tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Future expectations in cardiomyoplasty.
Authors: R el Oakley
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The point of our editorial, as indicated in its title, is somewhat different, however.We question the value of identifying a high-risk group except when this will lead to a different surgical plan (cancellation of elective surgery or a less extensive procedure) or a demonstrably better long-term outcome.This latter point is critical.Fleisher and Barash suggest that in selected patients, preoperative testing may lead to the "benefit" of coronary revas- cularization or invasive monitoring.We are not aware of well- designed studies that demonstrate a better long-term outcome when "prophylactic" revascularization is performed and the com- bined morbidity and mortality of these procedures are compared with those of the noncardiac operation alone.Since careful, usually invasive, monitoring is standard for most high-risk proce- dures and patients and itself has not been proven to prevent ischemic complications, the benefit of identifying additional can- didates is also uncertain.Thus, when we emphasize the importance of clinical assessment, it is not because this is the optimal approach to risk stratification but because it may still be the best way to determine the appropriate candidates for interventions of proven value.Patients with unstable or limiting symptoms are potential candidates for coronary revascularization, as are those with less severe symptoms and associated left ventricular dysfunction.With regard to other patients, in the absence of further data, we feel that it is premature to embrace the risk of noncardiac surgery as a new and independent indication for coronary revascularization.This is one area of clinical practice that would benefit greatly from a well-designed clinical trial.
BRM and BRG1 subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex are downregulated upon progression of benign skin lesions into invasive tumours
Authors: V.L. Bock, J.G. Lyons, X.X.J. Huang, A.M. Jones, L.A. McDonald, R.A. Scolyer, F.J. Moloney, R.StC. Barnetson, G.M. Halliday
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Background Nonmelanoma skin cancer is caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation within sunlight. Actinic keratoses (AKs) are benign precursor lesions that can develop into invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Little is known about the molecular events that lead to human skin cancer progression from benign to invasive. Objectives To determine novel genes that may be involved in skin cancer progression based on data from an initial microarray screen of human skin cancers. Methods The SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling ATPase subunit BRM was identified as being downregulated in SCC but not AK compared with normal skin in our microarray screen. Therefore reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, gene methylation and protein expression was used to study BRM and its alternative ATPase subunit BRG1 in a range of human skin cancers. Results We found reduced levels of mRNA coding for BRM but not BRG1 in SCC. BRM mRNA levels in AK were similar to those in normal skin. Deregulation of BRM did not result from hypermethylation of CpG regions in the promoter of these genes. Both BRM and BRG1 protein was reduced by about 10-fold in 100% of SCC and basal cell carcinoma, but not in AK specimens examined. Conclusions BRM protein may be decreased due to low levels of mRNA, while BRG1 protein loss appears to be post-translational. BRM and BRG1 may be novel tumour suppressor genes for human skin cancer. They appear to be involved after development of benign lesions, and are downregulated during progression towards invasion.
Prospective Payment System and Impairment at Discharge
Authors: Jacqueline Kosecoff
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Since the introduction of the prospective payment system (PPS), anecdotal evidence has accumulated that patients are leaving the hospital "quicker and sicker." We developed valid measures of discharge impairment and measured these levels in a nationally representative sample of patients with one of five conditions prior to and following the PPS implementation. Instability at discharge (important clinical problems usually first occurring prior to discharge) predicted the likelihood of postdischarge deaths. At 90 days postdischarge, 16% of patients discharged unstable were dead vs 110% of patients discharged stable. After the PPS introduction, instability increased primarily among patients discharged home. Prior to the PPS, 10% of patients discharged home were unstable; after the PPS was implemented, 15% were discharged unstable, a 43% relative change. Efforts to monitor the effect of this increase in discharge instability on health should be implemented. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1980-1983)
Epigenetic programming of glucose-regulated insulin release
Authors: Frans Schuit
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Pancreatic β cells support glucose homeostasis with great precision by matching insulin release to the metabolic needs of the moment. Previous gene-expression analysis indicates that adult β cells not only produce cell-specific proteins, but also repress a small set of housekeeping genes - such as those encoding lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), solute transporter MCT1, and hexokinase 1 (HK1) - that would otherwise interfere with normal β cell function. In this issue of the JCI, Dhawan et al. elucidate a molecular mechanism involved in β cell-specific repression of Ldha and Hk1 that is mediated by induction of the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A during the first weeks after birth. Failure to induce DNMT3A-dependent methylation disrupts normal glucose-induced insulin release in adult life. The results of this study reinforce the idea that the phenotype of adult β cells has two faces and that failure to achieve selective gene repression undermines β cell support of normal glucose homeostasis.
Celebrating the ACP Centennial: From the <i>Annals</i> Archive—Diagnosing Chest Pain
Authors: Deborah Cotton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Editorials4 August 2015Celebrating the ACP Centennial: From the Annals Archive—Diagnosing Chest PainDeborah Cotton, MD, MPHDeborah Cotton, MD, MPHSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M15-1299 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail During the 2015 centennial year of the American College of Physicians, publisher of Annals of Internal Medicine, Annals editors will link an article in each issue with an earlier paper from our archives addressing the same disease or clinical question. We hope our readers find this interesting and we welcome comments, especially from physicians who were practicing at the time of publication of the original paper who might offer insight into the impact of the earlier paper on their knowledge or practice.In this issue, Levsky and colleagues (1) compare the performance of coronary computed tomography angiography and myocardial perfusion ...References1. Levsky JM, Spevack DM, Travin MI, Menegus MA, Huang PW, Clark ET, et al. Coronary computed tomography angiography versus radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with chest pain admitted to telemetry.A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163:174-83. doi:10.7326/M14-2948 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Master AM, Jaffe HL, Pordy L. Cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain: a statistical study of "diagnostic" criteria. Ann Intern Med. 1954;41:315-22. [PMID: 13181282] doi:10.7326/0003-4819-41-2-315 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Deborah Cotton, MD, MPH PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCARDIAC AND NON-CARDIAC CHEST PAIN: A STATISTICAL STUDY OF "DIAGNOSTIC" CRITERIA ARTHUR M. MASTER , HARRY L. JAFFE , LEON PORDY Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Versus Radionuclide Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients With Chest Pain Admitted to Telemetry Jeffrey M. Levsky , Daniel M. Spevack , Mark I. Travin , Mark A. Menegus , Paul W. Huang , Elana T. Clark , Choo-won Kim , Esther Hirschhorn , Katherine D. Freeman , Jonathan N. Tobin , and Linda B. Haramati Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Versus Radionuclide Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients With Chest Pain Admitted to Telemetry Jeffrey M. Levsky , Daniel M. Spevack , Mark I. Travin , Mark A. Menegus , Paul W. Huang , Elana T. Clark , Choo-won Kim , Esther Hirschhorn , Katherine D. Freeman , Jonathan N. Tobin , and Linda B. Haramati Metrics 4 August 2015Volume 163, Issue 3Page: 231KeywordsArchivesCoronary arteriesElectrocardiographyHypertensionIschemiaMyocardial infarctionMyocardial perfusion imagingQuestionnairesShouldersStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 4 August 2015 Issue Published: 4 August 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 19088: Social Burden and Life Style in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: A C Zomer, Ilonca Vaartjes, Cuno S Uiterwaal, Enno T van der Velde, Elly M Wajon, J Plomp, Paul F van Bergen, Eva Krivka, Cees J de Vries, Dirk J Lok, Diederick E Grobbee, Barbara J Mulder
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objective: The potential burden of a congenital heart defect on adult life is scarcely investigated. Our aim was to evaluate whether the presence and severity of congenital heart disease (CHD) influences socioeconomic status, household situation and life style in the adult population. Methods: Patients were randomly selected from CONCOR (n=11,047), the national registry of adult patients with CHD in the Netherlands, to complete a questionnaire addressing employment status, educational attainment, marital status & offspring, and life style. The reference group was derived from the Utrecht Health Project (n=6,810). Logistic regression models were used to adjust for age, gender and socio-economic status. Results: A total of 1571 adult patients (51% male; median age 39 years (range 18-94)) with mild (45%), moderate (45%), and severe (10%) CHD completed the questionnaire (response rate of 87%). Employment rates were significantly lower among patients with mild, moderate, and severe CHD (61% vs. 70% vs. 65% res...
Results of Liver Function Tests
Authors: E. L. Sherrer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1927)

Article1 August 1927Results of Liver Function TestsE. L. SHERRER, M.D.E. L. SHERRER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-1-2-63 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the past three years much has been said and written about liver function tests. While everyone who has worked with the various tests feels that these laboratory examinations add some information to the understanding of liver disturbances, as yet no final statement has been made as to their value in the observation and diagnosis of diseases of the liver. The correlation of laboratory findings and the clinical picture presented by the individual case has been difficult, and we feel that it is only by extensive observations that such correlations will be obtained. In order to gain first-hand information in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio*Clinical discussion given before the American College of Physicians at the Cleveland Clinic, February 22-25, 1927. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAnesthetics and liver function 1 August 1927Volume 1, Issue 2Page: 63-67KeywordsLiverLiver diseasesLiver function testsResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1927 PDF downloadLoading ...
A novel nuclear phosphoprotein, GANP, is up-regulated in centrocytes of the germinal center and associated with MCM3, a protein essential for DNA replication
Authors: Kazuhiko Kuwahara, Mikoto Yoshida, Eisaku Kondo, Atsuko Sakata, Yuko Watanabe, Eiji Abe, Yoshihiko Kouno, Shinjirou Tomiyasu, Satoru Fujimura, Takeshi Tokuhisa, Hiroshi Kimura, Taichi Ezaki, Nobuo Sakaguchi
Journal: Blood (2000)
Abstract A33: Loss of tumor suppressors KAI1 and p27 identifies a unique subgroup of primary melanoma patients with poor survival
Authors: Yabin Cheng, Guohong Zhang, Yun Tang, Guangdi Chen, Gholamreza Safaee, Annand Rotte, Magdalena Martinka, Kevin McElwee, Youwen Zhou
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Objective: Melanoma is a highly heterogeneous disease. A certain subgroup of patients with primary melanomas exhibits a greater potential to develop metastatic disease and thus has worse survival. The present study attempts to identify the molecular features shared by metastatic melanomas and the subgroup of primary melanomas, and use the information to assist clinicians to design personalized therapy for primary melanoma patients. Patients and methods: Seven previously reported biomarkers, including BRAF, Dicer, Fbw7, KAI1, MMP2, p27 and Tip60, were investigated. A training cohort with 250 melanoma patients (145 primary melanomas and 105 metastatic melanomas) and an independent cohort with 92 primary melanoma patients were used for the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify discriminate biomarkers of metastatic melanoma from primary melanoma. Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were performed to assess the significance of the molecular signature in the prognosis of melanoma. Results: In the training cohort, we found the loss expression of KAI1 and p27 to be most significant between metastatic and primary melanoma. The primary melanoma patients with loss expression of both KAI1 and p27 had poor 5-year survival in both training cohort (P = 0.002) and independent cohort (P = 0.03). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the KAI1-/p27- signature was an independent factor for disease- specific survival (P = 0.004). More important, compared to KAI1 and p27 as an individual prognostic marker, the KAI1-/p27- signature is more closely associated with melanoma patient survival: the P value is 0.004 for KAI1-/p27-, and 0.044, 0.181 for KAI1 and p27, respectively. Conclusion: Loss of both KAI1 and p27 defines a subgroup of primary melanoma patients with poor prognosis, and the combination signature is better than individual biomarker. The clinical significance of KAI1 and p27 warrants further assessment in prospective clinical trials. Citation Format: Yabin Cheng, Guohong Zhang, Yun Tang, Guangdi Chen, Gholamreza Safaee, Annand Rotte, Magdalena Martinka, Kevin McElwee, Youwen Zhou. Loss of tumor suppressors KAI1 and p27 identifies a unique subgroup of primary melanoma patients with poor survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Melanoma: From Biology to Therapy; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(14 Suppl):Abstract nr A33.
Is there any consequences of body weight and body fat distribution for smoking cessation
Authors: Zeynep Pinar Önen, Elif Sen, Banu Eris Gülbay, Pinar Akin Kabalak, Öznur Akkoca Yildiz, Turan Acican, Sevgi Saryal, Gülseren Karabiyikoglu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Smoking and obesity are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The relation between smoking and obesity is incompletely understood. On the one hand, nicotine acutely increases energy expenditure; on the other hand, studies indicate that heavy smokers have greater body weight than do light smokers and that there is a clustering of smoking and obesity.

Aim: To evaluate the relations among smoking, body weight, body fat during smoking cessation.

Methods: 130 patients from a total number of 590 active smokers (mean age of 44±11) with 1 year time smoking cessation were prospectively evaluated. Each patient answers the same questionnaire including smoking status and medical background. Nicotine dependence and CO levels were evaluated. Body mass index(BMI), free fat BMI (FFBMI), fat mass and fat percentage was calculated with TANITA. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to BMI (normal, overweight and obese). Smoking cessation program was administered individually according to the guidelines.

Results: There was no difference between the groups in; age, baseline Fagerstrom nicotine addiction score, exhaled CO level and treatment protocols. However, total amount of smoked tobacco (27,8±21pack-year) and cigarette consumption per day (21±10) was higher in obese patients (p=0.001 for all). The cessation rates for normal, overweight and obese patients are respectively 50%, 59% and 50%(p>0.05). Relapse was not evident in obese patients(p>0.05).

Conclusion: According to our results, even one year smoking cessation success is high in our cohort the BMI, FFBMI or fat mass do not have any effect neither on smoking cessation rates nor relapses.
Abstract 13598: Mutation of MLX Gene Plays an Important Role in the Pathogenesis of Takayasu Arteritis by Promoting Inflammasome Formation
Authors: Yasuhiro Maejima, Natsuko Tamura, Mitsuaki Isobe
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Our recent genome-wide association study revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of both IL12B genes which encodes IL12p40, a subunit of both IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines, and MLX gene, which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor, were significantly associated with clinical manifestations of Takayasu arteritis (TA), an autoimmune systemic arteritis of unknown etiology. Although mutation of IL12B is expected to play an important role in mediating the development of TA through modulating the level of cytokines, it remains unknown how MLX mutation is associated with the pathogenesis of TA. Hypothesis: SNP of the MLX (rs665268), a missense mutation of MLX that alters the 139th glutamine to arginine (Gln139Arg), upregulates the factor(s) associated with the development of TA. Methods and Results: Pull-down assays demonstrated that mutation of Gln139Arg on MLX recombinant protein enhanced the heterodimer formation of MLX with MondoA, a binding partner of ML...
Original article: Grass pollen symptoms interfere with the recollection of birch pollen symptoms – a prospective study of suspected, asymptomatic skin sensitization
Authors: K. Assing, U. Bodtger, L. K. Poulsen, H. J. Malling
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Asymptomatic skin sensitization (AS) is a risk factor for the development of allergic symptoms. A meticulous definition of this condition requires a systematic assessment of clinical symptoms before inclusion.To examine the concordance between retrospective assessment of seasonal allergic symptoms and prospective seasonal symptom registration among subjects with AS.On the basis of a population survey, autumn 2002, including skin prick tests (positive if > or =3 mm) and a screening questionnaire, 87 subjects with AS to birch and/or grass pollen, birch and/or grass pollen allergic symptomatic subjects (n = 63) and healthy controls (n = 40) were included in January to March 2003, completed diary cards on symptom and medication use during the relevant seasons 2003, and were examined at follow up in autumn 2003. Allergy: positive SPT and symptoms > or = seven diary days.Eleven AS subjects (birch: n = 10) subsequently developed allergic symptoms, yet nine admitted, at follow up, to have had symptoms before inclusion, or even denied pollen-related symptoms despite a significant diary. Compared with AS subjects sensitized to grass pollen, AS subjects sensitized to birch pollen had significantly larger skin prick reactions and more often and severe pollen symptoms.In the context of double-sensitization, retrospective symptom assessment is not a reliable method for ensuring that subjects classified, as asymptomatically skin sensitized, are truly, asymptomatic. This matter should be considered in studies on allergy development.
Two Mechanistic Pathways for Thienopyridine-Associated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Charles L. Bennett, Benjamin Kim, Anaadriana Zakarija, Nicholas Bandarenko, Dilip K. Pandey, Charlie G. Buffie, June M. McKoy, Amul D. Tevar, John F. Cursio, Paul R. Yarnold, Hau C. Kwaan, Davide De Masi, Ravindra Sarode, Thomas J. Raife, Joseph E. Kiss, Dennis W. Raisch, Charles Davidson, J. Evan Sadler, Thomas L. Ortel, X. Long Zheng, Seiji Kato, Masanori Matsumoto, Masahito Uemura, Yoshihiro Fujimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Abstract 303: Cell Slider: Using crowd sourcing for the scoring of molecular pathology
Authors: Paul D. Pharoah
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The advent of tumour microarrays has increased the throughput of pathology sample preparation but has led to a new bottleneck at the analysis stage as many thousands of samples need to be scored by an expert pathologist. We launched Cell Slider (www.clicktocure.net), the world's first Citizen Science project in cancer research, in Autumn 2012. Cell SliderTM aims to speed up the analysis of tumour microarray images through crowd sourcing. Citizen Scientists have now generated over 1.7 million scores of tumour images from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium image database. In order to evaluate the validity of Citizen Scientist scoring we compared the scores of Citizen Scientists with those of an experienced pathologist for 2,575 tissue cores from the SEARCH study that have been stained for expression of the estrogen receptor. Each image of a 0.6mm tissue core stained for ER was divided into 12 sub-images, each of which was scored by five citizen scientists. A weighted average of the 60 (12x5) scores was used to generate a single citizen scientist score for each tissue core. The average number of cancer cells observed by Citizen Scientists was used to indicate whether or not the core contained cancer. The sensitivity and specificity then depends on the threshold used for positivity. Of 2,575 cores on the TMA the pathologist identified 1,792 as having cancer tissue. The kappa statistic for agreement between pathologist and Citizen Scientist was 0.72. Using a threshold to give a sensitivity of 95 per cent, the specificity was 72 per cent. We estimated the accuracy of assignment of tumour ER status using the 1,703 cores where both pathologist and Citizen Scientists identified cancer in the TMA core. A pseudo-Allred score on a continuous scale was calculated from the individual Citizen Scientist scores for the proportion of positively stained cells and the intensity of positively stained cells. The sensitivity and specificity of ER status depends on the threshold pseudo-Allred score used to determine ER positivity. The kappa statistic for agreement between pathologist and Citizen Scientist was 0.84. Using a threshold to give a sensitivity of 95 per cent, the specificity was 90 per cent. We have shown that crowd sourcing can be used to score breast cancer TMAs stained by immunohistochemistry with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Further analysis are underway to determine whether accuracy can be improved using difference weighting schemes and to evaluate the accuracy of scoring of typical cytoplasmic and membrane molecular markers. Citation Format: Paul D. Pharoah. Cell Slider: Using crowd sourcing for the scoring of molecular pathology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 303. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-303