tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CLOSED-CHEST CARDIAC MASSAGE
Authors: P. J. Sauder
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal, July 9, page 1064, in the article by Kouwenhoven, Jude, and Knickerbocker, there is a description of earlier efforts at closed-chest cardiac massage, in which the investigators were described as "flexing the [legs and] buttocks against the chest." Would it not have been more humane to let the poor soul quietly depart from the mortal body than to wring it loose with such a spine-crunching maneuver as this must have been? The investigators who performed this feat must have been professional pretzel-benders with the strength of Hercules if they had an adult in their series.
Localization of bullous pemphigoid antibody—an indirect immunofluorescence study of 228 cases using a split-skin technique
Authors: R.A. LOGAN, B. BHOGAL, A.K. DAS, P.M. McKEE, M.M. BLACK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

We have re-examined the site of deposition of IgG anti-basement membrane zone antibodies in 228 sera from suspected cases of bullous pemphigoid (BP), using 1.0 M sodium chloride split-skin as substrate for indirect immunofluorescence. Nine sera (4%) produced fluorescence on the floor of the split suggesting sub-basal lamina antibody deposition compatible with a diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). This ultrastructural localization was confirmed in only three of these nine by immuno-electron microscopy. Clinical details were available on six of these nine cases, and none had clinical features suggesting EBA. We have found the split-skin immunofluorescence technique unhelpful in identifying 'missed' cases of EBA. The prevalence of EBA presenting as BP would appear to be very low indeed in the U.K.
Degos' disease (malignant papulosis). Report of three cases with clues to etiology
Authors: H. H. Roenigk
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Three patients with Degos' disease (malignant papulosis) were seen at the Cleveland Clinic. The course of the first patient's disease was typical with cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and systemic involvement and death. The other two patients survived despite the typical cutaneous lesions. Abnormalities of the immunoglobulin fraction IgA were present, as well as an abnormal fibrinogen value. However, there appears to be no direct relationship to periarteritis nodosa or other forms of vasculitis and the cause of Degos' disease remains unknown.
Bleeding Manifestations in Patients With Amyloidosis-Reply
Authors: Martha Skinner
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  We agree with the comments of Dr Kim that CAA may well be a cause of intracerebral hemorrhage because of the fragility of blood vessels. At the present time, the diagnosis of CAA is almost universally made at autopsy. The amyloid protein itself has not been identified in this condition. It is not known what relationship exists, if any, between abnormal coagulation test results and intracerebral bleeding in CAA. Such an association can only be studied when there is increased clinical awareness and the availability of sensitive diagnostic techniques for CAA.
Is Pneumonectomy After Induction Chemotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer a Reasonable Procedure? A Multicenter Retrospective Study of 228 Cases
Authors: Yoann Thibout, Benoit Guibert, Nadine Bossard, François Tronc, Olivier Tiffet, Eric de la Roche, Pierre Mulsant, Jean-Paul Gamondes, Jacques Baulieux, Laurent Remontet, Laurence Geriniere, Pierre-Jean Souquet
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Reflectance confocal microscopy of mucosal pigmented macules: a review of 56 cases including 10 macular melanomas
Authors: S. Debarbieux, J.L. Perrot, N. Erfan, S. Ronger-Savlé, B. Labeille, E. Cinotti, L. Depaepe, N. Cardot-Leccia, J.P. Lacour, L. Thomas, P. Bahadoran
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Background Although most mucosal pigmented macules are benign, it can be clinically challenging to rule out an early melanoma. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a noninvasive imaging technique useful in discriminating between benign and malignant skin lesions. Objectives To describe the confocal aspects of benign and malignant mucosal pigmented macules with histopathological correlations. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the confocal images of 56 labial or genital pigmented macules including 10 macular melanomas. According to the retrospective nature of the study, we evaluated the recorded images chosen by the physicians that performed the RCM examination for each case. Results In benign macules, the most frequently observed pattern was a ringed pattern characterized by round or polycyclic papillae, with a hyper-reflective basal layer; another pattern was characterized by sparse bright dendritic cells in the basal layer, the basal epithelial cells being otherwise less reflective. Roundish cells, a high density of dendritic cells with atypias and intraepithelial bright cells were clues to the presence of malignancy. Conclusions Reflectance confocal microscopy seems to be a valuable tool to noninvasively differentiate benign from malignant mucosal pigmented macules and target biopsies in cases of equivocal features.
Increased Angiotensin-(1-7)–Forming Activity in Failing Human Heart Ventricles
Authors: Lawrence S. Zisman, Rebecca S. Keller, Barbara Weaver, Qishan Lin, Robert Speth, Michael R. Bristow, Charles C. Canver
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The formation of angiotensin-(1-7) from either angiotensin (Ang) I or Ang II in failing human hearts is not well understood.Angiotensinase activity in left and right ventricular membranes from 14 idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC), 8 primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), and 13 nonfailing human hearts was measured with either 125I-Ang I or 125I-Ang II as substrate. Ang-(1-7)-forming activity from 125I-Ang I was inhibited by thiorphan. With 125I-Ang II as substrate, Ang-(1-7) formation was inhibited by the ACE2-specific inhibitor C16. Western blotting with an anti-ACE2 antibody confirmed the presence of ACE2. Angiotensinase activity with 125I-Ang I as substrate was increased in failing IDC left ventricles (LVs) compared with nonfailing LVs (P<0.001). Ang-(1-7)-forming activity with 125I-Ang II as substrate was increased in both failing LVs and right ventricles (RVs) of IDC hearts and only in failing RVs of PPH hearts (PPH LV, 51.12+/-5.25; PPH RV, 89.97+/-11.21; IDC LV, 139.7+/-21.96; and IDC RV, 192.7+/-5.43; NF LV, 32.89+/-5.38; NF RV 40.49+/-10.66 fmol/min per milligram (P<0.05 PPH RV versus PPH LV; P<0.05 PPH RV versus NF RV; P<0.001 IDC LV versus NF LV; P<0.001 IDC RV versus NF RV).Ang-(1-7)-forming activity from both Ang I and Ang II was increased in failing human heart ventricles but was mediated by at least two different angiotensinases. The first, which demonstrated substrate preference for Ang I, was neutral endopeptidase (NEP)-like. The second was ACE2, as demonstrated by Western blotting and inhibition of activity with C16.
Resolution of pure red cell aplasia and lymphoma: Response to intravenous gammaglobulin and combination chemotherapy
Authors: Svetislava J. Vukelja, Jayashree Krishnan, Christina M. Link, August J. Salvado, Robert D. Knight
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) rarely occurs in nonthymic lymphoproliferative disorders. This report describes the clinical course and therapy of a patient with a history of Sjogren syndrome who developed well‐differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma associated with PRCA and severe hemolytic anemia. Life‐threatening hemolytic anemia combined with the presence of multiple antibodies and lack of erythroid precursors was treated successfully with a single dose of intravenous gammaglobulin. A sustained, complete remission and normalization of the bone marrow was achieved following six courses of an aggressive chemotherapy regimen. Thus, occasionally low‐grade lymphomas can produce life‐threatening complications, requiring a more aggressive therapeutic intervention than those routinely applied.
β Subunits of the Olfactory Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel Form a Nitric Oxide Activated Ca2+ Channel
Authors: Marie-Christine Broillet, Stuart Firestein
Journal: Neuron (1997)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels are important in visual and olfactory transduction, and possibly in other neuronal functions. These channels have a complex permeability to Ca2+ ions that may be important in their cellular functions. They are composed of two different subunits, α and β, that have been cloned and expressed, but the β subunit alone cannot be activated by cyclic nucleotides, confounding the analysis of its characteristics. However, we found that nitric oxide can activate the homomeric expressed β subunit, and the resulting channel possesses many properties of the L-type Ca2+ channels, including high permeability to Ca2+ ions and sensitivity to Ca2+ channel blockers. Thus, the Ca2+ permeability characteristics of native channels are mostly conferred by properties of the β subunit, and the β subunit alone can act as a NO-sensitive Ca2+ channel. A nearly identical conductance activated by NO is present in the membrane of rat vomeronasal neurons, indicating that homomeric β channels exist in vivo.
IT-17 * ONO-AE3-208 INHIBITS MYELOID-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS AND GLIOMA GROWTH
Authors: G. Kohanbash, E. Straw, A. Averick, B. Ahn, M. Smith-Cohn, T. Ohkuri, A. Kosaka, H. Okada
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) heavily infiltrate in a variety of solid tumors and suppress anti-tumor T-cell activity. Our recent studies have demonstrated the ability of monocytic, Ly6C+ MDSCs to promote glioma growth through the activation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathway, which is responsible for plostaglandin-synthesis. ONO-AE3-208 is an antagonist of the prostaglandin E (EP)-4 receptor, which is an important positive feedback regulator of the COX-2 pathway. We thus examined the ability of ONO-AE3-208 to suppress MDSC activity in gliomas. ONO-AE3-208 treatment in mice bearing established GL261-quad glioma in the brain resulted in complete and persistent rejection of the tumors. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that gliomas in the ONO-AE3-208-treated mice were infiltrated by fewer numbers of Ly6C+ MDSCs compared with non-treated animals. We subsequently isolated glioma-infiltrating Ly6C+ MDSCs by flow-sorting to address their functions. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the Ly6C+ MDSCs derived from ONO-AE3-208 treated mice expressed lower levels of the Arg1 and Cox2 expression compared to control animals. Consistently, brain infiltrating leukocytes in ONO-AE3-208 treated tumor-bearing mice demonstrated enhanced Ifng expression compared with control mice, suggestive of enhanced T-cell activity. Importantly, ONO-AE3-208 inhibited glioma growth and promoted immune activity in 2 additional murine glioma models: the Sleeping Beauty de novo glioma model and the SB28 glioma cell line model. Our data demonstrate that ONO-AE3-208 may be useful in the treatment of glioma patients to suppress Ly6C+ MDSCs and promote anti-tumor immunity.
Infant Mortality-Reply
Authors: Nigel Paneth
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  Variation in the extent to which live infants of very low birth weight are recorded accounts for only a small proportion of international differences in neonatal mortality. Where these infants are not recorded as live births, they are generally recorded as stillbirths, and as both Norway and Sweden have lower stillbirth rates than the United States, this particular classification problem cannot explain the Scandinavian advantage in perinatal mortality. The birth weight distribution for white persons in the United States is, moreover, more unfavorable than that of Sweden and Norway, even if infants weighing less than 1,000 g are not considered. International comparisons of infant mortality will not go away if we ignore them. What is necessary is that these rates be interpreted sensibly.
Attributes of successful smoking cessation interventions in medical practice. A meta-analysis of 39 controlled trials
Authors: Thomas E. Kottke, Renaldo N. Battista, Gordon H. DeFriese, Milo L. Brekke
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Meta-analysis was used to examine 108 intervention comparisons in 39 controlled smoking cessation trials. Type of intervention (face-to-face advice being better than all others), type of intervenor (both physician and nonphysician counselors better than either alone), the number of reinforcing sessions, and the duration of reinforcing sessions were related to success six months after the initiation of intervention. The number of modalities used by the intervention predicted success with borderline statistical significance. Multivariate analysis predicted that a team of physicians and nonphysicians using multiple intervention modalities to deliver individualized advice on multiple occasions would produce the best result. Program success 12 months after the initiation of intervention was related to the type of intervention session (group and individual sessions combined better than either alone), the number of intervention modalities, and the number of reinforcing sessions. With multivariate adjustment for confounding, the number of intervention modalities alone had a positive association with intervention success.
THE BLOOD COUNT IN CARCINOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS
Authors: A. M. MASTER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The most important disease of the esophagus is cancer. Only cancer of the uterus, female breast and stomach outnumber it. McCrae<sup>1</sup>in 5,480 necropsies found twenty-nine cases of esophageal carcinoma, or 0.53 per cent. It is three times as frequent in the male as in the female. The condition is nearly always primary, and it is described as having a predilection for the upper, middle and lower portions of the esophagus. When the growth is secondary, it is usually found at the cardiac end of the stomach. (Vinson<sup>2</sup>states that in men lesions are most common in the middle third of the esophagus, whereas in women growths predominate in the upper third.) The fact is that the primary neoplasm may occur anywhere along the gullet. Ewing<sup>3</sup>describes the gross picture as of three types: (1) flat infiltrating ulcer; (2) more bulky polypoid or globular type, and (3)
Association of Serial Measures of Cardiac Troponin T Using a Sensitive Assay With Incident Heart Failure and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older Adults
Authors: Christopher R. deFilippi, James A. de Lemos, Robert H. Christenson, John S. Gottdiener, Willem J. Kop, Min Zhan, Stephen L. Seliger
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Older adults comprise the majority of new-onset heart failure (HF) diagnoses, but traditional risk-factor prediction models have limited accuracy in this population to identify those at highest risk for hospitalization or death.To determine if cardiac troponin T (cTnT) measured by a highly sensitive assay would be detectable in the majority of community-dwelling older adults, and if serial measures were associated with risk of HF hospitalization and cardiovascular death.A longitudinal nationwide cohort study (Cardiovascular Health Study) of 4221 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older without prior HF who had cTnT measured using a highly sensitive assay at baseline (1989-1990) and repeated after 2 to 3 years (n = 2918).New-onset HF and cardiovascular death were examined through June 2008 with respect to cTnT concentrations, accounting for clinical risk predictors.Cardiac troponin T was detectable (≥3.00 pg/mL) in 2794 participants (66.2%). During a median follow-up of 11.8 years, 1279 participants experienced new-onset HF and 1103 cardiovascular deaths occurred, with a greater risk of both end points associated with higher cTnT concentrations. Among those participants with the highest cTnT concentrations (>12.94 pg/mL), there was an incidence rate per 100 person-years of 6.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.8-7.2; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.48; 95% CI, 2.04-3.00) for HF and an incidence rate of 4.8 (95% CI, 4.3-5.4; aHR, 2.91; 95% CI, 2.37-3.58) for cardiovascular death compared with participants with undetectable cTnT levels (incidence rate, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4-1.8 and 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9-1.2 for HF and cardiovascular death, respectively). Among individuals with initially detectable cTnT, a subsequent increase of more than 50% (n = 393, 22%) was associated with a greater risk for HF (aHR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.32-1.97) and cardiovascular death (aHR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.35-2.03) and a decrease of more than 50% (n = 247, 14%) was associated with a lower risk for HF (aHR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54-0.97) and cardiovascular death (aHR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52-0.97) compared with participants with 50% or less change. Addition of baseline cTnT measurements to clinical risk factors was associated with only modest improvement in discrimination, with change in C statistic of 0.015 for HF and 0.013 for cardiovascular death.In this cohort of older adults without known HF, baseline cTnT levels and changes in cTnT levels measured with a highly sensitive assay were significantly associated with incident HF and cardiovascular death.
ANEURISM OF THE INNOMINATE ARTERY.
Authors: ALBERT P. FRANCINE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

My interest in aneurism of the innominate artery was stimulated by a case which came under my observation in the medical dispensary of the University Hospital in December, 1901. After studying the symptoms and physical signs of this case for several months, I presented the patient before the medical society of the University of Pennsylvania, and my diagnosis was very generally concurred in It must be admitted, however, that "experience is fallacious and judgment difficult." and that in the last analysis we must go to the postmortem room for confirmation of such diagnoses. I, therefore, proceeded with the study of my subject there, and was able to collect eight cases.<sup>1</sup>In but one instance in this series, and in that case only tentatively, had the correct diagnosis been made, and the question naturally presented itself as to whether there existed in these cases such clinical obscurity as to warrant this apparent difficulty in diagnosis.
Sulphaemoglobinaemia due to Aniline Derivatives
Authors: S. Lazarus
Journal: BMJ (1945)

he continued use of aniline compounds may produce a marked and persistent cyanosis due to the formation of sulphaemoglobin Hi the red blood corpuscles.Attention has been directed in recent years to the frequency with which sulphonamide therapy is associated with sulphaemoglob:naemia, but the power of the
A null deficiency allele of alpha 1-antitrypsin, QOludwigshafen, with altered tertiary structure.
Authors: G C Frazier, M A Siewertsen, M H Hofker, M G Brubacher, D W Cox
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The most common deficiency allele of the plasma protease inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) is PI*Z. Some rare deficiency alleles of alpha 1AT produce low but detectable amounts of plasma alpha 1AT (1-20% of normal), which can be differentiated by isoelectric focusing. Others, designated null (QO) alleles, produce no alpha 1AT detectable by routine quantitative methods. We have previously described a method using DNA polymorphisms, haplotypes, and polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing gels, to differentiate various deficiency alleles. Based on haplotypes, we previously identified, in eight patients, five different null alleles, four of which had been previously sequenced. We have now analyzed all 12 null alleles in these eight patients, using allele-specific oligonucleotide probes, and have identified six different null alleles. We have cloned and sequenced one of these, PI*QOludwigshafen, which has a base substitution in exon II, replacing isoleucine 92 in the normal sequence with an asparagine. This substitution of a polar for a nonpolar amino acid occurs in one of the alpha-helices and is predicted to disrupt the tertiary structure. A total of 13 different alpha 1AT deficiency alleles, 6 of them null alleles, have been sequenced to date.
Continuous wave dye laser therapy of port wine stains
Authors: S.W. LANIGAN, P. CARTWRIGHT, J.A. COTTERILL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

A continuous wave dye laser emitting light at 577 nm has been used in the treatment of 100 patients with port wine stains. Subjective assessments in 92 patients revealed an excellent or good result in 63% and a fair result in 17%. There was a 5% incidence of hypertrophic scarring and a 5% incidence of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Overall, 12% of patients experienced a poor result. The best results were obtained in older patients with purple port wine stains.
Human iPS cellâ€“derived alveolar epithelium repopulates lung extracellular matrix
Authors: Mahboobe Ghaedi, Elizabeth A. Calle, Julio J. Mendez, Ashley L. Gard, Jenna Balestrini, Adam Booth, Peter F. Bove, Liqiong Gui, Eric S. White, Laura E. Niklason
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been postulated to be the most effective strategy for developing patient-specific respiratory epithelial cells, which may be valuable for lung-related cell therapy and lung tissue engineering. We generated a relatively homogeneous population of alveolar epithelial type II (AETII) and type I (AETI) cells from human iPSCs that had phenotypic properties similar to those of mature human AETII and AETI cells. We used these cells to explore whether lung tissue can be regenerated in vitro. Consistent with an AETII phenotype, we found that up to 97% of cells were positive for surfactant protein C, 95% for mucin-1, 93% for surfactant protein B, and 89% for the epithelial marker CD54. Additionally, exposing induced AETII to a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor (IWR-1) changed the iPSC-AETII–like phenotype to a predominantly AETI-like phenotype. We found that of induced AET1 cells, more than 90% were positive for type I markers, T1α, and caveolin-1. Acellular lung matrices were prepared from whole rat or human adult lungs treated with decellularization reagents, followed by seeding these matrices with alveolar cells derived from human iPSCs. Under appropriate culture conditions, these progenitor cells adhered to and proliferated within the 3D lung tissue scaffold and displayed markers of differentiated pulmonary epithelium.
Association between gas cooking and respiratory disease in children.
Authors: R J Melia, C D Florey, D G Altman, A V Swan
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A four-year longitudinal study of the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and disease in schoolchildren and related environmental and socio-economic factors is in progress. We report results for the first year of this study (1973). A total of 5758 children aged 6 to 11 years from 28 randomly selected areas of England and Scotland were examined. In an analysis of the effects on health of possible indoor pollutants, boys and girls from homes in which gas was used for cooking were found to have more cough, "colds going to the chest", and bronchitis than children from homes where electricity was used. The girls also had more wheeze if their families used gas for cooking. This "cooking effect" appeared to be independent of the effects of age, social class, latitude, population density, family size, overcrowding, outdoor levels of smoke and sulphur dioxide and types of fuel used for heating. It was concluded that elevated levels of oxides of nitrogen arising from the combustion of gas might be the cause of the increased respiratory illness.
Pulmonary nocardiosis in a 3-year-old child
Authors: M. D. Holdaway, J. Kennedy, T. Ashcroft, J. J. Kay-Butler
Journal: Thorax (1967)

Until 1960, 179 cases of infection with <i>Nocardia asteroides</i> had been described in the world literature. Seventeen cases in children were reported by 1963. The organism is a common saprophyte in nature with probably a world-wide distribution. Infection can be primary but is more common in patients with underlying malignancy, auto-immune disease or preceding tuberculosis. Sulphonamides, particularly sulphadiazine, are the drugs of choice in treatment; the value of antibiotics is less clearly established. The indications for surgical treatment have not yet been defined. We record a further case of primary pulmonary nocardiosis in a 3-year-old child.