tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 45 among nursing home residents and staff in Taiwan
Authors: F.-Y. Tsao, H.-W. Kou, Y.-C. Huang
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)

Unlike hospitals or the community, nursing homes provide a unique healthcare environment for patients. There have been no reports regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage among nursing home residents and staff in Taiwan. From May to November 2012, a total of 523 subjects, including 360 residents and 163 staff, in 14 nursing homes in Taiwan were surveyed for nasal MRSA carriage. Overall, the nasal MRSA carriage rate was 20.1%, with 20.3% for residents and 19.6% for staff. For residents, age >60 years (adjusted OR 2.268; 95% CI 1.185–4.342; p 0.013) and the presence of chronic wounds (adjusted OR 2.449; 95% CI 1.082–5.544; p 0.032) were the significant risk factors for MRSA carriage in multivariate models. Among the 105 MRSA isolates, 11 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were identified, except for five isolates untypeable by SmaI digestion, with one major pattern; nine isolates (8.6%) possessed staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) type II or III, 66 isolates type IV or V, and 21 isolates unidentified types. The clone characterized as PFGE pattern BM sequence type 45 was the most common clone, accounting for 50% of the isolates, and was multiresistant, including to ciprofloxacin. Intra-institutional and inter-institutional transmission of MRSA was documented by molecular methods. It was shown conclusively that one-fifth of residents and staff in nursing homes in Taiwan harboured MRSA, mostly ST45 strains, in their nares. Intra-institutional and inter-institutional transmission of MRSA was documented.
Concordance between tuberculin skin testing and interferon-gamma release assays in diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-infected individuals
Authors: Adriana Socaci, Gheorghe Nini, Voicu Tudorache, Teodora Moisil, Erdin Borgazi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Detection and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) in HIV infected individuals is strongly recommended to decrease morbidity and mortality in countries with high levels of HIV. Interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) are now available alternatives to tuberculin skin test (TST) to detect LTBI Aims: This study compared QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-IT) with the TST for the detection of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-infected individuals in an area with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (120%000), where BCG vaccination is mandatory. Methods: A prospective study of HIV-infected individuals with received the TST and an IGRA, the QFT-IT. Results: Of 147 participants, 106 (72.1%) returned for an evaluable TST. Concordance between QFT and TST was 88.8% (kappa = 0.37, p ≤0.001). However, in subjects with positive test results by either TST or QFT, only 27% (4/15) had positive test results by both modalities. TST-positive/QFT-negative discordant results were found in 5.1% of subjects and TST-negative/QFT-positive discordance in 6.1%. Indeterminate QFT results occurred in 5.4% (8/147), all due to a failure to respond to the phytohemagglutinin-positive control. Subjects with a CD4+ count of less than 100 cells/mm3 had a relative risk of an indeterminate result of 4.24 (p= 0.003) compared with those with a CD4+ count of 100 or more. Conclusions: Overall concordance between QFT and TST in HIV infection was high and similar to that seen in an immunocompetent population, but QFT testing may be limited by an elevated rate of indeterminate results in subjects with CD4+ cell counts of less than 100 cells/ mm3.
Canadian prediction equation of spirometric lung function for caucasian adults 18-90 years: Results from the Canadian obstructive lung disease (COLD) study and the Canadian ECRHS study
Authors: Cold Investigators, Ecrhs Investigators
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: There are no preexisting reference for spirometry based on a randomly selected Canadian population.

Objective: To construct spirometric reference values for adults, aged 18 -90 years, by combining data of healthy life-long non-smokers from two population based studies: the Canadian Obstructive Lung disease [COLD] study and the Canadian European Community Respiratory Health Survey [ECRHS] Study.

Method: Spirometric lung function data were available from 3042 subjects in the COLD study and from 2571 subjects in the Canadian ECRHS. Exploratory curves for the combined spirometric variables versus age were continuous and linear. We identified 844 [ages 40-90 years] and 812 [aged 18-44 years] healthy, asymptomatic, life-long nonsmokers to provide normative reference values for spirometry. Multiple regression models were constructed separately for self-reported Caucasian men and women for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC with covariates of height, sex and age.

Results: The summary for the best-fitting regression models for healthy never-smoking, asymptomatic men and women, 18-90 years old, are as follows:

View this table:



Conclusion: These spirometry reference equations, derived from population-based cohorts with stringently monitored lung function measurements, provides data currently lacking in Canada.
Contraindications and precautions with inhalation therapy in COPD. Awareness or unawareness, a questionaire
Authors: Christian N. Meyer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Increased risk and mortality in COPD patients has been recently verified, when using inhalation therapy (LABA, LAMA, ICS) under certain clinical circumstances.

Aims and objectives: To explore if medical doctors of different sub-speciality, age or clinical employment were aware of these recent clarified possible risks for COPD patients.

Methods: An electronic questionnaire (SurveyXact) was forwarded in January 2013 to the medical doctors with an available email address in the Danish medical societies of A) pulmonary medicine (n=234), B) cardiology (n=1185), and C) geriatrics (n=58/206).

Results: Doublets (n=15), active decliners (n=25) and non-functioning addresses (n=27) were excluded. Among the 1438 distributions, full responders were 407/1438 (28%) and partial responders 87/1438 (6%). Among physicians of the 3 respective societies and among non-specialists (group D), the proportions of never using contraindications or precautions towards LABA were 37%, 79%, 59%, and 65%, respectively (p=0.00002). The same proportions towards LAMA were 22%, 77%, 47%, and 64%, respectively (p<0.00001). The proportions towards ICS were 48%, 84%, 65%, and 75%, respectively (p=0.00001). Very few doctors (n=24) mentioned recent myocardial infarction, severe arrhythmias or severe heart failure as relative contraindications for LAMA inhalation.

Conclusions: The proportions of doctors never using any contraindications towards LAMA, ICS or LABA were significantly higher among cardiologists and non-specialists. The recent indications of increased mortality in also specific cardiologic or nephrologic conditions using soft mist tiotropium in COPD, did not seem to influence the clinical practice, yet.
Safer Surgery by Learning from Complications: A Focus on Robotic Prostate Surgery
Authors: René J. Sotelo, Alexander Haese, Victor Machuca, Luis Medina, Luciano Nuñez, Flavio Santinelli, Andrés Hernandez, Ali Riza Kural, Alexander Mottrie, Camilo Giedelman, Mariano Mirandolino, Kenneth Palmer, Ronney Abaza, Reza Ghavamian, Arieh Shalhav, Alireza Moinzadeh, Vipul Patel, Michael Stifelman, Ingolf Tuerk, David Canes
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Foreign-Body Tumorigenesis in Mice: DNA Synthesis in Surface-Attached Cells During Preneoplasia<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: Mary Jane Thomassen, Lance C. Buoen, Inge Brand, K. Gerhard Brand
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

(CBA/H × CBA/H-T6)F1 mice were given sc implants of unplasticized vinyl chloride acetate 15×22-mm copolymer films. The animals were pulsed with [3H]thymidine at various times during the 15 months following implantation. DNA synthesis occurred in the film-attached cell population, predominantly macrophages, throughout the preneoplastic phase in both females and males. Giant cells with fewer than 10 nuclei were labeled synchronously and asynchronously. No DNA synthesis was detected in giant cells with more than 10 nuclei. Previous studies have shown that phagocytic inactivity and ultrastructural signs of functional dormancy are characteristic for the foreign-body-reactive macrophage. However, this investigation demonstrated that the macrophage was not dormant with respect to DNA synthesis.
A variety of respiratory viruses found in symptomatic travellers returning from countries with ongoing spread of the new influenza A(H1N1)v virus strain
Authors: P Follin, A Lindqvist, K Nyström, M Lindh
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Clinical specimens from 79 symptomatic individuals with a recent history of travel to countries with verified transmission of influenza A(H1N1)v (North America) were tested with a multiple real-time PCR targeting a broad range of agents that may cause acute respiratory infection. This analysis revealed that besides four cases of influenza A(H1N1)v, other respiratory viruses were diagnosed in almost 60% of the samples. These observations are a reminder that many different viral transmissions occur simultaneously in countries with ongoing spread of influenza A(H1N1)v. The findings demonstrate that the definition of suspected cases by clinical and epidemiological criteria has only a poor capacity for discriminating influenza A(H1N1)v from other viral infections.
Morality predictors in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: George Dabar, Mirella Iskandar, Bassem Habr, Zeina Aoun, Moussa Riachy, George Khayat
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Acute Exacerbation (AE) of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is the sudden acceleration of disease process superimposed on a diseased lung affected by IPF. Our objective is to find predictors of mortality in AE of IPF in our population.   Design : Medical records review for the world pulmonary fibrosis from 2000 through 2012, followed by a manual review of the identified records that fit the criteria of AE of IPF. 71 patients with fibrosis were found. AE was identified in 30-discharge summary, 24 were analyzed and 6 medical records were missing.   Setting:  The studied patients were treated at the Hotel Dieu Hospital in Beirut by a group of pulmonologists without a predefined common protocol.   Method:  Data were collected from medical records and chest computerized tomography (CT) scans were reviewed.   Statistical analysis:  Pearson Chi-Square test was used to detect significant differences in patient9s characteristics between survivors and non-survivors.   Results:  18 exacerbation survived and 6 died, no difference was found in age, disease length, smoking, FVC, diffusion, infection 3 month prior to exacerbation. C-reactive protein (CRP) and Maximum oxygen use were significantly higher in the Non-survivors group while Procalcitonin or (+) sputum cultures were similar. CT scanner findings did not differ between the 2 groups. Patients who did not survive were more likely to have treatment limitation and stayed longer. A multivariable analysis included age, FVC, diffusion, CRP, maximal dose of steroids, and alveolitis, no correlation was found with mortality.   Conclusion:  In AE of IPF survivors and non-survivors had same characteristics, however higher CRP and resource utilization were noticed in non-survivors.
Interaction Between Tumor and Host During Progressive Neoplastic Growth in Histoincompatible Recipients&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Erna Möller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Tumor sublines were selected for progressive growth in H-2 incompatible recipients by passage through allogeneic newborn hosts or adult hosts preheated with humoral isoantibodies directed against the tumor cells. Tumors of these sublines have a reduced concentration of H-2 isoantigenic determinants compared to the strain-specific tumor of origin. The nonspecific sublines also have a markedly decreased sensitivity to cytotoxic H-2 isoantibodies in vitro. Mice carrying H-2 incompatible tumor grafts produced hemagglutinins against the tumor genotype; the fluctuations in antibody titers and tumor size were closely correlated. Experiments were performed to test the possibility that humoral antibody production facilitates tumor growth (“self-enhancement”). Injection of antiserum into mice carrying H-2 incompatible tumors increased the growth rate of the tumor. Splenectomy decreased the production of humoral isoantibodies and inhibited the growth of nonspecific tumor sublines. These findings support the hypothesis that the immune response of the hosts against H-2 incompatible neoplastic cells contributes to progressive growth by a process of self-enhancement.
Alteration of Immunocompetence by Mammary Tumor Virus2
Authors: D. E. Griswold, G. H. Heppner, P. Calabresi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Alteration of Immunocompetence by Mammary Tumor Virus Get access D. E. Griswold, D. E. Griswold Department of Medicine, Roger Williams General Hospital and Division of Bio-Medical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. H. Heppner, G. H. Heppner Department of Medicine, Roger Williams General Hospital and Division of Bio-Medical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Calabresi P. Calabresi Department of Medicine, Roger Williams General Hospital and Division of Bio-Medical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 4, April 1973, Pages 1035–1038, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.4.1035 Published: 01 April 1973 Article history Received: 11 October 1972 Accepted: 15 December 1972 Published: 01 April 1973
Hodgkin's disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection: clinicopathologic and virologic features of 114 patients from the Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS and Tumors.
Authors: U Tirelli, D Errante, R Dolcetti, A Gloghini, D Serraino, E Vaccher, S Franceschi, M Boiocchi, A Carbone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

To describe virologic, clinicopathologic, and therapeutic features of a large series of Italian patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.From November 1986 to March 1994, 114 cases were observed. The relationship between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and HD was determined by an in situ hybridization technique, immunostaining for EBV-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) expression, and Southern blotting. Twenty-six patients were included in a prospective study evaluating the combination of chemotherapy (CT) with zidovudine.Combined approach on EBV study revealed that 14 (78%) of 18 patients were EBV-associated. An almost equivalent distribution of EBV subtypes was observed in EBV-carrying cases, indicating that in the HIV setting, type 2 EBV also may be pathogenetically involved in HD development. In comparing these 114 patients with our single-institutional series of 104 HIV-negative patients with HD, we observed at presentation a younger median age (29 v 38 years); a prevalence of males (90% v 56%); and a higher percentage of stage IV disease (52% v 15%), presence of B symptoms (77% v 35%), and extranodal disease (63% v 29%). The complete remission (CR) rate (58%) and median survival (13 months) of patients treated prospectively were similar to that of patients treated with standard CT regimens. The statistically significant favorable prognostic factors for survival being the following: achievement of CR, CD4+ count greater than 250/microL, and no prior diagnosis of AIDS at onset of HD.Our virologic findings indicate that HIV-related HD is more closely associated with EBV than HD in the general population. The peculiar clinicopathologic findings, the role of some prognostic factors, and the possibility of cure of HIV-related HD have been demonstrated.
Abstract 1271: The Effects of Dalcetrapib on Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport in a Rodent Model
Authors: Eric J Niesor, Hiroshi Okamoto, Cyrille Maugeais, Elisabeth von der Mark, Marie Brousse, Denise Blum-Kaelin, Evelyne Chaput, Makoto Kakutani
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Apolipoprotein A1 regulate innate immune response and tight junction formation in the airway epithelium to promote the resolution of allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Sung Woo Park, Eunhee Lee, Ansoo Jang, SooTaek Uh, YongHoon Kim, David Erle, Choonsik Park
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Apolipoprotein A-1(ApoA1), main component of HDL have anti-inflammatory effect as well as reverse cholesterol transport. The objective of this study was to determine airway levels of ApoA1 in the asthmatics as well as its effect on innate immune response and resolution of inflammation on experimental asthma. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed for differential display proteomics in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from asthmatics. Intra-nasal ApoA1 was treated (D24,25) after challenged ovalbumin(OVA, D22,23,24) in an established murine model of asthma. Mild to moderate asthmatics had significantly less ApoA1 in BAL fluid than healthy controls. In a murine model of asthma, ApoA1 suppressed the cardinal features of asthma when given after OVA challenge. ApoA1 significantly decreased lung IL-25, IL-33 levels as well as other Th2 cytokines.ApoA1 inhibits the production of IL-25, IL33, and CCL20 in the allergen treated cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells. ApoA1 also increased production of lipoxin A4(LXA4)in the OVA challnged lung and promote restore the allergen induced disrupted tight junctions proteins Zo-1 and occludin in the bronchial epithelium.Our data demonstrate that ApoA1 regulate both initiation and resolution of airway inflammation. The mechanism includes down regulation of IL-25, IL-33 and CCL20 expression in the epithelium which promote Th2 response. ApoA1 regulate pro-resolution mediator LXA4 and tight junction proteins production. Together, ApoA1 could be therapeutic strategy for chronic airway inflammation such as asthma.
Eliminating Global Health Disparities
Authors: D Satcher
Journal: JAMA (2000)

One of my goals as surgeon general is to eliminate health disparities in the United States. Yet, it is essential that we also play a role in eliminating global health disparities; that is, inequalities in health status, disease distribution, and access to services. The World Health Report 2000--available at http://www.who.int/whr/2000/-- notes that health should be good (the best it can be) and fair (equitably distributed). When health and health services are unfairly distributed, regardless of how good they are, we still face disparities.
Spontaneous Tumors and Common Diseases in Two Colonies of Syrian Hamsters. III. Urogenital System and Endocrine Glands2
Authors: Parviz Pour, Ulrich Mohr, Jürgen Althoff, Antonio Cardesa, Norbert Kmoch
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Spontaneous Tumors and Common Diseases in Two Colonies of Syrian Hamsters. III. Urogenital System and Endocrine Glands Get access Parviz Pour, Parviz Pour Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ulrich Mohr, Ulrich Mohr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jürgen Althoff, Jürgen Althoff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Antonio Cardesa, Antonio Cardesa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Norbert Kmoch Norbert Kmoch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 5, May 1976, Pages 949–961, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.5.949 Published: 01 May 1976 Article history Received: 06 May 1975 Revision received: 09 October 1975 Accepted: 21 November 1975 Published: 01 May 1976
Confocal microscopy of cystic disorders of the corneal epithelium11The authors have no commercial interest in the development or marketing of any products referred to in this article.
Authors: Everardo Hernández-Quintela, Frank Mayer, Pablo Dighiero, Benoit Briat, Michèle Savoldelli, Jean-Marc Legeais, Gilles Renard
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)
Homozygosity for a factor <scp>XII</scp> mutation in one female and one male patient with hereditary angio‐oedema
Authors: A. S. Grumach, C. Stieber, C. L. Veronez, N. Cagini, R. N. Constantino‐Silva, E. Cordeiro, M. M. Nöthen, J. B. Pesquero, S. Cichon
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Hereditary angio-oedema (HAE) with normal C1 inhibitor is associated with heterozygous mutations in the factor XII gene (FXII-HAE). We report two Brazilian FXII-HAE families segregating the mutation c.983 C>A (p.Thr328Lys). In each family, one patient with a homozygous mutation was found. The homozygous female patient in family 1 displayed a severe phenotype. However, this falls within the clinical phenotype spectrum reported for heterozygous female mutation carriers. The homozygous male patient in family 2 also showed a severe phenotype. This finding is intriguing, as to our knowledge, it is the first such report for a male FXII-HAE mutation carrier. In the rare instances in which male mutation carriers are affected, a mild phenotype is typical. The present findings therefore suggest that homozygous FXII-HAE mutation status leads to a severe phenotype in females and males, and to an increased risk of manifest symptoms in the latter.
Exacerbations in cystic fibrosis {middle dot} 1: Epidemiology and pathogenesis
Authors: C. H Goss, J. L Burns
Journal: Thorax (2007)

With the improving survival of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the clinical spectrum of this complex multisystem disease continues to evolve. One of the most important clinical events for patients with CF in the course of this disease is an acute pulmonary exacerbation. Clinical and microbial epidemiology studies of CF pulmonary exacerbations continue to provide important insight into the course, prognosis and complications of the disease. This review provides a summary of the pathophysiology, clinical epidemiology and microbial epidemiology of a CF pulmonary exacerbation.
Rheumatoid arthritis in Lebanese patients: characteristics in a tertiary referral centre in Beirut city
Authors: L Kalouche Khalil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a worldwide inflammatory joint disease with variable degrees of joint damage and extra articular manifestations (EAMs). Several studies have shown that the disease is less severe and has fewer EAMs in Mediterranean countries than in other geographical areas.1–3 In Lebanon, there are no reliable data on its characteristics. Because differences in the clinical features require different practice guidelines, it is necessary to assess our population. We describe here the disease in a cohort of Lebanese patients with RA in our tertiary university hospital in the capital, Beirut.

We identified 97 patients with RA, above the age of 18, in the outpatient clinics of the rheumatology department over a 1 year period, starting March 2001. They all fulfilled the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) revised …