tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ATTACHMENT OF THE TEETH.
Authors: FREDERICK B. NOYES
Journal: JAMA (1902)

That the teeth are not a part of the osseous system, but are appendages of the skin supported, in man, by a special development of bone forming the alveolar ridges of the maxillary bones, is as well established as any fact concerning human dentition. The work of Oscar Hertwig, "Ueber Bau und Entwickelung der Placoidschuppen," published in<i>Jenaische Zeitschrift</i>, 1874, established very clearly the homology existing between the teeth and the dermal or placoid scales of the ganoid, silurioid and dipnoan fishes, both as to similarity of structure and development. Much has been written descriptive of the teeth of various animals, their modifications of form and attachment to adapt them to modifications of function, and various classifications of the means of attachment have been made. Of these perhaps the best and most logical is given by Charles Tomes in his "Dental Anatomy," describing four forms of attachment: 1. By fibrous
Plasmatic Markers Of Coagulation And Fibrinolysis In Patients With C1 Inhibitor Deficiency During Acute Attacks Of Angioedema
Authors: A. Zanichelli, M. Cugno, L.C. Zingale, D. Lambertenghi Deliliers, L. Maggioni, S. Griffini, M. Cicardi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Heart Failure and Dialysis Fistulas
Authors: RONALD A. DRAUR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 November 1973Heart Failure and Dialysis FistulasRONALD A. DRAUR, M.D.RONALD A. DRAUR, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-5-765_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Since only three cases of congestive heart failure suspected to be related to Brescia-Cimino fistulas (1) have been reported previously (2, 3), I wish to add three more to that group.Cardiac outputs were measured by the direct Fick method, by using pulmonary arterial blood and aortic or peripheral arterial samples for the calculation (Table 1). Patients 1 and 2 were being dialyzed twice weekly at the time of study, and Patient 3 had not required dialysis for about 11 months. Patients 1 and 2 had stable body weights and hematocrit values, whereas Patient 3 had had...References1. BRESCIACIMINOAPPEL MJK: Chronic hemodialysis using venipuncture and a surgically created arteriovenous fistula. N Engl J Med 275:1089-1092, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. MENNOZIZZIHODSON AJJ: An evaluation of the radial arterio-venous fistula as a substitute for the Quinton shunt in chronic hemodialysis. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 13:62-67, 1967 Google Scholar3. AHEARNMAHER DJ: Heart failure as a complication of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula. Ann Intern Med 77:201-204, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: West Dodge Medical Bldg. Omaha, Nebraska PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDetermination of Cardiovascular Mechanics Evolution in the Presence of the Arteriovenous FistulaDeterminants of native arteriovenous fistula blood flowEffects of the creation of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis on cardiac function and natriuretic peptide levels in CRFReduction of left ventricular diameter and mass after surgical arteriovenous fistula closure in renal transplant recipients1Progressive Heart Failure Secondary to a High Output StateBranham's Sign RevisitedHeart Failure and Arteriovenous FistulaSOHAN L. DUA, M.D. 1 November 1973Volume 79, Issue 5Page: 765-765KeywordsBloodBody weightCardiac outputFistulasHeart failureHematocritMedical dialysis Issue Published: 1 November 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Phase I Oncology Studies: Evidence That in the Era of Targeted Therapies Patients on Lower Doses Do Not Fare Worse
Authors: Rajul K. Jain, J. Jack Lee, David Hong, Maurie Markman, Jing Gong, Aung Naing, Jennifer Wheler, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

To safely assess new drugs, cancer patients in initial cohorts of phase I oncology studies receive low drug doses. Doses are successively increased until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is determined. Because traditional chemotherapy is often more effective near the MTD, ethical concerns have been raised about administration of low drug doses to phase I patients. However, a substantial portion of oncology trials now investigate targeted agents, which may have different dose-response relationships than cytotoxic chemotherapies.Twenty-four consecutive trials treating 683 patients between October 1, 2004, and June 30, 2008, at MD Anderson Cancer Center were analyzed. Patients were assigned to a low-dose (<or=25% MTD), medium-dose (25-75% MTD), or high-dose (>or=75% MTD) group, and groups were compared for response rate, time-to-treatment failure, progression-free survival, overall survival, and toxicity. To remove negatively biasing data from the high-dose group, in a second analysis, patients treated above the MTD were excluded (high-dose group, 75-100% MTD). Of the 683 patients, 97.7% received targeted agents.Even when excluding patients above the MTD, there was an early trend favoring the low- versus high-dose group in time-to-treatment failure, with 32.9% versus 25.2% of patients on therapy at 3 months (P = 0.08). In addition, the low-dose group fared at least as well as the other groups in all other outcomes, including response rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, and toxicity.These data may help alleviate concerns that patients who receive low drug doses on contemporary phase I oncology trials fare worse and suggest targeted agents may have different dose-response relationships than cytotoxic chemotherapies.
A randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of 12-month famciclovir treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B e antigen–positive hepatitis B
Authors: Robert A. de Man, Patrick Marcellin, Flavio Habal, Paul Desmond, Teresa Wright, Toby Rose, Regina Jurewicz, Clarence Young
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study evaluating famciclovir (500 mg 3 times daily and 1.5 g once daily) for 1 year (6 months post-treatment follow-up) in patients with chronic hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The study was conducted in 80 centers in North America, Europe, and Australia/New Zealand. A total of 417 patients with histologically documented chronic hepatitis B (histologic activity index [HAI] 9.5-11.0) received famciclovir (500 mg 3 times daily or 1.5 g once daily) or placebo. Famciclovir 500 mg 3 times daily significantly reduced HBV DNA and median HAI scores versus placebo. By week 8, median HBV DNA decreased from 1,645 to 283 MEq/mL (famciclovir 500 mg 3 times daily) and from 1,147 to 304 MEq/mL (famciclovir 1.5 g once daily), while increasing for placebo (1,617 to 1,685 MEq/mL). Median change in HBV DNA at the end of therapy was -76% (famciclovir 500 mg 3 times daily; P <.01) and -60% (famciclovir 1.5 g once daily; P =.25) versus -37% for placebo. Median change in HAI was -1.5 points (famciclovir 500 mg 3 times daily; P =.02) and -1.0 point (famciclovir 1.5 g once daily; P =.35) and zero for placebo. Fifty percent of patients receiving famciclovir 500 mg 3 times daily (P =.07) and 43% receiving 1.5 g once daily (P =.41) experienced >/=2 points improvement in HAI versus 37% for placebo. Nine percent of patients treated with famciclovir 500 mg 3 times daily underwent anti-HBeAg seroconversion with undetectable HBV DNA at end of follow-up versus 3% in the placebo group (P =.05). Famciclovir was well tolerated; the incidence of post-treatment alanine transaminase (ALT) elevations was comparable with placebo. In conclusion, famciclovir 500 mg 3 times daily gave modest suppression of viral replication, but translated into significant histologic improvement in median HAI score at 1 year.
Principles and Practice of Surgical Pathology
Authors: Robert W. Prichard
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This two-volume reference text for residents and practitioners in pathology is intended to provide a thorough and authoritative survey of surgical pathology in a practical way, difficult as that is to define. It is the work of 85 authors, most of whom have written recent monographs or major review articles on their topics, plus the unreasonable and arbitrary editor. Because practical works need to be handy, each volume of roughly 850 pages weighs in at a mean of 2,380 g and is about 23-cm square; readers may judge this in relation to their physical fitness.  Many of the title's principles are dealt with in the first three chapters, while the succeeding 49 address the various problems encountered both in biopsy specimen material and in specimens from the operating room. Chapters dealing with infection, autoimmunity, medicolegal problems, and iatrogenic disease are novel for this type of book and useful. Special attention
Congenital Malformations of the Eye
Authors: Lorenz E. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Ophthalmic pathologists today are in a position to make anatomic diagnoses of conditions about which they knew little or nothing a decade ago. Recent clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory investigations have established the cause of some congenital malformations and provided clues as to the pathogenesis of others. These advances have enabled the pathologist to interpret the potential diagnostic significance of certain combinations of anatomic changes as, for example, the association of aniridia and congenital cataract with Wilms' tumor. While a complete autopsy is always more revealing than examination of a single organ, careful macroscopic and microscopic examination of the eyes alone may provide enough information for a presumptive diagnosis. The ocular lesions observed in the 13-15 trisomy syndrome, Lowe's syndrome, and on the congenital rubella syndrome provide particularly good examples.
The inhibitory effects of anticoagulation on in vivo gene transfer by adeno-associated viral or adenoviral vectors
Authors: Joerg Schuettrumpf, Jianxiang Zou, Yi Zhang, Alexander Schlachterman, Yi-Lin Liu, Shyrie Edmonson, Weidong Xiao, Valder R. Arruda
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Identifying factors that influence gene transfer efficacy is critical for a successful gene-based clinical study. Here we demonstrate that in vivo AAV-2-mediated gene transfer is efficiently inhibited by unfractionated heparin, but not by a heparin preparation containing mainly low-molecular-weight forms (LMWH). Surprisingly, inhibitors of thrombin or factor Xa (F.Xa) significantly reduced AAV-2 transduction in a dose-dependent manner. These effects were independent of the vector promoter, transgene, or strain of mice. Expression by alternate AAV serotypes 5 and 8 was not affected by anticoagulant drugs, which suggests an AAV-2-specific effect. Moreover, AAV-2-mediated gene expression was diminished in mice with deficiency in thrombin generation (factor IX deficiency) and enhanced in mice with procoagulant phenotype due to factor V Leiden. In addition, inhibitors of F.Xa diminished adenovirus-mediated gene expression. These results demonstrated that coagulation activity itself is critical to ensure optimal viral vector transduction. Since intravascular delivery of vectors often requires the use of anticoagulants, the use of LMWH appears to be safe. These observations are of relevance for approaches using AAV-2 or adenoviral vectors, especially in early phase studies designed to identify the minimum therapeutic doses.
Altered Folate Metabolism in Early HIV Infection
Authors: George Lefevre
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The letter in the Jan 22/29 issue of<i>JAMA</i>entitled "Altered Folate Metabolism in Early HIV [human immunodeficiency virus] Infection"<sup>1</sup>is interesting, since the authors state that the elevated folate levels observed in the majority of their patients were unlikely to have resulted from dietary supplementation. A related letter entitled "Folate Deficiency and Demyelination in AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]" by Smith et al<sup>2</sup>appeared in the July 25, 1987, issue of<i>Lancet</i>. The authors reported that, although serum and erythrocyte folate levels could be normal, cerebrospinal fluid folate levels were low. Defective folate metabolism is known to cause multifocal perivenular demyelination like that due to vitamin B12 deficiency. We would like to point out that in vitamin B<sub>12</sub>deficiency, serum folate levels, measured as 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate, are elevated because vitamin B<sub>12</sub>is needed for the demethylation of 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate; in its absence, no
Open Notes: Doctors and Patients Signing On
Authors: Tom Delbanco
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Reader Survey: What do you think about open access progress notes? Few patients read their doctors' notes, despite having the legal right to do so. As information technology makes medical records more accessible and society calls for greater transparency, patients' interest in reading their doctors' notes may increase. Inviting patients to review these notes could improve understanding of their health, foster productive communication, stimulate shared decision making, and ultimately lead to better outcomes. Yet, easy access to doctors' notes could have negative consequences, such as confusing or worrying patients and complicating rather than improving patient–doctor communication. To gain evidence about the feasibility, benefits, and harms of providing patients ready access to electronic doctors' notes, a team of physicians and nurses have embarked on a demonstration and evaluation of a project called OpenNotes. The authors describe the intervention and share what they learned from conversations with doctors and patients during the planning stages. The team anticipates that “open notes” will spread and suggests that over time, if drafted collaboratively and signed by both doctors and patients, they might evolve to become contracts for care.
A comparison of continuous- and discrete- time three-state models for rodent tumorigenicity experiments.
Authors: J C Lindsey, L M Ryan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The three-state illness-death model provides a useful way to characterize data from a rodent tumorigenicity experiment. Most parametrizations proposed recently in the literature assume discrete time for the death process and either discrete or continuous time for the tumor onset process. We compare these approaches with a third alternative that uses a piecewise continuous model on the hazards for tumor onset and death. All three models assume proportional hazards to characterize tumor lethality and the effect of dose on tumor onset and death rate. All of the models can easily be fitted using an Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. The piecewise continuous model is particularly appealing in this context because the complete data likelihood corresponds to a standard piecewise exponential model with tumor presence as a time-varying covariate. It can be shown analytically that differences between the parameter estimates given by each model are explained by varying assumptions about when tumor onsets, deaths, and sacrifices occur within intervals. The mixed-time model is seen to be an extension of the grouped data proportional hazards model [Mutat. Res. 24:267-278 (1981)]. We argue that the continuous-time model is preferable to the discrete- and mixed-time models because it gives reasonable estimates with relatively few intervals while still making full use of the available information. Data from the ED01 experiment illustrate the results.
Stimulation of Collateral Intestinal Circulation by Continuous Enteral Nutrition in Inoperable Mesenteric Vascular Insufficiency
Authors: Jjh Vanderheide, Jan Kleibeuker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1987Stimulation of Collateral Intestinal Circulation by Continuous Enteral Nutrition in Inoperable Mesenteric Vascular InsufficiencyJAAP J. HOMAN VAN DER HEIDE, M.D., JAN H. KLEIBEUKER, M.D.JAAP J. HOMAN VAN DER HEIDE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JAN H. KLEIBEUKER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-5-788_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: There is evidence that the extent of collateralization is proportional to the degree of arterial narrowing (1). Exercise has an additional beneficial effect on the induction of collateral vessels (2); patients with intermittent claudication are being placed in walk-training programs (3). Patients with two or three occluded aortic mesenteric stems can live without symptoms as long as the degree of collateralization can keep up with the rate of occlusion (4, 5).A 63-year-old man who had an aorto-mesenteric bypass 2 years previously for abdominal angina had severe intestinal ischemia during an episode of dehydration. Angiography showed a...References1. ZOLLWESSLERSCHLESINGER MSM. Interarterial coronary anastomoses in the human heart, with particular reference to anemia and relative cardiac anoxia. Circulation. 1956;6:797-815. Google Scholar2. ECKSTEIN R. Effect of exercise and coronary artery narrowing on coronary collateral circulation. Circ Res. 1957;5:230-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SKINNERSTRANDNESS JE. Exercise and intermittent claudication (1 and 2). Circulation. 1967;36:15-29. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. CENKAMMERERNEEF MKH. Verschluss der drei unpaaren Eingeweidearterien ohne klinische Symptomatik. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1972;97:197-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. REINER L. Mesenteric arterial insufficiency and abdominal angina. Arch Intern Med. 1964;114:765-72. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospital Groningen Groningen The Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1987Volume 107, Issue 5Page: 788-788KeywordsAnginaAngiographyExerciseIschemiaNutritionVascular insufficiency ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 2011: A novel bcl-2/xL inhibitor induces tumor cell apoptosis and potentiates the activity of standard chemotherapeutics
Authors: Terry MacIntyre, Francoise Powell, Paula Lewis, Ammar Adam, Deborah Lawson, Jiaquan Wu, Nicholas Larsen, Galina Repik, Julie Parmentier, Paul Secrist, Stephanos Ioaniddis, Kate Byth
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tumor cells often evade apoptosis by tipping the balance of Bcl-2 family and BH3-only protein expression towards a more anti-apoptotic environment, thus providing a survival advantage as well as a means of resistance to anti-cancer therapies. Indeed, over-expression of Bcl-2 family members has been shown to confer chemo-resistance in multiple tumor types. One potential result of this survival adaptation, however, is that the tumor cells become dependent on said Bcl-2 family member and hence increasingly vulnerable to targeted pro-apoptotic BH3 mimetics. Clinical validation of this concept has been demonstrated with the Bcl-2/xL inhibitor Navitoclax, where as a single agent in phase I/II trials in relapsed, refractory CLL patients, a 20% response rate was observed. Due to the potential that directly targeting the apoptotic machinery holds in treating cancer, developing BH3 mimetics that easily and effectively combine with standard chemotherapies is an attractive proposition. With this in mind, we have discovered and characterized a novel small molecule BH3 mimetic with nanomolar affinity for Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Here we characterize the in vitro and in vivo activity of this inhibitor in a variety of cell types. In addition to exhibiting potent single agent anti-cancer activity, it also potentiates the effectiveness of standard chemotherapeutic agents. Importantly, it also induces regression of sensitive tumors in vivo after a single IV bolus dose. Overall, this novel Bcl-2/xL inhibitor represents an exciting tool to further explore the mechanistic rationale for using potent BH3 mimetics as a foundation therapy across a broad range of tumor types where resistance to standard therapies arises from deregulation of the Bcl-2 family of anti-apoptotic proteins. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2011. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2011
Review: Calcium supplements increase risk for myocardial infarction but not mortality or stroke in adults
Authors: Kristine E Ensrud
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club16 November 2010Review: Calcium supplements increase risk for myocardial infarction but not mortality or stroke in adultsKristine E. Ensrud, MD, MPHKristine E. Ensrud, MD, MPHUniversity of Minnesota/Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA (K.E.E.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-10-201011160-02007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;341:c3691. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20671013Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: References1 National Osteoporosis Foundation. Clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Washington, DC: National Osteoporosis Foundation; 2010. www.nof.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/NOF_ClinicianGuide2009_v7.pdf (accessed 1 Sep 2010). Google Scholar2 Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:669-83. [PMID: 16481635] Google Scholar3 Cranney A, Horsley T, O’Donnell S, et al. Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; August 2007. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=erta158 (accessed 19 Apr 2010). Google Scholar4 Tang BM, Eslick GD, Nowson C, Smith C, Bensoussan A. Use of calcium or calcium in combination with vitamin D supplementation to prevent fractures and bone loss in people aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2007;370:657-66. [PMID: 17720017] Google Scholar5 Chung M, Balk EM, Brendel M, et al. Vitamin D and calcium: a systematic review of health outcomes. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; August 2009. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=erta183 (accessed 19 Apr 2010). Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Minnesota/Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA (K.E.E.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 November 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 November 2010Volume 153, Issue 10Page: JC5-7KeywordsCalciumDietMortalityMyocardial infarctionOsteoporosisResearch fundingRisk managementStrokeSystemic diseasesVitamin D ePublished: 16 November 2010 Issue Published: 16 November 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...