tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nephrotoxicity and Diagnostic Agents
Authors: George E. Schreiner
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Toxic nephropathy is the term officially adopted by the Nephrology Panel of the Committee on Adverse Reactions to describe any adverse functional or structural change in the kidney due to the effect of a chemical or biological product that is inhaled, injected, or absorbed, or that yields toxic metabolites with an identifiable effect on the kidneys. By extension, and by common usage, the term often is extended to include the adverse renal effects that occur when physiological substances are circulated in concentrations markedly greater or less than normal. Such entities would be hypercalcemic, hypokalemic, and hyperuricemic nephropathy. Nephrotoxic nephritis is the other term used most widely in the medical literature to describe this process. <h3>Reactions to Contrast Media</h3> Injectable or absorbable contrast media for use in roentgenography, all of which contain iodine as an essential component, represent the single largest group of agents that are involved in the production of
Costimulation by purified intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 induces distinct proliferation, cytokine and cell surface antigen profiles in human "naive" and "memory" CD4+ T cells.
Authors: R T Semnani, T B Nutman, P Hochman, S Shaw, G A van Seventer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Activation of resting human CD4+ "naive" (CD45RA+CD45RO-) and "memory" (CD45RA-CD45RO+) T cells requires costimulatory signals in addition to engagement of the T cell receptor/CD3 complex (TCR/CD3). The adhesion pathways mediated by lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1/intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (LFA-1/ICAM-1) and CD2/LFA-3 are capable of providing such costimulatory signals. Our work shows that these costimulatory adhesion pathways are critically involved in regulation of T cell differentiation/maturation. Evidence for subset-specific costimulatory requirements is demonstrated by the finding that only memory CD4+ T cells were costimulated by LFA-3, whereas both naive and memory CD4+ T cells were costimulated by ICAM-1. In addition, these costimulatory adhesion pathways regulated reciprocal cytokine secretion patterns for interleukin 5 (IL-5) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Repeated costimulation of CD4+ memory T cells with LFA-3 led to secretion of high levels of IL-5, while repeated costimulation with ICAM-1 induced high levels of secreted GM-CSF. Significant interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production was observed with either of the costimulatory ligands. Extensive cell surface analysis of these in vitro cultures of peripheral blood derived memory CD4+ T cells, with monoclonal antibodies obtained from the 5th Leucocyte Typing Workshop, revealed differential expression of a singular antigen, CD60. This antigen was preferentially expressed on LFA-3-costimulated cells suggesting a positive correlation between CD60 expression and a T helper type 2-like cytokine profile. In conclusion, this report demonstrates a new functional role for costimulatory adhesion molecules in regulating differential cytokine secretion in human memory CD4+ T cells.
Radical Irradiation of Extracranial Oligometastases
Authors: Joseph K. Salama, Michael T. Milano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Advances in radiotherapy planning and delivery have been used to treat patients with limited metastatic disease. With these techniques, high rates of treated metastasis control and low toxicity have been reported. Some patients have long disease-free intervals after radiotherapy similar to those seen after surgical resection. Ongoing studies will determine the benefit of these irradiation techniques to treat limited metastases, identify appropriate candidates, and assist in integrating these treatments into management strategies for specific diseases.
Cloning and sequencing of human liver cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase cDNAs
Authors: S. Pol, B. Bousquet-Lemercier, M.G. Mattei, M. Pavé-Preux, B. Nalpas, P. Berthelot, J. Hanoune, R. Barouki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Reversible Delayed Cutaneous Anergy in Patients with Primary Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes.
Authors: C. E. Buckley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Reversible Delayed Cutaneous Anergy in Patients with Primary Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes.C. E. Buckley III, M.D., P. Imperato, M.D., J. L. Callaway, M.D., F.A.C.P.C. E. Buckley III, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, P. Imperato, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. L. Callaway, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1140_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptStudies in two patients with "thymic" type immunologic deficiency states indicate that delayed cutaneous anergy associated with lymphopenia may be reversible. One patient with life-long candida granulomas, normal endocrine function, delayed cutaneous anergy to multiple antigens, impaired homograft rejection, and lymphopenia was treated with parenteral amphotericin B. Improvement of the candidiasis was associated with remission of the delayed cutaneous anergy and lymphopenia. A second patient had unexplained chronic autoaggressive dermatitis, immunoglobulin M (IgM) antinuclear antibody, severely reduced creatinine clearance, and familial dysimmunoglobulinemia associated with a history of allergic diathesis. Lymphopenia and delayed cutaneous anergy remitted during treatment with a completely... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Durham, North Carolina PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1140-1141KeywordsAmphotericinAnergyAntigensAntinuclear antibodiesCandidaCandidiasisCreatinineGranulomasHomograftsLymphopenia Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Electrode system influence on biphasic waveform defibrillation efficacy in humans.
Authors: G H Bardy, C Troutman, G Johnson, R Mehra, J E Poole, G L Dolack, P J Kudenchuk, D M Gartman
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Several clinical studies have demonstrated a general superiority of biphasic waveform defibrillation compared with monophasic waveform defibrillation using epicardial lead systems. To test the breadth of utility of biphasic waveforms in humans, a prospective, randomized evaluation of defibrillation efficacy of monophasic and single capacitor biphasic waveform pulses was performed for two distinct nonthoracotomy lead systems as well as for an epicardial electrode system in 51 cardiac arrest survivors undergoing automatic defibrillator implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS The configurations tested consisted of a right ventricular-left ventricular (RV-LV) epicardial patch-patch system, an RV catheter-chest patch (CP) nonthoracotomy system, and a coronary sinus (CS) catheter-RV catheter nonthoracotomy system. For each configuration, the defibrillation current and voltage waveforms were recorded via a digital oscilloscope to measure defibrillation threshold voltage, current, resistance, and stored energy. Biphasic waveform defibrillation proved more efficient than monophasic waveform defibrillation for the epicardial RV-LV system (4.8 +/- 4.1 versus 6.7 +/- 4.9 J, p = 0.047) and the nonthoracotomy RV-CP system (23.4 +/- 11.1 versus 34.3 +/- 10.4 J, p = 0.0042). Biphasic waveform defibrillation thresholds were not significantly lower than monophasic waveform defibrillation thresholds for the CS-RV nonthoracotomy system (15.6 +/- 7.2 versus 20.0 +/- 11.5 J, p = 0.11). Biphasic waveform defibrillation proved more efficacious than monophasic waveform defibrillation in 13 of 20 patients (65%) with RV-LV epicardial patches, 10 of 15 patients (67%) with an RV-CP nonthoracotomy system, and nine of 16 patients (56%) with an RV-CS nonthoracotomy system. CONCLUSIONS Biphasic pulsing was useful with nonthoracotomy lead systems as well as with epicardial lead systems. However, the degree of biphasic waveform defibrillation superiority appeared to be electrode system dependent. Furthermore, for a few individuals, biphasic waveform defibrillation proved less efficient than monophasic waveform defibrillation, regardless of the lead system used.
Textbook of Human Genetics
Authors: Philip L. Townes
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Until recently, there have been but a few textbooks on human or medical genetics. Of the relative plethora of texts that have appeared during the past several years, few can claim to be even modestly comprehensive. This truly comprehensive text will be welcomed by those whose needs have not been met by the primers previously available. Although of dual authorship, the style of writing is uniformly good and clearly reflects experience in teaching human genetics. The text is abundantly illustrated, well referenced, and contains many tables and figures reproduced from relevant original publications. Quite unique and of considerable value to students is the extensive collection of photographs of leading geneticists, both past and contemporary. The first three chapters are generally devoted to basic cytology, gametogenesis, and cytogenetics, a subject area too vast to be adequately presented in the first 139 pages. In Chapters 4 through 7, the main topics are
Bone Scintigraphy in Acetabular Labral Tears
Authors: Warwick Bruce, Hans Van Der Wall, Geoffrey Storey, Robert Loneragan, George Pitsis, Siri Kannangara
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Background: Acetabular labral tears are an increasingly recognized cause of hip pain in young adults with hip dysplasia and older patients with degenerative disease of the hips. Methods: The authors analyzed retrospectively bone scintigraphy in 27 patients with acetabular labral tears diagnosed by MRI/arthroscopy. Analysis was also made of scintigraphy in 30 patients without labral tears being investigated for other causes of hip pain for comparison. Results: Patients with labral tears had hyperemia of the superior or superomedial aspect of the acetabulum and increased delayed uptake in either a focal superior pattern or in an "eyebrow" pattern of a superomedial tear. This pattern was not seen in any other sources of hip pathology. Conclusion: Uptake in the superior or superomedial aspect of the acetabular rim is characteristic of a labral tear. Absence of this pattern carries a high negative predictive value for the diagnosis.
Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 [7-36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Authors: M A Nauck, M M Heimesaat, C Orskov, J J Holst, R Ebert, W Creutzfeldt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

In type-2 diabetes, the overall incretin effect is reduced. The present investigation was designed to compare insulinotropic actions of exogenous incretin hormones (gastric inhibitory peptide [GIP] and glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] [7-36 amide]) in nine type-2 diabetic patients (fasting plasma glucose 7.8 mmol/liter; hemoglobin A1c 6.3 +/- 0.6%) and in nine age- and weight-matched normal subjects. Synthetic human GIP (0.8 and 2.4 pmol/kg.min over 1 h each), GLP-1 [7-36 amide] (0.4 and 1.2 pmol/kg.min over 1 h each), and placebo were administered under hyperglycemic clamp conditions (8.75 mmol/liter) in separate experiments. Plasma GIP and GLP-1 [7-36 amide] concentrations (radioimmunoassay) were comparable to those after oral glucose with the low, and clearly supraphysiological with the high infusion rates. Both GIP and GLP-1 [7-36 amide] dose-dependently augmented insulin secretion (insulin, C-peptide) in both groups (P < 0.05). With GIP, the maximum effect in type-2 diabetic patients was significantly lower (by 54%; P < 0.05) than in normal subjects. With GLP-1 [7-36 amide] type-2 diabetic patients reached 71% of the increments in C-peptide of normal subjects (difference not significant). Glucagon was lowered during hyperglycemic clamps in normal subjects, but not in type-2 diabetic patients, and further by GLP-1 [7-36 amide] in both groups (P < 0.05), but not by GIP. In conclusion, in mild type-2 diabetes, GLP-1 [7-36 amide], in contrast to GIP, retains much of its insulinotropic activity. It also lowers glucagon concentrations.
TREATMENT OF CONTACT SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS AND RELATED SUBSTANCES IN NURSES.
Authors: STANLEY R. WOOD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1956)

Journal Article TREATMENT OF CONTACT SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS AND RELATED SUBSTANCES IN NURSES. Get access STANLEY R. WOOD, M.B., M.R.C.P. STANLEY R. WOOD, M.B., M.R.C.P. The United Birmingham Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 68, Issue 10, 1 October 1956, Pages 327–331, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1956.tb12757.x Published: 01 October 1956
A piece of my mind. The duck lady
Authors: A. Burrows
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We used to call her "the Duck Lady." The Duck Lady always sat on a stone ledge in front of our inner-city hospital with a shopping bag nearby, quacking like a duck. She was a short woman with no teeth and a dirty scarf wrapped around her head. She always wore a tattered raincoat and her feet were bare, although they were so filthy it looked almost as if she had shoes on. I wondered how she ate and if she lived anywhere. Once I saw the corner hot-dog man give her a hot dog. On rainy days she was nowhere to be seen. My classmates made fun of her at some of our teaching sessions, imitating her choppy gait and making duck sounds. One even used a drawing of her in a slide presentation, as a joke. I wondered if she knew her name, or had any family. Once,
Fertility (male and female) and Menopause
Authors: Kathryn J. Ruddy, Ann H. Partridge
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

The impact of oncologic treatments on fertility and menopausal symptoms is often significant for patients with cancer. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy can all damage the reproductive organs or the hypothalamic pituitary axis that controls them, impairing fertility and causing hormonally mediated symptoms such as hot flashes. Understanding these risks and strategies to mitigate them may substantially improve cancer survivorship care. For both female and male patients who desire a future biologic child, there are a variety of fertility preservation techniques that should be considered. For cancer survivors who experience menopausal symptoms, lifestyle changes may be beneficial, and hormonal and nonhormonal pharmacologic agents are well proven to reduce symptom burden.
Tenolysis in juvenile diabetic cheiroarthropathy.
Authors: J R Robertson, P M Earnshaw, I W Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1979)

found at the pylorus but its distal end was in the ileum about 20 cn from the ileocaecal valve.The two portions were still attached by the nylon coil that reinforces the latex of the -Celestin tube (figure).The small bowel between the two portions of the tube was gathered and shortened over the nylon, and there were seven full-thickness ulcers on the mesenteric border of the 30 cm of ileum immediately proximal to the distal end of the tube.The ulcerated bowel was resected and an end-to-end anastamosis performed.At endoscopy and laparotomy there was no macroscopic evidence of residual tumour.The patient remained well for a further six -months but then rapidly developed severe dysphagia due to recurrent malignancy.He died 20 months after the onset of his initial symptoms... i ..
Resistance surveillance of HBEAG— chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated for two years with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)
Authors: S. Xiong, H. Yang, C.E. Westland, W.E. Delaney, D. Colledge, A. Bartholomeusz, V. Thibault, Y. Benhamou, P. Angus, M. Wulfsohn, C.S. Gibbs, J. Fry, C.L. Brosgart, S. Locarnini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Cardiac-Directed Expression of Adenylyl Cyclase VI Facilitates Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction
Authors: Ashwani Sastry, Elizabeth Arnold, Hunaid Gurji, Atsushi Iwasa, Hanh Bui, Alborz Hassankhani, Hemal H. Patel, James R. Feramisco, David M. Roth, N. Chin Lai, H. Kirk Hammond, Sanjiv M. Narayan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia
Authors: Walter T. Hughes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

BY the middle of the 20th century, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis had not been recognized in North America. Yet within the past two decades the prevalence has increased to the point that several hundred cases occur annually in the United States. The emergence of this infectious disease is probably related directly to the increased use of immunosuppressive therapy for diseases of somewhat unrelated causes. Organ-transplant recipients, patients with cancer and children with congenital immune deficiency disorders constitute the majority of patients at risk for the disease. In such cases, referred to here as the "child-adult type," the pneumonitis is an acute, . . .
Bedside Manners: A Patient's Guide to Doctors and Hospitals
Authors: Frederick Butzen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A physician, says the<i>Devil's Dictionary</i>, is one "upon whom we set our hopes when ill and our dogs when well." Another definition, which is more to the point, holds that a physician is "an ordinary, hardworking fellow who just happens to possess the power of life and death." Numerous "consumer advocates" and muckrakers have written books that tutor the public on how to deal with this strange creature, the physician; but none have done so with as much wit as has Richard Gordon in his latest collection of essays. Gordon is an anesthesiologist who took to writing somewhat by accident: "I started writing with a job on the<i>British Medical Journal</i>. I had the bright idea of running a doctors' comic column, but the editor had a sharper sense of humor and put me in charge of the obituaries. This was invaluable practice. It taught me how to write
Endothelin-1 Inhibits Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-1 Expression in Cultured Rat Pulmonary Endothelial Cells
Authors: Shojiro Naomi, Taisuke Iwaoka, Tumba Disashi, Junnosuke Inoue, Yoshie Kanesaka, Hiroshi Tokunaga, Kimio Tomita
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The lung expresses large amounts of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), which catalyzes a step in the biosynthesis of potent vasoactive endothelin-1 (ET-1) from the inactive intermediate big ET-1. Because there has been no report concerning a possible relationship between ET-1 and ECE-1, we investigated the effects of ET-1 on ECE-1 expression in cultured rat pulmonary endothelial cells. Methods and Results —ECE-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in cultured endothelial cells were assayed by Northern and Western blotting, respectively. Incubation with ET-1 for 6 hours caused a significant decrease in ECE-1 mRNA expression. The action of ET-1 on ECE-1 mRNA expression was antagonized by pretreatment with BQ788, a specific ETB receptor antagonist, but not by pretreatment with BQ123, a specific ETA receptor antagonist. The expression of ECE-1 protein was also inhibited at 6 hours after incubation with ET-1. The effects of ET-1 on ECE-1 mRNA and protein expression were shown to be mimicked by ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, but not by 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, a protein kinase C activator. Conclusions —The present results demonstrate that ET-1 suppressed ECE-1 protein levels by inhibiting ECE-1 mRNA expression through the ETB receptor, suggesting the existence of a feedback action of ET-1 on ECE-1 in pulmonary endothelial cells.
CXCR4 Activation Defines a New Subgroup of Sonic Hedgehog–Driven Medulloblastoma
Authors: Rajarshi Sengupta, Adrian Dubuc, Stacey Ward, Lihua Yang, Paul Northcott, B. Mark Woerner, Kirsten Kroll, Jingqin Luo, Michael D. Taylor, Robert J. Wechsler-Reya, Joshua B. Rubin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Medulloblastoma prognosis tends to be poor, despite aggressive therapy, but defining molecular subgroups may identify patients who could benefit from targeted therapies. This study used human gene array and associated clinical data to identify a new molecular subgroup of medulloblastoma characterized by coactivation of the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and CXCR4 pathways. SHH-CXCR4 tumors were more common in the youngest patients where they were associated with desmoplastic histology. In contrast to tumors activating SHH but not CXCR4, coactivated tumors exhibited greater expression of Math1 and cyclin D1. Treatment with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 inhibited cyclin D1 expression and maximal tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SHH activation stimulated CXCR4 cell surface localization and effector signaling activity, whereas SHH absence caused CXCR4 to assume an intracellular localization. Taken together, our findings define a new medulloblastoma subgroup characterized by a functional interaction between the SHH and CXCR4 pathways, and they provide a rationale to clinically evaluate combined inhibition of SHH and CXCR4 for medulloblastoma treatment.
The Health of 407 New Students
Authors: J. Pemberton
Journal: BMJ (1948)

The publication of three recent reports on the problems of student health indicates a growing interest in this subject. Investigations have been made by the British Medical Students Association and other student bodies (1944), the Social and Preventive Medicine Committee of the Royal College of Physicians (1946), and the Conference on Student Health organized by the Nuffield Foundation (1947). These reports call attention in general terms to the existence of a good deal of ill-health among the student population and point to the need for better facilities for dealing with it. So far, however, little detailed information has been pub lished on the nature and extent of this ill-health.
The community hospital: a three-year study.
Authors: D P Kernick, S E Davies
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In a three-year period a community hospital of 40 beds discharged 2086 patients, their mean length of stay being 14.8 days. Some 68% of the patients treated were over 65, and 8.9% died in hospital. While the most common diagnosis on admission was disease of the respiratory tract, this does not indicate the actual cause of admission. For 142 patients from one practice this was acute illness in 44% of the cases, assessment in 20%, and a need for nursing care in 36%. If the community hospital had not been available about half these patients would have been admitted to the general hospital.
Prolongation of inflammation in rats inoculated with adjuvant.
Authors: Y Mizushima, W Tsukada, T Akimoto
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

Swelling index=Vol. of swollen foot-Vol. of foot before injection x 00Volume of foot before injection Histological studies The inflamed tissues fixed with 10 per cent.formalin were decalcified with 5 per cent.trichloroacetic acid and embedded in paraffin.Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and with Azan-Mallory. Results(1) Induction ofprolonged inflammation by carrageenin in rats of Donryu strain inoculated with adjuvant Rats were inoculated with adjuvant 8, 5, 3, or 2 days before the carrageenin injection.Control rats were not inoculated with adjuvant.The volume of swelling of the injected foot was measured 3,48, and 72 hrs after the carrageenin injection.The results are summarized in Table I (opposite).