tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combined Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of Single Disseminated Cancer Cells from Bone Marrow of Prostate Cancer Patients Reveals Unexpected Transcriptomes
Authors: Miodrag Gužvić, Bernhard Braun, Roman Ganzer, Maximilian Burger, Michael Nerlich, Sebastian Winkler, Melanie Werner-Klein, Zbigniew T. Czyż, Bernhard Polzer, Christoph A. Klein
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Bone is the most frequent site of metastasis in prostate cancer and patients with bone metastases are deemed incurable. Targeting prostate cancer cells that disseminated to the bone marrow before surgery and before metastatic outgrowth may therefore prevent lethal metastasis. This prompted us to directly analyze the transcriptome of disseminated cancer cells (DCC) isolated from patients with nonmetastatic (UICC stage M0) prostate cancer. We screened 105 bone marrow samples of patients with M0-stage prostate cancer and 18 bone marrow samples of patients without malignancy for the presence of EpCAM(+) single cells. In total, we isolated 270 cells from both groups by micromanipulation and globally amplified their mRNA. We used targeted transcriptional profiling to unambiguously identify DCCs for subsequent in-depth analysis. Transcriptomes of all cells were examined for the expression of EPCAM, KRT8, KRT18, KRT19, KRT14, KRT6a, KRT5, KLK3 (PSA), MAGEA2, MAGEA4, PTPRC (CD45), CD33, CD34, CD19, GYPC, SCL4A1 (band 3), and HBA2. Using these transcripts, we found it impossible to reliably identify true DCCs. We then applied combined genome and transcriptome analysis of single cells and found that EpCAM(+) cells from controls expressed transcripts thought to be epithelial-specific, whereas true DCCs may express hematopoietic transcripts. These results point to an unexpected transcriptome plasticity of epithelial cancer cells in bone marrow and question common transcriptional criteria to identify DCCs.
Ocular Injuries Caused by Airgun Pellets: An Analysis of 105 Cases
Authors: D. I. Bowen, D. M. Magauran
Journal: BMJ (1973)

One hundred and five cases of airgun pellet injuries of the eye have been analysed. The average age was 14 and the male to female ratio 7·5:1. Forty-five patients had final visual acuities of 6/18 or less in the injured eye and 19 of these had the eye removed. The two main causes for poor vision were retinal damage and cataract. One patient became completely blind after sympathetic ophthalmitis arising 11 years after the injury. The pellet lodged in the orbit in 14 cases and three of these, together with one who had an intraethmoidal pellet, were investigated for abnormal lead levels in blood and urine. The results were normal. The circumstances of the injury were obtained in 12 cases and most involved careless handling of a gun. Instruction of children and parents in schools and on television, rather than stricter legislation, is suggested as a means of prevention.
Funduscopy: to dilate or not?: Precipitation of angle closure may not be a disservice
Authors: Kanchan J Bhan, Andrew Bastawrous, Keith G Davey
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Liew et al encourage clinicians to dilate pupils for thorough funduscopy.1 The rare occurrence of precipitated angle closure with tropicamide 0.5% may not necessarily be a disservice to the patient, for two reasons.Firstly, anyone whose angle may be provoked into closure by a mild mydriatic is at risk of spontaneous angle closure glaucoma.The fact that it has been precipitated in a healthcare setting, rather than occurring in the community, is of some benefit.The patient is likely to be within easy access of specialist care.We see patients who are at risk of angle closure but who, for example, have a propensity to travel (either during the day or for extended durations, as with the armed forces) or who cannot travel (because of being snow bound without ambulance access for several days).Secondly, such angle closure would occur shortly after dilating drops are wearing off.Thus the symptoms are likely to be attributed to the preceding use of mydriatic drops and the correct diagnosis should be made quickly and treatment given promptly.Conversely, in cases of spontaneous angle closure patients often do not take notice of, or report, early symptoms.Clinicians too, may misinterpret symptoms or signs, leading to delay in diagnosis and a potentially poorer outcome.The fear of precipitating angle closure glaucoma should therefore not affect the decision to dilate to perform accurate funduscopy.
Magnetic resonance 'sees' lesions of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to distinguish white matter from gray and to define demyelinative lesions led to predictions, only a little over a year ago in the<i>Annals of Neurology</i>(1983; 13:592-600), of a promising future for this technique in diagnosing multiple sclerosis as well as in evaluating disease progression and response to treatment. Now, at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, some of these predictions are becoming realities. "We got our foot in the door early," says Donald W. Paty, MD, head of the Division of Neurology at UBC, explaining the major commitment of his university and the Medical Research Council of Canada to MRI imaging (once called nuclear magnetic resonance or NMR) for multiple sclerosis research in particular. The need for extensive MRI research on multiple sclerosis is there. As Michael Brant-Zawadzki, MD (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1983;249:857-867), associate professor of radiology at the University
Effect of sulphur dioxide on the enzyme activity of the alveolar macrophage of rats
Authors: D. H. Barry, L. E. Mawdesley-Thomas
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Adult rats were exposed to sulphur dioxide to induce hypersecretion of mucus and so increase the amount of mucus reaching the alveoli. The comparative activity of four lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes was studied histochemically in free alveolar cells, thought to be macrophages, from the lungs of the exposed and control animals. Although the activity of β-glucuronidase, β-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase appeared increased in some free alveolar cells in the peribronchiolar region, a marked increase of acid phosphatase activity was seen in the free alveolar cells throughout the lung parenchyma. It is suggested that in rats acid phosphatase in alveolar macrophages is connected with the catabolism and removal of mucopolysaccharide and increases in response to the extra amount of mucus reaching the alveoli after respiratory irritation with sulphur dioxide.
Detection of Coronary Artery Stenoses With Thin-Slice Multi-Detector Row Spiral Computed Tomography and Multiplanar Reconstruction
Authors: Dieter Ropers, Ulrich Baum, Karsten Pohle, Katharina Anders, Stefan Ulzheimer, Bernd Ohnesorge, Christian Schlundt, Werner Bautz, Werner G. Daniel, Stephan Achenbach
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— We analyzed the accuracy of multi-detector row spiral computed tomography (MDCT) using a 16-slice CT scanner with improved spatial and temporal resolution, as well as routine premedication with β-blockers for detection of coronary stenoses. Methods and Results— Seventy-seven patients with suspected coronary disease were studied by MDCT (12×0.75-mm cross-sections, 420 ms rotation, 100 mL contrast agent IV at 5 mL/s). Patients with a heart rate above 60/min received 50 mg atenolol before the scan. In axial MDCT images and multiplanar reconstructions, all coronary arteries and side branches with a diameter of 1.5 mm or more were assessed for the presence of stenoses exceeding 50% diameter reduction. In comparison to invasive coronary angiography, MDCT correctly classified 35 of 41 patients (85%) as having at least 1 coronary stenosis and correctly detected 57 of 78 coronary lesions (73%). After excluding 38 of 308 coronary arteries (left main, left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary artery in 77 patients) classified as unevaluable by MDCT (12%), 57 of 62 lesions were detected, and absence of stenosis was correctly identified in 194 of 208 arteries (sensitivity: 92%; specificity: 93%; accuracy: 93%; positive and negative predictive values: 79% and 97%). Conclusions— MDCT coronary angiography with improved spatial resolution and premedication with oral β-blockade permits detection of coronary artery stenoses with high accuracy and a low rate of unevaluable arteries.
MEDICINE AND LAW.
Authors: DUNCAN EVE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

From my earliest recollection the science of medicine was to me a charm and a fascination, as presenting instrumentalities, agencies and opportunities of greatest good to the human family. Hence I should be singularly inappreciative, if I did not esteem the honor of presiding over the deliberations of this august body, assembled from the various states composed of and bordering the great Mississippi Valley, to advance our noble calling and thereby promote the happiness of our fellow man, as one of the most grateful of my life. Thus influenced, it is but natural that I should now wish to suggest something that, perchance, might be useful and pleasingly remembered. The sciences of medicine and law are confluent and blend in the splendid duality of medical jurisprudence, and it is to be regretted that so few members of the two professions give this subject the attention which its importance demands. A
Fructose metabolism and cell survival in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes incubated under hypoxic conditions: Proposals for potential clinical use
Authors: Véronique Lefebvre, Isabelle Goffin, Pedro Buc-Calderon
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The protective effect of fructose with regard to hypoxia-induced cell injury was investigated. The addition of fructose (2 to 20 mmol/L) protected hepatocytes against hypoxia-mediated cell lysis in a concentration-dependent way. The intracellular ATP content was initially decreased as a result of fructose-1-phosphate formation, but it remained constant during the hypoxic incubation. Conversely, high initial ATP values observed at low fructose concentrations progressively declined. Cellular protection was observed only when fructose was added before (and not after) the start of hypoxia. In addition, a sufficient amount of fructose-1-phosphate rapidly accumulated before the induction of hypoxia, and the linear production of lactate, during hypoxic incubation, indicated that cells synthesized ATP continuously. The lack of cell protection by fructose added after the onset of the hypoxia may be explained by a lesser fructose-1-phosphate formation and a subsequently low accumulation leading to insufficient glycolytic ATP production. Under aerobic conditions, both glycolysis (lactate formation) and gluconeogenesis (glucose formation) were carried out in fructose-1-phosphate-loaded cells with the same initial rates, whereas under hypoxic conditions glycolysis was the main metabolic event. The fact that protein synthesis activity recovered faster during reoxygenation of previously hypoxic fructose-treated cells than in glucose-treated cells led us to hypothesize that in situ perfusion of liver with fructose, before its removal, would improve its metabolic capacity during the hypoxic cold preservation and subsequent transplantation. (Hepatology 1994;20:1567-1576).
Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Cat-Scratch Disease
Authors: Robert T. S. Jim
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THROMBOCYTOPENIA complicating catscratch disease is rare. Large series of catscratch disease do not report this complication; in fact, there have been only 2 case reports of the association of thrombocytopenia and cat-scratch disease.<sup>1,2</sup>Because of its rarity, the report of another patient with thrombocytopenia and cat-scratch disease is presented. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 11-year-old Caucasian boy was admitted to St. Francis Hospital on March 21, 1960, because of a painful, swollen, tender lymph node in the left axilla; headache; and malaise, of 2 weeks' duration. Three days prior to admission epistaxis and ecchymoses appeared over the chest and extremities. On admission his temperature was 98.6° F. (37° C.) and pulse 80 and respirations 16 per minute; blood pressure was 110/70 mm. Hg. The significant physical findings were petechiae in the buccal oral mucosa; 2- to 4-cm. ecchymoses over the chest and extremities; and a slightly tender, 3-cm. moveable
Letter by Grover et al Regarding Article, “Percutaneous Implantation of the CoreValve Self-Expanding Valve Prosthesis in High-Risk Patients With Aortic Valve Disease: The Siegburg First-in-Man Study”
Authors: Frederick L. Grover, John E. Mayer, Nicholas Kouchoukos, Robert Guyton, Fred Edwards, Joseph Bavaria
Journal: Circulation (2007)
What is Normal?
Authors: Rowlin L. Lichter
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Holt may be criticized for his statements on the uselessness of cervical discography. However, when his results are considered statistically, this opinion is almost an understatement. Note that only 10 out of 148 disk spaces were considered normal. If two or three interspaces are injected in each individual, the chances of finding a completely normal neck become quite remote. Considering extravasations that are asymmetric in the lateral directions only—64 interspaces—there is a statistical probability of abnormality of more than 50% if three interspaces are injected. Any procedure which has so many false positives (even with the results as restricted as this) can hardly be considered a valuable diagnostic procedure.
Scientists want G8 countries to quadruple funding for dementia research within 10 years
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A special G8 summit on dementia next week will discuss the rising impact of dementia on the world’s population and economy, in an effort to generate an international response to increase research into the disease.

Economically dementia cost the world $604bn (£370bn; €440bn) in 2010, experts said at a pre-summit briefing. To put that figure in perspective, if dementia were a country, it would be the 18th largest economy in the world. The experts want to see a big increase in funding, with investment in research increasing fourfold over 10 years.

The scientists and doctors gave the pre-summit briefing, organised by the Science Media Centre, at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London this week.

Scientists told the press that more investment was needed because the burden of dementia was growing. New figures from Alzheimer Disease International show that …
Releasable Encircling Band for Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Xi Ling Yu, Xiao Ling Liang, Xiao Yan Ding, Jie Hu, Jia Qing Li, Xiao Bo Zhu, Xin Hua Huang, Jay M. Stewart, Yong Hao Li, Jost B. Jonas, Lin Lu
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Toxicity of mycotoxins for the rat pulmonary macrophage in vitro.
Authors: W G Sorenson, G F Gerberick, D M Lewis, V Castranova
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The presence of mycotoxins in grains is well documented. Workers in grain handling occupations are commonly exposed to grain dust aerosols. Work in our laboratory has shown that T-2 toxin is highly toxic to rat alveolar macrophages in vitro, causing loss of viability, release of radiolabeled chromium, inhibition of macromolecular synthesis, inhibition of phagocytosis, and inhibition of macrophage activation. Similarly, patulin caused a significant release of radiolabeled chromium, decrease in ATP levels, significant inhibition of protein and RNA synthesis, and inhibition of phagocytosis. The data show that both T-2 toxin and patulin are highly toxic to rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. The data further suggest that the presence of these mycotoxins in airborne respirable dust might present a hazard to exposed workers.
Usefulness of PET/CT for Detecting a Second Primary Cancer After Treatment for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Bayarkhuu Bold, Yongnan Piao, Yuji Murata, Mitsuhiro Kishino, Hitoshi Shibuya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck have been reported to have a high rate of second primary cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. This study was performed to determine whether positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is useful for detecting a second primary cancer after treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.The PET/CT findings in 279 consecutive patients (211 men, 68 women; mean age 62 years) who had been treated for squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck were examined and compared with the findings obtained by other imaging modalities, the biopsy results, and the clinical data.Thirty second primary cancers were documented in 28 of the 279 subjects. Based on PET/CT findings, the overall risk of a second primary cancer in 1 year was 9.9% and the risk in the upper aerodigestive tract region was 6.8% (19/279).PET/CT enabled early detection of a second cancer in patients treated for head and neck cancer.
Psychiatric observations on patients receiving dialysis treatment.
Authors: I. C. Menzies, W. K. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Goodey and Kelley (1967), describing the social and economic effects of regular dialysis treatment, show that, though life is prolonged, rehabilitation is disappointing.There are no British reports on psychological factors in regular dialysis treatment, but several American reports have suggested that they can significantly affect successful rehabilitation. Aims and MethodThis paper records psychological aspects of seven patients on regular dialysis treatment in a renal unit over a nine-month period.Admission was determined jointly by the dialysis team, using as criteria mainly the absence of associated nonrenal disease, together with their assessment of patient and family stability.Quinton-Scribner-type arteriovenous shunts were used routinely, and dialysis was carried out by means of the Kolff-Travenol dialyser with Chron-a-coils.Restrictions in diet and fluid intake were mandatory except during dialysis.Patients normally received two 12-hour periods of dialysis each week.Initially these were day sessions, but night dialysis became possible in the fifth month of the survey.All but one patient was seen shortly after he or she had agreed to accept haemodialysis.Psychiatric assessment was made by one observer (I.C. M.); this often required several interviews because of the effect of serious physical illness.Where possible the relatives were also seen.
Cicatricial pemphigoid with circulating autoantibodies to beta4 integrin, bullous pemphigoid 180 and bullous pemphigoid 230
Authors: M. Leverkus, K. Bhol, Y. Hirako, H. Pas, C. Sitaru, G. Baier, E-B. Brocker, M.F. Jonkman, A.R. Ahmed, D. Zillikens
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Cicatricial pemphigoid is a heterogeneous group of autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases associated most commonly with autoantibodies to bullous pemphigoid (BP)180 and less frequently with those to laminin 5 or type VII collagen. In addition, a few cases have been described with autoantibodies to the beta4 subunit of alpha6beta4 integrin. We describe a patient with extensive disease of ocular, oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal and genital mucous membranes that healed with scarring of conjunctivae. IgG autoantibodies bound to the dermal-epidermal junction on direct immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy and to the epidermal side of 1 mol L(-1) NaCl-split skin on indirect IF microscopy. Our patient's circulating IgG recognized a 205-kDa protein in extracts of 293T cells transfected with the beta4 subunit of alpha6beta4 integrin and in the cell extract of DJM-1 cells. Our patient's IgG and IgA autoantibodies also reacted with full-length BP180 derived from epidermal extracts and the ectodomain of BP180 (LAD-1) derived from culture supernatant of keratinocytes. In addition, a weak IgG reaction with BP230 was noted. The disease rapidly responded to dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy, and immunoblot reactivity to both beta4 integrin and BP180 decreased according to disease activity.
Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of experimental pancreatic tumor in vivo by block copolymer-coated magnetite nanoparticles with TGF-β inhibitor
Authors: Michiaki Kumagai, Mitsunobu R. Kano, Yasuyuki Morishita, Motomi Ota, Yutaka Imai, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Masaki Sekino, Shoogo Ueno, Kohei Miyazono, Kazunori Kataoka
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Running and the Development of Disability with Age
Authors: Donald Venes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 March 1995Running and the Development of Disability with AgeDonald VenesDonald VenesSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-6-199503150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The risks and benefits of regular vigorous exercise are revisited in the observational report by Fries and colleagues [1]. In their ongoing comparison between the members of a self-selected running club and a Stanford University lipid study group, the authors report that runners have less disability and lower mortality as they age than do staff and faculty members who do not run. However, there is a hitch.The data presented clearly show that the university control group increased its total burden of vigorous exertion from 77.3 minutes per week in 1984 to 124.1 minutes per week 8 ...References1. Fries JF, Singh G, Morfeld D, Hubert HB, Lane NE, Brown BW Jr. Running and the development of disability with age. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:502-9. Google Scholar2. Curfman GD. The health benefits of exercise: a critical reappraisal. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328:574-5. Google Scholar3. Koplan JP, Powell KE, Sikes RK, Shirley RW, Campbell CC. An epidemiologic study of the benefits and risks of running. JAMA. 1982; 248:3118-21. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRunners’ Perspectives on ‘Smart’ Wearable Technology and Its Use for Preventing InjuryOsteoarthritis is what the people have 15 March 1995Volume 122, Issue 6Page: 475KeywordsAgingDisabilitiesExerciseLipidsMortalityRisk managementRunningStrenuous exercise Issue Published: 15 March 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinical Endocrinology for Surgeons
Authors: Sanford A. Franzblau
Journal: JAMA (1964)

It is rare that an internist and a surgeon get together in compiling a book, particularly in so complicated an area as endocrinology. In this instance the outcome reflects careful deliberation with a constant eye on the goal of practical usefulness. Add to this the intimate experience of many years of shared work in a university hospital center (Belfast) and the outcome is a clinically oriented approach that makes the practicing physician feel at home. Surgical technique is described only in broad terms, and these descriptions are interspersed with considerations of surgical judgment and adjunctive medical management. Thus the internist or student gathers useful background material even while reading the small sections devoted to surgery. For the finer points of technique the authors have provided good bibliographic material. It is an excellent book.