tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Early Postischemic Myocardial Functional Recovery
Authors: A. Manché, S.J. Edmondson, D.J. Hearse
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The present study was designed to explore the relation between the duration of ischemia and the rate and extent of myocardial functional recovery after reperfusion. Methods and Results Isolated rat hearts were perfused with blood from a support animal for 15 minutes (flow rate, 2.5 mL/min; perfusion pressure, 60.1±1.3 mm Hg). Control left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was measured, and the hearts (six per group) were subjected to 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, or 80 minutes of global ischemia (37°C) and 60 minutes of reperfusion. Pacing (320 beats per minute) was instituted before and after ischemia. In all groups, transient arrhythmias occurred at the onset of reperfusion, to be followed by an early phase of recovery that peaked after 2 to 3 minutes of reperfusion. The relation between the extent of this initial recovery and the duration of preceding ischemia was described by a bell-shaped curve. Thus, the maximum initial mean recovery after 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, or 80 minutes of ischemia was 97%, 108%, 145%, 154%, 118%, 34%, 41%, and 24%, respectively, of preischemic LVDP. Possibly indicative of reperfusion-induced injury, LVDP then declined in all groups so that after 20 minutes of reperfusion, the mean recovery was 63%, 53%, 48%, 50%, 56%, 12%, 9%, and 5%, respectively. In the 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-minute ischemia groups, there then was a secondary increase in LVDP, possibly indicating the start of recovery from stunning. After 60 minutes of reperfusion, the mean recovery of LVDP was 82%, 65%, 59%, 54%, 47%, 9%, 7%, and 4%, respectively; this second phase of recovery was inversely proportional to the duration of ischemia. To define the early phase of recovery that had been obscured by reperfusion-induced arrhythmias, we repeated the experiments with the inclusion of a cardioplegic infusion (St Thomas’ solution for 2 minutes before ischemia). This significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation during early reperfusion. The extent of the initial postischemic recovery of LVDP was similar to that observed without cardioplegia; however, the mean secondary recovery was greater in all groups. Again, the relation of early transient (2 to 5 minutes) recovery to the duration of ischemia was represented by a bell-shaped curve, whereas the secondary recovery was inversely related. Conclusions Although the results of the present study confirm the protective properties of cardioplegia, they also shed some light on the nature of reperfusion-induced injury and myocardial stunning and their complex relation to the severity of the preceding ischemia.
Characteristic patterns of altered DNA methylation predict emergence of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Naoshi Nishida, Masatoshi Kudo, Takeshi Nagasaka, Iwao Ikai, Ajay Goel
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

We aimed to identify the specific subset of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) that are methylation-silenced during the earliest steps of hepatocarcinogenesis, and to further evaluate whether these genes can serve as predictive biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) emergence. A total of 482 liver tissues including 177 pairs of HCCs and matched nontumor livers and 128 liver biopsies from chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients were analyzed for quantitative methylation analysis in 24 TSG promoters and three MINT loci. The tumors were classified as early, less-progressed, and highly progressed HCCs using histology and radiological approaches. A subset of TSGs that harbored distinctly high levels of methylation in early HCCs were selected. Based on the methylation profiles of these genes, Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to determine time-to-HCC occurrence in CHC patients. Subsequently, multivariate analysis was performed using age, gender, fibrosis stage, and number of methylated TSGs as covariates. Among TSGs analyzed, a subset of eight TSGs (HIC1, GSTP1, SOCS1, RASSF1, CDKN2A, APC, RUNX3, and PRDM2) demonstrated a distinct cluster by hierarchical clustering and receiver operating characteristic analyses. This subset of TSGs showed significantly higher methylation levels in the early HCCs (P < 0.0001). In the CHC patients, methylation frequencies in these TSGs were associated with shorter time-to-HCC occurrence (P < 0.0001), and number of methylated genes was an independent risk factor for HCC (hazard ratio = 5.21, 95% confidence interval = 2.25-11.76, P = 0.0002). Epigenetic inactivation of a subset of TSGs plays a critical role in the earliest steps of hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, epigenetic inactivation of these genes in CHC provides a prognostic value for determining the risk for developing HCC later in life.
THE ROLE OF NEOINTIMAL MICROCHANNELS FOR PROGRESSION OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC CORONARY PLAQUES IN CHRONIC PHASE AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENT: EVALUATION WITH INTRAVASCULAR OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Kenichi Ishigami, Shiro Uemura, Yu Sugawara, Tsunenari Soeda, Hiroyuki Kawata, Manabu Horii, Yoshihiko Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Clinical Use of Recombinant Human Hematopoietic Growth Factors
Authors: J. Laver, M. A. S. Moore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Hematopoletic growth factors comprise a family of hematopoietic regulators with biologic specificities defined by their ability to support proliferation and differentiation of blood cells of different lineages. The biologic specificities of these factors are highly complex, dose dependent, and frequently overlapping. Recent advances In the cloning of hematopoietlc growth factor genes and the availability of recombinant material have led investigators to conduct clinical trials with these agents. Some of these factors have been studied and used In chemotherapy-induced neutropeala, myelodysplastic syndromes, and bone marrow failure syndromes. In this paper, we review the experience with growth factors that have been tested and that currently are being introduced in clinical trials. In addition, we report some factors with possible future interest for clinicians and researchers. [J Nati Cancer Inst 81:1370–1382, 1989]
PROGNOSIS OF LARYNGEAL TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: ROBERT LEVY
Journal: JAMA (1899)

In view of the many authentic cases of cures, both spontaneous and under treatment, which have of late years been reported, it is with some surprise that the vast majority of general practitioners as well as a fair number of laryngologists still look with but little hope on every case as soon as the verdict of laryngeal tuberculosis is given. The general statement "prognosis-grave" is sufficient to satisfy the conscience and condemn the patient. This view is certainly to be looked on as misleading to say the least, especially as it is generally given more prominence than the modifying and qualifying statements which usually follow. It is quite as much to be regretted, as so well put by Schech in Heymann's "Handbuch," that the present "beloved joy" over the results of modern treatment produces much harm both to our science and to the patient by promises which can not
CASE OF GLANDERS IN MAN
Authors: F. Mason
Journal: BMJ (1856)

whch yielded to bleeding from the wm, leeches,and calo- =el and opumm; after which he made a good recovery, re- quiring nothing more than an occasional dose of castor oil, or a common domestic enema.Lawrence relates, in his Tremaft on Rupture, page 209, a ea resembling the above in some particulars, but having a differet result.In that, there was absence of the testicle e the henial side of the scrotum; the stricture was situ- ad at the internal aperture; this was divided, and the intstine returned: however, the constipation and symptoms ef strangulation continued,in spite of all efforts, and the man died on the following evening.Thepost mortem examination showed that within the abdomen, and just behind the ring, there was a small piece of intestine, perfectly black, and gangrenous, which had been strangulated by a preternatu- ral band of adhesion, extending from the peritoneum, close to the ring, to the mesentery.Had the bowel not been so obstinately fixed in the present instance, it is not impro- bable it would have been returned also, without our dis- covering this second stricture,* as it was placed above the internal aperture, and, therefore, not within range of an * This structure exactly corresponded with Wilmer's description, in being "annular, thick, anid cartilasonous." (Pract.Observ.on Heria,
THE HEAT-STABILITY AND "TENACITY" OF TUBERCULIN
Authors: H. J. Parish, R. A. O'Brien
Journal: BMJ (1935)

It has been realized for some years that tuberculin extremely heat-stable substance.Parish and Okell found that undiluted old tuberculin might be autoclaved for half an hour without detectable loss, and after hours might retain 60 per cent. of its original value.Dilutions were slightly less heat-stable, but retained 40 per cent. of their original value after autoclaving for two hours.Douglas and Hartley (1934) stated " after autoclaving and prolonged heating at high tempera- tures, both of undiluted tuberculin and of dilutions thereof, apparently not less than one-half of the original activity remained."We have recently found that tuberculo-protein, prepared by Seibert's method, has similar high degree of heat-stability.In view of these results it appeared to be advisable to find out to what extent minute amounts of tuberculin might remain a4herent to " clean " glassware and other apparatus.
Toscanini's Fumble and Other Tales of Clinical Neurology
Authors: Jane M. Orient
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Newton's Madness: Further Tales of Clinical Neurology, by Harold Klawans, 218 pp, $17.95, New York, NY, Harper &amp; Row, 1990.</h3> Dr Klawans' patients are often bothered when he makes a diagnosis by just looking at them—or by merely listening to their stories. But as he eloquently demonstrates, 90% of diagnosis (especially in neurology) is still from the history, not from computer-assisted imaging. The history is best obtained by interviewing the patient face to face. However, since Toscanini, Newton, and the inhabitants of ancient Jericho are unavailable for examination, Klawans pieces together a diagnosis from the clues in the historical record. Readers will enjoy testing their acumen. Perhaps they will do as well as Isaac Newton himself, who might actually have suspected his own diagnosis. As researcher, teacher, and clinician, Klawans is a model for young physicians, one who exemplifies how the physician can focus a broad range of knowledge on
AN EXPERIMENTAL INQUIRY INTO THE CAUSES OF THE VARIATIONS OF PULSE-WAVE VELOCITY AND DURATION OF THE CARDIO-AORTIC OR PRESPHYGMIC INTERVAL OBSERVED IN MAN.
Authors: A. T. KEYT
Journal: JAMA (1883)

“In every truth attained there is utility, either at hand or among the certainties of the future.”—Paget. The work of the present essay was devised and prosecuted with the conviction that the points to be established were of interest and importance, and that the graphic method afforded the facility for their successful study. Our knowledge of velocity of the pulse-wave has all been acquired within a comparatively recent period and still later are our acquisitions in regard to the interval between the beginning of ventricular systole and rise of the aortic pulse. Previous to the present investigation, it had been determined that the pulse-wave velocity and duration of the cardio-aortic interval were both subject to variations, but the real causes of the variations remained to be determined by experimental inquiry and observation. If, in the following pages, we make frequent reference to our own previous observations, it is because they
Mental Health in Mental Retardation
Authors: N Bouras
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Nick Bouras Cambridge University Press, £45, pp 400 ISBN 0-521-43495-5

Some experts in learning disability (mental retardation) can remember working in large overcrowded institutions where patients' rights and dignity were non-existent. The specialty was oriented towards physical aspects of learning disability and particularly genetic issues. The publication of Mental Health in Mental Retardation is symbolic of the changes that have taken place and the reorientation of …
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS IN AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND PARKINSONISM-DEMENTIA ON GUAM
Authors: PaulM. Hoffman, DeannaS. Robbins, ClarenceJ. Gibbs, D. Carleton Gajdusek, RalphM. Garruto, PaulI. Terasaki
Journal: The Lancet (1977)
PD-L1 is preferentially expressed on CD44+ tumor-initiating cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yunqin Lee, John Sunwoo
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Human tumors consist of heterogeneous populations with different phenotypic characteristics, and these subpopulations can often be distinguished by different surface marker expression. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), CD44 has been identified to be a marker of a
Effects of aging on the induction of angiosarcoma.
Authors: D H Groth, W B Coate, B M Ulland, R W Hornung
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Adult, Sprague-Dawley albino rats of four different ages (6, 18, 32 and 52 weeks) were exposed to 940 ppm vinyl chloride by inhalation for 24 weeks, 5 days/week, 7 hr/day. In each age group, there were 110 to 128 males and the same number of females. The similarly housed control group, which was not exposed to vinyl chloride, consisted of the same number of males and females in each age group. All animals that died spontaneously, or were sacrificed moribund, or were killed at scheduled times (3, 6 and 9 months after initial exposure) were autopsied. All organs were examined grossly, and several tissues from each animal were examined microscopically. The older the rats were when they were first exposed, the greater the incidence of angiosarcomas. The incidences of angiosarcomas in the four age groups (from youngest to oldest) in the exposed males in the nonscheduled sacrifice groups were: 0/37 (0%); 0/44 (0%); 3/45 (6.7%); and 13/55 (24%). Similarly, for the females, these incidences were: 2/38 (5.3%); 7/47 (15%); 23/49 (47%); and 11/54 (20%). Most of the angiosarcomas were highly anaplastic, primary tumors in the livers that metastasized to the lungs. Only one angiosarcoma was seen in all the control rats; that occurred in subcutaneous tissue. This study demonstrated that older adult animals and females are more susceptible to the angiosarcoma-inducing effects of vinyl chloride than young adult animals and males, respectively.
Combination Chemotherapy With Doxorubicin and Lomustine
Authors: Stephen D. Williams, Lawrence H. Einhorn
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Ten patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease refractory to combination therapy with nitrogen mustard, vincristine sulfate, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) were treated with a combination of doxorubicin hydrochloride and lomustine. Toxicity was acceptable. Five patients (50%) attained complete remission (median duration, 15 months). Three patients attained a partial remission (median duration, four months). Survival ranged from three to more than 40 months, and five patients are still alive. One patient remains disease-free after a course of radiation therapy to a site of localized nodal relapse. The doxorubicin-lomustine regimen has induced meaningful remissions in a patient population with very refractory disease. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1659-1661, 1977)
Differences in exosome populations in human breast milk in relation to allergic sensitization and lifestyle
Authors: P. Torregrosa Paredes, C. Gutzeit, S. Johansson, C. Admyre, F. Stenius, J. Alm, A. Scheynius, S. Gabrielsson
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Background Breast‐feeding has many beneficial effects on the developing immune system of the newborn. Breast milk contains immunoregulatory factors, such as nano‐sized vesicles named exosomes. This study aimed at characterizing breast milk exosomes from human early milk and mature milk and to investigate whether allergic sensitization and an anthroposophic lifestyle could influence the exosome profile. Methods Breast milk was collected from 22 mothers at day 3–8 and from 61 mothers at 2 months postpartum, all part of the ALADDIN birth cohort. Isolated exosomes were captured on anti‐ MHC ‐class II ‐ or anti‐ CD 63 beads and analyzed by flow cytometry. Exosomal phenotype was related to lifestyle and allergic sensitization of the mothers, and sensitization of the child at 2 years of age. Results We found a higher content of exosomes in early milk compared with mature milk. Early milk exosomes were enriched in HLA ‐ DR molecules and displayed significantly lower levels of HLA ‐ ABC compared with those in mature milk. Phenotypically different subpopulations of exosomes were found in mature milk. Significantly lower levels of MUC 1 were detected on CD 63‐enriched exosomes from sensitized mothers compared with nonsensitized. Furthermore, women with an anthroposophic lifestyle had significantly lower MUC 1 expression on their HLA ‐ DR ‐enriched milk exosomes and up‐regulated levels of CD 63 on CD 63‐enriched exosomes compared with nonanthroposophic mothers. Notably, mothers whose children developed sensitization had an increased amount of HLA ‐ ABC on their milk exosomes enriched for CD 63. Conclusions The phenotype of exosomes in breast milk varies with maternal sensitization and lifestyle, which might influence allergy development in the child.
The Impact of a Physician's Warning on Recovery After Alcoholism Treatment
Authors: Diana Chapman Walsh
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To study whether alcoholic workers had seen physicians during the year they were identified by their company, whether they recalled physicians' warnings about drinking, and whether such warnings affected outcomes 2 years later. <h3>Design.</h3> —Workers were interviewed at intake and 2 years later: subgroups who did and did not see physicians and who did and did not recall warnings were compared. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A company-union employee assistance program. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Two hundred problem drinkers, newly identified on the job, predominantly male, blue-collar workers. <h3>Outcomes.</h3> —Drinking, drunkenness, average daily alcohol consumption, and impairment score. <h3>Results.</h3> —Among the 200 participants, 74% saw physicians in the index year; only 22% recalled warnings. Recall of a warning was associated with liver disease, continued drinking while ill, supervisors' job warnings, older age, and marijuana use. Two years later, those warned were more likely to be abstaining, and sober, and were less impaired. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Recalling a physician's warning at intake into alcoholism treatment was associated with better prognosis 2 years later. However, among this group of employees whose drinking was serious enough to be identified on the job, fewer than a quarter recalled physicians' warnings, even though more than three quarters had seen physicians in the year preceding intake. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:663-667)
A Randomized Phase 3 Trial Comparing Pemetrexed/Carboplatin and Docetaxel/Carboplatin as First-Line Treatment for Advanced, Nonsquamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: José Rodrigues-Pereira, Joo-Hang Kim, Manuel Magallanes, Dae Ho Lee, Jie Wang, Vinod Ganju, Luis Martínez-Barrera, Helen Barraclough, Maximiliano van Kooten, Mauro Orlando
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
TCTAP A-014 Correlation Between the Age of Thrombus and Short Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Elizabeth Joseph Fischer, Sunitha Thomas, Prathap Mohan, Latha Abraham, Anna Matthai, Elizabeth Joseph, Vigy Georgekutty, Merin Baby, Anoop Mathew, Louie Fischer, Eapen Punnose
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Growth hormone releasing factor: comparison of two analogues and demonstration of hypothalamic defect in growth hormone release after radiotherapy.
Authors: A Grossman, N Lytras, M O Savage, J A Wass, D H Coy, L H Rees, A E Jones, G M Besser
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (hpGHRF(1-40] stimulates the release of growth hormone in normal subjects and some patients with growth hormone deficiency. A study comparing the shorter chain amidated analogue hpGHRF(1-29) with an equivalent dose of hpGHRF(1-40) in seven normal subjects showed no significant difference in growth hormone response between the two preparations. Six patients with prolactinomas were also tested; these patients had received megavoltage radiotherapy previously but had developed growth hormone deficiency as shown by insulin induced hypoglycaemia. In all six patients 200 micrograms hpGHRF(1-40) or hpGHRF(1-29)NH2 produced an increase in the serum growth hormone concentration. These data suggest that hpGHRF(1-29)NH2 may be useful for testing the readily releasable pool of growth hormone in the pituitary and that cases of hypothalamo-pituitary irradiation resulting in growth hormone deficiency may be due to failure of synthesis or delivery of endogenous GHRF from the hypothalamus to pituitary cells.
SIMULTANEOUS CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY AND DETERMINATION OF HEPATIC FUNCTION
Authors: W. H. COLE
Journal: JAMA (1928)

In previous publications we1have mentioned the superiority of phenoltetraiodophthalein over its isomeric compound tetraiodophenolphthalein for purposes of cholecystography. Its advantages lie in the facts that a smaller dose is required and that correspondingly a diminished incidence of toxic reactions occurs, and that simultaneously with the cholecystographic study of the gallbladder it is possible to measure the excretory function of the liver. The structural formulas of the two compounds are as follows:
Books, Libraries, and Medical History
Authors: John B. Blake
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A HISTORICAL COLLECTION in a medical library should serve the serious purpose of a library and not provide merely a dignified atmosphere for serving sherry on ceremonial occasions. Books of historical interest should be there, not to be seen from afar, nor even to be fondled lovingly, but to be used for their intellectual content. In any medical school library a historical collection should support teaching and research. If housed in a separate room, that room should have desks and chairs where a man may work. The first requisite for a medical historical collection is good reference material. A large and well-rounded group of histories, biographies, journals, and above all bibliographies and catalogues, old and new, should be in the library and readily available. These are the basic tools that anyone engaged in research should have at his immediate command. They should not be borrowed by interlibrary loan or situated
Safety and Effectiveness of Interferon Alpha-2a in Treatment of Patients with Behçet's Uveitis Refractory to Conventional Treatments
Authors: Güngör Sobacı, Üzeyir Erdem, A. Hakan Durukan, Cüneyt Erdurman, Atilla Bayer, Serkan Köksal, Suat Karagul, M. Zeki Bayraktar
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)