tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterization of neointima lesions associated with arteriovenous fistulas in a mouse model
Authors: Y. Castier, S. Lehoux, Y. Hu, G. Fonteinos, A. Tedgui, Q. Xu
Journal: Kidney International (2006)

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are usually used for vascular access in the provision of hemodialysis, but AVFs have a 1-year patency rate of only about 60% owing to stenosis. As the molecular mechanisms behind AVF neointimal hyperplasia remain largely unknown, representative models in transgenic mice could be useful to study this process at the genetic level. Hence, we characterized neointimal lesion formation in a model of AVF recently developed in the mouse, where the common carotid artery was end-to-side sutured to jugular vein in C57BL/6J mice. At the site of anastomosis, arterial wall thickening was observed as early as 1 week after surgery (fourfold) and progressed to six- and 10-fold original thickness in carotid arteries after 2 and 3 weeks, respectively. The lumen of the carotid artery was significantly narrowed owing to neointima hyperplasia, and thrombosis was observed in the vein wall opposite to the anastomosed artery. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that 3-week neointimal lesions consisted of abundant smooth muscle cells (alpha-actin(+)) and a small number of membrane attack complex-1+ macrophages. Furthermore, using chimeric mice receiving bone marrow from transgenic mice expressing the LacZ gene in smooth muscle (SM-LacZ), it was found that bone marrow stem cells did not contribute to smooth muscle cell accumulation in neointimal lesions of AVF arteries. Thus, this model, which reproduces many of the features of human AVF, should prove useful for our understanding of the mechanism of neointimal formation and to evaluate the effects of drugs and gene therapy on this disease.
Cyclooxygenase-derived products modulate the increased intrahepatic resistance of cirrhotic rat livers
Authors: Mariona Graupera, Joan-Carles García-Pagán, Juan G. Abraldes, Carmen Peralta, Mireia Bragulat, Helena Corominola, Jaume Bosch, Juan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

In cirrhotic livers, increased resistance to portal flow, in part due to an exaggerated response to vasoconstrictors, is the primary factor in the pathophysiology of portal hypertension. Our aim was to evaluate the response of the intrahepatic circulation of cirrhotic rat livers to the α 1 -adrenergic vasoconstrictor methoxamine and the mechanisms involved in its regulation. A portal perfusion pressure dose-response curve to methoxamine was performed in control and cirrhotic rat livers preincubated with vehicle, the nitric oxide synthase blocker NG -nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA), indomethacin cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, l-NNA + indomethacin, or the thromboxane (TX) A 2 receptor blocker SQ 29,548. TXA 2 production, COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA expression, and immunostaining for TXA 2 synthase were evaluated. Cirrhotic livers exhibited a hyperresponse to methoxamine associated with overexpression of COX-2 and TXA 2 synthase as well as with increased production of TXA 2 . The hyperresponse to methoxamine of cirrhotic livers disappeared by COX inhibition with indomethacin but not after NO inhibition. SQ 29,548 also corrected the hyperresponse of cirrhotic livers to methoxamine. In conclusion, COX-derived prostanoids, mainly TXA 2 , play a major role in regulating the response of cirrhotic livers to methoxamine.
407 IL-12 gene polymorphism and outcome of HCV infection
Authors: A HOULDSWORTH, M METZNER, S ROSSOL, E KAMINSKI, A DEMAINE, M CRAMP
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

TALEs targeting a promoter sequence and fused with a transcription activation domain (TAD) may be used to specifically induce the expression of a gene as a potential treatment for haploinsufficiency. This potential therapeutic approach was applied to increase the expression of frataxin in fibroblasts of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) patients. FRDA fibroblast cells were nucleofected with a pCR3.1 expression vector coding for TALEFrat#8 fused with VP64. A twofold increase of the frataxin mRNA (detected by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR)) associated with a similar increase of the mature form of the frataxin protein was observed. The frataxin mRNA and protein were also increased by this TALE in the fibroblasts of the YG8R mouse model. The addition of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) or of valproic acid (VPA) to the TALE treatment did not produce significant improvement. Other TADs (i.e., p65, TFAP2α, SRF, SP1, and MyoD) fused with the TALEFrat#8 gene did not produce a significant increase in the frataxin protein. Thus the TALEFrat#8-VP64 recombinant protein targeting the frataxin promoter could eventually be used to increase the frataxin expression and alleviate the FRDA symptoms.
AB0712 Long-term safety and immunogenicity of the pandemic unadjuvanted influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in primary sjÖgren’s syndrome
Authors: S.G. Pasoto, A.C. Ribeiro, V.S. Viana, J.A. Barbosa, C. Bueno, M. Levy Neto, E. Bonfa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Despite WHO recommendations about the A/California/7/2009/H1N1-like virus vaccination, there are no studies evaluating its possible influence on clinical manifestations and autoantibody profile in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate short/long-term safety and influence of influenza A/California/7/2009/H1N1-like virus vaccination on clinical manifestations and autoantibody profile in pSS. <h3>Methods</h3> Thirty-six pSS patients and 36 gender/age-matched healthy controls were evaluated before and 21-days after vaccination with unadjuvanted influenza A/H1N1-like virus regarding seroprotection/seroconversion, factor increase in geometric mean titre (FI-GMT) and side effects. New onset of parotiditis, arthritis, vasculitis, pneumonitis or neurological disorders and autoantibody profile (ANA, RF, anti-dsDNA, Ro/SS-A/La/SS-B, alpha-fodrin, CCP, RNP/Sm, anticardiolipin) were assessed before, 21-days and 1-year of vaccination. <h3>Results</h3> Patients and controls had similar rates of seroconversion (78 vs. 69%, p=0.42), seroprotection (83 vs. 72%, p=0.26) and FI-GMT (p=0.85). Disease duration, glucocorticoid (mean dose&lt;10mg/day), methotrexate or azathioprine did not affect seroconversion (p&gt;0.05). Interestingly, ANA positivity was more frequent in patients with seroconversion (100 vs. 71%, p=0.042). Regarding short-term side effects, only mild reactions were observed in comparable rates to controls (p&gt;0.05). In the 1-year follow-up, the rate of new disease flares was similar to the previous year (11 vs.19%, p=0.51). Twenty-one days after vaccination, no change in the frequency or levels of autoantibodies was observed (p&gt;0.05). Conversely, after 1-year, five patients developed positivity to anti-Ro/SS-A/La/SS-B, alpha-fodrin, CCP and/or IgM anticardiolipin. Of note, increase in titers only of anti-Ro and anti-La (p&lt;0.001) was detected after 1-year. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the first study to indicate appropriate influenza A/H1N1 vaccine safety and immunogenicity in pSS, reinforcing its recommendation. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate the clinical significance of long-term changes in autoantibody profile. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> S. Pasoto: None Declared, A. Ribeiro: None Declared, V. Viana: None Declared, J. Barbosa: None Declared, C. Bueno: None Declared, M. Levy Neto: None Declared, E. Bonfa Grant/Research support from: FAPESP grant: 2010/10749-0
Finger-tip Necrosis in the Newly Born: A Hazard of Wearing Mittens
Authors: T. P. Mann
Journal: BMJ (1961)

A one of seven had an antitoxin titre of 0.1 unit or more per ml.before the tablets were given, and six of seven had 0.1 unit or more after the tablets were given.In group B 2 of 15 had 0.1 unit or more of antitoxin per ml.before the tablets were given and 11 of 15 had 0.1 unit or more per ml.after the tablets were given.In the two groups together, titres of 0.1 unit per ml.or more were observed in 3 of 22 sera before the tablets were given and in 17 of 22 afterwards.In the group with a negative or indefinite history of TABLE III.-Antitoxin Titres in Persons with No* Previous History of Immunization <000>0.0<01<00 0-1<1 _> 1.
Differences between platelet phosphoinositide metabolism stimulated by thrombin or SFLLRN are not accounted for by interaction of thrombin with glycoprotein Ib
Authors: John D. Vickers, Marian A. Packham, Raelene L. Kinlough-Rathbone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

The formation of inositol phosphates was compared in aspirin-treated, washed human platelets suspended in Tyrode's-albumin solution containing 2 mM calcium and stimulated with SFLLRN (thrombin receptor-activating peptide) or thrombin. SFLLRN (20 microM) and thrombin (1 U/ml) resulted in maximal irreversible aggregation and 80-90% secretion of dense granule contents. SFLLRN (50-100 microM) caused larger increases at 10 sec than 20 microM SFLLRN in the formation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3, measured as [3H]inositol label). These increases were not significantly less than those caused by thrombin (1 unit/ml). However, whereas the labeling of IP3 increased from 10-60 sec with thrombin, with SFLLRN it was much less at 60 sec than that at 10 sec. The decrease was not due to degradation of SFLLRN by ectopeptidases, since it was not prevented by amastatin, an inhibitor of ectopeptidases. Degradation of glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) with an O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase did not affect the thrombin-stimulated labeling of inositol phosphates, indicating that binding to GPIb is not involved in the sustained thrombin-induced formation of inositol phosphates. The finding that the thrombin-stimulated formation of IP3 was not dependent on Ca2+ in the medium (EGTA added) indicates that the transient SFLLRN-induced formation of IP3 is not due to failure to cause Ca2+ influx. The finding that formation of IP3 was transient in SFLLRN-stimulated platelets, whereas platelet aggregation and secretion were maximal, indicates that the sustained activation of phospholipase C caused by thrombin may have roles related to later processes in which platelets participate.
Elderly Africans have AIDS too
Authors: N. Awofeso, A. Rammohan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Kautz and colleagues’ study did not adequately account for the impact of the prevalence of HIV on elderly Africans or the role of neighbourhood effects in increasing the risk of HIV among Africa’s elderly people.1 Many patients who were infected with HIV as youths now live into their 50s, 60s, and longer, …
Neuropsychiatric Assessment of Orphans in One Romanian Orphanage for 'Unsalvageables'
Authors: David R. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HIV/AIDS treatment must become cheaper, says Bill Gates
Authors: R. Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Efforts to prevent and treat the global HIV/AIDS epidemic need to give better value for money, said Bill Gates yesterday on behalf of his philanthropic foundation. “We need to apply new innovations to get even more out of every dollar of funding that is available,” he said. 

Much progress has been made to bring down the cost of drugs, acknowledged Mr Gates. But the costs of testing, administration, and personnel in AIDS programmes must be reduced “to maximise the value of every dollar,” he said, to give more people access …
A MODIFICATION OF THE KROGH CARBON MONOXIDE BREATH HOLDING TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING THE DIFFUSING CAPACITY OF THE LUNG; A COMPARISON WITH THREE OTHER METHODS 1
Authors: R. E. Forster, J. E. Cohn, W. A. Briscoe, W. S. Blakemore, R. L. Riley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

There are at present four methods for assessing the pulmonary diffusing capacity (D), one using 02 (Do2) and three using CO (Dco) namely, the 02 method of Lilienthal, Riley, Proemmel, and Franke (1), the steady state CO method of Filley, MacIntosh, and Wright (2) and the CO breath holding technique of Krogh and Krogh (3, 4) as modified by some of the authors (5), all of which provide estimates of the pulmonary diffusing ca- pacity, and finally the fractional CO uptake of Bates (6) which gives an index of pulmonary diffusing capacity.This is a report of a coopera- tive research effort to compare these methods as nearly simultaneously as possible on six patients and one normal subject.Measurements were made over the extremes of pulmonary diffusing capacity, from a patient with a severely decreased pulmonary diffusing capacity at rest (Subject 5) to a normal subject during exercise (Subject 1). METHODS A. Steady state DO, methodThis method requires the simultaneous sampling of expired gas and arterial blood with the subject breathing first air and then a low concentration of 0,.Analysis of the alveolar-arterial Po% gradient under these two con- ditions makes possible the estimation of the mean alveolar-capillary Po% difference, which is divided into the 02 uptake to give Do,.
Effect of collateral flow on epicardial and endocardial lysosomal hydrolases in acute myocardial ischemia.
Authors: M G Gottwik, E S Kirk, S Hoffstein, W B Weglicki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Early changes in lysosomal enzymes must occur if their role is significant in irreversible myocardial injury. Therefore, we ligated the anterior descending coronary artery in 14 dogs and after 60 min excised epicardial and endocardial samples from the ischemic and adjacent normal heart. The collateral flow measured with radioactive microspheres in the endocardial samples averaged 19% of control. The muscle was disrupted and fractionated by ultracentrifugation into nuclear pellet (NP), heavy lysosomal pellet (HL), light lysosomal pellet (LL), microsomal pellet (M) and supernate (S). Electron microscopy demonstrated changes characteristic of sichemia in whole tissues and sedimented fractions. Acid phosphatase reaction product was present in residual bodies in the HL fraction and membrane-bound vesicles in the LL fraction and in the intact tissue. Significant decreases in the specific activity of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase occurred in the endocardial LL fraction, while significant increases in both were found in the ts fraction (P less than 0.05). Losses of acid phosphatase occurred in both LL and S fractions. Moreover, decreases of total N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in the HL fraction and of total beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase in the LL fraction were positively correlated (P less than 0.01) with the degree of ischemia measured with radioactive microspheres. Only insignificant enzymatic changes were found when the collateral flow was greater than 40%, and the differences were less significant in epicardial samples where the flow averaged 29%. The early loss of enzymes from the lysosomal fractions in severe ischemia suggests a role for lysosomal hydrolases in the necrosis that follows coronary occlusion.
The Physician Factor in Cesarean Birth Rates
Authors: Gregory L. Goyert, Sidney F. Bottoms, Marjorie C. Treadwell, Paul C. Nehra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

To investigate the influence of physicians' practice styles on the rate of deliveries by cesarean section, we studied 1533 affluent women at low risk of obstetrical complications who were cared for by 11 obstetricians in a single community hospital. The mean rate of delivery by cesarean section was 26.9 percent, but the rate ranged from 19.1 to 42.3 percent, according to the physician. The mean rate of primary cesarean section (i.e., the rate for women without previous cesarean deliveries) was 17.2, with a range of 9.6 to 31.8 percent. A stepwise logistic-regression model of the determinants of primary cesarean section, including the individual physician, parity, birth weight, and maternal age and excluding specific medical indications, showed that only nulliparity (P less than 0.0001) was more important than the identity of the physician (P less than 0.001) in its influence on the rate of cesarean section. Variation in cesarean-section rates among physicians was not attributable to the practice setting, the patient population, the degree of obstetrical risk, or the physician's recent medicolegal experience, and it was not accompanied by corresponding differences in neonatal outcome. We conclude that individual practice style may be an important determinant of the wide variations in the rates of cesarean delivery among obstetricians. Our data do not permit us to say with certainty whether the procedure is overused by some obstetricians or underused by others, but we found no obvious differences in neonatal outcome associated with differences in the cesarean-section rate.
Renovascular Hypertension: Diagnostic Problems and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Joseph L. Izzo
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Recent experiences with the angiotensin II (A II) receptor blocker sarcosine-1 alanine-8 angiotensin II (saralasin)<sup>1</sup>and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril<sup>2</sup>have served to reemphasize the importance of the renin-angiotensin axis in cardiovascular homeostasis. In this issue ofThe Journal(p 368), Fouad and her colleagues report that another A II receptor blocker, sarcosine-1 threonine-8 angiotensin II ([Sar<sup>1</sup>, Thr<sup>8</sup>]A II), is not superior to saralasin in predicting the response of renovascular hypertension to surgical correction. However, despite the fact that depressor responses to angiotensin blockers are not specific for renovascular hypertension, it would be a mistake to assume that interruption of the renin-angiotensin system is not a useful diagnostic or therapeutic measure. Correct interpretation of various BP responses to reninangiotensin interruption is sometimes difficult but generally possible. Despite some controversy, the most important overall determinant of response to renin-angiotensin blockade is the baseline activity
The Epidemiology of AIDS: Expression, Occurrence, and Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Infection
Authors: Ronald Altman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

By the latter half of 1988, almost 500 articles per month on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were being catalogued by the National Library of Medicine. This fact, noted by Kaslow and Francis in the preface to<i>The Epidemiology of AIDS</i>, is virtually the first thing that greets the reader on picking up the book, and perhaps is the source of both its strength and its weakness. The authors attempt to synthesize in a book of moderate length the large body of knowledge that has accumulated on the epidemiology of AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since the first recognition of AIDS in 1981. The book is a compilation of chapters on various aspects of the AIDS epidemic, each written by an expert in a particular field. Those on the epidemiology of AIDS include a general discussion of the topic by the editors; chapters related to transmission categories, such as
Evidence-Based Medicine Requires Appropriate Clinical Context
Authors: Robert A. McNutt
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Pregnancy on Autonomic Nervous Function and Heart Rate in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Women
Authors: K E Juhani Airaksinen, Pasi I Salmela, Markku J Ikäheimo, Pertti Kirkinen, Markku K Linnaluoto, Juha T Takkunen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Supine and standing heart rate and heart rate responses to deep breathing and standing up (the 30-to-15 ratio), indices of autonomic nervous function, were measured during each trimester and postpartum in 25 women with insulin-dependent diabetes and 10 nondiabetic women. The groups did not differ with respect to autonomic function in the basal state (postpartum), and the heart rate response to deep breathing diminished progressively in both groups during pregnancy, although the change tended to be less pronounced in the diabetic women. The 30-to-15 ratio did not alter significantly during pregnancy. The diabetic women had a higher supine heart rate than the healthy women in the basal state, but the pregnancy-induced increase in heart rate was less in the diabetic women. Thus, the reversible diminution of heart rate response to deep breathing during pregnancy is a physiological finding and does not denote development of autonomic nervous dysfunction. Second, the increase in heart rate, a primary cardiovascular adjustment to pregnancy, seems to be blunted in diabetic women.
Muscular Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: E. DOUGLAS WIGLE, PIERRE AUGER, YVES MARQUIS
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Left ventricular ejection time was correlated with the intraventricular pressure gradient in 35 cases of muscular subaortic stenosis in which simultaneous aortic and left ventricular pressure recordings were available. Ejection times were corrected for heart rate by dividing them by the square root of the cycle length. There was a direct relation between the degree of prolongation of the ejection time and the magnitude of the pressure gradient whether the latter varied spontaneously or followed surgical or pharmacological intervention. The only exceptions occurred in three of nine cases during stimulation of the gradient with isoproterenol. In contrast, when an intraventricular pressure difference resulted from catheter entrapment in left ventricular myocardium in patients with nonobstructive cardiomyopathy, there was an inverse relation between ejection time and pressure difference, whether the latter varied spontaneously or following pharmacological intervention. These studies provide further evidence that (1) two types of intraventricular pressure difference may be encountered within the left ventricle of man, and (2) the pressure difference in muscular subaortic stenosis results from obstruction to the left ventricular outflow.