tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A view from cognitive linguistics
Authors: Ronald W. Langacker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Barsalou's contribution converges with basic ideas and empirical findings of cognitive linguistics. They posit the same general architecture. The perceptual grounding of conceptual structure is a central tenet of cognitive linguistics. Our capacity to construe the same situation in alternate ways is fundamental to cognitive semantics, and numerous parallels are discernible between conceptual construal and visual perception. Grammar is meaningful, consisting of schematized patterns for the pairing of semantic and phonological structures. The meanings of grammatical elements reside primarily in the construal they impose on conceptual content. This view of linguistic structure appears to be compatible with Barsalou's proposals.
Thyroglobulin and Calcitonin in Patients With Nontoxic Goiter
Authors: Gerald A. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE SERUM thyroglobulin (Tg) concentration is elevated in some patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.<sup>1</sup>Plasma calcitonin (CT) measurement is a specific screening test for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.<sup>2</sup>The purpose of our study was to assess the clinical value of measuring plasma thyroglobulin and calcitonin levels in the evaluation of nontoxic goiter. <h3>Patients and Methods</h3> Patients with goiter who attended the endocrine clinics of the Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital or the University of California, Los Angeles, Hospital had blood samples drawn during routine visits. All patients had been examined for goiter by standard techniques, including thyroid function tests, antithyroid antibodies, and radioiodine thyroid scans. Thyroid size was estimated by palpation, and nodules were measured with a plastic ruler. In patients with single nodules discovered by palpation, the thyroid size was estimated by adding the mass of the nodule to that of the normal gland, which was assumed
Nonassociation of Adrenocorticosteroid Therapy and Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Harold O. Conn, Bennett L. Blitzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

IT is "known" that adrenocorticosteroid therapy is frequently complicated by the appearance or reactivation of peptic ulcers,1 and that these ulcers are often associated with bleeding and perforation.2 3 4 The basis for this knowledge is difficult to define. Although there are many anecdotal reports of the development of peptic ulcer in patients receiving adrenocorticosteroid (steroid) treatment that go back to the early days of cortisone therapy5 6 7 and several series of patients with a high incidence of ulcers,2 3 4 , 8 , 9 no definitive description of this relation can be found, and no objective confirmation of this association exists. A few reports that failed to find . . .
Biodegradable honeycomb-patterned film composed of poly(lactic acid) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine
Authors: Yukako Fukuhira, Eiichi Kitazono, Takami Hayashi, Hiroaki Kaneko, Masaru Tanaka, Masatsugu Shimomura, Yoshihiko Sumi
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Consultation with prior physician
Authors: R. P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Changes in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Infants and Children with Left-to-Right Intracardiac Shunts
Authors: P. A. M. AULD, A. L. JOHNSON, J. E. GIBBONS, M. MCGREGOR
Journal: Circulation (1963)

The hemodynamic data of seventeen patients with left-to-right intracardiac shunts and pulmonary hypertension have been reviewed. A considerable rise in pulmonary vascular resistance was observed in 12 of these patients between the time of the first and second catheterizations. The results suggest that the possibility of progressive elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance with the passage of time should be a serious consideration in the selection of optimum age for operation in patients with left-to-right intracardiac shunts.
Fast-Fourier transform analysis of signal-averaged electrocardiograms for identification of patients prone to sustained ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: M E Cain, H D Ambos, F X Witkowski, B E Sobel
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Electrocardiograms obtained from patients during arrhythmia-free intervals do not identify those prone to sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) despite the occult delayed activation that is presumably present. To determine whether frequency-domain analysis facilitates detection of this hallmark of predisposition to VT, fast-Fourier transform analysis (FFTA) procedures were developed and tested with a computer-generated mathematical model. The FFTA approach developed allows inherent limitations of high-gain amplification and a priori filtering used commonly for time-domain analysis to be avoided. After demonstrating that FFTA detected low-amplitude oscillatory waveforms in signal-averaged recordings in the frequency domain, the procedure was applied to signal-averaged X, Y, and Z lead recordings from the following three groups of patients: group I, patients with prior myocardial infarction and episodic sustained VT (n = 16); group II, patients with prior myocardial infarction without overt sustained VT (n = 35); and group III, normal control subjects (n = 10). Results of FFTA demonstrated significant (p less than .0001) differences in the decibel drop at 40 Hz and the area under the curve from the fundamental frequency to the frequency at which the spectral amplitude was decreased by 60 dB for both the terminal 40 msec of the QRS and ST segment in patients in group I compared with those in groups II and III, in whom results were similar. Results were independent of QRS duration (r = .2), left ventricular ejection fraction (r = .19), and complexity of spontaneous ventricular ectopy. Thus, patients known to manifest sustained VT also exhibited relatively greater high-frequency content in arrhythmia-free intervals in the terminal QRS and ST segment than those without VT (88%, 15%, and 0% in groups I through III, respectively). FFTA offers promise for the noninvasive detection of patients at risk for the development of sustained VT.
ETIOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

By the employment of methods designed to promote the growth both of aerobic and anaerobic organisms, particularly those belonging to the class of spirochetes, it was possible to obtain a pure culture of a delicate organism, the morphological features of which place it in the genus Leptospira. On three occasions, that is, from three out of eleven cases of yellow fever, the organism was directly cultivated. These three strains were found to induce the characteristic symptoms and lesions when tested on guinea pigs. The organism was designated Leptospira icteroides. Leptospira icteroides was also obtained in pure culture from the blood of guinea pigs which succumbed to infection after being inoculated with the blood or organ emulsions from patients suffering from yellow fever. These cultures also proved to be virulent when tested on susceptible animals. The morphological characteristics and certain biological properties of the organism were considered in detail. It is invisible under translucent illumination and is difficult to stain by most aniline dyes. It is highly sensitive to the presence of bacteria and is rapidly destroyed in a medium in which certain other organisms are present. The presence of blood serum (man, sheep, horse, rabbit, etc.) seems to be essential for its growth. It grows well at a temperature of about 25-26 degrees C. and more quickly at 37 degrees C., though at the latter temperature it dies out within a few weeks. At 25 degrees C. under favorable conditions and in suitable culture media it remains viable for several months without losing its virulence. Leptospira icteroides multiplies by transverse division. The virulence attained by some strains was such that 0.00001 cc. of a culture could induce typical fatal infection in guinea pigs. There exists a considerable variation among guinea pigs in their susceptibility to Leptospira icteroides. The organism is killed within 10 minutes at a temperature of 55 degrees C. and is also destroyed by complete desiccation or freezing and thawing. Bile and bile salts dissolve it in certain concentrations, but not saponin. Leptospira icteroides passes through the pores of Berkefeld filters V and N, and there is a possibility of its having a granular phase of life under certain conditions.
S138 Clara cells inhibit alveolar epithelial wound repair through a TRAIL-dependent apoptosis mechanism
Authors: K. M. Akram, M. Spiteri, N. R. Forsyth
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Alveolar bronchiolization, a hyperproliferation of ciliated and non-ciliated (Clara) bronchiolar cells and their extension into the alveolar region, is a common feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The role of this bronchiolization process in alveolar wound repair is controversial. Clara cells are also believed to be progenitors for ciliated bronchiolar epithelium but their influence in repair processes is unclear. <h3>Methods</h3> Using an in vitro wound repair model we explored the interaction of human Clara cells (H441 cell line) and type II AEC (A549 cell line). A transwell co-culture system was developed to determine the direct contact effect of densely populated Clara cells on wounded AEC monolayers. <h3>Results</h3> In serum-free media, lone H441 cell wound repair was higher than equivalent A549 cells, despite the fourfold slower doubling time of H441 cells. Serum-free conditioned media obtained from un-wounded and wounded H441 monolayers did not show any significant influence on A549 wound repair. However, in a direct contact co-culture A549-H441 cell model significant inhibition of A549 wound repair (p&lt;0.005) was observed. Interestingly, H441 migration into the injured A549 layer was seen after 24 h; with a significant proportion of migrated H441 cells found at the wound margins. Coupled to this migration we observed a 50% reduction in A549 cell number at the wound margins. TUNEL assay detected about 40% A549 apoptosis in juxta-wound monolayers in A549-H441 direct contact (p&lt;0.00001). This direct contact-induced apoptosis was significantly blocked by TRAIL-R1 and R2 combined receptor blockers (p&lt;0.00001); whereas, Fas blocker failed to block this apoptosis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In summary, direct contact of H441 cells induces apoptosis in the A549 monolayers through a TRAIL-dependent mechanism which disrupts wound margin integrity, inhibiting wound repair. This novel observation warrants further exploration of the role of Clara cell-alveolar epithelial cell interaction within the context of aberrant wound repair associated with chronic fibrotic lung disorders.
Medical Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease—Reply
Authors: John Eikelboom, Graeme Hankey, Paul Norman
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations
Authors: James A. Kruse
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In these times of burgeoning medical technology and runaway costs, it is a pleasure to find a medical textbook that emphasizes the more basic aspects of practice.<i>Clinical Methods</i>, now in its third edition, reviews the history and physical examination in depth. In addition, the book offers brief discussions of selected laboratory methods used in diagnosis. Compared with previous editions, this volume has undergone extensive revision both in content and organization. Following a brief overview, it is divided into sections based on organ systems. The introductory section includes a useful and well-written chapter on the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of laboratory tests, as well as a chapter that takes on the difficult task of articulating the thought processes that are used in the collection and interpretation of medical data. The bulk of the text comprises a detailed discussion of the history and physical examination as related to a particular
"The Jugglery of Statistics"—A Bungling Prestidigitator.
Authors: Geo. M. Gould
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Philadelphia, Oct. 30, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In answer to your correspondent who writes under a part of the above title, permit me to quote a reply which appears in the<i>Philadelphia Medical Journal</i>of November 5: "The Jugglery of Statistics, a Reply to an Absurd Editorial" is the title of an article occupying one and one-fourth columns in theJournal of the American Medical Associationof Oct. 29, 1898, and written by Dr. Charles Smart, Deputy Surgeon-General of the U. S. Army. The writer is very scornful and contemptuous of the statistics of medical men in general, and of the<i>Philadelphia Medical Journal</i>in particular, viewing all of us from the lofty point of an expert dealing with ignoramuses. He admits the accuracy of the figures given in our editorial, namely, that in the Civil War 66.6 per cent, of deaths were from disease, and in the Spanish War
Generation of Lytic Natural Killer 1.1+, Ly-49− Cells from Multipotential Murine Bone Marrow Progenitors in a Stroma-free Culture: Definition of Cytokine Requirements and Developmental Intermediates
Authors: Noelle Sevilir Williams, Thomas A. Moore, John D. Schatzle, Igor J. Puzanov, P.V. Sivakumar, Albert Zlotnik, Michael Bennett, Vinay Kumar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

We have developed a stroma-free culture system in which mouse marrow or thymus cells, known to be enriched for lymphoid progenitors, can be driven to generate natural killer (NK) cells. Culture of lineage marker (Lin)−, c-kit+, Sca2+, interleukin (IL)-2/15Rβ (CD122)− marrow cells in IL-6, IL-7, stem cell factor (SCF), and flt3 ligand (flt3-L) for 5–6 d followed by IL-15 alone for an additional 4–5 d expanded the starting population 30–40-fold and gave rise to a virtually pure population of NK1.1+, CD3− cells. Preculture in IL-6, IL-7, SCF, and flt3-L was necessary for inducing IL-15 responsiveness in the progenitors because the cells failed to significantly expand when cultured in IL-15 alone from the outset. Although culture of the sorted progenitors in IL-6, IL-7, SCF, and flt3-L for the entire 9–11-d culture period caused significant expansion, no lytic NK1.1+ cells were generated if IL-15 was not added, demonstrating a critical role for IL-15 in NK differentiation. Thus, two distinct populations of NK progenitors, IL-15 unresponsive and IL-15 responsive, have been defined. Similar results were obtained with Lin−, CD44+, CD25−, c-kit+ lymphoid progenitors obtained from adult thymus. The NK cells generated by this protocol lysed the NK-sensitive target YAC-1 and expressed markers of mature NK cells with the notable absence of Ly-49 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) receptors. However, despite the apparent lack of these inhibitory MHC receptors, the NK cells generated could distinguish MHC class I+ from class I− syngeneic targets, suggesting the existence of novel class I receptors.
Selective growth arrest and phenotypic reversion of prostate cancer cells in vitro by nontoxic pharmacological concentrations of phenylacetate.
Authors: D Samid, S Shack, C E Myers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Differentiation therapy may provide an alternative for treatment of cancers that do not respond to cytotoxic chemotherapy or hormonal manipulations. This hypothesis led us to evaluate the effect of a nontoxic differentiation inducer, sodium phenylacetate (NaPA), on hormone-refractory prostate cancer, the second most common cause of cancer deaths in men. NaPA treatment of androgen-independent PC3 and DU145 prostate cell lines, like that of hormone-responsive LNCaP cultures, resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. Similar treatments were not significantly inhibitory to replicating normal endothelial cells and skin fibroblasts. In addition to the selective cytostatic effect, NaPA induced reversion of the prostatic cells to a nonmalignant phenotype, evidenced by their reduced invasiveness and loss of tumorigenicity in athymic mice. Phenotypic reversion was accompanied by alterations in gene expression, including selective reduction in tumor growth factor-beta 2 mRNA levels and increased amounts of class I major histocompatibility complex HLA transcripts. Furthermore, there was a decrease in tumor-associated proteolysis mediated by urokinase plasminogen activator, a molecular marker of disease progression in humans. When tumor cells were treated with NaPA together with suramin, a drug with demonstrable activity in patients, there was complete abrogation of cell growth under conditions in which each treatment alone produced only a partial effect. The in vitro antineoplastic activity was observed with drug concentrations that have been achieved in humans with no significant toxicities, suggesting that PA, used alone or in combination with other antitumor agents, warrants evaluation in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer.
A STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF NUCLEINATE-INDUCED LEUCOPENIC AND LEUCOCYTIC STATES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE RELATIVE RÔLES OF LIVER, SPLEEN, AND BONE MARROW
Authors: Charles A. Doan, Leon G. Zerfas, Sylvia Warren, Olivia Ames
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

The leucopenia induced by sodium nucleinate has been followed by repeated counts made simultaneously from the blood of a peripheral vein and from the internal organs, combined with a study of histological sections of the same organs taken with the counts. Measurements with the oncometer of changes in volume of the spleen have been correlated with the leucopenia and the leucocytosis following sodium nucleinate. It has thus been determined that the leucopenia is not the result of a vasomotor phenomenon, or of a change in blood volume, nor is it secondary to a retention of the white cells in the capillaries of lung or liver; it is due to the accumulation of neutrophilic leucocytes in the parenchyma of the spleen. That the spleen is solely responsible for the temporary depression of white cells in the general circulation under these conditions has been shown by splenectomy. In splenectomized rabbits no leucopenia developed, but instead a leucocytosis due to a direct action on the bone marrow. A profound change occurs in the distribution of the cells in the circulation at the moment of death. The liver, within a minute of the cessation of the circulation, shows a three- to fourfold increase in the number of white cells per c.mm., the differential count remaining unchanged. Thus estimations of the physiological distribution and redistribution of cells in the living state may be made only with the circulation unimpaired. The injection into normal rabbits of adenine and guanine nucleotides, split products of nucleic acid, gave immediate leucocytosis of bone marrow origin similar to that observed with the more complex molecule when the spleen was eliminated. The response of the bone marrow to chemotactic stimuli, such as those have used, may be reflected in the general circulation, through an absolute increase of young neutrophilic leucocytes, within a period of less than 1 hour. Within this brief period there takes place maturation from Myelocyte C and metamyelocyte into the early motile leucocyte, and the delivery of these just matured cells into the circulation. The response to one injection of nucleinate or nucleotide may persist into the 3rd and 4th days with a gradual depletion of the normal reserve of Myelocytes C in the bone marrow.
Specific Reading Disability
Authors: Richard S. Eustis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

CHILDREN who have not learned to read or to read fluently and with understanding are almost disgracefully numerous in our schools. Educational literature gives no clear picture of why this is so. The list of reasons advanced for their failure is a long one and includes such items as low intelligence, physical illness, malnutrition, visual and auditory defects, immaturity, lack of interest, emotional blocking and poor teaching. The viewpoint of the majority of teachers and child psychologists is clearly expressed by Witty and Kopel,1 who, after a full discussion of the various causes, state emphatically that there is no single . . .
A malarial cysteine proteinase is necessary for hemoglobin degradation by Plasmodium falciparum.
Authors: P J Rosenthal, J H McKerrow, M Aikawa, H Nagasawa, J H Leech
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

To obtain free amino acids for protein synthesis, trophozoite stage malaria parasites feed on the cytoplasm of host erythrocytes and degrade hemoglobin within an acid food vacuole. The food vacuole appears to be analogous to the secondary lysosomes of mammalian cells. To determine the enzymatic mechanism of hemoglobin degradation, we incubated trophozoite-infected erythrocytes with peptide inhibitors of different classes of proteinases. Leupeptin and L-transepoxy-succinyl-leucyl-amido-(4-guanidino)-butane (E-64), two peptide inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, inhibited the proteolysis of globin and caused the accumulation of undegraded erythrocyte cytoplasm in parasite food vacuoles, suggesting that a food vacuole cysteine proteinase is necessary for hemoglobin degradation. Proteinase assays of trophozoites demonstrated cysteine proteinase activity with a pH optimum similar to that of the food vacuole and the substrate specificity of lysosomal cathepsin L. We also identified an Mr 28,000 proteinase that was trophozoite stage-specific and was inhibited by leupeptin and E-64. We conclude that the Mr 28,000 cysteine proteinase has a critical, perhaps rate-limiting, role in hemoglobin degradation within the food vacuole of Plasmodium falciparum. Specific inhibitors of this enzyme might provide new means of antimalarial chemotherapy.