tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Superoxide anion (O-2) production by peripheral blood monocytes in Hodgkin's disease and malignant lymphoma.
Authors: R Perez-Soler, G Lopez-Berestein, F Cabanillas, P McLaughlin, E M Hersh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Superoxide anion (O-2) is the first metabolite of the monocyte oxygen burst pathway, which plays an important role in the monocyte microbicidal function. The capacity of peripheral blood monocytes to produce O-2 was studied in 63 patients with Hodgkin's disease (31 with active disease and 32 in complete remission), 15 patients with active malignant lymphoma, and 57 normal control subjects. O-2 release was quantified by evaluating superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c after stimulation of monocytes with phorbol myristate acetate. Results were expressed in nanomols O-2 per mg protein per hour. O-2 production was lower than normal in patients with active Hodgkin's disease (163.3 v 214.5, P less than .05). It was normal in patients with Hodgkin's disease in complete remission (216.2 v 214.5, P greater than .05) and high in patients with malignant lymphomas (317.9 v 214.5, P less than .01). Within the group with active Hodgkin's disease, patients in relapse after therapy had a lower O-2 production than those previously untreated (99.8 v 181.8, P less than .01). Stage of disease was unrelated to the defect. The presence of B symptoms and a decreased delayed type hypersensitivity to recall skin test antigens were associated with normal O-2 production. The results obtained suggest that monocyte dysfunction is part of the immune dysregulation associated with active Hodgkin's disease. The O-2 determination is a relatively easy test to perform and may be useful in identifying the patients with Hodgkin's disease who have an increased risk of opportunistic infections.
Diethylstilbestrol Binding to Estrogen Receptor in Mammary Tissue and Uteri of C3H/HeJ Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Allan B. Okey, Gregory P. Bondy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) binding to components in mammary cytosol from C3H/HeJ mice was assessed directly (with [3H]DES) and indirectly [by competition between DES and [3H]17β-estradiol (E2)]. On sucrose density gradients, the qualitative properties of cytosol estrogen receptor appeared the same with the use of [3H]DES as the ligand as when the receptor was labeled with [3H]E2. Binding of either [3H]DES or [3H]E2 was extinguished by incubation in the presence of a 100-fold excess of unlabeled DES or E2. [3H]DES also sedimented with a component in the 4–5S region; this component bound much larger quantities of [3H]DES than [3H]E2 and was not eliminated by incubation with 100-fold excess of unlabeled estrogen. Both [3H]E2-labeled and [3H]DES-labeled receptors dissociated to a 4–5S form when centrifuged on gradients containing 0.4 m KCI. DES also induced receptor transformation and nuclear uptake as evidenced by recovery of a 5S-region receptor from mammary nuclei of mice given injections in vivo with [3H]DES. Dextran-coated charcoal assays-Scatchard plot analyses with [3H]DES indicated a DES-receptor interaction with a dissociation constant of 2.6×10−10m compared with 6.3×10−11m for [3H]E2. By competition studies the apparent affinity of receptor for DES was essentially the same as that for E2. The apparent concentration of high-affinity binding sites in mammary cytosol was higher for [3H]DES than for [3H]E2; this probably was due to [3H]DES binding to nonreceptor proteins, possibly serum albumin. Overall, intracellular (receptor) binding of DES did not appear to be fundamentally different from binding of natural estrogens.
Breast Liver Metastases – Incidence, Diagnosis and Outcome
Authors: A L Hoe, G T Royle, I Taylor
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

Breast liver metastases are uncommon and have not been well reported. We studied the clinical outcome of 47 patients who developed liver metastases out of 912 breast cancer patients treated between 1982 and 1987, an incidence of 5.2%. The median disease free interval prior to clinical liver metastases was 20.2 months (range 4–192 months). The most frequent clinical presentations were hepatomegaly (70%) and abdominal pain (34%). The diagnosis was confirmed on ultrasound scan in 72.7% patients. Thirty-one patients (70.5%) received specific treatment with both hormone and chemotherapy but only six showed any evidence of objective response, the majority of whom had metastases only in the liver. The median survival of treated patients was 4 months and absence of jaundice, response to treatment and liver metastases only were associated with significantly better survival. In conclusion breast liver metastases usually present as a manifestation of disseminated disease and have an appalling prognosis. When they occur as an initial site the prognosis is better but very few patients overall respond to conventional treatment.
Pulmonary rehabilitation in mild chronic obstructivepulmonary disease
Authors: Cristina Jácome, Alda Marques
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) is a core component of the management of patients with moderate-to-very-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, impairments in quadriceps muscle strength and health-related quality of life (HRQL) are already present in patients with mild COPD. Thus, there is a need to investigate if PR could also be beneficial to these patients. This study assessed the impact of PR on different health domains in patients with mild COPD.  Twenty participants (66.1±10.8yrs; forced expiratory volume in one second 88.9±11.3% predicted) enrolled in a primary care PR program, with exercise training and psychoeducation (12 weeks). Dyspnea was assessed with the Modified British Medical Research Council questionnaire; functional balance with the Timed Up and Go test; muscle strength with the 10 repetition maximum testing; exercise tolerance with the 6-minute walking test and HRQL with the St. George9s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).  Significant effects were observed on participants9 dyspnea (median 1 vs. 0.5; p=0.003), functional balance (7.7±1.4s vs. 6.6±1.1s; p=0.001), knee extensors strength (4.3±2.1kg vs. 6.7±1.7kg; p  Patients with mild COPD benefit from PR and may gain from being routinely included in these programs. Studies with more robust designs and with long-term follow-ups are needed to inform guidelines for PR in mild COPD.
Pericardial diverticulum with unusual symptomatology
Authors: TW Waterbolk, CA Henkens, DG Remmert, EJ van der Jagt, PE Postmus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

A healthy 37 yr old female presented with recurrent right-sided chest pain which spontaneously disappeared. On a chest roentgenogram a lesion in the right cardiophrenic angle was found. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a cystic structure. During thoracotomy a pericardial diverticulum was found. The pain was probably caused by intermittent volvulus of the diverticulum.
Gender differences in comorbidity burden in recently diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Maria Xanthoudaki, Evangelia Nena, Maria Antoniadou, Panagiotis Boglou, Stylianos Steiropoulos, Paschalis Ntolios, Maria Manidou, Kostas Archontogeorgis, Georgios Kolios, Demosthenes Bouros, Paschalis Steiropoulos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with several comorbidities. Aim of the study was to examine gender differences in comorbidities in a large line of OSA patients.   Methods:  The characteristics of 689 consecutive individuals (511 males and 178 females) evaluated with polysomnography, due to suspected OSA, were analyzed. Patients were divided according to OSA severity into 3 groups and comparisons were made between male and female patients.   Results:  Mild OSA was diagnosed in 142, moderate in 105 and severe OSA in 303 patients. In 139 individuals, AHI was   Among OSA patients, females were older (56.2±10.9 vs. 52.8±13.3 years, p=0.001) with higher BMI (36±8.7 vs. 32.9±5.9 Kg/m 2 , p  Females with OSA had a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism (21.4% vs. 2.9%, chi-squared 48.145, p   Conclusion:  Women recently diagnosed with OSA, are older and more obese, with higher burden of comorbidities than men. Hypothyroidism, depression, arterial hypertension and heart failure are more prevalent in women with OSA than men.
Heart-Kidney Interactions in Ischemic Syndromes
Authors: Felicita Andreotti, Filippo Crea, Elena Conti
Journal: Circulation (2004)

To the Editor:In a recent GUSTO-IV substudy of 6809 patients with non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes, raised serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and creatinine clearance below the 25th percentile (51 mL/min) independently predicted 1-year mortality. 1 The combination of creatinine clearance with BNP was the strongest predictor of death, compared with each marker alone, or to the combination of BNP with troponin T, C-reactive protein, or heart rate.Strikingly, creatinine clearance Ͻ51 mL/min, but not raised BNP, also predicted myocardial infarction (MI) at 30 days.Unexpectedly, however, the authors did not discuss the association of renal impairment with incident death and MI.We propose that renal dysfunction may increase the risk of death and MI in these patients, at least in part, through an associated reduction of erythropoietin secretion 2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). 3 Erythropoietin is a recognized stimulus for the mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells, which are considered mediators of vascular repair by homing to sites of endothelial injury or apoptosis, and are related to endothelial function. 4 IGF-1 is emerging as a powerful cardioprotective agent, as an insulin-sensitizing vasodilator, and as a ubiquitous antiapoptotic factor. 5 The reduction of IGF-1 (by promoting endothelial dysfunction and cellular apoptosis) and the lowering of erythropoietin (by hindering endothelial progenitor cellmediated vascular repair) may thus contribute significantly to the unfavorable course of patients with ischemic syndromes and renal impairment.
Age and serum lactate dehydrogenase level are independent prognostic factors in human immunodeficiency virus-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a single-institute study of 96 patients.
Authors: E Vaccher, U Tirelli, M Spina, R Talamini, D Errante, C Simonelli, A Carbone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE The role of classical pragnostic factors (ie, age, performance status [PS], stage, extranodal involvement, and serum lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] level) included in the International Index for diffuse large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the general population is presently unknown in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To assess the prognostic value of these factors in HIV-related NHL, we reviewed the cohort of patients with HIV-related NHL diagnosed and treated with combination chemotherapy (CT) at our institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-six patients with systemic HIV-related NHL diagnosed and treated with combination CT regimens between September 1987 and December 1993 at the Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy, were studied. All clinical and laboratory data were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses, using overall survival as the end point. RESULTS Complete remission (CR) occurred in 48% of patients; the overall median survival and disease-free survival times were 7 and 13 months, respectively. Among the classical and HIV-related prognostic factors, the following had a statistically significant influence on survival: PS &gt; or = 2, elevated LDH level, age greater than 40 years, a CD4 cell count less than 100/microL, active opportunistic infections at diagnosis of NHL, and B symptoms. Multivariate analyses showed that only age, serum LDH level, and CD4 cell count were independent predictors of shortened survival. The increased hazard for patients greater than 40 years of age was 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 2.3), for patients with increased LDH it was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.01 to 3.1), and for patients with a CD4 cell count less than 100/microL it was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.01 to 2.9). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that in addition to HIV-related prognostic factors, ie, CD4 cell count less than 100/microL, classical prognostic factors such as age and serum LDH level are independent prognostic factors and should be included in the design of future clinical trials of HIV-related NHL.
The human antimicrobial and chemotactic peptides LL-37 and α-defensins are expressed by specific lymphocyte and monocyte populations
Authors: Birgitta Agerberth, Jehad Charo, Joachim Werr, Berit Olsson, Farah Idali, Lennart Lindbom, Rolf Kiessling, Hans Jörnvall, Hans Wigzell, Gudmundur H. Gudmundsson
Journal: Blood (2000)
Effects of differences in exposure conditions on pulmonary functions
Authors: Tsuyoshi Nishinakagawa, Hideaki Senjyu, Masaharu Asai, Takako Tanaka
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction  Air pollution due to industrial waste and tobacco smoke has a serious detrimental influence on pulmonary functions. However, few reports have been published regarding the effects of differences in exposure conditions on the pulmonary functions.  Aims and objectives  The objective of this study was to examine how the differences in exposure conditions affect the pulmonary functions.  Methods  The subjects consisted of 869 people presented with functional decline as a result of working or living in an area with air pollution, and 434 people participated in an epidemiological investigation in an area without air pollution. Reviews of pulmonary function tests were conducted by employing the medical examination data. Pulmonary functions were compared in smokers versus non-smokers in the area with pollution (smokers with pollution vs. non-smokers with pollution) and were also compared to smokers in the non-polluted area (smokers without) and non-smokers in the non-polluted area (non-smokers without).  Results  In terms of the %VC, the values were 90.9%, 95.9%, 98.2%, and 97.4% in the smokers with pollution, non-smokers with pollution, smokers without and non-smokers without, respectively. For the FEV 1 %, the value for smokers with pollution was 65.2%, non-smokers with pollution was 70.1%, smokers without was 70.8%, and non-smokers without was 79.2%. The smokers with pollution had a lower FEV 1 % than the other groups (p  Conclusions  Air pollution and tobacco smoke exposure are associated with reduced VC and FEV 1 . In particular, exposure to both factors had a stronger effect on the FEV 1  than did exposure to one factor. Therefore, active smoking cessation instruction is necessary for subject in the polluted area.
Transbronchial needle aspiration: A tool for a community bronchoscopist
Authors: Elif Kupeli, Ruhsel Corut, Leyla Memis, Fusun Oner Eyuboglu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (C-TBNA) has been proven to be a safe, minimally invasive, and cost-effective technique in establishing the diagnosis of mediastinal pathologies. We studied the success of C-TBNA in our community practice, in patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathies. The technique of C-TBNA was learned solely from the literature, videos, and by practicing on inanimate models during “hands-on” courses. Conventional TBNA, with 21- and/or 19-gauge Smooth Shot Needles, was performed on consecutive patients with undiagnosed mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Fifty-four patients (38 men), mean age 56.9±11.8 years, underwent C-TBNA. Thirty-three patients had nodes >20mm. The final diagnoses were malignancy,29; sarcoidosis, 9; reactive lymph nodes, 15; and tuberculosis, 1. The final diagnosis was established by C-TBNA in 27. The exclusive diagnostic yield of TBNA was 42.5% (n: 23). Nodal size had an impact on outcome (P=0.002), whereas location did not (P=0.82). C-TBNA was positive in 22/34 when malignancy was suspected (yield 64.7%) and positive in 5/20 when benign diagnoses were also included in the differential (yield 25%) (P=0.005). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value, negative predicted value, and diagnostic accuracy were 79.4%, 100%, 100%, 73% and 81.5%, respectively. C-TBNA can be successfully learned without formal training and can be easily applied in the community practice.
Thousands of patients in England to get new hepatitis C drugs
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

NHS England has announced that 3500 patients with liver cirrhosis from chronic infection with hepatitis C will have access to new drugs every year after new annual investment of £190m (€260m; $290m) to manage the disease.1

Currently only about 3% of patients with hepatitis C in the United Kingdom achieve a cure from hepatitis C infection because of low treatment rates and the low effectiveness of the previously available drugs.

But the crop of new drugs has brought in a new optimism in curing the disease. …
Monoclonal Antibody Against Human Ovarian Tumor-Associated Antigens
Authors: L G Poels, D Peters, Y van Megen, G P Vooijs, R N Verheyen, A Willemen, C C van Niekerk, P H Jap, G Mungyer, P Kenemans
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Mouse monoclonal antibodies (OV-TL 3) were raised against human ovarian tumor-associated antigens for diagnostic purposes. A cloned hybridoma cell line was obtained by fusion of murine myeloma cells with spleen lymphocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with a tumor cell suspension prepared from an ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. The antibodies were initially screened for their ability to bind on frozen sections of human ovarian carcinoma tissue and a negative reaction on gastric carcinoma tissue by indirect immunofluorescence. The reactivity of the selected OV-TL 3 clone (IgG1 subclass) was studied on normal and neoplastic tissues as well as on a cell line derived from the original tumor cell suspension used for immunization. OV-TL 3 antibodies stained frozen sections of human ovarian carcinomas of the following histological types: serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell. No reaction was found with breast cancers or other nongynecological tumors. No differences in staining pattern were observed between primary and metastatic ovarian carcinomas. OV-TL 3 antibodies brightly stained ovarian carcinoma cell clusters in ascitic fluids and left unstained mesothelial cells and peripheral blood cells. The OV-TL 3-defined antigen also remained strongly expressed on a cell line derived from the endometrioid ovarian carcinoma originally used for generation of OV-TL 3 clone. Reactivity was weak and irregular in a few ovarian cysts, while traces of fluorescence were sometimes detected in epithelial cells lining the female genital tract. In only 3 specimens of 15 endometrium carcinomas was weak focal reactivity with OV-TL 3 antibodies observed. The results of the immunofluorescence study were confirmed by the more sensitive avidin-biotin method and by 125I-labeled OV-TL 3 antibodies. Thus OV-TL 3 recognizes a common antigen for most ovarian carcinomas and may be a useful tool for rapid diagnosis of ovarian carcinomas.
Individual and combined effects of verapamil or trandolapril on attenuating hypertensive glomerulopathic changes in the stroke-prone rat.
Authors: K Münter, S Hergenröder, K Jochims, M Kirchengast
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

Previous studies have demonstrated differences in the progression to glomerulosclerosis with the use of calcium channel blockers (CCB). The results with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are more consistent. Moreover, only two studies have examined the combined effects of these drug classes on the development of glomerulosclerosis. The aim of the study presented here was to test the hypothesis that nonhypotensive doses of the combination (VT) of a nondihydropyridine CCB, verapamil (V), and an ACE-inhibitor, trandolapril (T), will slow the development of glomerulosclerosis better than either agent alone in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). SHRSP were randomized to treatment in one of three groups with nonhypotensive doses of these agents; a fourth group served as control (C). The control rats developed significant increases in proteinuria compared with the other groups (C, 190 +/- 35 mg.kg-1.d-1 versus VT, 19 +/- 12 mg.kg-1.d-1; P < 0.05). This finding correlated with the degree of glomerulosclerosis (mean severity grading for C, 3.31 +/- 0.21 versus VT, 1.6 +/- 0.51; P < 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant reduction in arterial pressure between these groups (C, 282 +/- 5 versus VT, 259 +/- 13 mm Hg; P = 0.12). Despite persisting hypertension, the rise in proteinuria was also attenuated in both the V group (57 +/- 21 mg.kg-1.d-1) and the T group (43 +/- 24 mg.kg-1.d-1). However, compared with the control rats, kidney morphology was unchanged. Lastly, creatinine clearance was better preserved in the VT group compared with the control group (C, 0.57 +/- 0.01 versus VT, 0.74 +/- 0.06 mL.min-1.100 g-1; P < 0.05). It was concluded that the combination of nonhypotensive doses of VT attenuates the rise in proteinuria and progression to glomerulosclerosis. This study supports the concept that VT may have effects on the glomerulus that are independent of blood pressure reduction.
Re-analysis of epidemiologically linked tuberculosis cases not supported by IS6110-RFLP-based genotyping
Authors: A. Martín, J. Iñigo, F. Chaves, M. Herranz, M.J. Ruiz-Serrano, E. Palenque, E. Bouza, D. García de Viedma
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Menopause and Breast Cancer Risk&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Brian MacMahon, Philip Cole
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Age at menopause and type of menopause from hospital records of breast cancer patients were compared with similar information reported by a national probability sample of women. The cancer series consisted of 3,887 patients selected from those reported to the Connecticut Cancer Registry between 1950 and 1959. The national sample comprised 3,581 women responding to the National Health Examination Survey of 1960–1962. The validity of the comparison and the effect of the relatively large number of breast cancer patients whose menopause histories were deficient were evaluated; no substantial bias was identified. Overall, surgically induced menopause was associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk to about 60% of that experienced by women having natural menopause at ages 45–54. The decrease was greatest for those with menopause induced before age 35, but induction up to age 50 was protective. Little effect occurred in the decade following the surgical procedure, but substantial reduction occurred in all subsequent periods. Among women with menopause induced before age 35, breast cancer risk remained as low as one-third that expected 30 and more years later. Relative risk of breast cancer increased with age at natural menopause. Women with natural menopause at age 55 or older had twice the breast cancer risk experienced by those whose menopause occurred before age 45. The relative risk of breast cancer associated with late natural menopause was greatest after age 70. These findings illustrate the long period which may elapse between etiologic events and the appearance of human cancer, and they imply that the ovarian etiology of human breast cancer is not restricted to cancers appearing during the years of active ovarian function.