tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 132: Cardiomyocyte Specific Conditional Overexpression Of Stromal Cell Derived Factor 1 Facilitates Cardiac Regeneration After Permanent Coronary Artery Ligation In Mice.
Authors: Detlef Obal, Kenneth Brittian, Michael Book, Aruni Bhatnagar, Yiru Guo, Roberto Bolli, Gregg Rokosh
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Background: Interruption of cardiac stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF1)-CXCR4 axis by chronic AMD3100 administration increased myocardial injury after permanent coronary artery ligation demonstrating the important role of this chemokine in cardiac regeneration. Hypothesis: Cardiomyocyte specific conditional overexpression of SDF1 prevents heart failure after permanent coronary ligation and facilitates cardiac regeneration. Methods and Results: Tetracycline-controlled, αMyHC promoter directed overexpression of cardiac SDF1, resulted in a significant increase of SDF1 expression (SDF1: 8.1 ng/mg protein) compared to littermate WT mice (0.02 ng/mg protein) four weeks after doxycycline withdraw. SDF1 overexpression increased AKT and casein kinase 1 levels in the heart. Although there was no difference in cardiac function and scar size 1 week after infarction, SDF1 overexpression improved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (SDF1 [n=13]: 47±5% [mean±SEM] vs. WT [n=15]: 29±4%, p&lt;0.05) decreased end-diastolic volume (78±10 vs. 158±30, p&lt;0.05) and reduced infarct size measured by trichrome staining (13±3% vs. 23±3% of LV wall, p&lt;0.05) 4 weeks after permanent ligation. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining revealed increased regeneration indicated by a 5-fold increase in BrdU + cardiomyocyte (CM) nuclei in the borderzone of the infarct (22±3% vs. 5±1% CM nuclei, p&lt;0.01). Increased proliferation in SDF1 mice was confirmed by a higher number of KI67 + cells compared to WT mice. Cardiomyocyte cross sectional area in the border zone was significantly reduced in SDF1 mice (365±13 μm 2 vs. 434±10 μm 2 , p&lt;0.001) while capillary density was unchanged (2348±151/ mm 2 vs. 2498±153/ mm 2 ) compared to WT mice. Conclusion: This study demonstrates for the first time that cardiac specific overexpression of SDF1 increases myocardial regeneration and improves LV function 4 weeks after permanent coronary ligation.
Community acquired pneumonia, hepcidin and anemia
Authors: Maria Carrabba, Marina Zarantonello, Lorena Duca, Natascia Campostrini, Alessandra Colombo, Cinzia Hu, Giovanna Fabio
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Pneumonia is an acute inflammation often complicated by the development of anemia. Hepcidin is an IL-6-induced key modulator of inflammation-associated anemia. The association between inflammation, hepcidin and anemia has not been investigated in pneumonia.  60 patients were enrolled if admitted out of an infection and serum C-RP ≥3mg/dl. On day 1 (T1) and 6 (T6) serum hepcidin (HEPC), cytokines, inflammation and iron markers were tested. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) were assessed at admission.  Patients with pneumonia were 27 and 33 patients had other acute infectious diseases. On T1 main findings are showed in figure 1. IL-6 and C-RP concentrations correlated with HEPC levels and the rate of decrease of hemoglobin (Hb) in all patients (r= -0.330, p= 0.009). On T6, both groups lost a Hb mean of 0.5g/dL, but patients with pneumonia were more frequently anemic (77.8%) than the others (48.5%; p=0.032), with an odd ratio of 3.7 for being anemic.  According to PSI, 37.0% patients were stratified in the low-risk, 48.2% in the intermediate and 14.8% in the highest-risk-class. Hb loss had a weak negative correlation with PSI score.  70.4% of patients with pneumonia and 42.4% of the other group had sepsis. Despite high T1 HEPC mean levels in both groups, only patients with sepsis and pneumonia had a significant Hb decrease between T1 (11.9g/dL) and T6 (11.3g/dL; p=0.013). Patients with pneumonia had an associated 30-day mortality rate of 7.4%, compared to 3% of patients without pneumonia.
Influence of pre analytical and analytical variables in extraction, amplification and detection of M. tuberculosis in pleural fluid
Authors: Gabriela Carnevale, Roberta Sales, Francisco Vargas, Milena Acencio, Evaldo Marchi, Leila Antonangelo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction  Pleural tuberculosis (PT) is paucibacillary difficulting  M. tuberculosis  identification in pleural fluid (PF) cultures. PCR- based tests have been shown to improve and speed up the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Because these tests are validated for respiratory specimens, their use in PF samples remains controversial, since hemorrhage, cells and protein content may influence its performance.   Objectives  To evaluate if pre analytical and analytical factors may influence the sensitivity of PT diagnosis using real time PCR.   Materials and Methods  From a PF transudate sample, we simulated  in vitro  samples with increasing concentrations of cells, erythrocytes and protein in which were inoculated  M. tuberculosis  in concentrations ranging from 1.5 x 10 6  to 1.5 x 10 1  CFU/ mL.Two extraction (Qiagen and Roche) and two detection techniques (Roche and Nanogen) were tested in real time PCR.   Results    Conclusion  PCR tests were capable to detect mycobacteria in PF samples even at low concentrations. Hemorrhage, cells and high protein content did not influence the results. The lower mycobacteria detection was obtained with Nanogen kit, independently of the extraction method.
A Mechanism of Antigen-induced Mucus Production in Nasal Epithelium of Sensitized Rats
Authors: TAKESHI SHIMIZU, HITOMI HIRANO, YUICHI MAJIMA, YASUO SAKAKURA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We produced ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats as an animal model of nasal allergy. Intranasal instillation of OVA induced hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells in nasal epithelium of OVA- sensitized rats. Intraepithelial mucosubstance in nasal mucosa increased significantly at 24 h after 3 or 7 d of OVA instillation, accompanied by mucosal infiltration of eosinophils. The effects of H1-antagonist (d-chlorpheniramine malate), H2-antagonist (cimetidine), dexamethasone, indomethacin, cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs)-antagonist (ONO1078), and antirat neutrophil antiserum on OVA-induced changes were examined. Mucus production was significantly inhibited by dexamethasone, and ONO1078, whereas eosinophil infiltration was significantly inhibited by H1-antagonist, dexamethasone, and anti-rat neutrophil antiserum. These results indicate that cysLTs (LTs C4, D4, and E4) may play an important role in antigen-induced mucus production, and that eosinophil infiltration does not relate to mucus production. Intranasal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also induced intraepithelial mucus production, and it was significantly inhibited by dexamethasone, indomethacin, and antirat neutrophil antiserum; however, cysLTs antagonist had no effect on LPS-induced change. These results indicate that neutrophil and cyclooxygenase products are important in LPS-induced mucus production, and there are different mechanisms of mucus production between allergic inflammation and LPS stimulation.
Patient Flow Patterns in a Recovery Room and Implications for Staffing
Authors: M Bell, J A Warner, A E Cameron
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

A detailed analysis of the occupancy of a new recovery room in a small district general hospital was undertaken during the initial three months of its use. The main problems were found to be irregular workload, consistently high patient occupancy over lunchtime, and difficulty in matching traditional nursing shifts to periods of heavy workload.
A 16 year old boy with chest pain
Authors: M Ghodsi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Background: Broad Beta disease is one of the genetically disorders in lipoprotein that cause aggregation of lipoprotein in plasma and Incidence risk of Ischemic heart disease among these patients is high. Case presentation: An eight year old boy was admitted to the hospital because of an abrupt onset chest pain, faint and ST depression in inferior leads. He has been well one day earlier, when an exertional chest pain developed. Laboratory values obtained before admission showed hypercholesterolemia, and physical exam showed mild supravalvular aortic stenosis. ECG: ST depression in inferior leads. TT Echo: Mild supravalvular aortic stenosis. Angiography: Three vessel disease. Lab: Only hypercholesterolemia. (Cholesterol upper than 400 mg/100). Treatment: CABG, Three graft. Conclusion: There are few data regarding the preoperative risk in patients with hypercholesterolemia. In patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, there is a high incidence of premature Coronary Artery Disease. These patients are also at risk for both valvular and supravalvular aortic stenosis as well as atherosclerosis of the carotid and femoral arteries. There is a higher than expected incidence of proximal lesions in the coronery and in the left main artery in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.
Analysis of the post bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second of COPD patients clinically followed up for three years
Authors: George Lundgren, Frederico Ramos, Liany Ribeiro, Fernando Lundgren
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objectives: analyze the post bd FEV1 behavior of COPD patients followed up for three years.  Methods: 560 charts of COPD carriers were analyzed, 85 met the criteria that included post-bd FEV1 in at least two occasions within the time line of three years from the first diagnosis.  Results: After treatment there was an increase of all medium post-bd FEV1, that was maintained for a period longer than 24 months, although a reduction of FEV1 was observed within each year. Three different behavioral groups of post-bd FEV1 response could be identified, the first group presented a continuous decline since diagnosis, the second group maintained within the analysis period and the last group showed an improvement of FEV1.  Conclusion: there is an improvement of the FEV1post-bd with the use of treatment, due to COPD’s behavior there is an decrease in long term therapeutic response.  Fig 1. Average FEV1 post-bd groups in measurements performed in 3 years.
Treatment of brain metastases in patients with testicular cancer.
Authors: C Bokemeyer, P Nowak, A Haupt, B Metzner, H Köhne, J T Hartmann, L Kanz, H J Schmoll
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE Despite improved cure rates for patients with metastatic testicular cancer with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy, patients who develop brain metastases are generally considered to possess a poor prognosis. This report summarizes the long-term results in 44 patients with brain metastases from testicular cancer treated between 1978 and 1995 at Hannover University Medical School. PATIENTS AND METHODS Histologically, 42 patients (95%) had a nonseminomatous germ cell cancer and two patients (5%) a seminoma. Thirty-nine patients (89%) had lung metastases and 37 (84%) fulfilled the criteria for advanced disease according to the Indiana University classification even without considering the brain metastases. Eighteen patients (41%) presented with brain metastases at primary diagnosis (group 1), four (9%) developed brain metastases at relapse after a previous favorable response to combination chemotherapy (group 2), and 22 (50%) developed brain metastases during or directly after cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin-based combination treatment and radiotherapy was given as whole-brain irradiation of 30 to 40 Gy and in single cases combined with a boost of 10 Gy to single lesions. RESULTS Overall, 10 patients achieved long-term survival (23%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.1% to 35.4%). The prognosis was significantly better for patients in groups 1 and 2, with six of 18 (33%) and three of four (75%) patients alive, compared with only one of 22 (5%) in group 3 (P &lt; .01). Patients treated with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone did not achieve long-term survival, while nine of 28 (32%) who received treatment with both modalities with or without surgery achieved sustained long-term survival. During univariate analysis, patients with the diagnosis of brain metastases at first presentation (P &lt; .01), patients with a single brain lesion (P &lt; .02), and patients who received combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy (P &lt; .03) had a significantly improved outcome. CONCLUSIONS Long-term survival can be achieved in approximately 25% of patients with brain metastases from testicular cancer by combined treatment with brain irradiation and aggressive cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients who develop brain metastases during systemic treatment should receive only palliative radiation therapy, since sustained survival will not be reached.
Consultants' and Patients' Views about Patient Access to their General Practice Records
Authors: N Britten, J Bartholomew, R Morris, L Zander
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 hospital consultants and 47 general practice patients, asking for their opinions about a proposed policy of partial access to records in one general practice. Eleven consultants were opposed to the policy, 10 were in favour and three were classified as ambivalent. Arguments against access were couched largely in terms of consultants' own interests whereas arguments in favour of access were couched in terms of patients' interests. Although 81% of patients interviewed said that they should in principle be allowed to see their own records, only 51% wanted access to their own records. Fears expressed by consultants on patients' behalf are not necessarily well founded.
High-dose intravenous melphalan: a review.
Authors: B L Samuels, J D Bitran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To review the clinical pharmacology and clinical trials that have used intravenous (IV) high-dose melphalan (HDM). METHODS We reviewed the mechanism of action, clinical pharmacology, and clinical studies of HDM with and without autologous bone marrow support (ABMT) or peripheral-blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) in the following disease areas: myeloma, ovarian cancer, malignant lymphoma, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and acute leukemia. RESULTS HDM has a distribution half-life (t1/2 alpha) of 5 to 15 minutes and an elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) of 17 to 75 minutes at doses of 140 to 180 mg/m2, with significant intrapatient variability. At these doses, a wide range of areas under the concentration/time curve (AUC) have been reported, ie, 146 to 1,515 mg/min/mL. HDM has significant clinical activity in patients with multiple myeloma in relapse or when used as consolidative therapy in relapsed ovarian cancer, relapsed Hodgkin's disease, breast cancer, and relapsed neuroblastoma. Additional studies are required to determine the activity of HDM in Ewing's sarcoma or acute leukemia. Toxicities of HDM include myelosuppression, moderate nausea and vomiting, moderate to severe mucositis and diarrhea, and, infrequently, hepatic venoocclusive disease. CONCLUSION HDM has become an established and effective salvage regimen for children with relapsed neuroblastoma, as well as an effective consolidative treatment for children with high-risk disease (stage IV). HDM is emerging as an active and effective mode of treatment in patients with stage II and III myeloma. The favorable toxicity profile of HDM and the availability of PBPCs allows for repetitive therapy.
Spontaneous Tumors and Atypical Proliferation of Pancreatic Acinar Cells in Mastomys (Praomys) natalensis2
Authors: Syun Hosoda, Harumi Suzuki, Minoru Suzuki
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

In 17 of 90 untreated 2-year-old Mastomys (Praomys) natalensis, an acinar cell tumor was observed, and atypical acinar proliferation was noted in 30. The lesions, either neoplastic or proliferative, consisted of large polygonal cells with prominent nucleili in the enlarged hyperchromatic nuclei. The cytopalsms of these cells were polychromatic and were characterized by a central eosinophilic granular area and a peripheral basophilic fibrillar zone around an eccentric nucleus. The differntiated cells retained acinar organization with occasional fromation of small luminal spaces, but the less-differentiated cells, particularly in the anaplastic tumor nodules, lacked polarity and lost lamost completely the normal acinar architecture. Eelctron microscopy of 1 tumor nodule revealed numerous zymogen granules of various sizes and an abundance of often dilated, rought endoplasmic reticulum. No defnite ductlike structure was found within the lesions, and metastic spread was not evident in any of the organs examined. Isntead, normal pancreatic tissues of Mastomys frequently contained small foci of degenerated acini in which thin psuedoducts proliferated.
Detection of linear IgE deposits in bullous pemphigoid and mucous membrane pemphigoid: a useful clue for diagnosis
Authors: S. Yayli, N. Pelivani, H. Beltraminelli, U. Wirthmüller, Z. Beleznay, M. Horn, L. Borradori
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease of the skin associated with IgG autoantibodies to BP180 and BP230, while mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) comprises a heterogeneous group of autoimmune blistering diseases characterized by a predominant mucous membrane involvement and scarring tendency associated with an autoantibody response to various autoantigens, including BP180. While the pathogenicity of IgG autoantibodies to BP180 has been demonstrated in BP, the role of IgE autoantibodies in mediating tissue damage in BP and MMP is unclear.To assess the presence of tissue-bound IgE in patients with BP and MMP, and their correlation with distinct clinical features.In this retrospective study, we assessed the presence of IgE deposits as detected by direct immunofluorescence microscopy of skin biopsy specimens obtained from 44 and 13 patients with a new diagnosis of BP and MMP, respectively. Distinct clinical features at time of diagnosis, such as itch, urticarial papules and plaques and eczematous lesions, were noted.In 18 of 44 (41%) patients with BP linear deposits of IgE of variable intensity were detectable along the dermoepidermal junction. In 14 (32%) of the cases, IgE deposits were found concomitantly with IgG and C3. In two (5%) patients, diagnosis of BP was based on the isolated detection of IgE together with consistent clinicopathological features. Nine of 13 (69%) patients with MMP also exhibited linear IgE deposits, including one case with isolated linear IgE deposits. Patients with BP with tissue-bound IgE deposits had clinically significant urticarial papules and plaques when compared with patients with BP without IgE deposits.Our findings indicate that demonstration of tissue-bound IgE deposits provides an additional useful criterion for diagnosis of BP and MMP in some patients. Prospective studies are needed to better correlate the presence of tissue-bound and circulating IgE autoantibodies and their specificity with distinct clinical features and course of BP and MMP.
Pancreatic Stellate Cells (PSCs) express Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pancreatic cancer stimulates COX-2 in PSCs
Authors: Seiya Yoshida, Michael Ujiki, Xian-Zhong Ding, Carolyn Pelham, Mark S Talamonti, Richard H Bell, Woody Denham, Thomas E Adrian
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2005)

Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), the inducible form of prostaglandin G/H synthase, is associated with several human cancers including pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a central role in the intense desmoplasia that surrounds pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The present study examined COX-2 expression in PSCs. PSCs isolated from normal rats, were cultured and exposed to conditioned medium (CM) from the human pancreatic cell line, PANC-1. COX-2 expression was evaluated by immunostaining and western blotting. Proliferation of PSCs was determined by thymidine incorporation and cell counting. COX-2 was found to be constitutively expressed in PSCs, and COX-2 protein was up-regulated by PANC-1 CM. Moreover, the induction of COX-2 by PANC-1 CM was prevented by U0126, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 inhibitor suggesting that activation of ERK 1/2 is needed for stimulation of COX-2. Finally, NS398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, reduced the growth of PSCs by PANC-1 CM, indicating that activation of COX-2 is required for cancer stimulated PSC proliferation. The results suggest that COX-2 may play an important role in the regulation of PSC proliferation in response to pancreatic cancer.
The Relationship Between Diet and Rat Fecal Bacterial Enzymes Implicated in Colon Cancer 2 3
Authors: Barry R. Goldin, Sherwood L. Gorbach
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article The Relationship Between Diet and Rat Fecal Bacterial Enzymes Implicated in Colon Cancer Get access Barry R. Goldin, Barry R. Goldin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sherwood L. Gorbach Sherwood L. Gorbach Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 2, August 1976, Pages 371–375, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.2.371 Published: 01 August 1976 Article history Received: 05 November 1975 Accepted: 17 February 1976 Published: 01 August 1976
Immunotherapeutic Effects of Partially Purified Tumor-Specific Transplantation Antigens on Pulmonary Metastases of a 3-Methylcholanthrene-lnduced Sarcoma in Mice: A Preliminary Report&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T Tanaka, N R Pellis, B D Kahan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTA), which were partially purified by preparative isoelectric focusing of 3-M KCl extracts of a fibrosarcoma MCA-F induced in inbred female C3H/HeJ mice with 3-methylcholanthrene and previously shown to display immunotherapeutic activity against subcutaneous neoplasms, were effective against pulmonary metastases. Weekly sc injections of 25 micrograms fraction 15 decreased the number of pulmonary colonies after iv injection of tumor cells into syngeneic, virgin C3H/HeJ mice. The effect was immunologically specific; the immunoprotective fraction from the heterotypic, antigenically distinct MCA-D tumor did not affect the number of pulmonary MCA-F tumor colonies. Because fraction 15 treatment did not alter the number of extrapulmonary tumor colonies, the survival rates of hosts challenged iv with MCA-F cells were unaffected. The variant cell line MCA-F-4 was selected to detect prolonged host survival as a result of a therapeutic effect against pulmonary metastases. This line was selected for its proclivity for lung colonization and low propensity for growth in extrapulmonary sites. Cross-immunoprotection tests demonstrated that MCA-F-4 shares a TSTA with the parent tumor. Therapeutic administration of fraction 15 prolonged the survival of hosts in two settings: 1) after artificial iv injection of MCA-F-4 cells and 2) as treatment for hosts resected of 1-cm subcutaneous MCA-F-4 primary tumors and at high risk for spontaneous pulmonary metastases. Therefore, fraction 15 displayed therapeutic effects on both artificially induced and spontaneous pulmonary metastases.