tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIV Risk From Oral Sex Higher Than Many Realize
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Why Patients With Asthma Go to the Emergency Room-Reply
Authors: Lawrence W. Green
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We have read Dr Aelony's reaction to our article. He suggests possible alternative treatment in the emergency room for asthma attacks: the use of oral medications similar to the ones the patient can use at home. The author states that an efficacious experience with oral agents in the emergency room situation will replace the need for educational interventions for subsequent self-management of asthma. We agree the use of oral agents in the emergency room would provide a demonstrated and reinforcing experience for future self-treatment with such medications. However, Dr Aelony is in error in assuming continuous compliance will result if a patient has one effective experience with the treatment recommended for selfadministration. If Dr Aelony's assumptions were true, how can the low rates of cooperation or compliance with prescribed medical regimens be explained where persons have experienced the benefits of the regimen? Certainly there are many therapeutic situations
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in hypertension
Authors: J. M. Ritter
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<i>Abstract</i>. In the developing rat kidney, there is no separation of the medulla into an outer and inner zone. At the time of birth, ascending limbs with immature distal tubule epithelium are present throughout the renal medulla, all loops of Henle resemble the short loop of adult animals, and there are no ascending thin limbs. It was demonstrated previously that immature thick ascending limbs in the renal papilla are transformed into ascending thin limbs by apoptotic deletion of cells and transformation of the remaining cells into a thin squamous epithelium. However, it is not known whether this is the only source of ascending thin limb cells or whether cell proliferation occurs in the segment undergoing transformation. This study was designed to address these questions and to identify sites of cell proliferation in the loop of Henle. Rat pups, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 d old, received a single injection of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) 18 h before preservation of kidneys for immunohistochemistry. Thick ascending and descending limbs were identified by labeling with antibodies against the serotonin receptor, 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>, and aquaporin-1, respectively. Proliferating cells were identified with an antibody against BrdU. BrdU-positive cells in descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle were counted and expressed as percentages of the total number of aquaporin-1—positive and 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>—positive cells in the different segments. In the developing kidney, numerous BrdU-positive nuclei were observed in the nephrogenic zone. Outside of this location, BrdU-positive tubule cells were most prevalent in medullary rays in the inner cortex and in the outer medulla. BrdU-labeled cells were rare in the papillary portion of the loop of Henle and were not observed in the lower half of the papilla after 3 d of age. BrdU-labeled nuclei were not observed in segments undergoing transformation or in newly formed ascending thin limb epithelium. It was concluded that the growth zone for the loop of Henle is located around the corticomedullary junction, and the ascending thin limb is mainly, if not exclusively, derived from cells of the thick ascending limb.
Huntington's disease: deterioration in clinical state during treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.
Authors: J Goldblatt, A Bryer
Journal: BMJ (1987)

This plus the immediacy of the reaction suggest that his death was unlikely to have been due to toxicity.Nebulised lignocaine may cause narrowing of the airways in patients with asthma,2 but this is rarely of clinical importance especially as nebulised bronchodilators are given before fibreoptic bronchoscopy.Hypersensitivity to lignocaine is uncommon.Urticarial reactions may occur,3 and deaths due to anaphylaxis after small doses of injected local anaesthetic have been reported.45We believe that this is the first reported death due to topical lignocaine during fibreoptic bronchoscopy.This procedure, however, remains safe with few complications.
Abstract 4056: <i>Gaussia</i> luciferase complementation demonstrates that secreted CXCL12 (SDF-1) forms dimer under physiologic conditions
Authors: Paramita Ray, Sarah A. Lewin, Laura Anne Mihalko, Sasha Cai Lesher-Perez, Shuichi Takayama, Kathryn E. Luker, Gary D. Luker
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Chemokine CXCL12 signaling through receptors CXCR4 and/or CXCR7 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in more than 20 different human malignancies, establishing CXCL12 as a promising therapeutic target in cancer. Under physiologic conditions, many chemokines form homodimers, which may activate signaling pathways distinct from those regulated by monomers of the same chemokine. Prior studies with recombinant, mutant forms of CXCL12 engineered to form either monomers or dimers show that monomeric and dimeric CXCL12 preferentially activate different downstream signaling molecules. However, the extent to which CXCL12 forms homodimers under physiologic conditions and resultant effects on CXCR4 and CXCR7 signaling remain to be determined. To analyze dimerization of CXCL12 secreted by mammalian cells, we used bioluminescence imaging of CXCL12 fused to either full length or complementation fragments of Gaussia luciferase (GL). Using column chromatography and GL protein fragment complementation, we demonstrated that CXCL12 is secreted from mammalian cells as both monomers and homodimers, and the homodimer remains stable in the extracellular environment. In 3D spheroid cultures, we also established that CXCL12 secreted from two independent cell populations can form homodimers in the extracellular space. Relative to dimeric CXCL12, monomeric CXCL12 preferentially signaled via CXCR4 to Gαi proteins to activate AKT and suppress intracellular cAMP. By comparison, dimeric CXCL12 was more potent at recruiting α-arrestin 2 to CXCR4 and regulating chemotaxis CXCR4+ breast cancer cells. In cell-based assays and an orthotopic tumor xenograft model of human breast cancer, we also found that CXCR7 preferentially sequestered monomeric CXCL12 and had minimal accumulation of the dimer. From these studies, we conclude that CXCL12 secreted from mammalian cells forms homodimers under physiologic conditions, and monomeric versus homodimeric CXCL12 regulate distinct signaling pathways. These results inform ongoing efforts to target CXCL12 and its receptors for cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4056. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4056
Fundamentals of Internal Medicine A Physiologic and Clinical Approach to Disease
Authors: Ford K. Hick
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The first edition of the textbook appeared in 1956. The author wrote in its preface, "This volume comprises a summary of the most important clinical facts, physiologic concepts, diagnostic methods and therapeutic measures of use in the study and management of internal diseases." In the preface to the fourth edition he covers most of three pages with a listing of new material inserted since the third edition appeared in 1965. The volume is well printed, on good paper, and the eye follows one line across the entire page. It is almost free of errors. The illustrations have been well selected and reproduced, often showing changes over a period of time. Dr. McCombs has aimed at brevity in part by "excluding neurology and psychiatry and neglect of electrocardiography," as he writes in the preface (1956). This edition warrants pride in his work. He has written it carefully, concisely, and completely and
Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes
Authors: Mattias Ekstedt, Lennart E. Franzén, Ulrik L. Mathiesen, Lars Thorelius, Marika Holmqvist, Göran Bodemar, Stergios Kechagias
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of elevated liver enzymes in patients of developed countries. We determined the long-term clinical and histological courses of such patients. In a cohort study, 129 consecutively enrolled patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven NAFLD were reevaluated. Survival and causes of death were compared with a matched reference population. Living NAFLD patients were offered repeat liver biopsy and clinical and biochemical investigation. Mean follow-up (SD) was 13.7 (1.3) years. Mortality was not increased in patients with steatosis. Survival of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was reduced (P = .01). These subjects more often died from cardiovascular (P = .04) and liver-related (P = .04) causes. Seven patients (5.4%) developed end-stage liver disease, including 3 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The absence of periportal fibrosis at baseline had a negative predictive value of 100% in predicting liver-related complications. At follow-up, 69 of 88 patients had diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Progression of liver fibrosis occurred in 41%. These subjects more often had a weight gain exceeding 5 kg (P = .02), they were more insulin resistant (P = .04), and they exhibited more pronounced hepatic fatty infiltration (P = .03) at follow-up. In conclusion, NAFLD with elevated liver enzymes is associated with a clinically significant risk of developing end-stage liver disease. Survival is lower in patients with NASH. Most NAFLD patients will develop diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance in the long term. Progression of liver fibrosis is associated with more pronounced insulin resistance and significant weight gain. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;44:865–873.)
Lumbar Puncture
Authors: CHRISTOPHER J. PALESTRO, SANG 0. LEE, CHUN K. KIM, STANLEY J. GOLDSMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Leukocytes are a component of the blood pool, and as such, these cells may leave the intravascular compartment during active bleeding, even in the absence of infection. Active bleeding therefore can cause a falsepositive labeled leukocyte study. This pitfall was encountered recently in a 57-year-old woman who underwent a traumatic lumbar puncture 3 hours after injection of labeled white cells.
Requirement to Purchase Health Insurance—Reply
Authors: Tina Rulli, David Wendler
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of Microvascularization in Diagnostic Needle Biopsies and Radical Prostatectomies in Prostate Carcinoma
Authors: Kutsal Y&ouml;r&uuml;ko&gcaron;lu, &Ouml;zg&uuml;l Sa&gcaron;ol, Esra &Ouml;zkara, U&gcaron;ur Mungan, Ziya K&inodot;rkal&inodot;
Journal: European Urology (1999)
Abstract 4619: Chemopreventive activities of the dark-color fruit ‘jamun’, the Indian blackberry
Authors: Akash Gupta, Farrukh Aqil, Hina Kausar, Radha Munagala, Jeyaprakash Jeyabalan, Ramjee Sharma, Inder P. Singh, Ramesh C. Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Colored fruits, particularly berries, are emerging as highly chemoprotective because of their antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the chemoprotective potential of Eugenia jambolana Lam., commonly known as ‘jamun’ or Indian blackberry. Jamun, a widely available fruit in India and other Asian countries, has also been used in the treatment of various ailments, including diabetes mellitus. To determine its antioxidant potential, jamun pulp was collected from freshly harvested fruits, dried, and the powder was extracted with acidic ethanol, and enriched by amberlite XAD7/HP20 (1:1) column chromatography. The pulp powder was found to contain 0.54% anthocyanins, 0.17% ellagic acid/ellagitannins and 1.15% total phenolics using standard assays. HPLC analysis of acid-hydrolyzed extract showed the presence of five anthocyanidins – malvidin, petunidin, delphinidin, cyanidin and peonidin. The unhydrolyzed extract was found to have significant antioxidant activity as reflected by high ORAC value (1,445±64 μmol of TE/g) as well as high ABTS- and DPPH-scavenging activities, and ferrous ions-chelating activity; the acid-hydrolyzed extract showed higher activity than unhydrolyzed extract. Since some of the jamun bioactives (ellagitannins and anthocyanidins/anthocyanins) have significant antiproliferative activity, we also analyzed these extracts for their antiproliferative potential using MTT assay against human lung cancer A549 cells in cell culture. The hydrolyzed jamun extract showed significant antiproliferative activity (IC50=79 µg/mL). However, unhydrolyzed extract showed almost no activity. These data suggest that the antiproliferative activity may result from anthocyanidins (present in the hydrolyzed extract) rather than anthocyanins (present in unhydrolyzed extract). Together, our data show high antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities in jamun pulp and may be a viable candidate for chemoprevention of lung cancer (Supported from Agnes Brown Duggan Endowment). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4619. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4619
Burst abdomen and incisional hernia: a prospective study of 1129 major laparotomies.
Authors: T E Bucknall, P J Cox, H Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Burst abdomen and incisional herniation are continuing problems for the general surgeon. A prospective study was carried out to define the extent of the problem. Over five years from 1975 to 1980 a total of 1129 major laparotomy wounds in adults were assessed at regular intervals for 12 months after operation. There were 19 burst abdomens (1.7%) and 84 incisional hernias (7.4%). The introduction of the mass-closure technique reduced the incidence of burst abdomen from over 3% in 1975 to 0.95% in 1979. It did not, however, improve the rate for incisional hernias, which was 7.6% in 1979. Many factors are associated with incisional herniation: old age, male sex, obesity, bowel surgery, type of suture, chest infection, abdominal distension, and, most important, wound infection. More work is needed to find the ideal method of wound closure, and efforts should be made to eliminate wound infection.
Carcinoid tumour of the thymus gland: report of a case.
Authors: J P Hughes, N Ancalmo, G L Leonard, J L Ochsner
Journal: Thorax (1975)

Carcinoid tumour of the thymus gland: report of a case.Carcinoid of the thymus is a rare problem.A case is reported to add to only 16 previously reported.None of these 17 patients had the carcinoid syndrome.Complete surgical excision, if possible, is the treatment of choice.A primary carcinoid tumour of the thymus is very rare.Rosai and Higa (1972) collected eight cases and found only eight additional cases in the literature.A patient with this unusual lesion was treated at Ochsner Foundation Hospital and the case report is presented, emphasizing the importance of complete excision.
Comparative effects of propranolol and verapamil alone and in combination on left ventricular function and volumes in patients with chronic exertional angina: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study with radionuclide ventriculography.
Authors: D L Johnston, V A Gebhardt, A Donald, W J Kostuk
Journal: Circulation (1983)

With the use of equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography the effects on left ventricular (LV) function of 160 mg oral propranolol daily and 360 mg verapamil daily alone and in combination were compared in 18 patients with chronic exertional angina. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover protocol was used. The reduction in exercise rate-pressure product induced by the combination (118 +/- 28 mm Hg/min) was significantly greater (p less than .05) than that by propranolol (135 +/- 27 mm Hg/min) or verapamil alone (163 +/- 28 mm Hg/min). In patients at rest, neither single nor combined therapy altered global or regional left ventricular ejection fractions (EFs). Verapamil, but not propranolol, increased (p less than .05) cardiac volumes of resting subjects; used in combination, no further increase in LV volume occurred. With placebo, exercise global EF did not decrease from the level at rest and therefore no drug effect could be demonstrated for this parameter of LV function. By an evaluation of normalized regional EF measurements the combination was shown to reduce exercise-induced hypokinesis (placebo 52 +/- 20%, combination 61 +/- 23%; p less than .01). No significant improvement was noted with propranolol or verapamil alone; only the combination prevented a significant increase in end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes during exercise. Thus, propranolol and verapamil, used alone in moderate doses, exert no beneficial effect on exercise LV function as measured by EF and volume changes, and resting function deteriorates slightly with verapamil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In patients with sciatica, MRI at 1 year did not differentiate between a favorable or unfavorable outcome
Authors: Alvin I. Mushlin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation el Barzouhi A, Vleggeert-Lankamp CL, Lycklama à Nijeholt GJ, et al; Leiden–The Hague Spine Intervention Prognostic Study Group. Magnetic resonance imaging in follow-up assessment of sciatica. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:999-1007. 23484826
A case of guttate psoriasis following Kawasaki disease
Authors: M-H. Han, K-A. Jang, K-J. Sung, K-C. Moon, J-K. Koh, J-H. Choi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Abstract We report a case of guttate psoriasis following Kawasaki disease, in a patient with Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated in a throat swab. We suggest that preceding staphylococcal infection can play a key role in the pathogenesis of some cases of guttate psoriasis, possibly by the production of superantigens.
Current status of long term ventilation of children in the United Kingdom: questionnaire survey
Authors: E Jardine, M O'Toole, J Y Paton, C Wallis
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To identify the number and current location of children, aged 0 to 16 years, requiring long term ventilation in the United Kingdom, and to establish their underlying diagnoses and ventilatory needs. <b>Design</b>: Postal questionnaires sent to consultant respiratory paediatricians and all lead clinicians of intensive care and special care baby units in the United Kingdom. <b>Subjects</b>: All children in the United Kingdom who, when medically stable, continueto need a mechanical aid for breathing. <b>Results</b>: 141 children requiring long term ventilation were identified from the initial questionnaire. Detailed information was then obtained on 136 children from 30 units. Thirty three children (24%) required continuous positive pressure ventilation by tracheostomy over 24 hours, and 103 received ventilation when asleep by a non-invasive mask (n=62; 46%), tracheostomy (n=32; 24%), or negative pressure ventilation (n=9; 7%). Underlying conditions included neuromuscular disease (n=62; 46%), congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (n=18; 13%), spinal injury (n=16; 12%), craniofacial syndromes (n=9; 7%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (n=6; 4%), and others (n=25; 18%). 93 children were cared for at home. 43 children remained in hospital because of home circumstances, inadequate funding, or lack of provision of home carers. 96 children were of school age and 43 were attending mainstream school. <b>Conclusions</b>: A significant increase in the number of children requiring long term ventilation in the United Kingdom has occurred over the past decade. Contributing factors include improved technology, developments in paediatric non-invasive ventilatory support, and a change in attitude towards home care. Successful discharge home and return to school is occurring even for severely disabled patients. Funding and home carers are common obstacles to discharge.
Hepatitis from dantrolene sodium.
Authors: S P Wilkinson, B Portmann, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1979)

The clinical course and histological changes in the liver during a presumed adverse reaction to the drug dantrolene sodium are described in four patients. After a typical prodrome one developed a moderately severe hepatitis-like illness. Another also had a prodrome but never became jaundiced. In the other two, abnormal liver function tests were detected on routine screening. In each case liver biopsy showed changes typical of an acute hepatitis, but the severity was unrelated to the clinical presentation. In addition, there were also changes in the portal tracts resembling ascending cholangitis. In each case liver function tests returned to normal after withdrawing treatment with dantrolene.