tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-174 Systematic review and meta-analysis of the influence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression and amplification on survival in patients with oesophageal cancer
Authors: D Chan, C Twine, W Lewis
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Survival and recurrence rates following oesophagectomy remain poor despite the use of neoadjuvant therapy. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) overexpression is associated with poorer survival in patients with gastric cancer and trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against HER2 has been shown to be effective in patients with advanced gastric cancer. However, the influence of HER2 overexpression in patients with oesophageal cancer has been equivocal. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the influence of HER2 overexpression and amplification on outcomes in patients with oesophageal cancer. <h3>Methods</h3> A computerised search of MEDLINE was performed via PubMed and Embase from January 1990 to November 2011 using the MeSH subject headings: oesophageal neoplasm and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 or HER2 or Neu or HER-2 or c-erbB-2 or c-erbB2 or erbB2 or CD340 or p185 to identify studies investigating the influence of HER2 protein overexpression or gene amplification on survival in patients with oesophageal cancer. The meta-analysis was performed in line with the recommendations from the Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA guidelines using Review Manager 5.1. Statistical analysis of dichotomous variables were carried out using OR as the summary statistic. Random-effects models were used and were reported with 95% CIs ORs represent the odds of death during the study interval in a patient who was HER2 positive compared with a patient who was HER2 negative. <h3>Results</h3> This review included 16 studies totalling 1549 patients with oesophageal cancer [1486 (96%) curative esophagectomy, 350 (22.6%) HER2 positive]. Immunohistochemistry was most commonly used to assess HER2 expression. 5-Year survival was significantly poorer in HER2 positive patients [OR 1.38, 95% CI (1.01 to 1.88), p=0.04]. Analysis according to histological type showed a significantly poorer survival in HER2 positive patients at 5 years for squamous cell carcinoma [OR 2.63, 95% CI (1.25 to 5.52), p=0.01] but not adenocarcinoma [OR 1.33, 95% CI (0.89 to 2.00), p=0.17]. However, sensitivity analysis for adenocarcinoma revealed the same trend [OR 1.91, 95% CI (1.15 to 3.17), p=0.01]. <h3>Conclusion</h3> HER2 overexpression and gene amplification was a poor prognostic indicator in patients with curable oesophageal cancer. This may provide the opportunity for wider application of therapeutic targeting of this receptor to improve the prognosis of patients with oesophageal cancer. A randomised trial is therefore needed to determine whether HER2 monoclonal antibody therapy improves survival in patients with curable oesophageal cancer. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Detection of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> But Not Cytomegalovirus in Occluded Saphenous Vein Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts
Authors: Claus Bartels, Matthias Maass, Gregor Bein, Rainer Malisius, Nicole Brill, J. F. Matthias Bechtel, Friedhelm Sayk, Alfred C. Feller, Hans-Hinrich Sievers
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —A causal relation between atherosclerosis and chronic infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and/or cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been suggested. Whether the unresolved problem of venous coronary artery bypass graft occlusion is related to infection with C pneumoniae and/or CMV has not been addressed. Methods and Results —Thirty-eight occluded coronary artery vein grafts and 20 native saphenous veins were examined. Detection of C pneumoniae DNA was performed by use of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Homogenisates from the specimen were cultured for identification of viable C pneumoniae . Both conventional PCR and quantitative PCR for detection of CMV DNA were applied. Differential pathological changes (degree of inflammation, smooth muscle cell proliferation [MIB-1]) were determined and correlated to the detection of both microorganisms. C pneumoniae DNA could be detected in 25% of occluded vein grafts. Viable C pneumoniae was recovered from 16% of occluded vein grafts. Except for 1 native saphenous vein, all control vessels were negative for both C pneumoniae detection and culture. All pathological and control specimens were negative for CMV DNA detection. Pathological changes did not correlate with C pneumoniae detection. Conclusions —Occluded aorto-coronary venous grafts harbor C pneumoniae but not CMV. The detection of C pneumoniae in occluded vein grafts warrants further investigation.
Recovery From Experimental Parkinsonism by Semaphorin-guided Axonal Growth of Grafted Dopamine Neurons
Authors: N Emmanuel Díaz-Martínez, Elisa Tamariz, N Fabián Díaz, Claudia M García-Peña, Alfredo Varela-Echavarría, Iván Velasco
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Cell therapy in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) is effective after intrastriatal grafting of dopamine (DA) neurons, whereas intranigral transplantation of dopaminergic cells does not cause consistent behavioral recovery. One strategy to promote axonal growth of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra (SN) to the striatum is degradation of inhibitory components such as chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPG). An alternative is the guidance of DA axons by chemotropic agents. Semaphorins 3A and 3C enhance axonal growth of embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived dopaminergic neurons in vitro, while Semaphorin 3C also attracts them. We asked whether intranigral transplantation of DA neurons, combined with either degradation of CSPG or with grafts of Semaphorin 3-expressing cells, towards the striatum, is effective in establishing a new nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in rats with unilateral depletion of DA neurons. We found depolarization-induced DA release in dorsal striatum, DA axonal projections from SN to striatum, and concomitant behavioral improvement in Semaphorin 3-treated animals. These effects were absent in animals that received intranigral transplants combined with Chondroitinase ABC treatment, although partial degradation of CSPG was observed. These results are evidence that Semaphorin 3-directed long-distance axonal growth of dopaminergic neurons, resulting in behavioral improvement, is possible in adult diseased brains.
ON THE RSEULTS OF THYROID TREATMENT IN INFANTILE WASTING
Authors: J. W. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1910)

EDICAL JOUIRNAL I1049 persons, therefore, during the prevalence of scarlet fever -may be classed as follows: (1) The well developed cases ,of scarlet fever; (2) the cases which are mild, but whose infection has resulted in sore throat and a slight, -evanescent rash with subsequent peeling; (3) the cases in which there is a still milder grade of infection, not ,sufficiently concentrated to produce a skin rash; but which produces a sore throat and may produce " exfoliation " of the tongue.I have mentioned that in none of these latter -cases which I have followed up has.true scarlet fever developed, but the record of a very much larger number ,of cases is necessary to prove the hypothesis.Tentatively, thereforts, I hold it true that Class III, -composed of persons exposed to scarlatina who have developed nothing but a sore throat and an unrecognizable ^degree of scarlatina, have received an immunizing sub- infection which has protected them from the full attack.This subinfection has produced a response in the form of *increased resistance, the host becomes better armed with antibodies,.and a " positive phase " is produced in the same way as it is produced in vacoine therapy.'The possibility of this increased immunity being pro.
Posaconazole Treatment of Extensive Skin and Nail Dermatophytosis Due to Autosomal Recessive Deficiency of CARD9
Authors: Marie Jachiet, Fanny Lanternier, Michel Rybojad, Martine Bagot, Lina Ibrahim, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Anne Puel, Jean-David Bouaziz
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Deep dermatophytosis is a disease that involves dermatophytic infection of the dermis and/or lymph nodes and sometimes the central nervous system. Autosomal recessive deficiency of the CARD9 (caspase recruitment domain 9) protein has been described in 17 patients with deep dermatophytosis from Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco.We report a case of extensive dermatophytosis due to autosomal recessive CARD9 deficiency in a patient of Egyptian origin. This patient had extensive superficial Trichophyton rubrum infection of the skin and nails without significant visceral involvement. Treatment with posaconazole was well tolerated and induced a complete clinical remission within 3 months that continued for 8 months of follow-up.This case report underlines the phenotypic variability of dermatophytic infection in patients with CARD9 deficiency and the potential efficacy of posaconazole for this indication.
Evaluation of Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 and Her-2 Extracellular Domain as Biomarkers for 17-Allylamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin Treatment of Adult Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Julie L. Eiseman, Jianxia Guo, Ramesh K. Ramanathan, Chandra P. Belani, David B. Solit, Howard I. Scher, S. Percy Ivy, Eleanor G. Zuhowski, Merrill J. Egorin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Interaction of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) with heat shock protein 90 results in proteasomal degradation of many proteins, including Her-2-neu, with subsequent decreased expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2). Concentrations of both IGFBP-2 and Her-2 extracellular domain (Her-2 ECD) in sera of mice bearing BT474 human breast cancer xenografts decrease after 17-AAG treatment. We investigated whether this phenomenon occurred in patients. Materials and Methods: Eight to 15 plasma samples were obtained between 0 and 72 h from 27 patients treated with single-agent 17-AAG at doses between 10 and 307 mg/m2 and 18 patients treated with 17-AAG at doses between 220 and 450 mg/m2 combined with 70 to 75 mg/m2 of docetaxel. Pretreatment plasma samples were also obtained from 12 healthy volunteers. Plasma IGFBP-2 and Her-2 ECD concentrations were quantitated by ELISA. Results: Pretreatment plasma IGFBP-2 concentrations in patients (171 ± 116 ng/mL) were 2-fold higher than those in healthy volunteers (85 ± 44 ng/mL; P &amp;lt; 0.05). Following 17-AAG treatment, there were no consistent dose-dependent or time-dependent changes in plasma IGFBP-2 and Her-2 ECD concentrations. IGFBP-2 concentrations decreased by ≥40% in 8 patients, increased 2- to 5-fold in 8 patients, and remained essentially unchanged in 29 patients. Her-2 ECD concentrations decreased by ≥40% in 10 patients, increased 1.5- to 5-fold in 2 patients, and remained essentially unchanged in 25 patients. Conclusions: As previously reported, IGFBP-2 concentrations in plasma of cancer patients are significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers. In contrast to a mouse model, 17-AAG treatment was not consistently associated with decreases in IGFBP-2 or Her-2 ECD concentrations in patient plasma.
Cyclooxygenase blockade limits blood flow to collateral-dependent myocardium during exercise
Authors: J. D. Altman, C. L. Klassen, R. J. Bache
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Cyclooxygenase blockade limits blood flow to collateral-dependent myocardium during exercise Get access John D. Altman, John D. Altman Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Box 508 UMHC, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christopher L. Klassen, Christopher L. Klassen Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Box 508 UMHC, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert J. Bache Robert J. Bache * Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Box 508 UMHC, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA *Corresponding author. Tel.: (+1-612) 625-2454; fax: (+1-612) 626-4411. bache001@maroon.tc.umn.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 30, Issue 5, November 1995, Pages 697–704, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00107-7 Published: 01 November 1995 Article history Received: 05 October 1994 Accepted: 13 June 1995 Published: 01 November 1995
SEPARATION AND SURVIVAL OF XIPHOPAGUS TWINS
Authors: Hyatt Reitman
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Symmetrically conjoined twins are rare. Potter reports only one case in the course of over 60,000 deliveries at Chicago Lying-In Hospital since 1931. Our case is the first occurring at Mount Sinai Hospital in the course of approximately 35,000 deliveries. Potter states that in all symmetrically conjoined twins, except the rare xiphopagus type in which only the lower portions of the sternum are fused, some of the viscera are shared by the two infants and surgical separation is impossible. Eastman reports three authentic cases (omphalopagus type) in which surgical separation was accomplished with the survival of one twin and the death of the other. Further, he states that no case has been reported with the separation and survival of both. A survey of the literature also reveals no reported case of survival of both twins.  It is not within the province of this paper to discuss conjoined twins; the subject
Sudan: in through the back door
Authors: H. Veeken
Journal: BMJ (1998)

“Do not worry, she will survive; she has meningitis and is on treatment. You'll see it tomorrow when it is light.” William smiles confidently, sweeps his stethoscope round his neck, bends his back, and crawls out of the hut. I'm not convinced and examine the girl once more; I'm glad I brought my torch. She lies naked in the sand, obviously stiff necked, unconscious, and breathing superficially. The hut is pitch dark, and I can just see the shadows of some five relatives who cook and sleep in the same place. Except for nasogastric feeding, I have not much more to offer. I decide to follow the health worker and to re-examine the girl first thing next morning. William has received primary school education and upgraded himself to health assistant through “hands on” teaching for several years by our doctors. I feel proud but also a bit embarrassed at the ease with which he diagnoses severe illnesses so seldom seen in my home country, the Netherlands.

#### Summary points

Areas of south Sudan have been cut off for years by the civil war, making it one of the most inaccessible areas in Africa with most of south Sudan accessible only from Kenya

The local tribes are semi-nomadic cattle herders, and even without the effects of the war living conditions are extremely harsh

Tuberculosis and pneumonia are highly prevalent as well as kala-azar and brucellosis

In the marshy area of the Sud malaria is an increasingly serious problem

We had been dropped at the village, called Lankien, by a small plane. While landing, I noticed a crashed plane at the end of the air strip. “The pilot forgot to pull up the flaps when taking off,” the pilot explained casually. Lankien is situated in south Sudan, a “country” that is home to some five …
Identification of a major sialoprotein in the glycocalyx of human visceral glomerular epithelial cells.
Authors: D Kerjaschki, H Poczewski, G Dekan, R Horvat, E Balzar, N Kraft, R C Atkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Glomerular visceral epithelial cells are endowed with a sialic acid-rich surface coat (the "glomerular epithelial polyanion"), which in rat tissue contains the sialoprotein podocalyxin. We have identified a major membrane sialoprotein in human glomeruli that is similar to rat podocalyxin in its sialic acid-dependent binding of wheat germ agglutinin and in its localization on the surface of glomerular epithelial and endothelial cells, as shown by immunoelectron microscopy, using the monoclonal antibody PHM5. Differences in the sialoproteins of the two species are indicated by the discrepancy of their apparent molecular weights in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, by the lack of cross reactivity of their specific antibodies, and by the lack of homology of their proteolytic peptide maps. It is therefore possible that the human glomerular sialoprotein and rat podocalyxin are evolutionarily distinct, but have similar functions.
Risk of Transmission of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy to Humans in the United States&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;Report of the Council on Scientific Affairs&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Litjen Tan
Journal: JAMA (1999)

The risk of possible transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United States is a substantial public health concern.To systematically review the current scientific literature and discuss legislation and regulations that have been implemented to prevent the disease.Literature review using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Lexis/Nexis databases for 1975 through 1997 on the terms bovine spongiform encephalopathy, prion diseases, prions, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome. The Internet was used to identify regulatory actions and health surveillance.MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Lexis/Nexis databases were searched from 1975 through 1997 for English-language articles that provided information on assessment of transmission risk.Unique circumstances in the United Kingdom caused the emergence and propagation of BSE in cattle, including widespread use of meat and bonemeal cattle feed derived from scrapie-infected sheep and the adoption of a new type of processing that did not reduce the amount of infectious prions prior to feeding. Many of these circumstances do not exist in the United States. In the United Kingdom, new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease probably resulted from the ingestion of BSE-contaminated processed beef. The United Kingdom and the European Union now have strong regulations in place to stop the spread of BSE. While BSE has not been observed in the United States, the US government has surveillance and response plans in effect.Current risk of transmission of BSE in the United States is minimal because (1) BSE has not been shown to exist in this country; (2) adequate regulations exist to prevent entry of foreign sources of BSE into the United States; (3) adequate regulations exist to prevent undetected cases of BSE from uncontrolled amplification within the US cattle population; and (4) adequate preventive guidelines exist to prevent high-risk bovine materials from contaminating products intended for human consumption.
Rubella immunity in pregnant women in a north London practice.
Authors: J Naish
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Congenital malformations due to rubella embryopathy are preventable. All women embarking on pregnancy should be immune and know that they are immune to rubella to guard against the risk of contracting the disease during pregnancy. A previous history of clinical rubella or rubella vaccination is not reliable, and women should be screened for antibodies when possible before planning to conceive, and particularly before a first pregnancy. As general practitioners committed to the practice of prevention, we should undertake rubella screening for all our women patients before they conceive. This could easily be incorporated into our contraceptive services. We will be greatly helped if family planning clinics adopted a policy of screening for rubella antibodies, always remembering that good documentation and communication will avoid duplication and confusion and reduce costs.
The hemodynamic effects of intravenous tocainide in patients with heart disease.
Authors: R A Winkle, J L Anderson, F Peters, P J Meffin, R E Fowles, D C Harrison
Journal: Circulation (1978)

In order to evaluate its hemodynamic actions, tocainide, a new orally effective antiarrhythmic drug, was given intravenously over a 15 minute period to 12 patients with compensated left ventricular dysfunction. Doses were 0.5 (4 patients) or 0.75 (8 patients) mg/kg/min. Hemodynamics and drug plasma concentrations were measured at the end and 15 minutes after the end of the infusion. Tocainide infusion produced small but statistically significant increases in the pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance, aortic and pulmonary arterial pressure, and left and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure. There was no significant change in left ventricular dp/dt, heart rate, or cardiac index. In patients with compensated left ventricular dysfunction, tocainide produces a small rise in vascular resistance and arterial pressure. Overall cardiac function is maintained with a small increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.
Estimates of gestational age
Authors: J. D. Knoke
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Knoke and Sokol provide a clear and heuristic explanation of how regression to the mean can produce bias in estimates of gestational age when those estimates are based on the mother's recollection of the LNMP and are associated with appreciable random error. We in fact mentioned the phenomenon (on page 3308 of our article) in discussing possible reasons for our results, but dismissed it as insufficient to account for either the magnitude of the biases we observed or the differences between apparent (ie, LNMP-based) preterm and postterm births. As we stated in our article, "Regression toward the mean due to random errors in recall at the two extremes of menstrual dates can explain only a small part of the phenomenon, since random errors in menstrual dating have been shown to be much smaller in magnitude than those demonstrated herein. Nor does it explain the larger errors postterm
Clinical implications of GBV-C/HGV infection in patients with “HCV-related” chronic hepatitis
Authors: Raffaella Francesconi, Fabrizio Giostra, Giorgio Ballardini, Aldo Manzin, Laura Solforosi, Federico Lari, Carlo Descovich, Sabrina Ghetti, Alberto Grassi, Gianpaolo Bianchi, Daniela Zauli, Massimo Clementi, Francesco B. Bianchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Potential False Positive Tc-99m Sestamibi Parathyroid Study Due to Uptake in Brown Adipose Tissue
Authors: Ka Kit Wong, Richard KJ Brown, Anca M. Avram
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

We report on a 55-year-old woman with suspected primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent dual phase Tc-99m sestamibi parathyroid imaging. Symmetric, patchy activity in the neck and shoulders was localized to low attenuation areas on integrated SPECT/CT and attributed to uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Focal uptake in the anterior thorax on SPECT images, which potentially may have been misinterpreted as ectopic parathyroid tissue, was demonstrated on SPECT/CT as uptake in BAT. Recognition of this pattern on parathyroid SPECT/CT scintigraphy may avoid false positive reports. Our case provides further evidence that in addition to F-18 FDG, I-123 MIBG, and Tc-99m tetrofosmin, Tc-99m sestamibi may also accumulate in BAT.