tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preventable deaths and better outcomes in CF: Need for organising care at European standards in developing countries
Authors: Laura-Larisa Dracea, Liviu Pop
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Advances in research and treatment changed the outlook for CF patients in developed countries.   Aim:  Evaluation of actual standards of CF care and identification of opportunities for changing the outcome of romanian CF patients.   Methods:  Analysis of clinical outcomes of CF patients (0-17 years) followed up in a Regional Center over 12 years (1998-2011) correlated with standards of care and level of funding.   Results:  45 children with CF followed up over the study period, 90% diagnosed before the age of 1 year (10/45 with meconium ileus, all underwent surgery and had complications). Mean age at diagnosis was 1.3 years, 36/45 were genotyped with 66% prevalence of del F508. 15 deaths were encountered, 67% before 2004 when the Ministry of Health provided funding. 66% of deaths before the age of 3 years, were influenced by poor socio-economic status, undernutrition and reduced level of understanding the nature of the disease. 65% of patients developed premature severe lung disease related to poor nutrition and early aquisition of  P aeruginosa.  CF related conditions as ABPA, CFRLD, diabetes in 6/45 patients represented risk factors for poorer outcomes. In 55% of patients malnutrition was correlated with poverty.The level of funding represented only 50% of the needs and the lack of a staffed CF unit was a major barrier to proper care of patients.   Conclusions:  Clinical outcomes were adversely impacted by lack of funding and complexity of factors that caracterise transition to European standards in a developing country. Development of programes aimed to increase knowledge and motivation for being involved in CF care are needed in order to offer better outlooks for CF patients.
Limited Growth Period of Human Lung Cell Lines Transformed by Simian Virus 40
Authors: Arden W. Moyer, Roslyn Wallace, Herald R. Cox
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Infection of human cell strains with simian virus 40 induced virus replication and cell transformation with the changes in morphology and cytology described by previous investigators. Although transformation greatly enhanced growth potentials of the strains, only 2 of 23 transformed cultures appear to have attained autonomous growth.
Antibiotic use during pregnancy alters the commensal vaginal microbiota
Authors: J. Stokholm, S. Schjørring, C.E. Eskildsen, L. Pedersen, A.L. Bischoff, N. Følsgaard, C.G. Carson, B.L.K. Chawes, K. Bønnelykke, A. Mølgaard, B. Jacobsson, K.A. Krogfelt, H. Bisgaard
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Phentolamine and Preconditioning During Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Ali Dana, Jun-ichi Imagawa, Derek M Yellon
Journal: Circulation (1998)

A primary rhythm in the central nervous system that entrains both heart rate, blood pressure, and ventilation 1 is suggested by profound effects on angina through consciously focusing on breathing and intervening pauses; adaptation to stress manifested by slower, deeper breathing, contributing to a 6.5-fold reduction in mortality; and the role of a slower rate of living in a lifespan increased 5-fold. 2 This hypothesis is supported by the association of the reduction of blood pressure with longer, less recurrent speech hesitation pauses 1 second or more in length, manifested by pauses averaging 1.18 seconds at Ͼ2 per minute and 1.93 seconds at 1 per minute, thus yielding a ratio of 0.611, approximating the golden section 0.618 (range, 0.534 to 0.833).It is also supported by the fact that even brief (1-5-second) spontaneous pauses in ongoing patterned behaviors are accompanied by an immediate reduction of 5-hydroxytryptamine neuronal activity to or below baseline levels, coordinating autonomic, motor, and sensory functions 3 and serotonergic modulation of dopamine 4 lateralized to the right hemisphere, thereby preventing disruption of brain stem cardiovascular control and lefthemisphere dominance associated with hazardous surges of sympathetic tone in abnormal awake respiratory patterns that are common in chronic heart failure manifested by cardiac dysrhythmia and vasoconstriction. 1,2
Topotecan, an active drug in the second-line treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer: results of a large European phase II study.
Authors: G J Creemers, G Bolis, M Gore, G Scarfone, A J Lacave, J P Guastalla, R Despax, G Favalli, R Kreinberg, S Van Belle, I Hudson, J Verweij, W W Ten Bokkel Huinink
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

Topotecan is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with preclinical activity against various tumor types. We conducted a large multicenter phase II study with topotecan in ovarian cancer in patients who had failed to respond to one prior cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic regimen.Topotecan 1.5 mg/m2/d was administered intravenously by 30-minute infusion for 5 days repeated every 3 weeks. As the cisplatin-free interval relates to response in subsequent treatment, patients were stratified in subgroups, ie, cisplatin-refractory, cisplatin-resistant, and cisplatin-sensitive.One-hundred eleven patients entered the study. Nineteen patients were considered to be ineligible; 92 patients were assessable for response. A total of 552 courses were given (median, four per patient; range, one to 17). The major toxicities were leukocytopenia and neutropenia, which were grade 3 to 4 in 54.2% and 69.1% of courses, respectively, but with only 4.3% of these being grade 4 neutropenia plus fever or infectious complications. Prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was given in 20.5% of courses to maintain dose-intensity. Other relatively frequent side effects were alopecia (82%), nausea (36.4%), and vomiting (17.5%). The overall response rate was 16.3%, with one complete response (CR) and 14 partial responses (PRs). In the cisplatin-refractory, cisplatin-resistant, and cisplatin-sensitive strata, the response rates were 5.9%, 17.8%, and 26.7%, respectively. The median duration of time of documented response was 21.7 weeks (range, 4.6 to 41.9).Topotecan in a daily-times-five schedule is an effective regimen as second-line treatment in ovarian cancer. Further investigations of topotecan in ovarian cancer, including first-line use and combination with other active agents, are indicated.
Multicenter Trial of High-Speed Versus Conventional Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Tali Sharir, Piotr J. Slomka, Sean W. Hayes, Marcelo F. DiCarli, Jack A. Ziffer, William H. Martin, Dalia Dickman, Simona Ben-Haim, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Growth Stimulation of COX-2–Negative Pancreatic Cancer by a Selective COX-2 Inhibitor
Authors: Guido Eibl, Yasunori Takata, Laszlo G. Boros, Joey Liu, Yuji Okada, Howard A. Reber, Oscar J. Hines
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors are promising antiangiogenic agents in several preclinical models. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitors on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in vitro and angiogenesis and growth of pancreatic cancer in vivo, focusing on putative differences between COX-2-negative and COX-2-positive tumors. VEGF production and angiogenesis in vitro were determined by ELISA and endothelial cell migration assay. To determine whether the effect of COX-2 inhibitors was mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), we used a dominant-negative PPAR-gamma and a pharmacologic inhibitor. In vitro findings were validated in a pancreatic cancer animal model. Microvessel density was assessed by CD31 immunostaining. Intratumoral prostaglandin and VEGF levels were measured by mass spectroscopy and ELISA. Selective COX-2 inhibitors had a concentration-dependent effect on VEGF production in vitro. Higher concentrations increased VEGF levels and stimulated angiogenesis by activating PPAR-gamma. In vivo, nimesulide increased VEGF production by cancer cells in COX-2-positive and COX-2-negative pancreatic tumors. In COX-2-negative pancreatic cancer, this effect was associated with an increase in angiogenesis and growth. In COX-2-positive pancreatic cancer, the nimesulide-induced increase of VEGF production by the cancer cells was offset by a decrease in VEGF production by the nonmalignant cell types leading to reduced tumor angiogenesis and growth. Selective COX-2 inhibitors had opposite effects on growth and angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer depending on COX-2 expression. These findings imply that assessing the COX-2 profile of the pancreatic tumor is mandatory before initiating therapy with a selective COX-2 inhibitor.
Are inpatients with COPD requiring treatment with NIV receiving adequate palliative care at the end of their life
Authors: William Kent, Seher Zaidi, Thomas Bongers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Although beneficial to many patients, recent data suggests significant mortality rates of up to 25% with acute Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) treatment [1]. It is therefore important to recognize when treatment is failing and when palliative care is appropriate.   Methods:  A retrospective case note review of patients who died with type II respiratory failure due to COPD on NIV as ceiling of treatment was performed. Patients were identified at two hospital sites (University Hospital=UH) and (District General Hospital=DGH). The diagnosis, prognosis, discussion with next of kin and management plan for each patient was studied. For the DGH patients it was also recorded whether they had been prescribed “prn medications” for palliative relief of their symptoms.   Results:  16 DGH/21UH patients were identified and the results combined. Prognosis was identified as poor in 30/37 patients (81%). Discussion with next of kin took place in 30/37 patients (81%). A “care of the dying” pathway was started in 7/37 patients (19%). In the DGH patients, “prn medications” were prescribed in 7/16 patients (44%). No Cardio Respiratory Resusitation (CPR) decision was made in 2/16 patients which resulted in inappropriate CPR attempts.   Conclusion:  This study highlights the deficiency in our management of end of life care in patients with end stage COPD on NIV. We need to improve our decision making with regards to CPR decisions, symptom control and appropriate palliative care.   References:   1Roberts CM, et al. Acidosis, non-invasive ventilation and mortality in hospitalised COPD exacerbations. Thorax. 2011 Jan;66(1):43-8.
Induction chemotherapy (CT) with weekly paclitaxel, carboplatin, and cetuximab for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HN)
Authors: M. S. Kies, A. S. Garden, C. Holsinger, V. Papadimitrakopoulou, A. K. El-Naggar, K. Gillaspy, J. Lewin, C. Lu, S. Villalobos, B. S. Glisson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

5520 Background: To further determine the potential efficacy of combining cetuximab with chemotherapy, we conducted a phase II trial with induction CT consisting of 6 weekly cycles of paclitaxel 135 mg/m 2 , carboplatin auc 2 and cetuximab 400 mg/m 2 week 1 then 250 mg/m 2 weekly. Methods: Patients (pts) were treatment-naïve with staging T0–4, N2b/c/3, M0; PS 0/1; with any HN primary site; and evaluated for clinico-radiographic complete response (CR). Pathway signaling biomarkers and genomic profiling are planned. Following CT, patients underwent “risk-based” local therapy. Choice of surgery ± postoperative radiotherapy (RT), RT, or concomitant chemoRT was based upon tumor stage and site at diagnosis. Results: Patient entry (2/05–11/05) has concluded with 47 patients (33 m, 14 f), median age 53 years and range 21–78. Two patients are too early for response analysis. Oropharynx was the dominant primary site, N = 42, with staging: Tx N2b - 4, Tx N3 - 1; T1 N2b - 5, T1 N2c - 6, T1 N3 - 3; T2 Nx - 1, T2 N2b - 10, T2 N3 - 3; T3 N2b - 5, T3 N2c - 3, T3 N3 - 1; T4 N2b - 2 and T4 N2c - 3. Toxicity was acceptable. Sixteen (34%) pts had grade 3/4 leukopenia; 22 (47%) grade 3 folliculitis (median 5 cycles of cetuximab administered); and 2 (4%) serious hypersensitivity. All 41 evaluable pts achieved a response in the primary site, 7 (17%) PR and 34 (83%) CR. Forty-three of 44 evaluable patients achieved a nodal response, 31 (70%) PR and 12 (27%) CR. Overall, 11 of 45 (24%) pts were disease-free after CT. At this early point, 3 pts have had 4 tumor recurrences, 2 local and 2 distant. Conclusions: CT administered over 6 wks, with cetuximab, was feasible and highly active with all patients achieving a tumor response. Severe skin rash affected nearly 50% of pts. Preliminary survival data, and correlation of surrogate biomarkers with tumor response are to be presented. Supported by: Bristol Myers Squibb Oncology and Imclone Systems Grant #CS 2004–00011435 WC. [Table: see text]
FRI0194 Is There an Association Between Spondyloarthritis and Antibodies Towards Borrelia, Ehrlichia and Chlamydia Species?
Authors: L.T. Hermansen, A.G. Loft, A.A. Christiansen, L. Gilbert, K. Garg, K. Karvonen, A.G. Jurik, U. Weber, C. Manniche, T.S. Jensen, B. Arnbak, M. Østergaard, S.J. Pedersen, T. Barington, H.J. Kolmos, K. Hørslev-Petersen, O. Hendricks
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Several studies suggested that certain microorganisms might contribute to initiation and perpetuation of spondyloarthritis (SpA). <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate IgG and IgM antibodies towards <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (Bb), <i>Borrelia garinii</i> (Bg), <i>Borrelia afzelii</i> (Ba), <i>Ehrlichia</i> spp. (Ehr), <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (Ct), and <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> (Cp) in SpA patients, low back pain patients, and healthy subjects and to elucidate whether previous infections could play a role in the onset of SpA. <h3>Methods</h3> Data collection was based on persons aged 18-40 years referred with low back pain for ≥3 months. They were examined with MRI of the spine and sacroiliac joints, CRP, HLA-B27, and clinical SpA features were assessed according to ASAS classification criteria (1). Sera were collected from patients with SpA according to ASAS criteria (SpA group; n=100), persons with low back pain but with a positive MRI or positive HLA-B27 and one clinical SpA feature (suspected (susp.) SpA group; n=41), and low back pain patients having no SpA features (LBP group; n=82). These groups were compared with age and gender matched healthy controls (n=40). With ELISA-tests, levels of IgG and IgM antibodies towards Bb, Bg, Ba, Ehr, Ct, and Cp were investigated and compared between groups. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparing antibody levels between groups, and Spearman9s test with Bonferroni correction for correlation analysis between antibodies and characteristics such as age, gender, HLA-B27 status, CRP, recent onset back pain (&lt;1 year), and positive X-ray (according to modified New York criteria). <h3>Results</h3> Levels of IgG and IgM antibodies towards Bb, Bg, Ba, and Ehr were significantly elevated in the SpA, susp. SpA, and LBP groups compared to healthy controls (p&lt;0.01, p&lt;0.001). Significant elevations of IgG towards Bg and Ba were observed in the SpA group compared to LBP group (p&lt;0.05). IgG towards Ct was elevated in susp. SpA group compared to healthy controls (p&lt;0.05), and IgM to Cp was elevated in susp. SpA and LBP groups compared to healthy controls (p&lt;0.01). Correlation analysis between levels of antibodies and characteristics such as age, gender, HLA-B27 status, CRP, recent onset back pain (&lt;1 year), and X-ray did not show any statistic significance. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results suggest that the elevated levels of antibodies towards <i>Borrelia, Ehrlichia and Chlamydia</i> species in patients with prolonged chronic low back pain are not related to SpA, and require other explanations. <h3>References</h3> Rudwaleit M et al., Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):777-83. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Hyperthyroidism in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Normal Thyroid Hormone Measurements
Authors: S A Bruce, D C Rangedara, R R Lewis, D Corless
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

The results of a study to investigate possible underdiagnosis of hyperthyroidism in the elderly are reported. Four out of 24 patients with atrial fibrillation for which there was no obvious cause and who had normal thyroid hormone measurements were found to have subnormal thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and abnormal thyroid scans. The implications of this finding are discussed.
Opisthorchis felineus as environment factor modify genetic risk of asthma
Authors: Irina Saltykova, Maxim Freidin, Elena Bragina, Ludmila Ogorodova, Valery Puzyrev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Asthma is a complex disease resulting from interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors. One of the environmental factors that have influence in risk of development asthma are helminthes. The Sibiria is endemic region of Opisthorchis felineus, we investigate the role of O.felineus invasion as environmental factor in the development of asthma and it9s clinical traits.  Genotyping of ten immune-response modifying genes was performed by means of RFLP analysis in 222 healthy people and 207 bronchial asthma (BA) patients with established status of O. felineus invasion (∼50% in every group). Multifactor dimensionality reduction was used to analyze gene-environmental interactions (GxE).  We find gene-gene interaction IFNG rs2069705-SOCS5 rs6737848 and impact of O.felineus as environment factor on the risk of asthma. This GxE model showed a maximum cross-validation consistency of 7 of 10 and a minimum prediction error of 43,57% among other models.  CC IFN rs2069705 (p=0.03) and GG TBX21rs11652969 (p=0.01) are associated with low lung function parameters in patients with asthma and GC rs12756687 PIAS3 (p=0.04) –in asthma patients infected O.felineus. So different genes are involved in change of lung function in asthma patients and asthma patients with O.felineus invasion.  Impact of O.felineus to GE model and it9s modifyning role on genetic component control lung function can suggests that O.felineus is important environment factor that can modify genetic risk of asthma in endemic region.
HIV/AIDS Surging in Eastern Europe
Authors: J Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

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Abstract 1572: Hypoxia And Reperfusion: Role Of Protein kinase C And eNOS In Free Radical Generation
Authors: Danny Ramzy, Laura C Tumiati, Mitesh Badiwala, Elissa Tepperman, Rohit Sheshgiri, Jessica Jackman, Vivek Rao
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: The main determinate of morbidity and mortality after cardiac transplantation remains hypoxia and reperfusion (H/R) injury. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein kinase C (PKC) have...
Endoscopic and histopathological findings in exudative pleural effusion (PE) of cardiac origin
Authors: Valentina Pinelli, Massimiliano Sivori, Donatella Intersimone, Franco Fedeli, Pier Aldo Canessa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: PE due to congestive heart failure is not always a transudate, almost 12% of patients with cardiac disease have an exudative PE. Serum BNP > 500 pg/ml has high diagnostic accuracy in recognizing PE of cardiac origin nevertheless in some cases only more invasive procedures such as medical thoracoscopy (MT) can make a final etiological diagnosis. To our knowledge there are not report about the endoscopic and histological pattern of an exudative PE of cardiac origin

Aim: to describe endoscopic and histopathological findings in patients with evidence of cardiac disease (BNP plasma values >500 pg/ml) and an exudative PE.

Methods: We carry out a retrospective study of 202 MT performed in our hospital for undetermined exudative PE. Only patients with BNP > 500 pg/ml were included. Thoracoscopic findings (TF) were graded as Type 1 : diffuse pleural thickening, Type2 : non-specific pleural inflammation with or without nodules, Type 3 : normal pleura. At least 10 pleural biopsies were taken from each patient.

Results: of 202 patients with exudative PE, 15 (7.4%) had a BNP plasma level > 500 pg/ml (Mean, SE: 891±204). Type 1 TF were observed in 13 patients (87%), Type 2 in 2 cases (13%). All patients with Type 1 TF had a faint pleural thickening and histopathological changes characterized by mesothelial cell hyperplasia, polymorphic flogistic infiltration with lymphocyte predominance. The 2 patients with type 2 TF had a final diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis

Conclusion: A diagnosis of cardiac pleurisy is characterized by endoscopic evidence of diffuse faint pleural thickening and histopathological findings of mesothelial cell hyperplasia with polymorphic flogistic infiltration.
P28 Novel Bayesian network analysis allows systematic comparison of the safety and efficacy of different latent TB infection treatments: Abstract P28 Table 1.
Authors: HR Stagg, D Zenner, RJ Harris, L Munoz, M Lipman, I Abubakar
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Although many randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews of treatment for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) have been conducted, previous analyses have not been able directly compare all utilised regimens. To address this we systematically searched for RCTs of LTBI treatment, then used a Bayesian network approach, which allows indirect head-to-head comparisons, to determine the most efficacious regimens at preventing active TB and those that caused the fewest adverse events. <h3>Methods</h3> PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were systematically mined using a search strategy developed to find RCTs of LTBI treatment. Animal studies, non-RCTs, and RCTs without at least one of our two endpoints were excluded. No language restrictions were made. Extracted data were inputted into a full random effects mixed treatment compartment model, based on code by Ades, Welton and Lu, and implemented in WinBUGS. Odds ratios for all possible comparisons in the network and hierarchical rankings for the different treatments were obtained from the model with point estimates taken as the median of the posterior distribution and 95% credibility intervals (CrI) from the appropriate percentiles. Study quality was individually assessed. <h3>Results</h3> 1,344 publications were generated by our search strategy, of which 52 fitted our criteria. 31 studies contained extractable data on adverse events and 44 on the development of active TB. 14 regimens were compared; an extract of the full results is presented (Table 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our Bayesian approach allows a novel, integrated, overview of the comparative efficacy and safety of different LTBI regimens, as well as a clear identification of the knowledge gaps where inference is difficult due to sparse data. The results of our study can therefore be used to inform guidelines and plan vital future LTBI treatment RCTs.