tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CASE OF PARAKERATOSIS VARIEGATA
Authors: Sir MALCOLM MORRIS, S. ERNEST DORE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1910)

History of present aoiidition.-l'hepatient is a man, aged 50 years.The first thing he noticed was a roughness and scaling of the arms and legs about eight years ago.Two years later the skin became red in patches, and sore, and some of the patches became covered with scales.The eruption has remained with very little &Iteration until the present time, bnt since two years ago, when it was at its worst, there has been a little improvement.With the exception of the fact that he is "gouty," and that he has always had a bad circulation, having suffered severely from chilblains as a boy, he cannot suggest any cause for his complaint.He has also been subject to attacks of rheumatic pains, but has never been laid up by serious illness.He had one severe attack of gout affeotisg the heel.He has a mother living, and in good health, and his father died recently at the age of eighty-four.Three sisters and one brother are alive and well.Present condition.-Theeruption is roughly symmetrical in distribution, and is present on the upper arms, chiefly on the outer aspects, on the forearms, where the flexor surfaces are principally affected, on the upper and inner aspects of the thighs, to a slighter degree on the back of the thighs and outer part of the buttocks, and very
The Nuclear Utility in the Community (NUC) study: myocardial perfusion imaging predicts clinical outcomes in a community-based outpatient practice
Authors: Gregory S. Thomas, Michael I. Miyamoto, Christine S. Hayashida, Arthur P. Morello, Haresh Majmundar, Melyssa M. Payne, Joshua T. Ondatje, Jennifer J. Thomas, Leslee J. Shaw, Rory Hachamovitch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
In Vivo MRI Visualization of Acute Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion in Ferrets by the Persistent Action of the Contrast Agent Gd(BME-DTTA)
Authors: Tamás Simor, Wen-Jang Chu, Lynne Johnson, Andras Safranko, Mark Doyle, Gerald M. Pohost, Gabriel A. Elgavish
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Contrast agent–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to visualize myocardial ischemia. To date, however, no agent has been found that has a sustained effect that allows MRI detection for the entire duration of ischemia and reperfusion and thus is useful in conjunction with stress test MRI. In this article, we introduce the gadolinium complex of N 3 , N 6 -bis(2′-myristoyloxyethyl)-1,8-dioxo-triethylene-tetraamine- N , N , N ′, N ′-tetraacetic acid [Gd(BME-DTTA)], an agent potentially useful for such a purpose. Methods and Results Four protocols were carried out. ECG-triggered, partially T1-weighted, spin-echo MRI was used in protocols A through C. In protocol A, in nonischemic ferrets, 50 μmol/kg Gd(BME-DTTA) induced a 70±5% intensity enhancement lasting 3 hours. In protocol B, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded, and a 99m Tc-sestamibi–induced autoradiographic contrast verified ( r =.87, P &lt;.01) a Gd(BME-DTTA)-induced (n=5) or Gd(DTPA)- induced (n=4) MRI contrast. In the Gd(BME-DTTA) group a sustained contrast and in the Gd(DTPA) group a short-lived contrast were observed. In protocol C (n=11), during ischemia, a 31±3.3% ( P &lt;.02) contrast was evident between the ischemic and nonischemic myocardial regions. Upon reperfusion, a contrast of 19±3% ( P &lt;.05) and 13±4.5% ( P &lt;.05) persisted for 5 and 15 minutes, respectively. Beyond 15 minutes, the contrast continued to diminish gradually. Nonradioactive microspheres verified ( r =.87, P &lt;.05) ischemia and reperfusion in this model. In protocol D (n=4), blood ΔR1 data showed that the blood pool retained Gd(BME-DTTA) for the entire time frame of the experiment at high enough concentration to provide an appropriate wash-in effect during the initial contrast enhancement and during reperfusion. Conclusions This study demonstrates that Gd(BME-DTTA) induces a sustained MRI contrast between regions of normal versus ischemic myocardium, showing the potential of this agent for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in conjunction with stress tests.
Acquisition of susceptibility to hepatitis C virus replication in HepG2 cells by fusion with primary human hepatocytes: Establishment of a quantitative assay for hepatitis C virus infectivity in a cell culture system
Authors: Takayoshi Ito, Kotaro Yasui, Jun Mukaigawa, Asao Katsume, Michinori Kohara, Keiji Mitamura
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicates in human and chimpanzee hepatocytes. To characterize the nature of HCV and evaluate antiviral agents, the development of an HCV replication system in a cell culture is essential. We developed a cell line derived from human hepatocytes by fusing them with a hepatoblastoma cell line, HepG2, and obtained several clones. When we tested the clones for their ability to support HCV replication by nested RT-PCR, we found 1 clone (IMY-N9) that was more susceptible to HCV replication than HepG2. The negative-strand HCV RNA was detected in IMY-N9 by strand-specific RT-PCR, and viral RNA was identified in culture supernatant during the culture. Then we monitored HCV RNA titers in IMY-N9 and HepG2, respectively, by real-time detection PCR throughout the culture. A significant increase in the HCV RNA titer was observed only in IMY-N9. Serial passages of HCV culture supernatant were shown in the culture system. Furthermore, we tested several infectious materials for viral infectivity by monitoring HCV RNA titers and/or 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID 50 ) of HCV on IMY-N9. In each material, HCV showed various growth patterns and a different TCID 50 even though the PCR titer in each material was identical. The results showed that HCV in each material served various growth patterns and different TCID 50 even though PCR titer in each material was identical. This cell line is useful for estimating viral activity and for studying cellular factors that may be necessary to HCV replication in human hepatocytes. (Hepatology 2001;34:566-572.)
Abstract 1474: Integrated microRNA network analyses identify a poor prognosis subtype of gastric cancer characterized by the miR-200 family
Authors: Fengju Song, Kexin Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Our aim was to investigate whether microRNAs can predict the clinical outcome of patients with gastric cancer (GC). We used integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles to identify GC microRNA subtypes and their underlying regulatory scenarios. Experimental Design: MicroRNA-based GC subtypes were identified by consensus clustering analysis of microRNA profiles of 90 GC tissues. Activated pathways in the subtypes were identified by gene expression profiles. Further integrated analysis was performed to model a microRNA regulatory network for each subtype. RNA and protein expression were analyzed by RT-PCR and tissue microarray, respectively, in a cohort of 385 GC cases (including the 90 cases for profiling) to validate the key microRNAs and targets in the network. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to further validate the findings. Results: MicroRNA profiles of 90 GC cases identified two microRNA subtypes significantly associated with survival. The poor-prognosis GC microRNA subtype was characterized by overexpression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. This GC “mesenchymal subtype” was further validated in a patient cohort comprising 385 cases. Integrated analysis identified a key microRNA regulatory network likely driving the GC mesenchymal subtype. Three of the microRNAs (miR-200c, miR-200b, and miR-125b) targeting the most genes in the network were significantly associated with survival. Functional experiments demonstrated that miR-200b suppressed ZEB1, augmented E-cadherin, inhibited cell migration, and suppressed tumor growth in a mouse model. Conclusions: We have uncovered a key microRNA regulatory network that defines the mesenchymal GC subtype significantly associated with poor overall survival in GC. Citation Format: Fengju Song, Kexin Chen. Integrated microRNA network analyses identify a poor prognosis subtype of gastric cancer characterized by the miR-200 family. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1474. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1474
Foundation Drives Research Agenda for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Karyn Hede
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Atlas project in December, the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation's leaders already knew that their disease would be far down its list of priorities.After all, the relatively rare cancer accounts for only 1% of cancer diagnoses, with about 16,000 new cases each year.So the Connecticut-based MMRF isn't waiting for the federal agencies.It is ahead of the curve, funding its own $6 million, 3-year initiative to map the multiple myeloma genome.The foundation is setting its own agenda, having already created a consortium of 11 collaborating institutions called the Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium, including powerhouse research centers like the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the Mayo Clinic, and the University of Chicago.They also created a tissue bank with hundreds of bone marrow and matching peripheral blood samples." We were fi nding we weren't making progress as quickly as we wanted to and that we really did need to take a more proactive stance as opposed to just funding the best (grant proposals) that we received, " said
The γ-Glutamyl Cycle and Amino Acid Transport
Authors: Lars Hagenfeldt, Agne Larsson, Roger Andersson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Medical Intelligence from The New England Journal of Medicine — The γ-Glutamyl Cycle and Amino Acid Transport — Studies of Free Amino Acids, γ-Glutamyl-Cysteine and Glutathione in Erythrocytes from Patients with 5-Oxoprolinuria (Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency)
A CASE OF POSSIBLE THIRD INFECTION WITH SYPHILIS
Authors: Loyd Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Since the advent of the intensive methods of treating syphilis, reports of second infection with this disease have been of comparative frequency. However, no report of a third infection has come to my notice, and a search of the available literature has failed to find such a report. Therefore this case seems of interest. A. J., a man, aged 32, first consulted me, April 25, 1916, complaining of a sore on the penis. The family and past history, with the exception of the venereal history, were unimportant. He stated that he had had a sore on the penis in 1911, which was diagnosed clinically as a syphilitic chrancre and for which he received one intramuscular injection of arsphenamin. He denied any further evidences of or treatment for syphilis. Examination revealed an eroded, circular lesion about 1 cm. in diameter on the dorsum of the penis about 2 or 3 cm.
Cyclosporin A inhibits keratinocyte cytokine gene expression
Authors: YOUNG-HO WON, D.N. SAUDER, R.C. MCKENZIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Summary The immunosuppressive peptide cyclosporin A (CyA) is an extremely effective therapy for severe recalcitrant psoriasis, although its mechanism of action is unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of CyA on keratinocyte growth and cytokine expression, and showed that CyA inhibits the growth of murine and human keratinocytes (KC) and KC cell lines. In addition, CyA inhibits the expression of cytokine genes in a dose-dependent fashion. After 2 days' incubation with 20 μM CyA, interleukin-lα (IL- α), interleukin-1β (IL-l β), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) mRNA were decreased by 4-fold, 3·3-fold and 3·3-fold, respectively, in COLO-16, a keratinocyte cell line. IL-1 biological activity recovered from COLO-16 culture supernatants decreased to one-fifth of that of controls. In the murine KC cell line PAM 212, 10 μ CyA treatment for 2 days downregulated IL-1α, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1 receptor by 60%, but had no effect on the message for interleukin 3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), ornithine decarboxylase and β-actin. Cells cultured for 5 days in the presence of CyA required much lower concentrations (2 μM) to achieve the same degree of inhibition of IL-1α. Similar tissue concentrations of CyA have been reported in psoriatics undergoing CyA therapy. The inhibition of KC growth caused by CyA treatment could be partially overcome by the addition of 0·l–1·0 ng/ml of recombinant IL-1α simultaneously with CyA, suggesting that the growth inhibitory effect of CyA on KC cultures is due in part to loss of autocrine cytokine stimulation. Collectively, these data suggest that CyA may exert some of its therapeutic effects in psoriasis by inhibiting the release of KC cytokines, so terminating epidermal hyperproliferation. As some of these cytokines (IL-1, IL-8 and TNF-α) are chemotactic for leucocytes, or induce endothelial adhesion molecules, infiltration and inflammation may also be reduced by their inhibition.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in erythropoietic protoporphyria
Authors: S.A. Holme, A.V. Anstey, M.N. Badminton, G.H. Elder
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Vitamin D, produced by the action of sunlight on skin, is an important hormone for calcium homeostasis and has been implicated as tumour-protective agent. Some previous studies of photosensitive patients who actively avoid sunlight have failed to show convincing evidence of vitamin D insufficiency.The aim of this study was to characterize the vitamin D status of a large cohort of patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP).U.K. patients with EPP were recruited prospectively and seen locally by a single study investigator. A blood sample was taken for vitamin D assay. All blood analyses were performed in the same laboratory.A cohort of 201 patients with known EPP was seen over a 7-month period between January and July. Thirty-four patients (17%) were deficient in vitamin D and 126 (63%) had insufficient vitamin D. Both insufficiency and deficiency were significantly associated with the total erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration and inversely with the time in minutes to the onset of symptoms following sunlight exposure.This is the first report of significant levels of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in a large cohort of patients with a photodermatosis. Such individuals are at risk of associated adverse events. In future, clinicians should consider monitoring 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and instigating oral supplementation or dietary advice if appropriate.
IgE enhances clearance of Trichinella spiralis and regulates mast cell responses in mice*1
Authors: M. Gurish, P.J. Bryce, H. Tao, A.B. Kisselgof, E.M. Thornton, H.R. Miller, D.S. Friend, H.C. Oettgen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Osteopaths Using the Title MD
Authors: Vicki R. Greenfield
Journal: JAMA (1983)

IN ALL 50 states and the District of Columbia, osteopathic physicians are licensed to practice medicine and surgery. However, some osteopaths have asserted that the term "osteopathy" is unfamiliar to the public, making it more difficult for an osteopath to become established in a community. Therefore, some osteopaths have used the degree designation "MD" after their name rather than the degree designation "DO"—a practice that has met with opposition from certain state boards of medical examiners. Such was the case in<i>Maceluch v Wysong</i>, 680 F2d 1063 (5th Cir 1983), and<i>Eatough v Albano</i>, 673 F2d 671 (3d Cir),<i>cert denied</i>, 102 SCt 2931 (1982). In the<i>Maceluch</i>case, two physicians who graduated from colleges of osteopathy sued officers and various members of the Texas State Board of Medical Examiners because the board declined to issue the osteopaths licenses bearing the initials "MD." Neither the Texas Osteopathic Association nor the
Letter to the editor: Synergistic effect of recombinant human erythropoietin and phorbol diester in platelet production by the human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line (MEG‐01)
Authors: Nobutaka Imamura, Deodatus M. Mtasiwa, Tominari Inada, Atsushi Kuramoto, Michinori Ogura, Hidehiko Saito
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)
685 IMMUNIZATION AGAINST HEPATITIS C VIRUS USING A PEPTIDE FROM NS3 PROTEIN LINKED TO MODULINS DERIVED FROM STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS
Authors: M. Durantez, C. Fayole, N. Casares, V. Belsue, J.I. Riezu-Boj, P. Sarobe, J. Prieto, F. Borrás-Cuesta, C. Leclerc, J.J. Lasarte
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Abstract 348: Analysis of somatic hypermutations in IGHV genes from Hairy Cell Leukemia Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain rearrangements
Authors: Evgeny Arons, Tara Suntum, Laura Roth, Jeffrey Sapolsky, Robert J. Kreitman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The B-cell receptors of malignant B-cells each contain a monoclonal immunoglobulin sequence which may be relevant for both prognosis and cell of origin. The character of somatic hypermutations (SHM) has been studied to predict whether antigen contacted the B-cell prior to its malignant transformation, or at least whether the SHMs observed are ‘canonical’, or consistent with those expected from mutation machinery used for antigen-driven SHM. Hairy cell leukemia B-cell receptors have previously been evaluated for gene usage and homology to germline sequence, but detection of canonical SHMs was not previously possible because of the limited number of HCL rearrangements. To compare HCL with CLL and normal B-cells, somatic hypermutation (SHM) features in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were examined in a series of 130 immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) rearrangements, including 102 from 100 classic (HCLc) and 28 from 26 variant (HCLv) patients. The frequency of unmutated rearrangements in HCLc was much lower than that in HCLv (18% vs 54%, p=0.0003) or historically in CLL (18% vs 46%, p=9×10-9), but HCLv and CLL were similar (p=0.45). As previously reported for CLL, evidence of canonical SHM was observed in HCLc rearrangements including 1) a higher ratio of replacement to silent mutations (R/S ratio) in the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) than framework regions (FRs) (2.83 vs 1.40, p &amp;lt; 0.0001), 2) higher than random transition to transversion ratio (1.48 vs 0.5, p=7 × 10-39), and 3) higher than random percentage of mutations located in RGYW hot spots (13.88% vs 3.31%, p=1.5×10-44). HCLv met these 3 criteria of canonical SHM to a lesser extent (p=0.067, p=8×10-6 and p=0.0001, respectively). In comparing HCLv with HCLc directly, HCLv showed 1) a trend for lower R/S ratios in the CDRs (p=0.07), 2) lower transition to transversion ratio (p=0.045), and 3) lower percent of mutations in RGYW hot spots (p=0.03). In comparing HCLv and HCLc with respect to specific immunoglobulin variable heavy chain (IGHV) families, it was noted that 1) R/S ratio trended lower for HCLv IGHV4 CDRs compared to HCLc IGHV4 CDRs (p=0.064) and 2) transition to transversion ratio was lower for HCLv IGHV3 compared to HCLc IGHV3 (p=0.0013). Thus HCLc rearrangements exhibited canonical SHM similarly to CLL and normal B-cells, and significantly more than HCLv rearrangements, suggesting that malignant cells from HCLc patients may have recognized antigen prior malignant transformation, and that in some HCLv patients the malignant cells may originate by a different pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 348. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-348
Michael John Garrett
Authors: P. Garrett
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant radiotherapist Liverpool Regional Radiotherapy Centre (b Galway 1924; q National University of Ireland, Galway, 1947; MD, FRCR, FFR RCSI), died from small vessel stroke disease on 10 February 2003.

Michael left Ireland to train in radiotherapy at the Christie Holt Radium Institute in Manchester. After posts in Newcastle and Liverpool he was appointed consultant to the Liverpool Regional Radiotherapy Service, later becoming director. His talent for concise communication led to frequent lectures and extensive publication on lymphoma and techniques in radiotherapy. He played rugby and rowed in his youth. He leaves a wife, Martina, and four children.
Medical Malpractice and the Tort System
Authors: Basil R. Meyerowitz
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I feel that Mr Jacobson's scholarly article<sup>1</sup>deserves some comments. The legal profession has repeatedly pointed a finger at physicians for not policing their colleagues lately. He states that "in the absence of effective sanctions from the medical profession, the tort system is likely to remain the dominant mechanism for monitoring injury prevention." As a former chief of staff of a large community hospital, I have had considerable experience with monitoring the behavior of my colleagues. There is not a single medical staff organization that is not fully cognizant of the difficulties inherent in trying to discipline an errant colleague. The legal profession is ready, willing, and able to come to the support of anyone who is considered by a unanimous group of physicians to be less than up to par. There have been innumerable court cases where physicians have successfully sued the hospital and the
On the Treatment of Intrauterine Polypi
Authors: G. H. Kidd
Journal: BMJ (1869)

nonsense " about the Lariboisi&re Hospital, of Paris; whilst in any- thing I have written on the present subject I have never even mentioned or alluded to the Lariboisiere till now.But Mr. Holmes has described it in his report as one of the largest hospitals, and " the mode? of the Pavilion system "-very badly, however, because artificially, ventilated.In the year i86i he and Dr. Bristowe show in their table that I9 limb amputations were performed in that hospital.Of these I9 patients, 4 recovered and 15 died; certainly an astounding mortality, the more so when we consider that no money was spared by the French Government in the erection of this magnificent palatial hospital, and that each of its 6oo beds was calculated to have cost upwards of g6oo.
Concentration of Myo-inositol in Skeletal Muscle of the Rat Occurs without Active Transport
Authors: Bruce A. Molitoris, Irene E. Karl, William H. Daughaday
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The cellular uptake of nonphosphorylated myo-inositol (MI) and its incorporation into phosphoinositide in the rat epitrochlearis muscle was measured. Cellular uptake of [2-(3)H]MI was determined by the difference between total uptake and [2-(3)H]MI present in the extracellular fluid determined with [1-(14)C]mannitol. Cellular uptake was parabolic and directly proportional to medium MI concentrations between 25 and 3,200 muM. Saturation of a MI carrier was not evident. Moreover, uptake was not inhibited by 2 mM ouabain, 0.3 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol, or 22 mM glucose. Insulin, 100 mU/ml, was without effect on either cellular uptake of [2-(3)H]MI or its incorporation into phosphoinositides. In muscles that were preloaded with [2-(3)H]MI and then incubated in media that contained a constant amount of MI but no [2-(3)H]MI, 44.3% of the [2-(3)H]MI was released after 10 min increasing to 62.5% by 120 min. Cellular MI concentrations were 0.18 mumol/g wet tissue (four times plasma levels) in rapidly isolated and frozen epitrochlearis muscle. When muscle was incubated without MI, 48% of endogenous MI was lost rapidly. Restoration of cellular MI in 50 muM MI media occurred in two phases, a rapid uptake phase lasting 10 min and a subsequent slow phase of MI uptake. It is concluded that MI enters and leaves skeletal muscle cells freely by a process that does not involve active transport. Neither insulin nor hyperglycemia affected MI transport nor its incorporation into phosphoinositides. The intracellular to medium concentration gradient may be dependent on reversible binding to tubulin and possibly to other intracellular components.