tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
This U. S. A.: An Unexpected Family Portrait of 194,067,296 Americans Drawn from the Census
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Since large masses of statistics are usually dull, and the US Census compiles an exceptionally large mass, we might expect that a book about the census would be extremely dull. Instead, this book by Wattenberg, a journalist, writing in collaboration with Scammon, a social scientist and former director of the census, is fascinating. In a light, easy-to-read style, with occasional touches of humor, the authors present significant facts and some interpretations. Much of the material is familiar— population expansion, rising income and living standards, increasing educational level—but much is unexpected. For example, everyone has heard about the growing proportion of the elderly in the population (people over 65 were 2.5% in 1850, 9.2% in 1960) but did you realize that the figures show this trend will not continue? The present high percentage is due largely to heavy immigration before World War I, mostly young people, now elderly. Again, there is
Human Botfly Infestation in the United States
Authors: Harry D. L. Kaye, Richard P. Higgins
Journal: JAMA (1964)

OCCURRENCE of the human botfly,<i>Dermatobia hominis</i>, has been unknown in the United States according to the files of the Entomology Department of the US Department of Agriculture and the Florida State Board of Health.<sup>1-3</sup>This curious fly has a very interesting history.<sup>1,4</sup>The female glues its eggs to other Diptera which it captures, gauging the weight of the eggs according to the strength of the carrier. These carriers include stable and house flies, and mosquitoes or ticks. The larva hatches and leaves its egg when the carrier is in contact with the host, making its entry into the subcutaneous tissue through a puncture made by the carrier, a hair follicle, or a macerated area from contact. Each larva makes a separate abscess-like lesion with drainage which occurs in the wound. The adult is a 12-mm, powerful-appearing fly, resembling a bluebottle fly, with a yellow head, dull blue-grey
Nitric oxide and endotoxin shock
Authors: J MEYER, D L TRABER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Nitric oxide and endotoxin shock Get access J MEYER, J MEYER Burns Institute, Shriners Hospitals [or Crippled Children, Galveston Unit, Texas Avenue, Galveston, USA, TX 77550-2788 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D L TRABER D L TRABER Burns Institute, Shriners Hospitals [or Crippled Children, Galveston Unit, Texas Avenue, Galveston, USA, TX 77550-2788 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 5, May 1992, Page 558, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.5.558 Published: 01 May 1992
Differential expression of Ia molecules by human monocytes.
Authors: T A Gonwa, J D Stobo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Human immune response genes can be divided into three distinct loci, each of which codes for three distinct families of Ia molecules: HLA-SB, HLA-DC, and HLA-DR. The tissue distribution and function of only one of these Ia molecules, HLA-DR, has been thoroughly studied. Using monoclonal antibodies, we examined the display of HLA-DR and HLA-DC molecules by adherent, human peripheral blood monocytes. The results of these studies demonstrate that although all human peripheral blood monocytes display easily detectable HLA-DR molecules, only 50% display easily detectable HLA-DC molecules. Separation of peripheral blood monocytes into HLA-DC+ and HLA-DC- cells demonstrates that each population displays an equivalent density of HLA-DR molecules. Therefore, on the basis of differences in their display of these two Ia molecules, adherent peripheral blood monocytes can be divided into two broad populations: HLA-DR+, HLA-DC+, and HLA-DR+, HLA-DC-. Despite the dis-coordinate display of these Ia antigens, the expression of both HLA-DR and HLA-DC can be regulated by a common signal, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). Incubation of monocytes for 96 h in autologous serum leads to a marked decrease in the expression of both HLA-DR and HLA-DC. Addition of recombinant IFN-gamma to the cultures leads to reexpression of both HLA-DR and HLA-DC to levels comparable to those seen in fresh monocytes. In addition, although IFN-gamma does not modulate all monocyte surface markers, it can be demonstrated to modulate expression of one marker, MAC 120, in a manner similar to that observed for Ia antigens. These studies demonstrate that among human peripheral blood monocytes, the distribution of the Ia molecule, HLA-DC, is not coordinate with that of HLA-DR, although both respond to the same regulatory signal.
THE BEHAVIOR OF HAPTEN-POLY-<scp>L</scp>-LYSINE CONJUGATES AS COMPLETE ANTIGENS IN GENETIC RESPONDER AND AS HAPTENS IN NONRESPONDER GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Ira Green, William E. Paul, Baruj Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

30 to 40% of Hartley strain guinea pigs have previously been demonstrated to possess a dominant autosomal gene which enables them to recognize the antigenicity of hapten-poly-L-lysine conjugates as expressed by the development of both antihapten antibodies and delayed hypersensitivity to the immunizing antigen. In the present study, it was shown that PLL alone was weakly antigenic in such genetic responder animals. Immunization with DNP-PLL electrostatically combined with foreign albumins elicits the production of anti-DNP antibodies in all Hartley strain guinea pigs, although the percentage of animals demonstrating a delayed response to DNP-PLL and therefore considered genetic responders remains 30 to 40%. Immunization with nonantigenic polyanions combined with DNP-PLL does not produce such an effect. Some degree of PLL specificity of purified anti-DNP antibodies produced by genetic nonresponder animals by immunization with DNP-PLL combined with foreign albumins was demonstrated by means of fluorescence quenching.
PLGA nanoparticles and nanosuspensions with amphotericin B: Potent in vitro and in vivo alternatives to Fungizone and AmBisome
Authors: H. Van de Ven, C. Paulussen, P.B. Feijens, A. Matheeussen, P. Rombaut, P. Kayaert, G. Van den Mooter, W. Weyenberg, P. Cos, L. Maes, A. Ludwig
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
THE SPARING EFFECT OF CANINE DISTEMPER ON POLIOMYELITIS IN MACACA MULATTA
Authors: Gilbert Dalldorf, Margaret Douglass, H. E. Robinson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

1. Rhesus monkeys inoculated with canine distemper are relatively or completely immune to experimental poliomyelitis during the first 2 weeks of the distemper. 2. Monkeys convalescent from distemper are not resistant to experimental poliomyelitis. 3. Two monkeys vaccinated with distemper virus responded to poliomyelitis in a modified manner. 4. Distemper antiserum did not influence the course of experimental poliomyelitis in rhesus monkeys. 5. Equine encephalomyelitis and vaccinia encephalitis showed no sparing effect on the course of experimental poliomyelitis. 6. The concurrence of distemper and poliomyelitis in monkeys seems to represent a new immunity mechanism in the virus field.
Glucose and diabetes: Effects on podocyte and glomerular p38MAPK, heat shock protein 25, and actin cytoskeleton
Authors: T. Dai, R. Natarajan, C.C. Nast, J. LaPage, P. Chuang, J. Sim, L. Tong, M. Chamberlin, S. Wang, S.G. Adler
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Recovery of Herpes Simplex Virus from Human Sacral Ganglions
Authors: J. Richard Baringer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

HERPES simplex virus is well known for its propensity to cause recurrent oral or genital mucosal infections in man. A variety of clinical observations have suggested that in the interval between overt infections, the virus may reside in neural tissue.1 These circumstances include the frequent occurrence of numbness or tingling before the mucosal eruption, the reliable provocation of oral lesions by surgical manipulation of the trigeminal sensory root,2 and the absence of such lesions in areas previously denervated by section of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve.3 Recently, the virus has been recovered from trigeminal ganglions of unselected . . .
HIV-Infected Health Care Workers: Risk to Patients
Authors: Jack W. Shields
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The look-back studies on clients of two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1—positive surgeons<sup>1,2</sup>and one dentist<sup>3</sup>published in<i>JAMA</i>revealed no statistical evidence to confirm transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) during invasive operative procedures wherein universal precautions were heeded. The Editorial<sup>4</sup>suggested hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission to clients tends to occur in unexplained clusters. Although transmission risks seem low, most clients don't consider themselves statistics. Many would like to know how a Florida dentist with AIDS, although contemporarily compliant with recommended precautions, actually infected a cluster of six office clients with his own DNA-fingerprinted strain of proviral DNA during the 2 years prior to his retirement (May 31, 1990) and death resulting from AIDS (September 3, 1990).<sup>5</sup> The only invasive procedure common to all his HIV-infected clients was use of a standard cartridge-aspirating syringe (CAS) for giving
TAG-1–assisted progenitor elongation streamlines nuclear migration to optimize subapical crowding
Authors: Mayumi Okamoto, Takashi Namba, Tomoyasu Shinoda, Takefumi Kondo, Tadashi Watanabe, Yasuhiro Inoue, Kosei Takeuchi, Yukiko Enomoto, Kumiko Ota, Kanako Oda, Yoshino Wada, Ken Sagou, Kanako Saito, Akira Sakakibara, Ayano Kawaguchi, Kazunori Nakajima, Taiji Adachi, Toshihiko Fujimori, Masahiro Ueda, Shigeo Hayashi, Kozo Kaibuchi, Takaki Miyata
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
IL-11 is a parietal cell cytokine that induces atrophic gastritis
Authors: Meegan Howlett, Heather V Chalinor, Jon N Buzzelli, Nhung Nguyen, Ian R van Driel, Katrina M Bell, James G Fox, Eva Dimitriadis, Trevelyan R Menheniott, Andrew S Giraud, Louise M Judd
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Background and Aims</h3> IL-is important in gastric damage, mucosal repair and gastric cancer progression. We analysed IL-11 expression in <i>H.pylori</i> infected mouse stomach, the site of gastric IL-11 expression in mice and humans, and the effect of exogenous IL-11 on gastric mucosal homeostasis. <h3>Methods</h3> IL-11 protein was localised in mouse and human stomach. The impact of chronic, exogenous IL-11 on normal mouse stomach was examined histologically and transcriptionally by microarray, confirmed by mRNA and protein analysis. Functional impact of IL-11 on gastric acid secretion was determined. <h3>Results</h3> In mice infected with <i>H.pylori</i>, IL-11 was increased in fundic mucosa with temporal expression similar to IL-1b. IL-11 protein was localised predominantly to parietal cells in mouse and human stomach. Application of exogenous IL-11 to resulted in fundic parietal and chief cell loss, hyperplasia, mucous cell metaplasia and inflammation. Coincident with cellular changes were an increased gastric pH, altered parietal cell ultrastructure and altered gene expression, particularly genes involved in immune response and ion transport which could result in compromised acid secretion. We confirmed that a single dose of IL-11 effectively ablated the gastric response to histamine. <h3>Conclusions</h3> IL-11 is a parietal cell cytokine that blocks gastric acid secretion, likely via reducing expression of parietal cell ion transport genes, CCKb and histamine H2 receptors. IL-11 expression is increased in <i>H. pylori</i> infected mouse stomach and treatment of wild type mice with IL-11 induced changes in the gastric fundic mucosa reminiscent of chronic atrophic gastritis, a precursor to gastric cancer.
Detection of colorectal carcinoma by emission-computerized tomography after injection of 123I-labeled Fab or F(ab')2 fragments from monoclonal anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies.
Authors: B Delaloye, A Bischof-Delaloye, F Buchegger, V von Fliedner, J P Grob, J C Volant, J Pettavel, J P Mach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

This clinical study was based on experimental results obtained in nude mice grafted with human colon carcinoma, showing that injected 131I-labeled F(ab')2 and Fab fragments from high affinity anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibodies (MAb) gave markedly higher ratios of tumor to normal tissue localization than intact MAb. 31 patients with known colorectal carcinoma, including 10 primary tumors, 13 local tumor recurrences, and 21 metastatic involvements, were injected with 123I-labeled F(ab')2 (n = 14) or Fab (n = 17) fragments from MAb anti-CEA. The patients were examined by emission-computerized tomography (ECT) at 6, 24, and sometimes 48 h after injection using a rotating dual head scintillation camera. All 23 primary tumors and local recurrences except one were clearly visualized on at least two sections of different tomographic planes. Interestingly, nine of these patients had almost normal circulating CEA levels, and three of the visualized tumors weighed only 3-5 g. Among 19 known metastatic tumor involvements, 14 were correctly localized by ECT. Two additional liver and several bone metastases were discovered by immunoscintigraphy. Altogether, 86% of the tumor sites were detected, 82% with F(ab')2 and 89% with Fab fragments. The contrast of the tumor images obtained with Fab fragments suggests that this improved method of immunoscintigraphy has the potential to detect early tumor recurrences and thus to increase the survival of patients. The results of this retrospective study, however, should be confirmed in a prospective study before this method can be recommended for the routine diagnosis of cancer.
The effects of 8-arm-PEG-catechol/heparin shielding system and immunosuppressive drug, FK506 on the survival of intraportally allotransplanted islets
Authors: Bok-Hyeon Im, Jee-Heon Jeong, Muhammad R. Haque, Dong Yun Lee, Cheol-Hee Ahn, Ju Eun Kim, Youngro Byun
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Some Thoughts on the Causation of Chronic Disease
Authors: Ernest L. Wynder
Journal: JAMA (1961)

SINCE the dramatic decline in the mortality of infectious diseases, increasing attention has been focused on degenerative and neoplastic diseases as the major causes of death. In considering causation of degenerative and neoplastic conditions the need for definite proof is of paramount importance. For the purpose of brevity, these noninfectious diseases will be referred to as chronic diseases, though it is apparent that some infectious diseases may also be chronic, and some neoplastic diseases may have an acute course. In contrast to infectious diseases, chronic diseases are not likely to be due to one specific factor, but rather are a result of multiple factors usually operating over a long period of time. Bacterial diseases, of course, also may have multiple causes, but there is one necessary etiologic agent. There is no evidence, however, as yet that this type of relationship applies to any of the chronic diseases studied. One must,
THYMUS OF NEW-BORN AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO THE OBSTETRICIAN
Authors: REUBEN PETERSON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Investigations on the thymus of the new-born, as presented in this communication, were undertaken with the idea of solving certain problems connected with the thymus, of paramount importance to the obstetrician. The latter has charge of the new-born infant for at least two weeks following delivery. After the mother is up and about, he may, if he chooses, turn the infant over to the pediatrician. However, during this interval, with very few exceptions, the welfare of the new-born infant is his responsibility, and cannot be shifted. He must ever be on the alert to detect in the new-born infant signs of thymic disturbance. Ignorance or carelessness in this regard will no longer be excused, since it is becoming a part of common knowledge that babies often die from some disturbance of this gland. Then, too, in this day and age of preventive medicine, the welfare of the child is quite
1144-128 Calmodulin kinase activity links green fluorescent protein overexpression to a cardiomyopathic phenotype
Authors: Michelle S Khoo, Rong Zhang, Chad E Grueter, Gemin Ni, Martha A Bass, Corrie Painter, Mesut Eren, Jinying Yang, Ernest C Madu, Lisa A Mendes, Douglas E Vaughan, Roger J Colbran, Mark E Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Pathogenesis of Peptic Ulcer and Implications for Therapy
Authors: Jeffrey S. Flier, Lisa H. Underhill, Andrew H. Soll
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

ALTHOUGH several features of peptic ulcer disease have been elucidated over the past few years, new questions have replaced those that have been answered. Some of the factors that may predispose people to the development of peptic ulcers have been identified, but how they produce their effects and how they can be combated therapeutically remain unclear. This seminar briefly reviews current knowledge about the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers and discusses strategies for treatment.Defense of Normal Mucosa against Acid and Peptic InjuryThree basic levels of defense underlie the remarkable ability of normal gastroduodenal mucosa to resist injury from the . . .
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Surgical, Angioplasty, or Medical Therapeutics for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ricardo D'Oliveira Vieira, Whady Hueb, Mark Hlatky, Desiderio Favarato, Paulo Cury Rezende, Cibele Larrosa Garzillo, Eduardo Gomes Lima, Paulo Rogério Soares, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre Costa Pereira, José Antonio Franchini Ramires, Roberto Kalil Filho
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— The Second Medicine, Angioplasty, or Surgery Study (MASS II) included patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and normal systolic ventricular function. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG, n=203), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, n=205), or medical treatment alone (MT, n=203). This investigation compares the economic outcome at 5-year follow-up of the 3 therapeutic strategies. Methods and Results— We analyzed cumulative costs during a 5-year follow-up period. To analyze the cost-effectiveness, adjustment was made on the cumulative costs for average event-free time and angina-free proportion. Respectively, for event-free survival and event plus angina-free survival, MT presented 3.79 quality-adjusted life-years and 2.07 quality-adjusted life-years; PCI presented 3.59 and 2.77 quality-adjusted life-years; and CABG demonstrated 4.4 and 2.81 quality-adjusted life-years. The event-free costs were $9071.00 for MT; $19 967.00 for PCI; and $18 263.00 for CABG. The paired comparison of the event-free costs showed that there was a significant difference favoring MT versus PCI ( P &lt;0.01) and versus CABG ( P &lt;0.01) and CABG versus PCI ( P =0.01). The event-free plus angina-free costs were $16 553.00, $25 831.00, and $24 614.00, respectively. The paired comparison of the event-free plus angina-free costs showed that there was a significant difference favoring MT versus PCI ( P =0.04), and versus CABG ( P &lt;0.001); there was no difference between CABG and PCI ( P &gt;0.05). Conclusions— In the long-term economic analysis, for the prevention of a composite primary end point, MT was more cost effective than CABG, and CABG was more cost-effective than PCI. Clinical Trial Registration Information— www.controlled-trials.com . Registration number: ISRCTN66068876.
Age at Menarche and Risks of Coronary Heart and Other Vascular Diseases in a Large UK Cohort
Authors: Dexter Canoy, Valerie Beral, Angela Balkwill, F. Lucy Wright, Mary E. Kroll, Gillian K. Reeves, Jane Green, Benjamin J. Cairns
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Early menarche has been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but most studies were relatively small and could not assess risk across a wide range of menarcheal ages; few have examined associations with other vascular diseases. We examined CHD, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertensive disease risks by age at menarche in a large prospective study of UK women. Methods and Results— In 1.2 million women (mean±SD age, 56±5 years) without previous heart disease, stroke, or cancer, menarcheal age was reported to be 13 years by 25%, ≤10 years by 4%, and ≥17 years by 1%. After 11.6 years of follow-up, 73 378 women had first hospitalization for or death from CHD, 25 426 from cerebrovascular disease, and 249 426 from hypertensive disease. Using Cox regression, we calculated relative risks for each vascular outcome by single year of menarcheal age. The relationship was U-shaped for CHD. Compared with women with menarche at 13 years, the adjusted relative risk for CHD for menarche at ≤10 years of age was 1.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.22–1.31; P &lt;0.0001) and for menarche at ≥17 years of age was 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.30; P &lt;0.0001). U-shaped relationships were also seen for cerebrovascular and hypertensive disease, although the magnitudes of these risks for early and late menarche were smaller than those for CHD. Conclusions— In this cohort, the relation of age at menarche to vascular disease risk was U shaped, with both early and late menarche being associated with increased risk. Associations were weaker for cerebrovascular and hypertensive disease than for CHD.
Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis and its effects on asthma
Authors: S. Ragab, G. K. Scadding, V. J. Lund, H. Saleh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The effects of rhinosinusitis treatment upon asthma are disputed. The first randomised prospective study of surgical compared with medical therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis in 90 patients with and without nasal polyps was previously reported. Asthma symptoms, control, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ), peak flow, exhaled nitric oxide, medication use and hospitalisation at 6 and 12 months from the start of the study were also monitored. This paper reports these results in 43 of those patients with concomitant asthma. Both medical and surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis were associated with subjective and objective improvements in asthma. Overall asthma control improved significantly following both treatment modalities, but was better maintained after medical therapy, where improvement could also be demonstrated in the subgroup with nasal polyps. Medicine was superior to surgery with respect to a decrease in exhaled nitric oxide and increase in FEV 1 in the polyp patients. Two patients noted worsening of asthma post-operatively. Improvement in upper airway symptoms, as assessed using a visual analogue scale, correlated with improvement in asthma symptoms and control. Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis, medical or surgical, benefits concomitant asthma; that associated with nasal polyposis benefits more from medical therapy.
Phthirus pubis Infestation of the Eyelashes
Authors: Melvin H. Kirschner
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> <i>Phthirus pubis</i>, the crab louse, has long been known as an infester of the pubic hair. It also occasionally has been found to infest the eyelashes. In this era of sexual freedom, it is not surprising to see infestations of the eyelashes in the adult. However, eyelash infestation in the child is uncommon. Recently, I examined a 6-year-old boy for the problem of recurring "conjunctivitis," which had been treated in the past with Neosporin ophthalmic ointment (a combination of polymyxin B sulfate, neomycin sulfate, and bacitracin zinc), with only partial success. I became suspicious when examination disclosed only a fairly severe blepharitis without any conjunctival inflammation. On questioning, the child also denied purulent drainage and stickiness of the eyelids in the morning after arising from sleep. I suspected that I was dealing with<i>P pubis</i>infestation, but my 55-year-old eyes required that I don a pair of