tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Time to Epinephrine and Survival After Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Lars W. Andersen, Katherine M. Berg, Brian Z. Saindon, Joseph M. Massaro, Tia T. Raymond, Robert A. Berg, Vinay M. Nadkarni, Michael W. Donnino
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Heart Association Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation Investigators IMPORTANCE Delay in administration of the first epinephrine dose is associated with decreased survival among adults after in-hospital, nonshockable cardiac arrest.Whether this association is true in the pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest population remains unknown.OBJECTIVE To determine whether time to first epinephrine dose is associated with outcomes in pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest. DESIGN, SETTING. AND PARTICIPANTSWe performed an analysis of data from the Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation registry.We included US pediatric patients (age <18 years) with an in-hospital cardiac arrest and an initial nonshockable rhythm who received at least 1 dose of epinephrine.A total of 1558 patients (median age, 9 months [interquartile range [IQR], 13 days-5 years]) were included in the final cohort.EXPOSURE Time to epinephrine, defined as time in minutes from recognition of loss of pulse to the first dose of epinephrine. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge.Secondary outcomes included return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival at 24 hours, and neurological outcome.A favorable neurological outcome was defined as a score of 1 to 2 on the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category scale.RESULTS Among the 1558 patients, 487 (31.3%) survived to hospital discharge.The median time to first epinephrine dose was 1 minute (IQR, 0-4; range, 0-20; mean [SD], 2.6 [3.4] minutes).Longer time to epinephrine administration was associated with lower risk of survival to discharge in multivariable analysis (multivariable-adjusted risk ratio [RR] per minute delay, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.93-0.98]).Longer time to epinephrine administration was also associated with decreased risk of ROSC (multivariable-adjusted RR per minute delay, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.96-0.99]),decreased risk of survival at 24 hours (multivariable-adjusted RR per minute delay, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.95-0.99]),and decreased risk of survival with favorable neurological outcome (multivariable-adjusted RR per minute delay, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.91-0.99]).Patients with time to epinephrine administration of longer than 5 minutes (233/1558) compared with those with time to epinephrine of 5 minutes or less (1325/1558) had lower risk of in-hospital survival to discharge (21.0%[49/233] vs 33.1% [438/1325]; multivariable-adjusted RR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.60-0.93];P = .01).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among children with in-hospital cardiac arrest with an initial nonshockable rhythm who received epinephrine, delay in administration of epinephrine was associated with decreased chance of survival to hospital discharge, ROSC, 24-hour survival, and survival to hospital discharge with a favorable neurological outcome.
Harmfull effects of cigarette smoke on a respiratory epithelium line (Calu 3): Prevention by N-acetylcisteine
Authors: Andrea Dugour, Fernanda Elías, Juan Figueroa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Calu 3 is a respiratory epithelial cell line increasingly used in pharmacological and pathophysiological studies. Much of lung damage produced by cigarette smoke is based on oxidative stress. N-acetylciteine (NAC) has powerfull antioxidant activity.  Objetives: to evaluate if N-acetylcisteine can modify the effects of mainstream cigarette smoke on Calu 3 cells.  Methods: Calu 3 cells were cultured in monolayers in air-liquid interphase. In an experimental group NAC (5 mM) was added to the culture media; a second group stay as control. Smoke was generated placing successively 2 cigarettes at a tube connected to a vacuum pump; the generated smoke was expelled by another tube to a closer chamber where the two groups of cells remained for 10 minutes. Then the cells were kept without smoke for two hours and cell viability (colorimetric method) and apoptosis (acridine orange fluorescence) were evaluated.  Results: in the control group cell viability decrease 40% after the contact with cigarette smoke, and this was associated with the appearance of apoptotic cells. In the group treated with NAC the viability do not decrease and apoptotic cells were not observed.  Conclusions: incubation with NAC prevented cigarette smoke damage in Calu 3 cells.
A prospective, non randomized, clinical trial to study the safety and efficacy of the endobronchial autologous infusion of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
Authors: Argyris Tzouvelekis, Paschalis Ntolios, Anastasia Ekonomou, George Koliakos, Marios Froudarakis, Demosthenes Bouros
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  IPF is a chronic, progressive, lethal fibrotic lung disease of unknown etiology and treatment yet ineffective. The aim of the study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of endobronchial autologous infusion of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) in patients with IPF.   Methods:  We performed a prospective, non-randomized trial of endobronchial autologous ADMSCs in IPF patients who met ATS/ERS 2000 criteria with mild to moderate lung disease as assessed by Forced vital capacity (FVC) >50% and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) >35%. All eligible patients (n=14) underwent lipoaspiration and ADMSCs were isolated using a standard protocol provided by Adistem Ltd. ADMSCs were labelled with Technetium (Tc)-99m and endobronchially infused to both lower lobes.Tc-99m lung scanning was performed to visualize infused cells. The primary end point was incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events within 6 months after first infusion. FVC, DLCO and 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), were exploratory efficacy end points.   Results:  No cases of clinically significant allergic reactions, disease acute exacerbation or infection were recorded in all patients. There were no significant alterations in FVC and DLCO 6 months post-treatment, though an almost marginal trend towards improvement in 6MWD (p=0.07) was reported.   Conclusions:  This ongoing clinical trial provides pivotal safety and provisional efficacy data for endobronchial autologous infusion of ADMSCs in patients with IPF. Larger studies are sorely needed.
Autoradiographic Evidence for the Association of DNA With Intracytoplasmic A-Particle Inclusions In Situ2
Authors: G. H. Smith, D. G. Longfellow, J. W. Nixon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Autoradiographic Evidence for the Association of DNA With Intracytoplasmic A-Particle Inclusions In Situ Get access G. H. Smith, G. H. Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. G. Longfellow, D. G. Longfellow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. W. Nixon J. W. Nixon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 55, Issue 6, December 1975, Pages 1413–1417, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/55.6.1413 Published: 01 December 1975 Article history Received: 08 May 1975 Accepted: 22 July 1975 Published: 01 December 1975
CHLORPROMAZINE AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION
Authors: D. De WIED
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (1967)

This review surveys the influence of CPZ on pituitary activity. Analysis of the literature indicates that the tranquilizer affects pituitary activity only in amounts that exceed those necessary to induce psychodepressant effects in animal species. In these amounts CPZ appears to block the release of FSH and LH and to stimulate the release of prolactin. It inhibits the discharge of TSH and it stimulates the secretion of ACTH and growth hormone. In addition it seems to increase the release of MSH and ADH and it may block oxytocin-release. The influence of the phenothiazines on pituitary secretion depends on the amount of the drug given, the duration of the treatment and the circumstances, like environmental temperature, under which experiments are performed. The pituitary-gonadal axis of all pituitary functions seems to be most susceptible to the drug in animals and man. Clinically the most frequently observed endocrine dysfunction lies in the pituitary-gonadal axis since amenorrhea and galactorrhea are most commonly seen in female patients treated chronically with relatively high doses of the drug.

The locus of action of the drug with respect to pituitary activity must be sought in the brain, but extremely high doses of CPZ may antagonize the effect of pituitary hormones or the influence of the target hormones on their respective target tissues. In the brain CPZ may facilitate or inhibit structures that are involved in the control of pituitary secretions. Mesencephalic limbic and rhinencephalic limbic structures as well as the hypothalamus, which are known to be affected by CPZ and which are known to be involved in pituitary activity, should be regarded as the site of action of CPZ.

Some of the effects of CPZ on pituitary activity may be explained by its adrenergic blocking properties. This is based upon the concept that blockade of ovulation, stimulation of prolactin release, as well as MSH release induced by CPZ can be brought about also by depletion of catecholamines in the hypothalamus.

The effect of CPZ and related drugs on pituitary activity is complicated by the manifold actions of the phenothiazines in the body. Profound metabolic influences, hemodynamic effects, and marked disturbances in thermoregulation may affect pituitary secretion in a nonspecific manner. These considerations make it difficult to analyze the site of the action of the drug. This can be overcome if better methods become available to determine pituitary activity. It may then be possible to re-evaluate the effect of the phenothiazines on endocrine activity.

Only if direct measures to determine the respective pituitary hormones in the circulation are employed, and the effect of CPZ is assessed after a single injection or after chronic administration of the drug in various dosages and during various periods of time in animal and man under normothermic and hypothermic conditions, can the influence of CPZ and related drugs on endocrine activity be established with certainty.
A "splitting" look at chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD): common features but diverse pathogenesis
Authors: PA Vermeire, NB Pride
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

The term chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD) was proposed by the Ciba Symposium in 1959 as an umbrella term grouping chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema and irreversible or persistent obstructive lung disease. However, it has only been widely used by proponents of the Dutch Hypothesis, which states that these diseases all result from a common genetic root and should be considered as one disease. A major reason for proposing this hypothesis in 1961 was that these different entities share some common features, especially airway hyperresponsiveness. Although not formally disproven, evidence is accumulating--and reviewed here--against this "one disease concept"; hence, common features should not necessarily imply a common pathogenesis. Overlap features are sufficiently frequent in clinical practice to cause problems for labelling patients within the scope of CNSLD. The term could still be used as a starting point for a "splitting approach", identifying a small number of important basic features in order to allow a more systematic use of established labels for diseases within CNSLD. Our proposal for labelling emphasizes a consistent use of asthma, emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but restricts the use of chronic bronchitis to those patients with chronic bronchial hypersecretion without chronic airways obstruction.
Paclitaxel plus carboplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II trial.
Authors: D H Johnson, D M Paul, K R Hande, Y Shyr, C Blanke, B Murphy, M Lewis, R F De Vore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE Studies conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) indicate both paclitaxel and carboplatin are associated with an improvement in 1-year survival in patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Based on these findings, a phase II trial of these agents in combination was conducted in patients with advanced NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligibility included previously untreated stage IIIB or IV NSCLC patients with a good performance status (PS). Paclitaxel (135 or 175 mg/m2) was administered by 24-hour infusion on day 1, followed by a 1-hour infusion of carboplatin on day 2 (300 mg/m2 or dosed to an area under the concentration-time curve [AUC] of 6 mg/mL.min). Treatment was repeated every 28 days for a total of six cycles. Hematopoietic growth factors were not routinely used. RESULTS Among 51 eligible patients, there were no complete and 14 partial responses, for an overall response rate of 27% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17% to 41%). The median progression-free survival time was 23.8 weeks (range, 12.1 to 73.9) and median survival time, 38 weeks. The survival rate at 1 year was 32%. Grade 3 or 4 granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 47% and 3%, respectively, of the 184 treatment cycles administered. The most common nonhematologic toxicities included nausea and emesis, neuropathy, and arthralgia/myalgia. CONCLUSION Paclitaxel plus carboplatin is a moderately active regimen in patients with advanced NSCLC and warrants comparison with existing cisplatin-based regimens in a prospective randomized trial. The toxicities of this regimen are well tolerated in patients with a good PS.
Regression of Established Tumors in Rats by Injection of Diethylaminoethyl-Dextran and Friend Murine Leukemia Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Takao Kodama, Hiroyuki Kato, Eiki Gotohda, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Fujiro Sendo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Subcutaneously established tumors in WKA rats were treated with polycation DEAE-dextran (DEAE-D) and Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV). This idea was based on "xenogenization of tumors," which is defined as the immunologic regression of transplanted tumors in syngeneic rats after artificial infection of tumors with murine leukemia viruses. Regressions of subcutaneously established tumors were induced in 13 of 40 (33%) rats by injection of DEAE-D and F-MuLV. Intratumor injections of DEAE-D and F-MuLV increased the regression of tumors in 7 of 12 (58%) rats as compared to that of tumors in 6 of 28 (21%) rats treated with DEAE-D and F-MuLV by other injection routes. Electron-microscopic and immunofluorescence examinations revealed that tumor cells were infected with F-MuLV and acquired F-MuLV-related surface antigen on the cell surfaces. Therefore, the regression in rats of subcutaneously established tumors by the injection of DEAE-D and F-MuLV may have been due to an immunologic mechanism that may have been the same as the xenogenization of transplanted tumors previously infected with murine leukemia viruses.
Self management for a man with asthma
Authors: Hilary Pinnock, Stephanie J C Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A 35 year old man with a history of asthma attended the practice asthma clinic a few weeks after an acute exacerbation. He was a non-smoker who had asthma as a child but “grew out of” the more troublesome symptoms in his teens. He regards his asthma as well controlled, although his computer record suggested that he has had six short acting bronchodilator inhalers in the past year. He is more troubled by hay fever, which he manages with antihistamines that he buys from the pharmacy. He has a sedentary lifestyle so avoids exercise induced symptoms. He has a repeat prescription for an inhaled steroid (which he takes “when he needs it”) and carries a salbutamol inhaler with him in case he experiences any chest tightness. Despite annual invitations to the asthma clinic he last attended six years ago.

A month ago, a high pollen count triggered a severe asthma attack that necessitated attendance at the emergency department. This event had interrupted the family camping holiday and delayed his return to work. He was shaken by the episode, and his wife and employer had both encouraged him to attend the nurse led asthma clinic to find out what could be done to prevent a recurrence.



### 1. What are the potential benefits of providing this man with self management education and a written personalised asthma action plan?

#### Short answer

Education on self management, including a written personalised asthma action plan supported by regular professional review, improves asthma control and reduces unscheduled consultations for asthma emergencies. …
Major basic protein, but not eosinophil cationic protein or eosinophil protein X, is related to atopy in cystic fibrosis
Authors: D.Y. Koller, G. Halmerbauer, J. Müller, T. Frischer, M. Schierl
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Increased eosinophil granule proteins have been described in serum and sputum samples of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). It has been assumed that eosinophil degranulation is enhanced in atopic subjects – as in asthmatics. Since in CF no differences in eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX), and eosinophil peroxidase between atopic and nonatopic subjects have been detected, we investigated whether major basic protein (MBP) is increased in serum and sputum samples derived from atopic ( n =14) compared with nonatopic CF subjects ( n =26). In CF patients, high mean serum (sputum) levels of ECP 29.7 μg/l (2.7 mg/l), EPX 53.7 μg/l (7.9 mg/l), and MBP 984.6 μg/l but low sputum MBP levels (57.4 μg/l) were measured. In addition, in serum and in sputum samples, a significant correlation between MBP and ECP ( P &lt;0.03 and P &lt;0.0001, respectively) or EPX ( P &lt;0.05 and P &lt;0.0004, respectively) was detected. By subdivision of the patients into allergic and nonallergic subjects, significant differences were found for serum MBP values only (mean 1382.2 μg/l vs 770.5 μg/l; P &lt;0.0001), but not for ECP or EPX serum levels or for eosinophil proteins in sputum. Although no differences between atopic and nonatopic CF patients in ECP and EPX were found, serum MBP levels were higher in patients sensitized to inhalant allergens than in nonsensitized subjects. These results indicate differential release of eosinophil granule proteins in peripheral blood from eosinophils, and they also indicate that MBP in serum likely is to be a better discriminator of atopy in CF.
Oral Administration of Grass Pollen to Hay Fever Patients
Authors: E. Taudorf, L. C. Laursen, R. Djurup, E. Kappelgaard, C. T. Pedersen, M. Søsborg, P. Wilkinson, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1985)

Oral hyposensitization is still widely used in the treatment of allergic diseases, but controlled studies proving a beneficial effect are lacking. Fifty-eight hay fever patients were admitted to a double-blind placebo efficacy study in oral hyposensitization. An enterosoluble tablet containing timothy whole pollen or placebo was taken daily. Preseasonally, the actively treated patients received 4,315,000 PNU (880,260 AUR) and totally for 6 months 8,915,000 PNU (1,818,660 AUR). Such high doses have never been tried in similar studies. A new principle has been used - "the pollen count interval method" - in the evaluation of symptom and medication score. The study failed to prove any beneficial effect of oral hyposensitization measured by symptom score, medication score, nasal provocation test or skin prick test. There was no change in timothy specific IgE and IgG which could be caused by the treatment. The possibility that oral hyposensitization might be an effective treatment of hay fever in the future is discussed, but it is concluded that the present regimens cannot be recommended.
Hypersensitivity skin-prick test with common allergens, immunoglobulin E level and their genetic association with interleukin 13 among asthmatics in Sudan
Authors: Amel Gundi, Omer Musa, Muntasir Ibrahim, Hiba Salah
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Atopy, the genetic predisposition for the development of an immunoglobulin (IgE). It is assessed by positive skin-pricktest responses. The triggering factors in Sudanese were found to be house dust,molds, smoke, and pollens (Bashir and Musa, 2003; Magzoob et al., 2012).

Objective :  To estimate IgE level and investigate the degree of association of common allergens found in Sudan among asthmatics, and their association with IL13 gene.

Methods: The study is a family based, a total of 52 Sudanese multi case families were included (cases 141 and controls 129). Skin prick tests were done using different aeroallergens (A panel of thirteen inhalants) found to be common in Sudan. IgE level was measured. IL13 gene was genotyped using PCR.

Result: Hypersensitivity to most allergens could be detected in the majority of asthmatics(P values range 0.001- 0.01),these include;house dust,mixed molds,D. Peterenyssinus, mixed ragweed, grass pollens, and cat hair.85.3%(110/141) of asthmatics showed positive SPT to mixed molds. Asthmatics with positive SPTs showed higher IgE levels as well 75.2 % (106), which also consistent with hypersensitivity symptoms(p = 0.001).High IgE level was observed among asthmatic (p= 0.001).Significant association of IL13gene(A-646G) polymorphism with asthma status (p =0.008),IgE (p =0.008) and SPTs (p = 0.02) was observed among asthmatics.IL13gene, skin tests, IgE and asthma

Conclusion:  Asthmaticsin Sudan showed hypersensitivity to common aeroallergens. There is correlation between positive SPTsand high IgE levels inasthmatics. There is strong genetic correlation between IL13 gene, skin tests, IgE and asthma.
The biological basis of an antidepressant response to sleep deprivation and relapse: review and hypothesis
Authors: J C Wu, W E Bunney
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Sixty-one papers involving over 1,700 subjects have documented that over half of depressed patients experience an antidepressant response to sleep deprivation. Eighty-three percent of unmedicated depressed patients who had an antidepressant response to sleep deprivation relapsed after one night of sleep. Short naps can also activate severe relapses. The authors suggest that these phenomenological observations concerning relapse with a night of sleep or with naps after successful sleep deprivation would be compatible with the existence of a sleep-associated depressogenic process.