tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 19710: Causes for Increased Cardiac Troponin I Using Gender-Specific 99th Percentiles From a High Sensitivity Assay in a US Population
Authors: Yader Sandoval, Stephen W Smith, Karen M Schulz, MaryAnn M Murakami, Fred S Apple
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays have not yet been FDA cleared for clinical use in the United States (US). Pending expected approval of hs-cTn assays, which will use gender-specific cutoffs (GSC), it is relevant to recognize the causes of cTn increases using hs-cTnI assays in a US population. Our purpose was to describe the frequency of distinct etiologies of hs-cTnI assay increases using GSC. Methods: Retrospective study of 310 patients with serial hs-cTnI (Abbott ARCHITECT, 99th percentiles: F:16 ng/L; M:34 ng/L) measurements. Patients with an increased hs-cTnI were adjudicated into categories according to the 3rd Universal Definition of MI. Categories included, A: primary myocardial ischemia (i.e. plaque rupture); B: injury secondary to supply/demand imbalance; C: injury not related to myocardial ischemia (i.e. cardiac contusion, ablation, shock, surgery); D: multifactorial or indeterminate myocardial injury (i.e. heart failure, critically ill, pulmonary HTN, sepsis, stroke, renal failure, pulmonary embolism); E: Unknown. Results: 127 (41%) had an increased hs-cTnI above the GSC 99th percentile, whereas 183 (59%) had a normal hs-cTnI. The most common causes of hs-cTnI increases were: a) multifactorial or indeterminate injury - 43% among all patients and 52% in males, and b) supply/demand imbalance - 39% in women (Table). Injury related to primary myocardial ischemia was present in 10% (n=13). Females had more injury related to supply/demand ischemia than males (39% vs. 18%, p=0.01), whereas males had more multifactorial or indeterminate injury (52% vs. 33%, p=0.05). Conclusions: Most increased hs-cTnI values were explained by non-plaque rupture conditions. Males tended to have hs-cTnI increases due to multifactorial/indeterminate causes, whereas in women supply/demand imbalance was the most common etiology. Investigations are needed to better understand if etiologies of myocardial injury have gender differences.
Call for Papers on Adolescent and Young Adult Health
Authors: Alain Joffe, Cherrie B. Boyer, Maria T. Britto
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Abstract 19143: Role of Cardiac Biomarkers in Diagnosing Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy from Left Anterior Descending Artery ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ghulam Akbar, Marwan Badri, Catherine Prince, Wajeeha Saeed, Ghazi Mirrani, Muhammad Ameen, Armaghan Y Soomro, Timothy Shapiro, Muhammad R Sardar
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Takostubo cardiomyopathy (TK) and STEMI in the proximal to mid LAD territory (LAD-S) may have similar clinical, ECG and echocardiographic presentation. The two can only be differentiated using coronary angiography. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the ratio of serum BNP to troponin-I(TnI) will help in distinguishing TK from LAD-S. Previously it has been studied in TK and STEMI from any coronary artery lesion. This is the first study to tease out LAD-S and TK by using BNP/TnI ratio . Methods: We retrospectively compared patients who presented with LAD-S and patients with TK (confirmed with non-obstructive coronary angiography, classic echocardiographic appearance and subsequent improvement of LV function). Patients who did not have BNP and TnI available were excluded. Results: Out of 313 patients with LAD-S and 464 with possible TK, 39 and 62 patients were included respectively. Mean BNP and TnI levels were 788, 57.6ng/dl and 923, 3.4ng/dl in LAD-S and TK respectively. A BNP/TnI ratio of ≤6.4 was 100% sensitive and 41% specific to diagnose LAD-S, and therefore has 100% negative predictive value. A BNP/TnI ratio of ≥2388 was 80% sensitive and 93% specific for diagnosing TK. Conclusion: BNP/TnI ratio &lt;6.4 is reliable to rule out TK and lead to the diagnosis of LAD-S in patients with typical echocardiographic findings. Further, larger observational studies are needed to validate the use of biomarkers for this purpose.
The Mediating Effect of Leptin on the Relationship Between Body Weight and Knee Osteoarthritis in Older Adults
Authors: Angela Fowler‐Brown, Dae Hyun Kim, Ling Shi, Edward Marcantonio, Christina C. Wee, Robert H. Shmerling, Suzanne Leveille
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective Obesity is associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Emerging evidence suggests that adipokines, substances produced by adipose tissue, may play a role in the development of knee OA. The aim of this study was to determine whether the inflammatory adipokine leptin partially mediates the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and knee OA. Methods We used baseline data from 653 participants who were 70 years of age or older in the population‐based Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly Boston Study. Height and weight were measured, and participants were assessed for knee OA using clinical criteria. Serum leptin was measured using a microsphere‐based assay. Results The average BMI and the average serum leptin level were 27.5 kg/m 2 and 589 p M , respectively; the prevalence of knee OA was 24.7%. In regression models adjusted for covariates, we found that a 5‐kg/m 2 increase in BMI was associated with 32% increased odds of knee OA (odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.10, 1.58); a 200‐p M increase in serum leptin levels was associated with 11% increased odds of knee OA (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05, 1.17). The ratio of the standardized coefficients for the indirect:total effect calculated using the product‐of‐coefficients method was 0.49, suggesting that approximately half of the total effect of BMI on knee OA may be mediated by serum leptin. The estimated 95% CIs for the mediated effect suggest that this effect is statistically significant. Similarly, mediation analysis using a counterfactual approach suggested that the effect of leptin mediation was statistically significant. Conclusion We found that almost half of the association between elevated BMI and knee OA could be explained by the inflammatory adipokine leptin.
<i>JAK2</i>V617F monitoring in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: Clinical usefulness for predicting myelofibrotic transformation and thrombotic events
Authors: Alberto Alvarez‐Larrán, Beatriz Bellosillo, Arturo Pereira, Ana Kerguelen, Juan Carlos Hernández‐Boluda, Luz Martínez‐Avilés, Concepción Fernández‐Rodríguez, Montse Gómez, Luis Lombardía, Anna Angona, Águeda Ancochea, Alicia Senín, Raquel Longarón, Blanca Navarro, María Collado, Carlos Besses
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

The JAK2V617F allele burden has been identified as a risk factor for vascular events and myelofibrotic transformation in polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). However, all previous studies have evaluated a single time point JAK2V617F measurement. Therefore, the frequency and the clinical significance of changes in the JAK2V617F mutant load occurring during the disease evolution remain unknown. In the present study, JAK2V617F monitoring was performed during the follow-up of 347 patients (PV = 163, ET = 184). According to their JAK2V617F evolutionary patterns, patients were stratified as stable < 50% (n = 261), stable ≥50% (n = 52), progressive increase (n = 24) and unexplained decrease (n = 10). After a 2,453 person-years follow-up, a total of 59 thrombotic events, 16 major hemorrhages, and 27 cases of myelofibrotic transformations were registered. At multivariate analyses, patients with a persistently high (≥50%) or unsteady JAK2V617F load during follow-up had an increased risk of myelofibrotic transformation (Incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 20.7, 95% CI: 6.5-65.4; P < 0.001) and a trend for a higher incidence of thrombosis (IRR: 1.7, 1-3.3; P = 0.05) than patients with a stable allele burden below 50%. In conclusion, JAK2V617F monitoring could be useful in patients with PV and ET for predicting disease's complications, especially myelofibrotic transformation.
Abstract 16317: Cost-Effectiveness of Bi-Ventricular Pacemakers vs. RV Pacemakers and Bi-Ventricular Defibrillators vs. Dual Chamber Defibrillators in Patients With Atrioventricular Block and Systolic Dysfunction: All-Patient and Subgroup Analyses From the BLOCK-HF Clinical Trial
Authors: Philip B Adamson, Eugene S Chung, Martin G St. John Sutton, Manpreet K Sidhu, Stuart Mealing, Amie Padhiar, Stelios I Tsintzos, Sarah L Bril, Amy A Lautenbach, Anne B Curtis
Journal: Circulation (2014)

BACKGROUND: The cost-effectiveness (C-E) of biventricular (BiV) pacing compared to right ventricular (RV) pacing in patients with a pacing indication due to atrioventricular (AV) block and EF &lt; 50% is unknown. Material differences may exist between the C-E of BiV pacemakers (BiV-P) vs. RV and BiV defibrillators (BiV-D) vs. dual chamber ICDs, the latter when patients independently have an ICD indication. METHODS: Patient-level data from the BLOCK-HF trial were used. Statistical models were used to predict all-cause mortality, NYHA distribution over time, and NYHA-specific HF-related healthcare utilization (HCU) rates. Analyses were undertaken separately for BiV/RV (All-Patient), BiV-P/IPG and BiV-D/ICD. RESULTS: HCU rates in NYHA Classes I/II were lower than Classes III/IV and consistently reduced with BiV devices. Predicted life expectancy in the “All-Patient” analysis was 6.78 years with RV devices and 7.52 with BiV ones (a 10.8% increase). More BiV patients were predicted to remain in, or improve to, Classes I/II, if alive. In the “All-Patient” analysis, BiV offered patients 0.41 more Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) compared to RV, at an additional cost of $12,537 (Incremental C-E Ratio “ICER” $30,860.16/QALY Gained). Within the clinical co-variate subgroups of the “All-Patient” analysis, the highest ICER observed was $43,687.59 (NYHA Class I Patients). Within the device-based subgroups, BiV-D patients were projected to benefit more (0.84 years gained) than BiV-P ones (0.49 years) CONCLUSIONS: BiV reduces HCU rates compared with RV, offering survival benefits and slowing HF progression. The “All-Patient” ICER was $30,860.16/QALY Gained and ICERs were consistently below the conventional US acceptability threshold ($50,000/QALY Gained). The additional cost associated with offering BiV devices to patients with AV block and systolic dysfunction appears justified by the expected benefits across both device types.
Both farnesylpyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP) rescue prenylation in the presence of statins, but only GGPP rescues cell viability.
Authors: Lillian Burke, Davis Allen, Cindy Kukoly
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

2025 

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, “statins”, are used to treat patients with hypercholesterolemia. Statins inhibit the production of mevalonate and other isoprenoid intermediates of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, such as farnesylpyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP)1. These intermediates provide precursors for the post-translational modification known as prenylation, in which lipid moieties such as FPP and GGPP are added to intracellular proteins. Statins induce apoptosis in several tumor cell lines but the cellular target of the statins responsible for this cytotoxicity is not known. Methods: Standard procedures were used to analyze apoptosis (Annexin V, Roche) and cell proliferation (G3580, Promega). Prenylation of cellular proteins was assayed using Ras as a surrogate marker and separation based on the differential solubility of the prenylated proteins in Triton X1142. Results: In order to further characterize the biochemical characteristics of the statin target, we determined the relationship between statin-induced-cytotoxicity and inhibition of prenylation. Statins inhibited prenylation of Ras in HL60, U937, and MEL cells at concentrations similar to those that inhibited cell viability. We found that both FPP and GGPP restored Ras prenylation in HL60 and U937 cells. GGPP rescued HL60 and U937 cells from statin-induced cytotoxicity, as reported previously in leukemic cells2. In contrast, neither FPP (20 μM) nor vehicle control (0.5 % DMSO) prevented statin-induced cytotoxicity. KG1 cells were relatively resistant to the effects of statins but at high concentrations (>50 μM), statins inhibited both cellular proliferation and prenylation in KG1 cells. In summary , our results show that, although both FPP and GGPP rescue Ras prenylation, only GGPP rescues cells from statin-induced cytotoxicity. Inhibition of prenylation and inhibition of statin-induced cytotoxicity occur at similar concentrations. These results suggest that AML cells are rescued via geranylgeranylation. The data further suggest that a geranylgeranylated protein that cannot be alternatively farnesylated may be the target of statins. This protein is probably not Ras because our data suggest that Ras can be prenylated by either FPP or GGPP. Further studies to identify the target of statins are underway. References: 1. Xia Z, et al. (2001) Blocking Protein Geranylgeranylation Is Essential For Lovastatin-Induced Apoptosis of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Leukemia , 9, 1398-1407. 2. Hancock JF. Prenylation and Palmitoylation Analysis. Methods in Enzymology 1995; 255: 237-245.
Good News on Guns—but Not for Everyone
Authors: M Mitka
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P78: Teaching Basic Life Support to School Children in Northern Ireland Using the ’ABC for life’ Programme
Authors: Philip Toner, Michael Connolly, Patrice McGrath, Leanne Laverty, David Connolly, David McCluskey
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Aims: Northern Ireland has one of the highest incidences of ischaemic heart disease in the world. Teaching BLS to school children has previously been recommended. Our aim was to assess if eleven year old children can aquire and retain knowledge of basic life support (BLS) skills six months after a course of instruction (Study 1) and to assess the effectiveness of a three tier ‘peer training’ model using medical students, teachers and pupils (Study 2). This would be a cost effective way of significantly decreasing mortality from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Methods: The ‘ABC for Life’ programme is a regional course in BLS training in Northern Ireland specifically designed for 10 –12 year old school children. Medical students are trained as instructors in BLS by cardiac resuscitation officers at a major teaching hospital. Children were given a 22 point questionnaire before training and immediately after training to assess acquisition of BLS, and again six months after training to assess retention of knowledge (Study 1). In study 2, medical students instructed teachers how to teach BLS to their pupils. Pupils were given the same questionnaire to assess knowledge of BLS immediately before and after a teacher led training session at their school. Results: Study 1: Children showed a highly significant increase in knowledge following the training session (46.8% vs 82.7%, p&lt;0.001). Six months later their knowledge remained significantly higher than that of a control group who had never been trained (61.1% vs 46.8%, p&lt;0.01). Study 2: Thirty eight teachers were trained from one education board. The first five children trained at each school were randomly selected. Questionnaires were returned for 44.7% pupils at baseline and 42.1% pupils after training. Mean baseline scores improved significantly after training (57.2% vs 77.7%, p&lt;0.001). Conclusion These studies demonstrate that by using medical students and teachers, a large number of children can be trained in a short time period and at relatively low cost. Children can acquire and retain knowledge of BLS for at least six months. The initiative provides manikins and training resources to all schools. To date, the programme has trained 350 schools. We have commenced research of physical skills using a recordable mainikin.
Loss of adenylyl cyclase I activity disrupts patterning of mouse somatosensory cortex
Authors: Raja M. Abdel-Majid, Wey L. Leong, Leonard C. Schalkwyk, Donald S. Smallman, Scott T. Wong, Daniel R. Storm, Alan Fine, Melanie J. Dobson, Duane L. Guernsey, Paul E. Neumann
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
T-HELPER PHENOTYPE CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA AND "ADULT T-CELL LEUKAEMIA" IN ITALY
Authors: Franco Pandolfi, GiulioDe Rossi, Francesco Lauria, Alessandra Ranucci, Giovanni Barillari, Vittorio Manzari, Gianpietro Semenzato, Vincenzo Liso, Giovanni Pizzolo, Fernando Aiuti
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Effect of systemic and extra-fine particle inhaled corticosteroids on corrected alveolar nitric oxide (CANO) in COPD
Authors: Peter Williamson, Philip Short, Brian Lipworth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background and objectives:  Alveolar nitric oxide or (CANO), has been used as a surrogate marker of distal airway inflammation, which is important in COPD. Coarse particle inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) do not suppress CANO. We evaluated whether extra-fine particle size ICS or systemic oral corticosteroids could suppress CANO in COPD.   Methods:  COPD patients with a smoking pack history >15years, FEV1/FVC ratio  2ppb underwent a double-blind randomised controlled crossover trial with an open label systemic steroid comparitor. Following a 2wk steroid washout period, patients were randomised to 2wks, 100mcgHFA-BDP 1 puff b.i.d and then 2 weeks 400mcgHFA-BDP or matched placebos with subsequent crossover. All patients received 1wk open-label, 25mg/day prednisolone. Spirometry, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry and exhaled nitric oxide were recorded.   Results:  16 patients completed per protocol. Compared to respective placebo there were no significant differences with extra-fine particle ICS. Oral prednisolone caused a significant reduction in FENO and J9awNO but not CANO (see table1).   Conclusions:  Whilst CANO remains a biomarker of interest in COPD, it is not suppressed by systemic or extra-fine particle ICS. Hence CANO is unlikely to be a useful marker for monitoring response of small airway disease to therapies in COPD.
MEDICAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN MILITARY SERVICE
Authors: Charles C. Hillman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1940)

Article1 June 1940MEDICAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN MILITARY SERVICECHARLES C. HILLMAN, B.S., M.D., F.A.C.P.CHARLES C. HILLMAN, B.S., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-13-12-2205 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the world about us we now witness millions of people arrayed in bitter conflict against other millions, defenseless masses dying at the hands of ruthless aggressors, and commerce of neutrals as well as belligerents disrupted. We see peaceful peoples crushed by the humiliating demands of powerful neighbors and their cities leveled by the lightning thrusts of mechanized armies. We are confronted with unexpected and powerful coalitions, which are prompted solely on principles of expediency and greed. With these developments in current history we cannot but ponder over the future that fate holds in store for the American people and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical Corps U. S. Army*Read at the Cleveland Meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 1, 1940. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1940Volume 13, Issue 12Page: 2205-2211KeywordsArmed forcesForecasting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1940 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright, 1940, by The American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
Retraction Note to: Regression of human metastatic renal cell carcinoma after vaccination with tumor cell-dendritic cell hybrids
Authors: Alexander Kugler, Gernot Stuhler, Peter Walden, Gerhard Zöller, Anke Zobywalski, Peter Brossart, Uwe Trefzer, Silke Ullrich, Claudia A. Müller, Volker Becker, Andreas J. Gross, Bernhard Hemmerlein, Lothar Kanz, Gerhard A. Müller, Rolf-Hermann Ringert
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)