tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P3-12-12: Body mass index does not influence febrile neutropenia and delivered dose intensity in adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: D Mayr, G Hochreiner, D Fuchs, MA Fridrik
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background Obese patients are often not fully dosed when receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, which might influence the inferior outcomes seen in this patient population. Current guidelines recommend full, weight-based dosing of chemoherapy for obese patients. The aim of the present study was to assess toxicity and deliverable dose intensity in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Patients and Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective case review on patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer at our institution from 2009 to 2012. Data were extracted from electronic patient records and side effect were graded according to CTC AE 3.0 in the source data. Statistics: Chi-Square, Fisher's exact test, MANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. Software: SPSS 18. The study received approval from the local ethics comitee. Results We included 187 patients (185 female, 2 male) who received a total of 924 courses of chemotherapy with full eight-based dosing with either 6 courses of FEC-T (n = ,%) or TC (n = ,%). There were no differences accross BMI categories for age, gender, endocrine receptor expression, grading or her2-status. Obese patients had more unplanned admission (p = 0.008), infections (grade 3-4, p = 0.005, all grades, p = 0.025) and diarrhoe (all grades, p = 0.033) compared to normal-weight patients. This was not the case for overweight patients (p = 0.063, 0.322, 0.199, 0.107, 0.065). Obese and overweight patients had more constipation than normal-weight patients (all grades, p = 0.025 and 0.006, respectively). There were no signficant differences across weight categories for neutropenic fever, delivered dose intensity, dose reduction and premature discontinuation of therapy. Discussion Obese and overweight patients can be treated with full dose intensity and do not suffer from excessive serious complications compared to normal-weight patients. However, due to partly increased toxicity seen in obese patients, adequate supportive therapy is of particular importance. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-12-12.
Corticosteroids may be effective for most cases of croup, study shows
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A large multicentre trial in Canada has found that that most, if not all, children with croup benefit from treatment with a corticosteroid.

The authors of the randomised controlled trial say that a single dose of oral dexamethasone may be an effective treatment for mild croup. The benefits of dexamethasone for croup that is moderate to severe are already well established.

Although the researchers found, as expected, that among untreated children with mild croup the burden of disease was low, the trial showed small but consistent and important benefits from treatment. Dexamethasone improved recuperation and helped children sleep better, according to the researchers ( New …
Systemic sclerosis in Europe: first report from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials And Research (EUSTAR) group database
Authors: A Tyndall
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Under the auspices of the EULAR Standing Committee for International clinical Studies Including therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT), the EULAR Scleroderma Trials And Research (EUSTAR) group was officially founded in June 2004 during the Berlin EULAR congress. This was the culmination of 18 months’ intense activity by many people across Europe, and a summary is available on the website (http://www.EUSTAR.org). The logo (fig 1) features a star from a painting by Paul Klee, who himself succumbed to this dreadful disease.



 Figure 1  
 EUSTAR logo.



An integral part of the EUSTAR mission was the development of a Minimal Essential Data Set, called MEDS. This consists of a simple two page form …
New anti-herpes virus drug being tested
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Data are beginning to come in from testing of acyclovir (9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl] guanine), a potential new antiviral agent, against a variety of herpes virus infections. "This agent differs from other antiviral drugs in that it is activated only while in an infected cell," Jonathan H. Lass, MD, told a Research to Prevent Blindness seminar in Los Angeles. "The virus in the cell produces an enzyme that in turn activates acyclovir to block viral replication. Uninfected cells go about their normal processes undisrupted by the acyclovir because there is no activation of the drug within these cells." Deborah Pavan-Langston, MD, with whom Lass worked at Harvard Medical School, Boston, before going to Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, says that, specifically, herpes simplex virus-coded thymidine kinase starts a phosphorylation chain reaction with acyclovir. This results in production of an acyclovir triphosphate that has a much greater affinity (about 30-fold) for
Unusual Locations of Involvement by Malignancies
Authors: Charmaine Hon, Alvin K.H. Kwok, Tony W.H. Shek, Wing Y. Au
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.01.048 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12947077 Unusual Locations of Involvement by Malignancies CASE 4. BILATERAL HYPOPYON HERALDING CNS RELAPSE OF CUTANEOUS NATURAL KILLER CELL LYMPHOMA Charmaine HonxCharmaine HonSearch for articles by this author , Alvin K.H. KwokxAlvin K.H. KwokSearch for articles by this author , Tony W.H. ShekxTony W.H. ShekSearch for articles by this author , Wing Y. AuxWing Y. AuSearch for articles by this author Show More Queen Mary Hospital and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.01.048 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Disorders of the Cerebellum
Authors: John B. Selhorst
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The authors have a long-established interest in the cerebellum and its functions. The result is a thoughtfully organized and well-referenced book. The material collected is extensive and presented in a succinct manner. There are two basic divisions. In the first nine chapters cerebellar anatomy and physiology are detailed, and a description of the newly found aminergic inputs is included. Theories on cerebellar mechanisms are presented, based on the cerebellum's multiple excitatory and inhibitory interconnections. In animals, the results of responses to distant stimuli, direct stimulation, and ablation are reviewed, with differences between subprimates and primates explained. The relationship between the cerebellum, muscle spindles, and hypotonia is also discussed. The role of the midline in truncal and postural stability and the lateral hemispheres in ballistic movements is stressed, but the lack of a precise topographic identification of the anatomy is acknowledged. In the end, it is conceded that the exact manner
Diphosphonate Therapy in a Patient with Myositis Ossificans Progressiva
Authors: IRA W. WEISS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

A young man with severe debility from myositis ossificans progressiva was treated with sodium etidronate, a diphosphonate known to reduce the rates of hydroxyapatite formation and dissolution. He showed progressive improvement while receiving therapy. Radiocalcium kinetics and metabolic balance studies documented the reduction of bone mineral accretion and resorption rates. A lack of change in body calcium balance during diphosphonate administration suggests that sodium etidronate can initiate the desired clinical effect without demineralizing skeletal bone.
Changes in immune checkpoint protein expression on CD8 T cells during neoadjuvant therapy in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Susan Tsai, Laura McOlash, Douglas B Evans, Bryon Johnson, Jill Gershan
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts In most patients, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is metastatic at diagnosis and available systemic therapies have had only a modest impact on survival duration. The overwhelming majority of patients with apparent localized, operable disease have extra-pancreatic
SYMPATHETIC INHIBITION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE IN HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE 1
Authors: W. J. Merle Scott, J. J. Morton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1930)

Physiologists have known for many years that lumbar sympathetic stimulation caused inhibition of motor activity in the colon together with contraction of the internal sphincter ani (1) (2).No direct application of this knowledge to the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease was however attempted until Royle observed marked improvement in the obstinate constipation of spastic paralytic patients after interrupting the lumbar sympathetic connections (3).Hunter studied the problem in the laboratory (4).Their clinical and experimental experiences that improved motor function of an inert colon followed the removal of the sympathetic influence, furnished the basis for testing the effect of a similar procedure in the treatment of congenital idio- pathic dilatation of the colon.This condition had long been sus- pected of having a neurogenic basis (5) (6).But not until the relief of it achieved by Wade and Royle (7) through lumbar sympathetic ramisection, was there any convincing evidence that the extrinsic nervous mechanism of the bowel was etiologically involved.Besides this original case, the results of interrupting the sympathetic pathways to the colon have been recorded in six others of Hirsch- sprung's disease.Wade (8) operated upon four of these patients and Judd and Adson (9) reported two.We are sure that some others have been treated in this way but the results are not available as yet in the literature.In five of the seven cases the results have been eminently successful, while in two they have been unsatisfactory.The failure to obtain uniform results raises the question, in a given case of megalo- colon what effect will be obtained by operative interruption of its sympathetic innervation.Further information concerning the nature
Association of Serology With the Endovascular Presence of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> and Cytomegalovirus in Coronary Artery and Vein Graft Disease
Authors: Claus Bartels, Matthias Maass, Gregor Bein, Nicole Brill, J. F. Matthias Bechtel, Rainer Leyh, Hans-Hinrich Sievers
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Chemotherapeutic treatment for patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease to reduce cardiovascular events may be initiated in response to elevated antibody titers against Chlamydia pneumoniae or cytomegalovirus. How antibody titers are associated with the endovascular presence of these microorganisms is still unclear. Methods and Results —Antibody titers against C pneumoniae (microimmunofluorescence) and cytomegalovirus (ELISA) in patients undergoing primary (coronary desobliterates, n=80) or repeated CABG (occluded vein grafts, n=45) were correlated with the endovascular presence of the 2 microorganisms. C pneumoniae was detected by means of a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by culturing. Both conventional PCR and quantitative PCR were applied for detection of cytomegalovirus. C pneumoniae (PCR/culture) was detected in 19/9% (15/80 and 7/80) of coronary desobliterates and in 18/11% (8/45 and 5/45) of occluded vein grafts. There was no statistical evidence that IgG values differed between patients with or without C pneumoniae detection who were undergoing primary CABG. In contrast, repeated-CABG patients with a positive PCR ( P =0.0027) or C pneumoniae culture ( P =0.0018) had distinctly elevated IgG titers compared with patients in whom C pneumoniae was not detected. Cytomegalovirus could not be detected in the examined specimens. Conclusions —Cytomegalovirus infection does not seem to be associated with advanced coronary artery lesions. C pneumoniae antibody titers are not associated with the endovascular presence of C pneumoniae in patients with coronary artery disease. The observed strong association between elevated IgG titers and the detection of C pneumoniae in occluded vein grafts warrants further investigation.
European drug agency's attempts to improve transparency stalled by legal action from two US drug companies
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has been forced to put its move to greater transparency on hold in the light of legal advice, after it was taken to court by two US based pharmaceutical companies.

The agency is refusing requests for the release of trial data on drugs that have gone through the approval process after lawyers advised that its general policy of openness could expose it to more legal actions from other companies.

The advice follows an interim injunction in April from the general court of the European Union, ordering the agency not to release clinical study reports on products from two US drug companies, AbbVie and InterMune, pending a hearing …
PREVENTION OF MEASLES BY IMMUNE GOAT SERUM
Authors: RUTH TUNNICLIFF
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In a previous article<sup>1</sup>we showed that the serum of a goat convalescing from a reaction produced by the inoculation of green-producing measles diplococci protected rabbits against a subsequent injection of infective material from measles. The rabbits injected with normal goat serum and those untreated showed some or all of the characteristics of measles in rabbits—a rise of temperature, Koplik spots and a rash. Convalescent goat serum protected human beings against measles as effectively as convalescent human measles serum when injected on the first and second days after exposure to measles. By intracutaneous tests in normal rabbits, the serum of goats injected with diplococci from measles as well as convalescent human measles serum was shown to neutralize the action of killed measles diplococci, while serum of normal goats had no such effect. Since convalescent goat serum appeared to protect against measles only if given on the first two days
Localization of Urinary-Tract Infections by Detection of Antibody-Coated Bacteria in Urine Sediment
Authors: Stephen R. Jones, James W. Smith, Jay P. Sanford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

To evaluate the presence of antibody-coated bacteria in the urinary sediment as a means of localizing the site of urinary-tract infection, the results of examinations for antibody-coated bacteria were correlated with a direct method for localizing the infection site, the bladder washout. In 25 patients, the findings by both technics agreed; in only one case was there disagreement. In three patients the bladder-washout technic gave uninterpretable results. Thus, the presence of antibody-coated bacteria correlates closely with upper-urinary-tract involvement — i.e., renal bacteriuria. The technic appears to be a sensitive, reliable, noninvasive means of differentiating infection of the upper from that of the lower urinary tract. (N Engl J Med 290:591–593, 1974)
The House of Healing
Authors: Joel Shilling
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This is an interesting narrative history of the hospital. It offers a flowing presentation of the development of places of healing from the temples of the Greeks filled with superstition and ritual to the modern research and healing complexes of today. Throughout the work the concepts of charity and love are credited with the impetus for development of houses of healing. The language is clear, the style is flowing, and the material is well presented. The author begins by describing the temples of Sumer and Babylon. The new techniques and practices of each civilization are described. The Egyptians contributed the basic form of the practice of medicine. The Greeks consolidated the ideas from earlier periods and organized them into pleasant and sensible approaches to illness. The Romans developed the well-organized military hospital. The Arabians were thought to be the perfecters of the hospital as well as the first to have
Constrictive Pericarditis Causing a Positive TI-201 SPECT Stress Test for Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: ROBERT J. MATTHEWS, JOHNSON LIGHTFOOTE, RONALD S. GRUSD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A case of constritive pericarditis was demonstrated by a positive thallium SPECT stress test for myocardial ischemia. After pericardiectomy, the repeat thallium stress test was normal. The disappearance of the criteria for a positive test suggests that constrictive pericarditis can cause myocardial ischemia, which can be demonstrated by thallium SPECT stress testing.
H <sub>mox-1</sub> Constitutes an Adaptive Response to Effect Antioxidant Cardioprotection
Authors: Tetsuya Yoshida, Nilanjana Maulik, Ye-Shih Ho, Jawed Alam, Dipak K. Das
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Heme oxygenase-1 (H mox-1 ) has been implicated in protection of cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods and Results —To examine the physiological role of H mox-1 , a line of heterozygous H mox-1 -knockout mice was developed by targeted disruption of the mouse H mox-1 gene. Transgene integration was confirmed and characterized at the protein level. A 40% reduction of H mox-1 protein occurred in the hearts of H mox-1 +/ − mice compared with those of wild-type mice. Isolated mouse hearts from H mox-1 +/ − mice and wild-type controls perfused via the Langendorff mode were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. The H mox-1 +/ − hearts displayed reduced ventricular recovery, increased creatine kinase release, and increased infarct size compared with those of wild-type controls, indicating that these H mox-1 +/ − hearts were more susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion injury than wild-type controls. These results also suggest that H mox-1 +/ − hearts are subjected to increased amounts of oxidative stress. Treatment with 2 different antioxidants, Trolox or N -acetylcysteine, only partially rescued the H mox-1 +/ − hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Preconditioning, which renders the heart tolerant to subsequent lethal ischemia/reperfusion, failed to adapt the hearts of the H mox-1 +/ − mice compared with wild-type hearts. Conclusions —These results demonstrate that H mox-1 plays a crucial role in ischemia/reperfusion injury not only by functioning as an intracellular antioxidant but also by inducing its own expression under stressful conditions such as preconditioning.
United States Supreme Court and abortion: part 2
Authors: E. J. Holman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

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TREATMENT OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA WITH A HIGH CALORIC DIET, RICH IN VITAMINS
Authors: KARL K. KOESSLER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In an article a year ago on the relation of anemia, primary and secondary, to vitamin A deficiency, we 1 reported on the experimental production of a blood picture in animals, which in all essential details showed a striking similarity to human pernicious anemia. On the basis of this work we reached the conclusions that: The fat soluble vitamin A is essential for normal blood regeneration. The addition of vitamin A to the diet of animals long depleted in their vitamin A reserve brings about rapid formation of new blood cells. A definite relationship exists between a state of chronic vitamin deficiency and certain anemias in man, and The routine use of a rationally balanced diet rich in vitamins A, B and C had proved itself of decided value in the blood regeneration of patients suffering from pernicious anemias and is the most promising procedure in the treatment of this
Suppression of NLRX1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Min-Jong Kang, Chang Min Yoon, Bo Hye Kim, Chang-Min Lee, Yang Zhou, Maor Sauler, Rober Homer, Anish Dhamija, Daniel Boffa, Andrew Phillip West, Gerald S. Shadel, Jenny P. Ting, John R. Tedrow, Naftali Kaminski, Woo Jin Kim, Chun Geun Lee, Yeon-Mok Oh, Jack A. Elias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Cigarette smoke (CS) and viruses promote the inflammation and remodeling associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The MAVS/RIG-I-like helicase (MAVS/RLH) pathway and inflammasome-dependent innate immune pathways are important mediators of these responses. At baseline, the MAVS/RLH pathway is suppressed, and this inhibition must be reversed to engender tissue effects; however, the mechanisms that mediate activation and repression of the pathway have not been defined. In addition, the regulation and contribution of MAVS/RLH signaling in CS-induced inflammation and remodeling responses and in the development of human COPD remain unaddressed. Here, we demonstrate that expression of NLRX1, which inhibits the MAVS/RLH pathway and regulates other innate immune responses, was markedly decreased in 3 independent cohorts of COPD patients. NLRX1 suppression correlated directly with disease severity and inversely with pulmonary function, quality of life, and prognosis. In murine models, CS inhibited NLRX1, and CS-induced inflammation, alveolar destruction, protease induction, structural cell apoptosis, and inflammasome activation were augmented in NLRX1-deficient animals. Conversely, MAVS deficiency abrogated this CS-induced inflammation and remodeling. Restoration of NLRX1 in CS-exposed animals ameliorated alveolar destruction. These data support a model in which CS-dependent NLRX1 inhibition facilitates MAVS/RHL activation and subsequent inflammation, remodeling, protease, cell death, and inflammasome responses.