tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Spectrophotometric Method for Estimating Formimino-glutamic and Urocanic acid
Authors: I. Chanarin, M. C. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1962)

A Spectrophotometric Method for Estimating Formimino-glutamic and Urocanic AcidFormimino-glutamic acid, an intermediary in the path- way of histidine breakdown (Borek and Waelsch, 1953), may be excreted in the urine (Bakerman, Silverman, and Daft, 1951) when there is interference with the function of the folic-acid coenzymes.Paper electrophoresis is adequate for identifying this product in the urine of patients excreting relatively large amounts (Knowles, Prankerd, and Westall, 1960; Kohn, Mollin, and Rosen- bach, 1961).However, until now there has been no relatively simple sensitive and quantitative method for estimating this material.This communication describes a new method based on that of Silverman, Gardiner, and Condit (1958) for estimating formimino-glutamic acid.Some of the results in patients with folic-acid deficiency are illustrated.MATERIALSPrinciple.-Acrude liver-enzyme preparation (Futterman, 1957) is employed firstly to reduce folic acid to the active form, and, secondly, to transfer the formimino group of formimino-glutamic acid to this active form of folic acid.The end-product of the reaction is con- verted to 5-10-methenyl-tetrahydrofolic acid with HCl and read spectrophotometrically.Water.-All water used was passed through an ion- exchange resin.Suibstrate Solution.-KH2PO4,20 m-mole (2.72 g.); citric acid, 2 m-mole (0.42 g.); MgSO4.7H20, 2 m-mole (0.49 g.); TPN, 12 smole (0.01 g.); folic acid, 55 /mole (0.024 g.).The KH2PO4 and citric acid were brought into solution and the pH was adjusted to 6 with KOH.The folic acid was brought into solution with the minimum amount of KOH.The TPN and MgSO4 were added, the volume was made to 100 ml., and the solution was stored at -200 C.Enzyme Preparation.-Alloperations were carried out at 2-4' C. Frozen chicken liver was sliced into 2-mm.slices with a scalpel, added to 1.3 volumes of 0.1 M
Unresolved issue: Do drinkers have less coronary heart disease?
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The notion that a bit of imbibery is good for the heart is causing concern among physicians who fear that it will give people a new rationalization for drinking. At the recent American Heart Association (AHA) meeting in Anaheim, Calif, William P. Castelli, MD, medical director of the Framingham Heart Study, reiterated material from his recent editorial in<i>JAMA</i>(242:2000, 1979): "Can you tell people to take two drinks a day and stop? I can't see telling someone to start. That person could be prone to alcoholism, and you could end up destroying his family." Castelli echoed the concern of the AHA Nutrition Committee, which issued an advisory in October stating that "it would be premature to recommend a change in anyone's drinking habits.... Furthermore, there is no doubt that the dangers of acute or chronic excessive alcohol intake far outweigh any theoretical beneficial effect on HDL [high-density lipoprotein] cholesterol."
Prevention is better than the law
Authors: M. J. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The ability to interact with our environment requires the brain to transform spatially represented sensory signals into temporally encoded motor commands for appropriate control of the relevant effectors. For visually guided eye movements, or saccades, the superior colliculus (SC) is assumed to be the final stage of spatial representation, and instantaneous control of the movement is achieved through a rate code representation in the lower brain stem. We investigated whether SC activity in nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta, 2 male and 1 female) also uses a dynamic rate code, in addition to the spatial representation. Noting that the kinematics of amplitude-matched movements exhibit trial-to-trial variability, we regressed instantaneous SC activity with instantaneous eye velocity and found a robust correlation throughout saccade duration. Peak correlation was tightly linked to time of peak velocity, the optimal efferent delay between SC activity and eye velocity was constant at ∼12 ms both at onset and during the saccade, and SC neurons with higher firing rates exhibited stronger correlations. Moreover, the strong correlative relationship and constant efferent delay observation were preserved when eye movement profiles were substantially altered by a blink-induced perturbation. These results indicate that the rate code of individual SC neurons can control instantaneous eye velocity and argue against a serial process of spatial-to-temporal transformation. They also motivated us to consider a new framework of saccade control that does not incorporate traditionally accepted elements, such as the comparator and resettable integrator, whose neural correlates have remained elusive. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> All movements exhibit time-varying features that are under instantaneous control of the innervating neural command. At what stage in the brain is dynamical control present? It is well known that, in the skeletomotor system, neurons in the motor cortex use dynamical control. In the oculomotor system, in contrast, instantaneous velocity control of saccadic eye movements is not thought to be enforced until the lower brainstem. Using correlations between residual signals across trials, we show that instantaneous control of saccade velocity is present earlier in the visuo-oculomotor neuraxis, at the level of superior colliculus. The results require us to consider alternate frameworks of the neural control of saccades.
Abstract 3472: Inhaled carcinogen induced lung cancer in mice
Authors: Yiyu Zou, Xuan Qiu, Roman Perez-Soler
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Inhaled carcinogen-induced lung cancer originates at the bronchial epithelium. Traditional animal models with tumor grafting or intraperitoneal/intravenous injection of tobacco carcinogens either lack the natural stages of tumor initiation and progression, or lack the advantage of modeling the disease through direct exposure of the airway epithelium to the causative agents. To overcome these problems, we used intratracheal inoculation of the major tobacco carcinogens benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) to induce lung premalignancy and lung cancer in two different strains of mice. This mouse model of inhaled carcinogen-induced lung cancer consistently mimics the carcinogenesis process in tobacco-induced human lung cancer that progresses through a series of identifiable histopathological stages. In our model the lung carcinogenesis clearly progresses through three different stages: 1. Early transitional stage with no pathological lesions (0-15 weeks after first dose of the carcinogens); 2. Premalignant stage with dysplasia in the lungs in 100% of both A/J and ICR mice at 16 weeks after the first dose of the carcinogens; 3. Malignant stage with tumor nodules developed in the lungs in 100% of A/J and &amp;gt; 60% of ICR mice at 20-24 weeks. We have been using this model in trying to identify key molecular players in each stage that could possibly serve as therapeutic targets for lung cancer treatment. Currently it is one of best available models for studying environmental carcinogen-induced lung cancer and warrants further characterization. Future studies using this model are expected to enhance our understanding of the disease and facilitate our efforts of developing early therapeutic interventions. Supported by NIH grants CA96515 and CA104297. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3472.
Characteristics of spontaneously proliferating mononuclear cells in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: K Froebel, R Dickson, D Lewis, M K Jasani, R D Sturrock
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

The phenomenon of increased spontaneous incorporation of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) into peripheral blood mononuclear cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been investigated. The activity was found to be short lived and affected less than 1% of cells. Using a Percoll density gradient we identified two populations of active cells. RA patients with active synovitis and increased 3H-TdR incorporation in the low density population of cells have higher overall 3H-TdR incorporation than normal controls and patients with inactive RA. The low density cell population is enriched for Ia+ cells. The data are consistent with raised spontaneous 3H-TdR incorporation being due to an in-vivo cell mediated immune response.
On the Bacteriology of So-Called "Sterilized Milk," with Special reference to the Municipal Supply of Milk for the Feeding of Infants
Authors: Wm. Robertson, Wm. Mair
Journal: BMJ (1904)

TxzMRICABACTERIOLOGY OF "STERILIZED MILK." r14 1 some liquorice powder eliminating these as causes of pain, and a note, which I need not add, setting forth the mother's acecunt of the symptoms corroborating the above details.The patient was treated in the ordinary vay.All her pains left her soon, and her recovery wvas satisfactory.CASE III.N. 1I. was a girl of 12, whom I saw first of all on February 5th as an out-patient at St. George's Ihospital.The symptoms complained of were recurring "fainting fits," and recurring paroxysms of abdominal pain.There was no family history of rheumatism, but a fortnight before the patient had had sore throat and pain all over.She was a well-nourished, well-developed, intelligent child.The abdomen was normal.Temperature roo.20.Heart's impulse diffuse, action rapid, and distinct left-side dilatation.There were no vacant beds in the 'had ne-er experienced pains like them before.Course.-Under the usual treatment the pains as well as the other symptoms of acute rheumatism subsided satisfactorily.The patient is still in the hospital, however, for on Marchll 2Ist she had to be readmitted, three days after-being discharged, on account of a relapse.The abdominal pain did not return during the relapse.She is now feeling well again and will soon be able to leave the hospital, for it seems that lher heart has not been permanently damaged.CASE V.A. S. was a boy of i6, who was admitted into St.George's Hospital on March 4th under the care of Dr. Penrose.He was cc,mplaining of joint pains flying about.These, slight at first, affected chiefly the ankles and knees, and had come on originally three weeks before his admission.Shortly before admission tlley were associated with pain in the neck and across the shoulders, and on February 29th1 he got " pains in the stomach."These were not associated with anorexia, or vomiting, nor
Response to: ‘Is rituximab effective for IgG4-related disease in the long term? Experience of cases treated with rituximab for 4 years’ by Yamamoto<i>et al</i>
Authors: John H Stone, Mollie N Carruthers, Mark D Topazian, Arezou Khosroshahi, Thomas E Witzig, Zachary S Wallace, Phillip A Hart, Vikram Deshpande, Thomas C Smyrk, Suresh Chari
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Clinician well-being has been recognised as an important pillar of healthcare. However, research mainly addresses mitigating the negative aspects of stress or burnout, rather than enabling positive aspects. With the added strain of a pandemic, identifying how best to maintain and support the well-being, satisfaction and flourishing of general practitioners (GPs) is now more important than ever. <h3>Design</h3> Systematic review. <h3>Data sources</h3> We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus from 2000 to 2020. <h3>Study selection</h3> Intervention studies with more than 50% GPs in the sample evaluating self-reported well-being, satisfaction and related positive outcomes were included. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool was applied. <h3>Results</h3> We retrieved 14 792 records, 94 studies underwent full-text review. We included 19 studies in total. Six randomised controlled trials, three non-randomised, controlled trials, eight non-controlled studies of individual or organisational interventions with a total of 1141 participants. There were two quasi-experimental articles evaluating health system policy change. Quantitative and qualitative positive outcomes were extracted and analysed. Individual mindfulness interventions were the most common (k=9) with medium to large within-group (0.37–1.05) and between-group (0.5–1.5) effect sizes for mindfulness outcomes, and small-to-medium effect sizes for other positive outcomes including resilience, compassion and empathy. Studies assessing other intervention foci or other positive outcomes (including well-being, satisfaction) were of limited size and quality. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is remarkably little evidence on how to improve GPs well-being beyond using mindfulness interventions, particularly for interventions addressing organisational or system factors. This was further undermined by inconsistent reporting, and overall high risk of bias. We need to conduct research in this space with the same rigour with which we approach clinical intervention studies in patients. <h3>PROSPERO registration number</h3> CRD42020164699. <h3>Funding source</h3> Dr Diana Naehrig is funded through the Raymond Seidler PhD scholarship.
HIV Travel Ban Lifted
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chemoresistance of Endothelial Cells Induced by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Depends on Raf-1–Mediated Inhibition of the Proapoptotic Kinase, ASK1
Authors: Alireza S. Alavi, Lisette Acevedo, Wang Min, David A. Cheresh
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Genotoxic stress induced by anticancer drugs can lead to apoptosis of both angiogenic endothelial cells (ECs) and proliferating tumor cells. However, growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) present within the tumor microenvironment can promote chemoresistance by suppressing apoptotic mechanisms in these cells. Here, we have identified apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a proapoptotic member of the MAP3K family, as a target of bFGF-mediated survival signaling in ECs. Evidence is provided that ASK1 is required for EC apoptosis in response to the genotoxic chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, and that bFGF, but not VEGF, neutralizes the death-promoting activity of ASK1. Specifically, bFGF stimulation promotes the formation of a Raf-1/ASK1 complex at the mitochondria, inhibits ASK1 kinase activity, and protects ECs from genotoxic stress. Mutation of the Raf-1 activation domain (SS338/9AA) not only prevents Raf-1/ASK1 complex formation but abolishes bFGF-mediated EC protection from genotoxic stress. In line with these observations, bFGF, but not VEGF, neutralizes the antiangiogenic effects of doxorubicin in vivo. These findings reveal a new pathway of EC survival signaling and define a molecular mechanism for chemoresistance induced by bFGF. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2766–72]
Regional myocardial oxygen consumption determined noninvasively in humans with [1-11C]acetate and dynamic positron tomography.
Authors: J J Armbrecht, D B Buxton, R C Brunken, M E Phelps, H R Schelbert
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Experimental studies of animals have previously demonstrated the validity of [1-11C]acetate as a tracer of oxidative metabolism for use with positron emission tomography. The present study was undertaken to define in normal human volunteers the relation between myocardial clearance kinetics of [1-11C]acetate, and the rate-pressure product as an index of myocardial oxygen consumption. Twenty-two studies were performed of 12 volunteers. The rate-pressure product was increased with continuous supine bicycle exercise in six studies. Of the 16 resting studies, seven were performed in the fasted state and nine following an oral glucose load, to define possible effects of substrate availability on the tracer-tissue kinetics. Myocardial tissue time-activity curves were biexponential. Clearance of activity was homogeneous throughout the myocardium. The rate constants k1, obtained from biexponential fitting, and kmono, obtained by monoexponential fitting of the initial linear portion of the time-activity curves, correlated well with the rate-pressure product. Although the correlation coefficient was higher for k1 than for kmono (0.95 vs. 0.91), analysis on a sectorial basis showed less regional variability in kmono. This suggests that kmono, which is more practical than k1 because it requires shorter acquisition times, may be more clinically and experimentally useful for detection of myocardial segments with abnormal oxygen consumption. Overall, changes in myocardial substrate supply were without significant effect on the relation between the rate constants (k1 and kmono) and the rate-pressure product, although a small decrease in kmono/rate-pressure product was observed following oral glucose by paired analysis in four subjects. It is concluded that [1-11C]acetate can be used for the noninvasive measurement of myocardial oxygen consumption in humans with positron emission tomography, and, thus, has clinical and experimental potential as a tool for the understanding and diagnosis of myocardial disease.
Abstract 306: Development of EC-DG as a molecular theranostic personalized medicine
Authors: David J. Yang, Richard J. Ford, Richard Mendez, Yin-Han Zhang, Jerry Bryant, Chang-Sok Oh, Jack Huang, Lan Pham, Saady Kohanim, Edmund E. Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: D-glucosamine has been reported to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells in culture and in vivo. We have then synthesized Tc-99m- ethylenedicysteine-glucosamine (EC-DG). We found Tc-99m-EC-DG was involved in cell proliferation in lung, breast and head and neck cultures and could assess breast cancer treatment outcome in vivo by planar scintigraphy. Tc-99m-EC-DG is a safe imaging agent in lung cancer patients. This study was amied to (1) assess a novel response to unlabeled rhenium-EC-DG (Re-EC-DG) involving the translation regulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha expression in lymphoma cells, and, (2) evaluate feasibility of using EC-DG for theranostic approaches in cancers. Methods: For theranostic assessment studies, we synthesized cold Re-EC-DG. Re-EC-DG was synthesized via a two-step synthesis. The first step was to synthesize Re-EC by reacting rheniumoxo trichloride with EC. The second step was to react Re-EC with D-glucosamine tetraacetate, followed by de-acetylation. Twelve types of DLBCL cells were incubated with Re-EC-DG at various concentrations (0-10 mM) and TUNEL assays were used to determine cell apoptosis. To ascertain the mechanism of the anticancer properties for Re-EC-DG, DLBCL-LY10 cells were treated with Re-EC-DG (0-5 mM) for 48 hrs. Immunoblotting were then performed on nuclear extracts with 50 µg. For radiotheranostic assessment studies, 13762 breast tumor-bearing rats were imaged with In-111-EC-DG and tumor/muscle ratios were determined at 0.5-24 hrs. Radiation absorbed dose was estimated for the use of Y-90-EC-DG. Results: There was a dose response relationship of Re-EC-DG inhibition in DLBCL cells. Extensive apoptosis was observed at 24 hrs in lymphoma cell cultures. Re-EC-DG showed significant tumorcidal activity compared to normal B-lymphocyte activity at doses &amp;gt;0.17 µmol. Re-EC-DG caused a decreased expression of HIF-1alpha under normoxic conditions in DLBCL-LY10 cells. Tumor-to-muscle ratios for In-111-EC-DG were 5.43±0.45 to 7.80±0.05 whereas In-111-EC had 3.24±0.32 to 4.64±0.16 at 0.5-24 hrs. Radiation exposure of In-111-EC-DG to whole body, blood-forming organs, gonads, and effective dose equivalent for a single dose at 5 mCi was below the limits of 3 rad annually and 5 rad total. The absorbed dose in all other organs was below the limits of 5 rad annually and 15 rad total. Conclusion: EC-DG is a useful molecular theranostic compound. In-111-EC-DG has favorable dosimetry, providing a potential use of Y-90-EC-DG to treat cancers. Re-EC-DG inhibits HIF-1alpha expression and is an attractive anti-proliferation compound. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 306. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-306
Modulation of amyloid β-protein clearance and Alzheimer’s disease susceptibility by the LDL receptor–related protein pathway
Authors: D E Kang, C U Pietrzik, L Baum, N Chevallier, D E Merriam, M Z Kounnas, S L Wagner, J C Troncoso, C H Kawas, R Katzman, E H Koo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is governed by multiple genetic factors. Remarkably, the LDL receptor–related protein (LRP) and its ligands, apoE and α2M, are all genetically associated with AD. In this study, we provide evidence for the involvement of the LRP pathway in amyloid deposition through sequestration and removal of soluble amyloid β-protein (Aβ). We demonstrate in vitro that LRP mediates the clearance of both Aβ40 and Aβ42 through a bona fide receptor-mediated uptake mechanism. In vivo, reduced LRP expression is associated with LRP genotypes and is correlated with enhanced soluble Aβ levels and amyloid deposition. Although LRP has been proposed to be a clearance pathway for Aβ, this work provides the first in vivo evidence that the LRP pathway may modulate Aβ deposition and AD susceptibility by regulating the removal of soluble Aβ.
Needle Biopsy of the Synovial Membrane — Experience with the Parker–Pearson Technic
Authors: H. Ralph Schumacher, J. Peter Kulka
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

ARTHRITIS is a manifestation of many systemic or local diseases. Diagnosis can sometimes be made by biopsy of the synovium, which formerly required either open arthrotomy or use of the relatively large Polley – Bickel needle.1 In 1963 Parker and Pearson2 described a new, small-caliber synovial-biopsy needle (Fig. 1)* that facilitates the histologic investigation of articular disease. This instrument causes a minimum of trauma, permits removal of specimens from several regions of the joint lining without reinsertion of the trochar, and by making use of suction to engage villous or relatively loose synovium, seems to enhance both quality and uniformity . . .
Contamination of U.S. Butter with Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers from Wrapping Paper
Authors: Arnold Schecter, Sarah Smith, Justin Colacino, Noor Malik, Matthias Opel, Olaf Paepke, Linda Birnbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Our aim was to report the first known incidence of U.S. butter contamination with extremely high levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).