tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: ADRIAN M. DI BISCEGLIE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent cancer worldwide, responsible for approximately 1 000 000 deaths annually, most of them in the Far East and in sub-Saharan Africa. It usually presents at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. There is strong evidence of an etiologic role for hepatitis B virus infection in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Carriers of the virus are 94 times more at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma than noncarriers. In many cases hepatitis B virus DNA is integrated within the cellular genome of the tumor. Programs have been established to detect hepatocellular carcinoma at an early stage; persons at high risk are regularly screened by measurement of serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and ultrasound examination of the liver. Surgical resection offers the only hope of cure at present, as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy have not shown promise. Ideally, surgery should be done on small asymptomatic tumors.
Failure to Diagnose Cardiac Transplant Rejection with Tc-99m-PYP Images
Authors: JAMES H. McKILLOP, I ROSS McDOUGALL, MICHAEL L. GORIS, JAY W. MASON, BRUCE A. REITZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

The possibility of diagnosing transplant rejection using Tc-99m-PYP imaging was examined in 12 cardiac transplant recipients. Two patients were studied on two occasions. The presence or absence of active rejection was established by endomyocardial biopsy. The intensity and pattern of myocardial uptake of the tracer did not differ significantly in the two patients studied at the time of rejection compared to the remainder. It is concluded that a single Tc-99m-PYP study cannot be used to diagnose cardiac transplant rejection.
Abstract 2262: No Impact Of The Mitral Annuloplasty On Overall Survival In Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy - Long-term Follow-up Study.
Authors: Krzysztof S Golba, Jolanta Biernat, Marek A Deja, Wojciech Domaradzki, Marek Jasiński, Anna Maria Dalecka, Marcin Malinowski, Tomasz Roleder, Romuald Twardowski, Stanislaw Wos
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Good long-term results are reported after the mitral valve (MV) repair for ischemic regurgitation. The aim of the study was to identify predictors of the overall survival after routine MV repair in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods. 164 patients, 60.9±8.66 years old, with chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation and left ventricle ejection fraction (EF) = 30.7±6.04 undergoing coronary bypass with or without MV repair were prospectively followed for 5.1±1.63 years. A Cox proportional hazards model evaluated overall survival as a function of baseline age, sex, EF, mitral regurgitation jet area, left atrial area, atrial fibrillation, NYHA class, prior anterior or inferior myocardial infarction, medical comorbidities, MV repair, left ventricular plasty, left main and 3 vessel disease, venous graft to left anterior descending artery, number of grafts and year of operation. Treatment selection bias was controlled by deriving a propensity score for mitral annuloplasty. Results. Predictors included in the Cox regression model of overall survival are presented in table . The ROC curve analysis revealed EF &lt;30.0, (sensitivity and specificity - 61.7% and 59.0%, respectively) and serum creatinine &gt;1.17, (45.6% and 77.2%) as a cut-off values in the prediction of overall survival. Conclusions. There is no impact of the mitral annuloplasty on overall survival in these patients. MV repair can be safely added to coronary bypass grafting in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Multivariable Cox regression analysis results
The Deviated Nose and the Nasal Airway
Authors: A G D Maran
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1979)

The pathology of the deviated nose is discussed in relation to its bony and cartilaginous components. The importance of the interlocking stresses within the septal cartilage is pointed out especially with respect to continuing deformation after trauma. The methods of rhinometry are analysed and normal airflow through the nose is described. The effects on the nasal airway of a caudal dislocation of the septum, an angulation at the valve area, a high septal deflection and an excessively wide choana are discussed. In the treatment of a deviated bony segment the difficulties of medial and lateral osteotomies are described. The indications for a septoplasty are thought to be a dislocated caudal end, a tip deviation and an external lateral angulation. The submucous resection of the septum should be reserved for resolved haematoma and cartilage absorption. The importance of the patient's priorities in deciding what operation to do are pointed out. Finally the experimental work on the effect of cartilage and mucoperichondrium resection on nasal growth is reviewed. It is suggested that a child with a severe septal deflection and airway obstruction should be offered a septoplasty taking care not to damage the mucoperichondrium.
Safe and Effective Re-Induction Of Complete Remissions In Adults With Relapsed B-ALL Using 19-28z CAR CD19-Targeted T Cell Therapy
Authors: Marco L Davila, Isabelle Riviere, Xiuyan Wang, Shirley Bartido, Jolanta Stefanski, Qing He, Oriana Borquez-Ojeda, Clare Taylor, Teresa Wasielewska, Jinrong Qu, Diana CG Bouhassira, Yvette J Bernal, Sarah Yoo, Terence Purdon, Elizabeth Halton, Hilda Quintanilla, Jae H Park, Kevin J. Curran, Michel Sadelain, Renier J Brentjens
Journal: Blood (2013)
Specialist GPs must not undermine the value of generalism
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The creation of GPs with special interests must not be allowed to lead to the fragmentation or devaluing of general care, two UK royal colleges have warned.

A joint report from the Royal College of General Practitioners and the Royal College of Physicians warned that, although the development of special interests opens up new opportunities, it also poses several threats.

It said that getting high quality care more rapidly and closer to home offers …
Circulating Angiogenic Factors and Preeclampsia
Authors: Tsatsaris, Goffin F, Foidart Jm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

1. D’Haese PC, Verberckmoes SC, Schrooten I, De Broe ME. Strontium and chronic renal failure. Kidney 2000;9:93-8. 2. Spasovski GB, Bervoets AR, Behets GJ, et al. Spectrum of renal bone disease in end-stage renal failure patients not yet on dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18:1159-66. 3. Cohen-Solal ME, Augry F, Mauras Y, Morieux C, Allain P, de Vernejoul MC. Fluoride and strontium accumulation in bone does not correlate with osteoid tissue in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002;17:449-54. 4. D’Haese PC, Couttenye MM, Lamberts LV, et al. Aluminum, iron, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, chromium, magnesium, strontium, and calcium content in bone of end-stage renal failure patients. Clin Chem 1999;45:1548-56. 5. Vanholder R, Cornelis R, Dhondt A, Lameire N. The role of trace elements in uraemic toxicity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17:Suppl 2:2-8.
Systematic Strategy of Prophylactic Coronary Angiography Improves Long-Term Outcome After Major Vascular Surgery in Medium- to High-Risk Patients
Authors: Mario Monaco, Paolo Stassano, Luigi Di Tommaso, Paolo Pepino, Arturo Giordano, Giovanni B. Pinna, Gabriele Iannelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Evidence for malignant transformation in acute myeloid leukemia at the level of early hematopoietic stem cells by cytogenetic analysis of CD34+ subpopulations
Authors: D Haase, M Feuring-Buske, S Konemann, C Fonatsch, C Troff, W Verbeek, A Pekrun, W Hiddemann, B Wormann
Journal: Blood (1995)
Abstract 4470: Long Term Follow Up After Fractional Flow Reserve-guided Treatment Of ‘Moderate’ Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis
Authors: Michalis Hamilos, Thomas Cuisset, Jaydeep Sarma, Emanuele Barbato, Jozef Bartunek, Marc Vanderheyden, Guy Heyndrickx, William Wijns, Nico Pijls, Bernard De Bruyne
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction: We assesed the value, in terms of long-term clinical outcome, of a fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided treatment strategy in patients with angiographically ‘intermediate’ left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenoses. Methods: In 215 consecutive patients with an angiographically ‘intermediate’ unprotected LMCA stenosis (between 30–70%, by visual estimate), FFR measurements and off line quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) were obtained. When FFR was ≥0.80, patients were treated medically (medical group); When FFR was &lt;0.80 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was advocated (surgical group). Incidence of death, myocardial infarction and any coronary revascularisation procedure were recorded. Results: 140 patients had an FFR≥0.80 and 75 patients had an FFR&lt;0.80. Percent diameter stenosis at QCA correlated significantly with FFR (r = −0.38, p&lt;0.001), but a very large scatter was observed (Figure 1B ). Mean follow up duration was 35 ± 25 months. The incidence of death was 7.9 % in the medical group and 9.3 % in the surgical group. (Figure 1A , p=0.73). Conclusions : Angiography alone does not allow appropriate decision making in patients with angiographically ‘intermediate’ stenosis of the LMCA. Given the favorable outcome of an FFR-guided strategy such patients deserve FFR assessment before blindly proceeding to revascularisation. Figure 1: A Kaplan-Meier mortality curves for the 2 study groups. B Scatterplots showing the distribution of % diameter stenosis and the corresponding FFR values (filled dots indicate FFR≥0.80 and circles indicate FFR&lt;0.80).
Abstract 14067: Genetic Variation in APOA5 Associates with Stepwise Increases in Plasma Triglycerides and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in 58,000 Individuals from the General Population
Authors: Anders B Jrgensen, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Peer Grande, BOrge G Nordestgaard, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objectives: Plasma triglycerides, a marker of cholesterol-containing remnant lipoproteins, are independent predictors of cardiovascular risk. Apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V) facilitates the metabolism ...
Abstract 1883: Obesity Impairs Left Ventricular Circumferential but not Longitudinal Systolic Function in Hypertensive Subjects with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Valerio Zaca, Piercarlo Ballo, Elisa Giacomin, Marta Focardi, Maurizio Galderisi, Sergio Mondillo
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background - Isolated obesity has been shown to negatively affect cardiac function in otherwise healthy subjects by means of alterations in left ventricular (LV) structure and morphology as well as...
<i>ATM</i> gene analysis in neuroblastoma: A report from the COG
Authors: F. Gumy-Pause, H. Ozsahin, M. Khoshbeen-Boudal, B. Pardo, D. Betts, P. Maillet, A. Sappino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

10058 Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common malignant disease of infancy and accounts for approximately 8% of all childhood cancers. The clinical hallmark of this tumor is the marked variability in prognosis depending of the age, stage, and biological characteristics. There is evidence to suggest that the long arm of chromosome 11 (11q) plays a role in NB biology. The ATM gene is located at 11q22–23 and hereditary mutations of this gene cause ataxia-telangiectasia, a recessive disorder associated with a high incidence of neoplasia. The aim of this project was to determine the prevalence of ATM gene mutation and ATM methylation status in 50 NB samples. Methods: Following DNA extraction, PCR products of the 65 exons of the ATM gene and its promoter were screened by DHPLC. This screening was also performed on DNA from 60 blood donors. Alterations detected were analyzed by direct sequencing. Direct and indirect criteria were used to classify the observed nucleotide alterations as mutation (if pathogenic), rare variant (if the allelic frequency in controls was &lt; or = 1%), variant (1.1–2.4%) or polymorphism (&gt; or = 2.5%). The ATM methylation status was analyzed by MS-MLPA (Methylation-Specific Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification). Results: Except polymorphisms, 17 different sequence alterations were found in 17 NB samples (34%). Ten of these 17 alterations, found in 11 NB (22%), were rare variants (RV). In 5 NB (10%), RV were found homozygous. At the same time, we found 20 different sequence alterations in 19 controls (32%). Sixteen of these 20 alterations were RV and one was a heterozygous pathogenic mutation. These 17 alterations concern 15 controls (25%). No homozygous RV was found in controls. We found no evidence of ATM promoter hypermethylation in the 48 NB samples analyzed. Conclusions: We found no difference in ATMvariant and RV frequency between NB and control samples. However, as ATM deletion is a frequent event in NB, we found a high frequency of homozygous RV (10%). At present, we are completing this study by screening ATMlarge genomic deletion/duplication using MLPA. Finally, our observations indicate that epigenetic ATM silencing by methylation is uncommon in neuroblastoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 2921: Genome-wide Association Reveals Sequence Variants on 4q25 that Affect the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke
Authors: Jeffrey Gulcher, Daniel Gudbjartsson, Anna Helgadottir, Solveig Gretarsdottir, David Arnar, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Jan Hillert, Ronald Ma, Jonathan Rosand, Patrick Ellinor, Hilma Holm, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Augustine Kong, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in man and is characterized by chaotic electrical activity of the atria. It affects one in ten individuals over eighty, causes significant morbidity, and is an independent predictor of mortality. We have carried out a genome-wide scan using 316,000 SNPs on an Illumina beadchip to genotype a large atrial fibrillation cohort in Iceland. We found two common sequence variants (SNPs) within the same LD block on chromosome 4q25 near the PITX2 gene which increase the risk of AF substantially (by 1.72 and 1.39 per copy, respectively). An even higher risk was observed in individuals with typical atrial flutter. The association was replicated in Swedish, American, and Chinese populations. These variants do not associate with known risk factors for AF and thus provide an independent predictor of risk. The variants have a stronger effect in individuals younger than 80 but the risk in males and females is indistinguishable. As expected, given that AF is the primary cause of cardiogenic stroke, we found significant correlation to cardiogenic stroke in multiple cohorts. We have now followed up this initial study by combining these two variants to define a test to predict the risk of AF and show its characteristics in a meta-analysis of about 4500 AF patients from four European and American Caucasian cohorts. We demonstrate the effect of age on prediction. About 30% of the general population is positive for this test and has an OR of 1.8 for atrial fibrillation in individuals younger than 80. Such a test may be useful in recently diagnosed ischemic stroke and TIA patients to help decide which patients may benefit from ambulatory cardiac monitoring and perhaps provide a higher yield of detection of asymptomatic intermittent AF that is not discovered during the standard 24 to 48 hour monitoring within the hospital. This may be particularly important given that secondary stroke prevention strategies of antiplatelet agents and statins widely used for atherosclerosis-related strokes are much less effective for preventing strokes caused by AF.
Abstract 6199: Relationship of Carotid Arterial Compliance and Thoracic Aorta Calcification: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Michael J Blaha, Matthew J Budoff, Juan J Rivera, Ronit Katz, Dan H O’Leary, Jospeh F Polak, Junchiro Takasu, Roger S Blumenthal, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Decreased arterial compliance is one of the earliest manifestations of adverse structural and functional changes within the vessel wall. Prior studies have shown that indirect measures of arterial stiffness predict severity of atherosclerosis as well as subsequent cardiovascular events. Ultrasonography of the common carotid artery however enables a direct measurement of compliance and stiffness and may be a more sensitive marker of subclinical vascular disease. MESA is a longitudinal, population-based study of 6,814 men and women aged 45–84 without clinical cardiovascular disease at enrollment. Of these, 3,540 (62± 10 years, 47% males) individuals underwent arterial compliance assessment via calculation of the distensibility coefficient (DC, in 1/mmHg ×10 3 ), which uses carotid ultrasonographic measurements of cardiac cycle-dependent vessel size and upper arm measurements of blood pressure. All patients had their thoracic artery calcium (TAC) calculated using non-contrast cardiac CT. The cross-sectional association between decreasing quartiles of DC (4 th quartile as reference group) and TAC was assessed by multivariable relative risk regression using a generalized linear model and binomial error distribution. The mean DC in the study population was 2.51± 1.11. Overall, 1,828 (28%) individuals had detectable TAC. A lower DC was observed among those with vs. without TAC (2.06± 0.90 vs. 2.69± 1.13, p&lt;0.0001). The prevalence of TAC increased significantly across decreasing quartiles of DC (4 th : 11%, 3 rd : 21%, 2 nd : 32%, 1 st : 11%, p&lt;0.0001). The table below demonstrates the adjusted relative risk for presence of TAC with decreasing quartiles of DC. Decreased arterial compliance measured by carotid ultrasonography is independently correlated with thoracic aortic atherosclerosis. Further studies are in progress to assess the prognostic value of this marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.
Effect of Esophageal Variceal Band Ligation on Hemorrhoids, Anorectal Varices, and Portal Hypertensive Colopathy
Authors: S. Misra, V. Misra, M. Dwivedi
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Although it is known that obliteration of esophageal varices following endoscopic variceal band ligation results in an increase in the incidence of portal hypertensive gastropathy, the effect of variceal ligation on hemorrhoids, anorectal/colonic varices and portal hypertensive colopathy is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endoscopic variceal band ligation on hemorrhoids, anorectal/colonic varices and portal hypertensive colopathy. Patients and Methods: A total of 60 consecutive patients with cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension were prospectively studied. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and full-length colonoscopy were carried out before the patients underwent endoscopic variceal band ligation for esophageal varices and after obliteration of the varices following band ligation. Results: Obliteration of esophageal varices by endoscopic variceal band ligation did not affect the incidence of hemorrhoids (37 % before and after), anorectal varices (40 % before and after), and portal hypertensive colopathy (57 % before and after). Conclusions: It is concluded that esophageal variceal band ligation does not affect the incidence of hemorrhoids, anorectal varices or portal hypertensive colopathy in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.
Rationing intensive care
Authors: A R Bull
Journal: BMJ (1995)

disease than with nodal disease.'Although these differences suggest aetiological and biological heterogeneity, the evidence that diabetes has a role in either type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as suggested by the Japanese data, is not strong.A cohort study in 1982 of people with diabetes mellitus found an excess of lymphoma,' but the authors attributed this to inappropriate referent population rates.'They also observed no associa- tion in a cross sectional study.'Further studies will require more accurate determinations of diabetes and nodal status in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Abstract 12567: Contribution of Emerging Risk Markers to Global Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
Authors: Maryam Kavousi, Maarten Leening, Arfan Ikram, Jan Heeringa, Gabriel Krestin, Matthijs Oudkerk, Moniek de Maat, Joost Rutten, Frank Leebeek, Francesco Mattace-Raso, Jan Lindemans, Peter Koudstaal, Albert Hofman, Anton van den Meiracker, Bruno Stricker, Oscar Franco, Ewout Steyerberg, Aad van der Lugt, Jacqueline Witteman
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Abstract 2086: The Adjustable Systemic Pulmonary-Artery Shunt Provides Precise 2-Day Control of Pulmonary Blood Flow
Authors: Mohammad W Mohiuddin, Philip P Resig, Kevin W Sexton, William I Douglas
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Objective: Our laboratory has developed an adjustable systemic-pulmonary artery shunt (AS) to provide improved control of pulmonary blood flow (PBF) after neonatal palliation of single ventricle physiology. The first anticipated human use of the device is temporary implantation during delayed sternal closure (DSC). The objective was to test the device for up to 44 hours, a similar time frame as period of DSC.  Methods: Six piglets 6 –10 kg underwent left thoracotomy and placement of a 3.5 mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) shunt from the left subclavian artery to the left pulmonary artery (LPA). The assumption was made that flow characteristics of a systemic-pulmonary artery shunt to one lung of a 6 –10 kg animal would be similar to both lungs of a human infant. The LPA was ligated at its origin. An adjustable screw-plunger resistor mechanism was placed on the PTFE graft after both anastomoses had been performed. A flow probe was placed on the LPA distal to the shunt insertion; flow probe data only reflected flow through the AS. The AS was adjusted every 2 hours from fully open to an estimated 60% flow reduction throughout the test period (range 34 – 44 hours). Each cycle of flow reduction was performed in 0.1 mm increments over 18 minutes.  Results: A predictable relationship was found between shunt flow and resistor setting. Little flow reduction occurred until 1 mm of plunger depression was achieved. Flow then decreased according to a third-order equation with increasing shunt constriction. R2 values varied from .981 to .997 among the 6 piglets. The standard deviation of flow among the trials at each resistor setting was 5.4%. There was no trend towards this relationship changing over the 44-hour period. The relationship between shunt setting and flow among the 6 piglets at each point in time was similar.  Conclusion: The AS provided a stable relationship between systemic-pulmonary artery shunt flow and device setting over a 44 hour test period in vivo. These data lend strong evidence that the device would perform successfully in a human infant during the period of DSC. Clinical trials are necessary to determine whether mechanical control of PBF results in improved clinical outcomes.  This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, South Central Affiliate (Arkansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma & Texas).
Abstract 3296: Phenolic Compounds Present In Danshen Extract Protect Against Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Balvin Chua, Jinping Gao, Hong Wang, Ronald C Hamdy, Chu C Chua
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The acute clinical effects of doxorubicin (DOX) administration include EKG changes, tachycardia, and hypertension. DOX-induced superoxide generation in heart mitochondria has been shown to play a p...