tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Photosensitization of Trichophyton with 8-methoxypsoralen to UV-A light radiation
Authors: TAKESHI HORIO, SHOHEI WATANABE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

The photosensitization effect of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and subsequent long-wavelength ultraviolet(UV-A) irradiation on Trichophyton mentagrophytes was examined by in vitro, semi-in vivo, and in vivo experiments. A marked fungicidal effect of 8-MOP plus UV-A (PUVA) on suspensions of fungal spores was observed in vitro as measured by loss in colony-forming ability of T. mentagrophytes. 8-MOP application or UV-A irradiation alone did not show such an ability. The antifungal effect of PUVA was also observed on the infected scales obtained from experimental and clinical dermatophytosis. The in vivo activity of PUVA treatments was also demonstrated on the lesions of experimentally induced dermatophytosis in guinea-pigs. These observations suggest possible clinical applications of photochemotherapy on superficial fungal infections.
Thoracic, Thoraco-abdominal, and Abdominal Duplication
Authors: M. P. Shepherd
Journal: Thorax (1965)

Abdominal enteric duplication is a relatively com- mon congenital abnormality which is well annotated in the literature.Thoracic accessory enteric formations are less common, and thoraco- abdominal duplications are even more rare.The following case illustrates all forms of enteric duplications as described by Smith (1960), and no similar case can be found in the literature.CASE REPORT other there was no vertebral attachment but the lower, abdominal end had a wide muscular attachment to the stomach.Separation presented 85 VA
Clinical experience in the placement of a novel motility capsule by using a capsule delivery device in critical care patients
Authors: S. Rauch, K. Krueger, A. Turan, N. Roewer, D. Sessler
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Wireless motility capsules can be delivered to patients with impaired swallowing function or abnormal upper gastrointestinal anatomy with a net, snare, or capsule delivery device. However, few published studies report clinical application of capsule technology in critically ill patients [1]. We report the placement of a novel motility capsule (SmartPill, SmartPill Corp., Buffalo, New York, USA) in eight critically ill patients who were sedated, intubated, and mechanically ventilated.
Making amends: ecological restoration in the United States.
Authors: J Tibbetts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Restoring an ecosystem to its preindustrial state can be very difficult or impossible. The great majority of restoration projects put a high priority on the biological requirements of endangered species, often drawing ecologists into volatile political controversies over the rights of humans versus those of wildlife. Meanwhile, resource managers struggle to gain enough information about historical ecosystems to reconstruct them successfully. There are often difficult judgment calls when scientists try to redesign a system that has been degraded over many generations, and it's often confusing to decide which period of history to restore an ecosystem to. In addition, modern industrialized society continues to place extensive demands upon already-stressed, degraded ecosystems. Restoration projects in the Florida Everglades, Pacific Northwest riverine systems, and forests in the Southeast illustrate the challenges associated with ecological restoration.
S62 A Systematic Review of Factors Associated with Future Asthma Attacks to Inform a Risk Assessment Questionnaire
Authors: JD Blakey, K Woulnough, AC James, J Fellows, M Obeidat, V Navaratnam, T Stringfellow, ZW Yeoh, I Pavord, M Thomas, S Walker
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3></h3> Asthma attacks occur across all subtypes and severities of disease. Accurate quantification of asthma attack risk would enable targeting of interventions with a potential reduction in morbidity, mortality, and costs. We aimed to develop a risk assessment questionnaire underpinned by a systematic literature review. We searched major databases up to February 2012 using the terms: asthm* AND (exacerbati* OR admission) AND (risk OR predic* OR associat*) NOT review. Included studies were those in individuals &gt;12 years old with doctor-diagnosed asthma on treatment. Outcomes were asthma attacks defined as: deterioration of symptoms, fall in objective measures of airflow, and need for a short course of augmented asthma therapy OR admission to hospital OR attendance at emergency department. Statistical analysis was carried out using RevMan 5 and SPSS 19. 3536 unique publications were retrieved. After title screening and comparison of abstracts against a standard checklist and age criteria, data extraction was undertaken in duplicate on the remaining 143 papers (see figure). Of 18 major research themes identified, 8 factors had a consistent and clinically important (OR&gt;1.25) association with asthma attacks across publications free from major bias. The questionnaire derived from these factors is shown below. Simplified weighting is proportional to the effect size when expressed as an odds ratio (in brackets). I smoke (3) I take fewer than 8 out of 10 prescribed doses of my regular preventer medication (3) In the last month I have used my reliever inhaler more than once per day on average (3) I sneeze, or get a runny, or a blocked nose when I do not have a cold (2) In the last 5 years, I have attended a hospital emergency department or been admitted to hospital because of asthma (2) I have a body mass index of ≥ 30 (1) I have not received asthma related education or a written asthma management plan (1) I left school before sitting my A-levels/highers (1) In summary, we systematically identified factors from the literature that are independently associated with the risk of asthma attack. These factors inform a questionnaire which will require validation and subsequent impact assessment.
Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor and von Willebrand Factor Antigen Levels in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and in a Primate Model of Sepsis
Authors: Arun K. Sabharwal, S. Paul Bajaj, Afshin Ameri, Sally M. Tricomi, Thomas M. Hyers, Thomas E. Dahms, Fletcher B. Taylor, Madhu S. Bajaj
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an anticoagulant protein primarily synthesized by the endothelium. A major fraction (∼85%) of TFPI remains associated with the endothelium, whereas a small fraction (∼15%) is secreted into the blood. In our attempts to search for a marker(s) of endothelial injury in the setting of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we retrospectively measured plasma TFPI levels in patients at risk for and with ARDS caused by several etiologic factors. Plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF-Ag), another endothelial-specific protein, was also measured in these patients. The mean plasma TFPI levels were slightly elevated (∼ 1.3-fold), whereas vWF-Ag levels were significantly elevated (∼ 3-fold) in the at-risk group as compared with those in the normal subjects. Both the TFPI (∼ 1.8-fold) and the vWF-Ag (∼ 4-fold) levels were further elevated in the ARDS group. Moreover, the sequential plasma samples from patients with ARDS had progressively increased levels of vWF-Ag and TFPI up to Days 4 and 8, respectively. Neither plasma vWF-Ag nor TFPI levels correlated with mortality in the at-risk group or the ARDS group. TFPI levels were also measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). The levels (ng/ml) were: normal subjects, 0.05 ± 0.02 SE; at-risk group, 0.35 ± 0.16 SE; ARDS group, 0.99 ± 0.28 SE. Thus, the BALF TFPI levels were increased ∼ 7-fold in the at-risk group and ∼ 20-fold in the ARDS group relative to the value in the normal subjects. These findings indicate increased local synthesis of TFPI in the alveolar space both in the at-risk patients and in those with ARDS. In additional studies in a primate model of sepsis, lethal doses (LD100) of E. coli administered to baboons resulted in a progressive increase in TFPI levels (∼ 2-fold at 6 h), whereas sublethal doses caused only minimal increase (∼ 1.2-fold). The vWF-Ag levels were elevated ∼ 5-fold after infusion of LD100 concentrations of E. coli at 6 hand 4-fold after infusion of sublethal concentrations of E. coli at 24 h. Autopsies on animals in the LD100 group revealed pulmonary congestion, leukocyte infiltration, edema, and hemorrhage, all suggestive of acute lung injury. Thus, in the setting of acute lung injury plasma vWF-Ag appears to be considerably increased prior to significant damage to the endothelium, whereas increased plasma TFPI occurs only after severe injury. Increased levels of TFPI in BALF of at-risk patients and of those with ARDS appear to represent increased synthesis in the alveolar space rather than exudation of plasma TFPI.
Anesthesia Care for Low-Risk Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopies
Authors: Azriel Perel
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Authors' reply to Bayley and Cave
Authors: J. Newton-Bishop, P. Lorigan
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Our editorial was about a new technology being tested to improve diagnostic accuracy in primary care.1 2 On the basis of the study’s findings we intended to support targeted education of primary healthcare teams and specialisation within teams to maximise diagnostic accuracy and referral in primary care, not to criticise primary healthcare physicians.3 4 We understand the difficulties of diagnosis in both primary and secondary …
US woman wins compensation in breast implant case
Authors: T. L Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A jury in Reno, Nevada, has awarded a total of $14.1m (pounds sterling9.3m) to a woman who claimed that leaking silicone from breast implants had caused her intense injury and debilitation. The case was against the chemical giant Dow Chemical, the parent company of Dow Corning, which manufactured the implants. This is the first case in which Dow Chemical has been held liable for its daughter company's actions, but, with 13000 cases pending in which Dow Chemical is the defendant or codefendant, it is unlikely to be the last.

The woman, Charlotte Mahlum, and her husband, Marvin, were awarded $4.1m (pounds sterling2.7m) in compensatory damages; a second award was also made of …
Which Antihypertensive Drugs First— and Why!
Authors: Michael H. Alderman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

PREVENTION of cardiovascular disease and extension of life are the goals of antihypertensive treatment. These objectives have been convincingly achieved in clinical trials using diuretic and βblockade therapy.<sup>1,2</sup>Now, however, an expansion of therapeutic options has created a practical dilemma. Clinicians must select hypotensive therapy that properly balances the hard knowledge gained from clinical trials with reasonable hopes raised by new drugs with important theoretical advantages. It was not always so. Twenty years ago, treatment decisions were rather simple. Diuretics, guanethidine, reserpine, hydralazine, and methyldopa were the available and approved choices. In the Veterans Administration (VA) study, diuretics and reserpine had been the basic agents.<sup>3</sup>Initial consensus recommendations were to begin drug therapy with a diuretic, adding second or third drugs as needed to attain blood pressure control.<sup>4</sup> No less than 13 large controlled trials thereafter confirmed and extended the conclusions drawn from the VA trial.<sup>1,2</sup>
TOXICITY OF UREA AND ITS ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF UREMIA*
Authors: Evelyn Frances Grollman, Arthur Grollman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

It is generally assumed that urea is nontoxic and that even the high concentrations present in uremia are innocuous and do not contribute to the symptoms encountered in this condition.In sup- port of this assumption is the fact that the blood in the elasmobranch fishes contains 330 to 440 mM (about 2 per cent) of urea per L. The origi- nal purpose of the present study was to utilize this assumed inertness of urea in order to determine the effect of the presence of one molecular species in high concentration on the electrolyte and water composition of the body.However, it soon became apparent that urea in high concentrations, con- trary to the generally accepted notion, was lethal and that many of the abnormalities noted in ure- mia could be elicited by this substance.METHODS General procedure.Intermittent peritoneal lavage, as described elsewhere (1), was utilized to maintain the de- sired level of urea in the extracellular fluid of the nephrec- tomized dog.The kidneys were removed under ether anesthesia through the dorsolumbar approach with an in- terval of 7 to 14 days between the two operations.Sterile solutions available commercially (Peridial®)1 or prepared as described previously (1) were utilized for the peritoneal exchanges.One L. of the solution, the electrolyte and water composition of which approximated normal extracellular fluid, was injected intraperitoneally and exchanged, twice daily (2).Varying amounts of urea (5 to 30 Gm. per L.) were added to these solutions in order to maintain the concentration at the desired level.The animals were killed by exsanguination after 4 to 10 days, at a time when they manifested severe symptoms of uremia.Analytical procedures.The tissues were placed in dry, glass-stoppered weighing bottles and dried in vacuo at 40°C. to constant weight.They were then defatted with petroleum ether, dried again, reweighed and extracted
Referred shoulder pain (C4 dermatome) can adversely impact diaphragm pacing with intramuscular electrodes
Authors: Capucine Morélot-Panzini, Françoise Le Pimpec-Barthes, Fabrice Menegaux, Jésus Gonzalez-Bermejo, Thomas Similowski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Diaphragm pacing is an alternative to mechanical ventilation in patients with high cervical cord damage (>C4 dermatome). It brings clinical benefits and reduces health costs [1–3]. It is also indicated in certain cases of central hypoventilation [4]. Two types of diaphragm pacing devices are commercially available. With intrathoracic phrenic stimulation, electrodes are implanted around the phrenic nerves in the thorax (Avery Biomedical, Commack, NY, USA; and Atrotech, Tampere, Finland). Nerve dissection during a video-assisted mini-thoracotomy allows intimate contact of the stimulating electrodes with the nerve [5]. Stimulating currents typically range between 0.3–3.5 mA [6]. With intradiaphragmatic stimulation, hook wire electrodes are laparoscopically implanted in the diaphragm in the vicinity of the phrenic nerve termination (Synapse Biomedical, USA) [in 5]. Stimulating currents typically range between 5–20 mA. In quadriplegic patients, intradiaphragmatic phrenic stimulation is effective [7] and has been advocated as easier to implement and less expensive than its intrathoracic counterpart [5]. In patients who retain spontaneous diaphragm activity, this approach is appealing because it is devoid of the theoretical risk of procedure-induced phrenic nerve damage associated with the intrathoracic route. For these reasons, we implanted intradiaphragmatic phrenic stimulators in four hypoventilation patients after the device was authorised in France in 2010. In France, both intrathoracic and intradiaphragmatic diaphragm pacing are authorised and reimbursed by social security in quadriplegia and central hypoventilation and are managed at a single multidisciplinary centre nationwide. Diaphragm pacing with intramuscular electrodes causes pain in central hypoventilation patients without spinal lesions <http://ow.ly/IItjY> The authors are grateful to Paul Robinson for editing English style and grammar.
Depression in childhood. 2. A psychoanalytic approach.
Authors: R Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1990)

high response rates0 or evidence of a relation between plasma concentrations of drugs and clinical response.T hese studies have, however, been criticised, on the basis of design difficulties, small sample size, and lack of placebo control.In a more recent double blind placebo controlled study of 53 children, plasma concentrations of drugs were linearly associated with clinical response, but overall the results did not support the hypothesis that imipramine is effective in prepubertal depression.'Two controlled studies have examined the effectiveness of tricyclic antidepressants in major depression after puberty.'°"Both studies had limitations, and neither showed evidence of efficacy of drug treatment.Thus, at best, adolescents with major depressive disorders show a partial response to tricyclic anti- depressants.A recent study of adolescents with depression refractory to tricyclics showed a high response rate to treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, strongly suggesting the need for further research in this age group. 2 Thus, to date, an improvement in assessment and classification of major depression in young patients, combined with increased rigour of research methods, seems to have challenged the earlier optimism about the use of antidepressants in this group.The rationale for the use ofthese drugs remains compelling, however, and active research continues.There is a great need for well designed studies on this subject.
A PLEA FOR A SQUARE DEAL FOR THE WET NURSE.WET-NURSING OF FOUNDLINGS A PERNICIOUS PRACTICE AND SHOULD BE ABANDONED.
Authors: WILLIAM T. WATSON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In Baltimore the care of foundlings devolves on the Board of Supervisors of City Charities. This board is composed of our best citizens, and its personnel will, I am sure, compare favorably with that of any similar board in this country. It is guided only by the best of motives. In matters medical they will, I have no doubt, be glad to act on the opinions of the medical profession and will welcome any light that may be shed on the subject of wet-nursing city babies by its discussion here. I wish it understood that I am not criticising the board of charities, but only the practice of wet-nursing foundlings which it adopted in good faith, a practice which is in vogue in certain New York institutions on whose boards are some of the leading members of this Section. <h3>A Case in Point.</h3> —About a year ago Mrs. M., a
Nitrites--to ban or not to ban?
Authors: B J Culliton, W K Waterfall
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Washington, DC-Science tends to assume a pained expression when it is invoked by Government to justify an action that predictably will be unpopular.A current example is seen in the United States, where a regulatory proposal would make a great change in what people eat.The Government wants to remove nitrite that is added in the curing process to hot dogs, bacon, ham, sausage, cold cuts, smoked fish, roe, poultry, some imported cheeses, and even canned dog food.The proposal is based on a new study from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which raises the possi- bility that ingestion of nitrite by rats is associated with the development of lymphomas and other lymphoreticular system changes.The importance of the MIT study depends on who is describing it.The Food and Drug Administration, which sponsored it, says that the findings "constitute confirmation that nitrite is an animal carcinogen," that it "induces cancer when ingested by laboratory rats."Paul M Newberne, of the MIT Department of Nutrition and Food Science, who conduc- ted the study, reported only that "While the results do not permit assigning nitrite a proximate carcinogenic role in the induction of lymphoreticular tumors, an enhancing effect is evident."But we diverge.
The Bell Tolls for Decompression?
Authors: Kedar Karim Adour
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The petrous pyramid of the temporal bone has long hidden the secrets of the facial nerve — so effectively that in considering this region, researchers have found it difficult to separate fact from fancy. During the first decades of this century, the most prolific writers about the age-old disease that is known as idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy) were neurologists; Waterman's1 article, published in 1909, remains a classic. Since 1932, when Ballance and Duel2 introduced surgical decompression of the facial nerve, otolaryngologists have largely dispossessed the neurologists of their therapeutic primacy with respect to this disease.Surgical treatment of Bell's . . .
Life support for 10 weeks with successful fetal outcome after fatal maternal brain damage.
Authors: J E Heikkinen, R I Rinne, S M Alahuhta, J A Lumme, M E Koivisto, P P Kirkinen, K A Sotaniemi, L S Nuutinen, P A Jarvinen
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A 31 year old woman in whom subarachnoid and intracerebral haemorrhage occurred during the second trimester of pregnancy was sustained in intensive care with a respirator for 10 weeks. Computed tomography of the brain showed bilateral intraventricular haemorrhages. Because of drug resistant hypotonic episodes at 31 weeks9 gestation caesarean section was performed, and a boy was delivered. The woman died of spontaneous cardiac arrest two days after caesarean section, and the boy showed normal development. Life support can be continued for several weeks in a modern intensive care unit after fatal insult to the brain even in a pregnant woman without affecting the fetus.