tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Schools' experience of league tables should make doctors think again
Authors: P. Tymms, A. Wiggins
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Women with a history of preeclampsia are twice as likely to experience long term cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to women with unaffected pregnancy. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is not well understood, however there is general agreement that, similar to cardiovascular disease, endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role. On a clinical level, preeclampsia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease share common risk factors. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is ultrasound-based imaging, non-invasive, simple and reproducible method of subclinical atherosclerosis evaluation. Nowadays, there were studies concerning of CIMT among preeclamptic women, although the results were different. <h3>Objective</h3> To prove that CIMT among women with histories of preeclampsia was greater compared to normal pregnancy. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a meta-analysis of studies that reported CIMT, in women who had preeclampsia and had normal pregnancy. Studies were identified through three databases: PubMed, Google Scholar dan SAGE Journals with publication year of 2010- 2020. Heterogeneity was assessed using the <i>I</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> statistic. Standardized mean difference was used as measured of effect size. <h3>Results</h3> Nine eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. This meta-analysis consisted of 439 women with preeclampsia histories and 526 women with normal pregnancy histories. Women who had preeclampsia had significantly higher CIMT compared to those with normal pregnancy with standardized mean difference −0.38 and 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.68 to −0.07 (<i>p</i>=0.02). <h3>Conclusion</h3> CIMT was greater among women with histories of preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancy. <h3>Prospero registration number</h3> ID 228825.
QRST time integral values in 12-lead electrocardiograms before and after radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Authors: Tetsuo Yanagawa, Makoto Hirai, Hiroshi Hayashi, Hiroaki Sano, Yasushi Tomita, Yasuya Inden, Hidehiko Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Lipid transfer protein (Ara h 9) as a new peanut allergen relevant for a Mediterranean allergic population
Authors: Susanne Krause, Gerald Reese, Stefanie Randow, Danila Zennaro, Donato Quaratino, Paola Palazzo, Maria Antonietta Ciardiello, Arnd Petersen, Wolf-Meinhard Becker, Adriano Mari
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
TCT-549 Could Staged Carotid Stenting with CABG be non-inferior to combined Carotid Endarterectomy and CABG for Carotid and Coronary Revascularization? A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Daniel Garcia, Mohammad M. Ansari, Josef L. Toussaint, Rhanderson N. Cardoso, Alam Schob, Carlos Alfonso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Associations Between Reduced Hospital Length of Stay and 30-Day Readmission Rate and Mortality: 14-Year Experience in 129 Veterans Affairs Hospitals
Authors: Peter J. Kaboli, Jorge T. Go, Jason Hockenberry, Justin M. Glasgow, Skyler R. Johnson, Gary E. Rosenthal, Michael P. Jones, Mary Vaughan-Sarrazin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Chinese translation Background: Reducing length of stay (LOS) has been a priority for hospitals and health care systems. However, there is concern that this reduction may result in increased hospital readmissions. Objective: To determine trends in hospital LOS and 30-day readmission rates for all medical diagnoses combined and 5 specific common diagnoses in the Veterans Health Administration. Design: Observational study from 1997 to 2010. Setting: All 129 acute care Veterans Affairs hospitals in the United States. Patients: 4 124 907 medical admissions with subsamples of 2 chronic diagnoses (heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and 3 acute diagnoses (acute myocardial infarction, community-acquired pneumonia, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage). Measurements: Unadjusted LOS and 30-day readmission rates with multivariable regression analyses to adjust for patient demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and admitting hospitals. Results: For all medical diagnoses combined, risk-adjusted mean hospital LOS decreased by 1.46 days from 5.44 to 3.98 days, or 2% annually (P < 0.001). Reductions in LOS were also observed for the 5 specific common diagnoses, with greatest reductions for acute myocardial infarction (2.85 days) and community-acquired pneumonia (2.22 days). Over the 14 years, risk-adjusted 30-day readmission rates for all medical diagnoses combined decreased from 16.5% to 13.8% (P < 0.001). Reductions in readmissions were also observed for the 5 specific common diagnoses, with greatest reductions for acute myocardial infarction (22.6% to 19.8%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17.9% to 14.6%). All-cause mortality 90 days after admission was reduced by 3% annually. Of note, hospitals with mean risk-adjusted LOS that was lower than expected had a higher readmission rate, suggesting a modest tradeoff between hospital LOS and readmission (6% increase for each day lower than expected). Limitations: This study is limited to the Veterans Health Administration system; non–Veterans Affairs admissions were not available. No measure of readmission preventability was used. Conclusion: Veterans Affairs hospitals demonstrated simultaneous improvements in hospital LOS and readmissions over 14 years, suggesting that as LOS improved, hospital readmission did not increase. This is important because hospital readmission is being used as a quality indicator and may result in payment incentives. Future work should explore these relationships to see whether a tipping point exists for LOS reduction and hospital readmission. Primary Funding Source: Office of Rural Health and the Health Services Research & Development Service, Veterans Health Administration, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
Calcium Deposits in the Iris
Authors: C. Poniedel
Journal: BMJ (1947)

VITAMIN K FOR CHILBLAINS BRrALSH 691 be explained by a mild hypovitaminosis-K in certain indi- viduals.Kark and Lozner (1939) showed that this hypo- vitaminosis could in fact occur in adults owing to causes other than liver disease.In any case it would seem worth while giving vitamin K a further trial in this widespread and irritating condition.SummaryThe treatment of eight cases of chilblains, ranging from the mildest manifestation to severe and ulcerated forms, is described.In four there was complete alleviation of symptoms and signs, the response in Case 1 being exceptionally good.In the other four there was an improvement.Two of these patients defaulted before treatment was completed, so the final result *as not known.In the remaining two there was improvement, especially of the actual chilblains,, although the perniotic con- dition of the digits remained; and in one there was a recru- descence of symptoms in spite of continued treatment.As regards the mode of administration it was considered that intramuscular injections were superior to the oral route.They were, however, accompanied by considerable pain, so they had to -be abandoned, as the patients were not prepared to put up with this for the possible cure of their relatively minor ailment.
Administration of School Health Services
Authors: Leon J. Taubenhaus
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have just read the article by Wolf and Pritham "Administration of School Health Services" (<b>193</b>:195, 1965). The authors are correct in their statement that the majority of school administrators prefer the administration of school health services under the sole jurisdiction of the school system. It is not at all surprising that school administrators should prefer this pattern of organization, because it is simple and gives them the complete authority over the program. This does not mean, however, that this is the desirable administrative pattern of school health services. It allows too much nonmedical direction of the health program and contributes to segmentation of health services. Both of these points are contrary to concepts of the best administration of medical services in schools. The most dramatic evidence of the inadvisability of school dominated administration of health services is found in the statistics of selective service and
Bradykinin-stimulated electrolyte secretion in rabbit and guinea pig intestine. Involvement of arachidonic acid metabolites.
Authors: M W Musch, J F Kachur, R J Miller, M Field, J S Stoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Bradykinin (BK) increases short-circuit current (Isc) when added to the serosal side of rabbit or guinea pig ileum or rabbit colon. Significant effects on Isc are seen at concentrations as low as 10(-10) M. Anion substitution experiments and unidirectional 36Cl flux measurements indicate that this effect of BK on Isc is due to Cl secretion. The effect of BK on Isc can be partially blocked (60-70% inhibition) by cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin and/or naproxen) and completely blocked by the phospholipase inhibitor, mepacrine. The combined cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitors BW 755 and eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid (ETYA) also completely block the effect of BK on Isc but the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) antagonist FPL 55712 has no effect. None of the above inhibitors diminish the effect on Isc of other exogenously added secretory stimuli such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), theophylline, or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Prior desensitization of rabbit ileum to PGE2 blocks the effect on Isc of BK but not those of VIP or theophylline. Conversely, prior desensitization of rabbit ileum to BK greatly reduces the effect of PGE2 on Isc. BK also stimulates the synthesis of PGE2 in rabbit ileal and colonic mucosa and this effect can be blocked by prior addition of either indomethacin or mepacrine. These effects of BK are similar to those of exogenously added arachidonic acid (AA). AA also stimulates Cl secretion and increases PGE2 synthesis and its effect on Isc can be inhibited by prior desensitization to PGE2 or by prior addition of indomethacin. The above results indicate that BK stimulates active Cl secretion in both small and large intestine and suggest that this effect is due to the intracellular release of AA. Although the prostaglandins appear to be the major products of AA metabolism contributing to the secretory response, lipoxygenase products may also play a role.
Unusual Mass-Like Appearance of Tuberculous Osteomyelitis
Authors: Mecit Kantarci, Bulent Karaman, C Cinar Basekim, Mehmet Incedayi, Hakan Mutlu, Onur Sildiroglu, Sukru Yildirim, Suat Unver, Esref Kizilkaya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 33-year-old woman with chronic tuberculosis was referred to our service with swelling and pain at her right elbow. A lytic lesion in the right distal humerus was found on radiographic examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed with suspicion of a lytic tumor, and there was a hypointense lytic mass on T1-weighted images with soft tissue involvement and mild enhancement after contrast administration. Anterior and lateral bone scans with Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) revealed increased uptake in only the right distal humerus. The diagnosis was caseous granulomatous osteomyelitis obtained by pathologic examination of the biopsy from the lesion.
Attenuated Allergic Airway Inflammation in gp91phox KO Mice is Due to Altered Dendritic Cell Function
Authors: C.M. Sevin, D.C. Newcomb, M.M. Huckabee, K. Goleniewska, T.S. Blackwell, R.S. Peebles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Anaesthetic waste gas scavenging systems.
Authors: R J Armstrong, E J Kershaw, S P Bourne, L Strunin
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The Department of Health and Social Security has recently recommended that waste anaesthetic scavenging systems should be installed to reduce pollution in operating theatres. Three passive and two active systems were compared to see how effectively they reduced concentrations of halothane in the atmosphere. All five systems reduced halothane levels significantly, the combination of an active system and semiclosed circuitry being the most effective. All obvious leaks from equipment were controlled in this study, but normally such leaks contribute significantly to atmospheric pollution. Some of the benefits of a scavenging system may be lost if gases can still escape through leaks.
Autoimmunity and risk assessment.
Authors: M I Luster, P P Simeonova, R Gallucci, J Matheson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Among the issues dealing with identifying potential adverse immunologic effects (i.e., suppression, hypersensitivity, or autoimmunity) associated with xenobiotic exposure, general agreement exists among the regulatory and pharmaceutical communities that predictive tests for autoimmunity are in most need of development in order to improve risk assessment. The estimation of risk (i.e., the probability of a deleterious effect resulting from exposure) involves both the qualitative evaluation of whether a hazard exists and the quantitative evaluation for determining an acceptable level of exposure in humans. Unless adequate human data are available, which is uncommon, this is based on animal studies. Although animal models exist to study autoimmune processes, these models do not readily lend themselves to interpretation in the risk assessment process due, for the most part, to the complexity of autoimmune disease(s), as they are multifactorial and exhibit genetic heterogeneity in humans. To improve the risk assessment process, researchers must develop and validate animal models that not only incorporate mechanistic information into the assessment process but also allow for consideration of potent genetic, physiologic, and environmental influences.
Impact factors need to be improved
Authors: R. West
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Because the number of citations per article is widely used to rank journals, institutions, papers, and scientists we should welcome Eugene Garfield's suggestions for improving the validity of this simple ratio.1 The final sentence of the summary of Garfield's article, however, hardly fits the title and finds little support in the rest of the article. While good attracts good (Nobel prizewinners work with Nobel prizewinners), we would expect …
Nicotine gum may aid weaning process
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1980)

United States smokers who want to go cold turkey may, like their counterparts in Europe and Canada, someday be able to obtain prescriptions for nicotine chewing gum from their physicians. But the gum may be helpful only to certain smokers, and its role in facilitating cigarette withdrawal may be less straightforward than that of simple nicotine replacement.  The gum, manufactured by AB Leo, Helsingborg, Sweden, and distributed by Dow Chemical Company, will soon undergo clinical tests by UCLA's Murray E. Jarvik, MD, PhD, and Nina G. Schneider, PhD, under a four-year, $138,000 grant from the National Institute of Drug Abuse.  Previous research has shown that the gum produces variable blood nicotine levels only roughly comparable with those obtained when smoking and that the satisfaction it affords a particular chewer seems unrelated to his plasma nicotine level. Because the gum can produce plasma nicotine levels several times greater than those produced
Germany allows restricted access to preimplantation genetic testing
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The German parliament has passed a law that allows preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of embryos after in vitro fertilisation if the parents have a strong likelihood of passing on a defect or if the chances of a miscarriage or stillbirth are high for genetic reasons. 

The law makes counselling before PGD obligatory and says that an interdisciplinary ethics committee has to agree each case.

MPs were asked to take a free vote on the law on 7 July after a long and emotional debate. A majority of 326 versus 260 voted for the law. In contrast to many other European …
Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment 0·1% vs. betamethasone 17-valerate 0·1% in the treatment of chronic paronychia: an unblinded randomized study
Authors: D. Rigopoulos, S. Gregoriou, E. Belyayeva, G. Larios, G. Kontochristopoulos, A. Katsambas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Recent studies have established the pivotal role of irritants and allergens in development of chronic paronychia and the significant improvement with corticosteroid therapy.The objective of this randomized, unblinded, comparative study was to compare the efficacy of tacrolimus ointment 0.1% vs. betamethasone 17-valerate 0.1% in the treatment of chronic paronychia.Forty-five patients with chronic paronychia were randomized 1:1:1 to apply twice daily either betamethasone 17-valerate 0.1% or tacrolimus 0.1% ointment or emollient. Protective measures were counselled to all patients. Treatment duration was 3 weeks and patients were followed for an additional 6 weeks.Eight patients in the betamethasone group were considered as cured, two as improved and four as nonresponders at the end of the treatment period. Thirteen patients in the tacrolimus group were considered as cured and one as improved at the end of the treatment period. Nine patients in the emollient group were considered as stable and six failed to respond. Both betamethasone and tacrolimus groups presented statistically significantly greater cure or improvement rates when compared with the emollient group (P<0.001).Tacrolimus ointment appears to be a more efficacious agent than betamethasone 17-valerate or placebo for the treatment of chronic paronychia.
Current Concepts in Surgery: A Clinical Interpretation of Basic Knowledge
Authors: Joseph C. Darin
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This book is a collection of ten reports concerning subjects of interest to all surgeons, surgical residents, and undergraduate students. Each chapter is written by an expert in his own sphere of interest. The first chapter concerning physical instrumentation is particularly well written and should have special interest to those beginning a tour in the research laboratory. Written in clear, concise language, it can be understood even by those with a meager knowledge of electronics. The chapter on staphylococcal disease, by the editor, Dr. Davis, discusses his own changing concepts of this intriguing problem facing all surgeons. Anyone interested in peptic ulcer disease will enjoy reading the review on the physiologic approach to this disorder. The historical review of the surgical approach to the peptic ulcer patient helps us appreciate the controversies that prevail. The chapters concerning respiratory physiology and pancreatic physiology bring us up to date on the many
Animal models for peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis
Authors: Frank Schwarz, Anton Sculean, Steven P. Engebretson, Jürgen Becker, Martin Sager
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2015)

Abstract The treatment of infectious diseases affecting osseointegrated implants in function has become a demanding issue in implant dentistry. Since the early 1990s, preclinical data from animal studies have provided important insights into the etiology, pathogenesis and therapy of peri‐implant diseases. Established lesions in animals have shown many features in common with those found in human biopsy material. The current review focuses on animal studies, employing different models to induce peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis.
The Detection of Depression and the Financing of Medical Care-Reply
Authors: Kenneth B. Wells
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  Dr Cross and Mr Zimmerman are addressing the issue of how to change clinicians' practices to improve the appropriateness of care, especially for depressed patients. Dr Cross calls for comprehensive and standardized medical records, while Dr Zimmerman points out the potential value of his own patient-report measure of depressive disorder.  For screening for depression, we think that a two-stage procedure, such as the one we used in the Medical Outcomes Study, is probably more realistic in most general medical practices than screening all patients with a diagnostic instrument, especially if one wishes to screen for any conditions other than depression.1In the Medical Outcomes Study, we used an eight-item self-report screener (taking about 2 minutes to complete) to identify patients with a high probability of having current depressive disorder and then used a diagnostic instrument to identify depression in those who were positive on the first-stage screener.
An Isolated Total Cholesterol Level Is Inadequate
Authors: Richard C. Keniston
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In her commentary on cholesterol screening, Ms Merz<sup>1</sup>discusses the need for lipoprotein analysis, in addition to total cholesterol measurements. As a military pathologist, I have been involved with autopsies on four middle-aged men who have died of acute myocardial infarction while exercising. None of these men has had a total cholesterol level greater than 6.21 mmol/L by the Lipid Research Clinics method,<sup>2</sup>although the two with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) values both had cholesterol/HDL-C ratios greater than 4.00, including the one with a total cholesterol level greater than 5.17 mmol/L. Since most patients who die of cardiovascular disease at this medical center also do not have elevated total cholesterol levels, I began to question the reliability of isolated total cholesterol measurements. First, I looked at 1-month mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease who survived to admission and who had total cholesterol levels measured. Only
A causative relationship exists between eosinophils and the development of allergic pulmonary pathologies
Authors: N.A. Lee, H.H. Shen, J.R. Crosby, E.M. Hines, M.T. Borchers, M.P. McGarry, S.I. Ochkur, T.L. Biechele, K.R. O'Neill, T.L. Ansay, D.C. Colbert, S.A. Cormier, J.P. Justice, J.J. Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Creation, cannulation and survival of arteriovenous fistulae: Data from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study
Authors: Hugh C. Rayner, Ronald L. Pisoni, Brenda W. Gillespie, David A. Goodkin, Takashi Akiba, Tadao Akizawa, Akira Saito, Eric W. Young, Friedrich K. Port
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Muscular Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: E. DOUGLAS WIGLE, YVES MARQUIS, PIERRE AUGER
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Two types of intraventricular pressure difference within the left ventricle of man are described. The first type was encountered in eight consecutive patients with muscular subaortic stenosis in whom the outflow tract pressure distal to the stenosis was low and equal to the aortic systolic pressure, whereas all ventricular pressures proximal to the stenosis, including that just inside the mitral valve (the initial inflow tract pressure) were high. The second type was encountered in five of 10 patients with nonobstructive cardiomyopathy when a cardiac catheter was advanced to the left ventricular wall where it became entrapped or imbedded in cardiac muscle in systole and recorded a high ventricular pressure that was believed to reflect subendocardial intramyocardial tissue pressure. In this second type of intraventricular pressure difference, the initial inflow tract pressure, as well as all truly intracavitary pressures, were low and equal to the aortic systolic pressure. By defining two types of intraventricular pressure difference, the recent controversy as to the nature of such pressure differences in man may be resolved, and the obstructive nature of muscular subaortic stenosis reaffirmed.