tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide on atrial flutter: studies in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: K M Wu, B F Hoffman
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We studied the effects of procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) in a conscious dog preparation of atrial flutter resulting from circus movement around the tricuspid orifice. We also recorded transmembrane potentials of atrial tissues from the circus path in vitro. In 12 instrumented dogs, average flutter cycle length was 157 msec, the duration of the excitable gap was 73 msec, and conduction velocity was 0.75 m/sec. At 4 and 8 mg/kg, procainamide moderately prolonged cycle length, but did not terminate the flutter. At a cycle length of 300 msec procainamide increased effective refractory period (ERP) by 12% and 20% and conduction time by 8% and 19%. At 16 and 32 mg/kg procainamide prolonged cycle length, ERP, and conduction time by 60% to 80% and stopped the flutter in all trials. NAPA, at 16, 32, and 64 mg/kg, increased flutter cycle length by 16%, 16%, and 31%, ERP by 14%, 28%, and 41%, and conduction time by less than 15%. NAPA terminated the flutter in two of six dogs given 32 mg/kg, and three of five dogs given 64 mg/kg. The excitable gap was lengthened by both procainamide and NAPA. Transmembrane potentials showed that at a cycle length from 1000 to 300 msec procainamide (10 mg/liter) increased action potential duration and decreased the first time derivative of phase O of the action potential (Vmax), whereas NAPA (20 mg/liter) increased action potential duration without changing Vmax. These findings show the difficulty of relating drug effects on transmembrane potentials to efficacy in vivo since the former do not necessarily indicate which changes in cellular electrical activity are responsible for efficacy against a particular arrhythmogenic mechanism.
The Anion Gap
Authors: Man S. Oh, Hugh J. Carroll
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The anion gap can be readily calculated from routine laboratory data, and although it has its widest application in the diagnosis of various forms of metabolic acidosis,1 , 2 it may sometimes provide an important clue to the diagnosis of disorders such as multiple myeloma3 4 5 or bromide intoxication.6 However, the concept of the anion gap is often misunderstood and misapplied. The purpose of this communication is to discuss in some detail the concept of the anion gap, the implications of abnormalities of the anion gap and, finally, its application to the differential diagnosis of metabolic acidosis.Concept of the Anion GapThe . . .
Initial Drug Resistance and Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Woojin Lew, Madhukar Pai, Olivia Oxlade, Daniel Martin, Dick Menzies
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Despite the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis, most low- and middle-income countries use standardized regimens, without assessment of drug susceptibility. Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of initial drug resistance and treatment regimen on tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Data Sources: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Database of Clinical Trials, and EMBASE were searched for studies published in English from 1965 to June 2007. Additional studies were identified from cited references. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials and cohort studies of standardized treatment of previously untreated patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis. Drug-susceptibility testing was done on pretreatment isolates from all patients and from patients with treatment failure or relapse. Data Extraction: Two authors reviewed the studies for methods, initial drug resistance, treatment regimens, and outcomes. Data Synthesis: Pooled cumulative incidences were computed with random-effects meta-analyses. Association between risk factors and outcomes were determined by using stratified analyses. The cumulative incidence of acquired drug resistance with initially pan-sensitive strains was 0.8% (95% CI, 0.5% to 1.0%) compared with 6% (CI, 4% to 8%) with initially single drug–resistant strains and 14% (CI, 9% to 20%) with initially polydrug-resistant strains. Failure and relapse were most strongly associated with initial drug resistance. Failure was also associated with shorter duration of rifampin therapy and nonuse of streptomycin, whereas the rate of relapse was higher with shorter duration of rifampin therapy and nonuse of pyrazinamide. Limitations: Few studies included HIV-infected persons, and treatment outcomes were pooled despite considerable heterogeneity. Conclusion: Treatment outcomes were substantially worse in the presence of initial drug resistance, which has important implications in resource-limited settings in which drug resistance is prevalent.
Focusing on Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Using Radionuclide Cardiac Imaging
Authors: ADRIANA GINI, VIJAY SANGAR, MARK MALLEY, AMOLAK SINGH, RICHARD A. HOLMES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A case of peripartum cardiomyopathy presenting immediately after pregnancy is reported. Symptoms of this condition are nonspecific, and it is rare to make the diagnosis antemortem. Several functional radionuclide procedures provided a useful means to diagnose and monitor the course of the disease.
THE ELECTIVE SYSTEM IN MEDICAL SCHOOLS.
Authors: D. N. EISENDRATH
Journal: JAMA (1904)

With the growth of the curriculum in our medical schools, the urgent necessity has arisen of either lengthening the number of years of medical study from four to five, or of so adapting ourselves to the needs of the medicai student that some way must be found out of the difficulty. This increase in the number of subjects of study has arisen in two ways: 1. The development of the various laboratory subjects (and by this I include anatomy, physiology, histology, chemistry and pathology) has necessitated the devotion of practically the entire first two, to so-called theoretical branches, leaving the practical branch to the last two years. 2. The rapid development of the special branches of both medicine and surgery (gynecology is included in the latter), has taxed the number of hours in the school year to the utmost. An effort has been made in some schools to correct this
New Solution for Preserving Red Blood Cells
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Results of Indomethacin Therapy in Rheumatic Diseases.
Authors: Bernard M. Norcross
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964The Results of Indomethacin Therapy in Rheumatic Diseases.Bernard M. Norcross, M.D., F.A.C.P.Bernard M. Norcross, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-796_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIndomethacin is the first nonsteroid drug with marked anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activity since the introduction of phenylbutazone in the early 1950's. This compound is more potent than either cortisol or phenylbutazone when assayed by the granuloma pouch inhibition and the carrageenin-induced edema-inhibition techniques.More than 300 patients treated with Indomethacin during the past 2 years were observed for objective improvement and followed with extensive laboratory tests. The "side effects" included headaches, dizzyness, and gastrointestinal complaints.Indomethacin was more effective and associated with less serious toxicity than phenylbutazone or adrenal corticosteroids in the long-term management of rheumatoid or osteoarthritic patients.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Buffalo, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 796-796KeywordsAnalgesicsCortisolDrugsGranulomasLaboratory testsToxicity Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Dysregulation of Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Enzyme Cystathionine γ-lyase Contributes to Maternal Hypertension and Placental Abnormalities in Preeclampsia
Authors: Keqing Wang, Shakil Ahmad, Meng Cai, Jillian Rennie, Takeshi Fujisawa, Fatima Crispi, James Baily, Mark R. Miller, Melissa Cudmore, Patrick W. F. Hadoke, Rui Wang, Eduard Gratacós, Irina A. Buhimschi, Catalin S. Buhimschi, Asif Ahmed
Journal: Circulation (2013)

The exact etiology of preeclampsia is unknown, but there is growing evidence of an imbalance in angiogenic growth factors and abnormal placentation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous messenger produced mainly by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), is a proangiogenic vasodilator. We hypothesized that a reduction in CSE activity may alter the angiogenic balance in pregnancy and induce abnormal placentation and maternal hypertension.Plasma levels of H2S were significantly decreased in women with preeclampsia (P<0.01), which was associated with reduced placental CSE expression as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Inhibition of CSE activity by DL-propargylglycine reduced placental growth factorproduction from first-trimester (8-12 weeks gestation) human placental explants and inhibited trophoblast invasion in vitro. Knockdown of CSE in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by small-interfering RNA increased the release of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and soluble endoglin, as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas adenoviral-mediated CSE overexpression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells inhibited their release. Administration of DL-propargylglycine to pregnant mice induced hypertension and liver damage, promoted abnormal labyrinth vascularization in the placenta, and decreased fetal growth. Finally, a slow-releasing H2S-generating compound, GYY4137, inhibited circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and soluble endoglin levels and restored fetal growth in mice that was compromised by DL-propargylglycine treatment, demonstrating that the effect of CSE inhibitor was attributable to inhibition of H2S production.These results imply that endogenous H2S is required for healthy placental vasculature and that a decrease in CSE/H2S activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Pharmacotherapy of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Stephen E. Straus
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases—Graves' and Hashimoto's
Authors: JOSIAH BROWN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Thyroid-related autoimmune diseases (Graves' thyroid disease, Graves' ophthalmopathy, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis) may occur alone or in any association. The diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis requires multiple criteria; pathologic changes in the thyroid are not due to antibodies but may result from cytotoxic lymphocytes or a deficiency of suppressive T cells. In Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases the increased prevalence of HLA-B8 may not be significant, but that of HLA-AW30 in Hashimoto's disease is. In 48 first-degree relatives of patients with Graves' disease, thyroid abnormalities were frequent but not correlated with HLA type. Elevated serum thyroglobulin levels in all patients with hyperthyroidism fell to normal after surgical resection or radioiodine therapy. Patients whose illness recurred after antithyroid drug treatment was stopped had higher pretreatment thyroglobulin levels and no fall during treatment; those whose illness remitted had lower initial levels and a significant fall during treatment. Sodium ipodate lowered serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels in hyperthyroid patients and may be useful in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Zanamivir in the Prevention of Influenza Among Healthy Adults
Authors: Arnold S. Monto, D. Paul Robinson, M. Louise Herlocher, James M. Hinson, Jr, Michael J. Elliott, Adam Crisp
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextThe neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir, a sialic acid analog administered directly to the respiratory tract, has been demonstrated in clinical studies to be effective in treatment of type A and B influenza. It has also been shown to prevent influenza infection and disease in an experimental model.ObjectiveTo examine the efficacy of zanamivir, administered once daily, in the prevention of influenza infection and disease.DesignDouble-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.SettingTwo midwestern university communities.ParticipantsA total of 1107 healthy adults (mean age [range], 29 [18-69] years) were recruited in November 1997, before the influenza season.InterventionAt the start of the influenza outbreak, 554 subjects were randomized to receive placebo and 553 to receive zanamivir. The drug, 10 mg once per day, or identical placebo was administered by oral inhalation for a 4-week period.Main Outcome MeasuresIllness occurrence was recorded by participants daily and records were evaluated weekly. Specimens were collected for viral isolation when symptoms were reported within 3 days of illness onset. Infection was also identified by testing paired serum samples for rise in antibody titer against the circulating influenza viruses.ResultsZanamivir was 67% efficacious (95% confidence interval [CI], 39%-83%; P<.001) in preventing laboratory-confirmed clinical influenza meeting the case definition and 84% efficacious (95% CI, 55%-94%; P=.001) in preventing laboratory-confirmed illnesses with fever. All influenza infections occurring during the season, with or without symptoms, were prevented with an efficacy of 31% (95% CI, 4%-50%; P=.03). The nature and incidence of adverse events in the zanamivir group did not differ from placebo. Compliance with the once-daily dosage was high.ConclusionsZanamivir administered once daily is efficacious and well tolerated in the prevention of influenza for a 4-week period in healthy adults.
New Perspectives on Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ferdinand C. Breedveld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have symmetric synovitis of their peripheral joints and various degrees of joint destruction. In short-term studies, slow-acting antirheumatic drugs relieve symptoms and retard joint destruction, but many patients continue to have pain, stiffness, fatigue, and progressive disability.1 Better treatments are needed. This issue of the Journal includes reports of two randomized, controlled trials that investigated variations of widely used treatments for rheumatoid arthritis.2,3 In a six-month study of 148 patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis who had had only partial improvement with methotrexate, Tugwell et al. found greater clinical improvement with cyclosporine and methotrexate combined than . . .
A fifth of women with breast cancer have a recurrence, new UK figures show
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following A fifth of women with breast cancer have a recurrence, new UK figures show Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
TCTAP A-151 Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery (ULMCA) Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)- Our Experiences at Apollo Hospitals Dhaka
Authors: Shams Munwar, Ahm Waliul Islam, Shahbudin Talukder, A.Q.M. Reza, Tamzeed Ahmed, Azfar H. Bhuiyan, Rowsan Masud
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Estrogen Insensitivity in a Model of Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Joshua Chuck Harrell, Wendy W. Dye, Djuana M.E. Harvell, Mauricio Pinto, Paul Jedlicka, Carol A. Sartorius, Kathryn B. Horwitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The lymphatic system is a common avenue for the spread of breast cancer cells and dissemination through it occurs at least as frequently as hematogenous metastasis. Approximately 75% of primary breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) positive and the majority of these maintain receptor expression as lymph node (LN) metastases. However, it is unknown if ER function is equivalent in cancer cells growing in the breast and in the LNs. We have developed a model to assess estrogen responsiveness in ER+ breast tumors and LN metastases. Fluorescent ER+ MCF-7 tumors were grown in ovariectomized nude mice supplemented with estradiol. Once axillary LN metastasis arose, estradiol was withdrawn (EWD), for 1 or 4 weeks, or continued, to assess estradiol responsiveness. On EWD, proliferation rates fell similarly in tumors and LN metastases. However, estradiol-dependent ER down-regulation and progesterone receptor induction were deficient in LN metastases, indicating that ER-dependent transcriptional function was altered in the LN. Cancer cells from estradiol-treated and EWD primary tumors and matched LN metastases were isolated by laser capture microdissection. Global gene expression profiling identified transcripts that were regulated by the tissue microenvironment, by hormones, or by both. Interestingly, numerous genes that were estradiol regulated in tumors lost estradiol sensitivity or were regulated in the opposite direction by estradiol in LN metastases. We propose that the LN microenvironment alters estradiol signaling and may contribute to local antiestrogen resistance. [Cancer Res 2007;67(21):10582–91]
473 NON ADHERENCE TO MEDICAL PRESCRIPTIONS IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A PROSPECTIVE LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: G. Germani, F. Gnoato, V. Borella, S. Lazzaro, E. Perissinotto, M. Senzolo, F.P. Russo, E. De Martin, M. Gambato, E. Nadal, U. Cillo, G.C. Sturniolo, P. Burra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Intramuscular on demand analgesia: double blind controlled trial of pethidine, buprenorphine, morphine, and meptazinol.
Authors: M Harmer, P J Slattery, M Rosen, M D Vickers
Journal: BMJ (1983)

An on demand intramuscular analgesic system using the Cardiff Palliator was tested. Forty consenting patients were studied after cholecystectomy in a double blind trial using increments of buprenorphine (0.15 mg), meptazinol (50 mg), morphine (5 mg), and pethidine (50 mg). Most patients attained good levels of pain relief (mean analogue pain score 36.5), comparable to intravenous on demand analgesia. There were no technical complications. Significant differences were found between drugs in dizziness (pethidine produced the worst score) but not with other side effects. Buprenorphine produced longer lasting analgesia than meptazinol or pethidine and also gave the lowest pain scores. Patterns of analgesic consumption were the same as with intravenous on demand systems, but larger amounts of drug were generally used. Relative analgesic potencies derived from drug consumption rates were also consistent with those from intravenous on demand studies. An on demand intramuscular analgesic system offers a simple but effective means of relieving severe postoperative pain.
ROENTGENOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE NORMAL KIDNEY, ITS PELVIS AND URETER
Authors: SAMUEL B. CHILDS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

clinical history was that of a typical common-duct case.The roentgenogram showed a definite stone in the position of the common duct.The operation Bhowed that the stone was there.It was removed from the common duct.The conclusion was definite and absolute.You would hang a man on evidence of that kind.I placed that stone in some urine and found that it floated.It was a light stone.I took another picture of that patient and found the same shadow in the same place.It was a silent kidney-stone.I wish to emphasize the fact that the evidence given by the roentgenogram in determining the presence or absence of gall-stones is of very little value.Dr. J. T. Case, Battle Creek, Mich.: In the part of the paper which I did not read I described Dr. Pfahler's technic to assist in the demonstration of gall-stones.Dr. Bevan's remarks are timely and should serve to repress youthful enthusiasm, but I should like to call your attention to a few facts.Among the last one thousand cases of bismuth-meal examinations made in my clinic for conditions such as gallbladder disease, ulcer and carcinoma of the stomach, intestinal trouble, appendicitis and all kinds of abdominal conditions, I have demonstrated gall-stones in forty-eight.If only one- tenth of these caBes can be diagnosed by the Roentgen ray, there were 480 caBes of gall-stones among one thousand cases, and yet none of these cases were suspected clinically.I believe that the percentage-one in ten-is too high.Fig.S1.\p=m-\Series.J. ormal kidneys.Catheter on left side follows roof of pelvis as ws roof of pel v i s as in 80 per cent. of our cases.Note shadow of both kidneys.Fig.-S\p=m-\normal kidneys.