tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection in the eastern woodchuck ( marmota monax ) with nucleoside analogues is predictive of therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus infection in humans
Authors: Brent E. Korba, Paul Cote, William Hornbuckle, Bud C. Tennant, John L. Gerin
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and its natural host, the Eastern woodchuck (Marmota monax), have been established as a model of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced disease. Several published studies have used this experimental animal model system to demonstrate potential antiviral therapies for chronic HBV infections. However, there has been little comparative information available on compounds used in clinical anti-HBV studies in WHV-infected woodchucks, thereby making interpretations of the potential relative effectiveness of new antiviral agents in humans more difficult. In this report, using a series of placebo-controlled studies, we compared the relative effectiveness of several nucleoside analogues that have been used in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic HBV infection against WHV replication in chronically infected woodchucks. Adenine-5'-arabinoside monophosphate (Ara-AMP [vidarabine]), ribavirin, (-)beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC [lamivudine]), and famciclovir (oral prodrug of penciclovir) induced depressions in viremia and intrahepatic WHV-DNA replication that were consistent with their relative effectiveness in anti-HBV human clinical trials. As observed in HBV-infected patients, 3' azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT [zidovudine]) had no effect on WHV replication in these studies. These experimental results more firmly establish chronic WHV infection in woodchucks as an accurate and predictive model for antiviral therapies against chronic HBV infection in humans and provide a baseline for comparative antiviral effects of other experimental antiviral agents in the WHV/woodchuck model system.
Comparison of gene expression profiles between human and mouse monocyte subsets
Authors: Molly A. Ingersoll, Rainer Spanbroek, Claudio Lottaz, Emmanuel L. Gautier, Marion Frankenberger, Reinhard Hoffmann, Roland Lang, Muzlifah Haniffa, Matthew Collin, Frank Tacke, Andreas J. R. Habenicht, Loems Ziegler-Heitbrock, Gwendalyn J. Randolph
Journal: Blood (2009)
Characterization of the Class I-Restricted gp100 Melanoma Peptide-stimulated Primary Immune Response in Tumor-Free Vaccine-draining Lymph Nodes and Peripheral Blood
Authors: Edwin B. Walker, William Miller, Daniel Haley, Kevin Floyd, Brendan Curti, Walter J. Urba
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

The aim of this study was to characterize the primary gp100(209-2M)-specific T-cell response in vaccine-draining, metastases-free lymph nodes and peripheral blood of peptide-vaccinated stage I to III melanoma patients.After two or three gp100(209-2M) vaccinations, sentinel lymph nodes that drained both the primary tumor and adjacent vaccine sites were excised concomitant with wide excision of the tumor. Comparative 7-color flow cytometry phenotype analysis was done on gp100 tetramer-positive CD8(+) T cells from sentinel lymph nodes, closely proximate time-related peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected 2 to 4 weeks after sentinel lymph node excision, and on PBMC collected 6 months later after 7 or 11 more immunizations. Lymph node and peripheral blood T cells were tested for proliferative response, functional avidity, and tumor cell-induced CD107 mobilization.The frequencies of gp100-specific CD8(+) T cells from time-related PBMC and sentinel lymph nodes were comparable and were similar to those reported for virus-specific memory T cells. Their respective in vitro proliferation responses were also equivalent but statistically higher than proliferation responses of peripheral blood T cells collected after completion of the entire vaccine regimen. By contrast, functional avidity and CD107 responses were significantly higher in circulating T cells. Sentinel lymph node-derived, gp100-specific CD8(+) T cells predominantly expressed central and effector memory phenotype signatures, whereas there were higher frequencies of effector T cells in the peripheral blood.Priming immunization with gp100(209-2M) without coadministration of CD4(+) helper T cell-restricted antigens induced the effective expansion of peptide-specific central and effector memory CD8(+) T cells with high proliferation potential in vaccine-draining lymph nodes of stage I to III melanoma patients. Lymph node memory T cells gave rise to circulating gp100-specific effector T cells exhibiting increased functional maturation.
[277] ENHANCEMENT OF VACCINE-MEDIATED ANTI-TUMOR IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AFTER DEPLETION OF REGULATORY T CELLS
Authors: H.H. Zhang, M.H. Mei, R. Fei, W.T. Liao, X.Y. Wang, X. Cong, L.L. Qin, Y. Ji, L. Wei, H.S. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Recommendations for patients undertaking self management of oral anticoagulation
Authors: D A Fitzmaurice, S J Machin
Journal: BMJ (2001)

disease management in terms of organisation, governance, and incentives.It will also provide recommendations for adoption, application, and dissemination of disease management models in daily practice.The challenge is to identify which patients will benefit from disease management and which outcomes will be improved. 15 16 The study should also yield a method of evaluating disease management models that can be accomplished quickly and take advantage of emerging databases and information systems. 17 ConclusionsThe shift from shared care to a disease management model in Maastricht came about partly through the demand from general practitioners for the diabetes nurses to expand their care from stable type 2 diabetic patients to other diabetic patients.This demand was supported by evidence that the shared care model was beneficial.Similar changes have taken place in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the region of Maastricht.Although the evidence obtained through health technology assessment should help increase the use of disease management models, the technique is itself faced with barriers to implementation. 15 These barriers may be placed by policymakers (differing perspectives, timeliness and accessibility of health technology assessment findings, reliability of study findings, incentives, and uncertainties), healthcare professionals (practice environment, knowledge and beliefs, lack of consensus, autonomy, and uncertainty), and the general public (financial barriers, information asymmetry, attitudes, and behaviour). 15 Although evidence is essential to increase dissemination of disease management models, legal, ethical, and organisational aspects as well as the social implications of switching to disease management also have a role. 4 14 17 The applied strategy of health technology assessment contains many elements for successful implementation, but it remains to be seen whether its findings will be put into practice.
Control of sodium and potassium transport in the cortical collecting duct of the rat. Effects of bradykinin, vasopressin, and deoxycorticosterone.
Authors: K Tomita, J J Pisano, M A Knepper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Several factors interact to maintain precise control of electrolyte transport in the mammalian cortical collecting duct. We have studied the effects of deoxycorticosterone, arginine vasopressin, and bradykinin on net transepithelial sodium and potassium transport in isolated, perfused rat cortical collecting ducts. Chronic administration of deoxycorticosterone to rats increased both sodium absorption and potassium secretion above very low basal levels. Consequently, deoxycorticosterone-treated rats were used for all remaining studies. Arginine vasopressin (10(-10) M in the bath) caused a sustained fourfold increase in net sodium absorption and a sustained threefold increase in net potassium secretion. Bradykinin (10(-9) M in the bath) caused a reversible 40-50% inhibition of net sodium absorption without affecting net potassium transport or the transepithelial potential difference. In the perfusate, up to 10(-6) M bradykinin had no effect. We conclude: As in rabbits, chronic deoxycorticosterone administration to rats increases sodium absorption and potassium secretion in cortical collecting ducts perfused in vitro. Arginine vasopressin causes a reversible increase in net potassium secretion and net sodium absorption. Bradykinin in the peritubular bathing solution reversibly inhibits net sodium absorption, possibly by affecting an electroneutral sodium transport pathway.
Optical Coherence Tomographic Evaluation of Foveal Hard Exudates in Patients with Diabetic Maculopathy Accompanying Macular Detachment
Authors: Masafumi Ota, Kazuaki Nishijima, Atsushi Sakamoto, Tomoaki Murakami, Kohei Takayama, Takahiro Horii, Nagahisa Yoshimura
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Radiologist missed 38 breast cancers in two years
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The delayed diagnoses of breast cancer in 18 women in north Manchester, one of whom has since died of the disease, have been blamed on the “individual failings” of one radiologist. 

The doctor missed 38 cancers in two years, but in 20 cases, his colleagues picked up his mistakes. 

But a report into the incident, commissioned by the NHS North West Strategic Health Authority, showed that the work of the radiologist went unaudited for 17 months after concerns about him were first raised. 

The report, written by Mark Baker, director of the Clinical Centre for Cancer at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, criticises the Trafford Healthcare NHS Trust, one of the two trusts involved, for “weaknesses and lack of leadership in the diagnostic role of the breast multidisciplinary team.” 

It shows that no steps were taken to audit the work of Amjad …
The Runner's High: Fact or Fiction?
Authors: David C. Levin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

During the last decade, running has become the leading athletic pastime of an estimated 20 million adult Americans. Accordingly, much attention has been focused recently on the physiological and psychological benefits of this sport. One of the more intriguing, if poorly understood, benefits is what is now commonly referred to as the runner's high, a state of euphoria allegedly experienced by trained distance runners and possibly related to exercise-induced β-endorphin secretion. This elusive entity has been widely proclaimed in running magazines, and even respected medical journals have lent credence to its existence. 1   I submit that in fact there is no such thing as the runner's high, elevation of plasma β-endorphin levels notwithstanding. It probably started out as a figment of someone's imagination and has become a myth perpetuated largely by those who stand to gain financially from it—such as manufacturers of running gear and publishers of books or magazines
Can we avoid bias?
Authors: Colin P Bradley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The cognitive processes we use in making diagnoses are characterised by heuristics and biases that are similar to those that underpin much human decision making.1 Although these processes are error prone, they have evolved as rapid and effective ways of making decisions in conditions of uncertainty and they are deeply ingrained in our psyche. Reducing such errors may be difficult and, indeed, some commentators are sceptical about whether such cognitive errors can be reduced at all.

Nevertheless, some strategies have been proposed to deal directly with cognitive errors, and these merit more consideration and field testing.2 These strategies involve what is sometimes …
Single-Wire Pressure and Flow Velocity Measurement to Quantify Coronary Stenosis Hemodynamics and Effects of Percutaneous Interventions
Authors: Maria Siebes, Bart-Jan Verhoeff, Martijn Meuwissen, Robbert J. de Winter, Jos A.E. Spaan, Jan J. Piek
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Lack of high-fidelity simultaneous measurements of pressure and flow velocity distal to a coronary artery stenosis has hampered the study of stenosis pressure drop–velocity (ΔP-v) relationships in patients. Methods and Results— A novel 0.014-inch dual-sensor (pressure and Doppler velocity) guidewire was used in 15 coronary lesions to obtain per-beat averages of pressure drop and velocity after an intracoronary bolus of adenosine. ΔP-v relations from resting to maximal hyperemic velocity were constructed before and after stepwise executed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Before PCI, half of the ΔP-v relations revealed the presence of a compliant stenosis, which was stabilized by angioplasty. Fractional flow reserve (FFR), coronary flow reserve (CFVR), and velocity-based indices of stenosis resistance (h-SRv) and microvascular resistance (h-MRv) at maximal hyperemia were compared. Stepwise PCI significantly lowered h-SRv, with an initial marked reduction in hyperemic pressure drop followed by further gains in velocity. A concomitant significant reduction of h-MRv accounted for half of the gain in velocity after PCI. The average magnitude of absolute incremental hemodynamic changes was highest for h-SRv (56.8±39.2%) compared with CFVR (35.3±34.5%, P &lt;0.005) or FFR (19.5±25.2%, P &lt;0.0001). Conclusions— ΔP-v relations comprehensively visualize improvements in coronary hemodynamics after PCI. h-SRv is a powerful and sensitive descriptor of the functional gain achieved by PCI, combining information about both pressure gradient and velocity, which are oppositely affected by PCI. Simultaneous assessment of stenosis and microvascular resistance may provide a valuable tool for guidance of PCI.
Absorption of the stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost through the ulcer base in chronic venous insufficiency
Authors: J. MEYER, C. GUNTHER, H. WERNER-SCHLENZKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Absorption of the stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost through the ulcer base in chronic venous insufficiency Get access J. MEYER, J. MEYER Klinikum der Stadt Gera, Department of Dermatology, Loreystraße 6, D‐6500 Gera, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. GÜNTHER, C. GÜNTHER Department of Pharmacokinetics, Schering AG, D‐1000 Berlin 65, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. WERNER‐SCHLENZKA H. WERNER‐SCHLENZKA Department of Clinical Development Dermatology, Schering AG, Müllerstraße 171, D‐1000 Berlin 65, Germany Dr Werner‐Schlenzka. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 5, 1 November 1993, Pages 571–574, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00486.x Published: 01 November 1993 Article history Accepted: 03 March 1993 Published: 01 November 1993
Different Methods To Bind Nanostrutured Hapten-Carrier Conjugates To A Solid Phase In Vitro Test To Determine IgE Antibodies To Betalactams.
Authors: C. Mayorga, M.I. Montañez, M.J. Torres, E. Perez-Inestrosa, A.J. Ruiz-Sanchez, J.L. Rodriguez-Bada, A. Ariza, C. Antunez, M. Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
REQUESTS FOR REPRINTS
Authors: Robert B. Taft
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> On page 828 of the July 4 issue, Dr. Richard Kovacs condemns the practice of certain persons using a penny postcard to request a reprint. He believes that any one requesting a reprint of an author should write a personal letter and enclose postage. I am not in accordance with his belief for the following reasons: I use my own funds to send out approximately eight hundred reprints of each of the articles I write, with the full knowledge that 90 per cent or more of these will receive no better than a casual glance before reaching the scrap basket; therefore, I feel that I can perfectly well afford to send reprints at my own expense to those who request them even by postcard. Though no mention is made in Dr. Kovacs's letter of acknowledging reprints, it is my belief that an acknowledgment is not required unless
An epidemiological study of oral contraceptives and breast cancer
Authors: M P Vessey, R. Doll, K. Jones, K. McPherson, D Yeates
Journal: BMJ (1979)

During 1968-77, 707 women aged 16-50 years with newly diagnosed breast cancer and 707 matched controls were interviewed at eight teaching hospitals in London and Oxford about their use of oral contraceptives. Eighty-six of the patients with breast cancer were matched with controls with gall-bladder disease; these subjects were omitted from the main analyses, which thus related to 621 case-control pairs. The results were reassuring. A few statistically significant differences in oral contraceptive use were found between the breast cancer and control groups, but the data were subdivided in many ways, so that some “significant” differences would have been expected to occur by chance. The only subgroup in which the evidence for a positive association between pill use and breast cancer was at all convincing comprised women aged 46-50 years, but trends in those aged 41-45 were by and large in the opposite direction and results of combined analysis gave no cause for concern. Information on clinical stage was available for 487 patients with breast cancer treated before the end of 1975. Those who had never used oral contraceptives had appreciably more advanced tumours at presentation than those who had been using the pill during the year before detection of the lump, while past users of the pill occupied an intermediate position. This difference in staging was reflected in the pattern of survival. Oral contraceptives may have had a beneficial effect on tumour growth and spread, though diagnostic bias could not be definitely excluded.
Physiological Findings in Schizophrenia-Reply
Authors: W. J. Fessel
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. Bellak rightly urges using stringent control groups for physiological studies of schizophrenia. Unfortunately no good control population lives under the same conditions as hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Other hospitalized subjects are unsatisfactory. Dr. Kety's studies, referred to by Dr. Bellak, showed only that many abnormalities may be ascribed to environmental artifacts: he never intended the too-frequent misinterpretation of his findings that<i>any</i>physiological abnormalities in schizophrenia must be artifacts. Dr. Bellak objects to findings in schizophrenia if they may also be found associated with stress. Yet similar findings do not require a common cause. The objection is puzzling, moreover, because current clinical bias considers that psychological stress is an important determinant of schizophrenia. It is illogical to hold that psychological stress is important but that its physical accompaniments are not. Presumably stress acts at a molecular level. I agree that no single factor will hold true for all schizophrenic patients.
Book Review Inborn Errors of Development: The Molecular Basis of Clinical Disorders of Morphogenesis (Oxford Monographs on Medical Genetics. No. 49.) Edited by Charles J. Epstein, Robert P. Erickson, and Anthony Wynshaw-Boris. 1082 pp., illustrated. New York, Oxford University Press, 2004. $265. 0-19-514502-X
Authors: José F. Cordero
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN RECURRENCE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: RESULTS FROM A NOVEL, PROLONGED-USE AND WEARABLE ECG PATCH
Authors: Joshua Vogt, Charles Bruce, Virend Somers, Kevin Bennet, DeJae Ladewig, Nancy Lexvold, Celeste Koestler, Paul Friedman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
P1216 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SIMEPREVIR PLUS PEG-INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH HCV GENOTYPE 1 – COMPARISON WITH TELAPREVIR PLUS PEG-INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN THERAPY AND PEG-INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN THERAPY
Authors: T. Nakajima, M. Kimura, T. Arakawa, Y. Kuwata, I. Ozeki, T. Sato, T. Ohmura, S. Hige, Y. Karino, J. Toyota
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Diesel Exhaust Inhalation Elicits Acute Vasoconstriction <i>in Vivo</i>
Authors: Alon Peretz, Jeffrey H. Sullivan, Daniel F. Leotta, Carol A. Trenga, Fiona N. Sands, Jason Allen, Chris Carlsten, Charles W. Wilkinson, Edward A. Gill, Joel D. Kaufman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Traffic-related air pollution is consistently associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent human and animal studies suggest that exposure to air pollutants affects vascular function. Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major source of traffic-related air pollution.Our goal was to study the effects of short-term exposure to DE on vascular reactivity and on mediators of vascular tone.In a double-blind, crossover, controlled exposure study, 27 adult volunteers (10 healthy and 17 with metabolic syndrome) were exposed in randomized order to filtered air (FA) and each of two levels of diluted DE (100 or 200 microg/m(3) of fine particulate matter) in 2-hr sessions. Before and after each exposure, we assessed the brachial artery diameter (BAd) by B-mode ultrasound and collected blood samples for endothelin-1 (ET-1) and catecholamines. Postexposure we also assessed endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD).Compared with FA, DE at 200 microg/m(3) elicited a decrease in BAd (0.11 mm; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.18), and the effect appeared linearly dose related with a smaller effect at 100 microg/m(3). Plasma levels of ET-1 increased after 200 microg/m(3) DE but not after FA (p = 0.01). There was no consistent impact of DE on plasma catecholamines or FMD.These results demonstrate that short-term exposure to DE is associated with acute endothelial response and vasoconstriction of a conductance artery. Elucidation of the signaling pathways controlling vascular tone that underlie this observation requires further study.
A Case in Which a Patient Removed Forty-Three Calculi by a Novel Method from his Own Bladder
Authors: J. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1885)

In addition, the word (5) "Insaiiitv " should be kept, and also (7) "General Paralysis," a disease so' strongly marked out by its charac- teristics as to render it incapable of being classified with ordinary mental disease.Concerning Epilepsy, I am doubtful.It is an attendant's term for a certain class of cases ; but, 'considering the fact that it accom- panies all the seven forms mentioned above, in many cases it can scarcely be counted apart from them without makiig the terms overlap.Mania, Melancholia, Exaltation, Dementia, Idiocy, 'and General Paralysis, combined with a free use of adjectives, ought to satisfy the most pedantic scholar, and it is not certain that the otie term "In- sanity " would not be sufficient tor all practical purposes.
EXTENDING THE CARE OF PREGNANCY
Authors: IRA L. HILL
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The question of prenatal care, or in other words, the supervision of pregnancy in the interest of mother and child, is attracting a great deal of attention. Have we any new measures to report? Has the laboratory or the clinician recently brought to light novel methods of therapy or prophylaxis? As a matter of fact, very little has been added to what has been known for years about the care of pregnancy. Yet some groups of women in this country are benefiting by good prenatal care and their mortality rate and that of their infants is being lowered, while the greater number suffer from inadequate care and the mortality statistics show the humiliating results. For twenty years the death rate from childbirth for women in America has not decreased.<sup>1</sup>Meanwhile, many formidable diseases have yielded to medical science and claim fewer and fewer victims. Tuberculosis, typhoid, diarrheal diseases of
PROCEDURAL AND IN-HOSPITAL COMPLICATIONS, TIME FROM PRESENTATION TO INVASIVE TREATMENT AND LENGTH OF HOSPITAL STAY IN FRAIL VERSUS NON-FRAIL OLDER (≥75 YEARS) PATIENTS WITH NON ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Murugapathy Veerasamy, Hannah Sinclair, Weiliang Qiu, Vijayalakshmi Kunadian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)