tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mongolism in One of Twins
Authors: A. R. Graham
Journal: BMJ (1950)

CATHETERIZATION BRMSH maximum which it was thought safe to give in these cases -it had to be supplemented with! intravenous thiopentone.Rectal paraldehyde was therefore substituted for bromethol, but it also had to be supp'emented with thiopentone, and, in addition, since it is chiefly excreted by the lungs, it was felt that its volatility might affect the blood gas analysis.It was now considered that if thiopentone was required as a supplement to basal narcosis it might well become the primary anaesthetic agent.Rectal basal narcosis was discarded and oral pentobarbitone sodium substituted; the technique now used is as follows.
Activated T cells induce expression of B7/BB1 on normal or leukemic B cells through a CD40-dependent signal.
Authors: E A Ranheim, T J Kipps
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Cognate interactions between antigen-presenting B and T cells play crucial roles in immunologic responses. T cells that have been activated via the crosslinking of CD3 are able to induce B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion in a major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted and contact-dependent manner. We find that such activated human CD4+ T cells, but not control Ig-treated T cells, may induce normal or leukemic B cells to express B7/BB1 and significantly higher levels of CD54 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 via a process that also requires direct cell-cell contact. To discern what cell surface molecule(s) may be responsible for signalling B cells to express B7/BB1, we added various monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for T or B cell accessory molecules or control mAbs to cocultures of alpha-CD3-activated T cells and resting B cells. We find that only alpha-CD40 mAbs can significantly inhibit the increased expression of B7/BB1, suggesting that the ligand for CD40 expressed on activated T cells may be an important inducer of B7/BB1 expression. Subsequent experiments in fact demonstrate that alpha-CD40 mAbs, but not control mAbs, induce changes in B cell phenotype similar to those induced by activated T cells when the mAbs are presented on Fc gamma RII (CDw32)-expressing L cells. These phenotypic changes have significant effects on B cell function. Whereas chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells normally are very poor stimulators in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs), CLL-B cells preactivated via CD40 crosslinking are significantly better presenters of alloantigen, affecting up to 30-fold-greater stimulation of T cell proliferation than that induced by control treated or nontreated CLL-B cells. Similarly, the MLR of T cells stimulated by allogeneic nonleukemic B cells can be enhanced significantly if the stimulator B cells are preactivated via CD40 crosslinking. The enhanced MLR generated by such preactivated B cells may be inhibited by blocking B7/BB1-CD28 interaction with CTLA4Ig. These studies demonstrate a novel, CD40-dependent pathway for inducing B cell expression of B7/BB1 and enhancing B cell antigen-presenting cell activity that can be initiated via cell-cell contact with alpha-CD3-stimulated CD4+ T cells.
Simultaneous Haemorrhage and Perforation of Meckel's Diverticulum
Authors: J. Burke
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Iris metastases secondary to primary malignancy are rare and usually have poor overall survival. We report a case of a man aged 60 years who presented with chief complaints of progressive pain and redness of right eye of 5 days duration. Slit-lamp examination revealed a greyish white irregular nodular mass, arising from anterior iris surface reaching up to mid-periphery. With a clinical suspicion of iris metastasis, systemic investigations were requested. CT scan of chest reported a well-defined lobulated lesion in the lower lobe of lung with presence of multiple satellite nodules in both lungs suggestive of primary malignant neoplasm of lung. Tissue diagnosis was obtained through an iris lesion biopsy, which was opted for relative ease of approach. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of iris metastasis secondary to non-keratinising squamous cell carcinoma of lung. Local intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor was administered for tumour regression along with systemic chemotherapy.
Effect of Altitude on Aphasia Following CVA
Authors: Herbert Herschensohn
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The beneficial effect of altitude on a patient with aphasia following cerebral thrombosis is worthy of note. The following information was received by an executive assigned to a post in Japan. While there his wife, who had accompanied him, suffered a major stroke. The onset of the cerebral vascular accident occurred April 6, 1964, at which time she lost her speech entirely, experiencing a partial paralysis of the right leg, right arm and hand with some paralysis of her face and mouth. In addition to the complete expressive aphasia, there appeared to be some receptive aphasia, including the inability to understand the written word, although she was alert to the spoken word. Within a few days she started to recover. First the use of the leg and arm gradually returned, followed by the ability to print very crudely a few words and to say one or two
Cytokine gene polymorphisms in atopic dermatitis
Authors: K. Reich, G. Westphal, I.R. Konig, R. Mossner, P. Schupp, C. Gutgesell, E. Hallier, A. Ziegler, C. Neumann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are genetically determined inflammatory skin disorders characterized by abnormal cytokine production. From association studies there is evidence that functionally relevant cytokine gene polymorphisms contribute to the genetic basis of psoriasis. Association studies in AD have mostly been limited to polymorphisms of T-helper 2-type cytokines, which dominate in acute AD lesions. Unexpectedly, the results of recent genome scans indicate linkage of AD to psoriasis susceptibility loci. Therefore, AD may also be influenced by genes that modulate cutaneous inflammation independently from atopic mechanisms. Objectives To investigate further the role of cytokine gene polymorphisms in AD. Methods Polymorphisms in the genes encoding tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFA−238 G/A, −308 G/A), interleukin (IL)-1β (IL1B−511 T/C, +3953 T/C), IL-6 (IL6−174 C/G), IL-10 (IL10−1082 A/G) and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN intron 2) were investigated in German patients with AD (n = 94) and in healthy nonatopic individuals (n = 214) by polymerase chain reaction-based methods and direct cycle sequencing. Results No association was found between AD and any of the polymorphisms analysed. This is in contrast to the recently described association between psoriasis and the TNFA−238 and IL1B−511 polymorphisms. Conclusions Our data indicate that cytokine gene polymorphisms may act as specific markers of inflammatory skin diseases rather than contribute to a general disposition towards cutaneous inflammation.
DEFORMITIES OF THE NASAL SEPTUM.
Authors: J. H. McCASSY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

But little success in the treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory passages and the ear can be attained while occlusion or partial occlusion of one or both nostrils exists.It is essential, therefore, that deflections of the septum nasi and other intranasal abnormalities be removed at the outset, so that the ingoing current of air may pass through the nasal chambers and be properly warmed and moistened therein.Physicians will not question the soundness of these conclusions, yet they too frequently let patients thus afflicted go the "rounds" without offer- ing them advice and suggestions as to the necessity of primarily removing intranasal abnormalities for the ultimate success of the management of these cases.Mouth breathing, headache, epistaxis, sneez- ing, frontal neuralgic pains, insomnia and total or partial deafness are common symptoms of nasal obstruction.Chronic nasal catarrh and septal de- formities go hand in hand.Classification\p=m-\1,osseous; 2, cartilaginous; 3, osseo-cartilaginous (Jarvis).This is the best and most natural classification.The seat of the deform- ity is found in the cartilaginous septum in two- thirds of the cases.Causation-Civilization seems to be a factor of nasal deformity, for the American and European races are prone to them.Collier says about 80 per cent, of
Poor Nutrition at Age 3 and Schizotypal Personality at Age 23: The Mediating Role of Age 11 Cognitive Functioning
Authors: Peter H. Venables, Adrian Raine
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

Objective: Poor prenatal nutrition has been associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the Netherlands and China, and it has been suggested that perinatal and postnatal nutritional factors lead to the development of schizophrenia and the exhibition of schizotypal traits later in life. There appears to be no prior research on the existence of possible factors that may mediate the relationship between malnutrition and schizophrenia spectrum disorders or whether this association is a direct one. The authors tested the hypothesis that low IQ mediates the relationship between early childhood malnutrition and adult schizotypal personality. Method: Participants were drawn from a birth cohort of 1,795 boys and girls who were followed prospectively. Objective indicators of malnutrition (anemia and stunting) were assessed at age 3. Verbal and performance intelligence were assessed at age 11, and schizotypal personality was assessed at age 23. Results: Both stunting and anemia at age 3 were associated with low IQ at age 11. Low performance IQ at age 11 was associated with increased interpersonal and disorganized features of schizotypal personality at age 23. Poor performance IQ was found to mediate the relationship between poor nutrition at age 3 and interpersonal and disorganized features of schizotypy at age 23. Findings in female participants were replicated in male participants. Conclusions: Given that poor nutrition is an alterable risk factor, these findings suggest that nutritional enhancements may improve brain functioning and possibly reduce some features of schizotypal personality disorder.
David John Christopher Felton
Authors: A. Lyne
Journal: BMJ (2014)

David John Christopher Felton died while shaping up to return one of his cross court forehands for which he was respected by his fellow tennis players. It was the way in which he would have chosen to go, enjoying an activity such as tennis with friends.

He was appointed as consultant in January 1969, together with 13 other doctors who all started on the same day, and spent his most of his working life at Peterborough District Hospital and Stamford Hospitals. He was born in India, the son of a British Indian Army officer in the twilight years of the British Raj. The first 18 years of his life were spent in India, living at times in the foothills of the Himalayas and at one time in the Red Fort in Delhi. It was a time of which he would often reminisce, recalling the days spent on the North West Frontier and developing his passion for game shooting, at which he …
Pectus Excavatum and Cardiac Function
Authors: Jens G. Rosenkrantz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

AT present it is generally agreed1 2 3 that there is no objective evidence that mild to moderate degrees of pectus excavatum ("funnel chest") have any demonstrable influence on cardiopulmonary function. The repair of this defect, a major undertaking, is viewed as a cosmetic operation. Yet many physicians and surgeons who treat such patients continue to note increased exercise tolerance and an improved sense of well-being after operation. This has been true even in young children, in whom the placebo effect of surgery should be minimal.In this issue of the Journal, Beiser et al. report detailed studies at cardiac catheterization on . . .
Endoscopic Hemoclip Treatment for Bleeding Artificially Induced Mallory-Weiss Tears
Authors: U. Will, T. Seidel, H. Bosseckert
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Mallory-Weiss syndrome occurring as a result of diagnostic endoscopy has been described previously [1] [2]. We report here on a case of severe iatrogenic Mallory-Weiss syndrome and treatment of the condition using Hemoclips.
Abstract 3441: Circulating perivascular progenitors, a target of PDGFRbeta inhibitors
Authors: Patrizia Mancuso, Angelica Calleri, Paola Marighetti, Jessica Quarna, Giuseppe Curigliano, Ines Martin-Padura, Francesco Bertolini
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer blood vessels consist of two interacting types of cells: inner lining endothelial cells and surrounding perivascular cells (pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells or mural cells). Marrow-derived PDGFRbeta(CD140b)+ progenitor perivascular cells (PPC) can differentiate into pericytes and regulate vessel stability and vascular survival in tumours (Song et al, Nature Cell Biol 2005). Similarly to what we have done with circulating endothelial cells and progenitors (Mancuso et al, Clin Cancer Res 2009), we have developed and validated a flow cytometry procedure for the enumeration of circulating PPC and the study of their viability in murine models of cancer and in cancer patients. DNA+CD45-CD31-CD140b+ cells were enumerated by six-colour flow cytometry, their perivascular nature was confirmed by electron microscopy and RT-PCR expression of CD140b, and their viability was assessed by 7AAD. PPC were found to circulate in cancer-bearing mice, and to be increased (compared to age-matched healthy controls) in patients affected by some types of cancer such as metastatic breast and kidney cancer. In murine models of cancer and in cancer patients, at variance with the kinetcs of circulating endothelial progenitors (Bertolini et al, Cancer Res 2003; Shaked et al, Cancer Cell 2008), cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy reduced the number of viable PPC, most likely because of an increase of PPC recruitment towards vessels damaged by cyclophosphamide administration (Bertolini et al, Lancet Oncology 2001). Conversely, the administration of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sunitinib, known to inhibit PDGFRbeta, was associated in murine models and human cancer patients with an increase of apoptotic circulating PPC, suggesting a direct targeting of these cells. Studies are ongoing to validate PPC enumeration and viability assessment as a surrogate marker of clinical efficacy in preclinical models and in cancer patients receiving multiple TKI inhibitors including an anti-PDGFRbeta activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3441.
Transtracheal Aspiration Complicated by Fatal Endotracheal Hemorrhage
Authors: Richard F. Schillaci, Victor E. Iacovoni, Robert S. Conte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The benefits of transtracheal aspiration in the diagnosis of etiologic agents in pneumonia have been stressed in many articles.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Complications with this procedure have been very infrequent, usually consisting of minimal hemoptysis for a few minutes after the removal of the material. In the case reported below, fatal hemorrhage was associated with transtracheal aspiration in a young man with pneumonia whose complication was related to an anatomic variant.Case ReportAn 18-year-old Navy recruit was well until two weeks before admission when laryngitis and a nonproductive cough developed. Despite appropriate therapy, these symptoms progressed over the next seven days to . . .
Can the results be improved by combining radiation and elective radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy? Comment
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The need for careful studies as herein presented demonstrates the ability of irradiation to sterilize pelvic lymph nodes. This is an area of much misconception since the radioincurability of metastatic nodes has often been equated to, or measured by, patient deaths. As metastatic nodal disease is usually a sign of moderately advanced cancer, local control of the primary and regional nodes may often be achieved without halting dissemination. A patient, therefore, may not be treated successfully with metastatic nodes because of death due to distant spread. The failure is not simply that of the inadequacy of local therapy, be it surgery or irradiation, but local therapy is inadequate in that it does not encompass all the disease. The need to determine the relative value of surgery and radiotherapy in controlling metastatic nodes is an important question to explore. The combining of two full courses of therapy such as radical surgery
Remote Control of Intestinal Tumorigenesis by Innate Immunity
Authors: Thomas Secher, Olivier Gaillot, Bernhard Ryffel, Mathias Chamaillard
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Chronic intestinal inflammation has been linked to the development of colorectal cancer. Recent studies suggest that during chronic inflammation, the innate immune system may facilitate colon tumorigenesis in genetically predisposed individuals in response to certain indigenous microorganisms and/or cell remnants. In these individuals, therapeutic approaches that reroute the innate immune system's inflammatory and antimicrobial activities might help prevent colon tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Authors: C A Ison, N S Branley, K Kirtland, C S Easmon
Journal: BMJ (1991)

After adjustment for age the partial correlation coefficients between the amount of tobacco consumed daily and the sialic acid concentrations were 0 10 (p=0 04) for men and 0 01 (p=0 90) for women (non- smokers were assumed to consume 0 g).Among men the sialic acid concentration adjusted for age was 0-69 g/l in non-smokers and 7 1 g/l in smokers (p=009).The corresponding figures for women were 0-71 and 0-71 g/l respectively (p=096).There was a significant positive correlation between age and sialic acid concentration in male non-smokers and in female smokers and non-smokers.Young male smokers, however, had almost the same sialic acid concentration as old male smokers (figure).Consequently, a decreasing difference in sialic acid concentration between male smokers and non-smokers was observed with increasing age, but this trend was not significant (p=0 15).
Office-Based Testing for Fecal Occult Blood
Authors: Harold C. Sox
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters2 August 2005Office-Based Testing for Fecal Occult BloodHarold C. Sox, MD, EditorHarold C. Sox, MD, EditorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-3-200508020-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:In response to Dr. Wolff and Dr. Hoffer, I can but elaborate on my editorial. One concern is using office guaiac in lieu of other, better tests, which is common practice, according to Nadel and colleagues' survey (1). A second concern is placing too much weight on a negative result on a test that misses 95% of colonic neoplasia. The third concern is inefficient use of invasive follow-up tests. The office guaiac has a positive likelihood ratio of 1.68 (2), which means that the probability of high-risk neoplasia rises from 7.0% to 12% after a positive test result, ...References1. Nadel MR, Shapiro JA, Klabunde CN, Seeff LC, Uhler R, Smith RA, et al. A national survey of primary care physicians' methods for screening for fecal occult blood. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:86-94. [PMID: 15657156] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Collins JF, Lieberman DA, Durbin TE, Weiss DG. Accuracy of screening for fecal occult blood on a single stool sample obtained by digital rectal examination: a comparison with recommended sampling practice. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:81-5. [PMID: 15657155] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Mandel JS, Bond JH, Church TR, Snover DC, Bradley GM, Schuman LM, et al. Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1365-71. [PMID: 8474513] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAccuracy of Screening for Fecal Occult Blood on a Single Stool Sample Obtained by Digital Rectal Examination: A Comparison with Recommended Sampling Practice Judith F. Collins , David A. Lieberman , Theodore E. Durbin , David G. Weiss , and A National Survey of Primary Care Physicians' Methods for Screening for Fecal Occult Blood Marion R. Nadel , Jean A. Shapiro , Carrie N. Klabunde , Laura C. Seeff , Robert Uhler , Robert A. Smith , and David F. Ransohoff Office-Based Testing for Fecal Occult Blood: Do Only in Case of Emergency Harold C. Sox Office-Based Testing for Fecal Occult Blood Michael L. Wolff Office-Based Testing for Fecal Occult Blood Edward P. Hoffer Office-Based Testing for Fecal Occult Blood Christian Jackson and Robert Craig Metrics 2 August 2005Volume 143, Issue 3Page: 236KeywordsColonoscopyColorectal cancerColorectal cancer screeningConflicts of interestDeath ratesHematologic testsLesions ePublished: 2 August 2005 Issue Published: 2 August 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
LOCAL INFILTRATION ANESTHESIA OF THE PROSTATE PRELIMINARY TO RESECTION
Authors: WILLIAM N. WISHARD
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In the early fall of 1932 we had under our care an elderly patient with a fibrotic contracture of the vesical orifice occurring several years after prostatectomy. Cystoscopic examination revealed no prostatic recurrence but a relatively small amount of scar tissue producing a considerable degree of obstruction. The patient also had marked coronary disease, which, a medical consultant felt, constituted an anesthetic risk out of all proportion to the proposed operative risk of transurethral resection. Using only a topical application of cocaine, we quickly resected four or five small pieces of tissue from the floor of the vesical orifice with the McCarthy electrotome. Save for moderate pain during the time the cutting current was actually in use, the patient did not experience any great discomfort, making an uneventful recovery with satisfactory functional results. In retrospect, it occurred to us that, if the tissue to be resected could be infiltrated with