tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 300: Implementation of the Combination of CAB Algorithm and CC-Only CPR Does Not Worsen the Outcomes of Paediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests: Nation Wide Population Based Study
Authors: Naoki Shimizu, Kunio Ohta, Masahiko Nitta, Nobuaki Inoue, Naohiro Yonemoto, Hiroshi Nonogi, Ken Nagao, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Backgrounds: Although cardiac arrest with respiratory origin is dominant in children, CAB algorithm was implemented in guidelines 2010 on top of chest compression only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CC-only CPR) to let citizen BLS be simple. There is no evaluation done on paediatric outcomes after these changes. Methods: In a nationwide out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registration from 2005 to 2011, we enrolled 13,159 children aged less than 18 years old. Data collected including the date of the event, age of victim, type of CPR, time from collapse to initiate CPR, and several outcomes (return of spontaneous circulation; ROSC, one-month survival, neurological outcome). Favorable outcome was defined as cerebral performance category 1 or 2. Data was analyzed in chronological fashion in each year. Results: Resuscitation was attempted on 12,594 children during this period. In each year, total cases were 1,799 per year in average (range of 1,619-2,074), ROSC was achieved in 114 cases (6.3[5.8-7.7]%), one-month survival in 72 (4.0[3.2-5.2]%), and good neurological outcome in 46 (2.6[2.0-3.1]%). In witnessed victims, total cases were 465 per year in average (range of 412-531), ROSC was achieved in 59 (13[11-15]%), one-month survival in 41 (8.8[6.5-12]%), and good neurological outcome in 30 (6.4[4.4-7.9]%). Bystander CPR was done in 234 (50%) cases per year and no trend of chronological change, however, CC-only CPR tend to be done more recently (27% in 2005 vs. 62% in 2011). With these backgrounds, there was no significant improvement of time from collapse to start CPR, but no deterioration of outcomes either, so far. Analysis after excluding infants showed same trends, and one month survival has a tendency to get better (p=0.08). Conclusions: The combination of CAB algorithm and CC-only CPR did not worsen the outcomes of paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest based on the nation wide population based study. Enhancement of bystander CPR and further encouragement of shortening the time to initiate CPR is warranted.
When I use a word: Medical emoticons
Authors: Jeff Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

On 19 September 1982 a computer scientist at the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Scott E Fahlman, sent an email message to his colleagues, who had been discussing how to mark jokes in an email text:

“I propose the following character sequence for joke markers::-) Read it sideways. Actually, it's probably more economical to mark things that are NOT jokes, given current trends. For this, use:-(”

This is generally agreed to be the first example of what are now called emoticons, or smileys, the little sets of symbols that are used as markers in email messages. In fact, there is a pre-history of such symbols. According to the Official Smiley Dictionary (www.smileydictionary.com), in 1972 a French journalist called Franklin Loufrani invented a picture consisting of a bubble with two dots for eyes and a curve for a smiling mouth, thus ; he called it a smiley and used it and derivatives to mark articles in France soir and other newspapers.

Whatever their origin, emoticons are popular and have spawned explanatory dictionaries and websites. Here are my suggestions for some medical emoticons. Remember to hold the page sideways.​sideways.




Table 1
a€:-| Male pattern baldness 	:-(#) Tonsillitis 	
@:-| Alopecia areata 	:-)) Mania 	
8-) Myopia 	:'-((Depression 	
%-) Strabismus 	:-§ Bipolar disorder 	
!-) Ptosis 	:-(# Torticollis 	
::--)) Diplopia 	€:-)X Harley Street doctor 	
8-)) 8 Graves' disease 	€:-) :- Man 	
¶-(Migraine 	#:-)3 Woman 	
:-•(Coryza 	€:-(3 Gynaecomastia 	
:#(Broken nose 	#:-) O Pregnancy 	
:o(Rhinophyma 	€:-(O Ascites 	
:¬| Scleroderma 	€:-(O Hydrocele 	
:-|==== Marfan's syndrome 	€:-(¬ Impotence 	
:-£ Congenital syphilis 	€:-))  Viagra 	
:-/ Bell's palsy 	€:-(( Priapism 	


View it in a separate window



There was a time when doctors would write abbreviations and acronyms, such as GOK (God only knows) or TALOIA (there's a lot of it about), in patients' notes. Now instead we can draw emoticons. I expect to see this happen before too long.
European perspective on human polyomavirus infection, replication and disease in solid organ transplantation
Authors: H.H Hirsch, N. Babel, P. Comoli, V. Friman, F. Ginevri, A. Jardine, I. Lautenschlager, C. Legendre, K. Midtvedt, P. Muñoz, P. Randhawa, C.H Rinaldo, A. Wieszek
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Abstract 3136: Adoptive transfer of bone marrow T cells induces antitumor immune responses in murine models of melanoma and neuroblastoma
Authors: Krithika N. Kodumudi, Amy Weber, Ellen Moore, Amod Sarnaik, Shari Pilon-Thomas
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Bone marrow (BM) serves as a reservoir for a unique population of memory T cells. Tumor-specific T cells have been identified in the bone marrow of cancer patients. However, few direct functional analyses of tumor-specific responses in T cells isolated from BM have been performed. In this study, we investigated the ability of bone marrow T cells to induce anti-tumor immunity in mice bearing neuro2A neuroblastoma or B16 melanoma. To demonstrate the presence of antigen-specific T cells in BM, we first examined the percent of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in vaccinated mice. The overall percent of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells was much higher in BM compared to spleen and lymph nodes of vaccinated mice. To investigate the ability of antigen-specific BM T cells to induce cytotoxic function, BM T cells were isolated from mice vaccinated with OVASIINFEKL peptide pulsed dendritic cells (DC). Expanded BM T cells from DC vaccinated mice co-cultured with M05 or irrelevant tumor cells led to tumor-specific cytotoxicity (p&amp;lt;0.001). In B16 tumor-bearing mice, T cells isolated from BM produced IFN-gamma in response to gp100 peptide (1400+210 pg/ml). Adoptive transfer of BM T cells isolated from B16-bearing mice led to a delay in tumor growth compared to control groups (p&amp;lt;0.001). In the neuroblastoma model, T cells isolated from BM of neuro2A-bearing mice produced higher levels of IFN-gamma and were tumor-specific (250+90 pg/ml, p&amp;lt;0.01 compared to T cells cultured with irrelevant tumor cells). Adoptive transfer of expanded BM T cells and DC vaccination in the setting of BM transplant led to a significant delay in tumor growth and enhanced survival in neuro2A bearing mice compared to BM transplant + DC vaccination alone group (p&amp;lt;0.02). These studies demonstrate that tumor-specific T cells can be isolated from the BM of tumor-bearing mice. Adoptive transfer of T cells expanded from the BM can delay tumor growth and improve survival. These studies support the isolation and expansion of T cells from the BM for use in adoptive cell therapy strategies in patients with neuroblastoma and melanoma. Citation Format: Krithika N. Kodumudi, Amy Weber, Ellen Moore, Amod Sarnaik, Shari Pilon-Thomas. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow T cells induces antitumor immune responses in murine models of melanoma and neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3136. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3136
Self-induced depersonalization syndrome
Authors: Raymond B. Kennedy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The author reports two cases in which depersonalization occurred during the waking consciousness of individuals who had engaged in meditative techniques designed to alter consciousness. Psychiatrists should be aware of this phenomenon, as the number organizations in the "consciousness movement" is increasing, and should ask people manifesting depersonalization about any involvement in activities leading to altered states of consciousness. In some cases it might be appropriate to refer such patients to responsible groups that teach altered consciousness by meditation as an egosyntonic desirable state. The author cautions against the use of phenothiazines in cases where depersonalization is a prominent feature.
The effect of mobile phone text messages for quitting smoking in motivated smokers: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Julia Walters, Stuart Ferguson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Despite strong public health measures and availability of pharmacotherapy, smokers continue to find it difficult to quit smoking. Behavioural support is a mainstay of comprehensive cessation interventions, traditionally offered via static help booklets. A few recent studies have supported using text messages to deliver support to smokers during a quit attempt. However, they have typically allowed the co-use of pharmacotherapy and included messages prompting the use of pharmacotherapy.  We aimed to explore the effectiveness of a text message-based behavioural support program in the absence of pharmacotherapy.  Methods: Between 2011-13 we recruited 284 smokers with high motivation to quit. Participants were randomised to receive text messages at 4-5 random times a day and on request (including general quitting tips, motivational enhancement, cognitive and behavioural coping advice) plus a quit booklet (n=145) or a quit booklet only (n=139). All participants monitored smoking, affect and activities in real-time using hand-held smartphones during a quit attempt. Self-reported smoking status was verified by expired air CO analysis at weekly study visits.  Results: 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 28-days was disappointing low in both groups; text 5%, control: 9%, (pg.05).  Conclusions: The observed quit rates were on par with studies using brief advice in the absence of pharmacotherapy. Behavioural support offered by text messages in the absence of pharmacotherapy did not improve outcomes. It is possible that efficacy in earlier studies was partly driven by improved use of smoking cessation medications.
ACE Inhibition and Heart Failure
Authors: Bruce C. Stein
Journal: Circulation (1998)

A primary rhythm in the central nervous system that entrains both heart rate, blood pressure, and ventilation 1 is suggested by profound effects on angina through consciously focusing on breathing and intervening pauses; adaptation to stress manifested by slower, deeper breathing, contributing to a 6.5-fold reduction in mortality; and the role of a slower rate of living in a lifespan increased 5-fold. 2 This hypothesis is supported by the association of the reduction of blood pressure with longer, less recurrent speech hesitation pauses 1 second or more in length, manifested by pauses averaging 1.18 seconds at Ͼ2 per minute and 1.93 seconds at 1 per minute, thus yielding a ratio of 0.611, approximating the golden section 0.618 (range, 0.534 to 0.833).It is also supported by the fact that even brief (1-5-second) spontaneous pauses in ongoing patterned behaviors are accompanied by an immediate reduction of 5-hydroxytryptamine neuronal activity to or below baseline levels, coordinating autonomic, motor, and sensory functions 3 and serotonergic modulation of dopamine 4 lateralized to the right hemisphere, thereby preventing disruption of brain stem cardiovascular control and lefthemisphere dominance associated with hazardous surges of sympathetic tone in abnormal awake respiratory patterns that are common in chronic heart failure manifested by cardiac dysrhythmia and vasoconstriction. 1,2
Healthcare-associated infections: think globally, act locally
Authors: J.-P. Marcel, M Alfa, F Baquero, J Etienne, H Goossens, S Harbarth, W Hryniewicz, W Jarvis, M Kaku, R Leclercq, S Levy, D Mazel, P Nercelles, T Perl, D Pittet, C. Vandenbroucke-Grauls, N Woodford, V Jarlier
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2008)
Two Factor XI Concentrates Correct Impaired Thrombin Generation in Major FXI Deficiency but Are Not Equivalent in Their Effect
Authors: Gillian N Pike, Anthony M Cumming, Charles R.M Hay, Brenda Sempasa, Megan Sutherland, Jecko Thachil, John Burthem, Paula H. B Bolton-Maggs
Journal: Blood (2014)
The effect of secular trends and specialist neurocritical care on mortality for patients with intracerebral haemorrhage, myasthenia gravis and Guillain–Barré syndrome admitted to critical care
Authors: Maxwell S. Damian, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Robin Howard, Tony Bellotti, David Harrison, Kathryn Griggs, Kathryn Rowan
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Abstract 345: Is There Any Reproducible Correlation Between Coronary Artery Plaque Burden Assessed by Cardiac CT and Serum Levels of Inflammatory Biomarkers?
Authors: Johannes Rixe, Alexander Koch, Andreas Rolf, Holger Nef, Helge Moellmann, Holger Steiger, Christoph Liebetrau, Christian W. Hamm, Thorsten Dill
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Abstract #LB-250: Inhibition of hedgehog signaling in prostate cancer cell lines by phytoestrogens:Indications for crosstalk between estrogen- and hedgehog-signaling pathways
Authors: Anna Slusarz, Sara Drenkhahn, Rosa Moo Puc, Jinghua Liu, Nicholas Starkey, Mary Sakla, Nader Shenouda, Acharan Narula, Ruth MacDonald, Cynthia Besch-Williford, Jennifer Bogener, Dennis Lubahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Many botanical compounds have been proposed to prevent cancer and some may potentially work via inhibition of the hedgehog signaling pathway. We investigated the cancer treatment and prevention abilities of apigenin, baicalein, curcumin, EGCG, genistein, quercetin, and resveratrol, both  in vivo  in TRAMP (TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate) mice, as well as  in vitro  in human (PC3, LNCaP) and mouse (TRAMP-C2) prostate cancer cell lines.  Hypothesis:  The selected botanical compounds will decrease or delay cancer incidence  in vivo  and inhibit prostate cancer growth  in vitro . Mechanistically, those compounds will have an impact on the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, acting through Estrogen Receptors.  Results:  All 7 compounds when fed as pure compounds or as crude plant extracts to TRAMP mice inhibit well differentiated carcinoma of the prostate, by up to 82%. They are working primarily through the estrogen receptor as demonstrated by lack of significant effects in ERKO studies.  In vitro  all 7 compounds also inhibit cell growth in human, as well as in mouse prostate cancer cell lines. In our experiments, all 7 botanical compounds act similarly to the hedgehog antagonist, cyclopamine, a teratogenic plant alkaloid, which has been shown to \#8220;cure\#8221; prostate cancer in a mouse xenograft model. With IC 50  values ranging from  Gli1  mRNA concentration by up to 95% and down regulate Gli-reporter activity by 80%, with curcumin being the strongest inhibitor. We show that four compounds, genistein, curcumin, EGCG, and resveratrol, inhibit hedgehog signaling as monitored by real-time RT-PCR analysis of  Gli1  mRNA concentration or by Gli-reporter activity. Three compounds, apigenin, baicalein, and quercetin, decreased  Gli1  mRNA concentration but not Gli-reporter activity. We were also interested to investigate possible crosstalk between hedgehog and estrogen signaling since all of these botanical compounds show estrogenic activity. We show that E2, and both the ER\#945; selective compound PPT, and the ER\#946; selective DPN are able to inhibit  Gli1 mRNA  in TRAMP-C2. Surprisingly, the pure antiestrogen ICI is also able to inhibit  Gli1  expression.  CONCLUSIONS : Combined, these results indicate a potential regulatory role of estrogen-signaling on the hedgehog signaling pathway. Finally, the phytoestrogens investigated are potentially a cheap, safe and effective alternative to cyclopamine in cancer treatment trials.   Citation Information:  In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-250.
Impact of cumulative lifetime trauma and recent stress on current posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in holocaust survivors
Authors: R Yehuda, B Kahana, J Schmeidler, S M Southwick, S Wilson, E L Giller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among cumulative lifetime trauma, recent stressful events, and presence and severity of current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in Holocaust survivors and nonexposed comparison subjects.Lifetime trauma, recent stressful events, and presence and severity of PTSD were assessed in Holocaust survivors (N=72) and comparison subjects ( N=19).Survivors with PTSD (N =40) reported significantly greater cumulative trauma and recent stress than survivors without PTSD (N=32) and comparison subjects. Severity of PTSD symptoms, cumulative trauma, and recent stress were significantly associated.The presence and severity of current PTSD were related to having experienced stressful events in addition to the Holocaust.
Abstract 2826: Equimolar vs. pharmacokinetics-guided dosing in anti-cancer efficacy assessment of precursor-product pairs: Example with pyranocoumarins from Korean Angelica
Authors: Wei Wu, Manohar Puppala, Suni Tang, Jinhui Zhang, Chengguo Xing, Cheng Jiang, Junxuan Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Prostate cancer is a malignant disease quite unique to men and has the second highest mortality rate next to lung cancer in the United States, with an estimated 233,000 new cases to be diagnosed in 2014. Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) is a traditional medicinal herb in Korea and China. Ethanol extract of dried AGN root has been shown by us and others to exert anti-cancer activity in several allograft and xenograft models. In recently completed studies in primary carcinogenesis model (TRAMP mice), our group has demonstrated that AGN ethanol extract can significantly suppress the growth of neuroendocrine (NE)-lineage cancers and inhibit prostate epithelial lineage lesions. These studies also found that major pyranocoumarin isomer compounds decursin (D) and decursinol angelate (DA) from AGN when provided at equimolar intake to that provided by AGN accounted for the epithelial lineage suppression efficacy, but was less active than AGN extract against NE-Ca growth. Because rodent models and humans convert D/DA rapidly and extensively (&amp;gt;95%) into decusinol (DOH), we hypothesize that DOH (and/or its metabolites) may be the true “active” chemical for suppressing the epithelial cancer. To test this, we compared oral gavage of DOH at equimolar dose as D/DA in SCID mice carrying human LNCaP/AR-Luc cells inoculated subcutaneously. Whereas DOH treated mice showed greater suppression of tumor growth than D/DA, measurement of plasma DOH levels showed 1.7 fold higher in the former at 3 h post-dose. Our earlier work has shown in a rat model that gavage of DOH led to 2.4 fold area under curve (AUC) over that achieved by equimolar dosing of D/DA, suggesting differences for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of DOH vs. D/DA in other species as well. We are currently conducting PK studies of DOH and D/DA in mice to establish their PK parameters in order to achieve bio-equivalent dosing to critically test DOH efficacy and our hypothesis. In summary, PK-evaluation of precursor-product pairs might be important to determine bio-equivalent dosing before costly anti-cancer efficacy tests are conducted to ensure valid efficacy comparison. Citation Format: Wei Wu, Manohar Puppala, Suni Tang, Jinhui Zhang, Chengguo Xing, Cheng Jiang, Junxuan Lu. Equimolar vs. pharmacokinetics-guided dosing in anti-cancer efficacy assessment of precursor-product pairs: Example with pyranocoumarins from Korean Angelica. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2826. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2826
Pharmacodynamic study of skin biopsy specimens in patients (pts) with refractory or advanced malignancies following administration of AP23573, an mTOR inhibitor
Authors: V. M. Rivera, J. I. Kreisberg, M. M. Mita, M. Goldston, H. L. Knowles, J. Herson, E. Rowinksy, C. L. Bedrosian, A. Tolcher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

3033 Background: The mTOR inhibitor AP23573 is a novel non-prodrug analog of rapamycin. Inhibition of mTOR is marked by a decrease in the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. In a phase I dose-escalation study, pts with advanced solid tumors received AP23573 as a 30-min IV infusion QDx5 every 2 wks. To assess the ability of AP23573 to penetrate tissue and inhibit its intended target, levels of phosphorylated S6 (P-S6) in skin were measured pre and post treatment. Methods: Skin biopsy specimens were collected on Days 1 (pre and 4 h post infusion), 3 (pre) and 15 (pre and 4 h post infusion). Levels of P-S6 (Ser235/236) and p70 S6K, as a control, were evaluated by IHC. The staining intensity (0–3 scale) and the % positive cells were determined and the product of these values used to derive a “staining index” (0–300 range). Results: Thirty-two pts received AP23573 doses ranging from 3 to 28 mg in 6 dose-level cohorts. Skin biopsies were obtained from 28 pts and full analysis has been completed on 23. In 20/23 pts, P-S6 levels were inhibited by >=50% at one or more timepoints after dosing. Staining of total p70 S6K remained constant. On average, the P-S6 staining index was decreased by 27–33% at the 4 h and Day 3 timepoints. In 8/22 pts analyzed, P-S6 inhibition was sustained for at least 10 days post-dosing. The degree of P-S6 inhibition did not appear to correlate tightly with dose, although there was a trend toward lower average post-dose staining indices in the mid- and high-dose groups. Preliminary analysis suggests that inhibition of S6 phosphorylation in skin did not correlate closely with response (PR, MR or SD as determined by RECIST) in this diverse pt population (p=0.19). Conclusions: AP23573 exerted a pharmacodynamic effect in >85% of pts, confirming penetration of the drug in skin as a surrogate for the tumor. These results also support the need for a panel of biomarkers in the tumor as a possible predictor of response. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Ariad, Immunosignal Transduction, LLC Ariad Ariad Ariad