tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 18435: RVX-208: An Orally Administrated Small Molecule Reduces Atherosclerosis in ApoE Null Mouse and Raises ApoA-I/HDL in Humans
Authors: Ravi Jahagirdar, Allan Gordon, Ken Lebioda, Salman Azhar, Haiyan Zhang, Jan Johansson, Gregory S Wagner, Fabrizio Chiacchia, Henrik Hansen, Norman C Wong
Journal: Circulation (2010)

RVX-208 increases apoA-I production in vitro and in vivo. In preclinical animal models RVX-208 raises; plasma apoA-I, HDL, pre-beta HDL, large alpha HDL while promoting SR-B1-, ABCA1-, and ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux ex vivo. These changes in biomarkers of reverse cholesterol transport suggest that RVX-208 may be antiatherogenic. To test this possibility, apoE null mice were given a high-fat diet and 150 mg/kg of RVX-208 or vehicle b.i.d. for 12 weeks. In RVX-208 treated mice the plasma HDL-c levels were 2-fold (p<0.01) higher vs. vehicle. Additionally, biomarkers of inflammation; VCAM-1, IL-18 and MIP-1α were 17, 15 and 21% lower in treated vs. vehicle, respectively. Numbers of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus and thoracic aorta were 28% (p<0.01) and 17% (p<0.05) lower in treated mice, respectively. A phase 1b/2a human trial of RVX-208 included a low (2 mg/kg/d) and a high dose (6 mg/kg/d) of RVX-208 given to 18 subjects and 6 placebos per arm for 28d. Plasma apoA-I levels rose significa...
Alteration in heart rate variability in response to rnspiratory pressure loads and pursed lips breathing in healthy subjects
Authors: Ingrid Guerra Azevedo, Fernando Henrique Fernandes Macedo, Vanessa Resqueti, Fernando Augusto Lavezzo Dias, Guilherme Augusto de Freitas Fregonezi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective:  To study the acute effects of low and moderate inspiratory pressure loads and pursed lips breathing maneuver on heart rate variability in healthy young subjects.   Methods:  Twenty nine subjects (15 male, mean age: 22.7±0.8 years, IMC: 23.4±0.3 kg/cm 2 ) with normal lung function assessed by spirometry and maximal inspiratory pressure were randomized in three groups and performed the pursed lips breathing (PLB) or breathing against inspiratory pressure loads corresponding to 20% of maximal inspiratory pressure (IL20%) or 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure (IL50%). Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed in a sited position for a period of 5 minutes before and during intervention.   Results:  During PLB we found a significant increases in LF (m/s2) (773±176.3 vs. 4360±1236, p   Conclusion:  In healthy young subjects pursed lips breathing tends to increase LF values without changes in sympathovagal balance. Breathing at high inspiratory pressure load (IL50%) induces increase and predominance of sympathetic drive and may be seem as a precaution when used in patients with arrhythmias or ectopy.  Financial Support: CNPq
Abstract 1968: Volumetric Plaque Characterization Analysis of Target Lesion in Patient with Coronary Intervention: Comparative Study of Integrated Backscatter Intravascular Ultrasound and 64-Slice Multi Detector Computed Tomography
Authors: Tadayuki Uetani, Tatsuaki Matsubara, Tetsuya Amano, Hirohiko Ando, Kiminobu Yokoi, Kousuke Arai, Masataka Kato, Nobuyuki Marui, Michio Nanki, Hideki Ishii, Hideo Izawa, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Classical Hodgkin's Disease and Follicular Lymphoma Originating From the Same Germinal Center B Cell
Authors: Theresa Marafioti, Michael Hummel, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Hans-Dieter Foss, Dieter Huhn, Harald Stein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: Classical Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma occasionally occur in the same patient. To clarify whether these different diseases share a common precursor cell, we analyzed the immunoglobulin rearrangements in tumor cells of the classical Hodgkin's disease and the follicular lymphoma that developed in the same patient 2 years apart. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of rearranged immunoglobulin genes was carried out on single Reed-Sternberg cells and on whole tissue DNA extracted from the follicular lymphoma. PCR products were sequenced and compared with each other and with germ line immunoglobulin variable segments. Immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain transcripts were analyzed by radioactive in-situ hybridization. RESULTS: The same monoclonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement was found in both neoplasms. The variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes of the Reed-Sternberg and of the follicular lymphoma cells were differently mutated, but six somatic mutations were shared by both lymphoma cells. Although the coding capacity of the immunoglobulin genes was preserved in both neoplastic cell populations, immunoglobulin heavy- (μ) and light- (κ) chain expression was restricted to the follicular lymphoma cells, except for small amounts of kappa light-chain mRNA in some Reed-Sternberg cells. CONCLUSIONS: The neoplastic cells of the Hodgkin's disease and the follicular lymphoma that occurred in this patient derived from a common precursor B cell. Its differentiation stage could be identified as that of a germinal center B cell. Thus, transforming events can be more important than the cell of origin in determining a disease entity.
Dose-Response Studies With Concurrent Administration of Piperazine and Sodium Nitrite to Strain A Mice2
Authors: Melvin Greenblatt, Sidney S. Mirvish
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Male strain A mice were given 0.69–18.75 g piperazine/kg food and 0.05–2.0 g sodium nitrite (NaNO2)/liter drinking water for 20–25 weeks, and were killed 10–13 weeks later. The yield of lung adenomas wassignificantly greater than in untreated controls when as little as 0.69 g piperazine/kg plus 1.0 g NaNO2/liter, or 6.25 g piperazine/kg plus 0.25 g NaNO2/liter, were given. A maximum of 30.7 adenomas/mouse more than the controls was observed with 6.25 g piperazine/kg plus 2.0 9 NaNO2/liter. Mononitrosopiperazine (MNP) at 34.5 mg/liter drinking water induced 3.8 adenomas/mouse more than the controls. Negative results were obtained with NaN02 alone, piperazine alone, 12.3 g sodium nitrate (NaNO3)/liter alone, or 12.3 g NaNO3/liter plus 18.75 g piperazine/kg. The latter result indicated that nitrate was not reduced to nitrite under conditions suitable for reaction with the piperazine. When the piperazine concentration was raised from 0.69–18.75 g/kg food in 3 threefold increments at a constant level of nitrite, the adenoma yield was increased between successive doses by ratios of 1.4 to 2.5. A ratio of 3.0 was predicted by application of the kinetic equation for MNP formation (adenoma yield was assumed to be proportional to MNP production). When the nitrite concentrationwas raised from 0.25–2.0 g/liter water in 3 twofold increments at a constant level of piperazine, the adenoma yield was increased by ratios of 3.7 to 3.8, in agreement with the predicted ratio of 4.0.
Progesterone may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of SDB in pregnancy
Authors: Hasina Meridia, Geralyn Messerlian, Patrizia Curran, Kristen Butterfield, Ghada Bourjeily
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is common in the pregnant population. Progesterone stimulates the ventilatory drive and enhances the responsiveness of the upper airway dilator muscles during sleep, theoretically protecting against SDB. On the other hand, by increasing the negative inspiratory pressure, progesterone may cause collapse of the edematous upper airway in this population. We hypothesized that pregnant women with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may have altered levels of progesterone.  Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study comparing second trimester progesterone between pregnant OSA cases (n=22) and pregnant controls at low risk for OSA (n=66). Cases were identified using an ICD-9 code; Controls were identified from a convenience sample screened for symptoms of SDB at delivery. Levels of progesterone and HCG were determined using the automated Immulite 2000 immunoassay.  Results: Mean age was similar in cases and controls (28.6 + 6.2 vs. 27.3 + 6.4, p=0.4). Mean body mass index (BMI) was 41.8 +8.3 in cases vs. 30.5 + 5.0 in controls, p  Conclusion: Progesterone levels are lower in OSA cases compared to low risk controls, even after adjusting for confounders. Progesterone likely plays a protective role against the development of SDB. Conditions such as obesity may possibly predispose to SDB through lower levels of progesterone.
Relationship between upper airway inflammation and systemic inflammation in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Eugenio Vicente, Carlos Salvador, Pedro Ventura, Pablo Cubero, Laura Madre, Marta Forner, Jose M. Marin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction. Systemic inflammation is considered an intermediary mechanism to explain the increase risk of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).  Aims. To determine the relationship between upper airway inflammation and systemic inflammation in OSA.  Methods. From a sleep clinic we recruited subjects with suspected OSA. Exclusion criteria included: past or present smoking history, anatomic abnormalities at the upper airway and medical comorbidities. Severity of OSA was defined according with the number of apnoeas and hypopnoeas per hour of sleep (apnoea-hypopnoea index –AHI-). Local inflammation was evaluated by flow cytometry from pharyngeal lavage.  Results. Compared to 22 healthy subjects (AHI   30), total white cell and % lymphocytes was not different. However, in severe OSA, % of CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio increased significantly compared to healthy (p=0.02 and p  Conclusions. This preliminary data suggests the presence of an specific type of upper airway inflammation which appears to be related with systemic inflammation.  Funded by Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (FIS 09/02449).
Brief Communication: Benign and Malignant Human Breast Tumors as an Intramuscular Xenograft in the Hamster
Authors: E. A. M. Boesen, L. M. Cobb
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Brief Communication: Benign and Malignant Human Breast Tumors as an Intramuscular Xenograft in the Hamster Get access E. A. M. Boesen, E. A. M. Boesen 2Chester Beatty Research Institute, Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital, Fulbam Rd., London SW3 6JB, England. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. M. Cobb L. M. Cobb 3Huntingdon Research Centre, Huntingdon PE18 6ES, England. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 3, March 1974, Pages 1009–1011, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.3.1009 Published: 01 March 1974 Article history Received: 21 November 1973 Accepted: 23 November 1973 Published: 01 March 1974
Co-morbid diagnoses of a current population of asbestos workers with diffuse pleural thickening (DPT)
Authors: Sharada Gudur, Jennifer Hoyle
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Asbestos use has been significantly reduced in the UK since the 1980s. Various presentations of asbestos related respiratory diseases are described from benign pleural plaques to malignant mesothelioma. It is known that most cases of DPT do not progress by lung function impairment but may continue to cause symptoms. Little is published about co-morbid features that may be present in this group.  Methods  We looked at the database for occupational history, co-morbidities and lung function tests for all asbestos cases reported from our hospital between 08/2005 to 01/2013. We have recorded 50 cases of DPT (defined as obliteration of a costo-phrenic angle) with or without pleural plaques in this period. All cases were peer reviewed at an occupational lung disease MDT.  Results  Years from first exposure to diagnosis ranged from 17 - 67 years with average of 46.6 years and mean duration of follow-up over 53 months.  The results are shown below  Conclusions - Average length of time between exposure to diagnosis is longer than expected. Further study with a prolonged follow-up is necessary to evaluate the association with malignancy and DPT. Concurrent airways disease and cardiac disease should be considered carefully at diagnosis.
A Case of Inferior Vena Cava Obstruction
Authors: Budanur Chikkaswamy Srinivas, Vikram B. Kolhari, Babu Reddy, Chamarajnagara Mahadevappa Nagesh, Sunil Srinivas, Cholenahalli Nanjappa Manjunath
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Importance of surface cooling during targeted lung denervation for COPD
Authors: Martin Mayse, Philip Johnson, James Hummel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Targeted lung denervation (TLD) utilizes circumferential radiofrequency (RF) ablation within the right and left main bronchi to disrupt parasympathetic nerve inputs. One potential concern with bronchial ablation is epithelial damage, which could possibly lead to stenosis. The Holaira RF catheter has a novel dual cooled design with a separate cooling balloon to protect the airway surface.  Aim: To examine the effects of efficient surface cooling during the TLD procedure on the bronchial epithelium.  Methods: The lungs of 16 sheep (32 airways) underwent TLD with a lung denervation system (Holaira, Inc., USA) and were followed for 180 days. Poor contact of the cooling balloon to the bronchial surface adjacent to ablation was noted in the first 8 animals (group A). Modifications to the balloon/procedure were made to provide more consistent contact during ablation in the final 8 animals (group B). Changes in the airway surface at the ablation sites were evaluated by bronchoscopy immediately following the procedure and at 90 and 180 days.  Results: Acutely and after 90 and 180 days, airways in group B had significantly less visible effects of RF delivery than in group A. Two airways in group A presented with 10 to 15 percent stenosis in airway cross section at 180 days. No incidences of stenosis were present in group B.  Conclusions: Efficient airway surface cooling minimizes chronic changes in airway architecture following TLD.
Abstract 21653: Preventing Shoulder Pain after Cardiac Rhythm Management Device Implantation: A Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: James Daniels, Shining Sun, Jason Zafereo, Abu Minhajuddin, Carol Nguyen, Owen Obel, Richard Wu, Jose Joglar
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction:  Shoulder pain and disability can be seen ipsilateral to the implant site as a complication of cardiac rhythm device implantation, yet very little has been published about this morbidity. We designed a study to assess the potential benefit from an exercise protocol in preventing shoulder pain postoperatively.   Methods and Results:  Patients undergoing subcutaneous device implantation were randomized to one of two groups. The control group received standard instructions, where as in the exercise group, patients were instructed on specific exercises aimed at strengthening or stretching the shoulder girdle, to be completed three days per week. Groups were monitored for the development of shoulder pain or discomfort and shoulder impingement postoperatively with physical exam and disability questionnaires. At 1 month, 7 out of 21 control patients reported developing shoulder pain or discomfort compared to 1 out of 23 in the exercise group (p = 0.02). At 6 months, 4 out of 23 control patients still reported worsening shoulder symptoms, compared to none in the exercise group (p = 0.11). In the control group, 5 out of 19 patients developed a positive impingement test at 1 month, versus none in the exercise group (p = 0.01). Scores designed to assess shoulder pain and dysfunction were worse in the control group. There were no activity-related complications in either group.   Conclusions:  Shoulder pain and disability can be seen as a consequence of cardiac rhythm management device implantation. A simple exercise program aimed at strengthening the shoulder girdle is effective at preventing this complication.
Phase II Trial of Weekly Intravenous Gemcitabine With Continuous Infusion Fluorouracil in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Brian I. Rini, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Mary C. Dumas, James L. Wade, David A. Taber, Walter M. Stadler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To determine the clinical response rate of the combination of weekly intravenous (IV) gemcitabine with continuous infusion fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between June 1998 and February 1999, 41 patients with metastatic RCC were enrolled onto this multi-institutional phase II study of gemcitabine 600 mg/m 2 over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 and 5-FU 150 mg/m 2 /d via continuous IV infusion through a permanent catheter on days 1 to 21 of a 28-day cycle. Patients had a Cancer and Leukemia Group B performance status of 0 or 1, with a median time since diagnosis of metastatic disease of 10 months (range, 0 to 129 months). Thirty-three patients (80%) had multiple metastatic sites, and 34 patients (83%) had prior chemotherapy or immunotherapy. RESULTS: Of the 39 assessable patients, there were no complete responses but seven partial responses (objective response rate = 17%; 95% confidence interval, 8% to 34%). Five minor responses (25% to 50% decreased tumor size) were also observed. The duration of response for the seven partial responders was 2, 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 14 months. Median progression-free survival for the gemcitabine/5-FU group was 28.7 weeks versus 8 weeks for a similar cohort of patients treated on previous phase II studies at the University of Chicago (P = .008). The regimen was well tolerated, with fatigue, mucositis, nausea/vomiting, and grade 2 hematologic toxicities being most common. CONCLUSION: Weekly gemcitabine with continuous infusion 5-FU is an active combination in patients with metastatic RCC. Therapy was well tolerated and produced an improvement in progression-free survival over historical controls.
Role of macrophage activation in type II alveolar cells transplantation for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Fernanda Hernandez-Gonzalez, Raquel Guillamat-Prats, Gemma Gay-Jordi, Gemma Lopez-Saiz, Luis Ignacio Sánchez-López, Valeria Sirenko, Anna Serrano-Mollar, Antoni Xaubet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

In previous experimental studies, we found that alveolar type II cells (ATII) are successful in reversing lung fibrosis. Recently it has been reported that alternatively activated macrophages (M2) play a critical role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and appear to be involved in lung tissue remodelling and extracellular matrix deposition.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether intratracheal transplantation of ATII can inhibit M2 polarized human alveolar macrophages or shifts them to a classic activation or M1 phenotype. This could play a significant role in the inhibition of pulmonary fibrosis progression.

We included 15 patients with IPF diagnosed in the last 3 years, who underwent ATII trasplantation by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Bronchoalveolar lavage cell isolation was performed 1 month before and 2 months after the ATII transplantation. The alveolar macrophages were isolated and purified in culture plates. We investigated the expression levels of M1 markers proteins TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS, and M2 markers proteins IL-10, Arginase-I, FOLR2 and TGF-β using the real-time RT-PCR.

Alveolar macrophages from transplanted patients released higher amounts of the three investigated M1 marker proteins TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS, compared to cells from pre-transplanted patients. Moreover, a decrease in expression of M2 marker proteins TGF-β and Arginase-I was revealed, without any change in IL-10 or FOLR2 levels.

In conclusion, we have demonstrated that ATII transplantation may produce a shift of alveolar macrophages activation to a M1 phenotype. This shift could thus modulate the fibrotic response and end up the progression of IPF in transplanted patients.
Sensitivity of lung clearance index and chest computed tomography in early lung disease among children with non-CF bronchiectasis
Authors: Elpis Hatziagorou, Vasiliki Avramidou, Fotis Kirvassilis, Vivian Georgopoulou, Stefanos Nikopoulos, John Tsanakas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Lung disease starts before clinical symptoms become prominent, among CF children. Computed chest tomography (CT) is the reference method for identifying structural changes. It has been suggested that the Lung Clearance Index (LCI) is a sensitive marker allowing non-invasive monitoring of lung disease.

Aim: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the LCI in comparison to CT among children with non-CF bronchiecatsis, with early lung disease and normal FEV1 (>80% predicted).

Method: MBW and low-dose HRCT were performed in 14 patients (6-21 years) with non-CF bronchiectasis and normal FEV1 (>80% predicted.) HRCT scans, LCI and FEV1 were recorded. A modified Bhalla score was used to assess HRCT scans. LCI was assessed with Multiple Breath Washout measurements.

Results: LCI was abnormal in 12/15 (80%) of children. 11/15 patients (73%) demonstrated both, increased LCI and structural changes on CT. 1/15 (6%) had normal results in both measurements. There was a significant linear correlation between CT-score and LCI in 12/15 (87%) of patients; whereas no such correlation was observed between CT-score and FEV1. Sensitivity of the LCI to detect structural lung damage was 85%, whereas specificity of LCI was 50%.

Conclusions: Diagnostic accuracy of the LCI for detecting CF lung disease in patients with normal FEV1 was good when compared to CT. Results indicate that structural changes are unlikely if a normal LCI is measured. The LCI may be a suitable surrogate marker for monitoring progression of lung disease among children with non-CF bronchiecatsis.
Open Trial of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Social Phobia
Authors: Joshua D. Lipsitz, John C. Markowitz, Sabrina Cherry, Abby J. Fyer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Interpersonal psychotherapy is a time-limited treatment initially developed to treat depression. It has not been studied for the treatment of anxiety disorders.Interpersonal psychotherapy was modified and tested in a 14-week, open trial of nine patients with DSM-IV social phobia.At termination, seven (78%) were independently rated as much or very much improved on overall social phobia symptoms. Nearly all clinician ratings and self-ratings of social phobia symptoms significantly improved. Changes approximated those of established treatments for social phobia.Interpersonal psychotherapy may have efficacy for the treatment of social phobia. Further study in a comparison trial is warranted.