tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selective biodegradation in hair shafts derived from archaeological, forensic and experimental contexts
Authors: A S Wilson, H I Dodson, R C Janaway, A M Pollard, D J Tobin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Hair is degraded by the action of both dermatophytic and nondermatophytic microorganisms. The importance of understanding hair sample condition in archaeological and forensic investigation highlights the need for a detailed knowledge of the sequence of degradation in samples that have been either buried or left exposed at the ground surface.To investigate the sequence of biodegradative change to human terminal scalp hair from archaeological and forensic contexts.Cut modern scalp hair from three individuals with caucasoid-type hair was inoculated with soil microorganisms through soil burial in the field and under laboratory conditions to produce experimentally degraded samples. The degraded hair fibres were subjected to detailed histological examination using a combination of high-resolution light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the nature and sequence of degradative change to hair structural components.Degradation was found to occur first within the least structurally robust components that afford the least resistance to microbial/chemical attack. The sequence of degradation (most to least-reflecting degree of vulnerability) in the hair cuticle was as follows: (1) intercellular delta-layer (cell membrane complex); (2) endocuticle; (3) cell membrane beta-layers; (4) exocuticle; (5) epicuticle; and (6) A-layer. In the hair cortex this was as follows: (I) intercellular delta-layer (cell membrane complex); (II) cell membrane beta-layers; (III) intermacrofibrillar matrix/nuclear remnants; (IV) microfibrils; (V) intermicrofibrillar matrix; and (VI) pigment granules (the hair fibre component that was the least vulnerable to degradation).The selective progress of degradation in the hair shaft has been charted and this provides a basis for further histological work in better understanding the condition of hair fibres derived from archaeological or forensic contexts as well as being relevant to investigation of diseased hair, in particular hair infected by dermatophytes and hair weakened by genetic hair shaft abnormalities.
The Prevention and Treatment of DNA Vaccination With Encoding the Cockroach Allergen Bla g 1 On the Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: B ZHOU, Y ZHOU, M ENSELL, J GLICKSTEIN, M HABIBYKERMANY, Q CAI, C CAI, W LIU, J KIM, P KIM
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
AUTOMATED, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF REST MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION OBTAINED ON 320-DETECTOR ROW VOLUMETRIC CT CAN RELIABLY IDENTIFY OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Zhen Qian, Sarah Rinehart, Kunal Bhatt, Wassim Odeh, Parag Joshi, Abinashi Dhungel, Szilard Voros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Free Cefixime in Community Health Centers-Reply
Authors: Wilford A. Payne
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In March of this year, the National Association of Community Health Centers, a nationwide network of private, nonprofit community and migrant health centers and homeless health care programs, received on behalf of its member centers a $10 million donation of the antibiotic cefixime from Lederle Laboratories. This will be distributed to indigent and homeless patients. Prior to accepting this donation, we conducted a nationwide survey of our members concerning the possible use of cefixime in health centers. Of those responding (in excess of 60%), there was almost unanimity in the desire to have complimentary cefixime available for some patients, even though it was recognized that cefixime (like every other drug) has limitations, including cost. However, it was our firm belief, based on the survey results, that there are patients of the community and migrant health centers and homeless health care programs who can benefit from cefixime. The fact
Points from Letters: Speech Therapy for the Mentally Handicapped
Authors: C. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1975)

vogue in the future should Parliament as at present constituted beconme too unwieldy to function effectively.Moreover, the medical profession would be freer to set up and supervise what mtust surely come, and that is a body of aware persons to interview at regular intervals all persons in paid authority above a certain level of responsibility, in- cluding doctors, lawyers, M.P.s, teachers, etc., regairding their continuing suitability to hold such authority.Under the pro- fession's present subservience to politics this would be difficult to implement, if at all."What shall it profit a man if he shall gain the whole world and lose his own soul?"And as a profession we are in grave danger of doing just that.-I am, etc.,
A double blind comparative study of sulphasalazine and hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence of an earlier effect of sulphasalazine.
Authors: I H Nuver-Zwart, P L van Riel, L B van de Putte, F W Gribnau
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

In a double blind, single observer, 48 week study the effects of sulphasalazine (2 g daily) and hydroxychloroquine (400 mg daily months 0-6, thereafter 200 mg daily) were compared in 60 patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis. They had not been treated previously with second line drugs. The onset of response with sulphasalazine was earlier than with hydroxychloroquine. After 48 weeks a comparison of the treatments showed no statistically significant differences in disease activity variables. Adverse reaction was the main reason for withdrawal in the sulphasalazine group and lack of efficacy in the hydroxychloroquine group. All adverse reactions, one being agranulocytosis after eight weeks of sulphasalazine treatment, appeared in the first three months of treatment and were completely reversible.
Privacy, dignity, and confidentiality: interview study with structured questionnaire
Authors: G. Rylance
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Respect for patients' privacy and dignity and the maintenance of confidentiality are long established principles of medical practice. The General Medical Council has emphasised that treating patients and families politely is important in establishing and maintaining their trust. 2 Recent technological advances have changed the focus of privacy and confidentiality issues towards patients' identities in publications2 and security of medical records.3 Considerations of patients' dignity have concentrated on specific groups—for example, patients who are dying.4 Long established ideals and principles relating to privacy, dignity, and confidentiality, however, may not be expressed in clinical practice. As children and their parents have the same rights to these principles as adult patients, I conducted a survey of parents' views on these issues in the context of paediatric hospital practice.

Using …
Adiponectin Is Required for PPARγ-Mediated Improvement of Endothelial Function in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Wing Tak Wong, Xiao Yu Tian, Aimin Xu, Jun Yu, Chi Wai Lau, Ruby L.C. Hoo, Yu Wang, Vivian W.Y. Lee, Karen S.L. Lam, Paul M. Vanhoutte, Yu Huang
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
in the beginning: word or deed?
Authors: stephen j. cowley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

emphasizing that agents gain from culture-based patterns, i consider the etiology of meaning. since the simulations show that “shared categories” are not based in learning, i challenge steels &amp; belpaeme's (s&amp;b's) folk view of language. instead, i stress that meaning uses indexicals to set off a replicator process. finally, i suggest that memetic patterns – not words – are the grounding of language.
Spectrum of Asthma in Children--III, Psychological and Social Components
Authors: K. N. McNichol, H. E. Williams, J. Allan, I. McAndrew
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Behavioural disturbances in the child, the mother-child and family relationships, and the family social structure were studied in a representative sample of the whole range of asthmatic children and compared with a control group of normal children. Behavioural disturbances occurred more often and at a statistically significant level only in the small group of children with severe and continuing asthma. These children were those with severe chronic airways obstruction as assessed physiologically and also with the most severe allergic manifestations.Predominant in the mother-child relations was an over-concern to protect the child's health in those children with continuing asthma at 14 years of age. The families of the very severely affected group of children showed evidence of more stress than other families. Socioeconomic conditions were not significantly different in any group of asthmatic children compared with the control group.
Abstract 2118: Rare allele enrichment by ARMS combined with probe base genotyping techniques
Authors: Luming Zhou, Denice Smith, Carl Wittwer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Mutation detection plays a key role in several medical areas for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Additionally, the ability to detect low level mutations among mostly wild-type DNA is critical to areas such as cancer detection, prenatal testing and infectious diseases. For example, low-level (&amp;lt;10%) cancer mutations can not be sequenced by standard PCR or genotyping techniques. Many moderate- to high-selectivity PCR methods have been developed over the past two decades to enrich minority alleles for known mutations. One of the most widely used approaches is the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) which relies on the use of 3’ end terminal nucleotide mismatch to enhance the minor allele. The mutation detection sensitivity ranges from 1:10 to 1:1000. Probe based genotyping techniques such as fluorescent labeled probes, unlabeled probes and Snapback primers depend on short oligonucleotides that hybridize to the template for genotyping. We have combine allele enrichment by ARMS and probe based genotyping techniques to enhance allele discrimination. We designed a 3’ end blocked oligonucleotides to form a perfect match with the wild- type allele (mismatched to other alleles). Therefore, the probe blocks the primer from annealing to the wild-type template, while simultaneously permitting the primer to anneal to, and amplify, the mutant template. Wild-type amplification is completely blocked, and the mutation is enriched. The sensitivity of unlabeled probe-ARMS mutation enrichment detection is 1:30,000. Combining ARMS enrichment of minority alleles and snapback primers has the additional benefit that only two PCR primers are required, with the addition of a short tail of nucleotides on one primer that results in an intra-molecular hybridization probe. The sensitivity of snapback-ARMS mutation enrichment detection is 1:60,000. Fourty-four patients with paired thyroid biopsies and needle samples and 3 additional patients with only needle samples were tested for the BRAF mutation p.V600E (c.1799 T&amp;gt;A) by dual hybridization probes. A blinded test using unlabeled probe-ARMS and Snapback-ARMS enrichment techniques were compared to the dual hybridization probe method. All samples were concordant (47 positive and 42 negative) except 4 samples were positive using unlabeled probe-ARMS and Snapback-ARMS but were negative using hybridization probes. Minority allele enrichment using ARMS combined with probe base genotyping methods increases the mutation detection sensitivity 100 times or more. ARMS combined with an unlabeled probe or a snapback primer is an inexpensive and rapid enrichment technique. No separation, purification or addition steps that increase risk of contamination are necessary. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2118.
Dispersion of “refractoriness” in patients with ventricular fibrillation in the chronic phase of myocardial infarction
Authors: Anand Ramdat Misier, Tobias OptHof, Norbert M. van Hemel, Jo Defauw, Jacques de Bakker, Frans van Capelle, Herre Kingma, Michiel Janse
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Effects of fasudil in patients with high-altitude pulmonary hypertension
Authors: B. Kojonazarov, A. Myrzaakhmatova, T. Sooronbaev, T. Ishizaki, A. Aldashev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

5].In the latter group, mortality and morbidity are high during infancy because compression of the trachea and right main stem bronchus produces severe respiratory distress within the first year of life.However, asymptomatic pulmonary artery slings are typically diagnosed incidentally in adolescence or adulthood.Pulmonary artery sling can be repaired in infancy with low operative mortality and excellent long-term patency of the left pulmonary artery, by dividing the left pulmonary artery and implanting it into the main pulmonary artery anterior to the trachea [6].In contrast to symptomatic patients, the prognosis for asymptomatic patients is excellent and surgical intervention is not indicated.
Urinary calcium is a determinant of bone mineral density in elderly men participating in the InCHIANTI study
Authors: Giuseppe Vezzoli, Laura Soldati, Teresa Arcidiacono, Annalisa Terranegra, Rita Biasion, Cosimo Roberto Russo, Fulvio Lauretani, Stefania Bandinelli, Benedetta Bartali, Antonio Cherubini, Daniele Cusi, Luigi Ferrucci
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Infectious Mononucleosis in Acute Leukemia with Rising Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Titers
Authors: WILLIAM L. DEARDORFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Abstract The fourth reported case of infectious mononucleosis with onset during the course of acute leukemia and the first patient with myeloblastic leukemia in which titers to Epstein-Barr (EB) vi...
Zinc-finger Nucleases: The Next Generation Emerges
Authors: Toni Cathomen, J Keith Joung
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Methods of modifying the human genome precisely and efficiently hold great promise for revolutionizing the gene therapy arena. One particularly promising technology is based on the homologous recombination (HR) pathway and is known as gene targeting. Until recently, the low frequency of HR in mammalian cells, and the resulting dependence on selection to identify these rare events, has prevented gene targeting from being applied in a therapeutic context. However, recent advances in generating customized zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) that can create a DNA double-strand break (DSB) at preselected sites in the human genome have paved the way for HR-based strategies in gene therapy. By introducing a DSB into a target locus of interest, ZFNs stimulate gene targeting by several orders of magnitude through activation of cellular DNA repair pathways. The capability of this technology to achieve gene conversion frequencies of up to 29% in the absence of selection demonstrates its potential power. In this paper we review recent advances in, and upcoming challenges for, this emerging technology and discuss future experimental work that will be needed to bring ZFNs safely into a clinical setting.
A NEW DEVICE FOR LIFTING AND SUPPORTING PARALYZED OR DISABLED PATIENTS
Authors: Charles L. Freytag
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The difficulties of lifting helpless patients by hand, in order to place them on the bedpan, to have their sheets and bandages renewed, or wounds and sinuses dressed, are great and distressing. To overcome these difficulties, we have, after many disappointing experiments, constructed the apparatus shown in the accompanying drawing. <h3>DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS</h3> On a strong horizontal base,<i>a</i>, mounted on casters, and extending on the floor under the bed of the patient, is supported a vertical stand,<i>b</i>, 180 cm. in height, the upper end of which carries a horizontal arm,<i>c</i>, 50 cm. long, parallel to the base. A ratchet,<i>d</i>, is fastened to the end of the arm, bearing a catch (pawl),<i>e</i>, and a crank,<i>f</i>. By means of a perpendicular steel cable,<i>g</i>, this ratchet is connected to a pair of steel prongs,<i>h</i>and<i>h</i>′, which are, in shape and size, adapted to
An Elevated Type of Gastric Ulcer Scar in Patients Treated with Cimetidine
Authors: S. Ito, T. Mizobuchi, I. Shimizu, M. Ohura, M. Matsumura, S. Kishi, H. Mori
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

An elevated type of gastric ulcer scar (EUS) (A) was noted in 8 out of 227 ulcer patients treated with cimetidine. These were compared with 15 patients with EUS (B), not treated with cimetidine and the etiology of the lesion was discussed. The incidence of EUS (3.5%) and the average age of the patients were higher (61 years) in the A group than in the B group. The scar was seen all over the stomach in the A group. The period from detection of gastric ulcer to confirmation of EUS averaged 4 weeks, and there was no difference between the two groups. No difference was seen in the histological findings of elevated lesions either. In the A group, it appears that EUS was induced by rapid tissue regeneration due to the strong anti-ulcer effect of cimetidine in ulcer lesions, since it was noted in the regions where it had previously been considered unlikely to occur.
Randomized, controlled trial with IFN-α combined with ribavirin with and without amantadine sulphate in non-responders with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Gerlinde Teuber, M Pascu, T Berg, M Lafrenz, J Pausch, F Kullmann, G Ramadori, R Arnold, H Weidenbach, E Musch, U Junge, K.H Wiedmann, E Herrmann, M Zankel, S Zeuzem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Long-term Anticoagulant Therapy for Coronary Thrombosis
Authors: M. Toohey
Journal: BMJ (1958)

MEDICALJORNL 47 patients and their supervising physicians who have placed them- selves in our care during the last six years.We hope that our results will help to discharge the debt of gratitude we owe them.The Research Grants Committee of the University of Western Australia gave financial assistance which made possible the sorting and analysis of the statistical material.
Nm23-H1 Indirectly Promotes the Survival of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Blast Cells by Binding to More Mature Components of the Leukemic Clone
Authors: Andrew J. Lilly, Farhat L. Khanim, Rachel E. Hayden, Quang T. Luong, Mark T. Drayson, Christopher M. Bunce
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Nm23-H1 plays complex roles in the development of diverse cancers including breast carcinoma, high-grade lymphomas, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the case of AML and lymphomas, serum Nm23-H1 protein is elevated with the highest levels correlating with poorest prognosis. A recent study identified that this association is most likely causal in AML and that Nm23-H1 acts as an AML cell survival factor. In this study, we report heterogeneity in the ability of AML samples to bind and respond to Nm23-H1, and we offer evidence that binding is essential for improved survival. Further, we show that the subset of AMLs that bind Nm23-H1 do not do so through the putative Nm23-H1 receptor MUC1*. Although rNm23-H1 promoted the survival of the most primitive blasts within responding AMLs, it was not these cells that actually bound the protein. Instead, rNm23-H1 bound to more mature CD34(lo)/CD34(-) and CD11b(+) cells, revealing an indirect survival benefit of Nm23-H1 on primitive blasts. In support of this finding, the survival of purified blast cells was enhanced by medium conditioned by more mature cells from the clone that had been stimulated by rNm23-H1. Levels of interleukin 1β (IL1β) and IL6 in rNm23-H1 conditioned medium mirrored the potency of the conditioned media to promote blast cell survival. Furthermore, Nm23-H1 expression was significantly associated with IL1β and IL6 expression in primary uncultured AML samples. These findings have implications for the role of Nm23-H1 in AML and its use as a prognostic marker. Additionally, they offer the first evidence of novel cross-talk between cell populations within the tumor clone.
Endocytosis machinery is required for β1-adrenergic receptor-induced hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes
Authors: Carmine Morisco, Chiara Marrone, Jonathan Galeotti, Dan Shao, Dorothy E. Vatner, Stephen F. Vatner, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Cardiac hypertrophy by activation of the beta-adrenergic receptor (beta AR) is mediated more efficiently by the beta1-AR than by the beta2-AR. We investigated the signalling mechanism by which the beta1-AR mediates cardiac hypertrophy.Experiments were performed in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Hypertrophy was determined by the protein/DNA content and atrial natriuretic factor transcription. Phosphorylation of Akt and Src was assessed by immunoblotting. Isoproterenol (ISO, 10 microM), a non-selective beta-AR agonist, caused selective downregulation of the beta1-AR (control beta1 vs. beta2: 35 vs. 65%, Bmax 78 +/- 4 fmol/mg; 4 h, 10 vs. 90%, 61 +/- 5 fmol/mg). Concanavalin A (Con A, 0.5 microg/mL), an inhibitor of endocytosis, prevented downregulation of beta1-ARs by ISO treatment (4 h, 35 vs. 65%, 73 +/- 8 fmol/mg), suggesting that beta1-ARs selectively undergo endocytosis. Interference with beta1-AR endocytosis by Con A, carboxyl terminal peptide of beta-AR kinase-1, dominant negative (DN) beta-arrestin-1, or DN dynamin inhibited beta-adrenergic hypertrophy, suggesting that the endocytosis machinery plays a key role in mediating beta-adrenergic hypertrophy. Activation of Akt by the beta1-AR was blocked by inhibition of the endocytosis machinery, suggesting that endocytosis mediates activation of Akt. Akt plays a critical role in beta-adrenergic hypertrophy, since DN Akt blocked ISO-induced hypertrophy. beta-Adrenergic activation of Akt is mediated by Src, which associates with the endocytosis machinery and is necessary and sufficient to mediate beta-adrenergic hypertrophy.Activation of the endocytosis machinery is required for activation of Akt, which, in turn, critically mediates beta1-AR-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
The Effect of Nicotine on Energy Expenditure during Light Physical Activity
Authors: Kenneth A. Perkins, Leonard H. Epstein, Bonita L. Marks, Richard L. Stiller, Rolf G. Jacob
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The metabolic effects of nicotine have been implicated in the relation between smoking and lower body weight. This study examined whether the nicotine-induced increase in the metabolic rate observed at rest is also present during physical activity. We compared the energy expenditure of 10 male smokers receiving nicotine (15 μg per kilogram of body weight) with that of 10 male smokers receiving placebo on two occasions, each including a period of rest and a period of exercise on a modified bicycle ergometer at workloads designed to simulate and standardize light daily activity. All had abstained from cigarette smoking the night before the study. The excess energy expenditure attributable to nicotine was more than twice as great during exercise (difference between groups, 0.51 kJ per kilogram per hour, or 12.1 percent of the metabolic rate at rest; P<0.001) than during rest (0.23 kJ per kilogram per hour, or 5.3 percent of the metabolic rate at rest; P<0.05). In contrast, the expenditure was not affected by placebo during exercise or rest in the smokers or in a comparison group of 10 nonsmokers, indicating that smoking status has no long-term metabolic effect in the absence of short-term nicotine intake. We conclude that the relatively small metabolic effect of nicotine when the subject is at rest is enhanced during light exercise. Our data also suggest that the weight gain that often follows smoking cessation may be influenced not only by nicotine intake but also by the level of physical activity a smoker typically engages in while smoking. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:898–903.)