tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Visualization of Cerebral Aneurysm on Tc-99m HMPAO Brain Perfusion Scintigram for Brain Death
Authors: RAKESH SHAH, STEFAN MIRON, D BRUCE SODEE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 58-year-old previously healthy woman without a history of trauma was brought to the emergency room unconscious, intubated, and unresponsive with both pupils fixed and dilated (Glasgow coma score 2-3) after collapsing in her office. Emergent CT scan showed a 2.5-cm giant aneurysm at the bifurcation of the right internal carotid artery with associated large subarachnoid hemorrhage. A Tc-99m hexamethlypropylene amineoxime (HMPAO) brain perfusion scan demonstrated radiotracer activity in the region of the giant aneurysm with no demonstrable cerebral or cerebellar hemispheric activity. A repeat Tc-99m HMPAO scan 24 hours later showed complete absence of radiotracer activity in the cerebral or cerebellar hemispheres, including the region of the giant aneurysm, and so the patient was diagnosed as brain dead.
Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema
Authors: Jack W. Trigo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

ANGIONEUROTIC edema is a disorder characterized by intermittent local swelling of the skin, the respiratory mucous membranes, the gastrointestinal tract, occasionally the brain and the urogenital canals. It may be sporadic or hereditary, and patients so afflicted are subject to sudden death from acute laryngeal edema. The sporadic variety of the disorder is on an allergic basis, and these patients usually respond to sympathomimetic amines, antihistamines, adrenal steroids and other forms of antiallergic therapy. The hereditary variety is not allergic in origin and is considerably more difficult to treat. Recurrent abdominal crises are common in both groups and, unless properly . . .
Sequential noninvasive measurement of relative blood volumein surviving myocardium of infarcted rat hearts: A NMR-relaxometry study in intact animals
Authors: W.R. Bauer, K.-H. Hiller, F. Roder, E. Rommel, P. Gaudron, K. Hu, A. Broich, S. Neubauer, A. Haase, G. Ertl
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
A NEEDLE HOLDER FOR FRENCH NEEDLES
Authors: Deryl Hart
Journal: JAMA (1928)

It is at times highly desirable to place sutures with a small round needle which is easy to thread and still does not make a hole that is larger than will be filled with the suture, thus preventing any bleeding from the puncture wound and causing the minimal trauma. On account of the danger of extradural hemorrhage from this source, it has for a number of years been the custom in the neurologic service to close the galea with silk on number 3 French needles, since they most satisfactorily fulfil these requirements. The greatest difficulty with this procedure was to get a clamp which would hold the needle firmly enough and at the same time not break it by flattening. Broad pointed clamps were most satisfactory but were likewise most apt to break the needle. Even with these, however, the needle would frequently slide, so that it passed through the clamp obliquely instead of at right angles, and would also rotate through as much as 180 degrees, so that the direction of the point
Drugs Five Years Later
Authors: WILLIAM B. KREMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Cytarabine is an effective agent in the treatment of acute leukemia. Since its approval by The Food and Drug Administration in 1969, the clinical effectiveness of this drug has increased as knowledge of its pharmacologic and biologic properties has been translated into clinical trials. A complete remission rate of greater than 50% can be achieved when cytarabine is used in combination with other agents in the treatment of adult acute myeloblastic leukemia. Remissions occur only after the development of significant bone-marrow hypoplasia, and the care of patients through this period of pancytopenia requires elaborate supportive techniques and facilities. The role of cytarabine in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma is still under clinical investigation and appears promising. Because the clinical effectiveness of cytarabine in the treatment of nonmalignant diseases has not been proved, its use in these disorders must be considered investigational and weighed against the serious bone-marrow suppression and potential long-term hazards of this drug.
STUDIES ON NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS
Authors: F. B. Bang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

1. It is likely that certain tailed and filamentous particles seen on electron microscope examination of partially purified saline suspensions of Newcastle virus are the individual virus particles because: (a) They have a highly characteristic shape not seen in other virus preparations. (b) They are present whenever the virus is present in high concentration. (c) Their size agrees with the size of the virus as calculated from light scattering and centrifuge data. (d) They are agglutinated by specific antisera. (e) Infection may be produced in the embryo by relatively few of these particles. 2. It is possible that these filamentous forms have been derived from spherical forms without loss of activity because: (a) Such filamentous forms are not found in the original allantoic fluid when this contains a comparable amount of virus. (b) Filamentous forms appeared in the original allantoic fluid when it was dialyzed against saline solution. (c) Filamentous forms were produced at certain hydrogen ion concentrations but not at others, in solutions maintaining the same infectivity for the embryo. (d) Spherical forms were obtained by suspending the partially purified virus in water instead of saline. In this the virus remained moderately stable. (e) These round forms could apparently be converted into tailed and filamentous forms by the addition of saline, again without loss of activity. (f) This "conversion" could be inhibited by partial inactivation of the water suspension of virus.
Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variation in Diabetic Patients With Neuropathic Foot Ulceration
Authors: Yoshimasa Aso, Yukio Fujiwara, Toshihiko Inukai, Yoshihiro Takemura
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between diabetic autonomic neuropathy and diabetic neuropathic foot ulceration, we used power spectral analysis (PSA) of heart rate variation, which provides the accurate simultaneous quantification of parasympathetic and sympathetic activities, to assess autonomic function in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 55 NIDDM patients including 10 diabetic patients without neuropathy, 23 diabetic patients with neuropathy and no history of foot ulceration, and 22 diabetic patients with neuropathic foot ulceration. We performed PSA of 100 R-R intervals at rest and analyzed the results by fast Fourier transformation. RESULTS The low frequency (LF) power, which reflects sympathetic activity, and the high frequency (HF) power, which reflects parasympathetic (vagal) activity, were inversely correlated with the duration of diabetes and the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. By multiple regression analysis, the FPG remained with significant influence on both LF and HF powers. The LF and HF powers were positively correlated with motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) in the upper and lower limbs and the coefficient of variation of R-R intervals. The LF and HF powers were significantly reduced in patients with neuropathy and patients with foot ulceration compared with patients without neuropathy. Although the median MCV and SCV were similar between diabetic patients with neuropathy and patients with foot ulceration, both the LF and HF powers were significantly decreased in patients with foot ulceration compared with patients with neuropathy. There was no difference in the value of the LF:HF ratio, an index of sympathovagal balance, among three subgroups. We observed a positive correlation between LF and HF power in all subjects; however, the LF and HF powers were not correlated in the subgroups of patients with foot ulceration. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that diabetic patients with neuropathic foot ulceration have a greater impairment in spectral indexes of autonomic activity obtained by PSA than patients with neuropathy and no history of foot ulceration, whereas no difference was present in nerve conduction velocities.
LIGHT AND SEATING IN THE SCHOOL.
Authors: C. ZIMMERMANN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Although we know that our vision very closely depends in its acuity on the degree of illumination, we have not arrived at establishing a definite law as to the relation of sight and intensity of light which might be formulated in mathematical terms. Experiments were made in that direction as early as 1754, by the celebrated astronomer, Tobias Mayer, of Goettingen. He changed the distances of a candle from ½ to 13 feet from certain systems of lines, and ascertained the distances in which he still could see them. From this he calculated the visual angles and found them, that is, the vision, at an inverted ratio to the sixth roots of the intensities of light. One hundred years later Aubert found that vision increases at a little faster rate than the logarithms of the intensities of light. Another method, adopted by Schmidt-Rimpler, Carp and Cohn, was to note the
Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Authors: Frederic L. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The critical commentary by Dr. John H. Moyer, (<b>200</b>:454, 1967) fails to present an accurate picture of the efforts to increase the numbers of trained clinical pharmacologists by the National Institutes of Health in general, and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) in particular. We feel that it is essential to correct some of the misstatements of fact which he presented. Public Law 87-838, Section 442, provides for the establishment of the NIGMS for the "conduct and support of research and research training" in health-related sciences. Under this law the Institute may not support training in "drug testing" except as it may be an adjunct to other aspects of training for professional careers, nor does its mission include support for "drug screening" programs. Dr. Moyer's editorial manipulation of an alleged quotation of a NIGMS staff member makes it sound as though this legal restriction
1186 BASELINE VITAMIN D LEVELS DO NOT INFLUENCE SVR IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HCV GENOTYPE 1 OR 4 INFECTION UNDERGOING PEGINTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN TREATMENT
Authors: R.E. Stauber, T. Scherzer, C. Putz-Bankuti, J. Matejka, W. Spindelboeck, K. Zinober, S. Bernhardt, E. Wehr, T. Stojakovic, H.H. Kessler, P. Ferenci, B. Obermayer-Pietsch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Neonatal hypothyroidism affects the timely expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein in the rat brain.
Authors: A Rodriguez-Peña, N Ibarrola, M A Iñiguez, A Muñoz, J Bernal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Congenital hypothyroidism strongly affects myelination. To assess the role of thyroid hormone on myelin gene expression, we have studied the effect of hypothyroidism on the steady state levels of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and its mRNA in rat brain during the first postnatal month. As studied by immunoblot analysis of several brain regions, MAG increased from days 10-15 onwards, reaching constant levels by days 20-25. Hypothyroid samples showed a delay in the accumulation of MAG that was more severe in rostral regions, such as cortex and hippocampus. The effect of hypothyroidism on the accumulation of the protein correlated with mRNA levels. MAG mRNA started to accumulate in the cerebrum of normal animals by postnatal day 7, reaching maximal levels by day 20. Hypothyroid rats showed a delay of several days in the onset of mRNA expression, increasing thereafter at the same rate as in normal animals, and eventually reaching similar values. When individual brain regions were analyzed, we found strong regional differences in the effect of hypothyroidism. The cerebral cortex was most affected, with messenger levels lower than in normal animals at all ages. In more caudal regions differences between control and hypothyroid rats were evident only at the earlier stages of myelination, with spontaneous recovery at later ages. By run on analysis, we found no differences in transcriptional activities of the MAG gene in normal, hypothyroid, or T4-treated rats. Therefore, the effects of hypothyroidism on MAG mRNA and protein levels were most likely caused by decreased mRNA stability. We propose that thyroid hormone contributes to enhanced myelin gene expression by affecting the stability of newly transcribed mRNA in the early phases of myelination.
A Pharmacologic and Toxicological Study of Amygdalin
Authors: Charles G. Moertel
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Six patients with advanced cancer were treated with amygdalin (laetrile) at dosages similar to those employed by laetrile practitioners. Amygdalin given intravenously at 4.5 g/sq m/day was largely excreted unchanged in the urine and produced no clinical or laboratory evidence of toxic reaction. Amygdalin given orally at 0.5 g three times daily produced significant blood cyanide levels to 2.1 microgram/mL. No clinical or laboratory evidence of toxic reaction was seen in the six patients taking oral amygdalin at this dosage. One patient, however, challenged with a large intake of raw almonds, had transient symptoms of cyanide toxic reaction with escalating blood cyanide levels. This small study indicates that amygdalin in the doses employed produces few clinical side effects. A definite hazard of cyanide toxic reaction must be assumed, however, and possible long-term side effects remain unknown.
Fatal Hepatitis Probably Due to Indomethacin
Authors: Weston M. Kelsey
Journal: JAMA (1967)

FATAL TOXIC HEPATITIS developed in a 12-year-old boy while receiving indomethacin (Indocin). <h3>Report of a Case</h3> This 12-year-old Negro boy (NCBH 39-32-27) was first seen at the North Carolina Baptist Hospital at the age of 11 years, because of severe juvenile rheumatoid disease of undetermined duration. Although he had severe deforming arthritis at that time, the precipitating cause for admission on July 7, 1964, was severe anemia. The presence of many hypersegmented polymorphonuclear leukocytes, an increased excretion of formiminoglutamic acid, and his response to folic acid suggested a folic acid deficiency. His bilirubin level was 0.2 mg/100 ml and his cholesterol value was 141 mg/100 ml. Treatment with prednisone was instituted since he was in so much pain that attempts at physical therapy failed. The activity of his disease decreased so that ambulation became possible. He was discharged on July 24, 1964. On January 5, 1965, his sedimentation rate was
P4-02-08: Obesity-Induced Aromatase Expression in the Breast Microenvironment Promotes Estrogen Receptor Activity Independent of Circulating Estradiol Levels.
Authors: LW Bowers, AJ Brenner, R Li, RR Tekmal, LA deGraffenried
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Epidemiological studies indicate that obesity increases the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer by approximately 50%. In the past, researchers have hypothesized that elevated estrogen synthesis by the peripheral adipose tissue may be the principal mediator of breast tumorigenesis in this population, which primarily develops estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive breast cancer. However, obesity is also accompanied by an elevation in growth factor and cytokine signaling, and these pathways have been linked to tumorigenesis. In addition, certain growth factor and cytokine family members can promote aromatase expression in both the epithelial and stromal tumor compartments. Consequently, we hypothesized that obesity increases the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer via elevated aromatase expression and/or activity in the local mammary tissue. To test our hypothesis, we investigated how ERa activity in mammary epithelial cells was influenced by adipose stromal cells (ASC) cultured under obesity-associated conditions, including high cell density and exposure to elevated levels of circulating growth factors and cytokines. For the latter condition, sera was obtained from postmenopausal women, pooled by BMI category (lean: 18.5−24.9; obese: ≥30), and applied to the ASC, which were originally derived from women undergoing reduction mammoplasty. High ASC density was achieved via the protocol previously published by Dr. Li. Preliminary data indicated that both elevated cell density and sera from obese postmenopausal women induces greater aromatase expression in ASC, indicating that multiple factors may be contributing to the increased local aromatase expression seen with obesity. We are currently exploring the signaling pathways responsible for obesity's upregulation of ASC aromatase expression and will present these results at the meeting. Intriguingly, exposure to conditioned media from both the high density and obese sera-exposed ASC enhanced ERa activity in MCF-7 mammary epithelial cells, independent from exogenous estradiol but dependent on the presence of androgens, suggesting an important role for the aromatase enzyme in this observation. To expand on this finding, we plan to investigate the effect of ASC conditioned media on different markers of cancer aggression, including proliferation and survival, and assess the degree to which these effects depend on estradiol. Through further examination of obesity's impact on signaling pathways in both the epithelial and stromal tumor compartments, we ultimately hope to identify more effective chemopreventive and therapeutic regimens for the high-risk obese postmenopausal population. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-08.
Carcinoma of the Lung Misinterpreted as Pulmonary Sequestration on Contrast CT But Correctly Identified on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Bi-Fang Lee, Han-Yu Chang, Jing-Jou Yan, Nan-Tsing Chiu, Yau-Lin Tseng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

The chest x-ray of a 68-year-old man with a history of cough with blood-tinged sputum showed an abnormality in the right lower lung. Contrast-enhanced CT favored pulmonary sequestration with a feeding artery from the right inferior phrenic artery and a drainage vein into the right pulmonary vein. He had shortness of breath and chest tightness, which prompted an FDG PET/CT study to evaluate the nature of the mass. The images revealed abnormal FDG accumulation in a right lower lung mass and a mediastinal lymph node. Therefore, a possible diagnosis of lung carcinoma with mediastinal lymph node metastasis was suggested. A right lower lobe lobectomy was performed. Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinoma with mediastinal lymph node metastases was diagnosed (stage IIIA by AJCC, T2N2).
TCT-389 Acute and 6-Month Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes of the First-In-Human Experiences with the Implantation of a Novel Catheter-based Ventricular Partitioning Device in Patients with Ischemic Heart Failure and Dilated Left Ventricle
Authors: Marco Costa, Martyn Thomas, Hüseyin Ince, Christoph Nienaber, Andrejs Erglis, Sinisa Gradinac, Vasco Gama, Rui Ferreira, Ernest Mazzaferri, Horst Sievert, Igor Gregoric, Charles Davidson, Peter Berger, Albrecht Elsässer, Ron Waksman, Frank Smart, William Albernathy, William Abraham
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Recombinant human C1-inhibitor prevents acute antibody-mediated rejection in alloimmunized baboons
Authors: Xavier Tillou, Nicolas Poirier, Stéphanie Le Bas-Bernardet, Jeremy Hervouet, David Minault, Karine Renaudin, Fabio Vistoli, Georges Karam, Mohamed Daha, Jean Paul Soulillou, Gilles Blancho
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Tumour necrosis factor blocking agents and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Alper M van Sijl, Izhar C van Eijk, Mike J L Peters, Erik H Serné, Irene E van der Horst-Bruinsma, Yvo M Smulders, Michael T Nurmohamed
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk that might be due to the chronic underlying inflammatory process. We investigated whether subclinical atherosclerosis of the carotid artery in patients with AS was reduced after anti-inflammatory treatment with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors in a prospective observational cohort study.67 out of 81 AS patients who used TNF inhibitors and underwent ultrasonography at baseline returned for follow-up after 4.9 years. Of all patients, 12 (15%) discontinued the use of TNF inhibitors. Assessments of medication use, AS-related factors and cardiovascular risk factors were measured at baseline and repeated at follow-up. B-mode carotid ultrasonography was used to investigate arterial wall parameters, including carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and Young's elastic modulus (YEM).After a median 4.9 years of follow-up, cIMT did not change significantly (paired t test +0.011 mm, p=0.561) in those who continued the use of TNF inhibitors, while cIMT increased substantially (+0.057 mm, p=0.069) in those who did not continue their use of TNF inhibitors. The effect of TNF inhibitors was mainly mediated by a subsequent decrease in AS disease activity. Vascular elasticity (as measured with YEM) did not change significantly in patients who discontinued TNF inhibitors or those who continued TNF inhibitors.The use of TNF inhibitors might stabilise or slow down the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in AS patients, reflecting a decreased cardiovascular risk in these patients.
Abstract 2352: GSK3b can phosphorylate Slug and modulate cancer metastasis
Authors: Shih-Han Kao, Wen-Long Wang, Tse-Ming Hong, Pan-Chyr Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Metastasis is a process complicated by multiple factors and genetic events. Slug, a Snail/Slug family transcription factor, promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process pivotal in development and tumor invasion and migration. Thus, how to regulate Slug may be useful in treating or preventing tumor metastasis in cancer. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a Serine/Threonine selective kinase and may regulate a broad range of cellular functions. It has been shown that GSK-3β is mostly inactivated in epithelial cancers and hence may enhance the stability of various oncogenic transcription factors. Recently, we have found that GSK-3β can interact with Slug protein, implying Slug as a possible phosphorylation substrate of GSK-3β. We confirm that GSK-3β can phosphorylate Slug by mutating the consensus motif of GSK-3β phosphorylation sites within the Slug protein (S/TxxxS/T) in the in vitro kinase assay. The cycloheximide-chase assay showed that the phosphorylation mutant (4SA) was more stable than the wild-type counterpart (wtSlug). Moreover, the wtSlug protein became more stable in the presence of kinase-dead GSK-3β or when GSK-3β was knocked down, suggesting that Slug may be more labile under GSK-3β phosphorylation. To further study whether the functions of Slug are affected by GSK-3β-induced phosphorylation, we carried out the luciferase assay and the preliminary data show that the 4SA mutant retains the transcription repression activity but is less sensitive to GSK-3β treatment. The downstream effector of EMT, E-cadherin, was repressed in HEK293/wtSlug and HEK293/4SA. More functional assays are needed to confirm that GSK-3β-induced Slug phosphorylation is involved in cancer progression. Overall, this study may provide the molecular mechanism by which the GSK-3β/Slug pathway regulates cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2352. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2352
537 LOW VOLUME HYDRODYNAMIC GENE DELIVERY TO RAT LIVER VIA AN ISOLATED SEGMENT OF THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA: EFFICIENCY, CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AND INTRAHEPATIC VASCULAR DYNAMICS
Authors: G.J. Sawyer, A. Grehan, X. Dong, M. Whitehorne, M. Seddon, A.M. Shah, X. Zhang, S. Salehi, J.W. Fabre
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)