tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant and adjunctive chemotherapy in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. A meta-analysis of prospective and randomized trials.
Authors: S El-Sayed, N Nelson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE Using the technique of meta-analysis, we aim to illustrate the potential benefit, or lack of it, in adding chemotherapy to locoregional definitive treatment in a prospective randomized setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS Mantel-Haenszel summary analyses were used to test 42 prospective and properly randomized trials for statistically significant differences in the proportion with side effects and in the proportion with response to treatment between the experimental treatment arm (including chemotherapy) and control arm (local definitive treatment only) of the study. Summarized estimates of relative risks of side effects and relative proportions of positive responses were obtained using the summarizing options in PROC FREQ in the SAS computer package. In 25 of 42 studies, sufficient survival information was available to estimate the effect of chemotherapy on the rate of dying per person per unit of time. RESULTS Chemotherapy, when added to local definitive treatment, was found to increase toxicity. This increase is statistically significant. The relative proportion of side effects was 2.17, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.84 to 2.56 and P less than .001. Addition of chemotherapy to local treatment has reduced the mortality rate for treated patients by 11% in the total group (all 25 studies), with a 95% confidence interval of 1% to 19%. This reduction means that at the time 50% of patients in the control arm were still alive, 54% of patients who received chemotherapy would be expected to be alive. Concurrent treatment (11 studies) has reduced the mortality rate by 22%, with a 95% confidence interval of 8% to 33%, which means that at the time 50% of patients in the control arm were still alive, 58% of patients who received chemotherapy would be expected to be alive. CONCLUSION Addition of chemotherapy to local definitive treatment has significantly increased the morbidity of treatment as well as the chance of initial tumor response and local control. A statistically significant improvement in survival was found for the simultaneous use of chemotherapy and local definitive treatment.
Combination Therapy With Reovirus and Anti-PD-1 Blockade Controls Tumor Growth Through Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
Authors: Karishma Rajani, Christopher Parrish, Timothy Kottke, Jill Thompson, Shane Zaidi, Liz Ilett, Kevin G Shim, Rosa-Maria Diaz, Hardev Pandha, Kevin Harrington, Matt Coffey, Alan Melcher, Richard Vile
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Oncolytic reovirus can be delivered both systemically and intratumorally, in both preclinical models and in early phase clinical trials. Reovirus has direct oncolytic activity against a variety of tumor types and antitumor activity is directly associated with immune activation by virus replication in tumors. Immune mechanisms of therapy include both innate immune activation against virally infected tumor cells, and the generation of adaptive antitumor immune responses as a result of in vivo priming against tumor-associated antigens. We tested the combination of local oncolytic reovirus therapy with systemic immune checkpoint inhibition. We show that treatment of subcutaneous B16 melanomas with a combination of intravenous (i.v.) anti-PD-1 antibody and intratumoral (i.t.) reovirus significantly enhanced survival of mice compared to i.t. reovirus (P < 0.01) or anti-PD-1 therapy alone. In vitro immune analysis demonstrated that checkpoint inhibition improved the ability of NK cells to kill reovirus-infected tumor cells, reduced T(reg) activity, and increased the adaptive CD8(+) T-cell-dependent antitumor T-cell response. PD-1 blockade also enhanced the antiviral immune response but through effector mechanisms which overlapped with but also differed from those affecting the antitumor response. Therefore, combination with checkpoint inhibition represents a readily translatable next step in the clinical development of reovirus viroimmunotherapy.
Ethical issues in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with acute respiratory failure (IPF-ARF): An Italian survey
Authors: Raffaele Scala, Stefano Nava, Antonio Corrado, Marco Confalonieri, Nicola Facciolongo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aims:  To determine Italian Pulmonologist9s attitudes and behaviour towards diagnostic and therapeutical choices in competent IPF-ARF patients.   Methods:  A web-site survey (30-items questionnaire) was sent to all the members of the Study Groups of  Respiratory Intensive Care  and  Diffuse Lung Diseases  of  Italian Association of Italian Pulmonologists  (January-March 2009).   Results:  248/370 (67%) physicians responded to the questionnaire (>60%:over-fifties, male, Catholics).  About 75% of respondents agreed on having  anticipated directives  and on eventually communicating  bad news  about IPF-ARF.  >75% of respondents answered that any diagnostic (BAL and/or TBB) and therapeutical choices (drugs,ventilation,palliative care) should be discussed with the patients and relatives. However, almost 50% of respondents reported to start ventilation and palliative care only in   BAL under NIV was recommended to eventually find the cause of ARF by half of respondents, while 77% reported to perform BAL and/or TBB in   More responders stated that NIV was not likely to improve survival (76.7% vs 10.0%) and to facilitate the communication with the relatives (50.7% vs 19.4%). 43.5% of the physicians did not agree on the concept of using NIV to reduce dyspnea and 40% on its use to gain time for end-of-life decisions. >60% of the respondents considered to perform NIV and intubation when a reversible ARF cause is supposed.  About 60% of the respondents used NIV and palliation in  90% of them intubated patients in    Conclusions:  A discrepancy between attitudes and behaviour of Italian Pulmonologists emerged towards IPF-ARF issues.
Cetuximab and Concurrent Radiation (Ctx-Rt) for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (Scchn) in Elderly and Multi-Morbid Patients
Authors: H.R. Callata Carhuapoma, C. Aguado, G. Vazquez, S. Cabezas Camarero, M. Sotelo Lezama, M.C. Iglesias Moreno, A. Manzano, D. Acosta, E. Díaz-Rubio, P. Perez Segura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The Applicability of Biomonitoring Data for Perfluorooctanesulfonate to the Environmental Public Health Continuum
Authors: John L. Butenhoff, Geary W. Olsen, Andrea Pfahles-Hutchens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Perfluorooctanesulfonate and its salts (PFOS) are derived from perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride, the basic chemical building block for many sulfonyl-based fluorochemicals used as surfactants and for their repellent properties. PFOS is highly persistent in the environment and has a long serum elimination half-life in both animals and humans. PFOS has been detected globally in the environment and in blood serum in various populations throughout the world, with the majority of human sampling done in the United States and Japan. The mechanisms and pathways leading to the presence of PFOS in human blood are not well characterized but likely involve both direct exposures to PFOS or chemicals and materials that can degrade to PFOS, either in the environment or from industrial and commercial uses. In 2000 the 3M Company, a major manufacturer, announced a phaseout of PFOS-related materials. Animal studies indicate that PFOS is well absorbed orally and distributes mainly in blood serum and the liver. Several repeat-dose toxicology studies in animals consistently demonstrated that the liver is the primary target organ. In addition there is a steep dose response for mortality in sexually mature rats and primates as well as in neonatal rats and mice exposed in utero. Several biomonitoring research needs that have been identified on PFOS include additional data from general populations pertaining to other matrices besides blood; matched serum and urine samples from humans and research animals; and comparison of whole blood, serum, and plasma concentrations from the same individuals.
Antimicrobial resistance of nasopharyngeal pneumococci from children from day-care centres and orphanages in Russia: results of a unique prospective multicentre study
Authors: L.S. Stratchounski, R.S. Kozlov, P.C. Appelbaum, O.I. Kretchikova, K. Kosowska-Shick
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2006)
Quality of life after acute bronchiolitis in infancy
Authors: Leif Bjarte Rolfsjord, Håvard Ove Skjerven, Petter Mowinckel, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Egil Bakkeheim, Karin C.L. Carlsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Acute bronchiolitis, parental allergic disease, atopic eczema, male gender and parental stress are risk factors for asthma development. Quality of life (QoL) may be reduced in children with allergic disease, but prospective studies on risk factors for reduced QoL in infants are lacking. Aim: Are asthma risk factors, apart from acute bronchiolitis associated with QoL nine months after hospitalization for bronchiolitis? Methods: The Infant Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire (ITQOL(TM)) was sent to parents of 405 hospitalised infants included in a randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy of racemic adrenaline, the Bronchiolitis All SE-study. The 13 domains were analyzed by multiple linear regression including age at hospitalization, gender, atopic eczema, parental asthma and parental allergic rhinitis (risk factors). Results: Risk factors were similar for the 209 infants (mean age 13.2 months) who did and the 196 who did not return the questionnaire. Reduced QoL was found for atopic eczema (Table 1), parental asthma and female gender (four, two and one domain, respectively), but increased in children with parental allergic rhinitis (one domain).  Age of hospitalization did not influence any scores. Conclusion: QoL nine months after hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis was negatively associated with atopic eczema, parental asthma and female gender.
Abstract 3064: Importance of circulating tumor cells in newly diagnosed colorectal cancer
Authors: Guus van Dalum, Marco R. de Groot, Gerrit-Jan Stam, Loes F.A. Scholten, Walter J.B. Mastboom, Istvan Vermes, Arjan G.J. Tibbe, Leon W.M.M. Terstappen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). This study was conducted to determine if the presence of CTC prior to surgery and during follow-up in patients with newly diagnosed non-metastatic CRC identifies patients who are at risk for disease recurrence. Methods: In a prospective single center study 183 patients with newly diagnosed non-disseminated CRC scheduled for surgery were enrolled from 2003 till 2008 and followed up for a median of 5.1 years. CTC were enumerated with the CellSearch System in 4 aliquots of 7.5 ml of peripheral blood before and after surgery (1-26 weeks), after adjuvant therapy and 1, 2, 3 and 4 years after surgery. Findings: ≥1 CTC/ 30ml of blood were detected in 44 (24%) patients before surgery. CTC frequency did not change significantly at the time points after surgery. Patients with CTC before surgery had a significant decrease in Recurrence Free Survival (RFS, logrank test p=0.014) and Colon Cancer Related Survival (CCRS, p=0.002). Five year RFS dropped from 75% to 61% and five year CCRS from 83% to 69% for patients with CTC before surgery. In a multivariate analysis of CTC, T-Stage and N-stage, the presence of CTC and N-stage remained as significant factors for RFS and CCRS. Surprisingly the presence of CTC after surgery was not significantly associated with RFS and CCRS whereas CTC 2-3 years after surgery was again significantly associated with RFS and CCRS. Interpretation: The presence of CTC in patients with stage I-III CRC before surgery is associated with a significant reduction RFS and CCRS. Although similar amounts of CTC were detected within 3 months after surgery they were not associated with RFS or CCRS. In contrast CTC were again highly significant for RFS and CCRS 2-3 years after surgery. These findings suggest a role of CTC detection, to assess which patients need adjuvant treatment. To implement CTC detection in the non-metastatic setting a validated CTC detection technology is needed with increased sensitivity and specificity. Citation Format: Guus van Dalum, Marco R. de Groot, Gerrit-Jan Stam, Loes F.A. Scholten, Walter J.B. Mastboom, Istvan Vermes, Arjan G.J. Tibbe, Leon W.M.M. Terstappen. Importance of circulating tumor cells in newly diagnosed colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3064. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3064
Immunogenetics of a Thymus Antigen in Lymphoma-Prone and LymphomaResistant Colonies of Wild Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E P Blankenhorn, M B Gardner, J D Estes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

The Thy-1 (theta) antigen was identified in wild mice (Mus musculus), the frequency of its alleles was determined in two natural populations of wild mice, and the possible T-cell origin of spontaneous lymphomas was investigated in one of these populations. Reaction patterns for Thy-1 antigen with the use of direct cytoxicity and indirect absorption assays were identical in wild mice and inbred strains. Between 15 and 55 percent of viable spleen cells from healthy young or old wild mice were Thy-1 positive. Spleen, but not brain, cells from older wild mice were less strongly positive. Wild mice from the lymphoma-prone population were polymorphic for Thy-1alpha and Thy-1beta alleles, whereas wild mice from the lymphoma-resistant populations were homozygous for the Thy-1beta allele. Contrary to expectation, a higher frequency of the Thy-1beta allele was noted in the mice with lymphomas. Alleles at two other loci on chromosome number 9 (Mod-1alpha and Trfbeta) were fixed in both populations. The absence of detectable Thy-1 antigen on spleen cells (despite its detectability in undiminished titer in brain tissue) in 80 percent of mice with lymphomas, along with the absence of thymus involvement in the lymphomatous proliferations, suggested that these tumors are derived from an expansion of non-thymus-derived cells.
AN ANAPHYLACTIC RESPONSE DURING INSULIN SHOCK THERAPY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: EDWARD N. HINKO, MERYL M. FENTON, HARRY BALBEROR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

It is hoped that this report will serve to stimulate further investigations to close the gaps which exist in the knowledge of allergy to insulin, and to emphasize that sensitivity to insulin during shock therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia is not limited to decrease in tolerance and to local reactions, but may suddenly become manifest as an anaphylactic reaction demanding prompt and pro-appropriate treatment.
Phase II trial of everolimus and erlotinib in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: E. Massarelli, H. Lin, L.E. Ginsberg, H.T. Tran, J.J. Lee, J.R. Canales, M.D. Williams, G.R. Blumenschein, C. Lu, J.V. Heymach, M.S. Kies, V. Papadimitrakopoulou
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
The pattern and timing of breathing during graded exercise test in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Danilo Marcelo Prado, Renata Miossi, Fernanda Lima, Bruno Gualano, Hamilton Roschel, Eduardo Borba, Eloisa Bonfa, Ana Lucia Sá Pinto
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects all organs including the respiratory system. Abnormal control of breathing during maximal voluntary ventilation has been recently identified in this disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the pattern and timing of breathing at selected submaximal ventilatory stress in SLE.

Methods: Twenty consecutive women (age: 28.8±1.0 years) with SLE were selected and compared to an age and BMI matched group of 19 healthy women (CTRL) (age: 26.2±1.3 years). All of the subjects performed a progressive treadmill cardiopulmonary test until exhaustion. Data were analyzed at absolute isoventilation (40, 60 and 80 L/min).

Results: SLE presented lower relative aerobic fitness (VO2peak) (26.8±1.2 vs. 35.9±1.2 mL kg-1 min-1, p=0.001) than their healthy peers.

View this table:

Ventilatory parameters at different absolute isoventilation





Conclusion: These results demonstrated a thachypnoeic breathing pattern and shorter timing of ventilation in SLE woman during exercise. This suggests that the reduced aerobic capacity observed in SLE patients may be accompanied by ventilation-perfusion mismatches.
Translating cancer genomes and transcriptomes for precision oncology
Authors: Sameek Roychowdhury, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2015)

Abstract Understanding the molecular landscape of cancer has facilitated the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for clinical oncology. Developments in next‐generation DNA sequencing technologies have increased the speed and reduced the cost of sequencing the nucleic acids of cancer cells. This has unlocked opportunities to characterize the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of cancer for basic science research through projects like The Cancer Genome Atlas. The cancer genome includes DNA‐based alterations, such as point mutations or gene duplications. The cancer transcriptome involves RNA‐based alterations, including changes in messenger RNAs. Together, the genome and transcriptome can provide a comprehensive view of an individual patient's cancer that is beginning to impact real‐time clinical decision‐making. The authors discuss several opportunities for translating this basic science knowledge into clinical practice, including a molecular classification of cancer, heritable risk of cancer, eligibility for targeted therapies, and the development of innovative, genomic‐based clinical trials. In this review, key applications and new directions are outlined for translating the cancer genome and transcriptome into patient care in the clinic. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;75–88. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Carboplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide versus cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide: a randomized trial in stage III-IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
Authors: P F Conte, M Bruzzone, F Carnino, S Chiara, M Donadio, V Facchini, P Fioretti, G Foglia, A Gadducci, L Gallo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

One hundred sixty-four patients with stage III-IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma were randomized to receive cisplatin (CDDP) 50 mg/mq, doxorubicin 45 mg/mq, and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/mq (PAC) or carboplatin 200 mg/mq, doxorubicin 45 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/mq (CAC). To administer equitoxic doses at each cycle, the drug dosages were adjusted according to the hematologic toxicities experienced after the previous course; 44.7% of CAC and 21.1% of PAC patients required a dosage reduction at the second course (P = .002). Neither CAC nor PAC caused any clinically relevant neuro-nephrotoxicity; however, CDDP was administered with hydration and forced diuresis, while carboplatin was administered by rapid intravenous (IV) infusion. After six cycles, response rates were superimposable: 62.5% and 66.6% for CAC and PAC, respectively; pathologic complete responses (pCRs) were 16.7% for CAC and 23.2% for PAC; among patients with more than 2 cm residual disease, PAC induced more pCRs than CAC (eight of 52 or 15.4% v one of 42 or 2.4%, P = .07). Median survivals and progression-free survivals (PFSs) were 22.6 and 13.2 months for PAC, and 23.1 and 15.5 months for CAC, respectively; these differences are not significant. In conclusion, this trial demonstrates that equitoxic doses of PAC or CAC result in a similar response rate, PFS, and survival.
Brief Communication: Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Alpha-Fetoprotein in the Diagnosis of Gastric and Colonic Cancer: A Comparative Clinical Evaluation2
Authors: Mario Ravry, K. Robert Mcintire, C. G. Moertel, T. A. Waldmann, A. J. Schutt, Go Go
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Brief Communication: Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Alpha-Fetoprotein in the Diagnosis of Gastric and Colonic Cancer: A Comparative Clinical Evaluation Get access Mario Ravry, M.D, Mario Ravry, M.D 3Gastroenterology Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55901. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Robert Mcintire, M.D, K. Robert Mcintire, M.D 4National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Bethesda, Md. 20014. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. G. Moertel, M.D, C. G. Moertel, M.D 3Gastroenterology Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55901. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. A. Waldmann, M.D, T. A. Waldmann, M.D 4National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Bethesda, Md. 20014. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. J. Schutt, M.D, A. J. Schutt, M.D 3Gastroenterology Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55901. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Go Go, M.D Go Go, M.D 3Gastroenterology Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55901. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 3, March 1974, Pages 1019–1021, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.3.1019 Published: 01 March 1974 Article history Received: 30 October 1973 Accepted: 23 November 1973 Published: 01 March 1974
Epidemiology of Selected Sarcomas in Children 2
Authors: John J. Chabalko, Edward T. Creagan, Joseph F. Fraumeni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

To complement a previous survey of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma, we studied 399 death certificates of U.S. children who died in 1960–68 of others arc om as which occur primarily in soft tissue, and 297 hospital records from 15 institutions. Mortality was highest at ages 0–4 years and 15-19 years and was attributed mainly to fibrosarcoma and neurofibrosarcoma. The tumors primarily arose in the head and neck in younger children but predominated in the lower extremities in adolescents. This shift may be related to the accelerated rate of soft-tissue growth in limbs at the onset of puberty. Fibrosarcoma was the most common tumor at major sites, although liposarcoma predominated in the retroperitoneum and mediastinum and leiomyosarcoma in the gastrointestinal tract. Genetic determinants were suggested by 2 familial occurrences of sarcoma, an excess of brain and perhaps breast neoplasms in family members, and the relationship of certain cases to multiple neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease).