tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Esophageal Carcinoma, with Particular Regard to Staging it for Operability
Authors: T. Takemoto, T. Ito, T. Aibe, K. Okita
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

We report on the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for the staging of esophageal carcinoma for operability, including the diagnosis of infiltrating depth and lymph node metastases.
Program Seeks to Enlist Physicians to Flag Questionable Promotion of Drugs
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

hort of children born between 1993 and 1998 to mothers who lived near a PCBcontaminated harbor in New Bedford, Mass (Sagiv SK et al. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171[5]:593-601). Nearly 800 mother-infantpairswere recruited toparticipate. The scientists determined children’s exposure by measuring levels of organochlorine in umbilical cord serum and used the Conners’ Rating Scale for Teachers to assess ADHD-like behavior when the children were roughly 8 years of age. Sharon K. Sagiv, MPH, PhD, lead author and an instructor at Harvard Medical School, explained that they did not look at clinical diagnoses of ADHD because the study was not adequately powered to do so. Despite concerns that the women living in this areamightbeheavily exposed to PCBs, the researchers found that this populationactuallyhadmoretypical levels of exposure. However, the scientists foundsignificant increases inADHD-like behavior in the children, especially at higherexposure levels. In fact, theriskof ADHD-like behavior increased 26% to 92%,dependingontheparticularorganochlorines to which they were exposed. The mechanism by which exposure to these chemicals may increase the risk of ADHD is not clear. But Segiv noted that PCBs can alter dopamine levels in the brain and that these levels are also altered in individuals with ADHD. Further studies are needed in other populations to confirm these findings, Segiv said, adding that she did not recommend any dietary changes based on the study’s results. She and her colleagues will be looking at whether these associations persist as the children age by analyzing assessments conducted on the children at 12 years of age. “With PCB [and DDT] banned, their levels are going down in the environment, but they do persist,” she said.
A Phase I Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Correlative Study of the Antisense Bcl-2 Oligonucleotide G3139, in Combination with Carboplatin and Paclitaxel, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Glenn Liu, Jill Kolesar, Douglas G. McNeel, Catherine Leith, Kathy Schell, Jens Eickhoff, Fred Lee, Anne Traynor, Rebecca Marnocha, Dona Alberti, James Zwiebel, George Wilding
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: This phase I trial assessed the safety and tolerability of G3139 when given in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy. The effect of G3139 treatment on Bcl-2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and paired tumor biopsies was also determined. Experimental Design: Patients with advanced solid malignancies received various doses of G3139 (continuous i.v. infusion days 1-7), carboplatin (day 4), and paclitaxel (day 4), repeated in 3-week cycles, in a standard cohort-of-three dose-escalation schema. Changes in Bcl-2/Bax transcription/expression were assessed at baseline and day 4 (prechemotherapy) in both PBMCs and paired tumor biopsies. The pharmacokinetic interactions between G3139 and carboplatin/paclitaxel were measured. Results: Forty-two patients were evaluable for safety analysis. Primary toxicities were hematologic (myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia). Dose escalation was stopped with G3139 at 7 mg/kg/d, carboplatin at area under the curve of 6, and paclitaxel at 175 mg/m2 due to significant neutropenia seen in cycle 1 and safety concerns in further escalating chemotherapy in this phase I population. With G3139 at 7 mg/kg/d, 13 patients underwent planned tumor biopsies, of which 12 matched pairs were obtained. Quantitative increases in intratumoral G3139 with decreases in intratumoral Bcl-2 gene expression were seen. This paralleled a decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression observed in PBMCs. Conclusions: Although the maximal tolerated dose was not reached, the observed toxicities were consistent with what one would expect from carboplatin and paclitaxel alone. In addition, we show that achievable intratumoral G3139 concentrations can result in Bcl-2 down-regulation in solid tumors and PBMCs.
FL118 Induces p53-Dependent Senescence in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Promoting Degradation of MdmX
Authors: Xiang Ling, Chao Xu, Chuandong Fan, Kai Zhong, Fengzhi Li, Xinjiang Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Anticancer agent FL118 was recently identified in screening of small-molecule inhibitors of human survivin expression. Although FL118 is a camptothecin analogue, its antitumor potency is much superior to other FDA-approved camptothecin analogues (irinotecan and topotecan). The mechanism of action (MOA) underlying the antitumor effects of FL118 remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we report that FL118 activates tumor suppressor p53 as a novel MOA in p53 wild-type cancer cells. Our studies show that this MOA involves an induction of proteasomal degradation of MdmX, a critical negative regulator of p53, in a manner largely independent of ATM-dependent DNA damage signaling pathway but dependent on E3-competent Mdm2. FL118 inhibits p53 polyubiquitination and monoubiquitination by Mdm2–MdmX E3 complex in cells and in cell-free systems. In contrast, FL118 stimulates Mdm2-mediated MdmX ubiquitination. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed that FL118 slightly decreases Mdm2–p53 interactions and moderately increases Mdm2–MdmX interactions, suggesting a change of targeting specificity of Mdm2–MdmX E3 complex from p53 to MdmX, resulting in accelerated MdmX degradation. As a result, p53 ubiquitination by Mdm2–MdmX E3 complex is reduced, which in turn activates p53 signaling. Activation of the p53 pathway by FL118 induces p53-dependent senescence in colorectal cancer cells. However, in the absence of p53 or in the presence of MdmX overexpression, FL118 promotes p53-independent apoptosis. These two distinct cellular consequences collectively contribute to the potent effects of FL118 to inhibit clonogenic potential of colon cancer cells. This study identifies a potential application of FL118 as an MdmX inhibitor for targeted therapies. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7487–97. ©2014 AACR.
Transposition of Ciliary Microtubules
Authors: Jennifer M. Sturgess, Judy Chao, J. A. Peter Turner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

SPECIFIC defects of cilia1 , 2 in the respiratory mucosa have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Kartagener's syndrome, a hereditary disease characterized by situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and sinusitis3 and occurring in siblings with sinobronchial disease but without transposition of the viscera. The term "immotile cilia syndrome"4 has been proposed for the hereditary disease characterized by ultrastructural abnormalities in the dynein arms1 , 5 and the radial-spoke linkages2 of respiratory cilia and sperm. As part of a survey of children with respiratory disease, we have investigated two siblings with a chronic sinobronchial syndrome. We observed a new and distinctive structural defect in the cilia . . .
THE SERUM REACTION IN HOG CHOLERA.
Authors: JOHN E. CASHIN
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The success which has been obtained in the serum diagnosis of typhoid fever led me to try an experiment with this method as an aid to the diagnosis of hog cholera, an affection due to a motile bacillus, the lesions of which, in the chronic form of the disease, resemble somewhat typhoid fever of the human subject. Dawson (New York<i>Medical Journal</i>, Feb., 7, 1897) reports having obtained the reaction with the blood of a rabbit after inoculation with a bullion culture of the hog cholera bacillus, the reaction appearing promptly after injection. An opportunity presenting itself a few weeks ago, I isolated the bacillus from an acute case of hog cholera and tested the agglutinating power of the blood serum of different animals upon it with the following result: Human blood serum from the placenta and dried blood from the finger tip, no effect; horse serum, no effect; rabbit
Search for male contraceptive complicated by adverse effects
Authors: T. Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Letter from Bosnia
Authors: R Goldstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To all appearances, the 20th century will end in Europe much as it began. Ethnic tensions fuel wars; traditional power axes create their own logic of alliances and struggles. For the past 32 months, the former Yugoslavia has been making seismic adjustments through a particularly cruel war, as the countries in the region look backward to define their future. The most affected is Bosnia-Hercegovina, with 80 percent of its territory taken by force despite the country's recognition as a member state of the United Nations.I am a pediatric fellow in behavior and development at Children's Hospital in Boston. I . . .
Feasibility of Noninvasive Assessment of Thin-Cap Fibroatheroma by Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Manabu Kashiwagi, Atsushi Tanaka, Hironori Kitabata, Hiroto Tsujioka, Hideaki Kataiwa, Kenichi Komukai, Takashi Tanimoto, Kazushi Takemoto, Shigeho Takarada, Takashi Kubo, Kumiko Hirata, Nobuo Nakamura, Masato Mizukoshi, Toshio Imanishi, Takashi Akasaka
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
Weapons for Protection in Home Invasion Crimes
Authors: James J. Fotis
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As a former police officer and executive director of an organization representing law enforcement personnel and crime victims, I was surprised that Dr Kellermann and his colleagues<sup>1</sup>used police reports to study the problem of home invasion—burglary of an occupied residence. Their methods suggest that the results of this study cannot contribute any new data to our knowledge of the nature of such crimes or to effective means of protecting one's self or family from them. First, the greatest utility of police reports is in helping police departments allocate limited resources to deal with often unlimited need. These reports provide useful information in investigating crimes, but are not designed and are not intended to provide statistically sound information on the nature of crimes, such as break-ins. Only coincidentally are some data on the reports, such as method of entry, of possible narrow help in surveys such
A comparison of muscular activation patterns during running and landing
Authors: T Savage, C Fantini, G-P Brüggemann
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Coactivation of the hamstrings and quadriceps has been identified as the most effective stabilising pattern of the knee. The risk of knee injury is increased in landing compared to running and may be associated with a different muscular response to the loading pattern. Objective The aim of this study was to compare coactivation patterns of the knee flexors and extensors during two common athletic activities. Design Kinetic and EMG analysis. Setting Competitive athletes. Participants Eight young adult athletes (5 male/3 female). Interventions Data were collected from two running interventions (2.5 and 3.0 m/s) and expected landings from a height of 73 cm. Main outcome measurements Muscular activation of selected quadriceps and hamstrings muscles was determined using normalised RMS of surface EMG. The relative amount of knee flexor and extensor activity was determined using a coactivation ratio (CCR, Sum RMS Hams/Sum RMS Quads). For the running trials, the stance phase was normalised and mean muscle activity calculated during three intervals: weight acceptance (WA); middle stance (MS); and late stance (LS). Landing trials were divided into two phases: initial contact (IC, the first 100 ms after touchdown) and eccentric (EC, from 100 ms until maximal knee flexion). Results The CCR was significantly greater (p&lt;0.001) during running (WA=0.56, MS=0.49) than landing (IC=0.20, EC=0.32). Muscular activity observed during landing greatly favoured the quadriceps while hamstring activity was highest during LS in running. There was a trend for an increase in CCR with running velocity, however only during LS was CCR significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) (2.5 m/s=1.67, 3 m/s=2.14). Conclusion Quadriceps activity was observed to be much higher than the hamstrings in landing than running and this has been hypothesised as a mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament injury. The Quadriceps contract eccentrically to control landing and a low hamstring contribution may affect joint stability and loading patterns.
A recently silenced, duplicate PgiC locus in Clarkia
Authors: L. D. Gottlieb, V. S. Ford
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

Previous electrophoretic analysis showed that 17 diploid species of the wildflower Clarkia (Onagraceae) have two cytosolic isozymes of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGIC; EC 5.3.1.9), whereas 15 other diploid species have a single PGIC. Molecular studies revealed that the two isozymes in the former species are encoded by duplicate genes, PgiC1 and PgiC2, whereas the single isozyme in the latter is always encoded by PgiC1. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences implied that PgiC2 was silenced four times independently in the genus. Here we describe a psi PgiC2 from C. mildrediae, a species in which only PgiC1 is expressed. The discovery of the psi PgiC2 is significant because it confirms a formal prediction of the phylogenetic analysis. The psi PgiC2 includes 5,039 nucleotides corresponding to 18 of the 23 exons of PgiC, as well as the intervening introns and 3' nontranslated region. The absence of an increase of nucleotide substitutions in its "exons" suggests that the gene was silenced recently. The present study appears to be the first to establish that a specific duplicate gene locus regularly expressed in a group of related plant species has been silenced in one of them. The multiple independent silencings of PgiC2 suggest that it remained functional but inessential in ancestral lineages. We discuss the possibility that PgiC2 may have been preserved in these lineages by selection against mutants causing defective PGIC1-PGIC2 heterodimers.
Oral sildenafil in erectile dysfunction
Authors: Kirk M Chan-Tack
Journal: The Lancet (1998)

The study by I Goldstein and colleagues1Goldstein I Lue TF Padma-Nathan H et al.Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.N Engl J Med. 1998; 338: 1397-1404Crossref PubMed Scopus (2079) Google Scholar provides the much needed data for scrutiny by the medical community with regard to the efficacy, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, and side-effects of sildenafil. Their findings are promising. Since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration on March 27, 1998, sildenafil (marketed by Pfizer as Viagra) has been a pharmaceutical phenomenon. Its appeal stems from the fact that sildenafil is the first effective and safe oral therapy for men with erectile dysfunction.1Goldstein I Lue TF Padma-Nathan H et al.Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.N Engl J Med. 1998; 338: 1397-1404Crossref PubMed Scopus (2079) Google Scholar Pfizer's stock has risen by 50%, primarily because of aggressive marketing and the tremendous expectations for sildenafil.3 New prescriptions have increased almost exponentially—from 546 in the week ending April 3, to 269 842 in the week ending May 1.3 Urologists and nonurologists alike have been swamped with requests for the drug. The associated media frenzy has been fuelled by endorsements from prominent individuals. Such reports stoke the already intense public demand for information about and prescriptions for sildenafil. In the midst of these developments, it is crucial to recognise and deal with the potential problems. First, sildenafil is no panacea; not all patients with erectile dysfunction will benefit from it. Second, there is substantial risk that many patients will receive little or no evaluation before treatment; the potential for ill-informed and inappropriate prescribing is high.4 Third, sildenafil is not an aphrodisiac,3,4 nor does it increase sexual desire or libido.1Goldstein I Lue TF Padma-Nathan H et al.Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.N Engl J Med. 1998; 338: 1397-1404Crossref PubMed Scopus (2079) Google Scholar The drug has the potential for abuse by thrill-seekers. Fourth, the known side-effects may not be transient, as current data suggest. Sildenafil may also have other, as-yet-unknown, adverse effects that will become evident only over time. In the first few weeks after sildenafil's release, physicians' only information source was the package insert.2 Goldstein's study1Goldstein I Lue TF Padma-Nathan H et al.Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.N Engl J Med. 1998; 338: 1397-1404Crossref PubMed Scopus (2079) Google Scholar supplied data that physicians should use to make informed decisions in the work-up and treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction. Physicians who prescribe sildenafil should do so only after a comprehensive work-up (history and physical examination, with diagnostic tests if indicated) has been completed.
Ulcerative Colitis and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in a Highly Exposed Population of Community Residents and Workers in the Mid-Ohio Valley
Authors: Kyle Steenland, Liping Zhao, Andrea Winquist, Christine Parks
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Little is known about environmental determinants of autoimmune diseases.We studied autoimmune diseases in relation to level of exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which was introduced in the late 1940s and is now ubiquitous in the serum of residents of industrialized countries.In 2008-2011 we interviewed 32,254 U.S. adults with high serum PFOA serum levels (median, 28 ng/mL) associated with drinking contaminated water near a chemical plant. Disease history was assessed retrospectively from 1952 or birth (if later than 1952) until interview. Self-reported history of autoimmune disease was validated via medical records. Cumulative exposure to PFOA was derived from estimates of annual mean serum PFOA levels during follow-up, which were based on plant emissions, residential and work history, and a fate-transport model. Cox regression models were used to estimate associations between quartiles of cumulative PFOA serum levels and the incidence of autoimmune diseases with ≥ 50 validated cases, including ulcerative colitis (n = 151), Crohn's disease (n = 96), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 346), insulin-dependent diabetes (presumed to be type 1) (n = 160), lupus (n = 75), and multiple sclerosis (n = 98).The incidence of ulcerative colitis was significantly increased in association with PFOA exposure, with adjusted rate ratios by quartile of exposure of 1.00 (referent), 1.76 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.99), 2.63 (95% CI: 1.56, 4.43), and 2.86 (95% CI: 1.65, 4.96) (ptrend < 0.0001). A prospective analysis of ulcerative colitis diagnosed after the baseline 2005-2006 survey (n = 29 cases) suggested a positive but non-monotonic trend (ptrend = 0.21).To our knowledge, this is the first study of associations between this common environmental exposure and autoimmune diseases in humans. We found evidence that PFOA is associated with ulcerative colitis.
Telecare, Surveillance, and the Welfare State
Authors: Tom Sorell, Heather Draper
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

In Europe, telecare is the use of remote monitoring technology to enable vulnerable people to live independently in their own homes. The technology includes electronic tags and sensors that transmit information about the user's location and patterns of behavior in the user's home to an external hub, where it can trigger an intervention in an emergency. Telecare users in the United Kingdom sometimes report their unease about being monitored by a "Big Brother," and the same kind of electronic tags that alert telecare hubs to the movements of someone with dementia who is "wandering" are worn by terrorist suspects who have been placed under house arrest. For these and other reasons, such as ordinary privacy concerns, telecare is sometimes regarded as an objectionable extension of a "surveillance state." In this article, we defend the use of telecare against the charge that it is Orwellian. In the United States, the conception of telecare primarily as telemedicine, and the fact that it is not typically a government responsibility, make a supposed connection with a surveillance state even more doubtful than in Europe. The main objection, we argue, to telecare is not its intrusiveness, but the danger of its deepening the isolation of those who use it. There are ways of organizing telecare so that the independence and privacy of users are enhanced, but personal isolation may be harder to address. As telecare is a means of reducing the cost of publicly provided social and health care, and the need to reduce public spending is growing, the correlative problem of isolation must be addressed alongside the goal of promoting independence.