tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determining precise role of ethnicity in disease will be difficult
Authors: A R P Walker, I Segal
Journal: BMJ (1997)

More widespread public debate on rationing is essentialEditor-We find it significant that none of the clinicians who contributed to the conference "Rationing in the NHS: Time to Get Real" signed the open letter to Frank Dobson. 1 In the letter, rationing is defined as occurring when not all health services can be provided to everybody who might benefit from them, a definition so broad that it can be said always to have existed.Yet most British clinicians would not recognise the examples given as rationing.A young woman with high cholesterol as a single risk factor for coronary heart disease may be "denied" drug treatment and given dietary advice instead simply because the risks of side effects outweigh the marginal benefit; this is rational, not rationing.Again, "denying" magnetic resonance imaging for uncomplicated migraine in a young person has nothing to do with cost: the risks of iatrogenic anxiety and distress are far greater than any possible benefit from such intervention.The authors do the cause of so called smart rationing a disservice by these examples.This debate is too important to be "dumbed down" in this way.Whenever rationing is discussed there is a tension between those whose professional discipline (health economics, medical ethics, or policy analysis) allows them to work with broad underlying principles and those who are constantly brought face to face with the limitations of these principles through daily contact with patients.The former are much more likely to believe that it is possible and appropriate to base all rationing decisions on a series of well argued principles.Life for the latter is far messier: it is often impossible to apply broad principle to individual cases, let alone find a "currency of comparison" 2 that will enable the claims of, for example, a dying older person on an understaffed geriatric ward to be ranked against those of a patient with multiple sclerosis who might benefit from interferon beta.Struggling to make these sorts of comparisons is painful; the examples given in the open letter tax no one and thereby offer false hope of easy solutions.It is because the choices are difficult that more widespread public debate is essential.Only through such a debate can we all, as citizens, realise what is happening to the NHS, consider if that is the NHS that we want, and decide how much of our taxes an NHS worthy of the name deserves.
Binding of the Major and Large Hbsag to Human Hepatocytes and Liver Plasma Membranes: Putative External and Internal Receptors for Infection and Secretion of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: William P.J. Leenders, Harrie L. Glansbeek, Wieke C.C. De Bruin, Sing-Hiem Yap
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

A likely mechanism of the strong hepatotrophism of the hepatitis B virus is the presence of specific receptors for the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus on hepatocyte membranes. To examine this hypothesis, we have performed binding studies using recombinant large (preS1 + preS2 + S) and major (S) proteins with adult human hepatocytes, rat hepatocytes, human fibroblasts, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma membranes derived from these cell types. We found that major HBsAg was able to bind specifically to human hepatocytes, human fibroblasts and human blood mononuclear cells. This binding could be inhibited by recombinant middle (preS2 + S) protein but not by the recombinant large protein. No binding could be demonstrated between large HBsAg and human hepatocytes. However, large protein bound specifically to plasma membranes derived from human liver tissue, human fibroblasts and HepG2A16 cells. This binding could be partially inhibited by the major protein and by a synthetic preS1 peptide but not by a synthetic preS2 peptide. These results support the assumption that hepatitis B virus absorption and penetration into human hepatocytes is mediated by specific receptors recognizing an amino acid sequence in the S–region. This recognition site is not displayed by the recombinant large protein. However, the large protein is recognized by its preS1 region and by a second binding site in the S–region by a receptor molecule, located on the inner surface of the plasma membranes or intracellular membranes of human hepatocytes and of some other cell types derived from human tissue. (Hepatology 1990;12:141-147).
The Role of Tc-99m RBC GI Bleeding Studies in Patients with Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: S. Dadparvar, M. McMillan, M. Tulchinsky, E. Pantuso, J. E. Keough, A. A. Shaikh, W. J. Slizofski
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Dadparvar, S.; McMillan, M.; Tulchinsky, M.; Pantuso, E.; Keough, J. E.; Shaikh, A. A.; Slizofski, W. J. Author Information
Injuries to the tracheobronchial tree in closed trauma.
Authors: W Amauchi, D Birolini, P D Branco, M R de Oliveira
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Seven cases of injury to the tracheobronchial tree in closed trauma of the thorax, treated by the surgical emergency service of the Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, during the period 1980-2 are described and compared with previously published cases. The diagnosis of the seven cases presented in this series was clinically suspected and endoscopically confirmed within 24 hours of injury, all patients being immediately submitted to reconstructive surgery; and except for one who failed to respond to initial resuscitation and died during surgery all the patients had a satisfactory postoperative course. Many previously reported cases of tracheobronchial injury by contrast have taken more than a month to be diagnosed; but for the best results such injuries must be repaired immediately. Awareness of the possibility of tracheobronchial injury in cases of violent chest trauma is important for early diagnosis; emphysema, dyspnoea, and pneumothorax are not always present, and absence of radiological and clinical signs of tracheobronchial injury does not exclude such injury. Bronchoscopy is the most important investigation for clinical diagnosis. Once the diagnosis has been made thoracotomy is nearly always required. Throughout the surgical procedure expert cooperation between anaesthetist and surgeon is essential. After operation prevention of further damage to the trachea depends on careful respiratory management.
Health Behavior and Outcomes in Sequential Pregnancies of Black and White Adolescents
Authors: Mary L. Blankson
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To examine the relationships among parity, preterm delivery, fetal growth retardation, and prenatal care utilization in first and second adolescent pregnancies.A longitudinal, retrospective study in which obstetric, behavioral, and sociodemographic data were used to examine birth outcomes of 737 low-income black (80%) and white (20%) teenagers delivering first and second singleton infants at 20 or more weeks' gestation.Public health clinics in Jefferson County, Alabama, between January 1983 and February 1990.Mean birth weight, preterm delivery, fetal growth retardation, Apgar scores, and perinatal mortality.In their second pregnancies, adolescents presented 2.8 weeks later for care (P = .0001) and made fewer total clinic visits. Mean infant birth weight increased by 91 g (P = .0005). This increase was significantly associated with an increase in maternal prepregnancy body mass index. The rate of fetal growth retardation decreased (P = .0001) and the rate of preterm delivery increased (P < .02) in the second pregnancy. The rate of recurrence of fetal growth retardation was 13% and the rate of preterm delivery was 46%.Poorer utilization of prenatal care and high risk for recurrence of adverse outcomes are characteristic of adolescents' second pregnancies and should be considered in teenage pregnancy intervention programs.
Yes, but it was never just about the science
Authors: Craig T. Palmer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Andrews et al. present a clear discussion of the various criteria needed to identify adaptations. However, they also imply a history of the debate between adaptationists and their critics that is incomplete. The history implied is one of only genuine scientific disagreement. This neglects the role of nonscientific motives and strawman arguments on behalf of the critics of adaptationists.
THE HAZARDS OF DRY CLEANING
Authors: Lester Hollander
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  I read your comprehensive and timely editorial  Hazards of Dry Cleaning (The Journal, Dec. 16, 1933, p. 1970) with a great deal of interest and benefit, and may I say that I second all of the suggestions contained in it.  One phase of the subject, however, I believe, needs further emphasis. This has to deal with commercial dry cleaning.  Since the introduction of carbon tetrachloride and trichlorethylene as a general solvent in the dry cleaning establishments, I have noted cases of dermatitis of varying severity which followed the wearing by women of clothing recently cleaned in these establishments. In all the instances observed, there occurred an annoying, somewhat scaly, reddened and well defined involvement within forty-eight hours. The localization depended on whether the dress was short or long sleeved. In the former, the areas of the axillary folds, the sternum and the neckline of the dress
Cutaneous adverse reactions to clindamycin: results of skin tests and oral exposure
Authors: K. Lammintausta, R. Tokola, K. Kalimo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Clindamycin is an antibiotic used in anaerobic and severe complicated infections. It is often selected for patients with a history of allergy to other antibiotics.To study the occurrence of clindamycin hypersensitivity and to determine whether skin tests are useful in cases of suspected clindamycin allergy.Six patients with an exanthematous rash and a history strongly suggestive of clindamycin hypersensitivity were studied with skin tests and oral exposure. Cases of suspected adverse drug reactions to clindamycin reported to the National Register of Adverse Effects of Drugs (NRAED) in Finland during 1973-2000 were analysed.In the skin tests true-positive patch test reactions were seen in four of six patients, while 22 healthy control patients were negative. One false-positive and one false-negative patch test reaction were seen. During 1973-2000, 29 suspected cases of skin and/or mucosal membranes affected by clindamycin were reported to the NRAED.Clindamycin hypersensitivity is not common. Delayed-type allergic reactions occur and patch tests are useful in those cases. Oral exposure is the method of choice if possible, as false-negative and false-positive reactions may occur.
Doctors in the valleys
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Rhys Davies (1901-78, born Vivian Rees Davies) was once known as the Welsh Chekhov, not because he was a doctor but for his short stories. And for a reason that I cannot fathom—because he was a very fine writer indeed—he is now all but forgotten except by specialists and thesis mongers.

He left his native Rhondda very early in his adulthood, but much of his writing is nevertheless about south Wales. He was accepted straightaway into the bohemian London of his day, and when he went to the south of France he befriended D H Lawrence, accompanying him from Bandol to Paris when he sought treatment for his tuberculosis.

His early work was published by small publishers in tiny …
Review: Systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics, and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation are effective in acute COPD
Authors: Jay Peters
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club19 August 2008Review: Systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics, and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation are effective in acute COPDJay Peters, MDJay Peters, MDUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA (J.P.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-4-200808190-02013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationQuon BS, Gan WQ, Sin DD. Contemporary management of acute exacerbations of COPD: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest. 2008;133:756-66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18321904Clinical Impact RatingsEmergency Med: Hospitalists: Pulmonology: References1 Doern GV. Antimicrobial resistance with bacterial causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the United States. Treat Respir Med. 2005;1:1-4. [PMID: 15846150] Google Scholar2 Lindenauer PK, Pekow P, Gao S, et al. Quality of care for patients hospitalized for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:894-903. [PMID: 16785478] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA (J.P.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 August 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 August 2008Volume 149, Issue 4Page: JC2-13KeywordsAntibioticsChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseHospitalizationsIntubationOutpatientsPositive pressure ventilationSystematic reviewsTetracyclinesThorax ePublished: 19 August 2008 Issue Published: 19 August 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Volume-Outcome Relationships and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Bruce E. Landon, A. James O'Malley, Kristina Giles, Philip Cotterill, Marc L. Schermerhorn
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— There is a well-established literature relating procedure volume to outcomes, but incorporating such information into clinical decision making is problematic when there is &gt;1 treatment option for a condition. Methods and Results— We used data from the Medicare program to investigate the relationship between institutional volume for open and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and outcomes, examine trends in volume, and explore the implications for physicians making referrals for AAA repair. Trends in institutional volume were measured for the time period 2001–2006, whereas outcomes were assessed with the use of a previously assembled propensity score–matched cohort covering the time period 2001–2004. Between 2001 and 2006, there were a total of 230 736 repairs of either an intact or ruptured AAA for traditional Medicare beneficiaries. During this time, the proportion of endovascular cases increased from ≈22 in 2001 to &gt;50 of AAA repairs in 2006, but there was little shift in procedure volume to high-volume institutions. For endovascular repair, adjusted mortality by quintile showed a marked decrease between the first and second quintile, with continued smaller decreases over quintiles 3 to 5. For open repair, adjusted mortality showed a steady decrease across the quintiles of volume. Conclusions— We found a steady increase in survival with increasing volume of open repair but relatively little improvement after reaching a relatively low threshold for endovascular repair. Because hospital experience with one repair method does not translate into improved outcomes for the alternative method, referring clinicians must consider both treatment options when making referral decisions.
IMF policy is blamed for contributing to Ebola epidemic
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Short term economic policies advocated by the International Monetary Fund have exacerbated the epidemic of Ebola virus disease in west Africa, a study has said.1

Researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the universities of Oxford and Cambridge looked at the fund’s policies in regard to the three worst affected countries, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea. The weakness of these countries’ health systems has often been highlighted as a reason for the rapid spread of the disease, and the researchers found that the IMF’s policies had not allowed the three countries to invest in their health or education systems.

The fund has been providing economic support to Guinea for …
CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION IN IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN AMYLOIDOSIS: A LARGE SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Lindsey Elizabeth Roeker, Arleigh R. McCurdy, Martha Grogan, Angela Dispenzieri, Morie Gertz, Sudhir Kushwaha, Martha Q. Lacy, Brooks Edwards
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Outcomes for Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Jon E. Tyson, Saroj Saigal
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Notes on Lepra Mutilans in South America
Authors: E. H. Hicks
Journal: BMJ (1892)

troublesome and morphine not contraindicated, I find the following linctus very useful and pleasant: f Liquoris mor- phinaP hydrochlor., 3 j; acidi hydrobromic.dilut., 3 j; chloro- formi pur.iniij; tinct.limonis, 3j; syrupi simp.ad A iss. j3 tussi urgente.Several persons have come to me who have previously suffered from influenza, and have troublesome cough, pain, and slight expectoration, with the peculiar creptitation, left behind.Carbolic acid has cleared these troubles up.The neuralgia which so frequently occurs, especially at the back of the eyeballs, I have found relieved by antipyrin in 7-grain doses, and lately by exalgine in 1-grain doses.
Meth Lab Incidents Increase
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Reports of methamphetamine laboratory incidents—such as seizures of illicit “meth labs,” dump sites, chemicals, and glassware—declined from 2004 through 2007 but have increased ever since, reported the Government Accountability Office (GAO) on February 13 (http://tinyurl.com/cz6kf2z).
Antibody Response to Chlamydial Heat Shock Protein 60 Is Strongly Associated With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Luigi M. Biasucci, Giovanna Liuzzo, Alessandra Ciervo, Andrea Petrucca, Maddalena Piro, Dominick J. Angiolillo, Filippo Crea, Antonio Cassone, Attilio Maseri
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins with immunogenic and proinflammatory properties. Human and Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) HSP60 were found in patients with stable coronary disease.We measured the levels of anti-Cp-HSP60 and anti-Cp immunoglobulin G (IgG) in 179 patients with unstable angina, 40 with acute myocardial infarction, and 40 with stable angina (SA), as well as 100 control subjects. Forty-one patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) were also studied at follow-up. We also measured plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and troponin T (TnT). Seropositivity to Cp-HSP60 was found in 99% of ACS patients but in only 20% of SA patients and none of the control subjects. Seropositivity to Cp was detected in 67% of ACS patients, 60% of SA patients, and 30% of the control subjects. No differences in Cp-HSP60 IgG and in Cp IgG were observed between patients with myocardial infarction and patients with unstable angina. No correlation was found between Cp-HSP60 IgG, TnT, and hs-CRP or between IgG against Cp and hs-CRP. In ACS patients at follow-up, Cp-HSP60 IgG decreased from 0.88+/-0.25 to 0.45+/-0.14 arbitrary units (P<0.0001), becoming negative in 12 patients.Seropositivity for Cp-HSP60 appears to be a very sensitive and specific marker of ACS, unrelated to Cp IgG antibody titers or hs-CRP and TnT levels. Its causal involvement in instability and its diagnostic role in ACS deserve further study.
Submucosal tunneling using endoscopic submucosal dissection for peritoneal access and closure in natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: a porcine survival study
Authors: F. Yoshizumi, K. Yasuda, K. Kawaguchi, K. Suzuki, N. Shiraishi, S. Kitano
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background and study aims: Safe peritoneal access and gastric closure are the most important concerns in the clinical application of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). We aimed to clarify the feasibility of a submucosal tunnel technique using endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for transgastric peritoneal access and subsequent closure for NOTES.
Do enforced bicycle helmet laws improve public health?: Determining true effectiveness of safety measures
Authors: Riley Geary
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Hagel et al have not grasped the main point of Robinson's analysis about mandatory bicycle helmet laws.1 2 Regardless of how effective a particular safety measure might be in theory, or even empirically from case-control studies, failure to demonstrate any real benefits in whole populations over time must necessarily call into question its true effectiveness—particularly when compulsion is involved.

Helmet proponents are often quick to claim any reduction in cycling …
12-O-Tetradecanoyl-Phorbol-13-Acetate Release of Glycosyltransferases from Human Blood Cells
Authors: Chen-Kao Liu, Robert Schmied, Samuel Waxman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The mononuclear cells separated from human blood by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation contained and released sialyltransferase, galactosyltransferase, and fucosyltransferase. Granulocytes contained and released lesser amounts of glycosyltransferases, whereas platelets released more fucosyltransferase than sialyltransferase or galactosyltransferase. When mononuclear cells were incubated with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the release of these three glycosyltransferases increased two- to six-fold, and cell suspension glycosyltransferase activities decreased 10-50%. Mononuclear cells were fractionated into lymphocytes and monocytes using baby hamster kidney cells microexudate-coated flasks. TPA stimulated the release of glycosyltransferases from lymphocytes but not from monocytes. The release of glycosyltransferases by TPA-treated mononuclear cells was not further stimulated by reincubation with TPA and was not affected by puromycin, cAMP, or cGMP. Concanavalin A, a mitogenic stimulator of lymphocytes, also stimulated the release of glycosyltransferases from mononuclear cells, but to a lesser extent. TPA did not stimulate the release of 5′-nucleotidase or decrease its activity on the cell pellet. Triton X-100 (0.2%) stimulated the release of glycosyltransferases to the same extent as TPA, but also caused the release of 5′-nucleotidase. [3H]TPA bound specifically and reversibly to mononuclear cells. The possible relationship between glycosyltransferase release and TPA effect on the plasma membrane is discussed.
Vasopeptidase inhibitor restores the balance of vasoactive hormones in progressive nephropathy
Authors: Ariela Benigni, Carla Zoja, Cristina Zatelli, Daniela Corna, Lorena Longaretti, Daniela Rottoli, Paola Maggioni, Marta Todeschini, Marina Noris, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Kidney International (2004)