tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infectious Mononucleosis and Acute Leukemia
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1981)

TO OUR knowledge, 26 cases<sup>1-15</sup>have been reported of the association of infectious mononucleosis and acute leukemia (Table). In seven instances, the former preceded the latter by one to 36 months, in 16 cases the acute leukemia preceded the infectious mononucleosis by one to 45 months, and in three patients both diseases were diagnosed simultaneously. Twenty-one patients were children or teenagers, perhaps accounting for the 20 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Three patients had acute monocytic leukemia. The possible relationship, if any, between the Epstein-Barr (EB) virus, infectious mononucleosis, and acute leukemia is far from clear. Although the EB virus has been etiologically linked to Burkitt's lymphoma, its relation to acute lymphoblastic leukemia has not been established. It seems rather far-fetched to state that the coincidence of acute monocytic leukemia and infectious mononucleosis in two elderly patients suggests a causal relationship.<sup>15</sup>Although one report<sup>11</sup>suggests that the EB virus
Cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10. IL-12, IFN-α, IFN-γ) Required For In Vitro Induction of Human Ragweed Specific (RS) Memory IgE Responses
Authors: T SMITHNOROWITZ, J SILVERBERG, M BLUTH, M HE, L WRIGHT, S CHICE, R JOKS, M NOWAKOWSKI, K NOROWITZ, H DURKIN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Two-dimensional echocardiography and B-mode ultrasonography for the diagnosis of loculated pericardial effusion.
Authors: M J Friedman, D J Sahn, K Haber
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Two cases of loculated pericardial effusion resulting in cardiac tamponade are presented. The loculated nature and extent of the effusion was best defined by two-dimensional echocardiography or B- mode ultrasonography. Cross-sectional images should probably be obtained in all cases of suspected loculated pericardial effusion and in patients in whom the interpretation of the M-mode echocardiogram is equivocal as to the presence or absence of pericardial effusion.
Serum osteoprotegerin and tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing-ligand (TRAIL) are elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria and serum osteoprotegerin is independently associated with the severity of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Yu-Hung Chang, Kun-Der Lin, Sin-Ru He, Ming-Chia Hsieh, Jeng-Yueh Hsiao, Shyi-Jang Shin
Journal: Metabolism (2011)
Antihistamine Therapy for Gingival Hyperplasia Due to Diphenylhydantoin
Authors: Jean Holowach, Don L. Thurston, John E. Gilster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

ONE of the most common side effects associated with diphenylhydantoin therapy is gingival hyperplasia. This reaction has been studied from many aspects — clinical, pathological, physiologic and therapeutic, with controversial and inconclusive findings.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Despite its high prevalence, diphenylhydantoin-induced gingival hyperplasia is benign and painless. Though disfiguring, it is seldom, if ever, an indication for discontinuation of therapy.Recently, Gaillard12 reported the successful use of antihistaminic therapy for the regression of gingival hypertrophy from this cause. Within two weeks of therapy in 1 case and two months in another, the gingiva appeared normal.These dramatic results stimulated our interest in the . . .
Robert Charles Smith
Authors: K. Chandler
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Robert Charles Smith retired in 1996 after nearly 40 years’ service. As a junior he took on extra hospital jobs including paediatrics and anaesthetics at Birmingham Accident Hospital. To celebrate the end of finals exams the new doctors got up to many pranks, including transporting a piano miraculously from one hospital to another in Birmingham.

He decided against a hospital career as being too expensive for his parents and also turned down jobs in Australia. Instead he trained in Leamington as a general practitioner, offering to make visits by bicycle.

Family ties brought …
ION ASSOCIATION. IV. EFFECT OF SODIUM SULFATE INFUSION ON RENAL CLEARANCE AND BODY RETENTION OF INJECTED RADIOSTRONTIUM IN DOGS*
Authors: Mackenzie Walser, John W. Payne, Ann A. Browder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

Carrier-free isotopes of strontium, Sr/sup 85/ and Sr/sup 89/, were injected intravenously into dogs. At intervals of 2.5 to 168 hr later, solutions containing sulfate were infused for 2 to 20 hr. The rate of urinary radiostrontium excretion immediately increased 6- to 40-fold. Radiostrontium clearance per 100 ml glomerular filtrate increased linearly with sulfate excretion. The fraction of filtered strontium excreted reached 80% as compared with a normal value of less than 10%. During sulfate infusion, 22 to 50% of the estimated amount of isotope remaining was excreted in the urine, provided that therapy was instituted within 18 hr of injection. When therapy was delayed, less than 15% of the remaining radiostrontium was removed. In half of the experiments, the amount of isotope excreted in the urine during sulfate infusion was more than twice the amount estimated to be in the extracellular fluid, indicating that deposits of radiostrontium were mobilized from the skeleton and/ or the tissues, 46 references. (auth)
Comparative study with ranitidine and cimetidine on gastric secretion in normal volunteers.
Authors: K F Sewing, A Billian, H Malchow
Journal: Gut (1980)

Commentary on: MB Leon, CR Smith, M Mack, et al.; PARTNER Trial Investigators. Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation for aortic stenosis in patients who cannot undergo surgery. N Engl J Med2010;363:1597–607.
Book Review The AIDS Knowledge Base: A textbook on HIV disease from the University of California, San Francisco, and the San Francisco General Hospital Edited by P.T. Cohen, Merle A. Sande, and Paul A. Volberding, with six others. 1552 pp., illustrated. Boston, Little, Brown, 1994. $125. 0-316-77067-1
Authors: Robert S. Klein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)
Androgen Function in "Psychogenic" and "Constitutional" Types of Impotence
Authors: A. J. Cooper, A. A. A. Ismail, C. G. Smith, J. A. Loraine
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Androgen function was studied in twenty-five physically healthy "primarily" impotent males classified on clinical criteria into "psychogenic" or "constitutional" groups. The mean urinary testosterone level in the former was significantly higher than in the latter group (P&lt;0·005). Important variables associated significantly with higher urinary testosterone levels (P&lt;0·05) were (a) "late onset" impotence, (b) shorter duration than two years, (c) stronger "sex drive," and (d) an alternative sexual outlet to orgasm and ejaculation in the three months preceding referral; the last-mentioned appeared to be the single most important discriminatory feature. It is suggested that testosterone excretion patterns—namely, high, average, and low—may be one method of classifying impotence.
THE USE OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS IN TOXICOLOGY
Authors: O. C. M. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1913)

The controversy surrounding the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug, for COVID-19 has raised numerous ethical and policy problems. Since the suggestion that HCQ has potential for COVID-19, there have been varying responses from clinicians and healthcare institutions, ranging from adoption of protocols using HCQ for routine care to the conduct of randomised controlled trials to an effective system-wide prohibition on its use for COVID-19. In this article, we argue that the concept of ‘disease public profile’ has become a prominent, if not the sole, determinant in decision-making across various healthcare responses to the pandemic. In the case of COVID-19, the disease’s public profile is based on clinical and non-clinical factors that include contagiousness, clinical presentation and media coverage. In particular, we briefly examine the dangers of a heightened public profile in magnifying the inequality of diseases and undermining three key ethical concepts, namely (1) evidence-based practice, (2) sustainable allocation and (3) meaningful consent.
BRCA1 Mutations in Women With Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Asher Shushan
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study by Dr Modan and colleagues<sup>1</sup>describes the high frequency of<i>BRCA1</i>185delAG mutation in Israeli women with ovarian cancer. The patients in this study, 585 Israeli women with ovarian cancer, included 116 women (19.8%) with borderline ovarian tumor. None of the subjects with borderline tumor was found to be a carrier of this mutation. We believe that this difference between frankly invasive and borderline ovarian tumors should be evaluated further. Recently published evidence suggests that the differences between invasive and borderline ovarian tumors are not based on minor morphologic criteria, but that, most probably, these are 2 biologically different entities.<sup>2</sup>No association was found in a recent Israeli study between borderline ovarian tumors and familial history of ovarian cancer,<sup>3</sup>in contrast to strong positive association between familial history and invasive epithelial ovarian cancer.<sup>4</sup>Further, in a preliminary study including 23 consecutive
Antimitochondrial antibody heterogeneity and the xenobiotic etiology of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Richy C.Y. Chen, Phornnop Naiyanetr, Shang-An Shu, Jinjun Wang, Guo-Xiang Yang, Thomas P. Kenny, Kathryn C. Guggenheim, Jeffrey D. Butler, Christopher Bowlus, Mi-Hua Tao, Mark J. Kurth, Aftab A. Ansari, Marshall Kaplan, Ross L. Coppel, Ana Lleo, Eric M. Gershwin, Patrick S.C. Leung
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) directed against the lipoyl domain of the E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDC-E2) are detected in 95% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and are present before the onset of clinical disease. The recent demonstration that AMAs recognize xenobiotic modified PDC-E2 with higher titers than native PDC-E2 raises the possibility that the earliest events involved in loss of tolerance are related to xenobiotic modification. We hypothesized that reactivity to such xenobiotics would be predominantly immunoglobulin M (IgM) and using sera from a large cohort of PBC patients and controls (n = 516), we examined in detail sera reactivity against either 6,8-bis(acetylthio) octanoic acid (SAc)-conjugated bovine serum albumin (BSA), recombinant PDC-E2 (rPDC-E2) or BSA alone. Further, we also defined the relative specificity to the SAc moiety using inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); SAc conjugate and rPDC-E2-specific affinity-purified antibodies were also examined for antigen specificity, isotype, and crossreactivity. Reactivity to SAc conjugates is predominantly IgM; such reactivity reflects a footprint of previous xenobiotic exposure. Indeed, this observation is supported by both direct binding, crossreactivity, and inhibition studies. In both early and late-stage PBC, the predominant Ig isotype to SAc is IgM, with titers higher with advanced stage disease. We also note that there was a higher level of IgM reactivity to SAc than to rPDC-E2 in early-stage versus late-stage PBC. Interestingly, this finding is particularly significant in light of the structural similarity between SAc and the reduced form of lipoic acid, a step which is similar to the normal physiological oxidation of lipoic acid.Specific modifications of the disulfide bond within the lipoic-acid-conjugated PDC-E2 moiety, i.e., by an electrophilic agent renders PDC-E2 immunogenic in a genetically susceptible host.
Histories obtained by two-stage questionnaire with automated transcript in specialist gynaecological practice.
Authors: D W Robinson, G L Walmsley, J C Horrocks, P Milson, D M Jenkins, F T De Dombal, J S Scott
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A two-stage questionnaire which the patient completes at home has been developed for use by gynaecological outpatients. The first stage (root) identifies the patient's problem and obtains general background information. The second stage (branch) deals with the presenting problem in depth. The system has proved highly acceptable to patients. At the clinic a non-medical assistant uses a programmed typewriter to transcribe the data into a typewritten history which is handed to the doctor before he examines the patient. The transcript compares favourably with the conventional hand-written history in content, ease of assimilation, and cost. While the questionnaire itself is an excellent means of collecting information it becomes an efficient means of transmitting information to the clinician only when combined with the transcript facility. There is no storage of confidential information and no scope for unethical disclosure.
Could the answer be talent?
Authors: Urie Bronfenbrenner, Stephen J. Ceci
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

We present a theoretical model and corresponding research design (Bronfenbrenner &amp; Ceci 1994) that could yield stronger evidence for (or perhaps against) Howe et al.'s conclusions. The model assesses levels of heritability ( h ²) under different amounts of training and practice, thus providing estimates of the independent contribution of “innate talent” to the quality of development outcomes. The design can also reveal the extent to which this independent contribution varies systematically as a function of other influential factors identified by Howe et al.
Response to commercial factor VIII concentrate
Authors: Edward D. Gomperts, Doris Menache, George M. Rodgers, Marilyn H. Ford
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

documented their experience with one lot of American Red Cross Antihemophilic Factor (Human), Method M, Monoclonal Purified and reported lack of adequate Factor VlII response assayed ex vivo.In addition, upon the authors' request, two commercial coagulation laboratories tested this particular lot of concentrate and reported a Factor Vlll concentration at -25% of labelled potency.This claim is viewed by both the Red Cross and Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Hyland Division, who manufacture the product for Red Cross distribution, as a serious issue, and effort has been directed at evaluating Drs.Rodgers and Ford's observations.
Comparison of bronchoscopic diagnostic techniques with histological findings in brain dead organ donors without suspected pneumonia.
Authors: J. Sole-Violan, F. Rodriguez de Castro, A. Rey, J. Freixinet, A. Aranda, J. Caminero, J. Bolanos
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: The techniques for recognising pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients were evaluated as no "gold standard" is available to establish the diagnosis in these patients. METHODS: A prospective study was performed on nine brain dead organ donors not suspected of having pneumonia to assess the specificity of bacteriological results from different samples by comparing them with the histological findings from an open pulmonary biopsy specimen taken immediately after death through a mini-thoracotomy. RESULTS: Seven of the nine organ donors without clinical evidence of pulmonary infection and not on antibiotic therapy showed histological features of bronchopneumonia. There was no association between the histological findings and quantitative cultures of the lung biopsy specimen. CONCLUSIONS: Histological evidence of pneumonia was common in this group of ventilated patients who had no clinical signs of the disease.
Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Authors: M. Michael Wolfe, David R. Lichtenstein, Gurkirpal Singh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

One hundred years have passed since Felix Hoffman, working at Bayer Industries, reported the successful synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid as the first nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID).1,2 At the suggestion of Hermann Dreser, Bayer's chief pharmacologist at the time,3 the compound was called “aspirin” and was purported to represent a convenient mechanism for the delivery of salicylic acid in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, menstrual pain, and fever.2 Approximately 40 years elapsed before Douthwaite and Lintott4 provided endoscopic evidence that aspirin could cause gastric mucosal damage. Numerous reports have corroborated this observation,58 and the introduction of more potent agents . . .
New Zealand agency comes under pressure to pay more for drugs
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The United States is using a fresh round of talks on free trade to try to water down New Zealand’s tough approach to negotiating low prices with drug companies.

The talks are part of the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement, which will involve nine countries in the Asia Pacific region, including the United States, New Zealand, and Australia, and will cover trade in intellectual property, pharmaceuticals, and other commodities.

The prices that the New Zealand government pays for drugs are among the lowest in the developed world, and the drug industry, much of which is based in the US, is using the trade talks to push for reforms in how those prices are set.

Last month a group of 28 US senators wrote to President Barack Obama urging him to protect US companies’ interests during the …
Microbiology of Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium
Authors: HENRY D. ISENBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Legionnaires' disease bacterium in tissue does not readily react with the Gram stain but can be seen by other stains and direct immunofluorescence. It is a slow-growing, aerobic, gram-negative rod that can be cultivated over a narrow temperature range on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented either with complex biological mixtures or certain ferric salts and cysteine. The bacterium produces unique, branched-chain fatty acids, catalase, oxidase (weakly), and gelatinase and uses starch while ignoring other carbohydrates. Pigment production is related to tyrosine in the medium. In-vitro studies suggest susceptibility to all antibiotics except vancomycin, but a class 1 beta-lactamase has been demonstrated. Analysis of DNA confirmed the unrelatedness of this bacterium to previously recognized prokaryotes. Diagnosis of the disease has depended largely on serologic test findings and the demonstration of the bacterium in tissue and, occasionally, on isolation. Additional, simpler, and more rapid diagnostic tests should soon be available.
The Illinois State Board of Health.
Authors: J. A. Egan
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Springfield, Ill., Feb. 28, 1898. The 19th and 20th Annual Reports of this board, to be published very shortly, will contain an official register of all licensed physicians practicing in Illinois. As the reports are sent to every State in the Union, and are largely called for by professional and business men interested, I desire that the register be as correct as possible; hence would ask that you kindly accord me space in your journal to ask that every physician who wishes to have his name and address correctly reported will send the information to us on postal card at once, giving number and date of certificate. In over 70 per cent, of cases the addresses on file in this office are those originally given when the certificates were issued, and as no additional information has been furnished this office, either by the county clerks or the physicians concerned, many
Evolving Notions of Childhood Chronic Illness
Authors: Neal Halfon
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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Failure of inhibitory effects by platelets on super‐oxide anion generation from stimulated neutrophils in a severe bronchial asthmatic
Authors: M. Kurosawa, H. Kobayashi, S. Kobayashi, M. Nakano
Journal: Allergy (1991)

Blood was drawn from healthy human volunteers and a 30‐year‐old woman with severe bronchial asthma (atopic and perennial type), whose peripheral blood platelets counts were continuously higher than 60 × 10 4 /mm1. Neutrophils were purified on a Conray‐Ficoll gradient and platelets were isolated by a gel filtration method with Sepharose 2B. Superoxide anion (0 2 − ) generation from the cells was measured by 2‐methyl‐6‐[p‐methoxyphenyl]‐3,7‐dihydroimidazo [1,2‐a]purazin‐3–one (MCLA)‐dependent luminescence. Addition of 0.5 μM MCLA and 10 −8 M N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) or 10 ng/ml phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to a suspension of platelets obtained from the healthy controls and the patient caused no significant MCLA‐dependent luminescence. Of generation by neutrophils from healthy human volunteers, activated by 10 −8 M fMLP or 10 ng/ml PMA, was inhibited by their platelets in a concentration‐dependent manner. Platelets from the patient failed to inhibit 0 2 − generation from neutrophils activated by 10 −8 M fMLP. Cu‐Zn superoxide dismutase concentrations in platelets from healthy human volunteers were not higher than the patient's. These data suggest that the absence of inhibition of superoxide generation from activated neutrophils by platelets might be involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.
Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Heart Disease: A Correction
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Readers have raised questions concerning the absence of any financial disclosure following the Letter to the Editor from Dr Domingo Aviado.<sup>1</sup>In response, Dr Aviado would like us to publish the following "clarification statement": "Atmospheric Health Sciences is an independent consulting firm for governmental agencies here and abroad, the tobacco industry, pharmaceutical industry, and petrochemical companies. However, Dr Aviado did not receive any form of compensation for writing the unsolicited Letter to the Editor on environmental tobacco smoke and heart disease." The editors would point out that on February 16,1992, Dr Aviado signed the following Financial Disclosure statement without noting any conflicts: "I certify that any affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with a direct financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, expert testimony) are noted below. Otherwise, my signature indicates that I have no