tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diminished B cell secretory capacity in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: W K Ward, D C Bolgiano, B McKnight, J B Halter, D Porte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

In order to assess whether patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) possess normal insulin secretory capacity, maximal B cell responsiveness to the potentiating effects of glucose was estimated in eight untreated patients with NIDDM and in eight nondiabetic controls. The acute insulin response to 5 g intravenous arginine was measured at five matched plasma glucose levels that ranged from approximately 100-615 mg/dl. The upper asymptote approached by acute insulin responses (AIRmax) and the plasma glucose concentration at half-maximal responsiveness (PG50) were estimated using nonlinear regression to fit a modification of the Michaelis-Menten equation. In addition, glucagon responses to arginine were measured at these same glucose levels to compare maximal A cell suppression by hyperglycemia in diabetics and controls. Insulin responses to arginine were lower in diabetics than in controls at all matched glucose levels (P less than 0.001 at all levels). In addition, estimated AIRmax was much lower in diabetics than in controls (83 +/- 21 vs. 450 +/- 93 microU/ml, P less than 0.01). In contrast, PG50 was similar in diabetics and controls (234 +/- 28 vs. 197 +/- 20 mg/dl, P equals NS) and insulin responses in both groups approached or attained maxima at a glucose level of approximately 460 mg/dl. Acute glucagon responses to arginine in patients with NIDDM were significantly higher than responses in controls at all glucose levels. In addition, although glucagon responses in control subjects reached a minimum at a glucose level of approximately 460 mg/dl, responses in diabetics declined continuously throughout the glucose range and did not reach a minimum. Thus, A cell sensitivity to changes in glucose level may be diminished in patients with NIDDM. In summary, patients with NIDDM possess markedly decreased maximal insulin responsiveness to the potentiating effects of glucose. Such a defect indicates the presence of a reduced B cell secretory capacity and suggests a marked generalized impairment of B cell function in patients with NIDDM.
On the Treatment of the Local Irritation Caused by Contact with Certain Species of Acalephae
Authors: E. H. Greenhow
Journal: BMJ (1861)

The same treatment was continued through the next ,day; biut he gradually sank, and diedl on the 30th.'There wvas no expectoration throuahout.AUToPrsY, twenty-one hours after death.The sternal end of the clavicle was found to rest entirely on the upper bone of the sternum, thie interarticular cartilage 'being carried with it.The left pleuiral cavity contained a pint or more of bloody fluid.The lung was collapsed, ,and almiost black.On its posterior surface were two lacerations, neithier of theiii large.The third, fourth, fifth, sixthl, and seventh ribs on this side were broken near their angles, projecting sharply and roughly into the pleural cavity.The sixth rib was also separated fromo its cartilage.The fourth and fifth ribs on the right side were broken about miidway between the sternum andl their anigles.The pleura on this side was not injuired, and the lun1g itself was healthy.Both condyles of thie humerus were broken off; but there was no other injury, thie radius and ulna being intact and in proper position.
AN ANOXAEMIC TYPE OF INFANTILE ATROPHY
Authors: C. A. Botwood, H. S. Raper, E. Willock
Journal: BMJ (1925)

THE term " atrophy " is used to describe a condition in infants which is characterized by an obstinate refusal to gain weight and thrive, in spite of dietetic or medicinal treatment, and in whom no cause can be found to account
FDA proposes tightening post-market oversight of medical devices
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The US Food and Drug Administration is proposing additional steps to strengthen the post-market surveillance of medical devices. The FDA’s recommendations were made public in a report released on 6 September.1

“A medical device postmarket surveillance system should quickly identify poorly performing devices, accurately characterize and disseminate information about real-world device performance, including the clinical benefits and risks of marketed devices, and efficiently generate data to support premarket clearance or approval of new devices and new uses of currently marketed devices,” says the introduction to the report.

A federal law passed earlier this year required the FDA to include devices under the existing …
Anaphylaxis to subcutaneous neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin with simultaneous sensitization to protamine and insulin
Authors: C. Blanco, R. Castillo, J. Quiralte, J. Delgado, I. García, P. de Pablos, T. Carrillo
Journal: Allergy (1996)

We report an insulin-treated diabetic patient who suffered, in a 2-month period, three severe anaphylactic reactions immediately after self-administered subcutaneous injections of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) human recombinant-DNA insulin. These reactions consisted of local and systemic symptoms, including dyspnea and hypotension. A simultaneous sensitization to human insulin and to protamine was demonstrated, both by skin tests and by the determination of serum specific IgE. Suspecting protamine allergy, we performed a test dose to human lente insulin with perfect tolerance. After a 1-year follow-up with lente-insulin treatment, no reactions have occurred, despite treatment interruptions. Therefore, protamine IgE-mediated allergy probably caused our patient's reactions. In conclusion, protamine sensitization should be ruled out in any patient with a history of reactions to subcutaneous protamine-containing insulins, even if insulin sensitization is present.
Second Thoughts about Second-Look Laparotomy in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: J B Friedman, N S Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Since the early 1970s, second-look surgery has played a central part in studies of chemotherapy and radiation treatment for ovarian cancer of an advanced stage. Although the operation has been used extensively to evaluate the benefit of other types of treatment, the survival benefit of second-look surgery itself has not been demonstrated in a randomized trial.1 2 3 4 Nevertheless, second-look laparotomy has become an established practice in the community at large.4 5 6 7 Many women in the United States now undergo this major abdominopelvic operation, although its widespread use has become increasingly controversial.8 , 9 Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer . . .
A polymorphism in the regulatory region of APOE associated with risk for Alzheimer's dementia
Authors: María Jesus Bullido, María Jesús Artiga, María Recuero, Isabel Sastre, Miguel Angel García, Jesús Aldudo, Corinne Lendon, Sang Woo Han, John C. Morris, Anna Frank, Jesús Vázquez, Alison Goate, Fernando Valdivieso
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
Prevention of Jarisch–Herxheimer Reactions by Treatment with Antibodies against Tumor Necrosis Factor α
Authors: Daniel Fekade, Kyle Knox, Kebede Hussein, Amsel Melka, David G. Lalloo, Ruth E. Coxon, David A. Warrell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

In patients with louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis infection), antimicrobial treatment is often followed by sudden fever, rigors, and persistent hypotension (Jarisch–Herxheimer reactions) that are associated with increases in plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6, and interleukin-8. We attempted to determine whether sheep polyclonal Fab antibody fragments against TNF- α (anti–TNF-α Fab) could suppress the Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction.
Prinzmetal's variant form of angina pectoris. Re-evaluation of mechanisms.
Authors: M Endo, I Kanda, S Hosoda, H Hayashi, K Hirosawa, S Konno
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Thirty-five patients with typical Prinzmetal's variant angina were studied by coronary cineangiography. There was no demonstrable stenosis of the major coronary arteries in 19 patients. Nine patients with single coronary stenosis underwent aortocoronary bypass and had recurrence of the symptoms postoperatively. Administration of nifedipine effected complete cessation of the symptoms among patients formerly treated medically. Although surgical treatment did not effect permanent relief of pain, all patients initially treated surgically experienced relief of pain when nifedipine was administered. The pathophysiology of variant angina remains obscure. Our results suggest that neurohumoral factors exert more of an effect on the myocardial cell than on the coronary vessels.
THE PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CERTAIN COMMON SYMPTOMS IN THE UPPER ABDOMEN.
Authors: J. F. PERCY
Journal: JAMA (1905)

syphilitic papule, induced me to diagnose the case as erythema multiforme.The similarity of erythema multiforme to syphilis may be still more striking, as is illustrated by the fol- lowing case : Case 5.-A florist, aged 24 entered the county hospital on January 6, 1904, with the following history :History.-Two months previously, a sore the size of thumb nail appeared on the side of the prepuce, coming on 10 days after exposure to venereal infection.He was told by a physician that it was syphilitic and began taking mercury.Four days later, an enlargement of the inguinal glands ap- peared, followed by the appearance of red spots on the back of the neck.These subsequently spread rapidly over the
Evaluating the relationship between REM and memory consolidation: A need for scholarship and hypothesis testing
Authors: Carlyle Smith, Gregory M. Rose
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The function of REM, or any other stage of sleep, can currently only be conjectured. A rational evaluation of the role of REM in memory processing requires systematic testing of hypotheses that are optimally derived from a complete synthesis of existing knowledge. Our view is that the large number of studies supporting a relationship between REM-related brain activity and memory is not easily explained away. [Vertes &amp; Eastman]
Pregnant Schoolteachers — The Right to Bear Children and the Right to Work
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

THE United States Supreme Court continues in its difficult role as final Constitutional arbiter in a series of important cases concerning the rights of women. The Court has now struck down as unconstitutional the requirements of school boards in Cleveland, Ohio, and in Chesterfield County, Virginia, that all pregnant teachers take unpaid leave from their positions at an arbitrary point some months before the due date of the child (five months in Cleveland and four in Chesterfield County).1 As for re-employment, Cleveland required a physician's certification of physical fitness, but also would not allow a return to teaching before the . . .
Successful treatment of high titer inhibitors in mild hemophilia A with avoidance of factor VIII and immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Daniel Robbins, Roshni Kulkarni, Renuka Gera, Ajovi B. Scott‐Emuakpor, Kathy Bosma, John A. Penner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract We describe two patients with mild hemophilia A (MHA) who developed high titer inhibitor (HTI) following intensive recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) concentrate replacement for surgery and trauma. Intranasal desmopressin was instituted shortly following immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and activated prothrombin complex concentrate (APCC) in one case, and following APCC alone in the second case. Avoidance of factor VIII (FVIII) coupled with intranasal desmopressin prophylaxis three times a week resulted in undetectable inhibitor levels. Both patients have had no further bleeding episodes and have been maintained on desmopressin prophylaxis prior to activity for the past 2 to 3 years. Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) was used successfully prior to a second surgery in one patient without complication. Am. J. Hematol. 68:184–188, 2001.© 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AAV-Mediated gene delivery of BDNF or GDNF is neuroprotective in a model of huntington disease
Authors: Adrian P Kells, Dahna M Fong, Mike Dragunow, Matthew J During, Deborah Young, Bronwen Connor
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in the progressive loss of GABAergic medium spiny projection neurons in the striatum. Neurotrophic factors have demonstrated neuroprotective actions on striatal neurons, suggesting that increased neurotrophic factor expression may prevent or reduce neuronal loss in the HD brain. We investigated whether enhanced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), achieved by adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated gene delivery, could protect striatal neurons in the quinolinic acid (QA) rodent model of HD. Adult Wistar rats received unilateral intrastriatal injections of AAV-BDNF, AAV-GDNF, AAV-GFP, or PBS. Three weeks later, the rats were lesioned with QA, a toxin that induces striatal neuron death by an excitotoxic process. Both AAV-BDNF and AAV-GDNF significantly reduced the loss of both NeuN- and calbindin-immunopositive striatal neurons 2 weeks after lesion compared to controls. AAV-BDNF also provided significant neurotrophic support to NOS-immunopositive striatal interneurons, while AAV-GDNF-treated rats demonstrated significant protection of parvalbumin-immunopositive striatal interneurons compared to controls. These results indicate that AAV-mediated gene transfer of BDNF or GDNF into the striatum provides neuronal protection in a rodent model of HD.
AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING PROBABLY DUE TO "RAT VIRUS"
Authors: ROBB SPALDING SPRAY
Journal: JAMA (1926)

A typical outbreak of gastro-enteritis was reported. Oct. 23, 1924. The cases were restricted to about 140 persons of 225 eating regularly at the dining room of the women's hall of West Virginia University. Of 193 girl students questioned, 124 were affected with an acute gastro-enteritis, preceded by cramps, chills and fever, and vomiting, and accompanied by muscular pains, diarrhea and prostration. All made a prompt and uneventful recovery. The earliest case reported began at midnight Monday, October 20. Other cases followed rapidly, 109 cases being reported on Tuesday, thirteen on Wednesday, and one mild and atypical case on Thursday. On Wednesday, forty-five girls were prostrated in bed. The peak was between noon and 6 p. m. Tuesday, when thirty-three cases were reported. Subsequent study based on written questionnaires traced the source of trouble beyond reasonable doubt to the Monday noon meal. During the period of a week preceding to
NICE calls for a register
Authors: T. Stokes, F. Macbeth, P. Littlejohns
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Aims:</b> This study aimed to identify overlapping or diverging dysregulated genes, lncRNAs, miRNAs and signaling pathways in smoking and non-smoking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). <b>Methods:</b> Compared to normal controls, we identified the shared and divergent differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in smoking and non-smoking COPD by RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Functional annotation of DEmRNAs were performed. Both cis and trans-target DEmRNAs of DElncRNAs were identified. The target DEmRNAs of DEmiRNAs were identified as well. The DEmiRNA-DEmRNA-DElncRNA interaction network was constructed. The validation was performed by QRT-PCR. <b>Results:</b> Compared to normal control, 1234 DEmRNAs, 96 DElncRNAs and 151 DEmiRNAs were identified in non-smoking patients with COPD; 670 DEmRNAs, 44 DElncRNAs and 63 DEmiRNAs were identified in smoking patients with COPD. Leukocyte transendothelial migration and pathways in cancer were significantly enriched pathways in non-smoking and smoking COPD, respectively. MiR-122-5p-A2M-LINC00987/A2M-AS1/linc0061 interactions might play key roles in COPD irrespective with the smoking status. Let-7-ADRB1-HLA-DQB1-AS1 might play a key role in the pathogenesis of smoking COPD while miR-218-5p/miR15a-RORA-LOC101928100/LINC00861 and miR-218-5p/miR15a-TGFß3-RORA-AS1 interactions might involve with non-smoking COPD. <b>Conclusions:</b> We identified the shared and diverging genes, lncRNAs, miRNAs and their interactions and pathways in smoking and non-smoking COPD which provided clues for understanding the mechanism and developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for COPD.
A memorable patient: The father of the chapel
Authors: S. Goodman
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In the bad old days of heavy visiting I inherited this old couple from my senior partner. I was never sure of my role, except that I visited monthly. She was a short, fat, unpleasant woman, and he was gaunt and craggy, and very deaf. So deaf that he used an ear trumpet, despite my extolling the virtues of the then new NHS hearing aids. The household was made up with their 60 plus year old son and a small aggressive dog, which …
Abstract 2171: Weight change in relation to early breast cancer events in breast cancer patients
Authors: Xuyian Kenéz, Andrea Markkula, Maria Simonsson, Christian Ingvar, Carsten Rose, Helena C. Jernström
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Weight change may influence breast cancer prognosis. The aim was to investigate whether weight change between the preoperative and 1-year postoperative visit was associated with risk of early breast cancer events in a population-based cohort of breast cancer patients in Sweden. Methods: Weight was measured by research nurses at the preoperative and the 1-year follow-up visits from 849 primary breast cancer patients operated between 2002 and 2011 in Lund, Sweden. Tumor characteristics, clinical data, and date of death were obtained from pathology reports, patient charts, and population registries. Results: The median follow-up was three years and 79 early breast cancer events occurred during the follow-up period. In all patients, there was a non-significant tendency towards decreased risk of early events with weight loss (Ptrend = 0.11). Weight loss was significantly associated with lower risk of early events compared to stable weight or weight gain in patients with axillary nodal involvement (Ptrend = 0.012), but not in patients without axillary nodal involvement. Further analysis showed that weight loss was only significantly associated with lower risk of early events among patients younger than 70 years with axillary nodal involvement, while patients who had gained more than 5% of the preoperative weight had significantly earlier events compared to those with stable weight. The results remained significant after adjustment for age at diagnosis, natural logarithm of the preoperative weight, invasive tumor size, axillary nodal involvement, and ER status. Further adjustments for smoking and alcohol abstinence, ever use of hormone therapy, or for treatments did not materially change the result. Conclusion: Weight loss was associated with significantly lower risk for early breast cancer events in patients younger than 70 years with axillary nodal involvement compared to stable weight or weight gain. If these results are confirmed, weight management may be incorporated in post-diagnosis management of breast cancer patients with axillary nodal involvement and have a significant beneficial impact on short-term prognosis. Citation Format: Xuyian Kenéz, Andrea Markkula, Maria Simonsson, Christian Ingvar, Carsten Rose, Helena C. Jernström. Weight change in relation to early breast cancer events in breast cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2171. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2171
Pethidine for painful crises in sickle cell disease.
Authors: A Mitchell, A P Fisher, M Brunner, R G Ware, M Hanna
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Rates of registration of gastric cancer (per 100000) by sex for 1962-5' and 1978-824 in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, West Midlands region, and Scotland, standardised to world standard population (all ages) and to truncated world standard population (ages 35-64 only) Men Women
Relationship between depression and exacerbations in COPD: a response
Authors: C. Laurin, K. L. Lavoie, S. L. Bacon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

To the Editors: 

A well-conducted prospective study was published in a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal ( ERJ ), which assessed the relationship between depressive symptoms, exacerbation frequency (as defined by the presence of two symptoms on 2 consecutive days), systemic inflammation, and social factors among 169 stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients 1. Quint et al . 1 found that patients with frequent exacerbations exhibited significantly more depressive symptoms than those with infrequent exacerbations.

The research of Quint et al . 1 is unique because previous work 2 has mostly focused on cross-sectional links between depressive symptoms and …
Controlled Study of the Effective Level of Long-Term Anticoagulation
Authors: Christos B. Moschos, Peter C. Y. Wong, Herbert S. Sise
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In an attempt to determine the proper range of long-term anticoagulation, a group of patients under treatment were divided into three treatment groups, intensive, moderate, and control. While there was not a significant difference in the mortality in these 178 patients who were followed for two years, there was a statistically significant reduced number of thromboembolic complications both in the intensive and moderate treatment groups compared to the control group. Since there were more hemorrhages in the intensively treated group, the moderately treated patients fared the best overall. The Quick test results averaged 15 to 20 seconds; thrombotest, 8% to 20%; prothrombinproconvertin test, 20% to 50%; and factor II (prothrombin), 30% to 50%. These ranges are more moderate than the generally recommended ones.
Treatment of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer in the Real World: Population-Based Practices and Effectiveness
Authors: Monika K. Krzyzanowska, Jane C. Weeks, Craig C. Earle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To evaluate the use and effectiveness of cancer-directed therapy in elderly patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).We used the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare database to perform a retrospective cohort study in 1,696 patients diagnosed with LAPC between 1991 and 1996. We calculated cancer-directed treatment use rates, then used logistic regression to identify patient and health system factors that were associated with receipt of treatment. Effectiveness of treatment was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models and propensity score methods.In our cohort, 44% of patients received some form of cancer-directed therapy (24% radiation with concurrent chemotherapy, 13% radiation alone, and 7% chemotherapy alone). Older age, lower socioeconomic status, presence of comorbid illness, no care in a teaching hospital, and residence in the western United States were associated with a lower likelihood of receiving treatment (P </=.05). Among those treated, younger age and certain geographic locations were the only predictors of receiving combined-modality therapy. The adjusted hazard ratio for death associated with any treatment in the Cox model was 0.53 (P <.0001). Effectiveness estimates obtained using propensity score methods were similar.This analysis supports the effectiveness of cancer-directed treatment in elderly patients with LAPC, but use is low. Receipt of treatment is strongly correlated with non-disease-related factors, especially sociodemographic characteristics, indicating possible disparities in access to care.