tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P04.04 * FSTL5 EXPRESSION IS A MARKER OF GROUP C METASTATIC MEDULLOBLASTOMAS
Authors: C. Baldi, S. Minasi, F. Gianno, M. Massimino, F. Giangaspero, F. Buttarelli
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Four different molecular subgroups are recognized, which differ in gene expression, genomic aberrations, histology, demographics and survival: WNT and SHH groups, that have specific mutations in the pathway from which its name, and groups C and D, which have many genetic alternations but not specific to a single pathway. The gene for follistatin-like protein 5, FSTL5, is overexpressed in subtypes nonSHH/nonWNT MBs. Both are significantly associated with reduced event-free and overall survival in non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma, that are poorly characterized. The major aim of this project is to study the molecular features of metastatic pediatric MBs. METHODS: We investigated the protein expression of biomarker involved in metastatic pathways by immunohistochemistry and FSTL5 expression level by RT-PCR in 26 metastatic MBs samples and correlated these data with the outcomes by Kaplan-Meier statistic analysis. RESULT: 83% of Group C MBs showed high level of FSTL5 while none of these presented low-expression. Low expression level of FSTL5 was find in 60% of SHH MBs and none showed over-expression. Kaplan-Meier test revealed that low expression of FSTL5 was associated with good prognosis and the co-presence of FSTL5 with other metastatic factors correlated with poorer prognosis. CONCLUSION: FSTL5 is a marker of Group C in metastatic medulloblastomas at the onset and the results highlighted decreased FSTL5 expression as a marker of good prognosis. Group C MBs have a characteristic molecular features that confirm the poorest outcome also in metastatic Medulloblastomas at the onset.
Book: Genetics and Public Health in the 21st Century: Using Genetic Information to Improve Health and Prevent Disease
Authors: P. Pharoah
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Eds Muin J Khoury, Wylie Burke, Elizabeth J Thompson Oxford University Press, £47.50, pp 660 ISBN 0 19 512830 3 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> The potential for rapid advances in our understanding of the genetic basis for health and disease has been heralded by the publication of the sequence of the human genome. These advances are likely to present considerable challenges to, as well as opportunities for, public health practitioners, and the term public health genetics has been coined to define the use of knowledge from genetics research to promote health and prevent disease. However, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Imaging Enterobacteriaceae infection in vivo with <sup>18</sup> F-fluorodeoxysorbitol positron emission tomography
Authors: Edward A. Weinstein, Alvaro A. Ordonez, Vincent P. DeMarco, Allison M. Murawski, Supriya Pokkali, Elizabeth M. MacDonald, Mariah Klunk, Ronnie C. Mease, Martin G. Pomper, Sanjay K. Jain
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

2-[ 18 F]-Fluorodeoxysorbitol, a synthetic PET probe, can be used to rapidly, sensitively, and specifically image Gram-negative bacterial infections in animals.
Factors Affecting Length of Hospital Stay for Femoropopliteal Bypass
Authors: Robert S. Rhodes, Carl L. Krasniak, Paul K. Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We compared the length of hospitalization of 329 patients undergoing femoropopliteal bypass during 1982 with that allowed under Medicare's diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) for major reconstructive vascular surgery (DRGs 110 and 111). The mean length of stay was found to be related to the patients' age, increasing at a rate of about 1 percent per year. The site of distal anastomosis, a factor not considered in establishing the criteria for these DRGs, was also important. The lengths of stay for above-the-knee popliteal, below-the-knee popliteal, and tibioperoneal anastomoses were significantly different (F = 3.31; P less than 0.05), with lengths of stay increasing for more distal anastomoses. More distal anastomoses were also associated with increased rates of postoperative morbidity, reoperation, and mortality. Significant differences were noted among the patients treated by different surgeons, with respect to their age, the percentage with previous ipsilateral surgery, the frequency of tibial bypass, and the rates of morbidity, reoperation, and mortality. The most highly qualified surgeons dealt with the sickest patients. We conclude that the DRG system does not take account of important variables influencing the length of hospitalization for femoropopliteal bypass, that it favors younger patients undergoing proximal bypass, and that it is biased against distal bypass for limb salvage.
Mechanism for binding of fatty acids to hepatocyte plasma membranes: Different interpretation
Authors: Judith Storch
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between fatty acids and plasma membranes from liver cells. We were unable to reproduce the reported effect of heating on the capacity of these membranes to bind [3H]oleate (Stremmel et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1985;82:4–8). In fact, the distribution of [3H]oleate between plasma membranes and unilamellar vesicles of lipids extracted from these membranes was in favor of the lipids, indicating the absence of a detectable amount of binding to a putative fatty acid binding protein in plasma membranes. Radius of curvature of vesicles (125 Å vs 475 Å) had no effect on the partitioning of fatty acid. In addition, the distribution of [3H]oleate between plasma membranes and other phases had the properties of a partition coefficient over a 200-fold range of [3H]oleate. There was no evidence in this experiment for a binding isotherm, i.e., binding of [3H]oleate at a specific site, superimposed on the nonspecific partitioning of [3H]oleate into the lipids of the plasma membrane. There was no competition between [14C]oleate and [3H]palmitate for entry into plasma membranes. Finally, rates of uptake of [14C]oleate and [3H]palmitate by perfused rat liver were not affected by the presence of the other fatty acid in perfusates. These data indicate that the avidity of hepatocyte plasma membranes for [3H]oleate is a simple consequence of the physical chemical properties of oleate, lipids, and water. The data exclude the idea that the uptake of fatty acids into cells is the result of binding proteins and/or catalyzed reactions at the water-membrane interface of the cell or within the plane of the plasma membrane.
CLINICAL NOTES ON SYPHILIS.
Authors: JEROME KINGSBURY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The literature on the subject of extragenital chancres is so extensive that one naturally hesitates before adding to the enormous number of cases already recorded. The fact that the profession at large does not, as yet, seem to appreciate the frequency of this clinical occurrence I believe to be sufficient reason to warrant a brief report of six cases of primary syphilitic lesion of the lip. All the patients are women. The first three were seen in private practice during the past year and a half, and the other three at the Presbyterian Hospital Dispensary within the past five months. Cases 3, 4 and 5 were presented at recent meetings of the Society of Dermatology and Genito-Urinary Surgery. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —A widow, aged 44. <h3>Examination.</h3> —When first seen at her residence, she was suffering from severe frontal headaches, and complained of the annoyance and disfigurement caused by an obstinate sore
Anteroposterior radiograph of the right shoulder
Authors: K.-H. Pan, M.-H. Zheng
Journal: BMJ (2015)

At homeostasis, most Th17 cells are found in the lamina propria of the intestine, where they contribute to tissue homeostasis by inhibiting microbiota from tissue invasion and promote barrier functions. Recent studies in humans and mice have implicated intestinal Th17 cells in extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, but the mechanism in which intestinal Th17 cells mediate these dichotomous functions remains unknown. Here, we combined single-cell RNA- and TCR-seq (scRNA/TCR-seq) with fate mapping of tissue Th17 cells to profile over 84,000 tissue Th17 cells and characterize their heterogeneity, plasticity, and migration at homeostasis and during CNS autoimmunity. We discovered a homeostatic Th17 cell population, that is induced by the intestinal microbiota, is present in both lymphoid organs and the intestine, and expresses IL-17. Joint scRNA- and TCR-seq showed that during EAE this homeostatic population gives rise to a pathogenic Th17 cell population, that migrates specifically through the draining lymph nodes and the spleen to the CNS, and highly expresses GM-CSF and IFNγ, but expresses little or low levels of IL-17. This conversion of homeostatic Th17 cells into encephalitogenic Th17 cells depended on IL-23R signaling. Our work characterizes Th17 heterogeneity, plasticity, and migration during homeostasis and CNS autoimmune disease, identifies a mechanism by which intestinal Th17 cells influence the generation of an autoimmune disease-inducing population, and provides further evidence for a direct relationship between the IL-17-producing and GM-CSF- and IFNγ- producing pathogenic T cells.
Pathology of the alimentary tract in Salmonella typhimurium food poisoning.
Authors: J F Boyd
Journal: Gut (1985)

The pathology of the alimentary tracts of nine patients dying of Salmonella typhimurium infection is reviewed. Two patients had previous gastric operations, supporting previous reports that such patients are more susceptible to food poisoning. Four had no parietal (oxyntic) cells in the gastric mucosa, suggesting hypo- or anacidity. Only one had acute gastritis. None had acute enteritis, but in half of the patients, subtle histological changes suggested an 'enteropathy'. Acute diffuse colitis with abundant crypt abscesses, without stromal abscesses in the lamina propria, was the most constant finding and reparative features started very early, and occurred in later deaths. Under ideal circumstances this crypt abscess is readily distinguished from that of idiopathic ulcerative colitis, but can be confused with the crypt abscess of acute bacillary (sonne) dysentery. While the florid colonic changes may have settled in the late deaths, active inflammation is commonly present in the appendix mucosa on histology. The pathology of the alimentary tract in S typhimurium infection differs from that of S typhi and S paratyphi infections. There is little evidence of gastroenteritis, although subtle changes occur in the stomach and small intestine. The features are those of acute diffuse colitis with histological appendicitis, distinguishable from idiopathic ulcerative colitis.
Reconstitution of bactericidal activity in chronic granulomatous disease cells by glucose-oxidase–containing liposomes
Authors: Claudia E. Gerber, Gernot Bruchelt, Ulrike B. Falk, Andrea Kimpfler, Oliver Hauschild, Selim Kuçi, Thomas Bächi, Dietrich Niethammer, Rolf Schubert
Journal: Blood (2001)
THE BIPHASIC NATURE OF RENAL CALCIFICATION
Authors: Lewis K. Dahl, Vincent P. Dole
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

RENAL CALCIFICATION, INDUCED IN RATS BY AN INJECTION OF URANIUM, IS ACCOMPLISHED IN TWO STAGES: a primary accumulation of calcium in association with anions other than phosphate and a secondary conversion of this calcium complex into a precipitate of calcium phosphate. Except for the exclusion of chondroitin sulfate, the nature of the primary anions remains undefined. The accumulation of calcium in the kidney was converted into a precipitate of minimum solubility, and thus the evidence of its primary causation was obliterated. This may well hold true of calcification at other situations.
1037. Formulating and Testing of Targeted siRNA for Applications In Vivo
Authors: Marie McAnuff, Garrett Rettig, Ji-seon Kim, Dijie Liu, Changpo Chen, Molly Martin, Kevin Rice
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The use of RNAi to manipulate gene expression has become an invaluable tool in the elucidation of gene function. Although RNAi may have therapeutic potential, its successful application is limited by instability and poor delivery of synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or vector-expressed short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in mammalian systems. A comparative evaluation of the efficiency of siRNA versus plasmid-expressed indicated that siRNAs are more potent inhibitors of gene expression than shRNA however, the duration of silencing by siRNAs is shorter than for shRNAs. An evaluation of PEI versus Cys-Trp-Lys17-Cys to delivery siRNAs in vitro showed no difference in the efficiency of knockdown, suggesting that the transfection agent used does not affect siRNA potency. In an effort to improve in vivo stability and liver targetingefficiency, siRNA was formulated with glutaraldehyde-crosslinked glycopeptide PEG-peptide to form stabilized colloids. These formulations showed improved liver targeting efficiency and metabolic stability in mice. The results provide evidence of improved formulation strategies for siRNA utilizing cross-linked peptide gene delivery systems that may improve potency and duration of action in vivo.
Quality of Measurement or Quality of Medicine?
Authors: David B. Nash
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Across the land, tens of thousands of inpatient medical records of Medicare beneficiaries are being analyzed using dozens of expert-derived "indicators" about the quality of care that was delivered. This information is then transmitted to the state-based peer review organizations (PROs), who in turn evaluate and interpret the results. Finally, dozens of newly appointed physicians from the PROs, many with advanced degrees in public health and epidemiology, fan out across their respective states to share these results with hospital medical staffs. Hospitals then agree to submit quality improvement action plans for PRO approval 30 days following these cooperative feedback sessions. Gone are the days of quality by inspection as we herald a new era of nonpunitive feedback on actual performance based on national data sets and the principles of continuous quality improvement. Does this dramatic scenario seem familiar? Regrettably, I contend that most practicing physicians are blissfully unaware of the
Cause of severe head injury and risk of complications.
Authors: D Gentleman, G Teasdale, L Murray
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Dietary practices of Asian diabeticsIn the legend to the table in the article "Dietary practices of Asian diabetics" (18 January, p 171) "unsaturated oil" should have read "unsaturated margarine."Relation between cause ofinjury and risks ofmultiple injuries and intracranial haematoma No (%) of
Stewart G Wolf
Authors: Paul J Rosch
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Former head of the department of medicine University of Oklahoma, USA (b Baltimore 1914; q Johns Hopkins Medical School 1938), died from Alzheimer's disease on 25 September 2005.

Steward Wolf did postgraduate training at Cornell-New York Hospital. He subsequently headed the department of medicine at the University of Oklahoma, where he simultaneously held professorships in physiology, neurology, psychiatry, and the behavioural sciences. Sometimes referred to as “the father of psychosomatic medicine,” he did groundbreaking research on the role of stress and emotions on gastrointestinal function, hypertension, heart attacks, and sudden death, the placebo response, and the cardioprotective effects of strong social support and stability.
Lilly investigated in US over the marketing of olanzapine
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The multinational drug company Eli Lilly faces the threat of lawsuits from US state governments over alleged illegal practices in the marketing of its drug olanzapine (Zyprexa), which is used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. 

The company has already agreed to settle more than 18 000 outstanding product liability claims that relate to the drug in the United States for an undisclosed sum. 

Last week, the attorney generals of Vermont and Illinois issued civil investigative demands, equivalent to subpoenas, ordering the company to hand over internal documents relating to the marketing of olanzapine. The states are investigating claims that the company concealed data that show serious risk of side effects including weight gain, hyperglycaemia, and diabetes 

Investigators are also looking at whether Eli Lilly illegally promoted the off-label use of the drug …
India tightens regulation of clinical trials to safeguard participants
Authors: P. Chatterjee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

India has taken steps to clamp down on potentially dangerous or unethical clinical trials to try to prevent enrolment of patients without their consent and to ensure that any participants who experience adverse events are compensated.

The Drugs and Cosmetics (Third Amendment) Rules 2013, issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare this month, include provisions on ethics committees and compensation that seek to tighten the regulatory framework for drug companies that sponsor clinical trials in India.1

The new rules say that “in case of an injury or death during the clinical trial to the subject of the clinical trial, the applicant shall provide complete medical management and compensation in the case of trial related injury or death.”

Arun Panda, a health ministry official, told the BMJ , “The drug controller general of India would decide the amount [of compensation], if …
The impact of serious sport and active recreation injuries on physical activity levels
Authors: N Andrew, B J Gabbe, R Wolfe, P A Cameron
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Sport and active recreation are important avenues for health enhancing physical activity. These health benefits can however be negated by injury. The impact of sport and active recreation injury on long term physical activity levels has yet to be investigated. Objective To evaluate the impact of serious sport and active recreation injury on patients' long-term physical activity levels. Design Prospective cohort study with 12-month follow-up. Setting Two Level 1 trauma centres and one regional hospital in Victoria, Australia. Participants Adults admitted to hospital with orthopaedic sport and active recreation injuries and captured by the Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry were recruited from the two Level 1 trauma centres and one regional hospital over a 12-month time period. A total of 324 patients entered the study and 98% were followed up at 12-months post-injury. Assessment of risk factors Independent variables used in the analyses were sporting group, age, sex, education level, major trauma classification (Injury Severity Score&gt;15), injury patterns and disability at 12-months post-injury. Main outcome measurement The International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results At 12-months post-injury participants reported significant reductions in physical activity levels (p&lt;0.001) with median levels reduced by two thirds. Those reporting no disability as measured by the Extended Glasgow Outcomes Scale at 12-months, still reported significant reductions in physical activity (p&lt;0.001) with median levels reduced by more than half and vigorous activity being performed half as frequently. Multivariate regression analysis found no significant predictors of physical activity levels at 12-months. Conclusion Sport and active recreation injuries lead to significant reductions in physical activity levels, with potential negative health impacts in the future. The importance of sports injury prevention in maintaining population physical activity and the need to better understand why patients do not return to pre-injury activity levels is highlighted.
Safety data from New Zealand
Authors: M. Harrison-Woolrych
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The recent letters on varenicline and suicide raise interesting issues about different approaches to identify and quantify risk in pharmacovigilance.1 2 In New Zealand the Intensive Medicines Monitoring Programme (IMMP)3 is currently performing an observational cohort study of varenicline. Our cohort is established directly from pharmacy dispensing data, which more accurately estimates varenicline exposure than prescription records …
SOME REMARKS ON A CASE OF ACTINOMYCOSIS OF THE LUNGS
Authors: P. S. Hichens
Journal: BMJ (1905)

AOTINOMY OF fHE LUNGS.[Nov.4, 95.honeycomb, but by degrees these becomebroken up by absorp- tion, and then the -remnants of the normal hepatic tissue appear as islands on the cut surface of the liver.The microscQpic characters of the cysts when examined in the _%rly,sges prove that they ar.se in the bile canals,.butno investigator has succeeded in ascertaining the cause of this disease, or in associating it with obstruction to the escape of bile.The most remarkable circumstance-connected with general cystic disease of the liver is its occasional association with general cystic (congenital) disease of the kidneys, a con- dition due to ectasia of the uriniferous tubules.The cause of this cystic disease in the liver is even more uncertain than that in the kidneys.'This general cystic disease of the liver causes great enlarge- ment of the organ, but is painless, causes no jaundice, pre- sents no diagnostic features, and comes invariably as a post- mortem surprise.On the other hand, it will be seen that the solitary cyst, though obvious during life, has so far been a clinical puzzle.2. SOLITARY CYST OF TRE LIVER.All writers are unanimous that a solitary non-parasitic cyst of the liver is rare; nevertheless it occurs, and causes, when large, great perplexity in diagnosis.The best example which has come under my notice occurred in a lady, aged 75 years, who was placed under my care by Mr. Charles J. W. Pinching of Gravesend.It had been noticed five years, and appeared in the epigastrium as a swelling about the size of an apple.This lump grew slowly and painlessly until it attained the dimensions of a man's head and became troublesome.Clinically it resembled a tumour; or cyst, growing between the layers of the mesentery, and was regarded tby one physician who saw the patient as an ovarian cyst.When exposed by a free incision in the middle line of the abdomen it appeared as an extremely thin-walled translucent cyst growing out from the lower border of the left lobe of the liver, and without any communication with the gall bladder, which was normal.The peritoneal investment and the capsule of the liver were continuous with the cyst wall.The cyst contained 2 pints of brownish neutral fluid, specific gravity 1007, containing a small quantity of blood, scanty solid matter with negative characters, and free from sugar.By iiicising the capsuile at its junction with the liver, I succeeded in completsly enucleating the cyst.The bleeding vessels in the raw surface of the'liver were easily controlled by ligatures of thin silk.The flaps consisting of liver tissue were carefully broughtttqgeher;by means of silk sutures, and the apposition
Generalised allergy to porcine and bovine monocomponent insulins.
Authors: J P Simmonds, G I Russell, A J Cowley, H F Sewell, J R Hearnshaw
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The table shows that the overall incidence of impotence was 23 % (19/83) among the diabetics and 20% (10/50) among the non-diabetics.No differ- ence in libido emerged between the groups.Of the impotent men, 10 dia- betics and four non-diabetics rarely or never experienced sexual desire whereas nine diabetics and six non-diabetics often did.All impotent subjects aged under 50 had "normal" libido, except for one diabetic aged 45.Incidence of impotence in diabetic and non-diabetic hospital outpatients Diabetics Non-diabetics Age No of No No of No (years) subjects impotent subjects impotent
Plasma kallistatin is associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in apparently healthy African American adolescents
Authors: Haidong Zhu, Julie Chao, Ishita Kotak, Dehuang Guo, Samip J. Parikh, Jigar Bhagatwala, Yutong Dong, Sagar Y. Patel, Chris Houk, Lee Chao, Yanbin Dong
Journal: Metabolism (2012)