tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mast cell tryptase regulates rat colonic myocytes through proteinase-activated receptor 2.
Authors: C U Corvera, O Déry, K McConalogue, S K Böhm, L M Khitin, G H Caughey, D G Payan, N W Bunnett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is cleaved and activated by trypsin-like enzymes. PAR-2 is highly expressed by small intestinal enterocytes where it is activated by luminal trypsin. The location, mechanism of activation, and biological functions of PAR-2 in the colon, however, are unknown. We localized PAR-2 to the muscularis externa of the rat colon by immunofluorescence. Myocytes in primary culture also expressed PAR-2, assessed by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. Trypsin, SLIGRL-NH2 (corresponding to the PAR-2 tethered ligand), mast cell tryptase, and a filtrate of degranulated mast cells stimulated a prompt increase in [Ca2+]i in myocytes. The response to tryptase and the mast cell filtrate was inhibited by the tryptase inhibitor BABIM, and abolished by desensitization of PAR-2 with trypsin. PAR-2 activation inhibited the amplitude of rhythmic contractions of strips of rat colon. This response was unaffected by indomethacin, l-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist and tetrodotoxin. Thus, PAR-2 is highly expressed by colonic myocytes where it may be cleaved and activated by mast cell tryptase. This may contribute to motility disturbances of the colon during conditions associated with mast cell degranulation.
537 TENOFOVIR DF FOR CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS IN FIELD PRACTICE - RESULTS FROM THE GEMINIS GERMAN MULTICENTER OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: J. Petersen, R. Heyne, S. Mauss, J. Schlaak, W. Schiffelholz, C. Eisenbach, H. Hartmann, M. Wiese, S. Ruppert, T. Warger, D. Hüppe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Medical Care for Adults With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Allen C. Crocker
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Adults with significant mental retardation and other developmental disabilities, living in the community, have now emerged as a special group deserving particular attention regarding the provision of appropriate short- and long-term medical care.<sup>1</sup>Long-overdue improvements have taken place in the life circumstances of these individuals, so that the majority of adults with retardation, including those with severe disabilities, now live either with their families, in small group residences in the cities and towns, or in supported apartments. A number of factors exist that make the delivery of health care for such adults more challenging for community physicians. These may include the presence of complex clinical presentations, such as birth defects or syndromes that are often unfamiliar to internists and other physicians for adults; frequent, serious functional nervous system handicaps; and occasional atypical behavioral responses. Further, history taking and access to earlier records may be difficult, extra time is required
Audit improves neonatal (Guthrie) screening programme
Authors: A Galloway, J Stevenson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - We conducted an audit of the neonatal screening programme for phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism in the Northern region in 1993. Like Allison Streetly and colleagues, who looked at screening in south London,1 we found that arrangements for monitoring the existing screening programmes were inadequate, though we do not have …
Acute-Onset Reticulated White Lip
Authors: Jeffery B. Shackelton, Joseph C. English
Journal: JAMA (2011)

A62-YEAR OLD WOMAN RETURNS TO YOUR OFFICE WITH A DIFFUSE, PRURITIC rash on her lips, palms, and upper back 2 weeks after starting lisinopril. Her medical history is significant only for hypertension. She has not had any dental restorative work, has never used intravenous drugs or had a blood transfusion, and has no known history of hepatitis C. On physical examination there are fine, white, intertwined, lacy reticulations on her lower lip, extending onto her buccal mucosa (FIGURE 1). Violaceous flat-topped papules and plaques are also apparent on her palms and upper back. What Would You Do Next?
Physical Activity and Public Health-Reply
Authors: Russell R. Pate
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —These letters raise important issues pertinent to the previously published recommendation on physical activity and public health. Dr Mauer correctly notes that from a biological standpoint, physical activity performed in the occupational setting is expected to be as beneficial as that performed during leisure time. 1,2 Because the trend toward decreasing occupational physical activity is profound and seems unlikely to reverse, the panelists chose to emphasize strategies for promotion of leisure-time physical activity. Increasing the physical activity level of our society will require an array of social and physical environmental changes that collectively have the effect of making physical activity more attractive and accessible. While occupational physical activity is beneficial, we suspect that future increases in physical activity will occur primarily during leisure time.  Mr Pugh and colleagues appropriately point out that higher levels of physical activity are associated with higher rates of musculoskeletal injury. 3,4 Our panelists
Response of Congestive Heart Failure to Correction of Hyperglycemia in the Presence of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Lloyd Axelrod
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

RAPID movement of glucose across the cell membrane obligates the movement of a sufficient amount of water to maintain osmotic equilibrium. Clinically, the rapid movement of glucose from the extracellular-fluid compartment to the intracellular-fluid compartment in response to insulin therapy in hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma is accompanied by an appropriate movement of water in the same direction.1 2 3 In such patients, who are already dehydrated, this fluid shift may precipitate a fall in blood pressure or even shock. Theoretically, the movement of fluid in the opposite direction, from the intracellular-fluid space to the extracellular-fluid space, in response to a sudden increase . . .
SUMMARY OF PATHOLOGIC AND BACTERIOLOGIC WORK DONE AT ISOLATION HOSPITAL, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.
Authors: O. L. POTHIER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In presenting this paper I will limit its scope to the pathologic conditions found, and to the bacteriologic work done with the cultures obtained from the cases of yellow fever at the Isolation Hospital, principally to corroborate the claims of Sanarelli. The pathology comprises the examination of urine and the blood, the autopsies and the bacteriologic research of Sanarelli's bacillus icteroides. There were 348 specimens of urine and 154 of blood examined, and 51 autopsies were held. The 154 specimens of blood represent as many patients from whom blood was taken and examined. The examinations of urine were made as they generally are in the pathologic department of the Charity Hospital, only they were made oftener as a guide in the treatment of the cases. Albumin was found in all the cases of yellow fever during the course of the disease. It usually appeared before the fifth day, seldom after.
Domestic violence against women
Authors: M. T. Donohoe
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Abbott and colleagues<sup>1</sup>report that while the lifetime prevalence of domestic violence among women visiting an emergency department is quite high, 54%, the incidence of acute domestic violence, 11.7%, is significantly lower than was found in previous studies. However, the authors' methods of eliciting information on domestic violence may have led to an underestimate of both values. The authors excluded women younger than 18 years; yet rape victimization is highest in 16- through 19-year-olds.<sup>2</sup>Pregnant patients also were excluded; yet the rate of physical abuse, 37% across class, race, and educational lines, is higher during pregnancy.<sup>2</sup>Marital rape and acquaintance rape also were not included in the definition of acute domestic violence. These acts include sex resulting in whole or part from coercion, verbal or physical threats, undesired noncompliance with contraception, or force, and also include both physically nonviolent and physically violent sex.
Are Premorbid Personality Traits Linked to the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease?
Authors: M. Balestrieri, B. Nacmias, S. Sorbi, G. Marcon
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The identification of the premorbid manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) usually is carried out retrospectively by eliciting information from caregivers. However, the study of subjects with familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) not yet affected by AD allows the direct identification of premorbid characteristics of the disease. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; This is a psychometric assessment of 3 mutated and 5 control subjects, belonging to an Italian family associated with a missense mutation linked to the presenilin 2 gene. The assessment included an evaluation of personality traits, cognitive and affective condition, social disabilities, experiential and familial context. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; According to the MMPI, the mutated subjects did not show consistent personality traits. Also other questionnaires (HADS, WAIS, BDQ) were negative for definite cognitive or behavioural patterns. ApoE genotypes did not differentiate mutated from control subjects. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Our results may be considered important for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of AD. The heuristic and practical importance of longitudinal prospective studies is emphasised.
EVOLUTION IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE RECTUM.
Authors: C.H. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Certain definite results are desired in operations on cancer of the rectum, namely, permanent cure, low operative mortality and a controllable anus, or its best substitute. These results are modified by location, stage of progress and the age and condition of the patient. The gradual evolution which has led up to the treatment in vogue to-day makes an interesting study. Previous to 1870, operative treatment on cancer of the rectum was but limited in extent, and only performed by the great surgeons of that time; in fact, it was almost limited to nothing, palliation, and lumbar colostomy. Yet the results of these methods compared most favorably with radical operations. At present a diminishing number of patients present themselves at such a late period that they fall within the limits of this type of surgery. Inguinal colostomy has replaced the lumbar. During the next ten years to 1880 there was
Increased food diversity in the first year of life is inversely associated with allergic diseases
Authors: Caroline Roduit, Remo Frei, Martin Depner, Bianca Schaub, Georg Loss, Jon Genuneit, Petra Pfefferle, Anne Hyvärinen, Anne M. Karvonen, Josef Riedler, Jean-Charles Dalphin, Juha Pekkanen, Erika von Mutius, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Roger Lauener
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Comparison of lung sounds and gas trapping in the study of airway mechanics.
Authors: D G Frazer, L D Smith, L R Brancazio, K C Weber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

We have previously shown that gas is trapped in isolated animal lungs and have proposed that this gas-trapping process is related to meniscus formation in the small airways of the lung. The purpose of this investigation was to compare how the lung sound-generation process and the gas-trapping process are related to airway mechanics and each other. Rats were anesthetized, the heart and lungs were removed en bloc and placed in a liquid-filled plethysmograph. Lung sounds were recorded by using a microphone acoustically coupled to the tracheal cannula. The results show that discontinuous lung sounds in the form of crackles occur during lung inflation at the same time gas trapping takes place.
A Call to Increase Physical Activity Among Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Monique Hedderson, Assiamira Ferrara
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Medical Education in Indonesia
Authors: GEORGE T. HARRELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Abroad1 January 1979Medical Education in IndonesiaGEORGE T. HARRELL, M.D.GEORGE T. HARRELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-1-121 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIndonesia is an archipelago of more than 3000 islands stretching between Asia and Australia over a distance greater than from New York to Los Angeles. It lies across the Equator; the lowlands are hot and humid, but the mountains are cool and pleasant. Indonesia's population of 130 million makes it the world's fifth largest nation; it is expected to reach 240 million by 2000. More than 75 million people live on Java, where the capital, Jakarta, has more than six million. Half of the people live in villages, and more than 200 dialects are spoken. The cultures range from stone... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GEORGE T. HARRELL, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1979Volume 90, Issue 1Page: 121-122KeywordsMedical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Delayed communication between hospitals and general practitioners
Authors: H. C Miller
Journal: BMJ (1988)

the control of communicable disease.A recent example is the largest recorded food related out- break of paratyphoid, which occurred in Birming- ham early this year and was successfully dealt with under the present control of infection arrangements.Another example is the outbreak Qf legionnaires' disease in London which Dr Cunningham and her colleagues had to deal witlY.One shudders to think what would have happened if the government had accepted the Acheson recommendations when the report was published.
Is Weight Fluctuation a Risk Factor?
Authors: Claude Bouchard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Being overweight has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and Canada. In adults it is defined as having a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 26 or more. According to this criterion, approximately 39 percent of men and 36 percent of women have an excessive body mass for their stature.1 , 2 The public has been advised by health professionals and public health authorities to lose weight and maintain a healthy weight, often defined as a body-mass index of about 20 to 25. The media also exert pressure to lose weight . . .
Multimodal Primary Cancer Treatment (Adjuvant Chemotherapy): Current Results and Future Prospects
Authors: RAYMOND B. WEISS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

In the 1970s chemotherapy has been successfully incorporated into curative primary treatment programs for various adult malignancies so that it is no longer solely palliative treatment for advanced disease. For at least three malignancies and tentatively a fourth (breast and colon carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and melanoma), certain groups of patients have had longer disease-free survival produced by the use of chemotherapy after surgical removal of the primary lesion. The potential impact on cancer mortality from these treatment results is obvious. We review here the fundamental laboratory concepts that have led to human trial of multimodal primary therapy regimens. Data from numerous clinical trials are analyzed, with delineation of the problems encountered in the interpretation of their results.
Involvement of N-6 Adenine-Specific DNA Methyltransferase 1 ( <i>N6AMT1</i> ) in Arsenic Biomethylation and Its Role in Arsenic-Induced Toxicity
Authors: Xuefeng Ren, Maria Aleshin, William J. Jo, Russel Dills, David A. Kalman, Christopher D. Vulpe, Martyn T. Smith, Luoping Zhang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

In humans, inorganic arsenic (iAs) is metabolized to methylated arsenical species in a multistep process mainly mediated by arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT). Among these metabolites is monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII), the most toxic arsenic species. A recent study in As3mt-knockout mice suggests that unidentified methyltransferases could be involved in alternative iAs methylation pathways. We found that yeast deletion mutants lacking MTQ2 were highly resistant to iAs exposure. The human ortholog of the yeast MTQ2 is N-6 adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase 1 (N6AMT1), encoding a putative methyltransferase.We investigated the potential role of N6AMT1 in arsenic-induced toxicity.We measured and compared the cytotoxicity induced by arsenicals and their metabolic profiles using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in UROtsa human urothelial cells with enhanced N6AMT1 expression and UROtsa vector control cells treated with different concentrations of either iAsIII or MMAIII.N6AMT1 was able to convert MMAIII to the less toxic dimethylarsonic acid (DMA) when overexpressed in UROtsa cells. The enhanced expression of N6AMT1 in UROtsa cells decreased cytotoxicity of both iAsIII and MMAIII. Moreover, N6AMT1 is expressed in many human tissues at variable levels, although at levels lower than those of AS3MT, supporting a potential participation in arsenic metabolism in vivo.Considering that MMAIII is the most toxic arsenical, our data suggest that N6AMT1 has a significant role in determining susceptibility to arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity because of its specific activity in methylating MMAIII to DMA and other unknown mechanisms.
Why Is Off-Pump Coronary Surgery Uncommon in Canada? Results of a Population-Based Survey of Canadian Heart Surgeons
Authors: Nimesh D. Desai, Marc P. Pelletier, Hari R. Mallidi, George T. Christakis, Gideon N. Cohen, Stephen E. Fremes, Bernard S. Goldman
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) is proposed to improve clinical outcomes and decrease resource use. However, off-pump surgery is not widely used in Canada. The purpose of this study was to determine the current use of OPCAB in Canada and determine why surgeons have not adopted this technique.The study was a population-based survey of all adult Canadian cardiac surgeons in practice >1 year. Eligible division heads and surgeons were contacted by mail. Of 19 806 isolated coronary bypass surgeries performed by respondents in Canada last year, 3164 (16.0%) were performed off-pump. More than 50% of Canadian surgeons performed OPCAB in <5% of coronary cases, and only 17% of surgeons performed OPCAB in >25% of coronary cases. Only 4 responding centers performed OPCAB in >25% of cases. Respondents were divided into those who performed <5% of cases off-pump (nonadopters), 5% to 25% off-pump (intermediate users), or >25% off-pump (enthusiasts). Mean number of distal anastomoses in off-pump cases were 1.7+/-0.6, 1.6+/-0.6, and 3.3+/-0.5 for nonadopters, intermediate users, and enthusiasts, respectively (P=0.001). Eleven percent of nonadopters, 55% of intermediate users, and 81% of enthusiasts believed OPCAB improved clinical outcomes (P<0.0001). Only 23% of all respondents felt OPCAB use would increase in the next 5 years.Concerns regarding incomplete revascularization and lack of proven clinical benefit have limited OPCAB to being performed routinely by only a small number of surgeons in Canada.
"Wet-Suit" Appearance of Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy on Gallium Scan
Authors: FRANCES S. NORRIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A 38-year-old male had a gallium scan which reflected increased tracer in the thigh muscles, skin, and lymph nodes. Pertinent laboratory findings included positive rheumatoid factor, positive Coombs' test, polyclonalgammopathy, and lymph node biopsy diagnosed as angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL). Clinical history included fever, chills, rash in the distribution of gallium uptake, myalgias in the distribution of gallium uptake, and widespread adenopathy. This case report demonstrates skin involvement in AIL giving a “wetsuit” appearance, and muscle involvement, in addition to lymph node involvement.