tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The lung cancer patient in the emergency department
Authors: Anne Pascale Meert, Julie Gorham, Thierry Berghmans, Jean Paul Sculier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  – Currently, there are very few data in the literature on the causes of emergency department consultation for lung cancer patients, leading us to review the records of patients with lung cancer who presented at the emergency room of our cancer institute in order to determine the importance of emergencies and the main causes.   Methods:  – We conducted a retrospective study including all patients with lung cancer consulting at the emergency department over a three years period (1st January 2008 and 31st December 2010).   Results:  – Among 6575 consultations, 548 (8.3%) were selected, corresponding to 269 patients with lung cancer (out of 626 patients with lung cancer treated in our institution during the same period). Their main characteristics were: men/women 169/100, median age 61 years, non small cell lung cancer/small cell lung cancer 234/35, stage I/II/III/IV 7/3/42/217. The main reasons of consultation were respiratory symptoms (22.3%), fever (19.9%), pain (16.3%) and digestive symptoms (13.5%). Symptoms were due directly to cancer in 32.3%, to a cancer complication in 14.4% and to anticancer treatment in 20.3% of the cases.  The majority of the consultations lead to hospital admission: 54.5% were admitted in normal ward and 8.2% in the Intensive Care Unit. Median duration of hospitalisation was 9 days. Over the 344 hospitalisations, 61 deaths occurred (17.7%).   Conclusion:  – Our study shows that lung cancer patients represent only 8% of the patients consulting in the emergency department. About half of the lung cancer patients have at least one consultation in emergency during their disease mainly for pain and respiratory problems.
Physical activity trajectories and lung function: The 1993 Pelotas birth cohort
Authors: Fernando C. Wehrmeister, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Ludmila C. Muniz, Marcelo C. Silva, Ricardo B. Noal, Pedro C. Hallal, Rogelio Perez-Padilla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Practice of physical activity is stimulated by the United Nations. Ithas been considered a protective factor for several chronic diseases. Inconsistencies are found in the literature to evaluate the association between physical activity and parameters of lung function in adolescentsObjective: To evaluate the association between physical activity trajectories from 11 to 15 years old and lung function at 15 years. Methods: The original cohort comprised 5,249 hospital born children during the calendar year of 1993 in Pelotas, Brazil. In 2004-5 and 2008-9, all cohort members were sought for follow-up visits. Physical activity was measured at ages 11 and 15 and then classified into active or inactive (>300 min/week) in both periods. At the 2008-9 visit, when participants were 15 years-old, pre and post-bronchodilator spirometry was performed. Linear regression was used and all analyses were stratified by sex. Results: Out of the 5,249 original members of the cohort, 4,325 were located at 15 years of age, and 4,100 performed spirometry. In girls, those who were active in leisure time in both periods have better % predicted FVC [β=3.239 (95%CI 0.638; 5.840)] and FEV6 [β=0.086 (95% CI 0.007; 0.165)] than those who where inactive in the two time periods. Also in girls, those who became active at 15 years of age had higher PEF than those inactive at 11 and 15 years of age. In boys, only those who became inactive in leisure time had worse PEF [β=-0.170 (95% CI -0.331; -0.009)] than boys inactive at ages 11 and 15. Conclusions: It was concluded that leisure-time physical activity during adolescence mainly among girls was associated with better lung function parameters effort dependent.
Climate change: things we can do
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Those of us who’ve been banging on about the threat of climate change to human health for longer than we care to remember should take heart. Hot on the heels of the Pope’s encyclical on the environment, we have an encyclical of a different kind, from the Lancet Commission on Health and Climate Change.

Pope Francis’s intervention is as unusual as it is welcome (http://bit.ly/1duI5vP). While previous papal encyclicals have been directed mainly at Roman Catholics, Pope Francis seeks to “enter into a dialogue with all people about our common home.” Basing his strongly worded comments explicitly on environmental science, he says that “the planet is reaching breaking point” and urges …
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Heel Developing at Site of Previous Frostbite
Authors: C G Rossis, A M Yiacoumettis, J Elemenoglou
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1982)

Ten cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the heel previously affected by frostbite are reported. They had a similar natural history, location and histological appearance. All were treated by excision, and follow up over periods of 2-5 years has not revealed metastases.
Nedocromil sodium inhibits the early and late asthmatic response to exercise
Authors: B Speelberg, NP Verhoeff, NJ van den Berg, CH Oosthoek, CL van Herwaarden, PL Bruijnzeel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

A double-blind, crossover study was carried out to investigate the effect of nedocromil sodium on the dual asthmatic response to exercise challenge. Nineteen patients with a late response to bicycle exercise were randomly treated on two study days with 4 mg nedocromil sodium or a matched placebo aerosol, 30 min before commencing exercise. Peak flow was measured before exercise, at intervals up to 60 min after exercise, then hourly for up to 13 h. In 12 of the 19 patients an early reaction to exercise occurred. In 8 of these 12 patients the early reaction could be inhibited by nedocromil sodium (p less than 0.01) although in half of these patients placebo was also shown to be protective. In the case of the late reaction after exercise challenge, 4-13 h after exercise challenge, nine patients were clearly protected by pretreatment with nedocromil sodium (p less than 0.01) when the fall in peak expiratory flow rate was related to the pre-exercise baseline, four patients showed an equal protective effect of placebo and nedocromil sodium, whilst the others were not protected. When the late asthmatic response (fall in peak expiratory flow rate) after exercise challenge was related to control diurnal peak flow values, the number of responses was reduced; the protective effect of nedocromil sodium remained.
Chimeric Mice Lacking Microsomal Prostaglandin E-2 Synthase-1 (mPGES) In Bone Marrow Develop Adverse Left Ventricular Remodelling After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Barry Rubin, Philip Konecny, Armand Keating, Shafie Fazel, Xing-Hua Wang, Denis Angoulvant, Eva Stefanski, Ren-Ke Li, Thomas Lindsay, Per-Johan Jakobsson, Norbert Degousee
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Management of Alcohol Abusing Patients in Accident and Emergency Departments
Authors: M Green, J Setchell, P Hames, G Stiff, R Touquet, R Priest
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1993)

A pilot study was undertaken in the Accident & Emergency (A & E) departments of two central London teaching hospitals to determine if patients who were abusing alcohol and had not received any prior medical treatment or counselling for their drinking problem were amenable to offers of help. During the 24-month study period 104 patients were identified as having a previously untreated alcohol problem, and of these 46% attended an appointment to discuss their drinking habits. The group identified was much smaller than would be expected from the number attending the A & E departments during the study period and the reasons for this are discussed. However, the important observation from the study is that almost half the patients identified as having an alcohol problem returned to the department the following day to seek advice. This suggests that A & E departments are an appropriate place to offer patients initial help about their drinking habits.
Radiologic Atlas of Pulmonary Abnormalities in Children.
Authors: Edward B. Singleton, Milton L. Wagner, Robert V. Dutton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

This book is an atlas about thoracic abnormalities in infants and children. The authors include computed tomographic, digital subtraction angiographic, ultrasonographic, and a few magnetic resonance (MR) images. They recognize and discuss how changes in the medical treatment of premature infants and the management of infection and pediatric tumors have altered some of the appearances and considerations in these diseases. Oriented toward all aspects of pulmonary abnormalities, the book starts with radiographic techniques and then discusses the normal chest, the newborn, infections, tumors, and pulmonary vascular diseases. There is comprehensive treatment of mediastinal abnormalities and a discussion of airway abnormalities.
Transaortic Chordal Cutting
Authors: Paolo Ferrazzi, Paolo Spirito, Attilio Iacovoni, Alice Calabrese, Katrin Migliorati, Caterina Simon, Samuele Pentiricci, Daniele Poggio, Massimiliano Grillo, Pietro Amigoni, Maria Iascone, Andrea Mortara, Barry J. Maron, Michele Senni, Paolo Bruzzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Randomized phase III trial in elderly patients comparing LV5FU2 with or without irinotecan for first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (FFCD 2001–02)
Authors: T. Aparicio, S. Lavau-Denes, J.M. Phelip, E. Maillard, J.L. Jouve, D. Gargot, M. Gasmi, C. Locher, X. Adhoute, P. Michel, F. Khemissa, T. Lecomte, J. Provençal, G. Breysacher, J.L. Legoux, C. Lepère, J. Charneau, J. Cretin, L. Chone, A. Azzedine, O. Bouché, I. Sobhani, L. Bedenne, E. Mitry, P. Amoyal, D. Auby, J.B. Bachet, M. Baconnier, R. Benoit, O. Berthelet, A. Bidault, C. Bineau, G. Bordes, N. Bouarioua, E. Boucher, O. Boulat, D. Cleau, P. Couzigou, E. Cuillerier, I. Cumin, B. Denis, F. Di Fiore, V. Derias, J. Ezenfis, R. Faroux, A. Gagnaire, G. Gatineau-Sailliant, B. Garcia, D. Genet, A. Gueye, P. Hammel, J.P. Lagasse, B. Landi, C. Lepage, C. Lobry, C. Lombard-Bohas, M. Mabro, R. Mackiewicz, J. Martin, X. Moncoucy, F. Morvan, M. Mozer, M. Pauwels, F. Petit-Laurent, P. Pouderoux, P. Prost, A.M. Queuniet, M. Ramdani, C. Rebischung, P. Rougier, M. Schnee, J.F. Seitz, L. Stefani, J. Taïeb, E. Terrebonne, P. Texereau, J. Thaury, D. Tougeron, A. Weber, F. Ricard, F. Bonnetain, F. Masskouri, C. Choine, F. Guiliani, G. Le Pessec, H. Fattouh, N. Le Provost, C. Girault, M. Schneider
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Transcriptome analysis highlights the conserved difference between embryonic and postnatal-derived alveolar macrophages
Authors: Sophie L. Gibbings, Rajni Goyal, A. Nicole Desch, Sonia M. Leach, Miglena Prabagar, Shaikh M. Atif, Donna L. Bratton, William Janssen, Claudia V. Jakubzick
Journal: Blood (2015)
Asthma and respiratory morbidity thirty years after early childhood bronchiolitis or pneumonia
Authors: Katri Backman, Eija Piippo-Savolainen, Heikki Koskela, Hertta Ollikainen, Matti Korppi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Recent studies have suggested that asthma in adulthood has its origin in early childhood.

Aims: To evaluate asthma occurrence and respiratory health related quality of life in adults after bronchiolitis or pneumonia in infancy.

Methods: A group of patients were followed since hospitalized for bronchiolitis or pneumonia at age <24 months in 1981-82. At the age of 28-31 yrs, data on respiratory symptoms was collected by a posted questionnaire and Saint George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), from 60/78 former bronchiolitis and 24/46 pneumonia patients, and from 166 matched controls. The clinical study consisted of bronchodilatation test and home peak expiratory flow monitoring; 48(62%) and 22(48%) study subjects and 138 controls attended. Asthma was defined by two ways: current doctor-diagnosed and current self-reported (childhood asthma and current asthma-suggestive symptoms in adulthood; doctor diagnosed asthma included).

Results: Both current doctor-diagnosed asthma (31.9% vs. 11.6%; adjusted p=0.003) and self-reported asthma (36.2% vs. 15.2%; 0.004), as well as repeated on-demand use of bronchodilators (35.4% vs. 14.5%; 0.002) and regular use of inhaled corticosteroids (20.8% vs. 8.7%; 0.023) were more common in the former bronchiolitis group than in controls. Both former bronchiolitis and pneumonia patients had higher total scores in SGRQ than controls: bronchiolitis (median 4.3, IQ25-75 0.9-8.3; p<0.001), pneumonia (4.9, 1.5-15.5; 0.002), controls (1.0, 0-5.3).

Conclusion: After hospitalization for bronchiolitis in infancy, an increased risk of asthma, more use of asthma medication and impaired quality of life by SGRQ can be demonstrated in adults at age 28-31 yrs.
Abstract #4604: Therapeutic potential of ARQ 621, a novel Eg5 kinesin inhibitor with low bone marrow toxicity
Authors: Chang-Rung Chen, Syed Ali, Uma Uppalapati, Ron Savage, Chi Wang, Carol Waghorne, Mark Ashwell, Thomas Chan, Robin Goldstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Interest in Eg5 as a molecular target for anti-cancer therapy has increased based on recent work showing that over-expression of this member of the kinesin superfamily promotes both genomic instability and tumorigenicity. However, other inhibitors of Eg5 have been associated with bone marrow suppression, raising concerns about mechanism-related toxicity. We have previously described the biological properties of a novel compound with excellent drug-like properties, designated ARQ 621, which inhibits human Eg5 potently and selectively. In proliferation assays, ARQ 621 showed cytotoxicity against a subset of human cancer cell lines, with corresponding cell cycle analysis confirming a G2/M arrest followed by cell death. ARQ 621 induced characteristic monoasters in proliferating cells, the hallmark of aborted bipolar spindle formation, in every cancer cell line tested to date. Sensitivity to the cell-based cytotoxicity of ARQ 621 in cancer cells predicted responsiveness of these tumors in athymic mouse xenograft models. Anti-tumor activity was documented in the MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cell line, the MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell line, the DU-145 prostate cell line, and the SK-OV-3 ovarian carcinoma cell line following i.p. administration of ARQ 621 (dose ranges: 3.0 to 12.5 mg/kg three times a week). Pharmacodynamically, increases in phospho-histone H3 were documented by both IHC and western blotting. Furthermore, no hematological changes were observed at efficacious doses in xenograft studies with the MIA PaCa-2 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, suggesting that treatment with ARQ 621 did not result in bone marrow toxicity. Myeloid/erythroid ratios in bone marrow smears were normal after 28 days of dosing in both rats and dogs at 30 mg/kg. In summary, ARQ 621 is a clinical stage anti-cancer drug candidate that shows little toxicity among the rapidly dividing cells of the bone marrow.  Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4604.
Treatment of Brain and Spinal Metastases
Authors: J. Hildebrand
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1980)

A prospective study of the distribution of neurological lesions seen during a 5 year-period in 696 consecutive patients admitted to the Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, a general cancer hospital, indicated that almost 75° of these disorders are due to metastases or to local extension of the tumor (1). Among them, brain metastases figure prominently accounting for over 30% of all neurological diseases seen in these cancer patients, whereas spinal metastases are approximately 5 times less frequent.
Novel Therapies in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Jacob P. Laubach, Constantine S. Mitsiades, Anuj Mahindra, Robert L. Schlossman, Teru Hideshima, Dharminder Chauhan, Nicole A. Carreau, Irene M. Ghobrial, Noopur Raje, Nikhil C. Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson, Paul G. Richardson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2009)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell malignancy characterized by aberrant expansion of plasma cells within bone marrow and extramedullary sites. In 2009, 20,580 new cases of MM and 10,580 deaths from the disease occurred in the United States. Treatment traditionally consists of systemic chemotherapy, with adjunctive use of radiation or surgery in selected cases associated with extramedullary disease. The therapeutic landscape in MM has changed markedly in the past decade with the introduction of the novel immunomodulatory agents thalidomide and lenalidomide, and the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Although MM remains an incurable malignancy, new approaches to therapy incorporating these agents have produced significantly higher response rates and improved intervals of both progression-free and overall survival in the context of randomized, controlled trials. In aggregate, the use of novel therapies in MM has been associated with substantial improvements in patient outcome.
Transmission permeability of tuberculosis involving immigrants, revealed by a multicentre analysis of clusters
Authors: N. Alonso Rodríguez, S. Andrés, E. Bouza, M. Herranz, M. J. Ruiz Serrano, D. García de Viedma, E. Palenque, F. Chaves, J. Iñigo, R. Cías, R. Daza, D. Domingo, J. Esteban, J. García, E. Gómez Mampaso
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Three-hour paclitaxel infusion in patients with refractory and relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Authors: A Younes, A Sarris, A Melnyk, J Romaguera, P McLaughlin, F Swan, M A Rodriguez, F Hagemeister, D Moore, L North
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE Paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Princeton, NJ) is a novel antimicrotubule agent with anti-tumor activity against ovarian and breast carcinomas. Its activity when administered as a 3-hour intravenous infusion in patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has not been studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with relapsed NHL were treated with a 3-hour infusion of 200 mg/m2 of Taxol every 3 weeks in an outpatient setting. All patients received premedication (dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, and cimetidine) to prevent allergic reactions. Responses were assessed after two courses of therapy, and patients who achieved at least partial remission (PR) continued to receive Taxol for a maximum of eight courses. RESULTS Of 60 eligible patients, 54 (90%) were assessable for treatment toxicity and 53 (88%) were for treatment response (22 with primary refractory and 31 with relapsed disease). Twelve patients (23%) achieved a PR (n = 6) or complete remission (CR; n = 6) (95% confidence interval, 12% to 36%). Responses were observed in intermediate-grade (31%), low-grade (14%), and mantle-cell (17%) lymphomas. In the intermediate-grade lymphomas, there was a trend for a higher response rate in relapsed versus primary refractory disease (54% v 13%; P = .08). Treatment-related toxicity included alopecia (100%), peripheral neuropathy (37%), myalgia or arthralgia (25%), and neutropenic fever (11%). None of the patients had allergic reactions or cardiac toxicity. CONCLUSION At this dose and schedule, Taxol is an active agent in patients with relapsed NHL and can be safely administered in an outpatient setting. Combination programs with Taxol should be investigated for treatment of NHL.
PROGNOSTIC CRITERIA IN HEBEPHRENIA
Authors: BERNHARDT S. GOTTLIEB
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

From our data the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. Males developed the disorder at a younger age than females. The number of men who became schizophrenic declined more rapidly than that of the females. The earlier the age of onset the less favorable the prognosis. The cases beginning at an early age, also gave evidence of a progressive course more frequently than those commencing later in life. 2. The data concerning the constitution of the patients reveal that individuals of asthenic habitus tend to run a progressive course and as a rule do not get well. Patients of athletic habitus show a greater possibility of recovery in the ratio of one recovery to every three cases. Patients of pyknic and dysplastic habitus as a rule develop an atypical form of hebephrenic schizophrenia and show a tendency to improvement or recovery.
TBCRC009: A multicenter phase II study of cisplatin or carboplatin for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer and evaluation of p63/p73 as a biomarker of response.
Authors: S. J. Isakoff, P. E. Goss, E. L. Mayer, T. A. Traina, L. A. Carey, K. Krag, H. S. Rugo, M. C. Liu, V. Stearns, S. E. Come, D. R. Borger, C. A. Quadrino, D. Finkelstein, J. E. Garber, P. D. Ryan, E. P. Winer, L. W. Ellisen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

1025 Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis compared to other BC subtypes and lacks specific therapeutic targets. Platinum chemotherapy (CTx) may be active in this population. The p53 family members p63 and p73 are expressed in about 40% of TNBC and may predict response to platinum. TBCRC009 is a multicenter single arm phase II study of single agent platinum in metastatic TNBC. Methods: Eligible metastatic TNBC patients (pts) had measurable disease, available archival tumor, ≤ 1 prior metastatic therapy, and no prior platinum CTx. Pts were assigned by physician choice (limited to equal enrollment in each arm) to cisplatin 75mg/m2 or carboplatin AUC=6 every 21 days with optional extension to 28 days after cycle 1. Co-primary endpoints were: 1) Response Rate (RR) and 2) whether tumor p63/p73 expression by qRT-PCR predicts response. Results for endpoint 1 are presented. Results: 86 TNBC pts enrolled between June 2007-Oct 2010. Med age=52 (30−78), 80% White, 8% Black. 64% had ECOG PS=0, 86% had adjuvant CTx, 70% had prior anthracycline and 73% prior taxane. Mean # of disease sites = 2.4; lymph nodes (52), lung (41), bone (25), liver (24). Optional research biopsies were collected from 8 pts. Overall RR was 30.2% (95% CI 22.1%−39.4%), including 4 CR (4.7%), 22 PR (25.6%). All 4 CRs remain progression-free 156, 71, 44, and 24 weeks since study entry, and 3 stopped treatment after 6 cycles. The CBR (CR+PR+SD>6 mo) was 34%. Exploratory subgroup analysis of RR: Cis 37%, Carbo 23%; 1st line 31.7%, 2nd line 20%. Med # cycles = 4 (range 1−19), with 10 pts ≥ 10 cycles. Med PFS = 89 days and 4 pts remain on study at abstract submission. 33% of pts progressed by 6 weeks, but 33% remained on study for ≥ 6 mos. 51 treatment related grade 3/4 toxicities occurred: Gr 4 included neutropenia (1) and HTN (1); Gr3 included fatigue (8), neutropenia (6), anemia (5), hyponatremia (4). Conclusions: First or second line single agent platinum is active and well tolerated in metastatic TNBC with durable CRs and PRs. p63/p73 analysis, additional correlative studies, and BRCA mutation analysis is ongoing. Final updated efficacy analysis for primary endpoint 1 will be presented.