tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
African trypanosome glucose transporter genes: organization and evolution of a multigene family.
Authors: F Bringaud, T Baltz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1994)

Trypanosoma brucei brucei (EATRO-164) contains a tandem array of six genes encoding a glucose transporter, THT1 (trypanosome hexose transporter), followed by five genes encoding a second isoform, THT2. Two distinct clusters containing THT1 and THT2 genes have been identified in the EATRO-164 clone and in most other African trypanosome clones analyzed. Analysis of progeny from crosses between clones of T. b. brucei displaying polymorphism in THT1 copy number per cluster suggests that the two clusters of THT genes are present on homologous chromosomes. In addition, analysis of 30 African trypanosome clones revealed a high degree of polymorphism in THT1 copy number per cluster. Sequence comparison of five THT1 and two and one-half THT2 unit repeats, present within a 20-kb region, provided information about the genesis and evolution of the THT multigene family. The most divergent regions between THT1 and THT2 unit repeats probably arose from insertion of DNA fragments into an ancestral THT region. Genes of each of the different families are almost identical, and there are large regions of identity shared between THT1 and THT2 members. A mosaic copy containing most of a THT1 gene with the 3' extremity of a THT2 gene is found within the cluster. These results suggest that THT1 and THT2 arose by modification (insertion, mutation, or conversion) of duplicated ancestral genes. Functional constraints and homologous recombination may be evoked to explain the maintenance of the conserved sequences of THT1 and THT2.
Radiation-induced increase in hyaluronan and fibronectin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from breast cancer patients is suppressed by smoking
Authors: L Bjermer, R Hallgren, K Nilsson, L Franzen, T Sandstrom, B Sarnstrand, R Henriksson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was analysed from 21 patients with breast cancer, stage T1N0M0, who had undergone tumour resection and post-operative local irradiation (accumulated dose 56 Gy). The lavage was performed two months after radiotherapy, in the anterior part of the lingula (left side) or of the right middle lobe (right side), depending on which side had been exposed to radiation. The patients had significantly increased concentrations of fibronectin (FN) (p less than 0.001), hyaluronan (HA) (p less than 0.01) and albumin (p less than 0.05) in BAL fluid compared with the healthy controls (n = 19). However, when the patients were separated, according to smoking history, it was obvious that the inflammatory reaction occurred entirely in the nonsmoking patient group (n = 10), whilst no difference could be found between the smoking patients (n = 11) and the controls. In the nonsmoking patient group, there was a sevenfold increase in BAL concentrations of FN and a threefold increase in HA. Moreover, four patients had detectable levels of procollagen III peptide in BAL, all were nonsmokers. The smoking habits of the controls had no influence on the BAL measurements. These findings indicate that smoking interferes with the radiation-induced early inflammatory connective tissue reaction of the lung. Finally, the results justify further investigation of interaction of smoking with cancer treatment, both from the view of therapy effectiveness and reduction of adverse effects.
Cardiac effects when using trial-derived monitoring protocols for adjuvant trastuzumab: Results from a retrospective multicenter UK audit
Authors: P. Canney, C. Linsday, A. Wardley, A. Jones, M. Verril, R. Todd, P. Barrett-Lee, M. Keni, S. Robb, C. Plummer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

582 Background: Guidelines for cardiac scanning in adjuvant Trastuzumab (T) trials were developed due to clinical concerns regarding cardiotoxicity, and these same guidelines are now used in clinical practice. This was a retrospective audit to assess adherence to these guidelines and characterise the nature and timescale of problems experienced with adjuvant T in clinical practice. Methods: A retrospective review of MUGA/ECHO results was conducted in patients who received adjuvant T for breast cancer. Data was compiled from five UK cancer centres: Glasgow, Manchester, Cardiff, The Royal Free hospital and Newcastle. Results: A total of 424 patients received at least one dose of adjuvant T between September 2005 and January 2008, using a HERA trial schedule. There were 262 with detailed information regarding treatment delays/withdrawals for cardiac reasons. 12% (32/262 pts) were withdrawn from adjuvant trastuzumab treatment for cardiac reasons, with another 11% (29/262 pts) experiencing at least 1 delay in treatment. Analysis of cardiac scan results for the remaining 162 pts suggested a total cardiac delay/withdrawal percentage of 14.4% (61/424 pts). There was no age effect with 15% (50/338) of &lt;65 year olds experiencing cardiac delays/withdrawals compared to 18% (9/50) of ≥65 year olds. Preherceptin cardiac scan results did appear to be predictive of subsequent problems, with 29% (38/132 pts) who had an ejection fraction (EF) of 40–59% experiencing cardiac delays/withdrawals compared to 10% (19/183 pts) with an EF of 60–69% and 4% (4/98 pts) with an EF ≥ 70%. Pretreatment with Doxorubicin was associated with an approximate doubling of cardiac problems (6/20 pts; 30%) compared to pretreatment with Epirubicin containing chemotherapy regimens. No temporal relationship existed between timing of cardiac delays/withdrawals and stage of T treatment. Conclusions: Significant numbers of patients are experiencing delays/withdrawals during adjuvant T treatment. In routine practice the withdrawal rates are more than twice those reported in the HERA trial population. There is a clear role for a re-assessment of the trial-derived cardiac management guidelines, which should be prospectively audited. [Table: see text]
Fish oil in knee osteoarthritis: a randomised clinical trial of low dose versus high dose
Authors: Catherine L Hill, Lynette M March, Dawn Aitken, Susan E Lester, Ruth Battersby, Kristen Hynes, Tanya Fedorova, Susanna M Proudman, Michael James, Leslie G Cleland, Graeme Jones
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To determine whether high-dose fish oil is superior to low-dose supplementation for symptomatic and structural outcomes in knee osteoarthritis (OA). <h3>Methods</h3> A randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial enrolled 202 patients with knee OA and regular knee pain. They were randomised 1:1 to high-dose fish oil (4.5 g omega-3 fatty acids) 15 mL/day or (2) low-dose fish oil (blend of fish oil and sunola oil; ratio of 1:9, 0.45 g omega-3 fatty acids) 15 mL/day. The primary endpoints were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, and change in cartilage volume at 24 months. Secondary outcomes included WOMAC function, quality of life, analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and bone marrow lesion score. <h3>Results</h3> Although there was improvement in both groups, the low-dose fish oil group had greater improvement in WOMAC pain and function scores at 2 years compared with the high-dose group, whereas between-group differences at 1 year did not reach statistical significance. There was no difference between the two groups in cartilage volume loss at 2 years. For other secondary endpoints, there was no difference between the two groups at 2 years. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In people with symptomatic knee OA, there was no additional benefit of a high-dose fish oil compared with low-dose fish oil. The combination comparator oil appeared to have better efficacy in reducing pain at 2 years, suggesting that this requires further investigation. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12607000415404).
Differing clinical courses of IPF at an acute district general hospital
Authors: Abigail Moore, Kavita Dave, Sophie Vergnaud, Monisade Adereti, Robin Johns
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction 

IPF is more prevalent in males and smokers and tends to present in the 6th and 7th decades, with a 2 to 3 year prognosis. Data suggests rapid and slow progressors exist but phenotypic differences are yet to be identified (Raghu et al, Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011; 183: 788-824).

Aims and Methods 

Patients with pulmonary fibrosis who died between 2006 and 2012 were identified(n=76). 18 were excluded: 11 had no evidence of fibrosis and 7 had diseases associated with ILD. Of those remaining (n=58), demographics, disease associations and course were examined. Patients were separated into rapid progressors (top quartile) and slow progressors (lower 3 quartiles) by time from diagnosis to death. Our aim was to determine if phenotypic differences were apparent.

Results 

Mean age at onset was 74(± 1.47) years. Male:Female ratio was 2:1 and 56.9% had a smoking history. Survival from diagnosis until death was 34(± 5.13) months. Rapid and slow progressor phenotypes are shown below.

![Figure][1] 



Conclusion 

In comparison to published IPF data on peak incidence, patients were older, however survival was similar to that described. Longer survival is associated with younger age at diagnosis, smoking history, use of proton pump inhibitors, drug treatment and respiratory follow up.

Identifying characteristics of rapid progressors may begin to help us understand factors influencing progression. These insights will help shape services for our current IPF population.

 [1]: pending:yes
Rat Alpha1 Fetoprotein. V. Catabolism and Fetal-Maternal Distribution2
Authors: Stewart Sell, Don Alexander
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

The rates of catabolism and the distribution of alpha1 fetoprotein (α1F) in the rat during gestation were determined with the use of radiolabeled, highly purified α1F, and the serum α1F concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. The concentration of α1F at term was 5000 µg/ml in fetal serum, 1500 µg/ml in amniotic fluid, and 200 µg/ml in maternal serum. There was an equilibration of α1F between fetal blood, amniotic fluid, and maternal blood. The half-life of α1F in normal and lactating rats was 1 day. But, in pregnant rats, it was 12–15 hours. This was due to a catabolic site in the fetus or placenta that could be identified during the last week of gestation. This was not specific for α1F, since the catabolism of albumin was also more rapid in pregnant than in normal or lactating rats. The physiologic function of α1F remains unknown.
Brief Communication: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Cancer. IV. Correlation of Water Content With Tissue Relaxation Times23
Authors: Leon A. Saryan, Donald P. Hollis, James S. Economou, Joseph C. Eggleston
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Brief Communication: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Cancer. IV. Correlation of Water Content With Tissue Relaxation Times Get access Leon A. Saryan, Leon A. Saryan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald P. Hollis, Donald P. Hollis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James S. Economou, James S. Economou Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph C. Eggleston Joseph C. Eggleston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 2, February 1974, Pages 599–602, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.2.599 Published: 01 February 1974 Article history Received: 26 September 1973 Accepted: 05 October 1973 Published: 01 February 1974
Positron Emission Tomography: Current Challenges and Opportunities for Technological Advances in Clinical and Preclinical Imaging Systems
Authors: Juan José Vaquero, Paul Kinahan
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2015)

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is based on detecting two time-coincident high-energy photons from the emission of a positron-emitting radioisotope. The physics of the emission, and the detection of the coincident photons, give PET imaging unique capabilities for both very high sensitivity and accurate estimation of the in vivo concentration of the radiotracer. PET imaging has been widely adopted as an important clinical modality for oncological, cardiovascular, and neurological applications. PET imaging has also become an important tool in preclinical studies, particularly for investigating murine models of disease and other small-animal models. However, there are several challenges to using PET imaging systems. These include the fundamental trade-offs between resolution and noise, the quantitative accuracy of the measurements, and integration with X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In this article, we review how researchers and industry are addressing these challenges.
The evaluation of the relationship between malignant mesothelioma and environmental asbestos exposure in Sivas
Authors: Serdar Berk, Hüseyin Yalçin, Kursat Epozturk, Omer Tamer Dogan, Zehra Seyfikli, Ibrahim Akkurt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objectives:  Sivas province is located in the Central Anatolia where asbestos exposure is common. We aimed to study the relationship between environmental mineralogical effects and epidemiologic features of patients with MM.   Methods:  In total, 219 patients with MM who were diagnosed in our hospital between 1993 and 2010 were retrospectively analyzed in terms of demographical and clinical features. Rock, soil and house plaster samples were taken from the habitats of those patients and were evaluated with optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods.   Results:  The patients aged between 18 and 85 years (male/female ratio=1.4). Most of the patients (86%) confirmed an asbestos exposure history. The most frequent symptoms were chest pain (60%) and dyspnea (50%) and the duration of the symptoms was 4 months in average. The plaster materials used in most of the houses were made up of mainly carbonate and silicate minerals and some chrysotile. Ophiolitic units contained fibrous minerals such as serpentine (clino+orthochrysotile) chiefly and pectolite, brucite, hydrotalcite and tremolite/actinolite in smaller amounts.   Conclusions:  MM is primarily related to environmental chrysotile exposure in Sivas. However, single or combined roles and/or interactions of other fibrous and non-fibrous minerals in the etiology of MM are not yet fully understood and remain to be investigated.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: Lack of Association Between Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Findings
Authors: Gregory R.J. Swanwick, Michael Kirby, Irene Bruce, Fiona Buggy, Robert F. Coen, Davis Coakley, Brian A. Lawlor
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

The authors examined longitudinal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in Alzheimer's disease.Cortisol levels of 30 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 17 healthy elderly subjects were measured before and after administration of dexamethasone. These measures were repeated at 9-month intervals in the patients with Alzheimer's disease.At baseline, cortisol levels were higher in the Alzheimer's disease group before and after dexamethasone administration. Although only two of the four patients whose cortisol levels were not suppressed by dexamethasone also had high cortisol levels before dexamethasone administration, basal and postdexamethasone cortisol levels were correlated. HPA axis dysfunction correlated with severity of dementia at baseline but was not stable longitudinally and did not increase with follow-up.There was no association between longitudinal and cross-sectional findings. The longitudinal data were not consistent with a role for the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis (that hippocampal cell loss in Alzheimer's disease results in hypercortisolism, which in turn acts as a co-factor in further degeneration) in the pathophysiology of mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease.
Identification of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease at highest risk for end-stage renal disease.
Authors: A M Johnson, P A Gabow
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

To identify those potential factors that, early in the course of disease, mark a population of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) who have worse renal survival, survival analysis and risk ratio calculation for 1215 ADPKD patients were performed. Survival times were calculated as time to dialysis, transplantation, or death. Risk ratios were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Three hundred eighty-eight patients entered end-stage renal disease and 205 patients died. ADPKD2 subjects had longer renal survival than ADPKD1 subjects (median survival, 68 versus 53 yr; P < 0.0005; risk ratio, 2.5). Women had significantly better renal survival than men (56 versus 52 yr; P < 0.0001; risk ratio, 1.6). Subjects who were diagnosed before age 30 and those who developed hypertension before age 35 had worse renal survival than those subjects who were diagnosed after age 30 or those who remained normotensive after age 35, respectively (age of diagnosis: 49 versus 59 yr; P < 0.0001; risk ratio, 3.2; hypertension: 51 versus 65 yr; P < 0.0001; risk ratio, 4.4). Similarly, those who had an episode of gross hematuria before age 30 had a worse renal outcome than those who did not (49 versus 59 yr; P < 0.0001; risk ratio, 2.6). We have also calculated risk ratios for a combined model. When therapeutic interventions become available for this disease, these populations with high risk ratios should be considered for such interventions.
Dosing Strategies of Bone-Targeting Agents
Authors: Chika Edward Uzoigwe
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Quality of Life and Performance in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients on Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy: A Prospective Examination
Authors: Marcy A. List, Amy Siston, Daniel Haraf, Phil Schumm, Merrill Kies, Kerstin Stenson, Everett E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate performance and quality of life (QOL) in advanced-stage head and neck cancer (HNC) patients on a curative-intent, concomitant-chemoradiotherapy (CT/XRT) (twice-daily radiation, fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and cisplatin) regimen aimed at improving locoregional control, survival, and QOL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients were assessed before, during, and at 3-month intervals after treatment. Standardized measures of QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Head and Neck), performance (Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer Patients and Karnofsky Performance Status Rating Scale), and patient-reported symptoms (McMaster University Head and Neck Radiotherapy Questionnaire) were administered. RESULTS: Acute treatment toxicities were severe, with declines in virtually all QOL and functional domains. Marked improvement was seen by 12 months; general functional and physical measures returned to baseline levels of good to excellent. Although up to a third of the patients continued to report problems with swallowing, hoarseness, and mouth pain, these difficulties were present in similar magnitudes before treatment. The following symptoms were more frequent at 12 months: dry mouth (58% v 17%), difficulties tasting (32% v 8%), and soft food diet (82% v 42%). Twelve-month diet was not related to pretreatment functioning, disease, treatment, or patient characteristics. Twelve-month QOL was best predicted by pretreatment QOL, with very little relationship to residual side effects or functional impairments. Small numbers of patients in four of the five disease sites precluded examination of outcome by site. CONCLUSION: These data support the feasibility of intense CT/XRT as primary treatment for advanced HNC. Results confirm acute toxicity but indicate that many of the treatment-related performance and QOL declines resolve by 12 months. The persistent inability to eat a full range of foods warrants further attention and monitoring.
Comparison of Chemotherapy With Chemohormonal Therapy as First-Line Therapy for Metastatic, Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study
Authors: G.W. Sledge, P. Hu, G. Falkson, D. Tormey, M. Abeloff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Although hormonal therapy represents standard therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive disease, many patients receive initial chemotherapy because of the location, bulk, or aggressiveness of their disease. It is uncertain whether simultaneous hormonal therapy provides additional benefit compared with chemotherapy alone. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial E3186 was initiated to explore this question. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1988 and December 1992, 231 patients with estrogen receptor (ER)–positive or ER-unknown metastatic breast cancer were randomized to receive either chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil [CAF]) or chemohormonal therapy (CAF plus tamoxifen and Halotestin [fluoxymesterone; Pharmacia-Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI] [CAFTH]) as front-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Patients who experienced a complete response to induction therapy either received or did not receive maintenance cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil, prednisone, and TH as a secondary randomization. RESULTS: The response rates (complete response and partial response) of patients who received CAF and CAFTH were similar (69.2% v 68.9%, respectively; P = .99). Time to treatment failure (TTF) was slightly longer for patients who received chemohormonal therapy compared with chemotherapy alone patients (13.4 months v 10.3 months, respectively; P = .087), and TTF was significantly longer in ER-positive compared with ER-negative patients (17.4 months v 10.3 months, respectively; P = .048). However, ER status had no effect on overall survival (30.0 months for CAF v 29.3 months for CAFTH). CONCLUSION: In patients with potentially hormone-sensitive metastatic breast cancer, chemohormonal therapy prolongs TTF for ER-positive patients without improving overall survival.