tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
George Edward Block, MD
Authors: Bruce L. Gewertz
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of diabetes mellitus with Coccinia indica.
Authors: A K Khan, S AKhtar, H Mahtab
Journal: BMJ (1980)

CommentIn alpha-chain disease a number of apparent cures have been obtained with cytotoxic drugs or tetracycline either alone or in combination with prednisolone.'Early diagnosis, at a stage when secreted free alpha chains may not be easily detectable, is therefore important.We have found that a sensitive immunofluorescence test of biopsy specimens can analyse individual plasma cells simultaneously for alpha chain and light chain production.This technique should contribute to early diagnosis.
Methodichlorophen as anti-tumor drug.
Authors: L A Price, J H Goldie, B T Hill
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Methodichlorophen was given to 26 patients with terminal malignant disease. Eight patients received adequate doses, and five of them showed objective evidence of tumour regression while three failed to respond. Those who responded included four out of five patients with lung cancer (three with squamous-cell carcinoma and one with oat-cell carcinoma) and a patient with hypernephroma. Two patients with testicular teratomas and one with acute myeloid leukemia failed to respond. The drug may be given safely by mouth to outpatients if certain precautions are taken.
IgE on Langerhans cells in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis and birch allergy
Authors: M. Tigalonowa, L. R. Braathen, T. Lea
Journal: Allergy (1988)

Epidermal cell suspensions from the skin of seven patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and seven healthy non‐atopic controls were investigated for the presence of surface HLA‐DR and CD1 antigen, and IgE using indirect and double‐staining immunofluorescence techniques. Fifty‐seven percent of all CDI + and 68% of all HLA‐DR + cells from the patients demonstrated IgE on their surface, indicating that Langerhans cells (Lc) in AD may be a heterogeneous population with regard to surface characteristics. No IgE + cells were found in the epidermal cell suspensions from the healthy non‐atopic controls. An attempt lo demonstrate birch pollen antigen on the surface of Lc from the same patients all strongly allergic to birch pollen, using indirect immunofluorescence techniques, was unsuccessful, also after in vitro incubation of the Lc with high concentration of the birch antigen.
Lipid Granulomatosis
Authors: C P MOLNAR, R GOTTSCHALK, B GALLAGHER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Twenty-six cases of lipid (cholesterol) granulomatosis, Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD), have been described in the literature to date. A new case of ECD in a 33- year-old man with an unusual presentation of exudative ascites following a four year history of abdominal pain is reported. The radiographic and bone scan findings in this disease have been established and Ga-67 scan findings are reported. The Tc-99m sulphur colloid bone marrow and ln-111 chloride scan findings are presented.
A Mechanism of Chlorothiazide-Enhanced Effectiveness of Antihypertensive Ganglioplegic Drugs
Authors: HARRIET P. DUSTAN, G. R. CUMMING, A. C. CORCORAN, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Chlorothiazide decreases plasma volume, heart size, and cardiac output. The oligemia stimulates vasomotor tone; this tends to maintain arterial pressure because chronic arterial hypertension is characteristically self-sustaining and homeostatic. This oligemic stimulation of vasomotor tone results in increased sensitivity to the antihypertensive effect of drugs depressing or blocking vasomotor function.
Recent Advances: Rheumatology
Authors: A. Bradlow, J. David
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The changing philosophies affecting medicine as a whole are at the forefront of rheumatology. Many of the publications of the past year have centred on improving and increasing the safety of drug treatment. There are now good grounds for hope that several newer agents to ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis are available or are in trial phase. Attitudes to chronic back pain and the chronic fatigue syndrome are more positive and treatment is more proactive. Osteoporosis is recognised as an important public health issue; the role of screening with bone densitometry has become better defined.

The choice of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for individual patients has until recently depended on the doctor's experience, the class of drug, and the manufacturer's recommendations. A recent publication by the Committee on Safety of Medicines has given a new perspective to selecting them.1 The committee assessed several years of reports of adverse drug reactions (yellow card) for the seven most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the United Kingdom. Ibuprofen carried the lowest risk, naproxen, indomethacin, and diclofenac intermediate risk, and azapropazone the highest risk of serious adverse upper gastrointestinal events at the doses in which these drugs are normally prescribed (fig 1). Furthermore, azapropazone had the highest number of yellow card reports for renal, liver, haematological, and hypersensitivity reactions. The report recommends that azapropazone should be used only when other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have failed, doses being restricted to a maximum of 600 mg daily in patients over 60. Drugs with low risk should generally be preferred, and these should be started in the lowest recommended dose. Only one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug should be used at a time. The report concludes that all members of this group are contraindicated in patients with peptic ulceration. This is controversial for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, who frequently have …
Diastolic Heart Failure
Authors: Gerard P. Aurigemma, William H. Gaasch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 78-year-old woman with a history of hypertension is admitted to the hospital with congestive heart failure. Physical examination reveals a blood pressure of 180/90 mm Hg, increased jugular venous pressure, peripheral edema, and pulmonary rales. A chest radiograph shows pulmonary edema and mild cardiomegaly. An echocardiogram shows a left ventricular ejection fraction of 70 percent. The left ventricular Doppler filling pattern is abnormal and consistent with an elevated pulmonary-capillary wedge pressure. How should this patient be treated?
An Investigation of the Cause of the Eosinophilia–Myalgia Syndrome Associated with Tryptophan Use
Authors: E A Belongia, C W Hedberg, G J Gleich, K E White, A N Mayeno, D A Loegering, S L Dunnette, P L Pirie, K L MacDonald, M T Osterholm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The eosinophilia—myalgia syndrome is a newly recognized illness that has been associated with the consumption of tryptophan products. It is not known whether the cause is related to the tryptophan itself or to chemical constituents introduced by the manufacturing process.
Abstract 4703: SAHA downregulation of HuR expression is responsible for reduction of cyclin D1 mRNA stability and cell transformation by EGF in Cl41 cells
Authors: Jingjie Zhang, Weiming Ouyang, Jingxia Li, Yonghui Yu, Xuejun Li, Chuanshu Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Previous studies have reported that anti-cancer activity of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is associated with its downregulation of cyclin D1 protein expression at transcription and translation levels. In current studies, we demonstrated that SAHA downregulation of cyclin D1 expression mainly via modulation of cyclin D1 mRNA stability in EGF-induced mouse epidermal Cl41 cell transformation (anchorage-independent colony formation) model. We found that SAHA treatment resulted in dramatic inhibition of EGF-induced cell transformation and cyclin D1 expression. Further studies showed that SAHA downregulation of cyclin D1 expression was only observed in endogenous cyclin D1, but not in reconstitutional cyclin D1 in same cells, excluding the possibility of SAHA regulation of cyclin D1 expression at levels of protein degradation. Moreover, we found that SAHA was able to inhibit EGF-induced cyclin D1 mRNA expression, whereas it did not show any inhibitory effect on cyclin D1 promoter-deriven luciferase reporter activity under same experimental conditions, suggesting that SAHA might downregulate cyclin D1 mRNA stability. This notion was greatly supported by the results showing that co-treatment of cells with SAHA and actinomycin D increased the cyclin D1 mRNA degradation in comparison to that in cells treated with actinomycin D alone. Consistent with downregulation of cyclin D1 mRNA stability, SAHA treatment also attenuated HuR protein expression, which is a well-characterized cyclin D1 mRNA-binding protein. Taken together, our results demonstrated that SAHA treatment resulted in downregulation of cyclin D1 expression by inhibition of HuR expression, which led to reduction of cyclin D1 mRNA stability and protein expression, and further in turn caused the inhibition of EGF-induced cell transformation in Cl41 cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4703. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4703
Regional variations in British alcohol morbidity rates: a myth uncovered? I: Clinical surveys.
Authors: R W Latcham, N Kreitman, M A Plant, A Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Officially recorded rates of many alcohol related problems are much higher in the north than in the south of Britain. To try to shed some light on this the pattern and threshold for use of psychiatric and medical hospital services for alcohol dependence, abuse, and psychosis were studied in three areas differing greatly in official rates of alcohol related problems--namely, the Highland and Tayside regions in Scotland and part of the South East Thames region in England. The disparity in psychiatric admissions for alcohol dependence, abuse, and psychosis were found to be largely explained by admission policies which reflected geographical factors. The results of this study did not support the conventional view that rates of treated morbidity due to alcohol are appreciably higher in the north.
Treatment of Nicotine Dependence Is More Better?
Authors: John R. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The two studies assessing the safety and efficacy of high-dose nicotine patch therapy by Jorenby et al<sup>1</sup>and Dale et al<sup>2</sup>in this issue ofTHE JOURNALraise four questions: Should higher-dose nicotine patches be used? Should nicotine patch therapy be tailored to achieve 100% replacement? How effective is the nicotine patch when given with no physician advice, ie, in over-the-counter—like conditions, in comparison with its effectiveness with physician advice, in prescription-like conditions? How much is its efficacy increased by adding behavioral therapy? See also pp 1347 and 1353. Dale et al<sup>2</sup>found that 22-mg patches underdose the majority of smokers and that higher doses are safe, provide better withdrawal relief, and appear to increase efficacy. Their results are supported by other studies, which found that standard-dose patches (15 to 22 mg/d) provide less than 100% nicotine replacement<sup>3</sup>; greater nicotine replacement decreases withdrawal symptoms and increases
Effect of Treatment on Morbidity in Hypertension. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on Antihypertensive Agents
Authors: P. F. POBLETE, M. C. KYLE, H. V. PIPBERGER, E. D. FREIS
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Electrocardiographic (ECG) data are presented from the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of 143 nontreated and 137 treated male patients with initial diastolic blood pressures averaging 90-114 mm Hg. Average follow-up was 2.9 years and longest follow-up was 5 years. Significant differences were observed with respect to the ECG signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). In the patients not meeting criteria for LVH prior to randomization, the incidence of abnormal QRS voltage, ST-segment depression or T wave flattening or inversion developing in the treated patients was approximately one-fourth that found in the control group. In the patients with ECG evidence of LVH prior to randomization, the reversion to normal of QRS voltage or ST-segment depression was approximately 2.5 times greater in the treated than in the control patients. Although no significant effect of treatment was observed on other ECG changes such as Q and QS patterns, A-V or ventricular conduction defects or arrhythmias, the incidence of such events was too low to make valid comparisons. However, the present results indicate that antihypertensive drug treatment markedly improved the ECG changes specifically related to hypertension.
Early Care of the Injured Patient
Authors: Steven W. Guyton
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book on emergency treatment of traumatic injuries originally began as a combination of two paperback pocket manuals developed by the American College of Surgeons:<i>An Outline of Treatment of Fractures and The Early Care of Acute Soft Tissue Injuries</i>. For those health professionals routinely involved in care of traumatic injuries, this manual could serve as an aid in teaching, while it would be a valuable reference in the library of the physician who is not ordinarily involved in emergency care. Athough not quite pocket-size, it continues to be a reliable guide for an inexperienced house officer involved in emergency treatment of trauma victims. New chapters are "Care of the Wound" and "Cardiac Injuries," covering current concepts and trends in emergency treatment of soft-tissue injuries and life-threatening cardiac wounds. "Post-traumatic Pulmonary Insufficiency" has been omitted—its development is beyond the period of early care of the patient, although aspects of the
Intermittent Hypoxia Is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Spatial Learning Deficits in the Rat
Authors: Barry W. Row, Rugao Liu, Wei Xu, Leila Kheirandish, David Gozal
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

In the adult rat, exposure to intermittent hypoxia (IH), such as occurs in sleep-disordered breathing, is associated with neurobehavioral impairments and increased apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region and cortex. We hypothesized that the episodic hypoxic-reoxygenation cycles of IH would induce oxidant stress, and the latter may underlie the IH-associated spatial learning and retention deficits. Adult male rats were therefore exposed to IH (90-second alternations of 10% oxygen and 21% oxygen) or room air (RA) for 7 days, and received twice-daily injections of either 3 mg/kg of the antioxidant PNU-101033E (PNU) or vehicle (V). Rats were then trained in a standard place-training task in the water maze. V-IH displayed significant impairments of spatial learning in the water maze, which were attenuated by PNU-101033E. Post hoc analyses further revealed that V-IH had significantly longer latencies and pathlengths to locate the hidden platform than PNU-IH, V-RA, or PNU-RA, indicating that PNU-101033E treatment reduced the behavioral impairments associated with IH. In addition, treatment with PNU-101033E markedly attenuated the increase in lipid peroxidation, and isoprostane concentrations associated with exposure to IH. Collectively, these findings indicate that the IH exposure is associated with increased oxidative stress, which is likely to play an important role in the behavioral impairments observed in a rodent model of sleep-disordered breathing.
The Clinical Information Value of the Glycosylated Hemoglobin Assay
Authors: David M. Nathan, Daniel E. Singer, Katherine Hurxthal, John D. Goodson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We evaluated the clinical information value of the glycosylated hemoglobin assay by comparing it with practitioners' estimates of glucose control over the preceding 10 weeks in 216 patients with diabetes. Twenty-four per cent of the practitioners' estimates, which were based on historical and laboratory data collected during a routine office visit, differed by more than +/- 75 mg per deciliter from the actual mean blood glucose levels calculated with the glycosylated hemoglobin assay. One third of the mean blood glucose concentration fell outside the confidence intervals physicians used to bound their estimates. When examined individually or in the aggregate, historical information, such as polyuria, nocturia, or home urine testing for glucose, and laboratory information, such as fasting or random blood glucose levels, were weak predictors of the actual mean concentration of blood glucose. We conclude that the glycosylated hemoglobin assay provides information about the degree of long-term glucose control that is not otherwise obtainable in the usual clinical setting.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Angiotensin-(1-7), an Endogenous Antiangiogenic Hormone
Authors: W. Jeffrey Petty, Antonius A. Miller, Thomas P. McCoy, Patricia E. Gallagher, E. Ann Tallant, Frank M. Torti
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous peptide hormone of the renin-angiotensin system with antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties. The primary objective of this study was to establish the recommended phase II dose of Ang-(1-7) for treating patients with advanced cancer. Secondary objectives were to assess toxicities, pharmacokinetics, clinical activity, and plasma biomarkers. Experimental Design: Patients with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard therapy were treated with escalating doses of Ang-(1-7) in cohorts of three patients. Ang-(1-7) was administered by s.c. injection once daily for 5 days on a 3-week cycle. Tumor measurements were done every two cycles and treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results: Eighteen patients were enrolled. Dose-limiting toxicities encountered at the 700 μg/kg dose included stroke (grade 4) and reversible cranial neuropathy (grade 3). Other toxicities were generally mild. One patient developed a 19% reduction in tumor measurements. Three additional patients showed clinical benefit with stabilization of disease lasting more than 3 months. On day 1, Ang-(1-7) administration led to a decrease in plasma placental growth factor (PlGF) levels in patients with clinical benefit (P = 0.04) but not in patients without clinical benefit (P = 0.25). On day 5, PlGF levels remained lower in patients with clinical benefit compared with patients without clinical benefit (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Ang-(1-7) is a first-in-class antiangiogenic drug with activity for treating cancer that is linked to reduction of plasma PlGF levels. The recommended phase II dose is 400 μg/kg for this administration schedule. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(23):7398–404)
Emergency Department Resource Use by Supervised Residents vs Attending Physicians Alone
Authors: Stephen R. Pitts, Sofie R. Morgan, Justin D. Schrager, Todd J. Berger
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Few studies have evaluated the common assumption that graduate medical education is associated with increased resource use.To compare resources used in supervised vs attending-only visits in a nationally representative sample of patient visits to US emergency departments (EDs).Cross-sectional study of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2010), a probability sample of US EDs and ED visits.Supervised visits, defined as visits involving both resident and attending physicians. Three ED teaching types were defined by the proportion of sampled visits that were supervised visits: nonteaching ED, minor teaching ED (half or fewer supervised visits), and major teaching ED (more than half supervised visits).Association of supervised visits with hospital admission, advanced imaging (computed tomography, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging), any blood test, and ED length of stay, adjusted for visit acuity, demographic characteristics, payer type, and geographic region.Of 29,182 ED visits to the 336 nonpediatric EDs in the sample, 3374 visits were supervised visits. Compared with the 25,808 attending-only visits, supervised visits were significantly associated with more frequent hospital admission (21% vs 14%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.09-1.85), advanced imaging (28% vs 21%; aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06-1.51), and a longer median ED stay (226 vs 153 minutes; adjusted geometric mean ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.19-1.45), but not with blood testing (53% vs 45%; aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.96-1.46). Of visits to the sample of 121 minor teaching EDs, a weighted estimate of 9% were supervised visits, compared with 82% of visits to the 34 major teaching EDs. Supervised visits in major teaching EDs compared with attending-only visits were not associated with hospital admission (aOR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.83-1.58), advanced imaging (aOR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.96-1.53), or any blood test (aOR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.79-1.33), but had longer ED stays (adjusted geometric mean ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14-1.53).In a sample of US EDs, supervised visits were associated with a greater likelihood of hospital admission and use of advanced imaging and with longer ED stays. Whether these associations are different in EDs in which more than half of visits are seen by residents requires further investigation.
Adolescent Pregnancy and Its Consequences
Authors: Elizabeth R. McAnarney
Journal: JAMA (1989)

MUCH has been written about adolescent pregnancy and childbearing during the last decade. The facts are clear and distressing: In 1982, 1 077 124 pregnancies occurred in 15- to 19-year-old adolescents; 513 758 (47%) ended in live births, 418 740 (39%) in therapeutic abortions, and 144 626 (13%) in spontaneous abortions. Of all live births to adolescents, nearly 48% were born to unmarried women.<sup>1</sup>In 1984, fewer (469 682) children were born to women younger than 19 years, but this decrease resulted primarily from a reduction in the adolescent age group.<sup>2</sup> Compared with other developed countries, the United States exhibits significantly higher pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates in its adolescent population. In 1981, for example, the adolescent pregnancy rate for women 15 to 19 years old was 96/1000 in the United States compared with 14/1000 in the Netherlands. The comparison of rates from a country as heterogeneous as