tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4272: Elimination of human lung cancer stem cells through targeting of the SCF-c-kit autocrine signaling loop
Authors: Vera V. Levina, Adele Marrangoni, Tingting Wang, Simul Parikh, Yunyun Su, Ronald Herberman, Anna Lokshin, Elieser Gorelik
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumor initiation and tumor regeneration after chemotherapy. Earlier we demonstrated that chemotherapy led to the selection of CSCs and that the high malignancy of lung CSCs was associated with an efficient cytokine network. Here we propose that blocking SCF-c-kit signaling will inhibit CSC proliferation and survival. CSCs were isolated from nonsmal cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines as tumor spheres under CSC-selective conditions, and their stem/progenitor properties were confirmed. A Cellomics ArrayScan HCS Reader was applied to test the cell surface markers, the intracellular protein distribution and cell proliferation. CSCs in contrast to bulk cells expressed high levels of c-kit receptors and produced SCF. Proliferation of CSCs was stimulated by exogenous SCF and was inhibited by antibodies neutralizing SCF and by imatinib (Gleevec), a specific inhibitor of c-kit. Cisplatin treatment eliminated major of bulk cells but not CSCs, whereas imatinib or anti-SCF antibody destroyed CSCs. In combination cisplatin and imatinib or anti-SCF antibody prevented growth of both tumor cell subpopulations. Our results elucidate the important role of SCF-c-kit signaling axis for the self-renewal and proliferation of lung CSCs. Blocking SCF-c-kit signaling by anti-SCF antibody or imatinib in combination with cisplatin could be more efficient in elimination of human tumor cells than each modality used separately. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4272.
Is yield pressure at the cardia increased by effective fundoplication?
Authors: R C McGouran, J M Galloway, F C Wells, O R Hendrie
Journal: Gut (1989)

Yield pressure at the cardia was measured before and after fundoplication in 10 patients; five had a Nissen fundoplication and five a Belsey mark IV procedure. Surgery was considered successful if oesophagitis healed or if 24 hour pH monitoring returned to normal. There was a marked rise in yield pressure in all eight patients with a successful operation. Yield pressure remained low in two patients in whom oesophagitis persisted.
Tropical fish aquariums. A source of Mycobacterium marinum infections resembling sporotrichosis
Authors: R. M. Adams
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Tropical fish aquariums are a possible, though uncommon, source for<i>Mycobacterium marinum</i>skin infections, which may assume the morphological pattern of sporotrichosis. We have observed three of six patients with this condition during the past two years. Shortly before onset, each patient experienced a minor abrasion on the hand, after which he cleaned an aquarium where many of the fish had recently died. Smear cultures of material obtained from the lesions revealed atypical acid-fast organisms, and in each case<i>M marinum</i>was identified. A smear culture from the fish tank of one patient showed<i>M marinum</i>, and acid-fast organisms were observed in the material we obtained from the tubing of the tank of another patient.
DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA STUDIED IN VIVO
Authors: J.C.W. Crawley, T.J. Crow, E.C. Johnstone, S.R.D. Oldland, F. Owen, D.G.C. Owens, M. Poulter, T. Smith, N. Veall, G.D. Zanelli
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Chronic spinal arachnoiditis.
Authors: R G Grainger
Journal: BMJ (1978)

in the Netherlands, issues about 8000 wheelchairs of all types annually, as part of the provisions within the handicap insurance bill.Poor comfort can be drawn from the fact that despite all efforts similar delays, of up to six months, occurred in Holland.In some cases delays were due to the too complicated administrative procedures, a source of much frustration.These are now brought down to a bare minimum, as fraud rarely occurs in these requests.On the other hand expectations are too high and not realistic.Most people believe that issuing a wheelchair is "just an over-thecounter business."In fact, the adequate fitting of a wheelchair is a laborious and time- consuming occupation.This point is poorly understood and rarely stressed.Outcries are therefore not always justified.Only strenuous efforts and large funds may shorten delivery times.
Research bodies try to strengthen the integrity of UK research
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Background/Aim: We evaluated factors associated with mortality among men with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: We used the National Cancer Database to identify men with breast cancer and evaluated factors associated with mortality, using a Cox regression model. Results: Black patients experienced an increased risk of death from any cause compared to white patients [hazard ratio (HR)=1.19, 95%CI=1.05-1.37]. Patients with government insurance had a greater risk of death compared to privately insured patients (HR=1.57, 95%CI=1.41-1.75). When compared to patients with an income of &gt;$46,000, those with an income &lt;$30,000 presented an increased risk of death (HR=1.35, 95%CI=1.14-1.60). Finally, patients treated at a comprehensive community cancer program (HR=1.129, 95%CI=1.021-1.248), community cancer program (HR=1.164, 95%CI=1.010-1.343), or integrated network cancer program (HR=1.216; 95%CI=1.056-1.401) experienced elevated risk of death compared to those treated at academic/research-programs. Conclusion: Race, insurance, income, education, and facility type are associated with the risk of mortality in male patients with breast cancer.
Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Pericardial Effusion
Authors: JEFFREY ROTHMAN, NORMAN E. CHASE, IRVIN I. KRICHEFF, RAFAEL MAYORAL, ELLIOTT R. BERANBAUM
Journal: Circulation (1967)

This study was undertaken to establish a method for diagnosing pericardial effusions quickly, simply, and accurately without danger to the patient. Ultrasound examination that was used in this study employed the B mode (cross-sectional representation) in which the vertical deflections of the A scan are turned on end and make a line of dots on the cathode ray tube. These, at the appropriate time, outline the anatomy including moving structures which are seen as wavy lines in the final picture and on the fluorescent oscilloscopic screen. Forty-three patients, 23 suspected of having pericardial effusion, were studied. The diagnosis usually was made on posterior examination and confirmed on anterior examination. Cardio-echograms are shown to provide an accurate, quick, simple method of diagnosing pericardial effusion that is accurate for use in estimating the size of the large effusions.
Sexually acquired reactive arthritis.
Authors: A C Keat, J T Scott, G Ridgway, R N Maini, G D Pegrum
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Aseptic arthritis associated with genital-tract infection is probably the commonest form of acute arthritis affecting young adult males in the western world. In the light of recent highly significant advances in the fields of genetics and microbiology this condition is also of prime importance as the archetype of a genetically determined disorder, which is precipitated by external environmental influences. As awareness of this form of arthritis increases, so the considerable breadth of the spectrum of clinical features is becoming apparent, with, in particular, increasing recognition of patients with mild disease and an excellent prognosis. This disorder is also being diagnosed more frequently in women. In recent years, the definitions and terms used to apply to this form of arthritis have come under close scrutiny and it is clear that no existing term satisfactorily describes the whole spectrum of disease presently recognised as resulting from urogenital or gastrointestinal infection, without infection being present in the joint. Consequently, a plethora of terms has been introduced; an attempt at rationalisation of terminology is presented below. We consider that the term ‘reactive arthritis’ most accurately describes this multifaceted disorder.
Geriatric Surgical Emergency
Authors: D. E. Bolt
Journal: BMJ (1960)

JSURNALmovements depends less upon the active efforts of the patient, and it is therefore more suitable in the elderly.The results of the operation m:ght be better if it were not so commonly applied to the grossly disabled patient.None of these operations will enable a patient to escape from hospital much before three months have elapsed.In the elderly, time is of the greatest importance, and any procedure which entails a shorter stay in hospital demands consideration.This is the merit of the replacement arthroplasty.It must be accepted, however, that no prosthetic replacement of the femoral head in the arthritic hip has yet been shown to give a durable, stable, painless joint.To some extent this must be due to a failure of materials and design.Mere replacement of the femoral head, however, cannot be expected to relieve all pain and restore all movement.It may, however, provide an acceptable compromise between the disadvantages of the stiff hip and the perils of the formal arthroplasty.These patients were under the care of Mr. J. S.
A Case of Excision of the Pylorus: Death in Four Days
Authors: J. Coats, A. E. Maylard
Journal: BMJ (1886)

He complained of great weakness, emaciation, pain, and frequent vomiting.The history went back for a period of two years, during which time these symptoms had been more or less present, although, latterly, the frequency of the vomiting had rather diminished.The emaciation, on admission, was very great; and, in spite of treatment, he still lost flesh, his weight falling from 7st. 4 lbs.to 7st.1J lbs. in a week.A very obvious tumour was discovered on palpation of the abdomen, and it was also discovered, by palpation and perncussion, that the stomach was moderately dilated.The tumour was somewhat in the form of a cylinder, placed transversely, two inches above, and slightly to the left of, the umbilicus.Examined day after day, it was obvious that the tumour shifted its position, being sometimes firther to the left than at other times.It was, at all times, some- .whatfreely movable from above downwards.There could be little doubt that this was a case of cancer of the pyloric region of the stomach, and that the affected portion of the stomach was practically free from adhesions.It occurred to Dr.Coats, therefore, that if excision of the pylorus is a justifiable opera- tion, this was a favourable case for it.
The Cooked Meat–Derived Genotoxic Carcinogen 2-Amino-3-Methylimidazo[4,5-<i>b</i>]Pyridine Has Potent Hormone-Like Activity: Mechanistic Support for a Role in Breast Cancer
Authors: Sandra N. Lauber, Nigel J. Gooderham
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The cooked meat–derived heterocyclic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is activated by CYP1A2 to the N-hydroxy metabolite, then esterified by acetyl transferase and sulfur transferase into unstable DNA-reactive products that can lead to mutation. The genotoxicity of PhIP has been implicated in its carcinogenicity. Yet, CYP1A2-null mice are still prone to PhIP-mediated cancer, inferring that alternative mechanisms must be operative in tumor induction. PhIP induces tumors of the breast, prostate, and colon in rats and lymphoma in mice. This profile of carcinogenicity is indicative of hormonal involvement. We recently reported that PhIP has potent estrogenic activity inducing transcription of estrogen (E2)-regulated genes, proliferation of E2-dependent cells, up-regulation of progesterone receptor, and stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. In this report, we show for the first time that PhIP at doses as low as of 10−11 mol/L has direct effects on a rat pituitary lactotroph model (GH3 cells) and is able to induce cell proliferation and the synthesis and secretion of prolactin. This PhIP-induced pituitary cell proliferation and synthesis and secretion of prolactin can be attenuated by an estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitor, implying that PhIP effects on lactotroph responses are ERα mediated. In view of the strong association between estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and breast cancer, the PhIP repertoire of hormone-like activities provides further mechanistic support for the tissue-specific carcinogenicity of the chemical. Furthermore, the recent epidemiology studies that report an association between consumption of cooked red meat and premenopausal and postmenopausal human breast cancer are consonant with these observations. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9597–602]
Regulating a uniter: control of mitofusin 2 expression
Authors: A. A. Knowlton, L. Chen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

This editorial refers to ‘The promoter activity of human Mfn2 depends on Sp1 in vascular smooth muscle cells’ by E. Sorianello et al. , pp. 38–47, this issue. 

Sorianello et al. 1 provide important new information on the regulation on mitofusin (Mfn)2 expression. Mitochondrial fission and fusion were first described in yeast in the 1990s and found to be processes that are essential to maintain healthy mitochondria. Key findings from this work include that mitochondria continuously divide and fuse (fission and fusion), that fission and fusion are essential to maintain mitochondrial health (although the exact reason for this is a subject of debate), and that mitochondria exist as interconnected networks.2 Fission and fusion occur as frequently as every 2min in yeast, but are thought to occur much more slowly in mammalian cells, taking hours or longer.3,4 There initially had been scepticism that the mitochondria in the highly organized and densely packed cardiac myocyte would be able to undergo fission and fusion, but it is becoming clear that fission and fusion are important processes in all cells.5,6

It is increasingly evident that abnormal fission and fusion contribute to cardiovascular disease.7 OPA1 has been found to be decreased in ischaemic cardiomyopathy, while Mfn1/2 were increased …
HUP 2,3,4
Authors: Anne E. Hills
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Ad Libitum5 March 2002HUP 2,3,4Anne E. HillsAnne E. HillsBethlehem, PA 18018 (Hills)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-5-200203050-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The peep-peep-peep from the hallwayis not a fluffy chick, under incubator,but some measure of infusion or rhythmholding the line between earth and heaven's reward (so, is earth a punishment?).The hiss of air from the room vents is its accompanimentnever skipping a beat, supporting the concerto with soothing constancy.I have been here through far too many movements with not a break for applause.Across the street, Franklin Field stands guard under the overly moist skies.Graduation day.Wet, black gowns marking an end and beginning.The cheering section went home before visiting hours were over.Medicine is as relentless as loneliness.Now, the darkness and I ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethlehem, PA 18018 (Hills)Current Author Address: Anne E. Hills, 360 16th Avenue, Bethlehem, PA 18018. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 March 2002Volume 136, Issue 5Page: 409 ePublished: 5 March 2002 Issue Published: 5 March 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 671: Triggering of CD99 induces apoptosis of Ewing's sarcoma cells through activation of p53 functions
Authors: Clara Guerzoni, Mario Terracciano, Maria Cristina Manara, Piero Picci, Katia Scotlandi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract CD99 is a transmembrane 32 KDa protein, whose expression is constantly associated to Ewing's Sarcomas Family of Tumors (EWSFT), a class of child bone tumors with particular poor prognosis. The monoclonal antibody 0662, raised against CD99, triggers massive and rapid cell death of Ewing Sarcoma's cells in vitro and in vivo, through a non-canonical, non caspase-dependent apoptosis. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, we evaluated by phosphor- and micro-arrays specific pathways triggered by CD99 engagement in 6647 Ewing Sarcoma cell line. Despite its role in physiological and cancer scenery has not been yet fully elucidated, CD99 appears to be sufficient to modulate many important processes involved in: I) adhesion; II) migration and metastasis; III) cell-cycle regulation and cell signaling; IV) apoptosis and death receptor signaling. These data are consistent with our previous analysis of 0662 effects in vivo and in vitro: anti-CD99 monoclonal antibody triggers, indeed, homotypic aggregation and a rapid death response of ES cells, thus resulting in growth inhibition and reduced metastatic/colony-forming potential. As pointed out by array studies and subsequent western blotting validations, upon 0662 treatment, the oncosuppressor protein p53 appears to be readily activated by phosphorilation on serine 15. We therefore evaluated p53 and MDM2 activation and sub-cellular localization upon CD99 engagement both in p53 WT (LAP35 and WE68) or mutated (6647 and TC-71) cell lines: WT (LAP35 and WE68) or mis-sense point mutated p53 (6647: S241F) cell lines display a higher sensitivity to 0662 if compared to p53 truncated cell lines (TC71). Consistently we demonstrated that whereas 0662 readily induces p53 canonical targets (p21, BAX) in p53 expressing cell lines, no increase in p21 levels is detectable in TC71 p53TRUNC cells. We also demonstrated that, upon 0662 treatment, decreased or delocalized MDM2 levels may account both for p53 activation and sustained IGF-IR signaling, since both p53 and IGF1-Rß are targeted by the ubiquitine ligase for degradation. Since most Ewing Sarcoma patients display unmodified p53 status, its functional inactivation -e.g. through MDM2/MDM4 overexpression- may account for gained tumor aggressiveness, or progressed disease. Nonetheless, involvement of TP53 might give reason for higher effectiveness we reported against local tumors and metastases in the combined employment of CD99 monoclonal antibodies with Doxorubicin and may support 0662 mAb treatment in association with other drugs targeting e.g. the p53 regulators MDM2-MDM4. (grants from EU project Eurobonet and Italian Association for Cancer Research) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 671.
Somatostatin and somatostatin analogues: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects.
Authors: A G Harris
Journal: Gut (1994)

Somatostatin is a 14 amino acid peptide that inhibits pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretion. Its clinical application has been limited by its very short half life, necessitating continuous intravenous infusion. Octreotide is an 8 amino acid synthetic analogue of somatostatin that possesses similar pharmacological effects. It has a much longer duration of action, however, and can be given subcutaneously. Both the intravenous and subcutaneous routes of injection of octreotide are well tolerated. Peak serum concentrations occur within 30 minutes after subcutaneous administration and within four minutes of a three minute intravenous infusion. Serum concentration increases linearly with dose. Octreotide is distributed rapidly, mainly in the plasma, where it is 65% protein bound. The elimination half life is about 1.5 hours and about 32% of a subcutaneous dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged octreotide. Octreotide inhibits gastroenteropancreatic secretion, especially of insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and gastrin. It also inhibits both release of thyroid stimulating hormone and growth hormone secretion in response to exercise, insulin induced hypoglycaemia, and argenine stimulation. Octreotide reduces splanchnic blood flow in healthy volunteers and hepatic venous pressure in cirrhotic patients. It can accelerate or delay gastric emptying, prolong transit time at moderate to high doses, stimulate motility at low doses, and inhibit gall bladder emptying. Octreotide considerably inhibits pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion and significantly diminishes exocrine pancreatic function (amylase, trypsin, lipase). Octreotide increases intestinal transit time and decreases endogenous fluid secretion in the jejunum and ileum, thus increasing the absorption of water and electrolytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ASSOCIATION OF LEFT ATRIAL REMODELING WITH INFARCT SIZE AND CLINICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TREATED WITH PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Kasper Kyhl, Niels Vejlstrup, Jacob Lönborg, Marek Treiman, Steffen Helqvist, Henning Kelbæk, Lene Holmvang, Erik Jørgensen, Kari Saunamäki, Helle Søholm, Mads J. Andersen, Jacob E. Møller, Peter Clemmensen, Thomas Engstrøm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A Prospective Study of Infants Born to Women Seropositive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Authors: S Blanche, C Rouzioux, M L Moscato, F Veber, M J Mayaux, C Jacomet, J Tricoire, A Deville, M Vial, G Firtion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Assessment of the risks of transmission of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from mother to newborn is difficult, partly because of the persistence for up to a year of maternal antibodies transmitted passively to the infant. To determine the frequency of perinatal transmission of HIV infection, we studied from birth 308 infants born to seropositive women, 62 percent of whom were intravenous drug abusers. Of 117 infants evaluated 18 months after birth, 32 (27 percent) were seropositive for HIV or had died of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (n = 6); of the 32, only 2 remained asymptomatic. Another 76 infants (65 percent) were seronegative and free of symptoms, whereas 9 (8 percent) were seronegative but had symptoms suggestive of HIV-1 infection. The infants infected with HIV-1 did not differ from the others at birth with respect to weight, height, head circumference, or rate of malformations, but as compared with newborns who were seronegative at 18 months, their serum IgM levels were higher (78±81 mg per deciliter vs. 38±39 mg per deciliter; P<0.03) and their CD4 lymphocyte counts were lower (2054±1221 per cubic millimeter vs. 2901±1195 per cubic millimeter; P<0.006). Neither maternal risk factors nor the route of delivery was a predictor of seropositivity at 18 months; however, 5 of the 6 infants who were breast-fed became seropositive, as compared with 25 of 99 who were not (P<0.01). We conclude that approximately one third of the infants born to seropositive mothers will have evidence of HIV-1 infection or of AIDS by the age of 18 months, and that about one fifth of this group will have died. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:1643–8.)
Clinical trials update from the European Society of Cardiology Meeting 2009: AAA, RELY, PROTECT, ACTIVE‐I, European CRT survey, German pre‐SCD II registry, and MADIT‐CRT
Authors: John G.F. Cleland, Alison P. Coletta, Ashraf Yassin, Laszlo Buga, Azam Torabi, Andrew L. Clark
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)