tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mithramycin and Paget's Disease Revisited
Authors: WILL G. RYAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1984Mithramycin and Paget's Disease RevisitedWILL G. RYAN, M.D., E.W. FORDHAM, M.D.WILL G. RYAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, E.W. FORDHAM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-5-771_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a previous letter (1) we reported that a patient we had treated with mithramycin for Paget's disease of bone in 1972 was still in remission (bone scan showing no evidence of active Paget's disease in 1978 and serum alkaline phosphatase level remaining normal since therapy). A recent follow-up bone scan (2 January 1984) in this patient (courtesy of Dennis D. Patterson., M.D.: University of Arizona Health Sciences Center; Tucson, Arizona) showed no evidence of active Paget's disease, and serum alkaline phosphatase levels have remained normal. Because the patient has received no therapy for Paget's disease...Reference1. RYAN W, SCHWARTZ T, and FORDHAM E. Mithramycin and long remission of Paget's disease of bone [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:129-30. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILL G. RYAN, M.D.; E.W. FORDHAM, M.D.Affiliations: Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center Chicago, IL 60612 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe contribution of Sir James Paget (1814–1894) to the study of rheumatic diseaseApparent cure of Paget's disease of bone 1 May 1984Volume 100, Issue 5 Page: 771-771 Keywords Bone Phosphatases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Women Psychiatrists in the United States
Authors: MARYONDA SCHER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The author presents data about the number and percentage of women in medicine, along with their motivations for entering this profession. She also gives recent data about women in psychiatry: their number, areas of specialization, work settings, hours worked a week, etc. After presenting views of the stereotype of the woman physician-psychiatrist and pointing out some of the myths that have been perpetuated, she concludes with the observation that only by working together in the spirit of mutually respectful inquiry can men and women correct the mythologic errors and enlighten one another.
Reorganization of Pontine Rhythmogenic Neuronal Networks in Krox-20 Knockout Mice
Authors: Thierry Didier Jacquin, Véronique Borday, Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury, Piotr Topilko, Ginette Ghilini, Fusao Kato, Patrick Charnay, Jean Champagnat
Journal: Neuron (1996)
Pulmonary fibrogenesis after three consecutive inhalation exposures to chrysotile asbestos.
Authors: P G Coin, A R Osornio-Vargas, V L Roggli, A R Brody
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Previously, this laboratory developed a model of asbestos-induced pulmonary fibrogenesis in rats and mice after a brief (1 to 3-h) inhalation exposure. However, typical human environmental exposures would be repeated, although at lower concentrations than those used in our animal model. Here we have extended this model to encompass repeated exposures and consequent long-term effects. Groups of rats were exposed to chrysotile aerosol (10 mg/m3) for 3- to 5-h periods over 3 consecutive days. Lung fiber burden and pathologic features were studied for as long as 6 mo after exposure. We found that many of the longest (> or = 8 microm) fibers were retained in the lung for at least 6 mo, whereas shorter fibers were cleared more rapidly. The three exposures to chrysotile caused a large increase in DNA synthesis in the epithelium of terminal bronchioles and more proximal airways. When compared with a single exposure, the triple exposure caused an enhanced inflammatory response as well as a prolonged period of increased DNA synthesis in the proximal alveolar region. Hyperplastic, fibrotic lesions subsequently developed in the same region and persisted for at least 6 mo after exposure. These findings will be valuable in directing future studies of the mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis in this model.
Abstract 4716: Mitochondrial DNA variants in colorectal adenomatous polyps
Authors: Felix O. Aikhionbare, Joyce A. Akwe, Sharifeh Mehrabi, Sahil C. Tah, Joel Okoli
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Colorectal tumors mostly arise from sporadic adenomas (polyps). Polyps are defined as a mass of cells that protrudes into the lumen of the colon. Adenomatous polyps are benign neoplasms that, by definition display some characteristics of dysplasia and it has been well documented that polyps were benign tumors that may undergo malignant transformation. Adenomatous polyps have been classified into three histologic types, with increasing malignant potential; tubular, tubulovillous, and villous. The ability to differentially diagnose these colorectal adenomatous polyps is important for therapeutic intervention. To date, most efforts to identify genetic changes involved in adenomatous polyps have been focused on the nuclear genome. This study was designed to examine the relevance of mitochondrial genome alterations in the three adenomatous polyps. Using high resolution restriction endonucleases and PCR-based sequencing, fifty-seven primary fresh frozen tissues of adenomatous polyps (12 tubular and 5 matched surrounding normal tissues; 11 tubulovillous and 6 matched surrounding normal tissues and 14 villous and 9 matched surrounding normal tissues) obtained from the southern regional Cooperative Human Tissue Network (CHTN) and Grady Memorial Hospital at Atlanta were screened with three mtDNA regional primer pairs. Results from our data analyses revealed the presence of forty-seven variants in these mitochondrial genes; COX I, II, ATPase 6, 8, CYT b and ND 5. Six of the 49 variants detected were previously unreported and the MITODAT database [#J01415] was used as a sequence reference. Notably, a somatic variant C8515G/T in the MT-ATP 8 gene was observed at a frequency of 100% (12/12) in tubular adenomas and a germline variant 8327delA in the ATP 8 gene was observed at a frequency of 100% (47/47) among the tissue samples of the three adenomatous polyps. A germline variant G9055A in the MT-ATP 6 gene had a frequency of 100% (34/34) in tubular and villous adenomas; no corresponding variant was in tubulovillous adenomas. Furthermore, variant A9006G at MT-ATP 6 gene was observed at 74% (6/23) frequency of villous adenomas only. Interestingly, the A9006G variant was absent in six of the villous tissue samples that were clinicopathological designated as “polyvillous adenomas”. Our current data provide a basis for continued investigation of certain mtDNA variants as predictors of the three adenomatous polyps in a larger number of clinicopathological tissue specimens. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4716.
CLINICAL CONFIRMATION OF HEISTAD'S PREDICTONS
Authors: R. V. EDWARDS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

Reversible parkinsonism induced by ataraxics seems to be an effective treatment for schizophrenia, and appears to adhere to Heistad's predictions. If Heistad is correct, the following implications for psychiatry must be faced: 1. Submaximal physiological treatment or too rapid return of the internal environment toward normal may fail to achieve good results and may create permanent refractoriness to the treatment procedure. 2. Maximal simultaneous change of external and internal environment would be theoretically most efficacious. Waiting for several weeks after hospitalization before starting treatment may decrease a patient's chance for recovery. 3. Experiments designed to test the efficacy of any treatment procedure must be done on patients never before hospitalized or treated. Previous hospitalization or treatment would be recognized as exerting a profound influence on any present treatment procedure.
Prevalence and Extent of Atherosclerosis in Adolescents and Young Adults&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;Implications for Prevention From the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Study&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Jack P. Strong, Gray T. Malcom, C. Alex McMahan, Richard E. Tracy, William P. Newman, Edward E. Herderick, J. Fredrick Cornhill
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextAtherosclerosis, the underlying cause of coronary heart disease, has been shown to be present even in young adults.ObjectiveTo document the extent and severity of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults in the United States.Design and SettingThe Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Study, a multi-institutional autopsy study conducted in US medical centers.SubjectsA total of 2876 study subjects, between 15 and 34 years old, black and white, men and women, who died of external causes and underwent autopsy between June 1, 1987, and August 31, 1994.Main Outcome MeasuresExtent, prevalence, and topography of atherosclerotic lesions.ResultsIntimal lesions appeared in all the aortas and more than half of the right coronary arteries of the youngest age group (15-19 years) and increased in prevalence and extent with age through the oldest age group (30-34 years). Fatty streaks were more extensive in black subjects than in white subjects, but raised lesions did not differ between blacks and whites. Raised lesions in the aortas of women and men were similar, but raised lesions in the right coronary arteries of women were less than those of men. The prevalence of total lesions was lower in the right coronary artery than in the aorta, but the proportion of raised lesions among total lesions was higher in the right coronary artery than in the aorta.ConclusionsAtherosclerosis begins in youth. Fatty streaks and clinically significant raised lesions increase rapidly in prevalence and extent during the 15- to 34-year age span. Primary prevention of atherosclerosis, as contrasted with primary prevention of clinically manifest atherosclerotic disease, must begin in childhood or adolescence.
Caroli's Disease: Diagnosed by ERCP and Ultrasonography
Authors: Z. Tulassay, J. Papp, A. Szebeni, J. Szücs, T. Horváth
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

A patient with Caroli's syndrome is reported; diagnosis was made by ERCP and ultrasonography. Caroli's disease occurred in its "pure" form in this patient, i.e. dilatation was present only in the intrahepatic biliary system while the extrahepatic bile ducts were normal. Pathogenesis and differential diagnosis are surveyed on the basis of available data. Further, the possibilities of treatment and prognosis are dealt with.
Transplantation of tumour with a kidney graft.
Authors: A D Barnes, M Fox
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A cerebral glioma discovered by angiography and brain biopsy in a kidney donor was subsequently suspected of being a secondary tumour. By this time a biopsy of one of the transplanted kidneys had shown a clump of malignant cells in a glomerulus. Because of the psychological state of this recipient the transplant was not removed, but the recipient of the second kidney was immediately told of the danger of tumour cell transfer, and underwent nephrectomy. The patient remained well on haemodialysis; multiple sectioning of the kidney showed no signs of tumour. The transplant in the first recipient functioned well until his death, six months after operation. At necropsy undifferentiated tumour was found in the pleura, liver, pelvic peritoneum, and transplanted kidney. All cadaver donors should undergo full laparotomy after removal of the kidneys, particularly those with a high risk of cancer, and a full necropsy should also be performed shortly afterwards to exclude tumour and other unsuspected diseases. Then it is not too late to remove a transplanted kidney should a tumour be found.
Potential adverse effects of negative publicity surrounding antivirals for influenza
Authors: J. Dunning
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Influenza is not trivial. During the first post-pandemic winter (2010-11), there were 8797 hospital admissions for influenza in England alone. At the peak, there were 851 influenza cases in critical care beds (~20% of UK capacity), mostly younger adults and children with pandemic H1N1.1 Prehospital antiviral use was uncommon (<3%), yet antibacterial drugs were often prescribed (25% in our series; unpublished data).

The latest Cochrane review of neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza was impressive but did not investigate antiviral effectiveness in severe influenza, illness caused by pandemic …
Psychosis, Psychiatry, And Homicide
Authors: George S. Layne
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The authors wonder at the phenomenon of two "bad trips" occurring in an individual who had several other pleasant experiences with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). I have reread the article and fail to find any clue as to how the authors know that the drugs involved were LSD. In fact, they liken the bad trips to those seen in amphetamine users, and it is well known that what is sold in the drug culture as LSD may be something else entirely or at least a combination of drugs, commonly including amphetamine. Without such proof as to the exact nature of the drugs taken, the report loses validity as a case report of a specific drug reaction.
Atrial Fibrillation and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Elsayed Z. Soliman, Monika M. Safford, Paul Muntner, Yulia Khodneva, Farah Z. Dawood, Neil A. Zakai, Evan L. Thacker, Suzanne Judd, Virginia J. Howard, George Howard, David M. Herrington, Mary Cushman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Myocardial infarction (MI) is an established risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the extent to which AF is a risk factor for MI has not been investigated.To examine the risk of incident MI associated with AF.A prospective cohort of 23,928 participants residing in the continental United States and without coronary heart disease at baseline were enrolled from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort between 2003 and 2007, with follow-up through December 2009.Expert-adjudicated total MI events (fatal and nonfatal).Over 6.9 years of follow-up (median 4.5 years), 648 incident MI events occurred. In a sociodemographic-adjusted model, AF was associated with about 2-fold increased risk of MI (hazard ratio [HR], 1.96 [95% CI, 1.52-2.52]). This association remained significant (HR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.26-2.30]) after further adjustment for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, blood pressure-lowering drugs, body mass index, diabetes, warfarin use, aspirin use, statin use, history of stroke and vascular disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, albumin to creatinine ratio, and C-reactive protein level. In subgroup analysis, the risk of MI associated with AF was significantly higher in women (HR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.41-3.31]) than in men (HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 0.91-2.10]) and in blacks (HR, 2.53 [95% CI, 1.67-3.86]) than in whites (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 0.83-1.93]); for interactions, P = .03 and P = .02, respectively. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the risk of MI associated with AF in older (≥75 years) vs younger (<75 years) participants (HR, 2.00 [95% CI, 1.16-3.35] and HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.11-2.30], respectively); for interaction, P = .44.AF is independently associated with an increased risk of incident MI, especially in women and blacks. These findings add to the growing concerns of the seriousness of AF as a public health burden: in addition to being a well-known risk factor for stroke, AF is also associated with increased risk of MI.
A comparison of the effects of aflatoxin B1 on the livers of rats and duck hepatitis B virus–infected and noninfected ducks
Authors: Alan A. Seawright, Roger T. Snowden, I. Olusola Olubuyide, Joan Riley, David J. Judah, Gordon E. Neal
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

A need exists for an appropriate animal model for the involvement of both hepatitis B virus infection and ingestion of aflatoxins in the etiology of liver cancer. Duck hepatitis B virus-infected ducks, on the basis of hepatoma development in the wild in China, appear to offer this possibility. The duck has been reexamined as a model system, and key metabolic processes have been assayed in comparison with the rat model for hepatocarcinogenesis. Aflatoxin B1 was found to be more actively metabolized by hepatic microsomes isolated from Pekin ducks in vitro to the aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide than corresponding fractions from the rat, and in vivo, higher levels of aflatoxin B1-guanine adduct were formed in hepatic DNA than in the livers of the aflatoxin B1-sensitive F344 rat. Repair of this DNA lesion in the duck and the subsequent formation of the ring-opened aflatoxin B1-FAPy adduct paralleled that in the rat. No effect of duck hepatitis B virus infection was found on any of these biochemical processes. The formation of hepatic lesions was also studied, and lesions were compared with those seen in the aflatoxin B1-treated rat. Histological analysis of necropsy specimens from ducks, 20 mo after the ducks received doses of aflatoxin B1 (25 and 50 micrograms/kg body wt), showed almost complete regression of the early acute lesions, with no evidence of neoplasia. Male F344 rats treated with aflatoxin B1 150 micrograms/kg 5 days/wk for 4 wk had extensive bile duct hyperplasia at the end of the treatment period and 100% incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma after 52 wk. The possible basis for the relative sensitivity of ducks and rats to the carcinogenic action of aflatoxin B1 is discussed.
A Comparative Study on the Protection Profile of Lidocaine, Amifostine, and Pilocarpin on the Parotid Gland during Radiotherapy
Authors: Samer G. Hakim, Hartwig Kosmehl, Isabel Lauer, Roger Nadrowitz, Thilo Wedel, Peter Sieg
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the individual and the synergetic radioprotective effect of lidocaine, amifostine, and pilocarpin on the parotid gland. Forty-nine rabbits were randomized into seven groups (n = 7)--control, irradiated sham-treated, irradiated/lidocaine-pretreated, irradiated/amifostine-pretreated, irradiated/pilocarpin-pretreated, irradiated/lidocaine + pilocarpin-pretreated, and irradiated/amifostine + pilocarpin-pretreated groups. One week before irradiation (15 Gy) and 72 hours as well as 1 month afterward, the parotid gland was investigated morphologically, sialoscintigraphically, and immunohistochemically with the use of tenascin-C and alpha smooth muscle actin. Compared with control animals, there was a significant reduction of the salivary ejection fraction in the irradiated untreated group 72 hours following radiation. Only animals pretreated with lidocaine or amifostine (alone or combined with pilocarpin) showed a slight nonsignificant reduction of salivary ejection fraction. Immunohistochemically, we observed a significant loss of alpha smooth muscle actin and an up-regulation of tenascin-C expression in irradiated/untreated glands. These changes were less evident in animals pretreated with lidocaine or lidocaine + pilocarpin. Amifostine and pilocarpin did not show any influence on tenascin-C or alpha smooth muscle actin expression. Ultrastructural damage was observed in irradiated untreated and pilocarpin-pretreated glands. In contrast, lidocaine and amifostine could largely preserve the glandular ultrastructure. One month postradiation, all changes were regressive regardless of treatment protocol. Potential radioprotective agents show different effects on both morphology and function of the parotid gland. Associated immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings could prove the prevailed protection profile of lidocaine. This may provide a prophylactic approach in the field of radioprotection of salivary glands.
The Effects of a Nonsurgical Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Rosalind D. Cartwright
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The tongue-retaining device (TRD) was designed to increase the unobstructed dimension of the nasal breathing passage during sleep. Twenty male patients with diagnoses of sleep apnea syndrome, primarily of the obstructive type, confirmed by clinical polysomnography, were fitted with the device. The TRD holds the tongue in a forward position by negative pressure. Fourteen patients have been tested before and after this treatment, and ten of these have also completed two follow-up recordings four to six months after being trained in the use of this device. There was significantly improved sleep and significantly fewer and shorter apneic events on all nights when the device was worn. On the first night of wearing the TRD for a half night only, there was a significant reduction in the number of obstructive and central apneic episodes. The mean apnea plus hypopnea index while wearing the TRD is comparable with the rate reported for patients who have been treated surgically by either tracheostomy or by uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, although the tracheostomy group contained more severe cases. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:705-709)
Identification of activated T cell receptor gamma delta lymphocytes in the liver of tumor-bearing hosts.
Authors: S Seki, T Abo, T Masuda, T Ohteki, A Kanno, K Takeda, H Rikiishi, H Nagura, K Kumagai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

T cell receptor (TcR)gamma delta cells are known to be a minor population of T lymphocytes in the blood (less than 10%) and other peripheral lymphoid organs in healthy donors. We demonstrated here that a large proportion of TcR gamma delta cells, i.e., up to 30% of mononuclear cells (MNC) were detectable in the liver, but not other lymphoid organs of cancer patients. More importantly, the majority of such TcR gamma delta cells (greater than 70%) were shown to be lymphoblastic by electron microscopy. An activation marker of T lymphocytes, Leu-19 (CD56) was also highly expressed on the hepatic TcR gamma delta cells. The possibility of hepatic TcR gamma delta cells being activated was further examined in mice. C3H/He mice injected with syngeneic tumor cells were demonstrated to have an increased number of liver MNC; such MNC showed an ability to proliferate in vitro. These mice eventually had a considerable proportion of TcR gamma delta cells in the liver, showing activation markers, the Ia and LFA-1 antigens. These results suggest that the liver may be an important organ for activation and probably expansion of TcR gamma delta cells especially in tumor bearing hosts.
Utilization of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy and fecal occult blood test in 11 European countries: evidence from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
Authors: C. Stock, H. Brenner
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Background and study aims: Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy (sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy) and the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) are thought to impact on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. We aimed to estimate prevalences and to investigate potential determinants of utilization of these procedures in the general population across Europe.