tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A teacher remembered: Gerald Tresidder
Authors: Kieran J Moriarty
Journal: BMJ (2005)

disasters be invested in strengthening preparedness. 8uch expertise exists in this field, and programmes like the Leaders courses can enhance capacity to develop disaster reduction programmes by increasing strategic management, leadership, and analytical skills of the participants. 9Governments in Latin America now help their neighbours when they are hit by hurricanes and other natural disasters.Similar capacity is urgently needed in other parts of the world.Disasters undermine and reverse development, particularly in fragile states, where some indicators for the millennium development goals are in decline. 10dequate funding is needed to make progress and we should encourage donor countries to achieve the Monterrey consensus of providing 0.7% of their gross domestic product as development aid to the poorest countries. 11New ways must be found to coordinate and invest development and humanitarian funds in fragile states, so that communities at risk can receive adequate support to improve their livelihoods and reduce their vulnerabilities.This tsunami hit the poor the hardest.The impact of disasters reflects the way societies choose their priorities and allocate their resources.The choices of the international community can substantially reduce the risks and impact of such disasters.
Androgen-Dependent Neurodegeneration by Polyglutamine-Expanded Human Androgen Receptor in Drosophila
Authors: Ken-ichi Takeyama, Saya Ito, Ayako Yamamoto, Hiromu Tanimoto, Takashi Furutani, Hirotaka Kanuka, Masayuki Miura, Tetsuya Tabata, Shigeaki Kato
Journal: Neuron (2002)
SEMANTICS OR THE TYRANNY OF WORDS
Authors: Henry Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I note in the January 18 issue ofThe JournalDr. Ramsay Spillman's comments on the use of initials in his own specialty and further his distaste for the use of EKG, though as he states "out of his own field." To him it suggests a Teutonic flavor. I was one of the earlier students of the electrocardiograph in this country and the first to establish a modern cardiac laboratory in the state of New Jersey. It never occurred to me, however, that there was a Teutonic flavor to the initials EKG, for as a matter of fact the K might as well be Dutch. My knowledge of this language is practically nil, but I depend on the fact that while temporarily acting as ship's surgeon on a Dutch liner the sign on my office door read "Dokter." We all have our antipathies, and I mention here
Asthma and atopy – a total genome scan for susceptibility genes
Authors: A. Haagerup, T. Bjerke, P. O. Schiøtz, H. G. Binderup, R. Dahl, T. A. Kruse
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Allergic asthma is an increasingly common disease of complex inheritance. Several studies have suggested candidate regions, but genetic heterogeneity, ethnic differences and varying study designs may in part explain the lack of identified and confirmed susceptibility genes. Investigation of different populations will further clarify the topic. We therefore evaluated allergic asthma and increased total and specific IgE in 39, 45 and 57 sib‐pairs from 100 Danish allergy families. Methods: Affected sib‐pairs meeting a narrow phenotype definition were selected for the three phenotypes atopy, allergic asthma and increased total IgE. We performed a total genome scan using 446 microsatellite markers and obtained nonparametric linkage results from the MAPMAKER/SIBS computer program. Results: Our study revealed four candidate regions (MLS &gt; 2) on chromosome 1p36, 3q21–q22, 5q31 and 6p24–p22, and 15 candidate regions (1 &lt; MLS &lt; 2) that may contain susceptibility genes for asthma and atopy. We did not find linkage to the candidate genes TNF‐β, FcER1β and Il4R‐α, except for weak support for linkage of the asthma phenotype to TNF‐β (MLS = 1.18). Conclusions: We found evidence for two new asthma and atopy loci, 1p36 and 3q21–q22, and supported linkage in the Danish population to seven previously reported candidate regions.
Effectiveness of monovalent human rotavirus vaccine against admission to hospital for acute rotavirus diarrhoea in South African children: a case-control study
Authors: Michelle J Groome, Nicola Page, Margaret M Cortese, Jocelyn Moyes, Heather J Zar, Constant N Kapongo, Christine Mulligan, Ralph Diedericks, Cheryl Cohen, Jessica A Fleming, Mapaseka Seheri, Jeffrey Mphahlele, Sibongile Walaza, Kathleen Kahn, Meera Chhagan, A Duncan Steele, Umesh D Parashar, Elizabeth R Zell, Shabir A Madhi
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)
Reviewing RAWP. Variations in admission rates: implications for equitable allocation of resources.
Authors: G Bevan, R Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The review of the Resource Allocation Working Party (RAWP) formula by the National Health Service Management Board has considered the method used to account for cross boundary flows between health authorities. There is no consensus on how this should be done subregionally, as it raises the unresolved problem of the best method of estimating the size of catchment populations. Different methods produce different population sizes when the admission rates of individuals living in different districts vary. The National Health Service/Department of Health and Social Security acute services working group on performance indicators recently considered the assumptions made by different methods in terms of admission thresholds set by hospital clinicians. More complicated methods of assessing catchment areas seem to offer little advantage over the simplest method, but none of the methods answer the underlying questions of what truly determines admission rates and whether higher admission rates are better than lower ones. Empirical research into variations in admission rates and their relation to outcomes is important for determining the fair allocation of resources in future.
Tricuspid Stenosis
Authors: THOMAS KILLIP, DANIEL S. LUKAS
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Physiologic criteria for the diagnosis of tricuspid stenosis have not been satisfactorily established. In an attempt to define these criteria the pressure gradients across the tricuspid valve during right ventricular diastole were analyzed in 10 patients with tricuspid stenosis and compared with the gradients in a group of patients who did not have this lesion. The diagnostic importance of the mean gradient is emphasized. The hemodynamic abnormalities associated with the tricuspid stenosis are presented and discussed.
Predictive factors of advanced interventional procedures in a multicentre severe postpartum haemorrhage study
Authors: Etienne Gayat, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Olivier Morel, Matthias Rossignol, Jean Mantz, Armelle Nicolas-Robin, Nathalie Nathan-Denizot, Jean-Yves Lefrant, Frédéric J. Mercier, Emmanuel Samain, Yann Fargeaudou, Emmanuel Barranger, Marie-Josèphe Laisné, Pierre-Henri Bréchat, Dominique Luton, Ingrid Ouanounou, Patricia Appa Plaza, Claire Broche, Didier Payen, Alexandre Mebazaa
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
Structure-directing star-shaped block copolymers: Supramolecular vesicles for the delivery of anticancer drugs
Authors: Chuan Yang, Shao Qiong Liu, Shrinivas Venkataraman, Shu Jun Gao, Xiyu Ke, Xin Tian Chia, James L. Hedrick, Yi Yan Yang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Influence of well-defined mineral fibers on proliferating cells.
Authors: F Tilkes, E G Beck
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The effects of well-defined asbestos and man-made mineral fibers, as well as glass and synthetic fluoroamphibole, on phagocytizing permanent rat tumor cells were tested. The following parameters were compared: cell proliferation as determined by cell count and 3H-thymidine incorporation, RNA synthesis by 3H-uridine uptake, protein synthesis by incorporation of 3H-labeled amino acids, protein content and plasma membrane permeability by release of lactic dehydrogenase. The dosage of most of the dusts was estimated gravimetrically, but for some dusts also numerically. Because of the wide range of different fibers lengths, diameters and specific weights, it was sometimes difficult to compare chemically and physically differing fiber fractions with the same fiber counts. In some cases, resulting weights are so different that a direct comparison of the conclusions is impossible. The results with fibers of diverse sources showed the same trends: the toxicity of fibers increases with increasing length and dose. In this test system we found an inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis. Protein synthesis as measured by amino acid uptake per total cell culture decreased, but the protein content of the single cell increased as determined by the Lowry method. The increase of plasma membrane permeability as determined by lactic dehydrogenase was also dependent on fiber length and concentration. Generally the thinner the fiber, the greater the toxicity when gravimetrical dosage and the same length distributions are employed. Beyond that we can state that the toxicity of fibers from different sources with similar fiber dimensions is similar. One of the glass fiber fractions has a comparable geometry (length, diameter) to the UICC fraction of chrysotile and exhibits the same high toxicity.
Substituting Diagnostic Services
Authors: John M. Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Hospitals' patterns of ancillary service use were examined to determine whether new technologies replace older, more outmoded technologies, and to explore the factors associated with adoption of newer services and abandonment of older services. Annual inpatient use of five pairs of ancillary services was measured for 1978 through 1980 at 63 hospitals in five regions. The diagnostic test pairs consisted of one well-established diagnostic test and one newer service that could largely substitute for the older one and included (1) oral cholecystogram and gallbladder ultrasound; (2) brain scan and computed tomographic head scan; (3) skull roentgenogram and brain scan; (4) bone survey and bone scan; and (5) blood type/cross and type/screen. Use of gallbladder ultrasound increased significantly after its adoption, with small decreases in the use of oral cholecystogram, its paired test. For the other newer tests examined, increased use was not accompanied by significantly decreased use of the paired older service. The strongest predictors of change in patterns of test use were hospital size, number of residencies, occupancy, urban location, and the proportion of specialists on staff. We conclude that diffusion of new diagnostic services occurs gradually and often without concomitant decrease in older, outmoded services; new services generally seem to complement rather than substitute for older ones. Larger hospitals with a greater teaching commitment make a faster transition to the use of new technologies and the abandonment of older ones.
Hormone-Mediated Watery Diarrhea in a Family with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasms
Authors: DAVID F. HUTCHEON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

A father and son each presented with severe watery diarrhea. The son was found to have a pancreatic islet-cell tumor associated with the pancreatic cholera syndrome, as well as a parathyroid adenoma. The father was found to have multiple islet-cell adenomas and the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Pancreatic tumor tissue from each patient contained detectable gastrin and vasoactive intestinal peptide; however, a much higher gastrin concentration was found in the tumor tissue from the father and a much higher vasoactive intestinal peptide content in the tumor tissue from the son. Thus, watery diarrhea may be mediated by different hormones in families having multiple endocrine neoplasia; the precise cause of the diarrheal syndrome should be defined to ensure the proper therapy.
THE CASE AGAINST AXIS-TRACTION FORCEPS
Authors: JOHN COOKE HIRST
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The original indication for the use of axis-traction forceps, to secure engagement in the pelvic inlet of a floating head, is now almost universally and very properly condemned. The highest application now considered is when the head is wedged in but not through the superior strait. For at least 200 years it has been recognized that if the ordinary forceps were applied to a head high up in the pelvic canal and traction made in the ordinary way, a great deal of the force applied is lost against the symphysis and anterolateral pelvic walls. To obviate this, tapes or rods fastened into the fenestra of the forceps were used, to exert a downward traction, and force the head to move in the axis or direction of the pelvic canal.  MODELS IN COMMON USE  Of the multitude of instruments devised to attain this end of proper traction, three are in common
Advance prediction of transthoracic impedance in human defibrillation and cardioversion: importance of impedance in determining the success of low-energy shocks.
Authors: R E Kerber, C Kouba, J Martins, K Kelly, R Low, R Hoyt, D Ferguson, L Bailey, P Bennett, F Charbonnier
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The purposes of this study were to evaluate a method that predicts transthoracic impedance in advance of defibrillating shocks in humans and to assess the importance of transthoracic impedance in low-energy defibrillation. Via defibrillator electrodes we applied 31 kHz current to the chest during the defibrillator charge cycle, before the defibrillating shock was actually delivered. The current flow was limited by transthoracic impedance; a microprocessor monitored the predischarge current flow and determined the predischarge impedance by calibration against known resistance values. Actual impedance to the defibrillating shock was also determined and compared with the predicted impedance. With this approach we predicted impedance in 19 patients who received 66 shocks for ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. Predicted impedance (y) correlated very well with actual impedance (x):y = .90x + 11.3; r = .97. To determine the importance of impedance in defibrillation and cardioversion, we prospectively gathered data from 96 patients who received shocks of various energies for ventricular or atrial arrhythmias. In patients with high transthoracic impedance (greater than 97 omega), low-energy shocks (less than or equal to 100 J) for ventricular defibrillation had only a 20% success rate as opposed to a 70% success rate for low-energy shocks in patients with low or average impedance (p less than .05). We conclude that transthoracic impedance can be accurately predicted in advance of defibrillation and cardioversion. This method permits the preshock identification of patients with high impedance in whom attempts to defibrillate with low-energy shocks are inappropriate.
Prophylaxis of Isoniazid Neuropathy with Pyridoxine
Authors: H. Blair Carlson, Eleanor M. Anthony, William F. Russell, Gardner Middlebrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

SHORTLY after the introduction of isoniazid in 1952, Pegum1 described a patient who after a week of therapy with this drug complained of "burning feet"; he suggested that induced nicotinic acid deficiency might be the cause. Later, McConnell and Cheetham2 reported a case of "acute pellagra" complicating therapy with isoniazid that responded to nicotinic acid and a preparation containing vitamin B complex. In 1953 Jones and Jones3 presented 2 cases of peripheral neuropathy in isoniazid-treated patients; 1 of these had signs of pellagra that responded to nicotinamide, after failing to improve on thiamine. These authors also suggested that pyridoxine (vitamin . . .
Reversibility by Temporal-Lobe Resection of the Behavioral Abnormalities of Temporal-Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Murray A. Falconer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Aggression and psychosis were frequent preoperative complications in over 250 patients with temporal-lobe epilepsy who underwent unilateral temporal lobectomy. Pathological findings in the resected specimens, which included the hippocampus and the lateral amygdala, were mesial temporal sclerosis in about 1/2, hamartomas in 1/4, miscellaneous lesions such as scars and infarcts in 1/10, and nonspecific lesions in the remainder. Follow-up evaluations after six to 20 years were carried out independently by psychiatrists. In a series of 100 patients, 27 had aggression, which was relieved most often after operation in patients who had mesial temporal sclerosis (seven of 13). In the first 100 patients psychosis complicated long standing temporal-lobe epilepsy due to many substrates in 12 cases and was benefited by operation in seven. When a schizophrenia-like state supervenes, the substrate is likely to be a hamartoma. In patients with schizophrenia, operation relieved epilepsy, but the psychosis persisted although to a lesser degree. (N Engl J Med 289:451–455, 1973)
Rivaroxaban reduced stroke and systemic embolism compared with warfarin in nonvalvular AF
Authors: Liviu Klein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club17 January 2012Rivaroxaban reduced stroke and systemic embolism compared with warfarin in nonvalvular AFLiviu Klein, MD, MSLiviu Klein, MD, MSUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA (L.K.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-02003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationPatel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:883-91. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21830957Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: Hematology: Neurology: References1 Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1139-51. [PMID: 19717844] Google Scholar2 del Zoppo GJ, Eliasziw M. New options in anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:952-3. [PMID: 21830960] Google Scholar3 Eerenberg ES, Kamphuisen PW, Sijpkens MK, et al. Reversal of rivaroxaban and dabigatran by prothrombin complex concentrate: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy subjects. Circulation. 2011;124:1573-9. [PMID: 21900088] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA (L.K.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 January 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoApixaban reduced stroke and systemic embolism compared with warfarin in atrial fibrillation Liviu Klein Metrics 17 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 2Page: JC1-3KeywordsAnticoagulantsAtrial fibrillationHemorrhageHemorrhagic strokeMyocardial infarctionStrokeThrombin ePublished: 17 January 2012 Issue Published: 17 January 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
TWO CASES OF STERILITY AND IMPOTENCE FOLLOWING THE · LEFT LATERAL OPERATION FOR STONE.
Authors: ORVILLE HORWITZ
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Two cases of impotence and sterility coming under the care of the writer were produced by the performance of the left lateral operation for stone, and it is presumed that their histories would not be uninteresting to the profession, and possibly prove an additional reason for resorting by preference to the super pubic operation. <i>Case 1</i>—G. L., clerk, age 29. Married. First seen November, 1891. States that he was in perfect health as far as his sexual functions were concerned, up to the spring of 1890, when suffering from stone in the bladder, he was operated upon by one of the prominent surgeons of the city, who performed on him the lateral operation for lithotomy. He states that the stone was very large and that it required a good deal of force and trouble to remove it. After the operation he remained an invalid for the space of six weeks;
Precapillary Servo Control of Blood Pressure and Postcapillary Adjustment of Flow to Tissue Metabolic Status
Authors: Karlfried Groebe
Journal: Circulation (1996)

There are several shortcomings in current understanding of how the microvasculature maintains tissue homeostasis. Presently unresolved issues include (1) integration of the potentially conflicting needs for capillary perfusion and hydrostatic pressure regulation, (2) an understanding of signal transmission pathways for conveying information about tissue energetic status from undersupplied tissue sites to the arterioles, (3) accounting for the experimentally observed interrelations between precapillary and postcapillary resistances, and (4) an explanation of how precise local adjustment of perfusion to metabolic demands is achieved.A novel conceptualization of how local microvascular control mechanisms are coordinated is proposed, according to which blood flow is adjusted to the metabolic needs of the tissue by the venules. Arteriolar action is merely called on for controlling capillary pressure through myogenic response and shear stress-induced vasodilation. A mathematical model of this theory is introduced and evaluated using well-established experimental data from the literature on regulating mechanisms of microvessel diameters exclusively. The model results demonstrate the suggested mode of microvascular operation to be functional and efficient under conditions present in vivo. Moreover, the predicted vascular responses are large enough to cover the entire range observed in exercising skeletal muscle during adjustment of perfusion to higher performance levels.Precapillary pressure regulation combined with postcapillary adjustment of perfusion to tissue metabolic status is suitable to resolve the above shortcomings in our current understanding of microvascular control. With mathematical modeling based on experimental data, this mode of microvascular operation is shown to be functional and effective in controlling muscle microcirculation.
Epigenetic Changes Following Epicutaneous Immunotherapy in Peanut Sensitized Mice
Authors: Lucie Mondoulet, Jorg Tost, Emilie Puteaux, Mélanie Ligouis, Véronique Dhelft, Camille Plaquet, Christophe Dupont, Pierre Henri Benhamou
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Fibrin-mediated Protection Against Infection-stimulated Immunopathology
Authors: Lawrence L. Johnson, Kiera N. Berggren, Frank M. Szaba, Wangxue Chen, Stephen T. Smiley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Fibrin, a product of the blood coagulation cascade, accompanies many type 1 immune responses, including delayed-type hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, and graft rejection. In those settings, fibrin is thought to exacerbate inflammation and disease. Here, we evaluate roles for coagulation during infection with Toxoplasma gondii, a pathogen whose control requires robust type 1 immunity. We establish that fibrin prevents infection-stimulated blood loss, thereby performing a protective function that is essential for survival. Remarkably, fibrin does not simply protect against vascular damage caused directly by the infectious agent, but rather, protects against hemorrhage evoked by interferon-γ, a critical mediator of type 1 immunity. This finding, to our knowledge, is the first to document a beneficial role for coagulation during type 1 immunity, and suggests that fibrin deposition protects host tissue from collateral damage caused by the immune system as it combats infection.
Book Review African American Bioethics: Culture, Race, and Identity Edited by Lawrence Prograis, Jr., and Edmund D. Pellegrino. 169 pp. Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press, 2007. $44.95 (cloth); $26.95 (paper). 978-1-58901-163-2 (cloth); 978-1-58901-164-9 (paper).
Authors: Jeffrey Michael Clair
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)