tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Three out of four Germans have used complementary or natural remedies
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Three quarters of the German population aged over 16 have had some experience of natural or complementary remedies, a federal health report by the Robert-Koch-Institute in Berlin has shown.

The report looks at attitudes towards complementary medicine and its applications. Ninety per cent of those who have used a natural remedy would recommend the treatment to others, it says. Users are most likely to …
Assessing the Cardiovascular Safety of Diabetes Therapies
Authors: Allison B. Goldfine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), of which I am a member, convened in early July to consider whether data on long-term cardiovascular safety should be required for new and existing therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus, whether trials should merely rule out harm or must show cardiovascular benefit, and at what point in the drug-approval process and by what methods cardiovascular data should be obtained.Clinical treatment goals for patients with type 2 diabetes include alleviating acute symptoms of hyperglycemia and forestalling diabetes-related complications. Drugs that are approved by the FDA . . .
The Exportation of Managed Care to Latin America
Authors: Karen Stocker, Howard Waitzkin, Celia Iriart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

While concern about the direction of managed care has intensified in the United States,1 managed care has been diffusing rapidly to other countries. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, reforms in several European national health programs introduced principles of managed care, market competition, and privatization of public services.13 More recently, managed-care reforms in some European countries, including the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Sweden, have been reversed.35 Since the mid-1990s, U.S. managed-care organizations and investment funds have rapidly entered the Latin American market. The exportation of managed care has been linked to privatization and cutbacks in public-sector . . .
Anabolic steroids in athelics: crossover double-blind trial on weightlifters.
Authors: D L Freed, A J Banks, D Longson, D M Burley
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Thirteen experienced male weightlifters taking high-protein diets and regular exercise took part in a double-blind crossover trial of methandienone 10 or 25 mg/day to seeif the drug improved athletic performance. Their improvemments were significantly greater on methandienone than on placebo; their body weights rose (though this seemed to be associated with water retention); and systolic blood pressure rose significantly. Methandienone caused many side effects, and three men had to withdraw because of them. All side effects disappeared after the drug was stopped. Anabolic steroids are effective only when given combination with exercise and high-protein diet.We deprecate their use in athletics but can suggest no way of stopping it.
Treatment of Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Marion B. Sulzberger
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The authors have studied the effectiveness of selected orally administered antibiotics and sulfonamides in treating certain moderately severe to very severe forms of acne. All patients had failed to respond satisfactorily to other measures. However, the systemic antibacterial agents were used as supplementary, rather than substitute, methods of therapy. Evaluation is made of the nature and degree of side-effects of long-term and short-term use of these drugs. There were 312 courses of oral therapy administered from 2 days to 6 years 9 months to 208 patients. The results were excellent in 13 of the courses, good in 196, fair in 86 and poor in 17. Side-effects included Candida albicans vaginitis (the only severe complication requiring therapy), diarrhea, mild nausea, and changes of total or differential white blood cell count. Only 27 patients had complaints which necessitated the discontinuation of the drug used.
Verapamil Versus Digoxin and Acute Versus Routine Serial Cardioversion for the Improvement of Rhythm Control for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Martin E.W. Hemels, Trudeke Van Noord, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Dirk J. Van Veldhuisen, Nic J.G.M. Veeger, Hans A. Bosker, Ans C.P. Wiesfeld, Maarten P. Van den Berg, Adelita V. Ranchor, Isabelle C. Van Gelder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Kallikrein teams up with GSK-3 in heart failure prevention
Authors: A. J.G. Horrevoets
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

With heart failure becoming an increasing burden due to the ageing population and improved peri-myocardial infarct (MI) survival, therapeutic approaches to stop or even revert this pathological process are gaining increasing attention. A most promising approach for the therapy is considered to rapidly increase blood supply to the damaged post-infarction ischaemic tissue in an attempt to limit cardiomyocyte death, thereby limiting scarring and its ensuing development of myocardial failure. Many experimental approaches have used growth factor induction, either as proteins or as DNA vectors, in an attempt to increase the local blood supply via induction of an improved capillary bed by angiogenesis or, even better, to induce increased collateral development by arteriogenesis.1 This field of therapeutic angiogenesis was sparked by the breakthrough paper of the Isner laboratory, showing improved perfusion in the ischaemic diabetic leg after vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene therapy.2 Multiple strategies that proved to be highly promising in animal models of ischaemic hindlimb after femoral artery occlusion were also tested in a myocardial setting. Almost a decade later, however, the original enthusiasm for the growth factor therapy has faded based on disappointing results in large clinical trials.3,4 The underlying … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +31 20 4448161; fax: +31 20 4448081. E-mail address: aj.horrevoets{at}vumc.nl
Clinical and pathologic methods to assess the long‐term safety of nasal corticosteroids
Authors: F. Laliberté, J. Bousquet, M. F. Laliberté, S. Lécart, J. M. Klossec, N. Mounedji
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: The main objective of this long‐term prospective local safety study was to evaluate endoscopic and histologic changes in nasal epithelium after 6‐month treatment with triamcinolone acetonide (TAA). We describe here a method to measure quantitatively epithelium thickness. Results were compared with those seen with the use of cetirizine (an antihistamine) and another oral intranasal corticosteroid, beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP). Methods: Patients were examined by an ENT specialist who first performed an endoscopic evaluation of the nasal cavities, assessing any morphologic abnormalities and the aspect of the mucosa. Biopsies were taken from the inferior turbinate before and after 24 weeks of treatment. Biopsies were immediately fixed in cold acetone (−20°C) and embedded in glycolmethacrylate; sections of 2 µm were cut on an ultramicrotome. Morphometric evaluations were done in a blinded fashion by computerized image analysis to measure an epithelial area over a minimum length of 50 µm. The thickness was ascertained by the ratio of area to length. Results: For all three treatment groups, the nasal epithelium thickness decreased slightly from pretreatment to the end of treatment. No statistically significant differences between the three treatment groups were found in epithelium thickness. Macroscopically, nasal tissues in all treated groups were normal. Conclusions: These results clearly indicate that long‐term treatment with TAA has no atrophic effect on nasal mucosa.
The Accidental Addict
Authors: Howard Markel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

All stories of addiction are tragic. Some addictions are so well concealed that, when discovered, they initially appear to be inconceivable. One of the most remarkable tales of a concealed drug addiction began more than a century ago and involves a brilliant young doctor. Talented, well educated, and socially prominent, he was a swift and decisive operator when speed was of paramount importance to surgical prowess. But by the age of 33, the physician faced both professional and literal extinction because of a losing battle against a relentless addiction to cocaine.Yet less than a decade after reaching what recovery . . .
No Child Left Uncovered
Authors: Gregory D. Curfman, Stephen Morrissey, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Sara Rosenbaum on the battle over the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). (07:06)Download In the grand tradition of bare-knuckle American politics, the reauthorization of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), which provides health coverage for low-income children, has become part of a war of political philosophies between a bipartisan group of legislators in the House and Senate on the one hand and President Bush and his administration on the other. In a Perspective article in this issue of the Journal,1 Iglehart provides a summary of the current state of this political confrontation, and his article is amplified by an audio interview with Sara Rosenbaum, a professor at the George Washington University School . . .
A community-based cross-sectional and longitudinal study uncovered asymptomatic proteinuria in Japanese adults with low body weight
Authors: Toshitaka Muneyuki, Hitoshi Sugawara, Kaname Suwa, Haruki Oshida, Masafumi Saito, Yumiko Hori, Setsuko Seta, Takeshi Ishida, Masafumi Kakei, Shin-ichi Momomura, Kei Nakajima
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Systematic Review of the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Anorexia and Weight Loss
Authors: Tugba Yavuzsen, Mellar P. Davis, Declan Walsh, Susan LeGrand, Ruth Lagman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

We systematically assessed the efficacy and safety of appetite stimulants in the management of cancer-related anorexia. Literature databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of appetite stimulants in the treatment of cancer anorexia.Studies were graded according to quality. Fifty-five studies met inclusion criteria.Only two drugs have evidence to support their use for anorexia (progestins and corticosteroids). There is strong evidence against the use of hydrazine sulfate. The outcomes of these trials have been mixed and patient population heterogeneous.The optimal dose, time to start, and duration of treatment for many appetite stimulants for cancer anorexia is still unknown. A more systematic approach to research methodology with universal outcome measure and prospective randomized studies are need. Combination regimens are needed but this cannot at the present time be supported by the data presented.
The Scintigraphic Imaging of Endocrine Organs*
Authors: MILTON D. GROSS, BRAHM SHAPIRO, JAMES H. THRALL, JOHN E. FREITAS, WILLIAM H. BEIERWALTES
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1984)

THE NUCLEAR medicine approach to the portrayal of endocrine organs is unique; the scintigraphic images provide not only anatomic and localization information, but in many instances allow a quantitative assessment of organ function. The ability to image endocrine glands is based upon the design of radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals with characteristics to take advantage of many unique and specific biochemical and metabolic functions of these tissues. The recent introduction of new radiopharmaceuticals and tracers has provided the consulting endocrinologist with imaging procedures that allow localization and functional characterization not available by other single, noninvasive diagnostic modalities. This review will serve as an update of the available techniques to image and quantitate the function of the endocrine glands using the nuclear medicine approach. The Nuclear medicine approach to the portrayal of endocrine organs is unique; the scintigraphic images provide not only anatomic and localization information, but in many instances allow a quantitative assessment of organ function. The ability to image endocrine glands is based upon the design of radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals with characteristics to take advantage of many unique and specific biochemical and metabolic functions of these tissues. The recent introduction of new radiopharmaceuticals and tracers has provided the consulting endocrinologist with imaging procedures that allow localization and functional characterization not available by other single, noninvasive diagnostic modalities. This review will serve as an update of the available techniques to image and quantitate the function of the endocrine glands using the nuclear medicine approach.
Abstract 2960: <i>TRIM29</i> is a novel biomarker for basal-like breast cancer
Authors: Jin Liu, Philip Bernard
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Basal-like breast cancer is a subtype of tumors associated with aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis. The genes responsible for their aggressive phenotype have not been well characterized and may provide an opportunity for targeted therapies. Tripartite motif-containing 29 (TRIM29) is a member of the TRIM protein family. Microarray and RT-qPCR analyses shows TRIM29 overexpressed in Basal-like breast tumors and it is highly correlated to other basal tumor markers such as CK5/6, CK17, EGFR, and FOXC1. We recently observed using immunohistochemistry that TRIM29 predominantly localizes to the nucleus in basal tumor epithelial cells, in contrast to a cytoplasmic localization seen in ER-positive tumors. Thus, TRIM29 may act as a transcriptional regulatory factor involved in carcinogenesis. In order to investigate the role of TRIM29 in the initiation and progression of Basal-like breast cancer, we employed chromatin immunoprecipitation and massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq) to create a genome-wide profile of in vivo TRIM29-binding sites in MDA-MB-468 cells, a human breast cancer cell line. ChIP-seq analysis revealed 94 putative TRIM29 binding regions in the cancer genome of MDA-MB-468 cells with an estimated false discovery rate of less than 5%. One TRIM29 binding motif was found in the TRIM29 binding regions with a core consensus sequence of CTGTCTCC. We also identified some known cancer genes in close proximity to TRIM29 binding sites, including JUND, FBXO31, CCND3, EGFR, and FOXC1. In addition to mapping TRIM29-DNA binding sites, we used co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to identify proteins that interact with TRIM29 in MDA-MB-468 cells. Proteins that co-precipitated with TRIM29 included splicing factor proline/glutamine-rich (SFPQ, a transcriptional co-repressor), poly(A) binding protein (PABPC4); FUS and TAF15 RNA polymerase II (both are proto-oncoproteins and transcriptional activators), and A kinase anchor protein 13 (AKAP13, an adaptor protein involved in protein kinase A signaling pathway). Confirmation of the initial co-IP results was achieved through several independent techniques, including detection of binding partners in TRIM29 precipitates by Western blot and reciprocal co-IP using antibodies to partner proteins and detection of TRIM29 in the precipitates. Overall, results from our studies indicated that besides functioning as a transcription factor, TRIM29 may also participate in signal transduction pathways by forming protein complexes. Our studies have identified new biomarkers for basal-like breast cancers and revealed kinases that could potentially be targeted by biologic therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2960.
PLK1 Phosphorylates PAX3-FOXO1, the Inhibition of Which Triggers Regression of Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Verena Thalhammer, Laura A. Lopez-Garcia, David Herrero-Martin, Regina Hecker, Dominik Laubscher, Maria E. Gierisch, Marco Wachtel, Peter Bode, Paolo Nanni, Bernd Blank, Ewa Koscielniak, Beat W. Schäfer
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Pediatric tumors harbor very low numbers of somatic mutations and therefore offer few targets to improve therapeutic management with targeted drugs. In particular, outcomes remain dismal for patients with metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS), where the chimeric transcription factor PAX3/7-FOXO1 has been implicated but problematic to target. In this report, we addressed this challenge by developing a two-armed screen for druggable upstream regulatory kinases in the PAX3/7-FOXO1 pathway. Screening libraries of kinome siRNA and small molecules, we defined PLK1 as an upstream-acting regulator. Mechanistically, PLK1 interacted with and phosphorylated PAX3-FOXO1 at the novel site S503, leading to protein stabilization. Notably, PLK1 inhibition led to elevated ubiquitination and rapid proteasomal degradation of the PAX3-FOXO1 chimeric oncoprotein. On this basis, we embarked on a preclinical validation of PLK1 as a target in a xenograft mouse model of aRMS, where the PLK1 inhibitor BI 2536 reduced PAX3-FOXO1-mediated gene expression and elicited tumor regression. Clinically, analysis of human aRMS tumor biopsies documented high PLK1 expression to offer prognostic significance for both event-free survival and overall survival. Taken together, these preclinical studies validate the PLK1-PAX3-FOXO1 axis as a rational target to treat aRMS.
Side of origin of epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: W. S. Lowry, R. J. Atkinson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

time to take effect.Our patients described their recovery in terms of a "cracked mirror" 10-15 minutes after the injection.Angiography was performed 60 minutes after injection and showed complete reopening.With regard to the adverse side effects mentioned by Pandit and Tiamiyu, cardiac arrhythmias were reported after longer administra- tion of higher doses of steroids (4x 30 mg/kg daily),' not after a single 1000 mg bolus, which is not a massive dose.Steroids are an effective measure against anaphylactic shock.4Are anaphy- lactoid reactions to steroids really common?We tried to show the effect of steroids on vessel walls and offered angiographic evidence that occluded vessels became completely perfused 60 minutes later.A steroid bolus seems to us to be a suitable emergency treatment that does not inter- fere with other drugs for this condition.Any other treatment may be given simultaneously or after- wards.
Incidence of diabetes in children
Authors: P. A McKinney, G. Law, A. S Staines, H J. Bodansky
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Emma Wadsworth and colleagues report the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children under 5 years in the British Isles.1 Their data suggest that the incidence remained stable over four years. The use of “snapshot” years to address the question of potentially increasing incidence must have limited value, even over a large geographical area, when random variation substantially affects annual numbers.

The population based Yorkshire children's diabetes register includes 1650 children and for the years 1978-90 is 97% complete.2 …
In septic shock, MAP targets of 80 to 85 mm Hg vs 65 to 70 mm Hg did not differ for 28-day mortality
Authors: B. Taylor Thompson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

ACP Journal Club15 July 2014In septic shock, MAP targets of 80 to 85 mm Hg vs 65 to 70 mm Hg did not differ for 28-day mortalityB. Taylor Thompson, MDB. Taylor Thompson, MDMassachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (B.T.T.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-161-2-201407150-02007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationAsfar P, Meziani F, Hamel JF, et al; SEPSISPAM Investigators. High versus low blood-pressure target in patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1583-93. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24635770Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Infectious Disease: Critical Care: References1 Finfer S, Bellomo R, Boyce N, et al; SAFE Study Investigators. A comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2247-56. [PMID: 15163774] Google Scholar2 Finfer S, McEvoy S, Bellomo R, et al; SAFE Study Investigators. Impact of albumin compared to saline on organ function and mortality of patients with severe sepsis. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37:86-96. [PMID: 20924555] Google Scholar3 Delaney AP, Dan A, McCaffrey J, Finfer S. The role of albumin as a resuscitation fluid for patients with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2011;39:386-91. [PMID: 21248514] Google Scholar4 Russell JA. Is there a good MAP for septic shock? N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1649-51. [PMID: 24635771] Google Scholar5 Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, et al; Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee including the Pediatric Subgroup. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med. 2013;41:580-637. [PMID: 23353941] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (B.T.T.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 July 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIn patients with severe sepsis, adding albumin to crystalloid solution did not reduce 28- or 90-day mortality B. Taylor Thompson Metrics 15 July 2014Volume 161, Issue 2Page: JC7KeywordsAlbuminsHypertensionResuscitationSafetySepsisVasopressors ePublished: 15 July 2014 Issue Published: 15 July 2014 CopyrightCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Causation of Sudden Death
Authors: R. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1947)

One of the duties of a procurator-fiscal in Scotland is to investigate all case& of death from any form of violence, as well as all sudden deaths and deaths from unknown or suspicious causes. In most cases this is done by private inquiry?though provision is made by statute for fuller inquiry into certain deaths from industrial accidents and other causes?a procedure possessing certain advantages over the coroner's inquest. Part of the procedure initiated by the procurator-fiscal is an examination of the body by the casualty police surgeon, with or without a necropsy, and this note is based on an investigation to elucidate the cause of 1,694 cases of sudden, violent, and suspicious death from 1931 to 1945.
What Physician-Investigators Owe Patients Who Participate in Research
Authors: Paul Litton, Franklin G. Miller
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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