tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dendritic cells overexpressing CD95 (Fas) ligand elicit vigorous allospecific T-cell responses in vivo
Authors: Sofia Buonocore, Frédéric Paulart, Alain Le Moine, Michel Braun, Isabelle Salmon, Sonja Van Meirvenne, Kris Thielemans, Michel Goldman, Véronique Flamand
Journal: Blood (2003)
Beastly Beauty Products: Exposure to Inorganic Mercury in Skin-Lightening Creams
Authors: Cynthia Washam
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants and their hydroxylated metabolites are structurally similar to thyroid hormone.A detailed study now provides one of the most insightful assessments to date of how environmentally relevant levels of PBDEs may impair brain development by interfering with thyroid hormone receptor (TR)-mediated transcription [EHP 119(2):168-175; Ibhazehiebo et al.].PBDEs were used for decades as flame retardants in a wide variety of consumer and household goods, and U.S. citizens are
Is Radical Mastectomy the Optimal Procedure for Early Breast Carcinoma?
Authors: Cushman D. Haagensen
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This question can be answered today with confidence only if four basic principles are followed in comparing case series. <h3>Precise Method of Classification.—</h3> A precise method of clinical classification must be used so that the case series being compared are truly at the same stage of advancement. We use the Columbia Clinical Classification<sup>9</sup>(Table 2) because it defines the various clinical stages of advancement of breast carcinoma more simply and precisely than any other clinical classification. In the Columbia classification, stage A is defined as follows: no grave signs of locally advanced disease, ie, edema, or ulceration of skin, or solid fixation of the tumor to the chest walls, and no clinically involved axillary nodes (other classifications refer to palpable nodes, a much less precise category). It will be noted that the size and position of the primary tumor are not factors in this classification. Stage A in the
Physicians, Medical Associations and Death Penalty
Authors: G.A. Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

Accessible online at: www.karger.com/journals/pps In the September–October issue of 2000 (Vol. 69, p. 231) this journal published an editorial asking American medical associations (and particularly the American Psychiatric Association, APA) to take action against the death penalty in the US. The President of the APA, Dr. Daniel B. Borenstein, informed us that, following the publication of the editorial, the meeting of the Board of Trustees of the APA, on October 23–24, 2000, approved a moratorium on capital punishment in the US. The actual language of what was approved is as follows: ‘Whereas the American Bar Association has concluded that the death penalty is administered in an unfair and arbitrary manner and has recommended a moratorium on executions until proper reforms are implemented, and Whereas psychiatrists, due to their involvement in and familiarity with the criminal justice system, have become increasingly aware of the weaknesses and deficiencies in the capital sentencing process including consideration in regard to the mentally ill and developmentally disabled; The American Psychiatric Association endorses the moratorium on capital punishment in the United States until jurisdiction seeking to reform the death penalty implement policies and procedures to assure that capital punishment, if used at all is administered fairly and impartially in accord with the basic requirements of due process.’ We are very pleased of this first leading step taken by the APA, which we hope will be followed by other medical associations, and of the role played by this journal.
Biological monitoring survey of organophosphorus pesticide exposure among pre-school children in the Seattle metropolitan area.
Authors: C Lu, D E Knutson, J Fisker-Andersen, R A Fenske
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In this study we assessed organophosphorus (OP) pesticide exposure among children living in two Seattle metropolitan area communities by measuring urinary metabolites, and identified possible exposure risk factors through a parental interview. We recruited children in clinic and outpatient waiting rooms. We obtained spot urine samples in the spring and fall of 1998 from 110 children ages 2-5 years, from 96 households. We analyzed urine samples for six dialkylphosphate (DAP) compounds, the common metabolites of the OP pesticides. Through parental interviews we gathered demographic and residential pesticide use data. At least one of the DAP metabolites was measured in 99% of the children, and the two predominant metabolites (DMTP and DETP) were measured in 70-75% of the children. We found no significant differences in DAP concentrations related to season, community, sex, age, family income, or housing type. Median concentrations of dimethyl and diethyl DAPs were 0.11 and 0.04 micromol/L, respectively (all children). Concentrations were significantly higher in children whose parents reported pesticide use in the garden (0.19 vs. 0.09 micromol/L for dimethyl metabolites, p = 0.05; 0.04 vs. 0.03 micromol/L for diethyl metabolites, p = 0.02), but were not different based on reported pet treatment or indoor residential use. Nearly all children in this study had measurable levels of OP pesticide metabolites. Some of this exposure was likely due to diet. Garden pesticide use was associated with elevated metabolite levels. It is unlikely that these exposure levels would cause acute intoxication, but the long-term health effects of such exposures are unknown. We recommend that OP pesticide use be avoided in areas where children are likely to play.
TOLBUTAMIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF SKIN DISEASES.
Authors: INDER SINGH, M. L. GAIND, D. JAYRAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article TOLBUTAMIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF SKIN DISEASES. Get access INDER SINGH, M.B.(Raugoon), F.R.C.P.E., F.R.F.P.S., INDER SINGH, M.B.(Raugoon), F.R.C.P.E., F.R.F.P.S. Professor of Medicine Armed Forces Medical College, Poona, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. L. GAIND, M.B.(Punjab), M. L. GAIND, M.B.(Punjab) Adviser in Dermatology Armed Forces Medical College, Poona, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. JAYRAM, M.B.(Madras) D. JAYRAM, M.B.(Madras) Specialist in Dermatology Armed Forces Medical College, Poona, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 10, 1 October 1961, Pages 362–366, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14397.x Published: 01 October 1961
Genetic information and ecosystem health: arguments for the application of chaos theory to identify boundary conditions for ecosystem management.
Authors: A M Stomp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

To meet the demands for goods and services of an exponentially growing human population, global ecosystems will come under increasing human management. The hallmark of successful ecosystem management will be long-term ecosystem stability. Ecosystems and the genetic information and processes which underlie interactions of organisms with the environment in populations and communities exhibit behaviors which have nonlinear characteristics. Nonlinear mathematical formulations describing deterministic chaos have been used successfully to model such systems in physics, chemistry, economics, physiology, and epidemiology. This approach can be extended to ecotoxicology and can be used to investigate how changes in genetic information determine the behavior of populations and communities. This article seeks to provide the arguments for such an approach and to give initial direction to the search for the boundary conditions within which lies ecosystem stability. The identification of a theoretical framework for ecotoxicology and the parameters which drive the underlying model is a critical component in the formulation of a prioritized research agenda and appropriate ecosystem management policy and regulation.
Treatment of carcinoma of the thyroid with radioiodine.
Authors: D. W. Smithers, N. Howard, N. G. Trott
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Carcinoma of the thyroid is not a common disease: Table I shows the mortality from malignant tumours of the thyroid in England and Wales to be between 300 and 400 persons per annum.A registration rate of between 1 and 2 cases per 100,000 population has been recorded in some cancer registries.TABLE I.-Malignant Tumours of Thyroid.Comparative Mortality Figures for England and Wales, 1959-61 Deaths: Annual Average over 3 Years Males Females TotalFrom malignant tumours of thyroid .
Serum Proteins in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: E. G. Rees, M. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1959)

results from premature fusion of sutures of the cranial vault.It is of most significance when it occurs during the period of rapid brain growth.Although the condition has been recognized for a considerable titne no review of an unselected series of cases has been reported.A review of 37 cases shows the condition to be relatively common in Africans; the incidence and clinical features have been discussed, and it is concluded that the disease is much less malignant than hitherto thought.Only raised intracranial pressure leading to papilloedema or other consequent symptoms is regarded as an unequivocal indication for operation, but this complication must be remembered, particularly where multiple sutures are involved.The only other indication for,operation is the correction of deformity, and this only in the first few weeks or months of life.
Primary gastroduodenal amyloidosis
Authors: T. Grape, G. Wurm Johansson, M. Eriksson, E. Toth, H. Thorlacius
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Amyloidosis is characterized by tissue deposition of insoluble fibrillar proteins in various organs [1]. In humans, more than 23 different and unrelated proteins are known to form amyloid fibrils [2]. Amyloidosis is divided into primary (i. e. idiopathic) and secondary amyloidosis (i. e. associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, and infectious and neoplastic disorders) [1]. Primary amyloidosis is extremely rare in the gastrointestinal tract. Fewer than 1 % of patients with primary amyloidosis in the gastrointestinal tract have any symptoms [3]. We report a case of primary gastroduodenal amyloidosis in which endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was instrumental in the work-up.
DEGREE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION BY CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY IMPROVES RISK STRATIFICATION AND DISCRIMINATION OF PATIENTS AT RISK FOR INCIDENT MORTALITY: RESULTS FROM 7907 PATIENTS IN THE PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER INTERNATIONAL CONFIRM STUDY
Authors: Reza Arsanjani, Troy LaBounty, Heidi Gransar, Victor Cheng, Allison Dunning, Fay Lin, Stephan Achenbach, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Matthew Budoff, Filippo Cademartiri, Tracy Callister, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Benjamin Chow, Augustin DeLago, Martin Hadamitzky, Joerg Hausleiter, Philipp Kaufmann, Gilbert Raff, Leslee Shaw, Todd Villines, Daniel Berman, James Min
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Clinical Implications of Prostaglandin and Thromboxane A<sub>2</sub>Formation
Authors: John A. Oates, Garret A. FitzGerald, Robert A. Branch, Edwin K. Jackson, Howard R. Knapp, L. Jackson Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

(Second of Two Parts)Eicosanoids in the Regulation of the Circulation and of Renal FunctionThe circulation is controlled by many distinct but interrelated regulatory mechanisms, including sympathetic tone, the renin–angiotensin axis, and the ability of the kidneys to excrete sodium. Knowledge of the role of prostaglandins has been derived from experiments that define the chemical nature of the eicosanoids released in response to a specific stimulus, that assess the effects of the addition of individual prostaglandins in a test system, or that measure the effect of blockade of prostaglandin synthesis on a response. In circumstances in which deductions are . . .
Pharmacogenetic Approach at the Serotonin Transporter Gene as a Method of Reducing the Severity of Alcohol Drinking
Authors: Bankole A. Johnson, Nassima Ait-Daoud, Chamindi Seneviratne, John D. Roache, Martin A. Javors, Xin-Qun Wang, Lei Liu, J. Kim Penberthy, Carlo C. DiClemente, Ming D. Li
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

Objective: Severe drinking can cause serious morbidity and death. Because the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is an important regulator of neuronal 5-HT function, allelic differences at that gene may modulate the severity of alcohol consumption and predict therapeutic response to the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron. Method: The authors randomized 283 alcoholics by genotype in the 5′-regulatory region of the 5-HTT gene (LL/LS/SS), with additional genotyping for another functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (T/G), rs1042173, in the 3′-untranslated region, in a double-blind controlled trial. Participants received either ondansetron (4 μg/kg twice daily) or placebo for 11 weeks, plus standardized cognitive-behavioral therapy. Results: Individuals with the LL genotype who received ondansetron had a lower mean number of drinks per drinking day (−1.62) and a higher percentage of days abstinent (11.27%) than those who received placebo. Among ondansetron recipients, the number of drinks per drinking day was lower (−1.53) and the percentage of days abstinent higher (9.73%) in LL compared with LS/SS individuals. LL individuals in the ondansetron group also had a lower number of drinks per drinking day (−1.45) and a higher percentage of days abstinent (9.65%) than all other genotype and treatment groups combined. For both number of drinks per drinking day and percentage of days abstinent, 5′-HTTLPR and rs1042173 variants interacted significantly. LL/TT individuals in the ondansetron group had a lower number of drinks per drinking day (−2.63) and a higher percentage of days abstinent (16.99%) than all other genotype and treatment groups combined. Conclusions: The authors propose a new pharmacogenetic approach using ondansetron to treat severe drinking and improve abstinence in alcoholics.
Death in Springtime
Authors: Victor S. Sloan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters2 February 1999Death in SpringtimeVictor S. Sloan, MDVictor S. Sloan, MDUniversity of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; New Brunswick, NJ 08903 (Sloan)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-3-199902020-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The accounts of the deaths of residents and students (1, 2) struck a chord. In the bleak winter of my internship, during the intensive care unit rotation, our chief resident called all of us on unit rotations into the conference room. I remember the murmurs, wondering what could be so important to pull us from the intensive care unit. The chief resident simply said “——died.” The silence that followed was oppressive.Our colleague was from a poor neighborhood in New York City. He was the first in his family to go to college, let alone medical school. ...References1. Smith L. Death in springtime. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:955. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Fitzgerald F, Murray TJ. On the death of house officers. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:949-50. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; New Brunswick, NJ 08903 (Sloan) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 February 1999Volume 130, Issue 3Page: 243KeywordsAsthmaEmotionsIntensive care units Issue Published: 2 February 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Antitrust and Professional Activities
Authors: Bernard D. Hirsh
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The existing body of antitrust law has evolved from commercial competition in the marketplace. Broad application of antitrust concepts to the professions is relatively new and can be traced in its development through a series of several landmark court decisions. The precise dimensions of professional self-regulation, however, are yet to be judicially defined. In<i>American Medical Association v United States</i>, 317 US 519 (1943), the AMA and other defendants were convicted of violating §3 of the Sherman Act by obstructing and restraining the business of a group health plan. The defendants argued that the practice of medicine is not a "trade" and that the Sherman Act therefore did not apply. The Supreme Court refrained from deciding this issue and held that "the calling" or occupation of the individual physicians charged as defendants was immaterial if the purpose and effect of their conspiracy was obstruction and restraint of the business of
Simple solutions to Strongyloides stercoralis infection
Authors: K. E. Ross, F. J. O'Donahoo, T. A. Garrard, M. J. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

In multiple sclerosis (MS), MRI is the most important paraclinical tool used to inform diagnosis and for monitoring disease evolution, either natural or modified by treatment. The increased availability of ultra-high-field magnets (7 Tesla or higher) gives rise to questions about the main benefits of and challenges for their use in patients with MS. The main advantages of ultra-high-field MRI are the improved signal-to-noise ratio, greater chemical shift dispersion, and improved contrast due to magnetic susceptibility variations, which lead to increased sensitivity to the heterogeneous pathological substrates of the disease. At present, ultra-high-field MRI is mainly used to improve our understanding of MS pathogenesis. This review discusses the main achievements that have so far come from the use of these scanners, which are: better visualisation of white matter lesions and their morphological characteristics; an improvement in the ability to visualise grey matter lesions and their exact location; the quantification of ‘novel’ metabolites which may have a role in axonal degeneration; and greater sensitivity to iron accumulation. The application of ultra-high-field systems in standard clinical practice is still some way off since their role in the diagnostic work-up of patients at presentation with clinically isolated syndromes, or in monitoring disease progression or treatment response in patients with definite MS, needs to be established. Additional challenges remain in the development of morphological, quantitative and functional imaging methods at these field strengths, techniques which may ultimately lead to novel biomarkers for monitoring disease evolution and treatment response.
'Poe-phyria,' madness, and The Fall of the House of Usher
Authors: L. S. Rickman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Many explanations for the malady that affected Roderick and Madeline Usher in Edgar Allan Poe's<i>The Fall of the House of Usher</i><sup>1</sup>have been proposed, mostly psychiatric in nature.<sup>2</sup>One explanation for their affliction that has not been entertained is porphyria. Poe described an "acute bodily illness" and a "mental disorder" with intermittent exacerbations consistent with porphyria in Roderick Usher, who suffered from a familial disorder that involved his appearance, behavior, and sensory and motor function. Most porphyrias are transmitted in an autosomal-dominant fashion. Roderick Usher, his twin sister Madeline, and other members of the Usher family were afflicted by a familial disorder—"a constitutional and a family evil." Hypertrichosis and hirsutism, seen in some of the porphyrias, are described in the physical appearance of Roderick Usher: "Hair of a more than web-like softness and tenuity... above the regions of the temple... the silken hair... to
MT1-MMP plays a critical role in hematopoiesis by regulating HIF-mediated chemokine/cytokine gene transcription within niche cells
Authors: Chiemi Nishida, Kaori Kusubata, Yoshihiko Tashiro, Ismael Gritli, Aki Sato, Makiko Ohki-Koizumi, Yohei Morita, Makoto Nagano, Takeharu Sakamoto, Naohiko Koshikawa, Takahiro Kuchimaru, Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh, Motoharu Seiki, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Beate Heissig, Koichi Hattori
Journal: Blood (2012)
Meta-Analysis: The Efficacy of Strategies To Prevent Organ Disease by Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Andre C. Kalil, Josh Levitsky, Elizabeth Lyden, Julie Stoner, Alison G. Freifeld
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), the most common opportunistic viral infection in solid organ transplant recipients, is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality.To assess the efficacy of universal prophylaxis and preemptive approaches in preventing CMV organ disease and other complications in solid organ transplant recipients.Using no language restrictions, the authors searched the following databases from their inception through May 2005: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Evidence-Based Medicine. The authors also reviewed abstracts from scientific meetings and contacted experts and pharmaceutical companies.Randomized, controlled trials that evaluated antiviral strategies for preventing CMV and associated complications in solid organ transplant recipients were selected.Two reviewers independently extracted and assessed the data.The authors found 17 trials involving 1980 patients. Compared with placebo or no therapy, both universal prophylaxis (odds ratio [OR], 0.20 [95% CI, 0.13 to 0.31]) and preemptive strategies (OR, 0.28 [CI, 0.11 to 0.69]) reduced CMV organ disease. However, only universal prophylaxis seemingly reduced CMV organ disease in subgroups of patients at highest risk (donors with positive CMV serostatus and recipients with negative CMV serostatus and induction with antibodies). Both strategies reduced the rate of allograft rejection. Only universal prophylaxis statistically significantly reduced bacterial and fungal infections (OR, 0.49 [CI, 0.36 to 0.67]) and death (OR, 0.62 [CI, 0.40 to 0.96]). Both acyclovir and ganciclovir statistically significantly prevented CMV organ disease in the universal prophylaxis trials.Studies were of modest size, and few studies assessed all outcomes. Studies did not always provide data that discriminated between CMV organ disease and CMV syndrome or data about the timing of CMV organ disease.Universal prophylaxis and preemptive strategies are beneficial in preventing CMV organ disease in solid organ transplant recipients. Both strategies are associated with a reduction in allograft rejection, but current data suggest that only universal prophylaxis reduces bacterial and fungal infections and death. Acyclovir and ganciclovir are both effective for universal prophylaxis.
Reflections on Muscle
Authors: Lincoln E. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book is an expanded and annotated publication of the Sherrington Lectures delivered by Sir Andrew Huxley in 1977. While it is specifically about muscle, Huxley uses the topic to illustrate some general principles of scientific discovery and occasionally draws on other areas of science to illustrate these broader principles. Although there is sufficient detail and speculation to interest the practicing muscle physiologist, the book, like the lectures, is directed at a general scientific audience. The author has had a central role in elucidating the mechanisms of muscle contraction. In this book, he explains his theories and experiments that have led to our present understanding. At the same time, he presents the work of other investigators who have contributed to the development of his own ideas, and devotes substantial space to describing the weaknesses in his theories and to reviewing alternative hypotheses. The explanations are sufficiently lucid that the book