tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peripheral blood monocyte cytokine production and acute phase response in inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: M Z Mazlam, H J Hodgson
Journal: Gut (1992)

Cytokines released from activated mononuclear leukocytes are involved in triggering the acute phase response and many of the inflammatory manifestations of ulcerative colitis and Crohn9s disease. The ability of circulating monocytes from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn9s disease to generate the cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL 1 beta) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), both spontaneously and in response to stimulation by lipopolysaccharide, was compared. IL 1 beta generation in response to lipopolysaccharide was significantly higher in Crohn9s disease than in ulcerative colitis and normal controls, with a dramatic increase in patients with active disease. There was a significant reduction in lipopolysaccharide stimulated TNF alpha generation in ulcerative colitis patients compared with Crohn9s disease and normal control subjects. IL 1 beta and TNF alpha release correlated significantly with serum C reactive protein and serum alpha 1 acid glycoprotein in Crohn9s disease. The ability of conditioned medium from monocytes in Crohn9s disease to enhance release of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein from the liver cell line HepG2 in culture was assessed. There was a significant positive correlation between TNF alpha and IL 1 beta presence in the supernatant and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein production. The differences in the cytokine profile in patients with Crohn9s disease compared with ulcerative colitis suggest an intrinsic difference in the ability to produce cytokines in patients with these two forms of inflammatory bowel disease, and may explain features such as the enhanced ability to generate a brisk C reactive protein response in Crohn9s disease.
Determination of Mean Pulmonary Capillary Pressure by a Noninvasive Technique
Authors: Abdulla M. Abdulla
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The feasibility of estimating the mean pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP) by simultaneous noninvasive recording of the ECG, phonocardiogram, and mitral valve echocardiogram was tested in 36 patients with miscellaneous heart lesions. The recordings were made in close sequence with direct measurement of PCP by a catheter. The interval from the onset of the QRS complex to the echocardiographic point C of mitral valve closure (Q-C) and the time from the aortic valve closure sound to the E point of the mitral echocardiogram (A<sub>2</sub>-E) were measured. The difference between these two intervals exhibited a good linear correlation with the PCP. A better correlation was found between the ratio (Q-C)/(A<sub>2</sub>-E) and the PCP, which is potentially useful in the noninvasive determination of PCP in several forms of heart disease. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1539-1542, 1980)
Preliminary Observations on Cavodil in Treatment of Angina Pectoris
Authors: J. Mackinnon, D. E. Anderson, G. Howitt
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Considerable success has been claimed for iproniazid in the treatment of angina pectoris (Cesarman, 1957; Cossio, 1957, 1958; Master, 1958; Towers and Wood, 1958).More recently, however, controlled trials have shown that the response to iproniazid may be little or no better than to a placebo (Dewar et al., 1959; Snow and Anderson, 1959).Moreover, it has unpleasant and sometimes serious side-effects, particularly when used for
Aortic aneurysm caused by schistosomiasis.
Authors: E A Vanker
Journal: Thorax (1986)

<h3>Background and Aims</h3> The majority of the ophthalmic surgeries are done in day case setting in elderly patients with multiple co-mobilities. It is fundamental that the patient can lay flat comfortably during surgery with no movement if regional anesthesia (RA) is planned. <h3>Methods</h3> We report a vitreoretinal surgery with RA. <h3>Results</h3> A 80 year-old women, ASA III with severe thoracic kyphosis because of bone tuberculosis causing restrictive pulmonary syndrome, bronchiectasis and sleep apnea with nighttime BiPAP and oxygen therapy during the day, was proposed to vitrectomy because of retinal detachment. On account of the risk of general anesthesia (GA) in this patient, we decided to perform a peribulbar block and a subtenon block with 1% ropivacaine, 3,5 ml and 3 ml respectively. To achieve adequate positioning there was a need to use multiple pillows until the patient was comfortable, and the surgeon satisfied. To complement the local anesthetic, we used a light sedation with alfentanil. The surgery lasted two hours and 10 minutes, without complications. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In our case, the patient had multiple respiratory co-morbidities with high risk of complications in case of a GA. She also had a severe kyphosis with need of creativity do achieve adequate positioning. With a good communication with the nursing team and the patient we were able to attain a good operation field. Even thought, there are descriptions of the use of only one of the above blocks to perform RA in vitreoretinal surgery, with both blocks the patient is more comfortable and more likely to tolerate a long surgery.
Dietary Modification and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Aman U. Buzdar
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Use of Defenses and Physician Health Care Costs: Are Physician Health Care Costs Lower in Persons with More Adaptive Defense Profiles?
Authors: Michael William MacGregor, Karina W. Davidson, Paul Rowan, Cheryl Barksdale, David MacLean
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2003)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The objective of the present study was to determine if persons who use more adaptive defenses have lower physician health care costs compared to those who use less adaptive defenses. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; We randomly selected 667 persons from the 1995 population-based Nova Scotia Health Survey who completed a videotaped structured interview. Each interview was rated for typical defense use by the Defense-Q. We obtained physician health care costs for 3 months before and after the interview, as well as medical diagnoses and measures of psychological functioning. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; A more adaptive defense profile significantly predicted lower future physician health care costs. These results were found when controlling for other psychosocial variables, before and after controlling for previous physician health care costs, and when testing only within a physically healthy subsample. Results of secondary analyses showed that a more adaptive defense profile was positively related to a number of psychosocial variables, such as nurse’s rating of competence, lack of depressive symptoms, and days at work. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The adaptiveness of a person’s defense use in managing affect is important in predicting physician health care costs as well as psychosocial functioning.
Successful treatment of field cancerization of the scalp by surface mould brachytherapy
Authors: S. Semrau, M. Kunz, K. Baggesen, H. Vogel, W. Buchmann, G. Gross, R. Fietkau
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Treatment of invasive epithelial skin cancer may be challenging when widespread involvement (field cancerization) has occurred in anatomical regions with complex surface architecture. This applies, in particular, to cosmetically critical parts of the body, such as the head and neck. Surgical procedures in these areas are often complex and sometimes unbearable, especially for older patients. In addition, squamous cell carcinomas are largely resistant to classical chemotherapy. Guided radiation therapy, for example by delivery of photon irradiation via surface applicators in a moulded helmet, provides an interesting alternative treatment option. We describe successful treatment of multiple squamous cell carcinomas of the scalp, using a moulded helmet for brachytherapy by local photon irradiation. A 74‐year‐old man with widespread hyperkeratosis of the scalp and multifocal squamous cell carcinomas presented to our department in September 2004 with a 4‐year history of the disease. Encrusted, weeping lesions on the scalp first appeared in 2000. The patient was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly (Binet stage A) shortly thereafter. He had received 6 months of Knospe chemotherapy (chlorambucil and prednisolone).
Late Asthmatic Reactions Induced by Inhalation of Allergen-derived T Cell Peptides
Authors: F. Runa Ali, William L. G. Oldfield, Noritaka Higashi, Mark Larché, A. Barry Kay
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

In individuals with atopy and asthma, allergen-derived T cell peptides injected intradermally induce isolated late asthmatic reactions (LARs) followed by bronchial hyporesponsiveness to peptide, inhibition of the allergen-induced cutaneous late-phase reaction, and altered T cell function in vitro. Laboratory animal data indicate that “activation” and “tolerance” also occur if peptides are inhaled. In this study, we show that inhalation of Fel d 1–derived peptides induced isolated LAR in individuals with asthma sensitive to cat allergen comparable with that previously demonstrated using intradermal injection. LARs were accompanied by eosinophilia and nonsignificant elevations of total cysteinyl leukotrienes in the sputum. Unlike the intradermal route, repeated inhalation of peptides was not associated with abrogation of the LAR and produced a sputum eosinophilia comparable with the first exposure. In addition, there was no inhibition of the cutaneous late-phase reaction to whole cat dander. Thus, isolated LAR induced by inhaled, allergen-derived peptides represent a novel model of provoked asthma and are not associated with the induction of hyporesponsiveness (“tolerance”) in the skin or lung.
Vimentin–ERK Signaling Uncouples Slug Gene Regulatory Function
Authors: Reetta Virtakoivu, Anja Mai, Elina Mattila, Nicola De Franceschi, Susumu Y. Imanishi, Garry Corthals, Riina Kaukonen, Markku Saari, Fang Cheng, Elin Torvaldson, Veli-Matti Kosma, Arto Mannermaa, Ghaffar Muharram, Christine Gilles, John Eriksson, Ylermi Soini, James B. Lorens, Johanna Ivaska
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cells is a developmental process adopted during tumorigenesis that promotes metastatic capacity. In this study, we advance understanding of EMT control in cancer cells with the description of a novel vimentin-ERK axis that regulates the transcriptional activity of Slug (SNAI2). Vimentin, ERK, and Slug exhibited overlapping subcellular localization in clinical specimens of triple-negative breast carcinoma. RNAi-mediated ablation of these gene products inhibited cancer cell migration and cell invasion through a laminin-rich matrix. Biochemical analyses demonstrated direct interaction of vimentin and ERK, which promoted ERK activation and enhanced vimentin transcription. Consistent with its role as an intermediate filament, vimentin acted as a scaffold to recruit Slug to ERK and promote Slug phosphorylation at serine-87. Site-directed mutagenesis established a requirement for ERK-mediated Slug phosphorylation in EMT initiation. Together, these findings identified a pivotal step in controlling the ability of Slug to organize hallmarks of EMT.
Sore throats, why the dilemma?
Authors: L. Martel
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—With reference to the article by Kumar et al, I find it hard to believe that the argument still goes on about the treatment of sore throats.1 If I had the energy I would dig up the articles to support the following statements.

Firstly, the only probably treatable organism in the throat is streptococcus, virtually all else is viral.

Secondly, during the second world war the US government …
The Effects of Metformin on Glycemic Control and Serum Lipids in Insulin-Treated NIDDM Patients With Suboptimal Metabolic Control
Authors: Adam C Robinson, John Burke, Stephen Robinson, Desmond G Johnston, Robert S Elkeles
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that metformin therapy, given as an adjunct to insulin therapy, improves metabolic control in insulin-treated NIDDM patients with suboptimal glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 33 subjects with insulin-treated NIDDM were investigated; all had commenced insulin after secondary failure of antihyperglycemic agents. Two randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover studies were run. In study 1 (n = 19), insulin-treated subjects with suboptimal glycemic control received 12 weeks of metformin 1 g b.i.d. and 12 weeks of placebo. In study 2 (n = 14), subjects already established on adjunctive metformin/insulin therapy stopped the metformin component and received 12 weeks of metformin at their baseline dosage (range 1–2.5 g) and 12 weeks of equivalent placebo. Fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and serum lipids were measured at baseline and midway through and at the end of each treatment phase. The effect of 12 weeks of metformin treatment was compared with the effect of 12 weeks of placebo in each study and in both studies combined. RESULTS In study 1, metformin treatment was associated with significant improvements in fasting plasma glucose (mean 12-week difference fromplacebo [95% CI]: 5.8 mmol/1 [3.5–8.1], P &amp;lt; 0.001) and HbA1c (1.6% [0.9–2.4], P &amp;lt; 0.001). In study 2, metformin treatment was associated with significantly lower fasting plasma glucose (5.3 mmol/1 [0.6–9.9], P = 0.029) and lower HbA1c(2.4% [1.0–3.8], P = 0.003) compared with those for placebo. Study 2 also showed metformin treatment to be associated with significantly lower total cholesterol than that for placebo (1.0 mmol/1 [0.1–1.9], P = 0.032) and lower LDL cholesterol (1.0 mmol/1 [0.1–1.9], P = 0.028). This significant difference in serum lipids seen in study 2 was not seen in study 1, but was present when both sets of data were combined (n = 33, mean total cholesterol difference at 12 weeks [95% CI]: 0.6 mmol/1 [0.1–1.1], P = 0.015). Metformin had no significant effect on triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, weight, or blood pressure. Twosubjects on metformin withdrew because of side effects. CONCLUSIONS Metformin, when given as adjunctive therapy, was well tolerated and improved glycemic control and lipid concentrations in patients with insulin-treated NIDDM whose diabetes was poorly controlled. These improvements could be maintained over the long term.
Nondestructive biomarkers in ecotoxicology.
Authors: M C Fossi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The aim of this article is to attempt a concise review of the state of the art of the nondestructive biomarkers approach in vertebrates, establishing a consensus on the most useful and sensitive nondestructive biomarker techniques, and proposing research priorities for the development and validation of this promising methodology. The following topics are discussed: the advantages of the use of nondestructive strategies in biomonitoring programs and the research fields in which nondestructive biomarkers can be applied; the biological materials suitable for nondestructive biomarkers and residue analysis in vertebrates; which biomarkers lend themselves to noninvasive techniques; and the validation and implementation strategy of the nondestructive biomarker approach. Examples of applications of this methodology in the hazard assessment of endangered species are also presented.
Intake to Production Ratio: A Measure of Exposure Intimacy for Manufactured Chemicals
Authors: William Nazaroff, Charles J. Weschler, John C. Little, Elaine A. Cohen Hubal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Limited data are available to assess human exposure to thousands of chemicals currently in commerce. Information that relates human intake of a chemical to its production and use can help inform understanding of mechanisms and pathways that control exposure and support efforts to protect public health.We introduce the intake-to-production ratio (IPR) as an economy-wide quantitative indicator of the extent to which chemical production results in human exposure.The IPR was evaluated as the ratio of two terms: aggregate rate of chemical uptake in a human population (inferred from urinary excretion data) divided by the rate that chemical is produced in or imported into that population's economy. We used biomonitoring data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention along with chemical manufacturing data reported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, as well as other published data, to estimate the IPR for nine chemicals in the United States. Results are reported in units of parts per million, where 1 ppm indicates 1 g of chemical uptake for every million grams of economy-wide use.Estimated IPR values for the studied compounds span many orders of magnitude from a low of 0.6 ppm for bisphenol A to a high of > 180,000 ppm for methyl paraben. Intermediate results were obtained for five phthalates and two chlorinated aromatic compounds: 120 ppm for butyl benzyl phthalate, 670 ppm for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 760 ppm for di(n-butyl) phthalate, 1,040 ppm for para-dichlorobenzene, 6,800 ppm for di(isobutyl) phthalate, 7,700 ppm for diethyl phthalate, and 8,000-24,000 ppm (range) for triclosan.The IPR is well suited as an aggregate metric of exposure intensity for characterizing population-level exposure to synthesized chemicals, particularly those that move fairly rapidly from manufacture to human intake and have relatively stable production and intake rates.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PSORIASIS AND ARTHRITIS
Authors: HARVEY BAKER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PSORIASIS AND ARTHRITIS Get access HARVEY BAKER, M.D., M.R.C.P. HARVEY BAKER, M.D., M.R.C.P. The London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd., London, E.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 5, 1 May 1966, Pages 249–261, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12219.x Published: 01 May 1966
SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA FOLLOWING THE REMOVAL OF A LOWER WISDOM TOOTH
Authors: Lester Richard Cahn
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Rosenbaum<sup>1</sup>recently reported a case of subcutaneous emphysema following a tonsillectomy. In the case here reported, a similar condition followed the removal of a lower wisdom tooth. I removed the lower left third molar in a woman, aged 65. The operation was done under local anesthesia, the inferior dental nerve being blocked at the inferior dental foramen, and 3 c.c. of a 2 per cent. procain-epinephrin solution being used. The tooth, having three distinct roots (a rarity in itself), was removed with considerable difficulty. The distobuccal root fractured during the delivery of the tooth, necessitating the removal of a portion of the outer alveolar plate in order to remove the fractured fragment. The wound was irrigated and dressed with iodoform gauze. The patient left the office feeling perfectly well. About two hours later she returned with the cheek and neck on the left side swollen, but not painful. On
The ACE Study
Authors: Richard D. Krugman
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
... One Giant Leap...?
Authors: Harry A. Feldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE report entitled "Prevention of Meningococcal Disease by Group C Polysaccharide Vaccine" by Artenstein et al., which appears in this issue of the Journal, will be read with a special feeling of excitement by those who have been close to the meningococcal problem. From 1942 on, it was assumed that infections with the meningococcus were no longer important since epidemics could be stopped quickly by mass sulfonamide prophylaxis and cases were usually and readily cured by treatment with the same drugs. This confidence was badly shaken, if not shattered, by the recognition in 1963 that a substantial number of . . .
Reentry within the atrioventricular node: surgical cure with preservation of atrioventricular conduction.
Authors: E L Pritchett, R W Anderson, D G Benditt, J Kasell, L Harrison, A G Wallace, W C Sealy, J J Gallagher
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is commonly caused by reentry within the atrioventricular (AV) node. This arrhythmia was abolished by operative dissection of the AV junction in a patient with disabling tachycardia that was not controlled by drugs. The operation was intended to create complete AV block, but AV conduction persisted after surgery. An electrophysiologic study 1 year after the operation revealed that the operation changed AV conduction in both the antegrade and retrograde directions, which may explain the absence of tachycardia. The patient has been free of arrhythmias for 18 months.