tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Novel use of paclitaxel-coated balloons in refractory non-anastomotic airway stenosis following lung transplantation
Authors: Mark Greer, Thomas Fühner, Martin Dierich, Gregor Warnecke, Axel Haverich, Tobias Welte, Jens Gottlieb
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Airway stenosis (AS) is the commonest airway complication after lung transplantation (LuTx) [1,2]. Treatment outcomes are disappointing due to high recurrence rates. Re-canalization is performed using argon photocoagulation (APC) and balloon dilatation (BD) with luminal patency being maintained by stents, localised brachytherapy or topical mitomycin. Paclitaxel-coated balloons (PCB) are used in coronary artery stenosis [3,4] and we aimed to evaluate similar PCBs in refractory airway stenosis after LuTx.  Methods: Patients with recurrent AS under conventional treatment between 01.11.2011 and 01.11.2012 were recruited. Written consent and individual ethics committee approval was obtained prior to PCB. Dilatation was performed under light sedation using flexible bronchoscopy.  Results: One heart-lung transplant and 8 double-lung transplant patients underwent PCB dilatation. Stenoses occurred 72 [IQR 37-77] days post-transplant, with previous treatment extending over 325 [IQR 274-394] days, requiring 20 [IQR 16-23] interventions. Three patients remained intervention-free 143 [IQR 128-201] days after PCB. Two patients were managed conservatively after re-stenosis, one being re-transplanted for chronic allograft dysfunction. All other patients continued APC in unaltered treatment intensity. One guide-wire related pneumothorax arose during PCB-dilatation, otherwise no complications occurred.  Conclusion: Paclitaxel-coated balloons offer a viable treatment option in managing recurrent non-anastomotic AS following LuTx. Medium term efficacy appears comparable with current treatments. Larger prospective studies are required.
Quality of life in long-term survivors of CNS tumors of childhood and adolescence.
Authors: E N Mostow, J Byrne, R R Connelly, J J Mulvihill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Clinical reports of small numbers of pediatric brain tumor patients observed for brief periods suggest that long-term survivors continue to have major handicaps into adulthood. To quantify these late effects we interviewed 342 adults (or their proxies) who had CNS tumors diagnosed before the age of 20 between 1945 and 1974, survived at least 5 years, and reached 21 years of age. Survivors were 32 years old on average at follow-up. When compared with 479 matched siblings as controls. CNS tumor survivors were more likely to have died or to have become mentally incompetent sometime during the follow-up period. They were more likely to be at risk for such adverse outcomes as unemployment (odds ratio [OR], 10.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6 to 25.7], to have a health condition that affected their ability to work (OR, 5.9; CI, 3.7 to 9.4), to be unable to drive (OR, 28.8; CI, 6.9 to 119.9), or to describe their current health as poor (OR, 7.8; CI, 1.7 to 35.7). Unfavorable outcomes were more frequent in male survivors than in females, in those with supratentorial tumors compared with infratentorial ones, and in those who received radiation therapy. As clinicians consider improving therapies, they should anticipate late effects, such as those we observed, and attempt to target subgroups for interventions that may improve subsequent quality of life.
Eye Tests in the Elderly: Factors Associated with Attendance and Diagnostic Yield in Non-Attenders
Authors: E Webster, A Wilson, G Barnes
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1992)

Patients aged 60-75 years registered with one inner city general practice were sent a questionnaire asking when they last received an eye check by an optometrist. Of the 193 (77%) who responded, 110 (59%) had attended in the last 2 years, and 138 (74%) in the last 3 years. Males and those with mobility problems were less likely to have had their eyes checked. Seventy-seven previous non-attenders were offered an appointment with an optometrist and this was accepted by 34 (44%). These individuals showed a high level of ophthalmic morbidity. Discussion of optometric checks should be included in general practice health checks and the elderly surveillance programme.
Hepatocytes come out of left field
Authors: Malcolm R. Alison, Wey‐Ran Lin
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

1Centre for Tumour BiologyBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK 2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
A phase I/IIa clinical trial of CLAOP21 and CLAOP14 in patients with high grade non-Hodgkins lymphoma and cardiac risk factors
Authors: A. Busse, G. Huetter, J. M. Siehl, A. Schmittel, U. Keilholz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

17548 Background: CHOP combination chemotherapy is the most effective and least toxic regimen for high-grade Non-Hodgkin’s-lymphoma (NHL). Doxorubicin, however, presents a problem in patients at risk for cardiotoxicity. Pegliposomal doxorubicin is a liposomal preparation of doxorubicin with minimal cardiotoxicity. In the CLAOP regimen reported here, we substituted conventional doxorubicin in the CHOP regimen by pegliposomal doxorubicin. Methods: An open-label phase I/IIa study was performed evaluating CLAOP21/20 with 20 mg/m 2 of pegliposomal doxorubicin every 21 days, and a dose-dense CLAOP14 regimen supported by G-CSF or pegylated G-CSF every 14 days with escalating doses of pegliposomal doxorubicin in elderly high-grade lymphoma patients. Results: A total of 12 patients were enrolled for CLAOP 21/20, and 24 patients for CLAOP 14/20. CLAOP21/20 was well tolerated with a degree of hematotoxicity similar to that reported with regular CHOP. In the CLAOP14 cohort, a trend towards cumulative hematotoxicity. Palmar plantar erythema (PPE) exceeding grade II and other non-hematological toxicities exceeding grade I, except of alopecia, were not observed. A pegliposomal doxorubicin dose of 25 mg/m 2 (CLAOP14/25) was associated with dose-limiting haematotoxicity, febrile episodes, and PPE. Both, the 3-weekly and the 2-weekly regimens were active with an overall response rate of 60% and 77%, respectively. Cardiotoxicity attributable to doxorubicin was not observed in any patient. Conclusions: The recommended dose of pegliposomal doxorubicin in the biweekly CLAOP regimen for Phase II/III testing is 20 mg/m 2 , a regimen that can safely be administered to old patients without apparent cardiotoxicity. [Table: see text]
Weak association between exhaled nitric oxide and bronchial responsiveness in asthmatic patients
Authors: Ellie Oostveen, Lutje Claus, Kevin De Soomer, Wilfried De Backer, Anne-Marie Vints
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Recent studies suggest that there is a relationship between different measures of airway inflammation in asthmatic patients.  Aim and Methods: We studied the relationship between exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and the level of bronchial responsiveness in 59 adult patients (15 M: 44 F) with a diagnosis of bronchial asthma. eNO was measured prior to bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) testing; in 37 subjects at the same day, and in 22 subjects on average 13 days before the BHR testing. BHR was assessed with a standardized methacholine challenge test (MCh).  Results: In the total group of asthmatics, there was no significant correlation between eNO and log(PC20). However, in the subgroup of asthmatics (n= 37) on which eNO measurement and BHR testing took place at the same day, a weak (r2= 0.138) but significant correlation (p
The dynamic relationship between antibiotic use and the incidence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus: time-series modelling of 7-year surveillance data in a tertiary-care hospital
Authors: E.I. Kritsotakis, A. Christidou, M. Roumbelaki, Y. Tselentis, A. Gikas
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2008)
NDM-2 carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: A. Ghazawi, Á. Sonnevend, R.A. Bonnin, L. Poirel, P. Nordmann, R. Hashmey, T.A. Rizvi, M. B Hamadeh, T. Pál
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Impaired synaptic plasticity and learning in aged amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice
Authors: Paul F. Chapman, Gail L. White, Matthew W. Jones, Deirdre Cooper-Blacketer, Vanessa J. Marshall, Michael Irizarry, Linda Younkin, Mark A. Good, T. V. P. Bliss, Bradley T. Hyman, Steven G. Younkin, Karen K. Hsiao
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (1999)
Mortality Trends and Signs of Health Progress in the United States
Authors: J. Michael McGinnis
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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Occupational asthma due to tile colourant
Authors: Jumaa Bwika, Gareth Walters, Vicky Moore, Sherwood Burge
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction   We present a patient with asthma caused by exposure to brindle tile colourant.   Case Report   A 53-year old man presented with an 18-month history of chest tightness, dry cough and wheeze starting after the first workday, deteriorating at work and improving on off-days. He worked for a roof-tile manufacturer as a maintenance technician for 16 years. He had no pre-existing asthma, but had seasonal allergic rhinitis.   Methods   We used serial peak flows (Occupational Asthma SYStem-OASYS scores), spirometry (MicroLab; CareFusion, California), methacholine reactivity (Jaeger method; normal >1mg) and exhaled nitric oxide (Nioxx Mino; Aerocrine AB, Sweden). A factory visit was carried out to understand exposures.   Results   Spirometry revealed FEV 1  2.42 (3.42; 71%), FVC 3.51 (4.44; 79%) and FEV 1 /FVC 69% , methacholine reactivity was >2.8milligrams , and (FE NO ) 22 parts per billion. Total IgE 95 kU/L, eosinophil 0.16 10*9/L and positive specific IgE to house dust mite (grade 3). Other results   Discussion   Brindle contains chromates which can cause occupational asthma in workers using chrome based compounds for electroplating{Bright, Thorax 1997}. We nebulized potassium dichromate to replicate this.
Low urinary cortisol excretion in Holocaust survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: R Yehuda, B Kahana, K Binder-Brynes, S M Southwick, J W Mason, E L Giller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors' objective was to compare the urinary cortisol excretion of Holocaust survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (N = 22) to that of Holocaust survivors without PTSD (N = 25) and comparison subjects not exposed to the Holocaust (N = 15).Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected, and the following day, subjects were evaluated for the presence and severity of past and current PTSD and other psychiatric conditions.Holocaust survivors with PTSD showed significantly lower mean 24-hour urinary cortisol excretion than the two groups of subjects without PTSD. Multiple correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between cortisol levels and severity of PTSD that was due to a substantial association with scores on the avoidance subscale.The present findings replicate the authors' previous observation of low urinary cortisol excretion in combat veterans with PTSD and extend these findings to a non-treatment-seeking civilian group. The results also demonstrate that low cortisol levels are associated with PTSD symptoms of a clinically significant nature, rather than occurring as a result of exposure to trauma per se, and that low cortisol levels may persist for decades following exposure to trauma among individuals with chronic PTSD.
Clinical characterization of non-small-cell lung cancer tumors showing neuroendocrine differentiation features.
Authors: H H Berendsen, L de Leij, S Poppema, P E Postmus, A Boes, H J Sluiter, H The
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

In most cases of small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) phenotypic features compatible with a neuroendocrine differentiation status can be identified by monoclonal (MOC) antibody-based immunohistological procedures. Similar features can be recognized only in a minority of non-SCLC tumors. During a period of 30 months, all diagnostic non-SCLC biopsies (141 cases) were prospectively analysed for the presence of markers indicative for neuroendocrine differentiation. In 31% of all cases, such a presence could be noticed. Neuroendocrine differentiation (50% to 100% positive-staining tumor cells) was recognized more frequently in adenocarcinoma when compared to large-cell and squamous-cell carcinoma (chi 2 = 9.31, 2 degrees of freedom, P less than 0.01). To investigate whether the clinical behavior of these "neuroendocrine" non-SCLC cases mimics SCLC, a multivariate analysis for prognostic factors was performed. Among other prognostic factors, biopsies containing more than 50% positive-staining tumor cells with the MOC antibody-1 (MOC-1) were recognized as negative prognostic factors.
Adherence with inhaled corticosteroids in asthma: Does pregnancy lead to improved adherence?
Authors: Camilla Boslev Bårnes, Anne Hansen, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim: To investigate self-reported and documented adherence with controller medication in pregnant women with asthma.

Methods: Pregnant women with asthma prescribed ICS referred to Hvidovre Hospital were consecutively included (12-month inclusion period).Medical history was obtained, and the patients were followed-up every four weeks during pregnancy. Asthma control was assessed according to GINA-guidelines. Self-reported adherence was compared to documented adherence, defined as medical possession rate (MPR), calculated on the basis of filled prescriptions (data obtained from each individuals medication profile at www.sundhed.dk)

Results: 75 patients were included, 76% had well-controlled asthma at the first visit. Self-reported adherence to ICS was significantly higher during than before pregnancy (89% vs. 76%, respectively, reported good adherence, p=0.003). Documented adherence, i.e. MPR, was also higher during pregnancy than before (42% vs. 29%, p<0.001). Fourteen patients did not fill any prescriptions in the pre-pregnancy year (7 during pregnancy). The difference in adherence remained significant when the analysis was restricted to women who filled at least one prescription for ICS before and during pregnancy (35% vs. 47%, respectively, p<0.001). A significant correlation was observed during pregnancy between self-reported adherence and MPR (p=0.02), but not before pregnancy (p=0.55)

Conclusion: Self-reported adherence is not a valid measure for actual adherence with ICS in women with asthma immediately before and during pregnancy. An increase in adherence with inhaled corticosteroids was observed during pregnancy, but the actual adherence remained disturbingly low.
IL-33 and TSLP gene expression are increased in response to human rhinovirus 1B in HDM-treated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages
Authors: Hamid Akbarshahi, Mandy Menzel, Lena Uller
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Acute viral infections are the most frequent cause of asthma exacerbation, and are the major cause for morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs associated with asthma. Human rhinovirus is the most common identified responsible virus in children and adults. It has been shown that IL-33– driven mechanism initiates TH2 responses to the clinically relevant allergens house dust mite (HDM). We have shown that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is increased in a murine viral-induced asthma exacerbation model. Alveolar macrophages have a higher expression of IL-33 and TSLP in asthma. To determine whether HDM can have an effect on IL-33 and TSLP gene expression in response to human rhinovirus (RV), we treated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) with HDM in the presence of M-CSF and infected them with RV1B. RV1B induced expression of IL-33 (2-fold, P-value
Effects of a protease inhibitor from the tick rhipicephalus boophilus microplus in an experimental model of emphysema
Authors: Clarice Olivo, Luana Neves, Juliana Lourenço, Francine Almeida, Carla Prado, Iolanda Tibério, Aparecida Tanaka, Sergio Sasaki, Milton Martins, Fernanda Lopes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Although COPD is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, until now there is no effective treatment to improve lung function in COPD patients. Animal models have been employed to better understand the pathophysiology of this disease and to test new therapies.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a protease inhibitor in emphysema.

Methods: 40 C57BL/6 mice received either a nasal instillation of 50 μl (0.667 UI) of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) or saline (S) and 1h after, animals received a second nasal instillation of 50 μl of either a protease inhibitor (r-BmTIA, 35.54pmol) or vehicle (VE). After 21 days, animals were anesthetized and airway resistance (RAW), tissue damping (Gtis) and tissue elastance (Htis) were measured using Flexivent small animal ventilator. After sacrifice, lungs were removed and formalin-fixed for posterior analysis of mean linear intercept (Lm).

Results: We observed a decrease in Htis values only in PPE-VE group [Fig.1A]. Lm values were increased in PPE-VE and PPE-BmTIA groups, whereas the PPE-BmTIA showed a decrease in Lm values compared to PPE-VE group [Fig. 1B]. There was no difference in Gtis and Raw values [Fig. 1C and Fig. 1D, respectively].

![Figure][1] 

Figure 1





Conclusions: We showed that a single dose of this protease inhibitor attenuated parenchyma destruction in an experimental model of emphysema. Supported by FAPESP, LIMHC-FMUSP, CNPq, Brazil.

 [1]: pending:yes
Down-regulation of the chemokine receptor CCR5 by activation of chemotactic formyl peptide receptor in human monocytes
Authors: Weiping Shen, Baoqun Li, Michele A. Wetzel, Thomas J. Rogers, Earl E. Henderson, Shao Bo Su, Wanghua Gong, Yingying Le, Robert Sargeant, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Joost J. Oppenheim, Ji Ming Wang
Journal: Blood (2000)
Estimation of Risk of Inherited Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in Apparent Sporadic Patients
Authors: M. Wiench, Z. Wygoda, E. Gubala, J. Wloch, K. Lisowska, J. Krassowski, D. Scieglinska, A. Fiszer-Kierzkowska, D. Lange, D. Kula, M. Zeman, J. Roskosz, A. Kukulska, Z. Krawczyk, B. Jarzab
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: The study was undertaken to evaluate the frequency of inherited medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) among patients with apparent sporadic disease. A stepwise algorithm was used depending on clinical indices and the age of patient at MTC diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred sixteen patients with MTC verified by postoperative pathologic examination were subjected to genetic analysis of RET exons 10, 11, 13, 14, and 16 by means of polymerase chain reaction, restriction endonuclease digestion, and DNA sequencing. RESULTS: Among 116 apparent sporadic MTC patients, we identified eleven (9.5%) RET germline mutation carriers. Seven of these (6.0%) were found by routine analysis (exons 10 and 11). The frequency of inherited disease among patients younger than 45 years at diagnosis was 10.2% by analysis of typical mutations in exons 10 and 11. Extended genetic analysis (sequencing of exons 11, 13, 14, and 16) yielded 6.1% additional diagnoses, giving a risk of 16.3% in this age group. One previously unreported mutation in exon 11 affected codon 649 (TCG&gt;TTG, Ser&gt;Leu). In the true sporadic MTC patients younger than 30 years at diagnosis, frequencies of 36% and 4.5% in polymorphic variants L769L and S836S, respectively, were observed. The frequency for L769L was higher than in older patients (P &lt; .05). CONCLUSION: The frequency of inherited disease among apparent sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma patients is close to 10% in the Polish population of MTC patients. The extended analysis of all known RET proto-oncogene mutation sites is obligatory in patients younger than 45 years at diagnosis, but we also see the need to analyze the impact of rarer mutations in older patients.
Clinically relevant contact allergy to formaldehyde may be missed by testing with formaldehyde 1·0%
Authors: I. Hauksson, A. Pontén, B. Gruvberger, M. Isaksson, M. Bruze
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Background It has been found that patch testing with 15 μL formaldehyde 2·0% aq. detects twice as many allergies as by testing with 1·0%. The clinical relevance of positive patch test reactions is often difficult to determine. Repeated open application tests are simple to do and help to evaluate the significance of patch test results. Objectives To study the clinical relevance of contact allergy to formaldehyde detected by 2·0% formaldehyde (0·60 mg cm−2) but not by 1·0%. Methods Eighteen patients positive to formaldehyde 2·0% but negative to 1·0%, and a control group of 19 patients with dermatitis but without allergy to parabens, formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers were included in the study. Formaldehyde 2000 p.p.m., the maximum concentration permitted in leave‐on cosmetics according to the EU Cosmetics Directive, was added to a batch of moisturizer preserved with parabens. The same batch without formaldehyde served as a control. The study was double‐blinded and randomized. The patients were provided with both moisturizers and instructed to apply one of them twice a day on a marked‐out 5 × 5‐cm area on the inside of one upper arm and the other moisturizer on the other arm. Reading of the test sites was done once a week for a maximum of 4 weeks. Results In the control group there were no allergic reactions to either of the moisturizers. Nine of 17 formaldehyde‐allergic patients reacted with an allergic reaction to the moisturizer which contained formaldehyde (P < 0·001). No positive reactions were observed to the moisturizer without formaldehyde. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that contact allergy to formaldehyde 2·0% may be clinically relevant.