tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 18247: Inhibition of PKCβ2 Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rat Through Cavolin-3-dependant Akt Activation
Authors: Yanan Liu, Jiqin Jin, Haobo Li, Huansen Huang, Michael G Irwin, Zhengyuan Xia
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Activation of PKCβ has been shown to play a critical role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in hearts from non-diabetic rodents. Our recent studies showed that PKCβ2 is overexpressed in the myocardium of diabetic rats that were associated with more severe post-ischemic MI/R injury relative to non-diabetic rats. We hypothesized that myocardial PKCβ overexpression is a major contributor responsible for the exacerbation of MI/R injury in diabetes and that PKCβ inhibition can attenuate MI/R injury in diabetes. Methods and results: Five-week streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with the selective PKCβ inhibitor ruboxistaurin (RBX, 1 mg/kg/day delivered via oral gavage) for 4 weeks, starting from 1 week after diabetes induction, before inducing MI/R achieved by 30 min of left descending coronary artery ligation followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Cardiac function was measured using pressure-volume conductance system. In in vitro study, cardiac H9C2 cells were exposed to high glucose (30 mM/L) and subjected to 4 hours hypoxia followed by 4 hours reoxygenation (H/R) in the with or without selective PKCβ2 inhibitor CGP53353 (1 mol/L), siRNAs of PKCβ2 or Caveolin (Cav)-3. Cell apoptosis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were respectively assessed by TUNEL and JC-1 staining. At the end of reperfusion, RBX significantly decreased myocardial infarct size (% of area at risk, 35±5% vs. 49±3% in control, P &lt;0.05) and attenuated cardiac dysfunction, and increased cardiac protein expression of Cav-3 and phosphorylated/activated Akt (p-Akt) in diabetic rats (All P &lt;0.05 vs. control). H/R significantly increased H9C2 cell injury under high glucose condition evidenced as increased TUNEL-positive and JC-1 monomeric cells (All P &lt;0.05 vs. control), which was associated with increased PKCβ2 phosphorylation and decreased Cav-3 protein expression. Either CGP53353 or PKCβ2 siRNA significantly attenuated all these changes and enhanced p-Akt. Cav-3 gene knockdown significantly reduced p-Akt and increased post-hypoxic cell injury despite of concomitant reduction in PKCβ2 phosphorylation. Conclusions: PKCβ2 inhibition with RBX protects diabetic hearts from MI/R injury through Cav-3-dependent activation of Akt.
Fixing Health Budgets: Experience from Europe and North America, by Ed Friedrich Wilhelm Schwartz, Howard Glennerster, Richard B Saltman
Authors: L. Quam
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Ed Friedrich Wilhelm Schwartz, Howard Glennerster, Richard B Saltman / Wiley, £40, pp 300 / ISBN 0 471 96497 2

A budget does not a priority make. This insight is the common theme through this book. Budgets cap expenditure, but they do not ensure that expenditure is wisely used. Nor do budgets ensure that monies are targeted to priority areas. Fixing Health Budgets combines a theoretical discussion with descriptions of the use of budgets in health care in Britain, Germany, Canada, Sweden, Austria, and the Netherlands. It also includes a discussion of …
Mammalian Physiology: A Course of Practical Exercises.
Authors: Charles Scott Sherrington
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Multimedia: The Painter’s Eye
Authors: Abi Berger
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Humphrey Ocean and John Tchalenko Sci-Art Project (Wellcome Trust).

The National Portrait Gallery, London, until 13 June

  At some time, all of us have probably looked at a work of art and said, or at least thought, “I could do that.” But one of the simple beauties of this exhibition is that it presents us with incontrovertible evidence that artists and non-artists are not the same beast. We may be similar in outward appearance, but what goes on in our brains seems to be entirely different. In The Painter’s Eye John Tchalenko (the technical side of the partnership) and Humphrey Ocean (the portrait painter) have joined forces to explore how the creative process comes about. By observing the entire operation—from the visual input (by tracking the painter’s eye movements), to the input being processed by the brain (by observing his brain at work), to the motor output (by tracking his hand movements)—it becomes apparent from this detailed case study that the artist’s brain works fundamentally differently from those of the three non-artists who were also examined. 

The first surprising finding is that Ocean looks at his model in the same way that he views a person to whom he is talking. He starts by focusing on the eyes. His observations of the model are carefully targeted, making on average 12 “fixations” a minute on the model’s face, compared with about 140 “fixations” when he is not drawing. The number of eye movements made by the non-artists while they work are similar to the painter’s when he is not drawing, and they are far less deliberate.

The second curiosity is that Ocean seems to “think” his portraits. With functional magnetic resonance imaging, it becomes clear that the most active part of his brain when he is drawing is his frontal cortex. Among the non-artists, however, the most active region of the brain is the visual cortex, indicating that they are simply “copying” what they see. Tchalenko and Ocean believe that these findings reveal more about what can be learnt rather than indicating an innate difference between artist and non-artist. They next plan to observe other “experts” who also rely on exacting hand-eye coordination, such as key-hole surgeons and air-traffic controllers. 

Encouragingly for this very conventional venue, the exhibit includes video demonstrations and three dimensional models to illustrate the research findings. But the space allocated to Tchalenko and Ocean is frustratingly cramped, and the exhibition offers, I suspect, just a hint at the depth of the work that they have undertaken. In this respect, The Painter’s Eye is rather like a single great work of art.
Rebleeding prophylaxis improved outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Is it feasible in all patients?
Authors: Ping-Hsien Chen, Ming-Chih Hou
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

We read with great interest the recent article by Ripoll et al.1 In this multicenter case-control study, the authors emphasize the survival benefit of second prophylaxis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and variceal bleeding (VB) regardless of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage. However, these results should be interpreted with caution. In this study the median survival was only 0.9 months and 0.7 months in patients without second prophylaxis stratified by BCLC A/B and C/D, respectively. Because of the retrospective nature, it is highly probable that patients who were too ill to start or died before the second prophylaxis were inevitably stratified to the group without second prophylaxis; therefore, selection bias of poor survivor in the nonprophylaxis group should be a concern. These phenomena were shown in Supporting Table 1, in which patients without prophylaxis in BCLC C/D had a higher Model for Endstage Liver Disease (MELD) score and poor liver reserve.1 Moreover, we don't think the patients in BCLC D should be analyzed together with BCLC C because the patients in BCLC D usually had the poorest hepatic reserve and survival, and also were very unlikely to tolerate second prophylaxis. Actually, our previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) showed that 44.4% (24/54) of patients with unresectable HCC and VB cannot receive a second scheduled ligation after endoscopic hemostasis of acute bleeding; more than 90%(22/24) of these patients were Child-Pugh C.2 We are very interested to see if the patients in BCLC D can receive second prophylaxis and their outcomes in the current study because the proof of no harm to introduce invasive treatment to terminal and fragile patients is very important. In an earlier study in Japan, neither prophylactic nor emergency endoscopic injection sclerotherapy prolonged the survival of patients with HCC and Child-Pugh C.3 In another recent retrospective study, Dr. Han found that hepatic reserve instead of endoscopic therapy is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with HCC and Child-Pugh C.4 On the other hand, the use of a beta-blocker in patients with poor hepatic reserve should be done very cautiously because a study showed that beta-blocker is associated with poor survival in patients with refractory ascites.5 In conclusion, the benefit of second prophylaxis of VB in patients with HCC and poor hepatic reserve is still unclear and further prospective study is needed. Ping-Hsien Chen, M.D.1,2 Ming-Chih Hou, M.D.1,2 1Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taiwan 2School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University School Taipei, Taiwan
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Replication After Transduction of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor–Mobilized CD34+ Cells From HIV-1–Infected Donors Using Retroviral Vectors Containing Anti–HIV-1 Genes
Authors: Gerhard Bauer, Penelope Valdez, Karen Kearns, Ingrid Bahner, Sui Fang Wen, John A. Zaia, Donald B. Kohn
Journal: Blood (1997)
Abstract P4-11-10: Time dependence of biomarkers: Non-proportional effects of immunohistochemical panels predicting relapse risk in early breast cancer
Authors: Jacqueline Stephen, Gordon Murray, David Cameron, Jeremy Thomas, Ian Kunkler, Wilma Jack, Gill Kerr, Tammy Piper, Cassandra Brookes, Daniel Rea, Cornelis van de Velde, Annette Hasenburg, Christos Markopoulos, Luc Dirix, Caroline Seynaeve, John Bartlett
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: We investigate the impact of follow-up duration to determine whether two immunohistochemical prognostic panels, IHC 4 and Mammostrat, provide information on the risk of early or late distant recurrence using the Edinburgh Breast Conservation Series and the Tamoxifen versus Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) trial. Methods: The multivariable fractional polynomial time (MFPT) algorithm was used to determine which variables had possible non-proportional effects. The performance of the scores was assessed at various lengths of follow-up and Cox regression modelling performed over the intervals 0-5 years and &amp;gt; 5 years. Results: We observed a strong time-dependence of both the IHC4 and Mammostrat scores with their effects decreasing over time. In the first five years of follow-up only, the addition of both scores to clinical factors provided statistically significant information (p&amp;lt;0.05) with increases in R2 between 5 and 6% and increases in D-statistic between 0.16 and 0.21. Conclusion: Our analyses confirm that the IHC4 and Mammostrat scores are strong prognostic factors for time to distant recurrence but this is restricted to the first 5 years after diagnosis. This provides evidence for their combined use to predict early recurrence events in order to select those patients who may/will have benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Citation Format: Jacqueline Stephen, Gordon Murray, David Cameron, Jeremy Thomas, Ian Kunkler, Wilma Jack, Gill Kerr, Tammy Piper, Cassandra Brookes, Daniel Rea, Cornelis van de Velde, Annette Hasenburg, Christos Markopoulos, Luc Dirix, Caroline Seynaeve, John Bartlett. Time dependence of biomarkers: Non-proportional effects of immunohistochemical panels predicting relapse risk in early breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-10.
MUC2 siRNA reduces growth of LS174T human colon cancer cells
Authors: Taghrid El-Abaseri, Brian Loggie, Jason Foster
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

2240  MUC2, a high molecular-weight glycoprotein, is the major secreted mucin produced from the intestinal goblet cells. It covers intestinal epithelium and thus provides a lubricating barrier that protects mucosal surface. In this study, we determined the in vitro effect of MUC2 suppression in LS174T colon cancer cell line that produces MUC2. Cell survival was 10% and 15% lower in MUC2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfected cells at 48h and 96h respectively compared to controls, as quantified using a 4-methylumbelliferyl heptanoate (MUH) viability assay. Apoptotic cell death was increased by 9% and 13% in MUC2 transfected cells at 48h and 96h respectively compared to controls, as detected by the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells. Expression of apoptosis-associated enzymes was increased 48h following MUC2 siRNA transfection as shown by immunoblotting for cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3. The number of cell counts for six days was decreased by 50% in MUC2 siRNA transfected cells when compared to controls. DNA content analysis revealed that the S-phase population was two-fold greater in MUC2 siRNA treated cells compared to controls. In summary, we have shown that siRNA knockdown of MUC2 arrested cells in S-phase, decreased cell survival and increased apoptosis. Collectively these results suggest that MUC2 augments LS174T cells survival, modulates progression through S-phase, and suppresses its apoptotic cell death. Based on these data we propose that MUC2 mucin promotes tumorigenesis of the highly aggressive mucinous colorectal cancers.
Abstract 117: DOT1L is a human chromosome stability gene
Authors: Brent Guppy, Kirk McManus
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The loss of genome stability is an early event that drives the development and progression of virtually all tumor types. Recent studies have revealed that certain histone post-translational modifications exhibit dynamic and global increases in abundance that coincide with mitosis and exhibit essential roles in maintaining genomic stability. Histone H2B ubiquitination at lysine 120 (H2Bub1) is regulated by RNF20, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is mutated/altered in numerous tumor types. Through an evolutionarily conserved trans-histone pathway, H2Bub1 is an essential pre-requisite for subsequent downstream di-methylation events at lysines 4 (H3K4me2) and 79 (H3K79me2) of histone H3. Although the role that RNF20 plays in tumorigenesis has garnered much attention, the downstream components of the trans-histone pathway, H3K4me2 and H3K79me2, and their potential contributions to genome stability remain largely overlooked. In this study, we employ single-cell imaging, and biochemical approaches to investigate the spatial and temporal patterning of RNF20, H2Bub1, H3K4me2 and H3K79me2 throughout the cell cycle. Using two independent human cell lines, we show that H2Bub1, H3K4me2 and H3K79me2 exhibit distinct temporal progression patterns throughout the cell cycle. Most notably, we demonstrate that H3K79me2 is a highly dynamic histone PTM that reaches maximal abundance during mitosis in an H2Bub1-independent manner. Using RNAi and chemical genetic approaches, we identify DOT1L as the histone methyltransferase responsible for mitotic-associated increases in H3K79me2. We also demonstrate that the loss of mitotic H3K79me2 levels correlates with increases in chromosome numbers and increases in mitotic defects. Collectively, these data suggest that H3K79me2 dynamics during mitosis are normally required to maintain genome stability and further implicate the loss of H3K79me2 during mitosis as a pathogenic event that contributes to the development and progression of tumors. Citation Format: Brent Guppy, Kirk McManus. DOT1L is a human chromosome stability gene. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 117. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-117
Preventive and Community Medicine.
Authors: Duncan W. Clark, Brian MacMahon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

It is uncertain whether the plethora of new books and new editions on preventive medicine results from recent statements of public policy, interest from health professionals, or competitive marketing by publishers. It is sufficient to note that a new edition of this book has appeared in 1981. Fourteen years is a long time gap for a major textbook in a rapidly evolving field like preventive medicine. The early classic (1967) has now been updated by the original editors without an increase in pages. Eighteen of the original 39 contributors have returned to join 22 new contributors for a modern, topically selective overview of the field. The book follows the earlier design with a section on Methods in Preventive and Community Medicine, a large section on Disease Etiology and Prevention, a shorter section on Prevention in Practice, and a critically important section on  Services and Health Legislation, which have changed so substantially since the mid-1960s. By judicious editing and chapter assignments, new content in critical areas such as noso¬ comial infection and disease screen¬ ing have displaced chapters on genetics, human development, and geriatrics. The health services section is the most difficult to keep current, and the changing legislation has made parts of it already into a histor¬ ical collection. Preventive and Community Medi¬ cine is intended as a textbook for medical students and a reference for residents in preventive medicine. The four sections are in logical sequence, and each is self-contained and could
Abstract 12791: Acute Volume Loading During Invasive Testing Identifies Fontan Survivors With Occult Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Konstantin Averin, Russel Hirsch, Michael Seckeler, Robert H Beekman, Bryan H Goldstein
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Invasive hemodynamic assessment of the Fontan patient is often unrevealing, even in the presence of clinical symptoms. Diastolic dysfunction (DD), a key driver of long-term clinical outcomes, may frequently be concealed during standard hemodynamic evaluation.   Hypothesis:  Volume loading during invasive assessment may identify Fontan patients with occult DD.   Methods:  Single center record review of cardiac catheterizations with volume loading in Fontan patients from 2012 - 2014. Patients with baseline DD, defined as a ventricular end diastolic pressure of ≥ 15 mmHg, were excluded. Following acquisition of baseline data, a 15 ml/kg normal saline intravenous bolus was administered rapidly. After a 5 min equilibration phase, hemodynamics were reassessed. Comparisons were made using paired Student’s  t -test. Risk factors for occult DD were assessed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test.   Results:  Twenty-three Fontan patients (48% female, 74% left ventricular morphology) were included. Median age was 17.7 (IQR 7.5, 21.4) years and mean duration of Fontan circulation was 12.9 ± 9.1 years. Hemodynamic data are shown in Table 1. Volume loading revealed occult DD in 8 (35%) patients (Fig 1). Age (21.3 vs. 11.8 years, p=0.05) and duration of Fontan circulation (21.1 vs. 10.6 years, p=0.04) were associated with occult DD, whereas ventricular morphology was not. There were no adverse events related to volume loading.   Conclusions:  Occult DD is common in Fontan patients, and may be identified with volume loading during invasive hemodynamic assessment. Older age and longer duration of Fontan circulation were associated with a greater likelihood of occult DD.
NHS Direct
Authors: D. Pencheon
Journal: BMJ (1998)

General practice p 1054 

The gradual introduction of NHS Direct, the 24 hour health telephone helpline due to be a national service by the year 2000, is a small but important symbol of the modern NHS.1 It has been designed to respond to the fastest growing influences on service industries: consumerism and technology.2 NHS Direct aims initially to do for the health service what cash machines have done for banking: to offer a more accessible, convenient, and interactive gateway. Its longer term aim should be to help the NHS change its predominant ethos from paternalism to partnership.3

This method of delivering services is not particular to health care. Telephone services in other sectors have been one of the fastest growth areas in employment in the United Kingdom. However, the speed of planned growth of NHS Direct (pilots launched March 1998, more bids invited May 1998 and announced in July 1998, 19 million people (40% of England's population) to be covered by April 1999) might suggest that fulfilling political promises precedes rigorous evaluation. A more likely interpretation is that the research is aimed at clarifying not if …
373. Simian Adenoviral Vector Based-Vaccine Fully Protect Against Ebola Virus Even in the Presence of Pre-Existing Immunity to Human Adenovirus
Authors: Gary P. Kobinger, Heinz Feldmann, Yan Zhi, Gregory P. Schumer, Guangping Gao, Frederik Feldmann, Steven Jones, James M. Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)
A NEW TREATMENT FOR VARIOUS KINDS OF COMA
Authors: Richard Bauer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1934)

Article1 November 1934A NEW TREATMENT FOR VARIOUS KINDS OF COMARICHARD BAUERRICHARD BAUERSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-8-5-595 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOur knowledge of the chemical-physiological mechanism of death is incomplete. This mechanism is perhaps best understood in certain intoxications, in which the oxygen supply is disturbed, or in certain diseases of the brain, in which large areas of brain tissue are destroyed. We are little informed, however, as to the mechanism of death in the infectious diseases. We do not understand to what final factors death may be attributed in instances of cardiac diseases, carcinoma or tuberculosis. Quite unclear also remains at times the cause of death following various operative procedures.Also the peculiar conditions of stupor and coma, frequently...References1. BAUER R: Urämie als Komplikation innerer Krankheiten, Wien. med. Wchnschr., 1932, lxxxii, 1286-1287. Google Scholar2. Sitzung der Gesellschaft der Aerzte, Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1933, xlvi, 860-863. Google Scholar3. HAMMERSCHLAG E: Sitzung der Gesellschaft der Aerzte, Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1933, xlvi, 1472. Google Scholar4. RUSKIN SL: Acta pediatrica, 1933, xvi. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of ViennaRead at the Chicago meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 18, 1934. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDie Krankheiten der Leber und der GallenwegeIs uremia an allergic manifestation? 1 November 1934Volume 8, Issue 5Page: 595-598KeywordsBrainBrain diseasesComaHeart diseasesInfectious diseasesIntoxicationOxygenSurgery Issue Published: 1 November 1934 PDF downloadLoading ...