tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
6 Definitions and outcomes of transplants using expanded criteria donor livers
Authors: S FENG, J BRAGGGRESHAM, D DYKSTRA, J PUNCH, M DEBROY, S GREENSTEIN, R MERION
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become one of the most common liver diseases and is still without approved pharmacotherapy. Lifestyle interventions using exercise and diet change remain the current treatment of choice and even a small weight loss (5–7%) can already have a beneficial effect on NASH. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of exercise and diet interventions remain largely elusive, and it is unclear whether they exert their health effects via similar or different pathways.Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice received a high fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks to establish a severe state of NASH/fibrosis with simultaneous atherosclerosis development. Groups of mice were then either left untreated (control group) or were treated for 20 weeks with exercise (running wheel), diet change (switch to a low fat chow diet) or the combination thereof. The liver and distant organs including heart, white adipose tissue (WAT) and muscle were histologically examined. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of liver, WAT and muscle revealed the organ-specific effects of exercise and diet and defined the underlying pathways.Exercise and dietary change significantly reduced body weight, fat mass, adipocyte size and improved myosteatosis and muscle function with additive effects of combination treatment. WAT inflammation was significantly improved by diet change, tended to be reduced with exercise, and combination therapy had no additive effect. Hepatic steatosis and inflammation were almost fully reversed by exercise and diet change, while hepatic fibrosis tended to be improved with exercise and was significantly improved with diet change. Additive effects for the combination therapy were shown for liver steatosis and associated liver lipids, and atherosclerosis, but not for hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Pathway analysis revealed complementary effects on metabolic pathways and lipid handling processes, thereby substantiating the added value of combined lifestyle treatment.Exercise, diet change and the combination thereof can reverse established NASH/fibrosis in obese Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice. In addition, the lifestyle interventions had beneficial effects on atherosclerosis, WAT inflammation and muscle function. For steatosis and other parameters related to adiposity or lipid metabolism, exercise and dietary change affected more distinct pathways that acted complementary when the interventions were combined resulting in an additive effect for the combination therapy on important endpoints including NASH and atherosclerosis. For inflammation, exercise and diet change shared several underlying pathways resulting in a net similar effect when the interventions were combined.
Expression of peptide receptors in human endocrine tumours of the pancreas.
Authors: C Tang, I Biemond, C B Lamers
Journal: Gut (1997)

Gut peptides are known to influence hormone release and growth of endocrine tumours of the pancreas. Although information on somatostatin receptors has been provided recently, little is known on the receptor status of other gastrointestinal hormones in such tumours.To analyse the spectrum of gut hormone receptors on endocrine tumours of pancreas.Four types of endocrine tumours from eight patientS.The receptors for bombesin, secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin have been visualised and quantified with storage phosphor autoradiography.Bombesin receptors were present in all five gastrinomas and two primary VIPomas. Secretin receptors were expressed in four primary gastrinomas and one primary VIPoma from pancreas. Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors were identified in four primary gastrinomas and all VIPomas. Furthermore, all VIPomas expressed cholecystokinin-B (gastrin) receptors, whereas, gastrinomas did not contain cholecystokinin-B receptors. The receptors for somatostatin were detected in all gastrinomas and VIPomas. Both somatostatinoma and glucagonoma were negative for all five types of peptide receptors studied.Besides somatostatin receptors, most of gastrinomas and VIPomas also express receptors for bombesin, secretin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide.
Comparative Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Insecticides: Effects on Brain Development Are Separable from Systemic Toxicity
Authors: Theodore A. Slotkin, Edward D. Levin, Frederic J. Seidler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

A comparative approach to the differences between systemic toxicity and developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates is critical to determine the degree to which multiple mechanisms of toxicity carry across different members of this class of insecticides. We contrasted neuritic outgrowth and cholinergic synaptic development in neonatal rats given different organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, parathion) at doses spanning the threshold for impaired growth and viability. Animals were treated daily on postnatal days 1–4 by subcutaneous injection so as to bypass differences in first-pass activation to the oxon or catabolism to inactive products. Evaluations occurred on day 5. Parathion (maximum tolerated dose, 0.1 mg/kg) was far more systemically toxic than was chlorpyrifos or diazinon (maximum tolerated dose, 1–5 mg/kg). Below the maximum tolerated dose, diazinon impaired neuritic outgrowth in the forebrain and brainstem, evidenced by a deficit in the ratio of membrane protein to total protein. Diazinon also decreased choline acetyltransferase activity, a cholinergic neuronal marker, whereas it did not affect hemicholinium-3 binding to the presynaptic choline transporter, an index of cholinergic neuronal activity. There was no m2-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor down-regulation, as would have occurred with chronic cholinergic hyper-stimulation. The same pattern was found previously for chlorpyrifos. In contrast, parathion did not elicit any of these changes at its maximum tolerated dose. These results indicate a complete dichotomy between the systemic toxicity of organophosphates and their propensity to elicit developmental neurotoxicity. For parathion, the threshold for lethality lies below that necessary for adverse effects on brain development, whereas the opposite is true for chlorpyrifos and diazinon.
Rosuvastatin prevented ischemic stroke in healthy older adults with elevated C-reactive protein
Authors: Salvador Cruz-Flores
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Everett BM, Glynn RJ, MacFadyen JG, Ridker PM. Rosuvastatin in the prevention of stroke among men and women with elevated levels of C-reactive protein. Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER). Circulation. 2009;121:143-50. 20026779
Does my partner cause my allergy?
Authors: T. Schäfer, J. Merkl, E. Klemm, H.‐E. Wichmann, J. Ring
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: The study of partners can help to understand the impact of environmental influences on the development of allergies. We aimed to test the hypothesis that subjects whose partners have hay fever are at increased risk for the same disease and that the risk increases with the time subjects live together with an affected partner. Methods: A nested unmatched case–control study was performed in a random sample of 4261 inhabitants, aged 25–74 years, of the City of Augsburg, Germany, and two adjacent counties. Using standardized computer‐assisted face‐to‐face interviews, we determined the risk of doctor‐diagnosed hay fever in subjects who lived together with a partner having the same disease as opposed to subjects living with an unaffected partner. Furthermore, the risk of doctor‐diagnosed hay fever depending on the time the subjects had lived together with an affected partner was calculated. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, parental predisposition and social status, the risk of hay fever was more than double in subjects who lived together with a partner having the same disease (odds ratio, OR adj. , 2.41; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.48–3.92). If subjects lived together with an affected partner, the risk of developing the disease increased with the time the partners lived together (1–11 years, OR 1; 12–23 years, OR 1.8; 24–35 years, OR 7.4; 36–54 years, OR 13.7). Conclusion: The risk of developing hay fever is significantly elevated in subjects who live together with a partner having the same disease. The risk further increases with the time the partners live together. This points to important shared environmental influences or behaviours and raises speculations on a transmissible cause.
Dislocation of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Ali Akhaddar, Mohamed Boucetta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 22-year-old man presented with a 10-day history of torticollis. Two months before presentation, he had fallen from standing height but did not report subsequent cervical pain, weakness, or paresthesia. On examination, there was a reduced range of movement of the cervical spine without other neurologic deficits. Radiography of the cervical spine showed a marked reversal of the cervical lordosis, anterior displacement of 60% of C4 on C5, anterior callus formation, bilateral facet dislocation, and increased posterior interspinous distance (double arrow) (Panel A). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Sagittal T2-weighted imaging revealed a spinal cord angulation with mild . . .
Human placental amnion is a novel substrate for detecting autoantibodies in autoimmune bullous diseases by immunoblotting
Authors: N. Oyama, B.S. Bhogal, P. Carrington, M.J. Gratian, M.M. Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Human placental amnion is a novel substrate for detecting autoantibodies in autoimmune bullous diseases by immunoblotting Get access N. Oyama, N. Oyama Department of Immunofluorescence, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K Noritaka Oyama. E‐mail: norider@wine.plala.or.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.S. Bhogal, B.S. Bhogal Department of Immunofluorescence, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Carrington, P. Carrington Department of Immunofluorescence, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J. Gratian, M.J. Gratian Department of Immunofluorescence, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. Black M.M. Black Department of Immunofluorescence, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 5, 1 May 2003, Pages 939–944, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05316.x Published: 01 May 2003 Article history Accepted: 17 November 2002 Published: 01 May 2003
Cancer Prevention in Primary Care: Screening for cervical cancer
Authors: J Austoker
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Cervical screening has been shown to be effective in several countries, although not by means of randomised controlled trials.A screening programme has been in operation in the United Kingdom since 1964, d 1 i1 but it has, in the past, been beset with problems of organisation, accountability, and commitment.The introduction in 1988 of a systematic call and recall system and the setting up of an NHS cervical screening programme national coordinating network has brought a greater sense of coherence.Coverage of the target population in England between 1989-90 and 1992-3 increased from 61% to 83%, and there is a This is the seventh in a series of strong indication that cervical screening is now articles looking at how cancer beginning to reach those most at risk-namely, older can be prevented in general women from lower social classes.Primary care practice is central to the overall success of the cervical screening programme.General practitioners are in a unique position to invite women for a smear test, to take smears, to ensure that abnormal smear test results are followed up, and to check on reasons for non-attendance.Numerous studies have looked at the involvement of general practice in cervical screening, identifying many ways in which the pro- gramme can be improved.Many practices are now running well organised and effective programmes.Cervical cancer: current facts In England and Wales during 1988, 4467 new cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix were registered (4940 in the United Kingdom as a whole), making it the eighth commonest cancer in women.Although only 15-5% of cases occur in women under 35, it is the most common cancer in this age group, accounting for Cancer Research 25% of all new cancers.Since the early 1 970s there has Campaign Primary Care been a significant increase in the incidence of both Education Group, carcinoma in situ and invasive cancer in women under Department ofPublic carci a in tuoan ase cancer in men udr Health and Primary Care, 45 partlcularly i those aged 25-34, but this may partly University ofOxford, reflect detection by screening.Oxford OX2 6PEIn England and Wales, 18 753 women were Joan Austoker, director registered in 1988 as having carcinoma in situ (including grade III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia).Most BMJ1994;309:241-8 (85-5%) of these cases were registered in women under TABLE I-Age distribution for screening, positive results on smear testing, new cases of carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma, and deathsfrom carcinoma ofcervix.'-3 Values are percentages New cases* of New cases of Deaths from Women screened, Positive smear, carcinoma in situ invasive carcinoma carcinoma of Age (years) 1992-3 1992-3 or CIN3, 1988 1988 cervix,
A METHOD OF CLOSING A SINUS BETWEEN THE ANTRUM OF HIGHMORE AND THE MOUTH
Authors: L. W. DEAN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The topic with which this paper deals has been chosen for three reasons: first, because I have had so much difficulty myself in eradicating these sinuses; second, because I see so many sinuses left after others have operated; and, third, because a search of the literature has failed to furnish very much information regarding the technic of such a procedure. Since selecting the topic I have operated in twenty-three such cases. They were all cases of alveolar necrosis with antrum involvement, with the exception of two cases, or they were cases of permanent sinus following an operation for antrum suppuration secondary to alveolar necrosis. The two exceptions were, first, a large infected dentigerous cyst, lying external to the antrum. This was drained into the nose through the antrum. And, second, a case of composite follicular odontoma which was also drained into the antrum and through it into the nose. With
Diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis: Ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mohammad T Masoud
Journal: BMJ (2006)

One-time general consent for research on biological samples Opt out system for patients is optimal and endorsed in many countriesEditor-Wendler's valuable overview of empirical studies of patients' preferences about the use of residual (leftover) tissue for research is not complete. 1 The discussion has already been settled by legislation in many countries.In 2004 the Danish act on patient rights was amended with an opt out system for using residual tissue for research.In 2004 the US Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) issued guidance that research on residual tissue which is anonymous to the researcher is not human subject research and therefore the tissue can be used without consent. 2Earlier the Dutch Federation of Medical Research Societies' code of conduct on research with residual tissue drafted with patients' organisations had an opt out system for research on samples anonymous to the researcher. 3 In the recent UK Human Tissue Act no form of consent is needed for the use of fully anonymous or coded (or linked) residual tissue that is anonymous to the researcher, provided that an ethical review board has permitted the study.The more restrictive provisions in the original bill were amended also because of pressure from patient groups afraid that research to their benefit would be hampered by the proposed consent system.Wendler emphasises autonomy and argues that one-time consent protects the autonomy of individuals and protects them from serious risks.There are two major arguments against this.Firstly, autonomy should be balanced against other values such as the interests of patients who might benefit from this research. 4 Secondly, autonomy as such cannot protect individuals from risks but only from risks they do want to carry.Research on residual tissue, whether anonymous or anonymously used and being coded, does not carry any risks to individuals.Ethical review boards should oversee that sufficient measures have been taken to ensure that the samples used in research remain anonymously used.It should be possible to enrich data from tissue research with patient data.Fully anonymising samples, as suggested by Wendler, is a waste of valuable information.
A CASE OF PITUITOUS CATARRH
Authors: P. H.-S. Hartley, I. J. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1923)

LLL1J~~MEDICAL JOURENA16the grafted ovaries may carry on their function for a much longer period.(3) Except for a little tenderness, and occasionally slight swelling about the time of menstruationi, not the slightest inconvenience has been caused by the grafted ovaries in their new location.The conclusions resulting from the considerationi of this case, especially when taken in conjunction with the repor ts on this subject by other operators,2 demonstrate beyoild all doubt that autoplastic transplantation of the ovaries is a most valuable gynaecological procedure, and is a definite step forward in the conservative surgery of these organs.The simplicity of the operation, the ease and rapidity with which it can be done, the absolute assurance of success, if a few simple facts are observed,3 justifies its use beyond all doubt in suitable cases.
The Interleukin-4 Enhancer CNS-2 Is Regulated by Notch Signals and Controls Initial Expression in NKT Cells and Memory-Type CD4 T Cells
Authors: Shinya Tanaka, Jun Tsukada, Wataru Suzuki, Katsuhiko Hayashi, Kenji Tanigaki, Masayuki Tsuji, Hiromasa Inoue, Tasuku Honjo, Masato Kubo
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Role of Helicobacter pylori surface structures in bacterial interaction with macrophages.
Authors: M Chmiela, E Czkwianianc, T Wadstrom, W Rudnicka
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a marked infiltration of the gastric epithelium by neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Despite the presence of phagocytes in close vicinty to H pylori microbes a great number of people are unable to eradicate bacteria. AIMS: To investigate the involvement of multiple bacterial 9adhesins9 and some phagocytic receptors in the process of the ingestion of H pylori by macrophages. BACTERIA: H pylori strains differing in the expression of sialic acid dependent (sHA) or sialic acid independent (HA) haemagglutinin and heparan sulphate binding were selected for the study. METHODS: The uptake of fluorescein labelled H pylori bacteria by a homogenous macrophage cell line J 774A.1 was estimated in a quantitative fluorometric assay. RESULTS: The ingestion of H pylori 17874 and 25 strains expressing sHA was inhibited by the pretreatment of the bacteria with anti-sHA antibodies or fetuin as well as by treatment of the macrophages with neuraminidase. In contrast the uptake of H pylori 17875 strain expressing HA remained unchanged. The phagocytosis of all investigated bacteria was inhibited after the treatment with heparin, hyaluronic acid or vitronectin with fresh but not heat inactivated serum. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that H pylori surface compounds binding host proteins such as fetuin, heparin/haparan sulphate, hyaluronic acid, and vitronectin in the presence of complement, could allow the bacteria to avoid phagocytosis.
Different<i>TGM1</i>mutation spectra in Italian and Portuguese patients with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: evidence of founder effects in Portugal
Authors: G. Esposito, F. De Falco, I. Neri, C. Graziano, B. Toschi, L. Auricchio, C. Gouveia, A.B. Sousa, F. Salvatore
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Data S1. Methods: Patients and molecular analysis. Table S1. Mutation-associated haplotypes at the TGM1 locus in unrelated patients with lamellar ichthyosis from Portugal and North Africa. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Genomic instability and myelodysplasia with monosomy 7 consequent to EVI1 activation after gene therapy for chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Stefan Stein, Marion G Ott, Stephan Schultze-Strasser, Anna Jauch, Barbara Burwinkel, Andrea Kinner, Manfred Schmidt, Alwin Krämer, Joachim Schwäble, Hanno Glimm, Ulrike Koehl, Carolin Preiss, Claudia Ball, Hans Martin, Gudrun Göhring, Kerstin Schwarzwaelder, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann, Kadin Karakaya, Sandrine Tchatchou, Rongxi Yang, Petra Reinecke, Klaus Kühlcke, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Adrian J Thrasher, Dieter Hoelzer, Reinhard Seger, Christof von Kalle, Manuel Grez
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Closer to a compromise on the direction of environmental research.
Authors: D C VanderMeer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The Committee for the National Institute for the Environment (CNIE) was created in 1990 "to improve the scientific basis for making decisions on environmental issues," possibly through the establishment of a separate institute devoted to the environmental sciences. But while the goals proposed for the National Institute for the Environment were universally applauded, Congress was averse to adding a new agency to the federal bureaucracy. Recently, a compromise plan has been proposed that could expand the science base without having to create a new agency. On 29 July 1999, the National Science Board approved an interim report recommending an expanded program of environmental research and research planning, education, and scientific assessment with a funding target of an additional $1 billion over five years. The report stresses the importance of environmental research in formulating environmental protection programs and contains 12 recommendations intended to enhance and complement existing research activities in environmental sciences and engineering. If the National Science Foundation implements the recommendations in the report and if Congress appropriates funds for that purpose, the need for additional funding for new science activities identified by the CNIE should be satisfied.
Lectin-binding sites in eccrine sweat gland tumours
Authors: K. TAMAKI, M. FURUE, Y. SEKI, Y. INOUE, T. TSUCHIDA, K. OHARA, A. KUKITA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Lectin-binding sites in sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded eccrine sweat gland tumours were investigated using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated peanut agglutinin (PNA), FITC conjugated Ricinus communis 1 agglutinin (RCA-1) and FITC conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). In 22 benign eccrine sweat gland tumours, lectin-binding sites were noted primarily on the cell surface, and in the secretions. In five malignant sweat gland tumours, all showed cytoplasmic lectin-binding sites in variable proportions of malignant cells in addition to cell surface staining. These results indicate that cytoplasmic lectin-binding sites may be a useful marker of neoplastic transformation of eccrine sweat gland tumours.