tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Legal safeguards for the audit process
Authors: N. W Beresford, T. W Evans
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Clinicians are under siege from patients and politicians alleging limitations in professional self regulation. In Britain the General Medical Council's attempts to retrieve the situation are criticised by some as belated, or even unjust,1 and the emergence of clinical governance in the NHS is regarded by some as an arbitrary system for imposing uniform standards and monitoring compliance. Are such misgivings reasonable? Clinical governance should promote high quality care by making individuals accountable for setting, maintaining, and monitoring standards, to produce a hitherto elusive culture of clinical excellence.2 Systems of clinical risk management and audit should contribute to this process by facilitating greater self evaluation, open debate about clinical practice, and the routine investigation of adverse events. For clinicians to learn and improve, conclusions reached during these processes need to be documented Clinicians also need to feel safe with the process and that it will not be used against them.

In practice these worthy objectives are undermined by two legal concerns relating …
A memorable patient: Looking at the evidence
Authors: P. Blenkiron
Journal: BMJ (2000)

ConclusionThe introduction of interferon beta and glatiramer acetate as drugs effective in modifying the course of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis has had two benefits.Firstly, it has improved the treatment of multiple sclerosis, and, secondly, it has provided tools to unravel further the mechanisms of the disease and thereby justifies hope for further progress in the near future.
Abstract MP79: Pre-Admission History of Depression and Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher, Darleen Lessard, Joel Gore, Robert Goldberg
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Whether a diagnosis of depression after developing an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is linked to a worse prognosis remains a matter of debate after several RCTs of interventions to treat post-AMI depression have yielded negative results. A possible explanation is that depressive symptoms after AMI may be part of the normal adjustment to an adverse life event. A pre-admission history of depression could better identify patients who may derive the most benefit from depression treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a pre-admission history of depression was associated with a worse post-discharge prognosis among patients with AMI. Methods: This was a secondary analysis conducted among patients included (biennial basis between 1999-2009) in the Worcester Heart Attack Study, an ongoing epidemiologic study examining long-term trends in the clinical outcomes of AMI among residents of the Worcester, MA metropolitan area. The exposure was defined as a physician-recorded diagnosis of depression preceding the index hospitalization for AMI based on the review of hospital medical records (MR). The outcome was all-cause death rates in-hospital and 1-year post discharge. Information regarding demographics, medical history, in-hospital treatment, and discharge status was abstracted from the MR by trained study physicians and nurses. Survival status after discharge was obtained from the MR and from death certificates. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess associations between depression and the outcome. Results: This analysis included 5,068 patients (mean age 70 years, 44% women). Approximately 16% of patients had a history of depression pre-admission. No significant differences were found between patients with and without a history of depression with regard to in-hospital mortality (11.5% vs. 9.9%; unadjusted OR=1.18; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.48). At 1 year after discharge all-cause mortality was significantly higher among patients with a pre-admission history of depression (27.5% vs. 18.2%; unadjusted OR=1.71; 95% CI: 1.44, 2.02). While the association between history of depression and in-hospital mortality was largely explained by confounding, the association with 1 year mortality remained significant even after adjustment for demographics, coronary risk factors, co-morbidities, clinical characteristics and medications at discharge (OR=1.57; CI: 1.24, 1.98). Conclusions: In this community-based cohort of patients hospitalized with AMI at different hospitals in central MA, a pre-admission history of depression was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality 1 year after MI. Documentation of a history of depression in the medical record could be a simple tool for cardiologists and primary care physicians to identify high-risk patients who may benefit from depression treatment.
Considerations of Long-term Pain Evaluation Post–Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
Authors: Xiao Deng, John Thomas, Eng-King Tan
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Neonatal colonization of mice with Lactobacillus plantarum producing the aeroallergen Bet v 1 biases towards Th1 and T-regulatory responses upon systemic sensitization
Authors: M. Schwarzer, A. Repa, C. Daniel, I. Schabussova, T. Hrncir, B. Pot, R. Stepankova, T. Hudcovic, A. Pollak, H. Tlaskalova-Hogenova, U. Wiedermann, H. Kozakova
Journal: Allergy (2010)

To cite this article: Schwarzer M, Repa A, Daniel C, Schabussova I, Hrncir T, Pot B, Stepankova R, Hudcovic T, Pollak A, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Wiedermann U, Kozakova H. Neonatal colonization of mice with Lactobacillus plantarum producing the aeroallergen Bet v 1 biases towards Th1 and T-regulatory responses upon systemic sensitization. Allergy 2011; 66: 368–375. Abstract Background: The use of recombinant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as vehicles for mucosal delivery of recombinant allergens is an attractive concept for antigen-defined allergy prevention/treatment. Interventions with LAB are of increasing interest early in life when immune programming is initiated. Here, we investigated the effect of neonatal colonization with a recombinant LAB producing the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 in a murine model of type I allergy. Methods: We constructed a recombinant Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum NCIMB8826 strain constitutively producing Bet v 1 to be used for natural mother-to-offspring mono-colonization of germ-free BALB/c mice. Allergen-specific immunomodulatory effects of the colonization on humoral and cellular immune responses were investigated prior and after sensitization to Bet v 1. Results: Mono-colonization with the Bet v 1 producing L. plantarum induced a Th1-biased immune response at the cellular level, evident in IFN-γ production of splenocytes upon stimulation with Bet v 1. After sensitization with Bet v 1 these mice displayed suppressed IL-4 and IL-5 production in spleen and mesenteric lymph node cell cultures as well as decreased allergen-specific antibody responses (IgG1, IgG2a, and IgE) in sera. This suppression was associated with a significant up-regulation of the regulatory marker Foxp3 at the mRNA level in the spleen cells. Conclusion: Intervention at birth with a live recombinant L. plantarum producing a clinically relevant allergen reduces experimental allergy and might therefore become an effective strategy for early intervention against the onset of allergic diseases.
Abstract 3871: Tie-2 regulates stemness and metastasis of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Kai Dun Tang, Ming-Tat Ling
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed male cancer in Western countries. Currently, the major treatment challenge for prostate cancer patients is the development of tumor metastasis. Ample evidence supports the idea that tumor metastasis originates from a rare population of cancer cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) [1]. Unfortunately, little is known about the identity of these cells, making it difficult to target prostate tumor metastasis. Here we reported the identification of a rare population of prostate cancer cells which express the Tie-2 protein, a tyrosine kinase receptor required for the bone marrow homing and colonization of hematopoietic stem cells. Notably, this Tie-2 positive population exists exclusively in highly metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. Methods:To study the role of Tie-2 in prostate tumor metastasis, we have performed fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate the Tie-2+ population from a prostate cancer cell line (PC-3). We then performed cDNA microarray analysis to characterize the gene expression profile of these cells. Furthermore, we have performed cell adhesion assay to examine the ability of the Tie-2+ cells in adhering to osteoblasts and endothelial cells. Besides that, we have also performed quiescent staining and drug sensitivity assay to examine whether Tie-2+ cells are more quiescent, and thus become resistant to chemotherapeutic drug. Finally, we have injected both Tie-2+ and Tie-2- PC-3 cells intracardiacly into the NOD-SCID mice to determine if Tie-2 expression promote prostate tumor metastasis under in vivo condition. Results: Data from our study revealed that Tie-2+ cells express higher level of prostate CSC markers when compared to the Tie-2- population. Meanwhile, Tie-2+ cells are highly adhesive to both osteoblasts and endothelial cells, a characteristic necessary for tumor metastasis. We also found that Tie-2+ cells are more quiescent and resistant to the chemotherapeutic drug cabazitaxel, further support that these cells possess CSC-like characteristics. More importantly, we found that Tie-2+ cells, but not the Tie-2- cells population, developed metastatic tumor in vivo. Conclusions: Our data suggested that Tie-2 plays an importantly role in the development of drug resistance and prostate tumor metastasis. Thus, Tie-2 might be a novel therapeutic target for treatment of advanced prostate cancer patients. References:[1] J.E. Visvader, G.J. Lindeman, Cancer stem cells in solid tumours: accumulating evidence and unresolved questions, Nature reviews. Cancer, 8 (2008) 755-768. Citation Format: Kai Dun Tang, Ming-Tat Ling. Tie-2 regulates stemness and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3871. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3871
Management of Cases of Abortion
Authors: W. S. E. Perera
Journal: BMJ (1961)

This review is based on the work of the abortion unit at Walton Hospital, Liverpool, during the years 1958 and 1959, and the results achieved with a particular type of treatment in cases of abortion admitted to it.Cases of abortion are usually admitted to a gynaecological ward, a system which is very inconvenient when large numbers are admitted annually.Among its disadvantages is the blocking of a variable number of beds, making the arrangements of clinic admissions difficult, and there is also the frequent use of an operating theatre at inconvenient times.In January, 1950, at this hospital, a separate ward block with 40 beds was made available as an abortion unit.It is arranged in three floors, with an operating theatre on the first floor.Patients admitted with a diagnosis of abortion are taken to the abortion unit unless they require resuscitation in the admission room.
A CASE OF CORONARY THROMBOSIS WITH MYOCARDIAL. INFARCTION IN A NINETEEN YEAR OLD WHITE MALE
Authors: G A RICHARDS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1946)

Case Reports1 May 1946A CASE OF CORONARY THROMBOSIS WITH MYOCARDIAL. INFARCTION IN A NINETEEN YEAR OLD WHITE MALEGUY A. RICHARDS, M.D.GUY A. RICHARDS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-24-5-908 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCoronary artery disease exists in young people. Glendy, Levine, and White1 have reported a series, the youngest patient being 20 years old. Recently French and Dock2 reported a group of men 20 to 36 years of age all of whom had proved coronary thrombosis with myocardial infarction.A case of coronary thrombosis in a 19 year old youth is reported.CASE REPORTA patient aged 19 years was admitted to Emergency Hospital January 10, 1945, complaining of severe constant pain radiating across the abdomen just above the umbilicus.Eighteen hours prior to admission the patient awoke with abdominal pain described...Bibliography1. GLENDYLEVINEWHITE RESAPD: Coronary disease in youth, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1937, cix, 1775. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. FRENCHDOCK AJW: Fatal coronary arteriosclerosis in young soldiers, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1944, cxxiv, 1233. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D. C.*Received for publication April 6, 1945. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1946Volume 24, Issue 5Page: 908-911KeywordsAbdominal painAdolescentsInfarctionMyocardial infarctionPainStable coronary artery diseaseThrombosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1946 PDF downloadLoading ...
Problematic Internet use: an overview
Authors: ELIAS ABOUJAOUDE
Journal: World Psychiatry (2010)

There is wide agreement that the Internet can serve as a tool that enhances well-being. It is more difficult, however, to find consensus around the issue of problematic Internet use. That may be in part because scientific investigation has lagged far behind technological advances and media attention. The diagnostic schemas that have been proposed since 1996, and the screening tools that have been developed, stress similarities with substance use, impulse control disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Prevalence figures vary as a function of the diagnostic definition used, the age group studied, and whether the surveys were conducted online. Studies suggest high comorbidity rates with mood disorders and, among younger individuals, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Treatment should address any comorbid conditions present, as those may be causing, or exacerbating, problematic Internet use. Interventions that may specifically target problematic Internet use include cognitive behavioral therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, but detailed guidelines must await further studies. For a medium that has so radically changed how we conduct our lives, the Internet's effects on our psychology remain understudied. More research is needed into the pathophysiology, epidemiology, natural course, and treatment of problematic Internet use. In addition, the more subtle psychological changes, such as disinhibition, that seem to characterize people's online behavior also deserve attention, even if they cannot be seen as necessarily pathological.
“Retinal imaging” aberrometry 1 1The following two letters address an article that appeared in the April 2001 issue of the Journal:Krueger RR, Mrochen M, Kaemmerer M, Seiler T. Understanding refraction and accommodation through “retinal imaging” aberrometry. (Ophthalmology 2001;108:674–8).
Authors: Larry L Lothringer
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)
Internet addiction: ongoing research in Asia
Authors: CHENG-FANG YEN, JU-YU YEN, CHIH-HUNG KO
Journal: World Psychiatry (2010)

Internet addiction has been found to be more prevalent in some Asian countries than in the United States 1. Differences in sociocultural background might partly account for this difference. Among various Internet activities, online gaming is the most developed in many Asian countries. Commercial promotion for online gaming focuses on the adolescent population. Adolescents in high schools of Asian countries usually face a strong academic competition. Internet provides a virtual world in which they can temporarily forget the stress of academic performance. However, heavy Internet use may result in problems in academic performance and social interaction. Whether Internet problematic use is an addictive or an impulse control disorder has not been ascertained and needs further study. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study found that a cue-induced online gaming urge among individuals with Internet gaming abuse activated brain areas similar to those involved in craving in people with drug addiction 2. Comorbidity is another important issue mentioned in Aboujaoude's review. In cross-sectional questionnaire and interviewing studies in adolescents and college students in Taiwan 3,4,5,6,7, we found a high comorbidity of Internet addiction with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social anxiety and substance use disorders. There are several possible mechanisms explaining this association. A comorbid mental disorder may result in, contribute to, or exacerbate the symptoms of Internet addiction. Internet addiction may lead to, contribute to, or exacerbate the symptoms of various mental disorders. There may be underlying biological, psychological, and sociological mechanisms shared by Internet addiction and various mental disorders. Factors related to sampling, assessment, investigation, study design, and data analysis may result in an inappropriate overestimation of the comorbidity 8,9. These mechanisms cannot be explored by a cross-sectional study design. A recent two-year prospective study found that depression, ADHD, and social phobia predict the occurrence of Internet addiction 10. Some studies also found an association of Internet addiction with hostility 10 and aggressive behaviors 11 among adolescents. The effect of Internet addiction on the development of adolescents, especially aggressive or impulsive behaviors, is an important issue which must be evaluated in future. Some group therapies and inpatient treatment models have been introduced in some Asian countries. However, their impact in improving Internet addiction has not been scientifically examined.
Which is the variable of physical activity monitoring that better correlates with functional exercise capacity in COPD
Authors: Nidia Aparecida Hernandes, Thaís Sant'Anna, Karina Furlanetto, Vanessa Suziane Probst, Fabio Pitta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Time spent walking (WT) in daily life correlates moderately with 6-minute walking test (6MWT) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nevertheless, time spent in physical activities of at least moderate intensity (TPA>mod) has been indicated as a more appropriate variable to reflect the level of physical activity in daily life (PADL) since it includes the intensity in addition to the time spent in activity. However, it is unknown whether different variables concerning PADL correlate differently with the 6MWT. Aim: To identify which PADL variable better correlates with functional exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Methods: Ninety eight patients with COPD (62 male, 66±8 years, BMI: 26±6 Kg.m-2, FEV1: 40 [27-53]%pred) entering an exercise training program had their PADL level assessed by 2 activity monitors (Dynaport®, McRoberts and Sensewear®, BodyMedia) worn simultaneously during 2 weekdays, 12 hours/day since waking up. The analyzed variables were WT and TPA>mod (average of the 2 assessment days). Additionally, 6MWT and spirometry were performed. Results: WT was 62 [37-92]min/day, TPA>mod was 18 [5-43]min/day and patients walked 439 [390-510]m or 74 [66-84]%pred in the 6MWT. Correlation of 6MWT in absolute values was higher with WT (r=0.59) than with TPA>mod (r=0.47) (p≤0.0001 for both), whereas correlation of 6MWT in % of predicted values was equally weak with WT and TPA>mod (r=0.37 and 0.39, respectively). Conclusions: Although moderately, time spent walking in daily life correlates better with functional exercise capacity than the time spent in physical activities of at least moderate intensity.
Abstract 4478: Biopharmaceutic studies of novel nucleoside transporter inhibitor prodrugs that can protect against nucleoside drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity
Authors: Shan Sun, Hilaire C. Playa, Hemantkumar S. Deokar, Wenwei Lin, John K. Buolamwini
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Nucleoside analog antimetabolites are used as chemotherapy agents to treat cancer by interfering with DNA biosynthesis and therefore cell division and the growth of tumors. However, nucleoside drugs, such as the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor antiviral agents and gemcitabine, a drug approved for use against various solid tumors, have been found to cause severe mitochondrial toxicities that can limit their use. Nucleoside analogs cause toxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) synthesis. Nucleoside drugs can be transported from cytoplasm into mitochondrial by mitochondrial membrane nucleoside transporters (NTs) where they form the active triphosphate analogs and incorporate into mtDNA and inhibit mtDNA polymerase, Pol γ. Currently, there is no proven general treatment or prevention strategy for nucleoside drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity. Thus, the development of innovative approaches to preempt or treat mitochondrial toxicity will be an important advance in the field of nucleoside drug therapy. In our research to overcome the mitochondrial toxicity, we developed a set of novel nucleoside transporter inhibitor (NTI) prodrugs that lack of NT inhibition but can release active drugs intracellularly to inhibit mitochondrial nucleoside uptake. In vitro biopharmaceutics studies of cell entry, in-cell hydrolysis profiles, and metabolic stability in human liver S9 faction and human plasma were carried out on a set of novel prodrugs that have shown protection against nucleoside drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity. Financial support by NIH grant RO1GM10405 is acknowledged. Citation Format: Shan Sun, Hilaire C. Playa, Hemantkumar S. Deokar, Wenwei Lin, John K. Buolamwini. Biopharmaceutic studies of novel nucleoside transporter inhibitor prodrugs that can protect against nucleoside drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4478. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4478