tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1263: Dietary patterns after prostate cancer diagnosis in relation to disease-specific and total mortality
Authors: Meng Yang, Stacey A. Kenfield, Erin L. Van Blarigan, Julie L. Kasperzyk, Howard D. Sesso, Jing Ma, Meir Stampfer, Jorge E. Chavarro
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Objective: We investigated the relation of post-diagnostic dietary patterns with prostate cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. Methods: 926 men participating in the Physicians' Healthy Study diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) a median of 5.1 years after diagnosis, and were followed thereafter to assess mortality for a median of 9.9 years. Two dietary patterns, a Prudent and a Western pattern, were identified using principal component analysis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the relative hazard of prostate cancer-specific and all-cause mortality in relation to post-diagnostic dietary pattern scores. Models were adjusted for age at diagnosis, time between diagnosis and FFQ completion, energy intake, vigorous exercise, BMI, smoking status, and a modified D'Amico risk score. Results: We identified 333 deaths, 56 due to prostate cancer, during 8,093 person-years of follow-up. The Prudent pattern was characterized by higher intake of vegetables, fruits, fish, legumes and whole grains, while the Western pattern was characterized by higher intake of processed and red meats, potatoes, high-fat dairy and refined grains. Men in the highest quartile (Q4) of the Western pattern had a higher risk of prostate cancer-specific death than men in the lowest quartile (Q1) (Hazard ratio [HR]: 2.39; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.95, 6.00; P for linear trend=0.03). The association between the Western pattern and prostate cancer-specific mortality appeared to be driven by intake of potatoes (HR[Q4 vs Q1]: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.06, 7.62; P for linear trend=0.01). In addition, the Western pattern was associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR[Q4 vs Q1]: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.49; P for linear trend=0.005). A Prudent pattern after diagnosis was unrelated to prostate cancer-specific mortality but was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR[Q4 vs Q1]: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.88; P for linear trend=0.007). Conclusions: A Western dietary pattern may increase risk of prostate cancer-specific and all-cause mortality, whereas a Prudent dietary pattern may decrease the risk of all-cause mortality, all among men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. Citation Format: Meng Yang, Stacey A. Kenfield, Erin L. Van Blarigan, Julie L. Kasperzyk, Howard D. Sesso, Jing Ma, Meir Stampfer, Jorge E. Chavarro. Dietary patterns after prostate cancer diagnosis in relation to disease-specific and total mortality. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1263. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1263
CONSTRUCTIVE MEDICINE AND INDUSTRY
Authors: ROBERT COLLIER PAGE
Journal: JAMA (1946)

Of late so much has been said of the doctor in the lay press, both here and abroad, that not only is the public confused in regard to existing medical problems but many doctors themselves are confused, as well as perturbed, both in regard to their personal professional well being and in regard to the actual future of medicine. Unfortunately the majority of investigators who have written on the subject of medicine for lay consumption are nonmedical in profession and as such are not capable of studying the problem from its fundamental basis, namely the caliber of medical care that is available. Underlying the present confusions is the fact of worldwide social and political change. It is inevitable in times like these that all human institutions should be called into question, and there is no denying that the status of the physician has been adversely affected and that the point
CURABILITY OF CONSUMPTION.
Authors: CHARLES W. DULLES
Journal: JAMA (1891)

About 200 years ago (in 1672), Sir Thomas Browne, the author of that famous book, the<i>Religio Medici</i>—which every physician ought to read—wrote his almost equally famous "Letter to a Friend upon Occasion of the Death of his Intimate Friend." In this letter there is much curious and interesting writing in regard to consumption, to which disease the subject of it fell a victim. Of him Sir Thomas Browne says that he is "by this time no Puny among the mighty Nations of the Dead; for tho he left this World not very many days past, yet every hour, you know, largely addeth unto that dark Society; and considering the incessant Mortality of Mankind, you cannot conceive there dieth in the whole Earth so few as a thousand an hour." He describes, in like quaint terms, the symptoms of consumption and the signs of approaching death, and reflects the common
Nerve Sprouting and Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Ji-Min Cao, Lan S. Chen, Bruce H. KenKnight, Toshihiko Ohara, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Jerome Tsai, William W. Lai, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, Paul L. Wolf, Michael C. Fishbein, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

The factors that contribute to the occurrence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with chronic myocardial infarction (MI) are not entirely clear. The present study tests the hypothesis that augmented sympathetic nerve regeneration (nerve sprouting) increases the probability of ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), and SCD in chronic MI. In dogs with MI and complete atrioventricular (AV) block, we induced cardiac sympathetic nerve sprouting by infusing nerve growth factor (NGF) to the left stellate ganglion (experimental group, n=9). Another 6 dogs with MI and complete AV block but without NGF infusion served as controls (n=6). Immunocytochemical staining revealed a greater magnitude of sympathetic nerve sprouting in the experimental group than in the control group. After MI, all dogs showed spontaneous VT that persisted for 5.8+/-2.0 days (phase 1 VT). Spontaneous VT reappeared 13.1+/-6.0 days after surgery (phase 2 VT). The frequency of phase 2 VT was 10-fold higher in the experimental group (2.0+/-2.0/d) than in the control group (0.2+/-0.2/d, P<0.05). Four dogs in the experimental group but none in the control group died suddenly of spontaneous VF. We conclude that MI results in sympathetic nerve sprouting. NGF infusion to the left stellate ganglion in dogs with chronic MI and AV block augments sympathetic nerve sprouting and creates a high-yield model of spontaneous VT, VF, and SCD. The magnitude of sympathetic nerve sprouting may be an important determinant of SCD in chronic MI.
Is this a record?
Authors: D Mulherin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Paired two tailed Student's t test used to test differences between baseline and six month follow up values for both patient groups.ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (normal value 5-15 mm/1st h); CRP, C reactive protein (normal value <10 mg/l); VAS, visual analogue score; BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (0-100); BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (0-100).
670. Mutation Independent Silencing of Genes Involved in Retinal Degeneration by RNA Interference (RNAi) and Trans Complementation by a Codon Exchanged RNAi-Resistant Transgene
Authors: Siobhan Cashman, Erin Binkley, Rajendra Kumar-Singh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

More than one hundred different mutations in the gene encoding rhodopsin are associated with a group of retinal degenerations including retinitis pigmentosa, congenital stationary night blindness and retinitis punctata albescens. Given this large heterogeneity of mutations, it would be ideal to develop mutation independent therapies for these diseases. We describe use of the endogenous RNA interference (RNAi) machinery present in eukaryotic cells to silence mutant and wild type rhodopsin alleles by a vector expressing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA). We found that in the human embryonic retinoblast cell line 911, wild type human rhodopsin driven by a CMV promoter could be silenced by 94.34|[plusmn]|2.17% and the most common rhodopsin-associated mutation in the United States, P23H, could be silenced by 94.9|[plusmn]|1.9% by a shRNA targeting rhodopsin. When the degeneracy of the genetic code was used to exchange 10 of 21 nucleotides of the region that encodes for the shRNA target in human rhodopsin cDNA, we found that the shRNA was no longer able to silence the codon exchanged rhodopsin mRNA (cmRNA). Moreover, the efficiency of translation of this cmRNA was equivalent to wild type rhodopsin mRNA.
Reorganizing an Academic Medical Service
Authors: Robert M. Wachter, Patricia Katz, Jonathan Showstack, Andrew B. Bindman, Lee Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Academic medical centers are under enormous pressure to improve quality and cut costs while preserving education.To determine whether a reorganized academic medical service, led by faculty members who attended more often and became involved earlier and more intensively in care, would lower costs without compromising quality and education.Alternate-day controlled trial.Inpatient academic general medical service.The 1623 patients discharged from the Moffitt-Long medical service between July 1, 1995, and June 30, 1996.We divided our 4-team inpatient general medical service into 2 managed care service (MCS) teams and 2 traditional service (TS) teams. The MCS faculty served as attending physicians more often and were required to provide early input into clinical decisions. Patients were assigned to teams based on alternate days of admission.Outcome measures included resource use and outcomes for MCS vs TS patients, and for MCS patients vs patients seen the previous year, adjusted for demographic characteristics and case mix. Satisfaction of patients, house staff, and faculty was also assessed, as was educational emphasis.A total of 806 patients were admitted to the MCS and 817 to the TS. Demographic characteristics and case mix were similar. Clinical outcomes, including mortality and readmission rates, were also similar, as was patient satisfaction. Resident and faculty satisfaction were high on both services. The average adjusted length of stay of patients on the MCS was 4.3 days vs 4.9 days on the TS and 5 days in 1994-1995 (adjusted P=.01 for MCS vs TS; MCS vs 1994-1995, P<.001). Average adjusted hospital costs were $7007 on the MCS vs $7777 on the TS and $8078 in 1994-1995 (adjusted P=.05 for MCS vs TS; MCS vs 1994-1995, P=.002).A reorganized academic medical service, led by faculty members who attended more often and became involved earlier and more intensively, resulted in significant resource savings with no changes in clinical outcomes or patient, faculty, and house staff satisfaction.
Exclusion of Patients from Pay-for-Performance Targets by English Physicians
Authors: Tim Doran, Catherine Fullwood, David Reeves, Hugh Gravelle, Martin Roland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In the English pay-for-performance program, physicians use a range of criteria to exclude individual patients from the quality calculations that determine their pay. This process, which is called exception reporting, is intended to safeguard patients against inappropriate treatment by physicians seeking to maximize their income. However, exception reporting may allow physicians to inappropriately exclude patients for whom targets have been missed (a practice known as gaming).
WITHIN-HOSPITAL AND 30-DAY OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING INVASIVE CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY WITH DIFFERENT LOW-OSMOLAR IODINATED CONTRAST MEDIA: A RETROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER OBSERVATIONAL COHORT STUDY OF 107,994 PATIENTS
Authors: Troy M. LaBounty, Manan Shah, Fay Lin, Daniel Berman, Subha Raman, James Min
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Tapetoretinal Degeneration in Childhood Presenting as a Disturbance of Behaviour
Authors: B. Harcourt, D. Hopkins
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Four children presented at the age of 6 years with progressive disturbances of behaviour due to increasing visual handicap. In three of them routine ophthalmological examination was carried out in the early stages, but no objective evidence of eye disease was found. The severity and nature of the visual defect and its causal relationship to the behaviour disorder went unrecognized for periods ranging from 18 to 30 months. Eventually the development of retinal changes enabled a diagnosis of tapetoretinal degeneration to be made which was confirmed by the finding of extinction of the electroretinographic response. Transfer of the children to schools for the visually handicapped resulted in improvement in their behaviour disorder.Electroretinography is of great importance in the early diagnosis of juvenile tapetoretinal degeneration.
Prediction of platelet production during chemotherapy of acute leukemia
Authors: David Bessman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract Mean megakaryocyte ploidy, mean platelet volume, and platelet count were measured during 17 courses of chemotherapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. During the myelosuppression from chemotherapy, all three variables fell; during recovery, megakaryocyte ploidy rose 1–2 days before platelet volume, which in turn rose 1–2 days before platelet count. Serial platelet volumes and counts of these patients were compared to the nomogram of the inverse nonlinear relation between platelet count and platelet size in reference subjects. Platelet volume became inappropriately small before platelet count fell substantially and remained small through most of the thrombocytopenic nadir. The end of the nadir was predictable 1–2 days after platelet volume increased to lie congruent with the reference nomogram. Changes in thrombopoiesis appear to occur sequentially in megakaryocyte ploidy, platelet volume, and platelet count. Changes in platelet count, and therefore the appearance of duration of the thrombocytopenic nadir, can be predicted by 1–2 days with platelet volume and 3–4 days with megakaryocyte ploidy. As platelet count rose, despite the continuing predominance of “young” platelets, MPV fell, suggesting that megakaryocyte stimulation as well as platelet age affects platelet size.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE KLEBS-LOEFFLER BACILLUS.
Authors: W. J. CLASS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

It is not necessary for me to enter into a detailed description of the bacillus of diphtheria, history of its discovery, growth in different culture media etc.; a few remarks however especially in regard to its morphology will be required in order to present this paper properly. Fraenkel in his work on bacteriology describes the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus as a bacterium, resembling in many respects Fraenkel's diplococcus of pneumonia. According to him, their habitat is in the oldest part of the pseudo-membrane. They are little rods of moderate size, usually slightly bent, about as long as the tubercle bacillus but twice as broad, hence of a rather coarse appearance and usually with rounded ends. But the form of this micro-organism is exceedingly variable, and the differences are striking in appearance. The bacteria are sometimes seen enveloped in a more or less capacious glassy membrane; sometimes the contents separate into several pieces
Standing By Our Principles: Meaningful Guidance, Moral Foundations, and Multi-Principle Methodology in Medical Scarcity
Authors: Govind C. Persad, Alan Wertheimer, Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

Kerstein and Bognar (2010) differ from us on three major issues: (1) They support sickest-first allocation, (2) they use quality-of-life considerations, and (3) they offer a different basis for pri...
HOW AN ELECTRIC CURRENT MAY BE ABSORBED INTO THE LIFE CURRENT OF HUMAN BEINGS BY INDUCTION, AND WITHOUT VISIBLE CONNECTION WITH ANY ELECTRICAL APPARATUS OR CONDUCTOR.THE EFFECTS WHICH MAY BE PRODUCED BY MEANS OF THE ELECTRO-MAGNETISM UPON THE BRAIN.
Authors: MARION GUILD WALPORT
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The phenomena of electrical action by absorption and induction is just now awakening the attention of the scientific world. In Johnson's Universal Cyclopædia, latest edition, Vol. v, p. 188, he says: "The most important phenomena of magnetic action is that called induction, or the magnetizing action of a magnet on distant substances, animate and inanimate. We also find that this phenomena was discovered and put into practical use by Mesmer, a Vienna physician, in 1774, who found that he could influence and communicate at will to his patients, even at a distance from them, by means of electro-magnets generating a magnetic fluid or electric current." The International Cyclopædia, Vol. ix, says: "By induction we mean the power that an electric current has to excite, to magnetize and to draw into actual contact with itself, properties and bodies near or in range with the current, but not in connection with the
Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema with Prompt versus Deferred Laser Treatment: 5-Year Randomized Trial Results
Authors: Michael J. Elman, Allison Ayala, Neil M. Bressler, David Browning, Christina J. Flaxel, Adam R. Glassman, Lee M. Jampol, Thomas W. Stone
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Factors affecting the choice of a ceiling on the number of exposures with TL01 ultraviolet B phototherapy
Authors: B.L. Diffey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Factors affecting the choice of a ceiling on the number of exposures with TL01 ultraviolet B phototherapy Get access B.L. Diffey B.L. Diffey Regional Medical Physics Department, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, U.K. E‐mail: b.l.diffey@ncl.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue 2, 1 August 2003, Pages 428–430, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05447.x Published: 01 August 2003
P2-036: Novel mechanism of collagen-tumor cell interaction by integrin alpha-11 expression by cancer associated fibroblasts in non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: ChangQi Zhu, Svetlana Popova, Ewan R. Brown, Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy, Roya Navab, Warren Shih, Ming Li, Linda Penn, Donald Gullberg, Ming-Sound Tsao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Laurel V. Schaubert: the value of visuals
Authors: Gail McBride
Journal: JAMA (1980)

"There.<i>That's</i>what I mean by visual static," says Laurel Schaubert, leafing through a medical journal. "No one can possibly take in all the material in that graph without studying it for about a half hour. "Visual static is something that interrupts the message," she explains, "because you have to stop and figure out what the illustration is trying to say. You find it in so many medical journals. "Now if those authors had just come to us...." She laughs. "Or if the journal even had an art director." Laurel Schaubert is hardly satisfied with the state of medical illustration in most medical and scientific journals. The same goes for many oral presentations accompanied by slides. As for books and pamphlets, they vary. Some are dismal and confusing in terms of illustrations. Others are clearer and more vivid because of them. A certain line of soft-cover medical books, for example,
Drug-Induced Immune Hemolysis
Authors: Lawrence D. Petz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Among the major unresolved issues about drug-induced immune hemolytic anemias are the possible mechanisms by which drugs may induce hemolytic antibodies, and the means to establish a definitive diagnosis, since laboratory tests for drug-related antibodies are negative in a frustratingly large percentage of cases in which the clinical suspicion is strong. The article by Salama and Mueller-Eckhardt in this issue of the Journal 1 provides important information about laboratory diagnosis based on a sound knowledge of possible mechanisms of interaction between red cells and drug-induced antibodies.The pioneering work on mechanisms of drug-induced immune cytolysis was performed by Ackroyd,2 whose investigations . . .
High frequency of the JAK2 V617F mutation in patients with thrombocytosis (platelet count &gt; 600 × 109/L) and ringed sideroblasts more than 15% considered as MDS/MPD, unclassifiable
Authors: Norbert Gattermann, Johan Billiet, Ralf Kronenwett, Esther Zipperer, Ulrich Germing, Friedel Nollet, Arnold Criel, Dominik Selleslag
Journal: Blood (2007)
Activating Ly-49d and Inhibitory Ly-49a Natural Killer Cell Receptors Demonstrate Distinct Requirements for Interaction with H2-Dd
Authors: Mary C. Nakamura, Shigenari Hayashi, Eréne C. Niemi, James C. Ryan, William E. Seaman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

The activating Ly-49D receptor and the inhibitory Ly-49A receptor mediate opposing effects on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity after interaction with the same major histocompatibility complex ligand, H2-Dd. To compare Ly-49D and Ly-49A interactions with H2-Dd, we created mutations in H2-Dd and examined the functional ability of these mutants to activate lysis through Ly-49D or to inhibit lysis through Ly-49A. Specific single amino acid changes in either the H2-Dd α1 helix or the α2 helix abrogated Ly-49D–mediated cytotoxicity, but these changes had no significant effect on Ly-49A–dependent inhibition. Each of three α2 domain mutations in the floor of the peptide binding groove reduced functional recognition by either Ly-49D or Ly-49A, but all three were required to fully abrogate inhibition by Ly-49A. Our studies indicate that Ly-49D/H2-Dd interactions require distinct determinants compared with Ly-49A/H2-Dd interactions. These differences have important implications for the integration of activating and inhibitory signals in NK cells.
Clinical Significance of 7s IgM in Monoclonal IgM Diseases
Authors: P. M. Carter, J. R. Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The sera from 117 patients with diseases associated with a high production of monoclonal IgM were analysed for the presence of low molecular weight (7s) IgM by using a simple thin-layer Sephadex technique. 7s IgM was found in the sera of patients with myelomata (66%), lymphomata (45%), and Waldenström9s macroglobulinaemia (20%), but was absent from the sera of patients with benign monoclonal macroglobulinaemia. This technique provides a cheap and practical test which may be valuable in selecting patients with lymphomata from those with benign lesions.
New Targeted Approaches in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Jorge Cortes, Hagop Kantarjian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

The treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia has changed dramatically in the last few years. Stem-cell transplantation and the use of interferon alfa had already offered the possibility of complete and durable cytogenetic responses, improving the survival over that expected with conventional chemotherapy. The introduction of imatinib mesylate has started the era of molecular therapy with remarkable results including complete cytogenetic responses in up to 90% of patients and major molecular responses in most. However, some patients, particularly those treated in the advanced stages, may develop resistance to imatinib. Thus there has been interest in developing new agents that would not only help patients for whom imatinib is ineffective or intolerable, but that could also be combined with the intention of eliminating all evidence of disease. Several approaches are being pursued. These include new and more potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors that may not be affected by the most common mutations seen in the clinic. Some of these agents also inhibit Src-related kinases that may play a role in the development of resistance to imatinib. Other agents are directed at downstream or alternative pathways in leukemic cells, exploring potential synergy with imatinib. Another approach is to pursue an immune modulation that might eliminate small amounts of residual disease. Many of these agents are already showing promising results in the clinic. This manuscript reviews some of these agents, particularly those for which clinical data are already available.