tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular disease in the old.
Authors: J Wedgwood
Journal: BMJ (1973)

of myocardial or valvular heart disease, precipitating factors are particularly important and need to be recognized before the condition can be adequately treated. Precipitating Factors CHEST INFECTIONChest infection is a particularly important factor to bear in mind.Signs of bronchopneumonia may be difficult to detect, and relatively slight infection is often sufficient to precipitate failure.The combination of chest infection and heart failure in which it is difficult to decide the relative contribution of pulmonary and cardiac factors is common. ATRIAL FIBRILLATIONAtrial fibrillation is common in the elderly, and may be par- oxysmal.When the ventricular rate is rapid it is a common cause of failure.A more serious arrthymia is atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia with atrioventricular block.This condition is difficult to detect clinically except by inspection of the venous pulse.When atrioventricular block is present with a 2 :1 ventricular response the ventricular rate may be relatively slow and regular.It is particularly likely to occur in a patient who is being treated with digitalis for atrial fibrillation.It is a serious complication of digitalis toxicity, easily missed, and liable to be fatal.
A selective Sema3A inhibitor enhances regenerative responses and functional recovery of the injured spinal cord
Authors: Shinjiro Kaneko, Akio Iwanami, Masaya Nakamura, Akiyoshi Kishino, Kaoru Kikuchi, Shinsuke Shibata, Hirotaka J Okano, Takeshi Ikegami, Ayako Moriya, Osamu Konishi, Chikao Nakayama, Kazuo Kumagai, Toru Kimura, Yasufumi Sato, Yoshio Goshima, Masahiko Taniguchi, Mamoru Ito, Zhigang He, Yoshiaki Toyama, Hideyuki Okano
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
THE VALUE OF THE PROTEIN SKIN TESTS IN INFANTILE ECZEMA
Authors: LEWIS WEBB HILL
Journal: JAMA (1934)

It is well known that infants and young children with eczema very frequently give positive skin tests to various proteins and that normal infants do not. What significance have these tests both in a theoretical discussion of the etiology of the disease and in the practical management of it? <h3>METHODS OF TESTING</h3> Three methods of testing have been employed: (1) the cutaneous, (2) the intracutaneous, and (3) the method of passive transfer, or Prausnitz-Küstner phenomenon. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. The cutaneous test has the advantage of simplicity, and it is not so likely to give false positives as the intracutaneous method. It has been adopted by most allergists for general clinical work. The intracutaneous method is more delicate, but it has the disadvantage of sometimes giving false positives, of occasionally causing general reactions in unusually sensitive subjects and, when a large number of tests with different proteins are
Abstract 2348: Low PU.1 expression not only attenuates neutrophil differentiation of AML cells but also increases resistance to cytotoxic therapies
Authors: Mario P. Tschan, Aladin Haimovici, Daniel Brigger, Anna M. Schläfli, Deborah Shan, Martin F. Fey
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Inactivation of PU.1 results in a myeloid differentiation block and contributes to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A long list of PU.1 transcriptional targets with a direct function in myeloid development exits and clearly supports its role in cellular hematopoietic differentiation processes. Furthermore, we and others showed that PU.1 positively affects cell survival, for example by directly activating the anti-apoptotic genes BCL2A1 and BCL-XL. Recently, we demonstrated that the novel PU.1 target Hexokinase 3 supports acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell survival. Surprisingly, our current data indicate that knocking down PU.1 in NB4 APL significantly increased resistance in apoptosis responses to anthracyclins. These findings were confirmed in MOLM-3 AML cells. Both cell lines showed an induction of the anti-apoptotic gene CFLAR (c-FLIP). c-FLIP blocks the activation of procaspase-8 at the death-inducing signalling complex (DISC) and is involved in AML chemotherapy resistance. Using PU.1 and c-FLIP double knockdown APL cells, we could significantly restore the sensitivity to anthracyclin treatment. This indicates that the PU.1 knockdown-dependent increase of c-FLIP is responsible for the resistance towards anthracyclin treatment. Moreover, we identified the pro-apoptotic kinase DAPK2 as novel transcriptional target of PU.1 in APL cells. Interestingly, we found that inhibiting DAPK2 in APL cells significantly attenuater arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced cell death. Together, we link PU.1 to apoptosis and resistance against antracyclins and ATO via regulating c-FLIP and DAPK2. Our data indicate that low PU.1 level found in AML patients not only contribute to a block in differentiation but also increase resistance to cytotoxic therapies in AML. Citation Format: Mario P. Tschan, Aladin Haimovici, Daniel Brigger, Anna M. Schläfli, Deborah Shan, Martin F. Fey. Low PU.1 expression not only attenuates neutrophil differentiation of AML cells but also increases resistance to cytotoxic therapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2348. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2348
Correct Use of Words.
Authors: Edmund Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Chicago, Nov. 4, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The former usage of the Latin word<i>sutura</i>, and its English derivative suture, always had three meanings: 1, a seam, or the line of union made by sewing parts together; 2, the seam-like lines of junction of the cranial bones; 3-in surgical use—the thread used to make the row of stitches composing a suture. According to the best authority the Latins did not apply the word<i>sutura</i>to a single stitch. For the latter they employed a phrase of two words signifying "a passage of the thread." There was also a rare word,<i>punctio</i>, for stitch, but it almost never appears in their literature. When our medical ancestors dropped the Latin and began to write their works in English, their dignity, or perhaps their pomposity led them to feel that the use of the word seam was too much like the low phraseology
Humoral and cellular immune responses to hepatitis B vaccination in hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier children who cleared serum- hepatitis B surface antigen
Authors: H Hsu, M Chang, R Hsieh, Y Ni, W Chi
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The immune responses to hepatitis B vaccine were studied in 11 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier children who had cleared HBsAg but failed to develop hepatitis B surface antigen antibodies (anti-HBs) in sera (group 1), 5 HBsAg carrier children who had cleared HBsAg and developed detectable anti-HBs in sera (group 2), and 5 healthy subjects seronegative for all hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers (group 3). After receiving three doses of HB vaccine, group 1 subjects failed to develop detectable anti-HBs. Subsequently, each subject of the three groups was given one dose of the same vaccine for a cellular immunity study, and a measurable proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to HBsAg was detected in 1 of 8 (12.5%), 0 of 5, and 4 of 5 (80%) of the cases in each group, respectively, after vaccination. The removal of CD8+ cells enhanced the HBsAg blastogenic response in group 3 but did not reverse the unresponsiveness in group 1 and group 2 subjects. The addition of interleukin (IL)-2 in culture reversed unresponsiveness in all cases except one case in group 1. Compared with before vaccination, PBMC from group 2 subjects produced significantly less interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and more IL-4 in response to HBsAg after vaccination, a cytokine response not observed in group 1 subjects. HLA typing indicated that 3 of 10 patients in group 1 (30%) and 1 of 5 patients in group 2 (20%) had HLA-DRw14-DRw52, a marker previously linked to low anti-HBs response to hepatitis B vaccine in Taiwan. We conclude that the underlying causes of poor anti-HBs response in group 1 subjects are multifactorial, including specific failure of antigen presentation or T-cell activation, or the lack of T helper (Th)2 cell-like response to HBsAg. HLA-DRw14-DRw52 does not confer absolute nonresponsiveness to HBsAg. These patients are not benefited by hepatitis B immunization.
Staff of Nursing Homes
Authors: J. Neil Henderson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The advice by Sloane and Gwyther (1980;244:1840) regarding nursing homes and nursing home selection is excellent. Their comments regarding positive outcomes of institutionalization are particularly noteworthy. However, one comment deserves elaboration. Tucked away in their list for evaluating a prospective nursing home is the suggestion to talk to residents, visitors, and staff. Staff requires special consideration.  My data from a 13-month participant-observation study in a typical proprietary nursing home show that from the patients' view, the important care-giving staff is the corps of nurses' aides. 1 Nurses' aides comprise about 43% of the total staff, 2 are usually untrained, 2,3 and have the most patient contact time. 1 In addition, I have found that the lengthy in-room tasks of the housekeepers allow them to be important providers of psychosocial support. 4 Families view only the administrators or licensed nursing staff as important resources regarding patient care, not
Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) gene expression in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) primary lesions: an in situ hybridization study
Authors: M Stürzl, A Wunderlich, G Ascherl, C Hohenadl, P Monini, C Zietz, PJ Browning, F Neipel, P Biberfeld, B Ensoli
Journal: Leukemia (1999)
Article is concerning
Authors: Dave Tomson, Rachel Burbeck, Stephen Pilling, Liz McDonald
Journal: BMJ (2007)

As the developers of the recent NICE guideline on antenatal and postnatal mental health1 we found some aspects of the article by O'Keane and Marsh on depression during pregnancy of concern.2 Firstly, by focusing only on depression it perpetuates the myth that depression is the only important mental disorder of pregnancy and the postpartum period, when other disorders are also important, notably, anxiety disorders. Secondly, it is written from a secondary care perspective when the burden of care …
Host-Directed Therapy for AIDS
Authors: Raphael B. Stricker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 September 1995Host-Directed Therapy for AIDSRaphael B. Stricker, MD and Billi GoldbergRaphael B. Stricker, MDHemaCare Corporation; San Francisco, CA 94108DNCB Study Group; San Francisco, CA 94114Search for more papers by this author and Billi GoldbergHemaCare Corporation; San Francisco, CA 94108DNCB Study Group; San Francisco, CA 94114Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-6-199509150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The thoughtful article by Lederman [1] explores the use of host-directed and immune-based therapies as an alternative approach to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Curiously, the article ignores the most widely used alternative immune-based HIV treatment: topical dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB).A simple organic compound, DNCB has been used for many years as a skin test reagent by dermatologists [2]. The therapeutic use of topical DNCB in patients with HIV disease was first proposed in 1986. Since then, the immune-boosting effect of this compound has been shown in HIV-infected patients worldwide [3, 4]. Dinitrochlorobenzene is a potent stimulant of ...References1. Lederman MM. Host-directed and immune-based therapies for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:218-22. Google Scholar2. Stricker RB, Elswood BF, Abrams DI. Dendritic cells and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB): a new treatment approach to AIDS. Immunol Lett. 1991; 29:191-6. Google Scholar3. Stricker RB, Elswood BF, Goldberg B, Dumlao C, Van Elk J, Henry J, et al. Clinical and immunologic evaluation of HIV-infected patients treated with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994; 31:462-6. Google Scholar4. Traub A. Use of DNCB as an immune modulator in HIV-positive patients-a pilot study. [Abstract]. Int Conf AIDS. 1994; 10:219. Google Scholar5. Roberts M, Gompels M, Pinching A, Knight SC. Dendritic cells from HIV-1 infected individuals show reduced capacity to stimulate autologous T-cell proliferation. Immunol Lett. 1994; 43:39-43. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: HemaCare Corporation; San Francisco, CA 94108DNCB Study Group; San Francisco, CA 94114 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHuman retroviruses in leukaemia and AIDS: reflections on their discovery, biology and epidemiologyMarktspezifische Umfeldfaktoren 15 September 1995Volume 123, Issue 6Page: 471-472KeywordsAIDSAntigen-presenting cellsDendritic cellsHIVHypersensitivityImmune responseLangerhans cellsSkin tests Issue Published: 15 September 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Improved Response to nab-Paclitaxel Compared with Cremophor-Solubilized Paclitaxel is Independent of Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Huanjie Shao, Haikuo Tang, Oreste E. Salavaggione, Chunrong Yu, Bonnie Hylander, Wei Tan, Elizabeth Repasky, Alex A. Adjei, Grace K. Dy
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
INDICATION OF FAT PAD MODIFICATION FOR PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: AN APPROACH BY THE EXTENT OF FIBROSIS ON LEFT ATRIUM OBTAINED FROM LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT MRI
Authors: Koji Higuchi, Mehmet Akkaya, Joshua Blauer, Kavitha Damal, Chankevin Tek, Nathan Burgon, Eugene Kholmovski, Rob MacLeod, Nassir Marrouche
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Human papillomavirus infection
Authors: J. F Hines, S.-J. Ghim, A B. Jenson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Cervical cancer is estimated to cause 500000 deaths each year worldwide. The public health impact of controlling precursor cervical lesions and cancer is potentially huge, especially in developing countries, where the incidence of cervical cancer approaches 40 per 100000 women.1 Advances in cellular and molecular biology and immunology enable detailed investigation of disease pathogenesis. These advances help our understanding of the role that human papillomaviruses play in premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix and have important ramifications for the way we diagnose, screen, and treat associated disease. In this issue of the BMJ Lehtinen and colleagues report on a study that directly applied molecular immunology to clinical and epidemiological medicine to support existing scientific evidence of human papillomavirus and its association with invasive cervical …
Indomethacin and Thalassemic Osteoarthropathy
Authors: NORMAN L. GOTTLIEB
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1978Indomethacin and Thalassemic OsteoarthropathyNORMAN L. GOTTLIEB, M.D., WAYNE G. RISKIN, M.D.NORMAN L. GOTTLIEB, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WAYNE G. RISKIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-3-427 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Gratwick and associates "Thalassemic Osteoarthropathy" (Ann Intern Med 88:494-501, 1978) was interesting and informative, but we take issue with the closing statement that indomethacin as an analgesic is contraindicated in this condition because it inhibits fracture healing.We know of no scientific data to support the supposed inhibitory action of indomethacin on fracture healing. The authors cite as reference an article by Fross-Hauge (J Norw Med Assoc95:1594-1603, 1975), which, in fact, simply describes three patients who developed progressively severe degenerative arthritis of the hip while receiving indomethacin. Indomethacin is presumed to contribute to...References1. O'BRIEN W: Indomethacin: a survey of clinical trials. Clin Pharmacol Ther 9:94-107, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ROBINSONTASHJIANLEVINE DAL: Prostaglandin-stimulated bone resorption by rheumatoid synovia. J Clin Invest 56:1181-1188, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. SOLOMON L: Drug-induced arthropathy and necrosis of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg 55B:246-261, 1973 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. RUBENS-DUVALVILLIAUMEYKAPLANBAILEY AJGD: Surmenage et détérioration rapide de coxo-fémorales arthrosiques au cours de thérapeutiques anti-inflammatoires non corticoides. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 37:535-541, 1970 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. SUDMANNHAGEN ET: Indomethacin-induced delayed fracture healing. Arch Orthop Unfallchir 85:151-154, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. RADINPARKERPUGHSTEINBERGPAULROSE EHJRIR: Response of joints to impact loading. III. Relationship between trabecular microfractures and cartilage degeneration. J Biomech 6:51-57, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Miami School of Medicine Miami, FL 33152 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThalassemic Arthropathy 1 September 1978Volume 89, Issue 3Page: 427-428KeywordsAnalgesicsHipOsteoarthritis Issue Published: 1 September 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effect of clofibrate on intravascular coagulation in hyperlipoproteinemia.
Authors: A C Carvalho, R S Lees, R A Vaillancourt, R W Colman
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Intravascular coagulation (IVC) was evaluated in 19 patients with type II and 11 with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia before and after clofibrate therapy by measurements of soluble fibrin complexes (SFC) in plasma; fibrinolysis was estimated by quantitation of fibrin (ogen) degradation products in serum. Untreated type II and type IV patients had increased SFC (P less than 0.01). The former also had activation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway as evidenced by decreased plasma prekallikrein (P less than 0.001), kallikrein inhibitors (P less than 0.001), and factor XII (P less than 0.02). Although clofibrate treatment of the type II patients did not change plasma lipids, it decreased intravascular coagulation, apparently via decreased factor XII activation and stimulation of fibrinolysis. In contrast, treated type IV patients had unchanged SFC and FDP levels, despite decreased plasma triglycerides (P less than 0.01). Clofibrate-induced changes in blood coagulation are independent of lipid-lowering. Clofibrate therapy decreases intravascular coagulation in type II patients and may help to prevent thromboembolic sequelae.
Doctor or technician
Authors: G Neale
Journal: Gut (2003)

In 1984, Sir Christopher Booth (President British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) 1979) gave a lecture in Berlin on the effect of technology on clinical practice. He lauded the rapidly expanding benefits of diagnostic and interventional gastrointestinal endoscopy but was led to ask “Will the gastroenterologist simply become a technician who carries out a series of complex but personally satisfying techniques?”1

Most gastroenterologists remain general physicians but in talking with specialist registrars I have been surprised by their overwhelming interest in honing endoscopic skills. If this leads to a simplistic approach to the investigation of possible gastrointestinal pathology, it has its dangers. Analysis of two cases in the past month reminded me of this.

An elderly man was …
Ethnic minorities have specific needs with regard to cardiovascular risk
Authors: M. Molokhia
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—The identification of patients at high risk of coronary heart disease is vital for preventive clinical care. 1 2 Robson et al state that a reduction of absolute cardiovascular risk in the tenth of the population with coronary risk ≥30% is likely to be cost beneficial.3 South Asians and Afro-Caribbeans in the United Kingdom …
The Preservation of Human Cadaver Kidneys for Transplantation
Authors: Robert E. McCabe
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In order to provide a larger number of cadaver kidneys for transplantation in New York City, a regional program in organ procurement, preservation, and tissue typing was instituted in a cooperative effort between multiple dialysis units and the transplant centers. During the past year, ten different hospitals provided 30 kidneys to the organ pool. After perfusion, preservation, and testing, 20 of these were selected for transplantation at five different centers. Tissue typing of the recipient pool of more than 200 was performed by the New York Blood Center. Short-term graft survival rate approaches 85%. An even broader physician participation in the regional organ procurement program is encouraged and expected in the future so that there might be a substantial reduction in the duration a dialysis patient must await a cadaver transplant.
Adverse Effects of Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors on Renal and Arrhythmia Events
Authors: Jingjing Zhang, Eric L. Ding, Yiqing Song
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ContextAdverse effects of selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors on renal events and arrhythmia have been controversial, with suggestions of a class effect.ObjectiveTo quantitatively evaluate adverse risks of renal events (renal dysfunction, hypertension, and peripheral edema) and arrhythmia events and to explore drug class effects and temporal trends of apparent effects of the COX-2 inhibitors: rofecoxib, celecoxib, valdecoxib, parecoxib, etoricoxib, and lumiracoxib.Data SourcesA systematic search of EMBASE and MEDLINE (through June 2006), bibliographies, US Food and Drug Administration reports, and pharmaceutical industry clinical trial databases.Study SelectionFrom relevant reports, 114 randomized double-blind clinical trials were included.Data ExtractionInformation on publication year, participant characteristics, trial duration, drug, control, dose, and events were extracted using a standardized protocol.Data SynthesisResults were pooled via random-effects models and meta-regressions. Of 116 094 participants from 114 trial reports including 127 trial populations (40 rofecoxib, 37 celecoxib, 29 valdecoxib + parecoxib, 15 etoricoxib, and 6 lumiracoxib), there were a total of 6394 composite renal events (2670 peripheral edema, 3489 hypertension, 235 renal dysfunction) and 286 arrhythmia events. Results indicated significant heterogeneity of renal effects across agents (P for interaction = .02), indicating no class effect. Compared with controls, rofecoxib was associated with increased risk of arrhythmia (relative risk [RR], 2.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-7.88) and composite renal events (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.33-1.76); adverse renal effects increased with greater dose and duration (both P≤.05). For all individual renal end points, rofecoxib was associated with increased risk of peripheral edema (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.23-1.66), hypertension (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.29-1.85), and renal dysfunction (RR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.05-5.07). In contrast, celecoxib was associated with lower risk of both renal dysfunction (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94) and hypertension (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.97) compared with controls. Other agents were not significantly associated with risk. Time-cumulative analyses indicated that for rofecoxib the adverse risks for peripheral edema and hypertension were evident by the end of year 2000 and for risk of arrhythmia by 2004.ConclusionsIn this comprehensive analysis of 114 randomized trials with 116 094 participants, rofecoxib was associated with increased renal and arrhythmia risks. A COX-2 inhibitor class effect was not evident. Future safety monitoring is warranted and may benefit from an active and continuous cumulative surveillance system.Published online September 12, 2006 (doi:10.1001/jama.296.13.jrv60015).