tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug company is reprimanded by UK regulator
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A drug company has been publicly reprimanded for trying to subvert a safety message issued by UK regulators for a drug used to treat depression and anxiety.

The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, which monitors the safety of drugs, censured Wyeth last week after a health professional complained about the way that company representatives had openly questioned a safety warning on the drug venlafaxine (sold as Efexor and Efexor XL), a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor.

In December the Committee on Safety of Medicines warned of potential cardiac problems with the drug. Subsequent guidance from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the treatment of depression states that mental health specialists using …
ETIOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCER.
Authors: FRANK BILLINGS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Acute gastric ulcer and the so-called abrasions of the mucous membrane of the stomach are identical in their morbid anatomy and pathology. As a rule these are superficial and extend wholly or through a part only of the mucosa. They are not uncommon and many occur in chronic circulatory disturbances due to heart and arterial disease and to cirrhosis of the liver. They may be postoperative events, especially in abdominal section. They appear in cachectic states due to chronic diseases and are not infrequent in the new born. They may appear in certain neurotic conditions, especially in women. These acute erosions are soft, sometimes blood stained, often multiple, frequently consist of mere slits in the mucous membrane, may be so small as to escape detection and usually would not exceed 4 mm. in diameter. The largest may be dignified by the name of an ulcer. These acute processes are important
Favorable long-term follow-up results over 6 years for response, survival, and safety with imatinib mesylate therapy in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia after failure of interferon-α treatment
Authors: Andreas Hochhaus, Brian Druker, Charles Sawyers, Francois Guilhot, Charles A. Schiffer, Jorge Cortes, Dietger W. Niederwieser, Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, Richard M. Stone, John Goldman, Thomas Fischer, Stephen G. O'Brien, Jose J. Reiffers, Manisha Mone, Tillmann Krahnke, Moshe Talpaz, Hagop M. Kantarjian
Journal: Blood (2007)
PWE-030 Audit of Bowel Cancer Presentation in a Community Hospital Setting
Authors: J Tharakan, I Tiwari, D Beesley
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Most data on bowel cancer presentation are from an acute hospital setting. There have not been many reports from a community hospital. Our audit looked into the presentation of bowel cancer from a community hospital setting. <h3>Methods</h3> We audited the results of bowel cancer presentation from our community hospital with data collected over a two year period from June 2010 to May 2012. We analysed the presenting symptoms, the male:female ratio, ages and location of bowel cancer. <h3>Results</h3> 1795 colonoscopies and 2589 flexible sigmoidoscopies were performed at our hospital during this two year period. The total number of colonic cancers found were 87(47 found on colonoscopy and 40 on flexible sigmoidoscopy), giving an incidence of about 2%. The ages ranged from 33 years to 86years with 49 males and 38 females. The main presenting symptoms were analysed and were as follows. Anaemia in 16 patients Abdominal pain in 8 patients. Per rectal (PR) bleeding in 45 patients Change in bowel habit in 25 patients. We followed the established norm of dividing colon cancers proximal to the splenic flexure as right colonic and distal to this as left colonic. On this basis, the locations of the bowel cancers were found to be 19 in the right colon and 68 in the left. We attempted to corelate clinical findings with site of tumours. It was observed that anaemia was more commonly associated with a right colonic lesion as compared to PR Bleeding which was seen with a left sided pathology. Abdominal pain and change in bowel habit were not strongly associated with any particular location for a tumour. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our audit data of colon cancers from a community based setting is one of the few to be published in recent years. We have shown an incidence of about 2% of colon cancers from this setting. There appears to be a definite association between PR bleeding and left colon tumours as compared to anaemia which appeared to be associated with right colonic lesions. The overwhelming majority of cases referred to us were lesions located in the left colon suggesting that one-off flexible sigmoidoscopy as a tool for bowel cancer screening should have a very good diagnostic yield. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Finalists are announced for The BMJ Awards 2014
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Surgeons in Northumbria who trained surgeons in Tanzania in laparoscopic techniques, and gastroenterologists in London who shortened patients’ wait for gastrointestinal tests through a GP “straight to test” service, are among the diverse range of medical teams to make the list of finalists for The BMJ Awards 2014, held in association with the medical defence union MDDUS.

This year more than 400 entries were received for the awards, which are now in their sixth year—a 30% increase on 2013, when the number of entries was just under 300.1 The entries were whittled down to a shortlist of 59 who will go on to the final stage. For the first time this will involve face to face interviews and peer review.

The winners will be announced on 8 May at a prestigious ceremony in London, along with the recipient of a lifetime achievement award sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline.

The categories for 2014 include team awards for cancer care, diabetes, gastroenterology, respiratory medicine, surgery, primary care, emergency medicine, education, and clinical leadership. Other awards include research paper of the year and innovation in healthcare.

This year there is also a special patient safety team award to mark Don Berwick’s recent review of the NHS. The finalists include Victoria’s Legacy—a campaign by Kettering General Hospital Foundation Trust underpinned by a series of pledges on safety and transparency, which was conceived after the death of Victoria Harrison as a result of failure to rescue after a laparoscopic appendectomy.

The awards …
Nationwide Veterans Affairs Quality Measure for Cancer: The Family Assessment of Treatment at End of Life
Authors: Esme Finlay, Scott Shreve, David Casarett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

The Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system has created a national initiative to measure quality of care at the end of life. This article describes the first phase of this national initiative, the Family Assessment of Treatment at End of Life (FATE), in evaluating the quality of end-of-life care for veterans dying with cancer. In the initial phase, next of kin of patients from five VA Medical Centers were contacted 6 weeks after patients' deaths and invited to participate in a telephone interview, and surrogates for 262 cancer patients completed FATE interviews. Decedents were 98% male with an average age of 72 years. There was substantial variation among sites. Higher FATE scores, consistent with family reports of higher satisfaction with care, were associated with palliative care consultation and hospice referral and having a Do Not Resuscitate order at the time of death, whereas an intensive care unit death was associated with lower scores. Early experience with FATE suggests that it will be a helpful tool to characterize end-of-life cancer care and to identify targets for quality improvement.
Cataract extraction rates and insurance status
Authors: E. A. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Dr Goldzweig and colleagues 1 have added cataract extraction to the growing list of procedures and conditions for which practice patterns differ substantially between managed care and FFS settings. The differences they found in cataract extraction rates were strikingly large, on the order of 2 to 1. Nonetheless, it is not clear what to make of these differences. Because Goldzweig and colleagues did not assess the extent to which these surgeries were indicated for the patients who underwent them, we cannot tell how much their findings reflect either overtreatment of FFS patients or undertreatment of managed care patients. Depending on which of these 2 circumstances predominates, both the nature of the problem (if any) and potential solutions would vary enormously.  Thus, from both clinical and policy perspectives, the critical question is not whether managed care and FFS lead to different practice patterns, but rather what implications any such differences have
Pathologic Differentiation and Prognosis of Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: David C. Utz
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The morphologic appearance of prostatic carcinoma has been well described<sup>8,53,54</sup>and is generally considered noncontroversial; however, the histologic criteria for classification of this cancer according to degree of malignancy are not well understood and certainly not generally accepted.<sup>55,56</sup>The fact that cellular and structural variations from the benign to the most anaplastic forms of malignancy may be seen in a single microscopic section of a prostatic specimen accounts in part for this disagreement. The pathologist must decide whether the most representative cellular pattern or the area of greatest cellular anaplasia should be taken as indicative of the growth potential of the tumor.<sup>57</sup> Since it is generally agreed that adenofibromatous hyperplasia is not neoplastic, almost all prostate tumors are malignant. In common usage, "prostatic carcinoma" is synonymous with "adenocarcinoma," since the latter accounts for about 97% of these tumors. The remaining tumors are the rare sarcomas and squamous
Abstract 2777: Suppression of multiple myeloma via non-canonical inhibition of NF-κB
Authors: Stacy Hovde, Theresa A. Lansdell, Lauren Azevedo, Jetze J. Tepe, Ronald W. Henry
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Multiple myeloma is a deadly disease for which treatment has significantly improved with the introduction of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. The mechanism of cell death invoked by proteasome inhibition is unknown, but likely involves multiple pathways, including downregulation of NF-κB activity, stabilization of pro-apoptotic factors, and induction of the unfolded protein response, which may be especially critical for apoptosis of B-cell tumors. However, most patients ultimately experience disease relapse, and novel treatments are clearly necessary. We have developed a novel class of proteasome inhibitors called trans-imidazolines that target the proteasome differently from bortezomib and exhibit substantial anti-inflammatory properties when tested in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of the current studies was to determine the efficacy of these small molecule anti-inflammatory agents for inhibition of multiple myeloma proliferation and survival. For these studies, trans-imidazoline efficacy was initially determined in vitro against a panel of multiple myeloma cell lines with effects on apoptotic induction determined by fluorescent activated cell sorting analysis. Subsequent studies were expanded to examine multiple myeloma tumor growth in mouse xenograft assays. Component levels of the NF-κB pathway were examined by Western blot analyses and immunofluorescent staining after challenge with exogenous cytokines. The biochemical mechanism of trans-imidazoline function was further explored in vitro using proteasome assays of fluorescently tagged peptide substrates. Our data indicates that trans-imidazolines impede IαBβ turnover in response to TNFα treatment and are consequently effective inhibitors of NF-κB activity for transcriptional activation. As NF-κB mediates key pro-survival roles in multiple myeloma, these compounds were found to induce apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells as rapidly as bortezomib, and demonstrated impressive inhibition of RPMI-8226 tumor growth in mice. Importantly, trans-imidazolines are equally effective inhibitors of bortezomib-resistant tumor cell proliferation. Consistent with these observations, we found that trans-imidazolines inhibit proteasome activity via a non-competitive mechanism that is distinct from the active site competitive inhibition mechanism displayed by bortezomib. As acquired resistance to bortezomib often occurs via increased expression of its proteasome target, trans-imidazolines thus offer an alternative treatment option for recurrent disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2777. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2777
Clinical value of second- and third-generation assays of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: K Kitahara, K Takagi, Y Kusunoki, S Nishio, T Nozaki, H Inomata, M Takei, S Sawada, S Kawai
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies are useful for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because of their higher specificity.1 First-generation anti-CCP (CCP1) ELISAs were based on synthetic peptides derived from human filaggrin.2 The second-generation anti-CCP (CCP2) test, which contains epitopes selected from libraries of citrullinated peptides, performs better than anti-CCP1.3 4 Recently, a third-generation anti-CCP (CCP3) test was introduced. We compare the performance of the anti-CCP3 test with that of two anti-CCP2 tests, and assess their value in diagnosing RA.

A total of 502 participants were studied: 227 patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology criteria for RA,5 173 patients with non-RA autoimmune diseases (details are indicated …
192 INHIBITORY CONTROL TEST DOES NOT IDENTIFY THE PATIENTS AT RISK OF DEVELOPING OVERT HE IN AN ITALIAN POPULATION OF CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: L. Ridola, C. Pasquale, I. Pentassuglio, S. Nardelli, M. Trezza, C. Marzano, M. Merli, O. Riggio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Risk Factors for Development of Retinopathy in Elderly Japanese Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Atsushi Araki, Hideki Ito, Akinori Hattori, Junichiro Inoue, Tadahiro Sato, Masataka Shiraki, Hajime Orimo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To define the risk factors for the development of diabetic retinopathy in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 110 diabetic outpatients &amp;gt; 60 yr of age who were free of diabetic retinopathy at the first visit and were followed for at least 5 yr to examine the relationships between the initial findings and the subsequent development of retinopathy. RESULTS A total of 49 of the subjects developed diabetic retinopathy during the follow-up period; of these, 4 patients progressed to preproliferative and 3 to proliferative retinopathy. Univariate analysis showed that the initial fasting plasma glucose levels, the HbA1 values, the 2-h postload plasma glucose levels, the estimated duration of diabetes, and the presence of persistent proteinuria were all associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. However, age at the initial examination, estimated age at diabetes onset, sex, body mass index, type of therapy, and hypertension had little impact on the development of retinopathy. Stepwise multiple Cox regression analysis revealed that the initial HbA1 or fasting plasma glucose, the diabetes duration, and the presence of persistent proteinuria are significant independent predictors for the development of retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Initial fasting plasma glucose, diabetes duration, and proteinuria are important risk factors for the development of retinopathy in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus.
Newly identified interfibrillar collagen crosslinking suppresses cell proliferation and remodelling
Authors: Benedetto Marelli, Damien Le Nihouannen, S. Adam Hacking, Simon Tran, Jingjing Li, Monzur Murshed, Charles J. Doillon, Chiara E. Ghezzi, Yu Ling Zhang, Showan N. Nazhat, Jake E. Barralet
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Major Trends in Psychosomatic Medicine
Authors: HOYLE LEIGH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Three developmental lines are identifiable in psychosomatic medicine: (1) psychodynamic investigations, (2) psychophysiologic and psychosocial research, and (3) consultation-liaison psychiatry. Although psychodynamic understanding of medical patients remains important, "psychogenesis" is no longer the principal concern of psychosomatic medicine, which has shifted emphasis to a holistic understanding that includes the biologic, psychologic, and social systems of medical and psychiatric patients. Recent investigations along the second line indicate that all medical and psychiatric illnesses can be regarded as "psychosomatic," in that comprehensive understanding and care cannot be achieved without considering the three interrelated systems. Consultation-liaison psychiatry is the practice of this holistic approach in the general hospital. The essential role of the consultation-liaison psychiatrist as a bridge between the biologic and behavioral disciplines may become a major part of the role of the general psychiatrist in the future.
Lactoferrin Deficiency Associated with Altered Granulocyte Function
Authors: Laurence A. Boxer, Thomas D. Coates, Richard A. Haak, J. Baruch Wolach, Sylvia Hoffstein, Robert L. Baehner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

EIGHT years ago Strauss et al. reported unique structural abnormalities in the granulocytes of a boy who had had recurrent bacterial infections since birth.1 The nuclei were bilobed, and in ultrastructural studies the specific-granule membranes appeared as elongated vesicular sacs. After ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus by the cells, impaired phagolysosome fusion was noted; this was accompanied by a mild impairment in bactericidal activities. Since the initial study the patient has continued to have recurrent deep-seated skin abscesses, which we have been able to ameliorate with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. We have extensively reevaluated this 25-year-old patient's granulocytes, studying their morphology, biophysical . . .
Website of the week: Handwashing
Authors: M. Muminovic
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Two, Four, Eight Little Germs. There are many more of these invisible inhabitants on our hands. Some will sail away with the next handwashing, some new ones will settle down afterwards. And so it continues. One of this week's papers suggests that handrubbing with an alcohol based solution is significantly more efficient in reducing hand contamination than handwashing with antiseptic soap (p 362). But what does the internet say about handwashing?

Infection Prevention Online Course at www.engenderhealth.org/ip/ has excellent sections on internationally accepted practices for infection prevention. A module at www.engenderhealth.org/ip/handwash provides an overview of handwashing and explains why good practices are an essential part of infection prevention. In only eight steps, this short but concise presentation summarises good handwashing behaviour. The site is available in English and Spanish and is easy to navigate. It includes useful information, a knowledge test, an overview of three kinds of handwashing used in the clinical setting, four case studies, and a recipe for making an alcohol handrub solution.

Another site with the goal of clean hands is Handwashing for Life (www.handwashingforlife.com). Its vision is to reduce the risks, pain, and suffering of food borne illness by providing self assessment tools, resources, and a learning centre. Henry the Hand (www.henrythehand.com), which is available in English, French, and Spanish, reminds the kids that Mom was right—wash your hands! Posters, comics, games, and other useful child friendly tools promote clean hands from an early age. There is even a link to the “Bad Bug Book” on the US Food and Drug Administration website, but this is obviously for adults (http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/∼mow/intro.html).

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has a guideline for handwashing and hospital environmental control at www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/guide/handwash.htm. The Clean Hands Campaign from the American Society for Microbiology (www.washup.org) is designed to remind Americans who have forgotten Mom's advice about washing hands. The American Society for Microbiology is also behind a site that provides tests and a few experiments for kids (www.microbe.org/washup/Wash_Up.asp).

Finally, the story about Little Germs is at www.purell.com/media/pdf/hhhk_germ.pdf. Unfortunately, it's not only children who need to listen.
Citizens' juries in health care
Authors: C. Colombo, R. Satolli, A. Liberati, P. Mosconi
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Moynihan raises a crucial question: how can we set up independent and broadly representative panels that can deliberate matters away from the long shadow of the drug industry?1 After years of promoting citizens’ and patients’ participation in healthcare decisions,2 we propose including citizens in deciding healthcare issues of …
Selective attenuation of endothelium-mediated vasodilation in atherosclerotic human coronary arteries.
Authors: U Förstermann, A Mügge, U Alheid, A Haverich, J C Frölich
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

This study was undertaken to determine whether atherosclerosis impairs relaxations mediated by endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in human coronary arteries. Epicardial coronary arteries were obtained from the hearts of cardiac transplantation patients with or without histologically documented coronary atherosclerosis (atherosclerotic arteries were from patients aged 42-55 years, nonatherosclerotic arteries were from patients aged 14-24 years). Transverse strip preparations were mounted in organ baths for isometric tension recording. Tension was induced with prostaglandins F2 alpha. Indomethacin (10(-5) M) was present to prevent possible interference from endogenously formed prostaglandins. The EDRF-mediated relaxations in response to substance P (10(-10) to 10(-8) M), bradykinin (10(-9) to 10(-7) M), and Ca2+-ionophore A23187 (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) were significantly attenuated in atherosclerotic arteries. In deendothelialized tissues these compounds had no effect. In contrast, endothelium-independent relaxations induced by isoprenaline (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) were not affected by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic arteries showed also normal relaxations with high concentrations of glyceryl trinitrate (10(-8) to 10(-7) M), but reduced relaxations with a lower concentration of the compound (10(-9) M). Acetylcholine (10(-7) to 10(-6) M) only produced endothelium-dependent relaxations in 8 of 60 arterial preparations (with or without atherosclerosis). In most of the arteries, it was a direct vasoconstrictor (which may have masked EDRF release in many cases). Omission of indomethacin from the bath solution increased the incidence of moderate acetylcholine-induced relaxations (9 of 16 preparations). It is concluded that atherosclerosis attenuates EDRF-mediated vasospasm and myocardial ischemia.