tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Controlled Study of Once-Daily LY2605541, a Novel Long-Acting Basal Insulin, Versus Insulin Glargine in Basal Insulin–Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Richard M. Bergenstal, Julio Rosenstock, Richard F. Arakaki, Melvin J. Prince, Yongming Qu, Vikram P. Sinha, Daniel C. Howey, Scott J. Jacober
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether LY2605541 results in lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) versus insulin glargine (GL). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This 12-week, randomized, open-label, Phase 2 study enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes (hemoglobin A1c [A1C] ≤ 10.5%), taking metformin and/or sulfonylurea with GL or NPH insulin once daily. Patients converted to morning insulin administration during lead-in were randomized 2:1 from GL (n = 248) or NPH insulin (n = 39) to LY2605541 (n = 195) or GL (n = 95) once daily in the morning. RESULTS At 12 weeks, FBG (mean ± SE) was similar with LY2605541 and GL (118.2 ± 2.0 mg/dL [6.6 ± 0.1 mmol/L] vs. 116.9 ± 2.7 mg/dL [6.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L], P = 0.433) as was A1C (7.0 ± 0.1 vs. 7.2 ± 0.1%, P = 0.279). Intraday blood glucose variability was reduced with LY2605541 (34.4 vs. 39.1 mg/dL [1.9 vs. 2.2 mmol/L], P = 0.031). LY2605541 patients had weight loss (−0.6 ± 0.2 kg, P = 0.007), whereas GL patients gained weight (0.3 ± 0.2 kg, P = 0.662; treatment difference: −0.8 kg, P = 0.001). The incidence and rate of both total hypoglycemia and nocturnal hypoglycemia were comparable between LY2605541 and GL, although, LY2605541 had a 48% reduction in nocturnal hypoglycemia after adjusting for baseline hypoglycemia (P = 0.021). Adverse events were similar across treatments. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase remained within normal range but were significantly higher with LY2605541 (P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes, LY2605541 and GL had comparable glucose control and total hypoglycemia rates, but LY2605541 showed reduced intraday variability, lower nocturnal hypoglycemia, and weight loss relative to GL.
Tc-99m MDP Uptake in a Cerebral Infarct
Authors: ROBIN D. LOW, RODNEY J. HICKS, GARY GILL, L. BARRY ARKLES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 74-year-old man presented with a right cerebrovascular accident. A noncontrast head CT scan on the day of admission revealed no abnormality. Bone scintigraphy was carried out to investigate suspected carcinoma of the prostate. This showed Tc-99m MDP uptake in the temporoparietal region of the right cerebral hemisphere consistent with a cerebral infarct. Repeat CT with contrast performed 5 days after the bone scan revealed evidence of the cerebral infarct. This case highlights the relative insensitivity of noncontrast CT in detecting cerebral infarction soon after the event and its serendipitous detection on Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy.
Biliary aminopeptidase-N and the cholesterol crystallisation defect in cholelithiasis.
Authors: L Nunez, L Amigo, G Mingrone, A Rigotti, L Puglielli, A Raddatz, F Pimentel, A V Greco, S Gonzalez, J Garrido
Journal: Gut (1995)

Several biliary proteins have cholesterol crystallisation promoting activity. One of these glycoproteins is aminopeptidase-N, a canalicular ectoenzyme. This study attempted to localise aminopeptidase-N along the biliary tree, to assess its concentration in a series of 98 patients subjected to abdominal surgery, 40 of them without gall stones, and to correlate its concentration with cholesterol crystal formation time of gall bladder bile. Aminopeptidase-N was isolated from purified native biliary vesicles. A specific polyclonal rabbit anti-aminopeptidase-N antibody was prepared for quantitative immunoblotting and for immunolocalisation. Tissue was obtained from liver biopsy specimens and from gall bladders removed at surgery because of gall stone disease. Aminopeptidase-N was immunolocalised to the apical membranes of hepatocytes and to the apical pole of ductular and gall bladder mucosal cells. The nucleation time of gall bladder bile was mean (SD) 4 (3) days in the gall stone group, compared with 21 (18) days in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). Total absolute biliary protein and aminopeptidase-N concentrations were similar in both the control and gall stone patients. There was a reciprocal significant correlation, however, between the nucleation time and the relative aminopeptidase-N concentration (r = -0.35, p &lt; 0.01) only in the gall stone group of patients. This study shows that this apical transmembrane ectoenzyme with cholesterol crystallisation promoting activity is present along the biliary tree and the hepatocyte. These findings support the concept that high concentrations or qualitative changes of biliary aminopeptidase-N contribute to cholesterol gall stone formation.
Childbirth, American Style
Authors: George M. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In June 1971, the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association adopted a statement on "Centralized Community or Regionalized Perinatal Intensive Care." This statement was the product of two years of study and discussion by the Committee on Maternal and Child Care. Its recommendations may be summarized as follows: "Concentration of high-risk infant care programs in hospitals specially staffed and equipped to provide optimal care is a proven life-saving mechanism for infants at risk." Every community should direct attention "to the development and operation of such centralized special care facilities." Goals should include early identification of highrisk infants, transfer of an infant to a more appropriately equipped facility when indicated, and planning for an adequate transport system. The implementation of "regionalized perinatal programs is a responsibility of physicians, government and the public" and inclusion of training programs for the necessary medical and allied personnel is encouraged.
TNF blockade impairs T cell dependent humoural responses
Authors: G F Salinas, L D. Rycke, T Cantaert, M van de Burg, B Barendregt, P Remans, P P. Tak, D Baeten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Objective Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) blockade in spondyloarthritis (SpA) induces antibodies specifi c for double stranded DNA, which is a T cell independent (TI) antigen.As these antibodies were restricted to the IgM isotype and no antibodies to T cell dependent (TD) antigens were induced, we investigated here if TNF blockade impairs the induction and maturation of TD humoural responses.Methods 30 SpA patients (20 treated with TNFα blockade, 10 untreated controls) were vaccinated with a TD vaccine to hepatitis B and a TI vaccine to S pneumoniae.Another 10 SpA patients treated with infl iximab were vaccinated with a TD vaccine to S pneumoniae.Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected before and after vaccination.Vaccine-specifi c antibody titres were measured by ELISA.B and T cell populations were evaluated by fl ow cytometry.Somatic hypermutation was determined by the Igκ REHMA assay (Andersen, Blood 2005).Results IgM and IgG responses against TI antigens were moderately decreased in anti-TNFα treated patients compared to controls but were still robust.In contrast, IgG responses against TD antigens were almost completely absent in treated patients.The greater suppression of TD versus TI responses by TNFα blockade was confi rmed by lower IgG titres with TD versus TI vaccines against anti-S pneumoniae.Phenotypic
A COMPARISON OF THE METABOLIC AND CIRCULATORY EFFECTS OF EPINEPHRINE, NOR-EPINEPHRINE AND INSULIN HYPOGLYCEMIA WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF AUTONOMIC BLOCKING AGENTS 1
Authors: R. J. DiSalvo, Walter L. Bloom, Albert A. Brust, Robert W. Ferguson, Eugene B. Ferris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

Interest in adrenal medullary function has been revived in recent years by the demonstration that the adrenal medulla produces two hormones, epi- nephrine and nor-epinephrine.Nor-epinephrine, which is also produced by adrenergic nerves (1), differs in its chemical structure from epinephrine by the absence of an N-methyl group, and is the probable precursor of epinephrine.The observation by Goldenberg, Faber, Alston, and Chargaff (2) that adrenal medullary extract from cattle (natural epinephrine, U.S.P.) contained up to 18 per cent nor-epinephrine was confirmed by Tullar (3) and Auerbach and Angell (4).Subsequently, nor-epinephrine was found in varying proportions in the adrenal medullary extracts of several mammalian species, including man, and it has been shown that the majority of pheochromocytomas contain larger amounts of nor-epinephrine than of epinephrine (5).Although the cardiovascular effects of these hormones in man have been well established (6), there are few studies concerning their comparative metabolic effects.It is highly probable that in many of the early studies of the circulatory and metabolic effects of epinephrine, mixtures which contained varying proportions of nor-epinephrine were used, since it was demonstrated in 1948 that adrenal medullary extract from cattle produced a rise in blood sugar in the rabbit comparable to that obtained with a mixture of 75 per cent epinephrine and 25 per cent nor-epinephrine, rather than that obtained with pure epinephrine (7).The similarity of the responses which occur during insulin hypoglycemia to those produced
The hippocampus as an associator of discontiguous events
Authors: Gene V. Wallenstein, Michael E. Hasselmo, Howard Eichenbaum
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (1998)

The hippocampus has long been thought to be an important cortical region for associative learning and memory. After several decades of experimental and theoretical studies, a picture is emerging slowly of the generic types of learning tasks that this neural structure might be essential for solving. Recently, there have been attempts to unify electrophysiological and behavioral observations from rodents performing spatial learning tasks with data from primates performing various tests of conditional and discrimination learning. Most of these theoretical frameworks have rested primarily on behavioral observations. Complementing these perspectives, we ask the question: given certain physiological constraints at the neuronal and cortical level, what class of learning problems is the hippocampus, in particular, most suited to solve? From a computational point of view, we argue that this structure is involved most critically in learning and memory tasks in which discontiguous items must be associated, in terms of their temporal or spatial positioning, or both.
HODGKIN'S DISEASE OF THE HEART AND PERICARDIUM
Authors: Curtis F. Garvin
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Murchison<sup>1</sup>was the first to describe involvement of the heart in Hodgkin's disease. The condition is rare, as indicated by recent reviews of the literature.<sup>2</sup> This communication reports a case of Hodgkin's disease in which the appearance of symptoms of myocardial insufficiency led to a clinical diagnosis of cardiac involvement. The administration of high voltage roentgen therapy seemed to cause temporary improvement. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> B. U., a white woman aged 27, entered the Cleveland City Hospital on Dec. 21, 1929. She had had enlarged cervical lymph nodes for one month. A biopsy revealed Hodgkin's disease. During the following years high voltage roentgen therapy was administered periodically to the neck, axillas, groins and trunk for involvement of the lymph nodes in these regions. In 1935 she was in good enough health to have an operation for appendicitis and three months later one for chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. In
Economic evaluation of arthritis self management in primary care
Authors: A. Patel, M. Buszewicz, J. Beecham, M. Griffin, G. Rait, I. Nazareth, A. Atkinson, J. Barlow, A. Haines
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the cost effectiveness of a self management programme plus education booklet for arthritis in primary care. <b>Design</b> Cost effectiveness and cost utility analysis from health and social care and societal perspectives alongside a randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> 74 general practices in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 812 patients aged 50 or more with osteoarthritis of the hips or knees, or both, and pain or disability, or both. <b>Interventions</b> Randomisation to either six sessions of an arthritis self management programme plus an education booklet (intervention group) or the education booklet alone (standard care control group). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Total health and social care costs and total societal costs at 12 months; cost effectiveness (incremental cost effectiveness ratios and cost effectiveness acceptability curves) on basis of quality of life (SF-36, primary outcome measure), EuroQol visual analogue scale, and quality adjusted life years (QALYs). <b>Results</b> At 12 months health and social care costs in the intervention group were £101 higher (95% confidence interval £3 to £176) than those in the control group because the additional costs of the arthritis self management programme did not seem to be fully offset by savings elsewhere. There were no significant differences in societal costs (which were up to 13 times the size of health and social care costs) or any of the outcomes. From the health and social care perspective the intervention was dominated by the control on the basis of QALYs (which were non-significantly lower in the intervention group) and had incremental cost effectiveness ratios between £279 and £13 473 for the other outcomes. From the societal perspective the intervention seemed superior to the control owing to non-significantly lower costs and non-significantly better outcomes on all measures except QALYs. Probabilities of the arthritis self management programme’s cost effectiveness ranged between 12% and 97% (for thresholds ranging £0 to £1000) based on one point improvements in SF-36 outcomes, but the clinical significance of this is debatable. Probabilities of cost effectiveness on the basis of the visual analogue scale and QALYs were low. <b>Conclusions</b> Cost effectiveness of an arthritis self management programme is not suggested on the basis of current National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence cost perspectives and QALY thresholds. The probability of cost effectiveness is greater when broader costs and other quality of life outcomes are considered. These results suggest that the cost effectiveness of the Department of Health’s expert patients programme cannot be assumed across all clinical conditions and that further rigorous evaluations for other conditions may be needed. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN79115352.
Glial Cell Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor Delays Photoreceptor Degeneration in a Transgenic Rat Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Laura H.McGee Sanftner, Hilla Abel, William W. Hauswirth, John G. Flannery
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

We designed experiments to evaluate the therapeutic potential of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to rescue photoreceptors from genetically determined cell death. Gene transfer of the neurotrophic factor to the retina was achieved via a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector containing the chicken beta-actin promoter/immediate early cytomegalovirus enhancer (CBA) driving the human GDNF gene. We delivered AAV-CBA-GDNF to the retinas of an animal model of retinitis pigmentosa, the TgN S334ter-4 rhodopsin line of transgenic rats. Immunohistochemical studies localized AAV-CBA-GDNF-derived recombinant protein to cell bodies, inner segments, and outer segments of photoreceptor cells as well as to retinal pigment epithelial cells. We assessed the effect of viral delivery by morphometric and electroretinographic analysis. These experiments showed that GDNF vector treatment leads to increased rod photoreceptor survival as indicated by morphometric analysis of outer nuclear layer thickness. AAV-CBA-GDNF-treated retinas also demonstrated functional improvement by the substantially increased amplitude of electroretinograms. AAV-CBA-GDNF delivery had a significant rescue effect on photoreceptor degeneration in this animal model.
Abstract 2844: ATATESTM activated the same patient's immune system to eliminate hundreds of melanoma tumors for cure of cancer.
Authors: Yong Qian
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract A 26 year old male melanoma cancer patient had over 1000 solid tumors originated from a laser treatment of a mold on his back. Mutated cancer cells metastasized to his lymph nodes first then spread to the skin all around the body. He had symptoms of vomitting, poor apetide, loosing weight and lack of strength for several months before seeking BioMedicure's help. ATATESTMproducts, with antigenic material information from millions of tumor cells preserving in spheres, were made out of his melanoma tumors for immunotherapy over one month. His symptoms have been reversed after a couple of months’ ATATESTM immunotherapy. Over 95% of his melanoma tumors have been under control and disappearing over time. Multiple death pathways elicited by ATATESTM have been observed and investigated. The detailed mechanisms of action for ATATESTM will be presented. Citation Format: Yong Qian. ATATESTM activated the same patient's immune system to eliminate hundreds of melanoma tumors for cure of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2844. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2844 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
First-Line Gefitinib in Patients Aged 75 or Older With Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations: NEJ 003 Study
Authors: Makoto Maemondo, Yuji Minegishi, Akira Inoue, Kunihiko Kobayashi, Masao Harada, Shoji Okinaga, Naoto Morikawa, Satoshi Oizumi, Tomoaki Tanaka, Hiroshi Isobe, Shoji Kudoh, Koichi Hagiwara, Toshihiro Nukiwa, Akihiko Gemmah
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Salivary Gland Cancer and Breast Cancer
Authors: Susan J. Standfast
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  This letter concerns your recent article by Berg et al,  Unique Association Between Salivary Gland  and Breast Cancer ( 204 :771, 1968). The authors found an eightfold increase in breast cancer incidence for patients in their study who were being observed for cancer of the major salivary glands. They suggest correctly that this association indicates the possibility of common causal factors, but they do not speculate on what such factors might be.  I would like to hypothesize that the common factor in this series is irradiation therapy. The authors mention that irradiation appears to be the cause of the excess skin cancers observed. In light of MacKenzie's 1 findings of an increased incidence of breast cancer in patients who had had multiple fluoroscopic examinations of the chest, it seems worthwhile to inquire about previous radiation therapy of patients with salivary gland and breast cancer in this
ANEURYSM OF THE AXILLARY ARTERY
Authors: J. S. Horsley
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Aneurysms of neither traumatic nor syphilitic origin are unusual. The case here reported is an aneurysm originating from an infected embolus. Reports of such cases are seldom encountered in current medical literature. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Miss B. W., aged 23, entered St. Elizabeth's Hospital, March 25, 1924, complaining of a "tumor under the right arm." Her family history and past history were irrelevant. Seven weeks before admission to the hospital, an aching pain began in the right arm. A few days later, the fingers began to feel numb. The numbness gradually spread up the arm. Accompanying this was a paralysis of the fingers of the right hand, and a weakness of the entire right forearm and arm. Four weeks previous to admission, the patient's mother first noticed a round tumor in the right axilla. This mass was about the size of a hickory nut, and was tender on pressure. It
Long-term Follow-up of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas With Ultrasonography
Authors: Taketo Yamaguchi, Takeshi Baba, Takeshi Ishihara, Akitoshi Kobayashi, Kazuyoshi Nakamura, Hiroshi Tadenuma, Hiroshi Ito, Masaru Miyazaki, Hiromitsu Saisho
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
An Improved Method of Digoxin Therapy
Authors: ROGER W. JELLIFFE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

An improved method of oral digoxin therapy is discussed for euthyroid patients with normal electrolytes and gastrointestinal absorption, whose renal function may be normal, impaired, or rapidly changing. This method aims toward a loading dose of 0.75 to 1.5 mg of digoxin in three divided doses approximately 5 hr apart. The proper daily maintenance dose is a percentage of the loading dose given, depending upon renal function, and can be found from graphs presented. For 95% of patients, these selected maintenance doses should sustain total body digoxin stores within 75% to 151% of the selected value (normal renal function) or within 71% to 169% of the selected value (anuria). Caution is urged when raising total body digoxin stores above 1.7 mg in average size adults, although this is often required to control ventricular rate in patients with atrial arrhythmas.
Nonheparin Anticoagulants for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: John G. Kelton, Donald M. Arnold, Shannon M. Bates
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia develops in a 57-year-old man who underwent knee-replacement surgery 7 days previously. Several agents are in clinical use for this condition, including parenteral direct thrombin inhibitors and parenteral factor Xa inhibitors.
GLEANINGS FROM FOUR YEARS' EXPERIENCE IN THE CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND RADIO-DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS.
Authors: C. M. COOPER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

During the past four years I have consistently employed as a diagnostic aid the<i>x</i>-ray in the field of internal medicine, and this in hospital, private and consultation work. The method followed was routined, thus: A thorough clinical examination was first made and a tentative diagnosis formed, then a radiogram was taken and, if necessary, the fluoroscope used; if the clinical and radiographic evidences did not tally, the patients were re-examined, special attention being directed to the discrepancy. Thus the clinical and radiographic pictures were finally correlated and the previous errors noted. It frequently happened that many clinicians had the opportunity of seeing the same patient and of forming tentative opinions: internes, those seeking postgraduate instruction, general practitioners and hospital physicians. In such event the varied errors were recorded. The first year's work served to develop sufficient skill in the use of the x-ray to make it of service