tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elimination of high titre HIV from fibreoptic endoscopes.
Authors: P J Hanson, D Gor, D J Jeffries, J V Collins
Journal: Gut (1990)

Concern about contamination of fibreoptic endoscopes with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has generated a variety of disruptive and possibly unnecessary infection control practices in endoscopy units. Current recommendations on the cleaning and disinfection of endoscopes have been formulated without applied experimental evidence of the effective removal of HIV from endoscopes. To study the kinetics of elimination of HIV from endoscope surfaces, we artificially contaminated the suction-biopsy channels of five Olympus GIF XQ20 endoscopes with high titre HIV in serum. The air and water channels of two instruments were similarly contaminated. Contamination was measured by irrigating channels with viral culture medium and collecting 3 ml at the distal end for antigen immunoassay. Endoscopes were then cleaned manually in neutral detergent according to the manufacturer9s recommendations and disinfected in 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde (Cidex, Surgikos) for two, four, and ten minutes. Contamination with HIV antigens was measured before and after cleaning and after each period of disinfection. Initial contamination comprised 4.8 x 10(4) to 3.5 x 10(6) pg HIV antigen/ml. Cleaning in detergent achieved a reduction to 165 pg/ml (99.93%) on one endoscope and to undetectable levels (100%) on four. After two minutes in alkaline glutaraldehyde all samples were negative and remained negative after the longer disinfection times. Air and water channels, where contaminated, were tested after 10 minutes9 disinfection and were negative. These findings underline the importance of cleaning in removing HIV from endoscope and indicate that the use of dedicated equipment and long disinfection times are unnecessary.
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Presence or Absence of Plaque Improves Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Risk
Authors: Vijay Nambi, Lloyd Chambless, Aaron R. Folsom, Max He, Yijuan Hu, Tom Mosley, Kelly Volcik, Eric Boerwinkle, Christie M. Ballantyne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
P3-07-40: Impact of the Sentinel Lymph Node Procedure on the Detection of Positive Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer.
Authors: A Smeets, E Yoshihara, A Laenen, H Wildiers, A Reynders, J Soens, R Paridaens, Ongeval C Van, G Floris, P Moerman, P Neven, M-R Christiaens
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: The objective of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) procedure in breast cancer is to perform an accurate axillary staging and provide good local control, while sparing the patients the morbidity of an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Since its routine clinical use, questions have been raised concerning the upstaging of a subgroup of node-negative patients and an increase in the overall percentage of node-positive patients. The goal of our study was to investigate the impact of the SLN procedure on the detection of positive lymph nodes. Patients and methods: We included 1119 consecutive breast cancer patients from one center (2007-2009) who underwent primary surgery for a breast cancer smaller than 5 cm diameter without clinical involvement of axillary lymph nodes. 31 patients had a bilateral breast cancer. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the effect of various predictors on the presence of positive lymph nodes. First, we fitted univariable models for a number of predictors of which the relationship with lymph node involvement was to be expected. (multifocality, tumor location in the breast, tumor size, LVI, ER, PR, Her-2, tumor grade, age and histologic subtype). In a second stage, we fitted a multivariable model including the procedure (SLN biopsy or ALND) and the predictors that have been shown to be related to lymph node involvement in univariable analysis or for which this relationship has been suggested in the literature. The probability of finding positive lymph nodes was thus calculated in both groups correcting for relevant predictors of lymph node involvement. Results: The SLN biopsy group includes 830 patients, the ALND group 320. Tumors in the ALND group are larger (mean 26.65 mm versus 18.43mm) and more frequently multifocal (24.44% versus 8.19%). 33% of patients in the ALND group were lymph node positive, 28% in the SLN procedure group. Univariable and multivariable analyses revealed that LVI, tumor size and multifocality are the most significant predictors of lymph node involvement (table 1). The AUC for the multivariate model is 0.754. By comparing ALND en SLN biopsy an odds ratio (OR) of 0.7635 (95% confidence interval: 0.5334−1.0930) is observed, suggesting a higher probability of finding positive lymph nodes with SLN procedure. However, the difference between the procedures is not significant (p= 0.1404). Conclusion: For comparable tumors, the chance of detecting positive lymph nodes is not lower when applying SLN procedure compared to ALND. The results even point in the direction of a higher detection rate with SLN. However, care should be taken in making this conclusion given a non-significant result. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-40.
Elective Surgery in Hemophilia
Authors: Robert C. Field
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Talipes equinus deformity of the foot, a common complication of hemophilia, often proves to be not amenable to correction by closed methods. It may be corrected by open operation, provided that postoperative hemorrhage is controlled by the use of lyophilized human fibrinogen rich in factor VIII. In the experience of the authors, illustrated by case histories, the preoperative use of this material is effective and safe. In non-resistant patients, infusion of fibrinogen resulted in predictable increases in the concentration of factor VIII in the plasma. Hepatitis and urticaria occurred in some cases.
Development of standardized approaches to reporting of minimal residual disease data using a reporting software package designed within the European LeukemiaNet
Authors: M Østergaard, C G Nyvold, J V Jovanovic, M T Andersen, V Kairisto, Y G Morgan, K Tobal, N Pallisgaard, U Özbek, H Pfeifer, S Schnittger, L Grubach, J K Larsen, D Grimwade, P Hokland
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Abstract 1051: UHRF1 is highly expressed in childhood liver tumors and interacts with DNMT1 and USP7 to guide tumor suppressor gene silencing
Authors: Franziska Trippel, Saskia Joppien, Max Felle, Gernot Längst, Roland Kappler
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Embryonal tumors are thought to arise from immature tissue during intrauterine or early postnatal development and display apart from specific genetic changes in developmental signaling pathways a relatively normal genomic background. Instead, epigenetic events appear to be involved in key steps of the earliest phases of neoplastic evolution. However, the mechanistic basis responsible for epigenetic alterations in these early-onset tumors and the role of the DNA methylation machinery therein is still not known. In order to define the impact of epigenetic factors in embryonal tumor development we made use of hepatoblastoma (HB), the most common liver tumor of early childhood, as a model for a pristine and genetically “clean” tumor. In this study we identified ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1) to be highly overexpressed in HB tumors compared to normal liver tissue, a protein known to preferentially bind to hemi-methylated DNA. Using immunoprecipitation, we furthermore show that UHRF1 binds in concert with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and ubiquitin specific peptidase 7 (USP7) as a trimeric complex to promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes relevant in HB, such as hedgehog interacting protein (HHIP), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1). These genes are epigenetically silenced in HB, as evidenced by heavy DNA methylation and enrichment of the repressive H4K27me3 chromatin mark. Interestingly, knockdown of UHRF1 expression via RNA interference resulted in promoter demethylation and a shift towards the active H3K4me2 chromatin mark of the three tumor suppressor genes. Altogether, these data suggest that aberrant expression of the epigenetic regulator UHRF1 and excessive binding of a trimeric complex consisting of UHRF1/DNMT1/USP7 results in silencing of tumor suppressor genes in HB and may display an important mechanism in the initial phases of embryonal tumorigenesis in general. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1051. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1051
720-3 Predictors for Adverse Clinical Events are Different in Stents and PTCA: Results from the STent REStenosis Study
Authors: S. Chiu Wong, Ya Chien Chuang, Richard A. Schatz, Donald S. Baim, Sheldon Goldberg, Michael W. Cleman, Jeffrey A. Brinker, Steven R. Bailey, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Aquaporins in the Hepatobiliary System
Authors: Anatoliy I. Masyuk, Nicholas F. LaRusso
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

The review focuses on the potential physiological and pathophysiological roles of aquaporins (AQPs), a family of water channel proteins, in the hepatobiliary system. Among 13 aquaporins (AQP0-AQP12) cloned in mammals, seven AQPs have been identified in the liver and biliary tree. Accumulating evidence suggests that AQPs are likely involved in canalicular and ductal bile secretion, gluconeogenesis and microbial infection and may have other novel roles that affect liver function.
Results of Treatment of Chronic Active Hepatitis with Azathioprine and Prednisone.
Authors: Eugene I. Winkelman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Results of Treatment of Chronic Active Hepatitis with Azathioprine and Prednisone.Eugene I. Winkelman, M.D., F.A.C.P., Charles H. Brown, M.D., F.A.C.P., Edgar Achkar, M.D.Eugene I. Winkelman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Charles H. Brown, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Edgar Achkar, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-835_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptChronic active hepatitis is defined as active fiver disease persistent or intermittent for more than 3 months and characterized by high levels of serum transaminase; hypergammaglobulinemia; the presence of serum autoantibodies; and histological changes of "piece-meal necrosis," hepatocellular necrosis, and lymphocytic infiltration with various degrees of fibrosis.The clinical courses (4 months to 4 years) of 18 patients with chronic active hepatitis treated with azathioprine and prednisone are reported. The median age was 22 (15 to 62 years), and 14 patients were women. Fifteen patients had pretreatment biopsies. Initial treatment was 100 mg of azathioprine combined with 20 to 40... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 835-835KeywordsAminotransferasesAutoantibodiesBiopsyChronic hepatitisFibrosisHepatitisHypergammaglobulinemiaNecrosis Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
IRF5 rs2004640-T allele, the new genetic factor for systemic lupus erythematosus, is not associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sophie Garnier, Philippe Dieudé, Laetitia Michou, Sandra Barbet, Alice Tan, Sandra Lasbleiz, Thomas Bardin, Bernard Prum, François Cornélis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Recently, a new genetic factor within the interferon regulatory factor 5 (<i>IRF5</i>) gene was demonstrated for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through linkage and association: the <i>rs2004640-T</i> allele. <i>IRF5</i> is involved in the production of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cytokines, and SLE already shares with RA one genetic factor within the tyrosine phosphatase <i>PTPN22</i> gene. <b>Aim:</b> To test the hypothesis that the SLE <i>IRF5</i> genetic factor could also be shared with RA. <b>Patients and methods:</b> 100 French Caucasian trio families with RA were genotyped and analysed with the transmission disequilibrium test, the frequency comparison of the transmitted and untransmitted alleles, and the genotype relative risk. 97% power was available to detect at least a trend in favour of a factor similar to that reported for SLE. <b>Results:</b> The analysis showed the absence of linkage and association globally and in "autoimmune" RA subsets, with a weak non-significant trend against the <i>IRF5</i><i>rs20046470-T</i> allele. Given the robustness of familial-based analysis, this slight negative trend provided strong evidence against even a weaker factor than that reported for SLE. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results exclude the <i>IRF5</i><i>rs2004640-T</i> allele as a major genetic factor for RA in this French Caucasian population.
Compassion Needs Reason Too
Authors: Edmund D. Pellegrino
Journal: JAMA (1993)

A GROWING number of physicians today believe that it is morally permissible, perhaps even required, to assist certain of their patients in the act of suicide.<sup>1-4</sup>They take their inspiration from Quill's account of the way he assisted his young patient, Diane, to kill herself.<sup>5</sup>They are impressed by Quill's compassion and respect for his patient. Like him, they would limit the physician's participation in suicide to extreme cases in which suffering is unrelenting, unrelievable, and unbearable. Like him, they follow a flawed line of moral reasoning in which a compassionate response to a request for assisted suicide is deemed sufficient in itself to justify an ethically indefensible act. See also pp 870 and 875. In his article<sup>6</sup>in this issue ofThe Journal, Quill provides a more formal and systematic outline of what he believes the appropriate response of physicians should be to a request for
Points from Letters: Serum Lactic Dehydrogenase Activity in Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: W. Wacker, E. Amador
Journal: BMJ (1966)

was an unusually suitable one for consider- ing what we could do about this, while we are digesting the proposed increase in our pay.We believe that if every nine-session con- sultant contributed, say, £10 a year out of his rise, others in proportion to their sessions, and perhaps holders of merit 'awards a little more, it would make a very great difference to the recipients and very little to us.In fact, if it were automatically deducted by the regional hospital boards, most of us would not notice it.We felt that some form of automatic deduction should prove more efficient, because many of us are absent-minded andoverworked and intentions to make out covenants in favour of the Royal Medical Benevolent Fund, etc., might well fail to bear fruit.-We are, etc.,
Lorna Mary Harris
Authors: Roger Gee
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former general practitioner Ancaster (b 1937; q Royal Free Hospital, London, 1962), died on 1 September 2004 from oesophageal cancer.

After qualifying and further study Lorna became a GP trainee on the Isle of Lewis. She came to love the island and would have stayed but for family reasons. In 1968 she joined a rural practice in Ancaster, Lincolnshire. Women's health and family planning were special interests. As in Lewis she was loved and respected by her patients as a skilful and compassionate family doctor. Her many interests included walking her dogs, travelling the world, and considerable charity work.
Attendances at a casualty department for sport related injuries.
Authors: P. J. Bedford, D. C. Macauley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1984)

In a prospective study over a period of 5 months (July-November, 1982), 506 patients were treated at a District General Hospital for a sports related injury. All the patients were seen initially in the Casualty Department and the majority of attendances (58%) were due to injuries caused by the two principal contact sports--Association and Rugby football. There were 294 patients (58%) aged 21 or less and 45 (9%) were aged 15. The study was intended to provide a summary that would quantify the local problem and assess both the efficacy of the existing system and the need for a specialist sports injury service.
Hematopoietic stem cells are acutely sensitive to Acd shelterin gene inactivation
Authors: Morgan Jones, Gail Osawa, Joshua A. Regal, Daniel N. Weinberg, James Taggart, Hande Kocak, Ann Friedman, David O. Ferguson, Catherine E. Keegan, Ivan Maillard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The shelterin complex plays dual functions in telomere homeostasis by recruiting telomerase and preventing the activation of a DNA damage response at telomeric ends. Somatic stem cells require telomerase activity, as evidenced by progressive stem cell loss leading to bone marrow failure in hereditary dyskeratosis congenita. Recent work demonstrates that dyskeratosis congenita can also arise from mutations in specific shelterin genes, although little is known about shelterin functions in somatic stem cells. We found that mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are acutely sensitive to inactivation of the shelterin gene Acd, encoding TPP1. Homozygosity for a hypomorphic acd allele preserved the emergence and expansion of fetal HSCs but led to profoundly defective function in transplantation assays. Upon complete Acd inactivation, HSCs expressed p53 target genes, underwent cell cycle arrest, and were severely depleted within days, leading to hematopoietic failure. TPP1 loss induced increased telomeric fusion events in bone marrow progenitors. However, unlike in epidermal stem cells, p53 deficiency did not rescue TPP1-deficient HSCs, indicating that shelterin dysfunction has unique effects in different stem cell populations. Because the consequences of telomere shortening are progressive and unsynchronized, acute loss of shelterin function represents an attractive alternative for studying telomere crisis in hematopoietic progenitors.
THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE CARCINOMA QUESTION.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

There is no subject in pathology and surgery that has been studied with more care and diligence during the last two decades than the carcinoma question. The most intense interest in this subject was awakened with the origin and development of the modern science of bacteriology. As soon as it became known that all inflammatory processes are caused by specific pathogenic micro-organisms, it was natural that by reasoning from analogy the conclusion was reached that carcinoma is a parasitic disease. There are so many similarities between chronic infective diseases, notably tuberculosis and carcinoma, that we can readily appreciate the motives that led to the investigations in all parts of the civilized world concerning the microbic origin of carcinoma. Various methods of tissue staining, cultivation and inoculation experiments have all been utilized by thousands of earnest investigators in their efforts to discover the essential microbic cause of carcinoma. Numerous intracellular and
Harassment Hinders Women's Care and Careers
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

SEXUAL HARASSMENT cases often boil down to the wholly unscientific matter of one person's word against another's. In the medical sphere, allegations of sexual misconduct are increasingly being discussed, and not only because such allegations during the Senate confirmation process for US Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas riveted the nation's attention. AMA is sponsoring a "Sexual Harassment in the Medical Workplace" seminar in Los Angeles February 14. Some women's health advocates contend that sexual harassment contributes to an environment in which neither the needs of female patients nor the work of female physicians and researchers are taken as seriously as those of men. With sex bias in the clinical treatment of female patients now well documented (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:559-562 and<i>N Engl J Med.</i>1991;325:221-225), many steps are beginning to be taken to redress such inequities, especially in research (<i>JAMA</i>1992;267:469-473, 482). Some efforts aim at increasing the numbers and status
CLINICAL RESULTS OF RETROGRADE APPROACH IN PCI FOR CTOS: COMPARISON BETWEEN 2009 AND 2010 WITH MULTICENTER REGISTRY DATA IN JAPAN
Authors: Yasumi Igarashi, Masahisa Yamane, Tsutomu Fujita, Makoto Muto, Atsunori Okamura, Tetsuo matsubara, Shigeru Nakamura, Toshiya Muramatsu, Mitsunori Abe, Etsuo Tsuchikane
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Diminished Lung Function as a Predisposing Factor for Wheezing Respiratory Illness in Infants
Authors: Fernando D. Martinez, Wayne J. Morgan, Anne L. Wright, Catharine J. Holberg, Lynn M. Taussig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

In a prospective study of 124 infants enrolled as newborns, we assessed the relation between initial lung function and the subsequent incidence of lower respiratory tract illness during the first year of life. The risk of having a wheezing illness was 3.7 times higher (95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 15.5; P = 0.06) among infants whose values for total respiratory conductance (the reciprocal of the resistance to air flow of the entire respiratory system) were in the lowest third, as compared with infants with values in the upper two thirds of the range of values for the group. Boys with initial values in the lowest third for an indirect index of airway conductance had a 10-fold increase (95 percent confidence interval, 2.2 to 44.2; P = 0.001) in the risk of having a wheezing illness. A 16-fold increase (95 percent confidence interval, 1.7 to 147.1; P = 0.002) in the risk of having a wheezing illness was found among girls whose initial values for lung volume at the end of tidal expiration were in the lowest third. We conclude that diminished lung function is a predisposing factor for the development of a first wheezing illness in infants. (N Engl J Med 1988; 319:1112–7.)
Thallium-201 scintigraphy in unstable angina pectoris.
Authors: F J Wackers, K I Lie, K L Liem, E B Sokole, G Samson, J B van der Schoot, D Durrer
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Thallium-201 scintigraphy was performed during the pain free period in 98 patients with unstable angina. Scintiscans were positive in 39 patients, questionable in 27 patients and normal in 32 patients. Eighty-one patients responded favorably to treatment (group I). Seventeen patients had complicated courses (group II) and despite maximal treatment with propranolol either developed infarction (six patients) or continued to have angina necessitating coronary surgery (11 patients). In group I during the pain free period 26 of 81 patients had positive thallium-201 scans, whereas 20 patients had an abnormal ECG at that time; during angina 18 patients had transient ECG changes. In group II during the pain free period 13 of 17 patients had positive scans, whereas two patients had abnormal ECG at that time; during angina 12 patients showed transient ECG changes. The sensitivity to recognize group II was 76% for thallium-201 scintigraphy, 11% for ECG during the pain free period; 70% for ECG during angina; 94% for the combination of either positive scans or abnormal ECG. Thus, 1) positive thallium-201 scans occur in patients with unstable angina, 2) positive scans can be obtained during the pain free period, 3) thallium-201 scans are more frequently positive in patients with complicated course.