tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung Cancer in Louisiana: Death Certificate Analysis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M S Gottlieb, L W Pickle, W J Blot, J F Fraumeni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

In a search for etiologic clues, a review was made of death certificates of residents in a cluster of Louisiana parishes, mainly in the southern part of the state, where lung cancer mortality was high. A comparison of the statements on occupation for 3,327 patients with lung cancer and those of 3,327 controls (matched by sex, race, age, and parish of residence) during 1960-75 revealed an approximately twofold excess risk associated with transportation equipment manufacture, mainly shipbuilding, and the fishing industry. Smaller elevations of lung cancer risk were found among older men who had been employed in petroleum exploration and production and among male and female residents of towns where the petroleum industry was a major employer. In addition, Acadian ancestry was associated with a higher risk of lung cancer among older male and female residents.
Prevalence of obesity and sleep disordered breathing in a cohorts of 9 year old schoolchildren studied 13 years apart
Authors: Francesco Saverio Biagiarelli, Susy Martella, Luca Brasili, Anna Rita Mazzotta, Francesca Ruggeri, Annamaria Bozzone, Mario Barreto, Maria Pia Villa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in two different populations of Italian schoolchildren studied 13 years apart living in a country town of Central Italy (Ronciglione, VT).

RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Subjects were drawn from two populations, both non selected, of schoolchildren. Parents underwent to a 9-items sleep questionnaires investigating on SBD. We assessed measures of weight and height obtaining and using BMI values to assess obesity, with cut-off values proposed by the International Obesity Task Force.

RESULTS: Two cross sectional surveys were carried out on 177 students (males 82; mean age 9.65±0.61 years) in 1998 (group 1) and on 198 students (males 111; mean age 9.3±0.9 years) in 2011 (group 2) from elementary school without significative differences for age and sex between groups. The prevalence of obesity from 1998 to 2011 was significally increased (from 10.21% to 20.7%, p<0.0001). No statistically significance was found in SBD for snoring (from 8,5% to 9,1%), nocturnal awakenings (from 2,3% to 2,5%) and sleep apnea (from 5,6% to 6,1%). Only the oral breathing increased significantly (from 36,2% to 57,6,%, p<0,0001). In group 2 the percentage of snoring and sleep apnea were higher in obese children than in those without obesity (from 12.2% to 7.7% and from 12.2 to 4.6%, respectively) although not statistically significant.

DISCUSSION: The prevalence of obesity in young Italian children is very high, and it is rapidly growing. There is upward trend of SDB in the obese population while no statistically increments were showed in SBD in total population.
Differentiation of acute from chronic hepatitis C virus infection by nonstructural 5B deep sequencing: A population‐level tool for incidence estimation
Authors: Vincent Montoya, Andrea D. Olmstead, Naveed Z. Janjua, Patrick Tang, Jason Grebely, Darrel Cook, P. Richard Harrigan, Mel Krajden
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

The ability to classify acute versus chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections at the time of diagnosis is desirable to improve the quality of surveillance information. The aim of this study was to differentiate acute from chronic HCV infections utilizing deep sequencing. HCV nonstructural 5B (NS5B) amplicons (n = 94) were generated from 77 individuals (13 acute and 64 chronic HCV infections) in British Columbia, Canada, with documented seroconversion time frames. Amplicons were deep sequenced and HCV genomic diversity was measured by Shannon entropy (SE) and a single nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis. The relationship between each diversity measure and the estimated days since infection was assessed using linear mixed models, and the ability of each diversity measure to differentiate acute from chronic infections was assessed using generalized estimating equations. Both SE and the SNV diversity measures were significantly different for acute versus chronic infections ( P &lt; 0.009). NS5B nucleotide diversity continued to increase for at least 3 years postinfection. Among individuals with the least uncertainty with regard to duration of infection (n = 39), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was high (0.96 for SE; 0.98 for SNV). Although the AUROCs were lower (0.86 for SE; 0.80 for SNV) when data for all individuals were included, they remain sufficiently high for epidemiological purposes. Synonymous mutations were the primary discriminatory variable accounting for over 78% of the measured genetic diversity. Conclusions : NS5B sequence diversity assessed by deep sequencing can differentiate acute from chronic HCV infections and, with further validation, could become a powerful population‐level surveillance tool for incidence estimation. (H epatology 2015;61:1842–1850)
Clinical significance of bcl-2-MBR gene rearrangement and protein expression in diffuse large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: an analysis of 83 cases.
Authors: S C Tang, L Visser, B Hepperle, J Hanson, S Poppema
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of a rearrangement of the major breakpoint region of the bcl-2 gene and/or expression of bcl-2 protein in diffuse large-cell lymphomas of B-cell origin. PATIENTS AND METHODS All 83 patients diagnosed at the Cross Cancer Institute between 1987 and 1992 with malignant lymphoma (ML), diffuse large-cell ML non-cleaved-cell ML or cleaved-cell ML, or with diffuse large-cell immunoblastic ML were studied. bcl-2 rearrangement was identified by a polymerase chain reaction technique. This technique detects the approximately 60% of rearrangements involving the major breakpoint region bcl-2 gene (bcl-2-MBR). bcl-2 protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS More than 66% of the cases expressed bcl-2 protein, whereas 18% had a detectable bcl-2-MBR gene rearrangement. Overall, cases with bcl-2-MBR rearrangement had shorter disease-free periods. Cases with nodal and extranodal presentation had a similar frequencies of bcl-2-MBR rearrangement; however, the disease-free period of patients with extranodal presentation and bcl-2-MBR rearrangement was significantly shorter than that of those without rearrangement. CONCLUSION bcl-2 protein is frequently expressed in diffuse large-cell lymphomas, but does not influence prognosis. The bcl-2-MBR gene rearrangement may possibly be associated with a shorter disease-free period, particularly in the specific setting of a lymphoma with extranodal presentation.
Nrf2-dependent and -independent cytoprotective actions of the electrophilic Cox-2-derived 17-oxo-DHA in human macrophages
Authors: Chiara Cipollina, Serena Di Vincenzo, Stefania Gerbino, Liboria Siena, Mark Gjomarkaj, Elisabetta Pace
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

17-oxo-DHA is an electrophilic derivative of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid which is generated in activated macrophages by the action of ciclooxygenase-2.  Herein we investigated whether 17-oxo-DHA (i) induced the anti-oxidant response, (ii) modulated cigarette smoke-induced ROS generation, and (iii) suppressed LPS- and cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced TNFa production in macrophage-differentiated THP-1 cells and in primary human alveolar macrophages. We also investigated whether the actions promoted by 17-oxo-DHA were dependent on the activation of the Nrf2 pathway.  Results herein presented show that 17-oxo-DHA is a strong inducer of the Nrf2-dependent anti-oxidant response, and suppresses CSE-induced ROS generation and TNFa production. More interestingly, we demonstrated that while the anti-oxidant properties of 17-oxo-DHA depended on the induction of Nrf2, its anti-inflammatory effects were independent of Nrf2.  Overall, the presented results show that 17-oxo-DHA displays strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by acting via multiple Nrf2-dependent and independent pathways. The clinical relevance of these data is further enhanced by their validation in primary human alveolar macrophages.  Data herein presented strongly support the value of 17-oxo-DHA for the development of new therapeutic approaches for chronic diseases characterized by persistent inflammation and oxidative stress. In particular, the lack of effective therapeutic options for cigarette smoke-related airways chronic diseases urgently calls for the discovery of new drugs. In this respect, the endogenously generated 17-oxo-DHA stands as a promising lead compound.
Exhaled NO levels - A new tool in decision-making about antibiotic treatment
Authors: Natalja Voskresenska, Julija Voicehovska, Grigorij Orlikov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Exhaled Nitric oxide (eNO) appears to have a role in the inflammatory process. The pilot data show that there is increased NO production in pneumonia patient, being compared to lung infiltrate of congestion origin.  Objective. To measure and monitor eNO in the exhaled breath air in pneumonia patients beyond antibacterial treatment.  Materials and methods. Patients with lung infiltrate of inflammatory origin (pneumonia) are involved into the study. Exaled NO is being processed on the 1-st and on the 10-th and 14-th days from the beginning of the antibiotic treatment. The eNO level was measured by analyzer (Aerocrine).  Results. Pilot results concerns 25 clinically confirmed cases of pneumonia. Average baseline eNO was 19.86 ppb (p  After the appropriate antibiotic therapy (7 days) measurement of nitric oxide has been repeated - revealed declines in nitric oxide in 5 patients (from 45 ppb before treatment to 6 ppb after treatment). Clinical improvement was accompanied by a later positive radiological and clinical dynamics (resolution of infiltrates on X-ray, the normalization of the blood test).  In 2 patients with infectious pneumonia high levels of nitric oxide maintained (average 30 ppb). These patients course of antibiotic therapy was extended to 14 days. Decrease rate of nitric oxide in these two patients (average 30 ppb before treatment to 6 ppb after treatment, p  Conclusion. Exhaled Nitric oxide might be helpful to decide about duration of antibiotic therapy. Measurement and monitoring of eNO could be considered as a noninvasive marker, and may be a useful alternative for the assessment of pneumonia.
Gas exchange in health, lung disease and elite athletes: Diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide in children at rest and with exercise
Authors: Nicholas Fitzgerald, Brendan Kennedy, Dominic Fitzgerald, Hiran Selvadurai
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rationale  : Decreased DLCO after exercise is reported in adults. There is limited information for post exercise DLCO available in children.    Objectives  : [1] Test reproducibility of DLCO in children, [2] compare DLCO between elite athletic swimmers [AS], stable cystic fibrosis patients [CF] and controls [Con] at rest & [3] after a maximal treadmill exercise test.    Methods   :  55 subjects (10 – 18 years) performed spirometry & DLCO at baseline, a maximal treadmill exercise test & repeated DLCOs for 2 hours post exercise.    Results:   [1] The mean [SD] co-efficient of variation between baseline DLCO tests was 2.49% [1.86%]. There was a uniformity of variance as the mean baseline DLCO rises[r = -0.077; p=0.59]. [2] AS had significantly larger FEV1% & FVC% compared to both CF & Con groups [p    Conclusions :  DLCO is highly repeatable in children. AS have larger lung volumes, expiratory flows & an increased DLCO at rest compared to CF children & controls. Decline in post exercise DLCO & the pattern of change in DLCO after exercise is similar in children to adults.
New Zealand sports physiotherapy code of conduct
Authors: Lynley Anderson, Angela Cadogan, Michael Borich, Anthony Schneiders, Jeanne Snelling
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

The objective of the Sports Physiotherapy Code of Conduct (SPCC) is to provide a comprehensive set of guidelines for the professional behaviour expected of physiotherapists providing sports physiotherapy services.

The SPCC applies to any physiotherapist providing sports physiotherapy services, including immediate care, injury assessment and management, rehabilitation, exercise prescription, injury prevention or enhancement of sporting performance in individuals involved in any level of exercise or sport.

The SPCC acknowledges the varied work environments of a sports physiotherapist. Sports physiotherapists work in recreational sports and leisure industries, as physiotherapists working with athletes at all levels, within sporting organisations as a physiotherapy/medical coordinator, or in physiotherapy clinics.

A patient/client in this setting is the individual receiving sports physiotherapy services, or the group of people for whom the sports physiotherapist is contracted or otherwise engaged to provide sports physiotherapy services.

The same ethical principles that apply to the practice of all physiotherapists in New Zealand also apply to those physiotherapists who provide sports healthcare.

The Aotearoa New Zealand Physiotherapy Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct , produced by the New Zealand Physiotherapy Board (NZPB) and Physiotherapy New Zealand (PNZ), is the code for all physiotherapists in New Zealand (see http://www.physioboard.org.nz).

Aotearoa New Zealand Physiotherapy Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct

1.  Physiotherapists respect patients/clients and their whanau and families.

2.  Physiotherapists act to promote the health and well-being of the patient/client, while acknowledging, respecting and facilitating patient/client autonomy.

3.  Physiotherapists respect confidentiality, privacy and security of patient/client information.

4.  Physiotherapists treat people fairly.

5.  Physiotherapists practice in a safe, competent and accountable manner.

6.  Physiotherapists act with integrity in all dealings.

7.  Physiotherapists strive for excellence in physiotherapy standards.

8.  Physiotherapists communicate effectively and cooperate with colleagues, other health professionals and agencies for the benefit of their patients/clients and the wider community.

9.  Physiotherapists take responsibility to maintain their own health …
Perspectives on medicinal properties of plumbagin and its analogs
Authors: Subhash Padhye, Prasad Dandawate, Mujahid Yusufi, Aamir Ahmad, Fazlul H. Sarkar
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2010)

Abstract Plumbagin is one of the simplest plant secondary metabolite of three major phylogenic families viz. Plumbaginaceae , Droseraceae , and Ebenceae , and exhibits highly potent biological activities, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Recent investigations indicate that these activities arise mainly out of its ability to undergo redox cycling, generating reactive oxygen species and chelating trace metals in biological system. The compound is endowed with a property to inhibit the drug efflux mechanism in drug‐resistant bacteria, thereby allowing intracellular accumulation of the potent drug molecules. An interesting bioactivity exhibited by this compound is the elimination of stringent, conjugative, multidrug‐resistant plasmids from several bacterial strains including opportunistic bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii . Moreover, plumbagin effectively induces apoptosis and causes cell cycle arrest, which is, in part, due to the inactivation of NF‐κB in cancer cells. Therefore, it has been suggested that designing “hybrid drug molecules” of plumbagin by combining it with other appropriate anticancer agents may lead to the generation of novel and potent anticancer drugs with pleiotropic action against human cancers. This comprehensive review is an attempt to understand the chemistry of plumbagin and catalog its biological activities reported to date.
Results of the Destination Therapy Post-Food and Drug Administration Approval Study With a Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Ulrich P. Jorde, Sudhir S. Kushwaha, Antone J. Tatooles, Yoshifumi Naka, Geetha Bhat, James W. Long, Douglas A. Horstmanshof, Robert L. Kormos, Jeffrey J. Teuteberg, Mark S. Slaughter, Emma J. Birks, David J. Farrar, Soon J. Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Tumorigenicity of Human Malignant Melanocytes in Nude Mice in Relation to Their Differentiation In Vitro&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C Aubert, F Rougé, J R Galindo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Tumorigenicity of Human Malignant Melanocytes in Nude Mice in Relation to Their Differentiation In Vitro Get access C. Aubert, C. Aubert Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Rougé, F. Rougé Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. R. Galindo J. R. Galindo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 64, Issue 5, May 1980, Pages 1029–1040, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/64.5.1029 Published: 01 May 1980 Article history Received: 04 April 1979 Accepted: 02 October 1979 Published: 01 May 1980
Mechanisms of progressive glomerular injury in membranous nephropathy.
Authors: A Squarer, K V Lemley, S Ambalavanan, B Kristal, W M Deen, R Sibley, L Anderson, B D Myers
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

Glomerular function and structure were serially evaluated in 15 patients with membranous nephropathy who exhibited relapsing nephrosis and chronic depression of GFR. GFR declined from 56+/-8 (mean+/-SEM) at onset to 31+/-4 ml/min per 1.73 m2 after a 2- to 5-yr period of observation (P < 0.05). An analysis of filtration dynamics suggested persistent elevation of net ultrafiltration pressure. To examine a possible role for declining intrinsic glomerular filtration capacity as the basis for the observed hypofiltration, glomeruli in the baseline and a repeat biopsy (performed after a median of 28 mo) were subjected to morphometric analysis and mathematical modeling. Analysis of the baseline biopsy revealed a reduction in filtration slit frequency and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, lowering computed hydraulic permeability by 66% compared with normal kidney donors. In contrast, filtration surface area was increased by 37% as a result of glomerular hypertrophy. The repeat biopsy revealed persistent depression of hydraulic permeability, primarily owing to foot process broadening. An additional finding was a decrease in filtration surface area from baseline in patent glomeruli, possibly due to encroachment on the capillary lumen of an increasingly widened basement membrane. Also, a striking increase in the prevalence of global glomerulosclerosis from 7+/-2% to 23+/-4% was found between the two biopsies, suggesting a significant loss of functioning nephrons. It is concluded that hypofiltration in membranous nephropathy is the consequence of a biphasic loss of glomerular ultrafiltration capacity, initially owing to impaired hydraulic permeability that is later exacerbated by a superimposed loss of functioning glomeruli and of filtration surface area.
Improved local control of invasive bladder cancer by concurrent cisplatin and preoperative or definitive radiation. The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group.
Authors: C M Coppin, M K Gospodarowicz, K James, I F Tannock, B Zee, J Carson, J Pater, L D Sullivan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE A prospective randomized trial was conducted to determine whether the addition of concurrent cisplatin to preoperative or definitive radiation therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer improved local control or survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-nine eligible patients with T2 to T4b transitional cell bladder cancer participated, 64% with cT3b or cT4. Patients and their physicians selected either definitive radiotherapy or precystectomy radiotherapy; patients were then randomly allocated to receive intravenous cisplatin 100 mg/m2 at 2-week intervals for three cycles concurrent with pelvic radiation, or to receive radiation without chemotherapy. Patients were stratified by clinical tumor stage and by radiation plan. The median follow-up duration is 6.5 years. RESULTS The occurrence of distant metastases was the same in both study arms. However, 25 of 48 control patients have had a first recurrence in the pelvis, compared with 15 of 51 cisplatin-treated patients (P = .036). The pelvic relapse rate in the two groups was significantly reduced by concurrent cisplatin (P = .038, log-rank test) and this effect was preserved in a stepwise Cox regression model of prognostic factors (hazards ratio, 0.50; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.29 to 0.86; P = .036). The hazard reduction was similar for both radiation plans. Pretreatment leukocytosis and high clinical stage were independent adverse factors in a Cox model of overall survival, but the effect of cisplatin was not significant. CONCLUSION Concurrent cisplatin may improve pelvic control of locally advanced bladder cancer with preoperative or definitive radiation, but has not been shown to improve overall survival. The use of concurrent cisplatin had no detectable effect on distant metastases.
Has the Time Arrived for Biomarker-Directed Therapy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Mary-Ellen Taplin, Steven P. Balk
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

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Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics by CT Angiography Identify Coronary Lesions That Cause Ischemia
Authors: Hyung-Bok Park, Ran Heo, Bríain ó Hartaigh, Iksung Cho, Heidi Gransar, Ryo Nakazato, Jonathon Leipsic, G.B. John Mancini, Bon-Kwon Koo, Hiromasa Otake, Matthew J. Budoff, Daniel S. Berman, Andrejs Erglis, Hyuk-Jae Chang, James K. Min
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)