tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Low-Dose Propantheline on Food-Stimulated Gastric Acid Secretion
Authors: Mark Feldman, Charles T. Richardson, Walter L. Peterson, John H. Walsh, John S. Fordtran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We evaluated the widely held notion that anticholinergic drugs must be used in near toxic doses to inhibit gastric acid secretion effectively. Nine patients with duodenal ulcer were studied after a low dose (15 mg) and after a near toxic dose (averaging 48 mg) of the anticholinergic, propantheline. Mean (± S.E.) inhibition of food-stimulated acid secretion was identical with the two doses of propantheline: 29±10 and 29±11 per cent, respectively. In addition, when 15 mg of propantheline was combined with the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, acid secretion was suppressed to a greater degree than with either drug alone. A low dose of propantheline is as effective as a near toxic dose in suppressing food-stimulated acid secretion and augments the inhibitory effect of cimetidine. (N Engl J Med 297:1427–1430,1977)
Case Presentations in Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: Michael O. Blackstone
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>Gastroenterology,</h3> by Gary Gitnick (<i>Medical Outline Series</i>), 360 pp, with illus, paper, $25, New Hyde Park, NY, Medical Examination Publishing Co Inc, 1985. <i>Case Presentations</i>consists mainly of 60 cases, most disorders of the large and small intestine and hepatobiliary system; a smaller number present esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic conditions. The well-constructed, interesting cases will often challenge even an experienced gastroenterologist's diagnostic acumen. They are well designed for medical students, house officers, and trainees in gastroenterology as well as for any physician who, with a moment or two to spare, would enjoy solving a short diagnostic puzzle. The questions are relatively brief and straightforward. The discussion of the cases is one of the book's strongest points, providing a pertinent, accurate review for a wide variety of conditions, such as achalasia, esophageal webs and rings, the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and antibiotic-associated colitis, to name a few. Some may find the British terminology
A Water Company Sued.
Authors: U. O. B. Wingate
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Milwaukee, Wis., Dec. 4, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Some years ago there was an epidemic of typhoid fever at Ashland, in this State. The water-supply was furnished by a company, and it was believed that the epidemic was due to the contaminated water taken from Chequamegon Bay. The water company extended its pipes, and later put in a filtration system, which has resulted in giving pure water. In the meantime a Mrs. Green sued the company for the death of her husband, and claimed damages amounting to $5,000. This case was recently tried at Stevens Point, the case being taken from Ashland on a change of venue; much expert evidence was produced on both sides, and the jury decided in favor of the plaintiff, giving her $5,000 damages. This was done in spite of the fact that the only evidence produced that the man died of typhoid fever was the
A Study of the Mode of Action of the Adrenal Medullary Hormones on Sodium, Potassium and Water Excretion in Man12
Authors: James F. Nickel, Cheves McC. Smythe, Emanuel M. Papper, Stanley E. Bradley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

The adrenal medullary hormones, I-epinephrine and l-norepinephrine, elicit differing systemic hemodynamic responses when administered in physiologic dosage to normal man (2, 3). Both produce an elevation in the arterial pressure but l-epinephrine does so by increasing cardiac output in association with diminished or unchanging peripheral vascular resistance, whereas I-norepinephrine usually induces a fall in cardiac output and an increase in resistance. Both evoke renal vasoconstriction and a reduction in renal blood flow (4-6) with a decrease in the urinary concentration and excretion of sodium and potassium (7, 8). Since glomerular filtration is not affected (5-9) the reduction in electrolyte output may be ascribed to augmented tubular reabsorption. The urine flow remains essentially unchanged or increases during intravenous infusion of either agent and usually declines abruptly upon termination of the pressor response. These alterations in urine formation may be ascribed to a direct action of the adrenal medullary hormones upon the tubular cellular processes of salt and water transfer or to an indirect effect upon tubular function mediated by release of adrenal cortical hormones or neurogenic activity. The change in urine flow may reflect a secondary change in the production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the posterior pituitary. The possibility that local renal hemodynamic adjustments also play an important role cannot be excluded. The study reported in this paper was un
A CLINICAL STUDY OF ACUTE RHEUMATISM: BASED ON WORK AT THE RHEUMATISM SUPERVISORY CENTRE, ROYAL BOROUGH OF KENSINGTON
Authors: R. C. Lightwood, M. L. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1929)

because they are not part of a broad comprehensive schelmie.Abundant illustrations might be given, but taking the latest of the rlemedies advanced-thie routine veterinary inspection of dairy cattle-it is advocated as a thing worth initroducinig by itself, or to protect the milk supply, and never with a realization of tho need to fit it into a wide comnprelhenisive sclheme.By itself I regalrd it as not worth doing, but it occupies quite a differenit place as lpait of a comprelhenisive attack oni bovinie tuberculosis.As palt of suclh a compr-ehenisive sclheme certain clhaniges seeni to me to be essenitial requLirements.Onie is a rladical alteration in the environmiiiential conditionis of the cow.There seems -no reason.that the agriculturists lhave advaniced why the usual l)ractice of keepinig cows all the winiter in insaniitary cowsheds slhould niot largely give place to their livinig und(ler muich more open-air conditionis, the sheds possibly being used for milkinig or lhousing under exceptionally severe coniditions.A second step is the developminelnt of adequate measur es to pr-event or at least limit the spread of infectioln.The p)artial abolition of the cowshed will materially reduce risks of infection, but, in additioll, more direct measures are necessary.One is a more active educationial campaign.A seconid is to place part of the onus of preventing inifec- tion upon the cow-keeper.Since a material pairt of the cost of bovine tuberculosis noow falls iupon tlle central anid local public health authorities, it is but logical they slhould hlave some po6ei-s to limit their expenditure by insisting that cow-owners should exercise due precautions to prevent infection.Cow-keepers who, by wilful failure to take due precautions, add to, the nation's bill for tubericulosis should be penalized.Problems of feeding and other factors affectinig tubercu- losis in cows all meerit careful consideration in any well- thought-out programme.Jnto such a scheme can profitably be fitted immunization experimiients, the formation of tuberculin-free herds, the * Working with a grant from the Medlical Re-earcli Counieil.
Altered Biodistribution of Ga-67 by Intramuscular Gold Salts
Authors: R GENE MOULT, CARLOS BEKERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

The authors observed a deviation from the normal scintigraphic pattern of Ga-67 citrate biodistribution. An 8-year-old black girl with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, who had been treated with intramuscular injections of gold salts, had a Ga-67 study as part of her workup. The study demonstrated no hepatic uptake, but showed elevated skeletal and renal activity. This characteristic biodistribution of Ga-67 may be due to inhibition of lysosomal enzymes by gold and/or to accumulation of gold in lysosomes. To study these possibilities, the authors reviewed the mechanisms of Ga-67 localization and gold metabolism. Alteration of the Ga-67 citrate scintigraphic pattern due to earlier treatment with gold salts has not been reported previously.
Alleviation of Prickly Heat
Authors: L. Radclyffe
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Alleviation of Prickly Heat SIR,-I have read your annotation on prickly heat (Nov.15, p. 779) and should like to mention a method of alleviation of this annoying complaint which is very effective and dramatic in its action, although it is not a cure, nor does it supersede any methods which are known; to be effective in its prophylaxis or cure.I am referring to the beneficial effect of "benadryl."Within the space of several hours of taking 100 mg. of benadryl there is a blanching of the affected area and a concomitant relief from the intense itching.A short course of benadryl lasting 1-2 days is able to cause a complete remission of symptoms, but naturally in an adverse climate there will be a recurrence.I presume that other antihistamine drugs will act similarly.I should be very grateful to hear of anyone'3 experience of this method.-Iam, etc.,
Abstract 3927: Loss of bHLH transcription factor Id4 modulates androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer progression
Authors: Jason P. Carey, Jaideep Chaudhary
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Inhibitor of differentiation 4 (Id4), a crucial developmental gene also expressed in the normal prostate, has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Promoter hypermethylation of Id4 is observed in several advanced stage cancers including prostate cancer. The loss of Id4 expression correlates with androgen independent prostate cancer progression. Our studies suggest that Id4 plays a crucial role in mediating the transition from androgen dependent to androgen independent prostate cancer by mediating the AR axis potential and reprogramming several cellular mechanisms including migration, senescence and proliferation. Stable transfection of a full length Id4 plasmid into the androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line DU145 resulted in re-expression of AR and downstream AR response gene PSA. Id4 transfected cells also observed an androgen regulated rate of proliferation in responsive to treatment with AR antagonist, Casodex. AR antagonism also significantly reduced the rate of migration as observed by a scratch wound assay. Under closer observation, AR antagonist treatment with Casodex also inhibited translocation of AR to the nucleus of DU145 cells as observed by immunofluorescence. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that DU145+Id4 transfected cells undergo a significant level of senescence (∼ 32%) compared to normal DU145 cells (∼ 4%). Treatment of DU145+Id4 cells with the AR antagonist Casodex demonstrate that the rate of senescence in DU145+Id4 transfected cells is closely related to inhibition of AR activity. Our results suggest that Id4 may play a crucial role in the loss of AR activity in advanced stage prostate cancer progression. These results also suggest that the antagonism of AR nuclear translocation post Id4 induction closely regulates the rate of proliferation and the induction of a senescent phenotype. These results provide a significant correlation between Id4 expression and AR activity during prostate cancer progression. Loss of AR activity through Id4 promoter hypermethylation may play a crucial role in understanding castration resistant prostate cancer. Therefore, induction of Id4 may provide a novel therapeutic target for advanced stage prostate cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3927. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3927
HOST-HOMOGRAFT TISSUE INTERACTIONS FOLLOWING EXCHANGE BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS IN RABBITS
Authors: Richard H. Andresen, Clarence W. Monroe, George M. Hass, Dorothy A. Madden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Under ordinary conditions musculofascial cross-grafts made between pairs of rabbits of the same strain and species elicited classical host-homograft tissue interactions. When the cross-grafting was done 7 to 10 days after exchange transfusions leading to introduction of about 40 per cent of foreign blood, the classical host-homograft reaction failed to develop. In its stead there was an harmonious interaction characterized by abundant vascularization of each graft, with minimal stromal replacement and without a trace of inflammation. This reaction resembled a common type previously described in cross-grafts made between postparabiotic twins but lacked some conspicuous features of the reaction of an animal to grafts of its own tissues.
Managing Pain in Elderly Patients
Authors: Seymour H. Levitt
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comorbidity Affects the Relationship Between Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Diabetes
Authors: Sheldon Greenfield
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Recent studies have shown mixed results regarding the effectiveness of intensive glucose-lowering therapy in reducing risk for cardiovascular events. Objective: To determine whether attaining hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) targets of 6.5% or less or 7.0% or less for glycemic control at baseline provides differential benefits for patients with high versus low-to-moderate levels of comorbidity. Design: 5-year longitudinal observational study of patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients were categorized into high and low-to-moderate comorbidity subgroups by using the Total Illness Burden Index (TIBI), a validated patient-reported measure of comorbidity. Setting: 101 diabetes outpatient clinics and 103 general practitioners' clinics in Italy. Patients: 2613 (83%) of 3074 patients with type 2 diabetes, sampled randomly from diabetes outpatient clinic rosters and recruited consecutively from general practitioners' clinics, who completed the baseline questionnaire. Measurements: TIBI score, total mortality, and incident cardiovascular events. Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for age and sex. Results: Attaining an HbA1c level of 6.5% or less at baseline was associated with lower 5-year incidence of cardiovascular events in the low-to-moderate comorbidity subgroup (adjusted HR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.42 to 0.85]; P = 0.005) but not in the high comorbidity subgroup (adjusted HR, 0.92 [CI, 0.68 to 1.25]; P = 0.61; P for subgroup by HbA1c interaction = 0.048). Similarly, attaining a baseline HbA1c level of 7.0% predicted fewer cardiovascular events in the low-to-moderate comorbidity subgroup (adjusted HR, 0.61 (CI, 0.44 to 0.83; P = 0.001) but not in the high comorbidity subgroup (adjusted HR, 0.88 [CI, 0.66 to 1.17]; P = 0.38; P for subgroup by HbA1c interaction = 0.093). Limitations: The observational nature of the study does not allow causal inference. The length of the data collection period was limited. Information on clinical management was not available. Conclusion: Patients with the high levels of comorbidity common in type 2 diabetes may receive diminished cardiovascular benefit from intensive blood glucose control. Comorbidity should be considered when tailoring glucose-lowering therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Primary Funding Source: Pfizer of Italy.
Mammary skin oedema: a new prognostic indicator for breast cancer.
Authors: H S Shukla, I H Gravelle, L E Hughes, R G Newcombe, S Williams
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Mammary skin thickening shown on the mammogram was measured in 220 patients with non-inflammatory breast cancer, and the mean skin oedema was derived by taking the mean of five measurements from separate sites on the breast (upper part, lower part, medial part, lateral part, and areola) after subtracting the corresponding figures from the opposite (normal) breast. The prevalence of appreciable oedema (greater than 0.25 mm) was 70% for tumours less than 1 cm and 100% for tumours more than 3 cm in diameter. This measure of oedema correlated positively and significantly with tumour size and lymph node status. In a minimum of 60 months' follow up patients developing recurrence had significantly higher oedema values. The amount of oedema also predicted recurrence better than lymph node status, tumour size, or tumour stage. Oedema and tumour size, information available preoperatively, provide a simple means of assessing prognosis before definitive treatment.
Devendra Kumar Gupta
Authors: G. Gilfillan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

General practitioner Sunderland (b 1947; q India 1970; MD), d 2 December 2002.

Dev trained in India and worked as a paediatrician in Indore before coming to England. He then did paediatric jobs in some of the more deprived areas of the north east. In 1994 he began training as a general practitioner and came to work in the Southwick area of Sunderland. He had a great deal of business acumen and instructed his staff to “make every decision as if they owned the company.” He leaves a wife, Sashi; two children; and two grandchildren.
Efficient responses to host and bacterial signals during<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>colonization
Authors: Francesca P Rothenbacher, Jun Zhu
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Vibrio cholerae, the microorganism responsible for the diarrheal disease cholera, is able to sense and respond to a variety of changing stimuli in both its aquatic and human gastrointestinal environments. Here we present a review of research efforts aimed toward understanding the signals this organism senses in the human host. V. cholerae's ability to sense and respond to temperature and pH, bile, osmolarity, oxygen and catabolite levels, nitric oxide, and mucus, as well as the quorum sensing signals produced in response to these factors will be discussed. We also review the known quorum sensing regulatory pathways and discuss their importance with regard to the regulation of virulence and colonization during infection.
Whole-heart dipyridamole stress first-pass myocardial perfusion MRI for the detection of coronary artery disease with and without prior myocardial infarction
Authors: Bonpei Takase, Masayoshi Nagata, Teruyoshi Kihara, Haruhiko Hosaka, Akiko Hara, Akira Kamezawa, Kumiko Noya, Akira Kurita, Hitoshi Anzai, Masami Sakurada, Fumitaka Ohsuzu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Modulation of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Nitric Oxide in Murine Acute Lung Injury
Authors: KEITH R. WALLEY, TREENA E. McDONALD, YUGI HIGASHIMOTO, SHIZU HAYASHI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We tested the hypothesis that NO synthase inhibition alters proinflammatory cytokine expression during acute lung injury in mice. Five-week-old CD-1 mice were pretreated with l-NAME or d-NAME and then received an intratracheal injection of endotoxin (or PBS). TNF- α and IL-6 ELISAs and RT-PCR were performed on lung homogenates sampled 6 h later. l-NAME increased TNF- α and IL-6 protein and mRNA expression in lungs. Immunostaining demonstrated that TNF- α was expressed predominantly by macrophages in the lung. l-NAME did not alter pulmonary macrophage concentration. To better understand the effect of NO synthase inhibition, elicited murine peritoneal macrophages were stimulated in vitro with LPS after addition of l-NAME, d-NAME, nitroprusside, or control. Nuclear proteins were extracted 3 h later and electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays were performed using radiolabeled NF- κ B consensus sequence oligonucleotides. Endotoxin increased NF- κ B p50/p65 heterodimer binding. Binding was further increased by l-NAME and decreased by nitroprusside. The effect of nitroprusside was not blocked by guanylate cyclase inhibition. We conclude that, in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury, NO synthase inhibition increases proinflammatory cytokine protein and mRNA expression in part because NO decreases the amount of NF- κ B available for binding to the regulatory region of proinflammatory cytokine genes.
Radioactive Fat Absorption Patterns
Authors: WILLIAM LIKOFF, DONALD BERKOWITZ, ASHER WOLDOW, A. GERSON JACOBS, DAVID M. SKLAROFF
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Fat tolerance tests with radioactive triolein were performed on a group of patients with coronary atherosclerosis or hypercholesterolemia, and significant differences from normal subjects were observed. The mechanisms and implications of these abnormalities are discussed.
Amenorrhea and Galactorrhea Following Oral Contraceptive Therapy
Authors: Stanley Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Twenty-one patients had complete amenorrhea or anovulatory cycles for one or more years following the use of oral contraceptives. Nine also had galactorrhea. There was an increased incidence of preexisting menstrual irregularities among these patients, and only four had been pregnant before. Marriage or some other environmental change was usually associated with the start of oral contraceptive therapy. One patient had taken a sequential agent; the remainder had used combination-type agents. These patients did not significantly differ from those with secondary amenorrhea not related to use of oral contraceptives in either their clinical symptoms or response to treatment. This study was not able to demonstrate a definite cause and effect relationship between oral contraceptive therapy and the ensuing amenorrhea or galactorrhea.
Does Lowering Cholesterol Cause Cancer?
Authors: James E. Dalen
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Deciding who should be screened and treated for elevated cholesterol levels has profound implications for the health of our nation. Depending on the selection criterion for screening, the costs of screening and treatment and the potential savings by preventing myocardial infarction and death from coronary heart disease (CHD) can be staggering. The two extreme positions regarding the appropriate population to be screened and treated are those of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)<sup>1</sup>and of Hulley and his associates.<sup>2</sup>The NCEP recommends that all Americans aged 20 years and older be screened for high cholesterol and has prepared dietary and drug therapy guidelines for patients, millions of whom do not have clinical evidence of CHD. Since CHD is a progressive disease that may take decades to become manifest, the NCEP recommends primary as well as secondary prevention. See also p 55. Hulley and coworkers have reported that screening