tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial energy production and consumption remain balanced during positive inotropic stimulation when coronary flow is restricted to basal rates in rabbit heart.
Authors: R C Marshall, W W Nash, M M Bersohn, G A Wong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The effect on myocardial energy balance of increasing oxygen demand without altering basal myocardial perfusion rate was assessed in isolated, isovolumic, retrograde blood perfused rabbit hearts. Myocardial energy requirements were increased with paired stimulation. The capacity of rapid paired stimulation to increase mechanical energy consumption was demonstrated in the presence of increased perfusion with the rate X pressure product and oxygen consumption increasing 86 and 148%, respectively, compared with control values. In contrast, rapid paired stimulation under constant, basal flow conditions did not alter the rate X pressure product, while oxygen extraction and consumption increased only 40% relative to control. Myocardial ATP, creatine-phosphate, and lactate content were identical under control and constant flow-paired stimulation conditions. The results of this study indicate that no detectable energy imbalance was produced by rapid paired stimulation with flow held constant at basal rates. These results suggest that the myocardium does not increase mechanical energy expenditure in response to inotropic or rate stimulation in the presence of restricted flow reserve and are inconsistent with the concept of "demand-induced" or "relative" myocardial ischemia.
Altitude and Maximum Performance in Work and Sports Activity
Authors: Bruno Balke
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To what extent elevations of around 7,000 feet affect sports performance has been a topic for speculation and inquiry. Predictions based on experimental experiences at altitudes above 10,000 feet were closely verified in recent studies. Performance capabilities in events requiring relatively short bursts of energy expenditure were unaltered. Oxygen debt capacity was not affected; however, duration of recovery was expanded. Maximum physical efforts of about one minute or more showed manifest reductions of "normal" performance levels in running, swimming, and on the bicycle ergometer. Ten days of continued training improved but did not completely normalize performances. The decision to hold the Olympic Games of 1968 in Mexico City, a city with an elevation of around 2,250 meters (nearly one-half mile higher than Denver) has created a public interest in effects of higher altitudes on physical performance capabilities. Mountaineers, skiers, hunters, lumberjacks, and miners had been confronted with this problem for
Elucidating the role of interleukin-17F in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Thorbjørn Krejsgaard, Ivan V. Litvinov, Yang Wang, Lixin Xia, Andreas Willerslev-Olsen, Sergei B. Koralov, Katharina L. Kopp, Charlotte M. Bonefeld, Mariusz A. Wasik, Carsten Geisler, Anders Woetmann, Youwen Zhou, Denis Sasseville, Niels Odum
Journal: Blood (2013)
Hypersensitivity reactions to anticoagulant drugs: diagnosis and management options
Authors: A. J. Bircher, T. Harr, L. Hohenstein, D. A. Tsakiris
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Anticoagulants, including heparins, coumarins, hirudins, and some of the previously used plasma volume expanders, belong to the most widely used drugs. Hypersensitivity reactions from these agents are uncommon. However, they may have a considerable impact on patient safety and treatment decisions. Therefore, early diagnosis of potentially life‐threatening adverse events and identification of alternatives is clinically important. This review contains an update on current knowledge about hypersensitivity reactions caused by the different anticoagulants. In addition, it discusses pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnostic possibilities, and management options. The most common hypersensitivity reactions are erythematous plaques, occurring with a delay after subcutaneous application of heparins. Seldom they turn into maculopapular exanthema. Other hypersensitivity reactions are rare but may be life‐threatening, e.g. skin necrosis because of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. Skin and provocation tests with immediate and late readings are the most reliable diagnostic tools for heparin‐ or hirudin‐induced urticaria/anaphylaxis or heparin‐induced delayed plaques. If necrosis from heparins or coumarins is suspected, skin tests are contraindicated. In anaphylactic reactions caused by dextrans or hydroxyethyl starch skin tests are useless. Most in vitro tests have a low sensitivity and are not generally available. Therefore, in some anticoagulant‐associated hypersensitivity reactions detailed allergologic investigation may help to identify safe treatment alternatives. However, several tests may be needed, and the procedures are usually time‐consuming.
Changes in demand for initial medical care in general practice and hospital accident and emergency departments.
Authors: J M Watson, E T Robinson, K A Harden, R L Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The disparity of views and conclusions is probably due to difficulties experienced in assessing hearing loss in Paget's disease.Interestingly, the overall change after three years in total loss of high-frequency air conduction and in total air-bone gap was very small.This suggests that the evolution of deafness in these patients is extremely gradual.Although calcitonin cannot be regarded as effective in Pagetoid deafness, the rate of evolution of the hearing loss is sufficiently slow to reassure the patient.
War veterans lose compensation battle
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

British war veterans who say they have post-traumatic stress disorder are considering an appeal after losing a £100m ($164m; ‡138m) compensation claim against the Ministry of Defence in the High Court last week.

Lawyers said only a few of the 2000 claimants would be able to go ahead with their claims after Mr Justice Owen rejected their arguments that the ministry had breached its duty of care in its system for dealing with service personnel with the disorder.

The group action by soldiers who fought in the Falkland Islands, Northern Ireland, the Persian Gulf, and Bosnia accused …
Reducing risks in the sudden infant death syndrome.
Authors: D. P. Davies, M. Gantley, A. Murcott
Journal: BMJ (1992)

by the authors are prerequisites for any major collaborative audit, and the enthusiasm with which general practitioners in Manchester have accepted the task of improving their standards in the care of diabetes, in collaboration with consultant colleagues, suggests great achievements ahead.We have similar schemes for antenatal care, hypertension, and radiology as well as for facilitating audit in individual practices.Of course, as the authors identified, this work raises educational needs, and we are addressing these.My argument with Berwick and colleagues is that, in the longer term, quality and outcomes as assessed by patients will be seen as clear objectives and that formal audit, though the main tool, may not be all that medical audit advisory groups find themselves asked to do.Already practices are asking for help with organisation and management as well as audit.Perhaps by the end of the decade we shall be restyling ourselves medical quality management groups.
Characterization of tumour cells in concomitant chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and acute monocytic leukaemia
Authors: P. B. Adams, J. C. Ding, I. A. Cooper, F. N. Cornell
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

A 68-year-old woman presented with haematological changes of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and acute monocytic leukaemia. This diagnosis was confirmed by identification of cell surface markers for T and B lymphocytes and the identification of abnormal immunoglobulins and lysozyme in serum and urine.
A Study of Induced Hyponatremia in the Prevention and Treatment of Sickle-Cell Crisis
Authors: R M Rosa, B E Bierer, R Thomas, J S Stoff, M Kruskall, S Robinson, H F Bunn, F H Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Because the formation of sickle cells is dependent on the intracellular concentration of deoxyhemoglobin S, we investigated the possibility of altering or preventing sickle-cell crises by reducing serum sodium so as to cause red cells to swell. In three patients with sickle-cell anemia who had been disabled by recurrent painful crises, sustained dilutional hyponatremia was induced by 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in combination with a high fluid intake. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration fell, and the degree of sickling at low partial oxygen pressure was reduced, as determined by morphologic criteria and by increased oxygen affinity of blood. Chronic hyponatremia (serum sodium, 120 to 125 mmol per liter) reduced the frequency of painful crises, whereas acutely induced hyponatremia abbreviated the duration of crises. These results, although preliminary, are encouraging enough to warrant further study of the safety and effectiveness of induced hyponatremia in the prevention and treatment of sickle-cell crises.
Familial Occurrence of Asthma, Nasal Polyps, and Aspirin Intolerance
Authors: RICHARD F. LOCKEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Four members of a Mennonite family, three of whom were first cousins, had asthma, nasal polyps, and aspirin-induced wheezing (ASA triad). One of the cousins, whose husband was also a member of the isolate, had a daughter with the ASA triad and an identical twin sister with allergic rhinitis and extrinsic asthma. The twin with the ASA triad and her husband shared common ancestors in the eighth ancestral generation. Two siblings of a non-Mennonite family also had the ASA triad. A third sibling had intrinsic asthma alone, which improved after the ingestion of aspirin. We are aware of only one previous report of the ASA triad in families. The presence of the ASA triad in these constellations of relatives suggests that it is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The discordance in the identical twins suggests that the phenotype is also influenced by environment.
John Baynes Searle
Authors: R. Searle
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former consultant anaesthetist southeast Kent (b Sheffield 1915; q University College Hospital 1941; DA, FFARCS), died peacefully on 17 December 2001.

John read anatomy, physiology, and zoology at Oxford before moving on to UCH. After qualifying he was a house officer in Sheffield before taking up active service in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve from 1942 to 1946. In 1947 he qualified in anaesthesia at Oxford. He was appointed consultant anaesthetist at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Folkstone, in 1950 and worked in the area until his retirement in 1984. A skilful innovator throughout his career, he was recognised for his success both in anaesthesia for the elderly and young patients and in improving the quality of anaesthetic equipment. He leaves a wife, Beryl; two sons; and four grandchildren.
Gene expression in macrophage-rich human atherosclerotic lesions. 15-lipoxygenase and acetyl low density lipoprotein receptor messenger RNA colocalize with oxidation specific lipid-protein adducts.
Authors: S Ylä-Herttuala, M E Rosenfeld, S Parthasarathy, E Sigal, T Särkioja, J L Witztum, D Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) exhibits several potentially atherogenic properties, and inhibition of LDL oxidation in rabbits decreases the rate of the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In vitro studies have suggested that cellular lipoxygenases may be involved in LDL oxidation, and we have shown previously that 15-lipoxygenase and oxidized LDL are present in rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. We now report that epitopes of oxidized LDL are also found in macrophage-rich areas of human fatty streaks as well as in more advanced human atherosclerotic lesions. Using in situ hybridization and immunostaining techniques, we also report that 15-lipoxygenase mRNA and protein colocalize to the same macrophage-rich areas. Moreover, these same lesions express abundant mRNA for the acetyl LDL receptor but no detectable mRNA for the LDL receptor. We suggest that atherogenesis in human arteries may be linked to macrophage-induced oxidative modification of LDL mediated by 15-lipoxygenase, leading to subsequent enhanced macrophage uptake, partly by way of the acetyl LDL receptor.
Toxicity of chlorinated aromatic compounds in animals and humans: in vitro approaches to toxic mechanisms and risk assessment.
Authors: W F Greenlee, R Osborne, K M Dold, L G Hudson, W A Toscano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Human exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and chlorinated analogs commonly results in pathological changes in the skin and its appendages characterized by thickening of the epidermis (acanthosis), hyperkeratosis and squamous metaplasia of the epithelial lining of the sebaceous glands. Acneform lesions (chloracne) develop as hair follicles dilate and fill with keratin and sebaceous glands become cystic. In animal models it has been found that the chloracneogenic potential of the halogenated aromatic compounds examined corresponds with the relative affinity of these same compounds for the cytosolic TCDD receptor. This receptor controls the coordinate expression of a number of inducible enzyme activities and in certain cell targets can alter normal programs of proliferation and differentiation. In this report we describe some of our ongoing studies on the mechanisms of action of TCDD in normal human epidermal cells and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lines. These systems permit detailed investigation of the molecular and biochemical events underlying pathologic changes in the skin and offer the potential of establishing a risk assessment model for halogenated aromatic compounds by using human target cells.
Adjuvant Intraperitoneal Chromic Phosphate Therapy in a Woman With Early Ovarian Carcinoma and Pelvic Infection With Resulting Catastrophic Complications
Authors: LARRY McGOWAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Women diagnosed with early stage ovarian cancer may be considered for adjuvant therapy. Intraperitoneal chromic phosphate (P-32) is commonly used in these patients with few complications. A woman found to have early stage ovarian cancer was given intraperitoneal P-32 in the presence of a lingering pelvic infection, which Is usually not mentioned as a contraindication to its use. Radiation damage to the small bowel and cecum developed as did damage to the ureter and bladder, which then required surgery.
Some Principles in the Chemotherapy of Bacterial Infections--I
Authors: J. Crofton
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The classification of antibacterial drugs into bactericidal and bacteriostatic groups is of clinical value. Bactericidal drugs are to be preferred when possible as they are more rapidly effective, may be synergistic when used in combination against bacteria difficult to eliminate, and are less likely to leave residual "persistent" organisms. Antagonism between chemotherapeutic agents is of little clinical importance.The modes of action of antibacterial drugs are reviewed. The penicillins, cephalosporins, and cycloserine interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis. Polymyxin, colistin, and nystatin affect the bacterial cell membrane. Protein manufacture by the bacterial ribosome is interfered with by the tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and lincomycin, and the initiation of protein molecules by streptomycin. Streptomycin, kanamycin, and neomycin also cause the ribosome to manufacture warped proteins. Nalidixic acid, griseofulvin, and novobiocin upset the D.N.A. replication of the bacterial chromosome.Many of the factors adverse to the success of chemotherapy are unimportant when powerful drugs are given in large doses to relatively fit patients infected with highly sensitive bacteria. But these factors become important when patients, particularly debilitated patients, are infected acutely or chronically with some of the more obstinate bacteria. Some grasp of these principles is therefore both intellectually satisfying and clinically useful.
Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency due to MMaltonZ phenotype: case report and family study.
Authors: M B Allen, A M Ward, W H Perks
Journal: Thorax (1986)

The association between premature development of emphysema and aI antitrypsin deficiency is well recognised.1By the technique of isoelectric focusing on polyacrilamide gel, over 30 different alleles of a, antitrypsin have been identified.2Only four of these-namely, Z, MMaduarte, Mnuil' and MMalton produce grossly reduced levels of al anti- trypsin, with the subsequent risk of emphysema in homozygotes and heterozygotes.In practice, however, only the ZZ phenotype, with a frequency of 0.029%, is seen with any regularity.3We report the first case history and family study in Europe of a, antitrypsin deficiency due to the MMaIIOnZ phenotype. Case historyThe proband, a 71 year old retired salesman, presented ini- tially in 1978 with a 10 year history of progressive breath- lessness.He had been a moderately heavy smoker of 20 ciga- rettes a day before stopping 20 years previously.Spirometry showed that FEV1 was 1.1 1 (41% predicted) and forced vital capacity (FVC) 2.8 1 (75% predicted), with no appreciable bronchodilator response.He presented acutely three years later with cough, thirst, and general malaise.On examination he was dyspnoeic and dehydrated with signs of left sided pneumonia.Investigations showed: haemoglobin 9.1 g/l, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 139mm in the first hour, blood urea 16.2 mmol/l, serum calcium 3.4 mmol/l, and albumin 31 g/l.On protein electrophoresis a reduced a, region was evident along with a paraprotein band.Quantitatively the serum IgA concentration was grossly raised, IgM 0.1 (normal
Initial Plasma HIV-1 RNA Levels and Progression to AIDS in Women and Men
Authors: Timothy R. Sterling, David Vlahov, Jacquie Astemborski, Donald R. Hoover, Joseph B. Margolick, Thomas C. Quinn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

It is unclear whether there are differences between men and women with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in the plasma level of viral RNA (the viral load). In men, the initial viral load after seroconversion predicts the likelihood of progression to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but the relation between the two has not been assessed in women. Currently, the guidelines for initiating antiretroviral therapy are applied uniformly to women and men.
A dose-ranging study of mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis☆☆☆★
Authors: E O Meltzer, W E Berger, R B Berkowitz, E A Bronsky, D J Dvorin, A F Finn, S P Galant, J Grossman, F C Hampel, P H Ratner, M E Ruff, E J Schenkel, A T Segal, N Segall, G E Stewart, I Tripathy, D P Skoner, R Anolik, R J Dockhorn, J van Bavel, B Mesarina-Wicki, K Nolop
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Pains, brains, and opium
Authors: Anthony H. Dickenson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

In this response, I discuss the roles of the peripheral afferent drive in the maintenance of persistent pain, the concept of pre-emptive analgesia and the importance of the brain, the detailed involvement of which in pain is far less well understood compared to the events in the spinal cord. A comparison of pain to other sensory modalities is then made together with a discussion of learning and pain. These facets of pain are discussed in the light of treatment strategies for this condition.
Rapid identification of efficient target cleavage sites using a hammerhead ribozyme library in an iterative manner
Authors: Wei-Hua Pan, Ping Xin, Vuong Bui, Gary A Clawson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

A major limitation to the effectiveness of ribozymes is definition of accessible sites in targeted RNAs. Although library selection procedures have been developed, they are generally difficult to perform and have not been widely employed. Here we describe a selection technology that utilizes a randomized, active hammerhead ribozyme (Rz) library in an iterative manner. After two rounds of binding under inactive conditions, the selected, active Rz library is incubated with target RNA, and the sites of cleavage are identified on sequencing gels. We performed this library-selection protocol using human papillomavirus type 16 E6/E7 mRNA as target and constructed Rz targeted to the identified sites. Rz targeted to sites identified with this procedure were generally highly active in vitro and, more importantly, they were highly active in cell culture, whereas their catalytically inactive counterparts were not. This protocol can be used to identify a set of potential target sites within a relatively short time.
Once-A-Day Olopatadine Improves the Health-Related Quality-Of-Life of Allergic Conjunctivitis Patients
Authors: G.J. Berdy, S.V. Scoper, S.J. Lichtenstein, J.M. Rubin, C. Waycaster, T. Pasquine, R.D. Gross, S. Robertson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Total cholesterol concentration and mortality at a relatively young age: Do men and women differ?
Authors: W M M. Verschuren, D. Kromhout
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To investigate the relation between total cholesterol concentration and mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, non-cardiovascular causes, and all causes.Population based cohort study.23,000 men and 26,000 women aged 30-54 years examined between 1974 and 1980.Mortality for the above mentioned end points for fifths of cholesterol distribution, and relative risks estimated by using Cox's proportional hazard (survival) analysis. Adjustment was made for age, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index.Mortality from coronary heart disease in men was five times higher than that in women. A strong positive association between total cholesterol concentration and mortality from coronary heart disease and cardiovascular diseases was observed in both men and women. The relative risk for the highest compared with the lowest fifth of the cholesterol distribution was for mortality from coronary heart disease (3.0 (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 5.1) in men and 3.8 (1.1 to 13.1) in women) and for mortality from cardiovascular disease (2.8 (1.8 to 4.2) in men and 2.9 (1.4 to 6.0) in women). No increase of non-cardiovascular mortality at low cholesterol concentration was observed. All cause mortality was significantly higher in the highest compared with the lowest fifth of the cholesterol distribution: relative risk 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) in men and 1.5 (1.1 to 1.9) in women.Total cholesterol concentration is a strong predictor of mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, and all causes in women as well as in men. Low cholesterol concentrations are not associated with increased mortality from non-cardiovascular causes.
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia With Eosinophilia: F-18 FDG PET and MR Demonstration
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, also known as epithelioid hemangioma, is an uncommon vascular lesion involving predominantly the skin at the head and neck. Most cases have been reported in the dermatologic, ophthalmologic, and otolaryngologic literature. The author presents a rare instance of biopsy-proved deep soft-tissue invasion of this disease, which was demonstrated with positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Long-term Results of Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy and Endoscopic Therapy for Pancreatic Stones
Authors: Hiroshi Tadenuma, Takeshi Ishihara, Taketo Yamaguchi, Shouichi Tsuchiya, Akitoshi Kobayashi, Kazuyoshi Nakamura, Reiko Sakurada, Hiromitsu Saisho
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)