tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung Ultrasonography Score to Evaluate Oxygenation and Surfactant Need in Neonates Treated With Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Authors: Roselyne Brat, Nadya Yousef, Roman Klifa, Stephanie Reynaud, Shivani Shankar Aguilera, Daniele De Luca
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is a bedside technique useful to diagnose neonatal respiratory problems, but, to our knowledge, no data are available about its use for monitoring lung function or eventually guiding surfactant therapy. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a neonatal-adapted LUS score to evaluate oxygenation and predict need for surfactant administration. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Prospective diagnostic accuracy study following STARD (Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) guidelines at a tertiary level academic neonatal intensive care unit in 2014. All neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with signs of respiratory distress were eligible, and 130 neonates were enrolled. The LUS score was calculated in the first hours of life under continuous positive airway pressure. The transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (Ptco<sub>2</sub>) to fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio<sub>2</sub>) ratio, alveolar-arterial gradient, oxygenation index, and arterial to alveolar ratio were calculated within 30 minutes from LUS, using transcutaneous blood gas monitoring. Surfactant was administered according to 2013 European guidelines. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Correlation between LUS score and indices of oxygenation and prediction of surfactant administration. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 130 neonates in this study, the LUS score was significantly correlated with all indices of oxygenation, independent from gestational age (GA) (Ptco<sub>2</sub>to Fio<sub>2</sub>ratio: GA ≥34 weeks: ρ = −0.57; GA &lt;34 weeks: ρ = −0.62;<i>P</i> &lt; .001; alveolar-arterial gradient: GA ≥34 weeks: ρ = 0.62; GA &lt;34 weeks: ρ = 0.59;<i>P</i> &lt; .001; oxygenation index: GA ≥34 weeks: ρ = 0.63; GA &lt;34 weeks: ρ = 0.69;<i>P</i> &lt; .001; and arterial to alveolar ratio: GA ≥34 weeks: ρ = −0.60; GA &lt;34 weeks: ρ = −0.56;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). The LUS score predicted the need for surfactant better in preterm babies with a GA less than 34 weeks (area under the curve = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.86-0.99;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) than in term and late-preterm neonates with a GA of 34 weeks or greater (area under the curve = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.90;<i>P</i> = .02); the areas under the curve for these 2 GA subgroups are significantly different (<i>P</i> = .02). In babies with a GA less than 34 weeks, a LUS score cutoff of 4 predicted surfactant administration with 100% sensitivity and 61% specificity, yielding a posttest probability of 72%. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The LUS score is well correlated with oxygenation status in both term and preterm neonates, and it shows good reliability to predict surfactant administration in preterm babies with a GA less than 34 weeks under continuous positive airway pressure.
NHS consultants launch proposals for new contract
Authors: Linda Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The BMA has proposed that new contracts for the 26 000 consultants in the United Kingdom should spell out more clearly what the NHS can expect from them, including when they are free to work privately.

Consultants currently work an average of more than 50 hours a week for the NHS, with one in three routinely working more than 60 hours. The proposed new contract will be more time limited, with the NHS paying for additional sessions from consultants until they can substantially increase the number of consultants.

The contract envisages that …
Acquired bilateral melanosis of the neck in perimenopausal women
Authors: J.-Y. Park, Y.C. Kim, E.-S. Lee, K.-C. Park, H.Y. Kang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Acquired bilateral patchy or mottled pigmentation of the neck has occasionally been observed.To investigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of this pigmentation.Fourteen patients were included in the study. Patch and photopatch tests, and laboratory tests including serum hormonal evaluation were performed. Skin biopsies were performed on lesional skin and perilesional normal skin.All the patients were women and all were perimenopausal. The lesions were characterized by bilateral, symmetrical, brown-to-grey patchy or mottled pigmentation on the lateral neck. There were positive photopatch results in some cases, but their relevance was doubtful. All laboratory findings were within the normal ranges. The histological findings showed marked accumulation of pigment in the dermis with perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. A significantly higher expression of melanogenesis-associated proteins and an increased number of melanocytes were observed in the epidermis of the lesional skin. The melanin-bearing cells in the dermis were stained with factor XIIIa or CD68, but the majority of these cells were identified as factor XIIIa+ dermal dendrocytes. Some brown pigments were mixed with light brown or golden brown pigment that was positive in iron staining.These cases seem to represent a continuum of Riehl melanosis. However, the principal distribution of the pigmentation is a distinguishing feature. Any consistent predisposing factors were not established, but there may be a role for subclinical injury or inflammation as possible causative factors for development of the pigmentation.
Abstract P071: Association Between Polyunsaturated Fat Consumption and Hypertension among Statin Users and Non-users
Authors: James N Kiage, Uchechukwu K Sampson, Loren Lipworth, Sergio Fazio, Qilu Yu, Heather Munro, Elvis A Akwo, William J Blot, Edmond K Kabagambe
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Numerous prospective studies suggest inverse associations between intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and cardiovascular outcomes. However, recent randomized studies have failed to demonstrate these benefits. One of the prevailing hypotheses is that the beneficial effects of PUFA may now be masked by the widespread use of statins, which lower lipids and blood pressure and are potent modulators of cardiovascular risk. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that the association between PUFA and hypertension varies by statin use. Methods and Results: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis based on 74,658 black and white men and women in the Southern Community Cohort Study. Intake of PUFA was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire, while history of diagnosed hypertension and statin use were self-reported. The mean±SD age was 52±9 years, body mass index was 30±8 kg/m 2 , and energy intake from PUFA was 8.0±1.8%. Sixty percent of the participants were women and 68% were African Americans. Hypertension (55%), statin use (16%), smoking (40%) and alcohol use (55%) were common in this cohort. In an adjusted logistic model with hypertension as the dependent variable, there was no interaction between PUFA intake and statin therapy ( P =0.13), whereas a significant inverse association was evident between PUFA intake and hypertension among non-statin users ( P for trend = 0.03) but not among statin users ( P for trend = 0.36) ( Table ). Conclusion: In conclusion, these results support a beneficial effect of PUFA consumption on hypertension, which is only apparent in the absence of statin therapy. These findings underscore the need to stratify by statin therapy when randomizing participants to cardiovascular interventions and support the notion that PUFA may be important in cardiovascular risk reduction in patients where statin therapy is not an option.
Race Mixture: Studies in Intermarriage and Miscegenation.
Authors: Edward Byron Reuter
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cytotoxic anthraquinone compounds revisited II: further pre-clinical testing effect on RIF-1 tumor growth in C3H mice.
Authors: Don R. Ishmael, Shawnya Michaels, Dennis Brown
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5539 

Background: The anticancer anthraquinone mitoxantrone (5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-bis{[2-[(2- hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]amino}-9,10-anthracenedione hydrochloride) has been on the market for the treatment of various types of cancer for a number of years. However it never achieved the utility of adriamycin although it has less cardiotoxicity. A variety of analogs were synthesized with two goals one to improve the efficacy profile and two to further reduce the cardiotoxicity. Three of the compounds synthesized and tested were more active than mitoxantrone on a molar concentration basis in the BOT human breast cancer cytotoxicity assay. These were 1,4-bis-{[2-[(2-aminoethylamino-5,8dihydroxyanthraquinone (M-4),1,4-bis-{[2-[(2-hydroxyethylaminoethylamino-6,7-dichloroanthraquinone (M-18), and 1,4-bis-{[2-[(2-aminoethylamino-6,7-dichloroanthraquinone (M-32). (AACR Abstract #3948, 2005) Methods: a variety of anthraquinone derivatives were synthesized and tested. The RIF-1 murine fibrosarcoma tumor model was used to evaluate the antitumor activity of mitoxantrone and mitoxantrone analogs (M-4, M-18 & M-32). Mitoxantrone was tested at 2/3 the published LD50: 4.73 mg/Kg and at 2 subsequently halved doses: 2.37mg/Kg, 1.18mg/Kg. The same doses were used for each analog. Test preparations were administered intraperitoneally (IP) as a single dose in 100 μL, to female C3H mice bearing RIF-1 tumors grown dermally in the flank. Four animals were assigned to each of the treatment groups. Four animals were maintained as untreated controls. Tumors were measured three times weekly for up to 14 days with Vernier calipers. Tumor volume quadrupling time (TVQT), defined as the time required for a tumor to grow to four times (4X) its initial volume (at the time of treatment), was used as a study endpoint. Results: Tumors in untreated control animals quadrupled in size in an average of 6.4 days. Intraperitoneal administration of mitoxantrone extended the mean TVQT to 7.3 days and 7.7 days for doses of 4.73 mg/Kg and 1.18 mg/Kg, respectively. Mitoxantrone analog, M-4 gave a TVQT of 8.6 days at a dose of 1.18 mg/Kg. M-18 and M-32 gave TVQT’s of 8.4 and 7.8 days for respective doses of 4.73 and 2.37 mg/Kg. Summary: mitoxantrone and the mitoxantrone analogs had similar efficacies. At the doses used, M-4 had the best tumor growth delay at the lowest dose (1.18 mg/Kg), M-32 had the best tumor growth delay at the middle dose used (2.37 mg/Kg) and M-18 had the best tumor growth delay at the highest dose used (4.73 mg/Kg). M-32 and mitoxantrone had similar toxicities, as 2 mice with each of these treatments were FDIC (found dead in cage) by day 14.
Abstract 20600: Visualization of Flow and Movement of Lymphatic Valves in Biological Pumps Made From Engineered Heart Tissue
Authors: Hayk Simonyan, Neerav Patel, Narine Muselimyan, Luther Swift, Narine Sarvazyan
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  At present, the arsenal of approaches to treat lymphedema is very limited and new therapies to improve lymph drainage are critically needed. We aim to address this need using newly available tools of tissue engineering. Specifically, we propose to create a regularly contracting layer of cardiomyocytes around thoracic duct and other major lymphatic vessels creating tissue engineered lymph heart.   Methods:  Tissue engineered cardiac fibers were made of rat neonatal cardiac myocytes mixed with fibrin hydrogel and seeded in rectangular agarose molds. The fibers ranged from 100 to 200 micron diameter and 1-2 cm in length and were amendable to surgical manipulation. Lymphatic system was visualized using tissue injection of indocyanine green dye and infrared sensitive CCD-camera. Movement of lymphatic valves was observed using Zeiss LSM 510 confocal imaging system using fluorescent membrane dyes.   Results:  Excised segments of rat and rabbit thoracic duct with and without valves were wrapped with engineered cardiac fibers creating coil-like structures. The latter exhibited spontaneous contractions and were paceable using external electrodes. Contractions caused recordable movements of lymphatic valve leaflets and associated changes in flow.   Conclusions:  Our data show the feasibility of surrounding segments of major lymphatic conduits, including thoracic duct, with rhythmically beating sheaths of cardiac muscle. Clinically, such biological pumps can be made from cardiomyocytes derived from patient’s own stem cells.
Human Nutrition and Dietetics.
Authors: J. S. Garrow, W. P. T. James
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

SECTION 1 Historical Perspective. Composition of the Body. Energy. Carbohydrates. Proteins. Fats. Alcohol: Its Metabolism and Effects. Fuels of Tissues. Energy Balance and Weight Regulation. Water and Monovalent Electrolytes. Bone Mineral. Iron, Zinc and Other Trace Elements. Fat-Soluble Vitamins. Water -Soluble Vitamins SECTION 2 Food Composition Tables. Cereals and Cereal Products. Vegetables, Fruits, Fungi and Their Products. Meat, Fish, Eggs and Novel Proteins. Milk and Milk Products, Fats and Oils. Beverages, Herbs and Spices. Food Processing. Pathogenic Agents in Food. Food Toxicity. Consumer Protection SECTION 3 Pregnancy and Lactation. Infant Nutrition. Childhood, Youth and Old Age. Exercise, Sport and Athletics SECTION 4 Nutritional Management of Clinical Undernutrition. Primary Protein-Energy Malnutrition. Sepsis and Trauma. Obesity. Nutritional Management of Diseases of the Stomach and Bowel. Nutrition and the Liver. Diabetes. Iodine Deficiency Disorders. Clinical Nutrition and Bone Disease. Dietary Factors in Dental Diseases. Nutritional Management of Diseases of the Blood. Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. Diseases of the Heart and Circulation: The Role of Dietary Factors in Aetiology and Management. Diet in Relation to the Nervous System. Skin and Hair. Nutrition and the Immune System. Nutritional Factors and Cancer. The Low-Birthweight Infant. Dietetic Treatment of Inherited Metabolic Disease. Nutritional Management of Alcohol-Related Disease. Eating Disorders. Drug-Nutrient Interactions. Policy and a Prudent Diet. Appendix 1: Methods for Dietary Assessment. Appendix 2: Dietary Reference Values. Index
Portrait of a Lady With Black Fichu
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LIM kinases are attractive targets with many macromolecular partners and only a few small molecule regulators
Authors: Fabrizio Manetti
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2011)

Abstract The LIM kinases 1 and 2 (LIMK1 and LIMK2) are dual specificity (serine/threonine and tyrosine) kinases. Although they show significant structural similarity, LIMK1 and LIMK2 show different expression, subcellular localization, and functions. They are involved in many cellular functions, such as migration, cycle, and neuronal differentiation and also have a role in pathological processes, such as cancer cell invasion and metastatis, as well as in neurodevelopmental disorders (namely, the William's syndrome). LIM kinases have a relevant number of known partners that are able to induce or limit the ability of LIMK1 and LIMK2 to phosphorylate and inactivate their major substrate, cofilin. On the contrary, only a limited number of small molecules that interact with the two proteins to modulate their kinase activity have been identified. In this review, the most important partners of LIM kinases and their modulating activity toward LIMKs are described. The small compounds identified as LIMK1 and LIMK2 modulators are also reported, as well as their role as possible therapeutic agents for LIMK‐induced diseases.
Pulmonary embolism possibly associated with olanzapine treatment
Authors: I. M. Waage
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Antipsychotic drugs have been associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism.1 We report for the first time the case of a patient who developed a pulmonary embolism after starting treatment with olanzapine.

A 28 year old man was admitted to hospital due to a psychotic disorder. Treatment with olanzapine (10 mg/day) was started, and the dose was gradually increased to 30 mg/day. He also received levomepromazine (50 mg/day), oxazepam (10 mg/day), …
Abstract 13354: Event-Free Survival in African American Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Kelly L Adams, Rebecca L Dekker, Terry A Lennie, Misook L Chung, Kathleen Dracup, Debra K Moser
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Health outcomes such as event-free survival (cumulative end-point in time to first health event) in heart failure (HF) patients is worse in African American than Caucasians. While the direct impact of traditional risk factors on outcomes are recognized, it is unknown how sociodemographic and psychosocial variables, disease, and treatment factors may alter the relationship between race and event-free survival. Hypothesis: Sociodemographics (age, gender, economic status), psychosocial factors (anxiety, depression), disease factors (smoking, functional status, diabetes) and treatments (beta blockers, ACE inhibitors) moderate the relationship between race and shorter event-free survival among patients with HF. Methods: Data were analyzed from 993 outpatients in a multicenter HF registry who were followed for a median of 1.9 years (37% female, 11.3% African American, 64±13 years, 44% NYHA Class III/IV). Data were collected via chart review and interview. Potential proposed moderators were analyzed with race as the predictor and the outcome event-free survival. Regressions were conducted on event-free survival using race and each proposed moderator, and the product of race and each moderator. Results: A primary analysis showed that African American patients are 1.54 times more likely to experience a cardiac event within this data set (p=.003). Further regression analyses indicate event-free survival in African American patients with HF is not moderated by the proposed moderators (all p&gt;.05). Although an incomplete moderation, interactions with medication and race demonstrated better outcomes in African Americans than Caucasians not on ACE inhibitors, but Caucasians on prescribed ACE inhibitors have better comparative outcomes. Conclusions: Although many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors may be associated with event free survival in African American HF patients, sociodemographic, psychosocial, disease, and treatment factors do not moderate the relationship between race and event-free survival. Future research is needed to better understand what factors contribute to and moderate evident disparities in the event-free survival of African American patients with HF.
Treatment outcome in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Alina Ferster, Yves Benoit, Nadine Francotte, Marie-Françoise Dresse, Anne Uyttebroeck, Emmanuel Plouvier, Antoine Thyss, Patrick Lutz, Geneviève Marguerite, Catherine Behar, Françoise Mazingue, Patrick Boutard, Frederic Millot, Xavier Rialland, Françoise Mechinaud, Lucilia Norton, Alain Robert, Jacques Otten, Etienne Vilmer, Noel Philippe, Christine Waterkeyn, Stefan Suciu
Journal: Blood (2000)
THE MECHANISM OF THE PSYCHONEUROSES
Authors: Theophil Klingmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1939)

Article1 October 1939THE MECHANISM OF THE PSYCHONEUROSESTHEOPHIL KLINGMANN, M.D., F.A.C.P.THEOPHIL KLINGMANN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-13-4-677 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the more recent classifications of the psychoneuroses there is a marked trend towards simplification. An attempt is made to class the psychoneuroses as prepsychotic anxiety states. While we are frequently forced to recognize this in our statistical records, there are many cases in which the clinical syndrome does not justify such a classification. The classification which is considered in this discussion is that adopted by the Committee on Statistics of the American Psychiatric Association, and the National Committee for Mental Hygiene in 1934. Accordingly, under this heading are placed disorders of psychogenic origin, or without clearly defined tangible cause...References1. ELLER JJ: Neurogenic and psychogenic disorders, Med. Jr. and Rec., 1929, cxxix, 554. Google Scholar2. MYERSON A: Human autonomic pharmacology. XII. Theories and results of autonomic drug administration, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1938, cx, 101. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. SCHMIDT CF: Unpublished data. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan*Received for publication February 25, 1938. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1939Volume 13, Issue 4Page: 677-684KeywordsAnxietyPsychiatry and mental health ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1939 PDF downloadLoading ...