tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Occult Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow of Patients With Locoregionally Restricted Ovarian Cancer Predict Early Distant Metastatic Relapse
Authors: Stephan Braun, Christian Schindlbeck, Florian Hepp, Wolfgang Janni, Christina Kentenich, Gert Riethmüller, Klaus Pantel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: Based on conventional tumor staging, primary ovarian cancer is viewed as an intraperitoneal disease that rarely spreads to extraperitoneal organs. However, autopsy studies reveal a much higher rate of occult metastasis, indicating that extraperitoneal spread occurs with much greater frequency than previously appreciated. Consequently, we investigated the incidence of early hematogenous dissemination and its association with distant disease-free and overall survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Bone marrow aspirates from 108 patients newly diagnosed with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I to III ovarian cancer were prospectively analyzed with the novel anti-cytokeratin (CK) antibody A45-B/B3. We investigated the frequency of CK-positive tumor cells in bone marrow and their effect on prognosis in relation to established risk factors for tumor progression. RESULTS: Tumor cells in bone marrow were detected in 32 (30%) of 108 patients. A CK-positive finding was unrelated to established risk parameters, except for poor nuclear grading of the primary tumor. At a median follow-up of 45 months (range, 12 to 77 months), the presence of occult metastatic cells in bone marrow was associated with the occurrence of clinically overt, extraperitoneal (predominantly extraskeletal) distant metastasis (relative risk [RR], 16.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.2 to 56.9; P &lt; .0001) and death from cancer-related causes (RR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.3; P = .01). Multivariate analysis identified a positive bone marrow finding as an independent prognostic factor of reduced distant disease-free survival for all patients (RR, 13.8; 95% CI, 5.4 to 52.9; P &lt; .0001) and for the 64 stage R 0-1 patients (RR, 7.3; 95% CI, 1.5 to 56.8; P = .0021). CONCLUSION: Our data signal that hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells occurs early and throughout all stages of ovarian cancer. The clinical significance of our findings is supported by the unfavorable prognosis in association with the presence of occult metastatic cells, especially in those patients who received an effective locoregional therapy.
Randomized Trial of Filgrastim, Sargramostim, or Sequential Sargramostim and Filgrastim After Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy for the Harvesting of Peripheral-Blood Stem Cells
Authors: Charles H. Weaver, Kevin A. Schulman, Barbara Wilson-Relyea, Robert Birch, William West, C. Dean Buckner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of filgrastim, sargramostim, or sequential sargramostim and filgrastim on CD34 + cell yields and morbidity after myelosuppressive mobilization chemotherapy (MC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty-six patients were randomized to receive filgrastim (n = 51), sargramostim (n = 52), or sargramostim for 5 days followed by filgrastim (n = 53) after MC with either cyclophosphamide and etoposide (n = 75) or paclitaxel and cyclophosphamide (n = 81). RESULTS: Compared with those who received sargramostim, patients who received filgrastim had faster recovery of an absolute neutrophil count of 0.5 × 10 9 /L or greater (a median of 11 v 14 days; P = .0001), with fewer patients requiring RBC transfusions (P = .008), fewer patients with fever (18% v 52%; P = 0.001), fewer hospital admissions (20% v 42%; P = .013), and less intravenous antibiotic therapy (24% v 69%; P = .001). Patients who received filgrastim yielded more CD34 + cells (median, 7.1 v 2.0 × 10 6 /kg/apheresis; P = .0001), and a higher fraction achieved 2.5 × 10 6 (94% v 78%; P = .021) and 5 × 10 6 (88% v 53%; P = .001) or more CD34 + cells/kg with fewer aphereses (median, 2 v 3; P = .002) and fewer days of growth-factor treatment (median, 12 v 14; P = .0001). There were no major differences in outcomes between the filgrastim alone and the sequential regimens. After high-dose chemotherapy, patients who had peripheral-blood stem cells (PBSCs) mobilized with filgrastim or the sequential regimen received higher numbers of CD34 + cells and had faster platelet recovery (P = .015), with fewer patients (P = .014) receiving fewer platelet transfusions (P = .001) than patients receiving sargramostim-mobilized PBSCs. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that filgrastim alone or sequential sargramostim and filgrastim were superior to sargramostim alone for the mobilization of CD34 + cells and reduction of toxicities after MC.
Percutaneous Cholangiography in Prolonged Jaundice of Childhood
Authors: Edward R Howard, Heather B Nunnerley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1979)

Fine-needle percutaneous cholangiography has been carried out on a selected group of 22 infants and children who were jaundiced from a variety of causes. The technique has aided both the diagnosis and surgical management of the patients and has been free from complications.
Circulating C-reactive protein level is negatively correlated with lung volume
Authors: Shigeo Kawase, Shintaro Miyamoto, Hiroshi Ohnishi, Tetsuya Kubota, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Yoshinori Haruta, Noboru Hattori, Kiminori Yamane, Nobuoki Kohno, Akihito Yokoyama
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: We previously reported that low lung volume is associated with an increased risk for prediabetes in healthy Japanese men. Systemic inflammation is a risk factor for diabetes, and is postulated to be associated with pulmonary dysfunction. However, its scientific information is limited.  Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between pulmonary function and systemic inflammation.  Methods: This study included 1803 middle aged (40-60 years old) apparently healthy Japanese who had received regular health checkups. All subjects underwent chest radiogram, spirometry, and blood sampling. Subjects with abnormal pulmonary function (i.e. FEV1/FVCl70% or %predicted VCl80%) were excluded. To avoid the influences of smoking, current or former smokers were excluded. We reviewed their clinical data, and evaluated associations between pulmonary function and the other parameters.  Results: The serum high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) level positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference (AC), triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, and HbA1c (pl0.01 for each). The serum hsCRP level did not correlate with FEV1/FVC (p=0.23), whereas it significantly negatively correlated with %predicted VC (pl0.01). In addition, a better association between hsCRP and %predicted VC was observed in male (r=-0.18, pl0.01) than in female (r=-0.09, p=0.055). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that %predicted VC, BMI, and AC were the independent determinants for hsCRP.  Conclusions: Low lung volume is associated with serum CRP level. Although systemic inflammation could be induced by various factors, it might have a close relationship with subclinical pulmonary dysfunction.
Adhesion molecule antagonists: future therapies for allergic diseases?
Authors: M Wein, BS Bochner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

In Ire piS!: 20 yrs.substantial progress has been made in Ire identification of cells and mediators involved in allergic inflammation.As a result, an increased emphasis has been placed on the role of inflammation in allergic disease.Extensive efforts have focused on the study of allergic .infJammalion,ofleo employing experimental allergen challenge to elicit tare phase responses.Despite years of inrensive investigation, the exact mechanisms responsible for this inflammatory response remain a puzzle.One of the fascinating characteristics of both lale phase reactions and chronic allergic diseases, including rhinitis and asthma.is the preferential accwnulation of eosinophils and the 'I1Iz subpopulation of Tlymphocytes at mucosal sites.Many laboratories, including our own.have attempted to understand the mechanisms of selective leucocyte recruiunent in allergic disease, with the belief that this may lead to novel treatments that prevent the accumulation of these cells within the airways.Within the past 10 yrs, scientists have witnessed an explosive growth in the knowledge of cell adhesion molecules, an ever increasing class of molecules grouped into several distinct families (e.g.integrins, selectins, and members of the immunoglobulin supergene family) based on functional and structural similarities.These molecules are critical in mediating essentially every step in cell recruitment, including endothelial adhesion, diapedesis (transenclolb!lial migration) and cremotaxis.In a recent issue of Ire Journal, MC>NJTroR'r et al.(1] provided an excellent review of this rapidly advancing field and included a discussion of the role of adhesion molecules in airway disease.These authors are amongst the leaders in the study of the expression of adhesion molecules in vivo at sites of human allergic inflammation.Th.e challenge for these and other investigators in the field is to elucidate the pattern of regulated expression, function, and co-<>rdinated interactions of these molecules.It appears, based on the existence of numerous adhesion molecules with varied specifi.citiesand regulatory patterns, that the answer will be quite complex.Nevertheless, numerous phannaceutical companies have alrea:fy begun to focus on adhesion molecules as relevant targets in trying to design novel anti-inflammatory agents that might be useful in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases including asthma Oearly, if and when such specific reagents becorre available, they will be extremely important tools in dissecting.and ultimately defining, the true importance of each adhesion molecule during the inflammatory response.The purpose of this brief review is to discuss the rationale for attempting to block adhesion molecules as a possible therapeutic strategy,
Cost‐effectiveness of active‐passive prophylaxis and antiviral prophylaxis during pregnancy to prevent perinatal hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Lin Fan, Kwame Owusu‐Edusei, Sarah F. Schillie, Trudy V. Murphy
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

In an era of antiviral treatment, reexamination of the cost-effectiveness of strategies to prevent perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in the United States is needed. We used a decision tree and Markov model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the current U.S. strategy and two alternatives: (1) Universal hepatitis B vaccination (HepB) strategy: No pregnant women are screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). All infants receive HepB before hospital discharge; no infants receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG). (2) Current strategy: All pregnant women are screened for HBsAg. Infants of HBsAg-positive women receive HepB and HBIG ≤12 hours of birth. All other infants receive HepB before hospital discharge. (3) Antiviral prophylaxis strategy: All pregnant women are screened for HBsAg. HBsAg-positive women have HBV-DNA load measured. Antiviral prophylaxis is offered for 4 months starting in the third trimester to women with DNA load ≥10(6) copies/mL. HepB and HBIG are administered at birth to infants of HBsAg-positive women, and HepB is administered before hospital discharge to infants of HBsAg-negative women. Effects were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER). Compared to the universal HepB strategy, the current strategy prevented 1,006 chronic HBV infections and saved 13,600 QALYs (ICER: $6,957/QALY saved). Antiviral prophylaxis dominated the current strategy, preventing an additional 489 chronic infections, and saving 800 QALYs and $2.8 million. The results remained robust over a wide range of assumptions.The current U.S. strategy for preventing perinatal HBV remains cost-effective compared to the universal HepB strategy. An antiviral prophylaxis strategy was cost saving compared to the current strategy and should be considered to continue to decrease the burden of perinatal hepatitis B in the United States.
Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Achieves Long-Term Survival in a Selected CNS Lymphoma Population
Authors: Anjum Bashir Khan, Alesia Abigael Hunt, Victoria T Potter, Shireen Kassam, Deborah Yallop, Piers E.M. Patten, Stephen Devereux, Ghulam Mufti, Antonio Pagliuca, Robert E. Marcus
Journal: Blood (2014)
Accuracy of diagnosis of pneumonia in an UK hospital participating in the advancing quality initiative
Authors: David Tarpey, Alexander Youzgin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction:Advancing Quality (AQ) is aimed at improving outcomes of patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and our hospital has taken part in this initiative. One of the pivotal elements for robustness of AQ is correctness of the initial diagnosis of CAP as the data is largely dependent on clinical coding.  Methods:We performed a retrospective audit of 40 patients admitted during September 2012 who were coded with CAP.  Results:The mean age was 73 (31-93), 21/40 were male. On review of the clinical notes CAP as a primary diagnosis on admission to hospital was mentioned in 36 but 21 (53 %) of them had a CXR reported as consolidation by a radiologist. 8 of these 21 (38%) had CURB-65 score either calculated incorrectly or not documented at all. In 10/21 (48 %), no follow-up CXR was booked on discharge, all of these were under care of non-respiratory physicians while in hospital. Interestingly, 11/40 patients had a non-respiratory primary diagnosis on discharge.  10/21 patients with consolidation present on CXR had focal signs on examination compared with 2/19 without consolidation (X2 = 6.5354; p = 0.01). 6/21 (31%) with consolidation had an abnormal WCC compared with 2/19 (9%) without consolidation.  Conclusion:A large proportion of patients did not have consolidation on CXR (47%) yet received a diagnosis of CAP and were inappropriately enrolled in AQ initiative which could have implication on our Trust in terms of AQ outcomes. It was also worrying that a proportion of patients had no appropriate follow up arrangements and there is need to improve CURB-65 scoring. We feel it is important to establish an educational program at our hospital to address this.
Stationary biofilm growth normalizes mutation frequencies and mutant prevention concentrations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: M. García‐Castillo, R. del Campo, F. Baquero, M.‐I. Morosini, M.‐C. Turrientes, J. Zamora, R. Cantón
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Elevated antilysosomal-associated membrane protein-2 antibody levels in patients with adult Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Authors: T. Kawakami, S. Takeuchi, Y. Arimura, Y. Soma
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is characterized by IgA-containing immune complexes within leucocytoclastic vasculitis. Lysosomal-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2) was first identified as part of a systematic search for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) antigens expressed on neutrophils and endothelial cells.To investigate the presence of ANCA in patients with adult HSP and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and to measure serum LAMP-2 antibody levels in these patients.Twenty-four adult patients with HSP, eight with MPA and 24 normal healthy controls were examined. ANCA detection was performed using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a capture ELISA specific for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3). We measured other ANCA-associated antibodies including anti-LAMP-2 antibody in serum using ELISA. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used for anti-LAMP-2 antibody expression in patient skin biopsies. To determine the cut-off value of the serum anti-LAMP-2 antibody, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed using statistical analysis software (JMP 8·0·2; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, U.S.A.).The sera of all patients with HSP were negative for MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA by direct ELISA and by capture ELISA. However, ANCA was present in 17 (71%) of the 24 patients with HSP based on IIF. In contrast, we found MPO-ANCA in all eight patients with MPA using both ELISA methods. We found serum anti-LAMP-2 antibody levels in HSP significantly higher than in MPA and in healthy individuals (P = 0·002 and P = 0·00167, respectively). The area under the curve of serum anti-LAMP-2 antibody between HSP and MPA was 0·8698 by ROC analysis. The optimal cut-off point was 0·267 U mL(-1) (sensitivity 1·000, specificity 0·583). We found a significant positive correlation between serum anti-LAMP-2 antibody levels and serum IgA levels in HSP (r(s) = 0·731, P = 0·00226). Anti-LAMP-2 antibody overexpression in IHC staining was present in 20 (83%) of the patients with HSP. The overexpression was observed within the neutrophils and endothelial cells of leucocytoclastic vasculitis. There was a significant positive correlation between IHC staining score and positive serum anti-LAMP-2 antibody. The 24 patients with HSP and the eight patients with MPA were negative for antiazurocidin antibodies, antibactericidal permeability increasing protein antibodies, anticathepsin G antibodies, antielastase antibodies, antilactoferrin antibodies and antilysozyme antibodies.We suggest that anti-LAMP-2 antibody could play some role in the pathogenesis of adult HSP, and have excluded a role for MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA. We propose that measuring serum anti-LAMP-2 antibody could be a feasible method of differential diagnosis between HSP and MPA.
The correlation between lung sound distribution and pulmonary function in COPD patients is influenced by emphysematous lesions
Authors: Masamichi Mineshita, Hirotaka Kida, Hiroshi Handa, Hiroki Nishine, Naoki Furuya, Seiichi Nobuyama, Takeo Inoue, Shin Matsuoka, Teruomi Miyazawa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Rationale: Regional lung sound intensity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is influenced by severity and the distribution of emphysema, obstructed peripheral airways, altered ribcage and diaphragm configurations, and movement due to hyperinflation. Changes in the lung sound distribution accompanied by pulmonary function improvements in COPD patients were observed after bronchodilator inhalation. We investigated the association of lung sound distribution with pulmonary functions and the effects of emphysematous lesions on this association. These studies were designed to acquire a basic knowledge for the application of lung sound analysis in the physiological evaluation of COPD patients.

Methods: Pulmonary function tests and the percentage of upper and lower lung sound intensity (quantitative lung data [QLD]) were evaluated in 47 stable male COPD patients (54 - 82 years). In 39 patients, multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) taken within 6 months was available and used for analysis.

Measurements and Main Results: The ratio of lower QLD to upper QLD showed significant positive correlations with FEV1/predicted (%FEV1; r = 0.45, p   40%, n = 20) and were stronger in less emphysematous patients (n = 19, %FEV1; r = 0.64, p < 0.005, %MEFR50; r = 0.71, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: In COPD patients, the ratio of lower to upper lung sound intensities decreased according to the severity of obstructive changes, although emphysematous lesions considerably affected lung sound distribution.
INFREQUENCY OF INTESTINAL PARASITES IN YOUNG CHILDREN
Authors: Stafford McLEAN
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The First 100 Eyes of Standardized Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty versus Standardized Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Ebru C. Hamzaoglu, Michael D. Straiko, Zachary M. Mayko, Christopher S. Sáles, Mark A. Terry
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
Familial Disseminated Sclerosis
Authors: F GHEZZO, G BARETTA
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MEDC.tJIn an attempt to reduce the possibility of undesired sequelae and to simplify the operation E. Turner' has described three techniques for dividing fibre tracts leading through the isthmus of the temporal lobe or between the uncus and hippocampus or in the inferior frontal region.The brain is cut by the rotating blade of a modified leucotome, which is introduced through a simple burr-hole.The intention is to isolate the area of cortex associated with the attack, thereby preventing the passage of impulses which would otherwise have built up into a seizure.The results of treatment of thirty-eight
Adhesion Prevention after Laminectomy Using Silk‐Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogels
Authors: Yansong Wang, Min Liang, Zhaozhu Zheng, Liangchen Shi, Bo Su, Jian Liu, David L. Kaplan, Bin Zhang, Xiaoqin Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Laminectomy is a common operation in spine surgery to reduce spinal cord and nerve pressure. However, scar tissues often form in the spinal canal and adhere to the dura surface, resulting in low back pain postsurgery. In the present study, biodegradable silk‐polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels are evaluated for adhesion prevention after laminectomies in New Zealand rabbits, with nondegradable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes and saline as controls. No significant difference among the three groups is observed within 2 weeks. Silk is fully degraded within 6 weeks, leaving a gap separating the scar tissue and the dura mater. Severe dural scar adhesion form in the saline control group after 8 weeks, while no or mild adhesion is observed in the ePTFE membrane and silk‐PEG hydrogel samples. Human dermal fibroblasts (HS‐865‐SK cells) are cultured in the silk‐PEG hydrogel extracts and on top of gel surfaces. Compared to the controls of tissue culture plate (no silk) and sonicated silk hydrogels (no PEG), the proliferation of fibroblasts in both conditions is significantly reduced initially but resumes after 120 h, suggesting the surface properties of the hydrogels and local, temporal release of PEG accounts for the adhesion prevention observed in vivo in this study.
Head Injury and Mental Handicap
Authors: E O Akuffo, P E Sylvester
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

A clinical and pathological study of head injury and the implications in mental handicap are outlined. Non-accidental injury as a form of child abuse is suspected as contributing considerably to the cause of mental handicap in populations resident in long-stay hospital, but this is unlikely to be the best environment for such patients. A number of mentally handicapped epileptic patients who injure their heads during fits and patients who repeatedly bang their heads as a feature of self-injurious behaviour are exposed to progressive neurological deficits associated with lesions in the brain which could further impair the efficiency of brain function.