Abstract 906: <i>Gas1</i> and <i>Kif27</i> genes are strongly up-regulated biomarkers of Hedgehog inhibition (PF-04449913) on leukemia stem cells in Phase I Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia treated patients
Authors: Viviana Guadagnuolo, Cristina Papayannidis, Ilaria Iacobucci, Sandra Durante, Carolina Terragna, Emanuela Ottaviani, Maria Chiara Abbenante, Federica Cattina, Simona Soverini, Barbara Lama, Lucia Toni, Wendy Levin, Rachel Courtney, Carmen Baldazzi, Antonio Curti, Michele Baccarani, Catriona Jamieson, Jorge Cortes, Vivian Oehler, Karen McLachlan, Todd VanArsdale, Giovanni Martinelli
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activation contributes to leukemia development and growth, and that targeted pathway inhibition is likely to offer an efficient therapeutic opportunity. PF-04449913, a Hh pathway inhibitor, is a new selective and potent inhibitor of leukemia self-renewal and is currently being evaluated in phase I clinical trials. In order to identify new potential clinical biomarkers for the PF-04449913, we studied CD34+ leukemia stem cell population (LSC) collected before and after 28 days treatment in a phase I dose escalation protocol (Clinical Trial Gov. NTC00953758) enrolling selected hematological malignancies. This experimental clinical trial enrolled Myelofibrosis (MF), MDS, blastic phases CML, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and AML patients (pts). We were able to collect and separate highly purified (98%) bone marrow CD34+ cells from 5 AML, 1 MF and 2 CML pts by immunomagnetic separation, and analysed them for gene expression profile using Affimetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 platform. 1197 genes were differentially expressed between CD34+ cells collected before and after 28 days of PF-04449913 dose finding oral therapy. Clustering of their expression profiles showed that mostly genes differentially expressed are mainly related to Hh signaling, this providing further evidences that PF-04449913 really therapeutically targets the Hh pathway. Regarding genes involved in Hh signaling pathway, Gas1 and Kif27 were strongly upregulated (fold change 1.0947 and 1.12757 respectively; p-value 0.01 and 0.02 respectively) in CD34+ LSC after 28 days exposure to PF-04449913 as compared to baseline, suggesting these two genes have potential as new biomarkers of activity. GAS-1 is a Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-binding protein; it acts to sequester Shh and inhibit the Shh signalling pathway. Kif27 mainly acts as a negative regulator in the Hh signaling pathway, and inhibits the transcriptional activator activity of Gli1 by inhibiting its nuclear translocation. Other genes were differentially expressed after ‘ex- vivo’ treatment with PF-04449913 as compared to baseline: we observed a down regulation of Bcl2 (fold change -1.03004), ABCA2 (fold change -1.08966), LEF1 (fold change -1.28457), Gli1 (fold change -1.0775), Smo (fold change -1.07702), and an upregulation of Gli2 (fold change 1.08191). Conclusions: This data demonstrates that PF-04449913 specifically targets the Hh Pathway in CD34+ cells, suggesting that Hh inhibition may impair leukemia stem cell maintenance. In addition, we identify several new potential biomarkers (e.g. Gas1 and KIF27). Taken together, these data may be useful for pts selection strategies and subsequent eradication of the LSC. Acknowledgments: Work supported by Pfizer, European LeukemiaNet, FIRB 2006, AIRC, AIL, COFIN, University of Bologna and BolognAIL. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 906. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-906