tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5128: Upregulation of epsin in breast cancer and critical role of epsin in promoting cancer growth and metastasis.
Authors: Xiaofeng Cai, Satish Pasula, Baojun Chang, Scott Hahn, John McManus, Hong Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that deficiency of epsins, a family of endocytic clathrin adaptor proteins, decreases tumor growth by enhancing VEGF signaling in endothelial cells and causing dysfunctional tumor angiogenesis. However, the role of epsin in cancer cells is unclear. Our preliminary data indicate that epsins are upregulated in various human cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovary cancer, cervix cancer, bladder cancer, and esophagus cancer. Here, we determined the role of epsin in cancer cells in regulating breast cancer growth and metastasis. Increased epsin level was found in ER(+/-) and/or PR(+/-) human breast cancer cell lines including MDA-MB-231, BT-20, ZR751, MCF7 and T47D, and in mouse breast cancer cell lines, such as 168FARN and 4T1. The level of epsins was also considerably augmented in tumors derived from MMTV-PyMT spontaneous breast cancer mouse model at different progressive stages. We observed a correlative increase in epsin expression with cancer progression in MMTV-PyMT mice. We also generated stable epsin-deficient MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells. Epsin deficiency markedly inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Xenograft mouse models of epsin-deficient breast cancer cells revealed striking reduction in tumorigenesis and lung metastasis. Lung metastasis by tail-vein injection of epsin-deficient MDA-MB-231 cells was also decreased compared to controls. Mechanistically, we showed that epsin-deficiency induced morphological change from mesenchamal-like to epitheial-like in MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating a reversal of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) to Mesenchymal-Epithelial-Transition (MET). Moreover, epsin-deficiency increased E-cadherin expression but decreased vimentin, and EMT inducing genes snail/slug expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. Epsin-deficiency also dramatically reduced cyclin D1 expression and Rb activation. Accordingly, elevated E-cadherin but attenuated vimentin, slug and cyclin D1 were observed in tumor tissues or lung tissues isolated from epsin-deficient MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 tumor models. Conversely, overexpression of epsin in MDA-MB-231 cells enhanced cyclin D1 and vimentin expression. Collectively, epsin promotes breast tumor growth and metastasis through coordinated regulation of cell cycle and EMT. Our study provides a basis for novel therapeutic targets for anti-cancer treatments. Citation Format: Xiaofeng Cai, Satish Pasula, Baojun Chang, Scott Hahn, John McManus, Hong Chen. Upregulation of epsin in breast cancer and critical role of epsin in promoting cancer growth and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5128. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5128
Time to Appendectomy and Risk of Perforation in Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Frederick Thurston Drake, Neli E. Mottey, Ellen T. Farrokhi, Michael G. Florence, Morris G. Johnson, Charles Mock, Scott R. Steele, Richard C. Thirlby, David R. Flum
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

In the traditional model of acute appendicitis, time is the major driver of disease progression; luminal obstruction leads inexorably to perforation without timely intervention. This perceived association has long guided clinical behavior related to the timing of appendectomy.To evaluate whether there is an association between time and perforation after patients present to the hospital.Using data from the Washington State Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program (SCOAP), we evaluated patterns of perforation among patients (≥18 years) who underwent appendectomy from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2011. Patients were treated at 52 diverse hospitals including urban tertiary centers, a university hospital, small community and rural hospitals, and hospitals within multi-institutional organizations.The main outcome of interest was perforation as diagnosed on final pathology reports. The main predictor of interest was elapsed time as measured between presentation to the hospital and operating room (OR) start time. The relationship between in-hospital time and perforation was adjusted for potential confounding using multivariate logistic regression. Additional predictors of interest included sex, age, number of comorbid conditions, race and/or ethnicity, insurance status, and hospital characteristics such as community type and appendectomy volume.A total of 9048 adults underwent appendectomy (15.8% perforated). Mean time from presentation to OR was the same (8.6 hours) for patients with perforated and nonperforated appendicitis. In multivariate analysis, increasing time to OR was not a predictor of perforation, either as a continuous variable (odds ratio = 1.0 [95% CI, 0.99-1.01]) or when considered as a categorical variable (patients ordered by elapsed time and divided into deciles). Factors associated with perforation were male sex, increasing age, 3 or more comorbid conditions, and lack of insurance.There was no association between perforation and in-hospital time prior to surgery among adults treated with appendectomy. These findings may reflect selection of those at higher risk of perforation for earlier intervention or the effect of antibiotics begun at diagnosis but they are also consistent with the hypothesis that perforation is most often a prehospital occurrence and/or not strictly a time-dependent phenomenon. These findings may also guide decisions regarding personnel and resource allocation when considering timing of nonelective appendectomy.
Fiber Feeding—Fad or Finger of Fate?
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1976)

If the way to a man's heart is through his stomach, should women be advised to feed their men heaps of wheat bran, beans, lightly milled cereals, and other fiber-rich foods? Such foods, some authorities suggest, reduce the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease.<sup>1</sup>Dietary fiber, it is claimed, also reduces the risk of colonic cancer<sup>2</sup>by accelerating elimination of carcinogens, which are produced by bacterial action on bile acids. The protective action of fiber may even extend to other diseases—diverticulitis,<sup>3</sup>appendicitis, varicose veins, phlebitis, diabetes<sup>4</sup>—that afflict Western man. If only on the principle that "man is what he eats," it could also stiffen his moral fiber! Claims for the salubrious effects of dietary fiber are not an outgrowth of knowledge about its laxative properties. They stem from epidemiologic observations bolstered by historical perspective and recent experimental studies. Epidemiologic observations have been confined largely to regions
Effects of bariatric surgery on human small artery function: evidence for reduction in perivascular adipocyte inflammation, and restoration of normal anticontractile activity despite persistent obesity
Authors: R Aghamohammadzadeh, Adam Greenstein, R Yadav, Maria Jeziorska, S Hama, P Pemberton, H Soran, B Ammori, AM Heagerty
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Letter: Effect of beta-receptor stimulation on the platelet count.
Authors: J Kutti, S Safai-Kutti, U Smith, T William-Olsson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

be widespread I now accept the majority view that there should be a second person present to give the anaesthetic; but this would bring no gain in safety unless that person fully understood and kept constantly in mind the peculiar danger of anaesthesia in the dental chair.Whether this person needs to be qualified in medicine or dentistry is open to question.I think not and have suggested67 the establishment of an alterna- tive grade.-Iam, etc.,
Hodgkin lymphoma in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Gary M. Clifford, Martin Rickenbach, Mauro Lise, Luigino Dal Maso, Manuel Battegay, Julia Bohlius, Emmanuelle Boffi El Amari, Urs Karrer, Gernot Jundt, Andrea Bordoni, Silvia Ess, Silvia Franceschi
Journal: Blood (2009)
Reducing Physician Visits for Colds Through Consumer Education
Authors: Carl R. Roberts, Peter B. Imrey, James D. Turner, Michael C. Hosokawa, Joan M. Alster
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial was conducted to determine if self-care instructions, coupled with a health education program, could reduce unnecessary visits to physicians for minor respiratory illness. A symptom-based algorithm was developed for determining the necessity of a physician visit and provided, along with a brief educational package on proper care of the common cold, to a randomly selected group of 433 families attending a family practice clinic. Subsequent clinic visits by family members were monitored and evaluated in relation to the algorithm, and results were compared with those obtained from a control group of 444 families. The subsequent rate of visits for upper respiratory tract infections classified as unnecessary using the algorithm was 44% lower in the test as compared with the control group, while the rate of necessary visits was only 15% lower. No increase was seen in complications of upper respiratory tract infections. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:1986-1989)
Access to the American Health Care System: Consequences for Cancer Control
Authors: M. Lerner
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1989)

care system.It will speculate about the im plications of these discrepancies, espe cially in access, for cancer prevention and control.Perhaps now more than ever, cancer control programs targeted specifically to the disadvantaged may have a salubrious effect not merely on the disadvantaged themselves, but on American society as a whole.This is at least in part because the entire society bearstheburden of illness among all of its segments, and cancer is becoming an increasingly severe problem among the disadvantaged relative to the general population.This gap is likely to become wider rather than narrower in the near future. Background:Rising Costs And Cost-ContainmentDespite all efforts at control, expenditures for health services have risen rapidly for at least the past 25 to 30 years, and especially since the establishment in 1965 of the two giant public programs, Medicare and Med icaid.Health care now consumes about 11.5 percent of the country's gross national product, compared with about 3.5 percent 25 years ago.Both Medicare and Medicaid essen tially accomplished their objectives, i.e., to improve access to health care services for the aged and the poor.These programs
Disruption of p53 in human cancer cells alters the responses to therapeutic agents
Authors: Fred Bunz, Paul M. Hwang, Chris Torrance, Todd Waldman, Yonggang Zhang, Larry Dillehay, Jerry Williams, Christoph Lengauer, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

We have examined the effects of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents on human colon cancer cell lines in which the p53 pathway has been specifically disrupted by targeted homologous recombination. We found that p53 had profound effects on drug responses, and these effects varied dramatically depending on the drug. The p53-deficient cells were sensitized to the effects of DNA-damaging agents as a result of the failure to induce expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. In contrast, p53 disruption rendered cells strikingly resistant to the effects of the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the mainstay of adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer. The effects on 5-FU sensitivity were observed both in vitro and in vivo, were independent of p21, and appeared to be the result of perturbations in RNA, rather than DNA, metabolism. These results have significant implications for future efforts to maximize therapeutic efficacy in patients with defined genetic alterations.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone
Authors: Donald A. Feinfeld
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CENTRAL nervous system diseases of many types have been associated with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH),<sup>1,2</sup>including infections, trauma, hemorrhage, and porphyria. We have recently observed a patient in whom SIADH developed following cavernous sinus thrombosis. There was no other apparent cause of excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release or production. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 74-year-old Jamaican-born woman was admitted to another service of the hospital after two days of swelling, tenderness, and loss of vision in her right eye. She denied any trauma to the eye or head. Her previous history was unremarkable except for essential hypertension of about 20 years' duration, treated only with methyldopa. She was not diabetic and denied smoking or drinking alcohol. At admission, physical examination results showed a temperature of 38 °C and a blood pressure of 220/110 mm Hg. There were no signs of head trauma. The right
Cerebral Dominance and Anatomic Asymmetry
Authors: Norman Geschwind
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Among Paul Broca's important contributions one of the most dramatic was the demonstration that aphasias resulted almost exclusively from lesions of the left hemisphere. This phenomenon of cerebral dominance — i.e., the superiority of one cerebral hemisphere in acquiring certain kinds of learned behavior — is a distinctive biologic attribute of man, and is, as far as is now known, either absent or poorly developed in any other mammal. For many years it was assumed that dominance existed only for speech and handedness, which were regarded as tightly linked. But the last 30 years have shown that each hemisphere is . . .
EXPRESSION OF LYSYL OXIDASE-LIKE 2 (LOXL2) CORRELATES WITH LEFT ATRIAL SIZE AND FIBROTIC GENE EXPRESSION IN HUMAN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Hongyan Zhong, Xiao-Huan Liang, Stefan Neef, Aron Popov, Lars S. Maier, Lina Yao, Luiz Belardinelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Human Protein C Receptor Is Present Primarily on Endothelium of Large Blood Vessels
Authors: Zoltan Laszik, Alexander Mitro, Fletcher B. Taylor, Gary Ferrell, Charles T. Esmon
Journal: Circulation (1997)

The protein C anticoagulant pathway is critical to the control of hemostasis. Thrombomodulin and a newly identified receptor for protein C/activated protein C, EPCR, are both present on endothelium. EPCR augments activation of protein C by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex.To gain a better understanding of the relationship between thrombomodulin and EPCR, we compared the cellular specificity and tissue distributions of these two receptors by using immunohistochemistry. EPCR expression was detected almost exclusively on endothelium in human and baboon tissues. In most organs, EPCR was expressed relatively intensely on the endothelium of all arteries and veins, most arterioles, and some postcapillary venules. EPCR staining was usually negative on capillary endothelial cells. In contrast, thrombomodulin was detected at high concentrations in both large vessels and capillary endothelium. Both thrombomodulin and EPCR were expressed poorly on brain capillaries. The liver sinusoids were the only capillaries in which EPCR was expressed at moderate levels and thrombomodulin was low. EPCR and thrombomodulin were both expressed on the endothelium of vasa recta in the renal medulla, the lymph node subcapsular and medullary sinuses, and some capillaries within the adrenal gland. Even in these organs the majority of capillaries were EPCR negative or stained weakly.These studies suggest that EPCR may be important in enhancing protein C activation on large vessels. The presence of high levels of EPCR on arterial vessels may help explain why partial protein C deficiency is a weak risk factor for arterial thrombosis.
Altered FXR signalling is associated with bile acid dysmetabolism in short bowel syndrome-associated liver disease
Authors: Prue M. Pereira-Fantini, Susan Lapthorne, Susan A. Joyce, Nicole L. Dellios, Guineva Wilson, Fiona Fouhy, Sarah L. Thomas, Michelle Scurr, Colin Hill, Cormac G.M. Gahan, Paul D. Cotter, Peter J. Fuller, Winita Hardikar, Julie E. Bines
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Assessment of Susceptibility to Pertussis in Individuals with Atopic Conditions Other Than Asthma
Authors: N.E. Rigelman-Hedberg, A.S. Hettinger, L.R. Fink, H. Kita, R. Jacobson, B. Yawn, X. Li, K. Bailey, Y.J. Juhn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme and angiotensinogen gene interaction and prediction of essential hypertension
Authors: Anna Vašků, Miroslav Souček, Vladimír Znojil, Ivan Řiháček, Svatava Tschöplová, Lenka Střelcová, Karel Cídl, Michaela Blažková, Dobroslav Hájek, Lydie Hollá, Jiří Vácha
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Advances in the Treatment of Menstrual Dysfunction
Authors: John W. Huffman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This small volume comprises a symposium on the treatment of menstrual dysfunctions held in April, 1963. Most of the participants are well known for their work in experimental or clinical gynecology. There was reason to hope that such a distinguished gathering would produce a goodly number of new ideas and a stimulating discussion. Unfortunately, this was not the case; the papers are, for the most part, reviews of previously published work. The manner in which many of them are written suggests that the presentations were extemporaneous, that they were probably taken down by a reporter, and that the essayists were not encouraged to check their material for grammatical errors. The discussions indicate that the conferees possessed a remarkable unanimity as to the value of the synthetic progestins in the treatment of most menstrual dysfunctions. The first part of the symposium, concerned with the physiology of the female reproductive system, contains
Origin of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia in Conscious Humans
Authors: Massimo Piepoli, Peter Sleight, Stefano Leuzzi, Felice Valle, Giammario Spadacini, Claudio Passino, Jim Johnston, Luciano Bernardi
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background We investigated whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in healthy humans originated from central neuronal oscillations or from peripheral baroreceptors responding to respiratory changes in venous return. Methods and Results During subjects’ controlled breathing we used sinusoidal neck suction to influence RSA (spectral analysis of RR interval). In 11 subjects, 20-second apnea greatly reduced RSA, which was restored by neck suction at the frequency of respiration. Counteracting the respiration-induced cycles of carotid blood pressure decreased RSA in 13 subjects (from 2136±682 to 1372±561 ms 2 , P &lt;.01). The critical phase of this neck suction was constant for each subject at around the phase shift (with regard to respiration-related fluctuations of blood pressure) best for smoothing respiratory (mechanical) changes in blood pressure. Suction of a nonbaroreceptor area (the thigh) did not affect RSA. In 4 subjects, to separate the effects of peripheral baroreceptor afferents from respiration-entrained central oscillation (15 breaths/min), we cycled the neck suction at 12 cycles/min. Increasing neck suction from −7 to −30 mm Hg increased the ratio of the power of the 12 cycles compared with the 15-cycle RSA oscillation in RR interval spectral analysis from 0.26 to 2.57. A 12-cycle/min suction of an area other than the neck had little effect on the RR interval spectrum. Conclusions RSA can be mimicked or reduced by stimulation of arterial baroreceptors with cycles of appropriately phased neck suction at the frequency of respiration. This suggests an important influence of the arterial baroreceptors in the generation of RSA in conscious humans.
Incidence of de Quervain's Thyroiditis: Ten Cases from One General Practice
Authors: I. R. McWhinney
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Syncytial Virus-Hambling BxDIffAL 1225If antibody to R.S. virus was detectable by the methods used, the majority (76%) of persons had both neutralizing and C.F. antibodies in their serum, as is shown in the Chart.Of the 29 sera which did not contain either C.F. or neutralizing anti- bodies, 23 (79%) were from children aged 0-4 years.The high incidence of antibodies in umbilical-cord serum which was similar to that of the child-bearing age-groups indicated the transplacental passage of antibodies. SummaryExamination of 329 samples of serum from all age-groups was made to detect antibodies to the respiratory syncytial virus.At the age of 5 years, and in all older age-groups, over 66% of the sera contained both neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies.The lowest incidence of antibodies was in the 6 months to 1-year age-group.A high incidence of infection with respiratory syncytial virus in the population was indicated by the finding of neutralizing antibody in 93% of sera from persons over 15 years of age.
194. Deltavasc™ - Phase I Study of Intramuscular Administration of Plasmid Del-1 (Developmentally Regulated Endothelial Cell Locus –1) in Humans with Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
Authors: Sanjay Rajagopalan, Jeffrey Snell, Stuart W. Young, Gary L. Schaer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Background: Del-1 (Developmentally regulated endothelial locus 1) is a novel angiomatrix protein that induces a potent angiogenic response. Preclinical studies using a plasmid expressing Del-1 in conjunction with a poloxamer (VLTS-589) have demonstrated functional improvements in lower extremity perfusion and exercise tolerance. The objective of this Phase I investigation was to obtain safety and preliminary efficacy data of such an approach in subjects with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
193 RELIABILITY OF THE ESTIMATION OF HEPATIC BLOOD FLOW (HBF) BY DOPPLER ULTRASOUND IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOTIC PORTAL HYPERTENSION: COMPARISON WITH HBF BY INDOCYANINE GREEN
Authors: A. Berzigotti, E. Reverter, J.G. Abraldes, M.Á. García-Criado, F. Cerini, J.C. García-Pagán, J. Bosch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Thoracic Kidney Detected on Bone Scan
Authors: ALAN SIEGEL, PETRA LEWIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 73-year-old man with prostate cancer underwent skeletal scintigraphy for the detection of metastases. Although no metastases were seen in this study, an area of increased activity was noted in the lower part of the left hemithorax. Because of the lack of a functioning left kidney in the abdomen, a thoracic kidney was considered. The patient reported a history of a diaphragmatic hernia known for more than 40 years. A subsequent CT scan, performed because of an increasing prostate-specific antigen level, confirmed the presence of the left kidney and spleen in the left side of the chest. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: A whole-body bone scan and oblique views of the chest performed with Tc-99m MDP show an area of increased activity in the inferior aspect of the left hemithorax. No functioning left kidney is seen in the left renal fossa. The increased activity in the right knee is a result of osteoarthritis.FIGURE 2Fig. 2: A CT scan of the chest confirms the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia, with an intrathoracic position of the left kidney and spleen.