tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunoregulation in the gut: success and failures in human disease
Authors: I Monteleone, P Vavassori, L Biancone, G Monteleone, F Pallone
Journal: Gut (2002)

In normal conditions, human gut mucosa is infiltrated with a large number of mononuclear cells. This is a reflection of the fact that human intestine is continuously subjected to a massive stimulation by luminal antigens. This state of "physiological" inflammation is a tightly controlled phenomenon, as several mucosal cells interact to generate and maintain an appropriate local immune response. Changes in cell type number and/or function, including the release of soluble mediators, have been associated with the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn9s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Evidence also indicates that the type of inflammatory response occurring in the intestine of patients with CD differs from that in UC, and this probably reflects distinct pathways of immune activation. In CD mucosa, a Th1 response with high IL-12 and IFNγ production prevails, while in UC a humoral immunity appears to be predominant. Despite this, CD and UC share downstream inflammatory events, characterised by high levels of inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, matrix-degrading enzymes and growth factors.
Prevalence of facial acne vulgaris in late adolescence and in adults.
Authors: W J Cunliffe, D J Gould
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A survey of 1066 healthy women and 1089 healthy men aged 18-70 years, performed to determine the prevalence of facial acne, showed that clinical acne was not confined to adolescents. Though it was more prevalent among men than women at 18, beyond the age of 23 clinical acne was more prevalent among women as the prevalence in men gradually declined. At 40-49 years 3% of men and 5% of women still had definite, albeit mild, clinical acne, and at 50-59 years 6% of men and 8% of women had physiological acne. The surprisingly high prevalence of acne in adults may be related to antibiotic treatment or, in women, to the use of oral contraceptives or cosmetics, though this survey did not study their influence. Further studies in different populations are needed to establish the prevalence of acne in the community, and its distribution.
Comment: Metastases—Experimental Facts and Clinical Fancies
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The production of metastases is poorly understood and is just receiving the attention it deserves in the laboratory. Describing cancer of the lung as early "angio-invasive" does not illuminate the mechanism by which cancer cells gain access to the body circulation. The microcirculation of neoplasms has been investigated by a variety of techniques, all of which purport to show an increased vasculature as compared to most normal tissues. The rapid growth of new vessels to keep pace with the accelerated metabolic demands of neoplasms often results in an imperfect vasculature with defective endothelial lining. In fact, the cancer cells may form the lining of the capillary bed and irregularity of vessel patterns can lead to sinusoidal dilatations and arteriole-venous shunts. From correlative histopathological and microangiographic studies, it is difficult to conceive of a tumor circulation as a closed circulation rather than an open one. In an open circulation, as in
TUMOR SIZE ESTIMATION BY PET FDG IMAGING
Authors: S Rege, W L Wong, L Chaiken, C K Hoh, Y Choi, R B Lufkin, J Maddahi, M E Phelps, R A Hawkins
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Rege, S.; Wong, W. L.; Chaiken, L.; Hoh, C. K.; Choi, Y.; Lufkin, R. B.; Maddahi, J.; Phelps, M. E.; Hawkins, R. A. Author Information
Effect of Rimonabant on Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Kishore M. Gadde
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Innate Immune Response to an Environmental Fungus, Alternaria, Facilitates Th2-Type Airway Sensitization to a Bystander Antigen
Authors: T. Kobayashi, K. Iijima, S. Radhakrishnan, V. Mehta, R. Vassallo, L.R. Pease, H. Kita
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Hypoxic stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in activated rat hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Victor Ankoma-Sey, Yun Wang, Zhihao Dai
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The tissue repair response to hypoxic stimuli during wound healing includes enhanced production of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Hepatic stellate cells are oxygen-sensing cells, capable of producing VEGF. We hypothesized that hypoxia-stimulated signaling in activated stellate cells mediate VEGF secretion during liver injury. The specific aim was to evaluate the effect of hypoxia on the gene expression of VEGF in HSC-T6 cells, an immortalized rat hepatic stellate cell line, and in rat primary cultures of stellate cells. Hypoxic induction of VEGF mRNA was dose- and time-dependent. The hypoxic stimulation of VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) correlated with the secretion of VEGF protein in conditioned media by hypoxic T6 cells. S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, and desferrioxamine (DFx) and cobalt chloride, mimics of cellular hypoxia, similarly stimulated VEGF mRNA expression and secretion. Four previously described splice variants of the VEGF mRNA (VEGF-120, 144, 164, 188) were detected in both normoxic- or hypoxic-activated stellate cells. There was differential expression of the VEGF receptors, Flt-1 and Flk-1, in hypoxic T6 cells. Hypoxic conditions selectively stimulated Flt-1 mRNA expression, whereas Flk-1 mRNA remained unchanged. Hypoxic induction of VEGF was also demonstrated in primary stellate cell cultures and after in vivo injury. Hypoxia stimulates cell signaling in stellate cells, culminating in the rapid induction of VEGF and Flt-1 mRNA expression and VEGF secretion. The hypoxic induction of VEGF is mimicked by NO and may be of mechanistic importance in the pathogenesis of hepatic wound healing and hepatocarcinogenesis.
Control of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Relapse — Dance between KIRs and HLA
Authors: Jeffrey S. Miller, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The antileukemic effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is provided by T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Although T cells recognize malignant cells with tumor antigens presented by HLA molecules, NK cells recognize the “loss of self” HLA induced by transformation, stress, or infection.1 The net balance of inhibitory and activating signals determines the NK-specific target-cell response. The gene content of the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family of inhibitory or activating NK-cell receptors can be used to define two KIR haplotypes.2 KIR A haplotypes include only one activating KIR gene, KIR2DS4; KIR B haplotypes include a variable . . .
M. D.: Doctors Talk About Themselves
Authors: Harvey N. Mandell
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A large portion of our citizenry seems to occupy itself talking and reading about us physicians. The television screens are filled with programs offered to show what life in hospitals is like. The distance of these programs from the realities of doctor-hospital existence is great, but the ratings are often high. There are all sorts of books about doctors available at the booksellers. The persistent reader can find out what we were like in medical school, in residency and fellowship, and in practice. The reader can learn about us when we are well and when we are sick. We physicians may not always be honored as much as we think we deserve to be, but we are, at least, read about. The author of<i>M. D.: Doctors Talk About Themselves</i>is not a physician, but he appears to be able to put physicians at ease. He interviewed doctors in different
Vitamin A Physiology
Authors: Oswald A. Roels
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The earliest knowledge of the nutritional value of vitamin A stemmed from the recognition of the abnormal physiology which resulted from its absence. One of the first symptoms is night blindness. Its nutritional cure has been known for thousands of years. Eber's papyrus, written about 3,500 years ago, prescribed roast ox liver or the liver of black cocks to prevent night blindness. One thousand years later, Hippocrates also recommended the use of ox liver for the cure of night blindness. In 1956, I found that cock's liver was still prescribed by medicine men in Ruanda (central Africa) to treat young boys for night blindness and Bitot's spots. However, it was not until the early part of the 20th century that experimental observations led to the discovery of vitamin A.<sup>1</sup>Osborne and Mendel at Yale University and McCollum and Davis at the University of Wisconsin realized that a fat-soluble factor
The role of television.
Authors: K Sabbagh
Journal: BMJ (1982)

money by publishing in this field without much regard to genuine need; but that temptation imposes a greater, not a lesser, responsibility on publishers and editors to attempt to fulfil a useful role. In so far as we are doing a good job, I hope the medical profession is now more willing to accept the free medical press. If we are not yet earning our keep, then ultimately only the profession has the power to insist on a better standard, both by its criticism and by greater involvement.
Two Animal Models of Retinal Degeneration Are Rescued by Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus-Mediated Production of FGF-5 and FGF-18
Authors: Eric S. Green, Katherine G. Rendahl, Shangzhen Zhou, Martha Ladner, Mazie Coyne, Ranjana Srivastava, William C. Manning, John G. Flannery
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

The goal of these experiments was to evaluate the potential of the fibroblast growth factor family members FGF-5 and FGF-18 to rescue photoreceptors from cell death in retinal degenerative disease. Two strains of transgenic rats, expressing either a P23H or an S334ter rhodopsin mutation, were used as model systems. The neurotrophic growth factors were delivered by subretinal injection of adeno-associated virus vectors, driving expression of the genes with a constitutive CMV promoter. Morphological and functional analyses were performed to determine whether FGF-5 or FGF-18 overexpression could ameliorate cell death in the retina. Immunocytochemistry was used to determine the cellular sites of expression of the factors and to test for up-regulation of FGF receptors due to injection. Significant rescue from photoreceptor cell death was found after injections of vectors expressing either FGF-5 or FGF-18 in the animal models. Increased survival of photoreceptors did not produce a significant increase in electroretinographic responses, however, reflecting either trauma due to the surgery or a suppression of signaling due to expression of proteins. Three weeks after injections, both growth factors were localized to the inner and outer segments of photoreceptors, and the receptors FGFR1 and FGFR2 were also found to be up-regulated in these regions. No visible pathological changes were seen in the FGF-5- or FGF-18-treated eyes. These results indicate that the delivery of either FGF-5 or FGF-18 with adeno-associated virus protects photoreceptors from apoptosis in transgenic rat models of retinitis pigmentosa and that the rescue is probably mediated by conventional receptor tyrosine kinase pathways in photoreceptors.
Coronary Thermodilution to Assess Flow Reserve
Authors: Bernard De Bruyne, Nico H.J. Pijls, Leif Smith, Maria Wievegg, Guy R. Heyndrickx
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) are indices of coronary stenosis severity that provide the clinician with complementary information on the contribution of epicardial arteries and microcirculation to total resistance to myocardial blood flow. At present, FFR and CFR can only be obtained by 2 separate guidewires. The present study tested the validity of the thermodilution principle in assessing CFR with one pressure-temperature sensor-tipped guidewire.In an in vitro model, absolute flow was compared with the inverse mean transit time (1/T(mn)) of a thermodilution curve obtained after a bolus injection of 3 mL of saline at room temperature. A very close correlation (r>0.95) was found between absolute flow and 1/T(mn) when the sensor was placed >/=6 cm from the injection site. In 6 chronically instrumented dogs (60 stenoses; FFR from 0.19 to 0.98), a significant linear relation was found between flow velocity and 1/T(mn). A significant correlation was found between CFR(Doppler), which was calculated from the ratio of hyperemic to resting flow velocities, and CFR(thermo), which was calculated from the ratio of resting to hyperemic T(mn) (r=0.76; SEE=0.24; P<0.001).The present findings demonstrate the validity of the thermodilution principle to assess CFR. Because the pressure-temperature sensor was mounted in a commercially available angioplasty guidewire, this technique permits simultaneous measurements of CFR and FFR.
Risk of Hypoglycemia With Antihypertensive Medication
Authors: Pierugo Carbonin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Shorr and colleagues<sup>1</sup>address the important and timely issue of hypoglycemia in elderly diabetic patients concurrently treated with antihypertensives. Despite the authors' careful discussion of some inherent limitations of the study, the interpretation of the results remains problematic. Single relative risk (RR) estimates do not reach nominal statistical significance, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are generally very wide. Only among insulin users does the use of β-blockers carry an increased risk of hypoglycemia. Interestingly, the same agents are associated with the lowest RR estimate (RR, 0.25) among users of sulfonylureas. More information on antidiabetic agents might have been useful. Indeed, not all sulfonylureas are alike, and some are more liable to induce serious hypoglycemia, particularly when drug elimination is reduced by renal impairment.<sup>2</sup>In addition, beef/pork insulin results in hypoglycemic warning symptoms more often than does human insulin in older diabetic persons.<sup>3</sup> The
Topics in gastroenterology 16
Authors: D G Thompson
Journal: Gut (1989)

drink before recumbency -and no tilting of the bed or taking of drugs is going to prevent reflux under those circumstances.Nor is there mentioni of domperidone, nor cisapride.And similarly with other chapters.These are rclatively minor points, however, but the editor may think it worthwhile to actively seek feed back, because a few changes and additions will make the next edition of the book even more useful.The book can be recommcnded to gastroenterologists and general physicians.
The Surgical Treatment of So-Called Puerperal Fever
Authors: J. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1896)

Lecturer on IMedical Jurisprudence in the Uniiversity of Durhami-Sur'geonl to the Sunlderlanid Infirlrary.THE tWo most importanut obstetrical questionis at the present timile, are the treatmeiit of puerperal eclampsia anld tlle treatiineit of puerperal fever.In the first of these tlle obstetrician mniglit obtain lhelp from the physician and the clhemist, and in the second the aid of the surgeon and the bacteriologist nmay be of service; and it is as a surgeon I venture to briefly 'liscuss the treatmenit of puerperal fever, not placing my per- :soial views on the subject before you in ani absolute or dog- Tnatic fashliion, but simply as provisional, to be either rejected or elaborated anid improved upon as time may show.Tlhese are, I tlhink, the indications for the surgical treat- inent of puerperal fever: i. Remove the poison by a free eurettage of the uterus and perinieum if torn. 2. Counteract its effects by freely douchling the uterine cavity witlh a germ- icide, and talmpolnading the uterus witlh iodoform gauze. 3. Keep the-patient alive till the poison is eliminated by suit- .ablefood, stimulants, medicines, and lhygienic surroundings.-I lhave treated fourteen cases of puerperal fever on these lines; teii recovered, four died.One of these cases miglt hliave recovered if slhe had beeni curetted a second time, for you caiiiiot be certain that you remove all the poison by curettage, ;and maniy cases require it a secolnd or even a tlhird time.I -will niot take up your time by giving you a minute hlistory of these cases, but will give you the essential facts of one case wlwichl exemiplifies the treatment I advocate.MArs.G. was attended by my friend Dr. Hubbersty in February, i895.On the fourth day she had a rigor, lher temperature welnt up to io4°, slhe liad sliglht tympanites, sliglt ten1derness over tlle uterus, profuse sweating, dry tonigue, alixious expression, pulse 30, alid very jerky, no vomiting, no delirium, alld lay onl her side.Slhe was placed under cliloro- foirm, andl lher uterine cavity was freely curetted witlh a slharp eurette; a sliglht rupture of tlle perineumii was also curetted.Hler uterus was douclhed witlh two quarts of corrosive sub- himiiate solution, and was tlen tamponiaded with iodoform gauze, *ind iodoforimi was freely sprinkled on the torn perinieum.Two excellenit n-urses were employed to look after her anid carry Vut Dr. Hubbersty's instructions.Slhe was in a good lhouse, -witlh plenity of freslh air.Slhe was fed principally on meat juice, alnd iad a liberal supply of good clhampagne and some q(1iiiine.Slhe improved rapidly.The tampon was removed in twventy-four hours.Slie was subsequently douched witlh
Urine output on an intensive care unit: case-control study
Authors: A. W. Solomon, C. J. Kirwan, N. D. E. Alexander, K. Nimako, A. Jurukov, R. J. Forth, T. M. Rahman
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To compare urine output between junior doctors in an intensive care unit and the patients for whom they are responsible. <b>Design</b> Case-control study. <b>Setting</b> General intensive care unit in a tertiary referral hospital. <b>Participants</b> 18 junior doctors responsible for clerking patients on weekday day shifts in the unit from 23 March to 23 April 2009 volunteered as “cases.” Controls were the patients in the unit clerked by those doctors. Exclusion criteria (for both groups) were pregnancy, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;15 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, and renal replacement therapy. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Oliguria (defined as mean urine output &lt;0.5 ml/kg/hour over six or more hours of measurement) and urine output (in ml/kg/hour) as a continuous variable. <b>Results</b> Doctors were classed as oliguric and “at risk” of acute kidney injury on 19 (22%) of 87 shifts in which urine output was measured, and oliguric to the point of being “in injury” on one (1%) further shift. Data were available for 208 of 209 controls matched to cases in the data collection period; 13 of these were excluded because the control was receiving renal replacement therapy. Doctors were more likely to be oliguric than their patients (odds ratio 1.99, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 3.68, P=0.03). For each additional 1 ml/kg/hour mean urine output, the odds ratio for being a case rather than a control was 0.27 (0.12 to 0.58, P=0.001). Mortality among doctors was astonishingly low, at 0% (0% to 18%). <b>Conclusions</b> Managing our own fluid balance is more difficult than managing it in our patients. We should drink more water. Modifications to the criteria for acute kidney injury could be needed for the assessment of junior doctors in an intensive care unit.
Serum Dioxin Concentrations and Quality of Ovarian Function in Women of Seveso
Authors: Marcella Warner, Brenda Eskenazi, David L. Olive, Steven Samuels, Sunita Quick-Miles, Paolo Vercellini, Pier Mario Gerthoux, Larry Needham, Donald G. Patterson, Paolo Mocarelli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Although 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been associated with alterations in ovarian function and hormones in animals, it has not been studied in humans. On 10 July 1976, an explosion exposed residents of Seveso, Italy, to the highest levels of TCDD in a population. Twenty years later, we initiated the Seveso Women's Health Study to study reproductive health.We related TCDD levels measured in sera collected near the time of explosion and ovarian function (ovarian cysts, ovarian follicles, ovulation rate, serum hormones) at follow-up.We included 363 women who were 20-40 years of age and nonusers of oral contraceptives. We examined the relationship of 1976 serum TCDD levels with ultrasound-detected ovarian follicles among 96 women in the menstrual follicular phase and serum hormone levels (estradiol, progesterone) among 129 women in the menstrual luteal phase at follow-up. Ovulation was defined by serum progesterone levels > 3 ng/mL.The median serum TCDD level was 77.3 ppt, lipid-adjusted. Serum TCDD was not associated with number or size of ovarian follicles. Of women in the luteal phase, 87 (67%) ovulated. Serum log(10)TCDD was not associated with odds of ovulation [adjusted odds ratio = 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5 to 1.9]. Among those who had ovulated, serum log(10)TCDD was not associated with serum progesterone [adjusted beta (adj-beta ) = -0.70; 95% CI, -2.4 to 1.0] or estradiol (adj-beta = -1.81; 95% CI, -10.4 to 6.8).We found no clear evidence that 1976 TCDD exposure was associated with ovarian function 20 years later in women exposed to relatively high levels in Seveso, Italy.
Pleiku Medical Society
Authors: J. C. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> One of the outstanding characteristics of physicians is their compulsion to form societies and attend meetings. The latter activity can be carried to the extreme if one includes attendance at the many committee meetings which organizations seem to spawn. In Vietnam, the military and civilian physicians are not burdened by such demands on their time, but the compulsion to meet and learn, to talk and hear about their profession is not satisfied. To fulfill this need, a group of physicians in the central highlands of Vietnam formed the Pleiku Medical Society in July 1966. Under the aegis of Lt Col Mark T. Cenac, commanding officer of the 18th Surgical Hospital; Maj William McCloud, senior medical advisor of II Corps, and Maj Tran Qui Trung, commanding officer of the Vietnamese Pleiku Military Hospital, the physicians in the area meet every two weeks. Cases are presented, and occasionally topics
PI3K-mediated negative feedback regulation of IL-12 production in DCs
Authors: Taro Fukao, Masanobu Tanabe, Yasuo Terauchi, Takayuki Ota, Satoshi Matsuda, Tomoichiro Asano, Takashi Kadowaki, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Shigeo Koyasu
Journal: Nature Immunology (2002)