tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Production of Transplantable Hepatomas by Intrasplenic Implantation of Normal Liver in the Mouse&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E H Leduc, J W Wilson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Intrasplenic implantation of liver tissue was carried out in an inbred strain of mice in which spontaneous hepatomas have not been found. The donors were 13-, 14-, and 18-day fetuses and 1-, 7-, and 90-day-old normal mice; also implanted was liver containing hyperplastic nodules from donors that had received 11, 18, 24, and 48 administrations of carbon tetrachloride; regenerating liver, 48 hours after partial hepatectomy; and cholangiole-laden liver from a choline-deficient mouse. Parenchymal liver cells of fetal, 1-, and 7-day-old mice increased in size, differentiated to resemble adult hepatic cells, and persisted in the host's spleen up to 20 months after implantation, without conspicuous proliferation. Implanted adult liver parenchyma persisted in the spleen in only 1 of 47 hosts examined after 10 to 21 months. Duct cells survived more than 10 months in the spleens of only those hosts that received implants of liver containing large numbers of proliferating cholangioles. The 7-day-old liver and all types of adult liver, but not livers from fetuses and 1-day-old mice, apparently gave rise to a small number of intrahepatic nodules that subsequently were serially transplantable in the spleen and, later, subcutaneously. Six were hepatomas and one was a reticulum-cell sarcoma. We propose that these neoplasms arose from hepatic tissue implanted in the spleen and then forced into or migrated into the host's liver by way of the portal vein.
Accuracy of residual events detection in a bench test and in clinical practice
Authors: Jorge Moisés, Valentina Isetta, Maria Dolores Núñez, Mireia Dalmases, Arnoldo Guerrero, Ramón Farré, Josep Maria Montserrat, Cristina Embid
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction.  Automatic CPAP (A-CPAP) devices are useful in obtaining optimal fixed CPAP pressure for sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) treatment. They provide information about residual events [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and leaks]. Our aim was to determine the accuracy of three different A-CPAP devices in estimating residual AHI and its usefulness in clinical practice.   Methods.  We used a computer-driven model simulating a SAHS patient (Farre et al 2002) to reproduce 27 residual patterns of disturbed breathing of 4 hours. We compared the simulated AHI with the AHI values detected by 3 different A-CPAPs: S9 Autoset, Remstar Auto and Goodknight 420E. In addition, 17 consecutive SAHS patients were titrated by using the A-CPAP AutoSet Spirit II S8 and who performed simultaneously a respiratory polygraphy with the Somte PSG device (Compumedics). Patients’ residual events were blindly scored following the AASM criteria by an expert physician and compared to the ones detected by the A-CPAP.   Results.  The simulated AHI mean value was 6.31 ± 7.19 and the AHI detected by the A-CPAP devices was 7.43 ± 8.82, finding a Pearson correlation of r=0.95 (p   Conclusions.  The A-CPAP devices evaluated in this study showed a good level of accuracy in estimating residual AHI in simulated SAHS patients, which is slightly lower in the case of real patients.
Chronic Muscle Contraction Headache: The Importance of Depression and Anxiety
Authors: G I Hackett, H G Boddie, P Harrison
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

Seventy consecutive patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis of chronic muscle contraction headache over a two-year period were evaluated for depression and anxiety scores, along with other possible aetiological factors in this form of headache. Fifty-five of these patients (33 from a hospital neurology clinic and 22 from a local general practice) completed a double-blind study to evaluate flupenthixol 0.5 mg twice daily, diazepam 5 mg twice daily and placebo as prophylactic agents. Patients evaluated in the hospital neurology clinic had more frequent headaches of longer duration, higher analgesic consumption and higher depression, but no higher anxiety scores than those in general practice. Flupenthixol and diazepam were both significantly superior to placebo in reducing headaches and analgesic consumption. The trend was for flupenthixol to be superior to diazepam without reaching statistical significance. Flupenthixol was significantly better than diazepam and placebo in the reduction of Hamilton depression scores. This effect was independent of the effect on headache and analgesic reduction.
Review: Influenza vaccination and inhaled therapies prevent acute exacerbations in COPD
Authors: Matthew B. Stanbrook
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Criner GJ, Bourbeau J, Diekemper RL, et al. Prevention of acute exacerbations of COPD: American College of Chest Physicians and Canadian Thoracic Society Guideline. Chest. 2015;147:894-942. 25321320
Circadian rythm of circulating microparticles in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Laszlo Kunos, Andras Bikov, Eva Pallinger, Gyorgy Losonczy, Dora Bartusek, Adrian Kis, Gabor Horvath, Zsolt Komlosi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is considered as a risk factor to develop cardiovascular diseases. Circulating cell-derived microparticles (MP) are involved in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis; however, their role is not fully explored in the pathophysiology of OSAS. Eleven patients with untreated, moderate to severe OSAS (Pre-CPAP) and 7 healthy controls underwent overnight polysomnography (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) 40.4±19.5 vs 2.4±2.2, respectively). Blood samples were collected at 11:00 AM, 5:00 PM and 9:00 PM, and then 1:30 AM and 6:00 AM on the following day. Absolute numbers of platelet-derived (CD41a+) and Annexin V+ MP were measured by flow cytometry. Nine OSA patients were re-studied after 2 months of CPAP treatment (Post-CPAP; AHI 1.9±1.7). Comparisons were made by repeated measures ANOVA, and independent and paired t-test, as appropriate. Untreated OSAS patients exhibited higher levels (at 5:00 PM and 9:00 PM time points) and daily variability than healthy controls both in CD41+ (p
Autologous plasma and serum skin test in chronic urticaria
Authors: R. Asero, M. Cugno, A. Tedeschi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Autologous plasma and serum skin test in chronic urticaria Get access R. Asero, R. Asero Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano (Milano), Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Cugno, M. Cugno Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Tedeschi A. Tedeschi U.O. Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, ItalyE‐mail: r.asero@libero.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 166, Issue 6, 1 June 2012, Pages 1362–1363, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10779.x Published: 01 June 2012
Pnpla3I148M knockin mice accumulate PNPLA3 on lipid droplets and develop hepatic steatosis
Authors: Eriks Smagris, Soumik BasuRay, John Li, Yongcheng Huang, Ka‐man V. Lai, Jesper Gromada, Jonathan C. Cohen, Helen H. Hobbs
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

A sequence polymorphism (rs738409, I148M) in patatin‐like phospholipid domain containing protein 3 ( PNPLA3 ) is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the mechanistic basis for this association remains enigmatic. Neither ablation nor overexpression of wild‐type PNPLA3 affects liver fat content in mice, whereas hepatic overexpression of the human 148M transgene causes steatosis. To determine whether the 148M allele causes fat accumulation in the liver when expressed at physiological levels, we introduced a methionine codon at position 148 of the mouse Pnpla3 gene. Knockin mice had normal levels of hepatic fat on a chow diet, but when challenged with a high‐sucrose diet their liver fat levels increased 2 to 3‐fold compared to wild‐type littermates without any associated changes in glucose homeostasis. The increased liver fat in the knockin mice was accompanied by a 40‐fold increase in PNPLA3 on hepatic lipid droplets, with no increase in hepatic PNPLA3 messenger RNA (mRNA). Similar results were obtained when the catalytic dyad of PNPLA3 was inactivated by substituting the catalytic serine with alanine (S47A). Conclusion : These data provide the first direct evidence that physiological expression of PNPLA3 148M variant causes NAFLD, and that the accumulation of catalytically inactive PNPLA3 on the surfaces of lipid droplets is associated with the accumulation of TG in the liver. (H epatology 2015;61:108–118)
Nitrogen washout measurements of lung clearance index (LCI)
Authors: Andrew Bush, Samantha Irving
Journal: Thorax (2015)

Nitrogen washout measurements of lung clearance index (LCI)The data of Nyilas et al 1 relating nitrogen washout measurements of lung clearance index (LCI) to spirometry in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) are a welcome addition to the current debate. 2-5However, as with the data of Boon et al, 4 most of their PCD patients had normal spirometry, so it would be premature to conclude that this relationship holds over the full range of severity of PCD.The suggestion that the relationship may be different in different populations of PCD patients is indeed interesting, and there is considerable genetic variability, as well as management differences across Europe. 6his could be resolved by data sharing across the large European PCD consortia such as BESTCILIA.
Abstract 14371: The Enhanced Oxidative Stress is Associated with Skeletal Muscle Abnormalities in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Shintaro Kinugawa, Kagami Hirabayashi, Tadashi Suga, Masashige Takahashi, Shingo Takada, Takashi Yokota, Koichi Okita, Hiroyuki Tsutsui
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Enhanced oxidative stress is known to be a hallmark of myocardial abnormalities in heart failure (HF). Reduced aerobic exercise capacity is caused by the skeletal muscle abnormalities s...
The Relationship of Untreated Borderline Infiltrates by the Banff Criteria to Acute Rejection in Renal Allograft Biopsies
Authors: SHANE M. MEEHAN, CHRISTOPHER T. SIEGEL, ANDREW J. ARONSON, SHARON M. BARTOSH, J. RICHARD THISTLETHWAITE, E. STEVE WOODLE, MARK HAAS
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

The relationship of borderline infiltrates to acute rejection by Banff criteria in renal allografts of patients receiving only maintenance immunosuppression is not clear. Renal allograft biopsies with borderline lesions that were not treated with additional anti-rejection therapy were retrospectively studied. Sixty-five such biopsies were identified from 50 patients, and their outcome was determined by serum creatinine and/or histologic findings in subsequent biopsies, up to 40 d after the initial biopsy. In addition to the borderline infiltrates, there was evidence of acute cyclosporine or tacrolimus toxicity (58%), acute tubular necrosis (12%), and urinary obstruction (12%). Forty-day follow-up after 30 (46%) biopsies revealed serum creatinine < 110% of baseline, and repeat biopsies were not indicated. In 17 (26%), the serum creatinine initially decreased, then increased, and follow-up biopsies showed acute rejection in nine. In 18 (28%), the creatinine remained elevated and follow-up biopsies revealed acute rejection in nine. The untreated borderline infiltrates were thus nonprogressive after 47 biopsies (72%) and progressed to histologic acute rejection after 18 (28%). When there was increasing or persistently elevated creatinine after the initial biopsy, 51% of cases (18 of 35) progressed to acute rejection. Infiltrates that progressed to rejection had more frequent glomerulitis (7 of 18 versus 3 of 47, P = 0.003) and Banff acute score indices (i+t+v+g) >2 (16 of 18 versus 29 of 47, P = 0.03). A majority (72%) of borderline infiltrates not given additional anti-rejection therapy did not progress to acute rejection over 40 d of follow-up, suggesting that conservative management of these lesions, at least in the short term, may be more appropriate than routine treatment as acute rejection.
Mannitol-induced acute renal failure.
Authors: P Visweswaran, E K Massin, T D Dubose
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

The osmotic diuretic mannitol may be used in diverse clinical settings, such as providing "renal protection" in patients at risk for acute renal failure, decreasing intracranial pressure in patients with intracranial trauma, and preventing the dialysis-disequilibrium syndrome. Mannitol is commonly used after cardiac catheterization, cardiovascular surgery, and exposure to intravenous contrast dyes. This study presents a case in which a long-term renal transplant recipient receiving cyclosporine therapy concomitantly developed acute renal failure after the administration of high-dose mannitol in an attempt to induce an osmotic diuresis. The diagnosis of "osmotic nephrosis" was confirmed by renal biopsy, and the condition was reversed by cessation of the agent. Studies in experimental animals indicate that cyclosporin A can potentiate the tubular toxicity of mannitol, but such an association has not been verified in humans. Numerous studies confirm the nephrotoxic potential of high-dose mannitol, especially in patients with renal insufficiency. The clinical utility of the osmolar gap in preventing mannitol nephrotoxicity is emphasized.
Post tubercular sequels as a important non-smoking risk factor for developing COPD
Authors: Hemant Kumar, J.K. Samaria
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Tuberculosis (TB) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are major public health problems in developing and under developed countries. Some studies have shown a association between these two diseases which are posing important problem for public health provider organizations.   Aim of the study:  To evaluate the risk of developing COPD by previous pulmonary tuberculosis, independent of smoking.   Methods:  Study includes 141 patients of COPD which were confirmed by spirometry (FEV1/FVC    Results:  Mean age of patients were 58.2 years. Out of 141 patients of COPD, 39 patients had a clinical and radiological evidence of previous pulmonary tuberculosis (SD 0.452, 39/141). 75 patients were having history of smoking (75/141, SD-0.504), 30 patients were identified as a non-smoker patients with previous pulmonary tuberculosis (30/141, 21.3%). In rest of the patients bio mass fuel, asthma and other occupational factors were identified as a risk factor for COPD.   Conclusion:  Post Tuberculosis is a one of the important non-smoking risk factor for the development of COPD.
Population pharmacokinetics of tralokinumab, an investigational anti-IL-13 monoclonal antibody, in asthmatic and healthy adults
Authors: Paul Baverel, Raffaella Faggioni, Balaji Agoram
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is considered a critical mediator in the development and maintenance of asthma. Tralokinumab (CAT-354), a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that specifically neutralizes IL-13, is currently trialled in subjects with uncontrolled, severe asthma.  The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of tralokinumab.  Four phase 1 studies and one phase 2a study constitute the data to be analysed comprising a population of 247 healthy and asthmatic adults. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling of pooled data was conducted using the software NONMEM7. The influence of demographic features on tralokinumab PK was evaluated by covariate analysis. Predictive performance of the model was assessed through simulations.  The PK parameters for a 2-compartment model after IV and SC dosing were all precisely estimated (RSE  The population PK model successfully described the concentration time-course of tralokinumab and adequately predicted the variability in the studied population. It therefore constitutes a useful tool for guiding the design and dosing of tralokinumab in future clinical trials.
Serial Transplantation of Carcinogen-Treated Mammary Nodule Outgrowths. III. Dissociation of Carcinogen-Induced Cell Variants by Dose and Chemical Structure of Carcinogen 2
Authors: Daniel Medina
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

BALB/cCrgl mammary nodule outgrowths, treated with 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) or a metobolite, MCA-1-one, were transplanted into untreated mice and mice with pituitary isografts. to determine the effect of dose and chemical structure of carcinogen on the appearance of hormone-sensitive cell variants. Nodule outgrowths treated with 0.1–1.0 mg MCA produced a higher incidence of mammary tumors than controls or outgrowths treated with 0.05 mg MCA or 1.0 mg MCA-1-one. However, doses of MCA and its ketone metabolite that did not induce neoplasms in the outgrowths lert in the treated host still induced tell variants responsive to hormone-mediated tumorigenesis. The results, indicate that the 2 types of carcinogen-induced cell variants in this system can be dissociated by dose and chemical structure of carcinogen.
Bleeding spectrum in children with moderate or severe von <scp>W</scp>illebrand disease: <scp>R</scp>elevance of pediatric‐specific bleeding
Authors: Yvonne V. Sanders, Karin Fijnvandraat, Johan Boender, Evelien P. Mauser‐Bunschoten, Johanna G. van der Bom, Joke de Meris, Frans J. Smiers, Bernd Granzen, Paul Brons, Rienk Y.J. Tamminga, Marjon H. Cnossen, Frank W.G. Leebeek
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

The bleeding phenotype of children with von Willebrand disease (VWD) needs to be characterized in detail to facilitate diagnosis during childhood and aid in the planning and assessment of treatment strategies. The objective was to evaluate the occurrence, type, and severity of bleeding in a large cohort of children with moderate and severe VWD. We included 113 children (aged 0-16 years) with Type 1 (n = 60), 2 (n = 44), and 3 (n = 9) VWD with von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen and/or VWF ristocetin cofactor levels ≤ 30 U/dL from a nation-wide cross-sectional study ("Willebrand in the Netherlands" study). Bleeding severity and frequency were determined using the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis-Bleeding Assessment Tool (ISTH-BAT) with supplementary pediatric-specific bleeding symptoms (umbilical stump bleeding, cephalohematoma, cheek hematoma, conjunctival bleeding, postcircumcision and postvenipuncture bleeding). We found that all 26 postmenarche girls experienced menorrhagia. Other common bleedings were cutaneous (81%), oropharyngeal (64%), prolonged bleeding from minor wounds (58%), and epistaxis (56%). Pediatric-specific bleeding symptoms were present in 44% of patients. ISTH-BAT bleeding score was higher in index cases than in affected family members (median, 12.0 vs. 6.5, P < 0.001), higher in Type 3 VWD than in Type 2 or 1 (17.0 vs. 10.5 or 6.5, P < 0.001) and higher in children with severe (<10 U/dL) than moderate VWD (10-30 U/dL) (11.0 vs. 7.0, P < 0.001). Frequency of any bleeding, epistaxis, and oral cavity was higher in types 2 and 3 than in Type 1 VWD and was associated with VWF levels. We conclude that pediatric-specific bleeding symptoms occurred in a large proportion of children with moderate or severe VWD and should be included when evaluating children for VWD.
Breaking Bad News About Cancer: Patients’ Preferences for Communication
Authors: Patricia A. Parker, Walter F. Baile, Carl de Moor, Renato Lenzi, Andrzej P. Kudelka, Lorenzo Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to assess patients’ preferences regarding the way in which physicians deliver news about their cancer diagnosis and management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A sample of 351 patients with a variety of cancers completed a measure assessing their preferences for how they would like to be told news about their cancer. Patients rated characteristics of the context and content of the conversation as well as physician characteristics. RESULTS: Factor analysis indicated that patients’ preferences for how they would like to be told news regarding their cancer can be grouped into the following three categories: (1) content (what and how much information is told); (2) facilitation (setting and context variables); and (3) support (emotional support during the interaction). Women (P = .02) and patients with higher education (P = .05) had significantly higher scores on the Content scale, women (P = .02) had higher scores on the Support scale, and younger patients (P = .001) and those with more education (P = .02) had higher scores on the Message Facilitation scale. Medical variables were not associated with patients’ ratings of the importance of the three subscales. CONCLUSION: Patients rated items addressing the message content as most important, though the supportive and facilitative dimensions were also rated highly. Understanding what is important to patients when told news about their cancer provides valuable information that may help refine how this challenging task is best performed.
PAI-uPA system in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in CPAP treatment
Authors: Elena Angelici, Alessia Steffanina, Caterina Antonaglia, Giovanni Alessandrini, Michela Mordenti, Paolo Palange, Rita Canipari
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background.  Prothrombotic state in OSAS play a role for cardiovascular risk. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) is one of the primary regulators of the fibrinolytic system. We evaluated plasma levels of PAI, uPA and uPA/PAI and their correlation with Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) and percentage of time with SpO 2  Methods.  Thirty-nine patients (age 57±1.54; BMI 34.5±1.07) with OSAS (AHI 28.4±3.16; ODI 35.7±3.4; T Results.  At baseline, PAI levels were higher in OSAS compared to controls (95.36±3.99 and 83.96±6.06 ng/ml, respectively). PAI levels were similar in S and NS subjects and were inversely related to AHI, BMI, ODI and T Conclusions.  Our preliminary data are compatible with an impairment of fibrinolytic activity in OSAS. The increase of uPA/PAI ratio after CPAP suggests a role of the PA system in the reduction of cardiovascular risk through the decrease of the prothrombotic state.
Suppression and Immunotherapy of the Guinea Pig Line-10 Hepatocarcinoma Mediated by Nonviable &lt;italic&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Percy Minden, J. Kenneth McClatchy, Michael J. Brunda
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Suppression of growth of the line-10 guinea pig hepatocarcinoma was achieved after the simultaneous injection of line-10 cells and heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus. Growth of tumor was also suppressed when line-10 cells were injected alone, contralaterally, at the same time as the vaccine mixture. Immunity developed to subsequent line-10 cell challenges but not to other syngeneic tumors. Similar results were obtained with the use of protein A-rich or -deficient strains of S. aureus. Multiple intratumor injections of heat-killed S. aureus were therapeutically effective against 6-day tumors. The antitumor effects of nonviable S. aureus were similar in many ways to those of living BCG or bacterial products suspended in oil droplets.