tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Crisis in Local Institutional Review Boards
Authors: Jamie Ellen Siegel, Ann Vaughn, Elaine Baszczewski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters5 March 2002The Crisis in Local Institutional Review BoardsJamie Ellen Siegel, MD, Ann Vaughn, and Elaine BaszczewskiJamie Ellen Siegel, MDRobert Wood Johnson University Hospital; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; New Brunswick, NJ 08901 (Siegel, Vaughn, Baszczewski)Search for more papers by this author, Ann VaughnRobert Wood Johnson University Hospital; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; New Brunswick, NJ 08901 (Siegel, Vaughn, Baszczewski)Search for more papers by this author, and Elaine BaszczewskiRobert Wood Johnson University Hospital; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; New Brunswick, NJ 08901 (Siegel, Vaughn, Baszczewski)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-5-200203050-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As members of the institutional review board (IRB) committee that reviews adverse events for the clinical studies at our institution, we read the perspective by Burman and colleagues (1) with interest. We agree that ideally local IRBs cannot and should not be responsible for the detailed review of all safety reports in multicenter trials. However, we do not agree that we are presently exempt from the responsibility to review and question the clinical events that occur in these trials.At our institution, we have set up a computer tracking system of all events and have reorganized our ...Reference1. Burman WJ, Reves RR, Cohn DL, Schooley RT. Breaking the camel's back: multicenter clinical trials and local institutional review boards. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:152-7. [PMID: 11177319] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jamie Ellen Siegel, MD; Ann Vaughn; Elaine BaszczewskiAffiliations: Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; New Brunswick, NJ 08901 (Siegel, Vaughn, Baszczewski) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBreaking the Camel's Back: Multicenter Clinical Trials and Local Institutional Review Boards William J. Burman , Randall R. Reves , David L. Cohn , and Robert T. Schooley The Crisis in Local Institutional Review Boards Alan M. Sugar The Crisis in Local Institutional Review Boards Stephanie Nagy-Agren The Crisis in Local Institutional Review Boards William J. Burman and Randall R. Reves Metrics 5 March 2002Volume 136, Issue 5Page: 410KeywordsAdverse eventsClinical trialsComputersComputing systemsData and safety monitoring boardsInstitutional review boardsSafetySafety studies ePublished: 5 March 2002 Issue Published: 5 March 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Spontaneous biochemical remission in parathyroid carcinoma.
Authors: P S Klimiuk, A R Mainwaring
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Measuring glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations in a diabetic clinicThe glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA,) concentration is a useful index of diabetic control.1 2 Measuring the concentration by chromatography on cation exchange columns, however, requires a skilled technician and controlled temperatures, and the result is not immediately avail- able.We have therefore evaluated a new method (Corning Medical Ltd, Halstead, Essex) that offered accuracy, simplicity, and speed.We assessed the method in our diabetic clinic over six weeks by (a) comparing it with a chromatographic method run concurrently, (b) examining the feasibility of obtaining a result in time for the patient's consultation, and (c) estimating the value of the result.
290 EARLY VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE PROFILES WITH TELAPREVIR (T) IN COMBINATION WITH PEGINTERFERON-ALFA-2A (P) AND RIBAVIRIN (R) IN GENOTYPE 1 HCV TREATMENT-NAIVE AND TREATMENT-EXPERIENCED PATIENTS ARE SIMILAR
Authors: F. Poordad, J.G. McHutchison, M.L. Shiffman, T. Berg, A.J. Muir, M.P. Manns, A.M. Di Bisceglie, N. Terrault, G. Picchio, A. Kwong, L. Bengtsson, S. George, N. Adda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Prognostic value of chromogranin A in chronic heart failure: data from the GISSI‐Heart Failure trial
Authors: Helge Røsjø, Serge Masson, Roberto Latini, Allan Flyvbjerg, Valentina Milani, Maria Teresa La Rovere, Miriam Revera, Alessandro Mezzani, Gianni Tognoni, Luigi Tavazzi, Torbjørn Omland
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
The initial hemorrhage from esophageal varices
Authors: Harold O. Conn
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

We conducted a prospective study of 321 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices with no history of bleeding to see whether a comprehensive analysis of their clinical features and of the endoscopic appearances of their varices could help to identify those at highest risk for bleeding. Varices were classified endoscopically as suggested by the Japanese Research Society for Portal Hypertension. Patients were followed for 1 to 38 months (median, 23), during which 85 patients (26.5 percent) bled. Multiple regression analysis (Cox’s model) revealed that the risk of bleeding was significantly related to the patient’s modified Child class (an index of liver dysfunction based on serum albumin concentration, bilirubin level, prothrombin time, and the presence of ascites and encephalopathy), the size of the varices, and the presence of red wale markings (longitudinal dilated venules resembling whip marks) on the varices. A prognostic index based on these variables was devised that enabled us to identify a subset of patients with a one-year incidence of bleeding exceeding 65 percent. The index was prospective validated on an independent sample of 75 patients with varices and no history of bleeding. We conclude that our prognostic index, which identifies groups of patients with one-year probabilities of bleeding ranging from 6 to 76 percent, can be used to identify candidates for prophylactic treatment.
THE ABSENCE OF ANTIBODY IN THE MACROPHAGES DURING MAXIMUM ANTIBODY FORMATION
Authors: W. E. Ehrich, T. N. Harris, E. Mertens
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

Following the injection of dysentery antigen in saline or in saline-in-paraffin-oil emulsion into the pad of the rabbit's hind foot, considerable quantities of antibody were recovered from the popliteal lymph node, while the tissue at the site of injection, containing many granulocytes and numerous macrophages, revealed only insignificant quantities of antibody. Following the injection of various dysentery and typhoid antigen combinations into the abdominal cavity, no antibody was found in the isolated granulocytes and macrophages of the peritoneal exudate, while the supernatant fluid revealed titers that roughly paralleled those of the blood serum. Similar results were obtained when animals were injected first with antibody intravenously, and subsequently with an unspecific irritant intraperitoneally. The presence of antibody in the supernatant fluid was, therefore, interpreted as being due to secondary concentration (fixation) in an inflamed area. These findings together with the previously described observations on the lymphocyte seem to show that the macrophage does not synthesize agglutinins against dysentery or typhoid bacilli.
Clinical Strategies in Ischemic Heart Disease: New Concepts and Current Controversies
Authors: William H. Wehrmacher
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Responding to what they call an explosion of knowledge about ischemic heart disease, the editors of this book have brought together 79 recognized authorities to sort through jumbled heaps of fragmented information. In their preface, the editors point to the introduction of space-age ECG monitors in 1962, which have produced great piles of data, and draw attention to the dramatic spread of new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques throughout the nation as a result of national conferences promoted by the American College of Cardiology. This unprecedented spread of innovation into clinical medicine, they observe, has almost overwhelmed the requisite amount of learning for the professional who is eager to better detect and manage myocardial ischemia, infarction, and dyskinesis. Most recently, the editors continue, coronary bypass surgery has been accepted almost universally for relief of disabling angina, improvement in life-style, and acceleration of rehabilitation. But questions remain as to whether it improves
Rapid expression of the CD69 antigen on T cells and natural killer cells upon antigenic stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell suspensions
Authors: T. Werfel, M. Boeker, A. Kapp
Journal: Allergy (1997)

The CD69 antigen has been identified as the earliest activation marker on the surface of cytokine‐ or mitogen‐activated lymphocytes. The expression of this molecule may be a useful early marker of antigen‐ or allergen‐specific activation of lymphocytes in vitro. We evaluated the expression of the CD69 and CD25 antigens on antigen‐ or allergen‐stimulated lymphocytes and the proliferative responses as detected by thymidine incorporation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of allergic patients sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , bovine casein, or nickel sulfate were cultured in the absence or presence of clinically relevant allergens, tetanus toxoid, or recombinant interleukin (IL)‐2. The respective binding of CD69 or CD25 antibodies to PBMC and thymidine incorporation were measured. An early expression of CD69, but not of CD25, antigen was detectable after 24‐72 h of stimulation on up to 80% of natural killer (NK) cells and up to 10% of CD4 + T cells in PBMC cultures. Anti‐IL‐2 antibodies inhibited these increases of CD69 on NK cells and T cells by up to 60%. After 6 days of antigenic stimulation, the rates of both CD25 + and CD69 + lymphocytes were higher. Seventy‐four percent of the CD25 + PBMC but only 55% of the CD69 + cells were CD3 + T lymphocytes at this time. No qualitative differences were detectable in allergen‐ or tetanus‐toxoid‐stimulated PBMC from allergic patients. The high expression of CD69 on NK cells in antigen‐stimulated cultures suggests that these cells are easily activated by cytokines from antigen‐stimulated T cells. CD69 + NK cells may serve as early‐indicator cells in cultures with antigen‐ or allergen‐stimulated mononuclear cells.
Separation of anxiety and depressive disorders: Maybe pharmaceutical failure has created culture of niche diagnosis
Authors: M. Joffe
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Shorter and Tyrer provide an important case study in the way that medicine and science can become subverted by commercial pressures.1 On one hand, new patents for drugs for mood and anxiety disorders have dwindled to almost nothing from a high point in the 1960s and 1970s. On the other, niche diagnoses have proliferated, apparently as a result of collusion between experts and the pharmaceutical industry. In the absence of new drugs for existing conditions, it seems, a good commercial alternative is to market the existing drugs as being effective for new diagnoses.

However, if we accept the existence of this association, the direction of causation is unclear. The authors believe that the failure to advance the treatment of anxiety and depression is related to the wrong classification—with the implication that use of a superior categorisation that no longer separates the two diagnoses would stimulate pharmaceutical innovation. But it could equally well be true that the proliferation of niche diagnoses is a commercial strategy that is a response to the absence of good new drug discoveries. After all, other sections of the industry have also experienced a falling off of new patents—for example, antibiotics.

Perhaps we will not have any new therapeutic agents for anxiety or depression, as we may have reached the limits of this pharmacological approach. The fact that these two symptoms tend to occur together in real life should not obscure that they are just that: symptoms, not diagnoses. A diagnosis provides an explanation of symptoms (and other manifestations of a disease process) that goes beyond their mere description, even if that does include a dimensional approach to defining illness. It is unclear that there is a diagnosis to find here, beyond the attempt to understand why some people—and some cultures—tend to respond in this way to adverse life situations.
Treatment of Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Brian Little
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

PRE-ECLAMPSIA is that stage of toxemia of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, proteinuria and abnormal weight gain or edema. The specific treatment is delivery of the baby. The timing of the delivery and the symptomatic treatment of the mother are the variables that determine the morbidity and mortality of mother and baby.PreventionA most significant contribution of prenatal care has been the prevention of pre-eclampsia. No single cause of pre-eclampsia can be given but hypertension and renal disease are known to contribute. Careful evaluation of the cardiovascular and renal systems in patients suspected of having this complication is important. A . . .
Abstract LB-228: YAP-dependent induction of amphiregulin identifies a non-cell-autonomous component of the Hippo pathway
Authors: Jianmin Zhang, Jun-Yuan Ji, Min Yi, Michael Overholtzer, Gromoslaw A. Smolen, Rececca Wang, Joan S. Brugge, Nicholas J. Dyson, Daniel A. Haber
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The Hippo signaling pathway was initially identified in Drosophila and components in this pathway are highly conserved in mammals. We and others have recently shown that the Hippo pathway regulates cellular proliferation and survival, thus exerting profound effects on normal cell fate and tumorigenesis. The pivotal effector of this pathway is YAP, a transcriptional co-activator amplified in mouse and human cancers, where it promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and malignant transformation. To date, studies of YAP target genes have focused on cell-autonomous mediators. Here, we show that YAP-expressing MCF10A breast epithelial cells secrete growth factors that enhance the proliferation of neighboring untransfected cells, implicating a non-cell autonomous mechanism. Using cytokine and growth factor array analysis, we identified the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand, amphiregulin (AREG), as a transcriptional target of YAP, whose induction contributes to YAP-mediated cell proliferation and migration. Knockdown of AREG or addition of an EGFR kinase inhibitor abrogates the proliferative effects of YAP expression. Suppression of the negative YAP regulators LATS1/2 is sufficient to induce AREG expression, consistent with a physiological regulation of AREG by the Hippo pathway. Furthermore, genetic interactions between the Drosophila YAP orthologue Yki and Egfr signaling components support the link between these two highly conserved signaling pathways. In conclusion, YAP-dependent secretion of AREG implicates activation of EGFR signaling as an important non-cell autonomous effector of the Hippo pathway, with relevance for the regulation of both physiological and malignant cell proliferation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-228.
Polio eradication: a complex end game
Authors: T. Abraham
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Recent evidence suggests a role for the microbiome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) aetiology and progression. <h3>Objective</h3> To explore the faecal and salivary microbiota as potential diagnostic biomarkers. <h3>Methods</h3> We applied shotgun metagenomic and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to samples from a Spanish case–control study (n=136), including 57 cases, 50 controls, and 29 patients with chronic pancreatitis in the discovery phase, and from a German case–control study (n=76), in the validation phase. <h3>Results</h3> Faecal metagenomic classifiers performed much better than saliva-based classifiers and identified patients with PDAC with an accuracy of up to 0.84 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) based on a set of 27 microbial species, with consistent accuracy across early and late disease stages. Performance further improved to up to 0.94 AUROC when we combined our microbiome-based predictions with serum levels of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19–9, the only current non-invasive, Food and Drug Administration approved, low specificity PDAC diagnostic biomarker. Furthermore, a microbiota-based classification model confined to PDAC-enriched species was highly disease-specific when validated against 25 publicly available metagenomic study populations for various health conditions (n=5792). Both microbiome-based models had a high prediction accuracy on a German validation population (n=76). Several faecal PDAC marker species were detectable in pancreatic tumour and non-tumour tissue using 16S rRNA sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridisation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Taken together, our results indicate that non-invasive, robust and specific faecal microbiota-based screening for the early detection of PDAC is feasible.
De novo fatty acid synthesis controls the fate between regulatory T and T helper 17 cells
Authors: Luciana Berod, Christin Friedrich, Amrita Nandan, Jenny Freitag, Stefanie Hagemann, Kirsten Harmrolfs, Aline Sandouk, Christina Hesse, Carla N Castro, Heike Bähre, Sarah K Tschirner, Nataliya Gorinski, Melanie Gohmert, Christian T Mayer, Jochen Huehn, Evgeni Ponimaskin, Wolf-Rainer Abraham, Rolf Müller, Matthias Lochner, Tim Sparwasser
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
The Old Leukemic Is in a Coma
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Ad Libitum15 November 1995The Old Leukemic Is in a ComaJack Coulehan, MDJack Coulehan, MDSetauket, NY 11733Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-10-199511150-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Whether to enter her room or not—I suppose the question is like a gate in the fence of an old house.Whether you take the first steps into that abandoned place or not, the roof will soon collapse in stormy weather.Those old drapes crossing in a wind will conjure up a ghost, vandals will destroy what's left, the sheriff will nail a sign—KEEP OUT!To enter the room of the old leukemic may be dangerous.Still, she's there behind the curtain.There is no reason to stop here—it's certainly not a question of chemo, it's too late for that, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Setauket, NY 11733 Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 10Page: 806-806KeywordsBlood transfusionComaTouchWalking ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Whooping-Cough Cured by Irrigation of the Nares
Authors: Ed. M. Payne
Journal: BMJ (1901)

That itchiness should occasionally be a fairly marked sym- ptom in-syphilitic affections of the mucous membrane is the more remarkable, since, with the exception of small papular syphilides specific cutaneous eruptions seldom itch much,' -often indee'1 not at all.WHOOPING-COUGH CURED BY, IRRIGATION OF THE NARES.
A case of arteriosclerosis.
Authors: J W Smith, J Pearce
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A company secretary aged 63 has been a heavy cigarette smoker (over 40 a day) and had chronic cough for as long as he can remember. Two years ago he had a fairly typical major convul sion with only seconds' warning, during which he was un conscious for some five minutes and incontinent. The electro cardiogram (ECG) was normal except for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in keeping with a fairly severe degree of hypertensive illness (240/130 mm Hg), for which methyldopa was prescribed. Surprisingly, chest x-ray pictures were normal, as was the electroencephalogram. He stopped smoking but, against advice, continued to drive his car. His cough almost completely disappeared and all appeared well until two months ago, when he had a second convulsive episode similar to the first. During this his wife reported his pulse rate was 38/min, although by the time I arrived it was normal and the patient was recovering. The general physician he had first seen had since retired and a second specialist-a cardiologist-confirmed the absence of a lung disease and again found an ECG with a normal P-R interval and no abnormality other than LVH, although the blood pressure was now 160/80 mm Hg (lying) on methyldopa 250 mg four times a day. My tentative diagnosis of heart block was turned down and the alternative one of cerebral arterio sclerosis made; the methyldopa was changed to a thiazide in view of possible postural hypotension; and the patient was again advised to stop driving. The effect of this consultation and the significance of the diagnosis has been disastrous. The patient has stopped driving, is working only half-days, and, having twice been brought home after weak turns at work, is being advised by his colleagues to retire. His understandable and deep depression is possibly now settling, having been matched in severity only by his wife's anxiety, and the couple are dreading the future. The wife is probably clutching at straws but has been to tell me that after her husband's most recent feeling of illness at work the pulse rate was again under 40/min. My problem is that the wife wants her husband to see another specialist but the patient does not want any more fuss to be made. Cerebral arteriosclerosis seems to be a sentence implying long term decay, and I find myself wanting to escape to something more attractive. Would it be helpful to seek a further opinion from the same or different specialist? Should I persuade the wife to accept the apparent realities or kindle possibly false hope in the husband, whose adaptation to his new life is probably now under way?
Elevated telomerase activity and minimal telomere loss in cord blood long-term cultures with extensive stem cell replication
Authors: Loretta Gammaitoni, Katja C. Weisel, Monica Gunetti, Kai-Da Wu, Stefania Bruno, Silvana Pinelli, Antonio Bonati, Massimo Aglietta, Malcolm A. S. Moore, Wanda Piacibello
Journal: Blood (2004)