tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breath-actuated inhalers: comparison of terbutaline Turbohaler with salbutamol Rotahaler
Authors: A Anani, A J Higgins, G K Crompton
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

Two breath-actuated inhalers, the Turbohaler and the Rotahaler, were compared in 24 patients with chronic asthma using an open, cross-over study design. Patients were treated with terbutaline (500 micrograms) and salbutamol (400 micrograms) four times daily, each trial period lasting three weeks. Mean morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) values were higher during Turbohaler treatment, but were similar 15 min after inhaler use. The Turbohaler was found to be easier to use than the Rotahaler.
Repeatability of cellular constituents and cytokine concentration in fluid obtained by non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage of infants receiving extracorporeal oxygenation
Authors: R J Mildner
Journal: Thorax (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Since few studies have assessed the repeatability of non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (NB-BAL), we compared cellular counts and cytokine concentrations in fluid obtained by standardised NB-BAL from each side of 20 intubated infants receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). <h3>METHODS</h3> Total cell counts were obtained from 95 paired lavages and 77 pairs were suitable for differential counts and measurement of cytokine concentrations. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Moderate correlation was noted between the two sides for most cell types including total cell counts and percentages of neutrophils and macrophages (<i>R</i>=0.70–0.84) and for cytokine concentrations (IL-8 <i>R</i>=0.78, IL-6<i>R</i>=0.75, TNF-α<i>R</i>=0.64, all p⩽0.001). Using Bland-Altman analysis the mean difference between the two sides approached zero for cellular constituents (total cell counts mean difference 1.7, limits of agreement –187.5 to +190.9 × 10<sup>4</sup>/ml; percentage neutrophils –3.9%, –41.5% to +33.6%; percentage macrophages 3.9%, –33.8% to +41.6%) but tended to be greater on the right for logarithmically transformed cytokine measurements (IL-8: left/right ratio 0.74, limits of agreement 0.12 to 5.45, IL-6: 0.93, 0.09 to 5.87, and TNF-α: 0.93, 0.27 to 3.16). Using linear regression with random effects to assess the variability, only the infant9s age appeared to influence the cellular results but, for cytokines, only the volume retrieved affected the variability. The magnitude of the measurements, the underlying disease, the operator9s experience, days on ECMO, or survival did not affect the variability. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Measurements obtained by NB-BAL need to be interpreted with caution and strongly suggest that normalisation for the dilutional effects of saline is essential.
Five-day course of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with prolonged neutropenia after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer is a safe and cost-effective schedule to maintain dose-intensity.
Authors: A Ribas, J Albanell, J Bellmunt, L A Solé-Calvo, B Bermejo, E Gallardo, R Vidal, R Vera, N Eres, J Carulla, J Baselga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE To analyze the safety and efficacy of a short course of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to maintain dose-intensity of subsequent cycles of chemotherapy after a prior episode of prolonged neutropenia, without febrile complications, in patients receiving adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-two patients undergoing adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) or doxorubicin-CMF for stages I to II breast cancer were included after having chemotherapy delays due to neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] &lt; 1.5 x 10(9)/L) on day 22. G-CSF was administered subcutaneously on days 15 to 19 of each subsequent cycle. RESULTS None of the patients included in this study had to be admitted to the hospital for fever and neutropenia. The median percentage of the projected dose-intensity for CMF or doxorubicin-CMF on an intent-to-treat basis was 0.994, which was significantly higher than the delivered dose-intensity before the start of G-CSF treatment (P &lt; .0001). Patients who received concomitant G-CSF and radiotherapy achieved a similar dose-intensity as patients who did not undergo radiotherapy. Seven patients discontinued G-CSF treatment due to musculoskeletal pain. These patients had more subsequent cycle delays because of day 22 neutropenia than the 25 patients who followed the G-CSF schedule (P = .0028). CONCLUSION A 5-day course of G-CSF in patients with prior chemotherapy delays due to prolonged neutropenia seems to be a safe and cost-effective schedule to maintain CMF or doxorubicin-CMF dose-intensity in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer.
Histone deacetylation and acetylation status in memory T lymphocytes relates to allergen-induced eosinophil inflammation in lung
Authors: Hongping Zhang, Juanjuan Fu, Gang Wang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background : T lymphocyte, characterized by longevity and immune memory, play a key role for recurrent and persistent airway inflammation in asthma. We hypothesized there would be a relationship between immune memory and histone deacetylation and acetylation status.

Methods : CD4+CD45RBlow cells (memory T lymphocytes (Tm)), were obtained from spleens of asthma model mice. Tm cells were co-cultured with hydrocortisone (CORT), trichostatin A (TSA), anacardic acid (AA) or placebo and then adoptive transferred (AT) to naive mice. Levels of IL-4, 5, 13 and IFN-γ in culture supernatants and BALF of AT mice were determined, as well as the histone deacetylase (HDAC), histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, T-bet, GATA-3, HDACs 1-11 and eosinophil inflammation index (EI) in lung tissue.

Results : The HAT activity was significantly inhibited by AA (P=0.0015) and CORT (P=0.018), and HDAC activity was suppressed by TSA (P=0.0042) and CORT (P=0.0254) in lung tissue. HDACs 7, 9, and 10 were overexpressed in AA and CORT (all P <0.032), while CORT increased HDAC11 as well ( P =0.028). High-HDAC and low-HAT of Tm produced by CORT alleviated EI via reducing GATA-3, IL-4, 5, 13 and inducing T-bet in lung tissue, which was similar to AA. Levels of IL-4, 5 and 13 negatively related to HDAC, but positively to HAT and EI. HDACs 3, 5, 6, and 10 were significantly correlated with IL-4, 5, 13 and EI, although we did not find the relationship between the HDAC, HAT activity and EI.

Conclusion : Imbalance of HDAC/HAT activity in Tm contributed eosinophil airway inflammation. HDAC 10-inducing HDAC of Tm would play a key role for CORT in improving allergen-induced eosinophil inflammation.
Recurrent interlobar pneumothorax in an asthmatic patient
Authors: C Gourdon, A Dietemann, C Beigelman, B Sohier, G Pauli
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

We report a case of spontaneous interlobar pneumothorax, an uncommon condition. The diagnosis was suspected from the frontal chest X-ray, which showed an incompletely circumscribed air-containing space, with a fluid level. The diagnosis was confirmed by the lateral projections of standard X-ray and tomography, and by thoracic computed tomography (CT). Such air-fluid levels should not be confused with pneumatocele, cystic or cavitary diseases.
Lack of leadership was at heart of hospitals’ failings, report says
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Poor leadership among senior medical staff and hospital management was at the heart of recent failings in the NHS in England and Scotland, says a report from the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges in Scotland.1

A working group looked at a series of recent reports into failings at hospitals, including Staffordshire Hospital and the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. …
Anaphylaxis and ethnicity: higher incidence in British South Asians
Authors: R. J. Buka, R. J. Crossman, C. L. Melchior, A. P. Huissoon, S. Hackett, S. Dorrian, M. W. Cooke, M. T. Krishna
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Abstract Background The incidence of anaphylaxis in South Asians (Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnicity) is unknown. Birmingham is a British city with a disproportionately large population of South Asians (22.5%) compared with the rest of the UK (4.9%). The main aims of this study were to determine the incidence and severity of anaphylaxis in this population and to investigate the differences between the South Asian and White populations. Methods A retrospective electronic search of emergency department attendances at three hospitals in Birmingham during 2012 was carried out. Wide search terms were used, medical notes were scrutinized, and the World Allergy Organization diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis were applied. Patients’ age, sex, ethnicity and home postal code were collected, reactions were graded by severity, and other relevant details including specialist assessment were extracted. Multivariate analysis was undertaken using 2011 UK census data. Results Age‐, sex‐ and ethnicity‐standardized incidence rate of anaphylaxis was 34.5 per 100 000 person‐years. Multivariate logistic regression which controlled for the confounders of age, sex and level of socioeconomic deprivation showed that incidence was higher in the South Asian population (OR 1.48, P = 0.005). Incidence rate in the South Asian population was 58.3 cases per 100 000 person‐years compared to 31.5 in the White population. South Asian children were more likely to present with severe anaphylaxis (OR 5.31, P = 0.002). Conclusions Incidence of anaphylaxis is significantly higher in British South Asians compared to the white population. British South Asian children are at a greater risk of severe anaphylaxis than White children.
The Medicare Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program
Authors: Andrew S. Boozary, Joseph Manchin, Roger F. Wicker
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Hospital readmissions are costly and detrimental to both patients and taxpayers. In 2013, almost 18% of Medicare patients were readmitted to the hospital within 30 days. Although this rate is somewhat lower than in previous years, patients are still being readmitted too often, potentially costing Medicare more than $26 billion annually. According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), an estimated $17 billion of that expenditure is related to readmissions that could have been avoided.
Effect of transnasal "high-flow oxygen insufflation" in patients with severe COPD
Authors: Johannes Cleven, Helene Vogelsinger, Sebastian Ott, Thomas Geiser, Michael Halank, C.M. Kähler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction  Long-term oxygen therapy is one of the established treatment strategies. Nasal insufflation of warm, humidified air at a high flow rate is a new and simplified method in non-invasive ventilation.  Until now, no data on the safety, effects and efficacy of in COPD patients are available. Our multicenter, controlled study has been approved by the national ethic committees.  Aim  It was designed to examine the safety and effects of high flow therapy in patients with COPD °IV and to assess possible changes in efficiency in ventilation and parameters of the lung function.  Method  Patients with COPD °IV with indication for LTOT are enrolled. The following inclusion criteria have to be met: age 30-80, stable disease for 14 days, Hb>100g/l, and no current participation in another study.  Results  So far 38 subjects were recruited: 32 males, 6 female, age 67.5 +/-6,64yr, FEV1 14-49% predicted. Oxygen supplementation was performed in 10 min intervals each with an augmentation of 0.5-1 L/min until a pO2 >60mmHg was achieved. Using [TNI], oxygen was mixed with warm and humidified air at a constant flow rate of 15 L/min. Concerning safety high flow delivery was well tolerated in all patients and no significant differences were found for several spirometric parameters tested. Furthermore a highly significant decrease of CO2 in arterial blood after short-term treatment could be measured (- 2,87 mmHg; p=0,0001) compared to conventional oxygen administration.  Conclusion  In conclusion, we can postulate that short-term treatment with high flow [TNI] seems to be safe in patients with COPD °IV with a reduced oxygen demand. Further trials have to be enrolled for longer periods to prove efficiency.
Pulmonary toxicity in car spray painters
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim, Ahmad El-Ebiary, Arwa Abuelfadl, Enas El-Maddah, Safinaz El-Shourbagy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Spray painters comprise a large population at risk with potentially high isocyanate exposure. Repeated pulmonary function testing is not sufficient to diagnose and evaluate pulmonary toxicity induced by car paint sprays. Therefore Clara cell secretory protein (CC16) was selected as a sensitive marker of bronchial tree injury.   Methods:  The study involved 50 workers exposed to isocyanates during car spray-painting; in addition to 30 control subjects,. All participants were subjected to pulmonary function testing, bronchoscopy and lavage, and serum CC16 estimation.   Results:  Different pulmonary function indices as well as CC16 serum levels were found to be significantly decreased in the exposed group. Clara cells were markedly damaged in the exposed subjects, whereas smokers exhibit excessive epithelial cells desquamation.   Conclusions:  In this study clear associations between lung function parameters, CC16 serum levels, and exposure to isocyanate-containing paint-sprays were demonstrated. This stresses the importance of regulation and control of such exposure. Also, assay of serum CC16 could be used to detect pulmonary toxic effects.
Growth of Novikoff Rat Hepatome Cells in Suspension Culture in the Presence of Adenosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Joachim Schröder, Peter G. W. Plagemann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Concentrations of adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) up to 5–12 mM had no effect on the growth of Novikoff rat hepatoma, mouse L, and HeLa cells in suspension culture, and no direct uptake of 3H-cAMP by the cells was demonstrated. About 5% of 4 mM cAMP became degraded to adenosine in the medium during the 65-hour growth cycle of Novikoff cells, and label from 3H-cAMP entered the acid-soluble pool and nucleic acids of the cells via the degradation product adenosine. Degradation of cAMP occurred extracellularly and was due to cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in the growth medium. The cAMP phosphodiesterase activity was present in the calf serum which is a component of the growth medium, and no activity was excreted by the cells.
Evaluation of the 'anatomic shunt test' in clinical practice
Authors: Damien Ming, Mehul Patel, Nick Hopkinson, Simon Ward, Michael Polkey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction  Detection of right-to-left shunting may not be clinically straightforward. The 100% oxygen method can be used to quantify shunting as a percentage of cardiac output; where more than 5% shunt exists the likelihood of an anatomic shunt is said to be high. However the clinical value of this test is not established. We conducted a clinical case review of the technique.  Method  The 100% oxygen method was performed in 189 patients at the Royal Brompton Hospital from 1997 to 2012. Clinical notes from 80 patients were retrievable and analysed.  Results  The main indication for testing was disproportionate hypoxia (61%). 39% of patients underwent contrast echocardiography, 39% underwent transthoracic echocardiography and 20% underwent cardiac catheterisation.  There was a significant difference (p=0.008) in the median shunt percentage between patients with an anatomical shunt was identified (10.2 %) and those without (4.8%). Age (p=0.16), gender (p=0.40) or resting PaO2 on air (p=0.09) were not different between positive and negative cases.  A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted based on ability of the shunt test to identify a clinically relevant anatomical shunt defined as a positive bubble echo or findings on cardiac catheterisation: a cutoff of 8.3% yielded a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 80% for identifying a shunt. The area under the curve was 0.7.  Conclusion  The 100% oxygen method is a safe and relatively straightforward technique as a firstline investigation to identify an anatomical shunt; values >8% merit further investigation.
A Systematic Review of Histone Lysine‐Specific Demethylase 1 and Its Inhibitors
Authors: Yi‐Chao Zheng, Jinlian Ma, Zhiru Wang, Jinfeng Li, Bailing Jiang, Wenjuan Zhou, Xiaojing Shi, Xixin Wang, Wen Zhao, Hong‐Min Liu
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2015)

Abstract Histone lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is the first discovered and reported histone demethylase by Dr. Shi Yang's group in 2004. It is classified as a member of amine oxidase superfamily, the common feature of which is using the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as its cofactor. Since it is located in cell nucleus and acts as a histone methylation eraser, LSD1 specifically removes mono‐ or dimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) through formaldehyde‐generating oxidation. It has been indicated that LSD1 and its downstream targets are involved in a wide range of biological courses, including embryonic development and tumor‐cell growth and metastasis. LSD1 has been reported to be overexpressed in variety of tumors. Inactivating LSD1 or downregulating its expression inhibits cancer‐cell development. LSD1 targeting inhibitors may represent a new insight in anticancer drug discovery. This review summarizes recent studies about LSD1 and mainly focuses on the basic physiological function of LSD1 and its involved mechanisms in pathophysiologic conditions, as well as the development of LSD1 inhibitors as potential anticancer therapeutic agents.
Long-term prevention of skeletal complications of metastatic breast cancer with pamidronate. Protocol 19 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group.
Authors: G N Hortobagyi, R L Theriault, A Lipton, L Porter, D Blayney, C Sinoff, H Wheeler, J F Simeone, J J Seaman, R D Knight, M Heffernan, K Mellars, D J Reitsma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

Pamidronate, an aminobisphosphonate, has been shown to lower the risk of skeletal complications associated with lytic bone lesions for up to 1 year in women with stage IV breast cancer who received chemotherapy. We studied the long-term effectiveness and safety of continued treatment with intravenous pamidronate infusions for up to 2 years.Three hundred eighty-two women with metastatic breast cancer and lytic bone lesions who received chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either 90 mg of pamidronate or placebo intravenously every 3 to 4 weeks in this double-blind, multicenter, parallel-group trial. Patients were evaluated monthly for 2 years for skeletal complications, which included pathologic fractures, need for radiation or surgery to treat bone complications, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia. Bone pain, analgesic use, bone biochemical markers, performance status, quality of life, radiologic response in bone, and survival were also evaluated.As in the first year of treatment, the proportion of patients with any skeletal complication was significantly less for the pamidronate than the placebo group at 15, 18, 21, and 24 months (P < .001). The proportions of patients with any pathologic fracture (i.e., vertebral and nonvertebral fractures), need for radiation or surgery to treat bone complications, and hypercalcemia were also statistically less for the pamidronate than the placebo group. The median time to the first skeletal complication was 13.9 months in the pamidronate-treated women and 7.0 months in the placebo group (P < .001). Long-term treatment did not result in any unexpected adverse events. Survival did not differ between the two groups.The risk for osteolytic bone lesion complications in metastatic breast cancer was significantly decreased with monthly infusions of 90 mg of pamidronate, and this effect was maintained for at least 2 years. Pamidronate is a useful adjunct to standard chemotherapy in the palliative treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
A61: Prevalence of Streptococcal Antibodies in Pediatric Non-Rheumatic Fever Syndromes in Areas of Low Rheumatic Fever Incidence
Authors: Judith Price, Anjali Patwardhan
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

Streptococcus pyogens infect an estimated 5 million children in United States/year. Various syndromes are attributed to elevated Streptococcal antibody titer (SAT) & are treated with prophylactic penicillin therapy (PPT). We hypothesize the elevated SAT has no diagnostic & PPT has no therapeutic significance in pediatric non-Rheumatic Fever Syndromes in areas of Low Rheumatic Fever Incidence.



Methods:

A cross-sectional retrospective electronic chart review was conducted. Patients who met the criteria had tics, chronic pain syndrome (CPS) or joint symptoms as presenting complaints, had streptococcal antibody titers (SAT) performed & were seen by pediatricians in past 5 years at Women's and Children's Hospital. Patients were classified into 3 subgroups. Group 1: 184 presented with joint pain with or without (w/o) swelling, Group 2: 105 presented with tics & Group 3: 324 presented with CPS. Reference lab values were: Antistreptolysin O (ASO);0–1 yr:0–200 IU/mL, 2–12 yrs: 0–240 IU/mL, 13 yrs & older: 0–330 IU/mL & DNAse-B Ab; 0–6 yrs: Less than 250 U/mL, 7–17yrs:Less than 310 U/mL, 18 yrs & older: Less than 260 U/mL. Elevation of titers by ≥1.5 times for age was considered abnormal for research purposes.



Results:

Six hundred and thirteen charts were reviewed. Chi-square test was used to identify proportion of abnormal ASO & DNAse-B Ab among the 3 diagnostic groups ranged from 26% (JS) to 35% (TICS), and 25.5% to 26.7% respectively; the difference in the abnormal ASO & DNAse-B Ab in the 3 groups was not significant (ASO p = 0.25, DNAse-B Ab p = 0.97). An exact Pearson chi-square test compared the proportion of abnormal ASO & DNAse-B Ab on patients w/o PPT. The proportion of abnormal results w/o PPT were 5.88% (8/136) & 10.87% (5/46) for ASO & 5.88% (8/136) & 4.35% (2/46) for DNAse-B Ab, which was not statistically significant (p = 0.74 for ASO, p = 0.32 for DNAse-B Ab). McNemar's test revealed that the proportion of abnormal ASO results (178/613 = 29.04%) was significantly higher (P-value = 0.0002) than of DNAse-B Ab (158/613 = 25.77%). For both ASO & DNAse-B Ab, odds of abnormal results in males were about 1.73 times higher than in females (CI = 95%, OD = 1.19, 2.51); the highest probability of abnormal results occurred around 129 months. Mean Ab test costs for CPS was $426, JS was $377 & Tics was $556. While 137 patients received PPT, 47 received no therapy; there was no difference in abnormal SAT in both groups at 6 months.



Conclusion:

In low Rheumatic Fever Incidence areas, abnormal SAT in Pediatric non-rheumatic fever syndromes have poor diagnostic & therapeutic value; repeat testing adds cost without treatment value.
Dermatitis rhabditidosa in an 11-year-old girl.
Authors: KRYSTYNA PASYK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Dermatitis rhabditidosa in an 11‐year‐old girl: A NEW CUTANEOUS PARASITIC DISEASE OF MAN Get access KRYSTYNA PASYK KRYSTYNA PASYK Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Paediatrics, Medical Academy, Krakow, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 98, Issue 1, 1 January 1978, Pages 107–112, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb07340.x Published: 01 January 1978