tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Murine Tumor Necrosis-Inducing Factor: Purification and Effects on Myelomonocytic Leukemia Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S Green, A Dobrjansky, M A Chiasson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The tumor necrosis-inducing factor (TNF) found in sera of Corynebacterium parvum-treated, endotoxin-stressed BALB/C and outbred albino CD-1 mice has been purified to a single band of protein by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after identification and removal of contaminating albumin and transferrin. This purified TNF has a molecular weight of 140,000, is glycoprotein in nature, and migrates on free electrophoresis as an alpha 2-globulin. TNF activity was continuously monitored during purification by bioassay in vitro (tumor cell lysis) and was confirmed by demonstration of induction of tumor necrosis in vivo. A single target tumor cell line, murine myelomonocytic leukemia (WEHI/3), was used in both assays. In the in vivo assay, controls were heat-inactivated samples of TNF. As additional controls, a line of TNF-resistant WEHI/3 cells was used in the in vitro assay. Results from in vivo radiolabeling of TNF-sensitive and TNF-resistant cells indicated a difference between their cytoplasmic peptide profiles. Optimal TNF production was not altered in C. parvum-endotoxin-treated mice by treatment with silica, a substance that is specifically toxic for macrophages. Exposure of mice to 650 rad whole-body radiation, which is not markedly damaging to macrophage elements in the reticuloendothelial system, completely abrogated the ability of the mice to produce TNF after C. parvum-endotoxin treatment. These findings suggest that in the sera of C. parvum-endotoxin-treated mice the protein that induces necrosis in tumors may not be of macrophage origin.
A DLL3-targeted antibody-drug conjugate eradicates high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor-initiating cells in vivo
Authors: Laura R. Saunders, Alexander J. Bankovich, Wade C. Anderson, Monette A. Aujay, Sheila Bheddah, KristenAnn Black, Radhika Desai, Paul A. Escarpe, Johannes Hampl, Amy Laysang, David Liu, Javier Lopez-Molina, Milly Milton, Albert Park, Marybeth A. Pysz, Hui Shao, Brian Slingerland, Michael Torgov, Samuel A. Williams, Orit Foord, Philip Howard, Jacek Jassem, Andrzej Badzio, Piotr Czapiewski, David H. Harpole, Afshin Dowlati, Pierre P. Massion, William D. Travis, M. Catherine Pietanza, J. T. Poirier, Charles M. Rudin, Robert A. Stull, Scott J. Dylla
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Targeting DLL3 with an antibody-drug conjugate eliminates tumor-initiating cells in high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine cancers.
Panel issues advice on early detection of oral, breast, and cervical cancers in India
Authors: Cheryl Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Cancer experts in India have collaborated with colleagues in the United States to develop recommendations for the screening and early detection of oral, breast, and cervical cancers—the three most common cancers in India.

The Institute for Cytology and Preventive Oncology in Uttar Pradesh and the US National Cancer Institute Center for Global Health in Maryland convened an expert panel including clinicians, researchers, policy makers, and public health professionals and published their evidence based recommendations in the Lancet Oncology .1

For cervical cancer, the panel said that testing for DNA from human papilloma virus (HPV) was the most sensitive and reproducible primary screening method, even in a …
Exogenous Hormones in the Aetiology of Cancer in Women
Authors: M P Vessey
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

Both animal experimental work and epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory research on the effects of endogenous hormones in the human have made it clear that some influence of administered female sex hormones on the risk of certain cancers would be anticipated, and this has turned out to be the case. This review focuses on the administration of hormones during pregnancy, around the time of the menopause, and to prevent pregnancy. In the daughters who were exposed in utero to stilbestrol during the 1950s and 1960s, the most important effect is the development of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina or cervix. Few cases of this disease have been reported before puberty, but the cumulative risk thereafter up to the age of 24 years is estimated to be between 1.4 and 4/10,000 exposed. Much less attention has been paid to the mothers who actually took the stilbestrol than to their daughters, but the published data fail to provide any convincing evidence of an increased risk of either breast or reporductive cancer among them. Regarding the administration of hormones around the time of menopause, it is well established that unopposed estrogen therapy in menopausal women can cause endometrial cancer. This has been demonstrated in a large number of case control studies reported since 1975. Most of these studies were conducted in the US and most concern the drup Premarin (conjugated equine estrogens). Some cohort studies also have been reported, and they largely support the results of the case control studies. There is now little doubt that combined oral contraceptives (OCs) protect against both epithelial ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer. Preliminary findings in the major cohort studies concerned with the longterm effects of OC use also are encouraging. A series of large case control studies conducted during the 1970s showed clearly that there is no general association between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk, but these large studies included few women with appreciable OC use at an early age and accordingly the publication by Pike et al. in 1981 caused much concern. Pike's study involved 163 women in Los Angeles County in whom breast cancer has been diagnosed at age 32 or less, together with a like number of neighborhood controls. Vessey et al. (1982) and the Centers for Disease control subsequently published results which did not support the California findings. Preliminary results from a new case control study conducted in Oxford and in London since 1980 suggest an increased risk of breast cancer in young women who have prolonged OC use before 1st pregnancy. The situation is very confusing and it may be some time before there is a conclusive answer. In a large cohort study conducted in Los Angeles, rates of progression from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma in situ were much higher in women using Ovulen than in women using IUDs.
Abstract 15679: Phosphorylation Of The Insulin Receptor By AMPK Promotes Ligand-independent Activation Of The Insulin-signaling Pathway And Promotes Survival Of Glucose-stressed Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Ines Chopra, Hui Fang Li, Huilan Wang, Keith A Webster
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Muscle may experience hypoglycemia during ischemia or insulin infusion. During severe hypoglycemia energy production is blocked and increased AMP activates the energy sensor and putat...
Effect of treatment for Hodgkin's disease on pulmonary function: results of a prospective study.
Authors: S J Horning, A Adhikari, N Rizk, R T Hoppe, R A Olshen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE Because each of very different treatments for Hodgkin's disease (HD) may result in a high rate of cure, attention is currently focused on toxicity. This prospective study was designed to assess the effects of mediastinal irradiation and bleomycin chemotherapy on pulmonary function. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were treated from 1980 to 1990 on randomized controlled trials at Stanford University. Pulmonary function was tested before treatment (baseline), early after treatment (&lt; 15 months), and more than 36 months posttherapy. Treatment options in the 145 patients were grouped as I (mediastinal radiotherapy), II (mediastinal radiotherapy plus bleomycin), and III (bleomycin) for analyses of variance (ANOVAs). A variety of regression models were used to predict early and late effects on pulmonary function. RESULTS A decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity (DLCO) in the first 15 months after treatment followed by recovery after 36 months was observed for most patients. Patients who received mediastinal radiotherapy (RT) had a more pronounced reduction in pulmonary function and less complete recovery. Overall, 3 or more years after treatment, 32% of group I patients, 37% of group II patients, and 19% of group III patients had FVC values less than 80% of predicted, while only 7% of patients had a DLCO less than 80% of predicted. Linear regression identified baseline measurement as the only significant predictor of change in percent predicted FVC or DLCO; patients with higher baseline values had greater decrements after therapy. Mantle RT was the only significant treatment variable, predictive of FVC and DLCO within 15 months and FVC at 36 or more months. No patient experienced pulmonary toxicity severe enough to require hospitalization. CONCLUSION This prospective analysis of pulmonary function after treatment for HD showed that mediastinal RT was the only treatment variable that achieved statistical significance. Although there were no significant interactions between mediastinal RT and bleomycin or Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) chemotherapy, the patient numbers were small after correction for mediastinal mass size and drug regimen such that an effect could have been missed. The mild reduction in pulmonary function should be factored into the overall assessment of morbidity risk for each of the potentially curative treatments included in this study. As with all reports of late effects, these data should be interpreted with respect to the population tested, details of the treatment administered, methods of measurement, and length of follow-up.
Is low body fat responsible for increased susceptibility to nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease
Authors: Seok Jeong Lee, Seo Woo Kim, Yon Ju Ryu, Jin Hwa Lee, Jung Hyun Chang, Sung Shine Shim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTMLD) in immunocompetent patients without previous lung disease is increasing.   Purpose:  To determine the hypotheses that leaner individuals with low body fat is a predisposing factor of NTMLD.   Methods:  Following a retrospective review of clinical data and radiographic findings of the chest between January 2005 and December 2012, 148 patients with NTMLD were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the extent of lung involvement on chest computed tomography (CT) based on the lobar distribution and subcutaneous fat mass (SFM) using cross-sectional CT scans at mid pole level of left kidney. An age- and sex-matched control group consisted of 142 with negative chest CT finding. We compared the SFM between the control and NTMLD, and evaluated relationship between SFM and disease severity according to the extent of NTMLD.   Results:  The median age of patients was 62 years (23-95), and 60.8% of patients were female. 70.9% were classified into nodular bronchiectatic group. The NTMLD group had significantly lower SFM than the control group (39.3 vs 53.0, p=0.001). In NTMLD, patients with fibrocavitary type showed lower SFM than patient with nodular bronchiectatic type (23.6 vs 41.9; p=0.014). There was no significant difference in SFM between localized (≤3 lobes) disease and extensive (>3 lobes) disease (43.5 vs 35.9, p=0.06). In nodular bronchiectatic type, the difference in SFM according to disease severity was not shown (localized vs. extensive, 19.3 vs 26.7; p=0.788).   Conclusion:  Patients with NTMLD had low body fat, that was measured by SFM in chest CT. Low body fat appears to be responsible for host susceptibility to NTMLD.
Distress Screening and the Integration of Psychosocial Care Into Routine Oncologic Care
Authors: Jimmie C. Holland
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Many patients being treated for cancer have significant distress and often do not receive the attention they require. The psychosocial concerns of these patients are now better recognized and treated through psycho-oncology, which has become a multidisciplinary subspecialty of oncology concerned with the emotional responses of patients at all stages of disease, their families, and staff. In her presentation at the NCCN 18th Annual Conference, Dr. Jimmie C. Holland briefly reviewed the early role played by the NCCN as well as other national and international organizations in improving the psychosocial care of patients with cancer.
Recurrent respiratory symptoms in preschool children: What is the outcome at school age?
Authors: S. Schokker, T.W. de Vries, J.H.W. Mulder, A.A.P.H. Vaessen-Verberne, E.J. Duiverman, T. van der Molen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background  Diagnosis in preschool children with symptoms like wheeze, cough and shortness of breath is still a challenge. Therefore, we developed a questionnaire for distinguishing children with persistent symptoms from children with transient symptoms at preschool age.  Aim  To determine the outcome at school age in children with respiratory symptoms at preschool age and to determine the predictive value of this questionnaire.  Methods  Children with symptoms suggestive of asthma at young age are reinvestigated at school age. The cohort of children consists of 200 participants (mean age 3.0 yrs, 66% boys) enrolled in two clinical trials. Parents of these children filled out the diagnostic questionnaire at preschool age. At school age data on asthma symptoms and medication use are collected using a questionnaire based on the ISAAC.  Results  Data were collected in 127 children (age 11.5 ±1.3 yrs., 68% boys). Parents reported asthma symptoms in the past 12 months in 57 children. Asthma maintenance medication was used in the past 12 months in 38 children. The diagnostic questionnaire total score (0-100) was significantly different between children with (n=63) or without symptoms and/or asthma medication use at follow-up (54 versus 42, p=0.005). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the questionnaire were 40%, 82%, 69 % and 56%, respectively.  Conclusions  These preliminary results show asthma symptoms and/or medication use at school age in half of the children with respiratory symptoms at preschool age. Further analyses of the final database are needed to draw definite conclusions with regard to the diagnostic accuracy of this newly developed diagnostic tool.
Endothelial ALK1 Is a Therapeutic Target to Block Metastatic Dissemination of Breast Cancer
Authors: Sara I. Cunha, Matteo Bocci, John Lövrot, Nikolas Eleftheriou, Pernilla Roswall, Eugenia Cordero, Linda Lindström, Michael Bartoschek, B. Kristian Haller, R. Scott Pearsall, Aaron W. Mulivor, Ravindra Kumar, Christer Larsson, Jonas Bergh, Kristian Pietras
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Exploration of new strategies for the prevention of breast cancer metastasis is justifiably at the center of clinical attention. In this study, we combined a computational biology approach with mechanism-based preclinical trials to identify inhibitors of activin-like receptor kinase (ALK) 1 as effective agents for blocking angiogenesis and metastasis in breast cancer. Pharmacologic targeting of ALK1 provided long-term therapeutic benefit in mouse models of mammary carcinoma, accompanied by strikingly reduced metastatic colonization as a monotherapy or part of combinations with chemotherapy. Gene-expression analysis of breast cancer specimens from a population-based nested case-control study encompassing 768 subjects defined endothelial expression of ALK1 as an independent and highly specific prognostic factor for metastatic manifestation, a finding that was corroborated in an independent clinical cohort. Overall, our results suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of endothelial ALK1 constitutes a tractable strategy for interfering with metastatic dissemination of breast cancer.
Inhibition of Macrophage Ia Antigen Expression by Shed Plasma Membrane Vesicles From Metastatic Murine Melanoma Lines&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D D Taylor, P H Black
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Shed plasma membrane-derived vesicles from metastatic variants of the murine B16 melanoma were examined for their ability to inhibit the induction of murine immune region-associated (Ia) antigen expression on macrophages, the initial step in the formation of an immune response. Membrane material that appears as a greater than 50 million-dalton fraction on column chromatography is found only in conditioned media from tumor cells and not in culture media from normal cells, such as murine 3T3 cells. Membrane vesicles from both metastatic variants B16-F1 (low lung colonizing) and B16-F10 (high lung colonizing) were taken up by macrophages; however, only membrane vesicles isolated from the B16-F10 cultures exhibited significant inhibitory activity for Ia induction. This inhibition appears to result from enhanced prostaglandin synthesis, since treatment with aspirin can reverse the membrane vesicle-induced inhibition. The inhibitory component(s) released into the media was demonstrated to be predominantly associated with membrane vesicles; however, the component(s) retained its activity after Triton X-100 treatment, indicating that the intact membrane vesicle was not necessary for the action of the inhibitory material. Treatments with heat (65 degrees C) and proteases (papain) indicated that the inhibitory component(s) is a heat-labile protein.
Antibodies in Normal Rabbit Serum That React With Tissue-Specific Antigens on the Plasma Membranes of Human Adenocarcinoma Cells2
Authors: J.C. Hager, W.A.F. Tompkins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Indirect viable cell immunofluorescence studies revealed, on the plasma membrane of cultured adenocarcinoma cells from the human colon and rectum, a tissue-specifiC antigen that reacted with a component of normal rabbit serum. The use of G200 column chromatography and monospecific antisera prepared against class-specific heavy chains of rabbit immunoglobulin identified the reactive components in rabbit serum as IgM. Examination of normal and malignant cells from various human tissues by immunofluorescence and adsorption studies showed that rabbit serum reacted only with cells derived from the intestinal epithelium.
The effectiveness of behavioral intervention for reduction of nausea and vomiting in children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy.
Authors: L Zeltzer, S LeBaron, P M Zeltzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Fifty-one children 6-17 years of age rated the severity of nausea, vomiting, and the extent to which chemotherapy bothered them during each course of chemotherapy. Sixteen patients had no symptoms and the doses administered to 16 others were not constant so that matched courses could not be assessed. After baseline measurement of two matched courses, the remaining 19 patients were randomized to receive hypnosis or supportive counseling during two more matched courses. An additional course with no intervention was assessed in half of the patients. No significant reduction of symptoms was demonstrated prior to intervention. However, intervention with both hypnosis and supportive counseling was associated with significant reductions in nausea, vomiting, and the extent to which these symptoms bothered patients (all p less than 0.001). Also, after termination of intervention, symptom ratings remained significantly lower than baseline. The data indicate that chemotherapy-related nausea and emesis in children can be reduced with behavioral intervention and that reductions are maintained after intervention has been discontinued.
Erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia of malignancy associated with neoplastic bone marrow infiltration.
Authors: W Oster, F Herrmann, H Gamm, G Zeile, A Lindemann, G Müller, T Brune, H P Kraemer, R Mertelsmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

This clinical trial was performed to study the effects of intravenously (IV) administered recombinant human (rh) erythropoietin (EPO) at escalating doses (150, 300, and 450 U/kg, administered as an IV bolus injection, twice weekly, for 6, 4, and 4 weeks, respectively) in five patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Ig NHL) and bone marrow involvement and one patient with multiple myeloma (MM). All patients were anemic due to underlying disease. None of the patients had a history of bleeding, hemolysis, renal insufficiency, or other disorders causing anemia in addition to bone marrow infiltrating malignancy. Endogenous EPO serum levels were significantly increased in all patients (74 to 202 mU/mL). Five patients (one MM, four small-cell lymphocytic [SCLC] NHL) showed a dramatic increase of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hk) and RBC count becoming obvious on the second EPO dose level. Initial ferritin serum values, which were high mostly due to polytransfusion, were significantly reduced in responding patients. Erythropoiesis of one patient with extensive follicular mixed (fm) NHL did not respond to EPO treatment. Platelet (PLT) count increase (greater than 75% above starting levels) during and following EPO therapy was observed in one patient with MM. Adverse events due to EPO therapy have not been recorded. These findings point out a previously unrecognized capacity of EPO given at pharmacologic doses to stimulate erythropoiesis in patients with anemia due to bone marrow infiltration by neoplastic lymphocytes in spite of enhanced endogenous EPO expression.
Effectiveness of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among Trauma-Affected Children in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Laura K. Murray, Stephanie Skavenski, Jeremy C. Kane, John Mayeya, Shannon Dorsey, Judy A. Cohen, Lynn T. M. Michalopoulos, Mwiya Imasiku, Paul A. Bolton
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) are at high risk for experiencing trauma and related psychosocial problems. Despite this, no randomized clinical trials have studied evidence-based treatments for OVC in low-resource settings.