tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mushroom-worker's lung.
Authors: A. Sakula
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MEDICAL JOUSin untreated cases.The association between lympho-prolifera- tive disorders and the prominence of these regions of the chromosomes which are peculiarly sensitive to alteration by the action of certain chemical agents may have some relevance to the choice of drugs to be used in treatment. SummaryThe characteristics of the circulating lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease have been investigated in 20 patients.The methods used were (1) in vitro response to phytohaemagglutinin and (2) chromosome analysis.Transfoarmation Studies.-The percentage of the lymphocytes that transformed morphologically after stimulation with phyto- haemagglutinin varied between less than 1 and 56 (normal con- trols 36-60%,b).The depression of response was correlated to some extent with the severity of the disease.In some instances a low transformation score was associated with total lympho- penia.The depression of response did not appear to depend on current or previous treatment.It was concluded that the deficiency in response is one of the manifestations of the disease.Chromosome Studies.-Mitoticyields were often low, but better results were obtained with suspension cultures than with microcultures.Most of the aneuploid cells, or cells with anomalous chromosomes, which we observed could be attri- buted to the effects of treatment.The frequency of radiation damage was within expected limits as compared with patients irradiated for other diseases.An increased frequency of con- strictions in the C9 chromosome and the occasional exaggera- tion of this constriction was observed.This represents a modi- fication of a feature present in normal cells and is by no means specific to Hodgkin's disease, since it has been observed in lymphoid cells in cases of other malignant lymphomas and in plasmocytoma.The studies gave no indication of the circulation of a popula- tion of chromosomally abnormal lymphocytes, the majority of cells analysed having a normal chromosome complement.
A Progress Report on a Prospective Randomised Trial of Open and Robotic Prostatectomy
Authors: Robert A. Gardiner, Geoffrey D. Coughlin, John W. Yaxley, Nigel T. Dunglison, Stefano Occhipinti, Sandra J. Younie, Rob C. Carter, Scott G. Williams, Robyn J. Medcraft, Hema M. Samaratunga, Joanna L. Perry-Keene, Diane J. Payton, Martin F. Lavin, Suzanne K. Chambers
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Radiotherapy in breast reconstruction is mostly safe
Authors: Martin J Rolles
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Modified Mediterranean diet and survival Evidence for diet linked longevity is substantialEditor-The EPIC-elderly cohort study was designed to investigate the association between a modified Mediterranean diet and longer life expectancy among an elderly subpopulation (older than 60) that is part of the larger EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) cohort. 1 2 Focusing the attention on a sample with a more restricted age range seems to reinforce previous findings on diet linked longevity, but important risk factors were not taken into account in collecting the data.Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure are well known determinants of cardiovascular disease.The study's outcomes are expressed in term of mortality, and cardiovascular disease remains the most important of all causes of death.The benefits of a healthy eating pattern with respect to these variables have been shown. 3he same might not be sustained if the total EPIC cohort were considered (aged 20-85). 2 Have the authors considered any possible statistical gain from including these risk factors in the analysis when considering the younger subgroup?We believe that the conclusions for participants older than 60 are stronger if the risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women after the menopause is considered.In a world in which people eat mainly processed foods that are rich in saturated fats, the analysis is a warning to adopt a healthier dietary pattern and, broadly, lifestyle changes.
Summary of carcinogenic potency and positivity for 492 rodent carcinogens in the carcinogenic potency database.
Authors: L S Gold, T H Slone, L Bernstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

A tabulation of carcinogenic potency (TD50) by species for 492 chemicals that induce tumors in rats or mice is presented. With the use of the Carcinogenic Potency Database, experimental results are summarized by indicating in which sex-species groups the chemical was tested and the respective evaluations of carcinogenicity. A comparison of three summary measures of TD50 for chemicals with more than one positive experiment per species shows that the most potent TD50 value is similar to measures that average values or functions of values. This tabulation can be used to investigate associations between rodent potency and other factors such as mutagenicity, teratogenicity, chemical structure, and human exposure.
Promoting Prevention through the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Howard K. Koh, Kathleen G. Sebelius
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Too many people in our country are not reaching their full potential for health because of preventable conditions. Moreover, Americans receive only about half of the preventive services that are recommended1 — a finding that highlights the national need for improved health promotion. The 2010 Affordable Care Act2 responds to this need with a vibrant emphasis on disease prevention. Many of the 10 major titles in the law, especially Title IV, Prevention of Chronic Diseases and Improving Public Health, advance a prevention theme through a wide array of new initiatives and funding. As a result, we believe that the Act . . .
Maternal Markers and Complications of Pregnancy
Authors: David A. Luthy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In recent years maternal serum screening in the second trimester of pregnancy has become a routine part of prenatal care in the United States and other industrialized nations. Maternal serum screening is designed to identify women whose fetuses are at increased risk for congenital anomalies, including neural-tube defects, other open fetal abnormalities, trisomy 21, and trisomy 18. Most commonly, alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, and either intact human chorionic gonadotropin or its β subunit are measured in serum. Absolute values for these analytes are converted to multiples of the normal median for each gestational age and together used to modify the mother's . . .
Capsaicin‐sensitive nerves and the cutaneous allergy reaction in man
Authors: L. Lundblad, J. M. Lundberg, A. ÄNggåed, O. Zetterström
Journal: Allergy (1987)

The effects of local capsaicin pretreatment on the cutaneous triple response reaction induced by allergen exposure or anti‐IgE were studied in man. Acute exposure of the human skin to capsaicin caused a burning sensation and a clearcut flare reaction but no wheal response. Upon repeated administration these local reactions to capsaicin disappeared. The Hare component and the subjective itching sensation of the cutaneous allergy reaction to rat antigen in sensitized persons or anti‐IgE in non‐allergic persons were then markedly reduced. Two weeks after capsaicin pretreatment the flare response to allergen was not significantly changed compared to the control reaction, suggesting a reversible effect of capsaicin treatment. The wheal component of the allergy or anti‐IgE reaction was, however, not influenced by capsaicin pretreatment, indicating that the wheal and flare components are caused by different mechanisms. It is concluded that capsaicin sensitive sensory nerves are of importance for the human cutaneous triple response reaction induced by allergen exposure. Thus, secondary release of mediators, such as CGRP or tachykinins from sensory nerve branches, may contribute to the flare component of this reaction. Furthermore the itching sensation seems to be dependent to a large extent on capsaicin‐sensitive nerves. However, sensory nerves seem to have less importance for the wheal reaction, i.e. the protein extravasation response.
Antibody Effector Functions Mediated by Fcγ-Receptors Are Compromised during Persistent Viral Infection
Authors: Andreas Wieland, Rangaiah Shashidharamurthy, Alice O. Kamphorst, Jin-Hwan Han, Rachael D. Aubert, Biswa P. Choudhury, Sean R. Stowell, Junghwa Lee, George A. Punkosdy, Mark J. Shlomchik, Periasamy Selvaraj, Rafi Ahmed
Journal: Immunity (2015)
AF1q/MLLT11 regulates the emergence of human prothymocytes through cooperative interaction with the Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Aude Parcelier, Nesrine Maharzi, Marc Delord, Macarena Robledo-Sarmiento, Elisabeth Nelson, Halima Belakhdar-Mekid, Marika Pla, Klaudia Kuranda, Veronique Parietti, Michele Goodhardt, Nicolas Legrand, Irwin D. Bernstein, Jean Claude Gluckman, François Sigaux, Bruno Canque
Journal: Blood (2011)
Findings of a national survey of the role of general practitioners in the treatment of opiate misuse: extent of contact with opiate misusers.
Authors: A Glanz, C Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1986)

With the recent unprecedented growth in the spread of drug misuse in the United Kingdom the role of the general practitioner has become more and more prominent, both in response to demands for treatment and as the focus of national policy on drug misuse. Although general practitioners may be the first contact, few data are available on the extent of their contact with drug misusers. A postal survey was carried out in mid-1985 of a 5% national sample of general practitioners in England and Wales concerning their role in and views on the treatment of opiate misusers, including the extent of their contact with such patients during a four week period. Of the 1166 general practitioners surveyed, 845 replied, a response rate of 72%. The results show that roughly one in five general practitioners in England and Wales attended an opiate misuser during this four week period, seeing an estimated 6000 to 9000 patients, one third of whom were "new" to the general practitioner. A cautious estimate of between 30,000 and 44,000 new cases of opiate misuse presenting to general practitioners in a year is suggested, with some adjustment necessary because of double counting. A wide variation in the prevalence of consultations among regional health authorities was found, and several of the regions with a high prevalence are outside the London area. The scale of contact thus confirms the importance of the general practitioner in the national response to drug misuse.
The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Dementia Complex
Authors: David D. Ho
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex is a frequent and devastating complication of infection with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Features of the AIDS dementia complex include decreased memory, the inability to concentrate, apathy, and psychomotor retardation. Typical neuropathologic findings include gliosis, focal necrosis of neurons, perivascular inflammation, formation of microglial nodules, multinucleated giant cells, and demyelination. That HIV-1 is the direct cause of this neurologic syndrome is strongly supported by the available evidence. In addition, several studies have identified the monocyte-macrophage as the predominant cell type in the brain infected with HIV-1. However, the mechanisms by which the infected monocytes-macrophages mediate neurologic dysfunction and destruction nave not been elucidated.
Book: International Child Health Care: A Practical Manual for Hospitals Worldwide
Authors: S. S. Chin
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Child Advocacy International Eds David Southall, Brian Coulter, Christiane Ronald, Sue Nicholson, Simon Parke BMJ Books, £55, pp 637 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> ISBN 0 7279 1476 6 Before setting out to the Gambia for a one year paediatric placement, I was looking for the equivalent of an Oxford Handbook of paediatrics in developing countries. However, I could find only a handful of textbooks on tropical paediatrics, which contained detailed pathophysiology and expensive managements, but provided nothing really practical. David Southall's … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Cryptosporidium parvum is cytopathic for cultured human biliary epithelia via an apoptotic mechanism
Authors: Xian-Ming Chen, Susan A. Levine, Pamela Tietz, Eugene Krueger, Mark A. McNiven, Douglas M. Jefferson, Megan Mahle, Nicholas F. LaRusso
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

While the clinical features of sclerosing cholangitis secondary to opportunistic infections of the biliary tree in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are well known, the mechanisms by which microbial pathogens such as Cryptosporidium parvum associated with this syndrome actually cause disease are obscure. We established an in vitro model of biliary cryptosporidiosis employing a human biliary epithelial cell line. Using morphological and biochemical techniques, we examined the interaction of C. parvum with cultured human cholangiocytes. When the apical plasma membrane of polarized, confluent monolayers of human biliary epithelial cells was exposed to C. parvum oocysts that had been excysted in vitro , sporozoites attached to and invaded the cells in a time-, dose-, temperature-, and pH-dependent manner. The infectious process was both plasma membrane domain- and cell-specific, because no attachment or invasion occurred when the basolateral membrane of cholangiocytes was exposed to the parasite, or when a human hepatocyte cell line (HepG2) was used. Time-lapse video microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that sporozoite attachment was rapid, involved extensive cholangiocyte membrane ruffling, and culminated in parasite penetration into a tight-fitting vacuole formed by invagination of the plasma membrane similar to those found in naturally occurring infection in vivo . Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that C. parvum organisms formed parasitophorus vacuoles and were able to undergo a complete reproductive cycle, forming both asexual and sexual reproductive stages. Unexpectedly, direct cytopathic effects were noted in infected monolayers, with widespread programmed cell death (i.e., apoptosis) of biliary epithelial cells as assessed both morphologically and biochemically beginning within hours after exposure to the organism. The novel finding of specific cytopathic invasion of biliary epithelia by C. parvum may be relevant to the pathogenesis and possible therapy of the secondary sclerosing cholangitis seen in AIDS patients with biliary cryptosporidiosis.
Hyperinsulinism and Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: V. Marks, E. Samols, R. Bolton
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Many reports of the association of malignant neoplasms and Cushing's syndrome have appeared in the past few years, and a syndrome of ectopic adrenocorticotrophin production has been clearly defined (Bagshawe, 1960; Liddle et al., 1963).The purpose of this paper is to describe its occurrence with malignant insulinoma and to draw attention to certain similarities between ectopic adrenocorticotrophin production and pluriglandular syndrome. CASE REPORTA 43-year-old postman was first seen in hospital on 2 September 1962.He had been unwell for five weeks.He complained of being rather " hazy in the head " and of having " slowed-up " mentally.He felt agitated, had constant headaches, and a feeling of constriction in his chest.His speech had been slower and occa- sionally slurred.Owing to weariness, walking had become difficult, although he had no definite weakness or pain in his limbs.He complained of dryness of the mouth, with thirst, polyuria, and nocturia.His appetite remained good, and there was moderate constipation.Two to three weeks before consultation he gained weight rapidly, increasing from his usual weight of 11 st. 7lb.(73 kg.) to 12 st.71b.(79 kg.).He stated that his face appeared swollen and that sometimes his legs swelled.Acneiform spots had appeared on his trunk and face.Apart from malaria many years previously, he had always been in excellent health.He gave the appearance of being well.His skin was heavily pigmented, especially in exposed areas and about the genitalia.His skin was thin and contained several small bruises.On the trunk many acne pustules were present.There was mild generalized stomatitis and his tongue was dry.The liver edge was just palpable.Moderate oedema of both legs was present, extending up to the knee.There were no other physical abnormalities.The blood- pressure was 140/70 mm.Hg.Urinalysis was normal.X-ray examination of the skull, chest, and pelvis, and an intravenous pyelo- gram revealed no abnormalities save generalized osteoporosis.A diagnosis was made of atypical Cushing's syndrome and investiga- tions were undertaken to confirm and determine its aetiology. INVESTIGATIONSThe results of relevant routine clinical laboratory investigations were as follows: haemoglobin 14.9 g./100 ml.; serum cholesterol 210 mg./100 ml.; protein-bound iodine 2.5 pg./100 ml.;
Improvement of Rheumatoid Arthritis Following Splenectomy for Felty Syndrome
Authors: Muhammad A. Khan, Irving Kushner
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A patient with Felty syndrome underwent splenectomy because of persistent high fever, leg ulcer, and granulocytopenia. Subsequently, his rheumatoid synovitis went into prolonged remission. In addition, the leg ulcer healed; his WBC count, hemoglobin level, temperature, ESR, and weight returned to normal; the rheumatoid factor titer dropped substantially; and the antinuclear antibodies disappeared. These changes have persisted to the present time, more than 5 1/2 years after surgery. (<i>JAMA</i>237:1116-1118, 1977)
Abstract 601: Essential role of LRF in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and tumorigenesis through Dlk1 and Sox9 repression
Authors: Jlenia Guarnerio, Andrea Lunardi, Pier Paolo Pandolfi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The regulatory factors governing the initial steps of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) commitment and differentiation are largely unknown, and the role of MSCs in the genesis of mesenchymal tumors (sarcomas) has not been fully elucidated. In recent years, several genes and pathways have been characterized as important regulators of these cells’ differentiation into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Although extremely valuable, these data have been mainly generated using cell lines or mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), leaving a more reliable model, such as one based on primary multi-potent MSCs, completely unexplored. To fill this gap, we have established new conditions enabling us to manipulate in vitro primary MSCs while maintaining their stemness properties, and have taken advantage of a series of genetically engineered mouse models to unravel a new role for LRF as both a master regulator of MSC differentiation and a tumor suppressor gene in mesenchymal tumors through the repression of two major pathways: DLK1/MAPK and SOX9. Mesenchymal tumors, although rare, have an extremely high rate of mortality, due to a lack of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms responsible for their genesis and progression, and consequently a limited number of available drugs. Our recent findings, however, significantly advance our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying sarcoma pathogenesis, and identify new LRF/DLK1/MAPK and LRF/SOX9 pathways that could prove fundamental to the stratification and targeted therapy of LRF-negative sarcomas. Citation Format: Jlenia Guarnerio, Andrea Lunardi, Pier Paolo Pandolfi. Essential role of LRF in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and tumorigenesis through Dlk1 and Sox9 repression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 601. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-601
Pre-peritoneal prosthetic herniorrhaphy.
Authors: L F Tinckler
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Summary Theusual operations foringuinal hernia suffer from anumberofundesirable features, whicharebriefly discussed. A newoperation isdescribed, inwhichthesites forpotential herniation areprotected witha synthetic prosthesis, asinUsher's methodof incisional herniorrhaphy (1962). MULTIPLICITY oftreatments foracondition implies that noneisentirely satisfactory. Thisistruesofar asoperations foringuinal hernia areconcerned and consequently thequest fortheideal operation continues. Operations foringuinal hernia, astheyaremost usually performed, haveinmy opinion several undesirable features which areasfollows: Theinguinal canal isopenedupanditscontents disturbed: inmobilizing thehernial sactheblood supply ofthetestes maybedamagedleading to testicular atrophy, ortheilio-inguinal nerve traumatized giving rise togroin neuralgia; arepair approximating theconjoint tendontoPoupart's ligament orGimbernat's ligament distorts tissues outoftheir normalanatomical alignment, attempts tounite muscle toligament possibly undertension and utilizes tissues whichhavedemonstrated their incompetence bytheverypresence ofthehernia. All these features ongeneral principles wouldbebest avoided ifacceptable alternative methods areavailable andIsubmit that theoperation herein described attains this object. Itconsists essentially ofapre-peritoneal approach tothedeepaspect oftheinguino-femoral areaand theinsertion ofasynthetic fabric prosthesis tocover thepotential sites ofinguinal andfemoral hernia. Ithasbeenevolved fromthefollowing reasoning. Thefirst layer oftheabdominal parietes whichis transgressed inthedevelopment ofahernia isthe transversalis fascia; itwouldseemlogical, therefore, toreinforce this layer inorder toprevent recurrence. Hernia repairs basedonreinforcing theposterior walloftheinguinal canal atthelevel oftheconjoint tendon savourof'closing thestable doorafter the horse hasbolted'. Inmy experience ofthehernia operation described byNyhus& Harkins (1964) whichentails a suture repair ofthetransversalis fascia viaapre-peritoneal approach, this layer has mostly appeared tome tobeinsubstantial andI
Expression of T cell receptor genes in an antigen-specific hybridoma and radiation-induced variants.
Authors: N R Gascoigne, S Waters, J F Elliott, C Victor-Kobrin, C Goodnow, M M Davis, C A Bona
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

We have analyzed a series of mutants derived from a KLH-specific, I-E-restricted T hybridoma (FN1-18) which have lost antigen-reactivity while retaining both T cell receptor idiotypic determinants and the ability to respond to Con A. The variants have not gained any detectable alloreactivity, nor is there an obvious lesion in the mutants' beta chain DNA containing the utilized beta chain genes. This loss of antigen reactivity is due to a failure of stable production of the specific V beta-containing mRNA. Our results indicate that in FN1-18, the T cell receptor antigenic determinants are most likely carried by the alpha chain alone or by a complementation product of the V alpha FN1-18 with the V beta of BW5147. V beta FN1-18 represents a previously undescribed T cell receptor V region.
IS ABSCISSION A PROPER OPERATION?
Authors: JULIAN J. CHISOLM
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read in Section on Ophthalmology, Otology and Laryngology.] A question which often intruded itself upon me when carrying out the suggestions of Mr. Critebek, was as to the propriety of removing the staphylomatous tumor and leave the bulk of the eyeball behind. This operation I have for many years abandoned, for the reason that I questioned the advantages supposed to attend the leaving of a part of the eyeball to facilitate the movement of the artificial eye shell. It is difficult to divest one's self of the idea, that a round, plump, symmetrical stump, is not essentially adapted for the application of an artificial eye, itself the section of a hollow sphere, which seems to invite into its open concavity a corresponding spherical surface. It seems to be a natural inference that when two surfaces are nicely adjusted they should work well together. However true this may be in joint