tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperglycemia and Mortality Among Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ding Ding, Jian Qiu, Xinrui Li, Dan Li, Min Xia, Zhongxia Li, Dongfang Su, Yujie Wang, Yuan Zhang, Jinxia Zhang, Xiaofei Lv, Yunjun Xiao, Gang Hu, Wenhua Ling
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Known diabetes is an independent predictor for mortality in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients; however, whether other glucose abnormalities are associated with death risk in CAD patients is unclear. The goal of this study was to examine the association between different glucose states and the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among CAD patients.The study cohort included 1,726 CAD patients who were 40-85 years of age in the Guangdong Coronary Artery Disease Cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of baseline glucose status with risk of mortality.During a median follow-up of 3.1 years, 129 deaths were recorded, 109 of which were due to CVD. The multivariable-adjusted (age; sex; education; marriage; leisure-time physical activity; smoking; alcohol drinking; BMI; systolic blood pressure; total and HDL cholesterol; glomerular filtration rate; type, severity, duration, and treatment of CAD; history of heart failure; and use of antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, and antiplatelet drugs) hazard ratios in normoglycemia, impaired glucose regulation (IGR), newly diagnosed diabetes, and known diabetes were 1.00, 1.58 (95% CI 0.90-2.77), 2.41 (1.42-4.11), and 2.29 (1.36-3.84) for all-cause mortality and 1.00, 1.89 (1.01-3.54), 2.74 (1.50-5.01), and 2.73 (1.52-4.91) for CVD mortality. Assessing fasting plasma glucose only, impaired fasting glucose and newly diagnosed and known diabetes were also associated with increased risks of all-cause and CVD mortality compared with normoglycemia.CAD patients with IGR, newly diagnosed diabetes, and known diabetes have increased risk of CVD mortality.
Reducing Cancer Disparities for Minorities: A Multidisciplinary Research Agenda to Improve Patient Access to Health Systems, Clinical Trials, and Effective Cancer Therapy
Authors: Deborah Watkins Bruner, Michele Jones, David Buchanan, Jose Russo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Ethnic diversity in recruitment is a vital prerequisite to eliminating health disparities in cancer treatment, control and prevention programs. Much anecdotal reporting, but little scientific rigor, has been applied to the study of methods to improve the recruitment of minorities into cancer control or treatment trials. Even the most innovative research is stymied by the lack of representative samples of the populations that the research is designed to serve. The goals of this article are to describe a theory-driven framework for improving minority recruitment to clinical and cancer control trials, to explain organizational prerequisites to improving minority recruitment, and to provide empirical evidence of success in initial efforts to recruit to cancer control studies. These programs are offered as models for improving minority recruitment to cancer-control and -treatment trials, and minority access to cancer treatment in general.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MULTI-DETECTOR CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY PRIOR TO REOPERATIVE CARDIAC SURGERY LENGTH OF STAY AND HOSPITAL CHARGES
Authors: Matthew A. Goldstein, Sion K. Roy, Shinivas Hebsur, Gabriel Maluenda, Gaby Weissman, Wm Guy Weigold, Marc J. Landsman, Peter C. Hill, Francisco Pita, Paul J. Corso, Steven W. Boyce, Augusto D. Pichard, Ron Waksman, Allen J. Taylor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Mortality in Patients With Hypovolemic Shock Treated With Colloids or Crystalloids
Authors: Anders Perner, Nicolai Haase, Jørn Wetterslev
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Value of Mammography Screening in Women Under Age 50 Years
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Two quantitative methods, Confidence Profiles and CAN*TROL, are used to analyze evidence and estimate the health and economic consequences of adding annual mammography to annual breast physical examinations in asymptomatic women aged 40 to 49 years who are at average risk for breast cancer. Such women have about a 128 in 10,000 chance of having breast cancer in the next ten years and about an 82 in 10,000 chance of dying of such a cancer. Adding annual mammograms to annual breast physical examinations each year during that age decade would reduce the probability of death to about 60 in 10,000, a reduction of about 26%. Screening would increase the expected lifetime of a woman destined to get breast cancer between ages 40 and 49 years by about 3.5 years. Ten years of screening with mammography in that age decade carries a risk of radiation-induced cancer of about one in 25,000 and a risk of a surgery recommendation for a lesion that is not cancer of about one in ten. If 25% of the women in this age group in the United States were screened every year, breast cancer mortality in the year 2000 would be decreased by about 373 deaths. In 1984 dollars, the cost of screening, workups, and continuing care in the year 2000 would be about $408 million. Treatment costs would be decreased by about $6 million, leaving a net increase in costs in the year 2000 of approximately $402 million (1984 dollars).
THU0139 Methotrexate Use and Liver Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: R. Conway, C. Low, R.J. Coughlan, M.J. O'Donnell, J.J. Carey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Methotrexate is the most widely prescribed DMARD in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Recent multinational evidence-based recommendations advise the cessation of methotrexate if transaminases are persistently greater than three times the upper limit of normal (&gt;3 ULN). Our understanding of the relative risk of liver function test abnormalities with methotrexate and the significance of these remains incomplete and may be influenced by reporting bias. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the relative risk, severity and significance of liver function test abnormalities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis prescribed methotrexate in double-blind randomised controlled trials. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a systematic literature search of Pubmed and Cochrane databases from 1st January 1990 to 1st November 2013 for double-blind randomised controlled trials of methotrexate versus placebo or active comparator agents in adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Studies with less than 100 subjects, of less than 24 weeks duration, or with no reporting of liver adverse events were excluded. Two investigators independently searched both databases. All authors reviewed selected studies. Random effects meta-analysis using the Mantel-Haenszel method was used to assess total liver events, minor liver adverse events (≤3 ULN), major liver adverse events (&gt;3 ULN or treatment withdrawal) and a composite outcome of liver failure, cirrhosis, or death. Results were expressed as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 27 studies with 11485 participants met our inclusion criteria. Methotrexate was associated with an increased risk of all adverse liver events, RR 2.15 (95% CI 1.64-2.81), as well as minor and major liver function test abnormalities, RR 2.07 (95% CI 1.56-2.75) and RR 2.87 (95% CI 1.87-4.39) respectively. Patients treated with methotrexate were not at increased risk of liver failure, cirrhosis or death, RR 0.12 (95% CI 0.01-1.09). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study found an increased risk of elevated transaminases detected on monitoring blood tests in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate compared to other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologic agents. This did not translate into an increased risk of liver failure, cirrhosis, or death. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1799
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: 35-Year Outcome and Prognostic Factors in 1858 Patients
Authors: Maria Rosa Pelizzo, Isabella Merante Boschin, Antonio Toniato, Andrea Piotto, Costantino Pagetta, Milton D. Gross, Adil Al-Nahhas, Domenico Rubello
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is universally regarded as a curable malignancy with a favorable prognosis. However, a minority of patients may present, or subsequently develop, locoregional and distant metastases that may adversely affect survival. The value of the various staging methods is complicated by different approaches to diagnostic, therapeutic and follow-up strategies. We aimed at assessing the prognostic factors and survival rate in a large cohort of patients treated and followed up in the same center.A total of 1858 patients with PTC operated on by the same surgeon, and followed in the same center over a period of 35 years, were included. Total thyroidectomy was performed in the majority of patients after I-131 diagnostic scans and thyroglobulin assays. When the latter 2 were positive, therapy with I-131 was given. Follow-up was performed periodically and further therapy doses were administered when necessary. All patients were maintained on life-long thyroxine.Ninety-three patients (5%) developed evidence of locoregional or distant metastases after an average follow-up period of 7.9 years (range 1.53-30.5 years). Univariate analysis showed all variables (except for gender) to be significantly correlated with disease recurrence and survival. Multivariate analysis showed 4 variables to be significant and independent prognostic factors: patient age at first treatment, extent of disease, extent of surgery, and the presence of I-131 positive metastases.Our data agree with other scoring systems in that patient age at first treatment and the extent of disease are significant and independent prognostic factors. However, and at variance with other methods, we found that the extent of primary surgery and the presence of I-131 positive or negative metastases have similar prognostic significance. In high risk patients, total thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy followed by I-131 treatment and TSH-suppressive hormonal therapy are recommended.
THE RESPONSE OF SCARS OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASLS (ORIENTAL SORE) TO THE INJECTION OF LEISHMANIA TROPICA VACCINE*
Authors: F. SAGHER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1947)

Journal Article THE RESPONSE OF SCARS OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASLS (ORIENTAL SORE) TO THE INJECTION OF LEISHMANIA TROPICA VACCINE Get access F. SAGHER, M.D. F. SAGHER, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 59, Issue 6, 1 June 1947, Pages 205–213, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1947.tb11278.x Published: 01 June 1947
Regulation of renal Na-K-ATPase in the rat. Role of the natural mineralo- and glucocorticoid hormones.
Authors: S K Mujais, M A Chekal, W J Jones, J P Hayslett, A I Katz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Both mineralo- and glucocorticoids stimulate renal Na-K-ATPase, but their relative role in the regulation of the enzyme remains controversial. In this study we measured Na-K-ATPase activity in the cortical collecting tubule (CCT) of adrenalectomized rats replaced with either the native mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) or glucocorticoid (corticosterone) in doses calculated to yield previously determined physiologic concentrations of these hormones (5 ng X dl-1 and 5 micrograms X dl-1, respectively). This was achieved by continuous delivery of aldosterone (1 microgram X 100 g-1 X d-1) from an osmotic minipump or of corticosterone (2 pellets of 20 mg each), implanted subcutaneously either at adrenalectomy or 7 d later, when Na-K-ATPase activity reached its nadir. Adrenalectomized rats not receiving hormone replacement and adrenal-intact animals served as controls. The CCT was chosen because it contains the highest concentration of binding sites for both hormones. Na-K-ATPase activity declined 52% in the CCT of untreated adrenalectomized rats after 7 d, and remained unchanged thereafter. Physiologic replacement doses of aldosterone prevented this decline and restored the activity of the enzyme after it had been allowed to decrease maximally following adrenal ablation, whereas similar replacement of corticosterone was without effect. These observations suggest that under physiologic conditions Na-K-ATPase in the CCT, a probable target nephron segment of both hormones, is under mineralocorticoid rather than glucocorticoid control.
Traumatic Spinal-Pleural Fistula
Authors: Charles Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A COMMUNICATION between the spinal subarachnoid space and the chest cavity is not uncommon following missile injuries of the chest and thoracic spine. However, we have found no previous report of the demonstration of such a communication by myelography. An unusual case presented itself in which myelography was considered essential for proper management. The indications for lumbar puncture, cisternal myelography, and surgical exploration are given below.  Report of Case  A healthy 28-year-old Negro male was admitted to the Charity Hospital of Louisiana in New Orleans on Jan. 11, 1961, at 7A.M., 1 hour after being shot in the right side of the chest with a 38-caliber pistol. He remembered falling immediately after injury, but lost consciousness a few minutes later.  He was conscious on arrival in the accident room, and was able to climb onto an emergency cart without assistance. He was in shock, his blood pressure level was
Long term follow-up of survivors of childhood cancer: summary of updated SIGN guidance
Authors: W. H. B. Wallace, L. Thompson, R. A. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Cancer is diagnosed in 1600 children each year in the United Kingdom, and for teenagers cancer is the leading cause of death after accidents (unintentional injury, including road traffic incidents). The five year survival rate has improved over recent decades, from 30% to 80%; this increased survival has led to a rapidly increasing population of adult survivors, with an estimated 33 000 childhood cancer survivors now living in the UK.1 These survivors have higher premature death rates than the general population and are at increased risk of a range of physical and psychosocial problems.2 Late effects of treatment may occur soon after the treatment ends or many years later. Healthcare practitioners need guidance about potential late effects and the lifelong needs of survivors of childhood cancer. This article summarises the most recently updated recommendations from SIGN.3 SIGN recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. The strength of the evidence is graded as A, B, C, or D (figure⇓), but the grading does not reflect the clinical importance of the recommendations. Recommended best practice (“good practice points”), based on the clinical experience of the Guideline Development Group, is also indicated (as GPP). The group appraised the current evidence for new or completely revised sections on subsequent primary cancers, fertility, cardiac and bone health, and metabolic effects; for the remaining sections the group did not re-appraise the original supporting evidence. Fig 1 Explanation of SIGN grades of recommendations ### Subsequent primary cancers (all new recommendations)
Abstract 1140: Novel single-nucleotide polymorphism markers predictive of pathologic response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients.
Authors: Jin Cheon Kim, Seon Ae Roh, Dong Hyung Cho, Eun Young Choi, Ye Jin Ha, Tae Won Kim, Jong Hoon Kim, Tae Wook Kang, Seon Young Kim, Yong Sung Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Studies aimed at predicting individual responsiveness to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) are urgently needed, especially considering the risks associated with poorly responsive patients, i.e., delay of curative surgery, immune suppression, and adverse effects. Methods and Materials: A three-step strategy for the determination of CRT sensitivity is proposed that includes: 1) screening of a human genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array correlated with histopathological tumor regression grade (TRG), 2) clinical association analysis in 113 patients treated with preoperative CRT, and 3) a cell-based functional assay for biological validation. Genome-wide screening identified nine SNPs associated with preoperative CRT responses. Results: Genome-wide screening identified nine SNPs associated with preoperative CRT responses. The patients carrying the reference allele (C) of the SNP CORO2A rs1985859 exhibited greater positive responses (TRG 1-3) than those with the substitution allele (T) (P=0.01). Down-regulation of CORO2A was associated with significantly reduced early apoptosis in RKO and COLO320DM colorectal cancer cells by 27% (P=0.048) and 39% (P=0.023), respectively, as determined by flow cytometry. Although a specific genotype associated with radiosensitivity was not detected in the clinical association analysis, down-regulation of FAM101A significantly increased the viability of RKO and COLO320DM cells by 25% (P=0.01) and 23% (P=0.023), respectively in the MTT assay. Conclusion: CRT-sensitive SNP markers were identified using a novel three-step process. The candidate marker CORO2A rs1985859 and the putative marker FAM101A rs7955740 may improve the prediction of radiosensitivity to preoperative CRT, although further validation is needed in large cohorts. Citation Format: Jin Cheon Kim, Seon Ae Roh, Dong Hyung Cho, Eun Young Choi, Ye Jin Ha, Tae Won Kim, Jong Hoon Kim, Tae Wook Kang, Seon Young Kim, Yong Sung Kim. Novel single-nucleotide polymorphism markers predictive of pathologic response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1140. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1140
RAUWILOID THERAPY IN ALCOHOLISM
Authors: JOSEPH THIMANN, FRANK GILBERT BUCKNAM, JOSEPH W. GAUTHIER, THOMAS A. O'CONNELL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

1. In a double-blind study with 2 mephenesin-like drugs, B and C, and placebos used as controls, Rauwiloid and Rauwidrine therapy proved effective for the psychogenic factors of chronic alcoholism. 2. Rauwiloid was most useful in relieving the symptoms of anxiety, nervousness and tension; supplementary therapy with Rauwidrine was usually effective when depression was a problem. 3. Sedation with Rauwiloid and Rauwidrine is notably free of toxic effects or habituation, offering a decided advantage over the use of barbiturates, bromides or other habit-forming drugs. 4. The use of Rauwiloid and Rauwidrine for the treatment of alcoholism, or other chronic states in which psychosomatic factors are prominent, merits further investigation.
Smokeout could preface 'smoke-free society'
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Now that the Eighth Annual Great American Smokeout is history, how many of those who—in the glare of news media attention—gave up smoking (at least temporarily) are still managing to refrain from lighting up? If experience from the previous seven Smokeouts is any guide, says the sponsoring American Cancer Society, something over 4% of those who gave up smoking for a day have still not resumed. The New York City-based American Cancer Society describes the Great American Smokeout—which this year was held on Nov 15—as "an upbeat, good natured effort to encourage smokers to give up cigarettes for 24 hours, if only to prove to themselves that they can." This year's goal was to convince "at least one in every five smokers to give up cigarettes from midnight to midnight on Nov 15." Last year, according to the society, "just under 36% of [an estimated 54 million] American smokers attempted
Complications in Surgery and Their Management
Authors: R. M. Kradjian
Journal: JAMA (1967)

When the first edition of this book appeared in 1960, it filled a definite need, for little had been written about the prevention and treatment of surgical complications. That book is a standard reference and the second edition is a substantial improvement over the first edition. Fifty-two authorities contributed 39 chapters, discussing complications of nearly every major aspect of surgery, including the head and neck, thyroid and parathyroid, lung, heart and great vessels, spleen, kidney, pancreas, and the intestinal tract. Parenteral fluid therapy, renal failure, cardiac arrest, anesthesia, fractures, and burn therapy are also discussed. In the new edition, 16 chapters were discarded while the remaining ones were expanded; several chapters were combined and shortened; and one entirely new subject was added ("Common Errors in the Management of Hand Injuries"). Of the book's 39 chapters, 18 are either new or are thoroughly rewritten; the remaining sections are brought up to
Airborne Rabies Transmission in a Laboratory Worker
Authors: William G. Winkler
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A 56-year-old man died of rabies 21 days after exposure to a "fixed" strain of rabies virus. Rabies virus was recovered from the brain by cultural techniques and demonstrated in neural tissue by electron microscopy. Infection apparently resulted from inhalation of an aerosol generated in a biological laboratory during the manufacture of animal rabies vaccine. The victim had received preexposure vaccination against rabies 13 years earlier but had not developed demonstrable serum antibodies.
Migration of Broken Hip Pin Into Urinary Bladder
Authors: Donald D. Alpers
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Foreign bodies in the bladder which have gained entrance through the urethra are not uncommon and an occasional sponge left in the abdomen has been recovered through the urethra. However, to have a 2-inch segment of a broken Hagie pin, which had been placed in the acetabulum, migrate into the bladder and be removed cystoscopically seems worthy of reporting. This white man, age 58 years, was in an automobile accident in December 1959. He had multiple injuries including a fracture of the right side of the bony pelvis which involved the acetabulum. One of his many surgical procedures included open reduction and an internal fixation of the right acetabulum with two Hagie pins entering the superior acetabulum and extending into the superior pubic ramus. The excretory urogram (Fig 1) is shown to illustrate the Hagie pins and the normal-appearing urinary tract. It was made in February 1960