tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autologous versus allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case-controlled analysis of the European Bone Marrow Transplant Group Registry data.
Authors: R Chopra, A H Goldstone, R Pearce, T Philip, F Petersen, F Appelbaum, E De Vol, P Ernst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE A case-controlled study of patients who reported to the European Bone Marrow Transplant Group (EBMTG) was performed to investigate the relative roles and efficacy of allogeneic (alloBMT) and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Of 1,060 patients who reported to the lymphoma registry, 938 patients underwent ABMT and 122 patients underwent alloBMT. A case-controlled study was performed by matching 101 alloBMT patients with 101 ABMT patients. The case matching was performed after the selection of the main prognostic factors for progression-free survival by a multivariate analysis. RESULTS The progression-free survival was similar in both types of transplants (49% alloBMT v 46% ABMT). The overall relapse and progression rate for the alloBMT patients was 23% compared with 38% in the ABMT patients. This difference was not significant statistically. In the lymphoblastic lymphoma subgroup, alloBMT was associated with a lower relapse rate than ABMT (24% alloBMT v 48% ABMT; P = .035). The progression-free survival, however, was not significantly different because patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma who underwent alloBMT had a higher procedure-related mortality (24% alloBMT v 10% ABMT; P = .06). A significantly lower relapse/progression rate was also observed in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) compared with those patients without (0% cGVHD v 35% no cGVHD; P = .02). Fourteen of 18 patients who had cGVHD also had lymphoblastic lymphoma. CONCLUSION This study suggests that ABMT and alloBMT for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are comparable, with the exception of lymphoblastic lymphoma in which a graft-versus-lymphoma effect may account for the lower relapse rate for patients who underwent alloBMT.
Abstract P045: Association of Renal Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity to the Cold Pressor Test: the GenSalt Study
Authors: Qi Zhao, Mingzhi Zhang, Dongfeng Gu, Jie Cao, Jichun Chen, Jianxin Li, Katherine Mills, Jing Chen, Jiang He
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Exaggerated blood pressure (BP) reactivity to the cold pressor test (CPT) has been associated with increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. We examined the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and BP reactivity to the CPT among the participants of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt) study. We conducted the CPT among 1,961 GenSalt participants from north rural China. The average age of the participants (SD) was 39.9 (10.2) years, and 52.8% of the participants were male. BP was measured using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer prior to and at 0, 1, 2, and 4 minutes after the participants immersed their right hand in ice water for 1 minute. The maximum responses (SD) were 13.9 (10.2) and 7.8 (6.2) mm Hg for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. Serum creatinine was measured and used to calculate eGFR using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. The average eGFR (SD) was 87.7 (25.8)ml/min per 1.73m 2 . After adjusting for multiple covariates, including age, sex, body mass index, baseline BP, education, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity, eGFR was significantly associated with maximum systolic BP response to the CPT (P &lt; 0.0001). A standard deviation decrease in eGFR was associated with a 1.2 mm Hg higher maximum systolic BP response to the CPT. In addition, we observed that the effect of eGFR on BP response to the CPT increased with age ( P for interaction &lt; 0.0001). For example, a standard deviation decrease in eGFR was associated with a 0.6, 1.1, and 2.5 mm Hg greater maximum systolic BP response to the CPT for age groups &lt; 35, 35-44, and ≥ 45 years, respectively. In conclusion, this large study suggests a relationship between decreased renal function and greater cardiovascular reactivity to stress. Further investigation is warranted to identify factors that mediate this relationship and potential adverse clinical consequences of cardiovascular hyperreactivity in subjects with reduced renal function.
Risk of Postpartum Relapse in Bipolar Disorder and Postpartum Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Richard Wesseloo, Astrid M Kamperman, Trine Munk-Olsen, Victor J M Pop, Steven A Kushner, Veerle Bergink
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

Objective: Women with a history of bipolar disorder, postpartum psychosis, or both are at high risk for postpartum relapse. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the risk of postpartum relapse in these three patient groups. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted in all public medical electronic databases, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they reported postpartum relapse in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and/or a history of postpartum psychosis or mania according to DSM or ICD criteria or the Research Diagnostic Criteria. Results: Thirty-seven articles describing 5,700 deliveries in 4,023 patients were included in the quantitative analyses. The overall postpartum relapse risk was 35% (95% CI=29, 41). Patients with bipolar disorder were significantly less likely to experience severe episodes postpartum (17%, 95% CI=13, 21) than patients with a history of postpartum psychosis (29%, 95% CI=20, 41). Insufficient information was available to determine relapse rates for patients with bipolar disorder and a history of postpartum episodes. In women with bipolar disorder, postpartum relapse rates were significantly higher among those who were medication free during pregnancy (66%, 95% CI=57, 75) than those who used prophylactic medication (23%, 95% CI=14, 37). Conclusions: One-third of women at high risk experience a postpartum relapse. In women with bipolar disorder, continuation of prophylactic medication during pregnancy appears highly protective for maintaining mood stability postpartum. In women with a history of isolated postpartum psychosis, initiation of prophylaxis immediately after delivery offers the opportunity to minimize the risk of relapse while avoiding in utero medication exposure.
Identification of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Circulating Blood from Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Zheng Ao, Sanket H. Shah, Leah M. Machlin, Ritesh Parajuli, Philip C. Miller, Siddarth Rawal, Anthony J. Williams, Richard J. Cote, Marc E. Lippman, Ram H. Datar, Dorraya El-Ashry
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Metastasis is facilitated by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) in the tumor microenvironment through mechanisms yet to be elucidated. In this study, we used a size-based microfilter technology developed by our group to examine whether circulating CAF identified by FAP and α-SMA co-expression (cCAF) could be distinguished in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic breast cancer. In a pilot study of patients with breast cancer, we detected the presence of cCAFs in 30/34 (88%) patients with metastatic disease (MET group) and in 3/13 (23%) patients with localized breast cancer (LOC group) with long-term disease-free survival. No cCAFs as defined were detected in healthy donors. Further, both cCAF and circulating tumor cells (CTC) were significantly greater in the MET group compared with the LOC group. Thus, the presence of cCAF was associated with clinical metastasis, suggesting that cCAF may complement CTC as a clinically relevant biomarker in metastatic breast cancer.
Pulmonary scar carcinomas: A two-year retrospective observational study
Authors: Coenraad Koegelenberg, Nick Jenkins, Kushroo Aubeelack, Aldoph Nanguzgambo, Elvis Irusen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: The association between scarring of the lung and carcinoma remains controversial. The Western Cape of South Africa has the highest recorded incidence of Pulmonary TB and is also carries a high burden of smoking related diseases. The aim of this two-year retrospective study was to assess the frequency of pulmonary scarring in patients with primary lung cancer.  Methods: All patients with a tissue diagnosis of lung cancer and a staging CT were included. Pulmonary scarring was assessed and categorised according to location as present in (1) the same lobe as the primary tumour, (2) a different lobe, same lung, (3) some part of the contralateral lung or (4) diffuse. Post obstructive changes secondary to the lung cancer were not considered as scarring.  Results: We identified 435 patents (60.1+/-10.4 years, 266 males), including 375 with non-small cell and 60 with small cell lung cancer. 95 patients (21.8%) had CT evidence of pulmonary scarring. 83 patients had scarring of the same lobe as the primary tumour, 38 in the same lung (different lobe) and 21 in the opposite lung. In comparison to the location of the primary tumour, only single cases had scarring isolated to a different lobe of the same lung (p  Conclusions: At least 1 in 5 patients who presented with lung cancer had radiological evidence of associated scarring. Scarring was significantly more likely to be present in the same lobe as the tumour than in a different lobe, suggesting an association between scarring and lung cancer.
T<scp>HE</scp> R<scp>OLE OF</scp> A<scp>POLIPOPROTEIN</scp> A-IV <scp>IN THE</scp> R<scp>EGULATION OF</scp> F<scp>OOD</scp> I<scp>NTAKE</scp>
Authors: Patrick Tso, Min Liu, Theodore John Kalogeris, Alan BR Thomson
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2001)

▪ Abstract Apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) is a glycoprotein synthesized by the human intestine. In rodents, both the small intestine and liver secrete apo A-IV, but the small intestine is the major organ responsible for the circulating apo A-IV. Intestinal apo A-IV synthesis is markedly stimulated by fat absorption and appears not to be mediated by the uptake or reesterification of fatty acids to form triglycerides. Rather, the formation of chylomicrons acts as a signal for the induction of intestinal apo A-IV synthesis. Intestinal apo A-IV synthesis is also enhanced by a factor from the ileum, probably peptide tyrosine-tyrosine. The inhibition of food intake by apo A-IV is mediated centrally. The stimulation of intestinal synthesis and the secretion of apo A-IV by lipid absorption are rapid; thus, apo A-IV likely plays a role in the short-term regulation of food intake. Other evidence suggests that apo A-IV may also be involved in the long-term regulation of food intake and body weight. Chronic ingestion of a high-fat diet blunts the intestinal apo A-IV response to lipid feeding and may explain why the chronic ingestion of a high-fat diet predisposes both animals and humans to obesity.
Carcinogenicity of Methylated Derivatives of &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Nitrosodiethylamine and Related Compounds in Sprague-Dawley Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W Lijinsky, H W Taylor
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Five nitrosamines, which can be considered alkyl derivatives of N-nitrosodiethylamine, were tested for carcinogenicity by administration to Sprague-Dawley rats in drinking water at approximately equimolar concentrations. N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine was a potent carcinogen but less so than N-nitrosodiethylamine and gave the same spectrum of tumors. N-Nitrosodiisopropylamine was very much weaker than N-nitrosodiethylamine and induced only tumors of the nasal turbinates in significant incidence. At the doses given, neither N-nitrosodiisobutylamine nor N-nitrosodi-sec-butylamine was significantly carcinogenic. In contrast, the cyclic nitrosamine N-nitrosohexamethyleneimine was equally potent with N-nitrosodiethylamine and gave the same spectrum of tumors in liver, esophagus, and nasal turbinates. The results support the concept that oxidation at the alpha carbon atom of nitrosamines is a significant step in carcinogenesis.
The effect of a single high dose vitamin D3 on neutrophilic airway inflammation in nonatopic asthma
Authors: J.C. de Groot, E.N. van Roon, H. Storm, E.H. Bel, A. ten Brinke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Rationale:  Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with asthma and increased risk of respiratory tract infections. An infectious origin in its turn, has been proposed for nonatopic asthma (Joseph Ann All Asthma Immun 2003) as well as neutrophilic asthma (Simpson Thorax 2007). Vitamin D enhances anti-microbial defence and might thereby influence the inflammatory process in the airways. Therefore, we hypothesized that treatment with high dose vitamin D3 reduces neutrophilic airway inflammation in patients with nonatopic, neutrophilic asthma   Methods:  28 nonatopic, neutrophilic (≥53% sputum neutrophils (Spanevello, AJRCCM 2000)) stable asthma patients were included in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. Patients received 400000 IU vitamin D3 or placebo orally in one dose. All completed questionnaires and underwent blood sampling, lung function tests and sputum induction at baseline and after 8 weeks   Results:  Baseline characteristics were similar in both arms. Results: see table   Conclusion:  Treatment with a single high dose vitamin D3 in nonatopic, neutrophilic asthma, does not reduce neutrophilic inflammation, but improves ACQ as compared to placebo   Implications:  The association between vitamin D and asthma is not explained by its effect on sputum neutrophils. The improvement in asthma control by vitamin D suggests that other beneficial mechanisms might be involved.
Sentinel lymphadenectomy in breast cancer.
Authors: A E Giuliano, R C Jones, M Brennan, R Statman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE We previously demonstrated increased detection of axillary metastases using sentinel lymphadenectomy (SLND) and immunohistochemistry. These methods have evolved and we now report our current use of these techniques and our most recent results of axillary staging with SLND. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred seven consecutive women (previously unreported) with breast cancer underwent SLND followed by completion axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND). All sentinel nodes were examined intraoperatively with frozen section and postoperatively with hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&amp;E) plus immunohistochemical staining (IHC) using antibody to cytokeratin. The nonsentinel axillary nodes were examined with H&amp;E, but not IHC. RESULTS The median age was 56.6 years (range, 28 to 90). Most patients (58.9%) were postmenopausal, most primary tumors (62.6%) were palpable, and most operations (86.9%) were breast-conserving. The mean tumor size was 2.11 +/- 1.38 cm. Sentinel nodes were identified in 100 patients: 42 patients had metastases in sentinel nodes; of these, 28 (66.7%) had no other involved axillary nodes. On average, 1.8 +/- 1.1 sentinel nodes were examined and 20.3 +/- 7.8 nonsentinel nodes were removed. Of seven patients with no identified sentinel nodes, six had a tumor-negative axilla. SLND was 100% predictive of axillary status in these 100 women. CONCLUSION In this population of breast cancer patients, SLND with frozen section and IHC was a minimally invasive, highly accurate intraoperative method of axillary staging. We are evaluating the elimination of routine ALND for sentinel-node negative women to minimize the morbidity associated with standard dissections. The ability to identify node-negative patients without ALND would be a welcome addition to the management of women with breast cancer.
An immunohistochemical study to evaluate the presence of B-cells in chronic lung allograft dysfunction
Authors: Elly Vandermeulen, Stijn Verleden, David Ruttens, Jana Somers, Hannelore Bellon, Mario Ricciardi, Dirk Van Raemdonck, Robin Vos, Geert Verleden, Bart Vanaudenaerde
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  Long term survival after lung transplantation (LTx) is impaired by the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). CLAD represents 2 phenotypes: restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS) and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), of which the exact pathophysiology remains elusive. The inflammatory role of B-cells has been investigated in diverse chronic pulmonary diseases, however not extensively in LTx. We want to investigate the presence of B-cells in explants lung tissue of CLAD patients.   Methods:  Sections of BOS (n=14) and RAS (n=16) lungs, collected at re-transplantation, were stained for CD20 and quantified compared to (non-transplant) control lungs (n=21). A subdivision was made into scattered cells and organized cells (follicles). Results were presented as number of cells/mm² area and number of follicles/mm² area.   Results:  The number of CD20 +  B-cells/mm² was increased in RAS (2.62, IQR: 0.84-10.82; p   Discussion:  Increased B-cell numbers may have an important contribution to the pathogenesis of CLAD, especially in RAS, which warrants further investigation.
Cough-generated Aerosols of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Authors: Kevin P. Fennelly, John W. Martyny, Kayte E. Fulton, Ian M. Orme, Donald M. Cave, Leonid B. Heifets
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

The concentration and size distribution of infectious aerosols produced by patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has never been directly measured. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a method that we developed to collect and quantify culturable cough-generated aerosols of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Subjects were recruited from a referral hospital and most had multidrug-resistant TB. They coughed into a chamber containing microbial air samplers while cough frequency was measured during two 5-minute sessions. Cough-generated aerosol cultures were positive in 4 of 16 subjects (25%) with smear-positive pulmonary TB. There was a rapid decrease in the cough-generated aerosol cultures within the first 3 weeks of effective treatment. Culture-positive cough aerosols were associated with lack of treatment during the previous week (p = 0.007), and there was a trend in the association with cough frequency (p = 0.08). The size distributions of these aerosols were variable, but most particle sizes were in the respirable range. Quantification of viable cough-generated aerosols is feasible and offers a new approach to study infectiousness and transmission of M. tuberculosis and other airborne pathogens.
Plethysmographic profil of patients with infiltrative lung diseases
Authors: Salma Ait Batahar, Lamya Amro, Abdelhaq Alaoui-Yazidi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: autoimmune diseases are characterized by a systemic impairment giving many signs among them respiratory symptoms. The goal of this study is to assess the pulmonary impairment during autoimmune disease by plethysmography. Patients and methods: It is a retrospective study of the files of patients followed for a autoimmune disease and who had a pulmonary function exam done in our department between 2010 and 2012. Results: there were 47 patients; two patients out of three had a prespiratory impairment. The average age was 50 years old with extremes between 24 and 66 years old. 73% of the patients were women. The majority of patients had scleroderma (36%), 23% had ankylosing smpondylitis, 10% had respectively a mixed connective tissue disease and rheumatoid arthritis. 60% of the patients were under corticosteroid and 33% of them under immunosuppressive treatments. Respiratory impairment was found among 63% of our patients patients: 30% had a restrictive ventilatory defect, 6% had an obstructive ventilatory defect and 26% had an impairment of the small airways. Conclusion: respiratory impairment during autoimmune diseases is common, so it is important to have a complete study of the pulmonary function for these patients in order to assess the initial state of this function and to adapt the treatment according to the progress of the disease.
Survival advantage of adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk node-negative breast cancer: ten-year analysis--an intergroup study.
Authors: E G Mansour, R Gray, A H Shatila, D C Tormey, M R Cooper, C K Osborne, G Falkson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE Preliminary analysis showed that adjuvant chemotherapy is effective in improving disease-free survival (DFS) among high-risk breast cancer patients. This report updates the analysis of the high-risk group and reports the results of the low-risk group. METHODS Patients who had undergone a modified radical mastectomy or a total mastectomy with low-axillary sampling, with negative axillary nodes and either an estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) tumor of any size or an estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumor that measured &gt; or = 3 cm (high-risk) were randomized to receive six cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil, and prednisone (CMFP) or no further treatment. Patients with ER+ tumors less than 3 cm (low-risk) were monitored without therapy. RESULTS DFS and overall survival (OS) at 10 years were 73% and 81%, respectively, among patients who received chemotherapy, as compared with 58% and 71% in the observation group (P=.0006 for DFS and P=.02 for OS). Chemotherapy was beneficial for patients with large tumors, both ER+ and ER-, showing a 10-year DFS of 70% versus 51 % (P=.0009) and OS of 75% versus 65% (P=.06). Ten-year survival was 77% among low-risk patients, 85% among premenopausal patients, and 73% in the postmenopausal group. CONCLUSION The observed 37% reduction in risk of recurrence and 34% reduction in mortality risk at 10 years, associated with a 15.4% absolute benefit in disease-free state and 10.1% in survival, reaffirm the role of adjuvant chemohormonal therapy in the management of high-risk node-negative breast cancer. Tumor size remains a significant prognostic factor associated with recurrence and survival in the low-risk group.
Value of Functional Imaging by PET in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Thomas Schmidt, Florian Lordick, Ken Herrmann, Katja Ott
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

In esophageal cancer, functional imaging using PET can provide important additional information beyond standard staging techniques that may eventually lead to therapeutic consequences. The most commonly used tracer is fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), which has high avidity for both squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The value of FDG-PET is limited in early esophageal cancer, whereas additional information is provided in 15% to 20% of locally advanced tumors. Neoadjuvant treatment is currently the standard of care in locally advanced esophageal cancer in most countries because randomized studies have shown a significant survival benefit. Because responders and nonresponders have a significantly different prognosis, functional imaging to tailor preoperative treatment would be of interest. Metabolic imaging using FDG-PET is an established method of response evaluation in clinical trials. The value of metabolic response evaluation is known to depend on the histologic subtype and the type of preoperative treatment delivered. An association of FDG-PET-based metabolic response with clinical response and prognosis was shown for absolute standardized uptake value (SUV) or a decrease of SUV levels before, during, and after therapy. However, contradictory findings exist in the literature and prospective validation is missing. Additionally, no consensus exists on time points or cutoff levels for metabolic response evaluation. Furthermore, correct prediction of a posttherapeutic pathologic complete remission is currently not possible using FDG-PET. Of high interest is early response monitoring during preoperative chemotherapy, with potential subsequent therapy modification. This tailored approach still needs validation in prospective multicenter trials.