tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sexual abuse and bulimia nervosa: three integrated case control comparisons
Authors: S L Welch, C G Fairburn
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

This study had three aims: to determine whether sexual abuse increases the risk of developing bulimia nervosa, to see whether any increase in risk is specific to bulimia nervosa, and to determine whether patients referred for treatment of bulimia nervosa differ from a community group of subjects with bulimia nervosa with respect to their exposure to sexual abuse.A case control design with individual matching was used. There were three related case control comparisons. Fifty community-based subjects with bulimia nervosa were compared with 100 community-based comparison subjects without an eating disorder, 50 community-based comparison subjects with other psychiatric disorders, and 50 patients (secondary referrals) with bulimia nervosa. An investigator-based interview was used to assess sexual abuse.Sexual abuse involving physical contact was reported by a minority of the community-based subjects with bulimia nervosa. It was more common among this group than among the normal comparison subjects. There was no difference between the community-based subjects with bulimia nervosa and either the subjects with general psychiatric disorders or the patients with bulimia nervosa.While the findings indicate that sexual abuse is a risk factor for the development of bulimia nervosa, it does not appear to be specific to bulimia nervosa nor is it relevant to most cases. Sexual abuse appears to be a risk factor for psychiatric disorder in general (including bulimia nervosa) among young adult women. There was no evidence that secondary referrals of bulimia nervosa are biased with respect to sexual abuse.
Correlation of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance with eye tracking in schizophrenia
Authors: R E Litman, D W Hommer, T Clem, M L Ornsteen, C Ollo, D Pickar
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

The authors studied the relationship between performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and on the Trailmaking-B test and measures of smooth pursuit eye movements in 12 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 12 normal volunteers. They found that performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was significantly correlated with measures of smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenic patients but not in normal subjects. Trailmaking-B scores, however, were unrelated to smooth pursuit eye movements in either group.
Imatinib‐associated melanosis of the palate
Authors: Lindsey E. Roeker, Alexandra P. Wolanskyj
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

A 65-year-old female achieved complete molecular remission of chronic myelogenous leukemia with imatinib. After 6 years of imatinib therapy, her dentist noted discoloration of her palate during a routine visit and referred her back to hematology for evaluation. She was completely asymptomatic; specifically, she had not experienced any pain, tenderness, bleeding, or ulceration. Further, she had no constitutional symptoms. Physicians in ENT and Oral Dermatology agreed that this lesion was consistent with drug-induced melanosis. She had never taken any drug commonly associated with this condition including antimalarials, tetracycline, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, phenothiazines, amiodarone, quinidine, clofazamine, or antiretrovirals. Although not a classic association, case reports in Dental and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery literature have noted that imatinib causes identical lesions. Given her history, she was diagnosed with imatinib-associated melanosis of the palate. The lesion, shown in the image, has been stable for at least 3 months and the patient remains asymptomatic.
Association of Psoriatic Disease With Uveitis
Authors: Alexander Egeberg, Usman Khalid, Gunnar Hilmar Gislason, Lotus Mallbris, Lone Skov, Peter Riis Hansen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and uveitis are inflammatory disorders with significant overlap in their inflammatory pathways. Limited evidence is available about the relationship between psoriatic disease and uveitis.To investigate the potential bidirectional relationship between psoriatic disease, including psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, and uveitis.We performed a nationwide cohort study of the Danish population from January 1, 1997, through December 31, 2011. We included 74,129 Danish patients with psoriasis who were 18 years or older during the study period. Patients were identified through administrative registries, and information on age, sex, socioeconomic status, medication, and comorbidity was obtained using individual-level linkage of administrative registers. We performed data analysis from January 27 through March 4, 2015.Diagnosis of mild or severe psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis for uveitis risk and diagnosis of uveitis for the risk for psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis.Diagnosis of uveitis, mild psoriasis, severe psoriasis, or psoriatic arthritis. We calculated incidence rates (IRs) and estimated IR ratios adjusted for potential confounders using Poisson regression.We identified 74,129 cases of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and 13,114 cases of uveitis. The IRs (95% CIs) for uveitis were 2.02 (1.99-2.06), 2.88 (2.33-3.56), 4.23 (2.40-7.45), and 5.49 (3.36-8.96) for the reference population and those with mild psoriasis, severe psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis, respectively. In the reference population, these IRs (95% CIs) were 9.37 (9.30-9.45), 1.12 (1.10-1.15), and 1.04 (1.01-1.06), and in patients with uveitis, these statistics were 15.51 (12.92-18.62), 2.66 (1.72-4.13), and 4.25 (3.00-6.01) for mild psoriasis, severe psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis, respectively. Adjusted IR ratios (95% CIs) for uveitis were 1.38 (1.11-1.70 [P = .02]), 1.40 (0.70-2.81 [P = .34]), and 2.50 (1.53-4.08 [P < .001]) for patients with mild psoriasis, severe psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis, respectively. For patients with uveitis, IR ratios (95% CIs) were 1.59 (1.32-1.91 [P < .001]) for mild psoriasis, 2.17 (1.40-3.38 [P < .001]) for severe psoriasis, and 3.77 (2.66-5.34 [P < .001]) for psoriatic arthritis, respectively.We found a bidirectional association between psoriatic disease and uveitis. Increased focus on eye symptoms in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and on skin and joint symptoms in patients with prior or current uveitis may be appropriate.
Clinical characteristics and family history in DSM-III obsessive- compulsive disorder
Authors: Steven A. Rasmussen, Ming T. Tsuang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The authors present the clinical characteristics, demographic features, and family history of a clinical sample of 44 patients who met DSM-III criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Their findings are consistent with those of previous epidemiologic studies completed before the introduction of DSM-III with regard to phenomenology, course, and demographic characteristics. Most of the 44 patients had concomitant or lifetime histories of a major depressive disorder or another anxiety disorder. A number of first-degree relatives of these patients had probable obsessive-compulsive disorder or obsessive traits. The findings of this study should prove useful in further epidemiologic, biologic, and behavioral studies.
Conquering HIV and Stigma in Kenya
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2004)

It wasnt until after he retired from the Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) faculty in 1999 that Joseph Mamlin MD encountered what he calls  physicians worst nightmare. Throughout the wards of Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret Kenya beds were overflowing with young people dying of AIDS.  scene was a far cry from what Mamlin had witnessed in Eldoret in the early 1990s as team leader of a collaborative medical education program between IUSM and the Moi University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS). In 1992 I watched 85 patients die on our medical wards over the course of a year he says.  I returned in 2000 I saw over 1000 patients die [during a similar time frame] on the same number of beds. Colleagues say Mamlin became frustrated and depressed. There were so many dying and he couldnt do anything about it says William Tierney MD director of research with the IUSM-MUCHS program. A Kenyan medical student named Daniel changed that.  was so debilitated from AIDS that two of his fellow students came to the referral hospital to spoon-feed   sight lit a fire under Mamlin and he refused to let the young man die. Tierney recalls that Mamlin wrote to friends and colleagues in the United States asking for donations of money and antiretroviral medications (ARVs).  got up to speed on HIV treatment via e-mail. A $2000 donation from a friend allowed Daniels ARV therapy to begin and after a few weeks he was up and feeding himself. That was in 2001. No ARVs were available in and around Eldoret. Stigma blanketed the region; silence still equaled death in this part of sub-Saharan Africa. When Daniel left the hospital Mamlin tried to get him a hotel room near the medical students dormitory. The management kicked him out the next day he says. They were afraid to be near him. So Mamlin and his wife Sarah Ellen helped Daniel move to the IU compound in Eldoret. Cytomegalovirus infection has impaired Daniels vision to the extent that he has withdrawn from medical school. Instead he leads the AIDS Integrated Movement a group of about 400 HIV-infected volunteers who organize support groups community education and outreach programs. He is a recognized authority in his new field says Mamlin.  (excerpt)
Initiation of chronic ventilatory support at home, by using telemonitoring, is effective and saves costs
Authors: Anda Hazenberg, Huib A.M. Kerstjens, Sharon C.L. Prins, Karin M. Vermeulen, Peter J. Wijkstra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Chronic ventilatory support (CVS) in the Netherlands is normally initiated in the hospital. This initiation is expensive and a burden for the patient.  Objectives: We investigated whether initiation of CVS at home, by using telemonitoring, was non inferior for arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 ), quality of life and costs compared to an in hospital start.  Methods: Patients with chronic ventilatory insufficiency due to a neuromuscular or chest wall disease were included. Primary outcome was PaCO 2 . Quality of life and costs were secondary outcomes. A paired-sample T-test for difference within groups and an independent-sample T-test for difference between groups was performed after 6 months.  Results: 77 Patients were included of whom 38 patients started CVS at home. PaCO 2  and quality of life improved significantly in both group, but not significantly differ between both groups.  Initiation of CVS at home is technically feasible and per patient € 3000 can be saved.  Conclusion: This study shows that initiation of CVS at home, by using telemonitoring, in patients with chronic respiratory failure is feasible and cost effective.
Pulmonary Valve Replacement After Operative Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Paulo Ernando Ferraz Cavalcanti, Michel Pompeu Barros Oliveira Sá, Cecília Andrade Santos, Isaac Melo Esmeraldo, Rodrigo Renda de Escobar, Alexandre Motta de Menezes, Orlando Morais de Azevedo, Frederico Pires de Vasconcelos Silva, Ricardo Felipe de Albuquerque Lins, Ricardo de Carvalho Lima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Gout
Authors: R D Sturrock
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Gout is often thought to be relatively rare and therefore of not much interest to generalists. Yet it is an underdiagnosed condition that presents diagnostic and treatment challenges.

Various diagnostic criteria have been proposed for gout, depending on whether they are to be used in a clinical setting or for epidemiological surveys.1 The criteria proposed by Bennett and Wood in 19682 are still helpful in routine clinical practice. These are the presence of a clear history of at least two attacks of painful joint swelling with complete resolution within two weeks, a clear history or observation of podagra, the presence of a tophus, and a rapid response to colchicine within 48 hours of starting treatment.2 Two of these criteria are required for a clinical diagnosis, but a definitive diagnosis can be made if crystals of sodium monourate are seen in synovial fluid or in the tissues. Hyperuricaemia is a common but not obligatory feature, and it is important to realise that the serum …
Lubricin/Proteoglycan 4 Binding to CD44 Receptor: A Mechanism of the Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokine–Induced Synoviocyte Proliferation by Lubricin
Authors: Afnan Al‐Sharif, Maha Jamal, Ling X. Zhang, Katherine Larson, Tannin A. Schmidt, Gregory D. Jay, Khaled A. Elsaid
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective To evaluate the binding of recombinant human proteoglycan 4 (rhPRG4) to CD44 receptor and its consequences on cytokine‐induced synoviocyte proliferation. Methods The binding of rhPRG4 to CD44 and competition with high molecular weight (HMW) hyaluronic acid (HA) was evaluated using a direct enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance. Sialidase A and O ‐glycosidase digestion of rhPRG4 was performed, and CD44 binding was evaluated using ELISA. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) were stimulated with interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) for 48 hours in the presence or absence of rhPRG4 or HMW HA at 20, 40, and 80 μg/ml, and cell proliferation was measured. The contribution of CD44 was assessed by coincubation with a CD44 antibody (IM7). The antiproliferative effect of rhPRG4 was investigated following treatment of PRG4 –/– mouse synoviocytes with IL‐1β or TNFα in the presence or absence of IM7. Results Recombinant human PRG4 bound CD44 and interfered with the binding of HMW HA to CD44. Removal of sialic acid and O ‐glycosylations significantly increased CD44 binding by rhPRG4 ( P &lt; 0.001). Both rhPRG4 and HMW HA at 40 and 80 μg/ml significantly suppressed IL‐1β–induced proliferation of RA FLS ( P &lt; 0.05). Recombinant human PRG4 at 20, 40, and 80 μg/ml significantly suppressed TNFα‐induced RA FLS proliferation ( P &lt; 0.05). CD44 neutralization reversed the effect of rhPRG4 on IL‐1β– and TNFα‐stimulated RA FLS and the effect of HMW HA on IL‐1β–stimulated RA FLS. Recombinant human PRG4 inhibited cytokine‐induced proliferation of PRG4 –/– synoviocytes, which could be prevented by blocking CD44. Conclusion PRG4 (lubricin) is a novel putative ligand for CD44 and may control synoviocyte overgrowth in inflammatory arthropathies via a CD44‐mediated mechanism.
Abstract 240: Concomitant Use of Therapeutic Hypothermia with Mechanical Circulatory Support in Patients Post Cardiac Arrest in Cardiogenic Shock: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Michael G Silverman, Molly H O’Brien, Kathleen R Avery, Annmarie Chase, Carol D Pierce, Karen Griswold, Galen V Henderson, Beth Anne Hirning, Michael Kyller, Anthony F Massaro, Raghu Seethala, Peter Stone, Stefan Strojwas, Paul Szumita, David A Morrow, Benjamin M Scirica
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: The concurrent use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) following cardiac arrest and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for cardiogenic shock is becoming increasingly common. Little is known however, about the combined use of TH and MCS for patients after ROSC following a cardiac arrest who remain in cardiogenic shock. Therefore we describe the experience with concomitant use of TH and MCS from a large academic tertiary care center in Boston. Methods: Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes at hospital discharge were reported for patients undergoing TH following cardiac arrest who also received MCS for cardiogenic shock. MCS included Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) two percutaneous ventricular assist devices (Impella, and TandemHeart), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Clinical outcomes included mortality as well as cerebral performance category (CPC) at hospital discharge. Results: There were a total of 14 patients who underwent concomitant TH and MCS following a cardiac arrest. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes are noted in the Figure. 9 patients underwent placement of IABP, 2 patients an Impella pump, 2 patients a TandemHeart, and 1 patient ECMO. All 14 cardiac arrests were due to cardiovascular etiologies; 9 of 14 had STEMI. 9 of 14 patients had an initial shockable rhythm. Mean age was 56 years (+/- 19), mean downtime was 35 minutes (+/- 24). All patients were vasopressor dependent. Bleeding events are noted in the table. 8 patients survived to hospital discharge, all with good neurologic outcome. These rates were comparable to the survival rates and neurologic outcomes among 82 patients who underwent TH post cardiac arrest (from cardiovascular etiologies) without concomitant MCS (Figure). Conclusion: Based on our experience from a large academic tertiary care center, concomitant use of TH and MCS is both safe and feasible with an encouraging rate of cardiac and neurologic recovery.
The influence of amino acids on aztreonam spray-dried powders for inhalation
Authors: Xiao-Fei Yang, Ying Xu, Da-Sheng Qu, Hao-Ying Li
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

The dry powder inhalation of antibiotics for the treatment of lung infections has attracted drastically increasing attention as it offers rapid local therapy at lower doses and minimal side effects. In this study, aztreonam (AZT) was used as the model antibiotic and spray-dried to prepare powders for inhalation. Amino acids of glycine (GLY), histidine (HIS) and leucine (LEU) were used as excipients to modify the spray-dried particles. It was demonstrated that the GLY-AZT spray-dried powders formed huge agglomerates with the size of 144.51 µm, which made it very difficult to be delivered to the lungs (FPF: 0.29% w/w only). In comparison with the AZT spray-dried powders, HIS-modified spray-dried powders showed increased compressibility, indicating larger distance and less cohesion between particles; while the LEU-modified spray-dried particles showed a hollow structure with significantly decreased densities. The fine particle fraction for HIS- and LEU-modified powders was 51.4% w/w and 61.7% w/w, respectively, and both were significantly increased (one-way ANOVA, Duncan's test, P <0.05) compared to that of AZT spray-dried powders (45.4% w/w), showing a great potential to be applied in clinic.
Abstract LB-273: Molecular targeting Neu1 with oseltamivir phosphate abrogates tumor neovascularization, growth, and metastasis in mouse model of human triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Myron R. Szewczuk, Fiona Haxho, Stephanie Allison, Farah Alghamdi, Lacey Brodhagen, Victoria Kuta, Samar Abdulkhalek, Ronald Neufeld
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Patients with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lacking the estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-2 (HER2/neu) receptors have typical high grading, frequent relapses, and exhibit poorer outcomes or prognosis compared with the other subtypes. No current targeted therapies are effective for TNBC. Here, preclinical studies on the antitumor activity of oseltamivir phosphate (OP) monotherapy was investigated to identify its role in tumor neovascularization, growth, invasiveness, and long-term survival in RAGxCγ double mutant mouse model of human TNBC. Sialidase, WST-1, and immunohistochemistry assays were used to evaluate sialidase activity, cell viability, and expression levels of E-, and N-cadherins, and host CD31+/PECAM-1 cells in paraffin-embedded TNBC MDA-MB-231 tumors grown in these mice. OP, anti-Neu1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9-specific inhibitor blocked Neu1 activity associated with EGF-stimulated MDA-MB-231 cells. OP treatment of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells and their stable tamoxifen-resistant clones reproducibly and dose-dependently reduced the sialidase activity associated with EGF-stimulated live cells and the cell viability after 72 hours of incubation. Combination of 1 μM cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, or tamoxifen with OP in a dose-dependent manner significantly reduced cell viability at 24, 48, and 72 hrs when compared to the chemotherapeutic alone. Heterotopic xenografts of MDA-MB-231 tumors developed bloody tumor vascularization in these mice. OP treatment at 30 mg/kg daily I.P. treatment reduced tumor vascularization and growth rate with significant reduction in tumor weight and spread to the lungs compared with the untreated cohorts. OP treatment at 50 mg/kg completely ablated tumor vascularization, growth and spread to the lungs, with significant long-term survival for 180 days post-implantation, tumor shrinking, and no relapses after 56 days off-drug. OP 30 mg/kg cohort tumors had significantly reduced levels of human N-cadherins and host CD31+ endothelial cells with concomitant significant expression of E-cadherins compared to the untreated cohorts. These findings signify a novel treatment therapy for TNBC. Citation Format: Myron R. Szewczuk, Fiona Haxho, Stephanie Allison, Farah Alghamdi, Lacey Brodhagen, Victoria Kuta, Samar Abdulkhalek, Ronald Neufeld. Molecular targeting Neu1 with oseltamivir phosphate abrogates tumor neovascularization, growth, and metastasis in mouse model of human triple-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-273. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-273
RLIP76 Transports Vinorelbine and Mediates Drug Resistance in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: David Stuckler, Jyotsana Singhal, Sharad S. Singhal, Sushma Yadav, Yogesh C. Awasthi, Sanjay Awasthi
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Vinorelbine (Navelbine), an amphiphilic semisynthetic Vinca alkaloid, has displayed superior activity and decreased resistance in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with other members of its class. Recently, vinorelbine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy has been shown for the first time to confer a significant survival advantage in early-stage lung cancer after surgical therapy. The biological mechanisms underlying the differential response of NSCLC to cytocidal activity of vinorelbine have yet to be elucidated. Our recent findings indicate a role of RLIP76, a non-ATP binding cassette transport protein, in catalyzing the ATP-dependent efflux of structurally and functionally unrelated chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin and vinblastine in NSCLC. Present studies were conducted to assess whether RLIP76 mediates vinorelbine transport and resistance. Here we show that RLIP76 catalyzes the transport of vinorelbine in a saturable manner with respect to vinorelbine (K(m) 75 nmol/L) and ATP (K(m) = 3.4 mmol/L). Three-fold overexpression of RLIP76 in NSCLC and SCLC confers increased resistance to cytotoxicity. RLIP76 overexpression causes a sustained intracellular decrease in vinorelbine concentration because of increased efflux, and anti-RLIP76 antibodies sensitize lung cancer cells to vinorelbine by inhibiting its efflux. These studies for the first time show that RLIP76 mediates vinorelbine transport and is capable of conferring drug accumulation defect and resistance to lung cancer cells.