tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blind, controlled, long-term study of the comparative incidence of treatment-emergent tardive dyskinesia with olanzapine or haloperidol
Authors: G D Tollefson, C M Beasley, R N Tamura, P V Tran, J H Potvin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Tardive dyskinesia is a serious and common complication of neuroleptic treatment. Olanzapine is a novel antipsychotic agent exhibiting regional mesolimbic dopaminergic selectivity and a broad-based pharmacology encompassing serotonin, dopamine, muscarinic, and adrenergic receptor binding affinities. The authors' goal was to compare the incidence of tardive dyskinesia among patients receiving olanzapine and those receiving the conventional dopamine 2 antagonist haloperidol.Data were analyzed from three actively controlled and blind long-term responder studies of subjects meeting DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, or schizoaffective disorder treated with olanzapine (N = 707, up to 20 mg/day, 237 median days of exposure) or haloperidol (N = 197, up to 20 mg/day, 203 median days of exposure) who did not have evidence of tardive dyskinesia at baseline. All of the subjects had a chronic disease course (mean greater than 10 years), and there were no significant between-treatment group differences in demographic or disease characteristics. The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale and research diagnostic criteria for tardive dyskinesia were used to define the comparative incidence rates of long-term treatment-emergent tardive dyskinesia.The incidence of newly emergent tardive dyskinesia at any visit after baseline, at the final visit, and at the final two clinical assessments was statistically significantly lower among olanzapine-treated patients than among haloperidol-treated patients.These findings support an atypical extrapyramidal symptom profile and the potential of a significantly lower risk of tardive dyskinesia with olanzapine than with haloperidol among patients requiring maintenance antipsychotic treatment.
Role of the Nurse Counsellor in Managing Patients with the Hyperventilation Syndrome
Authors: Susan Pinney, Leisa J Freeman, P G F Nixon
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

A hyperventilation clinic was established specifically to deal with patients referred from the accident and emergency department with the hyperventilation syndrome. This was run by a staff nurse, who counselled the patients and taught abdominal breathing techniques and relaxation. In 30 patients so managed, 63% said their symptoms were much better or had completely gone and in only 6% was there no improvement; 43% had previously had more than one attendance at the A&E department, but following treatment only 2 patients represented during 5 months of follow up. The use of a nurse counsellor seems to be a simple and effective approach to managing these patients and considerably reduces both casualty and outpatient physician time.
Reducing In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Robert A. McDonald, Crawford A. Halliday, Ashley M. Miller, Louise A. Diver, Rachel S. Dakin, Jennifer Montgomery, Martin W. McBride, Simon Kennedy, John D. McClure, Keith E. Robertson, Gillian Douglas, Keith M. Channon, Keith G. Oldroyd, Andrew H. Baker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)

Drug-eluting stents reduce the incidence of in-stent restenosis, but they result in delayed arterial healing and are associated with a chronic inflammatory response and hypersensitivity reactions. Identifying novel interventions to enhance wound healing and reduce the inflammatory response may improve long-term clinical outcomes. Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are noncoding small ribonucleic acids that play a prominent role in the initiation and resolution of inflammation after vascular injury.This study sought to identify miRNA regulation and function after implantation of bare-metal and drug-eluting stents.Pig, mouse, and in vitro models were used to investigate the role of miRNA in in-stent restenosis.We documented a subset of inflammatory miRNAs activated after stenting in pigs, including the miR-21 stem loop miRNAs. Genetic ablation of the miR-21 stem loop attenuated neointimal formation in mice post-stenting. This occurred via enhanced levels of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages coupled with an impaired sensitivity of smooth muscle cells to respond to vascular activation.MiR-21 plays a prominent role in promoting vascular inflammation and remodeling after stent injury. MiRNA-mediated modulation of the inflammatory response post-stenting may have therapeutic potential to accelerate wound healing and enhance the clinical efficacy of stenting.
Early hospital discharge of children with cancer treated for fever and neutropenia: identification and management of the low-risk patient.
Authors: C A Mullen, G R Buchanan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Children with leukemia and solid tumors are often hospitalized for empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy because of fever during periods of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Conventional practice dictates that parenteral antibiotics be continued until the patient is afebrile and has recovered from neutropenia, ie, until the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) exceeds 500 cells per cubic millimeter. However, the practice in our center has been to discontinue parenteral antibiotic therapy and discharge many such patients before resolution of neutropenia. Since the feasibility and safety of this approach has not been studied, we reviewed the records of 114 consecutive hospitalizations for fever and neutropenia in 61 patients during a 13-month period. Seventy-seven children (68%) were discharged to their homes while still neutropenic after they had been afebrile for 1 to 2 days on parenteral antibiotics, had negative blood cultures, appeared well, and usually had some evidence of bone marrow recovery. Five patients (4.4%) developed recurrent fever and required rehospitalization within 7 days of discharge. Only three of the 77 patients (3.9%) who were sent home with neutropenia had recurrent fever. Each had a brief and uneventful second hospitalization. Two of the 37 children discharged with an ANC over 500 cells per cubic millimeter required rehospitalization. A declining ANC and advanced malignancy were risk factors in predicting recurrence of fever following discharge. A rising monocyte count was a predictor of imminent recovery from neutropenia. These results suggest that "early" discharge of an afebrile yet still neutropenic patient is safe when the patient is in remission, has no evidence of serious infection, appears clinically stable, and has indications of bone marrow recovery. The conventional approach of routinely continuing the hospitalization until resolution of neutropenia may be unnecessary in such low-risk patients.
Bill Would Allow Moral and Religious Objections to Health Care Services
Authors: Laura Buchholz
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Demonstration of Small-Bowel Fistula by Radiography of Drain Contents
Authors: Daniel Wren Wheeler, Kevin Martin Bradley, Juan Emilio Sola
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

The usual way to diagnose small-bowel perforation is by demonstration of free intraperitoneal air on plain abdominal or erect chest radiographs1. Contrast examination of the small bowel is seldom performed in acute cases.
Gut microbiota composition associated with stool consistency
Authors: E F Tigchelaar, M J Bonder, S A Jankipersadsing, J Fu, C Wijmenga, A Zhernakova
Journal: Gut (2015)

Vandeputte et al 1 recently reported a strong effect of stool consistency—as measured by the Bristol Stool Scale (BSS)—on the composition of the gut microbiota in 53 healthy females. This work potentially has a large impact on future microbiome studies as it suggests that such studies may need to be corrected for BSS scores. However, the generalisability of their study is not immediately evident as it did not include a replication cohort and was limited to females aged 20–55 years.

We analysed gut microbiota in relation to BSS in LifeLines-DEEP, a large population-based cohort.2 From 1126 LifeLines-DEEP participants, with both males (n=454) and females (n=672) aged 18–81 years (table 1), the BSS score was recorded for seven consecutive days and a fresh-frozen stool sample was collected in the same week. We calculated the average stool type of 7-day records for each participant. Stool DNA was isolated using AllPrep DNA/RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen; cat. #80204), and subsequently we performed 16s rRNA gene sequencing using forward primer …
Illness doesn't belong to us
Authors: C Mckevitt, M Morgan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1997)

There has been little research in Britain into the experiences of doctors who are ill. We conducted in-depth interviews with 64 doctors of all grades with a recent illness lasting one month or more. Whether the illness was physical or psychiatric, many expressed the idea that illness is inappropriate for doctors. This idea is a cultural value among doctors which is reinforced by the organization of medical work. It discourages doctors from seeking and obtaining appropriate help when they are ill.
A new electronic device for intrapelural pressure measurment – A presentation of use in a patient prepared for thoracoscopy
Authors: Rafal Krenke, Elzbieta Magdalena Grabczak, Marcin Michnikowski, Jakub Palko, Maciej Guc, Ryszarda Chazan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Measurement of intrapleural pressure is useful during various pleural procedures. However, the availability of electronic pleural manometers is limited.   Objectives:  We aimed to 1) construct an electronic pleural manometer, 2) assess the accuracy of the measurements done with a new device, 3) perform an initial evaluation of the device during thoracenthesis.   Methods:  A vascular pressure transducer was used to transform hydrostatic pressure into an electronic signal. Reliability of the measurements was evaluated in a laboratory setting by comparing the results with those measured by a water manometer. Functionality of the device was assessed during thoracentesis and artificial pneumothorax creation before medical thoracoscopy.   Results:  We built a small device, which can precisely measure intrapleural pressure. The measurement results showed a very high agreement with those registered with a water manometer (r=0.999; p 2 O which decreased steadily to -8.98 cmH 2 O after the removal of 1600 ml of pleural fluid and increased up to -1.29 cmH 2 O after insertion of 1000 ml of air. The procedure was safe, the only symptom recorded was cough which appeared after the withdrawal of 900 ml of pleural fluid (intrapleural pressure -1.96 cmH 2 O).   Conclusion:  Our electronic pleural manometer can precisely measure intrapleural pressure during pleural fluid removal and pneumothorax creation. The procedure of pleural pressure monitoring during thorcentesis is easy to perform and safe.
Serum surfactant protein D (SPD) and response to the combined therapy in patients (pts) with stable COPD
Authors: Tetyana Pertseva, Kateryna Gashynova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aim:  To evaluate response to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) combination in stable COPD pts with different serum SPD.  Study population:  18 steroid-naive pts with stable COPD.  Methods:  At baseline combination of Fluticasone propionate 500 mcg + Salmeterol 50 mcg (Seretide Discus, GlaxoSmithKlein) BID were prescribed to all pts. Medical history, Spirometry (by Masterlab, Viasis), dyspnea by MMRS scale and serum SPD (by ELISA, HycultBiotech) were evaluated in all pts at baseline and 6 months after starting of therapy.  Results:  In accordance with baseline serum SPD all pts were divided on two groups: Group I (n=8) with SPD  600 mg/dl. Both groups were similar regarding to age, sex, smoking status and pulmonary function. After 6 month of therapy tendency to the improvement of FEV1 was observed, however, the difference with baseline was not statistically significant (p>0.05) in both groups.  At the same time, unlike Group I, pts of Group II demonstrate significant declining of serum SPD from 1183.354 (683.700-1506.230) ng/ml at baseline to 755.200 (91.870-1551.16) ng/ml (p  Conclusions.  1. Treatment with ICS+LABA combination in stable COPD pts with high level of Serum SPD leads to the great improving in dispnea score and significant serum SPD declining.  2. Further investigation considering high serum SPD level as an additional criterion for ICS+LABA prescription would be interesting.
Characteristics, clinical outcome, and prognostic significance of <scp>IDH</scp> mutations in <scp>AML</scp>
Authors: Courtney D. DiNardo, Farhad Ravandi, Sam Agresta, Marina Konopleva, Koichi Takahashi, Tapan Kadia, Mark Routbort, Keyur P. Patel, None Mark Brandt, Sherry Pierce, Guillermo Garcia‐Manero, Jorge Cortes, Hagop Kantarjian
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

The pathophysiology of IDH mutations in tumorigenesis is increasingly described, yet the prognostic significance of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in AML remains controversial. The primary objective of this study was to define the natural history and prognosis of patients with AML and IDH1 or IDH2 mutations and provide historical survival expectations. A total of 826 patients treated from 2010 to 2014 at a single institution were evaluated, including 167 patients (20%) with AML and IDH1 or IDH2 mutations. Median age was 62 years (range 18-92). There were 59 IDH1-R132, 83 IDH2-R140, and 23 IDH2-R172 mutations. Clinicopathologic characteristics associated with IDH-mutations included older age, less frequent therapy-related status, and increased incidence of intermediate-risk cytogenetics, FLT3-ITD mutations, and NPM1 mutations. Remission rates (CR/CRi) by AML treatment status were: induction, 68%; Salvage-1 (S1), 42%; and Salvage-2 and beyond (S2+), 27%. No difference in response was identified by IDH mutation status. Similarly, overall survival (OS) was not dependent on IDH status within any cohort. The median OS was 15.4 months in induction, 8.7 months in S1, and 4.8 months in S2+. This analysis defines the clinical outcome associated with IDH-mutations in both the front-line and salvage AML treatment settings, and confirms that response rate and OS for both IDH-mutated and IDH wild-type AML patients is comparable. This provides contemporary data to be used for comparison with results of novel investigational (e.g., selective IDH inhibitor) strategies.
Attitudes to Torture
Authors: Yoram Blachar
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

Derek Summerfield in his review of The Medical Profession and Human Rights (August 2001 JRSM, pp. 420-421), uses your respected journal as a forum for his own agenda of hate. As I understand it, Dr Summerfield was not present when Professor Dolev allegedly made the statement attributed to him. It is unclear to me on what basis Dr Summerfield allows himself the liberty to cast aspersions on the former head of the IMA ethics committee by attributing to him such a statement, which Professor Dolev vehemently denies having made.

Dr Summerfield's calumnies, and particularly his decision to publish them in a journal such as yours, lead us to believe that he is less interested in advancing human rights and more interested in slandering and condemning Professor Dolev, the IMA ethics committee and the State of Israel.

We would expect a journal of your calibre to check the facts before you allow them to be printed, and not allow your publication, a medical and not political journal, to be used as a forum for the spewing of lies and vilification.
Inquiry will examine transgender people’s access to healthcare
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A parliamentary committee will investigate whether transgender people are being treated fairly, including their dealings with health services and access to gender reassignment treatment on the NHS.

The Women and Equalities Committee’s inquiry into equality for transgender people—that is, people who identify with a gender different from the one assigned to them at birth—will also look at how current laws are operating, employment and workplace issues, transphobia and hate crime, and issues affecting …
David Mark Chaput de Saintonge
Authors: R. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (2015)

David—or Mark, as he was known to his colleagues during his medical career—was the best teacher I have ever known. He started his medical career as a general physician and clinical pharmacologist at the London Hospital and developed a keen interest in teaching clinical skills. Latterly he was head of a new department of communication and clinical skills at Barts and the London Medical School. He developed unusual research areas ahead of his time, related to doctors decision making, academic …
Comment on study by Perkins et al.
Authors: J. Clarke Stevens, C. Michel Harper
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

The results of the study by Perkins et al. (1) are surprising since it is usually possible to make an electrophysiological diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) even in the presence of a peripheral neuropathy. It is not clear from the report whether they made an electrophysiological diagnosis of CTS in any of their cases.

When routine antidromic sensory nerve conduction studies are nondiagnostic median/ulnar palmar …
Abstract 4687: Prospective Comparison of Intracardiac Versus Transoesophageal Echocardiography Guided Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Defects in Adults - Five Year Single Centre Experience
Authors: Kaleab N Asrress, Ryan G Schrale, Kulveer S Mankia, Sayed A Raza, Chandra Puli, Neil Wilson, Oliver J Ormerod, Andrew R Mitchell
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Imaging to guide percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) has traditionally required transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) with general anaesthesia. The development of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) allows these procedures to be performed under local anaesthesia, obviating the need for endotracheal intubation and general anaesthesia. We set out to prospectively evaluate the effect of ICE on the success and efficiency of PFO and ASD closure. Data on all adult patients undergoing percutaneous PFO and ASD closure were collected prospectively between 2003 and 2008. Allocation to echocardiographic technique was non-random and determined by availability of anaesthetic and cardiology staff, initial ICE probe availability and relative contraindication to general anaesthesia. Procedure time, fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, device deployment success rate, procedural complications, hospital stay length, and interatrial communication closure at 3 months were compared between the two imaging modalities. 210 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous interatrial defect closure over the study period, 55 (26%) with TOE and 155 (74%) using ICE. Baseline characteristics of the TOE and ICE groups were similar (age 45.3±15.5 vs 47.9±13.6 years, p =0.415; male 36% vs 42%, p =0.524; body surface area 1.81±0.27 vs 1.90±0.26 m 2 , p =0.110; interatrial defect size (for ASD) 19.8±8.9 vs 18.2±7.9 mm, p =0.458). Procedural time (not including induction and recovery from general anaesthesia; 50±21 vs 42±18 minutes, p =0.007), fluoroscopy time (8.0±6.0 vs 5.4±4.0 minutes, p &lt;0.0001), radiation dose (1350±1626 vs 714±1017 cGy/cm 2 , p &lt;0.0001), and inpatient stay 1.8±0.9 vs 1.0±3.3 days, p &lt;0.0001) were significantly reduced using ICE. There were no differences in the device deployment success rate (94% vs 95%, p &lt;0.724) and interatrial communication closure at 3 months (96% vs 93%, p =0.722). During percutaneous closure of interatrial defects, ICE avoids the risks and inconvenience of general anaesthesia and is associated with significantly reduced procedure times, radiation doses, and inpatient stay compared to TOE, without compromising procedure success.
Prognostic value of pulmonary function testing in idiopathic pulmonary hypertension - The most relevant differences between survivors and non-survivors in three-years observation study
Authors: Monika Szturmowicz, Aneta Kacprzak, Monika Franczuk, Agnieszka Skoczylas, Anna Fijalkowska, Marcin Kurzyna, Stefan Wesolowski, Adam Torbicki
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction : The risk stratification in idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPAH) is currently based on hemodynamic and functional parameters. Clinical significance of pulmonary function testing (PFT) is not well defined. The aim of the study was to analyze the prognostic value of PFT in IPAH patients (pts) during three-years observation period. Material: 65 IPAH pts, mean age 41.5 (+/-14.5) years, mean(m)PAP - 57.3 (+/-12.5) mmHg, mRAP - 8.9 (+/- 5.2) mmHg, mCI - 2.5 (+/-0.7) L/min/m2, msatO2mv - 56.8 (+/-9.1)%. PFT was performed in all of the patients according to ERS guidelines. Survival time was assessed from PFT till the death, lung transplantation or the end of observation time. The prognostic value of selected variables was tested by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: The following differences in median PFT values between survivors (50 pts) and non-survivors (15 pts) were noted: FEV1 (%pred.) - 100.2 vs 85.8 (p=0.01), FEV1/VC – 0.77 vs 0.74 (p=0.03), VC (%pred.) 109.2 vs 103.1 (ns), MMEF (%pred.) – 75.8 vs 46.4 (p=0.02), DLCO (%pred.) – 74.2 vs 52.0 (p=0.005), TLC-VA (ml) – 660 vs 1170 (p=0.005). DLCO (%pred) (HR: 0.97, p=0.005) and TLC-VA (HR: 2.15, p=0.03) were significant prognostic variables in univariate analysis. DLCO<60%pred, pO2<60 mmHg and satO2mv< 63% were significant prognostic indicators in multivariate analysis. Conclusions : Three- years survivors comparing to non-survivors had significantly higher DLCO% pred. and less disturbances of gas distribution expressed as TLC-VA. Nevertheless only DLCO %pred. was an independent prognostic variable.