tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sleep quality in prolonged mechanical ventilation patients
Authors: Dimitra Siopi, Efi Galiatsou, Evangelia Nena, Maria Antoniadou, Evangelia Serasli, Vasilis Michailidis, Dimitris Matamis, Venetia Tsara
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients recovering from critical illness often present persistent respiratory failure and require prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). The aim of this study was to assess sleep quality in PMV patients, during hospitalization in ICU and in a Respiratory Intermediate Unit (RIU).   Patients and methods:  A total of 39 PMV patients (13 in ICU and 26 in RIU) were included in the study. All patients were in stable condition, without need for sedation, with GCS >10. All patients were tracheostomized under mechanical ventilation support at least during the night. A full PSG was performed in all patients during night sleep under PS ventilation.   Results:  Sleep efficiency was higher in ICU (82,7±18,3%, RIU 68,4±21,8%, p=0,02) with longer sleep time (SPT ICU 448±52 min, RIU 346±56 min, p   Conclusions:  Sleep quality was impaired in PMV patients during hospitalization either in ICU or in RIU, but sleep structure approached normal architecture in RIU. REM sleep breathing abnormalities in RIU patients may require further clinical evaluation in terms of the efficacy of mechanical ventilation mode.
Treatment of notalgia paraesthetica with an 8% capsaicin patch
Authors: M. Metz, K. Krause, M. Maurer, M. Magerl
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, Two patients with severe pruritus on the upper back were referred to our outpatient pruritus clinic. The first patient, a 73‐year‐old woman, was diagnosed with an atypical form of notalgia paraesthetica (NP) presenting with prurigo nodularis‐like skin lesions in two symmetrical paravertebral hyperpigmented maculae with intense itching (Fig. 1a). An X‐ray revealed a herniated vertebral disc in the cervical spine, matching the affected dermatomes. The second patient was a 61‐year‐old woman with NP complaining of intense itch located in the right mid‐scapular region. She presented with a hyperpigmented, mildly erythematous macula in the area of the pruritus. Radiological examination revealed kyphosis and spondylitis of the thoracic spine. Both patients had multiple previous topical and systemic treatments. We decided to treat both patients for 60 min with Qutenza® (NeurogesX, Inc., San Mateo, CA, U.S.A.), an 8% capsaicin patch. The first patient tolerated the patch for only 20 min because it became too painful. The second patient tolerated the patch well, with a mild to moderate burning sensation throughout the application time and for a further 30 min. Capsaicin treatment is known to lead to stinging and burning, therefore the area of contact with the 8% capsaicin patch has to be pretreated with EMLA® (AstraZeneca, London, U.K.). The most likely reason for the painful sensation in the first patient is that there were some erosive lesions in the pruritic areas. Although we anticipated that this could be a limiting factor (and informed the patient accordingly), the patient was willing to proceed.
Circulatory Assistance With a Permanent Implantable IABP: Initial Human Experience
Authors: Valluvan Jeevanandam, David Jayakar, Allen S. Anderson, Suzanne Martin, William Piccione, A.L. Heroux, J. Wynne, Larry W. Stephenson, Jack Hsu, Paul S. Freed, Adrian Kantrowitz
Journal: Circulation (2002)

The Kantrowitz CardioVAD (KCV) is an electrically powered, pneumatically driven circulatory assist device which provides diastolic augmentation and systolic unloading to the failing heart. It consists of a 60cc-pumping chamber, a percutaneous access device (PAD), and an external controller. The pumping chamber, is surgically implanted in the descending thoracic aorta with the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass. Its physiologic function is analogous to that of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP).Between 1997 and 2000, 5 men (age 59 to 73) with end-stage cardiomyopathy refractory to maximal drug treatment and with documented hemodynamic improvement on an IABP were enrolled in a feasibility study.Mean bypass time was 157 minute (range 120 to 196 minute); mean cross-clamp time was 101 minute (range 69 to 144). Patient 1 died intra-operatively. Compared with preoperative values, at 1 month, cardiac index increased (1.7 to 2.6 L/min/m(2)) and there were significant decreases in creatinine (2.6 to 1.5 mg/dL), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) (32 to 14 mm Hg), and right atrial pressure (RA) (19 to 9 mm Hg). NYHA class improved (IV to II). The mean increase in cardiac index with the KCV OFF to ON was 0.53 L/min/m(2) (36%). Two patients were discharged home. The device was used intermittently without thromboembolic complications. The only device related complications were attributed to PAD design and have been corrected. CONCLUSION Our initial human trial demonstrates successful implantation of the KCV in end-stage patients, the ability of the device to be used intermittently without anticoagulation, and documents hemodynamic and functional improvement in the status of these patients.
Endocrine Factors and the Growth and Spread of 816 Melanoma2
Authors: J. W. Proctor, B. G. Auclair, L. Stokowski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

B16 melanomas grew more slowly in female than in male syngeneic C57BL/6J mice. After oophorectomy, the growth rate was similar to that in normal and castrated male mice and was not altered in pregnant mice. The growth in vitro was similar in the presence of serum from normal and castrated male and female mice.
Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Fracture Across the Life Span: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using The Health Improvement Network (THIN)
Authors: David R. Weber, Kevin Haynes, Mary B. Leonard, Steven M. Willi, Michelle R. Denburg
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine if type 1 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of fracture across the life span. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This population-based cohort study used data from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) in the U.K. (data from 1994 to 2012), in which 30,394 participants aged 0–89 years with type 1 diabetes were compared with 303,872 randomly selected age-, sex-, and practice-matched participants without diabetes. Cox regression analysis was used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) for incident fracture in participants with type 1 diabetes. RESULTS A total of 334,266 participants, median age 34 years, were monitored for 1.9 million person-years. HR were lowest in males and females age &amp;lt;20 years, with HR 1.14 (95% CI 1.01–1.29) and 1.35 (95% CI 1.12–1.63), respectively. Risk was highest in men 60–69 years (HR 2.18 [95% CI 1.79–2.65]), and in women 40–49 years (HR 2.03 [95% CI 1.73–2.39]). Lower extremity fractures comprised a higher proportion of incident fractures in participants with versus those without type 1 diabetes (31.1% vs. 25.1% in males, 39.3% vs. 32% in females; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Secondary analyses for incident hip fractures identified the highest HR of 5.64 (95% CI 3.55–8.97) in men 60–69 years and the highest HR of 5.63 (95% CI 2.25–14.11) in women 30–39 years. CONCLUSIONS Type 1 diabetes was associated with increased risk of incident fracture that began in childhood and extended across the life span. Participants with type 1 diabetes sustained a disproportionately greater number of lower extremity fractures. These findings have important public health implications, given the increasing prevalence of type 1 diabetes and the morbidity and mortality associated with hip fractures.
Effect of Colchicine and Bacterial Products on Transplantable and Spontaneous Tumors in Mice
Authors: H. B. Andervont
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1940)

Journal Article Effect of Colchicine and Bacterial Products on Transplantable and Spontaneous Tumors in Mice Get access H. B. Andervont H. B. Andervont senior biologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 1, Issue 3, December 1940, Pages 361–366, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/1.3.361 Published: 01 December 1940
Suppression of Tumor Growth at the Site of Infection With Living Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
Authors: Berton Zbar, Irwin D. Bernstein, Herbert J. Rapp
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The effect of infection with living Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) on tumor growth was evaluated. Complete tumor inhibition was observed when infection with living BCG occurred at the site of tumor inoculation. This inhibition of tumor growth was not attributable to a direct cytotoxic effect of living BCG on tumor cells. Inhibition of tumor growth was mediated by the host during a delayed hypersensitivity-type immunologic response to the infecting organisms. Animals that rejected tumor cells at the site of an infection with BCG showed suppressed tumor growth and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to a subsequent challenge of tumor cells. The minimum number of living BCG capable of eliciting a host response that would completely kill tumor cells was 6 × 106 organisms in immunized and 6 × 105 organisms in unimmunized animals. Optimal suppression of tumor required living BCG, close contact between tumor and BCG, and a cell-mediated immune response by the host.
Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer at Different Ages&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Carlo La Vecchia, Silvia Franceschi, Adriano Decarli, Giuseppe Gallus, Gianni Tognoni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The importance of the major risk factors for endometrial cancer in women of different ages was evaluated with the use of data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Milan, Italy, on 283 women with endometrial cancer and 566 age-matched controls. Current weight was related strongly to the risk of endometrial cancer both in younger (premenopausal) and in older women (with risk estimates for the heaviest categories of 20.3 and 7.7, respectively), thus confirming that obesity is the major cause of endometrial cancer in Northern Italy. Endometrial cancer risk appeared to be approximately proportional to the second power of body mass index. Early menarche and nulliparity were associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer in premenopausal women, the point estimate for nulliparity rising to 35.1 (with lower confidence limit of 10.2) after adjustment for marital status. However, no association with these factors was evident in postmenopausal women. Combination oral contraceptives were used by 2 cases and 19 controls only [relative risk (RR) = 0.2, with 95% confidence interval = 0.1-0.8]. The use of noncontraceptive estrogens was associated with an elevated risk, which was greater in perimenopausal women (RR = 5.1 for greater than 2 yr of use), and decreased progressively with increasing time after menopause. Late menopause was also related to endometrial cancer. However, the risk estimates for late menopause apparently were more elevated in older women (greater than or equal to 65 yr) than in perimenopausal women. Most of the risk factors identified (excluding late menopause) apparently act on one of the later stages of the process of carcinogenesis, because the excess risk drops after cessation of exposure.
Innovative dry powder inhaler (DPI) shows improved cost-effectiveness compared with current DPIs for asthma therapy in UK primary care
Authors: Vicky Thomas, Annie Burden, Julie von Ziegenweidt, Shuna Gould, Catherine Hutton, David Price
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background and aims: Dry powder inhalers (DPI) when used to deliver inhaled steroids have been associated with improved outcomes. We aimed to study the cost-effectiveness of budesonide EH (Easyhaler®) compared with other DPIs.  Methods: Retrospective study using UK Clinical Practice and Optimum Patient Care Research Databases. Patients 6-80 yrs, changing from any other budesonide DPI to EH with ≥2 asthma prescriptions in outcome and baseline year and a diagnostic asthma code, were matched 1:1 (n=2453:2453) on baseline demographic and disease characteristics to patients continuing on previous DPI.  Outcomes: Severe exacerbations (ATS/ERS defined), risk-domain asthma control (no severe exacerbations, lower respiratory infection + antibiotics, or out-patient attendance) over the outcome year. Differences in respiratory-related healthcare costs and proportions achieving asthma control were modeled using generalized linear models.  Results: EH is at least as effective as DPI in achieving asthma control (adjusted odds ratio [95%CI] 1.09 [0.90–1.33] DPI = 1.00) and control of exacerbation rates (adjusted rate ratio [95% CI] 0.93 [0.74-1.18]). From 1000 bootstrapped samples, there was 75% probability EH was dominant (less costly, more effective) compared with other DPIs.  Conclusions: Results indicate that EH is a cost-effective alternative to other DPIs in patients changing inhaler device.
Balanced Translocations Disrupting SMARCB1 Are Hallmark Recurrent Genetic Alterations in Renal Medullary Carcinomas
Authors: Julien Calderaro, Julien Masliah-Planchon, Wilfrid Richer, Laetitia Maillot, Pascale Maille, Ludovic Mansuy, Claire Bastien, Alexandre de la Taille, Hélène Boussion, Cécile Charpy, Anne Jourdain, Claire Bléchet, Gaelle Pierron, David Gentien, Laurence Choudat, Christophe Tournigand, Olivier Delattre, Yves Allory, Franck Bourdeaut
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Management of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a UK district general hospital (DGH)
Authors: Usman Maqsood, Nawaid Ahmad
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background   Although there are published BTS guidelines [Thorax 2009;64(Suppl III)] for the management of CAP; its practice across UK hospitals is variable and at times lacking; in achieving satisfactory outcomes.   Objectives   To audit the management of patients admitted with CAP in a UK DGH.   Method   A retrospective audit was undertaken between the periods covering 01/10/2010-31/08/2011. We included all patients admitted through the emergency or community referral system with a radiological diagnosis of pneumonia. We excluded patients who were immunocomprised or under 16 years of age.   Results   A total of 56 patients (59% female; n=33) were included. CURB-65 score was documented in 20% (n=11). With regards to anti-microbial treatment, 12.7% (n=7) patients were given B-lactam alone, 76.3% (n=42) were given B-lactam + Macrolide, 10.9% (n=6) were given Levofloxacin and one patient each received either Metronidazole or gentamycin. Time between diagnosis and first dose of antibiotic was greater than 4 hours in 57.3% (n=32) patients. 27% (n=15) patients received antibiotics against the published local guidelines (local guidelines followed BTS guidelines).  Total length of stay varied from 0-101 days with a median of 7.5 days. There were 6 deaths within 30 days of discharge, of which 2 died on admission.   Conclusions   Despite guidelines, there was poor documentation and recognition of the severity of CAP. There was deviation from recommended prescribing, hence risking emergence of resistant strains. Many patients received antibiotics beyond the recommended time window. Therefore, hospitals need to make sure that guidelines are being followed, in order to achieve further reduction in morbidity and mortality.
Sex-Specific Mortality Risk by QRS Morphology and Duration in Patients Receiving CRT
Authors: Robbert Zusterzeel, Jeptha P Curtis, Daniel A Caños, William E Sanders, Kimberly A Selzman, Ileana L Piña, Erica S Spatz, Haikun Bao, Angelo Ponirakis, Paul D Varosy, Frederick A Masoudi, David G Strauss
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Prevention by Splenectomy of Thymus Weight Depletion in the Presence of Progressively Growing Tumor in Rats: Brief Communication 2
Authors: John D. Meyer, John A. Meyer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Groups of inbred rats were inoculated with the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. The weights of their spleens and thymuses were determined on days 16 and 23 after the tumor inoculation. Spleen weights increased progressively as the tumors grew (P less than 0.001 on day 16 as compared to controls, much less on day 23). Thymus weights decreased at the same intervals (P less than 0.05 on day 16 as compared to controls; P less than 0.001 on day 23). In other groups of inbred rats, splenectomy was performed 5 days prior to tumor inoculation. If splenectomized animals were not inoculated with tumor, thymus weight did not change. Previously splenectomized, tumor-bearing animals also showed no decrease in thymus weight on day 16 or 23. Thymus weight remained greater in splenectomized, tumor-bearing animals than in intact, tumor-bearing animals on day 16 (P less than 0.05) and on day 23 (P less than 0.001). Microscopic examination of thymuses on day 23 revealed some depletion of cortical lymphocytes in splenectomized, tumor-bearing animals and profound depletion of these lymphocytes in intact, tumor-bearing animals. Tumor weights and measurements did not differ between splenectomized, tumor-bearing and intact, tumor-bearing animals. Equal rates of tumor growth provided for a roughly equal tumor burden at termination of the experiment.
Phosphorylation of the nuclear receptor corepressor 1 by protein kinase B switches its corepressor targets in the liver in mice
Authors: Young Suk Jo, Dongryeol Ryu, Adriano Maida, Xu Wang, Ronald M. Evans, Kristina Schoonjans, Johan Auwerx
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) is a transcriptional coregulator that has wide‐ranging effects on gene expression patterns. In the liver, NCoR1 represses lipid synthesis in the fasting state, whereas it inhibits activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) upon feeding, thereby blunting ketogenesis. Here, we show that insulin by activation of protein kinase B induces phosphorylation of NCoR1 on serine 1460, which selectively favors its interaction with PPARα and estrogen‐related receptor alpha (ERRα) over liver X receptor alpha (LXRα). Phosphorylation of NCoR1 on S1460 selectively derepresses LXRα target genes, resulting in increased lipogenesis, whereas, at the same time, it inhibits PPARα and ERRα targets, thereby attenuating oxidative metabolism in the liver. Phosphorylation‐gated differential recruitment of NCoR1 to different nuclear receptors explains the apparent paradox that liver‐specific deletion of NCoR1 concurrently induces both lipogenesis and oxidative metabolism owing to a global derepression of LXRα, PPARα, and ERRα activity. Conclusion: Phosphorylation‐mediated recruitment switch of NCoR1 between nuclear receptor subsets provides a mechanism by which corepressors can selectively modulate liver energy metabolism during the fasting‐feeding transition. (H epatology 2015;62:1606–1618)
Prostatic Hyperplasia and Neoplasia in Female &lt;italic&gt;Praomys (Mastomys) Natalensis&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: James M. Holland
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

All female Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis possess a well-developed prostate gland which responds readily to androgens and spontaneously develops glandular hyperplasia and neoplasia. Female Mastomys were observed while receiving testosterone, prolactin, stilbestrol, or no treatment. Complete necropsies were performed on 43 animals. In all 18 receiving testosterone, marked prostatic size increase and hyperplasia were observed. Ovine prolactin alone or administered with testosterone showed no effect on prostatic growth in 5 others. Stilbestrol treatment was associated with cystic changes of the prostate in 2 of 4 animals necropsied. In the 16 control animals, proliferative changes of the prostate were found increasingly with age. They also had many tumors of other organs. Two female Mastomys showed histologic changes of intra-acinar adenocarcinoma, associated with ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and mammary gland hyperplasia or carcinoma. Although none of the androgen-treated female Mastomys developed prostatic neoplasms, the abundant proliferation observed suggests opportunity for further study.
All-trans retinoic acid for the treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group [see comments]
Authors: A Kanamaru, Y Takemoto, M Tanimoto, H Murakami, N Asou, T Kobayashi, K Kuriyama, E Ohmoto, H Sakamaki, K Tsubaki
Journal: Blood (1995)
Secondary organizing pneumonia (BOOP)-associated with granulomatosis with polyangiitis [Wegener granulomatosis (WG)]: A clinicoradiological study of 19 cases
Authors: Fatma Sema Oymak, Suleyman Balkanli, Oktay Oymak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The histopathological features of WG include necrotizing granulomatous vascular inflammation, but BOOP like variant has also been reported. We have recently observed a substantial number of patients with BOOP -associated with WG.This study was undertaken to elucidate the clinical, and radiological features of this form of WG. Clinical information, chest radiographic findings, and follow-up data on the patients with WG were obtained from hospital records. Patients in a university hospital with WG were selected according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria.The 19 patients ranged in age 27 from to 72 years (mean: 46 years) and included 6 men (31%) and 13 women (69%). Cough, fever, hemoptysis, and dyspnea were the most common complaints. The WG was limited form to the lung and upper airways in 14 patients (73%). Renal involvement was present in five patients (27%). The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)test was performed in all patients, the result was negative in 14 patients (73%). Chest tomography showed multiple nodules in 15 cases (%78) , 5 (27%) of which were associated with cavitation. Two patients (15%) had alveolar hemorrhage . When confronted by multiple nodules with /or without cavitation together with clinical signs of inflammation, the clinician must also consider the possibility of immunological disorders, such as WG, where BOOP is a rather common feature associated with vasculitis. A careful examination for extrapulmonary signs of vasculitis, and the presence of ANCA is, therefore, necessary in such cases.
Genome-Wide Association Study (Gwas) Identifies Candidate Neurotoxicity Markers in Platinum-Taxane Treated Ovarian Cancer Patients in Icon7
Authors: O. Espin-Garcia, G. Liu, K. Owzar, D. Kroetz, S. Marsh, T. Perrin, C. Adusei, L. Farrelly, A. Embleton, A.M. Swart, M.K. Parmar, R. Kaplan, M. Kubo, M.J. Ratain, K. Matsuda, A.M. Oza, W. Xu, H. Mackay
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)