tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bacterial aetiology in the Danish pleural empyema project
Authors: Christian N. Meyer, Karin Armbruster, Bo Broberg, Alice Friis-Moller, Ram D. Dessau, Ina S. Petersen, Michael Pedersen, Thomas Ringbæk, Michael Kemp
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Recent publications identified the aetiology of pleural empyema with results varying according to antimicrobials given before sampling.  Objectives  Our aim was to identify the microbiological aetiology in pleural empyema by standard methods and later evaluate, if DNA-amplification methods may supplement culture results by detecting further clinically relevant micro-organisms.  Methods  From 2008-2011 in the Danish Pleural Empyema Project, the respiratory medical departments from 8 Danish hospitals participated. Cases were prospectively identified clinically and pleural fluid samples were collected for standard microbiological analysis (microscopy and culture). Further samples were collected and kept in storage at minus 80 degrees Celsius for later PCR analyses. Cases judged as non-infectious were excluded. Clinical data were collected regarding symptoms, pre-admission treatment, clinical findings, risk factors, co-morbidity, blood test results, radiology, treatment, and outcome.  Results  A total of 434 episodes of pleural empyema were identified. In 242 cases (56%), the cultures were either negative (n=198) or no pleural samples were successfully taken (n=44). Among the 192 cases with proven aetiology, mixed infections were identified in 47 cases (24%), 34 Streptococcus pneumoniae (18%), 53 non-pneumoniae streptococci (28%), 16 Staphylococcus aureus (8.3%), 15 enterobacteriaceae (7.8%), 15 anaerobes (7.8%), and 5 Enterococcus species (2.6%).  Conclusions. 56% of the cases were culture negative by standard methods. Future studies are planned to implement DNA-methods optimised for mixed infections for identification of the micro-organisms. This may expand the identified spectrum of detected micro-organisms and improve the treatment.
Abstract 1417: Perceptions of Chronic Heart Failure Patients' Health Status Prior to Hospitalization by Patients and Their Family Caregiver/Significant Others
Authors: Jill R Quinn, Maureen M Friedman, Leway Chen, Judith D Brasch, Joyce A Smith
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Purpose: Perceived health status has been measured in chronic heart failure (HF) patients, but little is known if family caregivers/significant others (FC/SOs) have similar or different perceptions...
Effects of methylphenidate on regional brain glucose metabolism in humans: relationship to dopamine D2 receptors
Authors: N D Volkow, G J Wang, J S Fowler, J Logan, B Angrist, R Hitzemann, J Lieberman, N Pappas
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Objective: The authors' goals were to determine whether baseline dopamine activity contributes to response to methylphenidate and to assess the pattern of metabolic responses associated with enhanced dopamine activity.Method: They used positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose to evaluate the effects of two sequential doses of methylphenidate on brain metabolism in 15 healthy subjects.Dopamine D 2 receptor availability was measured with [11C]raclopride to evaluate its relation to methylphenidate-induced metabolic changes.Results: Methylphenidate increased brain metabolism in six subjects, decreased it in two, and did not change it in seven; however, it consistently increased cerebellar metabolism.Methylphenidate significantly increased "relative" (region relative to the whole brain) metabolism in the cerebellum and decreased it in the basal ganglia.Regional metabolic changes in the cerebellum and the frontal and temporal cortices were significantly correlated with D 2 availability.Frontal and temporal metabolism were increased in subjects with high D 2 receptors and decreased in subjects with low D 2 receptors.Conclusions: Methylphenidate induced variable changes in brain metabolism, but it consistently increased cerebellar metabolism.It also induced a significant reduction in relative metabolism in the basal ganglia.The significant association between metabolic changes in the frontal and temporal cortices and in the cerebellum and D 2 receptors suggests that methylphenidate's metabolic effects in these brain regions are due in part to dopamine changes and that differences in D 2 receptors may be one of the mechanisms accounting for the variability in response to methylphenidate.
Evolution of the Fire Ant Lesion
Authors: J Goddard, J Jarratt, F R de Castro
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3472: Endogenous Muscle Atrophy F-box Mediates Pressure Overload Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy via Activation of NF-{kappa}B
Authors: Soichiro Usui, Ijen Yeh, Bin Tian, Masayuki Takamura, Shuichi Kaneko, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Abstract 6132: Inflammation Activity of Vascular Plaque Is Increased in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Assessed by Delayed FDG-PET Imaging
Authors: Jin Won Kim, Sung Eun Kim, Hong Seog Seo, Jae Hyoung Park, Cheol Ung Choi, Jin Oh Na, Eung Joo Kim, Seung-Woon Rha, Chang Gyu Park, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: To investigate whether acute coronary syndrome resulting from coronary plaque instability is associated with widespread vascular inflammation, we assessed carotid plaque inflammation ac...
Correspondence re: M. H. Antecol and B. B. Mukherjee. Effects of 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on Fibroblasts from Individuals Genetically Predisposed to Cancer. Cancer Res., 42: 3870–3879, 1982.— 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced Effects in Fibroblasts from Humans Predisposed to Colon Cancer
Authors: Michael H. Antecol, Barid B. Mukherjee
Journal: Cancer Research (1983)
Gender differences in the course of schizophrenia
Authors: J M Goldstein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

This study tested the hypothesis that schizophrenic women experience a less severe course of illness than schizophrenic men. Ninety patients with DSM-III diagnoses of schizophrenia, who were in the early stages of illness, were followed for 10 years with respect to rehospitalizations and length of time in the hospital. Multivariate regression techniques were used to test for gender differences across multiple outcomes. The women experienced fewer rehospitalizations and shorter stays than did the men. These findings were not an artifact of diagnosis. The results suggest that the determinants of gender differences occur during the premorbid period and are manifest early in the development of the disorder.
Perioperative management of esophageal cancer surgery based on a modified ERAS protocol.
Authors: Takashi Ogata, Yousuke Makuuchi, Kenki Segami, Taiichi Kawabe, Shigeya Hayashi, Tsutomu Sato, Yoshiaki Osaka, Shingo Tatibana, Akihiko Tsuchida, Haruhiko Cho, Takaki Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

99 Background: We have performed perioperative management using modified ERAS protocol after esophageal cancer surgery. Our protocol includes plaque control in collaboration with dental clinic, breathing training, nutrition support for low-nutrition, preoperative oral rehydration, pain control, early mobilization, early enteral nutrition and intestinal peristalsis monitoring by abdominal Xp with contrast agents after surgery, and so on. Methods: The aim of the study is to clarify the safety of our modified ERAS protocol as perioperative management of esohphageal surgery. 136 cases of thoracic esophageal cancer patients were performed with 3 field lymph node dissection between January 2011 and July 2014 using modified ERAS protocol(group A). 29 cases were performed classical postoperative management between September 2008 and November 2009(group B). We compared ventilator weaning dates, start dates of postoperative ambulation, start dates of enteral feeding, start dates of oral intake, length of hospital stay, the number of hospital death between group A and group B. Results: In group A, except two cases was extubated in POD1, start dates of postoperative ambulation was POD1(median), start dates of enteral feeding was POD1(median), start dates of oral intake was POD6(median), length of hospital stay was 15days(median), and the number of hospital death was 1case. On the other hand, in group B, dates of extubation was POD4(median), start dates of postoperative ambulation was POD2(median), enteral feeding was not sued for postoperative management, start dates of oral intake was POD15(median), length of hospital stay was 29days(median), and the number of hospital death was 2case. After introduction of this protocol, all these values were significantly reduced in group A rather than in group B. Walking distance were 130m(POD1), 322m(POD2), 509m(POD3), completion rate of enteral feeding was 90%, and the safety of enteral nutrition was also confirmed by peristalsis monitor using abdominal Xp with contrast agents or defecation state. Conclusions: It was considered that perioperative management of esophageal cancer surgery based on modified ERAS protocol is contribute to the early recover of postoperative status.
A neurobiological basis of social attachment
Authors: T R Insel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Although an inability to form normal social attachments characterizes many forms of psychopathology, there has been little study of the neural basis of social bond formation. The primary purpose of this article is to describe a novel approach to the neurobiology of attachment.The author reviews animal research on two closely related neuropeptides, oxytocin and vasopressin, implicated in the central mediation of attachment behaviors. These neuropeptides appear to be important for the initiation of pair bonds and parental behaviors as well as the infant's response to social separation.Both cellular and molecular studies have begun to reveal the mechanisms by which oxytocin and vasopressin neural pathways are regulated, leading to a preliminary understanding of how these hormones act within the brain to influence complex social behaviors.Although their function in the human brain has yet to be demonstrated, the available evidence suggests that oxytocin and vasopressin may prove to be important in the pathophysiology of clinical disorders, such as autism, characterized by an inability to form normal social attachments.
SWITCH: A Randomised, Sequential, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Sorafenib-sunitinib Versus Sunitinib-sorafenib in the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Christian Eichelberg, Walter L. Vervenne, Maria De Santis, Ludwig Fischer von Weikersthal, Peter J. Goebell, Christian Lerchenmüller, Uwe Zimmermann, Monique M.E.M. Bos, Werner Freier, Silke Schirrmacher-Memmel, Michael Staehler, Sascha Pahernik, Maartje Los, Marcus Schenck, Anne Flörcken, Cornelis van Arkel, Kirsten Hauswald, Martin Indorf, Dana Gottstein, Maurice S. Michel
Journal: European Urology (2015)

Understanding how to sequence targeted therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is important for maximisation of clinical benefit. To prospectively evaluate sequential use of the multikinase inhibitors sorafenib followed by sunitinib (So-Su) versus sunitinib followed by sorafenib (Su-So) in patients with mRCC. The multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 SWITCH study assessed So-Su versus Su-So in patients with mRCC without prior systemic therapy, and stratified by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center risk score (favourable or intermediate). Patients were randomised to sorafenib 400 mg twice daily followed, on progression or intolerable toxicity, by sunitinib 50 mg once daily (4 wk on, 2 wk off) (So-Su), or vice versa (Su-So). The primary endpoint was improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) with So-Su versus Su-So, assessed from randomisation to progression or death during second-line therapy. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and safety. In total, 365 patients were randomised (So-Su, n = 182; Su-So, n = 183). There was no significant difference in total PFS between So-Su and Su-So (median 12.5 vs 14.9 mo; hazard ratio [HR] 1.01; 90% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–1.27; p = 0.5 for superiority). OS was similar for So-Su and Su-So (median 31.5 and 30.2 mo; HR 1.00, 90% CI 0.77–1.30; p = 0.5 for superiority). More So-Su patients than Su-So patients reached protocol-defined second-line therapy (57% vs 42%). Overall, adverse event rates were generally similar between the treatment arms. The most frequent any-grade treatment-emergent first-line adverse events were diarrhoea (54%) and hand-foot skin reaction (39%) for sorafenib; and diarrhoea (40%) and fatigue (40%) for sunitinib. Total PFS was not superior with So-Su versus Su-So. These results demonstrate that sorafenib followed by sunitinib and vice versa provide similar clinical benefit in mRCC. We investigated if total progression-free survival (PFS) is improved in patients with advanced/metastatic kidney cancer who are treated with sorafenib and then with sunitinib (So-Su), compared with sunitinib and then sorafenib (Su-So). We found that total PFS was not improved with So-Su compared with Su-So, but both treatment options were similarly effective in patients with advanced/metastatic kidney cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00732914, www.clinicaltrials.gov
Abstract 4213: Diagnostic Accuracy and Image Quality of Cardiac Dual-Source Computed Tomography in Patients with Arrhythmia
Authors: Tanja Drosch, Anja Reimann, Harald Brodoefel, Ilias Tsiflikas, Christoph Thomas, Martin Heuschmid, Stephen Schroeder, Christof Burgstahler
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Cardiac multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) permits accurate visualization of high-grade coronary artery stenosis. However, in patients with heart rate irregularities, MDCT was found to have ...
Identification of complement factor 5 as a susceptibility locus for experimental allergic asthma
Authors: Christopher L. Karp, Andrew Grupe, Eric Schadt, Susan L. Ewart, Michelle Keane-Moore, Peter J. Cuomo, Jörg Köhl, Larry Wahl, Douglas Kuperman, Soren Germer, Dee Aud, Gary Peltz, Marsha Wills-Karp
Journal: Nature Immunology (2000)
“I'm suffering from work related stress, doctor”
Authors: Kevin Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2000)

My first girlfriend would sometimes ask me, as we wandered along the deep lanes by our Cotswold school, whether I was happy. The question would uniformly plunge me into a state of self questioning doubt. The truth was that, when I paused to examine the question, I was not happy. At least not to the degree that the films shown in the assembly hall on a Saturday night had led me to expect that I should be. But equally …
Abstract 2003: Prevalence of Heart Failure Related Hospitalizations and Risk Factors for Mortality in Pediatric Patients: An Analysis of a Nationwide Sampling of Hospital Discharges
Authors: Joseph W Rossano, Farhan Zafar, Daniel E Graves, William J Dreyer, Susan W Denfield, Jeffrey J Kim, Jeffrey A Towbin, Jamie A Decker, Jeffrey S Heinle, John L Jefferies, Jack F Price, Biykem Bozkurt, David L Morales
Journal: Circulation (2009)
In vitro evaluation of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to quinolones
Authors: A. Aranda, C. Mayorga, A. Ariza, I. Doña, A. Rosado, N. Blanca-Lopez, I. Andreu, M. J. Torres
Journal: Allergy (2010)

To cite this article: Aranda A, Mayorga C, Ariza A, Doña I, Rosado A, Blanca-Lopez N, Andreu I, Torres MJ. In vitro evaluation of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to quinolones. Allergy 2011; 66: 247–254. Background: Hypersensitivity IgE-mediated reactions to quinolones are not easy to diagnose, with skin testing inducing false positive results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro-specific IgE response in patients with immediate allergic reactions to quinolones. Methods: We evaluated 38 patients with confirmed immediate allergic reactions to quinolones. Those with anaphylaxis were considered allergic by clinical history, once other possible causes were ruled out, and those with urticaria by drug provocation. Sepharose-radioimmunoassay (RIA) and basophil activation test (BAT) with ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin were performed. Results: The quinolones involved were moxifloxacin (N = 24), ciprofloxacin (N = 11) and levofloxacin (N = 3). Sepharose-RIA was positive in 12 cases (31.57%) and BAT in 27 (71.05%). With Sepharose-RIA, 8 (21%) were positive to ciprofloxacin, 7 (18.4%) to moxifloxacin and 7 (18.4%) to levofloxacin. With BAT, 23 (60.5%) were positive to ciprofloxacin, 12 (31.6%) to moxifloxacin and 8 (21%) to levofloxacin. The specificity of the Sepharose-RIA was demonstrated by inhibition tests. To confirm that the BAT results observed were IgE mediated, the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin was used, with this compound inhibiting the BAT when stimulated with anti-IgE and the different quinolones, but not when fMLP was used as the basophil stimulator. Sepharose-RIA and BAT were repeated in positive cases 1 year later, detecting a decrease in all cases, with four becoming negative. Conclusion: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to quinolones do occur, with moxifloxacin being the drug most frequently involved. The BAT is a useful method for diagnosing patients. Specific IgE was demonstrated by Sepharose-RIA and inhibition assay.
Abstract 17106: Rapamycin Increases Infarct Size and is Detrimental During Acute Ischemia-Reperfusion
Authors: Antonio D Lassaletta, Louis M Chu, Frank W Sellke, Cesario Bianchi
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: The inflammatory response associated with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion has been shown to have both cardioprotective and damaging mechanisms. The effect of immunosuppression in this setting is unknown. We hypothesized that treatment with the immunosuppressant rapamycin prior to acute ischemia/reperfusion injury would be detrimental to cardiac function. Methods/Results: Male Yorkshire swine (16-19 kg) received either no drug (controls) or were given 4mg of rapamycin daily. After two weeks of treatment, all animals underwent sternotomy and the mid-LAD was occluded for 60 minutes followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. Left ventricular pressure-volume data was collected throughout the operation. The ischemic and infarct areas were measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Rapamycin levels were significantly higher in the treated animals compared to controls. Animals pre-treated with Rapamycin had significantly lower cardiac output (p=0.016), stroke work (p=0.022), and maximum power (p=0.017) compared to controls. There was nearly a two fold increase in infarct size in the treated animals compared to controls with no significant difference in the size of the ischemic territories between groups. Protein expression of p-SP6, p-P70S6K, and p-4E-BP1 were all significantly higher in the rapamycin treated group (Table). Conclusions: Pre-treatment with the immunosuppressant rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, diminished cardiac function by several measures and increased infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion. Interestingly, the downstream substrates of mTOR were more highly expressed in the rapamycin treated animals. These results suggest that patients taking rapamycin, or carrying stents coated with rapamycin may not only be at higher risk for cardiac events but may also be predisposed to poorer outcomes after such events. The mechanism remains to be determined.
Concordance for the syndrome of autism in 40 pairs of afflicted twins
Authors: Edward R Ritvo, B. J. Freeman, Anne Mason-Brothers, Amy Mo, Anne M. Ritvo
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The UCLA Registry for Genetic Studies in Autism was established in 1980 to test the hypothesis that genetic factors may be etiologically significant in subsets of patients. To date 61 pairs of twins have enrolled and 40 meet research diagnostic criteria for autism. The authors found a concordance for autism in these 40 pairs of 95.7% in the monozygotic twins (22 of 23) and 23.5% in the dizygotic twins (four of 17).
Introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Sweden
Authors: A Tegnell, J Dillner, B Andrae
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (NBH) decided that a vaccine that protects against cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) should be included in the childhood vaccination directive as a nationwide-programme targeting 12-year-old girls from 2010 as a part of the school-health programme. Currently, vaccination of girls 13-18 years of age is covered by the public insurance. In this paper we describe the decision-making process behind the introduction of HPV vaccination in Sweden.
Abstract 15344: The Relationship Between Mean Arterial Blood Pressure Goals and Survival in Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome Patients Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Anne V Grossestreuer, Benjamin S Abella, Robert W Neumar, Marion Leary, David F Gaieski
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only approved therapy for victims of sudden cardiac arrest who have a return of spontaneous circulation but have post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS)....
Diagnosing symptomatic cancer in the NHS
Authors: William Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Fast track referral is one part of an improving picture

In a linked article, Moller and colleagues1 present a neat analysis of the use of the fast track referral pathway for patients with suspected cancer in 2009 (two week wait system) by English general practices and subsequent cancer mortality in patients from these practices. In 2009, this fast track pathway enabled access to a specialist opinion or diagnostic test within two weeks for eligible patients. Moller and colleagues studied three measures: the referral ratio (each practice’s use of the two week wait system compared with other practices), detection rate (percentage of cancers in a practice that were detected via the two week clinics), and conversion rate (proportion of patients who went through the two week wait system and who were then shown to have cancer). Practices with a high referral ratio and those with a high detection rate had reduced cancer mortality, although the conversion rate showed no association.

Cancer survival in England has steadily improved since 1995, and this improvement is accelerating.2 Even so, we remain stubbornly behind other European countries, although the gap is narrowing for some cancers.2 This improvement is accompanied by a reduction in emergency presentations for …
Emergence and control of an outbreak of infections due to Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive, ST22 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: A.N. Pinto, R. Seth, F. Zhou, J. Tallon, K. Dempsey, M. Tracy, G.L. Gilbert, M.V.N. O'Sullivan
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)