tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Topotecan versus paclitaxel for the treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: W ten Bokkel Huinink, M Gore, J Carmichael, A Gordon, J Malfetano, I Hudson, C Broom, C Scarabelli, N Davidson, M Spanczynski, G Bolis, H Malmström, R Coleman, S C Fields, J F Heron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE Topotecan and paclitaxel were evaluated in a randomized, multicenter study of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma who had progressed during or after one platinum-based regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received either topotecan (1.5 mg/m2) as a 30-minute infusion daily for 5 days every 21 days (n = 112) or paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) infused over 3 hours every 21 days (n = 114). Patients had bidimensionally measurable disease and were assessed for efficacy and toxicity. RESULTS Response rate was 23 of 112 (20.5%) in topotecan-treated patients and 15 of 114 (13.2%) in paclitaxel-treated patients (P = .138). Disease stabilization for at least 8 weeks was noted in 30% of patients with topotecan and 33% of patients with paclitaxel. Median durations of response to topotecan and paclitaxel were 32 and 20 weeks, respectively (P = .222) and median times to progression were 23 and 14 weeks, respectively (P = .002). Median survival was 61 weeks for topotecan and 43 weeks for paclitaxel (P = .515). Response rates for topotecan and paclitaxel were 13.3% versus 6.7% (P = .303) in resistant patients (not responded to prior platinum-based therapy or progressed within 6 months of an initial response) and 28.8% versus 20.0% (P = .213) in sensitive patients (progressed &gt; 6 months after response). Neutropenia was significantly more frequent on the topotecan arm 79% versus paclitaxel arm 23% (P &lt; .01). It was short-lasting and noncumulative in both arms. Nonhematologic toxicities were generally mild (grades 1 to 2) for both agents. CONCLUSION Topotecan has efficacy at least equivalent to paclitaxel manifested by the higher response rate and significantly longer time to progression.
Early chest computed tomography (CCT) in hematologic patients with suspicion of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA)
Authors: Edmundo Rosales-Mayor, Mariana N. Benegas Urteaga, Carmen M. Lucena, Montse Rovira, Pedro Arguis, Marcelo Sánchez, Carles Agusti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: IPA is a life-threatening infection in hematologic patients.

Aim: To evaluate the utility of CCT signs suggestive of IPA according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycosis Study Group (EORTC-MSG) in a cohort of hematologic patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of a cohort of patients who underwent an early CCT (<48 hours) to rule out IPA. IPA was diagnosed following the EORTC-MSG criteria and by clinical evolution and treatment response. Patients were separated into 3 groups: group A with any of the prespecified radiological criteria for IPA; group B without those criteria but with abnormal CCT findings, and group C with normal CCT findings. Results: Out of the 129 patients evaluated (mean age 49+/-15 years; 57%, males), 69 (53%) were finally diagnosed of IPA (74% in group A, 26% in group B, 0% in group C). In patients from group B, no differences in symptoms, presence of neutropenia or specific CCT findings (ground-glass opacities, consolidation, pleural effusion, centrolobular nodules and tree-in-bud), were observed. Only the presence of positive serum Aspergillus galactomannan antigen index test was more common in patients with IPA (47% vs 10%,p=0.02) in this group. Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients finally diagnosed of IPA do not show established radiological criteria for IPA according to the EORTC-MSG.
ASCO's international cancer corps: Oncology nursing education in Honduras.
Authors: Lisa Kennedy Sheldon, Julie R. Carlson, Jose Angel Sanchez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e19515 Background: Developing countries face a heavy cancer burden. Nurses in oncology care are challenged by lack of resources and training to care for these patients. Volunteer nurses from other nations have been used as clinician/educators on service trips organized by ASCO’s International Cancer Corps and Health Volunteers Overseas. In 2011, a team of four oncology providers, two gynecologic oncologists and two oncology nurses, traveled to Tegucigalpa, Honduras, to improve cancer care through education/training and professional development. Methods: The team explored cancer care and oncology nursing in outpatient and inpatient settings, provided training to residents and medical students, and presented the first ever cancer nursing conference in this country. The two-day conference, with over 100 participants from different cities and insitutions, included cancer registry data, treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, symptom management, palliative care and psychosocial concerns. It concluded with a roundtable discussion for future directions. A survey was piloted with conference participants to assess needs for continuing education and professional development. Data were collected from 61 nurses (age, gender, education/training, years in oncology, work settings, access to educational resources, and educational needs). Results: The majority of the nurses (59.7%) learned about cancer care during patient care with &lt;4% having formal training/coursework. The most common cancers were leukemias, breast, cervical, and stomach. The nurses wanted more education about chemotherapy (medications, administration, management of side effects), pain management, palliative care and emotional support. Conclusions: Volunteer oncology providers can improve cancer care in developing countries. Meeting the educational needs requires site-specific exploration of training and resources, and the goals of providers, hospitals, and healthcare organizations in the host country. The survey could be replicated prior to travel to assess the needs of oncology nurses in other developing countries and plan appropriate training programs.
Prognostic and Predictive Factors for Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Undergoing Aggressive Induction Therapy Followed by High-Dose Chemotherapy With Autologous Stem-Cell Support
Authors: D. A. Rizzieri, J. J. Vredenburgh, R. Jones, M. Ross, E. J. Shpall, A. Hussein, G. Broadwater, D. Berry, W. P. Petros, C. Gilbert, M. L. Affronti, D. Coniglio, P. Rubin, M. Elkordy, G. D. Long, N. J. Chao, W. P. Peters
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: We performed a retrospective review to determine predictive and prognostic factors in patients with metastatic breast cancer who received induction therapy, and, if they responded to treatment, high-dose chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with metastatic breast cancer received induction therapy with doxorubicin, fluorouracil, and methotrexate (AFM). Partial responders then received immediate high-dose chemotherapy, whereas those who achieved complete remission were randomized to immediate or delayed high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell support. We performed a retrospective review of data from these patients and used Cox proportional hazards regression models for analyses. RESULTS: The overall response rate for the 425 patients enrolled was 74% (95% confidence interval, 70% to 78%). Multivariate analysis of data from all 425 patients revealed that positive estrogen receptor status (P = .0041), smaller metastatic foci (≤ 2 v &gt; 2 cm) (P = .0165), a longer disease-free interval from initial diagnosis to diagnosis of metastases (≤ 2 v &gt; 2 years) (P = .0051), and prior treatment with tamoxifen (P = .0152) were good prognostic signs for overall survival. Patients who had received prior adjuvant therapy (P = .0001) and those who developed liver metastases (P = .0001) had decreased long-term survival. In the subgroup of responders to AFM induction, multivariate analysis showed that those with visceral metastases did less well (P = .0006), as did patients who had received prior adjuvant therapy (P = .0023). However, those who had received tamoxifen therapy in the adjuvant setting did better (P = .0143). CONCLUSION: The chance for long-term remission with induction therapy with AFM and high-dose chemotherapy is increased for hormone receptor positive–patients with nonvisceral metastases who have not received prior adjuvant chemotherapy and have long disease-free intervals.
Comparison of a novel assay for breast cancer mucin to CA15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen.
Authors: L Daly, J Ferguson, G P Cram, V Hars, S L George, K S McCarty, R C Bast
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE To compare the sensitivity and specificity of an automated microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) for breast cancer mucin (IMx BCM; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) to that of CA15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for detecting and monitoring breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS IMxBCM was compared to assays of CA15-3 and CEA in 630 serum specimens from healthy women, and from women with breast cancer, other malignancies, benign breast conditions, or other benign diseases. RESULTS Analysis of the log-transforms for the three markers in all specimens showed a high correlation of IMxBCM with CA15-3 (r = .78), but not with CEA (r = .25). Based on a receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC)-curve analysis for any given specificity, IMxBCM was found to be a more sensitive marker than either CA15-3 or CEA for distinguishing 105 women with advanced or metastatic breast cancer from 89 healthy women (P = .003 and P = .04, respectively), from 98 women with benign breast conditions (P = .02 and P = .002), or from 191 women with benign diseases (P = .03 and P less than .0001). At 95% specificity, the sensitivities of IMxBCM, CA15-3, and CEA for detecting advanced or metastatic breast cancer were 69%, 51%, and 30%, respectively. Serial serum samples (n = 177) were analyzed in 20 additional metastatic breast cancer patients with measurable disease. Serial IMxBCM levels corresponded with the clinical course of disease in 80%, CA15-3 in 65%, and CEA in 60% of the 20 patients. CONCLUSIONS Increased sensitivity of IMxBCM, despite a high correlation with CA15-3, suggests that IMxBCM and CA15-3 may recognize distinct epitopes on the same molecule. Although further research is indicated, IMxBCM may provide a promising marker in the clinical management of breast cancer patients.
The comparison of early and late onset asthma among elderly asthmatics
Authors: Bülent Bozkurt, Hale Sahin, Duygu Özol, Zeki Yildirim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Asthma is important cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly.There are significant effects of long standing inflammation on airway obstruction and remodeling.This study aims to compare clinical characteristics of early and late-onset elderly asthmatics.   Method:  A retrospective study was conducted in 116 elderly asthmatics admitted to Fatih University,Dept of Chest between January 2008-2011. Onset of asthma was the year when dyspnea firstly appear (cut-off age for onset; 65).   Results:  Mean age of patients was 73±6.2years and 23of them were male. 21.6% of patients were smoker. 19% of patients had allergic rhinitis. 3.4% of the patients had complete asthma control.Main systemic disease was hypertension (69.8%). There were 48 early-onset and 68 late-onset asthmatics. Cough (2.7 (95%CI:1.2-5.8)and sputum production (3.3 (95%CI:1.5-7.7)were more frequent in late onset asthmatics. Medications were rarely prescribed (0.07 (95%CI:0.02-0.19) in late-onset asthmatics. Theophylline (0.18 (95%CI: 0.04-0.89)and salbutamol (0.21 (95%CI: 0.07-0.65)were rarely used in late-onset asthma (p   Conclusions:  Desired clinical outcomes may be more difficult to achieve in elderly asthmatics due to comorbid conditions, cognitive and financial status.Chronic cough with sputum is not unusual in elderly with asthma, although it is usually associated with smoking, chronic bronchitis, and several conditions in late-onset asthmatics. Risk of adverse effects of treatment increases with increasing age and often limits choice and frequency of medications; moreover theophylline and salbutamol are rarely prescribed to patients with late-onset asthma. Future studies may give better understanding of etiopathogenesis of early and late-onset asthma.
Specificity of Natural Cytotoxic Reactivity of Normal Human Lymphocytes Against a Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line
Authors: John R. Ortaldo, Robert K. Oldham, Grace C. Cannon, Ronald B. Herberman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Specificity of Natural Cytotoxic Reactivity of Normal Human Lymphocytes Against a Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line Get access John R. Ortaldo, John R. Ortaldo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert K. Oldham, Robert K. Oldham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Grace C. Cannon, Grace C. Cannon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ronald B. Herberman Ronald B. Herberman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 1, July 1977, Pages 77–82, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.1.77 Published: 01 July 1977 Article history Received: 20 October 1976 Accepted: 19 January 1977 Published: 01 July 1977
Abstract MP015: Resistance Exercise and Incident Metabolic Syndrome in Men
Authors: Duck-chul Lee, Xuemei Sui, Enrique G. Artero, Steven N. Blair
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: There is little evidence on the association between resistance exercise and incident metabolic syndrome. Hypothesis: We examined the hypothesis that resistance exercise reduces the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in men. Methods: Participants were 6,098 men aged 18 to 83 years (mean age, 46) who received an extensive preventive medical examination during 1987–2006, and were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and metabolic syndrome at baseline. Resistance exercise was assessed by self-reported muscle strengthening activities using either free weights or weight training machines. We used the frequency of resistance exercise (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 days/week) as our main exposure categories. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the following criteria: waist circumference &gt;102 cm, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol &lt;40 mg/dL, systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg or physician-diagnosed hypertension, and fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL or physician-diagnosed diabetes according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Follow-up was calculated from the baseline examination to the first event of metabolic syndrome or the last examination through 2006. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of incident metabolic syndrome across resistance exercise. Age, examination year, body mass index, current smoking, heavy alcohol drinking (&gt;14 drinks/week), abnormal electrocardiography, and aerobic exercise (inactive, low, medium, and high) were included in the multivariate regression model. Results: During the 5-year mean follow-up, 1,088 men developed metabolic syndrome. About 62% of men did not participate in resistance exercise, 3% of men participated in 1 day/week of resistance exercise, and 35% of men met the Physical Activity Guidelines for resistance exercise (≥2 days/week). Resistance exercise was inversely associated with incident metabolic syndrome after adjusting for possible confounders including aerobic exercise (trend P &lt;0.01). Compared with no resistance exercise, the HRs (95% CIs) of developing metabolic syndrome were 0.83 (0.55–1.26), 0.88 (0.70–1.11), 0.85 (0.72–1.02), 0.62 (0.43–0.88), and 0.74 (0.51–1.07) for 1, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 days/week of resistance exercise, respectively. Men meeting the recommended resistance exercise (≥2 days/week) had 18% lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome (HR=0.82, 95% CI=0.71–0.94) compared with men not meeting the recommendation (0 or 1 day/week of resistance exercise). Conclusions: Participating in resistance exercise may reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in adult men.
Aspirin hypersensitive and aspirin-tolerant eosinophilic asthma share common patern of inflammatory cells influx and lipid mediators in airways
Authors: Natalia Celejewska-Wójcik, Krzysztof Wójcik, Agata Sawina, Anna Gielicz, Aleksander Kania, Lucyna Mastalerz, Marek Sanak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background 

Asthmatic inflammation is characterized by influx of inflammatory cells releasing lipid mediators. Eicosanoids are potent chemoattractants and activators of inflammation or direct bronchoconstrictors. Asthma is stratified into eosinophilic, neutrophilic, mixed or non-eosinophilic and non-neutrophilic depending on type of airway inflammation determined by cell counts in induced sputum (IS). Our aim was to investigate IS inflammatory cell counts and eicosanoids profile of asthmatics.

Methods 

Asthmatics with aspirin-hypersensitivity (AIA, 73) or tolerating NSAIDs (ATA, 64) were enrolled. The diagnosis based on the previous challenge test. A healthy control group (HC, 27) was also included. IS samples were collected and processed by a standardized method for cytospin examination and eicosanoid measurements in the supernatant. Leukotrienes: B4, D4, E4 and prostaglandin D2 were measured by a HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry.

Results 

Eosinophilic phenotype (>2% eosinophils) was found in 44% AIA and 16% ATA. IS concentration of LTD4, LTE4 and PGD2 was significantly higher in AIA compared to ATA, and in asthmatics compared to HC. A positive corelation between blood or sputum eosinophilia and cysLTs or PGD2 was observed in asthma groups. Eosinophilic asthma was characterized by significantly higher cysLTs and PGD2. When only eosinophilc asthmatics were compared, no differences were present between AIA and ATA.

Conclusions 

We confirmed that cys-LTs are overproduced in IS supernatant of AIA subjects. Noninvasively obtained IS eicosanoids cannot discriminates well AIA from ATA because of an overlap present in asthma with eosinophilic phenotype.
Innate Immune Defenses Mediated by Two ILC Subsets Are Critical for Protection against Acute Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Michael C. Abt, Brittany B. Lewis, Silvia Caballero, Huizhong Xiong, Rebecca A. Carter, Bože Sušac, Lilan Ling, Ingrid Leiner, Eric G. Pamer
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2015)
Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Sodium-Dependent Phosphate Transporter 2B (Napi2B) Protein Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc)
Authors: M. D'Arcangelo, O.T. Brustugun, Y. Xiao, Y. Choi, C. Behrens, L.M. Solis, Y. Wang, R. Firestein, T.A. Boyle, M. Lund-Iversen, C.J. Rivard, Å. Helland, I. Wistuba, F.R. Hirsch, D. Shames
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Regimen-related toxicity of a busulfan-cyclophosphamide conditioning regimen in 70 patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: T J Nevill, M J Barnett, H G Klingemann, D E Reece, J D Shepherd, G L Phillips
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

The regimen-related toxicity (RRT) of a busulfan (16 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) conditioning regimen (BuCy) was evaluated in 70 consecutive patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Patients were given toxicity gradings retrospectively in each of eight organ systems (cardiac, bladder, renal, pulmonary, hepatic, CNS, stomatic, and gastrointestinal) according to a recently developed RRT scale. A set of patient, disease, and treatment parameters (age, sex, diagnosis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] score, preconditioning liver function tests [LFT], prior chemotherapy exposure, disease status, graft-versus-host disease [GVHD] prophylaxis, antimicrobial agent use, hematologic recovery, and severity of acute GVHD) was statistically analyzed to determine significant predictors of RRT. The most common significant organ toxicities were stomatic (87% of patients; 63% grades II to IV) and hepatic (83% of patients; 44% grades II to IV). Renal and gastrointestinal toxicities were not uncommon (35% and 27%, respectively) but were rarely serious (9% and 1% grades II to IV, respectively). Twelve patients developed grade III toxicities of the following systems: hepatic (seven), pulmonary (two), bladder (two), and CNS (one). Females had more frequent stomatitis (P = .04) and hepatic RRT (P = .004). Patients receiving methotrexate in their GVHD prophylactic regimen experienced more grade II to IV stomatitis (P = .04) and hepatic RRT (P = .04). The use of amphotericin B (P = .01) or prolonged antibiotic courses (P = .04) was associated with more grades II to IV hepatic RRT. In a multivariate analysis, only amphotericin B administration predicted grades II to IV hepatic RRT (P = .01). The incidence of acute GVHD was 49%, with 31% having grades II to IV GVHD. The estimated 2-year event-free survival (EFS) for the entire study group was 44%. The estimated 2-year EFS was 63% for standard-risk patients (acute leukemia in first remission and chronic myelogenous leukemia [CML] in first stable phase) and 24% for all others (high-risk patients). High-risk patients were at increased risk of disease recurrence and RRT. BuCy is an efficacious bone marrow transplant conditioning regimen for standard-risk patients with leukemia but has significant associated hepatic RRT.
Accumulation of &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;H-Estradiol in Testes and Pituitary Glands of Mice of Strains Differing in Susceptibility to Testicular Interstitial Cell and Pituitary Tumors After Prolonged Estrogen Treatment&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W. E. Bollengier, A. J. Eisenfeld, W. U. Gardner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Male mice from 4 diHerent inbred strains differed in susceptibility to testicular interstitial cell tumors (ict) (susceptible A and BALB/c strains) and pituitary tumors (susceptible (57 strain) after prolonged exposure to estrogens. Tritiated estradiol (3H-E2) was administered to determine possible strain diHerences in estradiol localization in testes and pituitary glands. The testes of mice of all strains retained more 3H-E2 at 1 hour after injection than did plasma or fat, but showed no consistent differences distinguishing mice from strains suceptible to ict. The testes retained much less radioactivity 4 hours after injection and did not show a lower accumulation of radioactivity when 3H-E2 was given 1 hour after a high dose of diethylstilbestrol. (The accumulation in the testes was highly variable between experiments, and other experimental approaches are believed necessary to study estrogen interaction with the interstitial cell.) The pituitary glands of all strains had high levels of radioactivity at 1 and 4 hours. Pituitary 3H-E2 accumulation was reduced after previous treatment with diethylstilbestrol. Chromatographic estimation of the extracted free estrogen from testes and pituitary glands of mice of all4 strains showed approximately 90% in the estradiol fraction and about equal amounts in the estriol and estrone fractions. Strain diHerences in pituitary radioactivity could not be associated with the tendency toward pituitary tumors.
Isolation of Feline Leukemia Virus From a Leopard Cat Cell Line and Search for Retrovirus in Wild Felidae&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S Rasheed, M B Gardner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

A strain of feline leukemia virus (FeLV), subgroup A, was isolated in early subpassage of a testicular fibroblast culture obtained from a captive Asian leopard cat. Neither FeLV nor RD-114 virus was recovered from cultured tissues of 15 other animals, representing eight species of wild Felidae.