tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of prazosin treatment on the cardiac sarcolemmal ATPase in failing heart due to mitral insufficiency in dogs
Authors: K PRASAD, C L O'NEIL, B BHARADWAJ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Prazosin has been used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. It is, however, not known whether prazosin gives only haemodynamic benefit or if it also produces a decrease in the cardiac sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase which has been reported to be increased in the failing heart. The present investigation deals with the effect of 3 months of prazosin treatment in dogs with 3 months of induced mitral insufficiency (MI) on the sarcolemmal Na+-K*-ATPase activity. The dogs were divided into four groups each comprising of five dogs. A — normal; B — 3 months of MI; C — 6 months of MI; D — 3 months of prazosin treatment after 3 months of MI. Three months of MI produced a decrease in the dp/dt and an increase in the end-diastolic pressure of left ventricle but no change in the index of left ventricular contractility and cardiac index. Also there was no change in the sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase. There was a significant decrease in the index of left ventricular contractility and cardiac index and an increase in the LVEDP associated with a significant increase in the left ventricular sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase at 6 months of MI. Sarcolemmal Mg2+-ATPase of both ventricles increased after 6 months of MI the significance of which is not known as yet. There was no change in the sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase of the nonfailing right ventricle. Prazosin treatment prevented the deterioration of the left ventricular contractility and function and also prevented the increase in the sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase observed in failing heart. These results suggest that the depressed myocardial contractility in failing heart might be attributed to an increase in the sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase.
Institutional Review Boards and Protecting Human Research Participants
Authors: James Feldman
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PRODUCTION
Authors: Guy Sainte-Marie, Albert H. Coons
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Cells from lymph nodes of rabbits injected repeatedly with bovine serum albumin were transferred subcutaneously to previously irradiated rabbits, and the recipients were immediately injected with bovine serum albumin. A good antibody response resulted. In a series of such animals killed on successive days, skin samples at sites of cell deposition were removed and examined by immunofluorescence and by light microscopy. In these tissues abundant plasmocytes were found to have multiplied and differentiated in a regular progression from immature, to medium, to mature plasmocytes. During the 6 days of the experiment the small plasmocytes accumulated until they reached 85 per cent of the total plasmocytic population. The mitotic index of the large and medium plasmocytes averaged 11 per cent, implying a generation time of 6.3 hours on the basis of a 1 hour mitotic time. This rate of growth is sufficiently rapid to account for all the plasmocytes on the 6th day as deriving from less than 1 per cent of the population initially transferred. This rate and the orderly progression in the evolution of the plasmocytic population, make it highly improbable that plasmocytes arise from transformation of lymphocytes, but rather indicate that they spring from specific precursors already present among the transferred cells.
Extraction of circulating endogenous gastrin by the gastric fundus
Authors: J. C. W. Evans, D. D. Reeder, H. D. Becker, J. C. Thompson
Journal: Gut (1974)

The effect of circulatory transit of the gastric fundus on serum levels of endogenous gastrin measured directly by radioimmunoassay has been studied in 14 dogs. Gastrin was measured in samples obtained simultaneously from the arterial inflow and venous outflow of the gastric fundus. During basal conditions, transit of the gastric fundus resulted in no change in gastrin concentration. During periods of stimulated gastrin release from the antrum, nine of the 14 dogs demonstrated a significant gastric acid secretory response. In these dogs there was a significant arteriovenous difference (approximately 30%) in circulating gastrin values. In the remaining five dogs, which did not demonstrate a significant gastric acid secretory response, there was no arteriovenous difference in circulating gastrin values. It is concluded that the gastric fundus is an important site for the inactivation of stimulated levels of circulating gastrin.
772–6 Anglopeptin Loaded Stents Inhibit the Neointimal Reaction Induced by Polymer Coated Stents Implanted In Porcine Coronary Arteries
Authors: Ivan K. De Scheerder, Krysztof L. Wilczek, Joke Van Dorpe, Walter Desmet, Eric Verbeken, Seedabarum Cathapermal, Etienne Schacht, Jan H. Piessens, Marie Foegh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
386. Large Scale Analysis of Foamy Virus Vector Integration Sites in Human CD34+ Cells
Authors: Grant Trobridge, Daniel G. Miller, Michael A. Jacobs, James M. Allen, Erik Olson, Hans-Peter Kiem, Rajinder Kaul, David W. Russell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The ability of retroviruses to efficiently integrate into the host cell's genome has led to their use as gene delivery vehicles for gene therapy. However, integration in the genome can have adverse effects as observed in a gene therapy trial for X-linked SCID using an oncoretroviral vector. Recent studies have shown that an oncoretroviral vector integrated preferentially near transcription start sites and that a lentiviral vector integrated preferentially within genes. Foamy viruses are integrating retroviruses with many properties that distinguish them from onco-or lentiviruses, perhaps the most important characteristic for gene therapy being that they are non-pathogenic. We previously showed that foamy vectors efficiently transduce CD34+ SCID mouse-repopulating cells (SRCs) from human mobilized peripheral blood, demonstrating their potential for hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy. We present here the first large-scale analysis of foamy vector integration sites. Integration sites were determined by infecting human CD34+ cells or normal fibroblasts with a foamy vector carrying a bacterial origin of replication, then rescuing plasmids containing vector provirus-genomic junction sites in bacteria, and sequencing the foamy vector LTR-human genome junctions. 1828 unique integration sites in human CD34+ cells and 1008 unique sites in normal human fibroblasts were mapped using version 35 of the human genome database. The foamy vector did not integrate preferentially into genes. The percentage of integration sites within Refseq genes in human CD34+ cells, human fibroblasts and randomly generated sites was 31, 24, and 34% respectively. Foamy vectors showed a slight preference for integration within 1 kb 5|[prime]| or 3|[prime]| of Refseq transcription start sites. In summary, our data show that foamy vectors have a distinct integration site profile relative to oncoretroviral and lentiviral vectors. Future studies will be required to determine if the unique integration site preference of foamy vectors translates into a reduced risk for oncogenesis in gene therapy applications.
Adenoviral Gene Transfer of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in the Lung Induces Transient Fibrosis
Authors: Philippe Bonniaud, Peter J. Margetts, Martin Kolb, Thomas Haberberger, Margaret Kelly, Jennifer Robertson, Jack Gauldie
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is felt to be one of the key profibrotic factors and is a downstream effector molecule mediating the action of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, a cytokine known to induce severe and progressive fibrosis. However, the in vivo fibrogenic effect of isolated CTGF expression is not well described. We used adenoviral gene transfer to transiently overexpress CTGF in rat lungs after intratracheal administration and compared it with transient overexpression of active TGF-beta1 delivered by a similar adenovirus vector. This high expression of CTGF over 6-10 days induced a moderate but reversible fibrosis. We observed an increase of fibronectin, procollagen 1a2, and endogenous CTGF gene expression at 14 days, which suggested an indirect activation by CTGF. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was weakly and transiently upregulated after CTGF exposure. These same genes were robustly and persistently stimulated by TGF-beta1 from Day 3 to Day 21. This data suggested that CTGF may act as a TGF-beta1 cofactor rather than a direct fibrogenic factor. We demonstrate that CTGF overexpression can initiate fibrogenic activity but likely requires the presence of additional factors, such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, to maintain a nonfibrolytic environment and to cause progression of fibrosis.
CT, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and SPECT lodine-123 lodoamphetamine Imaging of a Patient with Progressive Cognitive Deterioration
Authors: RONALD S. TIKOFSKY, HAROLD H. HARSCH, MICHAEL D. GOLDSTEIN, B DAVID COLLIER, ROBERT S. HELLMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A case of progressive cognitive deterioration is presented in which l-123 iodoamphetamine SPECT brain imaging was of value in confirming the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Safety and Feasibility of Using the Second-Generation Pillcam Colon Capsule to Assess Active Colonic Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Geert D'Haens, Mark Löwenberg, Mark A Samaan, Denis Franchimont, Cyriel Ponsioen, Gijs R van den Brink, Paul Fockens, Peter Bossuyt, Leila Amininejad, Gopalan Rajamannar, Elsemieke M Lensink, Andre M Van Gossum
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE LUNGS: RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
Authors: P. Kerley
Journal: BMJ (1932)

<h3>Abstract</h3> This paper develops a mathematical theory for holobiont evolution that parallels the population-genetic theory of classical evolutionary biology. It presents theory for hologenomes having two haploid microbial strains and two diploid host alleles. The theory shows how selection on holobionts causes the joint evolution of microbial and host components of the hologenome. The theory also reveals the distribution of microbiome configurations across hosts as well as stable strategies for microbiome-host coadaptation.
Fc gamma R-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in leukocytes: a common signal transduction event necessary for expression of TNF-alpha and early activation genes.
Authors: R Trotta, P Kanakaraj, B Perussia
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Cross-linking the receptors for the Fc domain of IgG (Fc gamma R) on leukocytes induces activation of protein tyrosine kinases. The intermediary molecules that transduce to the nucleus the signals leading to induction of the diverse biological responses mediated by these receptors are not clearly identified. We have investigated whether mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are involved in transmembrane signaling via the three Fc gamma R present on monocytic, polymorphonuclear, and natural killer (NK) cells. Our results indicate that occupancy of Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RII on the monocytic cell line THP-I and on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) induces, transiently and with fast kinetics, MAPK phosphorylation, as indicated by decreased electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and increased amounts of the proteins in antiphosphotyrosine antibody immunoprecipitates. This, associated with increased enzymatic activity, also occurs upon stimulation of the transmembrane isoform of CD16 (Fc gamma RIIIA) in NK cells and in a T cell line expressing transfected Fc gamma RIIIA alpha ligand-binding chain in association with zeta, but not upon stimulation of the glycosil-phosphatidylinositol-anchored Fc gamma RIIIB on PMN. Using the specific MAP kinase kinase inhibitor-PD 098059, we show that activation of MAPK is necessary for the Fc gamma R-dependent induction of c-fos and tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA expression in monocytes and NK cells. These results underscore the role of MAPK as signal-transducing molecules controlling the expression of different genes relevant to leukocyte biology upon Fc gamma R stimulation.
Rising Tide of Cardiovascular Disease in American Indians
Authors: Barbara V. Howard, Elisa T. Lee, Linda D. Cowan, Richard B. Devereux, James M. Galloway, Oscar T. Go, William James Howard, Everett R. Rhoades, David C. Robbins, Maurice L. Sievers, Thomas K. Welty
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) used to be rare among American Indians, Indian Health Service data suggest that CVD mortality rates vary greatly among American Indian communities and appear to be increasing. The Strong Heart Study was initiated to investigate CVD and its risk factors in American Indians in 13 communities in Arizona, Oklahoma, and South/North Dakota. Methods and Results —A total of 4549 participants (1846 men and 2703 women 45 to 74 years old) who were seen at the baseline (1989 to 1991) examination were subjected to surveillance (average 4.2 years, 1991 to 1995), and 88% of those remaining alive underwent a second examination (1993 to 1995). The medical records of all participants were exhaustively reviewed to ascertain nonfatal cardiovascular events that occurred since the baseline examination or to definitively determine cause of death. CVD morbidity and mortality rates were higher in men than in women and were similar in the 3 geographic areas. Coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence rates among American Indian men and women were almost 2-fold higher than those in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Significant independent predictors of CVD in women were diabetes, age, obesity (inverse), LDL cholesterol, albuminuria, triglycerides, and hypertension. In men, diabetes, age, LDL cholesterol, albuminuria, and hypertension were independent predictors of CVD. Conclusions —At present, CHD rates in American Indians exceed rates in other US populations and may more often be fatal. Unlike other ethnic groups, American Indians appear to have an increasing incidence of CHD, possibly related to the high prevalence of diabetes. In the general US population, the rising prevalence of obesity and diabetes may reverse the decline in CVD death rates. Therefore, aggressive programs to control diabetes and its risk factors are needed.
Four Generations of Arteriohepatic Dysplasia
Authors: Douglas R. Labrecque, Frank A. Mitros, Radha J. Nathan, Ken G. Romanchuk, George F. Judisch, George H. El-Khoury
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

Arteriohepatic dysplasia (AHD) is a multisystem disorder which is characterized by liver, heart, eye, and bony abnormalities. A characteristic facies is also present. The etiology is not clear, and some authors have favored an in utero toxin or infection as the cause. Other reports have shown parent–to–child transmission suggesting an autosomal dominant form of inheritance. This study documents the presence of AHD characteristics in four successive generations of a single kindred. Overall, 15 of 24 members had at least some characteristics of AHD. In addition to the usual findings, renal disease, a small flat face on lateral X–ray, and mild conductive hearing loss were frequently noted in this kindred. Physiological studies on one member revealed a normal bromo–sulfophthalein Tm and S but a late rise in plasma bromosulfophthalein and indocyanine green. This study strongly supports an autosomal dominant form of transmission for the AHD syndrome. The ease of determining the eye, bone, and heart abnormalities should simplify genetic studies of other patients' families. In addition, because these characteristics are recognizable at birth, documenting their presence in a jaundiced neonate should spare the infant unnecessary and potentially dangerous surgery to rule out extrahepatic obstruction, especially if one or more family members demonstrate the same abnormalities.
Letter: Tennis toe
Authors: K. P. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Richard C. Gibbs' "Tennis Toe" may be caused by conditions and activities other than descent of mountains and tennis (228:24, 1974). I refer particularly to subungual hemorrhages seen in edema of the feet in hot weather. A seated victim of air-conditioning failure in a Pullman car during severe heat had hemorrhages beneath the nails bilaterally. In another, hemorrhage occurred beneath the second nail of his accelerator-pedal foot following a long day of driving under similar circumstances. In this case, the nail was replaced in a year's time by a new nail. In both instances, dependency of the feet, hot weather, and edema were causative factors.
Therapeutic Regimens in Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Ezra M. Greenspan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article (231:1357, 1975) by Hoge and associates, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, is a classic example of the confusion perpetuated by retrospective studies that are derived from heterogeneous cases of unspecified selected patients with advanced breast cancer and that lack clinically relevant stratification according to predominant metastatic site when the patients first appear for treatment. The authors suggest that the "obvious weakness" in their own paper could be due to retrospectivity, but this observation fails to hit the mark. Not only were the patients not randomized but they were<i>actively</i>selected for various forms of therapy, without indicating the extent of disease, age, recurrence-free interval, rapidity of dissemination, and presence or absence of acute and subacute life-threatening metastatic involvement, in contrast to those with indolent breast cancer. The usual three-part classification of breast cancer according to location, ie, soft tissue, osseous, and visceral, has been
Stress Fracture of the Calcaneus—Still an Enigma in the Israeli Army
Authors: Michael Giladi
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  In 1967, Darby 1 reviewed inThe Journal300 cases of stress fractures in which the most frequent fracture (43%) was in the calcaneus. Since the report of Darby, the Center for Stress Fractures in the Israel Defense Force (IDF) has collected reports of hundreds of stress fractures among soldiers; surprisingly, none of the fractures were in the calcaneus. After years of follow-up, it is obvious that the distribution of the stress fractures in the IDF is different from that reported in the US Army and in other countries. Eighty percent to 97% of the stress fractures in the IDF are in the tibia and femur. 2,3 Recently, the first case of stress fracture of the calcaneus with x-ray and bone scan characteristics has been diagnosed. The only possible explanation for the rarity of this fracture in the IDF is a different training program. Gilbert and Johnson 4
A tale of seven surgeons
Authors: P. Prior
Journal: BMJ (2001)

This is a tale of seven surgeons, all of whom were pleasant and one of whom performed successful surgery on me—the removal of a salivary gland. All of them, however, failed to communicate effectively with me as the patient, and this led to false expectations and unnecessary fears in relation to my recovery.

The first surgeon diagnosed stones in the salivary gland, ordered an x ray examination, and suggested surgery. The second was the consultant surgeon, who reassured me that this was a simple procedure and that the worst that could happen would be damage to a specific nerve that would result in a lopsided grin—“a very unlikely event,” he said. He did not ask what I did, but I told him that I lectured on health policy. This drew a smile.

> The recovery period was full of unnecessary worry 

So far my impression was that the surgery would be no more traumatic than having a tooth out. But the consultant's secretary told me that I should not fly for …
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia — No Simple Solution
Authors: Richard J. Martin, Michele C. Walsh-Sukys
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Progress in the treatment of neonates with the respiratory distress syndrome has been one of the medical success stories of the past 15 years. During this time, the widespread use of glucocorticoids to accelerate lung maturation, surfactant therapy, and improved methods of ventilation have drastically improved the outlook for these infants, so that preterm infants with birth weights between 500 and 750 g now have at least a 50 percent chance of survival.1 Unfortunately, a chronic neonatal lung disease called bronchopulmonary dysplasia develops in half the infants who survive, posing a challenge for clinicians and researchers alike.When first described . . .
THE USE OF SEPARATION AS A DIAGNOSTIC MEASURE IN THE PARENT-CHILD EMOTIONAL CRISIS
Authors: JOHN A. ROSE, MEYER SONIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

As a result of these experiences, we are convinced that a valuable diagnostic tool has been overlooked in child psychiatry. We decided to set up an acute inpatient service for pre-adolescent, emotionally disturbed children, based on the notion that a short period of carefully structured separation at the time of a crisis may be a valuable diagnostic tool in permitting a more intensive and extensive evaluation of intrinsic problems in child and family. It should be emphasized that this notion does not negate the general principles of support for children to live in warm family relationships rather than apart from them. However, this notion does allow for exceptions to the rule; all children are not best off in their own families; structured and realistic separations are not inevitably traumatic and the door is open to the temporary separation of children with hospital placement as a relieving and elective diagnostic tool rather than inevitably as a last resort.
Use of bombs in populated areas is having a devastating effect on civilians, say reports
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Thousands of civilians were reported killed or injured by the use of explosive weapons in populated areas over the past six months, say campaigners trying to limit the possibility of such attacks worldwide.

“Our ongoing monitoring of bombings of populated areas paints a grim picture: around 10 000 direct civilian deaths and injuries in 63 countries in the past six months,” said Katherine Harrison, co-author of the report, 100 Incidents of Humanitarian Harm , by the group Action on Armed Violence.

The analysis has shown that such weapons are causing “greater devastation than previously thought,” on people’s health, homes, jobs, security, and massive problems for survivors, Esther Cann, the group’s research coordinator, told reporters.

The report documents …