tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral succimer decreases the gastrointestinal absorption of lead in juvenile monkeys.
Authors: J D Cremin, M L Luck, N K Laughlin, D R Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Although succimer (Chemet, meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, DMSA) is considered to be a safe and effective chelating agent for the treatment of lead poisoning in humans, there is concern that it may increase the gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and retention of Pb from exposures suffered concurrent with treatment. This concern is justified because the availability of Pb-safe housing during outpatient treatment with oral succimer is limited. We used a juvenile nonhuman primate model of moderate childhood Pb intoxication and a sensitive double stable Pb isotope tracer methodology to determine whether oral succimer chelation affects the GI absorption and whole-body retention of Pb. Infant rhesus monkeys (n = 17) were exposed to Pb daily for 1 year postpartum to reach and maintain a target blood lead (BPb) level of 35-40 microg/dL. Animals were administered succimer (n = 9) or vehicle (n = 8) over two successive 19 day succimer treatment regimens beginning at 53 and 65 weeks of age. The present study was conducted over the second chelation regimen only. Animals received a single intravenous (iv) dose of stable (204)Pb tracer (5 microg, 24.5 nmol) followed by a single oral dose of stable (206)Pb tracer (72.6 microg, 352 nmol) immediately before chelation, in order to specifically evaluate GI Pb absorption and whole-body Pb retention with treatment. We collected complete urine and fecal samples over the first 5 days and whole blood over the first 8 days of treatment for analyses of stable Pb isotopes using magnetic sector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results indicate that succimer significantly reduced the GI absorption of Pb (vehicle, 64.9% +/- 5.5; succimer, 37.0% +/- 5.8; mean +/- SEM). Succimer also significantly increased the urinary excretion of endogenous Pb by approximately 4-fold over the vehicle treatment, while endogenous fecal Pb excretion was decreased by approximately 33%. Finally, although succimer reduced the whole-body retention of endogenous Pb by approximately 10% compared to vehicle, the majority (77%) of the administered internal dose of Pb tracer was retained in the body when assessed after 5 days of treatment. These data do not support the concern that succimer treatment increases GI Pb absorption.
Accelerated Progression of Chronic Renal Insufficiency After Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Virginia U. Collier
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Three patients with chronic renal failure developed secondary hyperparathyroidism, complicated by severe bone disease in two patients and by acral skin necrosis in the third. Following subtotal parathyroidectomy, the bone disease and the necrotic lesions rapidly improved, but the rate of loss of renal function accelerated concomitant with administration of calcium and vitamin D, although no hypercalcemia developed. Avoiding postoperative administration of calcium and/or vitamin D, unless indicated for symptomatic hypocalcemia, may prevent accelerated loss of renal function in patients requiring subtotal parathyroidectomy. (<i>JAMA</i>244:1215-1218, 1980)
Balloon sphincteroplasty for removing difficultbile duct stones
Authors: A. Maydeo, S. Bhandari
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Extraction of common bile duct stones at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography can be technically challenging when the size of the stone exceeds that of an endoscopic sphincterotomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of papillary balloon dilation after sphincterotomy for extraction of these difficult-to-remove bile duct stones.This was a prospective study of all patients with large common bile duct stones that could not be extracted using a stone retrieval balloon and basket after endoscopic sphincterotomy. These patients underwent papillary dilation using a radial expansion balloon after maximum sphincterotomy. Biliary ductal clearance was then reattempted using a stone retrieval balloon and/or basket. The success rate and the complication rate for the papillary balloon dilation technique were assessed.A total of 60 patients (16 men, 44 women; mean age 58, range 28 - 73) were enrolled in this study. The mean stone size was 16 mm (range 12 - 20 mm). After maximum sphincterotomy and papillary balloon dilation, ductal clearance was achieved in 57/60 patients (95 %); three patients required adjunctive mechanical lithotripsy for stone extraction. Bleeding occurred in five patients (8.3 %) and was managed conservatively in all cases.Papillary balloon dilation after endoscopic sphincterotomy is an effective and safe technique for retrieval of difficult common bile duct stones. The procedure is technically safe and obviates the need for mechanical lithotripsy in a majority of patients.
Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index 2: A New Prognostic Index for Follicular Lymphoma Developed by the International Follicular Lymphoma Prognostic Factor Project
Authors: Massimo Federico, Monica Bellei, Luigi Marcheselli, Stefano Luminari, Armando Lopez-Guillermo, Umberto Vitolo, Barbara Pro, Stefano Pileri, Alessandro Pulsoni, Pierre Soubeyran, Sergio Cortelazzo, Giovanni Martinelli, Maurizio Martelli, Luigi Rigacci, Luca Arcaini, Francesco Di Raimondo, Francesco Merli, Elena Sabattini, Peter McLaughlin, Philippe Solal-Céligny
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

The aim of the F2 study was to verify whether a prospective collection of data would enable the development of a more accurate prognostic index for follicular lymphoma (FL) by using parameters which could not be retrospectively studied before, and by choosing progression-free survival (PFS) as principal end point.Between January 2003 and May 2005, 1,093 patients with a newly diagnosed FL were registered and 942 individuals receiving antilymphoma therapy were selected as the study population. The variables we used for score definition were selected by means of bootstrap resampling procedures on 832 patients with complete data. Procedures to select the model that would minimize errors were also performed.After a median follow-up of 38 months, 261 events for PFS evaluation were recorded. beta2-microglobulin higher than the upper limit of normal, longest diameter of the largest involved node longer than 6 cm, bone marrow involvement, hemoglobin level lower than 12 g/dL, and age older than 60 years were factors independently predictive for PFS. Using these variables, a prognostic model was devised to identify three groups at different levels of risk. The 3-year PFS rate was 91%, 69%, and 51% for patients at low, intermediate, and high risk, respectively (log-rank = 64.6; P < .00001). The 3-year survival rate was 99%, 96%, and 84% for patients at low, intermediate, and high risk, respectively (P < .0001).Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index 2 is a simple prognostic index based on easily available clinical data and may represent a promising new tool for the identification of patients with FL at different risk in the era of immunochemotherapy.
Angiogenesis Induced by Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Through Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in a Rat Hindlimb Ischemia Model
Authors: Tsunetatsu Namba, Hiromi Koike, Kazushi Murakami, Motokuni Aoki, Hirofumi Makino, Naotaka Hashiya, Toshio Ogihara, Yasufumi Kaneda, Masakazu Kohno, Ryuichi Morishita
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Because the mechanism of the angiogenic property of nitric oxide (NO) was not fully understood in vivo, we focused on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in angiogenesis induced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene transfer.After intramuscular injection of eNOS DNA into a rat ischemic hindlimb, transfection of eNOS vector resulted in a significant increase in eNOS protein 1 week after transfection. In addition, tissue concentrations of nitrite and nitrate were significantly increased in rats transfected with the eNOS gene up to 2 weeks after transfection. The increase in tissue nitrite and nitrate concentrations was completely inhibited by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). In contrast, serum concentrations of nitrite and nitrate and blood pressure were not changed by eNOS gene transfer. Importantly, overexpression of the eNOS gene resulted in a significant increase in peripheral blood flow, whereas L-NAME inhibited the increase in blood flow. Interestingly, basal blood flow was significantly lower in rats treated with L-NAME than in control rats. A significant increase in capillary number was consistently detected in rats transfected with the eNOS gene at 4 weeks after transfection, accompanied by a significant increase in VEGF. Moreover, administration of neutralizing anti-VEGF antibody abolished the increase in blood flow and capillary density induced by eNOS plasmid injection.Overall, intramuscular injection of bovine eNOS plasmid induced therapeutic angiogenesis in a rat ischemic hindlimb model, a potential therapy for peripheral arterial disease. The stimulation of angiogenesis by NO might be due to upregulation of local VEGF expression.
THE ANATOMIC CHANGES IN TWO CASES OF RETINAL DETACHMENT.
Authors: ROBERT L. RANDOLPH
Journal: JAMA (1896)

I have selected these two cases as being fairly typical of the two principal conditions leading to retinal detachment: first, a spontaneous detachment due to fibrillary degeneration of the vitreous body, and the second case was one where a small round-cell sarcoma had lead to propulsion of the retina away from the choroid. In case one the detached retina as it sprang from the papilla appeared like a funnel having a neck about one-fifth of an inch long and which at this distance from the papilla commenced to assume the funnellike shape. The retina was detached below, all the way around to the ora serrata. Above at a point one-sixteenth of an inch posterior to the ciliary muscle it was lying in position. From this point it turned backward and then passed directly down to a point which lay in the pole of the lens, and from here took a
Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Physiologic Approach
Authors: David I. Abramson
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The author attempts to evaluate alterations in arterial circulation in the extremities, due to organic or functional disorders, by qualitative physiologic procedures, using primarily the mercury strain-gauge plethysmograph. He considers such an approach a means of obtaining pertinent information regarding the efficacy of surgical vascular therapies, information not available through the conventional types of study of the peripheral arterial tree. The diseases discussed in this manner are arteriosclerosis obliterans, thromboangiitis obliterans, arterial thrombosis, arterial embolism, arteriovenous fistula, Raynaud's disease, and Raynaud's phenomenon. Together with the physiologic approach, the clinical aspects of these disorders are also presented. Case reports are utilized to emphasize the important points that arise in differential diagnosis. Because of the author's interest in surgical procedures, a considerable portion of the sections on therapy naturally falls into this category. In fact, five of the 15 chapters are devoted entirely to such subjects as the selection of patients for
With the Eighth Army in the Field--II
Authors: C. Donald
Journal: BMJ (1944)

No specific measures for prophylaxis or treatment are known, but the mortality is fortunately low.Orthodox opinion is that the virus is spread by droplet infection, but a considerable body of opinion favours spread by excreta and flies.In the absence of a susceptible animal, progress in knowledge and control of the disease cannot be expected to be rapid, but useful information might be derived from carefully planned human trans- mission studies.
T. B. QUIGLEY (Ed.) "1979 Year Book of Sports Medicine"
Authors: J. G. P. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1980)

This book, written by a National Athletics Coach, provides the reader with a succinct summary of the role of diet and its contribution, from a practical standpoint, to a sportsman's performance.The introductory chapter gives an account of the different food categories including the major nutrients: carbohydrates, fats and proteins.It also describes the other important items; vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibre.Subsequent chapters describe energy systems and expenditure and how such expenditure is met by dietary metabolism.Thus present physiological and biochemical theories, including the Cori and Kreb's cycles, are explained.The inclusion of such details is justified in the author's view because coaches nowadays pay considerable attention to these energy systems believing that each system responds differently to the various forms of training.
TCT-51 Comparison of Clopidogrel and Prasugrel in Patients with Unprotected Left main Disease Treated with Everolimus-Eluting Stents: Insight From the Florence Left Main-PCI Registry
Authors: Renato Valenti, Angela Migliorini, Guido Parodi, Ruben Vergara, Nazario Carrabba, Emilio Vincenzo Dovellini, David Antoniucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A Controlled Experiment on the Use of Court Probation for Drunk Arrests
Authors: KEITH S. DITMAN, GEORGE G. CRAWFORD, EDWARD W. FORGY, HERBERT MOSKOWITZ, CRAIG MACANDREW
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

The authors describe the differential effects of randomly probating chronic drunk offenders to one or another of three treatment conditions: a psychiatrically oriented community alcohol treatment clinic, Alcoholics Anonymous, and no treatment. No statistically significant differences between the three groups were discovered in recidivism rate, in number of subsequent rearrests, or in time elapsed prior to rearrest.
Biotechnology, Bioethics
Authors: Jeremy Sugarman
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Urgent endoscopy is associated with lower mortality in high-risk but not low-risk nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: L. Lim, K. Ho, Y. Chan, P. Teoh, C. Khor, L. Lim, A. Rajnakova, T. Ong, K. Yeoh
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

The role of urgent endoscopy in high-risk nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed sooner than the currently recommended 24 h in high-risk patients presenting with NVUGIB is associated with lower all-cause in-hospital mortality.All adult patients undergoing EGD for the indications of coffee-grounds vomitus, hematemesis or melena at a university hospital over an 18-month period were enrolled. Patients with variceal and lower gastrointestinal bleeding were excluded. Data were prospectively collected.A total of 934 patients were included. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) was 0.813 for predicting all-cause in-hospital mortality, with a cut-off score of ≥ 12 resulting in 90 % specificity. In low-risk patients with GBS < 12, presentation-to-endoscopy time in those who died and in those who survived was similar. In high-risk patients with GBS of ≥ 12, presentation-to-endoscopy time was significantly longer in those who died than in those who survived. Multivariate analysis of the high-risk cohort showed presentation-to-endoscopy time to be the only factor associated with all-cause in-hospital mortality. For high-risk patients, the AUROC for presentation-to-endoscopy time in predicting all-cause in-hospital mortality was 0.803, with a sensitivity of 100 % at the cut-off time of 13 h. All-cause in-hospital mortality in high-risk patients was significantly higher in those with presentation-to-endoscopy time of > 13 h compared with those undergoing endoscopy in < 13 h from presentation (44 % vs. 0 %; P < 0.001).Endoscopy within 13 h of presentation was associated with lower mortality in high-risk but not low-risk NVUGIB.
The Relationship between the Arterial Oxygen Saturation and the Cardiovascular Response to Induced Anoxemia in Normal Young Adults
Authors: RAYMOND PENNEYS, CAROLINE BEDELL THOMAS
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The induced anoxemia test of cardiovascular function has been standardized according to the degree of anoxemia rather than the oxygen concentration of the gas mixture administered. The cardiovascular response of normal subjects at 80, 75 and 70 per cent arterial oxygen saturation is described. The changes can be closely correlated with the degree of anoxemia, as measured by the oximeter.
Incidence of Leukaemia in Singapore, and Rarity of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia in Chinese
Authors: R. Wells, K. S. Lau
Journal: BMJ (1960)

BEDIRJUR 75AL7character of this murmur, that of the heart sounds, and the presence or absence of a diastolic murmur are important in deciding whether or not the heart is normal.From the present findings the characteristics of presumed functional systolic murmurs may be defined, but a murmur with apparently similar characteristics may occur in congenital heart disease or none may be audible.It is worth noting that no very loud, long, or high-pitched systolic murmurs were heard or recorded in the normal infants studied, nor any diastolic murmurs.Foetal murmurs have been previously recorded on infants subsequently found to have congenital heart disease (Smith and Hervert, 1940;Smith, 1941;Menzies and Scott, 1955).The present findings show that murmurs may be recorded in the majority of foetuses near term, and may be audible by foetal stethoscope without a congenital defect being present.Summary and Conclusions A series of 230 full-term infants were examined daily from birth for a minimum of eight days, and observations made on sleeping heart rate, sounds, and murmurs.A quarter of this number were re-examined between the ages of 6 weeks and 6 months.Phonocardiograms were taken on an approximate quarter of the series both before and after birth, and also on a number of infants with known congenital heart disease.From these observations some normal auscultatory data in early infancy could be obtained.The mean sleeping heart rate was tabulated, and showed a significant rise from the second to the eleventh day.All murmurs heard were systolic in timing, and their incidence increased with age, reaching 77% by the eighth day and nearly 90% at follow-up examin- ation.The characteristics of these murmurs could be broadly defined, both clinically and phonocardiographically.It is suggested that the majority probably persist into childhood and are functional in nature.Deviations from the expected normal may be detected clinically, but, because of the difficulties of auscultation, phonocardiography may be a particularly useful diagnostic aid in this age group.The demonstration of systolic murmurs in the majority of foetal tracings implies that the chance observation of an intrauterine murmur does not necessarily imply that the infant has congenital heart disease.I should like to thank Mr. D. M.
CETP Inhibitors to Increase HDL Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Alan R. Tall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are inversely related to the incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke. The lowering of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with statin therapy reduces the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but only by about one third. These findings have led to the idea that raising HDL cholesterol might be a treatment for atherosclerosis. On the basis of the high-HDL phenotype of a human genetic deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP),1 a new class of drugs that inhibit CETP was developed.2 Although the CETP inhibitor torcetrapib is effective at raising HDL cholesterol levels, it . . .
Histopathological and epidemiological characteristics of patients with erythema exudativum multiforme major, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: B. RZANY, O. HERING, M. MOCKENHAUPT, W.S CHRÖDER, E. GOERTTLER, J. RING, E. SCHÖPF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

The clinical and histopathological classification of erythema exudativum multiforme major (EEMM), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are difficult, due to the lack of clear-cut criteria. Based on a new clinical classification, 149 of 219 (68%) histopathological specimens, from a total of 534 patients with EEMM, SJS and TEN, have been reviewed. A comparison was made with the clinical picture, and any past history of infection or drug intake. All patients had been included in the German Registry of Severe Skin Reactions between April 1990 and December 1993. No differences could be found between the biopsies examined and the total number of histopathological specimens, concerning clinical diagnosis, gender and age. Sections from 28 of 149 specimens were not diagnostic or were too old to be properly evaluated. In nine cases, other diagnoses were proposed. One hundred and eleven of the histological slides with the diagnosis of EEMM (n = 16), SJS (n = 34) and TEN (n = 61), were classified as epidermal type of erythema multiforme. In these 111 slides, necrotic keratinocytes could be found, ranging from individual cells to confluent epidermal necrosis. The epidermo-dermal junction showed changes ranging from vacuolar alteration up to subepidermal blisters. The dermal infiltrate was superficial and mostly perivascular. It was sparse in SJS and TEN, and more pronounced in EEMM. Oedema in the papillary dermis was evident occasionally in all clinical groups. In 59 of 111 cases (53%), at least one eosinophil was present in the dermis. In 11 of 111 (10%), more than 10 eosinophils per field could be seen. Eosinophils were less common in the patients with the most severe forms of TEN, in whom there was detachment of more than 30% of the skin surface area. No differences in the history for drug intake, or for infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, herpes simplex and other organisms, could be detected between patients with or without eosinophils in their skin sections. This dermatopathological study of patients with EEMM, SJS and TEN indicates that the epidermal type of erythema multiforme is the pathological correlate for these diseases.
DOES THE PRESENCE OF DIABETES INFLUENCE REFERRAL FOR CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION AND REVASCULARIZATION AFTER SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (SPECT) MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING (MPI)?
Authors: Purvi Parwani, Ankur Gupta, Sanjeev Bhavnani, Alan Ahlberg, Deborah Katten, Gary Heller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)