tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute respiratory effects of low level summer smog in primary school children
Authors: CE Cuijpers, GM Swaen, G Wesseling, G Hoek, F Sturmans, EF Wouters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

We aimed to study the possible effects of exposure to a summer smog episode on the respiratory health of 212 school children. Furthermore, the suitability of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) to demonstrate such effects was evaluated. Acute respiratory symptoms were evaluated by questionnaire and lung function was assessed by spirometry and respiratory impedance measurements. For each child, comparisons were made between measurements performed at baseline (low levels of air pollutant: 55 micrograms.m-3 for SO2 and 58 micrograms.m-3 for NO2 (maximum 24 h means); O3 levels ranged from 2-56 micrograms.m-3 (8 h mean)); and after a summer smog episode (characterized by 8 h O3 levels > 120 micrograms.m-3 (163 micrograms.m-3) and 1 h levels > 160 micrograms.m-3 (215 micrograms.m-3). No significant effects were observed on the prevalence of acute respiratory symptoms. When individual changes in lung function indices (delta LF) were regressed on changes in previous day ozone (8 h mean) and changes in mean daily temperature (delta MTemp), using multiple linear regression analysis, a significant negative association was observed with peak expiratory flow (PEF), but not with other spirometry indices. Although significant associations were observed with reactance at 8 Hz (Xrs8), resonant frequency (f0) and frequency dependence of resistance (FD), the signs of the beta s were opposite to the direction expected when O3 adversely affected the impedance outcomes. In conclusion, in this study short-term exposure to moderately high levels of ozone did not result in clear adverse effects on the respiratory health of the children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chromosome Patterns in Rat Hepatocytes During &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-2-Fluorenylacetamide Carcinogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: F. F. Becker, R. A. Fox, K. M. Klein, S. R. Wolman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The ingestion of N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) by male rats produced hepatic nodules considered to be lineally related to the eventual appearance of hepatomas. These hepatomas were analyzed for chromosome composition and demonstrated diploid and tetraploid populations as well as a marker, metacentric chromosome. Metaphase hepatocytes were derived from the hepatic nodules and their karyotypes analyzed. Chromosome gaps and breaks were noted as well as a relative absence of the tetraploid population seen in normal, adult livers and in tumors. Under these conditions of experimental carcinogenesis, at a time when the probability of eventual malignancy is determined in these livers, their chromosome alterations are few and difficult to correlate with the distinctive patterns of the eventual hepatomas.
Abstract 17858: An Intervention to Reduce Sodium Intake can Lower Blood Pressure in Adults With Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors Living in a Rural Austere Environment
Authors: Terry A Lennie, Martha J Biddle, Misook L Chung, Gia Mudd-Martin, Alison L Bailey, Barretta Casey, Susan Westneat, Mary Kay Rayens, Michale J Novak, Debra K Moser
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Studies demonstrating that reduction in dietary sodium intake resulted in decreased blood pressure (BP) were conducted under tightly controlled conditions. There is little evidence that...
STUDIES OF MOUSE POLYOMA VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Lloyd W. Law, Wallace P. Rowe, Janet W. Hartley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

The relationship of polyoma (parotid tumor) virus infection to spontaneous and x-ray induced lymphocytic neoplasms (leukemia) in mice has been studied in two sublines of the high leukemic AKR strain, in the high leukemic C58 strain and in the x-ray responsive C3Hf/Bi strain. There was found to be no correlation of hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody with leukemia appearing at various times throughout life, and there was no evidence of increased risk of developing leukemia in mice with prior antibody to polyoma virus. Virus isolation experiments accomplished with AKR leukemic mice showed that HI antibody status of these mice had the same significance with regard to presence or absence of detectable virus as was previously observed for non-leukemic mice from infected colonies. The results of this study were interpreted as supporting the concept that the repeated association of polyoma virus and experimental transmission of leukemia is fortuitous.
A phase II study of oral eniluracil/fluorouracil in patients with anthracycline-refractory or anthracycline- and taxane-refractory advanced breast cancer
Authors: T. Skovsgaard, N.G.P. Davidson, M.J. Piccart, D.J. Richel, J. Bonneterre, D.T. Cirkel, C.M. Barton, S. Knight
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
Predictive value of risk assessment scores in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing reduced‐intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wataru Yamamoto, Eriko Ogusa, Kenji Matsumoto, Atsuo Maruta, Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo, Heiwa Kanamori
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

Reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation (RIC allo-SCT) is associated with less toxicity and is used for older patients. We retrospectively studied the predictive value of two risk assessment scores, which were the hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index (HCT-CI) and the pre-transplantation assessment of mortality (PAM) score, for assessing the outcome of RIC allo-SCT. Seventy-eight patients underwent transplantation between 2005 and 2013 at a single institution. RIC was performed with fludarabine and melphalan with/without total body irradiation. The 3-year overall survival of patients with an HCT-CI >3 was significantly worse than that of patients with an HCT-CI 0-3 (31.6% vs. 59.6%, P = 0.020). Also, the 3-year overall survival of patients with a PAM score >24 was significantly worse than that of those with a PAM score ≤24 (29.2% vs. 61.4%, P = 0.005). The present findings suggest that changing the cut-off values of these risk assessment scores can improve prediction of outcomes in patients receiving RIC allo-SCT with this conditioning regimen and we need validation by large-scale study with other regimens.
New Strategies in Cancer Nanomedicine
Authors: Rong Tong, Daniel S. Kohane
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2015)

We review recent progress in cancer nanomedicine, including stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems and nanoparticles responding to light for phototherapy or tumor imaging. In addition, several new strategies to improve the circulation of nanoparticles in vivo, tumor penetration, and tumor targeting are discussed. The application of nanomedicine in cancer immunology, a relatively new type of cancer therapy, is also highlighted.
PROGNOSTIC CRITERIA IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: LOUIS S. CHASE, SAMUEL SILVERMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

On the basis of a critical survey of the literature, the following conclusions are drawn concerning the significance of the various criteria of prognosis in schizophrenia: The prognosis is most favorable when the duration of illness is short; the type of onset acute; exogenic precipitating factors, obvious; the element of confusion and the presence of atypical symptoms (especially manic-depressive symptoms), prominent in the early symptomatology; and when process symptoms are minimal or absent. Conversely, when these conditions are reversed, the prognosis is least favorable. This group of criteria is of the greatest import in the assessment of prognosis in schizophrenia. Certain other factors seem to have some significance, although their relative prognostic importance cannot be clearly evaluated at the present time. Patients with a history of a previous episode of illness appear to have a better chance of remission; the more so, the longer the interval of time between attacks, the more complete the recovery during the preceding remission, and the greater the dissimilarity between the present and previous episodes. The incidence of manic-depressive psychoses in the hereditary background may be related to the development of atypical symptoms and thus favorably influence the outcome of the illness. From a prognostic point of view, asthenic body type is unfavorable, pyknic favorable; due to possible technical error, caution is required in classification of body-type. Extravert temperament and adequate pre-psychotic life-adjustment offer a more favorable outlook, in contrast to introversion and inadequacy of reaction to life situations. However, it should be noted that evaluation of these factors on the basis of information obtained from relatives and friends is only approximate. In general, the catatonic subtype offers the best prognosis and paranoids the worst, with simple and hebephrenic subtypes in an intermediate position. Acute cases which are so atypical as not to allow classification under any of these four subtypes, are especially favorable prognostically. A progressive hospital course is ominous, whereas improvement or fluctuation is indicative of a more favorable outcome. Male or female sex, education and abilities, and psycho-sexual history seem to have no prognostic significance. Likewise the factor of age at onset of illness does not contribute to the assessment of outcome, except that relatively late age offers an unfavorable prognosis.
A randomized trial comparing cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide versus cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide in advanced ovarian cancer.
Authors: P F Conte, M Bruzzone, S Chiara, M R Sertoli, M G Daga, A Rubagotti, A Conio, M Ruvolo, R Rosso, L Santi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

After primary surgery, 125 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] 1c + IIb + IIc = 22 patients, FIGO III = 82 patients, FIGO IV = 21 patients) were randomly allocated to receive PC (cisplatin 50 mg/m2 + cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 on day 1 every 28 days) (corrected) or PAC (PC + doxorubicin 45 mg/m2). After six cycles, patients clinically disease-free or with resectable residual disease were submitted to second-look surgery. After restaging, patients in surgical complete response (CR) stopped treatment while those responding partially (PR) received six more courses; patients whose disease progressed were excluded from the study. Among patients with measurable disease, the following clinical response rates were observed: PC = 20% CR, 34.3% PR, 14.3% stable disease, and 31.4% progression; PAC = 40.6% CR, 15.6% PR, 12.5% stable disease, and 31.3% progression. In the 75 patients submitted to second look, the results have been the following: PC = 39.5% CR, 36.8% PR, 7.9% stable disease, and 15.8% progression; PAC = 62.2% CR, 18.9% PR, 10.8% stable disease, and 8.1% progression. The difference in surgical complete response in favor of the PAC regimen is significant (P less than .05). Median survival and progression-free survival were 800 and 400 days, respectively, for PAC arm; median survival and progression-free survival were 680 and 380 days, respectively, for PC. These differences are not significant. Probability of survival was affected by FIGO stage, amount of residual disease, histology, performance status, and response at second look, while no influence was observed according to grade of tumor differentiation and age. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of doxorubicin in terms of surgical CR.
Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea among former World Trade Center (WTC) rescue workers and volunteers
Authors: Rafael de la Hoz, Jorge Mallea, Sasha Kramer, Bienenfeld Laura, Aurora Rashmi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Snoring and sleep disorders are common among individuals with adverse health effects from their WTC work exposures. Previous observations seemed to suggest that some forms of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) could be more prevalent in this population. We reviewed the results from nocturnal polysomnograms (PSG), to investigate whether REM-related OSA, and upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) were more frequently diagnosed among WTC-exposed subjects compared to unexposed subjects.

Methods: 656 nocturnal PSGs performed at our sleep center were reviewed, 272 of them in former WTC workers. The diagnoses were categorized as: no SDB, simple snoring, REM-related OSA, UARS, and mild, moderate, and severe OSA. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to examine differences in diagnoses between the two groups, using age, gender, body mass index (BMI) as predictors.

Results: The WTC group had a significantly higher predominance of the male gender (86.8% vs. 56.3%, p<0.001), but slightly lower mean BMI (31.4 vs. 33.2 kg/m2, p=0.002). Table 1 summarizes the diagnoses on PSG. There was no significant difference between the two groups by Chi square (p=0.56), or logistic regression (p=0.77) with adjustment for the 3 significant predictors (age, gender, and BMI, all p<0.0001).

View this table:



Conclusions: We did not detect any difference in the diagnoses derived from PSG between the WTC-exposed and unexposed subjects. OSA was significantly associated with age, BMI, and gender in this patient population.
Comparative Neoplastic Transformation Responses of Balb/3T3 Cells, Syrian Hamster Embryo Cells, and Rauscher Murine Leukemia Virus-Infected Fischer 344 Rat Embryo Cells to Chemical Carcinogens
Authors: V C Dunkel, R J Pienta, A Sivak, K A Traul
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

This study provides a preliminary comparative evaluation of the responses to a series of 49 chemicals, in in vitro transformation assays, of Balb/3T3 cells, Syrian hamster embryo cells, and Fischer 344 rat embryo cells infected with Rauscher murine leukemia virus. The chemicals assayed included aromatic amines; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; alkylating agents; nitrosamines, hydrazines, and related compounds; heterocyclic compounds; amides, ureas, and acylating agents; inorganic compounds; and hormones. In all three assays 37 of the chemicals were tested. The most uniform test responses were obtained with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic compounds With the other groups of chemicals, more variation in response was observed. This study expands the base of information on the potential of these in vitro transformation systems, and the lack of responses with some of the chemicals underscores the need for incorporation of exogenous metabolic activating systems into these assay systems.
Clinical relevance of ventilation-perfusion inequality determined by inert gas elimination
Authors: R Rodriguez-Roisin, P D Wagner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

The first part of this review deals with the basic mechanisms and factors determining hypoxaemia and hypercapnia and the different approaches used in clinical practice and in clinical research to assess the presence of ventilation-perfusion mismatching, shunt and diffusion limitation for oxygen, and more specifically the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET), in pulmonary medicine. The second part reviews three different respiratory disorders where the complex interplay between intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary factors regulating oxygen are essentially interpreted through the results afforded by the MIGET over the last decade. The gas exchange response to bronchodilators in bronchial asthma, an airway disease, and then the major determinants governing abnormal gas exchange in acute pulmonary embolism, a pulmonary vascular disorder, and during haemodialysis, a respiratory entity of extrapulmonary origin, are successively explored in the light of the inert gas method.
Analysis of tidal volume changes in preterm infants
Authors: David Wertheim, E. Mark Williams, Nicole Pickerd, Sailesh Kotecha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Assessment of tidal volume using the volume waveform relies on detection of the maximum peak and minimum trough. A possible alternative could be the calculation of a function of the mean of the squared amplitude such as the root of the mean squared amplitude (rms); this type of calculation may be less dependent on the extreme points of the volume waveform. The aim of this study was to compare assessment of rms with tidal volume. A FloRight system (Volusense AS, Oslo, Norway) was used to assess respiration volume (Pickerd et al. J Pediatr 2014). Recordings of 15 minutes or less on seven preterm infants of post-conceptional age 29 to 39 weeks (median 30 weeks) were analysed; in these recordings the babies were receiving SiPaP (Carefusion Corporation, UK) respiratory support at pressures of 5 or 9/5 cmH2O. Raw data were low pass and high pass filtered and analysed using software that we developed using MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc., USA). In each recording, one epoch of 60 seconds duration was analysed. The epoch chosen was the first where there were no respiratory pauses and the respiratory pattern visually appeared regular; epochs with clear artefact were excluded. For six of the seven infants there was an increase in rms volume amplitude associated with change in pressure to 9/5 cmH2O although the degree was variable. Tidal volume was assessed visually and compared with calculation of rms volume. The data were tested for consistency with a normal distribution. Using the Pearson's correlation coefficient there was a significant relation between tidal volume and rms volume (r= 0.98, p<0.001, n= 14). These results suggest that rms amplitude may help to assess changes in tidal volume.
A phenomenological study of pain in patients suffering from COPD
Authors: Magne Hustavenes, Elise Austegaard, Dagfinn Nåden, Randi Andenæs
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Resent research indicates that pain could be a significant symptom in COPD.   Aim:  The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of pain in patients suffering from COPD.   Method:  Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a strategic sample of COPD patients experiencing pain, representing both Stage III and IV, taking place from April to June 2009. Six patients, both sexes equally represented, mean age 66 years, were recruited from an urban community hospital in Oslo, Norway. The data was analyzed based on Merleau-Ponty9s phenomenological philosophy and Giorgi9s method.   Results:  Patients described various appearances of pain. Three major essences were identified: 1) The life changing pain, 2) the pain of dyspnoea attacks, and 3) the non-communicated pain. Regarding the first essence, pain was described as life changing since it implied a dramatic limitation on their lived life and the painful knowledge of progression. Concerning the second essence, dyspnoea attacks were experienced as physical pain in chest, head and muscles, as well as pain of acute fear of dying due to lack of air. Relating to the third essence, pain was not communicated to health care personnel due to lack of time, fear of not being taken seriously, or that they were never asked. Pain became private, and various methods of relieving pain were sought elsewhere.   Conclusions:  Patients with severe COPD experienced pain at a level that interfered with their daily life, which had a negative impact on their quality of life.
Increased levels of enkephalin following natural sunlight (combined with salt water bathing at the Dead Sea) and ultraviolet A irradiation
Authors: None Nissen, None Avrach, None Hansen, None Stengaard-Pedersen, None Kragballe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

The opioid peptides enkephalins have been shown to modulate inflammatory responses and keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, increased levels of enkephalin are present in psoriatic lesions. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of natural sunlight combined with salt water bathing in the Dead Sea on the methionine-enkephalin (e.n.k.) level in psoriatic skin. Ten patients were treated at the Dead Sea for 4 weeks, and keratotome biopsies were obtained before and after treatment. The amount of enkephalin extracted from the biopsies was measured by radioimmunoassay. Treatment at the Dead Sea resulted in a complete clinical clearance of psoriasis, and immunohistochemical stainings of lesional skin showed that the treatment decreased both epidermal thickness/parakeratosis and the dermal infiltration of CD3- and CD68-positive cells, although the number of CD3- and CD68-positive cells became normal in only two of the 10 cases. However, there was only a slight decrease in the mean enk levels (21%). Furthermore, the level of enk was high in non-lesional psoriatic skin after treatment at the Dead Sea, and immunostaining showed that, in some patients, the treatment induced a mild epidermal hyperplasia and a dermal infiltration of CD3- and CD68-positive cells. Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasm of both epidermal keratinocytes and dermal infiltrating cells. To determine whether the relatively high skin enk levels after treatment at the Dead Sea was caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, normal volunteers were exposed to a single dose of UVA and UVB (2 minimal erythema doses). UVA, but not UVB, irradiation stimulated the mean enk level in the irradiated skin by about sixfold. Furthermore, multiple whole-body UVA irradiations not only resulted in increased skin levels of enk, but also in increased plasma levels. In conclusion, natural sunlight combined with salt water bathing cleared psoriasis without causing a significant decrease in lesional enk levels. Furthermore, non-lesional enk levels were increased. These findings may be the result of a direct stimulatory effect of UVA irradiation on enk formation in the skin. It is possible that the increased circulating levels of enk after UV exposure may contribute to the beneficial effects of UVA irradiation.
Successful prolonged weaning from the respirator after unilateral ELVR treatment with coils
Authors: Bjoern Schwick
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

53 year old Patient with COPD IV was admitted in our hospital with shortness of breath and fever. Patient was treated with NIV plus O2 at home because of CVI. Recently performed lung function test before showed FEV1 of 0,63 L, a VC of 1,1 L and a RV of 5.1 l. Because of hyperkapnia (90 mmhg) and somnolence patient needed invasive ventilation. CT showed leftside pneumonia. High inspiratory and expiratory pressure were used for invasive ventilation and despite of changing ventilation strategies, the patient was getting worse with severe hypercapnia (> 100 mmhg), even after tracheotomy and treatment of pneumonia. Because of capacity problems patient could not be transferred for an extracorporal lung support. Lung volume reduction therapy with 10 coils was performed because of severe hyperinflation, advanced homogenous lung emphysema, ventilation problems, hypercapnia and risk of pneumothorax. After ELVR reduction of ventilation pressure was possible, the patient could be weaned and extubated and was discharged with NIV plus O2. 6 weeks later patient was admitted in our hospital for follow up. 6 M walk test 270 meters with 3 liters of oxygen. CO2 54 mmhg. Nocturnal non invasive ventilation was regulary used. Lung function test after 3 month showed a FEV 1 of 0,7 l,a VC of 0.98 l. Procedure was done after it was impossible to transfer the patient for an extracorporal lung support. We could hardly reduce CO2, so weaning from the ventilator was impossible.  This case report showed a successful extubation of a patient with prolonged weaning 3 weeks after ELVR. Life quality was improved, exercise capacity was possible and CO2 level was only slightly elevated after a six weeks follow up.