tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Eve of Saint John&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EXPERIMENTS ON INSECT TRANSMISSION OF THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: C. W. Howard, Paul F. Clark
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

The domestic fly (Musca domestica) can carry the virus of poliomyelitis in an active state for several days upon the surface of the body and for several hours within the gastro-intestinal tract. Mosquitos (Culex pipiens, Culex sollicitans, and Culex cantator), in our experiments, have not taken up and maintained in a living state the virus from the spinal cord of monkeys. Lice (Pediculus capitis and Pediculus vestimenti) have not taken the virus out of the blood of monkeys or maintained it in a living state. The bedbug (Cimex lectularius) has taken the virus with the blood from infected monkeys and maintained it in a living state within the body for a period of seven days.
Asbestos Content in Lungs of Occupationally and Nonoccupationally Exposed Individuals
Authors: Ronald F. Dodson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Previous reports have indicated that a majority of the population has asbestos bodies within their lungs. These studies generally have been carried out using cohorts from urban environments. The present study compares the asbestos body levels from three unique cohorts: (1) a nonoccupationally exposed group from a large urban environment having a relatively low asbestos content, (2) patients with lung cancer from a nonurban setting, and (3) amosite asbestos workers, who worked and lived in a rural setting. The number of asbestos bodies in both the urban nonoccupationally exposed group and the patients with lung cancer was generally found to be low or below limits of detectability, with the exceptions being those persons in whom an occupational exposure was eventually found. The ferruginous body content of the occupationally exposed group varied considerably between individuals as well as between sites within the same individual.
OUTCOMES OF HEART FAILURE RELATED ADMISSIONS IN ADULTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN THE UNITED STATES: A POPULATION BASED STUDY
Authors: Fred H. Rodriguez, Douglas S. Moodie, Dhaval R. Parekh, Wayne J. Franklin, David L.S. Morales, Farhan Zafar, Daniel E. Graves, Joseph W. Rossano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The creeping privatisation of NHS prescribing
Authors: I Heath
Journal: BMJ (1994)

On 1 April this year the NHS prescription charge rose from pounds sterling 4.25 to pounds sterling 4.75. This was an increase of 11.8%, almost six times the rate of inflation, and the 16th rise in the prescription charge since 1979, producing a total rise of over 2000%. A total of pounds sterling300m is raised by prescription charges but the charge is paid for only one in five prescriptions. All the rest are provided to patients in one or other of the exempt categories.1 The burden of this particular form of indirect taxation is falling on a small minority of health service users.

For some reason general practitioners responded to this particular rise in a way they had not done before: they began to issue private prescriptions to non-exempt patients whenever the cost of the medicines was less than the prescription charge. They were supported in this by many community pharmacists.2 Private prescriptions began to be issued on …
Indias health levels a mix of success and embarrassment, says report
Authors: S. Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A report on improvements in life expectancy and standards of health in India gives a mixed picture of the country's achievements in recent years.

“India's post-independence achievement in longevity and health of the population is a story of some successes and some embarrassments—perhaps in equal measures,” says the first ever National Human Development Report , released last week by the Planning Commission.

The human development index, comprising eight key indicators—including incidence of poverty, access to safe drinking water, and infant mortality—improved by 26% nationally during the 1980s and by another 24% in the 1990s, says the report. But at the state level “there are wide disparities in …
Role of potassium channels in cycle length dependent regulation of action potential duration in mammalian cardiac Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibres
Authors: B. Surawicz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

This review examines the putative role played by three repolarising potassium currents, namely the transient outward current (ito), the inward rectifying current (iKI) and the late outward rectifying current (IK), in the regulation of action potential duration in cardiac Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibres under normal physiological conditions. The role of other potassium currents, including the ATP activated current (IK,ATP) under these conditions is uncertain. Personal experiences and work of others are reviewed to summarise: (1) regulation of normal cycle length dependent action potential duration; (2) the characteristics of ito, IKI, and IK pertinent to repolarisation; and (3) the effects of potassium channel blockers and activators on cycle length dependent action potential duration. The presence of ito creates a notch after depolarisation and limits action potential duration at long cycles. Block of iKI prolongs action potential duration predominantly by slowing phase 3 of the action potential. Block of is prolongs the duration predominantly by lengthening phase 2 of the action potential, and the lengthening becomes more pronounced at longer cycles. Activation of IKATP shortens the duration, and the shortening becomes more pronounced at longer cycles. Each of the three major repolarising potassium currents appears to play a different role in modulating the action potential duration. Ito creates a notch which resets the early course of plateau, and also limits the duration at long cycles, iki contributes to maintenance of plateau and controls repolarisation course during phase 3 of the action potential. IK plays major role in controlling action potential duration within a wide range of cycle lengths in Purkinje fibres, and when present, also in ventricular muscle fibres. Cardiovascular Research 1992;26:1021-1029
Depletion of Intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>Stores Sensitizes the Flow-Induced Ca<sup>2+</sup>Influx in Rat Endothelial Cells
Authors: Hiu-Yee Kwan, Pan-Cheung Leung, Yu Huang, Xiaoqiang Yao
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Hemodynamic shear stress elicits a rise in endothelial [Ca2+]i, which may serve as a key second messenger to regulate many flow-associated physiological and biochemical processes. In the present study, we used Mn2+ quenching of fluorescent dye Fluo3 as an assay to investigate the Ca2+ influx of rat aortic endothelial cells in response to flow. We found that the Ca2+ signaling in response to flow could be greatly influenced by the status of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by thapsigargin (4 micromol/L) or cyclopiazonic acid (10 micromol/L) drastically sensitized the Ca2+ influx in response to flow. Ca2+-mobilizing agonist bradykinin (100 nmol/L) or ATP (100 micromol/L) had similar sensitizing effect. The effect of bradykinin or ATP was blocked by Xestospongin C and U73122, suggesting that the sensitization was related to the IP3-mediated store depletion. On the other hand, the Mn2+ quenching in response to flow was greatly reduced by ochratoxin A (100 nmol/L), an agent that could increase the filling state of intracellular Ca2+ stores. In addition, we found that depletion-sensitized Ca2+ influx in response to flow was mediated by a PKG-inhibitable cation channel and that the influx was affected by membrane potential and K+ channel activity. In conclusion, the present study argues for a critical role of intracellular Ca2+ status in determining the Ca2+ signaling in response to flow and it provides a general mechanistic explanation for the stimulatory role of blood-borne agonists on flow-induced Ca2+ influx.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Adolescence
Authors: Katja Pahkala, Hanna Hietalampi, Tomi T. Laitinen, Jorma S.A. Viikari, Tapani Rönnemaa, Harri Niinikoski, Hanna Lagström, Sanna Talvia, Antti Jula, Olli J. Heinonen, Markus Juonala, Olli Simell, Olli T. Raitakari
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— In the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for Children (STRIP) study, repeated dietary counseling introduced in infancy and maintained until 20 years of age has led to lower intakes of saturated fat and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In this study, we examined prospectively the intervention effects on the ideal cardiovascular health concept recently described by the American Heart Association. Additionally, we investigated the association between the concept and vascular intima-media thickness and elasticity in adolescence. Methods and Results— In adolescents participating in the longitudinal, randomized, atherosclerosis-prevention STRIP study, complete data on ideal cardiovascular health metrics were available at 15 (n=394), 17 (n=376), and 19 (n=298) years of age. Aortic intima-media thickness and elasticity were measured with ultrasonography at the same ages. None of the adolescents had all 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics. At least 5 ideal metrics was found in 60.2%, 45.5%, and 34.2% of the adolescents at 15, 17, and 19 years of age, respectively. Adolescents in the control group had an increased risk of low ideal cardiovascular health (≤3 metrics) compared with the intervention adolescents (risk ratio=1.35; 95% confidence interval=1.04–1.77). The number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics was inversely associated with aortic intima-media thickness ( P &lt;0.0001) and directly associated with elasticity ( P =0.045). The risk of having high intima-media thickness (&gt;85th percentile) was nearly 2-fold in adolescents with a low number of metrics (≤3) compared with those with a higher score (risk ratio=1.78; 95% confidence interval=1.31–2.43). Conclusions— Ideal cardiovascular health as determined by the AHA can be promoted in adolescents. The ideal cardiovascular health concept is beneficially associated with vascular health already in adolescence, supporting the relevance of targeting these metrics as part of primordial prevention. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00223600
Doctors and Torture
Authors: Malcolm Potts
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr John Havard, secretary of the British Medical Association, has drawn attention to the need for national medical associations to support their individual members in combating what seems to be a global epidemic of torture.<sup>1</sup>The Collegio Medico de Chile has recently had the courage to suspend two doctors for their involvement in torture. The Uruguayan Medical Association has withdrawn from the World Medical Association to protest its apparent lack of leadership in dealing with this appalling problem. As a physician who lives in America but travels to many countries, I would like to draw attention to the efforts of national medical associations (sometimes made at considerable personal risk to the officers of those associations) to deny doctors involved in torture the collective support of their profession. I hope the American Medical Association will take explicit action to support the Chilean and Uruguayan associations.
Impact of congenital colour vision deficiency on education and unintentional injuries: findings from the 1958 British birth cohort
Authors: P Cumberland, J S Rahi, C S Peckham
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Congenital colour vision defects (CVD) are common, inherited (most commonly X linked), non-progressive, and untreatable disorders. 1 2Screening children for these disorders is established practice in the United Kingdom, primarily so that those affected can be advised about occupational preclusions. 2Population based work on the broader impact of colour vision defects is, however, limited.
Abstract 1147: High-throughput nanofluidic PCR-based preparation of 454 sequencing libraries for identifying mutations in EGFR and MET
Authors: Jun Wang, Megan J. Anderson, Fiona Kaper, Claudia Stewart, Daniel Soppet, Bill Bere, Todd Hartley, Peilin Chen, Min Lin, Martin Pieprzyk, Robert C. Jones, Andrew P. May
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) play important roles in cancer development and are promising targets for anticancer therapies. Mutations in the EGFR and MET genes are associated with multiple types of cancer and the ability to detect variants in these genes is crucial for a better understanding of disease progression and response to targeted therapeutics. Next-generation sequencers (e.g. 454, Illumina) hold great potential for detecting disease-specific alterations within patient populations for a given cancer type. However, current approaches for targeted resequencing of specific genetic regions are not well suited to studying the hundreds or thousands of patient samples required to assign significance to mutations. We have developed a novel nanofluidic platform, the Access Array™ system, which enables the robust, simultaneous amplification of 48 PCR products (amplicon) from 48 samples in parallel using only 50ng input DNA per sample. In addition, we have developed a primer design strategy that incorporates sample-specific barcodes and 454 sequencing adaptors into each amplicon, removing the need for library preparation before sequencing. We will present sequencing data collected from amplicon libraries prepared using the Access Array system to amplify 48 exon regions of the EGFR and MET genes from the NCI-60 cell lines. Sequencing data from these libraries demonstrates excellent uniformity in representation between amplicons and across samples. We will present data mapping mutations within these genes across the NCI-60, and discuss the use of Access Array enrichment panels in monitoring mutations across large patient populations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1147.
Confounding Effects in “A Six-Gene Signature Predicting Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis”: Reply
Authors: Keltouma Driouch, Florian Bonin, Soraya Sin, Géraldine Clairac, Rosette Lidereau
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Molecular signatures have begun to elucidate the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic diversity of breast tumors. Breast tumors are characterized by five different molecular subtypes that are associated with distinct clinical outcomes in terms of prognosis, treatment response, and site of relapse. In particular, the basal-like and luminal B subtypes of tumors are more aggressive and have a higher tendency to metastasize to the lung than do the other subtypes. Given this difference in metastatic profiles of breast tumors, the six-gene signature (6GS) that we showed to be predictive of lung relapse was reexamined in the context of the tumor subtypes. This first analysis suggested that the 6GS is a surrogate for molecular subtype, discriminating basal-like tumors rather than tumors that metastasize to the lung. Here, we show that the 6GS discriminates the two overlapping features, the basal-like subtype and the tendency to metastasize to the lung. Nevertheless, the 6GS predicts lung metastases of breast tumors independent of the molecular subtypes. [Cancer Res 2009;69(24):9507–11]
EVALUATING DOSE DISTRIBUTION FOR I-125 P˙ROSTATE IMPLANTS USING SPECT
Authors: T. Lowinger, K. E. Smith, J. G. McBride, W. M. Sy, S. H. Huh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology and Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York.
WAVE SPEED IN THE HUMAN CORONARY ARTERY DOES NOT DECREASE WITH VASODILATION: EXTENDING THE LIMITS OF VALIDITY OF THE SINGLE–POINT TECHNIQUE FOR WAVE INTENSITY ANALYSIS
Authors: Cristina Rolandi, Kalpa de Silva, Matt Lumley, Tim Lockie, Brian Clapp, Maria Siebes, Divaka Perera
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Inhibition of pulmonary fibrosis in mice by CXCL10 requires glycosaminoglycan binding and syndecan-4
Authors: Dianhua Jiang, Jiurong Liang, Gabriele S. Campanella, Rishu Guo, Shuang Yu, Ting Xie, Ningshan Liu, Yoosun Jung, Robert Homer, Eric B. Meltzer, Yuejuan Li, Andrew M. Tager, Paul F. Goetinck, Andrew D. Luster, Paul W. Noble
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, dysregulated response to injury culminating in compromised lung function due to excess extracellular matrix production. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4 is important in mediating fibroblast-matrix interactions, but its role in pulmonary fibrosis has not been explored. To investigate this issue, we used intratracheal instillation of bleomycin as a model of acute lung injury and fibrosis. We found that bleomycin treatment increased syndecan-4 expression. Moreover, we observed a marked decrease in neutrophil recruitment and an increase in both myofibroblast recruitment and interstitial fibrosis in bleomycin-treated syndecan-4-null (Sdc4-/-) mice. Subsequently, we identified a direct interaction between CXCL10, an antifibrotic chemokine, and syndecan-4 that inhibited primary lung fibroblast migration during fibrosis; mutation of the heparin-binding domain, but not the CXCR3 domain, of CXCL10 diminished this effect. Similarly, migration of fibroblasts from patients with pulmonary fibrosis was inhibited in the presence of CXCL10 protein defective in CXCR3 binding. Furthermore, administration of recombinant CXCL10 protein inhibited fibrosis in WT mice, but not in Sdc4-/- mice. Collectively, these data suggest that the direct interaction of syndecan-4 and CXCL10 in the lung interstitial compartment serves to inhibit fibroblast recruitment and subsequent fibrosis. Thus, administration of CXCL10 protein defective in CXCR3 binding may represent a novel therapy for pulmonary fibrosis.
Carbohydrate and Sodium Metabolism in Periodic Paralysis
Authors: P. B. Doak, K. E. D. Eyre
Journal: BMJ (1961)

A study has been made of the incidence of urinary infection following a routine cystoscopy on 110 occasions in the out-patient department.In 11% of the patients an established asymptomatic urinary infection was found before cystoscopy.This is discussed.The risk of cystoscopy producing a serious urinary infection appears to be slight, less than 2%, provided adequate precautions are taken for sterilization of the instruments.I thank Miss P. Bretton, sister in charge of urological out-patients, for her invaluable assistance in this investiga- tion; also Mr. G. C. Tresidder and Professor V. W. Dix for their helpful advice and criticisms.I am
Reply to Peter L. Steinberg, Kwabena Pobi, David A. Axelrod and John D. Seigne’s, and Fredrik Liedberg’s Letters to the Editor re: Hervé Baumert, Andrew Ballaro, Carlos Arroyo, Amir V. Kaisary, Peter F.A. Mulders, Ben C. Knipscheer. The Use of Polymer (Hem-o-lok) Clips for Management of the Renal Hilum During Laparoscopic Nephrectomy. Eur Urol 2006;49:816–9
Authors: Hervé Baumert
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Abstract 2305: Role of ST3Gal1 sialyltransferase in breast cancer cells
Authors: Tan-chi Fan, Wen-der Lin, Chih-hao Chang, Lan-yi Chang, Zhin-mei Chen, Kay-hooi Khoo, Alice Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Alteration of glycan structures on glycoproteins or glycolipids is a common phenomenon observed in malignancy. The premature sialylation of core carbohydrate structure leading to shorter truncated glycans has been well documented. Mucin O-glycans from normal breast are mostly composed of elongated core 2 structures. It has been shown that MUC1 O-glycans from breast cancer cell lines are often truncated and mainly consist of core 1-based structures from mass spectrometry sequencing. It may be due to down-regulated C2GnT (core 2 enzymes) or increased sialyltransferase activities which add sialic acid in an α2,3 linkage to Galβ1-3GalNAc, producing sialyl3 T antigen, which is no longer recognized by C2GnT as a substrate donor. Six different α2,3-sialyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sialic acids to Gal. Among which, ST3Gal1 and ST3Gal2 are capable of producing sialyl3 T antigens; however, only the expression of ST3Gal1 mRNA is elevated in primary breast carcinoma cells compared to normal or benign breast tissues. In ductal carcinomas, the expression of ST3Gal1 appeared to correlate with histology grade. However, not much is known about the role of ST3Gal1 in breast cancers. We investigated the role of ST3Gal1-mediated sialylation in the function of proteins and further characterize the molecular mechanism underlying ST3Gal1-mediated cancer metastasis. To confirm the relationship of ST3Gal1 expression in breast cancers, we performed qPCR analysis of sialyltransferase gene expression in 93 breast cancer patients. ST3Gal1 expression was statistically higher in ER-, PR-, and HER2-negative category (p&amp;lt;0.037). Using MALDI-MS analysis, the glycome profiles showed that ST3Gal1 silencing in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells resulted in reduced α2,3-linked sialic acid-containing O-glycosylation including sialyl3T antigen, without significant differences in N-glycosylation. We observed that ST3Gal1 silenced MDA-MB-231 cells have the tendency to aggregate compared to control cells. To test the hypothesis that decrease of sialylation in beast cancer cells will affect the metastatic behavior, cell migration and invasion were assayed. Indeed, Transwell migration of ST3Gal1 silenced MDA-MB-231 significantly decreased to ∼30% of control cells. More strikingly, the Transwell invasion of ST3Gal1 silenced cells were down-regulated to less than 10% of control cell. Furthermore, the enzyme activities of MMP9 and m-calpain which are known to regulate the invasion ability of cancer cells were both down-regulated upon silencing of ST3Gal1. In conclusion, these data strongly suggest that cell surface α2,3-sialylation contributes to breast cancer cells invasiveness. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2305. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2305