tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Delayed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the prediction of regional functional improvement after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Aernout M. Beek, Harald P. Kühl, Olga Bondarenko, Jos W.R. Twisk, Mark B.M. Hofman, Willem G. van Dockum, Cees A. Visser, Albert C. van Rossum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Transition From Left Ventricular Hypertrophy to Massive Fibrosis in the Cardiac Variant of Fabry Disease
Authors: Hiroshi Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Takano, Satoshi Shindo, Shinichi Takeda, Nobusada Funabashi, Keiichi Nakagawa, Tetsuya Toyozaki, Yoichi Kuwabara, Issei Komuro
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Report finds persisting poverty and social exclusion
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The government's introduction of policies to tackle poverty and social exclusion has had little impact, and the trend towards worsening income and health inequalities is continuing, according to a new report published by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

The report was written by researchers from the New Policy Institute, an independent think tank that monitors social exclusion and welfare state provision, and examines trends in 50 indicators up to 1998.

The number of people in Great Britain on very low incomes, …
Neurologic Aspects of Vertigo
Authors: Derek E. Denny-Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

VERTIGO is a sensation, a symptom without any essential objective sign, and is therefore subject to all the limitations imposed by the descriptive powers and capacity for observation possessed by the patient. It is a subjective sensation of disequilibration and, whatever its origin, may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and circulatory collapse when the vertigo is severe. It is obviously important to separate the symptom from the sense of uncertainty, often described as dizziness ("false vertigo") complained of by psychoneurotic patients, particularly in panic states, but this is in practice not difficult. The distinguishing characteristic of true vertigo is that . . .
Drug Dependence among Physicians
Authors: Dana L. Farnsworth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE article by Vaillant, Brighton and McArthur elsewhere in this issue corroborates numerous other studies indicating that physicians are prone to drug addiction, in part at least because of easy access to drugs. It raises several questions of vital importance to the medical profession.First of all, there is the problem of how a physician who becomes dependent upon drugs can get competent help on a completely confidential basis, and without becoming involved with law-enforcement procedures (unless there is criminal activity). The physician who becomes addicted can withdraw from practice and seek help at a distant hospital, but this is . . .
Cimetidine Administration Resulting in Improved Pertechnetate Imaging of Meckel??s Diverticulum
Authors: ROBERT J. PETROKUBI, SHELDON BAUM, G VICTOR ROHRER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Administration of cimetidine prior to pertechnetate imaging in two patients with Meckel's diverticulum resulted in demonstrating the abnormality with unusual clarity. This is presumed due to the cimetidine-mediated retention of pertechnetate in the gastric mucosa. Pertechnetate imaging in two normal subjects with and without cimetidine administration disclosed a marked difference in retention of the radionuclide in the gastric mucosa and its subsequent transit into the intestinal tract. Pertechnetate imaging in conjunction with cimetidine administration appears to result in markedly improved identification of Meckel's diverticulum.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Robert J. Sokol, Virginia Delaney-Black, Beth Nordstrom
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS, WITH REPORT OF CASES.
Authors: J. F. SHELLEY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The disease has been demonstrated bacteriologically to appear in epidemic and sporadic form. In sporadic cases it is difficult and frequently impossible, if severe and rapidly fatal, to differentiate this form of meningitis from that secondary to other infectious diseases, except by lumbar puncture, and therefore it is as yet impossible to say how extensively the disease exists in sporadic form. In 1880 Eberth supposed he had found in the micrococcus lanceolatus the essential cause of the disease, and since then until about 1895 it was generally accepted as the specific cause, the demonstration of a distinct micro-organism in 1887 by Weichselbaum, which he called the "diplococcus intracellularis meningitidis" notwithstanding. It seems that the organism found by Weichselbaum was supposed to be the lanceolatus (Flexner and Barker,<i>Am. J. Med. Sciences</i>, Vol. 107, p. 159), and it was not until Jaeger, Heubner and Finkelstein about nine years later took up
Acute renal failure in tropical Africa.
Authors: D Adu, Y Anim-Addo, A K Foli, E D Yeboah, J K Quartey, B F Ribeiro
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Between 1972 and 1975, 55 adult patients with acute renal failure were admitted to the renal unit of Korle Bu Hospital. Fourteen patients died, giving an overall death rate of 25%. Massive intravascular haemolysis after a short febrile illness was the commonest cause of acute renal failure. Clinically these patients presented with blackwater fever but in only one could Plasmodium falciparum malaria be confidently diagnosed. In half the patients various bacterial and viral infections (especially typhoid) could be incriminated as causing this blackwater fever syndrome. The incidence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency was 22.5%, but we could not confirm the impression of a greater predisposition to acute renal failure in patients with this enzyme defect.
The Impact of Diabetic Status on Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patency
Authors: Steve K. Singh, Nimesh D. Desai, Stephanie D. Petroff, Saswata Deb, Eric A. Cohen, Sam Radhakrishnan, Leonard Schwartz, James Dubbin, Stephen E. Fremes
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Despite worse outcomes in diabetics after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, studies have not examined graft patency in this high-risk group. This study examined the impact of diabetes on graft patency, 1-year postcoronary artery bypass grafting, using data from a multicenter randomized trial.The Radial Artery Patency Study enrolled 561 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, comparing graft patency of the saphenous vein (SV) versus radial artery 1-year postcoronary artery bypass grafting. Angiographic follow-up was acquired for 440 patients (115 diabetics, 325 nondiabetics), each with a study radial artery and a control SV graft. Preoperative characteristics were similar. The proportion of small-sized target vessels was greater in diabetics (P=0.04). At 1 year, 33 of 230 study grafts (14.4%) were occluded in the diabetics versus 63 of 650 (9.7%) in the nondiabetics (P=0.052). Multivariable regression found diabetes to be a significant independent predictor of 1-year graft occlusion (relative risk, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.05; P=0.03) along with female gender, SV conduit, and small target-vessel size. A significantly higher proportion of SV grafts were occluded in the diabetics (19% versus 12%, P=0.04). Radial artery grafting was protective in the diabetic cohort (radial artery: 11 of 115 occluded [9.5%] versus SV: 22 of 115 occluded [19.1%], McNemar corrected P=0.05; relative risk, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.16 to 1.01) and nondiabetics (radial artery: 25 of 325 occluded [7.7%] versus SV: 38 of 325 occluded [11.7%], McNemar corrected P=0.11; relative risk, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.10).Coronary artery bypass grafting occlusions were more common among diabetics versus nondiabetics at 1-year angiography, mainly because of more frequent SV graft failure in diabetics. Radial artery, compared with SV grafting, is protective in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
Fistulising Crohn's disease: MMPs gone awry
Authors: D Schuppan
Journal: Gut (2004)

Broadening our understanding of the role of matrix metalloproteinases in Crohn’s disease

Fistulae are a common complication of Crohn’s disease (CD), and their most common perianal manifestation is present in 14–38% of CD patients in referral populations.1 Despite advances in conservative treatment, fistulae rarely heal, while surgical resection is effective but frequently does not prevent local recurrence or fistulising disease at other sites.1 Remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key event in chronic bowel inflammation,2,3 especially in CD which is characterised by both active fibrogenesis (that is, ECM production and deposition), leading, for example, to stricture formation, and by enhanced fibrolyis (that is, breakdown and removal of ECM), such as occurs in fistula formation. While fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and to a minor degree endothelial and epithelial cells, produce the intestinal ECM, many more cell types are involved in ECM breakdown by releasing a broad spectrum of enzymes that can degrade essentially every ECM component, such as the various collagens, non-collagenous (glyco-) proteins, glycosaminoglycans, and proteoglycans. The most important of these enzymes are the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a structurally related class of at least 20 zinc dependent proteases.4,5 MMPs are classified according to their primary specificities and structural features into interstitial collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13, MMP-18), gelatinases (degrading denatured and basement membrane collagens: MMP-2, MMP-9), stromelysins (degrading a broad spectrum of ECM substrates: MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-10, MMP-11), elastases (MMP-12), and membrane-type (transmembrane) MMPs (with broad substrate specificities: MMP-14, MMP-15, MMP-16, MMP-17, MMP-24, MMP-25).

As uncontrolled MMP activity would virtually lead to dissolution of organs, MMP activity is strictly controlled, not only at the transcriptional and translational levels, but also by the requirement of proteolytic activation of the zymogens and by several protease inhibitors. Proteolytic activation occurs by the plasminogen activator-plasmin cascade and …
Disability as a Public Health Outcome in the Aging Population
Authors: Jack M. Guralnik, Linda P. Fried, Marcel E. Salive
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1996)

Improvements in life expectancy in the twentieth century have resulted from major declines in mortality at younger ages, but it is less well recognized that mortality declines at older ages have also played a substantial role in prolonging expectation of life. A person reaching age 65 in 1900 could expect to live an additional 11.9 years. Life expectancy at age 65 rose to 14.4 years by 1960 and then increased by about three years in the next three decades, reaching 17.5 years in 1992 (56, 70). As a greater proportion of the population survives to very old ages, the public health impact of the burden of disease and disability and related utilization of medical care and need for supportive and long-term care has become an important concern. In particular, the ability of the older person to function independently in the community is a critically important public health issue. A growing body of research in the last decade has addressed the measurement of disability, factors related to its onset, consequences of disability, and the potential for preventive interventions. This article summarizes the state of the art in these areas and discusses their public health relevance.
Tuberculous ulcer of the skin.
Authors: H Sahebjami, D Massaro
Journal: BMJ (1972)

an augmented risk, because the most effective therapy cannot be used.Although the importation of chloramphenicol-resistant S. typhi is undesirable it need not arouse alarm in Britain, because opportunities for the spread of typhoid in this country are negligible.Nevertheless, if epidemics caused by chloramphe- nicol-resistant S. typhi occur on a sufficiently large scale in countries of high typhoid incidence, such organisms may spread to other countries often enough to present an irksome problem, and the possibility of residual carriers of these imported strains cannot be discounted.The British cases of typhoid infected in Mexico, and the epidemic which caused them, are a warning of this, and are a reminder that if antibiotics such as chloramphenicol are to retain their efficacy for important diseases, their use should be largely if not entirely restricted to those diseases throughout the world.
Quality of Non–Breast Cancer Health Maintenance Among Elderly Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Craig C. Earle, Harold J. Burstein, Eric P. Winer, Jane C. Weeks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To assess the quality of preventive health care, the role of health care participation, and the patient and provider characteristics associated with high-quality care for breast cancer survivors. Methods: We analyzed the 1997 to 1998 Medicare data of elderly women who were diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer in 1991 or 1992 while living in a Survival, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) tumor registry area and who survived to the end of 1998 without evidence of cancer recurrence. Controls were matched for age, race, and geographic location. Results: The 5,965 breast cancer survivors received more preventive services (influenza vaccination, lipid testing, cervical and colon screening, and bone densitometry) than matched controls. Among both groups, those who were younger, non–African-American, of higher socioeconomic status, living in urban areas, and receiving care in a teaching center were most likely to receive high-quality health maintenance. Those survivors who continued to see oncology specialists were more likely to receive appropriate follow-up mammography for their cancer, but those who were monitored by primary care physicians were more likely to receive all other non–cancer-related preventive services. Those who saw both types of practitioners received more of both types of services. When the control group was restricted only to women actively undergoing mammographic screening before the study period, receipt of preventive services was similar. Conclusion: Breast cancer survivors receive high-quality preventive services, but disparities on the basis of nonmedical factors still exist. Cancer follow-up may provide regular contact with the health system, maximizing the likelihood of receiving appropriate general medical care.
Ivor Saul Levy
Authors: Kamal Bishai
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Neurologist who discovered and gave his name to a hereditary form of amyloidosis While working at the Santo António General Hospital in Porto (which had hired him as an unpaid neurologist to head the hospital's first department of neurology) Corino de Andrade noticed patients presenting with features that were characteristic of a peripheral neuropathy but did not fit any established clinical entity.During the next decade he came across dozens of similar cases and did extensive research on the epidemiology and pattern of transmission of this as yet unidentified disease.In 1942 the autopsy of one of his patients revealed the presence of an amyloid substance in several body tissues.This led him to describe a new hereditary amyloid polyneuropathy-particularly prevalent not only in the fishing areas of northern Portugal, but also in coastal regions of other countries, including Japan and Sweden.This familial amyloid polyneuropathy type I (Portuguese) also became known as Corino de Andrade's disease.Andrade's efforts were widely acknowledged by the international scientific community and attracted leading neurology gurus to Portugal.At a reception in Lisbon, Corino de Andrade met the editor of the British journal Brain, who expressed extreme interest in his research, prompting him to start writing his landmark 1952 paper.Politically, Corino de Andrade was a bothersome opponent of the repressive fascist regime that ruled Portugal at the time.He belonged to the Movement of Democratic Unity, and advocated the free discussion of ideas and projects that could lead to a fair and developed society.Having tapped his phone, the political police arrested him in 1951, just when he had finished writing his paper.He was jailed on charges of "subversive activities" and secret links with the Communist Party.He remained in prison for several months, which slowed the publication of his paper.Nevertheless, he managed to review the paper while behind bars, and some of his colleagues submitted two short versions of the article to other international publications.He was released after a few months, possibly thanks to the diligence of an influential colleague and of his English second wife, Gwendoline, a teacher at the British Institute in Porto.The paper remains today the most
Increased Risk of Litigation Associated With Laser Surgery by Nonphysician Operators
Authors: H. Ray Jalian, Chris A. Jalian, Mathew M. Avram
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Controversy exists regarding the role of nonphysicians performing laser surgery and the increased risk of injury associated with this practice.To identify the incidence of medical professional liability claims stemming from cutaneous laser surgery performed by nonphysician operators (NPOs).Search of an online national database of public legal documents involving laser surgery by NPOs.Laser surgery by nonphysicians.Frequency and nature of cases, including year of litigation, certification of provider and operator, type of procedure performed, clinical setting of injury, and cause of legal action.From January 1999, to December 2012, we identified 175 cases related to injury secondary to cutaneous laser surgery. Of these, 75 (42.9%) were cases involving an NPO. From 2008 to 2011, the percentage of cases with NPOs increased from 36.3% to 77.8%. Laser hair removal was the most commonly performed procedure. Despite the fact that approximately only one-third of laser hair removal procedures are performed by NPOs, 75.5% of hair removal lawsuits from 2004 to 2012 were performed by NPOs. From 2008 to 2012, this number increased to 85.7%. Most cases (64.0%) by NPOs were performed outside of a traditional medical setting.Claims related to cutaneous laser surgery by NPOs, particularly outside of a traditional medical setting, are increasing. Physicians and other laser operators should be aware of their state laws, especially in regard to physician supervision of NPOs.
Assessment of ventricular contractile state and function in patients with univentricular heart.
Authors: T Sano, M Ogawa, K Taniguchi, H Matsuda, T Nakajima, J Arisawa, Y Shimazaki, S Nakano, Y Kawashima
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To elucidate the ventricular contractile state and function in patients with univentricular heart, the ventricular volume, mass, ejection phase index, and wall stress were evaluated with biplane ventriculography and pressure measurement in 41 patients: 18 with left ventricular (LV) type (age, 6.4 +/- 6.1 years) and 23 with right ventricular (RV) type (age, 5.7 +/- 4.1 years), and data from patients with univentricular heart were compared with data from 19 normal control subjects (age, 7.2 +/- 4.3 years). Although the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were significantly greater in both types of univentricular heart than in the normal control group, the volumes for the LV and RV type patients did not differ from each other. The ejection fraction (EF) was depressed in both patient types of univentricular heart and was significantly (p less than 0.005) lower in the RV type than in the LV type patients (0.56 +/- 0.05 for LV type, 0.50 +/- 0.07 for RV type, and 0.64 +/- 0.03 for the control group). The ventricular mass was larger in both patient types of univentricular heart than in that of the control group, whereas the ratio of ventricular mass to end-diastolic volume was significantly (p less than 0.001) lower in the RV type patients than in the LV type patients and the control group (0.79 +/- 0.18 g/ml for LV type, 0.51 +/- 0.10 for RV type, and 0.82 +/- 0.13 for control group). End-systolic stress was significantly elevated in both types of univentricular heart (241 +/- 45 for LV type, 328 +/- 52 for RV type, and 205 +/- 26 kdynes/cm2 for the control group) and significantly (p less than 0.001) greater in the RV type than in the LV type patients. There was a significant inverse correlation (p less than 0.001) between end-systolic stress and the ratio of mass to end-diastolic volume in all the patients. In 27 patients (12 patients for LV type, 15 for RV type) the mean normalized systolic ejection rate corrected for heart rate (MNSERc) clearly fell below the 95% confidence limit of the normal end-systolic stress-MNSERc relation. The end-systolic stress:end-systolic volume ratio was also significantly depressed in both patient types of univentricular heart (3.49 +/- 1.77 for LV type, 4.07 +/- 2.13 for RV type, and 7.20 +/- 1.32 for the control group). In these variables, however, there were no significant differences between LV and RV type patients of univentricular heart.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)