tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outcome Reporting Among Drug Trials Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: Florence T. Bourgeois
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Clinical trial registries are in widespread use to promote transparency around trials and their results.To describe characteristics of drug trials listed in ClinicalTrials.gov and examine whether the funding source of these trials is associated with favorable published outcomes.An observational study of safety and efficacy trials for anticholesteremics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, proton-pump inhibitors, and vasodilators conducted between 2000 and 2006.ClinicalTrials.gov, a Web-based registry of clinical trials launched in 1999.Publications resulting from the trials for the 5 drug categories of interest were identified, and data were abstracted on the trial record and publication, including timing of registration, elements of the study design, funding source, publication date, and study outcomes. Assessments were based on the primary funding categories of industry, government agencies, and nonprofit or nonfederal organizations.Among 546 drug trials, 346 (63%) were primarily funded by industry, 74 (14%) by government sources, and 126 (23%) by nonprofit or nonfederal organizations. Trials funded by industry were more likely to be phase 3 or 4 trials (88.7%; P < 0.001 across groups), to use an active comparator in controlled trials (36.8%; P = 0.010 across groups), to be multicenter (89.0%; P < 0.001 across groups), and to enroll more participants (median sample size, 306 participants; P < 0.001 across groups). Overall, 362 (66.3%) trials had published results. Industry-funded trials reported positive outcomes in 85.4% of publications, compared with 50.0% for government-funded trials and 71.9% for nonprofit or nonfederal organization-funded trials (P < 0.001). Trials funded by nonprofit or nonfederal sources with industry contributions were also more likely to report positive outcomes than those without industry funding (85.0% vs. 61.2%; P = 0.013). Rates of trial publication within 24 months of study completion ranged from 32.4% among industry-funded trials to 56.2% among nonprofit or nonfederal organization-funded trials without industry contributions (P = 0.005 across groups).The publication status of a trial could not always be confirmed, which could result in misclassification. Additional information on study protocols and comprehensive trial results were not available to further explore underlying factors for the association between funding source and outcome reporting.In this sample of registered drug trials, those funded by industry were less likely to be published within 2 years of study completion and were more likely to report positive outcomes than were trials funded by other sources.National Library of Medicine and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health.
Curettage of the Uterus in Incomplete Abortion.
Authors: William Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Ft. Adams, R. I., Dec. 21, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In theJournalof Nov. 27 and Dec. 11, 1897, articles appeared on the treatment of inevitable abortion, and I present the following history of a patient in which curettage was performed as a means of emptying the uterus of the retained secundines, which resulted in the prompt recovery of the patient from an almost moribund condition. The patient, a female of middle age, multipara, anemic and debilitated, while about her household duties suddenly fell to the floor from continuous loss of blood, which had been a prominent symptom for several days and had been attributed to a more than usually profuse catamenia. All knowledge of a probable pregnancy was denied. Pain and hemorrhage were very pronounced symptoms, and the patient was at once placed in bed, the foot end raised, morphia and viburnum were administered<i>pro re nata;</i>
Circulating Endothelial Cells
Authors: David M. Smadja, Pascale Gaussem, Laetitia Mauge, Dominique Israël-Biet, Françoise Dignat-George, Séverine Peyrard, Gabriella Agnoletti, Pascal R. Vouhé, Damien Bonnet, Marilyne Lévy
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Congenital heart disease can be complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the reversibility of which is often difficult to predict. We recently reported a lung biopsy study showing impaired apoptotic regulation of endothelial cells in irreversible PAH. The objective of the present study was to identify noninvasive biomarkers of endothelial turnover that could be used to identify congenital heart disease patients at risk of irreversible PAH. Methods and Results— Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) isolated with CD146-coated beads and circulating CD34 + CD133 + progenitor cells (CPCs) were quantified in peripheral vein, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary vein blood samples from 26 patients with congenital heart disease (16 with reversible PAH [median age 2 years] and 10 with irreversible PAH [median age 9 years]) and 5 control patients. Surgical lung biopsy was performed in 19 cases. As expected, endothelial remodeling was observed in irreversible PAH but not in reversible PAH. CEC and CPC numbers were each similar in the 3 types of blood samples. CEC numbers were significantly higher in patients with irreversible PAH (median 57 CEC/mL) than in patients with reversible PAH and control subjects (median 3 CEC/mL in the 2 groups). In contrast, CPC numbers did not differ among patients with irreversible or reversible PAH and control subjects (median 84, 64, and 44 CPC/10 5 lymphocytes, respectively, in the 3 groups). Conclusions— Irreversible PAH in congenital heart disease is associated with endothelial damage and with increased circulating endothelial cell counts. The present study suggests that CECs could be a valuable tool to define therapeutic strategies in congenital heart disease patients with PAH.
The endothelial protein C receptor (PROCR) Ser219Gly variant and risk of common thrombotic disorders: a HuGE review and meta-analysis of evidence from observational studies
Authors: Jessica Dennis, Candice Y. Johnson, Adeniyi Samuel Adediran, Mariza de Andrade, John A. Heit, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange, David-Alexandre Trégouët, France Gagnon
Journal: Blood (2012)
Most visits of most patients with rheumatoid arthritis to most rheumatologists do not include a formal quantitative joint count
Authors: Theodore Pincus, Oscar G Segurado
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objective:</b> To ask rheumatologists about the likelihood of performing a formal joint count at each visit of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in standard clinical care. <b>Method:</b> Direct query of rheumatologists at an international meeting of about 600 rheumatologists from 17 European countries. <b>Results:</b> Overall, 14% of rheumatologists reported performing a formal joint count at each visit of each patient, and 44% of rheumatologists reported performing a formal joint count at more than 50% of visits of patients with RA. Therefore, 56% of rheumatologists reported performing a joint count at fewer than 50% of visits, including 45% at fewer than 25% of visits. One in eight rheumatologists (13%) reported never performing a formal joint count. <b>Conclusion:</b> Although the joint count remains the most specific measure for RA, most visits of most patients with RA to most rheumatologists do not include a formal quantitative joint count.
Low Urine Volume in Stone Formers
Authors: ALAN M. BRICKMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1980Low Urine Volume in Stone FormersALAN M. BRICKMAN, M.D., ALICE F. ELLISON, R.N., ALAN S. KLIGER, M.D., ROBERT LANG, M.D., ARTHUR E. BROADUS, MD., PH.D.ALAN M. BRICKMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALICE F. ELLISON, R.N.Search for more papers by this author, ALAN S. KLIGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT LANG, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ARTHUR E. BROADUS, MD., PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-4-644_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent article by Pak and colleagues (1) stengthens the basis for the time-honored recommendation that stone formers maintain a dilute urine at all times.We have reviewed the charts of 160 calcium oxalate and mixed calcium stone formers seen at the Yale-New Haven Hospital Renal Stone Clinic between June 1977 and January 1980. All the patients were referred to us by either an internist or a urologist. Initial urine volumes in our clinic were less than 1 1/d (mean urine volume, 772 mL) in 34 patients (21%); the specimens were judged to be complete collections on...References1. PAKSAKHEECROWTHERBRINKLEY CKCL. Evidence justifying a high fluid intake in treatment of nephorlithiasis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93(Part 1):36-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ROBERTSON W. Risk factors in calcium stone disease. In: BROCKIS G, FINLAYSON B, eds. International Urinary Stone Conference. Littleton, Massachusetts: PSG Publishing Co.; 1979:12. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALAN M. BRICKMAN, M.D.; ALICE F. ELLISON, R.N.; ALAN S. KLIGER, M.D.; ROBERT LANG, M.D.; ARTHUR E. BROADUS, MD., PH.D.Affiliations: Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven, CT 06510 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCarbohydratesThe Stone Clinic Effect in Patients With Idiopathic Calcium Urolithiasis 1 October 1980Volume 93, Issue 4Page: 644-644KeywordsCalciumChartsHospitalsKidney stonesUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Usefulness of letters from hospitals to general practitioners.
Authors: W Bado, C J Williams
Journal: BMJ (1984)

In an investigation of the communication between specialist hospital departments and general practitioners 97 general practitioners were asked to say how important selected items of information that the hospital could pass on would be for management of a patient receiving chemotherapy. In addition, the records of 68 patients were examined for coverage of these topics. General practitioners considered technical topics to be more important than social ones. Hospital letters covered technical topics well, apart from details of possible side effects, but did not do the same even for the two social topics that most doctors considered to be essential--namely, what patients have been told about their diagnosis and prognosis. Letters from hospitals to general practitioners cover technical topics well but should include more information relating to the social aspects of the patient's disease.
Do statins provide clinical benefit in high-risk coronary artery disease patients with advanced left ventricular dysfunction?
Authors: Sandra P. Reyna, Benjamin D. Horne, Robert R. Pearson, Tami L. Bair, Chloe A. Allen Maycock, Kismet D. Rasmusson, Jill Hall, Stephanie V. Moore, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Dale G. Renlund
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
New guide aims to increase access worldwide to drugs for children
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Essential drugs for children will be easier to procure in future, with the help of a new online guide published by Unicef and the World Health Organization.

Sources and Prices of Selected Medicines for Children offers up to date information on the availability and prices of 240 drug items in 612 different paediatric formulations selected from WHO’s model list of essential medicines for children. It also includes therapeutic food and vitamin …
Manipulation of rat brain fatty acid composition alters volatile anesthetic potency.
Authors: A S Evers, W J Elliott, J B Lefkowith, P Needleman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The molecular mechanism of volatile anesthetic action remains unknown. Attempts to elucidate this mechanism have been complicated by the absence of models in which changes in neuronal cellular properties can be correlated with changes in whole animal anesthetic effect. In this study we describe a model where diet-induced alterations in rat brain fatty acid composition are correlated with alterations in volatile anesthetic potency. Rats maintained on a fat-free diet showed significant depletion of arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6; 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega 3; 4,7,10,13,16,19,-docosahexaenoic acid) in brain, and a corresponding increase in Mead acid (20: 3 omega 9; 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid). These fat-deprived rats were significantly more sensitive to all volatile anesthetics tested than were age-controlled rats on a normal diet. Parenteral supplementation of the fat-deprived animals with linolenic acid (18: 3 omega 3, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid) completely reconstituted the docosahexaenoic acid content of brain without affecting anesthetic sensitivity. In contrast, supplementation of the fat-deprived rats with linoleic acid (18: omega 6; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid) caused a dramatic decrease in anesthetic sensitivity, but only a small change in whole brain arachidonate content. Further analysis revealed that linoleate supplementation of fat-deprived animals resulted in a preferential normalization of the arachidonate content of brain phosphatidylinositol as compared with other brain phosphoglycerides. These results demonstrate for the first time a correlation between changes in membrane composition and anesthetic effect, and indicate that the precise fatty acid composition (perhaps in specific phospholipids) of brain is important in the mechanism of volatile anesthetic action.
ICTERUS
Authors: C. W. Hooper, G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

It is known that hemoglobin can be rapidly changed to bile pigment in a circulation confined to the head, neck, and thorax. This excludes direct liver participation (1). These experiments show that hemoglobin can be changed to bile pigment within the pleural or peritoneal cavities. This transformation can usually be detected after eight hours, and the amount can often be estimated quantitatively after an interval of twenty-four hours. Such experiments demonstrate the importance which may attach to extrahepatic bile pigment formation. That bile pigments can be formed without direct liver activity is established beyond doubt.
Modifiable Risk Factors for Pulmonary Embolism-Reply
Authors: Charles H. Hennekens
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We believe the totality of evidence strongly supports a judgment of proof beyond a reasonable doubt that obesity, smoking, and hypertension (along with elevated blood cholesterol) are the leading avoidable causes of premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the United States and most developed countries. Thus, for pulmonary embolism, ethical considerations would preclude the conduct of randomized trials of these factors to provide the most direct evidence. Therefore, while we agree with Dr Landzberg that the totality of evidence is less complete for pulmonary embolism, we nonetheless strongly recommend modification of these risk factors.
<i>In vivo</i>measurement of skin erythema and pigmentation: new means of implementation of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with a commercial instrument
Authors: G.N. Stamatas, B.Z. Zmudzka, N. Kollias, J.Z. Beer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Various physical, chemical and biological insults, including exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, cause erythema and change in pigmentation in human skin. These reactions provide an important measure of the cutaneous response to the insult.To present a new implementation of a method for objective in vivo measurement of erythema and pigmentation.The method is based on acquisition of reflectance spectra in the visible range using a commercially available spectrophotometer. The probe of this instrument incorporates an integrating sphere that captures the light remitted from the skin in a wide range of angles. We corrected the acquired reflectance spectra for the contribution of specular reflections by an amount given by the Fresnel equation and verified this correction experimentally. This correction is particularly important when measurements are performed on heavily pigmented skin. The corrected reflectance spectra are then transformed into absorbance spectra. To analyse these spectra, we developed an algorithm which can be used to calculate apparent concentrations of oxyhaemoglobin, deoxyhaemoglobin and melanin. This method was tested in clinical studies of skin reactions induced by exposure to UV radiation. These experiments involved three groups of subjects with progressively darker complexion (constitutive pigmentation). Each group consisted of 10 subjects. Erythema was measured 1 day after UV exposure, and pigmentation (melanin content) 1 week later. Results Distinct apparent absorbance spectra were obtained for dark, intermediate and fair skin. There was good agreement between reconstructed spectra and experimental data at relevant wavelengths. Difference absorption spectra were able to show the dose dependence of UV-induced responses, and erythema and pigmentation values obtained by the spectroscopic method showed good correlation with those derived by subjective visual grading.The results demonstrate that the presented methodology provides an objective noninvasive way of measuring UV-induced reactions independently of the level of constitutive pigmentation.
Arguing about consciousness: A blind alley and a red herring
Authors: Natika Newton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

O'Brien &amp; Opie hold that phenomenal experience should be identified with “stable patterns of activation” across the brain's neural networks, and that this proposal has the potential for closing the ‘explanatory gap' between mental states and brain processes. I argue that they have too much respect for the conceivability argument and that their proposal already does much to close the explanatory gap, but that a “perspicuous nexus” can in principle never be achieved.
Phase II Trial of Thalidomide for Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Robert J. Motzer, William Berg, Michelle Ginsberg, Paul Russo, Jacqueline Vuky, R. Richard Yu, Jennifer Bacik, Madhu Mazumdar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To assess efficacy and toxicity of thalidomide in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients with RCC were treated with thalidomide at a starting dose of 200 mg daily. Thalidomide was increased by 200 mg every 2 weeks until a maximum dose of 800 mg or prohibitive toxicity was reached. Fifteen patients had prior nephrectomy, 11 patients had no prior systemic therapy, and 15 had received one prior systemic regimen. RESULTS: A maximum dose of 800 mg, 600 mg, 400 mg, and 200 mg was reached in five, 10, eight, and three patients, respectively. Grade 2 and 3 dyspnea occurred in four and three patients, respectively. Grade 2 and 3 neurologic toxicity was observed in five and two patients, respectively. Of the 25 assessable patients, the best response was stable disease in 16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 43% to 82%) patients. The 6-month progression-free survival rate was 32% (95% CI, 14% to 50%). Three patients achieved prolonged stable disease of 16, 16+, and 18+ months, including two patients who were refractory to previous cytokine therapy. Fifty-seven percent were alive at 1 year (95% CI, 37% to 76%). CONCLUSION: This trial does not support the routine use of thalidomide to induce partial response for metastatic RCC. Because disease stabilization occurs as a part of the natural history of metastatic RCC, the potential effect of thalidomide on progression-free and overall survival for patients with advanced RCC is being addressed in a randomized phase III trial. New immunomodulatory analogs of thalidomide that have shown potentially greater antitumor effects in preclinical models warrant study in metastatic RCC.
Exploring the Epigenetics of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Bryan J. Traynor, Alan E. Renton
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Responses of black patients and white patients to antihypertensive drugs are similar, study shows
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The responses of black patients with high blood pressure to commonly used classes of antihypertensive drugs are more similar than previously thought to the responses of white patients, indicates a meta-analysis published last week.

A Medline search (from 1983 to March 2003) and a manual trawl of references to randomised trials identified 15 studies. These studies, which included information on the effect of antihypertensive drugs on blood pressure in black patients and white patients, involved a total of 9307 white and 2902 black patients whose treatments lasted from …
Factors affecting the adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells in human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: C.S.P. Tsang, L.P. Samaranayake
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Adherence to host surfaces is an essential prerequisite for colonization and infection. We compared the adherence of 15 oral isolates of Candida albicans harvested from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and 12 isolates from HIV-free individuals to buccal epithelial cells (BECs) from HIV-free individuals, and the adherence of a reference strain of C. albicans to BECs from HIV-infected as well as HIV-free individuals. C. albicans from HIV-infected individuals showed adherence values similar to those from HIV-free individuals. The clinical and laboratory parameters of the subjects from whom the Candida were isolated did not correlate with adherence. A reference strain of C. albicans (GDH 1957), however, adhered more readily to BECs from HIV-infected individuals than to cells from an HIV-free cohort. Several variables were found to be associated with the adherence of C. albicans to BECs from HIV-infected individuals: use of zidovudine, antibacterials and antiparasitics was associated with increased adhesion, while haemophilia, heterosexuality, bisexuality, increased age, decreased CD4 + count and use of folate were associated with a decreased candidal adhesion (all P < 0.05). Our data suggest that the quality of BECs including their receptivity to Candida may play an important part in increasing the oral yeast carriage in HIV infection.
CENTRAL AND GENERAL ADIPOSITY AND RISK OF INCIDENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN OLDER ADULTS: THE CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH STUDY
Authors: Maria G. Karas, Laura Yee, Mary Lou Biggs, Luc Djousse, Kenneth J. Mukamal, Joachim Ix, Susan Zieman, David Siscovick, John Gottdiener, Michael Rosenberg, Richard Kronmal, Jorge Kizer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)