tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Facemasks and Hand Hygiene to Prevent Influenza Transmission in Households
Authors: Benjamin J. Cowling, Kwok-Hung Chan, Vicky J. Fang, Calvin K.Y. Cheng, Rita O.P. Fung, Winnie Wai, Joey Sin, Wing Hong Seto, Raymond Yung, Daniel W.S. Chu, Billy C.F. Chiu, Paco W.Y. Lee, Ming Chi Chiu, Hoi Che Lee, Timothy M. Uyeki, Peter M. Houck, J. S. Malik Peiris, Gabriel M. Leung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Few data are available about the effectiveness of nonpharmaceutical interventions for preventing influenza virus transmission. Objective: To investigate whether hand hygiene and use of facemasks prevents household transmission of influenza. Design: Cluster randomized, controlled trial. Randomization was computer generated; allocation was concealed from treating physicians and clinics and implemented by study nurses at the time of the initial household visit. Participants and personnel administering the interventions were not blinded to group assignment. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00425893) Setting: Households in Hong Kong. Patients: 407 people presenting to outpatient clinics with influenza-like illness who were positive for influenza A or B virus by rapid testing (index patients) and 794 household members (contacts) in 259 households. Intervention: Lifestyle education (control) (134 households), hand hygiene (136 households), or surgical facemasks plus hand hygiene (137 households) for all household members. Measurements: Influenza virus infection in contacts, as confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or diagnosed clinically after 7 days. Results: Sixty (8%) contacts in the 259 households had RT-PCR–confirmed influenza virus infection in the 7 days after intervention. Hand hygiene with or without facemasks seemed to reduce influenza transmission, but the differences compared with the control group were not significant. In 154 households in which interventions were implemented within 36 hours of symptom onset in the index patient, transmission of RT-PCR–confirmed infection seemed reduced, an effect attributable to fewer infections among participants using facemasks plus hand hygiene (adjusted odds ratio, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.13 to 0.87]). Adherence to interventions varied. Limitation: The delay from index patient symptom onset to intervention and variable adherence may have mitigated intervention effectiveness. Conclusion: Hand hygiene and facemasks seemed to prevent household transmission of influenza virus when implemented within 36 hours of index patient symptom onset. These findings suggest that nonpharmaceutical interventions are important for mitigation of pandemic and interpandemic influenza. Primary Funding Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Stability of Choices about Life-Sustaining Treatments
Authors: Marion Danis, Joanne Garrett, Russell Harris, Donald L. Patrick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To examine the stability of patients' choices for life-sustaining treatments. Design: A longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Primary care practices in central North Carolina. Patients: Medicare recipients (n = 2536). Intervention: Participants were asked about demographic characteristics, health status, well-being, depression, social support, use of a living will, and desire for life-sustaining treatments if they were to become terminally ill. These questions were repeated 2 years later (n = 2073, 82% follow-up). Results: The population tended to choose to forego one more treatment at follow-up than they did at baseline. A choice to forego treatment was twice as stable as a choice to receive treatment. Patients with a living will were less likely to change their wishes (14%) than those without a living will (41%). Persons were more likely to want increased treatment at a later time if they had been hospitalized (23% compared with 18%), had had an accident (29% compared with 19%), had become more immobile (23% compared with 19%), had become more depressed (25% compared with 15%), or had less social support (25% compared with 14%). Conclusions: Most patients (85%) who had chosen to forego life-sustaining treatments did not change their choices. Nonetheless, these data suggest that it is important to review patients' preferences for life-sustaining treatments rather than to assume the stability of their choices.
Quantitative and qualitative variability of protein content and presence of a 56 kDa allergen in different batches of cold-pressed soy oil
Authors: Younes Errahali, Martine Morisset, Denise Anne Moneret-Vautrin, Gisèle Kanny, Maurice Metche, Jean Pierre Nicolas, Sophie Anne Frémont
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Scintiphotographic Evaluation of LeVeen Peritoneo-Venous Shunt Patency Using Intraperitoneal Tc-99m-MAA
Authors: P A FARRER, J FRIEDE, M J WEXLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

A simple method is described for assessing the patency of LeVeen peritoneo-venous shunts. Following the intraperitoneal injection of 5 mCi of Tc-99m-MAA pulmonary radioactivity is monitored using a gamma scintillation camera. Lung visualization indicates shunt patency, while lack of lung uptake implies shunt obstruction.
Extracellular Matrix Protein CCN1 Limits Oncolytic Efficacy in Glioma
Authors: Amy Haseley, Sean Boone, Jeffrey Wojton, Lianbo Yu, Ji Young Yoo, Jianhua Yu, Kazuhiko Kurozumi, Joseph C. Glorioso, Michael A. Caligiuri, Balveen Kaur
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Oncolytic viral therapy has been explored widely as an option for glioma treatment but its effectiveness has remained limited. Cysteine rich 61 (CCN1) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein elevated in cancer cells that modulates their adhesion and migration by binding cell surface receptors. In this study, we examined a hypothesized role for CCN1 in limiting the efficacy of oncolytic viral therapy for glioma, based on evidence of CCN1 induction that occurs in this setting. Strikingly, we found that exogenous CCN1 in glioma ECM orchestrated a cellular antiviral response that reduced viral replication and limited cytolytic efficacy. Gene expression profiling and real-time PCR analysis revealed a significant induction of type-I interferon responsive genes in response to CCN1 exposure. This induction was accompanied by activation of the Jak/Stat signaling pathway, consistent with induction of an innate antiviral cellular response. Both effects were mediated by the binding of CCN1 to the cell surface integrin α6β1, activating its signaling and leading to rapid secretion of interferon-α, which was essential for the innate antiviral effect. Together, our findings reveal how an integrin signaling pathway mediates activation of a type-I antiviral interferon response that can limit the efficacy of oncolytic viral therapy. Furthermore, they suggest therapeutic interventions to inhibit CCN1-integrin α6 interactions to sensitize gliomas to viral oncolysis.
SR-A and SREC-I Are Kupffer and Endothelial Cell Receptors for Helper-dependent Adenoviral Vectors
Authors: Pasquale Piccolo, Francesco Vetrini, Pratibha Mithbaokar, Nathan C Grove, Terry Bertin, Donna Palmer, Philip Ng, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vectors can mediate long-term, high-level transgene expression from transduced hepatocytes with no chronic toxicity. However, a toxic acute response with potentially lethal consequences has hindered their clinical applications. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer cells are major barriers to efficient hepatocyte transduction. Understanding the mechanisms of adenoviral vector uptake by non-parenchymal cells may allow the development of strategies aimed at overcoming these important barriers and to achieve preferential hepatocyte gene transfer with reduced toxicity. Scavenger receptors on Kupffer cells bind adenoviral particles and remove them from the circulation, thus preventing hepatocyte transduction. In the present study, we show that HDAd particles interact in vitro and in vivo with scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) and with scavenger receptor expressed on endothelial cells-I (SREC-I) and we exploited this knowledge to increase the efficiency of hepatocyte transduction by HDAd vectors in vivo through blocking of SR-A and SREC-I with specific fragments antigen-binding (Fabs).
Tomato allergy in children and young adults: cross-reactivity with latex and potato
Authors: M. Reche, C. Y. Pascual, J. Vicente, T. Caballero, F. M. Muñoz, S. Sanchez, M. M. Esteban
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Several studies have shown that allergy to natural rubber latex is associated with cross‐reactivity to certain foods such as tomato and potato. The objective was to investigate the clinical and immunologic differences between a group of patients with clinical allergy to tomato and latex and another which had only clinical allergy to tomato. We also aimed to assess, in vitro , the relationship of tomato and latex allergens, which could explain the cross‐reactivity. Methods: Forty patients with histories of adverse reactions to tomato and IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity were enrolled in the study. Tomato, latex, and potato components were analyzed by SDS–PAGE immunoblotting. CAP and immunoblot inhibition were used to study allergen cross‐reactivity. Results: Patients from group A had a mean age of 13.2 years, and in group B the mean age was 21.7 years. In group B, 9/10 patients belonged to the latex‐fruits syndrome. All patients of both groups tolerated potato. Immunoblotting patterns obtained with patients' sera from pool A showed IgE‐binding bands to tomato ranging from 44 to 46 kDa and a triple band at 67 kDa. For latex, there was a strong binding at 44 kDa, and potato showed a strong band of 44 kDa and a 67‐kDa triple band. In pool B, the binding to the band of 44 kDa in latex and tomato was more intense than in pool A. In pool A, immunoblot inhibition with potato allergen showed an intense inhibition of the three allergens (potato, latex, and tomato); with latex, inhibition was partial and with tomato, a complete inhibition of tomato and latex was observed, and a partial inhibition of potato. In pool B, the inhibition pattern followed a similar tendency to pool A. The CAP inhibition confirmed the high rate of cross‐reactivity between tomato, potato, and latex. Conclusions: In our study, tomato, potato, and latex showed a common band of 44–46 kDa probably corresponding to patatin. This protein could be implicated in the high cross‐reactivity between tomato, latex, and potato observed in the immunoblot and CAP inhibition.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-14 (MT1-MMP)–Mediated Endoglin Shedding Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Lukas J.A.C. Hawinkels, Patricia Kuiper, Eliza Wiercinska, Hein W. Verspaget, Zhen Liu, Evangelia Pardali, Cornelis F.M. Sier, Peter ten Dijke
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Endoglin is a transforming growth factor-beta coreceptor with a crucial role in angiogenesis. A soluble form of endoglin is present in the circulation, but the role of soluble endoglin (sEndoglin) is poorly understood. In addition, the endoglin shedding mechanism is not known. Therefore, we examined the role of sEndoglin in tumor angiogenesis and the mechanism by which the extracellular domain of endoglin is released from the membrane.In colorectal cancer specimens, we observed high endothelial endoglin protein expression, accompanied with slightly lower sEndoglin levels in the circulation, compared with healthy controls. In vitro analysis using endothelial sprouting assays revealed that sEndoglin reduced spontaneous and vascular endothelial growth factor-induced endothelial sprouting. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells were found to secrete high levels of sEndoglin. Endoglin shedding was inhibited by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors and MMP-14 short hairpin RNA, indicating MMP-14 as the major endoglin shedding protease. Coexpression of endoglin and membrane-bound MMP-14 led to a strong increase in sEndoglin levels. Endoglin shedding required a direct interaction between endoglin and membrane-localized MMP-14. Using cleavage site mutants, we determined that MMP-14 cleaved endoglin at a site in close proximity to the transmembrane domain. Taken together, this study shows that MMP-14 mediates endoglin shedding, which may regulate the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells in the (colorectal) tumor microenvironment.
Combined Prosthetic Replacement of the Mitral and Aortic Valves
Authors: DEAN T. MASON, JOHN ROSS, JAMES H. GAULT, EUGENE BRAUNWALD, ANDREW G. MORROW
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Detailed preoperative and postoperative hemodynamic studies were carried out in 12 patients with severe aortic and mitral valve disease in whom replacement of both valves with ball-valve prostheses was carried out. Replacement of both valves resulted in restoration to normal, or nearly normal, the resting values of cardiac output, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance. However, studies of left ventricular function during muscular exercise revealed abnormalities in the relationships between cardiac output and oxygen consumption in six of seven patients, and in no patient was the left ventricular response to exercise normal when assessed by the relation between LVEDP and stroke volume. It appears likely, therefore, that underlying myocardial disease or coronary arterial disease contributed to the preoperative disability in these patients, and may limit complete symptomatic recovery following operation. The residual impairment of myocardial performance observed in these patients appears to be more pronounced than that previously demonstrated in patients in whom isolated replacement of either the mitral or aortic valve had been performed.
Molecular Basis of Estrogen-Induced Cyclooxygenase Type 1 Upregulation in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Linda L. Gibson, Lisa Hahner, Sherri Osborne-Lawrence, Zohre German, Kenneth K. Wu, Ken L. Chambliss, Philip W. Shaul
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Estrogen upregulates cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) expression in endothelial cells. To determine the basis of this process, studies were performed in ovine endothelial cells transfected with the human COX-1 promoter fused to luciferase. Estradiol (E2) caused activation of the COX-1 promoter with maximal stimulation at 10(-8) mol/L E2, and the response was mediated by either ERalpha or ERbeta. Mutagenesis revealed a primary role for a putative Sp1 binding motif at -89 (relative to the ATG codon) and lesser involvement of a consensus Sp1 site at -111. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays yielded a single complex with the site at -89, and supershift analyses implicated AP-2alpha and ERalpha, and not Sp1, in protein-DNA complex formation. In endothelial cells with minimal endogenous ER, the transfection of ERalpha mutants lacking the DNA binding domain or primary nuclear localization signals caused 4-fold greater stimulation of promoter activity with E2 than wild-type ERalpha. In contrast, mutant ERalpha lacking the A-B domains was inactive. Thus, estrogen-mediated upregulation of COX-1 in endothelium is uniquely independent of direct ERalpha-DNA binding and instead entails protein-DNA interaction involving AP-2alpha and ERalpha at a proximal regulatory element. In addition, the process may be initiated by cytoplasmic ERalpha, and critical receptor elements reside within the amino terminus.
200 Years After Darwin
Authors: Roger N Rosenberg, Olaf Stüve, Todd Eagar
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Outcome of breech delivery at term
Authors: R A L Black
Journal: BMJ (1992)

assessment of the mode of delivery.Another group at potentially higher risk are primigravid patients, a subgroup not considered in the report but presumably identifiable from the database.The critical question therefore remains: is a carefully planned and managed trial of vaginal delivery any less safe for the fetus than an elective caesarean section?The uncertainty is in itself an argument in favour of elective caesarean section for all breech presentations at term since this reduces the opportunity for errors of judgment.
Effect of the combined action of selenium and arsenic on suspension culture of mice fibroblasts.
Authors: P Rössner, V Bencko, H Havránková
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The protective influence of arsenic against the toxic action of selenium has been tested on suspension cultures of mice fibroblasts LA 115. The growth of the cells was observed after the isolated and combined action of sodium arsenite NaAsO2 and sodium selenite Na2SeO3. The concentration range of both substances in cultivation medium MEm (USOL) was 10(-5) -10(-11)M. The growth of treated cultures was analyzed daily during 5 days of exposure. From the results obtained, growth curves of the cell cultures were constructed and analyzed. The results of every determination were evaluated in relation to the corresponding control culture. The results obtained demonstrate that decreasing concentrations of arsenic enhanced its protective effect in the range of the concentrations used. In contrast, a low protective effect of selenium against arsenic was noted in the concentrations employed. The cell cultures have proved to be very suitable for toxicological studies of the combined effects of different substances.
Simplified Diagnosis of Small-Airway Obstruction
Authors: Arthur F. Gelb, Noe Zamel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Two simple, noninvasive single-breath tests, the maximum expiratory flow volume curve and "closing volume," were used to detect obstruction of the small airways in nine patients with respiratory problems but with normal results on routine pulmonary-function studies. These nine patients, however, did have an abnormal alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient at rest (22 to 40 mm Hg) and exhibited frequency dependence of dynamic lung compliance, suggesting small-airway obstruction. "Closing volume" was abnormally high in seven of the nine patients (18 to 40 per cent of vital capacity), and the curves for maximum expiratory flow volume were abnormal in all, especially at low lung volumes.
Control of Transcription in the Human Lymphocyte.
Authors: Michael G. Rosenfeld
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Control of Transcription in the Human Lymphocyte.Michael G. Rosenfeld, M.D., John Mendelsohn, M.D., Itamar B. Abrass, M.D.Michael G. Rosenfeld, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John Mendelsohn, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Itamar B. Abrass, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-824_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe early intracellular events initiated by antigens or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) that eventuate in transformation and mitosis of human lymphocytes are unknown. The identification of a region rich in polyriboadenylic acid (poly A) in viral and eukaryotic mRNAs facilitated the isolation of lymphocyte mRNA. Uridine labeled with3Hor [3H]adenosine was added to pure human lymphocyte cultures and poly A-rich RNA isolated after 60 minutes of incubation. Addition of PHA and dibutyryl cAMP (cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, 1O-8M) to human lymphocyte cultures resulted in an early increase in radiolabeled poly A-rich RNA, with clear stimulation (20% to 40%) seen as early as... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: La Jolla, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 824-825KeywordsAdenosineAntigensCyclic adenosine monophosphateLymphocytesPhytohemagglutininsRNA Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Gene conversion between murine class II major histocompatibility complex loci. Functional and molecular evidence from the bm 12 mutant.
Authors: L Mengle-Gaw, S Conner, H O McDevitt, C G Fathman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

The experiments presented in this study define the molecular basis of the bm 12 mutation. Initial characterization of an alloreactive T cell clone, 4.1.4, showed this clone to recognize an allodeterminant present on the E beta b and A beta bm12 chains, but not on the bm 12 parent A beta b chain. To define the extent of sequence shared between the I-E beta product and the mutant I-A beta product, we isolated a cDNA clone of the E beta b gene and determined its nucleotide sequence. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of E beta b, A beta b, and A beta bm12 shows the the A beta bm12 gene to be identical to the E beta b gene in the region where it differs from its A beta b parent. We predict that the bm 12 mutation arose by gene conversion of this region, which spans 14 nucleotides between amino acid residues 67-71 of the mature A beta chain, from the E beta b locus to the corresponding position at the A beta b locus. Recognition of this region, which spans one of the previously defined E beta allelic "hypervariable" regions, by an alloreactive T cell clone provides the first direct evidence of the functional importance of these hypervariable regions in T cell stimulation. The identification of a gene conversion event involving one of these allelic variable regions implicates conversion as a mechanism that acts on class II beta genes to create sequence diversity in regions of Ia molecules that interact with foreign antigen or a T cell receptor, regions where protein sequence polymorphism would presumably be selected for by the expanded ability it affords the organism to mount effective immune responses against a wider variety of foreign antigens.
Carotid artery stenting in patients at high clinical risk of CEA complications: immediate and long-term outcome
Authors: Moshiri Shahram, Francesco Liistro, Fabio Sgura, Goran Stankovic, Alaide Chieffo, Davide Maccagni, Carlo Di Mario, Takuro Takagi, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)