tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emergence of NK1.1+ cells as effectors of IFN-gamma dependent immunity to Toxoplasma gondii in MHC class I-deficient mice.
Authors: E Y Denkers, R T Gazzinelli, D Martin, A Sher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

CD8+ T lymphocytes have been reported to play a major role in the protective immune response against acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii. In order to further assess the role of CD8+ cells in resistance against this protozoan we examined the ability of beta 2m-deficient mice, which fail to express MHC class I molecules and peripheral CD8+ lymphocytes, to survive tachyzoite challenge following vaccination with an attenuated parasite mutant. Surprisingly, vaccination of beta 2m-deficient mice induced strong resistance to lethal challenge, with &amp;gt; 50% surviving beyond 3 months. Vaccinated beta 2m-deficient mice, but not control heterozygotes, showed a five- to six-fold expansion in spleen cell number and approximately 40% of the splenocytes were found to express the NK markers NK1.1 and asialo GM1. Spleen cells from the vaccinated beta 2m-deficient animals failed to kill either infected host cells or the NK target YAC-1. However, high levels of IFN-gamma were secreted when the cells were cultured in vitro with soluble T. gondii lysate, and this response was abolished by NK1.1+ but not CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte depletion, implicating the NK1.1+ population as the major source of IFN-gamma. More importantly, vaccine-induced immunity in beta 2m-deficient mice was completely abrogated by in vivo administration of antibody to NK1.1, asialo GM1, or IFN-gamma. Together, the data suggest that in class I-deficient mice vaccinated against T. gondii, the absence of CD8+ effector cells is compensated for by the emergence of a population of NK1.1+ and asialo GM1+ cells which lack cytolytic activity, and that the protective action of these cells against the parasite is attributable to IFN-gamma production. The induction of this novel NK population may provide an approach for controlling opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts.
P115 Epidemiology, Characteristics and Management of Non Tuberculous Mycobacteria in a Devon Population
Authors: P Mitchelmore, C Sharp, R Unsworth, L Anning, T Burden, N Withers
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous species typically residing in soil and water. Their presentation as pathogens in disease is believed to be rising with the most common site of isolation being pulmonary. We have examined the epidemiology and characteristics of NTM presenting to our clinic over the period 2005–2012. <h3>Method</h3> Our database, including all patients with at least one identification of an NTM during the period of 2005–2012, was reviewed. Data presented includes all incidences documented from 2009 onwards, with additional data from before 2009 used to gain further demographic information about the population. Those who were non-resident in the area were excluded. The data was collected from Clinical Letters, Radiology and Pathology records, with data being reviewed by the lead investigator and one other in cases where information was uncertain. <h3>Results</h3> Data was obtained from 74 new isolations, with a total of 11 different species of NTM identified. Patients presenting had a median age of 68 and a range of 8–88 years. 39(53%) were female and 46 (62%) were “one-off” isolates. M. Avium-intracellulare (MAI) was the most frequently reported isolate (42 cases, 57%) followed by M. Chelonae (8, 11%) and M. Xenopi (6, 8%). The majority (68, 92%) of isolates were pulmonary with 45(66%) of these found in standard sputum culture. Most frequently recorded co-morbidities were bronchiectasis (35 cases, 47%) and COPD (20, 27%). Of the total of 74 cases only 24 (32%) had received treatment by the time of our survey. The overall rates for eradication and subsequent relapse in those treated patients were 50% and 25% respectively for the total population and 57% and 38% for those with MAI. At completion of the study the mortality rate within 2 years of the first positive sample was 18%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In keeping with previous UK surveys, the majority of isolates in our population were pulmonary with MAI being the most frequently seen species of NTM. In those in whom treatment was indicated low eradication rates and significant relapse rates confirm complexity of managing this population of patients.
Harmony Between Dentist and Physician.
Authors: David Edward Hoag
Journal: JAMA (1902)

New York City, July 24, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Much has been said from time to time regarding the ethics of the profession. Many articles have appeared in the medical journals on the same topic. Many minds, both lay and professional, have advanced theories relative to ethics, whereby the best interests of the community at large might be served, and the practice of medicine conducted along the most harmonious lines, with good will to all and malice toward none. The Code of Ethics of the American Medical Association has been more or less closely adhered to by both very eminent practitioners and others, with no dire calamity befalling the human family. Still, the American Medical Association is contemplating a revision of the code, which, I suppose, only marks more forcibly the march of progress. Yet, in spite of the moderate amount of harmony which prevails, queries are constantly given regarding
Case 41-1978
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Edwin P. Maynard, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Presentation of CaseA 28-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of gastrointestinal bleeding.The patient was well until five years earlier, when he sustained an abdominal injury in a motor-vehicle accident. The pyloric canal and liver were repaired, with partial resection of the omentum. Eleven months before entry bleeding per rectum developed, followed by hematemesis. He entered another hospital, where an upper gastrointestinal series showed marked thickening of the gastric folds. Gastroscopic examination revealed a questionable ulcer. An exploratory laparotomy disclosed multiple adhesions, and a planned total gastrectomy was abandoned. He continued to pass tarry stools and began . . .
Evidence of Positively Selected Sites in Mammalian α-Defensins
Authors: David J. Lynn, Andrew T. Lloyd, Mario A. Fares, Cliona O'Farrelly
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Alpha-defensins are a family of mammalian antimicrobial peptides that exhibit variable activity against a panel of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. We have employed a maximum-likelihood approach to detect evidence of positive selection (adaptive evolution) in the evolution of these important molecules of the innate immune response. We have identified 14 amino acid sites that are predicted to be subject to positive selection. Furthermore, we show that all these sites are located in the mature antimicrobial peptide and not in the prepropeptide region of the molecule, implying that they are of functional importance. These results suggest that mammalian alpha-defensins have been under selective pressure to evolve in response to potentially infectious challenges by fast-evolving microbes.
Chemoprophylaxis of Meningococcal Carriers
Authors: Malcolm S. Artenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

For over 20 years sulfadiazine was a model prophylactic agent: when used in closed populations, small amounts of sulfonamide drugs interrupted transmission of meningococci by eradicating the organism from the nasopharynges of asymptomatic carriers, who are the source of most meningococcal illnesses. With the development and spread of sulfonamide-resistant strains several years ago this era of tranquillity came to an abrupt end. The most recent data show that sulfonamide-resistant meningococci now account for over 70 per cent of the reported cases of meningococcal bacteremia and meningitis.1 At present no other chemoprophylactic drug has proved capable of preventing meningococcal disease or . . .
The Supper After the Masked Ball
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human beta-glucuronidase deficiency mucopolysaccharidosis: identification of cross-reactive antigen in cultured fibroblasts of deficient patients by enzyme immunoassay.
Authors: C E Bell, W S Sly, F E Brot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

An enzyme immunoassay for human beta-glucuronidase was developed to determine the presence or absence of antigenically cross-reactive material (CRM) in patients with beta-glucuronidase deficiency mucopolysaccharidosis. This assay provided a sensitive means of measuring the primary interaction between the enzyme molecule and antibody but required neither pure antigen nor monospecific antiserum, an important consideration, since neither of these was available. Goat antiserum to partially purified human placenta beta-glucuronidase did not recognize differences in normal enzyme from human placenta, liver, fibroblasts, or blood platelets. CRM was identified in fibroblast extracts from all four of the unrelated beta-glucuronidase-deficient patients studied, but titration patterns indicated genetic heterogeneity among these four mutant proteins. Fibroblast enzymes from two obligate heterozygotes were distinguishable immunologically from normal enzyme. The enzyme immunoassay was also used to compare human enzyme with liver enzyme from other mammalian species. CRM was present in liver extracts of all species tested, but the liver enzymes, except for the rabbit, were weakly cross-reactive. We conclude that despite certain limitations, the enzyme immunoassay for human beta-glucuronidase is useful and that all four beta-glucuronidase-deficient patients studied possess CRM.
Review ofNeurological Disorders Due to Systemic Disease
Authors: Douglas Paauw
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Isolation and purification of human large bowel mucosal lymphoid cells: effect of separation technique on functional characteristics.
Authors: P W Bland, E R Richens, D C Britton, J V Lloyd
Journal: Gut (1979)

Human large bowel lamina propria lymphoid cells have been isolated using both mechanical and enzymatic techniques. Their separation from other cell types after isolation was effected with greater efficiency by sedimentation on isokinetic gradients than by filtration through glass bead columns. After being purified, the capacity of the lamina propria lymphocytes to function in vitro as effector cells in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was determined. Mechanical distruption of the mucosa gave low yields of lymphoid cells, which lacked the capacity for cytotoxicity. Enzymatic digestion of mucosal tissue, by comparison, yielded large numbers of viable lymphoid cells which retained a significant level of cytotoxic activity. Investigation revealed that mechanical homogenisation stimulated the synthesis of prostaglandin E2, and inhibitor studies showed that this mediator was responsible for the lack of cytotoxic activity in mechanically-liberated lymphocytes.
AIDS in Belle Glade
Authors: H. J. Roberts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 August 1992AIDS in Belle GladeH. J. Roberts, MDH. J. Roberts, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-4-348_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The history of syphilis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Belle Glade, Florida, by Grey (1) is timely. These infections and the unique contributory influences have been of long-standing concern to my colleagues in the Palm Beach County Medical Society, especially since Belle Glade was designated "AIDS Capital of the U.S."The discussion of multifactorial components failed to mention another matter of probable relevance: the fluoridation of Belle Glade water for more than three decades. I recently reviewed this issue with public health officials when they advocated fluoridating all water supplies in Palm Beach County. My...Reference1. Grey M. Syphilis and AIDS in Belle Glade, Florida, 1942 and 1992. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:329-34. LinkGoogle Scholar1. Grey M. Syphilis and AIDS in Belle Glade, Florida, 1942 and 1992. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:329-34. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Cymet T. The spread of AIDS in the Haitian American population: a cultural perspective. Osteopathic Medical News. 1990;7:11-26. Google Scholar1. Grey M. Syphilis and AIDS in Belle Glade, Florida, 1942 and 1992. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:329-34. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 300 27th Street West Palm Beach, FL 33407-5299 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1992Volume 117, Issue 4Page: 348-349KeywordsAIDSPrevention, policy, and public healthSyphilis Issue Published: 15 August 1992 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Reflex parasympathetic coronary vasodilation elicited from cardiac receptors in the dog.
Authors: E O Feigl
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Veratrum alkaloids injected into the coronary circulation stimulate myocardial receptors to produce reflex bradycardia and arterial hypotension (the Bezold-Jarisch reflex). This study investigated the hypothesis that parasympathetic coronary vasodilation occurs as part of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Blood flow in the circumflex coronary artery was measured in chloralose-anesthetized, closed-chest dogs with a newly developed cannula-tip flow transducer. Alpha-receptor blockade with Dibozane (2 mg/kg) was used to prevent peripheral vasodilation, and beta-receptor blockade with propranolol (1 mg/kg) was used to prevent adrenergic cardiac effects. Electrical pacing was used to maintain a constant heart rate. Under these conditions, veratridine injected into the anterior descending coronary artery but not into the circumflex coronary artery produced a 63% increase in circumflex coronary blood flow and an 88% increase in diastolic coronary conductance. The effect was abolished when the reflex arc was interrupted by either vagotomy or atropine administration. It is concluded that a cardiocoronary reflex parasympathetic coronary vasodilation can be elicited by stimulating cardiac receptors with veratridine.
Gastric Cancer Risk Screening with Combined Assay for Serum Anti-Helicobacter Pylori IGG Antibody and Pepsinogen Level, So-Called “ABC Method”; Can We Need Imaging Study for Gastric Cancer Screening?
Authors: Nakamura Takayuki, Kon Yoichi, Konuma Kunio, Suto Yasumi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Treatment of Fordyce spots with 5-aminolaevulinic acid?photodynamic therapy
Authors: Y.J. Kim, H.Y. Kang, E-S. Lee, Y.C. Kim
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Fordyce spots are heterotopic sebaceous glands, clinically characterized by minute orange or yellowish pinhead‐sized macules or papules. Although the condition is not generally considered as pathological, there are some problematic cases causing significant cosmetic concern. To date, carbon dioxide laser or oral isotretinoin have been reported as treatment options but no ideal treatment is available.1, 2 Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality which involves the sequential administration of a photosensitizer or photosensitizer precursor, and light. It was recently demonstrated that protoporphyrin IX accumulates not only in neoplastic cells but preferentially also in the pilosebaceous units, which can be target tissues in 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)–PDT.3 This provides a theoretical rationale for exploring the use of ALA–PDT to treat several disorders of pilosebaceous units. Recently, clinical trials of ALA–PDT to treat acne vulgaris, sebaceous hyperplasia and naevus sebaceus showed some promising results with good cosmetic outcome.4–8 However, there have been no reports of PDT for the treatment of Fordyce spots. We report the treatment outcomes of ALA–PDT in the treatment of Fordyce spots.
The Migrainous Scintillating Scotoma
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The scintillating scotoma of migraine may occur without headache, particularly in persons beyond middle age. As an aid in recognition of the disorder, it may become necessary to assist the patient with the description of his symptom. The physician unfamiliar with the vagaries of migraine is apt to confuse this partial syndrome with transient ischemic attacks due to insufficient blood flow to the brain, most often associated with obstruction(s) in arteries traversing the neck. Intraoptic disorders and the episodic blindness of giant-cell arteritis are considerations in differential diagnosis. There should be no diagnostic confusion if the patient's history is developed carefully.
Heart-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Predicts Long-Term Mortality After Acute Coronary Syndrome and Identifies High-Risk Patients Across the Range of Troponin Values
Authors: Niamh Kilcullen, Karthik Viswanathan, Rajiv Das, Christine Morrell, Amanda Farrin, Julian H. Barth, Alistair S. Hall
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Congenital Pericardial Defect
Authors: F. David Fisher, J. L. Ehrenhaft
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE FIRST DESCRIPTION of congenital absence of the pericardium was given in 1559 by Realdo Columbus. Since then, over 110 cases have been reported. This relatively rare condition has been diagnosed with increased frequency in the last two decades. The defect is usually partial, involving the entire left portion of the pericardium. Much less common is the defect on the right, or the absence of the entire pericardium.<sup>1</sup>Occasionally the defect involves but a small portion of one side, again, usually the left side. In this case the defect gives rise to fairly distinctive signs and symptoms which will not be reviewed here.<sup>2-5</sup> Two cases of congenital absence of the pericardium are described in this report, one with complete, the other with left-sided absence of the pericardium. They illustrate the mode of presentation, symptomatology, and method of diagnosis common to many such cases. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1</h3>
Daytime reduction of gastro-oesophageal reflux after healing of oesophagitis and its value as an indicator of favourable response to maintenance treatment.
Authors: F Pace, O Sangaletti, G Bianchi Porro
Journal: Gut (1990)

In order to investigate the response of gastro-oesophageal reflux after medically induced healing of oesophagitis and its relation to the occurrence of relapse during prophylactic treatment, 20 patients with erosive/ulcerative oesophagitis underwent 24 hour oesophageal pH monitoring before and after healing achieved with 12 to 24 week treatment with ranitidine 150 or 300 mg twice daily. Compared with pretreatment values, after macroscopic healing, a significant reduction in daytime median percentage of reflux time (10.0 v 6.5; p less than 0.05) and median number of reflux episodes lasting more than 5 minutes (5-5 v 1.0; p less than 0.05) were observed, whereas during night time reflux frequency and severity did not change. During maintenance treatment with ranitidine 150 or 300 mg nocte, five of the six patients, who had shown no improvement in gastro-oesophageal reflux after acute healing, relapsed. These results suggest that, in contrast with previous work, a decrease in gastro-oesophageal reflux in patients with reflux oesophagitis can be achieved after macroscopic healing, and that the occurrence of such a reduction after acute healing is predictive of a good response to longterm treatment.
Drug companies must be open about using doctors as consultants, new code of practice demands
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The way that drug companies hire and reward doctors for consultancy work is to be regulated in the United Kingdom for the first time under new rules laid down by the British drug industry’s trade association.

The revised code of practice from the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry bars drug companies from offering “token consultancy arrangements” that are used “to justify compensating health professionals.”

Consultancy work must be covered by a written contract that lays out the services involved, it says, and remuneration should reflect fair market value. Companies should not engage more consultants than they need, says the new …