tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Duodenal expression of iron transport molecules in untreated haemochromatosis subjects
Authors: K A Stuart
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background and aims:</b> In HFE associated hereditary haemochromatosis, the duodenal enterocyte behaves as if iron deficient and previous reports have shown increased duodenal expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (<i>DMT1</i>) and iron regulated gene 1 (<i>Ireg1</i>) in affected subjects. In those studies, many patients had undergone venesection, which is a potent stimulus of iron absorption. Our study investigated duodenal expression of <i>DMT1</i> (<i>IRE</i> and non-<i>IRE</i>), <i>Ireg1</i>, <i>hephaestin</i>, and duodenal cytochrome-b (<i>Dyctb</i>) in untreated C282Y homozygous haemochromatosis patients, iron deficient patients, and iron replete subjects. <b>Methods:</b> Total RNA was extracted from duodenal biopsies and expression of the iron transport genes was assessed by ribonuclease protection assay. <b>Results:</b> Expression of <i>DMT1</i> (<i>IRE</i>) and <i>Ireg1</i> was increased 3–5-fold in iron deficient subjects compared with iron replete subjects. Duodenal expression of <i>DMT1</i> (<i>IRE</i>) and <i>Ireg1</i> was similar in haemochromatosis patients and iron replete subjects but in haemochromatosis patients with elevated serum ferritin concentrations, both <i>DMT1</i> (<i>IRE</i>) and <i>Ireg1</i> expression were inappropriately increased relative to serum ferritin concentration. <i>Hephaestin</i> and <i>Dcytb</i> levels were not upregulated in haemochromatosis. <i>DMT1</i> (<i>IRE</i>) and <i>Ireg1</i> levels showed significant inverse correlations with serum ferritin concentration in each group of patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings are consistent with <i>DMT1</i> (<i>IRE</i>) and <i>Ireg1</i> playing primary roles in the adaptive response to iron deficiency. Untreated haemochromatosis patients showed inappropriate increases in <i>DMT1</i> (<i>IRE</i>) and <i>Ireg1</i> expression for a given level of serum ferritin concentration, although the actual level of expression of these iron transport genes was not significantly different from that of normal subjects.
Chronic inhibition of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase 5A prevents and reverses cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Eiki Takimoto, Hunter C Champion, Manxiang Li, Diego Belardi, Shuxun Ren, E Rene Rodriguez, Djahida Bedja, Kathleen L Gabrielson, Yibin Wang, David A Kass
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
THE PRESCRIBING OF DEXTROSE PHLEBOCLYSIS
Authors: BERNARD FANTUS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Dextrose phleboclysis1is, in certain conditions, a life-saving measure. It would be a shocking revelation could statistics be collected as to the number of people who annually die from hypohydration of the system, when their lives might have been spared by the parenteral administration of 5 per cent dextrose solution, of the number of patients lost from hypochloridation when dextrose-saline phleboclysis might have prevented their death, the number of ketosis deaths that might not have occurred had dextrose been given, and the occasional life that might have been saved by osmotherapy. What is no less pathetic is that, in instances, lives are lost in the conditions mentioned even though dextrose solution was administered, simply because the patient was not given enough, or because the remedy was not employed early enough, or because the solution administered was not of the proper composition.  The reasons are not far to seek. Dextrose
NERVOUS DEPRESSION AS A SEQUEL OF INFLUENZA.
Authors: B. J. BYRNE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

I wish especially to call attention to two features of this depression, for I do not know that they follow any other disease, so I regard them as the most remarkable and probably the most important of any of the phenomena that are associated with influenza. These features are the subnormal temperature and the reduced pulse-rate. In the cases of which I have kept records, the temperature ran from 97 to 95 F., and the pulse from 60 to 48, for weeks and months. This is most characteristic of the disease, and it strikes me as most strange that it has not been described. I have read over the works of Osler, Wood, Fitz, Lyman, Whittaker, Struempell, Tyson and Pepper, and none of them speak of this subnormal temperature and reduced pulse-rate which, I have noticed, follow influenza. Tyson says: "Weakness following influenza may be extreme, and the slightest effort,
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy mutations alter shear response without changes in cell–cell adhesion
Authors: Venkatesh Hariharan, Angeliki Asimaki, Jarett E. Michaelson, Eva Plovie, Calum A. MacRae, Jeffrey E. Saffitz, Hayden Huang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

AimsThe majority of patients diagnosed with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) have mutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins, raising the possibility that abnormal intercellular adhesion plays an important role in disease pathogenesis. We characterize cell mechanical properties and molecular responses to oscillatory shear stress in cardiac myocytes expressing mutant forms of the desmosomal proteins, plakoglobin and plakophilin, which are linked to ARVC in patients.
P77 BIOMARKERS AND METABOLIC PROFILES OF HEPATO-CELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC): METABOLOMIC ANALYSIS OF HUMAN TISSUES BY H-NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: C. Teilhet, D. Morvan, J. Joubert-Zakeyh, P. Dechelotte, D. Pezet, E. Buc, B. Pereira, A.-S. Biesse, G. Lamblin, S. Massoulier, M. Peoc'h, J. Porcheron, M.-P. Vasson, A. Demidem, A. Abergel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
A STUDY OF CODEIN AND ITS SALTS.
Authors: GEO. J. LOCHBOEHLER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Codein has been employed since its discovery in 1832 for various affections accompanied by pain, as a substitute for morphin, which had been in use for seventeen years before the above date. The drug has gained a prominence not hitherto accorded it, with the appearanceof epidemic influenza and its sequelæ throughout this country during the severe winter just past. Codein is administered alone or as one of its salts. It forms combinations with the mineral and organic acids, which are much more soluble than the alkaloid itself. The<i>acetate, citrate, hydrobromate, hydrochlorate, hydroiodate, nitrate</i>and<i>sulphate</i>have physical and therapeutic properties in common and are soluble in from five to twenty parts of cold water, more so in hot water, from which they recrystallize to a certain extent on cooling. The<i>phosphate</i>is a white crystalline powder, soluble in four parts of cold water, and is especially suited for hypodermic
Flaviviruses and Bone Marrow Failure
Authors: Neal S. Young
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> IN MARCH 1989, a 21-year-old army private was transferred to the Clinical Center for treatment of aplastic anemia. He had been well until October 1988, when he had a serologically documented episode of hepatitis B; symptoms of malaise and lethargy persisted until January 1989, when he developed nose bleeds, gum oozing, and easy bruising. In early February 1989, peripheral blood cell counts were obtained: hematocrit, 0.18; leukocyte count, 1.1×10<sup>9</sup>/L; and platelet count, 8 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L. A bone marrow was acellular. Fever developed, and administration of antibiotics was begun empirically. He was transferred from his base in Italy to Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, where serological studies revealed antibodies to hepatitis B core and surface antigens and to hepatitis A but no hepatitis B core antigen or IgM antibody to core antigen. Administration of antibiotics was discontinued without recurrence of fever, and he
Sulphapyridine in Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: J. G. MacLeod
Journal: BMJ (1941)

The patienit was a. woman, aged 3., who was to have ain ermpyema drained.Anaesthesia was induced uneventfully wil;h nitrous-oxideoxygen and trichlorethylene.After a rib resection a large exploring needle was passed in several direc- tions to locate the pus, but without result.At this point temporary apnoea occurred, but natural breathing was soon re-established, and the remainder of the operation was com- pleted under pure nitrous-oxide -oxygen.Just as the woundc was being closed the respiration and circulation ceased, appar- ently simultaneously, and all efforts at resuscitation failed.The relevant findings at the necropsy were: (1) a localized empyema higher than the exploring needle had reached; (2) free blood in the pleural and peritoneal cavities; and (3) de- generation of the heart muscle.Some air was present in the cerebral arteries, but the diagnosis of air embolism could not be definitely established as the vessels were unfortunately Summary and Conclusions This article must be regarded as an interim report, and it is not suggested that our present knowledge of trichlor- ethylene warrants its recommendation as an inhalation anaesthetic.At the same time the drug appears to have enough good qualities to render a more exhaustive investi- gation profitable.It appears that trichlorethylene generally resembles chloroform but is less potent and less toxic.It is desired to express thanks for much help from Mr. B. Rait-Smith, who made nineteen administrations; also to Dr. Keele for his electrocardiographic work and to Dr. Jordan for his biochemical investigations.
Dutch clinic is ordered to stop giving stem cell therapy
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A Dutch healthcare watchdog has ordered a clinic in Rotterdam to stop giving patients a treatment in which patients are injected with stem cells taken from umbilical cord blood. The clinic claims that the injection of stem cells can “target cells in a manner specific to an individual's condition.”

A four month investigation into the Preventive Medicine Clinic by the Dutch Healthcare Inspectorate has concluded that the clinic is not providing “responsible …
Determination of Organ Area Application to Thyroid
Authors: CAROL S. MARCUS, STUART G. MIRELL, DOUGLAS MILOSAVLJEVIC, ROBERT C. CULLISON, WILLIAM H. BLAHD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

A method has been developed for the quantification of a projected organ area using a standard gamma camera with pinhole collimation and computer processing of two vertically displaced images. Formulae have been derived expressing the uniquely determined quadratic relationship between object area and aperture distance with respect to projective image areas. This technique is extremely simple and its successful application to thyroid imaging is described.
Antihypertensive treatment in pregnancy: analysis of different responses to oxprenolol and methyldopa.
Authors: E D Gallery, M R Ross, A Z Gyory
Journal: BMJ (1985)

One hundred and eighty three hypertensive pregnant women were randomly assigned to antihypertensive treatment with oxprenolol (96 women) or methyldopa (87 women). Control of hypertension was equivalent in both treatment groups, and in 64 (35%) cases hydralazine had to be added to the treatment to achieve the therapeutic goal (diastolic blood pressure below 85 mm Hg). Five perinatal deaths occurred, one in the oxprenolol group and four in the methyldopa group. Detailed analysis confirmed a previous report of greater fetal growth in the group treated with oxprenolol; this trend was present regardless of severity of hypertension and parity. With increasing duration of treatment the differences between the two groups diminished, and there was no difference after 10 weeks of treatment, a finding that may explain some of the reported discrepancies among therapeutic studies. As hypertension in pregnancy may pursue an accelerated course, necessitating urgent delivery, and there is no satisfactory method of predicting the duration of treatment in individual patients fetal benefit is most likely to be achieved by treatment with oxprenolol, provided that there is no maternal contraindication to treatment with beta blockers.
THE INDICATIONS FOR MYOMECTOMY IN YOUNG MARRIED WOMEN, WITH A REPORT OF FOUR CASES OF STRANGULATION OF FIBROIDS DURING PUERPERAL INVOLUTION.
Authors: EDWARD REYNOLDS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

My belief that the comparative rareness of the accident which forms the subject of this paper, together with the absence of any description of it from the more accessible literature, makes me think these four cases worthy of record; and, moreover, that their considerable clinical importance makes a systematic presentation of the accident worth attempting. These are the two objects of the present paper. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —M. L., a primipara of 30, seen March 12, 1898, with Dr. C. W. Townsend. She was delivered by normal labor on March 9. At the time of the labor, Dr. Townsend discovered a fibroid tumor as large as a mandarin orange on the anterior face of the uterus, near the left cornu. On March 11, she began to have extremely sharp pain in the region of the fibroid, which then became very tender to the touch. This pain came in paroxysms, was intermittent,
Variable Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Resistance in Fibroblasts from Patients with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
Authors: Steven K. Huang, Scott H. Wettlaufer, Cory M. Hogaboam, Kevin R. Flaherty, Fernando J. Martinez, Jeffrey L. Myers, Thomas V. Colby, William D. Travis, Galen B. Toews, Marc Peters-Golden
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Prostaglandin (PG) E2, a cyclooxygenase-derived lipid mediator, is a potent down-regulator of fibroblast activation in normal lung fibroblasts. Although fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are known to exhibit a defect in PGE2 synthesis, there is little information about their responsiveness to this lipid mediator.Objectives: To compare responses to PGE2 in normal, usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), and other diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) fibroblasts.Methods: Fibroblasts were grown in vitro from well characterized control (n = 7), UIP (n = 17), or other DPLD (n = 13) lung tissue. The effects of PGE2 on fibroblast proliferation and collagen expression were determined.Measurements and Main Results: Only 3 of 12 UIP fibroblast lines exhibited PGE2-mediated inhibition of both collagen synthesis and cell proliferation, as opposed to 6 of 6 nonfibrotic control cell lines. The degree of PGE2 resistance in DPLD fibroblasts was quite variable, with UIP cells exhibiting the greatest degree of resistance to PGE2, whereas other DPLD fibroblasts manifested a degree of resistance intermediate to control and UIP. The resistance to suppression of collagen expression correlated with worse lung function. Molecular mechanisms for resistance included altered E prostanoid receptor profiles and diminished expression of the downstream kinase, protein kinase A.Conclusions: The recognition that UIP fibroblasts manifest variable refractoriness to PGE2 suppression sheds new light on the activation phenotype of these cells and on the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease.
Disulfiram Hypersensitivity and Rubber Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Peter K. Webb
Journal: JAMA (1979)

DISULFIRAM is a valuable adjunct in the outpatient therapy of ethanol abuse. Persons taking maintenance doses of disulfiram avoid alcohol, as ingestion causes unpleasant symptoms such as flushing, dyspnea, headache, and vomiting. The danger of a severe reaction with tachycardia and hypotension has received much publicity and is minimized by lower disulfiram doses, abandonment of intentional challenge with ethanol, and careful screening of candidates for cardiopulmonary disability. It is little recognized that screening should also seek a history of rubber contact sensitivity. No such precaution is noted in the disulfiram prescribing information. This case illustrates the dangers of administering disulfiram to a patient with this history. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 32-year-old white male bartender requested disulfiram therapy as an aid to resist the temptation to drink at his job. He was otherwise well, with no history of major illnesses, and had abstained from alcohol for one week. A screening
Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer and Increased Risk for Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Habibul Ahsan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Several case reports have suggested an association between radiation therapy for breast cancer and the subsequent occurrence of esophageal carcinomas. Objective: To examine the association between radiation therapy for breast cancer and subsequent esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study. Setting: Population-based U.S. cancer registries. Patients: 220 806 women in whom breast cancer was diagnosed between 1 January 1973 and 31 December 1993; 1 216 853 person-years of follow-up. Measurements: Age- and period-adjusted standardized incidence ratio as a measure of relative risk for the second primary cancer. Results: In women who had received radiation therapy for breast cancer, the relative risk for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma increased to 5.42 (95% CI, 2.33 to 10.68) and the relative risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma increased to 4.22 (CI, 0.47 to 15.25) 10 or more years after radiation therapy. No increased risk was seen for either type of carcinoma among patients with breast cancer who did not receive radiation therapy. Conclusion: The risk for esophageal carcinoma is increased in women who receive radiation therapy for breast cancer.
Mental Stress During Daily Life Triggers Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Murray A. Mittleman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Gullette et al<sup>1</sup>report on the relationship between mental stress and myocardial ischemia among patients with documented coronary artery disease and recent evidence of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. The risk of silent myocardial ischemia within 1 hour of experiencing negative emotions (tension, sadness, and frustration) was elevated between 2 and 3 times compared with periods when the subjects were not experiencing these emotions. Not surprisingly, episodes of heavy physical activity were associated with a much higher (13-fold) increase in risk of ischemia. Unlike prior studies that evaluated the relationship between laboratory-based mental stress tasks and myocardial ischemia,<sup>2-5</sup>this study used innovative methods to evaluate the relationship between reallife stressors and episodes of ischemia in free-living subjects. See also p 1521. Gullette et al<sup>1</sup>used a case-crossover design<sup>6,7</sup>to evaluate the change in risk of an episode of myocardial ischemia associated with
Coronary Perfusion Versus Cold Ischemic Arrest During Aortic Valve Surgery
Authors: RALPH N. SAPSFORD, EUGENE H. BLACKSTONE, JOHN W. KIRKLIN, ROBERT B. KARP, NICHOLAS T. KOUCHOUKOS, ALBERT D. PACIFICO, CHARLES R. ROE, EDWIN L. BRADLEY
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Sixty-four randomized patients undergoing primary, isolated, scheduled, prosthetic aortic valve replacement were studied to determine the safety of coronary perfusion and mild hypothermia (31 patients) and of cold ischemic arrest (33 patients). Cardiac performance, metabolism, and isoenzyme release and the electrocardiogram were studied early postoperatively. No differences greater than expected by chance were found between the two groups; however, the difference between group means of several hemodynamic variables was significantly larger than experimental error. Combined abnormalities of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) heart-specific isoenzymes, indicative of myocardial necrosis, were found in 33 of 48 patients (68.7%) so studied. The incidence was similar in both study groups. In 14 of 52 (27%) patients with electrocardiographic studies, changes indicative of new infarction or ischemia were demonstrated, but no differences in incidence between the two groups of patients were found. In both groups the transmyocardial excess lactate immediately postoperatively was elevated, falling to near normal over the next 24 hours. Aortic crossclamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were less by 27% and 21% respectively when cold ischemic arrest was used.
Home Office addicts index no longer exists
Authors: D. Tregoning
Journal: BMJ (1998)

patient.Surely this is an argument not for compliance but for concordance.Thirdly, they remind us that threats to the public health (posed, in their example, by non-compliant patients with open pulmonary tuberculosis) demand nothing less than strict compliance with drug treatment, in the public interest.There are similar examples from forensic mental health.Nothing in the concept of concordance asserts the necessary primacy of individual autonomy over the needs of society.In setting out our agenda of research, training, and public awareness, our working party was only too aware that we were not providing definitive answers to the problems caused by non-compliance in medicine taking.Rather, we wished to suggest a more productive way of asking the questions
BMA follows Lancet in quitting group on collaboration between doctors and drug industry
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The BMA has become the second organisation in a month to withdraw its support for a document outlining how healthcare professionals and the drug industry could collaborate.

In February, the Lancet said that it no longer backed the four page document,1 which was published in 2012 by the Ethical Standards in Health and Life Sciences Group (ESHLSG). The group is co-chaired by the president of the Royal College of Physicians, Richard Thompson, and the president of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, Deepak Khanna.2

Richard Horton, editor of the Lancet , said that the …
Intestinal malrotation and volvulus in infants and children
Authors: M. S. Shalaby, K. Kuti, G. Walker
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The parents of a 2 week old term baby presented to the out of hours general practice service late in the evening with a two hour history of green vomiting. As the baby looked well, had been passing stools and urine normally, and had a soft non-tender abdomen, they were advised to attend their own general practice the following morning. The baby arrived in the local emergency department by ambulance six hours later with intractable shock. After aggressive resuscitation, the baby was taken to theatre for emergency laparotomy that revealed intestinal ischaemia from midgut volvulus associated with malrotation.

Intestinal malrotation occurs because of failure of the normal sequence of rotation and fixation of the bowel (fig 1⇓). Duodenal obstruction can occur due to extrinsic compression from bands leading from the caecum to the lateral abdominal wall (Ladd’s bands) or from small bowel volvulus, which also leads to ischaemia of the midgut from superior mesenteric artery occlusion (fig 2⇓).1 Midgut volvulus can lead to irreversible intestinal necrosis, which is potentially fatal.1



Fig 1 Left: Diagram of normal intestinal rotation. The third part of the duodenum (a) should cross the midline, with the fourth part (b) ascending on the left of the midline to the same level as the pylorus. Shaded part of bowel represents the midgut that is exclusively supplied by the superior mesenteric artery (c). Right: Normal upper gastrointestinal contrast study





Fig 2 Left: Diagram of classic intestinal malrotation with abnormal duodenal fixation, Ladd’s bands crossing the duodenum (a), and narrow base of mesentery (b). Centre: Diagram of small bowel volvulus …