tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Candida Fungemia Diagnosed From Peripheral Blood Smear
Authors: Alan L. Buchman, Stephen Lee, Judith Miller, Adora Valdecantos
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Primary catheter sepsis is a serious consequence of the use of indwelling catheters.<sup>1</sup><i>Candida</i>fungi have been the most frequent nonbacterial organisms causing sepsis under these conditions.<sup>1-3</sup><i>Primary catheter sepsis</i>is defined as sepsis in which no other sources of infection can be documented; the fever resolves following catheter removal, and catheter tip culture results are identical to those of the peripheral blood.<sup>4</sup>We describe a case where diagnosis of catheter-related<i>Candida</i>fungemia was diagnosed almost immediately from the peripheral blood smear, compared with the most rapid culture system available, an isolator lysis centrifugation system, which has a mean time to detection of 2.95 days.<sup>5</sup> A 72-year-old woman had a Hickman catheter placed for long-term total parenteral nutrition. Eight days later she became febrille (temperature to 40°C), with chills and rigor. She had a white blood cell count of 12 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L, including 77%
Opposite effects of nanocrystalline fullerene (C60) on tumour cell growth in vitro and in vivo and a possible role of immunosupression in the cancer-promoting activity of C60
Authors: Nevena S. Zogovic, Nadezda S. Nikolic, Sanja D. Vranjes-Djuric, Ljubica M. Harhaji, Ljubica M. Vucicevic, Kristina D. Janjetovic, Maja S. Misirkic, Biljana M. Todorovic-Markovic, Zoran M. Markovic, Slobodan K. Milonjic, Vladimir S. Trajkovic
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Physicians for Prevention of Nuclear War Prepare to Consider Applications for Clinical Research
Authors: Peter Kandela
Journal: JAMA (1987)

"WE ARE UNCOMPROMISING abolitionists.... For us, abolition constitutes a medical as well as a moral categoric imperative." These words were addressed by Bernard Lown, MD, copresident of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, to the 2500 delegates attending the group's seventh world congress in Moscow this spring. Although nuclear weapons were the main concern of the congress, in the wake of the accident at Chernobyl (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:559-561, 565-568) there was also considerable debate on the risks of nuclear energy. Gordon Thompson, MD, executive director of the Institute of Resources and Security Studies in Australia, for example, pointed out that some countries have decided to exclude the nuclear option from their energy program altogether, and in others there has been a decline in the fortunes of the nuclear power industry. By way of illustration, Thompson said that the anticipated worldwide nuclear energy capacity of 4450 GWe by the year
Fat Transport in Abetalipoproteinemia
Authors: R. S. Lees, E. H. Ahrens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Over a four-day period an 11-year-old boy with abetalipoproteinemia was given intravenously 2150 ml of citrated plasma from a subject with hyperbetalipoproteinemia. The recipient's plasma β-protein cholesterol concentration was raised from zero to a maximum of 285 mg per deciliter. Despite high plasma levels of β-lipoprotein for more than six days, plasma glycerides never rose above 22 mg per deciliter, and no evidence was found for the formation of chylomicrons or pre-β-lipoproteins. The infused β-lipoprotein disappeared from the recipient's plasma with a half-time of 2.3 days. The removal rate of β-lipoprotein from plasma may be normal in abetalipoproteinemia, and the provision of β-lipoprotein to a patient with the disease does not reverse the defects in glyceride transport. Thus, these defects are not due simply to the lack of circulating β-lipoprotein.
More than 20% of articles have a "guest" author, study shows
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2009)

At least a fifth of articles published in medical journals are likely to have a guest (or honorary) author, and journals are not doing enough to tackle the problem, say two studies presented at the Sixth International Congress of Peer Review and Biomedical Publication in Vancouver last week.

A guest author is someone who has not contributed sufficiently to the work but whose name is included in the list of authors. In a survey of corresponding authors of nearly 900 articles published in high impact general medical journals in 2008, 20% of respondents admitted that their paper had at least one guest author. In addition, nearly 8% admitted that their article had at least one ghost author—someone who had written the article or otherwise …
THE USE OF THE OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IN MEDICAL TEACHING
Authors: IRVING S. CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1928)

My purpose in this paper is to call attention again 1 to the importance of stressing teaching in and from the outpatient department. We have been somewhat inclined, in our demands for hospital clinical material, to relegate to a place of minor importance the wealth of material offered by a well organized outpatient department. We have been a bit prone, perhaps, to forget that we must teach the practice as well as the principles of medicine and we have forgotten that the outpatient department offers the best possible cross-section of what that practice comprises.  The outpatient department, well manned with teaching personnel, adequately equipped and supervised, constitutes by far the most important factor in the teaching of clinical medicine to undergraduate students; or, to put it another way, a department capable of carrying 75 per cent of the undergraduate clinical teaching requires only an outpatient service with good quarters, proper
Comparison of Post-operative Pain and Stiffness After the Use of Suxamethonium and Suxethonium Compounds
Authors: G. D. Parbrook, G. F. M. Pierce
Journal: BMJ (1960)

The low incidence of persistent infections is in agree- ment with our previous findings in children infected with T. mentagrophytes (English and Gibson, 1960), but apparently contrasts with the situation in miners (Gentles and Holmes, 1957).However, the overwhelm- ing number of infections in the pit revisited by these authors were due to T. ,utbrum, a species notorious for
SAT0175 Results of the Classification Criteria for Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis Validation Study
Authors: S. De Vita, L. Quartuccio, M. Isola, L. Corazza, M. Ramos-Casals, S. Retamozo, G. Ragab, N. Zoheir, M. M. El Menyawi, M. Salem, D. Sansonno, V. Conteduca, G. Ferraccioli, E. Gremese, A. Tzioufas, M. Voulgarelis, D. Vassilopoulos, C. Koutsianas, A. L. Zignego, T. Urraro, N. Pipitone, C. Salvarani, A. Ghinoi, L. Guillevin, B. Terrier, P. Cacoub, D. Filippini, F. Saccardo, A. Gabrielli, P. Fraticelli, M. Tomsic, C. Ferri, M. Sebastiani, A. Tavoni, E. Catarsi, C. Mazzaro, P. Pioltelli, N. Nishimoto, P. Scaini, G. Monti, M. Pietrogrande, M. Galli, S. Bombardieri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> the preliminary Classification Criteria for cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) have been developed in 2011 by an European cooperative study (1). <h3>Objectives</h3> to validate these Classification Criteria for CV with the participation of non-European Countries. <h3>Methods</h3> 20 Centres from Europe, Egypt, and Japan partecipated. New consecutive, unselected patients with CV (Group A) and controls (subjects with cryoglobulins without a CV based on the golden standard clinical judgment; Group B) were studied. A sample size of 140 patients for each group was estimated to obtain a sensitivity (SE) and a specificity (SP) of at least 90±5%, according to the previous results (1). A dedicated chart was distributed to the Centres. The sensitivity and specificity of the 2011 Classification Criteria were calculated in the present validation series by comparing Group A versus Group B. <h3>Results</h3> 251 patients in Group A and 175 controls in Group B were recruited. The questionnaire (at least 2/3 positive answers) showed a SE of 89.2% (95% CI 85.4-93.1) and a SP of 93.7% (95% CI 90.1-97.3); the clinical item (at least 3/4 clinical items among constitutional, articular, vascular and neurologic involvement) showed a SE of 76.1% (95% CI 70.8-81.4) and a SP of 88.6% (95% CI 83.8-93.9), and the laboratory item (at least 2/3 tests, among positive rheumatoid factor, low C4, and the presence of serum monoclonal component) showed 75.1% (95% CI 69.5-80.7) of SE and 71.5% (95% CI 64.6-78.4) of SP. The final 2011 Classification Criteria (at least 2/3 positive items) showed a SE of 89.3% (95% CI 85.3-93.3) and a SP of 93.9 % (95% CI 90.3-97.6). <h3>Conclusions: Conclusion</h3> : The 2011 International Classification Criteria for the cryoglobulinemic vasculitis have been validated in a new cohort of real cases and controls. Patients where CV is suspected on clinical grounds, but where cryoglobulins are negative, cannot be classified, since positive serum cryoglobulinemia is a <i>conditio sine qua non</i> for classification (1). However, the performance of these criteria on this subset of patients is under evaluation. <h3>References</h3> De Vita S, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:1183-90. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Sexual Inversion: The Multiple Roots of Homosexuality
Authors: Samuel Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

With 18 authors (all but two of them physicians) this volume suffers from more than the average ills of multiple authorship. In addition to a loosely coordinated text, there is undue repetition and semantic haggling. Almost all of the authors struggle with what is meant by homosexuality. Romm records the best operational definition, An individual should be considered homosexual only when erotic activity with the same sex is practiced repeatedly and preferentially after adolescence.  Opinions diverge regarding causality. Pore emphasizes genetic and constitutional  Perloff states bluntly that homosexuality is a purely psychological phenomenon. Yet Marmor, the editor, points out validly that (the same) experiential features in the lives of homosexual individuals abound in the histories of countless heterosexual individuals also and cannot therefore be in themselves specific causative factors. Kallmann's genetic investigations in this area receive undue, almost hostile criticism. The relevance of the chapter on ambisexuality in animals
Health Service Use by African Americans and Caucasians with Asthma in a Managed Care Setting
Authors: EDWARD M. ZORATTI, SUZANNE HAVSTAD, JUAN RODRIGUEZ, YOEL ROBENS-PARADISE, JENNIFER E. LAFATA, BRUCE McCARTHY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Managed care plan members provide a population for analysis that minimizes the financial barriers to routine medical care that have been linked to high rates of asthma-related hospitalization, emergency care, and mortality among urban African Americans. We examined patterns of asthma care among 464 African American (AA) and 1,609 Caucasian (C) asthma patients, age 15 to 45 yr, in a southeast Michigan managed care system during 1993. Compared with C, AA had fewer visits to asthma specialists (0.32 versus 0.50 visits/yr, p = 0.002), and filled fewer prescriptions for inhaled steroids (1.44 versus 1.74 Rx/yr, p = 0.038), while being more likely to visit the emergency department with asthma (0.71 versus 0.28 visits/yr, p < 0.001), to be hospitalized with asthma (0.08 versus 0.03 admissions/yr, p = 0.002), or to have filled prescriptions for oral steroids (0.91 versus 0.59 Rx/yr, p < 0.001). AA were equally likely to have visited a primary care physician for asthma (0.95 versus 0.93 visits/yr, p = 0.81). Similar physician visit profiles and discrepancies in the use of oral steroids persisted when analyzing exclusively low socioeconomic status subgroups. These results suggest that ethnic differences in patterns of asthma-related health care persist within managed care settings and are only partially due to financial barriers.
Assessing Spinal Axon Regeneration and Sprouting in Nogo-, MAG-, and OMgp-Deficient Mice
Authors: Jae K. Lee, Cédric G. Geoffroy, Andrea F. Chan, Kristine E. Tolentino, Michael J. Crawford, Marisa A. Leal, Brian Kang, Binhai Zheng
Journal: Neuron (2010)
The association of airway hyperresponsiveness and tuberculin responses
Authors: A.-S. Jang, M.-H. Son
Journal: Allergy (2002)

The balance between the two subsets of T cell is pivotal for allergic sensitization.We conducted a cross-sectional study of 486 children vaccinated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), aged 10-13 years, to evaluate whether tuberculin responses may contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).Tuberculin skin test, allergic skin test, and methacholine challenge test were done. The methacholine concentration causing a 20% fall (PC20) in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was used as a threshold of AHR. Atopy was defined as a reaction showing a mean wheal size of > or = 3 mm to one or more allergens on skin prick test (SPT). Two tuberculin units of polysorbate-stabilized purified protein derivatives (PPD) were injected intradermally into the volar surface of the forearm. Reactions were read at 48-72 h as the transverse diameter in millimeters of induration.Of the children in the study, 12.3% (60/486) had PPD induration; 7.8% (38/486) of children had PPD induration of greater than 10 mm. The PPD induration size was 10.5 +/- 1.03 mm (confidence interval (CI) 7.19-12.33) in atopic children and 11.2 +/- 0.76 mm (CI 7.89-13.1) in nonatopic children. The differences of PPD induration diameter between the two groups were not significant. There was no difference of log PC20 between PPD induration > or = 10 mm and < 10 mm (0.13 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.42 +/- 0.05). The difference of log PC20 between positive and negative tuberculin response was not significant. Children with atopy had lower log PC20 than those without atopy (0.16 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.51 +/- 0.05, P = 0.001). After adjusting for sex, age, height, weight, tuberculin response, atopy was associated with AHR in multivariate analyses (odds ratio = 1.895, CI 1.285-2.505, P = 0.002).These data suggested that a tuberculin response due to mycobacterial infection status have no effect on AHR in schoolchildren.
Management of groin pain in athletes.
Authors: P A Fricker
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

Groin pain is a difficult clinical problem because of the variety of conditions that are potentially responsible. Much of the "theory" of groin pain is just that, theory, and much needs to be done to document the pathomechanics and symptomatology of this anatomical region. Notwithstanding the above, clinicians should be comfortable in the knowledge that they can provide relief in most cases and a cure in more than a few. The recommended diagnostic approach is anatomical, supported by judicious selection of diagnostic imaging techniques. Management then comprises a considered approach to functional recovery, allowing time to heal, regain strength, and restore mobility. Patients should be reminded that there are no short cuts and precipitate return to sport is not worth the risk in most cases.
Dynamic brain systems in quest for emotional homeostasis
Authors: Jack van Honk, J. L. G. Schutter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Lewis proposes a solution for bridging the gap between cognitive-psychological and neurobiological theories of emotion in terms of dynamic systems modeling. However, an important brain network is absent in his account: the neuroendocrine system. In this commentary, the dynamic features of the cross-talk between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and gonadal (HPG) axes are discussed within a triple-balance model of emotion.
Observations on the Mechanism of Decreased Tubular Reabsorption of Sodium and Water during Saline Loading*
Authors: Laurence E. Early, Robert M. Friedler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

It has been demonstrated by several recent stud- ies that the regulation of sodium excretion in- volves factors other than the total filtered load of sodium and the renal tubular effects of mineralocorticoids.Contrary to earlier suggestions that an increase in the filtered load of sodium may be sufficient to account for the natriuresis of saline loading in the dog, de Wardener, Mills, Chapman, and Hayter (1) reported that the administration of saline to dogs receiving an exogenous mineralo- corticoid results in an increased excretion of so- dium that is not necessarily accompanied by an in- creased glomerular filtration rate.On the basis of this and other considerations, these authors suggested that natriuresis resulting from saline load- ing may be due largely to some unidentified cir- culating factor that affects tubular reabsorption.Similar observations that saline loading may re- sult in natriuresis without a spontaneous increase in the filtered load of sodium have been made in this laboratory (2).Levinsky and Lalone (3), Blythe and Welt (4), and Rector, Van Giesen, Kiil, and Seldin (5) have demonstrated that hemo- dynamically induced reductions in the filtered load of sodium do not abolish the natriuresis of iso- tonic (3, 5) or hypertonic (4) saline loading.Thus, several recent investigations are consistent with the view that the excretion of sodium may be regulated in part by yet unidentified factors that alter net tubular reabsorption.It was the purpose of the present studies to determine if specific changes in urinary composi- tion may be associated with saline loading, under conditions of controlled urine flow.When the diuretic response to saline loading was prevented
Serum androgen-anabolic hormones and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: R Heikkila, K Aho, M Heliovaara, P Knekt, A Reunanen, A Aromaa, A Leino, T Palosuo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> It has been hypothesised, mainly on the basis of indirect evidence, that low serum concentrations of androgen-anabolic hormones would play a causal part in the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>METHODS</h3> A case-control study was nested with a Finnish cohort of 19 072 adults who had neither arthritis nor a history of it at the baseline examination during 1973–1977. Pre-illness serum specimens for the assay of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were available from 116 cases who had developed RA by late 1989. Three controls per each incident case were individually matched for sex, age, and municipality. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The mean testosterone concentration was 1.4 nmol/l in those 84 women who developed RA and 1.4 nmol/l in their controls; the corresponding figures for DHEAS were 5.2 μmol/l and 5.5 μmol/l, respectively. Mean testosterone concentration in the 32 male cases was 26.1 nmol/l and 26.4 nmol/l in their controls; the corresponding figures for DHEAS were 11.2 μmol/l and 10.1 μmol/l, respectively. Analysis by subgroups (rheumatoid factor positive and negative disease, premenopausal and postmenopausal women) and by hormone distributions showed no differences. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The findings are not in line with the contention that low concentrations of testosterone and DHEAS play a part in the aetiology of RA.
Hypokalemic Nephropathy — A Clue to Cystogenesis?
Authors: Robert J. Alpern, Robert D. Toto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Potassium deficiency has long attracted the attention of both clinicians and physiologists because of its numerous effects on renal function. Since potassium is the most prevalent intracellular cation, it is not surprising that its deficiency results in marked alterations in cell structure and function. The most common abnormality of renal function is a concentrating defect, due to decreased solute concentration in the medulla and the unresponsiveness of the collecting tubule to vasopressin. This resistance to vasopressin is caused by increased prostaglandin production and the consequent prostaglandin-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase activation by vasopressin.1 Potassium deficiency is also associated with increased . . .
Prevalence and relevance of allergic reactions in patients patch tested in North America—1984 to 1985
Authors: Frances J. Storrs, Lawrence E. Rosenthal, Robert M. Adams, William Clendenning, Edward A. Emmett, Alexander A. Fisher, Walter G. Larsen, Howard I. Maibach, Robert L. Rietschel, William F. Schorr, James S. Taylor
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1989)
Premature Rupture of the Membranes at Term
Authors: Patrick Duff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Premature rupture of the membranes, which is defined as rupture before the onset of labor, complicates 5 to 10 percent of all pregnancies. Preterm rupture of the membranes has received considerable attention in the obstetrical literature and deservedly so, for it is directly responsible for approximately one third of all preterm deliveries. At least 60 percent of cases of premature rupture of the membranes occur in pregnant women at term, however, and even at this length of gestation, clinical management is surprisingly controversial.1 The specific dilemma involves how best to treat patients with premature rupture of the membranes and cervixes . . .
Increased left atrial volume index is an independent predictor of raised serum natriuretic peptide in patients with suspected heart failure but normal left ventricular ejection fraction: Implication for diagnosis of diastolic heart failure
Authors: Tiong K. Lim, Houman Ashrafian, Girish Dwivedi, Paul O. Collinson, Roxy Senior
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Aspartame is no more likely than placebo to cause urticaria/angioedema: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
Authors: R GEHA, C BUCKLEY, P GREENBERGER, R PATTERSON, S POLMAR, A SAXON, A ROHR, W YANG, M DROUIN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1993)
Anaphylactoid and anaphylactic reactions to iodinated contrast material
Authors: D. Laroche, F. Namour, C. Lefrançois, I. Aimone‐Gastin, A. Romano, J. Sainte‐Laudy, M. C. Laxenaire, J. L. Guéant
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Some adverse reactions to iodinated contrast material (ICM) are considered allergy-like, with cutaneous, cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive symptoms. Allergy-like reactions are usually unpredictable. Reactions are more frequent with ionic than with nonionic material, but the frequency of deaths is almost identical. In a recent study, 20 severe unexpected reactions to ICM, including 10 life-threatening reactions and one death, were investigated by measuring mediators in blood, within the first minutes or hours of reaction. The responsible ICMs were mostly ionic materials. Histamine and tryptase release correlated with the severity of the reaction. Specific IgE against the responsible ICM was significantly higher in reactors than in controls. A few patients had positive skin tests to the administered ICM, suggesting type-I allergic reaction. Only 2.4% and 3.1% of the cases yielded a positive IgE-RIA, in a second retrospective study which included 165 patients recruited during a 4-year period. In conclusion, IgE-mediated anaphylaxis is rare, but it may be one of the possible mechanisms of severe adverse reactions to ICM.