tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The use of anisotropic cell sheets to control orientation during the self-organization of 3D muscle tissue
Authors: Hironobu Takahashi, Tatsuya Shimizu, Masamichi Nakayama, Masayuki Yamato, Teruo Okano
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)

In some parts of native tissues, the orientation of cells and/or extracellular matrixes is well organized. We know that because anisotropy produces important tissue functions, an appropriate anisotropy needs to be designed to biomimetically construct complex tissue. Here, we show the unique features of anisotropic myoblast sheets for organizing the three-dimensional (3D) orientation of myoblasts and myotubes. Utilizing a micropatterned thermoresponsive surface, human skeletal muscle myoblasts were aligned on the surface, and manipulated as a single anisotropic cell sheet by reducing the culture temperature. Consequently, layering of anisotropic myoblast sheets using gelatin gel allowed 3D myotube constructs to be built up with the desired anisotropy. We also discovered a surprising myoblast behavior. An anisotropic cell sheet placed on top of other cell sheets in fabricating thick tissue was able to change the cell orientation in several layered cell sheets underneath. This self-organization is believed to provide the uniqueness required in designing 3D cell orientation architecture for reconstructed muscle tissue.
An Introduction to Child Psychiatry
Authors: Stuart M. Finch
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The second edition of<i>An Introduction to Child Psychiatry</i>is a compact, easily readable book which covers a wide variety of problems of children and their families. It follows the first edition by about ten years and brings into sharper focus the author's increasing attention to the constitutional differences between infants and children as important factors in development. In general, the book is an overview of the whole field of child psychiatry. It begins with a chapter on the history and goes on through the development of the child, the problems of history taking, the diagnostic interview, and special diagnostic procedures such as psychological testing. It covers the classification of emotional and mental problems in children, mental retardation, brain-damaged children, and those with psychosis. There is a chapter devoted to learning disabilities and one to problems associated with special stress situations. Another chapter deals with problems of adolescents and another
Osteopathy and resistance to vitamin D toxicity in mice null for vitamin D binding protein
Authors: Fayez F. Safadi, Paul Thornton, Holly Magiera, Bruce W. Hollis, Michael Gentile, John G. Haddad, Stephen A. Liebhaber, Nancy E. Cooke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

A line of mice deficient in vitamin D binding protein (DBP) was generated by targeted mutagenesis to establish a model for analysis of DBP's biological functions in vitamin D metabolism and action. On vitamin D–replete diets, DBP–/– mice had low levels of total serum vitamin D metabolites but were otherwise normal. When maintained on vitamin D–deficient diets for a brief period, the DBP–/–, but not DBP+/+, mice developed secondary hyperparathyroidism and the accompanying bone changes associated with vitamin D deficiency. DBP markedly prolonged the serum half-life of 25(OH)D and less dramatically prolonged the half-life of vitamin D by slowing its hepatic uptake and increasing the efficiency of its conversion to 25(OH)D in the liver. After an overload of vitamin D, DBP–/– mice were unexpectedly less susceptible to hypercalcemia and its toxic effects. Peak steady-state mRNA levels of the vitamin D–dependent calbindin-D9K gene were induced by 1,25(OH)2D more rapidly in the DBP–/– mice. Thus, the role of DBP is to maintain stable serum stores of vitamin D metabolites and modulate the rates of its bioavailability, activation, and end-organ responsiveness. These properties may have evolved to stabilize and maintain serum levels of vitamin D in environments with variable vitamin D availability.
Dysplastic nevi can be diagnosed and graded reproducibly: A longitudinal study
Authors: Bruce R. Smoller, Barbara M. Egbert
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1992)

Poor interobserver reproducibility in diagnosing and grading dysplastic melanocytic nevi is often cited as evidence against the ability of pathologists to recognize such an entity.We attempted to examine the diagnostic profiles of melanocytic lesions of two dermatopathologists in a stable population base.All 2600 melanocytic neoplasms were diagnosed at Stanford University Medical Center during the past 4 years by one dermatopathologist from 1987 to 1989 and a different dermatopathologist in 1990 and 1991. The two independently evaluated these lesions unaware of the other's criteria.The diagnostic profile of the two pathologists shows a striking degree of similarity: 76.7% versus 75.3% of all nevi were diagnosed as acquired melanocytic nevi, 8.8% versus 12.0% were diagnosed as mildly dysplastic, 7.0% versus 6.8% as moderately dysplastic, and 2.7% versus 1.6% as severely dysplastic.Our findings suggest that the two pathologists are using reproducible criteria for diagnosing and grading dysplastic nevi.
Seat-Belt Neuropathy
Authors: David M. Klurfeld
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The following case is presented as an addition to The Journal's documentation of unusual traumatic neuropathies that manifest as diagnostic dilemmas. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> One of the authors (D.M.K.) is a 28-year-old experimental pathologist in good health (height, 177 cm; weight, 57 kg) whose only complaint was intermittent, sharp abdominal pain of ten days' duration, which localized to the lower right quadrant and was severe enough to cause interruption of sleep. Findings from physical examination were entirely within normal limits. Pertinent medical history included repair of rightsided inguinal hernia 27 years ago. Diagnoses of subacute appendicitis and intestinal torsion were considered but were subsequently dismissed when the cause of symptoms was discovered shortly thereafter. The author had recently purchased an automobile whose seat belts consist of onepiece lap-shoulder restraints. On the belts are rectangular plastic slides (6×2×0.2 cm) that can be used to position the metal
Serial visual evoked potential recordings in Alzheimer's disease.
Authors: A Orwin, C E Wright, G F Harding, D C Rowan, E B Rolfe
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Primary presenile dementia slows the major positive component of the visual evoked potential to flash stimulation but does not affect the visual evoked potential to patterned stimulation. The progressive effect of Alzheimer9s disease was followed in a 58 year old woman over three and a half years from the development of the earliest symptoms to complete mental incapacity. The pattern reversal visual evoked potential remained normal, but the flash visual evoked potential gradually slowed from 129 ms in 1981 to 153 ms in 1984. The severity of the abnormality of the flash visual evoked potential thus reflected the severity of the dementia. Electroencephalography, computed tomography, and psychometric tests indicated generalised cortical disease, but the results were not specific to dementia. The combination of a slowed flash and normal pattern visual evoked potential seems to be specific to Alzheimer9s disease and supports the use of flash and pattern visual evoked potentials in routine diagnostic testing for this condition.
Prepayment for Medical Care
Authors: Cecil G. Sheps, Daniel L. Drosness
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE salient growth of prepayment plans for hospital and medical services is a striking phenomenon in American life today. It is generally accepted that the availability of adequate medical care is not only a basic human right but also a vital community and national need. The growth of various governmental programs aimed at providing medical services to specific groups in the population, either directly or through guaranteeing payment, demonstrates this growing acceptance. Examples of such programs are the Veterans Administration, Medicare, medical care for public-assistance recipients and also the institutional care of patients with certain types of long-term illness, such . . .
Glucocorticoid-regulated genes in eosinophilic esophagitis: A role for FKBP51
Authors: Julie M. Caldwell, Carine Blanchard, Margaret H. Collins, Philip E. Putnam, Ajay Kaul, Seema S. Aceves, Catherine A. Bouska, Marc E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Book Review Circulatory Physiology: The essentials Third edition. By James J. Smith and John P. Kampine. 345 pp., illustrated. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1990. $23.95. Cardiovascular Physiology By William R. Milnor. 501 pp., illustrated. New York, Oxford University Press, 1990. $37.95.
Authors: Sarah D. Gray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)
HIV infections acquired through heterosexual intercourse in the United Kingdom: findings from national surveillance
Authors: Sarah Dougan, Victoria L Gilbart, Katy Sinka, Barry G Evans
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The trends underlying the rapid and substantial increases in HIV diagnoses among heterosexual people in the United Kingdom are complex and sometimes misunderstood.Although the number of people becoming infected with HIV through heterosexual intercourse in the United Kingdom is rising steadily, most of the overall rise in HIV diagnoses among heterosexuals is among people who originate from and were infected abroad, mainly in Africa. 1 We describe HIV diagnoses where infection was probably acquired through heterosexual intercourse in the United Kingdom. Methods, participants, and resultsThe Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections receives voluntary and confidential reports of HIV diagnoses in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 2 For all reports, the centre collects the probable route of infection and the probable country of infection for patients who were infected through heterosexual intercourse.A research nurse/counsellor follows up where data are incomplete.Where more than one possible country of infection is given, the country with the highest prevalence of HIV is allocated by an epidemiologist or a research nurse/counsellor.If an individual was probably infected in the United Kingdom, further information concerning the partner's probable route and country of infection are recorded.If it is uncertain but possible that the partner was infected in the United Kingdom, the partner's country of infection will be assigned to "unspecified European countries."Individuals infected through heterosexual intercourse in the United Kingdom by a "high risk" partner (for example, an injecting drug user) are excluded.Reports indicate that 21 115 adults (aged 15 or older) diagnosed with HIV in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland between 1985 and 2003 were infected through heterosexual intercourse (figure).Of these, 1901 (9.0%) were probably infected in the United Kingdom: in 1999, 144 such diagnoses were made, rising to 315 in 2003.Of the 1901, the median age at diagnosis was 30 years for women and 36 years for men.Sixty two per cent (1179) were probably infected by a heterosexual partner infected outside Europe, 30% (569) by a partner infected in Europe (including the United Kingdom), and for 8% (153), the partner's country of infection was not established.Of the 1179 individuals infected in the United Kingdom by a partner infected outside Europe, 75% (882) were women, and, of the 1006 for whom this information was reported, 44% (446) were white and 34% (341) black African.Of partners, 77% (912) were probably infected in Africa, 16% (194) in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 6% (73) elsewhere.Of the 569 individuals whose partner had been infected in Europe, 47% (269) were women, and, of the 486 individuals for whom this information was reported, 81% (393) were white.Forty per cent (230) of partners were probably infected in the United Kingdom, 6% (34) in other identified European countries, and 54% (305) in unspecified European countries.
OT3-01-07: The BEACON Study (BrEAst Cancer Outcomes with NKTR-102): A Phase 3 Open-Label, Randomized, Multicenter Study of NKTR-102 Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice (TPC) in Patients (pts) with Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) Previously Treated with an Anthracycline, a Taxane, and Capecitabine (ATC).
Authors: A Awada, ACF Leung, C Zhao, AL Hannah, EA Perez
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background NKTR-102 is a next-generation topoisomerase I inhibitor-polymer conjugate with a markedly reduced Cmax and a continuous exposure profile compared to irinotecan. A phase 2 trial of single-agent NKTR-102 compared a dose of 145 mg/m2 every 2w or every 3w in 3rd-line MBC (Awada et al, ASCO 2011). Overall the ORR was 29% (including 3% CR) with the prior ATC subset demonstrating an ORR of 31%. Dosing every 3w was better tolerated; in this arm, median PFS equaled 5.3m and median OS equaled 13.1m. Trial Design: NKTR-102 will be compared to TPC in an open-label, randomized, parallel, two arm multicenter Phase 3 pivotal study in pts with previously treated locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. Key Entry Criteria: Adult females, with ECOG 0 or 1 with adequate liver, kidney and marrow function. All patients must have received prior therapy with an anthracycline (in neo/adjuvant or metastatic setting or both), a taxane (in neo/adjuvant or metastatic setting or both) and capecitabine (in neo/adjuvant or locally advanced/metastatic setting or both) unless not medically appropriate or explicitly contraindicated for the patient. All chemotherapy- and radiation-related toxicities must have resolved to ≤ Grade 1, except for stable sensory neuropathy ≤ Grade 2 and alopecia. Pts with brain metastases may be eligible, if stable for prior 4 weeks without steroids. Pts with Grade ≥ 2 pre-existing diarrhea or receiving chronic anti-diarrheal supportive care are not eligible. Statistical Methods: The primary efficacy endpoint is OS. Secondary endpoints include ORR by RECIST v1.1 and PFS. Pts will be randomized 1:1 to NKTR-102 given IV at 145 mg/m2 over 90-min every 21 days or TPC. Patients randomized to TPC will receive single agent chemotherapy, limited to choice of one of the following 5 agents: eribulin, ixabepilone, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, or a taxane. The investigator must decide which agent will be given to the patient prior to randomization. Pts will be stratified by geographical region and disease characteristics. Target Accrual: Approximately 840 patients (420 pts per treatment arm) will be randomized in order to obtain 615 deaths (alpha = 0.05; power 90% with one interim analysis scheduled when 50% of the deaths have occurred). PK sampling will be performed in a subset of pts and blood and/or tumor samples are planned for potential predictive markers of response and toxicity. Enrollment is expected to remain open until the end of 2013. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-01-07.
Quantification of Serum Levels of Pepsinogens and Gastrin to Assess Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: Luigi Gatta, Francesco Di Mario, Dino Vaira, Massimo Rugge, Angelo Franzè, Mario Plebani, Giulia Martina Cavestro, Paolo Lucarini, Maurizio Lera, Carmelo Scarpignato
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Corrigendum to “Transcutaneous immunization using a dissolving microneedle array protects against tetanus, diphtheria, malaria, and influenza” [J. Control. Release 160 (2012) 495–501]
Authors: Kazuhiko Matsuo, Sachiko Hirobe, Yayoi Yokota, Yurika Ayabe, Masashi Seto, Ying-Shu Quan, Fumio Kamiyama, Takahiro Tougan, Toshihiro Horii, Yohei Mukai, Naoki Okada, Shinsaku Nakagawa
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Academic-Industry Relationships in the Life Sciences
Authors: David Blumenthal
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Academic-industry relationships in the life sciences remain controversial. The available evidence suggests that such relationships have both benefits and risks for involved parties. Benefits include additional support of academic research, income for academic health centers, the potential for increased scientific and commercial productivity in both industries and universities, and enhancement of the educational experiences of students and fellows. Risks include an increase in secrecy in academic environments and damage to public support for the life science enterprise. The balance of known benefits and risks suggests that academic-industry relationships should be permitted and even selectively promoted. However, there is also a need for enhanced vigilance on the part of academic institutions and government to reduce risks posed by certain types of arrangements, especially those involving human subjects. Enhanced vigilance should include disclosure of all academic-industry relationships by life science faculty. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:3344-3349)
Increased endothelial albumin permeability mediated by protein kinase C activation.
Authors: J J Lynch, T J Ferro, F A Blumenstock, A M Brockenauer, A B Malik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

We examined the effects of activation of endothelial protein kinase C (PKC) of the endothelial barrier function. Exposure of confluent bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayers to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) resulted in concentration-dependent (10(-8)-10(-6) M) increases in PKC activity and in the transendothelial flux of 125I-albumin. Exposure of the endothelium to 1-oleoyl 2-acetyl glycerol (OAG) also increased the transendothelial flux of 125I-albumin in a concentration-dependent manner. Neither 4 alpha-phorbol didecanoate nor 1-mono-oleoyl glycerol, which do not activate PKC, altered permeability. The increase in 125I-albumin permeability induced by PMA was inhibited by 25 microM H7 (a PKC inhibitor), but not by the control compound HA1004 (25 microM). After 16 h of exposure to PMA, 125I-albumin permeability returned to baseline and a significant reduction in cytosolic PKC activity was noted. Further challenge with PMA at this time resulted in no significant increase in PKC activity indicating downregulation of the enzyme; moreover, this PMA challenge did not increase endothelial permeability. Exposure of endothelial monolayers to phospholipase C (PLC), which increases membrane phosphatidylinositide turnover, or to alpha-thrombin also induced concentration-dependent activation of PKC and increases in 125I-albumin endothelial permeability. The thrombin- and PLC-induced permeability increases were inhibited by H7, but not by HA1004. The activation of endothelial PKC directly by PMA or OAG and by PLC and alpha-thrombin increases the transendothelial albumin permeability, indicating that PKC activation is an important signal transduction pathway by which extracellular mediators increase endothelial macromolecular transport.
Piccolo, a Presynaptic Zinc Finger Protein Structurally Related to Bassoon
Authors: Steven D Fenster, Wook Joon Chung, Rong Zhai, Claudia Cases-Langhoff, Britta Voss, Abigail M Garner, Udo Kaempf, Stefan Kindler, Eckart D Gundelfinger, Craig C Garner
Journal: Neuron (2000)
Abstract 1549: Oral inhibitors of macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF) lead to reduced tumor burden in a murine model of invasive bladder cancer
Authors: John A. Taylor, Shilpa Choudhary, Poornima Hegde, Olga Voznesensky, Vidal F. de la Cruz, James R. Pruitt, Thais M. Sielecki, Carol Pilbeam
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: MIF is a proinflammatory cytokine with regulatory properties over tumor suppressor proteins involved in bladder cancer. We have reported that absence of MIF in transgenic mice leads to decreased angiogenesis and invasion in the BBN model of bladder cancer. We evaluated the impact of 2 oral inhibitors of MIF (Cytokine PharmaSciences, King of Prussia, PA; CPSI) in the BBN model. METHODS: 30, 3 mnth old male C57Bl/6 mice were treated with BBN 0.05% in drinking water for 22 wks. Mice (n=10/grp) received vehicle (PEG 300, methylcelluose), oral inhibitor CPSI-2705 or CPSI-1306 daily (25 mg/kg) by gavage from wks 16-22, corresponding to time of progression from CIS to invasive disease as determined in previous experiments. Animals were inspected daily for general health with weights recorded weekly. Bladders were weighed, fixed and assessed for tumor stage, grade, burden and associated angiogenesis. RESULTS: In general, the group receiving CPSI-1306 appeared healthier during drug treatment. There was a 16% weight loss from the start of gavage in the control group vs 10-11% in the drug groups. Two animals each from the control and CPSI-2705 group died prior to study completion. The majority of control animals had evidence of upper tract obstruction with less noted in CPSI 2705 and none in the 1306 group. Average bladder weights were 0.5 ± 0.5 gm, 0.3 ± 0.3 gm and 0.2 ± 0.2 gm for control, 2705 and 1306 respectively which approached statistical significance for control vs 1306 (log transf p=0.06). There was a higher proportion of pT3 disease in the control (80%) vs inhibitor groups (60%). Tumor burden was markedly diminished in the drug groups (81% cntrl vs 62% 2705 vs 59% 1306, involvement invasive disease) with some bladders in these arms having only focal areas of invasion. Tumor grade trended lower in the drug groups as well. CONCLUSIONS: The use of MIF oral inhibitors CPSI 2705 and CPSI 1306 in the BBN bladder cancer model resulted in less weight loss, improved general health, decreased tumor burden with a trend toward lower stage, grade and tumor associated angiogenesis. The results of this experiment warrant larger studies to validate and expand these findings with a goal of development for clinical use. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1549.
Insulin Action: 1948–80
Authors: Rachmiel Levine
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Insulin is an old hormone from the standpoint of evolution. It is found in primitive vertebrates, insects, and crustacea and has effects on growth and glucose uptake in animals low on the evolutionary ladder, yes even unicellular organisms. The fascinating problem to consider is the relative emergence of the hormone and of its receptor. Csaba has reviewed recently the work with more primitive species. He argues convincingly that receptor molecules precede the hormones and adapt themselves to become the specific recognition sites they now are in the mammalian organism. This is a fascinating basis area for further research. The history of insulin research is rich and vivid, and has served to open up very important aspects of biochemistry and physiology. It was the first of the protein or peptide group of hormones; the protein whose amino acid sequence studies served to initiate this fruitful area of polymer biochemistry; and it began the important era of specific immunoassays, a technique that has revolutionized the study of the behavior and action of potent natural materials that are highly active in minute concentrations. Last but certainly not the least of its virtues is its medical use to maintain the life and health of countless victims of severe diabetes. The continuing study of the details of insulin action will undoubtedly have further profound influences on the basic and applied aspects of medicine and biology.