tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S124 Effects Of Two Adapted Physical Activity Training Programs On Pulmonary Functionality And Exercise Capacity In Patients Affected By Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: A. Delussu, A. Laudisio, C. Pedone, L. Costanzo, F. Di Meo, C. Pizzoli, S. Lubich, L. Polidori, F. Paradisi, M. Traballesi, C. Pisicchio, R. A. Incalzi
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> It has been reported the efficacy of adapted physical activity (APA) in exercise capacity improvement.<sup>1</sup> Nevertheless, there is still no consensus on training modalities and intensities to be prescribed in patients affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the study was to assess the effects of two 16 weeks APA training programs (endurance vs endurance+strength) on respiratory parameters (FVC%, FEV1%, FEV1/FVC%) and exercise capacity (V’O<sub>2</sub> peak) immediately after APA training program (first follow up: FU1) and after six months (second follow up: FU2) <h3>Methods</h3> Sixty five COPD patients were randomly assigned to endurance training (ET) or to endurance + strength training (EST). All Patients underwent 3 sessions per week. For ET, as upper intensity training limits were considered 40–50% heart rate reserve; for EST training limits were considered 40–50% heart rate reserve and 50% 1RM.<sup>2</sup> Before training programs, at FU1 and at FU2, all patients underwent: clinical assessment, respiratory functionality tests, maximal cardiopulmonary test. Repeated measures ANOVA was adopted to assess parameters’ variations. Statistical significance was set for p &lt; 0.05. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-five patients (14M/21F; age 71 ± 9 y; FEV<sub>1</sub> 61 ± 14% of predicted) completed the ET program; 30 patients (18M/12F; age 74 ± 6 y; FEV<sub>1</sub> 59 ± 18% of predicted) completed the EST program. In both ET and EST, respiratory parameters did not change. ET FVC%, FEV1%, FEV1/FVC% values at FU1 were 76 ± 14, 61 ± 16, 64 ± 12 respectively; at FU2 76 ± 16, 59 ± 16,61 ± 12. For EST FVC%, FEV1%, FEV1/FVC% values at FU1 were 79 ± 14, 59 ± 16, 58 ± 13 respectively; at FU2 83 ± 12, 64 ± 16,60 ± 13. In ET V’O<sub>2</sub> peak showed significant variations: 17.7 ± 3.1, 18.8 ± 3.4, 16.3 ± 3.3, before training, at FU1 and at FU2 respectively (p &lt; 0.0001). In EST: 19.1 ± 4.9, 20.3 ± 5.9, 18.2 ± 5.5, before training, at FU1 and at FU2 respectively (p &lt; 0.008). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Both ET and EST produced a significant improvement in exercise capacity (V’O<sub>2peak</sub>) at FU1. Unfortunately, both ET and EST worsened at FU2 vs FU1. However FU2 data were better than at baseline. <h3>References</h3> Vogiatzis I. <i>Eur Respir J</i>. 2002 Jul;20:12–9 ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. (2006) 7th Edition
Biomimetic Nanocomposites to Control Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Susan Liao, Luong T. H. Nguyen, Michelle Ngiam, Charlene Wang, Ziyuan Cheng, Casey K. Chan, Seeram Ramakrishna
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

The design of biomimetic nanomaterials that can directly influence the behavior of cells and facilitate the regeneration of tissues and organs has become an active area of research. Here, the production of materials based on nano‐hydroxyapatite composites in scaffolds with nanofibrous and nanoporous topographies, designed to mimic the native bone matrix for applications in bone tissue engineering, is reported. Human mesenchymal stem cells grown on these nanocomposites are stimulated to rapidly produce bone minerals in situ, even in the absence of osteogenic supplements in the cell‐culture medium. Nanocomposites comprising type I collagen and nano‐hydroxyapatite are found to be especially efficient at inducing mineralization. When subcutaneously implanted into nude mice, this biomimetic nanocomposite is able to form a new bone matrix within only two weeks. Furthermore, when the nanocomposite is enriched with human mesenchymal stem cells before implantation, development of the bone matrix is accelerated to within one week. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study provides the first clear in vitro and in vivo demonstration of osteoinduction controlled by the material characteristics of a biomimetic nanocomposite. This approach can potentially facilitate the translation of de novo bone‐formation technologies to the clinic.
Cathodic voltage-controlled electrical stimulation of titanium implants as treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus periprosthetic infections
Authors: Mark T. Ehrensberger, Menachem E. Tobias, Scott R. Nodzo, Lisa A. Hansen, Nicole R. Luke-Marshall, Ross F. Cole, Linda M. Wild, Anthony A. Campagnari
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Reading, Writing, and Rage: The Terrible Price Paid by Victims of School Failure
Authors: Randi Jenssen Hagerman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Dorothy Ungerleider, an educational therapist, has written a sensitive, detailed history of a learningdisabled child's experience in the school and the family environment. She chronicles Tony Petri's experience through each grade with a detailed analysis of his triumphs and failures, academically and emotionally. She succeeds in realistically unraveling the entanglements of perceptual difficulties and emotional responses so that the final common pathway of school failure and lack of motivation is better understood. Anger and rage, fostered by years of failure and a poorly responsive educational system, are finally presented from a student's point of view, leaving us with new insights for early intervention. This is not an academic analysis of the emotional difficulties of learning-disabled children. It is simply one young man's story, described with all the character development and dramatic style of a novel. It is enjoyable reading because of a lively descriptive prose style, yet it is also
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin and Mortality in Acutely Ill Medical Patients
Authors: Ajay K. Kakkar, Claudio Cimminiello, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Rajiv Parakh, Chen Wang, Jean-François Bergmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Although thromboprophylaxis reduces the incidence of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients, an associated reduction in the rate of death from any cause has not been shown.We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to assess the effect of subcutaneous enoxaparin (40 mg daily) as compared with placebo--both administered for 10±4 days in patients who were wearing elastic stockings with graduated compression--on the rate of death from any cause among hospitalized, acutely ill medical patients at participating sites in China, India, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, the Philippines, and Tunisia. Inclusion criteria were an age of at least 40 years and hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure, severe systemic infection with at least one risk factor for venous thromboembolism, or active cancer. The primary efficacy outcome was the rate of death from any cause at 30 days after randomization. The primary safety outcome was the rate of major bleeding during and up to 48 hours after the treatment period.A total of 8307 patients were randomly assigned to receive enoxaparin plus elastic stockings with graduated compression (4171 patients) or placebo plus elastic stockings with graduated compression (4136 patients) and were included in the intention-to-treat population. The rate of death from any cause at day 30 was 4.9% in the enoxaparin group as compared with 4.8% in the placebo group (risk ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 1.2; P=0.83). The rate of major bleeding was 0.4% in the enoxaparin group and 0.3% in the placebo group (risk ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.7 to 3.1; P=0.35).The use of enoxaparin plus elastic stockings with graduated compression, as compared with elastic stockings with graduated compression alone, was not associated with a reduction in the rate of death from any cause among hospitalized, acutely ill medical patients. (Funded by Sanofi; LIFENOX ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00622648.).
Assessment of small bowel function in the elderly using a modified xylose tolerance test.
Authors: S G Webster, J T Leeming
Journal: Gut (1975)

Using the combined results of oral and intravenous xylose tests, it is demonstrated that 26 percent of a group of geriatric patients absorb from the small bowel less efficiently than younger subjects. The method used excludes poor renal function and incomplete bladder emptying as possible causes for the differences found between the two age groups. Altered gastric emptying is also excluded as a possible factor.
How to Evaluate and Manage Breast Lumps
Authors: Charles Eckert
Journal: JAMA (1975)

NOTHING is more certain to terrify a woman than the discovery of a lump in the breast. Her reaction will be to follow one of a number of courses of action. Fortunately, this will consist usually of a call to her family physician (or her gynecologist) with a request for an early appointment. Alternatively, and less wisely, she may decide to watch the lump for a while to be certain that her observation is correct, or with the hope that the lump will disappear. Fortunately, we see with decreasing frequency women who procrastinate in this way or who refuse to see a physician until the foul stench of ulceration or an obvious hemorrhage calls her family's attention to the problem, with resultant enforced medical care. Whether a tumor is found by a physician in the course of a physical examination, or, as is more frequent, the lump is accidently discovered
The Relation of Running to Bone and Joint Disease
Authors: William A. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent investigations of a possible linkage between running and osteoarthritis of the knee reported by Lane et al<sup>1</sup>and Panush et al<sup>2</sup>are interesting and important. The studies are similar in that each compares avid runners with controls (mainly nonrunners) and arrives at the general conclusion that running is not associated with osteoarthritis of the knee. Both groups of authors consider the possibility that a selection bias might be present but either rationalize or dismiss it. Lane et al identify three possible self-selection biases: (1) resistance to osteoarthritis in runners, (2) osteoarthritis preventing running in nonrunners, and (3) early cessation of running in previous runners due to pain. They indicate that potential bias should be minimized because comparison of a group that runs a lot against a control group should exaggerate differences between the groups. Is it possible that they underestimated the magnitude and
Factitious Fever and Self-Induced Infection
Authors: ROBERT P. ADUAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

We review in detail the syndromes of factitious fever and self-induced infection, with discussion of 32 cases studied at the National Institutes of Health and the extensive English language literature. In addition, we describe the nature of the underlying psychiatric illnesses and present guidelines for the diagnosis and management of these patients.
Differences in cancer incidence, mortality, and survival between African Americans and whites.
Authors: B Walker, L W Figgs, S H Zahm
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

This report highlights selected evidence of different cancer patterns among African Americans and whites and considers potential risk factors associated with these cancers. During the years 1987 to 1991, African Americans experienced higher incidence and mortality rates than whites for multiple myeloma and for cancers of the oropharynx, colorectum, lung and bronchus, cervix, and prostate. African Americans had lower incidence and mortality for cancer of the urinary bladder. The incidence of breast cancer was higher among white women, but mortality was higher among African American women. Five-year relative survival for the period 1983 to 1990 was generally lower among African Americans than whites for cancers of the oropharynx, colorectum, cervix, prostate, and female breast but slightly higher for multiple myeloma. From 1973 to 1991, there were significant declines in cervical cancer incidence among women of both races, oropharyngeal cancer mortality among whites, and bladder cancer mortality for whites and African Americans. Risk factors for the more prominent cancers suggest that efforts aimed at changing lifestyles, achieving socioeconomic parity, and insuring environmental equity are likely to relieve African Americans of much of their disproportionate cancer burden.
Anatomical Factors Influencing the Technique of Transurethral Resection for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Authors: C. Kölln, R. Flocks
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

The importance of recognition of normal and pathological anatomical characteristics of the urethra, prostate, bladder neck and benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the recognition of the role of the arterial blood distribution throughout the prostate and the venous return from the prostatic area is outlined. It is described how these factors influence the technique of transurethral resection for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Remodeling of gap junctions and slow conduction in a mouse model of desmin-related cardiomyopathy
Authors: J GARD, K YAMADA, K GREEN, B ELOFF, D ROSENBAUM, X WANG, J ROBBINS, R SCHUESSLER, K YAMADA, J SAFFITZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

We studied a transgenic mouse model of human desmin-related cardiomyopathy with cardiac-specific expression of a 7-amino acid deletion mutation in desmin (D7-des) to test the hypothesis that impaired linkage between desmin and desmosomes alters expression and function of the electrical coupling protein, connexin43 (Cx43).Expression of Cx43 and selected mechanical junctions proteins was characterized in left ventrices of D7-des and control mice by quantitative confocal microscopy and immunoblotting. Remodeling of gap junctions was also analyzed by electron microscopic morphometry. The electrophysiological phentoype of D7-des mice was characterized by electrocardiography and optical mapping of transmembrane voltage.Cx43 signal at intercalated disks was decreased by approximately 3-fold in D7-des ventricular tissue due to reductions in both gap junction number and size. Immunoreactive signal at cell-cell junctions was also reduced significantly for adhesion molecules and linker proteins of desmosomes and fascia adherens junctions. Electron microscopy showed decreased gap junction remodeling. However, immunoblotting showed that the total tissue content of Cx43 and mechanical junction proteins was not reduced, suggesting that diminished signal at cell-cell junctions was not due to insufficient protein expression, but to failure of these proteins to assemble properly within electrical and mechanical junctions. Remodeling of gap junctions in D7-des mice led to slowing of ventricular conduction as demonstrated by optical electrophysiological mapping.These results illustrate how a defect in a protein conventionally thought to fulfill a mechanical function in the heart can also lead to electrophysiological alterations that may contribute to arrhythmogenesis.
The Health Cost of 'Tight' Homes
Authors: Peter A. Breysse
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Home insulation means energy conservation. How can one find fault with a concept that, it is hoped, will allow us to reduce our dependence on foreign oil? Unfortunately, the present energy conservation program as it applies to building structures and, most important, to homes involves making our habitable structures as "tight" as possible. There is no doubt that unless a reasonable and logical plan is developed, the deleterious health impacts of excessive home tightening will be enormous. The use of urea formaldehyde foam insulation and particle board resulting in long-term formaldehyde release simply highlights some of these consequences (see p 243). Formaldehyde's potential for causing skin disease has been well documented: it can induce dermatitis by irritation, delayed-type hypersensitivity, and immediate urticarial reactions. It can result in irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Formaldehyde has also been incriminated in the induction of an inflammatory bronchitis and bronchial asthma.
Letter: Possible hazard of nitrous oxide for hysteroscopy.
Authors: J A Hulf, I Corall, L Strunin, K Knights, J Newton
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Anticonvulsant Osteomalacia and Vitaniln D SIR,--Controversial data concerning the effect of vitamin D on anticonvulsant osteomalacia have recently been reported in the B.M.7.1-3In 1971 we reported a preliminary study using photon absorptiometry in which we found de- creased bone mineral content (B.M.C.), decreased serum calcium values, and increased alkaline phosphatase activity in nine epileptic patients treated with anticonvulsants as compared with 10 psychiatric patients resident in the same epileptic colony.4 5 Six months' treatment with 50 000 IU vitamin D2 daily was unable to affect the mean values of B.M.C. in any of the groups.6In the following year both groups were given a reduced dose of 2400 IU vitamin D2 daily without dietary calcium supplements, but the B.M.C. values re- mained constant.In the following six months a dietary calcium supplement of calcium lactate 3 g/day was added to the vitamin D treatment, B.M.C. values remaining unaltered.The serum calcium values gradually returned to normal and have remained normal since the eighth month of vitamin D treatment.Serum alkaline phosphatase levels remained elevated in the epileptic patients during the whole period of treatment.Our results of long-term treatment with varying doses of vitamin D and calcium intake in a small group of epileptic patients are in some respects in disagreement with those of Clristiansen et al.,' who were able to demonstrate a 4% increase in B.M.C. following three months' treatment with 2000 IU vitamin D2 and calcium supplements in a large group of epileptics.Our finding of unaltered serum alkaline phosphatase values for more than two years of treatment seem to support the assumption of Rowe and Stamp2 that the elevated levels in adult epileptics are mainly due to increase in the hepatic isoenzyme.We have been unable to relate variations in serum calcium to B.M.C. values, but we agree with the statement of Christiansen et al. that prophylactic vitamin D supplements might prove to be beneficial to antiepileptic- treated patients.-Weare, etc.,
A Focus of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever within New York City
Authors: Miklos P. Salgo, Edward E. Telzak, Brian Currie, David C. Perlman, Nathan Litman, Michael Levi, Gerald Nathenson, Jorge L. Benach, Rafi Al-Hafidh, Joan Casey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

In the spring and summer of 1987, four persons acquired Rocky Mountain spotted fever within New York City, an area in which the disease had not previously been known to be endemic. Three of the four patients were residents of the Soundview area of the Bronx. All diagnoses were confirmed by indirect fluorescent antibody tests. Environmental investigation revealed that the tick vector for Rickettsia rickettsii, Dermacentor variabilis, was present in a local park. Of the 66 specimens of D. variabilis collected, 5 (8 percent) were positive for rickettsiae from the spotted fever group. Of an additional 96 specimens of D. variabilis, 5 (5 percent) were found positive for rickettsiae by a more specific monoclonal antibody assay. Eight additional New York City parks in all five boroughs were searched for ticks. D. variabilis was found in only one other park; of the 147 ticks collected there, none were positive for rickettsiae. These findings emphasize the focal nature of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and the need to consider that disease in the differential diagnosis of any obscure acute febrile illness, even in the absence of a history of travel to known endemic areas. (N Engl J Med 1988; 318:1345–8.)
Hypochromic vitiligo: delineation of a new entity
Authors: K. Ezzedine, A. Mahé, N. van Geel, N. Cardot-Leccia, Y. Gauthier, V. Descamps, A. Al Issa, F. Ly, O. Chosidow, A. Taïeb, T. Passeron
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Hypochromic vitiligo is a rare entity that has been reported only twice under the term 'vitiligo minor', with an absence of clear delineation.To delineate hypochromic vitiligo through a case series of patients with typical bilateral hypopigmented lesions affecting the face and trunk.This is a retrospective multicentric evaluation study conducted in eight departments of dermatology in France, Belgium, Senegal and Saudi Arabia.Twenty-four cases of hypochromic vitiligo were identified. Fourteen were men and 10 women. The mean age at diagnosis was 35·4 years (range 8-66). Strikingly, all patients were dark skinned, with skin types V and VI. The pattern of distribution was highly similar in most of the patients (18 of 24), with involvement of the face and neck area predominating on seborrhoeic areas associated with multiple isolated hypopigmented macules involving predominantly the scalp. The retrospective nature of this study is its main limitation.Hypochromic vitiligo is not yet part of a conventional classification. The disease seems to be limited to individuals with dark skin types. Hypopigmented seborrhoeic face and neck involvement associated with hypopigmented macules of the trunk and scalp is the hallmark of the disease.
Effects of KIR ligand incompatibility on clinical outcomes of umbilical cord blood transplantation without ATG for acute leukemia in complete remission
Authors: J Tanaka, Y Morishima, Y Takahashi, T Yabe, K Oba, S Takahashi, S Taniguchi, H Ogawa, Y Onishi, K Miyamura, H Kanamori, N Aotsuka, K Kato, S Kato, Y Atsuta, Y Kanda
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

To clarify the effect of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) ligand incompatibility on outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients in complete remission after single cord blood transplantation (CBT), we assessed the outcomes of CBT registered in the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (JSHCT) database. A total of 643 acute leukemia (357 AML and 286 ALL) patient and donor pairs were categorized according to their KIR ligand incompatibility by determining whether or not they expressed HLA-C, Bw4 or A3/A11 by DNA typing. A total of 128 patient-donor pairs were KIR ligand-incompatible in the graft-versus-host (GVH) direction and 139 patient-donor pairs were incompatible in the host-versus-graft (HVG) direction. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed no significant differences between the KIR ligand-incompatible and compatible groups in the GVH direction for both AML and ALL patients of overall survival, disease-free survival, relapse incidence, non-relapse mortality and acute GVH disease. However, KIR incompatibility in the HVG direction ameliorated engraftment in ALL patients (hazard ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.47-0.91, P=0.013). Therefore, there were no effects of KIR ligand incompatibility in the GVH direction on single CBT outcomes for acute leukemia patients without anti-thymocyte globulin use. However, it is necessary to pay attention to KIR incompatibility in the HVG direction for engraftment.