tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sleep-breathing disorders (SBD) - Sleepiness, fatigue, quality of life (QoL) and depression
Authors: Adrian H. Kendrick, Sara Neale
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Patients with SBD may present with sleepiness, fatigue, and often cannot separate them. SBD affects QoL and depression may occur.   Aim : To determine sleepiness, fatigue, depression and QoL in relation to the severity of SBD.   Methods : 150 consecutively referred patients had 2 nights of home oximetry (Minolta 300i). Oximetry data was analysed by experienced Physiologists (Download 2001, Stowood Scientific,UK). Patients completed Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS), SF-36, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and Beck-II score. Data were stratified using 4% and 3% dips/hr, cumulative %time at SpO 2  90 ), Δindex and pulse rate change > 6 bpm (PR 6 ) from oximetry. Data are given as median(range).   Results : 130 patients had usable data, 91M, aged 50yrs (19-79). MFI-20 Reduced Motivation correlated (p 90  (r=0.17), whilst SF-36 General Health correlated with 3% (r=-0.17) and CT 90  (r=-0.21). No other correlations occurred.  Similar results were observed for 3% dips/hr, Δindex>0.6 and CT 90 . BECK-II (n=72) had a distribution of 45%, 52% and 33% in relation 4% dips/hr.   Conclusions : We observed high levels of fatigue and sleepiness and poor QoL. Patients with mild SBD had high levels of fatigue, depression and sleepiness, whereas patients with moderate SBD had a lower percentage of patients. It is essential to account for fatigue and QoL and to investigate negative studies further.
Agreement between four recommendations for physical activity in COPD
Authors: Katy Mitchell, Louise Sewell, Michael Steiner, Mike Morgan, Sally Singh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

There are various recommendations for the required amount of physical activity (PA) to maintain health, however it is not known how well these measures compare.

In a sample of 128 patients with COPD [male=73; mean (SD) age 70 (9) yr; FEV1 1.48 (0.55) litres; BMI 27.42 (5.21)] we compared whether people achieved the recommended amount of physical activity on the following guidelines: 1) ≥7000 steps/ day; 2) Physical Activity Level (PAL) ≥1.7; 3) 150 minutes moderate activity (≥3 METs) in 10 minute bouts/ week; 4) 150 minutes moderate activity (individualised METs) in 10 minute bouts/week. The latter is the only measure which considers intensity of PA relative to an individual's performance, based on their baseline outcome on an exercise test; all other three are absolute measures of PA.

People were most likely to be classified 'active' based on the threshold of 150 minutes moderate activity (individualised METs) in 10 minute bouts (table1). People were most likely to be classified 'sedentary' based on threshold 150 minutes moderate activity (≥3 METs) in 10 minute bouts. Classification of active or sedentary was only agreed on all four measures in 23% of cases.

View this table:

Table 1





There is considerable disagreement on PA classification between various recommendations. Patients were most likely to be active using a measure which is relative to their performance. This should be considered when deciding which PA parameters to measure and in how to target PA advice to patients.
Urethan-Induced Mammary Tumorigenesis in a Murine Mammary Tumor Virus (MuMTV)-Positive Mouse Strain: Evidence for a Keratinized Nodule as an MuMTV-Negative Precursor Lesion for Squamous Cell Tumors
Authors: S Imai, Y Tsubura, J Hilgers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Journal Article Urethan-Induced Mammary Tumorigenesis in a Murine Mammary Tumor Virus (MuMTV)-Positive Mouse Strain: Evidence for a Keratinized Nodule as an MuMTV-Negative Precursor Lesion for Squamous Cell Tumors Get access Shunsuke Imai, Shunsuke Imai Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yoshihiko Tsubura, Yoshihiko Tsubura Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Hilgers J. Hilgers 3 3Address reprint requests to Dr. Hilgers. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 73, Issue 4, October 1984, Pages 935–941, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/73.4.935 Published: 01 October 1984 Article history Received: 10 February 1984 Accepted: 12 June 1984 Published: 01 October 1984
Specific and social phobias in ICD-11
Authors: P.M.G. Emmelkamp
Journal: World Psychiatry (2012)

The purpose of this article is to discuss the current status of research with respect to specific phobias and social phobia as defined in the ICD-10 and DSM-IV, and to provide op- tions for their classification in the ICD-11. Both ICD-10 and DSM-IV identify three main classes of phobias: specific phobias, social phobia, and agoraphobia. The latter two are often referred to as complex phobias. In specific phobias, the fear is limited to one or more well-de- fined classes of objects or situations: e.g., certain animals, aspects of the natural environment (heights, storms), specific situations (lifts, airplanes) or blood/injuries. Social phobia is characterized by fear of one or more social situations, while agoraphobia is defined by fear of leaving home or of places or situations from which escape may be difficult, including shops, crowds, and public places, or fear of travelling (alone) in trains, buses, or planes. The emphasis in this paper will be on specific phobias and social phobia, since agoraphobia is discussed in another article in this supplement (1).
What the millennium bug tells us about ourselves
Authors: J. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

I know of no rule that holds so true as that we are paid for our suspicions by discovering that which we suspect—Henry David Thoreau

How many conversations in the next five months will endlessly circle around the anticipated effects of “Y2K,” the “millennium bug,” the freak of parsimonious computer programming that threatens widespread malfunction of microchips on 1 January 2000? Whatever their otherwise differing views, the many commentators on this phenomenon agree that clear predictions are impossible. The situation is unprecedented. The nature of the technological failure, its widespread distribution, and its simultaneous onset are all unique. This unlimited ambiguity combined with a concrete deadline provides a fertile breeding ground for anxiety.

Not everyone is anxious. The former chair of the US Federal Communications Commission, Reed Hundt, said: “January 1 is a Saturday. So if the world comes to an end for a couple of days, it'll be OK. We've all had weekends like that.”1 More presciently, John Koskinen, …
Tidal N2 washout ventilation inhomogeneity indices in a reference population aged 7-70 years
Authors: Birgitta Houltz, Kent Green, Anders Lindblad, Florian Singer, Paul Robinson, Kim Nielsen, Per Gustafsson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: The Multiple Breath inert gas Washout (MBW) method is increasingly used in research studies to assess ventilation distribution inhomogeneity. Normative data are needed when using the method clinically.

Methods: Spirometry and triplets of nitrogen (N2) MBW using a new device (Exhalyzer D, EcoMedics AG, Duernten, Switzerland) were recorded in 284 healthy subjects aged 7-70 yrs. Mean and SD were calculated in four age groups for LCI (Lung Clearance Index), indices of peripheral airway function based on concentration normalized slope III analysis (Scond, Sacin, Pacin), concentration normalized end-tidal N2 after 6 lung volume turnovers (Cn TO6), washout time (WoT) and moment ratios (m1/m0; m2/m0).

Results are tabulated.

View this table:

Demography and Results (mean (SD))





Conclusion: Reference values for several different indices of ventilation distribution inhomogeneity obtained in a large healthy population over a wide age range are now available allowing for clinical use of this new N2 MBW method.
Influence of abdominal volume regulation on chest wall hyperinflation during constant work rate exercise in patients with COPD
Authors: Luciana Takara, Marcos Nunes, Thulio Cunha, Fernando Queiroga, Miguel Rodrigues, Ethiane Meda, Mayron Oliveira, Gaspar Chiappa, Luiz Eduardo Nery, J. Alberto Neder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

It has been recently reported that some patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may actively recruit the expiratory abdominal (AB) muscles in order to avoid exercise-related dynamic hyperinflation. It remains unclear, however, whether this strategy is universally efficacious in counterbalancing the potential increases in rib cage (RC) volumes thereby promoting a net deflating effect on chest wall (CW). Thirty males with COPD (FEV 1 = 43.8±9.5%) performed a constant work rate cardiopulmonary exercise test (75% max) to the limit of tolerance (Tlim) on a cycle ergometer. Breath-by-breath ventilatory kinematics was continuously monitored by optoelectronic plethysmography (BTS, Italy). End-expiratory volume of the RC (EEV RC ) and EEV CW  significantly increased from rest to Tlim in 17 patients. EEV AB  remained stable in 9 of them (“non-recruiters/hyperinflators”); in contrast, it decreased slightly in 7 “recruiters/hyperinflators” thereby lessening CW hyperinflation. EEV RC  remained stable and EEV AB  decreased sharply in the remaining 13 “recruiters/non-hyperinflators”. “Recruiters/hyperinflators” showed higher dyspnoea scores and the worst exercise capacity (∼80% lower than the “recruiters/non-hyperinflators”) (p  Supported by: FAPESP and CNPq, Brazil
Mini but mighty: micro<scp>RNA</scp>s in the pathobiology of periodontal disease
Authors: Moritz Kebschull, Panos N. Papapanou
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2015)

Abstract Micro RNA s (mi RNA s) are a family of small, noncoding RNA molecules that negatively regulate protein expression either by inhibiting initiation of the translation of mRNA or by inducing the degradation of mRNA molecules. Accumulating evidence suggests that mi RNA ‐mediated repression of protein expression is of paramount importance in a broad range of physiologic and pathologic conditions. In particular, mi RNA ‐induced dysregulation of molecular processes involved in inflammatory pathways has been shown to contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, first of all we provide an overview of mi RNA biogenesis, the main mechanisms of action and the mi RNA profiling tools currently available. Then, we summarize the available evidence supporting a specific role for mi RNA s in the pathobiology of periodontitis. Based on a review of available data on the differential expression of mi RNA s in gingival tissues in states of periodontal health and disease, we address specific roles for mi RNA s in molecular and cellular pathways causally linked to periodontitis. Our review points to several lines of evidence suggesting the involvement of mi RNA s in periodontal tissue homeostasis and pathology. Although the intricate regulatory networks affected by mi RNA function are still incompletely mapped, further utilization of systems biology tools is expected to enhance our understanding of the pathobiology of periodontitis.
p53 mutations in benign breast tissue.
Authors: R Millikan, B Hulka, A Thor, Y Zhang, S Edgerton, X Zhang, H Pei, M He, L Wold, L J Melton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE Patients with benign breast biopsies that exhibit atypical epithelial proliferation or fibroadenoma may be at increased risk for invasive breast cancer. We hypothesized that molecular markers might also be useful to evaluate the malignant potential of nonneoplastic breast tissue. PATIENTS AND METHODS Study subjects belonged to a cohort of 6,805 women who underwent biopsy for nonmalignant breast disease at the Mayo Clinic and Rochester-affiliated hospitals between 1967 and 1981. As part of a nested case-control study that compared subjects who developed invasive breast cancer with those who did not, we analyzed a sample of 60 benign breast biopsies for the following markers: HER-2/neu and p53 over-expression by immunohistochemistry, HER-2/neu and PRAD-1 amplification using differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and p53 mutation using single-strand conformation analysis (SSCA) and direct DNA sequencing by asymmetric PCR. RESULTS None of 60 biopsies showed amplification of HER-2/neu or PRAD-1. Five samples exhibited low-level immunoreactivity to the HER-2/neu protein product. Fourteen samples exhibited focal or diffuse immunoreactivity to the p53 protein. Point mutations in the p53 gene were found in five samples: three of these samples exhibited mutations that altered the amino acid sequence. Only two of five samples with p53 mutation exhibited p53 overexpression. Histologic diagnoses on three samples with nonconservative p53 mutation were, respectively, nonproliferative fibrocystic change, papillomatous hyperplasia, and fibroadenoma. CONCLUSION The clinical significance of p53 mutation, p53 overexpression, and low-level HER-2/neu expression in benign breast tissue remains to be determined. Further research will be necessary to evaluate whether these markers could serve as useful adjuncts to histology in evaluation of the malignant potential of benign breast tissue.
Significance of Buerger's Test in the Assessment of Lower Limb Ischaemia
Authors: R L Insall, R J Davies, W G Prout
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1989)

In claudicants with arteriosclerosis obliterans admitted for vascular surgery, Buerger's test was compared with other indicators of lower limb ischaemia. Rest pain, gangrene, trophic changes, and chronic erythromelia were significantly commoner and more distal pulses were absent in Buerger positive limbs. Doppler and transcutaneous oxygen pressures and indices were significantly lower in Buerger positive legs. Significantly more occlusions were noted on arteriography in arteries distal to the adductor hiatus in the Buerger positive group. Buerger's test is a useful adjunct to routine peripheral vascular assessment and, if positive, suggests more severe ischaemia with distal limb artery involvement.
Recognition and Management of Patients Who Repeatedly Swallow Foreign Bodies
Authors: A H James, T G Allen-Mersh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1982)

Repeated swallowing of foreign bodies, in adults, is part of a syndrome comprising personality disorder, drug overdose, and other self-inflicted injuries. The management should be conservative, as in many cases the foreign body will pass naturally or can be left in the bowel, if necessary for several years. Surgical intervention should be reserved for the complications of perforation, severe haemorrhage and persistent complete bowel obstruction, or for the removal of a toxic substance from the bowel. Five cases are reported which illustrate the natural history and management of the problem.
Erroneous Diabetes Diagnosis: A Case of HbA1c Interference
Authors: Elona Turley, Karina Rodríguez-Capote, Mathew P. Estey, Vilte E. Barakauskas, Gordon R. Bailey, Lynne M. McKenzie, Trefor N. Higgins
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

A 66-year-old Caucasian female was referred for specialist follow-up of her treatment-refractory type 2 diabetes. The diagnosis was made based on two consecutive HbA1c results >6.5% (48 mmol/mol) in accordance with the Canadian Diabetes Association and the American Diabetes Association guidelines (1,2). Fasting glucose was normal and hyperglycemic symptoms were absent at diagnosis. The patient’s hematological indices were normal and she was unaware of any family history of hemoglobinopathy. Her glycemic control proved difficult to manage, with persistently elevated HbA1c (10.8–11.2% [95–99 mmol/mol]) despite treatment with metformin and, eventually, insulin glargine. Further, with treatment, the patient began to experience symptoms of episodic hypoglycemia.

A fasting glucose of 84.6 mg/dL (4.8 mmol/L) obtained at the same time as an HbA1c of 11.2% (99 mmol/mol) triggered suspicion of interference. As all of the HbA …
Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder
Authors: J L Herman, J C Perry, B A van der Kolk
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

Subjects with borderline personality disorder (N = 21) or borderline traits (N = 11) and nonborderline subjects with closely related diagnoses (N = 23) were interviewed in depth regarding experiences of major childhood trauma. Significantly more borderline subjects (81%) gave histories of such trauma, including physical abuse (71%), sexual abuse (68%), and witnessing serious domestic violence (62%); abuse histories were less common in those with borderline traits and least common in the subjects with no borderline diagnosis. These results demonstrate a strong association between a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and a history of abuse in childhood.
Quadrupling the Dose of Inhaled Corticosteroid to Prevent Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: Janet Oborne, Kevin Mortimer, Richard B. Hubbard, Anne E. Tattersfield, Tim W. Harrison
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: Asthma exacerbations are unpredictable, disruptive, and frightening, and are therefore important to prevent.Objectives: We investigated whether a policy of quadrupling the dose of inhaled corticosteroid when asthma control starts to deteriorate reduces asthma exacerbations requiring treatment with oral corticosteroids.Methods: A total of 403 people with asthma were given a self-management plan and randomized to take an active or placebo corticosteroid inhaler in addition to their usual asthma treatment when their PEF fell by 15% on 2 consecutive days or by 30% on 1 day. The study inhalers provided a quadrupling or no change in corticosteroid dose.Measurements and Main Results: Eighteen of 197 (9%) and 29 of 203 (14%) participants had an exacerbation of asthma requiring treatment with oral corticosteroids in the active and placebo groups, respectively, giving a risk ratio of 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 0.37–1.11, P = 0.11). Of the 94 participants who started the study inhaler far fewer required treatment with oral corticosteroids in the active compared with the placebo group: 12 of 56 (21%) in the active group and 19 of 38 (50%) in the placebo group, giving a risk ratio of 0.43 (95% confidence interval, 0.24–0.78, P = 0.004).Conclusions: Although our primary outcome did not reach statistical significance, quadrupling the dose of inhaled corticosteroid when asthma control starts to deteriorate appears to reduce acute exacerbations of asthma and deserves further investigation.Clinical trial registered with www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN 46018181).
Psychosocial outcomes of cancer: a comparative analysis of Hodgkin's disease and testicular cancer.
Authors: J R Bloom, P Fobair, E Gritz, D Wellisch, D Spiegel, A Varghese, R Hoppe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

The psychosocial outcomes of testicular cancer and Hodgkin's disease were compared to test our hypotheses that more specific dysfunction and less hiding of symptoms would be found in the former group, as cancer visibly affects a sexual organ. Since those with Hodgkin's disease could more easily deny the disease, poorer psychosocial adjustment was predicted.The sample consists of 85 men with Hodgkin's disease and 88 men with testicular cancer (seminomatous, n = 39; or nonseminomatous, n = 49). They were interviewed once, at least 1 year following the end of treatment. Measures of sociodemographic characteristics, physical functioning, psychologic distress, and social outcomes were collected. Treatment data were collected from medical records.Men with testicular cancer report more focused symptoms: less sexual enjoyment and poor health habits. Men with Hodgkin's disease report more generalized symptoms: fatigue, energy loss, and work impairment. Multivariate analysis indicates that most of these differences are site-related; independent effects of treatment on outcomes were found for more generalized symptoms. Contrary to expectations, both groups reported similar levels of infertility and erectile dysfunction.The response to testicular cancer is site-specific, while the response to Hodgkin's disease is related to both site and treatment (stage-related).
Cellular Immunity to Human Sarcoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: F. Vánky, J. Stjernswärd, U. Nilsonne
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Peripheral lymphocytes were stimulated to increased DNA synthesis by autochthonous tumor cells, but not by nonmalignant cells, with the mixed-lymphocyte-target-interaction (MLTI) test in 13 of 26 patients with active sarcoma of various types. Benign tumor cells did not stimulate autochthonous lymphocytes. Fresh and frozen autochthonous tumor cells stimulated autochthonous lymphocytes without any significant difference in stimulatory effect.
Effect of Dietary Fat on Tumorigenesis in the Mouse Mammary Gland&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S. Abraham, Leslie J. Faulkin, Lewis A. Hillyard, Dan J. Mitchell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The effects of dietary polyunsaturated fat in BALB/c mice were determined for several stages of mammary tumorigenesis: a) growth of intact and transplanted normal mammary tissue, b) growth of hyperplastic alveolar nodule (HAN) lines D1/UCD and Z5C1, c) incidence of tumors occurring in D1/UCD, and d) growth rate of the tumors. Growth of transplanted normal mammary epithelium as well as intact glands was faster in mice fed a 10% corn oil (CO) diet, which contains linoleate, than in those fed 10% hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCTO), a diet free of the polyunsaturated fatty acid. We concluded that transplantation itself does not alter the response of mammary tissue to dietary fat. The growth of both HAN lines was unchanged by the presence of CO in the diet. For ascertainment as to whether the difference in response was specific to the tissue, ducts and HAN line D1/UCD were transplanted into left and right gland-free fat pads of the same mice. The duct tissue grew faster when the hosts were fed the 10% CO diet than in the hosts fed the 10% HCTO diet; however, no effect of dietary fat was noted with the HAN. Although indomethacin retarded the growth of normal tissue in the mice fed CO diet, this prostaglandin inhibitor had no effect on the growth of the HAN transplants. Both incidence and growth rate of tumors arising from transplants of HAN line D1/UCD were greater in mice fed diets containing either 0.3, 1, or 10% CO than in those fed 10% HCTO. The smaller number of tumors arising in mice fed with 10% HCTO diet may be the result of the slower growth rate of the neoplasms in mice fed diets devoid of linoleate.