tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of hypothermia in elderly patients with diabetes.
Authors: H A Neil, J A Dawson, J E Baker
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The incidence of admissions of patients with hypothermia was determined to examine whether hypothermia was more common in elderly patients with diabetes than in the general population after diabetic metabolic emergency cases had been excluded. A prospective survey of three accident and emergency departments identified 134 cases of hypothermia admitted from a catchment population of almost 157,000 aged 65 or over during the winters of 1981-2 to 1983-4. The predicted number of patients with diabetes in the population was nearly 5600 (3.5%). Twenty three admissions for hypothermia (17%) occurred in 20 patients with previously diagnosed diabetes. Women made up 87% of the diabetic admissions; the ratio of diabetic to non-diabetic admission rates in women was 7.9 (95% confidence interval 5.3 to 12.0). After excluding diabetic metabolic emergency admissions the ratio was 6.4. The ratio in men was 2.4, but the small number of admissions produced wide confidence intervals. Ten of the admissions with diabetes (43%) had pathological disorders that are associated with an increased risk of hypothermia. The frequency of these conditions is higher in patients with diabetes than in the general population and partly explains the increased risk of hypothermia in these patients.
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in severe idiopathic obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
Authors: E B Walker, R W Frith, D A Harding, B R Cant
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Eleven patients with severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, which was fully reversed by treatment with nasal continuous positive airways pressure, underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. All patients were followed for at least 12 months after surgery. One patient with large tonsils was cured. Of the remaining 10 patients, two showed minimal objective improvement at 12 months and the rest were unchanged. Four patients subsequently developed cardiac failure due to obstructive sleep apnoea. Thus uvulopalatopharyngoplasty was not effective in these patients with severe idiopathic obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
Hippocrates unbound. China's medical education for the 1980s
Authors: S. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Working in a Beijing hospital for two years (1979 to 1981), I witnessed a metamorphosis of medical education in China. Walls have been whitewashed to mask discredited slogans of the past. Dining halls have been stratified to separate faculty, workers, and students. Since 1976, the academic program has doubled in length. Since 1979, revitalized basic science departments have enrolled postgraduates. "Worker-peasant-soldier" graduates of 1975 to 1980 have been recalled for remedial courses. Physicians from outlying provinces now staff city hospitals for terms of "advanced study." Barefoot doctors, highly regarded five years ago (but now considered to be only temporary expedients), face proficiency examinations. Doctors with shoes are also newly concerned about professional standards. Since 1977, prospective medical students take a nationwide entrance examination. Medical colleges now maintain transcripts and confer degrees. House staff, graduates of as long ago as 1964, are preparing for board examinations. Educational policy since 1977 is a determined reversal of trends of the preceding ten years. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:490-494)
1061-96 Adrenomedullin enhances therapeutic potency of bone marrow transplantation for acute myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Takafumi Fujii, Noritoshi Nagaya, Kazuhiro Nishigami, Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda, Takashi Iwase, Takefumi Ito, Chikao Yutani, Shunji Sano, Hidezou Mori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
A 52-kD protein is a novel component of the SS-A/Ro antigenic particle.
Authors: E Ben-Chetrit, E K Chan, K F Sullivan, E M Tan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Anti-SS-A/Ro autoantibodies are found in the sera of patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and SLE. In the course of analyzing 61 SS patients for their autoantibody profiles, we found that 42 were positive for anti-SS-A by double diffusion in agarose and demonstrated precipitin lines identical to that produced by a prototype anti-SS-A serum. Further analysis of these SS-A antibody-positive sera by Western blotting of cell extracts revealed that 21 sera reacted with two proteins of 60 and 52 kD, 13 sera reacted with 52-kD protein, two detected only 60 kD, while six were nonreactive. Affinity-purified anti-60-kD and anti-52-kD antibodies reacted exclusively with their corresponding antigens. Partial proteolysis of these proteins did not reveal common degradation fragments. Thus the 52- and 60-kD proteins were found to be antigenically and apparently structurally distinct from each other. They were also distinct from 48-kD SS-B/La protein. In immunoprecipitation using labeled cell extracts, affinity-purified anti-52-kD antibodies brought down the 52-kD protein as well as the 60-kD band. In [32P]orthophosphate-labeled HeLa cell extract both antibodies precipitated the same spectrum of small RNAs (hYl-5). In indirect immunofluorescence, anti-52-kD and anti-60-kD antibodies immunolocalized in similar subcellular structures and showed similar punctate nuclear staining patterns. Western blot analysis revealed that both proteins were present in lymphocytic as well as epithelial human cell lines tested. The data above define a new antigen of 52 kD which is another component of the SS-A particle and is associated in complex formation with the previously reported 60-kD protein.
Clinical benefit of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade with abciximab is independent of gender
Authors: Leslie Cho, Eric J Topol, Craig Balog, Joanne M Foody, Joan E Booth, Catherine Cabot, Neal S Kleiman, James E Tcheng, Robert Califf, A.Michael Lincoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Glutathione S-transferase in humans in health and disease.
Authors: P C Hayes, I A Bouchier, G J Beckett
Journal: Gut (1991)

Most biological processes are catalysed by means of enzymes and study of these in health and disease is important for our understanding of both biology and disturbed function. The glutathione S-transferases (GST:E.C.2.5.1.18) are a complex multigene family of enzymes that are widely distributed in the animal kingdom. ' These enzymes possess many biological functions, the most important of which is detoxification, conjugating reduced glutathione with a large number of electrophiles.2 Such conjugation reactions result in the synthesis of mercapturic acids and represent an important excretory route for xenobiotics including carcinogens, toxins, and drugs.' As well as being concerned in the metabolism of xenobiotics, GST are involved in the metabolism of endogenous substances such as leukotriene A4 and prostaglandin A1.3 GST are also involved in non-substrate binding to such substances as bilirubin and bile acids and have an important role in hepatic anion transport. Several GST isoenzymes possess selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase activity with certain organic hydroperoxides such as linoleic and arachidonic hydroperoxide but not with hydrogen peroxide.5 In humans the cytosolic GST isoenzymes are dimeric and can be subdivided on the basis of their physicochemical and immunological properties into three major groups, namely pi, alpha, and mu class GST (Table6). In humans
Carcinoma of stomach: evaluation of individual and combined diagnostic accuracy of radiology, cytology, and gastrophotography.
Authors: L. M. Blendis, J. O. Beilby, J. P. Wilson, M. J. Coles, G. D. Hadley
Journal: BMJ (1967)

In this country carcinoma of the stomach has a poor prognosis, and this is largely attributable to the lateness and difficulty of diagnosis.Deaths from this condition, according to the Registrar-General (1966), totalled 13,000 in 1964.Though radiology is still the sheet-anchor in the diagnosis of gastric disease, it has its limitations.Therefore supplementary tech- aiques are required to close the diagnostic gaps.
Detection of Prostatic Cancer by Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay of Serum Prostatic Acid Phosphatase
Authors: Andras G. Foti, J. Fenimore Cooper, Harvey Herschman, Richard R. Malvaez
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We compared our radioimmunoassay with the standard enzyme assay for prostatic acid phosphatase in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Serum samples from 50 controls, 113 patients with prostatic cancer, 36 with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 83 with other cancers, 20 with gastrointestinal disorders and 28 with total prostatectomies were randomized and studied by radioimmunoassay and enzyme assay. When the upper limit was set at 8.0 ng per milliliter (mean + 4 S.D.) the radioimmunoassay diagnosed prostatic cancer in 33, 79, 71 and 92 per cent of the patients with Stage I, II, III and IV disease. In contrast, the enzyme assay detected elevations of enzyme in the serum of 12, 15, 29, and 60 per cent respectively. No false-positive results were detected by either assay in normal controls but the radioimmunoassay test was positive in two patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, in one patient after total prostatectomy, in nine with other cancers and in one of the group with gastrointestinal disorders. In contrast to the enzyme assay, the radioimmunoassay distinguished over half the cases of intracapsular prostatic cancer.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in kidney fibrosis: fact or fantasy?
Authors: Wilhelm Kriz, Brigitte Kaissling, Michel Le Hir
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has become widely accepted as a mechanism by which injured renal tubular cells transform into mesenchymal cells that contribute to the development of fibrosis in chronic renal failure. However, an increasing number of studies raise doubts about the existence of this process in vivo. Herein, we review and summarize both sides of this debate, but it is our view that unequivocal evidence supporting EMT as an in vivo process in kidney fibrosis is lacking.
Cancer—Attack or Retreat?
Authors: John E. McShulskis
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The commentary entitled "Cancer—Attack or Retreat?" (230:555, 1974) by Pekar draws broad conclusions about the National Cancer Program (NCP) that are illfounded and unsubstantiated and, therefore, misleading to those not familiar with the substance of the program and the development of the plan. The purpose of this letter is to place Dr. Pekar's article in the proper perspective by calling attention to the principal shortcomings of his arguments. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) will gladly provide accurate information concerning the NCP and the NCP Plan to interested readers upon request. Perhaps the greatest flaw in Dr. Pekar's article is that what appears to be his key reference,<i>An Analysis of Mid-Range Resources Requirements for a National Cancer Program</i>, dated August 1972. It was only a draft and was superseded by the final and only official published version, dated March 1973, which supports the NCP Strategic Plan. Because
The Treatment of Hyperthyroidism
Authors: David H. Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The editorial "Treatment of Hyperthyroidism" in the April 10 issue presented a one-sided viewpoint. The following points may be cited: (1) The ten-year incidence of hypothyroidism after<sup>131</sup>I treatment, cited in the editorial as 70%, is actually about 30% for centers using 7,000 R.<sup>1,2</sup>(2) Doses more than 100 mc of<sup>131</sup>I, stated in the editorial to be "often" required, are actually rarely used except in hyperthyroidism associated with multinodular goiter.<sup>3</sup>(3) In citing which patients have a higher incidence of<sup>131</sup>I-induced hypothyroidism, the author's inclusion of the phrase "... in younger patients" ignores the very credibly presented evidence of Green and Wilson showing the opposite, that patients over 40 have an especially high incidence of late hypothyroidism after<sup>131</sup>I treatment.<sup>1</sup>There is a difference of opinion here: Beling and Einhorn report increased sensitivity of the young thyroid gland to<sup>131</sup>
Frank Bernard Cockett
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Vascular surgeon who operated while bombs fell on St Thomas’ hospital



As a young surgeon arriving at St Thomas’ Hospital after the second world war, Frank Cockett was put in charge of the leg ulcer clinic which, a friend and colleague explains, was “thought by his seniors to be a non-exciting clinic dealing with a non-exciting condition, the cause of which was poorly understood.” He threw himself into it and made several major breakthroughs, becoming an international authority on venous disease.

“As a junior surgeon I took over the leg ulcer clinic in 1949, and for the first time I saw what an enormous unsolved problem there was. Of course all were called varicose ulcers, but most of them had no varicose veins,” he wrote in a 10 volume autobiography compiled for his family.

In 1953—after carrying out numerous cadaver limb dissections and investigations on his patients, using the new technique of arterial and venous injections—he established that lower leg ulcers were caused not by varicose veins but by incompetent ankle perforating veins.

He published a groundbreaking paper in the Lancet , describing his research and identifying …
Hybridization of the Primary Care Disciplines
Authors: David A. Rivera
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  While combining the strengths of family practice and internal  training might result in a more well-rounded physician, I doubt that the primary care physician envisioned by Christiansen et al 1 and Dr Geyman 2 can or should exist. First, the proliferation of medical information makes it impossible to train and then maintain this physician who strives to be all things to all people. The detractors of family practice label those physicians jack of all trades, master of none. Four years hardly seems adequate time to become even remotely familiar with the non-internal medicine disciplines mentioned by both authors.  Second, the current liability climate argues against a generic primary care physician. I noted with some annoyance that both authors mentioned obstetrics almost in passing. This is an area of enormous liability, yet it receives insufficient attention in most medical schools and family practice residencies. Obstetricians are increasingly
Lung abscess resulting from grass inflorescence.
Authors: P Diggory, B A Ross
Journal: Thorax (1984)

second patient had coronary artery bypass grafting.The was an ear of barley.She was unavailingly given antibiotics pericardium had been closed in the former case and it was for pyrexia, cough, and shoulder tip pain and after five days left open in the latter.The left atrial pressure monitoring was admitted to hospital with right lower lobe pneumonia.catheter fragmented when an attempt was made to remove Neither x-ray examination nor bronchoscopy revealed a it from the second patient.On both occasions the anchor-foreign body, though the right main bronchus was haemo- ing stitch was successfully divided with the help of the rrhagic and oedematous.Five months later she was re- mediastinoscope and the catheters were easily removed.
Advanced Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
Authors: ABDELHAMID H. ELGAZZAR, VISNA MARTICH KRISS, MICHAEL J. GELFAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare hereditary variant of heterotropic bone formation that is often difficult to diagnose. A bone scan of an advanced case of this condition is presented. Nuclear medicine physicians should be familiar with various aspects of this disease.
Suppressive effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on type IIA phospholipase A2 expression in HepG2 cells†‡
Authors: Tadashi Ikegami, Yasushi Matsuzaki, Sugano Fukushima, Junichi Shoda, Jean Luc Olivier, Bernard Bouscarel, Naomi Tanaka
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Phospholipase A2 IIA (PLA2IIA), which plays a crucial role in arachidonic acid metabolism and in inflammation, is upregulated under various pathological conditions, including in the gallbladder and gallbladder bile from patients with multiple cholesterol gallstones, in the liver and kidney of rats with cirrhosis, as well as in the colonic tissue of animals treated with a chemical carcinogen. The administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) partially attenuated the PLA2IIA expression level in these different models. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effect of UDCA on the PLA2IIA expression level at the cellular level. The HepG2 cells were selected to investigate the direct inhibitory effect of UDCA on PLA2IIA expression level. The proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α) -induced PLA2IIA expression in HepG2 cells was partially inhibited by the presence of UDCA in a dose-dependent fashion. The effect of UDCA on proinflammatory cytokines-induced PLA2IIA expression occurred at the transcriptional level. In addition, among the bile acids tested, this inhibitory effect was UDCA-specific. In conclusion, this study supports the possible alteration of arachidonic acid metabolism and PLA2IIA expression level, in particular, as the protective action of UDCA in patients with chronic liver disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:896–905.)
An aid to reducing unnecessary investigations
Authors: D W Young
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The number of investigations carried out on patients with the same condition varies greatly. The reason is largely inappropriate investigation. The known progressive increase in the use of laboratory facilities could be slowed down if unnecessary tests were eliminated. A computer-based medical information system, house officer information system, was used to eliminate the ordering of unnecessary tests. Analysis showed that patients cared for while the system was in operation were less likely to have unnecessary tests, which lead to a saving of £1.34 per patient in laboratory costs.
Frequency of Blood Glucose Monitoring in Relation to Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lawrence Blonde, Barry H. Ginsberg, Susan Horn, Irl B. Hirsch, Bobbie James, Kathy Mulcahy, Anne Nettles, Randy Smout, Harold Wright
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

We were disappointed with the conclusions of Harris (1) and the accompanying editorial (2) on self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). The article is based on outdated data and reflects an era with much less SMBG capability and convenience, reimbursement, therapeutic modalities, and evidence for the benefits of improved glycemic control. Moreover, the study itself was uncontrolled, self-reported, and did not indicate whether the patients were taught about data usage. It would be unfortunate if this article and editorial were used to justify denial of appropriate reimbursement for SMBG in type 2 diabetes.

Optimal modern therapy of type 2 diabetes uses a “treat-to-target” approach, expeditiously moving patients along a …
Dimethyl Sulfoxide A Correction
Authors: Albert M. Kligman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I wish to inform you of a regrettable inaccuracy in Part 2 of my paper entitled, "Topical Pharmacology and Toxicology of Dimethyl Sulfoxide" (<b>193</b>:923 1965). Owing to inadequate supervision on my part the statements under the section labeled "Chronic Exposure" (p 925) are not fully supported by the experimental procedures. Twenty men were to have received 9 ml of 90% dimethyl sulfoxide to the trunk once daily for 24 weeks. Actually the study was stopped at 16 weeks. Moreover, some subjects dropped out before this time for unrelated reasons. One, however, experienced giant hives on the trunk at night, a few days after starting. He was not continued. In reviewing the summation of the toxicologic data I failed to note this happening, although it was duly noted on the chart. I did however call attention to the possibility of histamine mediated shocklike syndromes. Since 20 subjects
Abstract 2439: Obatoclax (GX15-070) potently induces apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and enhances the activity of EGFR inhibitors.
Authors: Victor Y. Yazbeck, Kathleen Dorritie, Changyou Li, Jennifer Grandis, Yan Zang, Daniel E. Johnson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract HNSCC represents 90% of head and neck tumors. More than half of HNSCC patients are initially treated with curative intent, but will relapse over the course of their disease and have poor prognosis with a median survival of 6-9 months. Novel therapeutic approaches are in desperate need for this patient population. The antiapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins like BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1 are involved in oncogenesis and chemoresistance and are overexpressed in HNSCC. Obatoclax is a small-molecule antagonist of the BH3-binding groove of the prosurvival (or anti-apoptotic) members of the BCL-2 family of proteins. It is the only compound among the current BCL-2 inhibitors in clinical trials that is capable of inhibiting MCL-1, in addition to BCL-2 and BCL-XL. We determined the activity of obatoclax in 4 HNSCC cell lines (UMSCC-1, Cal-33, 1483, UMSCC-22A). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, and apoptosis by Annexin-V binding, FACS analysis and immunoblotting. All four HNSCC cell lines were highly sensitive to single agent obatoclax with IC50’s ranging from 50-300 nM. Obatoclax induced apoptosis in all four HNSCC cell lines as evidenced by increased Annexin-V binding at 48 hours from 10% in vehicle treated cells to 30-60% and through cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP. Interestingly, obatoclax enhanced the activity of the two small tyrosine kinase inhibitors of EGFR (erlotinib and gefitinib). We are the first to show the activity of obatoclax in HNSCC alone and in combination with EGFR inhibitors. In vivo study of obatoclax using human HNSCC xenograft tumors is currently underway. This preclinical study suggests that obatoclax might have a therapeutic role in HNSCC either alone or in combination with EGFR inhibitors. Citation Format: Victor Y. Yazbeck, Kathleen Dorritie, Changyou Li, Jennifer Grandis, Yan Zang, Daniel E. Johnson. Obatoclax (GX15-070) potently induces apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and enhances the activity of EGFR inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2439. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2439
Response of patients to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: effect of inherent personality traits and premedication with diazepam.
Authors: M J Webberley, A Cuschieri
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The influence of personality traits on the reaction of patients to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was studied prospectively in 86 patients. High N (neuroticism) scores on the Eysenck personality inventory were associated with poor tolerance to and future compliance with the procedure. Although premedication with diazepam did not affect the degree of discomfort and distress during the procedure, it guaranteed acceptance of repeat endoscopy by virtue of its strong amnesic effect. By contrast, not giving premedication to patients who were anxious and had high N scores jeopardized future compliance. These findings suggest that a version of the Eysenck personality inventory should be used to assess patients9 neurotic phenotype and their need for premedication before endoscopy. Alternatively, all patients might be given premedication.
In vivo intracardiac 2-D echocardiography: Effects of transducer frequency, imaging approaches and compariason with fiberoptic angioscopy
Authors: Steven Schwartz, Brenda Kusay, Natesa Pandian, Rohit Kumar, Andraw Waintraub, Sarah Katz, Mark Aronovitz, Deeb Salem
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)