tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood Leukemia and Parents' Occupational and Home Exposures&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R A Lowengart, J M Peters, C Cicioni, J Buckley, L Bernstein, S Preston-Martin, E Rappaport
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

A case-control study of children of ages 10 years and under in Los Angeles County was conducted to investigate the causes of leukemia. The mothers and fathers of acute leukemia cases and their individually matched controls were interviewed regarding specific occupational and home exposures as well as other potential risk factors associated with leukemia. Analysis of the information from the 123 matched pairs showed an increased risk of leukemia for children whose fathers had occupational exposure after the birth of the child to chlorinated solvents [odds ratio (OR) = 3.5, P = .01], spray paint (OR = 2.0, P = .02), dyes or pigments (OR = 4.5, P = .03), methyl ethyl ketone (CAS: 78-93-3; OR = 3.0, P = .05), and cutting oil (OR = 1.7, P = .05) or whose fathers were exposed during the mother's pregnancy with the child to spray paint (OR = 2.2, P = .03). For all of these, the risk associated with frequent use was greater than for infrequent use. There was an increased risk of leukemia for the child if the father worked in industries manufacturing transportation equipment (mostly aircraft) (OR = 2.5, P = .03) or machinery (OR = 3.0, P = .02). An increased risk was found for children whose parents used pesticides in the home (OR = 3.8, P = .004) or garden (OR = 6.5, P = .007) or who burned incense in the home (OR = 2.7, P = .007). The risk was greater for frequent use. Risk of leukemia was related to mothers' employment in personal service industries (OR = 2.7, P = .04) but not to specified occupational exposures. Risk related to fathers' exposure to chlorinated solvents, employment in the transportation equipment-manufacturing industry, and parents' exposure to household or garden pesticides and incense remains statistically significant after adjusting for the other significant findings.
Down‐Regulation of Rac GTPase‐Activating Protein OCRL1 Causes Aberrant Activation of Rac1 in Osteoarthritis Development
Authors: Shouan Zhu, Jun Dai, Huanhuan Liu, Xiaoxia Cong, Yishan Chen, Yan Wu, Hu Hu, Boon Chin Heng, Hong Wei Ouyang, Yiting Zhou
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Chondrocyte hypertrophy and mineralization are considered to be important pathologic factors in osteoarthritis (OA). We previously reported that Rac1 was aberrantly activated to promote chondrocyte hypertrophy, mineralization, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 and ADAMTS in OA. However, the underlying mechanism of aberrant Rac1 activation in OA is unclear. The present study was undertaken to identify the specific molecular regulator controlling Rac1 activity in OA, as well as to investigate its function in chondrocyte hypertrophy, mineralization, and OA development.Expression levels of 28 upstream regulators of Rac1 activity, including 8 GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and 20 guanine nucleotide exchange factors, in OA and normal cartilage were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Chondrocytes were transduced with lentiviral vectors encoding OCRL1, GAP, non-GAP, CA-Rac1, and DN-Rac1, either alone or in combination. Alkaline phosphatase staining was used as a marker of chondrocyte hypertrophy. Rac1 activity was analyzed by pulldown assay. Finally, OA was established in mice by surgical transection of the anterior cruciate ligament and cutting of the medial meniscus. The mice were injected intraarticularly with OCRL1-encoding lentivirus, and whole joints were assessed histologically 6 weeks after surgery.OCRL1 was abundantly expressed in normal cartilage and was the only significantly down-regulated RacGAP in OA cartilage. Overexpression of OCRL1 inhibited interleukin-1β-induced Rac1 activity, chondrocyte hypertrophy, and expression of hypertrophy-related genes. Conversely, knockdown of OCRL1 elevated Rac1 activity and promoted chondrocyte hypertrophy and mineralization. Further, OCRL1 modulated Rac1 activity via its GAP domain. Finally, intraarticular injection of OCRL1-encoding lentivirus protected against destruction and degeneration of cartilage in the mouse OA model.OCRL1 acts as a RacGAP in cartilage to impede chondrocyte hypertrophy and OA development through modulating Rac1 activity. This regulatory pathway might provide potential targets for the development of new therapies for OA.
Should women abstain from alcohol throughout pregnancy?
Authors: Mary Mather, Kate Wiles, Patrick O’Brien
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Everyone agrees that current advice on alcohol is inconsistent and confusing, but whereas <b>Mary Mather</b> and <b>Kate Wiles</b> conclude we should move to a clear recommendation to abstain, <b>Patrick O'Brien</b> thinks it is wrong to assume pregnant women cannot understand the evidence
Particulate matter (PM10) alters the virulence of pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA01
Authors: Naseem Mushtaq, Richard Waite, Jonathan Grigg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: A cause of chronic respiratory morbidity is infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PS) – especially during exacerbations in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 1,2,3 . Associations between exposure to particulate matter air pollution (PM) and CF and COPD exacerbations have been reported 4,5 , but the mechanisms are unclear. We sought to assess whether PM 10  alters the secretion of virulence factors in vitro.  Methods: An overnight growth of PS strain PA01 was inoculated into cell culture medium, +/- 50ug/ml of urban PM 10  and harvested. Cultures were then filter sterilised and the supernatant incubated with the lung alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) for 2hrs. Cytotoxicity was then assessed by the MTT assay.  Results: PM 10  increased the virulence of the PA01 strain as observed by the MTT assay. Compared with control, PS+50ug/ml of PM 10  supernatants statistically increased cytotoxicity p=0.0001.  Conclusion: Exposure of PS to PM 10  results in the production of virulence factors that are cytotoxic to airway epithelial cells. This may contribute to the association between exposure to air pollution and exacerbations of COPD and CF patients.  1.Murphy TF. Clin Inf Dis 2008 Aug ; 47 :1534-6  2.Juan C et al. AAC. June 2008 ; 52(6) 2285-6  3.Goss et al. Thorax 2007 ; 62(4) : 360-367  4.Zanobetto A. Env H. Persp. 2000 Nov;108(11):1071-7.  5.Goeminne P. Chest. 2012 Oct 15.
Active and Passive Immunization of Cats With Inactivated Feline Oncornaviruses 2
Authors: J. P. Schaller, E. A. Hoover, R. G. Olsen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The humoral Immune responses of young (<1 mo) and older (>6 mo) cats to killed and live feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline sarcoma virus (FeSV), and the feline oncornavirus associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA) were evaluated. in addition, the biologic responses to oncogenic feline oncornavlrus challenge were analyzed in cats actively immunized with inactivated Gardner-Arnstein FeSV (GA-FeSV) or passively immunized with either the Rickard FeLV (R-FeLV) or GA-FeSV. Kittens were immunized during the first month of life with UV- or formalin-inactivated GA-FeSV and challenged at 5–6 weeks of age with a known oncogenic dose of GA-FeSV. Passive immunization was evaluated in kittens that suckled mothers immunized during pregnancy with purified GA-FeSV or R-FeLV. Kittens during the first month of life were capable of producing humoral antibody against FOCMA and keyhole-limpet hemocyanin. Apparently linear disease responses to live R-FeLV from susceptibility (viremia with no FOCMA antibody) to resistance (no viremia and high FOCMA antibody level) were observed in cats from birth to 4 months of age. Newborn kittens failed to develop FOCMA and virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody (<1:2) following challenge, whereas adult cats responded with significant levels of FOCMA and VN antibody 2 months after infection. Thirty-three young kittens immunized with UV- or formalin-inactivated GA-FeSV failed to develop significant levels of VN antibody (≤2) in contrast to 7 immunized adult female cats that responded with significant levels (mean titer, 1:14). No evidence of protection from oncogenic challenge was observed in actively immunized kittens. Moreover, the results suggested that vaccinated kittens were more susceptible to oncogenic virus challenge than were nonvaccinated cats. Actively immunized cats had a shorter survival time, greater primary tumor size, faster rate of tumor growth, and a greater extent of tumor metastases. in addition, significantly fewer immunized cats responded to FOCMA and viral envelope antigens than did nonimmunized cats. With the use of the same criteria, definitive evidence of protection from oncogenic virus challenge was observed in kittens that had been nursed by dams vaccinated during pregnancy.
Truthfulness of More Optimistic vs Less Optimistic Messages for Patients With Advanced Cancer—Reply
Authors: Kimberson Tanco, Eduardo Bruera
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With Burkitt's Lymphoma Cells: Membrane Markers and Serum Immunoglobulin&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J L Preud'homme, J C Brouet, F Danon, G Flandrin, G Schaison
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Blast cells from 24 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia of Burkitt's cell type were studied for lymphocyte surface markers. The leukemia cells were of B-cell origin in 23 cases and showed a non-B, non-T phenotype in 1 case. Surface immunoglobulins on blast cells were monoclonal, with a striking predominance of cases with light chains of lambda type. They consisted most often of high-density IgM usually without associated IgD. However, 3 patients had cells with surface IgG and 1 had surface IgA. The blast cells lacked detectable IgG Fc receptors in more than half the patients. Serum immunoglobulins were studied in 15 cases: A monoclonal IgM was found in 5 patients (whose blast cells had surface IgM) and a Bence Jones protein was found in 2 others, both of whom had blasts with surface IgG lambda.
Residual mass: an indication for further therapy in patients with advanced seminoma following systemic chemotherapy.
Authors: R Motzer, G Bosl, R Heelan, W Fair, W Whitmore, P Sogani, H Herr, M Morse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Forty-one advanced seminoma patients with normal biochemical markers and a complete or partial radiographic response after cisplatin-based chemotherapy had a complete reevaluation of all known sites of disease. Twenty-three patients had a residual mass, and in 14 the mass was greater than or equal to 3 cm. Nineteen patients with a residual mass, including 13 with a mass greater than or equal to 3 cm in diameter, had surgical excision or biopsy. Four patients had viable seminoma and one patient had teratoma; all five of these patients had residual masses greater than or equal to 3 cm. Four patients with a residual mass were observed without surgery. One patient with a residual mass greater than or equal to 3 cm progressed with biopsy-proven seminoma. Therefore, six of 14 patients (42%) with a residual mass greater than or equal to 3 cm had viable residual tumor. Eighteen patients had no residual mass after chemotherapy. Ten of these patients had surgery or biopsy; none had viable tumor, but two have relapsed. Eight patients were observed and none have relapsed. Advanced seminoma patients with a residual mass greater than or equal to 3 cm after chemotherapy are at high risk for residual viable tumor. Additional therapy is indicated for these patients. For patients with normal imaging studies or a residual mass less than 3 cm, close observation without surgery is generally possible.
India health minister lists measures to meet nation’s need for doctors
Authors: Cheryl Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Relaxing the ratio of teachers to medical students, increasing the age limit of medical college teachers, and boosting undergraduate places are some of the current strategies to meet the demand for doctors in India by 2020, said JP Nadda, the union health minister, in a written reply to the upper house of the Indian parliament last week.1

The World Health Organization recommends a ratio of one doctor to 1000 people. With its estimated …
Host-Derived Cells Within Antibody-Dependent Murine Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D E Tracey, S L Silberman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Mouse ascites tumor preparations had strong antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic (ADCC) activity, whereas cultured tumor cells did not. L5178 lymphoma cells reversibly expressed surface Fc receptors in vivo but not in vitro. Cultured lymphoma cells grown in vivo in diffusion chambers expressed Fc receptors but not ADCC activity. These results suggest that an Fc receptor is not sufficient to endow a cell with ADCC activity. The transplanted ascites tumors L5178 and MOT, an ovarian teratoma, contained about 2-5% host-derived cells, which represents a significant increase in the total number of host-derived peritoneal cells compared to the number of cells found in nontumor-bearing mice. These infiltrating host cells were separated from the ascites tumor cells by velocity sedimentation and by lysis with antibody and complement. In both instances, all the ADCC activity was associated with the host cells, whereas cells, such as killer cells and macrophage;, infiltrate ascites tumors and completely account for the potent ADCC activity associated with ascites tumor preparations.
Mutation and Cancer: A Model for Human Carcinogenesis2
Authors: Suresh H. Moolgavkar, Alfred G. Knudson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

A model for carcinogenesis is presented that provides a framework for understanding the roles of "spontaneous" events, hereditary factors, and environmental agents in human carcinogenesis and for interpreting experimental carcinogenesis. This model incorporates two features: a) transition of target stem cells into cancer cells via an intermediate stage in two irreversible steps, and b) growth and differentiation of normal target and intermediate cells. Cast in mathematical terms, the model can be fitted to age-specific incidence data on human cancers of both children and adults and can illuminate the relative importance of agents that affect transition rates, tissue growth, and tissue differentiation. This is illustrated by application of the model to a) the epidemiology of lung cancer with emphasis on the role of cigarette smoking and b) the epidemiology of breast cancer with emphasis on the roles of hormones, radiation, and hereditary. The nature of the two events and of the intermediate stage is considered in light of hereditary conditions that predispose to cancer in humans. The modes of action of radiation and chemicals in carcinogenesis are discussed, as are predictions based on the model and amenable to experimental verification.
Late-breaking abstract: Multidimensional assessment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Rita Aguiar, Ana Mendes, Maria Jesus Valente, Salete Valente
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is adressed as a systemic disease and there is an interest in understanding their impact in day life.The 6-Minute Walk Test (PM6) is a simple and effective way to evaluate intolerance to the efforts and it can be usefull in COPD.

Objectives:To correlate the distance traveled in PM6 with the stage GOLD(G) of COPD, the diffusion of carbon monoxide (DLCO),the saturation of O2 (SpO2),heart rate (HR),Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Modified Dyspnea Scale Medical Research Council (MMRC) and also to verify if there is a correlation between(Bt) the degree of dyspnea and fatigue applied by the Borg scale and the stage of disease.

Materials and Methods:COPD outpatients followed at the Pneumology Department were enrolled for this study.All the patients (Pts) performed spirometry, plethysmography and PM6. BMI, DLCO,HR, SpO2and dyspnea using the Scale of the MMRC were accessed.The Borg scale for dyspnea and fatigue was applied pre and post PM6.The physiological and functional variables were correlated with the distance in PM6.

Results:50 male pts, mean age 65; 1G1,27G2, 17G3, 5G4. We verified a stastisticaly significative direct correlation Bt the distance in PM6 and DLCO for all pts (r= 0295, p<0.05). Pts G4 also had a direct correlation Bt BMI and DLCO(r= 0919, p<0.05).Pts G3 showed an inverse correlation by dyspnea (Borg scale) and the distance covered in PM6. This correlation was not verified with fatigue neither within the others GOLD stages.No others significant correlations were found.

Conclusions:PM6 demonstrated to be safe and simple to perform and can be correlate to several parameters that can allow a better understanding of COPD.
Is lactate a prognostic factor in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE)
Authors: Caterina Bonino, Valentina Rosti, Chiara Travierso, Federico Piffer, Stefano Aliberti, Giovanna Guiotto, Giuseppina Petrelli, Antonio Voza, Antonio Villa, Roberta Marenzi, Anna Maria Brambilla, Roberto Cosentini
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

ACPE is a common cause of admission to Emergency Dpt(ED).  Lactate levels are a key factor in critical patients.  AIM:To investigate in ACPE patients relationship between high lactate levels (HLL) on admission (T0) and clinical failure and lactate clearance (LC) calculated in first hours(T1)and clinical failure.  METHODS: Prospective, observational, multicentric, web-based study on ACPE patients admitted to18 EDs. HLL: ≥2mmol/L. LC: (LactateT0–LactateT1)/Lactate T0. Clinical failure: in-hospital mortality, ACPE mortality and IOT.  RESULTS:From May2009 to June2011, 475 patients were enrolled. 46patients were clinical failure. Table1 shows data on admission. There was no significant difference in lactate level on admission. We calculated LC in 392patients. 42patients were clinical failure. There was a significant difference between LC in clinical success (0,31±0,66) and in clinical failure (0,08±0,59).  CONCLUSIONS: We observed that in ACPE patients HLL on admission are not predictive of clinical failure but reduction of lactate independently of baseline levels is associated with clinical success.
Effect of Progesterone on Cell Proliferation in the MXT Mouse Hormone-Sensitive Mammary Neoplasm<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref>
Authors: R Kiss, R J Paridaens, J C Heuson, A J Danguy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The transplantable MXT mouse mammary tumor is an experimental model for which the growth is modulated by ovarian hormones; because of scant knowledge about the effects of progesterone (Pg) alone on cancer cells, the present investigation was made. By measuring the percentage of cells with labeled nuclei after tritiated thymidine ([3H)dThd) injection 1 hour prior to sacrifice [dThd labeling index (TLI)], a study was made of the effect (in vivo) of a near physiologic dose of Pg (125 µg ip) on cell proliferation in uteri (as the control Pg target organ) and on tumors of spayed (C57BL♀×DBA/2F♂)F1 mice. Pg induced a significant and transient rise in TLI, which increased from the 12th to the 24th hour after its injection. This mitogenic effect on tumors was comparable to that elicited by 0.25 µg 17β-estradiol injected under similar conditions. In vivo brief exposure of castrated mice to Pg induced a significant mitogenic effect on MXT tumors. These observations might have important consequences for a better understanding of the endocrine mechanisms involved in human hormone-dependent breast cancer.
Comparison of Glomerular and Podocyte mRNA Profiles in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes
Authors: Jia Fu, Chengguo Wei, Kyung Lee, Weijia Zhang, Wu He, Peter Chuang, Zhihong Liu, John Cijiang He
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Evaluating the mRNA profile of podocytes in the diabetic kidney may indicate genes involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. To determine if the podocyte-specific gene information contained in mRNA profiles of the whole glomerulus of the diabetic kidney accurately reflects gene expression in the isolated podocytes, we crossed Nos3−/− IRG mice with podocin-rtTA and TetON-Cre mice for enhanced green fluorescent protein labeling of podocytes before diabetic injury. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin, and mRNA profiles of isolated glomeruli and sorted podocytes from diabetic and control mice were examined 10 weeks later. Expression of podocyte-specific markers in glomeruli was downregulated in diabetic mice compared with controls. However, expression of these markers was not altered in sorted podocytes from diabetic mice. When mRNA levels of glomeruli were corrected for podocyte number per glomerulus, the differences in podocyte marker expression disappeared. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes in diabetic mice also revealed distinct upregulated pathways in the glomeruli (mitochondrial function, oxidative stress) and in podocytes (actin organization). In conclusion, our data suggest reduced expression of podocyte markers in glomeruli is a secondary effect of reduced podocyte number, thus podocyte-specific gene expression detected in the whole glomerulus may not represent that in podocytes in the diabetic kidney.