tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doxorubicin-containing regimens for the treatment of stage II breast cancer: The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project experience.
Authors: B Fisher, C Redmond, D L Wickerham, D Bowman, H Schipper, N Wolmark, R Sass, E R Fisher, P Jochimsen, S Legault-Poisson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Despite numerous reports of findings obtained following the use of doxorubicin (Adriamycin [A]; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) for the postoperative treatment of patients with primary breast cancer and positive axillary nodes, no clear consensus exists regarding its worth when used in that setting. In June 1981, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) implemented two randomized clinical trials aimed at evaluating the worth of doxorubicin when administered in conjunction with melphalan (L-PAM) and fluorouracil (5-FU) (PF). A prior NSABP study identified cohorts of patients who did or did not benefit from tamoxifen (TAM, T) when used with chemotherapy. That information was employed in the design of the present studies. Women considered responsive to TAM (1,106) were randomized between PFT and PAFT, and those nonresponsive to TAM (707) were randomized between PF and PAF. Findings through 6 years of follow-up (mean duration of potential time on study, 64 months and 63 months, respectively) indicate that non-TAM-responsive patients who received PAF had a significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) (P = .003) and survival (P = .05) than did those receiving PF. By contrast, there was no significant difference in DFS (P = .6) or survival (P = .7) between PFT- and PAFT-treated patients. No disparity in the amount of drug received, whether related to the median amount or to dose-intensity, is present to account for the difference in findings between the studies. Aside from alopecia and emesis, the toxicity from the doxorubicin-containing regimens was similar to those in which doxorubicin was omitted. Cardiomyopathy was not a significant finding; there were no deaths from cardiac toxicity. The incidence of arterial and venous complications in patients receiving TAM was less than reported by others.
Interferons in the treatment of human cancer.
Authors: J M Kirkwood, M S Ernstoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

The interferons are the best known of biologic antineoplastic agents. Progress with the clinical application of interferons to cancer has been slow and complicated by the need for attention to a new spectrum of therapeutic and toxic effects manifest by the interferons. This summary of current phase I and II trial results with the interferons establishes their clinical potential. The maximally tolerated dosages of the most common species of interferon alpha produced in eukaryotic cells as well as by recombinant DNA technology in bacteria are now described in a variety of different disease states. "Naturally" produced eukaryotic as well as bacterially synthesized interferons have a similar, wide range of biologic effects in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral, antiproliferative, immunologic, and enzymologic functions of the interferons relevant to antineoplastic functions are under study. Knowledge of these mechanisms should improve the clinical results obtained in human cancer. Species and subspecies differences in the activity of interferons may lead to selective use of the pure interferon subspecies, alone or in combination. The use of the interferons and other antineoplastic biologics, such as antibody or chemotherapy, are subsequent goals that are now on the horizon.
Exposure to mild steel welding fume and pneumococcal infection of nasal epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Reetika Suri, Keith T. Palmer, David Coggon, Jonathan Grigg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that welders are at increased risk of pneumococcal bacteraemia. A site of pneumococcal entry into systemic circulation is via translocation across the nasal mucosa. Expression of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) on airway cells facilitates pneumococcal adhesion and translocation. We sought to assess whether exposure to WF increases pneumococcal adhesion to nasal epithelial cells via PAFR.  Methods: Confluent monolayers of the nasal epithelial cell line RPMI2650 were exposed to mild steel welding fume (WF) for 2 h, both with and without a PAFR blocker (CV3988). The WF was washed off and cells exposed to  S. pneumoniae  for 2 h (MOI 100). Cells were washed to remove non-adherent bacteria, and lysed. Bacterial numbers were assessed by quantitative culture to give colony forming units (cfu) /mL. Data were compared by t test with p  Results: Exposure to 200µg/mL and 300µg/mL WF increased pneumococcal adherence and invasion of cells in a dose dependent manner (*p  Conclusion: Exposure to welding fumes increases susceptibility of nasal epithelial cells to PAFR-dependent infection by  S. pneumoniae . These data suggest that blocking PAFR may reduce the risk of pneumococcal bacteraemia in welders.
Immune Regulation by Self-Recognition: Novel Possibilities for Anticancer Immunotherapy
Authors: M. H. Andersen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Circulating T cells that specifically target normal self-proteins expressed by regulatory immune cells were first described in patients with cancer, but can also be detected in healthy individuals. The adaptive immune system is distinguished for its ability to differentiate between self-antigens and foreign antigens. Thus, it was remarkable to discover T cells that apparently lacked tolerance to important self-proteins, eg, IDO, PD-L1, and FoxP3, expressed in regulatory immune cells. The ability of self-reactive T cells to react to and eliminate regulatory immune cells can influence general immune reactions. This suggests that they may be involved in immune homeostasis. It is here proposed that these T cells should be termed antiregulatory T cells (anti-Tregs). The role of anti-Tregs in immune-regulatory networks may be diverse. For example, pro-inflammatory self-reactive T cells that react to regulatory immune cells may enhance local inflammation and inhibit local immune suppression. Further exploration is warranted to investigate their potential role under different malignant conditions and the therapeutic possibilities they possess. Utilizing anti-Tregs for anticancer immunotherapy implies the direct targeting of cancer cells in addition to regulatory immune cells. Anti-Tregs provide the immune system with yet another level of immune regulation and contradict the notion that immune cells involved in the adjustment of immune responses only act as suppressor cells.
Variation in the number of alpha-globin loci in sheep.
Authors: A Rando, L Ramunno, P Masina
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1986)

Southern blot analysis was used to compare sheep and goat restriction-endonuclease maps of the DNA region containing the alpha-globin genes. The identical digestion patterns observed in both species with three endonucleases (BamHI, BstEII, and PstI) show that in sheep a single chromosome normally bears two nonallelic alpha-globin genes positioned at the same distance as in goat. Variant digestion patterns with enzymes that cleave outside (BamHI and HindIII) and within (EcoRI) the alpha-globin loci allowed us to infer that chromosomes with different numbers of alpha-globin loci are also present in sheep. In particular, in the 60 sheep considered, four individuals were heterozygous (alpha alpha/alpha alpha alpha) and one was homozygous (alpha alpha alpha/alpha alpha alpha) for chromosomes with three loci and one individual was heterozygous for a chromosome with four loci (alpha alpha/alpha alpha alpha alpha). This variation in the number of copies of alpha-globin loci can be explained by means of unequal crossovers.
Natural Killer Cell Activity and Autologous Tumor Killing Activity in Cancer Patients: Overlapping Involvement of Effector Cells as Determined in Two-Target Conjugate Cytotoxicity Assay&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A Uchida, E Yanagawa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The relationship between natural killer (NK) cell activity and autologous tumor killing activity was examined in patients with carcinomatous pleural effusions (PE) by means of a two-target conjugate cytotoxicity assay. Enrichment of large granular lymphocyte(s) (LGL) by discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation resulted in an augmentation of cytotoxicity against both K562 cells and tumor cells freshly isolated from PE of the same patients in a 4-hour 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay. At the single-cell level, the LGL-enriched fraction contained an increased number of effector cells that bound to autologous tumor cells and to K562 cells, as well as an increased frequency of cells cytotoxic to these target cells. In the two-target conjugate cytotoxicity assay, a single lymphocyte in the LGL population simultaneously bound to both a fluorescein-labeled K562 cell and a nonfluorescent autologous tumor cell. A significant number of lymphocytes in these mixed two-target conjugates lysed both autologous tumor cells and K562 cells after 6 hours' incubation, although overall lysis of K562 cells was higher than that of autologous tumor cells. These results indicate that a single LGL is involved in the lysis of both autologous tumor cells and K562 cells and thus provide direct evidence of involvement of subsets of NK cells in autologous tumor cell killing.
A seroprevalence study of poliovirus antibody against a collection of recombinant and non-recombinant poliovirus vaccine strains in the population of southern Greece
Authors: V. Pliaka, I.G.A. Ruether, Z. Kyriakopoulou, P. Kioussi, E. Plakokefalos, M. Megalou, A. Pratti, S. Levidiotou-Stefanou, P. Markoulatos
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas, Version 4.2014
Authors: Andrew D. Zelenetz, Leo I. Gordon, William G. Wierda, Jeremy S. Abramson, Ranjana H. Advani, C. Babis Andreadis, Nancy Bartlett, John C. Byrd, Myron S. Czuczman, Luis E. Fayad, Richard I. Fisher, Martha J. Glenn, Nancy Lee Harris, Richard T. Hoppe, Steven M. Horwitz, Christopher R. Kelsey, Youn H. Kim, Susan Krivacic, Ann S. LaCasce, Auayporn Nademanee, Pierluigi Porcu, Oliver Press, Rachel Rabinovitch, Nishitha Reddy, Erin Reid, Ayman A. Saad, Lubomir Sokol, Lode J. Swinnen, Christina Tsien, Julie M. Vose, Joachim Yahalom, Nadeem Zafar, Mary Dwyer, Hema Sundar
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders originating in B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, or natural killer cells. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) accounts for approximately 6% of all newly diagnosed NHL cases. Radiation therapy with or without systemic therapy is a reasonable approach for the few patients who present with early-stage disease. Rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy followed by high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell rescue (HDT/ASCR) is recommended for patients presenting with advanced-stage disease. Induction therapy followed by rituximab maintenance may provide extended disease control for those who are not candidates for HDT/ASCR. Ibrutinib, a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was recently approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory disease. This manuscript discusses the recommendations outlined in the NCCN Guidelines for NHL regarding the diagnosis and management of patients with MCL.
Alteration by Malignant Transformation of the Calcium Requirements for Cell Proliferation in Vitro2
Authors: S. H. H. Swierenga, J. F. Whitfield, D. J. Gillan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Cells from the thigh muscles of normal fetal rats proliferated rapidly and indefinitely in a medium containing adult rat "plasma" and a normal free-calcium concentration, but they could not proliferate in calcium-deficient plasma medium. As the animals grew older, the cells became increasingly less able to proliferate even in normal (high-calcium) plasma medium, though they retained the potential to proliferate in a more conventional medium containing fetal bovine serum. By contrast, neoplastic adult cells from malignant rhabdomyosarcomas (induced by Ni3S2) proliferated rapidly and indefinitely in both normal and low-calcium plasma medium
Studies on the prekallikrein (kallikreinogen)—kallikrein enzyme system of human plasma
Authors: Robert W. Colman, Lawrence Mattler, Sol Sherry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Evidence is presented in this paper that the kaolin-activated arginine esterase of plasma is related to plasma kallikrein activity. Such a relationship is based on studies that (1) establish a constant ratio of esterase activity on various synthetic substrates for the kaolin-activated arginine esterase, purified kallikrein(s), and preparations obtained during the fractionation procedure; (2) exclude other known plasma and tissue arginine esterases; (3) confirm the requirement for factor XII in the activation of the enzyme precursor; and (4) show similarities in behavior between the plasma esterase and purified kallikrein(s) toward a variety of inhibitors.
Methacholine challenge test in asthma: Serial measurement and clinical significance
Authors: An Soo Jang, Choon-Sik Park
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a characteristic feature of asthma, and methacholine bronchial provocation test (MBPT) have been widely used to document and quantitate AHR.  Objective: We serially checked MBPT in patients with asthma and compared clinical profiles according to AHR change.  Methods: We enrolled 323 asthmatics from Soonchunhyang University Bucheon hospital cohort who had serially checked MPBT. Second MPT was done when patients were well controlled during anti asthma medication according to GINA guideline. Patients were grouped into responder and non-responder by MPT result.  Results: Follow up period of MBPT in patients with asthma was 9.3yrs. PC20 was changed from 5.98 ± 0.46 mg/dl at initials to 8.1 ± 0.53 mg/dl at follow up. Compared with non-responder asthmatics, Responder group had longer duration of asthma (5.54 ± 0.63 vs. 2.84 ± 0.59, p=0.002) and lower initial PC20 (2.22 ± 0.26 vs. 13.2 ± 0.97, p=0.001). As compared with non-responder asthmatics, responder asthmatics showed atopic family history (16/ 213 vs. 1/110, p=0.001). Questionnaire of quality of life were more improved in responder group than in non responder group. Follow up PC 20 was higher in responder asthmatics than those of non-responder (8.9 ± 0.67 vs. 6.54 ± 0.84, p=0.023). FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC were serially respectively increased. PC20 was serially decreased. First PC20 correlated with second PC20 (r= 0.499, p=0.001). There were no differences between sex, atopy, asthma exacerbation, accompanying diseases, beta agonist response near fatal attack.  Conclusions: Our data indicate that serial methacholine provocation test may be helpful to provide a physiologic rationale for asthma therapy.
Asthma and Current Intestinal Parasite Infection
Authors: Jo Leonardi-Bee, David Pritchard, John Britton
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Epidemiologic studies suggest that intestinal parasite infections may protect against asthma.A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies to determine whether total or species-specific current parasite infection is associated with a reduced risk of asthma or wheeze.We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL (up to January 2006); reviews; and reference lists from publications, with no language restrictions. We included studies that reported asthma or wheeze as an outcome measure and ascertained parasite infection by fecal examination. We estimated pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using data extracted from published papers, or where available, original data provided by authors, using random effect models.Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Infection with any parasite was associated with a small, nonsignificant increase in asthma risk (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.98-1.57; 29 studies). In species-specific analysis, Ascaris lumbricoides was associated with significantly increased odds of asthma (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.71; 20 studies), while hookworm infection was associated with a significantly strong reduction (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28-0.90; 9 studies) that was directly and significantly related to infection intensity (p < 0.001; OR for highest tertile of infection, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19-0.62). Other species had no significant effects on asthma. Infection effects on wheeze were derived from smaller numbers, but revealed a broadly similar pattern of results.Parasite infections do not in general protect against asthma, but infection with hookworm may reduce the risk of this disease.
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided sampling can be used for successful molecular sampling in routine clinical practice
Authors: Lianne Castle, Takahiro Nakajima, Marcelo Cypel, Marc de Perrot, Andrew Pierre, Gail Darling, Thomas Waddell, Shaf Keshavjee, Gilda Santos, Scott Boerner, William Geddes, Kazuhiro Yasufuku
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Treatment in oncology is becoming increasingly driven by tumour genetics and biomarker status. In non-small cell lung cancer, mutations within the gene encoding for the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are associated with improved response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This has led to need for genetic analysis for this mutation in lung cancer patients.  Initial studies assessed EGFR status in surgical biopsies. Many patients have advanced disease at presentation and there is a requirement to be able to perform this analysis on fine needle aspirates.  Whilst studies have shown cytological samples specifically prepared are suitable for this analysis, few studies have assessed the ability to perform molecular analysis on routine samples.  We hypothesised that molecular analysis would be possible from routine samples collected at our institution.  All procedures performed between 2008 and 2011 were reviewed. Using patient and pathology records, data was collected on patient demographics, adequacy of samples, cytological diagnosis and molecular analyses performed.  Cancer was diagnosed in 352 out of 741 cases (48%). Molecular analysis was performed in 70 cases (20% cancer cases). Molecular analysis included PCR, flow cytometry and FISH and occurred in varying cancer diagnoses including: lymphoma (B cell and Hodgkins), melanoma, sarcoma and lung and breast cancer. In a subgroup, EGFR analysis was possible in 87% (47/54) of cases with mutations present in 34% (16/47).  Samples from EBUS-TBNA can be used for molecular analysis in routine clinical practice. Their use extends not only to lung but other metastatic cancers of the thorax.
Enhancement of In Vitro Transformation by Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid2
Authors: Paul J. Price, William A. Suk, Eugene M. Zimmerman, Gerard J. Spahn, Adi F. Gazdar, Samuel Baron
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

The synthetic, double-stranded RNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I: C), under certain conditions acted as a transforming agent. Low-passage Fischer rat-embryo cells were transformed when poly I : C was added to cells newly in;fected with Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV). Poly I : C had no transforming effect when added to virus-free cultures or to the low-passage cells chronically infected with RLV. High-passage Fischer rat-embryo cells were transformed by poly I : C in either the absence or presence of RLV. The findings indicated that further studies are needed on the possible oncogenic potential of poly I : C.
Use of faecal occult blood tests in symptomatic patients
Authors: Robert Steele, Ian Forgacs, Gwyn McCreanor, Sally Benton, Michael Machesney, Colin Rees, Stephen P Halloran, Muti Abulafi, Deborah Alsina
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Despite serious reservations expressed during consultation, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has recently issued referral guidance for suspected colorectal cancer in which faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) is recommended for certain low risk symptomatic patients.1 2 We believe that this will lead to false reassurance and delayed investigations. We should like to point out that:
Data recycling and misreading: two potential errors in pooled data from small studies.
Authors: B L Hillcoat
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Data from studies on small numbers of patients are often pooled to obtain more significant numbers with which to estimate response rates to chemotherapy. This has several problems that are well recognized. Two additional types of errors are (1) data recycling, in which the same data are included twice or more, and (2) data misreading, in which mistakes frequently occur in quoting the small numbers involved. Both errors are easily avoided by careful reading of the original reports.
Recurrent chiasmatic-hypothalamic glioma treated with oral etoposide.
Authors: M C Chamberlain, M R Grafe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE Chiasmatic-hypothalamic gliomas are not amenable to surgical resection and therefore are treated with either radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Here we report the use of etoposide (VP-16) administered on a chronic oral schedule as a novel chemotherapeutic approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fourteen patients, aged 2 to 15 years, were treated with VP-16 after clinical and neuroradiographic tumor progression. Thirteen patients had received prior radiotherapy, and 12 received prior nitrosourea-based chemotherapy. VP-16 was administered orally, each cycle consisting of 50 mg/m2/d on day 1 through 21 and 36 through 57. Clinical and neuroradiographic evaluations were performed during days 58 through 72 before initiation of each cycle of therapy. Complete blood counts were performed weekly. RESULTS Treatment-related complications included the following: partial alopecia (seven patients); diarrhea (six); weight loss (five); neutropenia (four); and thrombocytopenia (four). Three patients required transfusion (three RBC; two platelet), and one patient required antibiotic treatment of neutropenic fever. There were no treatment-related deaths. Fourteen patients were assessable, five of whom demonstrated a radiographic response (one complete and four partial); and three patients demonstrated stable disease, with a median duration of response of 8 months. CONCLUSION Chronic oral VP-16 is well tolerated, produces modest toxicity, and has apparent activity in this small cohort of patients with recurrent chiasmatic-hypothalamic gliomas.
PDK1-Dependent Metabolic Reprogramming Dictates Metastatic Potential in Breast Cancer
Authors: Fanny Dupuy, Sébastien Tabariès, Sylvia Andrzejewski, Zhifeng Dong, Julianna Blagih, Matthew G. Annis, Atilla Omeroglu, Dongxia Gao, Samuel Leung, Eitan Amir, Mark Clemons, Adriana Aguilar-Mahecha, Mark Basik, Emma E. Vincent, Julie St.-Pierre, Russell G. Jones, Peter M. Siegel
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Mammary Tumorigenesis in Chemical Carcinogen-Treated Mice. II. Dependence on Hormone Stimulation for Tumorigenesis2
Authors: Daniel Medina
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Mammary Tumorigenesis in Chemical Carcinogen-Treated Mice. II. Dependence on Hormone Stimulation for Tumorigenesis Get access Daniel Medina Daniel Medina 3Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex. 77025. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 1, July 1974, Pages 223–226, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.1.223 Published: 01 July 1974 Article history Received: 14 January 1974 Accepted: 10 April 1974 Published: 01 July 1974