tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and smoking: cessation advice and health consequences of CO fetal exposure: An exploratory study
Authors: Joana Silva, Sofia Belo Ravara, Rui Carrapato, José Manuel Calheiros
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  Fetal exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) is the most important avoidable cause of fetal morbidity and mortality. Health professionals9 (HPs) cessation advice is crucial, since women may be more prone to change. Study aims-To evaluate:  · HPs9 cessation advice  · Fetus exposure to CO and association with anthropometric parameters of the newborn   Methods : Prospective cohort study. Face-to-face structured interviews were applied to 94 pregnant, followed up at Sao Sebastiao Hospital, mean age 31 years. Newborn parameters were collected from clinical files. We performed baby CO. We used chi squared, Mann-whitney, Kruskal Wallis tests, and Pearson9s correlation.   Results : 37% of the participants were smokers (average 6 cigarettes/day). 54% had a smoker partner. 80% reported SHS exposure. 67% were questioned about smoking. 93% of the smokers wanted to change their consumption, but only 7.4% did quit (cold turkey, on their own). The observed decrease in consumption was significantly associated with HP counseling (p   Conclusions : The majority of pregnant women was advised to change tobacco consumption and was exposed to SHS. Most of the smokers wanted to reduce smoking, but did not want to quit. Cessation counseling was not effective. Nevertheless the low consumption, smoking and CO levels were negatively associated with newborn parameters. There is a need to train HPs in cessation counseling, including SHS exposure and partners9 smoking.
Effect of airflow obstruction on the measurement of lung volumes
Authors: Tara Goddard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Effective alveolar volume (VA) is considered as a representative of Total Lung Capacity (TLC) in subjects without airflow obstruction. In the presence of airflow obstruction, physiological changes can give rise to discrepancies between TLC and VA.

Aim: To assess whether VA correlates with TLC and ascertain whether these differences are amplified in relation to the increase in severity of airflow obstruction.

Method: Data was analysed retrospectively and divided into 2 groups based on TLC measured by either body plethysmography (pleth) or helium dilution (He). Results were classified by FEV1, using the NICE COPD guidelines 20101. Data was analysed using regression, Bland-Altman and ANOVA.

Results : The magnitude of TLC - VA increased significantly (p < 0.001) in relation to the severity of airflow obstruction. Bland-Altman gave a bias of 1.38 and 1.39 for helium and pleythsmography respectively. A single equation was derived to predict the differences between TLC and VA:

(TLCXX - VA) = 2.98 - 0.024 FEV1%Pred

View this table:

Table 1: TLC and VA difference in relation to severity of airflow obstruction as classified by the COPD guidelines





Conclusion: 

1. VA underestimates TLC

2. As severity of airflow obstruction increases, the magnitude of discrepancy between TLCpleth and VA and TLCHe and VA increases

3. Overall, VA is unable to substitute TLC in subjects with COPD, particularly those with more severe airflow obstruction

1. National Clinical Guideline Centre, 2010. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in adults in primary and secondary care. London: National Clinical Guideline Centre.
Second malignant neoplasms following treatment for Wilm's tumor: a report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group.
Authors: N E Breslow, J R Takashima, J A Whitton, J Moksness, G J D'Angio, D M Green
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE The study was undertaken to determine the incidence of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in patients treated for Wilms' tumor and demonstrate how the incidence varied with the initial treatment protocol. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between October 1969 and December 1991, 5,278 assessable patients were enrolled onto the National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) and by the end of 1993 had contributed 39,461 person-years to a follow-up study. Expected numbers of second cancers were calculated by applying national incidence rates to person-years classified by age, sex, and calendar year. RESULTS Forty-three SMNs were observed, whereas only 5.1 were expected (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 8.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.1 to 11.4). Fifteen years after the Wilms' tumor diagnosis, the cumulative incidence of a SMN was 1.6% and increasing steadily. Abdominal irradiation received as part of the initial therapy increased the risk of a SMN (SIR, 1.43/10 Gy; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.81). Doxorubicin potentiated the radiation effect. Among 234 patients who received doxorubicin and greater than 35 Gy of abdominal radiation, eight SMNs were observed, whereas only 0.22 were expected (SIR, 36; 95% CI, 16 to 72). Treatment for relapse further increased the SMN risk by a factor of 4 to 5. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the importance of current efforts to limit the use of intensive chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which are now applied only to patients with the most aggressive disease. Continuing close surveillance of the great majority of Wilms' tumor patients who become long-term survivors is essential for early diagnosis of SMNs and other late sequelae of therapy.
NFATc1 as a therapeutic target in FLT3-ITD-positive AML
Authors: S K Metzelder, C Michel, M von Bonin, M Rehberger, E Hessmann, S Inselmann, M Solovey, Y Wang, K Sohlbach, C Brendel, T Stiewe, J Charles, A Ten Haaf, V Ellenrieder, A Neubauer, S Gattenlöhner, M Bornhäuser, A Burchert
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Abstract 1475: Misperception of Ideal Body Size in the Dallas Heart Study: A Novel Target to Combat Obesity
Authors: Tiffany M Powell, Colby R Ayers, Michelle A Albert, Amit Khera, Anand Rohatgi, Jarett Berry, Darren K McGuire, James A de Lemos, Sandeep Das
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Little is known about how misperception of ideal body size may impact obesity and cardiovascular risk. Methods: Self-perceived actual and ideal body size were surveyed in 5893 participa...
Gastric Cancer in Colombia. II. Case-Control Epidemiologic Study of Precursor Lesions2
Authors: William Haenszel, Pelayo Correa, Carlos Cuello, Ney Guzman, Luis Carlos Burbano, Humberto Lores, Javier Muñoz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Endoscopic surveys in the Department of Narino (Colombia) showed that natives of areas of very high risks for stomach cancer have a higher prevalence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia than do persons born in other parts of Narino. In these surveys, diets were compared between individuals with and without evidence of these suspect precursor lesions of stomach cancer and between individuals born in the areas designated as high and low risk for stomach cancer. The composite evidence from the comparisons indicated lettuce to be negatively associated with stomach cancer and raised the possibility to a positive association for corn. The relationship of these findings to other epidemiologic evidence and the implications for applying the epidemiology of stomach cancer to the epidemiology of precursor lesions were examined.
Experimental Bilharzial Bladder Cancer: Tryptophan Metabolism in Nonhuman Primates Experimentally Infected With Schistosoma haematobium 2
Authors: Raymond R. Brown, Robert E. Kuntz, Richard A. Arend, Jerry A. Moore, Tao-Cheng Huang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

A nonhuman primate species infected with Schistosoma haematobium provided a model system for controlled studies on bilharzial bladder cancer. Urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites by capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) was similar to that of humans when expressed per g creatinine. Liver tryptophan oxygenase activity of the capuchin monkeys was comparable to that of humans. Excretion of 3-hydroxykyn-urenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid was elevated above control levels in capuchin monkeys infected experimentally with S. haematobium. The capuchin-S. haematobium system closely resembles the human bilharziasis system and offers a reproducible laboratory model system for the controlled study of the parasitology, pathogenesis, and biochemistry of bilharzial bladder cancer.
Low fat diets are no better than others for long term weight loss, research finds
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

No good evidence is available to support recommending low fat diets for long term weight loss over other diets, researchers have concluded from a meta-analysis. People who followed low fat diets did not lose any more weight than those on higher fat diets such as low carbohydrate or Mediterranean diets, the US study found.1

Deirdre Tobias, of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts and the study’s lead author, said, “Behind current dietary advice to cut out the fat, …
Parameters influencing the participation in an asthma education course for adult asthma patients – Results from the disease management program bronchial asthma in Germany (North Rhine Region)
Authors: Arne Weber, Bernd Hagen, Sabine Groos, Jens Kretschmann, Lutz Altenhofen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background   We want to examine whether patient parameters or organizational structures in the medical practice effects the participation in an asthma patient education course.   Methods   We used standardized medical records in the ambulatory setting and conducted a logistic regression for adult DMP participants treated by general practitioners in 2012 with an invitation to a patient education course.   Results   In 2012 there were 3.137 patients with an invitation to a patient education course. Patients from general practitioners, who have an admission to offer a patient education on their own, more often take part in a patient education course [OR 4.0]. Also the prescription of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) leads to a higher participation rate [OR 1.7]. Age, sex and asthma symptoms as well as number of asthma patients per medical practice do not show any significant effects.   Discussion   Apparently patients from physicians who arrange patient education themselves are more motivated to follow the invitation. The statistical association to an ICS description gives a clue to the idea that patients with a more severe course of disease are less reluctant to take part in patient educations. Patient parameters like age and sex seem not to be determining factors for the participation. In future it might be beneficial to put forward the advantages of taking part in patient educations also to asthma patients, whose doctor do not run them on their own.
Satisfaction and adherence in patients with COPD submitted to exercise training in water and on land: Preliminary results
Authors: Lais S. Vidotto, Débora R. Carvalho, Myriam F. Merli, Josiane M. Felcar, Fabio Pitta, Dirce S. Fujisawa, Vanessa S. Probst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Measures of satisfaction in rehabilitation programmes have received growing importance in an attempt to guarantee better adherence, and consequently better results.  Objective:  We aimed to compare satisfaction and adherence in patients with COPD submitted to exercise training in water and on land.  Methods:  Fifty patients (33 male; 68 ± 9 years old; FEV 1  38[30-53] %pred; BMI 26 ± 5 Kg/m 2 ) were randomized to exercise training in water (WT; n=24) or on land (LT; n=26). All patients underwent high intensity endurance and strength training, three times a week, for six months (60 sessions), with equivalent training workloads for water and land conditions. Satisfaction was assessed at the end of both training regimens with a specific questionnaire, composed by 5 structured questions. They were quantified using a Likert scale system ranging from 0 to 6. Questions were related to treatment responses, symptoms, exercise, daily physical activity and physiotherapy treatment. Adherence was evaluated by measuring the dropout rates in both groups.  Results:  Patients from both groups were equally satisfied after 6 months of exercise training (Satisfaction on WT 29 [26-29.5] a.u. and on LT 29 [29-29.7] a.u.; p>0.05). Regarding adherence, similar dropout rates were observed in both groups (WT 65% and LT 46%; p>0.05).  Conclusion:  Patients with COPD are equally satisfied after 6 months of high intensity exercise training in water and on land. In addition, both training regimens resulted in similar adherence.
Abstract 18070: The Significance of Frank-Starling Mechanism in Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Chee Jeong Kim, Wang-Soo Lee, Kwang Je Lee, Sang-Wook Kim, Tae Ho Kim
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: The role of Frank-Starling mechanism is well established in systolic left ventricular (LV) function. However, it is unknown whether this law plays a role in diastolic LV function or not. Irregular RR intervals in atrial fibrillation (AF) provide the opportunity for clinical applications of theoretical mechanism. We compared the relation between RR interval and LV performances according to systolic and diastolic functions. Methods: A total of 197 patients with AF were screened. Patients with very rapid or slow ventricular rate, significant valvular stenosis or regurgitation, or acute medical conditions were excluded and 136 patients were enrolled. LV outflow peak ejection velocity (Vpe) was adjusted for the effect of pre-preceding RR interval (RR-2) using the logarithmic equation between RR-2 and Vpe. The logarithmic equation between adjusted Vpe and preceding RR interval (RR-1) was calculated in the coordinates with RR-1 from 0.6 to 1 second. From this equation, the ratio of slope to Vpe at RR-1 = 1 second (Slope/Vpe-1) was obtained. Results: Patients with normal systolic function and with a history of heart failure (HF, n=37) had a higher slope than those with normal systolic function and without a history of HF (n=72, p=0.04) and a lower slope than those with systolic dysfunction (n=27, p=0.034). Vpe-1 was not different among groups (p=0.85, Figure left). Slope/Vpe-1 showed similar trend with slope and were more powerful to discriminate three groups than the slope. In patients with previous tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy (n=8), the management decreased slope (p=0.006) and Slope/Vpe-1 (p=0.038) without changes in Vpe-1 (p=0.57, Figure right). Conclusions: Frank-Starling mechanism plays a significant role not only in systolic function but also in diastolic function. The relation between LV pressure/volume and performance of diastolic dysfunction was between those of normal function and systolic dysfunction.
Microbicides: Ideas Flourish, Money to Follow?
Authors: J Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evaluation of Radioactive Compounds for the External Detection of Cerebral Tumors
Authors: R. Gordon Long, John G. McAfee, James Winkelman
Journal: Cancer Research (1963)

Summary  Studies of the distribution in the organs and body fluids of various radioactive compounds in a pure strain of tumor-bearing mice indicated the potential value of serum albumin-I 131 , Cholografin-I 131 , Neohydrin-Hg 203 , and cobaltous-Co 57  tetraphenylporphinesulfonate for brain tumor localization in man. For serum albumin-I 131 , the tumor concentration was higher than for several substances tested, and the optimum tumor-to-brain concentration ratio was 33 to 1. A persistently high blood level and a relatively long biological half-life were its chief disadvantages.  Neohydrin-Hg 203  and Cholografin-I 131  were removed from the blood stream more quickly than albumin-I 131 , and their total-body biological half-lives were considerably shorter; tumor-to-brain concentration ratios in mice were 22 to 1 and 80 to 1, respectively. The absolute tumor concentrations were lower than for serum albumin and were especially low for Cholografin-I 131 .  Cobaltous-Co 57  tetraphenylporphinesulfonate produced absolute tumor concentrations as high as did albumin-I 131 , and the tumor-to-brain concentration ratios were 60 to 1. Moreover, the blood levels after 24 hours were considerably lower than for albumin-I 131 .  All substances evaluated which produced high tumor-to-brain concentration ratios were protein-bound in the plasma. Free radioactive ions and positron-emitting compounds which have been used for clinical studies to date gave tumor-to-brain concentration ratios inferior to protein-bound substances.
Inflammatory cytokines in serum from children with severe asthma compared to controlled asthmatics
Authors: Jon Konradsen, Björn Nordlund, Åsa Wheelock, Joachim Lundahl, Hans Grönlund, Gunilla Hedlin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction : Care of children with severe asthma remains a clinical challenge, partly due to the heterogeneity of the disease and the lack of definite biomarkers. In this study, we compared levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum from children with severe asthma and controlled asthma.

Methods : Children with severe therapy resistant asthma (n=34, mean age 13.3 years) and controlled asthma (n=39, mean age 13.8 years) participated in a nationwide Swedish study. The protocol included Asthma control test, exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and blood sampling. Interleukin (IL) 4, IL5, IL12p70, tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNFα) and eotaxin were analysed from serum using multiplex technology and results presented as medians with inter quartile ranges (picogram per millilitre).

Results: Severe asthmatic children had inferior asthma control (p  800ug budesonide), compared to children with controlled asthma. FENO (p=0.93) and IgE (p=0.92) were comparable in these two patient groups. Children with severe asthma had increased levels of cytokines related to both Th1 inflammation (IL12p70 4.1 (0-22) vs. 0 (0-4.7), p=0.001 and TNFα 10.4 (4.6-19) vs. 4 (2.1-7.0), p< 0.001)) and to Th2 inflammation (IL4 1.6 (0-29) vs. 0 (0-1.9), p=0.02; IL5 0 (0-1.1) vs. 0 (0-0), p=0.04 and Eotaxin 97.3 (60-146) vs. 49.2 (42-68), p<0.001).

Conclusions: Severe asthmatic children have increased serum levels of cytokines related to both Th1 and Th2 inflammation compared to controlled asthmatics. These results indicate a heterogeneous pattern of inflammation, and multivariate statistical analyses to further characterize the inflammatory phenotypes are initiated.
Insufficient autophagy is involved in accelerated cellular senescence in the pathophysiology of COPD
Authors: Satoko Fujii, Hiromichi Hara, Jun Araya, Naoki Takasaka, Yoko Yumino, Jun Kojima, Takeo Ishikawa, Takanori Numata, Makoto Kawaishi, Jun Hirano, Makoto Odaka, Toshiaki Morikawa, Katsutoshi Nakayama, Kazuyoshi Kuwano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Accelerated cellular senescence has been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. One of the manifestations of cellular senescence is the accumulation of damaged organelles and proteins, which are induced by cigarette smoke via oxidative stress. Autophagy may associate with the regulation of the accelerated cellular senescence via clearance of damaged cellular components.

Aims: The purpose is to elucidate the role of autophagy in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cellular senescence in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC).

Methods: HBEC was isolated from lobectomy specimens. To characterize autophagy,detection of LC3-EGFP dot and western blotting of LC3, p62, and ubiquitin were performed. Autophagy was inhibited by 3-methyladenine (MA), bafilomycin A and knock down of LC3 by siRNA. Rapamycin and torin1 were used to induce autophagy. Senescence associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and western blotting of p21 were performed to evaluate cellular senescence. Interleukin (IL)-8 was measured by ELISA.

Results: CSE-induced cellular senescence was accompanied by accumulations of ubiquitinated proteins and p62. Although CSE transiently induced autophagy, it was insufficient to inhibit cellular senescence. Increased autophagy suppressed CSE-induced senescence and accumulations of these proteins. In contrast, inhibition of autophagy enhanced not only senescence but also the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of IL-8 expression.

Conclusions: These results suggest a potential regulatory role for autophagy in CSE-induced cellular senescence with SASP by preventing the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and p62.
Clinical features of a new hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Salami brusher's disease
Authors: Laura Balzarini, Chiara Mancini, Panagiota Mouzakiti, Maurizio Marvisi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

We observed 5 consecutive cases of hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) in subjects working in a salami factory. The workers had to clean the mould growing on salami's surface by using a wire brush. The working population was of 30 female subjects, 5 of them developed a HP (17%).Two were smokers (40%) and, other two were asthmatic. All patients presented with an acute clinical manifestation with cough, high fever, dyspnea and hypoxia occurring after a short period after exposure (240±60 minutes). Three of them presented at the emergency department and a chest x-ray showed and alveolar interstitial pneumonitis and were treated as a community acquired pneumonia. Skin prick test were positive for Penicillium spp in 3 cases and for Cladosporium spp and Aspergillus spp in other 2. The results of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibodies against Penicillium spp were positive in 3 patients, 2 patients were positive to Aspergillus Fumigatus. Pulmonary function test demonstrated a reduction in diffusing capacity in all 5 patients (60±15% of predicted). A bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacoline was present in all the patients, the mean dose of methacoline causing a 20% fall in FEV1 was 3.63±4.70 mg/mL. BAL data showed a lymphocytosis 44.4±8.2%, CD4+ were 26.5±6.3%, CD8 + 53.5±8.2. Four patients had a complete recovery after chancing work, and one was treated with oral steroids for increasing dyspnea and severe interstitial involvement. Salami's brusher disease is a new type of HP, the prevalence is high in exposed subjects, and is common even in smokers. The disease has an acute clinical onset. The probable antigen is Penicillium, but Cladosporium and Aspergillus may play a key role.