tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P131: Is Older Age (≥ 65 years old) Associated with Increased Mortality Following Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation?
Authors: David L Narotsky, Matthew Mosca, Ming Liao, Linda Mongero, James Beck, Matthew Bacchetta, Heidi Mochari-Greenberger
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being used as a life-saving bypass technique for patients whose acute cardiopulmonary failure is potentially reversible and refractory to conventional care. Prognostic data for ECMO among diverse patients are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between age (≥ 65 vs. &lt;65 years) and 1-year mortality after ECMO, adjusted for confounders. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of 131 consecutive adult patients (28% ≥65 years old, 26% racial/ethnic minority, 38% female) enrolled in an ECMO database who received veno-arterial ECMO at an academic medical center between 2004-2013. Demographics, comorbid conditions, admission characteristics, and mortality status at 1 year were obtained from the hospital clinical information system, updated monthly with Social Security Death Index data. Univariate and multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between age strata and post-ECMO mortality. Results: The 1-year mortality rate post-ECMO was 56% (n=73). Age ≥ 65 vs. &lt;65 was significantly associated with increased mortality (HR=1.8; 95% CI=1.1-2.9); the association was attenuated and did not retain statistical significance after adjustment for comorbid conditions (HR=1.4; 95% CI=0.8-2.5). Figure 1 illustrates mortality risk by age strata adjusted for: a) demographics (race/ethnicity and sex) and b) demographics and comorbid conditions. Race/ethnicity and sex were not significantly associated with 1-year mortality. Significant predictors of mortality included: Medicaid vs. other health insurance status, history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery, peripheral vascular disease, renal failure, dialysis, and shock (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Older age (≥65) was not independently associated with 1-year mortality among ECMO patients, but may indicate higher comorbidity, which was associated with increased risk of mortality in the year following ECMO.
Families of borderline patients: literal-minded parents, borderline parents, and parental protectiveness
Authors: R B Feldman, H A Guttman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

While borderline personality disorder is a well-established psychiatric diagnosis, less is known about family functioning and interactional patterns in subjects with the disorder. The authors describe interactional patterns in families of borderline children where one parent has a severe personality disorder and the other fails to protect the child adequately against the effects of that psychopathology. Two types of parents are described: the literal-minded parent and the borderline parent. The literal-minded parent resembles an alexithymic patient, lacking the ability to empathically understand and respond to the child's feelings and needs. The borderline parent uses the child as the target of projections and reality distortions. Therapy should mobilize the active protective functions of the healthier parent.
Risk and Fate of Cerebral Embolism After Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Alexander Ghanem, Andreas Müller, Claas P. Nähle, Justine Kocurek, Nikos Werner, Christoph Hammerstingl, Hans H. Schild, Jörg O. Schwab, Fritz Mellert, Rolf Fimmers, Georg Nickenig, Daniel Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The 8 Basic Payment Methods in Health Care
Authors: Kevin Quinn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Eight basic payment methods are applicable across all types of health care. Each method is defined by the unit of payment (per time period, beneficiary, recipient, episode, day, service, dollar of cost, or dollar of charges). These methods are more specific than common terms, such as capitation, fee for service, global payment, and cost reimbursement. They also correspond to the division of financial risk between payer and provider, with each method reflecting a risk factor within the health care spending identity. Financial risk gradually shifts from being primarily on providers when payment is per time period to being primarily on payers when payment is per dollar of charges. Method 4 (per episode) marks the line between epidemiologic and treatment risk. The 8 methods are typically combined to balance risk and thus balance incentives between payers and providers. This taxonomy makes it easier to understand trends in payment reform-especially the shifting division of financial risk and the movement toward value-based purchasing-and types of payment reform, such as bundling, accountable care organizations, medical homes, and cost sharing. The taxonomy also enables prediction of conflicts between payers and providers. For each unit of payment, providers are rewarded for increasing units while decreasing their own cost per unit. No payment method is neutral on quality because each encourages and discourages the provision of care overall and in particular situations. Many professional norms and business practices have been established to mitigate undesirable incentives. Health care differs from many other industries in that the unit of payment remains variable and unsettled.
Psychological effects of torture: a comparison of tortured with nontortured political activists in Turkey
Authors: M Başoğlu, M Paker, O Paker, E Ozmen, I Marks, C Incesu, D Sahin, N Sarimurat
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term effects of torture in a group of former political prisoners.The study was carried out in Istanbul, Turkey, where 55 Turkish political activists who had been tortured were compared with a closely matched group of 55 activists who had not been tortured. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, the Semistructured Interview for Survivors of Torture, and other self-rated and assessor-rated measures of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were used. The tortured and the nontortured activists were similar in age, sex, marital and socioeconomic status, political ideology, political involvement, stressful life events other than torture, and other features.The torture survivors reported an average of 291 exposures to a mean of 23 forms of torture. The mean length of their imprisonment was 47 months. The survivors of torture had significantly more symptoms of PTSD and anxiety/depression than the nontortured comparison subjects, although their PTSD symptoms were only moderately severe and their general mood was normal. Despite the severity of their torture experiences, the survivors had only a moderate level of psychopathology.The results suggest that torture has long-term psychological effects independent of those related to uprooting, refugee status, and other traumatic life events in a politically repressive environment. Prior knowledge of and preparedness for torture, strong commitment to a cause, immunization against traumatic stress as a result of repeated exposure, and strong social supports appear to have protective value against PTSD in survivors of torture.
"Schizoaffective disorder": an invalid diagnosis? A comparison of schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, and affective disorder
Authors: Harrison G. Pope, Joseph F. Lipinski, Bruce M. Cohen, Doris T. Axelrod
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The authors compared patients meeting widely accepted criteria for the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder, manic type, with patients meeting rigorous criteria for manic disorder and schizophrenia, using three methods of validation: family history, short-term treatment response, and long-term outcome. No significant differences were found between patients with manic disorder and schizoaffective disorder. However, consistent and often highly significant differences separated patients with schizophrenia from those with manic disorder and schizoaffective disorder. The findings suggest that schizoaffective disorder, as currently defined, is not a valid and independent entity. The authors suggest that psychotic disorders not diagnosable as manic-depressive illness or schizophrenia and without apparent organic basis would best be called "undiagnosed" or "atypical" psychosis. Further, while proposals for new diagnoses or for subtyping of schizophrenia or manic-depressive illness should be encouraged, these should undergo rigorous screening for validity before being accepted into clinical use.
Asthma, body mass, gender, and Hispanic national origin among 517 preschool children in New York City
Authors: J. S. Jacobson, R. B. Mellins, R. Garfinkel, A. G. Rundle, M. S. Perzanowski, G. L. Chew, H. F. Andrews, I. F. Goldstein
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Striking differences in asthma prevalence have been reported among Hispanic adults and children living in different cities of the USA. Prevalence is highest among those of Puerto Rican and lowest among those of Mexican origin. We hypothesized that body size would mediate this association. Methods: Parents of children in New York City Head Start programs completed a questionnaire including demographic factors, health history, a detailed history of respiratory conditions, lifestyle, and home environment. Children’s height and weight were measured in home visits. Logistic regression was used to model the association of asthma with body mass index percentile (&lt;85th percentile, gender/age specific vs ≥85th percentile, gender/age specific), national origin, and other factors. Results: Of 517 children at mean age of 4.0 ± 0.6 years, 34% met the study criteria for asthma, and 43% were above the 85th percentile. Asthma was strongly associated with non‐Mexican national origin, male gender, allergy symptoms, and maternal asthma, and marginally with body size. The odds of asthma among boys of non‐Mexican origin was 5.9 times that among boys of Mexican origin [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9–12.2]; the comparable odds ratio (OR) among girls was 1.8 (95% CI: 0.9–3.6). Body mass was associated with asthma among girls [OR = 2.0 (95% CI: 1.1–3.7)], but not boys [OR = 1.4 (95% CI: 0.8–2.6)]. Conclusions: The association of asthma with both body mass and national origin was gender‐specific among the children in our study. Ours is one of the first studies to report on pediatric asthma in different Hispanic populations in the same city, by gender.
Cryptogenic organising pneumonia focusing on its prognostic determinants
Authors: Robert Slivka, Peter Janik, Robert Holecko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim:   The aim of the study was searching for prognostic determinants of the cryptogenic organising pneumonia (COP).   Material a methods:   The 51 (33 women) patients with histopathologically proven COP cases were studied.   Results:   The average age of women was 53.24 ± 12.87 (average ± standard deviation) (20 ¸70) years and of men was 52.28 ± 14.0 (31¸78) years. The most common presenting symptoms were dyspnea, fever and dry cough. 35 patients had radiological records showing typical pattern of bilateral multifocal peripheral alveolar opacities and consolidations, 12 had unifocal consolidation or mass - like lesions, 3 had diffuse infiltrative lung disease and 1 patient had multifocal nodular metastases - like lesions. Pulmonary function tests were within normal limits in 26 patients, 13 patients demonstrated restrictive defects with reduced lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. Proportional increase in the percentage of lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils were seen in 14 patients in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and normal cell count in 6 patients.The ratio between CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes was decreased in 16 patients, normal in 9 and increased in 4 patients. Forty - one patients showed complete recovery,10 patients (9 women) became chronic.   Conclusions:   The potential negative prognostic determinants in COP are as follows: diffuse interstitial infiltrates on computer tomography (sensitivity 30 %, specificity 100 % ), normal percentage of the cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with normal ratio CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes (sensitivity 40 %, specificity 93.75 %), repetitive relapses of the disease (sensitivity 60 %, specificity 97.56 %).
Cerebral glucose metabolism, CSF 5-HIAA levels, and aggressive behavior in rhesus monkeys
Authors: D Doudet, D Hommer, J D Higley, P J Andreason, R Moneman, S J Suomi, M Linnoila
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

Considerable evidence suggests that low concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in CSF are associated with a history of aggressive behavior in both human and nonhuman primates. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships among CSF 5-HIAA concentration, history of aggressive behavior, and cerebral glucose metabolism in a group of nonhuman primates whose CSF 5-HIAA had been sampled several times over the preceding 2 years and whose social behavior had been observed since birth.The subjects were nine adult male rhesus monkeys studied under isoflurane anesthesia. Cerebral glucose utilization was measured by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Aggressiveness ratings were made by a primatologist who had had frequent contact with the animals over several years.There was a significant negative correlation between ratings of aggressive behavior and CSF 5-HIAA concentrations. There was also a negative correlation between the dose of pentobarbital required to induce anesthesia and level of CSF 5-HIAA. Moreover, there were significant negative correlations between CSF 5-HIAA levels and both whole brain glucose utilization and regional glucose utilization in the orbital-frontal cortex.These results suggest that both increased aggressiveness and low concentrations of CSF 5-HIAA are associated with higher brain glucose metabolism in rhesus monkeys under standardized anesthesia. Aggressive nonhuman primates with low CSF 5-HIAA concentrations may have "innate" tolerance toward functional gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor agonists such as pentobarbital, isoflurane, and possibly alcohol.
Abstract P301: Dietary Patterns and Circulating miRNA Expression in South Asians at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Meghana D Gadgil, Alka M Kanaya, Elena Flowers
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction:  South Asians are at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dietary patterns are associated with risk factors for T2D. MicroRNAs (miR), small, noncoding RNAs that bind to mRNA transcripts to regulate gene expression, are associated with glycemic progression in South Asians. We determined whether dietary pattern was associated with circulating miR expression in South Asians.   Methods:  Asian Indians (n=150), aged 45-84 years, without known CVD, from the San Francisco Bay area between August 2006 and October 2007 were enrolled in the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) pilot study. A food frequency questionnaire validated in South Asians was obtained from participants at baseline. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at baseline and after 2.5 years of follow-up. Circulating microRNAs were measured in plasma samples collected at baseline and stored at -80°C, using a customized Firefly Circulating MicroRNA assay. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was used to determine dietary patterns. Individual miRs were scaled by quartile and ordinal logistic regression models assessed associations with dietary pattern.   Results:  Two distinct dietary patterns were identified: “Western” (n=59) and Indian “Vegetarian” (n=91). Compared with the Western pattern, the Vegetarian pattern was associated with increased miR-197-3p expression (OR=2.0 [95% CI 1.1, 3.6]), previously linked with decreased odds for glycemic progression after 2.5 years in this cohort. The Vegetarian dietary pattern was associated with decreased miR-138-5p expression (OR 0.5 [95% CI 0.3-0.9]), previously associated with higher odds for glycemic progression. (Table)   Conclusions:  Dietary patterns are associated with expression of two circulating miRs that also predict glycemic progression in Asian Indians. Further studies are needed to determine if circulating microRNAs associated with dietary pattern may be biomarkers for incident T2D in the high risk South Asian population.
Abstract 566: ChemoPlex SRM assay predicts response to specific chemotherapeutic agents in NSCLC
Authors: Eunkyung An, Tae-Jung Kim, Manish Monga, Kathleen Bengali, Alexi Drilea, Joseph Reilly, Marlene Darfler, Jon Burrows, Todd Hembrough
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Current cancer treatment regimens rely on the use of chemotherapy agents that inhibit DNA replication and repair machinery. Several proteins are involved in this mechanism and these proteins have been identified as predictive biomarkers of response for many chemotherapy agents. While it has been demonstrated that expression levels of these biomarkers can predict chemotherapy response, chemotherapy in both the adjuvant and metastatic settings for NSCLC are not based on biomarker analysis. We have developed a quantitative, multiplex, mass spectrometry based diagnostic assay that can identify multiple biomarkers associated with chemotherapy benefit. At the time of abstract submission, the expression levels of each biomarker were surveyed in 23 NSCLC patients, and the biomarker level for each chemotherapy agent (ERCC1 and XRCC1 for Platinum based chemotherapy; FR alpha and GART for pemetrexed; hENT1 and RRM1 for gemcitabine; and TUBB3 for taxane) was evaluated with clinical outcome. We are extending these analyses with a population of 100 NSCLC tumors with associated outcome. Our pilot study shows a wide range of expression for each biomarker in patient biopsies. Among these biomarkers, FR alpha in NSCLC shows over 4 orders of magnitude in expression range. Also as expected, each biomarker level was found to be correlated with clinical outcome. For example, patients with high level of FR alpha showed improved response to pemetrexed; patients with lower level of TUBB3 showed improved response to taxane and patients with lower level of hENT1 showed poorer response to gemcitabine. Our preliminary retrospective data analysis suggests that the ChemoPlex SRM assay can help predict response to specific chemotherapeutic agents. This test can be used to characterize individual tumor biology and identify actionable targets that can better inform patient care. Citation Format: Eunkyung An, Tae-Jung Kim, Manish Monga, Kathleen Bengali, Alexi Drilea, Joseph Reilly, Marlene Darfler, Jon Burrows, Todd Hembrough. ChemoPlex SRM assay predicts response to specific chemotherapeutic agents in NSCLC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 566. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-566
Human papillomavirus testing
Authors: G. Rebello, N. Hallam, G. Smart, D. Farquharson, J. McCafferty, J. Little
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Editor—In This Week in the BMJ of 14 April our study of human papillomavirus testing and the management of women with mildly abnormal cervical smears is described as an NHS pilot1; it was not. In the accompanying editorial Manos expressed surprise that we advised caution in the clinical use of this test despite evidence for its role in managing women with borderline cervical smears.2 We intended the context of our advice to be that of our paper: the management of women with borderline or mildly dyskaryotic smears.

As we stated, although there is evidence from the United States that human papillomavirus testing is useful in triaging the equivalent of borderline change, such testing has limited potential in triaging the equivalent of mild dyskaryosis (because of high positivity for papillomavirus (83%)).3 Caution would seem reasonable if these two types of mild abnormality are being considered together (as in the NHS pilot scheme based in England) rather than separately (as in the United States). We were disappointed that Manos's editorial said little about mild dyskaryosis.

We found a prevalence of papillomavirus (41%) and a test sensitivity (86%) for those with only borderline smears that were comparable to those of the Kaiser Permanente study mentioned by Manos, but we found a lower sensitivity (92%) and negative predictive value (89%) for younger women (29 subjects) than it reported. We confirmed high positivity for papillomavirus (75%) among those with only mild dyskaryosis, with a low positive predictive value (39%); the highest negative predictive value in this subgroup was 92% among 68 younger women (1 pg/ml cut off point).

We agree that our study design contributed to the prevalence of high grade disease (35%), but this figure is consistent with that in previous reports.4 Our subjects had had persistent mildly abnormal smears before being referred for colposcopy (reflecting United Kingdom guidelines). Although high grade lesions associated with such smears tend to be small (emphasising the need for accurate diagnosis),4 no evidence exists that persistence in itself selects lesions that are difficult to sample or identify. We used large loop excision of the transformation zone because it is more accurate than colposcopic biopsy (and yields more high grade disease) and allows treatment at the first visit.5 Each specimen was examined by at least two pathologists (with initial reporting by at least one and then review by GR).

We believe that human papillomavirus testing may prove useful in cervical screening in certain defined contexts, which may involve different methodologies including the polymerase chain reaction. We await the results of the NHS pilot scheme.
The Autonomic Diseases or the Rheumatic Syndrome
Authors: J. R. Paul
Journal: JAMA (1935)

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Comparison of Apoptosis in Wild-Type and Fas-Resistant Cells: Chemotherapy-Induced Apoptosis Is Not Dependent on Fas/Fas Ligand Interactions
Authors: Christine M. Eischen, Timothy J. Kottke, Luis M. Martins, Guriqbal S. Basi, Jay S. Tung, William C. Earnshaw, Paul J. Leibson, Scott H. Kaufmann
Journal: Blood (1997)