tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging studies of the cerebellum: language, learning and memory
Authors: John E Desmond, Julie A Fiez
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (1998)

During the decade following a functional neuroimaging study of language that showed cerebellar involvement in a cognitive task, PET and fMRI studies have continued to provide evidence that the role of the cerebellum extends beyond that of motor control and that this structure contributes in some way to cognitive operations. In this review, we describe neuroimaging evidence for cerebellar involvement in working memory, implicit and explicit learning and memory, and language, and we discuss some of the problems and limitations faced by researchers who use neuroimaging to investigate cerebellar function. We also raise a set of outstanding questions that need to be addressed through further neuroimaging and behavioral experiments before differing functional accounts of cerebellar involvement in cognition can be resolved.
Are concerns about DSM-5 ADHD criteria supported by empirical evidence?
Authors: S. Cortese
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Thomas and colleagues are worried about the recent change in the maximum age of symptom onset in the diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from 7 years in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fourth edition (DSM-IV) to 12 years in DSM-5.1 2 3 They think that this change may increase “the risk of confusing ADHD with normal developmental processes, such as pubertal restlessness and distractibility.” Although it …
Abstract 4094: Identification of novel breast cancer methylation biomarkers by global demethylation, cDNA microarray, and quantitative methylation analysis
Authors: Chuanzhong Ye, Zhijian Hu, Regina Courtney, Wei Zheng, Qiuyin Cai
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Aberrant DNA methylation is commonly found in breast cancer. Hypermethylation of CpG islands located in promoter regions of genes may result in translational gene silencing and thus play an important role in carcinogenesis. It has been documented that multiple genes involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, DNA repair, hormone regulation, cell adhesion and invasion, angiogenesis, and cellular growth-inhibitory signaling pathways are hypermethylated in breast cancer. To identify additional hypermethylated genes, we conducted a global demethylation experiment using breast cancer cell lines, followed by gene expression microarray and DNA methylation analyses. Breast cancer MCF-7 cells were treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and trichostatin A (TSA). Gene expression profiles between 5-aza-dC/TSA treated and untreated cells were compared using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array. Expression levels of 195 genes were up-regulated at least two-fold by demethylation treatment of the MCF-7 cells. Expression levels of 16 cancer-related genes were selected for confirmation in six additional breast cancer cell lines using quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of 13 of these genes (APLP1, CARHSP1, CDKN2D, CKMT1A, FSCN1, GPX3, HBEGF, HIC2, HSPA2, NOV, S100A6, SERPINI1, and ZNF238) was confirmed to be significantly increased after 5-aza-dC/TSA treatment. Promoter methylation status of these 13 genes was examined in seven breast cancer cell lines using Sequenom MassARRAY quantitative methylation analysis. Promoter CpG island methylation of 6 genes was observed in all 7 breast cancer cell lines. The ZNF238 and HSPA2 genes had the most methylated CpG sites (each has 11 methylated CpG sites) and highest percentage of methylation in the promoter region tested in the study. In summary, we identified promoter hypermethylation in 6 cancer-related genes, including ZNF238 and HSPA2, in breast cancer cell lines. These genes may play a role in breast carcinogenesis. Further studies using human breast cancer samples are warranted to confirm these findings. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4094. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4094
Prospective randomized comparison of rectilinear biphasic waveform shock versus truncated exponential biphasic waveform shock for transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Soo G. Kim, Maureen Kim, David Park, Jay N. Gross, Kevin J. Ferrick, Eugen Palma, John D. Fisher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Bold Health Care Initiatives Needed, Says New Report
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tularemia Epidemic Associated With the Deerfly
Authors: Lawrence E. Klock
Journal: JAMA (1973)

During a three-month period in 1971, there were 39 persons in Utah who contracted tularemia. Twenty-eight of the 39 cases (72%) stemmed from bites of the deerfly (Chrysops discalis). Field surveys indicated the occurrence of a tularemia epizootic among rabbits during the epidemic period. Cultures were taken from animals and insects in epidemic areas and Francisella tularensis was isolated from both deerflies and rabbits. Although cultures of mosquitoes and gnats were negative, there was indirect evidence that one of these species may have transmitted tularemia to seven patients.
Response of the intestinal mucosa to ischaemia.
Authors: J W Robinson, V Mirkovitch, B Winistorfer, F Saegesser
Journal: Gut (1981)

Progress reportResponse of the intestinal mucosa to ischaemiaThe small intestinal mucosa is particularly sensitive to ischaemia, but it also possesses a tremendous regenerative potential.The mucosa of the colon is less easily destroyed by a reduction in the blood supply, but, once damaged, it recovers imore slowly.In these pages we shall review the various structural and functional studies, performed in experi- mental animals, that have contributed to our understanding of the response of these epithelia to dfifferent degrees of ischaemia.Disruption of small intestinal mucosa during ischaemia Structural damage to the small intestinal mucosa is observed remark- ably rapidly after the onset of an ischaemic accident.Ultrastructural investigations have revealed alterations in the microvilli of the cells at the villus tips three to five minutes after the onset of total circulatory arrest affecting a loop of rat or dog small intestine.1-3At the light microscope level, the first visible lesions consist of a detachment of the cells, particularly in the apical regions of the villi, from the basement membrane, with the formation of subepithelial blebs.4-6Numerous authors have described the development of the morphological changes in the small intestinal mucosa on prolongation of the ischaemic trauma, both with the aid of the light microscope4 7-9 and with the electron microscope.' 2 610 After a total ischaemia of 30 minutes in the rat or of 60 minutes in the dog (Figure ), the upper two-thirds of the villi are completely denuded of epithelial cells, whereas the lower reaches of the villi and the crypts remain relatively intact.9" 1 Certain investiga- tors have claimed that rat crypt cells are already damaged after an ischaemia of 30 minutes,5 whereas others have reported lesions in these structures only after a circulatory arrest of one hour'2 or even two hours.'3With this single exception, there has been good agreement between the different groups of investigators on the course of mucosal destruction; only those authors who left the collateral circulation in- tact'4 have described a markedly slower rate of tissue disruption.The structural alterations that occur in the intestinal mucosa during shock are similar to those observed in acute ischaemia, as the splanchnic cir- culation is greatly reduced in such circumstances.Fewer investigations have been devoted to functional studies of the mucosa during ischaemia, but those which exist have emphasised the good correlation between structural and functional characteristics after thiis trauma.Guthrie and Quastel"5 published the first study of the function in vitro of an intestine excised from a guinea-pig suffering from shock or of an intestinal loop that had been rendered ischaemic for 512on August 19, 2023 by guest.
Severe Hypoglycemia in Type I Diabetic Patients With Impaired Kidney Function
Authors: Ingrid Mühlhauser, Gisela Toth, Peter T Sawicki, Michael Berger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

To assess the frequency and possible risk indicators of severe hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic patients with impaired kidney function.Retrospective follow-up examination of case subjects and control subjects with mean follow-up periods of 2.9 and 1.3 yr, respectively. The setting was the diabetes center at the Düsseldorf University hospital. Subjects were consecutive type I diabetic patients. Case subjects consisted of 44 patients with initial serum creatinine levels of greater than or equal to 133 microM and pathological proteinuria. Control subjects consisted of 46 patients with normal serum creatinine levels matched for age, duration of diabetes, and hypertension; 57% of case subjects and 67% of control subjects were being treated with beta-blockers. Incidence of severe hypoglycemia (cases/patient-yr) was assessed through an interviewer-administered questionnaire.At comparable levels of HbA1c (7.9 +/- 1.8 vs. 7.6 +/- 1.1%), case subjects had a fivefold higher incidence of severe hypoglycemic episodes (1.28 vs. 0.25 cases/patient-yr, P less than 0.02) than control subjects. Within the group with impaired kidney function, patients with severe hypoglycemic episodes had lower HbA1c levels (7.4 +/- 1.6 vs. 8.7 +/- 2.0%, P less than 0.03) and a lower body mass index (22.0 +/- 3.4 vs. 24.4 +/- 3.8 kg/m2, P less than 0.04) than those without severe hypoglycemic episodes, whereas serum creatinine levels, body weight-related insulin dosage (U x kg-1 x day-1), prevalence of blindness, autonomic neuropathy, and treatment with beta-blockers were comparable.Type I diabetic patients with impaired kidney function are at an excessively high risk of severe hypoglycemia. In addition to low HbA1c levels, a low body mass index appears to be a risk indicator for this adverse effect of insulin therapy.
Chlorophyll derived from Chlorella inhibits dioxin absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and accelerates dioxin excretion in rats.
Authors: K Morita, M Ogata, T Hasegawa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We investigated the effects of chlorophyll derived from Chlorella on gastrointestinal absorption of seven types of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and 10 types of polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) in Wistar rats. Twenty-eight rats were randomly distributed into seven groups (n = 4). After overnight food deprivation, rats were given 4 g of the basal diet or 4 g of the chlorophyll diet containing 0.01-0.5% chlorophyll one time on day 1; each diet also contained 0.2 mL PCDD and PCDF standard solutions. The amounts of fecal excretion of PCDD and PCDF congeners from days 1 to 5 in the group fed 0.01% chlorophyll were 64.8% for 1,2,3,7,8-pentaCDD, 78.6% for 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexaCDD, 73.5% for 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexaCDD, 58.5% for 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexaCDD, 33.3% for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaCDD, 85.7% for 1,2,3,7,8-pentaCDF, 77.3% for 2,3,4,7,8-pentaCDF, 88.6% for 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexaCDF, 78.0% for 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexaCDF, 62.5% for 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexaCDF, 84.1% for 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexaCDF, 41.7% for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaCDF, and 40.0% for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaCDF greater (p < 0.01) than those of the control group, respectively. The fecal excretion of PCDD and PCDF congeners was remarkably increased along with the increasing dietary chlorophyll. The amounts of PCDD and PCDF congeners in rats on day 5 administered dioxin mixtures were lower in the 0.01% chlorophyll group than in the control group, ranging from 3.5 to 50.0% for PCDD congeners and from 3.7 to 41.7% lower for PCDF congeners, except for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran. The amount of PCDD and PCDF congeners in rats was remarkably decreased along with the increasing dietary chlorophyll. These findings suggest that chlorophyll is effective for preventing dioxin absorption via foods.
Neurologic Manifestations of HIV Infection
Authors: Federico Pulido
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 June 1995Neurologic Manifestations of HIV InfectionFederico Pulido, Rafael Rubio, and J. Ramon CostaFederico PulidoSearch for more papers by this author, Rafael RubioSearch for more papers by this author, and J. Ramon CostaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-11-199506010-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We disagree with Simpson and Tagliati [1], who favor a presumptive diagnosis and empiric treatment of neurosyphilis in patients with HIV infection, neurologic symptoms, and a reactive cerebrospinal profile only when a positive serum VDRL test result is obtained.Patients with HIV infection frequently have false-positive reaginic test results for syphilis. The problem is greater when these patients are intravenous drug users. In these persons, false-positive reaginic results appear in 25% of cases [2].We found that a reaginic test had a positive predictive value for syphilis of 27% when it was done in a population of ...References1. Simpson DM, Tagliati M. Neurologic manifestations of HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:769-85. Google Scholar2. Pulido F, Rubio R, Salmeron OJ, Castilla V, Carnevali D, Costa JR, et al. Reactividad de las pruebas serologicas para deteccion de sfilis en pacientes infectados por el virus de la immunodeficiencia humana. Med Clin (Barcelona). 1993; 101:365-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 11Page: 883-884KeywordsAddictsHIV infectionsPositive predictive valueSyphilis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Insulin-like growth factor I in human thyroid tissue: Specific localization by immunohistochemistry andIn Situ hybridization
Authors: Rui M. B. Maciel, Edna T. Kimura, Mirian H. Takahashi, Maria-Honorina C. Lopes, Maria-Isabel S. Mesquita, Alan C. Moses, Vania N. Alberti
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (1995)
Replacement Therapy in Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: James E. Gadek, Stephen W. Hosea, Jeffrey A. Gelfand, Maria Santaella, Milan Wickerhauser, D. C. Triantaphyllopoulos, Michael M. Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Although considerable progress has been made during the past two decades in the use of androgens to prevent attacks of hereditary angioedema, replacement of the deficient C1-inhibitor protein would provide a useful menas of treatment once an attack has begun. We studied the clinical use of C1 inhibitor that was partly purified on a large scale from pooled plasma. The in vivo efficacy and safety of this protein concentrate were evaluated during 11 intravenous infusions in eight patients with hereditary angioedema. Three patients received the C1-inhibitor preparation during an asymptomatic period. Increases in serum C4 activity provided evidence of the biologic activity of the infused inhibitor. Intravenous administration of the concentrate during acute abdominal or laryngeal attacks of hereditary angioedema in five patients resulted in abatement of symptoms in addition to increased serum C4 activity. No untoward effects of the intravenous administration of the C1 inhibitor were observed in these eight patients. Thus, this C1-inhibitor preparation seems to offer the potential for safe, effective replacement therapy and may provide a means of controlling an attack of hereditary angioedema that is in progress.
INFECTION FROM ANESTHETIZING APPARATUS
Authors: Virgil P. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As a former bacteriologist and now as an anesthetist, I cannot allow the original article by Dr. J. Mehsen Joseph, which appeared inThe Journal, July 26, 1952, page 1196, "Disease Transmission by Inefficiently Sanitized Anesthetizing Apparatus," to remain unanswered. Numerous physicians, after reading the article, have assumed that the suggestions made, if followed, would solve a problem of which we are all cognizant. The intent of the article is well taken; that is, upper respiratory disease can be transmitted via the rebreathing apparatus, and probably this does happen frequently, but exception is taken to the inference that, by rinsing the rebreathing tubes and the rebreathing bag with commercial sterilizing agent, the transfer of disease-producing micro-organisms can be stopped. No mention is made of sterilizing the soda lime tower or of discarding the soda lime after each case, which would have to be done; otherwise, the micro-organisms
Justice and the Reversal of the Healthcare Worker ‘Brain-Drain’
Authors: Justin M. List
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgment I thank Emily Bancroft and Eric Friedman from Physicians for Human Rights and Christopher Whalen from the University of Georgia's College of Public Health for their helpful comments. This work was supported in part by the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health (Grant #R24TW007988, the Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars Support Center at Vanderbilt–American Association of Medical Colleges).
US firm to advise Scottish health service on quality improvement
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Survival of UK patients after cancer is improving but still lags behind the European average, despite the United Kingdom spending more than other countries on cancer, different sources of data published this week show.Figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) show that between 1999 and 2004 survival rates for most cancers in England improved.However, two studies published in Lancet Oncology (
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNITY TO PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTION INDUCED IN RABBITS BY IMMUNIZATION WITH R PNEUMOCOCCI
Authors: William S. Tillett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

1. Rabbits, vaccinated by repeated intravenous injections of suspensions of heat-killed R pneumococci, acquire a marked degree of active immunity to infection with the virulent S forms of Pneumococcus Types I and II. Previously (1) it was shown that the immunization of rabbits with R cells induces active resistance to Type III infection. This immunity is effective when the infecting organisms are injected either intravenously, intraperitoneally, or intradermally. 2. Whole citrated blood or serum of rabbits immunized with R pneumococci, under the experimental conditions described, is capable of passively protecting normal rabbits against Type I and Type III infection. Whole blood appears to be more effective than an equivalent amount of serum. 3. Passive protection of mice by the use of whole blood or serum of the immune rabbits has been entirely ineffectual. This is in striking contrast to the results obtained with type-specific immune serum. 4. This form of acquired resistance to pneumococcus infection, elicited by R organisms which are devoid of type specificity, and exemplified in animals whose sera possess no demonstrable type-specific antibodies, has many characteristics strongly suggesting that the underlying mechanism differs from that concerned in type-specific immunity.
Hypogammaglobulinemia in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Wallace J. Matthews, Mary Williams, Bonnie Oliphint, Raif Geha, Harvey R. Colten
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

To investigate some aspects of immune function in cystic fibrosis, we measured serum immunoglobulins in 419 patients. Twenty-two per cent of the 154 patients less than 10 years old had hypogammaglobulinemia-G, whereas the older patients had normal or elevated serum immunoglobulins. A single mechanism accounting for the extraordinary prevalence of hypogammaglobulinemia in young patients with cystic fibrosis was not defined in studies of T and B-lymphocyte function in vitro or in studies of IgG metabolism in vivo. Analysis of objective clinical data, including arterial blood gases, chest roentgenograms, and bacteriologic cultures, indicated that the patients with hypogammaglobulinemia had significantly less severe lung disease than did age-matched patients with cystic fibrosis and normal or elevated IgG levels. We conclude that progression of lung disease may be due in part to a hyper-immune response.
Anoxia and Sickling
Authors: J. R. B. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MEDCA JOUM"{A Scheme was launched on the whole country.without preliminary trials.Let us give the Area Health Board a trial.Keeping up with the Joneses may be distasteful or difficult for some, but if the exercise is for the good of the pro- fession as a whole, and the Health Service, it may be worth the endeavour.-I am, etc., G. MuRRAY JoNEs.Caerphilly.