tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies Probe Self-referral for Imaging
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Frankincense: systematic review
Authors: E Ernst
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective </b>To assess evidence from randomised clinical trials about the effectiveness of extracts of <i>Boswellia serrata</i> (frankincense). <b>Design</b> Systematic review. <b>Data sources</b> Electronic searches on Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Amed, and Cochrane Library. Hand searches of conference proceedings, bibliographies, and departmental files. <b>Review methods</b> All randomised clinical trials of <i>B serrata</i> extract as a treatment for any human medical condition were included and studies of <i>B serrata</i> preparations combined with other ingredients were excluded. Titles and abstracts of all retrieved articles were read and hard copies of all relevant articles were obtained. Selection of studies, data extraction and validation were done by the author. The Jadad score was used to evaluate the methodological quality of all included trials. <b>Results</b> Of 47 potentially relevant studies, seven met all inclusion criteria (five placebo controlled, two with active controls). The included trials related to asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, osteoarthritis, and collagenous colitis. Results of all trials indicated that <i>B serrata</i> extracts were clinically effective. Three studies were of good methodological quality. No serious safety issues were noted. <b>Conclusions</b> The evidence for the effectiveness of <i>B serrata</i> extracts is encouraging but not compelling.
Regular Chlamydia screening recommended
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Sexually active teenage girls should be screened for Chlamydia trachomatis infection every six months, not every 12 months as recommended, according to a study by US researchers published in JAMA (1998;280:521-6). High rates of infection and re-infection put young girls at risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy.

The study's leader, Dr Gale Burstein, a paediatric and adolescent medicine specialist at Johns Hopkins …
Screening for Colorectal Cancer in a Hungarian County
Authors: L. Ujszászy, G. Prónay, Gy. Nagy, J. Kovács, J. Libor, K. Minik
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

An initial screening for colorectal cancer in asymptomatic adults was performed with Haemoccult in 26,357 persons, rigid rectoscopy in 10,673 and flexible sigmoidoscopy in 3,963 persons. The rate of cancer detection was 4.4% in screenees with a positive Haemoccult test, 0.08% using rigid rectoscopy and 0.28% using flexible sigmoidoscopy. The respective frequency of patients discovered to have polyps was 16.2%, 1.32% and 8.49%. 77% of the 36 colorectal cancers detected due to the Haemoccult test program were either Dukes A or B. A comparison of these screening results indicates that Haemoccult screening markedly increases the yield of colorectal neoplasms when asymptomatic persons are examined. This screening should be repeated annually to reduce the morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer.
Abstract 3795: Mitochondrial complex I modulation regulates autophagy and breast cancer progression
Authors: Antonio Fernandez Santidrian, Byoung B. Seo, Akemi Matsuno-Yagi, Takao Yagi, Brunhilde Felding-Habermann
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Tumor cells express altered metabolic activities often linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Such mitochondrial defects can inhibit oxidative phosphorylation, change the cellular redox state (NAD+/NADH), increase production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cause DNA damage that further supports tumorigenesis and a metastatic phenotype. Our study identified mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) as a modulator of tumorigenesis and metastatic progression in breast cancer. We used NDI1, the NADH dehydrogenase from yeast, to augment complex I activity in metastatic human breast cancer cells. The NDI1 protein is known to integrate into the inner mitochondrial membrane of mammalian cells, function as NADH dehydrogenase, pass electrons into the respiratory chain, and thereby fully augment intrinsic complex I activity. Thus, NDI1 identifies critical involvement of complex I NADH dehydrogenase activity in cellular functions that are altered upon its expression. We investigated a panel of aggressive human breast cancer cell lines, including MDA-MB 231, and found that augmentation of NADH dehydrogenase activity through NDI1 resulted in an enhanced NAD+/NADH ratio and inhibition of ROS production. Most importantly, NDI1 expression inhibited metastasis and tumor growth in the mammary fad pad of immune deficient mice, seen by non-invasive imaging and histology. The same effects were achieved by treatment with NAD precursors, demonstrating that normalization of the NAD+/NADH ratio is critical for inhibition of breast cancer progression. We found that the underlying mechanism is based on activation of PTEN, inhibition of the AKT/mTOR survival pathway, and stimulation of autophagy. Autophagy is responsible for NDI1-mediated inhibition of breast cancer progression, as knock-down of ATG5 reversed the anti-metastatic effect of NDI1. Our results demonstrate that tumorigenesis and metastasis in breast cancer are critically influenced by mitochondrial complex I activity. We show that augmentation of tumor cell complex I function can interfere with tumor formation and breast cancer spreading through modulating the NAD+/NADH ratio. Thus, normalization of complex I function appears as a promising new target for prevention and treatment of breast progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3795. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3795
The Autophagy Inhibitor Chloroquine Overcomes the Innate Resistance of Wild-Type EGFR Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Erlotinib
Authors: Yiyu Zou, Yi-He Ling, Juan Sironi, Edward L. Schwartz, Roman Perez-Soler, Bilal Piperdi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Hepatitis C treatment in patients with kidney disease
Authors: Fabrizio Fabrizi, Alessio Aghemo, Piergiorgio Messa
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains the most common cause of liver damage in patients with kidney disease, including those on long-term dialysis. The natural history of HCV in patients on regular dialysis is not fully elucidated, but an adverse effect of HCV on survival has been noted; a novel meta-analysis of observational studies (14 studies including 145,608 unique patients) showed that the summary estimate for adjusted relative risk (all-cause mortality) was 1.35 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.25-1.47. The adjusted RR for liver disease-related death and cardiovascular mortality among maintenance dialysis patients was 3.82 (95% CI, 1.92-7.61) and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.10-1.45), respectively. It has been recommended that the decision to treat HCV in patients with chronic kidney disease be based on the potential benefits and risks of therapy, including life expectancy, candidacy for kidney transplant, and comorbidities. A pooled analysis including 494 dialysis patients on monotherapy with conventional interferon reported a summary estimate for sustained viral response and dropout rate of 39% (95% CI, 32-46) and 19% (95% CI, 13-26), respectively. All renal transplant candidates (dialysis dependent or not) with HCV should be assessed for antiviral treatment given the increased risk of progressive liver disease with immunosuppressive therapy, the increased life expectancy compared to other HCV-positive patients on dialysis, and the inability to receive interferon after transplant. Current guidelines support monotherapy with standard interferon in these patients, but modern antiviral approaches (that is, dual therapy with peg-IFN plus ribavirin) in a well-controlled setting may be an appropriate alternative.
Abstract 152: Galectin-7 increases the invasive behavior of ovarian cancer cells and promotes tumor escape
Authors: Marilyne Labrie, Maria Claudia Vladoiu, Andrée-Anne Grosset, Louis Gaboury, Yves St-Pierre
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the Western world, the second most common gynecological cancer and the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) accounts for the majority of ovarian cancers. Here, we have investigated the role of galectin-7 in EOC. Galectin-7 is an epithelial cell marker which has been shown to play an important role in the progression of many types of cancer, including breast cancer and colon cancer. Galectins play an important role in several physiological processes, including cell migration, programmed cell death and regulation of the immune response. They are also involved in a number of pathological conditions, including cancer. In fact, galectins have been shown to create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by killing helper and effector T cells. They can also bind to the surface of tumor cells to form cell surface lattice that stabilizes the expression of key growth factor receptors, thereby increasing cell growth, motility, and production of matrix metalloproteinases. Using tissue microarrays, we found that gal-7 expression increases in malignant tumors compared to normal tissues and benign tumors. Detection of galectin-7 was also more frequent in tissue samples with metastasis as compared to non-metastatic primary tumor samples. Western blot analysis showed that OVCAR-3 EOC cells secrete gal-7, while no expression was detected in COV-434, A2780 and SK-OV-3 cell lines. Treatment of EOC cells with recombinant gal-7 increased their invasive behavior through matrigel and their ability to express MMP-9, an extracellular protease which confers an invasive phenotype to cancer cells. Treatment of freshly isolated human PBMCs with gal-7 also showed gal-7 increased apoptosis of monocytes, T CD4+ and T CD8+ cells. Overall, these data provide impetus for further studies to determine the potential of gal-7 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of EOC. Citation Format: Marilyne Labrie, Maria Claudia Vladoiu, Andrée-Anne Grosset, Louis Gaboury, Yves St-Pierre. Galectin-7 increases the invasive behavior of ovarian cancer cells and promotes tumor escape. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 152. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-152
Hydrogen peroxide mediates vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression from interleukin-18–activated hepatic sinusoidal endothelium: Implications for circulating cancer cell arrest in the murine liver
Authors: Lorea Mendoza, Teresa Carrascal, Marco De Luca, Angela M. Fuentes, Clarisa Salado, Jerónimo Blanco, Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The mechanism of intrasinusoidal arrest of circulating cancer cells, which is a critical step in liver metastasis, appears to be facilitated by tumor–derived proinflammatory factors that increase sinusoidal cell adhesion receptors for cancer cells. However, how this prometastatic microenvironment is up–regulated remains unknown. Using intrasplenically injected B16 melanoma (B16M) cells, we show that the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule–1 (VCAM–1) significantly increased in hepatic sinusoidal endothelium (HSE) cells over physiologic baseline within the first 24 hours of metastatic cancer cell infiltration in the liver. This correlated with increased in vitro adhesion of B16M cells to HSE cells isolated from B16M cell-injected mice. In vivo VCAM–1 blockade with specific antibodies before B16M cell injection decreased sinusoidal retention of luciferase–transfected B16M cells by 85%, and metastasis development by 75%, indicating that VCAM–1 expression on tumor–activated HSE cells had a prometastatic contribution. Because VCAM–1 expression is oxidative stress-inducible, recombinant catalase was in vivo administered, resulting in a complete abrogation of both VCAM–1 expression and B16M cell adhesion increases in HSE cells isolated from B16M cell-injected mice. Catalase also abrogated the proadhesive response of HSE cells to B16M–conditioned medium (B16M–CM) in vitro, although this did not affect the concomitant release of major proinflammatory cytokines by HSE cells. HSE cells treated with B16M–CM released interleukin (IL)–18 via tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF–α)-dependent IL–1β in vitro. In turn, H 2 O 2 production from B16M–CM-treated HSE cells was regulated by IL–18. Thus, liver–infiltrating B16M cells activated their adhesion to HSE through a sequential process involving TNF–α-dependent IL–1β, which induced IL–18 to up–regulate VCAM–1 via H 2 O 2 . The pivotal position of H 2 O 2 was further supported by the fact that incubation of HSE cells with nontoxic concentrations of H 2 O 2 directly enhanced VCAM–1-dependent B16M cell adhesion in vitro without proinflammatory cytokine mediation, which emphasizes the key role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of liver inflammation and metastasis.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLON, SIGMOID AND RECTUM.
Authors: J. G. CARPENTER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In obscure cases of disease of the rectum and sigmoid flexure, inversion of the trunk seventy to eighty degrees, dilatation of the anus with Sims' speculum, inflation of the bowels and electric or reflected light (the former is preferable), are indispensable to a thorough ocular examination and diagnosis. In such cases I have used a rubber tube, eighteen inches long, with good results. By inversion of the trunk seventy or eighty degrees the pelvic and abdominal contents gravitate toward the diaphragm; a vacuum is formed in the rectum and sigmoid which become inflated with air under forced expiration and anus patulous and retracted with a Sims' speculum; the mucous folds are effaced, and the bowel has almost the appearance of a straight tube; on inspiration the bowel collapses and presents a curved tube, the mucous folds resuming their normal position. The upper end of the rectum is much smaller than
Purinergic signaling inhibits human acute myeloblastic leukemia cell proliferation, migration, and engraftment in immunodeficient mice
Authors: Valentina Salvestrini, Roberta Zini, Lara Rossi, Sara Gulinelli, Rossella Manfredini, Elisa Bianchi, Wanda Piacibello, Luisa Caione, Giorgia Migliardi, Maria Rosaria Ricciardi, Agostino Tafuri, Marco Romano, Simona Salati, Francesco Di Virgilio, Sergio Ferrari, Michele Baccarani, Davide Ferrari, Roberto M. Lemoli
Journal: Blood (2011)
Generalized Vaccinia treated by Convalescent Vaccinia Serum
Authors: G. Chesney, A. A. Jubb
Journal: BMJ (1944)

BRITISHof no vomiting at all, and, in those who did vomit, towards a reduction in incidence of post-operative vomiting.TABLE II Treatment Did not Vomit Vomited Toa Treatment Post-operatively Post-operatively Total Nicotinic acid .. 17 (28-8") 42 (71-2%) 59 Control .. .. 6 (20%) 24 (80%) 30 Total ... 23 66 89
Medical Journals and Medical Knowledge: Historical Essays
Authors: David A. Kronick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

We are treated here to a baker's dozen of interesting and stimulating essays on medical journalism in Great Britain and the United States over a period of 300 years, beginning with the "scientific revolution." There are few periods that mark such a deep change in ideas, manners, and methods of confronting nature, with the concomitant baggage of history in developing new means of communicating scientific information. The field of medical journalism seamlessly carried along with it the forms and methods of disseminating information from the 17th and 18th centuries into the 19th and 20th. The essays grew out of a conference held in London, England, in 1990 on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the<i>British Medical Journal</i>, the organ of the British Medical Association. It is not by any means solely a celebration of the genesis and continued importance of that journal, which has played a significant role
Cromolyn Sodium and Anaphylaxis
Authors: SAEED AHMAD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1983Cromolyn Sodium and AnaphylaxisSAEED AHMAD, M.D.SAEED AHMAD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-6-882_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A 57-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of bronchial asthma. He had a 10-year history of bronchial asthma severe enough to make him permanently and totally disabled. Apart from mild hypertension and carbohydrate intolerance, he did not have any other serious disease.Cromolyn sodium was added to the patient's regimen as part of the care program for his bronchial asthma. Within 20 minutes of taking one 20-mg capsule, he had generalized pruritus, joint pains, urticaria, severe bronchospasm, stridor, angioedema, severe nausea, and paresthesia accompanied by peripheral cyanosis. The patient was found to have hypotension, sinus... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SAEED AHMAD, M.D.Affiliations: Cardio-Diagnostic Clinique 1000 Brookside Drive; Fairmount, WV 26554 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infantsSynthesis of some new indolo[2,3-c]isoquinolinyl pyrazoles, -1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their biological activitiesCromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infantsCromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infantsAdverse Reactions to Cromolyn Sodium: Patient Report and Review of the LiteratureContact dermatitis from sodium-cromoglycate-containing eyedropsDisappearance of Allergic Reaction to Cromolyn (Cromoglycate) By Avoidance and Then ReintroductionAssay of specific IgE antibodies to disodium cromoglycate in serum from a patient with an immediate hypersensitivity reaction 1 December 1983Volume 99, Issue 6Page: 882-882KeywordsAnaphylaxisArthralgiaAsthmaCarbohydratesHypertensionHypotensionNauseaPruritusSodiumUrticaria ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Congress asks for investigation of FDA resources and staffing
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government has agreed in principle that the General Medical Council, the medical profession's regulator, will take over responsibility for postgraduate medical training in the United Kingdom.The move to assimilate the Postgraduate Medical and Training Board within the GMC-which will not go ahead before 2010-has been welcomed by Graeme Catto, the council's president.Sir Graeme said, "The merger will bring under one roof the regulation of all stages of medical education and will deliver real benefits for patients and the public, as well as for the medical profession."He added that the board, which was set up in autumn 2005, had made an important contribution to postgraduate medical education in the UK and promised to maintain the momentum it had generated.However, in a statement the Royal College of Surgeons of England expressed its disappointment at the slow timetable for implementing the change."We are pleased with the acceptance that PMETB [the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board] will become part of the GMC.However, it is disappointing that no opportunity can apparently be found to carry out this badly needed reform until 2010," it said.Altogether the government agreed (or agreed in principle) to 24 of 47 recommendations made by John Tooke in the report of his inquiry into the reform of Modernising Medical Careers (MMC), which was published in January (BMJ 2008;336:61, 12 Jan).Other proposals were put on hold for "further consideration" or were dismissed as the responsibility of other organisations.Proposals that were agreed in principle are to be evaluated as part of the next stage review, being carried out by health minister Lord Darzi and due to be published in June.Alan Johnson, the health secretary, said that his department needed more time to consider one of the late additions to the list of recommendations, the proposal to set up a new independent body, provisionally called NHS Medical Education England, GMC will take responsibility for postgraduate medical training, as advised by Tooke report UK NEWS Deaths from cancer fall after 20 years of screening in England, p 527 WorlD NEWS European Commission looks into possible restrictive practices by drug companies, p 524 bmj.com london GPs express fear over Darzi's proposals for the capital
ELECTRIC RECORDING PERIMETER.
Authors: WILLIAM M. SWEET
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Of the many perimeters which have been devised for recording the field of vision, the instrument devised by Dr. Malcolm M. McHardy, of London, has met with the most favor. It is an excellent instrument, and whatever its defects, they are to be found in all similar forms of apparatus in which the test object is moved by a flexible cord. The instrument here shown was devised with a view of correcting the faults which experience shows exist in the ordinary form of perimeter. Apart from the use of small electric lamps for the fixation spot and for the test object, it differs in important details of construction from the usual form of perimeter. The arc which ordinarily carries the movable test object is replaced by a steel tube, at the end of which are cog-wheels for rotating a metal arm carrying a small electric lamp. Motion is transmitted to
Aminorex (Menocil) and amphetamine: acute and chronic effects on pulmonary and systemic haemodynamics in the calf
Authors: E. Byrne-Quinn, R. F. Grover
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Reports of pulmonary hypertension in obese women treated with the appetite suppressant aminorex (Menocil) prompted this study using the calf as a model because of its very reactive pulmonary vascular bed. Acute and chronic haemodynamic effects were observed following daily intravenous injections of aminorex (0·25 mg/kg as free base) in four calves. Four other calves were similarly treated with the related sympathomimetic drug amphetamine in the same dose, and four calves served as controls. The acute effects of both these drugs were a significant increase in systemic arterial pressure and resistance with no change in pulmonary haemodynamics. The chronic effect of one month9s treatment was to leave both systemic and pulmonary haemodynamics unchanged, and there was no depletion in endogenous catecholamines as measured by the tyramine test. In addition, the reactivity of the pulmonary vascular bed to hypoxia remained unaltered. Thus neither aminorex nor amphetamine produced pulmonary hypertension during one month9s treatment in the calf.