tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract ES8-2: Circulating plasma tumor DNA as biomarkers for breast cancer therapy
Authors: Ben Ho Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Currently, oncologists use prior clinical trials data to recommend therapies based upon features of the tumor and clinical stage of the patient. A limitation with this approach is that these data are averaged from large groups of patients that are then applied to each individual. This creates uncertainty as there is currently no reliable method to identify whether an individual patient truly is at risk for an unfavorable outcome and would benefit from a specific intervention. Recently, we and others have demonstrated the feasibility of detecting circulating plasma tumor DNA in metastatic breast cancer patients using digital PCR. We have now extended these studies to include early stage breast cancer patients using the second generation platform of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). In this study the feasibility and accuracy of circulating plasma tumor DNA (ptDNA) detection was prospectively assessed by screening for the presence of tumor PIK3CA mutations in patients' plasma prior to and after breast surgery using ddPCR. We observed in early stage breast cancer patients that ddPCR could detect PIK3CA mutations preoperatively with 93.3% sensitivity (14 of 15 mutations detected) and 100% specificity (no false positives in 30 tumors). Moreover, 5 of 10 patients with PIK3CA mutation positive tumors continued to have mutant PIK3CA detected in their postoperative blood sample despite having no clinical evidence of disease. This work demonstrates that droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) can be used to accurately detect cancer DNA mutations in the blood of early stage breast cancer patients including those with minimal, clinically undetectable disease. Our results suggest that ddPCR provides an accurate and relatively non-invasive method for measuring residual disease and could be developed as a biomarker to identify early stage breast cancer patients at higher risk for recurrence to help make informed decisions regarding adjuvant therapies. Ongoing studies assessing mutational profiles from ptDNA from metastatic patients as well as patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapies will be discussed. Citation Format: Ben Ho Park. Circulating plasma tumor DNA as biomarkers for breast cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr ES8-2.
Role of Host Granulomatous Response in Murine Schistosomiasis Mansoni
Authors: G. Richard Olds, Adel A. F. Mahmoud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Eosinophils form 50% of cells in the host granulomatous response to Schistosoma mansoni eggs, but their functional role in these granulomas and their relation to egg destruction is unknown. We have studied the course of S. mansoni infection in mice treated with normal rabbit serum (NRS) or depleted of their eosinophils by monospecific anti-eosinophil serum (AES). At 6-wk of infection (after 2 wk of egg deposition) the AES-treated animals were similar to NRS-treated controls with the exception that hepatic granulomas in the AES-treated animals were 50% smaller and devoid of eosinophils. At 8 wk of infection, AES-treated mice had significantly higher mortality, spleen weight, portal pressure, and 80% more eggs retained in their livers. These data suggest that eosinophil depletion delayed egg destruction. We subsequently studied destruction of eggs injected into the pulmonary microvasculature of sensitized mice. 2,000 S. mansoni eggs were intravenously injected into the tail veins of mice treated with NRS, anti-neutrophil serum, AES or ATG (anti-thymocyte globulin); at time intervals the remaining eggs were recovered from the lungs by tissue digestion. Egg recovery from NRS- or anti-neutrophil serum-treated mice began to decrease by day 16 and the percent recovery of eggs at day 24 was 55 and 52%, respectively. In contrast, animals treated with AES had smaller lung granulomas that were devoid of eosinophils and a marked delay of egg destruction was seen. It took until day 44 for 50% of the eggs to be destroyed. In ATG-treated animals smaller granulomas were seen that had diminished lymphocytes and also 75% less eosinophils. ATG treatment apparently slowed egg destruction but was not statistically significant. Our data define the role of the eosinophils in destruction of schistosome eggs in vivo and delineates the protective function of these cells within the host granulomatous response.
Abstract 2633: Post Treatment with Periodic Acceleration (pGz) after Cardiac Arrest Decreases Acute Post Resuscitation Myocardial Stunning in Swine
Authors: Jose A Adams, Jorge Bassuk, Heng Wu, Jaqueline Arias, Dongmei Wu, Vinod Jorapur, Ricardo Benenstein, Gervasio Lamas, Paul Kurlansky
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Cosmetic surgery as an antecedent of life change
Authors: M L Belfer, J B Mulliken, T C Cochran
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

Of 42 patients who underwent cosmetic surgery, 4 patients, who gave no indication of an impending life change before surgery, obtained a legal separation or divorce 3-6 months later. These 4 patients had had strong parental domination and hostile relationships with younger siblings; they had a need for success on their own terms and for the rapid closure of potential conflict. The authors suggest that such patients are undergoing significant identity changes that become conscious only after cosmetic surgery, which tests out their shift from passivity and withdrawal to activity and participation.
Hospital death rates to be published for England
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Comparative mortality rates for NHS hospitals in England are to be published in October, the health secretary Frank Dobson announced this week. The move has been contemplated for over a year but has been accelerated by the case in Bristol, where death rates of children after heart surgery were unacceptably high (6 June, p 1691).

Mr Dobson has decided that reassurance to patients …
Abstract 19957: Why do Patients Participate in Clinical Trials?
Authors: Helena Dellborg, Gorel Hultsberg-Olsson, Mikael Dellborg
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Participation in clinical trials by patients with cardiovascular disease is paramount to the development of new pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Increased knowledge of what motivates participation to enter into clinical cardiovascular trials may enhance inclusion and retention and minimize lost to follow-up or withdrawal of consent

Methods: We mailed an 11-item questionnaire to 154 patients who were previously or currently participating in one of several clinical cardiovascular trials. We asked patients to score 11 statements from “highly accurate” to “not accurate at all” on a 5-grade scale. In addition, patients were asked to rank the three most important statements regarding their reasons for participation. In addition, data on age, gender, previous disease and other important comorbidities as well as duration of participation were noted by the patients on the form. All questionnaires were anonymized.

Results: 135 patients responded (87%), 78% were men, mean age 68 years. 92% were post-MI patients, 8% post-stroke. The highest score was given to a statement on the importance of continuity of care, followed by statement of altruistic nature i.e. wishing to promote science. The three most important reasons for participation as ranked by the patients were 1: Continuity of care i.e. the opportunity to see the same doctor and nurse at every visit, indicated by 88 patients (65%), followed by wishing to promote science, 73 patients (54)% and 43 patients (32%) indicated that participation in a clinical trial would provide better and more qualified care post MI or post stroke to be an important reason. The least important reason was economic i.e. that visits are free, indicated to be important by only 2 patients.

Conclusions: Patients who participate in clinical trials do so because it may provide access to better and more continuous care but equally important are altruistic motives including a wish to promote science
Anleitungen zu den Präparierübungen an der Menschlichen Leiche.
Authors: Georg Ruge
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 18751: Inhalable Delivery of AAV-based Mrp4/abcc4 Silencing Rna Attenuates Monocrotaline-induced Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Caroline Claude, Nathalie Mougenot, Julia Bechaux, Michel Clergue, Fabrice Atassi, Anne-Marie Lompré, Jean-Sebastien Hulot
Journal: Circulation (2014)

The ATP-binding cassette transporter MRP4 (encoded by ABCC4) functions as a plasma membrane efflux pump to extrude cyclic nucleotides from various cell types. MRP4 regulates membrane cyclic nucleotides concentrations in arterial cells including smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In previous experiments, we have shown that MRP4 silencing inhibits SMCs proliferation in vitro. Concordantly, MRP4/ABCC4 deficient mice display a reduction in SMCs proliferation and a prevention of pulmonary hypertension in response to hypoxia. We here aimed to study gene transfer of a MRP4/ABCC4 silencing RNA via intratracheal delivery (using a MicroSprayer® Aerosolizer) of aerosolized adeno-associated virus 1 (AAV1.shMRP4 or AAV1.control) in a monocrotaline-induced model of pulmonary hypertension in rats. Gene transfer was performed at the time of monocrotaline administration and the effect on the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling was assessed thirty-five days later. The efficiency of this approach to transduce the lung vasculature was firstly assessed using inhalable AAV1 carrying LacZ encoding the β-galactosidase protein (AAV1.βGal, 1x10e11 DRP/animal). X-gal staining was clearly observed in bronchial smooth muscle cells and in the intima and media of large and small vessels. We then aimed to evaluate the effect of targeted vascular gene transfer of AAV1.shMRP4 on pulmonary hemodynamics and vascular remodeling. AAV1.shMRP4 dose-dependently reduced right ventricular systolic pressure and hypertrophy with a significant reduction with the higher doses (i.e., >10e11 DRP/animal) as compared to AAV1.control. The higher dose of AAV1.shMRP4 was also associated with a significant reduction in distal pulmonary arteries remodeling. AAV1.shMRP4 was finally associated with a reduction in the expression of ANF, a marker of cardiac hypertrophy.  In conclusion, we showed that localized viral gene knockout of MRP4 in pulmonary vessels help to limit pulmonary vessels remodeling in a model of monocrotaline-induced PAH in rats. Collectively, these results support a therapeutic potential for downregulation of MRP4 for the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension.
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older — United States, 2017
Authors: David K. Kim, Laura E. Riley, Kathleen H. Harriman, Paul Hunter, Carolyn B. Bridges
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

In October 2017, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted to approve the Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older, United States, 2018. The 2018 adult immunization schedule summarizes ACIP recommendations in two figures and a table of contraindications and precautions for vaccines recommended for adults, and is intended is to assist health care providers in implementing the current ACIP recommendations for vaccinating adults. The schedule can be found at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules.* The full ACIP recommendations for each vaccine are available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/index.html. The 2018 adult immunization schedule has also been approved by the American College of Physicians (https://www.acponline.org), the American Academy of Family Physicians (https://www.aafp.org), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (https://www.acog.org), and the American College of Nurse-Midwives (http://www.midwife.org). The ACIP-recommended use of each vaccine is developed after an in-depth review of vaccine-related data, including data on disease epidemiology, vaccine efficacy and effectiveness, vaccine safety, feasibility of program implementation, and economic aspects of immunization policy (1).
Abstract 19693: Modeling Adaptive Growth -- Biomimetic Culture of Neonatal Aortic Root Explants
Authors: Laura M Piechura, Jacques P Guyette, Sarah E Gilpin, Douglas J Mathisen, Harald C Ott
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Heart valve disease afflicts individuals of all ages, but current treatments, involving replacement with non-viable prosthetics, are particularly suboptimal for young patients. To design “growing” valve replacements, postnatal growth mechanisms must be elucidated; models of adaptive growth are lacking, thereby hindering these investigations. We hypothesized that physiologic mechanical loading with growth factor stimulation would enable the adaptive growth of aortic root explants in vitro. To this end, we designed a biomimetic perfusion bioreactor that permits the concomitant delivery of these factors. Methods and Results: We constructed a chamber for culturing neonatal rat hearts under pulsatile flow conditions. Parameters were adjusted to mimic native physiology using ultrasound assessment of cusp motion and invasive measurement of left ventricular and aortic pressures. Culture medium was designed by quantification of key growth factor (IGF-1, TGF-β 2 , VEGF, EGF, BMP-2 and FGF-2) concentrations within age-matched serum via ELISA. Explants were cultured for five days. Controls were explanted from age- and size-matched pups. Dynamically-cultured samples exhibited similar proliferation rates at early time points when compared to those of valve cusps in vivo as assessed by EdU incorporation (10.5% vs. 14.9%, p=0.35). After five days of dynamic culture, native proliferation rates were achieved only with concomitant growth factor administration (13.3% control; 13.1% dynamic+GF; 3.1% dynamic alone). There was no evidence of proliferation in statically-cultured controls. Conclusions: We describe a novel biomimetic culture system that permits the modeling of adaptive growth in aortic root explants. Our results demonstrate recapitulation of in vivo cell proliferation rates in dynamically-cultured hearts and suggest a role for mechanical and humoral stimulation in mediating aortic valve growth. This system enables the elucidation and manipulation of the mechanisms driving postnatal heart valve growth, thereby informing the design of the ideal pediatric valve graft with adaptive growth potential.
Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy is caused by a mutation in CDH3, encoding P-cadherin
Authors: Eli Sprecher, Reuven Bergman, Gabriele Richard, Raziel Lurie, Stavit Shalev, Dan Petronius, Adel Shalata, Yefim Anbinder, Rina Leibu, Ido Perlman, Nadine Cohen, Raymonde Szargel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Causes Sought for Neural Tube Defects in Infants of Diabetic Pregnant Women
Authors: M J Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 14937: Impact of Myocardial Bridging on Stent-edge Compression in Left Anterior Descending Coronary Arteries
Authors: Shigemitsu Tanaka, Ryotaro Yamada, Yuhei Kobayashi, Kozo Okada, Kyuhachi Otagiri, Hideki Kitahara, Paul G Yock, Peter J Fitzgerald, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  In clinical settings, stent implantation under myocardial bridging (MB) does not always lead to chronic stent recoil. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical stent response to MB in relation to the relative positioning and the severity of arterial compression.   Methods:  Serial (baseline and 8 months) IVUS was performed in 321 LAD lesions treated with a drug-eluting stent. Significant chronic stent recoil was defined as >10% decrease in stent volume during follow-up. Geography of stent recoil was evaluated by dividing the stent into 3 subsegments: proximal 5-mm, mid-body, and distal 5-mm. MB was identified as an echolucent muscle band partially surrounding the artery. At a non-stented segment, arterial compression by MB was quantified as a decrease in vessel area at systole standardized by vessel area at end-diastole (%).   Results:  MB was identified in 93 patients, 45.1% of which had the distal stent segment located under the MB (stent-in-MB). Compared with non-MB patients as a control group, the incidence of chronic recoil was significantly higher in the stent-in-MB patients, particularly at the distal stent segment (left figure). The degree of stent recoil (decrease in stent volume) positively correlated with the degree of arterial compression, both at the mid-body (p   Conclusion:  Both relative stent positioning and arterial compression determine chronic stent recoil. Stenting into the tunneled segment may result in significant chronic recoil, particularly when arterial compression measures 15% or greater.
Abstract 17383: Total Left Ventricular Unloading with Impella® during Ischemia Reperfusion Minimizes Infarct Size, Preserves Left Ventricular Function and Prevents Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Takamoro Kakaino, Keita Saku, Takahiro Arimura, Takuya Akashi, Akiko Nishizaki, Yasuhiro Oga, Masataka Ikeda, Takuya Kishi, Tomomi Ide, Kenji Sunagawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Despite marked advances of revascularization, acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major cause of chronic heart failure (CHF). Since excessive oxygen demand relative to supply is the fundamental mechanism of ischemia, we previously demonstrated, using a conventional left ventricular assist device (VAD), that total left ventricular (LV) unloading markedly reduced the MI size in ischemia reperfusion (IR) model through minimizing the myocardial oxygen consumption in acute experiment. The purpose of this investigation was to examine if the transvascular VAD, Impella®, could totally unload LV during IR and preserve LV function in chronic phase.   Methods:  We allocated 15 dogs into 3 groups, Sham (n=4), IR (n=6) and IR+Impella® (n=5). In IR and IR+Impella®, we ligated the left anterior descending artery for 180min through a left thoracotomy and then reperfused. In IR+Impella®, we introduced Impella® through the left subclavian artery from 60 min after the beginning of ischemia to 90 min after reperfusion. We then assessed LV function and MI size 4 weeks after IR injury.   Results:  Under Impella® support, LV pressure was much lower than arterial pressure indicating total LV unloading. In comparison with IR, Impella® significantly improved LV ejection fraction (2D-echo, Fig) (Sham 64±2.8, IR 48±3.1, IR+Impella® 64±1.2%, p=0.0007), lowered LVEDP (Sham 5.9±1.1, IR 16±3.7, IR+Impella® 4.3±0.87mmHg, p   Conclusions:  Total LV unloading during IR with Impella® strikingly reduces MI size and preserves LV function in chronic phase. Impella® is a powerful tool in the management of acute MI in preventing CHF.