tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in the United States: Estimates From the 1985 Current Population Survey
Authors: A. C. Marcus, D. R. Shopland, L. A. Crane, W. R. Lynn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

In September 1985, the Census Bureau collected health information on 114,342 individuals as part of its Current Population Survey (CPS). A special supplement that included questions on smoking practices was sponsored by the Office on Smoking and Health. The CPS, with its large sample size, provides a unique opportunity to examine region, division, and state estimates of smoking prevalence. The overall prevalence rate for males in the 1985 CPS was estimated at 31.3%, compared with 25.0% for females. For males, smoking rates were highest in the South (34.5%) and lowest in the West (28.0%). For females, smoking rates were highest in the North Central region (26.3%) and lowest in the West (22.7%). Among males, blacks reported higher smoking rates (37.2%) than whites (30.7%) or Hispanics (30.9%). In contrast, white females (25.8%) and black females (26.0%) reported virtually identical smoking rates, while Hispanic females reported a considerably lower rate (16.5%). White-collar workers (both males and females) also reported substantially lower smoking rates than service or blue-collar workers. For both males and females, peak smoking prevalence occurred in the 40-49-year age group (males = 38.1%, females = 30.6%).
Divergence of Macrophage Phagocytic and Antimicrobial Programs in Leprosy
Authors: Dennis Montoya, Daniel Cruz, Rosane M.B. Teles, Delphine J. Lee, Maria Teresa Ochoa, Stephan R. Krutzik, Rene Chun, Mirjam Schenk, Xiaoran Zhang, Benjamin G. Ferguson, Anne E. Burdick, Euzenir N. Sarno, Thomas H. Rea, Martin Hewison, John S. Adams, Genhong Cheng, Robert L. Modlin
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
Polymorphisms in the Factor VII Gene and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Domenico Girelli, Carla Russo, Paolo Ferraresi, Oliviero Olivieri, Mirko Pinotti, Simonetta Friso, Franco Manzato, Alessandro Mazzucco, Francesco Bernardi, Roberto Corrocher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

High plasma levels of coagulation factor VII have been suggested to be predictors of death due to coronary artery disease. Since polymorphisms in the factor VII gene contribute to variations in factor VII levels, such polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of myocardial infarction, which is precipitated by thrombosis.
Urinary Trypsinogen-2 Test Strip in Detecting ERCP-Induced Pancreatitis
Authors: E. Kemppainen, J. Hedström, P. Puolakkainen, J. Halttunen, V. Sainio, R. Haapiainen, U.-H. Stenman
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Background and Study Aims: We have evaluated a new urinary trypsinogen-2 test strip, based on the principle of immunochromatography, in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis induced by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Prostate Cancer Screening: What We Know and What We Need To Know
Authors: Barnett S. Kramer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To critically evaluate the evidence for recommending the screening of asymptomatic men for prostate cancer with a blood test to detect a prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Data Sources: Relevant articles on screening for prostate cancer were identified from MEDLINE searches, from the authors' files, and from the bibliographies of identified articles. Study Selection: In the absence of controlled prospective trials, the studies are primarily retrospective and contain information about the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of tests used to screen for prostate cancer; the natural history of untreated prostate cancer; the morbidity, mortality, and costs of definitive treatment; and reviews of screening study biases. Data Extraction: Potential treatment-related mortality and costs that could be incurred by screening were estimated using defined assumptions. Results: Although screening for prostate cancer has the potential to save lives, because of possible over-diagnosis, screening and subsequent therapy could actually have a net unfavorable effect on mortality or quality of life or both. Given the performance characteristics of the test, widespread screening efforts would probably cost billions of dollars. Conclusions: The net benefit from widespread screening is unclear. A randomized prospective study of the effect of screening on prostate cancer mortality has therefore been initiated by the National Cancer Institute.
805-3 The modulating role of CD44 during arteriogenesis: An experimental and a clinical approach
Authors: Niels van Royen, Michiel Voskuil, Imo Hoefer, Marco Jost, Ivo Buschmann, Christoph Bode, Wolfgang Schaper, Ronald van der Neut, Steven Pals, Jan J Piek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Controlled trial of a new cervical spatula.
Authors: M R Wolfendale, R Howe-Guest, M M Usherwood, G J Draper
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A wooden spatula was designed to scrape the varied distribution of epithelial abnormalities of the cervix as seen at colposcopy. The efficiency of the spatula in obtaining dyskaryotic cells and improving the cellular quality of smears was compared with that of the Ayre spatula in a controlled trial. More than 17,000 smears were taken from women aged 14-86 years by more than 200 smear takers from 74 centres. Twenty two per cent more dyskaryotic smears were obtained with the trial spatula, and the cellular quality of the smears was improved in all age groups. Although it was associated with a slightly increased risk of bleeding, 83% of users preferred the trial spatula.
Effects of Protein Kinase C and Cytosolic Ca2+ on Exocytosis in the Isolated Perfused Rat Liver
Authors: Rafael Bruck, Michael H. Nathanson, Han Roelofsen, James L. Boyer
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Both protein kinase C and cytosolic Ca2+ are involved in the regulation of exocytosis in a number of cell types. However, the relative importance of each of these for apical exocytosis in the hepatocyte is unknown. To investigate this, we studied the effects of protein kinase C and Ca2+ agonists on horseradish peroxidase excretion in the isolated perfused rat liver. Vasopressin increased both horseradish peroxidase concentration and net horseradish peroxidase excretion in bile, and these effects were abolished by the protein kinase C inhibitor H–7. The protein kinase C activator phorbol dibutyrate also increased both net excretion and the concentration of biliary horseradish peroxidase. In contrast, the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 and the Ca2+ mobilizing agent 2′,5′–di ( tert butyl)–1,4,–benzohydroquinone both had minimal effects on horseradish peroxidase concentration and inhibited the rate of horseradish peroxidase excretion. These results suggest that protein kinase C stimulates apical exocytosis in the hepatocyte, whereas increased Cai 2+ per se does not influence exocytosis and inhibits excretion only transiently by reducing bile flow. (Hepatology 1994;20:1032–1040).
Cerebral venous thrombosis in acute inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: G Singh
Journal: Gut (2004)

The endothelins are a group of three related peptides with two receptor subtypes, ET A and ET B .Following the discovery of endothelin 1 as a potent vasoconstrictor, there has been intense interest in the role of endothelin on vascular function in liver disease.Speculation on the role of endothelin in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure, including hepatorenal syndrome, has also been speculated.. . . . . .
366 DISSECTING THE ROLE OF THE NADPH OXIDASE NOX4 IN LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: I. Fabregat, P. Sancho, J. Mainez, C. Roncero, C.M. Fernández-Rodriguez, F. Pinedo, H. Huber, R. Eferl, W. Mikulits
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Oxygenation Index as a Predictor of Outcome in Children with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Mudit Mathur, Darren Bullock
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Wehave several concerns related tomethodology and applicability of the findings in the recent article by Trachsel and colleagues (1), which sought to identify determinants of prognosis in pediatric acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). First, the ventilation strategy used by the authors is unclear. The reader is referred to the online supplement, but no further details have been provided. Were lung protective strategies incorporating permissive hypercapnia or acceptance of lower oxygen saturation employed? Were compliance characteristics used to determine adequate lung recruitment? How was “aggressive” use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) defined? Judging by Trachsel and coworkers’ Figures E1 and E2, the mean peak PEEP in the patients who died appears to be around 10 cm H2O and mean airway pressure (MAP) around 18 cm H2O over the first 48 hours. In many centers, these values would constitute early settings during aggressive management of AHRF, and involve progression to using higher PEEP, or the employment of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) with a significantly higher MAP. The authors attribute the observed mortality of 27% to the presence of underlying medical conditions or multiorgan dysfunction. Could objective composite scores such as the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score (PELOD) (2) have helped discriminate the impact of organ dysfunction in this heterogeneous population? In addition, the authors do not present information about actual Pediatric Risk ofMortality (PRISM) scores, even though they conclude that it is an independent predictor of mortality. Could the authors provide additional specifics about the ventilator parameters and escalation of ventilator strategy employed for the 35 patients who died, and especially in the 16 children described as dying of “refractory oxygenation failure,” to help in interpreting the significance of these findings. A last PaO2 of less than 50 mm Hg alone does not indicate refractoriness and could be found if a blood gas is obtained in most dying intensive care unit patients. Were HFOV or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) considered in their management? With additional data and further clarification from the authors, it may become clearer whether the mortality risk assessment determined in this study can be applied to patients at other centers using aggressive conventional or oscillatory ventilation strategies.
Methotrexate and postoperative complications
Authors: A Wluka, R Buchbinder, S Hall, G Littlejohn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Grennan et al report the safety of continued methotrexate in the perioperative period.1 Previous investigators have despaired of answering this question definitively owing to the difficulty in recruiting subjects.2 It is reassuring to see that methotrexate use throughout the postoperative period does not interfere with wound healing or increase the incidence of early complications.

Despite this important finding, we believe that the results of this study should be regarded with some reservation: continuation of methotrexate throughout the perioperative period should be accompanied by significant …
Praktische EKG-Auswertung: Differential-diagnostisches Tabellarium
Authors: William H. Wehrmacher
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Already in its third edition within two years—and with significant improvement—this textbook presents, in dictionary form, a set of practical tables of electrocardiography. The reader can quickly determine if an observation lies within normal limits. When any alteration exceeds these normal limits, the probable source, appropriate hints for recognition, the circumstances in which it ordinarily occurs, and some relevant remarks are all made rapidly accessible in tabular form. As the authors point out, these tables should be considered a supplement, not a substitute, for an electrocardiographic textbook or for formal training in electrocardiography. They presuppose a fundamental knowledge of the principles of electrophysiology and of the correlations between the curves recorded from different lead combinations. In addition to pure objective analysis of the curves, the authors of necessity made some empirical interpretations of electrocardiographic findings to be correlated with the clinical picture, cardiac position, and electrolyte disturbances. These empirical interpretations
Repeated Coronary Artery Spasm in a Young Woman With the Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome
Authors: Phillip A. Hertzman, Gerry L. Maddoux, Esther M. Sternberg, Melvyn P. Heyes, Ivan N. Mefford, Gail M. Kephart, Gerald J. Gleich
Journal: JAMA (1992)

We report a case of repeated coronary artery spasm with myocardial injury in a 37-year-old woman with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. This patient did not have a medical history of cardiac-related illness or risk factors for coronary artery disease. The presence of eosinophil granule major basic protein in otherwise normal-appearing myocardial tissue, along with normal plasma levels of tryptophan metabolites, suggests that the mechanism of vasospasm in this patient might involve toxic eosinophil proteins or focal myocardial lesions, but not the production of excess tryptophan metabolites.
Immune Responses in the Presence of Large Doses of Phenylalanine
Authors: Robert M. Appleman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Ryan and Carver<sup>1</sup>reported that injections of phenylalanine (L-phenylalanine) into rabbits and rats inhibited their synthesis of diphtheria antitoxin in response to diphtheria toxoid. Later, Ryan<sup>2</sup>found that phenylalanine and one of its metabolites, phenethylanine, inhibited formation of antibody in rats injected with sheep erythrocytes. Furthermore, Ryan reported that administration of phenylalanine in very large doses was accompanied by prolongation of survival of allogeneic skin grafts between mice of certain different inbred strains from a range of 9.5 to 10.5 days to a range of 15 to 16 days. The present experiments were performed to study the effects of administration of large doses of phenylalanine in rabbits, repeating and extending the work of Ryan and Carver,<sup>1</sup>and to determine the effect of phenylalanine on survival of allografts of skin in rabbits and of kidneys in dogs. <h3>Methods</h3><h3>Laboratory Techniques.—</h3> The concentration of phenylalanine in serum of rabbits
Pancreatic exocrine function in systemic sclerosis
Authors: I. COBDEN, A.T.R. AXON, N.R. ROWELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Pancreatic exocrine function in systemic sclerosis Get access I. COBDEN, I. COBDEN Gastroenterology Unit and Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.T.R. AXON, A.T.R. AXON Gastroenterology Unit and Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.R. ROWELL N.R. ROWELL Gastroenterology Unit and Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue 2, 1 August 1981, Pages 189–193, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb01204.x Published: 01 August 1981 Article history Accepted: 01 September 1980 Published: 01 August 1981
RISK FACTORS FOR RESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC AND NONISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY FROM THE MADIT-CRT STUDY
Authors: Alon Barsheshet, Ilan Goldenberg, Arthur J. Moss, Michael Eldar, David T. Huang, Scott McNitt, Mary W. Brown, Jeffrey J. Goldberger, Robert E. Goldstein, Claudio Schuger, Wojciech Zareba, James P. Daubert, Cardiology Division
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Information Needs in Office Practice: Are They Being Met?
Authors: DAVID G. COVELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

We studied the self-reported information needs of 47 physicians during a half day of typical office practice. The physicians raised 269 questions about patient management. Questions related to all medical specialties and were highly specific to the individual patient's problem. Subspecialists most frequently asked questions related to other subspecialties. Only 30% of physicians' information needs were met during the patient visit, usually by another physician or other health professional. Reasons print sources were not used included the age of textbooks in the office, poor organization of journal articles, inadequate indexing of books and drug information sources, lack of knowledge of an appropriate source, and the time required to find the desired information. Better methods are needed to provide answers to questions that arise in office practice.
Specific accumulation of cholesterol-rich liposomes in the inflammatory tissue of rats with adjuvant arthritis.
Authors: W G Love, N Amos, I W Kellaway, B D Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

High performance liquid chromatography has shown that after intravenous injection cholesterol-poor liposomes (100 nm) are unstable and their phospholipid is redistributed. Under identical conditions cholesterol-rich liposomes remain structurally intact within the circulation. When injected intravenously cholesterol-rich liposomes accumulate within the inflamed paws of rats with adjuvant induced arthritis to the same extent as cholesterol-poor liposomes. Uptake in inflamed tissue of three cholesterol-rich liposome preparations was always significantly greater than the uptake noted in normal tissue. The degree of accumulation in inflamed tissue was found to depend on the size of the liposome, with the greatest uptake, 7% of the injected dose, achieved by the smallest vesicle (100 nm). These results indicate that intact liposomes accumulate at inflamed joint tissue sites. Therefore the passive targeting of anti-inflammatory drugs encapsulated within these liposomes could be contemplated.
Abstract 191: Azacitidine induces differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines along the granulocytic/monocytic lineage
Authors: Aaron N. Nguyen, Antonio Luna-Moran, Normand Richard, Igor Belka, Helen Brady, Kyle J. MacBeth
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by blast cells that are unable to mature into functional, terminally-differentiated hematopoietic cells. Inducing leukemic cells to differentiate restores a natural cell death program and inhibits proliferation. Azacitidine (AZA; 5-azacytidine; Vidaza) is a cytidine nucleoside analog used clinically for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and AML. AZA therapy was recently shown to significantly increase median overall survival in higher-risk MDS and World Health Organization AML (20-30% bone marrow blasts) patients compared with conventional care regimens, and a phase III clinical trial of AZA in patients with more advanced AML has been activated. We have shown previously that AZA induces dose-dependent cytotoxicity to AML cell lines; however, at sub-micromolar AZA concentrations, complete cell kill is not achieved. To explore an additional anti-leukemic mechanism of AZA in AML, we assessed the effect of AZA on induction of AML cell differentiation in vitro. AML cell lines, encompassing several FAB classifications, were evaluated, using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3), two potent inducers of AML cell differentiation, as control compounds. Differentiation along the granulocytic/monocytic lineage was assayed by CD11b expression (antigen detection by flow cytometry and mRNA by Luminex) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. ATRA, VD3, and AZA induced CD11b RNA and protein expression and NBT reduction in HL-60 and AML-193 cell lines. Gene expression profiles (GEPs) in HL-60 and AML-193 cells revealed significant overlap in the genes regulated by AZA-treatment vs. VD3- or ATRA-treatment. GEPs of HL-60 and AML-193 cells treated with AZA strongly correlated with publicly-available gene sets representing differentiated eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes, but negatively correlated with those of differentiated erythrocytes and megakaryocytes. Similar studies in primary AML cells are ongoing. Our results demonstrate that AZA can induce cellular differentiation of AML cell lines along the granulocytic/monocytic lineage in vitro, and suggest that cellular differentiation may contribute as one of multiple mechanisms of AZA's anti-leukemic activity in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 191.
Abstract 3303: Engineering of highly controlled <i>in vitro</i> co-culture model to study the mesenchymal stem cells mediated signaling in breast cancer cells
Authors: Amita Daverey, Allison Drain, Karleen Crone, Srivatsan Kidambi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mediated signaling in breast cancer cells (BCCs) are critical for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. The mutual interactions between tumor cells and MSCs via direct contact or paracrine interaction through the recruitment of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines are thought to modulate tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Therefore, the cell-cell interactions that control the behaviour of cancer cells are targets with as much potential for the development of effective therapies as the tumor cells themselves. To this end, co-culture of BCCs with MSCs is critical to understand the role of MSCs on breast cancer progression. However, establishing co-culture of these cells with BCCs is challenging as the variation in culture condition can compromise the viability and functionality of co-cultured cells. In the present study, we have developed an in vitro co-culture method for controlling the interaction of BCCs with MSCs using biocompatible synthetic materials. We used cationic and anionic polymers to create stable and consistent surfaces. After that, these polymers were screened for the selective adhesion of cells, to create the patterned co-culture of BCCs and MSCs. Unlike other synthetic and natural polymers, one of the greatest advantages of screened polymers is that they are biologically inactive material for BCCs and MSCs cells, thus, do not alter the gene or protein expression profile of BCCs and MSCs. Therefore, the results obtained using this method provide true interaction of BCCs with MSCs in co-culture system without interference of interaction of cells with matrix. In addition, the in vitro co-culture model established in this study provides advantage on random co-culture by spatially organise cells in definite patterns, thereby, controlling the number and interaction of BCCs with MSCs. Also, provides an opportunity to study direct (through E-cadherin) and indirect (through cytokines) interaction in a single system which is important to study collective response of interaction BCCs and MSCs on breast cancer biology. After established co-culture model, we investigated MSCs mediated signaling in BCCs. qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunostaining data suggested that MSCs induce the expression of oncogene, increased proliferation of BCCs and up or downregulate the gene related to the drug resistance. Citation Format: Amita Daverey, Allison Drain, Karleen Crone, Srivatsan Kidambi. Engineering of highly controlled in vitro co-culture model to study the mesenchymal stem cells mediated signaling in breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3303. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3303