tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Americans in Foreign Medical Schools
Authors: Hayden C. Nicholson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In a SPECIAL COMMUNICATION in this issue p 1845, Henry R. Mason presents data on the budgets of basic science departments in 13 foreign medical schools. Although these budgets may not be strictly comparable to those of corresponding departments in American schools, there is no question that, in comparison with American schools, the budgets are low and the number of students is very great. The difference between these foreign schools and the American medical schools is illustrated perhaps most dramatically by Mason's finding that the student-faculty ratio in these basic science departments is in the neighborhood of 50:1 contrasted with about 2.7:1 in American schools. This year, about 12,000 students will enter American medical schools; about 14,000 applicants will be denied admission. A considerable number of those disappointed applicants will seek a medical education in a foreign medical school. One of the schools studied by Mason has over 1,000 American
The degradation of Josip Broz
Authors: P. Aurora
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Josip Broz lived in a small children's home on the edge of town. The staff pitied him, for not only had he been born with the ugliest of deformities, but fate had orphaned him at a young age. His mother died giving birth to him; his father, unable to cope, took solace in whisky and met his destiny in a road accident a few months later. Josip's sister, unprepared for the sudden responsibility, abandoned him to the children's home, where he received more sympathy than affection. Josip had his revenge on the staff when the war came, for while they lost their homes and their children Josip stayed in his own bed, and apart from the cold and the occasional journalist, his life did not change.

The war was bloody even by local standards, and by the time it was over the town had been gutted. Then the foreigners arrived driving bright new Land Cruisers, wearing crisp white suits, their wallets bulging. The people were ecstatic.

“Thank God you've come. You've no idea how much we need your money. The school's been levelled, the children are wearing …
CCGs have duty to demand providers be open about mistakes, say MPs
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The NHS must become so open and transparent that raising concerns becomes a matter of routine and the role of whistleblower becomes redundant, the House of Commons Health Committee says in a report on the recommendations made by the public inquiry into Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust.1

Stephen Dorrell, the former health secretary who chairs the committee, said that the report of the inquiry by Robert Francis QC into widespread failings in care at the trust between 2005 and 2009 should deliver “an electric shock to the system.”

The Francis report found failures at every level up to the Department of Health, which allowed “terrible and unnecessary suffering” by patients to go undetected for years.2

Francis described a culture in which doctors felt …
P2-281: Retrospective study on patients diagnosed with advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer treated with the combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine: assessment of therapeutic efficacy and prognosis factors
Authors: María Luque, Emilio Esteban, Norberto Corral, Noemi Villanueva, Paula Jimenez, Beatriz Llorente, Marta Capelan, José Pablo Berros, Guillermo Crespo, Angel J Lacave
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Persistent Organic Pollutant Residues in Human Fetal Liver and Placenta from Greater Montreal, Quebec: A Longitudinal Study from 1998 through 2006
Authors: Josée Doucet, Brett Tague, Douglas L. Arnold, Gerard M. Cooke, Stephen Hayward, Cynthia G. Goodyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

There is general concern that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) found in the environment, wildlife, food, water, house dust, human tissues, and fluids may alter normal human physiologic activities (e.g., fetal development, immune and endocrine systems). Although the levels of some POPs [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCs)] in these matrices have decreased after their ban, others [polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)] have increased in recent years.To determine the longitudinal trend of specific POPs in human fetal tissues for risk assessment purposes.We analyzed early to mid-gestation fetal liver (n = 52) and placental (n = 60) tissues, obtained after elective abortions during 1998-2006, for selected PBDEs, PCBs, and OCs using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy.Total PBDEs in fetal liver increased over time (mean +/- SE: 1998, 284.4 +/- 229.8 ng/g lipid; 2006, 1,607.7 +/- 605.9; p < 0.03), whereas placental levels were generally lower, with no clear trend. Low levels of PCBs and OCs varied yearly, with no evident trend. The major analytes in 1998 were OCs (liver, 49%; placenta, 71%), whereas the major analytes in 2006 were PBDEs (liver, 89%; placenta, 98%). The 1998-2006 tissue PBDE congener profile is similar to that of DE-71, a commercial primarily pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture manufactured in North America.Although commercial production of penta- and octa-brominated diphenyl ethers in North America was halted in 2004, their concentrations in fetal liver and placenta are now greater than the tissue burdens for the analyzed OCs and PCBs. Our findings also demonstrate that PBDEs accumulate within the fetal compartment at a very early stage in gestation.
The Migratory Needle Story.
Authors: Irving McNeil
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Mescalero, N. M., Nov. 24, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In response to the editorial inThe Journal, Nov. 17, 1906, urging that cases presenting the phenomena of migration be reported, the following report is made: E. S., German, blacksmith, presented himself at my office, April 18, 1906, and showed me a pea-sized tumor on the upper outer aspect of the metacarpophalangeal articulation of the index finger of the right hand. The tumor was slightly tender on pressure, easily movable, and had a hard, gristly feel. He gave as a history that 14 years ago, while working over his anvil a small piece of his hammer flew off and embedded itself in the right side of his neck just under the angle of the jaw. From his description of the bleeding, evidently an artery was severed. It required the services of two physicians and several hours' time to arrest the hemorrhage
Wallace William Brigden
Authors: Caroline Richmond
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The term cardiomyopathy was coined by Wallace Brigden in his St Cyres lecture at the Royal College of Physicians in 1956. It was one of his many contributions to cardiology, which was in its infancy when he was appointed to The London Hospital at the age of 33. He went on to become dean of the Institute of Cardiology. He also had a fine bedside manner: patients opened up to him and he therefore elicited comprehensive histories from them. He took a holistic view and followed up patients for years, tracking the progression of their disease. His military bearing belied a warm and caring personality with a great capacity for friendship. He was a modest man whose influence spread faster than his fame.
Effect of balloon angioplasty on femoral artery evaluated with intravascular ultrasound imaging.
Authors: S H The, E J Gussenhoven, Y Zhong, W Li, F van Egmond, H Pieterman, H van Urk, G P Gerritsen, C Borst, R A Wilson
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Intravascular ultrasound was used to assess the immediate effect of balloon angioplasty on the superficial femoral artery. METHODS AND RESULTS In 16 consecutive patients, corresponding ultrasonic cross sections (n = 72) before and after balloon angioplasty were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The qualitative data were compared with angiographic findings. Before intervention, the angiographically demonstrated obstructive lesions were confirmed by intravascular ultrasound. Ultrasound enabled discrimination between soft (n = 43) and hard (n = 29) lesions, as well as between eccentric (n = 57) and concentric (n = 15) lesions. After balloon angioplasty, the presence of a dissection assessed angiographically in 14 patients was confirmed by intravascular ultrasound. Additional morphological information provided by ultrasound included plaque rupture in 14 patients and internal lamina rupture in six patients. Quantitative ultrasound data revealed an increase in free lumen area from 9.7 +/- 4.7 to 18.3 +/- 7.0 mm2 (p less than or equal to 0.01), an increase in minimal lumen diameter from 2.8 +/- 0.7 to 3.6 +/- 1.2 mm (p less than or equal to 0.01), and an increase in media-bounded area from 21.7 +/- 5.4 to 28.3 +/- 5.8 mm2 (p less than or equal to 0.01). The lesion area for the majority of cases (n = 32) remained unchanged (13.0 +/- 4.9 mm2 versus 12.9 +/- 4.6 mm2), or the lesion disappeared partially (from 9.1 +/- 0.9 to 4.3 +/- 1.4 mm2, n = 4, p less than or equal to 0.01) or totally (from 10.1 +/- 4.2 to 0 mm2, n = 6). Stretching of the arterial wall was further evidenced by medial thinning from 0.55 +/- 0.19 to 0.34 +/- 0.11 mm (p less than or equal to 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Luminal enlargement by balloon dilatation is achieved primarily by overstretching the arterial wall, with the lesion volume remaining practically unchanged. Overstretching is accompanied almost always by dissection and plaque rupture and occasionally by an internal lamina rupture.
Eradication of Syphilis: The Missing Element
Authors: WILLIAM J. BROWN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Editorials1 February 1970Eradication of Syphilis: The Missing ElementWILLIAM J. BROWN, M.D.WILLIAM J. BROWN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-2-278 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOn January 6, 1969, a private physician in a western state reported a case of primary syphilis in a 34-year-old man to the county health department. With the doctor's permission, a public-health epidemiologist interviewed the patient who identified two recent female sexual contacts, one of whom was found 4 days later to have syphilis in an early, latent stage.So far, there is nothing unusual in this story, but 23 days before her diagnosis of syphilis, the infected woman had been hospitalized for pelvic inflammatory disease, had remained in the hospital 16 days, and had been discharged without a single...References1. COHENSTOUTENDE PGN: Serologic reactivity in consecutive patients admitted to a general hospital. Arch Intern Med (Chicago) 124:364-367, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. GOLDMONLANTZ JM: FTA-ABS test reactivity in a population of nuns. In preparation Google Scholar3. Today's VD Control Problem. A joint statement by APHA, ASHA, and AVDA. New York, American Social Health Association, 1969, pp. 9-11 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Venereal Disease Branch National Communicable Disease Center Atlanta, Ga. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Matter of Venereal Disease in 1971R. H. KAMPMEIER, M.D.Infectious diseases: annual review of significant publications. 1 February 1970Volume 72, Issue 2Page: 278-280KeywordsEpidemiologyInfectious diseasesPelvic inflammatory diseaseSyphilis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Weaning from Controlled Ventilation and Supplemental Oxygen
Authors: Thomas W. Feeley, John Hedley-Whyte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Weaning from Intermittent Positive-Pressure VentilationCriteriaTHE criteria for the discontinuation of controlled ventilation are the converse of those for the institution of controlled ventilation. The patient should have an alveolar arterial oxygen tension difference measured breathing 100 per cent oxygen (Aa DO2 1.0) of less than 300 to 350 mm Hg.1 A minimum vital capacity of 10 to 15 ml per kilogram of body weight is necessary. The maximum inspiratory force should be numerically greater than -20 cm of water.2 The ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT) is an accurate measure of whether a patient will . . .
Non-neoplastic pathology results after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric epithelial dysplasia or early gastric cancer
Authors: Min Yang, Sung Shin, Ki Lee, Kee Lee, Sun Lim, Joon Kang, Jae Hwang, Soon Kim, Dakeun Lee, Joo-Sung Kim, Gil-Ho Lee, Han Ryu, Byung Yoo, Kwang Lee, Young Kim, Jin Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims</b>: Endoscopists sometimes face paradoxical cases in which the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) specimen reveals a non-neoplastic pathology result. The aims of the study were to determine the reasons for such results, and to compare the endoscopic characteristics of non-neoplastic and conventional neoplastic pathology groups after ESD. <b>Patients and methods</b>: A total of 1186 gastric ESDs performed between February 2005 and December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The ESD specimens included 52 (4.4 %) that were confirmed as negative or indefinite for neoplasia. Patient characteristics and endoscopic and pathological data were reviewed and compared. <b>Results</b>: Non-neoplastic pathology after ESD was due to complete removal of the lesion at biopsy in 45 cases (86.5 %), pathology overestimation in 5 (9.6 %), and incorrect localization of the original tumor with subsequent ESD performed at the wrong site in 2 (3.8 %). The mean length and surface area of the non-neoplastic lesions were 9.2 ± 2.6 mm and 49.6 ± 23.6 mm <sup>2</sup>, respectively. Mean sampling ratios were 3.0 ± 1.5 mm/fragment and 16.3 ± 10.0 mm<sup>2</sup>/fragment. Compared with 1134 cases confirmed as neoplastic on the final ESD specimen, non-neoplastic cases showed a significantly smaller tumor size and surface area, and lower sampling ratios in a logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders (<i>P</i> < 0.001 for all). <b>Conclusions</b>: Complete lesion removal by biopsy, pathology overestimation, and incorrect localization of the original tumor with subsequent ESD at the wrong site were the main reasons for non-neoplastic results after ESD. Small tumor size and surface area, and low sampling ratios were associated with non-neoplastic pathology results after ESD.
Reply to G.J. Veal et al
Authors: Ann-Marie Leahey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

I heartily agree with the insightful comments of Veal and Boddy regarding the need for appropriate planned population pharmacokinetic studies, especially in infants, to provide better data on which to base chemotherapy dosing. They also suggest real-time therapeutic drug monitoring to inform subsequent day carboplatin dose adjustments, a practice routinely used in the United Kingdom. However, from a practical standpoint, the chemotherapy regimen with the largest published experience in the United States uses a single dose of carboplatin in addition to vincristine and etoposide (CEV). Importantly, in a Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia retrospective analysis of 116 patients treated with CEV, no ototoxicity developed in patients with normal baseline hearing. CEV is also the regimen used by the Children’s Oncology Group in the largest prospective international trial of adjuvant chemotherapy for retinoblastoma after enucleation. Although therapeutic drug monitoring clearly has a role in multiday carboplatin regimens, especially in the setting of high-dose therapy, it is not a strategy that would be feasible with the most commonly used American systemic chemotherapeutic regimen for retinoblastoma.
Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis as therapeutic strategies for postnatal neovascularization
Authors: Jeffrey M. Isner, Takayuki Asahara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

The therapeutic implications of angiogenic growth factors were identified by the pioneering work of Folkman 2 decades ago (1). His laboratory’s work documented the extent to which tumor development was dependent upon neovascularization and suggested that this relationship might involve angiogenic growth factors that were specific for neoplasms. Subsequent investigations have established the feasibility of using recombinant formulations of such angiogenic growth factors to expedite and/or augment collateral artery development in animal models of myocardial and hindlimb ischemia. This novel strategy for the treatment of vascular insufficiency was termed therapeutic angiogenesis (2). More recent data suggests that the basis for native and therapeutic neovascularization is not restricted to angiogenesis but includes postnatal vasculogenesis as well. Data supporting these notions, as well as derivative concepts and concerns, are the subject of this Perspective.
Adverse events in British hospitals: preliminary retrospective record review
Authors: C. Vincent
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To examine the feasibility of detecting adverse events through record review in British hospitals and to make preliminary estimates of the incidence and costs of adverse events. <b>Design:</b> Retrospective review of 1014 medical and nursing records. <b>Setting:</b> Two acute hospitals in Greater London area. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Number of adverse events. <b>Results:</b> 110 (10.8%) patients experienced an adverse event, with an overall rate of adverse events of 11.7% when multiple adverse events were included. About half of these events were judged preventable with ordinary standards of care. A third of adverse events led to moderate or greater disability or death. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that adverse events are a serious source of harm to patients and a large drain on NHS resources. Some are major events; others are frequent, minor events that go unnoticed in routine clinical care but together have massive economic consequences
Human Relaxins: Chemistry and Biology*
Authors: GILLIAN D. BRYANT-GREENWOOD, CHRISTIAN SCHWABE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

IT IS more than a decade since the previous and first review in this journal on relaxin (1). There have been many significant advances over this period which have been reviewed by us and others (2–4). The sequencing of the two human relaxin genes termed HI and H2 relaxins, and the availability of these peptides and antibodies have allowed relatively rapid progress in knowledge over the last few years. There is enough accumulated data to warrant specialization within the field and to allow us to focus this review on the human relaxins. Where there are gaps in the knowledge of effects of human relaxin in human systems, they have been filled with data from nonhuman animal experimentation to provide a more complete picture of the status of the field. A summary of the principal advances over the period 1983–1992 is presented in Table 1. Over this period the sequences of the two human relaxin genes as well as their tissue expression were described together with the chemical and recombinant syntheses of their peptides, the development of an homologous RIA, and a method of labeling relaxin with 32P while retaining its biological activity for receptor detection.
THE ROLE OF COMPLEMENT IN RESISTANCE TO ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS INFECTION WITH A COMMON MOUSE PATHOGEN, CORYNEBACTERIUM KUTSCHERI
Authors: Linda D. Caren, L. T. Rosenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

In mice, the presence or absence of a single complement (C') component, called hc(1), is controlled by two alleles at the Hc locus. The sera of mice which lack this C' component do not manifest C'-mediated immune hemolysis. When challenged with the common mouse pathogen, Corynebacterium kutscheri, mice possessing hemolytic C' fare slightly better than C'-deficient mice. When mice harboring latent C. kutscheri are administered hydrocortisone, which depresses mouse serum C' levels, pseudotuberculosis is activated with equal frequency in mice of both C' types. These data suggest that in at least one situation the presence of the complete hemolytic C' system may be advantageous to the mouse. In contrast, evidence is presented which shows that under normal laboratory conditions, C'-deficient B10.D2 "old line" mice (Hc(0)/Hc(0)) have a survival advantage over C'-positive B10.D2 "new line" mice (Hc(1)/Hic(1)) during the first 3 wk of life. It is therefore concluded that mouse hemolytic C' has a balanced survival value-that is, under one set of conditions it may be advantageous, whereas in another situation, it may be disadvantageous.
How many beliefs can dance in the head of the self-deceived?
Authors: Jeffrey E. Foss
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Mele desires to believe that the self-deceived have consistent beliefs. Beliefs are not observable, but are instead ascribed within an explanatory framework. Because explanatory cogency is the only criterion for belief attribution, Mele should carefully attend to the logic of belief-desire explanation. He does not, and the consistency of his own account as well as that of the self-deceived, are the victims.
Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chains are encoded by two genes located on different chromosomes.
Authors: M Simons, M Wang, O W McBride, S Kawamoto, K Yamakawa, D Gdula, R S Adelstein, L Weir
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

We report the cloning of cDNAs encoding two different human nonmuscle myosin heavy chains designated NMMHC-A and NMMHC-B. The mRNAs encoding NMMHC-A and NMMHC-B are both 7.5 kb in size but are shown to be the products of different genes, which are localized to chromosome 22q11.2 and chromosome 17q13, respectively. In aggreement with previously reported results using avian tissues, we show that the mRNAs encoding the two myosin heavy chain isoforms are differentially expressed in rat nonmuscle and muscle tissues as well as in a number of human cell lines. The cDNA sequence encoding the 5' portion of the NMMHC-A isoform completes the previously published 3' cDNA sequence encoding a human myosin heavy chain, thus providing the cDNA sequence encoding the entire NMMHC-A amino acid sequence. Comparison of this sequence to cDNA clones encoding the amino-terminal one third of the NMMHC-B sequence (amino acids 58-718) shows them to be 89% identical at the amino acid level and 74% identical at the nucleotide level.