tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Controversy over Multiple Chemical Sensitivities
Authors: Joseph B. Margolick, Robert F. Vogt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 February 1994Controversy over Multiple Chemical SensitivitiesJoseph B. Margolick, MD, PhD and Robert F. Vogt, Jr., PhDJoseph B. Margolick, MD, PhDJohns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health; Baltimore, MD 21205Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30333Search for more papers by this author and Robert F. Vogt, Jr., PhDJohns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health; Baltimore, MD 21205Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30333Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-3-199402010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Simon and associates [1] state that their findings “militate strongly” against a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of multiple chemical sensitivity. Although we commend the authors for the intent and design of their study, we believe that their laboratory data do not militate for or against this conclusion.First, the use of the term “titers” in the abstract is misleading because only the presence or absence of the five autoantibodies was reported. The importance of these antibodies cannot be assessed without full titration of positive specimens.Second, fluorescence microscopy, used for detection of surface ...REFERENCE1. Simon GE, Daniell W, Stockbridge H, Claypoole K, Rosenstock L. Immunologic, psychological, and neuropsychological factors in multiple chemical sensitivity: a controlled study. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:97-103. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health; Baltimore, MD 21205Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30333 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInterlaboratory Life: Regulating Flow Cytometry 1 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 3Page: 249-251KeywordsAntibodiesBlood cellsCellsFlow cytometryImmune systemLymphocytesMicroscopyPathogenesisPopulation statisticsResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 February 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
DNA Vaccines — Designer Vaccines for the 21st Century
Authors: R A Seder, S Gurunathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Over the past 100 years, the development and widespread use of vaccines against infectious agents has been one of the triumphs of medical science. One reason for the success of these vaccines is that they excel at inducing antibodies, which are the principal agents of immune protection against most viruses and bacteria. There are, however, exceptions, including medically important intracellular organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the malarial parasite, Leishmania major, and possibly the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in which protection depends more on cell-mediated immunity than on the induction of antibodies (humoral immunity).All currently licensed vaccines, whether they are prepared . . .
The Cambridge Textbook of Bioethics
Authors: Deborah Bowman
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Multiple Ribonuclease H–Encoding Genes in the Caenorhabditis elegans Genome Contrasts with the Two Typical Ribonuclease H–Encoding Genes in the Human Genome
Authors: Arulvathani Arudchandran, Susana M. Cerritelli, Nathan J. Bowen, Xiongfong Chen, Michael W. Krause, Robert J. Crouch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Database searches of the Caenorhabditis elegans and human genomic DNA sequences revealed genes encoding ribonuclease H1 (RNase H1) and RNase H2 in each genome. The human genome contains a single copy of each gene, whereas C. elegans has four genes encoding RNase H1–related proteins and one gene for RNase H2. By analyzing the mRNAs produced from the C. elegans genes, examining the amino acid sequence of the predicted protein, and expressing the proteins in Esherichia coli we have identified two active RNase H1–like proteins. One is similar to other eukaryotic RNases H1, whereas the second RNase H (rnh-1.1) is unique. The rnh-1.0 gene is transcribed as a dicistronic message with three dsRNA-binding domains; the mature mRNA is transspliced with SL2 splice leader and contains only one dsRNA-binding domain. Formation of RNase H1 is further regulated by differential cis-splicing events. A single rnh-2 gene, encoding a protein similar to several other eukaryotic RNase H2L's, also has been examined. The diversity and enzymatic properties of RNase H homologues are other examples of expansion of protein families in C. elegans. The presence of two RNases H1 in C. elegans suggests that two enzymes are required in this rather simple organism to perform the functions that are accomplished by a single enzyme in more complex organisms. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the active C. elegans RNases H1 are distantly related to one another and that the C. elegans RNase H1 is more closely related to the human RNase H1. The database searches also suggest that RNase H domains of LTR-retrotransposons in C. elegans are quite unrelated to cellular RNases H1, but numerous RNase H domains of human endogenous retroviruses are more closely related to cellular RNases H.
Murmur of Aortic Insufficiency
Authors: DENNIS BAUMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters1 March 1973Murmur of Aortic InsufficiencyDENNIS BAUMAN, M.D.DENNIS BAUMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-3-451_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The murmur of aortic insufficiency is usually described as best heard with the patient upright and leaning forward in held end expiration (1, 2). I have recently seen a patient with a murmur thought to represent aortic insufficiency that was heard best, and sometimes exclusively, in the supine position. Serial observations documented a consistent relation between the patient's position, his blood pressure, and the audibility of the murmur.A previously healthy 12-year-old boy had the sudden onset of vomiting, diarrhea, and marked fatigue in July 1972. Study showed uremia, severe anemia, and fragmented red blood cells, and a...References1. HURST J and SCHLANT R: Auscultation of the heart, in The Heart, edited by HURST JW, LOGUE RB. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1970, p. 231 Google Scholar2. LEONARD J and KROETZ F: The early diastolic murmur of semilunar valve incompetence, in Examination of the Heart, Part Four, Auscultation. New York, American Heart Association, 1967, p. 58 Google Scholar3. MATALON R, MOUSSALLI A, and NIDUS B: Functional aortic insufficiency—a feature of renal failure. N Engl J Med 285:1522-1523, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HARVEY W: Personal communication Google Scholar5. HARVEY W: Comments, in The Year Book of Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery, 1972, edited by BRAUNWALD E, HARVEY WP, KIRKENDALL WM, et al. Chicago, Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., 1972, p. 196 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DENNIS BAUMAN, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine University of Utah Medical Center Salt Lake Veterans Administration Hospital Salt Lake City, Utah PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPulmonic Valve Insufficiency: A Common Cause of Transient Diastolic Murmurs in Renal FailureJULIO E. PÉREZ, M.D., CAROL A. SMITH, VICTOR N. MELTZER, M.D.Aortic Insufficiency in Chronic Renal Failure 1 March 1973Volume 78, Issue 3Page: 451-452KeywordsAnemiaBlood pressureDiarrheaFatigueRed blood cellsVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4570: Development of a proteolytically activatable EGFR Probody for cancer therapy.
Authors: Luc R. Desnoyers, Annie Yang, Tony W. Liang, Stephen Moore, Jason Sagert, Daniel R. Hostetter, Elizabeth Menendez, Fei Han, Michael Krimm, Ken Wong, Jennifer Richardson, Jim W. West, Shouchun Liu, Olga Vasiljeva, Henry B. Lowman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Antibodies directed to specific disease-related antigens have proven to be very successful therapeutics for a variety of disease indications. In spite of their high affinity and specificity for target antigen, target-mediated toxicity constitutes a major limitation for the development of antibodies to certain targets. We have addressed this type of on-target toxicity by developing a new class of targeting antibodies (Probody™ therapeutics) that remain in an inert, masked form until proteolytically activated at the site of disease. As a proof-of-concept for the construction of a Probody, we used cetuximab as a starting point. Cetuximab is an EGFR-targeted antibody approved for the treatment of colorectal and head-and-neck cancers that produces an on-target toxicity in the form of a skin rash that afflicts 88% of patients treated with the antibody. We engineered an EGFR Probody by incorporating an inhibitory masking peptide fused to the antibody light chain. Masking of the Probody is achieved through a linker that also incorporates a substrate that is cleaved by one or more proteases up-regulated in cancer. In vitro, EGFR binding and cell-based activities of the masked Probody were diminished compared to those of cetuximab, but treatment with exogenous target proteases activated the Probody and restored activity comparable to cetuximab. Using tumor xenograft models in mice, we demonstrated that the Probody remained masked in systemic circulation but was activated and accumulated in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor activation of the Probody translated to efficacy similar to that seen with cetuximab. Consistent with our results in mice, the Probody remained efficiently masked in non-human primates and did not cause skin toxicity such as that observed in animals treated with cetuximab. Together, these results demonstrate that antibody activity can be specifically targeted to diseased tissue by utilizing locally overexpressed proteases as activating agents, suggesting that a variety of antigens not previously amenable to an antibody therapeutic approach may be successfully addressed with Probodies. Citation Format: Luc R. Desnoyers, Annie Yang, Tony W. Liang, Stephen Moore, Jason Sagert, Daniel R. Hostetter, Elizabeth Menendez, Fei Han, Michael Krimm, Ken Wong, Jennifer Richardson, Jim W. West, Shouchun Liu, Olga Vasiljeva, Henry B. Lowman. Development of a proteolytically activatable EGFR Probody for cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4570. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4570
Abstract 2539: Antitumor effects of oral paclitaxel DHP107 on gastric cancer xenografts
Authors: Young-Soon Na, Kyung-Ah Jung, Soo-Jin Yang, Seung-Mi Kim, Hye Youn Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Min-Hee Ryu, Jae-Lyun Lee, Woo-Chan Son, Dong-Hoon Jin, Tae Won Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Oral paclitaxel DHP107 (Daehwa, Seoul Korea), an antineoplastic agent, is effectively absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract via the lipid uptake mechanism, which is currently under clinical investigation. Oral capecitabine generates 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by thymidine phosphorylase, preferentially in tumor tissue. Taxanes, such as paclitaxel and docetaxel, have the ability to up-regulate levels of thymidine phosphorylase which show the its increased activity in tumors compared with that of normal tissue. Accordingly, combination treatment using taxanes with capecitabine is effective in several tumors, especially in gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of DHP107 combined with capecitabine and compared the effects of DHP107 and Taxol in gastric cancer xenografts. DHP107 in combination with capecitabine dramatically inhibited tumor growth without additive toxicity compared with each agent used alone in gastric xenografts. The expression of the level of thymidine phosphorylase in tumor was markedly increased four hours after treatment with DHP107. The apoptotic effects, assessed using TUNEL and soft agar colony-formation assay on xenograft tumors, were greater with combined treatment than with either agent used alone. The antitumor effects of DHP107 were similar to those of Taxol in gastric cancer xenografts. These data indicate that DHP107 combined with capecitabine had enhanced antitumor effects in human gastric tumor xenografts and that DHP107 had antitumor effects in gastric cancer models, both of which provide support for future clinical trials of DHP107. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2539. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2539
Hidden Conceptual Models in Clinical Psychiatry
Authors: Aaron Lazare
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Clinical psychiatry commonly makes use of four conceptual models — the medical, psychologic, behavioral, and social — in evaluating and treating patients. The test of clinical skill is the assemblage of an appropriate mix for a particular case. In practice, the choice of a model (or models) is implicitly determined by several variables, which include diagnosis, the effectiveness of available treatments, the immediacy of the social situation, the social class of the patient, and the ideology of the therapist. The complexity of the decision-making process resulting from the use of several models may unnecessarily limit the treatment options of the psychiatrist and may bewilder the nonpsychiatrist. If the conceptual models and their use in clinical psychiatry are made explicit, a broader range of treatment modalities should be made available, and communication between physicians should be enhanced.
A footballer's finger injury
Authors: S. J. Goldie, H. W. Sargeant, K. Medjoub, P. Rust, W. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 12 year old right hand dominant boy sustained an injury to his left middle finger while playing football. On examination, the base of the nail was displaced superficially to the nail fold, with an apparent mallet deformity. The finger was neurovascularly intact. Pain in the finger restricted movement but the flexor and extensor tendons were thought to be intact. Plain lateral and posteroanterior radiographs (fig 1⇓) of the finger were taken in the emergency department.



Fig 1 Plain lateral (left) and posteroanterior (right) radiographs of the injured left middle finger 



The boy was otherwise well and was taking no regular drugs. He had previously sustained several sporting injuries.



### 1 What abnormality do the posteroanterior and lateral radiographs show?

#### Short answer

The radiographs show a displaced transphyseal fracture of the terminal phalanx of the left middle finger.

#### Long answer

This fracture was first described by Seymour in 1966 as a juxta-epiphyseal fracture of the terminal phalanx of the finger.1 This was the first time that displaced physeal fractures had been mentioned and guidance given on the appropriate treatment. Seymour reported a series of 20 patients treated with reduction of the fracture and replacement of the nail plate under the nail fold to act as a splint. This management led to a more favourable outcome than K wiring.1 A lateral …
Modeling Human Cancer: Report on the Eighth Beatson International Cancer Conference
Authors: Michael F. Olson
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

One of the major challenges facing cancer researchers is the necessity to adequately model the human disease. This need is driven by goals, including validating/determining the contribution of a gene to cancer, establishing systems for drug discovery and validation, and discovering additional factors that modify the oncogenic process. Recent advances in cancer modeling were discussed at the Eighth Beatson International Cancer Conference on June 19 to 22, 2005 in Glasgow, United Kingdom. The conference was attended by 250 scientists with >130 oral and poster presentations. The research presented made use of systems ranging from two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture to nonmammalian and mammalian in vivo models. In addition to basic research on the fundamental processes involved in cancer, novel developments in cancer treatment were presented.
Migration of Plasticizer From Hemodialysis Blood Tubing
Authors: Keiji Ono
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate was found to be migrating from polyvinyl chloride blood tubing into human blood during hemodialysis in 16 patients with end-stage renal failure. Although toxic effects have not yet been observed, we believe plastic tubing that does not contain extractable materials should be developed. (<i>JAMA</i>234:948-949, 1975)
LICHEN PLANUS; AN INBOEN ERROR OF METABOLISM
Authors: D. W. K. COTTON, JOSE J. M. A. HURK, W. B. J. M. STAAK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— The Km of the enzyme glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase for its substrate glucose‐6‐phosphate has been determined in normal human skin and skin from lichen planus patients. There was a clear difference between the 2 groups comparable to that found in congenital erythrocyte glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. The results are discussed in relation to the aetiology and clinical picture of lichen planus.
Adaptive (T and B Cells) Immunity and Control by Dendritic Cells in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Hafid Ait-Oufella, Andrew P. Sage, Ziad Mallat, Alain Tedgui
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Chronic inflammation in response to lipoprotein accumulation in the arterial wall is central in the development of atherosclerosis. Both innate and adaptive immunity are involved in this process. Adaptive immune responses develop against an array of potential antigens presented to effector T lymphocytes by antigen-presenting cells, especially dendritic cells. Functional analysis of the role of different T-cell subsets identified the Th1 responses as proatherogenic, whereas regulatory T-cell responses exert antiatherogenic activities. The effect of Th2 and Th17 responses is still debated. Atherosclerosis is also associated with B-cell activation. Recent evidence established that conventional B-2 cells promote atherosclerosis. In contrast, innate B-1 B cells offer protection through secretion of natural IgM antibodies. This review discusses the recent development in our understanding of the role of T- and B-cell subsets in atherosclerosis and addresses the role of dendritic cell subpopulations in the control of adaptive immunity.
Getting to grips with health inequalities at last?
Authors: D. J Hunter, J. Popay, C. Tannahill, M. Whitehead
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Marmot review calls for renewed action to create a fairer society

The World Health Organization’s Commission on Social Determinants of Health published its hard hitting and well received report in mid-2008 with the stark message that “social injustice is killing people on a grand scale.”1 2 The commission’s chair, Michael Marmot, was promptly invited by the UK prime minister and then health secretary for England to consider the implications for health inequalities in England, with a view to informing the government’s post-2010 strategy for tackling them. Fresh thinking and renewed momentum were needed in the face of mounting evidence that the 2010 inequalities targets would not be met.3 The government’s national equality panel has since concluded that inequalities in earnings and incomes are high in the United Kingdom compared with other industrialised countries.4 Economic advantage and disadvantage reinforce themselves across the life cycle.

The Marmot review team submitted its final report to ministers in December, marking the end of a frenetic period of activity involving nine task groups, three working committees, and two interim reports.5 The timing has eerie echoes of the groundbreaking 1980 Black report.6 Although the review chaired by Sir Douglas Black was set in motion by a Labour government, it reported to a Conservative one that was distinctly cool on the subject of health inequalities.

The Marmot report may avoid a similar fate: an election is some months away and all political parties have affirmed …
Somatic STK11 and Concomitant STK11/KRAS Mutational Frequency in Stage IV Lung Adenocarcinoma Adrenal Metastases
Authors: Ferga C. Gleeson, Benjamin R. Kipp, Michael J. Levy, Jesse S. Voss, Michael B. Campion, Douglas M. Minot, Zheng J. Tu, Eric W. Klee, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Sarah E. Kerr
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
The Community Action Process
Authors: George James
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Analyzing the processes communities use to obtain social benefits for their citizens yields instructive data other communities can use for production purposes. When the analysis is made of methods employed to reach particular goals, results become valuable as guides for community action in achieving similar objectives. Whether the goals are general or particular, however, benefits are not likely to be realized unless processes and methods terminate in action. The National Commission on Community Health Services (a private corporation sponsored by the American Public Health Association and the National Health Council), as one part of its total objective of finding ways to help communities improve their health services, studied the processes used by 21 communities in reaching health goals. These 21 communities, large and small, are widely scattered across the nation: Camden, Ouachita County, Arkansas; San Mateo County, California; Idaho Falls, Idaho; Springfield, Sangamon County, Illinois; Prince George's County, Maryland; Springfield,