tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INTERMITTENT PYURIA DUE TO INFECTION OF THE PROSTATIC UTRICLE
Authors: Albert J. Underhill
Journal: JAMA (1913)

night ; pain extends to buso of neck and even into arms.Patient has had a headache for two days ami is nauseated.Fout e.c. of antistaphyloCOOOic serum were injected on each side in the Buprascapular regions.Two days later, patient declared himself to be fill per cent, better; said that most of the pain had disappeared.The inflammatory phenomena were remarkably decreased anil circumscribed, and the "core" was removed.Two days later the patient was given a second inoc¬ ulation of S e.c.id' the serum and discharged.CASE 27.-April 12. 1912: T. C. N., aged 2(1: recurrent furun¬ culosis, During the past six months, patient has Buffered from recurrent boils in lite nose.An inoculation of 4 cc. of antistaphylococcic serum was administered.The final result is not noted in this case ¡is the patient did not.return.Cask 2S.May 20. 1912: P. '/... aged 12; acute recurrent, furunculosis.During (he past week at least a dozen mctaslatic boils have made their appearance, principally on the neck.One inoculation of 2 cc of the antistaphylococcic scrum was given.This immediately prevented further recurrence and caused the present lesions to heal spontaneously.
Effects of a diphenyl ether-type herbicide, chlornitrofen, and its amino derivative on androgen and estrogen receptor activities.
Authors: Hiroyuki Kojima, Mitsuru Iida, Eiji Katsura, Akio Kanetoshi, Yoshihiro Hori, Kunihiko Kobayashi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Chlornitrofen (CNP) was widely used in large quantities as a herbicide in rice paddy fields in Japan during 1965-1994. Recently, there has been concern that chemicals in the environment may disrupt the endocrine function of wildlife and humans, but little is known about the effect of CNP on endocrine function. We have developed reporter gene assays for human androgen receptor (hAR) and human estrogen receptor-alpha (hER alpha) using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Using this assay method, we measured CNP and its amino derivative (CNP-amino) for hAR and hER alpha agonist/antagonist activities, comparing them with several well-known AR antagonists or ER agonists. We found that CNP and CNP-amino have potent antiandrogenic activities as well as estrogenic activities. The order of their antiandrogenic activity was CNP > vinclozolin > o,p-DDT = p,p-DDE > CNP-amino, and the order of their estrogenic activity was o,p-DDT > CNP-amino > p,p-DDT > CNP. We investigated the binding ability of CNP and CNP-amino to hAR and hER alpha using a receptor competitive-binding assay. The order of their binding potencies to hAR was CNP > o,p-DDT = p,p-DDE = CNP-amino > vinclozolin, and that of their binding potencies to hER alpha was o,p-DDT > CNP-amino > p,p-DDT = CNP. These results suggest that both CNP and CNP-amino may act as endocrine disruptors via AR and ER alpha in humans and other animals. Our reporter gene assays are highly sensitive and specific and are suitable for screening AR and ER alpha agonist/antagonists among numerous environmental chemicals.
Antioxidant vitamins prevent cardiomyocyte apoptosis produced by norepinephrine infusion in ferrets
Authors: F Qin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Background: Norepinephrine (NE) induces apoptosis in cultured neonatal rat myocytes. To determine whether this change occurred in intact animals after chronic subhypertensive doses of NE, and whether the effect was mediated via oxidative stress produced by NE, we measured myocyte apoptosis and apoptotic gene proteins in ferrets receiving chronic NE with and without antioxidant vitamin treatment. Methods: Ferrets were administered either subcutaneous NE or vehicle and simultaneously assigned to receive antioxidant vitamins (β-carotene, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol) or vehicle for 4 weeks. Resting hemodynamics and plasma NE were measured at 4 weeks. Animals were then sacrificed for measuring cardiac myocyte size by electron microscopy, and oxidative stress by reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio and mitochrondrial DNA 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by both terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and monoclonal antibody to single-stranded DNA (Mab) staining. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and apoptotic protein Bax. Results: NE administration produced a 4-fold increase in plasma NE, but had no effect on resting heart rate, heart weight, arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic function or cardiac cell size. NE infusion decreased tissue GSH/GSSG ratio, and increased mtDNA 8-oxo-dG, and TUNEL- and Mab-positive apoptotic cells. These changes were associated with a 27% decrease in Bcl-2 protein, a 42% increase in Bax and a 57% reduction in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. All of the changes were prevented by co-administration of antioxidant vitamins. Conclusion: NE administration at a dose which produced no significant increase in blood pressure or myocyte hypertrophy caused cardiomyocyte apoptosis in intact animals. This effect was associated with an increase in oxidative stress, up-regulation of Bax protein and down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein. Antioxidant vitamins prevented the changes produced by NE. The findings suggest that NE-induced myocyte apoptosis is mediated by oxidative stress, and that antioxidant vitamins may be beneficial in heart failure in which cardiac NE release is increased.
Neural game theory and the search for rational agents in the brain
Authors: Gregory S. Berns
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The advent of functional brain imaging has revolutionized the ability to understand the biological mechanisms underlying decision-making. Although it has been amply demonstrated that assumptions of rationality often break down in experimental games, there has not been an overarching theory of why this happens. I describe recent advances in functional brain imaging and suggest a framework for considering the function of the human reward system as a discrete agent.
SUMMER CARE OF THE TUBERCULAR.
Authors: WILLIAM PORTER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

One of the practical questions that arises in the mind of almost every physician, especially if he lives in the Mississippi or Ohio valley, is "How can I tide my tubercular cases over the hot summer months?" In my own practice I have found that the July and August temperature of 90 degrees and more, the close, humid atmosphere, and the nights with scarcely a breeze, are conditions that are greater hindrances in the management of such cases than the inclemency of the winter months. Patients can be protected against cold and change, but there is little defence against heat and humidity. While not so enthusiastic in commending climate as a<i>sine qua non</i>in the treatment of tuberculosis as I have formerly been, yet I am sure that many of us lose much in the continuity of medication and care of these cases during the hot season. So it
Jean-Paul Marat — Physician, Philosopher, Patriot
Authors: Marjorie Hemming
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

JEAN-Paul Mara, a physician and a controversial figure of the French Revolution, was born in Boudry, Neuchâtel, in 1743, son of Jean Paul Mara, who has been described variously as a doctor, a designer of cloth and a master of the Italian and Spanish languages. He added the "t" to his name in later years to give it a French appearance.Until about 1765, when he went to live in England, little is known of Marat's life. He seems to have studied medicine for two years at the University of Bordeaux and later in Paris and Holland, a period when . . .
We need to rethink front line care for back pain
Authors: J. Hartvigsen, N. E. Foster, P. R. Croft
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A discussion between Dr. Dee Silver and Dr. Richard Trosch provides insight and advice for physicians considering a switch from immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa (IR CD-LD) to RYTARY as a treatment for patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The dialogue describes how they identify patients with PD who may and may not be successful switching to RYTARY, how they approach the conversion process and patient compliance, and how they address some side effects that may occur after patients begin taking RYTARY. The clinicians also discuss their experiences with how long it takes to establish a stable regimen as well as provide general advice regarding conversion from treatment with IR CD-LD to RYTARY.
Cold-Knife Incision of Anastomotic Strictures after Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy with Bladder Neck Preservation: Efficacy and Impact on Urinary Continence Status
Authors: Gianluca Giannarini, Francesca Manassero, Andrea Mogorovich, Francesca Valent, Maurizio De Maria, Donatella Pistolesi, Pietro De Antoni, Cesare Selli
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Systematic Review Evaluating the Timing of Thoracic Radiation Therapy in Combined Modality Therapy for Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Daniel B. Fried, David E. Morris, Charles Poole, Julian G. Rosenman, Jan S. Halle, Frank C. Detterbeck, Thomas A. Hensing, Mark A. Socinski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Purpose We employed meta-analytic techniques to evaluate early (E) versus late (L) timing of thoracic radiation therapy (RT) in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). In addition, we assessed the impact of radiation fractionation and chemotherapeutic regimen on timing. Methods Randomized trials published after 1985 addressing timing of RT relative to chemotherapy in LS-SCLC were included. Trials were analyzed by risk ratio (RR), risk difference, and number-needed-to-treat methods. Results Overall survival (OS) RRs for all studies were 1.17 at 2 years (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.35; P = .03) and 1.13 at 3 years (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.39; P = .2), indicating a significantly increased 2-year survival for ERT versus LRT patients and suggestive of a similar trend at 3 years. Subset analysis of studies using hyperfractionated RT revealed OS RR for ERT versus LRT of 1.44 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.77; P = .001) and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.90; P = .04) at 2 and 3 years, respectively, indicating a survival benefit of ERT versus LRT. Studies using once-daily fractionation showed no difference in 2- and 3-year OS RRs for ERT compared with LRT. Studies using platinum-based chemotherapy had OS RRs of 1.30 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.53; P = .002) and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.70; P = .01) at 2 and 3 years, respectively, favoring ERT. Studies using nonplatinum-based chemotherapy regimens had nonsignificant differences in OS. Conclusion A small but significant improvement in 2-year OS for ERT versus LRT in LS-SCLC was observed, similar to the benefit of adding RT to chemotherapy or prophylactic cranial irradiation. A greater difference was evident for hyperfractionated RT and platinum-based chemotherapy.
CD32B is highly expressed on clonal plasma cells from patients with systemic light-chain amyloidosis and provides a target for monoclonal antibody–based therapy
Authors: Ping Zhou, Raymond L. Comenzo, Adam B. Olshen, Ezio Bonvini, Scott Koenig, Peter G. Maslak, Martin Fleisher, James Hoffman, Suresh Jhanwar, James W. Young, Stephen D. Nimer, Adam M. Boruchov
Journal: Blood (2008)
PER-URETHRAL OPERATIONS FOR PROSTATIC OBSTRUCTION
Authors: K. M. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1925)

PROSTATIC OBSTRUCTION. f MUE BRITS 201 tvpe of enlding lhas already been described in this lecture as beinig sympathetic effereent in character.The initrafusal filres seemll, therefore, to have a single efferen-t inniiervation which is sympathetic in origini.Tllis is in itself a poinit of great importance, for it suggests tllat other fibres may be similarly innlervated.I suggest, ther efore, that the skeletal muscle of verte- brates consists of two sets of muscle fibres disposed in groups eachll witlh its own specific innervation, and, consequelntly, its owni specific funietion, the experimenital inivestigation of wh-ieh will be discussed in the niext lecture.I shall then endeavour to establish the proof of tlhe followinog claims.The fibres receiving somatic nlerve endings are concerned in shorteninig as the result of volunitary and of reflex activ-ity, anild in isometric ponitraction dur'inog the conitinullation of the stimlulationi.These fibres are responsible, therefore, for voluntaryimovemenit and for -what Langelaant°calls " con- tractile tonie."They are comparable to wi-hat Shlierrinigton calls tlie " movement muscles " of invertebrates.Otlher fibres, ininelrvated by the synmpathetic systemii.are first ilnhibited anid then lengthenied anid slhortenied doirinog these processes, and remain at tlle newi-l1ength lassiv-elv iuposed upoi themi-l.In othler words, these fil)bres exhlibit what Shi1erringtoni has called " plastic tone.'They are com-
Systematic Review: An Evaluation of Major Commercial Weight Loss Programs in the United States
Authors: Adam Gilden Tsai, Thomas A. Wadden
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Each year millions of Americans enroll in commercial and self-help weight loss programs. Health care providers and their obese patients know little about these programs because of the absence of systematic reviews. Purpose: To describe the components, costs, and efficacy of the major commercial and organized self-help weight loss programs in the United States that provide structured in-person or online counseling. Data Sources: Review of company Web sites, telephone discussion with company representatives, and search of the MEDLINE database. Study Selection: Randomized trials at least 12 weeks in duration that enrolled only adults and assessed interventions as they are usually provided to the public, or case series that met these criteria, stated the number of enrollees, and included a follow-up evaluation that lasted 1 year or longer. Data Extraction: Data were extracted on study design, attrition, weight loss, duration of follow-up, and maintenance of weight loss. Data Synthesis: We found studies of eDiets.com, Health Management Resources, Take Off Pounds Sensibly, OPTIFAST, and Weight Watchers. Of 3 randomized, controlled trials of Weight Watchers, the largest reported a loss of 3.2% of initial weight at 2 years. One randomized trial and several case series of medically supervised very-low-calorie diet programs found that patients who completed treatment lost approximately 15% to 25% of initial weight. These programs were associated with high costs, high attrition rates, and a high probability of regaining 50% or more of lost weight in 1 to 2 years. Commercial interventions available over the Internet and organized self-help programs produced minimal weight loss. Limitations: Because many studies did not control for high attrition rates, the reported results are probably a best-case scenario. Conclusions: With the exception of 1 trial of Weight Watchers, the evidence to support the use of the major commercial and self-help weight loss programs is suboptimal. Controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of these interventions.
Endothelin-1 as a protective factor against beta-adrenergic agonist-induced apoptosis in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Makoto Araki, Koji Hasegawa, Eri Iwai-Kanai, Masatoshi Fujita, Tatsuya Sawamura, Tsuyoshi Kakita, Hiromichi Wada, Tatsuya Morimoto, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Loss of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Expression Contributes to Sp1 Overexpression and Human Gastric Cancer Development and Progression
Authors: Masashi Kanai, Daoyan Wei, Qiang Li, Zhiliang Jia, Jaffer Ajani, Xiangdong Le, James Yao, Keping Xie
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Increasing evidence indicates that the transcription factor, Sp1, regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in tumor development and progression. We have recently reported that Sp1 overexpression is directly correlated with the angiogenic potential of and poor prognosis for human gastric cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms that result in Sp1 overexpression remain unclear. Experimental Design: The expression of Sp1 and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a potential tumor suppressor gene, in gastric cancer tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Alterations of Sp1 and KLF4 expression were achieved by gene transfer and verified by Northern and Western blot analyses. Furthermore, Sp1 promoter activity assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were done to identify the KLF4 binding sites on the Sp1 promoter. Results: Mutually exclusive expression of Sp1 and KLF4 was evident in gastric cancer and noncancerous tissue. Specifically, strong Sp1 expression but loss of KLF4 expression was found in cancer tissue, whereas the adjacent noncancerous tissue showed negative Sp1 expression but strong KLF4 expression. Enforced KLF4 expression repressed Sp1 expression at the promoter activity, mRNA, and protein levels. Moreover, a region within the proximal Sp1 promoter was identified to have overlapping KLF4- and Sp1-binding sites, to which KLF4 and Sp1 compete for binding. Sp1 positively regulated its own promoter, whereas KLF4 did the opposite. Conclusions: Our data suggests that disruption of KLF4-mediated negative regulation contributes to the molecular events of Sp1 overexpression and to the development and progression of human gastric cancer.
Epidemiology and the Delivery of Health Care Services: Methods and Applications
Authors: Karunesh Tuli
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Contagium of Scarlet Fever: A Critical Review
Authors: G. Thin
Journal: BMJ (1887)

each method requ.res to bring it to perfection; and, in comparing the two methods, those of us who advocate the examination on the back have, at all events, this advantage over those who examine on the side, that we have tried both methods, while all our opponents can claim is that they find no occasion to make any change.It would, indeed, I think, be evident, from an unprejudiced survey of the mere mechanic3 of the question, that that position should be chosen which enables you to ex2amine both halves of the pelvis equally ; and this it can never be claimed that the examination on the left side does.That the adoption of this method of examination on the back has led to enormously increased accuracy and minuteness of diagnosis must be.apparent to anyone who has followed the course of modem gynwco- logy both at home and abroad.Thus the determination of the normal position of the uterus, the palpation of the ovaries and their ligaments, as also of the posterior uterine ligaments and the normal Fallopian tubes, have, in my opinion, by this method been rendered possible.That such accuracy of diagnosis is, however, still very rare in this country, may be gathered from a perusal of the ordinary periodical gynaecological literature, in which such a diagnosis as the exact size, shape, consistence, tenderness, position, and mobility of the normal ovaries is rarelv ventured on, though such expressions as " ovaries normal," or " ovaries tender," are not uncommon.Indeed, except in such an assemblage of specialists as the present, the statement that one was able to palpate the normal posterior ligaments of the uterus, and trace the normal Fallopian tubes and round ligaments outwards for a considerable distance from each cornu of the uterus, and in cases of pregnancy trace the course of the ureters passing along the side of the crevix, to be lost above in the broad ligament, would be received with a smile of complacent incredulity.There is one point that I would like to emphasise, and that is that it is the position on the back that renders some of the most improved modern treatments, such as the washing out the uterus in cases of endometritis, and the use of constanut antiseptic irrigation in all operations on the cervix, vagina, and perineum possible.Here let me express my conviction, founded now on a considerable experience, that the enormous difficulties inseparable Ooth to the teacher of imparting, and to the student of acquiring, an accurate knowledge of the diseases peculiar to women are materially le3sened by the bimanual examination being made while the patient is lying on the back and the practitioner standing in front of her.In conclusion, allow me again to invite any member of the As8ociation who may desire it to visit the Rotunda Hospital during his stay in Dublin, and to assure him of a hearty welcome from myself and my assistants.
Appropriateness and Diagnostic Yield of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in an Open-Access Endoscopy Unit
Authors: J.-J. Gonvers, B. Burnand, F. Froehlich, I. Pache, J. Thorens, M. Fried, J. Kosecoff, J.-P. Vader, R.H. Brook
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

See also: Response to Comments by Minoli and PradaEndoscopy 1997; 29(05): 431-432DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004233 See also: Comment on Gonvers, “Appropriateness and Diagnostic Yield of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy”Endoscopy 1997; 29(05): 430-431DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004232
Accounting for Bias from Sequencing Error in Population Genetic Estimates
Authors: P. L. F. Johnson, M. Slatkin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Sequencing error presents a significant challenge to population genetic analyses using low-coverage sequence in general and single-pass reads in particular. Bias in parameter estimates becomes severe when the level of polymorphism (signal) is low relative to the amount of error (noise). Choosing an arbitrary quality score cutoff yields biased estimates, particularly with newer, non-Sanger sequencing technologies that have different quality score distributions. We propose a rule of thumb to judge when a given threshold will lead to significant bias and suggest alternative approaches that reduce bias.
Virus-associated activation of innate immunity induces rapid disruption of Peyer’s patches in mice
Authors: Simon Heidegger, David Anz, Nicolas Stephan, Bernadette Bohn, Tina Herbst, Wolfgang Peter Fendler, Nina Suhartha, Nadja Sandholzer, Sebastian Kobold, Christian Hotz, Katharina Eisenächer, Susanne Radtke-Schuller, Stefan Endres, Carole Bourquin
Journal: Blood (2013)
MIP-1α and MCP-1 contribute to crescents and interstitial lesions in human crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Takashi Wada, Kengo Furuichi, Chikako Segawa-Takaeda, Miho Shimizu, Norihiko Sakai, Shin-Ichi Takeda, Kazuya Takasawa, Hiroshi Kida, Ken-Ichi Kobayashi, Naofumi Mukaida, Yasukazu Ohmoto, Kouji Matsushima, Hitoshi Yokoyama
Journal: Kidney International (1999)