tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distinct Signal Thresholds for the Unique Antigen Receptor–Linked Gene Expression Programs in Mature and Immature B Cells
Authors: Robert J. Benschop, Doron Melamed, David Nemazee, John C. Cambier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Although it is well established that immature B lymphocytes are exquisitely sensitive to tolerance induction compared with their mature counterparts, the molecular basis for this difference is unknown. We demonstrate that signaling by B cell antigen receptors leads to distinct and mutually exclusive biologic responses in mature and immature B cells: upregulation of CD86, CD69, and MHC class II in mature cells and receptor editing in immature cells. These responses can be induced simply by elevation of intracellular free calcium levels, as occurs after receptor aggregation. Importantly, induction of immature B cell responses requires much smaller increases in intracellular free calcium than does induction of mature B cell responses. These differences in biologic response and sensitivity to intracellular free calcium likely contributes to selective elimination at the immature stage of even those B cells that express low affinity for self-antigens.
Medical-Psychiatric Service
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

Recently, some American general hospitals have organized medical-psychiatric units for patients with concomitant medical and psychiatric disorder. These services have attracted considerable interest for their psychosomatic features, namely the treatment of patients who require acute hospital care and cannot be managed adequately either in a standard psychiatric unit or in the medical-surgical wards of the general hospital. In due course, however, as often happens with innovations, the establishment of medical-psychiatric units has also come in for criticism and evaluation. Different models of medical-psychiatric services are discussed and compared.
Caring for Patients at the End of Life: Facing an Uncertain Future Together
Authors: Judith C. Ahronheim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medical Writings: Book Notes16 October 2001Caring for Patients at the End of Life: Facing an Uncertain Future TogetherJudith C. Ahronheim, MDJudith C. Ahronheim, MDNew York Medical College and Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Centers, New York, New York. (Ahronheim)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-8_Part_1-200110160-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Quill TE. 248 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 2001. $24.95. ISBN 0195139402. Order phone 800-451-7556.Field of medicine: Palliative and end-of-life care.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Physicians, other health professionals, and students.Purpose: To explore, understand, and teach what can be done for patients at the end of life and what the physician might experience during this process.Content: Each of 13 chapters addresses a specific aspect of end-of-life care. Three major sections cover “underlying values and assumptions” about the physician–patient relationship. “The Medical Interview” explores the right and wrong ways of discussing difficult issues with patients, and “Difficult ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York Medical College and Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Centers, New York, New York. (Ahronheim) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 October 2001Volume 135, Issue 8_Part_1Page: 636KeywordsDrugsEatingForecastingHealth carePatient advocacySedationSoftware toolsSuicide ePublished: 16 October 2001 Issue Published: 16 October 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
An Evaluation of Patient Performance of and Their Satisfaction with Various Rapid Blood Glucose Measurement Systems
Authors: Pamala K Fairclough, Rex S Clements, David V Filer, David S H Bell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

We evaluated the performance of 50 insulin-dependent diabetic patients in the measurement of their own capillary blood glucose concentrations using Chemstrip bG, Dextrostix-Dextrometer, and StatTek systems. With all systems, patient performance was suboptimal when compared with the accuracy of paramedical personnel. The percentage of patient determinations that differed from the laboratory value by more than 20% was 37%, 30%, and 14% for the Chemstrip bG, Dextrostix-Dextrometer, and StatTek systems, respectively. Only 39 of the patients (78%) could perform accurately with any system. Youth, lack of a higher education, and lower income status contributed significantly to the patients' inaccuracy with the Chemstrip bG technique, whereas these factors had no effect on patient performance with the reflectance meter techniques. Nearly all of the patients were enthusiastic about the value of home glucose monitoring as a means to assess their glycemic control. However, only 30% of the patients selected for home use a technique at which they were suitably adept. In part, this selection error appeared to be due to the greater cost and inconvenience of the reflectance meter techniques compared with the Chemstrip bG technique. These data indicate that unless proper instruction is provided, home glucose monitoring should only be used by a fraction of insulin-requiring diabetic patients and the choice of a particular system for use by an individual patient should be predicated upon his or her demonstrated proficiency with that system.
Polymeric micelles loaded with platinum anticancer drugs target preangiogenic micrometastatic niches associated with inflammation
Authors: Hailiang Wu, Horacio Cabral, Kazuko Toh, Peng Mi, Yi-Chun Chen, Yu Matsumoto, Naoki Yamada, Xueying Liu, Hiroaki Kinoh, Yutaka Miura, Mitsunobu R. Kano, Hiroshi Nishihara, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Kazunori Kataoka
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
The Feminization of Medicine and Population Health
Authors: Susan P. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mouse models of angiogenesis, arterial stenosis, atherosclerosis and hemostasis
Authors: P Carmeliet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

The development of efficient transgenic technologies in mice has allowed the study of the consequences of genetic alterations on cardiovascular (patho)physiology, although the development of such models have been hampered by size limitation of species resulting in time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly analyses. This overview summarizes the murine models currently available for studying or manipulating angiogenesis, arterial stenosis, atherosclerosis, transplant arteriopathy, thrombosis, thrombolysis and bleeding and addresses techniques to evaluate vascular development during embryogenesis.
CD99 and CD99L2 act at the same site as, but independently of, PECAM-1 during leukocyte diapedesis
Authors: M. Gabriele Bixel, Hang Li, Bjoern Petri, Alexander G. Khandoga, Andrej Khandoga, Alexander Zarbock, Karen Wolburg-Buchholz, Hartwig Wolburg, Lydia Sorokin, Dagmar Zeuschner, Sigrid Maerz, Stefan Butz, Fritz Krombach, Dietmar Vestweber
Journal: Blood (2010)
Provision of Spiritual Support to Patients With Advanced Cancer by Religious Communities and Associations With Medical Care at the End of Life
Authors: Tracy A. Balboni, Michael Balboni, Andrea C. Enzinger, Kathleen Gallivan, M. Elizabeth Paulk, Alexi Wright, Karen Steinhauser, Tyler J. VanderWeele, Holly G. Prigerson
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Previous studies report associations between medical utilization at the end-of-life (EoL) and religious coping and spiritual support from the medical team. However, the influence of clergy and religious communities on EoL outcomes is unclear.To determine whether spiritual support from religious communities influences terminally ill patients' medical care and quality of life (QoL) near death.A US-based, multisite cohort study of 343 patients with advanced cancer enrolled from September 2002 through August 2008 and followed up (median duration, 116 days) until death. Baseline interviews assessed support of patients' spiritual needs by religious communities. End-of-life medical care in the final week included the following: hospice, aggressive EoL measures (care in an intensive care unit [ICU], resuscitation, or ventilation), and ICU death.End-of-life QoL was assessed by caregiver ratings of patient QoL in the last week of life. Multivariable regression analyses were performed on EoL care outcomes in relation to religious community spiritual support, controlling for confounding variables, and were repeated among high religious coping and racial/ethnic minority patients.Patients reporting high spiritual support from religious communities (43%) were less likely to receive hospice (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.37; 95% CI, 0.20-0.70 [P = .002]), more likely to receive aggressive EoL measures (AOR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.14-6.06 [P = .02]), and more likely to die in an ICU (AOR, 5.22; 95% CI, 1.71-15.60 [P = .004]). Risks of receiving aggressive EoL interventions and ICU deaths were greater among high religious coping (AOR, 11.02; 95% CI, 2.83-42.89 [P < .001]; and AOR, 22.02; 95% CI, 3.24-149.58 [P = .002]; respectively) and racial/ethnic minority patients (AOR, 8.03; 95% CI, 2.04-31.55 [P = .003]; and AOR, 11.21; 95% CI, 2.29-54.88 [P = .003]; respectively). Among patients well-supported by religious communities, receiving spiritual support from the medical team was associated with higher rates of hospice use (AOR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.03-5.44 [P = .04]), fewer aggressive interventions (AOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06-0.79 [P = .02]) and fewer ICU deaths (AOR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05-0.80 [P = .02]); and EoL discussions were associated with fewer aggressive interventions (AOR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.63 [P = .01]).Terminally ill patients who are well supported by religious communities access hospice care less and aggressive medical interventions more near death. Spiritual care and EoL discussions by the medical team may reduce aggressive treatment, highlighting spiritual care as a key component of EoL medical care guidelines.
Seeing is believing.
Authors: J Baillie, M S Branch
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Objective:</h3> In this study, we investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) variants in Honduran women with normal cytology and with dysplasia and cervical cancer. <h3>Methods:</h3> Samples identified as positive for HPV-16 by SPF10-LiPA were tested for intratypic subtypes and variants by analysis of the E6/E7 region using a novel reverse hybridization assay (line probe assay). <h3>Results:</h3> We found that most infections in all clinical groups belong to the E6 European variants, suggesting that HPV-16 non-European variants do not represent an additional factor associated with increased occurrence of high-grade cervical lesions in the studied population. Among the 106 HPV-16-positive women analyzed, E-350G was the most prevalent variant in all different disease stages, being present in 18% of cervical cancer, 13% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN III), 5% of CIN II, 5% of CIN I, and 20% of control samples. Mixed variants of HPV-16 infections were detected in 7.7% of the samples, mostly in women with normal cytology. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> This study shows for the first time the diversity of HPV-16 variants in cervical samples of Honduran women.
Effects of Dexamethasone on Leukotriene Synthesis and Airway Responses to Antigen and Leukotriene D<sub>4</sub> in Rats
Authors: William S. Powell, Li-Jing Xu, James G. Martin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cysteinyl-LTs) are important mediators of both early and late allergen-induced airway responses in atopic asthmatics. We have investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on the in vivo synthesis of cysteinyl-LTs and airway responses to these mediators. Ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized Brown Norway rats, which exhibit early responses and, in most cases, also late responses to late antigen challenge, were treated with either one dose (1 h before antigen challenge) or two doses (2 and 14 h before challenge) of dexamethasone (dex; 300 µg/kg). A third group of sensitized rats which did not receive dex served as control animals. All rats were subjected to bile duct cannulation and tracheal intubation 2 h before intratracheal instillation of OA. All of the OA-treated control rats had pronounced early responses (5.5 ± 1.0 times baseline pulmonary resistance [Rl]), whereas 5 of 7 rats had late responses. Biliary levels of N-acetyl-LTE4 increased in all control rats following antigen challenge with a maximum occurring between 1 to 2 h, followed by a decline. There appeared to be a second maximum between 6 to 7 h after challenge, although this could not be demonstrated statistically because of the variability in the response among animals. Treatment with two doses of dex reduced the early response by 57%, completely eliminated the late response, and reduced the levels of N-acetyl-LTE4 in bile by about 80% at all time points. In contrast, treatment of rats with a single dose of dex had no effect on biliary concentrations of N-acetyl-LTE4 for the first 5 h after challenge, and reduced levels by only about 50% (not significant) during the sixth and seventh hours. In spite of this, a single dose of this steroid inhibited the early response by nearly 80% and virtually eliminated the late response. This discrepancy could possibly be explained by the finding that dex, injected 1 h before instillation of LTD4, increased the ED200 for the effect of LTD4 on Rl from about 3 ng/rat to about 40 ng/rat. Thus glucocorticoids can reduce the involvement of cysteinyl-LTs in allergen-induced airway responses in the rat by two mechanisms, depending on the number of doses: first by inhibiting their in vivo synthesis and second by reducing airway responses to these substances.
The Curative Effect of Chloral in Two Cases of Albuminuria
Authors: T. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1882)

for it a prominent position amongst the drugs known as hypnotics-a position which the experience of medical men has more than confirmed.Its inventor only regarded it as a sleep-producer.Little did he think of the various uses to which it might be applied.Like all new drugs, however, chloral has been used in various combinations for the most varied affections.No one, I think, has as yet drawn the attention of the profession to the almost marvellous effect of chloral in causing albumen to disappear from the urine, and with it the presence of an existing cedema.I am aware that no absolute results can be based upon the success which has followed the treatment of one or two cases of albuminuria; but the facts are so strong, and the results of treatment so striking, that these must be my excuse for bringing them under the notice of the profession.Mrs. R., a delicate-looking woman, aged 40 years, was delivered of her eighth child in February last.Her children had come rather quickly; on the last occasion, it was the second within the year.During the time sbe was carrying her last baby there was no cedema of the legs, and nothing occurred of any importance during the period of gestation.Her last labour finished well; but, somehow or other, she never re.gained her strength.She suffered from night-sweats.The end of March found her suffering from couigh and severe attacks of asthma.
<i>Clostridium tertium</i>Septicemia
Authors: Benjamin M. King, Benjamin A. Ranck, Forrest D. Daugherty, Charles A. Rau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

CLOSTRIDIUM tertium§ has been classified as a nontoxin-producing, nonpathogenic species of clostridia. We are presenting 2 cases below in which this organism was cultured from the bloodstream of patients with similar illnesses for which no other definitive diagnosis could be made other than the possibility of a septicemia due to Cl. tertium.Case ReportsCase 1. D.O., a 7-year-old boy, had been sick for approximately 72 hours before admission on February 11, 1962, with a temperature that on the day of admission had reached 105°F. by mouth. He had a nonproductive cough and complained of a slight sore throat. . . .
The Coming Meeting of the Association at Denver.
Authors: J. F. Jenkins
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Tecumseh, Mich., Nov. 29, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The editorial in theJournalof November 20, under the heading " Influence and Environment of Medical Men," is well worth the perusal of every member of our profession. The article alluded to particularly points out the absolute necessity and special benefit these National gatherings have on the physician who attends them, irrespective of his home surroundings. The author further states that, "The coming meeting should bring out two thousand physicians." But should it not bring out five thousand? If the Committee on Transportation can obtain the same railroad rates that are given to stockmen's conventions, butcher's conventions, political conventions of all sorts and shades, Christian science and similar crank conventions, we should have at least five thousand physicians at the Denver meeting, instead of two thousand, as anticipated by theJournal. Respectfully yours,
Antidepressants and suicide: what is the balance of benefit and harm
Authors: David Gunnell, Deborah Ashby
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Prescribing of antidepressants has increased greatly in England and elsewhere in recent years.1–3 This increase has coincided with a fall in rates of suicide, leading some researchers to suggest a causal association.2 4–6 Meanwhile, others are concerned that antidepressants may precipitate suicidal behaviour.7 8 A recent review of evidence from paediatric trials by the Committee on Safety of Medicines in Britain led to most selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) being contraindicated in people aged younger than 18.9 So how safe are they? In this article, we assess the data on the risks and benefits.

SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants account for over 90% of antidepressant prescribing in Britain. Systematic reviews confirm that both these classes of antidepressant are effective in adults,10 although SSRIs are better tolerated by patients.11 The effectiveness of antidepressants in childhood and adolescence is less clear.12

As depression is the main psychiatric condition leading to suicide, it seems reasonable to infer that rises in antidepressant prescribing, which indicate improved management of depression, should have a beneficial effect on suicide rates. Indeed, an intervention to improve general practitioners' management of depression in a Swedish community resulted in increased antidepressant prescribing and a short term reduction in suicide.13

#### Summary points

Concern is growing that serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may precipitate suicidal behaviour, especially in children

Reassuringly, although antidepressant prescribing in Britain has more than doubled in the past 15 years, population suicide rates have fallen.

If the risks of SSRI associated suicidal behaviour seen in children were to apply to suicide in adults, the number of “antidepressant induced” suicides would be small enough to be masked by currently favourable suicide trends

Long term studies are required to assess the risks and benefits to population health of recent large scale rises …
Evolution of noninvasive tests of liver fibrosis is associated with prognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Julien Vergniol, Jérôme Boursier, Clélia Coutzac, Sandrine Bertrais, Juliette Foucher, Camille Angel, Faiza Chermak, Isabelle Fouchard Hubert, Wassil Merrouche, Frédéric Oberti, Victor de Lédinghen, Paul Calès
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

No data are available about the prediction of long-term survival using repeated noninvasive tests of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We aimed to assess the prognostic value of 3-year liver stiffness measurement (LSM), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) evolution in CHC. CHC patients with two LSM (1,000-1,500 days interval) were prospectively included. Blood fibrosis tests APRI and FIB-4 were calculated the day of baseline (bLSM) and follow-up (fLSM) LSM. Evolution of fibrosis tests was expressed as delta: (follow-up-baseline results)/duration. Date and cause of death were recorded during follow-up that started the day of fLSM. In all, 1,025 patients were included. Median follow-up after fLSM was 38.0 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 27.7-46.1) during which 35 patients died (14 liver-related death) and seven had liver transplantation. Prognostic accuracy (Harrell C-index) of multivariate models including baseline and delta results was not significantly different between LSM and FIB-4 (P ≥ 0.24), whereas FIB-4 provided more accurate prognostic models than APRI (P = 0.03). By multivariate analysis including LSM variables, overall survival was independently predicted by bLSM, delta (dLSM), and sustained virological response (SVR). Prognosis was excellent in patients having bLSM <7 kPa, SVR, or no increase (<1 kPa/year) in 7-14 kPa bLSM. Prognosis was significantly impaired in patients with an increase (≥ 1 kPa/year) in 7-14 kPa bLSM, or decrease (≤ 0 kPa/year) in ≥ 14 kPa bLSM (P = 0.949 between these two groups). Patients with an increase (>0 kPa/year) in ≥ 14 kPa bLSM had the worst prognosis. Baseline and delta FIB-4 also identified patient subgroups with significantly different prognosis.Three-year evolution of noninvasive tests of liver fibrosis has a strong prognostic value in CHC patients. These tests should be repeated to monitor patients and predict their outcome.