tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IFNγ promotes the invasive behavior of fibroblast-like synoviocytes
Authors: T Karonitsch, K Dalwigk, C Wunrau, R Byrne, B Niedereiter, J Hofstaetter, A Wanivenhaus, C Scheinecker, T Pap, J S Smolen, H P Kiener
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systemic autoimmune response translates into an inflammatory attack on the synovium that yields the formation of an aggressive cell mass, called pannus, which invades into and destroys the articular cartilage. Cartilage destruction is primarily mediated by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Among the pro-inflammatory mediators produced by infiltrating T cells, interferon γ (IFNγ) may contribute to FLS driven joint destruction. Of note, IFNγ elicits its effects via the JAK1/JAK2-Stat1 signaling pathway. To establish a role for IFNγ in the invasive potential of FLS, the authors used an in-vitro invasion assay (matrix-associated trans-epithelial resistance invasion-(MATRIN)-assay). Strikingly, FLS that were stimulated with IFNγ demonstrated a markedly increased invasive capacity when compared to un-stimulated FLS. Cell invasion involves several steps, including attachment to extracellular matrix (ECM), cell migration, and digestion of the ECM by proteases. As determined by qPCR, however, IFNγ did not up-regulate the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) by FLS. Therefore, the authors hypothesised that IFNγ directs FLS motility. Indeed, exposure of FLS to IFNγ resulted in their increased migratory activity as determined in Boyden chamber assays. Since cell motility is partly controlled by focal adhesion kinase (FAK), the authors next analysed whether or not IFNγ modulates FAK activity in FLS. Western blot analysis revealed that activation of the IFNγ-JAK1/2-Stat1 signaling cascade is associated with phosphorylation of FAK. As Stat1 deficient U3A cells similarly responded to IFNγ stimulation, activation of FAK was independent of Stat1. Instead, inhibition of JAK1/2 abrogated IFNγ induced activation of FAK in FLS, indicating that IFNγ regulates FAK activity through JAK1/2, but not Stat1. Importantly, inhibition of JAKs abrogated IFNγ induced invasive activity of FLS. These results confirm that JAK1/2 play a critical role in translating the signal induced by IFNγ to promote invasion in FLS. These studies suggest a role for IFNγ in the destructive mesenchymal tissue response to inflammation and may provide insight into FLS behavior and function in RA.
Degenerative Disc Disease
Authors: EINAT EVEN-SAPIR, ROBERT H. MARTIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The authors present three patients with degenerative disc disease (one asymptomatic patient, one febrile patient without spinal infection, and one patient with spinal infection) and cold vertebral lesions on In-111 WBC imaging. These cases illustrate the diagnostic dilemma degenerative disc disease may pose when interpreting an In-111 WBC study in suspected osteomyelitis.
Smoke Exposure in Pipe and Cigar Smokers
Authors: T. F. Pechacek, A. R. Folsom, R. De Gaudermaris, D. R. Jacobs, R. V. Luepker, R. F. Gillum, H. Blackburn
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Pipe or cigar smoking traditionally has been considered a less risky alternative to cigarette smoking. Some surveys and experimental studies have suggested, however, that former cigarette smokers who switch to cigars and/or pipe (CP) are more likely to inhale then CP users who never smoked cigarettes; but this relationship has not been consistently noted. To clarify smoke-exposure levels from CP smoking, smoking histories and serum thiocyanate (SCN) levels were studied in 9,106 adults aged 25 to 74 years in population-based surveys of seven upper Midwestern communities. Analyses of the 306 male CP smokers indicated a significantly higher SCN level in the ex-cigarette-smoking CP users vs the CP users who never smoked cigarettes. Serum thiocyanate levels of both CP groups were significantly higher than those of nonsmokers and lower than cigarette-only smokers. However, the number of pipe bowls or cigars smoked per day was also significantly related to SCN levels, and this could account for much of the association between SCN and previous cigarette smoking status. Individuals currently smoking four or more pipe bowls or four or more cigars per day had an elevated smoke exposure equivalent to about ten cigarettes per day, whether or not they previously smoked cigarettes. Because of these findings and because former cigarette smokers were more likely to report heavy CP usage, cigarette smokers should be advised to quit rather than to switch to a pipe or cigar. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:3330-3332)
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE BRONCHI.THEIR SUCCESSFUL REMOVAL WITH THE BRONCHOSCOPE.
Authors: EMTL MAYER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

There is such a variance in the character of the foreign bodies that find their way into the bronchi, and persons are so variably susceptible to their presence, some with slight complaints, others mortally ill, that the recital of individual experiences must surely help in the momentous decision we are called on to give. May we temporize, or must we act at once? To help in this elucidation is my reason for presenting my own observations of five cases seen in a little more than a year. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —On Jan. 24, 1905, in consultation with Dr. Sidney Yankauer of this city, I saw a ten months' old boy, who, while the juice of an orange was being insinuated into his mouth, inhaled one of the orange seeds. I responded promptly, arriving an hour after the accident; the child was coughing distressfully and markedly cyanotic. The coughing soon ceased and
Abstract 48: Detecting and controlling for physical contamination in next-generation sequencing cancer studies
Authors: Kristian Cibulskis, Aaron McKenna, Tim Fennell, Gad Getz
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract All large-scale cancer genome characterization efforts rely on the unprecedented throughput of massively parallel sequencing technologies, such as Illumina/Solexa, ABI/SOLiD, Roche/454, and others to generate short sequence reads. In turn, this has spurred the development of novel algorithms for sequence alignment and detection of DNA alterations. Particularly in cancer genome studies, these detection algorithms must be exceedingly sensitive since the events of interest are present in just a fraction of the observed data due to stromal contamination and tumor ploidy. At the same time they must be very specific, since the events are also extremely rare. Little has been published on tools to measure and control the quality of such data and in particular tools for identifying contamination of the sequenced DNA with DNA originating from different individuals than intended. In the case of cancer genome studies, contamination of this kind can lead to seemingly somatic events. We have developed and made available a novel tool, called ContEst, for estimating the level of contamination in next generation sequencing data of human samples. We demonstrate ContEst's accuracy across a range of contamination levels, sources and read depths using sequencing data that were mixed in-silico at known concentrations. Finally, we will show the effect of physical contamination by different individuals with regard to somatic mutation detection, and present strategies for compensating in the contaminated data. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 48. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-48
Serological and immunohistochemical detection of human herpesvirus 8 in Kaposi's sarcoma after immunosuppressive therapy for bullous pemphigoid.
Authors: K.C. Sato-Matsumura, T. Matsumura, M. Nabeshima, H. Katano, T. Sata, H. Koizumi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Serological and immunohistochemical detection of human herpesvirus 8 in Kaposi's sarcoma after immunosuppressive therapy for bullous pemphigoid Get access K.C. Sato‐Matsumura, K.C. Sato‐Matsumura Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita‐ku, Sapporo 060–8638, Japan Dr Kazuko C.Sato‐Matsumura.E‐mail: kmatsum@med.hokudai.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Matsumura, T. Matsumura Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita‐ku, Sapporo 060–8638, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Nabeshima, M. Nabeshima Department of Dermatology, Tomakomai City General Hospital, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Katano, H. Katano Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Sata, T. Sata Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Koizumi H. Koizumi Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita‐ku, Sapporo 060–8638, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 4, 1 October 2001, Pages 633–637, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04413.x Published: 01 October 2001
Intracoronary Delivery of Autologous Cardiac Stem Cells Improves Cardiac Function in a Porcine Model of Chronic Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Roberto Bolli, Xian-Liang Tang, Santosh K. Sanganalmath, Ornella Rimoldi, Federico Mosna, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Hani Jneid, Marcello Rota, Annarosa Leri, Jan Kajstura
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Relevant preclinical models are necessary for further mechanistic and translational studies of c-kit+ cardiac stem cells (CSCs). The present study was undertaken to determine whether intracoronary CSCs are beneficial in a porcine model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy.Pigs underwent a 90-minute coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion. Three months later, autologous CSCs (n=11) or vehicle (n=10) were infused into the infarct-related artery. At this time, all indices of left ventricular (LV) function were similar in control and CSC-treated pigs, indicating that the damage inflicted by the infarct in the 2 groups was similar; 1 month later, however, CSC-treated pigs exhibited significantly greater LV ejection fraction (echocardiography) (51.7±2.0% versus 42.9±2.3%, P<0.01), systolic thickening fraction in the infarcted LV wall, and maximum LV dP/dt, as well as lower LV end-diastolic pressure. Confocal microscopy showed clusters of small α-sarcomeric actin-positive cells expressing Ki67 in the scar of treated pigs, consistent with cardiac regeneration. The origin of these cycling myocytes from the injected cells was confirmed in 4 pigs that received enhanced green fluorescent protein -labeled CSCs, which were positive for the cardiac markers troponin I, troponin T, myosin heavy chain, and connexin-43. Some engrafted CSCs also formed vascular structures and expressed α-smooth muscle actin.Intracoronary infusion of autologous CSCs improves regional and global LV function and promotes cardiac and vascular regeneration in pigs with old myocardial infarction (scar). The results mimic those recently reported in humans (Stem Cell Infusion in Patients with Ischemic CardiOmyopathy [SCIPIO] trial) and establish this porcine model of ischemic cardiomyopathy as a useful and clinically relevant model for studying CSCs.
Intraoperative management of phaeochromocytoma with sodium nitroprusside.
Authors: P Daggett, I Verner, M Carruthers
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a powerful, peripherally acting hypotensive agent with a rapid onset but short duration of action. It is highly effective for hypertensive episodes in patients with a phaeochromocytoma and may be used safely with adrenoceptor-blocking agents. Two cases are described that illustrate its effectiveness in this condition, even in the presence of exceptionally high circulating concentrations of catecholamines. A simple and reliable regimen for preparing these patients for surgery may be based on oral adrenoceptor-blocking medication (phenoxybenzamine and propranolol) to provide "background" hypotensive and antiarrhythmic cover. SNP by infusion is then used as the principal intraoperative hypotensive agent, dysrhytmias being controlled with additional intravenous propranolol if required.
Characterisation of 1 and 2 adrenoceptor subtypes in the atrioventricular node of diabetic rat hearts by quantitative autoradiography
Authors: K. Saito, A. Kuroda, H. Tanaka
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Characterisation of β1 and β2 adrenoceptor subtypes in the atrioventricular node of diabetic rat hearts by quantitative autoradiography Get access Kazuto Saito, Kazuto Saito Correspondence to: Dr Saito Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Atsushi Kuroda, Atsushi Kuroda Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hiromitsu Tanaka Hiromitsu Tanaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 1991, Pages 950–954, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.11.950 Published: 01 November 1991 Article history Received: 13 February 1991 Accepted: 15 July 1991 Published: 01 November 1991
Current Clinical Practice
Authors: Andrew L. Dannenberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

How does this book differ from the standard textbooks of medicine? In the preface, the editor states that the book focuses on "patient management in a broad range of diseases and disorders [as practiced] by the specialists and superspecialists of the major private clinics in the United States." He notes that such clinics are committed to excellence in medical care and to cost-efficient practices. The editor further notes that the authors tried to be thorough but make no claim to cover completely the clinical practice of internal medicine. The text was written by approximately 270 contributing authors who practice at 14 reputable private clinics, including the Cleveland Clinic, Lahey Clinic (Burlington, Mass), Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minn), Ochsner Clinic (New Orleans), and Palo Alto (Calif) Medical Clinic. It includes 232 chapters divided among one section on general patient care and 13 sections based on organ systems. At the end of each
ACCURACY OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR VOLUME AND FUNCTION ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC RIGHT VENTRICLES USING KNOWLEDGE BASED RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: David J. Sahn, Mary-Pierre Waiss, Philip Kilner, Wim Helbing, Harold Litt, Karen Stout, Emanuela Valsangiacomo Buechel, Alan Shurman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Utilization of DNA-protein cross-links as a biomarker of chromium exposure.
Authors: A Zhitkovich, V Voitkun, T Kluz, M Costa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Human exposure to carcinogenic Cr(VI) compounds is found among workers in a large number of professional groups, and it can also occur through environmental pollution. A significant number of toxic waste sites contain Cr as a major contaminant. In this paper we summarize our efforts to apply measurements of DNA-protein cross-links (DPC) as test for biologically active doses of Cr(VI). DPC were found at elevated levels in lymphocytes in several human populations with low to medium Cr exposures. At high exposure to Cr(VI), exemplified by a group of Bulgarian chromeplaters, DPC plateaued and adducts' levels were similar to those found in environmentally exposed individuals. Lymphocytic DPC correlated strongly with Cr levels in erythrocytes that are indicative of Cr(VI) exposure. DPC in lymphocytes were not confounded by such variables as smoking, age, body weight, gender, or ethnicity. A new version of the cross-link assay offers improved sensitivity and requires a small amount of biologic material. Preliminary results indicate that the ability of DPC to reach detectable levels at low levels of Cr exposure could be related to a lack of repair of these lesions in lymphoid cells. Cr(III)-mediated cross-links of DNA with peptide glutathione or single amino acids were mutagenic in human cells, with a relationship of higher molecular weight of the peptide/amino acid correlating with a more potent mutagenic response. We speculate that bulky DPC could also have a significant promutagenic effect. The current methodology does not allow specific determination of Cr-induced DPC; however, demonstrated sensitivity of DPC measurements and the assay's large sample capacity may allow this assay to be used as the initial screening test for the occurrence of DNA damage in Cr(VI)-exposed populations.
State violence towards sex workers
Authors: B. Brooks-Gordon
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Stigma affects health in many ways, and this is exemplified in sex workers, who are seen as suitable targets for violence. Studies on transgender sex workers show they are routinely subjected to violence, public humiliation, and, not infrequently, murder.  Male transvestite sex workers are difficult to access and vulnerable in terms of public health and criminal justice policy; both of these facts have implications for the control of sexually transmitted diseases. The transvestite population is also vulnerable to HIV from silicon implanting and drug misuse, and to multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Few data are available on police violence towards female or transvestite sex workers, but non-governmental organisations in developing countries have reported police harassment or social cleansing of transvestite sex workers. Rigorous research is therefore needed to understand the precise context of this multiple vulnerability.
Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Funagata Area, Japan
Authors: Akira Sekikawa, Makoto Tominaga, Kenji Takahashi, Hideyuki Eguchi, Masahiko Igarashi, Hiroshi Ohnuma, Kazuhiko Sugiyama, Hideo Manaka, Hideo Sasaki, Haru Fukuyama, Kouzui Miyazawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and IGT in the Funagata area of Japan. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The total eligible subjects was 1163, all were &amp;gt; or ≥45 yr of age, and 52 were known diabetic patients. Data collected included body height, weight, and answers to medical questionnaires. A 75-g OGTT was done in the morning. WHO criteria were used to classify the current diabetes status of study participants. RESULTS Of the 1111 scheduled for the OGTT, 868 took the test; the participation rate was 77.8%. The prevalence of diabetes was 10.5 and 12.9%, and the prevalence of IGT was 14.7 and 18.0% for men and women, respectively. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes (4.9%) was almost equal to that of previously diagnosed diabetes (4.5%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of diabetes in the Funagata area was two to four times higher than that of previous reports in Japan, in which many investigators used a urinary glucose test as a preliminary test. This difference is attributed to the method of determining the prevalence of diabetes.
Two-Way Street Links Ever-Smaller World Spanned by CDC's Epidemiologic Efforts
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

IN the global village, it is CDC physicians who make house calls. "Peace Corps types" is how the CDC's public affairs director, Don Berreth, describes the epidemiologists who hop an international flight at the drop of a hat when asked to assist in solving an out-of-the-ordinary health problem. From the Union Carbide industrial disaster in Bhopal (<i>JAMA</i>. 1985; 253:2001-2013) to the mysterious toxic oil syndrome in Spain, CDC investigators often have been among the first on the scene. Medical emergencies took them to 20 countries on five continents during the past year alone. And, in turn, scientists from around the world come to Atlanta, Ga, for the unique epidemiologic training that the CDC can provide. More than 1000 came from 119 countries in 1989. There may be an occasional cultural clash or diplomatic gaffe, but "our reputation is such that usually an apology will suffice," says Joe Davis, MD, director
Early on-treatment prediction of response to peginterferon alfa-2a for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B using HBsAg and HBV DNA levels
Authors: Vincent Rijckborst, Bettina E. Hansen, Yilmaz Cakaloglu, Peter Ferenci, Fehmi Tabak, Meral Akdogan, Krzysztof Simon, Ulus S. Akarca, Robert Flisiak, Elke Verhey, Anneke J. Van Vuuren, Charles A. B. Boucher, Martijn J. ter Borg, Harry L. A. Janssen
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Peginterferon alfa-2a results in a sustained response (SR) in a minority of patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)–negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study investigated the role of early on-treatment serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels in the prediction of SR in HBeAg-negative patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2a. HBsAg (Architect from Abbott) was quantified at the baseline and during treatment (weeks 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48) and follow-up (weeks 60 and 72) in the sera from 107 patients who participated in an international multicenter trial (peginterferon alfa-2a, n = 53, versus peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin, n = 54). Overall, 24 patients (22%) achieved SR [serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level < 10,000 copies/mL and normal alanine aminotransferase levels at week 72]. Baseline characteristics were comparable between sustained responders and nonresponders. From week 8 onward, serum HBsAg levels markedly decreased in sustained responders, whereas only a modest decline was observed in nonresponders. However, HBsAg declines alone were of limited value in the prediction of SR [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) at weeks 4, 8, and 12 = 0.59, 0.56, and 0.69, respectively]. Combining the declines in HBsAg and HBV DNA allowed the best prediction of SR (AUC at week 12 = 0.74). None of the 20 patients (20% of the study population) in whom a decrease in serum HBsAg levels was absent and whose HBV DNA levels declined less than 2 log copies/mL exhibited an SR (negative predictive value = 100%). Conclusion: At week 12 of peginterferon alfa-2a treatment for HBeAg-negative CHB, a solid stopping rule was established with a combination of declines in serum HBV DNA and HBsAg levels from the baseline. Quantitative serum HBsAg in combination with HBV DNA enables on-treatment adjustments of peginterferon therapy for HBeAg-negative CHB. (HEPATOLOGY 2010)
Personalized Medicine for Effective Alzheimer Disease Treatment
Authors: Kenneth S. Kosik
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

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