tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Electrophysiological Substrate Underlying the ECG Phenotype and Electrogram Abnormalities in Brugada Syndrome Patients
Authors: Junjie Zhang, Frédéric Sacher, Kurt Hoffmayer, Thomas O’Hara, Maria Strom, Phillip Cuculich, Jennifer Silva, Daniel Cooper, Mitchell Faddis, Mélèze Hocini, Michel Haïssaguerre, Melvin Scheinman, Yoram Rudy
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a highly arrhythmogenic cardiac disorder, associated with an increased incidence of sudden death. Its arrhythmogenic substrate in the intact human heart remains ill-defined. Methods and Results— Using noninvasive ECG imaging, we studied 25 BrS patients to characterize the electrophysiological substrate and 6 patients with right bundle-branch block for comparison. Seven healthy subjects provided control data. Abnormal substrate was observed exclusively in the right ventricular outflow tract with the following properties (in comparison with healthy controls; P &lt;0.005): (1) ST-segment elevation and inverted T wave of unipolar electrograms (2.21±0.67 versus 0 mV); (2) delayed right ventricular outflow tract activation (82±18 versus 37±11 ms); (3) low-amplitude (0.47±0.16 versus 3.74±1.60 mV) and fractionated electrograms, suggesting slow discontinuous conduction; (4) prolonged recovery time (381±30 versus 311±34 ms) and activation-recovery intervals (318±32 versus 241±27 ms), indicating delayed repolarization; (5) steep repolarization gradients (Δrecovery time/Δx=96±28 versus 7±6 ms/cm, Δactivation-recovery interval/Δx=105±24 versus 7±5 ms/cm) at right ventricular outflow tract borders. With increased heart rate in 6 BrS patients, reduced ST-segment elevation and increased fractionation were observed. Unlike BrS, right bundle-branch block had delayed activation in the entire right ventricle, without ST-segment elevation, fractionation, or repolarization abnormalities on electrograms. Conclusions— The results indicate that both slow discontinuous conduction and steep dispersion of repolarization are present in the right ventricular outflow tract of BrS patients. ECG imaging could differentiate between BrS and right bundle-branch block.
Management of chemically contaminated bodies
Authors: A. Edkins
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

In the world today over 23 million chemical compounds are known to man.1 Of these chemicals, about 70 000 are in regular use and some 500 new ones are introduced every month into the market.2 The extensive use of chemicals in industrial processes and their storage, disposal and transport present hazards of chemical accidents (incidents) with the potential to harm humans and the environment. The mass disaster at Bhopal,3 the sarin subway attacks in Tokyo4 and the Lake Nyos incident5 have increased public awareness of the dangers of large acute chemical incidents in modern society.

The majority of chemical incidents can do harm if incorrectly managed. The role of public health agencies, emergency response agencies, health providers and related organizations is to prevent, anticipate and respond to chemical incidents so as to reduce the impact on man and his environment.6 All these agencies have a duty to ensure the health and safety of their personnel in such incidents.7 There are well-defined procedures in place for the management of chemical incidents, including advice on incident scene management, decontamination of casualties and use of personal protective equipment for emergency responders.6,8–10 These guidelines are designed to contain the hazards of a chemical incident and minimize the environmental and human impact. However, in certain cases, chemical incidents have resulted in a spread of contamination from the scene to other locations.11,12 This contamination arising from activities subsequent to the actual chemical incident is known as secondary contamination. A hospital emergency room may be contaminated by chemicals from a patient who has primary contamination with material from the scene of the incident. Secondary contamination can occur from a patient even after death and may pose a serious health risk to persons in contact with the body.

Recent incidents of secondary chemical contamination from human fatalities have revealed a need for a plan to manage chemically contaminated bodies effectively. Incidents involving chemically contaminated victims have resulted in confusion and adverse health effects in responders.13–15 The absence of guidance on the efficient management of chemically contaminated victims has increased the negative impact of these incidents. This paper aims to promote awareness of the potential impact of secondary contamination from chemically contaminated victims and offers preliminary guidance to those involved.
Beta-Blockers for Cocaine-Induced Coronary Vasoconstriction
Authors: Jason Shen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters15 December 1990Beta-Blockers for Cocaine-Induced Coronary VasoconstrictionJason Shen, MD, Antonella Quattromani, MDJason Shen, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Antonella Quattromani, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-993_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:We read with great interest the recent article by Lange and colleagues (1) but disagree with the conclusions. We wish to point out the existence of several large-scale, controlled clinical trials documenting the efficacy of intravenous beta blockade in reducing estimated infarct size, and both early and late mortality in acute myocardial infarction (2-4). Metoprolol and atenolol are the only beta-blocking agents approved for intravenous use in acute myocardial infarction in the United States. Both are considered beta-1-adrenergic or cardioselective blockers, as opposed to the group of nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers to which propranolol belongs. Lange and colleagues...References1. LangeCigarroaFlores RRE. Potentiation of cocaine-induced coronary vasoconstriction by beta-adrenergic blockade. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:897-903. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HjelmarsonElmfeldtHerlitz ADJ. Effect on mortality of metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. A double-blind randomized trial. Lancet. 1981;2:823-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. . Metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction (MIAMI). A randomised placebo-controlled international trial. Eur Heart J. 1985;6:199-226. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. . Randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16 027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-1. Lancet. 1986;2:57-66. MedlineGoogle Scholar1. LangeCigarroaYancy RRC. Cocaine-induced coronary artery vasoconstriction. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:1557-62. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. LangeCigarroaFlores RRE. Potentiation of cocaine-induced coronary vasoconstriction by beta-adrenergic blockade. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:897-903. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Jewish Hospital of St. Louis Washington University Medical Center St. Louis, MO 63110 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCardiovascular Complications of Cocaine Abuse 15 December 1990Volume 113, Issue 12Page: 993-993KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionClinical trialsMortalityVasoconstriction Issue Published: 15 December 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Calcium homeostasis in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Disruption by hypochlorous acid and restoration by dithiothreitol.
Authors: D W Eley, B Korecky, H Fliss, M Désilets
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a toxic oxidant produced by neutrophils at sites of cardiac inflammation. To examine the effect of this oxidant on Ca2+ homeostasis in the heart, isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes were iontophoretically loaded with the Ca2+ indicator fura 2 and superfused with 100 microM HOCl under voltage-clamp conditions. Ca2+ transients and the corresponding Ca2+ currents were elicited by 300-msec depolarizing pulses from -40 to 0 mV. Within 200 seconds after HOCl addition, the amplitude of the Ca2+ transients was reduced from 402 +/- 89 to 82 +/- 29 nM (p less than 0.01) while intracellular free ([Ca2+]i increased from 78 +/- 16 to 265 +/- 48 nM (p less than 0.01). During this time, the amplitude of the slow inward currents increased by 10%, while steady-state holding current remained stable. This sustained steady-state rise in [Ca2+]i occurred even in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ but was virtually abolished by a 20-second preexposure to 10 mM caffeine, suggesting that the major source of this Ca2+ was the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Although washout of HOCl failed to induce recovery, subsequent exposure to the dithiol reducing agent dithiothreitol caused a rapid restoration of both the steady-state [Ca2+]i and Ca2+ transient amplitude. We conclude that 1) HOCl caused a rise of [Ca2+]i by inducing the release of Ca2+ from internal stores and impairing cellular extrusion mechanisms and 2) these effects occur through alteration of protein thiol redox status.
The Carbonate Affair: Chalk One Up
Authors: Charles B. Clayman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Aluminum magnesium antacids have achieved widespread acceptance over the past 15 to 20 years. Before that, the Sippy regimen of milk and calcium magnesium antacids were the primary agents used in the treatment of acid-peptic disorders. Today, cimetidine has the spotlight. Comparing antacids with cimetidine in the treatment of peptic ulcer has not produced a clear-cut choice, but it has reawakened the present generation of physicians to the effectiveness of antacids.<sup>1,2</sup> The clinical choice of a therapeutic agent, as always, is one that is individualized and balances benefits with adverse effects. In comparing the side effects of these agents, we note the low level of toxicity with the short-term use of cimetidine. Agranulocytosis, diminished sperm counts, and other antiandrogenic effects, as well as confusional states in the elderly (some with renal impairment), have been reported infrequently. We cannot yet speak of the potential adverse effects of cimetidine over the
Childhood cancer survivors experience long term side effects
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Nearly four out of five people who have a diagnosis of cancer in childhood are surviving nowadays. But later in life they are likely to experience some side effects from the disease, its treatment, or both, according to a new report from the US Institute of Medicine.

Before 1970, people under 20 years of age who were given a diagnosis of cancer had little hope of being cured, says the report. But by 1997 an estimated 270 000 people in the United States with a history of childhood or adolescent cancer have now survived well beyond the traditional five …
CAN WE PREDICT SEVERE CAD WITH 2-DIMENSIONAL SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN WOMEN WITH NORMAL LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION
Authors: Ryan T. Hubbard, Hector Villarraga, Rajiv Gulati, Patricia Pellikka, Fletcher Miller, Leonel Estofan, Joyce Kukuzke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Ads: Vincent's bandage
Authors: P. Thomas, P. Bracken
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Frequency of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has varied from 4% to 35%. It is more common in men and produces generalised stiffness in involved joints. Clinician should be suspicious of AS when a patient reports with painful restricted movements of joint, neck or back and with no trauma history. Conventional radiographic methods have allowed the demonstration of TMJ abnormalities in patients with AS, but CT is necessary to establish joint space relations and bony morphology. We describe a case of severe AS with TMJ involvement in a 40-year-old female patient and demonstrated TMJ changes on CT. A CT was able to demonstrate articular cartilage changes, disc- and joint abnormalities. Thus, if conventional radiographs in a symptomatic patient with rheumatic diseases are unable to demonstrate changes, CT can provide valuable additional information of the changes in the TMJ.
A system of canals in semilunar menisci.
Authors: M D Bird, M B Sweet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Semilunar menisci of young calves, and infants and young children were examined with the scanning electron microscope and the light microscope. Canal-like structures were noted opening onto the surface of the menisci. After filling the joints with Indian ink, ink was noted within canal-like structures deep in the substance of the tissue. The canals may play a part in the transport of fluid within the meniscus, or may carry nutrients from the synovial fluid or the blood vessels to the avascular sections of the meniscus.
The Fine Tuning of Office-Based Continuing Medical Education
Authors: Marvin E. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This issue ofThe Journalcarries a highly important article with the disarmingly modest title "Determining Educational Needs in the Physician's Office" (p 1112). This article deals with a well-designed study that simultaneously addresses the following three highly important subjects: the ordering of medications, peer review, and continuing medical education (CME). Through an ingenious combination of peer review of copies of a physician's office prescriptions for medication, based on established criteria, the process has become the basis for an effective technique for individualizing CME. Such an innovative technique for linking CME to the demonstrated needs of the individual physician in the office setting is deserving of analysis from several standpoints. The selection of office prescriptions for medication as the subject for inquiry was clever. Nothing is more basic to the practice of medicine, more personalized by the individual physician, or potentially beneficial or harmful to the patient. The prescribing of
Sex and the university system
Authors: Andrew R. Marks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The recent uproar over comments about women in science made by Harvard University President Dr. Lawrence Summers has helped focus much needed attention on an issue of great importance. Whatever motivated Dr. Summers to make statements about the "different availability of aptitude at the high end" as a possible explanation for the lack of gender diversity in science and engineering, we should all thank him for putting the question of why there are not more women in science where it belongs - front and center.
Role of CD8 in Aberrant Function of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Authors: Benedikt Kessler, Denis Hudrisier, Jean-Charles Cerottini, Immanuel F. Luescher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Using H-2Kd-restricted photoprobe-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones, which permit assessment of T cell receptor (TCR)-ligand interactions by TCR photoaffinity labeling, we observed that the efficiency of antigen recognition by CTL was critically dependent on the half-life of TCR-ligand complexes. We show here that antigen recognition by CTL is essentially determined by the frequency of serial TCR engagement, except for very rapid dissociations, which resulted in aberrant TCR signaling and antagonism. Thus agonists that were efficiently recognized exhibited rapid TCR–ligand complex dissociation, and hence a high frequency of serial TCR engagement, whereas the opposite was true for weak agonists. Surprisingly, these differences were largely accounted for by the coreceptor CD8. While it was known that CD8 substantially decreases TCR–ligand complex dissociation, we observed in this study that this effect varied considerably among ligand variants, indicating that epitope modifications can alter the CD8 contribution to TCR-ligand binding, and hence the efficiency of antigen recognition by CTL.
Cerebrospinal fluid in virus meningitis.
Authors: B K Mandal
Journal: BMJ (1973)

tice of 5,400 patients 66 strains of Staph.aureus were isolated.Of these, 36% were sensitive to penicillin, 71% sensitive to tetra- cycline, and 94% sensitive to erythromycin.Gram-negative pathogens were rarely isolated from such lesions.A study of strains of Escherichia coli causing urinary infection' over a five-year period (total num- ber of isolates 225) showed that in 1968, 99% were sensitive to ampicillin and 90% to sulphonamide, whereas in 1972, 66% were sensitive to ampicillin and 44% to sulphonamide.It is likely that the emergence of these resistant organisms is associated with a standard antibiotic prescribing policy in the practice, since 1967, of penicillin for skin and upper respiratory tract infections and of sulphonamide or ampicillin for urinary infections.The acquisition of resistance by conmnon bacterial pathogens to frequently used antibioti9s seems to be alnost as great a problem in our general practice as in Dr. Whitehead's hospital population.-Weare, etc., B.
Excessive Drug Challenge
Authors: Robert M. Donaldson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1989Excessive Drug ChallengeRobert M. Donaldson Jr., MDRobert M. Donaldson Jr., MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-5-410_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Sanford and colleagues (1) provided incontrovertible evidence of an association between metronidazole and attacks of acute pancreatitis. The patient developed acute pancreatitis each of the four separate times that she received the drug. Although impressive, their findings are also distressing. How did it happen that three physicians each challenged the patient with metronidazole after her first attack of pancreatitis? Was no one aware of any of the patient's previous experiences? Some explanation is in order....Reference1. Sanford K, Mayle J, Dean H, and Greenbaum D. Metronidazole-associated pancreatitis. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:756-7. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert M. DonaldsonJr., MDAffiliations: Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT 06510 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1989Volume 110, Issue 5Page: 410-410KeywordsAcute pancreatitisDrugsPancreatitis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Primary Management of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Alan C. Aisenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

WITH the rapid evolution of ideas on the pathogenesis and primary treatment of Hodgkin's disease, it is difficult for the physician who sees only an occasional case to maintain a coherent view of management. This article attempts to provide this view: the concepts presented here form the basis of the management of Hodgkin's disease in the Lymphoma Clinic of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Two recent symposia contain the major portion of available knowledge about this disorder and should be consulted for details.1 , 2 Fundamental to all attempts at curative treatment of Hodgkin's disease is the assumption that in a significant fraction . . .
THE IMPACT OF INJURY IN WELSH PROFESSIONAL RUGBY
Authors: I Moore, P Mathema, C Ranson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background A detailed understanding of injury types and rates is needed to inform effective injury prevention and management. This is the first comprehensive injury surveillance report across the four Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) Region Professional Teams. Objective To identify priority injury problems and potential risk factors across the WRU Regions. Design A designated medical team member from each Region recorded; all time-loss injuries, training and match exposure during the 2012–2013 domestic season. Consensus injury surveillance (Fuller et al. , 2007) methods were used for data analysis. Setting Top tier Welsh professional rugby. Participants All players (173) from the four WRU Region clubs during the 2012–2013 season. Risk factor assessment The relationships between; injury rates, types and severity, and mechanism of injury, player age and activity (training or match) at time of injury. Main outcome measurement Training and match Injury incidence (per 1000 hours), injury prevalence (% of players unavailable) and average days-lost per injury were calculated for each variable. Results Overall injury incidence was 10/1000 hrs (2/1000 training hrs, 98/1000 match hrs), prevalence was 18% and days-lost per injury was 26. Acute strain/sprain and impact injuries had the highest injury incidence and prevalence (3–4/1000 hrs and 6–8%). Older players (&gt;24 years) had higher; injury incidence (6 vs. 4 for younger players), injury prevalence (11 vs. 8%) and more days lost per injury (27 vs. 24). The majority of match injuries occurred during tackles (63%). Strength training and running caused the greatest number of training injuries, with strength training injuries resulting in longer periods out (49 vs. 34 days lost per running injury). Conclusions Prevention strategies should target the high rate of match injuries.Older players may require bespoke injury risk management, and exposure to contact events (particularly tackles) needs to be recorded to ascertain the specific activity risk.
Relevance of apoptosis in influencing recovery of hibernating myocardium
Authors: Annalisa Angelini, Giuseppe Maiolino, Giovanni La Canna, Claudio Ceconi, Fiorella Calabrese, Elena Pettenazzo, Marialuisa Valente, Ottavio Alfieri, Gaetano Thiene, Roberto Ferrari
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Activity of Fludarabine Monophosphate in Patients With Advanced Mycosis Fungoides: A Southwest Oncology Group Study
Authors: D. D. Von Hoff, S. Dahlberg, R. J. Hartstock, H. J. Eyre
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Activity of Fludarabine Monophosphate in Patients With Advanced Mycosis Fungoides: A Southwest Oncology Group Study Get access Daniel D. Von Hoff, Daniel D. Von Hoff * The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTex * Correspondence to: Daniel D. Von Hoff, M.D., Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78284 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steve Dahlberg, Steve Dahlberg Southwest Oncology Group Statistical CenterSeattle, Wash Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert J. Hartstock, Robert J. Hartstock Allegheny General Hospital Community Clinical Oncology ProgramPittsburgh, Pa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harmon J. Eyre Harmon J. Eyre University of Utah, Salt Lake CityUtah Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 16, 15 August 1990, Pages 1353–1355, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.16.1353 Published: 15 August 1990 Article history Received: 27 October 1989 Revision received: 31 May 1990 Accepted: 07 June 1990 Published: 15 August 1990
Magnetic resonance imaging is uncomfortable for patients
Authors: K. J Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—I was interested to read Keith Duncan and colleagues' response to Helen Rosenthal's account of her severe distress while undergoing magnetic resonance imaging.1 2 I underwent magnetic resonance imaging three times last year as part of a drug study (in addition to having undergone it once for diagnostic reasons five years previously). While I had no anxiety about a possible malignancy …
P63 SMAD4-DEPENDENT REGULATION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA GROWTH AND PROGRESSION
Authors: P.Y. Hernanda, C. Kan, A.M. Das, K. Sideras, S.J.A. Bots, H.L.A. Janssen, L.L. Kodach, H.J. Metselaar, J. Kwekkeboom, D. Sprengers, M.J. Bruno, T.L.M. ten Hagen, M.P. Peppelenbosch, Q. Pan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)