tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IRRADIATION IN DENTAL ROOT ABSCESS
Authors: M. L. Rhein
Journal: JAMA (1924)

To the Editor:  —The communication of Dr. Bloodgood (The Journal, June 7) on Irradiation as a Possible Treatment of the Dental Root Abscess was misleading in regard to the pathology, symptomatology and diagnosis of the tissues involved. Dr. Ivy, in his communication, clearly stated the symptomatology and pathology of the subject involved. The reduction of edema and cessation of pain, together with absence of macroscopic symptoms, does not mean that the infected area is cured. This type of case represents the most dangerous pathologic condition that we find in the dental tissues. It is the only infected area that can be justly called a dental focus of infection. We have in these cases an infection of very low grade of virulence, on which account no suppuration exists, and where the infected area has no drainage. The toxins are being constantly absorbed, and it is the one type of infection which
Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Authors: Frederick G. Berlinger
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This new textbook is a well-written and easily understood reference book of nearly 1800 text pages. The authors have attempted to cover the entire field of clinical endocrinology and metabolism with emphasis on the practical aspects of clinical medicine, including pathology, diagnoses, and therapy. It is geared for both the specialist and the primary care physician, and yet it does not skimp on basic science and theoretical aspects of this most academic specialty. This latter point is especially evident in the first section of the book, "General Principles of Endocrinology," which covers such areas as "Are All Cells Endocrine?" "Hormonal Action," "Endocrine Rhythms," "Exercise: Endocrine and Metabolic Effects," and other practical subjects that embrace both the basic science and the practical aspects of the practice of endocrinology and metabolism. Each of the following 15 chapters has introductions that are terse and to the point, followed by detailed discussions of various
"Colomycin"--Laboratory and Clinical Investigations
Authors: G. Taylor, H. Allison
Journal: BMJ (1962)

24-hour period.The tubular reabsorption of solute-free water for the six days of therapy was calculated to be 315 ml./24 hours.Sodium excretion decreased from an average control value of 78 mEq/24 hours to 11 mEq on the sixth day of diazoxide therapy.The administration of diazoxide had no apparent effect on endogenous creatinine clearance, indicating that the fluid retention was not due to a reduced glomerular filtration rate.Blood-pressure fell from an average of 156/105 mm.Hg during the control period to 128/88 mm.Hg by the third day of therapy.
If I'm in JAMA, Is This Heaven? Obituary Disputed-Reply
Authors: George A. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  To err is human. A comforting thought, but it is no less embarrassing when human error leads to misinformation concerning physicians, particularly misinformation on physician deaths. Despite elaborate procedures in place in the AMA Department of Physician Biographic Records for verifying reports of physician deaths (eg, use of national news clipping services, receipt of death certificates, confirmation letters to a relative or friend), a few individuals, out of some 4000 physicians reported each year to JAMA as deceased, have been reported in error, and obituaries have been published naming individuals who remain very much alive.  Although red faced, we are thankful to those few physicians in question who, no doubt encouraged to find themselves alive, have been gracious in pointing out our blunder. Their understanding is an indication of the trust physicians have in the AMA and its record-keeping activities. It is up to the staff to
Ewing's Sarcoma and the ”Peanut” Tumors
Authors: Cynthia S. Kretschmar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The application of molecular biology to the treatment of patients with cancer took root in pediatric oncology with the landmark demonstration of the association of amplification of the N-myc oncogene with a poor prognosis in children with neuroblastoma1. Today, amplification of N-myc and the amount of DNA in tumor cells are factors that can determine the intensity of therapy for neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma belongs to a family of primitive small-round-cell tumors, which often cause diagnostic difficulties because of their homogeneous appearance on light microscopy and their frequent lack of organ specificity. Any of these tumors can be hidden in the . . .
High contribution contrast between the genes of eosinophil peroxidase and IL-4 receptor α-chain in Japanese cedar pollinosis
Authors: Hiroyuki Nakamura, Kiyoshi Miyagawa, Keiki Ogino, Tomohiko Endo, Toru Imai, Kotaro Ozasa, Yutaka Motohashi, Ichiyo Matsuzaki, Shinichiro Sasahara, Kotaro Hatta, Akira Eboshida
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Going for gold
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The UK government has been taking the opportunity of the Olympics to boost a few grand ideas. On the last day of the Olympics, for example, the prime minister will host a high level summit on global nutrition and food security (doi:10.1136/bmj.e5335), a subject that the BMJ plans to return to over the next few months. In the meantime, at the Global Health Policy Summit last week, which aimed to boost innovation in health policy, the prime minister repeated his promise to harness “the incredible data collected by the NHS” (about all of us), which he hopes will make the UK the best place in the world to conduct research (doi:10.1136/bmj.e5285). …
High serum levels of procalcitonin and soluble TREM-1 correlated with poor prognosis in pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Chun-Ta Huang, Li-Na Lee, Chao-Chi Ho, Chin-Chung Shu, Sheng-Yuan Ruan, Yi-Ju Tsai, Jann-Yuan Wang, Chong-Jen Yu
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)

ObjectivesComparisons of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) would expand our knowledge of which biomarker is the best predictor for outcomes of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 243 PTB patients, in whom PCT, CRP, and sTREM-1 measurement were performed to evaluate their prognostic value for 6-month mortality.ResultsSerum PCT, CRP, and sTREM-1 levels on diagnosis of PTB were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (2.22 ± 6.22 vs. 0.13 ± 0.31 ng/mL, P = 0.043; 42.1 ± 59.4 vs. 12.5 ± 29.1 mg/L, P = 0.004; 332 ± 362 vs. 128 ± 98 pg/mL, P = 0.001, respectively) as compared with 6-month survivors. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, PCT ≧0.5 ng/mL (hazard ratio 4.13, 95% CI, 1.99–8.58) and sTREM-1 ≧129 pg/mL (hazard ratio 3.39, 95% CI, 1.52–7.58) remained independent mortality predictors. Serum PCT and sTREM-1 levels above the cutoffs were also associated with the presence of disseminated tuberculosis.ConclusionsAmong PTB patients, higher PCT, CRP, and sTREM-1 levels are observed in nonsurvivors than in 6-month survivors. Serum levels of PCT and sTREM-1 over the cutoffs are independently associated with a poor outcome. In addition, higher PCT and sTREM-1 levels would raise the clinical suspicion of disseminated tuberculosis.
Confronting the Social Determinants of Health — Obesity, Neglect, and Inequity
Authors: Jennifer K. Cheng
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

sion to file a report in this case was based on three considerations: concerns that the severity and trajectory of the girls’ medi cal problems portended lifethreatening and potentially irreversible end-organ disease with lifelong sequelae; the hope that CPS involvement might bolster medical adherence by providing support services; and the dearth of other reasonable options for engaging the family in appropriate care. As the obesity epidemic un
Is duplicate publishing on the increase?
Authors: T. Waldron
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <i><b>Introduction:</b></i> Hair transplantation is becoming the most common cosmetic procedure for men across the world with demand for higher density and treatment of extensive hair loss. This requires a higher number of donor follicles. Beard and body follicles can be used in addition to scalp hair as donor in suitable patients. <i><b>Objective:</b></i> To demonstrate the use of body hair to increase the visual density and for better coverage for higher grades of androgenetic alopecia (AA). <i><b>Method &amp; Material:</b></i> Sixteen patients were selected due to the availability of body donor hair and consent for body hair harvesting was taken. The beard was the first preference and then chest and abdominal follicles were used in combination with scalp hair follicles to treat Norwood grade IV and above. Beard and body hair were harvested using the follicular unit excision (FUE) technique. Post-operative pictures were taken and patient satisfaction, doctor’s observation, and global photographic evaluation was done. <i><b>Results:</b></i> Following hair transplantation, patient photographs were taken at 4, 8, and 12 months. The results were assessed on the basis of global photography. The use of body hair combined with scalp hair greatly enhanced the visual density, leading to better coverage in even higher grades of hair loss. <i><b>Conclusion:</b></i> “Combination grafting” is a good method to use to treat higher grades of hair loss as well as to enhance the results of hair transplantation in suitable patients.
Letter by Romanens and Miserez Regarding Article, “Effect of Intensive Versus Standard Lipid-Lowering Treatment With Atorvastatin on the Progression of Calcified Coronary Atherosclerosis Over 12 Months: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial”
Authors: Michel J. Romanens, André R. Miserez
Journal: Circulation (2006)

We read with great interest the report by Schmermund et al 1 that failed to demonstrate a difference in progression of coronary calcium (CAC) in asymptomatic, nondiseased subjects when treated with 10 mg versus 80 mg atorvastatin for 12 months.The authors expected that in 471 patients, a significantly lower progression of CAC scores and differences between groups of patients treated with 10 mg versus 80 mg atorvastatin could be observed.The study by Schmermund et al 1 was carried out in a low-risk to intermediate-risk population.Based on previous studies, it is possible that a much larger population would have been required to detect any differences.In addition, the study was not placebocontrolled but tried to discover differences between 2 groups of patients having low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reductions of 30.1% (10 mg) versus 43.1% (80 mg).Most important, however, the authors calculated a sample size of nϭ190, necessary to detect a CAC difference of 10%.The authors reference Callister et al 2 for their estimate of the CAC score standard deviation (SD).Callister et al 2 observed SDs of mean CAC of greater than 100% (ranging from Ϯ118% to Ϯ203%).The SDs of the mean CAC differences within a group were between Ϯ107% and Ϯ212%.When we use the median of the SDs given by Callister et al (Ϯ171%), then we calculate a sample size of several thousand subjects to detect a difference of 10% (Pϭ0.05,power of 0.90).However, Schmermund et al choose an SD of Ϯ30% for their subsequent power calculation.This has a dramatic effect on the sample size necessary to detect such small differences.In Table 2, Schmermund et al confirmed high SDs in their own data (median, Ϯ144%) but did not take this information into account when performing their power calculations.We do not know whether the CAC score data were normally distributed or not; the mean and median values differed greatly, however, suggesting that the data are skewed.If this assumption is correct, then it would have been more appropriate to transform the data or use nonparametric statistical tests.Thus, in our opinion, the study by Schmermund et al does not allow one to draw the conclusion that CAC score might not be a reliable predictor of cardiac events. 3Prospective studies involving large numbers of patients will be necessary to answer this question.
Vascular normalization: a strategy to recondition the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Yuhui Huang, Jianping Yuan, Elda Righi, Dan G Duda, Dai Fukumura, Mark C Poznansky, Rakesh K Jain
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Malignant tumors escape from host immune surveillance through multiple mechanisms. Of these, abnormal tumor vasculature and hypoxia are critical in establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and consequently, impeding an active cancer immunotherapy. Thus, we
Early Identification of Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Patrick Kwan, Martin J. Brodie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

More than 30 percent of patients with epilepsy have inadequate control of seizures with drug therapy, but why this happens and whether it can be predicted are unknown. We studied the response to antiepileptic drugs in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy to identify factors associated with subsequent poor control of seizures.We prospectively studied 525 patients (age, 9 to 93 years) who were given a diagnosis, treated, and followed up at a single center between 1984 and 1997. Epilepsy was classified as idiopathic (with a presumed genetic basis), symptomatic (resulting from a structural abnormality), or cryptogenic (resulting from an unknown underlying cause). Patients were considered to be seizure-free if they had not had any seizures for at least one year.Among the 525 patients, 333 (63 percent) remained seizure-free during antiepileptic-drug treatment or after treatment was stopped. The prevalence of persistent seizures was higher in patients with symptomatic or cryptogenic epilepsy than in those with idiopathic epilepsy (40 percent vs. 26 percent, P=0.004) and in patients who had had more than 20 seizures before starting treatment than in those who had had fewer (51 percent vs. 29 percent, P<0.001). The seizure-free rate was similar in patients who were treated with a single established drug (67 percent) and patients who were treated with a single new drug (69 percent). Among 470 previously untreated patients, 222 (47 percent) became seizure-free during treatment with their first antiepileptic drug and 67 (14 percent) became seizure-free during treatment with a second or third drug. In 12 patients (3 percent) epilepsy was controlled by treatment with two drugs. Among patients who had no response to the first drug, the percentage who subsequently became seizure-free was smaller (11 percent) when treatment failure was due to lack of efficacy than when it was due to intolerable side effects (41 percent) or an idiosyncratic reaction (55 percent).Patients who have many seizures before therapy or who have an inadequate response to initial treatment with antiepileptic drugs are likely to have refractory epilepsy.
The Peripheral Vascular Reactivity of Potassium-Deficient Rats
Authors: RAY H. ROSENMAN, S. CHARLES FREED, MEYER FRIEDMAN
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Peripheral vascular reactivity was studied in the potassium-deficient and control rats by measuring the degree of blood pressure response to intravenously injected pressor substances. The pressor response consistently was less in the potassium-deficient rats. The significance of these results with regard to the hypotensive action of potassium deprivation is discussed.
An Improved Method for Echographic Detection of Left Atrial Enlargement
Authors: OWEN R. BROWN, DONALD C. HARRISON, RICHARD L. POPP
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Echographic dimensions of the aortic root and left atrium were compared in 170 patients in order to assess dilation of the left atrium with reference to the relatively nondistensible fibrous aortic root. In 50 patients without cause for left atrial or aortic enlargement, the ratio of left atrial/aortic root dimension was 0.87-1.11. In 80 patients with known cause for left atrial enlargement, the left atrial/aortic root ratio was ≥ 1.17. In 40 patients with isolated aortic valve disease, dilation of both the aortic root and the left atrium resulted in a left atrial/aortic root dimension ratio &lt; 1.17 in some patients. Despite this consideration, the comparison of left atrial and aortic root dimension appears to be as specific as, and more sensitive than, previously proposed methods for the evaluation of left atrial enlargement.
URETERAL STRICTURE AND HYDRONEPHROSIS AS LATE SEQUEL OF KIDNEY INJURY
Authors: Daniel N Eisendrath
Journal: JAMA (1935)

In cases of kidney injury in which recovery has occurred after nonoperative treatment, one is apt to overlook the late effects of such an injury to the kidney and the corresponding ureter. Only a few articles have thus far appeared which show the value of intravenous (excretory) and of ascending (retrograde) pyelography in the determination of how much damage has been done in these cases. The importance of the subject from the standpoint of industrial and ordinary accident insurance cannot be overestimated. In all cases thus far reported, the interval between the time of injury and that of the examination has been a relatively short one ; hence the report of a case in which the accident occurred twenty years before the reappearance of symptoms referable to the injured kidney may be of interest. A man, aged 39, while traveling in Europe had a sudden, symptomless hematuria. When I first saw
HLA-DRB1*1301 AND *1302 protect against chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Thomas Höhler, Guido Gerken, Arman Notghi, Roswitha Lubjuhn, Homa Taheri, Ulrike Protzer, Hans F. Löhr, Peter M. Schneider, Karl-H. Meyer zum Büschenfelde, Christian Rittner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Drug industry is now biggest defrauder of US government
Authors: A. Braillon
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Stephen Whitehead, the new head of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, thinks that the bad press given to the drug industry is largely undeserved.1 A paragraph heading calls for collaboration. Facts are clear and this call is frightening because in the US laws exist and are implemented.

Public Citizen has made the diagnosis: “While …
Therapeutic Potential of Ex Vivo Expanded Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Atsuhiko Kawamoto, Heon-Cheol Gwon, Hideki Iwaguro, Jun-Ichi Yamaguchi, Shigeki Uchida, Haruchika Masuda, Marcy Silver, Hong Ma, Marianne Kearney, Jeffrey M. Isner, Takayuki Asahara
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —We investigated the therapeutic potential of ex vivo expanded endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) for myocardial neovascularization. Methods and Results —Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from healthy human adults were cultured in EPC medium and harvested 7 days later. Myocardial ischemia was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in male Hsd:RH-rnu (athymic nude) rats. A total of 10 6 EPCs labeled with 1,1′-dioctadecyl-1 to 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate were injected intravenously 3 hours after the induction of myocardial ischemia. Seven days later, fluorescence-conjugated Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin I was administered intravenously, and the rats were immediately killed. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that transplanted EPCs accumulated in the ischemic area and incorporated into foci of myocardial neovascularization. To determine the impact on left ventricular function, 5 rats (EPC group) were injected intravenously with 10 6 EPCs 3 hours after ischemia; 5 other rats (control group) received culture media. Echocardiography, performed just before and 28 days after ischemia, disclosed ventricular dimensions that were significantly smaller and fractional shortening that was significantly greater in the EPC group than in the control group by day 28. Regional wall motion was better preserved in the EPC group. After euthanization on day 28, necropsy examination disclosed that capillary density was significantly greater in the EPC group than in the control group. Moreover, the extent of left ventricular scarring was significantly less in rats receiving EPCs than in controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed capillaries that were positive for human-specific endothelial cells. Conclusions —Ex vivo expanded EPCs incorporate into foci of myocardial neovascularization and have a favorable impact on the preservation of left ventricular function.
Effects of Cardiac Denervation on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate During Natural Sleep in the Cat
Authors: M. Guazzi, G. Mancia, T. Kumazawa, G. Baccelli, A. Zanchetti
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Comparison of blood pressure and heart rate changes in synchronized and desynchronized sleep before and after various kinds of heart denervations has shown that the blood pressure fall occurring in sleep is independent of any nervous influence exerted on the heart. Bradycardia is mostly due to increased vagal activity.
Novel antibody switching defects in human patients
Authors: John P. Manis, Frederick W. Alt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by normal to elevated serum levels of IgM and low levels or the absence of IgG, IgA, and IgE. A new study AID expression in nonlymphoid cells (see related article on pages 136–142) characterizes HIGM type 4, a previously undocumented defect in antibody gene diversification caused by a selective block in class-switch recombination, providing significant insight towards understanding HIGM immunodeficiencies.
Expression of the Fc-receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RII, CD23) on alveolar macrophages in extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
Authors: A Pforte, G Breyer, J C Prinz, P Gais, G Burger, K Häussinger, E P Rieber, E Held, H W Ziegler-Heitbrock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Expression of the Fc receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon R) was analyzed on alveolar macrophages (AM) in 10 patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) compared with 10 patients with sarcoidosis and to 6 apparently healthy controls. By using the anti-Fc epsilon RII mAb M-L25 in immunocytochemistry experiments, we found that greater than 60% of AM in 10 of 10 patients with EAA were strongly positive, as evidenced by visual analysis in light microscopy and by cytometry. By contrast, no significant staining was detected in sarcoidosis or in controls with either method. Similar results were obtained when Fc epsilon R were identified with preformed immune complexes consisting of NIP-specific human/mouse chimeric IgE antibody plus NIP-ovalbumin. Furthermore, greater than 60% of AM in patients with EAA stained positive for IgE, demonstrating that endogenous IgE is bound to the AM. Our data suggest that IgE antibodies bound to Fc epsilon RII on AM may be involved in pathophysiology of extrinsic allergic alveolitis by activation of the AM after binding of allergen to the cell surface IgE. Furthermore, with the clearcut pattern of Fc epsilon RII expression in extrinsic allergic alveolitis it may be possible to use CD23 antibodies for differential diagnosis of inflammatory lung disease.
Acute Infectious Lymphocytosis
Authors: Marshall S. Horwitz, Gordon T. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

An outbreak of acute infectious lymphocytosis (white-cell counts of 26,000 to 93,800) was studied in 27 children at a state school for the mentally retarded. The search for an etiology of the disease included infectious and noninfectious agents. Examinations of stools for parasites, cultures of throat and stool for bacteria, and cultures of throat, stool and blood for viruses were done. An enterovirus, presently untyped, but resembling the Coxsackie A subgroup in physical, chemical and host specificity, was isolated in 21% of the patients' stool specimens. Fourfold rises in neutralizing antibody against this enterovirus occurred in the serums of a significantly greater proportion of patients than in patient contacts. Evidence suggests a causal relation between this agent and lymphocytosis.