tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ascorbic acid and melanogenesis
Authors: A.V. RATNAM, P. BRAHMAYYA SASTRY, B.V. SATYANARAYANA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

The ascorbic acid contents of skin, plasma and urine were estimated in 12 vitiligo cases, one albino and 10 normal subjects. All the estimations were repeated after saturation with ascorbic acid. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to the ascorbic acid contents of their plasma or urine. The ascorbic acid level of vitiliginous skin was decreased; however, this difference just falls short of significance at the level P = 0-05. Further investigations with a larger group of patients are indicated.
DISTRIBUTION OF HOSPITALS IN LONDON
Authors: R. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1903)

Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release is critical for the central regulation of fertility. There is no method allowing real-time GnRH detection in brain slices. We developed fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) using carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFME) to detect GnRH release and validated it using a biologically relevant system. FSCV parameters (holding potential, switching potential, and scan rate) were determined for stable GnRH detection <i>in vitro</i>, then optimized for GnRH detection in mouse brain slices. Placement of CFMEs in the median eminence (ME) near GnRH terminals allowed detection of both KCl-evoked and spontaneous GnRH release. GnRH release was also detected from GnRH fibers passing near GnRH soma and near fiber–fiber appositions in the preoptic area. No GnRH signal was detected from CFMEs in the ME of <i>hpg</i> mice, which lack GnRH, or in regions not containing GnRH neurons in wild-type mice; application of exogenous GnRH produced a signal similar to that observed for spontaneous/evoked endogenous GnRH release. Using an established mouse model that produces diurnal variations in GnRH neuron activity, we demonstrated corresponding changes in spontaneous GnRH release in the median eminence. These results validate FSCV to detect GnRH in brain slices and provide new information on the sites and amounts of GnRH release, providing insight into its neuromodulatory functions.
The general surgeon who cares for children.
Authors: P F Jones
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Throughout this century it has been the custom in Great Britain for most children with surgical diseases and abnormalities to be treated by surgeons who spend much of their time caring for adults. Until recent years several major children's hospitals recruited their surgical staff from the surgeons of the neighbouring teaching hospitals, and in this way the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Edinburgh was served by a succession of outstanding general surgeons, Sir Harold Stiles, Sir John Fraser, and Norman Dott among them.1 James Mason Brown took an unusual and difficult step when, in 1946, he chose to become the first surgeon to the hospital to devote the whole of the remainder of his career to the care of children. He had to put aside the reputation he had established in the Royal Army Medical Corps, in the Mediterranean, as a vascular surgeon, and it must be remembered that in 1946 the establishment of a National Health Service was still the subject of keen debate. Neonatal surgery, which was to become so large an element of the paediatric surgeon's work, was still in its infancy. Forty years later, the value of regional paediatric surgical units, and of the surgeons who work solely within them, is established. It would be difficult, however, for all the children who require surgical help to be treated in regional paediatric surgical units. If they were it would mean, for example, that Birmingham Children's Hospital would be responsible for over 300 Ramstedt operations and 1500 orchidopexies every year. The practicality of such a concentration of work is doubtful. It seems more sensible to continue the present arrangement whereby 75-80% of all surgery performed in the NHS on infants and children is carried out close to their homes, in district general hospitals where there are already medical paediatric units and the surgeon can collaborate closely with the paediatrician and with nurses orientated to the care of children.
Nanoparticle Delivery to Stents
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Humble Therapeutic Beginnings for a Noble Metal
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1979)

"It remains the last of the heavy metals in common clinical use," states a<i>British Medical Journal</i>"leader" (1:289-290, 1979) in a review of gold in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Were it not for the qualifications of "common" and "clinical," the statement would be incorrect. Another heavy metal, platinum, is entering the therapeutic arena for use in the treatment of various malignant lesions. As in many other medical discoveries, serendipity played a part in the discovery of the therapeutic potential of platinum. In 1965 Rosenberg and associates<sup>1</sup>noted that discharge from a platinum electrode through a nutrient broth inhibited the replication of<i>Escherichia coli</i>. Since then many platinum compounds have been tested for antitumor action. Of these,<i>cis</i>-diamminedichloroplatinum proved to be the most effective. In addition to antineoplastic action, the biologic effects of<i>cis</i>-diamminedichloroplatinum include antimicrobial, mutagenic, and immunosuppressive properties. Its mechanism of action, although incompletely
Prognostic and Prediction Tools in Bladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Luis A. Kluth, Peter C. Black, Bernard H. Bochner, James Catto, Seth P. Lerner, Arnulf Stenzl, Richard Sylvester, Andrew J. Vickers, Evanguelos Xylinas, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Evidence of overdiagnosis
Authors: B. Junod, R. M. Kaplan, P. Foucras, D. Dupagne, P. Nicot
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Sandblom and colleagues’ paper compared the case fatality rate of prostate cancer between men randomly assigned to screening and those who were not invited for screening.1 A more reliable outcome of such a randomised controlled trial is the difference of mortality as a result of prostate cancer between intervention …
The soluble CD40 ligand sCD154 in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kazunori Kato, Ernesto Santana-Sahagún, Laura Z. Rassenti, Michael H. Weisman, Naoto Tamura, Shigeto Kobayashi, Hiroshi Hashimoto, Thomas J. Kipps
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

We found that the plasma of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) could induce a human B-cell line (Ramos) to express high levels of immune accessory molecules that are commonly found on blood B cells of patients with active SLE. The ability of SLE plasma to induce such phenotypic changes could be abrogated by neutralizing antibodies specific for the CD40 ligand (CD154) but not by antibodies to TNF-α. Immunoprecipitation studies with anti-CD154 identified a 20-kDa protein in the plasma of SLE patients with active disease, but not in plasma of normal donors, indicating that such plasma contained soluble CD154 (sCD154). Using a quantitative ELISA method, we found that the plasma of patients with active disease had levels of sCD154 that were significantly higher than those found in plasma of normal donors. Levels of CD154 transcripts in SLE blood lymphocytes correlated with the relative concentrations of sCD154 found in SLE plasma. Furthermore, plasma levels of sCD154 correlated with the titers of anti–double-stranded DNA autoantibody and with clinical disease activity. These studies indicate that sCD154 of patients with SLE may act as a functional ligand for CD40 that is associated with SLE disease activity.
Genomic characterization implicates iAMP21 as a likely primary genetic event in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Vikki Rand, Helen Parker, Lisa J. Russell, Claire Schwab, Hannah Ensor, Julie Irving, Lisa Jones, Dino Masic, Lynne Minto, Heather Morrison, Sarra Ryan, Hazel Robinson, Paul Sinclair, Anthony V. Moorman, Jonathan C. Strefford, Christine J. Harrison
Journal: Blood (2011)
More on the GUSTO Trial
Authors: Ben M. Lomaestro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 November 1994More on the GUSTO TrialBen M. LomaestroBen M. LomaestroSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-10-199411150-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recently published GUSTO results [1] led our department of cardiology to request that streptokinase no longer be designated as the formulary-approved thrombolytic agent of choice (with tPA reserved for patients with contraindications to streptokinase). The reduced mortality associated with tPA compared with that of streptokinase in the GUSTO investigation appeared to be related to the aggressive dosing method and the time from the onset of chest pain. The Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee mandated a 6-month audit (done between 1 October 1993 and 31 March 1994) of all lytic therapy at our institution to establish the standard ...References1. The GUSTO Investigators. An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329:673-82. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMedication errors: considerations for nurse prescribersEvidence-based medicine 15 November 1994Volume 121, Issue 10Page: 818-820KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionBody weightDrug therapyEmergency departmentHeparinIschemiaMortalityStandard deviationTissue plasminogen activatorTriage Issue Published: 15 November 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
To Live and To Die: When, Why, and How
Authors: John Bruce Moore
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Dr. Williams concludes that "In my judgment, the answer to the question 'When should one live or die?' depends upon the balance of the advantages and disadvantages of living or dying to the individual, his friends and relatives, and society." Most readers will be able to offer an interpretation of what counts as an advantage and what counts as a disadvantage, which will permit them to agree with Dr. Williams' answer. The major premise that leads to his conclusion is that the "ultimate supreme function of the body is mentation; all portions of the body are subservient to it." The discussions of the relations between the body and mentation and vice-versa, and the argument offered for the premise, are informed medically but philosophically naive. Between the premise and the conclusion falls the bulk of the book. The plan is to review synoptically a variety of factors germane to whether life
Abstract 4626: Chamomile confers protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity through activation of Nrf2-mediated defense response
Authors: Natarajan Bhaskaran, Sanjeev Shukla, Sanjay Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cellular damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes aging and remains major factor in the development of various human diseases including diabetes, liver diseases, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, including cancer. Dietary antioxidants have been considered as an attractive strategy to prevent or attenuate the progression of diseases caused by oxidative stress. Induction of phase 2 detoxifying enzymes in response to naturally occurring agents provides an effective means of protection against oxidative stress. Aqueous extract of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) in the form of tea has been used for centuries to treat various inflammatory conditions supporting its traditional use for treating various human ailments. We used aqueous chamomile extract obtained from dried flowers to investigate its effect on Nrf2 activation and induction of phase 2 enzymes in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and H2O2 as an agent for oxidative stress. Treatment with 50 µM H2O2 for 6 h caused significant increase in cellular stress accompanied by cell death in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages as evident from light microscopy and annexin-V FITC assay. Pre-treatment with chamomile at 10, 20 and 40 µg for 16 h followed by H2O2 treatment protected cell death caused by excessive ROS generation and prevented H2O2-mediated inhibition of cell growth. Chamomile exposure significantly increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes viz. peroxiredoxin (Prx), thioredoxin (Trx) and heme oxygenase (HO-1) in a dose-dependent manner, compared with their respective controls. Furthermore, chamomile exposure to RAW 264.7 murine macrophages increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 with increased phosphorylated Nrf2 levels, and it's binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the nucleus. These data provide evidence that chamomile induces the expression of cytoprotective antioxidant enzyme (HO-1) and other redox regulatory enzymes (Prx and Trx) in response to the nuclear translocation of a key redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 from the cytoplasm and provide protection from cytotoxicity caused by inflammatory oxidants. Understanding chamomile-mediated molecular events could play a potentially important role in setting up strategies for prevention and treatment of various human diseases including cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4626. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4626
Plasma CD14 decreases monocyte responses to LPS by transferring cell-bound LPS to plasma lipoproteins
Authors: Richard L. Kitchens, Patricia A. Thompson, Suganya Viriyakosol, Grant E. O’Keefe, Robert S. Munford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

CD14, a myeloid cell-surface receptor and soluble plasma protein, binds LPS and other microbial molecules and initiates the innate immune response to bacterial invasion. The blood concentration of soluble CD14 (sCD14) increases during the systemic response to infection. Although high sCD14 blood levels have correlated with increased risk of dying from severe sepsis, sCD14 can diminish cell responses to LPS. We show here that in human serum, sCD14 increases the rate at which cell-bound LPS is released from the monocyte surface and binds to plasma lipoproteins. This enhanced rate of LPS efflux is associated with a significant reduction in the ability of monocytes to produce cytokines in response to LPS. Serum from septic patients reduced the LPS-monocyte interaction by as much as tenfold, and depletion of sCD14 from the serum restored LPS-monocyte binding and release kinetics to near normal levels. In serum from septic patients, monocyte-bound LPS also moved more rapidly into lipoproteins, which completely neutralized the biologic activity of the LPS that bound to them. In human plasma, sCD14 thus diminishes monocyte responses to LPS by transferring cell-bound LPS to lipoproteins. Stress-related increases in plasma sCD14 levels may help prevent inflammatory responses within the blood.
Hemodynamic Effects of Pargyline in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: GADDO ONESTI, PAUL NOVACK, OSVALDO RAMIREZ, ALBERT N. BREST, JOHN H. MOYER
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Pargyline exerts its antihypertensive effect via a predominant reduction in peripheral vascular resistance, whereas cardiac output is not altered significantly. The effect on renal blood flow is inconsistent, but a significant reduction in glomerular filtration rate does occur. Therefore the drug should be used with appropriate caution in patients with significant impairment of renal function. The hemodynamic response observed with pargyline is similar to that obtained with other MAO inhibitors.
Respiratory allergy caused by house dust mites: What do we really know?
Authors: Moisés A. Calderón, Allan Linneberg, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Frédéric De Blay, Dolores Hernandez Fernandez de Rojas, Johann Christian Virchow, Pascal Demoly
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)

The house dust mite (HDM) is a major perennial allergen source and a significant cause of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. However, awareness of the condition remains generally low. This review assesses the links between exposure to HDM, development of the allergic response, and pathologic consequences in patients with respiratory allergic diseases. We investigate the epidemiology of HDM allergy to explore the interaction between mites and human subjects at the population, individual, and molecular levels. Core and recent publications were identified by using "house dust mite" as a key search term to evaluate the current knowledge of HDM epidemiology and pathophysiology. Prevalence data for HDM allergen sensitization vary from 65 to 130 million persons in the general population worldwide to as many as 50% among asthmatic patients. Heterogeneity of populations, terminology, and end points in the literature confound estimates, indicating the need for greater standardization in epidemiologic research. Exposure to allergens depends on multiple ecological strata, including climate and mite microhabitats within the domestic environment, with the latter providing opportunity for intervention measures to reduce allergen load. Inhaled mite aeroallergens are unusually virulent: they are able to activate both the adaptive and innate immune responses, potentially offering new avenues for intervention. The role of HDM allergens is crucial in the development of allergic rhinitis and asthma, but the translation of silent sensitization into symptomatic disease is still incompletely understood. Improved understanding of HDMs, their allergens, and their microhabitats will enable development of more effective outcomes for patients with HDM allergy.
ARTERIAL METHEMOGLOBIN LEVEL PREDICTS THERAPEUTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PDE-5 INHIBITORS IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Tomohiko Ono, Yuichi Tamura, Takashi Kawakami, Masaharu Kataoka, Motoaki Sano, Toru Satoh, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Nitric Oxide–Dependent Downregulation of <i>BRCA1</i> Expression Promotes Genetic Instability
Authors: Vasily A. Yakovlev
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) may link inflammation to the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Traditionally, this link has been thought to be mediated by the effects of NO/RNS in generating DNA damage. However, this damage also stimulates DNA repair responses with subsequent blocks to cell proliferation and apoptosis, thereby preventing accumulation of NO/RNS-generated mutations. In addressing this conundrum, I describe here an alternative mechanism for understanding mutagenesis by NO/RNS. Moderate NO/RNS concentrations stimulated mutagenesis not directly by generating DNA damage but indirectly by modifying the activities of DNA repair and genome stability factors without affecting cell proliferation. NO/RNS at concentrations physiologically relevant to inflammation stimulated PP2A activity, leading to dephosphorylation of RBL2, its accumulation in the nucleus, and formation of RBL2/E2F4 complexes. RBL2/E2F4 formation in turn led to a shift in BRCA1 promoter occupancy from complexes containing activator E2F1 to complexes containing repressor E2F4, downregulating BRCA1 expression. By inhibiting BRCA1 expression, NO/RNS thereby reduces the ability of cells to repair DNA double-strand breaks through homologous recombination repair, increasing the involvement of error-prone nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). In summary, NO/RNS stimulates genetic instability by inhibiting BRCA1 expression and shifting DNA repair from high fidelity to error-prone mechanisms. Cancer Res; 73(2); 706–15. ©2012 AACR.
Author calls for UK to set up tribunal for assisted suicide
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

One of the United Kingdom’s best selling authors has called for an assisted suicide tribunal to which people could apply for permission to end their lives at a time of their own choosing.

The call by Terry Pratchett, who has early onset Alzheimer’s disease, came as the BBC released the findings of a poll showing that nearly three in four people believe that a friend or relative should be able to assist a terminally ill loved one to commit suicide without fear of prosecution.

In the 2010 Dimbleby lecture, “Shaking Hands with Death,” on BBC1, Sir Terry said, “If I knew that I could die at any time I wanted, then suddenly …
Age, gender, quality of life and psychological distress in patients hospitalized with psoriasis
Authors: F. Sampogna, M.M. Chren, C.F. Melchi, P. Pasquini, S. Tabolli, D. Abeni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Psoriasis has a great impact on the quality of life of patients, and the ageing population is an important public health issue.To investigate whether older patients with psoriasis have a different impairment in quality of life compared with younger patients, considering level of severity, duration of disease, gender and psychological distress.The study was performed between February 2000 and February 2002 at the inpatient wards of the Dermatological Institute IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy, in the framework of a large project on clinical, epidemiological, emotional and quality of life aspects of psoriasis (IMPROVE study). This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study, with measures of quality of life (Skindex-29, Dermatology Life Quality Index and Psoriasis Disability Index) and of psychological distress, generic (12-item General Health Questionnaire) and psoriasis-related (Psoriasis Life Stress Inventory), all self-assessed by patients. We compared the mean scores of each quality of life instrument in patients aged < 65 years and >/= 65 years, in subsets of patients based on clinical and sociodemographic characteristics.We analysed 936 patients hospitalized at IDI-IRCCS with a diagnosis of psoriasis. Quality of life was significantly more impaired in the older group for all the Skindex-29 scales, and psychological distress was higher in older patients. In particular, older women suffering from anxiety or depression had the greatest impairment in quality of life. The results were somewhat different using the other quality of life instruments.These results should alert dermatologists that similar levels of clinical severity in psoriasis may be associated with different levels of quality of life and psychological distress of patients. Particular attention should be devoted to older patients, and especially to older women.