tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Defect in Medical Illness
Authors: Marshal F. Folstein, Susan E. Folstein, Paul R. Mchugh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 June 1977Cognitive Defect in Medical IllnessMARSHAL F. FOLSTEIN, M.D., SUSAN E. FOLSTEIN, M.D., PAUL R. MCHUGH, M.D.MARSHAL F. FOLSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SUSAN E. FOLSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL R. MCHUGH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-6-827 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Jacobs and associates ("Screening for Organic Mental Syndromes in the Medically Ill,"Ann Intern Med86:40-46, 1977) are to be congratulated for their attempt to solve an important clinical problem: the identification of cognitive defect in medical patients. We have been measuring cognitive defect since 1972 and have found our Mini-Mental State Examination (MMS) format useful in a variety of medical settings: rehabilitation hospitals, medical and neurological wards, intensive care units, cancer centers, nursing homes, retirement apartments, and senior citizen centers (1). Although the MMS was originally used in a psychiatric hospital, the authors' statement that...References1. FOLSTEIN M, FOLSTEIN S, and MCHUGH P: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12(3):189-198, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. READ A, SHERLOCK S, and LAIDLAW J: The neuro-psychiatric syndromes associated with chronic liver disease and an extensive portal-systemic collateral circulation. Q J Med 36:135-150, 1967 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARSHAL F. FOLSTEIN, M.D.; SUSAN E. FOLSTEIN, M.D.; PAUL R. MCHUGH, M.D.Affiliations: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byImpact of Plasma Donepezil Concentration on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Patients with Alzheimer’s DiseaseArterial blood pressure during targeted temperature management after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and association with brain injury and long-term cognitive functionImpact of CYP2D6, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 Polymorphisms on Plasma Concentrations of Donepezil and its Metabolite in Patients with Alzheimer’s DiseaseAtrial Fibrillation is Independently Associated with Cognitive Impairment after Ischemic StrokeProspective Evaluation of Behavioral Scales in the Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia18-Month study of intravenous immunoglobulin for treatment of mild Alzheimer diseaseOutcomes research: You do have the time!An interpersonal model for teaching psychiatry to medical students 1 June 1977Volume 86, Issue 6Page: 827-827KeywordsHematology and oncologyIntensive care unitsMini mental state examinationNursing homes ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Lyme Disease
Authors: Nancy A. Shadick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 June 1995Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Lyme DiseaseNancy A. Shadick, Eric L. Logigian, and Matthew H. LiangNancy A. ShadickSearch for more papers by this author, Eric L. LogigianSearch for more papers by this author, and Matthew H. LiangSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-12-199506150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Dr. Katz for pointing out the typographical error in our Table 5, in which the data reported were reversed. As stated in the text, more patients with Lyme disease than controls scored greater than 2 standard deviations lower than the mean on two or more memory tests [1]. Among 12 patients who had neurocognitive testing deficits, 4 had had primary neurologic manifestations that were probably related to previous neuroborreliosis (our Table 6). The others had memory deficits on psychometric testing but also had persistent arthralgias and sleep difficulties, which may have affected performance on these tests. ...References1. Shadick NA, Phillips CB, Logigian EL, Steere AC, Kaplan RF, Berardi VP, et al. The long-term clinical outcomes of Lyme disease. A population-based retrospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:560-7. Google Scholar2. Asch ES, Bujak DI, Weiss M, Peterson MG, Weinstein A. Lyme disease: an infectious and postinfectious syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1994; 21:454-61. Google Scholar3. Dinerman H, Steere AC. Lyme disease associated with fibromyalgia. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:281-5. Google Scholar4. Szer I, Taylor ES, Steere AC. The long-term course of Lyme arthritis in children. N Engl J Med. 1991; 325:159-63. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 12Page: 960-962KeywordsAntibioticsArthralgiaChronic fatigue syndromeLyme diseaseMemoryPainPeripheral neuropathyResearch designSleepStandard deviation Issue Published: 15 June 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Autoimmunity in interferon treated patients with viral chronic liver disease of diffferent etiology
Authors: G. Saracco, M. Durazzo, A. Touscoz, F. Rosina, L. Chiandussi, V. Gallo, R. Petrino, A.G. De Micheli, A. Solinas, A. Di Plano, G. Verme, M. Rizzetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Analysis of Pathway Activity in Primary Tumors and NCI60 Cell Lines Using Gene Expression Profiling Data
Authors: Xing-Dong Feng, Shu-Guang Huang, Jian-Yong Shou, Bi-Rong Liao, Jonathan M. Yingling, Xiang Ye, Xi Lin, Lawrence M. Gelbert, Eric W. Su, Jude E. Onyia, Shu-Yu Li
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2007)

Abstract To determine cancer pathway activities in nine types of primary tumors and NCI60 cell lines, we applied an in silico approach by examining gene signatures reflective of consequent pathway activation using gene expression data. Supervised learning approaches predicted that the Ras pathway is active in ~70% of lung adenocarcinomas but inactive in most squamous cell carcinomas, pulmonary carcinoids, and small cell lung carcinomas. In contrast, the TGF-β, TNF-α, Src, Myc, E2F3, and β-catenin pathways are inactive in lung adenocarcinomas. We predicted an active Ras, Myc, Src, and/or E2F3 pathway in significant percentages of breast cancer, colorectal carcinoma, and gliomas. Our results also suggest that Ras may be the most prevailing oncogenic pathway. Additionally, many NCI60 cell lines exhibited a gene signature indicative of an active Ras, Myc, and/or Src, but not E2F3, β-catenin, TNF-α, or TGF-β pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey of cancer pathway activities in nine major tumor types and the most widely used NCI60 cell lines. The “gene expression pathway signatures” we have defined could facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanisms in cancer development and provide guidance to the selection of appropriate cell lines for cancer research and pharmaceutical compound screening.
Microscopic changes may double risk of breast cancer
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Scientists have determined that a microscopic change in breast tissue may double the risk of breast cancer in some women. This finding may provide a way for doctors to evaluate the subsequent risk of breast cancer among women with otherwise benign results from breast biopsies

Researchers from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Brigham Women's Hospital, both inBoston, reviewed the biopsies that …
Acute lethal graft-versus-host reaction induced by major histocompatibility complex class II-reactive T helper cell clones.
Authors: P V Lehmann, G Schumm, D Moon, U Hurtenbach, F Falcioni, S Muller, Z A Nagy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

T cell clones isolated from class II MHC-disparate MLR combinations, and specific for I-Ak and I-Ek molecules, respectively, are shown to induce acute lethal graft-vs-host disease in unirradiated recipients. Cytolytic and noncytolytic clones are equally efficient in this respect. The lethal disease is dependent on recognition of the stimulatory class II molecules in the host. The clones home to lungs and liver, and become activated in these organs as demonstrated by an in vivo thymidine incorporation assay. After activation, a severe vascular leak syndrome develops causing death of the recipients within 5 d after the injection of 5 x 10(6) to 10(7) cloned cells. The disease develops without the participation of secondary host-derived inflammatory mechanisms, such as mast cell degranulation, complement activation, and the release of prostaglandins, oxygen radicals, or proteolytic enzymes. The results raise the possibility that Th cells can directly influence vascular permeability, and control, thereby, the acute inflammatory reaction of blood vessels.
New typhoid fever vaccine a hit on international scene
Authors: Catherine Macek
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The results of a recently completed field trial with a new live oral typhoid fever vaccine show promise that the disease, which is endemic in many parts of the world, eventually may be controlled. M. H. Wahdan, MD, and colleagues at the High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria, Egypt, the Pasteur Institute, France, and the Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute, Bern, conducted a controlled trial in Alexandria with 32,388 first-grade schoolchildren. The results of the three-year study were published in the March issue of<i>The Journal of Infectious Diseases</i>. An attenuated mutant strain of<i>Salmonella typhi</i>was used as the immunogen in the study. Exposure to a high concentration of exogenous galactose (as occurs in the body) causes this strain to lyse within a day or two, but not before its cell wall lipopolysaccharides have provided the necessary antigenic stimuli. Although a number of<i>S typhi</i>strains exhibit this particular
A paradigm shift in the medical literature
Authors: P. A Atkin
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Medical literature is expanding massively. More and more journals are appearing and an increasing amount of research and comment is being produced to appear in these journals. Funding for universities is decided on the amount and quality of research produced, and therefore more pressure is placed on researchers and clinicians to (publish or perish). A piece of research needs to be sound in method and results, but the title needs to be appealing to attract the attention of editors and catch the eye of the reader. Titles including words suggesting results of great impact will cause more interest and tempt journal subscribers to read beyond the title or abstract—this one did, didn't it!

Papers with catchy titles work …
Quantitative Cerebral Blood Flow Imaging in a Patient with the Heidenhain Variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Authors: DANA MATHEWS, DAVID HAL UNWIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Purpose This report describes quantitative SPECT cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in a patient with the confirmed Heidenhain variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Materials and Methods A 60-year-old man reported visual disturbances, including left hemianopsia. An electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging, cerebral arteriogram, and quantitative SPECT CBF imaging with Xe-133, with and without acetazolamide, were performed. After the patient’s death, an autopsy was performed. Results The electroencephalographic findings were nonspecific, those of magnetic resonance imaging were normal, and the cerebral arteriogram showed minimal atherosclerosis. However, the SPECT scan revealed marked depression of perfusion in the parietal and occipital cortices that did not change with the administration of acetazolamide. Autopsy results were consistent with CJD. Conclusions Although there is no consistent pattern of CBF changes that is characteristic of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, the Heidenhain variant of that disease may be an exception. Clinical symptoms include profound changes in vision, and the pattern of CBF changes in the patient described here included depression of perfusion in areas of primary and associated visual cortex. Also of interest is the finding that although other imaging did not reveal an abnormality, the CBF changes were marked. In addition, vasoreactivity is poor in response to acetazolamide, a finding that occurs only late in other neuronal degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease.
ON THE USE OF CAUSTICS IN MALIGNANT DISEASE.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco. June 5ò-8, 1894.
Authors: L. DUNCAN BULKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1894)

As is well known, the treatment of malignant disease by caustics has been practiced very largely by those who are known as "empirics and quacks," much to the discredit of the medical profession and often to the injury of patients. But that there is somewhat of a foundation for their use in the success which may often attend them is certain, and it behooves the profession to correctly understand and profit by the experience which has been gained in this direction. That there is a foundation in science for this method of treatment, there can be no doubt to any one who has studied the subject and who has had experience in the same. On the other hand, that harm may be done by their injudicious use is also equally evident. It will be our object to consider very briefly the indications for the use of caustics in malignant disease,
IMPACT OF CARDIAC TAMPONADE DURING PCI ON SHORT AND LONG TERM SURVIVAL
Authors: Ioannis A. Stathopoulos, Gary Roubin, Georgia Panagopoulos, Konstandinos Kossidas, Marcelo Jimenez, Ej Kwak, Monica Losquadro, Howard Cohen, Kirk Garratt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Mucosal Inflammation and Asthma
Authors: P. H. Howarth, P. Bradding, S. Montefort, D. Peroni, R. Djukanovic, M. P. Carroll, S. T. Holgate
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

"Mucosal Inflammation and Asthma." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 150(5_pt_2), pp. S18–S22
Hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Birke Bartosch, Robert Thimme, Hubert E. Blum, Fabien Zoulim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)

Although there is strong evidence that hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there is still much to understand regarding the mechanism of HCV-induced transformation. While liver fibrosis resulting from long-lasting chronic inflammation and liver regeneration resulting from immune-mediated cell death are likely factors that contribute to the development of HCC, the direct role of HCV proteins remains to be determined. In vitro studies have shown that HCV expression may interfere with cellular functions that are important for cell differentiation and cell growth. However, most studies were performed in artificial models which can only give clues for potential mechanisms that need to be confirmed in more relevant models. Furthermore, the difficulty to identify HCV proteins and infected liver cells in patients, contributes to the complexity of our current understanding. For these reasons, there is currently very little experimental evidence for a direct oncogenic role of HCV. Further studies are warranted to clarify these issues.
Helping the dying to live--through hypnosis
Authors: J. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Hospital—or hypnosis?  That is a choice some terminally ill patients are making, and hypnosis can be the far better alternative, says Wallace L. LaBaw, MD, of Denver, who has treated dozens of such patients over the past decade. He tells of the woman, for example, who drove her little daughter to the shopping center, picked up some groceries at the Safeway, and then went home and died, alert and feeling like a useful wife and mother to the very end.  LaBaw continues, Many patients, when placed in a hospital, feel abandoned. Physicians are too often inclined to mark time in quiet desperation or to indulge in desperate heroics with these patients. I've done it myself. Certainly, some patients have to be in the hospital at some time, but many do not—we keep them there because we don't want them to think we're not doing anything as doctors.  LaBaw, a former
1075. Phase I Clinical Trial Demonstrates Safety and Feasibility of Autologous Cellular Therapy with Lentiviral Modified CD4 T Cells Expressing Anti-HIV Antisense in Patients with HAART Resistant HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Boro Dropulic, Rob-Roy MacGregor, Tessio Rebello, Peter Manilla, Laurent Humeau, Xiaobin Lu, Vladimir Slepushkin, Gwendolyn K. Binder, Cathy Ybarra, Bruce L. Levine, Frederic Bushman, Carl H. June
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Emerging drug resistance raises concerns about HAART as a long-term therapy. We have developed an HIV-1-based lentiviral vector expressing a 937-base antisense gene against the HIV envelope for autologous T cell therapy for HIV/AIDS. The vector introduces no new sequences to an HIV-infected individual. In preclinical studies, HIV replication was inhibited over 95%, and up to 4 logs, in primary CD4 T lymphocytes isolated from HIV-infected patients. For evaluation of safety and tolerability of this therapy, a Phase I open-label non-randomized clinical trial has been carried out. Five patients who have failed at least two HAART regimens due to intolerance or resistance, and have CD4 counts above 150 cells/mm3 and a viral load greater than 5000 copies/ml, have been serially enrolled for a 6-month study with 21 day, 3, 6, 9, and 12-month monitoring points. Each patient was given a single i.v. dose of |[sim]| 1 |[times]| 1010 genetically-modified autologous T cells, and then monitored for viral load, CD4 count, replication competent lentivirus (RCL), outgrowth of vector-modified cells, immunological parameters, and adverse events. Serious adverse events (SAE) were defined in part by a sustained 30% increase in viral load, or sustained 0.5 log decrease in CD4 count within 3 weeks post dose. All five patients have been dosed, and have completed the critical 3-week safety timepoint. No SAEs related to the product have occurred, and all RCL tests have been negative, including a biological RCL assay performed on apheresed patient PBMCs at 6 months. Patients 1-3 have reached their 1 year follow-up and all three have demonstrated clinically significant (>0.5 log) reductions in their viral loads at 1 year at 0.78 log, 1.61 log, and 0.57 log, respectively. Furthermore, patients 2 and 3 have had a 20% and 30% increase in CD4 counts, respectively, while patient 1 has maintained a steady CD4 count. Patient 4 will reach his 9-month follow up in March, and Patient 5 has just completed his 3-month follow up. Circulating vector-modified cells was detected in patient 2 at one year, to month 9 in patients 1 and 3, and they remain detectable in patients 4 and 5. To date, 211 total integration sites from the transduced clinical products of all 5 patients have been analyzed; initial results indicate that VRX496 preferentially integrates into transcription units and disfavors integration into alphoid repeats, a pattern that is comparable to and indistinguishable from wild type HIV. These data support the safety and feasibility of lentiviral vector therapy in the setting of ex vivo cellular therapy.
Congenital Arteriovenous Fistulas of the Thoracic Wall
Authors: HERBERT C. MAIER, ARTHUR PURDY STOUT
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Arteriovenous fistulas of the thoracic wall may produce murmurs and thrills which suggest an intrathoracic vascular abnormality. Congenital arteriovenous fistulas in the precordial region, the site of the fistula in the case here reported, may be confused with anomalies of the heart and great vessels. The differential diagnosis of blood vessel tumors of the chest wall is discussed. Occasionally arteriovenous fistulas involve both the thoracic wall and intrathoracic viscera.
HLA class II upregulation during viral infection leads to HLA-DP–directed graft-versus-host disease after CD4+ donor lymphocyte infusion
Authors: Sanja Stevanović, Cornelis A. M. van Bergen, Simone A. P. van Luxemburg-Heijs, Boris van der Zouwen, Ekaterina S. Jordanova, Alwine B. Kruisselbrink, Marian van de Meent, Jessica C. Harskamp, Frans H. J. Claas, Erik W. A. Marijt, Jaap Jan Zwaginga, Constantijn J. M. Halkes, Inge Jedema, Marieke Griffioen, J. H. Frederik Falkenburg
Journal: Blood (2013)
Convulsions under Trilene Anaesthesia
Authors: H. A. Condon
Journal: BMJ (1948)

BRITISHthe brain and cord should be preserved in glycerol-saline or, better still, by refrigeration for virus studies.Methods by which the amount of myelin tissue in these vaccines could be reduced to a minimum should be sought and perfected.SummaryA fatal case of acute disseminated myelitis following anti- rabic treatment is described, together with the post-mortenm findings.The differential diagnosis and the aetiology are discussed.Suggestions are made to reduce the incidence of these accidents in the future.I wish to thank the D.
Standardization of DNA isolation from low cell numbers for chimerism analysis by PCR of short tandem repeats
Authors: M van der Burg, H Kreyenberg, A Willasch, B H Barendregt, S Preuner, F Watzinger, T Lion, E Roosnek, J Harvey, M Alcoceba, M G Díaz, P Bader, J J M van Dongen
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
French doctors grumble at healthcare reforms
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1998)

French doctors are gradually adapting to a new system of health care introduced in 1997 to control escalating health costs, although many are doing so reluctantly.

By last month more than a tenth of French GPs had signed a contract with the health insurance branch of France's social security organisation to serve as “referring doctors,” and about 160000 patients had signed a …
INSTITUTIONS FOR EPILEPTICS.
Authors: WILLIAM P. SPRATLING
Journal: JAMA (1903)

HISTORICAL SUMMARY  As long ago as 500 years before the dawn of the Christian era epilepsy was known and described, but the epileptic as a public charge was completely neglected until the latter part of the seventeenth century, when individual efforts were made in continental Europe to improve his condition, though without any uniform results until about the beginning of the century just passed. In 1846 France took the lead in establishing a small colony for epileptics and other defectives at LaForce, near Bordeau, to be followed by Germany in 1867, when the now celebrated colony at Bielefeld, in the northwestern part of the empire was begun with four patients in one hut, and which is still the leading institution of its kind in the world, now caring for nearly 1,800 sufferers from epilepsy and over 3,000 defectives, including the epileptics, of various other kinds. Next came England in establishing