tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of adjunct cytogenetic abnormalities for prognostic stratification in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and deletion 5q
Authors: M Mallo, J Cervera, J Schanz, E Such, G García-Manero, E Luño, C Steidl, B Espinet, T Vallespí, U Germing, S Blum, K Ohyashiki, J Grau, M Pfeilstöcker, J M Hernández, T Noesslinger, A Giagounidis, C Aul, M J Calasanz, M L Martín, P Valent, R Collado, C Haferlach, C Fonatsch, M Lübbert, R Stauder, B Hildebrandt, O Krieger, C Pedro, L Arenillas, M Á Sanz, A Valencia, L Florensa, G F Sanz, D Haase, F Solé
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
A Systematic Approach to the Diagnosis of Suspected Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Brian J. Scott, Vanja C. Douglas, Tarik Tihan, James L. Rubenstein, S. Andrew Josephson
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

entral nervous system (CNS) lymphoma can present a diagnostic challenge.Currently, there is no consensus regarding what presurgical evaluation is warranted or how to proceed when lesions are not surgically accessible.We conducted a review of the literature on CNS lymphoma diagnosis (1966 to October 2011) to determine whether a common diagnostic algorithm can be generated.We extracted data regarding the usefulness of brain and body imaging, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies, ophthalmologic examination, and tissue biopsy in the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma.Contrast enhancement on imaging is highly sensitive at the time of diagnosis: 98.9% in immunocompetent lymphoma and 96.1% in human immunodeficiency virus-related CNS lymphoma.The sensitivity of CSF cytology is low (2%-32%) but increases when combined with flow cytometry.Cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase isozyme 5, ␤ 2microglobulin, and immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement studies have improved sensitivity over CSF cytology (58%-85%) but have only moderate specificity (85%).New techniques of proteomics and microRNA analysis have more than 95% specificity in the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma.Positive CSF cytology, vitreous biopsy, or brain/leptomeningeal biopsy remain the current standard for diagnosis.A combined stepwise systematic approach outlined here may facilitate an expeditious, comprehensive presurgical evaluation for cases of suspected CNS lymphoma.
APHONIA FROM GOITER
Authors: John William Shuman
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Loss of voice is a rare condition when it is caused by pressure of the thyroid gland. R. C. Coffey<sup>1</sup>does not remember having had a case of aphonia which was relieved by the removal of a goiter. G. W. Crile<sup>1</sup>says: "About 4 per cent of our cases show a unilateral paralysis and often present some difficulty in speech but usually are thoroughly compensated. With the exception of malignant cases I have never had a case with complete loss of voice. The functional side of such a case must of course, be considered. A laryngoscopic examination would clear up this point." E. S. Judd<sup>1</sup>cannot recall a case of this sort except one or two in which there was a hysterical aphonia which was relieved by operation; these, however, showed no definite paralysis of the cords on laryngoscopic examination. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A white man, aged
MANAGEMENT OF THE UMBILICAL CORD.
Authors: C. S. BACON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The cutting of the cord is the first surgical operation to which most human beings are subjected and an operation to which all must submit. The management of the stump during its separation from the body and the care of the ulcer subsequently formed are surgical procedures upon which depend the health and perhaps the life of the infant. If the wound be improperly managed so that infection results the child comes into serious danger. Navel infection is indeed one of the greatest dangers to which the newborn is exposed. This surgical operation has been done since time immemorial. It must also be performed by the lower animals. It was done for centuries and ages before there were surgical principles to determine its technic. It is done to-day in many, perhaps the majority of cases, by those who have no knowledge of surgical principles. Yet in some way or other
Cimetidine Therapy in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Authors: John L. Orchard
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE ZOLLINGER-ELLISON syndrome is associated with hypersecretion of gastric acid, usually owing to gastrin-secreting pancreatic tumors. Hemorrhage or perforation are complications of the malignant peptic ulcer diathesis. The recommended treatment is total gastrectomy. This case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is reported to illustrate an alternative treatment for patients unable to tolerate total gastrectomy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 72-year-old man underwent gastroenterostomy and vagotomy in 1972 for a bleeding duodenal peptic ulcer. Intermittent episodes of epigastric pain for the next four years were treated with antacids. He was admitted on May 17, 1976, with epigastric pain, weakness, and melena, but no diarrhea; hemoglobin level was 6 gm/dl. A large duodenal ulcer was demonstrated radiographically. The basal acid output was 17 mEq/hr, and maximal acid output was 35 mEq/hr. Fasting serum gastrin level was 433 and 600 pg/ml on two occasions (normal, less than 170 pg/ml. Following a bolus of secretin (2
Oral History Records
Authors: Peter D. Olch
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the creation of "oral history" records as source materials for medical history. This technique uses tape-recorded interviews with individuals whose careers have been important to the development of modern medicine to capture information that would otherwise be lost. As a part of its program in oral history, the National Library of Medicine is conducting a census of existing oral history materials in the field of biomedicine in the United States. This information will eventually appear in a Union Catalog, which will inform interested persons of the location, subject coverage, and availability of these materials throughout the country. For this purpose we are writing to a large number of biomedical institutions and societies to ask whether they have oral history programs or collections either sponsored by themselves or conducted independently by any of their members. The National Library
Liver disease in twins with Felty's syndrome.
Authors: R J Moots, E Elias, S Hubscher, M Salmon, P Emery
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

In 1924 Felty reported the association of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), splenomegaly and neutropenia.'Other features including throm- bocytopenia, anaemia, generalised lympha- denopathy, skin ulcers and hyper pigmentation have been added and it has become generally accepted that Felty's syndrome (FS) is an uncommon but severe variant of RA, developing in approximately 1% of patients.2Affected patients tend to have a severe, de- structive arthritis despite little evidence of objective synovitis, and exhibit a higher frequency of extra-articular manifestations, including vasculitis.Although the aetiology of FS, in common with RA, is unknown, over 900/o of patients are HLA-DR4 positive, com- pared with 70% of patients with RA and only 30/o of controls, suggesting a genetic basis:3 indeed, a striking proportion are homozygous for the HLA-Dw4 allele.4In this article liver disease, one of the less well-known associations of FS, is discussed, and stresses the clinical features, investigations, aetiopathology, and management.
FIBROSIS OF THE LUNG FOLLOWING ROENTGEN-RAY TREATMENTS FOR TUMOR
Authors: LAURENCE E. HINES
Journal: JAMA (1922)

lung had become aerated.The lower part still showed a dense shadow, and the heart and mediastinum were still over on the right side.The right border of the heart could be made out more distinctly, and the trachea could be seen to be over on the right side (Fig. 2).Physical examination revealed tympany on percussion over the upper two right interspaces, with mixed bronchial and vesicular breathing, and many râles.For the next two days the physical signs remained the same.The dyspnea was much less, and there was no abnormal temperature.April 22, the picture had changed entirely.The apex beat was felt distinctly in the
Function of Heparanase in Prostate Tumorigenesis: Potential for Therapy
Authors: Immanuel Lerner, Leah Baraz, Eli Pikarsky, Amichay Meirovitz, Evgeny Edovitsky, Tamar Peretz, Israel Vlodavsky, Michael Elkin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Heparanase is the predominant enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate, the main polysaccharide in the extracellular matrix. Whereas the role of heparanase in sustaining the pathology of human cancer is well documented, its association with prostate carcinoma remains uncertain. Our research was undertaken to elucidate the significance of heparanase in prostate tumorigenesis and bone metastasis.We applied immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarray, in vitro adhesion and invasion assays, as well as mouse models of intraosseous growth and spontaneous metastasis of prostate cancer, monitored by whole-body bioluminescent imaging. Electroporation-assisted administration of anti-heparanase small interfering RNA in vivo was applied as a therapeutic approach.We report a highly statistically significant (P < 0.0001) prevalence of heparanase overexpression in prostate carcinomas versus noncancerous tissue, as well as strong correlation between tumor grade and the extent of heparanase expression. We observed >5-fold increase in the metastatic potential of PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells engineered to overexpress heparanase. Notably, overexpression of a secreted form of the enzyme also led to a dramatic increase in intraosseous prostate tumor growth. Local in vivo silencing of heparanase resulted in a 4-fold inhibition of prostate tumor growth, representing the first successful application of anticancer therapy based on heparanase small interfering RNA and validating the potential of heparanase as a target for prostate cancer treatment.Heparanase directly contributes to prostate tumor growth in bone and its ability to metastasize to distant organs. Thus, anti-heparanase strategy may become an important modality in the treatment of prostate cancer patients, particularly those with bone metastases.
Covered Stent Septal Ablation for Hypertrophic Obstruction Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Angelo Anzuini, Barry F. Uretsky
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Fifer et al 1 report a case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in which a covered stent was implanted in the left anterior descending artery to occlude the first septal branch after an unsuccessful attempt to cannulate it.Recurrence of symptoms was associated with collateralization from the right coronary artery of the occluded septal branch.We think this case is of special interest to the interventional cardiologist because it can be analogized to treatment of the complex bifurcation lesion.First, it demonstrates that the myocardium supplied by an occluded side branch during intervention may be protected by a collateral. 2 Second, it raises the concern, especially with the use of GpIIb/IIIa inhibitor, that in the rare case of a side branch perforation after percutaneous coronary intervention in a patient in whom the bulky covered stent cannot be implanted in the side branch, covering the main branch may be ineffective in preventing tamponade, specifically because of the collateral, which in this scenario, is clearly not "protective." 3,4Finally, we have a serious concern about the use of a covered stent to treat hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.There is probably a 20% risk of stent site stenosis, which, in the setting of hypertrophy, might place the patient at high risk for severe and possibly life-threatening ischemia.As such, this type of therapy must be viewed with extreme caution unless scientific data validate this approach.
Treatment-Adjusted Predisposition to Second Malignant Neoplasms After a Solid Cancer in Childhood: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Sylvie Guérin, Mike Hawkins, Akhtar Shamsaldin, Catherine Guibout, Ibrahima Diallo, Odile Oberlin, Laurence Brugières, Florent de Vathaire
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Previous therapy, genetic susceptibility, and the type of first malignant neoplasm (FMN) are known to be associated with the risk of second malignant neoplasm (SMN) among patients treated for a childhood cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the independent role of the FMN in the onset of any SMN.A case-control study nested in a European cohort of 4,581 patients treated for a solid cancer during childhood was conducted. One hundred forty-six patients with an SMN and 417 controls were matched for sex, age at FMN, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, the local radiation dose received at the site of SMN for patient cases and at the same site for the matched controls, and follow-up.A significantly increased risk of developing any SMN was observed after Hodgkin's lymphoma, retinoblastoma, malignant bone tumor, soft tissue sarcoma (STS), and germ cell tumor as FMN, after adjustment for chemotherapy and family cancer syndrome. No significant risk of developing a carcinoma was observed among patients who had developed Hodgkin's lymphoma as FMN. A significantly increased risk of developing a sarcoma was observed among patients who had developed a retinoblastoma (adjusted odds ratio [ORa] = 7.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 46), a malignant bone tumor (ORa = 13.3; 95% CI, 1.5 to 117), an STS (ORa = 4.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 18), or a carcinoma (ORa = 9.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 82) as FMN.Survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma, retinoblastoma, malignant bone tumor, STS, and germ cell tumor should receive close surveillance because they are at increased risk of developing any SMN.
A STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL NON-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS LESIONS IN VITALLY STAINED RABBITS
Authors: Russell L. Cecil
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

1. Repeated injections into rabbits of non-hemolytic streptococci isolated from human cases of infectious endocarditis or rheumatic fever will produce an acute arthritis in the rabbit similar in most respects to the arthritis of acute rheumatism. 2. Microscopical sections of the joints show a gradual transition from an acute exudative inflammation to advanced organization. 3. Endocarditis and pericarditis occur in a small percentage of cases, and focal lesions in the myocardium consisting of necrosis and the infiltration of cells are frequent. These focal lesions differ considerably from Aschoff's submiliary nodules. 4. Lesions in the kidneys and liver occur but are not characteristic. 5. By means of the vital stain it has been shown that the large endothelioid cells which play a prominent part in the joint and myocardial lesions belong to the group of so called macrophages or wandering cells and probably develop from the vascular endothelium.
Impaired negative feedback suppression of bile acid synthesis in mice lacking βKlotho
Authors: Shinji Ito, Toshihiko Fujimori, Akiko Furuya, Junko Satoh, Yoko Nabeshima, Yo-ichi Nabeshima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

We have generated a line of mutant mouse that lacks βKlotho, a protein that structurally resembles Klotho. The synthesis and excretion of bile acids were found to be dramatically elevated in these mutants, and the expression of 2 key bile acid synthase genes, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) and sterol 12α-hydroxylase (Cyp8b1), was strongly upregulated. Nuclear receptor pathways and the enterohepatic circulation, which regulates bile acid synthesis, seemed to be largely intact; however, bile acid–dependent induction of the small heterodimer partner (SHP) NR0B2, a common negative regulator of Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1, was significantly attenuated. The expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1 is known to be repressed by dietary bile acids via both SHP-dependent and -independent regulations. Interestingly, the suppression of Cyp7a1 expression by dietary bile acids was impaired, whereas that of Cyp8b1 expression was not substantially altered in βklotho–/– mice. Therefore, βKlotho may stand as a novel contributor to Cyp7a1-selective regulation. Additionally, βKlotho-knockout mice exhibit resistance to gallstone formation, which suggests the potential future clinical relevance of the βKlotho system.
THE ROENTGEN TREATMENT OF POLYCYTHEMIA
Authors: G. L. Moench
Journal: JAMA (1930)

<h3>The the Editor:</h3> —The treatment of polycythemia, or Vaquez's disease, is even today haphazard. Attempts are still made to reduce blood volume by dietary regimen and bloodletting, needless to say without much success. Recently Guido Milani (The Journal, Oct. 19, 1929, p. 1205) has described the roentgen treatment of the long bones of patients suffering from Vaquez's disease as a new and successful method of therapeusis. Milani states that, although attempts to irradiate the bones had been made previously, the authors had not given details or specified the bones to be irradiated. Milani's success corroborates the results I published in detail more than eleven years ago (<i>München. med. Wchnschr</i>.<b>66</b>:269, 1919) and which I believe represent the first successful effort to treat polycythemia by irradiation of the long bones. At that time, while interned in Germany, I had occasion to treat a woman with polycythemia and multiple fibromyomas of
Bone growth in biomimetic apatite coated porous Polyactive® 1000PEGT70PBT30 implants
Authors: C Du, G.J Meijer, C van de Valk, R.E Haan, J.M Bezemer, S.C Hesseling, F.Z Cui, K de Groot, P Layrolle
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)
APPARATUS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE SALIVARY UREA INDEX
Authors: Philip S. Hench
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The development and clinical application of the salivary urea index has been previously described in detail.<sup>1</sup>No special apparatus is needed for the determination of the index in laboratory or hospital practice. Flasks and a buret will suffice. For the convenience of the general practitioner, however, it has seemed wise to assemble the necessary reagent bottles, collecting flask and calibrated index tubes in a small box, which may be carried in a handbag or may serve as a compact laboratory outfit.<sup>2</sup> <h3>PRINCIPLES OF THE METHOD</h3> With urea retention in the body, there is an increase in the salivary urea, proportionate to the rise in the blood urea.<sup>3</sup>Certain salivary constituents have the property of forming compounds with mercury, and of these, the salivary urea is the dominating mercury-combining element. Therefore, urea retention in the body is indicated by a rise in the mercury-combining power of saliva. The
BMJ should stop confusing its readers over national differences
Authors: A. Morris
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Almost every week the BMJ makes mistakes about which elements of the health service apply in England only and which are true for the rest of the United Kingdom. It is not alone in this. Most of the London based media confuse their readers and viewers about the differences between the four countries of the United Kingdom, and it is time for them to do better. Devolution makes this essential.

Take NICE (the National Institute for Clinical Excellence). This will work for England and Wales. Scotland, instead, has SHTAC (Scottish Health Technology Assessment Centre). But since the beginning of the year the BMJ has twice told its readers that NICE will cover the whole of the United Kingdom.

“Devolution is just one of the catalysts for change” 

The journal is similarly confused about the white papers on the health service. The National Health Service, a British institution, has had separate arrangements for the four main countries ever …
Vasopressin in Prevention of Lumbar Puncture Headache
Authors: H. Aziz, J. Pearce, E. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1968)

A double-blind controlled trial of aqueous vasopressin injection (Pitressin) in the prophylaxis of lumbar puncture reactions in 50 patients showed that the incidence of reactions was unaffected, but that severe reactions occurred less frequently in the treatment group. Moderately severe side-effects occurred in 27% of those receiving vasopressin.
On a Case of Conservative Surgery
Authors: T. Annandale
Journal: BMJ (1881)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL'.2-OURNAL.{Dec.io, i88I.'tended.Dr. Otis of New York has recently demonstrated the truth of Sir Everard IHome's observation " That the, urethra is everywhere much larger than had been supposed, exceeding the size of the largest bougie'in use in a very great degree."*And what is true ofthe healthy urethra will be found to apply, though in a less degree, to the strictured one.The adaptations in Holt's dilator, specially fitting it for this purpose, may be briefly stated.In the first place, there is attached to it a pilot bougie, which, in cases of tight or tortuous strictures, will be found invaluable.Though the pilot bougie may not be necessary for all cases where stretching is to be employed, yet, as this treatment is intended for some of the worst forms of the affection, it is as well to be prepared for every contingency.If the pilot bougie be not required, a r6und-top screw takes its place.Then I have increased the number of dilating rods to eight, so that the process of stretching may be gradual; and, in order
PRIMARY PERIOSTITIS OF THE MASTOID.Read before the Section of Otology and Laryngology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: H. v. WÜRDEMANN
Journal: JAMA (1891)

My object in reporting these cases, beyond the fact that primary periostitis is rare, is to show the advisability of prompt action and radical treatment in all post-aural inflammations. <i>Case 1.</i>—May 30, 1890, Mrs, M., æt. 30, a seamstress. Was convalescing from an attack of facial erysipelas, the last manifestations of which had apparently left four weeks previously. I was called in consultation by Dr. U. O. B. Wingate, on account of a painful swelling behind the left ear, which had been first observed about a week before. She had had fever for several days, and upon my examination the temperature was found to be 101°. The mastoidal region was quite boggy and exquisitely tender. The hearing distance was normal; an examination by the speculum and mirror did not even reveal congestion of the membrane. Likewise the Eustachian tubes and pharynx were apparently normal. On the same day I made
Government Report Gives Department of Education and Some Offshore Medical Schools Failing Grades
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

DESPITE WELL more than $100 million of federally insured loans distributed in recent years to US students studying at foreign medical schools, very few data are available to assess the quality of education that money is buying. Some of the best existing data can be found in a report prepared for Congress by the US General Accounting Office (GAO). The report,<i>Student Loans: Millions Loaned Inappropriately to U.S. Nationals at Foreign Medical Schools</i>(GAO, HEHS-94-28, January 1994), received remarkably little public notice when it was released, despite its many disturbing findings. In 1980 and 1985, the GAO had reported finding serious problems in the way the Department of Education was evaluating offshore medical schools to make sure that federally insured student loans do not support schools that fail to meet standards comparable with those that schools in the United States and Canada must meet. According to the latest GAO report,