tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Profile of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cell Characteristics in Patients with a Good Outcome after Lung Transplantation
Authors: DIRK-JAN SLEBOS, JANNY SCHOLMA, H. MARIKE BOEZEN, GERARD H. KOËTER, WIM VAN DER BIJ, DIRKJE S. POSTMA, HENK F. KAUFFMAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis is used in patients after lung transplantation (LTX) to obtain more insight into pathological conditions such as acute and chronic allograft rejection. Information on the normal course of BALF cell characteristics in patients with "good outcome" after LTX is limited. Therefore we analyzed 169 BALF samples from 63 well-defined "good outcome" patients after LTX (no acute or chronic transplant dysfunction, bacterial, fungal, or viral infections at the time of BAL). Total cell count decreased from the first months: median (range) 234 x 10(3) (70-610) cells/ml to 103 x 10(3) (10-840) cells/ml during the second year posttransplantation (p < 0.001). Cell differential counts did not change during the 2-yr study period. The CD4/CD8 ratio increased significantly from 0.32 (0.11-0.46) just posttransplantation to 0.62 (0.16-4.27) the second year after LTX. This increasing ratio was mainly due to a sharp decreasing CD8(+) cell count. Thus, characteristics of BAL cellular patterns in patients with good outcomes after LTX show important changes over time. We have defined control values for the BALF cellular profile in patients without pathological airway conditions after LTX. We propose to use these control values as a tool for diagnosing patients with pulmonary complications after LTX and for the follow-up of treatment regimens.
Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism in a U.S. Army population.
Authors: B L Chapin, S Medina, D Le, N Bussell, K Bussell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) reported that 4.3-6.3% of adult Americans have undiagnosed diabetes. 15.6% have impaired glucose tolerance, and 10.1% have impaired fasting glucose. By design, NHANES III excluded people in the U.S. military. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired fasting glucose among U.S. Army soldiers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A 2-h, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed on a prospective, consecutive sample of 625 asymptomatic soldiers presenting to a U.S. Army medical clinic for physical examinations. Age of subjects was 32 +/- 9 years (mean +/- SD), and 81.0% of subjects were male. BMI was 26.2 +/- 3.7 kg/m2. Race/ethnicity categories included Caucasian (54.4%), African-American (24.4%), Hispanic (17.4%), and other (3.7%). A family history of diabetes was reported by 25.4% of the subjects, and the number of exercise sessions per week was 4.0 +/- 1.5. RESULTS: The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 3 of 625 (0.5%) (95% CI, 0.1-1.4): impaired glucose tolerance, 11 of 598 (1.8%) (0.9-3.3); and impaired fasting glucose 6 of 585 (1.0%) (0.4-2.2). CONCLUSIONS: In this low-diabetes risk U.S. Army population, the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired fasting glucose were 0.5, 1.8, and 1.0%, respectively. The prevalence rates found in this study are approximately one-tenth of those found in NHANES III.
454 PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HEPATOTROPIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) PRES1-INTERFERON a (IFNa) FUSIONS FOR TARGETED ANTIVIRAL THERAPIES
Authors: C. Filzmayer, A. Schulze, Y. Ni, R. Zawatzky, V. Lohmann, M. Köster, H. Hauser, S. Urban
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
The 5-Year Incidence of Bleb-Related Infection and Its Risk Factors after Filtering Surgeries with Adjunctive Mitomycin C
Authors: Tetsuya Yamamoto, Akira Sawada, Chihiro Mayama, Makoto Araie, Shinji Ohkubo, Kazuhisa Sugiyama, Yasuaki Kuwayama
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Antibacterial Drugs
Authors: Elisabet I. Nielsen, Lena E. Friberg
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2013)

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modeling and simulation has evolved as an important tool for rational drug development and drug use, where developed models characterize both the typical trends in the data and quantify the variability in relationships between dose, concentration, and desired effects and side effects. In parallel, rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria imposes new challenges on modern health care. Models that can characterize bacterial growth, bacterial killing by antibiotics and immune system, and selection of resistance can provide valuable information on the interactions between antibiotics, bacteria, and host. Simulations from developed models allow for outcome predictions of untested scenarios, improved study designs, and optimized dosing regimens. Today, much quantitative information on antibiotic PKPD is thrown away by summarizing data into variables with limited possibilities for extrapolation to different dosing regimens and study populations. In vitro studies allow for flexible study designs and valuable information on time courses of antibiotic drug action. Such experiments have formed the basis for development of a variety of PKPD models that primarily differ in how antibiotic drug exposure induces amplification of resistant bacteria. The models have shown promise for efficacy predictions in patients, but few PKPD models describe time courses of antibiotic drug effects in animals and patients. We promote more extensive use of modeling and simulation to speed up development of new antibiotics and promising antibiotic drug combinations. This review summarizes the value of PKPD modeling and provides an overview of the characteristics of available PKPD models of antibiotics based on in vitro, animal, and patient data.
The probiotic VSL#3 increases scbm and reduces symptom severity scores in patients with functional constipation
Authors: G. C. Parkes, D. Chatoor, A. Emmanuel
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is increasing evidence for the use of probiotic bacteria in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Most reports to date have been in patients with diarrhoea or bloating. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the efficacy of the probiotic VSL#3 in patients with constipation predominant IBS (IBS-C) and slow transit constipation (STC). <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were recruited from a tertiary referral functional bowel disorder clinic. All patients completed a 2 week stool diary, IBS symptom severity scores (IBS-SSS) and quality of life scores (PAC-SYM) at baseline. Patients received one sachet of open label VSL#3 containing a mixed freeze dried culture of 450 billion bacteria, twice a day for 12 weeks and then completed the questionnaires. <h3>Results</h3> 45 consecutive patients were invited to participate, but four declined as they had already tried OTC probiotics. 41 patients were studied (21 STC, 20 IBS-C). The mean age was 28.0, 85% were female, with a mean duration of symptoms of 9.9 years. Following treatment with VSL#3 there was a significant increase in mean number of spontaneous complete bowel motions (SCBM) per week see figure (1.0 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.4) p&lt;0.0001). In addition there were significant improvements in quality of life scores (31.4 vs 22.9, p&lt;0.0001) and IBS-SSS (305 vs 269, p&lt;0.0001). Sub-group analysis demonstrated that in the IBS-C group there was a non-significant increase in SCBM/week (0.5 (95% CI −0.3 to 1.2)) but a significant reduction in PAC-SYM score (31.7 vs 22.7, p&lt;0.0001) and IBS-SSS (322 vs 281, p=0.001. In the STC group there was a significant increase in the number of SCBM/week (1.5 (95% CI 0.9 to 2.0) p&lt;0.0001) as well as improvements in PAC-SYM (31.0 vs 23.0, p=0.001) and IBS-SSS (290 vs 259, p=0.004). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This open-label pilot study suggests that VSL#3 improves symptoms and quality of life in women with IBS-C and STC. A larger randomised placebo controlled trial is warranted.
A category-specific response to animals in the right human amygdala
Authors: Florian Mormann, Julien Dubois, Simon Kornblith, Milica Milosavljevic, Moran Cerf, Matias Ison, Naotsugu Tsuchiya, Alexander Kraskov, Rodrigo Quian Quiroga, Ralph Adolphs, Itzhak Fried, Christof Koch
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
???Pseudo??? Abdominal Situs Inversus Following Trauma
Authors: ARLENE P. GRIMMOND, MOZAFAREDDIN K. KARIMEDDINI, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Following trauma, a Ga-67 image showed hepatic tissue only to the left of the midline. This was due to necrosis of the right lobe, giving the appearance of hepatic situs inversus.
THE TRAINING OF TEACHERS IN PERSONAL AND SCHOOL HYGIENE, AS CARRIED OUT UNDER THE GLASGOW PROVINCIAL COMMITTEE
Authors: C. C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1908)

SOME two months ago I suLmmed up my experiences of the ophthalmo-reaction, in a paper read to the Coventry Divi- sion of the British Medical Association, and published in this JOURNAL.' My conclusions were that the reaction, though some- times obtained in the non-tuberculous, and sometimes not obtained in the certainly tuberculous, was a useful aid to -diagnosis, and that if the eye used for the test were lhealthy there was no danger to be feared from a L or a 1 per cent.solution of tuberculin.Three of the cases, however, which I quoted in the paper have since done so badly that I am now of the opinion that the dangers are very real, and that, as the reaction is by no means conclusive, it is hardly a justifiable method of diagnosis.The history of the cases is shortly as follows:CASE I.R. S., aged 4, female, had been in the Coventry and Warwick- shire Hospital for a month suffering from a disease of the ankle, which was regarded as tuberculous in nature.Both eyes were absolutely normal.On March 6th a drop of 0.5 per cent.solution of Calmette's tuberculin was placed in the right eye.No change was noticed.On March 9th the instillation was repeated with a 1 per cent.solution.The next day there was a decided reaction.The caruncle was swollen and the eye injected.This conjunctivitis became rapidly worse; there was a copious discharge and intense inflammation.Later there was chemosis and some swelling of the right eyelids.The conjunctiva was turgid and thickened, and the condition of the lids was very similar to that seen in some varieties of trachoma.This intense conjunctivitis gradually yielded to treatment, but much photophobia and lacrymation persisted.Early in April an elongated phlyetenule was present at the outer aspect of the corneo-scleral margin.This condition did not improve with yellow ointment, but gradually got worse.At the end of April, just inside the phlyetenule, there were three distinct patches of interstitial keratitis, and in the very centre of the cornea an ulcer appeared the size of a large pin's head, which stained deeply with fluorescein.The eye was put under atropine and tied up.This ulcer proved very chronic, but neither it nor the interstitial keratitis showed any tendency to spread.After a fortnight's treatment with atropine, yellow oxide of mercury was added to the ointmenit, and the condition gradually cleared up.At the present time there is a small central nebula, the rest of the cornea is clear, and the eye is no longer injected.
Management of Duodenal Adenomas in 98 Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: None Heiskanen, None Kellokumpu, None Järvinen
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: The advantage of endoscopic surveillance and treatment of duodenal polyposis is still unclear in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the progression patterns of duodenal polyposis and the results of treatment.
Hunger and Malnutrition
Authors: John Sonneland
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The July 13, 1970, issue ofThe Journalcontains a report from the Council on Foods and Nutrition (<b>213</b>:272, 1970) entitled "Malnutrition and Hunger in the United States." As the report sets forth, the two conditions are distinct and separate. Every physician knows that malnutrition exists among the elderly and the uninformed. In contrast, the report states: "There is no truly reliable estimate of the number of hungry people in our country." Starting with approximately the 1960 presidential campaign, there has been a recurring theme in the lay press concerning the supposedly enormous problem of hunger in the United States. While there may be small pockets of hunger in remote, inaccessible areas, I believe most physicians would join me in wondering when they last saw a patient truly suffering from chronic hunger. For a council of the American Medical Association to lend credibility to the myth
Complexity is a cue to the mind
Authors: George Kampis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The relevance of chaotic itinerancy and other types of exotic dynamical behavior described by Tsuda (2001) certainly goes beyond the scope of his target article. These concepts of dynamics may offer a general framework for the understanding of complexity, which could help to restructure the analysis and conceptualization of mental states in novel ways, providing insights for the philosophy of mind.
Anaesthetics journals retract further articles after ethics approval is found lacking
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The world’s leading anaesthesia journals have now been forced to retract research articles by two anaesthetists because their studies have been found to have been conducted without full ethics approval.

Eight articles in four journals by one anaesthetist, Yoshitaka Fujii in Japan, have had to be retracted because institutional review board approval for the research on which the articles are based cannot be verified. Dr Fujii has now been dismissed by his research organisation.

This follows the retraction of 88 articles by Joachim Boldt in Germany last year by 18 journals for the same reason. An institutional review board, sometimes known as an independent ethics committee or ethical review board, must approve the study design before research takes place and can demand changes to the proposals. It then continues to monitor and review the study.

In September 2011 Toho University in Japan started an investigation to look at the credibility of nine papers published by Dr Fujii. All the research was found to have …
Filipino parliament votes to improve access to contraception
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

After more than a decade of wrangling, the Filipino parliament has moved a step closer to approving a bill that would provide free access to contraception to poor people.

By a vote of 113 for and 104 against, with three abstentions, the House of Representatives passed the bill, which as well as providing free contraception would make sex education available to children and teenagers.

The bill would also require the Department of Health to improve obstetric care. It says that for every 500 000 people there should be at least one hospital with …
DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF RENAL SYMPATHETIC DENERVATION ON INDEXES OF SHORT-TERM BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH RESISTANT HYPERTENSION
Authors: Konstantinos P. Tsioufis, Vasilios Papademetriou, Matthew Worthley, Derek Chew, Ajay Sinhal, Ian Meredith, Yuvaraj Malaiapan, Stephen G. Worthley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Peter Hackett
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Racquet sports--patterns of injury presenting to a sports injury clinic.
Authors: M D Chard, S M Lachmann
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1987)

In an 8-year retrospective study, 631 injuries due to the racquet sports of squash (59%), tennis (21%) and badminton (20%) were seen in a sports injury clinic, males predominating (58 to 66%). The proportion of squash injuries was higher than expected and probably relates to higher physical stress and risk of contact in this sport. Also they occurred mainly in persons over 25 years (59%) i.e. the reverse for sport in general. Acute traumatic injuries were seen especially in squash players, a majority affecting the knee, lumbar region, muscles and ankle. Tennis injuries differed most with lateral epicondylitis, patello-femoral pain and lumbar disc prolapse being relatively common. The badminton injury pattern overlapped the others. Lower limb injuries predominated in all three. Detailed assessment of 106 cases showed many to be new, infrequent, social players. Poor warm-up was a common factor in new and established players. The importance of these findings is discussed.
Oral Phosphates for Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: J. R. Gill, D. E. Hellman, F. C. Bartter
Journal: BMJ (1963)

was found that good chromosome pictures can be displayed on a 24-in.(61-cm.)television screen using a microscope with a built-in light source (Baker "patho- lette") and a x80 apochromatic objective.This procedure can be useful for teaching purposes.Projecting an enlarged image from a chromosome negative on to a Thorn image-retaining panel2 produced a well-defined orange-coloured luminescent image which increased in intensity the longer the plate was left under the enlarger.The image was retained for half an hour after the enlarger was switched off provided the voltage across the plate was maintained.This'procedure may be of assistance in examining and classifying individual chromosomes.I am indebted to Mr. J. Andrews and Mr. K. Cecil for preparing the chromosomes and buccal smears for examination at this hospital.
Socially Tolerable Cigarette Smoke?-Reply
Authors: Cornelius J. Lynch
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The first issue raised by Dr Homburger on our recent article inThe Journalis the possible alteration in the proportion of toxic smoke constituents of today's cigarettes compared with pre-1960 cigarettes. The formulation of today's low tar and low nicotine cigarettes is carried out by processes that reduce quantitatively, and largely nonselectively, the amount of smoke produced in both the particulate phase (which contains tar, nicotine, and water) and the gas phase (which contains the other smoke constituents). Table 3 of our article suggests this overall quantitative reduction, in that the six constituents addressed are reduced for each of the cigarette brands listed. The constituents considered were chosen because these have been implicated in human disease incidence. These and other constituents have been addressed by the National Cancer Institute's Smoking and Health Program, where over 130 types of experimental cigarettes have been tested for potentially lower toxicity.
Abstract 3896: A metabolic enzyme as a pro-angiogenic activator in premalignant mammary cells.
Authors: Anatilde M. Gonzalez-Guerrico, Ingrid Espinoza, Ruth Lupu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract A crucial step in cancer progression is the development of a high-density vascular network, the angiogenic switch. During carcinogenesis breast angiogenesis occurs at hyperplasia before atypia, reaching maximum vascularization between ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. Altered energy metabolism is an early hallmark of several human malignancies. Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) is a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of Palmitate from Malonyl CoA. With the exception of liver and adipose tissue, normal cells have low levels of FASN and activity. Here we show that FASN expression is progressively up-regulated in the early steps of human breast carcinogenesis. While under hypoxia FASN expression is downregulated in non-transformed breast epithelial cells that form normal ducts. In pre-malignant breast cancer lesions under similar conditions, FASN expression is upregulated. These data suggest a link between FASN-hypoxia-progression. In addition, we observed that in early stages of breast carcinogenesis, FASN regulates the expression of hypoxia genes, which in turn results in increase vascularization and angiogenic markers. Forced expression of FASN in non-transformed breast epithelial cells resulted in increased activity of HIF-1α and upregulation of VEGF expression. Furthermore, FASN-expressing non-transformed breast epithelial cells under hypoxia conditions produced the necessary factors to stimulate angiogenesis, as measured by tube formation and migration in HUVEC cells. These data provide evidence that FASN promotes pro-angiogenesis under hypoxia at the early onset of breast carcinoma; thus, it could be considered as a target for breast cancer chemoprevention. Citation Format: Anatilde M. Gonzalez-Guerrico, Ingrid Espinoza, Ruth Lupu. A metabolic enzyme as a pro-angiogenic activator in premalignant mammary cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3896. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3896