tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response of a Pregnancy-Dependent Mouse Mammary Tumor to Hormones&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A Matsuzawa, T Yamamoto
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

A transplantable, pregnancy-dependent, mouse mammary tumor line (TPDMT-4) showed a pregnancy-dependent growth in DDD breeders. The tumors grew during pregnancy, regressed rapidly after parturition, and reached ascending peaks in subsequent pregnancies. Growth without regression occurred in animals with pituitary isografts (PI), but not after the hosts were ovariectomized. The effects of ovariectomy was negated by sc injections of both 17beta-estradiol (E) and progesterone (P), but single injections of E or P did not abolish the effect of the ovariectomy. The tumors also grew in virgins given sc implants of E and P or deoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) pellets. Adrenalectomy had no influence on the tumor growth in PI-bearing animals, but DCA injections stimulated secretion production by both tumor cells and normal mammary cells. The hormonal conditions that produced tumor growth caused in the host mammary glands the full lobulo-alveolar development seen in mid- to late-pregnant animals. In the hosts without tumor growth, the mammary glands had small clusters of acini at most. The tumors were classified as type A morphologically. Our results suggest that the growth of TPDMT-4, like that of normal mammary glands, is controlled by prolactin, E, and P.
Systemic Effects of Hypophysial Isografts in Female Inbred Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R. L. Briggs, A. G. Liebelt, R. A. Liebelt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Journal Article Systemic Effects of Hypophysial Isografts in Female Inbred Mice Get access R. L. Briggs, R. L. Briggs Department of Anatomy, Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77025 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. G. Liebelt, A. G. Liebelt Department of Anatomy, Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77025 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. A. Liebelt R. A. Liebelt Department of Anatomy, Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77025 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 40, Issue 6, June 1968, Pages 1227–1244, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/40.6.1227 Published: 01 June 1968 Article history Received: 01 March 1968 Accepted: 05 March 1968 Published: 01 June 1968
Effect of dose and schedule on pharmacokinetics of high-dose cytosine arabinoside in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.
Authors: M L Slevin, E M Piall, G W Aherne, V J Harvey, A Johnston, T A Lister
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

The pharmacokinetics of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) were studied in 18 patients with acute leukemia and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The plasma concentrations of ara-C increased in proportion to the dose over a range of 1-3 g/m2. The initial and terminal half-lives were not influenced by the dose or schedule of administration and no accumulation of ara-C occurred with repeated dosage in the same patients. These data suggest that cytidine deaminase is not saturated within this dose range. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of ara-C also rose linearly with the increase in dose and varied from 347 ng/mL (1 g/m2) to 1,070 ng/mL (3 g/m2). The mean CSF concentrations of ara-C following high-dose infusions over three hours were 6%-22% of simultaneous plasma concentrations. Three hours after completion of the intravenous infusion the CSF concentrations were greater than the corresponding plasma concentrations owing to the long half-life of ara-C in CSF compared to that in plasma. These data demonstrate that therapy with intravenous high-dose ara-C given twice daily provides continuous levels in the CSF at concentrations that are likely to be of value in the treatment of central nervous system leukemia.
Patient education via tablet-pc vs. conventional to improve compliance with immunosuppressive drug regimen after lung transplantation - a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hendrik Suhling, Jessica Rademacher, Imke Zinowsky, Jan Fuge, Mark Greer, Gregor Warnecke, Tobias Welte, Jacqueline Smits, Jens Gottlieb
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Non-compliance of immunosuppression after lung-transplantation provokes rejection, infection and renal insufficiency. This study was carried out to determine whether tablet-pc education is non-inferior to conventional, face-to-face, education by a specialist for improvement of immunosuppression levels after lung-transplantation.

A single-centre (Medical School of Hannover), randomised controlled trial with 6 months follow-up, including patients with less than 50% of calcineurin inhibitor trough levels in target range in last 6 months was initiated.

64 patients were randomised, stratified only by underlying disease of cystic fibrosis. 6 months after inclsuion, mean improvement of a single education was 26% of calcineurin inhibitor trough levels in target range. Primary end-point of non-inferiority was reached, a two-sided t-test revealed no difference between types of education (p = 0.17, see figure 1). Trough level variability decreased (tablet-pc: 22.9% and 17.9% conservative, p = 0.13), interval adherence remained unchanged. Knowledge about immunosuppression improved after 6 months by 44%. Instruments to measure compliance (ITBS, Morisky, ECS) demonstrated good compliance without showing differences between the groups.

Conclusion: Tablet-pc education was non-inferior to conventional education with impressive improvement after one education.

![Figure][1]  [1]: pending:yes
Integrin-associated protein/CD47 regulates motile activity in human B-cell lines through CDC42
Authors: Hitoshi Yoshida, Yoshiaki Tomiyama, Jun Ishikawa, Kenji Oritani, Itaru Matsumura, Masamichi Shiraga, Takafumi Yokota, Yu Okajima, Megumu Ogawa, Jun-ichiro Miyagawa, Tetsuo Nishiura, Yuji Matsuzawa
Journal: Blood (2000)
A randomized trial of methotrexate vs. azathioprine for severe atopic eczema: a critical appraisal
Authors: A.N. Patel, S.M. Langan, J.M. Batchelor
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Schram et al. aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of methotrexate vs. azathioprine in adults with severe atopic eczema.This single-blind, parallel-group (ratio 1 : 1), randomized controlled trial was conducted in a secondary care setting in the Netherlands between July 2009 and December 2010. STUDY EXPOSURE: Patients with severe atopic eczema were randomly assigned in a 1 : 1 ratio to receive either methotrexate (10-22·5 mg weekly) or azathioprine (1·5-2·5 mg kg(-1) daily) for 12 weeks, followed by a 12-week follow-up period.The outcome measures comprised various eczema severity measures including: SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis index (SCORAD); Investigator Global Assessment (IGA); Patient Global Assessment (PGA); Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI); and Patient-Oriented Eczema Measurement (POEM). Further outcomes included a visual analogue scale of itch and sleeplessness; Skindex-17; serum levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine; quantity of topical corticosteroids used; and the number of courses of rescue medication (oral prednisolone) used. The primary outcome was the mean change in SCORAD after 12 weeks of treatment.Forty-five patients were screened and 42 of these were included in the trial. At week 12, patients in the methotrexate group had a mean ± SD relative reduction in SCORAD of 42 ± 18% compared with 39 ± 25% in the azathioprine group (P = 0·52). Proportions of patients achieving at least mild disease and reductions in impact on quality of life and symptoms were similar in both groups at weeks 12 and 24. No statistically significant differences were found in the number and severity of adverse events. Abnormalities in blood count were more common in the azathioprine group but no serious adverse events occurred in either group.Schram et al. conclude that both methotrexate and azathioprine achieved clinically relevant improvement and were safe in the short term. They also conclude that both treatments are appropriate treatment options for severe atopic eczema in adult populations.
Hemodynamic predictors of outcome in patients undergoing valve replacement.
Authors: B A Carabello, H Williams, A K Gash, R Kent, D Belber, A Maurer, J Siegel, K Blasius, J F Spann
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The afterload-corrected end-systolic volume index (ratio of end-systolic stress to end-systolic volume index [ESS/ESVI]) was previously useful in predicting outcome in patients with mitral regurgitation undergoing valve replacement. Therefore we tested ESS/ESVI together with standard hemodynamic variables as possible predictors of outcome in 39 patients with various valvular lesions who underwent valve replacement. Thirteen patients had preoperative mitral regurgitation, 16 had aortic stenosis, nine had aortic regurgitation, and one had mitral stenosis. Twenty-seven patients (group S) had a satisfactory outcome as defined by a return to NYHA class I or II together with a normal postoperative ejection fraction. Twelve patients who died, remained in class III or IV, or had a subnormal postoperative ejection fraction were deemed to have an unsatisfactory result (group U). Mean right atrial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, end-diastolic volume index, end-systolic volume index (ESVI), and end-systolic wall stress were all greater in group U, whereas ESS/ESVI and ejection fraction were lower in group U. When these and other factors were submitted to stepwise discriminant multivariate analysis, ESS/ESVI and ESVI were the only independent predictors of outcome. However, when patients with mitral regurgitation (who might have biased the study) were excluded, discriminant analysis showed ESVI as the only independent predictive variable. We conclude that end-systolic indicators of ventricular function are superior to other standard hemodynamic variables in predicting outcome of valve replacement.
Identification of pathogenic macrophage subpopulations in lung disease
Authors: Mubing Duan, Catherine Li, Daniel Steinfort, Louis Irving, Gary Anderson, Margaret Hibbs
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Residential macrophages may exist in discreet subpopulations which subserve specific roles in the maintenance of tissue and immunological homeostasis. In lung, alveolar macrophages (AMΦs) comprise of >95% cells in the alveolar airspaces, where they act as the primary sentinels of pathogens. Increased alveolar macrophage numbers are observed in many animal models of COPD and also clinically in COPD patients. Currently, M2 macrophage polarisation is thought to be a contributor of lung disease, although this in vitro-derived macrophage paradigm may not completely explain the complex behaviour of AMΦs in vivo.  Using flow cytometry, we have developed an approach which shows that mouse AMΦs instead form distinct subpopulations during acute inflammation and in chronic inflammatory lung disease. During acute inflammation, AMΦ subpopulations are characterised by differential Mac-1 and CD11c integrin expression rather than M1 or M2 MΦ surface markers exclusively, and display differential gene signatures ex vivo. Resolution is characterised by restoration to a single population of Mac-1 low/neg  AMΦs mirroring lung homeostasis. In contrast, SHIP-1 -/-  mice which develop chronic inflammatory lung disease spontaneously have an additional subpopulation of Mac-1 pos  macrophages which highly expresses MMP-12. This additional AMΦ subpopulation also tracks with the induction of lung disease using SHIP-1 -/-  chimeric mice.  Following this, we are now screening for markers of AMΦ subpopulations in patients with COPD. Our studies of both animal models and clinical samples may allow us to better understand the role of AMΦ subpopulations in homeostasis and disease.
Release of C-Type Particles From Normal Rat Thymus Cultures and Those Infected with Moloney Leukemia Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Yael Teitz, Edwin H. Lennette, Lyndon S. Oshiro, Natalie E. Cremer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Release of Moloney leukemia virus (MLV) from chronically infected rat thymus cells was studied in vitro by measurement of incorporation of uridine-3H into purified virus. The isolated MLV particles were characterized by density, morphology, immunological reactions, and animal inoculation. Variation was found in the amount of MLV particles released into the media of the chronically infected rat thymus cells at different cell passages. Release of extracellular MLV particles was prevented by treatment of the cells for 6 hours with actinomycin D (0.5 μg/ml) but not by treatment with cytosine arabinoside (10 μ/ml) or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (100 μg/ml). Uninoculated cultures of rat thymus cells also released, to a small extent, uridine-3H-labeled virus particles into the media. The virus appeared as C-type particles, was sensitive to actinomycin D action, and did not react in serological tests with rat anti-MLV serum. The nature of this virus is unknown.
Can NIV parameters settings and changes overtime predict functional and survival outcome in ALS patients
Authors: Anna Caroline Braga, Anabela Pinto, Mamede Carvalho
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Early NIV may play a critical role in survival,and in its compliance.However adherence have only been evaluated regarding n of hours of use,and yet others variables recorded in the equipment’s software could also be useful. Objective: We looked for potential predictors among patients fully compliant to NIV. Methods: In a prospective trial design,we followed-up 60 patients (Jan 2008 to May 2012) that at the end of study were ascribed to two groups according to whether they were dead (G1) or alive (G2).They were all early ventilated,based on abnormal oximetry,phrenic nerve response or ALSFRS-R score 18cmH2O was a significant predictor of survival(-Log-L:82,56;sig.0,0004;B-0,36;CI:0,53-0,77;sig.0,02)and a trend regarding a lower respiratory decline(-2Log-L:124,03;sig.0,000;B-2,46;CI:0,53-0,77;sig:0,05). Conclusions: For the first time,determinants of functional decline and survival are significantly related to parameters settings of NIV equipment.
Never too old: beneficial neurobehavioural effects of continuous positive airway pressure in the elderly
Authors: Donald L. Bliwise
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

This month's issue of the European Respiratory Journal contains a report of a randomised controlled clinical trial for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) [1]. What makes this trial unique and distinguishes it from dozens of other such studies in the published literature is that all of the participants were elderly (≥70 years of age). Clinicians should be no less aggressive in treating OSA in the elderly compared with middle-aged and younger groups <http://ow.ly/MGC4n>
Pre-school children with hydatid disease of lung
Authors: Yener Aydin, Aysenur Dostbil, Omer Araz, Hayri Ogul, Ali Bilal Ulas, Atilla Eroglu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Hydatid cyst is a major health problem in developing countries and it usually settled in lungs in children. In this study we aimed to present our pre-school children cases with lung hydatid cysts that we underwent surgical treatment.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated 42 consecutive pre-school patients who were diagnosed and surgical treated for hydatid cysts in our clinic between January 1998 and December 2011.

Results: Seventeen (40.5%) patients were female and 25 (%59.5) patients were male. The avarage age of the patients was 5.2±1.3 (between 2-7 ages). The most common symptoms were cough (%74), chest pain (%26,2) and fever (%26,2). Twenty eight cases' cyst was in only one lung, in five case cyst was in single lung and liver, in six cases cyst was in bilateral lungs and liver, in three cases cyst was in bilateral lungs. Avarage cyst diameter was 6.2±2.4 (2-12 cm). It was interventioned to right lung and liver cysts by transdiaphragmatic approach together in five cases. In different seance operation was performed to nine patients with bilateral cyst hydatid. Muscle protector thoracotomy was performed in eight cases. Cystotomy and capitonnage were applied to all lung cysts. There was one case of postoperative atelectasis and bronchoscopy was performed. In one case, postoperative fever was observed. Postoperative mortality was not observed.

Conlusion: Surgery is the definite treatment of lung hydatid cyst. The most important way to ptrotect against adverse effects of thoracotomy is to eliminate routes of transmission.

Keywords: Children, lung hydatit cyst.
Characterization of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) with severe sepsis at diagnosis
Authors: Beatriz Montull Veiga, Rosario Menéndez Villanueva, Antoni Torres, Soledad Reyes, Rafael Zalacaín, Alberto Capelastegui, Javier Aspa, Luis Borderías, Juan José Martín-Villasclaras, Salvador Bello, Inmaculada Alfageme, Felipe Rodríguez de Castro, Jordi Rello, Luis Molinos, Juan Ruiz-Manzano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: CAP is a serious respiratory infection that may cause severe sepsis in around 30% of patients, thus increasing severity and mortality.

Objective: To characterize patients who develop CAP with early or late severe sepsis at presentation.

Results: A prospective multicentric cohort study was performed in 13 hospitals. Severe sepsis was diagnosed using Drenmsizov criteria (Chest 2006;129;968-978). 4,137 patients were included: 1,171(28.3%) without sepsis, 1,394(33.7%) with non severe sepsis and 1,572 (38%) with severe sepsis: 521(33.1%) of these had early (≥48 hours) and 1,051 (62%) late onset. There were no gender differences in early vs. late sepsis. Early sepsis was associated to elderly patients (≥65 years: 72.2% vs. 65.2%, p=0.006). Statistical differences in clinical presentation and comorbid conditions are depicted in Table 1. Early severe sepsis showed higher CURB65 scores than late sepsis (49.6% of patients vs. 41.5% with score 3).

View this table:

CAP with severe sepsis characteristics





Conclusions: Early severe sepsis in CAP presents with greater severity while late onset does with large radiographic involvement. Diabetics, elderly patients and those with cerebrovascular disease are more prone to develop rapid onset severe sepsis in CAP.
Long Hours, Little Sleep
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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<i>KRAS</i> Genomic Status Predicts the Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer Cells to Decitabine
Authors: Michelle L. Stewart, Pablo Tamayo, Andrew J. Wilson, Stephanie Wang, Yun Min Chang, Jong W. Kim, Dineo Khabele, Alykhan F. Shamji, Stuart L. Schreiber
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Decitabine, a cancer therapeutic that inhibits DNA methylation, produces variable antitumor response rates in patients with solid tumors that might be leveraged clinically with identification of a predictive biomarker. In this study, we profiled the response of human ovarian, melanoma, and breast cancer cells treated with decitabine, finding that RAS/MEK/ERK pathway activation and DNMT1 expression correlated with cytotoxic activity. Further, we showed that KRAS genomic status predicted decitabine sensitivity in low-grade and high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells. Pretreatment with decitabine decreased the cytotoxic activity of MEK inhibitors in KRAS-mutant ovarian cancer cells, with reciprocal downregulation of DNMT1 and MEK/ERK phosphorylation. In parallel with these responses, decitabine also upregulated the proapoptotic BCL-2 family member BNIP3, which is known to be regulated by MEK and ERK, and heightened the activity of proapoptotic small-molecule navitoclax, a BCL-2 family inhibitor. In a xenograft model of KRAS-mutant ovarian cancer, combining decitabine and navitoclax heightened antitumor activity beyond administration of either compound alone. Our results define the RAS/MEK/DNMT1 pathway as a determinant of sensitivity to DNA methyltransferase inhibition, specifically implicating KRAS status as a biomarker of drug response in ovarian cancer.
In Situ Fc Receptor-Bearing Cells in Two Murine Tumors. II. Role in Tumor Immunityo 2 o 3
Authors: J. H. Korn, J. S. Haskill, H. T. Holden, L. A. Radov, F. L. Ritter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The functional role of cells bearing Fc receptors (FcR's) in 2 murine tumors was investigated. Host-derived inflammatory cells were isolated from sarcomas induced in inbred C57BL/6 mice by murine sarcoma virus (MuSV) and from T1699 mammary adenocarcinomas in inbred DBA/2 mice. FcR-positive and FcR-negative cell populations were isolated by rosette formation with antibody-sensitized sheep red blood cells (SRBC's) followed by velocity sedimentation separation. The use of various antibody concentrations for SRBC sensitization allowed separation of different mononuclear cell populatlons by their FcR-binding characteristics. Cytotoxic T-cells within the MuSV-induced sarcomas did not have detectable levels of FcR. Growth-inhibitory cells in the sarcoma were, in large part, FcR-positive macrophages. In the T1699 mammary adenocarcinoma, the specific growth-inhibitory effector cells found within the tumor had high FcR activity characteristic of the monocytic cell series. An additional cell population capable of mediating antibody-dependent cytotoxicity was also isolated; these cells were weakly positive for FcR. Two populations of cell types capable of passively transferring delayed hypersensitivity (OHS) were isolated from the tumor: 1) a minor population, FcR-positive but θ-antigen-negative and 2) a larger population, θ-antigen-positive but FcR-negative. The results indicate that FcR-positlve cells may have several different and important functions in tumors and that FcR-binding properties may be used to identify and isolate specific effector cell populations. With the use of antibody-coated SRBC rosette formation as the probe, most FcR-positive effector cells involved in antitumor immunity appeared to belong to the monocytic cell series. Thymus-derived cytotoxic or DHS effector cells appeared to have low or undetectable levels of FcR.