tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
p53 gene and Wnt signaling in benign neoplasms: β-catenin mutations in hepatic adenoma but not in focal nodular hyperplasia
Authors: Ya-Wen Chen, Yung-Ming Jeng, Shiou-Hwei Yeh, Pei-Jer Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Hepatocellular adenoma (HA) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) are 2 rare, benign liver neoplasms that often are discovered incidentally. To date, few genetic changes have been found in these 2 benign lesions. However, the 2 pathways of p53 and Wnt signaling, which may be the most common molecular targets involved in liver tumorgenesis, were studied in HA and FNH. Ten HAs and 11 FNHs were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and sequencing analysis of mutation hot spots in exons 5 to 8 of the p53 gene. No LOH or mutant sequences were identified, indicating that p53 was not associated with these benign lesions. Genes in the Wnt signaling pathway, including beta-catenin, axin, and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), also were studied. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and direct sequencing of all samples of HA and FNH displayed no mutations in exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene. However, 3 HAs (30%) contained interstitial deletions from exon 3 to exon 4. Truncated forms of beta-catenin detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed they had accumulated in the cytoplasm and nuclei. However, for the axin and APC genes, no genetic changes, including allelic loss, interstitial deletions and point mutations, were detected in any of the HAs and FNHs. In conclusion, beta-catenin, which participates in the Wnt signaling pathway, might play a more important role in the formation of HA than in that of FNH, but p53 is not associated with the development of either HA or FNH.
The significance of enzyme histochemical patterns in carcinomas of the large intestine in man
Authors: F. McGinty, G. Delides, D. Harrison
Journal: Gut (1973)

The activities of 13 enzymes in 40 carcinomas of the large bowel have been studied using histochemical techniques. Five enzymes-non-specific esterase, monoamine oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, and acid phosphatase-commonly show much less activity in the tumours than in adjacent normal colon. The tumours have been classified based upon the number of enzymes which show marked reduction in activity in each tumour (types 1-5). The enzyme histochemical type and the size of the tumours have been jointly correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis. Small type 1 or 2 tumours do not appear to be associated with metastatic disease. Small type 5 tumours were commonly associated with secondary carcinoma in the lymph nodes. Large tumours (greater than 25 sq cm surface area) of any histochemical type were frequently associated with lymph node metastasis. Discussion of the possible reasons for these findings and their clinical significance is presented.
Effects of adrenergic amines on electrophysiological properties and automaticity of neonatal and adult canine Purkinje fibers: evidence for alpha- and beta-adrenergic actions.
Authors: M R Rosen, A J Hordof, J P Ilvento, P Danilo
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

We determined age-related differences in automaticity and responsiveness of cardiac Purkinje fibers from adult and neonatal dogs to graded concentrations of epinephrine, isoproterenol, and phenylephrine. Purkinje fibers were studied with standard microelectrode techniques during superfusion with Tyrode's solution at 37 degrees C. Control spontaneous rates for adults and neonates did not differ significantly. There was a biphasic response to all agonists such that rate decreased at low and increased at high concentrations. The decrease was greater with phenylephrine and epinephrine than with isoproterenol. The increase in rate was greater with isoproterenol and epinephrine than with phenylephrine. Propranolol shifted the dose-response curves downward and to the right for all agonists; phentolamine, shifter the curves upward and to the left. Epinephrine and isoproterenol dose-response curves for the neonates were upward and to the left of those for adults. Phenylephrine curves were identical for adults and neonates. Thus there are alpha- and beta-adrenergic effects on Purkinje fiber automaticity; the former decrease and the latter increase rate. Furthermore, the effects on automiticity of beta-adrenergic amines are greater in the neonates than in the adult.
1042-78 Does chronic infection with chlamydia pneumoniae influence the prognosis of acute coronary syndromes? insights from a nested matched case-control substudy of the GUSTO IV acute coronary syndromes trial
Authors: Cynthia M Westerhout, Judy Gnarpe, Wei-Ching Chang, Elliot S Barnathan, Eric Boersma, Stefan James, Robert M Califf, Maarten L Simoons, Paul W Armstrong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Cancer of the Face and Mouth: Pathology and Management for Surgeons
Authors: George E. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This "atlas" of orofacial surgery is described by the authors as reflecting their personal experience in the treatment of benign and malignant lesions. It is a "how I do it" book. The emphasis is on the practical excision of malignancies of various kinds, sites, and sizes, affecting the face, facial structures, oral cavity, and salivary glands, but not the pharynx, larynx, thyroid, or parathyroids. Reconstructions by grafts and flaps mirror the authors' experience. There are no data on the outcome of the procedures, morbidity and mortality rates, or the number and kind of secondary procedures required. The authors emphasize the importance of experience—the surgeon "with a nose for it"—rather than published data. One can sympathize with this attitude; however, the "nose" can also be an errant guide, as is depicted by the photographs (on p 366) of radical surgery for extensive malignant melanoma. Pathology is included in the title, but,
Endothelial cells in infantile haemangiomas originate from the child and not from the mother (a fluorescence in situ hybridization-based study)
Authors: S. Régnier, N. Dupin, C. Le Danff, M. Wassef, O. Enjolras, S. Aractingi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Infantile haemangiomas are benign vascular tumours of infancy of unknown origin. Their aetiological relationship to maternal cells has been questioned given that they develop during the neonatal period.As endothelial cells in the placenta may be of maternal or fetal origin, we questioned whether vascular haemangioma cells originated from fetal or maternal tissue.We aimed to detect, by using fluorescence in situ hybridization, maternal XX cells in the male XY tissue in four specimens of infantile haemangiomas obtained from boys. A sample of a female infantile haemangioma was used as a positive control and a male specimen of melanocytic naevus as a negative control.In one case of infantile haemangioma, a single XX female - probably maternal - cell was detected in the infantile haemangioma. All the other cells from this male as well as the three other informative specimens were uniformly negative for XX cell detection.Our results support the hypothesis that endothelial cells of infantile haemangiomas appear to derive from the child itself, in accordance with other studies.
1138-66 Can intravascular ultrasound guided cutting balloon angioplasty before stenting be a substitute for drug eluting stent? Final results of the prospective randomized multicenter trial comparing cutting balloon with balloon angioplasty before stenting (reduce III)
Authors: Yukio Ozaki, Takahiko Suzuki, Tetsu Yamaguchi, Masato Nakamura, Michihiko Kitayama, Hideo Nishikawa, Teruo Inoue, Fumihiko Usuba, Kazuhiro Hara, Masami Sakurada, Kojiro Awano, Toru Kobayashi, Katsumi Ueno, Mikihiro Kijima, Yasushi Asakura, Sugao Ishiwata, Tatsuya Yasukawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
PTSD Prevalence Still High for Persons Living Near World Trade Center Attacks
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

THE CONTINUING EFFECTS OF THE terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, are providing researchers new insights into the course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The latest discovery comes from investigators associated with the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, who found that Manhattan residents living near the World Trade Center towers are vulnerable to PTSD years after the buildings collapsed. Their findings were released on June 13 (DiGrande L et al. J Trauma Stress. 2008;21[3]:264-273). In a survey of 11 037 residents living south of Canal Street in the lower part of Manhattan at the time of the attacks, the researchers found that even 2 or 3 years after the event, the prevalence of probable PTSD was 12.6%— about 3 or 4 times the rate seen in the general population. The findings add to earlier research showing that PTSD rates spiked nationally and in New York City as a whole during the first few months following the attacks but rapidly fell depending on how far one lived from the disaster. One study found that 11.2% of residents in the New York City metropolitan area had probable PTSD during the month following September 11, but only 0.6% reported having PTSD 6 months later (Galea S et al. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;158[6]:514-524). Another study found 7.5% of New York City metropolitan area residents had probable PTSD 1 to 2 months after the event compared with 4% in the rest of the country (Schlenger WE et al. JAMA. 2002;288[5]:581-588). LauraDiGrande,DrPH,MPH,leadauthorofthemostrecentstudy,saidshewas not surprised toseehigher ratesofPTSD among people living near the towers. “They had the highest level of exposure to 9/11—they were more likely to be injured, or be caught in the dust cloud, or tohavewitnessedthehorrorsof theday,” said DiGrande, who is also research director for injury epidemiology with the New York Health Department. Subset analysis revealed higher prevalence rates of PTSD among women
Intrathoracic Tuberculous Lymphadenopathy in Adults
Authors: Sandeep Dhand
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE INCIDENCE of pulmonary tuberculosis in the United States has decreased so dramatically over the last few decades<sup>1</sup>that the disease is frequently unrecognized on admission to general as well as to urban teaching hospitals.<sup>2,3</sup>The change in the clinical and roentgenographic spectrum of pulmonary tuberculosis in the adult has recently been emphasized by Khan et al.<sup>4</sup>Mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy secondary to tuberculosis, though common in children with primary tuberculosis,<sup>5,6</sup>has been reported as an unusual mode of presentation of tuberculosis in the adult.<sup>4,7,8</sup>This type of nodal enlargement usually suggests the presence of a malignant process or sarcoidosis, and tuberculosis is often not considered in the differential diagnosis.<sup>9,10</sup> This study is a retrospective analysis of 33 cases of adult tuberculosis with intrathoracic lymphadenopathy detected during the last 20 years at this institution and at the Philadelphia General Hospital. The purpose of this
Communications Breakdown: Cause and Cure
Authors: Martin R. Lipp
Journal: JAMA (1975)

While the author does not specifically define his audience, this volume will probably have more appeal to the psychiatrist than to other physicians. The author's thesis is that "inescapable oral needs of an individual are emotionally met in the subtle communicative processes of interpersonal relationships." Communication failures, according to him, therefore arise "when oral needs are unconsciously perceived as frustrated—in a person who is already guilty enough to be repressing anger." The focus is the psychotherapeutic hour, where the author uses lengthy clinical vignettes to show how he applies his beliefs in working with specific patients. Transference phenomena receive considerable attention in this presentation. This is not a review or overview (only one of the nine chapters contains a bibliography), but rather an exposition of the personal, predominantly psychoanalytic views the author has been developing over the past 15 years. Unfortunately, the book's format and spotty editing do not aid
Procarbazine Therapy for Hodgkin's Disease in Early Pregnancy
Authors: James H. Wells
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Procarbazine hydrochloride, an antineoplastic agent, a teratogen, and a carcinogen, was given to a patient with Hodgkin's disease during the first 5 1/2 weeks of her pregnancy, and a normal infant was delivered. Based on past experience with chemotherapeutic agents given to pregnant women with Hodgkin's disease, the authors present a program of management for the pregnant patient with Hodgkin's disease.
The Distribution of Coccidioidomycosis.
Authors: Roger O. Egeberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964The Distribution of Coccidioidomycosis.Roger O. Egeberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Roger O. Egeberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-807_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe spotty distribution of C. immitis within endemic areas has been puzzling. Studies of one small parcel of virgin land where C. immitis has been recovered repeatedly—including the chemistry and the presence of organisms antagonistic to C. immitis—indicate that the growth of C. immitis is somewhat enhanced by sodium and calcium salts and that these same two salts depress the growth of two important antagonists. A third antagonist is unable to survive in the spring and summer temperatures commonly found in the soil of the area.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Loma Linda, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDetection and phylogenetic analysis of Coccidioides posadasii in Arizona soil samples 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 807-807KeywordsCalciumCoccidioidomycosisSaltsSodiumTemperature Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Morphoea (localised scleroderma) in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease.
Authors: D N Golding
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

An 18 year old girl concurrently developed skin lesions of morphoea (localised scleroderma) and pain and swelling of the hands and fingers. There were no dermatological or systemic signs of systemic sclerosis. The immunological features (high titred speckled antinuclear antibody, negative DNA binding, high titred positive anti-RNP and negative anti-Sm antibodies, speckled nuclear Ig fluorescence in the epidermis of the skin lesions) were consistent with mixed connective tissue disease, and it is suggested that the morphoea represented a component of this condition.
Increased storage of iron and anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: usefulness of desferrioxamine.
Authors: N Giordano, A Fioravanti, S Sancasciani, R Marcolongo, C Borghi
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<normal cycling."The other injuries followed various stunts, including cycling up ramps (three) or performing specific BMX tricks such as "aerials," "jumps," "American bunny hops," "endos," "wheelies," and so on.No biker had received any supervised training in BMX riding or the correct perfor- mance of stunts.Only one boy was known to be wearing any protective clothing (a helmet and elbow pads) and he was riding his bike on a recognised BMX track.No injuries occurred as a result of mechanical failure of a bicycle. 2
Supervised injectable heroin treatment is expensive but cost effective, report says
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Medicinal heroin is being used successfully in several countries as a second line treatment for chronic heroin users previously considered untreatable, says a new report from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.

The report describes the treatment as “an important clinical step forward” and provides an overview of research on the subject setting out evidence and clinical experience gained in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland, countries where supervised injectable heroin treatment is legally available to long term, refractory opioid users. In Spain and Canada it may be used in research trials.

Presenting the report, Wolfgang Gotz, the centre’s …
Computer Programs to Support Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Lee A. Norman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To  Editor.—  The excellent articles by Dr Shortliffe 1 and Barnett et al 2 in  July 3, 1987, issue of JAMA effectively update  reader as to  status of computer-assisted decision support tools that are becoming available to physicians. I think they could have emphasized even more one of  benefits that results from systems such as DXplain and others that will be developed: improved quality of patient care. With  current emphasis on quality assurance in all areas of medical practice, such systems offer promise for actually doing something to improve care. Information-driven support tools, as described by McDonald 3 and others, 4 suggest that the individual physician is non-perfectable, and systems that provide information to physicians have been shown to improve  quality of care.  Traditional methods of quality assurance based on retrospective chart reviews and process studies followed by physician education have generally not
Comparison of Methods for Delivering a Lifestyle Modification Program for Obese Patients
Authors: Andres G. Digenio
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Physicians frequently prescribe medications for weight loss but offer minimal lifestyle counseling despite the additional benefits of combining both interventions. Objective: To compare 5 methods of delivering a lifestyle modification program to obese patients receiving sibutramine. Design: Randomized, 6-month, open-label study. Participants were assigned to intervention groups by using a computer-generated schedule of randomly permuted blocks. Block length was 5. Setting: 12 independent research clinics with experience running obesity trials. Patients: 376 patients with obesity (body mass index ≥30 and <40 kg/m2). Intervention: High-frequency face-to-face lifestyle modification counseling (HF-F2F) (n = 74), low-frequency face-to-face counseling (LF-F2F) (n = 76), high-frequency telephone counseling (HF-TEL) (n = 76), high-frequency e-mail counseling (HF-EMAIL) (n = 74), or no dietitian contact (self-help [SELF]) (n = 76). All participants received sibutramine, 10 mg/d; a lifestyle manual; and access to a weight-loss Web site. Measurements: Percentage change in body weight at 6 months was the primary outcome. Secondary end points included changes in waist circumference; lipid, glucose, and insulin levels; blood pressure; weight-related symptoms; and quality of life at 6 months. Results: At 6 months, the mean weight loss, relative to baseline, in the HF-F2F and HF-TEL groups was similar (8.9% [95% CI, 8.0% to 9.8%] and 7.7% [CI, 6.8% to 8.7%]) and significantly greater than that in the other groups (LF-F2F, 6.4% [CI, 5.4% to 7.3%]; HF-EMAIL, 5.9% [CI, 5.0% to 6.8%]; and SELF, 5.2% [CI, 4.3% to 6.1%]). All groups showed significant improvements in waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and measures of quality of life and weight-related symptoms. There were no serious adverse events and no differences in minor events among groups. Limitation: Most participants were women, and the attrition rate was 30%. Conclusion: High-frequency telephone contact with a dietitian was similar to HF-F2F contact for supporting lifestyle modification in obese patients trying to lose weight. The findings might be used by providers and health systems to promote healthy lifestyle changes for their patients. Funding: Pfizer Global Research and Development.
Effects of chronic ethanol feeding on rat hepatocytic glutathione. Relationship of cytosolic glutathione to efflux and mitochondrial sequestration.
Authors: J C Fernandez-Checa, M Ookhtens, N Kaplowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Chronic ethanol feeding to rats increases the sinusoidal component of hepatic glutathione (GSH) efflux, despite a lower steady-state GSH pool size. In the present studies, no increase of biliary GSH efflux in vivo was found in chronic ethanol-fed cells. Studies were performed on ethanol-fed and pair-fed cells to identify the kinetic parameters of cellular GSH concentration-dependent efflux. The relationship between cytosolic GSH and the rate of efflux was modeled by the Hill equation, revealing a similar Vmax, 0.22 +/- 0.013 vs. 0.20 +/- 0.014 nmol/min per 10(6) cells for ethanol-fed and pair-fed cells, respectively, whereas the Km was significantly decreased (25.3 +/- 2.3 vs. 33.5 +/- 1.4 nmol/10(6) cells) in ethanol-fed cells. The difference in Km was larger when the data were corrected for the increased water content in ethanol-fed cells. We found a direct correlation between mitochondria and cytosolic GSH, revealing that mitochondria from ethanol-fed cells have less GSH at all cytosolic GSH values. The rate of resynthesis in depleted ethanol-fed cells in the presence of methionine and serine was similar to control cells and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase remained unaffected by chronic ethanol. However, the reaccumulation of mitochondrial GSH as the cytosolic pool increased was impaired in the ethanol cells. The earliest time change in GSH regulation was a 50% decrease in the mitochondrial GSH at 2 wk.
Fibrin-binding, peptide amphiphile micelles for targeting glioblastoma
Authors: Eun Ji Chung, Yu Cheng, Ramin Morshed, Kathryn Nord, Yu Han, Michelle L. Wegscheid, Brenda Auffinger, Derek A. Wainwright, Maciej S. Lesniak, Matthew V. Tirrell
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)

Glioblastoma-targeted drug delivery systems facilitate efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to malignant gliomas, while minimizing systemic toxicity and side effects. Taking advantage of the fibrin deposition that is characteristic of tumors, we constructed spherical, Cy7-labeled, targeting micelles to glioblastoma through the addition of the fibrin-binding pentapeptide, cysteine-arginine-glutamic acid-lysine-alanine, or CREKA. Conjugation of the CREKA peptide to Cy7-micelles increased the average particle size and zeta potential. Upon intravenous administration to GL261 glioma bearing mice, Cy7-micelles passively accumulated at the brain tumor site via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and Cy7-CREKA-micelles displayed enhanced tumor homing via active targeting as early as 1 h after administration, as confirmed via in vivo and ex vivo imaging and immunohistochemistry. Biodistribution of micelles showed an accumulation within the liver and kidneys, leading to micelle elimination via renal clearance and the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Histological evaluation showed no signs of cytotoxicity or tissue damage, confirming the safety and utility of this nanoparticle system for delivery to glioblastoma. Our findings offer strong evidence for the glioblastoma-targeting potential of CREKA-micelles and provide the foundation for CREKA-mediated, targeted therapy of glioma.
Remote Electrocardiography
Authors: Stephen Scheidt
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Two hundred three electrocardiograms were sent by 27 patients without assistance over standard telephone lines by means of a small device capable of multiple electrocardiographic lead transmission and automatic switching. Five patients with infrequently occurring symptoms were shown not to have paroxysmal arrhythmia. One with atypical chest pain had S-T segment elevation in a single electrocardiographic lead with pain, thus confirming the diagnosis of "variant angina." Drug dosage and other therapy of non-life-threatening arrhythmia were facilitated in eight patients. There were neither clinical nor electrocardiographic events of note in 11 patients who had been hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmia, in whom frequent remote ECGs were obtained during the month following hospital discharge. The value of remote electrocardiography during convalescence from acute myocardial infarction remains speculative. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1293-1294, 1974)