tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long‐Lasting Activation of the Transcription Factor CREB in Sensory Neurons by Interleukin‐1β During Antigen‐Induced Arthritis in Rats: A Mechanism of Persistent Arthritis Pain?
Authors: Gisela Segond von Banchet, Christian König, Jessica Patzer, Annett Eitner, Johannes Leuchtweis, Matthias Ebbinghaus, Michael K. Boettger, Hans‐Georg Schaible
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective In spite of successful treatment of immune‐mediated arthritis, many patients still experience pain. We undertook this study to investigate whether antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA) in rats triggers neuronal changes in sensory neurons that outlast the inflammatory process. Methods We induced unilateral AIA in the knee joint and assessed in sensory neurons the expression of CREB, a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in neuronal plasticity. We tested whether neutralization of the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by etanercept or infliximab or neutralization of the effects of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) by anakinra influences the up‐regulation of phospho‐CREB, and we studied the up‐regulation of phospho‐CREB by IL‐1β and TNF in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Results Unilateral AIA caused bilateral up‐regulation of phospho‐CREB in lumbar DRG neurons. While inflammation and pain subsided within 21 days, the up‐regulation of phospho‐CREB still persisted on day 42. At this time point mechanical hyperalgesia at the knee reappeared in the absence of swelling. TNF neutralization during AIA significantly reduced pain‐related behavior but did not prevent phospho‐CREB up‐regulation. In contrast, anakinra, which only reduced thermal hyperalgesia, prevented phospho‐CREB up‐regulation, suggesting a role of IL‐1β in this process. In cultured DRG neurons the application of IL‐1β significantly enhanced phospho‐CREB. Conclusion Immune‐mediated arthritis causes neuroplastic changes in sensory neurons that outlast the inflammatory phase. Such changes may facilitate the persistence or recurrence of pain after remission of arthritis. IL‐1β is an important trigger in this process, although its neutralization barely reduced mechanical hyperalgesia during inflammation.
Variability of Mouse Mammary Hyperplastic Nodules Maintained in Organotypic Culture&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Richard L. Ingraham
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Journal Article Variability of Mouse Mammary Hyperplastic Nodules Maintained in Organotypic Culture Get access Richard L. Ingraham Richard L. Ingraham Department of Zoology and Its Cancer Research Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 40, Issue 6, June 1968, Pages 1273–1285, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/40.6.1273 Published: 01 June 1968 Article history Received: 10 October 1967 Accepted: 19 January 1968 Published: 01 June 1968
Regulatory T Cells in Tumor-Associated Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Suppress Anti-tumor T Cell Responses
Authors: Nikhil S. Joshi, Elliot H. Akama-Garren, Yisi Lu, Da-Yae Lee, Gregory P. Chang, Amy Li, Michel DuPage, Tuomas Tammela, Natanya R. Kerper, Anna F. Farago, Rebecca Robbins, Denise M. Crowley, Roderick T. Bronson, Tyler Jacks
Journal: Immunity (2015)
WHO condemns attacks on healthcare workers in Yemen
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The World Health Organization director general, Margaret Chan, has urged the warring parties in Yemen to stop attacking health workers and health facilities.

Chan said that the conflict, which has been going on for 10 weeks, had seen widespread violations of international humanitarian law and the Geneva Convention for the protection of health facilities, staff, and patients.

“Health infrastructure continues to be hit, with attacks …
Neuromuscular dissociation of the diaphragm is more pronounced during treadmill exercise compared with cycle exercise in obese COPD patients
Authors: Casey E. Ciavaglia, Jordan A. Guenette, Daniel Langer, Kathy A. Webb, J. Alberto Neder, Denis E. O'Donnell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

It is not known if weight bearing (treadmill) and weight supported (cycle) exercise modalities have different effects on dynamic respiratory muscle function and subsequent respiratory sensation in obese patients with COPD. We therefore compared respiratory muscle performance and dyspnea intensity in obese COPD patients during symptom-limited linearized incremental (10W/2min) treadmill and cycle exercise in random order on two separate visits. Neuromuscular function was assessed using a multi-pair electrode-balloon catheter to obtain diaphragm electromyographs during tidal breathing relative to maximum (EMGdi/EMGdimax) and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) relative to maximum. Eleven (6M:5F) obese (body mass index 36.5±1.7kg/m2;mean±SEM) patients with COPD (post-β2-agonist FEV1 58±4 %predicted) were tested. EMGdi/EMGdimax and dyspnea were similar at matched work rates throughout both exercise tests. Pdi/Pdimax was significantly (p=0.01) higher during cycle exercise at a standardized EMGdi/EMGdimax (0.5) compared with treadmill exercise. Dyspnea correlated with EMGdi (cycle: r=.91; treadmill: r=.93) regardless of diaphragmatic activation pattern response, which was different between tests (Figure 1). Neuromuscular dissociation of the diaphragm is more pronounced during treadmill exercise than cycle exercise but this does not influence dyspnea intensity.

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Indoor pollution and cough reflex sensitivity to capsaicin in school age children
Authors: Silvia Varechova, Jana Plevkova, Jan Hanacek, Lenka Mazurova, Tomas Zatko, Tatar Milos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

A better understanding of down regulatory mechanisms of defensive airway reflexes is important to the management of chronic cough in humans. In a large epidemiological survey of cough reflex sensitivity (CRS) to inhaled capsaicin, a population of children that do not cough at any concentration of capsaicin has been identified. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the effects of gender, biomass combustion and passive smoking are associated with the “non cougher” status.  Children aged 8 – 18 years (n= 310; 148 females/162 males) entered the study. Single-breath method using a flow-limited dosimeter was used to assess CRS. Each subject inhaled up to 12 capsaicin aerosol concentrations (0.61-1250 μmol/l) during 400 ms at 1 minute interval. The concentrations of capsaicin causing two (C2) coughs were reported.  Results: During CRS testing 87% (270/310) of children that entered the study achieved C2 (coughers) and 13% (40/ 310) were non-coughers. The incidence of non-coughers and coughers differed significantly between gender (p=0.04) when 17% of all girls did not cough (25/148) compared 9% of boys (15/162). A significant influence of passive smoking (p=0.016) and biomass combustion (p=0.0005) on cough was found. One third of all non-coughers are passive smokers (27,5%; 11/40) compared to coughers (13%; 35/270) and one half of non coughers (52,5%) have fireplace in their home compared to 25% of coughers. For biomass combustion, there was a significant predominance of non-coughers (p=0.001) among girls (32%; 14/25) compared to boys (15.5%; 6/9).  Our results have shown that non-cougher status in children is likely to be a result of indoor environmental exposure and these changes are gender dependent.
Factors associated with influenza vaccination among adult cancer patients: a case–control study
Authors: I. Vinograd, R. Baslo, N. Eliakim-Raz, L. Farbman, A. Taha, A. Sakhnini, A. Lador, S.M. Stemmer, A. Gafter-Gvili, D. Fraser, L. Leibovici, M. Paul
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)

Influenza vaccination is recommended for cancer patients; however, adherence is low. We aimed to identify predictive factors for vaccination among cancer patients. We conducted a case-control analysis of a patient cohort in the 2010-2011 influenza season. We included adult cancer patients with solid malignancies undergoing chemotherapy, and haematological patients with active disease. Patients who died between October and November 2010 (N = 43) were excluded from analysis. Cases received the 2011 seasonal influenza vaccine, and controls did not. Data were obtained from patients' records, and validated through personal interviews. We collected socio-demographic information, and data on the malignancy and co-morbidities and triggers for vaccination and non-vaccination. We performed bivariate and multivariable analyses, in which vaccination status was the dependent variable. Of 806 patients included in analysis, 387 (48%) were vaccinated. Variables associated with vaccination on bivariate analysis were older age, higher socio-economic status, lower crowding index, marital status (widowed > married > single), malignancy type (haematological > solid tumours) and time from diagnosis, low-risk malignancy, diabetes, past vaccination, country of birth (non-Russian origin), and physicians' recommendations. Predictive factors found to be independently associated with vaccination on multivariable analysis were past vaccinations, low-risk malignancy, and country of birth. In the analysis conducted among interviewees (N = 561), recommendations from the oncologist (OR 10.7, 95% CI 5.4-21.2) and from the primary-care physician (OR 3.35, 95% CI 2.05-5.49) were strong predictors for vaccination. We conclude that 'habitual vaccinees' continue influenza vaccinations when ill with cancer. Physicians' recommendations, especially the oncologist's, have a major influence on patients' compliance with influenza vaccination.
Combined therapies for squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus, a Southwest Oncology Group Study (SWOG-8037).
Authors: E Poplin, T Fleming, L Leichman, H G Seydel, Z Steiger, S Taylor, R Vance, W J Stuckey, S E Rivkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Conservative treatment of esophageal cancer with radiation therapy has afforded few long-term survivors. In order to improve outcome, patients with locoregional disease were treated using a combined modality approach. Patients were treated with chemotherapy consisting of a 96-hour continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 1,000 mg/m2/d, days 1 to 4 and days 29 to 32; cisplatin 75 mg/m2, day 1 and 29; and radiation 3,000 rad, days 1 to 19. In the absence of progressive disease, patients underwent esophagectomy. One hundred twenty-eight patients were registered of whom 113 were eligible and 106 were evaluable. Toxicity included gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, mucositis, and myelosuppression. One hundred two patients completed chemoradiotherapy. Following its completion, 11 patients refused surgery, six were considered poor surgical risks, and 14 had progressive disease. Of the remaining 71 patients, 16 had unresectable disease, 13 had residual disease which was incompletely resected, 24 had disease which could be completely resected, and 18 were without disease on pathologic examination. The overall operability rate was 63% and the overall resectability rate, 49%. Surgical mortality was 11%. Eighty-nine of 113 eligible patients have died, with a median survival of 12 months and a 2-year survival of 28%. The median postsurgical survival for all 71 patients was 14 months and was 32 months for those patients attaining complete remission (CR). Combined modality therapy remains an investigational approach. Attempts should be directed at increasing response rate to initial therapy. A randomized comparison between combined modality treatment and radiation therapy is necessary to definitively determine the usefulness of this more aggressive approach.
Abstract 14944: The Emerging Role of Circulating Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Hypertension: Relationships with Albuminuria
Authors: C. Tsioufis, K. Dimitriadis, A. Agelis, M. Poulakis, A. Kefala, A. Kasiakogias, A. Miliou, K. Toutouzas, C. Stefanadis
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: The soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) participates in the development and acceleration of atherosclerosis, while albuminuria is a marker of target organ dam...
Studies on the Pathogenesis of Pigment Gallstones in Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Bruce W. Trotman, Seldon E. Bernstein, Kevin E. Bove, Gary D. Wirt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The pathogenesis of hemolysis-induced gallstones was studied in mice with a hereditary hemolytic disease called normoblastic anemia (genotype nb/nb) and in their normal controls (genotype +/+). Infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that spontaneously formed gallstones from nb/nb mice were nearly identical to stones from patients with chronic hemolysis as the result of sickle cell disease, and both mouse and human stones strikingly resembled synthetic calcium bilirubinate. 57% of 115 nb/nb mice, but none of 109 control mice, developed calcium bilirubinate pigment gallstones (P < 0.001). The incidence of luminal gallstones in nb/nb mice was both sex and age dependent. Female nb/nb mice formed stones twice as frequently as male nb/nb mice (P < 0.001). Before 6 mo of age neither sex developed stones, but thereafter the incidence of stones increased with age. Neither hematocrit, reticulocyte count, nor total plasma bilirubin values, were useful in distinguishing between nb/nb mice with or without gallstones. In gallbladder bile, nb/nb mice with gallstones had higher concentrations of hydrogen ion, total bilirubin, calcium, and bile acids than nb/nb mice without stones. Although total unconjugated bilirubin was similar in both nb/nb groups, the ionized fraction of unconjugated bilirubin was higher in bile from nb/nb mice without stones than those with stones. In nb/nb mice, neutral mucin plugs and pigment concentrations were observed histologically in the glandular crypts of the gallbladder in 33% of nb/nb mice without stones and in 80% of nb/nb mice with luminal stones. This suggested that luminal pigment stone disease in mice with hemolysis may be preceded by microscopic precipitation of calcium bilirubinate in the glandular crypts of the gallbladder. These precipitates may then migrate into the lumen and grow by accretion.
Predictive role of mMRC scale on quality of life in COPD patients
Authors: Giuseppina Cuttitta, Palma Audino, Pietro Alfano, Salvatore Bucchieri, Mario Raphael Melis, Fabio Cibella
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

COPD often coexists with other comorbidities and has an impact on Quality of Life (QoL). We evaluated QoL in COPD patients and the possible role of comorbidities in their relationship. We studied 60 stable COPD outpatients (39 M, aged 53-91) and 30 subjects without respiratory disease (controls, 14 M, aged 50-86). Spirometry and a clinical evaluation of comorbidities were performed. COPD patients were classified on the basis of COPD guidelines. We evaluated dyspnea perception by modified Medical Research Council questionnaire (mMRC). QoL was assessed by SF-36 through Physical Health (PCS) and Mental Health (MCS) components. PCS was significant lower in COPD with respect to controls (p=0.005); no significant difference was found in MCS. mMRC was significant higher in COPD patients (p= 0.022). Among comorbidities (disorders of lipid metabolism -DLM-, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, arrhythmia) only DLM prevalence was significant higher in COPD patients (p=0.012). A significant negative correlation was found between PCS and mMRC (p=0.0001); mMRC was directly related to DLM (p=0.02), only in COPD patients. PCS was not related to comorbidities neither in COPD nor in controls. In COPD PCS was inversely correlated to disease severity according to 2012 guidelines (p=0.001). In conclusion, COPD patients have a poorer QoL with respect to controls in its physical component but not in mental component. Dyspnea perception, in COPD patients is a strong indirect determinant for PCS, regardless of comorbidities. Moreover, among comorbidities DDL seems to determine a higher dyspnea in COPD patients. Detecting and monitoring dyspnea perception may be a useful element in management of COPD patient in order to increase QoL.
Analysis of a diagnostic strategy for patients with suspected tumors of unknown origin.
Authors: J L Abbruzzese, M C Abbruzzese, R Lenzi, K R Hess, M N Raber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE Diagnostic strategies designed to identify the underlying primary malignancies in patients with unknown primary tumors (UPTs) have relied on retrospective analyses. We analyzed 879 consecutive patients referred with suspected UPTs to determine the yield and cost of a limited diagnostic evaluation, assess the contribution of specific studies to diagnosis, and analyze the survival patterns of patients in whom the primary tumor was diagnosed. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from patients with a suspected UPT were entered into a computerized data base, and the patients underwent a predefined limited diagnostic evaluation. Primary malignancies were diagnosed by pathologic review alone or by pathologic criteria plus a physical or radiographic finding. Survival was measured from diagnosis, estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared using the Cox-Mantel log-rank test. RESULTS A primary tumor was found in 179 of 879 patients (20%). The survival duration of patients in whom the primary tumor was diagnosed was superior to that of patients in whom the primary tumor remained unknown. Specific patient subsets contributed most to the improved survival duration of the group in which the primary tumor was found, including lymphoma patients diagnosed solely by pathologic criteria and female patients with primary breast or ovarian cancer. The cost of diagnosis was mostly due to the extensive use of computed tomography. Except for ovarian cancer, computed tomography rarely identified treatable primary tumors. CONCLUSION The limited diagnostic evaluation used in this study identified patients with treatable malignancies and increased the survival duration of a population of suspected UPT patients. Primary malignancies with the best survival can be diagnosed through careful pathologic review and focused evaluations for breast and ovarian cancer in women.
Oral versus intravenous high-dose methylprednisolone for treatment of relapses in patients with multiple sclerosis (COPOUSEP): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Emmanuelle Le Page, David Veillard, David A Laplaud, Stéphanie Hamonic, Rasha Wardi, Christine Lebrun, Fabien Zagnoli, Sandrine Wiertlewski, Véronique Deburghgraeve, Marc Coustans, Gilles Edan
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Ethnic and nutritional determinants of respiratory function in East London children
Authors: Isobel Dundas, Nadine Marlin, Jeenath Jamaludin, Ian Mudway, Helen Wood, Louise Cross, David McLaughlin, Anna Schwappach, Neetha Purushotham, Stephen Bremner, Jonathan Grigg, Frank Kelly, Chris Griffiths, Robert Walton
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  Poor lung health in childhood is an important problem in deprived multicultural UK inner cities and there are no normative standards for lung function in South East Asians, Black Africans or mixed ethnicity.   Aim  To explore the relationship between ethnicity and nutritional status on lung function in an area of marked ethnic diversity and child poverty.   Methods  Lung function was measured in 1000 children from 23 east London schools (2008-11). Mixed effects models were constructed allowing for random effect of school, adjusted for age, sex, height, deprivation score (IMD) and study year adding either BMI or reported ethnicity. Children were typed for 27 randomly spaced DNA markers.   Results  358 (36.9%) children reported Asian ethnicity, 270 (27.1%) White, 249 (25.0%) Black and 128 (11.7%) mixed. Twenty (2.0%) were very underweight (≤2 nd  centile), 30 (3.0%) underweight (≤5 th  centile). Ten of 20 very underweight children (50%) were Asian. FEV 1  and FVC were higher in Whites compared with all other groups (FEV 1  0.129 L, 95% CI: 0.098 0.160, FVC 0.169 L, 95% CI: 0.134 to 0.205). Lung function was lower in very underweight compared to other weight categories (FEV 1 , -0.129; 95% CI -0.214, -0.433 L. FVC, -0.190, 95% CI -0.297 -0.084 L). Genetic markers (GM) identified three population components correlated with FEV 1  and FVC (p 1  and FVC than GM in the mixed group.   Conclusions  BMI and ethnicity strongly determine childhood respiratory function. Random GM and reported ethnicity equally predicted FEV 1  and FVC. In children of mixed background, GM may predict lung function better than reported ethnicity and may be an important tool for future research.
The impact of medical education on asthma/rhinitis management by general practitioners
Authors: Sandra Baldacci, Sara Maio, Marzia Simoni, Sonia Cerrai, Giuseppe Sarno, Patrizia Silvi, Francesco Di Pede, Marco Borbotti, AnnaPaola Pala, Megon Bresciani, Giovanni Viegi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background : studies on the effectiveness of medical education programs to improve the adherence to guidelines (GL) report conflicting results.  Aim : to evaluate the impact of a medical education course (MEC) on the behavior of general practitioners (GPs) to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR).  Methods:  1820 patients with either AR or asthma (mean age 41yrs) of 107 Italian GPs. 50% of GPs attended a preliminary MEC (group A) and 50% did not (group B). The adherence for AR and asthma treatment was evaluated according to ARIA and GINA GL.  Results:  AR and asthma were diagnosed in 78% and 56% of patients, respectively. Higher compliances to ARIA GL were found in Group B for treating mild AR, in Group A for treating moderate-severe AR. Adherence to GINA GL for asthma treatment did not significantly differ between group A and B: an insignificant trend to higher compliances was observed in group A for treating severe persistent asthma without AR (63 versus 46%), in group B for treating severe persistent asthma with concomitant AR.  Conclusions : We confirmed that GPs often tend to treat patients independently from GL. A single medical educational course seems to improve adherence to GL only for treating severe patients.   This work was supported by the “Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA)”, within the independent drug research program, contract no. “FARM5JYS5A”.
Circulating Very-Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids and Incident Coronary Heart Disease in US Men and Women
Authors: Vasanti S. Malik, Stephanie E. Chiuve, Hannia Campos, Eric B. Rimm, Dariush Mozaffarian, Frank B. Hu, Qi Sun
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Circulating very-long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs) may play an active role in the origin of cardiometabolic diseases.
A Diagnostic Sign in Migraine?
Authors: R N de Silva
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

At the bedside it was noted that, after ocular fundoscopy, patients with migraine complained more often of an afterimage than did non-migraineurs. This phenomenon was then investigated in consecutive patients attending a general neurology outpatient clinic. The relative risk for the diagnosis of migraine in patients reporting an after-image was 2.91 (95% confidence interval 1.96 to 4.34), and the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of this observation for the diagnosis of migraine were 0.63, 0.75 and 0.55 respectively. After-images were equally likely to be reported by migraineurs with and without aura, and by patients with migraine equivalents. The after-image phenomenon probably reflects the heightened sensitivity to visual stimuli of patients with migraine. Although a diagnosis of migraine is primarily established by the patient's history, the presence of an afterimage following ocular fundoscopy may support this diagnosis.