tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Hospital Its Relation to the Community and to the Medical Profession
Authors: Winford H. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 August 1931The Hospital Its Relation to the Community and to the Medical ProfessionWINFORD H. SMITH, M.D.WINFORD H. SMITH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-5-2-212 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the aggregate, the operation of the hospitals of the United States falls in the class of Big Business. With less than one thousand hospitals fifty years ago, we now have 7,000 hospitals in the United States. The value** of the hospital plants is about three billion dollars. The annual cost of maintenance is about 900 million dollars. The amount spent for new construction each year is 200 million dollars. The hospitals provide over 900,000 beds, in which every day there are over 700,000 patients. There are over 650,000 persons*** employed in operating hospitals, not including doctors and nurses. These... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Md.*Read at the Baltimore Meeting of the American College of Physicians, March 24, 1931.**Rorem—"The Public's Investment in Hospitals."***Allon Peebles—Publications of the Committee on the Cost of Medical Care. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1931Volume 5, Issue 2Page: 212-223KeywordsFalls Issue Published: 1 August 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract P323: Effectiveness of Point-of-Purchase Labeling on Dietary Behaviors and Nutrient Contents of Foods: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Siyi Shangguan, Jessica Smith, Wenjie Ma, Lauren Tanz, Ashkan Afshin, Dariush Mozaffarian
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background:  While point-of-purchase food labeling in restaurants is increasingly being planned or implemented to promote healthy choices, its effects on consumers’ behaviors or industry’s product formulations are not well established.   Method:  Using MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched multiple online databases to identify interventional trials or prospective observational studies of point-of-purchase labeling in restaurants and changes in intakes of foods/nutrients, industry food reformulation, and CVD risk factors (adiposity, blood pressure, blood lipids). Studies were excluded if cross-sectional, not aiming to improve diet, or evaluating supermarkets. Data were extracted independently and in duplicate by 2 investigators. Pooled estimates were calculated using inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis. Pre-specified potential sources of heterogeneity (study location, targeted consumers, type of restaurant, presence of legislation, label placement, label format and delivered information) were assessed by using meta-regression. Funnel plots and Begg’s and Egger’s tests assessed potential for publication bias.   Results:  Of 1,899 abstracts, 19 met inclusion criteria: 15 from North America and 4 from Europe. These included 8 RCTs, 6 non-randomized trials, and 5 prospective cohorts; conducted in laboratory (N=8 studies) or restaurant (N=11) settings. Labeling provided information on contents of energy or specific nutrients (N=13), traffic light codes or other grading systems (N=6), or health claims/symbols (N=3); and were placed on menus (N=10) or next to the food at the point-of-purchase (N=9). As percent change from baseline/control, pooled analyses found no significant association of point-of-purchase labeling with intake of total energy (N=23, -3.4%, 95%CI -8.2%, 1.3%), total fat (N=8, -4.5%, -14.7%, 5.6%), saturated fat (N=4, -6.4%, -29.5%,16.7%), carbohydrate (N=4, 0.6%, -3.3%, 4.5%), protein (N=3, -1.1%, -9.9%, 7.7%), sodium (N=3, -6.9%, -25.2%,11.5%), or vegetables (N=3, -1.0%, -17.7%,15.6%). When industry reformulations were evaluated, labeling was associated with lower sodium content (N=5, -4.7%, -8.8%, -0.6%), but not total energy (N=5), saturated fat (N=3), cholesterol (N=3), or fiber (N=3) contents. Too few studies assessed labeling and CVD risk factors. In meta-regression, no significant effect modification of findings was evident. Little evidence was seen for publication bias.   Conclusion:  These interventional and prospective findings suggest limited effects of point-of-purchase labeling in restaurants on consumers’ dietary behaviors, and potential effects on food industry reformulations of sodium content but not other factors. These findings highlight the need for additional investigation of labeling as well as prioritization of more robust evidence-based policies.
EASI, (objective) SCORAD and POEM for atopic eczema: responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference
Authors: M. E. Schram, Ph. I. Spuls, M. M. G. Leeflang, R. Lindeboom, J. D. Bos, J. Schmitt
Journal: Allergy (2011)

Demonstration of adequate reliability and validity is sufficient for concluding that an instrument is applicable for descriptive and predictive purposes, but before we can confidently use an outcome measure in clinical trials, the responsiveness (synonymous with sensitivity to change) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) should be known. With this study, we aimed to assess responsiveness and MCID of four outcome measures used in atopic eczema: the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), the objective SCORAD, Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), and the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM). Data of three randomized controlled trials were used. To demonstrate responsiveness, we plotted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. MCID was estimated using mean change scores of patients that showed a relevant improvement. Bland and Altman methods were used to quantify the limits of agreement. Area under the ROC curve for the SCORAD was 0.70 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61-0.78], for the objective SCORAD, 0.73 (95% CI: 0.70-0.77), for the EASI, 0.67 (95% CI: 0.60-0.76), and for the POEM, 0.67 (95% CI: 0.59-0.75). Scores above 0.70 represent a fair responsiveness. The MCID was 8.7 points for the SCORAD, 8.2 for the objective SCORAD, 6.6 for the EASI, and 3.4 for the POEM. The objective SCORAD and SCORAD showed a fair responsiveness. The MCIDs are an important prerequisite for the interpretation of published eczema trials and for the planning/sample size estimation of future trials.
Homocysteine-responsive ATF3 gene expression in human vascular endothelial cells: activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and promoter response element
Authors: Yong Cai, Chun Zhang, Tigre Nawa, Teijiro Aso, Makiko Tanaka, Satoru Oshiro, Hidenori Ichijo, Shigetaka Kitajima
Journal: Blood (2000)
Abstract P2-07-02: IGF1R/FAK crosstalk is essential for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion of TNBC cells
Authors: LaTonia D Taliaferro-Smith, Elaine Oberlick, Tongrui Liu, Tanisha Z McGlothen, Ruth O'Regan
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly metastatic and deadly tumors that currently lack effective prevention and treatment options. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) both play a role in several developmental processes, and both IGF1R and FAK signaling pathways have been linked to a number of common pathological diseases, including breast cancers. In particular, overexpression of IGF1R and FAK are closely associated with metastatic breast tumors. However, the relationship between the IGF1R and FAK signaling cascades in metastatic TNBCs remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the interrelationship between IGF1R and FAK crosstalk in regulating the malignant properties of TNBC cells. Using stable small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated IGF1R silencing and stable full-length IGF1R plasmid over-expression methods, we demonstrated that IGF1R was essential for maintaining mesenchymal morphologies of TNBC and regulating the expression of EMT markers, including vimentin, ZEB-1, Snail-1, E-cadherin, ZO-1, and claudin-1. Using colony formation, spheroid migration, and Matrigel invasion assays, we further showed that IGF1R promoted migratory and invasive TNBC phenotypes, including increased colony formation, cell migration, and invasion. Most importantly, IGF1R-mediated migration and invasion required FAK activation and could be augmented using pharmacological inhibitors of FAK. Our findings in TNBC cells demonstrate a novel role of the IGF1R/FAK signaling pathway in regulating critical processes involved in the metastatic cascade. These results may improve the current understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms of TNBC metastasis and provide a strong rationale for co-targeting of IGF1R and FAK as therapy for mesenchymal TNBCs. Citation Format: LaTonia D Taliaferro-Smith, Elaine Oberlick, Tongrui Liu, Tanisha Z McGlothen, Ruth O'Regan. IGF1R/FAK crosstalk is essential for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion of TNBC cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-07-02.
Abstract 134: Pitfall of Installing AEDs for Public Access Defibrillation in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Authors: Kyoko Tsukigase, Hideharu Tanaka, Shuji Shimazaki, Hiroshi Takyu
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  In Japan, 447,818 AED(s) were on market by 2012. Public Access Defibrillator (PAD) highly accepts for public in Japan, therefore issue is utilization rate is not high enough of AED installation of whole nationwide dissemination.   Purpose:  To examine of the place of the AED and occurrence out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Tokyo metropolitan area.   Method:  Total 13,364 OHCA case who transported by emergency medical services (EMS) in Tokyo metropolitan area in 2012. We analyzed relationship of place and the AED use were analyzed using the Utstain data.   Result:  The number of OHCA and AED implementation were increase by every year. Of the 45,504 AEDs installed in Tokyo, 60.4% placed at the indoor environment, 22.6% placed sport facilities or schools, 9.8% placed at home, respectively. There were 13,364 incidents of cardiac arrest, of which 11,068 (83%) occurred at home, 1,334 (10%) occurred at the outdoor environment, 859(6%) occurred at the indoor environment, and 98(1%) occurred at sport facilities or schools. As compared with the place and occurrence of OHCA mismatched, also, the sport facilities or the schools were noted highly good neurological outcome (46.9%) whereas 6.4% at home. Of these, 13,364 cardiac arrest events, only 1.9% (255/13364) AED applied (utilization rate) by lay rescuer.   Conclusion:  In conclusion, AED implementation rate is high at public space in Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan, it was highly AED implementation and one month good cerebral performance rate note at the schools and the sport facilities. It is difficult to use AED at home quickly, therefore, further study home AED with the dispatch and bystander CPR training must be warrant.
Disease and Its Control: The Shaping of Modern Thought.
Authors: Robert P. Hudson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations of Journals The Birth and Death of Diseases Disease and History Disease as Supernatural Disease as Natural and Generalized The Anatomical Idea Disease as Localized The Concept of Experimental Medicine Specific Causation Specific Prevention Specific Therapy Health, Disease, and Illness Appendix: The Hippocratic Oath Bibliography Index
1051. A Fail-Safe System for Gene Therapy of Parkinson's Disease; Application of Removable Expression Cassette To Prevent Overproduction of Dopamine in a Rat Model
Authors: Shin-ichi Muramatsu, Xiaog-gang Li, Takashi Okada, Mika Kodera, Yuko Nara, Naomi Takino, Kunihiko Ikeguchi, Fumi Urano, Hiroshi Ichinose, Imaharu Nakano, Keiya Ozawa
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Top of pageAbstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive movement disorder characterized by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and a severe decrease in the dopamine (DA) content of the striatum. We demonstrated previously that adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated gene transfer of three DA-synthesizing enzymes, namely tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), and GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH), resulted in behavioral recovery in animal models of PD with efficient and long-term transduction of striatal neurons. However, before the introduction of this strategy to the clinical arena, regulation of gene expression is necessary to avoid overproduction of DA. Inducible transgenesis based on bacteriophage P1 Cre recombinase has been developed to shut down gene expression when creating conditional knock out mice. To investigate the potential application of this technique to gene therapy for PD, we generated a recombinant AAV vector that expresses an improved variant of the tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase (CreERT2; provided by Pierre Chambon and Daniel Metzger, IGBMC), where the recombinase is fused to the mutated ligand-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor. The AAV vector that expresses TH was modified by adding flanking loxP sites to the TH coding sequence (AAV-floxed TH). Hemiparkinsonian rats were obtained by injecting a selective neurotoxin, 6-OHDA, into the left medial forebrain bundle. The animals received a mixture of AAV-CreERT2, AAV-floxed TH, AAV-AADC, and AAV-GCH. Half of them were further treated with 4-OH tamoxifen (1mg/kg, i.p., five days) in the course of the experiments. Control rats were injected with AAV-LacZ alone, or AAV-Cre that expresses Cre recombinase instead of AAV-CreERT2 with AAV-floxed TH/-AADC/-GCH. Behavioral recovery was observed in the rats that received AAV vectors expressing DA-synthesizing enzymes except for those that received AAV-Cre simultaneously. After tamoxifen treatment, the AAV-CreERT2 injected rats showed behavioral impairment again. The DA content in the lesioned striatum was significantly lower and there were less TH-immunoreactive cells in the tamoxifen-treated AAV-CreERT2 group compared with the tamoxifen-untreated group. The AADC activity did not change after the tamoxifen treatment, suggesting selective inactivation of TH. With this method, orally administrated L-DOPA, a substrate for AADC, could be converted to DA in the striatum and retain therapeutic effects even after the patients were treated with tamoxifen in case of DA overproduction. Inducible reduction of TH expression using AAV-CreERT2 should be a molecular switch for increasing the safety of AAV vector-mediated gene therapy for PD.
Urine Glucose Analyses During Continuous
Authors: F. John Service
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Studies in ambulatory, fed diabetic patients and normal subjects, with continuous in vivo blood glucose analysis for 48-hour periods, have permitted an examination of the relationship between simultaneous levels of blood and urinary glucose. There is a significant correlation between the blood glucose level and the urinary glucose level measured quantitatively for the period of observation. Semiquantitative determination of urinary glucose with the use of colorimetric test paper (Tes-Tape) on second-voided preprandial urine specimens is at best a rough indication of the prevailing blood glucose level and in some instances may be misleading. Semiquantitative glucose analysis of first-voided and second-voided urine specimens, bracketing a urine collection period, provides a clinically useful estimate of the urinary glucose level during the collection period.
The Junction of the Thames and the Medway
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 364: Mechanical properties of growing melanocytic nevi and the progression to melanoma
Authors: Alessandro Taloni, Alexander A. Alemi, Emilio Ciusani, James Sethna, Stefano Zaperi, Caterina Anna Maria Laporta
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Melanocytic nevi are benign proliferations that sometimes turn into malignant melanoma in a way that is still unclear from the biochemical and genetic point of view. Diagnostic and prognostic tools are then mostly based on dermoscopic examination and morphological analysis of histological tissues. To investigate the role of mechanics and geometry in the morpholgical dynamics of melanocytic nevi, we study a computation model for cell proliferation in a layered non-linear elastic tissue. Numerical simulations show that the morphology of the nevus is correlated to the initial location of the proliferating cell starting the growth process and to the mechanical properties of the tissue. Our results also show that melanocytes are subject to compressive stresses that fluctuate widely in the nevus and depend on the growth stage. This result is important because mechanical stress has an effect that differs for primary and metastatic melanoma. We show experimentally that osmotic stress and collagen inhibit growth in primary melanoma cells while the effect is much weaker in metastatic cells. Knowing that morphological features of nevi might also reflect geometry and mechanics rather than malignancy could be relevant for diagnostic purposes. Citation Format: Alessandro Taloni, Alexander A. Alemi, Emilio Ciusani, James Sethna, Stefano Zaperi, Caterina Anna Maria Laporta. Mechanical properties of growing melanocytic nevi and the progression to melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 364. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-364
Antiobiotic prophylaxis is different in guidelines
Authors: Habib U Rehman
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Ramaraj and Sorrell recommend antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis in all patients with aortic stenosis.1 This advice is not in accordance with the most recent guidelines by the American Heart Association on prevention of infective endocarditis.2 According to these guidelines, antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated only for certain cardiac conditions with …
Abstract 5553: In vivo and in vitro effect of Withania somnifera extract on the proliferation of side population (CD44HIGH /CD24LOW) cells sorted from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Authors: Kamel F. Khazal
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Invasive breast cancer is considered a great challenge for treatment of cancer in women. In 2013, an estimated 232,340 new cases of invasive breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in the U.S., along with 64,640 new cases of non-invasive breast cancer. For women under 45, breast cancer is more common in African-American women than white women, and, overall, African-American women are more likely to die of breast cancer. CD44high/CD24low cells have been associated with invasiveness of breast cancers, in particular basal-like breast cancers. In nude mice xenografted with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, CD44high/CD24low cells are the side population associated with metastasis to the bones and are considered to be cancer stem cells. The side population cells are not only involved in invasiveness of breast cancer but are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs such as mitoxantrone and doxorubicin. The effects of an alcoholic extract of the roots of Withania somnifera (WS), a traditional herbal remedy, was tested in the sorted side population, CD44high/CD24low, of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. WS caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the sorted cells, with 95, 65, and 35% inhibition of the proliferation of cells after incubation with concentrations of 100, 50, and 25 μg/ml, respectively. Two groups of nude mice (10 mice ineach group) were xenografted with luciferase transfected CD44high/CD24low cells. Group1 served as control has been dosed with 10% DMSO via drinking water for 8 weeks. Group 2 has been given WS (300 mg/kg) via drinking water for 8 weeks. This experiment is on going and will end after 8 weeks. Tumoror size will be assessed each week using an in vivo imaging system. In conclusion, on, Withania somnifera extract showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of CD44high/CD24low cells and it is anticipated that the extract will be effective in inhibition of cell proliferation in treated mice. These findings serve as preliminary data for further preclinical studies evaluating the effects of WS. Grant support: Research supported by NIH-NCI-U54-118948 at Tuskegee University and the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Citation Format: Kamel F. Khazal. In vivo and in vitro effect of Withania somnifera extract on the proliferation of side population (CD44HIGH /CD24LOW) cells sorted from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5553. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5553
Daily life physical activity in children and adults with good asthma control
Authors: Patricia Freitas, Renata Teixeira, Cibele Marques da Silva, Marcos Ribeiro, Andrey Souza, Rafael Stelmach, Anna L.B. Cabral, Celso R.F. Carvalho
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Asthma symptoms can lead to reduction in daily physical activities (DPA); however, the levels of DPA in patients with good asthma control remain unknown.  OBJECTIVE:  To assess the DPA in asthmatic children and adults.  METHODS:  This cross sectional study enrolled 140 patients with persistent asthma with good asthma control, 79 children (9.8±1.5 yrs) and 61 adults (47.2±11.0 yrs) and their respective control groups (42 children, 9.7±1.7 yrs and 57 adults; 45.9±3.2 yrs). All participants were requested to wear an accelerometer (Power Walker-610, Yamax) and orientated to continue their normal activities. Total daily number of steps (TOT) and the moderate activities (>1100 steps/min; power walking (PW)) were recorded for a 7 days period when participants returned the accelerometers. T-test was used to compare DPA in children and adults with their control groups.  RESULTS:  There were no differences neither in TOT nor in PW between asthmatic children and control group (respectively, 13,689±4,146 steps vs. 12,521±3,540; and 6,172±1,865 steps vs. 5,701±1,683 steps; p>0.05). Similar results of TOT and PW were observed between asthmatic adults and their peers (respectively, 10,913±5,174 vs. 10,329±2,586 steps; and 4,416±2,572s vs 4,828±1,927 steps; p>0.05). No differences were also found neither in TOT nor PW between weekdays and weekends in both groups. The proportion of active children and adults was similar between asthmatic and controls.  CONCLUSION:  Our results show that asthmatic children and adults with good disease control do not have a more sedentary lifestyle than their peers.