tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Response during Arm Elevation in Isolated Diaphragm Weakness
Authors: FERNANDO J. MARTINEZ, ROBERT L. STRAWDERMAN, KEVIN R. FLAHERTY, MARK COWAN, JONATHAN B. ORENS, JOHN WALD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Upper extremity exercise is associated with a significant metabolic and ventilatory cost that is particularly evident in patients with severe chronic airflow obstruction. In these patients abnormal ventilatory muscle recruitment has been hypothesized to relate to impaired diaphragm function resulting from hyperinflation. Similar data have never been reported in patients with isolated diaphragm weakness but without airflow obstruction or hyperinflation, a group that would ideally define the role of diaphragm function during arm elevation (AE). We prospectively studied 15 patients with isolated diaphragm weakness of varying severity (Pdisniff, 31.74 ± 3.75 cm H2O) as contrasted with eight normal subjects (Pdisniff, 111.77 ± 13.35 cm H2O) of similar age. Patients with diaphragm weakness demonstrated significant lung volume restriction with normal Dl CO/Va. There was no difference in resting oxygen consumption (V˙ o 2), carbon dioxide production (V˙ co 2), minute ventilation (V˙ e), and tidal volume (Vt) between the two groups; however, a borderline difference in resting breathing frequency (fb) (p = 0.056) was evident. Both groups demonstrated a rise in V˙ o 2, V˙ co 2, and V˙ e during 2 min of AE anteriorly. Normal subjects demonstrated a statistically significant rise in Vt but a statistically insignificant rise in fb during AE. In contrast, patients with diaphragm weakness demonstrated a statistically significant rise in fb during AE but a statistically insignificant rise in Vt. In patients the observed rise in Vt directly correlated with baseline Pdisniff (r = 0.59, p = 0.02) and Pdimax (r = 0.81, p = 0.002). Both groups demonstrated a rise in Pdi during AE. The rise in Pdi during AE directly correlated to Pdisniff in the patients (r = 0.69, p = 0.004). Observed end-expiratory Ppl rose during arm elevation in both the patient group and in the normal control group, but no evidence of a differential response to AE was found. In those patients with greater diaphragm weakness (Pdisniff < 30 cm H2O), abnormal respiratory muscle function (lesser rise in Pdi) and a lesser increase in Vt during AE were more evident. These data highlight the importance of diaphragm function in determining the metabolic and respiratory muscle response to arm elevation.
Abstract A51: Disruption of Abi1/Hssh3bp1 expression induces prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in the conditional Abi1/Hssh3bp1 KO mice
Authors: Xiaoling Xiong, Leszek Kotula, Anna Chorzalska, Patrycja Dubielecka, Julie White, Yogindra Vedvyas, Cyrus V. Hedvat, Adriana Haimovitz-Friedman, Jason A. Koutcher, Janet A. Sawicki
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States and a leading diagnosed non-skin cancer in American men. Genetic mutations underlying prostate cancer tumorigenesis include alterations of tumor suppressor genes. We previously proposed that ABI1/hSSH3BP1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene (Macoska, et al. 2001 Neoplasia 3, 99-104). Here, we tested this hypothesis by searching for ABI1 gene mutations in primary prostate tumors from patients, and by analyzing the consequences of prostate-specific disruption of the mouse Abi1/Hssh3bp1 orthologue. We sequenced the ABI1/hSSH3BP1 gene and identified mutations in 15 out of 44 prostate tumors. Moreover, complementation growth-, proliferation- and xenograft- assays using the LNCaP cell line, which contains the loss-of-function Abi1 mutation, and stably expressed wt ABI gene, were consistent with the tumor suppressor hypothesis. To test the hypothesis further, we disrupted the gene in the mouse prostate by breeding the Abi1 floxed strain with the probasin promoter-driven Cre recombinase strain. Histopathological evaluation of mice indicated development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in Abi1/Hssh3bp1 KO mouse as early as the 8th month, but no progression beyond PIN was observed in mice as old as 12 months. Observed decreased levels of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and WAVE2 in mouse prostate suggest abnormal cellular adhesion as the mechanism underlying PIN development due to Abi1 disruption. In summary, this study provides further evidence for the hypothesis that Abi1 down-regulation plays a role in the development of prostate cancer and warrants further investigations of Abi1's role in prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Xiaoling Xiong, Leszek Kotula, Anna Chorzalska, Patrycja Dubielecka, Julie White, Yogindra Vedvyas, Cyrus V. Hedvat, Adriana Haimovitz-Friedman, Jason A. Koutcher, Janet A. Sawicki. Disruption of Abi1/Hssh3bp1 expression induces prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in the conditional Abi1/Hssh3bp1 KO mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A51.
III. “Is Life Worth Living? It Depends upon the Liver”
Authors: Charles S. Davidson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE concept that I should like to put forward is supported by the old pun in the title and runs something like this: treatment of liver disease has been most successful against the complications while the liver disease itself often remains or progresses. Thus, death may supervene in spite of effective relief of the complications, indicating that more attention should be directed to the liver disease itself.A common complication of liver disease is ascites formation. Further accumulation of ascites can almost always be prevented by sufficient restriction of sodium intake, and diuresis usually is effected by diuretics. A suitable . . .
A MULTIVARIATE MODEL FOR PRE-TEST PROBABILITY OF OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CHEST PAIN
Authors: Luis Correia, Guilherme Garcia, Maurício Cerqueira, Manuela Carvalhal, Felipe Kalil, Felipe Ferreira, Luisa S. Pereira, André B. Silva, Fernanda Lopes, Nicole de Sá, Lucas Dantas, Márcia Noya-Rabelo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Potentiation of Anticoagulants Caused by Pyrazole Compounds
Authors: Saul L. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<b>COUMARIN DERIVATIVES</b>are frequently employed for short-term or long-term anticoagulation therapy for thrombo-embolic disorders and disturbances in intravascular clotting. Sudden bleeding, with an alarming alteration in prothrombin activity for no obvious or accountable reason, in individuals who have been stabilized for long periods, has been reported previously. Reports of such occurrences seldom refer to the concomitant use of certain pyrazole compounds (ie, phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone) with the coumarin-type anticoagulants. Nor do all manufacturers of these drugs mention the possibility in their brochures. One manufacturer of warfarin sodium mentions phenylbutazone as "an exogenous factor which may be responsible for an increased prothrombin time response". A manufacturer of phenylbutazone and related drugs has indicated that a change in their literature and labeling which adds this precaution to the directions is under consideration by the pertinent federal agency.<sup>2</sup> These drugs are not uncommonly used in individuals who have arthritis or gout complicated
Stimulant Medications and Attention Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Adam L. Cohen, Michael A. Jhung, Daniel S. Budnitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: On February 9, 2006, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory panel recommended that stimulant drugs prescribed for attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) carry warnings about the potential for an increased risk of sudden death and cardiovascular problems such as hypertension, cardiac arrest, arrhythmias, and stroke.1 Although stimulant drugs are known to cause adverse cardiovascular effects,2,3 little is known about the incidence and type of adverse events in the community setting. To explore this issue, we examined adverse events from stimulant medications prescribed for the treatment of ADHD. We used data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance . . .
Patient-Initiated, Twice-Daily Oral Famciclovir for Early Recurrent Genital Herpes
Authors: Stephen L. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare the efficacy and safety of episodic patient-initiated oral famciclovir with placebo in recurrent genital herpes. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized, double-blind, frequent-observation, dose-ranging study comparing twice-daily 125-mg, 250-mg, or 500-mg oral famciclovir with placebo. Patients initiated therapy after self-culturing, reported to the clinic within 12 hours, and were assessed twice daily for at least 5 days. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Fifteen Canadian university, private practice, or public outpatient clinics. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 692 patients with culture-proven recurrent genital herpes were randomized; 467 patients experienced a symptomatic episode and commenced treatment. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Time to complete healing of all lesions. <h3>Results.</h3> —Famciclovir (all doses) was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing time to healing, time to cessation of viral shedding, and durations of lesion edema, vesicles, ulcers, and crusts. Times to cessation of all symptoms and of moderate to severe lesion tenderness, pain, and burning were also reduced. Patients who initiated famciclovir prior to viral shedding were more likely to not shed virus throughout. All doses were equally effective, safe, and well tolerated. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Oral famciclovir reduced the onset and duration of viral shedding, lesion persistence, and uncomfortable symptoms. Several individual symptoms and lesion stages were also reduced in duration by this episodic therapy. Additionally, our twice-daily observation trial design proved to be a helpful tool for studying recurrent disease. Episodic oral famciclovir provides a convenient and effective alternative for those patients with recurrent genital herpes whose frequency rates do not require continuous antiviral suppression.
RECENT PROGRESS IN THE SERUM DIAGNOSIS OF SYPHILIS
Authors: HOWARD FOX
Journal: JAMA (1910)

In reviewing the literature on the serum diagnosis of syphilis that has appeared since the last meeting of this Association, I have attempted to call attention to the progress that has been made during the year rather than to discuss at length the present status of our knowledge of the subject. The continued interest in the Wassermann reaction, and in various other serodiagnostic tests for syphilis, is shown by the large number of serious researches and clinical reports that have appeared during the past year. Four excellent books on the subject have been published in German, English and French. It was proper that the first of these should have been written by one of the discoverers of the Wassermann reaction, Carl Bruck,<sup>1</sup>whose personal experience with the test has been enormous. He has given a most excellent presentation of the whole subject from both the theoretical and practical standpoints.
Ictal SPECT With MRI Fusion Localizing a Seizure Focus in Child With Hemimegalencephaly and Proteus Syndrome
Authors: Peter E. Jackson, Yi-Tung Huang, Frank Fiumara, Gillian Long
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 6-year-old male child with proteus syndrome and intractable epilepsy underwent ictal brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with Tc-99m-labeled ethyl cysteinate dimer to identify an epileptic focus and further aid surgical planning. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated extensive anatomic abnormalities. SPECT and MRI fusion images following injection of Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer within 60 seconds from the onset of seizure activity clearly demonstrated a hyperperfused focus within the left temporal lobe laterally. This case illustrates the utility of ictal SPECT and MRI fusion in accurately localizing a potentially small seizure focus in a grossly abnormal brain.
Achieving Patient Compliance: The Psychology of the Medical Practitioner's Role
Authors: C. Kent Smith
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This is a surprisingly good book, the scope of which is unfortunately masked by its somewhat misleading title. It is, in fact, quite comprehensive.  In the preface the authors set the tone for the more interesting scope by noting that they met when the cages of DiNicola's experimental pigs were leaking into DiMatteo's office. The meeting led to a collaboration, and eventually to marriage. The medical literature seems to be dry and scientific enough that this personal note was quite welcome.  After reading the book, it was apparent that compliance, although important, was not the main theme addressed by the authors, but that their book was a rather comprehensive and insightful overview of many critical issues in doctor-patient communication. Selected aspects of the doctor-patient relationship (such as interviewing, cultural perspective, and the different health belief models) are, of course, covered in other texts. However, I have not seen a work
Paid Living Kidney Transplantation in Iran: Rethinking the Challenges
Authors: Atieh Pajouhi, Farzaneh Zahedi, Zeinab Pajouhi, Bagher Larijani
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

Organ transplantation is known as a way to save human lives and improve the quality of life from long ago. The big difference between organ transplantation and other medical intervention is in the ...
DEGREE OF MITRAL REGURGITATION AND LEFT VENTRICULAR SCARRING ARE MUCH BETTER PREDICTORS OF LONG-TERM OUTCOMES COMPARED TO VOLUMES AND SPHERICITY: A MULTI-MODALITY IMAGING STUDY IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Deborah Kwon, Zoran B. Popovic, Venugopal Menon, Carmel M. Halley, Danielle M. Brennan, Randall C. Starling, Scott D. Flamm, Paul Schoenhagen, Bruce W. Lytle, Brian P. Griffin, Milind Y. Desai, Milind Y. Desai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Facial Hyperhidrosis Interruption with Stellate Ganglion Block
Authors: Alun Sankstone
Journal: JAMA (1962)

LOCALIZED HYPERHIDROSIS may occur anywhere on the skin, although the palms and soles are by far more commonly affected and the face less often. The augmented sweating may be of varying degrees and stimulated by different causes. In its mildest form such sudorific hyperactivity may be a nuisance; or, because of intensity, extent, site, and occupation, prove a serious hindrance and handicap. Compounding the distress is the fact that therapy in this condition is far from satisfactory and may require such an overt measure as interruption of nervous pathways to the sweat glands. The following is an illustrative case history. Report of a Case A Puerto Rican girl has had hyperhidrosis of the entire face for many years. During the 10 years she has been in Chicago she has a record of observations for the hyperhidrosis at various institutions; but she has received little or no relief from her complaint.
Per-rectal portal scintigraphy with technetium-99m pertechnetate for the early diagnosis of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis
Authors: Agesilao D'Arienzo, Luigi Celentano, Lucia Cimino, Antonio Panarese, Claudia Lancia, Emilia Vergara, Giuseppe Castaldo, Giovanni Oriani, Giovanni Squame, Gabriele Budillon, Gabriele Mazzacca
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1992)
Cutaneous mastocytosis associated with a mixed germ cell tumour of the ovary: report of a case and review of the literature.
Authors: S. Miyagawa, S. Hirota, Y-D. Park, M. Yamasaki, N. Daikoku, H. Morikawa, A. Yoshioka, Y. Kitamura, K. Ichijima
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

A 10‐year‐old girl with a mixed germ cell tumour of the ovary, treated by surgery and chemotherapy, developed cutaneous mastocytosis approximately 8 months after starting chemotherapy. This is the sixth report of a germ cell tumour associated with mastocytosis. c‐kit receptor point mutations, including Asp816Val and Val560Gly were absent in a biopsy specimen obtained from lesional skin.
Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D, and Calcium Intake
Authors: Jen-Tzer Gau, Steven Clay, Wayne Carlsen
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of vagotomy on secretin release in man.
Authors: A S Ward, S R Bloom
Journal: Gut (1975)

The release of secretin by intraduodenal acid has been measured by means of a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay in 12 normal subjects, 23 duodenal ulcer patients, and 14 vagotomized patients (6 TV + P; 4 SV + P;4 HSV). A highly significant response occurred in all three groups. There was no significant difference between the groups either in the magnitude or timing of this response, though the absolute values for pre-stimulation and peak secretin were significantly smaller in preoperative duodenal ulcer patients than in either the normal subjects or the vagotomized patients. The secretin response was similar after truncal, selective, and highly selective vagotomy. These results suggest that secretin release is not dependent on intact vagal innervation of the small intestine in man.
Transcutaneous Gases Determination in Diabetic Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Elio Melillo, Mauro Ferrari, Alberto Balbarini, Roberto Pedrinelli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcpo2) quantifies oxygen delivery through skin capillaries as a function of two main physiological variables, the effective rate of skin blood flow and skin resistance to oxygen permeation, represented mainly by stratum-corneum permeability (1). Tcpo2 is an accepted measure of nutritive skin perfusion (1) and predicts the therapeutic outcome in critical limb ischemia (CLI) (2), a serious complication of type 2 diabetes, a disease characterized by the coexistence of macro- and microvascular alterations (3). Transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (tcpco2), another tensiometric parameter, is sensitive to severe limb ischemia (4) and correlates closely with HCO−3 depletion, H+ accumulation, and acidotic milieu (5). Thus, tcpco2, by providing an indication of the local acid-base balance, might improve the clinical management of patients on CLI, but its prognostic potential in that context is unknown.

We addressed this issue in 31 critically ischemic limbs ( n = 26 …
OSMOTIC ACTIVITY OF LIVER CELLS AND MELTING POINT OF LIVER
Authors: Eugene L. Opie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

Depression of the melting point of liver tissue rapidly frozen by liquid nitrogen during life provides a means by which the molecular concentration within liver cells may be compared with that of solutions of sodium chloride or of blood or of blood serum. The rising temperature of frozen blood of guinea pig under the conditions of these experiments is retarded when melting occurs, pursues when plotted a prolonged linear course, and finally rises precipitously at -0.54 degrees C. when melting is complete. With the melting of blood serum of guinea pig and of blood of cat and of rat, the temperature takes approximately the same course. The temperature changes are nearly the same as those of a frozen solution of sodium chloride isotonic with blood serum. The temperature changes of frozen liver assumes when plotted a linear course at about -1.1 degrees C., increases at intervals with step-like progress and finally rises precipitiously at -0.76 degrees C. The temperature changes in melting liver of cat and of rat are similar. The melting of liver begins at a level which approximates that of a solution of sodium chloride isotonic with it. The step-like course of temperature changes which occur during the melting of frozen liver are best explained by the assumption that the cells contain substances which successively and temporarily retard the rise of temperature.
Activation of the Stress Axis and Neurochemical Alterations in Specific Brain Areas by Concentrated Ambient Particle Exposure with Concomitant Allergic Airway Disease
Authors: Madhu P. Sirivelu, Sheba M.J. MohanKumar, James G. Wagner, Jack R. Harkema, Puliyur S. MohanKumar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been linked to respiratory diseases in people living in urban communities. The mechanism by which PM produces these diseases is not clear. We hypothesized that PM could act on the brain directly to stimulate the stress axis and predispose individuals to these diseases. The purpose of this study was to test if exposure to PM can affect brain areas involved in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions, especially the stress axis, and to study whether the presence of preexisting allergic airway disease aggravates the stress response.Adult male rats (n = 8/group) with or without ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway disease were exposed to concentrated air particles containing PM with an aerodynamic diameter pound 2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) for 8 hr, generated from ambient air in an urban Grand Rapids, Michigan, community using a mobile air research laboratory (AirCARE 1). Control animals were exposed to normal air and were treated with saline.A day after PM(2.5) exposure, animals were sacrificed and the brains were removed, frozen, and sectioned. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and other brain nuclei were microdissected, and the concentrations of aminergic neurotransmitters and their metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Serum corticosterone levels were measured using radioimmunoassay.A significant increase in the concentration (mean +/- SE, pg/microg protein) of norepinephrine in the PVN was produced by exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) or OVA alone (12.45 +/- 2.7 and 15.84 +/- 2.8, respectively) or after sensitization with OVA (19.06 +/- 3.8) compared with controls (7.98 +/- 1.3 ; p < 0.05). Serum corticosterone (mean +/- SE, ng/mL) was significantly elevated in the OVA + CAPs group (242.786 +/- 33.315) and in the OVA-presensitized group (242.786 +/- 33.315) compared with CAP exposure alone (114.55 +/- 20.9). Exposure to CAPs (alone or in combination with OVA pretreatment) can activate the stress axis, and this could probably play a role in aggravating allergic airway disease.
Alasdair James Cameron Sneddon
Authors: A. Flynn
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Alasdair was genetically and emotionally Scottish, so the calamity of being born and brought up in England was rapidly rectified by bolting to medical school in St Andrews. His future identity was established and, among other things, he happened upon his first Irish Setter. A brief early flirtation with travel took him to Manchester for his clinical years and to Canada for the summers, where he met Joan.

Married life and a succession of small boys born in some of the remoter …