tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Regional Analgesia: an Appraisal
Authors: B. R. Kennedy, A. M. Dutthie, G. D. Parbrook, T. L. Carr
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Neither the operative mortality nor the survival rate had changed significantly during the 15 years.The survival rate was not affected by the proportion of lobectomies among the resections, although this had risen considerably during the 15 years.There was some correlation between the five-year survival rate and the resection rate.' Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. ResultsIntravenous regional analgesia was used in 77 patients.Analgesia was achieved for a wide range of surgical procedures on the hand, including median-nerve decompression, tendon repairs, and digital reconstructive operations.In 46 of the 77 cases E.C.G. records were obtained as described above.Analgesia.-This was classified as: complete in 78%, good in 7%, moderate in 12%, and poor in 3 %.
A Polyp Catcher Insertable with the Endoscope
Authors: H. Pröpper
Journal: Endoscopy (1974)

A finger cot fixed to a silk string can be used as a catcher for endoscopically resected polyps. So for the retrieval of multiple polyps a repeated intubation and extraction of the endoscope can be avoided. The development of a better instrument according to this model is suggested.
Do Bad Outcomes Mean Substandard Care?
Authors: Steven A. Schroeder
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In the study by Caplan et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue, a partial explanation of a persistent conundrum is offered. Previous research has shown that patients with serious adverse events are likely to be judged as receiving inappropriate or negligent care.<sup>2,3</sup>For example, in the recently published Harvard Medical Practice Study,<sup>3</sup>negligence was identified in 51% of adverse events that resulted in death but in only 22% of events that led to minimal impairment. Was the care really poor, or did the bad outcomes influence the review process? This study suggests that the reviewer's knowledge of the outcomes of care clouds the assessment of the process. Physician reviewers were presented with anesthesia cases from closed claims files and asked to review them for appropriateness of care using implicit criteria. Two versions of the same case were offered, identical in every respect except for the seriousness of the outcome.
Monitoring nasal allergic inflammation by measuring the concentration of eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophils in nasal secretions
Authors: D. Wang, P. Clement, J. Smitz, M. de Waele, M.‐P. Derde
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Quantitative measurement of the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentration and the percentage of eosinophils in nasal secretions has greatly improved our understanding of the inflammatory process after natural allergen exposure. ECP and eosinophils were measured in the nasal secretions of 40 symptomatic patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis during the pollen season. Results showed a significant relationship between a high concentration of ECP (median: 410 ng/g, range: 6–2380 ng/g) and a high percentage of eosinophils (median: 13.5%, range: 1–85%). This quantitative study again demonstrated that infiltration by eosinophils and release of ECP play a key role in allergic rhinitis. It also suggests that the combined measurement of the percentage of eosinophils together with the ECP concentration in nasal secretions seems to be a very useful model in monitoring and assessing the condition of chronic nasal inflammation in patients with allergic rhinitis.
ADENOMA OF SMALL INTESTINE IN AN INFANT, WITH RESULTING VOLVULUS
Authors: J. S. Manson
Journal: BMJ (1918)

THE condition encountered ill lie following case seems a rare-addition to theiintestinal troubles of infancy.On July4th,1918, during the heighit of'the influenza epidemic, a -efemale inant, aged 8 months, was brought to me with a histoy dif ivmiting-on -the previous day.The bowelshad.acted,an(d tthe temperature was raised.A simple laxative mixture was given.On Julv >8th the child was visited at home.The bow-els had not acted; the mother had given castor oil,-and vQomitiug.ha(lrecurred.Next day.a-simple enema was given, with no result.'Milk and water were retained with difficulty, and there -was great restlessness at night,'but no rise of temperature andno.abnormalsigns'inthe'luigs.Onu JilyJ1:th.anapkin wais shown eontaining a small quantity of.daikcognilated blood and some inspissated mucus.This was the-result.cif a second enemagiven on.thepreviousevening.A Tairly lirm mass was'felt in the right -lumbar and umbilical rqgions, while towards the left side, at the .same,level,two undulations whidh .might-resultifrom a rigid spuam of the small intestine,couEd"be seen.A diag1nosis.of intestinal obstruction, possibly due to 'intussuaception, was made, and the child Nvas admitted to the&WarringtonInfirmary.
Inflammasome mRNA Expression in Human Monocytes during Early Septic Shock
Authors: Ruairi J. Fahy, Matthew C. Exline, Mikhail A. Gavrilin, Nitin Y. Bhatt, Beth Y. Besecker, Anasuya Sarkar, Jennifer L. Hollyfield, Michelle D. Duncan, Haikady N. Nagaraja, Nina L. Knatz, Mark Hall, Mark D. Wewers
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: Monocytes are central to the initiation of the inflammatory response in sepsis, with caspase-1 activation playing a key role. Monocyte deactivation during sepsis has been linked to poor outcomes.Objectives: Given the importance of caspase-1 in the immune response, we investigated whether monocytes from patients early in septic shock demonstrate alterations in mRNAs for caspase-1–related molecules.Methods: Patients with septic shock (n = 26; age >18 years), critically ill intensive care unit patients (n = 20), and healthy volunteers (n = 22) were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in a university intensive care unit. Demographic, biological, physiologic, and plasma cytokine measurements were obtained. Monocytes were assayed for ex vivo tumor necrosis factor-α production, and fresh monocyte mRNA was analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for Toll-like receptors, NOD-LRR proteins, cytokines, and nuclear factor-κB–related genes.Measurements and Main Results: Relative copy numbers for the inflammasome mRNAs for ASC, caspase-1, NALP1, and Pypaf-7 were significantly lower in patients with septic shock compared with critically ill control subjects. NALP1 mRNA levels were linked to survival in patients with sepsis (P = 0.0068) and correlated with SAPS II scores (r = −0.63).Conclusions: These data suggest that monocyte deactivation occurs during the earliest stages of the systemic inflammatory response and that changes in inflammasome mRNA expression are part of this process.
Relationship of oxygen and glutathione in protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation and covalent binding in the rat. Rationale for the use of hyperbaric oxygen to treat carbon tetrachloride ingestion.
Authors: R F Burk, J M Lane, K Patel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

CCl4 exerts its toxicity through its metabolites, including the free radicals CCl3. and CCl(3)00.. Oxygen strongly inhibits the hepatic cytochrome P-450-mediated formation of CCl3. from CCl4 and promotes the conversion of CCl3. to CCl(3)00.. Both these free radicals injure the hepatocyte by causing lipid peroxidation and binding covalently to cell structures. A reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent mechanism can protect the liver microsomal membrane against CCl4-induced damage under aerobic conditions but not under anaerobic conditions (Burk, R.F., K. Patel, and J.M. Lane, 1983, Biochem. J., 215:441-445). Experiments were carried out using rat liver microsomes to examine the effect of O2 tensions found in the liver and of GSH on CCl4-induced covalent binding and lipid peroxidation. An NADPH-supplemented microsomal system was used. CCl4 or 14CCl4 was added to the sealed flask that contained the system, and after 20 min CHCl3 production, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (an index of lipid peroxidation), and covalent binding of 14C were measured. O2 tensions of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 21% were studied. Increases in O2 tension caused a fall in CHCl3 production, which indicated that it decreased CCl3.. GSH had no significant effect on CHCl3 production at any O2 tension. Lipid peroxidation and covalent binding of 14C fell progressively as O2 tension was increased from 1 to 21%. The addition of GSH decreased both lipid peroxidation and covalent binding, but did so better at the higher O2 tensions than at the lower ones. These results indicate that low O2 tensions such as are found in the centrilobular areas of the liver favor conversion of CCl4 to free radical products which cannot be detoxified by the GSH-dependent mechanism. They suggest that hyperbaric O2 might decrease free radical formation in the liver in vivo and promote formation of CCl(3)00. from CCl3.. This should result in diminished CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation and liver damage. Rats given CCl4 (2.5 ml/kg) were studied in metabolic chambers. Production of CHCl3 and ethane, the latter an index of lipid peroxidation, were measured. Rats in two atmospheres of 100% O2 produced much less CHCl3 and ethane than rats in air. This strongly suggests that hyperbaric O2 is decreasing free radical formation from CCl4 and/or promoting the formation of CCl(3)00. from CCl3.. These results provide the rationale for the use of hyperbaric O2 in the treatment of CCl4 ingestion.
Prophylaxis of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
Authors: Joseph M. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

ACUTE rheumatic fever is a repetitive disease, and recurrences have been observed in 50 to 70 per cent of persons so afflicted.1 2 3 4 Bland and Jones,5 , 6 in a twenty-year follow-up study of 1000 patients, noted a gradual decrease in the recurrence rate with increasing passage of time after the first attack, but any single rheumatic episode may result in progressive deformity of the heart valves. Because of this close relation between the acute inflammatory process of rheumatic fever and the possibility of subsequent valvular scarring, efforts to prevent rheumatic heart disease were long directed toward elucidating the nature and cause of . . .
Erratum: Corrigendum: PAI-1 mediates the antiangiogenic and profibrinolytic effects of 16K prolactin
Authors: Khalid Bajou, Stephanie Herkenne, Victor L Thijssen, Salvino D'Amico, Ngoc-Quynh-Nhu Nguyen, Ann Bouché, Sébastien Tabruyn, Mohammed Srahna, Jean-Yves Carabin, Olivier Nivelles, Cécile Paques, Ivo Cornelissen, Michelle Lion, Agnès Noel, Ann Gils, Stefan Vinckier, Paul J Declerck, Arjan W Griffioen, Mieke Dewerchin, Joseph A Martial, Peter Carmeliet, Ingrid Struman
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Taxol-Induced Soft-Tissue Injury Secondary to Extravasation: Characterization by Histopathology and Clinical Course
Authors: J. A. Ajani, L. G. Dodd, K. Daugherty, D. Warkentin, D. H. Ilson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Taxol-Induced Soft-Tissue Injury Secondary to Extravasation: Characterization by Histopathology and Clinical Course Get access Jaffer A. Ajani, Jaffer A. Ajani Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Digestive DiseasesHouston. Tex Correspondence to : Jaffer A. Ajani. M.D. Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Digestive Diseases, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Box 78, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030-4095. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leslie G. Dodd, Leslie G. Dodd Department of PathologyHouston. Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Karen Daugherty, Karen Daugherty Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Digestive DiseasesHouston. Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dawn Warkentin, Dawn Warkentin Division of Pharmacy. The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer, CenterHouston. Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David H. Ilson David H. Ilson Gastrointestinal Oncology Service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York. N.Y. * ldquo;Notes" section following "References." Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 1, 5 January 1994, Pages 51–53, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.1.51 Published: 05 January 1994 Article history Received: 15 July 1993 Revision received: 22 September 1993 Accepted: 29 September 1993 Published: 05 January 1994
The Order of Authorship
Authors: Stephen B. Hulley
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your editorial on authorship<sup>1</sup>focuses chiefly on the prime mover and others nearby. As someone who has been last author on 85% of my last 20 submissions, I would like to direct attention to the nether region of the list. Your throwaway line that "by tradition many reserve the position of last author for the senior member of the research team or the department or division director" pays too little attention to the importance of the ultimate position on the list. And by lumping the senior scientist with the department head, it misses the distinction between a fine old practice and a dubious new one. The proper place for the "senior member of the research team" is indeed that of last author. This symbolizes the anchoring role that individual has played—the strong level of participation (and often governance) in the design, implementation, and analysis of the
Health in South Asia: Roll on health in Africa issue
Authors: Joseph Ana
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Future of Kerala depends on its willingness to learn from pastEditor-The Kerala model in health, cited by Bhutta et al in the theme issue on health in South Asia as replicable for South Asian countries, 1 is facing serious threats.The state has a triple burden of communicable, non-communicable, and traumatic diseases.Stupendous growth of the private sector has resulted in skyrocketing healthcare costs.Lured by the hi tech sophistication of the private sector, people are abandoning basic principles of primary health care.Even poor people prefer private hospitals, and a major reason for sustaining poverty is healthcare cost. 2 The government is reducing its investments in health and education due to fiscal crises and pressure from funding and lending agencies.The opening up of the medical education sector to private entrepreneurs, lack of guidelines for the private practice of government doctors, and shortage of doctors for rural areas are all disturbing developments.Transfer of healthcare institutions under local self-governments is yet to show the desired benefits.The state is developing a long term plan, "Health Vision Kerala 2025," and a health policy.To equip the primary healthcare workforce to face the emerging challenges, 3 job responsibilities were redefined recently.Factors that determined the successful Kerala model, among others, include historically prevalent social justice, commitment of governments to health and education, land reforms, an organised public distribution system, streamlined primary health care, and an organised labour sector.Deterioration in these determinants is likely to have strong negative impact.Kerala should learn from its past to avoid the sad plight of some other Indian states.
Abstract 3898: Glioma stem cells promote brain endothelial cell motility: a new mechanism for the direct interaction of glioma stem cells with endothelial cells.
Authors: Monica E. Burgett, Ping Huang, Russell S. Tipps, Amit Vasanji, Justin D. Lathia, Meizhang Li, Shideng Bao, Jeremy N. Rich, Candece L. Gladson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Angiogenesis, the development of a neovasculature, is a key histologic feature of malignant glioma. It occurs through multiple mechanisms, including sprouting and migration of existing endothelial cells (ECs), and is driven by signals in the microenvironment. Glioma stem cells (GSC) inhabit a region near ECs (perivascular niche). Here we examined the hypothesis that GSCs interact directly with ECs and promote EC motility. In 4 of 5 glioblastoma biopsies we found that ∼40% of GSCs were localized within 25 μm of ECs, based on double-labeling for Sox2 and vWf. We then examined the effect of GSCs on EC motility when plated on a 2D laminin substrate, and found a significant increase in EC motility in the presence of GSCs as well as a direct interaction. In a 3D assay, EC migration was enhanced by GSC-conditioned media, but the physical presence and interaction between ECs and GSCs further increased EC migration through a laminin-coated, 3-μm pore filter, as compared to GSC-conditioned media. Integrin αvβ3 and L1CAM have been reported to be upregulated on ECs and GSCs, respectively, in GBM tumors, and integrin αvβ3 can bind the RGD-peptide in L1CAM. We examined the effect of blocking or downregulating integrin αvβ3 or L1CAM on EC interaction with GSCs. In a cell-cell binding assay, blocking or downregulating the integrin β3 subunit significantly inhibited EC-GSC direct contact, as did an RGD peptide and an antibody to L1CAM. Furthermore, downregulation of integrin β3 on ECs significantly reduced EC migration in the presence of GSCs in the transwell migration assay and reduced EC association with GSCs in mouse brain slices in organotypic culture, analyzed by 2-Photon-LSM. These data suggest GSCs promote angiogenesis in part by promoting EC motility, and that the EC-GSC direct interaction mediated by integrin αvβ3 on ECs and L1CAM on GSCs also stimulates EC motility. Citation Format: Monica E. Burgett, Ping Huang, Russell S. Tipps, Amit Vasanji, Justin D. Lathia, Meizhang Li, Shideng Bao, Jeremy N. Rich, Candece L. Gladson. Glioma stem cells promote brain endothelial cell motility: a new mechanism for the direct interaction of glioma stem cells with endothelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3898. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3898
Beyond the Development of Health-Related Quality-of-Life (HRQOL) Measures: A Checklist for Evaluating HRQOL Outcomes in Cancer Clinical Trials—Does HRQOL Evaluation in Prostate Cancer Research Inform Clinical Decision Making?
Authors: Fabio Efficace, Andrew Bottomley, David Osoba, Carolyn Gotay, Henning Flechtner, Sven D’haese, Alfredo Zurlo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the inclusion of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), as a part of the trial design in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) setting, has supported clinical decision making for the planning of future medical treatments in prostate cancer.A minimum standard checklist for evaluating HRQOL outcomes in cancer clinical trials was devised to assess the quality of the HRQOL reporting and to classify the studies on the grounds of their robustness. It comprises 11 key HRQOL issues grouped into four broader sections: conceptual, measurement, methodology, and interpretation. Relevant studies were identified in a number of databases, including MEDLINE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Both their HRQOL and traditional clinical reported outcomes were systematically analyzed to evaluate their consistency and their relevance for supporting clinical decision making.Although 54% of the identified studies did not show any differences in traditional clinical end points between treatment arms and 17% showed a difference in overall survival, 74% of the studies showed some difference in terms of HRQOL outcomes. One third of the RCTs provided a comprehensive picture of the whole treatment including HRQOL outcomes to support their conclusions.A minimum set of criteria for assessing the reported outcomes in cancer clinical trials is necessary to make informed decisions in clinical practice. Using a checklist developed for this study, it was found that HRQOL is a valuable source of information in RCTs of treatment in metastatic prostate cancer.
Abstract 2037: Cyclin D1 overexpression supports stable EBV infection in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells
Authors: George Sai-Wah Tsao, C M. Tsang, Y L. Yip, G T. Zhang, W Deng, K W. Lo, Victoria Lau, P M. Hau, M Lung
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Poorly or undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is regularly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. EBV infection of premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells has been postulated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We have previously reported that genetic alterations could be detected in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues. It is not clear if these genetic alterations may associate with the establishment of EBV infection. In this study, we have examined the role of cyclin D1 in supporting EBV infection in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. While cyclin D1 is commonly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues we found that overexpression of cycline D1 is readily detected in dysplastic nasopharyngeal epithelial closely associated with EBV infection. Furthermore, using a panel of immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, we demonstrated that overexpression of cyclin D1 or CKD4 supports EBV infection and result in the establishment of stable EBV infected nasopharyngeal cell lines. We also observed that EBV infection induced growth inhibition and senescence in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, which may be the underlying reason for low detection rate of EBV infection in healthy nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues. However, cyclin D1 overexpression suppressed senescence and differentiation in the immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, suggesting cyclin D1 may play an important role in supporting EBV infection in these cells. We postulated that the altered expression of cyclin D1 or CDK4 in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells may over-ride the growth suppression effects of EBV infection and support EBV latent infection in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Acknowledgement: This study is sponsored by grant support received from the Hong Kong Research Grant Council (Grant number: GRF780911 and AoE /M-06/08) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2037. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2037
George Stephen Clive Sowry
Authors: G. Bevan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former consultant physician Edgware General Hospital (b 1917; q St Mary's Hospital, London, 1940; FRCP, FRCP Ed), died peacefully on 4 September 2001.

Clive joined the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve in 1941 and saw active service in the North Atlantic. In 1953 he was appointed consultant physician at Edgware General Hospital, where he established a diabetic clinic. In 1957 he became medical administrator there. He was influential in the educational activities of the Royal College of Physicians, playing a major part in modernising the MRCP examination. Clive laid the basis of a strong educational tradition at Edgware Hospital, which led to the endowment of university hospital status. He leaves a wife, Jeanne, and two children.