tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Active surveillance and use of barrier precautions did not reduce colonization and infection with MRSA and VRE in adult ICUs
Authors: Andrew Morris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club16 August 2011Active surveillance and use of barrier precautions did not reduce colonization and infection with MRSA and VRE in adult ICUsAndrew Morris, MDAndrew Morris, MDMount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, and, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-4-201108160-02013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationHuskins WC, Huckabee CM, O’Grady NP, et al. Intervention to reduce transmission of resistant bacteria in intensive care. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1407-18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21488763Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Infectious Disease: Critical Care: Reference1 Hébert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:409-17. [PMID: 9971864] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, and, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 August 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByA Perspective on the Evidence Regarding Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Surveillance 16 August 2011Volume 155, Issue 4Page: JC2-13KeywordsAntimicrobialsBacteriaEnterococcus infectionsHealth care providersInfectious disease surveillanceInfectious diseasesIntensive care unitsMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcal infection ePublished: 16 August 2011 Issue Published: 16 August 2011 CopyrightCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Udipi R. Shettigar, Herbert N. Hultgren, Michael Specter, Randolph Martin, D. Hywel Davies
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Primary pulmonary hypertension is a disease of unknown cause characterized by exertional dyspnea, dizziness and syncope and a progressive course resulting in death usually within three to seven years after the onset of symptoms. No therapeutic measures have been successful in relieving symptoms or affecting the course of the disease.1 2 3 4 5 6 Parenteral isoproterenol (Isuprel), methamphetamine and tolazoline have been shown to decrease pulmonary-artery pressure in acute studies.7 Isoproterenol has been said to be beneficial in the chronic treatment of two patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, but long-term results have not been reported.8 Sublingual isoproterenol had long-term favorable symptomatic effects over a . . .
The Rational Treatment of Menorrhagia
Authors: A. W. Edis
Journal: BMJ (1882)

which is not at all obvious at first, a careful examination should be THE RATIONAL TRIEATMENT OF MENORRHAGIA.insisted upon.In no fewer than four instances recently, I have met withRead in the Section of Obstetric Mfedicixe at the Annual Meeting, of/tle cases of unsuspected pregnancy complicated by polypus uteri.A birief Brutish Medical Assoriation in I Vor-ester, Aug-ust i882.narration of one case may prove of interest.
Splenorenal Arterial Anastomoses
Authors: ELLIOTT S. HURWITT, BERNARD SEIDENBERG, HENRY HAIMOVICI, DONALD S. ABELSON
Journal: Circulation (1956)

A splenorenal arterial anastomosis may be life-saving or result in renal salvage under a variety of circumstances. These may include thrombosis or aneurysm of the aorta, and obstruction, injury, aneurysm, or anomalies of the renal artery. The successful construction of a left splenorenal arterial anastomosis in a patient with ascending thrombosis of the abdominal aorta is presented.
The Caduceus Again
Authors: J. Lewis Bremer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE following paragraph is found in the scholarly work of O. H. Perry Pepper1:The Caduceus used as the symbol of the medical profession in America, was the staff of Mercury, the Roman god of trade and messenger of the gods.... The staff of Mercury has two serpents twined about it; more suitable for the medical profession would be the staff of Aesculapius, the Roman god of medicine.Many of the medical profession will agree with him, especially when they recall some of the other attributes assigned to the messenger god. He is the god of elegance, of skill . . .
Stereoscopic Fluoroscopy and Stereographic Cineangiocardiography
Authors: William C. Zarnstorff, George G. Rowe
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Stereographic viewing is achieved by rapid alternate radiographic bursts delivered from two x-ray sources beneath the fluoroscopic table and directed by a rotateing and fixed mirror to the appropriate eye. Stereographic movies are recorded as alternate left- and right-eye images on the same film strip. These are viewed when they are projected through polarizing filters so that each eye sees only its appropriate image. The method permits threedimensional viewing of the cardiovascular system and of the bolus of contrast material as it passes through the circulation. The interrelationships of vessels and chambers may be seen directly, rather than inferred, and the necessity for biplane studies is reduced.
Effect of Fish Oil on Appetite and Other Symptoms in Patients With Advanced Cancer and Anorexia/Cachexia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Eduardo Bruera, Florian Strasser, J. Lynn Palmer, Jie Willey, Kathryn Calder, Gail Amyotte, Vickie Baracos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Purpose: To determine whether high doses of fish oil, administered over 2 weeks, improve symptoms in patients with advanced cancer and decreased weight and appetite. Patients and Methods: Sixty patients were randomly assigned to fish oil capsules or placebo. Appetite, tiredness, nausea, well-being, caloric intake, nutritional status, and function were prospectively assessed at days 1 and 14. Results: The baseline weight loss was 16 ± 11 and 16 ± 8 kg in the fish oil (n = 30) and placebo (n = 30) group respectively, whereas the baseline appetite (0 mm = best and 10 mm = worst) was 58 ± 24 mm and 67 ± 19 mm, respectively (P = not significant). The mean daily dose was 10 ± 4 (fish oil group) and 9 ± 3 (placebo group) capsules, which provided 1.8 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.2 g of docosahexaenoic acid in the fish oil group. No significant differences in symptomatic or nutritional parameters were found (P &lt; .05), and there was no correlation between changes in different variables between days 1 and 14 and the fish oil doses. Finally, the majority of the patients were not able to swallow more than 10 fish oil capsules per day, mainly because of burping and aftertaste. Conclusion: Fish oil did not significantly influence appetite, tiredness, nausea, well-being, caloric intake, nutritional status, or function after 2 weeks compared with placebo in patients with advanced cancer and loss of both weight and appetite.
Significance of timing of angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade in rats with myocardial infarction-induced heart failure
Authors: Q Xia
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Blockade of angiotensin AT(1) receptors has been shown to prevent cardiac remodeling and improve left ventricular function and survival after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the timing of initiation of treatment has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of very early (30 min after MI), early (3 and 24 h after MI) and delayed (7 days after MI) treatments with the angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist fonsartan (HR 720) on cardiac morphological and hemodynamic parameters in a rat model of MI-induced heart failure and to establish the therapeutic window for the start of treatment.Male Wistar rats underwent coronary ligation and were randomized fonsartan (HR720) treatment starting 30 min, 3 h, 24 h and 7 days after MI or no treatment. Treatment was continued up to 6 weeks post MI.Fonsartan (HR720) treatment attenuated cardiac hypertrophy when treatment started 30 min or later after MI, limited infarct size when treatment initiated 3 and 24 h after MI, decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure when treatment started 3 h to 7 days after MI, and improved dP/dt(max) when treatment commenced 24 h and 7 days after MI compared to untreated infarct group.Our results show that angiotensin AT(1) receptor blockade with fonsartan (HR720) produced the best cardioprotective effects when treatment was started 3 to 24 h after MI although a start of treatment 7 days following MI still could improve functional parameters. These results suggest an optimal time window for the start of treatment with angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonists seems to be between 3 and 24 h post MI.
Pregnancy Complicating Ambulatory Patient Management of Diabetes
Authors: Jack M Schneider, John F Huddleston, Luis B Curet, Deborah L Menzel
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Two groups of patients are summarized. The first group demonstrates contemporary perinatal outcome using a predominantly outpatient management plan. The second group demonstrates extension of the outpatient management using a reflectance meter for in-the-home blood glucose assessments. The financial savings of outpatient management is emphasized.
Comparative tolerance of adapalene 0·1% gel and six different tretinoin formulations
Authors: None Galvin, None Gilbert, None Baker, None Guibal, None Tuley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Journal Article Comparative tolerance of adapalene 0·1% gel and six different tretinoin formulations Get access S.A. Galvin, S.A. Galvin TKL Research Inc. Paramus, New Jersey, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Gilbert, R. Gilbert TKL Research Inc. Paramus, New Jersey, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Baker, M. Baker Galderma Laboratories Inc. Fort Worth, Texas, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Guibal, F. Guibal Laboratoires Galderma, Levallois‐Perret, France F. Guibal Laboratoires Galderma, 20 av. André Malraux, 92309 Levallois‐Perret Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.R. Tuley M.R. Tuley Galderma Laboratories Inc. Fort Worth, Texas, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 139, Issue s52, 1 September 1998, Pages 34–40, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.1390s2034.x Published: 01 September 1998
Skin scraping is a useful investigation in meningococcal disease
Authors: M R H Taylor, C T Keane, M Periappuram
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Prescribing antidepressants in general practiceWhat is an effective dose?Editor-What should be the advised dosage of a tricyclic antidepressant for major depression?In his editorial Tony Kendrick quotes a recommended dose of a typical tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline, as 125 mg daily. 1 This dosage is at the higher end of the range of dosages quoted for all tricyclic antidepressants in the British National Formulary.If followed it would have major implications for the prescribing habits of general practitioners.The recommended dosage for amitriptyline for major depression is quoted from a consensus statement published in the BMJ in 1992. 2 The source of this recommendation is a double blind placebo controlled trial of amitriptyline among depressed patients in general practice. 3 In this trial patients given the active drug received amitriptyline 75 mg daily by the end of the first week, amitriptyline 100 mg during the second week, and amitriptyline 125-175 mg, depending on improvement, during the remaining four weeks of the study.The median dose of amitriptyline given over the six week study period was 125 mg.It is the median tolerated dose.Figure 1 in the paper by Hollyman et al clearly shows a response to treatment in the first two weeks, when the lower dose of amitriptyline was given. 3 Kendrick discusses the results of several investigations into the effectiveness of antidepressants at different dosages.Similar investigations have been used to develop the dose range of every prescribable antidepressantfor example, Kerihuel and Dreyfus reviewed 34 randomised clinical trials of lofepramine. 4 In the papers reviewed the concentration of lofepramine giving a clinical response ranged from 105 mg to 210 mg, which is equivalent to 75-150 mg amitriptyline.The principle that more severe cases of major depression require higher doses of antidepressants is also valid.It also holds true for newer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.For example, a study of prescribing patterns across 23 381 prescriptions shows that a prescription for higher than the initial dose was required in 6.8% of patients taking fluoxetine, 21.1% of patients taking paroxetine, and 51% of patients taking sertraline. 5
Bills of Right
Authors: Henry D. Messer
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your EDITORIAL, "A Bill of Rights for Alcoholic People" should be followed up by a similar "Bill of Rights for Homosexual People." Whether the AMA believes that homosexuality is an illness or not, physicians should encourage a similar act which "substitutes understanding and humane treatment for moralism and punishment. We can no longer ignore our responsibilities and expect that the criminal justice system can deal effectively with... the needs of [homosexual] people."
Infradiaphragmatic Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Authors: ARNOLD L. JOHNSON, F. W. WIGLESWORTH, J. S. DUNBAR, SARJIT SIDDOO, MARIA GRAJO
Journal: Circulation (1958)

A study of 4 cases of uncomplicated total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, in which the connection with the systemic circuit is in the region of the porta hepatis, revealed similar clinical and radiologic findings, so that in the fourth case the diagnosis was suspected and confirmed by angiocardiographic study. Mainly due to the obstruction of pulmonary venous outflow, this form of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage forms a distinct entity and the physiologic disturbance is quite different from those anomalies of the venous return in which the connection with the systemic circulation is above the diaphragm.
Blockade of CD49d (alpha4 integrin) on intrapulmonary but not circulating leukocytes inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma.
Authors: W R Henderson, E Y Chi, R K Albert, S J Chu, W J Lamm, Y Rochon, M Jonas, P E Christie, J M Harlan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Immunized mice after inhalation of specific antigen have the following characteristic features of human asthma: airway eosinophilia, mucus and Th2 cytokine release, and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. A model of late-phase allergic pulmonary inflammation in ovalbumin-sensitized mice was used to address the role of the alpha4 integrin (CD49d) in mediating the airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Local, intrapulmonary blockade of CD49d by intranasal administration of CD49d mAb inhibited all signs of lung inflammation, IL-4 and IL-5 release, and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. In contrast, CD49d blockade on circulating leukocytes by intraperitoneal CD49d mAb treatment only prevented the airway eosinophilia. In this asthma model, a CD49d-positive intrapulmonary leukocyte distinct from the eosinophil is the key effector cell of allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.
Multiple Foreign Bodies in the Stomach
Authors: Alan A. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1960)

FOREIGN BODIES in the stomach are a frequent occurrence. Generally they result in gastritis, secondary to the presence of the foreign body. This depends on the size and weight of the objects. The possibilities of the malformations of the stomach owing to foreign bodies are limitless. The shape of the deformity is governed by the size, shape, and number of objects involved. These foreign bodies found in the stomach may remain for a considerable time and not produce symptoms. We treated a patient at the Brooklyn State Hospital in whom 258 articles of varying size and shape were found in a diverticulum of the stomach. The foreign bodies were discovered during the course of a physical examination. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient, a white male, age 56, has been a patient at the Brooklyn State Hospital since 1936. He had previous periods of hospitalization since 1930. He was born
BETA-PROPIOLACTONE IS A CARCINOGEN
Authors: Dean V. Wiseley
Journal: JAMA (1960)

To the Editor:—  The article by Allen and Murphy inThe Journal, April 16, page 1759, on the use of beta-propiolactone for the sterilization of instruments and materials omits a very important consideration in the use of this substance. Beta-propiolactone is a carcinogen. Local sarcomas have been produced by subcutaneous injection of beta-propiolactone in rats (Walpole and others:Brit. J. Pharmacol.9:306 [Sept.] 1954), and squamous papillomas and squamous carcinomas have been produced in mice by painting the skin with this material (Roe and Glendenning:Brit. J. Cancer10:357 [June] 1956). In the laboratory of Dr. Paul Kotin we have produced sarcomas and squamous papillomas in mice by a single subcutaneous injection of a minute amount (.002 ml.) of beta-propiolactone (recent unpublished data). This information is brought to the attention of the readers ofThe Journalso that it may be more widely disseminated.
Experts recommend circumcision to combat male HIV infections in Africa
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2007)

s health secretary, has said that some Muslim GPs may be divulging details of the sexual health of female Muslim patients to family members.Her comments drew an angry response from Muslim GPs, who said that her claims were based only on anecdotal evidence.However, Mrs Hewitt, who represents a constituency in Leicester with a large ethnic minority community, said, "I have had Muslim women give me chapter and verse on very distressing breaches of confidentiality by Muslim GPs."Some women patients in some Muslim communities are feeling they can't trust their own GP, who is from the same community and knows their extended family."If they go for particular situations, such as a sexual health problem or domestic violence, they fear they will share that information with other members of the family or community."Mrs Hewitt made her comments in an interview with the magazine for GPs Pulse (29 Mar, p 2).Vijoy Singh, chairman of the Leicestershire and Rutland local medical committee, which covers Ms Hewitt's constituency, said, "No GP would break confidentiality, because if they break it they are liable to be sued.She's out of touch."Mrs Hewitt cited a report published in November last year by the Muslim Women's Network, which was based on conversations with Muslim women throughout the country, as further evidence of her concerns.The report, She Who Disputes (www.thewnc.org.uk/pubs/shewhodisputesnov06.pdf),noted: "Health services were criticised for being insensitive and there was repeated concern that GPs from within the community could not be trusted to maintain patient confidentiality." Hewitt says some Muslim GPs breach confidentialityUK NEWS Safety agency prioritises better use of anticoagulants, p714 World NEWS drugs are as goo�� as ���� in stable coronary artery ��isease, stu��y s�o�s, p71� drugs are as goo�� as ���� in stable coronary artery ��isease, stu��y s�o�s, p71� , p71� bmj.com o�for�� ra��cliffe �ospitals tol�� to impro�e team�or� o�for�� ra��cliffe �ospitals tol�� to impro�e team�or�
The effects of postponing prophylactic treatment on long-term outcome in patients with severe hemophilia
Authors: Kathelijn Fischer, Johanna G. van der Bom, Eveline P. Mauser-Bunschoten, Goris Roosendaal, Robert Prejs, Piet de Kleijn, Diederick E. Grobbee, Marijke van den Berg
Journal: Blood (2002)
Misdiagnosis of conversion symptoms
Authors: John F Corish
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Improving surveillance of MRSA bacteraemiaData from north west England support Oxfordshire findings Editor-Wyllie et al conclude that admission cultures accounted for 24% of total hospital methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia episodes over seven years to March 2004. 1 Data collected from five district general hospitals and one university hospital in Cheshire and Merseyside and one district general hospital in greater Manchester support this view.This group of hospitals has collected enhanced MRSA bacteraemia surveillance data using published case definitions from the Department of Health since April 2004.Anonymised data are collected on paper forms and analysed using the FORMIC data capture system.In all, 534 cases of S aureus bacteraemia were identified between April 2004 and March 2005, 334 being methicillin sensitive S aureus bacteraemia and 200 MRSA bacteraemia.Sixty six of the MRSA bacteraemia cases occurred within 48 hours of arrival in hospital, 16 being related to a previous hospital admission, 25 in patients known to have been colonised with MRSA, and 13 in patients admitted from nursing or residential homes.Thirty five cases were admitted as medical specialties, 25 of them in patients over 65.Our results support the suggestion by Wyllie et al that anti-MRSA treatment should be considered for patients with possible staphylococcal sepsis who have previously been admitted or known to be colonised with MRSA.In a predominantly district general hospital setting, anti-MRSA treatment should also be considered for possible staphylococcal sepsis in elderly medical admissions and admissions from nursing homes.
A novel mechanism underlying pathogenesis of Down syndrome
Authors: Xin Wang, Yingjun Zhao, Xiaofei Zhang, Ying Zhou, Barbara Ranscht, Fred H Gage, William C Mobley, Yun-wu Zhang, Stuart A Lipton, Wanjin Hong, Huaxi Xu
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Background Down syndrome (DS) patients unanimously develop pathologies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in their 30s or 40s. Since DS is caused by the existence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 in cells, an over-dosage of genes on chromosome 21 may play a role in the pathogenesis of DS and perhaps AD as well. This idea has been well-supported in the case of the APP gene over-dosage which leads to overproduction of the neurotoxic b-amyloid (Ab) peptides, the prime culprit in AD pathogenesis. However, the involvement of other genes on chromosome 21 in AD has barely been studied. Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27), a brainenriched PDZ domain protein, regulates endocytic sorting and trafficking.
Histamine release, pulmonary blood shunts, and rapid, shallow breathing in the dog
Authors: R. Marshall
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Trimetaphan (Arfonad), which acts as a histamine-releasing agent in dogs, was observed to increase the shunt of blood through the lungs. Although external examination of the lungs showed no appreciable collapse, more detailed examination of lungs fixed by perfusion showed that the shunt could be explained on the basis of alveolar collapse and there was no need to postulate the opening of anatomical shunts. Histamine-releasing agents or histamine produced rapid, shallow breathing, which persisted after inflation of the lungs sufficient to restore the elastic and non-elastic resistance of the lungs to normal. It seems possible that the rapid, shallow breathing is due to sensitization of vagal nerve endings by the histamine or by some other substance released from the mast cells.