tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multimarker Approach to Evaluate Correlates of Vascular Stiffness
Authors: Wolfgang Lieb, Martin G. Larson, Emelia J. Benjamin, Xiaoyan Yin, Geoffrey H. Tofler, Jacob Selhub, Paul F. Jacques, Thomas J. Wang, Joseph A. Vita, Daniel Levy, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Gary F. Mitchell
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Arterial stiffness increases with age and contributes to the pathogenesis of systolic hypertension and cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Knowledge about the pathophysiological processes that determine arterial stiffness may help guide therapeutic approaches.We related 7 circulating biomarkers representing distinct biological pathways (C-reactive protein, aldosterone-to-renin ratio, N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen, and homocysteine) to 5 vascular function measures (central pulse pressure, carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity, mean arterial pressure, forward pressure wave amplitude [all measures of conduit artery stiffness], and augmented pressure, an indicator of wave reflection) in 2000 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age, 61 years; 55% women). Tonometry measures were obtained on average 3 years after the biomarkers were measured. In multivariable linear regression models adjusting for covariates, the biomarker panel was significantly associated with all 5 vascular measures (P<0.003 for all). On backward elimination, the aldosterone-to-renin ratio was positively associated with each stiffness measure (P< or =0.002 for all). In addition, C-reactive protein was positively related to augmented pressure (P=0.0003), whereas plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was positively associated with mean arterial pressure (P=0.003), central pulse pressure (P=0.001), and forward pressure wave (P=0.01).Our cross-sectional data on a community-based sample suggest a distinctive pattern of positive associations of biomarkers of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation with pan-arterial vascular stiffness, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 with central vascular stiffness indices, and C-reactive protein with wave reflection. These observations support the notion of differential influences of biological pathways on vascular stiffness measures.
Conditioned skeletal muscle: new assist for failing heart?
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Each year, an estimated 10,000 patients experience irreversible congestive heart failure secondary to myocardial fibrosis. All of the available therapies— digitalis and afterload reduction agents, transplants, and mechanical assist devices—have shortcomings. Now, investigators in the United States and Europe have developed modified skeletal muscles that they believe may eventually provide a fourth therapeutic alternative. The approach involves electrically conditioning skeletal muscle to develop fatigue resistance, and then using it as autogenous grafts or ventricular assist pumps that augment aortic diastolic pressure. Proponents contend that this will circumvent rejection problems and reduce the risk and cost of heart surgery. Skeletal muscle grafts have already been tried clinically in this country and in France. The American surgeon, George J. Magovern, MD, chief of surgery at Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, says that his patient could have lived without the muscle graft, but that it has improved her quality of life. He cautions that
Electronic Health Record–Based Interventions for Improving Appropriate Diagnostic Imaging
Authors: Caroline Lubick Goldzweig, Greg Orshansky, Neil M. Paige, Isomi M. Miake-Lye, Jessica M. Beroes, Brett A. Ewing, Paul G. Shekelle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

One driver of increasing health care costs is the use of radiologic imaging procedures. More appropriate use could improve quality and reduce costs.To review interventions that use the computerized clinical decision-support (CCDS) capabilities of electronic health records to improve appropriate use of diagnostic radiologic test ordering.English-language articles in PubMed from 1995 to September 2014 and searches in Web of Science and PubMed of citations related to key articles.23 studies, including 3 randomized trials, 7 time-series studies, and 13 pre-post studies that assessed the effect of CCDS on diagnostic radiologic test ordering in adults.2 independent reviewers extracted data on functionality, study outcomes, and context and assessed the quality of included studies.Thirteen studies provided moderate-level evidence that CCDS improves appropriateness (effect size, -0.49 [95% CI, -0.71 to -0.26]) and reduces use (effect size, -0.13 [CI, -0.23 to -0.04]). Interventions with a "hard stop" that prevents a clinician from overriding the CCDS without outside consultation, as well as interventions in integrated care delivery systems, may be more effective. Harms have rarely been assessed but include decreased ordering of appropriate tests and physician dissatisfaction.Potential for publication bias, insufficient reporting of harms, and poor description of context and implementation.Computerized clinical decision support integrated with the electronic health record can improve appropriate use of diagnostic radiology by a moderate amount and decrease use by a small amount. Before widespread adoption can be recommended, more data are needed on potential harms.U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42014007469).
Glucose Transporter Expression of an Esophageal Gastrointestinal Tumor Detected by F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hayato Kaida, Masatoshi Ishibashi, Miya Yuzuriha, Seiji Kurata, Syunji Arikawa, Akihiko Kawahara, Jun Uozumi, Masafumi Uchida, Maiko Kobayashi, Yasumitsu Hirose, Hiromasa Fujita, Masayoshi Kage, Naofumi Hayabuchi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 74-year-old woman had dysphagia and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. A giant submucosal tumor was seen from the middle to the lower esophagus. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG-PET/CT) was performed and F-18 FDG was found to accumulate in the submucosal tumor. The maximum standardized uptake value of the early phase was 4.93 and that of the delayed phase was 6.48. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) was confirmed by both fine needle aspiration under endoscopic ultrasound and postoperative histopathologic findings. We stained the postoperative histopathologic specimen to investigate glucose transporter (GLUT) expression using immunohistochemistry, which revealed that GLUT-1 had a weak expression on membranes and GLUT-4 had a strong expression on membranes or in cytoplasm. GLUT-3 had no expression on membranes or in cytoplasm. Esophageal GIST is rare and the relationship between GLUT expression and F-18 FDG accumulation in GIST is probably rare.
Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Thyroid Diseases in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: ELAINE MAY KAPTEIN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1996)

Patients with ESRD have multiple alterations of thyroid hormone metabolism in the absence of concurrent thyroid disease. These may include elevated basal TSH values, which may transiently increase to greater than 10 mU/liter, blunted TSH response to TRH, diminished or absent TSH diurnal rhythm, altered TSH glycosylation, and impaired TSH and TRH clearance rates. In addition, serum total and free T3 and T4 values may be reduced, free rT3 levels are elevated while total values are normal, serum binding protein concentrations may be altered, and disease-specific inhibitors reduce serum T4 binding. Changes in T4 and T3 transfer, distribution, and metabolism resemble those of other nonthyroidal illnesses, while changes in rT3 metabolism are disease specific. Dialysis therapy minimally affects thyroid hormone metabolism, while zinc and erythropoietin administration may partially reverse thyroid hormone abnormalities. Thyroid hormone metabolism normalizes with renal transplantation; however, glucocorticoid therapy may induce additional changes. ESRD patients may have an increased frequency of goiter, thyroid nodules, thyroid carcinoma, and hypothyroidism. Goiter and hypothyroidism may be induced by iodide excess, due to reduced renal iodide excretion, and may be reversed with iodide restriction in some patients. The increased frequency of thyroid nodules and malignancies in ESRD may relate to secondary hyperparathyroidism. After renal transplantation, the higher frequency of thyroid malignancies may relate to the immunosuppressed state. Clinical symptoms and signs and biochemical features of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may be altered by concurrent ESRD. ESRD patients with hyperthyroidism or follicular neoplasms require reduced dosages of Na 131-I depending upon type, frequency, and duration of dialysis therapy.
Abstract 4740: Doxorubicin eliminates tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells and enhances T-helper lymphocyte-based immunotherapy in a murine breast cancer model.
Authors: Darya Alizadeh, Malika Trad, Emmanuel Katsanis, Nicolas Larmonier
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent a heterogeneous population of cells equipped with the ability to inhibit T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses. A significant increase in the number of MDSC has been reported in the blood, secondary lymphoid organs and tumor beds in tumor-bearing animals and in patients with many types of cancers. MDSC frequency correlates with the disease stage and prognosis. These cells impair CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated anti-tumor immunity by different overlapping mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species or immunosuppressive cytokine production. Importantly, MDSC elimination or inactivation substantially enhances the efficiency of immunotherapy. Multiple studies have lent support to the concept that some anti-neoplastic molecules, besides their conventional direct cytotoxic influence on cancer cells, may also exhibit immunostimulatory effects, thereby promoting anti-tumor immunity. We present results demonstrating that doxorubicin, utilized in multiple chemotherapeutic regimens and known to trigger an immunogenic type of cancer cell death, dramatically reduces the number of tumor-induced MDSC in the murine mammary tumor model 4T1. Elimination of these suppressive cells occurs by an apoptotic process. In addition, residual MDSC isolated from doxorubicin-treated animals are significantly impaired in their immunosuppressive function. Of particular interest, the number of apoptotic CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocytes is not augmented in mice administered with doxorubicin compared to untreated animals. We further demonstrate that doxorubicin-mediated elimination of MDSC is associated with enhanced T and NK cell activation, proliferation and expression of Perforin and Granzyme B. Lastly, we evaluated a chemoimmunotherapeutic strategy associating doxorubicin with T helper-1 or T helper-17 lymphocytes generated and activated in vitro. Our results indicate that this combination regimen hinders tumor development as evidenced by reduced number of 4T1 metastatic nodules in the lungs of treated animals. This therapeutic effect is associated with an increased cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the spleen of the treated mice. These observations thus highlight a new application of doxorubicin as a MDSC depleting agent and further advocate for the implementation of this drug in cancer immunotherapy approaches. Citation Format: Darya Alizadeh, Malika Trad, Emmanuel Katsanis, Nicolas Larmonier. Doxorubicin eliminates tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells and enhances T-helper lymphocyte-based immunotherapy in a murine breast cancer model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4740. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4740
Desperate house calls
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Optimism is the parent of despair, while pessimism allows the mind to accustom itself to the inevitable disappointments of human existence by degrees, just as some drugs induce a state of tolerance. Pessimists, moreover, have the better sense of humour, for they have a livelier apprehension of pretension and absurdity.

In a meritocracy, furthermore, those who fail must either indulge in elaborate mental contortions to disguise reality from themselves or sink into a deep melancholy. Perhaps this explains why so much of the best US literature is sad: misery is the fruit of hope.

Tennessee Williams is par excellence the poet playwright of despair. One of his last plays, …
Only 7% of spending on health research goes on needs of poor countries
Authors: Tessa Richards
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Only 7% of spending on health research goes on needs of poor countries Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Comparison of Prognostic Factors and Survival Among Black Patients and White Patients Treated With Irradiation for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: M. V. Graham, L. M. Geitz, R. Byhardt, S. Asbell, M. Roach, R. C. Urtasun, W. J. Curran, P. Lattin, A. H. Russell, J. D. Cox
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Many studies have reported differences in cancer incidence and survival between populations of Blacks and Whites. A 45% higher death rate from lung cancer for Black men and a survival duration for Black patients with lung cancer that is generally shorter than that for White patients have also been reported.The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether race affects known prognostic factors for non-small-cell lung cancer in Black versus White patients. This analysis attempts to determine which prognostic factors may contribute to the reported differences in disease outcome.We used data from 1565 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated in four randomized prospective trials conducted by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). The data were pooled for a retrospective analysis of survival and prognostic factors by race.Univariate analysis showed significant differences between Blacks and Whites with regard to sex, weight loss, histology, and RTOG T stage (P < .05), but the only clinically significant difference (P < or = .01) was weight loss. Despite these findings, overall survival for Blacks and Whites did not differ significantly (P = .67). Median survival for Blacks and Whites with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) of 90 or more was 12.1 and 11.3 months, respectively (P = .45). Survival for Blacks and Whites with a KPS of less than 90 was 7.8 and 6.8 months, respectively. Cause of death did not differ between the two races. For both races, KPS, age, sex, weight loss, and RTOG T and N stages were significant prognostic factors for survival (P < .01), but race was not a significant prognostic factor.Further studies of the differential in cancer survival for Blacks and Whites may be indicated, but greater impact may be achieved by addressing socioeconomic factors, lifestyle and occupational risk factors, health education, and access to adequate health care.
Management of Asthma in Childhood
Authors: Alex Silverglade
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a study of the use of drugs preceding death from asthma, Speizer et al<sup>1</sup>stated that further evidence is required before the effect of the bronchodilator aerosols could be assessed adequately. In their study of 113 patients at postmortem examination, classical gross pathological findings in asthma were observed in 110 (97%). Thick, tenacious mucus plugs were present in the smaller bronchi in 106 (93%). In a later study of the circumstances preceding death from asthma in young people, Fraser et al<sup>2</sup>found pathological evidence of asthma in 44 of 52 patients; evidence for excessive use of aerosols was definite in nine patients and probable in two others. From facts such as these, it is evident that many of these patients died of their disease and not from the use of isoproterenol aerosols. Death in most instances was due to asphyxia resulting from bronchial obstruction,
Clinical Chemistry: Principles and Technics
Authors: Rex B. Conn
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. Henry, as director of a large laboratory specializing in clinical chemistry, is in a unique position for acquiring a personal familiarity with a wide variety of chemical methods. Surveying the literature of clinical chemistry, evaluating hundreds of published methods, and selecting that small fraction of material which can be included in a book certainly constitute an impressive task. Not since publication of Peters and Van Slyke's classic<i>Quantitative Clinical Chemistry</i>has anyone been courageous enough to undertake this project, and Dr. Henry has succeeded remarkably well. The first chapters of the book cover basic principles of analytical methods such as colorimetry, spectrophotometry, and flame photometry. The remaining chapters deal with analytical methods for specific substances, and for each substance one or two methods are given in sufficient detail to permit use of the book as a laboratory manual. No attempt is made to include methods such as gas chromatography
CONCERNING THE PRESENT CONDITION OF STATE MEDICINE IN THE UNITED STATES.
Authors: FRANKLIN STAPLES
Journal: JAMA (1897)

State medicine as now understood belongs entirely to modern times. It began in England just before the middle of the present century, when Edwin Chadwick, a barrister, made what has been called his "Epoch-making report" to parliament on the health of towns. By his investigations and report he secured the attention of the government and the interest of the people; laws were passed, and English sanitary work and control were inaugurated. More than fifty years have passed, and England's system of sanitary control, both inland and marine, is a strong feature of her government. The statistics in the Register General's office show that the annual death rate for England and Wales for the ten years 1871-1880, averaged 21.27 per 1,000; while for the period 1881-1890 it was 19.8, a decrease of more than 11 per cent. The former death rate in England was given at 32 per 1,000. The present
Urinary Lactic Dehydrogenase Activity
Authors: Warren E. C. Wacker, Lionel E. Dorfman, Elias Amador
Journal: JAMA (1964)

RECENTLYA METHOD for the accurate measurement of the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of human urine has been developed.<sup>1</sup>By use of this method it has been shown that the urinary LDH activity is elevated in patients with carcinoma of the kidney and bladder and that it can be employed for the detection and diagnosis of these tumors.<sup>2,3</sup> Measurement of urinary LDH activity in patients with other types of renal disease has not previously been performed. In the present study the urinary LDH activity has been measured in a large series of patients with renal disease, and in patients with benign essential hypertension, with the object of evaluating its diagnostic potential in these diseases. The results show that urinary LDH activity is elevated in most patients with significant renal disease, and that elevations of activity correlate well with the histological and clinical activity of the disease. Moreover, the
Long-term potentiation decay and memory loss are mediated by AMPAR endocytosis
Authors: Zhifang Dong, Huili Han, Hongjie Li, Yanrui Bai, Wei Wang, Man Tu, Yan Peng, Limin Zhou, Wenting He, Xiaobin Wu, Tao Tan, Mingjing Liu, Xiaoyan Wu, Weihui Zhou, Wuyang Jin, Shu Zhang, Todd Charlton Sacktor, Tingyu Li, Weihong Song, Yu Tian Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength between hippocampal neurons is associated with learning and memory, and LTP dysfunction is thought to underlie memory loss. LTP can be temporally and mechanistically classified into decaying (early-phase) LTP and nondecaying (late-phase) LTP. While the nondecaying nature of LTP is thought to depend on protein synthesis and contribute to memory maintenance, little is known about the mechanisms and roles of decaying LTP. Here, we demonstrated that inhibiting endocytosis of postsynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) prevents LTP decay, thereby converting it into nondecaying LTP. Conversely, restoration of AMPAR endocytosis by inhibiting protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) converted nondecaying LTP into decaying LTP. Similarly, inhibition of AMPAR endocytosis prolonged memory retention in normal animals and reduced memory loss in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease. These results strongly suggest that an active process that involves AMPAR endocytosis mediates the decay of LTP and that inhibition of this process can prolong the longevity of LTP as well as memory under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Genetic Disparity Between Morphologically Benign Cysts Contiguous to Ovarian Carcinomas and Solitary Cystadenomas
Authors: J. Zheng, W. F. Benedict, H.-J. Xu, S.-X. Hu, T. M. Kim, M. Velicescu, M. Wan, K. F. Cofer, L. Dubeau
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Genetic Disparity Between Morphologically Benign Cysts Contiguous to Ovarian Carcinomas and Solitary Cystadenomas Get access Jianping Zheng, Jianping Zheng Department of Pathology, Kenneth Norris Jr. Comprehensive Cancer Center. University of Southern California School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA Correspondence to : Louis Dubeau, M.D., Ph.D., USC/Kenneth Norris Jr. Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave., Los Angeles. CA 90033. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William F. Benedict, William F. Benedict Comprehensive Cancer Center. University of Southern California School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hong-Ji Xu, Hong-Ji Xu Center for Biotechnology, Baylor College of MedicineThe Woodlands, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shi-Xue Hu, Shi-Xue Hu Center for Biotechnology, Baylor College of MedicineThe Woodlands, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Timothy M. Kim, Timothy M. Kim Department of Pathology, Kenneth Norris Jr. Comprehensive Cancer Center. University of Southern California School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mihaela Velicescu, Mihaela Velicescu Department of Pathology, Kenneth Norris Jr. Comprehensive Cancer Center. University of Southern California School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Minghong Wan, Minghong Wan Department of Pathology, Kenneth Norris Jr. Comprehensive Cancer Center. University of Southern California School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kenneth F. Cofer, Kenneth F. Cofer Department of Pathology, Kenneth Norris Jr. Comprehensive Cancer Center. University of Southern California School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Louis Dubeau Louis Dubeau Department of Pathology, Kenneth Norris Jr. Comprehensive Cancer Center. University of Southern California School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 15, 2 August 1995, Pages 1146–1153, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.15.1146 Published: 02 August 1995 Article history Received: 29 November 1994 Revision received: 28 April 1995 Accepted: 24 May 1995 Published: 02 August 1995