tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bariatric Surgery Improves the Metabolic Profile of Morbidly Obese Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Stacy A. Brethauer, Ali Aminian, Raul J. Rosenthal, John P. Kirwan, Sangeeta R. Kashyap, Philip R. Schauer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

A growing body of evidence has demonstrated significant and sustained improvement in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery. However, there are limited data on the impact of bariatric surgery in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Only fewer than 10 cases of bariatric surgery in patients with T1D have been reported in the literature, which show a significant weight reduction and improvement in glycemic control (1–3). A recent experimental study in a rat model of spontaneous development of T1D has also shown that a particular type of gastrointestinal bypass (duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery) lowers blood glucose concentration within 2 days after surgery (4). The aim of this study was to assess the metabolic outcomes, including the glycemic status, of patients with T1D after bariatric surgery.

Clinical outcomes and metabolic parameters of 10 morbidly obese patients with poorly controlled T1D who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery between 5 January 2005 and 12 …
Paracervical block with low doses of chloroprocaine. Fetal and maternal effects
Authors: N. I. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Results of 261 paracervical blocks done with a dose of 12 ml of 1% chloroprocaine hydrochloride solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine were recorded. The blocks were followed by abnormal heart rate patterns for 3 to 15 minutes in six of 104 (5.8%) of the fetuses. Excellent pain relief was obtained with 142 of 172 blocks or 83%. One fetus died owing to multiple congenital anomalies. Paracervical blocks performed as described are completely safe for the mother and do not affect Apgar scores. Potential fetal risks are acceptable when considered in light of the ease of administration and the amount of pain relief obtained. (<i>JAMA</i>231:56-57, 1975)
Diet and Kidney Stones
Authors: Julie R. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Kidney and bladder stones cause excruciating pain, tend to recur, and are distressingly common. Roughly 10 percent of persons in the United States will have at least one stone in the course of their lives. The disorder has a long history. Stones have been found in Egyptian mummies and have been mentioned in histories of Babylonia and ancient China. Even the word “lithotomy” is from ancient Greek. Physicians at the medical school at Knidos, in Asia Minor, described renal colic with great clarity around the fifth century b.c. Indeed, the Hippocratic Oath specifically mentions stones. In recent years, much has . . .
Thermographic changes in keyboard operators with chronic forearm pain
Authors: S D Sharma, E M Smith, B L Hazleman, J R Jenner
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To examine whether short stature through childhood represents a disadvantage at around 12 years.Design: Longitudinal non-intervention study of the physical and psychological development of children recruited from the community in 1986-7 after entry into primary school at age 5-6 years; this is the second psychometric assessment made in 1994-5 after entry into secondary school at age 11-13 years.Setting: Southampton and Winchester health districts.Subjects: 106 short normal children ( < 3rd centile for height when recruited) and 119 controls of average stature (10th-90th centile).Main outcome measures: Psychometric measures of cognitive development, self concept development, behaviour, and locus of control.Results: The short children did not differ significantly from the control children on measures of self esteem (19.4 v 20.2), self perception (104.2 v 102.4), parents' perception (46.9 v 47.0), or behaviour (6.8 v 5.3).The short children achieved significantly lower scores on measures of intelligence quotient (IQ) (102.6 v 108.6;P < 0.005), reading attainment (44.3 v 47.9; P < 0.002), and basic number skills (40.2 v 43.5; P < 0.003) and displayed less internalisation of control (16.6 v 14.3; P < 0.001) and less satisfaction with their height (P < 0.0001).More short than control children, however, came from working class homes (P < 0.05).Social class was a better predictor than height of all measures except that of body satisfaction.Attainment scores were predicted by class and IQ together rather than by height.Height accounted for some of the variance in IQ and locus of control scores.Conclusions: These results provide only limited support for the hypothesis that short children are disadvantaged, at least up until 11-13 years old.Social class seems to have more influence than height on children's psychological development.
B-vitamin supplements did not reduce vascular events in patients with recent stroke or TIA
Authors: David Barer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation VITATOPS Trial Study Group. B vitamins in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or stroke in the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) trial: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:855-65. 20688574
Redeeming Comic Value?-Reply
Authors: Arno Vosk
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —An unexpected benefit of writing the aforementioned article has been the delightful and interesting responses, verbal and written, that it has elicited and that have renewed my appreciation for the ability of practitioners of a profession as inherently serious as medicine to still find humor in their professional lives. What Dr Temianka may have been too offended to notice is that my article did have a serious purpose, which was to point out the absurdity of a system that really does reward institutions for doing as little as possible for their patients. It was also, among other things, an attempt to show how pecuniary considerations can so distort the relationship between physicians and hospital administrators that ridiculous consequences may follow. My hope in writing it was that it might give just a little encouragement to people who are trying to think of less simplistic and more sophisticated and
Refinement of IKZF1 status in pediatric Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: T Lana, P de Lorenzo, S Bresolin, I Bronzini, M L den Boer, H Cavé, E Froňková, M Stanulla, M Zaliova, C J Harrison, H de Groot, M G Valsecchi, A Biondi, G Basso, G Cazzaniga, G te Kronnie
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
TWO CASES OF LINDAU'S DISEASE
Authors: W. T. Collier
Journal: BMJ (1931)

CASE IIIMargaret T., aged 6, had suffered occasionally from earache prior to removal of tonsils and adenoids.A month after the operation, severe earache in left ear.Left tympanic membrane was red and bulging, and was therefore incised.The ear discharged freely, but pain continued and was accompanied by rise of temperature to 1000 each afternoon, fallinig to normal in morniing.No rigors.Alastoidectomy revealed a little muco-pus in cells and aIntrum, and also swollen red mfucosa.Lateral sinus was exposed, and, although it appeared healthv, was incised; it bled freely and contained n10 clot, although the wall was thicker than is usual.As the lower endil did not bleed, after packing off the upper encd the jugular vein was ligatured in the ineck.The case wN,as regarded as a thrombosis of the jugular bull).Notwithstanding those measures, the daily rise of temperature continued.It was
Doctors and climatic change
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Doctors are failing to understand that the world is changing around them in a way that must fundamentally alter their thinking about health and disease. They have not grasped that the world may be approaching the point at which it can no longer support the growing population and its need for food, water, and energy. If doctors are serious about their commitment to the health of populations they will need to pay a great deal more attention to overpopulation, environmental destruction, and militarism. This apocalyptic message came earlier this month from Professor Tony McMichael of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine at a conference on climatic change and human health organised by Medact, the British organisation that concerns itself with the major threats to global health and security.

The greenhouse effect is caused by gases in the upper atmosphere trapping long wave radiation and so raising the temperature of the earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is one of those gases, and its concentration has risen exponentially since the beginning of the industrial revolution. In 1800 it was about 280 parts per million, which it had been for tens of thousands of years, but now it is about 340 parts per million and still rising. By 2100 it will lie somewhere between 420 and 2240 parts per million. We know, explained Kathy Maskell from the Meteorological Office, that it will rise, but how far it will rise …
Effect of caffeine on recognition of and physiological responses to hypoglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetes
Authors: K Debrah, J Murphy, D Kerr, R.S Sherwin
Journal: The Lancet (1996)

Background For the patient with diabetes, hypoglycaemia unawareness&mdash;ie, the warning signs of falling blood glucose are missing&mdash;is potentially dangerous.One study has suggested that, in healthy volunteers, caffeine might be a helpful treatment.Our study looked at two effects of caffeine ingestion (250 mg) on the brain&mdash;namely, a decrease in cerebral blood flow and an increase in brain glucose use&mdash;to see if the recognition of and physiological responses to hypoglycaemia were altered in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).Methods 12patients were studied twice.A hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp was used to maintain plasma glucose at 5 mmol/L for 90 min, followed by 60 min at 3&middot;8 mmol/L, and then 2&middot;8 mmol/L for a further hour.After 30 min at 5 mmol/L, patients consumed, in a double-blind, crossover design, 250 mg caffeine or matched placebo.We recorded middle cerebral artery velocity (VMCA), counterregulatory hormone levels, and cognitive function, and patients recorded hypoglycaemia symptoms on a visual analogue scale.Results Caffeine caused an immediate and sustained fall in VMCA of 10 cm/s, from 60 to 50 cm/s (95% Cl -5 to -15 cm/s; p<0&middot;001).At a blood glucose of 3&middot;8 mmol/L, plasma adrenaline levels were twice as high after caffeine than after placebo (difference 524 pmol/L).When glucose was lowered to 2&middot;8 mmol/L, caffeine ingestion was associated with: greater awareness of hypoglycaemia in 9 patients, significantly more intense autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms, and higher levels of adrenaline, cortisol, and growth hormone.Cognitive function (latency of P300 evoked potentials) deteriorated to the same extent in both studies at this glucose level.Interpretation The sustained fall in VMCA and augmented sympathoadrenal and symptomatic responses during moderate hypoglycaemia suggest caffeine as a potentially useful treatment for diabetic patients who have difficulty recognising the onset of hypoglycaemia.
Alterations in nerve and muscle compound action potentials after acute acrylamide administration.
Authors: R J Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The early deficits of neurotoxicity induced by acrylamide were examined in rats by comparing nerve and muscle action potentials before and 24 hr after exposure to acrylamide (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg). No changes were seen in the nerve action potential amplitude or duration. The 25 mg/kg dose produced a more variable nerve conduction velocity. There was also a significant broadening of the muscle compound action potential. Neither of these effects were seen in the fasted controls. However, the lengthening of the relative refractory period of the muscle action potential was highly correlated with losses in body weight in the treatment groups and was identical to changes seen in control animals which were fasted for 24 hr. The slowed conduction of the muscle action potential may be a precursor of the nerve terminal damage which results from chronic exposure. Changes in the muscle refractory period, on the other hand, appear to be secondary to the loss in body weight which accompanies acrylamide administration.
EXTERNAL CRICODYNIA: ITS CONTROL THROUGH THE NASAL (SPHENOPALATINE OR MECKEL'S) GANGLION
Authors: Greenfield Sluder
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>Case 1.</h3> —For twenty years I have occasionally treated a man, now 55 years old, for acute inflammatory attacks in the lower pharynx, larynx and upper windpipe. His history is otherwise negative, save that he is underweight and not as strong as most men. In each of probably a dozen attacks he complained of a painful spot at the cricoid cartilage, in the external neck, with tenderness to slight pressure. I construed this to be a slight external perichondritis. It has always disappeared with recovery from the inflammatory attack. <h3>Case 2.</h3> —Two years ago I had a case identical with the foregoing in a man then 40 years of age. Eight years ago he had a tuberculous disease of the lumbar spine which confined him to bed in a plaster-of-Paris jacket for six months, since which he has been strong and well. His history is otherwise negative. For twenty-five years
Differential metabolic responses to pluronic in MDR and non-MDR cells: A novel pathway for chemosensitization of drug resistant cancers
Authors: Daria Yu. Alakhova, Nataliya Y. Rapoport, Elena V. Batrakova, Alexander A. Timoshin, Shu Li, David Nicholls, Valery Yu. Alakhov, Alexander V. Kabanov
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Drug doping in senior Australian rules football: a survey for frequency.
Authors: K J Hardy, J J McNeil, A G Capes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

OBJECTIVES: To determine by survey whether the frequency of use of performance enhancing drugs (drug doping) is significant in elite players of Australian Rules football, and to compare this frequency with that in other competitions. METHODS: Randomised unannounced prospective urine testing during the period 1990-95 of players from the Australian Football League out of competition, in competition matches, and in finals matches; testing was performed according to Olympic International Committee protocols and standards. The players' identities and clubs were unknown during testing. RESULTS: Of 900 random urine tests, no positive results were obtained for anabolic steroids, diuretics, caffeine, or peptide hormones. Five positive results (0.6%) were obtained-for pseudoephedrine in two instances, and for probenecid, methoxyphenamine, and dextropropoxyphene in one instance each. Each were inadvertent medical doping and declared before testing. CONCLUSIONS: Drug doping is not a problem in the Australian Football League. This is probably because no doping method is considered to be of value to Australian Rules football, because an educational programme is run by football authorities, and because random during season and out of season testing for drugs occurs.
Neutrophil maturation and hypersegmentation promoted in normal bone marrow by a carcinoma‐elaborated protein factor
Authors: Steven C. Bailey, Jonathan F. Head, Olga Greengard
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract In rats with subcutaneously transplanted mammary carcinoma 5A (MC) and 2 to 10‐fold elevations in the blood content of mature neutrophils, 30–50% of the neutrophils showed pronounced hypersegmentation. This phenomenon could be reproduced in liquid culture of bone marrow cells from normal (tumor‐free) animals by 48 hr incubation with the MC host's serum, or with MC‐conditioned medium whose activity was attributable to an over 50,000 MW protein. The effects in vitro, occurring without change in total cell number and accompanied by increases in γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, included decreases in the percents of progenitors (myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes and bands) and an increase in mature neutrophils 50% of which exhibited obvious hypersegmentation. Much less if any neutrophil hypersegmentation, and no statistically significant decrease in immature cells, occurred in response to the several colony stimulating factors (CSFs) tested, although (in addition to inducing GGT and AP) some CSFs did cause an increase in mature neutrophils. These investigations demonstrate the efficacy of a MC‐elaborated blood‐borne protein to promote myeloid cell maturation, and describe a system for the first time in which neutrophil hypersegmentation can be studied in vitro.
What does body configuration in microgravity tell us about the contribution of intra- and extrapersonal frames of reference for motor control?
Authors: F. Lestienne, M. Ghafouri, F. Thullier
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The authors report that the reorganization of body configuration during weightlessness is based on an intrapersonal frame of reference such as the configuration of the support surface and the position of the body's center of gravity. These results stress the importance of “knowledge” of the state of internal geometric structures, which cannot be directly signalled by specific receptors responsible for direct dialogue with the physical external world.
The Scope of State Sanatoria.
Authors: Vincent Y. Bowditch
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Boston, Mass. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The editorials ofThe Journal, as now conducted, always merit the thoughtful attention of the profession at large. In your edition of May 21, however, one appears, the sentiments of which are so at variance with the ideas of those who have had much experience with sanatorium treatment of phthisis that I feel impelled to send my protest, lest silence from those most interested be interpreted as consent to the views given. Just so far as the article advocates the establishment of hospitals for the advanced and hopeless cases within easy access of our great cities and towns, I am heartily in accord with it. At every opportunity, whether public or private, I have urged the pressing necessity of such establishments. I have even gone so far as to oppose the further enlargement at present of the large institution at Rutland, which is not intended
Surgical resection vs. percutaneous ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: A preliminary report of the Japanese nationwide survey
Authors: Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Masatoshi Makuuchi, Tadatoshi Takayama, Norihiro Kokudo, Shigeki Arii, Masatoshi Okazaki, Kiwamu Okita, Masao Omata, Masatoshi Kudo, Masamichi Kojiro, Yasuni Nakanuma, Kenichi Takayasu, Morito Monden, Yutaka Matsuyama, Iwao Ikai
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Efficacy of laser treatment of tattoos using lasers emitting wavelengths of 532 nm, 755 nm and 1064 nm
Authors: B.M. Prinz, S.R. Vavricka, P. Graf, G. Burg, R. Dummer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Multifunctional laser devices can be used to treat tattoos successfully.To report the efficacy of laser treatment in professional, amateur, accidental and permanent make-up tattoos from our own experience and to compare it with the literature.We retrospectively studied 74 consecutive patients with professional, amateur, make-up and accidental tattoos between June 1998 and November 2000. Patients were treated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (wavelengths of 532 nm and 1064 nm), a Q-switched alexandrite laser (755 nm) and a variable pulse Nd:YAG laser (532 nm).Fourteen patients (19%) achieved a complete response (>95% lightening of treated tattoos), 23 (31%) an excellent response (76-95% lightening) and 21 (28%) a good response (51-75% lightening). Sixteen patients (22%) showed only a slight improvement (< or =50% lightening). Make-up tattoos and blue-black professional tattoos were most successfully treated. Multicoloured professional tattoos needed more treatments (mean +/- SD 5.7 +/- 5.4) in comparison with single-colour tattoos (3.5 +/- 2.0). The amateur tattoos needed fewer treatments (2.8 +/- 1.1) in comparison with professional tattoos. With accidental tattoos the results depended on the particles which had penetrated the skin. In contrast to literature reports, newer tattoos showed a trend to better treatment results than older tattoos.Using modern Q-switched lasers, tattoos are removed successfully with minimal risk of scarring and permanent pigmentary alterations. Even multicoloured tattoos can be treated successfully and with a low rate of side-effects.
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON A PATHOGENIC MOULD FORMERLY DESCRIBED AS A PROTOZOON (COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS, COCCIDIOIDES PYOGENES)
Authors: W. Ophüls
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1905)

FROM THE PRECEDING I DERIVE THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS: 1. The disease which formerly has been described as a form of protozoon-infection is due to an infection with a pathogenic fungus. 2. The infection may primarily be either a cutaneous or a pulmonary one. 3. The lesions produced by this fungus fall under the general head of infectious granulomata and consist partly in nodules resembling altogether those produced by the tubercle bacilli and partly in chronic abscesses. 4. The adult forms of the parasite are more apt to produce nodules, the sporulating forms abscesses. 5. The fungus is pathogenic for dogs, rabbits and guinea-pigs probably other animals also, and in them produces lesions very similar to those which we encounter in the human being in this disease. 6. Supurative periorchitis in guinea-pigs is not pathognomonic for glanders.
Reengineering Translational Science: The Time Is Right
Authors: Francis S. Collins
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

Despite dramatic advances in the molecular pathogenesis of disease, translation of basic biomedical research into safe and effective clinical applications remains a slow, expensive, and failure-prone endeavor. To pursue opportunities for disruptive translational innovation, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) intends to establish a new entity, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). The mission of NCATS is to catalyze the generation of innovative methods and technologies that will enhance the development, testing, and implementation of diagnostics and therapeutics across a wide range of diseases and conditions. The new center's activities will complement, and not compete with, translational research being carried out at NIH and elsewhere in the public and private sectors.
Durable donor engraftment after radioimmunotherapy using α-emitter astatine-211–labeled anti-CD45 antibody for conditioning in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Yun Chen, Brian Kornblit, Donald K. Hamlin, George E. Sale, Erlinda B. Santos, D. Scott Wilbur, Barry E. Storer, Rainer Storb, Brenda M. Sandmaier
Journal: Blood (2011)