tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asthma and chronic airflow limitation in the highlands of Papua New Guinea: low prevalence of asthma in the Asaro Valley
Authors: AJ Woolcock, JK Peat, V Keena, D Smith, C Molloy, A Simpson, P Middleton, P Vallance, M Alpers, W Green
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

The prevalence of asthma in the South Fore region of Papua New Guinea was found to be 7.3%, which is thought exceptionally high for highland areas in this country. To investigate the prevalence of asthma and of chronic airflow limitation in a different highland region with similar living conditions, adults and children from 7 villages in the Asaro Valley were interviewed. Questions were asked about smoking history and about past and present symptoms of cough, of shortness of breath, of chest tightness and of asthma. Of 743 adults interviewed, 206 underwent a clinical study with measurements of lung function, bronchial responsiveness and skin prick tests. Dust was collected from the floors and blankets of 36 houses for counts of house dust mites. We did not find any children with symptoms of asthma. Only 2 adults (0.3%) had symptoms consistent with asthma, and a further 6.2% had symptoms and/or lung function consistent with chronic airflow limitation. Most bronchial hyperresponsiveness was associated with asthma or with chronic airflow limitation. The prevalence of atopy was similar in the Asaro and South Fore populations, but the South Fore had higher house dust mite counts in blanket dust. The low prevalence of asthma in the Asaro Valley is unexplained in terms of factors normally associated with asthma. Because asthma in this area does not appear in childhood and only develops in a small proportion of adults, it may be of different aetiology to asthma in Caucasian populations.
Appearance of Virus Particles in BALB/c Mammary Nodule Outgrowth Lines Transplanted Into BALB/c &lt;italic&gt;f&lt;/italic&gt;. C3H and (C3Hf ) × BALB/c) F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Daniel Medina, K. B. DeOme, D. R. Pitelka, V. B. Colley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The time virus particles appeared in 2 BALB/c mammary nodule outgrowth lines (D1 and D2) transplanted into mammary tumor virus (MTV)-positive BALB/c f. C3H and nodule-inducing virus (NIV)-positive (C3Hf × BALB/c)F1 mice was determined by electron microscopy. Whereas MTV was detected within 8–11 weeks after the D1 and D2 nodule outgrowth lines were transplanted into BALB/c f. C3H mice, NIV appeared 44 weeks after the D1 nodule outgrowths were transplanted into (C3Hf × BALB/c)F1 mice. The different times of appearance of MTV and NIV may reflect an important difference between the 2 viruses. Whether this difference in viral activity is directly correlated with the oncogenic capacity of these 2 viruses remains unknown. D1 nodule outgrowths also were transplanted into (C3Hf × BALB/c)F1 mice that experienced prolonged hormone stimulation by pituitary isografts. Prolonged hormone stimulation reduced the time NIV particles became visible in D1 nodule outgrowths from 44 to 26 weeks. The appearance of virus particles representing NIV was correlated with the length of hormone stimulation and the age of the NIV-positive host.
Effective chemotherapy for advanced CNS embryonal tumors in adults.
Authors: E Galanis, J C Buckner, P J Schomberg, J E Hammack, C Raffel, B W Scheithauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE Embryonal tumors of the CNS include, among others, medulloblastoma, cerebral neuroblastoma, pineoblastoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs). Almost all data on the treatment of embryonal CNS tumors are derived from the pediatric population, since these tumors are uncommon in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to examine the rate and duration of response to chemotherapy of advanced embryonal CNS tumors in adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively studied all adult (&gt; 18 years of age) patients with advanced embryonal tumors of the CNS who received chemotherapy at our institution between 1976 and 1994. Seventeen consecutive patients were treated with regimens that contained either nitrosourea or cisplatin or both sequentially, with no patients having received the combination of nitrosourea and cisplatin concurrently. RESULTS In patients who received cisplatin-based chemotherapy, responses were observed in 84.5% (26% complete response [CR] rate), 10.5% remained stable, and 5% progressed. The median time to progression was 18 months for patients who had a CR, 6 months for those with partial response (PR), and 10 months for stable patients. Among patients who received nitrosourea-based chemotherapy, PR was observed in 27%, 36.5% remained stable, and 36.5% progress. The median time to progression was 6 months for patients who had a PR and 6.5 months for stable patients. CONCLUSION In adults with advanced embryonal CNS tumors, conventional-dose intravenous cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens are able to produce responses in the majority of the patients (84.5%), even as second- or third-line regimens. Nitrosourea-based regimens less frequently produce responses (27%).
Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis in hepatitis C virus-infected renal transplant recipients.
Authors: E Muñoz De Bustillo, C Ibarrola, F Colina, G Castellano, A Fuertes, A Andrés, J M Aguado, J L Rodicio, J M Morales
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

Severe hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis leading to early liver failure has been reported only exceptionally. Of 259 HCV-infected renal transplant (RT) patients in one hospital unit, four (1.5%) are described, representing the first series of this particular post-RT disease. Patient mean age was 55.7 yr. Three were men. All had pretransplant, hepatitis B surface antigen-negative and were anti-HCV antibodies positive. Three of them showed pretransplant mild liver enzyme abnormalities, and all received kidneys from HCV-negative donors. All were on steroids, cyclosporine, and azathioprine (AZA). The clinical pattern appeared early after RT (mean, 11.5 mo). In three patients, hyperbilirubinemia (6.5 to 20 mg/dl) and high alkaline phosphatase levels (428 to 859 IU/L) were observed. Also, in all subjects, high gamma glutamyl transpeptidase levels (639 to 4270 IU/L), mild aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase abnormalities, and serum HCV RNA were observed. Liver biopsy revealed diffuse fibrosis, leukocyte infiltrates, and different degrees of cholestasis, with typical signs of HCV hepatitis in only one patient. Two patients developed subfulminant liver failure and died 2 and 3 mo after biopsy, respectively. One patient also suffered hepatic failure, receiving a liver transplant. The fourth is alive on dialysis awaiting a combined kidney and liver transplant. It is concluded that fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis is a new, early, and severe complication after RT in HCV(+) patients, which appears in patients with ongoing HCV infection under AZA therapy, despite a nonaggressive immunosuppressive protocol. Both HCV and AZA could play a concurrent role in the pathogenesis of this severe complication after RT.
<i>IGHV</i>and Interphase Cytogenetics in a Patient With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: John C. Byrd, Meixiao Long
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Lessons from the Past: Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Outcomes of a Prematurely Terminated, Randomized Phase III Trial of Precautionary Versus Hemoglobin-Based Erythropoietin Administration for Chemotherapy-Associated Anemia in Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: G. Mountzios, G. Aravantinos, G. Kouvatseas, M. Karina, E. Samantas, P. Papakostas, D. Skarlos, E. Galani, H. Kalofonos, T. Makatsoris, D. Bafaloukos, D.G. Pectasides, G. Fountzilas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Diagnostic value of flexible bronchoscopy in persistent and recurrent wheezing of infancy
Authors: Guzin Cinel, Suleyman Tolga Yavuz, Umit Murat Sahiner, Nural Kiper, Ebru Yalcin, Deniz Dogru, Ugur Ozcelik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Persistent or recurrent wheezing are common problems in infancy.The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of flexible broncoscopy(FB) and analyze its results in infants with persistent or recurrent wheezing.

MATERIAL-METHOD:Ninety-six wheezy infants who had been performed FB between 1999 and 2011were included in this study. Demographic features, radiological, laboratory and bronchoscopic findings were analyzed.

RESULTS:Sixty-six patients were male and the median age at FB date was 0.9 (0.6-1.5) years. Median age at symptom onset was 3 (1-6) months.Twenty-one patients had persistent and 75 had recurrent wheezing. Fifty-five patients had regular asthma therapy before the procedure.Thirty patients had atelectasis on radiological imaging.FB revealed a diagnosis in 64 patients.Functional abnormalities in 43 patients (13 tracheobronchomalacia, 10 bronchomalacia, 7 tracheal dyskinesia, 6 tracheomalacia, 4 laryngotracheomalacia, 3 laryngotracheobronchomalacia), structural abnormalities in 8 patients (5 bronchial stenosis, 2 tracheal stenosis, 1 abnormal bronchial anatomy) and foreign body in the airways in 1 patient were determined.Microbiological investigations of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid revealed CMV PCR positivity in 8 patients and bacterial infections in 4. BAL fluid microbiological investigations demonstrated various bacterial agents in 37 patients.Also, accompanying gastrooesophageal reflux in 28 shown by lipid laden macrophages in BAL fluid.

Functional and structural airway abnormalities must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of infants with persistent or recurrent wheezing.FB is a diagnostic tool in these patients and avoids redundant medications.
An audit of inpatient mortality and readmission rates in acute exacerbation of COPD - Exploring the role of comorbidity and inflammatory markers
Authors: Aisha McClintock-Tiongco, Arjun Patel, Indranil Chakravorty
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Acute exacerbations of COPD is the cause of rising admissions and burden on resources in spite of systems to minimise inpatient stay and facilitate discharge. The system of reimbursements in the UK NHS, penalises hospitals for readmission within 30 days. Understanding the factors leading to early readmission may help to focus resources.  We audited inpatient records of 577 (female = 260) episodes in 12-months till Dec911. Age, co-morbidities, length of stay (LoS), readmission rate, time to readmission, white cell count and C reactive protein were collected.  218 episodes with >1 admission, 47% readmissions within 30 days; and 20 inpatient deaths. Age 69 (+/-11) yrs men & 72 (+/-12) yrs women, p=0.02. The LoS = 6 (+/-7) days men & 7 (+/-10) days women, p=ns. 344 patients had >1 associated co-morbidity. Standard mortality was 35/1000 admissions.  Patients who died were older (76+/-8 vs 70+/-11 yrs, p = 0.03) had higher (WCC 26+/- 26 vs 12+/-7 x10-9/l, p   Inpatient mortality and LoS were predictably correlated with age and raised inflammatory markers. Nearly half of the patients were readmitted within 30 days, which would lead to morbidity and a loss of revenue. Yet, none of the common factors were found to predict the 9risk of9, or 9time to9 readmission. Therefore, future prevention of admission strategies may need to include telemedicine, monitoring at home and frequent flyer clinics.
Tyrosine sulfation in the N-terminal domain of human C5aR is necessary for high-affinity binding of chemotaxis inhibitory protein of staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zhenjia Liu, Aixia Wang, Guanhua Du, Jinming Gao
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Staphylococcus aureus evades host defense through releasing several virulence proteins, such as chemotaxis inhibitory protein of staphylococcus aureus (CHIPS). Previous studies have shown that extracellular N terminus of C5a receptor (C5aR) forms the binding domain for CHIPS. Tyrosine sulfation is emerging as a key factor in determining protein-protein interaction. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of tyrosine sulfation of N-terminal C5aR in binding to CHIPS.   Methods:  Expression plasmids encoding C5aR and its mutants were made by PCR and site-directed mutagenesis. HEK 293T cells were transfected with plasmids encoding C5aR using calcium phosphate. Recombinant CHIPS protein was purified. Western blotting was used to assay the binding of CHIPS to C5aR or its mutants and p-38 phosphorylation.   Results:  We report that CHIPS exclusively binds to C5aR, but not to C5L2 or C3aR. A nonspecific sulfation inhibitor, sodium chlorate, diminishes the binding ability of C5aR to CHIPS. Blocking sulfation by mutation of tyrosine to phenylalanine at positions 11 and 14 of C5aR N terminus completely abrogates CHIPS binding. When tyrosine 14 alone was mutated to phenylalanine, the binding affinity of recombinant CHIPS was substantially decreased. CHIPS fails to induce p-38 phosphorylation in cells overexpressing wild-type C5aR or its mutants.   Conclusion:  This study defines a structural basis of C5aR-CHIPS association, in which tyrosine sulfation of N-terminal C5aR plays an important role in CHIPS binding. Our data would make it possible to develop potent drugs for therapeutic intervention.
Preclinical Efficacy of Ron Kinase Inhibitors Alone and in Combination with PI3K Inhibitors for Treatment of sfRon-Expressing Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts
Authors: Magdalena Bieniasz, Parvathi Radhakrishnan, Najme Faham, Jean-Paul De La O, Alana L. Welm
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Recent studies have demonstrated that short-form Ron (sfRon) kinase drives breast tumor progression and metastasis through robust activation of the PI3K pathway. We reasoned that upfront, concurrent inhibition of sfRon and PI3K might enhance the antitumor effects of Ron kinase inhibitor therapy while also preventing potential therapeutic resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Experimental Design: We used patient-derived breast tumor xenografts (PDX) as high-fidelity preclinical models to determine the efficacy of single-agent or dual Ron/PI3K inhibition. We tested the Ron kinase inhibitor ASLAN002 with and without coadministration of the PI3K inhibitor NVP-BKM120 in hormone receptor–positive [estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+] breast PDXs with and without PIK3CA gene mutation. Results: Breast PDX tumors harboring wild-type PIK3CA showed a robust response to ASLAN002 as a single agent. In contrast, PDX tumors harboring mutated PIK3CA demonstrated partial resistance to ASLAN002, which was overcome with addition of NVP-BKM120 to the treatment regimen. We further demonstrated that concurrent inhibition of sfRon and PI3K in breast PDX tumors with wild-type PIK3CA provided durable tumor stasis after therapy cessation, whereas discontinuation of either monotherapy facilitated tumor recurrence. Conclusions: Our work provides preclinical rationale for targeting sfRon in patients with breast cancer, with the important stipulation that tumors harboring PIK3CA mutations may be partially resistant to Ron inhibitor therapy. Our data also indicate that tumors with wild-type PIK3CA are most effectively treated with an upfront combination of Ron and PI3K inhibitors for the most durable response. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5588–600. ©2015 AACR.
Abstract 121: Identification of Barriers for Out-of-Hospital Management of Acute Respiratory Distress in the Pediatric Patient Using Simulation and a Training Concept for Improvement
Authors: Brian Lanier, Valerie De Maio, Paul Hinchey, Amar Patel, J. B Myers, Robert Lee, Joseph Zalkin, Ryan Lewis, Jose Cabanas, Ashley Elkins
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objectives: For children, prompt out-of-hospital management of respiratory distress may prevent further deterioration and even death. We identified barriers to quality care for pediatric respirator...
Pulmonary perfusion scan follow-up in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Liliana Villari, Roberta Pancani, Elena Mariancini, Ferruccio Aquilini, Carlo Marini, Alessandro Celi, Antonio Palla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction 

The role of pulmonary perfusion scan in the follow-up of pulmonary embolism (PE) is not clearly known

Aim 

To assess the evolution of pulmonary perfusion after a symptomatic acute PE and the role of persistent perfusion defects in assessing the risk of recurrent PE.

Methods 

A retrospective analysis (April 2005-May 2010) of patients with symptomatic acute PE for whom a pulmonary perfusion scan follow-up of at least 6 months was available. All scans were read independently by 2 readers whose agreement was calculated by kappa test. Recurrent PE was diagnosed on the basis of the presence of segmental perfusion defects not present at the previous control.

Result 

The analysis refers to 252 patients, aged 69 ± 15 years (mean ± SD). The kappa index ranged from 0.84 to 0.98 for the different times. The number of unperfused segments decreased from 5.8 ± 2.8 (baseline) to 2.1 ± 2.0 (6 months, p <0.0001) to 1.7 ± 1.8 (12 months, ns; ANOVA).

![Figure][1] 



After a month from the diagnosis there were 16 recurrences; the number of unperfused segments at the last scan available prior to recurrence did not differ significantly from the number measured at the standard 6 months control in patients without recurrent PE.

Conclusion 

After 6 months from acute PE there is a significant reduction in the number of unperfused segments which does not change significantly afterwards. The persistence of perfusion defects is not predictive for the development of later recurrent PE.

 [1]: pending:yes
Rare and low-frequency variants and their association with plasma levels of fibrinogen, FVII, FVIII, and vWF
Authors: Jennifer E. Huffman, Paul S. de Vries, Alanna C. Morrison, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Tim Kacprowski, Paul L. Auer, Jennifer A. Brody, Daniel I. Chasman, Ming-Huei Chen, Xiuqing Guo, Li-An Lin, Riccardo E. Marioni, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Lisa R. Yanek, Nathan Pankratz, Megan L. Grove, Moniek P. M. de Maat, Mary Cushman, Kerri L. Wiggins, Lihong Qi, Bengt Sennblad, Sarah E. Harris, Ozren Polasek, Helene Riess, Fernando Rivadeneira, Lynda M. Rose, Anuj Goel, Kent D. Taylor, Alexander Teumer, André G. Uitterlinden, Dhananjay Vaidya, Jie Yao, Weihong Tang, Daniel Levy, Melanie Waldenberger, Diane M. Becker, Aaron R. Folsom, Franco Giulianini, Andreas Greinacher, Albert Hofman, Chiang-Ching Huang, Charles Kooperberg, Angela Silveira, John M. Starr, Konstantin Strauch, Rona J. Strawbridge, Alan F. Wright, Barbara McKnight, Oscar H. Franco, Neil Zakai, Rasika A. Mathias, Bruce M. Psaty, Paul M. Ridker, Geoffrey H. Tofler, Uwe Völker, Hugh Watkins, Myriam Fornage, Anders Hamsten, Ian J. Deary, Eric Boerwinkle, Wolfgang Koenig, Jerome I. Rotter, Caroline Hayward, Abbas Dehghan, Alex P. Reiner, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Nicholas L. Smith
Journal: Blood (2015)
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Can Be Prevented by Lifestyle Intervention: The Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL)
Authors: Saila B. Koivusalo, Kristiina Rönö, Miira M. Klemetti, Risto P. Roine, Jaana Lindström, Maijaliisa Erkkola, Risto J. Kaaja, Maritta Pöyhönen-Alho, Aila Tiitinen, Emilia Huvinen, Sture Andersson, Hannele Laivuori, Anita Valkama, Jelena Meinilä, Hannu Kautiainen, Johan G. Eriksson, Beata Stach-Lempinen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE To assess whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can be prevented by a moderate lifestyle intervention in pregnant women who are at high risk for the disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two hundred ninety-three women with a history of GDM and/or a prepregnancy BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 were enrolled in the study at &amp;lt;20 weeks of gestation and were randomly allocated to the intervention group (n = 155) or the control group (n = 138). Each subject in the intervention group received individualized counseling on diet, physical activity, and weight control from trained study nurses, and had one group meeting with a dietitian. The control group received standard antenatal care. The diagnosis of GDM was based on a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks of gestation. RESULTS A total of 269 women were included in the analyses. The incidence of GDM was 13.9% in the intervention group and 21.6% in the control group ([95% CI 0.40–0.98%]; P = 0.044, after adjustment for age, prepregnancy BMI, previous GDM status, and the number of weeks of gestation). Gestational weight gain was lower in the intervention group (−0.58 kg [95% CI −1.12 to −0.04 kg]; adjusted P = 0.037). Women in the intervention group increased their leisure time physical activity more and improved their dietary quality compared with women in the control group. CONCLUSIONS A moderate individualized lifestyle intervention reduced the incidence of GDM by 39% in high-risk pregnant women. These findings may have major health consequences for both the mother and the child.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) treatment for asthma in adults and children: A cochrane systematic review
Authors: Hooi Shan Yap, Khin Hnin, Kyi Saw Tin, Kristin V. Carson, Brian Smith
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim: Asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) are common medical conditions which often co-exist. Temporal relationship between GOR and asthma had yet been established due to conflicting evidence of GOR as a trigger of asthma.We aim to evaluate effectiveness of treatments for GOR in terms of their benefit on asthma.  Method: The Cochrane Airways group trials register and Central database were searched for trials, review articles and reference lists of articles. Randomised controlled trials of treatment for GOR in adults and children with a diagnosis of both asthma and GOR were included. Data were reviewed and extracted by two independent authors. Primary outcomes were acute exacerbations, hospitalisation and emergency room⁄unscheduled doctor visits. Secondary outcomes include lung function, asthma symptom scores, use of “rescue” medication⁄emergency action plan, nocturnal symptoms, airway hyper-responsiveness, treatment preferences and quality of life.  Results: 386 citations were retrieved from the databases producing 25 studies, which met inclusion criteria. For acute exacerbation, 5 studies reported 150 events in intervention group compared to 158 events in control group (odds ratio 0.92; 95%CI 0.70 to 1.22; p=0.56). Overall effect estimate for acute exacerbation favours intervention but is not statistically significant. On the other hand, there is inadequate data for meta-analysis of event of hospitalisation and emergency room⁄unscheduled doctor visits.  Conclusion: GOR treatment does not significantly improve asthma outcomes. More studies will be required to clarify the relationship and significance of GOR treatment in asthma.