tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE SENSORY CHANGES AND CONDITIONS OF THE OCULAR APPARATUS AS FOUND IN IMBECILITY, EPILEPSY, AND GENERAL PARALYSIS OF THE INSANE.Read by title in the Section of Ophthalmology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: CHARLES A. OLIVER
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The present paper is based upon a series of observations the result of five years' work at the State Hospital for the Insane at Norristown, Pa. The special character of research treated of in this communication, which has been carefully pursued by the aid of competent assistants, is here given as a series of concluding remarks upon those symptoms which have been deemed sufficiently proper for generalization and conclusion. It must be remembered, however, that the work as at present given cannot be considered complete, even from a clinical standpoint, because in reality it consists in a mere placing of all of the more certain sensory changes found in the three conditions (and before published in a separated form), into a single and combined grouping, thus hoping, as was attempted with the motor symptoms, to place them side by side for comparative study. Not that the results can be considered
Free and total plasma theophylline concentrations in chronic airflow obstruction.
Authors: P Ebden, D Leopold, A P Smith, D Buss, P A Routledge
Journal: Thorax (1984)

It has been suggested that the variability in clinical response between individuals at any given total plasma theophylline concentration may be related to interpatient variability in theophylline plasma protein binding. We therefore measured the plasma protein binding of theophylline in plasma from 39 outpatients with chronic airflow obstruction who were receiving long term oral theophylline treatment. The protein binding was measured at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4 by equilibrium dialysis. Total plasma theophylline concentration was measured by high performance liquid chromatography and the free concentration calculated by multiplying total concentration by the free (unbound) fraction. The total plasma theophylline concentration varied from 0.7 to 22.0 micrograms/ml, mean 10.6 (SD 5.3) micrograms/ml (3.9-121 mumol/l, mean 58.3 (29.2) mumol/l). The free fraction of theophylline varied only from 0.58 to 0.69 (mean 0.626 (0.024] microgram/ml and was not related to the total concentration (r = -0.236, n = 39, p greater than 0.05). There was a very close relationship between free and total plasma concentrations (r = 0.996, n = 39, p less than 0.001). It is concluded that there is little variability in plasma protein binding of theophylline in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Other factors appear to be responsible for variability between individuals in the response to a given total plasma theophylline concentration.
CONVULSIONS OF EARLY LIFE AND THEIR RELATION TO THE CHRONIC CONVULSIVE DISORDERS AND MENTAL DEFECT
Authors: DOUGLAS A. THOM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

My own observations and a study of the literature point to a general agreement, in regard to certain factors, among those working on the problem of infantile convulsions and their relation to subsequent neuro-psychiatric disorders. 1. Convulsions repeated over a period of weeks or months during early life are more likely to be followed by epilepsy than a single convulsion or a series of convulsions occurring within a relatively short period of a few days or hours. 2. A larger number of children have convulsions during the first year than at any other time. Husler(14) judges that in 41 per cent of his cases the onset of epilepsy was at the age of four. This was not substantiated by our recent study where convulsions beginning in the first year were more frequently followed by serious results. Schrenk(15) finds that the peak in "genuine epilepsy" occurs around the second and the seventh-eighth year of life while the peak in "symptomatic epilepsy" is definitely in the first year of life. 3. The so-called "idiopathic" convulsions are more likely to merge directly into a chronic convulsive disorder than those of any other group except when there is manifest evidence of brain damage. 4. Petit mal attacks occurring during the first two years of life are likely to merge into a chronic convulsive disorder or become associated with mental retardation. (Morse(16); Still(5).) 5. Convulsions per se may cause cerebral damage which affects normal brain development, resulting in mental deficiency. 6. The incidence of infantile convulsions in varied samplings of children studied by different investigators appears to range from 7 to 10 per cent. The author found that 7 per cent of an unselected group of children had infantile convulsions. A fairly large percentage of all those suffering from epilepsy in adult life give a history of having had one or more convulsions prior to the fifth year of life. Of a series of 300 epileptics studied at a state hospital for epileptics(1) 50 per cent gave a history of infantile convulsions. It has been shown by the author over a period of years that less than 1 per cent of 8000 unselected children developed epilepsy, but that 48 (12 per cent) of a total of 395 children having a history of infantile convulsions developed a chronic convulsive disorder. This would indicate that the child having a history of infantile convulsions is twelve times more vulnerable to epilepsy than a child without a history of infantile convulsions. Still(5) found that 28 per cent of the infantile attacks merged directly into epilepsy. Patrick and Levy(6) found that 4 per cent of their non-epileptics had infantile convulsions, as compared with 20 per cent of their epileptics. According to these results infantile convulsions increase the chances of epilepsy five times. Whatever the ratio may be, it seems quite evident that infantile convulsions do tend to increase materially the risk of epilepsy and mental deficiency in later life.
Microtubule acetylation and stability may explain alcohol-induced alterations in hepatic protein trafficking
Authors: Rohan A. Joseph, Blythe D. Shepard, George T. Kannarkat, Tara M. Rutledge, Dean J. Tuma, Pamela L. Tuma
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

We have been using polarized hepatic WIF-B cells to examine ethanol-induced liver injury. Previously, we determined microtubules were more highly acetylated and more stable in ethanol-treated WIF-B cells. We proposed that the ethanol-induced alterations in microtubule dynamics may explain the ethanol-induced defects in membrane trafficking that have been previously documented. To test this, we compared the trafficking of selected proteins in control cells and cells treated with ethanol or with the histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). We determined that exposure to 50 nM TSA for 30 minutes induced microtubule acetylation ( approximately 3-fold increase) and stability to the same extent as did ethanol. As shown previously in situ, the endocytic trafficking of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) was impaired in ethanol-treated WIF-B cells. This impairment required ethanol metabolism and was likely mediated by acetaldehyde. TSA also impaired ASGP-R endocytic trafficking, but to a lesser extent. Similarly, both ethanol and TSA impaired transcytosis of the single-spanning apical resident aminopeptidase N (APN). For both ASGP-R and APN and for both treatments, the block in trafficking was internalization from the basolateral membrane. Interestingly, no changes in transcytosis of the glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, 5'-nucleotidase, were observed, suggesting that increased microtubule acetylation and stability differentially regulate internalization. We further determined that albumin secretion was impaired in both ethanol-treated and TSA-treated cells, indicating that increased microtubule acetylation and stability also disrupted this transport step.These results indicate that altered microtubule dynamics explain in part alcohol-induced defects in membrane trafficking.
OCT Imaging for the Management of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Zhehao Dai, Yoshihiro Fukumoto, Shunsuke Tatebe, Koichiro Sugimura, Yutaka Miura, Kotaro Nochioka, Tatsuo Aoki, Saori Miyamichi-Yamamoto, Nobuhiro Yaoita, Kimio Satoh, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
What are the differences between culprit and nonculprit lesions in patients with acute myocardial infarction?
Authors: Jun-ichi Kotani, Gary S. Mintz, Marco T. Castagna, Lukasz Kalinczuk, Jerzy Pregowski, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Ron Waksman, William O. Suddath, Kenneth M. Kent, Neil J. Weissman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Discontinuation of Prophylaxis against<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Complex Disease in HIV-Infected Patients Who Have a Response to Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Wafaa M. El-Sadr, William J. Burman, Lisa Bjorling Grant, John P. Matts, Richard Hafner, Lawrence Crane, Doug Zeh, Barbara Gallagher, Sharon B. Mannheimer, Ana Martinez, Fred Gordin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Several agents are effective in preventing Mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, there is uncertainty about whether prophylaxis should be continued in patients whose CD4+ cell counts have increased substantially with antiviral therapy.
Statins, saving lives, and shibboleths
Authors: Tim Blackman
Journal: BMJ (2007)

There is little doubt that inequalities in health are difficult to tackle. In England the gap in life expectancy has continued to widen, despite bringing health inequalities increasingly into the mainstream of performance management in the NHS. However fast the most deprived areas or disadvantaged groups improve their health, everyone else's health improves faster. It sometimes seems that the most effective contribution to tackling inequalities in health that the professional classes could make is to be a little less healthy and die a little earlier.

In fact the government's strategy for health inequalities is now more akin to redistributing health than to redistributing income or wealth. Health is being redistributed pharmacologically by statins, antihypertensives, and nicotine replacement therapy. This is creating the paradoxical situation of a medical rather than a social model of public health, and a key role for pharmaceutical companies in a new definition of prevention based on drugs. The use of statins, for example, in the effort to narrow health inequalities has seen the term “primary …
Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis: Disease Induction, Time Course and T–Cell Reactivity
Authors: Ansgar W. Lohse, Michael Manns, Hans-Peter Dienes, Karl-Hermann Meyer Zum Büschenfelde, Irun R. Cohen
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

This study describes a murine model of autoimmune hepatitis: experimental autoimmune hepatitis. Experimental autoimmune hepatitis could be induced most effectively in male C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal immunization with the 100,000 g superantant of syngeneic liver homogenate (S–100) in complete Freund's adjuvant. BALB/C and C3H mice were less susceptible than C57BL/6 mice. Experimental autoimmune hepatitis could not be induced in Lewis rats. Intraperitoneal immunization was more effective than intramuscular or subcutaneous injections, and the amount of protein administered above a threshold was of little influence. A single intraperitoneal injection of S–100 in complete Freund's adjuvant resulted in hepatitis of at least 6 mo duration. Histological changes were most marked 4 wk after disease induction. The histological findings were characterized mainly by perivascular inflammatory infiltrates and hepatocyte necroses. The histological changes were accompanied by biochemical evidence of liver cell death. Passive transfer of experimental autoimmune hepatitis with concanavalin. A-activated splenocytes was possible. Specific T–cell reactivity against fractions of S–100 could be demonstrated in vitro. Thus experimental autoimmune hepatitis is a murine model of autoimmune hepatitis probably mediated by autoreactive T cells. It will allow studies of the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. (HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11: 24-30.)
Gulf veteran gets pension for desert fever
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The British government has acknowledged for the first time that the illness of a veteran of the Gulf war was caused by the cocktail of injections he was given before and during the conflict. Robert Lake, 25, who was a corporal, has been granted a war pension for illness caused by his immunisation programme and attributable to service in the Gulf. He is one of at least seven former …
P744Regulation of adiponectin expression by selective molecular components of mediterranean diets in human adipocytes
Authors: E Scoditti, M Massaro, MA Carluccio, M Pellegrino, N Calabriso, M Wabitsch, C Storelli, R De Caterina
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone with insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic actions. Adiponectin levels are suppressed in obesity through mechanisms involving chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Olive oil consumption is associated with beneficial cardiovascular and metabolic actions with contributions from the antioxidant phenol hydroxytyrosol (HT) and the monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid (OA, 18:1n-9cis), which possess anti-inflammatory and vasculoprotective properties. We determined the effects of HT and OA, alone and in combination, on adiponectin expression in human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome adipocytes, under pro-inflammatory condition induced by the cytokine TNF-α. Methods: Adipocytes were treated with 1-50 μmol/L OA for 48 h, 0.1-10 μmol/L HT for 1 h or with a combination of OA plus HT, before 10 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h. Adiponectin protein levels in the culture medium and mRNA expression were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)Γ protein and mRNA levels, as well as PPARΓ activation, were determined by Western blotting, real-time PCR, and ELISA. Phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by Western blotting and the peroxide-sensitive fluorophore dichlorofluoresceine diacetate, respectively. Results: OA or HT significantly prevented, in a concentration-dependent manner, TNF-α-induced suppression of total adiponectin secretion as well as mRNA levels in human adipocytes (40% vs control for TNF-alpha, 80% vs control for TNF-alpha + HT or TNF-alpha + OA, P<0.05). HT and OA prevented - by 30% - TNF-α-induced downregulation of PPARΓ, a master transcriptional regulator of adiponectin, in association with blunted basal and TNF-α-triggered production of ROS. HT+OA co-treatment restored adiponectin and PPARΓ expression in an additive manner compared with single treatment. We also explored HT and OA effect on the mitogen-activated protein kinase JNK phosphorylation, crucial for adiponectin and PPARΓ suppression by TNF-α. Here HT or OA alone as well as OA+HT combination in an additive manner attenuated TNF-α-stimulated JNK phosphorylation. Conclusions: The virgin olive oil components, OA and HT, at nutritionally relevant concentrations, have additive effects in preventing adiponectin downregulation in inflamed adipocytes, via the attenuation of oxidative stress and JNK-mediated PPARΓ suppression. These components may explain at least part of the metabolic and vascular beneficial role of olive oil in Mediterranean diets.
Pharmacotherapy for Obesity — Do the Benefits Outweigh the Risks?
Authors: JoAnn E. Manson, Gerald A. Faich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

An association between appetite-suppressant drugs and primary pulmonary hypertension is reported by Abenhaim et al. in this issue of the Journal.1 This important finding requires careful assessment, because the prevalence of obesity is increasing and sustained weight reduction has been difficult to achieve without drug treatment. Moreover, the appetite-suppressant drug dexfenfluramine (Redux) has recently become available in the United States. The current receptive climate for pharmacotherapy reflects a paradigm shift: obesity is now recognized as a chronic disease that requires long-term treatment. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Because exercise, diet, and behavioral . . .
A randomized, prospective trial of ribavirin 400 mg/day versus 800 mg/day in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a in hepatitis C virus genotypes 2 and 3
Authors: Peter Ferenci, Harald Brunner, Hermann Laferl, Thomas-Matthias Scherzer, Andreas Maieron, Michael Strasser, Gabriele Fischer, Harald Hofer, Martin Bischof, Rudolf Stauber, Michael Gschwantler, Petra Steindl-Munda, Katharina Staufer, Karin Löschenberger
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

We compared the efficacy and tolerability of 24 weeks of treatment with ribavirin 800 mg/day (group A) or 400 mg/day (group B) plus peginterferon alfa-2a 180 mug/week in treatment-naive patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 or 3. A total of 97 of 141 patients randomized to group A (68.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 60.5%-76.3%) and 90 of 141 patients randomized to group B (63.8; 95% CI 55.3%-71.7%) achieved a sustained virological response, defined as undetectable serum HCV RNA at the end of untreated follow-up (week 48). Among patients infected with genotype 3, the rate of sustained virological response was 67.5% (95% CI 58.4%-75.6%) in group A and 63.9% (95% CI 54.7%-72.4%) in group B, and among patients infected with genotype 2, the rate of sustained virological response was 77.8% (95% CI 54.2%-93.6%) in group A and 55.6% (95% CI 38.4%-83.7%) in group B. Relapse rates in the 2 treatment groups were similar (17% in group A and 20% in group B). The incidence of adverse events, laboratory abnormalities, and dose reductions was similar in the 2 treatment groups.The results suggest that when administered for 24 weeks with peginterferon alfa-2a, ribavirin doses of 400 and 800 mg/day produce equivalent outcomes in patients infected with HCV genotype 3.
First generation anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for management of B cell malignances: initial analysis of an ongoing Phase I clinical trial
Authors: Manon Evans, Ryan Guest, Dominic Rothwell, Debbie Burt, Natalia Kirillova, Jennifer Haughton, Shien Chow, Fiona Thistlethwaite, David Gilham, Robert Hawkins
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Management of advanced B cell malignancies refractory to standard chemotherapy is challenging with sub-optimal results. Recent clinical reports of durable, objective responses from adoptive transfer of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have accentuated the
Abolition of "The View" at Inquests
Authors: R. P. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1898)

but I should not like to assert that I have always used strictly antiseptic or aseptic measures in my labours; in fact, I maintain that in the hurry and bustle of general practice sich stringent precautions are impossible, although in the practice of a specialist or hospital such measures may be carried out.As regards the small amount of practical obstetric work demanded from students before admission to the final *eaminations, I consider it a perfect farce, and a disgrace to a country which is supposed to be in the van in such matters.-I am, etc.
The Voluntary Insane
Authors: A. Paton
Journal: BMJ (1996)

George Crabbe Ed Felix Pryor Richard Cohen Books, £12.99, pp 110 ISBN 1 86066 025 8

One day in 1989 Felix Pryor, an expert on old manuscripts, was handed by his father a small notebook which had been in the family for many years. Inside were the handwritten drafts of four long poems plus a dozen or so pressed plants, but no clue as to the author. “Crabbe was my first guess,” says Pryor in his fascinating introduction, and this quickly turned out be the case. Three of …
On Scleroderma
Authors: Henry N. Claman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

An integrated view of the pathogenesis of scleroderma should include vascular, immunologic, and fibrotic processes. This review introduces the mast cell into this picture, emphasizing recent knowledge gained from a study of experimental chronic graft-vs-host disease and scleroderma itself. In both of these situations, increased mast cell activity occurs. A link between the activation of both endothelial cells and fibroblasts may be provided by the family of heparin-binding growth factors. These cytokines are produced by many cells and are bound, protected, and enhanced by heparin, which may be provided by the activated mast cells. These and other growth factors may be responsible for endothelial proliferation and excess collagen production by fibroblasts. This enlarged schema should provide additional points for therapeutic intervention in scleroderma. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:1206-1209)
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

A GREAT deal of publicity was given in late 1971 and early 1972 to reports of unethical practices in a long-term study of so-called untreated syphilis in a group of black men in six Southern states. It was alleged that a United States Public Health Service study, also perhaps supported by certain foundations, had withheld effective treatment from these men and that many had died as a result. A cover story on human experimentation in Medical World News referred to subjects in the study as "victims" of the Tuskegee affair.1 In 1972 an ad hoc advisory panel was formed to . . .
Development of a pollution prevention and energy efficiency clearinghouse for biomedical research facilities.
Authors: L F Barker, E H Rau, E A Pfister, J Calcagni
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

This is the report of the National Association of Physicians for the Environment Committee on Development of a Pollution Prevention and Energy Efficiency Clearinghouse for Biomedical Research Facilities from the Leadership Conference on Biomedical Research and the Environment held at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, on 1--2 November 1999. A major goal of the conference was the establishment of a World Wide Web-based clearinghouse, which would lend tremendous resources to the biomedical research community by providing access to a database of peer-reviewed articles and references dealing with a host of aspects of biomedical research relating to energy efficiency, pollution prevention, and waste reduction. A temporary website has been established with the assistance of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regions III and IV, where a pilot site provides access to the EPA's existing databases on these topics. A system of peer review for articles and promising techniques still must be developed, but a glimpse of topics and search engines is available for comment and review on the EPA Region IV-supported website (http://wrrc.p2pays.org/).