tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17306: Right Ventricular Response to Exercise in Patients with an Obstructed Right Ventricle-to-Pulmonary Artery Conduit: Effects of Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement
Authors: Babar S Hasan, Fatima I Lunze, David W Brown, Matthew J Boudreau, Ming Hui Chen, Doff B McElhinney
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: In patients with repaired congenital heart disease, the clinical evaluation of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) conduit dysfunction (i.e. stenosis or regurgitation) has classically involved analysis of anatomic and physiologic changes of the right ventricle (RV) at rest. Such evaluation does not reflect dynamic changes that occur during exercise, or elicit functional changes in response to physiologic stress. In this study, we characterized the physiologic effects of exercise on the RV in patients with an obstructed RVOT conduit before and after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPV). Methods: Patients with RVOT conduit obstruction who underwent TPV between March 2010- March 2011 at Children's Hospital Boston were enrolled. Exercise echocardiograms were performed in all patients. Rest and peak exercise RVOT gradient, RV systolic pressure, and 2D global longitudinal RV strain parameters (composite of 6-segment RV strain from a 4-chamber apical view via speckled tracking) were obtained prior to and 6 months post-TPV. Results: A total of 12 patients, of whom 8 had Tetralogy of Fallot (67%) were enrolled and completed the study. Median age at the time of TPV was 18 yrs (range 4 - 28). Prior to TPV, the median resting maximum instantaneous gradient (MIG) was 60mmHg (range 32-85) and increased with peak exercise to 95 mmHg (range 50 -156; p&lt;0.001). At baseline, resting global RV strain was -15% (-6, 19.6) and increased to -17% (-3, -22; p =0.005) at peak exercise. Following TPV, median MIG declined significantly at rest to 21mmHg (range 16-41; p= 0.03 vs. pre-TPV) and at peak exercise, 41mmHg (range 27-81; p=0.03 vs. pre-TPV), but still with a significant increase in MIG from rest to peak exercise (p&lt;0.001). Following TPV, global RV strain increased at rest,-17% (-2, -24; p= 0.005), and further at peak exercise, -20% (-6, -23; p=0.01). Conclusions: Exercise led to a significant increase in the peak RVOT gradient and global longitudinal RV strain both before and after TPV. TPV resulted in significantly improved RVOT gradient and longitudinal RV myocardial deformation both at rest and during peak exercise.
e-Cigarettes—The Roles of Regulation and Clinicians
Authors: Robert C. McMillen, Mark A. Gottlieb, Jonathan P. Winickoff
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Reversibility of airway obstruction to diagnose asthma in children using forced oscillations: Inspiration, expiration does it matter?
Authors: Iulia Ioan, Silvia Varechova, Claude Bonabel, Thanh Le Tuan, Cyril Schweitzer, François Marchal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Estimating reversibility of bronchial obstruction is part of the routine management of asthma. It is still not clear what forced oscillation technique (FOT) parameter response to salbutamol best differentiates asthmatics from controls.  The aim of the study was to compare the ability to detect a different response to salbutamol between asthmatic and healthy children for the following parameters: respiratory resistance (Rrs), reactance (Xrs), impedance (Zrs) and admittance (Ars, the reciprocal of Zrs).   Methods:  79 asthmatics and 20 controls aged 4 – 11 y were included. FOT mesurements were obtained using a single sinusoidal pressure oscillation at 8 Hz. The parameters were computed separately in inspiration (I) and expiration (E). Reversibility was expressed as percentage from the corresponding baseline, except for Xrs – frequently close to zero – expressed as percentage of the baseline Zrs. The ability for each parameter to separate asthmatics from controls was tested at different decision levels by computing the Youden index (Y), a combination of sensitivity and specificity, that ranges from -1 for a useless test to +1 for maximal diagnostic value.   Results.  The response to salbutamol showed larger Y in I than E for Rrs (0.31 vs 0.25) and Ars (0.38 vs 0.35). In contrast, Y was equivalent in I and E for Zrs (0.3) and Xrs (0.11). The maximal Y value of 0.38 for Ars in I corresponded to 25% increase after salbutamol.   Conclusion.  The diagnostic value of the FOT depends on breathing. Inspiration usually provides better discrimination. The information may be important to improve the diagnostic of asthma based on bronchial reversibility.
Sexual Orientation Identity Disparities in Awareness and Initiation of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Among U.S. Women and Girls
Authors: Madina Agénor, Sarah Peitzmeier, Allegra R. Gordon, Sebastien Haneuse, Jennifer E. Potter, S. Bryn Austin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Lesbians and bisexual women are at risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection from female and male sexual partners.To examine the association between sexual orientation identity and HPV vaccination among U.S. women and girls.Cross-sectional, using 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth data.U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population.The 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth used stratified cluster sampling to establish a national probability sample of 12,279 U.S. women and girls aged 15 to 44 years. Analyses were restricted to 3253 women and girls aged 15 to 25 years who were asked about HPV vaccination.Multivariable logistic regression was used to obtain prevalence estimates of HPV vaccine awareness and initiation adjusted for sociodemographic and health care factors for each sexual orientation identity group.Among U.S. women and girls aged 15 to 25 years, 84.4% reported having heard of the HPV vaccine; of these, 28.5% had initiated HPV vaccination. The adjusted prevalence of vaccine awareness was similar among heterosexual, bisexual, and lesbian respondents. After adjustment for covariates, 8.5% (P = 0.007) of lesbians and 33.2% (P = 0.33) of bisexual women and girls who had heard of the vaccine had initiated vaccination compared with 28.4% of their heterosexual counterparts.Self-reported, cross-sectional data, and findings may not be generalizable to periods after 2006 to 2010 or all U.S. lesbians aged 15 to 25 years (because of the small sample size for this group).Adolescent and young adult lesbians may be less likely to initiate HPV vaccination than their heterosexual counterparts. Programs should facilitate access to HPV vaccination services among young lesbians.National Cancer Institute.
Do pre-analytical or analytical factors influence the performance of real time PCR tests in the diagnosis of tuberculosis?
Authors: Leila Antonangelo, Gabriela Carnevale, Lia Marcal, Roberta Sales, Milena Acencio, Francisco Vargas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Purpose : The tests used for nucleic acid amplification of  Mycobacterium   tuberculosis  have sensitivity ranging from 11 to 81% in samples of pleural fluid (PF), sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The lowest sensitivities are observed in paucibacillary samples and in samples with pre analytical interferents. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether pre analytical variables influence the diagnostic of tuberculosis by real-time PCR in samples of PF and BAL.   Methods:  From a pleural transudate sample we simulated a PF sample rich in proteins (>4,5 g/dL), cells (>10.000/mm 3 ) and eritrocytes (>50.000/mm 3 ) and inoculated  M. tuberculosis  in concentration ranging from 1,5 x 10 6  to 1,5 x 10 1  CFU/mL. From a non-inflamatory BAL sample we simulated BAL samples with increasing grades of hemorrhage. All the samples were prepared in triplicate. Two extraction (Qiagen and Roche) and detection (Roche and Nanogen) techniques were used for the Real time PCR.   Conclusions : The choice of the extraction/detection methods seems to be more important than samples interferents in the detection of  M. tuberculosis  in paucibacillary PF and BAL samples.
EuroNHID checklists for the assessment of high-level isolation units and referral centres for highly infectious diseases: results from the pilot phase of a European survey
Authors: F.M. Fusco, S. Schilling, V. Puro, H-R. Brodt, P. Follin, B. Jarhall, B. Bannister, H.C. Maltezou, G. Thomson, P. Brouqui, G. Ippolito
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Cytotoxic activity of 4'-hydroxychalcone derivatives against Jurkat cells and their effects on mammalian DNA topoisomerase I
Authors: Zeki Topcu, Murat Cizmecioglu, Sevil Zencir, Mustafa Gul, Pakize Canturk, Mustafa Atalay, H. Inci Gul
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

A15   Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones) are alfa, beta-unsaturated ketones with cytotoxic and anticancer properties. Several reports have shown that the compounds with cytotoxic properties may also interfere with DNA topoisomerase functions. We synthesized five derivatives of 49-hydroxychalcones and carried out cytotoxicity tests against transformed human T (Jurkat) cells as well as plasmid supercoil relaxation experiments using mammalian DNA topoisomerase I. The compounds synthesized was 3-aryl-1-(4’-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one. The aryl part was phenyl,  p -methylphenyl,  p -methoxyphenyl,  p -chlorophenyl and 2- thienyl for the compounds I-V respectively. The order of the cytotoxicity of the compounds was; IV > III > II > I > V. The compound IV, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4’-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one, had the highest Hammett and log P values (0.23 and 4.21, respectively) and exerted both highest cytotoxicity and strongest DNA topoisomerase I inhibition. The compounds I and II gave moderate interference with the DNA topoisomerase I while the remaining ones did not interfere with the enzyme.
Interaction of Vitamin C and Selenium Supplementation in the Modification of Mammary Carcinogenesis in Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C Ip
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The objectives of this study were a) to compare the efficacy of inorganic and organic selenium compounds in protecting against mammary tumorigenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [(DMBA); CAS: 57-97-6] in rats and b) to study the interaction of vitamin C with either selenite (inorganic) or seleno-DL-methionine (organic) in chemoprevention. Control Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a purified 5% corn oil diet containing 0.1 ppm selenium. Selenite or seleno-DL-methionine was added to the basal diet in concentrations of 2, 3, or 4 ppm starting 1 week after DMBA administration. The inhibitory response in mammary tumorigenesis with selenium supplementation was dose dependent. Both selenium compounds were found to be equally efficacious in prophylaxis, although at the 4-ppm level a slight reduction in growth was observed. In the second experiment, different concentrations of vitamin C (0.2, 0.5, and 1%) were tested. In general, there was no change with the two lower levels; but a slight, although insignificant, increase in tumor yield was detected in rats supplemented with 1% vitamin C in the diet. The interaction of 0.5% vitamin C with either selenite or seleno-DL-methionine (3 ppm) was studied in the third experiment. Results showed that the protective effect of selenite in tumorigenesis was nullified by vitamin C, whereas the chemopreventive action of seleno-DL-methionine was not affected. It is possible that selenite is reduced by vitamin C to elemental selenium and is therefore not available for uptake by tissues. This hypothesis was indirectly supported by tissue selenium measurements showing that 0.5 or 0.25% of vitamin C in the diet completely negated in blood, liver, and mammary gland the accumulation of selenium induced by 3 ppm of selenite supplementation. Lower levels of vitamin C (less than or equal to 0.1%) were found to have no effect on tissue selenium concentrations. Furthermore, the presence of 0.1% vitamin C in the diet no longer abolished the anticarcinogenic effect of selenite. This study suggests that high levels of vitamin C can interfere with the accumulation of tissue selenium and that an increased titer of this trace element in cells is essential for retarding tumor development.
Equations for normalized protein catabolic rate based on two-point modeling of hemodialysis urea kinetics.
Authors: T A Depner, J T Daugirdas
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

The normalized protein catabolic rate (PCRn) can be calculated from predialysis and postdialysis BUN measurements in patients receiving intermittent dialysis. This measure of net protein catabolism, adjusted for body size, is a useful clinical measure of nutrition that correlates with patient outcome and, in patients who are in nitrogen balance, is a reasonable estimate of dietary protein intake. Whereas simplified formulae that estimate the per-treatment dose of hemodialysis, expressed as Kt/Vurea (Kt/V), are in common use, simplified methods for determining PCRn have only recently appeared. In the study presented here, equations were derived for calculating PCRn from the predialysis BUN and Kt/V. The equations were of the general form: PCRn = C0/(a + bKt/V + c/(Kt/NLL)) + 0.168, where Co is the predialysis BUN in mg/dL. Three sets of coefficients were developed for patients dialyzed thrice weekly: one for patients dialyzed after the long interval at the beginning of the week, one for patients dialyzed at midweek, and the third for patients dialyzed at the end of the week. Two similar sets of coefficients were developed for patients dialyzed twice weekly. For patients with remaining function in the native kidney remnant, equations were developed and refined for upgrading PCRn by adjusting C0 upward. The equations were validated by comparing the calculated PCRn with PCRn determined by a formal iterative model of urea kinetics in a series of 119 dialyses in 51 patients dialyzed thrice weekly (r = 0.9952; mean absolute error, 1.97 +/- 1.39%) and in a series of 71 dialyses in 25 patients dialyzed twice weekly (r = 0.9956; mean absolute error, 2.17 +/- 1.56%). These simple yet accurate equations should be useful in epidemiologic studies or in clinical laboratories where limited data are available for each patient or when iterative computer techniques cannot be applied.
Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in Childhood: An Epidemiologic Study
Authors: Joseph F. Fraumeni, Robert W. Miller, Judith A. Hill
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

In a search for etiologic clues, study was made of 282 death certificates of U.S. children who died of hepatic carcinoma, 1960–1964, and of 76 hospital charts of children with this neoplasm. There was an early peak in mortality which, coupled with the occurrence of neonatal liver cancer, suggests that in early childhood the tumor has a prenatal origin. The array of congenital defects recorded in the hospital series indicates that this tumor may share etiologic mechanisms with Wilms' tumor and adrenocortical neoplasms. Two children with liver cancer had congenital hemihypertrophy and two had extensive hemangiomas, anomalies which occur in excess with Wilms' tumor and adrenocortical neoplasms; one child had Wilms' tumor synchronous with the diagnosis of liver neoplasia and another had agenesis of the adrenal gland, a defect observed with adrenocortical tumors. In addition, 5 children had antecedent liver diseases: nonspecific cirrhosis (2 cases), neonatal hepatitis, congenital biliary atresia, and de Toni-Fanconi syndrome (1 case each). Additional cases found in the mortality series included von Gierke's disease. The early peak incidence of liver neoplasia seems related to coexisting congenital anomalies such as hemihypertrophy and to liver damage following biliary atresia or neonatal hepatitis, whereas liver disease due to nonspecific or metabolic cirrhosis is a precursor to neoplasia in older children and adults. Geographic variation in liver cancer mortality occurred in children under 5 years of age, which suggests an environmental influence on the early peak. No evidence was found to implicate genetic factors, other than their role in certain disorders which increase the risk of liver cancer.
Reticulocytosis and anemia are associated with an increased risk of death and stroke in the newborn cohort of the <scp>Cooperative</scp><scp>Study</scp> of <scp>Sickle</scp><scp>Cell</scp><scp>Disease</scp>
Authors: Emily Riehm Meier, Elizabeth C. Wright, Jeffery L. Miller
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

Prior analyses of the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD) newborn cohort identified elevated white blood cell (WBC) count, low baseline hemoglobin and dactylitis between the ages of 1 and 2 years as markers of severe disease. Reticulocytosis was also associated with severe disease. Here, we further analyzed data collected on enrolled CSSCD infants for the predictive value of those markers for stroke and death later in life. Three hundred fifty-four CSSCD subjects were identified who had absolute reticulocyte counts (ARC) measured during infancy (2 to 6 months of age). Infants with higher ARC had significantly increased risk of stroke or death during childhood; lower hemoglobin levels also increased the risk but to a lesser degree than ARC. WBC levels and dactylitis were not predictive of death or stroke. These data suggest that reticulocytosis among asymptomatic infants with sickle cell anemia is associated with an increased risk of death or stroke during childhood.
Effect of Age on Incidence of Breast Cancer in Females2
Authors: Suresh H. Moolgavkar, Richard G. Stevens, John A. H. Lee
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Incidence and mortality data on breast cancer in females from various Occidental (Western) and Japanese populations were analyzed. After adjustment for birth cohort and year of event, the age curves from all the Western populations were very similar in shape. The age curve for Osaka incidence was very similar in shape to the Western incidence curves. The Osaka curve continued to increase after menopause; the postmenopausal decrease in rates in individual cross sections was the result of a strong cohort effect. The premenopausal mortality curve for Japan was very similar in shape to the Western curves; however, the postmenopausal Japanese mortality curve had a smaller slope at each point.
Asthma after childhood pneumonia
Authors: J. Furness
Journal: BMJ (2000)

# Microbiological assessment is needed for accurate diagnosis of pneumonia {#article-title-2} EDITOR—Clark et al comment that “the cumulative prevalence of asthma after childhood pneumonia is high; therefore careful follow up is recommended to detect new cases.”1 I agree with this sentiment, but I do not believe that they have made an accurate diagnosis of pneumonia; they have not determined a microbiological cause. Without this, consolidation on chest radiography, together with fever and tachypnoea, might be confused with a viral exacerbation of asthma and the radiological features of mucous plugging. I believe that the authors have highlighted an important message: keep an open mind about radiological and clinical diagnoses of asthma versus pneumonia. I do not think that they have shown an association between pneumonia and asthma. 1. 1.↵1. Clark CE, 2. Coote JM, 3. Silver DAT, 4. Halpin DMG . Asthma after childhood pneumonia: six year follow up study. BMJ 2000; 320:1514–1516. [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] # Cumulative prevalence was not best statistic to use {#article-title-4} EDITOR—Clark et al found that of 131 children recruited into their study, 35 had symptoms of asthma or a diagnosis of asthma or received treatment for asthma during six years' follow up.1 This is presented as a cumulative prevalence of 45%, … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DClark%26rft.auinit1%253DC.%2BE%26rft.volume%253D320%26rft.issue%253D7248%26rft.spage%253D1514%26rft.epage%253D1516%26rft.atitle%253DAsthma%2Bafter%2Bchildhood%2Bpneumonia%253A%2Bsix%2Byear%2Bfollow%2Bup%2Bstudy%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.320.7248.1514%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10834897%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=320/7248/1514&atom=%2Fbmj%2F321%2F7271%2F1289.atom
Correlation of agar dilution and VITEK2 system for detection of resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and pristinamycin among Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis: association with genotypes
Authors: P. Bémer, M.-E. Juvin, S. Corvec, A. Ros, H. Drugeon
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2005)
Pooled analysis of twice-daily aclidinium bromide in COPD patients: Dyspnea and health status in the ACCORD-COPD I and ATTAIN trials
Authors: Paul Jones, Edward Kerwin, Eric Bateman, Rosa Lamarca, Cynthia Caracta, Esther Garcia Gil
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

INTRODUCTION:

Aclidinium is a novel, long-acting muscarinic antagonist in development for COPD treatment. Pooled analyses of dyspnea and health status data are shown here.

METHODS:

Patients (N=1389) were randomized (1:1:1) to aclidinium 200 μg, 400 μg or pbo BID for 12- and 24-weeks for the ACCORD and ATTAIN trials, respectively. Endpoints for both studies included TDI focal score, SGRQ total score and rescue medication use.

RESULTS:

The 200 μg and 400 μg groups showed statistically significant improvements from baseline to Week 12 in TDI focal score vs pbo (200 μg, 0.58, p<0.01; 400 μg, 0.92, p<0.0001), with numerically greater improvements seen with the higher dose. Clinically significant improvements (≥1-unit increase) in TDI at Week 12 were seen in a significantly higher proportion of patients in the 200 μg (51.3%, p=0.0001) and 400 μg (54.8%, p<0.0001) groups vs pbo (38.8%). Both doses resulted in statistically significant improvements from baseline to Week 12 in SGRQ total score vs pbo (200 μg, -5.10; 400 μg, -5.51, both p<0.0001). Clinically significant improvements (≥4-unit decrease) in SGRQ total score were seen in a significantly higher percentage of patients in the 200 μg (51.0%) and 400 μg (51.8%) groups (both p<0.001) vs pbo (38.1%) at Week 12. Both doses of aclidinium resulted in a significant reduction over pbo in daily rescue medication use (-0.6 puffs, 200 µg; -0.9 puffs, 400 µg; both p<0.005).

CONCLUSIONS:

Aclidinium 200 μg and 400 μg BID resulted in significantly more COPD patients who experienced clinically meaningful benefits in dyspnea and health status (>12% more in every case) as well as less rescue medication use versus placebo.