tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TCT-201 The middle-term outcome of small-vessel stenting with the second-generation drug-eluting stents.
Authors: Masakazu Tsutsumi, Toshiya Muramatsu, Reiko Tsukahara, Yoshiaki Ito, Hiroshi Ishimori, Keisuke Hirano, Masatsugu Nakano, Motoharu Araki, Tamon Kato, Norihiro Kobayashi, Hideyuki Takimura, Yasunari Sakamoto, Shinsuke Mori, Takuro Takama, Hiroya Takafuji, Takahiro Tokuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Foreign vs. American Schools.
Authors: Irving C. Rosse
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Washington, D. C., Feb. 14,1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> — It is gratifying to note in the columns of theJournalthat several correspondents have had the courage to speak out their convictions as to the supposed advantages of European medical education when compared with those of our own country. Permit me to say that my personal experience warrants the full corroboration of the statements made by your correspondents. Familiarity with the teaching of the medical schools in our Eastern cities, and frequent trips across the Atlantic the last twenty years, during which I studied at the principal European medical centers, have afforded ample opportunity to make comparison which, without any spread-eagleism, I am forced to say is greatly in favor of my native land. Just why any true American should go into ecstacies over anything German has always been a puzzle to me. While there are many individual Germans whom
Prolonged Survival After Complete Resection of Disseminated Melanoma and Active Immunotherapy With a Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine
Authors: Eddy C. Hsueh, Richard Essner, Leland J. Foshag, David W. Ollila, Guy Gammon, Steven J. O’Day, Peter D. Boasberg, Stacey L. Stern, Xing Ye, Donald L. Morton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

The curative effect of surgery in certain patients with metastatic melanoma suggests the presence of endogenous antitumor responses. Because melanoma is immunogenic, we investigated whether a therapeutic cancer vaccine called Canvaxin (CancerVax Corporation, Carlsbad, CA) could enhance antitumor immune responses and thereby prolong survival.Of 263 patients who underwent complete resection of American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IV melanoma, 150 received postoperative adjuvant vaccine therapy and 113 did not. The overall survival (OS) for the two groups was compared by Cox regression. Further survival analysis was performed by matched-pair analysis according to three prognostic variables: sex, metastatic site, and number of tumor-involved organ sites.Five-year OS rates were 39% for vaccine and 19% for nonvaccine patients. On multivariate analysis, vaccine therapy was the most significant prognostic variable in this cohort (P =.0001). Analysis of 107 matched pairs of vaccine and nonvaccine patients revealed a significant OS advantage for vaccine therapy (P =.0009): 5-year OS was 39% for vaccine patients versus 20% for nonvaccine patients. There was a significant delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to adjuvant vaccine therapy (P =.0001), and OS was significantly correlated with DTH to vaccine (P =.0001) but not with DTH to purified protein derivative (PPD), a control antigen.Prolonged survival was observed in patients who received postoperative active immunotherapy with Canvaxin therapeutic cancer vaccine. The correlation of survival with vaccine-DTH responses but not PPD-DTH indicates a treatment-specific effect. These findings suggest that adjuvant active specific immunotherapy should be considered after cytoreductive surgery for advanced melanoma.
Sympathetic Activity in Obese Subjects With and Without Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Philippe J. H. van de Borne, Ryan L. Cooley, Mark E. Dyken, Virend K. Somers
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Obese humans are reported to have increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may also be accompanied by increased MSNA. Because there is a high prevalence of OSA in obese humans, it is possible that high MSNA reported in obese subjects may in fact reflect the presence of OSA in these subjects. We tested the hypothesis that obesity, per se, in the absence of OSA, is not accompanied by increased MSNA. Methods and Results —We measured MSNA in 25 healthy normal-weight subjects and 30 healthy sedentary obese subjects. All subjects were screened by history and examination to exclude subjects with OSA or hypertension. OSA was further excluded by overnight polysomnographic studies. Despite careful screening, polysomnography revealed that 1 of 25 normal-weight subjects and 9 of 30 obese subjects had occult OSA ( P =0.015). MSNA was similar in normal-weight subjects (41±3 bursts per 100 heartbeats) and obese subjects without sleep apnea (42±3 bursts per 100 heartbeats, P =0.99). MSNA in the 9 obese subjects with occult OSA was 61±8 bursts per 100 heartbeats, which was higher than MSNA in normal-weight subjects without sleep apnea ( P =0.02) and higher than MSNA in obese subjects without sleep apnea ( P =0.02). Conclusions —Obesity alone, in the absence of OSA, is not accompanied by increased sympathetic activity to muscle blood vessels.
Angiotensin Blockade in Late Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Vicente E. Torres, Kaleab Z. Abebe, Arlene B. Chapman, Robert W. Schrier, William E. Braun, Theodore I. Steinman, Franz T. Winklhofer, Godela Brosnahan, Peter G. Czarnecki, Marie C. Hogan, Dana C. Miskulin, Frederic F. Rahbari-Oskoui, Jared J. Grantham, Peter C. Harris, Michael F. Flessner, Charity G. Moore, Ronald D. Perrone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Hypertension develops early in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and is associated with disease progression. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension in patients with ADPKD. Dual blockade of the RAAS may circumvent compensatory mechanisms that limit the efficacy of monotherapy with an angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin II–receptor blocker (ARB).
Antibiotic Selection Based Upon Immediately Available Data
Authors: George E. Gantner
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Selection of antimicrobial agents for a patient with an infection must usually be made before the actual sensitivity pattern of that organism is available from the laboratory. In the described system, accurate statistical information is kept by the use of optical coincidence cards of all previous bacterial sensitivities as studied in that laboratory. By sorting for immediately available information (source of specimen, Gram stain, and morphology), a prediction is obtained for this organism. This prediction is based on<i>current</i>experience in<i>this</i>laboratory and reflects changes in prevailing sensitivity patterns on a short-term basis. Ideal combinations of antibiotics may be obtained by special sorting procedures.
Beta 2 Microglobulin (B2 MG) levels in serum from patients with chronic active C hepatitis treated with interferon (IFN)
Authors: L. Garcia-Buey, A. Melon-Rey, C. Garcia-Monzon, J. Cantero, J.M. Paiares, R. Moreno-Otero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Landmarks in Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Sheila Sherlock
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Epidemic jaundice was mentioned by Hippocrates<sup>1</sup>(460-375 BC) in<i>De Morbus Internis</i>. It was recognized as an infectious disease of war, huge epidemics being reported in almost every conflict from the American Civil War to Gallipoli in 1915<sup>2</sup>(Fig 1). The second World War proved no exception, there being 200,000 cases among US troops from 1942 to 1945<sup>3</sup>; five million Germans, civilians and military, are said to have suffered. This led to a great impetus to the understanding and prevention of the disease. In 1865, Virchow<sup>4</sup>had described one patient, suffering from epidemic jaundice, in whom the lower end of the common bile duct was blocked by a plug of mucus. This led to the term<i>catarrhal jaundice</i>; the disease was thought to be due to catarrh, with mucus obstructing the bile duct. This caused confusion and limited progess in the understanding of the disease. In
Hyperparathyroidism and Pancreatitis
Authors: Orlo H. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  I read the article by Bess et al (243:246, 1980) in which the authors stated A review of the available data, including experimental evidence, does not support a cause-and-effect relationship between primary hyperparathyroidism or hypercalcemia and  Although their results in 1,153 patients with surgically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism support this statement, other studies would suggest that there is a causal relationship between severe hyperparathyroidism and acute pancreatitis. Thus, acute pancreatitis has been reported to occur in about 16% of patients with parathyroid cancers and profound hypercalcemia, and about 25% of patients with a serum calcium level greater than 17 mL/dL have pancreatitis (192:916, 1965). 1 Pancreatitis is also frequently found in patients dying of hypercalcemic crises secondary to hyperparathyroidism. 1,2   Although this information does not prove that there is a causal relationship between pancreatitis and hyperparathyroidism, it appears that this relationship does exist.
Decompensation of Pressure-Overload Hypertrophy in Gαq-Overexpressing Mice
Authors: Yoshihito Sakata, Brian D. Hoit, Stephen B. Liggett, Richard A. Walsh, Gerald W. Dorn
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Receptor-mediated activation of myocardial Gq signaling is postulated as a biochemical mechanism transducing pressure-overload hypertrophy. The specific effects of Gq activation on the functional and morphological adaptations to pressure overload are not known. Methods and Results —To determine the effects of intrinsic myocyte Gαq signaling on the left ventricular hypertrophic response to experimental pressure overload, transgenic mice overexpressing Gαq specifically in the heart (Gαq-25) and nontransgenic siblings underwent microsurgical creation of transverse aortic coarctation and the morphometric, functional, and molecular characteristics of these pressure-overloaded hearts were compared at increasing times after surgery. Before aortic banding, isolated Gαq-25 ventricular myocytes exhibited contractile depression (depressed +dl/dt and −dl/dt) and Gαq-25 hearts showed a pattern of fetal gene expression similar to the known characteristics of nontransgenic pressure-overloaded mice. Three weeks after transverse aortic banding, Gαq-25 left ventricles hypertrophied to a similar extent (≈30% increase) as nontransgenic mice. However, whereas nontransgenic mice exhibited concentric left ventricular remodeling with maintained ejection performance (compensated hypertrophy), Gαq-25 left ventricles developed eccentric hypertrophy and ejection performance deteriorated, ultimately resulting in left heart failure (decompensated hypertrophy). The signature hypertrophy-associated progress of fetal cardiac gene expression observed at baseline in Gαq-25 developed after aortic banding of nontransgenic mice but did not significantly change in aortic-banded Gαq-25 mice. Conclusions —Intrinsic cardiac myocyte Gαq activation stimulates fetal gene expression and depresses cardiac myocyte contractility. Superimposition of the hemodynamic stress of pressure overload on Gαq overexpression stimulates a maladaptive form of eccentric hypertrophy that leads to rapid functional decompensation. Therefore Gαq-stimulated cardiac hypertrophy is functionally deleterious and compromises the ability of the heart to adapt to increased mechanical load. This finding supports a reevaluation of accepted concepts regarding the mechanisms for compensation and decompensation in pressure-overload hypertrophy.
Local Treatment of Early Cancer in Short Barrett's Esophagus by Means of Argon Plasma Coagulation: Initial Experience
Authors: None May, None Gossner, None Günter, None Stolte, None Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

As with the early gastric carcinoma, the management of early Barrett's cancer has changed in recent years because of the option of high-resolution endoscopic ultrasound. In particular, well differentiated mucosal early cancers can be treated using local endoscopically controlled therapeutic methods, such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), photodynamic therapy (PDT), or thermal destruction using a KTP laser, with the aim of cure, even in operable patients [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6].
When I use a word: Masses and masses
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

There has been for some time a dispute, albeit a muted one, between those who prefer to report drug concentrations in units such as mg/l and those who prefer to use μmol/l (see, for example, J Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;19:1-2). Toxicologists, who need an excess of molecules, prefer mass units. Pharmacologists generally prefer molar units and need just enough molecules. Immunologists often talk in mass units, if only because they don't know the exact molecular weight of the relevant species, but they really only need only one molecule at a time. Homoeopathists, on the other hand, talk in dilutions, not units of any sort, and they need no molecules at all.

Some seem to think that μmol/l …
Why don't the British treat more patients with kidney failure?
Authors: E. Ward
Journal: BMJ (1983)

colleagues; (b) they are highly cost effective6 7 -savings to the nation considerably outweigh the costs; (c) most smokers would like help in giving up, 70%/ or more have already tried to quit, 50%0 want to and are resolved to try to give up8; and (d) the general public as a whole -that is, both non-smokers and smokerswants the government to spend more to encourage people to stop smoking.8Against this clear mandate, however, we are blatantly failing to get our act together.General practitioners accept their role in prevention of smoking and many are active and effective 9 but their initiatives are largely unsupported.Health education officers, the group that could coordinate initiatives for giving up smoking at district level, are still reeling from the effects of reorganisation.Their numbers are still well below the recom- mended norm of 1 per 50 000 population.There is, furthermore, very little joint planning of programmes between the NHS and the Health Education Council at national level.The council is the only body with the resources available to mount ambitious initiatives in the mass media-that is assuming that the distracting wranglings with the DHSS can be sorted out.10What will it take for the UK to tackle seriously the single most important cause of premature death and handicap in the nationsurely not premature deaths from smoking running into six figure numbers each year?Perhaps the new Chief Medical Officer at the DHSS, with his particular insight into preven- tive medicine, can inspire a new initiative ?We urgently need one.
The influence of resting tension on immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide secretion by rat atria superfused in vitro.
Authors: R J Schiebinger, J Linden
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a potent diuretic hormone secreted by the atria in response to volume expansion. We examined the effect of resting tension on atrial natriuretic peptide secretion by rat atria superfused in vitro. Left atria were hooked between an electrode and force transducer and superfused with medium 199. The atria were studied at a pacing frequency of 0 or 3 Hz. Atrial natriuretic peptide content of the superfusate was measured by radioimmunoassay. In nonpaced and paced atria, increasing resting tension three- to five-fold caused immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide secretion to increase by 35 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM, n = 6, p less than 0.01) and 30 +/- 3% (n = 4, p less than 0.01), respectively. Lowering resting tension by 50% in nonpaced and paced atria lowered immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide secretion by 30 +/- 3% (n = 7, p less than 0.01) and 24 +/- 3% (n = 6, p less than 0.01), respectively. To exclude the possibility that release of norepinephrine or acetylcholine from endogenous nerve endings was mediating this effect, the atria were superfused with the combination of propranolol 0.1 microM, phentolamine 1.0 microM, and atropine 10 microM. These concentrations of the antagonists were 125-fold or higher than their Kd for binding to their respective receptors. The antagonists did not block the rise in immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide secretion; neither did they inhibit an established rise in immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide secretion induced by increasing the resting tension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CONTINUOUS MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF 70 SUDDEN AND UNEXPECTED INFANT DEATHS: TOXIGENIC INTESTINAL CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM INFECTION IN 9 CASES OF SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME
Authors: OrtrudA.R. Sonnabend, WolfgangF.F. Sonnabend, Ulrich Krech, Gisela Molz, Thomas Sigrist
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
The elementary units of meaning
Authors: Paul J. M. Jorion
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Examining the implications of a localist model for linguistic performance, I show the strengths of the P-graph, a network of elementary units of meaning where utterance results from relaxation through the operation of a dynamics of affect values. A unit of meaning is stored in a synaptic connection that brings together two words. Such a model, consistent with the anatomy and physiology of the neural tissue, eschews a number of traditional pitfalls of “semantic networks”: (1) ambiguity ceases to be an issue, as similar uses of a word are automatically clustered together; (2) faster retrieval of words acquired early is explained by the larger number of their instances. In addition the P-graph takes advantage of a plausible form of information storage: the local topology of the neural tissue.
Milk for babies and children
Authors: A. Lucas, S. Lockton, P. S W Davies
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Activity of dopamine-(3-hydroxylase (D[H), C reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid A (SAA) in patients with familial Mediterranean fever and controls DI3H (ltmol/min/l) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Group Mean (SD) Range CRP (mg/i) SAA (mg/i) Patients with familial Mediterranean fever: Acute attack (n= 15) 16 (8) 2-27 83 (91) 326 (247) Receiving colchicine (n= 23) 18 (9) 7-50 15 (19) 55 (82) No colchicine (n= 15) 16 (8) 9-33 22 (39) 66 (107) Controls: With acute abdomen (n= 12) 16 (7) 3-28 35 (55) 134 (232) Healthy (n= 16) 16 (6) 5-30 6 (2) 20 (14)We therefore collected serum samples from three groups of patients with familial Mediter- ranean fever and two control groups and measured dopamine-,1-hydroxylase activity as previously described.4In agreement with a recent study by Ben-Chetrit et all we could not detect significant differences between any of the groups.In addition we confirmed that the group with familial Mediterranean fever was in an active phase of the disease by measuring the acute phase proteins, serum amyloid A -and C reactive protein, using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods developed in this laboratory.6Raised acute phase protein concentrations were found in the group with acute familial Mediterranean fever and the control group with acute abdomen (table).Our data show that there is no correlation between the acute phase response to inflammation and dopamine-4-hydroxylase activities.The activity of the dopamine-fi-hydroxylase was similar to that reported by Ben-Chetrit et al.5 This is the second report showing no diagnostic specificity for dopamine-4-hydroxylase values, suggesting that we should look for alternative biochemical markers for the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever.
Feasibility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided embolization of the splenic vein
Authors: K. Matthes, D. Sahani, N. Holalkere, M. Mino-Kenudson, W. Brugge
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Hepatic encephalopathy is a complication that occurs when a large proportion of the mesenteric venous blood is shunted into the systemic circulation [1]. Spontaneous splenorenal or gastrorenal shunts may develop as portocaval circulation collaterals in patients with portal hypertension. Occlusion of spontaneous portal-systemic shunts by surgical or interventional radiological techniques is an effective treatment for intractable encephalopathy [2] [3]. Selective embolization of the splenic vein was performed recently for untreatable portosystemic encephalopathy, with the application of metallic coils between a spontaneous splenorenal shunt and the superior mesenteric vein [4]. Ethylene vinyl alcohol (Enteryx) has been used for the embolization of vascular malformations [5]. In this study, we determined the feasibility of performing endoscopic ultrasound-guided splenic vein embolization (EUS-SVE) using Enteryx (Figure [1]).
ENZYMATIC VARIANTS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS
Authors: Billie L. Padgett, Duard L. Walker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Slowly reacting enzymatic variants of the Lee strain of influenza B virus were isolated by the serial application of a technique which concentrated the fraction of the virus population obtained by slow elution followed by passage of this fraction at high dilution in chicken embryos. The variants were stable upon serial passage in chicken embryos and did not differ significantly from the parent virus in any of the characteristics tested other than those relating to the virus enzyme. Enzymatically, the variants had a much slower rate of activity on chicken mucoproteins than the parent virus. Their activity was greater at 25°C. than at 37°C. and was much enhanced by calcium ions and depressed by a calcium chelating agent. The enzyme of the variant virus was more labile to heat than that of the parent virus although their hemagglutinins were equally stable. It was estimated that the variants comprised less than 3 per cent of the original population of the Lee strain of influenza B virus particles.
COSTOVERTEBRAL DISLOCATION OF THE TWELFTH RIB
Authors: W. R. Brooksher
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Dislocation of the ribs at their vertebral articulations is a very rare injury. Textbooks refer to the condition briefly or not at all. The literature is similarly meager in references. Schertlein<sup>1</sup>says that there is but one recorded case in the German literature from 1909 to 1929 and cites Riedinger, who in 1888 compiled nine cases from the literature, of which only one could be regarded as a true luxation. Stewart and Warren<sup>2</sup>published a review of ten cases and mention two others from the literature of over 200 years, adding a case of their own. Theirs is the only article on the subject in American literature since 1896 and the latter deals with a dislocation at the sternal extremity.<sup>3</sup>Three cases have been reported since then in the German literature.<sup>4</sup> Separation or dislocation of a rib may occur at its sternal or its vertebral attachment.