tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies of Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Authors: HOWARD R. KNAPP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1988Studies of Omega-3 Fatty AcidsHOWARD R. KNAPP, M.D., Ph.D.HOWARD R. KNAPP, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-5-767_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTO THE EDITOR: Von Schacky's (1) article on the potential for omega-3 fatty acids in altering the course of atherosclerosis is an excellent overview of a complex area. Particularly important is his emphasis on the lack of and need for controlled clinical trials of fish oil. The lack of well-designed clinical studies is especially notable in evaluating the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on blood pressure (2). Although several studies in small numbers of Western volunteers have found various fish oil preparations to have hypotensive properties, the idea that hypertension is rare among Eskimos appears to have arisen from anecdotal...References1. VON SCHACKY C. Prophylaxis of atherosclerosis with marine omega-3 fatty acids: a comprehensive strategy. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:890-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KNAPPWHITTEMOREFITZGERALD HKG. Dietary polyunsaturates and human vascular function. In: LANDS WEM, ed. Proceedings of the AOCS Short Course on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids. Champaign, Illinois: American Oil Chemists Society; 1987:41-55. Google Scholar3. DAHL L. Salt intake and salt need. N Engl J Med. 1958;258:1152-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. EHRSTROM I. Medical studies in North Greenland 1948-1949: VI. Blood pressure, hypertension and atherosclerosis in relation to food and mode of living. Acta Med Scand. 1951;140:416-22. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. BJERAGERKROMANNTHYGESENHARVALD PNKB. Blood-pressure in Greenland Eskimos. Ugeskr Laeger. 1980;142:2278-80. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37232 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMetabolism of linoleic and α-linolenic acids in cultured cardiomyocytes: Effect of different N-6 and N-3 fatty acid Supplementation 1 May 1988Volume 108, Issue 5Page: 767-767KeywordsAtherosclerosisBlood pressureClinical trialsFatty acidsHypertensionOils Issue Published: 1 May 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
DIABETIC CATARACT IN A CHILD
Authors: Solomon Strouse
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Although the occurrence of cataract in diabetes in older persons is by no means uncommon, the disease in children usually ends in death before trophic disturbances are produced. We have been able to find two cases reported. One was by Sherrill,<sup>1</sup>occurring in a boy, aged 15, who had a severe diabetes of about one and a half years' duration and who showed bilateral cataract. Operation restored vision to normal, although the patient died two years later of the diabetes. Joslin<sup>2</sup>reports a case of bilateral cataract in a girl 12, discovered five months after the onset of the disease. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> E. H., a girl, aged 10 years, who entered the Michael Reese Hospital, May 19, 1922, had the usual symptoms of diabetes (loss of weight, increased thirst, increased appetite, polyuria, malaise and irritability). Onset was one year before, and within one month of the onset,
Cod-Liver Oil
Authors: J. M. Winn
Journal: BMJ (1871)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL.35 case seems to be altogether of a different nature, as no evidence of tubercular disease of the lungs existed.The most curious circumstance connected with the case is the fact, that the patient's complaints were chiefly connected with the stomach; indeed, the symptoms were not unlike those of chronic ulcer of the stomach.The house-surgeon also thought, and not without some rea- son, that the haemorrhage was from the stomach, although the fluid character of the blood and the cough certainly militated against that view.Dr. Paget had not an opportunity of seeing the case subsequently to the supervention of the haemorrhage.Cambridge,
Is Combination Sulfonylurea and Insulin Therapy Useful in NIDDM Patients?: A metaanalysis
Authors: Jacqueline A Pugh, Mary L Wagner, John Sawyer, Gilbert Ramirez, Michael Tuley, Samuel J Friedberg
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of combination therapy with insulin and sulfonylurea in the treatment of NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Studies published between January 1966 and January 1991 were identified through a computerized Medline search and by hand searching the bibliographies of identified articles. We identified 17 eligible randomized, controlled trials of combination therapy in NIDDM. These trials had a minimum duration of 8 wk and at least one of three outcome measures (fasting glucose, HbA1, or C-peptide) with SD or SE of the mean reported to do metaanalysis. With standardized forms, three independent reviews abstracted measures of study quality and specific descriptive information about population, intervention, and outcome measurements. RESULTS We calculated effect size and weighted mean changes of the three outcome measures for control and treatment groups. In the treatment group, the fasting plasma glucose decreased from a mean of 11.4 mM (206 mg/dl) at baseline to a mean of 9.16 mM (165 mg/dl) posttreatment, whereas the control group decreased from (11.3 to 10.8 mM) (204 to 194 mg/dl) (effect size 0.39, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). For HbA1, the treatment group decreased from a baseline of 11.0 to 10.2% compared to 11.0 and 11.2% in the control group (effect size 0.43, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). For fasting C-peptide, the treatment group increased from 0.49 to 0.58 nM (1.45 to 1.75 ng/ml) compared with 0.47 and 0.43 (1.42 and 1.30) for the control group (effect size 0.26, P &amp;lt; 0.017). CONCLUSION Combined insulin-sulfonylurea therapy leads to modest improvement in glycemic control compared with insulin therapy alone. With combined therapy, lower insulin doses may be used to achieve similar control. Obese patients with higher fasting C-peptides may be more likely to respond than others.
Activation of CPP32-like protease in tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis is dependent on mitochondrial function.
Authors: M Higuchi, B B Aggarwal, E T Yeh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Mitochondria have been implicated in apoptosis, however, the precise mechanisms whereby mitochondria exert their effect are not clear. To gain further insights, we generated a panel of cells from ML-1a cells that were rendered respiration deficient by ethidium bromide treatment. Two respiration-deficient clones were subsequently reconstituted by fusion with platelets. Respiration-deficient clones were resistant to TNF-induced apoptosis, whereas ML-1a and reconstituted clones were sensitive. In contrast, inhibition of proliferation and induction of differentiation by TNF were still observed in respiration deficient clones, suggesting a selective requirement of respiration in TNF-induced apoptosis. Furthermore the apoptosis machinery is not completely altered in respiration-deficient cells because they underwent apoptosis after staurosporine treatment. Next, we showed that apoptosis induced by TNF and staurosporine were blocked by z-DEVD-CH2F, an inhibitor of CPP32-like cysteine protease, suggesting the involvement of CPP32-like protease in both apoptosis signaling pathways. Interestingly, TNF activated CPP32-like protease in the parental and reconstituted clones but not in respiration-deficient clones, and staurosporine in all clones. Thus, the apoptosis signaling block in respiration-deficient clones is located at a step before CPP32-like protease activation, which can be bypassed by staurosporine.
Malignant carcinoid syndrome associated with cutaneous scleroderma
Authors: J. Handley, M. Walsh, K. Armstrong, C. Russell, K. Buchananr, A. Bingham
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Malignant carcinoid syndrome associated with cutaneous scleroderma Get access J. Handley, J. Handley Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Northern Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Walsh, M. Walsh Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Northern Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Armstrong, K. Armstrong Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Northern Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Russell, C. Russell Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Northern Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Buchananr, K. Buchananr Department of Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Northern Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Bingham A. Bingham Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Northern Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 2, 1 August 1993, Pages 222–223, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03535.x Published: 01 August 1993
Echocardiographic correlates and prognostic value of soluble apoptosis‐signaling molecules in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: John Parissis, Stamatis Adamopoulos, Koula Venetsanou, Dimitrios Mentzikof, Maria Kalantzi, Nikos Chrisopoulos, Spilios Karas, Dimitrios Kremastinos
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Consultants' merit award system to be reformed
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Government discontent with the system of distinction awards paid to British consultants surfaced this week in a package of measures that the Department of Health described as the biggest reform of consultants' pay for 50 years, with a more fundamental review to follow next year.

Although issued for consultation, the proposals reflect already firm government policy, which will influence the 1999 doctors' pay review. Under these proposals, the Advisory Committee on Distinction Awards, which currently comprises 33 members (including 25 consultants), would be reduced to 14--a chairman, five consultants, and eight representatives of NHS employers and patients' interests.

The new committee would be able to …
Human Lung Parenchyma Responds to Contractile Stimulation
Authors: M. DOLHNIKOFF, J. MORIN, M. S. LUDWIG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Tissue resistance increases after agonist challenge. Parenchymal contractile cells may be the responsible element. We investigated the viscoelastic properties of human parenchymal strips before and after challenge with acetylcholine (ACh) (10− 3 M). Thirteen subpleural strips were oscillated in the organ bath, and measurements of resistance (R), elastance (E), and hysteresivity ( η ) were obtained. After physiologic measurements, tissues were fixed for morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. We quantitated the volume proportion of alveolar, airway, and blood vessel wall in individual strips. Smooth-muscle-specific actin was identified using a monoclonal antibody and the volume proportion of actin quantitated by point counting. After ACh, there was a significant increase in tension (2.6 ± 0.6%), R (11.0 ± 1.8%), E (4.3 ± 0.7%), and η (8.2 ± 2.4%) (p < 0.002). Four strips contained no identifiable airways, yet in strips with and without airways there was no difference in the magnitude of the mechanical response or in the volume proportion of smooth-muscle-specific actin in the alveolar walls. We conclude that human lung parenchymal strips respond to ACh challenge with changes in dynamic mechanical behavior. Furthermore, small airways are not required for such a response to occur. This implicates a direct contractile response at the level of the alveolar wall and/or the alveolar duct.
Cardiac Emergency Simulator
Authors: David T. Overton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<i>Cardiac Emergency Simulator</i>is an IBM PC-based software program designed to teach the principles of advanced cardiac life support and other cardiac emergencies. The documentation advises the user to have a copy of the American Heart Association's<b>Textbook of Advanced Cardiac Life Support</b>available, and, indeed, the topics and protocols rather closely approximate those of the ACLS curriculum. Hardware requirements include an IBM PC compatible with 512K of RAM and a CGA or EGA adapter. A hard drive can be used but is not necessary, and the program can be run either from the keyboard or using a mouse. Although the documentation states that a mouse is easier to use than the keyboard, I personally found that the menu-driven program ran easily and intuitively either way. The initial menu includes an on-disk introduction, which I found very helpful. Although written documentation is a scant seven pages, I found it to
Cellular Basis for the Negative Dromotropic Effect of Adenosine on Rabbit Single Atrioventricular Nodal Cells
Authors: Desuo Wang, John C. Shryock, Luiz Belardinelli
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract The effects of adenosine on action potentials, rate-dependent activation failure (the cellular basis for second-degree atrioventricular [AV] block), and the recovery of excitability in rabbit isolated single AV nodal cells were studied using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Adenosine (1 μmol/L) shortened the duration, depressed the amplitude, and reduced the rate of rise of the AV nodal cell action potential. Adenosine (10 μmol/L) caused a significant hyperpolarization (7±1 mV) of AV nodal cells. Adenosine increased the occurrence and the rate dependence of activation failure (Wenckebach periodicity) of AV nodal cells; this effect was concentration dependent and mediated by A 1 adenosine receptors. The rate-dependent activation failure caused by adenosine was associated with a prolongation of the effective refractory period by 18±2 ms ( P &lt;.05), an increase in the duration of activation delay, and an elevation (from 0.22±0.04 to 0.30±0.03 nA, P &lt;.05) of the threshold current amplitude required to activate AV nodal cells. The results suggest that the slowed recovery of excitability of AV nodal cells caused by adenosine forms the cellular basis for adenosine-induced second-degree AV block. Adenosine decreased I Ca,L and activated I K,ADO of AV nodal cells. These actions of adenosine on ion currents may contribute to the effect of this nucleoside to depress excitability of AV nodal cells. The enhancement by adenosine of rate-dependent activation failure of AV nodal cells implies that the negative dromotropic effect of adenosine should be more pronounced during an episode of supraventricular tachycardia than during normal rhythm.
Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity and Creatinine Clearance
Authors: ALVIN H. MOSS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1984Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity and Creatinine ClearanceALVIN H. MOSS, M.D., FREDERICK C. WHITTIER, M.D.ALVIN H. MOSS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FREDERICK C. WHITTIER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-1-143 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the article by Moore, and colleagues (1) on aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in the March issue, but we differ with their interpretation of the data. They estimated renal function from a calculated creatinine clearance and concluded that "a high initial creatinine clearance is associated with an increased risk of developing nephrotoxicity." On review of the data, it is likely that an initial overestimation of the creatinine clearance was responsible for the development of nephrotoxicity. The higher trough aminoglycoside levels in the patients who developed nephrotoxicity support our interpretation.The creatinine clearances in their study were...References1. MOORE R, SMITH C, LIPSKY J, MELLITS E, and LIETMAN P. Risk factors for nephrotoxicity in patients treated with aminoglycosides. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:352-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. COCKCROFT D and GAULT M. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron. 1976;16:31-41. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. PAPADAKIS M and ARIEFF A. Hepatorenal syndrome: an expanded difinition [Abstract]. In: Abstracts—American Society of Nephrology. Washington, D.C.: American Society of Nephrology; 1983:36A. Google Scholar4. BAUER J, BROOKS C, and BURCH R. Clinical appraisal of creatinine clearance as a measurement of glomerular filtration rate. Am J Kidney Dis. 1982;2:337-46. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. MOORE R, SMITH C, and LIETMAN P. The association of aminoglycoside plasma levels with mortality in gram-negative bacteremia. J Infect Dis. 1984. (In press). CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. LIETMAN P and SMITH C. Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in humans. Rev Infect Dis. 1983;5(suppl):S284-92. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALVIN H. MOSS, M.D.; FREDERICK C. WHITTIER, M.D.Affiliations: West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown, WV 26506-6302 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1984Volume 101, Issue 1Page: 143-144KeywordsCreatinine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 3226: Targeting PI3K signaling in a xenograft model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: David M. Merritt, Pamela Smith, David A. Thorley-Lawson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer of the head and neck and is particularly common in Southern China and parts of the developing world. NPC may be a significant world health problem since it is likely to be underreported in parts of Southeast Asia and North Africa. The nonkeratinizing forms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are divided into two subtypes based on histology (“differentiated” WHO type II and “undifferentiated” WHO type III.) Our analysis of gene expression data from an Affymetrix study of type II and type III NPC tumor biopsies using the Connectivity Map, a bioinformatics algorithm developed at the Broad Institute, suggests that the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway may be more highly activated in NPC type III. The array data may also reflect differential sensitivity to PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway inhibitors and that the underlying genetic lesions that drive Akt activity in NPC type II and NPC type III are different. In addition, analysis using an algorithm that analyzes sets of functionally related genes, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), revealed that in NPC type III tumors, there is an increased expression of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); a developmental program characterized by loss of cell adhesion, repression of E-cadherin expression and increased cell mobility. EMT has been reported to be a feature of several metastatic cancers. We performed biochemical assays in vitro on NPC cells that supported these findings, and then developed a xenograft tumor model that replicates invasive and metastatic NPC in immunodeficient mice. This model allows us to track tumor development by bioluminescence non-invasively over time. Blocking the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway with Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, had a significant effect on the growth of metastases. Taken together, this suggests that the activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway and EMT in NPC type III tumors may provide a molecular basis for the distinction between NPC type II and NPC type III, and that the type III phenotype is associated with metastatic progression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It may also provide prognostic and therapeutic implications for more efficacious treatment specifically targeting metastasis in NPC. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3226.
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AS PROGNOSTICATORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Dimitris Tsiachris, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Costas Thomopoulos, Dimitris Syrseloudis, Elena Vezali, Antonis Moulakakis, Dimitris Tousoulis, Ioannis Kallikazaros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Trends and Characteristics of US Emergency Department Visits, 1997-2007
Authors: Ning Tang, John Stein, Renee Y. Hsia, Judith H. Maselli, Ralph Gonzales
Journal: JAMA (2010)

<h3>Context</h3>The potential effects of increasing numbers of uninsured and underinsured persons on US emergency departments (EDs) is a concern for the health care safety net.<h3>Objective</h3>To describe the changes in ED visits that occurred from 1997 through 2007 in the adult and pediatric US populations by sociodemographic group, designation of safety-net ED, and trends in ambulatory care–sensitive conditions.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Publicly available ED visit data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) from 1997 through 2007 were stratified by age, sex, race, ethnicity, insurance status, safety-net hospital classification, triage category, and disposition. Codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), were used to extract visits related to ambulatory care–sensitive conditions. Visit rates were calculated using annual US Census estimates.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Total annual visits to US EDs and ED visit rates for population subgroups.<h3>Results</h3>Between 1997 and 2007, ED visit rates increased from 352.8 to 390.5 per 1000 persons (rate difference, 37.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], −51.1 to 126.5; P = .001 for trend); the increase in total annual ED visits was almost double of what would be expected from population growth. Adults with Medicaid accounted for most of the increase in ED visits; the visit rate increased from 693.9 to 947.2 visits per 1000 enrollees between 1999 and 2007 (rate difference, 253.3; 95% CI, 41.1 to 465.5; P = .001 for trend). Although ED visit rates for adults with ambulatory care–sensitive conditions remained stable, ED visit rates among adults with Medicaid increased from 66.4 in 1999 to 83.9 in 2007 (rate difference, 17.5; 95% CI, −5.8 to 40.8; P = .007 for trend). The number of facilities qualifying as safety-net EDs increased from 1770 in 2000 to 2489 in 2007.<h3>Conclusion</h3>These findings indicate that ED visit rates have increased from 1997 to 2007 and that EDs are increasingly serving as the safety net for medically underserved patients, particularly adults with Medicaid.