tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nine procaspases are expressed in normal human epidermis, but only caspase-14 is fully processed
Authors: A.-A. Raymond, M.-C. Méchin, R. Nachat, E. Toulza, R. Tazi-Ahnini, G. Serre, M. Simon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

During normal stratification of the epidermis, keratinocytes undergo a complex programme of terminal differentiation. This programmed cell death results in corneocyte accumulation to form the stratum corneum (SC). Terminal differentiation and apoptosis share numerous features such as elimination of nuclei and organelles, changes in cell shape, and activation of transglutaminases and proteases. Caspases are cysteine proteases that play a central role in apoptosis. Therefore they may also be involved in the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes.To identify the caspases expressed in normal human epidermis and to define their pattern of expression and activation.We analysed mRNAs from human epidermis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), skin cryosections by immunohistological methods, and epidermal protein extracts by Western blotting.The mRNAs encoding caspase-1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10 and -14 were detected by RT-PCR. Accordingly, the immunohistological analyses showed clear expression in the epidermis of the corresponding proteins except caspase-2 and caspase-8, with only a weak expression of caspase-9. Moreover, procaspase-1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -9, -10 and -14, and the fully processed caspase-14, were immunodetected in total epidermis extracts. However, only procaspase-1 and the processed caspase-14 were detected in extracts of superficial SC. In addition to these two proteins, procaspase-4 was detected in extracts of superficial SC obtained from lesional psoriatic skin.This study, the first exhaustive description of caspase expression and processing in normal human epidermis, indicates that in vivo granular keratinocytes express nine procaspases, and in addition the activated form of caspase-14. This confirms that only caspase-14 is involved in keratinocyte differentiation, and suggests that keratinocytes are ready to induce apoptosis in response to cutaneous damage.
TCT-680 Long Term Outcome of Patients With Bifurcated Lesions Randomized to Sirolimus or Everolimus Eluting Stent: The Sea-Corp BC Study
Authors: Francesco Burzotta, Pan Manuel, Trani Carlo, Medina Alfonso, Suàrez de Lezo Josè, Niccoli Giampaolo, Romero Miguel, Porto Italo, Mazuelos Francisco, Leone Antonio Maria, Martin Pedro, Valentina Coluccia, Suàrez de Lezo Javier, Ojeda Soledad, Crea Filippo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
EU prepares new guidelines for monitoring swine flu
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control is planning to issue new surveillance advice to national health authorities on the A/H1N1 influenza pandemic.

The guidelines, which were examined at a working group meeting at the Stockholm based centre on 14-15 July, update advice first issued last November and are expected to be implemented by the end of August.

Because the virus has spread, some countries have decided to extend through the summer their winter practice of monitoring seasonal influenza, whereby data are recorded for all …
Living and Dying With Cancer
Authors: Stephen P. Hersh
Journal: JAMA (1982)

An ever-increasing body of research documents the complex interactions among the physiological, psychological, and social aspects of man. Those interactions are by now so persuasively demonstrated that no physician practices responsible medical care without some informed attention to the psychological and social dimensions of his patients. Assisting in this process, yet another book on cancer has joined us. Six sections of varying length comprise the bulk of this volume. The first section presents, through two chapters, an overview of "Coping With Cancer." Chapter 1, by five contributors, is an unusually good review of the subject of stress management in cancer care. The next two sections of the book address themselves to somewhat more specific situations: cancer in children and adolescents and breast cancer in women. The five chapters in these sections are very good. The remaining sections are "Living With Cancer," "Dying With Cancer," and "Coping With the Cancer Patient."
Cough response to citric acid aerosol in occasional smokers.
Authors: J C Pounsford, K B Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Twenty two normal women volunteers underwent a standard cough provocation test by inhaling solutions of citric acid of progressively increasing concentration. Eight were non-smokers, eight moderate smokers, and six occasional smokers. All the non-smokers and moderate smokers coughed. Moderate smokers tended to cough more than non-smokers, but not significantly so. None of the occasional smokers coughed at all (p less than 0.001). Possibly the ability to smoke occasionally with enjoyment is a marker for a diminished cough reflex.
Preparation and 'Postparation'
Authors: R. W. Carton
Journal: JAMA (1982)

On our medical service in a large urban medical center, we have "floor attendings." These are physicians who review with the house staff and medical students the clinical problems on the general medical floors. The floor attendings may be subspecialists or general internists in private practice, and some feel anxious when asked to teach the entire range of internal medicine. To aid them, we have developed the techniques of preparation and "postparation." Patients enter our institution with relatively well-defined distributions of disease: 27% of admissions to the medical service are primarily for diseases of the circulatory system, 16% for neoplasms, 11% for diseases of the digestive system, and so on. Of patients with heart disease, 40% suffer from ischemic heart disease, the most common form of circulatory disorder. By preparing accordingly with core knowledge from colleagues and from textbooks, and with recent information from medical journals, our floor attendings are
Increased expression of the interleukin 1 receptor on blood neutrophils of humans with the sepsis syndrome.
Authors: M B Fasano, S Cousart, S Neal, C E McCall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Because of the potential importance of interleukin 1 (IL-1) in modulating inflammation and the observations that human blood neutrophils (PMN) express IL-1 receptors (IL-1R) and synthesize IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, we studied the IL-1R on blood PMN from a group of patients with the sepsis syndrome. We report a marked enhancement in the sites per cell of IL-1R expressed on sepsis-PMN of 25 consecutively studied patients compared to 20 controls (patient mean = 9,329 +/- 2,212 SE; control mean = 716 +/- 42 SE, respectively). There was no demonstrable difference in the Kd of IL-1R on sepsis-PMN (approximately 1 nM) as determined by saturation curves of 125I-IL-1 alpha binding and the IL-1R on sepsis-PMN had an apparent Mr approximately 68,000, a value like that of normal PMN. Cytofluorographic analysis indicated that the sepsis-PMN phenotype is a single homogeneous population with respect to IL-1R expression. In contrast, expression of the membrane complement receptor CR3 is not increased on sepsis-PMN. Similar increases in expression of IL-1R were not observed in various other inflammatory processes, including acute disseminated inflammation and organ failure not caused by infection, acute infection without organ failure, and immunopathologies such as active systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Enhanced expression of IL-1R was not related simply to the state of myeloid stimulation. Increased expression of IL-1R on normal PMN was induced in vitro by incubating cells with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage/colony-stimulating factor for 18 h and this response was inhibited by cycloheximide, suggesting the possibility that de novo synthesis of IL-1R might occur in PMN during the sepsis syndrome.
INTRAOPERATIVE EPICARDIAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOSIC MAPPING OF GANGLIONATED PLEXI FOR CONCOMITANT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION WITH A TEMPORARY PACEMAKER: INITIAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Yusuke Kondo, Marehiko Ueda, Toru Ishizaka, Goro Matsumiya, Yoshio Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Cotreatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) enhances imatinib-induced apoptosis of Bcr-Abl–positive human acute leukemia cells
Authors: Ramadevi Nimmanapalli, Lianne Fuino, Corinne Stobaugh, Victoria Richon, Kapil Bhalla
Journal: Blood (2003)
Osteoblastoma and Osteoid Osteoma
Authors: Alessio Imperiale, Thomas Moser, Dorra Ben-Sellem, Luc Mertz, Afshin Gangi, André Constantinesco
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Osteoblastoma (OB) and osteoid osteoma (OO) are benign bone-forming tumors frequently involving vertebrae and long bones of the extremities. Because of their similar histopathological features, distinction between OB and OO is mostly based on size criteria. CT and MRI represent the cornerstone of noninvasive diagnostic procedures, as they provide excellent morphologic details and often obviate the need for confirmatory biopsy. Bone scan is a complementary, highly sensitive functional technique particularly useful for detection of vertebral OO. F-18 FDG PET/CT could have potentiality in diagnosis and post therapeutic evaluation of patients with OB and OO. We report MRI and dynamic F-18 FDG PET/CT results obtained before radiofrequency or laser ablation from 3 patients with an OB of the right L5 pedicle, an OB of the left talus and an OO of the right acetabulum. Both patients with OB underwent posttherapeutic evaluation to confirm the effectiveness of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation.
Abstract 1379: Identification of global DNA methylation signatures in glioblastoma-derived cancer stem cells
Authors: Eun Joon Lee, Prakash Rath, Jimei Liu, Dungsheng Ryu, Alan Free, Lirong Pei, Douglas C Anthony, Suash Sharma, Mark D Kirk, John J. Laterra, Duck Hwan Ryu, Jeong-Hyeon Choi, Huidong Shi, Douglas C. Miller, N. Scott Litofsky, Qi Feng
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive brain tumor in adults. Its frequent recurrence after resection and dismal prognosis are thought to be due to a small population of stem-like tumor cells that efficiently propagate tumors and resist cytotoxic therapy. In this study, we performed an in depth analysis of the DNA methylation landscape in GBM-derived cancer stem cells (GSCs). Parallel comparisons of primary GBM tumors and GSC lines derived from these tumors with normal controls (a neural stem cell (NSC) line and normal brain tissue) identified two groups hyper- and hypomethylated of genes that display a trend of either increasing or decreasing methylation levels in the order of controls, primary GBMs, and their counterpart GSC lines, respectively. Interestingly, concurrent promoter hypermethylation and gene body hypomethylation were observed in a subset of genes including MGMT, AJAP1 and PTPRN2. These unique DNA methylation signatures were also be found in primary GBM-derived xenograft tumors suggesting that they were not tissue culture-related epigenetic changes. Integration of GSC-specific epigenetic signatures with gene expression analysis further identified candidate tumor suppressor genes that are frequently down regulated in GBMs such as SPINT2, NEFM, and PENK. The comparison between the NSC line and the normal brain tissue sample leads to the identification of a group of NSC-specific differentially methylated regions (nsDMRs). Cluster analysis using nsDMRs revealed the presence of stem cell-specific DNA methylation signatures in both primary GBM and GSC lines. Higher expression of genes associated with stem cell-specific DNA methylation signatures such as DNMT3A, STAT5A, CSTB, PMEPA1 and G6PD in GBM patients was found to be associated with poor patient survival. The results from this study demonstrate the utility of using cancer stem cell models for advancing understanding of the pathobiology of gliomas. Citation Format: Eun Joon Lee, Prakash Rath, Jimei Liu, Dungsheng Ryu, Alan Free, Lirong Pei, Douglas C Anthony, Suash Sharma, Mark D Kirk, John J. Laterra, Duck Hwan Ryu, Jeong-Hyeon Choi, Huidong Shi, Douglas C. Miller, N. Scott Litofsky, Qi Feng. Identification of global DNA methylation signatures in glioblastoma-derived cancer stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1379. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1379
Apple withdraws baby shaker game after complaints
Authors: R. Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a major inhibitor of fibrinolysis by virtue of its capacity to inhibit urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Systemic inflammation is invariably associated with elevated circulating levels of PAI-1, and during human sepsis plasma PAI-1 concentrations predict an unfavorable outcome. Knowledge about the functional role of PAI-1 in a systemic inflammatory response syndrome is highly limited. In this study, we determined the role of endogenous PAI-1 in cytokine release induced by administration of LPS or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Both LPS and SEB elicited secretion of PAI-1 into the circulation of normal wild-type (Wt) mice. Relative to Wt mice, PAI-1 gene-deficient (PAI-1<sup>−/−</sup>) mice demonstrated strongly elevated plasma IFN-γ concentrations after injection of either LPS or SEB. In addition, PAI-1<sup>−/−</sup> splenocytes released more IFN-γ after incubation with LPS or SEB than Wt splenocytes. Both PAI-1<sup>−/−</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells produced more IFN-γ upon stimulation with SEB. LPS-induced IFN-γ release in mice deficient for uPA, the uPA receptor, or tPA was not different from IFN-γ release in LPS-treated Wt mice. These results identify a novel function of PAI-1 during systemic inflammation, where endogenous PAI-1 serves to inhibit IFN-γ release by a mechanism that does not depend on its interaction with uPA/uPA receptor or tPA.
Effect of Board Certification on Antihypertensive Treatment Intensification in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alexander Turchin, Maria Shubina, Anna H. Chodos, Jonathan S. Einbinder, Merri L. Pendergrass
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Regular recertification is mandatory to maintain board certification status in all specialties. However, the evidence that physicians’ performance decreases with time since initial certification is limited. We therefore carried out a study to determine whether the frequency of antihypertensive treatment intensification for diabetic patients changes with time since their physicians’ last board certification. Methods and Results— In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed treatment of 8127 hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus treated by 301 internists at primary care practices affiliated with 2 large academic hospitals. Patient visits with documented blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg between January 1, 2000, and August 31, 2005, were studied. The association between the number of years since the physician’s last board certification and the probability of pharmacological antihypertensive treatment intensification at a given visit was analyzed. Frequency of treatment intensification decreased from 26.7% for physicians who were board certified the previous year to 6.9% for physicians who were board certified 31 years before the visit. Treatment intensification rate was 22.5% for physicians certified ≤10 years ago versus 16.9% for physicians last certified &gt;10 years ago ( P &lt;0.0001). Multivariable analysis adjusted for patient and visit characteristics and physician age showed that for every decade since the physician’s last board certification, the probability of treatment intensification decreased by 21.3% ( P =0.0097). Conclusion— Physician intensification of pharmacological therapy for blood pressure levels above the recommended treatment goals decreases with time since the last board certification. This finding supports the current policy of mandatory recertification.
Delayed-onset pachyonychia congenita associated with a novel mutation in the central 2B domain of keratin 16
Authors: J.B. Connors, A.K. Rahil, F.J.D. Smith, W.H.I. Mclean, L.M. Milstone
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

A young girl with clinical features of pachyonychia congenita type 1 was unusual in that the typical skin and nail changes were not noted until the age of 6 years. Direct sequencing of the KRT16A gene, encoding keratin K16, revealed a novel mutation K354N in the central 2B domain of the K16 polypeptide. The mutation created a new BsmI restriction site and therefore, the mutation was confirmed in the patient and excluded from both parents and 50 normal, unrelated individuals by BsmI digestion of KRT16A polymerase chain reaction products. This is the first time a mutation has been described in this location in a keratin other than K14, where similar mutations cause the milder Weber–Cockayne and/or Köbner types of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.
Guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate content of human umbilical artery.
Authors: R I Clyman, J A Sandler, V C Manganiello, M Vaughan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Human umbilical arteries are unique vessels in that they close quickly and completely at birth. It has been suggested that cyclic uanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) in relaxation. This hypothesis has been evaluated in term gestational human umbilical artery segments incubated at 37 degrees C and in room air. (a) The basal cGMP content (1 pmol/mg protein) of artery segments incubated in room air was almost twice that of cAMP. (b) Bradykinin, histamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and K+ ion, which cause umbilical artery constriction, can increase the cGMP content of the artery segments within 30 s of exposure without altering the cAMP content. (c) Prostaglandin E1, but not isoproterenol, caused accumulation of cAMP which is consistent with reports that umbilical arteries lack functional beta-receptors and that only prostaglandin E1 can bring about relaxation of umbilical arteries. (d) 1 muM atropine blocked the effect of 100 muM acetylcholine on cGMP content without altering the responses to histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, or K+ ion. (e) Pyrilamine (an H1 antagonist), but not metiamide (an H2 antagonist), blocked the effect of histamine on cGMP from which it is inferred that histamine causes accumulation of cGMP in umbilical artery via its interaction with H1 receptors. The results are consistent with the view that metabolism of the two cyclic nucleotides is independently controlled in the human umbilical artery and that cGMP is involved in contraction of the artery at birth.
The Long Journey to Health Equity
Authors: Timothy F. Brewer
Journal: JAMA (2004)

A passionate public debate regarding the  way to conduct clinical trials ethically in low income countries developed after studies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were initiated in Africa and Asia. Some of these studies had placebo-only treatment groups and generated concern after publication of the first US trial showing an effective way to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Even though this debate focused on research ethics the underlying problem was and remains differences in available levels of resources. The debate over medical research ethics in the context of vastly unequal health care resources served in important ways to focus public attention on research that uses placebos or unproven treatments when effective interventions exist. However a focus on the  way to conduct research in the midst of gross disparities in health care misses the more fundamental ethical imperative: how to achieve a more equitable distribution of health care and ensure that effective health care is brought to resource-poor countries as rapidly as possible. In this issue of JAMA articles by Kent and colleagues and Bulterys and colleagues include findings that are important to any effort to increase the speed and extent of implementation of effective life-saving and health-improving programs in low-income countries. Kent et al reviewed clinical trials of HIV treatment tuberculosis (TB) treatment and malaria prevention conducted in sub-Saharan Africa and published between 1998 and 2003 to see if the trials met best  standards of care. In particular they examined whether the studies met recommendations supported by the research literature global standards when guidelines had been promulgated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and national practice in high income countries such as the United States. All of the TB treatment trials reviewed met  current standards; however only a small percentage of HIV trials provided optimal care even in the intervention groups and 90% of the malaria prevention trials failed to offer acceptable prevention strategies in the control groups.  (excerpt)
Identification of an oncostatin M receptor mutation associated with familial primary cutaneous amyloidosis
Authors: P. Babilas, B.S. Fiebig, C. Aslanidis, J. Hansen, C. Röcken, J. Schroeder, G. Schmitz, B.H.F. Weber, M. Landthaler, T. Vogt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Identification of an oncostatin M receptor mutation associated with familial primary cutaneous amyloidosis Get access P. Babilas, P. Babilas Department of Dermatology E‐mail: philipp.babilas@klinik.uni‐regensburg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.S. Fiebig, B.S. Fiebig Institute of Human Genetics Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Aslanidis, C. Aslanidis Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Hansen, J. Hansen Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Röcken, C. Röcken Institute of Pathology, Kiel Christian‐Albrechts‐University, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Schroeder, J. Schroeder Institute of Pathology, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93042 Regensburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Schmitz, G. Schmitz Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.H.F. Weber, B.H.F. Weber Institute of Human Genetics Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Landthaler, M. Landthaler Department of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Vogt T. Vogt Department of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 4, 1 October 2009, Pages 944–947, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09237.x Published: 01 October 2009
1059-35 Echocardiographic characteristics of unrecognized myocardial infarctions in a population based study
Authors: Khawaja A Ammar, Saquib Samee, Lynn Urban, Ravindra Makwana, Douglas Mahoney, Jan A Kors, Margaret Redfield, Steve Jacobsen, Richard Rodeheffer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)