tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vitro reversal of the fasting state of liver metabolism in the rat. Reevaluation of the roles of insulin and glucose.
Authors: M E Boyd, E B Albright, D W Foster, J D McGarry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Studies were conducted to determine whether the direction of hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the rat could be switched simultaneously from a "fasted" to a "fed" profile in vitro. When incubated for 2 h under appropriate conditions hepatocytes from fasted animals could be induced to synthesize glycogen at in vivo rates. There was concomitant marked elevation of the tissue malonyl-coenzyme A level, acceleration of fatty acid synthesis, and suppression of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. In agreement with reports from some laboratories, but contrary to popular belief, glucose was not taken up efficiently by the cells and was thus a poor substrate for eigher glycogen synthesis or lipogenesis. The best precursor for glycogen formation was fructose, whereas lactate (pyruvate) was most efficient in lipogenesis. In both case the addition of glucose to the gluconeogenic substrates was stimulatory, the highest rates being obtained with the further inclusion of glutamine. Insulin was neither necessary for, nor did it stimulate, glycogen deposition or fatty acid synthesis under favorable substrate conditions. Glucagon at physiological concentrations inhibited both glycogen formation and fatty acid synthesis. Insulin readily reversed the effects of glucagon in the submaximal range of its concentration curve. The following conclusions were drawn. First, the fasted-to-fed transition of hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism can be accomplished in vitro over a time frame similar to that operative in vivo. Second, reversal appears to be a substrate-driven phenomenon, in that insulin is not required. Third, unless an unidentified factor (present in protal blood during feeding) facilitates the uptake of glucose by liver it seems unlikely that glucose is the immediate precursor for liver glycogen or fat synthesis in vivo. A likely candidate for the primary substrate in both processes is lactate, which is rapidly formed from glucose by the small intestine and peripheral tissues. Fructose and amino acids may also contribute. Fourth, the requirement for insulin in the reversal of the fasting state of liver metabolism in vivo can best be explained by its ability to offset the catabolic actions of glucagon.
Medical Group Practice in a Municipal Hospital Setting.
Authors: William J. Schneider
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Medical Group Practice in a Municipal Hospital Setting.William J. Schneider, M.D., Saul J. Farber, M.D., F.A.C.P.William J. Schneider, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Saul J. Farber, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-834_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMedical care in a municipal hospital setting has often been found to lack continuity, convenience, and personal involvement. To eliminate these deficiencies, a group practice was formed at Bellevue Hospital, with a nucleus of three internists in each of five specialty clinics (arthritis-lupus, cardiology, endocrinology, hematology, and hypertension-nephrology) to assume the responsibility for the total medical management of their specialty clinic patients and of a group of general medical clinic patients. In this settting each patient is attended by the same physician over a period of years, and he can contact the physician or his covering associate by telephone or... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 834-834KeywordsEndocrinologyHematology and oncologyHospitals Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Education of the Primary Physician: A Time for Reconsideration?
Authors: Jack M. Colwill
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Two thought-provoking articles in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>suggest the time is ripe for rethinking the education of primary physicians. Geyman<sup>1</sup>suggests (and provides evidence to support his thesis) that we face a shortage of physicians specifically educated for primary care. He identifies alternative approaches for increasing the proportion of primary physicians and provides strong support for the development of a "generic" primary physician. Christiansen et al<sup>2</sup>argue for the development of combined residency programs in family practice and internal medicine as a means of better preparing a primary physician. Specialization has been a dominant force in our health care system during the past four to five decades. Teaching hospitals have both contributed to the explosion of medical knowledge and educated highly specialized physicians to provide this care. Graduates have then replicated these patterns of advanced secondary and tertiary care throughout the community. As a result, we have
Freud did <i>not</i> anticipate modern reconstructive memory processes
Authors: Allen Esterson, Stephen J. Ceci
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

In this commentary, we challenge the claim that Freud's thinking anticipated Bartlettian reconstructive theories of remembering. Erdelyi has ignored important divergences that demonstrate it is not the case that “The constructions and reconstructions of Freud and Bartlett are the same but for motive” (target article, sect. 5).
Commentary: journals must facilitate the dissemination and scrutiny of clinical research
Authors: N. Freemantle
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Steinbrook and Kassirer’s analysis article (doi:10.1136/bmj.c5391)—which suggests that medical journals should require full access to data for industry sponsored trials—broaches many questions, but it is not clear that it advances our thinking. The first question raised is whether the authors truly comprehend the nature of large scale randomised trials. Trials are a major industry; complex, costly, and bureaucratic. Good chairs of steering committees do check carefully that things are done properly, at least to the extent that they are able, but such scrutiny is fundamentally, in the context of drug development and safety, the responsibility of the regulators.

The RECORD trial1 suffered from a number of methodological challenges, in particular unacceptably high levels of loss to follow-up.2 It is not surprising that some of the judgments of a blinded endpoints committee were contestable. The reason we have such committees is because a simple algorithm …
Search Is On for Cells That Repair Heart
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparative Study of Effects of Levarterenol and Methoxamine in Shock Associated with Acute Myocardial Ischemia in Dogs
Authors: James W. West, Arthur T. Faulk, Santiago V. Guzman
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

Coronary arterial injections of levarterenol in dogs in shock from acute experimental myocardial ischemia (by selective coronary embolization with lycopodium spores) directly increased myocardial contraction and resulted in a lowering of both atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures while at the same time raising systemic arterial pressure. Appropriate intravenous administration of the same drug had similar effects and produced a greater rise in systemic arterial pressure. Methoxamine, when administered intravenously, elevated the lowered systemic arterial pressure, but produced a further elevation in the already high atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures. These experiments demonstrate that during acute myocardial ischemia with arterial hypotension, and even in the presence of elevated atrial and pulmonary pressures, a more favorable effect, i.e., increased systemic pressure at lower atrial and pulmonary pressures, is achieved by employing a pressor amine with a direct cardiac stimulating action which increases myocardial contraction in addition to a peripheral vasoconstricting effect. By selective coronary arterial injections, levarterenol has been shown to have a direct cardiac stimulating effect, and therefore satisfies the above requirement, whereas methoxamine does not, since it fails to stimulate myocardial contraction, or actually depresses it, when given into the same site.
High factor VIII levels in venous thromboembolism show linkage to imprinted loci on chromosomes 5 and 11
Authors: Mario Berger, Manuel Mattheisen, Bettina Kulle, Henriette Schmidt, Johannes Oldenburg, Heike Bickeböller, Ulrich Walter, Tom H. Lindner, Konstantin Strauch, Christian M. Schambeck
Journal: Blood (2004)
757. Replication Defective HSV-1 Immediate Early (IE) Gene Mutants: A Comparison of Vector Toxicity Versus Transgene Expression
Authors: David M. Krisky, James Wechuck, Darren Wolfe, Shaohua Huang, Ali Ozuer, Joseph C. Glorioso
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The long-term goal of our laboratory is to create replication defective HSV-1 based viral vectors that are suitable to support the clinical development of therapeutic gene delivery applications. In order to reach this goal three considerations that must be satisfied include; (1) proven efficacy of vector upon delivery to target cells, (2) safety of vector stock preparations, and (3) feasibility of clinical vector stock production. Efficacy is primarily dependent upon effective transgene expression for an appropriate duration without interference with host cell processes that might affect target cell viability. Thus among the most important considerations for vector design are strategies to eliminate vector toxicity and to provide for appropriate transgene expression. Various replication defective HSV-1 viral mutants based on the manipulation of immediate early genes have been described previously. However, the simultaneous evaluation of various combinations of these mutations and the impact on transgene expression has not been reported. We have created an expansive panel of replication defective IE gene mutant HSV-1 viruses and complementing cell lines to produce them. The IE gene ICP0 appears to mediate vector toxicity and also play an important role in the efficient expression of exogenous transgenes from either the ICP0 IE promoter or the widely used HCMV promoter. Large viral genomic deletions have no effect on virus mediated toxicity unless they result in the reduction of ICP0 expression while these large deletions appear to have a deleterious effect on transgene expression in the absence of ICP0 expression. Current productive capabilities of ICP0 mutants are now very similar to the growth characteristics of our previously described IC4/ICP22/ICP27 mutants due to improvements in ICP0/ICP4/ICP27 or ICP0/ICP4/ICP22/ICP27 complementing cells lines and growth conditions. Growth capabilities, vector mediated toxicity, transgene expression, and complementing cell line construction will be described in further detail.
An unusual cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: S. Mantoo, J. Rao
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 57-year-old man presented to us with melena of 3 days' duration. He had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy 1 year prior to presentation. He was hemodynamically stable. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was carried out and revealed a Hem-o-lok clip (Weck Closure Systems, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA) eroding into the first part of duodenum ([Figs. 1] and [2]).
Improved Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors with Multiparametric 18Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Katja Pinker, Wolfgang Bogner, Pascal Baltzer, Georgios Karanikas, Heinrich Magometschnigg, Peter Brader, Stephan Gruber, Hubert Bickel, Peter Dubsky, Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath, Rupert Bartsch, Michael Weber, Siegfried Trattnig, Thomas H. Helbich
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

To assess whether multiparametric (18)fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (MP (18)FDG PET-MRI) using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), three-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imaging (3D (1)H-MRSI), and (18)FDG-PET enables an improved differentiation of benign and malignant breast tumors.Seventy-six female patients (mean age, 55.7 years; range, 25-86 years) with an imaging abnormality (BI-RADS 0, 4-5) were included in this Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved study. Patients underwent fused PET-MRI of the breast with (18)FDG-PET/CT and MP MRI at 3T. The likelihood of malignancy was assessed for all single parameters, for MP MRI with two/three parameters, and for MP (18)FDG PET-MRI. Histopathology was used as the standard of reference. Appropriate statistical tests were used to assess sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for each assessment combination.There were 53 malignant and 23 benign breast lesions. MP (18)FDG PET-MRI yielded a significantly higher area under the cure (AUC) of 0.935 than DCE-MRI (AUC, 0.86; P = 0.044) and the combination of DCE-MRI and another parameter (AUC, 0.761-0.826; P = 0.013-0.020). MP (18)FDG PET-MRI showed slight further improvement to MP MRI with three parameters (AUC, 0.925; P = 0.317). Using MP (18)FDG PET-MRI there would have been a reduction of the unnecessary breast biopsies recommended by MP imaging with one or two parameters (P = 0.002-0.011).This feasibility study shows that MP (18)FDG PET-MRI enables an improved differentiation of benign and malignant breast tumors when several MRI and PET parameters are combined. MP (18)FDG PET-MRI may lead to a reduction in unnecessary breast biopsies.
Intermediate Outcomes in the Prospective, Multicenter Coarctation of the Aorta Stent Trial (COAST)
Authors: Jeffery Meadows, Matthew Minahan, Doff B. McElhinney, Kerry McEnaney, Richard Ringel
Journal: Circulation (2015)

The Coarctation of the Aorta Stent Trial (COAST) was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of the Cheatham Platinum stent when used in children and adults with native or recurrent coarctation. Acute outcomes have been reported. We report here follow-up to 2 years.A total of 105 patients underwent attempted implantation, with 104 successes. There were no procedural deaths, serious adverse events, or surgical intervention. All patients experienced immediate reduction in upper- to lower-extremity blood pressure difference with sustained improvement to 2 years. Rates of hypertension and medication use decreased from baseline to 12 months and remained largely unchanged at 2 years. Six aortic aneurysms have been identified: 5 were successfully treated with covered stent placement, and 1 resolved without intervention. Stent fractures were noted in 2 patients at 1 year and 11 patients at 2 years, with evidence of fracture progression. To date, only larger stent diameter was associated with stent fracture. Twelve additional fractures have occurred after 2 years. No fracture has resulted in loss of stent integrity, stent embolization, aortic wall injury, or reobstruction. Nine reinterventions occurred in the first 2 years for stent redilation and address of aneurysms, and 10 additional reinterventions occurred after 2 years.The Cheatham Platinum stent is safe and associated with persistent relief of aortic obstruction. Stent fracture and progression of fracture occur but have not resulted in clinically important sequelae. Reintervention is common and related to early and late aortic wall injury and need for re-expansion of small-diameter stents.URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00552812.
Immunoreactive apolipoprotein E is a widely distributed cellular protein. Immunohistochemical localization of apolipoprotein E in baboon tissues.
Authors: C T Lin, Y F Xu, J Y Wu, L Chan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Apolipoprotein (apo)E is an important protein determinant in cholesterol homeostasis in man. The protein is synthesized by the liver as well as by a number of extrahepatic tissues. In the present study, immunohistochemical techniques were used to identify apoE in specific cells in various baboon organs. In the 11 tissues studied, the following cell types have been found to harbor apoE immunoreactivity: cerebral astrocytes; thyroid follicular cells; alveolar type II pneumocytes; hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells; adrenocortical cells in zona fasciculata and zona reticularis; adrenal medullary cells; some renal tubular epithelia; some pancreatic islet cells; histiocytic macrophages in lymph nodes and the spleen; some gastric mucosal epithelia; and ovarian oocytes. These observations indicate the wide distribution of apoE in many organs and suggest that the protein might perform other important functions such as regulation of local hormonal homeostasis in addition to its role in cholesterol metabolism.
DIGITALIS IN THE FIRST AND SECOND STAGES OF PNEUMONIA.Read by Title, in the Section of Practice of Medicine and Physiology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: J. W. CARHART
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Ziemssen gives 50 per. cent, of deaths from pneumonia following measles. He lost one-half of his pneumonia patients under one year of age; two-fifths of those from one to three years; and one-fourth of those above three. The ratio of deaths from pneumonia among those of advanced years, and enfeebled by age is even greater. The disease prevails to an alarming extent in the State of Texas, particularly at certain seasons of the year; and as a consequence, I have been led to make somewhat careful investigation into the nature and treatment of the disease, and the cause of the very large death-rate amongst us, which, I have no doubt, will equal that reported by Ziemssen. Whilst there are many factors that contribute largely to swell the mortality record in this disease, such as insufficient clothing, uncomfortable dwellings, exposure in camp-life, improper sanitation, inefficient nursing, bad habits as it
Nuclear Cardiac Imaging: Principles and Applications.
Authors: Abdulmassih S. Iskandrian, Mario S. Verani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

1. A Brief Historical Perspective on Nuclear Cardiology 2. Radiation Physics and Radiation Safety 3. Imaging Instrumentation 4. Kinetics of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Radiotracers 5. Acquisition, Processing and Quantification of Nuclear Cardiac Images 6. Image Artifacts 7. Myocardial Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Attenuation Correction 8. Gated Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography 9. Exercise Treadmill Testing and Exercise Myocardial Perfusion Imaging 10. Pharmacologic Stress Testing and Other Alternative Techniques in the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease 11. Risk assessment in CAD 12. Use of Nuclear Techniques in the Assessment of Patients before and after Cardiac Revascularization Procedures 13. Diagnosis and Risk Assessment in Women 14. Evaluation of Patients with Acute Chest Pain Syndromes: Assessment with Perfusion Imaging in the Emergency Department 15. Fatty Acid and MIBG Imaging 16. Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in the Assessment of Therapeutic Interventions 17. Radionuclide Angiography 18. Positron Emission Tomography 19. Myocardial Viability/Hibernation 20. Other Heart Diseases 21. Development of Newer Radiotracers for Evaluation of Myocardial and Vascular Disorders 22. Nuclear Cardiology Compared to Other Imaging Methods 23. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Nuclear Cardiology 24. Interpreting and Reporting Nuclear Studies 25. ACC/AHA/ASNC Guidelines and Position Papers 26. Practical Aspects of Running a Nuclear Cardiology Laboratory
SKIN DISINFECTION, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE USE OF ACRIFLAVINE
Authors: Martin B. Tinker
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Numerous inquiries regarding details as to methods followed publication of our previous papers<sup>1</sup>and are the reason for this somewhat elementary article. Practically all is in answer to questions that have been asked, some of them many times. First of all, we wish to correct an error resulting from oversight: "Neutral acriflavine" should read "acriflavine," as acriflavine was used in all the tests reported. A 5 per cent acriflavine solution is used because we have found this the weakest percentage that can be relied on to kill many resistant, spore-forming bacteria. Fifty per cent alcohol is used as a solvent because acriflavine is only slightly soluble in stronger percentages of alcohol; moreover, histologic experience shows that weak solutions of alcohol penetrate best, and this probably accounts for the well known fact that weaker percentages of alcohol have greater antiseptic value. Acetone is added because it apparently
Pathophysiology of Upper Airway Closures During Sleep
Authors: Ashley Woodcock
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their article on the pathophysiology of upper airway closure during sleep, Drs Kuna and Sant'Ambrogio<sup>1</sup>seem uncertain about the importance of increased nasal resistance in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). On page 1388, paragraph 1, they comment that"... correction of these nasal problems does not usually resolve OSA" and "Nevertheless, reduction in upstream resistance by treatment of nasal problems is indicated in OSA subjects." The importance of increased nasal resistance in sleep apnea is unclear. We have measured nasal resistance by anterior rhinomanometry (right nasal resistance, left nasal resistance, and calculated combined nasal resistance), in 141 consecutive patients undergoing polysomnography for symptoms suggestive of OSA. There was no significant difference in combined nasal resistance between patients with OSA (apnea/hypopnea index, &gt;15; mean, 46; n = 71) and snorers (apnea/hypopnea index, &lt;15; mean, 5; n=70). Only six patients had a raised combined nasal resistance (&gt;3 cm H<sub>2</sub>