tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 118: Analysis of biological pathways associated with epirubicin and/or cyclophosphamide response by pathway enrichment analysis in human breast cancers
Authors: Kui Shen, Shara Rice, Dakun Wang, Dave Gingrich, Stacey Brower, Paul Ervin, Michael Gabrin, Nan Song
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recently, a number of different approaches for improving cancer treatment have been developed. One scientific approach is to understand the biochemical pathways and coding genes involved in cancer causation, while other approaches look to distinguish the biochemical pathways involved in drug response. Many chemotherapeutic drugs have been developed targeting different cellular properties, and even more targeted therapies impacting specific oncogenic pathways are on the horizon. Pathways implicated in drug response have been studied to determine why some tumors might respond to a given chemotherapy while others do not. Understanding these pathways may provide potential for improving therapeutic efficacy. Pathway analysis methods have been proposed to discover pathways of interests using gene expression profiling. In this study, the biological pathways associated with response to Epirubicin (E), Cyclophosphamide (C) or the combination of the two drugs (combo EC) were evaluated in both breast cancer cell lines and patients. Thirty immortalized breast cancer cell lines were evaluated for response to these drugs using ChemoFx®. Area under the dose-response curve (AUC) was calculated to measure the chemosensitivity. We applied pathway enrichment to detect specific biochemical pathways associated with these drugs based on biological pathway databases (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Biocarta), breast cancer cell lines’ drug responses and public microarray data. Comparison of pathways associated with single drug E, C, and combo EC revealed that there are pathways associated with drug combination but not significantly associated with single drugs. These drug response-associated pathways offer great potential for new biomarker identification and drug targeting discovery. In addition, EC associated pathways in breast cancer patients were identified using public microarray data and the associated patient clinical outcomes. Of importance, four biological pathways related to adherens junction, leukocyte transendothelial migration, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and ribosomal protein were identified as EC response-associated pathways in both breast cancer cell lines and patients. These common EC response-associated pathways indicate the potential possibility to use cell line in vitro drug responses to predict patient chemotherapy outcomes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 118.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 promotes satiety and suppresses energy intake in humans.
Authors: A Flint, A Raben, A Astrup, J J Holst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

We examined the effect of intravenously infused glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) on subjective appetite sensations after an energy-fixed breakfast, and on spontaneous energy intake at an ad libitum lunch. 20 young, healthy, normal-weight men participated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, blinded, crossover study. Infusion (GLP-1, 50 pmol/ kg.h or saline) was started simultaneously with initiation of the test meals. Visual analogue scales were used to assess appetite sensations throughout the experiment and the palatability of the test meals. Blood was sampled throughout the day for analysis of plasma hormone and substrate levels. After the energy-fixed breakfast, GLP-1 infusion enhanced satiety and fullness compared with placebo (treatment effect: P < 0.03). Furthermore, spontaneous energy intake at the ad libitum lunch was reduced by 12% by GLP-1 infusion compared with saline (P = 0.002). Plasma GLP-1, insulin, glucagon, and blood glucose profiles were affected significantly by the treatment (P < 0.002). In conclusion, the results show that GLP-1 enhanced satiety and reduced energy intake and thus may play a physiological regulatory role in controlling appetite and energy intake in humans.
CONCUSSION OF THE SPINE IN ITS MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS.
Authors: HENRY HOLLINGSWORTH SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1889)

The legal liability of Capitalists and Corporations to be charged with claims for pecuniary damages in cases of injuries received by individuals through a claimed negligence, was established by the English Parliament in the year 1846, and is widely known as Lord Campbell's "Liability Act." Somewhat similar statutes were subsequently enacted by the State Legislatures of this country, and this responsibility on the part of carriers and employers is generally regarded as wise and tending to the proper protection of life and limb. In Great Britain the "liability act" is the same throughout the Kingdom, but in the United States it varies somewhat in different States, especially in the amount of damages that can be claimed. In Michigan the limit of a claim is fixed at $5,000; in New York it is $10,000; in Mississippi it is such compensation as shall be deemed fair and just in reference to the
Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Autoimmune Neuromuscular Diseases
Authors: Marinos C. Dalakas
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) enhances immune homeostasis by modulating expression and function of Fc receptors, interfering with activation of complement and production of cytokines, providing anti-idiotypic antibodies, and affecting the activation and effector functions of T and B cells. These mechanisms may explain the effectiveness of IVIG in autoimmune neuromuscular disorders.To systematically review the current status of the treatment of autoimmune neuromuscular diseases with IVIG, with emphasis on controlled trials.Peer-reviewed publications identified through MEDLINE (1966-2003), EMBASE (1974-2003), and references from bibliographies of pertinent articles. Each autoimmune neuromuscular disease term was searched in combination with the term intravenous immunoglobulin.Criteria for selection of studies included controlled study design, English language, and clinical pertinence. Data quality was based on venue of publication and relevance to clinical care.Outcomes of controlled trials indicate that IVIG at a total dose of 2 g/kg is effective as first-line therapy in Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and multifocal motor neuropathy and as second-line therapy in stiff-person syndrome, dermatomyositis, myasthenia gravis, and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. In other controlled studies, IVIG produced a modest, variable, and transient but not statistically significant benefit in patients with inclusion body myositis and paraproteinemic anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibody demyelinating polyneuropathy. Intravenous immunoglobulin is not effective in patients with multiple sclerosis who have established weakness or optic neuritis. In myasthenia gravis, it should be reserved for difficult cases or before thymectomy in lieu of plasma exchange.Intravenous immunoglobulin is effective in many autoimmune neurologic diseases, but its spectrum of efficacy, especially as first-line therapy, and the appropriate dose for long-term maintenance therapy are not fully established. Further controlled studies of IVIG, combined with a dose-finding effect, pharmacoeconomics, and quality-of-life assessments, are warranted to improve the evidence base for clinical practice.
Sleeping on stomach is associated with sudden death in epilepsy, study finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

People with epilepsy who sleep on their stomach may be at higher risk of sudden unexpected death, indicates a systematic review showing that nearly three quarters of people with epilepsy who died unexpectedly had been sleeping in the prone position, suggesting a shared mechanism with sudden infant death syndrome.1

“Sudden unexpected death is the main cause of death in uncontrolled epilepsy and usually occurs unwitnessed during sleep,” explained the study’s lead author, James Tao, associate professor of …
Relative Incidence of Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers
Authors: E. M. Brooke
Journal: BMJ (1950)

The relative incidence of gastric and duodenal ulcers is a subject about which there is some divergence of opinion.Before the war, owing to the absence of any national morbidity statistics, the only sources of information were records of individual hospitals and the Registrar-General's returns of deaths.During the war a study was made of the causes of admission to E.M.S. hospitals, thus providing a rather larger and more uniform, though admittedly biased, set of data.The Survey of Sickness was also begun, involving sampling over the national field, though the data may be open to question as depending on the memory of the person interviewed and his statement of diagnosis.Both death returns and hospital studies showed a prepon- derance of gastric over duodenal ulcers, yet it was a commonly held opinion that the proportion of duodenal to gastric ulcers was five to one or possibly higher.The Registrar-General's returns distinguish duodenal ulcer from ulcer of the stomach.The latter term includes, in the International List of Causes of Death, the somewhat vague term "peptic ulcer," but where a certificate bears this term inquiry is made regarding the exact site, so that only those ulcers whose site is not known are left in this group.The numbers of deaths in England and Wales for the periods 1929-38 and 1939-47 are shown in Table I.
Recent Advances in Rheumatic Diseases: 1967 Through 1969
Authors: RICHARD H. FERGUSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Clinical highlights of the rheumatologic literature in the English language, 1967 through 1969, are presented. Substantial interest has developed in the possibility of an infectious genesis of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Reiter's syndrome. Extensive studies on the rheumatoid synovial reaction have led to a better understanding of associated immune phenomena. Determination of synovial-fluid complement can be of diagnostic help in rheumatoid arthritis, and serum-complement value is a valuable guide to activity of the disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Hyperuricemia caused by inherited enzyme deficiencies and also resulting from certain renal factors is elucidated. Urate-protein binding may play a significant role in gout. Many advances have been made in understanding and recognition of rheumatologic disease patterns in other entities.
Extended eosinophilic pustular folliculitis with reactive bone marrow hypereosinophilia responsive to combined treatment with indomethacin, dapsone, and narrow-band UVB phototherapy
Authors: Astrid Schmieder, Friederike Damm, Georg Haus, Katharina Lentz, Sergij Goerdt, Wiebke K. Peitsch
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
Erratum to “Folate-conjugated methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(ε-caprolactone) amphiphilic block copolymeric micelles for tumor-targeted drug delivery” [Journal of Controlled Release 109 (2005) 158–168]
Authors: Eun Kyoung Park, So Yeon Kim, Sang Bong Lee, Young Moo Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Retained Placenta and Post-Partum Haemorrhage
Authors: H. L. Sheehan
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Though the complications during the third stage of labour and immediately after it are really the province of the obstetrician, it may perhaps be of interest to consider them from the somewhat different point of view of the patho logist. The following observations are based on a series of 98 patients with such complications who died and were studied at necropsy at Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital. Sixty-six of these patients died as a direct result of haemor rhage and shock, nearly always within 12 hours after the delivery of the baby. The other 32 had similar haemor rhage and shock but recovered temporarily ; they died later in the puerperium from other causes. It will of course be clear that the relative frequency of *ne complications of the third stage in the present series of fatal cases is probably not the same as that in patients who do not die. It should also be remarked that the present data cannot be compared directly with those of Glass and Rosenthal (1948), as the cases have been classified on quite different lines.
Atopic and non-atopic eczema
Authors: Sara Brown, Nick J Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Delays in intensive care unit (ICU) admission are associated with higher mortality in community acquired pneumonia (CAP). (<i>Phua J, Eur Resp J 2010;36:826</i>). In 2008 we employed minor severity criteria from the 2007 IDSA/ATS guidelines<i> plus</i> point of care lactate to identify high risk patients in the emergency department (ED) for rapid resuscitation and direct admission to the ICU. (<i>Phua J, Thorax 2009;64:598</i>) This was associated with reduced mortality in severe CAP, without increasing ICU admission rates. (<i>Lim TK, Int. Forum on Quality &amp; Safety in Healthcare 2012</i>). <b>Intervention:</b> In July 2010 we implemented peer-to-peer feedback(p2p) on severe CAP management between ED &amp; ICU teams to improve teamwork and safety. (<i>Hudson DW, et al Am J Med Qual. 2011 Dec 27</i>) <b>Results:</b> From Jul 2010-Dec 2011 we admitted 243 patients with severe CAP in our ICU. ICU admission were delayed in 36% and hospital deaths 22.2%. Delays in ICU admission increased from 31% in 2010 to 40% in 2011. Nevertheless, there was a small drop in overall mortality (25.5% to 20%) mostly in patients directly admitted to ICU which fell from 26.5% to 17.2%. Mortality in delayed ICU admissions was stable (23.9% to 23.3%). Adherence to the resuscitation bundle was high in 2010: point of care lactate test 91%, antibiotics 97%, intravenous fluids 95% &amp; vaso-pressors 100%. But it fell in 2011 to 84%, 80%, 98% &amp; 86% respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> In the management of severe CAP p2p was associated with reduction in mortality without increasing early/direct ICU admissions rates. Timely and sustained p2p feedback may be required to maintain a high degree of adherence to resuscitation bundles and to further improve patient outcomes in severe CAP.
Mycobacterium kansasii Infection
Authors: Gregory T. Valainis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 September 1991Mycobacterium kansasii InfectionGregory T. Valainis, MDGregory T. Valainis, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-6-496 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:I read with great interest Levine and Chaisson's report (1) onMycobacterium kansasiiinfection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Their clinical findings differed markedly from those of our recent study of the same subject (2). In our study, the findings in 23 patients with positive cultures forM. kansasiiand HIV infection more closely resembled those seen in patients withM. aviumcomplex infection. In fact,M. aviumcomplex was cultured concomitantly withM. kansasiiin 7 of the 23 patients. Furthermore, pulmonary cavitation was not seen in any patient at the time of...References1. LevineChaisson BR. Mycobacterium kansasii: a cause of treatable pulmonary disease associated with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:861-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ValainisCardonaGreer GLD. The spectrum of Mycobacterium kansasii disease associated with HIV-1 infected patients. J Acq Immun Def Synd. 1991;4:516-20. MedlineGoogle Scholar1. LevineChaisson BR. Mycobacterium kansasii: a cause of treatable pulmonary disease associated with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:861-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ValainisCardonaGreer GLD. The spectrum of Mycobacterium kansasii disease associated with HIV-1 infected patients. J Acquired Immun Def Synd. 1991;4:516-20. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. DriksBambergerGupta MDM. Mycobacterium kansasii infection in HIV-infected patients. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, Italy, June 17-18, 1991: Abstract 2434. Google Scholar4. AhnMcLartyAhnAhnHurst CJSSG. Diagnostic criteria for pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium intracellulare. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982;125:388-91. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. . Joint Position Paper of the American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Control. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;136:492-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Spartanburg Regional Medical Center Spartanburg, South Carolina 29303 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAtypical Mycobacteria in AIDSMycobacterium kansasii: its presentation, treatment and outcome in HIV infected patients.Infection à Mycobacterium kansasii chez des patients infectés par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaineNon-tuberculous mycobacterial infections 15 September 1991Volume 115, Issue 6Page: 496-497KeywordsHIVHIV infections Issue Published: 15 September 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Microcytosis in Hodgkin disease associated with unbalanced globin chain synthesis
Authors: John L. Fahey, Samuel Rahbar, Mark J. Farbstein, Stephen J. Forman, Karl G. Blume, Ernest Beutler
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract A review of 162 patients with Hodgkin disease disclosed 36 with microcytic anemia (mean corpuscular hemaglobin values [MCV] &lt;80 fl). Three patients had iron deficiency, and one had β‐thalassemia. Of the remaining 32 patients, 24 had microcytic anemia at the time of diagnosis of Hodgkin disease, and ten, including two patients with this finding initially, developed microcytic anemia in association with recurrence of Hodgkin disease. Seven patients with Hodgkin disease and normal MCV had normal α‐to‐β‐globin chain ratios (1.0 ± 0.14). Seven patients with Hodgkin disease and MCV &lt;80 fl had significantly lower α‐to‐β chain ratios (0.66 ± 0.05). Twelve normal controls and four with iron‐deficiency anemia and MCV &lt;80 fl had normal ratios. Anemia was corrected, and MCV returned to normal in all patients who responded to therapy for Hodgkin disease. In the two patients studied sequentially, abnormal α‐to‐β‐chain ratio was corrected along with the anemia.
Adrenergic Modulation of Pancreatic Glucagon Secretion in Man
Authors: John E. Gerich, Maurice Langlois, Claudio Noacco, Victor Schneider, Peter H. Forsham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

In order to characterize the influence of the adrenergic system on pancreatic glucagon secretion in man, changes in basal glucagon secretion during infusions of pure alpha and beta adrenergic agonists and their specific antagonists were studied. During infusion of isoproterenol (3 μg/min), a beta adrenergic agonist, plasma glucagon rose from a mean (±SE) basal level of 104±10 to 171±15 pg/ml, P < 0.0002. Concomitant infusion of propranolol (80 μg/min), a beta adrenergic antagonist, prevented the effects of isoproterenol, although propranolol itself had no effect on basal glucagon secretion. During infusion of methoxamine (0.5 mg/min), an alpha adrenergic agonist, plasma glucagon declined from a mean basal level of 122±15 to 75±17 pg/ml, P < 0.001. Infusion of phentolamine (0.5 mg/min), an alpha adrenergic antagonist, caused a rise in plasma glucagon from a mean basal level of 118±16 to 175±21 pg/ml, P < 0.0001. Concomitant infusion of methoxamine with phentolamine caused a reversal of the effects of phentolamine.
Scotland sets six week target for diagnostic tests from April
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Waiting times for eight diagnostic tests are to be cut to a maximum of six weeks in Scotland from April after the success of an improvement programme.

The current nine week target has been met throughout Scotland as a result of a £50m (€60m; $75m) diagnostics collaborative programme, which has led to changes in how the service is managed and delivered. The number of patients who wait longer than nine weeks fell from 10 638 in July 2006 to just two this July.

The performance of the diagnostic service has been reviewed by Audit Scotland. It welcomes the …
Acute adrenal crisis precipitated by thyroxine.
Authors: V Fonseca, R Brown, D Hochhauser, J Ginsburg, C W Havard
Journal: BMJ (1986)

It is well recognised that in patients with pituitary insufficiency thyroid hormone replacement without concomitant adrenal steroid replacement may precipitate an acute adrenal crisis.'It is less widely appreciated that similar problems may arise during treatment of primary myxoedema if the patient also has unrecognised or subclinical adrenocortical disease.We report on two patients with primary hypothyroidism in whom thyroxine replacement precipitated an acute addisonian crisis. Case reports CASE 1A 47 year old woman had presented elsewhere three years previously with a history of lethargy.No clinical or biochemical abnormality had been detected.Her symptoms persisted, and two years later a low serum thyroxine concentration and a-raised serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentration were recorded.Plasma urea and electrolyte concentrations were normal.She was prescribed thyroxine 50 tg daily, increasing to 100 tg after two weeks, but felt ill and dizzy, lost weight, and stopped taking the
Effects of different training intensities on 24-hour blood pressure in hypertensive subjects.
Authors: M Marceau, N Kouamé, Y Lacourcière, J Cléroux
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that physical training decreases blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, but the importance of training intensity has not been established. This study compared the effects of endurance training at different intensities on ambulatory blood pressure and on blood pressure load (percentage of readings above 140/90 and 120/80 mm Hg during the waking and sleeping periods, respectively). METHODS AND RESULTS Previously sedentary subjects with mild to moderate hypertension were evaluated in a crossover fashion according to a Latin square after a sedentary control period and after training at low and at moderate intensity corresponding to 50% and 70% of maximal oxygen uptake, respectively. Each period lasted 10 weeks. After training at moderate intensity, a higher maximal oxygen uptake was found compared with sedentary values but not after training at low intensity. Both training intensities exerted a similar antihypertensive effect of about 5 mm Hg for systolic and diastolic 24-hour blood pressures. However, training at low intensity reduced blood pressure exclusively during the walking hours, whereas training at a moderate intensity reduced blood pressure only during the evening and sleeping hours. Waking blood pressure load decreased from 66% to 49% after training at low intensity, whereas sleeping blood pressure load decreased from 61% to 34% after training at moderate intensity (both P &lt; .05). CONCLUSIONS Low- and moderate-intensity training produce similar 24-hour blood pressure reductions, but each training intensity may interfere with different pathogenic effects associated with different blood pressure profiles.