tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of zoledronic acid on bone metastasis in patients suffering from renal cell cancer (RCC): A German prospective single-arm clinical trial
Authors: U. Tunn, A. Stenzl, M. Kindler, A. Strauss, K. Miller, A. Ruebel, M. Albrecht, V. Gruenwald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

5107 Background: The incidence of RCC increased over the last decades and about 30% of patients will develop bone metastasis. These pts. face considerable skeletal morbidity e.g. bone pain, pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression or tumor induced hypercalcemia (TIH). A prospective trial was initiated in RCC metastatic to bone evaluating the SRE (skeletal related event) rate under therapy with zoledronic acid (ZA). Primary objective was the proportion of pts. with at least one SRE after 12 months. Methods: Patients with RCC must have had ≥1 bone metastasis and ≤2 prior applications of a bisphosphonate. Bone lesions were diagnosed by bone scan and ≥1 lesion was confirmed using X-ray, CT or MRI. Pts. passed a 12 months treatment period receiving 4 mg ZA every 3 weeks. Pts. were followed every 3 weeks for 54 weeks for development of SREs (radiation or surgery to bone, spinal cord compression, pathologic bone fractures) and TIH. A bone scan was done, if AP or LDH were &gt;2xULN or symptoms occurred. Suspected SRE was confirmed by X-ray, CT or MRI. After end of treatment patients entered a survival follow-up. Results: 51 pts. participated in the study. Median age was 63 years and 2/3 were male. Proportions of MSKCC risk groups good/intermediate/poor for pretreated pts. were 8%, 56%, and 18%, respectively. 78% of pts. suffered from ≤6 bone metastases. 18% had already experienced at least one SRE before study entry. 26% obtained prior medications, mainly interferons (20%), interleukins (16%) and chemotherapy (16%). 25 pts. completed the 12 months treatment period. Based on a preliminary analysis 13 pts. (26%) experienced at least one SRE with an absolute number of 23 events. No TIH was observed. Bone lesions response was observed in 3 pts. (2 CR, 1 PR) out of 33 pts. currently available. Final efficacy and safety results of the 12 months treatment phase will be shown at presentation. Conclusions: Pts. with mRCC and bone metastases are at high risk for experiencing an SRE with a reported incidence of up to 74%. This is the first study prospectively evaluating SRE rate in patients with mRCC and bone lesions receiving ZA. A preliminary analysis indicates an SRE-rate of 26% and no TIH was observed. Final results of this trial could further support the use of ZA in mRCC. [Table: see text]
Sentinel node biopsy for malignant melanoma
Authors: S S Rayatt
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Sentinel node biopsy for malignant melanoma Having this biopsy gives psychological benefitsEditor-The editorial by Thomas and Patocskai summarises the current state of sentinel lymph node biopsy for malignant melanoma. 1 What the authors omitted to address was patients' perception of the procedure.Anecdotal evidence suggests that patients with melanoma derive psychological benefit from having the procedure, regardless of the result.To investigate any such benefit our unit carried out a study looking at the acceptability and benefits of the procedure.A specially designed questionnaire was sent to 110 patients who had undergone the procedure between August 1997 and February 1999.Ninety eight patients (89%) replied, including all those in whom the result had been positive (19/110).To study any time dependent trends the respondents were subdivided into three subgroups, depending on length of follow up (table).Most patients (95/98) were glad that they had had the procedure, though the effects decreased with time (table).Overall 89 of the patients believed that they had gained some benefit from the biopsy, and 96 said that they would recommend it to other patients.Most patients with melanoma undoubtedly derive at least short term psychological benefits from having a sentinel lymph node biopsy.This effect seems to be independent of the result of the biopsy itself.The decreased reassurance with time may simply represent a time dependent factor but might be due to the frequent clinic visits and additional biopsies of suspicious lesions, which cause increased anxiety in patients with melanoma. 2 The procedure has high patient acceptability and offers patients a proactive option in addition to regular clinic reviews after initial diagnosis.It does not, however, seem greatly to influence patients' worries about being "cured" or fully enable patients to plan for the future.The small psychological benefit shown in our study cannot be used to justify routine sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with melanoma.The cost and morbidity of this procedure must be balanced by proved survival benefit.We agree with others that until such benefit is shown, sentinel lymph node biopsy should be offered only in a multidisciplinary setting as part of a clinical trial. 1 3
Chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: A P Venook, R J Stagg, B J Lewis, J L Chase, E J Ring, T P Maroney, D C Hohn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Fifty-one patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were treated with Gelfoam (absorbable gelatin sterile powder; The Upjohn Co, Kalamazoo, MI) chemoembolization. A mixture of Gelfoam powder, contrast media, and three drugs (doxorubicin, mitomycin, and cisplatin) was injected under fluoroscopic guidance via a percutaneous catheter into the hepatic artery until stagnation of blood flow was achieved. Of the 51 patients, 50 are assessable for response, and all are assessable for toxicity and complications. The median percent of liver replacement was 50% (range, 15% to 95%). By conventional response criteria, there were 12 partial responses (PRs) (24%), 13 minor responses (MRs) (26%), 12 stabilization of disease (SD) (24%), and 13 (26%) progressive disease (PD). Tumor liquefaction was noted on computed tomographic (CT) scan in 35 of 50 patients (70%). Of the 34 patients with elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), 23 (68%) had a greater than 50% reduction following treatment. Responding patients were re-treated at the time of tumor progression if they still met the entry criteria. The median survival of assessable patients from the time of treatment was 207 days and from the diagnosis of the primary was 302 days. Fourteen patients remain alive at 3 months to 3 years following treatment. The vast majority of patients had transient pain, fever, nausea, and elevation in liver enzymes. Ascites developed in 14 patients. There were two treatment-related deaths: one from tumor hemorrhage and one from liver failure. Chemoembolization appears to have significant activity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and is relatively well tolerated.
Morphological changes induced by imipenem and meropenem at sub-inhibitory concentrations in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: M. Bernabeu-Wittel, A. García-Curiel, C. Pichardo, M.E. Pachón-Ibáñez, M.E. Jiménez-Mejías, J. Pachón
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2004)
Increasing accrual (Ac) to clinical trials (CT) in community cancer clinics (CCC): A successful method using electronic medical records (EMR), virtual private network (VPN) and focused group activities (FGA)
Authors: M. J. Vakil, L. D. Bosserman, C. A. Presant, C. L. Martel, B. Ebrahimi, G. H. Upadhyaya, C. H. Yeon, M. D. Scalia, T. Young, R. C. Horns
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

6088 Background: Patient (pt) participation in CT is below expectations. Our CCC offers CT’s through research networks, industry and investigator initiated trials and sought to maximize Ac. We used EMR, VPN, and FGA to understand and maximize Ac to CT, the ACT program. Methods: 8 MD & 3 RNPs at 5 CCC’s met twice monthly to review all new pts. CT staff used EMR to review each new patient for ACT. Staff generated lists of pts, primary site, stage, performance status, & prior treatment for meetings. MD’s reported on treatment assignment for each pt. & discussed availability, eligibility and CT details for CT as well as identified additional CT’s needed. A monthly summary of CT by disease, stage, & eligibility was presented, reviewed at meetings and placed at each clinic workstation. VPN, available at work sites, was updated with files for each CT on protocol details, informed consent & clinical visit work sheets. Records were kept and reviewed of # pt seen, # for which a protocol was available, # pt eligible, # pt offered a CT, # pt signed consent, # pt declined, and # pt started. Results: ACT program caused 880 new, & by changing habits, more progressing pts, to be considered for CT which increased Ac. EMR and VPN improved screening, evaluation, consenting and compliance for CT. Major barrier to ACT was no trial available (NTA) for common tumor types and symptoms. More patients than expected refused treatment CT despite eligibility. Prior to ACT, Ac to CT was not quantifiable & was burdensome for busy clinicians resulting in less Ac. With ACT program 2004, results were: Screening: 1640 pts for treatment trials, 393 for symptom/QOL trials. Entered: 55 treatment CT (52 eligible pts refused), 185 symptom/QOL CT (20 refused). NTA: 686 pts. Ongoing screening: 200. On ACT,160 pts entered CT which was significant. Details of the program will be presented. Conclusions: A comprehensive approach using EMR, VPN and FGA maximized ACT, showed good accrual numbers but identified a need for more trials for common diagnoses, a higher than expected rate of treatment CT refusals & is practical in CCC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Breaking the bubble of the hubbly bubbly: the wider aspect
Authors: S. Almar-Allsop, Brian Carpenter
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Although the Analysis by Gatrad and colleagues has demonstrated the problems waterpipe smoking (Hookah, Shisha, Narghile) presents for children from the Middle East and Asia there has to be concomitant concern about the attitudes within the whole of Western Society to this type of smoking.
Routine Childhood Vaccination against Smallpox Reconsidered
Authors: J. Michael Lane, J. D. Millar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Abstract The United States can expect 210 deaths caused by smallpox vaccination between now and the end of the century if present policies, emphasizing routine childhood vaccination, persist. The risk of importation of smallpox is extremely low. Only two out of every three importations have resulted in spread, and only eight deaths on the average have occurred in each outbreak. To outweigh the health hazards of routine vaccination, the United States would have to have a smallpox importation nearly every year. The benefits of routine childhood smallpox vaccination no longer outweigh its risks, and consideration should be given to its discontinuance.
Physiotherapy for breathing pattern dysfunction in chronic refractory cough – Don't hold your breath
Authors: Amy Olley, Kian Fan Chung, Omar Usmani, James Hull
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction   Chronic refractory cough (CRC), defined as cough that persists g8 weeks despite logical treatment, has a detrimental impact on QOL. Patients with CRC often complain of dyspnoea despite normal respiratory investigations. The prevalence & impact of co-existing breathing pattern dysfunction (BPD) in CRC has not been reported. The aim is to report our experience of BPD in patients with CRC & its response to physiotherapy.   Methodology   Patients with CRC referred for physio between July-Dec 2013 were evaluated. Prior to referral patients completed a systematic assessment for causes of cough & aggravants were treated. BPD was diagnosed if two or more elements of normal breathing control were absent (rate, depth, flow & locality).  Physio intervention provided over 2-4 sessions included; education, breathing re-training & exercise. Outcome measures assessed pre & post intervention included; Dyspnoea 12 (D12), Nijmegen (NS), rest respiratory rate (RR) & Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ).   Results   Forty five patients (n=39 female) were referred; mean (SD) age 55.9 (13.8)yrs, BMI 28.6 (5.5), FEV1%pred 98.9% (12.1). BPD was diagnosed in 30 patients (66%). Patients with BPD had a NSg20 (mean 26.3) & 78%≥23. All patients who completed physio treatment (n=10) showed improved D12, NS, RR & LCQ.   Conclusion   In this cohort, BPD often co-existed with CRC. Physiotherapy for CRC leads to improved cough, QOL & perceived dyspnoea. Prospective work in an unselected CRC population is required to study the impact & treatment of BPD in CRC.
Abstract 709: The Kruppel-like Factor 10 (KLF10) Induces a T regulatory Phenotype and Suppresses Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Zhuoxiao Cao, Akm K Wara, Mark W Feinberg
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Recent studies have shown a critical role for CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells for inhibiting the progression of atherosclerosis in mice, an effect dependent in part on TGF-beta signaling....
Evaluation of health quality of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Katarzyna Kieczka, Anna Doboszynska
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by inflammatory process in the airways, leading ultimately to their obturation. Complex view on these diseases is associated with patients9 quality of life. Therefore, evaluation of the quality of life is of utmost importance, especially in the complex assessment of therapeutical process.   Objectives:  This study aimed at evaluating and comparing life quality in two groups of patients, degree of dyspnea, and level of illness acceptance.   Material and methods:  The study involved 100 patients with diagnosed bronchial asthma or COPD. Mean age of patients was 63 years. Investigative material was obtained with diagnostic poll with the aid of questionnaires based on: Saint George9s Respiratory Questionnaire, Medical Research Council dyspnea scale and Acceptance of Illness Scale. Collected data were analyzed statistically.   Results:  In the group of asthmatic patients, total score of SGRQ was 54.9 and was significantly lower than that in the group of patients with COPD – 67.9; p=0.0001. Strong negative correlation of life quality with illness acceptance was shown in both asthmatic and patients with COPD (R=-0.96, R=-0.98; p=0.001). Statistically significant relationship between respondents9 life quality and severity of dyspnea (F=117.31; t=10.83; p   Conclusions:  1. Statistically significantly lower quality of life is seen in patients with COPD in comparison with asthmatic patients. 2. Quality of life is worsening with more severe or uncontrolled disease. 3. Quality of life of examined patients is closely correlated with level of illness acceptance.
Cisplatin plus etoposide with and without ifosfamide in extensive small-cell lung cancer: a Hoosier Oncology Group study.
Authors: P J Loehrer, R Ansari, R Gonin, F Monaco, W Fisher, A Sandler, L H Einhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To determine whether the addition of ifosfamide to cisplatin plus etoposide improves the response rate, time to disease progression, or overall survival in previously untreated patients with extensive-stage small-cell carcinoma of the lung (SCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with extensive SCLC with a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) &gt; or = 50 and adequate renal function and bone marrow reserve were eligible. Patients with CNS metastases were eligible and received concurrent whole-brain radiotherapy. Patients were randomized to receive cisplatin (20 mg/m2) plus etoposide (100 mg/m2) (VP) both given intravenously (i.v.) on days 1 to 4 or cisplatin (20 mg/m2), ifosfamide (1.2 g/m2), and etoposide (75 mg/m2) (VIP) all given i.v. on days 1 to 4. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks for four cycles. RESULTS From May 1989 through March 1993, 171 patients were randomized (84 to VP and 87 to VIP). The median follow-up duration is 26 months. All patients were assessable for survival; 163 were fully assessable for response and 162 for toxicity. Myelosuppression was greater with VIP. Objective responses were observed in 55 of 82 (67%) and 59 of 81 (73%) assessable patients treated with VP and VIP, respectively (difference not significant). The difference in the median time to progression was statistically different (P = .039). The median survival times on VP and VIP were 7.3 months and 9.0 months, respectively (P = .045 for survival curves by stratified log-rank test) with 2-year survival rates of 5% versus 13%, respectively. CONCLUSION VIP combination chemotherapy is associated with an improved time to progression and overall survival over VP therapy in patients with extensive SCLC.
Exercise haemodynamics may unmask the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction among patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Elad Maor, Yoni Grossman, Ronen Gingy Balmor, Michael Segel, Paul Fefer, Sagit Ben‐Zekry, Jonathan Buber, Elio DiSegni, Victor Guetta, Issahar Ben‐Dov, Amit Segev
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)
Molecular epidemiology of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in France
Authors: E. Liapis, A. Pantel, J. Robert, M.-H. Nicolas-Chanoine, L. Cavalié, N. van der Mee-Marquet, C. de Champs, N. Aissa, C. Eloy, V. Blanc, C. Guyeux, D. Hocquet, J.-P. Lavigne, X. Bertrand, None On behalf of ONERBA
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Part 9: First Aid
Authors: Eunice M. Singletary, David A. Zideman, Emmy D.J. De Buck, Wei-Tien Chang, Jan L. Jensen, Janel M. Swain, Jeff A. Woodin, Ian E. Blanchard, Rita A. Herrington, Jeffrey L. Pellegrino, Natalie A. Hood, Luis F. Lojero-Wheatley, David S. Markenson, Hyuk Jun Yang
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Prostate-cancer (CaP) screening decision aid for black men designed to enhance shared decision-making
Authors: T. D. Gilligan, M. W. Kennedy, E. Olson, A. Gerberick, A. Wilson-Glover, J. D. Allen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

6059 Background: The high CaP incidence and mortality of black men combined with their relatively low rate of CaP screening and their elevated risk of presenting with advanced disease has led to their being identified as a high-priority group for screening. The benefit of screening, however, is uncertain. Most guidelines recommend that men make an individualized screening decision in consultation with their doctor. Motivating and preparing men to actively participate in this difficult decision remains a challenge. This is particularly relevant regarding black Americans given their historical alienation from the health care system. Methods: A CaP screening decision aid designed to promote shared decision-making was tested in 5 small group sessions of black men at community sites in Boston. The decision aid was preceded by a brief didactic presentation on CaP screening. The decision aid included a graphical depiction of all potential major outcomes that may follow a decision for or against screening. Vignettes about the decision-making and outcomes of hypothetical men with different life circumstances and priorities were presented to enhance values clarification by the participants. Endpoints measured before and after the intervention included self efficacy (SE)[Decision Self Efficacy Scale], decisional conflict (DC) [Decisional Conflict Scale], desire for autonomy (DFA) [Control Preferences Scale], and prostate cancer knowledge (PCK) [Prostate Cancer Knowledge and Prostate Cancer Screening Knowledge scales]. Pre- and post-intervention scores were compared using a Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Rank test. Results: 64 men were accrued over 4 months during 2005. Significant changes were seen in all measures. Average scores improved 16% on SE (p&lt;.001) and 17% on DC (p&lt;.004). DFA increased, with the proportion of men wanting to play a dominant role in health care decisions rising from 62% to 81% (p&lt;.001). PCK more than doubled on both scales (p&lt;.001). Focus groups held after the intervention reinforced these findings. Conclusions: Men were better informed, felt better prepared to actively participate in CaP screening decisions, and wanted to play a stronger role in decisions about their health care following exposure to our decision aid. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Moritz Kaposi
Authors: Jeffrey M. Cohen, Susan Burgin
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

MoritzKaposi (1837-1902) is famously known for theangiosarcoma that bears his name, Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), which he described in 1872 in a German article titled “Idiopathic Multiple Pigmented Sarcoma of the Skin” (Figure). At that time, theconditionwasmost commonly seen in oldermenofMediterraneanor Jewishextraction;over a century later, in 1981, this demographic changed as the association between human immunodeficiency virus and KS was discovered. Kaposi was also the first todescribeeczemaherpeticum(eponymously,Kaposi varicelliform eruption), lupus erythematosus, andxerodermapigmentosum, among other dermatoses. Kaposi completed his medical studies in 1861 at the University of Vienna. In 1866,hebecameassistant toFerdinandvonHebra,oneof the mostprominentAustriandermatologistsof the timeandwhowouldbea major influence inKaposi’s career.WithHebra,Kaposimadenumerous importantcontributions to the fieldofdermatology.AfterHebra’sdeath, Kaposi succeeded him as professor of dermatology at the University of Viennaandeventuallybecamethedirectorof thedepartmentof skindiseases at the Vienna General Hospital in 1881. In addition to their strong professional connection, Kaposimarried Hebra’s daughter in 1869. Interestingly, “Kaposi” was notMoritz’s original surname. He was born in Hungary in 1837 to a Jewish family with the surname Kohn (or Cohen, depending on the source) and changed his name to Kaposi in 1871.Hechose “Kaposi” afterKaposvar,Hungary,wherehewasborn. Most of his influential work was published under the name Kaposi. TheimpetustochangehisnamefromKohntoKaposi isnotknownwith certainty.KaposiattributedhisnamechangetothefactthatthereweremultipleotherphysiciansnamedKohninVienna.Hewasconcernedthatsome of hisworkwould be erroneously credited to another individualwith the samenameandwantedtochangehisnametosomethingmoreunique. Anotherexplanationforhisnamechangehasbeensuggested.“Kohn” was an identifiably Jewish name, and Kaposi may have been concerned thathis lastnamewouldpreventhimfromexcellingprofessionally in 19th century Europe and may have wanted to change his name to one that sounded less clearly Jewish. Kaposi also converted to Catholicism, as evidenced by his stated religion on hismarriage certificate. RegardlessofthereasonforKaposi’snamechange, it is interestingthat one of themostwidely known eponyms in dermatology and oncology is a name that was changed. For his numerous contributions, Moritz Kaposi is a name that will be long remembered, and he will continue to be considered one of themost important dermatologists of his time.