tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of physical inactivity on cognitive function in adults with obstructive lung disease (OLD)
Authors: Patricia Katz, Laura Julian, Jonathan Singer, Theodore A. Omachi, Steve Gregorich, John Balmes, Paul D. Blanc
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  OLD may increase risk of cognitive deficits.   Objective:  Examine the role of physical inactivity in cognitive impairment (CI).   Methods:  Members of a population-based cohort with self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis (n=140; 63% female, mean age 67 yrs, 19% current smokers) completed baseline (T1) and 2-year follow-up (T2) in-person assessments that included spirometry; completion of the CHAMPS Questionnaire to estimate energy expenditure in vigorous/moderate intensity activities (M/V) and overall; and a 10-test cognitive function battery. We defined physical inactivity as no expenditure in M/V activities. We transformed cognitive test scores to age-adjusted z-scores and defined CI as z-scores ≤-1.5 on ≥33% of cognitive tests. Logistic regression tested relationships between physical inactivity and CI at both T1 and T2, controlling for sex, education, smoking, comorbid conditions, low O2 saturation, depressive symptoms, and FEV1% predicted.   Results:  At T1, 31% were physically inactive. CI was more frequent among inactive subjects (27% vs. 12%; adjusting for covariates: OR=9.8 [95% CI 1.8, 53.1]). Adjusting for covariates plus T1 CI, inactive subjects were more likely to be cognitively impaired at T2 (OR=4.4 [1.2, 15.8]). Among 120 subjects not impaired at T1, inactive subjects were more likely to develop CI at T2 (26% vs. 15%; OR=6.0 [1.5, 24.1]).   Conclusion:  Physical inactivity is a significant risk factor for presence and incidence of cognitive impairment among adults with OLD.  Clinical relevance: In OLD, participation in a program of even moderate physical activity may offer protection from cognitive impairment.  Support: NIH R01 HL067438
Accessory Cell Function in Tumor-Bearing Mice and Effects of &lt;italic&gt;Corynebacterium parvum&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Seiya Okuda, Kazuto Taniguchi, Chiharu Kubo, Kikuo Nomoto
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Primary in vivo production of antibody to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was consistently suppressed in EL 4 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice, but the secondary response was not suppressed. This suppressed primary in vivo production of antibody was partially restored by systemic administration of Corynebacterium parvum. For investigation of the mechanism of the immunosuppression in tumorbearing mice and the effects of C. parvum, the accessory cell function of adherent cells from tumor-bearing mice and C. parvum-treated tumor-bearing mice in in vitro cultures was studied. Peritoneal and splenic cells from tumor-bearing mice were less efficient in promoting in vitro production of antibody to SRBC by macrophage-depleted normal nonadherent cells than the adherent cells from normal mice. C. parvum treatment restored the accessory cell function of splenic adherent cells from tumor-bearing mice but not that of peritoneal cells. Furthermore, adherent cells from tumor-bearing mice did not show suppressive activity against the in vitro plaque-forming cell response.
The Struck-off Mystery
Authors: Neena Buntwal, Jonathan Hare, Michael King
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1999)

Observations on ward rounds suggested that psychiatric patients might be at special risk of removal from their general practitioner's list. Little has been published on why patients are struck off and our first attempt at investigation was by direct appeals for patients. This drew a small and unsatisfactory sample. We then asked two family health services authorities to distribute questionnaires to struck-off patients. One agreed, but later withdrew cooperation. There is a danger that struck-off patients will become an underclass excluded from primary care. We propose anonymous collection of information by health authorities, so that policy can be reviewed if necessary.
Spirometry quality in patients with COPD
Authors: Lalita Fernandes, Anthony Mesquita
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background and significance:  Many spirometries are performed on sick and elderly COPD patients. There is a general perception that it is difficult for such patients to perform spirometries. The 2005 ATS/ERS guidelines on spirometry recommends a repeatability of 150ml for FEV1 and FVC and 100ml if FVC is    Methods:  Spirometry was performed by 156 patients of COPD. Spirometry was conducted to obtain atleast 3 acceptable flow volume loops using spirometers meeting ATS/ERS standards. 131 patients with acceptable spirometry were evaluated for repeatability criteria and 40 COPD patients were evaluated for within individual repeatability criteria.   Results:  Of the 156 patients of COPD, 131 (83.9%) had acceptable spirograms. 92% were males, mean (SD) age = 64 (7.8), mean (SD) FEV1% = 45.7 (14.76). 0.8% had mild COPD, 35.9% had moderate COPD, 49.6% had severe COPD and 13.7% had very severe COPD.  We also analysed 963 spirometries done by 40 COPD patients and found that within individual repeatability for FEV1 and FVC is 26 and 64 ml respectively.   Conclusions:  COPD patients despite severe disease condition can perform spirometries to meet ATS/ERS criteria for repeatability.   Reference:   1MR Miller et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J 2005;26:319-338.
Abstract 16311: Impact of Telemedicine System on Blood Pressure Control in an Urban Medically Underserved Population
Authors: Natasha L Fonseka, William P Santamore, Mohammed A Kashem, Carol J Homko, Alfred A Bove
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Hypertension (HTN) affects more than 65 million people in the US with African Americans disproportionately affected. Telemedicine communication may improve blood pressure (BP) outcomes ...
Topical use of tacrolimus and squamous cell carcinoma on the penis
Authors: T. Langeland, V. Engh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Topical use of tacrolimus and squamous cell carcinoma on the penis Get access T. Langeland, T. Langeland Dr Tor Langeland's Dermatological Clinic, Fridtjof Nansens plass 6, 0160 Oslo, and Department of Pathology, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway E‐mail: torl@online.no Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Engh V. Engh Dr Tor Langeland's Dermatological Clinic, Fridtjof Nansens plass 6, 0160 Oslo, and Department of Pathology, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway E‐mail: torl@online.no Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 1, 1 January 2005, Pages 183–185, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06315.x Published: 01 January 2005
Use of inhaled ampicillin–sulbactam against multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii in bronchial secretions of intensive care unit patients
Authors: M. Horianopoulou, M. Kanellopoulou, I. Paraskevopoulos, A. Kyriakidis, N.J. Legakis, S. Lambropoulos
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2004)
Xylitol affects production of virulence factors and biofilm in pseudomonas aeruginosa; effects on respiratory epithelium inflammation. "In vitro" studies
Authors: Eleonora Mengoni, Andrea Dugour, Adrian Vojnov, Juan Figueroa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: airways infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is the greatest source of morbimortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Xylitol (Xy) is a natural sugar which interacts with PA.  Objetives: to evaluate the action of Xy on PA expression of virulence factors and Quorum Sensing and to evaluate the effect of this treatment on proinflammatory activity of PA in respiratory epithelial cells.  Methods: PA was grown without or with Xy and tobramycin (Tb) at subinhibitory concentrations. Biofilm (violet crystal), pyocyanin, proteases and elastases were determined in supernatant. PA motility was studied in agar plates. The effect of Xy on acyl-homoserin lactones (AHLs) production was evaluated with biosensor strain and plasmids. The inflammatory potential of PA cultures was evaluated quantifying the liberation of IL-8 in airways cell cultures (Calu-3) exposed to the supernatants.  Results: Xy increased Tb effect (EC50(μg/ml: Tb 2.6 vs Xy 1.9). Biofilm was reduced 60%. Pyocyanin, proteases and elastases diminished. Swarming and twitching were inhibited. The expression of AHLs and its promoters lasI and rhlI, was down regulated. The liberation of IL-8 by cells exposed to supernatants of PA cultured with Xy is lower than the liberation of IL-8 by cells exposed to supernatants of PA cultured without Xy (17ng/ml vs 30ng/ml).  Conclusions: Xy could decrease virulence and pathogenecity of PA.
Differences between age related clinical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
Authors: Ramona Nedelcu, Oana Claudia Deleanu, Diana Pocora, Andra Malaut, Ileana Rohan, Anca Macri, Roxana Nemes, Ruxandra Ulmeanu, Florin-Dumitru Mihaltan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aims:  This study aimed to compare clinical features, predisposing factors and imagistical findings of pulmonary TB in elderly and young adults and to determine any existing difference between the two groups.   Methods:  A total of 179 patients diagnosed with TB were divided into two groups: younger ( 65yrs). Mean characteristics (gender, smoking, TB forms, lesion extension and type, symptoms, comorbidities, side effects) were analyzed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software (chi-square test and student9s t-test)   Results:  There were 102 young adults (mean age 38.97±12.45yrs; 60 men, 42 women) and 77 elderly patients (mean age 73.58±6.42yrs; 50 men, 27 women) with TB. The elderly patients were smokers (61% vs 45% P   Conclusions:  In Romania, TB is more frequent in younger people, although older subjects represent a population at high risk to develop sever forms. Diagnosis in elderly patients can be challenging, since they may not display classic signs and symptoms.
Prevalence and risk factors for atopic dermatitis in preschool children
Authors: D.G. Peroni, G.L. Piacentini, A. Bodini, E. Rigotti, R. Pigozzi, A.L. Boner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common condition in infancy which usually disappears by 3 years of age in a significant proportion of children. The prognosis is mostly determined by severity and presence of atopic sensitization. Objectives To investigate prevalence of AD, comorbidities and risk factors in a population of preschool children aged 3–5 years. Methods Children in kindergartens were evaluated. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood written questionnaire (WQ) was used, with additional questions on risk factors. Atopy was investigated by skin prick tests. Results One thousand, four hundred and two valid WQs (92% response rate) were returned for evaluation. The prevalence of AD symptoms in the last 12 months in the whole population was 18·1% (254 cases). Seventy-two per cent of these children presented AD-specific localizations. The prevalence of eczema as a doctor's diagnosis in the total population was 15·4%. Positive atopic sensitization was present in 18·6% of the total and in 32·2% of the AD study population, respectively. Multiple sensitivities were observed in 58·2% of sensitized children. The prevalence of sensitization demonstrated that the most common sensitizing allergens in children with AD were mites and grass pollen. Rhinitis symptoms and wheezing were present in 32·2% and 24·2%, respectively, of children with AD. Allergic sensitization to egg, cat, grass pollen and mites, as well as the presence of symptoms of rhinitis, and a positive family history of atopy were all significant risk factors for AD. Conclusions The study demonstrates a high prevalence of AD and a close relationship with rhinitis symptoms. Significant risk factors for AD were sensitization to food or inhalant allergens as well as parental history of atopy.
Median survival in unselected patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the United Kingdom
Authors: Wasim Jamal, Charlotte Wottons, Ghazi Mirani, Noeleen Foley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction and Objectives:  The median survival of patients with UIP/IPF is reported in several series as 3 years. Anecdotally, many respiratory physicians have patients who remain stable for many years. We examined median survival and cause of death in our patients diagnosed with IPF in the year 2006 and 2007 attending a large general hospital in the UK.  Methods:  Twenty patients were selected by retrospective data collection from our ILD clinic records; diagnosis was established on HRCT and confirmed by consultant radiologist and pulmonologist with special interest and expertise in interstitial lung disease. Patient functional status, pulmonary function at diagnosis and follow up, treatment; and cause of death from death certificates were recorded.  Results:  Median survival was 27.1 months (range 1.8-76.2, SD 24.3). FVC at Diagnosis: Mean 81% (range 43-120%, SD 22.8). FVC at diagnosis was predictive of survival.  Pulmonary fibrosis was listed as primary (29%) or secondary (35%) cause of death in 64%. Other causes are listed in  Conclusion:  Median survival in our unselected population was 27.1 months. IPF was the leading cause of death. FVC at diagnosis was predictive of survival. Patients on omeprazole had better median survival.
N-acetylcysteine potentiates surfactant therapy for experimental meconium aspiration syndrome
Authors: Jana Kopincova, Pavol Mikolka, Daniela Mokra, Andrea Calkovska
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is meconium-induced respiratory failure of newborns associated with activation of inflammatory and oxidative pathways. One of the most effective therapies for severe MAS is exogenous surfactant administration which improves respiratory functions but does not treat the inflammation. Oxidative process can lead to later surfactant inactivation; hence, surfactant combination with antioxidative agent may improve the benefit of therapy. Young New Zealand rabbits were instilled by meconium suspension and treated by surfactant alone, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) alone or by their combination and ventilated for 5 hours. Blood samples were taken before meconium application and in intervals 15 and 30 min after meconium and 30 min, 1, 3 and 5 hours after the treatment for evaluating of oxidative damage, white blood cell (WBC) differential count, blood gasses, ventilatory parameters and final IL8 and IL1β levels. WBC differential was assessed also in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. NAC alone had only mild therapeutic effect on MAS. However, the combination of NAC and surfactant facilitated quicker onset of therapeutic effect in ventilatory parameters (oxygenation index, PaO 2 /FiO 2 ) compared to surfactant. The combination was the only treatment whose effect lasted out till the end of experiment and which prevented leukocyte migration into the lungs and oxidative damage. Moreover, NAC supressed cytokine formation and thus seems to be favourable agent for improving surfactant therapy in MAS.  Supported by: VEGA 1/0291/12, APVV-0435-11.
Abstract 44: Interaction Of Osr1 And Tbx5 Is Involved In The Mouse Limb And Heart Development
Authors: Linglin Xie, Lun Zhou, Patrick Olson, Jacy O’Keefe, Qiang Fu
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Mutations of TBX5 cause Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) in human, a disease characterized by upper limb and heart defects. Mouse embryos of Osr1 knockout caused similar heart defects, while the upper limb defects have never been reported. By genetically marking Osr1 expressing cells in mice, using Osr1:CreERT2 , we showed that Osr1 expression cells contribute to the atrial septum progenitors between E8.0 and E11.0, and to the forelimb after E9.0. The expression of Osr1 in the forelimb showed a gradient decreasing pattern from the digit 5 to digit 1. Conditional- Tbx5 haploinsuffiency, using Osr1:CreERT2 , compound with Osr1 haploinsuffiency induced more incidence of atrial septal defects (ASDs) and double outlet right ventricle (DORV). Forty percent of these embryos also had digit defects: the digits are either missing, fused or lack normal identity, which were not observed in mouse embryos of either Osr1 or Tbx5 haploinsuffiency. Detailed study of the cardiac progenitors of the compound haploinsufficinecy for Tbx5 and Osr1 showed decreased proliferation in the posterior second heart field, which was associated with lower number of cells transiting from G2 to M phase and less gene expression of Cdk6 and CyclinD2 . In summary, our study demonstrated that interaction of Osr1 and Tbx5 is involved in the mouse limb and heart development and provides a potential mechanism for HOS.
A retrospective study on ventilator-associated pneumonia among pediatric intensive care unit patients admitted in a tertiary hospital in Cebu City, Philippines
Authors: Mary Antoniette Lozada
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background   Diagnosing Ventilator–Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a diagnostic dilemma. Several studies have been done and yet the epidemiology of VAP are not well documented in pediatric patients.   Methodology   This is a retrospective cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted in a private tertiary hospital in Cebu City to all PICU patients mechanically ventilated for ≥48 from 2006 to 2010. Patients were excluded if transferred to another institution. The incidence of VAP was determined using the clinical criteria established by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS).   Results   A total of 132 patients were enrolled. Of the study population, only one patient was diagnosed with VAP. However, when charts were reviewed, it was found that 19 more patients fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of VAP. This made a total of 20 (15.2%) patients with VAP. VAP rate was 0.98 per 1000 ventilator days. Risk factors for the development of VAP included inhaled bronchodilators ( p  p =0.003), enteral feeding ( p 0.001), reintubation ( p  p =0.004). The occurrence of VAP was significantly associated with prolonged PICU stay (24 vs 14,  p 0.001) and hospital stay (38.5 vs 14,  p 0.001). Prolonged ventilator days (OR:1.109, 95% CI:1.06-1.16) is independently associated with VAP.   Conclusion   The local incidence of VAP among ventilated patients in the PICU is very low because of a dilemma in the diagnosis of VAP. Longer need for mechanical ventilation predisposed to the development of VAP.
Steroid-free immunosuppression in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients
Authors: D E Hricik, M A O'Toole, J A Schulak, J Herson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

Data from seven randomized, prospective trials were pooled to determine the effect of steroid-free immunosuppression on allograft survival, patient survival, and the incidence of acute allograft rejection in renal transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine-based maintenance immunosuppression. Six of the seven trials incorporated into this analysis examined the effects of either complete avoidance of steroids or withdrawal of steroids less than 3 months after transplantation. Only one of the studies estimated patient and graft survival beyond 2 yr. Results of the meta-analysis suggest that avoiding steroid therapy from the time of transplantation or withdrawing steroid therapy at some time after transplantation increases the risk of acute allograft rejection without adversely affecting patient or graft survival. However, these results may not accurately reflect the risk of acute allograft rejection in patients subjected to later withdrawal of steroids. Longer periods of follow-up are required to assess the risk of chronic rejection in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients who are not receiving steroids.
Lymphotoxic Effect of Cyclophosphamide in Therapy of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Mice 2
Authors: F. Čulo, N. Allegretti, M. Marušić
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Lymphotoxic Effect of Cyclophosphamide in Therapy of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Mice Get access F. Čulo, F. Čulo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. Allegretti, N. Allegretti Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Marušić M. Marušić Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 6, June 1977, Pages 1759–1764, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.6.1759 Published: 01 June 1977 Article history Received: 26 August 1976 Accepted: 08 December 1976 Published: 01 June 1977
Postoperative Gastric Aspirations Reduced by Glycopyrrolate during Upper Abdominal Surgery
Authors: E N S Fry
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1986)

Summary Glycopyrrolate is shown to reduce the incidence of large volumes (more than 40 ml) of postoperative gastric contents, but not the pH, after major abdominal operations and reduce the consequent risk of regurgitation. It should be preferred to atropine during these procedures.
Probable Clonal Development of Foreign-Body-Induced Murine Sarcomas&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A L Reddy, P J Fialkow
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The number of cells from which tumors induced by subcutaneous implantation of foreign bodies develop was studied in BALB/c mice with X-chromosome-inactivation mosaicism. Because only one of the two X-chromosomes is active in XX somatic cells, a female mouse heterozygous at the X-linked phosphogly-cerate kinase (PGK) locus for Pgk-1b and Pgk-1a has two types of cells. In one population Pgk-1b is active and B-enzyme is produced, whereas in the other population Pgk-1a is active and A-type enzyme is synthesized. Normal tissues from these mosaic mice display both enzyme types, but a tumor that develops from a single cell exhibits only one of the two PGK enzyme types. Of 11 sarcomas induced by Millipore filters, 8 showed single-enzyme PGK phenotypes in primary tumors and in tissue cultures derived from them. The 3 other primary sarcomas showed double-enzyme phenotypes. However, transplantation of cultured cells from 2 of these sarcomas resulted in tumors with single-enzyme PGK phenotypes. Thus the data provide confirmatory evidence for the suggestion that most foreign-body-induced sarcomas develop clonally or from a relatively few cells.
Consultants will have seven day rotas by 2020, government says in response to open letter
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Most consultants in England will have “genuinely seven day rotas” by the end of this parliament, the Department of Health has said in response to a junior doctor’s open letter.

The department was responding on behalf of the government to a letter sent by Janis Burns, a junior doctor, to the prime minister, David Cameron. The letter, which was shared over 180 000 times on Facebook (http://on.fb.me/1JcB8MR), was written in response to a speech made by the health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, last month. In his speech Hunt called for a seven day NHS and warned that around 6000 people died every year “because we do not have a proper seven day service in hospitals.”1 2

In her letter to the prime minister Burns said that she had been working in intensive care during the night at a weekend and so had …