tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arsenite cocarcinogenesis: an animal model derived from genetic toxicology studies.
Authors: Toby G Rossman, Ahmed N Uddin, Fredric J Burns, Maarten C Bosland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Although epidemiologic evidence shows an association between inorganic arsenic in drinking water and increased risk of skin, lung, and bladder cancers, no animal model for arsenic carcinogenesis has been successful. This lack has hindered mechanistic studies of arsenic carcinogenesis. Previously, we and others found that low concentrations (< or =5 microm) of arsenite (the likely environmental carcinogen), which are not mutagenic, can enhance the mutagenicity of other agents, including ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and alkylating agents. This enhancing effect appears to result from inhibition of DNA repair by arsenite, but not via inhibition of DNA repair enzymes. Rather, low concentrations of arsenite disrupt p53 function and upregulate cyclin D1. Failure to find an animal model for arsenic carcinogenesis might be because arsenite is not a carcinogen per se but acts as an enhancing agent (cocarcinogen) with a genotoxic partner. We tested this hypothesis with solar UVR in hairless but immunocompetent Skh1 mice. Mice were given 10 mg/L sodium arsenite in drinking water (or not) and irradiated with 1.7 KJ/m(2) solar UVR 3 times weekly. As expected, no tumors appeared in any organs in control mice or in mice given arsenite alone. After 26 weeks irradiated mice given arsenite had a 2.4-fold increase in skin tumor yield compared with mice given UVR alone. The tumors were mostly squamous cell carcinomas, and those occurring in mice given UVR plus arsenite were much larger and more invasive. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that arsenic acts as a cocarcinogen with a second (genotoxic) agent by inhibiting DNA repair and/or enhancing positive growth signaling. Skin cancers in populations drinking water containing arsenic may be caused by the enhancement by arsenic compounds of carcinogenesis induced by UVR (or other environmental agents). It is possible that lung and bladder cancers associated with arsenic in drinking water may also require a carcinogenic partner.
More on Antitrypsin
Authors: John A. Pierce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The paper by Talamo and his associates, elsewhere in this issue, admirably serves to clear confusion about how to interpret the trypsin inhibitory capacity of serum. The point is a simple one and directly illustrated in their data. Antitrypsin phenotypes cannot be determined from measurements of serum trypsin inhibitory capacity (STIC), or from specific immunodiffusion, or any other, measurements of serum alpha1-antitrypsin concentration. The single exception to this rule is the same now as it was 10 years ago — the classic severe deficiency of antitrypsin.The reasons for the confusion become obvious when one looks at how it developed. . . .
Lung C-fiber CNS reflex: role in the respiratory consequences of extended environmental tobacco smoke exposure in young guinea pigs.
Authors: A C Bonham, C Y Chen, T Mutoh, J P Joad
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure harms the respiratory health of children and is associated with an increased risk of asthma and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The mechanisms by which ETS causes these effects are not understood. We hypothesized that one mechanism is an upregulation of the lung C-fiber central nervous system (CNS) reflex responses, which would result in exaggerated reflex responses of apnea, bronchoconstriction, and mucous hypersecretion. The purpose of this work is to highlight evidence obtained in an animal model of postnatal ETS exposure supporting the hypothesis and present data suggesting that actions of the neuropeptide substance P in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) may contribute. Exposing young guinea pigs to sidestream smoke, the surrogate for ETS, for 5 weeks during the equivalent of human childhood, increased the excitability of afferent lung C fibers and NTS neurons in the CNS reflex pathway and prolonged the expiratory apnea. The findings suggest that an increased excitability of NTS neurons that can augment reflex output may contribute to respiratory symptoms in children exposed to ETS. Besides ETS exposure, substance P can also excite NTS neurons and augment lung C-fiber CNS reflex responses. Others have shown that substance P synthesis in lung C fibers is upregulated by another environmental stimulant, allergen. Thus, an upregulation of the substance P system at NTS synapses could contribute to the increased NTS excitability and enhanced reflex responses to lung C-fiber stimulation, providing a potential mechanism to help explain the association of ETS exposure with respiratory symptoms and SIDS.
Human infestation by Ophionyssus natricis snake mite
Authors: HANNE SCHULTZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

A family presented with a papular vesiculo‐bullous eruption of the skin, found to be caused by the snake mite, Ophionyssus natricis (Gervais, 1844). A pet python was the primary host. Treatment of the animal and its environment led to clearance of the human skin lesions.
Coexpression of Tim-3 and PD-1 identifies a CD8+ T-cell exhaustion phenotype in mice with disseminated acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Qing Zhou, Meghan E. Munger, Rachelle G. Veenstra, Brenda J. Weigel, Mitsuomi Hirashima, David H. Munn, William J. Murphy, Miyuki Azuma, Ana C. Anderson, Vijay K. Kuchroo, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Blood (2011)
Adrenocorticotropic Action of Antidiuretic Hormone
Authors: JAMES G. HILTON
Journal: Circulation (1960)

By means of direct arterial perfusion of the adrenal glands of the hypophysectomized dog, it has been shown that synthetic lysine, arginine and acetyl arginine vasopressins stimulate the adrenal cortex directly to secrete hydrocortisone. Pressor activity and cortisol-stimulating activity were demonstrated to be independent of each other. Similar polypeptides, such as oxytocin, insulin, glucagon, and pressor amines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, did not show any cortisol-stimulating activity. ACTH was found consistently to increase the rate of secretion of aldosterone when perfused through the glands of hypophysectomized animals. The probable role of arginine vasopressin as an important factor in the stress reaction is considered along with its postulated ability to activate adrenal phosphorylase.
Effect of serial brief ischemic episodes on extracellular K+, pH, and activation in the pig.
Authors: W F Fleet, T A Johnson, C A Graebner, L S Gettes
Journal: Circulation (1985)

This study was performed to determine the reproducibility of the ionic and electrical changes associated with serial ischemic episodes. We used ion-selective and bipolar plunge electrodes to determine the changes in left ventricular extracellular potassium ([K+]e), extracellular pH (pHe), and local activation during sequential 10 min occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery separated by 50 min of reperfusion in open-chest anesthetized pigs. We found that uniformly during the initial occlusion, and in approximately 50% of animals during the second occlusion, [K+]e rose more rapidly but to a lower level than in subsequent occlusions. By the third occlusion the changes in [K+]e were reproducible. Extracellular acidosis was greatest in the first occlusion and decreased progressively with each subsequent occlusion. Local activation was characterized by a decrease in spontaneous improvement and increase in block with each successive occlusion. The occurrence of ventricular fibrillation could not be directly attributed to the magnitude of the change in [K+]e or pHe. Moreover, the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation in one occlusion did not necessarily predict its occurrence thereafter. Our results indicate that serial episodes of ischemia are associated with different but predictable changes in ionic and electrical events that may be clinically relevant and that must be appreciated before the results from similar protocols with serial ischemic episodes can be interpreted meaningfully.
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Authors: James W. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The entity of idiopathic acute interstitial nephritis was proposed five years ago.<sup>1</sup>We present another example of this process, again devoid of the usual inciting agents— drugs or infection. <h3>Report of a Case. —</h3> One day after inhalation of "polyamide epoxy" high gloss paint fumes, a 20-year-old man had gross hematuria. His BUN level was then 15 mg/dl. There was no family history of hematuria.<sup>2</sup>Within five days he was uremic. His blood pressure was 120/70 mm Hg; he weighed 55 kg. Results of the physical examination were unremarkable. There was no uveitis.<sup>3</sup>Blood count was normal with 3% eosinophils. His BUN level was 66 mg/dl and creatinine level, 5.2 mg/dl. Urine sediment contained hundreds of erythrocytes and ten WBCs per high-power field. Urine sodium level was 23 mEq/liter, and urine osmolality was 357 mOsm/kg. Urine protein excretion was 1.0 g/24 hr; antistreptolysin O
Importance of Cardiac Troponins I and T in Risk Stratification of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Stavros Konstantinides, Annette Geibel, Manfred Olschewski, Wolfgang Kasper, Nadine Hruska, Sebastian Jäckle, Lutz Binder
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Assessment of risk and appropriate management of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a challenge. Cardiac troponins I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) are reliable indicators of myocardial injury and may be associated with right ventricular dysfunction in PE. Methods and Results— The present prospective study included 106 consecutive patients with confirmed acute PE. cTnI was elevated (≥0.07 ng/mL) in 43 patients (41%), and cTnT (≥0.04 ng/mL) was elevated in 39 (37%). Elevation of cTnI or cTnT was significantly associated with echocardiographically detected right ventricular dysfunction ( P =0.001 and P &lt;0.05, respectively). Moreover, a significant correlation was found between elevation of cTnI or cTnT and the two major end points overall mortality and complicated in-hospital course. The negative predictive value of cardiac troponins for major clinical events was 92% to 93%. Importantly, there was obvious escalation of in-hospital mortality, the rate of complications, and the incidence of recurrent PE, when patients with high troponin concentrations (cTnI &gt;1.5; cTnT &gt;0.1 ng/mL) were compared with those with only moderately elevated levels (cTnI, 0.07 to 1.5; cTnT, 0.04 to 0.1 ng/mL). Logistic regression analysis confirmed that the mortality risk (OR) was significantly elevated only in patients with high cTnI ( P =0.019) or cTnT ( P =0.038) levels. Furthermore, the risk of a complicated in-hospital course was almost 5 times higher (15.47 versus 3.16) in the high-cTnI group compared with patients with moderate cTnI elevation. Conclusions— Our results indicate that cTnI and cTnT may be a novel, particularly useful tool for optimizing the management strategy in patients with acute PE.
Advantages of concurrent preparation and reporting of systematic reviews of quantitative and qualitative evidence
Authors: Sandy Oliver
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2015)

Two systematic reviews played a key role in bringing together different types of evidence to inform policy decisions. The first was a review of process evaluations and controlled trials of young people promoting healthy behaviour to their peers.1 The second synthesised qualitative studies of children’s views of healthy eating and integrated the findings with a meta-analysis of controlled trials of healthy eating interventions.2

These systematic reviews were conducted against a backdrop of arguments about the value of different ways of knowing. Ann Oakley’s historical analysis of social science methods, their advocates and detractors, revealed power struggles between the alternatives of qualitative and quantitative social science.3 When quantitative and experimental methods were considered particularly influential, they were also seen by some qualitative researchers as inappropriate for investigating the social domain. Conversely, some adherents of quantitative or experimental methods saw qualitative methods as inadequate for informing policy or practice decisions. Competition and debate between the different standpoints was sometimes fierce, even abusive, and often unconstructive. The growth of systematic reviews, which initially addressed only questions about intervention effects, attracted critics who argued against whole bodies of literature, not just single studies.
Evaluation of PUVA, topical corticosteroids and the combination of both in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: M. SCHMOLL, T. HENSELER, E. CHRISTOPHERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Evaluation of PUVA, topical corticosteroids and the combination of both in the treatment of psoriasis Get access M. SCHMOLL, M. SCHMOLL Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. HENSELER, T. HENSELER Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. CHRISTOPHERS E. CHRISTOPHERS Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 99, Issue 6, 1 December 1978, Pages 693–702, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb07065.x Published: 01 December 1978
PERSONAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO ARMY RANK
Authors: JEROME D. FRANK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

1. A group of non-commissioned officers of rank technician fourth grade or higher hospitalized for psychiatric disorder, compared to a group of controls of similar rank, showed a greater frequency of family history of neurosis and neurotic manifestations prior to service, slightly less length of service, a lower educational level, and were rated less frequently as sociable and more frequently as unstable. 2. Sergeants with psychiatric disorders differed from other enlisted men with similar conditions in having a higher educational level, greater length of service, more frequent ratings as sociable and less as unstable. The two groups did not differ significantly in frequency of family history of neurosis or previous neurotic manifestations. 3. The majority of both neurotic and psychotic casualties among sergeants were considered to have been incurred in line of duty, and the proportion of service-connected psychiatric disability was greater for sergeants than other enlisted men. This suggests that situational factors, as contrasted with historical ones, were more important causes of psychiatric disability in sergeants than other enlisted men. 4. An outstanding cause of emotional disturbance in sergeants was the fear of failure in men who had been over-dependent on success and approval to allay anxiety. 5. Threats to personal security included: a. Physical disability in men who overvalued their bodies as means to success. b. Loss of approval, often with threat of demotion. c. Promotion to leadership positions of men who felt inadequate to this responsibility. d. Assignment of specialists to work for which they are not trained.
Carbon Dioxide Insufflation in Colonoscopy: Safe and Effective in Sedated Patients
Authors: M. Bretthauer, A. B. Lynge, E. Thiis-Evensen, G. Hoff, O. Fausa, L. Aabakken
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Several studies have shown that insufflation of carbon dioxide (CO2) instead of air during colonoscopy can reduce postprocedural pain. However, CO2 insufflation might also lead to CO2 retention in the human body. It was recently shown that this side effect does not occur in unsedated patients, but that sedation leads to impaired respiration. Sedated patients may therefore be more prone to CO2 retention. This randomized, double-blinded study was designed to investigate whether CO2 insufflation leads to CO2 retention in sedated patients.A total of 103 consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy were randomly assigned to the use of either CO2 or air insufflation. End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), a noninvasive parameter for arterial P CO2, was recorded before the examination, twice during it, and 10 min after it. Midazolam or pethidine, or both, were used for sedation. The patient's pain during the examination and 1, 3, 6, and 24 h afterwards was registered using a questionnaire.CO2 was used in 52 patients and air insufflation in 51. A total of 52 patients (51 %) received sedation. There were no differences in ETCO2 between the CO2 and air group. A slight increase in ETCO2 was observed in sedated patients, while there was no increase in unsedated patients. CO2 insufflation significantly reduced pain after the procedure at all time points.This study indicates that CO2 insufflation reduces pain and is safe to use in colonoscopy for sedated patients.
Celebrating the ACP Centennial: From the <i>Annals</i> Archive—Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Deborah Cotton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Editorials21 April 2015Celebrating the ACP Centennial: From the Annals Archive—Lung Cancer ScreeningDeborah Cotton, MD, MPH, Deputy EditorDeborah Cotton, MD, MPH, Deputy EditorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M15-0181 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail During the 2015 centennial year of the American College of Physicians, publisher of Annals of Internal Medicine, Annals editors will link an article in each issue with an earlier paper from our archives addressing the same disease or clinical question. We hope our readers find this interesting and we welcome comments, especially from physicians who were practicing at the time of publication of the original paper who might offer insight into the impact of the earlier paper on their knowledge or practice.In this issue, Smetana and colleagues (1) debate the recommendations of a 2013 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force ...References1. Smetana GW, Boiselle PM, Schwartzstein RM. Screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography. Grand rounds discussion from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162:577-82. doi:10.7326/M15-0055 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Gowen GH, Frank B. Screening for chest pathology using mass x-ray survey technic. Ann Intern Med. 1952;36:138-45. [PMID: 14895028] doi:10.7326/0003-4819-36-1-138 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Deborah Cotton, MD, MPH, Deputy Editor PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose Computed Tomography Gerald W. Smetana , Phillip M. Boiselle , and Richard M. Schwartzstein Metrics 21 April 2015Volume 162, Issue 8Page: 589KeywordsAge groupsArchivesCancer screeningComputed axial tomographyElderlyLung and intrathoracic tumorsLung cancer screeningQuestionnairesSmoking habitsThorax ePublished: 21 April 2015 Issue Published: 21 April 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Book Review Diffuse Diseases of the Lung: A team approach By W.M. Thurlbeck, Roberta R. Miller, Nestor L. Müller, and Edward C. Rosenow III. 243 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, B.C. Decker, 1991. $82. (Distributed in the U.S. by Mosby-Year Book, St. Louis.)
Authors: Allender Sybert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
The effect of changes in temperature on peripheral blood flow in systemic sclerosis
Authors: M.J.D. Goodfield, N.R. Rowell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Patients with systemic sclerosis (SS) suffer from acral ischaemia and decreased peripheral blood flow,1 which worsens with cold.2 The blood flow response to increased temperature is unknown. Finger pulp blood flow was therefore measured by laser‐doppler flowmetry in 11 patients (10 female) with SS and Raynaud's phenomenon, and nine normal controls (eight female). After equilibration at room temperature (28°C), resting blood flow was lower in the patients (0·45 ± 0·32 volts) than in the controls (1·63 ± 0·47 volts) (Wilcoxon rank test, P≤ 0·01). After hand warming (10 min in water at 35°C), flow rose more in the patients, resulting in similar flows in both groups. During subsequent cooling (delivered by blowing air at a constant rate through an ice‐box for 10 min), flow fell to similar minimal levels in 8·3 min in the patients and in 9·3 min in the controls. During recovery after cold stress, flow was maximal by 8·6 min in the patients (and was maintained for up to 3 h) and reached similar maximal levels by 7·6 min in the controls. The relationship to skin temperature was complex. This study demonstrates that impaired finger blood flow in SS can be returned to normal by simple warming. For some hours after warming the response to cooling is similar to that of controls. Therapeutically, it suggests that patients with SS should warm themselves thoroughly before entering cold environments.
Medical Intensive Care Unit Admissions for Syncope
Authors: Gary J. Martin, John F. Moran
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Silverstein et al recently published an important analysis of patients with syncope who were admitted to their medical intensive care unit (ICU) (1982;248:1185). We would like to raise some relevant points stimulated by their article. First, we appreciate the difficulty in diagnosing ventricular dysrhythmias as the true cause of syncope after the fact. Their criteria, using the recognition of couplets or frequent (&gt;20/ min) ventricular premature contractions during the subsequent hospitalization of a patient, may be the best one can do, realizing that this will lead to both false-positive and false-negative results. False-positive results could be seen in an older patient with vasovagal syncope who, when monitored, later happened to have ventricular couplets. Fleg and Kennedy<sup>1</sup>studied a population of healthy subjects older than 60 years who had been carefully screened for the absence of heart disease (including normal treadmill test results). Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring revealed
No Time for Flowers
Authors: Anne Scheetz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

On Being a Doctor15 March 1992No Time for FlowersAnne Scheetz, MDAnne Scheetz, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-6-513 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe doctor's late now and that means she'll be mad. She hasn't called either, like she usually does when she's held up at the hospital and she'll be 5 minutes late getting to the office. Only now it's going to be at least 10 minutes. That means she's stuck in traffic so she'll be mad she's late and mad at the traffic. She plans her days so all the driving is easy and she doesn't hit any of the busy times. She says her time is valuable and so is her patients' time, and she owes them the respect of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mercy Hospital and Medical Center Chicago, IL 60616-2477 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMicrowave-assisted synthesis of polyaspartic acid and its effect on calcium carbonate precipitate 15 March 1992Volume 116, Issue 6Page: 513-513KeywordsInterleukins Issue Published: 15 March 1992 Copyright© 1992 American College of PhysiciansPDF DownloadLoading ...