviewed face-to-face and completed questionnaires. The degree of AGA was classified according to the Norwood and Ludwig classifications. Results In total 17 886 subjects were interviewed and 15 257 completed the questionnaires. In men, the overall prevalence of AGA was 21·3%, with 2·8% in men aged 18–29 years, 13·3% in those aged 30–39 years, 21·4% in those aged 40–49 years, 31·9% in those aged 50–59 years, 36·2% in those aged 60–69 years and 41·4% in those aged 70 years and over. The most common type was frontal and vertex hair loss. A small number of subjects (3·7%) showed 'female pattern' hair loss. In women, the prevalence of AGA was 6·0%, with 1·3% in women aged 18–29 years, 2·3% in those aged 30–39 years, 5·4% in those aged 40–49 years, 7·5% in those aged 50–59 years, 10·3% in those aged 60–69 years and 11·8% in those aged 70 years and over. Ludwig grade I was the most common type. The prevalence of AGA varied between cities. A positive family history was present in 29·7% of men and 19·2% of women with AGA. Conclusions The prevalence of AGA in Chinese men and women was lower than in Caucasians and similar to that in Koreans.
Our Stolen Future, by Theo Colborn, Dianne Dumanoski, John Peterson Myers
Authors: T. Key
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Theo Colborn, Dianne Dumanoski, John Peterson Myers / Abacus, £7.99, pp 306 / ISBN 0 349 10878 1

Chemical pollutants with oestrogenic effects might threaten the survival of our species. This is an extreme view, but the questions raised in this book are important and need to be answered.

The story begins with early reports of reproductive problems in animals — sterility in bald eagles in the 1950s, reproductive failure in mink in the 1960s, and same sex pairings of gulls in the 1970s. Various explanations were offered …
Association of Patient Case-Mix Adjustment, Hospital Process Performance Rankings, and Eligibility for Financial Incentives
Authors: Rajendra H. Mehta, Li Liang, Amrita M. Karve, Adrian F. Hernandez, John S. Rumsfeld, Gregg C. Fonarow, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

While most comparisons of hospital outcomes adjust for patient characteristics, process performance comparisons typically do not.To evaluate the degree to which hospital process performance ratings and eligibility for financial incentives are altered after accounting for hospitals' patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and mix of treatment opportunities.Using data from the American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines program between January 2, 2000, and March 28, 2008, we analyzed hospital process performance based on the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' defined core measures for acute myocardial infarction. Hospitals were initially ranked based on crude composite process performance and then ranked again after accounting for hospitals' patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and eligibility for measures using a hierarchical model. We then compared differences in hospital performance rankings and pay-for-performance financial incentive categories (top 20%, middle 60%, and bottom 20% institutions).Hospital process performance ranking and pay-for-performance financial incentive categories.A total of 148,472 acute myocardial infarction patients met the study criteria from 449 centers. Hospitals for which crude composite acute myocardial infarction performance was in the bottom quintile (n = 89) were smaller nonacademic institutions that treated a higher percentage of patients from racial or ethnic minority groups and also patients with greater comorbidities than hospitals ranked in the top quintile (n = 90). Although there was overall agreement on hospital rankings based on observed vs adjusted composite scores (weighted kappa, 0.74), individual hospital ranking changed with adjustment (median, 22 ranks; range, 0-214; interquartile range, 9-40). Additionally, 16.5% of institutions (n = 74) changed pay-for-performance financial status categories after accounting for patient and treatment opportunity mix.Our findings suggest that accounting for hospital differences in patient characteristics and treatment opportunities is associated with modest changes in hospital performance rankings and eligibility for financial benefits in pay-for-performance programs for treatment of myocardial infarction.
A better oral rehydration solution?
Authors: G. J Fuchs
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Papers p 81 

Diarrhoea remains one of the leading causes of death in children below 5 years of age in developing countries, resulting in over 4 million deaths a year. Most diarrhoeal deaths are caused by dehydration, which can be treated by replacing fluid loss with oral rehydration solution in over 90% of cases. For over 20 years the World Health Organization and Unicef have recommended an oral rehydration solution containing 90 mmol/l of sodium and 111 mmol/l of glucose. 1 2 This solution is of established efficacy in treating children and adults with diarrhoea regardless of its cause. Despite proved efficacy, the acceptance of oral rehydration solution by patients worldwide and particularly outside facility-based treatment centres has been less than optimal and even poor. As a result, other formulations have been developed and tested, and this week's issue carries a meta-analysis of studies comparing the standard WHO oral rehydration solution with reduced osmolarity solutions (p 81).3

One of the major constraints of the WHO oral rehydration solution is that it does not visibly reduce the severity of diarrhoea (volume of stool and duration of diarrhoea), which is often …
Abstract 15140: The Brain AT1R are Responsible for Sympathoexcitation Associated with Brain MR Activation in Mice With Pressure Overload After Salt Loading
Authors: Koji Ito, Yoshitaka Hirooka, Kenji Sunagawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Recently, we demonstrated that mice with pressure overload acquired salt sensitive sympathoexcitation through the activation of brain mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-epithelial Na chann...
International Group of Health Experts Issues Global "Declaration to Stop TB"
Authors: D Banta
Journal: JAMA (2000)

In March 2000 a Ministerial Conference on Tuberculosis and Sustainable Development was held in Amsterdam in response to the threat to public health posed by the continuing rise in tuberculosis (TB) worldwide.  At the close of the conference participants issued the  Amsterdam Declaration to Stop TB  a document that describes the magnitude and seriousness of the global epidemic and points toward the possibility of stemming it. According to reports TB is linked more strongly with poverty and rapid social change than any other major disease.  Every year 2 million people in the world die of TB and 8 million new cases occur.  Most of the new cases are found in developing countries. The WHO says that mycobacterium tuberculosis infects 1 of every 3 people in the world.  In developed countries the disease was mostly under control but with increasing poverty the association of TB with HIV/AIDS and insufficient public health efforts are leading to a rise in incidence in these areas.  The increasing number of multidrug-resistant TB strains throughout the world exacerbates the problem.  Hence by signing the Declaration to Stop TB the conference participants committed to achieve the goal of detecting at least 70% of infectious cases by 2005.  They also emphasized the need for national and international partnerships among all stakeholders in society including government the private health sector industry nongovernmental organizations and people in the community.
Traditional Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Arnold M Weissler
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chemical Control of Pulmonary Ventilation
Authors: Hans Winterstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

FIFTY-FIVE years ago, while a student, I wrote A my first scientific paper.1 Its subject was the effect of carbon dioxide on the central nervous system. My research showed that carbon dioxide has two opposing but simultaneous effects, excitatory and inhibitory. As a logical postulate it seemed to me impossible that these two effects could be referred to the same substance. At that time I did not succeed in solving the problem. It was only ten years later that I found the answer to the apparent contradiction. I had discovered a method by which newborn mammals could be kept alive . . .
Abstract 12449: Exercise Has a Disproportionate Role in the Pathogenesis of Non-Desmosomal Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Abhishek C Sawant, Aditya Bhonsale, Anneline S te Riele, Crystal Tichnell, Brittney Murray, Stuart Russell, Harikrishna Tandri, Ryan J Tedford, Daniel P Judge, Hugh Calkins, Cynthia A James
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Exercise is associated with age-related penetrance and arrhythmic risk in carriers of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C)-associated desmosomal mutations; however its role in the pathogenesis of nondesmosomal ARVD/C is uncertain.   Methods:  Eighty-two patients with ARVD/C (39 desmosomal mutation carriers, all index cases) were interviewed about regular physical activity from age 10. Intensity (MET-Hrs/year) and exercise duration prior to clinical presentation were compared between patients with desmosomal and nondesmosomal ARVD/C. Association of exercise history with age at clinical presentation, family history, right ventricular structural dysfunction, and arrhythmic course was assessed.   Results:  Nondesmosomal patients were more likely to be endurance athletes (100% vs. 69% desmosomal, p   Conclusion:  Exercise has a differential impact on development of ARVD/C among nondesmosomal patients who require higher exercise intensity for developing the disease compared to desmosomal patients. As exercise appears to negatively modify cardiac structure and promote arrhythmias in nondesmosomal ARVD/C patients, exercise restriction is warranted.
The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern Africa: Being an Account of Their Medicinal Uses, Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Effects and Toxicology in Man and Animal.
Authors: John Mitchell Watt, Maria Gerdina Breyer-Brandwijk
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2680: Inhibition of activin-like kinases 4 and 5 attenuates cancer cachexia associated muscle wasting
Authors: Stef Levolger, Ron W.F. de Bruin, Jan N.M. IJzermans
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Cancer cachexia has a detrimental effect on patient survival. Cachectic patients experience reduced quality of life and have a decreased survival time. The underlying mechanism behind cancer cachexia is not yet fully understood. Recent experimental data suggests myostatin signaling may be a key contributor in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia. Activin receptor IIB / activin-like kinase 4/5 heterodimer activation by myostatin leads to catabolic muscle degradation. SB-431542 is a potent inhibitor of activin-like kinases 4 and 5. We aimed to assess its potential in the treatment of cancer cachexia in an experimental rodent model. Methods: All experiments were approved by the local Animal Ethics Committee. 24 CD2F1 were inoculated subcutaneously with 0.5 x 106 colon-26 murine adenocarcinoma cells to induce cachexia. The mice were allocated randomly into one of four experimental groups: healthy control, tumor-bearing control, tumor-bearing vehicle treated and tumor-bearing SB-431542 treated. All mice were weighed daily. Tumor size was assessed every other day, starting day 9 post inoculation. Four-paw grip strength was determined weekly using a grip-strength meter. SB-431542 was reconstituted in DMSO 1 mg/mL. From day 5 post inoculation, allocated mice received 10 mg/kg SB-431542, or vehicle intraperitoneally until sacrifice on day 20. Results: All tumor-bearing mice had a reduction in body weight compared to controls, 21.1 ± 2.1 g versus 30.0 ± 1.3 g respectively (p &amp;lt; 0.0001). No differences in body weight were found between the tumor-bearing groups. Despite weight loss, SB-431542 treated animals had no reduction in grip strength. Grip strength directly after tumor inoculation was 200.9 ± 11.3 g, and on day 14 211.3 ± 20.4 g. Vehicle treated animals showed a reduction from 204.0 ± 19.1 g to 174.8 ± 13.7 g (p = 0.0158). Mean wet muscle weight of the m. tibialis anterior was significantly preserved in SB-431542 treated animals versus tumor-bearing vehicle treated animals (53.8 mg vs. 40.5 mg, p = 0.0171) as well as tumor-bearing untreated animals (53.8 mg vs. 34.7 mg, p = 0.0002). Conclusion: These findings suggest that inhibition of activin-like kinases 4 and 5 by SB-431542 attenuates cancer cachexia associated muscle loss and loss of muscle force in experimental cancer cachexia, and further emphasizes the role of myostatin/activin signaling. Citation Format: Stef Levolger, Ron W.F. de Bruin, Jan N.M. IJzermans. Inhibition of activin-like kinases 4 and 5 attenuates cancer cachexia associated muscle wasting. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2680. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2680
Abstract 180: The Comparison of the Effect of Two Mechanical Chest Compressors on Coronary Perfusion Pressure and Resuscitation Outcome During CPR
Authors: Yinlun Weng, Sungphil Chung, Jeonghyun Park, Xiaobo Wu, Shijie Sun, Max H Weil, Wanchun Tang
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Life-sustaining coronary blood flow could be created through effective chest compressions. The mechanical chest compressors have been utilized to improve resuscitation after cardiac arrest. In this study, we compared the effect of the ThumperTM compressor and the LucasTM, active compression-decompression devices, on coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) in a swine model of CPR. We hypothesized that the LucasTM device would achieve better CPP and therefore favor the outcome of CPR. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced and untreated for 10mins in 9 male swine weighing 40±3kg. CPR was initiated using the LucasTM compressor in 4 animals and the ThumperTM compressor in 5 animals. Epinephrine (30 mg/kg) was injected intravenously at the 2nd minute of compression. Defibrillation was attempted after 5mins of CPR. If return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was not achieved, CPR was continued for 1min prior to a subsequent defibrillation attempt until ROSC or for a total of 15mins. CPP was continuously monitored....
Violent suicide and obstetric complications
Authors: L. Appleby
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Papers p 1346 

Each year in England and Wales there are 5500 suicides and deaths from undetermined external cause (these are mostly suicides leading to an open verdict at inquest), and almost half are by methods involving physical injury.1 These methods are diverse and include hanging, jumping from a height or in front of a moving vehicle, burning, and firearms. They do, however, have common characteristics which allow comparison with suicides by non-violent methods such as poisoning by overdose or car exhaust fumes. Both violent methods and asphyxiation by exhaust fumes are substantially more common in men (as are other types of violent behaviour), in whom hanging is now the most common method of self destruction.1 Violent suicides are associated with severe mental illness such as schizophrenia and major affective disorder,2 although mental disorder of some kind is found in most suicides.3 Internationally the method of suicide is also influenced by local factors including availability, so that jumping from buildings is particularly common in Hong Kong4 and deaths from firearms are related to gun …
Note accents on Pécoul and Médecins Sans Frontières Drug companies cut HIV drug prices in the developing world
Authors: Gavin Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The United Nations announced last week that five multinational pharmaceutical companies will cut the price of HIV drugs in the developing world. Over 90% of HIV positive people live in developing countries, and most cannot afford the high price of antiretroviral drugs.

GlaxoWellcome, one of the five companies involved, has promised to reduce the price of its combination tablet of zidovudine and lamivudine to $2 (£1.25) in the poorest countries. This is a fifth of its price in the United States and a third of its current price in Uganda.

Peter Piot, director of the United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS, who negotiated the agreement, welcomed the companies' promises but warned that price cuts alone will not curb the epidemic.

“Lowering the price of medicines,” he said, “is only one critical factor in what must become a much broader and more …
Durable Responses and Improved Quality Of Life With Midostaurin (PKC412) In Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis (SM): Updated Stage 1 Results Of The Global D2201 Trial
Authors: Jason Gotlib, Hanneke C. Kluin-Nelemans, Tracy I. George, Cem Akin, Karl Sotlar, Olivier Hermine, Farrukh Awan, Elizabeth Hexner, Michael Mauro, Rodica Morariu, Margaret Squier, Matthieu Villeneuve, Fabienne Emery-Salbert, John Coombs, Karin Hartmann, Hans-Peter Horny, Peter Valent, Andreas Reiter
Journal: Blood (2013)
Orthopnea due to phrenic nerve involvement in neuralgic amyothrophy
Authors: R.T.M. Sprooten, A.A.B. Otte, N.A.M. Cobben, S.C.M. Steijns, G.G.U. Rohde, E.F.M. Wouters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Phrenic nerve involvement in uni- or bilateral diaphragm palsy is a rare feature in patients with neuralgic amyotrophy (NA). Features of respiratory failure and usefulness of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in NA are scarcely reported.  Methods: We describe the respiratory findings of 11 patients (9 male, mean age 54y; 38-72) with NA and uni- (n=4 right, 1 left sided) or bilateral (n=6) diaphragm involvement who presented since 2008 consecutively.  Results: All patients presented with orthopnea, were sleeping in sitting position and had morning and daytime fatigue. Lung function (LF) was done in sitting and supine position, only 2 patients in sitting position due to orthopnea. Mean FVC sitting position was 57 %predicted (SD 15.5), FVC supine position 36 %predicted (SD 15.9), FVC delta%(sit-sup) 43% (SD 16.2). 3 patients had daytime hypercapnia. Nocturnal hypoventilation was found in 9 patients: mean pCO2 6.6 kPa (5.5-7.7), bicarbonate 28.2 mmol/l (23.2-32,1), SpO2 91.8% (89-95). We initiated NIV because of severe symptoms (orthopnea) or nocturnal hypoventilation. One patient did not tolerate NIV. The remaining ten experienced no orthopnea during sleep, better daytime functioning and in most patients the nocturnal hypoventilation improved. After 2 years 1 patient recovered enough to sleep in supine position without NIV. The longest follow-up was up to 5 years with still good results.  Conclusion: Orthopnea and necessity to sleep in supine position associated with a decline of greater than 20% of FVC in supine position strongly suggests phrenic nerve involvement with nocturnal hypovnentilation. The initiation of NIV in these patients can lead to improved nocturnal hypoventilation and day time activities.
CGP57148B (STI-571) induces differentiation and apoptosis and sensitizes Bcr-Abl–positive human leukemia cells to apoptosis due to antileukemic drugs
Authors: Guofu Fang, Caryn Naekyung Kim, Charles L. Perkins, Nimmanapalli Ramadevi, Elliott Winton, Sylvie Wittmann, Kapil N. Bhalla
Journal: Blood (2000)
İnterstisyel Sistit/Ağrılı Mesane Sendromu Olan Kadınların Ürojinekolojik Özelliklerinin Anlaşılması
Authors: Barbara Gardella, Daniele Porru, Francesca Ferdeghini, Eva Martinotti Gabellotti, Rossella Elena Nappi, Bruno Rovereto, Arsenio Spinillo
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Reduced Cardiopulmonary Baroreflex Sensitivity in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 11Drs. Frenneaux, Morris-Thurgood and Atherton were supported by the British Heart Foundation, London. This study was supported in part by Project Grant 665 941193 and Scholarship Grant 948220 from the NH&amp;MRC of Australia.
Authors: Helen L Thomson, Jayne Morris-Thurgood, John Atherton, Michael Frenneaux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)