tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A174: JIA-Associated SNPs From Non-Coding Regions Are Located Within or Adjacent to Functional Genomic Elements of Human Neutrophils
Authors: James N. Jarvis, Kaiyu Jiang, Tao Liu, Michael Buck, Bradley Carrier, Yanmin Chen
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

The recent completion of a large genome-wide associate study (GWAS) for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) revealed multiple genomic regions conferring disease risk (Nature Genet 2013). However, as is typical of most GWAS, the majority of disease-associated SNPs occurred in noncoding regions of the genome, either in intergenic regions or introns. This finding suggests, therefore, that disease risk for JIA resides in the control and coordination of transcription, rather than in malfunction of genetically-altered proteins. This study was undertaken, therefore, to identify functional elements that might be associated with the identified, disease-associated SNPs in polyarticular, RF-negative JIA.



Methods:

We first generated a genome wide map of histone marks associated with enhancer elements in healthy adult neutrophils. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation/sequencing (ChIPseq) approaches, we mapped the histone marks associated with poised (H3K4me1+/H3K27ac−) or active (H3K4me1+/H3K27ac+) enhancers to the GRCh37/hg19 genome assembly. In addition, we performed paired-end RNA sequencing on neutrophils from 5 children with newly diagnosed, untreated polyarticular, RF-negative JIA and mapped reads to the same human genome assembly. These results were used to interrogate ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics data; we used the UCSC Genome browser to interrogate the 22 polyarticular JIA associated SNPs from non-coding regions genome identified by Hicks et al (Nature Genet 2013) as conferring risk for polyarticular JIA.



Results:

Using the approach above, we ascertained that there are functional elements in neutrophil genomes in or adjacent to 13 of the 22 SNP regions identified by Hicks et al. Enhancer elements were the most frequently identified functional elements in this study, with 9 potentially active (H3K4me1+/H3K27ac+) and 3 additional potentially poised enhancers identified. We also identified 4 non-coding transcripts within the SNP regions. Four of these regions (e.g., both of the SNPs around C5orf56-IRF1) contained both non-coding RNA transcripts and enhancer elements. It was also interesting to note abundant intronic transcription in other genes relevant to inflammation/immunity but not otherwise known to confer genetic risk e.g., CD36.



Conclusion:

Regions of known genetic risk for polyarticular JIA are rich with functional elements that are believed to regulate and coordinate transcription in human neutrophils. These data provide a new framework from which to understand genetic risk and disease pathogenesis in JIA, and suggest that transcriptional regulation and coordination may be a process that is fundamentally perturbed in this disease.
Arsenic poisons 220 000 in India
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (1996)

At least 220 000 inhabitants of India's West Bengal state have symptoms of arsenic poisoning, in what is being called the “biggest arsenic calamity in the world.” A report on arsenic toxicity resulting from groundwater contamination says that the number of people affected in the eastern Indian state is much higher than previously estimated.

The report (Current Science 1996;70:976-86), based on an eight year survey of the region, says that over one million people in 560 villages are consuming groundwater …
BAROREFLEX HYPERTENSION THERAPY IMPROVES CARDIAC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN RESISTANT HYPERTENSION: RESULTS FROM THE PIVOTAL TRIAL OF THE RHEOS SYSTEM
Authors: John D. Bisognano, George L. Bakris, Mitra K. Nadim, Luis A. Sanchez, Domenic A. Sica
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Extended metabolic evaluation of suspected symptomatic hypoglycemia: the prolonged fast and beyond
Authors: Maarten R. Soeters, Hidde H. Huidekoper, Marinus Duran, Mariëtte T. Ackermans, Erik Endert, Eric Fliers, Frits A. Wijburg, Ronald J. Wanders, Hans P. Sauerwein, Mireille J. Serlie
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Lung function improvements with twice-daily aclidinium/formoterol fixed-dose combination in two 24-week studies in patients with COPD
Authors: Dave Singh, Anthony D'Urzo, Paul Jones, Cristina Serra, Victor Mergel, Cynthia Caracta, Anne Leselbaum
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

BACKGROUND: Fixed-dose combinations (FDC) of different bronchodilators improve lung function through complementary mechanisms.  AIM: To assess bronchodilation with an FDC comprising aclidinium bromide and formoterol fumarate in patients with moderate to severe COPD.  METHODS: In 2 phase 3 trials, ACLIFORM COPD (S1) and AUGMENT COPD (S2), patients were randomized to 24 weeks of twice-daily inhaled aclidinium/formoterol 400µg/12µg (FDC 400/12), 400µg/6µg (FDC 400/6), aclidinium 400µg (ACL), formoterol 12µg (FOR), or placebo (PBO). Lung function coprimary outcomes were change from baseline to week 24 for 1-hr morning postdose FEV 1  (FDC vs ACL) and morning predose (trough) FEV 1  (FDC vs FOR).  RESULTS: Baseline mean FEV 1  were 1.38L (S1) and 1.36L (S2) (54.2% and 53.5% predicted). At the first time point assessed, treatment with either FDC resulted in significant improvements in the coprimary endpoints that were generally maintained at study end (Table). Each FDC showed clinically significant improvements in both endpoints vs PBO that were evident as early as 5 min postdose on day 1 (range: 100–128 mL, p  CONCLUSIONS: Fixed-dose combination of aclidinium/formoterol showed rapid and sustained improvements in bronchodilation compared with each monotherapy and placebo, with numerically greater improvements observed with FDC 400/12 vs FDC 400/6.
Inflammatory Processes Triggered by <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection Cause Aberrant DNA Methylation in Gastric Epithelial Cells
Authors: Tohru Niwa, Tetsuya Tsukamoto, Takeshi Toyoda, Akiko Mori, Harunari Tanaka, Takao Maekita, Masao Ichinose, Masae Tatematsu, Toshikazu Ushijima
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Altered patterns of DNA methylation associated with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection of gastric epithelial cells are thought to contribute to gastric cancer risk. However, it is unclear whether this increased risk reflects an infection-associated inflammatory response or the infection itself. In this study, we sought to clarify mechanisms in a gerbil model of gastric cancer where we showed that HP infection is causally involved in induction of aberrant DNA methylation. By genome-wide screening, CpG islands that were aberrantly methylated in gerbil gastric cancer cell lines were isolated, and 10 islands were shown to be specifically methylated only in gastric mucosae infected with HP. By temporal analysis, methylation levels in gastric epithelial cells started to increase at 5 to 10 weeks after infection and reached high levels by 50 weeks. When HP was eradicated, methylation levels markedly decreased 10 and 20 weeks later, but they remained higher than those in gerbils that were not infected by HP. Expression levels of several inflammation-related genes (CXCL2, IL-1beta, NOS2, and TNF-alpha) paralleled the temporal changes of methylation levels. Significantly suppressing inflammation with the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A did not affect colonization by HP but blocked the induction of altered DNA methylation. Our findings argue that DNA methylation alterations that occur in gastric mucosae after HP infection are composed of transient components and permanent components, and that it is the infection-associated inflammatory response, rather than HP itself, which is responsible for inducing the altered DNA methylation.
Percutaneous Selective Hepatic Artery Infusion in Metastatic Carcinoma of the Liver.
Authors: I. L. Bunnell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Percutaneous Selective Hepatic Artery Infusion in Metastatic Carcinoma of the Liver.I. L. Bunnell, M.D., F.A.C.P., R. G. Cooper, M.D., D. C. Greene, M.D., F.A.C.P., R. N. TandonI. L. Bunnell, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, R. G. Cooper, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, D. C. Greene, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, R. N. TandonSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-799_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSelective and subselective arterial catheterization of the celiac axis and the hepatic artery have been applied to the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the liver in patients who have failed to maintain a clinical remission on intravenous treatment with 5-fluorouracil or other antimetabolites. A catheter was inserted percutaneously into a femoral artery and manipulated into the hepatic artery or its parent vessel. In 3 of 30 patients the main hepatic artery arose from the superior mesenteric artery and in the remainder, from the celiac axis. The catheter was fixed in place by a skin suture and left indwelling for 7... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Buffalo, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 799-799KeywordsArteriesCatheterizationCathetersFemoral arteriesLiverMesenteric arteries Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Image and reality: drugs for the future.
Authors: T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Publications on serological tests for syphilis serology are littered with initials and acronyms, and there may be more to come.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay7 (ELISA) has been shown in preliminary studies to be relatively quick and simple, equivalent in specificity to the fluorescent antibody (absorbed) test, but more work is needed before it can be brought into routine clinical practice.The same may be said of the solid-phase haemadsorption test for IgM antibodies, which has recently been developed.8Some workers have reported that the test is highly specific for IgM antibodies to T pallidum, easy to do, and inexpensive9; others have found that the test is unreliable in comparison with other tests for IgM antibodies.6Reagin tests seem likely to continue to be generally used in the foreseeable future, with increased use being made of automated procedures for both reagin and specific tests.Nevertheless, it is as true today as it was in 1906 that the accurate diagnosis of syphilis, though greatly helped by laboratory aids, is ultimately based on a thorough history and clinical examination.
Precocious Pubescence — Iatrogenic
Authors: Henry A. Plantier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

A GRAPHIC example of the toxic and undesirable side effects of a "new wonder drug" is here presented.Case ReportA 4 1/2-year-old Portuguese boy was admitted to the Boston Floating Hospital because of sexual precocity. He had been in good health and was of average growth and development until 3 months previously, when his voice became coarse and dark facial and body hair developed. During this period he gained approximately 6.8 kg. (15 pounds) in weight and 10 cm. in height. Phallic enlargement and frequent erections without emissions were noted. He became more aggressive, and his appetite was voracious. . . .
VEGF Mediates Commissural Axon Chemoattraction through Its Receptor Flk1
Authors: Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar, Pierre J. Fabre, Ellen Knevels, Cathy Coulon, Inmaculada Segura, Patrick C.G. Haddick, Liesbeth Aerts, Nicolas Delattin, Geraldine Strasser, Won-Jong Oh, Christian Lange, Stefan Vinckier, Jody Haigh, Coralie Fouquet, Chengua Gu, Kari Alitalo, Valerie Castellani, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Alain Chedotal, Frederic Charron, Peter Carmeliet
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Medicine needs its MI5
Authors: D. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The time is long overdue to add another arm to the policing of medicine. In this article I suggest changes to lever out of the profession the small minority of doctors who would be guilty of serious misconduct, to the benefit of patients and practitioners alike. On the evidence, most of them might currently reasonably expect to escape either exposure or sanction, for various reasons. We need an organisation that would employ informants and agents, run anonymous telephone “tipoff lines,” hire undercover investigators, and use for example, secret recording devices and cameras. Readers who feel that this sort of life should be limited to west Belfast in the 1980s have an understandable case. Such an investigatory recipe might have been even more indigestible six months ago, before Professor David Southall revealed that he had secretly installed hidden cameras in the paediatric wards of the Royal Brompton and North Staffordshire Hospitals. His results—38/39 cases of suspected infant child abuse resulting in care orders and 33/39 in criminal prosecution—both speak for themselves and explain why there was no press backlash to suggest that Southall and his team had breached sacrosanct clinical principles. Read what follows with that in mind.

My proposals are based on personal experience of bringing unethical practitioners before the General Medical Council (GMC) and of acting against unqualified “quacks” at the disreputable end of alternative medicine. All of the four complaints that I have taken to the council have resulted in the practitioner concerned leaving the medical register for life—three practitioners by order of the council's professional conduct committee, one voluntarily. The record of Dr Frank Wells and Peter Jay, who run Medicolegal Investigations (a private medical investigations company), is far more impressive. By last July 17/17 complaints brought to the council by Wells and Jay had resulted in …
Heparin and Thrombocytopenia
Authors: R. A. SEARCY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1977Heparin and ThrombocytopeniaR. A. SEARCY, M.D., RICHARD N. MARPLE, M.D.R. A. SEARCY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD N. MARPLE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-3-364_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A timely paper by Bell, Tomasulo, Alving, and Duffy (Ann Intern Med 85:155-160, 1976) was very helpful to us in the care of a patient who had recently undergone double vein-bypass coronary-artery surgery.This 56-year-old, white man was admitted to the cardiology service with a 1-year history of intractable angina, unresponsive to medical therapy. Coronary-artery surgery showed extensive three-vessel disease; and the patient subsequently underwent double vein-bypass surgery with less than satisfactory results. Preoperative coagulation data were within normal limits. After surgery the patient was found to have an intraoperative myocardial infarction, as evidenced by increasing enzyme...Reference1. BELLTOMASULOALVING WPB: Thrombocytopenia occurring during the administration of heparin. Ann Intern Med 85:155-160, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Internal Medicine Department St. John's Medical Center 1923 South Utica Avenue Tulsa, OK 74104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAcute Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis.Heparin-Associated ThrombocytopeniaDEREK J. KING, M.B., JOHN G. KELTON, M.D.Heparin-Associated Thrombocytopenia: A Comparison of Three Heparin PreparationsHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia and recurrent thromboembolismThe effect of low-dose heparin therapy on serum platelet and transaminase levels 1 March 1977Volume 86, Issue 3Page: 364-364KeywordsAnginaEnzymesHeparinMyocardial infarctionPatientsSurgery Issue Published: 1 March 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Erythropoietin Assay and Ferrokinetic Measurements in Anemic Uremic Patients
Authors: Dean L. Mann
Journal: JAMA (1965)

INVESTIGATION of humoral regulation of erythropoiesis has broadened insight into various clinical disorders of red blood cell (RBC) production. 1,2 Significant observations 3 have clarified, in part, the pathogenesis of the erythroid failure associated with chronic renal insufficiency. Nonetheless, the complete explanation for this apparently unique abnormality remains uncertain. In the present study, ferrokinetic measurements and plasma erythropoietin assays were undertaken in eight anemic uremic patients before and after the amelioration of the uremic state by peritoneal dialysis.  Methods and Results  Clinical data are presented in Table 1. Hematocrit readings, hemoglobin levels, reticulocyte counts, 4 blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine levels were determined prior to and following peritoneal dialysis. Dialysis was performed by the intraperitoneal method 5 with a commercially available dialysing solution (Peridial) to which 4 mEq of potassium chloride per liter was added. A course of peritoneal dialysis consisted of an exchange of an average of 42
A RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF SIROLIMUS- VERSUS PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENT FOR TREATMENT OF BIFURCATION LESIONS BY SINGLE STENT AND KISSING BALLOONING: RESULTS OF SINGLE KISS TRIAL
Authors: Kenya Nasu, Yuji Oikawa, Tadanori Aizawa, Takahiko Suzuki, None Single Kiss Trial Investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Growth hormone releasing peptide (ghrelin) is synthesized and secreted by cardiomyocytes
Authors: María J Iglesias, Roberto Piñeiro, Montserrat Blanco, Rosalía Gallego, Carlos Diéguez, Oreste Gualillo, José R González-Juanatey, Francisca Lago
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Objective: Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), acts on the pituitary and the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of growth hormone (GH) and promotes appetite and adiposity. It has also been reported to increase myocardial contractility, induce vasodilation, and protect against myocardial-infarction-induced heart failure. Though principally gastric in origin, it is also produced by other tissues. This work investigated whether cardiomyocytes synthesize and secrete ghrelin, and how its production in these cells responds to stress and exogenous apoptotic agents. Methods: Ghrelin and its receptor expression was studied by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and competitive binding studies in mouse adult cardiomyocyte cell line HL-1, and primary cultured human cardiomyocytes. Ghrelin accumulation in cardiomyocyte culture medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. Viability and apoptosis assays were carried on by MTT and Hoechst dye vital staining, respectively. Results: RT-PCR showed that HL-1 cells produce mRNAs for both ghrelin and GHS-R, and that GHS-R1a is expressed in human cardiomyocytes; and competitive binding studies using 125I-labelled ghrelin showed efficient constitutive expression of GHS-R at the surface of HL-1 cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of ghrelin in the cytoplasm of HL-1 cells and of isolated human cardiomyocytes in primary culture. Radioimmunoassay showed that ghrelin was secreted by HL-1 cells and human cardiomyocytes into the culture medium. Ghrelin did not modify the viability of HL-1 cells subjected to 12-h starvation, but did protect against the apoptosis inducer cytosine arabinoside (AraC). Finally, production of ghrelin mRNA in HL-1 cardiomyocytes was reduced by AraC but increased if exposure to AraC was preceded by GH treatment. Conclusions: Ghrelin is synthesized and secreted by isolated murine and human cardiomyocytes, probably with paracrine/autocrine effects, and may be involved in protecting these cells from apoptosis.
ISOLATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI 0157:H7 FROM DAIRY CATTLE ASSOCIATED WITH TWO CASES OF HAEMOLYTIC URAEMIC SYNDROME
Authors: M Louise Martin, LarryD Shipman, MorrisE Potter, I Kaye Wachsmuth, JoyG Wells, Katrina Hedberg, RobertV Tauxe, JeffreyP Davis, Joan Arnoldi, John Tilleli
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Evolving Partnerships in Community
Authors: Shobha Srinivasan, Gwen W. Collman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

In recent years there have been a significant number of publications on the benefits and challenges of community-based participatory research (CBPR). In this introduction we give an overview of three projects presented in this mini-monograph and highlight their commonalities and differences in developing community-university partnerships. While the studies presented here were not required to use CBPR strategies in their work, they did engage community members in a participatory manner. In this mini-monograph we examine how these multifaceted research questions are addressed while simultaneously negotiating complex relationships among researchers and communities as they strive for a more equitable partnership--not only in the distribution of resources but also in power/authority, the process of research, and its outcome. The three papers in this mini-monograph offer insights into various ways of forming, working, and sustaining community-university partnerships in conducting CBPR. They illustrate both the potential benefits and some of the challenges involved with establishing partnerships between community groups and researchers committed to the mutual goal of promoting environmental health. They suggest the importance of nonprescriptive frameworks for conducting community-based participatory research that focuses on more equitable power relationships to address health disparities to help alleviate environmental health problems.
Comparison of the Insulin and Electrical Stimulation Tests for Completeness of Vagotomy
Authors: J. P. Lythgoe
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Vagotomy combined with a drainage procedure or limited gastrectomy has an established place in the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer.One of the problems associated with this operation is the difficulty of achieving a complete vagotomy in every case.Thus Camp and Dragstedt (1948) reported incomplete vagotomy in l0°,, of their cases.Holt and Robinson
Improving Drug Use in Elderly Patients
Authors: Jerry Avorn
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal