tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Concentric left ventricular remodeling in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice by chronic pressure overload
Authors: H RUETTEN, S DIMMELER, D GEHRING, C IHLING, A ZEIHER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Heart failure as a consequence of sustained hemodynamic overload is among the most prevalent diseases in developed countries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the specific role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in pressure overload-induced left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy.Chronic pressure-overload LV hypertrophy was induced by abdominal aortic banding (AC) in wild-type (WT) and eNOS(-/-) mice. Six weeks after abdominal AC, the consequences of the sustained pressure overload on LV morphology and function were noninvasively and invasively assessed using echocardiography and a 1.4 F conductance catheter. Sham-operated eNOS(-/-) mice had significantly increased systolic blood pressure, slightly enhanced systolic function (preload recruitable stroke work) and normal diastolic function but no evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy when compared to sham-operated WT animals. AC resulted in a greater increase in anterior wall thickness in eNOS(-/-) mice (0.8+/-0.03 mm) compared to WT mice (0.7+/-0.03 mm; P<0.05). The LV end-diastolic diameter was unchanged by AC in eNOS(-/-) mice (sham: 3.8+/-0.1 mm, AC: 3.7+/-0.2 mm) but significantly increased in WT mice (sham: 3.9+/-0.1 mm, AC: 4.5+/-0.2 mm; P<0.05). Interstitial fibrosis and myocyte hypertrophy were greater in eNOS(-/-) than in WT mice after AC. AC in eNOS(-/-) mice caused a greater diastolic than systolic dysfunction compared to WT mice.Chronic pressure overload in eNOS(-/-) mice results in concentric LV hypertrophy without LV dilation and impaired systolic and diastolic function. These findings suggest that eNOS limits LV remodeling and dysfunction and modulates extracellular matrix proteins under chronic pressure overload.
Infective endocarditis: a changing disease. II.
Authors: G W Hayward
Journal: BMJ (1973)

I have chosen for the subject of this Croonian lecture in fective endocarditis in its subacute or chronic forms and have reverted to the original term rather than bacterial en docarditis as the disease may also be caused by rickettsiae, histoplasmas, fungi, and possibly viruses. This disease, al though not common, has always had a fascination for the clinician, morbid anatomist, and bacteriologist, and I can not do better than follow the precept of Osier,1 who, in his Goulstonian lecture on malignant endocarditis to the College in 1885, stated:  is of use from time to time to take stock, so to speak, of our knowledge of a particular disease, to see exactly where we stand in regard to it, and to inquire to what conclusions the accumulated facts seem to point, and to ascertain in what direction we may look for fruitful investi gations in the future. Before this there were many descrip tions in the literature of vegetative or ulcerative endocardi tis, but Osier first showed clearly that these cases could be separated into two groups?septic endocarditis, which we now call acute, where there was an obvious septic focus with septicaemia and infected infarcts, and so-called primary en docarditis, where the source of infection was not obvious, infarcts did not suppurate, and the disease ran a more chronic course. Between 1885 and 1909 the infective nature of this type of chronic endocarditis was established with recovery of or ganisms, usually streptococci of low virulence, from the vegetations and blood stream, and it was realized that the disease affected patients with either chronic valvular disease or congenital malformations of the heart. The clinical fea tures of the disease also became better recognized and were reviewed by Glynn2 in his Lumleian lectures of 1903.
A STAGING TO FACILITATE DRAINAGE AND CONTINUOUS IRRIGATION
Authors: E. H. Willock
Journal: BMJ (1915)

THE splint that I am lhere describinig lhas been of suchl signal service to me in tlle treatment of certain compound fractures of tlhe tibia a.nd fibula due to gunshlot or sheli wounds that I venture to puiblish it for the use of otlher surgeolns if they tllinik fit.For simple fractures of the tibia alone, or for compound ones with a small aniterior wound anid little displacement, thle service pattern McIntyre is lhard to beat, but in bad znompound fractures of both bones, witlh large and septic wounds fore and aft, none, of tlhe ordinary splints is of miiuch use wlhen one is aiining at efficient drainage with early immobilization, and when daily dressing is a niecessity.I tlherefore improvised the following arraange- ment out of anly available pieces of wood; it is designed to provide for any extension necessary in view of overriding of thle fraamenits, to suppor-t tlho leg in a comfortable position, to immnobilize the broken bones, and, above all, to allow free access to the wounds without moving tile limb.The slings miiay Qr mav not be necessary according to tlte amount of extension.One pair of extension straps is bound to the upper part.of the -leg, and, passing round tlle central ends of tlhe upiglhtS D D', isfed to the screws J, on tlle outer sides of D D'; -the otlher, pulling from below', pass througlh the foot board B, after being attaclhed to a foot-piece, anid are tied -aro'und one or mnore pieces, wlhich, acting as a wedge, render increase or decrease of tension possible.
Letter: Deep venous thrombosis: a hypothesis.
Authors: B Eton
Journal: BMJ (1974)

based on a proportionate change in total calcium with protein rather than an absolute change.A slightly improved nomogram would be based on the plasma albumin rather than the total protein and would be derived from the known calcium-albumin associa:ion constant.Such a nomogram can be prepared by any physical chemist and will be included by us in a fo-rthcoming publication.-Weare, etc.,
Discrimination in discretionary points award scheme: Premise is flawed
Authors: A. Lack
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Journals should select drug advertisements more carefullyEditor-Until the ALLHAT study (antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial) was published, 1 there was little, if any, evidence of the clinical benefit of amlodipine in treating hypertension.Nevertheless, as testimony to the marketing success of Pfizer, amlodipine has become the world's biggest selling antihypertensive drug.Pfizer is obviously keen to publicise the results from ALLHAT.Several medical journals, including the BMJ, have recently printed an advertisement for amlodipine in which it is claimed: "with the results of the ALLHAT study, lowering blood pressure with [amlodipine] in high risk hypertensive patients is now proven to be equivalent to a diuretic in stroke outcome."Although the advertisement is factually correct, unsurprisingly, it does not mention the comparative cost of amlodipine.According to prices in the latest British National Formulary, it costs about 16 times more to treat hypertension with amlodipine than it does with bendrofluazide, the most commonly prescribed thiazide diuretic in the United Kingdom.If equivalent efficacy is accepted, this makes amlodipine about 1/16th as cost effective.Given that hypertension is the commonest treatable chronic medical condition in the United Kingdom, a treatment strategy based on amlodipine would be wasteful.Most would agree that those who prescribe have a duty to consider cost effectiveness, especially when there is a choice of effective treatments. 2 It is therefore disappointing that major medical journals, particularly those that have championed transparency in the health service-industry partnership, are prepared to accept advertisements that contain information that may be considered misleading.We suggest that reputable journals should take account of any potentially misleading content in deciding which advertisements to publish.
Intravenous Fluids in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Behnood Bikdeli, Kelly M. Strait, Kumar Dharmarajan, Shu-Xia Li, Purav Mody, Chohreh Partovian, Steven G. Coca, Nancy Kim, Leora I. Horwitz, Jeffrey M. Testani, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2015)
Metal transport in cells: cadmium uptake by rat hepatocytes and renal cortical epithelial cells.
Authors: Z A Shaikh, M E Blazka, T Endo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The toxic metals appear to use the transport pathways that exist for biologically essential metals. In this regard interactions between the toxic and essential metals are possible. This report summarizes recent findings on the transport of cadmium in rat hepatocytes and renal cortical epithelial cells in the presence or absence of certain essential metals. The transport of cadmium in hepatocytes does not require energy and, therefore, is not an active process. It occurs primarily (80%) by temperature-sensitive processes, i.e., ion channels and carriers, that involve interaction with sulfhydryl groups. These processes apparently exist for the transport of essential metals like copper, zinc and calcium. The remaining 20% of the cadmium in hepatocytes is transported via a temperature-insensitive process, possibly by diffusion. In comparison with the hepatocytes, a smaller fraction (30%) of the cadmium transport through the basolateral membrane and none from the apical membrane of the renal cortical epithelial cells is temperature-sensitive. Total accumulation through the basolateral membrane is about twice that through the apical membrane. A majority of the cadmium transport in the renal cells is by diffusion. As in hepatocytes, copper, zinc and mercury antagonize cadmium transport through the apical membranes of the renal cells. The relative antagonism by copper is the same (25%); however, the antagonism by zinc (16%) and mercury (10%) is 4- to 6-fold lower than in hepatocytes. It appears that the relative contribution of various transport pathways available for cadmium uptake is different in each cell type and apparently depends on the morphological and functional differences between the cell membranes.
'Surveyor Opinion' Development and Implementation in Monroe County, New York
Authors: Carmen Cristo
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The development of a proper method for studying patterns of bed utilization has been difficult and slow, primarily because there is heavy reliance on "surveyor" or "viewer" opinion, which is judgmental and therefore not easily analyzed. The Medical Society of the County of Monroe, New York, has had an active program of utilization investigation and education over the past five years. Its physician members have taken part in a number of coordinated local studies as "surveyors" both in and out of the county area. The value of this approach becomes obvious when one considers not only the gathering of statistical data but the exposure of the physician "observer" or "surveyor" to the peculiar problems of utilization review. In October 1960, Dr. Hobard L. Boyd, then president of the Medical Society of the County of Monroe, initiated the program which led to the establishment of the Monroe County Medical Society's Community
RESPIRATORY FAILURE AND THE DRINKER RESPIRATOR IN POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: EMIL SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1933)

During and following the epidemic of poliomyelitis in 1931, numerous additions have been made to the literature of this subject. My purpose in this paper, based on a study of thirty-six cases, is to record observations made in cases of poliomyelitis culminating in paralysis of the respiratory muscles, to delineate the clinical picture when respiratory paralysis is fully established, to outline the results of treatment with the use of the respirator, and, finally, to describe the indications for removing the patients from the Drinker apparatus.  TYPES OF PARALYSIS AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY APPARATUS  1. Ascending Paralysis.  —Most of the cases of poliomyelitis leading to respiratory involvement begin with paralysis of one or both of the lower extremities. Thirty-five of the thirty-six patients in this series presented an initial weakness of the lower extremities, followed by absent knee jerks and complete flaccidity of these limbs. Several hours later the cremasteric and abdominal
Fetal Lead Exposure and Infant Mental Development Index
Authors: Roberto Ronchetti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Risk of Lymphohematopoietic Malignancies in Uranium MinersR ˇer ˇicha et al. (2006) analyzed data from Czech uranium miners with respect to incidence of malignancies of the lymphohematopoietic system.Their results, however, do not correspond with those of two recent studies on German uranium miners (Kreuzer et al. 2004; Möhner et al. 2006).R ˇer ˇicha et al. ( 2006) used a casecohort design, in which the subcohort was stratified by attained age and duration of employment.Stratification by age is a standard approach in case-cohort studies to optimize data ascertainment in the subcohort.However, stratification by duration of employment is problematic, because in occupational epidemiology it should be assumed that the duration of employment is highly correlated with cumulative exposure.Therefore, this kind of stratification contradicts the general demand for a random selection of controls with respect to exposure under study.Comparing the ratios of sampling fractions (< 12 months vs. ≥ 12 months duration of employment) between age groups results in a heterogeneous picture (Table 1).It is not uncommon in occupational cohort studies to include only subjects with a duration of employment of at least a certain number of months into the cohort.An analysis of only those miners with an employment duration of at least 12 months would be in line not only with the standard methodology but also with earlier published results of the authors (R ˇer ˇicha et al. 1998).Hence, the authors should have at least explained their reasoning for including the remaining miners in a second set of strata.In addition, they should have presented separate results for both duration strata to validate the result of the combined analysis.Given the above-mentioned assumption concerning the relationship between duration of employment and cumulative exposure, I calculated crude incidence rate ratios using data from Table 1 of R ˇer ˇicha et al. (2006).The age-specific odds ratios cover a wide range (0.29-7.16), and a corresponding test yields only borderline homogeneity.Consequently, completeness of matching with the cancer registry needs to be discussed.According to the study design, the time period between last exposure and begin of follow-up can span up to 27 years; therefore, the healthy-worker survivor effect could be an important issue in this study (R ˇer ˇicha et al. 2006).In light of the discussion on the magnitude of the latency period for leukemia, more detailed results would be useful to get an impression on, for example, the effect of the year of last exposure.
Does Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reduce the Rate of Positive Surgical Margins at Radical Prostatectomy in a Randomised Clinical Trial?
Authors: Erik Rud, Eduard Baco, Dagmar Klotz, Kristin Rennesund, Aud Svindland, Viktor Berge, Eskild Lundeby, Nicolai Wessel, Jon-Roar Hoff, Rolf Eigil Berg, Lien Diep, Heidi B. Eggesbø, Lars Magne Eri
Journal: European Urology (2015)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to help the surgeon tailor radical prostatectomy (RP) more accurately according to the location and extent of the tumour and thereby reduce the rate of positive surgical margins (PSMs). To evaluate the benefit of performing MRI prior to RP. This single-institution randomised trial included 438 patients between December 2009 and June 2012 who were scheduled for robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. The study was registered (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01347320). Patients were preoperatively randomly assigned to non-MRI or MRI groups. The primary end point was the difference in the PSM rates between the two groups. Secondary end points were the rates of PSMs in clinical subgroups. Summary statistics were extracted from descriptive analyses, chi-square, or Fisher exact test, and logistic regression was used to analyse the data according to the intention-to-treat principle. A total of 216 patients were randomised to non-MRI; 222 were randomised to MRI. There were 49 cases (23%) of PSMs in the non-MRI group and 43 cases (19%) in the MRI group (p = 0.4). The relative and absolute risk reduction was 15% and 4%, respectively. Patients with cT1 constituted 55% of the cohort, in which the rate of PSMs was 27% in the non-MRI group and 16% in the MRI group (p = 0.035). The relative and absolute risk reduction was 41% and 11%, respectively. A limitation was suboptimal communication between the radiologist and urologist. MRI prior to RP did not reduce the overall risk for PSMs in this patient cohort. However, at subgroup analysis we observed a possible benefit of MRI in patients with cT1. This study could not demonstrate a definite benefit of performing magnetic resonance imaging before surgery for all patients. However, there was a possible improved result in patients in which physical examination could not detect the cancer.
Write Wrong, Follow the King
Authors: David Goldblatt
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his review of Lester S. King's book, Robert A. Day<sup>1</sup>is critical of various perceived shortcomings but concludes his review by reproducing a paragraph from King that he declares to be a "gem" and that he plans to quote in his next book. The paragraph concerns "the adverb<i>very</i>." It ends with this sentence: "<i>Very</i>is one of the words that contributes to flabby writing." That is, says Day, "clear advice, stated... clearly." I would be better disposed to accept the opinions of both writers as authoritative if King had not written that sentence and Day had not endorsed it. The antecedent of the relative pronoun "that" is "words," a plural noun (not one, since that would make no sense). "That," therefore, is plural and requires a plural verb, "contribute." King could have written, "<i>Very</i>is one word that contributes...," but he didn't. I had
Taking non-aspirin NSAIDs in early pregnancy doubles risk of miscarriage, study shows
Authors: B. Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The risk of miscarriage among women who took any type and dosage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), excluding aspirin, in early pregnancy is more than double that among pregnant women who did not, concludes a new study published in the journal of the Canadian Medical Association ( CMAJ doi:10.1503/cmaj.110454).

The principal investigator, Anick Berard, professor in the Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Montreal, said, “We consistently saw that the risk of having a spontaneous abortion was associated with gestational use of diclofenac, naproxen, celecoxib, ibuprofen, and rofecoxib alone or in combination, suggesting a class effect. We did not see a dose-response …
The Predicting Response to Inhaled Corticosteroid Efficacy (PRICE) trial
Authors: Richard J. Martin, Stanley J. Szefler, Tonya S. King, Monica Kraft, Homer A. Boushey, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Timothy J. Craig, Emily A. DiMango, Aaron Deykin, John V. Fahy, Elliot Israel, Stephen C. Lazarus, Robert F. Lemanske, Frank T. Leone, Gene R. Pesola, Stephen P. Peters, Christine A. Sorkness, Lisa A. Szwejbka, Michael E. Wechsler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Cervical Lipomas Masquerading as Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Jean-Robert Leonidas
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Masses in the thyroid gland can usually be distinguished from other anterior cervical masses by history, physical examination, and scintigraphic and ultrasonographic examination. We describe four cases of lipomas masquerading as thyroid nodules in which finding from these examinations were consistent with solid thyroid nodules. Computed tomography can distinguish fat from thyroid tissue density, thus avoiding the use of thyroid hormone suppression or the need for urgent surgery.
The efficacy of tetracycline antibiotics for treatment of lichen planus: an open-label clinical trial
Authors: B.M. Hantash, M.H. Kanzler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article The efficacy of tetracycline antibiotics for treatment of lichen planus: an open‐label clinical trial Get access B.M. Hantash, B.M. Hantash Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.H. Kanzler M.H. Kanzler Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A.Division of Dermatology, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, U.S.A. E‐mail: bhantash@stanford.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 4, 1 April 2007, Pages 758–760, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07733.x Published: 01 April 2007
Autoimmunity and pregnancy loss
Authors: M.Bardett Fausett, D.Ware Branch
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The spontaneous loss of a clinically recognized pregnancy is the most common complication of human gestation and is a significant emotional disappointment for the involved couple. Recurrent pregnancy loss (traditionally defined as three consecutive losses) occurs in 0.5% to 1% of women, an incidence equal to or exceeding that of most major medical problems. Genetic, anatomic, hormonal, and infectious factors have each been implicated as causing some spontaneous abortion, but even when taken together they do not explain the majority of losses. Within the last 10 years several maternal autoimmune conditions have been linked to pregnancy loss. Although these autoimmune conditions do not appear to explain a large proportion of losses, they are as important numerically as uterine malformations and parental chromosome abnormalities. A few maternal autoimmune conditions cause pregnancy loss through the transplacental passage of maternal autoantibodies that act on the fetus through classic autoantibody-mediated mechanisms. The best example
The polypill and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Tom Fahey, Peter Brindle, Shah Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (2005)

May be appropriate for secondary, but perhaps not for primary prevention 

T he prevention of cardiovascular disease with drug therapy is well known. Randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses of trials of lipid and blood pressure lowering and antiplatelet therapy have established their efficacy in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Wald and Law have proposed that these three treatments, along with folic acid, be combined into a “polypill.”1 They propose a combined strategy for primary and secondary prevention—targeting all people with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (secondary prevention) but more controversially, targeting all adults aged over 55 (primary prevention) as well. The underlying assumption concerning the efficacy of this strategy is that the six individual ingredients of the polypill (thiazide diuretic, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, β blocker, statin, aspirin, and folic acid) when combined together have synergistic treatment effects—calculated by multiplying the relative risk reductions on each class of treatment. Their polypill strategy has generated worldwide interest, with some critics questioning this underlying multiplicative assumption as being too optimistic.

For these reasons, the …
Drainage Across Midline to Sentinel Nodes in the Contralateral Axilla in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ilhan Lim, Jungho Shim, Martin Goyenechea, Chun K. Kim, Borys R. Krynyckyi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

The authors report a case of recurrent breast carcinoma in the right chest in a patient who earlier had a right breast mastectomy. Injection of Tc-99m sulfur colloid into the lesion site in the right midchest revealed drainage to a very faint node in the contralateral axilla on the left, an unexpected site, and none to the ipsilateral axilla, the expected site. Disease was found in the left axilla in the sentinel nodes. Lymphoscintigraphy added valuable information in the management of this patient.