tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prone Positioning in Children With Acute Lung Injury—Reply
Authors: Martha A. Q. Curley, Patricia L. Hibberd, Frederick E. Barr, Natalie Z. Cvijanovich, Michael A. Matthay, John H. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of sustained virologic response on all-cause mortality
Authors: Lisa I. Backus, Pamela S. Belperio
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Context: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection outcomes include liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver-related death. Objective: To assess the association between sustained virological response (SVR) and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic HCV infection and advanced hepatic fibrosis. Design, Setting, and Patients: An international, multicenter, long-term follow-up study from 5 large tertiary care hospitals in Europe and Canada of 530 patients with chronic HCV infection who started an interferon-based treatment regimen between 1990 and 2003, following histological proof of advanced hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis (Ishak score 4-6). Complete follow-up ranged between January 2010 and October 2011. Main Outcome Measures: All-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were liver failure, HCC, and liver-related mortality or liver transplantation. Results: The 530 study patients were followed up for a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 8.4 (6.4-11.4) years. The baseline median (IQR) age was 48 (42-56) years and 369 patients (70%) were men. The Ishak fibrosis score was 4 in 143 patients (27%), 5 in 101 patients (19%), and 6 in 286 patients (54%). There were 192 patients (36%) who achieved SVR; 13 patients with SVR and 100 without SVR died (10-year cumulative all-cause mortality rate, 8.9% [95% CI, 3.3%-14.5%] with SVR and 26.0% [95% CI, 20.2%-28.4%] without SVR; P < .001). In time-dependent multivariate Cox regression analysis, SVR was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.26; 95% CI, 0.14-0.49; P < .001) and reduced risk of liver-related mortality or transplantation (HR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.02-0.19; P < .001), the latter occurring in 3 patients with SVR and 103 without SVR. The 10-year cumulative incidence rate of liver-related mortality or transplantation was 1.9% (95% CI, 0.0%-4.1%) with SVR and 27.4% (95% CI, 22.0%-32.8%) without SVR (P < .001). There were 7 patients with SVR and 76 without SVR who developed HCC (10-year cumulative incidence rate, 5.1%; 95% CI, 1.3%-8.9%; vs 21.8%; 95% CI, 16.6%-27.0%; P < .001), and 4 patients with SVR and 111 without SVR experienced liver failure (10-year cumulative incidence rate, 2.1%; 95% CI, 0.0%-4.5%; vs 29.9%; 95% CI, 24.3%-35.5%; P < .001). Conclusion: Among patients with chronic HCV infection and advanced hepatic fibrosis, sustained virological response to interferon-based treatment was associated with lower all-cause mortality.
Therapeutic ultraviolet light-emitting diode sources: a new phase in the evolution of phototherapy
Authors: C. Edwards, A.V. Anstey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

ORIGINAL ARTICLE, p 167 Photoresponsive dermatoses have been treated with sunlight since ancient times. The 20th century saw the development of artificial sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, such as arc, incandescent and fluorescent lamps and, more recently, UVB excimer lasers. The last major development in sources for phototherapy was the introduction in the late 1980s of the narrowband UVB lamp designated ‘TL-01’. We have subsequently awaited the arrival of stable, efficient narrowband UV light-emitting diode (LED) sources suitable for phototherapy. In 1996 Toyda Gosei Co. and Nichia Corp. began a series of lawsuits over patent infringement regarding blue LED technology. Multiple lawsuits followed over the next 6 years, during which all commercial development of blue LED technology was suspended worldwide. Following settlement of the dispute in 2002, there has been resumption in the drive for shorter wavelength and higher power LEDs. UVA LED sources are now available with outputs in excess of 4000 mW cm−2. In this issue of the BJD Kemény et al.1 report on the use of UVB LEDs in the treatment of psoriasis. The device used in their study emits 1 mW cm−2 at a central wavelength of 310 nm with 15-nm bandwidth, near to the optimum wavelength for the treatment of psoriasis. They show that this device can treat small areas of psoriasis, as would be expected from such an output spectrum. Is this a new era for UV lamps for phototherapy? Perhaps so, but availability of devices may be slow. Drivers for new technology such as UV LEDs are primarily commercial. The biggest market for these devices is domestic lighting, where UVA LEDs are used to generate visible light from fluorescent phosphors. As a result, cheap and powerful UVA LED sources are available now, and will become more powerful and much cheaper in the future. Medical uses of such sources will almost inevitably follow. The larger market for UVB LED sources is less certain. Until a wide application is found, UVB LEDs are likely to remain low power and expensive. It is therefore unlikely that UVB LED wide-area or whole-body sources will be available for the foreseeable future. However, adequate whole-body phototherapy sources are already available; this is not where the impact of UVB LED lamps will be felt. These lamps do, however, have potential application for localized treatments, as described by Kemény et al. and for phototesting. Phototesting to determine skin sensitivity to wavelengths from the UV to the visible currently requires the use of an irradiation monochromator, an expensive and bulky precision optical irradiation device requiring specialized expertise to use. Small narrowband LED sources at suitable wavelengths throughout the UV and visible spectra could bring such testing within the reach of nonspecialist centres.
Parkin ubiquitinates the α-synuclein–interacting protein, synphilin-1: implications for Lewy-body formation in Parkinson disease
Authors: Kenny K.K. Chung, Yi Zhang, Kah Leong Lim, Yuji Tanaka, Hui Huang, Jun Gao, Christopher A. Ross, Valina L. Dawson, Ted M. Dawson
Journal: Nature Medicine (2001)
Countdown to 2015: changes in official development assistance to reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health, and assessment of progress between 2003 and 2012
Authors: Leonardo Arregoces, Felicity Daly, Catherine Pitt, Justine Hsu, Melisa Martinez-Alvarez, Giulia Greco, Anne Mills, Peter Berman, Josephine Borghi
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

BackgroundTracking of aid resources to reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) provides timely and crucial information to hold donors accountable. For the first time, we examine flows in official development assistance (ODA) and grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (collectively termed ODA+) in relation to the continuum of care for RMNCH and assess progress since 2003.MethodsWe coded and analysed financial disbursements for maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) and for reproductive health (R*) to all recipient countries worldwide from all donors reporting to the creditor reporting system database for the years 2011–12. We also included grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. We analysed trends for MNCH for the period 2003–12 and for R* for the period 2009–12.FindingsODA+ to RMNCH from all donors to all countries worldwide amounted to US$12·2 billion in 2011 (an 11·8% increase relative to 2010) and $12·8 billion in 2012 (a 5·0% increase relative to 2011). ODA+ to MNCH represents more than 60% of all aid to RMNCH. ODA+ to projects that have newborns as part of the target population has increased 34-fold since 2003. ODA to RMNCH from the 31 donors, which have reported consistently since 2003, to the 75 Countdown priority countries, saw a 3·2% increase in 2011 relative to 2010 ($8·3 billion in 2011), and an 11·8% increase in 2012 relative to 2011 ($9·3 billion in 2012). ODA to RMNCH projects has increased with time, whereas general budget support has continuously declined. Bilateral agencies are still the predominant source of ODA to RMNCH. Increased funding to family planning, nutrition, and immunisation projects were noted in 2011 and 2012. ODA+ has been targeted to RMNCH during the period 2005–12, although there is no evidence of improvements in targeting over time.InterpretationDespite a reduction in ODA+ in 2011, ODA+ to RMNCH increased in both 2011 and 2012. The increase in funding is encouraging, but continued increases are needed to accelerate progress towards achieving MDGs 4 and 5 and beyond.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was linked to sudden death in older patients using spironolactone
Authors: Shubha Ananthakrishnan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Antoniou T, Hollands S, Macdonald EM, et al; Canadian Drug Safety and Effectiveness Research Network. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and risk of sudden death among patients taking spironolactone. CMAJ. 2015;187:E138-43. 25646289
Novel Model To Evaluate Changes in Gene Expression Profile of Myeloma Cells In Vivo Following Interaction with Human BM Microenvironment.
Authors: Paola Neri, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Masood A. Shammas, Daniel R. Carrasco, Renate Burger, Constantine S. Mitsdiades, Simona Blotta, Rao H. Prabhala, Laurence Catley, Salvatore Venuta, Kenneth C. Anderson, Nikhil C. Munshi
Journal: Blood (2005)
Abstract 9724: Microrna Expression in Circulating Microvesicles Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Feilx Jansen, Xiaoyan Yang, Jan M Sinning, Georg Nickenig, Nikos Werner
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Circulating microRNAs (miRs) are differentially regulated and selectively packaged in microvesicles.

Hypothesis: Circulating vascular and endothelial miRs in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) have prognostic impact on the occurrence of cardiovascular events.

Methods and Results: Ten miRs involved in the regulation of vascular performance including miR-126, miR-222, miR-let 7d, miR-21, miR-20a, miR-27a, miR-92a, miR-17, miR-130 and miR-199a were quantified in plasma and circulating microvesicles (MVs) by RT-PCR in 181 stable CAD patients. The median follow-up time for major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE)-free survival was 6.1 (6.0/6.4) years. Events occurred in 55 (31.3%) patients. There was no significant association between cardiovascular events and plasma level of analysed miRs. In contrast, increased expression of miR-126 and miR-199a in circulating MVs (MmiR) was significantly associated with a lower MACE rate. In multivariate analysis, levels of MmiR-126 above the median were predictors of MACE-free survival (hazard ratio: 0.381, 95% CI: 0.190-0.764; P=0.007) and revascularization (hazard ratio: 0.391, 95% CI: 0.178-0.861; P=0.02). Likewise, an increased level of MmiR-199a was associated with a reduced risk of MACE (hazard ratio: 0.414, 95% CI: 0.211-0.812; P=0.01) and revascularization rate (hazard ratio: 0.305, 95% CI: 0.135-0.691; P=0.004) in multivariate analysis. miR expression analysis in plasma compartments (exosomes, microparticles, vesicles-free supernatant) revealed that miR-126 and miR-199a are mainly present in circulating microparticles. In vitro, endothelial cells were found to be the major cell source of miR-126- and miR-199a-containing MVs.

Conclusion: Expression of microvesicle-incorporated miR-126 and miR-199a but not freely circulating miRs predicts the occurrence of cardiovascular events in stable CAD patients.

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Effects of Age and Ethnicity on the Link Between <i>APOE ϵ4</i> and Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Marie-Florence Shadlen
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Obstetric cholestasis
Authors: P. Milkiewicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Obstetric cholestasis (or intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy) remains widely disregarded as an important clinical problem, with many obstetricians still considering its main symptom, pruritus, a natural association of pregnancy. Obstetric cholestasis is associated with cholesterol gallstones. It may be extremely stressful for the mother but also carries risks for the baby.

Clinical studies clearly show that when obstetric cholestasis complicates pregnancies it may lead to premature births in up to 60%, fetal distress in up to 33%, and intrauterine death in up to 2% of patients.1 The cause of fetal death is acute anoxia.2 The incidence of obstetric cholestasis varies from 0.1% to 1.5% of pregnancies in Europe and 9.2%-15.6% in South American countries such as Bolivia or Chile. It is particularly high in the native Araucanian population in Chile, where the proportion of affected pregnancies reaches nearly 28%.3 The low quoted incidence of obstetric cholestasis in Europe may reflect an underestimation of the problem, and growing awareness of the condition will probably increase the numbers. For example, early studies from North America, published in 1962, showed its incidence to be less than 0.1%, whereas a study published 17 years later estimated the incidence to be around …
VEGFR2 promotes migration and invasion on ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Whitney Spannuth, Nick Jennings, Yvonne Lin, William Merritt, Premal Thaker, Aparna Kamat, Liz Han, Lee Ellis, Robert Coleman, Anil Sood
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

4403 

Objective: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) have recently been discovered on ovarian cancer cells, but their functional significance is unknown and is the focus of the current study.

Methods: Four ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, HeyA8, SKOV3ip1 and EG) were evaluated for VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and their activated forms by Western blot. Twenty-eight invasive epithelial ovarian cancer specimens and 5 normal ovarian specimens were examined for VEGFR expression by in situ hybridization and immunoflourescence. The effects of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 blockade on in vitro invasion and migration were also assessed.

Results: By Western blot analysis, SKOV3ip1 and EG cell lines exhibited VEGFR-2 expression while A2780 and HeyA8 cell lines did not. Three ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, SKOV3ip1, and EG) expressed some level of VEGFR-1. By immunoflourescence, little or no VEGFR-2 was detected in epithelial cells of normal ovarian samples, whereas expression was detected in 75% of invasive ovarian cancer specimens. Ovarian tumor-cell associated VEGFR-2 was phosphorylated in 71% of ovarian tumor specimens. By in situ hybridization, 75% of ovarian cancer specimens showed moderate to high VEGFR-2 expression and little or no VEGFR-1 expression. All normal ovarian specimens showed low or absent VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 expression. Exposure to VEGFR-2 blocking antibody significantly inhibited SKOV3ip1 cell migration (68% reduction, P < 0.01) and invasion (72% reduction, P < 0.01), but exposure to VEGFR-1 antibody demonstrated no effect. Neither antibody elicited an effect on HeyA8 (VEGFR-negative) cell migration or invasion.

Conclusion: VEGF receptors are present in the majority of ovarian cancer cell lines and epithelial ovarian tumors examined and promote migration and invasion, contributing to the malignant phenotype. Therefore, VEGF-receptors on tumor cells may represent an additional therapeutic target.
Differential response to ultraviolet versus ionizing radiation in zebrafish embryos pretreated with caffeine.
Authors: Mary Frances McAleer, Csaba Kari, Adam P. Dicker, Ulrich Rodeck
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5179 

Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) embryos provide a unique model to study the radiation response in vertebrates. Previously, we demonstrated that ionizing radiation (IR), known to generate DNA breaks, produced time- and dose-dependent perturbations of zebrafish embryo morphology and viability that were distinct from ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, which predominantly causes bulky lesions. To investigate the molecular mechanism of this differential response further, we focused on ATM and ATR, the signal transducers of IR- or UV-induced cytotoxicity, respectively. Transient knockdown of ATM expression was lethal in embryos injected with specific antisense oligonucleotide morpholinos before midblastula transition (3 hours post fertilization [hpf]). Similar inhibition of ATR was limited by incomplete sequencing of the zebrafish ortholog of this gene. Therefore, we evaluated the response of embryos to UV or IR following pretreatment with caffeine, commonly accepted as an inhibitor of both ATM and ATR. Wildtype zebrafish adults were mated, and viable embryos collected and exposed to 0-4 mM caffeine for 30 minutes prior to 0-20 mJ/cm2 UV (Stratalinker, Stratagene) or 0-10 Gy single-fraction 250 kVp IR (PanTak) at various stages of embryonic development. Embryos were maintained at 28.5°C then examined for morphologic abnormalities and viability up to 144 hpf. As expected, caffeine pretreatment sensitized the embryos to the effects of IR exposure, particularly before midblastula transition. In contrast, caffeine exposure protected the embryos from UV radiation-induced organ damage and lethality following midblastula transition, even at teratogenic doses (4 mM) of the inhibitor. Experiments evaluating the effect of blocking the downstream effectors of ATR (chk1) or ATM (chk2) on the radiation response in zebrafish embryos using the chk1-specific inhibitor CEP 3891 and chk2-specific inhibitor CEP 6367 (Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, PA) are ongoing. Collectively, these data suggest a distinct molecular response to UV versus IR-induced damage in zebrafish embryos. These studies were sponsored by the Radiological Society of North America Research and Education Foundation (Research Resident Grant RR0509 to MFM) and the Pennsylvania Department of Health, Tobacco Settlement Act of Pennsylvania (APD).
Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of haemorrhagic fever viruses and bioterrorism-related haemorrhagic fever viruses
Authors: P Bossi, A Tegnell, A Baka, F van Loock, J Hendriks, A Werner, H Maidhof, G Gouvras
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

Haemorrhagic fever viruses (HFVs) are a diverse group of viruses that cause a clinical disease associated with fever and bleeding disorder. HFVs that are associated with a potential biological threat are Ebola and Marburg viruses (Filoviridae), Lassa fever and New World arenaviruses (Machupo, Junin, Guanarito and Sabia viruses) (Arenaviridae), Rift Valley fever (Bunyaviridae) and yellow fever, Omsk haemorrhagic fever, and Kyanasur Forest disease (Flaviviridae). In terms of biological warfare concerning dengue, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and Hantaviruses, there is not sufficient knowledge to include them as a major biological threat. Dengue virus is the only one of these that cannot be transmitted via aerosol. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and the agents of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome appear difficult to weaponise. Ribavirin is recommended for the treatment and the prophylaxis of the arenaviruses and the bunyaviruses, but is not effective for the other families. All patients must be isolated and receive intensive supportive therapy.