tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Potassium Chloride and Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: R. Patterson Russell
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In "Reversible Small-Bowel Obstruction," (Clinical Notes,<i>JAMA</i><b>192</b>:781 [May 31] 1965) the authors present a case "to illustrate that the pathological changes are perhaps not irreversible and that the clinical course may be ameliorated by cessation of therapy without the necessity of surgical intervention." Enteric coated preparations of potassium chloride expose a significant number of patients to an unnecessary and serious risk. Animal studies have repeatedly confirmed that enteric coated potassium chloride usually combined with thiazide diuretics is responsible for ulcerations of the small-bowel. The natural history of these obstructing lesions of the small-bowel is not fully understood or thoroughly documented. Review of the cases of small-bowel ulceration and obstruction operated upon in Baltimore and elsewhere reveals a wide variation in the relationship of symptoms to medication. Patients who perforate have received the medication for a shorter period of time and are usually taking it at
Similarities and Differences Between Models of Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction and Complete Biliary Retention without Obstruction in the Rat
Authors: William G. M. Hardison, Robin G. Weiner, David E. Hatoff, Katsumi Miyai
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Biliary obstruction in the rat causes known biochemical and morphological abnormalities. These abnormalities might be caused simply by retention of biliary constituents or might require other factors such as high biliary pressure, interruption of the normal flux of fluid, ions, and other biliary constituents through the hepatocyte and/or changes in intracellular concentrations, binding, and distribution of biliary constituents. We studied a choledochocaval (CC) fistula rat model characterized by complete biliary retention without bile stasis. CC fistula animals were compared with biliary obstructed rats over a 46-hr period. Bile flow and bile acid excretion rate reached high levels by hour 5 and remained high in CC fistula rats. Urinary bile acid excretion, shrinkage of the rapidly exchangeable bile acid pool, and serum bile acid and bilirubin concentrations were equivalent in the two models. Serum cholesterol concentration was higher and serum alkaline phosphatase and 5′-nucleotidase activities lower in obstructed rats. The percentage of β-muricho-late rose and the percentage of cholate decreased in bile acid from obstructed rats. This was associated with increased microsomal 6 β-hydroxylase activity. Bile acid composition and microsomal 6 β-hydroxylase activity changed little in CC fistula rats. Morphological examination revealed greater damage in obstructed rat livers. These data indicate that factors other than simple retention of biliary constituents contribute to the abnormalities observed in extrahepatic biliary obstruction.
Antioxidants Increase the Ventilatory Response to Hyperoxic Hypercapnia
Authors: Spyros Zakynthinos, Paraskevi Katsaounou, Maria-Helena Karatza, Charis Roussos, Theodoros Vassilakopoulos
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: The mechanisms by which chemoreceptors process carbon dioxide stimuli are poorly understood. Recent in vitro studies suggest a role of reactive oxygen species in central carbon dioxide chemoreception.Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that antioxidant treatment modulates the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in healthy humans, either during unloaded breathing or after strenuous resistive breathing.Methods: In the first experiment of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 14 healthy males completed hyperoxic carbon dioxide rebreathing, received either antioxidants (vitamins E, A, and C for 2 mo, allopurinol for 15 d, and N-acetylcysteine for 3 d) (n = 7) or placebo (n = 7), and repeated rebreathing 3 mo later. In the second experiment, 18 healthy males completed a series of rebreathing tests before and after strenuous resistive breathing. Subjects repeated the same protocol 3 mo later, after they had received antioxidants (n = 9) or placebo (n = 9).Main Results: After antioxidants, the sensitivity of the ventilatory (minute ventilation) response to carbon dioxide increased (mean [± SEM], 3.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.7 ± 0.4 L/min/mm Hg; p < 0.001). Antioxidants also increased the sensitivity to carbon dioxide before and at 5, 30, and 120 min after resistive breathing (p = 0.01). This effect was entirely due to increased tidal volume. Antioxidants did not influence the breathing pattern during resting breathing or the rapid shallow breathing response to carbon dioxide at 5 min after resistive breathing.Conclusions: Antioxidants, by augmenting the tidal volume, increase the sensitivity of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide, either during unloaded breathing or after resistive breathing.
Heberden's nodes and osteoarthrosis of the hip.
Authors: H Yazici
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Heberden's nodes and osteoarthrosis of the hip SIR, I have read the interesting report by McGoldrick and O'Brien studying the relation between the various patterns of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and Heberden's nodes.'Their paper also challenges our earlier report, which found no significant association between osteoarthrosis of the weight bearing joints (hips and knees) and Heberden's nodes in a controlled study.2My main criticism of the McGoldrick and O'Brien paper is that they do not compare like with like.The prevalence and severity of the nodes in their axillary, superomedial, and protrusion groups combined (representing primary OA) is indeed higher than in the congenital dislocation of the hip, dysplasia, and superolateral groups combined (representing secondary OA).On the other hand, the combined female to male ratio is 32/18 among the probands in the first three groups and 15/22 among the probands in the last three groups.As is also pointed out by the authors this represents a clear difference in favour of women in the groups representing primary OA.It is universally acknowledged that Heberden's nodes by themselves are more common among women, regardless of the presence of OA in other joints.Thus it would have been better if the authors had analysed their data by considering the prevalence of the nodes among the two genders separately in order to eliminate the sex bias.
Glucose Concentration in Subcutaneous Extracellular Space
Authors: Frans J Schmidt, Willem J Sluiter, Adelbert JM Schoonen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To compare the subcutaneous glucose sensor measurements with two reference methods. Previous studies provide conflicting findings about the real glucose concentrations in subcutaneous tissue. Some suggest substantially lower concentration, whereas others measure proportionally higher glucose concentrations compared with the blood compartment. Before these results can be taken seriously as an expression of the real glucose concentration in the extracellular space, the measurements must be validated by an independent method. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We applied a microdialysis-based enzyme sensor to measure glucose concentration in subcutaneous tissue. We also developed two reference methods: subcutaneous filtrate collection and an equilibration method using ultrafiltration membranes to support the earlier findings. We provided an anatomical model to explain the results. RESULTS The mean overall intercellular filtrate glucose concentration, sampled with the filtrate collector and taken after a 6-h stabilization time, including the values during the glucose clamp period, was 46 ± 9%. The mean subcutaneous glucose concentration measured with the glucose sensor, calibrated in vitro, was 44 ± 8% of the mean venous blood glucose concentration. Mean overall intercellular equilibrate glucose concentration, i.e., the mean glucose concentration in the subcutaneous extracellular space, taken after a 4-h stabilization time, was 46 ± 15% of the mean venous blood glucose concentration. CONCLUSIONS The close agreement between the mean values of subcutaneous glucose concentrations, obtained with three independent methods— filtration, equilibration, and dialysis (sensor)— shows the real glucose concentration in subcutaneous interstitial fluid is — 50% the blood glucose value in normal humans. Our results clarify some of the conflicting evidence presented in previous studies.
Abortions and gynaecological practice.
Authors: D. H. Soltau, W. J. Baker
Journal: BMJ (1969)

tunity class for handicapped children which attempts to remedy this shortage here in Stevenage.The class is founded upon three aims; to provide nursery facilities for handicapped children; to enable handicapped children to mix with normal children; and to enable mothers to meet at the same time, yet apart from their children.Children with any form or degree of handicap are welcome.
Modulation of procollagen gene expression by retinoids. Inhibition of collagen production by retinoic acid accompanied by reduced type I procollagen messenger ribonucleic acid levels in human skin fibroblast cultures.
Authors: H Oikarinen, A I Oikarinen, E M Tan, R P Abergel, C A Meeker, M L Chu, D J Prockop, J Uitto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Recent clinical observations have suggested that retinoids, which are in frequent use in dermatology, can affect the connective tissue metabolism in skin and other tissues. In this study, we examined the effects of several retinoids on the metabolism of collagen by human skin fibroblasts in culture. Incubation of cultured fibroblasts with all-trans-retinoic acid or 13-cis-retinoic acid, in 10(-5) M or higher concentrations, markedly reduced the procollagen production, as measured by synthesis of radioactive hydroxyproline. The effect was selective in that little, if any, inhibition was noted in the incorporation of [3H]leucine into the noncollagenous proteins, when the cells were incubated with the retinoids in 10(-5) M concentration. Similar reduction in procollagen production was noted with retinol and retinal, whereas an aromatic analogue of retinoic acid ethyl ester (RO-10-9359) resulted in a slight increase in procollagen production in these cultures. The reduction in procollagen production by all-trans-retinoic acid was accompanied by a similar reduction in pro alpha 2(I) of type I procollagen specific messenger RNA (mRNA), as detected by dot blot and Northern blot hybridizations. Hybridizations with human fibronectin and beta-actin specific DNA probes indicated that the levels of the corresponding mRNAs were not affected by the retinoids, further suggesting selectivity in the inhibition of procollagen gene expression. Further control experiments indicated that all-trans-retinoic acid, under the culture conditions employed, did not affect the posttranslational hydroxylation of prolyl residues, the mannosylation of newly synthesized procollagen, the specific radioactivity of the intracellular prolyltransfer RNA pool, or DNA replication. All-trans-retinoic acid also elicited a reduction in trypsin-activatable collagenase, but not in the activity of prolyl hydroxylase or an elastaselike neutral protease in the fibroblast cultures. Incubation of three fibroblast lines established from human keloids with all-trans-retinoic acid or 13-cis-retinoic acid also resulted in a marked reduction in procollagen production. The results, therefore, suggest that further development of retinoids might provide a novel means of modulating collagen gene expression in patients with various diseases affecting the connective tissues.
Conservation and divergence of transcriptomic and epigenomic variation in maize hybrids
Authors: Guangming He, Beibei Chen, Xuncheng Wang, Xueyong Li, Jigang Li, Hang He, Mei Yang, Lu Lu, Yijun Qi, Xiping Wang, Xing Wang Deng
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

Recent genome-wide studies suggested that in addition to genetic variations, epigenetic variations may also be associated with differential gene expression and growth vigor in plant hybrids. Maize is an ideal model system for the study of epigenetic variations in hybrids given the significant heterotic performance, the well-known complexity of the genome, and the rich history in epigenetic studies. However, integrated comparative transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses in different organs of maize hybrids remain largely unexplored.Here, we generated integrated maps of transcriptomes and epigenomes of shoots and roots of two maize inbred lines and their reciprocal hybrids, and globally surveyed the epigenetic variations and their relationships with transcriptional divergence between different organs and genotypes. We observed that whereas histone modifications vary both between organs and between genotypes, DNA methylation patterns are more distinguishable between genotypes than between organs. Histone modifications were associated with transcriptomic divergence between organs and between hybrids and parents. Further, we show that genes up-regulated in both shoots and roots of hybrids were significantly enriched in the nucleosome assembly pathway. Interestingly, 22- and 24-nt siRNAs were shown to be derived from distinct transposable elements, and for different transposable elements in both shoots and roots, the differences in siRNA activity between hybrids and patents were primarily driven by different siRNA species.These results suggest that despite variations in specific genes or genomic loci, similar mechanisms may account for the genome-wide epigenetic regulation of gene activity and transposon stability in different organs of maize hybrids.
Swelling of the temporal region: a case of benign masticatory muscle hypertrophy
Authors: M. GNIADECKA, K. WEISMANN, M. HERNING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

A 35-year-old Caucasian woman had bilateral indolent swelling of the temporal regions. Imaging studies with nuclear magnetic resonance, ultrasonography and histopathological investigation revealed enlargement of the temporal and masseter muscles, with no pathology in the skin or subcutaneous tissue. A small prolactinoma of the pituitary gland was incidentally found. The condition, designated benign masticatory muscle hypertrophy, should be distinguished from similar diseases affecting the skin and the subcutaneous tissue of the scalp. The cause remains unknown.
Effect of Diet on Serum Lipoproteins in a Population with a High Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Christian Ehnholm, Jussi K. Huttunen, Pirjo Pietinen, Ulla Leino, Marja Mutanen, Ella Kostiainen, Jarmo Pikkarainen, Rita Dougherty, James Iacono, Pekka Puska
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The population of North Karelia, a county in Finland, has a high rate of coronary heart disease. It also has a high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, but whether this reflects a diet rich in animal fats or is a result of genetic factors is unclear. We studied the effect on serum lipoproteins of a low-fat diet with a high ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in 54 middle-aged volunteers in North Karelia. Total serum cholesterol decreased, from 263 +/- 8 mg per deciliter (mean +/- S.E.) to 201 +/- 5 mg in men (P less than 0.0001) and from 239 +/- 8 to 188 +/- 8 mg in women (P less than 0.0001), along with low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein B. High-density lipoprotein decreased from 54 +/- 2 mg per deciliter to 44 +/- 2 in men (P less than 0.0001) and from 56 +/- 3 to 47 +/- 2 mg in women (P less than 0.0001). A small but significant reduction occurred in serum apoprotein A-I, whereas apoprotein A-II increased slightly. The individual changes in low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol correlated with those in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. The changes in serum lipids and apoproteins were reversed when the participants returned to their original diets. Our results suggest that the hypercholesterolemia characteristic of this population is due at least in part to dietary factors.
The Olympus EVIS LUCERA Variable Indices of Haemoglobin Chart Function: a Novel Technique for Establishing the Completeness of Vascular Mucosal Ablation in Colonic Angiodysplasia
Authors: D. P. Hurlstone, M. Karageh, D. S. Sanders
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Grant support for this publication was received from the Smith and Nephew Research Foundation, the BRET Research Foundation, a Butterfield award from the Great Britain Sasakawa Foundation, and the Mason Medical Research Foundation.
Impact of maternal nativity on the prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy among U.S. ethnic groups.
Authors: E C Kieffer, J A Martin, W H Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the impact of maternal nativity (birthplace) on the overall prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy and among 15 racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Birth certificate data for all resident single live births in the U.S. from 1994 to 1996 were used to calculate reported diabetes prevalence during pregnancy and to assess the impact of maternal birthplace outside of the 50 states and Washington, DC, on the risk of diabetes before and after adjustment for differences in maternal age, other sociodemographic characteristics, and late or no initiation of prenatal care overall and for each racial and ethnic group. RESULTS: Mothers born outside of the U.S. are significantly more likely to have diabetes during pregnancy. The impact of maternal nativity on diabetes prevalence is largely explained by the older childbearing age of immigrant mothers. However, adjusted diabetes risk remains elevated for Asian-Indian, non-Hispanic black, Filipino, Puerto Rican, and Central and South American mothers who were born outside the U.S. Conversely, birthplace outside the U.S. significantly reduces diabetes risk for Japanese, Mexican, and Native American women. CONCLUSIONS: Identification, treatment, and follow-up of immigrant mothers with diabetes during pregnancy may require special attention to language and sociocultural barriers to effective care. Systematic surveillance of the prevalence and impact of diabetes during pregnancy for immigrant and nonimmigrant women, particularly in racial and ethnic minority groups, and more detailed studies on the impact of acculturation on diabetes may increase understanding of the epidemiology of diabetes during pregnancy in our increasingly diverse society.
Quantitation of Mitral Regurgitation by Constant Infusion of Xenon-133
Authors: JOHN E. MORCH, H. JAMES SMITH, MAURICE MCGREGOR
Journal: Circulation (1967)

A method for the accurate quantitation of mitral regurgitation in man was described and tested in 23 patients. The technique involves a constant infusion of xenon-133 into the left ventricle for 2 minutes. Left atrial and arterial samples must be withdrawn after constant concentration is achieved and before recirculation reaches high values. It was shown that concentration of indicator at both sample sites was constant by 60 seconds from the onset of infusion and that at 60 and 120 seconds left atrial concentration would rise on the average to 2.3 and 4.3% arterial concentration, respectively, as a result of recirculation. It could be demonstrated by altering the left atrial sample site that error due to incomplete mixing in the left atrium might average 2% and would be unlikely to exceed 7%. Values for cardiac output and regurgitant flow and regurgitant fraction, measured between 60 and 120 seconds, were relatively constant in any one patient. Regurgitant fraction varied from 1 to 84% of blood leaving the left ventricle in systole in different patients and there was good correlation with clinical and angiocardiographic estimates of severity of regurgitation.
ONE-YEAR OUTCOME OF SMALL-VESSEL DISEASE TREATED WITH SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS: A SUBGROUP ANALYSIS OF THE E-SELECT REGISTRY
Authors: Runlin Gao, Alexander Abizaid, Adrian Banning, Antonio. L. Bartorelli, Vladimír Džavík, Stephen Ellis, David Holmes, Myung Ho Jeong, Victor Legrand, Franz-Josef Neumann, Christian Spaulding, Stephen Worthley, Philip Urban
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Challenging and Unusual Cases
Authors: C. Featherstone, R. Scolyer, G. Hruby, M. Tin, E.J. Wills, P.N. Hendel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.03.115 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12663739 Challenging and Unusual Cases CASE 4. MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA PRESENTING AS AN ANTERIOR MEDIASTINAL MASS C. FeatherstonexC. FeatherstoneSearch for articles by this author , R. ScolyerxR. ScolyerSearch for articles by this author , G. HrubyxG. HrubySearch for articles by this author , M. TinxM. TinSearch for articles by this author , E.J. WillsxE.J. WillsSearch for articles by this author , P.N. HendelxP.N. HendelSearch for articles by this author Show More Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.03.115 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
<i>In vitro</i> Transcriptome Analysis of Two Chinese Isolates of <i>Streptococcus Suis</i> Serotype 2
Authors: Dake Zhang, Nan Du, Sufang Ma, Qingtao Hu, Guangwen Lu, Wei Chen, Changqing Zeng
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

The Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) isolates 05ZYH33 and 98HAH33 have caused severe human infections in China. Using a strand-specific RNA-seq analysis, we compared the in vitro transcriptomes of these two Chinese isolates with that of a reference strain (P1/7). In the 89K genomic island that is specific to these Chinese isolates, a toxin-antitoxin system showed relatively high levels of transcription among the S. suis. The known virulence factors with high transcriptional activity in these two highly-pathogenic strains are mainly involved in adhesion, biofilm formation, hemolysis and the synthesis and transport of the outer membrane protein. Furthermore, our analysis of novel transcripts identified over 50 protein-coding genes with one of them encoding a toxin protein. We also predicted over 30 small RNAs (sRNAs) in each strain, and most of them are involved in riboswitches. We found that six sRNA candidates that are related to bacterial virulence, including cspA and rli38, are specific to Chinese isolates. These results provide insight into the factors responsible for the difference in virulence among the different S. suis 2 isolates.
CHEILITIS FROM SENSITIVITY TO OIL OF CINNAMON PRESENT IN BUBBLE GUM
Authors: Jerome Miller
Journal: JAMA (1941)

This case is being presented because of its unusual predilection and interesting etiology. It is a case of contact-type hypersensitivity involving the mucous membrane of the lips and is due not to direct contact with the agent per se but with the vapors of the oil. P. I., a woman aged 25, was referred to me because of a cheilitis of six months' duration. At the time there was thought to be some relationship between the patient's fur coat and her symptoms, a fact which subsequently proved to be erroneous. The eruption when first seen presented a swelling and mild erythema about the lips. The lips themselves were swollen, rough, fissured and scaly, and the patient complained of an itching and burning sensation. Closest scrutiny did not reveal the presence of vesicles. The lesions did not occur elsewhere on the body. She had been treated previously with various local topical