tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low acceptance of vaccination against the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) among healthcare workers in Greece
Authors: G Rachiotis, V A Mouchtouri, J Kremastinou, K Gourgoulianis, C Hadjichristodoulou
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

A questionnaire survey on the attitude of healthcare workers towards pandemic influenza vaccination showed low acceptance (17%) of the pandemic vaccine. Factors associated with vaccine uptake were acceptance of seasonal influenza vaccination, medical profession and age. The main reason for refusal of vaccination was fear of side effects, which was stronger in those who received information on the safety of the vaccine mainly from mass media.
Wollaston beats homeopathy supporter to chair health select committee
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The former GP Sarah Wollaston has been re-elected as chair of the House of Commons Health Committee until 2020.

Wollaston defeated the challenger David Tredinnick by a comprehensive 532 votes to 64, after a secret ballot cast on Wednesday 17 June.

The former Devon GP, who graduated in medicine from King’s College …
Clonidine in the treatment of mania and mixed bipolar disorder
Authors: G S Zubenko, B M Cohen, J F Lipinski, J M Jonas
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The symptoms of three bipolar patients remitted after clonidine treatment. One patient presented with mixed bipolar disorder, two were manic, and all were psychotic. One patient's akathisia also appeared to respond to clonidine. Clonidine's thymoleptic effect paralleled resulting cardiovascular changes.
Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Regarding Enrollment of Incompetent Adults in More Than Minimal Risk Research as Compared With Children
Authors: Arthur R. Derse, Ryan Spellecy
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

"Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Regarding Enrollment of Incompetent Adults in More Than Minimal Risk Research as Compared With Children." The American Journal of Bioethics, 15(10), pp. 68–69
Fatigue in psoriasis: mapping the wider picture
Authors: P.A. Nelson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

ORIGINAL ARTICLE, p 1196 Fatigue, defined as ‘extreme and persistent tiredness, weakness or exhaustion – mental, physical or both’,1 is common across inflammatory conditions and disabling to live with. Patient‐reported levels of fatigue often do not correlate with clinically judged disease severity and can be inadvertently minimized by clinicians.2 The review of Skoie et al.3 in this issue of the BJD highlights that fatigue in psoriasis is an under‐researched phenomenon, but one that can significantly impact on both individuals and society. It identifies a need to map the prevalence, degree and impact of fatigue in the psoriasis population and to understand its pathophysiology, including the role of inflammatory processes and pharmacological therapies. The authors emphasize that the biological mechanisms of psoriasis‐related fatigue are as yet poorly understood, and propose that the unclear relationship between disease activity and fatigue may be explained by underlying genetic and/or molecular mechanisms. The authors identify the challenges of measuring fatigue and indicate a potential role for psychological and social factors in fatigue, although a detailed discussion was beyond the scope of the current review. Future studies of psoriasis‐related fatigue would need to address these important aspects.
Autoradiographic Studies of Mouse Ascites Tumors, C1498 and E.L.4, in Susceptible (C57BL) and Resistant (B10.D2) Mice
Authors: Kyoko Kano Tanaka, Eugene Roberts
Journal: Cancer Research (1964)

Comparisons were made by autoradiographic methods of incorporation of tritiated precursors of DNA, RNA, and proteins in C1498 and E.L.4 ascites tumors at various times during the growth of tumors in a susceptible strain of mice (C57BL) and a resistant coisogenic subline (B10.D2), which differ only at the H-2 histocompatibility locus. Autoradiographic examination at various times following tumor inoculation revealed a close similarity in pattern of incorporation of precursors into nucleic acids and proteins of the tumor cells in both sublines until tumor destruction took place in the resistant mice. Only during the period of actual homograft rejection did the extent of labeling of the cells in the resistant line decline greatly. A slight, as yet unexplained, stimulation of incorporation of labeled uridine and amino acids into tumor cells frequently was noted in the resistant animals just prior to tumor rejection.
An ontology for cell types.
Authors: Jonathan Bard, Seung Y Rhee, Michael Ashburner
Journal: Genome biology (2005)

Abstract We describe an ontology for cell types that covers the prokaryotic, fungal, animal and plant worlds. It includes over 680 cell types. These cell types are classified under several generic categories and are organized as a directed acyclic graph. The ontology is available in the formats adopted by the Open Biological Ontologies umbrella and is designed to be used in the context of model organism genome and other biological databases. The ontology is freely available at http://obo.sourceforge.net/ and can be viewed using standard ontology visualization tools such as OBO-Edit and COBrA.
Urethral Stricture after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: B G Ferrie, B Sethia, D Kirk
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

An unusually high incidence of urethral stricture has been reported in men who have undergone cardiac surgery (Ruutu et al. 1982, Sutherland et al. 1983). Our experience with this condition in 1983 is reported.
Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae from 2000 to 2011 and serogroup distribution in Tunisia
Authors: Emna Mehiri, Asma Ghariani, Sana Bejaoui, Leila Essalah, Hinda Draoui, Leila Slim-Saidi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Worldwide spread of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major problem and has reached very high levels in certain countries.  In this study, we report, the level of resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae over a 12-year period and the serogroup9s distribution in Tunisia.  From January 2000 to december 2011, 1953 strains were collected, in Abderahman Mami Hospital of pneumology. This strains was isolated from respiratory specimen (90,5%) and blood, pus and cerebral spinal fluid (9,5%). In vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined by the agar dilution method according the CA-SFM guidelines. The MICs of penicillin G, amoxicillin and cefotaxim were studied by the E-test method (AB Biodisk). The strains were serogrouped by latex agglutination using pneumotest-latex kits (Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen Denmark).  The rate of penicillin G non susceptible pneumococci (PNSP) was 40,4% including 8,2% of high resistance level. The strains showed reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin and cefotaxim in 17,4% and 12,7% of cases respectively. An increase of resistance is showed from 2000 to 2011 to B-lactamin. In addition, high levels of resistance to other antibiotics were noted. Thus 60,7%, 40,9% and 14,2% of strains were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol respectively.  The most common serogroups were 19, 6, 9, 14, 3 and 23 and were associated to penicillin G non susceptible pneumococci. Serogroup 1 was also found in severe pneumococcal infection.  In conclusion, the high rate of PNSP and the multidrug resistance of S.pneumoniae underlight the need of rational use of antibiotics.
Pemetrexed + carboplatin versus gemcitabine + carboplatin in the treatment of stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: B. H. Gronberg, R. Bremnes, U. Aasebø, P. Brunsvig, Ø. Fløtten, H. Hjelde, F. Wammer, F. Stornes, T. Tollåli, S. H. Sundstrøm
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7517 Background: A prospective, randomized, multicentre study was conducted to compare pemetrexed + carboplatin (PC) with a standard regimen, gemcitabine + carboplatin (GC). Methods: Chemonaive patients with verified non-small cell lung cancer, stage IIIB (ineligible for curative radiotherapy) or stage IV, WHO performance status (PS) 0–2, adequate hematology and creatinine-clearance &gt; 45 ml/min were eligible. All patients were supplemented with folic acid 0.4 mg OD and vitamin B12 1 mg IM every 9 weeks, from &gt;= 5 days before and through the treatment period. Patients were randomized to receive either pemetrexed 500 mg/m 2 + carboplatin AUC=5 (Calvert) day 1 or gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m 2 day 1 &amp; 8 + carboplatin AUC=5 (Calvert) day 1. Maximum 4 courses every 3 weeks were given. Primary endpoints: QoL defined as global health status, nausea/vomiting, dyspnea and fatigue - measured by the EORTC QLQ-C30 and LC13 before every cycle and 3 &amp; 11 weeks after the last cycle. Secondary endpoints: Overall survival (OS) and toxicity measured by the CTCAE v3.0. Stratification was done for age (−75 vs +75 years), stage (IIIB vs IV) and PS (0–1 vs 2). 190 evaluable patients in each arm were required to detect a 15% improvement on predefined QoL parameters with an a of 0.05 and β of 0.80. A 15% loss to follow up was expected. Results: 446 patients were included from Apr 05 - Jul 06. The two arms were well balanced with respect to age, sex, stage, PS and histological classification. 436 patients were eligible for the primary QoL-analyses. No statistical significant differences in mean score of the QoL-scales were observed between the arms. So far, 384 patients have been analysed for toxicity. Significantly more patients in the GC arm experienced grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia (48 vs 107, p&lt;0.001), leucopenia (44 vs 89, p&lt;0.001) and granulocytopenia (78 vs 98, p=0.02). No difference in the frequency of neutropenic fever was recorded. More patients in the GC arm received transfusion of platelets (5 vs 19, p=0.02). At present, 291 patients are deceased. We expect to present complete OS analyses for a minimum of 380 patients at the annual meeting. Conclusions: No differences were detected between the two arms with respect to the primary QoL outcome. Patients in the PC arm experienced less toxicity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A longitudinal study of anxiety and depression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
Authors: Katie Pink, Jack Boylan, Ben Hope-Gill
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background   Anxiety and depression are prevalent in IPF. The longitudinal relationships between anxiety and depression and disease severity, progression and symptom burden are unknown.   Aims   To identify if the prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression in IPF is associated with disease severity and progression. Also, to observe whether changes in cough and breathlessness symptom severity are associated with changes in mental health.   Methods   A retrospective review of patients with IPF attending the Cardiff clinic between 2010 and 2012. Data was collected from two outpatient visits 12 months apart and included demographics, lung function parameters (FVC and TLco), hospital anxiety and depression score, Denver ILD breathlessness score and Leicester cough questionnaire.   Results   37 patients were included (24 male, mean 12.1 months between appointments). The prevalence of depression increased from 24.3% at baseline to 43.6% at 12 months. The prevalence of anxiety fell from 40.5% to 35.1%. 12 patients (32%) had severe disease and 14 patients (38%) had progressive disease.  Patients with severe or progressive disease were more likely to have an increase in anxiety (severe p=0.018, progressive p=0.008) and depression scores (severe p=0.008, progressive p=0.035) compared with those with mild or stable disease.  An association was identified between worsening depression and increasing cough severity (p=0.008). Patients with worsening breathlessness had an increase in depression (p=0.012) and anxiety scores (p=0.034).   Conclusions   Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent in IPF and are associated with severe and progressive disease. Increasing symptom burden is associated with worsening mental health.
The Meaning of Race in Prostate Cancer Treatment
Authors: Otis W. Brawley
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Cigarette smoke-induced oxidative modification of creatine kinase B (CKB) is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD in terms of acceleration of bronchial epithelial cell senescence
Authors: Hiromichi Hara, Jun Araya, Naoki Takasaka, Jun Kojima, Yoko Yumino, Satoko Fujii, Takanori Numata, Makoto Kawaishi, Jun Hirano, Makoto Odaka, Toshiaki Morikawa, Katsutoshi Nakayama, Kazuyoshi Kuwano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Cigarette smoke accelerates cell senescence, implicated in COPD pathogenesis. Energy status is one of the most crucial determinants for aging and longevity. In COPD patients, muscle type CK (CKM), an essential enzyme in energy homeostasis, is oxidized and lost activities, leading to respiratory muscle dysfunction. In lung tissue, brain type CK (CKB) is the predominant isozyme of CK. Therefore, we hypothesized that CKB might also be oxidized and lost activities by smoking stress, resulting in disease pathogenesis of COPD in terms of acceleration of cell senescence.

Aims: To elucidate the role of CKB in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cellular senescence in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC).

Methods: Primary HBEC and Beas2B cells were used. Cellular senescence was evaluated by SA-β-gal staining and p21 expression and cell cycle analysis. CKB was inhibited by siRNA and cyclocreatine. Interleukin (IL)-8 secretions were measured by ELISA.

Results: CSE induced carbonylation of CKB and decreased CKB protein levels, and this decrease was reversed by the proteasome inhibitor. CSE induced cell senescence, and CKB inhibition further enhanced CSE-induced cell senescence. CSE treatment caused increased amounts of IL-8 secretion, a hallmark of senescent associated secretary phenotype (SASP). IL-8 secretion was further increased by CKB ablation.

Conclusions: CSE induces carbonylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation of CKB, and decrease of CKB is implicated in the regulation of cell senescence with SASP.
THE HERITAGE OF CONNECTICUT MEDICINE
Authors: Geo. H. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serum albumin and probability of pleural effusion in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Tetyana Pertseva, Valeriia Dmytrychenko, Kateryna Bogatska
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective.  To determine the influence of the serum albumin (A) level on probability of pleural effusion in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).   Materials and methods.  125 patients with CAP made study sample. Phisical examination and chest X-ray data, serum A and body mass index (BMI), were evaluated in all patients.   Results.  In accordance with serum A level all patients. Were divided patients on two groups. Group I – 95 patients with normal level serum A. Group II – 30 patients with low serum level A. In Group I only 3 (3.2 %) patients had pleural effusion. At same time in Group II 9 (30.0 %) patients had pleural effusion (p 2 , in Group 2 – 24.4 ±1.7 kg/m 2  (p>0.05). We did not find any correlation between serum A and BMI either in Group I (r=-0.13; p=0.16), or in Group II (r =0.3; p = 0.39).   Conclusions. 1. The low level of serum A during hospitalization may be regarded as a negative factor that increases the incidence of pleural effusion.  2. Serum A did not correlations with BMI in patients with CAP.
The influence of high doses of N-acetylcysteine alone or in combination with inhaled corticosteroids on quality of life in patients with COPD
Authors: Valentina Kapustina, Svetlana Ovcharenko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of 6-month oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment 1200 mg/day alone or in combination with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on health-related quality of life (QOL) in outpatients with COPD.

Methods: A total of 62 patients with stable COPD (36 males, mean age 66.8 years, GOLD stage I-IV) were included and divided into two treatment groups. Group 1 received bronchodilators and NAC. Group 2 received NAC and ICS in addition to bronchodilators. Clinical examination, pulmonary function tests and QOL were measured at baseline and repeated after 6 months of treatment with the Short Form 36 Questionnaire (SF-36) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).

Results: SGRQ symptoms, total score and SF-36 social function score at baseline were higher in group 2 (p<0.05). SGRQ symptoms, impact, activity and total scores recorded significant improvements (p<0.0001) after NAC treatment with greater changes in group 2. All improvements recorded by SGRQ scores were higher than the 4 units' threshold for the minimum clinically important difference for both groups. The SF-36 scores indicated significant improvement in QOL in both groups, especially in physical functioning, role-physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, role-emotional and mental health domains scores. Reduction of respiratory symptoms was registered even after 1 month of NAC treatment. Nevertheless lung function parameters did not change over 6 months.

Conclusion: Long-term treatment of stable COPD patients with NAC 1200 mg/day improves QOL measured both SF-36 and SGRQ with greater changes in combination of NAC with ICS.
Abstract 14843: Frequency of Angina After Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Anna Grodzinsky, Suzanne V Arnold, Kensey Gosch, John A Spertus, Susmita Parashar, Thomas M Maddox, Mikhail Kosiborod
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background:  Patients who present with a myocardial infarction (MI) and have nonobstructive CAD (nonobs-CAD) are at increased risk for recurrent ischemic events. As these patients do not have major flow-limiting coronary stenoses, the frequency of angina after MI among patients with nonobs-CAD may differ from patients with obs-CAD.   Methods:  Among MI patients who underwent angiography, we assessed angina during hospitalization and 1, 6, and 12M post-MI using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire; angina frequency was categorized as none vs any (score=100 vs    Results:  Among 5322 MI patients from 31 US hospitals (mean age 59, 68% male), 7.2% had nonobs-CAD. Patients with nonobs-CAD (vs obs-CAD) were more likely female (57% vs 30%), non-white (51% vs 23%), presented with NSTEMI (87% vs 50%), and had lower peak troponin (median 2.4 ng/mL vs 7.8). Patients with nonobs-CAD had less angina prior to MI but more angina at follow-up (Figure). They also had worse disease-specific and generic quality of life (SF12) (p   Conclusions:  Following MI, patients with nonobs-CAD experience a burden of angina that is at least as high as those with obs-CAD, with 1 in 4 patients reporting angina at 12M. As these patients are not candidates for revascularization, non-invasive strategies to reduce angina burden could have a significant impact on their health status and quality of life.
Increased CTLA-4+ T cells and an increased ratio of monocytes with loss of class II (CD14+ HLA-DRlo/neg) found in aggressive pediatric sarcoma patients
Authors: Pooja Hingorani, Mary L. Maas, Michael P. Gustafson, Paul Dickman, Roberta H. Adams, Masayo Watanabe, Francis Eshun, James Williams, Matthew J. Seidel, Allan B. Dietz
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> There is little information regarding the composition of peripheral blood immunity in sarcoma patients and even less in the context of pediatric sarcomas. We describe the immune status using flow cytometry of peripheral blood in patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma and demonstrate excessive CD14 in tumor tissues. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral blood from patients with OS and ES was collected at diagnosis or relapse, and used for immune phenotyping of 74 different leukocyte phenotypes. Blood from young adult healthy volunteers was collected as controls. Tumor tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. <h3>Results</h3> Nineteen patients (average age = 14 y) and 16 controls (average age = 25y) were enrolled on study. Of the 74 phenotypes, 14 were different between sarcoma patients and HV. Sarcoma patients’ leukocytes contained a higher percentage of granulocytes (67&nbsp;% sarcoma vs. 58&nbsp;%&nbsp;HV; <i>p</i> = 0.003) and fewer lymphocytes (20&nbsp;% sarcoma vs. 27&nbsp;%&nbsp;HV; <i>p</i> = 0.001). Increased expression of CTLA-4 was seen in both T cells in sarcoma patients as compared to HV (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Increased CD14<sup>+</sup> HLA-DR<sup>lo/neg</sup> immunosuppressive monocytes were seen in sarcoma patients (<i>p</i> = 0.03); primarily seen in OS. Increased tumor necrosis factor receptor II expression was seen on CD14<sup>+</sup> cells derived from sarcoma patients as compared to HV (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Massive infiltration of CD14<sup>+</sup> cells was seen in OS (&gt;50&nbsp;% of cells in the majority of tumors) compared to ES (&lt;10-25&nbsp;% of cells). In contrast, both OS and ES had limited T cell infiltration (generally &lt;10&nbsp;% of cells). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Pediatric sarcoma patients exhibit several immune phenotypic differences that were exacerbated in more severe disease. These phenotypes have the potential to contribute to immune suppression and may indicate potential targets for immune therapies.
Articles point to the creation of a cartel
Authors: Peter J Mahaffey
Journal: BMJ (2008)

It seems that Bascom, an enthusiast for the distinctly unproven hair follicle theory, has been “suckered” into believing that the midline wound in pilonidal sinus surgery is the cause of the problem.1 McCallum et al’s analysis of a rag bag of papers includes, disgracefully, some that reached their conclusions on the …