tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fatal Jarish-Herxheimer Reaction with Sudden Aneurysmal Dilatation and Complete Bronchial Occlusion Following Penicillin Therapy
Authors: William C. L. Diefenbach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

IN 1895 Jarish1 observed after treatment with mercury an accentuation of the syphilitic roseola, and in 1902 Herxheimer2 described a reaction of the various syphilitic manifestations following the use of mercury. He suggested a hypersusceptibility of the treponemes to mercury and believed that the reaction was caused by endotoxins liberated upon death of the spirochetes.The demonstration by Mahoney, Arnold and Harris3 and others that syphilitic lesions undergo rapid involution under penicillin therapy suggested the use of this drug in the treatment of cardiovascular syphilis. Various reports of therapeutic shock following the use of penicillin in late syphilis have appeared . . .
Documenting Biospecimen Conditions in Reports of Studies
Authors: James A. Robb
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply to M. Moore et al
Authors: Otis W. Brawley, Lisa A. Newman, Derek Raghavan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

We agree with Moore et al 1 that solutions to disparities in health extend far beyond access to care.Indeed, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) position statement calls for more research in order to elucidate all the factors influencing disparate outcomes and their solutions, and ASCO has already committed funding, in association with the Susan G. Komen Foundation, to support research initiatives in this domain.Many of the solutions for disease-specific disparities also reside to varying degrees within the purview of social science, laboratory science, and nursing research.An emphasis on access is nonetheless warranted, because many individuals in the health care system remain insensitive to inequities in the health care delivery system, and because differences in access are a common denominator in the multifactorial causes of outcome disparities in general.Numerous studies have demonstrated that those without access, because of lack of insurance and other factors, are less likely to get preventive services to include counseling on healthy behaviors and tend to receive treatment late or not at all.Furthermore, we question the statement that it is reasonable to make direct comparisons of public and private patients in the fashion proposed by Moore et al. 1 In reality, the Australian health care and hospital system is more complex than intimated in their letter to the editor, and many additional factors contribute to differences in care between public and private patients within the Australian health care system.Quite clearly, when one views the access of Aborigines to health care in Australia, there are some discrepancies that closely mimic the issues that we have identified in our position statement, although we do agree that different comorbidities remain a factor in both continents.Where we have complete consensus is that disparities of cancer care remain an international problem, predicated by different emphases in different countries, and that this issue should be a focal point in any national or international health care debate.
Acute Thyroid Poisoning
Authors: Richard P. Levy, William G. Gilger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

ALTHOUGH desiccated thyroid is a widely dispensed medication, reports concerning its acute toxicity are sparse. Stanage and Henske,1 studying a series of 472 accidental poisonings in childhood, stated that thyroid was the third most common medication accidentally ingested, but they made no comment regarding any untoward effects that were observed. Jahr2 described 3 children, ranging in age from twenty months to three years, who accidentally took between 2.3 and 2.8 gm. of thyroid without marked side effects. Danowski and his co-workers3 have given large single doses of 1-thyroxine, equivalent to 0.128 gm. (or 2 gr.) of thyroid per kilogram of . . .
D-glucose-induced dysmorphogenesis of embryonic kidney.
Authors: Y S Kanwar, Z Z Liu, A Kumar, M I Usman, J Wada, E I Wallner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

An organ culture system was used to study the effect of D-glucose on embryonic kidneys, and to delineate the mechanism(s) relevant to their dysmorphogenesis. Metanephroi were cultured in the presence of 30 mM D-glucose. A notable reduction in the size and population of nephrons was observed. Ureteric bud branches were rudimentary and the acuteness of their tips, the site of nascent nephron formation, was lost. Metanephric mesenchyme was atrophic, had reduced cell replication, and contained numerous apoptotic cells. Competitive reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses and immunoprecipitation studies indicated a decrease in expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (perlecan). Status of activated protein-2 was evaluated since its binding motifs are present in the promoter region of the perlecan gene. Decreased binding activity of activated protein-2, related to its phosphorylation, was observed. D-glucose-treated explants also had reduced levels of cellular ATP. Exogenous administration of ATP restored the altered metanephric morphology and reduced [35S]sulfate-incorporated radioactivity associated with perlecan. The data suggest that D-glucose adversely affects the metanephrogenesis by perturbing various cellular phosphorylation events involved in the transcriptional and translational regulation of perlecan. Since perlecan modulates epithelial/mesenchymal interactions, its deficiency may have led to the metanephric dysmorphogenesis and consequential atrophy of the mesenchyme exhibiting accelerated apoptosis.
Induction of specific antitumor immunity in the mouse with the electrofusion product of tumor cells and dendritic cells
Authors: William M Siders, Kristin L Vergilis, Carrie Johnson, Jacqueline Shields, Johanne M Kaplan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells capable of inducing primary T-cell responses. Several immunotherapy treatment strategies involve manipulation of DCs, both in vivo and ex vivo, to promote the immunogenic presentation of tumor-associated antigens. In this study, an electrofusion protocol was developed to induce fusion between tumor cells and allogeneic bone marrow-derived DCs. Preimmunization with irradiated electrofusion product was found to provide partial to complete protection from tumor challenge in the murine Renca renal cell carcinoma model and the B16 and M3 melanoma models. Vaccinated survivors developed specific immunological memory and were able to reject a subsequent rechallenge with the same tumor cells but not a syngeneic unrelated tumor line. Antitumor protection in the B16 model was accompanied by the development of a polyclonal cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response against defined melanoma-associated antigens. The therapeutic potential of this type of approach was suggested by the ability of a Renca-DC electrofusion product to induce tumor rejection in a substantial percentage of hosts (60%) bearing pre-established tumor cells. These results indicate that treatment with electrofused tumor cells and allogeneic DCs is capable of inducing a potent antitumor response and could conceivably be applied to a wide range of cancer indications for which tumor-associated antigens have not been identified.
Short term outcomes after extreme preterm birth in England: comparison of two birth cohorts in 1995 and 2006 (the EPICure studies)
Authors: K. L. Costeloe, E. M. Hennessy, S. Haider, F. Stacey, N. Marlow, E. S. Draper
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To determine survival and neonatal morbidity for babies born between 22 and 26 weeks’ gestation in England during 2006, and to evaluate changes in outcome since 1995 for babies born between 22 and 25 weeks’ gestation. <b>Design</b> Prospective national cohort studies. <b>Setting</b> Maternity and neonatal units in England. <b>Participants</b> 3133 births between 22 and 26 weeks’ gestation in 2006; 666 admissions to neonatal units in 1995 and 1115 in 2006 of babies born between 22 and 25 weeks’ gestation. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Survival to discharge from hospital, pregnancy and delivery outcomes, infant morbidity until discharge. <b>Results</b> In 2006, survival of live born babies was 2% (n=3) for those born at 22 weeks’ gestation, 19% (n=66) at 23 weeks, 40% (n=178) at 24 weeks, 66% (n=346) at 25 weeks, and 77% (n=448) at 26 weeks (P&lt;0.001). At discharge from hospital, 68% (n=705) of survivors had bronchopulmonary dysplasia (receiving supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks postmenstrual age), 13% (n=135) had evidence of serious abnormality on cerebral ultrasonography, and 16% (n=166) had laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. For babies born between 22 and 25 weeks’ gestation from March to December, the number of admissions for neonatal care increased by 44%, from 666 in 1995 to 959 in 2006. By 2006 adherence to evidence based practice associated with improved outcome had significantly increased. Survival increased from 40% to 53% (P&lt;0.001) overall and at each week of gestation: by 9.5% (confidence interval −0.1% to 19%) at 23 weeks, 12% (4% to 20%) at 24 weeks, and 16% (9% to 23%) at 25 weeks. The proportions of babies surviving in 2006 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, major cerebral scan abnormality, or weight and/or head circumference &lt;−2 SD were similar to those in 1995, but the proportion treated for retinopathy of prematurity had increased from 13% to 22% (P=0.006). Predictors of mortality and morbidity were similar in both cohorts. <b>Conclusion</b> Survival of babies born between 22 and 25 weeks’ gestation has increased since 1995 but the pattern of major neonatal morbidity and the proportion of survivors affected are unchanged. These observations reflect an important increase in the number of preterm survivors at risk of later health problems.
Chemodynamics: transport and behavior of chemicals in the environment--a problem in environmental health.
Authors: V H Freed, C T Chiou, R Haque
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

In the manufacture and use of the several thousand chemicals employed by technological societies, portions of these chemicals escape or are intentionally introduced into the environment. The behavior, fate, and to some extent the effects produced by these chemicals are a result of a complex interaction of the properties of the chemical with the various processes governing transport, degradation, sequestration, and uptake by organisms. In addition, such processes as adsorption, evaporation, partitioning, and degradation are influenced by ambient conditions of temperature, air movement, moisture, presence of other chemicals, and the concentration and properties of the subject chemicals. These influence the level and extent of exposure to these chemicals that man might receive. Study of the physiochemical properties and extent of exposure to these chem;cals that man might receive. Study of the physiochemical properties of compounds in relation to these various processes has provided a basis for better understanding of the quantitative behavior. Such information is useful in development of predictive models on behavior and fate of the chemicals in relation to human exposure. Beyond this, it provides information that could be used to devise procedures of manufacture, use, and disposal that would minimize environmental contamination. Some of the physical principles involved in chemodynamics are presented in this review.
Usefulness of Scintimammography With Tc-99m MIBI in Clinical Practice
Authors: Luca Filippi, Angelo Pulcini, Silvia Remediani, Emanuela Masci, Adriano Redler, Francesco Scopinaro, Giuseppe De Vincentis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Radiographic mammography (MM) is routinely used to diagnose breast cancer. MM has a number of well-known limitations, especially in cases of a dense or dysplastic breast. Scintimammography (SM) with Tc-99m MIBI has been successfully used as a useful complement to MM. The authors report a case of a 57-year-old woman with MM with tiny calcifications in the left breast, which were classified by the radiologist as probably benign lesions. SM with Tc-99m MIBI showed a focal area of increased uptake in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. On the basis of SM results, an excisional biopsy was performed and pathologic examination revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma.
The Role of Histone Demethylase KDM4B in Myc Signaling in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Jun Yang, Alaa M. AlTahan, Dongli Hu, Yingdi Wang, Pei-Hsin Cheng, Christopher L. Morton, Chunxu Qu, Amit C. Nathwani, Jason M. Shohet, Theodore Fotsis, Jan Koster, Rogier Versteeg, Hitoshi Okada, Adrian L. Harris, Andrew M. Davidoff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Epigenetic alterations, such as histone methylation, modulate Myc signaling, a pathway central to oncogenesis. We investigated the role of the histone demethylase KDM4B in N-Myc–mediated neuroblastoma pathogenesis. Spearman correlation was performed to correlate MYCN and KDM4B expression. RNA interference, microarray analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to define the functions of KDM4B. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were used to assess protein-protein interactions between N-Myc and KDM4B. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to assess the binding of Myc targets. Constitutive and inducible lentiviral-mediated KDM4B knockdown with shRNA was used to assess the effects on tumor growth. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the prognostic value of KDM4B expression. All statistical tests were two-sided. KDM4B and MYCN expression were found to be statistically significantly correlated in a variety of cancers, including neuroblastoma (R = 0.396, P < .001). Functional studies demonstrated that KDM4B regulates the Myc pathway. N-Myc was found to physically interact with and recruit KDM4B. KDM4B was found to regulate neuroblastoma cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro and xenograft growth in vivo (5 mice/group, two-tailed t test, P ≤ 0.001). Finally, together with MYCN amplification, KDM4B was found to stratify a subgroup of poor-prognosis patients (122 case patients, P < .001). Our findings provide insight into the epigenetic regulation of Myc via histone demethylation and proof-of-concept for inhibition of histone demethylases to target Myc signaling in cancers such as neuroblastoma.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE MECHANISM OF DRUG ACTION: A STUDY IN PHARMACO-DYNAMICS
Authors: O. C. M. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1922)

M Tx BRimsw I __22_ 40 minims (2-c.cm.), and an adult dose should be from.50 to 80 minims (3 to 5 c.cm.), according.to the size of the patient., YFinally, chenopodium is soluble in carbon tetrachloride, and a mixture of one part of the former in four.of.t4e latter sliould prove to be efficient for the expulsion of Ascari8 Zumbricoide8.Our thanks are due to Dr.
Abnormalities of the Central Visual Pathways in Prader–Willi Syndrome Associated with Hypopigmentation
Authors: Donnell J. Creel, Catherine M. Bendel, Georgia L. Wiesner, Jonathan D. Wirtschafter, Diane C. Arthur, Richard A. King
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Patients with oculocutaneous or ocular albinism have misrouting of optic fibers, with fibers from 20 degrees or more of the temporal retina crossing at the chiasm Instead of projecting to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Misrouting can result in strabismus and nystagmus. Because patients with the Prader–Willi syndrome may also have hypopigmentation and strabismus, we wondered whether they too might have misrouting of optic fibers. We therefore studied six patients with Prader–Willi syndrome selected for a history of strabismus, using pattern-onset visually evoked potentials with binocular and monocular Stimulation to look for evidence of misrouted retinal-ganglion fibers. Four had hypopigmentation, and three of these four had abnormal evoked potentials indistinguishable from those recorded in human albinos. The two with normal pigmentation had normal responses. These findings indicate that patients with Prader–Willi syndrome who have hypopigmentation have a brain abnormality characterized by mlsrouting of retinal-ganglion fibers at the optic chiasm — a finding previously reported only in forms of albinism. (N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1606–9.)
ABC of psychological medicine: Beginning treatment
Authors: J. Price
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Jonathan Price is clinical tutor in psychiatry in the department of psychiatry, University of Oxford. Laurence Leaver is general practitioner at Jericho Health Centre, Oxford.



The ABC of psychological medicine is edited by Richard Mayou, professor of psychiatry, University of Oxford; Michael Sharpe, reader in psychological medicine, University of Edinburgh; and Alan Carson, consultant neuropsychiatrist, NHS Lothian, and honorary senior lecturer, University of Edinburgh. The series will be published as a book in winter 2002.
Ischemic-type biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Luis Sanchez-Urdazpal, Gregory J. Gores, Ellen M. Ward, Timothy P. Maus, Erik H. Wahlstrom, Breanndan S. Moore, Russell H. Wiesner, Ruud A.F. Krom
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Nonanastomotic biliary strictures that involve only the biliary tree of the graft occur after orthotopic liver transplantation in patients with hepatic artery thrombosis, chronic ductopenic rejection and ABO blood group incompatibility. This complication may also occur in the absence of these known risk factors. The major focus of our study was to evaluate the risk factors for nonanastomotic biliary stricturing of unknown cause after orthotopic liver transplantation. Results demonstrate that the development of biliary strictures is strongly associated with the duration of cold ischemic storage of allografts in both Euro-Collins solution and University of Wisconsin solution. Results also demonstrate that strictures are not associated with the type of biliary reconstruction, the primary liver disease, cytomegalovirus infection, allograft rejection or the presence of a positive lymphocytotoxic crossmatch. More recently, we have markedly reduced the occurrence of nonanastomotic biliary stricturing by decreasing the ischemia time of our allografts. Thus nonanastomotic biliary strictures appear to be the result of the ischemia/reperfusion-induced tissue injury associated with the harvest and implantation of allografts.
VIREMIA IN HUMAN POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Dorothy M. Horstmann, Robert W. McCollum, Anne D. Mascola
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

Poliomyelitis virus was isolated from the blood of 6 of 33 individuals infected with a Type 1 strain. Of the 27 negative for viremia, 18 already had Type 1 antibodies. Type 1 virus was isolated from the throat swabs of all 6 who had viremia, and from the 5 rectal swabs tested. These specimens were all collected at the same time as the positive blood specimens. The clinical circumstances under which viremia was detected included the minor illness, the asymptomatic infection, and one instance in which the virus was isolated several days before the onset of a mild non-paralytic attack. In one instance, virus was isolated from a blood specimen which also contained Type 1 antibodies. The possible role of viremia in the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis is discussed.
Bahraini doctors deny anti-state activities
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Some 20 doctors have appeared on trial in Bahrain, denying charges of anti-state activities during pro-democracy protests that began in February.

They were accused of taking over and controlling the Salmaniya medical complex, Manama’s main state hospital; using violence in a government building (the hospital); and kidnapping people in the hospital and keeping them prisoner inside. 

The prosecution said that automatic weapons and ammunition were discovered in Salmaniya Hospital. The military seized control of the hospital after imposing martial law in March and arrested staff members, saying that the medical complex had become an opposition coordination centre ( BMJ …
Tissue Distribution of Human α1-Microglobulin
Authors: Kimiteru Takagi, Kohjin Kin, Yoshihisa Itoh, Tadashi Kawai, Tadashi Kasahara, Toshihiko Shimoda, Toshio Shikata
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Human alpha(1)-microglobulin was isolated from the urine of patients with tubular proteinuria, and its molecular weight was established by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 33,000 daltons. The carbohydrate content was 21.7%. Anti-alpha(1)-microglobulin serum was prepared and observed to react monospecifically in gel diffusion to purified alpha(1)-microglobulin, as well as to normal human serum and urine. Sera from the domestic chicken, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, calf, cow, goat, sheep, and horse, however, did not react to anti-alpha(1)-microglobulin serum in immunodiffusion. The lymphocyte culture supernate was found to contain alpha(1)-microglobulin. Both thymus-derived(T)- and bone marrow-derived(B)-lymphocyte culture media clearly displayed a specific precipitin line against anti-alpha(1)-microglobulin serum when tested with the Ouchterlony immunodiffusion method. The tissue distribution of alpha(1)-microglobulin was studied under immunofluorescence, and a positive staining was recognized on the lymphocyte surface. Identical staining patterns were noted on both T and B lymphocytes, though B lymphocytes took a more intense stain. It would thus seem quite possible that lymphocytes are the primary source of alpha(1)-microglobulin and that this is filtered through the glomerular basement membrane and partly reabsorbed by the renal tubules. This, then, would suggest the possibility that alpha(1)-microglobulin shares some immunological role in vivo with lymphocytes and(or) is one of the membrane proteins of lymphocytes.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus with fatal pulmonary involvement in a woman with a mesenteric Castleman tumour
Authors: None WOLFF, None KUNTE, None MESSER, None RAPPERSBERGER, None HELD, None LÖHRS, None PLEWIG, None MEURER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

A 42-year-old woman presented with oral and labial erosions, conjunctivitis, facial rash and lichenoid erythematous papules on the trunk. Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) was suspected, and a search for a neoplasm revealed an intra-abdominal Castleman tumour sized 7 × 5 × 6 cm. After removal of the Castleman tumour, the skin and mucosal inflammation gradually subsided over the next 12 months. However, due to irreversible pulmonary involvement the patient died of intractable respiratory distress 2 years after the onset of the disease. Systemic corticosteroids, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins and thalidomide were ineffective. The diagnosis of PNP was confirmed by keratinocyte antigen immunoprecipitation with the patient's serum.