tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Climate change and mosquito-borne disease.
Authors: P Reiter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Global atmospheric temperatures are presently in a warming phase that began 250--300 years ago. Speculations on the potential impact of continued warming on human health often focus on mosquito-borne diseases. Elementary models suggest that higher global temperatures will enhance their transmission rates and extend their geographic ranges. However, the histories of three such diseases--malaria, yellow fever, and dengue--reveal that climate has rarely been the principal determinant of their prevalence or range; human activities and their impact on local ecology have generally been much more significant. It is therefore inappropriate to use climate-based models to predict future prevalence.
MyD88 Mediates Neutrophil Recruitment Initiated by IL-1R but Not TLR2 Activation in Immunity against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Lloyd S. Miller, Ryan M. O'Connell, Miguel A. Gutierrez, Eric M. Pietras, Arash Shahangian, Catherine E. Gross, Ajaykumar Thirumala, Ambrose L. Cheung, Genhong Cheng, Robert L. Modlin
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Kikuchi disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis) in association with HTLV1
Authors: V. BATAILLE, C.C. HARLAND, J. BEHRENS, M.G. COOK, C.A. HOLDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We report a 25-year-old male with fever, generalized lymphadenopathy and an erythematosus maculo-papular eruption affecting face and upper body. A diagnosis of Kikuchi disease (necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis) was made on lymph node histology. The patient was found to be positive for the human T-cell leukaemia lymphoma virus (HTLV1). Kikuchi disease has been reported in association with infections such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes (HHV6) and toxoplasmosis, but to our knowledge this is the first case of Kikuchi disease associated with HTLV1.
Effects of polycations on pulmonary vascular permeability in conscious sheep.
Authors: T Toyofuku, S Koyama, T Kobayashi, S Kusama, G Ueda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The role of charged sites on the permeability characteristics of the pulmonary microvascular barrier were investigated using chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep. In one series of experiments we studied the effects of the cationic amphiphile, dodecyl trimethylamine (DTA; 297 mol wt), and the anionic amphiphile, SDS (288 mol wt), on lung lymph flow rates (Ql), lung lymph to plasma protein ratios (L/P), pulmonary hemodynamics, and systemic hemodynamics. DTA significantly increased both Ql and L/P, whereas SDS had a more modest and transient effect on these variables. In a second series of experiments the polycations polybrene and poly-l-lysine were found to have very similar effects as those of DTA. In another series of experiments we tested the pretreatment inhibition potential of chlorpheniramine (an H1 receptor antagonist), dibutyryl-cyclic AMP (db-cAMP), and the calcium channel antagonists verapamil and nifedipine on polybrene-induced lung injury. We found that only verapamil and db-cAMP significantly attenuated the permeability effects of polybrene. We conclude that both cationic amphiphiles and polycations cause hemodynamic and permeability alterations in the pulmonary circulation of unanesthetized sheep. In addition, the permeability alterations induced by polybrene can be modulated by intracellular calcium and/or cAMP levels.
Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: M. Polkowski
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

At the 2010 Digestive Disease Week (DDW; 1 – 5 May 2010, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA), a substantial amount of research on advanced endoscopic techniques for diagnosing and treating tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract was presented. This review discusses the final or interim findings from 12 selected papers that focused on new developments in the diagnosis of cancer and precancerous lesions [1] [2], endotherapy for early cancer and its precursors [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9], and endotherapy for advanced cancer [10] [11] [12]. Issues related to Barrett’s dysplasia and cancer are covered in a separate report that appears elsewhere in the journal [13].
At the roadside: assessment of activities of a general practitioner accident service.
Authors: P P Silverston
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Members of the Mid-Anglia General Practitioner Accident Service (MAGPAS) have completed an accident report form after attending each incident since the service was formed in 1972. In 1982 a new form was introduced, and this paper analyses the first 1000 forms that have been returned where a patient was examined at the roadside. During 1982, 1515 calls were received by MAGPAS, and in 97% of these a doctor was sent immediately: 55% of the calls were passed to the doctor within one minute of the receipt of the call in the MAGPAS control room and 81% within two minutes. The doctor arrived ahead of the ambulance in 40% of the callouts and 63 patients had an obstructed airway which was cleared by the doctor before the ambulance arrived. Of the 1816 patients seen, 142 required intravenous fluid replacement. This report suggests that in a rural area a well organised general practitioner accident service can play a vital part in the early management of seriously injured victims of road accidents.
Elevated Creatine Phosphokinase Levels Associated With Large Muscle Mass
Authors: William Garcia
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A man with an exceptionally large muscle mass and a tentative diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was found to have an elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level. Subsequent diagnostic and clinical course was consistent with the conclusion that elevation of CPK level was due to his large muscle mass. Additional evidence for this conclusion was obtained by studying ten additional subjects with a similar body habitus. (<i>JAMA</i>228:1395-1396, 1974)
Public Policy in Regard to Birth-Control Services
Authors: Alonzo S. Yerby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

FROM a day in 1958 when Dr. Louis Hellman,1 professor of obstetrics and gynecology at New York State's Downstate Medical College in Brooklyn, began the fight that led to the lifting of the ban on contraceptive services in municipal hospitals, New York City has moved to establish the most extensive network of clinical services in family planning of any community in the country. Active contraceptive services are now in being in each of the 14 municipal hospitals with obstetric services and at the Gouverneur Ambulatory Care Unit. All methods of fertility control are offered, so that the patient can choose . . .
Remarks on Paracentesis and Aspiration: A New Aspirator, and a Knife Especially Adapted for the Operation of Incision of the Chest
Authors: J. W. Cousins
Journal: BMJ (1884)

Qfw: 8-iaN lu," iII'ethen speculates on the shape of the, teeth as influencisig theif eruptii ,and appears'toregard theprocws of dentition as being, for the most part, a mechanical one.Probably this theory was rather
Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis
Authors: Richard L. Naeye
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Our article entitled Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (220:223, 1972) has elicited letters published inThe Journalthat deserve reply. In the July 3, 1972 issue, Drs. Charles Andrews and W. Keith Morgan take us to task for broadening the definition of  workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) to include any type of respiratory impairment that occurs in  miner, whether occupationally related or not. Drs. Andrews and Morgan would confine their definition to a disease produced by  particles of between 0.5μ and 5.0μ having fairly distinctive radiographic features. If the only disease to be considered CWP is that due to coal particles, the pulmonary abnormalities are rather simple to understand and probably cause little disability. The actual disease processes present in miners, and the environmental questions posed are far more complex. First, the underground mine environment contains far more than  dust, including, in some instances, significant free silica,
Health economist calls for new realism in US healthcare funding
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The costs of health care in the United States have doubled every 10 years for the past 40 years, a Princeton University health economist told a Capitol Hill briefing on 31 July.

Uwe Reinhardt said, “The supply side of the [healthcare] sector seems to assume that the continuation of that trend is a firm social contract between them and the rest of society . . . that from here to kingdom come we will double your revenue every 10 years. Any deviation from that [growth curve] is viewed as a giveback.”

Dr Reinhardt said that proposals for Medicare to cut anticipated growth of its total spending over 10 years (a …
On-Pump Versus Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Elderly Patients
Authors: Kim Houlind, Bo Juul Kjeldsen, Susanne Nørgaard Madsen, Bodil Steen Rasmussen, Susanne Juel Holme, Per Hostrup Nielsen, Poul Erik Mortensen
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Conventional coronary artery bypass grafting performed with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass is a well-validated treatment for patients with ischemic heart disease. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) has been suggested to reduce the number of perioperative complications, especially in elderly patients. Methods and Results— In a multicenter, randomized trial, we assigned 900 patients &gt;70 years of age to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting or OPCAB surgery. After 30 days, a blinded end-point committee assessed whether a combined end point of death, stroke, or myocardial infarction had occurred. At baseline and 6 months postoperatively, self-assessed quality of life was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 and EuroQol-5D questionnaires. A 6-month follow-up of mortality was performed through the Danish National Registry. The proportion of patients experiencing the combined end point within 30 days was 10.2% for conventional coronary artery bypass grafting and 10.7% for OPCAB. Implied risk difference of 0.4% (with a 95% confidence interval, −3.6 to 4.4) showed nonsignificance in a standard test for equality ( P =0.83) and for noninferiority with an inferiority margin of 0.5% ( P =0.49). At the 6-month follow-up, mortality was 4.7% compared with 4.2% ( P =0.75). Both groups showed significant improvement in self-assessed health-related quality of life. Conclusions— Both conventional coronary artery bypass grafting and OPCAB are safe procedures that improved the quality of life when performed in elderly patients. No major differences in intermediate-term outcomes were found. However, the noninferiority of OPCAB with the prespecified margin could not be confirmed. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00123981.
Economic Sanctions and Embargoes
Authors: David P. Hickey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters15 August 2000Economic Sanctions and EmbargoesDavid P. Hickey, FRCSIDavid P. Hickey, FRCSIBeaumont Hospital; Dublin, Ireland (Hickey)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-4-200008150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I would like to congratulate Annals for publishing the papers on the ethics of sanctions and the effects of sanctions on the health of nations, particularly Cuba (1, 2).As part of the wider international medical community, I take exception to the offering of propaganda space to the U.S. Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright (3). Because of the prestigious reputation of Annals, I fear that Ms. Albright's comments might attain some validity. It seems obvious that she must not have read the two articles she refers to in her editorial (3). An even cursory glance at the ...References1. Barry M. Effect of the U.S. embargo and economic decline on health in Cuba. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:151-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Morin K, Miles SH. The health effects of economic sanctions and embargoes: the role of health professionals. Ethics and Human Rights Committee. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:158-61. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Albright MK. Economic sanctions and public health: a view from the Department of State [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:155-7. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Beaumont Hospital; Dublin, Ireland (Hickey) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEffect of the U.S. Embargo and Economic Decline on Health in Cuba Michèle Barry The Health Effects of Economic Sanctions and Embargoes: The Role of Health Professionals Karine Morin , Steven H. Miles , and Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Leila Richards Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Soheir A. Morsy Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Anthony F. Kirkpatrick Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Richard Garfield Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Natalia Ganson-Myshkin Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Michèle Barry Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Michael Brumage Economic Sanctions and Embargoes Ken Freeland Metrics 15 August 2000Volume 133, Issue 4Page: 308-309KeywordsCrimeFearHealth economics ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEFICIENCY DISEASE DURING THERAPEUTIC DIETS
Authors: PERCY B. DAVIDSON
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The focus of attention on full blown pictures of deficiency disease resulting from actual economic deprivation or gross pathologic function of the individual is perhaps responsible for a general lack of recognition of less striking instances under more easily controlled circumstances. A particular disease is treated by the physician from the dietetic standpoint in accordance with the characteristic features of malfunction, whether these be abnormal alimentary (secretory and motor) activity or deranged carbohydrate, chloride or nitrogen metabolism. The overwhelming enthusiasm for controlling the obvious functional derangements has led to an ignoring of the maintenance of the patient on a diet containing the necessary accessory food factors. Such an attitude is perhaps justified by the facts that actual food deficiency disease of the types readily recognized occurs only after a long period of deprivation and that active dietotherapy is usually only temporary. This was my attitude in the management of patients
Preventable trauma deaths. A review of trauma care systems development
Authors: R. H. Cales
Journal: JAMA (1985)

ACCIDENTAL death, characterized as the neglected disease of modern society, 1 is the leading mortality cause for persons 1 through 39 years of age and the third for those of all ages. 2   Because of the medical, social, and economic implications of trauma, attention is increasingly focusing on a systems approach to reducing traumatic death and disability through prevention, treatment, and research. 3-5 Regional trauma care systems have not been universally implemented, however, because of concerns about need, efficacy, and cost.  This review traces the evolution of the preventable death concept, discusses its influence on trauma care systems development, and proposes future research directions.  HISTORICAL REVIEW  The American College of Surgeons first addressed trauma care in 1922 by forming the Committee on Treatment of Fractures, now the Committee on Trauma. 6 Excepting the military experience, 7 however, care quality for the multiply injured received relatively little attention during the next
Rheumatoid factor positivity in the general population
Authors: J. F. Simard, M. Holmqvist
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Introduction:</b> Pulmonary rehabilitation is an important component in the management of chronic respiratory diseases and physiotherapists are often responsible for implementing pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Many clinical practice guidelines have been developed for the management of chronic respiratory diseases. Unfortunately, the quality of guidelines in healthcare varies widely. <b>AIms:</b> To survey the quality of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for chronic respiratory diseases relevant to physiotherapy practice using the AGREE II instrument and to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of AGREE II. <b>Methods:</b> Guidelines indexed in the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) on chronic respiratory diseases were evaluated by four assessors using AGREE II. <b>Results:</b> Thirty-three guidelines were evaluated (58% were published in the last 5 years and 36% were for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The domains with the highest scores were scope and purpose (79%, SD 10%) and clarity of presentation (79%, SD 10%). The domain with the lowest score was applicability (37%, SD 23%). Mean overall quality was 5 out of 7 (SD 1). Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.66 to 0.93 for the six domains and first global item, suggesting good to excellent reliability. The second global item had very poor reliability (Kappa 0.097). <b>Conclusion:</b> The quality of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for chronic respiratory diseases relevant to physiotherapy could be improved, particularly with regard to applicability. The number of assessors for AGREE II could be reduced because of the good inter-rater reliability.
Management of the Cardiac Patient Requiring Major Surgery
Authors: STANFORD WESSLER, HERRMAN L. BLUMGART
Journal: Circulation (1961)

IT IS widely appreciated that the risk of death for cardiac patients undergoing ma- jor surgery is considerably less today than was the case 50 years ago.Greater surgical skill and improved cardiac management deserve much credit for this decrease in mor- tality.Of perhaps equal importance, however, have been the contributions from other areas.These include advances in anesthesia, the development of adequate blood bank fa- cilities, improved understanding of fluid and electrolyte balance, and the effective use of chemotherapeutic agents.Finally, the fact that patients with clinical coronary artery disease can undergo major surgery with an additional mortality hazard of less than 4 per cent'-3 reflects the value of attention to small details and of the institution of specific precautions to forestall catastrophe before, during, and following surgery.The problem of cardiac risk during surgery has been a special pre-occupation of the medi- cal service of the Beth Israel Hospital since the introduction of total thyroidectomy for the treatment of intractable forms of heart disease in 1930.This paper represents an attempt to develop from this accumulated experience of the past 30 years a working
Influence of Glycemic Index/Load on Glycemic Response, Appetite, and Food Intake in Healthy Humans
Authors: David S. Ludwig, Susan B. Roberts
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

In their recent article, Alfenas and Mattes (1) conclude that the glycemic index values of individual foods do not predict glycemic response to mixed meals, nor influence measures of hunger. Because the observed glycemic response did not differ between diets, the lack of effect on appetite is not surprising. Thus, the potentially important aspect of the study pertains to the prediction of glycemic index in mixed meals.

The authors’ approach was to validate published glycemic index values in a pretest, selecting 48 of 79 foods with consistent glycemic responses. However, their …
Relative Role of Alkalosis and Sodium Ions in Reversal of Class I Antiarrhythmic Drug–Induced Sodium Channel Blockade by Sodium Bicarbonate
Authors: Elias Bou-Abboud, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Hypertonic sodium salts are used to treat sodium channel–blocking drug cardiotoxicity. The relative roles of alkalinization and increased sodium concentration ([Na + ] o ) for various drugs are incompletely known. Methods and Results The effects of four class I drugs on action potential characteristics of canine Purkinje fibers at equi-effective concentrations (disopyramide 30 μmol/L, mexiletine 80 μmol/L, flecainide 7 μmol/L, imipramine 5 μmol/L) were studied in the presence of normal Tyrode solution and one altered solution (increased [Na + ] o , increased bicarbonate concentration, or both) in each experiment. Combined increases in sodium and bicarbonate concentration significantly reduced the depressant effects of flecainide, imipramine, and mexiletine on phase 0 upstroke (V max ) but did not alter the effects of disopyramide. The effects of sodium bicarbonate were entirely due to alkalinization in the case of imipramine, but both alkalinization and increased [Na + ] o contributed to the interaction with flecainide and mexiletine. The reversal of V max depression by increased [Na + ] o and pH was due in part to hyperpolarization. In addition, alkalosis directly reversed the hyperpolarizing shift in V max inactivation caused by flecainide and imipramine without altering the shift caused by disopyramide and mexiletine. Conclusions Increases in sodium bicarbonate concentration reverse the effects of class I antiarrhythmic drugs to a varying extent, with drug-specific contributions of the sodium and bicarbonate moiety. The molecular basis for this drug specificity remains to be elucidated, but it has important potential implications for the use of hypertonic sodium salts to treat cardiotoxicity caused by sodium channel–blocking drugs.
Pregnancy and early smoking increases breast cancer risk
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The carcinogenic effect of cigarette smoke on developing breast tissue has been shown in a study in which the risk of breast cancer was 1.69 times higher, compared with age matched controls, in women who had ever been pregnant and who started to smoke within five years of menarche. Women who had never been pregnant—and so who never achieved complete differentiation of breast cells—and who smoked heavily showed a sevenfold increased risk of breast cancer ( Lancet 2002;360:1044-9)

The Canadian study investigated all women under the age of 75 years in whom breast cancer was diagnosed between …
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia without the Philadelphia chromosome occurring in chronic myelogenous leukemia with the Philadelphia chromosome
Authors: Hee Jin Huh, Jung Won Huh, Chu Myong Seong, Miae Lee, Wha Soon Chung
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract The blast crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is related to the evolution of a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive clone. Secondary chromosomal abnormalities accompanied by t(9;22) are found in 70–80% of blast crises. Here we describe a patient with Ph‐positive CML, who developed Ph‐negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A 52‐year‐old man was diagnosed with CML with the Ph chromosome in the chronic phase. He achieved a partial cytogenetic response after 4 months of imatinib mesylate therapy. After 8 months, common ALL occurred. At that time his karyotype was normal and the Ph chromosome was not noted. Am. J. Hematol. 74:218–220, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.