tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maps of premature deaths across England will help tackle variation, say public health chiefs
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Wide variation between local authority areas in England in numbers of avoidable premature deaths, independent of levels of social deprivation, has been shown by a new website launched by Public Health England today.

The Longer Lives website (longerlives.phe.org.uk) uses data from the government’s Public Health Outcomes Framework to map the overall rate of premature death in local authorities across England and also gives specific rates for the four major causes of premature death: cancer, heart disease and stroke, lung disease, and liver disease. These four conditions are responsible for 75% of the 153 000 premature deaths that occur each year in England.



John Newton, chief knowledge officer at Public Health England, said that around 103 000 of these deaths were avoidable because the conditions could have been either better treated or prevented by reducing risk factors such as obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and inactivity …
Physical Association with WWOX Suppresses c-Jun Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Eugenio Gaudio, Alexey Palamarchuk, Tiziana Palumbo, Francesco Trapasso, Yuri Pekarsky, Carlo M. Croce, Rami I. Aqeilan
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract WWOX is a tumor suppressor that functions as a modular protein partner of transcription factors. WWOX contains two WW domains that mediate protein-protein interactions. In this report, we show that WWOX, via its first WW domain, specifically associates with the proline-rich motif of c-Jun proto-oncogene. Our data show that phosphorylation of c-Jun caused by overexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (Mekk1), an upstream activator of c-Jun, enhances the interaction of c-Jun with WWOX. Furthermore, exposure of HaCaT keratinocytes to UVC radiation resulted in the association of endogenous WWOX and c-Jun. The WWOX-c-Jun complexes mainly occur in the cytoplasm. Expression of WWOX attenuates the ability of MEKK1 to increase the activity of a c-Jun-driven activating protein-1 (AP-1)-luciferase reporter plasmid. In contrast, a point mutation in the first WW domain of WWOX has no effect on transactivation of AP-1 when coexpressed with c-Jun protein. Our findings reveal a novel functional cross-talk between c-Jun transcription factor and WWOX tumor suppressor protein. (Cancer Res 2005; 66(24): 11585-9)
Prognostic significance of additional cytogenetic aberrations in 733 de novo pediatric 11q23/MLL-rearranged AML patients: results of an international study
Authors: Eva A. Coenen, Susana C. Raimondi, Jochen Harbott, Martin Zimmermann, Todd A. Alonzo, Anne Auvrignon, H. Berna Beverloo, Myron Chang, Ursula Creutzig, Michael N. Dworzak, Erik Forestier, Brenda Gibson, Henrik Hasle, Christine J. Harrison, Nyla A. Heerema, Gertjan J. L. Kaspers, Anna Leszl, Nathalia Litvinko, Luca Lo Nigro, Akira Morimoto, Christine Perot, Dirk Reinhardt, Jeffrey E. Rubnitz, Franklin O. Smith, Jan Stary, Irina Stasevich, Sabine Strehl, Takashi Taga, Daisuke Tomizawa, David Webb, Zuzana Zemanova, Rob Pieters, C. Michel Zwaan, Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink
Journal: Blood (2011)
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Samuel A. Shelborne
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle disease that inexorably results in death at about the age of 20 years. Unfortunately, there is no effective therapy for this disease. It is an X-linked recessive disorder that almost exclusively occurs in boys. Classic clinical signs are recognized around the age of 3 to 5 years. The diagnosis is made by laboratory tests, including electromyogram (EMG), muscle biopsy, and elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level. The latter test is particularly valuable because this enzyme is usually strikingly elevated, 20 to 50 times normal. Young children with DMD who are clinically asymptomatic also have very high levels of CPK. Newborn infants with the disease have high levels of this enzyme. Some authorities have recommended routine screening of blood CPK in newborn male infants. This has not been adopted, since, unlike other diseases (phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, etc), there is no available therapy. In
Increased serum activin a differentiates alcoholic from cirrhosis of other aetiologies
Authors: A. Voumvouraki, G. Notas, M. Koulentaki, M. Georgiadou, S. Klironomos, C. Coucoutsi, E. Kouroumalis
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction, background and aim</h3> Activin A is a molecule of the TGF superfamily, implicated in liver fibrosis, regeneration and stem cell differentiation. However, data on activins in liver diseases are very few. The authors therefore studied serum levels of Activin A in chronic liver diseases. To identify the origin of Activin A, levels in the hepatic vein were estimated and expression of Activin A was studied in isolated rat Kupffer and stellate cells. <h3>Methods</h3> 162 patients participated in the study: 39 with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC, 19 viral cirrhosis associated, 20 alcoholic cirrhosis associated), 18 with Chronic hepatitis C (CHC), 47 with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC, 26 stage I–II and 21 stage IV), 22 with Alcoholic cirrhosis (hepatic vein blood available in 16), 20 with HCV cirrhosis (hepatic vein blood available in 18) and 16 patients with alcoholic fatty liver with mild to moderate fibrosis but no cirrhosis. 19 normal controls were also included. A commercially available ELISA was used for serum determinations and a semiquantitative PCR for Activin A expression in isolated rat Kupffer and Stellate cells. <h3>Results</h3> Activin-A levels were significantly increased (p&lt;0.001) in serum of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (median 673 pg/ml, range 449–3279), compared to either controls (149 pg/ml 91–193) or patients with viral cirrhosis (189 pg/ml, 81–480), CHC (142 pg/ml, 65–559) PBC stage I–II (100 pg/ml 59–597) and PBC stage IV (104 pg/ml, 81–579). Only patients with alcoholic cirrhosis associated HCC had significantly increased levels of activin-A (2403 pg/ml, 1561–7220 pg/ml). Activin A mRNA was strongly expressed in both Kupffer and stellate cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Serum levels of Activin A are increased in patients with alcohol related cirrhosis or HCC and can discriminate these patients from cirrhotics of other aetiologies.
Structural and functional characterization of the human T lymphocyte receptor for insulin-like growth factor I in vitro.
Authors: V F Tapson, M Boni-Schnetzler, P F Pilch, D M Center, J S Berman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Growth factor receptors for T lymphocytes, such as interleukin 2 and insulin, are present on activated but not resting T lymphocytes. We sought to determine if insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) could act as a growth factor for human T cells and to characterize its receptor on resting and activated cells. Recombinant IGF-I induced two separate functions. It was chemotactic for and increased incorporation of tritiated thymidine into both unactivated (resting) and mitogen-activated T cells. High-affinity 125I-IGF-I binding to human T cells was saturable with an apparent Kd of 1.2 +/- .6 X 10(-10) M for binding to activated T cells and 1.2 +/- .9 X 10(-10) for unactivated T cells. The calculated binding for activated cells was 330 +/- 90 and for resting cells 45 +/- 9 high-affinity receptor sites per cell. Affinity cross-linking of 125I-IGF-I to resting or activated T cells revealed a radioligand-receptor complex of 360,000 mol wt when analyzed by SDS-PAGE without reduction and complexes of 270,000 and 135,000 mol wt upon reduction; prior incubation with excess unlabeled IGF-I prevented formation of the 125I-IGF-I receptor complex. Our data suggest that both resting and activated T lymphocytes bear functional IGF-I receptors similar to those found in other tissues. These receptors may mediate T cell growth and chemotaxis.
A Little Night Poetry
Authors: Walter Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Premenstrual Syndrome and Progesterone Suppositories
Authors: Niall Mackenzie
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Freeman et al<sup>1</sup>, in their article "Ineffectiveness of Progesterone Suppository Treatment for Premenstrual Syndrome," state that the symptoms were not significantly improved by progesterone compared with placebo. Dalton<sup>2</sup>has shown that, in 1096 patients, only 23% responded to a dose as low as 400 mg daily, 33% responded to a dose of 400 mg twice daily, and another 20% responded to 400 mg three times daily, with 46% of the sample requiring a dose higher than 400 mg of progesterone twice daily. Maddock et al<sup>3</sup>noted the variation of content of the progesterone suppositories. When 14 different types of progesterone suppositories from the United States were analyzed, only one was within the 3% limit required by the Committee of Safety in Medicines in Britain, and six ranged between 57% and 34% of the stated content. Freeman et al make no mention of the patient's
Individual patient meta-analysis: Taxane plus anthracycline reduces mortality from early breast cancer
Authors: Nicholas R.C. Wilcken, Martin R. Stockler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Comparisons between different polychemotherapy regimens for early breast cancer: meta-analyses of long-term outcome among 100 000 women in 123 randomised trials. Lancet. 2012;379:432-44. 22152853
UK government attacked for failing to introduce tobacco bill
Authors: P. Hagan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Doctors' leaders and antismoking groups in the United Kingdom have attacked the government for delaying the introduction of a ban on tobacco advertising.

The criticism follows the decision not to include the Tobacco Bill in the Queen's speech, which means that legislation outlawing tobacco advertising will not take effect for at least another 18 months.

The BMA has warned that this postponement will undermine doctors' efforts to encourage people to quit smoking and said it sent out “the wrong signal” about ministers' commitment to tackling health inequalities. Some critics have gone even further; the campaigning organisation Action on Smoking and Health has estimated that the delay could …
Therapeutic Pancreatic Endoscopy
Authors: R. A. Kozarek
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Therapeutic endoscopy in pancreatitis has included biliary or pancreatic sphincterotomy, or both, for microlithiasis and sphincter dysfunction. Alternatively, endoscopic treatment has been used to treat ductal disruption, including external or internal fistulas (high amylase effusions, pancreatic ascites, pancreaticoenteric communications, or pseudocysts). Finally, endoscopy has been used to treat obstructive disease, including both stones and strictures. This article reviews the state of the art in this field over the past year. Unfortunately, this is an area in which the appropriate approaches are still poorly defined, and prospective studies randomly assigning patients to endoscopic treatment in comparison with medical or surgical therapy remain few and far between.
Social Networkers' Attitudes Toward Direct-to-Consumer Personal Genome Testing
Authors: Amy L. McGuire, Christina M. Diaz, Tao Wang, Susan G. Hilsenbeck
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

This study explores social networkers' interest in and attitudes toward personal genome testing (PGT), focusing on expectations related to the clinical integration of PGT results.An online survey of 1,087 social networking users was conducted to assess 1) use and interest in PGT; 2) attitudes toward PGT companies and test results; and 3) expectations for the clinical integration of PGT. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize respondents' characteristics and responses.Six percent of respondents have used PGT, 64% would consider using PGT, and 30% would not use PGT. Of those who would consider using PGT, 74% report they would use it to gain knowledge about disease in their family. 34% of all respondents consider the information obtained from PGT to be a medical diagnosis. 78% of those who would consider PGT would ask their physician for help interpreting test results, and 61% of all respondents believe physicians have a professional obligation to help individuals interpret PGT results.Respondents express interest in using PGT services, primarily for purposes related to their medical care and expect physicians to help interpret PGT results. Physicians should therefore be prepared for patient demands for information and counsel on the basis of PGT results.
Pacemaker Artifact in Lung Scan
Authors: Manfred Blum
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  An artifact which simulated a pulmonary embolus was produced in a lung scan by an indwelling cardiac pacemaker. Postmortem study confirmed the absence of such emboli. It was found that the battery pack of the pacemaker absorbs approximately 50% of the131I gamma emission from the injected radioactive pharmaceutical.  Report of a Case:—  A 74-year-old white man with diabetes who had an indwelling cardiac pacemaker implanted because of heart block was admitted to the surgical service on June 23, 1968. Gangrene involving the toes of the right foot was present. Five days later an amputation was performed below the knee of the right leg. The postoperative course was complicated by persistant irregularity of the cardiac rhythm without clinical, electrocardiographic, or chemical evidence of myocardial damage, and on Aug 12, the patient was taken to the operating room for exploration of the pacemaker apparatus. The device was
A comparative study of psoriatic and non-psoriatic buccal mucosa
Authors: P. V. HARRISON, D. SKERROW
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Buccal mucosa biopsies from patients (seven with and seven without psoriasis) were studied using autoradiography and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The flash labelling indices were similar in psoriatic and non-psoriatic patients and the SDS-gel patterns showed variable amounts of 70,000 mol. wt (70K) protein which did not correlate with the presence or absence of psoriasis or with individual labelling indices. An increased labelling occurred at the edges of autoradiographs from psoriatic patients due either to increased penetration of label or to trauma. The possibility of this being a Koebner effect is discussed.
Empathy and the Practice of Medicine
Authors: V. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Howard Spiro, Mary G McCrea Curnen, Enid Peschel, Deborah St James Yale University Press, pounds sterling 14.95, pp 208 ISBN 0-300-05840-3

Some time ago I conducted a study in which I asked my patients why they thought it was important for doctors to listen to their patients. More women than men thought that it was necessary to form a relationship and to enable the doctor to understand how they were feeling, whereas more men thought that it would help the doctor make the right diagnosis. Their spontaneous comments were equally revealing: “It builds up a relationship. Otherwise the patient feels unimportant, and it is not worth seeing the doctor”; “Doctors can learn more by listening than by prodding you”; “That's what he is there for”; “It would be dreadful if the doctor did not listen, it is the only way he can tell what is …
AMERICAN VERSUS EUROPEAN MEDICAL EDUCATION.A COMPARISON OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGE WORK WITH THAT OF EUROPEAN MEDICAL SCHOOLS. INCLUDING SOME THOUGHTS UPON FREE TRADE IN MEDICAL DIPLOMAS OF FOREIGN MANUFACTURE. Read in the Section of State Medicine at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: SAMUEL O. L. POTTER
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Any American physician who is thrown into the society of European medical men, either at home or abroad, cannot fail to become sensible of a ' VACINATION.
S33 Vitamin D and airway remodelling in paediatric severe therapy resistant asthma
Authors: A. Sjoukes, A. Gupta, T. Oates, A. Bush, S. Saglani
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Serum vitamin D levels have been related to asthma control and medication use in children with mild to moderate disease, but little is known about the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and airway remodelling and mucosal inflammation in asthma. We hypothesised that lower serum vitamin D levels would be associated with increased airway inflammation and remodelling and lower lung function in children with severe therapy resistant asthma (STRA). <h3>Methods</h3> Nineteen children aged between 6 and 16 years with STRA underwent spirometry, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, endobronchial biopsy, and measurement of serum vitamin D (25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> nmol/l). Endobronchial biopsies stained with H&amp;E were used to quantify airway remodelling (reticular basement membrane thickness, smooth muscle mass and epithelial shedding). Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify smooth muscle cell proliferation using proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and inflammatory cells (eosinophils, neutrophils and mast cells). <h3>Results</h3> Seventeen of 19 children with STRA were vitamin D insufficient (&lt;50 nmol/l), median (range) serum 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> 29 (21–39) nmol/l. There was no relationship between serum 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> and submucosal eosinophils, neutrophils or mast cells. Airway smooth muscle mass was inversely related to serum 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> (r=−0.6, p=0.007) (Abstract S33 figure 1), but there was no relationship between vitamin D levels and reticular basement membrane thickness or epithelial shedding. Lung function was not related to serum vitamin D levels, however bronchodilator reversibility was inversely related to serum 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> levels (r=−0.53, p=0.02). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Vitamin D insufficiency is common in children with STRA. Lower vitamin D levels in children with STRA were associated with increased airway smooth muscle and increased bronchodilator reversibility. Randomised controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation are warranted in paediatric STRA.
Interactions between the intestinal microbiota and innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Vincent L Chen, Dennis L Kasper
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

The mammalian intestine must manage to contain 100 trillion intestinal bacteria without inducing inappropriate immune responses to these microorganisms. The effects of the immune system on intestinal microorganisms are numerous and well-characterized, and recent research has determined that the microbiota influences the intestinal immune system as well. In this review, we first discuss the intestinal immune system and its role in containing and maintaining tolerance to commensal organisms. We next introduce a category of immune cells, the innate lymphoid cells, and describe their classification and function in intestinal immunology. Finally, we discuss the effects of the intestinal microbiota on innate lymphoid cells.
Lung-Liver Radioisotope Scans in the Diagnosis of Subdiaphragmatic Abscess
Authors: Donald W. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1966)

SUBDIAPHRAGMATIC abscess is a disease which is both difficult to diagnose and frequently fatal. In 10% to 15% of patients, the diagnosis is first made at postmortem examination, and the average mortality has been estimated to be as high as 40%.<sup>1</sup>In the past, the roentgenogram has been the chief diagnostic tool, but it is limited because differences between hepatic and abscess densities cannot be distinguished. Thus, without special procedures, the distance between the lung and liver could usually only be inferred and an abscess suspected only by its effect on surrounding structures, such as fixation and elevation of the diaphragm. The combined lung-liver radionuclide scan is a new, comparatively simple, and entirely safe method of outlining the space between the lung and liver. It usually provides a striking picture of subdiaphragmatic abscess when one is present. The following is a description of our findings in 35 consecutive lung-liver
Assessment of the health effects of atmospheric sulfur oxides and particulate matter: evidence from observational studies.
Authors: J H Ware, L A Thibodeau, F E Speizer, S Colome, B G Ferris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Steadily rising energy costs have increased the need for reliable information on the health effects of atmospheric sulfur oxides and particulate matter. Because ethical and practical considerations limit studies of this question under controlled conditions, observational studies provide an important part of the relevant information. This paper examines the currently available epidemiologic evidence from population studies of the health effects of these pollutants. Nonexperimental studies also have important limitations, including the inability to measure accurately the exposure burden of free living individuals, and the potential for serious confounding by other factors affecting health. We begin with a discussion of some of these methodologic issues. The evidence is then reviewed, first in association with fluctuations in 24 hr mean concentration of sulfur oxides and particulate matter, and then in association with differences in mean annual concentration. In the last section, this evidence is summarized and used to approximate the exposure-response relationship linking pollutant concentrations with mortality and morbidity levels.