tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Basic Clinical Physiology.
Authors: John Herbert Green
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

A valuable textbook for medical students, physiotherapists, and nurses, revised and updated for the third edition. New sections are included on ions and the heart, sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, haemophilia, protection of airways, and disorders of the intestinal tract.
Beta-Blockade With Nebivolol in Elderly Heart Failure Patients With Impaired and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Alain Cohen-Solal, Michael Böhm, Stefan D. Anker, Daphne Babalis, Michael Roughton, Andrew J.S. Coats, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Marcus D. Flather
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Salivary microbiota reflects changes in gut microbiota in cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Naga S. Betrapally, Phillip B. Hylemon, Douglas M. Heuman, Kalyani Daita, Melanie B. White, Ariel Unser, Leroy R. Thacker, Arun J. Sanyal, Dae Joong Kang, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Patrick M Gillevet
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Altered gut microbiome is associated with systemic inflammation and cirrhosis decompensation. However, the correlation of the oral microbiome with inflammation in cirrhosis is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the oral microbiome in cirrhosis and compare with stool microbiome. Outpatients with cirrhosis (with/without hepatic encephalopathy [HE]) and controls underwent stool/saliva microbiome analysis (for composition and function) and also systemic inflammatory evaluation. Ninety‐day liver‐related hospitalizations were recorded. Salivary inflammation was studied using T helper 1 cytokines/secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA), histatins and lysozyme in a subsequent group. A total of 102 patients with cirrhosis (43 previous HE) and 32 age‐matched controls were included. On principal component analysis (PCA), stool and saliva microbiome clustered far apart, showing differences between sites as a whole. In salivary microbiome, with previous HE, relative abundance of autochthonous families decreased whereas potentially pathogenic ones ( Enterobacteriaceae , Enterococcaceae ) increased in saliva. Endotoxin‐related predicted functions were significantly higher in cirrhotic saliva. In stool microbiome, relative autochthonous taxa abundance reduced in previous HE, along with increased Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae . Cirrhotic stool microbiota demonstrated a significantly higher correlation with systemic inflammation, compared to saliva microbiota, on correlation networks. Thirty‐eight patients were hospitalized within 90 days. Their salivary dysbiosis was significantly worse and predicted this outcome independent of cirrhosis severity. Salivary inflammation was studied in an additional 86 age‐matched subjects (43 controls/43 patients with cirrhosis); significantly higher interleukin (IL)−6/IL‐1β, secretory IgA, and lower lysozyme, and histatins 1 and 5 were found in patients with cirrhosis, compared to controls. Conclusions: Dysbiosis, represented by reduction in autochthonous bacteria, is present in both saliva and stool in patients with cirrhosis, compared to controls. Patients with cirrhosis have impaired salivary defenses and worse inflammation. Salivary dysbiosis was greater in patients with cirrhosis who developed 90‐day hospitalizations. These findings could represent a global mucosal‐immune interface change in cirrhosis. (H epatology 2015;62:1260‐1271)
The IRS-pathway operates distinctively from the stat-pathway in hematopoietic cells and transduces common and distinct signals during engagement of the insulin or interferon-α receptors
Authors: Shahab Uddin, Eleanor N. Fish, Dorie Sher, Concetta Gardziola, Oscar R. Colamonici, Merrill Kellum, Paula M. Pitha, Morris F. White, Leonidas C. Platanias
Journal: Blood (1997)
Heterogeneity of helper/inducer T lymphocytes. II. Effects of interleukin 4- and interleukin 2-producing T cell clones on resting B lymphocytes.
Authors: W H Boom, D Liano, A K Abbas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

To compare the helper function of murine T cell clones that secrete IL-2 and IFN-gamma (Th1 cells) or IL-4 and IL-5 (Th2), purified resting B cells were stimulated with F(ab')2 rabbit anti-mouse Ig (RAMG) and rabbit Ig-specific, class II MHC-restricted cloned T cells belonging to the two subsets. Both Th2 clones examined induced strong proliferative responses of B cells in the presence of RAMG, as well as the secretion of IgM and IgG1 antibodies. In contrast, the Th1 clones tested failed to stimulate B cell growth or antibody secretion. Th2-mediated B cell activation was dependent on IL-4 and IL-5, and was also inhibited by IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells present in the same cultures. However, the failure of Th1 cells to help resting B cells could not be reversed with neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma antibody. In addition to this inhibitory effect, IFN-gamma was required for the secretion of IgG2a antibody, particularly when B cells were stimulated with polyclonal activators such as LPS. Finally, both sets of T cell clones secreted lymphokines when stimulated with purified B cells and RAMG. These experiments demonstrate that T cells that differ in lymphokine production also differ in their ability to help B cells as a result of cognate interactions at low concentrations of antigens. Moreover, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma serve different roles in the T cell-dependent proliferative and differentiative responses of resting B lymphocytes.
The Road Not Crossed
Authors: Charles R. Feldstein
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Adult Hearing Loss Hearing loss is a common problem among older individuals.Approximately 25% to 40% of adults older than 65 years have some degree of hearing loss, and it is estimated that 40% to 66% of people aged 75 years and older have hearing loss.Hearing loss is the third most common chronic health condition among older Americans after high blood pressure and arthritis.The April 16, 2003, issue of JAMA includes 2 articles on adult hearing loss.
Proteolytic cascades of human tissue kallikreins
Authors: Nashmil Emami, Iacovos P. Michael, Eleftherios P. Diamandis
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4368  Proteases are a family of enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of peptide bonds and protein disassembly. Understanding impaired activation pathways of proteases, particularly through proteolytic cascades, has been the center of extensive cancer research in the past few years. It is now evident that perturbed protease activity directly contributes to tumorogenesis and metastasis via aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, as well as, targeting non-ECM proteins of tumor microenvironment. The human tissue kallikrein (hK) family is a subgroup of secreted serine proteases, comprised of fifteen members. There is accumulating evidence that expression and proteolytic activity of various members of the hK family are dysregulated in a wide range of tumors, including ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers. Recent findings suggest that, analogous to other proteases, hKs exert their physiologic and pathologic functions through highly regulated proteolytic cascades. For instance, hK5 was shown to be autoactivated and sequentially activating hK7 in stratum corneum (SC) layer of skin. Similarly, hK2 was reported to activate hK3 in seminal plasma. Moreover, various hKs are known to be co-expressed and are coordinately up- or down- regulated in various cancer cell lines and/or tissues. Furthermore, inactive pro-hKs are activated by cleavage at their trypsin-like cleavage motifs, suggesting activation of chymotrypsin-like by trypsin-like hKs. To elucidate proteolytic cascades involved in activation of hKs, synthetic heptapeptides representing the activation sites of the fifteen hKs were designed. The ability of the active recombinant hKs to cleave the heptapeptides was examined by reversed phase HPLC. Cleavage efficiency was quantified as a time-dependent percent reduction of the peak representing uncleaved heptapeptide. Synthetic peptides representing the two cleaved fragments of each heptapeptide were used as controls to eliminate peak reduction due to non-specific degradation. We confirmed previously reported hK3 and hK7 cleavage by hK2 and hK5, respectively. In addition, we demonstrated possible activation of hKs 1-3, 5,7,8,9, and 11 by both hK5 and hK2. hK5 cleaves additional heptapeptides representing hKs 8 and 15. Activation of pro-hK3 was further confirmed using the hK3-specific flourogenic substrate, AAPF-AMC. Interestingly, we observed that excess pro- hK2 and hK3 are internally cleaved and deactivated in a dose-dependent manner by active hK5. Analogous to many other proteases, hK5 seems to be bidirectionally involved in the regulation of certain hK proteolytic cascades. experiments to elucidate the dynamic process of hK proteolytic cascades and their complex tumor-associated dysregulation are ongoing. Therapeutic manipulation of hK regulatory pathways can supplement the current clinical treatments of certain carcinomas.
Medic's Letter Home: Italian Alps, 1944
Authors: Nancy Fitz-Hugh Meneely
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 16967: Preclinical Evaluation of Biopolymer-Delivered Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Hibernating Myocardium
Authors: Céline Giordano, Stephanie L Thorn, Erik J Suuronen, Jennifer M Renaud, Talal Al-Atassi, Munir Boodhwani, Pingchuan Zhang, Kathy J Ascah, Jean N DaSilva, Rob A deKemp, Robert Beanlands, Marc Ruel
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Vasculogenic cell-based therapy combined with tissue engineering is a promising revascularization solution for patients with hibernating myocardium (HM), a common clinical condition. However, large animal studies are lacking and we therefore used a clinically relevant pig model of HM to examine the benefits of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and biopolymer therapy in this context. We hypothesized that the delivery of EPCs within a matrix would yield greater improvements in myocardial blood flow (MBF), metabolism, and function than EPCs alone or PBS control. Methods: Twenty-three Yorkshire swine underwent placement of an ameroid constrictor on the left circumflex artery (LCx). After 2 weeks, animals underwent echocardiography, a rest and a dipyridamole-induced stress 13N-NH3 PET scan, and a rest 18FDG-PET viability scan. At the same time, EPCs were isolated and cultured for 1 week, and swine were randomized to intramyocardial injections (total: 3 ml) of PBS (n=9), EPCs (∼30 x 106; n=7), or EPCs + a collagen-based matrix (n=7). PET imaging was repeated 4 weeks post treatment, and swine were sacrificed the following week. Results: Hibernation was detected in 60% of animals and was specific to the LCx region (p=0.002). Baseline MBF was reduced at rest and stress in the affected region, compared to the remote area (1.13 ± 0.09 vs. 1.57 ± 0.15 ml/min/g at stress, respectively, p=0.01). At follow-up, MBF at stress and myocardial flow reserve (not shown) were higher in the EPC + matrix group compared to EPCs or PBS (EPCs + matrix: +21 ± 13%; EPCs -17 ± 8%; PBS: +5 ± 10%, p&lt;0.05). This was paralleled by improved wall motion abnormalities (EPCs + matrix by 30 ± 9 %; EPCs by 22 ± 21%; PBS by 15 ± 12 %) and improved mismatch scores (EPCs + matrix by 79 ± 10%; EPCs by 55 ± 15%; PBS by 35 ± 19%)(all p&lt;0.05). MBF at stress in the LCx segments positively correlated with smooth muscle actin staining for arterioles (r=0.7; p=0.02). Conclusions: This preclinical swine model successfully demonstrated the creation of HM, which was improved by vasculogenic cell therapy. The additional effects conferred by a collagen-based delivery matrix over EPCs alone included improved MBF in the EPC + matrix group, as well as circulatory and metabolic recovery with improvements in myocardial function.
Patient Oriented DNA Based Therapy from the Bench to the Patient
Authors: Patricia Ohana, Ofer Gofrit, Basem Ayesh, Imad Matouk, Tatiana Birman, Suhail Ayesh, Aya Mizrahi, Ami Sidi, Tamar Schneider, Nathan de Groot, Abraham Hochberg
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The objective of the present study is to develop novel DNA based therapy strategies for bladder cancer. The successful development of anti-tumor gene therapy depends on the use of a combinatorial approach aimed at targeted delivery and specific expression of effective anti-tumor agents. Our laboratory characterized in depth the H19 expression profile in tumors. We seek to explore the potential of regulatory sequences of the H19 gene and of other differentially expressed genes in tumors for directing tumor-selective expression of toxins or suicide genes delivered by non-viral vectors. In this tumor-specific approach of DNA based therapy we use the differences in the expression profiles of a tumor compared to that of its surrounding normal tissue in an individual patient to tailor the most efficient therapy. We propose to use the regulatory sequences of the imprinted gene H19 for the development of DNA based therapy of human bladder carcinoma.
Multimedia: WEBSITE OF THE WEEK
Authors: Douglas Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1999)

www.rights.org/deathnet/open.html Death is always with us, and human actions to hasten it are always controversial—that is, if you are a retired physician assisting the sufferers of terminal disease to shuffle off the mortal coil. Dr Jack Kevorkian was conducting his own defence last week after millions of television viewers had watched a video of him delivering a fatal injection. Different aspects of the case will interest different people: in hypertext you construct your own story with search engines, and an unusual name makes for a straightforward digital search.
Abstract P104: Change in Measures of Adiposity in Young Adulthood and Middle-Age Sleep Apnea Risk: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: TIAN HU, Suzanne Bertisch, Wei Chen, Jeanette Gustat, Larry Webber, Shengxu Li, Kirk Pak, Sathanur Srinivasan, Gerald Berenson, Lydia Bazzano
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Persons with obesity are at high risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); however, the relationship between obesity in young adulthood and future OSA risk is unknown. Methods: We prospectively examined the association between changes in measures of adiposity in young adulthood and subsequent risk of OSA in 857 middle-aged adults free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Data included at least 2 measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, and waist/height ratio) after 18 years of age. High-risk of OSA was defined as 2 of the following: hypertension, persistent snoring, and persistent daytime sleepiness, based on modified Berlin Questionnaire score, excluding BMI. Persistent snoring was defined as snoring on ≥3 nights/week, snoring louder than talking or very loud, and breathing pauses on ≥3 nights/week. Persistent daytime sleepiness was defined as feeling tired ≥3 days/week after sleeping, feeling tired during time awake ≥3 days/week, and falling asleep while driving. Results: The sample was 42% male and 32% African-American. Mean age was 43 years and mean BMI was 31 kg/m 2 when sleep outcomes were measured. BMI increased by 6.1 kg/m 2 over 25 years, waist circumference increased by 16.4 cm over 22 years, waist/hip ratio increased by 0.05 over 15 years, and waist/height ratio increased by 0.09 over 22 years. There were 235 (27%) participants with high-risk of OSA. In multivariate log linear regression models, participants with a one standard deviation increase in BMI had 1.30 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.49) times the risk of OSA, after adjustment for age, gender, race, educational level, leisure-time physical activity, regular drinking, current smoking, and years of follow-up. Participants with a one standard deviation increase in BMI, waist circumference, and waist/height ratio had 1.35 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.50), 1.17 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.27), and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.34) times the risk of persistent snoring. The association was not significant for persistent daytime sleepiness. Waist/hip ratio was not significantly associated with any sleep-related outcome. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that an increase in BMI in young adulthood is an independent predictor of high-risk of OSA in middle age. Increases in BMI, waist circumference, and waist/height ratio are independently associated with persistent snoring in middle age.
Ethics Consultation: Skills, Roles, and Training
Authors: John La Puma, David L. Schiedermayer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

A clinical ethics consultant gathers information firsthand at the patient's bedside. The consultant's special clinical skills include the ability to identify and analyze ethical problems; use reasonable clinical judgment; communicate effectively; negotiate and facilitate negotiations; and teach others how to construct their own ethical frameworks for medical decision making. Appropriate roles for the consultant include those of professional colleague, negotiator, patient and physician advocate, case manager, and educator. The training necessary for an ethics consultant includes substantial patient care experience, instruction in health care law and moral reasoning, and preparation in medical humanism. We favor a clinical model for ethics consultation. When urgent care is needed, other consultants promptly see the patient; the clinical ethics consultant can be expected to do the same.
The Dancing Couple
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 18514: The Degree of Microvascular Constriction During Mental Stress Predicts the Development of Mental Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Ronnie Ramadan, David S Sheps, James D Bremner, Viola Vaccarino, Arshed A Quyyumi
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSI) has been linked to a higher rate of fatal and non-fatal cardiac events in patients with CAD, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk models. Coronary vascular constriction with mental stress is a potential mechanism of MSI that may be reflected as constriction in the peripheral circulation. Moreover, peripheral arterial constriction may itself contribute to MSI by increasing afterload. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that a more pronounced microvascular constrictor response to mental stress will be predictive of development of MSI. Methods: Patients with stable CAD (n=116) underwent a standardized mental stress test using a public speaking task. Myocardial perfusion imaging with 99m-Tc-sestamibi was used for rest and stress images. MSI was defined as a summed difference score of ≥4, based on the difference between summed stress and rest perfusion scores. Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) was used to assess peripheral microvascular function during rest and mental stress. The PAT response was calculated as a ratio of the lowest pulse wave amplitude during the speaking task to the final three minutes of pulse wave amplitude during baseline rest. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between PAT response and MSI. Models were adjusted for established CAD risk factors, and medications. Results: Patients with MSI (n=16, 14%) had a significantly lower PAT ratio than those without MSI (0.49 ±0.26 vs. 0.72± 0.34, p=0.01). Furthermore, the PAT response during mental stress was an independent predictor of the development of MSI, even after adjusting for aforementioned covariates (p=0.01). The peak rate-pressure product and diastolic BP during speech were similar in those with or without MSI (13580±4873 vs. 12947±2914, p=0.5; and 101±14 vs. 99±12, p=0.6, respectively). Systolic BP, diastolic BP, and heart rate changes from rest to speech were similar in those with and without MSI. Conclusion: The degree of peripheral microvascular constriction in response to mental stress predicts the risk of developing MSI in patients with stable CAD. Whether the PAT response during mental stress portends a worse long term prognosis needs to be investigated.