tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Gleason Prostate Biopsy and Gleason Prostatectomy Grading System: The Lahey Clinic Medical Center Experience and an International Meta-Analysis
Authors: Michael S. Cohen, Robert S. Hanley, Teodora Kurteva, Robin Ruthazer, Mark L. Silverman, Andrea Sorcini, Karim Hamawy, Robert A. Roth, Ingolf Tuerk, John A. Libertino
Journal: European Urology (2008)
RECOMBINANT DNA: HYPOTHETICAL FEARS VS. POTENTIAL BENEFITS
Authors: J. J. HOLLAND
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1977)

Medicine as an art demands constant evaluation, weighing new treatments against old practices, benefits against risks, successesagainst failures.On occasion, the evidence leads to different conclusions.Nowhere is this more evident than in the management of the cancer patient.OPINIONS will present the views of specialists on a wide spectrum of controversial subjects.It is hoped that the frank expression of ideas will provide a framework within which our readers may form their own opinions.
1062-46 Preventive effects of rosiglitazone on restenosis after coronary stent implantation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Yangsoo Jang, Sung-Hee Choi, Soo-Kyung Kim, Bong-Soo Cha
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Psychogeriatrics: a national survey of a new branch of psychiatry.
Authors: J Wattis, L Wattis, T Arie
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A national survey of "psychogeriatricians" showed that of a "core group" of 106, 39 were working full-time with the elderly, 52 more than half-time, and a further 15 were running clearly defined psychogeriatric services. Adding late responders, non-responders about whom firm information was available, and people taking up new posts, it is estimated that at the end of 1980 at least 120 consultant psychiatrists were providing special psychiatric services for the elderly. The "core" psychiatrists were working in 87 "major services," 64 singlehanded and 23 joint. More than half the respondents had started this work only in the past five years. This is thus a very new major development in the NHS and in British psychiatry. Proper training, planning, allocation of resources, and monitoring of performance, all of which are still deficient, might be facilitated by formal definition of a new sub-speciality in psychiatry; at the very least, local and national data should be routinely collected in a way that ensures adequate monitoring.
Striking Against Managed Care
Authors: Paul C. Sorum
Journal: JAMA (1998)

The French health care system combines a strong tradition of autonomous private practice with nearly universal health care coverage through the social security system. The French state's responses to rising health care expenditures have included limitation of the number of medical students, control over physician fees, rules to prohibit certain clinical practices, experiments with generalist physicians coordinating care and access to specialists, and collective physician responsibility for expenditures beyond the health care budget. The failure of physicians' protests, including a strike of French residents and fellows in 1997, may signify the end of traditional private practice in the face of France's statist version of managed care.
Enhanced ceramide generation and induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells exposed to DT388–granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a truncated diphtheria toxin fused to human GM-CSF
Authors: Alex Senchenkov, Tie-Yan Han, Hongtao Wang, Arthur E. Frankel, Timothy J. Kottke, Scott H. Kaufmann, Myles C. Cabot
Journal: Blood (2001)
Screening tests for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A systematic review
Authors: Kelly A. Gebo, Geetanjali Chander, Mollie W. Jenckes, Khalil G. Ghanem, Franklin H. Herlong, Michael S. Torbenson, Samer S. El-Kamary, Eric B. Bass
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

This systematic review addresses the following questions: (1) What is the efficacy of using screening tests for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in improving outcomes in chronic hepatitis C, and (2) what are the sensitivity and specificity of screening tests for HCC in chronic hepatitis C? The search strategy involved searching Medline and other electronic databases between January 1985 and March 2002. Additional articles were identified by reviewing pertinent articles and journals and by querying experts. Articles were eligible for review if they reported original human data from studies of screening tests that used virological, histological, pathologic, or clinical outcome measures. Data collection involved paired reviewers who assessed the quality of each study and abstracted data. One nonrandomized prospective cohort study suggested that HCC was detected earlier and was more often resectable in patients who had twice yearly screening with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and hepatic ultrasound than in patients who had usual care. Twenty-four studies, which included patients with chronic hepatitis C or B or both, addressed the sensitivities and specificities of screening tests. They were relatively consistent in showing that the sensitivity of serum AFP for detecting HCC usually was moderately high at 45% to 100%, with a specificity of 70% to 95%, for a threshold of between 10 and 19 ng/mL. The few studies that evaluated screening with ultrasound reported high specificity, but variable sensitivity. In conclusion, screening of patients with chronic hepatitis C with AFP and ultrasound may improve detection of HCC, but studies are needed to determine whether screening improves clinical outcomes.
Inhibition of basal and mitogen-stimulated pancreatic cancer cell growth by cyclin D1 antisense is associated with loss of tumorigenicity and potentiation of cytotoxicity to cisplatinum.
Authors: M Kornmann, N Arber, M Korc
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Cyclin D1 belongs to a family of protein kinases that have been implicated in cell cycle regulation. Recent studies have demonstrated that elevated cyclin D1 levels correlate with decreased survival in human pancreatic cancer. In this study we expressed in a stable manner a cyclin D1 antisense cDNA construct in PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells. Expression of the antisense construct caused a decrease in cyclin D1 mRNA and protein levels and in cyclin D1-associated kinase activity. Antisense expressing clones displayed significantly increased doubling times, decreased anchorage-dependent and -independent basal growth, and complete loss of tumorigenicity in nude mice. EGF, FGF-2, and IGF-I enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in antisense expressing clones, but failed to stimulate their proliferation. In contrast, all three growth factors were mitogenic in parental cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of cisplatinum on cell proliferation was enhanced markedly in the antisense expressing clones. These findings indicate that cyclin D1 overexpression contributes to abnormal growth and tumorigenicity in human pancreatic cancer and to the resistance of pancreatic cancer to chemotherapeutic agents.
KIR-ligand incompatibility in the graft-versus-host direction improves outcomes after umbilical cord blood transplantation for acute leukemia
Authors: R Willemze, C A Rodrigues, M Labopin, G Sanz, G Michel, G Socié, B Rio, A Sirvent, M Renaud, L Madero, M Mohty, C Ferra, F Garnier, P Loiseau, J Garcia, L Lecchi, G Kögler, Y Beguin, C Navarrete, T Devos, I Ionescu, K Boudjedir, A-L Herr, E Gluckman, V Rocha
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Hypothermic Coma in Myxoedema
Authors: J. H. Angel, L. Sash
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Maclean and Ogilvie (1959) on the pancreases of diabetics dying within eight weeks of the onset of the disease.In such individuals these workers showed that islet tissue might be normal or hyperplastic, in contrast to that obtained from subjects dying many months or years after onset, in whom islet-cell volume was diminished.The results presented in this paper also support the view that in diabetic ketosis there is present a circulating insulin antagonist.Many other workers have presented evidence for the presence of such antagonists in the blood of uncontrolled human diabetics (Vallance-Owen, Hurlock, and Please, 1955; Baird and Bornstein, 1957 ; Vallance-Owen, Dennes, and Campbell, 1958; Field, Tietze, and Stetten, 1957), though the precise identity of such substances is at present uncertain.In this connexion the small degree of inhibition of glucose uptake due to the a.-globulins of this patient is of interest.Similar effects due to the a,-globulins of normal human serum, whether these were prepared by cold ethanol fractionation (Taylor, Vargas, and Randle, 1959) or by column electrophoresis of serum proteins (Randle and Taylor, 1958a), have also been reported.Though it is at present uncertain to what extent this last factor is of importance in human diabetes, evidence is accumulating that it may be pituitary-dependent (Taylor, Randle, and Vargas, 1960).If this is so, then growth hormone may well be implicated in some way in the genesis of human diabetes in giving rise to such a substance which opposes the action of insulin, as Young (1951) has suggested.Similar considerations would also apply to the albumin antagonist of Vallance-Owen, Dennes, and Campbell (1958), which it has also been shown is pituitary-dependent.A further point of some practical significance emerges in that if insulin is still being secreted in the early stages of acute diabetes, what active steps should be taken to conserve actively functioning islet tissue before irreversible damage takes place.To answer this question satisfactorily there is clearly an urgent need for extensive studies on this type of patient.Summary A case of severe diabetes in a young adult is described, presenting with ketosis, in whom apparent clinical remission took place.Serum insulin studies have suggested that in the initial ketotic phase insulin was present, though its effect was masked by the presence of an antagonist.With remission of the diabetes the insulin antagonism disappeared.The possible bearing of these findings on some aspects of the aetiology of human diabetes is discussed briefly.
Chronic Exposure to Ambient Levels of Urban Particles Affects Mouse Lung Development
Authors: Thais Mauad, Dolores Helena Rodriguez Ferreira Rivero, Regiani Carvalho de Oliveira, Ana Julia de Faria Coimbra Lichtenfels, Eliane Tigre Guimarães, Paulo Afonso de Andre, David Itiro Kasahara, Heloisa Maria de Siqueira Bueno, Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Chronic exposure to air pollution has been associated with adverse effects on children's lung growth.We analyzed the effects of chronic exposure to urban levels of particulate matter (PM) on selected phases of mouse lung development.The exposure occurred in two open-top chambers (filtered and nonfiltered) placed 20 m from a street with heavy traffic in São Paulo, 24 hours/day for 8 months. There was a significant reduction of the levels of PM(2.5) inside the filtered chamber (filtered = 2.9 +/- 3.0 microg/m(3), nonfiltered = 16.8 +/- 8.3 microg/m(3); P = 0.001). At this exposure site, vehicular sources are the major components of PM(2.5) (PM <or= 2.5 microm). Exposure of the parental generation in the two chambers occurred from the 10th to the 120th days of life. After mating and birth of offspring, a crossover of mothers and pups occurred within the chambers, resulting in four groups of pups: nonexposed, prenatal, postnatal, and pre+postnatal. Offspring were killed at the age of 15 (n = 42) and 90 (n = 35) days; lungs were analyzed by morphometry for surface to volume ratio (as an estimator of alveolization). Pressure-volume curves were performed in the older groups, using a 20-ml plethysmograph.Mice exposed to PM(2.5) pre+postnatally presented a smaller surface to volume ratio when compared with nonexposed animals (P = 0.036). The pre+postnatal group presented reduced inspiratory and expiratory volumes at higher levels of transpulmonary pressure (P = 0.001). There were no differences among prenatal and postnatal exposure and nonexposed animals.Our data provide anatomical and functional support to the concept that chronic exposure to urban PM affects lung growth.
STIGMATA OF DEGENERACY IN THE ARISTOCRACY AND REGICIDES.Read in the Section on Neurology and Medical Jurisprudence, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco. June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: EUGENE S. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1894)

(<i>Concluded from page 716</i>). <i>Figure 20</i>.—Charles Edward Nobiling. Born at Kolino (Posen), April 10, 1848. Died in the hospital at Berlin, Sept. 10, 1878. Typical (political mystic). Assault on Emperor William June 2, 1873. Son of a suicide—attempted suicide after his act. Anarchist. Well developed head and forehead. Small, sunken eyes. Long, slender ears. Arrest of bones of face and of jaw. Well developed nose. <i>Figure 21.</i>—Nicholas Alphonse Aubertin. Inventor. Born July 26, 1835, at Bombas, (Moselle). Sent to the Bicêtre 1888. Attempted to assassinate Jules Ferry, December, 1887. Persecutory, reasoning paranoiac, without hallucinations, complained of various persons who mixed up in his affairs, to whom he gave his hatred and insults. "But gradually, by a psychologic process, not at all surprising in exalted cases like this, he came to consider himself as personifying France, and making his political enemies those of the state, and conceiving the idea of punishing
Increase in incidence of invasive cervical cancer
Authors: S Ciatto, S Cecchini, M Zappa, A Biggeri
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Commenting on the paper by J Elizabeth Macgregor and colleagues,1 S M Crawford suggests that changes in the incidence of invasive cervical cancer may be ascribed not only to a screening effect but also to cohort specific changes in incidence, possibly related to different sexual behaviour.2 A cohort effect may explain the recently reported rise in the incidence of invasive carcinoma. Macgregor and colleagues also report a rise in preinvasive disease, although …
Abstract B9: Arm1: A glutamate methyltransferase capable of methyl esterifying PCNA
Authors: Derek J. Hoelz, Alexandra Albert, Lacey Dobrolecki, Randy Arnold, Milos Novotny, Lauren Schnaper, Robert Hickey, Linda Malkas
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Recently we reported on a novel post-translational modification (PTM) present on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). This PTM (methyl esterification) was found acidic residues, primarily glutamic acids. Interestingly, methyl esterification of glutamic acids in proteins has only been observed in bacteria where a specialized glutamate carboxyl O-methyltransferase, CheR, has been shown to methyl esterify specific glutamic acid residues of receptors during chemotaxis signaling. In eukaryotic cells, however, only three carboxyl O-methyltransferases are known to exist and none of them have specificity for glutamic acid residues. Here we describe the isolation and identification of a protein encoded by an unknown open reading frame and expressed in human cells that may represent the first eukaryotic glutamate carboxyl O-methyltransferase, which can modify PCNA. Sequence alignment of this protein with other protein carboxyl O-methyltransferases has demonstrated the existence of multiple consensus and conserved regions, and secondary structural predictions confirm a potential to form a SAM-dependent methyltransferase fold in its C-terminus. We therefore named this protein acidic residue methyltransferase 1 (Arm1). The biological significance of this discovery and its potential role(s) in DNA replication and repair will be discussed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B9.
Exposure to halogenated hydrocarbons in the indoor environment.
Authors: K Bridbord, P E Brubaker, B Gay, J G French
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The indoor environment has frequently been ignored as a significant source of exposure to air pollutants. To date there are a number of documented examples of levels of indoor air pollutants greatly exceeding those levels which commonly occur in the outdoor environment. Among these instances are airborne buildup of polynuclear aromatics and cadmium from cigarette smoke, lead from burning candles, and vinyl chloride from use of aerosols containing this substance as a propellant. These examples suggest that there may be additional sources of indoor air pollutants, particularly halogenated hydrocarbons from aerosol products, which have heretofore not been generally recognized as important. The present paper endeavors to review those instances where halogenated hydrocarbons in the indoor air environment may build up to concentrations of potential public health concern. These considerations may be especially relevant in future years as increasing efforts are being made to insulate buildings more efficiently as a means to conserve energy. The available data strongly suggest that halogenated hydrocarbons are an important class of air pollutants in the indoor environment and that their presence in the outdoor environment should also be carefully examined. In this regard, halogenated hydrocarbons in the outdoor environment may also contaminate indoor air spaces.
Effects of crocidolite and chrysotile asbestos on cellular uptake and metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in hamster tracheal epithelial cells.
Authors: B T Mossman, A Eastman, J M Landesman, E Bresnick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma is increased substantially in asbestos workers who smoke. We used several approaches to determine possible mechanisms of synergism at the cellular level between asbestos and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a chemical carcinogen in cigarette smoke. Specifically, we hypothesized that cellular uptake and metabolism of BaP might be facilitated when the hydrocarbon was coated on asbestos. In addition, we were interested in whether asbestos, alone or in combination with BaP, caused single strand breakage of DNA in epithelial cells of the airway. UICC reference samples of crocidolite and chrysotile were coated with 3H-BaP before their addition to monolayers of hamster tracheal epithelial cells. In comparative studies, 3H-BaP at identical amounts was added to cells in culture medium. At intervals thereafter, uptake of BaP by cells was documented by scintillation spectrometry and by autoradiography. In addition, cells and media were assayed by use of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to demonstrate the water-soluble metabolites of BaP. The integrity of DNA was monitored by alkaline elution at intervals after exposure of tracheal cells to various concentrations of asbestos, BaP and BaP-coated asbestos. A rapid transfer of BaP to cells occurred after addition of BaP-coated asbestos to cultures. When BaP was adsorbed to both types of fibers before their addition to cultures, 70% of the total BaP introduced entered the cell within 1 hr; 50% remained intracellular after 8 hr. In contrast, if identical amounts of BaP were added directly to medium, an initial influx of 20% was observed and cells retained only 5% of the initial amount at 8 hr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human insulin B24 (Phe----Ser). Secretion and metabolic clearance of the abnormal insulin in man and in a dog model.
Authors: S E Shoelson, K S Polonsky, A Zeidler, A H Rubenstein, H S Tager
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

We have already demonstrated that a hyperinsulinemic, diabetic subject secreted an abnormal insulin in which serine replaced phenylalanine B24 (Shoelson S., M. Fickova, M. Haneda, A. Nahum, G. Musso, E. T. Kaiser, A. H. Rubenstein, and H. Tager. 1983. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 80:7390-7394). High performance liquid chromatography analysis now shows that the circulating insulin in several other family members also consists of a mixture of the abnormal human insulin B24 (Phe----Ser) and normal human insulin in a ratio of approximately 9.5:1 during fasting. Although all affected subjects show fasting hyperinsulinemia, only the propositus and her father are overtly diabetic. Analysis of the serum insulin from two nondiabetic siblings revealed that normal insulin increased from approximately 2 to 15% of total serum insulin after the ingestion of glucose and that the proportion of the normal hormone plateaued or fell while the level of total insulin continued to rise. Animal studies involving the graded intraportal infusion of equimolar amounts of semisynthetic human [SerB24]-insulin and normal human insulin in pancreatectomized dogs (to simulate the secretion of insulin due to oral glucose in man) also showed both a rise in the fraction of normal insulin that reached the periphery and the attainment of a brief steady state in this fraction while total insulin levels continued to rise. Separate experiments documented a decreased hepatic extraction, a decreased metabolic clearance rate, and an increased plasma half-life of human [SerB24]-insulin within the same parameters as those determined for normal human insulin. These results form a basis for considering (a) the differential clearance of low activity abnormal insulins and normal insulin from the circulation in vivo, and (b) the causes of hyperinsulinemia in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals who secrete abnormal human insulins.
Control of Diarrhea in Secondary Hypogammaglobulinemia by Fresh Plasma Infusions
Authors: Henry J. Binder, Ralph D. Reynolds
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

DIARRHEA frequently occurs in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia,1 2 3 4 but the relation between gamma-globulin deficiency and the ecology and function of the intestine is complex and unresolved. The occurrence of diarrhea with IgA globulin deficiency5 , 6 and the predominance of IgA globulin containing plasma cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine7 8 9 suggest that IgA globulin may have a significant role in maintaining the normal flora of the small intestine. This case report describes a patient with chronic lymphatic leukemia, whose diarrhea followed the development of hypogammaglobulinemia. The diarrhea was not controlled by commercial gamma globulin (which does not contain IgA or . . .
A 56-Year-Old Woman With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 1 Year Later
Authors: Thomas L. Delbanco
Journal: JAMA (1998)

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