tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S82. Proffered paper: In-vivo testing of PSMA-targeted T-cell immunotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Z Liu, SB Papa, J Morris, J Maher
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Bone is the most common site for metastasis in human prostate cancer patients. Skeletal metastases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and overall greatly affect the quality of life of prostate cancer patients. Despite advances in our understanding of the biology of
ABC of Medical Computing: USING COMPUTERS IN CLINICAL AUDIT
Authors: S. Kinn, N. Lee, A. Millman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Clinical audit is generally described as a cycle composed of several stages, the traditional audit cycle. Put simply, it is a way of improving current performance by deciding on the ideal (setting standards), looking at the real situation (measuring current performance), and finding ways of moving from the real to the ideal (implementing change). The cycle is closed by reassessing performance after an interval to assess the effectiveness of the change.



All clinicians should be measuring their performance against a locally defined standard. In addition, as awareness of the usefulness of audit increases other issues about guidelines are being raised. There is a growing move towards evidence based medicine and a feeling that best practice can be agreed nationally (or internationally) and local standards developed from guidelines. It is therefore becoming increasingly important to collect clinical information in a way that allows it to be pooled for both local and national analysis. Computers are ideally suited to this role.

#### Clinical audit

The systematic critical analysis of the quality of care, including the procedures used for diagnosis and treatment, the use of resources, and the resulting outcome and quality of life for the patient.

For many people audit has become synonymous with computers. This idea was reinforced when a large proportion of the money ringfenced for audit was spent on computer systems, with varying degrees of success.

Audit is about asking questions concerning clinical practice and necessitates analysis of clinical data. For a few cases, or small data sets, this can be achieved with paper based systems, and many successful audits have not used computers at all. However, if you have a large data …
809 DYSREGULATION OF MICRO-RNA EXPRESSION IN SPLENIC MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: J. Peveling-Oberhag, G. Crisman, A. Schmidt, C. Döring, M. Lucioni, L. Arcaini, S. Hartmann, A. Piiper, W.P. Hofmann, M. Paulli, R. Küppers, S. Zeuzem, M.L. Hansmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Expert Witness Testimony
Authors: Bruce Wilder
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the editorial, "Expert Witness for Whom?" Dr Lundberg<sup>1</sup>suggests "unbiased expert witnesses for the truth" rather than expert witness "for the prosecution" or "for the defense." He alludes to the inherent power of the court to appoint expert witnesses. There is an underlying assumption in the editorial that somehow, somewhere, there is an unbiased expert witness who can reveal the "truth." What seems to be overlooked is that different expert witnesses, even if completely unbiased, have a different view of "the truth." The adversary system has a way of arriving at "the truth" by allowing all parties to present testimony—subject to cross-examination—to the trier of fact, usually a jury, who then decides what is "the truth" for the purpose of resolving the dispute between the parties. Several years ago, Roscoe Pound said that the adversary system turns expert witnesses into advocates, pure and simple. Nevertheless,
PHARMACOLOGY OF THE TISSUE MAST CELL
Authors: G. B. WEST
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article PHARMACOLOGY OF THE TISSUE MAST CELL Get access G. B. WEST, D.Sc, Ph.D. G. B. WEST, D.Sc, Ph.D. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 11, 1 November 1958, Pages 409–417, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13803.x Published: 01 November 1958
Self-Renewing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Is the Primary Target in Pathogenesis of Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Yoshikane Kikushige, Fumihiko Ishikawa, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Takahiro Shima, Shingo Urata, Goichi Yoshimoto, Yasuo Mori, Tadafumi Iino, Takuji Yamauchi, Tetsuya Eto, Hiroaki Niiro, Hiromi Iwasaki, Katsuto Takenaka, Koichi Akashi
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Transparency campaigners make gains in clinical trials battle
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

All authors of clinical trials in the European Union will have to register on a publicly accessible database and upload a summary of results within a year of their trial’s completion, stipulates EU legislation now being finalised.

The requirements, which will apply to drug companies as well as academic researchers, are part of a wider move to streamline rules on clinical trials across the EU and represent a major victory for campaigners for transparency in research. They are also designed to facilitate cross border trials to encourage larger, more reliable trials, including those focusing on rare diseases.

The British Labour member of the …
Reconstitution of human telomerase with the template RNA component hTR and the catalytic protein subunit hTRT
Authors: Scott L. Weinrich, Ron Pruzan, Libin Ma, Michel Ouellette, Valeric M. Tesmer, Shawn E. Holt, Andrea G. Bodnar, Serge Lichtsteiner, Nam W. Kim, James B. Trager, Rebecca D. Taylor, Ruben Carlos, William H. Andrews, Woodring E. Wright, Jerry W. Shay, Calvin B. Harley, Gregg B. Morin
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
The Hemienvelope Phonocardiogram.
Authors: J. D. Lawson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963The Hemienvelope Phonocardiogram.J. D. Lawson, M.D. (Associate)J. D. Lawson, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-710_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhen ultra high-frequency, high-speed phonocardiography was studied, it became clear that the traditional methods employed to display the heart sounds were inadequate for precise observations concerning sound intensity, splitting of valve sounds, and meaningful geometrical analysis of murmur configuration.To overcome these difficulties, a new method for displaying the heart sounds was devised, which has subsequently been modified for use with a standard ECG machine for registration.Previous attempts to record the phonocardiogram with a standard ECG were unsatisfactory due to the limited high frequency response of such machines (50 to 120 cps). With the present apparatus, which costs less... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Fort Rucker, Ala. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDesign and Development of a Portable Recording System for Simultaneous Acquisition of SCG and ECG Signals 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 710-711KeywordsHeart Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Assessment of the Immunoglobulin E-mediated Immune Response to Native (Unprocessed) Cow Milk and to Various (Processed) Cow Milk Products in Allergic Children Using IgE-immunoblotting
Authors: R. Klubal, K. Prajzlerova, A. Klaudyova, M. Beran
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Neurological Complications of Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Emilio García-Cabrera, Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo, Benito Almirante, Radka Ivanova-Georgieva, Mariam Noureddine, Antonio Plata, Jose M. Lomas, Juan Gálvez-Acebal, Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, Josefa Ruíz-Morales, Francisco J. Martínez-Marcos, Jose M. Reguera, Javier de la Torre-Lima, Arístides de Alarcón González
Journal: Circulation (2013)

The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of neurological complications in patients with infective endocarditis, the risk factors for their development, their influence on the clinical outcome, and the impact of cardiac surgery.This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on a multicenter cohort of 1345 consecutive episodes of left-sided infective endocarditis from 8 centers in Spain. Cox regression models were developed to analyze variables predictive of neurological complications and associated mortality. Three hundred forty patients (25%) experienced such complications: 192 patients (14%) had ischemic events, 86 (6%) had encephalopathy/meningitis, 60 (4%) had hemorrhages, and 2 (1%) had brain abscesses. Independent risk factors associated with all neurological complications were vegetation size ≥3 cm (hazard ratio [HR] 1.91), Staphylococcus aureus as a cause (HR 2.47), mitral valve involvement (HR 1.29), and anticoagulant therapy (HR 1.31). This last variable was particularly related to a greater incidence of hemorrhagic events (HR 2.71). Overall mortality was 30%, and neurological complications had a negative impact on outcome (45% of deaths versus 24% in patients without these complications; P<0.01), although only moderate to severe ischemic stroke (HR 1.63) and brain hemorrhage (HR 1.73) were significantly associated with a poorer prognosis. Antimicrobial treatment reduced (by 33% to 75%) the risk of neurological complications. In patients with hemorrhage, mortality was higher when surgery was performed within 4 weeks of the hemorrhagic event (75% versus 40% in later surgery).Moderate to severe ischemic stroke and brain hemorrhage were found to have a significant negative impact on the outcome of infective endocarditis. Early appropriate antimicrobial treatment is critical, and transitory discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy should be considered.
A visible form of charity
Authors: R Kale
Journal: BMJ (1994)

BBC documentaries about Third World countries, their problems, and what talented, devoted people with missionary zeal from the developed world are doing about them are common. Unfortunately, they perpetuate the erroneous impression that people from the developing world are helpless dimwits waiting to be delivered from their tribulations.

QED's “Lifeline Express” is another documentary in this genre. The Englishman Sir John Wilson, his wife Jean, and Voltas, an Indian public limited company, seem to be the moving force behind the hospital train which travels between Indian villages, holding health camps that bring “hope to the hopeless.”

The film begins with the story of Bismilla, a 7 year old girl who has only ever crawled because of poliomyelitis which she had when she was …
Renal tubular dysfunction and abnormalities of calcium metabolism in cadmium workers
Authors: George Kazantzis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Tubular proteinuria is generally accepted as the critical effect following long-term, low-level exposure to cadmium as seen in an industrial environment. This effect may not be of immediate importance to the health of the individual, but the significance, in terms of long-term morbidity and mortality, of the renal tubular defect of which it is an indicator is not fully understood, and certain sequelae may have remained unrecognized due to inadequate follow-up.Follow-up studies have been performed in nine of 12 workers who were initially investigated in 1962. In six of the men exposures ranged from 28 to 45 years to cadmium sulfide dust and for shorter periods in the earlier years to cadmium oxide fume and dust. These six men had tubular proteinuria when first seen, and this has persisted in the five survivors. All six men had hypercalciuria, and two of them became recurrent stone formers. One man whose urinary calcium excretion later fell to a low level more recently developed vitamin D resistant osteomalacia. In addition, each of the six men had exhibited some, but not all, of a variety of biochemical abnormalities related to other proximal renal tubular defects, and the worker who developed osteomalacia had additional evidence of a distal tubular defect. The five survivors also have evidence of slowly progressive deterioration in glomerular function.Follow-up of this small group has shown that renal tubular dysfunction in cadmium workers may continue symptom-free for long intervals, but in a proportion of cases serious clinical effects may develop after a number of years.
Isolation and characterization of a novel 98-kd Dermatophagoides farinae mite allergen
Authors: Lai-Chen Tsai, Pei-Ling Chao, Horng-Der Shen, Ren-Bin Tang, Tsu-Chung Chang, Zo-Nan Chang, Mei-Whey Hung, Bo-Liang Lee, Kaw-Yan Chua
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
TCTAP A-156 Retrograde Coronary Vein Delivery of Basic Fibroblast Growth Enhances Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Engraftment for Myocardial Repair in a Canine Infarct Model
Authors: Xiao Wang, Shao-Ping Nie, Lei Zhen, Huang-Tai Miao, Hong-Mei Ren, Shu-Tian Shi, Xing-Xin Wu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Patient information booklets
Authors: E. Honey
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Mrs Tew equates intranatal care by midwives and general practitioners with non-intervention.There was some intervention at home such as forceps and breech deliveries, though less than in hospital.Mrs Tew deplores the policy of admitting everybody to hospital for delivery because this policy eliminates evidence which could have helped her prove that delivery at home and in general practitioner units was safer than in hospital.Is this really an adequate reason for encouraging delivery at home ?Mrs Tew turns a blind eye to the fact that in 1946 when the first survey was conducted both maternal and perinatal mortality were extremely high in spite of 42% of all babies being born in the "safe" environment of home.In 1958, when
Receptors against autoimmunity
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Men are less prone to autoimmunity than women thanks to the anti-inflammatory effect of male sex hormones. But how these androgens, such as testosterone, exert this effect was a mystery. Dunn and colleagues now report on page 321 that a nuclear hormone receptor that gets boosted by testosterone switches off pro-inflammatory cytokine production in male CD4+ T cells.






Figure 1

Brain inflammation (blue) is more severe in the absence of the testosterone-responsive receptor PPARα.




Androgens are known to shift the balance from pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines to anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines. Thus, a testosterone shot is all it takes to suppress lupus and diabetes symptoms in mice. “The link between androgens and protection against autoimmunity could not be clearer,” says senior author Larry Steinman. “But we still had to figure out how androgens actually instruct T cells to stop attacking the host.”

A good candidate was the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α. Expression of PPAR-α was previously shown to increase in response to testosterone and to be higher in male compared with female hepatocytes. The team now shows that this gender difference extends to T cells and that it affects their inflammatory activities.

The group tested mice with experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). In the male mice, knocking out PPAR-α increased disease severity and expression of pro-inflammatory IFNγ and TNF by CD4+ T cells. In females, EAE was severe and cytokine production high in both wild-type and PPAR-α knock-outs.

The team showed that PPAR-α suppresses the production of IFNγ and TNF by preventing transcription factors NF-κB and c-Fos from binding to the promoters of these cytokine genes.

Steinman's group is now examining PPAR-α expression in humans. If PPAR-α does show a gender-dependent dichotomy in people, they plan to test a known PPAR-α agonist along with androgen therapy in clinical trials for MS.
Meta-analysis identifies four new loci associated with testicular germ cell tumor
Authors: Charles C Chung, Peter A Kanetsky, Zhaoming Wang, Michelle A T Hildebrandt, Roelof Koster, Rolf I Skotheim, Christian P Kratz, Clare Turnbull, Victoria K Cortessis, Anne C Bakken, D Timothy Bishop, Michael B Cook, R Loren Erickson, Sophie D Fosså, Kevin B Jacobs, Larissa A Korde, Sigrid M Kraggerud, Ragnhild A Lothe, Jennifer T Loud, Nazneen Rahman, Eila C Skinner, Duncan C Thomas, Xifeng Wu, Meredith Yeager, Fredrick R Schumacher, Mark H Greene, Stephen M Schwartz, Katherine A McGlynn, Stephen J Chanock, Katherine L Nathanson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Mechanisms and clinical relevance of TRAIL-triggered responses in synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: R. Audo, F. Calmon-Hamaty, D. Baeten, A. Bruyer, B. Combe, M. Hahne, J. Morel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> We have shown that TRAIL induces apoptosis only in a portion of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLS) and that in the surviving cells, TRAIL induced proliferation. In the present study, we compared RAFLS-resistant and RAFLS-sensible to TRAIL-induced apoptosis including levels of the TRAIL receptors (TRAIL-R) and clinical features of respective patient. We evaluated TRAIL and its soluble decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in RA patients, osteoarthritis (OA), spondylarthritis (SpA). <h3>Methods</h3> FLS were extracted from synovial tissues of RA patients (n=30) and analysed by FACS for TRAIL-receptors expression. We obtained DAS28 within the 3 months of surgery for 13 patients. TRAIL-responses of FLS were analysed by AnnexinV for apoptosis, thymidine-incorporation for proliferation. TRAIL receptor activity was assessed by RNA silencing. HIC were performed to evaluate TRAIL level in synovial tissues from RA (n=7) and OA patients (n=4). ELISA was used to determine TRAIL-levels in synovial fluid of OA; n=20), SpA; (n=20) and establish RA patients (n=30). Serum levels of TRAIL and OPG were measured in 72 patients fulfilling the ACR criteria (1987) with recent (&lt;2 years) and active (&gt;3 swollen joints) RA that were not treated or had a stable background treatment for at least 1 month. 48 of the RA patients were followed up at 6 months. <h3>Results</h3> Disease severity of RA patients inversely correlated with susceptibility of FLS to TRAIL-induced apoptosis (r=0.753, p=0. 011). TRAIL-sensitive cells expressed significantly lower levels of the decoy TRAIL-R4 (p=0.008) and surprisingly also of TRAIL-R1 (p=0.014), one of the described death receptor. Silencing of these two receptors increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis in RAFLS. TRAIL levels were elevated in the arthritic joints of patients with established RA compared to other patients (p&lt;0.001). A low ratio OPG/TRAIL in sera of early RA patients at baseline was associated with a better evolution of disease activity (p=0.028), but high serum levels of TRAIL at follow-up were associated with joint damages (p=0.0063). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Surprisingly, TRAIL-R1 seems to be a survival factor protecting RAFLS against TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The negative correlation between TRAIL sensitivity in vitro and RA activity suggests that RAFLS develop resistance to escape TRAIL protective role. Indeed, in early RA patients, a low OPG/TRAIL ratio at baseline was associated with remission at 6 months but persistent TRAIL serum levels are associated with joint damage. These findings suggest a dual role for TRAIL in RA and resistance of RAFLS to TRAIL-induced apoptosis is associated with a disease promoting activity of TRAIL in RA.
Leaking Glenn Anastomosis Demonstrated by First Pass Radionuclide Angiography
Authors: VICTOR F. HUCKELL, MARY ANNE SPRANGERS, BRUCE D. HORNE, DONALD M. LYSTER, ROBERT T. MORRISON, JOCELYN A. COOPER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

First pass radionuclide angiography was used to demonstrate a leaking Glenn anastomosis at the superior vena cava-right atrial junction as well as tricuspid atresia and a ligated persistent left superior vena cava. First pass radionuclide angiography may demonstrate anatomic configurations not obvious at cardiac catheterization and can be useful for adults with complicated congenital heart disease, particularly when biplane or multiple view angiography is not possible. Lung perfusion imaging can lead to an incorrect diagnosis of pulmonary embolism if the presence of a Glenn anastomosis in not known.
Two Outbreaks of Egg-Borne Salmonellosis and Implications for Their Prevention
Authors: Ernest A. Ager, Kenrad E. Nelson, Mildred M. Galton, John R. Boring, Janice R. Jernigan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Two large outbreaks of salmonellosis originating in Spokane, Wash, in 1962 and 1963 were traced to commercially baked meringue pies. The presumptive source was bulk egg whites produced locally. Approximately 15, 000 cans of frozen egg products were seized and examined bacteriologically. Of 1,131 core samples of egg whites, 235 (20.8%) were found contaminated with one or more of seven different salmonella serotypes. The heavy contamination of poultry feeds and bulking of large quantities of cracked and dirty eggs without pasteurization are believed to have been responsible for the outbreaks in Spokane as well as several other serious outbreaks documented since 1960.
Txk, a Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase of the Tec Family, Is Expressed in T Helper Type 1 Cells and Regulates Interferon γ Production in Human T Lymphocytes
Authors: Jun-ichi Kashiwakura, Noboru Suzuki, Hiroko Nagafuchi, Mitsuhiro Takeno, Yuko Takeba, Yoshihiro Shimoyama, Tsuyoshi Sakane
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Differentiation of human T cells into T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells is vital for the development of cell-mediated and humoral immunity, respectively. However, the precise mechanism responsible for the Th1 cell differentiation is not fully clarified. We have studied the expression and function of Txk, a member of the Tec family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. We found that Txk expression is restricted to Th1/Th0 cells with IFN-gamma producing potential. Txk transfection of Jurkat T cells resulted in a several-fold increase of IFN-gamma mRNA expression and protein production; interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 production were unaffected. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of Txk specifically inhibited IFN-gamma production of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, antigen-specific Th1 clones, and Th0 clones; IL-2 and IL-4 production by the T cells was unaffected. Txk cotransfection led to the enhanced luciferase activity of plasmid (p)IFN-gamma promoter/enhancer (pIFN-gamma[-538])-luciferase-transfected Jurkat cells upon mitogen activation. Txk transfection did not affect IL-2 and IL-4 promoter activities. Thus, Txk specifically upregulates IFN-gamma gene transcription. In fact, Txk translocated from cytoplasm into nuclei upon activation and transfection with a mutant Txk expression plasmid that lacked a nuclear localization signal sequence did not enhance IFN-gamma production by the cells, indicating that nuclear localization of Txk is obligatory for the enhanced IFN-gamma production. In addition, IL-12 treatment of peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells enhanced the Txk expression, whereas IL-4 treatment completely inhibited it. These results indicate that Txk expression is intimately associated with development of Th1/Th0 cells and is significantly involved in the IFN-gamma production by the cells through Th1 cell-specific positive transcriptional regulation of the IFN-gamma gene.