tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hydronephrosis, Bacteriuria, and Maximal Urine Concentration in Urinary Schistosomiasis
Authors: J. STAUFFER LEHMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Renal function was studied in 84 male patients with Schistosoma haematobium infection. Maximal urine concentration, creatinine clearance, and intravenous urography were obtained. Patients were placed in four groups: A, 32 patients with nonobstructive urographic abnormalities and negative urine cultures; B, 24 patients with bilateral hydronephrosis and negative urine cultures; C, 13 patients with nonobstructive urographic abnormalities and bacteriuria; and, D, 15 patients with bilateral hydronephrosis and bacteriuria. Maximal urine concentration in groups B, C, and D was significantly lower than in group A. After antischistosomal and antimicrobial therapy, reduction of hydronephrosis and bacteriuria was associated with significantly increased maximal urine concentration. Creatinine clearance did not change after treatment. The results of this study suggest that hydronephrosis or bacteriuria alone impairs urine concentration, that the effects of both abnormalities on renal concentrating mechanisms may be additive, and that impaired urine concentration owing to either or both is reversible.
Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) HIV Transmission to a Third Generation Offspring
Authors: D.W. Rosenthal, C. Colter, L. Maroldo, E. Coakley, S.J. Schuval
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)

RATIONALE: HIV infection is associated with a more rapid progression of HCV disease.A reduced HCV-specific CD81 T cell activity is correlated with progressive lowering of CD41 T cell counts.During HIV infection, a small percentage of CD81 T cells expresses CD28.The CD28 null T cells are functionally active, long-lived oligoclonal lymphocytes which have limited proliferative capacity.In this study, we have determined the pattern of expression of CD28 on CD81 T cells in a group of drug abusers patients, either coinfected or monoinfected by HIV and HCV.METHODS: 88 drug abusers patients: 21 HIV/HCV coinfected, 27 HCV monoinfected, 20 HIV monoinfected and 20 non-infected patients; none of them have received previous treatment.FacsCalibur flow cytometer was used to determine the expression of CD28 on gated CD81 T cells.The results are expressed as mean values 6 1SD. RESULTS:The percentage of CD28 null on CD81 T cells was diminished in HIV/HCV coinfected compared with HIV patients (52.1615.6 vs. 82.9615.6 p5<0,0001) and was augmented compared with HCV patients (52.1615.6 vs. 35.46613.95p5<0,0001).Conversely, the mean value of CD28 null in non-infected patients was 38613.54.CONCLUSIONS: The HIV/HCV coinfection decreases the percentage of expression of CD28 on CD81 T cells.On the other hand, CD28 expression on HCV patients is similar to that described in controls.This result suggests an HIV dominant effect in coinfected patients as compared to HCV monoinfected patients.
Diagnosis of Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: DEAN J. KEREIAKES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1983Diagnosis of Thromboembolic Pulmonary HypertensionDEAN J. KEREIAKES, M.D., MARTIN J. LIPTON, M.D.DEAN J. KEREIAKES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARTIN J. LIPTON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-6-880_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Moser and associates (1) have drawn appropriate attention to difficulties in establishing the diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Symptoms or signs of thromboembolic disease may be absent or unrecognized, and recurrent emboli may simulate pneumonia with pleuritis, chronic bronchitis, and coronary, valvular, or congenital heart disease (2). Differentiation from primary pulmonary hypertension is frequently difficult. Noninvasive evaluations often lack specificity for thromboembolic disease, and direct demonstration of pulmonary arterial thrombi has previously been achieved only by angiography.At the University of California, San Francisco, we have used rapid sequential computed tomographic scanning during the administration of...References1. MOSERSPRAGGUTLEYDAILY KRJP. Chronic thrombotic obstruction of major pulmonary arteries: results of thromboendarterectomy in 15 patients. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:299-305. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WILHELMSENSELANDERSODERHOLMPAULINVARNAUSKASWERKO LSBSEL. Recurrent pulmonary embolism. Medicine. 1963;42:335-55. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KEREIAKESHERFKENSBRUNDAGEGAMSUWEBBLIPTON DRBGRM. Computerized tomography in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Am Heart J. (In press). Google Scholar4. GODWINWEBBGAMSUOVENFORS JRGC. Computed tomography of pulmonary embolism. Am J Roentgenol. 1980;135:691-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DEAN J. KEREIAKES, M.D.; MARTIN J. LIPTON, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA 94143 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1983Volume 99, Issue 6Page: 880-880KeywordsChronic bronchitisComputed axial tomographyCongenital heart diseaseCoronary heart diseasePneumoniaPulmonary diseasesPulmonary hypertensionSigns and symptomsSpecificityValvular diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
AMBIDEXTROUS PERCUSSION AND PALPATION
Authors: GERALD B. WEBB
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Percussion, as practiced by the best physicians, is probably applied less correctly than any other method of physical examination. In any hospital we can observe clinicians percussing with two or more blows, when only one should be made; comparing the note elicited between ribs with that on the other side of the chest elicited with the pleximeter finger crossing ribs; placing themselves incorrectly to compare the reflected axial sound waves of the two sides, and in several other ways failing to obtain exact results. An awkwardness is also revealed not unlike that of Vulcan or of the blacksmith's son, Demosthenes, before he removed the distortion that accompanied his utterance, by watching his motions in a looking glass. In 1761, Leopold Auenbrugger,<sup>1</sup>after seven years of careful study, published his famous work and gave the name to and described the method and results of percussion. As Laënnec was led to
Does Pregnancy Influence the Prognosis of Uncomplicated Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Lisbeth L Carstensen, Kim Frost-Larsen, Steen Fugleberg, Jørn Nerup
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

To evaluate the effect of one or two pregnancies on the prevalence and severity of late diabetic complications, 22 pairs (44 patients) of female insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients were examined. Each pair consisted of one patient who had completed one or two pregnancies and one who had not. The two groups were carefully matched with respect to age, duration of disease, endogenous insulin secretory capacity, quality of blood glucose control, insulin requirement, hospitalization, and social status. No differences in prevalence or severity of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy were found.
A Low-Sodium Diet for Hypertensive Vascular Disease Precipitating Addison's Disease and Miliary Tuberculosis
Authors: Sidney Friedenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE treatment of hypertensive cardiovascular disease or congestive heart failure with a low-sodium diet is no longer considered an innocuous procedure. The recent observations of Soloff and Zatuchni1 and of MacGuire2 show that grave complications and death may ensue from sodium depletion.The low-sodium syndrome is strikingly similar to acute adrenocortical deficiency. The clinical picture may develop with severe restriction of dietary salt, the use of mercurial diuretics that inhibit tubular reabsorption of sodium and intrinsic renal disease, such as tuberculosis of the kidneys or, rarely, chronic glomerulonephritis.3 Another complication of a low-sodium diet, not previously reported, is the flare-up . . .
Mathematics in Medicine and the Life Sciences
Authors: Julia T. Apter
Journal: JAMA (1966)

An applied mathematician can facilitate experimental research by reducing a real physical or biological problem into a simple model and then expressing the new form as an equation, as symbolic logic, or as part of a computer program. Since the mathematical expression is essentially a translation of the simplified problem, it is a tautology. But the rigor and symbolism of mathematics may enable a sophisticated analyst to discern previously obscure aspects of the real problem! When these clarifications are reformulated verbally for the physicist or biologist, more meaningful experiments may be devised. The mathematician's efforts to collaborate in biological experimentation are weakened by communication barriers, unless the biologist is able to understand mathematical terms and concepts. Stibitz, an applied mathematician, aims to reduce these barriers by familiarizing his readers with some areas of mathematics now applicable to biological problems. He defines models in detail and then shows how diverse forms
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy without visible scar. Combined suprapubic and transumbilical approach: the ”Minden cholecystectomy”
Authors: B. Gerdes, E. Gitei, O. Akkermann, J. Prasse-Badde, C. Schmidt
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a promising technique especially for cholecystectomy. During the last 2 years the combined transvaginal and transumbilical approach without visible scars [1] became a real alternative to standard four-trocar cholecystectomy in several institutions [2] [3] [4]. However, clearly this method cannot be used in men, and there might be psychological or cultural barriers preventing women from agreeing to cholecystectomy through the vagina. Therefore, we developed the Minden method for minimally invasive cholecystectomy by transposing the vaginal approach to a suprapubic position in a region normally covered by pubic hair.
Declining Prevalence of Anemia Among Low-Income Children in the United States
Authors: Ray Yip
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To determine the anemia trends among low-income US children, hematologic measurements obtained from children aged 6 to 60 months who were enrolled in public health programs in six states that were consistently monitored by the Centers for Disease Control Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System were studied. Overall, the prevalence of anemia has declined steadily from 7.8% in 1975 to 2.9% in 1985. The prevalence of anemia declined significantly among children seen at preenrollment screening visits, as well as those seen at follow-up visits, suggesting a generalized improvement in childhood iron nutritional status in the United States, as well as a positive impact of public health programs. To ensure that the declining trend of anemia was not a function of a change in the population of children enrolled in the surveillance system, Tennessee nutrition surveillance records were further analyzed; these records were linked with birth records to obtain detailed socioeconomic status (SES) information. Even though the SES composition remained stable from 1975 to 1984, the prevalence of anemia has declined significantly within each SES group. These findings indicate a true decline in the prevalence of anemia among low-income children that is likely the result of improvements in childhood iron nutrition.
Secondary bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia in a patient with carbamazepine-induced hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: T Tamada, M Nara, M Tomaki, Y Ashino, T Hattori
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Secondary bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia in a patient with carbamazepine-induced hypogammaglobulinemia A 49-year-old woman had been treated with carbamazepine for 2 years because of epilepsy.She was referred to us for progressive exertional dyspnea and prolonged productive cough.Chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed bilateral infiltrates including ground glass opacities and consolidations predominantly in the lower lung fields.Her laboratory findings showed severe hypogammaglobulinemia, that is, immunoglobulin (Ig) G 418 mg/dl (normal, 748-1694 mg/dl), Ig A 20 mg/dl (91-391 mg/dl) and Ig M 51 mg/dl (33-254 mg/dl).Carbamazepine and other suspected antibiotics were all negative for drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation tests.Histological examination by trans-bronchial lung biopsy showed intraluminal fibrosis of distal airspaces with foamy alveolar macrophages, suggesting bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia (BOOP).After the cessation of carbamazepine, all abnormalities in gammaglobulins and roentgenogram findings gradually improved without any medication.This good clinical course also considerably supports the diagnosis of BOOP.BOOP may result from diverse causes such as drugs, acute respiratory infections and radiation treatment, or appear idiopathically. 1 2 Here, we show a case of secondary BOOP, which was associated with repeated respiratory infections caused by carbamazepine-induced hypogammaglobulinemia.Although the exact mechanisms of carbamazepine-induced hypogammaglobulinemia are unknown, they can be classified into three groups, that is, an absence of B cells, 3 an extensive impairment of the synthesis of Igs in B cells 3 and a disorder of the class-switch of Igs in B cells. 4 Our case described above would belong to the second group.Generally, drug-induced BOOP often develops within several weeks or less.However, our report indicates that even in the case of several years after use, anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine may have some adverse effects on the immune system and cause frequent airway infections, resulting in the development of secondary BOOP.
Disturbed islet-cell function related to endogenous gastrin release. Studies on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in pernicious anemia.
Authors: J F Rehfeld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The insulin and gastrin response to oral glucose, intravenous glucose, or a protein-rich meal were measured in 44 nondiabetic patients with pernicious anemia (PA) and in 44 control subjects. 36 of the PA-patients had hypergastrinemia, while serum gastrin concentrations in the remaining eight patients were below normal. Three hypergastrinemic PA-patients were in addition studied during an oral glucose loading with synchronous intravenous infusion of gastrin-17. During both oral and intravenous glucose tests blood glucose concentrations were similar in patients and in controls. After ingestion of protein blood glucose concentrations in PA-patients with hypergastrinemia were above those of the controls (P less than 0.05). Parenteral infusion of gastrin-17 during oral glucose loading also increased blood glucose concentrations above the levels observed after glucose alone. In PA-patients with hypergastrinemia the insulin response was augmented in all tests. In patients with hypogastrinemia serum insulin concentrations were lower than normal in the fasting state and during stimulation with glucose intravenously (P less than 0.01). In hypergastrinemic patients serum gastrin concentrations decreased after oral as well as intravenous glucose administration. The decrease was larger during the oral test. In hypogastrinemia oral glucose induced, as in controls, a small initial rise followed by a slow fall in serum gastrin concentrations. No variations were seen in these patients during the intravenous glucose infusion. Gel filtration of serum from hypergastrinemic patients disclosed a decrease in the concentrations of all four main components of gastrin during the glucose loadings. Taken together with earlier studies on the effect of exogenous gastrin the results suggest that endogenous hypergastrinemia induces hyperglycemia and potentiates insulin secretion. In contrast hypogastrinemia is associated with hypoinsulinism.
Use of Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors in Pregnancy and the Risk of Birth Defects
Authors: Sura Alwan, Jennita Reefhuis, Sonja A. Rasmussen, Richard S. Olney, Jan M. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Information regarding the safety of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in human pregnancy is sparse. Concern has been raised about the risk of congenital heart defects associated with the use of SSRIs in pregnancy.We obtained data on 9622 case infants with major birth defects and 4092 control infants born from 1997 through 2002 from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Case infants were ascertained through birth-defects surveillance systems in eight U.S. states; controls were selected randomly from the same geographic areas. Mothers completed a standardized telephone interview regarding exposure to potential risk factors, including medications, before and during pregnancy. Exposure to SSRIs was defined as treatment with any SSRI from 1 month before to 3 months after conception. Birth defects were assigned to 26 categories and subcategories.There were no significant associations between maternal use of SSRIs overall during early pregnancy and congenital heart defects or most other categories or subcategories of birth defects. Maternal SSRI use was associated with anencephaly (214 infants, 9 exposed; adjusted odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 5.1), craniosynostosis (432 infants, 24 exposed; adjusted odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5 to 4.0), and omphalocele (181 infants, 11 exposed; adjusted odds ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 5.7).Maternal use of SSRIs during early pregnancy was not associated with significantly increased risks of congenital heart defects or of most other categories of birth defects. Associations were observed between SSRI use and three types of birth defects, but the absolute risks were small, and these observations require confirmation by other studies.
Predictive factors of response and survival in myelodysplastic syndrome treated with erythropoietin and G-CSF: the GFM experience
Authors: Sophie Park, Sophie Grabar, Charikleia Kelaidi, Odile Beyne-Rauzy, Françoise Picard, Valérie Bardet, Valérie Coiteux, Geneviève Leroux, Pascale Lepelley, Marie-Thérèse Daniel, Stéphane Cheze, Béatrice Mahé, Augustin Ferrant, Christophe Ravoet, Martine Escoffre-Barbe, Lionel Adès, Norbert Vey, Lina Aljassem, Aspasia Stamatoullas, Lionel Mannone, Hervé Dombret, Keith Bourgeois, Peter Greenberg, Pierre Fenaux, François Dreyfus
Journal: Blood (2007)
Albumin Meta-Analysis
Authors: Eric M. Gibney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters4 December 2001Albumin Meta-AnalysisEric M. Gibney, MDEric M. Gibney, MDNew York University School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-11-200112040-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The only conclusion that can be made about the use of albumin is that it remains a hotly contested topic. The article by Wilkes and Navickis (1) calls into question the results of two earlier meta-analyses on albumin administration by the Cochrane Injuries Group Albumin Reviewers (2, 3). However, I believe that clinicians should remain wary of expanding use of colloid for the following reasons.First, the significant expense and theoretic risks of albumin and other colloid solutions dictate that it is incumbent on the users and manufacturers of colloid products to demonstrate superiority to crystalloid. Simply ...References1. Wilkes MM, Navickis RJ. Patient survival after human albumin administration. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:149-64. [PMID: 11487482] LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Human albumin administration in critically ill patients: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Cochrane Injuries Group Albumin Reviewers. BMJ. 1998;317:235-40. [PMID: 9677209] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Alderson P, Bunn F, Lefebvre C, Li Wan Po A, Li L, Roberts I, et al . Human albumin solution for resuscitation and volume expansion in critically ill patients. The Albumin Reviewers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;:2. Google Scholar4. www.plasmatherapeutics.org/. Accessed 2001. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Eric M. Gibney, MDAffiliations: New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPatient Survival after Human Albumin Administration Mahlon M. Wilkes and Roberta J. Navickis Albumin Meta-Analysis Mahlon M. Wilkes and Roberta J. Navickis Metrics Cited byFluid Management HistoryUse of albumin in three French university hospitals: is prescription monitoring still useful in 2004?Hydroxyethyl Starch-Induced Postoperative Bleeding in Cardiac Surgery PatientsHydroxyethyl Starch-Induced Postoperative Bleeding in Cardiac Surgery PatientsHetastarch and Bleeding Complications After Coronary Artery Surgery 4 December 2001Volume 135, Issue 11Page: 1008-1009KeywordsAlbuminsFallsInformation storage and retrievalMortalityPlasma proteins ePublished: 4 December 2001 Issue Published: 4 December 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
P3-068: An economic analysis of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) BR.21, a randomized trial of erlotinib versus best supportive care after cisplatin based chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Penelope A. Bradbury, Lesley Seymour, Raymond Ng, Nicole Mittmann, Isabelle Cote, Frances A. Shepherd, Natasha B. Leighl
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
EUS-first versus ERC-first for patients with intermediate probability of bile duct stones: is one strategy superior to the other?
Authors: E. da Silveira, A. Barkun
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Biliary sphincterotomy at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been used in the treatment of choledocholithiasis for over 25 years [1]. Its principal complications (pancreatitis, bleeding, and perforation) have a total rate of 4 % - 10 %, although this rate appears to be decreasing, probably owing to better understanding of predictors of complications and the increased use of wire-guided cannulation [2] [3]. Although intraoperative open common bile duct exploration was found to be superior to preoperative ERCP in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were carried out when open cholecystectomy was the norm, ERCP became more popular in the laparoscopic era, in order to optimize the minimally invasive approach of laparoscopic cholecystectomy [4]. The results of RCTs assessing the optimal approach in the laparoscopic era have yielded disparate results, and have limited generalizability for reasons of patient selection and operator expertise [4]. For patients with a high likelihood of having a common bile duct (CBD) stone, ERCP remains a strategy of choice not only postoperatively, of course, but also preoperatively [4]. The development of highly accurate diagnostic noninvasive technologies for the detection of choledocholithiasis, that do not have an associated risk of pancreatitis, such as endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) [5] and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) [6], has offered more adapted alternatives to ERCP as a diagnostic tool for patients with a lower likelihood of having a CBD stone. Appropriate stratification of patients with regard to the probability of choledocholithiasis thus now becomes a critical step for optimal and cost-effective management [4].