tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Restarting the Arrested Heart
Authors: Felix Feraru
Journal: JAMA (1962)

SEVERAL AUTHORITIES RECOMMEND a sharp blow over the intact precordium as a method of restarting the arrested heart. Actual proof that this is possible is hard to find. Roberts et al. and Brandenburg reported recovery from apparent cardiac standstill after the application of this method, but I have been unable to find any reference furnishing absolute proof that the heart was indeed arrested before the reviving blow was struck. Indeed, in a report by Turk and Glenn, of 44 patients in supposed asystole undergoing emergency thoracotomy for rhythmic cardiac compression, 2 were found to have beating hearts. As Harken has pointed out, circulatory arrest is what is usually diagnosed, because pulse and blood pressure are unobtainable. A simultaneous electrocardiogram may show regular electrical impulses, proving that<i>cardiac</i>arrest has indeed not occurred. The question was of greater import when open thoracotomy was the only method of reviving the arrested heart.
Hirudin reduces death and myocardial (RE)infarction at 6-months: follow-up results of the GUSTO IIb trial
Authors: C.B. Granger, F. Van de Wert, P.W. Armstrong, J. Simes, H. White, C.M. MacAulay, R.M. Califf, E.J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
An Endoscopic Recognition of the Atrophic Border and its Significance in Chronic Gastritis
Authors: K. Kimura, T. Takemoto
Journal: Endoscopy (1969)

The endoscopic atrophic border is a boundary between the pyloric and fundic gland territories, which is endoscopically recognized by discriminating differences in color and height of the gastric mucosa. The existence of superficial gastritis might exaggerate the color and niveau differences, thus making it much easier to recognize the atrophic border. And also, according to the results of precise biopsy taken perpendicularly across the endoscopic atrophic border, it might be the boundary of histological atrophy and non-atrophy. In other words, the endoscopic atrophic border might be the boundary both of gland type and of atrophy. As a supplemental approach, a selective application of congo red method was endoscopically performed, which suggests that this might be a physiological border as well. Additionally, a classification of the atrophic pattern was attempted according to the location of the endoscopic atrophic border in the stomach, which revealed a close relationship with gastric analysis.
THE OUTCOME OF PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR STENT THROMBOSIS CAUSING ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Mehmet Ergelen, Sevket Gorgulu, Huseyin Uyarel, Tugrul Norgaz, Huseyin Aksu, Erkan Ayhan, Zeki Y. Gunaydin, Turgay Isik, Gokhan Cicek, Tuna Tezel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Mechanism of vitamin B12 uptake by erythocytes.
Authors: F P Retief, C W Gottlieb, V Herbert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

Pitney, Beard, and Van Loon (2) and Ostrowski, Skarzynski, and Zak (3) reported in 1954 that vitamin B12 is bound primarily to a-globulin in normal serum.Pitney and his colleagues (2) also noted that p-globulin can bind B12 added in vitro, but they considered this as "free B12" because, un- like B12 bound to a-globulin, Euglena gracilis is able to utilize it without prior heat treatment.Miller (4) showed that B12 added to serum in vitro binds predominantly to a2-and 8-globulin and that this fraction is nondialyzable.Hall and Finkler (5) confirmed the presence of two main B1,-binding globulins in serum, which Miller and Sullivan (6) and Weinstein, Weissman, and Wat- kin (7) had shown to be constituents of the sero- mucoid fraction.Little is known about the transfer of B12 from plasma to tissues.Callender and Lajtha (8) re- ported that partial maturation of megaloblasts in vitro can be produced by cyanocobalamin only when gastric juice or serum is present, thus sug- gesting the importance of a transferring protein.Miller, Raney, and Hunter (9) and Herbert (10) demonstrated that hog intrinsic factor promotes the uptake of B12 by rat liver slices; human serum has a similar effect (11 ).Cooper and Paranchych (12) found mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and HeLa cells able to absorb B12 only in the presence
Research in general practice
Authors: F. Olesen
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In the borderland between health, illness, and disease, general practice assumes a principal role in securing the smooth working of a complex health care system and satisfying the needs of patients, purchasers, and providers alike.1 2 Hence, research needs to draw on theories from humanities (psychology, philosophy, ethics), social sciences (sociology, anthropology), and the organisational sciences as well as medical science. Two recent British reports on research and development in general practice both recognise this need.3 4 A report from the Medical Research Council addresses the important research questions in general practice and covers the developments in infrastructure necessary to support the research. A report from an NHS working group complements this by suggesting strategic principles and specific objectives.

Both reports give comprehensive and well argued proposals for future research. These include biomedical research, such as clinical trials, morbidity surveys, and cohort studies, …
P510Obtention and characterization of acellular myocardial scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering
Authors: I Perea Gil, JJ Uriarte, C Prat-Vidal, C Galvez-Monton, S Roura, A Llucia-Valldeperas, C Soler-Botija, R Farre, D Navajas, A Bayes-Genis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Cardiac tissue engineering emerges as a promising alternative to current therapies addressed to myocardial infarction. In this context, we aimed to obtain and characterize myocardial bioprosthesis based on a decellularized matrix capable of being engrafted in damaged myocardium. Methods: Myocardial blocks (3x3 cm), differentiating epicardial, mesocardial and endocardial regions, were obtained from cadaveric porcine hearts (n=5) and decellularized using two different protocols: Protocol 1 (P1) combines chemical (ionic and non-ionic detergents), enzymatic (DNase) and physical (agitation) treatments, and Protocol 2 (P2) is based on a combination of chemical (non-ionic detergent, acid, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions), enzymatic (trypsin) and physical (agitation) procedures. Decellularization level was assessed histologically (Masson's Trichrome stain and immunohistochemistry) and molecularly (DNA quantification). The resulting acellular structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Extracellular matrix components were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and local matrix stiffness was determined by measuring the Young's modulus with atomic force microscopy. Biodegradability of decellularized matrices was evaluated in vitro with collagenase treatment. Results: Total absence of cells after decellularization was confirmed by Trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry. DNA content was significantly reduced in both protocols (P1: 86.0±1.7%, P2: 96.3±1.1%, compared to native tissue; p<0.001), with significant differences between them (p<0.001). Remarkably, integrity of matrix filaments was preserved due the presence of type-I collagen and elastin. Mechanical testing revealed no significant changes in stiffness of decellularized matrices when compared to native tissue (Native: 27.5±4.9, P1: 33.0±10.7, P2: 40.0±7.1 kPa; p=0.55). The biodegradability assay also confirmed complete degradation of matrices without differences among protocols (Weight loss: P1: 90.1±5.4%, P2: 93.8±5.1%; p=0.19). Finally, non-significant differences were found in epicardial, mesocardial and endocardial decellularized blocks in terms of cells removal, structural, proteical or mechanical characterization. Conclusions: Acellular myocardial matrices were successfully obtained by both decellularization protocols, preserving major structural components so as mechanical and biodegradability properties.Furthermore, trypsin-based protocol (P2) yielded less DNA residues which could contribute to prevent rejection.
Using Middle Upper Arm Circumference to Assess Severe Adult Malnutrition During Famine
Authors: S. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To examine the use of middle upper arm circumference measurement (MUAC [cm]) and body mass index measurement (BMI [kg/m<sup>2</sup>]) in the screening of severely malnourished adults during famine. <h3>Design.</h3> —Nonrandomized cohort study, correlating measurements of MUAC and BMI. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The Concern Worldwide adult feeding center in the village of Ayod in south Sudan. The area had experienced several years of war, leading to severe famine during early 1993. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 98 adult inpatients belonging to the Nuer tribe. Criteria for entry into the study were prior admission to the feeding center and the ability to stand and have a BMI measured. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —A comparison of the ease of use of MUAC and BMI assessments, and a correlation of MUAC and BMI measurements. <h3>Results.</h3> —An MUAC measurement was easier to perform on severely malnourished adults than BMI assessment. For MUAC, the patient could be standing, sitting, or, in extreme cases, lying. For BMI, patients were required to stand. Measuring BMI requires a height board, weighing scales, and mathematical calculations; to measure MUAC, only a tape measure is required. A correlation between measurements of MUAC and BMI was demonstrated (<i>r</i>=0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.92;<i>P</i>&lt;.001). The proportions of the population and the actual individuals identified as malnourished by the 2 indicators were similar. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The MUAC measurement reflects adult nutritional status as defined by BMI. During famine, MUAC may be better suited to screening admissions to adult feeding centers than BMI. Studies to assess the capacity of MUAC cutoffs to predict mortality in severe adult malnutrition are needed.
Economics of PFI in the NHS
Authors: C. Reeves
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Ethnic Malaysian Chinese used to observe the 1-month postpartum confinement period at home and many families would engage a traditional postpartum carer (TPC) to help care for the mother and newborn. A recent trend has been the development of confinement centres (CCs) which are private non-healthcare establishments run by staff not trained in health care. Concerns about hygiene in CCs arose after infections were reported. We describe the practice of hand hygiene observed in CCs, the availability of resources for hygiene and to determine the prevalence of health related problems in CCs. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a cohort study of ethnic Chinese mothers intending to breastfeed their healthy infants. They were recruited post-delivery along with a comparison group who planned to spend their confinement period at home, then all were telephone interviewed after their 1-month confinement period about their experience. To avoid any alteration in behaviour, mothers were not told at recruitment that they had to observe hygiene practices. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of place of confinement on rates of infant health problems. <h3>Results</h3> Of 187 mothers, 88 (47%) went to 27 different CCs while 99 (53%) stayed at home. Response rates for the 1-month interviews were 88% (CC) versus 97% (home). Mothers in CC group stayed in one to four-bedded rooms and 92% of them had their baby sleeping separately in a common nursery described to have up to 17 babies at a time; 74% of them spent less than six hours a day with their babies; 43% noticed that CC staff had inadequate hand hygiene practices; 66% reported no hand-basins in their rooms; 30% reported no soap at hand-basins; 28% reported inexperienced or inadequate staff and 4% reported baby item sharing. Of mothers staying at home, 35% employed a TPC to care for her baby; 32% did not room-in with their babies, but only 11% spent less than 6 hours a day with their babies. 18% of mothers who employed TPCs reported that their TPC had unsatisfactory hand hygiene practices. Health problems that were probably related to infection (HPRI) like fever and cough were similar between the groups: 14% (CC) versus 14% (home) (p=0.86). Multiple logistic regression did not show that CCs were a factor for HPRI: aOR 1.28 (95% CI 0.36 to 4.49). Three mothers reported events that could indicate transmission of infection in CCs. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We found unsatisfactory hygiene practices in CCs as reported by mothers who spent their confinement period there. Although we were not able to establish any direct evidence of infection transmission but based on reports given by the mothers in this study, it is likely to be happening. Therefore, future studies, including intervention studies, are urgently needed to establish an appropriate hygiene standard in CCs as well as the best method to implement this standard. Empowering CC staff with hygiene knowledge so that they can be involved and contribute to the development of the development of these standards would be important.
Clinical comparison of pressure-pulse and indicator-dilution cardiac output determination.
Authors: R M Cundick, R M Gardner
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Two clinical studies of cardiac output determination using the pressure-pulse technique are presented. The Warner pressure-pulse method of estimating cardiac output was compared with the dye-dilution technique in 17 patients. Both the Warner and a variation of the Bourgeosis pressure-pulse methods were compared with thermodilution in 13 patients. The Warner vs dye-dilution comparison resulted in a poor correlation coefficient (r = 0.61). Values for the Warner equation calibration constant (K) were nonstationary, varying with time from --69 to 135% of the initial value in individual patients. When thermodilution was compared with the two methods, the correlation was poor (r = 0.58 for the Warner method; r = 0.50 for the modified Bourgeois method). The Warner and a variation of the Bourgeois pressure-pulse methods for monitoring the cardiac output of critically ill patients with widely varying mean arterial pressures are not sufficiently reliable for clinical decision-making.
The facilitation of a new traction device (S-O clip) assisting endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial colorectal neoplasms
Authors: N. Sakamoto, T. Osada, T. Shibuya, K. Beppu, K. Matsumoto, Y. Shimada, A. Konno, A. Kurosawa, A. Nagahara, T. Ohkusa, T. Ogihara, S. Watanabe
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a recently developed technique, but it is not widely used to treat the colorectum because of its degree of technical difficulty. It is possible that traction of the lesion may facilitate correct visualization of the lesion and make it easier to dissect. Several techniques involving lesion traction have been reported [1] [2] [3] [4]. However, these methods have not been widely employed to date due to difficulty in both lesion fit and ease of use. We therefore designed a new traction device, the "S-O clip (Sakamoto-Osada clip)", for ESD.
Varied clinical morphology of HPV-1-induced warts, depending on anatomical factors
Authors: K. EGAWA, Y. INABA, K. YOSHIMURA, T. ONO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The clinical and histological features of 49 lesions induced by human papillomavirus type 1 (HPV-1) were studied. The majority of cases showed the typical clinical features and location of such lesions. They were usually located on the ventral or lateral surfaces of the hands or feet, and were dome-shaped lesions with a central depression. However, HPV-1-induced lesions located on other body areas displayed different clinical features, such as those of common warts, a digitate wart, and a cutaneous horn. One lesion on a healing burn scar had a herpes-like appearance. As these 49 lesions were induced by the same type of HPV (HPV-1), differences in their clinical features are likely to have been due to host-related factors.
Personalizing Medicine in Geriatric Oncology
Authors: Christine M. Walko, Howard L. McLeod
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Minimizing toxicity while maximizing efficacy is a common goal in the treatment of any condition but its importance is underscored in the discipline of oncology because of the serious nature of many chemotherapeutic toxicities and the risk of cancer recurrence or disease progression. The challenge of achieving an optimal therapeutic index is especially augmented in the elderly population because of age-related metabolism changes and interacting concurrent medications. Additional factors, such as germline mutations in drug-metabolizing enzymes and other pharmacogenomic alterations, may have more pronounced effects in elderly patients, given their predisposition to altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with resulting increased risk of toxicity. Examples of the possible interplay of these factors will be discussed using tamoxifen, paclitaxel, codeine, and fluorouracil as starting points. Limited participation of the elderly in many cancer trials, especially trials assessing drug exposure, makes much knowledge on the interaction of these patient and environmental factors speculative in nature but presents an opportunity for future research to achieve better optimization of chemotherapeutic agents in the elderly.
Propranolol, a very promising treatment for ulceration in infantile hemangiomas: A study of 20 cases with matched historical controls
Authors: Denise Josephina Johanna Hermans, Ingrid Mathilde van Beynum, Leonardus Jan Schultze Kool, Peter Cornelius Maria van de Kerkhof, Marcus Henricus Wilhelmus Andreas Wijnen, Catharina Joanna Maria van der Vleuten
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
"Nonparenteral" Means "Enteric"
Authors: Constantine H. Makris
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Re: Liver Disease in Nonparenteral Drug Abusers (233:964, 1975): As a Greek by birth and quasilinguist by hobby, I should like to challenge the use of the term "nonparenteral" for "other than needle-administered". "Parenteral," as the Greek word is defined and all dictionaries agree, means "other than intestinal (enteric)"; substances administered by inhalation are still "parenteral," since they bypass the gastrointestinal canal. Furthermore, "nonparenteral" would mean "nonnonenteric," or enteric. (Even by algebraic logic, [—a]×[—b]=+ab.) I suggest that authors find another term for "other-than-needle-administered"; what about "nonmechanically invasive?"
Cost of hospital prescribing rose 15% in a year owing to new rheumatoid arthritis and cancer drugs
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The total cost to the NHS in England of prescribed drugs rose by more than £1bn to £14.4bn (€18.2bn; $22.7bn) in 2013-14, new data from the Health and Social Care Information Centre show.1

By far the sharpest rise was in hospital prescribing, where the total spend rose by 15.1% to almost £5.8bn. The total spend in primary care was greater, at almost £8.5bn, but the increase over 2012-13 was smaller, at 3.2%.

The faster rise in hospital spending was attributed to the introduction of innovative drugs, which are more likely to be dispensed in hospitals and which are in general more expensive. Seven prescribed drugs cost more than …
Late cutaneous reactions to common allergens in patients with delayed pressure urticaria
Authors: B. M. CZARNETZKI, H.-P. CAP, G. FORCK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

In 13 patients with delayed pressure urticaria (DPU) and in seven patients with chronic recurrent urticaria (CRU), prick tests were performed with a large battery of common allergens, including food extracts. Seven patients with DPU and all patients with CRU had positive early cutaneous reactions (15 min) (ECR), while six of the DPU and only one of the CRU patients had positive late cutaneous reactions (6h) (LCR). In the CRU patients, food allergens caused a positive ECR in one and no LCR in any of the cases, while two DPU patients had ECR and four had LCR to food allergens. The one patient with CRU and a positive LCR reacted to fungi, while of the DPU patients, five had LCRs to fungi, two to other inhalants, three to NaCl and one to histamine. None of the DPU patients lost their delayed pressure reactivity while on a diet lacking the food allergens to which they gave positive reactions. These results show that DPU patients have more frequent LCR than do CRU patients. They do not, however, confirm earlier reports claiming that the majority of DPU patients are allergic to food allergens and that their disease can be cured by elimination of the offending agents from their diet.
Mosaic Expression of Dystrophin in Symptomatic Carriers of Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Kiichi Arahata, Tadayuki Ishihara, Keiko Kamakura, Toshifumi Tsukahara, Shoichi Ishiura, Chikako Baba, Tadashi Matsumoto, Ikuya Nonaka, Hideo Sugita
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

A deficiency of the protein dystrophin is known to be the cause of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. To examine the expression of dystrophin in symptomatic female carriers of this X-linked recessive disorder, we performed immunohistochemical studies on muscle-biopsy specimens from three such carriers, using an antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide fragment of dystrophin. In all three carriers, most individual muscle fibers reacted either strongly or not at all to the antiserum for dystrophin; only 2 to 8 percent of fibers showed partial immunostaining. This mosaic staining pattern was present on both cross-sectional and longitudinal muscle specimens. Although the mosaic pattern was seen in all fiber types, more than 80 percent of type 2B and 2C fibers from two of the carriers did not react with the antiserum. Similar studies in nine normal subjects showed consistently strong staining of all muscle fibers. No muscle fibers from 31 patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy reacted with the antiserum. We conclude that symptomatic carriers of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy can be identified by a distinct mosaic pattern in the immunohistochemical staining of the surface membrane of skeletal-muscle specimens. This finding may have practical implications for genetic counseling, although it remains to be shown whether the same staining pattern will be found in muscle specimens from asymptomatic carriers of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:138–42.)
RESPONSE: Re: Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer (1973 Through 1998), Featuring Cancer With Recent Increasing Trends
Authors: H. L. Howe, P. A. Wingo, M. J. Thun, L. A. G. Ries, H. M. Rosenberg, E. G. Feigal, B. K. Edwards
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)
Symptoms in the Roentgenographically Normal Gallbladder
Authors: Barry J. Mankowitz
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  After reading Palmer's article regarding microscopic examination of biliary drainage in evaluating suspected gallbladder disease (229:1803, 1974), I was not entirely satisfied that the complete story was portrayed.  He states, in reference to normal oral cholecystograms, Cholecystography is not quite good enough to warrant total trust. He then states that Even when results of repeated cholecystography are entirely normal....  When we suspect gallbladder disease, a fatty meal is given (if the gallbladder visualizes, and no stones are present) to examine how the gallbladder contracts. Areas of spasm, abnormal contraction, globular configuration (indicating spasms of the cystic or common bile duct) and contraction less than 50% of original size are all used as evidence that gallbladder disease is present. Patients operated on have exhibited chronic cholecystitis, adenomyomatosis, and cholesterolosis. A normal gallbladder has never been removed when these criteria were used.  I have used duodenal drainage in many