tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exploring the biological mechanisms of thymic stromal lymphopoietin
Authors: A. Sonesson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Exploring the biological mechanisms of thymic stromal lymphopoietin Get access A. Sonesson A. Sonesson Division of Dermatology and Venereology Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Biomedical center B14 Tornavägen 10 SE 221 84 Lund Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 4, 1 April 2015, Page 848, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13594 Published: 01 April 2015
Aggregating Human Platelets Stimulate Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Through a Synergistic Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-β <sub>1</sub> and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor <sub>AB</sub>
Authors: Nicola Kronemann, Anne Bouloumié, Steffen Bassus, Carl M. Kirchmaier, Rudi Busse, Valérie B. Schini-Kerth
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an endothelial mitogen and chemoattractant, has been implicated in the recovery of the endothelium after balloon injury. The increased expression of VEGF in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) at sites of injury suggests that this cell type may be a major cellular source of VEGF. This study examined whether aggregating platelets stimulate VEGF expression in cultured SMC. Methods and Results —VEGF expression in SMC was assessed by Northern blot analysis and by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction and the release of VEGF by Western blot analysis and immunoassay. Platelet-derived products (PDP) released by aggregating human platelets time-dependently and concentration-dependently enhanced VEGF mRNA levels, mainly that coding for the soluble splice variant VEGF 165/164 , and stimulated the release of VEGF protein. These effects were potentiated by transient acidification of PDP, which release bioactive transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1 , and mimicked by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) AB and TGF-β 1 in a synergistic manner. Both a TGF-β–neutralizing antibody and a PDGF-neutralizing antibody significantly attenuated the effect of acidified PDP on VEGF production. Conclusions —Aggregating human platelets induce VEGF mRNA expression in cultured SMC and the subsequent release of VEGF protein. This effect can be attributed to a supra-additive action of PDGF AB and TGF-β 1 and may represent a novel mechanism by which platelets contribute to the recovery of the endothelial lining at sites of balloon-injured arteries.
The Archives of Surgery, New England Surgical Society, and JAMA
Authors: Arthur E. Baue
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The April issue of theArchives of Surgeryfeatures publication of the annual program of the New England Surgical Society (NESS). This initiates a formal relationship of the society and the journal that will bring the new and exciting developments in surgery from medical centers in the six New England states to our readers. Also, in April, the<i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i>is calling attention to theArchives of Surgery, one of the nine specialty journals in the American Medical Associations' (AMA) family of publications. This emphasizes the collegiality and strengths that emanate from these relationships and the continuing dedication of the AMA to education. The addition of the NESS to the organizations associated with theArchivesprovides representation from the breadth of the country, from New England to the West—the Western Surgical Association and Southern California. The March issue of theArchives of Surgeryincluded the best
Authors' reply to Taylor
Authors: G. Lyratzopoulos, J. Wardle, G. Rubin
Journal: BMJ (2015)

We argued that multiple pre-referral consultations have a range of underlying causes, beyond the clinical reasoning skills of individual doctors.1 2 We therefore agree with Taylor that for some patients multiple pre-referral consultations will be generated by guideline concordant expectant management or investigations.3 

Repeat consultations are nonetheless associated …
PERONEAL NERVE PALSY SEEN IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY
Authors: EDWARD MASON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

Four cases of peroneal palsy have been reported. One occurred 2 months after the cessation of ECT so that the role of ECT in its etiology is difficult to evaluate. Another occurred in a diabetic and the role of the diabetes has to be considered with the ECT. The other 2 cases appear to be free of extraneous factors. All of these patients were in poor nutrition, were inactive and were in the age group where arteriosclerosis is often seen. These factors have been indicated as playing a role in the development of peroneal palsies. However, the role of electroconvulsive treatments in the etiology of these peroneal palsies cannot be neglected and should be considered as a complication of ECT in older patients who have been depressed, immobile, and in poor nutrition.
Photothermal-chemotherapy with doxorubicin-loaded hollow gold nanospheres: A platform for near-infrared light-trigged drug release
Authors: Jian You, Rui Zhang, Guodong Zhang, Meng Zhong, Yang Liu, Carolyn S. Van Pelt, Dong Liang, Wei Wei, Anil K. Sood, Chun Li
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
The Pharmaceutical Industry — To Whom is It Accountable?
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The pharmaceutical industry is under mounting scrutiny because of rapidly increasing expenditures for drugs in the United States. Drug expenditures are now the fastest-growing component of health care costs, increasing at the rate of about 15 percent per year.1,2 They account for about 8 percent of health care spending, and at their current rate of increase, they will soon surpass spending for physicians' services and, for many health maintenance organizations (HMOs), the costs of hospitalization. The increase is due both to a greater use of drugs and to higher prices for individual drugs. Patients feel drug costs keenly, because . . .
Amebic Abscess of the Liver
Authors: Emerson H. Drake, Thomas A. Warthin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE problem of late complications of disease acquired by military personnel in distant parts of the earth is now facing the medical profession throughout the United States. In all probability it will continue to do so for some years to come. In the six-month period from November 1, 1946, to May 1, 1947, at the Veterans Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, 6 patients were treated for amebic liver disease secondary to amebiasis acquired while on overseas duty one or two years before. It seems likely that, with the long delay that may take place between the initial infection and the . . .
Book Review NO: A novel By Carl Djerassi. 276 pp. Athens, University of Georgia Press, 1998. $24.95. 0-8203-2032-3 The White Life By Michael Stein. 176 pp. Sag Harbor, N.Y., Permanent Press, 1999. $22.00. 1-57962-022-1
Authors: Rita Charon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)
Hospital bed utilisation in the NHS and Kaiser Permanente
Authors: Mark L Mallet
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Background</h3> Malaysia is facing an increasing burden of childhood injuries, not unlike many other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Across the globe, more than 95 percent of total child injury mortality occurs in LMICs. A considerable proportion of these injuries occur in and around the home. Effective approaches to prevention include home safety education, parenting education and home modification. Through this study, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of two intervention strategies in reducing in-home hazards for unintentional injuries among children. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a prospective cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) to compare the effectiveness of an in-home safety tutorial program and an educational pamphlet intervention in reducing safety hazards to child injuries. The study randomized 39 clusters to two study arms (home safety tutorial vs educational pamphlet), with around 30 households per cluster. Our exposure and outcome were assessed using a household survey instrument with self-reported and observer-reported components. <h3>Results</h3> Our initial analysis is a comparison of overall safety scores across the baseline arm that found a mean safety score of 30 of a maximum possible 45 (translating to a mean percentage of 66.7%), with improvement on average in both intervention arms. The overall safety score mean for educational pamphlets was 32.3 with a mean percentage of 71.7%, and the corresponding numbers for the in-home tutorial were 31.8 and 71%. <h3>Discussion</h3> This study compares a labor-intensive and ‘active’ intervention, the in-home safety tutorial, with a more passive intervention through handing out educational pamphlets. In our preliminary findings from the cRCT, we see an improvement in the mean safety scores between baseline and follow-up measurement in both intervention arms; between the two intervention arms, the safety scores are comparable. We believe that educational pamphlets can be an effective intervention to reduce child injuries, with particular relevance to resource-constrained settings.
Is Type II Diabetes Associated With an Increased Risk of Cognitive Dysfunction?: A critical review of published studies
Authors: Mark W J Strachan, Ian J Deary, Fiona M E Ewing, Brian M Frier
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes may be associated with impaired cognitive function. A detailed search of the literature has identified 19 controlled studies in which cognitive function in type II diabetes has been examined. The studies vary widely with respect to the nature of the diabetic populations studied and the psychological tests used. Thirteen studies demonstrated that the diabetic individuals performed more poorly in at least one aspect of cognitive function. The most commonly affected cognitive ability was verbal memory. Psychomotor ability and frontal lobe function were affected less consistently. The remaining six studies showed no differences in cognitive ability between subjects with type II diabetes and nondiabetic control subjects, but none had adequate statistical power to detect a between-group difference in cognitive ability of 0.5 of a standard deviation (a medium effect size). These findings are consistent with type II diabetes being associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. However, the widespread differences in methodology between the studies should lead to a cautious interpretation of their conclusions. The etiology of any cognitive decrement in type II diabetes is likely to result from an interaction between metabolic abnormalities intrinsic to diabetes, diabetes-specific complications, and other diabetes-related disorders.
Use of Procaine Penicillin in Children
Authors: J. L. Emery, S. M. Stewart, D. G. H. Stone
Journal: BMJ (1949)

contracted the disease.However, in view of the occurrence of enzootic icterus in sheep from copper poisoning, the possibility of overdosage with copper in man -must be borne in mind.Summary Campbell et al. have recorded a striking incidence of disseminated sclerosis among workers engaged on research into swayback disease.In South Africa disseminated sclerosis is very uncommon.So also is swayback disease; and except in those small areas where it occurs the copper content of the soil is high.Further- more, treatment with copper is well known to be an effective means of preventing the disease and also of treating it.It is therefore suggested that copper therapy of established cases be given a trial.
Relationship between the hepatic venous pressure gradient and first variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis: a multicenter retrospective study in Korea
Authors: Jin Nyoung Kim, Kyoung Min Sohn, Moon Young Kim, Ki Tae Suk, Soung Won Jeong, Ho Eun Jung, Sae Hwan Lee, Sang Gyune Kim, Jae Young Jang, Young Seok Kim, Soon Koo Baik, Hong Soo Kim, Dong Joon Kim, Boo Sung Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2012)

Background/Aims Variceal hemorrhage is one of the major complications of cirrhosis and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The development of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage is the most direct consequence of portal hypertension. Correlations between the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and first variceal hemorrhage were examined. Methods Patients with cirrhosis who underwent HVPG measurement between July 2009 and September 2010 were enrolled (n=535). All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy to enable the evaluation of gastroesophageal varices. Results The HVPG for all patients was 16.46±7.05 mmHg (mean±SD), and was significantly higher among those with first variceal hemorrhage than in those without it. The HVPG was significantly correlated with both Child-Turcotte-Pugh (r=0.488, P<0.001) and Model for End-stage Liver Disease (r=0.478, P<0.001) scores. An HVPG value of 11 mmHg was predictive of first variceal hemorrhage with a sensitivity of 92.4% and a specificity of 27.7%. Conclusions The HVPG was higher in patients with first variceal hemorrhage than in those without it. Keywords: Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG); Variceal hemorrhage
Disrupted homeostasis of Langerhans cells and interdigitating dendritic cells in monkeys with AIDS
Authors: Michael I. Zimmer, Adriana T. Larregina, Cielo M. Castillo, Saverio Capuano, Louis D. Falo, Michael Murphey-Corb, Todd A. Reinhart, Simon M. Barratt-Boyes
Journal: Blood (2002)
Predicting Short-term Mortality From Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Carlos A. Reyes-Ortiz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Dr Normand and colleagues 1 studied mortality from MI in elderly patients and found that 67% of the variability in 30-day mortality rates remained unexplained after controlling for admission severity. However, mortality from MI is affected by psychosocial factors, as well as biological risk factors. Including these other factors in research might explain part of the variability in mortality rates.  Studies show that psychosocial factors contribute to postinfarction prognosis. Frasure-Smith et al 2 found that major depression in patients hospitalized following an MI was an independent risk for mortality at 6 months, and its impact was equivalent to that of left ventricular dysfunction (Killip class) and history of previous MI. In another study, Case et al 3 found that living alone was an independent prognostic risk factor after MI when compared with other risk factors, and the rate of cardiac disease in those living alone was high (12.4%) and similar
The palliative role of orthopaedics
Authors: Wisam I Al-Hakim, Jacub M Jagiello, Ken Mannan, Tim W Briggs
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Palliative care for patients with cancer is well established and provides important benefits. Orthopaedic interventions in terminal care are, however, underused in the United Kingdom, despite the fact that conditions that are amenable to orthopaedic intervention occur often in the terminal stages of cancer. Though the evidence base for many orthopaedic palliative interventions is not strong, since there are no trials, clinical experience and expert consensus opinion1 suggest that such interventions can ease the pain and comfort of terminally ill cancer patients with pathological fractures and other musculoskeletal effects of malignancy.
Morphea in Adults and Children Cohort III
Authors: Jennifer Warner Dharamsi, Sandra Victor, Nancy Aguwa, Chul Ahn, Frank Arnett, Maureen D. Mayes, Heidi Jacobe
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Small studies have implicated the association of specific autoantibodies with morphea subtype or severity, but no large-scale studies have been conducted. This prospective case-control study confirmed the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and other autoantibodies in morphea but found they are of limited significance.To determine the prevalence of ANAs, extractable nuclear antigens such as antihistone antibodies (AHAs), and anti-single-stranded DNA antibodies (ssDNA abs) in patients with morphea vs a healthy control population and their association with clinical measures of morphea severity.Nested case-control study, conducted at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston. Study participants included individuals enrolled in the Morphea in Adults and Children (MAC) cohort and Scleroderma Family Registry and DNA Repository.Prevalence of ANAs, AHAs, ssDNA abs in patients with morphea vs matched controls and association of the presence of autoantibodies with clinical indicators of morphea severity.The prevalence of ANAs, AHAs, and ssDNA abs in patients with morphea was 34%, 12%, and 8%, respectively. Antinuclear antibodies and AHAs, but not ssDNA abs, were present more frequently in cases than in controls. There was no difference in ANA prevalence among morphea subtypes. Among patients with linear morphea, the presence of autoantibodies was associated with clinical indicators of severe morphea including functional limitation (ssDNA ab, P = .005; and AHA, P = .006), extensive body surface area involvement (ssDNA ab, P = .01; and ANA, P = .005), and higher skin scores (ANA, P = .004). The presence of autoantibodies was not associated with clinical measures of morphea activity.Our results demonstrate that ANAs and AHAs are more prevalent among patients with morphea but are of limited clinical utility except in linear morphea, where their presence, although infrequent, is associated with greater lesion burden and functional impairment.
How are the physical and chemical properties of chrysotile asbestos altered by a 10-year residence in water and up to 5 days in simulated stomach acid?
Authors: K Seshan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Although there have been a number of studies on the ingestion of asbestos, few studies exist on how the chrysotile asbestos itself is altered by the exposure to the acid stomach environment. This study has found that there are changes in the physical, chemical and surface properties of chrysotile asbestos as a result of exposure to water, strong acids, and simulated gastric juices. It was observed that the charge on the surface (the zeta potential) is changed from positive to negative; the surface becomes silicalike; and the magnesium is lost from the fibers of asbestos upon exposure to water and acid. It was also noted that the smaller the fiber diameter, the faster the loss of the magnesium. Notable among the changes in physical properties is a change in the refractive index. This means that asbestos exposed to acids or water may not be detectable using the dispersion staining techniques that identify asbestos based on the refractive index. Other physical property changes include the destruction of the gross crystallinity of the fibers. The x-ray diffraction signal disappears when fibers are exposed to acid. However, this study shows that the fibers may still be detected by electron diffraction. It appears that upon acid exposure, the magnesium ions are leached out, leaving a magnesium-free silica network. A positive ion, possibly the proton (H+) or the hydronium ion (H3O+), replaces the lost magnesium ion.
Effects of Ambient Coarse, Fine, and Ultrafine Particles and Their Biological Constituents on Systemic Biomarkers: A Controlled Human Exposure Study
Authors: Ling Liu, Bruce Urch, Raymond Poon, Mieczyslaw Szyszkowicz, Mary Speck, Diane R. Gold, Amanda J. Wheeler, James A. Scott, Jeffrey R. Brook, Peter S. Thorne, Frances S. Silverman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

BackgroundAmbient coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles have been associated with mortality and morbidity. Few studies have compared how various particle size fractions affect systemic biomarkers.ObjectivesWe examined changes of blood and urinary biomarkers following exposures to three particle sizes.MethodsFifty healthy nonsmoking volunteers, mean age of 28 years, were exposed to coarse (2.5–10 μm; mean, 213 μg/m3) and fine (0.15–2.5 μm; mean, 238 μg/m3) concentrated ambient particles (CAPs), and filtered ambient and/or medical air. Twenty-five participants were exposed to ultrafine CAP (< 0.3 μm; mean, 136 μg/m3) and filtered medical air. Exposures lasted 130 min, separated by ≥ 2 weeks. Blood/urine samples were collected preexposure and 1 hr and 21 hr postexposure to determine blood interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein (inflammation), endothelin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; vascular mediators), and malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation); as well as urinary VEGF, 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine (DNA oxidation), and malondialdehyde. Mixed-model regressions assessed pre- and postexposure differences.ResultsOne hour postexposure, for every 100-μg/m3 increase, coarse CAP was associated with increased blood VEGF (2.41 pg/mL; 95% CI: 0.41, 4.40) in models adjusted for O3, fine CAP with increased urinary malondialdehyde in single- (0.31 nmol/mg creatinine; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.60) and two-pollutant models, and ultrafine CAP with increased urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in single- (0.69 ng/mg creatinine; 95% CI: 0.09, 1.29) and two-pollutant models, lasting < 21 hr. Endotoxin was significantly associated with biomarker changes similar to those found with CAPs.ConclusionsAmbient particles with various sizes/constituents may influence systemic biomarkers differently. Endotoxin in ambient particles may contribute to vascular mediator changes and oxidative stress.CitationLiu L, Urch B, Poon R, Szyszkowicz M, Speck M, Gold DR, Wheeler AJ, Scott JA, Brook JR, Thorne PS, Silverman FS. 2015. Effects of ambient coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles and their biological constituents on systemic biomarkers: a controlled human exposure study. Environ Health Perspect 123:534–540; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408387
Fiber-specific molecular features of tumors induced in rat peritoneum.
Authors: K Unfried, M Roller, F Pott, J Friemann, W Dehnen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Molecular markers such as mutational spectra or mRNA expression patterns may give some indication of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis induced by fibers and other carcinogens. In our study, tumors were induced by application of crocidolite asbestos or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) to rat peritoneum. DNA and RNA of these tumors were subjected to analysis of point mutations and to investigation of mRNA expression patterns. With both assays we found typical features depending on the type of carcinogen applied. The analysis of point mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53 revealed mutations in the B[a]P-induced tumors. However, in the tumors induced by crocidolite asbestos that were of the same tumor type as those induced by B[a]P, mutations in p53 were not detectable. Every mutation detected on the DNA level causes an amino acid substitution within one of the functional domains of the tumor suppressor protein. Therefore, these mutations seem to be of biological relevance for tumor progression and indicate a difference in the carcinogenesis regarding the type of the carcinogenic substance. An additional specificity of crocidolite-induced tumors was detectable by analyzing the mRNA expression of the tumor suppressor gene WT1, which is known to be expressed in human mesothelial and mesothelioma cells. A relatively high amount of WT1 mRNA was measured by quantitative competitive reverse transcription-polymerase using RNA extracted from crocidolite-induced tumors. However, WT1 seems to be expressed on a rather low level in tumors induced by B[a]P.
Neural circular RNAs are derived from synaptic genes and regulated by development and plasticity
Authors: Xintian You, Irena Vlatkovic, Ana Babic, Tristan Will, Irina Epstein, Georgi Tushev, Güney Akbalik, Mantian Wang, Caspar Glock, Claudia Quedenau, Xi Wang, Jingyi Hou, Hongyu Liu, Wei Sun, Sivakumar Sambandan, Tao Chen, Erin M Schuman, Wei Chen
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)