tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Finnish Allergy Programme 2008–2018 – time to act and change the course
Authors: T. Haahtela, L. Von Hertzen, M. Mäkelä, M. Hannuksela
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: The prevalence of allergic diseases has grown in Finland, similarly to many other western countries. Although the origin of allergy remains unresolved, increasing body of evidence indicates that the modern man living in urban built environment is deprived from environmental protective factors (e.g. soil microorganisms) that are fundamental for normal tolerance development. The current dogma of allergen avoidance has not proved effective in halting the ‘epidemic’, and it is the Finnish consensus that restoring and strengthening tolerance should more be in focus. Aim: The national 10‐year programme is aimed to reduce burden of allergies. The main goals are to (i) prevent the development of allergic symptoms; (ii) increase tolerance against allergens; (iii) improve the diagnostics; (iv) decrease work‐related allergies; (v) allocate resources to manage and prevent exacerbations of severe allergies and (vi) decrease costs caused by allergic diseases. Methods: For each goal, specific tasks, tools and evaluation methods are defined. Nationwide implementation acts through the network of local co‐ordinators (primary care physicians, nurses, pharmacists). In addition, three nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) take care of the programme implementation. The 21 central hospital districts carry out a three step educational process: (i) healthcare personnel; (ii) representatives and educators of NGOs and (iii) patients and the general population. For outcome evaluation, repeated surveys are performed and healthcare registers employed at the beginning, at 5 years, and at the end of the programme. The process will be evaluated by an independent external body. Conclusion: The Finnish initiative is a comprehensive plan to reduce burden of allergies. The aim is to increase immunological tolerance and change attitudes to support health instead of medicalizing common and mild allergy symptoms. It is time to act, when allergic individuals are becoming a majority of western populations and their numbers are in rapid increase worldwide. The Programme is associated with the Global Alliance of Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD), WHO.
Intermittent claudication: is a supervised exercise class worth while?
Authors: P C Clifford, P W Davies, J A Hayne, R N Baird
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Twenty-one patients (19 men and two women) with disabling exercise-related leg pain attended a physiotherapy department on one afternoon each week for an exercise training programme lasting one month. The clinical diagnosis of intermittent claudication and localisation of the atherosclerotic occlusions were confirmed in all but one case by pulse volume recordings and segmental Doppler systolic pressure measurements. Two patients whose symptoms worsened underwent arterial reconstruction. Post-training assessment at six months showed that the remaining 18 patients walked 80% further and performed 75% more step-ups. They also felt much healthier, having unduly restricted their activities before because they had feared the onset of ischaemic leg pain. These results suggest that supervised exercise training is a simple and effective method of treating patients with intermittent claudication.
Dysbiosis‐induced intestinal inflammation activates tumor necrosis factor receptor I and mediates alcoholic liver disease in mice
Authors: Peng Chen, Peter Stärkel, Jerrold R. Turner, Samuel B. Ho, Bernd Schnabl
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Intestinal barrier dysfunction is an important contributor to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Translocated microbial products trigger an inflammatory response in the liver and contribute to steatohepatitis. Our aim was to investigate mechanisms of barrier disruption after chronic alcohol feeding. A Lieber‐DeCarli model was used to induce intestinal dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and liver disease in mice. Alcohol feeding for 8 weeks induced intestinal inflammation in the jejunum, which is characterized by an increased number of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α)‐producing monocytes and macrophages. These findings were confirmed in duodenal biopsies from patients with chronic alcohol abuse. Intestinal decontamination with nonabsorbable antibiotics restored eubiosis, decreased intestinal inflammation and permeability, and reduced ALD in mice. TNF‐receptor I (TNFRI) mutant mice were protected from intestinal barrier dysfunction and ALD. To investigate whether TNFRI on intestinal epithelial cells mediates intestinal barrier dysfunction and ALD, we used TNFRI mutant mice carrying a conditional gain‐of‐function allele for this receptor. Reactivation of TNFRI on intestinal epithelial cells resulted in increased intestinal permeability and liver disease that is similar to wild‐type mice after alcohol feeding, suggesting that enteric TNFRI promotes intestinal barrier dysfunction. Myosin light‐chain kinase (MLCK) is a downstream target of TNF‐α and was phosphorylated in intestinal epithelial cells after alcohol administration. Using MLCK‐deficient mice, we further demonstrate a partial contribution of MLCK to intestinal barrier dysfunction and liver disease after chronic alcohol feeding. Conclusion : Dysbiosis‐induced intestinal inflammation and TNFRI signaling in intestinal epithelial cells mediate a disruption of the intestinal barrier. Therefore, intestinal TNFRI is a crucial mediator of ALD. (H epatology 2015;61:883–894)
Ragweed pollen collected along high‐traffic roads shows a higher allergenicity than pollen sampled in vegetated areas
Authors: A. Ghiani, R. Aina, R. Asero, E. Bellotto, S. Citterio
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Pollutants may affect pollen allergenicity and thus the prevalence of allergies. Although a few studies are available in literature, the connection between pollution and the allergenic potential of pollen has yet to be clearly defined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of traffic‐related pollution on the allergenicity of ragweed ( A mbrosia artemisiifolia L.) pollen through a field‐based experiment. Methods Mature pollen grains were collected from ragweed plants grown along main roadsides and in vegetated areas of Po river plain. The percentage of sub‐pollen particle‐releasing grains ( SPPG s) was evaluated immediately after sampling by microscope and image analysis. Immunochemistry and LC ‐ MS / MS were applied to assess the whole allergenicity and the allergen pattern characterizing the different pollen samples. Results No statistical difference was detected in the percentage of SPPG s among pollen samples. Specifically, after hydration, the mean percentage was very low (&lt;4%) in all the samples, regardless of the site of origin. On the contrary, pollen collected along high‐traffic roads showed a higher whole allergenicity than pollen from low‐traffic roads and vegetated areas which showed a reactivity similar to that of the commercial pollen ‘Allergon’, used as a standard. The detected higher allergenicity levels were attributed to both quantitative and qualitative differences in allergen pattern. Conclusion Our findings show that pollen collected at different sites contains different amount and number of allergens and suggest that traffic‐related pollution enhances ragweed pollen allergenicity, which may contribute to the increasing prevalence of ragweed allergy in Lombardy plain.
Long-QT Syndrome Induced by the Antiaddiction Drug Ibogaine
Authors: Dianne W.M. Hoelen, Wilko Spiering, Gerlof D. Valk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 31-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department because of a seizure-like attack after a single 3.5-g dose of ibogaine. ECG showed a severe prolonged-QT interval of 548 msec and ventri...
Utilization of and Adherence to the Gastroenterology Core Curriculum on Hepatology Training During a Gastrointestinal Fellowship
Authors: Jason M. Guardino, Deborah D. Proctor, Rocio Lopez, William Carey
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)

The gastroenterology core curriculum (GCC) represents the knowledge/skills desired at the completion of fellowship training. The hepatology subset (H-GCC) is the focus of this research. The aims were to measure adherence of the H-GCC within gastrointestinal training programs, compare the perceptions of the H-GCC compliance by fellows and program directors, and provide comparative information to improve gastrointestinal training programs.A questionnaire was designed to assess the general and hepatology components of the GCC. Fellows and program directors were invited to participate by means of 3 sequential mailings. Pearson chi(2) and Fisher exact tests were used for statistics.Of 971 potential respondents, the questionnaire was returned by 42% of program directors and 33% of fellows. There was <70% agreement by either fellows or program directors for minimum > or =18 months of clinical training (minimum > or =30% hepatology), and minimum > or =20 paracentesis/liver biopsies. Most prescribed hepatology core topics were covered; however, >10% of fellows claimed deficiency in physiology, pregnancy issues, angiography, immunosuppressant use, and congenital disorders. Fellows in non-liver transplant institutions more often reported lack of training in fulminant disease, transplant patient selection, and diagnosis/management of rejection (P < .001).(1) Fellow and program director assessments were highly concordant, with most H-GCC criteria being met. (2) Attention is required to provide adequate time for clinical training and prescribed procedures. (3) Improved instruction in several hepatology topics seems warranted. (4) A nonevaluative questionnaire is a practical means to measure compliance. Future studies measuring compliance with other components of the GCC by using this methodology seem feasible.
Further Experiences with Prolonged Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with A.C.T.H. and with Gold
Authors: J. Goslings, W. Hijmans, A. Querido, A. A. H. Kassenaar
Journal: BMJ (1951)

In an earlier report several problems concerning the long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with A.C.T.H.t were discussed (Goslings et al, 1950). Since that time relatively few authors have concerned them selves with this subject (Hench et al, 1950 ; Boland, 1950). The conclusion reached from their work is that the general application of A.C.T.H. for the routine treat ment of rheumatoid arthritis is not yet justified. The investigations carried out at this centre on patients receiving prolonged treatment with A.C.T.H. have of late met with special difficulties in a group of patients who originally responded to therapy but later entered into what might be termed a$tefractory state. In this article several possible explanations of that failure are discussed.
TCT-166 Stenting the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract as a Palliative Procedure in Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Carlos Pedra, Rodrigo Costa, Marcelo Ribeiro, Wanda Nascimento, Simone Pedra, Glaucio Furlanetto, Marcelo Jatene, Patricia Elias, Virginia Santana, Valmir Fontes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The epigenetic regulator Uhrf1 facilitates the proliferation and maturation of colonic regulatory T cells
Authors: Yuuki Obata, Yukihiro Furusawa, Takaho A Endo, Jafar Sharif, Daisuke Takahashi, Koji Atarashi, Manabu Nakayama, Satoshi Onawa, Yumiko Fujimura, Masumi Takahashi, Tomokatsu Ikawa, Takeshi Otsubo, Yuki I Kawamura, Taeko Dohi, Shoji Tajima, Hiroshi Masumoto, Osamu Ohara, Kenya Honda, Shohei Hori, Hiroshi Ohno, Haruhiko Koseki, Koji Hase
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
STAGE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE HAD CLOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PREVALENCE OF EXTRA CARDIAC ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENT UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Takenori Domei, Takashi Miura, Yoshimitsu Soga, Takeshi Arita, Kenji Ando, Shinichi Shirai, Koyu Sakai, Katsuhiro Kondo, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Masashi Iwabuchi, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Magnetic resonance elastography: Non-invasive mapping of tissue elasticity
Authors: A. Manduca, T.E. Oliphant, M.A. Dresner, J.L. Mahowald, S.A. Kruse, E. Amromin, J.P. Felmlee, J.F. Greenleaf, R.L. Ehman
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2001)
Biomechanical factors in the biology of aortic wall and aortic valve diseases
Authors: Magnus Bäck, T. Christian Gasser, Jean-Baptiste Michel, Giuseppina Caligiuri
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

The biomechanical factors that result from the haemodynamic load on the cardiovascular system are a common denominator of several vascular pathologies. Thickening and calcification of the aortic valve will lead to reduced opening and the development of left ventricular outflow obstruction, referred to as aortic valve stenosis. The most common pathology of the aorta is the formation of an aneurysm, morphologically defined as a progressive dilatation of a vessel segment by more than 50% of its normal diameter. The aortic valve is exposed to both haemodynamic forces and structural leaflet deformation as it opens and closes with each heartbeat to assure unidirectional flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. The arterial pressure is translated into tension-dominated mechanical wall stress in the aorta. In addition, stress and strain are related through the aortic stiffness. Furthermore, blood flow over the valvular and vascular endothelial layer induces wall shear stress. Several pathophysiological processes of aortic valve stenosis and aortic aneurysms, such as macromolecule transport, gene expression alterations, cell death pathways, calcification, inflammation, and neoangiogenesis directly depend on biomechanical factors.
The standardised admission ratio for measuring widening participation in medical schools: analysis of UK medical school admissions by ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and sex
Authors: Kieran Seyan, Trisha Greenhalgh, Danny Dorling
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Ethnic minorities and women are no longer under-represented in UK medical schools, but lower socioeconomic groups still are.1 Given the strong political pressure on higher education institutions to develop “widening participation” programmes,2 3 a valid quantitative index of the impact of such programmes is needed urgently. Such an index should be derived from robust and accessible primary data, reflect the impact of multiple independent variables in different population subgroups, allow comparisons across institutions and over time, and be readily understandable by non-statisticians.

Statistics on the entry profile of UK medical schools are usually expressed as the selection ratio (the proportion of admissions to applications4). We propose that the standardised admission ratio (see box), which expresses the number of pupils admitted to medical school as a proportion of the number who would do so if places were allocated equitably across all socioeconomic and ethnic groups and equally by sex, should become the standard measure of widening participation. It would not, of course, be an index of discrimination at selection stage. …
Asthma, Steroids, and Cataracts
Authors: James E. Leibold, Irving H. Itkin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the Aug 10, 1963, Negative Results section (<i>JAMA</i><b>185</b>:448) we reported on the absence of cataracts in 48 asthmatic patients who were treated with corticosteroids. Recently we were informed that posterior subcapsular cataracts had developed in one of our steroidtreated asthmatics. The patient was treated at the National Jewish Hospital at Denver but was discharged several months before the survey was made. Dr. James Burris of New York has written us outlining the clinical eye findings. The patient is 25 years old, with cataracts in both eyes dense enough to cause an acuity of 20/40 OD and 10/200 OS. The left cataract was surgically removed in December, 1963. This patient received a high dosage of steroids for one year and a moderate dosage (equivalent to 9-15 mg of methylprednisolone ) for five years. This case emphasizes the necessity of longer follow-up study for the detection of
Antibody to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers' yeast) in Crohn's disease.
Authors: J. Main, H. McKenzie, G. R. Yeaman, M. A. Kerr, D. Robson, C. R. Pennington, D. Parratt
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Comparaison de 55 cas de maladie de Crohn, 40 de colite ulcerative et 30 temoins normaux. Les titres d'anticorps IgG et IgA contre Saccharomyces cerevisiae sont significativement eleves dans la maladie de Crohn, non dans la colite ulcerative
Children with Severe Brain Injuries
Authors: Robert J. Doman
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A new system has been developed for the treatment of children with severe brain injuries. This concept, based on neurological organization, is aimed at the injured central nervous system rather than at the resultant peripheral symptoms. The authors devised a developmental mobility scale which described 13 levels of normal development as the criteria of progress during a two-year study of 76 children. The program consisted of permitting the child normal developmental opportunities in areas where the responsible brain level was undamaged, externally imposing the bodily patterns of activity which were the responsibility of damaged brain levels, establishment of hemispheric dominance and early unilaterality, respiratory improvement as measured by vital capacity, and sensory stimulation to improve bodily awareness and position sense. The results of this study are significantly better than those achieved by the authors with previous methods.
Years of Stories
Authors: Amy L. Christianson
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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Effect of a new model of hemodialysis potassium removal on the control of ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Bruno Redaelli, Francesco Locatelli, Donatella Limido, Simeone Andrulli, Maria G. Signorini, Sergio Sforzini, Luisa Bonoldi, Antonio Vincenti, Sergio Cerutti, Giancarlo Orlandini
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
Dioxin Exposure and Sarcoma
Authors: Marilyn A. Fingerhut
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  The recent report of the Council on Scientific Affairs entitled Health Effects of Agent Orange and Dioxin Contaminants (1982; 248:1895) does not present evidence linking dioxin exposure to soft-tissue sarcoma in workers. We believe this research deserves presentation, and we summarize it herein.  Dioxins are generated as unintended contaminants during the chemical manufacture of phenoxy acids such as 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and chlorophenols such as trichlorophenol. Industrial workers who produce phenoxy acids and chlorophenols and herbicide applicators who spray these products are exposed both to the products and to their dioxin contaminants. In 1977, seven cases of soft-tissue sarcoma were reported among Swedish lumberjacks who had heavy previous exposure to phenoxy acid herbicides. This clinical observation led researchers in Sweden to conduct two separate epidemiologic case-control studies. 1-2 Both studies found that persons with occupational exposure to phenoxy acids or chlorophenols had a fivefold increased risk of
OPC-67683, a Nitro-Dihydro-Imidazooxazole Derivative with Promising Action against Tuberculosis In Vitro and In Mice
Authors: Makoto Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Hashizume, Tatsuo Tomishige, Masanori Kawasaki, Hidetsugu Tsubouchi, Hirofumi Sasaki, Yoshihiko Shimokawa, Makoto Komatsu
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Almost a third of the world's population is infected with TB bacilli, and each year approximately 8 million people develop active TB and 2 million die as a result. Today's TB treatment, which dates back to the 1970s, is long and burdensome, requiring at least 6 mo of multidrug chemotherapy. The situation is further compounded by the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and by the infection's lethal synergy with HIV/AIDS. Global health and philanthropic organizations are now pleading for new drug interventions that can address these unmet needs in TB treatment. Methods and Findings Here we report OPC-67683, a nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazole derivative that was screened to help combat the unmet needs in TB treatment. The compound is a mycolic acid biosynthesis inhibitor found to be free of mutagenicity and to possess highly potent activity against TB, including MDR-TB, as shown by its exceptionally low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 0.006–0.024 μg/ml in vitro and highly effective therapeutic activity at low doses in vivo. Additionally, the results of the post-antibiotic effect of OPC-67683 on intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis showed the agent to be highly and dose-dependently active also against intracellular M. tuberculosis H37Rv after a 4-h pulsed exposure, and this activity at a concentration of 0.1 μg/ml was similar to that of the first-line drug rifampicin (RFP) at a concentration of 3 μg/ml. The combination of OPC-67683 with RFP and pyrazinamide (PZA) exhibited a remarkably quicker eradication (by at least 2 mo) of viable TB bacilli in the lung in comparison with the standard regimen consisting of RFP, isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EB), and PZA. Furthermore, OPC-67683 was not affected by nor did it affect the activity of liver microsome enzymes, suggesting the possibility for OPC-67683 to be used in combination with drugs, including anti-retrovirals, that induce or are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Conclusions We concluded that based on these properties OPC-67683 has the potential to be used as a TB drug to help combat the unmet needs in TB treatment.
Complete Heart Block: Procrastination Suggested In Using Pacemaker
Authors: Jack Margolis
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  Complete heart block is a relative uncommon finding. During the past ten years, 15 patients having a diagnosis of complete heart block were admitted to this hospital. This is an incidence of about 0.05% in 30,805 consecutive admissions.  The present study was initiated primarily because it seemed that most of the patients, who had a diagnosis of complete heart block, did well on medical management alone, whereas many reports have described large numbers of patients who received pacemakers.  In order to evaluate complete heart block in this hospital, the electrocardiograms of all patients recorded during the preceding ten years—20,000 in number—were reviewed. There were 15 instances of complete heart block. The records and ECGs of these patients were carefully examined to determine (1) what happened to the patient; (2) what happened to the complete heart block; (3) the etiology of the complete heart block; and (4) the