tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Aspects of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Lawson R Wulsin, Alan M Jacobson, Lawrence I Rand
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Diabetic retinopathy, particularly in the more advanced stages, poses many difficult psychosocial problems and demands major adjustments by the patient. Our review of this literature has identified specific problems relevant to patient care, future research, and public policy. For example, proliferative retinopathy often leads to at least partial visual impairment, psychiatric symptoms, and difficulties with glycemic control. Partial visual impairment appears to cause as much psychosocial disruption as severe blindness. This suggests that most rehabilitation programs that serve the legally blind may come too late in the course of this illness. This review emphasizes the paucity of past research on psychosocial aspects of diabetic retinopathy and raises some questions for future research.
The Sad Truth About Early Initiation of Dialysis in Elderly Patients
Authors: Steven J. Rosansky
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of intratumoral pharmacokinetics of fluorouracil with clinical response
Authors: C.A Presant, W Wolf, V Waluch, C Wiseman, P Kennedy, D Blayney, V Waluch, W Wolf, R.R Brechner, C.A Presant, C Wiseman, D Kennedy, D Blayney, V Waluch, R.R Brechner, C.A Presant, C Wiseman, P Kennedy, D Blayney
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Neurath's ship: The constitutive relation between normative and descriptive theories of rationality
Authors: Michael R. Waldmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract I defend the claim that in psychological theories concerned with theoretical or practical rationality there is a constitutive relation between normative and descriptive theories: Normative theories provide idealized descriptive accounts of rational agents. However, we need to resist the temptation to collapse descriptive theories with any specific normative theory. I show how a partial separation is possible.
Asthma and Wind Instruments
Authors: Henry T. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Alvan L. Barach's superb and erudite answer in the Questions and Answers section, on page 398 ofThe Journalof April 29, 1961, on asthma and wind instruments is fine as far as it goes. However, one important aspect is not mentioned. This is that in the presence of infection the performance of the Valsalva maneuver or any other experiment which increases the pressures in the upper respiratory tract is quite conducive of otitis media. This can be likened to descent from high altitude, in which patients with upper respiratory infections have more trouble than on the ascent with decreasing pressures.
Discordance between physician and adolescent assessments of adherence to treatment: influence of HbA1c level. The PEDIAB Collaborative Group.
Authors: L Du Pasquier-Fediaevsky, N Tubiana-Rufi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the subjective assessments (perceptions) of physicians and adolescent diabetic patients on the adolescents' adherence to treatment and to test the hypothesis that the HbA1c level influences physicians' perceptions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a multicenter cross-sectional survey, 143 adolescents with diabetes (mean age 14.6 years) auto-assessed, while their pediatricians independently assessed, the level of adherence to treatment on a four-point scale. Scores of adherence given by a validated scale and metabolic control (HbA1c) were compared according to those assessments. RESULTS: Agreement between the adherence perceptions from adolescents and physicians was low (kappa = 0.23), and adolescents scored significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Mean adherence score to diabetes treatment was significantly higher when the adolescents' perception of their self-care behaviors was good than when it was poor (P = 0.01), but did not significantly differ according to physicians' perception. Mean HbA1c level was significantly lower when the self-care behavior perception was good than when it was poor, both for the adolescents (P = 0.02) and for the physicians (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that only the adherence scale score was significantly associated with the adolescents' perception (P = 0.015), whereas only HbA1c level was significantly associated with the physicians' perception (P = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS: By identifying the possible discrepancy between their own assessment of adherence and that of adolescents, and by avoiding the systematic attribution of poor metabolic control to poor adherence, physicians could generate a more confident and collaborative relationship with diabetic adolescents and therefore facilitate adolescents' self-management.
Transoral gastroplasty is safe, feasible, and induces significant weight loss in morbidly obese patients: results of the second human pilot study
Authors: C. Moreno, J. Closset, S. Dugardeyn, M. Baréa, A. Mehdi, L. Collignon, M. Zalcman, M. Baurain, O. Le Moine, J. Devière
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Corrected by: Transoral gastroplasty is safe, feasible, and induces significant weight loss in morbidly obese patients: results of the second human pilot studyEndoscopy 2008; 40(06): 537-537DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1077370 See also: Commentaire de travail de C. Moreno et al., pp. 406Endoscopy 2008; 40(05): 455-455DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306833
Abstract 148: Release of the TNF-family member BAFF by NK cells contributes to the resistance of chronic lymphoid leukemia cells to direct and Rituximab-induced NK reactivity
Authors: Julia Wild, Benjamin J. Schmiedel, Andreas Maurer, Stefanie Raab, Pascal Schneider, Helmut R. Salih
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract NK cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that are particularly important for the immunosurveillance of leukemia. Due to their ability to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), NK cells substantially contribute to the therapeutic benefit of antitumor antibodies like Rituximab, which is a crucial component in the treatment of B cell malignancies. Available data indicate that the ability of NK cells to target malignant cells and to mediate ADCC is compromised in Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia (CLL), but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear (Jaglowski et al., Blood 2010). With the TNF family member B cell activating factor (BAFF) that regulates, among others, the proliferation and survival of B cells, we believe to have identified a factor which contributes to these clinical observations. We report that NK cells express BAFF on the mRNA level and release the protein in a soluble form with the levels depending on activation state. Notably, relevant BAFF surface expression was neither detected on resting nor activated NK cells. Using a tetrazolium salt based colorimetric assay we found that NK cell-derived BAFF enhances the metabolic activity of primary CLL cells. In addition, BAFF protects CLL cells from chemotherapy-induced cell death e.g. upon treatment with Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide. Notably, the BAFF-specific antibody Belimumab, which is approved for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, was found to block the leukemia cell-protective effects of BAFF and to restore the sensitivity of the leukemia cells to chemotherapy. Furthermore, BAFF was found to substantially reduce direct NK cell lysis and also Rituximab-mediated ADCC in cultures with primary CLL cells as measured by Europium cytotoxicity assays. Our data on the capacity of BAFF to enhance the metabolic activity of B-CLL cells and their resistance to NK cell cytotoxicity suggest its involvement in the compromised ability of NK cells to combat lymphoid as compared to myeloid leukemias (Pende et al., Blood 2005) and the reportedly impaired ability of NK cells to mediate ADCC upon Rituximab treatment in CLL. Furthermore, our findings point to a possible benefit of combinatory approaches employing Rituximab and Belimumab for immunotherapy of B cell malignancies. Citation Format: Julia Wild, Benjamin J. Schmiedel, Andreas Maurer, Stefanie Raab, Pascal Schneider, Helmut R. Salih. Release of the TNF-family member BAFF by NK cells contributes to the resistance of chronic lymphoid leukemia cells to direct and Rituximab-induced NK reactivity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 148. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-148
Typhlitis. A treatable cause of recurrent septicemia
Authors: Bruce H. Pokorney, James M. Jones, Bahu S. Shaikh, Robert C. Aber
Journal: JAMA (1980)

UNEXPLAINED febrile episodes and recurrent septicemia from unidentified sources occur in neutropenic patients. Patients with leukemias and lymphomas commonly are found to have gastrointestinal tract lesions at postmortem examination.<sup>1,2</sup>These lesions may serve as portals of entry for bacteria. Typhlitis, ie, inflammation of the cecum, has been reported by Wagner et al<sup>3</sup>to be present in approximately 10% of patients with leukemia at postmortem examination. Varki et al<sup>4</sup>recently reported successful outcome of typhlitis treated in a patient with acute leukemia. The following case report suggests that recurrent bacteremia with different organisms may be a sign of early typhlitis, and, to the best of our knowledge, is the first reported antemortem diagnosis of typhlitis in a patient with aplastic anemia. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A previously healthy, 28-year old woman was admitted to The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pa, in August 1976 for evaluation of
Interacting mast cells and eosinophils acquire an enhanced activation state <i>in vitro</i>
Authors: M. Elishmereni, I. Bachelet, A. H. Nissim Ben‐Efraim, D. Mankuta, F. Levi‐Schaffer
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Mast cells ( MC s) and eosinophils (Eos), the key effector cells in allergy, are abundantly co‐localized particularly in the late and chronic stages of allergic inflammation. Recent evidence has outlined a specialized ‘allergic effector unit’ in which MC s and Eos communicate via both soluble mediators and physical contact. However, the functional impact of this bi‐directional crosstalk on the cells' effector activities has not yet been revealed. We aimed to investigate whether MC /eosinophil interactions can influence the immediate and late activation phenotypes of these cells. Methods Human and murine MC s and Eos were co‐cultured under various conditions for 1–2 h or 1–3 days, and in selected experiments cell–cell contact was blocked. Cell migration and mediator release were examined, and flow cytometry was applied to stain intracellular signaling molecules and surface receptors. Results Eosinophils enhanced basal MC s mediator release and co‐stimulated I g E ‐activated MC s through physical contact involving CD 48–2 B 4 interactions. Reciprocally, resting and I g E ‐stimulated MC s led to eosinophil migration and activation through a paracrine‐dependent mechanism. Increased phosphorylation of activation‐associated signaling molecules, and enhanced release of tumor necrosis factor α, was observed in long‐term co‐cultures. Eosinophils also showed enhanced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, which depended on direct contact with MC s. Conclusions Our findings reveal a new role for MC /eosinophil interplay in augmenting short‐ and long‐term activation in both cells, in a combined physical/paracrine manner. This enhanced functional activity may thus critically contribute to the perpetuation of the inflammatory response in allergic conditions.
Albumin-Induced Elevation Of Alkaline Phosphatase
Authors: Diane T. Wilkins
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It has been suggested that the placental components of certain commercial albumin preparations might induce elevations of alkaline phosphatase levels in the serum of patients who received them.<sup>1</sup>We recently encountered such a case and present it as an example of the diagnostic confusion which may result. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 58-year-old man with a 30-year history of multiple sclerosis was acutely ill on admission to the New England Medical Center on May 26, 1970, because of bacteremia. The temperature was 103 F, the blood pressure was 90/50 mm Hg, and the white blood cell count (WBC) was 28,000/cu mm. A large sacral decubitus ulcer appeared to be healing well. The patient was treated with intravenously administered kanamycin sulfate and cephalothin sodium, and fluids which included 500 ml of 5% normal human serum albumin (Albuspan). Laboratory studies showed the following values: alkaline phosphatase, 8.6 Bodansky
Parents sue over contaminated human growth hormone
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The family of a woman who received growth hormone in 1985 and who went on to develop Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in 1999 and died in June last year is suing the Pasteur Institute and France-Hypophyse, an association that was responsible for the collection of pituitaries, for compensation.

The family refused the government's compensation …
729 MAINTENANCE PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A TREATMENT REDUCES HBSAG LEVEL IN GENOTYPE D HBEAG-NEGATIVE INTERFERON-RESPONDERS (INTERIM RESULTS)
Authors: Z. Krastev, D. Jelev, A. Ivanova, K. Antonov, O. Kosseva, I. Kotzev, I. Ivanova, R. Balabanska
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Hypothyroidism-Associated Cholestasis
Authors: C. Raul Ariza
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We describe herein a case of cholestasis probably caused by hypothyroidism. We are unaware of similar previous reports. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 54-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of eight months of lethargy, constipation, cold intolerance, weight gain, and slowing of intellectual and motor activity, plus jaundice for the last two months. She was previously healthy and had not received any medication. Physical examination disclosed a jaundiced and obese woman with dry hair that fell out easily, macroglossia, cool skin, generalized myxedema, and absent tendon reflexes. The thyroid was not palpable, and there was neither hepatosplenomegaly nor signs of hepatic failure. Laboratory studies disclosed the following values: total serum cholesterol, 335 mg/dL; triglycerides, 337 mg/dL; direct bilirubin, 5.25 mg/dL; indirect bilirubin, 0.75 mg/dL; SGOT, 72 units/dL (reference range, 8 to 40 units/dL); SGPT, 25 units/ dL (range, 5 to 35 units/dL); and alkaline phosphatase,
Adrenalectomy and Oophorectomy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Thomas S. Nelsen
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Twenty-four consecutive patients with recurrent cancer of the breast were treated by bilateral oophorectomy and adrenalectomy. Fourteen or 58% secured marked subjective improvement and survived for an average of 44 months. Seven patients are still living, an average of 60 months since adrenalectomy. It is suggested that this procedure be employed as soon as metastatic lesions from breast carcinoma are diagnosed.
1023-91 Relationship between β-adrenergic system polymorphisms and coronary peak flow velocity ratio in women: Analysis from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)
Authors: Issam Zineh, Susan P McGorray, Lacy L Jernigan, Dennis M McNamara, Daniel F Pauly, C.Noel Bairey Merz, Carl J Pepine, Julie A Johnson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Nations signal support for WHO to stockpile H5N1 vaccine
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The government has admitted that it will have to wait years before it discovers whether there are real productivity gains from the new consultants' contract.NHS leaders also told the House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts last week that lessons had been learnt from mistakes made when the contract was introduced, such as not piloting it before implementation.They were giving evidence as part of the committee's inquiry into the consultants' contract.The session was prompted by the publication earlier this month of a report from the government's
Epilepsy and Electroencephalographic Abnormalities in Chronic Surgical Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: LEON S. BASSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The electroencephalographic findings in 41 patients with chronic surgical hypoparathyroidism are presented. Of the 21 patients with normal electroencephalograms (EEG's), 3 gave a history of epilepsy. Of the 20 patients with abnormal EEG's, 11 gave a history of epilepsy. Five of the eight patients with focal EEG abnormalities had neurologic disorders antedating their thyroidectomies or not directly associated with hypoparathyroidism. There was no correlation between the serum calcium and the EEG. The restoration of normal serum calcium concentrations in patients with previous hypocalcemia was not associated with corresponding changes in the EEG in these patients.
A Vasculopathy with Deposition of Lambda Light Chain Crystals
Authors: Giancarlo C. Stone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

An 82-year-old man and a 34-year-old woman developed subacute, obstructive, fatal vasculopathies characterized by extensive crystalline tissue deposits and monoclonal lambda light chain serum components. Cryocrystalglobulinemia was also present in one patient, and the purified crystals contained only lambda light chain dimers. Although the presentation of these patients resembled that of systemic necrotizing vasculitis, histologic evidence of inflammation was lacking and their subsequent rapid clinical deterioration was not altered by corticosteroid therapy, and in one case cyclophosphamide and plasmapheresis. Both patients died within 3 weeks of presentation.
Government tells Air India to stop selling electronic cigarettes
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Indian Health Ministry has written to the civil aviation ministry complaining that the national carrier Air India is selling tobacco free electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, on board, through the discount booklet known as Air Bazaar , in contravention of rules banning the advertising of cigarettes and other tobacco products. 

The booklet features an image of a model smoking the cigarette as part of the advertisement. 

The ministry argues that the action violates section …
Cerebrovascular Complications of the Use of the Crack Form of Alkaloidal Cocaine
Authors: Steven R. Levine, John C.M. Brust, Nancy Futrell, K.-L. Ho, David Blake, Clark H. Millikan, Lawrence M. Brass, Pierre Fayad, Lonni R. Schultz, James F. Selwa, K.M.A. Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The use of cocaine, especially one of its alkaloidal forms ("crack"), has been increasingly associated with cerebrovascular disease. To clarify the clinical, radiologic, and pathological features of the events associated with cocaine use, we identified 28 patients at four medical centers who had stroke temporally related to the use of alkaloidal cocaine (during or within 72 hours of use).
Safety concerns about breast implants persist
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The US Food and Drug Administration will continue to evaluate the safety of silicone breast implants before making a decision on reapproval, despite a recent recommendation from its advisers.

After a marathon two day hearing last week, the FDA's advisory panel on plastic surgery voted to end the 10 year moratorium on silicone implants for breast enlargement, though safety concerns saw the panel spilt, with a vote of nine to six in favour. …
Book: Disturbing Ground
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Priscilla Masters Allison & Busby, £17.99, pp 254 ISBN 0 7490 0582 3 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Be honest. Have you ever received some shocking news about a patient (suicide, murder, incarceration, abuse) and pulled their medical notes off the shelf out of curiosity? I certainly have. The archive of unremarkable, even commonplace, entries made on the record years or even decades previously acquire a new significance when reinterpreted in the light of the subsequent dramatic event. Frequent attendance as a child with minor ailments, an unusual head injury, a curious phobia, or a two year gap when the patient claimed to have … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Efficacy of Annual Colonoscopic Surveillance in Individuals With Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Christoph Engel, Nils Rahner, Karsten Schulmann, Elke Holinski–Feder, Timm O. Goecke, Hans K. Schackert, Matthias Kloor, Verena Steinke, Holger Vogelsang, Gabriela Möslein, Heike Görgens, Stefan Dechant, Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz, Josef Rüschoff, Nicolaus Friedrichs, Reinhard Büttner, Markus Loeffler, Peter Propping, Wolff Schmiegel
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Effect of l-norepinephrine on left ventricular diastolic pressures in man
Authors: L. Cudkowicz
Journal: Thorax (1968)

Left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular diastolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and central blood volume were specifically measured in seven patients with normal cardiovascular systems before and during the tenth minute of an infusion of <i>l</i>-norepinephrine and the emergence of a `square wave9 pattern in the peripheral arterial blood pressure during Valsalva9s manœuvre. At that time point the mean left ventricular systolic pressure exceeded the resting level. The mean left ventricular diastolic pressure rose by 6 mm. Hg, and the mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure rose by 5·5 mm. Hg. The left ventricular output remained unchanged. A reduction in the heart rate of 13 beats/minute was found, and the calculated mean systemic vascular resistance, mean left ventricular stroke volume, and left ventricular stroke work continued to be above resting levels. No change was apparent in the central blood volume. The results indicate that the left ventricular diastolic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure rise significantly in the course of a prolonged infusion of <i>l</i>-norepinephrine coinciding with left ventricular after-loading. The magnitude of this elevation affects all diastolic pressures passively throughout the lesser circulation, including the central venous pressure. <i>l</i>-Norepinephrine is markedly inotropic when released within the myocardium. In the usual clinical dose and during a period of 10 minutes9 infusion its efferent vagal, peripheral, arteriolar constrictor, and left ventricle after-load effects reduce the initial inotropy.