tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Robert Koch and the cholera vibrio: a centenary.
Authors: N Howard-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Understanding embryonic stem cell (ESC) fate decision between self-renewal and proper differentiation is important for developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Attentions have focused on underlying mechanisms involving histone modifications (HMs), alternative pre-mRNA splicing (AS), and cell-cycle progression. However, their intricate interrelations and joint contributions to ESC fate decision remain unclear. We performed integrative analyses on transcriptomic and epigenomic data derived from human ESC (hESC) and five types of differentiated cells. We identified thousands of AS exons and revealed their development- and lineage-dependent characterizations. Following the observation that dynamic HM changes predominantly occur in AS exons upon hESCs differentiation, we identified 3 of 16 investigated HMs (H3K36me3, H3K27ac, and H4K8ac) that are strongly associated with 52.8% of hESC differentiation-related AS events. Further analyses showed that the HM-associated AS genes predominantly function in G2/M phases and ATM/ATR-mediated DNA damage response pathway for cell differentiation, whereas HM-unassociated AS genes enrich in G1 phase and pathways for self-renewal. These results imply a potential epigenetic mechanism by which some HMs contribute to ESC fate decision through the AS regulation of specific pathways and cell-cycle genes. We exemplified the potential mechanism by a cell cycle-related transcription factor, PBX1, which regulates the pluripotency regulatory network by binding to NANOG. We found that the isoform switch between <i>PBX1a</i> and <i>PBX1b</i> is strongly associated with H3K36me3 alteration and implicated in hESC fate determination. Supported by extended dataset from Roadmap/ENCODE projects, we identified the alternative splicing of PBX1 as a novel candidate linking H3K36me3 to embryonic stem cell fate decision.
Intramyocardial distribution of hydroquinidine in the dog
Authors: M FERRIERE, J P. SELLES, G PANIS, R PANIS, I LACHERETZ, J SEGUIN, H JABER, J P DAURES, C GORGET
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Hydroquinidine concentrations were measured simultaneously in the plasma and in right atrial and ventricular biopsy samples of four dogs in the steady state after eight days of oral sustained release hydroquinidine administration. The right ventricular concentrations were greater than the plasma concentrations in all samples (ratio 5.02(2.2)). In necropsy samples the ventricular concentrations were higher than the atrial concentrations, (ratio 1.54(0.36); p less than 0.01) and than the concentration in the sinus node region (7.72(1.85) ng.g-1 vs 4.21(2.6) ng.g-1). This study shows that intramyocardial pharmacokinetic measurements are possible and may help towards a better understanding of antiarrhythmic agents, particularly those with cumulative myocardial effect.
Asbestos induces apoptosis of human and rabbit pleural mesothelial cells via reactive oxygen species.
Authors: V C Broaddus, L Yang, L M Scavo, J D Ernst, A M Boylan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Mesothelial cells, the progenitor cell of the asbestos-induced tumor mesothelioma, are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of asbestos, although the molecular mechanisms by which asbestos induces injury in mesothelial cells are not known. We asked whether asbestos induced apoptosis in mesothelial cells and whether reactive oxygen species were important. Pleural mesothelial cells (rabbit or human) were exposed to asbestos (crocidolite, amosite, or chrysotile) or control particles at moderate doses (1-10 microg/cm2) over 24 h and evaluated for oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation, loss of membrane phospholipid asymmetry, and nuclear condensation. Asbestos fibers, not control particles, induced apoptosis in mesothelial cells by all assays and induction of apoptosis was dose dependent for all types of asbestos, with crocidolite (5 microg/cm2) inducing 15.0+/-1.1% (mean+/-SE; n = 12) apoptosis versus control particles < 4%. Apoptosis induced by asbestos, but not by actinomycin D, was inhibited by extracellular catalase, superoxide dismutase in the presence of catalase, hypoxia (8% oxygen), deferoxamine, 3-aminobenzamide [an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase], and cytochalasin B. Only catalase and cytochalasin B decreased fiber uptake. We conclude that asbestos induces apoptosis in mesothelial cells via reactive oxygen species. Escape from this pathway could allow the abnormal survival of mesothelial cells with asbestos-induced mutations.
Possible Precipitation of Petit Mal Seizures With Piperazine Citrate
Authors: Laurance N. Nickey
Journal: JAMA (1966)

SALTS OF PIPERAZINE have been used widely throughout the world since about 1950 for the treatment of helminthic infestations. Piperazine citrate (Antepar) has been in use for the past 12 years in the United States primarily as a vermifuge in the therapy of<i>Enterobius vermicularis</i>(pinworm, seatworm) and<i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>(roundworm, eelworm). Only recently has the literature revealed that piperazine is potentially neurotoxic when given in regulated therapeutic dosage. There have been no reports of petit mal seizures brought on by therapeutic piperazine therapy. It will then be the purpose of this communication to show possible causal relationship between a well regulated patient with petit mal seizures, and the recurrence of such seizures with institution of piperazine on two occasions. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient, a white girl, was first seen on June 8, 1961, at age 9 years and 6 months. She was considered in good health until
Uterine Inversion and Cord Traction
Authors: T. E. Torbet
Journal: BMJ (1964)

in the global sum from which dentists are paid.At the present time particularly, when honest dentists are being otherwise harried and frus- trated by the regulations, this would be a lot to expect, to say the least.As the regulation fees stand, it is not difficult to be paid £40 in a week-but this involves organizing lists, and providing a service, of value to the dentists and not unpleasant to the patient.(b) The present techniques are inadequate.This is also bo h true and untrue.It would be true if an adequate technique were required to be " foolproof "; but I hope that such a requisite is not being demanded.But it is not true if it suggests that there is any limit on out-patient dental surgery, apart from the degree of opera- tive trauma.
Sex Tied to Drugs = STD Spread
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1988)

"THE CRACK HOUSE of today has become what the gay bathhouse was yesterday with regard to all sexually transmitted diseases," says the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) director of the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Willard Cates, Jr, MD, MPH, speaking at the 1988 STD National Conference in Boston, drew this analogy to help explain the dramatic recent rise in syphilis and other STDs among heterosexuals (<i>MMWR</i>1988;37:486-489 and<i>JAMA</i>1988;260: 1533-1534 [LEADS FROM THE MMWR]). While the incidence of STDs among homosexual males has dropped sharply in the past few years and continues to decrease as a result of behavioral changes attributable to the advent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), there is an ongoing rise in such disease, particularly among certain segments of the heterosexual population, to a level unseen here in almost 40 years. Even as transmission continues for all the well-recognized reasons, Cates said, CDC epidemiologists
Ruptured Gastric Ulcer in an Eleven-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Charlotte Bansmer, John R. Fox, Edmund R. Clarke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE occurrence of peptic ulcer in children is now widely appreciated.1 2 3 4 5 6 However, the frequency of perforation, the presenting symptoms and the differential diagnosis are not so well documented as in adults.6 7 8 9 10 A review of the literature indicates that perforation is a rare but not unknown complication. As in many conditions in the pediatric age group, the presenting symptoms are neither consistent nor logical from case to case. The best diagnostic aid is a high index of suspicion in obscure cases of abdominal pain and peritoneal irritation. Objective confirmation is best obtained by films taken in the standing and lateral recumbent . . .
CDKN2A/p16 Inactivation Mechanisms and Their Relationship to Smoke Exposure and Molecular Features in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kit W. Tam, Wei Zhang, Junichi Soh, Victor Stastny, Min Chen, Han Sun, Kelsie Thu, Jonathan J. Rios, Chenchen Yang, Crystal N. Marconett, Suhaida. A. Selamat, Ite A. Laird-Offringa, Ayumu Taguchi, Samir Hanash, David Shames, Xiaotu Ma, Michael Q. Zhang, Wan L. Lam, Adi Gazdar
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Abstract P6-12-09: A Phase I-II Trial of Dasatinib (D) in Combination with Weekly (w) Paclitaxel (P) for Patients (Pts) with Metastatic Breast Carcinoma (MBC)
Authors: PG Morris, A Abbruzzi, G D'Andrea, T Gilewski, D Lake, J Bromberg, C Dang, M Dickler, S Modi, AD Seidman, N Sklarin, J Chang, S Patil, L Norton, CA Hudis, MN. Fornier
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Inhibition of SRC is a novel approach for MBC. D is an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, including the SRC family. Pre-clinical data show D inhibits multiple breast cancer cell lines, including those of “basal-like” subtype. In preclinical models D + P had superior antitumor activity to either agent alone. We designed this phase I-II study to translate this observation. Methods: For phase I: pts with MBC, ECOG PS 0-1, normal hepatic, renal, marrow function were eligible. Pts with pleural/pericardial effusions were excluded. For phase II: pts had measurable, HER2-negative MBC, ≥2 prior rx for MBC. Prior taxanes, stable brain metastases and baseline neuropathy grade ≥1 were allowed. Cycle (C) consisted of wP 80 mg/m2 IV 3/4 weeks + D 70mg orally daily; escalating to 100 mg, 120 mg and 150 mg in cohorts of 3pts. Toxicity was assessed by CTCAE v3.0, response by RECIST. Results: 17 pts enrolled (15 phase I; 2 phase II); median age 54 (range 35-74), median PS=1 (range 0-1). 12 (71%) pts rcvd prior adjuvant chemoRx. Pts rcvd a median of 3 prior rx for MBC (range 0-12). Pts rcvd median of 2 C of D + P (range 1-14). One DLT occurred at 150mg (G3 fatigue); this cohort was expanded with no further DLTs. However 3 pts on this dose level withdrew;1 pt delayed hypersensitivity rash (grade 1), 1 pt febrile neutropenia (grade 3), 1 pt paclitaxel pneumonitis (grade 3). Therefore the phase II dose is D 120mg. Overall the most common toxicities have been hematologic and low G (table). 13 pts are assessable for response; 4 patients (31%) had a PR, including 3 patients previously treated with taxanes. 5 pts (29%) had stable disease. Toxicities &amp;gt; Grade 1 Conclusion: Treatment with wP and D is feasible in pts with MBC. In the phase I study, 1 DLT occurred at D 150mg but due to cumulative toxicities the recommended dose for the ongoing phase II study is 120mg. Preliminary evidence of activity has been seen in taxane-pretreated pts at the phase II dose. Identification of biomarkers to select appropriate pts for this therapeutic approach is the subject of ongoing correlative studies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-12-09.
Altered brain microRNA biogenesis contributes to phenotypic deficits in a 22q11-deletion mouse model
Authors: Kimberly L Stark, Bin Xu, Anindya Bagchi, Wen-Sung Lai, Hui Liu, Ruby Hsu, Xiang Wan, Paul Pavlidis, Alea A Mills, Maria Karayiorgou, Joseph A Gogos
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
The Postextrasystolic Murmur Response to Gradient in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: DAVID S. KRAMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Fourteen patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 40 with aortic stenosis, and 4 with discrete subaortic stenosis had phonocardiograms during left heart catheterization that showed changes in the magnitude of the murmur in response to increases in the postextrasystolic gradient. All patients showed increases in the gradient of the left ventricular outflow tract during the postextrasystolic beat. Of the 44 patients with aortic stenosis and discrete subaortic stenosis, 42 (95%) had increases in murmur magnitude, in contrast to 9 (64%) of 14 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Only 2 of 7 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and resting gradients of more than 25 mm Hg had murmur increases. Our study shows that the systolic murmur in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, unlike the outflow tract murmur in aortic stenosis or discrete subaortic stenosis, does not track consistently with the magnitude of the outflow tract gradient.
Therapeutic drug monitoring-based dose optimisation of piperacillin and meropenem: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jan J. De Waele, S. Carrette, M. Carlier, V. Stove, J. Boelens, G. Claeys, I. Leroux-Roels, E. Hoste, P. Depuydt, J. Decruyenaere, A. G. Verstraete
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Effects of air pollution and other environmental factors on birch pollen allergens
Authors: M. L. Helander, J. Savolainen, J. Ahlholm
Journal: Allergy (1997)

To determine the effects of anthropogenic pollution on water‐soluble proteins and specifically allergens in birch ( Betula pendula and B. pubescens ) pollen, we analyzed extracts of pollen from the pollution gradient around a factory complex (emitting sulfur oxides and heavy metals) by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) ‐ polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and IgE immunoblotting. In addition, tree density‐associated shading of the tree habitat, and quantity and quality of proteins and allergens in pollen of the two birch species were studied. The two studied birch species gave identical allergen profiles even though their protein profiles differed. Distance from the factory did not affect the amount of birch pollen major allergen. Bet v 1 (17 kDa), or of two other strong allergens (23 and 36 kDa). Trees growing in shaded places had significantly stronger responses to Bet v 1 and to the 23‐kDa allergen than trees growing in open or half‐open environments. Thus, we propose that combined heavy metal and sulfur dioxide pollution does not have an important effect on birch pollen allergens. Instead, other factors, e.g., shading and soil properties of the tree habitat, as well as the genetic background of the tree, may have a stronger influence on the quantity and relative composition of allergens.
Letter: "Nasal FEV".
Authors: G Taylor, D L Freed
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Drug-precipitated Acute Attacks of Gout SIR,-Though there has been little discussion about drug precipitation of acute atitacks of gout, it is known that diureftics such as hydrochlorothiazide, ethacrynic acid, and frusemide indiuce hyperuricaemia and thus precipitate acute attacks.'Among the other drugs implicated are pyrazinamide, niacin, pempidine, alcohol, mecamylamine, and salicylates if the dose is less than 4 g per day.2It would be of interest, therefore, to add a little to ,this list, seeing that the incidence of gout in Asians is much higher than was formerly thought.2
Occupational risk for cytomegalovirus, but not for parvovirus B19 in child-care personnel in France
Authors: Agathe Billette de Villemeur, Bénédicte Gratacap-Cavallier, Romain Casey, Monique Baccard-Longère, Laurence Goirand, Jean-Marie Seigneurin, Patrice Morand
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Condoms and Sexually-Transmitted Infections
Authors: Markus J. Steiner, Willard Cates
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Polarization of opinion about condoms may finally be starting to abate, as scientific evidence mounts that their use can reduce the risk of most sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In the past, proponents of condom use were often pitted against those arguing that the best way to ensure 100 percent protection against sexually transmitted infections was to abstain from sexual intercourse until marriage and then to refrain from extramarital sex. Certainly, the latter approach would offer 100 percent protection if everyone adhered to it. Fortunately, common ground is now being reached, as it becomes clearer that . . .
Reduced platelet adhesion to titanium metal coated with apatite, albumin–apatite composite or laminin–apatite composite
Authors: Masaki Uchida, Atsuo Ito, Katsuko S. Furukawa, Keigo Nakamura, Yuji Onimura, Ayako Oyane, Takashi Ushida, Takashi Yamane, Tamotsu Tamaki, Tetsuya Tateishi
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis
Authors: Sheila Sherlock
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Chronic hepatitis is defined as diffuse chronic liver disease existing for at least 6 months. Cirrhosis is a sequel. It is of multiple etiology. Liver biopsy is essential for diagnosis and prognosis. Hepatitis B-related chronic hepatitis is slowly progressive. Corticosteroid therapy is disappointing. Current antiviral therapy converts the hepatitis B e antigen-positive patient to anti-HBe in about 50%. Non-A, non-B virus hepatitis-related chronic hepatitis suffers from lack of a diagnostic marker. No current therapy is of proven benefit. Autoimmune lupoid chronic active hepatitis presents a very active biochemical and immunological picture. Prednisolone therapy prolongs life but does not prevent the development of cirrhosis. Drug-related liver disease is recognized by its associations. Recovery follows withdrawal of the drug. Deaths often follow continuation of the drug. Indications of progression to a terminal state with likelihood of less than a 6-month survival are detailed. These are helpful in deciding on hepatic transplantation before the patient becomes moribund.
The Timing and Choice of Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: John R. Brooks
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The most important factor contributing to morbidity following operation in this series of 55 cases of ulcerative colitis was sepsis, which occurred in 30 of the cases. There were four postoperative deaths in the series and three of these were attributable to sepsis. Adrenal steroid therapy for ulcerative colitis has in many cases produced remissions or allowed patients to be operated on in a chronic rather than an acute phase of their disease. However, prolonged use of steroids has also caused harmful procrastination of surgery in many instances. This procrastination can result in poorer candidates for surgery and resulting prolonged convalescence following surgery. Patients with acute ulcerative colitis not showing improvement following ten days to two weeks of steroid therapy should be operated on.
STUDIES IN THE SEROLOGY OF SYPHILIS
Authors: Harry Eagle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

The substance in syphilitic serum which is responsible for the Wassermann reaction, like that which determines the diagnostic flocculation tests, is associated with the globulin fraction of serum. Every positive Wassermann is accompanied by microscopic (or submicroscopic) aggregation, which is not an essential feature of the reaction; conversely, after every positive flocculation test, the washed precipitate will fix complement. An excess of antigen removes both flocculating and complement-fixing substances completely (&amp;gt;95 per cent). Heating the lipoid-reagin precipitate to 100° for 1 minute destroys the sensitizing film of reagin globulin; the avidity for complement disappears simultaneously. Both the flocculating and complement-fixing properties of syphilitic serum are therefore determined by the same substance, a specifically altered fraction of the serum globulin, reagin. The Wassermann reaction is thus entirely analogous to complement fixation by any antigen-antibody complex. The same film of denatured serum globulin which sensitizes the antigen particles, whether red cells, bacteria, protein, or colloidal lipoid particles, to discharge and aggregation by electrolytes, also endows them with an avidity for complement. The pathogenesis of reagin will be discussed in a forthcoming paper.
Manganese-Enhanced MRI Reveals Early-Phase Radiation-Induced Cell Alterations <i>In Vivo</i>
Authors: Shigeyoshi Saito, Sumitaka Hasegawa, Aiko Sekita, Rumiana Bakalova, Takako Furukawa, Kenya Murase, Tsuneo Saga, Ichio Aoki
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

For tumor radiotherapy, the in vivo detection of early cellular responses is important for predicting therapeutic efficacy. Mn(2+) is used as a positive contrast agent in manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) and is expected to behave as a mimic of Ca(2+) in many biologic systems. We conducted in vitro and in vivo MRI experiments with Mn(2+) to investigate whether MEMRI can be used to detect cell alterations as an early-phase tumor response after radiotherapy. Colon-26 cells or a subcutaneously grafted colon-26 tumor model were irradiated with 20 Gy of X-rays. One day after irradiation, a significant augmentation of G2-M-phase cells, indicating a cell-cycle arrest, was observed in the irradiated cells in comparison with the control cells, although both early and late apoptotic alterations were rarely observed. The MEMRI signal in radiation-exposed tumor cells (R1: 0.77 ± 0.01 s(-1)) was significantly lower than that in control cells (R1: 0.82 ± 0.01 s(-1)) in vitro. MEMRI signal reduction was also observed in the in vivo tumor model 24 hours after irradiation (R1 of radiation: 0.97 ± 0.02 s(-1), control: 1.10 ± 0.02 s(-1)), along with cell-cycle and proliferation alterations identified with immunostaining (cyclin D1 and Ki-67). Therefore, MEMRI after tumor radiotherapy was successfully used to detect cell alterations as an early-phase cellular response in vitro and in vivo.
Athletics and Health
Authors: Dudley B. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1913)

expiration of the five inimités, when otherwise 1 might lie and count the strokes of the clock for hours.For many years it has been my custom to instruct anemic and nervous patients to practice the method for five or ten minutes on first lying down at night, without explaining the reason further than to say Mat it would expand the chest.It may also be practiced when sitting at a desk or reclining in an easy chair, and it really does oxygenate the blood and improve the breathing capacity of the chest.
Depression in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Stuart McIntyre Finch
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This multiauthor book deals with the complex problem of depression or, as some would say, "depressive equivalent" in children and adolescents. One of its basic questions is on the relationship, or lack of it, between depression in adults and in youths. It also questions how the different types and degrees of adult depressions fit with syndromes found in children and adolescents. The book begins with a chapter by Dr French that looks at the literature pertaining to both childhood and adult depressions. There follow chapters on "A Psychobiological View of Depression in Childhood" and psychodynamics. "The Mirror of Experience" stresses the generational repetition involved in depression. Another chapter is particularly aimed at the problems of today's adolescents and why and how they may succumb to depression, including the use of drugs and alcohol; closely related is "Object Removal and Adolescent Depression." There is a chapter on treatment of the depressed
Where is the forest? Where is the dream?
Authors: Ramon Greenberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

In this commentary I discuss the importance of considering the isomorphism between the full richness of dreams and the great body of information about REM sleep that is amply documented in the five target articles. With this inclusive mode I point out the importance of looking at REM sleep as involving both pontine and cortical activity in an integrated network. We cannot have a full appreciation of sleep and dreaming (view of the forest) without taking both physiology and mental activity seriously. [Hobson et al., Nielsen, Revonsuo, Solms, Vertes &amp; Eastman]