tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Argonaute2 Mediates Compensatory Expansion of the Pancreatic β Cell
Authors: Sudhir G. Tattikota, Thomas Rathjen, Sarah J. McAnulty, Hans-Hermann Wessels, Ildem Akerman, Martijn van de Bunt, Jean Hausser, Jonathan L.S. Esguerra, Anne Musahl, Amit K. Pandey, Xintian You, Wei Chen, Pedro L. Herrera, Paul R. Johnson, Donal O’Carroll, Lena Eliasson, Mihaela Zavolan, Anna L. Gloyn, Jorge Ferrer, Ruby Shalom-Feuerstein, Daniel Aberdam, Matthew N. Poy
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)

Highlights•Silencing of miR-184 during insulin resistance promotes its target Ago2•Loss of Ago2 during insulin resistance blocks pancreatic β cell proliferation•Ago2 mediates the suppression of Cadm1 by miR-375 in the β cell•Administration of the ketogenic diet to ob/ob mice rescues miR-184 in isletsSummaryPancreatic β cells adapt to compensate for increased metabolic demand during insulin resistance. Although the microRNA pathway has an essential role in β cell proliferation, the extent of its contribution is unclear. Here, we report that miR-184 is silenced in the pancreatic islets of insulin-resistant mouse models and type 2 diabetic human subjects. Reduction of miR-184 promotes the expression of its target Argonaute2 (Ago2), a component of the microRNA-induced silencing complex. Moreover, restoration of miR-184 in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice decreased Ago2 and prevented compensatory β cell expansion. Loss of Ago2 during insulin resistance blocked β cell growth and relieved the regulation of miR-375-targeted genes, including the growth suppressor Cadm1. Lastly, administration of a ketogenic diet to ob/ob mice rescued insulin sensitivity and miR-184 expression and restored Ago2 and β cell mass. This study identifies the targeting of Ago2 by miR-184 as an essential component of the compensatory response to regulate proliferation according to insulin sensitivity.Graphical abstract
Endoscopy essentials: Preparation, sedation, and surveillance
Authors: V. Kwan, J. Devière
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Endoscopic technology is rapidly advancing at an impressive pace. However, regardless of these advances, the basic principle of executing a safe, effective, and patient-friendly procedure will always remain an essential prerequisite. Therefore, the issues of preparation, sedation, and surveillance are perennially relevant, and are the focus of this state-of-the-art review featuring a limited selection of recently studies published over the past 12 months.
The first year of life. Amniotic fluid investigations.
Authors: H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Early amniocentesisFluid: indications for oa-fetoprotein Amniotic fluid is removed for different reasons at S nN -~t different times of gestation.A needle is passed into the amniotic cavity through the mother's abdominal wall and uterus.Amniocentesis yields amniotic fluid with cells, which can be cultured for chromosome and biochemicalexamination.Early amniocentesis, between the 14th and 16th week of gestation, is performed to establish the diagnosis and to terminate the pregnancy of an abnormal fetus.This investigation should be performed only if the mother is prepared to accept termination of pregnancy if the test shows that the fetus is abnormal.An ultrasound examination should first be performed to confirm the gestational age, as an accurate gestational age is needed to interpret the results of some tests.An ultrasound examination will also show twins and fetal abnormalities such as myelomeningocele. measurementA raised concentration of a-fetoprotein is found in the amniotic fluid when the fetus has anencephaly or myelomeningocele.The indications for measuring ao-fetoprotein concentrations in amniotic fluid are: a raised maternal serum oc-fetoprotein concentration during a routine screening test, or a previous infant with anencephaly, hydrocephalus, or myelomeningocele.Myelomeningocele
A mouse model for Zellweger syndrome
Authors: Myriam Baes, Pierre Gressens, Eveline Baumgart, Peter Carmeliet, Minne Casteels, Marc Fransen, Philippe Evrard, Dariush Fahimi, Peter E. Declercq, Désiré Collen, Paul P. van Veldhoven, Guy P. Mannaerts
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
The study of CD8+ T cell response to MHC class I-restricted universal tumoral peptide in accompany with viral peptide
Authors: J. Gholizadeh Navashenaq, A. Gowhari Shabgah, E. Alsadat Hashemi, M. Hadi Seyedzadeh, F. Shokri, S. Alireza Razavi, G. Ali Kardar
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Differential effect of physical exercise routines on ventricular myosin and peripheral catecholamine stores in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Authors: H Rupp
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The influence of the adrenergic system on the population of ventricular myosin isoenzymes under physiological conditions was assessed by subjection of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to different types of physical exercise that increased the activity of the peripheral adrenergic system to varying degrees. The routines, which were 5-6 weeks in duration, involved the mild exercise of enforced swimming (2 x 90 min/day), spontaneous running (daily, about 15 km/10-12 hr) that resulted in absolute ventricular hypertrophy, and enforced running of low intensity (daily, 2 x 1.8 km/3 hr) but associated with marked stressors. Swimming and spontaneous running reduced the high blood pressure of SHR, whereas enforced running increased it. In both strains, the myosin isoenzymes were redistributed in the direction of V1 after swimming but not after running. In SHR, therefore, reduction of pressure load seems insufficient for induction of a higher proportion of V1. The unique and, until now, unexplained effect of swimming was attributed to the pronounced activation of the peripheral adrenergic system as judged from catecholamine stores of ventricles and adrenal glands. Only swimming increased the norepinephrine content of ventricles and adrenal glands in normotensive rats. Swimming also had the strongest influence in SHR. Further evidence for the influence of the adrenergic system came from the effect of selective cardiac beta-blockade with atenolol (50 mg/kg/day). The diminished adrenergic drive of the heart reduced the proportion of V1 to a greater extent in the swimming rats than in the sedentary rats. Taken together, the data demonstrate that substantial changes in adrenergic activity occur under physiological conditions associated with an altered myosin heavy-chain expression.
Effects of interleukin-3 on hematopoietic recovery after 5-fluorouracil or cyclophosphamide treatment of cynomolgus primates.
Authors: A P Gillio, C Gasparetto, J Laver, M Abboud, M A Bonilla, M B Garnick, R J O'Reilly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a hematopoietic growth factor that supports the growth of early hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. In vivo administration of recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) to normal primates results in a modest and delayed leukocytosis secondary to increases in neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils. We postulated that the effects of rhIL-3 might be more pronounced in hematologically stressed primates, and therefore administered rhIL-3 to primates after intensive myelosuppressive therapy. Primates received either cyclophosphamide (CPM) at 60 mg/kg or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) at 75 mg/kg i.v. on two consecutive days. Subsequently, rhIL-3 was administered intravenously or subcutaneously at 20 micrograms/kg per d for 14 d. Compared to controls, all rhIL-3 treated primates experienced higher absolute neutrophil count (ANC) nadirs and dramatic decreases in the period of severe neutropenia (ANC less than 500) after myelosuppressive therapy. RhIL-3 administration resulted in a significant basophilia and eosinophilia, which resolved after discontinuation of the drug. RhIL-3 did not enhance erythroid recovery. Platelet recovery was earlier in rhIL-3-treated animals. However, variations in the platelet recovery observed in control animals, precluded accurate estimation of this effect or its significance. Our results indicate that the administration of rhIL-3 following intensive myelosuppressive therapy dramatically enhances myeloid recovery and ablates the predicted period of prolonged severe neutropenia.
Anxiety: New Research and Changing Concepts
Authors: Arnold Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A person, usually a woman and often on leaving home, is struck by a terrifying feeling of doom and helplessness. Palpitations, dizziness, sweating, weakness, an urge to urinate or defecate, and an unnameable fear all add up to the "panic," which in turn leads to a variety of avoidance behaviors in the form of "phobias." This syndrome in one form or another represents the major focus of this book, which, as the proceedings of a conference, is a fascinating and terribly uneven review of current biologic and pharmacologic research into the problem. In the middle of this volume is a superb essay by the senior editor entitled "Anxiety Reconceptualized." I wondered why the book had not begun with these few pages, then I realized that the papers in it were just "reported" from a conference, with only a minimum of serious editorial effort to assist the reader. Some papers are
Effect of Biphenylylbutyric Acid on the Cholesterol and Phospholipid Metabolism in the Rat
Authors: R. E. RANNEY, SALLY B. WEISS
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

The effects of treatment of rats with biphenylylbutyric acid were assessed by measuring the amount of acetate-1-C 14 incorporated into the cholesterol and phospholipid of several tissues. The drug inhibited the inclusion of the label into the plasma and hepatic lipid fractions. The treatment had no significant effect upon the lipid metabolism of either the testis or the adrenal. In the aorta, although the incorporation of the labeled acetate into cholesterol was unchanged, the amount of label found in the phospholipids was strikingly enhanced by the treatment. The unique nature of aortic lipid metabolism as evidenced by this work and previous reports is discussed.
Treatment of Varicose Veins
Authors: H. M. Hanschell
Journal: BMJ (1947)

days later I gave him a dose intravenously.Shortly after the needle had been withdrawn his breathing became stertorous, and he died very quickly.Another patient to whom I gave a great many intravenous injections of salyrgan died suddenly on hearing an air raid warn- ing.I mention this to show that there is an element of chance in these cases, and possibly the minute shock of the injection may be the real cause.At one time I thought that veni- puncture might cause more shock than one ordinarily credits, and to test it 1 became a blood donor; but I never noticed the
Indoxyl sulfate induces skeletal resistance to parathyroid hormone in cultured osteoblastic cells
Authors: T. Nii-Kono, Y. Iwasaki, M. Uchida, A. Fujieda, A. Hosokawa, M. Motojima, H. Yamato, K. Kurokawa, M. Fukagawa
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Effect of epicardial patch electrodes on transthoracic defibrillation.
Authors: B B Lerman, O C Deale
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To improve survival rates in patients undergoing surgical ablative procedures for malignant ventricular tachycardia (VT), a frequent practice is to implant epicardial patch electrodes at the time of map-guided surgery. After operation, patients with inducible VT often receive an automatic internal cardioverter/defibrillator (AICD) implant, whereas patients with noninducible VT usually do not. In the event that spontaneous, hypotensive VT or ventricular fibrillation should subsequently occur in the patient with noninducible VT, however, transthoracic defibrillation and resuscitation may prove difficult, because the patch electrodes are insulated with silicone rubber that can reduce the amount of current traversing the myocardium and thus can increase transthoracic defibrillation threshold (DFT). In this study, DFT was determined in mongrel dogs to test the hypothesis that epicardial patch electrodes elevate threshold. This study was also designed to assess the effect of patch electrode orientation and size on DFT. In the first protocol (perpendicular orientation), small epicardial patch electrodes (surface area, 30 cm2) were sutured to the epicardial surfaces of the anterior right and posterior left ventricles in 15 dogs so that the center axes of the patch electrodes were coincident and perpendicular to the coincident center axes of the transthoracic electrodes. The effect of two large epicardial patch electrodes (surface area, 53 cm2) on transthoracic DFT was also examined in eight of these dogs. In the second protocol (parallel orientation), small patch electrodes were sutured to the lateral surfaces of the right and left ventricles in seven dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
IRRADIATED ERGOSTEROL POISONING
Authors: Smith Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The following letter came to me through the mail. It implies that the same precaution is unnecessary in using their preparation of activated ergosterol (Ertron) as when other sources of vitamin D are employed. This information is misleading and conducive to a false sense of security on the part of the physician employing this product. Smith Freeman, M.D. 302 E. Chicago Ave. Chicago, Ill. June 16, 1942 Dear Dr. Freeman: <h3>IRRADIATED ERGOSTEROL POISONING</h3> InThe Journal of the American Medical Association, May 16, 1942, Tumulty, working at Johns Hopkins University, described renal damage and other deleterious effects caused by massive doses of ultraviolet irradiated ergosterol. For a long time many investigators have been of the opinion that such high dosages of ordinary vitamin D products are unwise. In sharp contrast to this, Ertron, which is prepared by the special Whittier process of the
Genetic control of lymphocyte activation: lack of response to low doses of concanavalin A in lipopolysaccharide-nonresponder mice
Authors: PH Bick, U Persson, E Smith, E Moller, L Hammarstrom
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

C3H/HeJ mice do not respond to the polyclonal B-cell activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli; this was first described by Sultzer who observed that mice of this strain did not respond to an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of LPS as measured by the accumulation of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity. Neither were C3H/HeJ mice as susceptible to LPS toxcitiy (1). It was later reported that LPS-induced mitogenesis (2,3), adjuvanticity (4), and the appearance of Ia antigens on B lymphocytes as induced by LPS, (5) was also absent in C3H/HeJ mice. However, lymphocytes from these mice respond normally to the polyclonal B-cell activators purified protein derivative of tuberculin (2,6) and dextran sulfate and have also been reported to respond normally to concanavalin A (Con A) (2). Furthermore, the immune responses to sheep erythrocytes (7) and soluble thymus-dependent antigens (4) are normal in C3H/HeJ mice. Unresponsiveness to LPS in C3H/HeJ mice has been found to Be due to a defect in a single gene or a set of linked genes (3,8) which has been mapped between the major urinary protein locus and the locus coding for polysyndactyly on chromosome 4. (1) We have reported that injection of LPS into mice of an LPS-responsive strain causes a shift in the Con A dose-response curve of cultured spleen cells, suppressing the low does response (9). Therefore, we tested the Con A proliferative response in cultures of normal or LPS-activated spleen cells from LPS-responder (C3H/Tif) and LPS-nonresponder (C3H/HeJ) mice. We report here that C3H/HeJ spleen cells respond poorly to low concentrations of Con A (0.05-0.1 mug/ml). Injection of LPS 2 days before culture inhibits the response to low doses of Con A in cultures of C3H/Tif spleen cells but has no inhibitory effect on the dose response profile of C3H/HeJ spleen cells. Furthermore, the low dose Con A response of spleen cells is dependent upon the presence of an Ia-positive cell. (2) The role of Ia-positive cells in the Con A response of C3H/Tif and C3H/HeJ spleen cells is described.
Clinicians Remain Reluctant to Allow Negative Findings to Influence Practice
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

RESULTS FROM A RECENT REVIEW of randomized controlled trials suggest that medically treating mild hypertension in individuals with no previous cardiovascular events or cardiovascular disease does not reduce mortality or morbidity. But, as so often happens with negative findings, it remains to be seen whether this evidence will change clinical practice. The review, by the Cochrane Collaboration, is at odds with current guidelines in the United States and Europe that call for medical therapy if lifestyle changes cannot control an individual’s blood pressure. The Cochrane conclusion follows recent actions by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), which has questioned whether screening men for prostate cancer, screening women younger than 50 years for breast cancer, and using electrocardiography to predict coronary heart disease events in low-risk asymptomatic adults provide sufficient potential benefits to offset potential harms. In turn, the Cochrane findings and the USPSTF recommendations have met resistance from the professional societies that have published guidelines promoting these practices and the scientists whose research underlies such guidance. Sharon Straus, MD, MSc, who researches knowledge translation, is not surprised by such resistance. “We do have to be aware that sometimes evidence changes over time, and we need to be open to that change. But that is hard to do,” she said. Straus, of the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, said it is particularly difficult to introduce negative study findings into prevention and screening protocols because it is hard to visualize such interventions as having risk components. “People think that if they get screened for something, it will be a good thing, and we don’t think that bad things will happen,” Straus said. “And this is what these [negative findings] highlight—the potential for good and harms.”
SARCOMATOUS TRANSFORMATION OF MYOMATA.
Authors: THOMAS S. CULLEN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

This report includes several cases of myomata where sarcomatous changes have occurred. From the number of cases recorded it is evident that the disease is more frequent than heretofore suspected. The sarcoma usually develops in one of several myomata and may be situated in a subperitoneal interstitial or submucous nodule. Until recently it was supposed to be confined chiefly to submucous myomata. The gross changes are characteristic, the firm cross-grained myomatous tissue being replaced by a homogeneous yellowish white growth devoid of a fibrous arrangement and closely resembling raw pork. Degenerations in the sarcomatous tissue are frequent. Histologically these growths arc found to develop from two sources: 1. The connective tissue. 2. The uterine muscle. Those of connective tissue origin may consist: (<i>a</i>Of spindle shaped cells. (<i>b</i>) Of round cells. In those derived from the muscle a direct transition from the muscle fibers into the sarcomatous ones can be
Early and Untimely Prognostications
Authors: L. A. Whitehill
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is high time the medical profession desisted from early and untimely prognostications on the illnesses of prominent people. Undoubtedly pressures from the press are considerable, and, admittedly, a brief comment may seem entirely innocuous at the time. However, we have seen a number of sad consequences of such reports recently. Senator Kefauver's heart attack was described as very mild, but he was dead within the next 24 hours. Similarly, the late Senator Kerr of Oklahoma was described as sitting up in bed, conversing, after an electrocardiogram which disclosed a minor attack. He, too, was dead very shortly thereafter. And there have been many others over the years. This is possibly the worst kind of publicity for the entire medical profession. It raises qualms of doubt for the average lay person, irrespective of assurances from his trusted and kindly family doctor. Every heart attack is now magnified
Mendelian Inheritance in Man: Catalogs of Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive, and X-Linked Phenotypes
Authors: Arno G. Motulsky
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In 1966 Victor McKusick published the first edition of this catalog. The book attempted to document in a single reference volume all known human genes, traits, and diseases that segregated by monogenic or Mendelian inheritance. Conditions that incontestably followed a given Mendelian mode of inheritance were starred ( * ), but many conditions whose mode of transmission was less certain were also listed. Each entry was given a unique identification number, and a short description of each entity was followed by a list of key references.  The eighth edition of this reference work has now appeared. From a total of 1487 entries in 1966, the number has grown to 4344 in 1988. There are 2208 definite Mendelian entities (1443 autosomal dominant, 626 autosomal recessive, and 139 X-linked) and 2136 entries where the mode of inheritance is less certain. Many new data are provided regarding linkage and chromosomal localization.  There are thought to be
Results of the UK NEW START Sentinel Node Biopsy Training Program: A Model for Future Surgical Training.
Authors: A. Goyal, F. MacNeill, R. Newcombe, J. Townson, M. Keshtgar, R. Mansel
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: NEW START the world's largest structured, multi-professional and validated surgical training programme was established to allow rapid transfer of appropriate knowledge and technical skills to ensure safe and competent sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in the UK. The number of training cases is larger than the number of cases in the NSABP-32 randomised trial.Methods: A sentinel node (SN) localisation protocol was standardised using the combined technique of isotope (0.05-0.1ml 99mTc-albumin colloid - Nanocoll®) and blue dye (Patent Blue V) injected into the tumour quadrant peri-areolar tissue. Isotope was injected intra-dermally and static scintigraphic images obtained, blue dye was injected sub-dermally after anaesthetic induction.Multi-professional teams attended a theory/skills-lab day at a regional center. All surgeons then performed 30 consecutive SNB's (minimum 10 node positive) either followed immediately by standard axillary staging - mentorship model - or as a stand-alone procedure - apprenticeship model. An accredited NEW START trainer supervised the first 5 cases, or all 30 cases if stand-alone apprenticeship, in the participant's hospital.Validation standards were based on published literature with a localization rate of &amp;gt;90% and false-negative rate of &amp;lt;10%. Participants continued in validation until the standards were achieved.Results: From October 2004 to December 2008, SNB was performed on 6685 patients, in 103 centres by 210 SNB naive surgeons. SNB was followed by immediate axillary staging (mentorship model) in 87% (5849/6685), axillary nodal metastases were found in 31% (2098/6685) of whom 1821 had SNB followed by immediate axillary staging.Scintigraphy identified axillary lymph node drainage in 85% (5564/6511) with a total SN localisation rate of 99% (6610/6685, 95% CI 0.9% to 1.4%). There were 163 false negatives, resulting in a false negative rate (FNR) of 8.9% (163/1821, 95% CI 7.7% to 10.4%). The median SN yield was 2.0 (range 1-11).Localization and FNR's improved with surgeon caseload but no significant learning curve was identified. The FNR decreased to &amp;lt;10% after 20 cases.Failed localisation rate and false-negative rate by surgeon case number Surgeon Case Number 1 to 1011 to 2021 to 3031 to 4041 to 75Failed localisation rate (%)1.21.11.11.20.9False-negative rate (%)9.410.28.57.76.4 Conclusion: NEW START is a unique training programme that establishes a benchmark for future surgical training. It demonstrates that carefully planned multi-professional training can translate specialist performance standards across a national service and abolish learning curves so ensuring patient safety during training. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1001.