tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Professional Standards Review Organizations — Problems and Prospects
Authors: Claude E. Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstracts Professional Standards Review Organizations were established by PL 92–603. Development of this new system will proceed slowly, since it Involves fundamental changes in attitudes of providers, and in administration. Physicians are offered important opportunities to solve many problems that will arise in the implementation of the law. Although the basic structure of the system has been defined, some difficult decisions will be necessary, including the establishment of areas, description of norms, selection of hardware cost control, confidentiality of records, and changing relations of various medical organizations. The ultimate justification for Professional Standards Review Organizations should be improvement in quality of medical care. (N Engl J Med 289:291–295, 1973)
A New Enzyme Test for the Differential Diagnosis of Jaundice.
Authors: G. Thomas Passananti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964A New Enzyme Test for the Differential Diagnosis of Jaundice.G. Thomas Passananti, Ph.D., Glenn E. Drewyer, M.D., F.A.C.P.G. Thomas Passananti, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Glenn E. Drewyer, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-326_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe presence of guanase in liver has been known since 1928, yet no attempt has been made to utilize this enzyme in the assessment of liver function or as an indicator of the various types of liver diseases. We reported that the presence of this enzyme in the peripheral circulation as the result of changes in the liver cell has formed the basis of a laboratory diagnostic procedure for the differential diagnosis of jaundice.Guanase is an enzyme that catalyzes a step in the degradation of purines. Assay for its activity is based on guanine disappearance and xanthine production (guanine... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: G. Thomas Passananti, Ph.D.; Glenn E. Drewyer, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Flint, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 326-326KeywordsEnzymesLiverLiver diseasesPurinesResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Surgical End Results of Cervical Ridge and Disk Problems
Authors: Harold Haft
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A series of 73 cases involving operations, for syndromes due to herniated cervical disks or cervical spondylosis, from 1950 to 1960, has been reviewed. The series has been divided into four categories depending on whether the lesion was a soft displaced disk or a hard arthritic spur or ridge, and whether the presenting complaint was of root origin or spinal cord embarrassment. In addition, results of similar cases described in the literature have been collected and categorized. It has been found that results of surgery for the radicular syndromes, whether originating from herniated soft disks or arthritic spurs, are uniformly good. Of patients harboring midline lesions manifesting symptoms of spinal cord compression, only 33% have satisfactory results following surgical decompression. However, these latter patients had progressive neurological syndromes that, in many instances, were arrested after surgery. Because the predetermined classification of results applicable to the entire series depends on recovery from the presenting symptoms, this favorable effect on the course of the illness is not reflected in the data.
Non-invasive delivery of stealth, brain-penetrating nanoparticles across the blood − brain barrier using MRI-guided focused ultrasound
Authors: Elizabeth Nance, Kelsie Timbie, G. Wilson Miller, Ji Song, Cameron Louttit, Alexander L. Klibanov, Ting-Yu Shih, Ganesh Swaminathan, Rafael J. Tamargo, Graeme F. Woodworth, Justin Hanes, Richard J. Price
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Fibrin is a determinant of neutrophil sequestration in the lung.
Authors: J A Cooper, S K Lo, A B Malik
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

We investigated the role of fibrin in the sequestration of neutrophils in lungs challenged with microembolism. Lungs of chronically prepared awake sheep were imaged after infusion of 111In-neutrophils and 131I-fibrinogen. Thrombin (80 units/kg) was administered to induce fibrin sequestration in the lung. One group received tranexamic acid (4 mg/kg i.v.) to inhibit fibrinolysis, and the control group received a saline infusion. Thrombin infusion increased both 131I-fibrinogen and 111In-neutrophils in the lung, but the increases were greater and more prolonged in the fibrinolysis-inhibited group. We examined the adherence of isolated neutrophils to fibrin matrix to investigate how neutrophil-fibrin interactions could mediate neutrophil sequestration. Unstimulated neutrophils showed a 37.5 +/- 3.1% adherence to fibrin in contrast to a 3.9 +/- 0.4% neutrophil adherence to endothelium and a 6.5 +/- 0.5% adherence to agarose. Neutrophil adherence to fibrin increased to 81.7 +/- 6.2% with activation by phorbol myristate acetate (10(-8) M) and was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody directed against the beta-chain of the CD18 leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein. The findings indicate that retention of pulmonary fibrin microthrombi is associated with increased lung uptake of neutrophils. Fibrin serves as a substrate for neutrophil adherence, and this adherence is mediated by expression of the CD18 glycoprotein complex on neutrophils. Fibrin sequestration in the lung may contribute to lung vascular injury by inducing pulmonary neutrophil uptake.
Coagulation and fibrinolysis in primary biliary cirrhosis compared with other liver disease and during orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: H Segal, S Cottam, D Potter, B J Hunt
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Cirrhosis is associated with compromised hemostasis and coagulopathy during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). It has been suggested that hemostasis is better preserved during OLT in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) than other cirrhotic states. The aim of this study was to compare coagulation and fibrinolysis in 15 patients with PBC with 31 patients with other liver disease before and during OLT. Preoperatively, both groups had subnormal mean levels of prekallikrein, factor XIIa, antithrombin III (ATIII), plasminogen, and alpha2-antiplasmin. C1 esterase inhibitor and kallikrein inhibition in PBC was higher than the normal range (P < .01), but not in non-PBC. Non-PBC had lower median fibrinogen levels and shorter euglobulin clot lysis times (ECLT) (P < .05). Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen levels did not differ between groups but were elevated from the normal range, as were median thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT). Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity was significantly higher in PBC (0.0041). Perioperatively in the PBC group during the early anhepatic phase of OLT, there was more thrombin generation, as evidenced by higher TAT levels (P = .0455) and less hyperfibrinolysis with longer ECLTs. We hypothesize that there is a preserved capacity to generate thrombin and less fibrinolytic activation during the anhepatic phase of OLT, and we suggest that, in PBC, the use of antifibrinolytic agents may have an adverse effect.
The Kidney in Pregnancy
Authors: John A. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<b>Hypertension in Pregnancy</b>, edited by Marshall D. Lindheimer, Adrian I. Katz, and Frederick P. Zuspan, 443 pp, with illus, $32, New York, Wiley, 1976. At first blush it might not seem appropriate to group these two volumes into a single review. Nevertheless, both are, in the main, concerned with the pathophysiology of the hypertensive disorders that complicate pregnancy; the kidney appears to be the touchstone in the control of blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis as well as salt, water, and electrolyte metabolism. Unfortunately, the text with the more inviting title offers the least, since the book contains only the edited proceedings of an<i>Invitational Symposium on Hypertension in Pregnancy</i>held in Chicago, September 1975. Most papers are followed by a brief, usually noncontributory dialogue among discussants. Most of the papers reflect the special interests of the investigators, and the material is dated. While the participants are all authorities in
Scotland to ban smoking in enclosed public places
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Scotland is to become the first country in the United Kingdom to ban smoking in enclosed public places such as bars and restaurants in a move that will increase pressure on England, Wales, and Northern Ireland to follow suit.

The ban, which is scheduled to be introduced in spring 2006, has been welcomed by medical charities, royal colleges, and health professionals. It will carry maximum fines of £2500 ($4617; €3567) for businesses and £1000 for individual smokers who persistently flout the …
Suppression of Cytokine Signaling by SOCS3: Characterization of the Mode of Inhibition and the Basis of Its Specificity
Authors: Jeffrey J. Babon, Nadia J. Kershaw, James M. Murphy, Leila N. Varghese, Artem Laktyushin, Samuel N. Young, Isabelle S. Lucet, Raymond S. Norton, Nicos A. Nicola
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Efficacy of Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapies for Clarithromycin-, Metronidazole-, and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Helicobacter pylori Infections in a Prospective Study
Authors: Xiao Liang, Xiaoqing Xu, Qing Zheng, Wei Zhang, Qinjuan Sun, Wenzhong Liu, Shudong Xiao, Hong Lu
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Fibrosis of the Marrow Is Not Cast in Cement
Authors: William H. Crosby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We receive, from time to time, tantalizing bits of information and misinformation concerning fibrous conversion of the marrow. Forty years ago, we believed that removal of the large spleens of myelofibrosis was a too-great risk.<sup>1</sup>At that time, we subscribed to Donhauser's dictum that the metaplastic spleen in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MFM) was the only source of blood cells, having resumed its fetal hemopoietic function.<sup>2</sup>Now we know it isn't true. The hemopoietic tissue in MFM is neoplastic with neoplastic cell-lines in the marrow and in the spleen; the two organs become involved simultaneously. The spleen's metaplasia is not a reaction to the marrow's abdication; the marrow is often hypercellular before it becomes fibrotic.<sup>3</sup>The fibrous tissue is not a part of the abnormal neoplastic clone: marrow fibroblasts do not share the chromosomal abnormalities that are often present in the neoplastic hemopoietic cells of the myeloproliferative
The kinetics of T cell antigen receptor expression by subgroups of CD4+8+ thymocytes: delineation of CD4+8+3(2+) thymocytes as post-selection intermediates leading to mature T cells.
Authors: K Shortman, D Vremec, M Egerton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Cortical thymocytes from adult mice, separated on the basis of coexpression of CD4 and CD8 or of binding of high levels of peanut agglutinin (PNA), were subdivided according to the level of expression of the T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex. The incidence of dividing cells in the resultant subpopulations was determined by DNA staining. Precursor-product relationships and the timing of TCR-CD3 acquisition were studied using continuous in vivo [3H]TdR labeling and radioautography. The extent of intrathymic selection for TCR specificity in the subpopulations was determined from the incidence of cells bearing V beta 6 or V beta 17a in different mouse strains. The majority of dividing CD4+8+ blast cells expressed extremely low levels of TCR-CD3, indicating that TCR expression and specificity selection generally occurred after division ceased. The [3H]TdR-labeling studies indicated that postdivision TCR expression was rapid, and that those nondividing cortical thymocytes which had not expressed significant levels of TCR by day 1, remained extremely low or negative for their entire 3.6-d lifespan. Small cortical thymocytes which expressed moderate levels of TCR-CD3, were predominantly an unselected population with a lifespan of 3.8 d. A small subgroup of CD4+8+ PNA+ cortical thymocytes expressing high levels of TCR-CD3 was identified as a nondividing intermediate between the small cortical thymocytes expressing moderate levels of TCR and mature medullary thymocytes. These intermediates showed a 1-d lag in [3H]TdR labeling, then a 3.4-d transit time. The cell flux through this intermediate subpopulation was approximately 10(6) cells/d, similar to the rate of turnover of mature thymocytes; thus, although only 3-4% of thymocytes progressed to this intermediate state, once reaching it most then progressed to full maturity. In accordance with this, the incidence of the V beta selection markers within the intermediate subpopulation indicated that both positive and negative selection had already occurred. Selection for TCR specificity in the systems studied appeared to take place among CD4+8+ thymocytes expressing intermediate levels of TCR.
Hydrophobia—Statistics Desired.
Authors: Charles W. Dulles
Journal: JAMA (1894)

To the Editor:  —Will you permit me, through your columns, to ask that my professional brethren will communicate to me the occurrence of cases of so-called hydrophobia in their practice for the year 1894, from January 1, and so on until the end of this year?  I would like in all cases to learn: 1, the sex and age of patient; 2 a , the kind of animal that is credited with the inoculation; 2 b , its state of health; 2 c , the provocation to bite (if any existed); 2 d , the reasons why the animal was (if it was) deemed rabid; 3, the seat of the bite (or other mode of inoculation); 4, the fact and method of cauterization (if any); 5, the time between the inoculation and the outbreak; the symptoms of the outbreak—the occurrence of mania or imitation of dog actions; 7, the remedies used and doses, with
Polymerase η mRNA Expression Predicts Survival of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Paolo Ceppi, Silvia Novello, Alberto Cambieri, Marina Longo, Valentina Monica, Marco Lo Iacono, Matteo Giaj-Levra, Silvia Saviozzi, Marco Volante, Mauro Papotti, Giorgio Scagliotti
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: The effect of translesion DNA synthesis system in conferring cellular tolerance to DNA-damaging agents has been recently described. DNA polymerase η (Pol η) is part of this machinery and in vitro models showed that it can overcome DNA damages caused by cisplatin and UV rays. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Pol η mRNA expression levels in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Experimental Design: Pol η mRNA expression levels were evaluated by real-time PCR in (a) formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies of 72 NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, (b) fresh snap-frozen surgical specimens of tumor and corresponding normal lung tissue from 50 consecutive patients not treated with perioperative or postoperative chemotherapy, and (c) five NSCLC cell lines. Results: High Pol η expression levels were strongly associated with shorter survival at both univariate (6.9 versus 21.1 months; P = 0.003) and multivariate (hazard ratio, 3.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-5.84; P = 0.008) analysis in the group of platinum-treated patients. By contrast, Pol η expression was not significantly correlated with the prognosis in surgically resected patients (P = 0.54) and mRNA levels did not significantly differ in tumor versus normal lung (P = 0.82). Moreover, endogenous Pol η mRNA expression was found to be inducible by cisplatin in three of five cell lines and significantly associated with in vitro sensitivity (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Taken together, these data indicate Pol η as a predictive rather than prognostic marker worth of further investigation in NSCLC patients candidate to platinum-based chemotherapy.
STUDIES ON IMMUNITY TO PNEUMOCOCCUS MUCOSUS (TYPE III)
Authors: William S. Tillett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. Type III pneumococci fail in the majority of instances to stimulate the production of anti-S antibodies. (Type specific agglutinins, type specific precipitins, and antibodies affording type specific protection in mice.) 2. Type III pneumococci are effective in the stimulation of the production of anti-P antibodies (agglutinins for R strains of pneumococci and precipitins for pneumococcus nucleoprotein). These antibodies are ineffectual in the passive protection of mice.
Cholera Among British Troops During Indian Mutiny
Authors: George Homan
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your notices of the rise of Asiatic cholera to epidemic proportions in certain parts of Europe, with comments on the means by which it is spread, recall a fact mentioned by a British officer in a new book which gives an account of the siege of Delhi, as it came within his personal observation. The officer, Griffiths, says that the British troops employed in the siege were scourged by cholera, and that the camps were plagued by myriad swarms of flies, this fact being regarded as a coincidence merely. The mortality from cholera exceeded the losses caused by the ferocious fighting at the front, which continued many weeks between combatants maddened by racial hates and wrongs and under a midsummer sun, neither side giving or asking quarter. With our present knowledge it would appear only too plainly that the relation between the flies and cholera was not
The IgA1 immune complex–mediated activation of the MAPK/ERK kinase pathway in mesangial cells is associated with glomerular damage in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Houda Tamouza, Jonathan M. Chemouny, Leona Raskova Kafkova, Laureline Berthelot, Martin Flamant, Marie Demion, Laurent Mesnard, Etienne Paubelle, Francine Walker, Bruce A. Julian, Emilie Tissandié, Meetu K. Tiwari, Niels O.S. Camara, François Vrtovsnik, Marc Benhamou, Jan Novak, Renato C. Monteiro, Ivan C. Moura
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Authors: Pippa Oakeshott, Phillip Hay
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A 23 year old single mother has come back for the result of a test for chlamydial infection. The test is positive. She had seen you a week earlier for a routine smear test and mentioned some mid-cycle bleeding. She has been seeing her current boyfriend intermittently for a year. She has a four year old child, had a termination two years ago, and is on the pill.

Examination showed mucopurulent discharge at the external os. The cervix was friable and bled easily. After the smear test you removed excess mucopus before rotating a swab gently in and aroundthe cervical os and placing it in chlamydia test transport medium. Chlamydia are intracellular bacteria, so specimens should contain columnar epithelial cells rather than discharge. You need sample collection kits appropriate for the test used in your local laboratory. Sensitive and specific chlamydia tests using nucleic acid amplification are now widely available in Britain and may allow testing of a first catch …
Sensitivity to Apoptosis Signal, Clearance Rate, and Ultrastructure of Fas Ligand-Induced Apoptosis in In Vivo Adult Cardiac Cells
Authors: Kenji Hayakawa, Genzou Takemura, Masahiko Koda, Yukinori Kawase, Rumi Maruyama, Yiwen Li, Shinya Minatoguchi, Takako Fujiwara, Hisayoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Sensitivity to apoptotic signals, the clearance rate of apoptosis, and the apoptotic ultrastructure have not been studied in cells of the in vivo adult heart. Methods and Results — To minimize the systemic influence, soluble Fas ligand was injected directly into in vivo rat hearts and livers (as the control) at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 2, and 5 μg/mL (groups C, F0.5, F2, and F5). Apoptotic cardiomyocytes and apoptotic noncardiomyocytes of the heart were identified with similar incidences only in F5. Their incidences peaked at 12 hours after injection (2.0±0.09% in cardiomyocytes) and diminished markedly 24 hours later. Caspase-3 was activated only in F5. Boc-Asp-fmk, a pancaspase inhibitor, inhibited apoptosis, suggesting that the apoptosis sensitivity was regulated upstream of caspase-3. Apoptotic noncardiomyocytes showed typical ultrastructure. In addition to the typical ultrastructure, such as cellular shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic bodies, however, apoptotic cardiomyocytes showed unique features: doughnut-like, but not half-moon– or crescent-like, chromatin condensation; frequent plasma membrane rupture even during the early stage; condensed mitochondria with wrinkled cristae inside; the appearance of cytoplasmic lipid-like droplets; and myofibrillar derangement. In the livers, typical apoptosis was induced in hepatocytes and nonhepatocytes of the liver even in the F0.5 group, which were cleared 24 hours later. Conclusions — Compared with liver cells, cardiomyocytes as well as noncardiomyocytes of the heart are more resistant against the apoptotic signal, but the clearance is similarly rapid (within 24 hours). The ultrastructure of apoptotic cardiomyocytes is unique. These findings provide new insights into the dynamics of cell death in the heart.
1246 Induction of apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma by photodynamic therapy is associated with the activation of caspase 2 and deamidation of BCL-XL
Authors: T YOSHIKAWA, K NARIAI, H UGA, Y YUMOTO, M DATA, H TAKAHASHI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The properties of a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy, mono-l-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6), were investigated using phase-resolved fluorescence. NPe6 was analyzed in water solution at concentrations ranging from 3.13×10−7 to 8.00×10−5 M. The photophysical parameters of the lowest singlet excited state of NPe6 molecules were experimentally determined. It was confirmed that NPe6 molecules were in the isolated molecular state at concentrations below 1.00×10−5 M. It was also confirmed that the fluorescence in this concentration range was ascribable to the electronic transition of isolated NPe6 molecules from the lowest singlet excited state to the ground state. At concentrations above 1.00×10−5 M, some of the NPe6 molecules formed dimers in water solution, which caused a red shift of the fluorescence spectrum and an enhancement of fluorescence in the 700–750 nm wavelength region. Semiempirical molecular orbital calculation revealed that the sodium aspartate attached to the tetrapyrrole ring through the ethanoic group was remarkably bent with respect to the tetrapyrrole plane. This bending appeared to hinder the formation of NPe6 dimers at concentrations up to 1.00×10−5 M.