tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Care of Young Children With Diabetes in the Child Care Setting: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association
Authors: Linda M. Siminerio, Anastasia Albanese-O’Neill, Jane L. Chiang, Katie Hathaway, Crystal C. Jackson, Jill Weissberg-Benchell, Janel L. Wright, Alan L. Yatvin, Larry C. Deeb
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Diabetes is a relatively common chronic disease of childhood (1); however, capturing prevalence data in children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes has been challenging. The comprehensive SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) study has made significant strides in better understanding disease prevalence in the pediatric population. A recent SEARCH study found that 1.93 per 1,000 youth (aged <20 years) were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (2), an increase of 21.1% from 2001 to 2009, with increases seen in all ethnic groups but with non-Hispanic whites disproportionately affected (3). For type 2 diabetes, the SEARCH study reported a prevalence of 0.46 per 1,000 youth (aged 10–20 years), an increase of 30.5% from 2001 to 2009 in all ethnicities (3). As youth rarely die of diabetes, the increase in prevalence is most likely attributed to increased incidence.

An annual increase of 2.3% in type 1 diabetes incidence has been reported in children, with children aged <5 years experiencing the greatest increase relative to all children (4). As type 2 diabetes is rarely seen in children younger than 10 years of age (3), this Position Statement will primarily focus on type 1 diabetes. The primary objective of this Position Statement is to explain that young children (aged ≤5 years) are a vulnerable population and have unique diabetes management needs. Our goal is to describe the diabetes management recommendations in the child care setting. The child care setting includes day care, camp, and other programs where young children with diabetes are enrolled. This Position Statement is meant to guide child care providers in caring for young children with diabetes and is not intended to provide specific advice on the medical management for this population. While Position Statements contain evidence-based recommendations, all of the information that pertains to young children is expert opinion …
HIV Infection and Immunization against Other Agents
Authors: Neal A. Halsey, D.A. Henderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections has raised many questions about medical and social practices. Specific issues regarding appropriate policies for immunization of individuals and populations at risk for HIV infections are raised in a report in this issue by Redfield et al.1 The authors describe a military recruit with an asymptomatic HIV infection who became symptomatic and had disseminated vaccinia infection with delayed healing after receiving the customary battery of immunizations during basic training. However, the questions posed in the discussion seem more alarming than appears warranted on the basis of available data: (1) Could multiple immunizations . . .
Induced Abortion for Psychiatric Indication
Authors: SANFORD MEYEROWITZ, AARON SATLOFF, JOHN ROMANO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Women considered for induced abortion for psychiatric indication under a restrictive state law were studied over a period of seven years. The recommendation for abortion was unrelated to a number of social variables but it was associated with judged suicide risk and psychiatric diagnosis. Most patients, both those who had abortions and those who carried the pregnancy to term, were better or unchanged in overall psychosocial competence at a long-range follow-up. A small group of women who were aborted were judged worse; this group also showed evidence of immediate adverse response after abortion.
Performance of the revised Geneva score in patients with a delayed suspicion of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Paul L. den Exter, Pim van den Hoven, Tom van der Hulle, Inge C.M. Mos, Renée A. Douma, Josien van Es, Menno V. Huisman, Frederikus A. Klok
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

Establishing a prompt diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism is a diagnostic challenge, as the clinical presentation ranges from haemodynamic shock to very subtle symptoms mimicking those of other cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases [1]. This diverse presentation facilitates diagnostic delay and, consequently, also a delay in treatment initiation, which might be an important prognostic indicator for patients with acute pulmonary embolism [1]. The standard diagnostic algorithm for suspected acute pulmonary embolism consists of sequential pre-test probability determination, D-dimer testing and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) [2]. The pre-test probability can be estimated using a validated clinical decision rule (CDR), such as the Wells score and the revised Geneva score (RGS) [3, 4]. In addition to an excellent sensitivity and specificity, the main advantage of this diagnostic algorithm is that 20–30% of all patients with a clinical suspicion can be managed without CTPA, since an unlikely clinical probability in combination with a normal high-sensitive D-dimer test result has been shown to accurately rule out acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism [5]. The significance of the appropriate use of this diagnostic management strategy in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism has been highlighted by a prospective cohort study [6]. In patients with inappropriate diagnostic management, the diagnostic failure rate was 7.7%, compared to 1.2% for those patients in whom pulmonary embolism was ruled out according to the strategy (p<0.001). Importantly, symptoms suggestive of pulmonary embolism that could also be ascribed to underlying cardiopulmonary diseases ( e.g. heart failure or chronic lung disease) were identified as an important factor …
87 Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and estrogens modulate neoplastic cell growth in human cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: D. Alvaro, B. Barbaro, A. Franchitto, P. Onori, L. Marucci, M. Marzioni, V. Drudi-Metalli, A. Augelo, V. Cardinale, A.F. Attili, A. Benedetti, E. Gaudio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Regulation of factor IXa in vitro in human and mouse plasma and in vivo in the mouse. Role of the endothelium and the plasma proteinase inhibitors.
Authors: H E Fuchs, H G Trapp, M J Griffith, H R Roberts, S V Pizzo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The regulation of human Factor IXa was studied in vitro in human and mouse plasma and in vivo in the mouse. In human plasma, approximately 60% of the 125I-Factor IXa was bound to antithrombin III (ATIII) by 2 h, with no binding to alpha 2-macroglobulin or alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, as assessed by gel electrophoresis and IgG- antiproteinase inhibitor-Sepharose beads. In the presence of heparin, virtually 100% of the 125I-Factor IXa was bound to ATIII by 1 min. The distribution of 125I-Factor IXa in mouse plasma was similar. The clearance of 125I-Factor IXa was rapid (50% clearance in 2 min) and biphasic and was inhibited by large molar excesses of ATIII-thrombin and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor-trypsin, but not alpha 2-macro-globulin-trypsin; it was also inhibited by large molar excesses of diisopropylphosphoryl - (DIP-) Factor Xa, DIP-thrombin, and Factor IX, but not by prothrombin or Factor X. The clearance of Factor IX was also rapid (50% clearance in 2.5 min) and was inhibited by a large molar excess of Factor IX, but not by large molar excesses of Factor X, prothrombin, DIP-Factor Xa, or DIP-thrombin. Electrophoresis and IgG- antiproteinase inhibitor-Sepharose bead studies confirmed that by 2 min after injection into the murine circulation, 60% of the 125I-Factor IXa was bound to ATIII. Organ distribution studies with 125I-Factor IXa demonstrated that most of the radioactivity was in the liver. These studies suggest that Factor IXa binds to at least two classes of binding sites on endothelial cells. One site apparently recognizes both Factors IX and IXa, but not Factor X, Factor Xa, prothrombin, or thrombin. The other site recognizes thrombin, Factor Xa, and Factor IXa, but not the zymogen forms of these clotting factors. After this binding, Factor IXa is bound to ATIII and the complex is cleared from the circulation by hepatocytes.
Desipramine for Interstitial Cystitis
Authors: Domeena C. Renshaw
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  The syndrome of interstitial cystitis, with its distressing urinary symptoms, has remained a diagnostic and treatment challenge since first recognized in 1907. 1 Its etiology is unknown. Although nonspecific chronic inflammation, with mast cells in the interstitial tissue of the bladder, was once believed to be pathognomonic of interstitial cystitis, other connective-tissue diseases have been shown to have similar pathological changes. Cystoscopy shows reduced capacity (
Use of Cholesterol Measurements in Childhood for the Prediction of Adult Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Ronald M. Lauer
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This article describes the validity and utility of screening tests for total cholesterol levels in school-age children to predict those who, when adults, will have cholesterol levels that the National Cholesterol Education Program suggests need continuing surveillance and intervention. Two thousand three hundred sixty-seven children aged 8 to 18 years were examined on several occasions and were followed up to ages 20 to 30 years. Of children with cholesterol concentrations exceeding the 75th percentile on two occasions, 75% of girls and 56% of boys would not qualify for intervention as adults by the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Of children with cholesterol levels exceeding the 90th percentile on two occasions, 57% of girls and 30% of boys would not qualify for intervention as adults. Because the efficacy, safety, acceptability, and cost of treatment for high cholesterol concentrations in childhood is evolving, the need for universal screening of childhood cholesterol levels must be considered carefully in view of the number of children with high levels of cholesterol who, as adults, do not meet the criteria for intervention suggested by the National Cholesterol Education Program.
COMPARISON OF SINGLE VERSUS TWO STENT TECHNIQUES IN TREATMENT OF UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS
Authors: Won-Jang KIM, Young-Hak Kim, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Cheol Whan Lee, Jae-Joong Kim, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Limits of Right Ventricular Compensation Following Acute Increase in Pulmonary Circulatory Resistance
Authors: ARTHUR C. GUYTON, ARTHUR W. LINDSEY, JOHN J. GILLULY
Journal: Circulation Research (1954)

The ability of the right ventricle to compensate as the pulmonary artery is constricted appears to be determined by four major factors: (1) there occurs the well-known increased force of contraction as the right heart becomes distended; (2) the adequacy of the coronary circulation determines to a great extent the Degrees of pulmonary arterial constriction which can occur before failure occurs; (3) the circulatory reflexes apparently aid the compensation to a moderate extent; and (4) the greater the blood volume, the greater is the limit of compensation before right ventricular failure occurs.
Towards a Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Bank
Authors: Jason P. Lott, Julian Savulescu
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

An increasingly unbridgeable gap exists between the supply and demand of transplantable organs. Human embryonic stem cell technology could solve the organ shortage problem by restoring diseased or damaged tissue across a range of common conditions. However, such technology faces several largely ignored immunological challenges in delivering cell lines to large populations. We address some of these challenges and argue in favor of encouraging contribution or intentional creation of embryos from which widely immunocompatible stem cell lines could be derived. Further, we argue that current immunological constraints in tissue transplantation demand the creation of a global stem cell bank, which may hold particular promise for minority populations and other sub-groups currently marginalized from organ procurement and allocation systems. Finally, we conclude by offering a number of practical and ethically oriented recommendations for constructing a human embryonic stem cell bank that we hope will help solve the ongoing organ shortage problem.
Angiotropic (intravascular) large cell lymphoma of the skin previously classified as malignant angioendotheliomatosis
Authors: R. WILLEMZE, M.R.J. KRUYSWIJK, C.D.DE BRUIN, C.J.L.M. MEIJER, W.VAN BERKEL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

A 63-year-old female with the classical clinical and histological features of malignant angioendotheliomatosis with disease limited to the skin is reported. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of an intravascular large cell lymphoma of B cell origin. The recent literature regarding the histogenesis and nomenclature of this disease is reviewed.
Reoxygenation of endothelial cells increases permeability by oxidant-dependent mechanisms.
Authors: H Lum, D A Barr, J R Shaffer, R J Gordon, A M Ezrin, A B Malik
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

We investigated the effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation exposure on the barrier function of endothelial cell monolayers. Bovine pulmonary microvessel endothelial cells were grown to confluence on microporous filters (0.8-microns pore diameter) and exposed to hypoxia (0.1% O2 or PO2 approximately 1 mm Hg) for 2, 4, 12, or 24 hours, followed by reoxygenation with room air for a period ranging from 16 seconds to 2 hours. The transendothelial clearance rate of 125I-albumin was measured to determine the permeability of endothelial monolayers. Permeability increased twofold or fivefold over control values after 1 hour of reoxygenation in monolayers that had been exposed to either 12 or 24 hours of hypoxia. The response occurred within 5 minutes of reoxygenation, increased maximally by 40 minutes, and remained elevated with continuous reoxygenation for up to 2 hours. The increase in permeability was associated with F-actin reorganization, a change to spindlelike cells, and injured mitochondria. Immunoblot analysis indicated that neither hypoxia alone nor reoxygenation changed CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD), MnSOD, and catalase levels. However, release of superoxide anions (O2-) into the extracellular medium increased by twofold within 40-60 minutes of reoxygenation. Treatment of endothelial cells with CuZnSOD (100 units/ml) for the 24-hour hypoxia period prevented O2- generation and approximately 50% of the increase in permeability. Higher CuZnSOD concentrations (greater than or equal to 200 units/ml) were not protective. Treatment with catalase (100-1,000 units/ml) inhibited the reoxygenation-induced increase in permeability at the highest catalase concentration (1,000 units/ml), suggesting a critical role of hydrogen peroxide in mediating the response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
LEF-1 is a prosurvival factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is expressed in the preleukemic state of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis
Authors: Albert Gutierrez, Renee C. Tschumper, Xiaosheng Wu, Tait D. Shanafelt, Jeanette Eckel-Passow, Paul M. Huddleston, Susan L. Slager, Neil E. Kay, Diane F. Jelinek
Journal: Blood (2010)
SURGERY OF CYSTIC DEGENERATION OF THE KIDNEY
Authors: T. C. WITHERSPOON
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The purpose of this paper is to direct attention to the practicability of giving surgical relief from certain symptoms or ill effects of cystic kidneys. The number of patients with cystic kidney for whom any given operator may render service is necessarily small; the majority are not aware of its existence until late in the course of the degeneration, and then it is impossible to stay the process or to relieve the symptoms. The lack of individual experience necessarily leads to an uncertain surgical attitude toward the lesion, and when, during an operation, such a condition is discovered, the operator is unprepared to do the most appropriate thing to bring about a surcease of symptoms or to check the progress of the cystic degeneration. For the purpose of getting directly to the subject, and before discussing the nature of the lesions and its relation to surgical treatment, I will relate
Native low density lipoprotein-induced calcium transients trigger VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression in cultured human vascular endothelial cells.
Authors: S Allen, S Khan, F Al-Mohanna, P Batten, M Yacoub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) interactions with the endothelium are thought to play a major role in the development of atherosclerosis. The mechanism(s) involved are not fully understood, although several lines of evidence support the idea that oxidation of LDL increases its atherogenicity. In this study we report for the first time that native LDL (n-LDL) binding to the LDL receptor (100-700 mug/ml) triggers a rise in intracellular calcium which acts as a second messenger to induce vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in human coronary artery (HCAEC) and pig aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) and VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression in human aortic (HAEC) endothelial cells. Preincubation of HCAEC with a monoclonal antibody (IgGC7) to the classical LDL receptor or pretreatment with pertussis toxin blocked the n-LDL-induced calcium transients. Preincubation of each of the endothelial cell lines with the calcium chelator 1,-2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N', N'-tetraacetic acetomethyl ester (BAPTA/AM) prevented the expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin. The increase in VCAM-1 by n-LDL results in increased monocyte binding to HCAEC which can be attenuated by inhibiting the intracellular calcium rise or by blocking the VCAM-1 binding sites. These studies in human and pig endothelial cells link calcium signaling conferred by n-LDL to mechanisms controlling the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules involved in atherogenesis.
Small Subgroup of Aggressive, Highly Proliferative Prostatic Carcinomas Defined by p53 Accumulation
Authors: T. Visakorpi, O.-P. Kallioniemi, A. Heikkinen, T. Koivula, J. Isola
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Background : Mutations in the p53 gene resulting in the accumulation of altered p53 proteins with prolonged half-life have been found in a large variety of human malignancies. Purpose : We studied the significance of p53 protein accumulation in prostatic carcinoma. Methods : The material consisted of 137 paraffin-embedded, primary prostatic carcinomas. Accumulation of p53 protein was studied by immunohistochemical staining using a polyclonal p53-specific CM-1 antibody. Proliferation activity was determined by DNA flow cytometry and by immunohistochemical detection of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) using a monoclonal PC10 antibody. Results : Eight (6%) of the tumors showed intense p53 staining in more than 20% of the tumor cells, 15 (11%) had only lower level immunoreactivity, and 114 (83%) showed no staining. High-level p53 accumulation was associated with high histologic grade ( P >.001), DNA aneuploidy ( P >.05), and high cell profieration rate as defined by flow cytometric S-phase analysis ( p >.01) or PCNA expression ( P >.01). High-level p53 accumulation predicted short, progression-free interval ( P >.01) and poor survival ( P >.01), with about a 12-fold relative risk of deatha as compared with p53-negative cases. Low-level p53 accumulation had no prognostic significance. Conclusions: Accumulation of p53 confers proliferative advantage for prostatic carcinoma cells and defines a small subgroup of highly malignant carcinomas. (J Natl Cancer Inst 84:883–887, 1992]
Migraine. I. Classification and pathogenesis
Authors: J. R. Saper
Journal: JAMA (1978)

MIGRAINE is a common yet poorly understood disorder. Although prevalence estimates vary considerably, a recent survey<sup>1</sup>suggests that as many as 15% to 19% of men and 25% to 29% of women may experience a migraine attack during their lifetime. Despite migraine's prevalence and long history in the annals of recorded medicine, this condition has succeeded in defying a firm understanding of its pathogenesis, an objective method of establishing a diagnosis, or a consistently reliable therapy. In 1962, attempting to encourage uniformity in the diagnosis of chronic headache conditions, the Ad Hoc Committee on Classification of Headache<sup>2</sup>proposed guidelines for the diagnosis of migraine as well as other headache disorders. Despite the wellintended effort, many researchers as well as independent clinicians persist in establishing the diagnosis of headache conditions with considerable arbitrariness and inconsistency. A glaring example of this problem can be illustrated by examining the misunderstanding that
CIRG/TORI 010: 10-Month Analysis of a Randomized Phase II Trial of Motesanib Plus Weekly Paclitaxel as First Line Therapy in HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC).
Authors: J. Mackey, S. Hurvitz, J. Crown, J. Forbes, H. Roché, T. Pinter, W. Eiermann, M. Kennedy, F. Priou, L. Provencher, E. Adrover, T. Pienkowski, V. Houé, M. Rupin, M. Martin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: We assessed, in a double-blinded placebo-controlled trial, the effect of adding motesanib (M), a small molecule antagonist of VEGF, PDGF and Kit receptors, to paclitaxel (P) as first line treatment of subjects with MBC. A P plus bevacizumab (B) open-label arm was included. The study was supported by Amgen Inc.Methods: 282 subjects with HER2-negative and measurable MBC were randomly assigned treatment with P 90mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15 in combination with blinded placebo (Arm A), blinded M 125mg once daily (Arm B) or open-label B 10mg/kg on days 1 and 15 (Arm C). Treatment was administered in 28-day cycles until disease progression, toxicity or consent withdrawal. The primary objective was to compare objective response rate (ORR: CR or PR) between Arm A and B. Treatment efficacy was assessed every 8 weeks according to RECIST version 1.0 and scans were centrally reviewed.Results: 277 subjects received study treatment. Subject characteristics at entry were balanced: median age was 55, 80% had hormone receptor positive tumors and 66% had received adjuvant chemotherapy. At this analysis, 10 months after last enrolled subject, 235 subjects had completed treatment (median duration: 6 cycles). The median cumulative dose of P was similar across the arms: 1530, 1455 and 1652 mg/m2 in Arms A, B and C, respectively. Subjects received a median cumulative dose of 179 mg/kg of B (Arm C) and a median daily dose of 111 mg of M (Arm B). The table displays the efficacy results and relevant differences in toxicity incidences:More adverse events were reported in Arm B compared to the other arms, mainly grade 3 and 4 gastrointestinal toxicities, hepatobiliary toxicities and hypertension. Infections and stomatitis were more frequently reported in Arm C. Venous thrombo-embolic events were similar across all three arms. Among serious hepatobiliary disorders, 5 subjects experienced serious cholecystitis or gallbladder enlargement: 4 of them were managed by surgery and 4 subjects could resume study treatment.The ORR favored Arms B and C as compared to Arm A, with 49%, 52% and 41% respectively but the difference between Arm A and B was not statistically significant (p=.31, adjusting for stratification factors). Stable disease lasting at least 24 weeks was reported for 34%, 36% and 33% of subject in Arms A, B and C respectively. The Progression-Free Survival (PFS) did not significantly differ between the three arms.Conclusion: The antitumor effect of P and M is comparable to P and B as treatment of subjects with HER2-negative MBC but P and M increases toxicities compared to the other arms. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 47.