tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum induced by rifampicin in human and guinea-pig hepatocytes
Authors: A. M. Jezequel, F. Orlandi, L. T. Tenconi
Journal: Gut (1971)

Rifampicin induces a proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in guinea-pig and human hepatocytes. This may support the hypothesis of enhancement of drug-metabolizing enzymes induced by the drug. However, the pattern of proliferation is not similar in man and in guinea-pig hepatocytes. Some caution is needed in the study of enzyme induction in man and in extrapolations from animal to human data.
Shear stress is a positive regulator of thimet oligopeptidase (EC3.4.24.15) in vascular endothelial cells: consequences for MHC1 levels
Authors: Anthony F. Guinan, Keith D. Rochfort, Paul A. Fitzpatrick, Tony G. Walsh, Adrian R. Pierotti, Susan Phelan, Ronan P. Murphy, Philip M. Cummins
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Thimet oligopeptidase (TOP, endopeptidase EC3.4.24.15) is a soluble metallopeptidase known to be expressed within the mammalian vasculature. We examine for the first time the relationship between TOP expression and laminar shear stress, a haemodynamic force associated with endothelium-mediated vascular homeostasis. Human and bovine aortic endothelial cells were exposed to physiological levels of laminar shear (0–10 dynes/cm2, 24–48 h) and monitored for TOP expression using promoter activity assay, qRT–PCR, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. Using a luciferase reporter encoding the full-length rat TOP promoter, initial studies demonstrated shear-dependent promoter activation (∼five-fold). TOP mRNA and protein were also consistently up-regulated by shear, events which could be completely prevented by pre-treatment of cells with either N-acetylcysteine, superoxide dismutase, or catalase, confirming ROS involvement. Consistent with this, targeted inhibition of NADPH oxidase (apocynin, NSC23766, NOX4 siRNA) had a similar blocking effect. Finally, in view of its pivotal role in cellular antigen presentation and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-1 regulation, we hypothesized that the shear-dependent induction of TOP may lower MHC1 expression. In this respect, we observed that recombinant TOP over-expression in static HAECs dose-dependently depleted MHC1 (>60%), while siRNA-mediated blockade of TOP induction in sheared HAECs led to substantially elevated MHC1 (∼66%). Our findings demonstrate that laminar shear positively regulates endothelial TOP expression. Moreover, a role for ROS production by NADPH oxidase is indicated. Finally, our studies suggest that shear-dependent TOP induction down-regulates MHC1 levels, pointing to a role for TOP in the flow-mediated regulation of endothelial immunogenicity.
Bioterrorism: Guidelines for Medical and Public Health Management
Authors: Elias Abrutyn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes3 December 2002Bioterrorism: Guidelines for Medical and Public Health ManagementElias Abrutyn, MDElias Abrutyn, MDDrexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-11-200212030-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Henderson DA, Inglesby TV, O'Toole T, eds. 244 pages. Chicago: American Medical Assoc; 2002. $29.95. ISBN 157947280X. Order phone 800-621-8335 or at www.amapress.com.Field of medicine: Infectious diseases, microbiology, and public health.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians, emergency medicine personnel, infectious diseases physicians, medical microbiologists, hospital epidemiologists, infection control practitioners, public health officials, and lawyers addressing public health issues.Purpose: To guide medical and public health efforts following a biological weapons attack on civilian populations.Content: Before the anthrax attacks of 2001, the Working Group on Bioterrorism published widely read consensus statements on the medical and public health ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 December 2002Volume 137, Issue 11Page: 938KeywordsAnthraxInfectious disease epidemiologyInfectious diseasesPrevention, policy, and public healthPrimary care physiciansQuarantinesResearch laboratoriesSoftware toolsTularemiaViral hemorrhagic fevers ePublished: 3 December 2002 Issue Published: 3 December 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
GW25-e4386 The platelet receptor P2Y12 gene polymorphisms and thrombelastography could predict the risk of bleeding events in clopidogrel-treated Chinese patients after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zhang Jiahui, Tang Xiaofang, Wang Jing, Yao Yi, Gao Runlin, Gao Zhan, Wu Yuan, Chen Jue, Meng Xianmin, Yuan Jinqing
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A third of German doctors would like law on assisted suicide to be changed
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2008)

About 40% of German doctors could imagine themselves helping terminally ill patients to commit suicide such as by providing drugs, a survey has shown. The representative survey, published in the weekly magazine Der Spiegel (24 Nov, p 164; www.spiegel.de/politik/debatte/0,1518,592070,00.html), said that 3.3% of the responding doctors had already helped patients with suicide.

The German Medical Association has questioned the validity of the results and, after a meeting with Protestant and Catholic churches, has confirmed its opposition to any participation of doctors in suicide.

The Spiegel survey of doctors contains anonymous data from …
Praxis der psychotherapeutischen Weiterbildung
Authors: H. Stolze
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

This paper is concerned only with the further training of the general practitioner in psychotherapy, the specific characteristics of which are described. (1) It generally begins, not immediately after the period of study and hospital internship, but several years after the doctor has opened his practice. The course of this training is therefore not continuous but broken up over a number of years. (2) It is practical, i. e. related to attempts at therapy from the very beginning. (3) In general, it is independent of any particular school of psychiatric thought. The first phase of the training is decisive, since it is then the doctor must gain confidence in the use of psychological measures. The psychotherapeutic attitude must be developed and techniques must be learnt. Analytical experience of the self can be obtained in a group meeting for regular short courses. Rigid training programmes and master classes in psychoanalysis do not provide the practitioner with what he needs for psychotherapy. Specific forms of training are required; they need not, however, leave out the essentials of depth psychology and psychoanalysis.
Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Lipid Peroxidation in a Controlled Feeding Study
Authors: Edgar R. Miller, Lawrence J. Appel, Long Jiang, Terence H. Risby
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Cigarette smoke may promote atherogenesis by producing oxygen-derived free radicals that damage lipids. However, evidence in support of this hypothesis is inconsistent because most studies did not control for aspects of diet (antioxidants and lipid substrate) that may confound the association between smoking and measures of lipid peroxidation. Methods and Results The relationships between cigarette smoking and two measures of lipid peroxidation, breath ethane (an in vivo assay) and thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS, an in vitro assay), were examined in 123 adults (11% of whom were smokers) participating in a controlled feeding study. After 3 weeks of controlled feeding on a common diet (36% total fat, 14% saturated fats, 6% polyunsaturated fats, and 12% monounsaturated fats), breath and fasting serum samples were collected for measurement of ethane and TBARS, respectively. Baseline characteristics of smokers and nonsmokers were similar, including several indices related to diet and nutritional status (albumin, cholesterol, body mass index, and oxygen radical–absorbing capacity). Cigarette smokers had significantly higher breath ethane (8.88 versus 1.71 pmol/L; P &lt;.0001) and TBARS (24.0 versus 20.7 μmol/mL; P =.008) than nonsmokers. The interval between breath collection and the time the last cigarette was smoked was significantly and inversely correlated with breath ethane. Neither measure of lipid peroxidation was associated with measures of serum cholesterol or albumin, body mass index, or serum oxygen radical–absorbing capacity. Conclusions Cigarette smokers have higher rates of in vivo and in vitro lipid peroxidation. These results support the hypothesis that the atherogenic effects of smoking are mediated in part by free radical damage to lipids.
The Practice of Administrative Medicine
Authors: Gregory L. Eastwood
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

On Being a Doctor17 May 2011The Practice of Administrative MedicineGregory L. Eastwood, MDGregory L. Eastwood, MDFrom State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-10-201105170-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail When I became a medical school dean, some people thought I had crossed over to the dark side. But far from serving on the dark side, I quickly came to understand that such positions actually are another opportunity to express the values that drive us as physicians. I have chosen to call such endeavors the “practice of administrative medicine.” I'll tell you why.As I began my new job of dean years ago, the editor of the alumni magazine asked a question that drove to the heart of my identity as a physician: “Dr. Eastwood, do you miss seeing patients?” ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210.Corresponding Author: Gregory L. Eastwood, MD, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 618 Irving Avenue, Room 207, Syracuse, NY 13210; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 May 2011Volume 154, Issue 10Page: 703-704KeywordsAlumniHealth careHeartLearning curvesMotivationPatientsProblem solving ePublished: 17 May 2011 Issue Published: 17 May 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
PARATHYROID HORMONE AND THE CALCIFICATION OF FRACTURE CALLUS
Authors: EDWIN P. LEHMAN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

On the assumption that, because the injection of parathyroid extract increases the calcium in the blood stream, there will be more available calcium for deposit in fracture callus, have been based certain clinical trials of parathyroid extract in the treatment of delayed union of fractures. The occurrence of union after the use of the hormone has confused the issue. It is our belief that parathyroid extract is being widely used on the misapprehension that it is of such value.   A priori , parathyroid extract should not offer aid in hastening or inducing the deposit of calcium in the soft callus about fractures. Its action is to mobilize the fixed calcium in the body. Indirect evidence of this action is presented by the work of several investigators including Hunter and Aub, 1 who found that calcium excretion in patients is rapidly increased parallel to an increase in the blood serum calcium on
Malignant skin cancers in the Finnish Twin Cohort: a population-based study, 1976-97
Authors: T. Milan, P.K. Verkasalo, J. Kaprio, M. Koskenvuo, E. Pukkala
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Both hereditary and environmental factors are implicated in the aetiology of cutaneous neoplasms. Studies of twins make it possible to estimate the contribution of inherited genes to the development of disease.To assess the importance of hereditary and environmental factors (including physical environment and lifestyles) in malignant melanoma and malignant nonmelanoma of the skin.The Finnish Twin Cohort, comprising 25 882 adult like-sexed twins with established zygosity, was linked with the Finnish Cancer Registry to identify malignant skin cancers in a prospective follow-up from 1976 to 1997. Standardized incidence ratios were computed based on national rates.Sixty twins were diagnosed with melanoma and 49 twins with nonmelanoma during the follow-up. The risks of these cancers did not differ from the risk in the population at large. There was only one pair where both twins had a malignant skin cancer (dizygotic male twins both with squamous cell carcinoma).The near-total lack of concordance for skin cancer in twin pairs suggests that environmental and not hereditary effects are most important in the causation of malignant skin cancers in a white population with low levels of sun exposure.
Nitric oxide suppresses NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production by S-nitrosylation in human endothelial cells
Authors: S SELEMIDIS, G DUSTING, H PESHAVARIYA, B KEMPHARPER, G DRUMMOND
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Endothelial NADPH oxidase is a major source of superoxide in blood vessels and is implicated in the oxidative stress accompanying vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Here we investigate the regulation of NADPH oxidase activity by nitric oxide (NO).Human cultured microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were treated with the NO donors, diethylenetriamine (DETA)-NONOate, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for 0.5-24 h. Superoxide production was measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence and dihydroethidium fluorescence, while NADPH oxidase subunit expression was measured via Western blotting. S-nitrosylation was assessed using the 2,3-diaminonapthalene (DAN) assay, and via immunoblotting with an anti-nitrosocysteine antibody.Specific siRNA reduced Nox2 and Nox4 protein expression and markedly decreased superoxide production in HMEC-1. DETA-NONOate (10-300 micromol/L) suppressed superoxide production in HMEC-1 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which was not entirely attributable to stoichiometric reaction with NO, for the effect was observed more than 6 h after removing DETA-NONOate from solution. Similarly, sustained attenuation of superoxide production was achieved with SNP (10-100 micromol/L) and SNAP (10-100 micromol/L). The suppressive effect of NO was not dependent on (1) the sGC/cGMP/PKG pathway, (2) peroxynitrite-formation, (3) reduced protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunits or (4) dissociation of NADPH oxidase subunits. Treatment with NO caused S-nitrosylation of the crucial organizer subunit p47phox, and de-nitrosylation with UV light restored superoxide production.NO causes sustained suppression of NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production in human endothelial cells by S-nitrosylation of p47phox. These findings highlight a novel approach by which vascular oxidative stress might be suppressed by NO donors.
Histology of port wine stains after copper vapour laser treatment
Authors: E.P. WALKER, P.H. BUTLER, J.W. PICKERING, W.A. DAY, R. FRASER, C.N. HALEWYN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

We report histological changes in four patients with port wine stains treated with 578 nm yellow light from a high power copper vapour laser. Histology showed that selective damage occurred to the ectatic blood-vessels in the dermis, without haemorrhage and damage to non-vascular structures, and without scarring. The initial damage to the overlying epidermis was not permanent, and the damaged ectatic vessels returned to normal size or were completely necrosed and replaced by collagen.
Roles of the Left Atrial Roof and Pulmonary Veins in the Anatomic Substrate for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation and Ablation in a Canine Model
Authors: Kunihiro Nishida, Jean-François Sarrazin, Akira Fujiki, Hakan Oral, Hiroshi Inoue, Fred Morady, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Immediate and long term effects of weight reduction in obese people with asthma: randomised controlled study
Authors: B. Stenius-Aarniala
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the influence of weight reduction on obese patients with asthma. <b>Design:</b> Open study, two randomised parallel groups. <b>Setting:</b> Private outpatients centre, Helsinki, Finland. <b>Participants:</b> Two groups of 19 obese patients with asthma (body mass index (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) 30 to 42) recruited through newspaper advertisements. <b>Intervention:</b> Supervised weight reduction programme including 8 week very low energy diet. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Body weight, morning peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>); and also asthma symptoms, number of acute episodes, courses of oral steroids, health status (quality of life). <b>Results:</b> At the end of the weight reducing programme, the participants in the treatment group had lost a mean of 14.5% of their pretreatment weight, the controls 0.3%. The corresponding figures after one year were 11.3% and a weight gain of 2.2%. After the 8 week dieting period the difference in changes in percentage of predicted FEV<sub>1</sub> from baseline in the treatment and control groups was 7.2% (95% confidence interval 1.9% to 12.5%, P=0.009). The corresponding difference in the changes in FVC was 8.6% (4.8% to 12.5%, P&lt;0.0001). After one year the differences in the changes in the two groups were still significant: 7.6% for FEV<sub>1</sub> (1.5% to 13.8%, P=0.02) and 7.6% for FVC (3.5% to 11.8%, P=0.001). By the end of the weight reduction programme, reduction in dyspnoea was 13 mm (on a visual analogue scale 0 mm to 100 mm) in the treatment group and 1 mm in the control group (P=0.02). The reduction of rescue medication was 1.2 and 0.1 doses respectively (P=0.03). After one year the differences in the changes between the two groups were −12 for symptom scores (range −1 to −22, P=0.04) and −10 for total scores (−18 to −1, P=0.02). The median number of exacerbations in the treatment group was 1 (0–4) and in the controls 4 (0–7), P=0.001. <b>Conclusion:</b> Weight reduction in obese patients with asthma improves lung function, symptoms, morbidity, and health status.
Frequency and clinical significance of failure to visualize the conus artery during coronary arteriography.
Authors: D C Levin, C F Beckmann, J D Garnic, P Carey, M A Bettmann
Journal: Circulation (1981)

In patients with occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) or right coronary artery (RCA), the conus artery, which arises at or near the origin of the RCA, often serves as a principal source of collateral circulation. Coronary arteriograms in 508 adult patients revealed that in 80.5% the conus artery was well visualized on the RCA angiogram, but that in 19.5% it was not adequately visualized due to injection of contrast distal to its origin. In the latter patients, the presence of conus-LAD or conus-RCA collaterals might therefore go undetected. Because the degree of distal filling via collateral circulation affects medical and surgical decisions, it is important to attempt to visualize the conus artery adequately whenever the LAD or RCA is obstructed.
Exercise training after experimental myocardial infarction increases the ventricular fibrillation threshold before and after the onset of reinfarction in the isolated rat heart.
Authors: D Posel, T Noakes, P Kantor, M Lambert, L H Opie
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Previous work has shown that exercise training increases the ventricular fibrillation threshold of the isolated perfused rat heart. The aim of our study was to determine whether exercise training that begins after myocardial infarction can similarly increase the ventricular fibrillation threshold. Rats that had suffered an experimental myocardial infarction were subject to a running training program. Thereafter, the ventricular fibrillation threshold was measured before and after the onset of acute reinfarction induced by a second coronary artery ligation. Ventricular fibrillation thresholds were significantly elevated in trained rats during normoxia (13.7 +/- 2.2 vs. 4.7 +/- 0.8 mA, p less than 0.01) and during acute ischemia (6.8 +/- 1.6 vs. 3.0 +/- 0.7 mA, p less than 0.02). The myocardial cyclic AMP level was lower in the nonischemic zone of the trained hearts (0.21 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.28 +/- 0.01 nmol/g, p less than 0.05), which also had lower cyclic AMP levels after epinephrine challenge (0.50 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.73 +/- 0.09 nmol/g, p less than 0.01; 1.41 +/- 0.11 vs. 1.85 +/- 0.09 nmol/g, p less than 0.02 after epinephrine 10(-7) M and 5 x 10(-6) M injection, trained vs. untrained). Both propranolol 10(-6) M and epinephrine 5 x 10(-7) M attenuated the difference in ventricular fibrillation thresholds before and after second coronary artery ligation and eliminated any difference in cyclic AMP content of both the nonischemic and ischemic myocardial tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of passive smoking on admissions for respiratory illness in early childhood.
Authors: Y Chen, W Li, S Yu
Journal: BMJ (1986)

An association was sought between passive smoking and inpatient admissions for respiratory illness in 1058 children born between 1 June and 31 December 1981 and living in the neighborhoods of Nan-Jing Western Road and Yan-An Western Road in Jing-An District, Shanghai. The admission rate for first episodes of respiratory illness was positively correlated with the total daily cigarette consumption of family members during the children9s first 18 months of life. The relative risk of developing a first episode of respiratory illness was 1.80 for children living in families including people who smoked 10 or more cigarettes a day compared with those living in non-smoking families. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the effect of passive smoking on inpatient admission for respiratory illness was independent of the child9s birth weight, type of feeding, father9s education, size of the home, and chronic respiratory disease among adults in the family. The adjusted odds ratios compared with the non-smoking group were 1.17 in families smoking 1.9 cigarettes daily and 1.89 in families smoking 10 or more cigarettes daily. These data suggest that exposure to household cigarette smoke of children in early life increases the risk of severe respiratory illness.
BubR1 insufficiency causes early onset of aging-associated phenotypes and infertility in mice
Authors: Darren J Baker, Karthik B Jeganathan, J Douglas Cameron, Michael Thompson, Subhash Juneja, Alena Kopecka, Rajiv Kumar, Robert B Jenkins, Piet C de Groen, Patrick Roche, Jan M van Deursen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)