tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood Psychosocial Adversity and Adult Neighborhood Disadvantage as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Jaana I. Halonen, Sari Stenholm, Jaana Pentti, Ichiro Kawachi, S.V. Subramanian, Mika Kivimäki, Jussi Vahtera
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Childhood adverse psychosocial factors (eg, parental divorce, long-term financial difficulties) and adult neighborhood disadvantage have both been linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, their combined effects on disease risk are not known. Participants were 37 699 adults from the Finnish Public Sector study whose data were linked to a national neighborhood disadvantage grid with the use of residential addresses between the years 2000 and 2008 and who responded to a survey on childhood psychosocial adversities and adult CVD risk behaviors in 2008 to 2009. Survey data were also linked to national registers on hospitalization, mortality, and prescriptions to assess CVD risk factors in 2008 to 2009 and to ascertain incident CVD (coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease) between the survey and the end of December 2011 (mean follow-up, 2.94 years; SD=0.44 years). Combined exposure to high childhood adversity and high adult disadvantage was associated with CVD risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, heavy alcohol use, and physical inactivity) and with a 2.25-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.39-3.63) hazard of incident CVD compared with a low childhood adversity and low adult disadvantage. This hazard ratio was attenuated by 16.6% but remained statistically significant after adjustment for the CVD risk factors (1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-3.16). Exposure to high childhood adversity or high adult neighborhood disadvantage alone was not significantly associated with CVD in fully adjusted models. These findings suggest that individuals with both childhood psychosocial adversity and adult neighborhood disadvantage are at an increased risk of CVD. In contrast, those with only 1 of these exposures have little or no excess risk after controlling for conventional risk factors.
Supplementary cholecalciferol in recovery from pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Nisar Rao, Zahra Hasan, Farheen Ali, Faisal Mahmood
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:   Vitamin D is important for immune homeostasis.  In vitro  work suggests that 1-alpha-25-(OH)  2  D modulates host cell responsiveness to the T cell cytokine, interferon gamma (IFNγ). IFNγ is one of the key mediators of protective immunity against  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  infection therefore; vitamin D may enhance the host immune responses against the pathogen. The objectives of this study were to determine whether supplementation of vitamin D in patients with Tuberculosis could impact recovery.   Methods:   266 patients were randomized to receive either 600,000 IU of Intramuscular vitamin D3 or placebo for 2 doses. Clinical assessments were done at 4, 8 and 12 weeks from baseline. Blood samples were obtained at 0 and 12 weeks. Statistical comparisons between outcome variables at 0 and 12 weeks were performed.   Main Results:    259 patients completed the study. At the end of 12 weeks, the vitamin D arm demonstrated significantly greater mean weight gain; + 4.02 (95%CI 3.18,4.86) v/s + 2.61 (95% CI +1.99,2.23),  p  0.007 and increases in BMI; + 1.48 (95% CI 1.17, 1.78) v/s + 0.96 (95% CI 0.72,1.20),  p  0.008 as compared with the placebo arm. There was a significant difference in chest radiographic improvement in the vitamin D group; number of zones involved -2.21 (95% CI -1.91, -2.51) v/s -1.77 (95% CI -1.51, -2.03),  p  0.031 and resolution of cavitation 73(65.7%) v/s 60 (55%),  p  0.05.  No differences were seen in TB score or sputum smear conversion. At follow up there was a significant increase in mean Vitamin D levels of the treatment arm; 62.88 v/s -7.30 for the placebo arm,  p     Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation significantly impacted clinical improvement in patients with pulmonary TB.
Immunosuppression by Antilymphocyte Serum and Its Effect on Tumors Induced by 3-Methylcholanthrene in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J. L. Wagner, G. Haughton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Heterologous antilymphocyte serum (ALS) was prepared in rabbits and a pony. The ALS was titrated in vivo in terms of its ability to suppress the rejection of allografted tumors. From this titration, a dosage schedule was devised, adequate to suppress allograft rejection for longer than 84 days. A standard dose of 3-methylcholanthrene injected intramuscularly induced the same frequency of tumors after an identical latency in mice, whether or not they had been treated with an immunosuppressive regimen of ALS.
HGF expressing stem cells in the human fibrotic lung originate from the bone marrow
Authors: Njomeza Susuri, Amiq Gazdhar, Mathias Gugger, Thomas Geiser
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive disease of unknown etiology. Abnormal alveolar epithelial wound repair after injury may result in pulmonary fibrosis. We hypothesize that stem cells have a healing capacity by migrating to the site of injury and secreting hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) which supports alveolar epithelial repair, therefore contributing in reduction of fibrosis.   Methods:  Immunohistochemistry using paraffin lung sections from patients with two histological lung fibrosis pattern, usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (both n=5) was performed with several stem cell markers.   Results:  Specific cells in the lung parenchyma were stained positive for HGF in UIP and NSIP. They were mainly located in the fibrotic areas. These HGF-positive cells did not co-stain for markers of alveolar epithelial cell (Surfactant protein C) or fibroblasts (vimentin). However, HGF-positive cells showed strong co-staining for the mesenchymal stem cell markers CD44, CD29, CD105, and CD90, indicating that HGF positive cells in the lung are of stem cell origin. The HGF-positive cells were also positive for CXCR4, suggesting that the HGF-positive cells in UIP and NSIP are recruited from the bone marrow.   Conclusion:  HGF-positive stem cells with the origin of the bone marrow (CXCR4 positive) can be detected in both UIP and NSIP, indicating a crucial role in the development or resolution of pulmonary fibrosis. These data indicate a possible role for stem cell therapy of patient with fibrotic lung disease in the future.
Bismuth, lansoprazole, amoxicillin and metronidazole or clarithromycin as first-line<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>therapy
Authors: Wei Zhang, Qi Chen, Xiao Liang, Wenzhong Liu, Shudong Xiao, David Y Graham, Hong Lu
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of replacing tetracycline with amoxicillin in bismuth quadruple therapy. <h3>Design</h3> Subjects who were infected with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and naïve to treatment were randomly (1:1) assigned to receive a 14-day modified bismuth quadruple therapy: lansoprazole 30 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg (elemental bismuth), twice a day with metronidazole 400 mg four times a day (metronidazole group) or clarithromycin 500 mg twice a day (clarithromycin group). Six weeks after treatment, <i>H. pylori</i> eradication was assessed by <sup>13</sup>C-urea breath test. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the twofold agar dilution method. This was a non-inferiority trial. <h3>Results</h3> Two hundred and fifteen subjects were randomised. Metronidazole and clarithromycin containing regimens achieved high cure rates: 94 of 97 (96.9%, 95% CI 93.5% to 100%) and 93 of 98 (94.9%, 95% CI 90.5% to 99.3%) by per-protocol and 88.9% (95% CI 83.0% to 94.8%) and 88.8% (95% CI 82.8% to 94.8%) by intention-to-treat, respectively. Amoxicillin, metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance rates were 1.5%, 45.5% and 26.5%, respectively. Only clarithromycin resistance reduced treatment success (eg, susceptible 98.6%, resistant 76.9%, p=0.001). Adverse events were more common in the metronidazole group. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results suggest that amoxicillin can substitute for tetracycline in modified 14 day bismuth quadruple therapy as first-line treatment and still overcome metronidazole resistance in areas with high prevalence of metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance. Using clarithromycin instead of metronidazole was only effective in the presence of susceptible strains. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT02175901.
Emotion Psychology Can Contribute to Psychiatric Work on Affect Disorders: A Review
Authors: K R Scherer
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1989)

While psychiatry and psychology can be considered sister disciplines, the all too frequent family feuds have prevented an extensive exchange of theoretical and methodological approaches. This lack of close contact has been to the detriment ofboth disciplines. Psychiatry, particularly work on the aetiology of mental disease, may profit from psychological theorizing and experimentation on normal functioning. Psychology, on the other hand, can gain important insights from the study of disturbed processes and the availability of natural experiments and controlled intervention programmes. In particular, theoretical, experimental and clinical work on the antecedents, manifestation, and control of emotional states, including their pathological forms, would benefit from closer collaboration between psychiatrists and psychologists
IL1 Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Growth by Abrogating NF-κB Activation
Authors: Zhuonan Zhuang, Huai-Qiang Ju, Mitzi Aguilar, Takashi Gocho, Hao Li, Tomonori Iida, Harold Lee, Xiaoqiang Fan, Haijun Zhou, Jianhua Ling, Zhongkui Li, Jie Fu, Min Wu, Min Li, Davide Melisi, Yoichiro Iwakura, Kesen Xu, Jason B. Fleming, Paul J. Chiao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Constitutive NF-κB activation is identified in about 70% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases and is required for oncogenic KRAS-induced PDAC development in mouse models. We sought to determine whether targeting IL-1α pathway would inhibit NF-κB activity and thus suppress PDAC cell growth. Experimental Design: We determined whether anakinra, a human IL-1 receptor (rhIL-1R) antagonist, inhibited NF-κB activation. Assays for cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were performed with rhIL-1R antagonist using the human PDAC cell lines AsPc1, Colo357, MiaPaCa-2, and HPNE/K-rasG12V/p16sh. In vivo NF-κB activation–dependent tumorigenesis was assayed using an orthotopic nude mouse model (n = 20, 5 per group) treated with a combination of gemcitabine and rhIL-1RA. Results: rhIL-1R antagonist treatment led to a significant decrease in NF-κB activity. PDAC cells treated with rhIL-1R antagonist plus gemcitabine reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion as compared with single gemcitabine treatment. In nude mice, rhIL-1R antagonist plus gemcitabine significantly reduced the tumor burden (gemcitabine plus rhIL-1RA vs. control, P = 0.014). Conclusions: We found that anakinra, an FDA-approved drug that inhibits IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), when given with or without gemcitabine, can reduce tumor growth by inhibiting IL1α-induced NF-κB activity; this result suggests that it is a useful therapeutic approach for PDAC. Clin Cancer Res; 22(6); 1432–44. ©2015 AACR.
Modulation of Carcinogen-Induced Transformation by Actinomycin D in the C3H/10T½ Cell Line2
Authors: J. S. Bertram, P. R. Libby, R. L. Merrima
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Actinomycin D (act D) has been reported to inhibit carcinogenesis in vivo and to inhibit the repair of X-ray damage in mammalian cells. We utilized the C3H/10T½ cell line, in which carcinogen-induced transformation can readily be quantitated, to investigate the effects of act D on cytotoxicity and transformation induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). A nontoxic concentration of 5 ng act D/ml for 24 houri in conjunction with 0.5 μg DMBA/ml, which alone produced a 25% decrease in the plating efficiency in comparison with controls and gave a transformation frequency (TF) of 0.3%, caused a small increase in cytotoxicity and large changes in the TF according to the schedule of act D treatment. When cells were treated with act D prior to DMBA, the TF was enhanced by 270%; however when act D treatment followed DMBA, the TF was depressed. DMBA-induced transformation was inhibited by a maximum of 70% when act D was added 8 hours post administration of DMBA; further delay in treatment led to a progressive rise in TF to DMBA control levels. act D also suppressed transformation induced by MCA in a similar manner, except that the time course was shifted 24 hours to the right and 50 ng act D was required to cause enhancement of transformation. The effects of act D could not be attributed to changes in metabolic activation. act D (5 ng/ml) perturbed cell cycle progression as measured by autoradiography. Under conditions causing enhancement of DMBA transformation, act D induced DNA synthesis during carcinogen exposure, whereas under conditions causing inhibition, act D prevented DNA synthesis immediately after carcinogen exposure. These effects on cell cycle progression could explain the biphasic action of act D on DMBA-induced transformation. Because 5 ng act D/ml stimulated overall incorporation of labeled uridine into RNA, the mechanism of action of act D on cell cycle progression was unclear.
Letter from doctors urging Wellcome Trust to divest from fossil fuels nears 1000 signatories
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Nearly 1000 health professionals have signed an open letter calling for one of the world’s wealthiest health charities, the Wellcome Trust, to end its investment in fossil fuel companies because their businesses threaten “human and planetary health.”

The letter, which was coordinated by the health campaigning organisations MedAct and the Climate and Health Council, was launched in June with backing from 50 senior doctors and academics.1 It argues that not divesting legitimises an industry that has made no pledges to act on climate change.

The letter says, “Divestment rests on the premise that it is wrong to profit from an industry whose core business threatens human and planetary health, bringing to mind one of the …
Use of Truquant BR radioimmunoassay for early detection of breast cancer recurrence in patients with stage II and stage III disease.
Authors: D W Chan, R A Beveridge, H Muss, H A Fritsche, G Hortobagyi, R Theriault, D Kiang, B J Kennedy, M Evelegh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE The Truquant BR radioimmunoassay (RIA) (Biomira Diagnostics Inc, Rexdale, Canada) uses the monoclonal antibody B27.29 to quantitate the MUC-1 gene product (CA 27.29 antigen) in serum. We evaluated CA 27.29 antigen in a controlled, prospective clinical trial for its ability to predict relapse in stage II and stage III breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Over a 2-year period, 166 patients who had completed therapy for stage II (80.1%) or III (19.9%) breast cancer and were clinically free of disease were serially tested for CA 27.29 antigen levels. The study was double-masked and cancer recurrence was documented based on clinical findings. Patients with two consecutive CA 27.29 antigen test results above the upper limit of normal were considered positive. RESULTS The Truquant BR RIA had a sensitivity of 57.7%, specificity of 97.9%, positive predictive value of 83.3%, and negative predictive value of 92.6%. The recurrence rate was 15.7%. A Cox regression analysis showed that the only variable to correlate with recurrent disease was the CA 27.29 antigen test result. Patients with a positive test result had increased odds of having a recurrence (odds ratio, 6.8; P &lt; .00001). The test was effective in predicting recurrence in patients with both distant and locoregional disease. In a subgroup of patients with bone pain, CA 27.29 antigen level was found to identify reliably patients who would subsequently develop recurrent disease. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that the Truquant BR RIA can be used as an aid to predict recurrent breast cancer in patients with stage II and III disease.
Safer intercostal drain (ICD) insertions
Authors: Phong Teck Lee, Thomas Hartung
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Intercostal chest drain (ICD) insertion carries a small but significant risk to patients when not performed properly. We re-audited the practice of ICD insertion in our hospital following several implementations since a previous audit in 2007-08. These implementations include drain insertion in specialised areas i.e. respiratory unit treatment room, strict sterility, ultrasound guidance, insertion sticker check list and nursing care plan.   Results:  There were a total of 31 patients (15 males) in the bi-monthly audit from March 909 to January 910. Majority of the ICD insertions (87%) were performed in the respiratory unit and ultrasound guidance was documented in only 41.9%. ICD stickers were used in 83.9% and nursing care plan in 77.4%. Excluding the adverse event “pain”, complications rates in our hospital decreased from 39% to 12.9% in 2009-10 (Table 1). This is comparable with the complication rates of other centres (11-37%) [1]. Adverse events were significantly higher when drains were inserted outside a respiratory unit (p=0.007). Surprisingly, we found no statistical differences between complication rates and the use of ultrasound guidance; sticker check list; or nursing care plan.   Conclusion:  ICD insertion is advised to be performed in a specialised unit by staff with relevant competencies under adequate supervision.   References:   1Horsley A, Jones L, White J et al. Efficacy and Complications of Small-Bore, Wire-Guided Chest Drains. Chest. 2006;130:1857-1863.
Calcium Metabolism in Bone Disease: Effects of Treatment with Microcrystalline Calcium Hydroxy Apatite Compound and Dihydrotachysterol<sup>1</sup>
Authors: C E Dent, I J T Davies
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1980)

Microcrystalline calcium hydroxyapatite compound (MCHC) was given orally together with small doses of dihydrotachysterol (DHT) to a number of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Serial calcium and phosphate balances in three patients representing wide variations in severity of OI are presented over periods from eight months to two years. The combination of MCHC and DHT resulted in an immediate positive calcium balance which was maintained throughout the period of assessment in 2 cases. However, no radiological improvement could be demonstrated. Substituting calcium gluconate for MCHC resulted in a reduction of positive balance. No adverse effects were noted. The reasons why MCHC with DHT should result in increased calcium retention are discussed. This combination of MCHC and DHT could be of benefit in many common situations of bone demineralization, such as osteoporosis.
The Role of Radiation Treatment in the Contemporary Management of Bone Tumors
Authors: Borislav Hristov, Ori Shokek, Deborah A. Frassica
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2007)

Radiotherapy is integral in the multidisciplinary approach to patients with musculoskeletal neoplasms. Multiple studies have established a role for radiotherapy as a definitive local treatment of unresectable lesions or when surgery might yield unacceptable functional outcomes, such as in Ewing's tumor or base of skull chondrosarcoma. Radiotherapy is also used as an adjuvant treatment after surgery with close or positive margins. In the metastatic setting, external beam radiotherapy and bone-seeking intravenous radioisotopes are used on a case-by-case basis for palliation. As radiotherapy and its delivery techniques have evolved, so has its role in treating tumors such as Ewing's sarcoma, chordoma and chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, primary lymphoma of bone, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone, and vascular tumors. Radiation can also be successfully used to treat unresectable or recurrent benign tumors, such as giant cell tumor and aneurysmal bone cyst. This article reviews the indications for radiotherapy for various bone tumors and summarizes some of the important data supporting its use.
Spontaneous Rupture of Phaeochromocytoma Mimicking Leaking Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: H M Sue-Ling, M E Foster, M H Wheeler, M J McMahon
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1989)

Phaeochromocytomas are vascular tumours, and small areas of haemorrhage are commonly found in tumours which have been removed electively 1 . We report two cases of spontaneous haemorrhagic rupture of phaeochromocytoma presenting as abdominal emergencies.
Isolation rate, T-serotyping and susceptibility to antibiotics of Group A Streptococcus from pediatric infections in Athens* *This work was presented in part at the 7th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Vienna, Austria) March 26–30, 1995 (Abstract 1349).
Authors: M. Kanellopoulou, A. Makri, H. Damaskopoulou, H. Malamou-Lada
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2000)
Cancer Treatment: A Near Infrared Light Triggered Hydrogenated Black TiO<sub>2</sub> for Cancer Photothermal Therapy (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 10/2015)
Authors: Wenzhi Ren, Yong Yan, Leyong Zeng, Zhenzhi Shi, An Gong, Peter Schaaf, Dong Wang, Jinshun Zhao, Baobo Zou, Hongsheng Yu, Ge Chen, Eric Michael Bratsolias Brown, Aiguo Wu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

PEG-coated hydrogenated black TiO2 nanoparticles are first reported as a novel agent for cancer photothermal therapy by D. Wang, A. Wu, and colleagues on page 1526. The findings demonstrate that near infrared laser-triggered nanoparticles exhibit high efficiency of cancer photothermal ablation, low toxicity to normal tissue, and are promising for further biomedical applications.
In vitro comparison of aerosol characteristics of HFA albuterol (salbutamol) pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) formulation from three valved holding chambers (VHCs)
Authors: Dirk von Hollen, Lois Slator, Kurt Nikander, Ross Hatley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Inhaled bronchodilators and anticholinergics are the mainstay in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study compared the in vitro aerosol characteristics from an HFA ipratropium bromide pMDI (Atrovent, 20 μg ipratropium bromide, Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd) with two anti-static VHCs, a preproduction OptiChamber Diamond (Diamond; Philips Respironics) and an AeroChamber Plus Z-Stat (Z-Stat; Monaghan Medical Corp.) VHC, a conventional AeroChamber Plus (AC+, Monaghan Medical Corp.) VHC, and the pMDI alone.  Six pMDIs were primed before use and six of each VHC were washed and air dried. For each run (n) the pMDI was actuated into the VHC or next generation impactor (NGI) (for pMDI alone - tested before and after VHC tests), followed by 20 s extraction at 30 L/min, repeated 10 times. Drug deposits from the NGI were analyzed using HPLC. The Emitted Dose (ED; drug entering the NGI), Fine Particle Dose (FPD; amount of drug ≤ 4.7 μm), Fine Particle Fraction (FPF;% of ED in particles ≤ 4.7 μm), and Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) were determined using Copley Inhalation Testing Data Analysis Software (CITDAS).  The aerosol characteristics were similar between the VHCs and removed significant potential throat deposition compared to the pMDI alone.
Co-occurrence of Pneumoperitoneum and Pneumothorax in a Patient with Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis
Authors: Hideki Kusagaya, Tomoyuki Fujisawa, Noriyuki Enomoto, Naoki Inui, Yutaro Nakamura, Takafumi Suda
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)