tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Latino beliefs about diabetes.
Authors: S C Weller, R D Baer, L M Pachter, R T Trotter, M Glazer, J E Garcia de Alba Garcia, R E Klein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To describe Latino beliefs about diabetes and assess heterogeneity in beliefs across different groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study comprised a survey of 161 representative Latino adults from four diverse communities: Hartford, Connecticut; Edinburg, Texas; Guadalajara, Mexico; and rural Guatemala. A 130-item questionnaire covered causes symptoms, and treatments for diabetes. Information on demographics and acquaintanceship with someone with diabetes was also collected. The cultural consensus model was used to analyze the variation in responses to determine whether the degree of consistency within and between samples was sufficient to warrant aggregation and description as a single set of beliefs. RESULTS: Homogeneous beliefs were present within each of the four samples. Although variability in responses increased significantly from Connecticut to Guatemala (P &amp;lt; 0.00005), there was significant agreement between samples on the answers (P &amp;lt; 0.0005). Answers tended to be concordant with the biomedical description of diabetes. Greater acculturation, higher educational attainment, and higher diabetes prevalence were associated with greater cultural knowledge about diabetes. In Connecticut, greater knowledge correlated with longer mainland U.S. residency (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In Mexico, those with average educational attainment knew more (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Finally, average knowledge levels were higher in communities with greater diabetes prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: The cultural consensus model facilitated assessment of cultural beliefs regarding diabetes and diabetes management. Overall, Latino cultural beliefs about diabetes were concordant with the biomedical model. Variation in responses tended to characterize less knowledge or experience with diabetes and not different beliefs.
Pharmacologically active microcarriers associated with thermosensitive hydrogel as a growth factor releasing biomimetic 3D scaffold for cardiac tissue-engineering
Authors: Jean-Pierre Karam, Claudio Muscari, Laurence Sindji, Guillaume Bastiat, Francesca Bonafè, Marie-Claire Venier-Julienne, N. Claudia Montero-Menei
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Conversion of Membrane-bound Fas(CD95) Ligand to Its Soluble Form Is Associated with Downregulation of Its Proapoptotic Activity and Loss of Liver Toxicity
Authors: Pascal Schneider, Nils Holler, Jean-Luc Bodmer, Michael Hahne, Karl Frei, Adriano Fontana, Jürg Tschopp
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Human Fas ligand (L) (CD95L) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha undergo metalloproteinase-mediated proteolytic processing in their extracellular domains resulting in the release of soluble trimeric ligands (soluble [s]FasL, sTNF-alpha) which, in the case of sFasL, is thought to be implicated in diseases such as hepatitis and AIDS. Here we show that the processing of sFasL occurs between Ser126 and Leu127. The apoptotic-inducing capacity of naturally processed sFasL was reduced by >1,000-fold compared with membrane-bound FasL, and injection of high doses of recombinant sFasL in mice did not induce liver failure. However, soluble FasL retained its capacity to interact with Fas, and restoration of its cytotoxic activity was achieved both in vitro and in vivo with the addition of cross-linking antibodies. Similarly, the marginal apoptotic activity of recombinant soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL), another member of the TNF ligand family, was greatly increased upon cross-linking. These results indicate that the mere trimerization of the Fas and TRAIL receptors may not be sufficient to trigger death signals. Thus, the observation that sFasL is less cytotoxic than membrane-bound FasL may explain why in certain types of cancer, systemic tissue damage is not detected, even though the levels of circulating sFasL are high.
China moves to tackle iodine deficiency
Authors: T. Plafker
Journal: BMJ (1999)

As part of its nationwide campaign to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders in China by the end of the year 2000, the government has announced the opening of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Reference Laboratory. The laboratory will provide the 31 provincial laboratories and hundreds of local facilities in China with reliable reference standards and quality control indicators to help address the problem. Additionally, the laboratory would also be tasked to develop nationwide training programs, teaching materials and report to the Chinese Ministry of Health on the progress of the campaign against iodine deficiency. National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Reference Library director Li Sumei admits that there are many problems associated with local-level laboratories due to the low quality of technicians and the fact that they receive less training. The incidence of iodine deficiency among children aged 8-10 years, according to Li, has decreased from 20% in 1995 to less than 10% in 1999 as a result of governmental campaigns against the disease. Iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, complications during pregnancy, and cretinism in infants and is considered as a factor in more than 90% of the 11 million cases of mental disability.
ANTIBODY FORMATION IN VITRO
Authors: M. Fishman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Neutralizing activity against T2 bacteriophage appeared in cultures of lymph node cells from normal rats in response to their in vitro stimulation with a cell-free filtrate derived from homogenized rat macrophages which had been incubated with T2 bacteriophage. This activity was specifically directed against T2 bacteriophage. It resided in a fraction of the culture fluid which had the salting-out properties of serum globulin. Phage neutralization was inhibited by antibody specific for rat serum gamma globulin. Antibody production against T2 bacteriophage in cultures of lymph node cells from normal animals failed to occur if (a) T2 bacteriophage alone was added, (b) if the incubation period of macrophages and T2 phage was unduly shortened, (c) if the cell-free filtrate was heated at 80–100°C for 15 minutes, (d) if more than an optimal amount of T2 bacteriophage was added to the macrophages. Additional factors which prevented the formation of antibody were the heat inactivation of the lymph node cells or the addition to the culture medium of either streptomycin or ribonuclease. Finally, it was found that macrophages and lymph node cells had to be obtained from animals of one and the same species. All essential findings on the production of antibody to T2 bacteriophage in vitro could be confirmed by substitution of the chick embryo for the tissue culture medium. The results are discussed in terms of a possible mechanism of antibody production in which an RNAse-sensitive substance resulting from the interaction of macrophages and antigen is capable of stimulating antibody synthesis in lymphocytic cells.
Cardiovascular disease in developing countries.
Authors: M A Najeeb
Journal: BMJ (1993)

baseline.3A risk of hypotension could then be calculated.If the risk of developing first dose hypotension was divided into quarters (from low to high) the incidence of hypotension was 088% and 3-3% in the placebo group versus 4 1/% and 23 -7% in the enalapril group.The corresponding mortal- ity among the same patients, however, was 7/4% and 13-7% in the placebo group versus 8-2% and 15-6% in the enalapril group.These differences are consistent with the overall neutral result of the study and with no significant difference between treatment groups.Thus first dose hypotension after enalapril in this setting seems to identify patients with a high risk of death regardless of enalapril.Early death within 30 days seems to be related to the index infarct and the extent of myocardial injury and is not amenable to enalapril treatment.
Inhibition of Bladder Tumor Growth by 1,1-Bis(3′-Indolyl)-1-(<i>p</i>-Substitutedphenyl)Methanes: A New Class of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonists
Authors: Wassim Kassouf, Sudhakar Chintharlapalli, Maen Abdelrahim, Gina Nelkin, Stephen Safe, Ashish M. Kamat
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract 1,1-Bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(p-substitutedphenyl)methanes containing p-trifluoromethyl (DIM-C-pPhCF3), p-t-butyl (DIM-C-pPhtBu), and phenyl (DIM-C-pPhC6H5) substituents have been identified as a new class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists that exhibit antitumorigenic activity. The PPARγ-active C-DIMs have not previously been studied against bladder cancer. We investigated the effects of the PPARγ-active C-DIMs on bladder cancer cells in vitro and bladder tumors in vivo. In this study, the PPARγ-active compounds inhibited the proliferation of KU7 and 253J-BV bladder cancer cells, and the corresponding IC50 values were 5 to 10 and 1 to 5 μmol/L, respectively. In the less responsive KU7 cells, the PPARγ agonists induced caveolin-1 and p21 expression but no changes in cyclin D1 or p27; in 253J-BV cells, the PPARγ agonists did not affect caveolin-1, cyclin D1, or p27 expression but induced p21 protein. In KU7 cells, induction of caveolin-1 by each of the PPARγ agonists was significantly down-regulated after cotreatment with the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. DIM-C-pPhCF3 (60 mg/kg thrice a week for 4 weeks) inhibited the growth of implanted KU7 orthotopic and s.c. tumors by 32% and 60%, respectively, and produced a corresponding decrease in proliferation index. Treatment of KU7 cells with DIM-C-pPhCF3 also elevated caveolin-1 expression by 25% to 30%, suggesting a role for this protein in mediating the antitumorigenic activity of DIM-C-pPhCF3 in bladder cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 412-8)
Health checks for people over 75.
Authors: A. Barker, S. Betmouni, M. Harrison, R. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1992)

and fertilisation rate (p=0001) but not for indica- tion (p=008) or age (p=09).The group who stopped treatment had a higher rate of total fertilisation failure, a lower fertilisation rate, and a generally more unfavourable indication for in vitro fertilisation.These results indicate that the assumption of the life table method is not met because patients who decide to stop treatment are likely to have less chance of conceiving by in vitro fertilisation than patients who continue.Few studies giving cumulative pregnancy rates after several cycles of in vitro fertilisation evaluate possible selection bias in the couples who continue treatment.To avoid too high expectations people should be aware of the possibility of such selection, particularly in a study with the objective "to provide reliable prognostic information for couples seeking assisted conception.
Preoperative Consultations for Medicare Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery
Authors: Stephan R. Thilen, Miriam M. Treggiari, Jane M. Lange, Elliott Lowy, Edward M. Weaver, Duminda N. Wijeysundera
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Low-risk elective surgical procedures are common, but there are no clear guidelines for when preoperative consultations are required. Such consultations may therefore represent a substantial discretionary service.To assess temporal trends, explanatory factors, and geographic variation for preoperative consultation in Medicare beneficiaries undergoing cataract surgery, a common low-risk elective procedure.Cohort study using a 5% national random sample of Medicare part B claims data including a cohort of 556,637 patients 66 years or older who underwent cataract surgery from 1995 to 2006. Temporal trends in consultations were evaluated within this entire cohort, whereas explanatory factors and geographic variation were evaluated within the 89,817 individuals who underwent surgery from 2005 to 2006.Separately billed preoperative consultations (performed by family practitioners, general internists, pulmonologists, endocrinologists, cardiologists, nurse practitioners, or anesthesiologists) within 42 days before index surgery.The frequency of preoperative consultations increased from 11.3% in 1998 to 18.4% in 2006. Among individuals who underwent surgery in 2005 to 2006, hierarchical logistic regression modeling found several factors to be associated with preoperative consultation, including increased age (75-84 years vs 66-74 years: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.09 [95% CI, 1.04-1.13]), race (African American race vs other: AOR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.65-0.78]), urban residence (urban residence vs isolated rural town: AOR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.49-1.81]), facility type (outpatient hospital vs ambulatory surgical facility: AOR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.05-1.15]), anesthesia provider (anesthesiologist vs non-medically directed nurse anesthetist: AOR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.10-1.24), and geographic region (Northeast vs South: AOR, 3.09 [95% CI, 2.33-4.10]). The burden of comorbidity was associated with consultation, but the effect size was small (<10%). Variation in frequency of consultation across hospital referral regions was substantial (median [range], 12% [0-69%]), even after accounting for differences in patient-level, anesthesia provider-level, and facility-level characteristics.Between 1995 and 2006, the frequency of preoperative consultation for cataract surgery increased substantially. Referrals for consultation seem to be primarily driven by nonmedical factors, with substantial geographic variation.
Snail-Induced Down-Regulation of ΔNp63α Acquires Invasive Phenotype of Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Koichiro Higashikawa, Shingo Yoneda, Kei Tobiume, Masayuki Taki, Hideo Shigeishi, Nobuyuki Kamata
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract p63 is a member of the p53 family and regulates crucial events in the formation of epithelial structures, but the role of p63 in tumor is unclear. We found that Snail-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is accompanied by down-regulation of p63 in human squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). ΔNp63α is the predominantly expressed p63 isoform in SCC cells. ΔNp63 promoter activity required a CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) binding element and was reduced remarkably by Snail. Down-regulation of ΔNp63α and reduction of C/EBPα were observed in EMT phenotype cells, which exhibited invasive activity in vitro. p63 knockdown in cells enhanced invasive activity in the presence of E-cadherin. Conversely, forced expression of ΔNp63α blocked invasive activity of cells with the EMT phenotype. These findings indicate that Snail down-regulates ΔNp63α, leading to acquisition of the invasive phenotype by SCC. The invasive activity caused by down-regulation of ΔNp63α does not require down-regulation of E-cadherin. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9207–13]
LYMPHATIC FUNCTION: THE DISAPPEARANCE RATE OF 131I ALBUMIN FROM THE DERMIS
Authors: JULIA P. ELLIS, RONALD MARKS, B. JOHN PERRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article LYMPHATIC FUNCTION: THE DISAPPEARANCE RATE OF 131I ALBUMIN FROM THE DERMIS Get access JULIA P. ELLIS, JULIA P. ELLIS Department of Dermatology (Dr Ellis), and Department of Medical Physics and Instrumentation (Dr Perry), St George's Hospital, London, S. W. I. and St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London (Dr Marks) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RONALD MARKS, RONALD MARKS Department of Dermatology (Dr Ellis), and Department of Medical Physics and Instrumentation (Dr Perry), St George's Hospital, London, S. W. I. and St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London (Dr Marks) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. JOHN PERRY B. JOHN PERRY Department of Dermatology (Dr Ellis), and Department of Medical Physics and Instrumentation (Dr Perry), St George's Hospital, London, S. W. I. and St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London (Dr Marks) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue 6, 1 June 1970, Pages 593–599, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb06100.x Published: 01 June 1970 Article history Accepted: 04 February 1970 Published: 01 June 1970
Report of the sports injuries course run by the Institute of Accident Surgery.
Authors: N. Tubbs
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1979)

On Friday, 21st September the Institute of Accident Surgery held an inaugural one day course on Sports Injuries at the University of Birmingham.This was a course devoted entirely to the diagnosis and treatment of injury in sport and did not include other medical aspects of sport.The content was aimed at registrar level and was attended by about 40 delegates, mainly orthopaedic registrars.Surgeon Rear Admiral S. Miles opened the meeting with an interesting short talk on the joy and value of participating in sport and the importance of treating the resultant injuries in a manner likely to return the participant to their sport.Dr. 1. D. Adams gave a most lucid account of the difficulties of running a sports injuries clinic.Mr. G. Lemon, described injuries of the foot and included a description of several intrinsic injuries of the foot which were new to many of the audience.After coffee Dr. N. C. C. Sharp spoke on the stresses imposed by the coach.As a physiologist he described the physiological background to training and competing with particular regard to muscle function and dysfunction.For many of us this turned out to be the highlight of the day and gave food for thought as to how one should try to treat and prevent muscle injury.Mr. N. Tubbs followed this with a description of some of the intrinsic injuries around the knee, making particular mention of the medial shelf syndrome and the traction disorders of the quadriceps mechanism.He made a plea for the early diagnosis of these lesions and noted the use of the arthroscope in the diagnosis and sometimes treatment of many knee conditions.
HLA DQ region gene polymorphism associated with primary IgA nephropathy
Authors: Richard H. Moore, Graham A. Hitman, Ekundayo Y. Lucas, Nicholas T. Richards, Michael C. Venning, Surinder Papiha, Timothy H.J. Goodship, Andrew Fidler, Juliette Awad, Hilliard Festenstein, John Cunningham, Frank P. Marsh
Journal: Kidney International (1990)
The Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Sperm Quality
Authors: Craig Hansen, Thomas J. Luben, Jason D. Sacks, Andrew Olshan, Susan Jeffay, Lillian Strader, Sally D. Perreault
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundResearch has suggested an association with ambient air pollution and sperm quality.ObjectivesWe investigated the effect of exposure to ozone (O3) and particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) on sperm quality.MethodsWe reexamined a previous cohort study of water disinfection by-products to evaluate sperm quality in 228 presumed fertile men with different air pollution profiles. Outcomes included sperm concentration, total sperm per ejaculate (count), and morphology, as well as DNA integrity and chromatin maturity. Exposures to O3 and PM2.5 were evaluated for the 90–day period before sampling. We used multivariable linear regression, which included different levels of adjustment (i.e., without and with season and temperature) to assess the relationship between exposure to air pollutants during key periods of sperm development and adverse sperm outcomes.ResultsSperm concentration and count were not associated with exposure to PM2.5, but there was evidence of an association (but not statistically significant) with O3 concentration and decreased sperm concentration and count. Additionally, a significant increase in the percentage of sperm cells with cytoplasmic drop [β = 2.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.21–5.06] and abnormal head (β = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.03–0.92) was associated with PM2.5 concentration in the base model. However, these associations, along with all other sperm outcomes, were not significantly associated with either pollutant after controlling for season and temperature. Overall, although we found both protective and adverse effects, there was generally no consistent pattern of increased abnormal sperm quality with elevated exposure to O3 or PM2.5.ConclusionsExposures to O3 or PM2.5 at levels below the current National Ambient Air Quality Standards were not associated with statistically significant decrements in sperm outcomes in this cohort of fertile men. However, some results suggested effects on sperm concentration, count, and morphology.
COMPARISON OF ANTIPLATELET EFFECT OF TICAGRELOR VERSUS TIROFIBAN IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: A PROSPECTIVE, SINGLE-CENTER, OPEN-LABELED, NON-INFERIORITY STUDY (TE-CLOT: TICAGRELOR'S EFFECT FOR CLOT PREVENTION)
Authors: Jeong-Su Kim, Dong-Cheul Han, Young-Hoon Jeong, In-Suk Kim, Duk-Woo Park, Chang-Bae Sohn, Sang-Hyun Lee, Jin Hee Choi, Kyung-Won Yun, Min-Gu Chon, Kook Jin Chun, Yong Hyun Park, Sun-Min Lee, Maengseok Noh, Chang-Hoon Kim, June-Hong Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF DERMATOMYOSITIS.
Authors: W. J. GRIFFITHS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1940)

Journal Article BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF DERMATOMYOSITIS. Get access W. J. GRIFFITHS W. J. GRIFFITHS Chemical Pathologist, St. Thomas's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 52, Issue 10, 1 October 1940, Pages 295–304, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1940.tb10828.x Published: 01 October 1940
Silica-induced apoptosis in alveolar and granulomatous cells in vivo.
Authors: J Leigh, H Wang, A Bonin, M Peters, X Ruan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Silica is a toxicant that can stimulate cells to produce various cellular products such as free radicals, cytokines, and growth factors. Silica and its induced substances may induce apoptosis to regulate the evolution of silica-induced inflammation and fibrosis. To examine this hypothesis, groups of Wistar male rats were intratracheally instilled with different doses of Min-U-Sil 5 silica (Silica, Berkeley Springs, WV). Ten days after the instillation, we obtained cells by bronchoalveolar lavage and placed them on slides by cytospin preparation. The slides were stained with Diff-Quik (Lab Aids, Sydney, NSW, Australia) and examined under oil immersion. A substantial number of cells with apoptotic features were identified in all silica-instilled rats and the apoptosis was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The number of apoptotic cells was clearly related to silica dosage. Engulfment of apoptotic cells by macrophages was also noted. Neutrophil influx in silica-instilled rats could be saturated with the increase of silica dosage and the number of macrophages in different dose groups changed in parallel with the proportion of apoptotic cells. Fifty-six days after instillation, morphologically apoptotic cells could be identified in granulomatous cells of lung tissue from silica-instilled rats. We conclude that intratracheal instillation of silica could induce apoptosis in both alveolar and granulomatous cells, and the apoptotic change and subsequent engulfment by macrophages might play a role in the evolution of silica-induced effects.
Trial of drug for trauma patients includes victims of Iraqi violence
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A major new trial will test a cheap, widely available drug that investigators hope could prevent tens of thousands of deaths from haemorrhage each year.

The trial, the clinical randomisation of an antifibrinolytic in significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2) trial, will test the effects of tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic, on mortality and need for transfusion among adult trauma patients with ongoing major haemorrhage or who have a significant risk of haemorrhage.

Among people aged between 5 years and 45 years worldwide trauma is second only to HIV and AIDS as a cause of death. Many of the three million patients …