tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile of MDR-TB patients and their early response to DOTS PLUS: An Indian perspective
Authors: Abhay Javia, Deval Mehta, Firoz Ganchi, Bhupandra Rathod, Kalpesh Chopada, Milan Bhanderi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:The emergence MDR-TB is an obstacle to effective TB control in India  Aim:to analyze the MDR TB patients(Pt) & to evaluate their response to DOTS PLUS  Methods: A prospective cohort study of 58 MDR-TB Pts. Pt9s detailed demographic data recorded & put on DOTS PLUS.Clinical evaluation,sputum smear,culture & DST at the end of 3,4,5,6 and 9 month were done to monitor progress during treatment. Treatment outcomes were noted at the end of initiation phase (IP)  Results:MDR-TB were common in males (M:F=3:2),in age group 18-35 yrs(64%),in lower socioeconomic class(88%),in Pts with BMI   Conclusion:Early diagnosis & treatment of MDR-TB is essential. Resistance to both H & R,bilateral & cavitory lesion in CXR,high grade initial smear & culture positivity,low BMI and DM is associated with poor outcome. We will continue our study till completion of treatment.
Synthesis of Carbohydrate Capped Silicon Nanoparticles and their Reduced Cytotoxicity, In Vivo Toxicity, and Cellular Uptake
Authors: Jayshree H. Ahire, Mehrnaz Behray, Carl A. Webster, Qi Wang, Victoria Sherwood, Nattika Saengkrit, Uracha Ruktanonchai, Noppawan Woramongkolchai, Yimin Chao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

The development of smart targeted nanoparticles (NPs) that can identify and deliver drugs at a sustained rate directly to cancer cells may provide better efficacy and lower toxicity for treating primary and advanced metastatic tumors. Obtaining knowledge of the diseases at the molecular level can facilitate the identification of biological targets. In particular, carbohydrate‐mediated molecular recognitions using nano‐vehicles are likely to increasingly affect cancer treatment methods, opening a new area in biomedical applications. Here, silicon NPs (SiNPs) capped with carbohydrates including galactose, glucose, mannose, and lactose are successfully synthesized from amine terminated SiNPs. The MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] analysis shows an extensive reduction in toxicity of SiNPs by functionalizing with carbohydrate moiety both in vitro and in vivo. Cellular uptake is investigated with flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscope. The results show the carbohydrate capped SiNPs can be internalized in the cells within 24 h of incubation, and can be taken up more readily by cancer cells than noncancerous cells. Moreover, these results reinforce the use of carbohydrates for the internalization of a variety of similar compounds into cancer cells.
Thrombophilias in 60 Bulgarian patients with "idiopathic" venous thromboembolism
Authors: Natalia Stoeva, Milena Staneva
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

In the last two decades, many inherited and acquired thrombophilias predisposing venous thromboembolism (VTE) became known. The aim of this real life study is to analyze the frequencies of some thrombophilias in patients with acute VTE, in whom no underlying diseases or triggering-VTE factors are present (“idiopathic”).  60 ethnic Bulgarians (34 men and 26 women, mean age 34.47) with VTE (39 with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) only, 12 with pulmonary embolism (PE) only and 9 with both) were examined for: Leiden mutation (FVL), prothrombin factor II mutation (G20210A), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mutation (PAI-1), C677T and A1298C of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutations; deficiency of protein C (pr.C), deficiency of protein S (pr.S), deficiency of antithrombin III (AT III) and antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome (APLS).  In 48 (80%) of patients (79.48% in DVT, 80.95% in PE patients) were found in total 79 abnormalities. FVL heterogeneous mutation was found in 15 (25% of all patients) and homogeneous in 2 (3.3%) patients. FVL represents 21.51% of all found abnormalities. PAI-1 was found in 17 patients and represents 21.51% of all abnormalities. 11 (18.3%) were homogeneous and 6 (10%) were heterogeneous in combination with other abnormalities. 6 (10%) had G20210A mutation and 14 (23%)- deficiency of AT III. We also found deficiency of Pr.S in 6, Pr.C in 3; mutations C677T in 4, A1298 in 7 patients. APLS was found in 5 patients.  We conclude that most of the patients with “idiopathic” VTE have one or more thrombophilias. In addition to the known role of FVL as a thrombophilic factor, the PAI-1 mutation has a prominent frequency in our group.
Carcinoma of the Tongue: Pathological Considerations in Management of the Neck
Authors: Julia A Woolgar
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1996)

In a series of 76 patients with carcinoma of the tongue the occurrence of metastasis was related to the size and histological features of the primary tumour. 64% of patients with metastasis and 10% of patients with clinically negative neck showed spread beyond the node capsule. Fast tracks (long lymphatic pathways uninterrupted by nodes) seemed to be involved in the spread of metastatic cancer in at least 20% of patients with metastasis. With surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy based on the pathological stage, metastases confined to lymph nodes did not appear to affect short-term outcome.
Surface Charge Characteristics of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia and Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: Y. Marikovsky, P. Resnitzky, N. Reichman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Surface Charge Characteristics of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia and Malignant Lymphoma Get access Y. Marikovsky, Y. Marikovsky 2Section of Biological Ultrastructure, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Resnitzky, P. Resnitzky 3Department of Internal Medicine “B,” Central Emek Hospital, Afula, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. Reichman N. Reichman 3Department of Internal Medicine “B,” Central Emek Hospital, Afula, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 4, April 1978, Pages 741–748, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.4.741 Published: 01 April 1978 Article history Received: 08 June 1977 Accepted: 12 October 1977 Published: 01 April 1978
Genetic approach identifies distinct asthma pathways in overweight <i>vs</i> normal weight children
Authors: M. Butsch Kovacic, L. J. Martin, J. M. Biagini Myers, H. He, M. Lindsey, T. B. Mersha, G. K. Khurana Hershey
Journal: Allergy (2015)

The pathogenesis of asthma in the context of excess body weight may be distinct from asthma that develops in normal weight children. The study's objective was to explore the biology of asthma in the context of obesity and normal weight status using genetic methodologies. Associations between asthma and SNPs in 49 genes were assessed, as well as, interactions between SNPs and overweight status in child participants of the Greater Cincinnati Pediatric Clinic Repository. Asthma was significantly associated with weight (OR = 1.38; P = 0.037). The number of genes and the magnitude of their associations with asthma were notably greater when considering overweight children alone vs normal weight and overweight children together. When considering weight, distinct sets of asthma-associated genes were observed, many times with opposing effects. We demonstrated that the underlying heterogeneity of asthma is likely due in part to distinct pathogenetic pathways that depend on preceding/comorbid overweight and/or allergy. It is therefore important to consider both obesity and asthma when conducting studies of asthma.
Respirable quartz dust exposure and airway obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Irene Brüske, Elisabeth Thiering, Joachim Heinrich, Katharina M. Huster, Dennis Nowak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective:  Studies on exposure to respirable quartz dust at the workplace and the development of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) were selected into a systematic review, and meta-analyzed to obtain an overall estimate of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC reduction.   Data sources:  PubMed and Embase were searched from 1970-2010. In total, 257 cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were identified that reported on inorganic dust exposure and had available lung function data. Of the 55 publications which met our inclusion criteria, 11 reported on associations with occupational exposure to respirable quartz dust.   Methods:  The combined average effect estimate of respirable quartz dust on spirometric parameters was obtained using a random effects model meta-analysis. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed via the I² statistic.   Results:  Most studies found a significant negative association of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC related to increasing exposure to crystalline quartz at the workplace. One study found an effect only for smokers, and one did not observe such an effect at all. The meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed that the mean ratio FEV1/FVC was reduced and FEV1 of workers exposed to respirable quartz dust was 4.6% less than predicted compared to workers with no/low exposure. Both results showed a statistically significant difference.   Conclusion:  Occupational exposure to respirable quartz dust was associated with a statistically significant decrease in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, revealing airway obstruction consistent with COPD.  funded by the German Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs.
The Impact of Adding Aprepitant for the Patients Receiving Moderate Risk of Emetogenic Chemotherapy, a Prospective, Randomized, Cross-Over Trial.
Authors: K. Asaishi, M. Gotoh, M. Yoshida, T. Kii, S. Kuwakado, H. Nishitani, F. Shimamoto, T. Terazawa, T. Miyamoto, K. Higuchi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Interactions between Gut Microbiota, Host Genetics and Diet Modulate the Predisposition to Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Siegfried Ussar, Nicholas W. Griffin, Olivier Bezy, Shiho Fujisaka, Sara Vienberg, Samir Softic, Luxue Deng, Lynn Bry, Jeffrey I. Gordon, C. Ronald Kahn
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)

Obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome result from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, including the gut microbiota. To dissect these interactions, we utilized three commonly used inbred strains of mice—obesity/diabetes-prone C57Bl/6J mice, obesity/diabetes-resistant 129S1/SvImJ from Jackson Laboratory, and obesity-prone but diabetes-resistant 129S6/SvEvTac from Taconic—plus three derivative lines generated by breeding these strains in a new, common environment. Analysis of metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in all strains and their environmentally normalized derivatives revealed strong interactions between microbiota, diet, breeding site, and metabolic phenotype. Strain-dependent and strain-independent correlations were found between specific microbiota and phenotypes, some of which could be transferred to germ-free recipient animals by fecal transplantation. Environmental reprogramming of microbiota resulted in 129S6/SvEvTac becoming obesity resistant. Thus, development of obesity/metabolic syndrome is the result of interactions between gut microbiota, host genetics, and diet. In permissive genetic backgrounds, environmental reprograming of microbiota can ameliorate development of metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic Fate of 1-Hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil and 5-Fluorouracil in Mice Bearing Ascites Sarcoma 180&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Masaaki Iigo, Kazuo Kuretani, Akio Hoshi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Patterns of metabolism and disposition in plasma of tumor-bearing mice after oral administration of [6-14C]1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil ([6-14C] HCFU) resembled those in plasma of normal mice, but elimination of [6-14C]HCFU and 5-fluorouracil (FUra) was slower in tumor-bearing mice. The level of 1-(5-hydroxyhexylcarbamoyl)-5-fluorouracil (HHCFU) was lower in tumor-bearing mice. Also detected in plasma were [6-14C] HCFU, HHCFU, 1-(3-carboxypropylcarbamoyl)-5-fluorouracil, FUra, 5,6-dihydro-5-fluorouracil, and α-fluoro-β-alanine. FUra originating from [6-14C] HCFU was retained over 6 hours, whereas intact FUra after [6-14C] FUra administration disappeared within 2 hours. The pattern of metabolism in ascitic fluid was similar to that in plasma after [6-14C] HCFU and [6-14C] FUra administration, but FUra was retained for a longer period in ascitic fluid. In sarcoma 180 cells, the maximum concentration of total radioactivity was observed 1 or 2 hours after [6-14C]FUra or [6-14C] HCFU administration, respectively, and the level of intact HCFU was very low. The principal metabolites were nucleotides that were maintained for a long period after administration of both compounds. The pattern of other metabolites after [6-14C] HCFU administration was also similar to that after [6-14C]FUra administration.
Postnatal maturation of the Kallikrein-kinin system in the rat kidney
Authors: J L Bascands, M E Marin Castaño, G Bompart, C Pecher, M Gaucher, J P Girolami
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

During the course of aging, the balance between intrarenal hormones is disturbed. These age-related changes are well documented for the vasoconstrictor renin-angiotensin system, but comparable information on the renal kallikrein-kinin system is not yet available. The status of the kallikrein-kinin system was assessed by (1) kallikrein activity, measured by RIA; (2) maximum binding site density (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) of nonapeptide bradykinin (BK)-2 receptor, estimated by binding assays; (3) expression of BK2-receptor receptor mRNA, detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific BK2-oligonucleotide primers. These parameters were determinated on renal glomeruli of 3-, 5-, 8-, 12- and 38-wk-old normotensive rats. Kallikrein activity increased from 3.2 to 7.7 ng BK/min per mg protein. The density of BK2 binding sites also rose from 12 to 40 femtomoles/mg protein with no difference in affinity. There was no change in specificity, which remained that expected of a BK2 receptor. The increase in the density of BK2 binding sites was associated with an augmented mRNA expression, whereas beta-actin mRNA used as a control remained unchanged. The ratio of BK2 mRNA to beta-actin mRNA indicated maximum steady expression after 8 wk of age. The data provide evidence that the renal kallikrein-kinin system develops postnatally.
Circulating Tumor Cells in Murine Myeloma2
Authors: T. F. C. S. Warner, H. L. Moses, D. S. Fair, R. G. Krueger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

BALB/c mice bearing subcutaneous ADJ-PC5 myelomas had hematologic findings suggestive of a preleukemic syndrome: thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukocytosis, and megakaryocytic hyperplasia. Six BALB/c myelomas were successfully transplanted sc by fragments or cell suspensions of spleens from mice bearing a subcutaneous tumor, though typical myeloma cells were difficult to visualize by light microscopy in these spleens. The fidelity of transmission of the ADJ-PC5 myeloma by this procedure was shown by the retention of idiotypic specificity of the immunoglobulin produced by the tumor in a radioimmunoassay. The tumorigenic cell that homed to the spleen was apparent as early as 8 days after sc transplantation of the myeloma. The spleens of tumor-bearing mice, however, could destroy or suppress the expansion or growth of a limited number of cells that had migrated to the spleens. Tumorigenic cells present in the peripheral circulation constituted 2–3% of the leukocytes. These cells, however, had reduced levels of the murine myeloma viral and cell-associated antigens, were difficult to detect by an indirect immunofluorescence assay, and did not rapidly divide in this environment, as indicated by the very low number of cells detected by autoradiography.
Abstract 9594: Risk and Impact of Early and Late Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices (CF-LVADs)
Authors: Meredith A Brisco, Kartik Sundareswaran, Carmelo A Milano, David Feldman, Gregory A Ewald, Mark S Slaughter, David J Farrar, Lee R Goldberg
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are common in patients (pts) with LVADs, but most data were obtained from pts with pulsatile LVADs. The incidence, risk factors and impact of VAs in CF-LVAD pts are unknown. Hypothesis: VAs in pts with CF-LVADs occur frequently in the first 60 days without decreasing survival or quality of life (QOL). Methods: Pts in the HeartMate (HM) II bridge to transplant (BTT n=490) and destination therapy (n=634) trials who received a HM II LVAD were analyzed (n=1125). VAs were defined as those requiring intervention regardless of symptoms. Baseline characteristics, QOL and survival were compared between those with and without VAs. Risk factors were determined using Cox Models with and without 60-day post-implant blanking period. Results: A total of 686 VAs in 437 pts (39%) occurred in 1566 patient years (.44 VAs/yr). Most VAs occurred early with 403 events in 29% of pts in first 60 days (2.39 VAs/yr). Survival did not differ in pts with and without VAs (p=.22). Pts with VAs were more likely to be younger than 65 (p&lt;.001), black (p&lt;.001), have lower EF (15.9 vs. 17.4, p&lt;.001), BTT (p=.03), IABP before surgery (p=.009), and history of VAs (p&lt;.001). There were no differences in HF etiology, beta-blocker use, inotropes or pump speed. Significant multivariate risk factors for VAs were age ≥ 65, lower EF, BUN, IABP and VA history. Only EF, IABP, and history of VAs remained significant risk factors for VAs occurring after 60 days. QOL improvements with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaires were noted in all pts; however, pts with VAs had significantly worse unadjusted QOL on both instruments (p&lt;.001). Conclusions: VAs in CF-LVAD pts occur largely in the first 60 days without decreasing survival. Sicker pts (lower EF, presence of IABP) are at greater risk for early and late VAs, with history of prior VAs as the strongest predictor. Presence of VAs may serve as a marker for stunted improvement in QOL post CF-LVAD.
Survival of Mice Bearing a Transplanted Syngeneic Lymphoma Following Treatment With Cyclophosphamide, 5-Fiuorouracil, or 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W. R. Bruce, F. A. Valeriote, B. E. Meeker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

SUMMARY-A model has been derived for the effect of the chemotherapeutic agents cyclophosphamide (CY), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) on the survival of mice bearing a transplantable lymphoma. The model is based on assumptions that 1) failures in treatment result from the survival of viable malignant cells, 2) the lymphoma cells in the host increase exponentially with time, 3) the host dies when the lymphoma cell population reaches a critical value, and 4) the number of lymphoma cells in the host decreases exponentially as a function of the infected drug dose. Parameters were found for the growth of lymphoma cells in vivo and for the survival of lymphoma cells in the host following the administration of CY, 5-FU, and BCNU. When these parameters were incorporated into the model, predictions were obtained concerning the survival time of lymphoma-bearing mice as well as the fraction of long-term survivors as a function of the injected dose. It was found that the model and experimental data were in excellent agreement for low doses of the drug, i.e., doses which reduced the survival of the lymphoma cell population to the order of 10(-4) survival. However, discrepancies were observed above these dose levels. The discrepancies are discussed in terms of the assumptions of the model.
Human Interferon Action: Reciprocal Regulation by Retinoic Acid and β-Carotene&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J Rhodes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The effects of retinol (vitamin A alcohol), retinoic acid (vitamin A acid), and beta-carotene (pro-vitamin A) on human interferon (HuIFN) action were examined in vitro. Retinoic acid and beta-carotene, at concentrations in or near the physiologic range, were consistently found to behave as oppositional signals in relation to HuIFN alpha and beta. Thus retinoic acid (and retinol) inhibited the stimulatory action of interferon (IFN) on monocyte membrane function, and this inhibition was reversed by beta-carotene; beta-carotene alone modestly potentiated IFN in this system. Remarkably, for the inhibitory action of IFN on lymphoblastoid cell division, the converse was true: beta-Carotene inhibited the cytostatic action of IFN, and this inhibition was reversed by retinoic acid; retinoic acid alone modestly potentiated IFN in this system. These initial observations suggest a regulatory mechanism whereby beta-carotene potentiates the stimulatory effects but inhibits the suppressive effects of HuIFN on host effector cells. Their significance is discussed with reference to the putative anticancer role of dietary beta-carotene.
The angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in Indian patients with vitiligo: a case-control study and meta-analysis
Authors: M. Patwardhan, V. Pradhan, L.H. Taylor, V. Thakkar, V. Kharkar, U. Khopkar, K. Ghosh, D.J. Gawkrodger, M.D. Teare, A.P. Weetman, E.H. Kemp
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Vitiligo is a common, acquired, idiopathic depigmenting skin disorder. Although the exact pathogenesis remains unknown, genetic susceptibility and autoimmune responses play a role in vitiligo development. Previous studies have suggested that the D allele of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is associated with vitiligo in Indians and Koreans. Furthermore, significantly higher serum ACE levels have been demonstrated in patients with some autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders.The objectives were to investigate any association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and vitiligo susceptibility in an Indian population, and to compare serum ACE levels in patients with vitiligo and healthy subjects.The ACE I/D genotypes of 79 patients with vitiligo and 100 normal individuals were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification. A meta-analysis was done to compare the distribution of the ACE I/D alleles and genotypes in the current and three previous studies. Serum ACE levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.A significant increase in the frequency of the ACE I/D D allele was evident in patients with vitiligo in both the case-control study [P=0·005; odds ratio (OR) 1·87; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1·22-2·85] and the meta-analysis (P=0·044; OR 1·44; 95% CI 1·01-2·06). Serum ACE levels were significantly increased in patients with vitiligo compared with healthy subjects (P<0·0001).In agreement with earlier reports, the ACE I/D D allele is associated with vitiligo susceptibility in the Indian population. The significantly elevated serum ACE levels in our cohort of patients with vitiligo concur with those previously found in patients with some other autoimmune diseases.