tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Radiotriolein Test in Steatorrhoea
Authors: A. G. Cox
Journal: BMJ (1961)

ULCERATIVE COLITIS maternal care, and early exposure to foreign proteins.However, whatever the factor involved, it can only be expected to account for a minority of the cases of ulcerative colitis.From a wider viewpoint, there is the interesting possibility that artificial feeding in the first few weeks of life may influence the liability to a number of diseases which occur in adult life.The ideal way to determine this would be to carry out a prospective study, but it is self-evident that the results would not be available for some decades.In the meantime the simple type of inquiry employed in the present study may be worthy of application to conditions other than ulcerative colitis. SummaryThe history of infant-feeding has been studied in 152 patients with classical ulcerative colitis and in an equal number of patients with other conditions matched for age and sex attending the Nuffield Department of Medi- cine during the same period.All the patients were asked a standard series of questions by the same interviewer.In 74% of the patients first-hand evidence was obtained from a witness (usually the mother) by means of a postal questionary.It was found that breast-feeding had not been established in 30.3 % of the ulcerative colitis patients and 14.7% of the controls, a difference which might occur by chance less than once in 500 times.However, when the groups were compared in terms of the proportions weaned by one month, no significant difference was apparent.When the ulcerative colitis group was com- pared with the control group in terms of year of birth, social class, residence at interview.and family rank a consistently higher proportion of patients who had been weaned within the first two weeks of life was found in the ulcerative colitis group.These findings can be explained in a number of different ways, but the most likely interpretation is that early artificial feeding increases the liability to ulcerative colitis later in life.The theoretical and practical implications of this are briefly discussed.We are indebted to Mrs. B. Hainge for matching the patients, classifying the answers to the postal questionary, and keeping the records of the study.
The fight for the mouths of babes
Authors: H. Welford
Journal: BMJ (1997)

“Women want choice and information,” said the press release detailing a Mori survey on attitudes towards infant feeding. Well, yes. But the release is from Inform, a new campaign launched by the British formula milk companies' body. Even a non-cynical observer may wonder what they're up to.

To some people, the formula milk industry is a bunch of fat cats making millions at the expense of babies' health. Like Allison Pearson, writing in the Evening Standard , this lot believe “with breast milk on tap, the baby milk manufacturer is like the shyster standing on the front at Brighton, flogging bottled Eau de Mer.” To others, breast feeding is a faintly disgusting quirk, indulged in by the lentil eating middle class. While most of us are somewhere between the extremes, wherever we are we can't argue with the industry here—women should have the information …
Abstract 5289: Role of notch3 in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of HCC
Authors: Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan, T. Clark Gamblin, Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is often activated in cancer cells during invasion and metastasis. During EMT, expression of transcription factors such as Snail and Slug is induced due to the reduction in E-cadherin expression. In addition, matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs) which digest the various components of extracellular matrix also induced during EMT. Various signaling pathways have been involved in the regulation of EMT program. We hypothesize that notch signaling pathway is a potential regulator of EMT program in HCC. Methods: Lysates from human HCC cell lines, Huh-7, HepG2, and Hep3B, were analyzed for the expression of active notch intracellular domain (NICD) 1-3 proteins by western analysis. To determine the role of NICD3 in cancer invasion and metastasis, siRNA against NICD3 was transfected into HCC cell lines. The effect of depletion of NICD3 in HCC cell lines, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were measured by western analyses. Results: Varied level of expression of NICD1-3 was observed in HCC cell lines tested. Transfection of siRNA against NICD3 reduced the level of NICD3 but not the NICD1 protein. Western analysis for the EMT markers expression showed an increase in E-cadherin and concomitant reduction in Snail, Slug, Matrix Metallo Proteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9. Conclusions: NICD3 inhibition significantly reduced the expression of markers of metastasis by increasing E-cadherin and suppressing transcription factors Snail, Slug, and MMPs. These observed change in the protein levels are occurred in the absence of NICD3 protein but the presence of NICD1 protein suggesting that NICD3 may play a role in metastasis. Therefore, targeting NICD3 may be potential strategy for treatment of HCC. Citation Format: Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan, T. Clark Gamblin, Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan. Role of notch3 in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of HCC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5289. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5289
Knocking Out the DREAM to Study Pain
Authors: Brent A Vogt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Although some mechanisms by which acute pain evolves into a chronic syndrome are known, many others, including changes in the brain stem, thalamus, and cerebral cortex, are not understood. Moreover, even though chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain can be relieved to some extent with opiate compounds, these syndromes are still poorly understood. The treatment options for pain with a central cause are even more bleak. Now, however, the revolution in genomic engineering has opened up new possibilities for studying the mechanisms of acute and chronic pain and designing novel and more selective drugs.Prodynorphin is the precursor of dynorphin, an . . .
The Uniform Alcoholism and Intoxification Treatment Act
Authors: Ralph S. Ryback
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

ALCOHOLISM is a medicosocial problem in that it can impair physical health as well as destroy the psychologic and social (work and family) fabric of a person's existence. In the professions, besides medicine, the law has been used as one of the social factors in cure and prevention. As recently as June 17, 1968, the Supreme Court of the United States, in the decision of Powell vs. Texas ruled that that publicly drunk alcoholics could be considered criminals and treated accordingly. The effect of this decision has been tempered by legal forces that seek to eliminate all public drunkenness laws . . .
Gastric explosion: a cautionary tale.
Authors: J. J. Earnshaw, T. K. Keane
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Une observation rare: au cours de l'operation d'un epithelioma gastrique chez une femme de 82 ans, l'incision de l'estomac par diathermie provoque l'explosion de gaz contenus dans l'estomac. L'estomac lui-meme ne semble pas lese, et l'intervention (gastrojejunostomie palliative) peut etre terminee
WHO declares that H1N1 pandemic is officially over
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The World Health Organization announced on 10 August that H1N1 influenza had “largely run its course” and had entered the post-pandemic phase. A total of 18 500 deaths from HIN1 have so far been confirmed worldwide.

Announcing the end of the pandemic, Margaret Chan, WHO’s director general, said that downgrading the pandemic “does not mean that the virus has gone away” but that it was expected “to take on the behaviour of a seasonal influenza virus and continue to circulate for some years to …
Characterization of immunologic properties of a second HLA-A2 epitope from a granule protease in CML patients and HLA-A2 transgenic mice
Authors: Simon F. Lacey, Corinna La Rosa, Teodora Kaltcheva, Tumul Srivastava, Aprille Seidel, Wendi Zhou, Ravindra Rawal, Katharine Hagen, Aparna Krishnan, Jeff Longmate, Helen A. Andersson, Lisa St. John, Ravi Bhatia, Vinod Pullarkat, Stephen J. Forman, Laurence J. N. Cooper, Jeffrey Molldrem, Don J. Diamond
Journal: Blood (2011)
NHS will not improve while new models of care delivery remain "minority interest," conference hears
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2015)

NHS England’s grand vision to transform health services and promote radically different models of care is still only a “minority interest” for the health workforce, a conference has heard.

Chris Ham, chief executive of the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund, said that the Five Year Forward View set out at the end of last year by NHS England’s chief executive, Simon Stevens,1 had still not “penetrated sufficiently into the clinical community.”

“Most of the 1.4 million people who work in the NHS are not focused on this agenda—let’s get real about this,” he said.

Ham was speaking at a King’s Fund breakfast debate in London on 18 February, the second this year to focus on the challenges facing health and social care in the …
Mental Stress: 'Occupational Injury' of 80s That Even Pilots Can't Rise Above
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

MANY PILOTS FLYING in the less-than-friendly skies of airlines involved in hostile takeovers or experiencing financial instability are suffering from the effects of what has become this decade's occupational injury: psychological stress. In one month this spring, three national lay publications, the<i>Wall Street Journal, Business Week</i>, and<i>Newsweek</i>, published articles highlighting the growing concern of both corporations and employees that stress may be the "test that Americans are failing," as<i>Business Week</i>put it. While pilots do not yet seem to be filing claims for workers' compensation, thousands of other workers across the country are. According to the California Workman's Compensation Institute (CWCI), a research firm based in San Francisco, from 1980 to 1986 mental stress claims increased 430% in California. (California is recognized as one of the leading states for such claims.) Despite this increase, mental stress claims still only account for about 2% of all lost work-time
Immunology and Infectious Diseases
Authors: Rosalind F. Dudden
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The aim and scope of this journal, as stated in the first issue, is to be a "frontrank international medium for rapid communication in the broad field of immunity and infection," covering "all aspects of the relationship between the immune system and microbial infections." Articles should cover the "study of both immunity and infection, their interconnection, and wider implications." The editors hope to appeal to a multidisciplinary readership, including clinicians, immunologists, pediatricians, medical microbiologists, pathologists, epidemiologists, and pharmacologists. Twenty countries are represented by authors in the first six issues, with only 18 articles from the United States. The editorial board is composed of distinguished scientists, although several do not have credentials in infectious diseases. The editor stresses "rapid" publication, aiming for papers to be accepted within 8 to 12 weeks of receipt and published within 12 weeks of acceptance. Of the 61 articles in the first six issues, 29 met
Humanism in Medicine — The Rudimentary Process
Authors: Ralph Crawshaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The preoccupation with a medical profession that appears more mechanical and less human grows each day. Our ears are bent, our minds filled, perhaps even our hearts weighed with the burgeoning catalogue of iatrogenic problems. For me, I have had enough, a surfeit of these problems, moral and mechanical, which indicate that physicians, like it or not, are becoming less human under the sway of a Frankenstein technology and a Faustian government. I do not know precisely when life begins or ends, nor care to use an electroencephalographic machine, or any other device to hide my ignorance. In fact I . . .
Points from letters: Management of backache in general practice
Authors: A H G Murley
Journal: BMJ (1975)

October, p 25) is not alone.At the inception of the NHS in 1948 I was an assistant in general practice and lived above the surgery in a traffic-congested area.At that time I managed my rounds quite easily on a bicycle.Unfortunately both your clientele and your colleagues come to regard you as an outsider, which adds to your emotional burden.The car becomes your
Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia with Exit Block
Authors: W. DRESSLER, S. JONAS, R. JAVIER
Journal: Circulation (1966)

A case of atrial tachycardia with A-V block is reported with a basic cycle length of 0.40 sec corresponding to an atrial rate of 150/min. Pauses of various length in atrial activity [see figure in the PDF file] were observed, and each was a multiple of 0.20 sec. These were attributed to the effect of an exit block. It was postulated that the actual atrial rate was 300/min, that is, double the manifest rate. In fact, doubling of the manifest atrial rate was temporarily produced by vagus stimulation and was observed also in spontaneous attacks which mimicked closely atrial flutter. These observations underline the difficulty of separating paroxysmal atrial tachycardia and flutter.
Abstract 5235: Fluorometric imaging system for visualizing submillimeter level tumors using an ultrathin endoscope
Authors: Yuji Morimoto, Miho Muraoka, Kozo Miyazaki, Michiaki Kumagai, Souta Horie, Shigeto Fukushima, Kouji Matsumura, Hirotaka Matsuo, Nariyoshi Shinomiya, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Kazunori Kataoka
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract [Background and purpose] Direct observation of pathological lesions by a relatively noninvasive approach is important for understanding pathophysiological mechanism and for assessing the objective response to therapeutic interventions. On the other hand, it is very difficult to perform direct and relatively noninvasive observation of minimal lesions inside a diseased model using a small live animal. However, recent technological developments in imaging, especially significant progress in fluorescent methods and in endoscopic examinations, have enabled detection and tracing of micro-lesions inside small animal models. We have developed a fluorescence imaging technique using high-resolution ultrathin endoscope, which is accessible to hollow organs of small animals. In addition, we have established an orthotopic rat bladder cancer model in which the cancer cells express a fluorescent protein. The aim of this study was to establish a high-resolution imaging method for visualizing the vascular distribution and mucosal morphology of a bladder tumor. [Materials and Methods] GFP-expressing bladder tumor in a rat orthotopic model: Firstly, we established a cell line with stable integration of GFP constructs that were produced by transfection of pTurboGFP into rat bladder cells (AY27). The stable AY27+tGFP populations were purified by repeated selections using Geneticin (G418). AY27-tGFP cells were implanted in the bladders of female Fischer F344 rats, resulting in development of submillimeter-sized bladder tumors. Development of fluorescence ultrathin endoscopy: We developed a fluorescence ultrathin endoscopic system installed with a 180 W Xenon lamp with excitation filters and 3CCD camera with emission filters. The outer diameter of the ultrathin endoscopic fiber is only 0.8 mm, but its number of pixels reaches 15,000, resulting in a spatial resolution of 50μm. [Results] Fluorescence from AY27-tGFP cells implanted in the bladder was clearly visualized by the ultrathin endoscope placed in the bladder by the transurethral approach. Furthermore, when fluorescence-probed tumor-directive micelles were injected (i.v.) into the animals as a model of drug delivery, fluorescence from the probe agents was visualized in accordance with tumor distribution. In both cases, we detected fluorescence from tumors of less than 1 mm in size. [Conclusion] We established an orthotopic GFP-tumor rat model using a GFP-expressing tumor cell line (AY27-tGFP). Submillimeter tumors in this model were visualized by the newly developed ultrathin endoscopic system. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5235.
Fetal Dosimetry from Pulmonary Imaging in Pregnancy
Authors: JAMES A. PONTO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Fetal dose estimates from Tc-99m MAA and Tc-99m DTPA aerosol were calculated using two methods. These calculations show that the average fetal dose decreases as gestational age (or fetal size) increases. Although the resultant dose estimates exceed those previously reported by severalfold, the risk to mother and fetus from undiagnosed pulmonary embolism far outweighs the risk to the fetus from the radiation exposure.
Comparison of PR and S-T segment responses of graded treadmill test among sports men
Authors: Harish Kumar, S K Verma, Deresey Mekonnen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The study was conducted on a total of 30 male volunteers in the age range of 16–22 years. The subjects were grouped into aerobic, anaerobic and sedentary groups based on their training specialty. The aerobic group consisted of eight trained cyclists while the anaerobic group consisted of three sprinters, four footballers and five wrestlers. Both the aerobic and anaerobic groups were trained for a year and above. The sedentary groups comprised of 10 students from different departments of Punjabi University, Patiala and were not taking part in any regular exercise programme. The main aim of the study was to compare the ECG responses to graded treadmill exercise among the aerobic, anaerobic and sedentary groups as well as to report the effect of intensity of exercise on the ECG. All the subjects of the study were administered a graded treadmill test using modified Bruce protocol that consisted of nine stages each of which lasted for 3 min. All the subjects completed all the nine stages. Exercise test was performed on electrical treadmill. Heart rate and ECG responses were monitored by using a standard 12-lead system with a computerised electrocardiograph machine. The grade of the treadmill was kept constant for the first three stages (0%) and then starting from stage 4 grade was increased to 12% whereafter it was progressively increased by 2% until stage 9–22%. The speed of the treadmill belt was 2.70 km/h in the first three stages thereafter gradually increased to 4.00, 5.40, 6.70, 8.00, 8.80 and 9.60 km/h at stage 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, respectively. The workload or intensity was 4.80, 7.10, 10.00 and 14.00 MET at stages 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively; and 20 MET through stage 7 to 9. The duration and amplitudes of the ECG waves (P, QRS, T) and various segments (PR &amp; ST) and intervals (PR, QT, TP and RR) were measured manually from ECG graph paper printed with a paper speed of 25 mm/s.
BURNS OF THE HAND
Authors: DONALD W. MacCOLLUM
Journal: JAMA (1941)

As most persons are dependent on the use of their hands for a living, a minor burn of the hands may be a distinct handicap and a major burn a catastrophe. Improperly treated minor burns may easily become major ones, and improperly treated major ones may result in the loss either of the hand or of the life of the patient himself. The treatment of burns of the hand differs sufficiently from the treatment of burns elsewhere on the body to justify calling particular attention to the difference. In a previous paper<sup>1</sup>the early and late treatment of burns in general was discussed. Certain suggestions made in that paper for treatment of burns of the extremities need to be amplified. Burns of the hand are caused primarily by explosion, by fire or by contact with hot liquids. The hands of the nonindustrial worker are usually exposed and therefore are
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: Madison Reece
Journal: JAMA (1890)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The short editorial inThe Journalof December 13, touching the question of its removal, is to the point. The responsibility of such a change should be with the members of the Association. The objection to leaving the decision of the matter to the next meeting is, that it will be composed largely of members from one section of the country, and those not in attendance, but equally interested, will be deprived of a voice in the matter. The question is too important to be settled by a partial vote. But how is it to be determined whether the Association is for or against its removal? Let the question be submitted to the whole Association. For this purpose prepare blanks for votes. These can be sent withThe Journal. When filled by those entitled to vote, send direct to the Secretary of the Association. In this way,
Staging Strategies for Lung Cancer
Authors: Mark D. Iannettoni
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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782-4 Influence of Epicardial Lesion Location on Late Luminal Renarrowing and Angiographic Outcome After Successful Balloon Angioplasty, Directional Atherectomy, Stent Implantation and Excimer Laser Angioplasty
Authors: David P. Foley, Rein Melkert, Victor A. Umans, Peter P. de Jaegere, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)