tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treating the Damaged Achilles Tendon
Authors: Robert B. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> TheQUESTIONS AND ANSWERSsection ofThe Journal(<b>218</b>:103,1971) discussed treatment of a postoperative wound slough exposing the Achilles tendon. Pickrell's response is in accord with the conventional wisdom on this matter, in which I believed until a recent case caused me to revise my thinking. A 28-year-old man developed a suppurative ulceration, 7 cm in circumference, over the insertion of the Achilles tendon. Approximately the distal one-half inch of the tendon was destroyed and it was detached from its insertion. Measures were undertaken to clean the wound in preparation for a pedicle graft. Before this could be accomplished, the patient was charged with parole violation and spent two months in the county jail. Upon his release, he returned, and reconstitution of the Achilles tendon with granulations overlying the entire tendon had taken place. The wound was clean, and the ulceration which was at this time
Impaired responsiveness to angiotensin II in experimental cirrhosis: Role of nitric oxide
Authors: Anna Castro, Wladimiro Jiménez, Joan Clária, Josefa Ros, Josep Maria Martínez, Marta Bosch, Vicente Arroyo, Jaume Piulats, Francisca River, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Impaired vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II is a common feature in human cirrhosis with ascites. The aim of this study was to investigate whether vascular reactivity to angiotensin II is also decreased in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis and ascites and to assess the role of endogenous nitric oxide in this abnormality. Increasing doses of angiotensin II (from 31 to 500 ng.kg-1.min-1) induced significantly smaller increases in total peripheral resistance in conscious cirrhotic rats with ascites (n = 8) than in control animals (n = 9) at each dose tested. A reduced response to angiotensin II was also observed in vitro in aortic rings of rats with cirrhosis and ascites compared with that in control aortic rings (maximal response: 104 +/- 16 mg vs. 204 +/- 18 mg; p < 0.001). This in vitro hyporesponsiveness to angiotensin II in aortic rings of cirrhotic rats with ascites was reversed on endothelium denudation or nitric oxide synthesis inhibition with N omega-nitro-L-arginine but was not influenced by cyclooxygenase inhibition with indomethacin. In conclusion, this study shows reduced vascular reactivity to angiotensin II in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis with ascites and indicates that this abnormality is mediated by nitric oxide.
Traumatic Encephalopathy vs Possible Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Walter Sencer
Journal: JAMA (1964)

SINCE THE PAPERS of Trotter,<sup>1</sup>Putnam, and Cushing<sup>2</sup>on chronic subdural hematoma were published, neurologists and neurosurgeons have been well aware of this entity. Its protean manifestations make its inclusion in the differential diagnosis of encephalopathy practically mandatory, especially when there is a history of trauma. In the following two cases, subdural hematoma was strongly suspected, but the final diagnosis in both was encephalopathy of unknown cause associated with trauma. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> Approximately five weeks before admission, a 73-year-old man was struck by a car and rendered unconscious. He was hospitalized elsewhere, his condition improved, and he was discharged after six days. During the ensuing weeks, he was more or less lethargic and withdrawn. Five days prior to hospitalization he began to have difficulty in walking and talking. He was disoriented to time, had a poor memory, and a mild expressive aphasia. The face-hand test
Prevalence of Tetracyclines in Children's Teeth--Study II: Resurvey after Five Years
Authors: D. J. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The capacity of the tetracyclines to discolour teeth has been widely recognized for over 10 years. This survey examined recent trends in tetracycline usage as shown by deposits of the antibiotic in primary molars extracted from 505 children aged from 3 to 5 years. It was found that 70% of the children had been given the antibiotic during their first three years of life, each having received on average 2·4 courses. This represented an increase of 12% in tetracycline usage in children of this age as compared with a similar series five years ago. There was no evidence of increasing preference by prescribers for oxytetracycline (the analogue least likely to cause dental discoloration). Staining of the permanent incisor teeth frequently occurs if tetracyclines are given to children under 6 years of age and it is predicted that some degree of staining will occur in about 23% of the children in this series. All things considered, there appears to be a strong case for stopping the manufacture of paediatric preparations of tetracycline except for those comprised of oxytetracycline for use in exceptional cases.
EuroFlow: Resetting leukemia and lymphoma immunophenotyping. Basis for companion diagnostics and personalized medicine
Authors: J J M van Dongen, A Orfao
Journal: Leukemia (2012)

Laboratory diagnostics in patients with a hematological malignancy has three major applications: establishing the diagnosis, prognostic classification and evaluation of treatment effectiveness. 1,2Immunophenotyping is currently recognized to provide essential information for all three applications. 2-9Expression of individual immunophenotypic markers was initially assessed by microscopic techniques, but since the 90's multiparameter flow cytometric immunophenotyping has become the technique of choice, as it is the sole technique that fulfills the requirements for high speed, broad applicability at diagnosis and during follow-up, and accurate focusing on the malignant cell population using membrane-bound and intracellular proteins as targets. 9-146][17][18] This probably relates to the increasing number of antibodies and fluorochromes that are used and the corresponding progressively larger complexity of the multivariate data analyses of both major and minor cell populations, together with limited standardization of the laboratory procedures and instrument settings.In this regard, the weakest points of multiparameter flow cytometry relate to: (i) the design of the panels of markers to be applied, (ii) the evaluation of new versus 'classical' markers, (iii) the analysis of the data obtained from the flow cytometric measurements and (iv) interpretation of the results.In addition, it is a technological field that is continuously evolving, but where many traditional procedures are still in use, for example, for data analysis.Whereas industry invested significantly in developing and implementing further innovation of the flow cytometry instruments, the innovation in immunophenotyping reagents and in software for analysis of the progressively larger and complex data sets was much more limited or virtually absent, particularly in the area of leukemia and lymphoma typing.Consequently, we concluded in 2005 that major innovations are required to adequately advance the field of flow cytometric immunophenotyping.Therefore, we initiated the European Union (EU)-supported EuroFlow Consortium.The original objectives of the EuroFlow Consortium were: the development and evaluation of novel antibodies, the introduction of novel immunobead technology, the development of novel flow cytometry software tools and data analysis approaches for recognition of complex immunophenotypic patterns, and the design of novel multicolor immunostaining protocols and carefully balanced antibody panels.In this editorial, we critically comment on the most relevant aspects of the EuroFlow activities through a series of frequently asked questions from the field.
Differential effects of zeta and eta transgenes on early alpha/beta T cell development.
Authors: P E Love, E W Shores, E J Lee, A Grinberg, T I Munitz, H Westphal, A Singer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

The zeta-family dimers (zeta, eta, and gamma) are a group of structurally and functionally related proteins that are expressed in developing thymocytes and function as signal transducing subunits of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and certain Ig Fc receptors. Zeta, eta, and gamma each contain one or more copies of a conserved tyrosine-based activation motif (TAM) that is known to be required for signal transduction. To examine the developmental importance of multiple or individual TAM elements we generated transgenic mice that express: (a) full-length (FL) zeta-chain (3 TAMs); (b) eta-chain, a naturally occurring variant of zeta that is derived from alternative splicing (2 TAMs); or (c) truncated zeta-chain (CT108; 1 TAM), under the control of the human CD2 promoter and regulatory elements. Unexpectedly, we found that overexpression of the FL zeta chain caused premature termination of RAG-1 and RAG-2 expression, prevented productive rearrangement of the TCR-alpha and TCR-beta genes and blocked entry of thymocytes into the CD4/CD8 developmental pathway. In contrast, we found that overexpression of eta or CT108 had no effect on normal thymocyte maturation. These results suggest that an early signaling pathway exists in precursor TCR- thymocytes that can regulate RAG-1 and RAG-2 expression and is differentially responsive to individual members of the zeta-family dimers.
Issuing Clinical Alerts
Authors: Bernadine Healy
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Expanding Priorities — Confronting Chronic Disease in Countries with Low Income
Authors: Gerard F. Anderson, Edward Chu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

In a ceremony held at the New York Public Library on June 26, 2006, Microsoft founder and global health philanthropist Bill Gates expressed his belief that "there is no reason we can't cure the top 20 diseases."1 To achieve this ambitious objective, however, international health organizations will need to greatly expand their efforts, especially in low-income countries, to prevent and treat noncommunicable chronic diseases.Although there are many ways to classify diseases and to evaluate the burden of disease, it is clear that by any measure, several noncommunicable chronic diseases have a place in the global top 20. For example, . . .
Therapies for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Noralou P. Roos
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<i>The following letter was received after the authors had written their reply</i>.—Ed. <h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Concato et al<sup>1</sup>have meticulously studied "problems of comorbidity in mortality after prostatectomy." However, the issue is not resolved. In the only randomized trial of TURP vs open prostatectomy that has ever been reported, two of 32 patients died within 5 years of open prostatectomy, compared with nine of 43 patients following transurethral prostatectomy.<sup>2</sup>This difference in proportions is statistically significant (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) using a one-tailed<i>t</i>test. Recent studies have documented hemodynamic and cardiovascular changes during and subsequent to transurethral prostatectomy.<sup>3,4</sup>Thus, the finding of increased mortality is no longer completely atheoretical. The comorbidity data used to adjust the relative risk (RR) of death following prostatectomy were collected uniformly and prospectively on 1650 men at the University of Manitoba, as reported in our first article.<sup>5</sup>As these data
Dipyridamole-Thallium Scanning in Patients Undergoing Vascular Surgery
Authors: Bruce Kleinman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We found the study by Eagle et al<sup>1</sup>using dipyridamole-thallium scanning to evaluate cardiac preoperative risk particularly relevant to our field of endeavor—anesthesiology. However, for those interested in the historical development of a risk index for preoperative patients, we would like to correct three points about the "risk classification developed by the Dripps—American Surgical Association." First, it is not a risk classification at all. Second, it was not developed by Dr Dripps. Third, it had nothing to do with the American Surgical Association. A classification of preoperative health or physical status was proposed under the auspices of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, not the American Surgical Association, in 1941 by Drs Saklad,<sup>2</sup>Rovenstine, and Taylor. This classification was not then nor is it now a classification of risk. Its purpose was to facilitate the tabulation of statistical data in anesthesia. It was hoped that classifying patients
VALIDATION OF THE CRUSADE BLEEDING RISK SCORE IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ST ELEVATION ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN SPAIN
Authors: Rafael Vidal-Perez, Emad Abu-Assi, José María Garcia-Acuña, Carlos Peña-Gil, Jose Ramón Gonzalez-Juanatey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Nonsuppurative cholangitis is induced in neonatally thymectomized mice: A possible animal model for primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Haruhiko Kobashi, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Toshifumi Yoshioka, Minoru Tomita, Takao Tsuji
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Neonatally thymectomized mice are unique in that they are prone to organ-specific autoimmune diseases. We investigated whether autoimmune cholangitis could be induced in these mice when they were immunized with biliary antigens. Neonatally thymectomized A/J mice were immunized with porcine intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells (group 1), porcine gallbladder epithelial cells (group 2), porcine splenocytes (group 3) or Freund's adjuvant (group 4). Nonthymectomized mice were immunized with bile duct epithelial cells (group 5) or Freund's adjuvant (group 6). The cell suspensions were injected intraperitoneally with Freund's adjuvant once a week for 8 wk. In group 1 varying amounts of mononuclear cells infiltrated around the bile duct in 14 of 22 mice, whereas little or no accumulation was noted in other groups. Ultrastructural observations revealed that the inflammatory cells consisted of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. The bile duct showed degenerative changes and some lymphocytes infiltrated between bile duct epithelial cells. An immunohistochemical study showed that the accumulated lymphocytes consisted of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as B cells. Both major histocompatibility complex class I and class II antigens were expressed on bile duct epithelial cells. Antimitochondrial antibody was demonstrated in some mice in groups 1 (9 of 17), 2 (2 of 3) and 5 (4 of 5) by immunofluorescence; the antibody reacted with the 68, 52 and 47 kD polypeptides of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex on Western blotting. These findings suggest that autoimmune cholangitis can be induced in neonatally thymectomized mice stimulated with biliary antigens and that these mice could be a suitable animal model for primary biliary cirrhosis.
Asia grapples with obesity epidemics
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Changes in diet coupled with increasingly inactive lifestyles have sparked off epidemics of obesity in several Asian countries, delegates to the ninth Asian congress of nutrition said in New Delhi last week.

Doctors said obesity is a burgeoning public health problem that will strain healthcare services and increase the incidence of heart disease and diabetes across South Asia.

Researchers also cautioned that as cardiovascular …
P2-092: 14-3-3 sigma and checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger (CHFR) methylation in serum in erlotinib-treated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (p) with EGFR mutations
Authors: Noemi Reguart, Rut Porta, Blanca Cantos, Felipe Cardenal, Mauricio Cuello, Pilar Lianes, Margarita Majem, Bartomeu Massuti, Miguel Taron, Rafael Rosell
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Roles of continuous neurogenesis in the structural and functional integrity of the adult forebrain
Authors: Itaru Imayoshi, Masayuki Sakamoto, Toshiyuki Ohtsuka, Keizo Takao, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa, Masahiro Yamaguchi, Kensaku Mori, Toshio Ikeda, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Ryoichiro Kageyama
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2008)
Glucocorticoid receptor beta, a potential endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid action in humans.
Authors: C M Bamberger, A M Bamberger, M de Castro, G P Chrousos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Alternative splicing of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) pre-mRNA generates two highly homologous isoforms, termed hGR alpha and hGR beta. hGR alpha is a ligand-activated transcription factor which, in the hormone-bound state, modulates the expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes by binding to specific glucocorticoid response element (GRE) DNA sequences. In contrast, hGR beta does not bind glucocorticoids and is transcriptionally inactive. We demonstrate here that hGR beta is able to inhibit the effects of hormone-activated hGR alpha on a glucocorticoid-responsive reporter gene in a concentration-dependent manner. [3H]-Dexamethasone binding studies indicate that hGR beta does not alter the affinity of hGR alpha for its hormonal ligand. The presence of hGR beta in nuclear extracts and its ability to bind to a radiolabeled GRE oligonucleotide suggest that its inhibitory effect may be due to competition for GRE target sites. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis shows expression of hGR beta mRNA in multiple human tissues. These results indicate that hGR beta may be a physiologically and pathophysiologically relevant endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid action, which may participate in defining the sensitivity of target tissues to glucocorticoids. They also underline the importance of distinguishing between the two receptor isoforms in all future studies of hGR function and the need to revisit old data.
Screening for Developmental Neurotoxicity Using PC12 Cells: Comparisons of Organophosphates with a Carbamate, an Organochlorine, and Divalent Nickel
Authors: Theodore A. Slotkin, Emiko A. MacKillop, Ian T. Ryde, Charlotte A. Tate, Frederic J. Seidler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

In light of the large number of chemicals that are potential developmental neurotoxicants, there is a need to develop rapid screening techniques.
CDC: Immunize More Children for Influenza
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ception, according to ACOG. Emergency contraceptives contain high doses of the same hormones used in birth control pills and may prevent pregnancy if used up to 72 hours after unprotected sex; they are most effective if used within 24 hours. However, it may be difficult for a woman who has had unprotected sex or has been raped to contact her physician and obtain a prescription in time. Even women who seek treatment in an emergency department after a rape may not have timely access to emergency contraception. An analysis of the National HospitalAmbulatoryMedicalCareSurvey for 1994-1999 found only 21% of the eligible women who were seen for rape treatment received the drugs (Rovi S and Shimoni N. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2002;57:204-207). Efforts to address this time crunch by making the drugs available over-the-counter have been stalled, in part, by political pressure from groups that argue that emergency contraception would increase promiscuity or that it is tantamount to abortion. In December 2003, an FDA advisory panel voted 23-4 to recommend that the agency approve over-the-counter sales of Plan B, citing the drug’s safety and potential public health benefits of making it more readily available. But the agency denied the application, citing inadequate evidence for safety in young teens. The FDA has yet to make a decision on a second application by the manufacturer to make the drug available to women aged 17 years or older. Meanwhile, ACOG and a number of medical organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Medical Association, have announced their support of making Plan B available over-the-counter. These groups cite evidence of the drug’s safety, evidence that it cannot terminate an established pregnancy, and the potential public health benefits of reducing unintended pregnancies. Additionally, evidence has emerged that emergency contraceptive use does not increase promiscuity (Raine TR et al. JAMA. 2005;293:54-62). CDC: Immunize More Children for Influenza
Enigmatic Fever and Pelvic Thrombophlebitis
Authors: Leo J. Dunn, Lee W. Van Voorhis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

SINCE the early descriptions and considerations of Virchow, Hunter and Welch an extensive literature has been accumulated regarding thrombophlebitis and its related disorders.1 De Bakey,2 in 1954, listed more than 400 references in his review of thrombophlebitis. The diagnosis of the disease, the risks from embolism and the varieties of therapeutic regimens are well known. Less well known is the entity of septic pelvic thrombophlebitis. The disorder is relatively uncommon, and in our experience the diagnosis has been overlooked in many patients for inordinate periods.The purpose of this report is to review a particular form of septic pelvic thrombophlebitis . . .
Esophageal Contribution to "Clearance" of Pulmonary Aerosols
Authors: MOZAFAREDDIN K. KARIMEDDINI, GILDA A. McCURDY, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Midline activity, during a Tc-99m DTPA aerosol study, disappeared after drinking water. The esophagus should be cleared prior to measuring bronchopulmonary transit of particulates.
854 ALPHA-TAXILIN, A POSTULATED VESICLE TRAFFIC PROTEIN, MAY BE INVOLVED IN HEPATOCYTE PROLIFERATION
Authors: N. Ohtomo, T. Tomiya, Y. Tanoue, Y. Inoue, T. Nishikawa, N. Watanabe, H. Ikeda, M. Omata, Y. Seyama, N. Kokudo, J. Shibahara, M. Fukayama, H. Shirataki, K. Fujiwara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Antibody against platelet membrane glycoprotein VI in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Hoyu Takahashi, Masaaki Moroi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Platelet–collagen interaction is important in primary hemostasis and collagen receptors on the platelet surface include membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ia/IIa and VI. Platelets from a 47‐year‐old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a mild bleeding symptom showed a defective collagen‐induced aggregation and an impaired adhesion to collagen surface. The patient's platelets had a markedly decreased content of GPVI. The patient had an antibody against GPVI in serum and the patient's plasma induced aggregation and release reaction of normal platelets. These findings indicate that GPVI is an important receptor for collagen on the platelet surface, and that anti‐GPVI antibody activates the platelets, resulting in aggregation. This is the first documented case of SLE who acquired a platelet‐aggregating anti‐GPVI antibody. Am. J. Hematol. 67:262–267, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.