tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B12 Analogues and Bacterial Overgrowth
Authors: HENRY FOY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1978Vitamin B12 Analogues and Bacterial OvergrowthHENRY FOY, ATHENA KONDIHENRY FOYSearch for more papers by this author, ATHENA KONDISearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-3-430_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Your November 1977 issue has just arrived, and we have read the article by Brandt, Bernstein, and Wagle (1), "Production of Vitamin B12 Analogues in Patients with Small-Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth."Some years ago we reported (2, 3) the response to 200 000 to 400 000 IU of oral or intramuscular penicillin daily for 6 to 12 days in Africans with gross nonpernicious megaloblastic anaemias and haemoglobin counts as low as 2g/100 ml. These patients also responded to 80 µg of oral or intramuscular vitamin B12. On entrance the patients had low serum B12 levels (20 to 100...References1. BRANDTBERNSTEINWAGLE LLA: Production of vitamin B12 analogues in patients with small-bowel bacterial overgrowth. Ann Intern Med 87:546-551, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. HAMILTON FAIRLEYBROMFIELDFOYKONDI NRHA: Nutritional macrocytic anaemia in Macedonia. A preliminary report. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 32:132-173, 1938 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. FOYKONDIMANSON-BAHR HAP: Penicillin in megaloblastic anaemias of Africans. Effect on serum-vitamin B12 levels and absorption of radioactive vitamin B12. Lancet 2:693-699, 1955 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories and National Public Health Laboratory Service P.O. Box 43640; Nairobi Kenya PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1978Volume 89, Issue 3Page: 430-430KeywordsHemoglobinPenicillin Issue Published: 1 September 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Preoperative skin preparation: clinical evaluation of depilatory cream.
Authors: S J Powis, T A Waterworth, D G Arkell
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Preoperative hair removal by a depilatory cream was compared with routine shaving. Although the incidence of wound infection was similar in both groups, cream depilation was found to be better. It was effective, atraumatic, non-toxic, and could be self-administered. Furthermore, it could be used safely on granulating wounds and did not support bacterial growth. Depilation was associated with a significant reduction in skin surface bacteria and proved to be cheaper than shaving.
Effect of botulinum toxin type A on quality of life measures in patients with excessive axillary sweating: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: M.K. Naumann, H. Hamm, N.J. Lowe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Background Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for primary focal hyperhidrosis. However, the effect of BTX-A therapy on quality of life (QOL) in patients with this condition has only recently begun to be studied in controlled clinical trials. Objectives To assess the impact on QOL of BTX-A treatment in patients with bilateral primary axillary hyperhidrosis. Methods A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 320 patients who exhibited persistent, bilateral, primary axillary hyperhidrosis sufficient to interfere with daily activities. These patients were treated with either 50 U BTX-A (Botox ® , Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, U.S.A.) or placebo in each axilla. QOL was assessed using the Hyperhidrosis Impact Questionnaire © (HHIQ) at baseline and 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks post-treatment, as well as the Medical Outcomes Trust Short Form-12 Health Survey © (SF-12) at baseline and 16 weeks post-treatment. Results At baseline, participants reported a marked negative impact of hyperhidrosis on various measures, including emotional status, ability to participate in daily and social activities, productivity at work and number of clothing changes per day. During the post-treatment period, statistically and clinically significantly greater improvements in all of these parameters were observed for the BTX-A group compared with the placebo group ( P < 0·01). The BTX-A group improvements were observed within 1 week of treatment, and were sustained with little or no decline throughout the 16-week follow-up period. Compared with the baseline HHIQ responses regarding treatment history, BTX-A treatment resulted in a greater level of overall treatment satisfaction than did many other hyperhidrosis treatments. In addition, patients treated with BTX-A exhibited statistically significantly greater improvement in the physical component summary score of the SF-12 at 16 weeks than did placebo-treated patients ( P ≤ 0·019). Conclusions Hyperhidrosis is associated with a substantial QOL burden; however, QOL is markedly improved with BTX-A treatment.
RECENT ADVANCES IN ANAESTHETICS
Authors: R. Jarman
Journal: BMJ (1934)

There are three main types of anaesthesia in use to-day : (1) inhalation combined with premedication, (2) spinal combined with premedication, and (3) intravenous, with or without premedication. I will deal with them in this order. Before considering the anaesthetics themselves it is advisable to stress an important point?namely, that all patients who are to undergo a major surgical operation ought to be carefully investigated. This should include a blood and urine analysis, in addition to a general clinical examination. Special attention is paid to the blood pressure and the Moot-McKesson cardiac energy index. The formula for this index provides an approxi mate index to the cardiac reserve. ,_ . . _ pulse pressurexlOO _.. . , . A . Moot s index = __.??-.-=50 (in normal subjects) diastolic pressure Patients presenting an index of between 40 and 60 show ample cardiac reserve ; those in whom the index lies between 25 and 40, or between 60 and 75, have probably adequate cardiac reserve, whilst the reserve is gravely inadequate in those having an index below 25 or above 75. (Tliis index is unreliable in cases of ihyro toxicosis, owing to the high pulse pressure.) No enemata, purges, or any other form of dehydration should be per mitted for at least forty-eight hours before any major operation. , The patient is supplied with ample fluids and glucose, and everything is done to ensure that his general condition is the best the pathological state allows.
Three-Dimensional Mapping of Sensory Innervation with Substance P in Porcine Bronchial Mucosa
Authors: Jasmine P. Lamb, Malcolm P. Sparrow
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

In asthma, neurogenic inflammation in bronchial airways may occur though the release of neuropeptides from C fibers via an axon reflex. Structural evidence for this neural pathway was sought in the pig and in humans by three-dimensional mapping of substance P-immunoreactive (SP-IR) nerves in whole mounts of mucosa using immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy. To show continuity, nerves were traced with 1,1'-didodecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate from their epithelial endings through the mucosa. The pan-neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 revealed an extensive apical and basal plexus of nerves in the epithelium; 94% of these were varicose SP-IR fibers. Apical SP-IR fibers had a length density of 88 mm/mm(2). Varicose apical processes followed closely around the circumference of goblet cells. Calcitonin gene-related peptide was colocalized with SP-IR in varicosites. The epithelial fibers converged into bundles as they entered the lamina propria where lateral branches ran along arterioles, often contiguous with the vascular smooth muscle. 1,1'-didodecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate tracing showed that they projected to the epithelium. SP-IR fibers were rare near postcapillary venules. In human bronchial epithelium, protein gene product 9.5 revealed a similar apical and basal plexus of varicose fibers that weakly stained for SP-IR. Thus, a continuous sensory nerve pathway from the epithelium to arterioles provides structural support for a local axon reflex.
Australian court findings on Vioxx may have global ramifications
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A court in Melbourne has ruled that the anti-arthritis drug rofecoxib (Vioxx) increased the risk of heart attack, while finding that the Australian subsidiary of its manufacturer engaged in negligent and misleading behaviour.

In a class action judgment delivered earlier this month, the federal court judge Christopher Jessup found that rofecoxib contributed to the heart attack of plaintiff Graeme Peterson.

The judge ruled that Merck Sharp & Dohme “fell short” of what was required in the reasonable discharge of its “duty of care” by failing to warn Mr Peterson’s doctor of the drug’s potential cardiac risk and because sales representatives overemphasised its safety.

He also ruled that the drug was not of “merchantable quality” and that, because “Vioxx involved about a doubling of …
Dilatation of the Cervix Uteri by Graduated Bougies in Cases of Anteflexion and Mechanical Dysmenorrh a
Authors: A. W. Edis
Journal: BMJ (1871)

pose; while the vagina is free from injections, escape of discharges, examination, or what not.I have had cases where, after the stem was introduced, the uterus became retroverted instead of retroflexed.In these I introduce a Hodge's pessary with bars, which prevent the cervix from tilting for- wards; and in that way the uterus is kept in a proper position.The accompanying plate shows the stem as now used.The addition can be made to any of Dr. Greenhalgh's shorter stems, and in no way interferes with the mode of action or introduction.For cheapness, it can be made of vulcanite, though what I use are metal.This stem can be used after hysterotomy, and has advantages over Dr.Greenhalgh's original one.
Liver injury in acute fatty liver of pregnancy: Possible link to placental mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress
Authors: Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Kavitha R. Thangaraj, C. E. Eapen, Anup Ramachandran, Ashis Mukhopadhya, Mathews Mathai, Lakshmi Seshadri, Abraham Peedikayil, Banumathi Ramakrishna, Kunnissery A. Balasubramanian
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare disorder which is fatal if not recognized and treated early. Delivery of the feto-placental unit results in dramatic improvement in maternal liver function, suggesting a role for the placenta. However, the mechanisms by which defects in the fetus or placenta lead to maternal liver damage are not well understood and form the focus of this study. Placenta and serum were obtained at delivery from patients with AFLP, and placental mitochondria and peroxisomes were isolated. Placental mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and fatty acid composition as well as serum antioxidants, oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, and fatty acid analysis were carried out. Hepatocytes in culture were used to evaluate cell death, mitochondrial function, and lipid accumulation on exposure to fatty acids. Oxidative stress was evident in placental mitochondria and peroxisomes of patients with AFLP, accompanied by compromised mitochondrial function. Increased levels of arachidonic acid were also seen in AFLP placenta when compared to control. Patients with AFLP also had a significant increase in oxidative and nitrosative stress markers in serum, along with decreased antioxidant levels and elevated levels of arachidonic acid. These levels of arachidonic acid were capable of inducing oxidative stress in hepatocyte mitochondria accompanied by induction of apoptosis. Exposure to arachidonic acid also resulted in increased lipid deposition in hepatocytes. Conclusion: Oxidative stress in placental mitochondria and peroxisomes is accompanied by accumulation of toxic mediators such as arachidonic acid, which may play a causative role in maternal liver damage seen in AFLP. (Hepatology 2010;51:191–200.)
Role of the Urban Teaching Hospital in Training of Nonaffiliated Physicians
Authors: Paul R. Torrens
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The organization and structure of the present-day urban teaching hospital is not geared to the needs of the nonspecialist physician. As a result, the nonspecialist physicians in the communities around urban teaching hospitals usually have relatively little contact with these hospitals and experience difficulty in using the teaching hospitals' resources for the benefit of their patients. Also, as a result of this separation, the urban teaching hospitals are unable to play an effective role in upgrading the quality of medical care delivered by the community physicians. In order to change this situation, new structures must be devised within the urban teaching hospitals to allow nonspecialist physicians greater access to the skills and resources of the teaching hospital. One such new structure has been established at St. Luke's Hospital Center in New York.
Male genital self mutilation after paternal death.
Authors: J N Thompson, T K Abraham
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Urinary 6-oxo prostaglandin Fl. in myocardial infarctionPlatelet activity, which may play a part in both atherogenesis and thrombosis, is inhibited by prostacyclin in vitro.We report a study of urinary 6-oxo prostaglandin F,z, one of the stable prostacyclin metabolites, in myocardial infarction.Patients, methods, and results Eleven patients (mean age 57 9 years) with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction (classic history and electrocardiographic and enzyme changes) who denied having taken any drug for the previous 10 days gave an early morning two hour urine specimen after an overnight fast.Samples were collected on days 5 and 6, and eight to 10 weeks after myocardial infarction.Control samples were obtained under the same conditions from otherwise fit inpatients before operation who did not have the above diagnostic criteria.Family practitioners confirmed that no drug treatment was given after the patients' discharge from hospital.Prostaglandins were extracted from urine samples using octadecylsilyl silica C18 minicolumns and the prostanoid fraction eluted with methyl formate.
Changes in Adiposity Associated With Pregnancy-Reply
Authors: Delia Smith
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The relationship between lactation and weight retention postpartum has been raised by Dr Donnelly and Dr Thacker as one factor moderating changes in weight and adiposity among women following pregnancy. The focus of our article was not to identify determinants of weight retention postpartum, but to examine whether parous and nulliparous women differed in long-term weight gain. Therefore, we did not address lactation as a predictor of weight loss. We understand the interest in the relationship between lactation and postpartum maternal weight. In previous studies, breast-feeding has been associated with increased weight loss from 1 to 6 months postpartum,<sup>1,2</sup>but it was not related to the overall amount of weight lost by 1 to 2 years postpartum.<sup>1-3</sup>Furthermore, changes in fat distribution have been shown to be independent of breast-feeding.<sup>4</sup>Thus, recent reviews have concluded that lactation does not play a major role in postpartum
CD40 Ligand — Assessing Risk Instead of Damage?
Authors: Jane E. Freedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Platelet activation is central to the formation of thrombus, which precipitates most unstable coronary syndromes. The angiographic severity of coronary stenoses may not predict the occurrence of acute cardiac events, since rupture of atheromatous plaque and subsequent thrombosis in slightly stenosed vessels may underlie many myocardial infarctions. Normally, the intact endothelium prevents platelet activation, but intimal injury associated with endothelial denudation and plaque rupture exposes subendothelial collagen and von Willebrand factor, supporting prompt platelet adhesion and activation. Local platelet activation then promotes the recruitment of platelets and the formation of thrombus.The importance of platelet-dependent thrombosis has made activated platelets . . .
Treatment of pachyonychia congenita with phenytoin
Authors: Harvey Blank
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Treatment of pachyonychia congenita with phenytoin Get access Harvey Blank Harvey Blank Department of Dermatology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 106, Issue 1, 1 January 1982, Page 123, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00917.x Published: 01 January 1982
Lateral Incisions in the Treatment of Felons: A Warning
Authors: W. Wayne Babcock
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, May 10, 1913, p. 1416, is an interesting article by Dr. G. M. Dorrance on the treatment of felons by a coronal incision which separates the pulp of the finger from the subjacent bone. The free drainage afforded and the absence of any scar on the tactile area commend themselves. In a personal experience with a felon nine years ago the advantage of a lateral incision appealed to me, and under my direction an incision was made precisely similar to that advocated by Dorrance except that only a lateral half of the flap was raised. The operation was entirely satisfactory so far as it provided drainage and relieved pain, but an annoying loss of epicritic perception, which evidently is permanent, daily warns me of the disadvantages of the incision. Although the incision was made well to the side, the tactile area anterior to the
Safety of tamoxifen
Authors: V C Jordan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Rivalry among pharmaceutical companies and their products is a fact of modern life. But Gary M Williams overstates concerns about tamoxifen, and, in suggesting that toremifene, an antioestrogen that is not yet approved for treating advanced breast cancer in Britain or the United States, should be substituted for tamoxifen in prevention studies, he is suggesting the use of a drug whose long term toxicological effects in women are unknown.1 The rationale for his recommendation is that large doses of tamoxifen cause liver tumours in rats but toremifene does not.2 Had I found that tamoxifen was producing liver tumours in rats two decades ago I would not have advocated long term adjuvant tamoxifen treatment for node …
Lipoxygenase inhibitor nafazatrom fails to attenuate postischaemic ventricular dysfunction
Authors: P. G O'NEILL, M. L CHARLAT, H.-S. KIM, J. POCIUS, L. H MICHAEL, C. J HARTLEY, W.-X. ZHU, R. ROBERTS, R. BOLLI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Journal Article Lipoxygenase inhibitor nafazatrom fails to attenuate postischaemic ventricular dysfunction Get access PADRAIG G O'NEILL, PADRAIG G O'NEILL **From the Experimental Animal Laboratory, Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARTIN L CHARLAT, MARTIN L CHARLAT **From the Experimental Animal Laboratory, Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HAN-SEOB KIM, HAN-SEOB KIM ‡From the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JENNIFER POCIUS, JENNIFER POCIUS **From the Experimental Animal Laboratory, Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LLOYD H MICHAEL, LLOYD H MICHAEL †From the Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar CRAIG J HARTLEY, CRAIG J HARTLEY †From the Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar WEI-XI ZHU, WEI-XI ZHU **From the Experimental Animal Laboratory, Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT ROBERTS, ROBERT ROBERTS **From the Experimental Animal Laboratory, Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERTO BOLLI ROBERTO BOLLI **From the Experimental Animal Laboratory, Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 21, Issue 10, October 1987, Pages 755–760, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/21.10.755 Published: 01 October 1987 Article history Received: 15 December 1986 Accepted: 07 April 1987 Published: 01 October 1987
Correction: Health Is Still Social: Contemporary Examples in the Age of the Genome
Authors: Timothy H Holtz, Seth M Holmes, Scott Stonington, Leon Eisenberg
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Correction for:

Holtz TH, Holmes S, Stonington S, Eisenberg L (2006) Health is still social: Contemporary examples in the age of the genome. PLoS Med 3(10): e419. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030419

One of the authors, Seth M. Holmes, was referred to as Seth Holmes in the author line and in the citation.

The correct citation is: Holtz TH, Holmes SM, Stonington S, Eisenberg L (2006) Health is still social: Contemporary examples in the age of the genome. PLoS Med 3(10): e419. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030419
Patient Consent for Publication-Reply
Authors: Linda Hawes Clever
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The logic goes like this: A healthy society depends on healthy individuals. "Health" is more than physical well-being; health includes emotional and social well-being. An essential contributor to physicla, emotional, and social well-being is personal privacy, which signifies that an individual's autonomy is respected and value is affirmed. As Drs Kirsch and Rothschild point out, efforts to ensure privacy can go far beyond the ICMJE's modest proposals. Drs Ridzon and Onorato report that journals have inconsistent policies regarding "protection of patients and rights to privacy." This is not surprising, since, although ICMJE requirements are meant to decrease the need for authors to change the format of manuscripts in case of repeated submissions, journal editors, like scientists, are an independent lot and make decisions on their own. The answers to most of Ridzon and Onorato's questions are contained in the ICMJE statement<sup>1</sup>or in guidelines used by institutional review boards.
Teen Perceptions of Marijuana Risks Shift
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

sium (Bose R et al. Cancer Discov. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0349 [published online December 7, 2012]). “Patients with these mutations will be missed by current HER2 testing. Gene sequencing is required to identify these mutations,” said Ron Bose, MD, PhD, of the Washington University School of Medicine and the Siteman Cancer Center in St Louis. Therefore, patients with HER2 mutations currently would not qualify to receive drugs that target HER2. If a multicenter, phase 2 clinical trial testing neratinib in patients with HER2 mutations in their breast cancer cells is successful, an estimated 4000 US women per year could benefit, Bose said. “Worldwide, that number could be 5 times as large,” he said.