tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe Hemorrhage Due to Tromexan
Authors: Richard P. Gripe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

TROMEXAN, a new anticoagulant, has recently been accepted for general use. Chemically, it is described as ethyl biscoumacetate (3,3′ carboxymethylenebis- [4-hydroxycoumarin] ethyl ester). It is most widely recognized as "Tromexan" but is also known as "Pelentan," "B.O.E.A." and "D.E.A."Dicumarol1 and Tromexan2 are related members of the coumarin series of drugs. Each is presumed to act in similar fashion, by interfering with the normal production of prothrombin by the liver. The exact mode of action is as yet unknown.3 , 4 The possibility of hemorrhage after Dicumarol administration is well known, and precautions for its use have been repeatedly stressed.5 6 7 Utilizing an . . .
TCT-32 Prospective, Multi-Center Evaluation of the DESolve Novolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Coronary Scaffold: Imaging Outcomes and 4-Year Clinical and Imaging Results
Authors: Stefan Verheye, Lynn Morrison, Joachim Schofer, Michael Maeng, Rajiv Jauhar, Carsten Skurk, Roberto Botelho, John Ormiston, Ricardo Costa, Jose Costa, Daniel Chamie, Juliana Castro, Andrea Abizaid, John Yan, Vinayak Bhat, Sara Toyloy, Alexandre Abizaid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Low Foxp3 expression in negative sentinel lymph nodes is associated with node metastases in colorectal cancer
Authors: L. Matera, S. Sandrucci, A. Mussa, C. Boffa, I. Castellano, P. Cassoni
Journal: Gut (2010)

In a recent commentary, Sobhanu and Le Gouvello,1 take advantage of the account of Chaput et al 2 of a new population of T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes (CD8+) to address the more general question of whether accumulation of Tregs (both CD8+ and conventional CD4+) must be considered a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC). Tregs (Foxp3+) play a pivotal role in maintaining immune system homeostasis through their ability to suppress immunological responses, including tumour immunity against tumour-associated antigens. In their interesting commentary, Sobhanu and Le Gouvello1 argue that the in vivo immunosuppressive effect of these cells in CRC still remains controversial. Actually, accordingly to the available data, we believe it reasonable to state that CD4+ Tregs do not contribute to CRC escape from host immunity. While earlier studies showed a higher density of tumour-infiltrating Tregs in advanced …
Is the conflict of interest unacceptable when drug companies conduct trials on their own drugs? Yes
Authors: B. Goldacre
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Ben Goldacre</b> argues that the financial interests of drug companies lead to distorted evidence, but <b>Vincent Lawton</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4953) believes that adequate safeguards exist to keep bias in check
Intensive care patients should be given prophylactic antibiotics
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Hospital deaths among patients in intensive care units could be cut by a quarter if patients were given a cocktail of prophylactic antibiotics, a large randomised controlled study in the Netherlands has said ( Lancet 2003;362: 1011–6).

Amsterdam's Academic Medical Centre, which carried out the study, believes it has put the treatment back on the agenda by showing an “impressive reduction” in mortality in longer stay intensive care patients. It also shows that …
Monoclonal antibodies are shown to be safe and effective in patients with dyslipidaemia
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A new class of cholesterol drug, PCSK9 inhibitors, can reduce mortality and significantly reduce low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lipoprotein in patients with hypercholesterolaemia, a meta-analysis published in the Annals of Internal Medicine has found.1

A sizeable proportion of patients treated with statins do not achieve the recommended target LDL cholesterol levels, and some discontinue treatment owing to drug related side effects. In the past five years many monoclonal antibodies, including evolocumab, alirocumab, and bococizumab, have been developed as PCSK9 inhibitors that disrupt the …
Effects of metoclopramide and domperidone on azygos venous blood flow in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension
Authors: Ricardo Mastai, Luis Grande, Jaime Bosch, Jordi Bruix, Joaquim Rigau, David Kravetz, Miguel Navasa, Cristobal Pera, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

The effects of pharmacological manipulation of the lower esophageal sphincter pressure on the esophageal circulation in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension were investigated in 33 patients by measuring the azygos venous blood flow, which is an index of blood flow through esophageal varices and periesophageal collaterals draining into the azygos venous system. Measurements were performed in baseline conditions and after the blind administration of metoclopramide (20 mg i.v.) (12 patients), domperidone (10 mg i.v.) (12 patients) and placebo (9 patients). Both metoclopramide and domperidone caused a significant reduction of azygos blood flow, that decreased by 11.5% (p &lt; 0.01) and 15.6% (p &lt; 0.02) respectively, while no change was observed in patients receiving placebo (+1.4%, not statistically significant). Reduction of azygos blood flow represents a selective effect of metoclopramide and domperidone on the esophageal circulation, since portal pressure, hepatic blood flow, cardiac output, heart rate and arterial blood pressure were unchanged by the administration of metoclopramide, domperidone or placebo. These results indicate that the administration of drugs that increase the lower esophageal sphincter pressure may reduce the inflow of blood into the esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension.
Oral Prophylaxis of Recurrent Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein, Harrison F. Wood, Mario Spagnuolo, Angelo Taranta, Esther Tursky, Edith Kleinberg
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Oral penicillin, 200,000 units twice daily, has been tested against oral sulfadiazine, 1.0 gm daily, for prophylaxis of streptoco[ill][ill]al infections and recurrences of rheumatic fever. A group of young patients who had had previous rheumatic episodes were randomly allocated to the two regimens under comparison, and were followed for three calendar years. The attack rates per patient-year in the sulfadiazine and double-dose penicillin groups were, respectively: for streptococcal infections, 22% and 20%; for rheumatic recurrences, 3% and 4%. The results indicate that oral penicillin does not achieve its bactericidal superiority over sulfadiazine when given in the relatively low dosage of 200,000 units, once or twice daily. For oral prophylaxis in patients who have had rheumatic fever, sulfadiazine seems equally effective or better than this type of penicillin regimen.
Multiple focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in a patient with prostatic cancer
Authors: J F Cadranel
Journal: Gut (2003)

Caution with the use of cyclosporin in pregnancyWe read the article by Alstead and Nelson-Piercy with great interest. 1 We report a case (submitted for publication) of a woman with fulminant ulcerative colitis in the 29th week of pregnancy.Her disease was refractory to steroids, but she refused to have cyclosporin whilst pregnant.She therefore underwent an emergency Caesarean section and was given intravenous cyclosporin post-operatively.After 48 hours of treatment she developed severe hypertension with hypertensive encephalopathy and seizures.Although cyclosporin has been considered to be safe for both mother and foetus, we would like to highlight concerns that it is associated with potentially life threatening side effects.As a result, patients must be counselled thoroughly about the potential morbidity associated with this treatment and monitored closely.We agree with Dr Alstead in that cyclosporin should be used with extreme caution in pregnancy and the postnatal period.
Points from Letters: Side Effects of Amitriptyline
Authors: M. A. M. Khan
Journal: BMJ (1975)

autonomy, heads of departments may be able, for example, to finance replacement equipment from money saved during periods when there are unfilled posts in a department.It might also make more sense to use cheaper analytical methods and reagents.Such. a policy might enable a measure of Mr. Crossman's redeployment of money to take place without crippling the existing service.However, only departmental man- agers can make their services more efficient.It cannot be properly or safely done by remote administrators making arbitrary and swingeing cuts based on ill-conceived ideas or inadequate information.If financial stringency is to be the com- pulsory order of the day it should be applied impartially throughout the N.H.S.Let us renmember that few ordinary doctors have ever been convinced of the need for the new enlarged administration required to run the Health Service reorganization.In some areas of activity the region now wields more power than it did before 1 April 1974, and the area is left like a castrato tenor warbling in- effectually between the baritone soloist at the district and the bass obligato at the region.The new management system has yet to prove both its own effectiveness and cost- benefit to the community.Perhaps some of these less than essential gentlemen should recll Cromwell's famous assessment of the Rump
Role of mathematics in cancer research: attitudes and training of Japanese mathematicians.
Authors: A Kudô
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

An extensive survey of attitude towards scientific information of scientists in Japan was conducted in Japan. It was published in a technical report, and this survey is reviewed in this paper, with the hope that this will furnish findings important in working out the plan for promoting exploitation of mathematical talent in biomedical research. Findings are concordant with the impression of foreign visitors: (1) pure mathematicians tend to concentrate on mathematics only; (2) applied mathematics and statistics are heavily oriented toward industry; (3) mathematicians and pharmacologists are very different in their attitudes to scientific information. Based on the personal experience of the author, difficulties to be circumvented in utilizing aptitudes for mathematics and/or statistics in biomedical research are discussed.
THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF HUMAN SUBJECTS VACCINATED WITH THE VIRUS OF HUMAN INFLUENZA
Authors: Thomas Francis, T. P. Magill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

Human influenza virus cultivated in tissue culture medium may be administered subcutaneously or intradermally to human individuals without causing evidence of infection. Subjects so treated develop a good titer of circulating antibodies effective against mouse passage virus and, if antibodies were previously present, vaccination stimulates the production of more antibody. The antibodies so induced persist for at least 5 months, although in this period of time some decline in titer may have begun. The antibody response to vaccination parallels both in extent and persistence that occurring as a result of the naturally acquired disease. The available data do not enable one to evaluate the effect of vaccination in preventing human infection with influenza. It seems not unlikely that the increase in circulating antibody will be accompanied by an increased ability to combat the natural infection.
Stent-in-stent technique and endoscopic resection of granulation tissue to remove a migrated metal duodenal stent embedded in the colon
Authors: Dong-Hoon Yang, Myeongsook Seo, Hyo Lee, Sang Park, Kyung-Jo Kim, Byong Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) can be used to treat malignant gastroduodenal obstructions. In such cases, the incidence of stent migration is 5 % and, if it occurs, surgery may be required [1]. We report a case with a migrated duodenal SEMS that had become embedded in the wall of the ascending colon.
Missing Colorectal Cancer
Authors: B. Rembacken
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

It is a well-recognized fact that colonoscopy misses a proportion of polyps. In this issue of Endoscopy, Leaper et al. [1] show that colonoscopy also misses a proportion of advanced carcinomas. Most of the missed lesions were either not seen or were not recognized as malignant, despite adequate bowel preparation. This finding suggests that we can improve the detection of cancer through improved training.
Functional Significance of a Low Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide*
Authors: Robert L. Johnson, Harold F. Taylor, Arthur C. DeGraff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Diffusing capacity of the lungs imposes a theo- retical limit to oxygen consumption, causing oxy- gen saturation of arterial blood to fall sharply if this limit is approached (1).The diffusing surface of the normal lung is so large, however, that at sea level oxygen capacity of the blood and the cardiac output rather than diffusing capacity create the major bottleneck to oxygen transport (2).Diffusion becomes an important limit only at high altitudes (3) or when diffusing capacity is reduced sufficiently by disease to cause alveolar capillary block (4).Diffusing capacity of the lungs usually is meas- ured with respect to CO (DLco) rather than oxygen (DLO2).Yet little information exists regarding how low DLCO must be before alveolar capillary block is manifest.Recent work of Roughton and Forster (5) and of Staub, Bishop, and Forster (6) defines the theoretical relation- ship between DLco and DLO2 allowing translation of CO diffusing capacity into terms of oxygen transport.Thus we should be able to state more explicitly the functional significance of a low CO diffusing capacity.Our purpose has been to pre- dict the restriction in maximal oxygen transport implied by a low DLco and then to check the pre- diction by experimental measurement. MethodsTheory.The reciprocals of DLco and DLO2 are specific resistances in millimeters Hg per milliliter per minute to CO *
PRDM1 is involved in chemoresistance of T-cell lymphoma and down-regulated by the proteasome inhibitor
Authors: Wei-Li Zhao, Yan-Yan Liu, Qun-Ling Zhang, Li Wang, Christophe Leboeuf, Yi-Wen Zhang, Jie Ma, José-Francisco Garcia, Yong-Ping Song, Jun-Min Li, Zhi-Xiang Shen, Zhu Chen, Anne Janin, Sai-Juan Chen
Journal: Blood (2008)
A CONVENIENT AXILLARY DRESSING
Authors: Ethan Flagg Butler
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The application of a comfortable axillary dressing seems always to be fraught with difficulty. Either the dressing is incompetent and fails to cover the field properly, or else it is tightly applied by roller bandage or adhesive and with each motion of the shoulder joint the patient experiences discomfort. Axillary furunculosis and other conditions will always create a need for surgical dressings. From the patient's standpoint, the most comfortable type of dressing, so far observed, can be made from the "dress shield." Borrowing freely from the dressmaker of bygone years (dress shields are not as common, nowadays, as they used to be), one finds, ready-made, a nearly waterproof contrivance admirably shaped to fit the axilla. All that is necessary is to provide the means for securing it in place. This is readily accomplished by sewing six tapes to the shield: two long tapes (<i>B</i>) three fourths of the distance
Leslie Joseph Temple
Authors: John Drakeley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<i>Former consultant cardiothoracic surgeon Broadgreen Hospital, Liverpool, and visiting consultant thoracic surgeon Barrowmore Hospital, Chester, Nobles Hospital, Douglas, Isle of Man, and Machynlleth Hospital, mid Wales (b London 1915; q University College Hospital, London, 1939; FRCS, BA), died from an aortic dissection on 10 July 2004.</i>
Effects of KP-496DPI, a Novel Dual Antagonist for Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor (CysLT1R) and Thromboxane A2 Receptor (TP), on the Asthmatic Responses in Guinea Pigs
Authors: M. Suda, K. Morizumi, M. Ishimura, T. Maeda, S. Kataoka, Y. Hiyama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients and first degree relatives (FDR) of cretan origin
Authors: A. Mantaka, M. Koulentaki, O. Tsagournis, C. Coucoutsi, V. Theodorakopoulou, E. Kouroumalis
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction and background</h3> Twin and family studies suggest that there is a significant heritable component to PBC. It has been suggested that increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis may contribute to the development of the hyperdynamic circulation observed in cirrhotic patients, while total NO circulating levels are enhanced in PBC. <h3>Aims</h3> The authors examined two endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms, a 27-bp repeat in intron 4 and a Glu298Asp in exon 7, to assess a possible association with the development of PBC in a genetically homogenous Cretan population. <h3>Methods</h3> Genomic DNA was extracted from 91 PBC patients (77 female), 82 AMA+, median age 68 years (41–84 years), 48/91 Ludwig stage I–II and 101 FDR (63 female), median age 41 (age range 18–80 years), 3/101 AMA+ and 20/101 ANA+ of Cretan origin. 100 sex, age and geography matched healthy controls (76 female), median age 69 years (39–86 years), 9/100 ANA+. Exon7 polymorphism was determined by PCR–restriction fragment–length polymorphism analysis. Intron4 polymorphism was determined using PCR amplification with oligonucleotide primers. Distribution of genotypes and alleles was compared by x<sup>2</sup> test or Fisher9s exact test. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In Cretan PBC patients both eNOs intron 4 VNTR and Glu298Asp in exon 7 eNOs polymorphism are not associated with disease occurrence or disease stage.
The Electroencephalogram: Its Patterns and Origins
Authors: Terrence Riley
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Just when you thought there was nothing left to be written about the electroencephalogram (EEG), John Barlow brings a provocative new model to define and study brain waves. This is not a basic or clinical text in electroencephalography, however, but a book about science, and the student or resident in neurology or psychiatry should know that before purchasing it. With his "extrema-slopes" hypothesis, Barlow explores the origins of EEG oscillations from a new theoretical perspective that has a number of fascinating physiological and technical implications and some opportunities for new research. Although very well written, illustrated, and organized, this is not always easy reading. The physics, physiology, math, and electronics can all be individually demanding, even more so when combined. It will appeal to the technically oriented encephalographer or investigator and to many biomedical engineers, but to relatively few clinicians or residents. While clinical implications of the new model are
Valproic Acid in Epilepsy
Authors: Samuel Livingston
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We are writing in regard to the article "Valproic Acid (Depakene): A New Anticonvulsant Agent" (240:2190, 1978), in which Lewis presented a succinct review of the literature relative to the efficacy and toxicity of this drug. His conclusion that valproic acid "is most effective in absence seizures (simple and complex)" and "has produced improvement in tonic-clonic seizures, mixed absence with tonic-clonic seizures, and myoclonic epilepsy" may lead the reader, especially in view of the publicity in the public media before Food and Drug Administration approval, to believe that valproic acid may well be the long-sought "ideal anticonvulsant." Since our experience with valproic acid does not parallel the findings described by Lewis and conflicts with the advance enthusiasm relative to efficacy, we would like briefly to present our results in 48 patients treated with this drug. To avoid the inherent complexities and nosologic confusion associated with the International
BMJ family highlights
Authors: H. Marcovitch
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A physician examined 10 patients who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and reported swollen neck glands. No glands were palpable, so it might be that previously both patients and doctors have misinterpreted the tenderness of fibromyalgia as lymphadenopathy. The author urges caution in interpreting any published prevalence study of lymphadenopathy where the diagnosis was based on history alone. Predictably, nine of the patients had been investigated previously by other specialists for unexplained symptoms and seven have subsequently been referred by their general practitioners to another clinic. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2003; 79: 59-60 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPostgraduate%2BMedical%2BJournal%26rft.stitle%253DPostgrad.%2BMed.%2BJ.%26rft.issn%253D0032-5473%26rft.aulast%253DShee%26rft.auinit1%253DC%2BD%26rft.volume%253D79%26rft.issue%253D927%26rft.spage%253D59%26rft.epage%253D60%26rft.atitle%253DPhantom%2Blymphadenopathy.%2BAn%2Bassociation%2Bwith%2Bchronic%2Bfatigue%2Bsyndrome%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12566557%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=postgradmedj&resid=79/927/59&atom=%2Fbmj%2F326%2F7397%2F1005.atom
Cathepsins B and D drive hepatic stellate cell proliferation and promote their fibrogenic potential
Authors: Anna Moles, Núria Tarrats, José C. Fernández-Checa, Montserrat Marí
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Cathepsins have been best characterized in tumorigenesis and cell death and implicated in liver fibrosis; however, whether cathepsins directly regulate hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and proliferation, hence modulating their fibrogenic potential, is largely unknown. Here, we show that expression of cathepsin B (CtsB) and cathepsin D (CtsD) is negligible in quiescent HSCs but parallels the increase of alpha-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-beta during in vitro mouse HSC activation. Both cathepsins are necessary for HSC transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, because their silencing or inhibition decreased HSC proliferation and the expression of phenotypic markers of HSC activation, with similar results observed with the human HSC cell line LX2. CtsB inhibition blunted AKT phosphorylation in activated HSCs in response to platelet-derived growth factor. Moreover, during in vivo liver fibrogenesis caused by CCl(4) administration, CtsB expression increased in HSCs but not in hepatocytes, and its inactivation mitigated CCl(4)-induced inflammation, HSC activation, and collagen deposition.These findings support a critical role for cathepsins in HSC activation, suggesting that the antagonism of cathepsins in HSCs may be of relevance for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Comparison of the Profiles of Postoperative Systemic Hemodynamics and Oxygen Transport in Neonates After the Hybrid or the Norwood Procedure: A Pilot Study”
Authors: Jia Li, Gencheng Zhang, Lee Benson, Helen Holtby, Sally Cai, Tilman Humpl, Glen S. Van Arsdell, Andrew N. Redington, Christopher A. Caldarone
Journal: Circulation (2008)