tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P386: Salt is an Important Risk Factor for Hypertension in Rural Disadvantaged Populations
Authors: Asvini K Subasinghe, Simin Arabshahi, Doreen Busingye, Roger G Evans, Karen Z Walker, Michaela A Riddell, Amanda G Thrift
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Hypertension is the greatest contributor to mortality globally, and its prevalence is high in low to middle income countries (LMICs). High salt intake and poor dietary choices are associated with the risk of hypertension, but their role in rural areas of LMICs is unclear. Hypotheses: We aimed to establish the prevalence of high salt intake and to examine whether there is a clear relationship between high salt intake and hypertension in disadvantaged rural settings. We also aimed to assess the available information about the association of hypertension with other dietary factors. Methods: We searched electronic databases to identify studies in rural LMICs, in which the association of salt and other dietary factors with hypertension were assessed using multivariable models. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess these associations using a random effects model. Results: We identified 13 studies with a total of 134,404 participants for the systematic review. The pooled effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for studies in which salt intake was assessed as a categorical variable (n=5) were 1.31 (95% CI: 1.19,1.44) in all participants, 1.70 (0.99,2.92) in males and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.04,1.54) in females. We also found a positive association between fat intake and the risk of hypertension (n=2) 1.47 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.90).There were few studies of other dietary factors and hypertension in rural regions of LMICs. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, no other systematic review and or meta-analyses have been conducted to investigate the relationship between diet and hypertension in rural populations of LMICs. Our findings show that high salt intake is a significant risk factor for hypertension in rural areas of LMICs. We also show a large gap in the literature regarding the relationship between dietary factors other than salt with the risk of hypertension. Salt reduction strategies should be implemented on a community level in these populations in order to drive a change in dietary behaviour.
Abstract 579: HPP1's tumor suppressive effects are mediated by ectodomain shedding but not by juxtacrine signaling
Authors: Abul Elahi, Abidemi Ajidahun, Whalen Clark, Jonathan Hernandez, Leigh Ann Humphries, David Shibata
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: The tumor suppressor gene; HPP1 is downregulated in over 80% of colorectal cancers (CRC) and has potential as a serum and stool-based biomarker. HPP1 is a secreted transmembrane protein that contains an Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) - like domain, two follistatin modules, and a cytosolic tail with a potential G-protein activating motif. The soluble ectodomain of HPP1 gene may undergo cleavage and functions as an EGF-like ligand which may bind to erbB family receptors. We sought to investigate the importance of cleavage and the possiblity of a juxtacrine role of the flanking EGF-like domain in the context of HPP1's tumor suppressive function.. Methods: An HPP1 double deletion construct (DD) lacking the juxtamembrane stalk cleavage site and an additional 4 amino acid residues (299-320) that constitutes the critical portion of the EGF-like domain was developed by PCR-based overlap extension mutagenesis. HPP1 non-expressing HCT116 cell lines were transfected with either wild-type HPP1 (WT), empty vector (EV) or double deletion construct (DD). Effects on proliferation (MTT assay) and anchorage-indpendent growth (soft agar assay) were evaluated. Results: We have previously shown that overexpression of HPP1 results in substantial reduction in proliferation, growth in soft agar, and tumorigenicity. We have also identified that transfection of HPP1 with a deleted stalk sequence cleavage site (amino acid residues 303-320) results in a near-complete attenuation of its tumor suppressive effects. In order to determine whether there is a contributory juxtacrine effect of non-cleaved HPP1, we transfected the double deletion construct with a non-functioning EGF-like domain. Successful transfections of EV, WT, and DD were confirmed by RT-PCR. DD cells had similar proliferative potential and growth in soft agar when compared to EV cells (p = 0.609 and p= 0.263, respectively). When compared to WT, DD cells demonstrated a loss of HPP1's growth suppressive impact on cellular proliferation (optical density; 0.16± 0.03 vs. 0.31±0.04, p= 0.0001) and colony formation in soft agar (14.7 ± 5.5 vs. 278 ± 95.0, p= 0.009). Conclusion: HPP1's tumor suppressive effects in colorectal cancer require cleavage and ectodomain shedding. However, it is unlikely that HPP1's biologic functions are mediated via an additional juxtacrine mechanism in this setting. Citation Format: Abul Elahi, Abidemi Ajidahun, Whalen Clark, Jonathan Hernandez, Leigh Ann Humphries, David Shibata. HPP1's tumor suppressive effects are mediated by ectodomain shedding but not by juxtacrine signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 579. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-579
Time out for good behaviorBehavioral Endocrinology, Second Edition edited by Jill B. Becker, S. Marc Breedlove, David Crews and Margaret M. McCarthy. MIT Press, 2002. US$45.00 (xxx + 776 pages) ISBN 0 262 52321 3
Authors: P CALLAHAN
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (2003)
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of the topoisomerase inhibitor irinotecan in cancer patients.
Authors: E Gupta, R Mick, J Ramirez, X Wang, T M Lestingi, E E Vokes, M J Ratain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE We conducted a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of irinotecan (CPT-11) and determined the effect of race and sex on disposition and toxicity of CPT-11. We tested the efficacy of acetaminophen (AAP) to phenotype SN-38 glucuronidation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty patients received a dose of 145 mg/m2 of CPT-11 as a 90-minute infusion. Total CPT-11, SN-38, and SN-38G were quantitated in plasma and urine samples. Following administration of 1 g AAP, urinary concentrations of AAP and AAP-glucuronide (AAP-G) were assessed. RESULTS CPT-11 exhibited a mean elimination half-life (t1/2) of 8.8 hours, an average clearance (CL) of 14.6 L/h/m2, and a mean volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) of 136 L/m2. SN-38 and SN-38G had low plasma availabilities (3% and 10% relative to CPT-11), with mean t1/2 values of 11.6 and 10.5 hours, respectively. Urinary recovery accounted for 15% of the dose. Race and sex had no effect on the plasma availability of CPT-11, SN-38, and SN-38G. The applicability of biliary index (BI) in predicting dose-limiting intestinal toxicity was validated. Patients who developed grade 3 or 4 toxicity had significantly higher index values compared with patients with grade 0 to 2 toxicity (P = .001). There was no difference in the incidence and severity of toxicity based on race and sex. AAP was a poor predictor of SN-38 glucuronidation. CONCLUSION The high degree of interpatient variability in parameter estimates suggests pharmacogenetic variation or differential induction or inhibition of the sequential metabolic pathway of CPT-11, as well as variability in transport systems. The low urinary recovery indicates substantial biliary excretion and supports the significant correlation between intestinal toxicity and BI. Black patients are not at increased risk of toxicity. An assessment of individual differences in SN-38 conjugation remains to be established.
Management of the Goiter Patient
Authors: Willard C. Stoner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 March 1928Management of the Goiter PatientWILLARD C. STONER, M.D.WILLARD C. STONER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-1-9-729 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPresent day observation indicates that thyroid disease is more prevalent than formerly and this is especially true of the adolescent goiter. Notwithstanding a vast amount of investigative work in the problem of thyroid disease the true cause remains more or less speculative. However, there are certain essential factors that have a definite bearing on the disease, the most outstanding of which is the one evolved by Marine and Lenhart, in which they have shown rather definitely that it is in part at least an iodine deficiency disease. The literature on thyroid disease is voluminous and much attention has been given... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio*Presented before the American College of Physicians at St. Luke's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, February, 1927. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1928Volume 1, Issue 9Page: 729-735KeywordsAdolescentsArmed forcesThyroid diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1928 PDF downloadLoading ...
Community Emergency Preparedness: A Manual for Managers and Policy-makers
Authors: Francine Lortie-Monette
Journal: BMJ (2001)

World Health Organization, £27, pp 147 ISBN: 92 4 154519 4

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This short manual offers a blueprint to help local, national, or international organisations prepare for community emergencies. The book focuses on the planning process, which is a logical approach when trying to help diverse communities get ready for a broad spectrum of situations. Although the authors use specialised terminology such as “vulnerability reduction” and “emergency preparedness,” the book is consistent with principles of strategic planning that have been validated in other environments. For example, …

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Erythropoietin-Induced Activation of STAT5 Is Impaired in the Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Lies H. Hoefsloot, Martine P. van Amelsvoort, Lianne C.A.M. Broeders, Dorien C. van der Plas, Kirsten van Lom, Hans Hoogerbrugge, Ivo P. Touw, Bob Löwenberg
Journal: Blood (1997)
Abstract 11341: Comparison of a 30: 2 Compression-Ventilation Ratio with a 15: 2 Compression-Ventilation Ratio for Patients Who Received Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Shinichi Shirai, Ken Nagao, Eizo Tachibana, Kei Nishikawa, Tsukasa Yagi, Naohiro Yonemoto, Morimasa Takayama, Hiroshi Nonogi, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: The AHA 2005 guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) have recommended that lay rescuers use a 30:2 compression-ventilation ratio for a...
67. Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Based Lentiviral Vector with Improved Safety Features
Authors: Rene P. Molina, Hongqing Q. Ye, James Brady, Jingli Zhang, Heather Zimmerman, Michael Kaleko, Tianci Luo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Replication competent lentivirus (RCL) has been the major safety concern associated with applications of lentivirus based gene transfer systems for human gene therapy. Minimization and elimination of overlaps between the packaging and the transfer vector constructs are expected to reduce the potential to generate RCL. We previously developed second and third generation Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV) based gene transfer systems (M. Matukonis, M. Li, R. P. Molina, B. Paszkiet, M. Kaleko, and T. Luo, 2002, Hum. Gene Ther. 13,1293–1303). However, some sequence homologies between the vector and gag/pol packaging constructs remained. We now describe a fourth generation packaging construct in which the gag/pol was recoded with codon usage optimized for expression in human cells. Expression of the recoded gag/pol was Rev/RRE independent. Thus, RRE was eliminated from the packaging construct, thereby removing a 312 bp block of homology. In addition, recoding gag/pol minimized overall homologies between the packaging and transfer vector constructs. The longest homologous sequence between the packaging construct and the transfer vector construct is only 8 bps. Moreover, recoding resulted in a 10-fold improvement in Gag/Pol expression levels. Vectors generated by the recoded packaging construct with a four plasmid system had titers greater than 1 × 106 transducing units per milliliter, equivalent to those of the earlier generation systems. The vectors were functional in vitro and efficiently transduced rat pigment epithelial cells in vivo. Generation of the synthetic packaging construct provides further advances to the safety of lentiviral vectors for clinical applications.
Abstract 3628: Differences in Implantation-Related Complications between Men and Women Receiving ICD Therapy for Primary Prevention
Authors: Pam N Peterson, Stacie A Luther, Yongfei Wang, Humberto J Vidaillet, Harlan M Krumholz, Paul A Heidenreich, Jeptha P Curtis, Frederick A Masoudi
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Studies suggest that women are at higher risk for complications with some invasive cardiac procedures. Little is known about ICD implantation-related complications in community practice. We compared rates of in-hospital complications in men and women receiving an ICD for primary prevention. Methods: Using the NCDR ICD registry, we identified a cohort of patients receiving an ICD for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death between January 2005 and April 2007. Outcomes included all complications and major complications (cardiac arrest, perforation, valve injury, coronary venous dissection, hemothorax, pneumothorax, deep phlebitis, TIA/stroke, tamponade, MI, and AV fistula). Multivariable analysis assessed the association between gender and complications, adjusting for demographic, clinical, procedural, physician, and hospital characteristics. Secondary analyses stratified by device type (ICD vs. biventricular (BiV) ICD). Results: Of the 59,833 patients, 73% were male and 27% were female. Women were more likely to have a history of heart failure (88% vs. 83%; p&lt;0.01), worse NYHA functional status (57% vs. 50% NYHA Class III; p&lt;0.01), and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (47% vs. 28%; p&lt;0.01). Women were also more likely to receive BiV ICDs (46% vs. 39%; p&lt;0.01). In unadjusted analyses, women were more likely to experience any complication and major complications (Table ). In multivariable models, women had a significantly higher risk of any complications and major complications. Results were similar when stratified by device type. Conclusions: Women are more likely than men to have in-hospital complications related to ICD implantation. As complications attenuate the benefits that might accrue from ICD therapy, the higher risk of complications may influence the decision to implant a device in women. Additionally, strategies specifically directed at preventing complications will be important to improving outcomes after ICD implantation.
Characterization of the Arrhythmogenic Substrate in Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shiro Nakahara, Roderick Tung, Rafael J. Ramirez, Yoav Michowitz, Marmar Vaseghi, Eric Buch, Jean Gima, Isaac Wiener, Aman Mahajan, Noel G. Boyle, Kalyanam Shivkumar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 2359: Heart Failure Patients Define Threshold for Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Garrick C Stewart, Kimberly Brooks, Sui W Tsang, Marc J Semigran, Colleen Smith, Linda James, Deborah Page, Catherine Saniuk, James C Fang, Gilbert H Mudge, Gregory S Couper, Kenneth L Baughman, Lynne Warner Stevenson
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Introduction: Current implantable left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have been shown to improve survival and function for patients with very late-stage heart failure (HF) but also offer benefit...
A CASE OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA AND CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: Murray L. Rich, Leon Schiff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1936)

Case Reports1 August 1936A CASE OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA AND CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIAMURRAY L. RICH, M.D., LEON SCHIFF, M.D.MURRAY L. RICH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LEON SCHIFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-10-2-252 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe combined occurrence of leukemia and pernicious anemia in one individual is undoubtedly rare. In 1900, Leube observed a patient with findings suggestive of both conditions, to which he gave the name "leukanämie." Since then a number of such cases have been reported, chiefly in the German literature. Sinek and Kohn1in 1930 reviewed the reported cases and came to the conclusion that most of them were either a true leukemia with a macrocytic type of anemia, or pernicious anemia with a leukemoid (myeloid) white cell picture. They described a case which they had followed for two and a half...Bibliography1. SINEKKOHN FE: Gleichzeitiges Bestehen perniziöser Anämie und chronischer myeloischer Leukämie, Folia haemat., 1930, xlii, 180-191. Google Scholar2. BEIGLBÖCK W: Subleukämische Myelose mit dem klinischen Bild einer perniziosen Anämie, Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1934, xlvii, 962-965. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cincinnati, Ohio*Read by title before the meeting of the Central Society for Clinical Research, November, 1934.From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati and the Medical Service of the Cincinnati General Hospital. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPernicious Anaemia and Lymphoproliferative DiseasePernicious Anaemia and Acute Leukaemia: A Case Report with Cytogenetic StudiesPERNICIOUS ANÆMIA ASSOCIATED WITH APLASTIC ANÆMIA FOLLOWING PHENYLBUTAZONE THERAPYPernicious Anemia and Polycythemia VeraPernicious Anaemia Complicated by Granulocytic Leukaemia�ber den Nachweis von Bacterium coli im Magensaft bei BlutkrankheitenMYELOGENOUS LEUKÆMIA COMPLICATING PERNICIOUS ANEMIA 1 August 1936Volume 10, Issue 2Page: 252-258KeywordsHospital medicineLeukemoidMedical servicesPernicious anemia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1936 PDF downloadLoading ...
Transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency with HLA-A,B,D,DR incompatible parental marrow cells fractionated by soybean agglutinin and sheep red blood cells
Authors: Y Reisner, N Kapoor, D Kirkpatrick, MS Pollack, S Cunningham-Rundles, B Dupont, MZ Hodes, RA Good, RJ O'Reilly
Journal: Blood (1983)
Computed Tomography of the Body.
Authors: Albert A. Moss, Gordon Gamsu, Harry K. Genant
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Computed tomography of the body , Computed tomography of the body , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی
Clinical experience of QuantiFERON®-TB Gold testing in patients with psoriasis treated with tumour necrosis factor blockers in Taiwan
Authors: H-Y. Chiu, P-R. Hsueh, T-F. Tsai
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

In Taiwan, an intermediate tuberculosis burden country, around 9·3% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with adalimumab develop tuberculosis despite prescreening with the tuberculin skin test. Within the Asia-Pacific region, the tuberculosis risk in patients with psoriasis who use tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockers is unknown.This study reports the use of QuantiFERON(®) -TB Gold (QFT-G) (Cellestis, Melbourne, Vic., Australia) as a screening method for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in patients with psoriasis.This retrospective review evaluated 216 patients with psoriasis in whom TNF blockers were considered between 2004 and 2009 in a tertiary referral hospital in Taiwan. Beginning in 2007, QFT-G was performed on all patients who were candidates for TNF blockers.Seventeen patients who used TNF blockers for less than 4 weeks were excluded. Of the 147 assessed patients receiving TNF blockers, 110 (75%) underwent QFT-G tests. A total of 126 (86%) patients used etanercept and 40 (27%) patients used adalimumab. Nineteen patients switched between both. Overall, patients had a median of 24 weeks (range 4-307) exposure to TNF blockers. Twelve patients (11%) who were treated with TNF blockers and eight (15%) without TNF blockers had positive QFT-G results. Of all TNF blocker users, only one patient (0·68%) developed tuberculosis.QFT-G can be used to screen for LTBI in a tuberculosis endemic area where bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination coverage is high. Isoniazid prophylaxis is recommended for those who have positive QFT-G test results.
Figuring the Landscape
Authors: John Willson
Journal: JAMA (2003)

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