tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Women may ovulate two or three times a month
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The conventional belief that women ovulate once a month is wrong, say Canadian researchers who have found that women can potentially ovulate two or even three times a month.​month.




Figure 1





Micrograph of a mature ovarian follicle. Ultrasound scans on 63 women found that they all had at least two waves of follicular development

Credit: ASTRID AND HANS-FRIEDLER MICHLER/SPL




The research, published in the journal Fertility and Sterility (2003;80: 116-22 [PubMed]), could explain why the “rhythm” method of contraception is so unreliable and why women who take hormonal contraceptives sometimes become pregnant.

Researchers from the University of Saskatchewan did daily ultrasound scans on 63 women who apparently had normal menstrual cycles. Some were nulliparous; others had had up to three children. They found that all of the women produced at least two waves of follicular development. The existing theory held that at the beginning of each menstrual cycle, 15 to 20 follicles begin to grow in the ovaries and that one of them develops into a mature egg at roughly the middle of the cycle.

Current scanning techniques can detect follicles but cannot reveal the much smaller egg itself, so it is unknown whether any of the women actually ovulated twice.

Dr Roger Pierson, director of the reproductive biology research unit at the University of Saskatchewan, who led the study, said 40% of the subjects had the clear biological potential to produce more than one egg in a single month. Moreover, they could be fertile at any time of the month.

“This really isn't the result we expected, and if it's confirmed we'll have to rewrite the textbooks,” he said. “It explains why natural family planning often doesn't work, why hormonal contraception sometimes fails, and why we see fraternal twins with different conception dates.”

The findings open the prospect of new approaches to contraception and assisted reproduction, Dr Pierson says. Women who take drugs to harvest eggs for in vitro fertilisation could potentially yield many more oocytes in a given month. The study also calls into question the rationale for including a week of placebo pills in a monthly cycle of oral contraceptives.

Professor Robert Winston, head of the department of reproductive medicine at the Hammersmith Hospital in London, said the findings were “logical and not altogether surprising.”
Fortnightly review: Aggressive behaviour in childhood
Authors: S. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Increasing numbers of children who behave in a defiant and aggressive way are being excluded from school.Outside school the victims of these children's aggression have included young children and elderly people.At the extreme, two children recently convicted of murder in England were only 10 years old.Often these children are portrayed as inexplicably "evil" or "possessed."In fact a great deal is known about the factors leading to such behaviour, and how to prevent it. 1 MethodMany thousands of articles have been written about human aggression, in disciplines as varied as molecular genetics, endocrinology, ethology, social anthropology, education, criminology, and town planning.It would be impossible to review them all.This article is based on personal reading, mainly in psychology, psychiatry, and medicine. Clinical manifestationsConduct disorder is the commonest psychiatric disorder of childhood, occurring in 4% of a rural population and 9% of an urban one. 2Three times as many boys as girls are affected.In younger children conduct disorder is characterised by temper tantrums, hitting and kicking people, destruction of property, disobeying rules, lying, stealing, and spitefulness.In adolescence it may include bullying and intimidation of others, frequent fighting, carrying and sometimes using a knife, cruelty to people or animals, more serious stealing, mugging, extensive drug misuse, truanting from school, running away from home, and arson.The children are not usually content and well adjusted.Typically they have low self esteem and believe they are bad, often showing marked misery and unhappiness.Their ability to get on with their lives is impaired.A third have specific reading retardation (dyslexia), defined as being two standard deviations below the mean on a reading test after allowing for IQ. 3 They lack the social skills to maintain friendships and are rather isolated.
Abstract 3590: Reduced Coronary Flow Reserve is a Predictor of Cardiac Events in Patients with Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy as well as in those with Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Hitoshi Takano, Morimasa Takayama, Eisei Yamamoto, Shuji Kawashima, Nobuhiko Fujita, Gen Takagi, Satoshi Aoki, Kuniya Asai, Masahiro Yasutake, Teruo Takano
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: To elucidate the significance of impaired microcirculation in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), we examined the relationship between clinical outcome and coronary flow reserve (CFR) i...
Abstract 283: Barriers to Calling 911 and Performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in High-Risk Neighborhoods in Denver
Authors: Comilla Sasson, Lorenzo Ramirez, Mandy Medrano, Christopher Medina, Beverly Tafoya-Dominguez, Ariann Nassel, Ricardo Padilla
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Previous research in Denver, CO identified five high-risk neighborhoods where the incidence of OHCA (out-of-hospital cardiac arrest) is high and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is low. The neighborhoods are comprised primarily of Latino and African-American residents with a median household income of &lt;$35,000. Objectives: 1) To identify barriers to calling 911 and performing CPR neighborhoods in Denver’s high-risk neighborhoods. 2) To understand people’s familiarity with and opinions about hands-only CPR as compared to traditional CPR. Methods: Six focus groups and nine key informant interviews were conducted between August 2011 and March 2012 the five high-risk Denver neighborhoods. We utilized purposeful and snowball sampling to recruit 64 participants. A qualitative study design using grounded theory was used to develop codes, categories and themes in an iterative process. The focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Two reviewers independently read through each transcript and developed a conceptual framework. Results: Demographics of the participants are listed in Table 1. Six main thematic areas were identified as barriers to calling 911 for residents: cost incurred by victim/victim’s family, undocumented status, fear of getting involved, unsure of what an emergency situation is, language barriers, and cultural issues. Eight main thematic areas were identified as barriers to performing CPR: legal ramifications, fear of doing CPR incorrectly, fear of breathing into someone else’s mouth, fear of hurting victims, being too old to do effective CPR, panic, undocumented status and a lack of resources on CPR in Spanish. Conclusion: We identified significant cultural and language barriers to calling 911 and performing CPR. Future work will be conducted with residents from these neighborhoods to design and implement a community-based intervention that will overcome these barriers.
Norwalk-Like Virus–Associated Gastroenteritis in a Large, High-Density Encampment—Virginia, July 2001
Authors: J E Cheek, P Young, L Branch, K M Dupnik, S T Kelly, J M Sharp, D M Toney, J S Bresee, S S Monroe, R S Beard, S Bulens, R Leman
Journal: JAMA (2002)
Abstract 2795: Parvovirus B19 in the Myocardium of Pediatric Cardiac Transplant Patients is Associated With Transplant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: John P Breinholt, Mousumi Moulik, Corey M Gates, Karla R Bowles, Erin O Blank, Jeathrina Bersola, Brandy A Harbes, Sarah K Clunie, Debra L Kearney, Neil E Bowles, Jeffrey A Towbin
Journal: Circulation (2006)
The challenge of improving risk assessment in asymptomatic individuals: the additive prognostic value of electron beam tomography?∗∗Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Leslee J Shaw, Robert A O’Rourke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Abstract 2233: Biobehavioral Factors and Heart Failure Medication Adherence
Authors: Rebecca A Gary, Judith M Robinson, Patricia C Clark, Frances McCarty, Andrew L Smith, Sandra B Dunbar
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Medication adherence in heart failure (HF) patients reduces hospitalizations and improves outcomes, yet it is variable. This study evaluated adherence rates and associated biobehavioral factors for two HF medications using objective (Medication Event Monitoring System; MEMS) and self-report approaches. Methods: The sample (n = 87) was primarily male (64.4%), Black (64.7%), NYHA class II (71%), married (56.9%) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 26.6±14.2, age 55.5±10.4 years. Adherence for a HF medication and diuretic was monitored for 19.6 ±5.7 days using the MEMS. Relationships among clinical variables (NYHA class, LVEF, six-minute walk test [6MWT]; objective (MEMs) and self-reported (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale) medication adherence; medication self-efficacy (Perceived Self-Efficacy [SE] for Medication Compliance); medication taking self-regulation (Treatment Self-Regulation for Medication Taking); and HF knowledge (HF Knowledge Questionnaire) were analyzed using correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Adherence was 85.42% for the HF medication (n=74) and 83.42% (n=67) for daily diuretic. MEMS and Morisky scores were correlated for the HF medication (r=.389, p=.002) and diuretic (r=.392, p=.002). Medication SE was related to adherence for HF medication (r=.283, p=.025) and diuretic (r=.294, p=.028). Higher HF Knowledge Questionnaire scores were related to greater adherence for the HF medication (r=.316, p=.012) and diuretic (r=.359, p=.007). The model (marital status, HF knowledge, medication SE and 6MWT) yielded adj. R 2 =.26 (F =6.7, p&lt;.001;) with medication SE (p&lt;.001) and 6MWT (p=.053) as independent predictors of medication adherence. Clinical, demographic and medication self-regulation variables were not significant. Conclusions: Medication adherence in HF patients is related to modifiable factors of medication self-efficacy and HF knowledge. Improving medication self-efficacy, knowledge and showing patients tangible evidence of improvement in physical function such as increased 6MWT distance may lead to enhanced medication adherence.
Abstract 2356: Dual Antiplatelet Therapy following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Stent Implantation in Patients on Chronic Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: Renata Rogacka, Alaide Chieffo, Iassen Michev, Flavio Airoldi, Azeem Latib, John Cosgrave, Matteo Montorfano, Mauro Carlino, Massimo G Sangiorgi, Alfredo Castelli, Valeria Magni, Cosmo Godino, Tiziana Aranzulla, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objectives: To evaluate the safety of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients in whom long-term anticoagulation (AC) with warfarin is recommended. Background: It is well established that antiplatelet therapy with aspirin ad thienopiridines is required following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation. Some patients have also indication for long-term AC. The optimal antithrombotic strategy following PCI in such patients is unclear. Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent PCI with stent implantation discharged on triple therapy (defined as the combination of aspirin and thienopyridines and AC with warfarin) were analyzed. Results One-hundred and twenty-seven patients with 224 lesions: 86.6% males, mean age 69.9±8.8 years were included in the study. Drug-eluting stents (DES) were positioned in 71 (55.9%) and bare metal stent (BMS) in 53 (41.7%) patients. Atrial fibrillation (AF) was the main indication (59.1%) for AC treatment, followed by prosthetic valves (12.4%) and mural left ventricular (LV) thrombus (9.1%). Average risk of thromboembolic events in the subgroup with AF was 1.79 ± 1.23 according to CHADS2 score. The mean triple therapy duration was 5.6±4.6 and clinical follow-up 21.0±19.8 months. During the triple therapy period, 6 patients (4.7%) developed major bleeding complications; 67% of which occurred within the first month. No significant differences between DES and BMS were observed in the incidence of major (respectively 5.6% vs. 3.8%, p=1.0) and minor bleeding (respectively 1.4% vs. 3.8%, p=0.57) and mortality (respectively 5.6% vs. 1.9%, p=0.39). Four patients died in DES group: 3 of major bleeding complications and one of ischemic stroke. The only death in the BMS group was due to subarachnoid hemorrhage. A significant difference was observed in favor of DES in target vessel revascularization (14.1% vs. 28.3%, p=0.041). Conclusions: While on triple therapy, major bleeding complications occurred in 4.7% of patients, half of them were lethal and most (67%) occurred within the first month.
Re-audit of the screening protocol for cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) in an adult centre
Authors: Verma A, ClaridgeA, HavelockT, BiestyJ, McMennaD
Journal: Thorax (2002)

Times Cited: 0Meeting AbstractEnglishS63Cited References Count: 3624PMBRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLANDLONDONSuppl. 3
Abstract 14883: Post-Ablation Silent Cerebral Lesions - Long-term Follow-Up Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Thomas Deneke, Dong-In Shin, Osman Balta, Kathrin Bunz, Frank Fassbender, Andreas Mugge, Helge Anders, Marcus Passler, Sinthu Karthikapallil, Conchita Ruiz, Martin Bansmann
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is complicated by cerebral emboli resulting in acute ischemia. Recently, silent cerebral lesions (SCL) have been identified with Diffusion-...
Abstract 21453: Disordered Iron Homeostasis in Chronic Heart Failure and its Relation to Anemia, Exercise Capacity and Survival
Authors: Amit K Mandal, Constantinous G Missouris, Robert M Slater, Philip A Poole-Wilson, Darlington O Okonko
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Iron deficiency is an emerging therapeutic target in chronic heart failure (CHF). To date, no analysis has comprehensively delineated iron metabolism and its ramifications in this cohor...
Abstract 14719: Wasted Work Fraction - A Novel Method For Assessing Dyssynchrony In Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Kristoffer Russell, Morten Eriksen, Lars Aaberge, Nils Wilhelmsen, Espen W Remme, Helge Skulstad, Ola Gjesdahl, Anders Opdahl, Erik Kongsgaard, Thor Edvardsen, Otto A Smiseth
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: In patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) left ventricular (LV) late activated segments are stretched initially by the contraction of early activated segments and early activated...
Abstract 11201: Elevated Ratio of Placental Growth Factor to Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 Predicts an Adverse Outcome in Patients with Chronic Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: takaki matsumoto, Shiro Uemura, Masaru Matsui, Ayako Senoo, Yukiji Takeda, Kenji Onoue, Manabu Horii, Yoshihiko Saito
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Placental growth factor (PlGF) and its endogenous inhibitor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), play an important role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease. We re...
Abstract 13066: Targeting of Heterocellular Coupling in Fibrotic Neonatal Rat Myocardial Cultures by Lentiviral Connexin43 Knockdown is Anti-Arrhythmic
Authors: Saïd Askar, Brian O Bingen, Jim Swildens, Dirk L Ypey, Arnoud van der Laarse, Douwe E Atsma, Antoine A de Vries, Martin J Schalij, Daniël A Pijnappels
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objective: Cardiac fibrosis is associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias, while treatment of these arrhythmias is suboptimal and underlying pro-arrhythmic mechanisms are still incomp...
Hospital-Associated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections
Authors: Kathleen Harriman, Lisa Brosseau, Kavita Trivedi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

To the Editor: Assiri et al. (Aug. 1 issue)1 provide valuable information about a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. However, the authors do not describe the infection-control measures used in the hospital, and they do not discuss the possibility of aerosol transmission of MERS-CoV, a coronavirus similar to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARSCoV). MERS-CoV can cause severe or fatal disease, and there is no prophylaxis or specific treatment. If the form of transmission is not understood, health care professionals should adhere to the precautionary principle that reasonable steps to reduce risk should not await scientific certainty. It is for this reason that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended airborne precautions (the use of respirators rather than surgical masks), in addition to standard and contact precautions, for all patients with MERS-CoV. There is evidence that SARS-CoV was transmitted by respiratory aerosols,2-4 and surgical masks do not provide adequate protection against inhalation of aerosols.5 Health care workers have already been infected with MERS-CoV. It would be prudent for hospitals with the resources to do so to provide a higher level of protection (i.e., respirators) for their health care workers. Kathleen Harriman, Ph.D., M.P.H.
Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac resynchronization therapy: ready for routine clinical use?
Authors: Jeroen J Bax, Gerardo Ansalone, Ole A Breithardt, Genevieve Derumeaux, Christophe Leclercq, Martin J Schalij, Peter Sogaard, Martin St. John Sutton, Petros Nihoyannopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Abstract 9505: Short-Term Statin Therapy Improves Murine Deep Venous Thrombosis Resolution While Reducing Thrombus Inflammation: An in vivo Multi-Targeted Imaging Study
Authors: Jin Won Kim, Brian Thompson, Chase W. Kessinger, Peter K. Henke, Jason R. McCarthy, Charles P. Lin, Farouc A. Jaffer
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Improving DVT resolution may limit the development of the post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Utilizing confocal intravital fluorescence microscopy (IVFM), we investigated the in vivo effec...
Abstract A91: IKBKE signaling in pancreatic tumorigenesis
Authors: Mihir Rajurkar, Junhao Mao
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Oncogenic activation of Kras is an important event in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), that leads to activation of multiple signaling pathways. Although Kras is conceptually an attractive therapeutic target for PDAC, attempts made to target Kras using small molecules have been mostly unsuccessful. Another approach in treating pancreatic cancer is to target downstream effectors of Kras. We have previously shown that non-canonical activity of the Gli transcription factors downstream of Kras is required for the initiation and progression of pancreatic tumors, and that Gli drives a unique pancreas specific transcriptional program in the context of oncogenic Kras. Here, we demonstrate that the IkB Kinase Epsilon (IKBKE) is a novel transcriptional target of Gli that is essential for pancreatic transformation. Using genetically modified mouse models, we show that IKBKE activity, while dispensable for pancreatic development, is required for oncogenic transformation in the pancreas. We find that the genetic knockout of IKBKE leads to a dramatic inhibition of initiation and progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) precursor lesions in mice carrying pancreas specific activation of oncogenic Kras. Furthermore, we find that although IKBKE is a known NF-kB activator, it only modestly regulates NF-kB activity in PDAC. In contrast we find that IKBKE strongly promotes Akt phosphorylation in PDAC in vitro and in vivo, indicating that this may be the primary mechanism of IKBKE induced tumorigenesis. Our findings support the evaluation of IKBKE as a novel therapeutic target in treatment of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Mihir Rajurkar, Junhao Mao. IKBKE signaling in pancreatic tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A91.
Transarterial ethanol ablation of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with lipiodol-ethanol mixture (LEM): A phase II study
Authors: S. C. Yu, E. P. Hui, J. Wong, F. Mo, S. S. Ho, Y. Y. Wong, K. F. Lee, P. Lai, W. Yeo, T. S. Mok
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

14054 Background: Transarterial ablation with lipiodol-ethanol mixture (LEM) induced potent dual embolization of arterioles and portal venules in preclinical studies, and extensive tumor necrosis in clinical studies. It is potentially an effective treatment and a better alternative to chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The authors aim to study the safety and efficacy of this treatment. Methods: Unresectable HCC diagnosed by histology or viral serology + AFP &gt; 500 ug/l + typical imaging; bilirubin ≤ 30 umol/l; hypervascular tumor on CT / angiogram, no vascular invasion or extrahepatic spread. LEM with Lipiodol and ethanol mixed in ratio of 2:1 by volume was infused transarterially into tumor vasculature by superselective catheterization of tumor feeders at a subsegmental level under fluoroscopy until flow stagnation. Adverse events (AE) graded by NCI-CTC V2.0. Tumor response monitored by CT scan q3m. LEM repeated for residual enhancing lesion or intrahepatic progression on CT scan. Primary endpoint was response rate. Secondary endpoints: toxicity and survival. Results: From 7/2001 to 4/2005, 77 pts enrolled. Age 28–85 (median 64). M:F=60:17. ECOG 0=68; 1=9. Cirrhosis 92%. HBV 77%, HCV 14%, alcohol 4%. Child A 88%, B 12%. Okuda A 73%, B 27%. Histology confirmed in 78%. 39% had previous treatment. Median tumor size 4.5cm (range 1.5–15cm); Number of lesions: One (58), Two (14), Three (5). Best tumor response (WHO criteria): CR 0%, PR 43%, MR 36%, SD 17%, PD 4%. Patients received 1 to 8 LEM treatments (mean 2.2). Mean hospital stay 2.7 days (range 2 -15). Significant AEs are shown in the table. Fever in 15% for mean duration of 3.1 days. After a median follow-up of 1.65 yr, 23 pts died. One year survival 77%. 3 pts had tumor resection after downstage by LEM. Conclusions: Transarterial ablation with LEM is a well tolerated and effective local regional treatment of unresectable HCC. The high tumor response and 1-year survival rate warrants further investigation in comparative study. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.