tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of allergen avoidance at high altitude on direct and indirect bronchial hyperresponsiveness and markers of inflammation in children with allergic asthma.
Authors: E van Velzen, J W van den Bos, J A Benckhuijsen, T van Essel, R de Bruijn, R Aalbers
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Improvement of allergic asthma is seen at high altitude partly because of low concentrations of allergen, especially house dust mite. To investigate the effect of a hypoallergenic environment (Davos, 1560 m) on airways inflammation, the changes in bronchial hyperresponsiveness measured with methacholine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), blood eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and serum IgE were studied.In 16 allergic asthmatic children tests were performed on admission and after one month. Medication was kept unchanged during the month of investigation and the patients performed peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements twice daily.After one month at high altitude a considerable improvement was seen in the provocative concentration of AMP causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20 AMP), but not with methacholine. There was also a reduction in total blood eosinophils and ECP. No change in serum IgE was observed. Peak flow variability decreased.After one month at high altitude a reduction in airways inflammation occurs. The results indicate that AMP responsiveness is a more accurate marker of disease activity in relation to inflammation in asthma than methacholine. The benefits of allergen avoidance at high altitude have important clinical implications for children with allergic asthma.
The Hepatotoxicity of Valproic Acid and Its Metabolites in Rats. II. Intermediary and Valproic Acid Metabolism
Authors: Richard G. Granneman, Shyh-Ing Wang, James W. Kesterson, Joseph M. Machinist
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The role of metabolites in valproic acid (VPA)-associated hepatotoxicity was studied in rats. The most steatogenic mono-unsaturated metabolite, 4-en-VPA, caused the greatest changes in indicators of beta-oxidation inhibition (dicarboxylic aciduria, beta-hydroxybutyrate reduction); however, the biochemical effects were much less pronounced than those reported for hypoglycin. Steatosis in VPA-treated rats occurred only at nearly lethal doses. Phenobarbital induction was confirmed as a predisposing factor; however, it appeared not to greatly enhance production of 4-en-VPA or its recognized metabolites, which collectively comprised only 0.5% of the dose. Elevated oxo-VPA metabolites in serum and 2-propylglutarate in liver were associated with toxicity. Among the newly discovered minor metabolites with possible biologic effects were diols (suggesting epoxide precursors) and a series of dienes and trienes. The rarity of severe human hepatotoxicity indicates that, normally, beta-oxidation inhibition is compensated, and cellular defense mechanisms prevail over reactive metabolites. This requires adequate nutrition; on the other hand, severe glycogen depletion may promote toxicity by compromising glucuronidation, the major clearance route. Other literature comments are also supported: (i) caution is indicated for patients with various unusual congenital disorders (e.g., organic acidurias or other mitochondrial defects), and (ii) monotherapy obviates both the predisposition to toxicity and the requirement of large doses to produce therapeutic levels.
American Burkittʼs Lymphoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Subhash Chander, Glenn C. Webster, Alkis P. Zingas, Imad T. Zak, Richard N. Joyrich, J Michael Zerin, David A. Bloom, Peter J. Littrup
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is known to be a noninvasive, safe, and useful diagnostic tool for staging, restaging, and follow up of neoplastic disease. This report is concerned with a 32-year-old man with a history of rare American Burkitt's lymphoma of the head and neck. The patient was evaluated with FDG-PET for staging and posttherapy follow up. The initial PET showed intense accumulation of FDG in the right side of the face indicating malignancy. A posttherapy follow-up PET showed a slight decrease in the FDG accumulation in the tumor, suggesting partial response to chemotherapy. This case shows that FDG-PET continues to be an invaluable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of lymphomas.
Prediction of Diabetic Nephropathy Using Urine Proteomic Profiling 10 Years Prior to Development of Nephropathy
Authors: Hasan H. Otu, Handan Can, Dimitrios Spentzos, Robert G. Nelson, Robert L. Hanson, Helen C. Looker, William C. Knowler, Manuel Monroy, Towia A. Libermann, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Ravi Thadhani
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We examined whether proteomic technologies identify novel urine proteins associated with subsequent development of diabetic nephropathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes before evidence of microalbuminuria.In a nested case-control study of Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes, baseline (serum creatinine <1.2 mg/dl and urine albumin excretion <30 mg/g) and 10-year urine samples were examined. Case subjects (n = 31) developed diabetic nephropathy (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >300 mg/g) over 10 years. Control subjects (n = 31) were matched to case subjects (1:1) according to diabetes duration, age, sex, and BMI but remained normoalbuminuric (albumin-to-creatinine ratio <30 mg/g) over the same 10 years. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) was performed on baseline urine samples, and training (14 cases:14 controls) and validation (17:17) sets were tested.At baseline, A1C levels differed between case and control subjects. SELDI-TOF MS detected 714 unique urine protein peaks. Of these, a 12-peak proteomic signature correctly predicted 89% of cases of diabetic nephropathy (93% sensitivity, 86% specificity) in the training set. Applying this same signature to the independent validation set yielded an accuracy rate of 74% (71% sensitivity, 76% specificity). In multivariate analyses, the 12-peak signature was independently associated with subsequent diabetic nephropathy when applied to the validation set (odds ratio [OR] 7.9 [95% CI 1.5-43.5], P = 0.017) and the entire dataset (14.5 [3.7-55.6], P = 0.001), and A1C levels were no longer significant.Urine proteomic profiling identifies normoalbuminuric subjects with type 2 diabetes who subsequently develop diabetic nephropathy. Further studies are needed to characterize the specific proteins involved in this early prediction.
Guidelines for Managing High Blood Pressure—Reply
Authors: Eduardo Ortiz, Suzanne Oparil, Paul A. James
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE IMPACT OF ADAPTIVE SERVO-VENTILATOR ON CORONARY FLOW VELOCITY RESERVE IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ISCHEMIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Kazuhisa Nishimura, Katsuji Inoue, Teruyoshi Uetani, Takayuki Nagai, Jun Suzuki, kiyoshi Ogimoto, Takafumi Okura, Jitsuo Higaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
CAMPHOR AND STRYCHNINE AS CARDIAC STIMULANTS
Authors: Oliver T. Osborne
Journal: JAMA (1928)

To the Editor:  —After reading the editorial inThe Journal, January 7, condemning the use of camphor and strychnine as cardiac stimulants, I, as a proponent of camphor as a circulatory stimulant, must, in justice to the drug, reply.  It has, of course, been positively proved that camphor does not increase the cardiac output; but as the heart is only one part of the circulation, it would seem only fair to the drug to consider its effect on the blood vessels. It is a matter of clinical fact, which I have very many times observed, that in cardiac failure and collapsed conditions, with cold skin, feeble pulse and failing heart, subcutaneous injection of camphor in sterile oil has caused the surface of the skin to become flushed, dilated the peripheral blood vessels, and improved the whole circulation. Camphor by the mouth will cause a moderate amount of the same type
Molecular Neurogenetics
Authors: Roger N. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The Human Genome Project is scheduled to complete the sequencing of the entire human genome in the early 21st century. When completed, the structural details of the 3 billion nucleotides in the DNA that make up our genome will be provided. Then the Human Biology Project is planned to define the functional importance of the estimated 70 000 genes that are present and expressed within the human brain. Molecular details of genes that encode for cell structure, neurotransmitters, trophic and adhesion molecules, and regulatory proteins will be identified and explained. Currently, detailed information is available for approximately 1000 to 2000 structural and regulatory genes that are active within the brain. Thus, there are at least 68000 genes about which we have little or no information, but that are contributing to brain function and neurological disease. That is a humbling statistic and points out that molecular and genetic neurology is in
Pericytes and Endothelial Precursor Cells: Cellular Interactions and Contributions to Malignancy
Authors: Rebecca G. Bagley, William Weber, Cecile Rouleau, Beverly A. Teicher
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Tumor vasculature is irregular, abnormal, and essential for tumor growth. Pericytes and endothelial precursor cells (EPC) contribute to the formation of blood vessels under angiogenic conditions. As primary cells in culture, pericytes and EPC share many properties such as tube/network formation and response to kinase inhibitors selective for angiogenic pathways. Expression of cell surface proteins including platelet-derived growth factor receptor, vascular cell adhesion molecule, intercellular adhesion molecule, CD105, desmin, and neural growth proteoglycan 2 was similar between pericytes and EPC, whereas expression of P1H12 and lymphocyte function–associated antigen-1 clearly differentiates the cell types. Further distinction was observed in the molecular profiles for expression of angiogenic genes. Pericytes or EPC enhanced the invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a coculture assay system. The s.c. coinjection of live pericytes or EPC along with MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in an increased rate of tumor growth compared with coinjection of irradiated pericytes or EPC. Microvessel density analysis indicated there was no difference in MDA-MB-231 tumors with or without EPC or pericytes. However, immunohistochemical staining of vasculature suggested that EPC and pericytes may stabilize or normalize vasculature rather than initiate vasculogenesis. In addition, tumors arising from the coinjection of EPC and cancer cells were more likely to develop lymphatic vessels. These results support the notion that pericytes and EPC contribute to malignancy and that these cell types can be useful as cell-based models for tumor vascular development and selection of agents that may provide therapeutic benefit.
Neurologic Abnormalities in Workers of a 1-Bromopropane Factory
Authors: Gaku Ichihara, Weihua Li, Eiji Shibata, Xuncheng Ding, Hailan Wang, Yideng Liang, Simeng Peng, Seiichiro Itohara, Michihiro Kamijima, Qiyuan Fan, Yunhui Zhang, Enhong Zhong, Xiaoyun Wu, William M. Valentine, Yasuhiro Takeuchi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

We reported recently that 1-bromopropane (1-BP; n-propylbromide, CAS Registry no. 106-94-5), an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents, is neurotoxic and exhibits reproductive toxicity in rats. The four most recent case reports suggested possible neurotoxicity of 1-BP in workers. The aim of the present study was to establish the neurologic effects of 1-BP in workers and examine the relationship with exposure levels. We surveyed 27 female workers in a 1-BP production factory and compared 23 of them with 23 age-matched workers in a beer factory as controls. The workers were interviewed and examined by neurologic, electrophysiologic, hematologic, biochemical, neurobehavioral, and postural sway tests. 1-BP exposure levels were estimated with passive samplers. Tests with a tuning fork showed diminished vibration sensation of the foot in 15 workers exposed to 1-BP but in none of the controls. 1-BP factory workers showed significantly longer distal latency in the tibial nerve than did the controls but no significant changes in motor nerve conduction velocity. Workers also displayed lower values in sensory nerve conduction velocity in the sural nerve, backward recalled digits, Benton visual memory test scores, pursuit aiming test scores, and five items of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) test (tension, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and confusion) compared with controls matched for age and education. Workers hired after May 1999, who were exposed to 1-BP only (workers hired before 1999 could have also been exposed to 2-BP), showed similar changes in vibration sense, distal latency, Benton test scores, and depression and fatigue in the POMS test. Time-weighted average exposure levels in the workers were 0.34-49.19 ppm. Exposure to 1-BP could adversely affect peripheral nerves or/and the central nervous system.
Chemokines and dendritic cells in inflammatory myopathies: Figure 1
Authors: A Tournadre, P Miossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

This review focuses on the contribution of the local production of chemokines and cytokines and of dendritic cells (DC) to the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies. DC are the most efficient professional antigen-presenting cells (APC), which are critical for the development of innate and adaptive immune responses. Chemokines are important mediators of the immune response as they regulate leucocyte recruitment to tissue and play a key role in inflammatory diseases by acting on T-cell and DC migration. Recent advances indicate that the muscle cell itself could participate in the inflammatory process. Furthermore, the T-helper (Th) type 1 and Th17 proinflammatory cytokines, present in myositis samples, are associated with the migration, differentiation and maturation of inflammatory cells and allow a network of interactions between all the components of the immune response. An understanding of such interactions is essential because it can lead to therapeutic applications.
VALUE OF A NORMAL ECG IN PREDICTING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH CARE COSTS
Authors: Anitha Rajamanickam, Enoch Arhinful, Jaya Bathina, Ali Mahmood, Yuanyuan Zhang, Gaddum Reddy, Ehsanur Rahman, Edward Goldenberg, Erik Marshall, William Weintraub
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
THE CAUSE OF CHRONIC NEPHRITIS
Authors: Edgar G. Ballenger
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In reading the paper on "Treatment of Acute Nephritis" by Drs. Francis D. Murphy and Bruno J. Peters (The Journal, January 17) we were surprised that mention was not made, in discussing the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, of obstructing lesions in the ureter, at the vesical neck or in the urethra. It is difficult for a urologist to understand how it could be that some of the 205 patients in their study did not have an obstructing lesion which played a part in making the kidney vulnerable for the toxic agent that brought on the acute glomerular nephritis. Drs. Murphy and Peters say "Why some patients who have recovered from acute nephritis are completely healed and others progress gradually into the stage of chronic nephritis is an unsolved problem." Might not an obstructing lesion be at least one of the factors which caused 43 per cent
Echophonocardiographic studies of the contribution of the atrioventricular valves to the first heart sound.
Authors: P G Mills, R F Chamusco, S Moos, E Craige
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The movements of the mitral, tricuspid and aortic valves have been recorded echocardiographically and related to the first heart sound (S1) in patients with various hemodynamic and conduction abnormalities. Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves has been studied with respect to the corresponding atrioventricular pressure crossover and it is clear that both valves finish closing about 50 msec after pressure crossover. In order to clarify the relative contribution of tricuspid valve closure and aortic root events to the second high frequency component of S1, a new simultaneous dual echophonocardiographic technique was employed. This permitted the simultaneous registration of tricuspid and aortic valve movements and demonstrated that in certain circumstances the second high frequency component of S1, could be attributed to tricuspid closure, aortic root events being excluded from the genesis of this sound. These observations suggest that the two high frequency components of S1 are related to closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves. The results do not however, exclude a contribution to S1 of aortic root events, which may be of lower frequency vibrations.
Renal Histopathology: A Light Microscopy Study of Renal Disease
Authors: Cecil A. Krakower
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Large medical centers have nephrology units that are fully equipped and manned to perform electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, two of the important present-day techniques used to supplement light microscopy in the diagnosis of renal disease. There are, however, many hospitals that are not so endowed. For the pathologists and nephrologists of such hospitals, this text should be a welcome one. It lays down the principles on which faithful light microscopic readings may be made. These include the use of very thin paraffin sections (2μ thick) and a limited number of highly useful stains such as PAS, acid fuchsin, and its combination with methenamine silver. It emphasizes the importance of a knowledge of electron microscopic findings in the different renal diseases as a basis for interpreting the light microscopic findings. It provides superb photomicrographs illustrative of these diseases. With these prerequisites and with the text as a visual aid, a high
Iron handling and gene expression of the divalent metal transporter, DMT1, in the kidney of the anemic Belgrade (b) rat
Authors: Carole J. Ferguson, Mark Wareing, Mathieu Delannoy, Robert Fenton, Stuart J. Mclarnon, Nicholas Ashton, Alan G. Cox, Raymond F.T. Mcmahon, Laura M. Garrick, Roger Green, Craig P. Smith, Daniela Riccardi
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
1029-182 Biventricular autocrine/paracrine systems in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: AndréP Lourenco, Joris Wieland, Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque, Tiago Henriques-Coelho, Jorge Correia-Pinto, Adelino F Leite-Moreira
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Association of Mortality With Years of Education in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Fibrinolysis
Authors: Rajendra H. Mehta, J. Conor O'Shea, Amanda L. Stebbins, Christopher B. Granger, Paul W. Armstrong, Harvey D. White, Eric J. Topol, Robert M. Califf, E. Magnus Ohman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Space Age's Challenge to Medicine.
Authors: Lawrence E. Lamb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964The Space Age's Challenge to Medicine.Lawrence E. Lamb, M.D., F.A.C.P.Lawrence E. Lamb, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-802_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe medical aspects of man's journey into space are an essential component of space flight. Man is a terrestrial animal of limited variability, and his ability to adapt to new gaseous, thermal, barometric and gravitational influences determines space vehicle characteristics and criteria for selection and training of future astronauts.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brooks Air Force Base, Tex. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 802-802KeywordsForecasting Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Laënnec Vs. Laennec
Authors: Henry R. Viets
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The question of dividing Laennec's name into 3 syllables and indicating this by separation of the vowel elements in the diphthong with a diaeresis over the second initial vowel has long been contended with (<i>JAMA</i><b>175</b>:706, 1961). Most authorities have now adopted the spelling as "Laennec," with the pronunciation as 2 syllables instead of 3. The matter was considered by the late William Sydney Thayer when he gave his address before the Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society in 1920 in celebration of the centenary of the publication of Laennec's famous<i>Traité</i>. He wrote as follows: "The name, Celtic in origin, comes probably from the word "<i>Lenn</i>" which signifies study or reading; it might properly be translated "reader" or "man of study." It is pronounced as if it were spelled "Lennec"; that is, it<i>should</i>so be pronounced. Oddly enough, even in France, it is commonly mispronounced
The concept of disease
Authors: E J M Campbell, J G Scadding, R S Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The connotations of the term "a disease" were investigated by studying the ways in which both medical and non-medical people used the word. A list of common diagnostic terms was read slowly to groups of non-medical academic staff of a university, secondary-school students, medical academics, and family practitioners, who then indicated whether they thought each word referred to disease.All groups rated illnesses due to infections as diseases, but the doctors, and particularly the general practitioners, were more generous in accepting as diseases the terms for non-infectious conditions. Apart from the nature of the cause, the most influential factor in determining whether or not an illness was considered to be a disease was the importance of the doctor in diagnosis and treatment.These findings provide further evidence that there is ambiguity about the meaning of the term disease. To the layman a disease seems to be a living agency that causes illness. Doctors have obviously accepted more heterogeneous defining characteristics but remain reluctant to adopt unequivocally nominalist ways of thought. The position is not unlike that in the physical sciences, in which there is a good precedent for distinguishing between the formal scientific and the everyday uses of terms such as "force" and "power."