tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE TREATMENT OF RETRODEVIATIONS OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: CHARLES N. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In the treatment of retrodeviation of the uterus, as in fact, in any abnormal condition, either medical or surgical, a thorough understanding of the etiology, pathology and complications is demanded in order that the desired results may be obtained. Without this knowledge failure will, as in the past, attend our efforts in a lamentably large proportion of cases. I believe that the statement will stand unchallenged that, until recently, the treatment of retrodeviations was most unsatisfactory and unsuccessful and that the cause of such frequent failure was the attempt to treat all cases by a similar method, either without due regard to, or in ignorance of, their causes and possible complications.  For years, the vaginal tampon and pessaries, aside from certain plastic operations on the vagina and perineum, constituted our sole means for the correction of uterine displacements. It can not, therefore, be considered a cause for surprise that innumerable
A FACCT-Filled Agenda for Public Information
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

LIKE IT or not, the health care system in the United States is being driven by marketplace economics. For the marketplace to work in controlling prices and improving quality, consumers must be able to make informed choices. However, the information they need often is unavailable, hard to find, difficult to understand, or lost in the noise of confusing messages.  We cannot have an effective privatesector health care market,with little government regulation, unless most consumers become active and informed managers of their health care, said David J.Lansky, PhD, president of the Foundation for Accountability (FACCT), a not-for-profit coalition of corporate, consumer, and government purchasers of health care based in Portland, Ore.  The foundation was established in 1995 to develop quality measures that meet the needs ofbuyers and users of health care. Its board members include representatives from the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), Federal Employee Health Benefit Plan, US Department of
Dioxin Exposure and Cancer Risk in the Seveso Women’s Health Study
Authors: Marcella Warner, Paolo Mocarelli, Steven Samuels, Larry Needham, Paolo Brambilla, Brenda Eskenazi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD), a widespread environmental contaminant, disrupts multiple endocrine pathways. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified TCDD as a known human carcinogen, based on predominantly male occupational studies of increased mortality from all cancers combined.Objectives: After a chemical explosion on 10 July 1976 in Seveso, Italy, residents experienced some of the highest levels of TCDD exposure in a human population. In 1996, we initiated the Seveso Women’s Health Study (SWHS), a retrospective cohort study of the reproductive health of the women. We previously reported a significant increased risk for breast cancer and a nonsignificant increased risk for all cancers combined with individual serum TCDD, but the cohort averaged only 40 years of age in 1996. Herein we report results for risk of cancer from a subsequent follow-up of the cohort in 2008.Methods: In 1996, we enrolled 981 women who were 0–40 years of age in 1976, lived in the most contaminated areas, and had archived sera collected near the explosion. Individual TCDD concentration was measured in archived serum by high-resolution mass spectrometry. A total of 833 women participated in the 2008 follow-up study. We examined the relation of serum TCDD with cancer incidence using Cox proportional hazards models.Results: In total, 66 (6.7%) women had been diagnosed with cancer. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) associated with a 10-fold increase in serum TCDD for all cancers combined was significantly increased [adjusted HR = 1.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29, 2.52]. For breast cancer, the HR was increased, but not significantly (adjusted HR = 1.44; 95% CI: 0.89, 2.33).Conclusions: Individual serum TCDD is significantly positively related with all cancer incidence in the SWHS cohort, more than 30 years later. This all-female study adds to the epidemiologic evidence that TCDD is a multisite carcinogen.
IRON ACETATE IN THE TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA
Authors: H. J. Robson
Journal: BMJ (1905)

empyema for two reasons-(i) If anything were to go wrong wi'th the pump, water would pass into the cavity; (2) if there were much discharge the pump would become dirty and ,refuse to act.A large bottle was Connected between the Pump and the chest, and this was partially filled with car- bolic lotion; by placing the bottle on a higher level than the pump, it wasi found that even when the water was flowing -extremely slowly, respiratory movements did not lead to aufficient alteration in pressure to draw the water into it.A negative pressure of 8o mm.Hg was used in adult cases, and this was accomplished by having a fall of nearly 2 metresi.
366 500 injections later
Authors: William I Fraser
Journal: BMJ (2004)

“T hey will find a tablet quite soon to replace the jab,” my friendly GP said when, in 1954, at 14, my juvenile diabetes was confirmed. I went home to look up the “family doctor book,” which happened to be Osler's 1906 edition, and read, “In childhood the disease is rapidly progressive and may prove fatal in a few days. The outlook is bad.”

Having lived through a few days, and a few jabs, I returned to adolescent life—to the “Top 20” on Radio Luxemburg and “Rock Around the Clock”—while my parents settled down to reading Lawrence's The Diabetic Life and getting out the scales, to weigh everything according to the “10 gram exchange diet.”

> Resistance to change in routine is an obsessive attitude of many diabetics 

As I have now lived for 50 years with insulin dependent diabetes and without retinopathy or proteinuria, colleagues sometimes raise an eyebrow and …
Dense fine-mapping study identifies new susceptibility loci for primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Jimmy Z Liu, Mohamed A Almarri, Daniel J Gaffney, George F Mells, Luke Jostins, Heather J Cordell, Samantha J Ducker, Darren B Day, Michael A Heneghan, James M Neuberger, Peter T Donaldson, Andrew J Bathgate, Andrew Burroughs, Mervyn H Davies, David E Jones, Graeme J Alexander, Jeffrey C Barrett, Richard N Sandford, Carl A Anderson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
The Birth and Origin of Syphilis.
Authors: William Lee Howard
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Baltimore, Jan. 28, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I was surprised to find inThe Journal, January 9, the following statement by Dr. Knott regarding "The Birth and Origin of Syphilis": "While so much mythologic lore remains connected with the origin of the great epidemic of syphilis which swept Europe at that date (the siege of Naples), it is no matter for surprise that the question of the existence of the disease in ancient times still remains a matter of dispute." The fact is, venereal diseases embrace all periods of man's existence. It existed long before the Christian era, and all through the period of classical antiquity. It flourished in the free republics of Greece, and under the corrupt sway of the Roman emperors. The scholar should read the Fathers as authorities for the history of venereal disease, for their "Orationes Contra Gentes" especially afford much valuable material toward a knowledge
Bullous pemphigoid in a patient with a C4 deficiency
Authors: S. SHIRAISHI, T. IIO, Y. SHIRAKATA, K. SAYAMA, H. NISHIMUKAI, Y. MIKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

A 53-year-old man with bullous pemphigoid with an extremely low level of C4 in the serum is reported.
Internal Medicine: Stop Reporting Problems and Start Solving Them
Authors: Christopher Lyttle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 February 1993Internal Medicine: Stop Reporting Problems and Start Solving ThemChristopher Lyttle, MD, Claire H. Kohrman, MD, and Mary-Margaret Clements, MDChristopher Lyttle, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Claire H. Kohrman, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Mary-Margaret Clements, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-4-199302150-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Reich expresses frustration with the seeming lack of progress and decisive action toward solving the host of problems confronting internal medicine and its subspecialties, particularly the need for more community internists. Like Dr. Reich, many program directors who complete the National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower (NaSIMM) surveys report frustration with seemingly erratic and incremental policy changes. A reading of the series of articles based on the NaSIMM data reveals that the profession is struggling today with the same issues as at the birth of NaSIMM in 1976, indicating a substantial basis for Dr. Reich's frustration. Nevertheless, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1993Volume 118, Issue 4Page: 319-320KeywordsBirthForecastingGraduate medical educationResearch designSub-specialty care Issue Published: 15 February 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pro-hepcidin: expression and cell specific localisation in the liver and its regulation in hereditary haemochromatosis, chronic renal insufficiency, and renal anaemia
Authors: H Kulaksiz
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background and aims:</b> The hepatic peptide hormone hepcidin, which has recently been isolated from human plasma and urine, is thought to be a central regulator of iron homeostasis. We investigated the presence and cellular localisation of hepcidin in the liver and developed a non-invasive assay to analyse its regulation in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis (HH), chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), and renal anaemia (RA). <b>Methods:</b> Expression and localisation of hepcidin was shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot, immunocytochemistry, and immunofluorescence in human and guinea pig liver. Serum concentrations were determined in various groups of patients using a sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). <b>Results:</b> Western blot analysis with region specific antibodies identified a ~10 kDa peptide corresponding to the apparent molecular mass of pro-hepcidin. Localisation studies revealed that pro-hepcidin is expressed at the basolateral membrane domain of hepatocytes and is also present in blood. We developed a stable sensitive ELISA for detection and determination of pro-hepcidin in human serum. Mean pro-hepcidin level in human serum of healthy volunteers was 106.2 ng/ml. Enhanced levels of pro-hepcidin (148.1 ng/ml) were found in patients with CRI but normal haemoglobin values, indicating that the kidneys may metabolise and/or eliminate the circulating hormone. In contrast, concentrations of pro-hepcidin were significantly decreased in patients with HH (70.2 ng/ml) and also in patients with RA (115.0 ng/ml) compared with the CRI group. <b>Conclusions:</b> From the detection of pro-hepcidin in human serum, we conclude that the prohormone may be involved in the regulation of iron metabolism in HH. Decreased pro-hepcidin levels could play an important role in the pathogenesis of HH.
Obstetric and Perinatal Infections
Authors: Brian Little
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Some books by their nature, timeliness, and scope in medicine have initially the aura of a classic; such is the case for<i>Obstetric and Perinatal Infections</i>. Addressing themselves to "information concerning infections that may afflict mother, fetus and infant..." at a time when the era of the scourge of puerperal fever is long past, the authors have put together a most complete reference on infections relating to pregnancy and the newborn. All the chapters are well documented and clearly stated, although with some variation in the depth to which individual authors have discussed their subject. A most valuable chapter on antibiotics has been presented by L. D. Sabath in which he has not only carefully addressed the selection and use of antibiotics but also listed in extensive tables the suggested therapy and alternatives for some infections seen in obstetric practice, the apparent incidence of antibiotic resistance, possible indications for use
Rapid Changes for Academic Medical Centers
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Many of the nation's academic medical centers face an uncertain future because of developments that threaten the traditional ways in which they have carried out their multiple missions. When Democratic congressional leaders recently declared comprehensive health care reform dead, the ambitious efforts of medical educators to win massive new forms of public support in a reconfigured health care system were thwarted. Thus, the government, rather than become the potential savior of academic medicine, may soon become a villain as Congress reconsiders Medicare's support for graduate medical education in its efforts to pare the federal budget. Further complicating the future of . . .
Tricuspid Valve Tethering Predicts Residual Tricuspid Regurgitation After Tricuspid Annuloplasty
Authors: Shota Fukuda, Jong-Min Song, A. Marc Gillinov, Patrick M. McCarthy, Masao Daimon, Vorachai Kongsaerepong, James D. Thomas, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Tricuspid valve (TV) annuloplasty is recommended for functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR), which is caused by TV annulus dilatation and tethering of the leaflets. However, the impact of TV deformations on the outcome of TV annuloplasty remains unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative TV deformation and residual TR after TV annuloplasty.Two hundred sixteen patients with functional TR had 2D echocardiography before and after TV annuloplasty. Right ventricular fractional area change and left ventricular ejection fraction were determined with the apical views. Minimal TV annulus diameter was determined by frame-by-frame analysis. The distance of TV tethering was measured from the annulus plane to the coaptation point and tethering area by tracing the leaflets from the annulus plane. TR severity was determined by the ratio of the maximal jet area to the corresponding right atrial area. The severity of residual TR was associated with age, right and left ventricular dysfunction, tethering distance and area, and severity of preoperative TR (all P<0.05). TV annular dimension was not associated with outcome of TV annuloplasty. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, tethering distance, and severity of preoperative TR (all P<0.001) were independent parameters predicting residual TR. The sensitivity and specificity in predicting residual TR after surgery were 86% and 80% for tethering distances >0.76 cm and 82% and 84% for tethering areas >1.63 cm2, respectively.Severe TV tethering predicted residual TR after TV annuloplasty, whereas preoperative TV annular dimension was not associated with outcome of TV annuloplasty.
Abstract 5132: Interactively exploring patterns in TCGA data: a web-based compendium of ‘next-generation’ clustered heat maps.
Authors: John N. Weinstein, David W. Kane, Rehan Akbani, Deepti Dodda, Lam Nguyen, Michael C. Ryan, Chris Wakefield, Bradley M. Broom
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Each of the 5 TCGA marker paper published in Nature to date has included at least one clustered heat map (CHM). We introduced CHMs in the early 1990’s for pharmacogenomic analysis (1) and later for integrated visualization of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, pharmacological, and functional data (1). As the ubiquitous first-order way of visualizing omic data, CHMs have appeared in many thousands of publications (3–9), including those from TCGA. We have elsewhere summarized their limitations (10). One such limitation is that CHMs are generally static images. We therefore initiated the next-generation CHM (NG-CHM) project, using an image-tiling technology similar to that in Google Maps for navigation and extreme drill-down without loss of resolution. Once the CHM has been zoomed sufficiently, labels (e.g., gene, protein, or drug names) appear on the image's axes. Clicking on a label produces a menu of link-outs (e.g., to GeneCards, Google, PubMed). For gene vs. gene maps, each pixel can represent a color-coded Pearson correlation coefficient. Clicking on the pixel pulls up the corresponding data scattergram, bootstrap statistics, literature references, or pathway relationships. Strong usability features include floating windows, flexible search tools, cluster selection tools, customizable re-coloring of the CHM, and high-quality PDF's suitable for publication. NG-CHMs are a major resource for exploratory analysis and visualization in multiple projects of TCGA and other large-scale molecular profiling programs. Explore interactive versions for TCGA breast, colorectal, lung squamous, and glioblastoma data at http://bioinformatics.mdanderson.org/main/TCGA/NGCHM. Supported in part by NCI Grant No. U24CA143883, by a gift from the Mary K. Chapman Foundation, and by a grant from the Michael and Susan Dell Foundation honoring Lorraine Dell. Citation Format: John N. Weinstein, David W. Kane, Rehan Akbani, Deepti Dodda, Lam Nguyen, Michael C. Ryan, Chris Wakefield, Bradley M. Broom. Interactively exploring patterns in TCGA data: a web-based compendium of ‘next-generation’ clustered heat maps. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5132. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5132
Long-term data in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: D. Thaçi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis is associated with a considerable disease burden and treatment needs are often unmet. Several conventional systemic drugs are available as treatments, including methotrexate, cyclosporin, retinoids and psoralen ultraviolet A, which, although effective, are associated with considerable toxicity that limits their long-term use. Recent developments in more targeted therapies involving biological agents, such as anti-T-cell agents and inhibitors of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, offer an alternative treatment approach with the possibility of longer continuous therapy, which may translate into disease control and improved quality of life. Although the majority of data supporting the use of biological agents have been obtained in short-term studies of 3-6 months' duration, some agents have been evaluated for longer periods of continuous administration. Comparison of efficacy among these agents may better define their role as long-term therapy. This article discusses the data currently available on both conventional and biological systemic therapies for psoriasis, in terms of short-term and long-term use.
Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E in a misleading context of autoimmunity and drug-induced toxicity
Authors: Stéphanie Haïm-Boukobza, Marie-Pierre Ferey, Anne-Laure Vétillard, Asma Jeblaoui, Elisabeth Pélissier, Gilles Pelletier, Laurent Teillet, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Hepatitis E is currently diagnosed after all other causes of hepatitis have been excluded. Moreover, HEV testing is not performed to prevent blood transmission in developed countries. We report here on the case of a patient with acute hepatitis while receiving potentially hepatotoxic medications for autoimmune disorders, with low-level autoimmune markers and negative "standard" viral markers; it was finally determined that he was suffering from transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E.
Chronic arsenic exposure and risk of infant mortality in two areas of Chile.
Authors: C Hopenhayn-Rich, S R Browning, I Hertz-Picciotto, C Ferreccio, C Peralta, H Gibb
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with a range of neurologic, vascular, dermatologic, and carcinogenic effects. However, limited research has been directed at the association of arsenic exposure and human reproductive health outcomes. The principal aim of this study was to investigate the trends in infant mortality between two geographic locations in Chile: Antofagasta, which has a well-documented history of arsenic exposure from naturally contaminated water, and Valparaíso, a comparable low-exposure city. The arsenic concentration in Antofagasta's public drinking water supply rose substantially in 1958 with the introduction of a new water source, and remained elevated until 1970. We used a retrospective study design to examine time and location patterns in infant mortality between 1950 and 1996, using univariate statistics, graphical techniques, and Poisson regression analysis. Results of the study document the general declines in late fetal and infant mortality over the study period in both locations. The data also indicate an elevation of the late fetal, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates for Antofagasta, relative to Valparaíso, for specific time periods, which generally coincide with the period of highest arsenic concentration in the drinking water of Antofagasta. Poisson regression analysis yielded an elevated and significant association between arsenic exposure and late fetal mortality [rate ratio (RR) = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-1.9], neonatal mortality (RR = 1.53; CI, 1.4-1.7), and postneonatal mortality (RR = 1.26; CI, 1.2-1.3) after adjustment for location and calendar time. The findings from this investigation may support a role for arsenic exposure in increasing the risk of late fetal and infant mortality.
Evidence for Reflex Control of Arterial Pressure from Abdominal Receptors with Special Reference to the Pancreas
Authors: STANLEY J. SARNOFF, SAMUEL I. YAMADA
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

Hypotension in cat abdominal viscera, especially the pancreas, produced substantial elevations of arterial pressure and heart rate even in the presence of intact sinoaortic receptors. Elevation of pressure in the distribution of the superior mesenteric artery had the reverse effect. When viewed in the light of the neurophysiologic data of Gammon and Bronk, it would appear that these sites make a significant contribution to cardiovascular regulation in that species, presumably as a result of impulses arising in abdominal pacinian corpuscles.
Insulin Injections: Rotation of Anatomic Regions and Plasma Glucose-Reply
Authors: John P. Bantle, R. Paul Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Bernstein suggests that when diabetic individuals are treated with a few large doses of insulin each day, blood glucose levels are more variable than when they are treated with more frequent injections of small doses of insulin. We share this impression. However, many diabetic patients are unwilling to inject insulin four or five times daily as suggested by Dr Bernstein. Moreover, when this issue was studied systematically, Service and coworkers<sup>1</sup>found that individuals with unstable diabetes who were switched from one or two daily injections of intermediate-acting insulin to four daily injections of short-acting insulin did not demonstrate a reduction in the lability of blood glucose as measured by the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions. Regardless of whether patients with type I diabetes take one or two large doses or more frequent smaller doses of insulin each day, we believe that the day-to-day variability of blood glucose
Hepatitis E virus infection in a cohort of patients with acute non-A, non-B hepatitis
Authors: Mina A. Psichogiou, Nicolaos C. Tassopoulos, George V. Papatheodoridis, Evangelia Tzala, Ruth Klarmann, Hannolore Witteler, George G. Schlauder, Hugo Troonen, Angelos Hatzakis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)