tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Employment Among Survivors of Lung Cancer and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Craig C. Earle, Yves Chretien, Carl Morris, John Z. Ayanian, Nancy L. Keating, Linnea A. Polgreen, Robert Wallace, Patricia A. Ganz, Jane C. Weeks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

To identify the frequency of and factors associated with changes in employment among cancer survivors.This prospective cohort study took place in the context of the population-based Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium. Patients with nonmetastatic lung or colorectal cancer who survived approximately 15 months after diagnosis without cancer recurrence provided their self-reported employment status, employment experiences, and changes in insurance coverage at 4 and 15 months after diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression was used to relate sociodemographic and disease factors to the probability of labor force departure.Among 2,422 eligible patients, employment declined from 3% to 31% over the 15 months after cancer was diagnosed. Labor force departures attributable to cancer occurred in 17% of those employed at baseline. Factors associated with significantly higher rates of labor force departure were lung versus colon cancer, stage III versus I or II disease, lower educational and income levels, and, among colorectal patients, older age. Married women were significantly more likely than unmarried women to leave the workforce. Only 2% of patients lacked health insurance during the study period.Most employed patients with nonmetastatic lung or colorectal cancer return to work, but approximately one sixth of patients leave the workforce, particularly those with worse prognoses or lower socioeconomic status. Potential economic effects must be considered in management decisions about cancer.
Quantification of the health impact of environmental stressors in Germany for use in policy making: results of the VegAS project
Authors: Nadine Steckling, Thomas Classen, Odile Mekel, Zita Schillmöller, Michael Schümann, André Conrad, Claudia Terschüren, Johan Popp, Gunnar Paetzelt, Reinhard Samson, Myriam Tobollik, Timothy McCall, Dirk Wintermeyer, Claudia Hornberg
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Indochinese Patients: Cultural Aspects of the Medical and Psychiatric Care of Indochinese Refugees
Authors: LTC Gentry W. Yeatman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book is a part of the<i>Refugees Among Us</i>series written to provide information about the Indochinese, past and present, with special reference to their traumatic adaptation to our society. It is written by a prominent Vietnamese psychiatrist-family practitioner, himself a refugee in 1975. It provides profound insight into the problems that beset adequate health care utilization as seen through the eyes of the refugee himself. Frustration and isolation typify the Vietnamese interaction with the American health scene. The refugee sees himself as different and may have little confidence in the physician's ability to understand his illness. He is fascinated by his gadgetry, almost demanding of his medicines and injections, but not necessarily accepting of his advice. Western medications are considered too strong, and dose reduction is common. Follow-up visits are not deemed necessary if the physician is merely going to continue the same treatment or if no symptoms
Accuracy of Simple Biochemical Tests in Identifying Liver Fibrosis in Patients Co-Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Cristina Tural, Jordi Tor, Arantza Sanvisens, Núria Pérez–Alvarez, Elisenda Martínez, Isabel Ojanguren, Javier García–Samaniego, Juergen Rockstroh, Eva Barluenga, Robert Muga, Ramon Planas, Guillem Sirera, Celestino Rey–Joly, Bonaventura Clotet
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
Bayesian Models of Episodic Evolution Support a Late Precambrian Explosive Diversification of the Metazoa
Authors: Stéphane Aris-Brosou, Ziheng Yang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Multicellular animals, or Metazoa, appear in the fossil records between 575 and 509 million years ago (MYA). At odds with paleontological evidence, molecular estimates of basal metazoan divergences have been consistently older than 700 MYA. However, those date estimates were based on the molecular clock hypothesis, which is almost always violated. To relax this hypothesis, we have implemented a Bayesian approach to describe the change of evolutionary rate over time. Analysis of 22 genes from the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes under the molecular clock assumption produced old date estimates, similar to those from previous studies. However, by allowing rates to vary in time and by taking small species-sampling fractions into account, we obtained much younger estimates, broadly consistent with the fossil records. In particular, the date of protostome–deuterostome divergence was on average 582 ± 112 MYA. These results were found to be robust to specification of the model of rate change. The clock assumption thus had a dramatic effect on date estimation. However, our results appeared sensitive to the prior model of cladogenesis, although the oldest estimates (791 ± 246 MYA) were obtained under a suboptimal model. Bayes posterior estimates of evolutionary rates indicated at least one major burst of molecular evolution at the end of the Precambrian when protostomes and deuterostomes diverged. We stress the importance of assumptions about rates on date estimation and suggest that the large discrepancies between the molecular and fossil dates of metazoan divergences might partly be due to biases in molecular date estimation.
Letter: Intracranial venous thrombosis and the pill.
Authors: P N Holberton
Journal: BMJ (1973)

reference care of worried and "difficult" patients and the handling of particular problems such as the social and psychological management of terminal cases, we need the services of trained social workers whose jdb is primarily personal contact with the patient.We should value the essential and excellent help that they can give in overall patient care when encouraged in this func- tion by members of the medical profession who do not find their presence threatening.-We are, etc.,
Depression of Poison Ivy Skin Tests by Measles Vaccine
Authors: Ralph Blumhardt
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The degree of sensitivity to varying dilutions of a poison ivy antigen was established by patch tests in seven individuals. Administration of the live, attenuated measles virus vaccine (Schwarz) to this small group of subjects resulted in a temporary reduction of sensitivity, most marked (33% of control values) between the third and sixth weeks postimmunization. At nine weeks, the sensitivity was returning to preimmunization levels. Five control subjects showed no change in their degree of sensitivity.
Quinidine-Sulfate-Induced Hypoplastic Anemia and Agranulocytosis
Authors: Uriel S. Barzel
Journal: JAMA (1967)

QUINIDINE - Sulfate-induced thrombocytopenia has been reported and extensively studied.<sup>1,2</sup>Cases in which hemolytic anemia<sup>3</sup>or leukopenia<sup>4</sup>accompanied thrombocytopenia have also been reported. This communication reports the development of hypoplastic anemia and agranulocytosis<i>without thrombocytopenia</i>following quinidine therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 36-year-old man (82064) was admitted to Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center on April 29, 1965, because of pancytopenia and fever. History revealed correction of strabismus at the age of 2 years, pneumonia at the age of 15, infectious mononucleosis at the age of 26, and varicose vein stripping from both lower extremities at the age of 27. There was no history of allergy, heart disease, or hematologic disorder. The family history was normal. On Nov 30, 1964, acute ventricular tachycardia developed that required direct-current shock conversion for control. He was given procainamide hydrochloride, 250 mg four times daily, in the hospital and after discharge. On
Transvenous liver biopsy (TVLB) in fulminant, subfulminant and severe acute hepatic failure
Authors: J GOURNAY
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

In the detoxifying bacteriumAcinetobacter calcoaceticus69-V and in the acetic acid bacteriumAcetobacter methanolicusMB 58, glucose and xylose are oxidized, respectively, via PQQ-dependent membrane-bound dehydrogenases, which are linked to the respiratory chain in a manner enabling energy conservation via electron transport phosphorylation (ETP) in the cytoplasmic membrane. Neither the glucose and gluconic acid nor the xylose and xylonic acid are metabolized. Therefore, measurements of sugar oxidation-driven ATP syntheses ought not to be disturbed by ATP drainage caused by anabolic processes. Studying the effect of substituted phenolic compounds on these energization processes reveals that their toxicity increases with an increasing degree of chlorination and thatA. calcoaceticus69-V is more stable thanA. methanolicusMB 58 against chlorinated phenols. On the other hand,A. methanolicusMB 58 is more stable against 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), especially in the acidic pH range, in which the sensitivity of ATP synthesis to the uncouplers is higher than that of respiration. The toxicity caused by protonophoric activities ought to be barely detectable by respiratory and dehydrogenase tests. The luminescence system ofPhotobacterium phosphoreumtested in the luminescent bacteria test was much more sensitive. This test system should be used as a screening tool and the effects measured must be confirmed by toxicity tests evaluating the stability of bacteria themselves involved in processes of detoxification as well as the production of toxic metabolites, monitored with respect to their velocity and efficiency.
Confidentiality and Privileged Communication
Authors: Neil L. Chayet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE murder of 8 student nurses in Chicago and the slaughter of 15 persons in Dallas share many common elements, not the least of which is the significant involvement of the medical profession. In the nurses case it was a physician who was responsible for the apprehension of Richard Speck, calling the police after he noticed a resemblance to the composite sketch of the suspected killer and the tattoo, "Born to Raise Hell." In Dallas a psychiatrist became the subject of a national discussion when he let it be known that Charles Whitman had given expression to a fantasy of . . .
Leukotriene D4 activates a chloride conductance in hepatocytes from lipopolysaccharide-treated rats.
Authors: X J Meng, M W Carruth, S A Weinman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Endotoxin (LPS) can cause hepatocellular injury under several circumstances, and leukotrienes have been implicated as a contributing factor. Since ion channel activation has been associated with cytotoxicity, the aim of this study was to determine the circumstances under which LPS and/or leukotrienes activate ionic conductances in hepatocytes. LPS treatment of rats increased Cl- conductance in hepatocytes from 232+/-42 to 1236+/-134 pS/pF. Voltage dependence and inhibitor specificity of this conductance were similar to that of a swelling-activated Cl- conductance, and internal dialysis with nucleoside analogues suggested control by an inhibitory G protein. The lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid, the specific leukotriene D4 (LTD4) receptor antagonist MK-571, and the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein inhibitor MK-886 all significantly inhibited the conductance. Intracellular dialysis with LTD4 (1.5 microM) elevated intracellular Ca2+ from 143+/-6.5 to 388+/-114 nM within 6 min and stimulated an outwardly rectifying conductance from 642+/-159 to 1669+/-224 pS/pF (n = 9, P < 0.001). In hepatocytes prepared from untreated rats, this concentration of intracellular LTD4 neither raised intracellular Ca2+ nor activated the conductance. The LTD4 response could be induced in normal hepatocytes by culture with either conditioned medium from LPS-treated macrophages or purified TNF-alpha. In conclusion, intracellular LTD4 activates a chloride conductance in hepatocytes isolated from rats treated with LPS or primed in vitro with TNF-alpha. Changes in the hepatocellular accumulation of leukotrienes therefore mediate channel activation and may contribute to liver injury during sepsis and other inflammatory conditions.
Validation of a regression model to accurately determine the effects of ipsilateral critical carotid stenosis on contralateral duplex carotid velocities
Authors: Obinna Obinwa, Cliodhna Browne, Lorraine Byrne, Mary Dillion, Tara Coughlan, Des O'Neil, Dominick McCabe, Ronan Collins, Bridget Egan, Martin Feeley, Sean Tierney
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2012)
False-Positive Meckel’s Study in an Ectopic Pelvic Kidney
Authors: ERNO J. GYETVAI, EDDY Q. PHO, DAVID K. SHELTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 30-year-old man with recurrent episodes of hematochezia underwent a Tc-99m pertechnetate study that showed, on anterior imaging, increased radiotracer accumulation just to the right of the midline in the anterior pelvis, near the aortic bifurcation into the common iliac arteries. However, during image acquisition, this abnormal accumulation of radiotracer diminished as the urinary bladder enlarged. The focal radiotracer accumulation was located in an ectopic right kidney within the true pelvis, which was confirmed by CT imaging. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: Sequential imaging of the abdomen after administration of Tc-99m pertechnetate shows rapid accumulation of radiotracer within the pelvis near the midline (arrow), with subsequent washout of radiotracer with time.FIGURE 2Fig. 2: A contrast-enhanced CT of the pelvis shows an ectopic pelvic right kidney (white arrows) (1–4).
Sodium-hydrogen exchange in the cardiovascular system: an introduction to the spotlight issue
Authors: M. Karmazyn, O. Frohlich
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Sodium-hydrogen exchange in the cardiovascular system: an introduction to the spotlight issue Get access Morris Karmazyn, Morris Karmazyn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Otto Frohlich Otto Frohlich Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 29, Issue 2, February 1995, Page 146, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88561-0 Published: 01 February 1995
Keratinocytes suppress transforming growth factor-β1 expression by fibroblasts in cultured skin substitutes
Authors: None LE POOLE, None BOYCE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 is a multipotent growth factor with an important role in tissue homeostasis. This growth factor regulates cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and differentiation, as well as extracellular matrix deposition. The temporal secretion and activation of latent TGF‐β1 is thus of major importance to physiological and pathological processes and in wound healing and tumour formation. Cultured skin substitutes, as used to treat extensive acute or chronic skin wounds, offer an attractive model to investigate cellular interactions in cytokine and growth factor expression and response in vitro. In the present investigation, expression of TGF‐β1 was analysed in keratinocyte, fibroblast and melanocyte monolayer cultures, as well as in the dermal vs. epidermal components of reconstituted human skin. Immunohistology, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Northern blotting were used to demonstrate expression at the RNA and protein level. In the monolayer cultures, levels of TGF‐β1 synthesized by melanocytes were observed to be considerably elevated when compared with keratinocytes. Most TGF‐β1, however, was secreted by fibroblasts. The relative contribution of the epidermal and dermal components of the skin substitutes to overall TGF‐β1 levels was determined by comparing results obtained for either component in the presence and absence of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. From results obtained by ELISA it was apparent that TGF‐β1 levels generated predominantly by fibroblasts within the skin substitutes were greatly reduced over time in the presence of keratinocytes. Suppression of fibroblast TGF‐β1 expression in the presence of keratinocytes was also demonstrable at the RNA level by Northern blotting. Results obtained by immunohistochemistry suggest that most, if not all, of the growth factor was present in the latent form. It is therefore most likely that the observed effect results from a factor secreted by keratinocytes, which is capable of suppressing TGF‐β1 synthesis by fibroblasts. These results suggest that expression of TGF‐β1 by fibroblasts is downregulated by paracrine actions of keratinocytes in healing skin.
SCINTIGRAPHIC IMAGING OF NEUROBLASTOMA WITH [131I]IODOBENZYLGUANIDINE
Authors: J. Treuner, U. Feine, D. Niethammer, W. Muller-Schaumburg, J. Meinke, E. Eibach, R. Dopfer, TH. Klingebiel, None Grumbach
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Hypopituitarism after Tuberculous Meningitis in Childhood
Authors: Karen S. L. Lam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To study the prevalence and pathogenesis of hypopituitarism following tuberculous meningitis in childhood.A retrospective cross-sectional study.A university teaching hospital and a tuberculosis referral center.Forty-nine patients, aged 23.4 +/- 6.0 years (mean +/- SD), who had tuberculous meningitis in childhood (age at diagnosis, 5.9 +/- 5.0 years) were studied.A detailed assessment of hypothalamic-pituitary function, including conventional stimulation tests and responses to four hypothalamic releasing hormones, was done. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hypothalamic-pituitary region was performed in patients with abnormal endocrine function.Ten patients were found to have abnormal pituitary function: Seven had growth hormone deficiency, four of whom also had gonadotropin deficiency; the other three had gonadotropin deficiency, corticotropin deficiency, and mild hyperprolactinemia, respectively; none had diabetes insipidus. Among those with growth hormone deficiency, a significant correlation (r = 0.749, P < 0.05) was found between the height standard deviation score and the age at diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Growth hormone, corticotropin, and gonadotropin responses to growth hormone releasing hormone, corticotropin releasing hormone, and gonadotropin releasing hormone, respectively, suggested a hypothalamic defect in five patients. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the hypothalamic-pituitary region were abnormal in five patients.Hypopituitarism was documented in 20% of a small subset of patients years after recovery from tuberculous meningitis in childhood. The cause appears to be tuberculous lesions affecting the hypothalamus, pituitary stalk and, directly or indirectly, the pituitary itself. Early recognition and treatment can be beneficial.
Assessing the Remedy: The Case for Contracts in Clinical Trials
Authors: Sarah J. L. Edwards
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Current orthodoxy in research ethics assumes that subjects of clinical trials reserve rights to withdraw at any time and without giving any reason. This view sees the right to withdraw as a simple extension of the right to refuse to participate all together. In this paper, however, I suggest that subjects should assume some responsibilities for the internal validity of the trial at consent and that these responsibilities should be captured by contract. This would allow the researcher to impose a penalty on the subject if he were to withdraw without good reason and on a whim. This proposal still leaves open the possibility of withdrawing without penalty when it is in the subject's best interests to do so. Giving researchers recourse to legal remedy may now be necessary to protect the science, as existing methods used to increase retention are inadequate for one reason or another.
Thromboembolism in Patients Receiving Progestational Drugs
Authors: D. L. Reed, W. W. Coon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

ORALLY active derivatives of progesterone and 19-norsteroids are of use in prevention of conception and in the treatment of several gynecologic disorders. These drugs have been in clinical use for more than six years and are being taken by nearly 1,000,000 women.1 Very few side effects arising from the use of these agents have been reported in the American medical literature. The British Family Planning Association has recently described 5 women in whom thromboembolic phenomena developed while they were receiving norethynodrel and ethynylestradiol-3-methyl ether (Enovid), hereafter referred to as norethynodrel. Four of these women had had prior phlebothrombosis during pregnancy. . . .
A polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate composite scaffold as an autograft-free spinal fusion cage in a sheep model
Authors: Yi Li, Zhi-gang Wu, Xiao-kang Li, Zheng Guo, Su-hua Wu, Yong-quan Zhang, Lei Shi, Swee-hin Teoh, Yu-chun Liu, Zhi-yong Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Malonyl coenzyme A and the regulation of functional carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 activity and fat oxidation in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Blake B. Rasmussen, Ulf C. Holmbäck, Elena Volpi, Beatrice Morio-Liondore, Douglas Paddon-Jones, Robert R. Wolfe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Physiological hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia reduces fat oxidation in skeletal muscle. The mechanism responsible for this decrease in fat oxidation in human muscle is not known and may contribute to the development of insulin resistance. We hypothesized that the transfer of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) into the mitochondria via carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) is inhibited by increased malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) (a known potent inhibitor of CPT-1) in human muscle during hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia. We studied six healthy subjects after an overnight fast and during an induced 5-hour period of hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia. Muscle fatty acid oxidation was calculated using stable isotope methodology combined with blood sampling from the femoral artery and vein of one leg. Muscle functional CPT-1 activity was assessed by concurrently infusing an LCFA tracer and a CPT-independent medium-chain fatty acid tracer. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis after the periods of fasting and hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia. Hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia decreased LCFA oxidation, but had no effect on LCFA uptake or medium-chain fatty acid oxidation across the leg. Malonyl-CoA concentration significantly increased from 0.13 ± 0.01 to 0.35 ± 0.07 nmol/g during hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia. We conclude that hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia increases malonyl-CoA, inhibits functional CPT-1 activity, and shunts LCFA away from oxidation and toward storage in human muscle.
Comparative Effect of Pethidine, Trichloroethylene, and Entonox on Fetal and Neonatal Acid-Base and Po2
Authors: T. J. Phillips, R. R. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The second stage of labour is associated with relative fetal hypoxia and progressive metabolic acidosis. Maternal analgesia can increase the danger, especially for the high-risk fetus. In 152 patients the effect on the fetus of pethidine alone, pethidine + trichloroethylene, or pethidine + Entonox was assessed by fetal scalp blood sampling. Fetal pH, Pco<sub>2</sub>, and Po<sub>2</sub> were measured and base excess was calculated. Capillary samples were also taken 45 to 60 minutes after birth in 88 of the babies to estimate the rate of neonatal recovery. Entonox proved safer than trichloroethylene, and babies treated with it maintained their Po<sub>2</sub> before birth, had better Apgar scores at birth, and one hour later were significantly less acidotic and much better oxygenated.