tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The HIV-1 vpr Protein Acts as a Negative Regulator of Apoptosis in a Human Lymphoblastoid T Cell Line: Possible Implications for the Pathogenesis of AIDS
Authors: L. Conti, G. Rainaldi, P. Matarrese, B. Varano, R. Rivabene, S. Columba, A. Sato, F. Belardelli, W. Malorni, S. Gessani
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Although apoptosis is considered one of the major mechanisms of CD4+ T cell depletion in HIV-infected patients, the virus-infected cells somehow appear to be protected from apoptosis, which generally occurs in bystander cells. Vpr is an auxiliary HIV-1 protein, which, unlike the other regulatory gene products, is present at high copy number in virus particles. We established stable transfectants of CD4+ T Jurkat cells constitutively expressing low levels of vpr. These clones exhibited cell cycle characteristics similar to those of control-transfected cells. Treatment of control clones with apoptotic stimuli (i.e., cycloheximide/tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), anti-Fas antibody, or serum starvation) resulted in a massive cell death by apoptosis. In contrast, all the vpr-expressing clones showed an impressive protection from apoptosis independently of the inducer. Notably, vpr antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides render vpr-expressing cells as susceptible to apoptosis induced by cycloheximide and TNF-α as the control clones. Moreover, the constitutive expression of HIV-1 vpr resulted in the upregulation of bcl-2, an oncogene endowed with antiapoptotic activities, and in the downmodulation of bax, a proapoptotic factor of the bcl-2 family. Altogether, these results suggest that low levels of the endogenous vpr protein can interfere with the physiological turnover of T lymphocytes at early stages of virus infection, thus facilitating HIV persistence and, subsequently, viral spread. This might explain why apoptosis mostly occurs in bystander uninfected cells in AIDS patients.
Myocarditis Associated With Methyldopa Therapy
Authors: Florabel G. Mullick
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Five patients with hypertension died as a result of myocarditis. Three were treated with methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide, two with methyldopa alone. Their ages ranged from 30 to 71 years. In all instances death occurred suddenly, and myocarditis was not suspected clinically. The inflammatory changes in the hearts of these patients were most consistent with a hypersensitivity reaction. Additionally, there was hepatitis consistent with hypersensitivity in four of the cases. (<i>JAMA</i>237:1699-1701, 1977)
Association of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and X‐linked chronic granulomatous disease in a child with anemia and recurrent infections
Authors: Piedad Agudelo‐Flórez, Beatriz T. Costa‐Carvalho, Juan Alvaro López, Jussara Redher, Peter E. Newburger, Sara Teresinha Olalla‐Saad, Antonio Condino‐Neto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Patients with severe leukocyte G6PD deficiency may present with impairment of NADPH oxidase activity and a history of recurrent infections, mimicking the phenotype of chronic granulomatous disease. We report herein a child with recurrent infections who initially received the diagnosis of G6PD deficiency. His erythrocyte G6PD activity was reduced: 1.8 U/g Hb (normal: 12.1 ± 2.1 U/g Hb). Further studies revealed that G6PD activity in neutrophils, mononuclear leukocytes, and Epstein‐Barr virus‐transformed B‐lymphocytes from the proband was similar to healthy controls. Molecular studies showed that the G6PD deficiency was due a 202 G→A mutation, the A − variant common in African ethnic groups. The proband also exhibited severely impaired respiratory burst activity, as observed in X‐linked CGD. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA showed a 264 G→A substitution at the 3′ splice junction of gp91‐ phox exon 3. The cDNA sequence showed a deletion of gp91‐ phox exon 3, giving rise to an unstable or nonfunctional mutant gp91‐ phox and to the phenotype of X‐linked CGD. We propose that clinicians treating a patient with G6PD deficiency during a severe infection episode consider the possibility of temporary or permanent impairment of the phagocytes' microbicidal activity and the eventual association of G6PD deficiency and chronic granulomatous disease. Am. J. Hematol. 75:151–156, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expanding Disease Definitions in Guidelines and Expert Panel Ties to Industry: A Cross-sectional Study of Common Conditions in the United States
Authors: Raymond N. Moynihan, Georga P. E. Cooke, Jenny A. Doust, Lisa Bero, Suzanne Hill, Paul P. Glasziou
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Background Financial ties between health professionals and industry may unduly influence professional judgments and some researchers have suggested that widening disease definitions may be one driver of over-diagnosis, bringing potentially unnecessary labeling and harm. We aimed to identify guidelines in which disease definitions were changed, to assess whether any proposed changes would increase the numbers of individuals considered to have the disease, whether potential harms of expanding disease definitions were investigated, and the extent of members' industry ties. Methods and Findings We undertook a cross-sectional study of the most recent publication between 2000 and 2013 from national and international guideline panels making decisions about definitions or diagnostic criteria for common conditions in the United States. We assessed whether proposed changes widened or narrowed disease definitions, rationales offered, mention of potential harms of those changes, and the nature and extent of disclosed ties between members and pharmaceutical or device companies. Of 16 publications on 14 common conditions, ten proposed changes widening and one narrowing definitions. For five, impact was unclear. Widening fell into three categories: creating “pre-disease”; lowering diagnostic thresholds; and proposing earlier or different diagnostic methods. Rationales included standardising diagnostic criteria and new evidence about risks for people previously considered to not have the disease. No publication included rigorous assessment of potential harms of proposed changes. Among 14 panels with disclosures, the average proportion of members with industry ties was 75%. Twelve were chaired by people with ties. For members with ties, the median number of companies to which they had ties was seven. Companies with ties to the highest proportions of members were active in the relevant therapeutic area. Limitations arise from reliance on only disclosed ties, and exclusion of conditions too broad to enable analysis of single panel publications. Conclusions For the common conditions studied, a majority of panels proposed changes to disease definitions that increased the number of individuals considered to have the disease, none reported rigorous assessment of potential harms of that widening, and most had a majority of members disclosing financial ties to pharmaceutical companies. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Long-Term Survival after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Mickey S. Eisenberg, Alfred Hallstrom, Lawrence Bergner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

EFFORTS to resuscitate the dead are as old as recorded history, and many techniques, including magic, ritual, and shamanism, have been employed.1 , 2 It is only in recent years that measures that regularly resuscitate patients from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have been developed. Special emergency-service programs, known as paramedic programs and numbering over 300 in the United States, provide advanced cardiac life support after cardiac arrest.3 Well-documented studies demonstrate hospital discharge rates of up to 30 per cent for patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation.4 5 6 7 Despite numerous descriptions of paramedic programs and documentation of hospital admission and discharge rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, . . .
WHICH SEX DOTH PREVAIL?
Authors: John Money
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A communication by Green, Stoller, and MacAndrew in the May issue of the American Journal of Diseases of Children  1 raises again in medicine an issue for which an interpretation of the common law was handed down by the great English jurist, Lord Coke, in the 16th century. He noted that an hermaphrodite should succeed according to the kind of sex which doth prevail. In Coke's time, the prevailing sex could be determined by either examination or autopsy. By the end of the 19th century, exploratory surgery had become feasible, as a diagnostic routine. The microscope could reveal gonadal histology and was made the great arbiter of true hermaphroditism vs male and female pseudohermaphroditism of Klebs. Neugebauer epitomized the moral tone of his times at the end of the last century. With warnings about mistakes of sex assignment, as in the possible appearance of a wolf in the sheepfold at
CLINICAL GUIDELINE: Diagnosing Syncope: Part 2: Unexplained Syncope
Authors: Mark Linzer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Purpose: To review the literature on diagnostic testing in syncope that remains unexplained after initial clinical assessment. Data Sources: MEDLINE search. Study Selection: Published papers were selected if they addressed diagnostic testing in syncope, near syncope, or dizziness. Data Extraction: Studies were identified as population studies, referral studies, or case series. Data Synthesis: After a thorough history, physical examination, and electrocardiography, the cause of syncope remains undiagnosed in 50% of patients. In such patients, information may be derived from the results of carefully selected diagnostic tests, especially 1) electrophysiologic studies in patients with organic heart disease, 2) Holter monitoring or telemetry in patients known to have or suspected of having heart disease, 3) loop monitoring in patients with frequent events and normal hearts, 4) psychiatric evaluation in patients with frequent events and no injury, and 5) tilt-table testing in patients who have infrequent events or in whom vasovagal syncope is suspected. Hospitalization is indicated for high-risk patients, especially those with known heart disease and elderly patients. Conclusions: A flexible, focused approach is required to diagnose syncope. Features of the initial history and physical examination help guide diagnostic testing.
Young doctors, old lawyers
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2003)

When it comes to choosing a doctor, or for that matter a lawyer, age is clearly one of the determining factors. An old saying on this subject, “old lawyers and young doctors,” would suggest that doctors should be young, enthusiastic, brimming with energy, but that lawyers are at their best when they are older, more seasoned, and more experienced.

Anthony Trollope addresses this subject (from the perspective of choosing a lawyer) in one his lesser known novels, Orley Farm …
Post-operative absorption of water from the small intestine
Authors: L. F. Tinckler, W. Kulke
Journal: Gut (1963)

An investigation of water absorption from the small intestine after abdominal surgery has produced more detailed information on the effect of trauma on the motility of the gastro-intestinal tract. Whereas after trauma the equilibration of tritiated water given by the oral and colonic routes is retarded, given by the jejunal route it is normal.
Improving the Quality of Long-term Care
Authors: Robert L. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Quality of long-term care can be improved by changing the strategies used to monitor it. Nursing home care has been the subject of intensive regulations, while it has been neglected by physicians. Newer forms of long-term care are coming under stricter oversight, which may stifle the innovations they offer. Greater but different attention is needed: more creativity can be fostered with better accountability by emphasizing long-term care outcomes. It is unrealistic to require that long-term care patients will improve; good outcomes are defined as doing as well as or better than expected. The Minimum Data Set for nursing homes offers a mechanism to generate data on many pertinent outcomes. An outcomes focus would encourage more collective action by the various parties involved in providing long-term care, including physicians. Clinicians are reluctant to assume responsibility for outcomes they feel unable to strongly influence, but they must recognize that part of their role is to engender cooperation from the myriad participants in long-term care, including patients and their families. Better-quality long-term care may cost more, but it may be possible to use less expensive personnel more creatively if current regulations are modified. Managed care arrangements offer one vehicle for reorganizing care and could provide the appropriate incentives to make positive changes. However, they could also lead to minimalist strategies. Accountability for realistic outcomes can provide the needed countervailing regulatory pressure.
Block/homo polyplex micelle-based GM-CSF gene therapy via intraperitoneal administration elicits antitumor immunity against peritoneal dissemination and exhibits safety potentials in mice and cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Masahiro Ohgidani, Koichi Furugaki, Kentaro Shinkai, Yumi Kunisawa, Keiji Itaka, Kazunori Kataoka, Kenji Nakano
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Shape changes in static V-P loops from children's lungs related to growth.
Authors: D G Fagan
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Sixty-eight sets of deflation data from the left lungs of children who had died from non-pulmonary causes were analysed by the exponential equation model to derive theoretical values of Pst(1) for 50, 60, and 90% of the observed maximum inflation volume. The resultant P50, 60, and 90 values were compared to the same values measured from graphic displays of the V-P data. The graphically derived Pst(1) data at 50, 60, and 90% of TLC were then plotted against the crown-heel length to demonstrate a shape change related to physical growth. It was found that the form of the deflation curve in preterm infants did not fit an exponential model as satisfactorily as did the deflation curve from older children. The exponential model should be used with caution in small infants where Pst(1) values below P90 are sought. A maximum inflation pressure of +30 cm H2O was found to produce a Vmax within 98% of the hypothetical VINF value.
Clarification Needed on Medicare Part B Payment Policy
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erythroid colony growth in congenital hypoplastic anemia.
Authors: M H Freedman, D Amato, E F Saunders
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Four children with congenital hypoplastic anemia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome) and 30 control children with normal erythropoiesis were studied by a cell culture method in which human marrow, grown in a plasma clot, responds to added erythropoietin (EPO) with the appearance of discrete colonies of nucleated erythroid cells. The colonies arise from EPO-responsive stem cells and are not related to the number of morphologically identifiable marrow erythroids plated. Results of studies on control marrow indicated that without EPO there was little or no colony formation. Increasing EPO doses or nucleated marrow cells per culture resulted in a linear increase in colony numbers. The optimal EPO concentration of 2.5 U/ml yielded a mean of 158 +/- 79 colonies/1 x 10(5) nucleated cells on day 7 of incubation. Even in the absence of recognizable erythroids, marrows of all four patients with anemia grew erythroid colonies. Two patients on no therapy had decreased colony numbers. The other two, on prednisone, had normal numbers. Sera from patients did not inhibit colony formation from either autologous or control marrow. In contrast, serum from an adult with acquired pure red cell aplasia produced striking inhibition of colony growth. It appears that the red cell failure in this disorder is not due to an absence of erythroid stem cells, and a serum inhibitor to erythropoiesis as seen in the acquired disease is unlikely.
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mediates acid aspiration-induced lung injury.
Authors: T Nagase, E Ohga, E Sudo, H Katayama, Y Uejima, T Matsuse, Y Fukuchi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Acid-aspiration-induced injury is one of the leading causes of adult respiratory distress syndrome. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a ligand for lymphocyte-function-associated antigen-1 alpha (LFA-1 alpha), and it has been shown to be required for leukocyte migration into inflamed areas. The purpose of this report was to investigate the role of the ICAM-1/LFA-1 alpha pathway in a rat model of acid-aspiration-induced injury. Animals received 3.0 ml/kg HCI (0.1N; pH, 1.0) intratracheally pretreated with control monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (HCI group) or anti-ICAM-1 and LFA-1 alpha mAbs (Test group). In the HCI group, increases in lung resistance (RL) (229 +/- 23% baseline), lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) (11.9 +/- 0.4), protein concentration (TP) (0.447 +/- 0.054 mg/ml), and the number of neutrophils (PMN) (159.0 +/- 19.4 x 10(4)) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were observed. In the Test group, HCI-induced injury was significantly reduced (RL, 122 +/- 7% baseline; W/D, 7.2 +/- 0.1; TP, 0.277 +/- 0.016 mg/ml; PMN, 8.8 +/- 0.8 x 10(4)). The administration of mAbs to ICAM-1 and LFA-1 alpha after HCI instillation partially attenuated HCI-induced responses. These observations suggest that the ICAM-1/LFA-1 alpha pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by acid aspiration.
Bill will give Americans right to buy cheaper drugs
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The US House of Representatives voted to make it easier for individuals to import low cost prescription drugs from foreign countries for their own use, after rejecting a more sweeping proposal to allow bulk imports by drug wholesalers and pharmacies.

Both proposals reflected growing concern about high drug costs among US consumers. Similar legislation passed the US House and Senate last year, but it included an escape clause that was invoked by both the Clinton …
Heparins and Heparin Units
Authors: Richard M. Prus
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The difference in potency of heparin from various tissues is the reason that dosages must be expressed in units of activity rather than in milligrams. Since by<i>United States Pharmacopoeia</i>standards 1 mg of heparin sodium from lung tissue is not less than 120 USP units, while 1 mg of heparin sodium from intestinal mucosa is not less than 140 USP units, a prescribed dose of 100 mg would be at least 12,000 units of lung heparin or at least 14,000 units of the more potent intestinal mucosa heparin. A dose prescribed as 10,000 units, however, gives the same degree of response regardless of the source of the heparin. Since dosage is titrated according to response, the source of the heparin is unimportant. In surgical procedures involving heparinization followed by neutralization, however, there can be problems. These problems are not due to variations in heparin activity, but
Serum Levels of Beta1C Globulin, a Complement Component, in the Nephritides, Lipoid Nephrosis, and Other Conditions *
Authors: Clark D. West, J. D. Northway, Neil C. Davis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

Evidence for the participation of complement in the immune reaction responsible for renal lesions in the nephritides was first reported by Gunn in 1915 (1), who showed that complement was re- duced in the serum of patients with acute nephritis following scarlet fever.Subsequently, re- duced serum complement levels have been reported not only in acute nephritis but also in sub- acute and chronic nephritis, disseminated lupus erythematosus with renal involvement, lipoid nephrosis of children (2-5), and in the nephritis resulting from experimental hypersensitivity in animals (6).The recent isolation and identification of various complement components as discrete proteins al- low a new approach to the study of complement participation in renal disease.One of these com- ponents, known from its position in the immuno- electrophoretic pattern as p,1c-globulin, has been studied extensively by Muller-Eberhard, Nilsson, and Aronsson (7) and Mfiller-Eberhard and Nilsson (8).These workers have found, from im- munoelectrophoretic analyses of serum, that this protein can be present in two forms: 81c and f1A.Alc is present only in fresh serum; as the serum ages, the arc representing flic is replaced by one representing ,13A, a protein of slightly greater mo- bility.In serums of intermediate age, both 81c and ,81A can be seen, the arcs joining to produce a single arc with a double inflection.Conversion of Al1C to /81A can be hastened by incubating the serum at 370 C or by adding zymosan, hydrazine, im-
One-year follow-up after intravascular ultrasound assessment of moderate left main coronary artery disease in patients with ambiguous angiograms
Authors: Andrea S. Abizaid, Gary S. Mintz, Alexandre Abizaid, Roxana Mehran, Alexandra J. Lansky, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Hongsheng Wu, Kenneth M. Kent, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Sirsasana (Headstand) Pose Causing Compressive Myelopathy With Myelomalacia
Authors: Michelle A. Ferreira, Nestor Galvez-Jimenez
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal