tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ordered activation of the Ig lambda locus in Abelson B cell lines.
Authors: B Müller, M Reth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Derivatives of the mu-producing Abelson line P8 have been analyzed for L chain gene rearrangements. Two of seven clones studied assembled their V lambda genes while growing in culture. V lambda gene rearrangements occurred only in those Abelson subclones that either were rearranging or had rearranged their recombining sequence (RS) element on both Ig kappa alleles. Our data suggest that (a) RS rearrangements are preferentially initiated in kappa- pre-B cells; and (b) the deletion or inactivation of sequences lying between J kappa and RS is a requirement for the activation of the Ig lambda locus.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOW-AND HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS AND CORONARY PLAQUE COMPOSITION: RESULTS FROM CONFIRM (CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY EVALUATION FOR CLINICAL OUTCOMES: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTER REGISTRY)
Authors: Ryo Nakazato, Daniel Berman, Stephan Achenbach, Mouaz AI-Mallah, Matthew Budoff, Filippo Cademartiri, Tracy Callister, Victor Cheng, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Benjamin Chow, Augustin DeLago, Allison Dunning, gudrun feuchtner, Millie Gomez, Heidi Gransar, Martin Hadamitzky, Joerg Hausleiter, Philipp Kaufmann, Fay Lin, Gilbert Raff, Leslee Shaw, Todd Villines, Troy LaBounty, James Min
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
What doctors have in common with architects--part 1: A manual art
Authors: D. Loxterkamp, B. Snider
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from Wuhan China discovered in December 2019 has since developed into a global epidemic. Presently, we constructed and analyzed the phylo-geo-network of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from across India to understand the viral evolution in the country. A total of 611 full-length genomes from different states of India were extracted from the EpiCov repository of GISAID initiative on 6 June, 2020. Their alignment with the reference sequence (Wuhan, NCBI accession number NC_045512.2) uncovered 270 parsimony informative sites. Furthermore, 339 genomes were divided into 51 haplogroups. The network revealed the core haplogroup as that of reference sequence NC_045512.2 (Haplogroup A1) with 157 identical sequences present across 16 states. Remaining haplogroups had &lt;10 identical sequences across a maximum of three states. Some states with fewer samples had more haplogroups. Forty-one haplogroups were localized exclusively to any one state. The two most common lineages are B6 and B1 (Pangolin) whereas clade A2a (Covidex) appears to be the most predominant in India. Because the pandemic is still emerging, the observations need to be monitored.
1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose reduces renal crystallization and oxidative stress in a hyperoxaluric rat model
Authors: Hyo-Jung Lee, Soo-Jin Jeong, Hyo-Jeong Lee, Eun-Ok Lee, Hyunsu Bae, John C. Lieske, Sung-Hoon Kim
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
632 Four-year outcome of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) under low-dose ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA): A French prospective study
Authors: A. Garioud, P. Seksik, Y. Chretien, C. Corpechot, R. Poupon, R.E. Poupon, O. Chazouillères
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
TPGS-stabilized NaYbF4:Er upconversion nanoparticles for dual-modal fluorescent/CT imaging and anticancer drug delivery to overcome multi-drug resistance
Authors: Gan Tian, Xiaopeng Zheng, Xiao Zhang, Wenyan Yin, Jie Yu, Dongliang Wang, Zhiping Zhang, Xiangliang Yang, Zhanjun Gu, Yuliang Zhao
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Abstract 343: Transgenic C57/BL6 x Balb/c F1 mice expressing mitochondrial targeted catalase have less spontaneous lung cancer.
Authors: Christina Pettan-Brewer, John Morton, Piper Treuting, Warren Ladiges
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Human lung cancer is a major cause of morbidity and among the most frequent and deadly malignancies throughout the world. Discrepancies in classification and characterization approaches have resulted in confusions and difficulties in the comparative pathology of mouse and human lung tumors. Currently, there are very few mouse models of spontaneous lung cancer that are available to validate human lung carcinogenesis. Male C57/BL6 x Balb/c F1 (CB6 F1) mice have a high incidence of pulmonary adenocarcinoma that increases with increasing age. For example, 28 month old males have a 52 per cent incidence, while 32 month old males have close to 80 per cent incidence. In order to determine if these tumors were driven by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), we crossed wild type Balb/c females with transgenic males on the C57/BL6 background expressing human catalase targeted to mitochondria (mCAT). The offspring were followed through the end of their lifespan when tissues were collected for histological evaluation. Of 65 males examined, we found that those expressing mCAT had a 29 per cent incidence of lung tumors, while wild type littermates had an incidence of 71 per cent (p ≤ 0.01). The presence of mCAT had a similar effect on the incidence of lung tumors in females although the overall incidence was less than in males. Histologically, lung tumors in wild type mice had higher grade malignancy than lung tumors in mice expressing mCAT suggesting that ROS generated by mitochondria might be playing a role in driving this type of cancer in mice. We conclude that spontaneous lung adenocarcinoma in old CB6 F1 mice could be a useful model to study the anti-tumor effect of mitochondrial-targeted anti-oxidants for intervention of human lung cancer. Citation Format: Christina Pettan-Brewer, John Morton, Piper Treuting, Warren Ladiges. Transgenic C57/BL6 x Balb/c F1 mice expressing mitochondrial targeted catalase have less spontaneous lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 343. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-343 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Nicotinamide and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: H. J. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1947)

BRI7 UISNHMEDICAL JOURNAL and touch were little affected.The calves were not unduly tender.There were no root pains.From a consideration of the Chinese cases alone, this might have been beriberi occurring during the course of tuberculous meningitis, in which disease early bladder symptoms are common; particularly as pyra- midal release was never demonstrated.The fact, however, that a case occurred in a Sikh and a British soldier practically rules out this possibility.Lumbar punctures performed at various periods during the second week showed: spinal block, a vellowish fluid more green than is usual in Froin's syndrome, and an excess of cells, mainly lymphocytes, up to 500.The protein rose as high at 900 mg. per 100 ml.The tubercle bacillus was never found.In three cases radiology of the spine revealed no pathological change.Period of Meningism.-Thisperiod lasted up to 10 days.It was associated with headache, and as this disappeared the patient became confused.Brudzinski's neck sign was usually not markedly present until well on in the second week-that is.after the spinal symptoms had been in evidence for some days.
Simultaneous reticulocyte and platelet counting on a clinical flow cytometer
Authors: William P. Vaughan, Janet Hall, Karen Johnson, Carol Dougherty, Deborah Peebles
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Laser flow cytometric analysis is well suited to many clinical immunofluorescent and hematologic applications. One of these is automated reticulocyte and platelet enumerations. We have performed a clinical evaluation of a fluorescence laser flow cytometer reticulocyte and platelet enumeration method using the fluorochrome acridine orange. One hundred and thirty‐two clinical specimens from inpatients in our comprehensive cancer center were analyzed for platelet counts and 101 samples from the same population were analyzed for reticulocyte counts by the flow cytometer and simultaneously by conventional techniques. Both the reticulocyte and platelet enumerations achieved a high degree of correlation with standard methods for the nonbone marrow‐transplant patients studied (R = .989 for reticulocytes and R = .995 for platelets). Marrow transplant patients had a slightly poorer correlation coefficient for the reticulocyte enumeration (R = .923), but analysis of serial determinations of these patients' samples for reticulocyte counts revealed that results were more consistent over time with the automated method than with the traditional manual method. The laser flow cytometer fluorescence reticulocyte and platelet enumeration methods described are efficient, rapid, and reliable for platelet and reticulocyte counting.
Attitudes of teenagers in Liverpool to breast feeding.
Authors: J. E. Gregg
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To explore the attitudes of teenagers to breast feeding in Liverpool, where only 30-35% of babies are breast fed, a questionnaire survey of 400 pupils aged 14 and 15 was carried out. Only 70 (18%) had been breast fed. Three quarters of the pupils thought breast feeding was healthier than bottle feeding and that it was natural, but 32 (8%) thought that it was rude. Most pupils said that breast feeding should be discussed in class. More open discussion might reduce embarrassment and also help prepare for parenthood.
IX. Dosage of the British Pharmacop ia, with suggestions for Uniformity
Authors: W. Whitla
Journal: BMJ (1895)

childrpn were at school with the exception of the baby, who was asleep.As no complaint was made as to the state of his health I did not examine it.On the following night, at 7, I was sent for to see Cass iI.-E.D., a female infant, aged 14 months.Her throat was in a very similar state to that of her sister, and she died at 11 P.M. Next morning in daylight I examined the throats of the other members of the household and found two more children affected.CASE iii.-E.D., a girl, aged 5 years.She was first seen at 8.30 A.M. on February 27th.The left tonsil and uvula were covered with characteristic membrane which had also just commenced to invade the soft palate.Antitoxin was sent for and 15 c.cm. were injected into the loose tissue between the scapulae at 5.30 P.M.By this time there was a patch of membrane on the inner side of the right tonsil, and it had also spread somewhat forward on the soft palate.Tempera- ture 100.50, pulse 120, small and regular.February 28th, 8.30 A.M. Palate free from membrane, while that on the tonsils and uvula seemed to have lost some of its vitality, and fo be attached rather loosely.Temperature 990, pulse 120.There was at 6 P.M. no membrane on either the right tonsil or the uvula, while that on the left tonsil was hanging in shreds.Temperature 990, pulse 116.On March 1st the temperature was 980, pulse 96.There was no membrane to be seen, and a sound surface was present where the patches had been.The patient felt hungry.In this case I did not repeat the injection as I required all the antitoxin I had for the following case, and the result of the first injection seemed so striking that I thought repetition unnecessary.From March lst to 5th the patient made capital progress, eating well and apparently convalescent.On March 6th she was seized with headache and shivering.Temperature 102.40.The urine, which showed at first traces of albumen, was now pretty well loaded with it.The heart sounds were regular but feeble, pulse 140; eyelids and face somewhat puffy.Iron and diuretics were administered, and by March 13th, a fortnight from the commencement of the diphtheritic attack, the urine was free from albumen.There have been no further complications, and the patient is now convalescent and able to be out of doors.CASE iv.-T.H. D., a boy aged 10.On February 27th, at 6 P.M., both tonsils and uvula were covered with membrane.There was a sanious discharge from the nostrils and a good deal of inflammation and swelling of their mucous mem- brane.The angles of the jaw were much enlarged.Tempera- ture 1010, pulse 144.Antitoxin (15 c.cm.) was injected between the ecapulie.February 28th, 8.30 A.M. Temperature 1000, pulse 140.There was not much change in the patient's state ex- cept that the nostrils were less swollen and inflamed.The urine was free from albumen.Ten c.cm. antitoxin injected.At 6 P.M. the membrane had commenced to come away in
Heterogeneity of Combinatorial Human Autoantibodies Against Pdc–E2 and Biliary Epithelial Cells in Patients With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: Sanghoon Cha, Patrick S.C. Leung, Ross L. Coppel, Judy Van De Water, Aftab A. Ansari, Eric M. Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The polyclonal nature of antimitochondrial autoantibodies and the limited success of generating human monoclonal antibodies have made analysis of fine specificity and antibody heterogeneity difficult to define. The major autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis is the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase pathway (PDC-E2). To address the relative importance of the region(s) in the PDC-E2 inner lipoyl domain to antibody binding, we report herein detailed profiles of 12 PDC-E2-specific antigen-binding fragments, SP1 through SP12, derived by screening of a combinatorial immunoglobulin library (derived from a primary biliary cirrhosis patient) with full-length native PDC-E2. All antigen-binding fragments are IgG isotypes and include a similar number of lambda- and kappa-chains. The antigen-binding fragments react specifically to PDC-E2 with high affinity (kappa a = 10(-7) to 10(-10) mol/L-1) and recognize a conformational epitope in the inner lipoyl domain of PDC-E2. Furthermore, the antibodies demonstrate substantial heterogeneity in recognition of different recombinant PDC-E2 fragments and differential recognition patterns against mutant constructs of the human PDC-E2 inner lipoyl domain (amino acid residues 91 to 227). In addition, five of the antigen-binding fragment clones (SP1, 3, 4, 8 and 12) demonstrate different staining patterns on biliary epithelial cells of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis but not control liver disease; some antigen-binding fragments specifically stained the apical region of biliary epithelium, a pattern distinct from that of typical mitochondrial staining. The response to the inner lipoyl domain is not, however, monospecific, and there is much more heterogeneity in fine specificity than could be accounted for by arbitrary reshuffling of variable immunoglobulin heavy and light chains into unnatural combinations.
Chile s doctors call for tighter controls on arsenic levels in water
Authors: E. Russell
Journal: BMJ (2000)

High arsenic levels in the water, soil, and air in the Antofagasta region in northern Chile have been criticised by Chilean scientists and doctors, who say the levels are responsible for the higher rates of cancer mortality among the local population.

Death rates for lung cancer and bladder cancer are four and five times higher respectively in the region's capital, Antofagasta, than the national averages, according to an analysis of data for cancer deaths related to arsenic exposure provided by the Chilean Safety Association.

Arsenic, a known carcinogen, exists naturally in the volcanic rocks …
Declining rates of treatment-related mortality in patients with newly diagnosed AML given ‘intense’ induction regimens: a report from SWOG and MD Anderson
Authors: M Othus, H Kantarjian, S Petersdorf, F Ravandi, J Godwin, J Cortes, S Pierce, H Erba, S Faderl, F R Appelbaum, E Estey
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
AN ANALYSIS OF SOME CASES OF TUBERCLES IN THE TONSIL
Authors: W. V. MULLIN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Tuberculosis of the tonsils and adenoids occupies an anomalous position in oral surgery, as this lesion is not recognizable clinically, and is seldom even suspected until the tissues have been sectioned by the pathologist. There are two conditions in which the tonsils are frequently found to be tuberculous: 1. In advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, the tonsils will show tubercles in the majority of cases. 2. In tuberculous cervical adenitis, the tonsils will show this infection in approximately one half of the persons examined. Ulcerative lesions of the mouth and throat as seen in the terminal states of pulmonary tuberculosis may involve the tonsils, but the process is seldom limited to these structures. These cases have an entirely different significance, and are, therefore, not included in this analysis. Perhaps the most comprehensive early work in this country on tuberculosis of the tonsils was done by G. B. Wood,<sup>1</sup>who has added
Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of pseudoaneurysms complicating composite grafts of the ascending aorta.
Authors: J Barbetseas, E S Crawford, H J Safi, J S Coselli, M A Quinones, W A Zoghbi
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Pseudoaneurysms of the ascending aorta is a rare and serious complication after composite graft surgery for combined disorders of the aortic valve and ascending aorta.Echocardiographic and Doppler findings are described in eight patients (seven men, one woman; mean age, 45 +/- 12 years) with documented pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta and are compared with those by aortography and at surgery. The diameter of the ascending aorta ranged from 6 to 14 cm. Pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed by echocardiography in seven cases (six transthoracic, one transesophageal), by aortography in five, and by both methods in all patients. All three patients not diagnosed by aortography had a single dehiscence at the aortic annulus anastomosis. Five patients had more than one site of origin of the pseudoaneurysm. Periannular dehiscence (n = 7) was identified by color flow Doppler in six cases and by aortography in only one, and coronary artery dehiscence (n = 6) was detected by echocardiography in three and by aortography in two arteries. Of the three patients with distal graft dehiscence, one was identified by aortography and none by echocardiography. In cases of dehiscence at the aortic annulus, continuous wave Doppler further supported the diagnosis by demonstrating two distinct jets, one through the prosthetic valve and another with higher velocity through the communication.Echocardiography with Doppler can diagnose the presence of pseudoaneurysms complicating composite grafts and identify their proximal sites of origin. Furthermore, it complements aortography in the overall evaluation of patients with suspected pseudoaneurysm, particularly in those with single dehiscence of the graft at the aortic annulus anastomosis.
Synergism of alveolar endotoxin "priming" and intravascular exotoxin challenge in lung injury.
Authors: D Walmrath, H A Ghofrani, F Grimminger, W Seeger
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Both endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria; LPS) and bacterial exotoxins may induce pulmonary microcirculatory disturbances when infused into the lung vasculature, and synergism between these types of microbial challenge has recently been noted. We now asked whether a bronchoalveolar LPS load in perfused rabbit lungs alters the responsiveness to a subsequent intravascular challenge with Escherichia coli hemolysin (ECH). In control lungs (sham aerosolization) and lungs undergoing LPS nebulization (alveolar deposition of approximately 22 micrograms), normal pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), lung weight, and ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) matching were observed. Intravascular ECH (0.013 hemolytic units/ml buffer fluid) increased PAP by approximately 10 mm Hg and lung weight by approximately 4 g within 10 min, paralleled by V/Q mismatch and a shunt flow of approximately 15%. In lungs "primed" for 3 h by a preceding bronchoalveolar LPS deposition, the same ECH dose provoked a dramatic increase in PAP to 40 to 50 mm Hg, a weight gain of approximately 10 g, and shunt flow of 60%. Both vasoconstrictor response and V/Q mismatch were completely suppressed by preadministration and "rescue" application of the thromboxane receptor antagonist BM13.505. We conclude that a bronchoalveolar endotoxin load, though effecting no changes in pulmonary function by itself and showing no spillover into the vascular compartment, primes the lungs for a manifold increased vascular response to a subsequently infused exotoxin. Enhanced thromboxane-mediated vasoconstriction, largely redistributing perfusate flow from normally ventilated to shunt areas, is suggested as the predominant underlying event.
Cerebrospinal fluid acidosis complicating therapy of experimental cardiopulmonary arrest.
Authors: K J Berenyi, M Wolk, T Killip
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be followed by slow recovery of brain function. The possible role of bicarbonate therapy was assessed by analysis of arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 20 dogs during cardiac arrest and CPR. Samples were taken in the control period and every 5 minutes post-arrest of 20 minutes. Group I received no post-arrest CPR. Arterial pH fell from 7.37 to 7.31 (P less than 0.01) and CSF pH from 7.34 to 6.94 (P less than 0.001). Arterial pCO2 rose from 39 to 65 mm Hg (P less than 0.005) and CSF pCO2 increased from 47 to 123 (P less than 0.02). With CPR alone (group II) arterial pH decreased from 7.39 to 7.19 (P less than 0.005), while arterial pCO2 and CSF pH and pCO2 were undhanged. CPR with bicarbonate therapy (mEq = weight in kg times 0.43 times 1.1 mEq/min of arrest) given every 5 minutes (group III), resulted in a rise in arterial pH from 7.41 to 7.81 (P less than 0.02). Excess bicarbonate administration during CPR may result in a marked dissociation between arterial and CSF pH as a consequence of rapid CO2 diffusion across the blood-brain barrier. Large ampounts of NaHCO3 given during CPR may contribute to post-CPR cerebral depresssion.
NEW INSTRUMENTS.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: SETH SCOTT BISHOP
Journal: JAMA (1894)

DOUBLE RETRACTORS. The double retractors take the place of an assistant in keeping the soft tissues out of the way of the operator, and in controlling the hemorrhage during mastoid and other operations of like magnitude. The retractors consist of two shafts, each armed with a series of hooks that can be brought together and interlocked for insertion into the incision, when they can be separated and fixed at any desirable point up to two inches apart. After they have been drawn apart as far as may be required, the thumb screw on the fixation bar next to the hooks should be screwed down firmly into the bar, the handles should be pressed a little together until the tissues are well stretched as the distal ends of the retractors separate, then the thumb nut on the thread bar should be turned down against the movable handle. If the instrument is