tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Symposium on Tendon Surgery in the Hand
Authors: Kingsbury G. Heiple
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This relatively short volume consists of 29 papers presented at a postgraduate course of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in Philadelphia. With medical books now running 10 cents per page, considerable selectivity is in order if bibliographic penury is to be avoided! Fortunately, this volume contains considerable merit for both the beginning and the advanced hand surgeon. The specificity of the topics discussed is the strongest feature of the presentation. Most texts covering hand surgery do so in such general fashion that answers to specific questions regarding indications in specific circumstances are seldom to be found. Although the 42 authors vary widely in their approach, at least half of the presentations are clearly worthwhile. Particularly worthwhile are discussions of tendon suturing methods, the anatomy and reconstruction of flexor tendon pulleys, repair of flexor tendons within the various specific zones of the digit (papers 11,12, and 13), the indications for
Effects of antimicrobial therapy on faecal bulking.
Authors: A V Kurpad, P S Shetty
Journal: Gut (1986)

It has recently been postulated that dietary fibre acts as a substrate for colonic flora, and that the resultant microbial growth bulks the faeces. Antimicrobial therapy was used in this study to assess the effect of reduction in colonic microbial proliferation on faecal output in human subjects on a constant dietary fibre intake. Six healthy young male subjects were maintained on constant daily diets and metronidazole (1 g/day) and ampicillin (1 g/day) were administered in divided doses for one week after an initial baseline study period of two weeks. After antimicrobial therapy, mean faecal weights rose from 176.0 +/- 27.0 g to 348.1 +/- 37.7 g/day. Faecal solids increased from 32.9 +/- 4.2 g to 46.1 +/- 5.8 g/day. Faecal neutral detergent fibre increased from 1.92 +/- 0.42 g to 15.19 +/- 2.58 g/day. The mean transit times and mean daily faecal nitrogen remained the same, both before and after treatment. Substantial breakdown of dietary fibre occurs in the human colon which may decrease faecal bulk, suggesting that water holding by dietary fibre is probably of greater importance for faecal bulking.
S-nitrosylation: integrator of cardiovascular performance and oxygen delivery
Authors: Saptarsi M. Haldar, Jonathan S. Stamler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Delivery of oxygen to tissues is the primary function of the cardiovascular system. NO, a gasotransmitter that signals predominantly through protein S-nitrosylation to form S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) in target proteins, operates coordinately with oxygen in mammalian cellular systems. From this perspective, SNO-based signaling may have evolved as a major transducer of the cellular oxygen-sensing machinery that underlies global cardiovascular function. Here we review mechanisms that regulate S-nitrosylation in the context of its essential role in "systems-level" control of oxygen sensing, delivery, and utilization in the cardiovascular system, and we highlight examples of aberrant S-nitrosylation that may lead to altered oxygen homeostasis in cardiovascular diseases. Thus, through a bird's-eye view of S-nitrosylation in the cardiovascular system, we provide a conceptual framework that may be broadly applicable to the functioning of other cellular systems and physiological processes and that illuminates new therapeutic promise in cardiovascular medicine.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF INFARCTION OF THE ENTIRE SPLEEN
Authors: FRANK NUZUM
Journal: JAMA (1918)

increased consistency and diminished sensitiveness of one or both testicles, to indurative atrophy of the base of the tongue, leukoplakia and the like, and scarring and deflection of the epiglottis, to scars of the pharyngeal vault, to perforation of the nasal sep¬ tum, to the presumptively syphilitic nature of aortic régurgitation, to the ophthalmoscopic signs of chorio- retinitis pigmentosa, and similar discoverable signs of syphilis, any one or any combination of which, as the case may be, is less apt to lead one astray than the results of a Wassermann reaction.These and like signs were sought by the clinicians of the generation that passed with Delafield and the elder Janeway ; but the generation that holds the responsibility of the future is being inculcated with an almost reverential, respect for artificial methods that neither clinician nor pathologist can explain or control.CONCLUSIONS
Inhibition of procoagulant activity of human monocytes by chenodeoxycholic acid: Involvement of protein kinase C
Authors: Philippe Podevin, Yvon Calmus, Annie Robert, Raoul Poupon, Gisele Cherqui
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Endogenous bile acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid have been shown to display a suppressive effect in vitro on mononuclear cell activation. We investigated the signal transduction pathway involved in the effect of chenodeoxycholic acid on monocyte procoagulant activity, a model of monocyte activation. Chenodeoxycholic acid (25 to 250 mumol/L) had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on procoagulant activity expressed by endotoxin-stimulated mononuclear cells, with half-maximal and maximal inhibition occurring at concentrations of 100 and 250 mumol/L, respectively. The inhibitory effect of chenodeoxycholic acid was (a) closely mimicked by 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, but not by forskolin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, two activators of the protein kinase A-dependent pathway; (b) prevented by staurosporine, a potent protein kinase C inhibitor; (c) partially abolished in protein kinase C-depleted cells; and (d) observed in conditions under which chenodeoxycholic acid, like PMA, significantly increased (41%) protein kinase C activity, as assessed by phosphorylation of exogenous (histone III-S) and endogenous (37-kD protein) substrates. In conclusion, our results (a) provide clear evidence of a marked inhibitory effect of chenodeoxycholic acid on monocyte activation, suggesting a potential role of primary endogenous bile acids in the immune defect associated with cholestasis; and (b) indicate that the inhibition of monocyte activation by chenodeoxycholic acid is mediated by way of protein kinase C activation.
OVERT BEHAVIOR PATTERN IN CORONARY DISEASE
Authors: Meyer Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A psychophysiological test was developed to detect a specific behavior pattern previously found to be associated with a high incidence of clinical coronary artery disease. This test consisted of the polygraph recording of various physiological reactions of subjects listening to a specially designed tape recording of two monologues. The test appeared to differentiate the patient with clinical coronary artery disease from the normal subject. It is suggested that tests of this sort, designed for mass application, would help to identify persons with the type of personality that predisposes to high serum cholesterol levels, faster clotting times, arcus senilis, and coronary heart disease.
Antigen stored in dendritic cells after macropinocytosis is released unprocessed from late endosomes to target B cells
Authors: Delphine Le Roux, Agnès Le Bon, Audrey Dumas, Kahina Taleb, Martin Sachse, Romain Sikora, Marion Julithe, Alexandre Benmerah, Georges Bismuth, Florence Niedergang
Journal: Blood (2011)
General Medical Council objects to overarching regulatory body
Authors: Andrew Moscrop
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The General Medical Council, which regulates the UK medical profession, has objected to government proposals for an overarching body, which would be responsible for all the bodies that now regulate the health professionals.

The council published its objections to the government's proposals for a council of health regulators in a memo to the Department of Health last week. Among its criticisms, it objects to …
Future developments in total Barrett’s eradication: the surgeon's view
Authors: T. Watson, J. Peters
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Endoscopic therapies for the treatment of complicated Barret's esophagus should be embraced by the surgical communitiy. While esophagectomy remains the standard of care for early esophageal neoplasia in many centers, endoscopic techniques are being increasingly utilizid. As refinements in both endoscopic and surgical approaches continue to evolve, accurate and contempary assessments of outcomes are critical in assuring that each is applied in appropriate circumstances.
844 RESISTANCE EXERCISE IMPROVES LIVER LIPID, FAT OXIDATION AND GLUCOSE CONTROL IN ADULTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE INDEPENDENT OF WEIGHT LOSS
Authors: K. Hallsworth, G. Fattakhova, K. Hollingsworth, C. Thoma, S. Moore, R. Taylor, C.P. Day, M.I. Trenell
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Gastric cancer: a curable disease in Britain.
Authors: H M Sue-Ling, D Johnston, I G Martin, M F Dixon, M R Lansdown, M J McMahon, A T Axon
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To determine whether more vigorous efforts aimed at earlier diagnosis allied to radical surgical resection lead to improved survival of patients with gastric cancer.Prospective audit of all cases of gastric cancer treated during 1970-89.Department of surgery, general hospital.493 consecutive patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.Operative mortality, postoperative morbidity, and five year survival after radical potentially curative resection.207 (42%) patients underwent potentially curative resection. The proportion of all patients in whom this was possible increased significantly (p < 0.01) from 31% in the first five year period to 53% in the last five year period. The proportion of patients who had early gastric cancer rose from 1% to 15% (p < 0.01) and stage I disease rose from 4% to 26% (p < 0.001). After potentially curative resection, mortality 30 days after operation was 6%. Operative mortality decreased from 9% in the 1970s to 5% in the 1980s. Likewise, the incidence of serious postoperative complications decreased from 33% in the 1970s to 17% in the 1980s (p < 0.01). Five year survival was 60% in patients who underwent curative resection, 98% in patients with early gastric cancer, and 93%, 69%, and 28% in stage I, II, and III disease respectively. By the late 1980s five year survival after operation was about 70%.These findings suggest that an increasing proportion of patients with gastric cancer could be diagnosed at a relatively early pathological stage when about two thirds are curable by means of radical surgery.
Tubo-ovarian Abscess
Authors: SOPHIE LANTSBERG, IRINA RACHINSKY, LUDMILA BOGUSLAVSKY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Tc-99m hexamethylpropylene amineoxime (HMPAO) leukocytes are used widely to localize inflammatory foci and abscesses. However, the use of radiolabeled leukocytes to detect a tubo-ovarian abscess has not been reported. The authors describe two cases of tubo-ovarian abscess successfully imaged using this technique in obese women with a clinical history of prolonged fever and abdominal pain. Labeled leukocyte scintigraphy with Tc-99m HMPAO is a noninvasive, physiologic procedure with excellent imaging quality that is complementary but not competitive with anatomic imaging techniques such as US and CT. This scan is recommended as one of the steps for rapid accurate diagnosis of gynecologic pyogenic infection. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: A 39-year-old woman had a 2-week history of fever (38° to 39°C), abdominal pain, and a left tubo-ovarian mass. A transvaginal US revealed a large solid (69×72 mm), hypoechogenic mass.FIGURE 2Fig. 2: Three hours after injection of 15 mCi Tc-99m HMPAO WBC, a scan was performed. This procedure was used as one of the primary diagnostic tools. The scan showed two semi–ring-shaped areas of moderately increased accumulation of leukocytes attached to one another in the center of the pelvis. A pelvic abscess was diagnosed. The patient was taken to the operating room, where a large septated tubo-ovarian abscess was found. Approximately 250 ml viscous pus was aspirated from two abscess cavities (100 and 150 ml). Escherichia coli was grown from the specimen. Tc-99m HMPAO leukocytes are used widely to localize inflammatory foci and abscesses (1–4). However, a MEDLINE search of the available literature yielded only two reports of a tubo-ovarian abscess diagnosed by incidental scanning for acute appendicitis using WBC (5,6).FIGURE 3Fig. 3: Twenty-four hours after injection of 10 mCi Tc-99m HMPAO WBC, a scan was performed. A 50-year-old obese woman with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension was examined for fever, abdominal pain, and vaginal discharge. A gynecologic examination suggested a left tubo-ovarian mass. Tc-99m HMPAO WBC scintigraphy, performed to confirm the possible presence of a tubo-ovarian abscess, revealed pathologic uptake on the left side of the pelvis with a round photopenic area in the center of the mass. A tubo-ovarian abscess was confirmed by US.FIGURE 4Fig. 4: A transabdominal US of the pelvis shows a large hypoechogenic mass near the bladder with septation. Doppler scanning showed increased flow in the periphery of this mass.FIGURE 5Fig. 5: CT at the level of the upper pelvis shows a large soft tissue mass with areas of low density (necrosis). Under CT control, 350 ml pus was aspirated. B. Fragilis was grown from the specimen.
PELP1 Overexpression in the Mouse Mammary Gland Results in the Development of Hyperplasia and Carcinoma
Authors: Valerie Cortez, Cathy Samayoa, Andrea Zamora, Lizatte Martinez, Rajeshwar R. Tekmal, Ratna K. Vadlamudi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Estrogen receptor (ER) coregulator overexpression promotes carcinogenesis and/or progression of endocrine related-cancers in which steroid hormones are powerful mitogenic agents. Recent studies in our laboratory, as well as others, demonstrated that the estrogen receptor coregulator PELP1 is a proto-oncogene. PELP1 interactions with histone demethylase KDM1 play a critical role in its oncogenic functions and PELP1 is a prognostic indicator of decreased survival in patients with breast cancer. However, the in vivo significance of PELP1 deregulation during initiation and progression of breast cancer remains unknown. We generated an inducible, mammary gland-specific PELP1-expressing transgenic (Tg) mouse (MMTVrtTA-TetOPELP1). We found more proliferation, extensive side branching, and precocious differentiation in PELP1-overexpressing mammary glands than in control glands. Aged MMTVrtTA-TetOPELP1 Tg mice had hyperplasia and preneoplastic changes as early as 12 weeks, and ER-positive mammary tumors occurred at a latency of 14 to 16 months. Mechanistic studies revealed that PELP1 deregulation altered expression of a number of known ER target genes involved in cellular proliferation (cyclin D1, CDKs) and morphogenesis (EGFR, MMPs) and such changes facilitated altered mammary gland morphogenesis and tumor progression. Furthermore, PELP1 was hyper-phosphorylated at its CDK phosphorylation site, suggesting an autocrine loop involving the CDK–cyclin D1–PELP1 axis in promoting mammary tumorigenesis. Treatment of PELP1 Tg mice with a KDM1 inhibitor significantly reduced PELP1-driven hyperbranching, reversed alterations in cyclin D1 expression levels, and reduced CDK-driven PELP1 phosphorylation. These results further support the hypothesis that PELP1 deregulation has the potential to promote breast tumorigenesis in vivo and represent a novel model for future investigation into molecular mechanisms of PELP1-mediated tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7395–405. ©2014 AACR.
Fighting the War on Breast Cancer
Authors: Barron H. Lerner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters2 February 1999Fighting the War on Breast CancerBarron H. Lerner, MD, PhDBarron H. Lerner, MD, PhDColumbia College of Physicians & Surgeons; New York, NY 10032Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-3-199902020-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Whether or not one agrees with Ms. Napoli's critical assessment of medical organizations that have ardently promoted mammography, her letter underscores my point about the importance of language. For example, it is no surprise that the Breast Cancer Detection and Demonstration Project (BCDDP) was conceived shortly after Richard Nixon declared “war” on breast and other cancers in 1971. Nixon's use of a military metaphor reflected U.S. society's urgent desire to solve the problem of cancer. In turn, characterizing mammography as a “weapon” that could successfully “attack” breast cancer contributed to the marked enthusiasm with which BCDDP organizers advocated ...References1. Courage vs. cancer. New York Times. 18 October 1974:40. Google Scholar2. Brody JE. Drive is planned on breast cancer. New York Times. 7 November 1971:51. Google Scholar3. Altman R. Waking Up, Fighting Back: The Politics of Breast Cancer. Boston: Little, Brown; 1996. Google Scholar4. Guthrie P. Medicine cornering a killer? “Absolutely convincing proof”: researchers say chemoprevention is the long-awaited breast cancer weapon. Atlanta Journal and Atlanta Constitution. 24 May 1998: C7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Barron H. Lerner, MD, PhDAffiliations: Columbia College of Physicians & Surgeons; New York, NY 10032 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoFighting the War on Breast Cancer: Debates over Early Detection, 1945 to the Present Barron H. Lerner Fighting the War on Breast Cancer Maryann Napoli Metrics 2 February 1999Volume 130, Issue 3Page: 243-244KeywordsArmed forcesBreast cancerFearMammographyMotivation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 2 February 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hydrogen Peroxide Induces Intracellular Calcium Oscillations in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Qinghua Hu, Stefano Corda, Jay L. Zweier, Maurizio C. Capogrossi, Roy C. Ziegelstein
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Because the vascular endothelium is exposed to oxidant stress resulting from ischemia/reperfusion and from the products of polymorphonuclear leukocytes or monocytes, studies were performed to examine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (1 μmol/L to 10 mmol/L) on endothelial Ca 2+ signaling. Methods and Results —At low concentrations (1 to 10 μmol/L), hydrogen peroxide did not affect intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in subconfluent, indo 1–loaded human aortic endothelial monolayers. At a concentration of 100 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide, intracellular free Ca 2+ gradually increased from 125.3±6.8 to 286.3±19.9 nmol/L over 4.2±0.9 minutes before repetitive Ca 2+ oscillations were observed, consisting of an initial large, transient spike of ≈1 μmol/L followed by several spikes of decreasing amplitudes at a frequency of 0.7±0.1 min −1 over 12.0±1.1 minutes. After these oscillations, intracellular Ca 2+ reached a plateau of 543.4±64.0 nmol/L, which was maintained above baseline levels for &gt;5 minutes and then partially reversible on washout of hydrogen peroxide in most monolayers. Intracellular Ca 2+ oscillations were typically observed when monolayers were exposed to 100 to 500 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide. Higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (1 and 10 mmol/L) increased intracellular Ca 2+ but only rarely (2 of 6 monolayers at 1 mmol/L) or never (at 10 mmol/L) stimulated intracellular Ca 2+ oscillations. Removal of Ca 2+ from the buffer either before hydrogen peroxide stimulation or during an established response did not block intracellular Ca 2+ oscillations in response to 100 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide, but prior depletion of an intracellular Ca 2+ store with either caffeine, histamine, or thapsigargin abolished Ca 2+ oscillations. Conclusions —Hydrogen peroxide induces concentration-dependent intracellular Ca 2+ oscillations in human endothelial cells, which results from release of an endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ store. Because oxidant production appears to occur in the micromolar range in the postischemic/anoxic endothelium and is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation, the effects of micromolar concentrations of hydrogen peroxide on endothelial Ca 2+ signaling described in the present study may be important in the pathogenesis of postischemic endothelial dysfunction.
Health Care in Israel
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

On March 2, 1983, the Israel Medical Association, which is the trade union and professional society for the nation's approximately 8500 physicians, commenced what it termed a "strike" against virtually all the country's civilian clinics and hospitals. Money and hours were the central issues, with the doctors complaining of extremely long work schedules for relatively low pay, while the government insisted that its anti-inflationary 22 per cent ceiling on wage increases must not be breached.For several reasons, the strike initially attracted little interest. First of all, apart from the fact that the politically divisive Lebanese invasion was dominating public . . .
SPONTANEOUS IDIOPATHIC BILATERAL ADRENAL APOPLEXY ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Ralph C. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Although bilateral adrenal hemorrhage has been commonly found at the postmortem examination of a person who died suddenly, it has been associated with meningococcemia or other sepsis,<sup>1</sup>pregnancy,<sup>2</sup>the neonatal state,<sup>3</sup>heparin therapy,<sup>4</sup>or leukemia.<sup>5</sup>Standard textbooks refer only to these primary causes.<sup>6</sup>Unilateral adrenal apoplexy complicating hypertension is also rare but several cases were reported in 1945 by Edelman.<sup>7</sup>In 1947, McMillan<sup>8</sup>presented the case of a 60-year-old-white man who was hospitalized because of severe epigastric pain and a blood pressure of 210/110 mm. Hg. The day after his admission, the patient's blood pressure suddenly fell to 96/50, with a weak and irregular pulse, and a high temperature developed. On the third day, the blood pressure dropped to 52/32, and the patient died. Autopsy revealed massive hemorrhage of both adrenal glands and a heart that weighed 500 gm. The arterioles of
Materials for Diabetes Therapeutics
Authors: Kaitlin M. Bratlie, Roger L. York, Michael A. Invernale, Robert Langer, Daniel G. Anderson
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract This review is focused on the materials and methods used to fabricate closed‐loop systems for type 1 diabetes therapy. Herein, we give a brief overview of current methods used for patient care and discuss two types of possible treatments and the materials used for these therapies–(i) artificial pancreases , comprised of insulin producing cells embedded in a polymeric biomaterial, and (ii) totally synthetic pancreases formulated by integrating continuous glucose monitors with controlled insulin release through degradable polymers and glucose‐responsive polymer systems. Both the artificial and the completely synthetic pancreas have two major design requirements: the device must be both biocompatible and be permeable to small molecules and proteins, such as insulin. Several polymers and fabrication methods of artificial pancreases are discussed: microencapsulation, conformal coatings, and planar sheets. We also review the two components of a completely synthetic pancreas. Several types of glucose sensing systems (including materials used for electrochemical, optical, and chemical sensing platforms) are discussed, in addition to various polymer‐based release systems (including ethylene‐vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, and phenylboronic acid containing hydrogels).