tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are aortic aneurysms caused by atherosclerosis?
Authors: D Reed, C Reed, G Stemmermann, T Hayashi
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND The emerging controversy concerning the causal role of atherosclerosis in the development of aortic aneurysms was examined using the accumulated clinical and autopsy data obtained during a 20-year follow-up of a cohort of more than 8,000 men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii. METHODS AND RESULTS Analyses of 174 clinical incident events indicated that there were two types of aneurysmal disease, 151 aortic aneurysms and 23 aortic dissections. The baseline risk factors that predicted the clinical aortic aneurysms were the same factors that predicted aortic atherosclerosis in the same cohort, namely, high blood pressure, high serum cholesterol, and cigarette smoking. These same risk factors were also significantly associated with the occurrence of 27 aortic aneurysms among 293 autopsied men. The less common aortic dissections had an age-specific incidence pattern indicative of an innate susceptibility precipitated by an exposure to another factor. This pattern was consistent with the findings that the incidence of aortic dissections was predicted mainly by baseline high blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of prevention, it appears that the risk factors for aortic atherosclerosis and probably atherosclerosis itself are necessary elements in the causal pathway for the great majority of aortic aneurysms in this cohort.
An inhibitor of the EGF receptor family blocks myeloma cell growth factor activity of HB-EGF and potentiates dexamethasone or anti–IL-6 antibody-induced apoptosis
Authors: Karène Mahtouk, Michel Jourdan, John De Vos, Catherine Hertogh, Geneviève Fiol, Eric Jourdan, Jean-François Rossi, Bernard Klein
Journal: Blood (2003)
Depression of Lymphocyte Immunogenesis After Surgery.
Authors: S. Kwan Park
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Depression of Lymphocyte Immunogenesis After Surgery.S. Kwan Park, M.D., Jerome I. Brody, M.D., Herbert A. Wallace, M.D., William S. Blakemore, M.D.S. Kwan Park, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Jerome I. Brody, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Herbert A. Wallace, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, William S. Blakemore, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1085_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis study determined whether lymphocyte reactivity, a particularly important component of cellular immunity, was altered in patients undergoing various forms of surgery. The experimental protocol consisted of harvesting peripheral blood lymphocytes from cell donors before operation, within 24 hr after leaving the operating room, and at determined intervals thereafter. The lymphocytes were grown in duplicate in cell culture, each vial containing autologous plasma and phytohemagglutinin as an in vitro stimulant. A14carbon amino acid hydrolysate was added to one of the cultures, and after 72 hr the culture was terminated, the cells disrupted by ultrasonic vibration, and the radioactive, protein-containing... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: S. Kwan Park, M.D.; Jerome I. Brody, M.D.; Herbert A. Wallace, M.D.; William S. Blakemore, M.D.Affiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5 Page: 1085-1085 Keywords Amino acids Blood banks Blood cells Blood plasma Cell cultures Immunity Lymphocytes Phytohemagglutinins Proteins Surgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
SUCCESSFUL SUTURE OF A WOUND OF THE ASCENDING AORTA
Authors: Alfred Blalock
Journal: JAMA (1934)

There has appeared in the literature only one report of the successful suture of a wound of the thoracic aorta. This operation was performed by Dshanelidze 1 of Russia. The reasons for the scarcity of successful cases are several. For purposes of this discussion, the aorta is divided into two portions; namely, that part which is within the pericardium and that which is without. Piercing injuries of the extrapericardial portion of the thoracic aorta usually result in early death because there is no surrounding structure such as the pericardium to limit the loss of blood. The infrequency of wounds of the intrapericardial part of the aorta is due to its position behind the sternum and to the fact that it is quite short.  I have noted in studies on animals that relatively small wounds of the intrapericardial portion of the aorta are usually fatal unless treatment is instituted. A wound
Genetic alterations in advanced HBV-related HCC with portal vein tumor thrombosis: Insights from next generation DNA sequencing
Authors: Roongruedee Chaiteerakij, Lewis R. Roberts
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and shows a propensity to metastasize and infiltrate adjacent and more distant tissues. HCC is associated with multiple risk factors, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which is especially prevalent in China. Here, we used exome sequencing to identify somatic mutations in ten HBV-positive individuals with HCC with portal vein tumor thromboses (PVTTs), intrahepatic metastases. Both C:G>A:T and T:A>A:T transversions were frequently found among the 331 non-silent mutations. Notably, ARID1A, which encodes a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, was mutated in 14 of 110 (13%) HBV-associated HCC specimens. We used RNA interference to assess the roles of 91 of the confirmed mutated genes in cellular survival. The results suggest that seven of these genes, including VCAM1 and CDK14, may confer growth and infiltration capacity to HCC cells. This study provides a view of the landscape of somatic mutations that may be implicated in advanced
Elevated Levels of Shed Membrane Microparticles With Procoagulant Potential in the Peripheral Circulating Blood of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Ziad Mallat, Hakim Benamer, Bénédicte Hugel, Joëlle Benessiano, P. Gabriel Steg, Jean-Marie Freyssinet, Alain Tedgui
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Apoptotic microparticles are responsible for almost all tissue factor activity of the plaque lipid core. We hypothesized that elevated levels of procoagulant microparticles could also circulate in the peripheral blood of patients with recent clinical signs of plaque disruption and thrombosis. Methods and Results —We studied 39 patients with coronary heart disease, including 12 patients with stable angina and 27 patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), and 12 patients with noncoronary heart disease. We isolated the circulating microparticles by capture with annexin V and determined their procoagulant potential with a prothrombinase assay. The cell origins of microparticles were determined in an additional 22 patients by antigenic capture with specific antibodies. The level of procoagulant microparticles did not differ between stable angina patients and noncoronary patients (10.1±1.6 nmol/L phosphatidylserine [PS] equivalent versus 9.9±1.6 nmol/L PS equivalent, respectively). However, procoagulant microparticles were significantly elevated in patients with ACS (22.2±2.7 nmol/L PS equivalent) compared with other coronary ( P &lt;0.01) or noncoronary ( P &lt;0.01) patients. Microparticles of endothelial origin were significantly elevated in patients with ACS ( P &lt;0.01), which suggests an important role for endothelial injury in inducing the procoagulant potential. Conclusions —High levels of procoagulant endothelial microparticles are present in the circulating blood of patients with ACS and may contribute to the generation and perpetuation of intracoronary thrombi.
Cases of Diphtheria
Authors: G. M. Humphry
Journal: BMJ (1863)

The pulse is not increased; but diminishes in frequency, and increases in power.5. Delirium is not caused, but may be prevented from occurring ; or if present, may diminish or cease.6.The tongue may remain moist or become moist, and the fever diminish while a patient is taking twenty-four omnces of brandy in as many hours.
Differential regulation of rodent hepatocyte and oval cell proliferation by interferon ?
Authors: John T. Brooling, Jean S. Campbell, Claudia Mitchell, George C. Yeoh, Nelson Fausto
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Hepatocytes and intrahepatic progenitor cells (oval cells) have similar responses to most growth factors but rarely proliferate together. Oval cells constitute a reserve compartment that is activated when hepatocyte proliferation is inhibited. Interferon γ (IFN-γ) increases in liver injury that involves oval cell responses, but it is not upregulated during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Based on these observations, we used well-characterized lines of hepatocytes (AML-12 cells) and oval cells (LE-6 cells) to investigate the potential mechanisms that regulate differential growth responses in hepatocytes and oval cells. We show that IFN-γ blocks hepatocyte proliferation in vivo, and that in combination with either tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), it causes cell cycle arrest in hepatocytes but stimulates oval cell proliferation in cultured cells. The hepatocyte cell cycle arrest is reversible, is p53-independent, and is not associated with apoptosis. Treatment of AML-12 hepatocytes with IFN-γ/LPS or IFN-γ/TNF, but not with individual cytokines, induced NO synthase and generated NO, while similarly treated oval cells produced little if any NO. Generation of NO by an NO donor reproduced the inhibitory effect of the cytokine combinations on AML-12 cell replication, while NO inhibitors abolish the replication deficiency. In conclusion, we propose that IFN-γ, in conjunction with TNF or LPS, can both inhibit hepatocyte proliferation through the generation of NO and stimulate oval cell replication. The response of hepatocytes and oval cells to cytokine combinations may contribute to the differential proliferation of these cells in hepatic growth processes. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:906–915.)
ADIPSIN IS AN ADIPOCYTOKINE DYSREGULATED IN OBESITY/METABOLIC SYNDROME THAT SUSTAINS CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
Authors: James C. Lo, Sanda Ljubicic, Barbara Leibiger, Diti Chatterjee-Bhowmick, Molly E. Kelly, Paul Cohen, Ingo Leibiger, Alexander Banks, Jeffrey Flier, Matthias Bluher, Nika Danial, Per-Olof Berggren, Bruce M. Spiegelman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Points: Compression fractures of the dorsal spine in hypoglycaemic fits in diabetes
Authors: A J Richards
Journal: BMJ (1986)

ever, urine osmolality depends-not only on secretion of antidiuretic hormone but also on the kidney's ability to respond.If the kidney's concentratmg ability haa been lost the urine will.bedilute irrespective of the level ofantidiuretic hormone, so the finding ofa dilute urne in this situation does not by itself permit any conclusion to be drawn about antidiuretic hormone secretion.Furthermore, if the kidney is insensitive.toantidiuretic hormone urine osmoLality conveys .noinformation on the setting of the osmostat, which can be assessed only by direct assay of antidiuretic hormoneas a function of serum osmolality Totally implantable vascular access for long.term chemotherapy Dr M F-McMULUN (Royal Victoria Hospital,eat BTl2 6BA) writes: Following the comments of MrA E Youngandcolleagues (7 tecember,-p 1608) I would like to draw attention to another advantage of.thePort-a-Cath.In this unit two patients have used the Hickdman -catheter as a means of attempted suicide, Both patients, young men, had Hickman catheters inserted for intensive chemotherapy, and both attempted suicide by-removing large quantities of blood through the catheter.Despite the problems of assessment, psychiarc disorders are.common among patients with cancer, 2 and cancercan increase the risk of suicide.3In both these patiepis the Hickman catheter,,which.the patients mpulated daily tb selves, was an easy means of access tao the circulatin.Perhaps the insertion of.a Port-a-Cath would have ayoided this complication.
Neuropeptides and their receptors in psoriatic skin in relation to pruritus
Authors: S-E. Chang, S-S. Han, H-J. Jung, J-H. Choi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Pruritus in patients with psoriasis has been reported to be more common than previously thought. Objectives To determine the actual prevalence of pruritus in psoriasis according to severity of psoriasis and to verify the hypothesis of involvement of neuropeptides and their receptors in psoriatic pruritus. Methods We analysed questionnaire replies from 152 patients with chronic plaque‐type psoriasis and we assayed the expression of neuropeptides and their receptors in lesional skin biopsies obtained from psoriatic patients with pruritus compared with those from psoriatic patients without pruritus, nonlesional skin of patients with pruritic psoriasis and normal controls by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results Of the 152 patients with psoriasis, 112 (73·7%) had pruritus, and these patients had a higher mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score than psoriatic patients without pruritus. There was positive correlation between the PASI score and the intensity of pruritus. Keratinocytes in the psoriatic plaques of patients with pruritus showed consistently increased expression of substance P receptor (SPR), high‐affinity nerve growth factor receptor (TrkA) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor (CGRPR). Conclusions Pruritus is a common feature in psoriasis. Considering the well‐known roles of neuropeptides in pathogenesis of both psoriasis and pruritus, increased SPR, TrkA and CGRPR may be involved in the pathogenesis of pruritus in psoriasis and in the severity of psoriasis.
ON THE RELATIVE VAEUE OF MERCURY AND IODINE COMPOUNDS IN THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS.Read at the opening of the Discussion in the Section of Dermatology and Syphilology, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: L. DUNCAN BULKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Syphilis is one of the most important diseases which afflict mankind, and the study of its various aspects and conditions is one of the most interesting which can engage human thought. The pathology of syphilis, in all its stages, reaches deeper than that of any other known disease, while its symptomatology may at times extend into the domain of innumerable other affections; it may stimulate in certain cases, in various organs, a great variety of diseased conditions, and may complicate a still larger number. In opening briefly a discussion of the treatment of syphilis it is evident, therefore, that we cannot at all enter into the subject of the disease itself, nor of the treatment of all the various aspects and phases presented by the same; and, therefore, from the nature of the case it will be difficult to deal with the question before us as fully and accurately as
The Economic Impact of Traumatic Injuries
Authors: Ellen J. MacKenzie
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Considerable attention has focused in recent years on developing estimates of the economic costs associated with illness and injury. Consistent throughout all of this work has been the finding that traumatic injuries rank among the most costly of conditions. This article provides detailed information on one-year charges related to the receipt of health care and rehabilitation services for a panel of 487 trauma patients aged 16 to 45 years who were injured severely enough to be initially hospitalized at one of two trauma centers. Per case one-year treatment charges ranged from an average of $8100 for those sustaining minor (Abbreviated Injury Scale severity score of 1 or 2) injuries to $105,350 for those with severe (Abbreviated Injury Scale severity score of 5) head or spinal cord injuries. When results were generalized to the population of all individuals aged 16 to 45 years who were hospitalized in Maryland hospitals in 1983 for treatment of an injury, total charges were estimated at $109 million, with 43% of the total incurred by individuals with a principal injury to one or more of the extremities.
Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial
Authors: Leonard B. Seeff, Teresa M. Curto, Gyongyi Szabo, Gregory T. Everson, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Jules L. Dienstag, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Karen L. Lindsay, Anna S. F. Lok, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, William M. Lee, Marc G. Ghany
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Herbal products, used for centuries in Far Eastern countries, are gaining popularity in western countries. Surveys indicate that persons with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) often use herbals, especially silymarin (milk thistle extract), hoping to improve the modest response to antiviral therapy and reduce side effects. The Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial, involving persons with advanced CHC, nonresponders to prior antiviral therapy but still willing to participate in long-term pegylated interferon treatment, offered the opportunity to examine the use and potential effects of silymarin. Among 1145 study participants, 56% had never taken herbals, 21% admitted past use, and 23% were using them at enrollment. Silymarin constituted 72% of 60 herbals used at enrollment. Among all participants, 67% had never used silymarin, 16% used it in the past, and 17% used it at baseline. Silymarin use varied widely among the 10 participating study centers; men were more frequent users than women, as were non-Hispanic whites than African Americans and Hispanics. Silymarin use correlated strongly with higher education. No beneficial effect of silymarin was found on serum alanine aminotransferase or hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels. Univariate analysis showed significantly fewer liver-related symptoms and better quality-of-life parameters in users than nonusers, but after reanalysis adjusted for covariates of age, race, education, alcohol consumption, exercise, body mass index, and smoking, only fatigue, nausea, liver pain, anorexia, muscle and joint pain, and general health remained significantly better in silymarin users. In conclusion, silymarin users had similar alanine aminotransferase and HCV levels to those of nonusers but fewer symptoms and somewhat better quality-of-life indices. Because its use among these HALT-C participants was self-motivated and uncontrolled, however, only a well-designed prospective study can determine whether silymarin provides benefit to persons with chronic hepatitis C.
Incidental Detection of a Vertebral Body Hemangioma on Three-Phase Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: ALI FUAT YAPAR, ZEYNEP YAPAR, MUSTAFA KIBAR, OZLEM BARUTCU, SERCAN AKPINAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 62-year-old man was hospitalized with back pain that occurred immediately after trauma. Radiographs showed a compression fracture of the L2 vertebra. The patient was referred for a bone scan to determine the phase of healing of the L2 vertebra fracture caused by another accident 4 years earlier. Three-phase Tc-99m MDP bone imaging with 20 mCi Tc-99m MDP revealed increased perfusion and blood pool activity in the region of L1. There was also significant uptake in L1 on delayed static images. No abnormalities were associated with L2 on the early-phase images, whereas delayed static images showed relatively increased uptake in L2. MRI revealed a vertebral hemangioma in L1, whereas L2 showed findings of an earlier compression fracture.
Single coronary artery. Analysis of the anatomic variation, clinical importance, and report of five cases
Authors: A. H. Sharbaugh
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Two of five cases of single coronary artery had additional cardiac anomalies. A review of the literature yielded 159 cases, 41% of which had additional cardiac anomalies. The presence of a single coronary artery without other cardiac defects (59%) was usually an innocuous finding. However, a small group of 13 cases without other anomalies were associated with sudden death or cardiomyopathy in young adulthood or childhood. Hence, we think that the presence of this anomaly is of prognostic importance, and that interest in it should be maintained. (<i>JAMA</i>230:243-246, 1974)
Natural autoantibodies to thymocytes: origin, VH genes, fine specificities, and the role of Thy-1 glycoprotein.
Authors: K Hayakawa, C E Carmack, R Hyman, R R Hardy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

15 SM/J mouse hybridoma antibodies that show antithymocyte autoantibody (ATA) activity by immunofluorescence staining were studied. Half of these antibodies react with determinants whose expression is associated with Thy-1, as shown by blocking experiments with anti-Thy-1 and loss of reactivity with Thy-1- mutant cell lines. The Thy-1 dependence of three of these ATA is further confirmed by their reexpression on a Thy-1 gene transfectant. However, the remaining antibodies exhibited binding that showed little or no dependence on Thy-1. Furthermore, we find that most ATA derives from the Ly-1 B subpopulation, as demonstrated by lipopolysaccharide-induced ATA secretion in vitro and by comparison of ATA hybridoma frequencies. VH region gene sequence data of 14 monoclonal ATA from Ly-1 B cell-derived hybridomas reveal the utilization of nine VH genes belonging to four different VH families (J558, 3609, Q52, and Vgam3.8). While we find that two of these hybridomas arose from a clonal expansion, we also find four examples of a 3609 family VH gene utilized in clonally independent lines showing similar specificity. Yet another example of identical VH gene usage by clonally unrelated cells is found in two J558 ATA of a distinct fine specificity. These data suggest that the enrichment of ATA B cells in the Ly-1 B subset is primarily due to repeated independent recruitment of B cells by antigen resulting in the expression of a restricted set of VH genes.