tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influenza Infection and Diabetes Mellitus: Case for Annual Vaccination
Authors: Rob J A Diepersloot, Karel P Bouter, Joost B L Hoekstra
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Herein, epidemiological data on influenza pneumonia and mortality, results of clinical studies, and the outcome of influenza vaccination trials are reviewed. All excess mortality studies that specify for underlying disease list diabetes as one of the major risk factors. During influenza epidemics, death rates among patients with diabetes mellitus may increase by 5–15%. Diabetes mellitus is also mentioned as a risk factor in most clinical studies, making up 3–14% of the patients studied. Even in recent studies, diabetes mellitus is only preceded as a risk factor by cardiovascular disease and chronic pulmonary disorders. To what extent cardiovascular disease and old age contribute to the increased influenza mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients remains unclear. The influence of epidemic influenza on the incidence ofdiabetic acidosis in combination with an impaired immune response to both Staphylococcus aureus and the influenza virus suggests that diabetes mellitus itself is the main risk factor. It is concluded that all patients with diabetes mellitus should receive annual vaccinations and that, in official recommendations, patients with diabetes mellitus should be mentioned as a separaterisk group. Wholevirus vaccines are preferred over subunit vaccines.
A survey of sexual and reproductive health in men with cystic fibrosis: new challenges for adolescent and adult services
Authors: S M Sawyer
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Improved survival dramatically alters the consequences of adult co-morbidities in men with cystic fibrosis (CF) such as male infertility. Few studies have systematically addressed the impact of sexual and reproductive health issues in these men or considered the implications for healthcare delivery.A descriptive cohort study was undertaken using a sexual and reproductive health survey of men from a large adult CF centre, including men with lung transplantation.The mean (SD) age of the 94 men (response rate 75%) was 30.5 (7.6) years. 94% knew that men with CF had reduced fertility. Men first heard about infertility later than desired (p<0.001) and only 53% heard from their preferred source. Men who were told about infertility when older were more likely to be upset than those told earlier (p<0.01). 53% of men had undergone semen analysis: 68% of men who had not been tested wanted semen analysis. 73% believed semen analysis should occur before 18, but the youngest age of testing was 24 years. In adolescence, one in three men had assumed they did not need to use condoms and one in 10 had confused infertility with impotence. 66% of men wanted more information on reproductive options and 84% wanted children. Seventeen men were parents by natural conception (n = 1), micro-epididymal sperm aspiration (n = 6), donor sperm (n = 9), and through step children (n = 1).Men with CF desire more sexual and reproductive health information. Earlier discussion of sexual and reproductive health is indicated in paediatric settings, and semen analysis should be routinely offered. In adult services greater discussion of reproductive health options is indicated.
THE LYMPHOCYTES IN NATURAL AND INDUCED RESISTANCE TO TRANSPLANTED CANCER
Authors: James B. Murphy, Ernest Sturm
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

The marked and durable stimulation of the lymphoid elements induced by dry heat applied to the animal results in the establishment of a high degree of immunity to certain transplantable cancers in mice. This immunity is evident when the tumor used gives a low, as well as when it gives a high percentage of takes.
Abstract 1558: STX140 but not paclitaxel inhibits mammary tumor initiation, progression and metastasis in C3(1)/SV40 T/t-antigen transgenic mice
Authors: Paul A. Foster, Simon P. Newman, Joanna M. Day, Matthew P. Leese, Barry VL Potter, Michael J. Reed, Atul Purohit
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract New chemotherapeutic options for late-stage metastatic breast cancer are urgently required. Currently, the taxanes are considered one of the most effective treatments for late-stage cancer treatment. Paclitaxel and the novel cytotoxic agent STX140, compounds that have shown significant activity against numerous xenograft mouse models of cancers, are here investigated in the C3(1)/SV40 T/t-antigen mouse model of spontaneous breast cancer. This mouse model recapitulates important histopathological and molecular alterations in mammary cancer development over a highly predictable time-course. At 8 weeks of age, the female animals develop low-grade mammary intra-epithelial neoplasia (MIN) lesions. By 12 to 14 weeks of age this progresses to high-grade MIN, which is similar to human ductal carcinoma in situ. From 15 weeks of age onwards invasive, metastatic carcinomas are observed. STX140 and paclitaxel were administered to these mice at 12 weeks of age (early intervention) and when tumors had reached 0.5 cm (late intervention). Results demonstrated that all mice in the control and paclitaxel treated groups at early intervention developed palpable mammary cancer which grew to 3112 mm3 by 25 weeks of age and led to the termination of these animals at week at this time point. However, STX140, when administered at week 12 onwards, blocked disease progression and no palpable tumor develop in 47% of tumors and significantly inhibited the growth of tumors that did develop. This resulted in a significant (P &amp;lt; 0.01) survival advantage for animals treated with STX140. Conversely, in C3(1)/SV40 mice, paclitaxel failed to inhibit tumor growth and therefore did not confer a survival benefit. In the late treatment groups, STX140 significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) inhibited primary mammary cancer growth and also resulted in a significant (P &amp;lt; 0.001) survival advantage compared to control animals. Furthermore, it was observed that paclitaxel treatment increased liver metastases in these mice. To conclude, STX140 has a greater anti-cancer efficacy and conferred an improved survival outcome compared to paclitaxel in a clinically relevant transgenic mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1558.
Phospholipase D Plays a Role in Ischemic Preconditioning in Rabbit Heart
Authors: Michael V. Cohen, Yongge Liu, Guang S. Liu, Peipei Wang, Christof Weinbrenner, Gerald A. Cordis, Dipak K. Das, James M. Downey
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is thought to be a critical step in ischemic preconditioning. Many receptor agonists activate PKC via stimulation of phospholipase C (PLC), which degrades membrane phospholipids to diacylglycerol (DAG), an important PKC cofactor. However, adenosine receptors, critical components of the prototypical preconditioning pathway, are not thought to couple to PLC in the cardiomyocyte. We therefore tested whether ischemic preconditioning or adenosine might instead activate phospholipase D (PLD) to produce DAG. Methods and Results PLD activity was measured in isolated rabbit hearts. Ischemic injury was evaluated in either isolated rabbit hearts or dispersed myocytes. PLD activity doubled from a control level of 74.8±10.0 to 140.0±11.5 μmol·min −1 ·g −1 ( P &lt;.025) after two 5-minute periods of global ischemia separated by 5 minutes of reperfusion. A similar increase was noted after the heart had been exposed to (R)- N 6 -(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine [(R)-PIA] for 20 minutes. When sodium oleate, which activates PLD, was administered to isolated hearts before a 30-minute coronary occlusion, infarct size (15.6±2.0% of the risk zone) was significantly smaller than in untreated hearts (30.4±2.2%; P &lt;.01). Exposure to sodium oleate significantly prolonged the rate of isolated myocyte survival during simulated ischemia. Propranolol 100 μmol/L, which blocks DAG production from metabolites produced by PLD catalysis, completely abolished the protective effects of both metabolic preconditioning and (R)-PIA exposure in myocytes. Conclusions We conclude that PLD stimulation is involved in the protection of ischemic preconditioning in the rabbit heart.
Hematologic Abnormalities in Southeast Asian Refugees
Authors: Joseph Craft
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Since 1979, we have provided comprehensive medical care to a group of 142 Southeast Asian refugees who relocated in Connecticut. In this group, we identified many hematologic abnormalities in both adults and children (18% anemias, 35% microcytosis). The majority of anemias were microcytic, secondary to iron deficiency and inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis. The latter were present in at least 7.5% of our population and accounted for the majority of patients with microcytosis. We conclude that hemoglobin electrophoresis and serological tests for iron stores can detect the cause of anemia found in most Southeast Asian refugees. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:3204-3206)
INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND PREDICTORS OF MACROPHAGE ACCUMULATION AND INTRAPLAQUE HEMORRHAGE IN VULNERABLE PLAQUE
Authors: Takao Sato, Tomoki Kameyama, Takahisa Noto, Teruo Nakadate, Hiroshi Ueno, Kunihiro Yamada, Hiroshi Inoue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
God and the Doctor
Authors: Humphrey Osmond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

THE public image of the doctor is an amalgam of what patients think about doctors and their art, craft, or science; of what doctors, who, as Sydenham1 observed over 300 years ago, are also patients, think about themselves and their calling; and finally, of the perceived relations between doctors and patients and what both parties believe they should be.Patients have always grumbled about doctors. Plato,2 for instance, had two criticisms of medicine. The first was that doctors treated slaves as carefully as they treated free men or philosophers, which did not accord with the rules of his authoritarian Republic, . . .
ABC of Sports Medicine : PULMONARY LIMITATIONS TO PERFORMANCE IN SPORT
Authors: M. Harries
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following ABC of Sports Medicine : PULMONARY LIMITATIONS TO PERFORMANCE IN SPORT Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Acute Circulatory Collapse of the Adrenalectomized Dog Following Plasma Infusion
Authors: CARLETON H. BAKER, JOHN W. REMINGTON
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

Adrenalectomized dogs maintained on desoxyeorticosterone acetate developed a fatal circulatory collapse when given normal dog plasma. They showed general restlessness, a rapid fall in blood pressure and cardiac index, a decline in central venous pressure and general prostration. Most dogs developed a bloody diarrhea and a minority showed edematous swelling of the face with itching. Animals with intact spleens exhibited marked hemoconcentration, splenectomized animals did not. Blood and plasma specific gravity determinations offered no evidence for gross plasma loss. Diphenhydramine prevented the collapse.
Eye disease at a community health centre.
Authors: J K Dart
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A pilot study of eye disease was carried out over three months in a general practice at a London community health centre. During the study 223 patients with eye symptoms attended, representing 2.7% of all medical consultations and giving an annual consultation rate for eye disease of 57 per 1000 of the practice population. One hundred and sixty nine of these patients were seen by an ophthalmologist who diagnosed 43 different presenting disorders; seasonal allergic conjunctivitis accounted for 21% of these cases and other disorders of the lids and conjunctiva for 28%. The general practitioner9s diagnoses were compared with the ophthalmologist9s diagnoses in 30 cases; the principal differences were for specialist areas of external disease, medical retinal disorders, and where ophthalmic symptoms were unrelated to ocular abnormality. A cost analysis showed that an ophthalmic service in a community health centre would be cost effective by reducing attendances at the hospital outpatient department.
Misconduct in research: editors respond
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Misconduct in research momentarily rose high up the agenda of the British medical community after Malcolm Pearce, an obstetrician and gynaecologist, was found in 1995 to have forged a series of papers.1 The case made the front pages of the newspapers and led to the downfall of a president of a royal college. Despite calls for action on research misconduct,2 3 the issue has not been tackled. Now Britain has another high profile case,4 and perhaps the profession will be awakened from its torpor. In the meantime, editors—who are regularly confronted by cases of possible misconduct—have decided to help themselves. We have set up the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Last week John Anderton, a consultant physician in Edinburgh and former registrar and secretary of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, was struck off by the General Medical Council (GMC), which regulates medical practitioners in Britain, for faking data in a clinical trial (p 205).4 The misconduct came to light because of an investigation by a pharmaceutical company, Pfizer, for which he was conducting the research. The company was helped by the private …
CHEMICAL, CLINICAL, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTS OF HUMAN PLASMA FRACTIONATION. IV. A STUDY OF THE THERMAL STABILITY OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN 123
Authors: G. Scatchard, S. T. Gibson, L. M. Woodruff, A. C. Batchelder, A. Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1944)

Normal human serum albumin, though prepared as a white dry powder, is distributed to the armed forces as a 25 per cent aqueous solu- tion.This is advantageous, since the solution is ready without reconstitution for immediate emergency use, and is possible, because the albumin solution is very stable, and, for a pro- tein, very resistant to heat.A 25 per cent solution of human serum albumin is a clear, straW-colored liquid.Its viscosity is about the same as that of whole blood with a hematocrit of 50.On standing at very high temperatures, it in time becomes more viscous, and haze with or without visible flocs appears.Later still, gelation occurs.The rate of these changes increases with increase in temperature.The intravenous kit includes a 200 mesh filter to remove flocs, and there is no evidence that the usefulness of the solution is impaired as long as it will flow through the needle.However, haze might be interpreted by the medical officer in the field as bacterial contamination and the development of flocs or of
Abstract 2468: Inhibition of autophagy as a potential mechanism by which pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), enhances the therapeutic effect of docetaxel chemotherapy for solid tumors
Authors: Qian Tan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Luciani and colleagues (JNCI 2004; 96:1702-13) have shown that PPIs can increase the effects of chemotherapy, most likely by modifying the acid-base balance across the cell membrane of intracellular organelles such as lysosomes. Lysosomes are required for autophagy, a process important for the survival of cells under certain forms of stress and a possible target for anticancer therapy. Here we evaluated the effect of pantoprazole (PTP) to (i) inhibit autophagy, and (ii) modify the cytotoxic effects of the anticancer drug docetaxel (DOC) in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Autophagy was evaluated by assessing both endogenous LC3B protein and with an optical LC3B fusion reporter (LC3B-GFP-RFP) that enables monitoring of autophagosome formation and fusion with the lysosome. Cytotoxicity of DOC +/−PTP was evaluated by a colony-forming assay for PC3 parental cells, and for cells transfected with shRNAs to inhibit autophagy. Growth delay of three human xenografts was evaluated following multiple doses of DOC+/−PTP. The distribution of drug effects in relation to blood vessels was quantified by γH2AX, and cleaved caspase 3. Results: PTP increased endosomal pH and inhibited autophagy in a dose and time dependent manner. PTP alone was not cytotoxic but increased the cytotoxicity of DOC for PC3 cells, with smaller effects against cells with reduced ability to undergo autophagy. Pre-treatment with PTP increased the growth delay caused by DOC in three different xengografts, with minimal increase in toxicity. Effects of DOC evaluated by γH2AX and by cleaved caspase 3 decreased with increasing distance from tumour blood vessels, but were enhanced by pre-treatment with PTP. Conclusions: PTP increases the therapeutic effectiveness of DOC in vitro and in vivo, and a potential mechanism is inhibition of autophagy. DOC is the preferred chemotherapy for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and we plan a phase II study of PTP + DOC in such patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2468. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2468
Dysregulation of T lymphocyte function in itchy mice: a role for Itch in TH2 differentiation
Authors: Deyu Fang, Chris Elly, Baixue Gao, Nan Fang, Yoav Altman, Claudio Joazeiro, Tony Hunter, Neal Copeland, Nancy Jenkins, Yun-Cai Liu
Journal: Nature Immunology (2002)
THE IATRO-METEOROLOGY OF HIPPOCRATES
Authors: A. Haviland
Journal: BMJ (1853)

IT will be interesting to those engaged in making observ- ations in that branch of medical science, which may with propriety be termed iatro-metorotogy, to know that the geat Hippocrates anticipated them in their appreciation of its value, as one of the helptes of medicine.They will find in his writings, especially in his "Epidemics", "Apho- risms", and "Airs, Waters, and Places", very many minute meteorological observations in connexion with diseas; and when we consider how deficient he was in those appliances, which modern science has given to us to facilitate our pur- iuits, we cannot but acknowledge the consummate wisdom snd foresight of one, who saw the relation between atmo- spheric changes and disease more than two thousand years ago, and who was nearly, if not quite, as advanced in this department of medical knowledge as the learned of the pre- sent day.Hippocrates says, in the opening paragraph of his treatise Xipt a&, 58dmr, 'r6Wwv,i "Whoever desires properly to in- vestigate the art of medicine, must do thus; First take into considetion the sOes of the year, and how eac is capable of oprtig (on the sysm); for they not only dO not reble each other, but differ widely from one tbe other in the changes (they bring about).Then the o"d and hot winds (must be noted), especiaMly those that ae common to all nations, and then those that are peuliar to any particular district."*His mode of observation, which will be found in the S£rs and third books "nfept M&apsa", was very simple: in thes instances he gave a description of the season oftkreedifferent years, particularised the peculiarities of each season and then concluded with an account of the most remariahlO diseases that prevailed during each.The asemblage of the meteoric phenomena observed during the year, he compried under the term xawrdTurs, which is equivalent to "the state" or "constitution" of the seasons, for instance "-rCG 6pJtv."We will proceed at once to a short detail of these obsrvations, and for the sake of easy reference will place them la a tabular form.e "'b,rp&x*v &tTLS VfXioA@ 6p#o frvbi, '& xo vp,fov pzv b9ujueuaw 'r&S £pas 7ro-&reos, 5 'r' Bvra-r Om ItT( *?q ovy4 Gahtwi7 o.,v), AAA& vouAb 8&a#4povwrv AbMt -re icurviJ Kal iv TSr yunaioAfuLr 11wrra 8& .rarv6Paa 1* **Opi cr ita-M +uXp'-1uAwica Jv vr ucew& wTaJL &Avpdi@WIV.trwesa 3a ctalt v& iv &icrivp xs4pp iwX.
The Removal of Central Venous Silicone Rubber Catheters-Reply
Authors: William B. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The letters of Drs Poliakoff and Powell clearly state that indwelling central venous silicone rubber catheters (eg, Hickman and Broviac) should not be removed by the application of traction at the exit site but rather should be removed surgically by a small incision over the Dacron cuff followed by appropriate limited dissection. Dr Hickman, however, has recommended that the catheters be removed with the application of "firm and steady" traction at the exit site, and that this procedure can be performed without complication in the majority of patients.<sup>1</sup>He recommends surgical removal of the catheter only if traction removal is difficult or if the catheter breaks. The appropriate removal technique would seem to lie somewhere between these two approaches. It would seem unnecessary, in view of the vast experience with traction removal, to resect surgically all indwelling silicone rubber catheters. I feel that surgical removal of retained
Making blood safer
Authors: P. P Mortimer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Until recently it seemed that the United Kingdom's blood services could maintain continuous improvement in blood safety by the progressive introduction of extra screening tests and new procedures. These would, it was hoped, minimise the risk of bloodborne infection without the ongoing supply of volunteer donors' blood being compromised. Today that hope seems vain unless some decisive actions are taken. Not only does allogeneic blood continue to carry general microbial and immunological risks that can never be entirely eliminated, but also there is no way at present to deal with the possibility that a proportion of blood donors in the United Kingdom may turn out to transmit variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. No current test can identify that risk. Even if such a test were to be devised, the time needed to evaluate its specificity, sensitivity, and acceptability would mean that many months, possibly several years, would separate its discovery from its routine application; and once applied it might put great strains on blood procurement in United Kingdom.

The risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, discussed widely in medical journals and in the lay press,1 remains notional, and so far no evidence exists that either the classical or the variant form of the disease can be transmitted by transfusion. Nevertheless, experiments with the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in sheep and mice show that …
Effect of acute systemic hypoxia on vascular permeability and leucocyte adherence in the anaesthetised rat
Authors: R. Mian, J. M Marshall
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Effect of acute systemic hypoxia on vascular permeability and leucocyte adherence in the anaesthetised rat Get access Rubina Mian, Rubina Mian Department of Physiology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom: R Mian, J M Marshall. Correspondence to Dr Mian. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Janice M Marshall Janice M Marshall Department of Physiology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom: R Mian, J M Marshall. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 8, August 1993, Pages 1531–1537, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.8.1531 Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Received: 05 November 1992 Accepted: 04 May 1993 Published: 01 August 1993