tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How beneficial is surgery for cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy?
Authors: I. P. Fouyas, P. A. G. Sandercock, P. F. X. Statham, I. Nikolaidis
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Spondylotic degeneration of the cervical spine is associated with ageing and is often asymptomatic,1 but 10-15% of people with the condition might develop symptoms of compression of the nerve roots (radiculopathy) or spinal cord (myelopathy).2 Many factors have been implicated in the tendency to develop radiculopathy or myelopathy, including advanced age, disability at presentation, cord diameter, cord area, altered cord signal on magnetic resonance imaging (T2 and T1 weighted images),3 increased cervical spinal mobility,4 5 and the presence of a congenitally narrow spinal canal. These factors might also influence any improvement with an operation, either positively—factors such as increased cervical mobility—or negatively, as a result of advanced age or a congenitally narrow spinal canal.

The natural course of symptomatic cervical degenerative disease is unclear, mainly because no good quality, prospective cohort studies of untreated patients have been conducted. However, the available observational data show that progressive disability is not inevitable, that symptoms might remain static, and patients with apparent disability might improve without surgery.6 7 8 9 Patients with radicular symptoms do not necessarily progress to develop overt myelopathy, and in one study at five years, 75% had improved spontaneously.10 A small randomised controlled trial also found that outcomes after surgery might be similar to those of conservative management.11 Possible complications of surgery include oesophageal perforation, carotid or vertebral artery injury, and permanent damage to nerve roots.12 Damage to the spinal cord might carry a risk of paraplegia.

For our original Cochrane review of the randomised trial evidence on the effect of surgery for cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy we searched BioMed Central, Medline, and Embase up to 1998. To update the review, we searched BioMed Central (the Cochrane Library 2008, issue 2), Medline, …
JSH Consensus-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2014 Update by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan
Authors: Masatoshi Kudo, Osamu Matsui, Namiki Izumi, Hiroko Iijima, Masumi Kadoya, Yasuharu Imai, Takuji Okusaka, Shiro Miyayama, Kaoru Tsuchiya, Kazuomi Ueshima, Atsushi Hiraoka, Masafumi Ikeda, Sadahisa Ogasawara, Tatsuya Yamashita, Tetsuya Minami, Koichiro Yamakado
Journal: Liver Cancer (2014)

The Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma proposed by the Japan Society of Hepatology was updated in June 2014 at a consensus meeting of the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. Three important items have been updated: the surveillance and diagnostic algorithm, the treatment algorithm, and the definition of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) failure/refractoriness. The most important update to the diagnostic algorithm is the inclusion of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a first line surveillance/diagnostic tool. Another significant update concerns removal of the term “lipiodol” from the definition of TACE failure/refractoriness.
Discrepancies between Subjective and Objective Responses to Mitral Commissurotomy
Authors: Gordon G. Bergy, Robert A. Bruce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE importance of critical and objective evaluation of any new therapy is well recognized by the medical profession. The need for applying this principle to the appraisal of mitral commissurotomy has been emphatically indicated by Soloff and Zatuchni,1 who have been impressed by the morbidity and mortality resulting from this form of treatment. Their findings are contrary to the enthusiastic reports of surgeons that are based on subjective evaluation of their patients.Objective evaluation of surgical therapy is difficult because of variations in the natural history of rheumatic heart disease as influenced by respiratory infections, arrhythmias, thromboembolism or recurrences of . . .
Lens Implants in Cataract Surgery-Reply
Authors: Irving Leopold
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Thornton points out correctly, I believe, that the new generation of intraocular lenses have improved considerably over the old ones, and that many of the mechanical difficulties of the old ones have been eliminated. However, some problems still remain. There is no guarantee at the present time that each is produced exactly the same as the previous one, although it may have the same appearance. The Food and Drug Administration has been concerned about the clinical and biological nature of each intraocular lens. For example, the manufacturer at present is not required to provide any information or proof of quality control. It would be important to know how much monomer might be present or whether there are any antioxidants, fixatives, or other compounds used in preparing the polymer and lens materials that might leach from the lens during the time the lens resides in the ocular fluids.
Effect of inhaled amiloride on water-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children.
Authors: H Mochizuki, T Shimizu, M Shigeta, K Tokuyama, A Morikawa, T Kuroume
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To determine whether the inhaled diuretic, amiloride, can modify bronchoconstriction induced by ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) in asthmatic children, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was done. The UNDW inhalation challenge was performed in 12 asthmatic children (nine boys and three girls; mean age +/- SEM, 11.2 +/- 0.75 yr), who had at least a 20% fall in FEV1 after UNDW inhalation. On separate days, these subjects underwent UNDW inhalation challenge after inhalation of amiloride (0.3 mg/m2 body surface area) or placebo (0.9% saline). Neither bronchodilation nor bronchoconstriction after amiloride inhalation was observed. The mean value and SEM of the UNDW PD20 after placebo inhalation was 4.55 +/- 0.80 ml. After inhalation of amiloride, PD20 increased to 7.93 +/- 0.75 ml (p < 0.01). We concluded that inhaled amiloride exerted a protective effect against UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children.
Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: Composition of the extracellular matrix and expression of cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion molecules
Authors: J Scoazec, J Flejou, A D'Errico, M Fiorentino, A Zamparelli, A Bringuier, G Feldmann, W F Grigioni
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

We have analyzed the composition of the tumor stroma and the expression of cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion molecules in 11 cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver (FLC), in comparison with 34 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 8 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia. Fibrolamellar carcinoma was characterized by the presence of large amounts of tenascin in tumor stroma and by the scarce expression of basement membrane components at the contact of neoplastic clusters. Like normal hepatocytes, neoplastic cells constantly expressed the alpha1 integrin chain, lacked the beta4 integrin chain, and coexpressed E-cadherin and the hepatocyte N-related cadherin. Abnormalities in the expression of cell adhesion molecules, including altered cadherin expression, alphaV integrin chain induction, and CD44 expression, were detected in the majority of cases. The composition of the tumor stroma and the pattern of expression of cell adhesion molecules in fibrolamellar carcinoma were reminiscent of those observed in grade III and grade IV hepatocellular carcinomas. Our results therefore show that, despite its slow local growth and good prognosis, fibrolamellar carcinoma expresses many characteristics usually associated with clinically aggressive malignancies. Further studies are needed to identify the factors responsible for the apparent dissociation between clinical behavior and biological characteristics in this tumor.
Gallstone Size and the Risk of Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Andrew K. Diehl
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Gallstones are a major risk factor for gallbladder cancer, but few persons with stones experience development of tumors. To examine this relationship, a case-control study was performed. Each of 81 cancer cases was matched for age, sex, hospital, and admission date with two controls, one with benign gallbladder disease and one with a nongallbladder diagnosis. Persons with large gallstones were found to be at increased risk for cancer. For those with stone diameters of 2.0 to 2.9 cm, the odds ratio (v stone size less than 1 cm) was 2.4; for stones 3 cm or larger, the ratio was 10.1. This association of large gallstones with cancer was not hypothesized before data analysis and should be replicated in other settings before being accepted. If confirmed, however, this finding might have implications for the management of silent gallstones.
Abstract IA13: MicroRNA control of muscle development and disease: from new biology to new therapeutics
Authors: Eric N. Olson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We seek to define the gene regulatory networks that govern muscle and cardiovascular development and disease. The signaling pathways and transcriptional networks that control these processes are intertwined with a collection of microRNAs (miRNAs) that act as negative regulators of gene expression. We have identified miRNAs associated with muscular dystrophy and diverse cardiovascular disorders, including cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and angiogenesis. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in mice have revealed striking functions for these miRNAs in numerous processes, such as the control of muscle regeneration, nerve-muscle interactions, myosin expression, fibrosis, hypoxia, myocyte survival, and metabolism. Identification of miRNA targets has revealed new mechanisms and regulators of development and disease. Disease-inducing miRNAs can be persistently silenced in vivo through systemic delivery of miRNA inhibitors, allowing for therapeutic modulation of disease mechanisms. Opportunities for manipulating miRNA biology in the settings of muscle disease will be discussed. Citation Format: Eric N. Olson. MicroRNA control of muscle development and disease: from new biology to new therapeutics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
P144Impact of an occluded culprit artery on the long-term prognosis of patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. could they be true STEMI-equivalents?
Authors: D I Shin, M H Jung, I J Choi, J S Yu, S M Seo, P J Kim, K Y Chang, K B Seung, Y Ahn
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: Recent studies have suggested that a subset of patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) who had occluded culprit arteries had worse outcomes compared to those with non-occluded culprit arteries. Therefore, they have been regarded as "STEMI-equivalents". We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and the long-term prognosis between these "STEMI-equivalents" and STEMI patients. Methods: A total 5025 patients with acute MI from 9 centers of 2 universities were retrospectively registered in COREA-AMI (COnvergent REgistry of catholic and chonnAm university for Acute MI) registry. Out of these, the patients who had a total occlusion (TIMI 0 or I) of "culprit" left anterior descending artery (LAD) on the baseline angiography were selected as study subjects. They were classified into two groups by initial eletrocardiographic findings: the "NSTEMI" group (n=253) and the "STEMI" group (n=800). The clinical, angiographic findings and the incidences of adverse events including in-hospital death (IHD), cardiac death (CD), recurrent nonfatal MI (RMI), and target vessel revascularization (TVR) were compared between two groups. The median follow-up duration was 47.3 months (IQR 32.7–66.2). Results: Patients in the STEMI group were younger and had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The peak levels of CK-MB and cardiac troponin were significantly higher in the STEMI group. Meanwhile, the NSTEMI group had more complex angiographic lesions (B2/C), multi-vessel diseases, and smaller stent-diameter. The incidence of IHD was significantly higher in the STEMI group than in the NSTEMI group (4.1% vs 1.2%, p=0.027). In the multivariate logistic regression, age (adjusted HR 1.161, 95% CI [1.104-1.221], p=0.035), LVEF (0.938 [0.894-0.985], p=0.010), and peak level of troponin (1.102 [1.100-1.104], p=0.016) were revealed as the independent predictors for IHD. During the 48-month follow-up, however, CD (10.6% vs 9.1%), RMI (6.3% vs 7.9%), and TVR (4.5% vs 3.2%) occurred at similar rates in both groups (all p>0.05). Furthermore, in the 12-month landmark analysis, the risk of all adverse events was not significantly different between both groups beyond 12 months (p>0.05). Conclusions: Patients with NSTEMI who had an occluded "culprit" LAD demonstrated the similar rates of adverse cardiovascular events during 48 months, compared to the patients with STEMI. These patients in the NSTEMI group may represent true "STEMI-equivalents". Thus, the precise early risk stratification followed by an early intervention should be considered for these high risk patients.
Porcine heart valves produce a protein that induces cell-mediated connective tissue degradation: I. Biological properties.
Authors: A M Henney, J T Dingle, R S Decker
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Cultured porcine heart valves secrete a factor that induces cells to degrade their extracellular matrix. This activity was routinely monitored by measuring the release of glycosaminoglycans from proteoglycan in cultured bovine nasal cartilage. It was observed that factor-mediated matrix degradation was dose dependent and required live target cells, while factor production by valves was inhibited by cycloheximide and declined with reduced cell viability. The effect of various steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the production and activity of the factor is discussed with reference to similar cytokines. It is concluded that there is a close similarity between the cardiac catabolic factor described here and catabolin, a protein isolated from porcine synovia and leukocytes, as shown by the neutralization of biological activity with antisera raised to porcine catabolin (interleukin-1).
P574 HIGH SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR FOR RECURRENCE AND SURVIVAL AFTER CURATIVE TREATMENT AMONG PATIENTS WITH HCV-RELATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN EARLY STAGE
Authors: N. Fujiwara, R. Tateishi, R. Nakagomi, M. Kondo, T. Minami, M. Sato, K. Uchino, K. Enooku, H. Nakagawa, Y. Kondo, Y. Asaoka, S. Shiina, H. Yoshida, K. Koike
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Health in china: From Mao to market reform
Authors: T. Hesketh, W. X. Zhu
Journal: BMJ (1997)

After the Liberation by Mao Ze Dong's Communist army in 1949, China experienced massive social and economic change. The dramatic reductions in mortality and morbidity of the next two decades were brought about through improvements in socioeconomic conditions, an emphasis on prevention, and almost universal access to basic health care. The economic mismanagement of the Great Leap Forward brought about a temporary reversal in these positive trends. During the Cultural Revolution there was a sustained attack on the privileged position of the medical profession. Most city doctors were sent to work in the countryside, where they trained over a million barefoot doctors. Deng Xiao Ping's radical economic reforms of the late 1970s replaced the socialist system with a market economy. Although average incomes have increased, the gap between rich and poor has widened.
The Role of Renal Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Unilateral ATN After Complete Bilateral Distal Ureteral Obstruction As a Complication of Acute Appendicitis
Authors: MONIQUE M.C. TIEL-VAN BUUL, DANIËL C. ARONSON, JAAP W. GROOTHOFF, ROBERTINE VAN BAREN, JOOST FRENKEL, ERIC A. VAN ROYEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Acute anuria due to bilateral distal ureteral obstruction developed in two boys, ages 7 and 13, several days after appendectomy, without sonographic signs of hydronephrosis or hydroureters. Decompression was achieved after introduction of ureteric stents. This failed on the left side in one patient, and unilateral acute tubular necrosis(ATN) subsequently developed on that side. Although bilateral decompression was successful in the second patient, ATN had already developed on the left side. In both patients, Tc-99m MAG3 renal scintigraphy proved to be an important tool in diagnosing unilateral ATN and for evaluating the recovery from this rare complication.
Hospitalists and the Practice of Inpatient Medicine: Results of a Survey of the National Association of Inpatient Physicians
Authors: Peter K. Lindenauer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

The number of hospital-based physicians, or hospitalists, in the United States has grown rapidly, yet no published data have characterized hospitalists or their practices. A self-administered questionnaire was used to describe 1) the features of hospitalists, 2) the hospitals in which they practice, and 3) the practice of inpatient medicine. The questionnaire contained 48 questions that covered four domains: demographic information about the respondent, the clinical and nonclinical workload and responsibilities of the respondent, organizational and financial aspects of the respondent's practice, and the respondent's satisfaction and his or her perception of the reaction of other physicians and nurses to the hospitalist system. The overall response rate was 57%. Data are reported on 372 surveys. Respondents were young and most were men, and only 48% had practiced hospital-based medicine for more than 2 years. Eighty-nine percent of respondents were internists; of these, 51% were generalists and 38% were subspecialists. Most hospitalists limited their practices to the inpatient setting, but 37% practiced outpatient general internal medicine or subspecialty medicine in a limited capacity. In addition to providing care for inpatients, 90% of hospitalists were engaged in cohsultative medicine. Quality assurance and practice guideline development were the most frequently reported nonclinical activities (53% and 46%; respectively). Small group practices (31%) and staff-model health maintenance organizations (25%) were the most common practice settings, and 78% of participants were reimbursed through salary. Financial incentives were common (43%) but modest. Accurate information about hospitalists and their practices will be important to clinicians, educators, researchers, and policymakers as the hospitalist movement continues to grow.
The K–Cl cotransporter KCC3 is mutant in a severe peripheral neuropathy associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum
Authors: Heidi C. Howard, David B. Mount, Daniel Rochefort, Nellie Byun, Nicolas Dupré, Jianming Lu, Xuemo Fan, Luyan Song, Jean-Baptiste Rivière, Claude Prévost, Jürgen Horst, Alessandro Simonati, Beate Lemcke, Rick Welch, Roger England, Frank Q. Zhan, Adriana Mercado, William B. Siesser, Alfred L. George, Michael P. McDonald, Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Jean Mathieu, Eric Delpire, Guy A. Rouleau
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
THE USE OF MODELS IN ESTIMATING VEHICLE EFFECTS ON THE ACTIVITY OF TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROID FORMULATIONS
Authors: BOYD J. POULSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article THE USE OF MODELS IN ESTIMATING VEHICLE EFFECTS ON THE ACTIVITY OF TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROID FORMULATIONS Get access BOYD J. POULSEN BOYD J. POULSEN Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Syntex Research, Palo Alto, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue s6, 1 June 1970, Page 49, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb08006.x Published: 01 June 1970
Cost Comparison of Radiofrequency Modification and Ablation of the Atrioventricular Junction in Patients With Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Bradley P. Knight, Raul Weiss, Marwan Bahu, Joseph Souza, Adam Zivin, Rajiva Goyal, Emile Daoud, K. Ching Man, S. Adam Strickberger, Fred Morady
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Because it is not clear which technique is less expensive, the purpose of this study was to compare the cost of radiofrequency modification and ablation of the atrioventricular (AV) node in drug-refractory patients with atrial fibrillation and an uncontrolled ventricular rate. Methods and Results The initial nominal charges for a successful procedure were compared in 10 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation who underwent modification of the AV node ($13 109±2002) and 14 similar patients who underwent ablation and pacemaker implantation ($28 302±2023, P &lt;.001). On the basis of the long-term follow-up of patients who underwent each procedure, it was assumed that 31% of patients selected for the modification procedure would require a permanent pacemaker for inadvertent AV block or because of AV nodal ablation after a failed modification procedure and that the recurrence rate after AV node ablation would be 2%. The annual charges during follow-up were predicted and adjusted for recurrences and the need for additional procedures. The adjusted total charges at 1 year of follow-up were significantly lower for the modification procedure ($19 389±2002) than for the ablation procedure ($28 485±2023, P &lt;.001). After 10 years of follow-up, the cumulative, adjusted charges for modification were $20 016 (42%) less than for ablation. Conclusions The initial charges generated by AV node modification are significantly lower than for AV node ablation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Even when adjusted for higher failure and recurrence rates, the modification procedure retains a major cost advantage over ablation during long-term follow-up.