tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The New York Medical League and the Sick Poor.
Authors: Douglas H. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1898)

New York City, Dec. 15, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Many good people are suffering from the apprehension, and misapprehension, that the New York Medical League is opposing charity to the sick poor. This is entirely foreign to the purposes of that body, therefore we are directed to communicate to you and, by courtesy, through you to the public, the following statement: The New York Medical League believes: 1. That there is not enough charity work done in this city. 2. That there is too much of the benevolence business transacted. That many worthy poor are deprived of the alms provided for them, because all those alms do not reach the truly needy through the proper direct channels. And that it is a shame that any institution should show handsome annual profits and yet beg for city money, especially when its earnings represent monies derived from the poor. 3. That all
Binding of Biosynthetic Human Insulin to Erythrocytes of Normal and Insulin-dependent Diabetic Subjects: Comparison with Pork and Human Pancreatic Insulin
Authors: Werner Bachmann, Caspar Sieger, Florian Lacher, Norbert Lotz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) was compared with highly purified human pancreatic and pork insulin with regard to its ability to bind to erythrocytes of normal and insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (type I diabetes). The binding affinity or capacity of erythrocyte from both normal and diabetic subjects were comparable for biosynthetic and pancreatic human insulin. In contrast, binding of pork insulin to erythrocytes was significantly decreased at low insulin concentrations in normal as well as in diabetic subjects due to a reduced receptor affinity. The affinity of the “empty sites” was 5.25 × 10−8 M−1 with pork insulin in normal subjects and 6.1 × 10−8 M−1 in diabetic subjects; with both human insulins, the affinities were 6.9 × 10−8 M−1 in normal subjects and 8.6 × 10−8 M−1 in diabetic subjects. The number of insulin receptors per erythrocyte was calculated as being 30 in normal subjects and 35 in diabetic patients.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphism and Preeclampsia Risk: Evidence of Small-Study Bias
Authors: Norma C Serrano, Luis A Díaz, Maria C Páez, Clara M Mesa, Rodrigo Cifuentes, Alvaro Monterrosa, Adriana González, Liam Smeeth, Aroon D Hingorani, Juan P Casas
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Background Inappropriate activation of the renin–angiotensin system may play a part in the development of preeclampsia. An insertion/deletion polymorphism within the angiotensin-I converting enzyme gene (ACE-I/D) has shown to be reliably associated with differences in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. However, previous studies of the ACE-I/D variant and preeclampsia have been individually underpowered to detect plausible genotypic risks. Methods and Findings A prospective case-control study was conducted in 1,711 unrelated young pregnant women (665 preeclamptic and 1,046 healthy pregnant controls) recruited from five Colombian cities. Maternal blood was obtained to genotype for the ACE-I/D polymorphism. Crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using logistic regression models were obtained to evaluate the strength of the association between ACE-I/D variant and preeclampsia risk. A meta-analysis was then undertaken of all published studies to February 2006 evaluating the ACE-I/D variant in preeclampsia. An additive model (per-D-allele) revealed a null association between the ACE-I/D variant and preeclampsia risk (crude OR = 0.95 [95% CI, 0.81–1.10]) in the new case-control study. Similar results were obtained after adjusting for confounders (adjusted per-allele OR = 0.90 [95% CI, 0.77–1.06]) and using other genetic models of inheritance. A meta-analysis (2,596 cases and 3,828 controls from 22 studies) showed a per-allele OR of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.07–1.49). An analysis stratified by study size showed an attenuated OR toward the null as study size increased. Conclusions It is highly likely that the observed small nominal increase in risk of preeclampsia associated with the ACE D-allele is due to small-study bias, similar to that observed in cardiovascular disease. Reliable assessment of the origins of preeclampsia using a genetic approach may require the establishment of a collaborating consortium to generate a dataset of adequate size.
Virus-like particles in paraspinal muscle in scoliosis.
Authors: J N Webb, W J Gillespie
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Biopsy material from the skeletal muscle (paraxials) of 21 patients with scoliosis was examined by light and electron microscopy. Virus-like particles, 17 nm in diameter with a crystalline structure, were identified in the skeletal muscle fibres of four patients. Associated changes in the sarcoplasm included swelling of mitochondria, presence of lipid droplets, and vesicular structures. Serological studies and culture for virus isolation gave negative results. An excess of lipid (predominantly in type 1 fibres) was noted in the skeletal muscle of several other cases. The significance of these findings is obscure, but the morphology of the paraxial muscles of patients with scoliosis and controls is currently being investigated in greater detail.
Vancomycin-Streptomycin Synergism in Enterococcal Endocarditis
Authors: Grant O. Westenfelder
Journal: JAMA (1973)

On rare occasion a patient with enterococcal (group D streptococcal) endocarditis will exhibit life-threatening penicillin allergy. The selection of vancomycin hydrochloride and streptomycin as alternate therapy to penicillin-streptomycin under such circumstances is supported by a patient here reported who was cured of enterococcal endocarditis after being treated with vancomycin-streptomycin. In addition, studies upon 18 enterococcal isolates confirm previously reported investigations which indicate that vancomycin and streptomycin in combination exert a synergistic action against a substantial percentage of enterococcal isolates in vitro.
Medical Research: A view from the coal face
Authors: J D Swales
Journal: BMJ (1988)

We should all be grateful to Dr Richard Smith for his exhaustive review of the medical research scene in the United Kingdom. Hitherto, what information we have has had to be culled from many publications: some of this information has been accessible and hence widely quoted until it has evolved into accepted wisdom. This information is not always the most accurate, and perspectives have therefore tended to become distorted. Most of us are seeing much of the remaining data for the first time. It is valuable to have all this put together, yet disconcerting to see the obvious gaps in the picture and to leave feeling with Dr Smith that the only consistent pattern is one of demoralisation and fear for an uncertain future. Because the statistics are misleading and because assessing research is frequently a matter of value judgment rather than numerical analysis, I would like to present a personal view of the clinical research scene. I purposely choose the coal face in preference to the more fashionable grass roots analogy. No shafts of sunlight help the genuine face worker: if he sees a distant light it will come from a torch borne by others whose credentials are probably as doubtful as his. They may or may not be leading the way to more productive seams.
Haemodynamic evidence for cardiac stress during transurethral prostatectomy.
Authors: J. W. Evans, M. Singer, C. R. Chapple, N. Macartney, J. M. Walker, E. J. Milroy
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To compare haemodynamic performance during transurethral prostatectomy and non-endoscopic control procedures similar in duration and surgical trauma. DESIGN--Controlled comparative study. SETTING--London teaching hospital. PATIENTS--33 men aged 50-85 years in American Society of Anesthesiologists risk groups I and II undergoing transurethral prostatectomy (20), herniorrhaphy (eight), or testicular exploration (five). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Percentage change from baseline in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, Doppler indices of stroke volume and cardiac output, and index of systemic vascular resistance, and change from baseline in core temperature. RESULTS--In the control group mean arterial pressure fell to 11% (95% confidence interval -17% to -5%) below baseline at two minutes into surgery and remained below baseline; there were no other overall changes in haemodynamic variables and the core temperature was stable. During transurethral prostatectomy mean arterial pressure increased by 16% (5% to 27%) at the two minute recording and remained raised throughout. Bradycardia reached -7% (-14% to 1%) by the end of the procedure. Doppler indices of stroke volume fell progressively to 15% (-24% to -6%) below baseline at the end of the procedure, and the index of cardiac output fell to 21% (-32% to -10%) below baseline by the end of the procedure. The index of systemic vascular resistance was increased by 28% (17% to 38%) at two minutes, and by 46.8% (28% to 66%) at the end of the procedure. Core temperature fell by a mean of 0.8 (-1.0 to -0.6) degrees C. Significant differences existed between the two groups in summary measures of mean arterial pressure (p less than 0.05), Doppler indices of stroke volume (p less than 0.005) and cardiac output (p less than 0.005), index of systemic vascular resistance (p less than 0.0005), and core temperature (p less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS--Important haemodynamic disturbances were identified during routine apparently uneventful transurethral prostatectomy but not during control procedures. These responses may be related to the rapid central cooling observed during transurethral prostatectomy and require further study.
Rescuers' psychological responses to disasters.
Authors: B Raphael, L Meldrum, B O'Toole
Journal: BMJ (1991)

complex feature most strongly associated with later epilepsy, particularly with complex partial seizures, was a focal febrile convulsion, which seems most likely to reflect a pre-existing focal abnormality.Three practical messages emerge.Parents should be reassured about the generally excellent prognosis of febrile convulsions.Prolonged convulsions should still be prevented,5 and to this end parents may give rectal diazepam, though the working party did not resolve whether this should be done as soon as a convulsion begins or only after five minutes.11Prophylactic anticonvulsants are rarely needed, and there is no evidence that they have any long term benefit in febrile convulsions.
5-AZA-2′-Deoxycytidine in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Mouse to Man Story
Authors: Z. Sheng Guo, Nicholas P. Restifo, David S. Schrump
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

In Response: 

We agree with Coral and colleagues that preclinical studies have thus far provided a sound and strong scientific rationale to implement novel therapeutic approaches combining active and/or passive immunotherapy with systemic administration of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR, or
Tumor hepatocytes and basement membrane–Producing cells specifically express two different forms of the endostatin precursor, collagen XVIII, in human liver cancers
Authors: Orlando Musso, Nathalie Theret, Ritva Heljasvaara, Marko Rehn, Bruno Turlin, Jean-Pierre Campion, Taina Pihlajaniemi, Bruno Clement
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Endostatin is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth in mice, which may be generated by proteolytic cleavage of collagen XVIII. In normal tissues, 2 variants of the endostatin precursor, namely the SHORT and LONG forms, regulate tissue specificity. We analyzed 53 human liver biopsies (18 hepatocellular carcinomas, 16 metastases of colorectal cancer, 3 cholangiocarcinomas, and 16 controls) by RNA dot blots, double-labeling immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization, using common and variant-specific probes. Tumor hepatocytes expressed the LONG form, whereas cholangiocarcinoma cells expressed the SHORT form, which was deposited in tumor basement membranes. Metastatic colorectal carcinoma cells did not express collagen XVIII. In the stromal compartment of primary and metastatic cancers, myofibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells expressed the SHORT form. Both basement membrane components, collagen IV and the SHORT collagen XVIII form, were codistributed and their mRNA levels strongly correlated (R =.75, P <.001). In addition, freshly isolated human hepatocytes expressed the LONG form and culture-activated stellate cells the SHORT form. Moreover, the full-length LONG form is a plasma protein. Thus, the LONG form is a hepatocyte-specific variant, and the SHORT form is a major component of the tumor extracellular matrix in primary and metastatic liver cancers. In the clinical context, the global expression of the endogenous endostatin precursor, collagen XVIII, in liver cancer results from the combined expression profiles of tumor cells, stromal cells, and nontumor hepatocytes at the advancing edge of the tumor, particular to each type of cancer.
Jejunal Endoscopic Polypectomy in the Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Authors: A. Paterlini, C. Huscher, A. Salmi
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

The authors describe a transendoscopic wire snare excision of three jejunal polyps in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Two years previously the patient had undergone surgical jejunal segmental resection for invagination caused by several polyps, one of which revealed carcinoma in situ. The procedure was well tolerated, and the subsequent course was uneventful. Endoscopic follow-up of the proximal jejunal polyps in this syndrome is stressed.
Survival following percutaneous coronary interventions versus coronary artery bypass graft in Northern New England
Authors: Daniel J. O'Rourke, David J. Malenka, Gerald T. O'Connor, John F. Robb, Mirle A. Kellett, Lawrence J. Dacey, Michael A. Hearne, Nathaniel W. Niles, Thomas J. Ryan, Theodore M. Silver, Hebe B. Quinton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Inactivating mutations of the histone methyltransferase gene EZH2 in myeloid disorders
Authors: Thomas Ernst, Andrew J Chase, Joannah Score, Claire E Hidalgo-Curtis, Catherine Bryant, Amy V Jones, Katherine Waghorn, Katerina Zoi, Fiona M Ross, Andreas Reiter, Andreas Hochhaus, Hans G Drexler, Andrew Duncombe, Francisco Cervantes, David Oscier, Jacqueline Boultwood, Francis H Grand, Nicholas C P Cross
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Cholescintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Rotor Syndrome
Authors: AHMET TUTUS, GÜLER SILOV, MUSTAFA KULA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 2-year-old boy with Rotor syndrome was studied with Tc-99m N-(di-isopropylphenyl carbamoylmethyl) iminodiacetic acid (DIPA). In this patient, the liver was not visualized, and there was persistent visualization of the cardiac blood pool and along with prominent kidney excretion. It is concluded that Tc-99m DIPA cholescintigraphy may be helpful in the diagnosis of Rotor syndrome.
Primary Bioassay of Human Myeloma Stem Cells
Authors: Anne Hamburger, Sydney E. Salmon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The ability to clone primary tumors in soft agar has proven useful in the study of the kinetics and biological properties of tumor stem cells. We report the development of an in vitro assay which permits formation of colonies of human monoclonal plasma cells in soft agar. Colony growth has been observed from bone marrow aspirates from 75% of the 70 patients with multiple myeloma or related monoclonal disorders studied. Growth was induced with either 0.02 ml of human type O erythrocytes or 0.25 ml of medium conditioned by the adherent spleen cells of mineral oil-primed BALB/c mice. 5-500 colonies appeared after 2-3 wk in culture yielding a plating efficiency of 0.001-0.1%. The number of myeloma colonies was proportional to the number of cells plated between concentrations of 105-106 and back-extrapolated through zero, suggesting that colonies were clones derived from single myeloma stem cells. Morphological, histochemical, and functional criteria showed the colonies to consist of immature plasmablasts and mature plasma cells. 60-80% of cells picked from colonies contained intracytoplasmic monoclonal immunoglobulin. Colony growth was most easily achieved from the bone marrow cells of untreated patients or those in relapse. Only 50% of bone marrow samples from patients in remission were successfully cultured. Tritiated thymidine suicide studies provided evidence that for most myeloma patients, a very high proportion of myeloma colony-forming cells was actively in transit through the cell cycle. Velocity sedimentation at 1 g showed myeloma stem cells sedimented in a broad band with a peak at 13 mm/h. Antibody to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor did not reduce the number or size of the colonies. Increased numbers of myeloma colonies were seen when the marrow was depleted of colony-stimulating factor elaborating adherent cells before plating. This bioassay should prove useful in studying the in vitro biological behavior of certain bone marrow-derived (B)-cell neoplasia. In addition, systematic and predictive studies of anticancer drug effects on myeloma stem cells should now be feasible.
First-in-human study of angiopeptin-eluting stents: A quantitative coronary angiography and volumetric intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: On-Hing Kwok, Wing-Hing Chow, Chi-Hang Lee, William Ng, Tin-Chu Law, Alex Chiu, Jeffrey J. Popma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Intermittent claudication, heart disease risk factors, and mortality. The Whitehall Study.
Authors: G D Smith, M J Shipley, G Rose
Journal: Circulation (1990)

In the Whitehall study, 18,388 subjects aged 40-64 years completed a questionnaire on intermittent claudication. Of these subjects, 0.8% (147) and 1% (175) were deemed to have probable intermittent claudication and possible intermittent claudication, respectively. Within the 17-year follow-up period, 38% and 40% of the probable and possible cases, respectively, died. Compared with subjects without claudication, the probable cases suffered increased mortality rates due to coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, but the mortality rate due to noncardiovascular causes was not increased. Possible cases demonstrated increased mortality rates due to cardiovascular and noncardiovascular causes. This difference in mortality pattern may be due to chance. Possible and probable cases still showed increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality rates after adjusting for coronary risk factors (cardiac ischemia at baseline, systolic blood pressure, plasma cholesterol concentration, smoking behavior, employment grade, and degree of glucose intolerance). Intermittent claudication is independently related to increased mortality rates. It is not a rare condition, and simple questionnaires exist for its detection. The latter can be usefully incorporated in cardiovascular risk assessment and screening programs.
The Familial Risk of Autism
Authors: Sven Sandin, Paul Lichtenstein, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Henrik Larsson, Christina M. Hultman, Abraham Reichenberg
Journal: JAMA (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aggregates in families, but the individual risk and to what extent this is caused by genetic factors or shared or nonshared environmental factors remains unresolved. <h3>Objective</h3> To provide estimates of familial aggregation and heritability of ASD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A population-based cohort including 2 049 973 Swedish children born 1982 through 2006. We identified 37 570 twin pairs, 2 642 064 full sibling pairs, 432 281 maternal and 445 531 paternal half sibling pairs, and 5 799 875 cousin pairs. Diagnoses of ASD to December 31, 2009 were ascertained. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The relative recurrence risk (RRR) measures familial aggregation of disease. The RRR is the relative risk of autism in a participant with a sibling or cousin who has the diagnosis (exposed) compared with the risk in a participant with no diagnosed family member (unexposed). We calculated RRR for both ASD and autistic disorder adjusting for age, birth year, sex, parental psychiatric history, and parental age. We estimated how much of the probability of developing ASD can be related to genetic (additive and dominant) and environmental (shared and nonshared) factors. <h3>Results</h3> In the sample, 14 516 children were diagnosed with ASD, of whom 5689 had autistic disorder. The RRR and rate per 100 000 person-years for ASD among monozygotic twins was estimated to be 153.0 (95% CI, 56.7-412.8; rate, 6274 for exposed vs 27 for unexposed ); for dizygotic twins, 8.2 (95% CI, 3.7-18.1; rate, 805 for exposed vs 55 for unexposed); for full siblings, 10.3 (95% CI, 9.4-11.3; rate, 829 for exposed vs 49 for unexposed); for maternal half siblings, 3.3 (95% CI, 2.6-4.2; rate, 492 for exposed vs 94 for unexposed); for paternal half siblings, 2.9 (95% CI, 2.2-3.7; rate, 371 for exposed vs 85 for unexposed); and for cousins, 2.0 (95% CI, 1.8-2.2; rate, 155 for exposed vs 49 for unexposed). The RRR pattern was similar for autistic disorder but of slightly higher magnitude. We found support for a disease etiology including only additive genetic and nonshared environmental effects. The ASD heritability was estimated to be 0.50 (95% CI, 0.45-0.56) and the autistic disorder heritability was estimated to 0.54 (95% CI, 0.44-0.64). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among children born in Sweden, the individual risk of ASD and autistic disorder increased with increasing genetic relatedness. Heritability of ASD and autistic disorder were estimated to be approximately 50%. These findings may inform the counseling of families with affected children.
Treatment of Chronic Active Hepatitis with Immunosuppressive Drugs.
Authors: Alvin J. Cummins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Treatment of Chronic Active Hepatitis with Immunosuppressive Drugs.Alvin J. Cummins, M.D., F.A.C.P.Alvin J. Cummins, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1066_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the past 3 years experimental therapy on 12 patients with chronic active hepatitis has been carried out in the Clinical Research Center of the University of Tennessee. The drugs used in therapy have been either azathioprine (Imuran®) or 6-mercaptopurine. There are suggestive data indicating that chronic active hepatitis may, in part at least, be pathogenetically related to an autoimmune reaction. In such cases immunosuppressive drugs could be clinically beneficial.Of the 12 patients, 4 could not be continued on therapy beyond a minimal period of 30 days due to complications of the illness or of therapy. The remaining eight... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Memphis, Tennessee PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1066-1066KeywordsAutoimmune hepatitisChronic hepatitisDrug therapyDrugsImmunosuppressivesPathogens Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...