tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Scientific Foundations of Paediatrics
Authors: J. C. HAWORTH
Journal: JAMA (1975)

As the editors state in their preface, this book is about growth and development as a background to pediatric practice and is intended for those who have chosen pediatrics as a career. Of some 60 contributors, most are European, but among them is a handful of well known names from the North American continent. The book is divided into four sections: "Nature and Nurture," with chapters on genetics, nutrition, and the effects of sexual differentiation and emotional disturbance on growth and development; "Climacterics," dealing with events and adaptations occurring at the time of birth and at puberty; "Growth and Development of Systems," by far the largest section containing chapters about virtually every organ system; and "Selected Topics," a potpourri containing chapters on epidemiology, oncology, development of circadian rhythms, and pharmacology of the fetus, infant, and child. The editors admit to some variability in the quality of the chapters, and, indeed,
Halothane Hepatitis--A Preventable Disease?
Authors: P. Sharpstone, D. R. K. Medley, R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Eleven patients with acute hepatitis following multiple anaesthetics with halothane have been seen at two hospitals during the last four years. Six had massive hepatic necrosis and died. Unexplained fever occurred in nine of the patients; two of these and one other had had previous episodes of jaundice after halothane anaesthesia. Thus, in ten patients the disease could have been avoided.
573 Early virological response (EVR) and viral kinetics during the first 12 weeks of antiviral treatment in HCV-HIV co-infected patients: Control study
Authors: J.A. Galeras, C. Tural, M.D. Giménez, C. Márquez, R. Rubio, M. Santín, D. Fuster, S. Moreno, J. Bereneuer, J. González, B. Clotet, R. Planase, R. Solá
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
SEX DIFFERENCES IN COMPLEXITY AND EXTENT OF ANGIOGRAPHIC CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ESTIMATED BASED ON SYNTAX SCORE IN PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TREATED WITH PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Toralben Patel, Keyur Mavani, Sindu Chandran, Samir Pancholy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Characterization of Marine Aerosol for Assessment of Human Exposure to Brevetoxins
Authors: Yung Sung Cheng, Yue Zhou, Clinton M. Irvin, Richard H. Pierce, Jerome Naar, Lorraine C. Backer, Lora E. Fleming, Barbara Kirkpatrick, Dan G. Baden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Red tides in the Gulf of Mexico are commonly formed by the fish-killing dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, which produces nine potent polyether brevetoxins (PbTxs). Brevetoxins can be transferred from water to air in wind-powered white-capped waves. Inhalation exposure to marine aerosol containing brevetoxins causes respiratory symptoms. We describe detailed characterization of aerosols during an epidemiologic study of occupational exposure to Florida red tide aerosol in terms of its concentration, toxin profile, and particle size distribution. This information is essential in understanding its source, assessing exposure to people, and estimating dose of inhaled aerosols. Environmental sampling confirmed the presence of brevetoxins in water and air during a red tide exposure period (September 2001) and lack of significant toxin levels in the water and air during an unexposed period (May 2002). Water samples collected during a red tide bloom in 2001 showed moderate-to-high concentrations of K. brevis cells and PbTxs. The daily mean PbTx concentration in water samples ranged from 8 to 28 microg/L from 7 to 11 September 2001; the daily mean PbTx concentration in air samples ranged from 1.3 to 27 ng/m(3). The daily aerosol concentration on the beach can be related to PbTx concentration in water, wind speed, and wind direction. Personal samples confirmed human exposure to red tide aerosols. The particle size distribution showed a mean aerodynamic diameter in the size range of 6-12 microm, with deposits mainly in the upper airways. The deposition pattern correlated with the observed increase of upper airway symptoms in healthy lifeguards during the exposure periods.
GMC hearing on Baby P paediatrician is postponed after she leaves UK
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The paediatrician accused of failing to spot abused toddler Baby P’s broken back two days before he died has had her misconduct hearing postponed to protect her human rights after leaving the United Kingdom.

Sabah Al-Zayyat left the country the day before the hearing was due to open at the General Medical Council in London on 22 February.

She is accused of failing to properly examine 17 month old Peter Connolly and diagnose serious abuse while working as a locum consultant community paediatrician in north London. He was found dead two days later …
Diurnal variation of tissue-type plasminogen activator and its rapid inhibitor (PAI-1).
Authors: P Angleton, W L Chandler, G Schmer
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Previous studies have shown that overall fibrinolytic activity in blood follows a diurnal rhythm with a peak in the morning and a trough in the evening. The purpose of this study was to determine which fibrinolytic factor(s) was responsible for this diurnal rhythm. Resting and postvenous occlusion tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, resting t-PA antigen, and resting plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity were measured in the morning and evening in 33 healthy men (mean age, 31 years) and in 15 patients (mean age, 57 years) with previous myocardial infarction or unstable angina. PAI-1 activity and t-PA antigen were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the morning compared with the evening in controls and patients. In contrast, resting t-PA activity was significantly lower in the morning (p less than 0.01) in both groups and was inversely correlated with PAI-1 activity (r = -0.57, p less than 0.0001). Postvenous occlusion t-PA activity and t-PA capacity were not significantly different between morning and evening in either group. Because t-PA antigen levels and PAI-1 activity were highest in the morning, the variation in t-PA activity was probably not due to decreased secretion of t-PA but instead to changes in the secretion of PAI-1. Our findings indicate that diurnal variations in PAI-1 activity may reduce fibrinolytic activity in the morning in healthy individuals and in patients with coronary artery disease.
When I use a word...: Difficult pronunciation
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The incidence of diarrhoea associated with antibiotics has increased in the John Radcliffe Hospital in recent years, and in many cases we find Clostridium difficile toxin in the stools. The other day, after a long ward round, we went to the mess to take refreshments and wind down. “How do you pronounce 'C. diff.'?” our senior house officer asked, avoiding the problem. I knew what he meant.

If “difficile” were French it would be pronounced “dee-'fee-seal” but it isn't. If it were …
Cytoplasmic relocalization and inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 by PKB/Akt-mediated phosphorylation in breast cancer
Authors: Giuseppe Viglietto, Maria Letizia Motti, Paola Bruni, Rosa Marina Melillo, Amelia D'Alessio, Daniela Califano, Floriana Vinci, Gennaro Chiappetta, Philip Tsichlis, Alfonso Bellacosa, Alfredo Fusco, Massimo Santoro
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
545 Hepatic blood flow measurement with arterial and portal blood flow by xenon computed tomography: Quantitative analysis of correlation with hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: M SUZUKI, H IKEDA, H TAKAHASHI, N OKUSE, Y KOBAYASHI, Y TAKAHASHI, H YOTUYANAGI, F ITOH, S MAEYAMA, S IINO
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Managing Liability Risk in the Office Laboratory-Reply
Authors: Richard Belsey
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> If a physician decides to have an office laboratory, for whatever reason, then the physician takes on additional responsibility. The fact that a physician chooses to use the office laboratory in lieu of an outside laboratory does not necessarily create a conflict of interest. The choice may be negligent, depending on the capacity and ability of the office laboratory and the type of testing that the patient requires. However, this decision is subject to the same general negligence analysis as any decision about patient care, including referral of a patient to a specialist. Financial benefits from using the physician's own office laboratory could, arguably, be part of the evidence that would further cloud the question of reasonable professional judgment, but in themselves do not necessarily represent lack of professional judgment by the physician. It seems excessive to require a patient to consent to office laboratory testing rather than
James Douglas Sleigh
Authors: Morag C Timbury, A Christine McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2005)

​FormerFormer professor and head of department of bacteriology Glasgow Royal Infirmary (b Glasgow 1930; q Glasgow 1953; FRCPath, FRCP Glas), d 10 February 2005.




Figure 1




Appointed consultant in Dunbartonshire in 1965, Douglas Sleigh moved to the university department of bacteriology and immunology at the Western Infirmary in 1969, later transferring to the Royal Infirmary. He was appointed reader and in 1989 became professor and head of department. His main research interests were urinary tract infections, the use of antibiotics, and healthcare associated infections. He investigated an outbreak of Klebsiella meningitis at Killearn Hospital, which was controlled by withdrawing all antibiotics. Later at Glasgow Royal Infirmary he curtailed an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease by ordering that the air conditioning be switched off. He leaves a wife, Rosemary; two sons; and four grandchildren.
Safe, Efficient, and Reproducible Gene Therapy of the Brain in the Dog Models of Sanfilippo and Hurler Syndromes
Authors: N Matthew Ellinwood, Jérôme Ausseil, Nathalie Desmaris, Stéphanie Bigou, Song Liu, Jackie K Jens, Elizabeth M Snella, Eman EA Mohammed, Christopher B Thomson, Sylvie Raoul, Béatrice Joussemet, Françoise Roux, Yan Chérel, Yaouen Lajat, Monique Piraud, Rachid Benchaouir, Stephan Hermening, Harald Petry, Roseline Froissart, Marc Tardieu, Carine Ciron, Philippe Moullier, Jennifer Parkes, Karen L Kline, Irène Maire, Marie-Thérèse Vanier, Jean-Michel Heard, Marie-Anne Colle
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Recent trials in patients with neurodegenerative diseases documented the safety of gene therapy based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors deposited into the brain. Inborn errors of the metabolism are the most frequent causes of neurodegeneration in pre-adulthood. In Sanfilippo syndrome, a lysosomal storage disease in which heparan sulfate oligosaccharides accumulate, the onset of clinical manifestation is before 5 years. Studies in the mouse model showed that gene therapy providing the missing enzyme α-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase to brain cells prevents neurodegeneration and improves behavior. We now document safety and efficacy in affected dogs. Animals received eight deposits of a serotype 5 AAV vector, including vector prepared in insect Sf9 cells. As shown previously in dogs with the closely related Hurler syndrome, immunosuppression was necessary to prevent neuroinflammation and elimination of transduced cells. In immunosuppressed dogs, vector was efficiently delivered throughout the brain, induced α-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase production, cleared stored compounds and storage lesions. The suitability of the procedure for clinical application was further assessed in Hurler dogs, providing information on reproducibility, tolerance, appropriate vector type and dosage, and optimal age for treatment in a total number of 25 treated dogs. Results strongly support projects of human trials aimed at assessing this treatment in Sanfilippo syndrome.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MENINGOPNEUMONITIS VIRUS, PSITTACOSIS OF PIGEON ORIGIN, AND PSITTACOSIS OF PARROT ORIGIN
Authors: Henry Pinkerton, Vicente Moragues
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

Comparative morphological, histological, and biological studies suggest a close relationship between the meningopneumonitis virus of Francis and Magill and a virus recovered from thiamin-deficient pigeons. Both of these viruses are morphologically identical with typical psittacosis, and it seems probable that they are biologically modified strains of psittacosis. They both differ from typical psittacosis in that they are regularly more pathogenic for the pigeon after intracranial injection, and fail to produce hepatic necrosis after intraperitoneal injection in mice. A virus recently isolated from human cases of atypical pneumonia by Eaton, Beck, and Pearson may also be closely related to these two viruses. A number of psittacosis viruses of pigeon origin showed a similarly increased pathogenicity for pigeons by the intracerebral route, as compared with psittacosis viruses of parrot origin. The viruses of parrot origin, however, commonly produced latent infection in pigeons even when clinical illness was not evidenced. For the isolation of psittacosis of pigeon origin from human sputum the intracranial injection of mice or pigeons may be essential, although it is probable that the intranasal injection of mice would be successful. The intraperitoneal injection of mice may give negative results.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB–Induced Human Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Depends on Basic FGF Release and FGFR-1 Activation
Authors: Esther Millette, Bernhard H. Rauch, Olivier Defawe, Richard D. Kenagy, Guenter Daum, Alexander W. Clowes
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

We have shown that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists, thrombin and Factor Xa, stimulate smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation through transactivation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) or the FGF receptor (FGFR), both of which are tyrosine kinase receptors. In the present study, we investigated whether platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a tyrosine kinase receptor agonist, might transactivate another tyrosine kinase receptor to induce SMC proliferation. Because heparin inhibits PDGF-mediated proliferation in human SMCs, we investigated whether the heparin-binding growth factor basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and one of its receptors, FGFR-1, play a role in the response of human arterial SMCs to PDGF-BB. PDGF-BB induced the release of bFGF and sustained phosphorylation of FGFR-1 (30 minutes to 6 hours). A bFGF-neutralizing antibody inhibited PDGF-BB-mediated phosphorylation of FGFR-1, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. In the presence of bFGF antibody, PDGF-BB-induced early activation of ERK (0 to 60 minutes) was not affected, whereas late ERK activation (2 to 4 hours) was reduced. When FGFR-1 expression was suppressed using small interfering RNA (siRNA), ERK activation was reduced at late, but not early, time points after PDGF-BB stimulation. Addition of bFGF antibody to cells treated with siRNA to FGFR-1 had no further effect on ERK activation. Our results provide support for a novel mechanism by which PDGF-BB induces the release of bFGF and activation of FGFR-1 followed by the sustained activation of ERK and proliferation of human SMCs.
The hospital of the future: Better out than in? Alternatives to acute hospital care
Authors: M. Hensher, N. Fulop, J. Coast, E. Jefferys
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This is the fourth in a series of seven articles.

Changing technology is probably the main force driving the substitution of healthcare resources. This is because new treatments, procedures, and diagnostic techniques allow conditions to be managed in different settings by different staff. Such change is generally incremental, but occasionally new technologies fundamentally change the organisation of care. For example, the development of effective chemotherapy in the 1940s allowed tuberculosis to be managed on an outpatient basis, which led directly to the closure of nearly 30 000 hospital beds and the elimination of an entire class of hospital. Advances in primary prevention might also, in the long term, lead to a reduced need for admission to hospital. Yet such step changes are ultimately outside the hands of clinicians, managers, and policymakers, despite their intimate concern with the organisation, scale, and cost of the hospital sector. The policy debate has tended to focus on what might be described as the “appropriateness gap”—how to provide substitute care for inpatients who do not strictly need to be in hospital because of current technologies.

#### Summary points

Changes in diagnostic and treatment technologies, rather than policy interventions, are the most potent force leading to the substitution of one form of healthcare service for another.

Many inpatient bed days and admissions are deemed inappropriate—but the appropriateness of admission to hospital can tell us nothing about whether patients would be more cost effectively cared for outside hospital.

Several services that attempt to be substitutes for hospital care—either by preventing admission or by hastening discharge—have been experimented with.

Many apparent substitutes for hospital care seem, in the United Kingdom, to increase overall demand for services, with little impact on overall hospitalisation or costs.

Most patients admitted to hospital in the United Kingdom have no alternative but to be admitted: they …
An Introduction to Clinical Rheumatology
Authors: B. M. Ansell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

doyens of French Rheumatology, played an active part.In this small book Dr. Frangon presents reminiscences of his own, and of his father and grand- father, all of whom practised with conspicuous success at Aix-les-Bains, and who are now succeeded in tum by Dr. Fran9on's son Jean.Dr. Francon describes vividly some of the many personalities who have visited Aix-les-Bains and have taken 'the cure', among them Balzac, Lamartine, Maupaussant, Verlaine, Queen Victoria, and Dom Pedron, the Emperor of Brazil.Dr. Frangon paints a convincing and charming picture of these celebrities and of their annual sojourn at Aix-les- Bains.He points out that these were the private patients of the past, the predecessors of those sent by the Securite Sociale-the French National Health Service.Today 90 per cent. of those who are treated at Aix are paid for by the State.He discusses the benefit they received from their treatment and briefly notes that taking the waters is sans risques iatrogenes, suggesting that 'the cure' at Aix may well be less dangerous than swallowing some of the pills that we are accustomed to prescribe for our rheumatic patients.
Role of hepatitis C virus in lymphoproliferative disorders after liver transplantation
Authors: Christophe Hézode, Christophe Duvoux, Georgios Germanidis, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Anne-Laure Vincens, Philippe Gaulard, Daniel Cherqui, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Daniel Dhumeaux
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

It has been suggested that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection could be associated with B-cell clonal expansion. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between lymphoproliferative disorders and HCV infection in liver transplant recipients. We studied 157 patients receiving a liver transplant between January 1989 and May 1997 with a follow-up longer than 3 months. The incidence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) was analyzed with reference to the indication for liver transplantation, the induction and maintenance immunosuppression, the incidence of acute rejection episodes, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Six PTLDs occurred after a median posttransplant follow-up of 7 months (3.8%). Four of the 6 PTLDs occurred among the 38 patients transplanted for HCV-related cirrhosis, and 2 PTLDs occurred in the 119 patients receiving a liver transplant for non-HCV liver diseases (10.5% vs. 1.7%, respectively; P =.03). The 4-year probability of PTLD was significantly higher in patients receiving a liver transplant for HCV-related cirrhosis than non-HCV liver diseases (12.3% vs. 2.2%, respectively; P =.015). Patients receiving a liver transplant for HCV-related cirrhosis were more likely to receive antithymocyte globulins (ATG). However, in patients treated with ATG, the 4-year probability of PTLD was higher among those patients receiving a liver transplant for HCV-related cirrhosis than for non-HCV liver diseases (27.1% vs. 6.4%, respectively; P =.08). EBV gene products were detected in tumor tissues in 3 of 4 patients with HCV-associated PTLD. Our data suggest that, in addition to EBV infection, 2 mutually nonexclusive factors, i.e., the use of ATG and HCV infection, could play a role in the occurrence of PTLD after a liver transplant for HCV-related cirrhosis.
Doctor admits to sexual offences against boys
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A doctor working in paediatrics has admitted to several offences against boys aged between 12 and 16, including three counts of sexual activity with a child and two counts of causing or inciting a child under 13 to engage in sexual activity.

Raza Laskar, 32, who worked in hospitals across Greater Manchester, also confessed to causing or inciting and distributing child …
India signals crackdown on dubious fixed dose drug combinations
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 44-year-old man presented with fever (low to high grade) for 2-month duration despite treatment with oral antibiotics and antipyretics. Further, enquiry did not yield any potentially explanatory clues to a diagnosis. Physical examination revealed only left axillary lymphadenopathy, but was otherwise unremarkable. A number of diagnosis included tuberculosis, malignancy, lymphoma, connective disease disorder and infective endocarditis. Further evaluation revealed severe anaemia due to iron deficiency which was supported with blood transfusion and oral iron supplementation. Septic work-up including blood cultures and urine culture sterile and procalcitonin, but all these proved negative. Transthoracic echocardiography followed by transoesophageal echocardiography did not reveal any vegetations suggestive of infective endocarditis. Contrast-enhanced CT of chest and abdomen showed a polypoidal mass in the caecum. Lymph node biopsy from left axillary lymph node showed changes consistent with reactive hyperplasia. A bone marrow biopsy was inconclusive. Mantoux test was negative. A colonoscopy revealed a polypoidal growth arising from caecum with dull-looking mucosa. Biopsy of the mass suggested a leiomyoma. Positron emission tomography CT showed fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid caecal mass with FDG-avid mesenteric lymph nodes (figure 1). Inspite of extensive work-up, we could not find a source of the fever except for caecal mass. Thus, in the absence of other explanatory findings, a decision for resection of the mass was taken. A laparoscopic right hemicolectomy done with primary anastomosis. Histology confirmed a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (figure 2, which was smooth muscle actin positive (figure 3), S-100 positive, vimentin positive, but c-KIT negative (figure 4), CD34 positive and desmin negative. Additional immunohistochemistry and gene mutational analysis could not be done due to resource limitations. The postoperative course was good, and the patient was followed for 9 months after surgery with good clinical recovery and no further fever. This case illustrates the need for high index of suspicion to diagnose malignancy as cause of fever.