tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parents who smoke put their children at risk of infections
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Children whose parents smoke are at increased risk of certain infections due to the potentially virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria in their nose and throat, researchers have found. Infections include bronchitis, meningitis, pneumonia, and middle ear infections.

The research team, headed by David Greenberg, a paediatrician and infectious disease expert at the Soroka University Medical Centre in Negev, Israel, and colleague Noga Givon-Lavi, published their findings in Clinical Infectious Diseases (2006;42:897-903). The article will be …
Incidence and Costs of Severe Hypoglycemia
Authors: Andreas Holstein, Armin Plaschke, Eick-Hartwig Egberts
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Hypoglycemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and is the limiting factor in the successful metabolic control of diabetes. Severe hypoglycemic episodes can be life-threatening and are particularly feared by diabetic patients and their relatives.

In a prospective population-based study with sensitive screening for hypoglycemia, we determined the incidence and direct medical costs of severe hypoglycemia (SH) in a nonselected German population with 200,000 inhabitants (Detmold, East Westphalia) between 1997 and 2000. SH was defined as a symptomatic event requiring intravenous glucose or glucagon injection and was confirmed by a blood glucose measurement. To also detect atypical manifestations of SH, an initial blood glucose test from venous whole blood was …
Occult Blood Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kevin K. Knight
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>GENERAL BACKGROUND</h3> Colorectal cancer has long been the target of efforts aimed at early detection. It is the second most common cancer in the United States, with 140 000 new cases and 60 000 deaths estimated to have occurred in 1987.<sup>1</sup>It is uncommon in persons younger than 50 years but its incidence increases sharply thereafter.<sup>2</sup>Investigations into the causes of colorectal cancer have not yielded a consensus strategy for prevention. However, early treatment generally is acknowledged to be more beneficial than late treatment. Early detection would thus seem to be a reasonable approach to lowering the toll of this cancer. The American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute recommend yearly occult blood testing for all persons older than 50 years of age.<sup>3,4</sup>The Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination has recommended the use of fecal occult blood testing by asymptomatic persons older than
THE PROPAGATING SPIRAL CORONARY DISSECTION DURING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: INCIDENCE, PREDICTIVE FACTORS AND OUTCOMES IN THE CURRENT STENT ERA
Authors: Rajesh Pradhan, Vignendra Ariyarajah, David Fischman, Paul Walinsky, David Ogilby, Babu Jasti, Nicholas Ruggiero, Lisa Moss, Jocelyn Andrel, Michael Savage
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Informed Consent for Genetic Research
Authors: Frederick P. Li
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —For genetic research on previously stored tissue specimens of deceased patients, Dr Clayton et al 1 recommend obtaining informed consent from relatives. The relatives who need to provide consent are not specified.  The spouse of the decedent is usually considered the closest next of kin. However, those at risk for genetic traits are the blood relatives of the decedent, not the spouses. The interests of the spouse and the blood relatives might differ, particularly if no progeny are involved. Whose rights prevail if the spouse and blood relatives disagree? If a living spouse cannot be located, would consent from one blood relative suffice? To whom should genetic results be disclosed? Who will pay for the costs of obtaining reconsent? In addition to these issues, there are other questions of importance. 2 How should investigators proceed while awaiting the answers?
Quality Control in Patient Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose
Authors: Jerome P Greyson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

The American Diabetes Association (1), the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2), the Canadian Association of Pathologists (3), and the conferees of the Consensus Development Conference on SMBG (4) have all published recommendations, guidelines, or position statements on the practice of SMBG in hospital settings that call for, among other things, enhanced personnel training and establishment of quality control programs. However, no formal quality control or educational guidelines have yet been developed for patient use of SMBG devices.
Smoking and Tuberculosis among the Elderly in Hong Kong
Authors: Chi C. Leung, Teresa Li, Tai H. Lam, Wing W. Yew, Wing S. Law, Cheuk M. Tam, Wai M. Chan, Chi K. Chan, Kin S. Ho, Kwok C. Chang
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

A cohort of 42,655 clients that were first registered with the Elderly Health Service in 2000 were followed prospectively through the tuberculosis (TB) notification registry until the end of 2002. A total of 286 active TB cases (186 culture confirmed) were identified. The annual TB notification rates were 735, 427, and 174 per 100,000 among current smokers, ex-smokers, and never-smokers, respectively (p < 0.001). The trend in TB risk persisted after the control of background characteristics using Cox proportional hazards analysis (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs]: 2.63, 1.41, and 1, p < 0.001). In comparison with never-smokers, current smokers had an excess risk of pulmonary TB (adjusted HR, 2.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.00-4.11; p < 0.001), but not extrapulmonary TB (adjusted HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.33-3.30; p = 0.95). Among the current smokers, those who developed TB smoked more cigarettes per day than those who did not (13.43, SD 8.76 vs. 10.96, SD 7.87, p = 0.01). A statistically significant dose-response relationship was observed with respect to active TB and culture-confirmed TB (both p < 0.05). Smoking accounted for 32.8% (95% CI, 14.9-48.0%), 8.6% (95% CI, 3.3-15.1%), and 18.7% (95% CI, 7.7-30.4%) of the TB risk among males, females, and the entire cohort, respectively. Approximately 44.9% (95% CI, 20.7-64.6%) of the sex difference was attributable to smoking.
Myasthenia Gravis after Bone-Marrow Transplantation
Authors: C. I. Edvard Smith, Johan A. Aarli, Peter Biberfeld, Per Bolme, Birger Christensson, Gösta Gahrton, Lennart Hammarström, Ann-Kari Lefvert, Berit Lönnqvist, Georg Matell, Ritva Pirskanen, Olle Ringden, Eva Svanborg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease. The electromyographic pattern, a positive response to cholinesterase inhibitors, and the presence of antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor are typical findings in myasthenic patients. Other factors, including age of onset, sex, thymic disease, and HLA and Gm allotypes,1 2 3 4 5 may be of prognostic value. As in most autoimmune disorders, the cause of the disease remains unknown. In this report we describe a patient with aplastic anemia treated with bone-marrow transplantation in whom graft-versus-host disease and subsequently myasthenia gravis developed. Chromosomal studies suggested that the myasthenia was of donor origin. Acetylcholine-receptor antibodies were detected two . . .
HIV Infection Among Members of the US Army Reserve Components With Medical and Health Occupations
Authors: David N. Cowan, John F. Brundage, Robin S. Pomerantz, Richard N. Miller, Donald S. Burke
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Over 58,000 members of the US Army Reserve Components tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody had military or civilian medical occupations. The availability of HIV status and occupational information permits the assessment of prevalence and incidence of infection in this population. Levels of infection were not higher among women or among currently married men with medical occupations compared with those with nonmedical occupations. Prevalence and incidence were elevated among never-married men with either military or civilian medical occupations compared with never-married men with nonmedical occupations. Based on reported civilian occupation, male registered nurses and men with other medical occupations, excluding physicians and dentists, had a significantly higher prevalence of infection than men with nonmedical occupations. The patterns of infection suggest that the higher levels of infection found among never-married men with medical occupations may not be entirely due to occupational exposure. These findings may have applications in the design and interpretation of results of health care worker HIV surveillance programs.
JOINT-DISEASE DUE TO INFECTION FROM OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY
Authors: J. W. COKENOWER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The frequency of joint-disease and its often uncertain etiology constitute a problem whose factor has contributed largely to the unsatisfactory differential diagnosis of the various kinds of joint ailments. After looking up the literature on the subject for the past four years and failing to find scarcely anything published on it, I wrote a number of orthopedic and general surgeons for clinical reports. These unpublished reports have assisted materially in the preparation of this paper. I believe that our failures in treating joint-diseases are due more to wrong diagnosis than to improper treatment, and back of this a lack of the knowledge of the anatomic structure of the joints as well as the pathology of the disease. The differential diagnosis may be specific, pathognomonic, negative by exclusion, collateral or by exhaustive history of the case from infancy to the present time. It will often be necessary to have regional experts
Eri1 regulates microRNA homeostasis and mouse lymphocyte development and antiviral function
Authors: Molly F. Thomas, Sarah Abdul-Wajid, Marisella Panduro, Joshua E. Babiarz, Misha Rajaram, Prescott Woodruff, Lewis L. Lanier, Vigo Heissmeyer, K. Mark Ansel
Journal: Blood (2012)
Activation of pp125FAK by type 2B recombinant von Willebrand factor binding to platelet GPIb at a high shear rate occurs independently of αIIbβ3 engagement
Authors: Médina Mekrache, Christilla Bachelot-Loza, Nadine Ajzenberg, Abdelhafid Saci, Paulette Legendre, Dominique Baruch
Journal: Blood (2003)
POST PROHIBITION ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSES IN NEW YORK STATE
Authors: William C. Garvin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1930)

A marked decline in first admissions of alcoholic psychoses to the New York State hospitals has taken place during the past two decades. The lowest admission rate occurred in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, viz., 1.9 per cent. Since 1920 there has been a gradual rise in admissions, the peak of the curve being reached in 1927, viz., 7.0 per cent. In 1928 the rate dropped to 5.9 per cent. The reduction in the admission rate has been relatively greater among women than among men. First admissions with alcoholic psychoses come principally from urban districts. The rate of admissions with alcoholic psychoses is greater among the foreign born than among the native white born. The two races in which alcoholic psychoses are most prevalent are the Irish and the Slavonic races. The rate is relatively higher among Negroes than among the native white population. Alcoholic psychoses among the Hebrew race is comparatively rare. Alcoholic psychoses, as a rule, occur principally in middle age, following years of intemperate use of alcohol. The acute phase generally develops in connection with recent excesses. There has been a general reduction in the intemperate use of alcohol among all first admissions to the New York State hospitals from 1911 to 1927. Acute hallucinosis is the outstanding type of alcoholic psychosis admitted to the Binghamton State Hospital. There has been observed a change in the symptomatic picture as compared with the pre-war type, in that the patients appear more toxic and prostrated. There is often confusion, disorientation, combined hallucinations and delirious admixtures during the acute phase. Recovery in the more severe cases is slower than in pre-war days. Korsakow’s psychosis has decreased in frequency since the war, and the mental symptoms and polyneuritis are much less severe than formerly. Permanent mental and physical residuals are less common, and recoveries are more frequent than in the pre-war period.
Biomarkers improve mortality prediction by prognostic scales in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: R Menendez, R Martinez, S Reyes, J Mensa, X Filella, M A Marcos, A Martinez, C Esquinas, P Ramirez, A Torres
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Prognostic scales provide a useful tool to predict mortality in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, the inflammatory response of the host, crucial in resolution and outcome, is not included in the prognostic scales.The aim of this study was to investigate whether information about the initial inflammatory cytokine profile and markers increases the accuracy of prognostic scales to predict 30-day mortality. To this aim, a prospective cohort study in two tertiary care hospitals was designed. Procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and the systemic cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukins IL6, IL8 and IL10 were measured at admission. Initial severity was assessed by PSI (Pneumonia Severity Index), CURB65 (Confusion, Urea nitrogen, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, > or = 65 years of age) and CRB65 (Confusion, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, > or = 65 years of age) scales. A total of 453 hospitalised CAP patients were included.The 36 patients who died (7.8%) had significantly increased levels of IL6, IL8, PCT and CRP. In regression logistic analyses, high levels of CRP and IL6 showed an independent predictive value for predicting 30-day mortality, after adjustment for prognostic scales. Adding CRP to PSI significantly increased the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) from 0.80 to 0.85, that of CURB65 from 0.82 to 0.85 and that of CRB65 from 0.79 to 0.85. Adding IL6 or PCT values to CRP did not significantly increase the AUC of any scale. When using two scales (PSI and CURB65/CRB65) and CRP simultaneously the AUC was 0.88.Adding CRP levels to PSI, CURB65 and CRB65 scales improves the 30-day mortality prediction. The highest predictive value is reached with a combination of two scales and CRP. Further validation of that improvement is needed.
WHO issues guidance on monitoring injuries
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Experts from more than 50 countries have combined forces to produce guidelines that will help healthcare staff in developing countries to set up systems to monitor the toll of death and disability from injuries.

The manual, which is published by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States, is designed to help planners and front line clinical staff produce systematic data on …
The state of men's health in Europe
Authors: G. Malcher
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Conventional primary care won’t get the job done

The European Commission’s recently published report, The State of Men’s Health in Europe , shows marked differences in health outcomes between men,1 which are strongly related to their biology, culture, and socioeconomic realities.

The report is a huge undertaking: an attempt to describe the salient health issues of the 290 million men and boys of the 27 member states of the European Union, the four states of the European Free Trade Association, and three EU candidate countries.

Included in its findings are that: working age men have significantly higher mortality rates than working age women (210% higher mortality rate in the 15-64 age range; 630 000 men per year versus 300 000 women); public health activity that benefits men’s health is patchy across the EU; and working men underuse health services compared with women and unemployed men. A key conclusion of the report is that “Gender equality initiatives will have a positive impact on the way men’s needs are taken into account within government health strategies and at the more local practitioner level.”1

Health ministers should be reminded by their treasury counterparts that because of lower birth rates, rising life expectancy, and the higher death rate in men in the 15-64 age group, by 2060 there will be …
Spontaneous Aortic Lesions in Rabbits II. Relationship to Experimental Atherosclerosis
Authors: ERIC A. SCHENK, ELIZABETH GAMAN, A. S. FEIGENBAUM
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Lesions in the rabbit aorta that occur spontaneously and contain no lipid consist of intimal mesenchymal proliferation and of medial sclerosis. Although the relationship of diet-induced atheroma to the intimal mesenchymal alterations is still not clear, our experiments have established that (a) the morphologic characteristics of diet-induced atheroma and of the spontaneous medial lesions are dissimilar at all stages of their development, and (b) the presence of spontaneous medial lesions clearly influences the development of atheroma. This influence is related to (a) an increased tendency for atheroma formation at the raised proximal and lateral borders of nodular medial lesions projecting from the luminal surface, (b) the absence of atheroma formation at sites of medial calcification, and (c) a propensity for lipid deposition in areas of acid mucopolysaccharide accumulation within spontaneous medial lesions.
TSLP-tickled mast cells
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

![Graphic][1] 

Stimulated epithelial cells release TSLP, which activates mast cells to produce IL-13. If you suffer a skin allergy, don't be so quick to blame your T cells; they might not be behind it. Allakhverdi and colleagues now show on page 

[253][2] that mast cells, activated by
Immune complex-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis: role for the inhibitory Fc receptor IIB in bone erosion in antigen-induced arthritis?
Authors: L C Grevers, P L E M van Lent, A W Sloetjes, T J de Vries, V Everts, W B van den Berg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by osteoclast-mediated bone loss. In several studies it was shown that SHIP-/- mice are severely osteoporotic due to increased numbers of hyperreactive osteoclasts. Because SHIP is part of the signalling pathway of the inhibitory FcγRIIB, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of FcγRIIB in osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function.

Compared with wild-type mice, bone erosion and cathepsin K staining were clearly enhanced during antigen-induced arthritis in the knee …
Factors affecting performance during an endurance relay.
Authors: E. L. Lloyd, W. Henderson, B. Covell, G. R. Bryce
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1977)

A successful attempt by Edinburgh Athletic Club on the world record for the 24-hour 10-man x 1 mile relay is reported. The effects of a variety of factors on the performances of the athletes are assessed, and some physiological changes noted. In the light of these observations recommendations are made to help the planning of future record attempts.
Furosemide-Induced Reduction in Ionized Calcium in Hypoparathyroid Patients
Authors: PATRICIA A. GABOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Six hypoparathyroid patients were treated with oral furosemide for 4 days. All six had a significant decrease in serum ionized calcium level from the control period (4.05 ± 0.31 mg/dl) to the furosemide period (3.46 ± 0.26 mg/dl, P < 0.005). In five patients, the decrease in serum ionized calcium concentration occurred in association with an increase in urinary calcium excretion. Although serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level increased in five patients, it was insufficient to return serum ionized calcium to control levels. Changes in serum phosphorus, magnesium, or pH could not account for the observed decrease in serum ionized calcium concentration. It is necessary to monitor serum ionized calcium level in hypoparathyroid patients during furosemide therapy.
Correlation between Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatogram and Postmortem Pancreatogram
Authors: T. Kano, K. Kurimoto, T. Kasugai, K. Tanehiro, H. Sugiura, Y. Ito, T. Yokota, N. Kuno
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

Endoscopic retrograde pancreatogram and postmortem pancreatograms were compared in 6 dogs. The main duct, branches and acini of the pancreas were opacified adequately in that order with infusion of each 1 ml of contrast medium on 4 occasions in endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, and infusion of each 0.1 ml of the contrast medium on 4 occasions in postmortem pancreatography, respectively. The two pancreatograms were almost identical to the appearance of the main duct, branches and acini. The results suggest that a postmortem retrograde pancreatogram in order to investigate the correlation between the pancreatogram and the histological findings of the pancreas.
Hematopoietic-specific expression of MEFV, the gene mutated in familial Mediterranean fever, and subcellular localization of its corresponding protein, pyrin
Authors: Nicola Tidow, Xiaoguang Chen, Carsten Müller, Seiji Kawano, Adrian F. Gombart, Nathan Fischel-Ghodsian, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Blood (2000)
Medical Physics. Volume III
Authors: Frederic T. Jung
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Like the two preceding volumes which were published in 1944 and 1950, this one consists of a series of articles in alphabetical order according to subject, from 'Absorption" and "Accelerators" to "Vision" and "Weighing." Each article is a coherent, complete treatment of a subject rather than a brief definition. Words that do not in themselves merit a long article can be located in the subject index and can thus be found either explicitly defined or else used in context that provides helpful orientation. A classified table of contents enables the reader to locate all articles relating to a given major subject, such as anesthesia, biometry, chromatography, electronics, gynecology, heart, isotopes, mechanics, nuclear physics, space medicine, speech, surgery, and ultrasound. The discussion is practically always concrete and precise, and the care with which the occasional mathematical material has been set up deserves the gratitude of all serious students. There is a
The Stage Theory of Grief
Authors: George A. Bonanno, Kathrin Boerner
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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