tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Achieving Global Child Health Goals
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

AN AFRICAN proverb says it takes an entire village to raise a child. Around the globe, children's health advocates are emulating such traditional wisdom as they measure recent gains and strive for greater improvements for children who suffer and die from such common killers as malnutrition, respiratory disease, and diarrhea. "The time has come to acknowledge that the health and safety of children is an issue of both domestic and global concern," said Wah Jun Tze, MD, professor of pediatrics at the University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, and chair of the second international congress on children's health conducted last month in Vancouver. The meeting attracted representatives from more than 60 countries and health ministers from 14 nations, including Egypt, Russia, and Thailand. They all focused on gauging international progress in children's health since the World Summit for Children in 1990. "The gains have been very impressive worldwide,"
Characterization of an interleukin 4 (IL-4) responsive region in the immunoglobulin heavy chain germline epsilon promoter: regulation by NF-IL-4, a C/EBP family member and NF-kappa B/p50.
Authors: S Delphin, J Stavnezer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

A large body of data indicate that antibody class switching is directed by cytokines by inducing or repressing transcription from unrearranged, or germline, CH genes. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) induces transcription of the germline C epsilon genes in activated B cells and subsequently, cells in this population will undergo switch recombination to immunoglobulin E. Furthermore, the data suggest that transcription of germline C epsilon genes is required for class switching. In this paper we define DNA elements required for induction of transcription of the germline C epsilon genes by IL-4. To do this, segments of DNA from the 5' flank of the initiation sites for germline epsilon RNA were ligated to a luciferase reporter gene and transfected into two mouse B cell lines, one of which can be induced to switch to IgE. By analysis of a series of 5' deletion constructs and linker-scanning mutations, we demonstrate that a 46-bp segment (residing at -126/-79 relative to the first RNA initiation site) contains an IL-4 responsive region. By electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we find that this segment binds three transcription factors: the recently described NF-IL4, one or more members of the C/EBP family of transcription factors, and NF-kappa B/p50. Mutation of any of the binding sites for these three factors abolishes or reduces IL-4 inducibility of the epsilon promoter. A 27-bp segment within this IL-4 response region containing binding sites for NF-IL4 and a C/EBP factor is sufficient to transfer IL-4 inducibility to a minimal c-fos promoter.
Stenting versus medical treatment in patients with symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis: a randomised open-label phase 2 trial
Authors: Annette Compter, H Bart van der Worp, Wouter J Schonewille, Jan Albert Vos, Jelis Boiten, Paul J Nederkoorn, Maarten Uyttenboogaart, Rob T Lo, Ale Algra, L Jaap Kappelle
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2015)
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 and Immune Status in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Seropositive Women
Authors: H. D. Strickler, J. M. Palefsky, K. V. Shah, K. Anastos, R. S. Klein, H. Minkoff, A. Duerr, L. S. Massad, D. D. Celentano, C. Hall, M. Fazzari, S. Cu-Uvin, M. Bacon, P. Schuman, A. M. Levine, A. J. Durante, S. Gange, S. Melnick, R. D. Burk
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is etiologically associated with approximately half of all cervical cancers. It is important, therefore, to determine the characteristics that distinguish HPV16 from other HPV types. A preliminary result based on cross-sectional baseline data in the Women's Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Study (WIHS) suggested that the prevalence of HPV16 might have a weaker association with immune status in HIV-seropositive women than that of other HPV types. To address this issue, we examined HPV test results from repeated study visits in the WIHS and from an independent study, the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS). Methods: HIV-seropositive women in the WIHS (n = 2058) and in the HERS (n = 871) were assessed semiannually. HPV DNA was detected in cervicovaginal lavage specimens by using polymerase chain reaction assays. Prevalence ratios were used to compare the prevalence of each HPV type in women with the lowest CD4+ T-cell counts (<200 T cells/mm3) with that of women with the highest CD4+ T-cell counts (⩾500 T cells/mm3). A summary prevalence ratio for each HPV type (i.e., across visits and studies) was estimated using generalized estimating equations. The association of CD4+ T-cell stratum with type-specific HPV incidence was measured using multivariable Cox regression models. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The prevalence ratio for HPV16 was low compared with that of other HPV types at every study visit in both cohorts. The generalized estimating equation summary prevalence ratio for HPV16 (1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97 to 1.62) was the smallest measured, and it was statistically significantly lower than that of all other HPV types combined (P = .01). The association of CD4+ T-cell stratum with HPV16 incidence was also among the smallest measured (hazard ratio = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.81). Conclusions: The prevalent and incident detection of HPV16 is more weakly associated with immune status in HIV-seropositive women than that of other HPV types, suggesting that HPV16 may be better at avoiding the effects of immune surveillance, which could contribute to HPV16's strong association with cervical cancer.
Persistent telangiectatic erylhema associated with an automatic implantahle cardioverter defihrillator
Authors: K. Krasagakis, R. Vogt, B. Tebbe, S. Goerdt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Persistent telangiectatic erylhema associated with an automatic implantahle cardioverter defihrillator Get access K. Krasagakis, K. Krasagakis Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin, The Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Vogt, R. Vogt Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin, The Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Tebbe, B. Tebbe Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin, The Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Goerdt S. Goerdt Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin, The Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 4, 1 April 1997, Page 633, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb02160.x Published: 01 April 1997
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Small Interfering RNA–Directed Reversal of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Demethylation Inhibits Prostate Tumor Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Sai Murali Krishna Pulukuri, Jasti S. Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Recent studies have shown that small interfering RNA (siRNA) silences genes at the transcriptional level in human cells. However, the therapeutic potential of siRNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing remains unclear. Here, we show that siRNA targeted to the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) promoter induced epigenetic transcriptional silencing in human prostate cancer cells. This silencing resulted in a dramatic reduction of tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. Furthermore, the results from a bioluminescence tumor/metastasis model showed that the silencing of uPA significantly inhibits prostate tumor growth and the incidence of lung metastasis. Our findings represent a potentially powerful new approach to not only epigenetic silencing of metastasis or growth-promoting genes as a cancer therapy, but also as a means to shed light on how aberrant de novo methylation during cancer progression might be targeted to specific sequences. [Cancer Res 2007;67(14):6637–46]
Locally determined performance related pay
Authors: J Smith, J Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

At the end of August doctors from around Britain will meet in London to pursue their battle against the introduction of locally determined performance related pay within the NHS. According to the BMA no other issue since the start of the reforms has aroused such a consistent and united response from ordinary doctors working in hospitals and community trusts. Why the anger, and what are the principles at stake?

The move towards performance related pay was heralded in the Citizen's Charter, which promised that public sector workers' pay would be more closely related to performance. Earlier this year the Department of Health suggested amending the terms of service of all NHS staff to allow an element of pay to be determined locally on the basis of individual performance. Since then negotiations have continued, but the government has asked the Doctors and Dentists Review Body to make only a minimum award next year, to leave room for local supplementation; and it has told all NHS employers to establish mechanisms for local pay bargaining by next spring.

Doctors' concerns are twofold. Firstly, they fear the threat that local pay bargaining poses to a national health service. Secondly, they question the benefits of systems that tie pay rises to a formal appraisal of how an individual has met certain performance criteria. Their concerns cover both matters of principle and the practicalities of measuring performance. But they also reflect the underlying rift in the NHS between political- managerial priorities and clinical ones.

Firstly, …
Network interactions in Schistosoma japonicum infection. Identification and characterization of a serologically distinct immunoregulatory auto-antiidiotypic antibody population.
Authors: G R Olds, T F Kresina
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

This study examined the role of naturally occurring anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-id), specific for epitopes on antibodies to schistosome egg antigens (SEA), in serosuppression during Schistosoma japonicum infection. Three anti-id preparations were obtained from pools of infected serum at 12, 16, and 30 wk of infection. Anti-id (12 wk) bound 36% of labeled anti-SEA antibodies, had an idiotype binding capacity (IBC) of 5 micrograms/ml, and did not suppress SEA-induced proliferation. Anti-id (16 wk) bound 17% of labeled anti-SEA antibodies, had 29 micrograms IBC/ml, and reduced 3H incorporation from 21.4 +/- 0.5 (10 micrograms/ml normal Ig) to 9.1 +/- 1.5 X 10(4) cpm (P less than 0.01). Anti-id (30 wk) bound 66% of labeled anti-SEA antibody, had 84 micrograms IBC/ml, and suppressed 3H incorporation by 88% (4.8 +/- 0.3 X 10(4) cpm, P less than 0.001). Analysis of the serologic reactivity of these three populations of anti-idiotypic antibodies revealed that anti-id (12 wk) described an idiotypic population of anti-SEA molecules containing a minor cross-reactive idiotype (SJ-CRIm). In contrast, anti-id (30 wk) described a serologically distinct, idiotypic population containing a major cross-reactive idiotype of anti-SEA molecules (SJ-CRIM). A monoclonal anti-id, which reacted with greater than 50% of the anti-SEA molecules describing SJ-CRIM, was profoundly suppressive in vitro and reduced granulomatous inflammation around parasite eggs in vivo from 113 X 10(3) micron2 to 23 X 10(3) micron2 (80% suppression, P less than 0.001). These observations suggest that immune network interactions modulate inflammation in chronic murine S. japonicum infection.
Critical role of IL-21 in modulating TH17 and regulatory T cells in Behçet disease
Authors: Guillaume Geri, Benjamin Terrier, Michelle Rosenzwajg, Bertrand Wechsler, Maxime Touzot, Danielle Seilhean, Tu-Anh Tran, Bahram Bodaghi, Lucile Musset, Vassili Soumelis, David Klatzmann, Patrice Cacoub, David Saadoun
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Liver Failure Treatment
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endoscopic sclerotherapy with portal-systemic shunt rescue
Authors: Harold O. Conn
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

This paper reports the preliminary results of a prospective randomized trial comparing endoscopic variceal sclerosis and distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) in the management of patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding. Seventy-one patients have been entered; 36 have received sclerosis and 35 DSRS. Randomization of the study population was stratified on Child's A/B (56%) and Child's C (44%). Sixty-one per cent had alcoholic and 39% nonalcoholic cirrhosis. No patients have been lost to follow-up, which currently stands at a median of 26 months. Rebleeding occurred significantly (p &lt; 0.05) more frequently in patients in the sclerosis group (19 of 36: 53%) compared to DSRS (1 of 35: 3%), but only 11 of 36 (31%) were not controlled by further sclerosis and failed that therapy. Patients in whom sclerosis failed underwent surgery. Survival was significantly (p &lt; 0.01) improved in the sclerosis group (+ surgery in 31%), with an 84% 2-year survival compared to a 59% 2-year survival in the DSRS group. Portal perfusion was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) better maintained in the sclerosis (95%) compared to the DSRS (53%) group. Galactose elimination capacity improved significantly (p &lt; 0.05) in 21 patients successfully managed by sclerosis at 1 year and was significantly (p &lt; 0.01) better maintained in the sclerosis compared to DSRS group. The authors conclude that endoscopic sclerosis: (1) has a higher rebleeding rate than DSRS, with one third of patients failing therapy from rebleeding; (2) allows significant improvement in liver function when successful; and (3) gives significantly improved survival in the management of variceal bleeding when backed up by surgical therapy for patients with uncontrolled rebleeding. The authors report the results of a randomized comparison of emergency portacaval anastomosis (PCA) (32 patients) with endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) (32 patients). Short-term survival was similar in the two groups, respectively (44% vs. 50%). The amount of blood transfusions required and the length of the hospital admissions were significantly less in the EST group (p &lt; 0.001). Recurrences of variceal hemorrhage, the number of transfusions required to treat them and the duration of hospital readmissions were all greater in the EST group (p &lt; 0.001). Almost half of the EST patients who were discharged from the hospital alive subsequently rebled and required surgical treatment. The authors conclude that EST is as effective as PCA in the acute treatment of bleeding, but that when EST fails, PCA may be effective management.
Addressing the Cost of Health Care From the Front Lines of Psychiatry
Authors: Andres Barkil-Oteo, David A. Stern, Melissa R. Arbuckle
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

TheescalatingcostofhealthcareintheUnitedStateshasbeendescribedasanunsustainablecrisis.Thishighcostdoesnotalwaystranslateintobetteroutcomes.Fi-nancial expenditures frequently outweigh the clinicalbenefits,resultinginlow-valuecare.Whilemedicalprofessionalsatlargehavebeguntoconsider potential solutions for addressing high costsand low-value care, psychiatrists have been relativelyinsulated from the discussion for 2 reasons: their infre-quent use of the costliest medical procedures and thediffusion of their highest cost factor, psychiatric medi-cations, across a wide number of medical specialists.The bulk of antidepressants and antianxiety medica-tions, along with half of antipsychotics, are prescribedby other health care providers and specialties.
THE STIGMATA OF NERVOUS SYPHILIS.
Authors: WILLIAM J. ROTHWELL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Specific lesions of the nervous system produce localizing symptoms similar in character to those which result from non-specific lesions having the same anatomic seat. Partial epilepsy of gummatous origin or hemiplegia from syphilitic thrombosis of the central arteries has no distinguishing features, per se; associate symptoms alone reveal its real nature. To describe these characteristic symptoms and to emphasize their importance in the diagnosis of cerebral syphilis in particular, is the object of my paper. A brief reference to the salient pathologic features of specific nervous disease is essential for the better understanding of the subject. It is well known that syphilitic inflammation affects primarily the blood-vessels and meninges of the neuraxis. While no part of this extensive territory is exempt from specific invasion, the most vulnerable parts are the convexity of the hemispheres, especially in their anterior portion, and more frequently still the base of the brain from the
Venous flow velocity, venous volume and arterial blood flow.
Authors: J D Coffman, J A Lempert
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The relationship of arterial blood flow and venous volume to venous flow velocity was studied in normal subjects. The effects of current modes of treatment in venous thrombosis and of a vasodilator drug on venous flow velocity were also investigated. Total calf flow and venous volume were measured by venous occlusion plethysmography while venous flow axial velocity was determined by the transit time of 131-I albumin from calf to inguinal region. Local intravenous epinephrine administration induced venoconstriction and increased venous flow velocity. Intra-arterial isoproterenol and angiotensin increased and decreased arterial flow, respectively, with no change in venous flow velocity of volume, but local heat increased arterial flow and venous flow velocity with no change in venous volume. Local cold, despite venoconstriction, decreased venous flow velocity accompanied by a decreased arterial flow. Intravenous heparin did not affect venous flow velocity. Intravenous but not oral nylidrin increased venous flow velocity. Therefore venous flow velocity can be significantly increased by venocontriction, by large increases in arterial flow (local heat), and by a parenteral vasodilator drug. These experiements indicate that there is a basis for applying heat but not cold in the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis.
Snail Up-regulates Proinflammatory Mediators and Inhibits Differentiation in Oral Keratinocytes
Authors: J. Guy Lyons, Vyomesh Patel, Naomi C. Roue, Sandra Y. Fok, Lilian L. Soon, Gary M. Halliday, J. Silvio Gutkind
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The transcriptional repressor Snail2 is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) relative to nonmalignant head and neck mucosal epithelium, and in locally recurrent relative to nonrecurrent HNSCCs. We investigated the mechanisms by which Snails might contribute to the pathogenesis of HNSCCs using cell biological and molecular analyses. Oral keratinocytes that expressed Snails acquired an enhanced ability to attract monocytes and to invade a dense interstitial collagen matrix. They were also found to up-regulate production of proinflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), which have previously been shown to correlate with malignancy. Induction of nuclear factor-κB transcriptional activity by Snails was weak and not sufficient to account for the elevated levels of COX2, interleukin (IL)-6, IL8, or CXCL1. In addition, expression of Snails in oral keratinocytes impaired desquamation in vitro and strongly repressed expression of both ELF3 and matriptase-1, which play important roles in the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. Reexpression of matriptase-1 in Snail-expressing cells partially rescued desquamation. This implicates Snails as contributing to malignancy both at the early stages, by impeding terminal differentiation, and at later stages, when invasion and inflammation are important. [Cancer Res 2008;68(12):4525–30]