tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Art?
Authors: Peter Scher
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

In his article ‘Evidence-based Art?’ (June 2001 JRSM, pp. 306-307), Professor Michael Baum dismisses the Exeter Evaluation as ‘Essentially, staff and patients were asked whether they liked the environment and whether or not their life was enriched by the beautiful things that surrounded them’. We did not ask these or any other such ill-formulated questions.

Admittedly we made opinion surveys and not the randomized controlled trials so beloved of clinical scientists. I do not believe that art alone in healthcare settings can treat disease in the way that interventions with drugs, surgery and, indeed, professional art therapy do. Therefore clinical trials are inappropriate in this field. Research and the collection of sound evidence is nonetheless in very short supply and the Exeter Evaluation was the first truly independent work to establish a full factual description of every aspect of a major hospital art project.

The polarization of ‘strict scientific empiricists and fuzzy-logic experientialists’ described by Michael Baum is the problem, not the solution he seems content with when he states that ‘The value of art and music are givens in our culture’. He offers as examples hospital chapels and the room of Mark Rothko paintings at Tate Modern. Chapels, atrium galleries, entrance halls, corridors, stairways and waiting rooms in hospitals are now commonly adorned with art but these are not places exclusive to hospitals and certainly not the sites of treatment and care. Such places are wards, consulting, examination and treatment rooms, imaging rooms, delivery suites, intensive-care units, rooms for dialysis, chemotherapy, physiotherapy and radiotherapy and so on. Some clinical staff believe that these areas should be clean, sterile and stripped down for high-tech medicine and there is surely a debate to be held about this.

The debate must hinge upon evidence, not merely the assertion in Michael Baum's article that ‘the life-enhancing value of fine art is common experience’ which, like his references to Mozart and Raoul Dufy, in my view quite misses the point. We will continue to collect evidence with the same objectivity that we recognize and respect in the work of clinical scientists and we are keen that they join with us in constructive debate.
Ulcer Formation and Associated Tumor Production in Multiple Sites Within the Stomach and Duodenum of Rats Treated With &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Methyl-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-nitro-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-nitrosoguanidine&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Michihito Takahashi, Tomoyuko Shirai, Shoji Fukushima, Nobuyuki Ito, Takeshi Kokubo, Fumio Furukawa, Yasushi Kurata
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The effect of ulcers on the development of gastric tumors by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was studied in male Wistar rats. Ulcers were produced by the application of a steel rod, 5 mm in diameter and frozen at −78°C, to the serosal surface of the forestomach, fundus, pylorus, or proximal duodenum. The existence of the ulcers at these areas was confirmed 1 week later in a preliminary experiment. Experimental groups were given MNNG in their drinking water at a concentration of 100 pg/ml for 16 weeks beginning 7 days after the ulcers developed. Administration of MNNG after ulceration resulted in a relative increase in the tumor incidences at each ulcer site, especially the proximal duodenum, which suggested that regenerating cells in the duodenum were the most susceptible cells among the cells of the four sites. The increase in tumor incidence following ulceration may be due to exposure of MNNG to a greater number of regenerating cells during the renewalprocess that seem to be more responsive to carcinogenic influences than normal cells.
Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide: A Highly Effective Cytoreduction and Peripheral-Blood Progenitor-Cell Mobilization Regimen for Transplant-Eligible Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Craig H. Moskowitz, Joseph R. Bertino, Jill R. Glassman, Eric E. Hedrick, Sonia Hunte, Nancy Coady-Lyons, David B. Agus, Andre Goy, Joseph Jurcic, Ariela Noy, James O'Brien, Carol S. Portlock, David S. Straus, Barrett Childs, Richard Frank, Joachim Yahalom, Daniel Filippa, Diane Louie, Stephen D. Nimer, Andrew D. Zelenetz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To evaluate a chemotherapy regimen that consisted of ifosfamide administered as an infusion with bolus carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) supported by granuloctye colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for cytoreduction and stem-cell mobilization in transplant-eligible patients with primary refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty-three transplant-eligible patients with relapsed or primary refractory NHL were treated from October 1993 to December 1997 with ICE chemotherapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Administration of three cycles of ICE chemotherapy was planned at 2-week intervals. Peripheral-blood progenitor cells were collected after cycle 3, and all patients who achieved a partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) to ICE chemotherapy were eligible to proceed to transplantation. Event-free and overall survival, ICE-related toxicity, and the number of CD34 + cells collected after treatment with ICE and G-CSF were evaluated. RESULTS: All 163 patients were assessable for response, and there was no treatment-related mortality. A major response (CR/PR) was evident in 108 patients (66.3%); 89% of the responding patients underwent successful transplantation. Patient who underwent transplantation and achieved a CR to ICE had a superior overall survival to that of patients who achieved a PR (65% v 30%; P = .003). The median number of CD34 + cells/kg collected was 8.4 × 10 6 . The dose-limiting toxicity of ICE was hematologic, with 29.4% of patients developing grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia. There were minimal nonhematologic side effects. CONCLUSION: ICE chemotherapy, with ifosfamide administered as a 24-hour infusion to decrease CNS side effects, and the substitution of carboplatin for cisplatin to minimize nephrotoxicity, is a very effective cytoreduction and mobilization regimen in patients with NHL. Furthermore, the quality of the clinical response to ICE predicts for posttransplant outcome.
Development and Pilot Testing of the Cutaneous Lupus Screening Tool
Authors: Christina Lam, Stephanie W. Liu, Henry B. Townsend, Alisa N. Femia, Abrar A. Qureshi, Ruth Ann Vleugels
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) experience significant morbidity and poor quality of life. In the absence of a dermatologist’s examination, no reliable tool exists to confirm whether a patient has CLE for use in epidemiologic studies. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether the Cutaneous Lupus Screening (CLUSE) tool can detect cases of CLE by measuring its performance in individuals with dermatologist-diagnosed CLE compared with individuals without CLE. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> The CLUSE tool is a novel, self-administered questionnaire with 15 closed-ended questions derived from the Delphi method. It includes features of disease validation for CLE as well as its most common phenotypes. This pilot study was administered during a 1-year period (July 1, 2011, to June 30, 2012) in outpatient dermatology clinics at an academic medical center. Data analysis was performed July 1, 2012, to November 30, 2013. Participants were individuals 18 years or older who had a definitive diagnosis of CLE or any other non-CLE dermatologic condition as established by a board-certified dermatologist. Eligible patients were recruited consecutively, and no individual approached declined to participate. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Sensitivity and specificity of the individual questions from the CLUSE tool in predicting CLE, comparisons between summary scores for the dichotomous questions between the CLE cases and non-CLE controls, and 9 scoring algorithms that assign a diagnosis of CLE and its subtypes depending on an individual’s response to each question. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 133 patients were given the CLUSE tool; 16 participants were excluded. Responses from 117 individuals were collected for analysis and included 24 CLE cases and 93 non-CLE cases. In the 117 questionnaires analyzed, mean (SD) and median (interquartile range) CLUSE scores differed in the CLE (5.6 [2.1] and 5.5 [3-10], respectively) vs non-CLE (0.96 [1.6] and 0 [0-7], respectively) groups (all<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Of the 9 algorithms, algorithm 9, used for diagnosing CLE regardless of subtype, demonstrated the highest sensitivity (87.5%) and high specificity (96.8%). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> A combination of questions and representative photographs can ascertain cases of CLE with high sensitivity and specificity. The CLUSE tool is a brief, self-administered questionnaire with low respondent burden used for the identification of CLE. In the future, this questionnaire will be administered to large, established patient databases to gather epidemiologic data on this disease.
MicroRNA-155–deficient dendritic cells cause less severe GVHD through reduced migration and defective inflammasome activation
Authors: Sophia Chen, Benjamin A. H. Smith, Joseena Iype, Alessandro Prestipino, Dietmar Pfeifer, Sebastian Grundmann, Annette Schmitt-Graeff, Marco Idzko, Yvonne Beck, Gabriele Prinz, Jürgen Finke, Justus Duyster, Robert Zeiser
Journal: Blood (2015)
The Glycosphingolipids of Human Astrocytomas
Authors: B. L. Bauer, R. Jennemann, A. Rodden, H.-D. Mennel, H. Wiegandt
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1991)

The spectrum of glycosphingolipids (GSL*) to be found on the outer surface of essentially every animal cell is exquisitely sensitive to that cell's general biological status; it reflects whether the cell: comes from an insect or a mammal from a brain or from the blood and whether that cell is benign or malignant (1). The neutral glycosphingolipids as well as their acidic counterparts, the sulfatides and the gangliosides, all contribute to the cell surface's biological and immunological identity. In most of the papers included in this volume very specific questions have been asked of transformed cells. Issues such as to the presence or absence of growth factor receptors on cells as well as the kinetic parameters of such receptors are certainly of importance for an understanding of malignant growth. Our approach, however, has been of a more general nature. We have restated and refined the question of how the glycosphingolipid composition of nervous tissue changes as tumors develop (2), and in particular, whether these changes could be exploited to increase the accuracy in the histological diagnoses of stereotactically removed brain tumor biopsies weighing less than a milligram.
Multi-scale analysis of imaging features to study exacerbation susceptible COPD
Authors: Felix J.S. Bragman, Jamie R. McClelland, Dave J. Hawkes, John R. Hurst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Despite advances in imaging, the link between the distribution of disease and pathophysiology of exacerbations in COPD is unknown.  We hypothesised that a new method, using regional analysis of CT-derived imaging features representing lung structure and physiology, can track exacerbation susceptible phenotypes.  The study was performed on CT images of GOLD 3 patients from the COPDGene study with exacerbation frequencies of 0 and >6 per year (both n=8). The groups had mean age 67.5 and 60.2 years, FEV 1  %predicted 40.5 and 42.1 and FEV 1 /FVC 42.4 and 47.2 respectively.  Registration of paired breath-hold images was used to derive 27 features, representing tissue structure and function over the full lung and individual lobes. These included the mean volume change (determinant Jacobian), anisotropy in strain (Var(e)), an overall measure of strain magnitude (∑(e)) and tissue density (voxel intensity).  We observed marked differences between features at the lobar level, principally within lower lobes yet no significance at the whole lung scale.  These pilot data suggest that regional alterations in lung structure and function can be detected, which may inform on COPD exacerbation susceptibility.
e-Cigarette Use and Subsequent Tobacco Use by Adolescents
Authors: Nancy A. Rigotti
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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Highly active antiretroviral therapy–related immune recovery in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis11The authors do not have any proprietary interest in any product mentioned in the text.
Authors: J.Christopher Macdonald, Marietta P Karavellas, Francesca J Torriani, Lawrence S Morse, Irene L Smith, J.Brian Reed, William R Freeman
Journal: Ophthalmology (2000)
Two chromosomally located qnrB variants, qnrB6 and the new qnrB16, in Citrobacter spp. isolates causing bacteraemia
Authors: J. Sanchez-Cespedes, S. Marti, S.M. Soto, V. Alba, C. Melción, M. Almela, F. Marco, J. Vila
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Activation of invariant natural killer T cells impedes liver regeneration by way of both IFN-γ- and IL-4-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Shi Yin, Hua Wang, Adeline Bertola, Dechun Feng, Ming-jiang Xu, Yan Wang, Bin Gao
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a major subset of lymphocytes found in the liver. These cells mediate various functions, including hepatic injury, fibrogenesis, and carcinogenesis. However, the function of iNKT cells in liver regeneration remains unclear. In the present study, partial hepatectomy (PHx) was used to study liver regeneration. α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a specific ligand for iNKT cells, was used to induce iNKT cell activation. After PHx, two strains of iNKT cell-deficient mice, CD1d(-/-) and Jα281(-/-) mice, showed normal liver regeneration. Injection of α-GalCer before or after PHx, which rapidly stimulated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-4 production by iNKT cells, markedly inhibited liver regeneration. In vitro treatment with IFN-γ inhibited hepatocyte proliferation. In agreement with this in vitro finding, genetic disruption of IFN-γ or its downstream signaling molecule signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 significantly abolished the α-GalCer-mediated inhibition of liver regeneration. In vitro exposure to IL-4 did not affect hepatocyte proliferation, but surprisingly, genetic ablation of IL-4 or its downstream signaling molecule STAT6 partially eliminated the inhibitory effect of α-GalCer on liver regeneration. Further studies revealed that IL-4 contributed to α-GalCer-induced iNKT cell expansion and IFN-γ production, thereby inhibiting liver regeneration. iNKT cells play a minor role in controlling liver regeneration after PHx under healthy conditions. Activation of iNKT cells by α-GalCer induces the production of IFN-γ, which directly inhibits liver regeneration, and IL-4, which indirectly attenuates liver regeneration by stimulating iNKT cell expansion and IFN-γ production.
Late-breaking abstract: Sweetening antibiotic treatment for eradication of bacteria biofilm
Authors: Hui Xin Ong, Ching-Yee Loo, Wing Hin Lee, Daniela Traini, Cynthia Whitchurch, Paul Young
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Cystic fibrosis is characterised by hyperviscous mucus production that results in cycles of infection and inflammation. Recent studies have suggested the use of carbon sources, such as mannitol, to stimulate the metabolic activity of persister cells and restore their susceptibility to antibiotics.    Aims:  The current study aims to establish a representative model of   Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa)  biofilm lung infection and investigate the effects of aerosolised mannitol on antibiotic efficacy, focusing on ciprofloxacin, in the eradication of the biofilm.   Method:  A thin biofilm was cultured onto Snapwell inserts that was incorporated into a pharmacopeia deposition apparatus, the Anderson Cascade Impactor. Three formulations were nebulised directly onto the Pa biofilm, including: mannitol only, ciprofloxacin only and ciprofloxacin and mannitol combined. Antibacterial effectiveness was evaluated using colony-forming units (CFU) counts and scanning electron microscopy.    Results:  Nebulisation of mannitol promotes the dispersion of the bacteria from the biofilm and demonstrated an enhancement of the antibacterial efficacy of ciprofloxacin (Fig. 1).    Conclusions:  The development of a representative lung model of bacterial biofilm could potentially be used as a platform for future pre-clinical screening. Furthermore, the co-administration of mannitol and ciprofloxacin could be a potential new strategy to improve antibiotic therapy.
Diagnostic utility of an algorithmic combined use of conventional and EBUS-TBNA in patients with mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy
Authors: Grigorios Stratakos, Phillip Emmanouil, Nikolaos Koufos, Aggeliki Kokkini, Rodoula Triggidou, Irene Karampela, Vlassis Vitsas, Nikolaos Koulouris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  A debate is going on whether conventional TBNA(cTBNA) and EBUS-TBNA are truly competitive or complementary techniques.   Aims and objectives:  We performed a prospective study to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of an algorithm integrating cTBNA and EBUS-TBNA.   Methods:  cTBNA was performed for nodal stations(ns) 4,7 and 10 with size>1.5cm. EBUS-TBNA was performed for ns 2,11 irrespective of size and for ns 4,7 and 10 with a size≤1.5cm or when cTBNA was inconclusive. Mediastinoscopy, surgery or follow up was performed in non diagnostic cases.   Results:  139ns were sampled in 120 patients. cTBNA was performed in 77ns (55.4%) and EBUS-TBNA in 62(44.6%). cTBNA sampled nodes(n) were: 4R(37n-48%), 7(27n-35%), 4L(7n-9.1%), 10R(5n-6.5%) and 10L(1n-1.3%). EBUS-TBNA sampled n were: 2R(4n-6.5%), 4R(20n-32.3%), 4L(6n-9.7%), 7(8n-12.9%), 10R(13n-21%), 10L(3n-4.8%), 11R(4n-6.5%), 11L(4n-6.5%).  Cumulative diagnosis was set by both techniques in 115 ns (82.7%). EBUS was performed as a second procedure in 5 patients (6 stations) without setting an alternative diagnosis. Mediastinoscopy or thoracotomy was performed in 17 non-diagnostic stations (15 patients), resulting to alternative diagnosis in 12(70.6%). Follow up of 5 patients did not reveal an alternative diagnosis. Overall sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy and negative predictive value were: 93%, 94% and 68%.   Conclusion:  Following the proposed algorithm, we used EBUS-TBNA in only 44.6% of cases attaining an overall sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy and negative predictive value of 93%, 94% and 68% respectively. Our algorithm may be further investigated as it can lead to EBUS resources rationalization.
Psoriasis: rationale for targeting interleukin-17
Authors: G. Girolomoni, U. Mrowietz, C. Paul
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Journal Article Psoriasis: rationale for targeting interleukin‐17 Get access G. Girolomoni, G. Girolomoni Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. Mrowietz, U. Mrowietz Department of Dermatology, Psoriasis Center, University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Paul C. Paul Department of Dermatology, Paul Sabatier University, CNRS 5165/INSERM 1065, Toulouse, France Carle Paul. E‐mail: paul.c@chu‐toulouse.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 167, Issue 4, 1 October 2012, Pages 717–724, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11099.x Published: 01 October 2012 Article history Accepted: 30 May 2012 Published: 01 October 2012
Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Scores (PEESS v2.0) identify histologic and molecular correlates of the key clinical features of disease
Authors: Lisa J. Martin, James P. Franciosi, Margaret H. Collins, J. Pablo Abonia, James J. Lee, Kevin A. Hommel, James W. Varni, J. Tommie Grotjan, Michael Eby, Hua He, Keith Marsolo, Philip E. Putnam, Jose M. Garza, Ajay Kaul, Ting Wen, Marc E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Comparison of pulmonary inflammatory responses between intratracheal instillation and inhalation of nanoparticles
Authors: Hiroto Izumi, Yasuo Morimoto, Masanori Horie, Yukiko Yoshiura, Taisuke Tomonaga, Byeong-Woo Lee, Takami Okada, Takako Oyabu, Toshihiko Myojo, Manabu Shimada, Masaru Kubo, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Shinichi Kitajima
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The objectiveof this study is whether or not intratracheal instillation study is useful for screening of harmful effect of nanoparticles before inhalation study. As a first step, we performed inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies using same sample of nanoparticles, and compared with pulmonary inflammation between both studies. Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 ) were used as chemicals with high and low toxicities, respectively. In intratracheal instillation study, rats were exposed to 0.2mg or 1mg of NiO or TiO 2 . In inhalation study, rats were exposed to inhaled NiO or TiO 2  (1.65-1.84 mg/m 3 ) for 4 weeks (6hours/day, 5 days/week). Cell analysis and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed at 3 days and 1month after end of exposure in both studies.  NiO induced total and neutrophil number in BALF and concentration of CINC-1 in both studies. Compared with inhalation studies, the tendency of persistent inflammationis observed in intratracheal instillation study. TiO2 transiently induced neutrophil number in BALF at acute phase (3days) in intratracheal instillation study, however did not induce pulmonary inflammation in inhalation study. Taken together difference in pulmonary response is observed at acute phase in both studies, and it suggested that the pulmonary inflammation is evaluated not only acute phase but also chronic phase.  This work is partially supported by “Development of innovative methodology for safety assessment of industrial nanomaterials by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan.
Gd-AAZTA-MADEC, an improved blood pool agent for DCE-MRI studies on mice on 1 T scanners
Authors: Dario Livio Longo, Francesca Arena, Lorena Consolino, Paolo Minazzi, Simonetta Geninatti-Crich, Giovanni Battista Giovenzana, Silvio Aime
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)