tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High complete remission rates with primary neoadjuvant infusional chemotherapy for large early breast cancer.
Authors: I E Smith, G Walsh, A Jones, J Prendiville, S Johnston, B Gusterson, F Ramage, H Robertshaw, N Sacks, S Ebbs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of continuous infusion fluorouracil (5FU) with every-3-week epirubicin and cisplatin (ECF) as primary chemotherapy instead of immediate mastectomy for patients with large, potentially operable, breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty patients with large operable breast cancer, median tumor diameter 6 cm (range, 3 to 12), were treated with 5FU 200 mg/m2/d via a Hickman line using an ambulatory pump for 6 months with epirubicin 50 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 IV every 3 weeks for eight courses. Subsequent surgery and/or radiotherapy was determined by clinical response. RESULTS Forty-nine patients achieved an overall response (98%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 94% to 100%), including 33 complete clinical remissions (CRs) (66%; 95% CI, 53% to 79%). Only three patients (6%) still required mastectomy. Tumor cellularity was markedly reduced on repeat needle biopsy following 3 weeks of treatment in 81% of patients versus only 36% in similar patients after conventional chemotherapy (P &lt; .002). Severe (World Health Organization [WHO] grade 3 to 4) toxicity was rare, with nausea/vomiting being the most common, occurring in 20% of patients. CONCLUSION Primary infusional ECF appears to be more active on clinical and histopathologic grounds than conventional chemotherapy for large operable breast cancer and is well tolerated. This approach now merits randomized comparison to determine if high CR rates may translate into improved survival.
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Is Associated With Incident Type 2 Diabetes Among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Valery S. Effoe, Adolfo Correa, Haiying Chen, Mary E. Lacy, Alain G. Bertoni
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Previous studies on the association between hs-CRP and incident type 2 diabetes among African Americans have been inconclusive. We examined the association between hs-CRP and incident diabetes in a large African American cohort (Jackson Heart Study). hs-CRP was measured in 3,340 participants. Incident diabetes was defined by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, physician diagnosis, use of diabetes drugs, or A1C ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) at follow-up. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes, adjusting for age, sex, education, diabetes family history, alcohol, HDL, triglycerides, hypertension status, hypertension medications, physical activity, BMI, HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMAIR), and waist circumference. Participants (63% women) were aged 53.3 ± 12.5 years. During a median follow-up of 7.5 years, 17.4% developed diabetes (23.1/1,000 person-years, 95% CI 21.3-25.1). After adjustment, the HR (hs-CRP third vs. first tertile) was 1.64 (95% CI 1.26-2.13). In separate models, further adjustment for BMI and waist circumference attenuated this association (HR 1.28 [95% CI 0.97-1.69] and 1.35 [95% CI 1.03-1.78, P < 0.05 for trend], respectively). Upon adding HOMAIR in the models, the association was no longer significant. In adjusted HOMAIR-stratified analysis, the hs-CRP-diabetes association appeared stronger in participants with HOMAIR <3.0 compared with HOMAIR ≥3.0 (P < 0.0001 for interaction). The association was also stronger among nonobese participants, although not significant when adjusted for HOMAIR. Low-grade inflammation, as measured by hs-CRP level, may have an important role in the development of diabetes among African Americans with a lesser degree of insulin resistance.
Cancer of the Uterine Cervix in Norway by Histologic Type, 1970–84
Authors: T J Eide
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

A total of 6,202 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix was reported to the Cancer Registry in Norway from 1970 to 1984. Squamous cell carcinoma was reported in 86.1% of all cases, adenocarcinoma in 9.5%, and undifferentiated cancer in 3.6%; the heterogeneous group of "other malignant neoplasms" was 0.8% of all cases, most of which were sarcomas. During the 15-year period the average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for both squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated cancer decreased by 30 and 79%, respectively, whereas adenocarcinoma increased by 38%. The increase of adenocarcinoma was mostly confined to females 20-34 years of age. The decrease in incidence rates of undifferentiated cancer was observed in all age groups, whereas the fall in incidence rates for squamous cell carcinoma was demonstrated in females above 35 years of age only. Of all patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 55% were diagnosed in clinical stage I. Females with adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated cancer were diagnosed in stage I in 60 and 38% of the cases, respectively. The 5- and 10-year relative survival rates were highest for patients with squamous cell carcinoma at all stages, whereas a significantly less favorable prognosis was found for females with adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated cancer of the uterine cervix.
Making a Silk Purse Out of a Sow's Ear⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Peter R. Kowey, Gan-Xin Yan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Meta‐Analysis of Assay Sensitivity and Study Features in Clinical Trials of Pharmacologic Treatments for Osteoarthritis Pain
Authors: Robert H. Dworkin, Dennis C. Turk, Sarah Peirce‐Sandner, Hua He, Michael P. McDermott, Marc C. Hochberg, Joanne M. Jordan, Nathaniel P. Katz, Allison H. Lin, Tuhina Neogi, Bob A. Rappaport, Lee S. Simon, Vibeke Strand
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

To identify patient, study, and site factors associated with assay sensitivity in clinical trials of pharmacologic treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) pain.We examined associations between study characteristics and the standardized effect size (SES) in a database of 171 publicly available randomized clinical trials of pharmacologic treatment for OA pain. The included trials 1) evaluated oral, topical, or transdermal treatments, 2) had treatment durations of ≥7 days, 3) used parallel-group or crossover designs, 4) included patients with OA of the knee, hip, and/or hand, and 5) were placebo controlled and double blind. Crossover trials were excluded, because complete information was available for only 2 of 20 treatment conditions.There was considerable heterogeneity in the SES among the examined trials. A multiple meta-regression analysis indicated that trials with shorter treatment period durations and those that did not permit concomitant analgesics had significantly greater assay sensitivity. In univariate analyses of efficacious treatments, trials conducted outside North America and those with a minimum baseline pain intensity score (as defined by the inclusion criterion) of ≥40 (0-100 scale) had a significantly larger SES, although these relationships were not significant in the multiple meta-regression analysis.The analyses examined potentially modifiable correlates of study SES and showed that longer treatment durations and allowing concomitant analgesics in randomized clinical trials of OA pain are associated with reduced assay sensitivity. These data provide a foundation for investigating strategies to improve assay sensitivity and thereby decrease the likelihood of false-negative outcomes in randomized clinical trials of efficacious treatments for OA pain.
Brief Communication: Type-C RNA Viruses of the NIH Nude Mouse 2
Authors: Paul J. Price, Paul Arnstein, William A. Suk, Mina Lee Vernon, Robert J. Huebner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Several types of tumors from various species were propagated in NIH athymic nude mice. Subsequently, cell lines were established from the tumors and examined for evidence of type-C virus activity. Hybrid mice (NIH Swiss and BALB/c) harbored murine type-C viruses of three categories: N-tropic, B-tropic and X-tropic.
Late-breaking abstract: An automatic positive airway pressure algorithm designed for women: A bench study
Authors: Valentina Isetta, Miguel A Rodriguez, Daniel Navajas, Josep M Montserrat, Ramon Farré
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

INTRODUCTION Gender influences the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and thus positive airway pressure (PAP) requirements. As a result, adapting PAP device algorithms based on patient gender could improve efficacy and compliance with therapy. AIM To test a new automatic PAP (APAP) algorithm specifically designed for women with OSA. METHODS The new female OSA algorithm (AutoSet For Her (AFH); ResMed Ltd), and 6 other commercially-available APAP devices were tested. Device performance was assessed on a servo-controlled test bench (Rigau J, Chest 2006) set to simulate disturbed breathing patterns of a female OSA patient, defined as follows: a) apnoeas with obstruction (PAP 10 cmH2O). For each 4-h test, maximum PAP (Pmax), time to reach Pmax (Tmax), mean PAP applied (Pmean), residual obstructive events and achievement of breathing normalisation were assessed. RESULTS Results are summarized in the table.  Only AFH and device D normalised the breathing patterns simulated by the test bench. There were significant differences among devices in residual events, thus in their efficacy to treat the simulated female OSA patient. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a new APAP algorithm especially designed for female OSA can be effective and highlights that a significant number of current devices may not be optimal to treat female OSA patients effectively.
Change in bacterial aetiology of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis over 10 years: experience from a centre in south-east Asia
Authors: C.-C. Szeto, C.-B. Leung, K.-M. Chow, B. C.-H. Kwan, M.-C. Law, A. Y.-M. Wang, S.-F. Lui, P. K.-T. Li
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2005)
Phytohemagglutinin-induced differentiation and blastogenesis of precursor T cells from mouse bone marrow.
Authors: O W Press, C Rosse, J Clagett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

The cells in mouse bone marrow (BM) capable of responding to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were shown to be precursor T cells in experiments employing athymic mice, immunofluorescence, and specific lysis of T or B cells with cytotoxic antisera + complement. In contrast, the responses of lymph node (LN) and spleen (Spl) cells to this mitogen were shown by the same techniques to rely upon resident populations of mature T lymphocytes in these peripheral lymphoid organs. Cytolysis of T cells with anti-theta (anti-Thy 1), anti-thymocyte, or anti-brain antisera abolished the PHA responses of LN and Spl, but had no appreciable effect on the BM PHA response. Lysis of B cells with anti-mouse gamma globulin or anti-mouse IgM antisera had no significant effect on either Spl or BM blastogenesis in response to this lectin. Immunofluorescent studies with fluoresceinated anti-brain sera demonstrated acquisition of T-cell surface antigens by BM null lymphocytes during the blastogenic response of this tissue to PHA. The results of these immunofluorescence experiments were reproducible even when marrow obtained from nude mice and pretreated with anti-brain serum plus complement was employed. The implications of these findings with regard to prophylaxis against graft versus host disease in BM transplant recipients are discussed.
Cardiac autonomic responses exercise-induced during inpatient cardiac rehabilitation in patients undergoing CABG and left ventricular function different
Authors: Renata G. Mendes, Rodrigo P. Simåes, Fernando S.M. Costa, Camila B.F. Pantoni, Luciana Di Thommazo, Sérgio Luzzi, Othon Amaral-Neto, Aparecida M. Catai, Ross Arena, Audrey Borghi-Silva
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction : Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with reduced left ventricular function (LVF) are those who experience greater cardiac autonomic adaptation at rest after inpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR). However, the acute cardiac autonomic response (CAR) during exercise remains to be investigated. Aim: To assess whether physical exercises can evoke beneficial CAR in post-CABG patients with different LVF. Method : Forty-four patients, divided into LVF normal (LVFN, n=23) composed of patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)≥ 55% and LVF reduced group (LVFR, n=21) with LVEF = 35–54% were evaluated. CAR was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) during extremity ROM exercises and ambulation on the first postoperative day (PO1) and before discharge, respectively. Results : PO1 were observed significant intragroup differences for mean heartbeats intervals and heart rate to rest and exercise in both groups. During ambulation were found lower values of HRV (STDRR, TINN, SD2, shannon entropy and correlation dimension) to LVFR as well as for the change between rest and ambulation for the total HRV indices (STDRR, RRtri, TINN and SD2), parasympathetic activity (rMSSD) and complexity of the data (correlation dimension) (P <0.05). Conclusion: In patients with normal LVF, physical exercise triggered more attenuate CAR compared with patients with reduced LVF post-CABG. Thus, prescribed intensities of physical exercises at this time should be reviewed considering the differences of ventricular function of patients involved. Support: PNPD /Capes 23038.008208/2010-25, FAPESP 2009/54194-5.
Late-breaking abstract: CAP, HCAP and immunocompromised patients with pneumonia: Should we rethink the concepts?
Authors: Maria Carrabba, Marina Zarantonello, Cinzia Hu, Paola Bonara, Giovanna Fabio
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The entity of HCAP defined by the ATS/IDSA 2005 guidelines has been recently criticized for possible confusion create by too much heterogeneous population and “misleading microbiological data” that generate potential overtreatment. A reassignment of the criteria for HCAP to reconstruct the triad of CAP, HAP, and pneumonia in immunocompromised (IC) has been suggested.  The aim of this six-years prospectical cohort study is to compare demographics, aetiology and outcome of patients admitted with pneumonia and categorised as CAP, HCAP and IC.  In a tertiary care teaching hospital, 629 consecutive patients were classified as CAP (n=322), HCAP (n=88) and IC (n=219) according to the existing criteria. HAP, aspiration pneumonia and hemodialytic patients were excluded. The three groups patients9 characteristics and 30-day mortality were compared.  The mean age was 75.0 for CAP patients, 77.8 for HCAP and 70.8 for IC. 48.8% of CAP, 83.0% of HCAP and 73.1% of IC patients were older than 80 yrs of age. Mortality rate was 9.0% in CAP, 25.0% in HCAP and 23.7% in IC. The 30-day mortality of HCAP and IC patients had a similar trend that was far different from the mortality of CAP patients (p  In conclusion, these data suggest that our IC cohort seem not to be so different from the not-IC patients classified as HCAP by the 2005 ATS/IDSA guidelines. Further investigations are mandatory in order to redisign pneumonia categories.
Medications Versus Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Severely Depressed Outpatients: Mega-Analysis of Four Randomized Comparisons
Authors: Robert J. DeRubeis, Lois A. Gelfand, Tony Z. Tang, Anne D. Simons
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

The purpose of this study was to compare the acute outcomes of antidepressant medication and cognitive behavior therapy in the severely depressed outpatient subgroups of four major randomized trials. A secondary objective was to compare the results obtained in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program, upon which treatment guidelines have been based, with those obtained in the other three studies.Outcomes of antidepressant medication and cognitive behavior therapy were compared within each of the four studies separately and for patients aggregated across the four studies. In addition, the outcomes in the antidepressant medication and cognitive behavior therapy conditions of the Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program were compared with those obtained in the other three studies.The overall effect sizes comparing antidepressant medication to cognitive behavior therapy favored cognitive behavior therapy, but tests comparing the two modalities did not reveal a significant advantage for either modality overall.Cognitive behavior therapy has fared as well as antidepressant medication with severely depressed outpatients in four major comparisons. Until findings emerge from current or future comparative trials, antidepressant medication should not be considered, on the basis of empirical evidence, to be superior to cognitive behavior therapy for the acute treatment of severely depressed outpatients.
Efficacy of motavizumab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease in healthy Native American infants: a phase 3 randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Katherine L O'Brien, Aruna Chandran, Robert Weatherholtz, Hasan S Jafri, M Pamela Griffin, Terramika Bellamy, Eugene V Millar, Kathryn M Jensen, Brian S Harris, Raymond Reid, Lawrence H Moulton, Genevieve A Losonsky, Ruth A Karron, Mathuram Santosham
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2015)
Dementia: timely diagnosis and early intervention
Authors: L. Robinson, E. Tang, J.-P. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

#### The bottom line

Dementia describes a clinical syndrome that encompasses difficulties in memory, language, and behaviour that leads to impairments in activities of daily living. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common subtype of dementia, followed by vascular dementia, mixed dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Because the global population is rapidly ageing, dementia has become a concern worldwide1; the illness places considerable burden on individuals and their families and also on health and social care provision.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched for articles through Medline, PubMed, and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews from January 2006 to December 2014—the period after publication of the current UK national dementia guidance9—using the search terms “dementia”, “Alzheimer’s”, “carer”, and “caregiver”. Additional searches were carried out for specific subsections—for example, “pharmacologic treatment” and “non-pharmacologic interventions/strategies/treatment”. Where possible, we focused on systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and high quality randomised controlled trials. We included only articles in English and excluded those published in non-peer reviewed journals. Recommendations in this review are derived from the most recent international and UK national …
Inspiratory capacity measurement in primary care centers to evaluate bronchoditation response in COPD patients
Authors: Elena Lopez Santa Maria, Nuria Narina, Ruth Diez, Juan Galdiz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Spirometry can be considered a key element in the assessment of COPD patients in primary care centers (PCC). The slow maneuver is not a common practice in such environment. Bronchodilator respose (Bd) could be understimated if IC is not evaluated AIM; Assessing the usefulness of the measurement of inspiratory capacity (IC) in the evaluation of response bronchodilator in COPD patients in primary care centers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Transversal, multicenter, descriptive study performed in eight PCC. 113 COPD patients were included. Spirometries were carried out by eight techniciens who performed a two days training program in the slow maneuver (IC).We considered as acceptable maneuvers a coefficient of variation in the CI lower 10% and 150 ml in two maximum values of 3 with a maximum of eight maneuvers. The slow maneuver was performed prior to the forced manaeuver  RESULTS:113 patients, 99 H and 14 M, age 65±9,6 with a FEV1 1476±0, 53 (49% ±14) and FVC 2910 ±0, 85 (72% ±17). Globally we observed an increase post BD of 13% CI, 8.1 FEV1 and 8.3% FVC. In 56% (66/113) of patients the increase was > 250 ml in the IC. Evaluating patients according to severity, severe patients (FEV1 37% ±7.4) BD response was 13.3% CI, 9.1 % FEV1 and 10.7% FVC. In59% (37/60) the increase was > 250 ml in the IC. In the group of not severe patients (FEV1 61% ±7.7) the increase post BD was 10.8% CI, 7.4% FEV1 and 6.8% FVC.49% (24/53) increased >250 ml in the IC  CONCLUSIONS: The IC is a parameter that can be obtained in patients studied in primary care and that allows to identify the BD response in COPD patients improving the evaluation of BD response performed by the forced maneuver.
Androgen-Mediated Development of Irradiation-Induced Thyroid Tumors in Rats: Dependence on Animal Age During Interval of Androgen Replacement in Castrated Males&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C Hofmann, R Oslapas, R Nayyar, E Paloyan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

When male Long-Evans rats at age 8 weeks were radiation treated (40 microCi Na131I), thyroid follicular adenomas and carcinomas were observed at age 24 months with a high incidence of 94%. Castration of males prior to irradiation significantly reduced this tumor incidence to 60%. When testosterone (T) was replaced in castrated, irradiated male rats, differentially increased incidences of thyroid tumors occurred, depending on the time interval for hormone replacement. Immediate (age 2-6 mo) or early (age 6-12 mo) T replacement at approximate physiologic levels led to thyroid follicular tumor incidences of 100 and 82%, respectively, whereas intermediate (12-18 mo) or late (18-24 mo) T treatment led to only 70 and 73% incidences, respectively. Continuous T replacement (2-24 mo) in castrated irradiated male rats raised thyroid tumor incidence to 100%. Since elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a reported requisite for development of radiation-associated thyroid tumors, the effects of T on serum TSH levels were examined. Mean serum TSH values in all irradiated animal groups were significantly elevated above age-matched nonirradiated animals at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Serum TSH levels were higher in continuous T-replaced irradiated castrates than in intact, irradiated males, whereas such intact male TSH levels were greater than those for irradiated castrates without T treatment. Interval T replacement in castrated male rats was generally associated with increased serum TSH levels during the treatment interval and with lowered TSH levels after discontinuation of T treatment, particularly in irradiated rats. However, when irradiated, castrated males received late T replacement (age 18-24 mo), there was no elevation of TSH at the end of the treatment interval. Thus an indirect effect of T via early stimulation of TSH may be at least partly responsible for the high incidence of irradiation-induced thyroid tumors in rats.