tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Telephone Telemetry of Bioelectric Information
Authors: Irving M. Levine, Paul B. Jossmann, Bernard Tursky, Melvin Meister, Vincent DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Telephone telemetry of bioelectric signals was developed primarily as a physiological monitoring device for patients unable to come to the medical electronic laboratory. In addition, it provides patient and physician with immediate diagnostic and consultation facilities for the interpretation of bioelectric data without regard to distance. Any bioelectric signal may at this time be telemetered. Multiplexing devices, now under development, will facilitate the simultaneous telemetry of multiple bioelectric signals.
Plasma Glucose and Insulin Response to Macronutrients in Nondiabetic and NIDDM Subjects
Authors: Frank Q Nuttall, Mary C Gannon
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Information on the metabolic response in people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to ingested individual macronutrients is limited. Available information is reviewed herein. The major absorbed products of carbohydrate-containing foods are glucose, fructose, and galactose. The quantitative effect of these on the plasma glucose and insulin response is different for each. In addition, available data indicate that the glucose and particularly the insulin response is different from that in nondiabetic people. The quantitative effect of dietary proteins and fats on the circulating glucose and insulin concentrations in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects also has been reviewed. Neither has a significant effect on the glucose concentration. Protein stimulates insulin secretion, and this is relatively more prominent in people with NIDDM. A strong synergistic interaction with glucose on insulin secretion is present, but this is absent in nondiabetic people. Ingested fat does not independently stimulate insulin secretion. However, when ingested with carbohydrate, it may have a considerable effect on the plasma glucose and/or insulin response to that carbohydrate, and the responses are different in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects. This is probably not due to altered carbohydrate absorption. Intestinal hormones undoubtedly are playing a large role in the insulin secretory response in all of these studies, but this remains to be completely elucidated. Overall, the data indicate that the metabolic response to various foods determined in people with NIDDM may be different than that in nondiabetic people. In our opinion, much more information is required before dietary recommendations for NIDDM subjects can be made based on solid scientific data.
Automation on a General Medical Ward: Monitron System of Patient Monitoring
Authors: J. M. Rawles, G. S. Crockett
Journal: BMJ (1969)

In a study of the value of monitoring apparatus the temperature, pulse rate, and blood pressure were recorded automatically on 107 patients. Though the patients found the equipment tolerable, it is considered that the advantages to the patient were found to be too few to justify the purchase of this equipment for use on a general medical ward.
Retroperitoneal Bleeding in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Nachman Brautbar
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Retroperitoneal bleeding in hemodialysis patients has been rarely reported. The diagnosis of this entity in the nondialysis patient is difficult, and factors such as chronic anemia and hypotensive episodes during hemodialysis are adding difficulty to the early diagnosis and therapeutic approach. A patient receiving long-term hemodialysis anticoagulation therapy had retroperitoneal bleeding and died without having his condition diagnosed: the retroperitoneal bleeding was masked by other events occurring during hemodialysis. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1530-1531, 1978)
1021-102 Underachievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal in patients on statins in clinical practice: Are we using low doses of stains too often?
Authors: Alexandria J.M Braganza, Gemma Eminowicz, Sabina A Murphy, Peter M DiBattiste, Gregory C Flaker, Christopher P Cannon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Diseases of the Liver and Biliary Tract
Authors: Robert A. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The authors intend this book to be "streamlined to the needs of the clinician," as suggested in the preface. Indeed, at a time when texts of hepatology are becoming heavier and multivolumed, this concise overview of the clinical aspects is a refreshing newcomer for the busy clinician who interacts daily with the challenge of hepatobiliary disease. Although the book is divided into four sections, the major emphasis is on disorders of the liver rather than on pathophysiology (the last section). The first three sections are brief and crisp reviews of basic concepts, injury and repair, and evaluation of liver status. Since one of the three editors and four of the 29 contributors are surgeons, there is greater emphasis on surgical aspects than is found in some hepatology texts. This book differs from standard liver texts in being more concise, more practical, and more clinically oriented, with a minimum of pathophysiology.
miRNA Landscape in Stage I Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Defines the Histotype Specificities
Authors: Enrica Calura, Robert Fruscio, Lara Paracchini, Eliana Bignotti, Antonella Ravaggi, Paolo Martini, Gabriele Sales, Luca Beltrame, Luca Clivio, Lorenzo Ceppi, Mariacristina Di Marino, Ilaria Fuso Nerini, Laura Zanotti, Duccio Cavalieri, Giorgio Cattoretti, Patrizia Perego, Rodolfo Milani, Dionyssios Katsaros, Germana Tognon, Enrico Sartori, Sergio Pecorelli, Costantino Mangioni, Maurizio D'Incalci, Chiara Romualdi, Sergio Marchini
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic diseases, with survival rate virtually unchanged for the past 30 years. EOC comprises different histotypes with molecular and clinical heterogeneity, but up till now the present gold standard platinum-based treatment has been conducted without any patient stratification. The aim of the present study is to generate microRNA (miRNA) profiles characteristic of each stage I EOC histotype, to identify subtype-specific biomarkers to improve our understanding underlying the tumor mechanisms.A collection of 257 snap-frozen stage I EOC tumor biopsies was gathered together from three tumor tissue collections and stratified into independent training (n = 183) and validation sets (n = 74). Microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to generate and validate the histotype-specific markers. A novel dedicated resampling inferential strategy was developed and applied to identify the highest reproducible results. mRNA and miRNA profiles were integrated to identify novel regulatory circuits.Robust miRNA markers for clear cell and mucinous histotypes were found. Specifically, the clear cell histotype is characterized by a five-fold (log scale) higher expression of miR-30a and miR-30a*, whereas mucinous histotype has five-fold (log scale) higher levels of miR-192/194. Furthermore, a mucinous-specific regulatory loop involving miR-192/194 cluster and a differential regulation of E2F3 in clear cell histotype were identified.Our findings showed that stage I EOC histotypes have their own characteristic miRNA expression and specific regulatory circuits.
Spontaneous Periodic Hypothermia: Diencephalic Epilepsy
Authors: H. Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1973)

On Mount Kenya this year I witnessed high-altitude oedema presenting as coma.The patient, a 25-year-old European, had walked from 6,500 feet (1,980m) to 15,500 feet (4,724 m) altitude in a day and a half- he had proved to be the fittest member of the party.On the next day he developed headache and nausea, causing him to rest.He was rational till night.During that night he had loud but not alarming breathing.Next morning he was unrousable, with temperature of 38 5'C, tachycardia, tachypnoea, and frothy saliva.Cyanosis was not present at any stage of the illness.After first-aid treatment (parenteral digoxin, frusemide, chlorpromazine, and pencillin, with oxygen) he was evacuated by stretcher and helicopter.Chest x-ray showed pulmonary oedema.His fundi later showed retinal haemorrhages.C.S.F.pressure was high.After a week of treatment including positive-pressure venti- lation, diuretics, dexamethasone, and anti- biotics he recovered consciousness.A spastic quadriplegia gradually resolved, leading to complete recovery after about two months.The mechanism of the cerebral "oedema" is uncertain.It is clearly not just due to hypoxia.Cerebral arteriolar constriction (due to hypocarbia), with or without diffuse thrombosis or haemorrhage, must be a partial explanation.
Transient Pulmonary Infiltrates Associated With Warfarin
Authors: Naomi Kaplinsky
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We would like to report the following case. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 51-year-old patient was known to suffer from mitral stenosis from rheumatic heart disease since he was 20 years old. At the age of 28 years, he underwent closed commissurotomy in Turkey and felt well until 1968, when gradually, signs of congestive heart failure and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation developed. In 1972 a mitral valve replacement was performed. He has been treated with warfarin sodium, approximately 7.5 mg/day, ever since. After the operation his hemodynamic condition improved, and he was doing well except for atrial fibrillation complicated by a saddle embolus that was removed successfully in 1974. In August 1978 he was treated by his physician with oxyphenbutazone for lower back pain, without reducing the dose of warfarin, and four days later, he was hospitalized for hemoptysis and severe dyspnea. Physical examination on admission disclosed severe
Heart Rate Adjustment of Exercise-Induced ST-Segment Depression Identifies Men Who Benefit From a Risk Factor Reduction Program
Authors: Peter M. Okin, Ronald J. Prineas, Greg Grandits, Pentti M. Rautaharju, Jerome D. Cohen, Richard S. Crow, Paul Kligfield
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Whether subjects identified as being at increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) death by heart rate adjustment of exercise-induced ST-segment depression will benefit from therapy aimed at reducing risk factors has not been examined. Methods and Results Exercise ECGs were performed in 11 880 men from the Usual Care (UC) and Special Intervention (SI) groups of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. UC men were referred to customary sources of care in the community; SI men received counseling on smoking cessation and dietary reduction of cholesterol, and stepped-care therapy for hypertension. An abnormal ST-segment response to exercise was defined according to standard criteria as ≥100 μV of additional horizontal or downsloping ST-segment depression and by an ST-segment/heart rate (ST/HR) index &gt;1.60 μV/bpm. After 7 years of follow-up, CHD mortality was significantly lower in SI than UC men with an abnormal ST/HR index (2.4%, 19/786 versus 5.3%, 39/729, P =.005) but was comparable in SI and UC men with a normal ST/HR index (1.6%, 84/5154 versus 1.3%, 70/5211, P =NS). Risk reduction in SI men with an abnormal ST/HR index was independent of age and other cardiac risk factors. In contrast, there was no significant difference in CHD death rate between the smaller groups of SI and UC men with an abnormal test by standard criteria (3.6%, 7/192 versus 2.7%, 5/186, P =NS). Conclusions An abnormal ST/HR index identifies men in whom therapy aimed at reducing CHD risk factors reduces the risk of CHD death by 61%. These findings support the application of heart rate adjustment of ST depression for screening of asymptomatic subjects at increased risk of CHD to identify those who will benefit most from risk factor–reduction programs.
Chronic myeloid leukemia with minor-bcr breakpoint developed hybrid type of blast crisis
Authors: Tatsuharu Ohno, Shigefusa Hada, Tateo Sugiyama, Takashi Mizumoto, Hiroo Furukawa, Ken-ichi Nagai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Although a breakpoint in the minor breakpoint cluster region (m-bcr) of the BCR gene is observed in about two-thirds of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, this type of genomic rearrangement occurs very rarely in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We describe here the eighth case of m-bcr CML, and delineate unique clinical characteristics found in common to the 7 cases reported previously. Monocytosis with a low neutrophil/monocyte ratio resembling chronic myelomonocytic leukemia was the most striking feature of m-bcr CML. Splenomegaly and basophilia were not conspicuous in chronic phase. A high percentage of immature granulocytes and low neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score were the findings in common with classical CML. Lymphoid and myeloid blast changes have been observed at and shortly after presentation so far. We found a hybrid type of blast crisis in the course of m-bcr CML.Thus, m-bcr CML may be a definite subtype of CML, exhibiting distinct clinical characteristics. The presence of fusion product of m-bcr mRNA in an earlier myeloid cell may involve monocytic lineage in addition to myeloproliferative defects.
Clinical Laboratories
Authors: Rex B. Conn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

The clinical laboratory is an essential component of the medical-care system. Rapidly increasing expenditures for laboratory services, fraudulent practices and reports of laboratory error are precipitating legislative and regulatory actions that will affect clinical laboratories and how they are used by physicians in caring for their patients. Many problems related to clinical laboratories are due to the rapid introduction of new technologies, to methods of educating medical students and house officers, to the rapidly expanding scientific base of medicine and to economic factors that have subordinated medical and scientific objectives in the laboratory to economic ones. Implementation of existing legislation would settle many of the economic issues, but more effective integration of the clinical laboratory into the patient-care process and better methods for educating medical students in the use of laboratory information are critical tasks for the medical profession.
Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Young Patients With Type 1 Diabetes From Two Different Italian Cities
Authors: Dario Iafusco, Maurizio Vanelli, Maria Gugliotta, Brunella Iovane, Giovanni Chiari, Francesco Prisco
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The prevalence of eating disorders and behaviors was evaluated in two populations of adolescents with type 1 diabetes from two cities in Italy. In this report, we will establish the relationship of these disorders with sex, BMI, socioeconomic status, metabolic control, and compliance to therapy.

A total of 193 patients with type 1 diabetes aged 8–18 years (mean 13.6 ± 2.7 years; 92 female and 101 male subjects) were recruited from the pediatric diabetology units at the Second University of Naples ( n = 118, 56 female and 62 male subjects) and at the University of Parma ( n = 75, 36 female and 39 male subjects).

All patients were affected by type 1 diabetes without evidence or history of other autoimmune diseases (thyroiditis, celiac disease, etc.). The distribution of sex, age at the onset of diabetes, disease duration, and BMI was statistically similar in …
Delivery of rifampicin–PLGA microspheres into alveolar macrophages is promising for treatment of tuberculosis
Authors: Keiji Hirota, Taizo Hasegawa, Takehisa Nakajima, Hiroyuki Inagawa, Chie Kohchi, Gen-Ichiro Soma, Kimiko Makino, Hiroshi Terada
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Nicotine enhances expression of the neutrophil elastase gene and protein in a human myeloblast/promyelocyte cell line.
Authors: L W Armstrong, W N Rom, F T Martiniuk, D Hart, J Jagirdar, M Galdston
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The pathogenesis of emphysema is considered to be an imbalance of protease and antiprotease activity in the lower respiratory tract leading to uninhibited degradation of lung interstitium by elastolytic enzymes. An increased amount of the serine protease neutrophil elastase (NE) is though to play a major role in this degradation. Because the expression of NE is limited to neutrophil precursors in the bone marrow, we hypothesized that nicotine, which is readily absorbed from lung and distributed to tissue, including bone marrow, would increase expression of the NE gene and protein. HL-60 cells, a myeloblast/promyelocyte cell line, were cultured in the presence or absence of 0.06 and 0.8 microM nicotine for 5 d. Both concentrations of nicotine caused a 2.4- to 3.3-fold increase, respectively, in NE gene expression over unstimulated cells, and NE protein increased 4.8- to 3.4-fold over unstimulated cells, respectively, similar to our positive control DMSO. Nicotine did not induce upregulation of the NE gene by initiating cell differentiation. Both low and high nicotine concentrations upregulate the NE gene in HL-60 cells leading to increased NE protein concentration per cell suggesting a pathophysiologic mechanism for emphysema.
Is Cardiorespiratory Fitness a Unique Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor?
Authors: Lewis H. Kuller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)

The paper by Berry et al. ([1][1]) provides important data about benefit of fitness measurement. The key question is whether the association of fitness is unique to cardiovascular disease (CVD) or total mortality ([2–4][2]). Previous studies from the Cooper Clinic cohort suggest that “fitness
Internal consistency of reference equations
Authors: S. Verbanck, J. Vandevoorde, W. Vincken
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

To the Editors:

In a recent European Respiratory Journal paper addressing the choice of reference values for spirometric indices, mean z-scores were used to quantify deviation from a large collated data set or to establish the absence of secular trends in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) or forced vital capacity (FVC) [1]. Yet, once an appropriate set of reference equations is selected for use in any given laboratory, it is equally important to assess whether these equations are internally consistent, e.g. , in terms of age dependency of the various parameters under study. When consulting the most recent standardisation documents for guidance on the choice of reference equations [2, 3] the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) Task Force literally states “currently this committee does not recommend any specific set of equations for use in Europe”. Due to our laboratory’s particular geographical location, we have thus far felt compelled to apply the European …
Anticoagulants in the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the bronchus.
Authors: C F Stanford
Journal: Thorax (1979)

The object of this study was to see if the addition of anticoagulants to a regimen of cytotoxic drugs would improve the prognosis in patients with small cell carcinoma of the bronchus. Twenty-four patients were randomly allocated to receive chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus anticoagulants. The median survival in the group receiving the anticoagulants was not improved.
Characterization of dendritic cells from human oral mucosa: A new Langerhans' cell type with high constitutive FcϵRI expression
Authors: Jean-Pierre Allam, Natalija Novak, Christian Fuchs, Sylvia Asen, Stefaan Bergé, Thorsten Appel, Elisabeth Geiger, Jarema P. Kochan, Thomas Bieber
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
P300 The Clinical Effectiveness Of Domiciliary Non-invasive Ventilation (niv) In Patients With End-stage Copd
Authors: J. Dretzke, C. Dave, D. Blissett, R. Mukherjee, M. Price, S. Bayliss, X. Wu, R. Jordan, S. Jowett, D. Moore, A. Turner
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> NIV is very effective when used acutely in hospital during acute exacerbations of COPD, however, evidence supporting its use in a home setting for more stable COPD patients is limited. In the UK domiciliary NIV is considered by many clinicians on health economic grounds in patients after three hospital admissions for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Previous systematic reviews of domiciliary NIV have been limited in scope and required updating. <h3>Methods</h3> Standard systematic review methods were used for identifying relevant clinical and cost-effectiveness studies of any appropriate design assessing NIV compared to usual care, or comparing different types of NIV. Risk of bias was assessed and checked. Primary effectiveness outcomes (mortality, hospitalisations, exacerbations and quality-of-life) were combined using random effects meta-analysis. Results were grouped into patients given NIV within 6 weeks of a hospital admission requiring inpatient NIV and those given NIV when stable. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty controlled effectiveness studies were identified reporting a variety of outcomes, together with 65 uncontrolled studies. Benefit from NIV in terms of survival and hospital admissions in controlled studies was variable, and where present appeared most marked in post-hospital patients (based on limited evidence). For more stable patients, a modest volume of evidence found no benefit from NIV for survival and some non-significant beneficial trends for hospitalisations and quality-of life. No conclusions could be drawn regarding potential benefit from different types of NIV due to limited study sizes and heterogeneity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Domiciliary NIV has greatest effect when used after a hypercapnic exacerbation and might improve hospitalisation rates and mortality in this group of patients. There is no benefit if used in stable, normocapnic patients. This abstract summarises independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its HTA Programme (Ref 11/27/01). The views expressed are those of the author (s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health.