tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 14-1972
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Robert M. Neer, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Presentation of CaseA 59-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of pain in the back and legs.She had had amenorrhea since the age of 18 years, although she denied hot flashes. Her pubic and axillary hair had been sparse when she was a young girl, and her marriage was childless. She had been well until 14 years previously, when bitemporal hemianopia developed, and x-ray films of the skull revealed enlargement of the sella turcica. A trans-sphenoidal operation disclosed a cystic chromophobe adenoma, which was partially excised. The postoperative course was complicated by enteritis due to Staphylococcus aureus . . .
Matrix Metalloproteinases Contribute Distinct Roles in Neuroendocrine Prostate Carcinogenesis, Metastasis, and Angiogenesis Progression
Authors: Laurie E. Littlepage, Mark D. Sternlicht, Nathalie Rougier, Joanna Phillips, Eugenio Gallo, Ying Yu, Kurt Williams, Audrey Brenot, Jeffrey I. Gordon, Zena Werb
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the leading form of cancer in men. Prostate tumors often contain neuroendocrine differentiation, which correlates with androgen-independent progression and poor prognosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), a family of enzymes that remodel the microenvironment, are associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. To evaluate MMPs during metastatic prostatic neuroendocrine cancer development, we used transgenic mice expressing SV40 large T antigen in their prostatic neuroendocrine cells, under the control of transcriptional regulatory elements from the mouse cryptdin-2 gene (CR2-TAg). These mice have a stereotypical pattern of tumorigenesis and metastasis. MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 activities increased concurrently with the transition to invasive metastatic carcinoma, but they were expressed in different prostatic cell types: stromal, luminal epithelium, and macrophages, respectively. CR2-TAg mice treated with AG3340/Prinomastat, an MMP inhibitor that blocks activity of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and MMP-14, had reduced tumor burden. CR2-TAg animals were crossed to mice homozygous for null alleles of MMP-2, MMP-7, or MMP-9 genes. At 24 weeks CR2-TAg; MMP-2−/− mice showed reduced tumor burden, prolonged survival, decreased lung metastasis, and decreased blood vessel density, whereas deficiencies in MMP-7 or MMP-9 did not influence tumor growth or survival. Mice deficient for MMP-7 had reduced endothelial area coverage and decreased vessel size, and mice lacking MMP-9 had increased numbers of invasive foci and increased perivascular invasion, as well as decreased tumor blood vessel size. Together, these results suggest distinct contributions by MMPs to the progression of aggressive prostate tumor and to helping tumors cleverly find alternative routes to malignant progression. Cancer Res; 70(6); 2224–34
Effect of recolonisation with "interfering" alpha streptococci on recurrences of acute and secretory otitis media in children: randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: K. Roos
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To study the effect of recolonisation with α streptococci with the ability to inhibit the growth of otopathogens ("interfering" activity) on the recurrence of acute otitis media in susceptible children and the effect on the frequency of secretory otitis media. <b>Design:</b> Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled study. <b>Setting:</b> Ear, nose, and throat clinic with three doctors. <b>Participants:</b> 130 children prone to otitis media aged between 6 months and 6 years, 108 of whom were eligible and followed for 3 months. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Recurrence of otitis media during follow up and a normal tympanic membrane at the last valid visit. <b>Interventions:</b> Children with no recurrences during the last month received phenoxymethylpenicillin (n=22), and those with a recurrence within 1 month received amoxicillin clavulanic acid (n=86), both twice daily for 10 days. These were followed by a streptococcal or placebo solution sprayed into the nose for a further 10 days. At day 60 the same spray was started for another 10 days. <b>Results:</b> At 3 months 22 children (42%) given the streptococcal spray were healthy and had a normal tympanic membrane compared with 12 (22%) of those given placebo. This difference was shown separately for recurrences of both acute otitis media and secretory otitis media. <b>Conclusions:</b> Selected bacteria with the ability to inhibit the growth of common otopathogens can be used to protect against recurrent acute otitis media and secretory otitis media in children.
The Slow Code — Should Anyone Rush to Its Defense?
Authors: Gail Gazelle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The past two decades have witnessed dramatic changes in professional values and social expectations regarding medical care and decision making at the end of life. Increased emphasis on patients' autonomy and participation have made open discussion, both in the medical and popular literature and at the bedside, the new norm. The seemingly final taboo, euthanasia, is now the topic of frank public, intellectual, and legal debate. Although Wanzer et al., in their 1989 second look at "The Physician's Responsibility toward Hopelessly Ill Patients," wrote that the "entire subject is now discussed openly,"1 there remains a practice that has received little . . .
Snuff — A Source of Pathogenic Bacteria in Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: H. P. Dygert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

CHRONIC bronchitis is a common and often major factor influencing pulmonary disability in chronic pulmonary disease. The flora is commonly "mixed," consisting of various pathogens and non-pathogens including gram-positive and negative bacteria and even fungi. A most disturbing finding in sputum culture is the presence of the enteric pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris. A previously unsuspected source of these organisms has been encountered.The discovery was made in connection with the treatment of a patient with hypertrophic emphysema and chronic bronchitis.Case ReportL.S., a 57-year-old man, was admitted to the Veterans Administration Hospital, Vancouver, Washington, on August 31, . . .
Long-Term Follow-up of Asymptomatic Healthy Subjects with Frequent and Complex Ventricular Ectopy
Authors: Harold L. Kennedy, James A. Whitlock, Michael K. Sprague, Lisa J. Kennedy, Thomas A. Buckingham, Robert J. Goldberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

From 1973 to 1983 we followed 73 asymptomatic healthy subjects who were discovered to have frequent and complex ventricular ectopy. Ventricular ectopy in these subjects was measured by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography, which showed a mean frequency of 566 ventricular ectopic beats per hour (range, 78 to 1994), with multiform ventricular ectopic beats in 63 per cent, ventricular couplets in 60 per cent, and ventricular tachycardia in 26 per cent. Asymptomatic healthy status was confirmed by extensive noninvasive cardiologic examination, although cardiac catheterization of a subsample of subjects disclosed serious coronary artery disease in 19 per cent. Follow-up for 3.0 to 9.5 years (mean, 6.5) was accomplished in 70 subjects (96 per cent) and documented one sudden death and one death from cancer. Calculation of a standardized mortality ratio (Monson's U.S. data, 8th revision) for 448 person-years of follow-up indicated that 7.4 deaths were expected, whereas 2 occurred (standardized mortality ratio, 27; P less than 0.05). A comparison of survival of the study cohort with that of persons without coronary artery disease or with mild disease, patients with moderate disease, and men with unrecognized myocardial infarction showed a favorable prognosis for the study cohort over 10 years. We conclude that the long-term prognosis in asymptomatic healthy subjects with frequent and complex ventricular ectopy is similar to that of the healthy U.S. population and suggests no increased risk of death.
Echographic Study of the Pancreas
Authors: George R. Leopold
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ALTHOUGH diagnostic ultrasound has become widely accepted for the evaluation of the abdominal aorta, renal masses, and a host of obstetrical and gynecological conditions, its use in the study of pancreatic disorders is relatively recent. While hypotonic duodenography, radionuclide imaging, retrograde pancreatography, and selective angiography have all advanced our understanding of this inaccessible organ, these studies are costly, sometimes difficult to accomplish and interpret, unsuitable for repeated determinations, and are occasionally accompanied by morbidity. Ultrasound, on the other hand, is simple to perform, carries no morbidity, and is relatively inexpensive. It is therefore the method of choice in screening patients with suspected pancreatic disease and is often helpful in deciding which, if any, of the other studies are most appropriate. Since it can be performed serially, important information regarding the evolution of pancreatic disorders can often be obtained. Although initial results have been encouraging, recent technological improvements in imaging now
Scintigraphic Findings of Renal Oncocytoma
Authors: GEORGE LARCOS, BRIAN P. MULLAN, LEE A. FORSTROM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Tc-99m DTPA scintigraphy of most renal tumors characteristically discloses a vascular mass, without retention of activity on serial images. Two cases, encountered during hypertensive work-up, are presented with vascular renal masses and persistent DTPA uptake. Oncocytoma was confirmed pathologically in both cases. The authors conclude that renal oncocytomas have a relatively distinctive scintigraphic appearance, which may permit accurate preoperative diagnosis.
Obama promises to fix troubled health insurance exchange website
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

US President Barack Obama has said that his administration is “doing everything we can possibly do” to tackle the problems plaguing the federal health insurance exchange website, where Americans in 36 states can sign up for health insurance under the Affordable Care Act.

“Nobody is madder than me about the fact that the website isn’t working as well as it should, which means it’s going to get fixed,” Obama said on Monday in a Rose Garden speech called to address concerns about the website’s rollout.

The exchanges are supposed to provide an online marketplace where individuals, families, and small businesses can easily shop for a variety of health plans and learn whether they qualify for …
THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON THE ORGANS OF SPECIAL SENSE.
Authors: J. W. GROSVENOR
Journal: JAMA (1896)

No extended argument is needed to demonstrate the effect on the organs of special sense<sup>1</sup>of alcohol in large quantities, sufficiently large to destroy temporarily the functions of these organs. Any person in the condition in which he may be properly called "dead drunk" is completely narcotized. His entire nervous system is paralyzed. He may have taken a half pint or a pint of whisky or brandy. Either of these amounts is a large quantity, the former for a child, the latter for an adult. The person overcome by a complete alcoholic stupor has lost for the time being the functions of the special senses. Speak in stentorian voice to the victim of such a condition and he gives no sign of the existence of the sense of hearing; expose his eyeballs to a bright light and the pupils give no response to indicate the presence of vision; prick
Determination of the structural basis for selective binding of Epstein-Barr virus to human complement receptor type 2.
Authors: D R Martin, A Yuryev, K R Kalli, D T Fearon, J M Ahearn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic herpesvirus that selectively infects and immortalizes human B lymphocytes. One determinant of this narrow tropism is human CR2, the only viral receptor within the superfamily of proteins that contain short consensus repeats (SCRs). Human CR2 serves as a receptor for both C3dg and the gp350/220 glycoprotein of EBV, and binds the monoclonal antibody (mAb) OKB7, which blocks binding of both ligands to the receptor. In contrast, although murine CR2 is capable of binding human C3dg and this interaction can be blocked with the mAb 7G6, it does not bind OKB7 or EBV. We have determined the structural basis for absolute specificity of EBV for human CR2 through characterization of a panel of 24 human-murine chimeric receptors, all of which bind human C3dg. The results indicate that preferential binding of EBV to human CR2 is not due to unique amino acids that are capable of binding the virus, but reflects a distinct receptor conformation that can be achieved in murine CR2 with single amino acid substitutions in two discontinuous regions of the primary structure: replacement of proline at position 15 with the corresponding serine from human CR2, and elimination of a potential N-linked glycosylation site between SCR-1 and SCR-2. Furthermore, species-specific binding of EBV, OKB7, and 7G6 can all be manipulated through substitutions among residues 8-15, suggesting that this octapeptide is part of a structural determinant that is critical for binding of both viral and natural ligands to CR2.
Abstract 5496: Cetuximab induces synthetic lethality with the poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor ABT-888 in head and neck cancer
Authors: Alexander C. Whitley, Somaira Nowsheen, Hoa Trummell, Albert LoBuglio, James A. Bonner, Eddy S. Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Overexpression/amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a hallmark of head and neck cancers and confers increased resistance and inferior survival rates. Despite targeted agents against EGFR, such as cetuximab, almost half of treated patients fail this therapy. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have gained recent attention due to their unique selectivity in killing homologous recombination (HR)-deficient tumors while maintaining minimal toxicity in normal tissues. As EGFR inhibition has been reported to alter cellular DNA repair capacity, we investigated whether cetuximab could induce a transient DNA repair deficit and subsequently induce a synthetic lethality with the PARPi ABT-888 in head and neck cancer cells. Methods: The head and neck cancer cell lines UM-SCC1, UM-SCC6, and FaDu were used in this study. Kinetics of DNA damage and repair were assessed by immunofluorescence staining of cells for γ-H2AX, Rad51, and DNA-Pk foci at various time points following irradiation (IR). Cell viability was determined via the ATPlite as well as colony formation assays. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V staining as well as cleaved caspase 3 and 9 levels. Cell cycle analysis was performed via flow cytometry. Results: Cetuximab increases γ-H2AX foci, which are well established markers of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), in head and neck tumor cells. This coincides with reduced DSB-repair as indicated by attenuation of IR-induced Rad51 and DNA-Pk foci, which are well characterized in situ markers of the homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathways, respectively. Importantly, cetuximab induces synthetic lethality with the PARPi ABT-888 through a mechanism involving persistent DNA damage and subsequent activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The observed effects are not due to cell cycle redistribution. Conclusions: By generating a DSB repair deficiency, cetuximab can render head and neck tumor cells susceptible to PARP inhibition. The combination of cetuximab and the PARPi ABT-888 can thus be an innovative treatment strategy to enhance therapeutic ratio and improve outcomes in head and neck cancer patients. Furthermore, this strategy may also be feasible for other EGFR overexpressing tumors, including lung and brain cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5496. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5496
Periodic Microcirculatory Flow in Patients with Sickle-Cell Disease
Authors: Griffin P. Rodgers, Alan N. Schechter, Constance T. Noguchi, Harvey G. Klein, Arthur W. Nienhuis, Robert F. Bonner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We have applied the technique of laser-Doppler velocimetry to compare patterns of cutaneous blood flow in the forearms of patients with stable sickle-cell disease, with the patterns in normal subjects matched for age, race, and sex, and in patients with anemia due to beta+-thalassemia. The mean resting blood flow in the patients with sickle-cell disease was comparable to that of the control groups but was associated with large, local oscillations in flow with periods of 7 to 10 seconds and peak-to-trough magnitudes about half the mean flow. Oscillations occurred simultaneously at sites separated by 1 cm but were independent in phase and frequency. Since these laser-Doppler measurements represent the average flow pattern in about 1 mm3 of skin (i.e., in approximately 50 to 70 capillary loops), these results suggest that microcirculatory flow in patients with sickle-cell disease proceeds by synchronization of rhythmic flow in large domains of microvessels. These findings indicate that periodic flow may be a compensatory mechanism to offset the deleterious altered rheology of erythrocytes containing polymerized hemoglobin S, and suggest that laser-Doppler velocimetry may be a useful method to investigate microvascular physiology in patients with sickle-cell disease.
EVIDENCE FOR A LETHAL ENDOTOXEMIA AS THE FUNDAMENTAL FEATURE OF IRREVERSIBILITY IN THREE TYPES OF TRAUMATIC SHOCK
Authors: F. B. Schweinburg, J. Fine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

The data here reported (Table I) show that a toxin is present in the blood of animals with two types of irreversible hypovolemic shock. These data also show that although blood volume therapy does not correct the hypovolemia because of continuing loss of plasma at the site of injury, the major factor in the progressive decline and death is the endotoxemia rather than the hypovolemia. This is also true of severe and prolonged hemorrhagic shock that is irreversible to transfusion. The data also show that even when there is bacterial activity at the site of injury, the pool of endotoxin in the intestine is the chief source of the circulating endotoxin. In all three types of shock, the endotoxemia develops because persisting hypovolemic shock renders the RE system unable to destroy the endotoxin. The demonstration of an endotoxemia as the cause of irreversibility and death in three types of traumatic shock caused by three different agents suggests that a single pathophysiological mechanism accounts for the phenomenon of irreversibility in all types of traumatic shock.
On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ
Authors: G. Steven Bailes
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am writing in regard to the article on the death of Christ appearing in the March 21, 1986, issue of<i>JAMA</i>.<sup>1</sup>What an interesting article this was! My congratulations to the authors who spent so much time and effort on this article. I want to make several important points regarding the conclusions about the death of Jesus. They mentioned the account given in the Gospel of Matthew 27:50, where it says "Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost." I think it is important to look at the original Greek text surrounding the word that was translated as "yielded." The original Greek word was<i>aphiemi</i>. This word is used not only in the scripture but in a variety of literature from that period. When used with a personal object this word is translated as "to send forth, to send
Water Disinfection: Microbes versus Molecules. An Introduction of Issues
Authors: John R. Fowle, Frederick C. Kopfler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

"Water is, apart from the air one breathes, the only nutrient which is, as a matter of necessity, consumed by every human being from the first day to the last day of his existence, and it is consumed in considerably larger quantities than any other nutritional substance."(1)
Adult Still's Disease Complicated by Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was delighted to read Dr Jamieson's report of adult Still's disease complicated by cardiac tamponade for both personal and scientific reasons. Still's disease had been my earliest interest<sup>2</sup>and pericardial disease has been a continuing interest.<sup>3</sup>In the usual (juvenile) Still's disease, pericarditis with effusions and pericardial adhesions have long been known.<sup>1</sup>I believe that Dr Jamieson is correct in considering tamponade rare. (Perhaps intercurrent viral or other pericarditis may have been the cause or a precipitant in some cases.) Examining Fig 2 of this excellent report, I note what appears to be a large left pleural effusion, probably larger than any right pleural effusion; would the author care to comment on this? This is consistent with our recent report of the remarkable prevalence of left pleural effusions in patients with both effusive and "dry" pericardial disease.<sup>4</sup>
Arterial blood pressure changes induced by acceleration during mobile intensive care unit patient transport are not patient related: beware of misinterpretation
Authors: Joep M. Droogh, Laurens Reinke, Gert Jan Snel, Brian Mouthaan, Michel M. R. F. Struys, Jack J. M. Ligtenberg, Frederik Keus, Jan G. Zijlstra
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
ELEVATED LIPOPROTEIN(A) IS ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE OUTCOME IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH SYMPTOMATIC CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Sung Woo Kwon, Young Won Yoon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Kim jong-youn, Eui-Young Choi, Bum-Kee Hong, Se-Joong Rim, Hyuck Moon Kwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Urinary bladder cancer in Wegener's granulomatosis: is it more than cyclophosphamide?
Authors: B Hellmich, I Kausch, C Doehn, D Jocham, K Holl-Ulrich, W L Gross
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Development of tumours of the urinary tract is not necessarily caused by cyclophosphamide alone

In this issue of the Annals Knight and coworkers from Sweden report some interesting data on the incidence of urinary bladder cancer in patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) which, in contrast with previous reports from single or multicentre cohorts, are derived from a population based, nationwide inpatient register.1 The data of that study confirm the increased risk of bladder cancer in patients with WG after exposure to cyclophosphamide, but the results also indicate that there might be an increased risk for bladder cancer even before the onset of WG.1 Within a cohort of 1065 patients with WG eight patients had a diagnosis of bladder cancer before WG was diagnosed. Although not statistically significant, the increased incidence of bladder cancer seen before the onset of WG resulted in a relative risk of 2.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6 to 3.6) compared with the expected prevalence of bladder cancer in Sweden.

These epidemiological data confirm an earlier report from our group from 1999, showing a relation of WG to tumours of the urinary tract for the first time in 1999.2 In that study we reported a significantly higher incidence of renal cell carcinoma in a single centre cohort of 477 patients with WG, resulting in an odds ratio of 8.73 (95% CI 0.92 to 3.48; p<0.05).2 Interestingly, five out of seven patients developed WG and renal cell carcinoma simultaneously, whereas this temporal association was not found in any of the control patients with renal cell carcinoma and rheumatoid arthritis.2 This temporal association of the incidence of cancer and onset of WG is now confirmed by the study of Knight and coworkers.1 In the majority of their patients WG was diagnosed a relatively …