tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Mouse Mammary Tumor Viruses From Primary Tumor Cell Cultures. I. Immunologic and Structural Studies 2
Authors: P. C. Kimball, M. Boehm-Truitt, G. Schochetman, J. Schlom
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Primary cell cultures of mammary tumors from RIII, GR, DD, BALB/cfC3H, and BALB/c mice were prepared by trypsin-EDTA dissociation of tumors. Cultures from these strains contained predominantly cells of epithelial morphology which formed three-dimensional domelike structures. Cultures from RIII, GR, DD, and BALB/cfC3H tumors produced extracellular type-B mouse mammary tumor virus(es) (MuMTV), either in the absence of detectable type-C virus or with less than 1% contamination with type-C virus. This was determined by radioimmunoassays for MuMTV and murine leukemia virus (MuLV) antigens. Only BALB/c cultures produced MuMTV with as much as 3% contaminating MuLV. High levels of MuMTV surface antigen were also found in soluble form in culture supernatants. Virus polypeptide analyses by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels showed that the RIII, BALB/cfC3H, DD, and BALB/c viruses all contained polypeptides characteristic of MuMTV. Primary cultures of mammary tumor cells make available a source of purified MuMTV antigens, structural proteins, and nucleic acids for comparative studies of MuMTV from various mouse strains.
Peripheral blast counts at diagnosis of late isolated bone marrow relapse of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia predict response to salvage chemotherapy and outcome. Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Relapse Study Group.
Authors: C Bührer, R Hartmann, R Fengler, B Rath, M Schrappe, G Janka-Schaub, G Henze
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE In newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a high tumor burden indicates a poor prognosis, while no such link has been established yet after relapse. The impact of the absolute peripheral blast count (PBC) at the time of relapse on the response to salvage chemotherapy after a late isolated bone marrow (BM) relapse is the subject of this prospective analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Since 1983, 260 children with a first isolated BM relapse of ALL that occurred 6 months or later after elective cessation of front-line therapy were enrolled onto four consecutive multicenter trials of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM) Relapse Study Group. All patients received intensive multiagent induction and consolidation chemotherapy for 6 months, followed by maintenance therapy with methotrexate (MTX) and thioguanine for 2 years. Treatment of subclinical meningeal leukemia consisted of high-dose intravenous MTX and intrathecally administered cytostatic drugs, which was augmented by cranial irradiation since 1988. RESULTS At the time relapse was diagnosed, PBC varied considerably among patients (median, 1,060/microL; range, 0 to 106,800/microL). Achievement of a second complete remission (CR) was not significantly different in children without detectable circulating blasts at relapse (37 of 38) and those with moderate (1 to 9,999/microL) PBC (165 of 171). In contrast, only 42 of 51 children with high PBC (&gt; or = 10,000/microL) achieved a second CR (P = .0015). At a median follow-up time of 40 months, the 10-year event-free survival (EFS) probability was significantly (P = .0001) higher in children without circulating blasts (.64) than in children with moderate PBC (.32) or high PBC (.10). There was a preponderance of boys in the group without detectable circulating blasts, while the three PBC-defined groups did not differ with respect to frontline treatment, age at initial diagnosis, age at relapse, time off therapy, or salvage treatment protocol. On sequential univariate and multivariate analysis, only duration of first remission &gt; or = 48 months was an additional independent indicator of adverse prognosis, while preventive cranial irradiation improved outcome independently of PBC. CONCLUSION The absence of blasts on peripheral-blood smears at the time of a first late isolated BM relapse of childhood ALL is associated with a favorable response and prognosis in chemotherapy-treated children, who should be regarded as ineligible for bone marrow transplantation (BMT) unless a second round of chemotherapy has failed to produce a response.
Hurdles in therapy with regulatory T cells
Authors: Piotr Trzonkowski, Rosa Bacchetta, Manuela Battaglia, David Berglund, Hermann Richard Bohnenkamp, Anja ten Brinke, Andrew Bushell, Nathalie Cools, Edward K. Geissler, Silvia Gregori, S. Marieke van Ham, Catharien Hilkens, James A. Hutchinson, Giovanna Lombardi, J. Alejandro Madrigal, Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska, Eva M. Martinez-Caceres, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Silvia Sanchez-Ramon, Aurore Saudemont, Birgit Sawitzki
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Improper activation of the immune system contributes to a variety of clinical conditions, including autoimmune and allergic diseases as well as solid organ and bone marrow transplantation. One approach to counteract this activation is through adoptive therapy with regulatory T cells (Tregs). Efforts to manufacture these cells have led to good maunfacturing practice-compliant protocols, and Treg products are entering early clinical trials. Here, we report the stance of the European Union Cooperation in Science and Technology Action BM1305, "Action to Focus and Accelerate Cell-based Tolerance-inducing Therapies-A FACTT," which identifies hurdles hindering Treg clinical applications in Europe and provides possible solutions.
COPD comorbidities network
Authors: Miguel J. Divo, Ciro Casanova, Jose M. Marin, Victor M. Pinto-Plata, Juan P. de-Torres, Javier J. Zulueta, Carlos Cabrera, Jorge Zagaceta, Pablo Sanchez-Salcedo, Juan Berto, Rebeca Baz Davila, Ana B. Alcaide, Claudia Cote, Bartolome R. Celli
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Multimorbidity frequently affects the ageing population and their co-existence may not occur at random. Understanding their interactions and that with clinical variables could be important for disease screening and management. In a cohort of 1969 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and 316 non-COPD controls, we applied a network-based analysis to explore the associations between multiple comorbidities. Clinical characteristics (age, degree of obstruction, walking, dyspnoea, body mass index) and 79 comorbidities were identified and their interrelationships quantified. Using network visualisation software, we represented each clinical variable and comorbidity as a node with linkages representing statistically significant associations. The resulting COPD comorbidity network had 428, 357 or 265 linkages depending on the statistical threshold used (p≤0.01, p≤0.001 or p≤0.0001). There were more nodes and links in COPD compared with controls after adjusting for age, sex and number of subjects. In COPD, a subset of nodes had a larger number of linkages representing hubs. Four sub-networks or modules were identified using an inter-linkage affinity algorithm and their display provided meaningful interactions not discernible by univariate analysis. COPD patients are affected by larger number of multiple interlinked morbidities which clustering pattern may suggest common pathobiological processes or be utilised for screening and/or therapeutic interventions.
Blunted effects of rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil, on pulmonary arterial pressure in Yak, a high altitude-adapted animal
Authors: Takeshi Ishizaki, Akio Sakai, Baktybek Kojonazarov, Baiserkeev Zamirbek, Shiro Mizuno, Shingo Ameshima, Almaz Aldashev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective:  The aim of this study is to assess the effect of Rho-kinase inhibitor on the pulmonary circulation of Yak living in Tien-Shan Mountains.   Background  :  Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil ,effectively decreased pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in highlanders having high altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) living in Tien -Shan mountain (  Kojonazarov   et al.ERJ 2012; 39(2):496-498). We wonder Rho-kinase actually maintains the pulomonary vascular tone of high-altitude adapted animal, Yak, in Tien-Shan mountains.   Methods : Four male domesticated pure breed Yaks (2 years old, BW 200kg) ,and 2 Bull (2 years old, BW200kg) those were born and grown at the altitude 3000m were included in the study. The study was performed at altitude of 3,100m. Mean PAP was measured before and after 30 minutes of intravenous administration of fasudil by Swan-Ganz catheterization. Fasudil (Eril, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp, Japan) in dose 60 mg in 20ml saline solution were intravenously injected with frequency of 3.3 ml/min. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the NCCIM (Bishkek,Kyrgyzstan)   Results  :  Fasudil, immediately decreased mean PAP in Bull from 88.0±18.0 to 33.0±3.0 mm Hg at post 5min(p=0.01) and maintained decreased level of mean PAP for 30min whereas fasudil had a blunted effect on mean PAP in Yak ; 28.2±4.5mmHg (at start) to 25.1±11.1mmHg( at post 5min) and to 23.2±2.7mmHg (at post 30min).  Conclusion : Rho-kinase as a basal vascular tone regulator does not work in pulmonary circulation in Yak. This is one of the reasons why Yak, a high-altitude adapted animal, has a low pulmonary vascular tone despite the hypoxic–air circumstance.
Update on an exposure system for particles in the diagnosis of occupational asthma
Authors: Y Cloutier, JL Malo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

We have previously designed a system for exposure to particles and described the preliminary results in 20 subjects exposed to occupational sensitizers in powder form (Cloutier Y, et al. - Eur Respir J, 1989; 2: 769). Modifications have been made to the particles generator, exposure chamber and sampling ports. Furthermore, in order to improve the stability of concentrations in the exposure chamber and to make the system easy to operate by a technician, it has been completely automated using closed-loop feedback regulated by a computer program.
Teaching Students of Medicine to Listen: The Missed Diagnosis from a Hidden Agenda
Authors: Samuel Menahem
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

This paper describes the ability of 4 senior students to recognize and deal therapeutically with the hidden agenda of patients — the covert concerns or second diagnosis other than the presenting problem. This naturalistic study was hospital-based and used ambulatory patients with common paediatric problems. The patient encounter was videotaped and subsequently analysed to determine the patient's hidden agenda. The findings indicated that the students had some difficulty in correctly diagnosing the patient's presenting problem or primary diagnosis. They also failed to recognize and deal with their patients’/parents' hidden agendas. The relevance of these findings to patients care is discussed.
Does adding telemonitoring to optimised management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reduce hospital admissions? Randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hilary Pinnock, Lucy McCloughan, Allison Todd, Janet Hanley, Stephanie Lewis, Ashma Krishan, William MacNee, Claudia Pagliari, Aziz Sheikh, Brian McKinstry
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction  Previous trials of telemonitoring in COPD have been confounded by additional supportive clinical care in the intervention group. It is unclear if telemonitoring alone will improve clinical outcomes   Aim  To determine if telemetrically supported self-monitoring of COPD prevents hospital admissions when both groups receive optimised care.   Trial design  Researcher-blind RCT.   Setting  UK primary care.   Methods  Patients with a COPD admission in the previous year were centrally randomised to telemetric or normal monitoring. The primary outcome, assessed at 1 year, was time to first hospital admission with a COPD exacerbation. Other outcomes included number of days in hospital, deaths and health-related quality of life (St George9s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ))   Results  We randomised 256 patients (128 telemonitoring): baseline characteristics were similar. Using an intention-to-treat analysis, there was no difference in time to admission between the groups (adjusted hazard ratio for admission (reference=tele-group) 1.04 (95%CI 0.73 to 1.50). 61 patients in each group had an admission. There was no significant difference in the mean number of of admissions/person (tele-group: 1.2 (SD1.9), control: 1.1 (SD1.6)); bed days (tele-group: 9.4 (SD 19.1) vs usual 8.8 (SD 15.9)); deaths (tele-group: 16, control 21. p=0.38) or SGRQ at 1 year (mean difference: 1.5 (-1.4 to 4.5))   Conclusion  When both groups received optimised care, telemonitoring did not reduce the time to a hospital admission or increase quality of life.   ISRCTN number:  96634935   Funding:  Chief Scientist9s Office of Scottish Government.
Effect of BCG on Alloimmune Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in (C57BL/6J ♀ × A/J ♂)F 1 Mice. I. Effect of Different BCG Treatments on Cytotoxicity Mediated by T-Cells and Macrophages 2
Authors: Martin Davies, Edris Sabbadini
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The effect of BCG on the development of cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) in the spleens of allogeneic tumor-bearing female (C57BL/6Jfemale x A/Jmale)F1 mice was studied. BCG-treated tumor-bearing animals elicited a stronger CMC response than did the untreated tumor-bearing animals. Furthermore, the degree of activation was dependent on the time, route of injection, and dose of BCG. Therefore, if the BCG was administered at suboptimal conditions, a less marked stimulation of the CMC resulted. A combination of a high BCG dose given iv 12 days before implant of P815 tumor cells and a low, second dose given at the time of implant produced the most marked activation of the CMC response. By the use of in vitro technique, the specific CMC was mediated mostly by T-cells, with macrophages making a less significant contribution.
Relationship of Age to Incidence of Breast Cancer in Young Women2
Authors: John A. H. Lee, Pearl G. Chin, Walter A. Kukull, Richard S. Tompkins, Alison F. Weatherall
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Relationship of Age to Incidence of Breast Cancer in Young Women Get access John A. H. Lee, M.D., John A. H. Lee, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pearl G. Chin, M.S., Pearl G. Chin, M.S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter A. Kukull, M.S., Walter A. Kukull, M.S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard S. Tompkins, B.A., Richard S. Tompkins, B.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alison F. Weatherall, B.A. Alison F. Weatherall, B.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 4, October 1976, Pages 753–756, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.4.753 Published: 01 October 1976 Article history Received: 28 October 1975 Accepted: 29 March 1976 Published: 01 October 1976
Pathological findings in histiocytosis X with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Javier Villuela, Jose Cifrian, Beatriz Abascal, Alejandro Daly, Carlos Amado, Sonia Fernandez-Rozas, David Iturbe, Felipe Zurbano, Roberto Mons, Javier Gomez-Román
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objective. To evaluate the hemodynamic characteristics, pulmonary function and pathological findings in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) not explained otherwise.

Methods. A retrospective study was conducted in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Echocardiogram, lung biopsies, lung function tests and hemodynamic registries were reviewed.

Results. Twenty patients were studied, with a mean age of 41 ± 10 years. 8 patients (40%) had severe PH.The median delay between the diagnosis of LCH and PH was 2.1 years. Six minute walk distance was 409 ± 101m. Systolic PAP: 62 ± 9.9 mmHg. FVC was 62±15% of predicted, FEV1 45±21 % and DLco 41±13. All patients were on long-term oxygen therapy. After a median follow-up of 9.1 years,1 patient is clinically stable, 1 patient had died of cardiac arrest while waiting for lung transplant, and 6 patients had undergone lung transplantation with 83% survival at 1 and 3 years. Histopathological lesions studied in explanted lungs suggested a veno-occlusive origin for this kind of complication, with capillary haemangiomatosis-like changes and fibrosis of septa, something that has been rarely described in LCH.

Otherwise, it is interesting to remark the presence of three cases of malignant neoplasias in the global serie. This association has been described as isolated cases in literature review. Two patients suffered from malignant lymphoma and one female patient had an uterine cervix carcinoma.

Conclusions: Pulmonary Hypertension could have a veno-occlusive origin in LCH. A relationship between malignant neoplasias and LCH may be possible.
Associations Between Antibullying Policies and Bullying in 25 States
Authors: Mark L. Hatzenbuehler, Laura Schwab-Reese, Shabbar I. Ranapurwala, Marci F. Hertz, Marizen R. Ramirez
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Bullying is the most widespread form of peer aggression in schools. In an effort to address school bullying, 49 states have passed antibullying statutes. Despite the ubiquity of these policies, there has been limited empirical examination of their effectiveness in reducing students' risk of being bullied.To evaluate the effectiveness of antibullying legislation in reducing students' risk of being bullied and cyberbullied, using data from 25 states in the United States.A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a population-based survey of 63 635 adolescents in grades 9 to 12 from 25 states participating in the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System study (September 2010-December 2011). Data on antibullying legislation were obtained from the US Department of Education (DOE), which commissioned a systematic review of state laws in 2011. The report identified 16 key components that were divided into the following 4 broad categories: purpose and definition of the law, district policy development and review, school district policy components (eg, responsibilities for reporting bullying incidents), and additional components (eg, how policies are communicated). Policy variables from 25 states were linked to individual-level data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System on experiencing bullying and cyberbullying. Analyses were conducted between March 1, 2014, and December 1, 2014.State antibullying legislation.Exposure to bullying and cyberbullying in the past 12 months.There was substantial variation in the rates of bullying and cyberbullying across states. After controlling for relevant state-level confounders, students in states with at least 1 DOE legislative component in the antibullying law had a 24% (95% CI, 15%-32%) reduced odds of reporting bullying and 20% (95% CI, 9%-29%) reduced odds of reporting cyberbullying compared with students in states whose laws had no DOE legislative components. Three individual components of antibullying legislation were consistently associated with decreased odds of exposure to both bullying and cyberbullying: statement of scope, description of prohibited behaviors, and requirements for school districts to develop and implement local policies.Antibullying policies may represent effective intervention strategies for reducing students' risk of being bullied and cyberbullied in schools.
Spontaneous Tumors and Pathologic Lesions in SWR/J Mice23
Authors: L. S. Rabstein, R. L. Peters, G. J. Spahn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

A colony of SWR/J mice was studied for a life history profile. Of 671 mice, 3–30 months old, examined histologically, 414 (61.7%) had 1 or more tumors. The incidence of lung tumors was 36%. Mammary tumors were present in 29.7% of the females. Among the rare tumors observed were 3 epidermoid carcinomas of the forestomach, 1 adenocarcinoma each of the glandular stomach and duodenum, and 4 pheochromocytomas of the adrenal medulla. Non-neoplastic proliferation occurred occasionally in the biliary tract and frequently in the male adrenal medulla.
Risk factors associated to surgical treatment of parapneumonic effusion and empyema
Authors: Renata Báez-Saldaña, Héctor Molina-Corona, María Elena Martínez-Rendón, Araceli Santillán-Martínez, Araceli Escobar-Rojas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction 

Currently there is no clear data to define the point at which a patient with parapneumonic effusion and empyema should proceed to surgical intervention and little is known about its associated risk factors.

Objective 

To identify risk factors associated to surgical treatment in patients with parapneumonic effusion and empyema.

Material and Methods 

Prospective cohort of consecutive patients with parapneumonic effusion and empyema. Variables recorded: clinical characteristics, pleural fluid features, risk categorization for a poor outcome in patients with parapneumonic effusions and empyema, surgical treatment as outcome and its associated risk factors.

Results 

217 patients were included, of these 52 (24%) had parapeumonic effusion and 165 (76%) had empyema. 163 (75.11%) were men, 72 (33.17%) had diabetes. 100 cases (46%) had two or more loculations, 32 of these cases did not proceed to surgical treatment. 116 (53.45%) were risk category 4 and 105 (48.38%) required surgical treatment.

Mutivariate analysis revealed an increasing likelihood for surgical treatment with two or more loculations OR 2.94(IC 95% 1.54-5.63 p=0.001), more than 12000 leukocytes RM 2.30(IC 95% 1.23-4.31 p=0.009), diabetes RM 2.23(IC 95% 1.12–4.46 p=0.023), risk categorization for a poor outcome in empyema RM 9.59(IC 95% 1.12–8.23 p=0.000) and age RM 0.98(IC 95% 0.96–0.99 p=0.046).

Conclusions 

Surgical treatment decision is based on local protocols, institutional experience and individual case management with a flexible sequence of procedures.However, two or more loculations, risk categorization for a poor outcome in parapneumonic effusion and empyema, diabetes and leukocytosis are good predictors for surgical treatment.
Phase I trial of continuous infusion carboplatin and etoposide in children with refractory acute leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study.
Authors: P D Sadowitz, R Dubowy, A Souid, B H Pollock, H Weinstein, R T Parmley, W P Bowman, V Land, T Vats, C Pratt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE The purpose of this phase I study was to determine the toxicities and response to continuous infusion carboplatin in combination with a fixed dose of etoposide (VP-16) in children with refractory acute leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS From January 1989 to February 1992, 20 patients received 28 courses of treatment. Each course of treatment consisted of a 1-hour intravenous (IV) infusion of VP-16 100 mg/m2/d for 5 days, followed by a 23-hour IV infusion of carboplatin each day. The initial, total 5-day dose of carboplatin (1,000 mg/m2) was escalated by 250- to 375-mg increments to a final, total dose of 1,875 mg/m2 over 5 days. RESULTS Significant marrow suppression was observed in all patients, with prolonged marrow aplasia at the 1,875-mg/m2 dose level. Grade III diarrhea occurred in three patients; 10 patients experienced life-threatening infection and three had severe thrombocytopenic bleeding. Major marrow responses (two complete remissions and two partial remissions) occurred in four patients (20%). CONCLUSION In view of the apparent antileukemic efficacy and minimal extramedullary toxicity, carboplatin deserves further study in a phase II trial.