tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Self-conscious emotions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Samantha Harrison, Noelle Robertson, Roger Goldstein, Dina Brooks
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Symptoms of anxiety and depression are elevated in patients with COPD. Self-conscious emotions have been documented in patient narratives which appear to negatively impact on psychological morbidity. There is a need to understand the extent to which self-conscious emotions are expressed in patients with COPD.   Methods :15 patients with COPD participated in individual interviews exploring self-conscious emotions. Data were coded independently by two researchers and constructs elicited via inductive thematic analysis.   Findings:  6 overarching themes were abstracted: Spectrum of blame -accepting personal responsibility for the disease, attempting to justify smoking behaviour and attributing disease to external factors.  Concern about the view of others -associated with the visibility of the disease.  Minimisation -dismissal of self, related to judgements about self-worth and aging, and dismissal from others.  Silence- stoicism and suppression.  Worry about the future -related to the progressive nature of COPD and catastrophic cognitions.  Grief -loss of the anticipated future and the lifestyle once had.   Conclusions:  Patients recognise COPD to be self-inflicted provoking painful emotions. Embarrassment and shame are coupled with feelings of guilt associated with not wanting to emotionally burden others; yet, patients express desire for compassion and understanding. Reflection on the past and anticipation about the future elicit feelings of grief, frustration and anxiety. Mindfulness therapies which encourage patients to be non-judgmental about their smoking behavior and draw focus back to the current may be beneficial in promoting acceptance and control and reducing elaboration and anxiety.
Child death expert provided “misleading and biased” evidence, panel hears
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A senior paediatric neuropathologist adopted a “preconceived and blinkered approach” when appearing as an expert witness in six “shaken baby” court cases, a fitness to practise panel heard this week.

The UK’s General Medical Council (GMC) has accused Waney Squier, who worked as a consultant at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, of acting outside her competence, failing to take account of other experts’ views, and misleadingly citing research that did not in fact support her conclusions. She denies the allegations.

Squier, 67, is also accused of providing an expert report for an appeal without disclosing that GMC …
Biomarker determinations altered by anesthesia induction
Authors: Nicolas Kahn, Julia Riedlinger, Markus Roessler, Christina Rabe, Thomas Muley, Felix Herth, Michael Meister
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Biomarkers are advanced tools for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of treatment and disease progression. The validation of biomarkers is a cumbersome process involving many steps.

Serum samples from lung cancer patients were collected in the framework of a larger Lung Cancer Screening project. During the analysis of some biomarkers, differences between marker values depending on the time of blood extraction were inconsistent. Biomarker concentration differed significantly if taken before or after the induction of anesthesia.

From 13 patients blood samples were drawn 1-2 days prior to surgery, on the same day and after anesthesia was applied. Markers SCC (microtiter plate), and CEA (Elecsys) were analyzed.

SCC showed a very strong effect in relation to the sampling time. While the first two time points were well comparable (correlation r=0,883), patients showed a highly significant (p = 0,0017) increase in concentration when comparing the first two time points with the time point after anesthesia induction. The concentration of CEA had almost no variation (r=0,993 comparing time points as above).

In this study we show the unexpectedly high influence of blood extraction timing in the concentration of the protein biomarker SCC but not in CEA. Whereas the possible causes for this alteration remains to be elucidated in further studies, these results are a caveat to make sure that biomarker sampling protocols are controlled for this type of effects.
Quality of life and pain among prostate cancer patients with bone metastases
Authors: H. Kurth, J. McKiernan, J. D. Bentkover, S. Thomas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4747 Background: Bone metastases occur in as many as 80% of advanced prostate cancer patients, and could result in painful and debilitating skeletal complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QoL), pain, and skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with versus without bone metastases (mets). Methods: A multi-center retrospective chart review combined with prospective quality of life and pain assessment study was initiated to collect data from approximately 375 patients from 73 community urology practices in the US. Patients were categorized as those with clinical diagnosis for bone mets and those without. An interim analysis was performed to compare QoL (SF-8 and FACT-P questionnaires), pain and skeletal-related events between the two groups. Results: Of the 264 patients recruited to date, mean age was 76 years, majority were (74%) Caucasian. About 85% patients used LHRH agonists, 57% used antiandrogens, 32% received external beam radiation, 9% had brachytherapy, and 7% had orchiectomy. About 48% (N=127) had a diagnosis of bone mets and remaining 52% did not. Bone mets patients reported significantly poorer QoL scores (P<0.05) in the SF-8 scale in the Physical Component Summary and Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, and Social Functioning subscales. Bone mets patients also reported significantly poorer QoL scores (P<0.05) on the FACT-P Total Score, FACT-P Trial Outcome Index, Physical Well-Being and Prostate Cancer subscales. The most frequent SRE was bone pain, with more bone mets patients (50%) reporting pain (P<0.001) than those without bone mets (29%). Pain was most often in the lower back (33%), legs (21%) and pelvis (15%). Conclusions: Patients with prostate cancer metastases to the bone have diminished quality of life, higher pain, and more frequent SREs than patients without bone mets. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis Novartis Novartis
Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: N. Verkuijl, M. Perkins, M. Fazel
Journal: BMJ (2015)

#### The bottom line

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the second most common psychiatric disorder of childhood.1 The 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study found that worldwide point prevalence rates of childhood ADHD were 2.2% in males and 0.7% in females.2 However, the diagnosis rates of and treatment approaches to ADHD vary worldwide, which feeds some of the uncertainties that have become a hallmark of the management of ADHD.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched PubMed for meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomised controlled trials on epidemiology and drug and non-drug treatments of ADHD published from January 2004 to December 2013 (and updated December 2014). We also read the national and international guidelines for ADHD by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the European Guidelines for Hyperkinetic Disorders, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Further landmark studies were added, and we also sought additional expert opinion.

#### How patients were involved in the creation of this article

We sought accounts from children, adolescents, and young adults with ADHD and their parents on their experience of healthcare and include some of these accounts as part of this review to provide essential information on the perceptions of …
T2-Prepared Steady-State Free-Precession Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent MRI in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Normal Volunteers: Validation against PET
Authors: T D Karamitsos, A Reclo-Mayoral, Arnold, L Leccisotti, P Bhamra-Ariza, R K Howells, N Searle, Robson, O E Rimoldi, P G Camici, S Neubauer, J B Selvanayagam
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Destruction of Human Solid Tumors by Alkyl Lysophospholipids2
Authors: Michael H. Runge, Reinhard Andreesen, Albrecht Pfleiderer, Paul G. Munder
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Alkyl lysophospholipids (ALP) are synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring 2-lysophosphatidylcholine. The effect of ALP on the proliferation of 22 different gynecologic malignant tumors in humans was studied in vitro. ALP caused progressive death of tumor cells over 24-96 hours. In addition, tumor specimens from the tested human tumors were xenotransplanted into NMRI nude mice. ALP induced a highly significant retardation of the in vivo growing human tumors. Neither oral nor iv administration of these compounds caused any recognizable side effects.
Effects of swimming on lung inflammation in ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged mice
Authors: Thayse Regina Bruggemann, Leonardo César Melo Ávila, Bárbara Fortkamp, Morgana Duarte da Silva, Franciane Bobinski, Leidiane Mazzardo-Martins, Daniel Fernandes Martins, Adair Roberto Soares Santos, Deborah de Camargo Hizume
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background : Epidemiologic studies have suggested that aerobic exercise decreases asthma prevalence and severity, improving aerobic capacity. However, the effects of high intensity exercise during sensitization on lung inflammation in asthma are still unclear.  Objective : To evaluate the effects of high intensity exercise during sensitization process on lung inflammation in an experimental model of allergic pulmonary inflammation.  Methods : Male Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups: mice non-sensitized, non-exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) or submitted to exercise (Control, n=12); animals submitted to swimming (30 min/day for 21 days) (Exercise, n=7); animals OVA-sensitized (OVA 10 µg) and exposed to aerosolized OVA 1%, (30 min, each 48 hours during four days) (OVA, n= 9) and animals sensitized, submitted to swimming and exposed to OVA (OVA+Ex, n=11). 48 hours after last exposure to OVA/saline, anesthetized mice were euthanized and we performed measures of total inflammatory cells from bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-1ra and immunoglobulin IgE by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).  Results : Swimming sessions decreased total number of cells from BALF, as well as IgE, IL-4 and IL-5 levels in OVA sensitized and challenged mice (p Conclusion : In this experimental model exercise decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, but also decreased regulatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, maybe suggesting that during high intensity exercise, anti-inflammatory effects are not mediated by regulatory cytokines in sensitization process in allergic pulmonary inflammation.
&lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; Transformation by an Avian Adenovirus (CELO). II. Hamster Kidney Cell Cultures&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Jeffrey Anderson, Vance J. Yates, V. Jasty, O. Lawrence Mancini
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Journal Article In Vitro Transformation by an Avian Adenovirus (CELO). II. Hamster Kidney Cell Cultures Get access Jeffrey Anderson, Jeffrey Anderson Department of Animal Pathology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Vance J. Yates, Vance J. Yates Department of Animal Pathology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. Jasty, V. Jasty Department of Animal Pathology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar O. Lawrence Mancini O. Lawrence Mancini Department of Animal Pathology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 43, Issue 1, July 1969, Pages 65–70, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/43.1.65 Published: 01 July 1969 Article history Received: 05 November 1968 Accepted: 02 April 1969 Published: 01 July 1969
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis by feather duvet: A series of Vall d'Hebron Hospital
Authors: Ferran Morell, Ana Villar, Susana Gomez-Olles, Maria Jesus Cruz, Maria Dolores Untoria, Xavier Muñoz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

INTRODUCTION: Exposure to avian proteins is a frequent cause of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP). We describe a series of NH secondary to exposure to feather duvet.  MATERIAL AND METHODS:In the outpatient clinic of interstitial lung disease during the years 2004-2011, 28 patients were diagnosed with HP with definite causality from exposure to feathers contained in the feather duvet. Diagnosis criteria: diagnosis of NH, contact with feather duvet coincident with the onset of symptoms; IgG + and / or positive bronchial challenge test (BCT). In neither case had history of exposure to any agent known as a producer of NH.  RESULTS:15 male; mean age 59 years. Presentation was acute in 5, subacute in 4 and chronic in 19 cases. Auscultation was normal in 10 patients, revealed crackles in 17 and wheezing in 1. FVC mean was 67.57%, DLCO 52.60%. IgG+ in front of avian antigens in 11/24, and in front of fungi in 16/24. A culture of feather duvet was positive for fungi in 6 cases. The BCT was positive in 8/11 in front of avian antigens and 4/7 against fungi. Pathological study was performed in 16/28 patients, showing a characteristic pattern of subacute NH in 6/16, consistent with NH in 8/16 and UIP pattern in 2/16. Surgical lung biopsy (BPQ) was performed during the study in 7 cases and revised from the samples of another center in 7. During the follow up lung transplantation, was performed in 4 patients (2 of them already had previous BPQ).  CONCLUSIONS:Our study confirms that exposure to a minimum but persistent agent may be sufficient for disease development. Diagnosis at an advanced stage of chronic NH is common. Project funded by FIS PI1001577 (ISCIII) and SEPAR 2010.
Effects of Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin in Patients with Recent Lacunar Stroke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Lacunar infarcts are a frequent type of stroke caused mainly by cerebral small-vessel disease. The effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention has not been defined.We conducted a double-blind, multicenter trial involving 3020 patients with recent symptomatic lacunar infarcts identified by magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 75 mg of clopidogrel or placebo daily; patients in both groups received 325 mg of aspirin daily. The primary outcome was any recurrent stroke, including ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage.The participants had a mean age of 63 years, and 63% were men. After a mean follow-up of 3.4 years, the risk of recurrent stroke was not significantly reduced with aspirin and clopidogrel (dual antiplatelet therapy) (125 strokes; rate, 2.5% per year) as compared with aspirin alone (138 strokes, 2.7% per year) (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 1.16), nor was the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.09) or disabling or fatal stroke (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.64). The risk of major hemorrhage was almost doubled with dual antiplatelet therapy (105 hemorrhages, 2.1% per year) as compared with aspirin alone (56, 1.1% per year) (hazard ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.71; P<0.001). Among classifiable recurrent ischemic strokes, 71% (133 of 187) were lacunar strokes. All-cause mortality was increased among patients assigned to receive dual antiplatelet therapy (77 deaths in the group receiving aspirin alone vs. 113 in the group receiving dual antiplatelet therapy) (hazard ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.04; P=0.004); this difference was not accounted for by fatal hemorrhages (9 in the group receiving dual antiplatelet therapy vs. 4 in the group receiving aspirin alone).Among patients with recent lacunar strokes, the addition of clopidogrel to aspirin did not significantly reduce the risk of recurrent stroke and did significantly increase the risk of bleeding and death. (Funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and others; SPS3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00059306.).
Non-invasive measurement of respiratory impedance in unsedated healthy infants
Authors: Diane Gray, Dorottya Czövek, Lauren Willemse, Ane Alberts, Zoltán Gingl, Heather J. Zar, Peter D. Sly, Zoltán Hantos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Assessing lung mechanics non-invasively in healthy infants offers the potential to better understand lung growth and function. The forced oscillation technique (FOT) requires minimal co-operation from the patient, but has rarely been used in infants.  Aim: To assess the feasibility of a modified FOT to measure respiratory mechanics in unsedated infants.  Method: Infants enrolled in a birth cohort study in South Africa had lung function measured at 6 to 10 weeks of age using FOT. Respiratory impedance (Zrs) was measured in the frequency range 8-48 Hz via a facemask during natural sleep. Respiratory system resistance (R), compliance (C) and inertance (I) were calculated from the Zrs data.  Results: Of the 219 infants tested, 198 (90%) infants had successful measurements. The mean (SD) values of R, C and I were 52.2 (18.1) hPa.s.L-1, 0.83 (0.4) mL.hPa-1 and 0.071 (0.041) hPa.s2.L-1, respectively. Gender was a determinant for R and C, while C was significantly affected by maternal smoking during pregnancy.  Conclusion: The modified FOT technique is a feasible method for measuring respiratory mechanics in healthy unsedated infants. The FOT has the potential to be used as a tool in the assessment of determinates of early lung function.
Immediate and Time-Dependent Effects of Glucose on Insulin Release from Rat Pancreatic Tissue
Authors: Valdemar Grill, Ulf Adamson, Erol Cerasi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Glucose-induced insulin secretion is enhanced by a preceeding glucose stimulus. The characteristics of this action of glucose were investigated in perfused pancreas and collagenase-isolated islets of Langerhans. A 20- to 30-min pulse of 27.7 mM glucose enhanced both the first and second phase of insulin release in response to a second glucose stimulus by 76-201%. This enhancement was apparent as an augmented maximal insulin release response to glucose. The effect of priming with glucose was seen irrespective of whether the pancreatic tissue was obtained from fed or fasted rats. Separating the two pulses of hexose by a 60-min time interval of exposure to 3.3 mM glucose did not abolish the potentiation of the second pulse. Omission of Ca++ as well as the inclusion of somatostatin or mannoheptulose during the first pulse abolished insulin secretion during this time period; however, only the inclusion of mannoheptulose deleted the potentiation of the second pulse. d-Glyceraldehyde, but not pyruvate, d-galactose, or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, could substitute for glucose in inducing potentiation.
Abstract 259: Lipid-Based Oxygen Microparticles Do Not Change in Size Following Intravenous or Intraosseous Injection
Authors: John Kheir, Katie Black, James Reese, Francis McGowan
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background. Lipid-based oxygen microparticles (LOMs) have been developed for intravascular oxygen delivery. The size of these particles is important to the safety and efficacy of the suspension following injection, and the particles may change in size following the trauma of injection into an intravenous (IV) or intraosseous (IO) line. Hypothesis. The size distribution of gas filled particles will not change following injection through an IV or an IO line. Methods. Because LOMs are rapidly consumed in living animals, we utilized an asanguinous, post-mortem model to test the effect of infusion on particle sizes. The circulatory system of a 4.5 kg rabbit was flushed with saline. We placed a 4 French Cordis sheath into the right femoral vein and a 15 gauge Jamshidi intraosseous needle into the left forelimb. The central veins were dissected out for sampling of LOMs following injection. Eight-20 mL aliquots of LOMs were prepared by admixing a lipid-based solution with oxygen gas under high energy conditions. Particle size distribution of each aliquot was characterized by light scatter (Particle Sizing Systems). Each aliquot was hand injected into either an IO (n=4) or a central venous line (n=4) at 60 mL/minute. During each infusion, samples of LOM were visualized flowing within veins (LOMs are bright white), and were withdrawn by direct puncture of the vein. The particle size distribution of post-infusion samples was again determined by light scatter. Size distributions were compared prior to and following each infusion type by a Mann Whitney test. Results. Suspensions contained a mean diameter of 6.45±3.08 microns prior to infusion, 7.38±4.84 microns following IV infusion and 6.31±4.28 microns following IO infusion. Compared to pre-infusion sizes, particle size distributions did not differ following either IV (p=0.8399) or IO (p=0.8621) infusions (see Figure). Conclusions. In a post-mortem model, LOMs do not change in size following injection through an IV or an IO line.
Oxygen use and nasal symptoms
Authors: Helen Meredith, Alison Cran, Menelaos Pipis, James Goldring
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

It is recognised that oxygen should be prescribed as a drug, but little has been studied about the comfort or side effects of oxygen.  Aim:  We wished to see if oxygen had significant nasal side effects for our in-patients.  Method:  A snapshot questionnaire was asked to all patients on oxygen on the medical wards of our large teaching hospital during a one week period.  We used the Lund score, using predominantly questions in the nasal domain (rating 1-4; normal to severe), to compare their symptoms pre and during admission.  Results:  24 patients were able to answer the questionnaire; the majority were on nasal oxygen and using it for more than 2 days. 42% reported that oxygen wasn9t comfortable, but there was only a significant difference in the symptom of a dry throat (mean difference 0.71, p= 0.009). 4 patients had worsening epistaxis whilst in hospital; 2 rating that as severe.  Discussion:  In our patient group using predominantly nasal non-humidfied oxygen there was no change in nasal symptoms; it is possible this was ameliorated by the use of steroids in some. However, nearly half found some aspect of oxygen use uncomfortable, and this further supports the need for care regarding the prescription of this drug.