tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increase in activated CD8+ cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis.
Authors: H Mukae, J Kadota, S Kohno, S Kusano, T Morikawa, S Matsukura, K Hara
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To study the role of T cells in diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), we investigated T-cell subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or 33 patients with DPB, nine patients with bronchiectasis, and 20 healthy volunteers. BALF from DPB patients contained a higher percentage of neutrophils than that from patients with bronchiectasis or healthy volunteers, whereas the percentage of lymphocytes was similar in the three groups. DPB patients, however, had a higher number of lymphocytes and a reduced CD4/CD8 ratio compared with the other subjects. A two-color analysis of T-cell subsets in peripheral blood and BALF revealed a significant increase in the percentage and number of CD8+HLA-DR+ cells and in the number of CD4+HLA-DR+ cells in BALF of DPB patients. The expression of the adhesion molecules CD 11a and CD18 on lung CD3+ cells was enhanced over that on blood CD3+ cells in DPB patients. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of these antigens in peripheral blood or BALF among the groups. There was no significant relationship between BALF interleukin (IL)-8 and lymphocyte accumulation in the lungs of the DPB patients, whereas a significant correlation between the percentage of neutrophils and IL-8 levels in BALF of DPB patients was observed. After treatment with macrolide antibiotics, a significant reduction in the number of lymphocytes and activated CD8+ cells and an elevation in the CD4/CD8 ratio in BALF of DPB patients was observed. Our findings suggest an activation of CD8+ cells in the airway lumen of DPB patients, supporting the hypothesis that lymphocytes are important cellular components of bronchial inflammation in DPB.
Comparative Analysis of Imaging Sensitivity of Positron Emission Mammography and Whole-Body PET in Relation to Tumor Size
Authors: Yayoi Yamamoto, Yukihiko Ozawa, Kouichi Kubouchi, Seigo Nakamura, Yasuo Nakajima, Tomio Inoue
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Positron emission mammography (PEM) consists of a dedicated PET scanner for breast imaging with a higher spatial resolution than whole-body PET (WBPET) scanners. This study compared the imaging sensitivity of PEM with WBPET in relation to tumor size.Fifty-four Japanese women younger than 50 years with histologically confirmed breast lesions were retrospectively enrolled. Positron emission mammography and WBPET were conducted on the same day. Positron emission mammography and WBPET images were blindly evaluated and compared with histopathology. Tumors were classified into 3 groups based on size as follows: group 1, 1 cm or smaller; group 2, 1 to 2 cm; and group 3, larger than 2 cm. The sensitivities of PEM and WBPET were compared in overall subjects and in each size group.In visual analysis, the overall imaging sensitivity was 78.6% (33/42) for PEM and 47.6% (20/42) for WBPET. The overall sensitivity of PEM was significantly higher than that of WBPET (P < 0.001). The differences in sensitivities between PEM and WBPET were larger in smaller tumors: group 1 (66.7% vs 13.3%), group 2 (63.4% vs 36.4%), and group 3 (100.0% vs 87.5%). The sensitivity of PEM was significantly higher than that of WBPET in group 1 (P = 0.008); however, no significant differences were seen in group 2 (P = 0.500) or group 3 (P = 0.250). Overall, the imaging specificity of PEM and WEBPET was 90.6% (60/66) and 93.9% (62/66), respectively.The imaging sensitivity of PEM was higher than that of WBPET in Japanese women younger than 50 years. Positron emission mammography showed significant sensitivity in tumors smaller than 1 cm, which has been a weak point for WBPET.
Evaluation de la vidéo-capsule endoscopique oesophagienne (PillCam® ESO) pour le dépistage des varices oesophagiennes: une étude prospective multicentrique française
Authors: MG Lapalus, E Ben Soussan, M Gaudric, JC Saurin, PN d'Halluin, B Filoche, O Favre, F Cholet, A de Leusse, M Antonietti, J Dumortier
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: La présence de varices œsophagiennes (VO) doit être dépistée en cas de cirrhose afin de prévenir le risque d'hémorragie digestive par rupture de VO. La gastroscopie (EGD) est l'examen de référence pour le diagnostic de l'hypertension portale (HTP). Des études pilotes récentes (1) ont suggéré que la vidéo-capsule œsophagienne (VCO) PillCam ESO pourrait être proposée pour le dépistage non invasif des VO. Une étude prospective, multicentrique et comparative a été menée afin de confirmer ces résultats préliminaires.
INVESTIGATTONS INTO CANTHARIDIN BLISTERS RAISED ON APPARENTLY NORMAL SKIN IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL SUBJECTS.
Authors: J. H. ALLISON, F. RAY BETTLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article INVESTIGATTONS INTO CANTHARIDIN BLISTERS RAISED ON APPARENTLY NORMAL SKIN IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL SUBJECTS. Get access J. H. ALLISON, M.B., M.R.C.P., J. H. ALLISON, M.B., M.R.C.P. Department of Dermatology and The Institute of Clinical Research, Middlesex Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. RAY BETTLEY, M.D., F.R.C.P. F. RAY BETTLEY, M.D., F.R.C.P. Department of Dermatology and The Institute of Clinical Research, Middlesex Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 10, 1 October 1958, Pages 331–339, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13792.x Published: 01 October 1958
909. Comparison of Early Stage Healing Responses of Injured Flexor Tendons with Tissue Reactions after Delivery of Adenoviral and Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors to Digital Flexor Tendons
Authors: Bei Zhu, Yi Cao, Ke-Qin Xin, Ian C Summerhayes, Xiao Tian Wang, Paul Y. Liu, Jin Bo Tang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

PURPOSE Delivery of growth factors that may substantially increase the healing rate of injured digital flexor tendons is a new arena of application of gene therapy. So far adenoviral, adeno- associated viral (AAV), and liposome-mediated plasmid vectors have been used to deliver growth factor genes to tendons or tenocytes, but tissue reactions of these vectors in tendons, in particular those in contrast of healing responses of the injured tendons, were unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare tissue reactions of these vectors in tendons and those of healing responses of injured flexor tendons. METHODS Flexor digitorum profundus tendons within sheath area of paws of 4 New Zealand white rabbits were used as a model. Adenoviral vector (Ad5-lacZ), 1×1010 viral particles, was injected into each of 9 tendons, and AAV2-luciferase, 1×1010 viral particles, was injected into each of 9 tendons. pCMV-b mixed with 3.5 μL of lipofectamine was injected into each tendon. In other 9 tendons, the tendons were cut through volar 2/3 transversely and repaired. At 3, 7, and 14 days, the tendons were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Normal tendons were harvested, serving as control. RESULTS Tissue reactions of the liposome- plasmid vectors in tendons were the most prominent among 3 vectors tested. The adenoviral and AAV2 vectors showed similar tissue reactions at the same viral titers tested, but AAV2 had less obvious tissue reactions in the endotenon area than adenoviral vectors. Early stage inflammatory changes were remarkable in the injured tendons. Compared with these tissue reactions, the reactions elicited by the vectors were less severe. CONCLUSIONS The tested 3 gene delivery systems had less severe tissue reactions in flexor tendons compared with inflammatory changes in injured flexor tendons in early stage. Among 3 vector systems tested, adenoviral and AAV vectors elicited less tissue reactions than liposome-plasmid vectors. AAV2 causes less severe reactions in the endotenon area than adenoviral vectors. From the perspective of tissue reactions, adenoviral and AAV2 vectors, in particular AAV2, are advantageous gene delivery systems for future investigation of delivery of genes to promote flexor tendon in vivo.
Distinct gene-expression profiles associated with the susceptibility of pathogen-specific CD4 T cells to HIV-1 infection
Authors: Haitao Hu, Martin Nau, Phil Ehrenberg, Agnes-Laurence Chenine, Camila Macedo, Yu Zhou, Z. John Daye, Zhi Wei, Maryanne Vahey, Nelson L. Michael, Jerome H. Kim, Mary Marovich, Silvia Ratto-Kim
Journal: Blood (2012)
Combined angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade up-regulates myocardial AT2 receptors in remodeled myocardium post-infarction
Authors: S Lee
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objectives: In an ovine model of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after transmural anteroapical myocardial infarction (MI), we have previously demonstrated that the combination of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade is more effective at limiting LV remodeling than either therapy alone. We hypothesized that the beneficial effect of combined therapy is due in part to upregulation of AT2 receptor levels. Methods: Two days after transmural anteroapical MI by coronary ligation, 16 sheep were randomized to losartan (50 mg/day), ramipril (10 mg/day), ramipril+losartan (combined therapy), or no therapy. At 8 weeks after MI, radioligand receptor assay were deployed with homogenates from regional LV tissues. Results: We found that AT receptors in normal sheep myocardium are predominantly of the AT2 receptor subtype. Binding studies of remodeled myocardium 8 weeks later showed that the apparent maximum binding (Bmax) was increased from 23 to 48 fmol/mg protein only in animals with combined therapy. The AT2/AT1 proportion was increased significantly in animals with combined therapy compared to infarcted controls (18.0 vs. 5.17). Conclusions: These results indicate that AT2 receptor expression increased significantly during LV remodeling with combined therapy but not with either therapy alone. In combination with prior work demonstrating the effectiveness of combined therapy in limiting LV remodeling, this study is consistent with the hypothesis that AT2 receptors play a cardioprotective role in LV remodeling after MI.
Detection of Phantom Arrhythmias and Evanescent Electrocardiographic Abnormalities
Authors: Eliot Corday
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Phantom arrhythmias and evanescent cardiac abnormalities may cause distressing symptoms, but unless the electrocardiogram is recorded during the event, the diagnosis will escape the clinician. The recent introduction of the Holter monitor for electrocardiographic monitoring for periods up to ten hours in the patient's native environment allows the clinician to detect these pathological states. Instances of neurological symptoms due to cerebrovascular insufficiency and chest pain due to coronary insufficiency detected by this monitoring system suggests that many episodes of hemodynamic crises escape detection by the clinician.
Cancer Chemotherapy — Present Status and Prospects
Authors: David S. Feingold, Edith E. Parris, Howard H. Hiatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

A REALISTIC appraisal of today's subject might appropriately, if regrettably, begin with the statement that with but 2 possible exceptions chemotherapy does not now eradicate cancer in man. We are therefore led to the generalization that this mode of treatment should not presently be employed as primary therapy when cure seems possible by surgery or radiation. (In my use of the term chemotherapy, I shall refer to chemicals, including hormones, employed in attempts to control cancer; I shall not in this discussion consider the role of radioactive chemicals.)In presenting the basis for my conviction that in the undefined future . . .
Prospecting for potentially new pharmaceuticals from natural sources
Authors: Ramesh C. Pandey
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1998)

Many new natural product-derived pharmaceutically active compounds and compositions, each effective in treating an array of diseases and maladies including various tumors and HIV, have been reportedly isolated from different sources of vegetation, including the bark of yew trees, needles, leaves, fungi, and cell culture of many different species; vegetables such as West African yams; and Chinese and Indian herbs. Other sources include vegetation from South American rainforests. Many of the sources of such natural products are historical in nature and/or are known from folklore. Recent studies have provided potentially new biodiverse pharmaceutical compounds such as paclitaxel, which is obtainable from several species, including various portions of T. brevifolia, the Western yew tree, and other yew species such as T. baccata, T. cuspidata, T. wallichiana, T. media, T. canadensis, T. chinensis and T. yunnanensis as well as from T. wardii, T. capitata, T. brownii, T. gem, T. globosa, T. floridana, T. hicksii, T. densiformis, and T. darkgreen spreader, in addition to cultured plant cells and fungi. The novel compounds and their semisynthetic brominated and chlorinated analogs prepared from T. yunnanensis extract show strong activity against several types of tumors. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 18, No. 5, 333–346, 1998.
Analysis of allergens in rat fur and saliva
Authors: S. Gordon, R. D. Tee, M. C. Stuart, A. J. Newman Taylor
Journal: Allergy (2001)

The fur is an important source of allergens in many mammal species, but this source has not been extensively studied in rats. Rat room dust contains high-molecular-weight allergens that have been found to cross-react with fur and its presumed salivary contaminants. The role of rat fur and saliva as a source of respiratory allergens merits further investigation. The objective was to describe the allergens present in the fur and saliva of male rats.Allergen extracts were prepared from the saliva and fur of the pelts from adult male rats. Immunoblotting was used to describe the allergens present in rat fur and saliva with serum from 76 and 25 individuals, respectively.There was considerable variation between the individuals in the binding of IgE to the separated fur and saliva allergens. Immunoblot analysis identified 23 allergens in rat fur. "Major" allergens were found at the "origin", and at 55, 51, 19, and 17 kDa, and "intermediate" allergens at 74, 67 (probably albumin), and 21.5 (diffuse) kDa. Seventeen salivary allergens were described with "major" allergens at 21.5, 19.5, 19, 18, and 17.5 kDa. Many subjects had IgE to the 67 kDa (56%) and 43 kDa (64%) allergens but the density of staining was weak.Rat fur and saliva are the sources of many allergens. Fur contained five "major" allergens and was a complex source of allergens of relatively high molecular weight (>22 kDa). The most important salivary allergens have molecular weights of less than 22 kDa. Fur is the most probable source of the high-molecular-weight allergens found in rat room dust.
STUDIES IN THE COMMON COLD
Authors: G. S. Shibley, F. M. Hanger, A. R. Dochez
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

1. The normal bacterial flora of the nose and throat of thirteen individuals has been studied over periods ranging from 5 to 9 months. 2. Observations have been made of qualitative and quantitative changes in the flora occurring in the course of colds and of throat infections appearing in the group. 3. The normal basic nasal flora includes Staphylococcus albus, diphtheroids, and for certain individuals Staphylococcus aureus and citreus. Occasional transient bacteria are Gram-negative cocci and non-hemolytic streptococci. 4. The normal basic throat flora includes Gram-negative cocci, non-hemolytic streptococci, and for certain individuals "large Gram-positive cocci," B. influenzae, Bacillus "X," and diphtheroids. Transient organisms are Staphylococcus albus, hemolytic streptococci,Staphylococcus aureus and citreus, and pneumococci. 5. No bacteria were found in early cold cultures to which a causative rôle could be assigned. 6. In the course of colds the basic flora of the nose was often scanty in the early stages. The throat showed reduction of prominence or alterations in predominance of the basic flora. 7. Certain organisms were prominent in colds, usually as late or secondary invaders, these included Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococci, and B. influenzae. 8. There was a striking increase in the incidence of hemolytic streptococci in throat infections.
False-Positive Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid Gastrointestinal Bleeding Study Due to Paget??s Disease
Authors: PURUSHOTHAM VELUVOLU, ALI T. ISITHMAN, B DAVID COLLIER, JOHN P. WHALEN, ROBERT M. BELL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A case of asymmetric bone marrow activity due to Paget's disease is shown as a potential cause for false-positive study in the evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding. In such cases, delayed imaging is beneficial for the evaluation of progression of the abnormality and for outlining the bone marrow activity.
Intragonadal Regulation of Follicular Maturation
Authors: SHARON A. TONETTA, GERE S. DIZEREGA
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1989)

Although there are interspecies of variations in the process of follicular development, a generalized summary is presented that encompasses theories of follicular maturation from laboratory and domestic animals, nonhuman primates, and women. As there are many new substances whose actions within the follicle are unknown, it is difficult to ascribe definitive roles to these proteins in follicular development and ovulation. However, where possible, these substances are included in the summary. During early follicular development, FSH binds to granulosa cells of primary follicles to stimulate production of estradiol by the induction or enhancement of aromatase synthetase (37, 336, 337). Estradiol, in turn, induces proliferation of granulosa cells (338-344) and increases the sensitivity of the follicle to further gonadotropin stimulation (12, 339, 345-349). Estradiol can synergize with gonadotropins to increase ovarian weight, enhance proliferation of granulosa cells, and promote growth of preantral follicles and antrum formation (345, 347, 350-352). In addition, estradiol enhanced the responsiveness of granulosa cells to FSH and LH by increasing synthesis of progesterone (353, 354). The generalized enhancement of gonadotropin action by estradiol is partially mediated by FSH-induced accumulation of cAMP. However, as synthesis of estradiol increases, this steroid directly stimulated follicular growth, since estrogens have long been known to stimulate growth of ovarian cells and exert a direct antiatretic effect (355, 356). However, the exact mechanism involved in follicular growth achieving preovulatory status rather than undergoing atresia remains uncertain. Estradiol not only enhances gonadotropin stimulation of LH and FSH receptors in granulosa cells (357, 348) but is required for FSH induction of FSH receptors (359, 360). Estradiol alone can increase numbers of its own receptor in granulosa cells (350) as well as increase its own production by stimulating aromatase activity (361). Estradiol secreted by the dominant follicle has a positive feedback effect on the hypothalamus and pituitary, enhancing gonadotropin secretion and ensuring the preovulatory gonadotropin surges (362). The increased gonadotropins can further increase the production of estradiol which, in turn, enhances its own production. Therefore, estradiol is included in two positive feedback loops (one at the pituitary and one at the ovary) to maintain the dominant follicle and ensure ovulation. Progesterone and androgens also have intrafollicular effects on follicular growth and steroidogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Left Ventricular Assist Device and Drug Therapy for the Reversal of Heart Failure
Authors: Emma J. Birks, Patrick D. Tansley, James Hardy, Robert S. George, Christopher T. Bowles, Margaret Burke, Nicholas R. Banner, Asghar Khaghani, Magdi H. Yacoub
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In patients with severe heart failure, prolonged unloading of the myocardium with the use of a left ventricular assist device has been reported to lead to myocardial recovery in small numbers of patients for varying periods of time. Increasing the frequency and durability of myocardial recovery could reduce or postpone the need for subsequent heart transplantation.
Neoterminal ileal blood flow after ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease.
Authors: W J Angerson, M C Allison, J N Baxter, R I Russell
Journal: Gut (1993)

Endoscopic laser Doppler flowmetry was used to measure neoterminal ileal blood flow in 16 patients who had undergone ileocolonic resection for Crohn9s disease and had since remained clinically and biochemically free of disease, and eight control patients who had undergone similar surgery for colonic carcinoma. Four patients with clinically active Crohn9s disease of the terminal ileum were also studied. Neoterminal ileal recurrence in those with inactive Crohn9s disease was graded endoscopically. The median and minimum of five local blood flow measurements performed in each patient were inversely correlated with the endoscopic recurrence grade (r = -0.52, p = 0.04 and r = -0.63, p = 0.01 respectively). Relative to the control group, median blood flow was non-significantly lower in the inactive Crohn9s disease group as a whole (p &gt; 0.05) but was significantly reduced in patients with active disease (p = 0.02). A progressive reduction in tissue perfusion may accompany recurrence of Crohn9s disease while at a subclinical stage.
Comparison of a New Colon Lavage Solution (Iso-Giuliani) with a Standard Preparation for Colonoscopy: a Randomized Study
Authors: G. Di Febo, G. Gizzi, G. Caló, S. Siringo, G. Brunetti
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

Iso-Giuliani is a new improved-taste isoosmotic PEG-electrolyte solution for colon cleansing. In a randomized study, we have compared the effectiveness, tolerance and patient acceptance of 3 dosage volumes of this solution with a standard preparation in 191 patients undergoing colonoscopy. Iso-Giuliani 3 1, and 4 1 proved better colonic preparations as compared with the standard preparation (P < 0.01). However Iso-Giuliani, 2 1 was sufficient for satisfactory cleansing, especially in the rectosigmoid. Patients in the standard preparation group experienced more cramps than did those in Iso-Giuliani groups. Patient acceptance was significantly better for Iso-Giuliani than for the standard preparation. The ingestion of Iso-Giuliani represents a safe, effective and well-accepted method of colon cleansing, and is our elective method of preparation for colonoscopy.
997-87 ELISA Tltres of Anti- α Myosin Antibodies in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients Reduce with Disease Progression
Authors: Jonathan H. Goldman, Rahat S. Warraich, Philip J. Keeling, Simon Redwood, L. Dalla Libera, Perry Elliott, Alida L.P. Caforio, William J. McKenna
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Myocardial Injury in Critically III Patients-Reply
Authors: Thomas G. Guest
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —We are pleased to have the opportunity to clarify several important issues raised by the letters of Dr Beck and Drs Fromm and Varon.  We did use cardiac troponin I as the gold standard for our study but only after a series of studies referenced in the article showed that (1) cardiac troponin I is only found in heart muscle during adult life and embryogenesis; (2) cardiac troponin I is not expressed in response to skeletal muscle injury; (3) the antibodies used in the assay for cardiac troponin I do not cross-react with skeletal muscle troponin I; (4) cardiac troponin I is not elevated in patients with acute or chronic muscle disease, after endurance exercise, or in patients with renal failure who have elevated levels of MB creatine kinase fraction unless concomitant cardiac injury is present; (5) elevations of cardiac troponin I correlate closely with evidence of myocardial