tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and diagnosis of chronic respiratory symptoms in adults.
Authors: P. Littlejohns, S. Ebrahim, R. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To investigate the prevalence and diagnosis of chronic respiratory disease in adults.Screening questionnaire was sent to all patients aged 40-70 on the register of a group general practice; those responding positively were sent a detailed questionnaire and invited for assessment of respiratory function by forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity, peak flow rate, and reversibility studies with a beta adrenergic inhaler.Group general practice in south west London.Of 2387 patients aged 40-70, 1444 completed a screening questionnaire. Of the 509 patients who reported cough, phlegm, wheeze, or shortness of breath, 324 responded to a detailed questionnaire, 256 of whom had simple respiratory function assessed. Chronic bronchitis affected 106 (17%) men and 58 (7%) women, and wheeze occurring at least once a week affected 60 (9%) men and 20 (3%) women. Only a half to a third of patients had received a diagnostic label of chronic bronchitis or asthma for their symptoms. There was considerable clinical and physiological similarity (including reversibility of the airways) between patients labelled as having asthma and having chronic bronchitis. A label of asthma was used more often for patients of social classes I and II.Comparison with prevalence surveys carried out in the 1950s showed that respiratory symptoms are as common now as then, but the risk of disabling chronic bronchitis has fallen, more among men than women, probably because of their reduced smoking. Changes in diagnostic fashion, together with increased detection, may have contributed to the upward trend in reported morbidity from asthma over the past 30 years.
TUMOR OF THE HYPOPHYSIS IN A CASE OF ACROMEGALY
Authors: JULIUS GRINKER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The importance to health of the integrity of the pituitary gland is now unquestioned. Experimentalists and clinicians are busy elucidating its physiology and pathology, in order that rules may be formulated for the diagnosis and treatment of its various disorders. Meanwhile surgeons are perfecting new practical methods of approach to the hidden gland at the base of the brain, thus robbing hypophysectomy of many of its dangers. The literature of the past few years has been enriched by a number of valuable articles and monographs on the theoretical and practical aspects of hypophyseal disorders, which must be consulted by those wishing to get a general view of the subject. My contribution is the report of a case of acromegaly with post-mortem findings, which I had the privilege of studying for about seven years. I shall attempt, if possible, to correlate the features of this case with the latter-day teachings on
Do Somatic Complaints Predict Subsequent Symptoms of Depression?
Authors: Lisa Terre, Walker S. Carlos Poston, John Foreyt, Sachiko T. St. Jeor
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2003)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Evidence suggests substantial comorbidity between symptoms of somatization and depression in clinical as well as nonclinical populations. However, as most existing research has been retrospective or cross-sectional in design, very little is known about the specific nature of this relationship. In particular, it is unclear whether somatic complaints may heighten the risk for the subsequent development of depressive symptoms. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; We report findings on the link between symptoms of somatization (assessed using the SCL-90-R) and depression 5 years later (assessed using the CES-D) in an initially healthy cohort of community adults, based on prospective data from the RENO Diet-Heart Study. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Gender-stratified multiple regression analyses revealed that baseline CES-D scores were the best predictors of subsequent depressive symptoms for men and women. Baseline scores on the SCL-90-R somatization subscale significantly predicted subsequent self-reported symptoms of depressed mood 5 years later, but only in women. However, somatic complaints were a somewhat less powerful predictor than income and age. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Our findings suggest that somatic complaints may represent one, but not necessarily the most important, risk factor for the subsequent development of depressive symptoms in women in nonclinical populations. The results also highlight the importance of including social variables in studies on women’s depression as well as conducting additional research to further examine predictors of depressive symptoms in men.
Risk of childhood cancer and adult lung cancer after childhood exposure to passive smoke: A meta-analysis.
Authors: P Boffetta, J Trédaniel, A Greco
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We identified more than 30 studies on the association between exposure to maternal tobacco smoke during pregnancy and cancer in childhood. We combined their results in meta-analyses based on a random effects model. The results of the meta-analyses suggest a small increase in risk of all neoplasms [relative risk (RR) 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.19; based on 12 studies], but not of specific neoplasms such as leukemia (RR 1.05; CI, 0.82-1.34; 8 studies) and central nervous system tumors (RR 1.04; CI, 0.92-1. 18; 12 studies). Results for other specific neoplasms were sparse, but the available data did not suggest a strong association for any type of tumor. No clear evidence of dose response was present in the studies that addressed this issue. The results on exposure to maternal tobacco smoke before or after pregnancy are too sparse to allow a conclusion. The results on exposure to paternal tobacco smoke suggest an association with brain tumors (RR 1.22; CI, 1.05-1. 40; based on 10 studies) and lymphomas (RR 2.08; CI, 1.08-3.98; 4 studies). The data are too sparse for the other neoplasms, although the results of a few recent large studies are compatible with a weak carcinogenic effect of paternal smoke. For exposure from either maternal or paternal smoke, bias and confounding cannot yet be ruled out. Further studies are needed to confirm the hypothesis that parental tobacco smoke, from the father in particular, is a risk factor of childhood cancer. Results on the risk of lung cancer in adulthood and childhood passive smoking exposure are available from 11 studies: they do not provide evidence of an increased risk (summary RR 0.91; CI, 0.80-1.05).
Streptococcus bovis and Colonic Lesions
Authors: JAMES P. CROWLEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1978Streptococcus bovis and Colonic LesionsJAMES P. CROWLEY, M.D., SAUL AHOLA, M.D., JOSE BEHAR, M.D.JAMES P. CROWLEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SAUL AHOLA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOSE BEHAR, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-6-1009_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A case we have recently seen supports conclusions in papers (1, 2) on the association of Streptococcus bovis with disease of the colon and subacute bacterial endocarditis. It also indicates the value of colonoscopy as a diagnostic tool when other studies are negative, and we wish to call this to the attention of other clinicians.A 62-year-old factory worker presented with fever, malaise, and fatigue of 3 weeks' duration. He had a grade II/VI systolic ejection murmur. His hemoglobin level was 5.0 g/dl; a blood smear showed severe microcytosis. Occult blood was present in the stool. Several...References1. HOPPESLERNER WP: Nonenterococcal group-D streptococcal endocarditis caused by Streptococcus bovis. Ann Intern Med 81:588-593, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar2. KLEINRECCOCATALANOEDBERGCASEYSTEIGBIGEL RRMSJN: Association of Streptococcus bovis with carcinoma of the colon. N Engl J Med 297:800-802, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rhode Island Hospital Providence, RI 02902 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Association of Streptococcus bovis Bacteremia and Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Retrospective AnalysisRecovery of uncommon bacteria from blood: association with neoplastic disease 1 December 1978Volume 89, Issue 6Page: 1009-1010KeywordsBacterial diseasesBloodColonoscopyEndocarditisFatigueFeversHemoglobinLesionsStreptococcusSystolic ejection murmur ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Phosphorylation of the adaptor ASC acts as a molecular switch that controls the formation of speck-like aggregates and inflammasome activity
Authors: Hideki Hara, Kohsuke Tsuchiya, Ikuo Kawamura, Rendong Fang, Eduardo Hernandez-Cuellar, Yanna Shen, Junichiro Mizuguchi, Edina Schweighoffer, Victor Tybulewicz, Masao Mitsuyama
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)
A novel threonine to proline mutation in the helix termination motif of keratin 1 in epidermolytic hyperkeratosis with severe palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and contractures of the digits
Authors: S. Muramatsu, Y. Suga, Y. Mizuno, T. Hasegawa, H. Tsuchihashi, S. Matsuba, K. Kohroh, H. Yaguchi, H. Ogawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EHK; MIM 113800) is a rare disorder of cornification, which is inherited in an autosomal dominant mode. This genodermatosis is characterized by widespread blistering at birth and an ichthyotic erythroderma which persists into adulthood. We report a patient with EHK with severe palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (PPK) and digital contractures. Molecular analysis of the patient's keratin 1 gene (KRT1) revealed a novel mutation resulting in a threonine to proline substitution at codon 481 of the highly conserved helix termination motif. A 26‐year‐old Japanese man visited our hospital with his unaffected parents. At birth he had had skin blistering, erosion and ichthyotic erythroderma, and hyperkeratosis which increased with age until his adolescence (Fig. 1a). The generalized erythroderma and hyperkeratosis were most severe over the flexor and extensor surfaces of his joints. Blistering did not diminish with age; on the contrary, it appeared on his trunk and extremities as acute events after physical trauma, pressure or treatment with retinoids.
Elevated Serum Free Light Chains Predict Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Srikanth Bellary, Jeffrey M. Faint, Lakhvir K. Assi, Colin A. Hutchison, Stephen J. Harding, Neil T. Raymond, Anthony H. Barnett
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE Elevated polyclonal serum immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs; combined FLCκ+FLCλ [cFLC]) are associated with adverse clinical outcomes and increased mortality; we investigated cFLC and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a cohort study of 352 south Asian patients with type 2 diabetes, serum cFLC, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and standard biochemistry were measured. CVD events over 2 years were recorded and assessed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS cFLC levels were elevated significantly in 29 of 352 (8%) patients with CVD events during 2 years of follow-up (50.7 vs. 42.8 mg/L; P = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, elevated cFLC (&amp;gt;57.2 mg/L) was associated with CVD outcomes (odds ratio 3.3 [95% CI 1.3–8.2]; P = 0.012) and remained significant after adjusting for age, albumin-to-creatinine ratio, diabetes duration, or treatment. CONCLUSIONS cFLC elevation is a novel marker for CVD outcomes in type 2 diabetes that warrants further investigation.
Primary Medical Practice in the United Kingdom and the United States
Authors: Derek Robinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Abstract Comparisons between the United Kingdom and the United States reveal definite differences in the style and content of primary medical practice. In the United States emphasis is on diagnosis. In the United Kingdom emphasis is on continuity and homebased care supported by a nationwide network of paramedical and social services. In both countries more is known about what discontents physicians than what satisfies patients. Medical practice and physician-patient relations are profoundly affected by external factors, including social attitudes, privileges, tradition, personal expectations and, above all, economics. The American medical profession is the more exposed to external criticism, and future conflict and preoccupation with survival is largely an American phenomenon. Little is known in either country about the long-term outcome of different forms of medical care. In Britain patients appear to value kindness above applied medical technology. (N Engl J Med 297:188–193, 1977)
Illusions of Parasitosis
Authors: G. A. Heidbreder
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, "Urticarial and Nodular Lesions On Legs: Insect Bites or Systemic Disease?" (<b>215</b>:1334, 1971), the statement is made that fleas are "traditionally believed to infest switchboards and associated equipment." We have long known of the supposed existence of "cable fleas, cable lice, paper lice," and other alleged occupational arthropod problems. Most of the cases investigated involved women in sedentary jobs such as telephone operators and file clerks. In only a few instances has an actual biting insect been truly implicated. Various physical or environmental conditions have caused the alleged dermatitis and pruritus. These have included material blown from air conditioning units, various paper stocks which shed small spicules that can cause temporary irritation, and other contributing factors. Emotional involvements due to work in a depressing or drab environment have also been observed. Local psychiatrists term this manifestation "Illusions of Parasitosis." Fleas are certainly
The Jugleby Lecture on THE BLOOD TRAIL
Authors: J. Bland-Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1930)

WVEN ien and w^omeni are impaticet in relation to the (lisco-ery of causes amid iimeanis for tlhe, cotrie of dan-gerous discases it is utseful to remind them of thle Blood Trail as a remiiedy for their impatience.Kniowirledge of the blood and its circilation hla-s becin acquired by slow anid uincertain stages.OutIr initerest in it begins in childlhood.The colouLr anid clottinig of blood
Coca-Cola health scare may be mass sociogenic illness
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Belgium witnessed an outbreak of mass sociogenic illness last month as hundreds of people contacted the country's National Poison Centre when they became ill after drinking Coca-Cola. But scientists are divided over the scale of the outbreak and whether it fully explains the many different symptoms, experienced mainly by schoolchildren, which forced the company to take all its products off the market.

Four members or former advisers of the health council attached to the federal health and social affairs ministry have diagnosed mass sociogenic illness as the root cause. They have attributed the large number of health …
Topical zinc oxide treatment improves arterial and venous leg ulcers
Authors: H.-E. STROMBERG, M.S. AGREN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

We performed a randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy of locally applied zinc oxide on the healing of leg ulcers. Thirty-seven geriatric patients, nineteen with arterial and eighteen with venous leg ulcers, were treated either with a gauze compress medicated with zinc oxide (400 micrograms ZnO/cm2) or with an identical compress without zinc oxide. The treatment was assessed from ulcer size measurements and the presence or absence of granulation and ulcer debridement over a period of 8 weeks. The zinc-treated patients (83% success rate) responded significantly better (P less than 0.05) than the placebo-treated patients (42% success rate). The results suggest that healing of leg ulcers is improved after the addition of zinc oxide to the local regimen.
1067. Regulated Expression of Biotherapeutic Proteins and shRNA Using an Ecdysone Receptor-Based Gene Switch
Authors: Prasanna Kumar, Anand K. Katakam, Chris L. Herold
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Many gene therapy approaches depend on the expression of heterologous proteins in the appropriate tissue that will exert a therapeutic effect locally or systemically. When the therapeutic protein expressed is intracellular, that will act on the same cell resulting in cell signaling or antigen presentation. In other instances, the therapeutic protein will be secreted from the cells such that it may act on the target cells located in the vicinity of where it is produced or at a distant site. In most of these situations the amount of the therapeutic protein produced must be precisely controlled for achieving optimal physiological outcomes.

We describe here the application of an ecdysone receptor-based gene switch that can precisely control the expression level of exogenously introduced therapeutic genes. The gene switch consists of two hybrid proteins derived from ecdysone receptor (EcR) and a chimeric RXR that are fused to the gal4 DNA-binding domain and VP16 transcriptional activation domain respectively. These nuclear receptors can heterodimerize and activate transcription from a responsive promoter that is regulated by the binding of a ligand to the EcR. The ligands used in this system are the diacyhydrazine class of compounds that are otherwise pharmacologically inert and show no evidence of toxicity in the mammalian cells. Several modifications were introduced in the original version of the switch such that all the components of the gene switch are assembled into a functional all-in-one vector. Further attempts on size reduction resulted in an all-in-one version of the switch that can be accommodated into viral vectors. Examples will be presented where the switch has been applied for the regulated expression of therapeutic proteins such as interferon|[ndash]|b. In addition, the switch has been adapted for the inducible expression of shRNAs also.
Ethical Dilemmas for House Staff Physicians
Authors: LACHLAN FORROW
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Dr Winkenwerder's 1 sensitive description of the difficult situations frequently encountered by residents is a valuable contribution to the growing literature on the ethical dimensions of graduate medical training. He correctly emphasizes the curricular inadequacies that leave residents ill-equipped to handle the ethical dimensions of clinical care and decision making. Stressing that because most formal medical ethics teaching takes place during the preclinical years, it is inevitably dominated by theoretical (or at best, hypothetical) discussion only. Even the long-term effectiveness of these preclinical ethics courses is undermined by the near absence of formal ethics training during the later, formative years of residency.  Practical problem-solving approaches to the real-life ethical issues of patient care are most effectively taught in residency training. Residents are very receptive to this instruction because their first primary patient responsibilities vividly illustrate its usefulness. Moreover, residents in training have acquired the experience necessary to
Modulation of tumor promotion in liver carcinogenesis.
Authors: H Shinozuka, S E Abanobi, B Lombardi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Earlier, we demonstrated that feeding to rats a diet devoid of choline, a lipotropic factor, markedly enhances hepatoma induction by several chemical carcinogens, and that the diet acts as a strong promoter of the evolution of initiated cells to foci of altered hepatocytes. The ability of several factors to modulate the action of the choline-devoid (CD) diet as a promoter was investigated by quantitating the foci of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive hepatocytes developed in rats exposed to a single injection of diethylnitrosamine. Addition to the diet of phenobarbital (PHB) resulted in a promoting action stronger than those of the CD diet or of PHB alone. Two other barbiturates, amobarbital (AMB) and pentobarbital (PTB) exerted an effect similar to that of PHB, while barbituric acid (BA) had no effect. In other studies, lowering the fat content of the CD diet reduced its efficacy as a promotor, while the addition of a hypolipidemic agent, BR931, 4-chloro-6-(2,3 xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio (N-beta-hydroxy-ethyl)acetamide, completely abolished the promoting action of the CD diet. In rats not exposed to carcinogen, feeding the CD diet caused a marked enhancement of liver DNA synthesis and of cell proliferation. Inclusion of PHB, PTB or AMB in the CD diet inhibited these effects, while BA exerted no inhibition. The increased rate of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in the liver were not affected by the level of fat in the CD diet. These results suggest that beside a stimulation of liver cell proliferation, other factor(s) determine the efficacy with which a CD diet exerts its promoting action.
Hemophilia in Children
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This compact and readable monograph covers the entire scope of hemophilia in childhood. The 13 chapters have been contributed by 17 authors and coauthors, all of whom are acknowledged experts in the specialized management of patients with coagulation disorders. Careful editing and chapter design have eliminated the redundancy so commonly found in multiauthored monographs, while preserving divergency of authoritative opinions. Approximately 30% of the text is devoted to the immunologic, biochemical, genetic, and laboratory aspects of hemophilia. The sections dealing with molecular structure and its variants and the genetic considerations are particularly scholarly. More than half of the book attends to the nittygritty diagnosis and management of the specific problems frequently encountered in hemophilia, namely, musculoskeletal, renal, neurological, and dental. The chapter on current management of inhibitors is up to the minute in its perspective. The sections dealing with dental and oral surgery are exceptionally well done, and the material
Defense Costs of Medical Malpractice Claims
Authors: Seth Seabury, Amitabh Chandra, Darius Lakdawalla, Anupam B. Jena
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

In this analysis of defense costs associated with malpractice claims closed between 1995 and 2005, the mean defense cost per claim was about $23,000. Costs were higher for claims resulting in an indemnity payment, and defense costs varied widely across specialties.
The endoloop–clips technique for closure of large iatrogenic colonic perforations
Authors: P. Katsinelos, G. Chatzimavroudis, S. Terzoudis, K. Fasoulas
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

We read with considerable interest the excellent review article of Panteris et al. [1] on colonic perforation after diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy. In the section on endoscopic treatment, they report the successful use of endoclipping to seal visible or suspected immediate perforations in order to avoid abdominal contamination and subsequent operative management, noting that in all cases the defect was less than 10 mm in size. The limitation of the application of this technique to defects of such small size reflects the fact that the aperture between long clip arms is only 12 mm, making it almost impossible to use endoclipping for the treatment of large defects.