tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Widespread Distribution of Urinary Tract Infections Caused by a Multidrug-Resistant<i>Escherichia coli</i>Clonal Group
Authors: Amee R. Manges, James R. Johnson, Betsy Foxman, Timothy T. O'Bryan, Kathleen E. Fullerton, Lee W. Riley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The management of urinary tract infections is complicated by the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Escherichia coli. We studied the clonal composition of E. coli isolates that were resistant to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole from women with community-acquired urinary tract infections.
Management of acute mesenteric ischaemia: Recommended strategy is misleading
Authors: A. L Tambyraja
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>SUMMARY</h3> Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients possess circulating T cells that recognize specific α-synuclein-(α-syn)-derived epitopes. One epitope, α-syn<sub>32-46</sub>, interacts strongly with the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele implicated in multiple autoimmune diseases. Whether this interaction and α-syn-specific T cells play roles in PD pathogenesis remains unknown. We report that α-syn<sub>32-46</sub> immunization of a humanized mouse that expresses HLA-DRB1*15:01 triggers intestinal inflammation. This enteric pathology is characterized by activation of innate and adaptive immune responses and type I interferon signaling as well as loss of enteric dopaminergic neurons in the submucosal plexus, and results in constipation and weight loss. Depletion of CD4<sup>+</sup>, but not CD8<sup>+</sup>, T cells partially rescues enteric neurodegeneration. Thus, an interaction between α-syn<sub>32-46</sub> and HLA-DRB1*15:01 induces gut inflammation and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell-mediated loss of enteric dopaminergic neurons in the humanized mice. These findings suggest a mechanism for the prodromal enteric features of PD and indicate future directions for disease screening and treatment. <h3>HIGHLIGHTS AND eTOC Blurb</h3> α-syn<sub>32-46</sub> immunization of a HLA-DRB1*15:01 mouse triggers weight loss and constipation. α-syn<sub>32-46</sub> immunizations induce gut inflammation and loss of enteric dopaminergic neurons. Depletion of CD4<sup>+</sup>, but not CD8<sup>+</sup>, T cells partially rescues enteric neurodegeneration. Interaction between α-syn<sub>32-46</sub> and HLA-DRB1*15:01 are critical for the prodromal phase of PD. Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients have circulating T cells that recognize α-synuclein-(α-syn)-epitopes. One epitope α-syn<sub>32-46</sub>, interacts with the HLA-DRB1*15:01; however, its role in PD pathogenesis remains unknown. Garretti <i>et al</i>. show that α-syn<sub>32-46</sub> immunization of a humanized mouse expressing HLA-DRB1*15:01 triggers intestinal inflammation, loss of enteric dopaminergic neurons, constipation and weight loss, suggesting a critical role in the prodromal PD.
Cyclone Nargis and the Politics of Relief and Reconstruction Aid in Burma (Myanmar)
Authors: Eric Stover
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EFFECT OF INDUCED CELLULAR REACTION ON THE FATE OF CANCER GRAFTS
Authors: James B. Murphy, Raymond G. Hussey, Ernest Sturm, Waro Nakahara
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

Mice sensitized by an injection of 0.2 cc. of rat blood and 10 days later inoculated with a mixture of rat blood and a transplantable mouse cancer showed a high degree of immunity to the cancer growth, while mice sensitized in the same manner and inoculated with cancer graft with no rat blood showed no immunity. Likewise, non-sensitized mice inoculated with a mixture of rat blood and cancer cells showed no immunity. Mice sensitized to rat blood and then given a series of doses of x-rays between the time of this injection and the inoculation of the cancer-rat blood mixture showed a suppression of the factors affording protection or immunity, since the cancers grew as well in these animals as in the controls. Mice were sensitized with rat blood and 10 days later inoculated with a cancer-rat blood mixture. 20 hours after the inoculation when the cellular exudation was at its height, the cells were destroyed by a local dose of x-rays. The degree of immunity was reduced and the cancers grew almost as well as in the controls.
Genomic structure of the human Ig lambda 1 gene suggests that it may be expressed as an Ig lambda 14.1-like protein or as a canonical B cell Ig lambda light chain: implications for Ig lambda gene evolution.
Authors: R J Evans, G F Hollis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

In pre-B cells, immunoglobulin mu (Ig mu) is associated with pre-B cell-specific proteins to form a multimeric complex that is found on the cell surface. One of these proteins is encoded by the three exon Ig lambda-like gene 14.1, whose expression is restricted to pre-B cells and occurs from an unrearranged gene. A comparison of the 14.1 gene structure to the seven-gene human Ig lambda locus revealed that the most 5' gene, Ig lambda 1, is organized in a three-exon structure very similar to the 14.1 gene. Transcription and splicing of these three-exon sequences would lead to an mRNA with an open reading frame which could encode a light (L) chain-like protein with a molecular weight of 23,045. Our analysis suggests that two transcripts may be produced from the Ig lambda 1 gene that share the same Ig lambda 1 constant region-containing third exon. One transcript would include all three 14.1-related exons and be expressed from the germline gene, and the second transcript would be produced after variable-joining (V-J) recombination has occurred to Ig lambda J1 and would encode a classic Ig lambda L chain protein. The conservation of the genomic organization of the human 14.1 and Ig lambda 1 genes and the mouse homolog, lambda 5, relative to the classic Ig lambda L chain genes provides insight into the evolution of Ig genes.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases Affecting the Nervous System
Authors: G. R. Haase
Journal: JAMA (1970)

There is no dearth of textbooks on neurology, and  author of  new text must attempt  specific approach, in order to make his opus palatable.  Dr. Frederick Lees, consultant neurologist to  Chelmsford and Colchester Hospitals, in Essex, England, hopes to address himself in his two-volume work to general practitioners, students and other nonspecialists. He believes that the rarefied atmosphere of an academic department is a far cry from  rough and tumble of  diagnosis of unselected or only partly selected patients. His approach is indeed novel: Part 1 of  work comprises  list of more than 120 symptoms, such as tender scalp or painful muscle cramps, and in each instance  differential diagnosis is elaborated. Part 2 discusses physical signs, and supplements part 1. It also considers investigative approaches to patients with neurological disorders.  Part 3 is  description of neurological disease entities, and is
Long-term visit-to-visit office blood pressure variability increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Francesca Mallamaci, Roberto Minutolo, Daniela Leonardis, Graziella D'Arrigo, Giovanni Tripepi, Francesco Rapisarda, Teresa Cicchetti, Igina Maimone, Giuseppe Enia, Maurizio Postorino, Domenico Santoro, Giorgio Fuiano, Luca De Nicola, Giuseppe Conte, Carmine Zoccali
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Ex vivo carbon monoxide prevents cytochrome P450 degradation and ischemia/reperfusion injury of kidney grafts
Authors: Atsunori Nakao, Gaetano Faleo, Hiroko Shimizu, Kiichi Nakahira, Junichi Kohmoto, Ryujiro Sugimoto, Augustine M.K. Choi, Kenneth R. McCurry, Toru Takahashi, Noriko Murase
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
The true cost of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: R. Smith, J. Coast
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Mosquitoes are important vectors of disease and require sources of carbohydrates for reproduction and survival. Unlike host-related behaviors of mosquitoes, comparatively less is understood about the mechanisms involved in nectar-feeding decisions, or how this sensory information is processed in the mosquito brain. Here we show that <i>Aedes</i> spp. mosquitoes, including <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, are effective pollinators of the <i>Platanthera obtusata</i> orchid, and demonstrate this mutualism is mediated by the orchid's scent and the balance of excitation and inhibition in the mosquito's antennal lobe (AL). The <i>P. obtusata</i> orchid emits an attractive, nonanal-rich scent, whereas related <i>Platanthera</i> species – not visited by mosquitoes – emit scents dominated by lilac aldehyde. Calcium imaging experiments in the mosquito AL revealed that nonanal and lilac aldehyde each respectively activate the LC2 and AM2 glomerulus, and remarkably, the AM2 glomerulus is also sensitive to DEET, a mosquito repellent. Lateral inhibition between these two glomeruli reflects the level of attraction to the orchid scents: whereas the enriched nonanal scent of <i>P. obtusata</i> activates the LC2 and suppresses AM2, the high level of lilac aldehyde in the other orchid scents inverts this pattern of glomerular activity, and behavioral attraction is lost. These results demonstrate the ecological importance of mosquitoes beyond operating as disease vectors and open the door towards understanding the neural basis of mosquito nectar-seeking behaviors. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> Nectar-feeding by mosquitoes is important for survival and reproduction, and hence disease transmission. However, we know little about the sensory mechanisms that mediate mosquito attraction to sources of nectar, like those of flowers, or how this information is processed in the mosquito brain. Using a unique mutualism between <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes and <i>Platanthera obtusata</i> orchids, we reveal that this mutualism is mediated by the orchid's scent. Furthermore, lateral inhibition in the mosquito's antennal (olfactory) lobe – via the neurotransmitter GABA – is critical for the representation of the scent. These results have implications toward understanding the olfactory basis of mosquito-nectar-seeking behaviors.
Hospitalists: Cost and Quality of Care
Authors: Jonathan Warren
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters2 March 1999Hospitalists: Cost and Quality of CareJonathan Warren, MDJonathan Warren, MDPittsburgh, PA 15217 (Warren)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-5-199903020-00008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As a medical staff member at the institution that served as the setting for Diamond and colleagues' study on the effect of full-time hospitalists (1), I noted that two pieces of information were omitted that might affect interpretation of the effectiveness and efficiency of the hospitalist program.First, a large portion of the medical care provided to the patients covered by this program was carried out by housestaff, as noted by the authors. The extent of housestaff involvement was substantive, as required by the Residency Review Committee of ACGME. The housestaff component of this program was not ...Reference1. Diamond HS, Goldberg E, Janosky JE. The effect of full-time faculty hospitalists on the efficiency of care at a community teaching hospital. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:197-203. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jonathan Warren, MDAffiliations: Pittsburgh, PA 15217 (Warren) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Effect of Full-Time Faculty Hospitalists on the Efficiency of Care at a Community Teaching Hospital Herbert S. Diamond , Elliot Goldberg , and Janine E. Janosky Hospitalists: Cost and Quality of Care Eran Bellin Hospitalists: Cost and Quality of Care Herbert S. Diamond and Elliot Goldberg Metrics Cited byHospitalists: will hospitalists care for our surgical patients? 2 March 1999Volume 130, Issue 5Page: 450KeywordsHealth care qualityHospitalistsLength of stayMedical staffPatientsPrimary care physiciansResidency ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 2 March 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Book Review Biopsychosocial Medicine: An Integrated Approach to Understanding Illness Edited by Peter White. 242 pp. New York, Oxford University Press, 2005. $135 (cloth); $57.50 (paper). 0-19-853033-1 (cloth); 0-19-853034-X (paper).
Authors: Frank M. Dattilio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Dietary Intake of Fruits and Vegetables Improves Microvascular Function in Hypertensive Subjects in a Dose-Dependent Manner
Authors: Damian O. McCall, Claire P. McGartland, Michelle C. McKinley, Chris C. Patterson, Peter Sharpe, David R. McCance, Ian S. Young, Jayne V. Woodside
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Observational evidence has consistently linked increased fruit and vegetable consumption with reduced cardiovascular morbidity; however, there is little direct trial evidence to support the concept that fruit and vegetable consumption improves vascular function. This study assessed the dose-dependent effects of a fruit and vegetable intervention on arterial health in subjects with hypertension. Methods and Results— After a 4-week run-in period during which fruit and vegetable intake was limited to 1 portion per day, participants were randomized to consume either 1, 3, or 6 portions daily for the next 8 weeks. Endothelium-dependent and -independent arterial vasodilator responses were assessed by venous occlusion plethysmography in the brachial circulation before and after intervention. Compliance was monitored with serial contemporaneous 4-day food records and by measuring concentrations of circulating dietary biomarkers. A total of 117 volunteers completed the 12-week study. Participants in the 1-, 3-, and 6-portions/d groups reported consuming on average 1.1, 3.2, and 5.6 portions of fruit and vegetables, respectively, and serum concentrations of lutein and β-cryptoxanthin increased across the groups in a dose-dependent manner. For each 1-portion increase in reported fruit and vegetable consumption, there was a 6.2% improvement in forearm blood flow responses to intra-arterial administration of the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine ( P =0.03). There was no association between increased fruit and vegetable consumption and vasodilator responses to sodium nitroprusside, an endothelium-independent vasodilator. Conclusions— The present study illustrates that among hypertensive volunteers, increased fruit and vegetable consumption produces significant improvements in an established marker of endothelial function and cardiovascular prognosis.
A Variant of the Hofstätter–Cullen Sign in Intra-Abdominal Hemorrhage from Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: John Fallon, John J. Manning
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

ORDINARILY one thinks of Cullen's sign — when it is thought of at all — as the blue navel of ectopic pregnancy. Actually, other diseases can produce the phenomenon, it often appears away from the umbilicus, other colors are as frequent as blue, and it was first described by Hofstätter.1 Cullen's2 , 3 classic description and Brödel's4 painting of his case, however, taught the world to look for the sign and English-speaking nations to call it Cullen's.The sign can be caused by intra-abdominal hemorrhage from any source and is counterfeited by other nonbloody fluids. After ectopic pregnancy, the next most frequently . . .
Patients' attitudes about the use of placebo treatments: telephone survey
Authors: S. C. Hull, L. Colloca, A. Avins, N. P. Gordon, C. P. Somkin, T. J. Kaptchuk, F. G. Miller
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective </b>To examine the attitudes of US patients about the use of placebo treatments in medical care. <b>Design</b> One time telephone surveys. <b>Setting</b> Northern California. <b>Participants </b>853 members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California, aged 18-75, who had been seen by a primary care provider for a chronic health problem at least once in the prior six months. <b>Results </b>The response rate was 53.4% (853/1598) of all members who were eligible to participate, and 73.2% (853/1165) of all who could be reached by telephone. Most respondents (50-84%) judged it acceptable for doctors to recommend placebo treatments under conditions that varied according to doctors' level of certainty about the benefits and safety of the treatment, the purpose of the treatment, and the transparency with which the treatment was described to patients. Only 21.9% of respondents judged that it was never acceptable for doctors to recommend placebo treatments. Respondents valued honesty by physicians regarding the use of placebos and believed that non-transparent use could undermine the relationship between patients and physicians. <b>Conclusions</b> Most patients in this survey seemed favorable to the idea of placebo treatments and valued honesty and transparency in this context, suggesting that physicians should consider engaging with patients to discuss their values and attitudes about the appropriateness of using treatments aimed at promoting placebo responses in the context of clinical decision making.
Basic Psychiatric Literature as Determined from the Recommended Reading Lists of Residency Training Programs
Authors: JOAN B. WOODS, SAM PIEPER, SHERVERT H. FRAZIER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Reading lists for psychiatric residents were obtained from 140 three-year training programs and several rank-orders were determined for the 2,800 books on the lists. All rank-orders agreed on the "most recommended" book and the first 18 books; there was a 92 percent correlation through the first 453 books. A brief look at the subject matter of the first 104 books indicates that the most popular subjects are psychoanalytic theories of personality, schizophrenia, psychotherapy, and child psychiatry.
THE USES OF PROPRIETARY AND MEDICINAL FOODS IN THE HOSPITAL
Authors: W. McKIM MARRIOTT
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The heyday of the "patent medicine" is past. The public has learned that health cannot be purchased in bottle form. Shotgun prescribing by physicians is being superseded by the rational use of drugs of known composition and action. The value of hygiene, physical therapeutics and diet in the prevention and amelioration of disease is becoming recognized more and more. The newer knowledge of nutrition has given an impetus to dietotherapy. Careful scientific investigation has served to define the functions of the various food constituents. The essential requirements of a normal diet for the maintenance of health are quite clearly understood, as well as the modifications of the diet which are necessary in the case of persons suffering from a variety of diseases. As in all scientific endeavor, however, there exists a broad fringe of pseudoscience. The food faker follows closely behind the nutritional investigator, picks out an occasional truth, distorts
Aspirin and gastric bleeding
Authors: J. C. Bowie
Journal: BMJ (1967)

LJU"RNAL response to specific therapy, even when large numbers of tablets are consumed.On the other hand, experience of para- cetamol poisoning is very limited, but acute liver necrosis and death feature prominently in recorded cases."Indeed, the manufacturers of one brand of paracetamol, very responsibly, give in their brochure information relating to a 13-year- old girl who died after taking 30 tablets.Post-mortem examination revealed massive diffuse toxic necrosis of the liver.The onset of liver disease in paracetamol poisoning may be delayed several days, and it is possible that survival from serious intoxication may be complicated by residual liver damage.The toxic effect of 50 aspirin tablets, a com- mon overdose, is very much less than those that might arise from ingestion of a similar number of paracetamol tablets.Moreover, there is no adequate therapy for this type of poisoning.Should the advice of your leader be accepted and paracetamol become as readily available as aspirin is at present, a greatly increased incidence of paracetamol over- dosage is inevitable.We consider that the resulting mortality and morbidity would be greater than that from aspirin poisoning, and certainly would not warrant acceptance of the change you have so strongly advocated.-Weare, etc.,
P1-08-16: Benign Breast Disease (BBD) and Breast Cancer in African American Women.
Authors: RA Fehmi, M Cote, J Ruterbusch, B Alosh, S Bandyopadhyay, B Albashiti, MH Frost, LC Hartmann, DW Visscher
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract African American (AA) women have higher mortality rates from breast cancer (BrCa) and are diagnosed at younger ages than their Caucasian counterparts. Women who have had a benign breast biopsy are at increased risk of the disease, although less is known about the risk of BrCa associated with benign breast disease in AA women. We examined 1428 breast biopsies from AA women which occurred from 1997–2000 and assessed various pathologic markers including: apocrine metaplasia, ductal hyperplasia including atypia, evidence of cysts, duct ectasia, fibrosis, intra-ductal papilloma, sclerosing adenosis, columnar alteration, and involution (atrophy). These women were followed for later BrCa through the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System, part of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program through 2008. Women who developed BrCa were compared to those in the cohort who did not, and to other AA women with BrCa in the SEER registry. AA women in our study were also compared to Caucasian women in the Mayo Clinic cohort. Differences in variables were assessed by chi-squared tests and 95% confidence intervals. Of the 1428 biopsies, 52 (3.6%) subsequent incident breast cancers were reported in SEER. The mean age at diagnosis was 59, and the mean time from biopsy to BrCa diagnosis was 6.1 years. Individuals with atypical ductal hyperplasia at biopsy (n=37, 2.6%) were more likely to develop breast cancer (n=7, 13.5%, p&amp;lt;0.01). No other pathologic variables were associated with increased risk. Women in our cohort with breast cancer did not differ from AA in the SEER database with respect to age at diagnosis, stage at diagnosis, or receptor positivity. Compared to the Caucasian women in the Mayo Clinic BBD cohort, AA women in our study were younger at biopsy (p&amp;lt;0.01), but had similar percentages of involution and atypia (p=0.50 and 0.15, respectively). Our preliminary findings among a relatively small group of AA women with prior benign breast biopsies and incident breast cancers suggest that results from the Mayo Cohort study are likely to apply to AA populations. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-16.