tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rochester’s Lead Law: Evaluation of a Local Environmental Health Policy Innovation
Authors: Katrina Smith Korfmacher, Maria Ayoob, Rebecca Morley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Significant progress has been made in reducing the incidence of childhood lead poisoning in the United States in the past three decades. However, the prevalence of elevated blood lead in children (≥ 10 μg/dL) remains high in some communities, particularly those with high proportions of pre-1978 housing in poor condition. Increasingly, municipalities are using local policy tools to reduce lead poisoning in high-risk areas, but little is known about the effectiveness of such policies.In this article, we evaluated the effectiveness of a comprehensive rental housing-based lead law adopted in Rochester, New York, in 2005.This policy evaluation integrates analyses of city inspections data, a survey of landlords, landlord focus groups, and health department data on children's blood lead levels from the first 4 years of implementation of the 2005 law.Implementation has proceeded consistent with projected numbers of inspections with nearly all target units inspected in the first 4 years. Higher than expected inspection passage rates suggest that landlords have reduced lead hazards in rental housing affected by the law. Implementation of the lead law does not appear to have had a significant impact on the housing market.Although many uncertainties remain, our analysis suggests that the lead law has had a positive impact on children's health. Strong enforcement, support for community-based lead programs, and ongoing intergovernmental coordination will be necessary to maintain lead-safe housing in Rochester. Lessons learned from the Rochester experience may inform future local lead poisoning prevention policies in other communities.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Untreated Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: JEFFREY L. WOLF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1981Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Untreated Hodgkin's DiseaseJEFFREY L. WOLF, M.D., STEPHEN J. FORMAN, M.D., LAIMA GAIDULIS, M.S., KARL G. BLUME, M.D.JEFFREY L. WOLF, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, STEPHEN J. FORMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LAIMA GAIDULIS, M.S.Search for more papers by this author, KARL G. BLUME, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-4-545_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their article on serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in diabetes mellitus, Lieberman and Sastre (1) state that the enzyme levels are not elevated in Hodgkin's disease. They refer to their work in which only one of 24 patients studied had elevated levels (2). Rømer (3) has also looked at angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in Hodgkin's disease and reports only one of 23 patients positive. Because there is no indication in either paper of the patients' disease status and treatment history and because of our own interest in identifying serum markers of malignancy, we have prospectively looked at serum angiotensin-converting...References1. LIEBERMANSASTRE JB. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme: elevations in diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:825-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LIEBERMAN J. Elevation of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level in sarcoidosis. Am J Med. 1975;59:365-72. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. RØMER F. Angiotensin-converting enzyme in sarcoidosis. Acta Med Scand. 1979;206:27-30. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. CUSHMANCHEUNG DH. Spectrophotometric assay and properties of the angiotensin-converting enzyme of rabbit lung. Biochem Pharmacol. 1971;20:1637-48. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JEFFREY L. WOLF, M.D.; STEPHEN J. FORMAN, M.D.; LAIMA GAIDULIS, M.S.; KARL G. BLUME, M.D.Affiliations: City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte, CA 91010 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLow-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma and Concomitant Extensive Sarcoidlike GranulomasNon-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Associated With Hypercalcemia and Increased Activity of Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 1 April 1981Volume 94, Issue 4_Part_1Page: 545-545KeywordsAngiotensin converting enzymeBiomarkersDiabetes mellitusEnzymesHodgkin lymphoma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Panvax febrile reactions not a predictor
Authors: R. Lopert, T. Nolan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Collignon and colleagues assert that febrile reactions seen in pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine (Panvax) clinical trials were an overlooked predictor of the excess febrile reactions seen with CSL’s seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine that prompted suspension of its use in children under 5.1 Yet most febrile reactions reported in the Australian Panvax trial were mild, with severe fever (>39.5°C) in only 2%.2 Fever …
Should patients have to pay for lithium?
Authors: M A Launer
Journal: BMJ (1983)

that those who have no concern for the lives of innocent bystanders, do, to a great degree, forfeit the right to their own lives.The ethical practice of medicine is compatible with life- with all forms of life.We cannot condemn out of hand all doctors who live in dictatorships, etc. Nor should we condemn all people living in politically less fortunate countries to go without medical care.I do not like the tactics of the African National Congress or those of the South African police, nor do I agree with Professor De Klerk or Mr Bennun.But I am not prepared to condemn any of them, certainly not without a lot more evidence and a detailed knowledge of the circumstances.Overall, the people of South Africa
MIGRATION INHIBITION OF HUMAN LEUKOCYTES MIXED WITH PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ‐PREINCUBATED MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES
Authors: JENS ERIK CLAUSEN
Journal: Allergy (1975)

An in vitro test able to demonstrate phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced migration inhibition of human peripheral blood leukocytes was investigated. The migration inhibition was demonstrated by the agarose migration technique. Purified mononuclear leukocytes which had been incubated for 30 min with PHA, then washed and added to non-separated leukocytes induced migration inhibition of the mixed cell population. Since no PHA was added to the non-separated leukocytes, a direct PHA effect on polymorph migration was avoided. If the PHA-preincubated mononuclear leukocytes were heated at 56 degrees C for 30 min, their ability to cause migration inhibition was abolished. This suggests that the inhibition was caused by migration inhibitory factor (MIF) produced by the PHA-stimulated lymphocytes.
Thyroid Hormone Levels of Pregnant Inuit Women and Their Infants Exposed to Environmental Contaminants
Authors: Renée Dallaire, Gina Muckle, Éric Dewailly, Sandra W. Jacobson, Joseph L. Jacobson, Torkjel M. Sandanger, Courtney D. Sandau, Pierre Ayotte
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

An increasing number of studies have shown that several ubiquitous environmental contaminants possess thyroid hormone-disrupting capacities. Prenatal exposure to some of them, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), has also been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental effects in infants.
The Change in the Distribution of Tc-99m Human Serum Albumin Radioaerosols in Asthma After a 1-Week Course of Corticosteroid Inhalation Treatment
Authors: SHENG-PING CHANGLAI, CHIA-HUNG KAO, SHYH-JEN WANG, WAN-YU LIN, JOANG-LIANG LAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

This study evaluated the effects of corticosteroid inhalation on the deposition pattern of Tc-99m HSA radio-aerosols in 24 patients with asthma. The homogeneous degree of depositing radioaerosol was quantitatively evaluated using a modified standard score system over both lungs. The baseline scores were calculated before inhalation therapy of 0.05 mg beclomethasone dipropionate four times daily for 1 week. The studies were then repeated after treatment to evaluate the effects of inhalation therapy. After treatment, the scores decreased In 16 of 24 cases (67%), which means that the degree of the bronchial obstruction decreased. The statistical results revealed significant differences in the total homogeneity score (P < 0.001) before and after therapy. Thus, a 1-week course of beclomethasone dipropionate inhalation therapy Improves the bronchial obstruction In asthma patients as shown by the quantitative homogeneity score system of the Tc-99m HSA radioaerosol Inhalation lung scintigraphy.
Self-titration by cigarette smokers
Authors: H. Ashton, R Stepney, J W Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

An 11-week crossover study was carried out in which 12 subjects smoked high-nicotine (1·84 mg standard yield) and low-nicotine (0·6 mg) cigarettes after an initial period of smoking their usual brands with a medium-nicotine yield (mean 1·4 mg). Plasma and urine nicotine concentrations, carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) concentration, puffing behaviour, 24-hour cigarette consumption, and butt nicotine content were measured. The changes in plasma nicotine and blood COHb concentrations showed that the smokers compensated for about two-thirds of the difference in standard yields when switched to either high- or low-nicotine cigarettes. Thus, compared with the medium-nicotine brand, the intake of nicotine and carbon monoxide was only about 10% higher when subjects smoked the high-nicotine cigarettes, which had a standard yield 30-40% higher than the medium brands; and only about 15% lower when they smoked the low-nicotine cigarettes, which had a standard yield about 50% lower than the medium brands. But nicotine content and urine nicotine concentrations followed a similar pattern. Changes in puffing behaviour and in 24-hour cigarette consumption were only slight. The results show clear evidence of both upward and downward self-titration of nicotine and carbon monoxide (and tar) intakes when smokers change to cigarettes with standard yields that differ over the range studied.
Diabetes in midlife increases cognitive decline 20 years later, study finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

People who have diabetes diagnosed in midlife have a higher risk of cognitive decline over the following 20 years than people with normal glucose levels, a prospective US study has shown.

Type 2 diabetes has previously been associated with dementia risk, but until now evidence of a link to cognitive decline has been limited.

Researchers followed up 13 351 adults who were aged 48 to 67 at the start of the study in 1990-92.1 The participants all lived in four US …
Postpublication Criticism and the Shaping of Clinical Knowledge
Authors: Richard Horton
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Letters to the editor are an important means for ensuring accountability of authors and editors. They form a part of the postpublication peer review process. I studied the critical footprint made in the medical literature by 3 randomized trials (Hypertension Optimal Treatment [HOT], Captopril Prevention Project [CAPPP], and Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension 2 [STOP-2]) published in The Lancet and investigated the extent to which that footprint was preserved in shaping clinical knowledge.Qualitative appraisal of the criticism of each trial, taken from published letters. Agreed weaknesses and unanswered criticisms were identified from the authors' reply. I searched MEDLINE for practice guidelines published after the trial report and sought evidence for incorporation of criticism into these guidelines.From the time of publication to October 2000, HOT was cited in 9 of 36 practice guidelines; CAPPP, in 6 of 36; and STOP-2, not at all. HOT received 14 published criticisms, 5 comments, and 3 questions, of which 15 were responded to. Only 1 criticism, lack of power, was referred to in 1 guideline. CAPPP received 14 criticisms, 9 comments, and 3 questions, of which 8 were responded to. Only 1 criticism, imbalances between groups, was referred to in 1 guideline. STOP-2 received 12 criticisms, 9 comments, and 3 questions, of which only 6 were responded to.More than half of all criticism made in correspondence went unanswered by authors. Important weaknesses in trials were ignored in subsequently published practice guidelines. Failure to recognize the critical footprint of primary research weakens the validity of guidelines and distorts clinical knowledge.
STUDIES IN THE SEROLOGY OF SYPHILIS
Authors: Harry Eagle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

More than one-half of normal rabbits contain complement-fixing or precipitating antibodies against Wassermann antigens (the alcohol-soluble lipoids of beef, rabbit, and human hearts) by a sufficiently sensitive technique. Normal human sera tested by the same technique are uniformly negative. The intravenous injection of colloidal suspensions of beef and human heart lipoids into rabbits occasionally causes a significant increase in this normal Wassermann (antilipoid) titre. This may indicate a certain degree of antibody response to the lipoids as such; it may be due to the presence in such extracts of traces of foreign protein, which would activate the lipoid haptene into a complete antigen; or it may be a non-specific increase in a normal antibody, not due to a specific antigenic stimulus. Confirming the results of Sachs, Klopstock, and Weil, the addition of normal foreign (human) serum to rabbit, beef, and human heart lipoids makes them antigenic for rabbits. The intravenous injection of such lipoid-serum mixtures usually causes a significant increase in the titre of the complement-fixing and precipitating antibody against tissue lipoids. The precipitate which forms upon the addition of tissue lipoids to human syphilitic serum is by far the most efficient antigen for the production, in rabbits, of antibodies to tissue lipoids which we have as yet encountered. Rabbits injected intravenously with such a precipitate regularly develop a Wassermann titre which is many times higher than either the titre observed in human syphilis, or that induced by the injection of a normal serum-lipoid mixture. The very marked antigenic property of the precipitate as compared with that of a normal serum-lipoid mixture is considered to be due to the fact that it contains a foreign protein firmly bound to the lipoid particles, namely, the human reagin-globulin with which they have combined. This interpretation is supported by the observations (1) that heating at 100 degrees C., which does not affect the lipoid constituent of the precipitate, destroys its antigenic power for rabbits, and (2) that a similar precipitate derived from Wassermann positive rabbit serum instead of syphilitic human serum, and therefore containing tissue lipoid in combination with homologous (rabbit) protein, is completely non-antigenic for rabbits.
Pericardial Fat Necrosis
Authors: Douglas M. Behrendt, J. Gordon Scannell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THE occurrence in a previously healthy person of sudden severe chest pain or a suspicious shadow on a film of the chest raises serious diagnostic considerations such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism or lung cancer. Before therapy is instituted it is worthwhile to consider, at least, some of the alternative diagnoses of less ominous consequence. Among these is pericardial fat necrosis. This clinical entity is sufficiently rare that we have been able to find only seven reported cases before the one that forms the body of this report. In none of them was the correct diagnosis made before operation, and . . .
Opposing effect of p38 MAP kinase and JNK inhibitors on the development of heart failure in the cardiomyopathic hamster
Authors: S KYOI, H OTANI, S MATSUHISA, Y AKITA, K TATSUMI, C ENOKI, H FUJIWARA, H IMAMURA, H KAMIHATA, T IWASAKA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Objective: p38 MAP kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of heart failure. We investigated the effects of chronic treatment with p38 MAPK and JNK inhibitors on the development of heart failure in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) hamster heart.
A Case of Colon Cancer Incidentally Detected by 18F-Choline PET/CT
Authors: Ferdinando F. Calabria, Sonia Crusco, Carmelo Cicciò, Orazio Schillaci
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 65-year-old man had restaging of prostate cancer with an 18F-choline PET/CT, which revealed focal uptake in a thickened posterior wall of sigmoid colon. Biopsy demonstrated colon cancer. Incidental colorectal 18F-choline uptake should be further investigated with histological analysis.
Metabolic Bone Disease
Authors: Boy Frame
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The second volume of<i>Metabolic Bone Disease</i>contains seven additional essays on bone and mineral metabolism. Despite the book's title, there is in many instances a scarcity of information on bone disease. Topics previously covered in the first volume do, however, make up for this deficit to some extent. The chapter on parathyroid physiology and primary hyperparathyroidism is a fine clinical contribution, but less than 10% of its content deals with the skeleton. The chapter on renal osteodystrophy is more closely centered about the bone. Hypoparathyroidism is covered exhaustively by Nagent de Deuxchaisnes and Krane, but again most of the 228 pages of the chapter is irrelevant to metabolic bone disease. Defto's essay on the thyroid gland might have contained additional information on the skeletal involvement in hyperthyroidism and less on medullary thyroid carcinoma in which the bones are hardly involved at all. While Paget's disease is not normally considered
Neonatal screening for sickle cell diseases in Camberwell: results and recommendations of a two year pilot study.
Authors: M E Horn, M C Dick, B Frost, L R Davis, A J Bellingham, C E Stroud, J W Studd
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The sickle cell diseases are a major health problem for Afro-Caribbean peoples. Neonatal detection and prophylactic management can reduce mortality and morbidity in childhood. A study was therefore conducted analysing the results of the first two years of cord blood screening in the Camberwell health area. Thirteen cases of sickle cell disease and two of haemoglobin (Hb)C disease were identified among 2202 non-white infants screened. The carrier state, sickle cell trait (HbAS), was present in 11.9% and HbC trait (HbAC) in 4.1% of Afro-Caribbean infants. The incidence of disease and of carrier states was much higher in West Africans than in Caribbeans. The wider implications of screening and the need for a comprehensive plan of care are emphasised.
Crawford W. Long
Authors: Bernard L. Albert
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  The essay Crawford W. Long: Discoverer of Ether for Anesthesia ( 194 :1008, 1965) omitted mention of an important honor accorded to Long. The office on the west side of the square in Jefferson, Ga, where he performed the first operation in which sulfuric ether was used as an anesthetic, on March 30, 1842, has been restored and is presently a museum open to the public, in his honor.
Cardiovascular Preparticipation Screening of Competitive Athletes: Addendum
Authors: Barry J. Maron, Paul D. Thompson, James C. Puffer, Christopher A. McGrew, William B. Strong, Pamela S. Douglas, Luther T. Clark, Matthew J. Mitten, Michael D. Crawford, Dianne L. Atkins, David J. Driscoll, Andrew E. Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1998)

HomeCirculationVol. 97, No. 22Cardiovascular Preparticipation Screening of Competitive Athletes: Addendum
TCT-363 Safety and long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with liver disease: report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry
Authors: Matthew Harinstein, Suresh Mulukutla, Helen Vlachos, Faith Selzer, Ernesto Viteri, Catalin Toma, Sameer Khandhar, Sherry Kelsey, David Williams, James Flaherty, Oscar Marroquin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Loss of the Will to Live in Multisystem Organ Failure
Authors: Clinton E. Tempereau
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We are pleased with the scholarly dissertation by Drs DeCamp and Demling<sup>1</sup>on the syndrome of multisystem organ failure (MSOF). It is in keeping with our experience with burn patients and provides further justification, if any were needed, for the team approach to major trauma management. The article makes passing reference to the central nervous system as one site of specific-organ failure in MSOF. At our institution of 30 acute burn beds we have been giving increasing attention to the volitional collapse, known colloquially as "loss of the will to live," that so often appears during the period of increasing morbidity and progressive MSOF. While its biochemical correlates are not well-defined, the clinical picture is unmistakable. We view volitional collapse as a full-fledged system failure in its own right, an integral part of MSOF as expressed at the psychophysiological level. Thus, clinical stages 2 (early
Television in Postgraduate Education
Authors: Dale Groom
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Winston Churchill, that master of repartee, once squelched his Laborite opponent in Parliament by branding him "a very modest man— but he has much to be modest about." Surely all physicians working in the field of medical television have much to be modest about. We are scarcely beginning to learn how to use this new medium effectively—to capitalize on its versatility, on its potentials for teaching and for illustration, and on its vast coverage. Confronted by an instrument of mass communication entirely foreign to our academic upbringing, we are for the most part still trying to take its measure and to master its techniques. But to the credit of the medical educator, more than many of his cousins in the field of education, he has been quick to recognize the usefulness of television in the health sciences in general, and in postgraduate education in particular. Five years' experience may not