tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alpha-2 interferon therapy of hairy-cell leukemia: a multicenter study of 64 patients.
Authors: H M Golomb, A Jacobs, A Fefer, H Ozer, J Thompson, C Portlock, M Ratain, D Golde, J Vardiman, J S Burke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Sixty-four patients with hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) (61 had undergone prior splenectomy) were treated with alpha-2 interferon (Intron A, Schering Corp, Kenilworth, NJ) subcutaneously three times per week at a dosage of 2 X 10(6) U/m2. Three patients (5%) demonstrated a complete response (CR) with apparent eradication of hairy cells from the bone marrow, 45 patients (70%) showed a partial response (PR) defined as normalization of all three blood counts associated with decreased involvement in the bone marrow, and nine patients (14%) showed a minor response that included improvement in at least one blood count. Three patients had no response, three patients died before completing 1 month of therapy, and one patient refused further therapy after 1 month of therapy. The median platelet count returned to normal by the second month of treatment. The median hemoglobin returned to greater than 12 mg/dL by the fourth month of treatment, and the median granulocyte count to greater than 1,500/mu by the fifth month of treatment. Bone marrow biopsy analysis during interferon therapy demonstrated a decrease in median hairy-cell index by more than half. Transfusion of both RBCs and platelets were decreased within 4 months of initiating treatment. Serious infections, which averaged four per month in 16 of the 64 patients before interferon therapy, were rarely observed after the first month of treatment. Treatment-induced toxicity was mild, consisting primarily of influenza-like symptoms, fatigue, and minor skin disorders. Alpha-2 interferon therapy is highly effective in reversing the course of progressive HCL and should be considered the treatment of choice for a minimum of 12 months in patients who have progressive disease post-splenectomy.
Geographical variation in serological responses to recombinant Pneumocystis jirovecii major surface glycoprotein antigens
Authors: K. Daly, J. Koch, N. Respaldiza, C. de la Horra, M.A. Montes-Cano, F.J. Medrano, J.M. Varela, E.J. Calderon, P.D. Walzer
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Treatment of anaplastic Wilms tumor: A report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group
Authors: J. S. Dome, D. M. Green, C. A. Cotton, N. E. Breslow, E. J. Perlman, J. Miser, M. L. Ritchey, R. Shamberger, P. R. M. Thomas, P. E. Grundy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

8508 Background: The prognosis for children with anaplastic Wilms tumor (AWT) is poorer than that for children with favorable histology Wilms tumor. An objective of the fifth National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS-5) was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment regimens for AWT. Methods: Prospective single-arm studies were conducted between August 1995 and June 2002. Patients with stage I AWT were treated with Regimen EE-4A (vincristine/dactinomycin x 18 weeks). Patients with stages II-IV focal anaplasia (FA) were treated with Regimen DD-4A (vincristine/dactinomycin/doxorubicin x 24 weeks and XRT). Patients with stages II-IV diffuse anaplasia (DA) were treated with Regimen I (vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide alternating with cyclophosphamide/etoposide x 24 weeks and XRT). Results: 282 patients with AWT enrolled on NWTS-5. 79 of these patients had major protocol violations, mostly consisting of late regimen changes due to revision of histologic subtype after central pathology review. Among the 203 patients who received appropriate therapy, event-free survival (EFS) at 4 years was 60.0% (95% CI 52.7, 66.6) and overall survival (OS) at 4 years was 65.9% (95% CI 58.7, 72.1). The outcomes for specific patient subgroups are summarized below. Conclusion: Novel treatment strategies are warranted to improve EFS and OS for patients with AWT. Author Disclosure Total # Patients # Events EFS at 4 years (95% CI) # Deaths OS at 4 years (95% CI) Focal Anaplasia 51 12 74.9 (59.9,85.0) 8 82.4 (67.6,90.8) Diffuse Anaplasia 152 66 55.1 (46.6,62.8) 60 60.5 (52.1,67.9) Stage I 29 8 69.5 (46.9,84.0) 5 82.6 (63.1,92.4) Stage II 28 5 82.1 (62.3,92.1) 5 81.2 (60.3,91.7) Stage III-immediate nephrectomy 51 16 68.3 (53.6,79.3) 14 72.0 (57.3,82.4) Stage III-preoperative chemotherapy 25 10 58.0 (36.0,74.8) 9 61.7 (39.1,78.0) Stage IV-immediate nephrectomy 16 10 37.5 (15.4,59.8) 10 37.5 (15.4,59.8) Stage IV-preoperative chemotherapy 25 14 42.7 (23.1,61.0) 12 53.2 (31.2,71.1) Stage V (bilateral) 29 15 43.8 (24.2,61.8) 13 55.2 (34.8,71.7) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Lymphocyte Plasma Membranes. VI. Surface Antigens of Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia2
Authors: B. Zimmerman, M. L. Chapman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Surface antigens from lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and from normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were examined by radioimmunoassay; antisera to lymphocytes (ALS) were used to bind the labeled antigens. Cells from patients with CLL, normal PBL, thymus cells (THY), and cultured human lymphoblasts (CHL) were labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination. ALS (prepared against THY and CHL) were used to bind the labeled antigens solubilized in nonionic detergent. PBL resembled THY, but the CLL resembled CHL. Thus ALS(CHL) had greater potency for CLL antigens than for PBL antigens when compared to ALS(THY). Furthermore, the electrophoretic profiles of the immunoprecipitates from CLL cells revealed a peak of approximately 30,000-35,000 mol wt, which was not found for PBL or THY, but was associated with CHL.
Polymorphism of HLA-G gene promotor in patients with non small cell lung cancer
Authors: Aneta Kowal, Andrzej Wisniewski, Piotr Kusnierczyk, Renata Jankowska
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: HLA-G is a nonclassical MHC class I molecule which is expressed only in immunoprivileged tissues. HLA-G expression on cancer cells makes them resistant to cytotoxicity of NK cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes T. The HLA-G gene polymorphism is very limited.  Aims: The aim of the study was to establish the role of  HLA-G  gene polymorphism in patients with non small cell lung cancer. We analised two single nucleotide polimorphisms (SNP) in the promotor region of HLA-G gene: -725C>G>T and -716T>G.  Methods: 143 patients with diagnosis of non small cell lung cancer were enroled to the study. Blood samples were collected before any oncological therapies. The TGGE method (temperature gradient gel electrophoresis) was used to obtain different band patterns of the HLA-G gene promoter fragment. We observed the answer to the treatment and the course of the disease.  Results: All genotyped SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrum. We didn9t prove a relationship between the genotype -725C>G>T or -716T>G and the risk of lung cancer compared to heatlhy volunteers. There was no connection between the two SNPs and the survival time or the histological type of cancer. Although there was no impact of the examined genotypes on the T feature, we found the association of genotype -725C>G>T and the range of lymph nodes metastases (N feature). We noticed also a tendency to worse answer to therapy patients with more C allels in -725 position and patients with more T allels in -716 position.  Conclusions: In our study we couldn9t prove the relationship between the examined SNPs and the course of the disease because of too small patient samples but this need to be examined as different trends were shown.
Abstract 18156: Donor Specific Alloantibodies to HLA II Antigens Result in Accelerated Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy Assessed by 3d Volumetric Ivus
Authors: yan topilsky, Manish J Gandhi, Tal Hasin, Eugenia Raichlin, Barry A Boilson, John A Schirger, Brooks S Edwards, Alfredo L Clavell, Richard J Rodeheffer, Robert P Frantz, Lyle Joyce, Soon J Park, Richard C Daly, Amir Lerman, Sudhir S Kushwaha, Naveen L Pereira
Journal: Circulation (2011)

BACKGROUND: The immunologic risk associated with preformed donor-specific allo-antibodies (DSA) against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in heart transplant (HTX) recipients is unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate potential role of DSA on the progression of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in HTX recipients. METHODS: The presence of DSA against HLA was evaluated using solid phase Single Antigen Bead assay (One Lambda, Inc., Canoga Park, CA; Luminex platform) before transplant in 35 HTX recipients. Using alloantibody specification analysis, 11% (4/35) and 20% (7/35) had DSA against donor Class I and II HLA respectively including the one patient who had both (DSA I &amp; II+) . 71% (25/35) of patients had no demonstrable DSA (DSA-). All patients had negative cytotoxicity cross match. Baseline three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound studies (3D IVUS) were performed at 1.0 [0.18, 1.4] year after transplant. Follow up 3D IVUS exams were performed 0.92 [0.85, 1.04] years after the baseline exam. RESULTS: The increase in mean plaque (media and intima) volume (PV) was accelerated in the DSA II+ group as compared to the DSA- group (0.87±1.9 mm (3)/mm vs. 0.16±1.8 mm (3)/mm) but the vessel volume index (follow up vessel volume/ baseline vessel volume) was similar between groups (1.08±0.5 vs. 1.09± 0.4; p=0.9). Plaque index (PI) (PV/vessel volume x 100 [%]) increased significantly in the DSA II+ group (17.9±6.3%) but not in the DSA- group (-13.6±13.2%, P=0.02). None of these values were significant in the DSA I+ only group. Treatment with Sirolimus did not affect PI progression between the DSA II+ and DSA- groups (PI progression: 15.9±8.7% vs. -11.7±7.1%, P=0.03). Age, gender, lipid and uric acid levels, prevalence of diabetes, ischemic time, time between IVUS examinations, the use of steroids, mycophenolate vs. azathioprine or calcineurin inhibitors vs. sirolimus were not different between the groups (P&gt;0.4 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Heart transplant recipients with clearly defined anti-Class II DSA are at risk for accelerated cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Whether interventions to minimize the risk of DSA such as virtual crossmatch, desensitization and complement inhibition will retard CAV remains to be proven.
Low dose vs high dose talc pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Ravi Shekhar Jha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Role of talc in pleurodesis for recurrent pleural effusion is very well defined. In developing countries like India, talc is still the cheaper and commonly used pleurodesis agent. However, it has been known to be associated with a lot of morbidity including ARDS. Common morbidities include fever, chest pain, nausea and vomiting.The aim of this study was to see the effectiveness of low dose talc pleurodesis, and to evaluate if low dose talc is associated with lesser complications.   Method:  24 adult patients of malignant pleural effusion were included in the study. Patients were divided in two groups. In group A (n=10), 5 gm of talc was used while in group B (n=14), pleurodesis was done with 10 gm of talc. Equal amount of xylocaine and normal saline was used in both the groups. Standard method for pleurodesis was followed. Close observation was done for next 48 hours, and after that patients were followed every week till 6 weeks.   Results:  Immediate complication in terms of fever, chest pain and nausea was seen in 40% (n=4) patients of group A where 5 gm of talc was used. When these patients were followed up for next 6 weeks, 30% (n=3) of patients showed recurrence of effusion, and required repeated thoracocentesis. In group B, 64% (n=9) patients developed immediate complications in terms of high grade fever, and vomiting. However, in group B also, 36% (n=5) patients showed recurrence of pleural effusion and required repeated thoracocentesis. ARDS was not seen in either group.   Conclusion:  Talc pleurodesis with lower dose of 5 gm is associated with lesser number of complications and is equally effective as with 10 gm of talc.
Topical corticosteroid phobia in patients with atopic eczema
Authors: C.R. Charman, A.D. Morris, H.C. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Topical corticosteroid phobia in patients with atopic eczema Get access C.R. Charman, C.R. Charman Department of Dermatology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K. C.R.Charman. E‐mail: carolyn.charman@nottingham.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.D. Morris, A.D. Morris Department of Dermatology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.C. Williams H.C. Williams Department of Dermatology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 142, Issue 5, 1 May 2000, Pages 931–936, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03473.x Published: 01 May 2000
Evolution of antibiotic resistance genes: the DNA sequence of a kanamycin resistance gene from Staphylococcus aureus.
Authors: G S Gray, W M Fitch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1984)

The kanamycin resistance gene from Staphylococcus aureus has been sequenced and its structure compared with similar genes isolated from Streptomyces fradiae and from two transposons, Tn5 and Tn903, originally isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium, respectively. The genes are all homologous but, since their common ancestor, have undergone extensive divergence, with more than 43% divergence between the closest pair. The phylogeny of the genes cannot be made congruent to the phylogeny of the taxa from which they were isolated without requiring rather improbable differences in rates. One is therefore led to conclude that there have been multiple occurrences of gene transfer between these species. Thus, although they are homologous, they are neither orthologous nor paralogous. It is suggested that homologous genes of this type be called xenologous.
Alternative and complementary therapy use in pediatric oncology patients in British Columbia: prevalence and reasons for use and nonuse.
Authors: C V Fernandez, C A Stutzer, L MacWilliam, C Fryer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE Alternative and complementary therapies are infrequently studied in pediatric populations. We performed a population-based survey to aid health care workers in identifying and counseling parents who may use these remedies. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively surveyed the parents of 583 pediatric patients diagnosed with cancer in British Columbia between 1989 and 1995. Prevalence and factors that influence the use and nonuse of alternative and complementary therapies were estimated. RESULTS Alternative and complementary therapies were used by 42% of 366 respondents. Herbal teas, plant extracts, and therapeutic vitamins were the most commonly used alternative therapies. Relaxation/imagery strategies, massage, and therapeutic touch were the most commonly used complementary techniques. Factors that influenced the use of alternative/complementary therapies were prior use (chi2 = 60.0, P &lt; .0001), prior positive attitude towards these remedies (chi2 = 41.6, P &lt; .0001), soliciting information from family and friends (chi2 = 70.5, P &lt; .0001) or from alternative care givers (chi2 = 58.7, P &lt; .0001), high risk of death at diagnosis (chi2 = 9.6, P &lt; .002), and advanced education of the father (chi2 = 7.4, P &lt; .006) or mother (chi2 = 8.6, P &lt; .003). Parents who used alternative/complementary therapies did so in conjunction with conventional medicine (98%). Lack of knowledge and fear of interference with conventional therapies were the most common reasons cited for nonuse. No parent believed that the quality of life of their child deteriorated due to the use of alternative/complementary therapies. CONCLUSION Alternative and complementary therapy use in pediatric oncology patients is common. Factors have been identified that may be associated with undertaking their use.
Characterisation of mutations of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit, PIK3R2, in perisylvian polymicrogyria: a next-generation sequencing study
Authors: Ghayda M Mirzaa, Valerio Conti, Andrew E Timms, Christopher D Smyser, Sarah Ahmed, Melissa Carter, Sarah Barnett, Robert B Hufnagel, Amy Goldstein, Yoko Narumi-Kishimoto, Carissa Olds, Sarah Collins, Kathreen Johnston, Jean-François Deleuze, Patrick Nitschké, Kathryn Friend, Catharine Harris, Allison Goetsch, Beth Martin, Evan August Boyle, Elena Parrini, Davide Mei, Lorenzo Tattini, Anne Slavotinek, Ed Blair, Christopher Barnett, Jay Shendure, Jamel Chelly, William B Dobyns, Renzo Guerrini
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2015)
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 isoforms: Novel therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma?
Authors: Jakob Paur, Lisa Nika, Christiane Maier, Alexander Moscu‐Gregor, Julia Kostka, Daniela Huber, Thomas Mohr, Petra Heffeter, Waltraud C. Schrottmaier, Sonja Kappel, Daniela Kandioler, Klaus Holzmann, Brigitte Marian, Walter Berger, Michael Grusch, Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are frequently up‐regulated in subsets of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we provide mechanistic insight that FGFR3 splice variants IIIb and IIIc impact considerably on the malignant phenotype of HCC cells. The occurrence of FGFR3 variants was analyzed in human HCC samples. In hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cell lines, FGFR3 isoforms were overexpressed by lentiviral constructs or down‐modulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA; affecting FGFR3‐IIIb and ‐IIIc) or an adenoviral kinase‐dead FGFR3‐IIIc construct (kdFGFR3). Elevated levels of FGFR3‐IIIb and/or ‐IIIc were found in 53% of HCC cases. FGFR3‐IIIb overexpression occurred significantly more often in primary tumors of large (pT2‐4) than of small size (pT1). Furthermore, one or both isoforms were enhanced mostly in cases with early tumor infiltration and/or recurrence at the time of surgery or follow‐up examinations. In hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cells, up‐regulated FGFR3‐IIIb conferred an enhanced capability for proliferation. Both FGFR3‐IIIb and FGFR3‐IIIc suppressed apoptotic activity, enhanced clonogenic growth, and induced disintegration of the blood/lymph endothelium. The tumorigenicity of cells in severe combined immunodeficiency mice was augmented to a larger degree by variant IIIb than by IIIc. Conversely, siRNA targeting FGFR3 and kdFGFR3 reduced clonogenicity, anchorage‐independent growth, and disintegration of the blood/lymph endothelium in vitro . Furthermore, kdFGFR3 strongly attenuated tumor formation in vivo . Conclusions: Deregulated FGFR3 variants exhibit specific effects in the malignant progression of HCC cells. Accordingly, blockade of FGFR3‐mediated signaling may be a promising therapeutic approach to antagonize growth and malignant behavior of HCC cells.(H epatology 2015;62:1767–1778)
Diagnosis and management of pneumothorax: An audit of local prevalence, aetiology and adherence to national guidelines
Authors: Alison MacKenzie, Kevin Byth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  The 2010 BTS Pleural Diseases Guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for the management of Spontaneous Pneumothorax (SP). Needle aspiration (NA) is the recommended initial management in most cases, with intercostal drainage (ICD) being reserved for failed NA and large or symptomatic Secondary SP. Limited recommendations are made regarding Iatrogenic Pneumothorax (IP), reflecting less evidence. This is despite a higher prevalence of IP in several case-series. We sought to examine our own case-mix and adherence to BTS guidance.  Methods  We prospectively audited all pneumothoraces presenting to the Southern General Hospital from February to August 2012. Cases were identified by daily visits to the Emergency Department and Respiratory Unit. Case notes and imaging were reviewed retrospectively. Classification and management were compared with BTS guidance.  Results  37 cases were recorded (18 IP (49%), 9 Primary SP (24%), 8 Secondary SP (22%), 2 Traumatic (5%) based on retrospective analysis). 18/37 (49%) were incorrectly classified. 12/37 (32%) deviated from management guidelines, being more common when classification was incorrect (9/18 (50%)) than correct (3/19, 16%). The most common management deviation was use of ICD instead of NA (5/12 (42%)).  3/18 (17%) cases of IP were not managed according to BTS recommendations, all had inappropriate ICD.  Conclusions  IP is by far the most common form of pneumothorax at our centre. Pneumothoraces are commonly misclassified leading to deviation from guidelines, inappropriate use of ICD and hospital admission. Clinical trials dedicated to IP would allow better recommendations to be made regarding management.
Drug re-challenges in cutaneous adverse drug reactions: information and effectiveness in the long-term management of patients
Authors: J. Waton, C. Pouget-Jasson, C. Loos-Ayav, P. Trechot, A. C. Bursztejn, J. L. Schmutz, A. Barbaud
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: Waton J, Pouget-Jasson C, Loos-Ayav C, Trechot P, Bursztejn AC, Schmutz JL, Barbaud A. Drug re-challenges in cutaneous adverse drug reactions: information and effectiveness in the long term management of patients. Allergy 2011; 66: 941–947. Background: In patients with cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR), drug skin tests and re-challenge under hospital surveillance (RCH) are helpful. The aim of this study was to determine if patients with negative drug RCH can tolerate subsequent treatments with the same drugs. Patients and Methods: Patients with a negative RCH in the last 10 years answered a telephone questionnaire which was delivered by the same investigator in order to determine if subsequently the patients were able to tolerate the drug with which they had a negative RCH and also to study the reasons why the drugs were not taken again. Results: Six hundred and thirty-seven RCH were analyzed (349 patients, mean age 47 years), 134 drugs were taken again (group A) and 359 were not (group B). In group A, 12 reactions occurred in 10 patients (9%). In group B, drugs were not taken again because 76% of the patients evaluated for an intolerance to antibiotics or radiocontrast media did not require a new course of these products or because their general practitioner (GP) did not want to prescribe these drugs. Discussion: Ninety percent of the RCH (88.5% of the patients) with a CADR followed by investigations and a RCH have a good tolerance to subsequent treatment with the RC drug. The mechanisms involved in this intolerance despite negative RCH are discussed. Conclusion: The provocation test procedure, considered as useful by 88% of the patients, has a good negative predictive value. Furthermore, these investigations need to be accompanied by clear information on the patient and his GP.
Diagnostic Confusion? Repeat HbA1c for the Diagnosis of Diabetes
Authors: Timothy J. McDonald, Roderick Warren
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

HbA1c has been recommended as a test option for the diagnosis of diabetes by both the American Diabetes Association (1) and the World Health Organization (WHO) (2). Both organizations advised that after a result consistent with the diagnosis of diabetes (≥6.5% [48 mmol/mol]), HbA1c levels should be repeated in asymptomatic patients within 2 weeks to rule out the rare occurrence of a sample being mislabelled. Consensus statements from expert bodies in the U.K. endorsed these recommendations, which were implemented locally in 2012 (3). Since adoption of HbA1c as the principal test for diabetes, we have received a steady trickle of queries about discordant HbA1c results from clinicians. In some cases, the discrepancy between two results obtained within the short repeat interval was striking.

To address this issue, we aimed to determine the magnitude and nature of variation seen in HbA1c results repeated within 14 days of an initial diagnosis of diabetes. We extracted …