tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Sheffield File-Cutters
Authors: J. C. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1857)

Physician to the Sheffield Pubic Dispensary, etc. IT is my intention to pursue the same course with the Alecutters as with the Sheffield grinders, and to consider only the disease which arises in consequence of the peculiar occupation of cutting files.A file goes through several processes before it is completed.It is first forged, then ground, then cut, and, lastly, it is hardened.My present remarks will be eonfined to the disease which is the result of cutting files, and which is known as the file- cutters' disease.Files vary in size and in weight Some files a only an inch long; others are at the least forty inches.Excluding from our present consideration the " ' file-grinders' and" file-hardeners"' I find from retums kinily saupplied to me by Mr. John Warren, the intelligent secretary of the file trade, that at present about two thousand eight hundred men, women, boys, and girls, are engaged in Sheffield in the manu- facture of files: and of these, two thousand are employed in cutting files.Boys frequently commence their trade at nine and ten years of age.During the process of cutting, the file is placed upon a bed of lead, which rests upon an anvil.The quantity of lead con- sumed varies with the size of the file.In cutting " rasps", the workman will use about three quarters of a pound of lead in a week; in cutting the large three-square files, more than a pound will be used in the saae period.The lead may be collected from the be on which the files are cut in considerable quantities; it is then in the form of a very fine black powder.The files are cut with a small chisel; and the ham- mers which are employed will vary in weight from one ounce to eight or nine pounds.
A Case of Amyloid Tumor of the Stomach
Authors: K. Ikeda, H. Murayama
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

A 68-year-old female was admitted to hospital with a 5 month history of epigastric distress. Radiological and gastrofiberscopic examinations revealed a tumor of the stomach which was strongly suggestive of gastric carcinoma. Microscopic examination of the removed stomach, however, revealed no tumors in the stomach, but instead, there a localized amyloidosis was found in the antrum, the patient died of hepatic failure 10 months after the operation. Autopsy demonstrated no evidence of systemic deposit of amyloid substance. The amyloid tumor of the stomach is rare, and the present case is believed to be the fifth of the reported cases of this lesion and, at the same time, the first case in which the solitary nature of amyloidosis was verified at autopsy.
Environmental exposures and asthma morbidity in children living in urban neighborhoods
Authors: E. C. Matsui
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract A substantial disparity in asthma prevalence and morbidity among urban children compared with their nonurban counterparts has been recognized for more than two decades. Because of the nature of urban neighborhoods, pest allergens, such as cockroach and mouse, are present in high concentrations in US urban housing and have both repeatedly been linked to asthma morbidity in sensitized children. In addition, there is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that concentrations of many pollutants are higher indoors than outdoors in both US and European urban communities and that exposures to indoor pollutants such as particulate matter ( PM ) and nitrogen dioxide ( NO 2 ) are independently associated with symptoms in children with asthma. Although environmental interventions are challenging to implement, when they reduce relevant indoor allergen and pollutant exposures, they are associated with clear improvements in asthma. Other modifiable risk factors in urban childhood asthma that have emerged include dietary and nutritional factors. Overweight and obese children, for example, may be more susceptible to the pulmonary effects of pollutant exposure. Insufficiency of vitamin D and folate has also emerged as modifiable risk factors for asthma morbidity in children. The identification of these modifiable risk factors for urban childhood asthma morbidity offers a ripe opportunity for intervention.
RELATION BETWEEN PLASMA GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 LEVELS AND TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS OF CORONARY PLAQUE IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Takayuki Mitsuhashi, Kiyoshi Hibi, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Kenichiro Saka, Nobuhiko Maejima, Mitsuaki Endo, Tsunematsu Takashi, Tomohiko Shigemasa, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Alpha-interferon therapy in patients with HCV and HGV coinfection: changes in quantitative HCV and HGV RNA levels
Authors: G. Ramella, G.P. Benetti, R. Merlini, E. Gucciardo, C. Masciadri, M. Fasola, G. Portera, M.L. Ribero, A. Tagger
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Flucytosine and False Elevation of Serum Creatinine Level
Authors: ELLEN K. MITCHELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1984Flucytosine and False Elevation of Serum Creatinine LevelELLEN K. MITCHELL, M.D.ELLEN K. MITCHELL, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-2-278_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: It has recently come to our attention that flucytosine can produce a falsely elevated serum creatinine.A 63-year-old white man had been treated with steroids for a blood dyscrasia. He presented in January 1984 with a 1-month history of headache, fever, eye pain, confusion and dysarthria. He was diagnosed as having cryptococcal meningitis and was treated with amphotericin B (0.4 mg/kg body weight •d) and flucytosine (125 mg/kg body weight •d). During his treatment blood samples for serum creatinine were run simultaneously on both the ACA (Dupont Instruments, Wilmington, Delaware) and EKTACHEM (Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, New...References1. TOFFALETTI J, BLOOSER N, HALL T, SMITH S, and TOMPKINS D. An automated dry-slide enzymatic method evaluated for measurement of creatinine in serum. Clin Chem. 1983;29:684-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ACA Test Methodology. Wilmington, Delaware; The DuPont Company: 1982. Google Scholar3. Kodak EKTACHEM Test Methodology. Rochester, New York; Eastman Kodak Company: 1983. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ELLEN K. MITCHELL, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIssues of Acute Kidney Injury Staging and Management in Sepsis and Critical Illness: A Narrative ReviewPoint of care testing provides an accurate measurement of creatinine, anion gap, and osmolal gap in ex-vivo whole blood samples with nitromethaneRenal Management in the Critically Ill PatientChronic Kidney Disease and Estimates of Kidney Function in HIV Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort StudyNew Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury and the Cardio-renal SyndromeToxicité rénale des anticancéreuxToxicité rénale des anticancéreuxDrugs Causing Interference with Laboratory TestsEktachemFlucytosine Interference with Serum Creatinine DeterminationsAcute Renal Failure 1 August 1984Volume 101, Issue 2Page: 278-278KeywordsAmphotericinBloodBody weightCreatinineCryptococcal meningitisFeversHeadachesPatient Protection and Affordable Care ActSteroids ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Acquired Hypogammaglobulinemia in an Adult
Authors: Christopher M. Martin, Robert S. Gordon, Norman B. McCullough
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

SINCE the first descriptions of the syndromes of congenital and acquired hypogammaglobulinemia,1 2 3 ¶ the acquired disease has been reported in 19 adults.4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 The syndrome consists of extreme susceptibility to infection, low to undetectable levels of circulating antibodies and gamma globulins, immunologic unresponsiveness to antigenic challenge and clinical improvement with replacement gamma-globulin therapy.This paper presents the findings in the oldest reported living patient with the syndrome of acquired hypogammaglobulinemia, together with studies of her immune mechanisms and gamma-globulin metabolism.Case ReportR.E.H., a 63-year-old secretary, was admitted to the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health on July 20, 1954, . . .
Gastro-oesophageal reflux and asthma
Authors: S K FIELD
Journal: Thorax (2001)

We would like to comment on the paper by Coughlan et al on the relationship between medical treatment for reflux oesophagitis and asthma control.1Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) can cause dyspnoea in non-asthmatic patients with normal pulmonary function and bronchial reactivity that improves with antireflux therapy.2 3 Coughlan et al state that we included uncontrolled trials in our analysis.1 This is incorrect.

We identified 12 studies—three uncontrolled, one with an untreated control, and eight controlled.4 We felt, however, that these studies were not amenable to meta-analysis since outcomes varied, different classes and doses of antireflux medications were used, treatment periods ranged from 1 week to 6 months, different diagnostic criteria for GOR and asthma were used, asthma severity differed, and studies were done …
Teen suicide rate rises as prescribing of SSRIs falls, study finds
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Poor communication between primary care trusts and GPs is seriously compromising the safety of patients in England, a group of MPs said this week.In its latest report the House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts also warns that 96% of GPs are failing to report dangerous incidents to the National Patient Safety Agency.For its report, which examines the Department of Health's progress in implementing clinical governance in primary care, the committee had taken evidence from the chief executive of the NHS, the deputy chief medical officer, and the NHS's director general of commissioning.Committee chairman Edward Leigh said, "Too many primary care organisations are paying lip service to the principles of the Department of Health's clinical governance agenda.The lines of communication between the primary care trusts, on the one hand, and their GPs and other healthcare contractors, on the other, are defective."He added: "How can we be confident in the NHS's ability to share learning locally and nationally about what can go wrong in health care when only a tiny proportion of GPs-4%-routinely report patient safety events and incidents to the National Patient Safety Agency?"In response to a series of high profile problems in the 1990s, including the Shipman murders and events at the Bristol Royal Infirmary, the health department introduced its 10 year programme to boost patient safety.The centrepiece was the clinical governance system.The new report suggests, however, that clinical governance is not as well established in primary care as in secondary care.The committee says that this is due largely to the complexity of the role of primary care trusts in commissioning and providing care and to the independence of contractors delivering health care, particularly GPs.The Committee of Public Accounts' 47th report of the current session can be found at www. parliament.uk/pac.Primary� care pay�s only� "lip service" to clinical governance, MPs say� UK NEWS Regulator gives green light to research using human-animal embryos, p 531 WoRld NEWS US me�ical authorities are accuse� o�� ��ailing to act over �octors in �uantanamo, p 53� US me�ical authorities are accuse� o�� ��ailing to act over �octors in �uantanamo, p 53� , p 53� bmj.comNumber o�� bipolar �isor�er �iagnoses leaps among US young people Number o�� bipolar �isor�er �iagnoses leaps among US young people
Restore the medical superintendent?
Authors: S T H Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1980)

arm into the shoulder but not the praecordium and was accompanied by an episode of vomiting.It was relieved only by diamorphine.Physical examination was normal but later the patient became mildly pyrexial, and serial electrocardiograms and cardiac enzyme assays confirmed an inferior myocardial infarct.The patient made an uncomplicated recovery but has subsequently developed classical symptoms of angina.This patient presented in a busy accident and emergency department and was admitted only because of the severity of her pain.This case emphasises the difficulty of diagnosing atypical cardiac pain.
Hospital-wide Restriction of Clindamycin: Effect on the Incidence of Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea and Cost
Authors: Michael W. Climo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Widespread antibiotic use has been associated with increases in both bacterial resistance and nosocomial infection. Objective: To characterize the impact of hospital-wide clindamycin restriction on the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and on antimicrobial prescribing practices. Design: Prospective, observational cohort study. Setting: University-affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Patients: Hospitalized patients with symptomatic diarrhea. Measurements: Clinical data on individual patients and data on antibiotic use were obtained from hospital pharmacy records. Hospital-wide use of antimicrobial agents was monitored. Isolates of C. difficile underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular typing. Results: An outbreak of C. difficile-associated diarrhea was caused by a clonal isolate of clindamycin-resistant C. difficile and was associated with increased use of clindamycin. Hospital-wide requirement of approval by an infectious disease consultant of clindamycin use led to an overall reduction in clindamycin use, a sustained reduction in the mean number of cases of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (11.5 cases/month compared with 3.33 cases/month; P < 0.001), and an increase in clindamycin susceptibility among C. difficile isolates (9% compared with 61%; P < 0.001). A parallel increase was noted in the use of and costs associated with other antibiotics with antianaerobic activity, including cefotetan, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and imipenem-cilastin. The hospital realized overall cost savings as a result of the decreased incidence of C. difficile-associated diarrhea. Conclusions: Hospital formulary restriction of clindamycin is an effective way to decrease the number of infections due to C. difficile. It can also lead to a return in clindamycin susceptibility among isolates and can effect cost savings to the hospital.
Processing Speed Deficits in Schizophrenia: Reexamining the Evidence
Authors: Emma E.M. Knowles, Anthony S. David, Abraham Reichenberg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Objective A recent meta-analysis identified processing speed inefficiency as the largest single cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. However, the effect of potential moderator variables, such as medication status and severity of illness, remained unclear. The authors present an extended meta-analysis of processing speed and other specific cognitive functions in schizophrenia and examine the role of potential moderator variables. Method In addition to the studies identified in the original analysis, subsequently published articles were identified via systematic searches of MEDLINE and PsycINFO for the period from May 2006 to January 2009. The authors extracted data for potential moderator variables, including publication year; severity of illness; chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose; and mean IQ, mean age, and sample size for each study. Effect sizes were calculated for all measures, and meta-influence and homogeneity analyses were conducted. Results Eleven studies were added to the original analysis, increasing the schizophrenia sample size from 1,915 to 4,135. The largest effect size was for coding tasks (g=–1.50), followed by category fluency (g=–1.31). However, for coding tasks, variation in effect size magnitude attributable to heterogeneity was substantial. Metaregression analyses indicated that three moderator variables were related to coding task effect size: publication year, IQ difference from comparison subjects, and chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose. There was a difference of 0.8 effect size units between studies with low compared with high chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose. No significant relationships were found between any moderators and the other cognitive tasks included in the meta-analysis. Conclusions The processing speed impairment in schizophrenia is substantially affected by several moderating factors, in particular antipsychotic medication dosage.
Successful Use of a Paracorporeal Left Ventricular Assist Device in Man
Authors: Robert L. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A paracorporeal left ventricular assist device (LVAD) with a capacity to pump 8 L/min of blood was employed in a clinical trial, and this report details the first survivor. A 60-year-old man could not be separated from the pump oxygenator following coronary artery bypass grafting, and, therefore, an LVAD was employed. Almost the entire left ventricular workload was assumed by the mechanical pump so that the myocardium was allowed to rest and recover. The LVAD support was continued for 105 hours. It provided satisfactory total body perfusion with maintenance of good hemodynamics--without serious deleterious effects on hematologic factors. The patient is alive and active without cardiac symptoms 16 months after his operation. The total experience with 13 LVAD implantations warrants continuation of the clinical trials in selected patients.
Endocinch treatment for GORD: where it stands
Authors: Z Mahmood
Journal: Gut (2005)

Pitfalls in diagnosing acute pancreatitisWe thank Jolobe for his letter (Gut 2005;54:1207-8) which mentions the difficulty of establishing the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.We did not address diagnostic tests and medical intensive care treatment of acute pancreatitis in our article, 1 but reviewed the interventional and surgical treatment strategies in acute pancreatitis.There is no doubt that treatment of acute pancreatitis, including organ failure in its early phase, is solely supportive. 2 Due to improvements in inten- sive care medicine, mortality of severe disease has decreased dramatically over the past decades.However, to treat patient adequately, the correct diagnosis has to be made.Therefore, the first step in the diagnostic process of acute pancreatitis is to think of this disease.According to the latest classification from Atlanta, 3 acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable involvement of other regional tissues or remote organ systems.From a clinical point of view, acute upper abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzyme levels are needed to diagnose acute pancreatitis.As pointed out by Jolobe in his letter, acute pancreatitis is still underdiagnosed under certain clinical conditions, including diabetic ketoacidosis, but also in other clinical situations, such as shock of unknown origin, patients under intensive care treatment, as well as rare causes of the disease.As acute pancreatitis can be associated with diabetic ketoacidosis and the association between these two is a two way cause-and-effect relationship, early imaging of the pancreas is recommended in these patients to establish the correct diagnosis.Our article focused on the surgical and interventional treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.
Case Study: Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis
Authors: Dana Dawson, Christopher Conlon
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Lactic acidosis is a rare (1) but serious complication of metformin therapy with a high fatality rate (2). In the majority of reported cases there is a preexisting disease, most often a degree of renal impairment. We present a case of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) where drug interactions (orlistat in the long term and cimetidine over a short period of time) may have potentiated the condition.

A 59-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes for 14 years presented with a history of 3 months of vague abdominal pain and four to five loose bowel movements daily, which worsened over the 4 days before admission to hospital. On the day of admission she reported weakness, dizziness, and blurred vision. Her husband had noticed slurred speech and a reduced level of consciousness.

There was a past history of a healed duodenal ulcer and obesity. She had documented normal renal function 4 months before this admission (urea 5.7 mmol/l and creatinine 105 μmol/l). Her diabetes was well controlled on metformin at 500 mg t.i.d. for the past 8 years. Three months before admission she started orlistat at 120 mg t.i.d., which coincided with the onset of the abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea. During the 4 …
Long-Term Mortality Data From the Balloon Pump–Assisted Coronary Intervention Study (BCIS-1)
Authors: Divaka Perera, Rod Stables, Tim Clayton, Kalpa De Silva, Matthew Lumley, Lucy Clack, Martyn Thomas, Simon Redwood
Journal: Circulation (2012)

There is conflicting evidence on the utility of elective intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Observational series have indicated a reduction in major in-hospital adverse events, although randomized trial evidence does not support this. A recent study has suggested a mortality benefit trend early after PCI, but there are currently no long-term outcome data from randomized trials in this setting.Three hundred one patients with left ventricular impairment (ejection fraction <30%) and severe coronary disease (BCIS-1 jeopardy score ≥8; maximum possible score=12) were randomized to receive PCI with elective IABP support (n=151) or without planned IABP support (n=150). Long-term all-cause mortality was assessed by tracking the databases held at the Office of National Statistics (in England and Wales) and the General Register Office (in Scotland). The groups were balanced in terms of baseline characteristics (left ventricular ejection fraction, 23.6%; BCIS-1 jeopardy score, 10.4) and the amount and type of revascularization performed. Mortality data were available for the entire cohort at a median of 51 months (interquartile range, 41-58) from randomization. All-cause mortality at follow-up was 33% in the overall cohort, with significantly fewer deaths occurring in the elective IABP group (n=42) than in the group that underwent PCI without planned IABP support (n=58) (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.98; P=0.039).In patients with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy treated with PCI, all-cause mortality was 33% at a median of 51 months. Elective IABP use during PCI was associated with a 34% relative reduction in all-cause mortality compared with unsupported PCI.URL: http://www.isrctn.org. Unique identifier: ISRCTN40553718; and http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00910481.
Exploiting Synthetic Lethality for the Therapy of ABC Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Yibin Yang, Arthur L. Shaffer, N.C. Tolga Emre, Michele Ceribelli, Meili Zhang, George Wright, Wenming Xiao, John Powell, John Platig, Holger Kohlhammer, Ryan M. Young, Hong Zhao, Yandan Yang, Weihong Xu, Joseph J. Buggy, Sriram Balasubramanian, Lesley A. Mathews, Paul Shinn, Rajarshi Guha, Marc Ferrer, Craig Thomas, Thomas A. Waldmann, Louis M. Staudt
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)