tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A study of candidate genes for psoriasis near HLA-C in Chinese patients with psoriasis
Authors: Y.T. Chang, S.F. Tsai, D.D. Lee, Y.M. Shiao, C.Y. Huang, H.N. Liu, W.J. Wang, C.K. Wong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Genetic analyses have identified the HLA-Cw6 allele as the major risk allele for psoriasis in many racial groups. However, by serological typing, HLA-Cw6 is not considered a risk factor in Chinese psoriatics. There are several susceptibility genes for psoriasis residing in chromosome 6p near the HLA-C locus, including the corneodesmosin (CDSN) gene, the octamer transcription factor-3 (POU5F1) gene, the major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A (MICA), and the gene for tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. However, the information about their role in psoriasis in Chinese patients is limited.We aimed to determine whether Cw6 and the genetic polymorphism of the CDSN gene, POU5F1 gene, MICA gene and the gene for TNF-alpha promoter region were associated with an increased risk of psoriasis in Chinese patients.We conducted a case-control association study in 105 Chinese patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 160 control subjects of similar ages. Genotypes of Cw6, the CDSN gene, the POU5F1 gene, and the gene for the TNF-alpha promoter region were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction enzyme digestion. Genotyping of MICA was determined by PCR combined with fluorescent-based automated fragment detection technology. Results The allele frequencies showed no differences between patients and controls for the POU5F1 gene, MICA gene and the gene for TNF-alpha promoter region. The frequency of the HLA-Cw6 allele in the psoriasis group was significantly higher than that in the control group (18.6% vs. 6.56%, P < 0.00005). For the CDSN gene, patients were more likely to have C allele at position +619 (P = 0.006) and C allele at position +1243 (P = 0.007), but the significance disappeared after correction for multiple testing (Pc > 0.05).HLA-Cw6 remains the most significant susceptibility gene in Chinese patients with psoriasis. However, the role of the CDSN gene in the pathogenesis of psoriasis deserves further scrutiny.
5 MRP2 is upregulated by UDCA in cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: F. Azzaroli, V. Feletti, C. Mazzeo, P. Simoni, S. Giovanelli, G. Nigro, A. Miracolo, F. Lodato, A. Roda, E. Roda, G. Mazzela
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
PLAQUE SEALING WITH PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF MODERATE NON-SIGNIFICANT SAPHENOUS VEIN GRAFT LESIONS. THREE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF THE VELETI (MODERATE VEIN GRAFT LESION STENTING WITH THE TAXUS STENT AND INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND) TRIAL
Authors: Josep Rodés-Cabau, Olivier F. Bertrand, Eric Larose, Jean-Pierre Déry, Stéphane Rinfret, Rodrigo Bagur, Guy Proulx, Can M. Nguyen, Mélanie Côté, Marie-Claude Landcop, Jean-Rock Boudreault, Jacques Rouleau, Louis Roy, Onil Gleeton, Gérald Barbeau, Bernard Noël, Javier Courtis, Gilles R. Dagenais, Jean-Pierre Després, Robert DeLarochellière
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Peter Davison Knights
Authors: B S Cole
Journal: BMJ (2004)

General practitioner Norwich (b China 1940; q Middlesex Hospital 1964; DRCOG), died from a cerebral glioma on 10 November 2003.

Peter's parents ran a leper hospital in China during invasion and civil war and were evacuated with 5 year old Peter on the last plane out. He rarely spoke of what he saw at that time, but it undoubtedly informed his approach to medicine and to life. After retirement and voluntary service in Cameroon, he did as much locum work as he could find time for. His chief love outside medicine was sailing, at which he competed nationally. He leaves a wife, Sue; three children; and two grandchildren.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF EXPERIMENTAL NEPHRITIS WITH FERRITIN-CONJUGATED ANTIBODY
Authors: Giuseppe A. Andres, Beatrice C. Seegal, Konrad C. Hsu, Mildred S. Rothenberg, Madeleine L. Chapeau
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Acute, subacute, and chronic glomerulonephritis, similar in certain features to human glomerulonephritis, has been produced in rabbits by repeated injections of bovine serum albumin. The ratio of antigen to antibody was the factor determining the development and type of glomerulonephritis. This is in confirmation of the observations of Dixon, Feldman, and Vazquez. With the aid of the ferritin antibody technique it was shown that antigen aggregates (probably antigen-antibody complexes) are present in the blood, cross the endothelium and the basement membrane, and accumulate as dense deposits between the basement membrane and the epithelial cytoplasm. In the deposits electron-dense aggregates formed by antigen or by antigen-antibody complexes and material which might be other endogenous proteins may be identified. In rabbits dead of anaphylactic shock following injection of bovine serum albumin, dense material was found within glomerular capillaries, presumably formed by the embolic deposition of antigen-antibody complexes, since the immunofluorescein and immunoferritin techniques demonstrated the presence of both BSA and rabbit globulin.
Measuring the unmeasurable
Authors: C. Martyn
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In September 1990 the Lancet published a study of women with breast cancer who, in addition to their conventional treatment, had been to the Bristol Cancer Help Centre. The relapse rate and the survival of these women were significantly worse than in control groups who had received only conventional treatment. The investigators discussed several possible explanations in their paper, but, in the publicity that followed, only one of these possibilities attracted much attention—the likelihood that some aspect of the Bristol Centre's regimen of stringent vegan diet, counselling, meditation, and healing was responsible. The validity of the findings was soon challenged. The authors of the paper reanalysed their data and modified their conclusions. A month later they acknowledged …
Seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus in Africa.
Authors: I Wendler, J Schneider, B Gras, A F Fleming, G Hunsmann, H Schmitz
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Serum samples from 6015 African subjects without symptoms of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or contact with the disease were examined for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus by a combination of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoprecipitation (2567 samples) or by immunofluorescence (3448 samples). Serum samples had been collected between 1976 and 1984 in Senegal (n = 789), Liberia (935), Ivory Coast (1195), Burkina Faso (299), Nigeria (536), Gabon (1649), Zaire (15), Uganda (164), and Kenya (433). Only four samples contained antibodies. Three of these were from attenders at the Lambarene clinic in Gabon and one from a villager in Senegal. By contrast, two out of six AIDS suspects from Guinea-Bissau, all 13 patients with AIDS from Kinshasa (Zaire), and two out of three of their contacts were seropositive, all these specimens having been collected in 1985. These data show that fewer than one in a 1000 subjects were seropositive for AIDS at the time of sampling before 1985 and do not support the hypothesis of the disease originating in Africa.
Patient Motivation as a Predictor of Process and Outcome in Psychotherapy
Authors: Lois J. Keithly, Stephanie J. Samples, Hans H. Strupp
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1980)

This study examined the effect of the patient's level of motivation upon process and outcome in short-term psychotherapy. 18 shy, anxious, and depressed male college students received up to 25 sessions of therapy with experienced professional therapists. Analyses of audiotaped samples from four therapy sessions indicated that motivation was a good predictor of a patient's behavior in therapy. These analyses also suggested that the patient's level of motivation may influence the therapist's behavior during treatment. Lastly, ratings of motivation significantly predicted both the therapist's and the clinician's ratings of overall improvement, but not the patient's rating of overall improvement or the residual maladjustment scores derived from the MMPI.
The Effects of Group Size on Test Ordering for Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Arnold M. Epstein, Colin B. Begg, Barbara J. McNeil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

There has been a tremendous increase in the number of patients receiving care from physicians in group practice rather than in solo practice. To determine whether group size influences the number of tests ordered for ambulatory patients, we studied the records of 351 hypertensive patients cared for by 30 internists in group or solo private practice. Patients of physicians who were members of large groups received twice as many tests (6.4 per patient per year) as patients of physicians in small groups (3.5) or in solo practice (3.3) (P less than 0.001). The charges for testing were also nearly double for patients of physicians in large groups ($123 vs. $58 and $71, P less than 0.01). A multiple regression analysis of individual tests showed that large group practices were associated with increased use of electrocardiography (P less than 0.001), blood counts (P less than 0.01), urinalysis (P less than 0.05), and chest radiography (P less than 0.05). These effects were independent of the patient's age and sex, the year the physician graduated from medical school, and the availability of testing machinery at the practice site. These findings suggest that membership in a large group practice is associated with increased test ordering for hypertensive patients. This may be due to self-selection of particular types of physicians or patients, or to a property of the organizational structure itself.
No milk today
Authors: M D Harris
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Although I am not a gastroenterologist, I feel that I am well qualified to write on this topic. My “gut rot” really started around seven years ago, in my mid-30s. I had been diagnosed as having irritable bowel syndrome as a student, but this was something more. The symptoms became quite distressing and, after a negative colonoscopy, a simple test revealed that I was lactose intolerant.

> In other mammals, milk would be present in the diet only while they were breast fed 

The milk sugar lactose is a disaccharide found naturally only in milk products. In non-sufferers it is split in the small intestine by lactase into glucose and galactose, which are readily absorbed. In the absence of endogenous lactase enzyme, the sugar passes into the large bowel, where it is broken down by lactobacilli, part of the normal flora. The products of this digestion include hydrogen, some of which is absorbed and excreted via the lungs, the remainder leaving by an alternative route. The raised level of hydrogen in …
Disturbed CD4+ T Cell Homeostasis and In Vitro HIV-1 Susceptibility in Transgenic Mice Expressing T Cell Line–tropic HIV-1 Receptors
Authors: Shinichiro Sawada, Kavitha Gowrishankar, Rui Kitamura, Misao Suzuki, Gen Suzuki, Satoko Tahara, Atsushi Koito
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

T cell line–tropic (T-tropic) HIV type 1 strains enter cells by interacting with the cell-surface molecules CD4 and CXCR4. We have generated transgenic mice predominantly expressing human CD4 and CXCR4 on their CD4-positive T lymphocytes (CD4+ T cells). Their primary thymocytes are susceptible to T-tropic but not to macrophage-tropic HIV-1 infection in vitro, albeit with a viral antigen production less efficient than human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Interestingly, even without HIV infection, transgenic mice display a CD4+ T cell depletion profile of peripheral blood reminiscent of that seen in AIDS patients. We demonstrate that CD4+ T cell trafficking in transgenic mice is biased toward bone marrow essentially due to CXCR4 overexpression, resulting in the severe loss of CD4+ T cells from circulating blood. Our data suggest that CXCR4 plays an important role in lymphocyte trafficking through tissues, especially between peripheral blood and bone marrow, participating in the regulation of lymphocyte homeostasis in these compartments. Based on these findings, we propose a hypothetical model in which the dual function of CXCR4 in HIV-1 infection and in lymphocyte trafficking may cooperatively induce progressive HIV-1 infection and CD4+ T cell decline in patients.
CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonism: A new strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis
Authors: Hermann E. Wasmuth, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Hepatic fibrosis, the common response associated with chronic liver diseases, ultimately leads to cirrhosis, a major public health problem worldwide1. We recently showed that activation of hepatic cannabinoid CB2 receptors limits progression of experimental liver fibrosis2. We also found that during the course of chronic hepatitis C, daily cannabis use is an independent predictor of fibrosis progression3. Overall, these results suggest that endocannabinoids may drive both CB2-mediated antifibrogenic effects and CB2-independent profibrogenic effects. Here we investigated whether activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (encoded by Cnr1) promotes progression of fibrosis. CB1 receptors were highly induced in human cirrhotic samples and in liver fibrogenic cells. Treatment with the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A decreased the wound-healing response to acute liver injury and inhibited progression of fibrosis in three models of chronic liver injury. We saw similar changes in Cnr1−/− mice as compared to wild-type mice. Genetic or pharmacological inactivation of CB1 receptors decreased fibrogenesis by lowering hepatic transforming growth factor (TGF)-1 and reducing accumulation of fibrogenic cells in the liver after apoptosis and growth inhibition of hepatic myofibroblasts. In conclusion, our study shows that CB1 receptor antagonists hold promise for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Death Due to Conflagration
Authors: Alan R. Moritz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

DEATH DUE TO CONFLAGRATIONApproximately 10,000 deaths per year in the United States are caused by burning or by other lethal attributes of conflagrations. In almost a quarter of these the victim is found dead at the scene of the fire. Such deaths are investigated by the medical examiner or coroner. Although the majority are due to the fire and are accidental, this is not invariably the case. Willful destruction of a dead body by fire may be an attempt to perpetrate an insurance fraud or to conceal a homicide. It is the purpose of this communication to review briefly . . .
Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB DNA Binding by Organoselenocyanates through Covalent Modification of the p50 Subunit
Authors: Kun-Ming Chen, Thomas E. Spratt, Bruce A. Stanley, Dan A. De Cotiis, Maria C. Bewley, John M. Flanagan, Dhimant Desai, Arunangshu Das, Emerich S. Fiala, Shantu Amin, Karam El-Bayoumy
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Most known chemopreventive agents including certain selenium compounds suppress the activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), but the mechanisms remain largely elusive. Toward this end, we initially showed that the inhibition of NF-κB DNA binding by benzyl selenocyanate (BSC) and 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) was reversed by the addition of DTT; this suggests the formation of DTT-reducible selenium-sulfur bonds between selenocyanate moieties and cysteine residues in NF-κB (p50) protein. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of selenocyanates on NF-κB was not altered in the presence of physiologic level of reduced glutathione (1 mmol/L), suggesting that selenocyanates can also inhibit NF-κB in vivo. Using both matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight and tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation, we showed for the first time that the Cys62 residue in the active site of NF-κB (p50) protein was modified by BSC through the formation of a selenium-sulfur bond. In addition, p-XSC–bound NF-κB (p50) protein was also detected by a radiotracer method. To provide further support, molecular models of both BSC and p-XSC positioned in the DNA binding pocket of the p50 were constructed through the covalent modification of Cys62; the models reveal that DNA substrate could be hindered to enter its DNA binding region. This study shows for the first time that BSC and p-XSC may exert their chemopreventive activity, at least in part, by inhibiting NF-κB through covalent modification of Cys62 of the p50 subunit of NF-κB. [Cancer Res 2007;67(21):10475–83]
Toxic Reaction to Intramuscular Injection of Iron
Authors: A. William Shafer, Arthur A. Marlow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

AN iron-dextran combination of low molecular weight§ has proved to be effective in correcting the anemia of iron deficiency. Hagedorn1 reported that over 400 injections had been given at the Mayo Clinic "without any significant reaction." Lichtman,2 in a recent article on therapy of anemias stated, "its administration has been free of adverse side reactions." These implications of harmlessness of the combination prompted this case report.Case ReportA 46-year-old man was referred because of severe anemia, which had not responded to a 3-week course of iron given by mouth. The only known blood loss was from hemorrhoids. There was . . .
INFLUENCE OF AMOUNT OF MILK CONSUMPTION ON THE RATE OF GROWTH OF SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: J. B. Orr
Journal: BMJ (1928)

II.#K.CONSUM[rTON.A OEitDL QIIiDN.TxsBRITITW letters are written in a racy literary style, effervesce with good spirits and are stamped by a broad humanity.These extracts have been chosen with a fine discrimination, and show the- writer to have been a man of varied attainments, who combined a strong sense of his duty to his fellow men with a healthy determination to get the very best out of life.By remaining
Intussusception in a Young Adult With Bloody Diarrhoea
Authors: M. Stechman, P. Safranek, S. Purkayastha
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2004)

Bloody diarrhoea is a common presenting symptom in acute surgery, medicine and also in out-patient clinics. Intussusception, although a common cause of small bowel obstruction and rectal bleeding in infants, is rare in adults. In contrast to paediatric cases, where the majority can be treated by pneumatic or hydrostatic reduction, the vast majority of adult cases of intussusception are due to a tumour of some kind and will require operation and resection. Diagnostically plain radiology, CT, ultrasound and endoscopy are useful since the clinical picture is often unclear. We present a case of a young man who presented with acute bloody diarrhoea. The diagnosis was made colonoscopically and he was treated surgically. The case underlines the need for surgeon to maintain an open mind when investigating unexceptional symptoms.
Acute myeloblastic leukemia in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Evidence of evolution from the abnormal paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clone.
Authors: D V Devine, W L Gluck, W F Rosse, J B Weinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hematopoietic stem cell disorder in which the blood cells demonstrate aberrant interactions with serum complement. In part, this is due to the absence of the complement regulatory protein, decay accelerating factor (DAF). A small number of patients with PNH have gone on to develop acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, which is thought to arise from the injured marrow as a second hematopoietic disorder. We have studied a patient with PNH who developed acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML); the blasts from this patient were found to lack DAF as measured by polyclonal antibody binding and fluorescence flow cytometry as well as by immunoblotting. The blasts from 11 other patients with AML bound anti-DAF antibody in amounts similar to normal mononuclear cells from healthy donors. Cells of the human leukemia cell lines HL-60, K562, U937, and HEL also bound anti-DAF antibody. In addition to DAF deficiency, blasts from the PNH patient had undetectable alkaline phosphatase activity, in contrast to human leukemia cell lines. These data suggest that the leukemic cells of the PNH patient arose out of the PNH clone and that AML in the setting of PNH is not a separate disorder.
Efficient Whole-body Transduction with Trans-splicing Adeno-associated Viral Vectors
Authors: Arkasubhra Ghosh, Yongping Yue, Chun Long, Brian Bostick, Dongsheng Duan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Limited packaging capacity has hampered adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy for many common genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Trans-splicing AAV (tsAAV) vectors double AAV packaging capacity but their transduction efficiency has been too low to be useful. We have recently overcome this hurdle by rational vector design. We have shown that a pair of optimized mini-dystrophin tsAAV vectors can reach the same transduction efficiency as that of a single AAV vector after local injection in dystrophic muscle. However, global gene transfer is required to treat diseases like DMD. To test whether systemic delivery can be achieved with tsAAV vectors, we generated a set of optimized alkaline phosphatase (AP) tsAAV vectors. We delivered AAV serotype 9 pseudotyped AP tsAAV intravenously to newborn mice. Six weeks later, we observed high-level transduction in all body skeletal muscle and the heart, the tissues that are affected in DMD. We also detected efficient transduction in the lung, the primary organ affected in CF. Our results provide the first evidence of whole-body transduction with tsAAV vectors and further raise the hope of tsAAV gene therapy for DMD and CF.
Atorvastatin Reduces the Ability of Clopidogrel to Inhibit Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Wei C. Lau, Lucy A. Waskell, Paul B. Watkins, Charlene J. Neer, Kevin Horowitz, Amy S. Hopp, Alan R. Tait, David G.M. Carville, Kirk E. Guyer, Eric R. Bates
Journal: Circulation (2003)

We observed that the prodrug clopidogrel was less effective in inhibiting platelet aggregation with coadministration of atorvastatin during point-of-care platelet function testing. Because atorvastatin is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, we hypothesized that clopidogrel might be activated by CYP3A4.Platelet aggregation was measured in 44 patients undergoing coronary artery stent implantation treated with clopidogrel or clopidogrel plus pravastatin or atorvastatin, and in 27 volunteers treated with clopidogrel and either erythromycin or troleandomycin, CYP3A4 inhibitors, or rifampin, a CYP3A4 inducer. Atorvastatin, but not pravastatin, attenuated the antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel in a dose-dependent manner. Percent platelet aggregation was 34+/-23, 58+/-15 (P=0.027), 74+/-10 (P=0.002), and 89+/-7 (P=0.001) in the presence of clopidogrel and 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg of atorvastatin, respectively. Erythromycin attenuated platelet aggregation inhibition (55+/-12 versus 42+/-12% platelet aggregation; P=0.002), as did troleandomycin (78+/-18 versus 45+/-18% platelet aggregation; P<0.0003), whereas rifampin enhanced platelet aggregation inhibition (33+/-18 versus 56+/-20% platelet aggregation, P=0.001).CYP3A4 activates clopidogrel. Atorvastatin, another CYP3A4 substrate, competitively inhibits this activation. Use of a statin not metabolized by CYP3A4 and point-of-care platelet function testing may be warranted in patients treated with clopidogrel.
632 MONITORING VIROLOGIC ON TREATMENT RESPONSE TO PREDICT TREATMENT OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: REALTIME PCR ASSAYS AND BDNA/TMA PROVIDE THE SAME PERFORMANCES
Authors: M. Martinot-Peignoux, H. Khiri, L. Leclere, P. Marcellin, P. Halfon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Polycystic Kidneys Incidentally Visualized During Renal Transplant Imaging
Authors: ELIZABETH OATES, RAFAEL VAZQUEZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A 35-year-old white man was referred for renal imaging to evaluate his recent cadaveric transplant. Incidentally visualized were two large, well-defined photopenic structures confirmed by history to represent polycystic kidneys, a not uncommon underlying renal disease leading to transplantation.