tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
British Gastroenterologists' Care Profile for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Need for a Patients' Charter
Authors: C S J Probert, V Jayanthi, J F Mayberry
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1993)

The follow-up of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was investigated using a postal questionnaire sent to 359 members of the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG), of whom 235 replied. Of patients with IBD, 96% were weighed on each outpatient clinic review and over 60% had their full blood count checked. Although few centres (20%) have computerized recall of their patients for cancer surveillance, 96% did perform such surveillance on patients with ulcerative colitis. The mean duration of disease before surveillance was initiated was 9.6 years. Most clinicians (80%) only surveyed patients with disease extending beyond the transverse colon. Despite recent work on cancer risk age is relatively unimportant to 76% of clinicians in their decision to screen or not. Only 24% of clinicians undertake cancer surveillance in patients with Crohn's disease but these use similar criteria in their selection of patients. Few other tests were performed regularly. Clinic services vary considerably from centre to centre, 62% offer open access to patients with IBD, 8% have a stoma nurse in clinic and 17% a dietitian. Eighty-four per cent of respondents provide educational books and 22% videos. Forty-four per cent of clinicians refer patients for advice to fellow sufferers. We believe there should be a uniform minimum standard of care and services available in clinics throughout the United Kingdom and propose a patients' charter to ensure that this occurs. Such care profiles provide guidelines to those who need to develop standards for resource management.
Hepatitis C virus: a common triggering factor for both nodular vasculitis and Sjögren’s syndrome?
Authors: C. Cardinali, G. Gerlini, M. Caproni, N. Pimpinelli, P. Fabbri
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Hepatitis C virus: a common triggering factor for both nodular vasculitis and Sjögren's syndrome? Get access C. Cardinali, C. Cardinali Clinica Dermatologica II, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Pergola 58, 50121,Firenze, Italy E‐mail: fabbri@cesit1.unifi.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Gerlini, G. Gerlini Clinica Dermatologica II, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Pergola 58, 50121,Firenze, Italy E‐mail: fabbri@cesit1.unifi.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Caproni, M. Caproni Clinica Dermatologica II, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Pergola 58, 50121,Firenze, Italy E‐mail: fabbri@cesit1.unifi.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Pimpinelli, N. Pimpinelli Clinica Dermatologica II, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Pergola 58, 50121,Firenze, Italy E‐mail: fabbri@cesit1.unifi.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Fabbri P. Fabbri Clinica Dermatologica II, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Pergola 58, 50121,Firenze, Italy E‐mail: fabbri@cesit1.unifi.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 142, Issue 1, 1 January 2000, Pages 187–189, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03273.x Published: 01 January 2000
Significance of a spirometric obstructive pattern immediately after lung transplantation
Authors: Hendrik Suhling, Jessica Rademacher, Tobias Welte, Gregor Warnecke, Sabine Dettmer, Jens Gottlieb
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

To increase the donor pool, cadaveric lungs with extended donor criteria are increasingly accepted for lung transplantation.  In this study the impact and outcome of lung transplant recipients with an obstructive spirometric pattern as possible indicator of structural damaged lungs immediately after lung transplantations was investigated.  Analyzing all patients undergoing double lung transplantation between 1.09.2007 and 01.10.2009, we separated patients with obstructive (FEV1/VC   0.7) in pulmonary function tests 3 months after transplantation. Pulmonary function measurement including body phelthysmography, bronchoscopy, laboratory parameter, CT and outcome was analyzed up to 36 months after transplantation.  From 122 recipients included, 17 (14%) were identified with an obstructive pattern, these were older at transplantation and had a lower donor oxygenation index and significant higher TLC. Obstructive patients developed peak FEV1 earlier after LTx and developed significantly more frequently bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (47% vs. 14%).  Obstructive lung function pattern is associated with earlier development of BOS and might worsen the outcome after double lung transplantation. The OP in association with increase TLC and donor history suggests that the obstruction was of donor origin. Factors like smoking status, age of the donor lung and FiO2 were indicators of a later obstructive pattern in recipients.
Pathology and pathobiology of actinic (solar) keratosis - an update
Authors: J. Roewert-Huber, E. Stockfleth, H. Kerl
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Pathology and pathobiology of actinic (solar) keratosis – an update Get access J. Roewert‐Huber, J. Roewert‐Huber Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Correspondence: J. Roewert‐Huber. E‐mail: joachim.roewert@charite.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Stockfleth, E. Stockfleth Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Kerl H. Kerl Department of Dermatology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue s2, 1 December 2007, Pages 18–20, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08267.x Published: 01 December 2007
Insulin Control of Glucose Metabolism in Man
Authors: Paul A. Insel, John E. Liljenquist, Jordan D. Tobin, Robert S. Sherwin, Paul Watkins, Reubin Andres, Mones Berman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Analyses of the control of glucose metabolism by insulin have been hampered by changes in bloog glucose concentration induced by insulin administration with resultant activation of hypoglycemic counterregulatory mechanisms. To eliminate such mechanisms, we have employed the glucose clamp technique which allows maintenance of fasting blood glucose concentration during and after the administration of insulin. Analyses of six studies performed in young healthy men in the postabsorptive state utilizing the concurrent administration of [14C]glucose and 1 mU/kg per min (40 mU/m2 per min) porcine insulin led to the development of kinetic models for insulin and for glucose. These models account quantitatively for the control of insulin on glucose utilization and on endogenous glucose production during nonsteady states. The glucose model, a parallel three-compartment model, has a central compartment (mass = 68 +/- 7 mg/kg; space of distribution = blood water volume) in rapid equilibrium with a smaller compartment (50 +/- 17 mg/kg) and in slow equilibrium with a larger compartment (96 +/-21 mg/kg). The total plasma equivalent space for the glucose system averaged 15.8 liters or 20.3% body weight. Two modes of glucose loss are introduced in the model. One is a zero-order loss (insulin and glucose independent) from blood to the central nervous system; its magnitude was estimated from published data. The other is an insulin-dependent loss, occurring from the rapidly equilibrating compartment and, in the basal period, is smaller than the insulin-independent loss. Endogenous glucose production averaged 1.74 mg/kg per min in the basal state and enters the central compartment directly. During the glucose clamp experiments plasma insulin levels reached a plateau of 95 +/-8 microU/ml. Over the entire range of insulin levels studied, glucose losses were best correlated with levels of insulin in a slowly equilibrating insulin compartment of a three-compartment insulin model. A proportional control by this compartment on glucose utilization was adequate to satisfy the observed data. Insulin also rapidly decreased the endogenous glucose production to 33% of its basal level (0.58 mg/kg per min), this suppression being maintained for at least 40 min after exogenous insulin infusion was terminated and after plasma insulin concentrations had returned to basal levels. The change in glucose utilization per unit change in insulin in the slowly equilibrating insulin compartment is proposed as a new measure for insulin sensitivity. This defines insulin effects more precisely than previously used measures, such as plasma glucose/plasma insulin concentration ratios. Glucose clamp studies and the modeling of the coupled kinetics of glucose and insulin offers a new and potentially valuable tool to the study of altered states of carbohydrate metabolism.
Trimethylhydrazine Hydrochloride as a Tumor Inducer in Swiss Mice 2
Authors: Donald Nagel, Bela Toth, Robert Kupper, James Erickson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

A 0.05% solution of trimethylhydrazine hydrochloride (TMH) administered for a lifetime in drinking water to outbred Swiss albino mice, beginning at 6 weeks of age, induced tumors of blood vessels, lungs, and kidneys. The tumor incidences in these tissues in untreated controls were 5, 22, and 0%, whereas in the treated groups the corresponding tumor incidences increased to 85, 44, and 6%, respectively. Histopathologically, tumors were classified as angiosarcomas of blood vessels and adenomas of the lungs and kidneys. The study thus demonstrated the tumorigenicity of TMH. Contrary to expectation, the chemical structure modification apparently failed to alter qualitatively the tumorigenic response.
Measuring the health of the 2012 European green capital, Vitoria-Gasteiz: "The impact of air pollution and weather conditions on COPD"
Authors: Sophe García, Ines Carrascosa, Sandra Pedrero, Amando García, Merche Rodriguez, Txema Merino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: 

On October 21, 2010, the European Commission designated Vitoria-Gasteiz European Green Capital 2012. The air that the citizens breathe received the highest score given to any city. Only 65 km far away from Vitoria- Gasteiz, Bilbao is the second industrialized region of Spain, behind Barcelona.

Aims: 

To compare the impact of air pollution and weather conditions on COPD in two cities from the Basque Country, very close by distance, but with a different environmental scenario.

Methods: 

Between January 2010 and December 2010 in Santiago Hospital (Vitoria-Gasteiz) and Basurto Hospital (Bilbao) all admissions for COPD exacerbations were retrospectively evaluated. The daily average values of NO2 and Ozone (both oxidant air pollutants), and metheorology data were obtained from the Basque Meteorological Agency.

Results: 

Measuring air quality, in Vitoria-Gasteiz the NO2 exposure average was low. In contrast, in Bilbao, ozone concentration was >100 µg/m³ several times over the year.

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Pearson correlation for COPD exacerbations rate and air pollution was: Ozone: 0.74 and NO2: 0,73 (p<0,01). The weather correlation was no significant, but there was an inverse relation between higher NO2 levels and lower temperatures, (r:0,78;p<0,01).

Conclusions: 

This data shows that air quality improves health, comparing both cities. An increase of air pollution relates to more hospital admissions for COPD exacerbations. During winter NO2 levels could be related with an increase of heating use at home.
Influence of Seeding Density on Multicellular Organization and Nuclear Events in Cultures of Normal and Neoplastic Mouse Mammary Epithelium2
Authors: Nirmal K. Das, Howard L. Hoslck, S. Nandi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Normal mammary tissue, mammary tumors, and 16-day embryos (of BALB/c strain mice) were dissociated into single cells. These were plated at high (5×105 cells/cmt surface area), medium (1×105 cells/cm2), and low (1×104 cells/cm2) densities in a defined culture medium supplemented with fetal calf serum, insulin, and hydrocortisone. Cell shape, total DNA, DNA synthesis, and incidence of mitoses were determined and compared in the various cultures during the ensuing weeks. Epithelial cells seeded at high density grew to confluence and produced 3-dimensional multicellular structures called domes. Dome cells were similar to the surrounding monolayer cells in terms of DNA production and mitosis. Epithelial cells seeded at intermediate density grew to confluence but never produced domes. Epithelial cells seeded at low density became very spread out and thin, with many polyploid nuclei, and never became confluent. In the transplanted tumors used, more than 60% of the nuclei were initially 4C; these rapidly reached higher ploidies in low density culture. In contrast, nuclei of normal cells were uniformly 2C, and became polyploid only after several days in culture at low density. Cultures of normal and tumor-derived epithelial cells were similar in other respects at all 3 densities. In contrast to these cultured epithelia, embryo fibroblasts cultured under the same conditions grew to high densities of predominantly diploid cells at all the plating densities used. These observations are discussed in terms ot properties or fibroblasts versus epithelia and of normal versus neoplastic epithelia in culture.
Abstract 18221: Validation of Transient Ischemic Dilation Ratio Associated with Triple Vessel Disease in Gated SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) Using Regadenoson
Authors: Jonathan S Katz, Yuichi Shimada, Michael Herman, Malka Krupka, Maurice Rachko
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: In a recent retrospective study of 213 patients who underwent regadenoson MPI, the TID associated with severe disease was found to be 1.39 using non-obstructive disease on angiography t...
Highly purified CD34-positive cells reconstitute hematopoiesis.
Authors: C I Civin, T Trischmann, N S Kadan, J Davis, S Noga, K Cohen, B Duffy, I Groenewegen, J Wiley, P Law, A Hardwick, F Oldham, A Gee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to characterize CD34+ cell grafts, obtained using a novel technique, from children undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for cancer therapy. In particular, we wanted to determine if the CD34+ marrow cell grafts generated hematopoietic reconstitution, since a positive result would motivate further development and use of this methodology. PATIENTS AND METHODS This pilot feasibility clinical trial involved 13 patients &lt; or = 25 years of age with advanced solid tumors, including seven children with neuroblastoma. Harvested bone marrow underwent immunomagnetic CD34+ selection. RESULTS In three of 13 enrolled patients, low purities of the CD34+ preparations disqualified the use of the CD34+ marrow grafts. Ten patients received myeloablative chemotherapy with etoposide, carboplatin, and cyclophosphamide, then were transplanted with CD34+ marrow grafts. In the 10 patients transplanted with CD34(+)-selected cells, the CD34+ cell purity (nucleated RBCs excluded) in the cell graft preparation was 91% total cell recovery from the starting light-density cells 2.2%, CD34+ cell recovery 38%, colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) recovery 23%, and estimated tumor-cell depletion 2.6 logs (medians). The CD34+ marrow grafts administered to these patients contained a median of 2.3 x 10(6) nucleated cells, 1.4 x 10(6) CD34+ cells, and 1.3 x 10(4) CFU-GM per kilogram patient weight. Most patients experienced only the toxicities previously observed with this myeloblative chemotherapy regimen, although two unusual toxicities were observed. All 10 patients transplanted with CD34+ cell grafts engrafted. CONCLUSION The CD34+ purified grafts were enriched in stem/progenitor cells, with five of these 10 preparations containing &gt; or = 94% CD34+ cells. Engraftment with CD34(+)-purified cell grafts as pure as 99% confirms that autologous CD34+ cells, alone, are sufficient to provide hematopoietic rescue for myeloablated patients. The best purification results were obtained on small marrow harvests from patients with neuroblastoma. The engraftment of highly purified CD34+ cells obtained by this technology and the antitumor effect of the transplant, by which two of 10 poor prognosis patients remain clinically free of tumor, have stimulated further clinical trials.
European Medicines Agency approves first malaria vaccine:
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A vaccine against malaria has gained regulatory approval for the first time. Mosquirix, developed by GlaxoSmithKline, has been approved by the European Medicines Agency after trials showed modest but worthwhile effects in children aged between 6 weeks and 17 months.

The success came after years of largely unavailing effort to develop a vaccine against a disease that still kills more than 600 000 people a year, 90% of them in Africa and the vast …
Late-breaking abstract: Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 mediates inhibitory effects on eosinophils
Authors: Eva M. Sturm, Gerald P. Parzmair, Balázs Radnai, Robert B. Frei, Akos Heinemann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

We showed previously that E-type prostanoid (EP) 4 receptor activation protects against allergic responses by inhibiting eosinophil migration via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC). Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) has also been implicated in the regulation of neutrophil migration.

This study was carried out to elucidate whether PDK1 mediates the inhibitory effects of EP4 receptors on human eosinophil effector function.

Therefore, PDK1 signaling was investigated in shape change, chemotaxis, CD11b, respiratory burst and Ca(2+) flux assays. PDK1 expression and activity were assessed by immunofluorescence (A), Western blot (B) and flow cytometry (C).

![Figure][1] 



PDK1 inhibitors prevented the effects of EP4 agonists on shape change, integrin expression, chemotaxis, Ca(2+) flux and respiratory burst. Depending on the cellular function, PDK1 acts in a PI3K-dependent or –independent manner. EP4 stimulation caused PDK1 phosphorylation and induced nuclear shuttling of PDK1. The EP4-induced effect was effectively reversed by the Akt inhibitor triciribine. In support of this finding, the EP4 agonist induced a PI3K/PDK1-dependent increase in Akt phosphorylation.

Our data illustrate a critical role for PDK1 in transducing inhibitory signals on eosinophil effector function. Thus, our results suggest that PDK1 might serve as a novel therapeutic target in diseases involving eosinophilic inflammation, such as asthma.

 [1]: pending:yes
Lung clearance index in paediatric exercise induced asthma
Authors: Helen Sheridan, Debbie Miller, Jasneek Chawla, Kenneth Macleod, Nicholas Bell, Steve Cunningham
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction   Exercise induced bronchoconstriction is reported commonly by asthmatic children. We assessed whether lung clearance index (LCI) can detect it.   Methods   Following symptom questionnaire, spirometry, and Multiple Breath Washout (MBW, Innocor 0.2% SF 6 ), children performed a standard treadmill exercise challenge. One minute post exercise we measured MBW and spirometry. Measures repeated 10 mins post bronchodilatation. If baseline FEV 1  decreased > 20% baseline, testing only post salbutamol.   Results   21 asthma patients and 21 healthy controls (13M:8F, mean 12 yrs in both groups). In asthma LCI 7.2(0.7) (mean (SD)) significantly > control 6.8 (0.4), p=0.02. In asthma, post exercise LCI increase by 4.8(10.2)% (Fig 1), with no change in FEV 1 (-0.01(3.3)%). Post exercise LCI +1.4(5.5)% in healthy volunteers (ns). In those asthma with >20% fall FEV1 (n=3), post salbutamol LCI remained high, 8.0(0.3). Post exercise change in LCI higher in asthma who reported exercise intolerance; No symptoms 2.8(8.5)%; controlled symptoms 5.0(9.3)%; limited despite salbutamol 17.7(16.7)%. No trend for FEV 1 ; 0.3(3.9)%, vs -1.0(3.1)% vs -0.2(0.3)%.   Conclusions   LCI tends to rise following exercise. However rise in LCI was non-significant, consistent with the discrepancy between symptoms and altered lung function in asthmatic children. Change in LCI is greatest in the symptomatic, with largest LCI change in those reporting poor treatment response (not demonstrated by FEV 1 ).
Skin prick tests & identification of common household allergens in naso-bronchial allergic disorders in Southern India
Authors: Narayana Pradeepa, Prasanna Mithra, Pratibha Bhat
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: There are several allergens in the surroundings contributing to the symptoms and quality of life among the people with nasobronchial allergies. Their study would help in suggesting simple preventive measures for frequent exacerbations of nasobronchial allergy.Objectives:To study the clinico-epidemiological profile and the allergen sensitivity among them by using skin prick tests.Methods: In this descriptive study, 4140 skin prick tests were performed on 207 symptomatic cases of nasobronchial allergy, carried out in a hospital of Coastal South India between September 2008 & February 2013. Specific skin prick allergic tests were performed. Results: The mean age of the study population was 25.3 years. Among them, 53.6% were males. Allergic Rhinitis was present among 79.2%, sinus symptoms in 87.4% & chest symptoms in 60.9%. Also, 31.8% had family history. The skin prick test profile of the study population is given in table. Conclusions: Sinus symptoms were more common than the rest. Dust mite, Cockroach, mosquitoes,Parthenium,milk showed higher reactivity and most of these are preventable.

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Skin-prick test positivity
Belief about harmfulness of smoking waterpipe (shisha) as compared to cigarette smoking
Authors: Maria Malik, Umair Misbah, Quratul Ain Malik, Ashok Kumar, Shaista Ghazal, Nadeem Rizvi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

BACKGROUND:There is an increasing trend of smoking shisha amongst young people all over the world including Pakistan,without knowing its hazardous effects.  OBJECTIVE: To assess belief about harmfulness of smoking shisha as compared to cigarette smoking as per view of public.  METHODOLOGY:A questionnaire formed with the help of Chest Health and Education Society, was filled from 123 Pakistani students of age group 16-35 years. Subjects included shisha and cigarette smokers and non smokers.  Result: Analysis showed that 71% of cigarette and 56% of shisha users knew about its contents while rests were unaware. Shisha was more popular in 16-28 years of age group while people above 28 years prefer cigarette smoking. Among females,41% were found to be inclined towards shisha while 8% towards cigarette.For 20.3% subjects shisha was sign of modernization and social tool while 9.7% thought cigarette reduces stress.More people(19.5%) were comfortable in smoking shisha in front of their families while only 1.6% cigarette users had this comfort level.On questioning about quitting shisha,50.4% were not sure of the answer while 24.3% did not want to. With cigarette smoking, 31.7% people wanted to quit (p   Conclusion.  Shisha in today‘s world is considered a recreational tool rather than a drug; hence its popularity is reaching new heights.Parents permit their children to smoke shisha but shun cigarettes. Electronic media should put a ban on its advertisement and spread awareness regarding different forms of tobacco smoking.