tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase III study of paclitaxel (Pac) versus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) for the treatment of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS): An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and AIDS Malignancy Consortium
Authors: J. H. Von Roenn, S. Lee, M. Cianfrocca, A. Tulpule, D. Scadden, D. Aboulafia, J. Sparano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

20503 Background: PLD (doxorubicin HCL liposome injection, Doxil®, Tibotec Therapeutics, Raritan, NJ) and paclitaxel (Taxol®, Bristol Myers, Inc, New York, NY) are active in the treatment of HIV-associated KS; however, optimal therapy is undefined. Methods: A randomized phase III, multicenter trial was initiated to compare the efficacy of Pac (100 mg/m2) every 2 weeks to PLD (20 mg/m2) every 3 weeks for chemotherapy-naïve AIDS-related KS. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity; concurrent antiretrovirals were permitted. 216 pts were required to detect at least a 3-month improvement in median progression free survival (PFS) for Pac compared with PLD (80% power, 2-sided alpha 0.05). Response was assessed using KS response and clinical benefit criteria, and global assessment of quality of life (QOL) using the Functional Assessment of Health Index (FAHI; version 3) plus 3 supplemental questions concerning pain, swelling, and satisfaction with physical appearance (measured at baseline and during/after treatment). Results: The trial was terminated early due to poor accrual; 46 pts were randomized to PLD, 43 to Pac. 11 pts were ineligible, 4 never started therapy and 6 lacked disease assessment or progression data, resulting in 68 pts for the efficacy analysis (34 in each arm) and 82 in the toxicity analysis. After a median follow-up of 35.8 months (mo.), there was no significant difference in PFS, response rate, or overall survival. Due to early termination, the study was not adequately powered to detect the hypothesized difference in PFS. There was no significant difference in QOL between the two arms. Grade 3–4 toxicity was comparable, including grade 4 neutropenia (34% vs. 27%) and infection (13% vs. 11%). Conclusions: Paclitaxel and PLD have comparable efficacy and toxicity in patients with HIV-associated KS. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Vasomotor symptoms, BMI, and adherence to tamoxifen in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (P-1).
Authors: Farzana L Walcott, Stephanie R. Land, Joseph P. Costantino, Doug Midthune, Barbara Karen Dunn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

1501 Background: Tamoxifen (T) is underutilized as a chemopreventive agent for breast cancer (BC), despite a 50% reduced risk of developing breast cancer in high risk women with use of T vs. placebo (P). Vasomotor symptoms (VS - hot flashes, night sweats, cold sweats) were the most frequently cited reasons for women stopping tamoxifen in the P-1 study and occurred most frequently in the T arm. BMI may modify experience of vasomotor symptoms in women, with higher BMI associated with worse symptoms. Methods: 13,388 women at high risk of BC were randomly assigned to T (20 mg/day) vs. P from June 1992 to September 1997. We analyzed data from 11,064 women enrolled at least 36 months before trial un-blinding in May 1998. Associations between VS and adherence to T: Stratifying on study arm (T vs. P) and 10 year age group, we used proportional hazards (Cox regression) models for time-to-first non-adherence. Covariates were VS, BMI, and breast cancer risk (Gail model). VS were coded on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 (no symptom/symptom not at all bothersome) to 4 (symptom extremely bothersome). BMI was categorized into: normal (< 25), overweight (25-30), and obese (≥ 30). Time-to-non-adherence was censored at 36 months. Associations between VS and BMI: logistic regression (LR) was used for each VS starting at month 3. Covariates were BMI, 10-year age group, and study arm. VS were coded on a 2-point scale (0 = no symptom/symptom not extremely bothersome, 1 = symptom extremely bothersome). Results: Time-to-non-adherence analysis: Estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI): hot flashes= 1.35 (1.22, 1.50); night sweats = 1.43 (1.28, 1.60); cold sweats =1.49 (1.19, 1.87); BMI = 1.13 (1.05, 1.21) (normal vs. obese). LR: Estimated odds ratios (OR) for BMI (normal vs. obese): hot flashes = 1.57 (1.26, 1.95); night sweats = 1.50 (1.19, 1.90); cold sweats=1.64 (0.86, 3.10). Conclusions: Adherence to T was lower in obese women and those with severe VS. In addition, VS were more severe in obese women. In order to improve uptake and adherence to chemopreventive options such as T in healthy, high risk women, interventions targeting risk factors for non-adherence must be addressed. SUPPORT: CA180868, 180822, 189867
Effect of Foster Nursing on the Induction of Mammary and Testicular Tumors in Mice Injected with Stilbestrol
Authors: Michael B. Shimkin, Howard B. Andervont
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1942)

Journal Article Effect of Foster Nursing on the Induction of Mammary and Testicular Tumors in Mice Injected with Stilbestrol Get access Michael B. Shimkin, Michael B. Shimkin assistant surgeon National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Howard B. Andervont Howard B. Andervont principal biologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 2, Issue 6, June 1942, Pages 611–622, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/2.6.611 Published: 01 June 1942
Loss of drug effects during continuation therapy
Authors: F M Quitkin, J W Stewart, P J McGrath, E Nunes, K Ocepek-Welikson, E Tricamo, J G Rabkin, D Ross, D F Klein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

This study sought to determine what proportion of relapses during continuation therapy with antidepressants can be attributed to loss of nonspecific placebo effects while the patients are taking the drugs.Depressed patients were studied over a 12-week period. One hundred sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to placebo, 174 to imipramine, and 169 to phenelzine. At 6 weeks 35 were judged to be responders to placebo, 70 to imipramine, and 96 to phenelzine. These patients continued their double-blind treatment for weeks 7-12.Thirty-one percent of the patients who were taking placebo, approximately 12% who were taking imipramine, and approximately 9% who were taking phenelzine relapsed in the 7- to 12-week phase. Two different methods of estimating relapses suggested that during the first 3 months of treatment, a large percentage of the relapses of patients taking drugs was attributable to the loss of nonspecific placebo effects rather than true drug effects.A considerable proportion of relapses in the first 3 months of treatment with antidepressants appears to be due to loss of placebo effects. These clinically relevant data may be used to encourage patients who relapse during this period, and who erroneously conclude that anti-depressant effects are temporary, to try another medication.
Abstract 3340: Coronary Flow Velocity Pattern Immediately After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Predicts Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Atsushi Yamamuro, Takashi Akasaka, Shuichiro Kaji, Koichi Tamita, Minako Katayama, Makoto Kinoshita, Natsuhiko Ehara, Tomoyuki Oda, Takeshi Kitai, Takafumi Yamane, Yasumori An, Kite Kim, Tomoko Tani, Kazuaki Tanabe, Shigefumi Morioka, Yasuki Kihara
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Studies using the Doppler guidewire have shown that coronary flow velocity (CFV) pattern in recanalized infracted arteries predicts recovery of regional left ventricular (LV) function, in-hospital complications, and long-term cardiac events. However, the relationship between the CFV pattern after reperfusion and serial changes in LV volumes is not clear. We postulated that the quantitative CFV measurement immediately after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) might be associated with the LV remodeling. To test this hypothesis, we prospectively analyzed the LV remodeling according to CFV parameters measured by the Doppler guidewire in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Consecutive 211 patients with first-time anterior AMI underwent successful PCI (&lt;50% residual stenosis with TIMI flow grade 2–3) and coronary flow measurement with the Doppler guidewire. The CFV spectrum provided the following parameters: time-averaged peak velocity (cm/s), systolic peak velocity (cm/s), and diastolic deceleration time (ms). Left ventriculograms obtained immediately after PCI and 6 months after the infarction were analyzed to measure the end-diastolic volume index and end-systolic volume index. The LV remodeling was defined as an increase in end-diastolic volume index ≥20%. Result: The optimal cutoff values to predict LV remodeling (defined as 6-month LV dilation ≥20%) were 20 cm/s for time-averaged peak velocity, 0 cm/s for systolic peak velocity and 550 ms for diastolic deceleration time (sensitivity=0.63, specificity=0.56; sensitivity=0.76, specificity=0.85; and sensitivity=0.85, specificity=0.85, respectively). Systolic peak velocity and diastolic deceleration time correlated to the LV end-diastolic volume index obtained 6 months after AMI(r= −0.67; p&lt;0.001 and r= −0.78; p&lt;0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The CFV pattern appears to be an accurate predictor of LV remodeling even in patients who received successful PCI in the left anterior descending coronary artery immediately after AMI. This index, therefore, identifies a subset of patients at-risk.
Abstract 17947: Large Scale Mouse Mutagenesis Screen Using Fetal Echocardiography Indicates Genetic Contribution to Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Wide Spectrum of Other Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Xiaoqin Liu, Richard Francis, Ricardo Ramirez, Guozhen Chen, Ramiah Subramanian, Kimimasa Tobita, Andrew J Kim, Shane Anderton, Youngsil Kim, Li-yin Wong, Maiko Tsuchya, Judy Morgan, Laura Reinholdt, Linda Leatherbury, Cecilia W Lo
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Large scale forward genetic screens with ethyl-nitroso-urea (ENU) mutagenesis can provide a non-gene biased approach to elucidate the genetic etiology of congenital heart disease (CHD). We are using noninvasive fetal echocardiography to elucidate the genetic etiology of CHD with scanning of 100,000 mouse fetuses to achieve 5 fold genome coverage. Methods: C57BL/6J mice (G0) are ENU mutagenized and the resulting G1 males and their G2 daughters are backcrossed to generate G3 fetuses for ultrasound scanning. Primary screening used the clinical Acuson Sequoia ultrasound system with a 15 MHz transducer. Fetuses with CHD were further scanned at 40 MHz with the Vevo 2100 ultra-high frequency biomicroscope (UBM). CHD diagnoses were susbsequently confirmed by necropsy, microCT, and/or histopathology. Results: Ultrasound scanning of &gt;20,000 G3 fetuses from &gt;600 G1 pedigrees revealed 4% of fetuses with cardiac defects. A wide spectrum of CHD was observed, including DORV, TGA, PTA, pulmonary/aortic atresia, coarctation, arch anomalies, atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) and other defects. The most common CHD found was ventricular septal defect. In contrast, hypoplastic left heart syndrome was found in only one mutant line (Figure). We also recovered 10 lines with laterality defects. Heterotaxy mutants exhibited complex CHD, but no heart disease was seen with situs inversus totalis. Overall, the UBM had higher detection sensitivity for cardiac situs (P&lt;0.01), AVSD (P&lt;0.01) and outflow tract malalignment (P&lt;0.01), with 98.3% of the cardiac situs, 91% of the AVSD and 70% of the outflow defects identified by UBM. Conclusions: Our studies showed the integration of conventional ultrasound with the UBM for fetal mouse cardiovascular phenotyping can maximize the recovery of CHD mutants. The wide spectrum of CHD observed in our large scale screen indicates the importance of genetic contribution in all varieties of structural heart disease.
18F-FDG PET/CT of Bronchial Mucous Gland Adenoma
Authors: Jaehyuk Cho, Jae Seon Eo, Kwang Ho In, Chul Hwan Kim, Jae Gol Choe
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Bronchial mucous gland adenoma is a very rare benign tumor that arises from the bronchial mucous-secreting glands. Its detection and appearance using 18F-FDG PET/CT has not been well characterized. We present a case of a 59-year-old man with FDG-avid mucous gland adenoma that mimicked lung cancer on 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Studies on phenolic steroids in human subjects
Authors: N. Inoue, A. A. Sandberg, J. B. Graham, W. R. Slaunwhite
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

In order to compare the enteric circulation of estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate (see preceding paper) with that of estriol (E(3)), labeled estriol was administered to six women by several routes: both injection and infusion (300 min) into the cubital vein, injection into the portal vein system, ingestion and instillation into the jejunum and ileum. Urine, collected from 0-2, 2-4, 4-8, 8-12, and 12-24 hr, was analyzed by countercurrent distribution for its content of radioactive 3- and 16-glucosiduronate (E(3)-3Gl,E(3)-16Gl) and sulfoglucosiduronate (E(3)-3S,16Gl) of estriol. After peripheral injection of E(3), E(3)-16Gl was excreted rapidly and E(3)-3S,16Gl at a slower and more constant rate. E(3)-3Gl was barely detectable after infusion. After injection of E(3) into the portal vein, the excretion of E(3)-3S,16Gl was greater and quicker than after peripheral injection. Even in a subject with a complete bile fistula, the urinary excretion of E(3)-3S,16Gl was essentially unchanged. Ingestion also produced the same result. Only after instillation into the ileum was a large and rapid excretion of E(3)-3Gl obtained, whereas the excretion of E(3)-3S,16Gl, and E(3)-16Gl were depressed. These results together with those of the preceding paper suggest that E(3) does not readily appear in the small intestine except via a hepatoenteric circulation that produces very little E(3)-3Gl. When present in the distal segment of the small intestine, however, absorption, conjugation, and elimination proceed readily.
A 19-Year-old Female with Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome
Authors: M. Shahed, F. Hagenmüller, Th. Rösch, M. Classen, A. Encke, J. R. Siewert, M. I. Ysawy, M. Al Karawi
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

A case of a blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome in a 19-year-old female patient with multiple cutaneous and gastrointestinal hemangiomata is described. Recurrent GI bleeding resulted in severe chronic anemia, which was successfully treated by endoscopic laser photocoagulation and surgical resection. Both forms of therapy had to be repeated 4 years later, the patient having been well in the meantime. This combined endoscopic and surgical approach might also improve the survival of patients with severe GI hemorrhage due to blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.
Reliability and Validity of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis Outcome Instruments Among Dermatologists, Pulmonologists, and Rheumatologists
Authors: Howa Yeung, Sara Farber, Belinda K. Birnbaum, Jonathan Dunham, Alexis Ogdie, Karen C. Patterson, Aimee S. Payne, Mary K. Porteous, Milton D. Rossman, Rebecca Sharim, Junko Takeshita, Victoria P. Werth, Daniel B. Shin, Sarah Price, Misha Rosenbach
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Dermatologists, pulmonologists, and rheumatologists study and treat patients with sarcoidosis with cutaneous manifestations. The validity of cutaneous sarcoidosis outcome instruments for use across medical specialties remains unknown.To assess the reliability and validity of cutaneous sarcoidosis outcome instruments for use by dermatologists and nondermatologists treating sarcoidosis.We performed a cross-sectional study evaluating the use of the Cutaneous Sarcoidosis Activity and Morphology Instrument (CSAMI) and Sarcoidosis Activity and Severity Index (SASI) to assess cutaneous sarcoidosis disease severity and the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) as a reference instrument. Four dermatologists, 3 pulmonologists, and 4 rheumatologists evaluated facial cutaneous sarcoidosis in 13 patients treated at a cutaneous sarcoidosis clinic in a 1-day study on October 24, 2014; data analysis was performed from November through December 2014.Interrater and intrarater reliability and convergent validity, with correlation with quality-of-life measures as the secondary outcome.All instruments demonstrated excellent intrarater reliability. Interrater reliability (reported as intraclass correlation coefficient [95% CI]) was good for the CSAMI Activity scale (0.69 [0.51-0.87]) and PGA (0.66 [0.47-0.85]), weak for the CSAMI Damage scale (0.26 [0.11-0.52]), and excellent for the modified Facial SASI (0.78 [0.63-0.91]). The CSAMI Activity scale and modified Facial SASI showed moderate correlations (95% CI) with the PGA (0.67 [0.57-0.75] and 0.57 [0.45-0.66], respectively). The CSAMI Activity scale but not the modified Facial SASI showed significant correlations (95% CI) with quality-of-life instruments, such as the Dermatology Life Quality Index (Spearman rank correlation, 0.70 [0.25-0.90]) and the Skin Stigma raw score of the Sarcoidosis Assessment Tool (Pearson product moment correlation, 0.56 [0.01-0.85]).The CSAMI and SASI were reliable and valid in assessing cutaneous sarcoidosis among our diverse group of specialists. The CSAMI Activity score also correlated with quality-of-life measures and suggested construct validity. These results lend credibility to expand the use of the CSAMI and SASI by dermatologists and nondermatologists in assessing cutaneous sarcoidosis disease activity.
Visual emphysema evaluation on CT: Interobserver agreement and concordance with lung density and lung function
Authors: Laura H. Thomsen, Mathilde M.W. Wille, Asger Dirksen, Jesper H. Pedersen, Saher B. Shaker
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objectives – To evaluate the interobserver agreement in visual assessment of emphysema in CT, and secondly, to assess validity of visual scoring by comparing it to quantitative measurements: lung density and spirometry.

Material and methods – In 3980 CT scans, 2 from each of 1990 participants, from The Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial the extent of emphysema was visually scored independently by two blinded observers. At inclusion, participants had a smoking history of at least 20 pack years, a FEV1 > 30% of predicted, and were 50-75 years. CT lung density was measured automatically by in-house developed software. The relative area of emphysema with HU value below -950 (RA-950) was used as a surrogate marker for emphysema. Interobserver variability and the correlations with the lung density measurements and spirometry were analysed using Kappa statistics and the Pearson's correlation, respectively.

Results – Kappa for agreement on presence/absence of emphysema was κ=0.74, p <0.001. Interobserver agreement in emphysema grading had a kappa of 0.57, p <0.001. When emphysema was present (N=120), the combined emphysema grading had a high correlation with RA-950 (r=0.73, 95% CI: 0.63-0.81, p <0.001) but not with spirometry (r=-0.12, p=0.25 ).

Conclusion – We found a high interobserver consistency in emphysema diagnosis and grading. Correlation between visual grading and lung density was highly significant; in contrast, no significant correlation was found between visual grading and lung function.
Oligoclonal Protein Bands and Ig Isotype Switching in Multiple Myeloma Treated With High-Dose Therapy and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: C.S. Zent, C.S. Wilson, G. Tricot, S. Jagannath, D. Siegel, K.R. Desikan, N. Munshi, D. Bracy, B. Barlogie, A.W. Butch
Journal: Blood (1998)
Radiotherapy in Epidural Spinal Cord Compression
Authors: W. M. H. van Woerkom-Eykenboom
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1980)

There are different opinions on the treatment of cord compression by epidural metastases. If there are only early symptoms and signs, irradiation gives the best results. High doses of dexamethasone are indicated. It will be shown that irradiation and high doses of dexamethasone can give "unexpectedly" good or bad results. The differences in opinion on treatment of cord compression by epidural metastases deserve to remain.
In vitro enhancement of response to radiation of human lung cancer cells following insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor inactivation
Authors: Daria Cosaceanu, Gabriela Iliescu, Juan Castro, Roza Szefer, Lena Kanter, Rolf Lewensohn, Anica Dricu
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

1299 

Abstract Target disruption of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) restricts proliferation of tumor cells and enhances their in vitro radiosensitivity. However, there is little information regarding the expression of IGF-1R in lung cancer and the effect of IGF-1R expression on response to radiotherapy in this tumour disease. In this study we have set forth to explore the putative link between IGF-1R expression and radioresistance of lung carcinoma cells. We evaluated the cell surface expression of IGF-1R in 5 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines and 6 non-SCLC (NSCLC) cell lines with different degrees of radiosensitivity, using 125I-IGF-1 binding experiments and subsequent Scatchard analysis. The radioresistant NSCLC cell lines expressed significantly greater IGF-1R at the cell membrane compared with the radiosensitive SCLC cell lines. We also investigated, using MTT assay, the antitumoral effect of IGF-1R blockade alone and in combination with γ-irradiation on NSCLC cell lines. The interactions between IGF-1R blockade (using a blocking antibody-IGF-IRab) and irradiation were then classified by the Multiplicative Method. In U1810 cell line, which displayed the highest IGF-1R level, synergy was found when combining IGF-1Rab with irradiation, additive interactions were found for four cell lines (A549, H157, H23 and H125) whereas only subadditive effect was observed in U1752 cell line over a 7-day observation period. Using two different methods (DNA synthesis and MTT assay), we assessed the possible protective effect of IGF-1R activation on radiation-induced cell death in the U1810 cells. Exogenous IGF-1 was able to obstruct in vitro serum starvation/radiation-induced cell death in U1810 cell line.Combined treatment with IGF-1Rab and irradiation induced an accumulation of cells in cell cycle phases G1 and G2 with concurrent reduction in the proportion of cells in the S phase in U1810 cells.Furthermore, activation of IGF-1R by its ligand partially abrogated serum starvation/radiation-induced G1, G2 arrest, as assessed by flow cytometry. Our results indicate that IGF-1R expression in lung cancer is one of the factors related to radioresistance and that inhibition of the receptor in combination with irradiation may prove to be a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of those types of lung cancer that display high expression of IGF-1R.