tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital treatment targets have been simplified
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Key NHS targets on waiting times for planned treatment in England are to be abolished, after healthcare leaders adjudged that they were creating “perverse incentives” that penalised patients.

In a letter to health service leaders NHS England’s chief executive, Simon Stevens, said that the current target for patients to receive planned treatment within 18 weeks of being referred by a GP would be simplified to reduce the number of targets from three to one.1

At the moment the target is measured against three standards: in a particular month, the percentage of patients admitted to hospital who started treatment within 18 weeks of referral; the percentage of patients who weren’t admitted who started treatment within 18 weeks; and the percentage of patients …
Combination chemotherapy for metastatic or recurrent adenocarcinoma of the cervix.
Authors: J J Kavanagh, D Gershenson, L Copeland, W S Roberts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Twenty-four patients with recurrent or widespread adenocarcinoma of the cervix were treated with combination chemotherapy. The drugs used were 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (500 to 800 mg/m2), doxorubicin (40 to 50 mg/m2), and cisplatin (50 to 60 mg/m2). The chemotherapy was administered as a 76-hour continuous infusion via a silastic central venous catheter and repeated every 28 days. The total response rate was 42% (25% complete and 17% partial). Median duration of response was 7 months. Areas of response were usually lung and lymph node metastases. Toxicity, mainly neutropenia, was acceptable. All patients relapsed. This combination chemotherapy results in a modest response rate for a malignancy about which there is little information regarding the treatment of disseminated disease. Future studies should determine the activity of this combination administered in a bolus fashion.
A Phase 1/2 Study of At13387, a Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) Inhibitor in Combination with Abiraterone Acetate (Aa) and Prednisone (P) in Patients (Pts) with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (Mcrpc) No Longer Responding to Aa
Authors: R. Ferraldeschi, S. Slovin, S. Hussain, F. Saad, J. Garcia, F.F. Kabbinavar, N. Uppal, N.J. Vogelzang, B.J. Poiesz, E. Gelmann, J. Picus, D. Mahadevan, S. Sundar, A. Nikapota, S. Pacey, A. Oganesian, L. Manlapaz-Espiritu, Y. Hao, H. Keer, J. de Bono
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Tumor-Specific Immunity Induced by Nontumorigenic 6C3HED Ascites Tissue Culture Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C. P. Eng, L. P. Kleine, J. F. Morgan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

6C3HED ascites tumor cells, after long-term propagation as a tissue culture line, Failed completely to produce tumors when reinoculated into isogeneic C3H mice. These untreated nontumorigenic 6C3HED tissue culture cells induced strong immunity in mice against challenge with virulent 6C3HED cells freshly drawn from mouse tumors. Three inoculations with 5–8 × 106 nontumorigenic cells at weekly intervals yielded 95% protection against subsequent challenge with 106 virulent cells. Immunity could be induced even when 103 cells were administered as the immunizing dose. A secondary response was also demonstrated. The neutralization effect could be demonstrated by serum or by spleen cells. Sonically disrupted nontumorigenic cells also induced immunity, but to a much lesser degree than the untreated viable cells. Inoculation of mice with the nontumorigenic 6C3HED tissue culture cells also partially protected against challenge with virulent TA3, Ehrlich, or Ehrlich-Lettré tumor cells when tested in Swiss mice.
Naturally Arising Tumors of the Inbred WAB/Not Rat Strain. II. Immunogenicily of Transplanted Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J G Middle, M J Embleton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The immunogenicity of 28 transplanted naturally arising tumors of the inbred WAB/Not rat was investigated at early passages in strictly syngeneic, contemporary animals. Included were nephroblastomas, histologically benign and malignant mammary tumors, soft tissue and skin tumors, 1 lymphoid tumor, and 2 gastrointestinal lesions. In no case was evidence of immunogenicity observed when animals were treated with multiple grafts of irradiated (15,000 rad) tissue or by excision of a growing tumor. A few of these tumors were further investigated by other methods of immunization, including injection at various sites of irradiated cells followed by challenge at different sites and multiple injections of mitomycin C- or Formalin-treated cells. Again no evidence of immunogenicity was seen. Attempts to immunize with viable cells mixed with BCG or Corynebacterium parvum failed due to lack of tumor suppression by these agents. Limited concomitant immunity experiments yielded similarly negative results, except in one case of a fibrosarcoma for which a slight reduction in second tumor growth was observed when primary implants were very large. Some alterations in biologic properties during transplant passage and the incidence of post-excision recurrence and metastatic spread of some of the tumors are described.
Hexokinase Activity in Tumorigenic and Nontumorigenic Cell Cultures Derived From Mouse Ascites Tumor Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M. K. Bhatnagar, J. F. Morgan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The enzyme activity and isozyme pattern of hexokinase in two mouse ascites tumor cell lines, TA3 and 6C3HED, were compared with their derived tissue cultures, which had either retained or had lost their tumor-producing property. Total enzyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 340 mμ by use of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, linked assay reaction in particle-free, crude, enzyme extracts. Three utilizable hexoses, D-glucose, D-fructose, and D-mannose, at a 0.1 M concentration, were used as substrates. The isozyme patterns were developed by vertical starch-gel electrophoresis. The tumorigenic cell cultures of both ascites tumor lines showed nearly the same hexokinase activity as that of the in vivo tumor cells and had a similar isozyme pattern. The cell cultures that lost tumorigenicity had lower hexokinase activity. The reduction ranged from 28–30% in TA3 and from 21–28% in 6C3HED cell culture lines. The isozyme I in nontumorigenic cell cultures of both TA3 and 6C3HED ascites tumor lines was considerably reduced compared to that in either the tumorigenic cell cultures or the ascites tumor cells.
Bruising and Hemorrhagic Vesicles on the Tongue
Authors: Nicholas A. Taylor, Aida Lugo-Somolinos, Christopher J. Sayed
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

A woman in her 70s with recently diagnosed diastolic heart failure was admitted for worsening dyspnea and also reported easy bruising with minor trauma and erosions on the lateral tongue. What is your diagnosis?
Dermcidin: a skeletal muscle myokine modulating cardiomyocyte survival and infarct size after coronary artery ligation
Authors: Giovanni Esposito, Gabriele Giacomo Schiattarella, Cinzia Perrino, Fabio Cattaneo, Gianluigi Pironti, Anna Franzone, Giuseppe Gargiulo, Fabio Magliulo, Federica Serino, Giuseppe Carotenuto, Anna Sannino, Federica Ilardi, Fernando Scudiero, Linda Brevetti, Marco Oliveti, Giuseppe Giugliano, Carmine Del Giudice, Michele Ciccarelli, Giovanni Renzone, Andrea Scaloni, Nicola Zambrano, Bruno Trimarco
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

AimsCoronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in western countries, and its association with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (LE-PAD) represents an independent predictor of worse outcome. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are currently unknown.
Breast Cancer Screening in Elderly Women
Authors: Ismail Jatoi, Anthony B. Miller
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Multicenter Phase II Trial of Weekly Paclitaxel in Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Edith A. Perez, Charles L. Vogel, David H. Irwin, Jeffrey J. Kirshner, Ravi Patel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of weekly paclitaxel therapy in women with metastatic breast cancer in a phase II multicenter trial. Entry criteria were relatively liberal to reflect the heterogeneity of metastatic breast cancer in clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients had histologically confirmed and measurable metastatic breast cancer. Up to two prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease, including prior therapy with anthracyclines and taxanes and prior high-dose therapy, were allowed. Paclitaxel 80 mg/m 2 was administered weekly for 4 weeks per 4-week cycle. RESULTS: We enrolled 212 patients; 211 were assessable for toxicity and 177 were assessable for response. Ninety percent of patients had received prior chemotherapy (adjuvant, metastatic, or both), 46% of patients had three or more involved metastatic sites, and 60% of patients had visceral-dominant disease. Responses were documented on two occasions and were independently reviewed. The overall response rate (complete plus partial response) was 21.5% (95% confidence interval, 15.4% to 27.5%), with 41.8% of patients having disease stabilization. Median time to progression was 4.7 months, and overall survival in all 212 patients enrolled was 12.8 months. Therapy was well tolerated, with a 15% incidence of grade 3/4 hematologic toxicity and a 9% incidence of grade 3 neurotoxicity; other serious toxicities were rare. The response rate and toxicity profile in the 34% of patients ≥ 65 years of age were similar to that of younger patients. CONCLUSION: Weekly paclitaxel therapy was well tolerated and demonstrated reasonable activity in this relatively heavily pretreated population with advanced disease. Further study of weekly paclitaxel in combination therapy is warranted.
The European Academy of Anesthesiology – 1992 and Beyond
Authors: John S M Zorab, M D Vickers
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

The European Academy of Anaesthesiology was founded in 1978 as a means of meeting the challenges resulting from the introduction of the Medical Directives permitting the free movement of doctors within the European Community. The Academy is a scientific forum for anaesthetists throughout Europe--not just the EC countries--and has established its own English-language journal and multi-lingual Diploma examination. It is now embarking on a system of hospital recognition linked to intraining examinations. With the help of industry and a professional communications organization, it is also exploring the production of multi-lingual educational packages. It is believed that for effective evolution of hospital practice in Europe, medical specialties need to have their own academic organizations which will develop specialist training and which are in a position to provide appropriate advice to relevant national and European bodies.
Utility of the rapid antigen detection BinaxNOW Influenza A&amp;B test for detection of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus
Authors: L. Fuenzalida, S. Blanco, C. Prat, M. Vivancos, M.J Dominguez, J.M. Mòdol, C. Rodrigo, V. Ausina
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
PKCζ Regulates TNF-α–Induced Activation of NADPH Oxidase in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Randall S. Frey, Arshad Rahman, John C. Kefer, Richard D. Minshall, Asrar B. Malik
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Although oxidant generation by NADPH oxidase is known to play an important role in signaling in endothelial cells, the basis of activation of NADPH oxidase is incompletely understood. The atypical isoform of protein kinase C, PKCzeta, has been implicated in the mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced oxidant generation in endothelial cells; thus, in the present study, we have addressed the role of PKCzeta in regulating NADPH oxidase function. We showed by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy the presence of the major cytosolic NADPH oxidase subunits, p47(phox) and membrane-bound gp91(phox) in human pulmonary artery endothelial (HPAE) cells. TNF-alpha failed to activate oxidant generation in lung vascular endothelial cells derived from p47(phox-/-) and gp91(phox-/-) mice, indicating the requirement of NADPH oxidase in mediating the oxidant generation in endothelial cells. Stimulation of HPAE cells with TNF-alpha resulted in the phosphorylation of p47(phox) and its association with gp91(phox). Inhibition of PKCzeta by multiple pharmacological and genetic approaches prevented the TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylation of p47(phox), and its translocation to the membrane. PKCzeta was shown to colocalize with p47(phox), and inhibition of PKCzeta activation prevented the interaction of p47(phox) with gp91(phox) induced by TNF-alpha. Furthermore, inhibition of association of p47(phox) with gp91(phox) prevented the oxidant generation in endothelial cells. These data demonstrate a novel function of PKCzeta in signaling oxidant generation in endothelial cells by the activation of NADPH oxidase, which may be important in mediating endothelial activation responses.
Gynecomastia in a Patient With Lung Cancer
Authors: Geoffrey Liu, Marla L. Rosenfield Darling, Jennifer Chan, Michael T. Jaklitsch, Arthur T. Skarin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.6.1956 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 10561237 Gynecomastia in a Patient With Lung Cancer Geoffrey LiuxGeoffrey LiuSearch for articles by this author , Marla L. Rosenfield DarlingxMarla L. Rosenfield DarlingSearch for articles by this author , Jennifer ChanxJennifer ChanSearch for articles by this author , Michael T. JaklitschxMichael T. JaklitschSearch for articles by this author , Arthur T. SkarinxArthur T. SkarinSearch for articles by this author Show More Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Radiology, and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.6.1956 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Gynecomastia in a Patient With Lung Cancer ." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 17(6), p. 1956© 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Therapy of the Murine Plasmacytoma MOPC 104E: Role of the Immune Response&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R. A. Lubet, D. E. Carlson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The murine plasmacytoma MOPC 104E was susceptible to cytotoxic therapy in female inbred BALB/c mice. Palpable subcutaneous tumors (0.6--1.2 X 10(8) cells) could be cured with a single administration of cyclophosphamide (5--250 mg/kg) or localized irradiation (800--2,400 R). Clonogenic assay showed that, following minimal curative doses of cyclophosphamide or radiation, 0.5--1.5 X 10(6) tumor cells should remain viable. Control animals succumbed to progressive, invariably lethal tumor growth after they were given sc injections of 2--3 X 10(3) tumor cells. Minimal doses of cyclophosphamide, which were curative in control tumor-bearing animals, were ineffective in treating tumor-bearing animals immunosuppressed by 450 R whole-body irradiation. Subsequent experiments measured the ability of animals cured of the murine plasmacytoma to reject secondary challenge with the same tumor. These experiments demonstrated and partially quantitated the substantial role of the immune response in effecting tumor cure following radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
The thermic effect of food in underweight patients with emphysematous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: JH Green, MF Muers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

Malnutrition and weight loss commonly occur in patients with the emphysematous type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), despite normal energy intakes. The present study was designed to assess energy expenditure, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in ten patients with COPD, together with the oxidation rates of carbohydrate, protein and fat. The BMR was elevated when tested against the Harris-Benedict equation (p less than 0.001) or when compared with six age- and sex-matched controls (11.11 +/- 2.52 vs 8.12 +/- 1.31 kJ.h-1.kg muscle-1, p less than 0.05). The main difference in fuel oxidation rate was an elevated fasting fat oxidation rate in the patients compared with controls (8.31 +/- 3.09 vs 4.76 +/- 2.53 kJ.h-1.kg muscle-1, p less than 0.05). The overall thermic response to food (41.2 kJ.kg-1 liquid meal) as a percentage of energy intake was greater in the patients (49.5 +/- 6.3 vs 39.8 +/- 2.9%, p less than 0.01). The patients also displayed a greater post-prandial rate of protein oxidation as a percentage of protein intake than controls (56.9 +/- 18.5 vs 34.1 +/- 6.5%, p less than 0.05). These data suggest an increased energy cost of feeding and fasting in patients with the emphysematous type of COPD.
Bacteriological profile in new cases of TB-HIV coinfected patients in Romania
Authors: Maria Dede, Cornelia Tudose, Irina Pele, Laura Lihatchi, Elmira Ibraim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Tuberculosis and HIV infection are two serious problems, which associated condition is one another negative. In Romania there is an increased prevalence of tuberculosis, but proportion of TB-HIV coinfected patients remains low. Due to management issues in this group of patients, bacteriological identification and susceptibility profile are very important.   Aims:  To identify the bacteriological profile of strains isolated from new cases of TB-HIV patients and to evaluate the management in this group of patients.   Methods:  Descriptive retrospective analysis of new cases of TB-HIV coinfected patients reported in 2009 in the National Register of Tuberculosis.   Results:  Were analyzed 155 patients (70.8%) representing the new cases from a total of 219 TB patients notified as seropositive. The mean age was 28 years, 68.3% males, most of them with pulmonary TB (127 patients, representing 81.9% of total cases). Bacterial confirmation rate in culture was low (48.3%), even in pulmonary TB cases (69 patients). Drug resistance was certified in six cases: monoresistance to rifampicin in one case and MDR in 5 cases. Among the patients of our group 114 were successfully treated, 10 patients abandoned TB treatment and 6 failed. The mortality rate was 11.6% (18 patients), most of deceases in pulmonary TB cases (83.33%).   Conclusions:  We found a low rate of drug resistance in our group, but bacteriological confirmation was possible only in 48,3% cases. Intensified efforts in bacteriological examinations are necessary to confirm the TB in HIV patients and to exclude other pathology, for a appropriate management.
Medical emergency teams and cardiac arrests in hospital
Authors: G. B Smith
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Editor—Proof that a medical emergency team can reduce the incidence of and mortality from unexpected cardiac arrest is eagerly awaited, as such a proposal is intuitive. However, the number of such arrests can be influenced by several factors, including the number of “do not resuscitate” decisions made. Buist et al's paper fails to take this into account, and suffers from other methodological errors too.1

The study used a historical control group and was undertaken in a setting in which there was already a trend towards a reduced incidence of and mortality from cardiac arrest. Moreover, the case mix varied considerably between the two study periods. The authors' definition of cardiac arrest included patients who had not actually experienced an arrest yet excluded four who had been allocated do not resuscitate orders but for whom a call was made. Ward patients who do not have a cardiac arrest have a better outcome than those who do; hence by adopting a loose definition the study denominator has been artificially enhanced, giving a false benefit.

Some patients receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation despite it being futile, and thus the resuscitation status of critically ill patients must be established. However, any increase in do not resuscitate orders inevitably reduces the incidence of and mortality from unexpected cardiac arrests. The introduction of a medical emergency team increases the number of do not resuscitate orders.2 Buist et al report that, in 1999, the medical emergency team made 13 such orders for patients who subsequently died but do not report the overall incidence of these orders in the hospital in either year studied.

The study's design makes it impossible to separate the beneficial impact of the formal education process provided to ward staff from that due to specific interventions by the medical emergency team. The education may have led to better ward care or to more do not resuscitate orders being applied by staff who were not members of the team. Perhaps education alone led to the results that are being attributed to the team.

The cover of the issue of the BMJ containing Buist et al's paper, showing a medical emergency team in action, suggests that the authors have confirmed a beneficial role for the team. This may be correct, as the team may have reduced the number of inappropriate cardiac arrest calls by increasing the incidence of do not resuscitate orders or by improving the education of ward staff. What is not proved is that a medical emergency team can reduce the incidence of and mortality from unexpected cardiac arrest.