tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endosonography vs. conventional bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Martin von Bartheld, Artur Szlubowski, Felix Herth, Thais Mauad, Klaus Rabe, Jouke Annema
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  Tissue verification of non-caseating granulomas is recommended for diagnosing sarcoidosis. Granulomas can be detected by transbronchial lung biopsies at bronchoscopy (guideline standard) or alternatively by endosonography with fine-needle aspiration of intrathoracic lymph nodes. The current standard has limited diagnostic yield and is associated with pulmonary hemorrhage and pneumothoraces.  Methods  A randomized controlled trial to compare both diagnostic methods performed in 14 hospitals in 6 countries between 3/2009 and 11/2011. Patients with suspected sarcoidosis stage I/II in whom tissue verification was indicated were randomly assigned to bronchoscopy with transbronchial and endobronchial biopsies (arm A) or endosonography-guided fine-needle aspiration of mediastinal/hilar lymph nodes (arm B). Additionally, all patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The primary end point was the detection of granulomas.  Results  149 patients were randomized to bronchoscopy, 155 to endosonography. Significantly more granulomas were found in arm B (114 patients, 74%) versus arm A (72 patients, 48%) (p  Conclusions  Endosonography with nodal aspiration is superior to bronchoscopy with transbronchial and endobronchial biopsies for the assessment of granulomas in patients with sarcoidosis stage I/II.
Alteration of inflammatory mediators in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Ana Lapuente, Bienvenido Barreiro, Montserrat Alsina, Josep Lluis Heredia, Lourdes Lozano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

BACKGROUND

Alterations of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, adiponectin) in cardiovascular diseases has been widely studied.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between inflammatory mediators, Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Metabolic Syndrome (MS).

METHODS

We studied 140 patients with clinical suspicion of OSA from January 2007 to January 2008. Anthropometric data, smoking history and treatment were collected. Sleepiness was measured by the Epworth Scale. OSA was determined by a complete polysomnography, and AHI cut-off of 10 defined OSA. The morning after polysomnography a venous sample was obtained. Glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were determined. IL-6, TNF-α and adiponectin were analized by ELISA.

RESULTS

OSA was diagnosed in 104 patients (74.3%), 72.1% of them severe, 19,2% moderate and 9,6% mild. Mean age was 54.8 ± 11.7 years and 74.3% were male. Anthropometric data are shown in figure 1. MS was diagnosed in 85 (60%) patients (73 OSA and 12 non OSA). There were no differences in IL-6, TNF-α and adiponectin levels in patients with OSA and non OSA. Within the OSA group, MS patients had higher IL-6 levels than those without MS (p<0.01). IL-6 levels were correlated with AHI (r=0.3, p=0.01), but not adiponectin nor TNF-α.

![Figure][1] 



CONCLUSION

In our population, OSA is not associated with changes in levels of inflammatory mediators. However, the coexistence of MS increases inflammation in OSA.

 [1]: pending:yes
Mode of Immunosuppressive Action of Ehrlich Ascitic Fluid 2
Authors: Ivo Hršak, Tanja Marotti
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Mode of Immunosuppressive Action of Ehrlich Ascitic Fluid Get access Ivo Hršak, Ivo Hršak 3Laboratory for Experimental Therapy, Department of Experimental Biology and Medicine, “Ruder Bošković” Institute, Zagreb, Bijenička 54, Yugoslavia. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tanja Marotti Tanja Marotti 3Laboratory for Experimental Therapy, Department of Experimental Biology and Medicine, “Ruder Bošković” Institute, Zagreb, Bijenička 54, Yugoslavia. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 4, October 1974, Pages 1113–1119, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.4.1113 Published: 01 October 1974 Article history Received: 15 April 1974 Accepted: 24 June 1974 Published: 01 October 1974
Chemotherapy of Human Yolk Sac Tumor Heterotransplanted in Nude Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Masumi Sawada, Yoshiaki Matsui, Yoshio Okudaira
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The chemotherapeutic effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum+ vinblastine+bleomycin (PVB) on 3 human yolk sac tumors (YST-1, YST-2, and YST-3) of the ovary, which were heterotransplanted into BALB/c nude mice, were compared with the effects of vincristine+ actinomycin D+cyclophosphamide (VAC), the combination currently favored for treatment of yolk sac tumors. PVB and VAC therapies were performed for 3 weeks. Both PVB and VAC significantly reduced the tumor volume of all the treated tumors. The mean weights of tumors in animals treated with PVB or VAC were, in percent of the mean tumor weight in untreated animals: 1.3 and 1.6 for YST-1 , 2.5 and 3.3 for YST-2, and 5.5 and 2.7 for YST-3, respectively. A strong correlation was noted between tumor volume and alpha-fetoprotein level in the sera of mice bearing YST-1 or TST-2 tumors.
Functional status of elderly people treated for asthma-related symptoms: a population based case-control study
Authors: C Nejjari, JF Tessier, P Barberger-Gateau, H Jacqmin, JF Dartigues, R Salamon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

There are few data on the disability caused by asthma in elderly subjects. The aim of this survey was to assess the functional status of a population aged 65 years or more, being treated for asthma-related symptoms. A representative sample of 3,777 elderly people, living at home in the South-West of France, was surveyed using a standardized questionnaire on factors of ageing and their consequences. To assess the functional status, five scales were used: Activities of Daily Living (ADL); Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL); Rosow and Breslau scale; Mobility; and a Subjective Health Scale. Patients treated for asthma-related symptoms were identified by means of their use of the anti-asthma drugs mentioned in the questionnaire. In a second stage, the presence of asthma-related symptoms was further established by enquiring from their general practitioners and by direct questioning of the patients. Among 135 subjects taking anti-asthma drugs, 83 (61%) had positive responses to specific questions, either from their doctors or from themselves, allowing them to be identified as "asthmatic". In comparison with a control group matched for age and sex (n = 166; two controls for each patient), asthmatic patients had a higher dependence in the IADL scale, a greater self-assessment of poor health, and a greater handicap in mobility. However, they had the same level of ADL disability as controls. Despite adjustment for residential area, depressive symptoms, Mini Mental Status (MMS) Exam score, visual and auditory impairment, and joint pain, patients treated for asthma still had a higher risk of disability in daily life, and a poorer subjective health than controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Delayed Recovery and Increased Severity of Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Pilar de la Morena Barrio, María Ángeles Vicente Conesa, Enrique González-Billalabeitia, Edgar Urrego, Elisa García-Garre, Elena García-Martínez, Marta Zafra Poves, Vicente Vicente, Francisco Ayala de la Peña
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Purpose: Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as a risk factor for chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity, its true impact on intensity and time course of peripheral neuropathy is still unclear. The goal was to analyze the relevance of preexisting DM to weekly paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN). Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study (1:2) including a total of 129 patients with breast cancer (43 with DM and 86 controls) treated with single-agent weekly paclitaxel (wP). Results: Compared with controls, patients with DM treated with wP experienced PIPN more frequently (74.4% vs 58.4%; P=.016) and with higher severity (grade 2–3: 51.2% vs 27.7%; P=.014). A significant delay in PIPN resolution was observed in women with DM (P=.001) and, in a multivariate analysis, DM was the only independent predictor for delayed recovery (hazard ratio [HR], 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05–0.55; P=.003). After 2 years, 68.7% of patients with DM (vs 29.2% of women without DM) still experienced PIPN, which was functionally significant (grade 2–3) in 18.2%. Conclusions: Significantly more dose delays and reductions because of PIPN occurred in patients with DM. Preexisting DM associates with long-lasting significant PIPN in patients treated with wP. Benefits and risks of long-term significant PIPN should be carefully balanced in patients with DM before starting wP chemotherapy.
The effect of breath size and posture on calibration of the respiratory inductive plethysmograph by multiple linear regression
Authors: JA Verschakelen, K Deschepper, I Clarysse, M Demedts
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

The accuracy of the respiratory inductive plethysmograph (Respitrace) for estimation of lung volume changes during quiet breathing and vital capacity (VC) manoeuvres was evaluated using a variant of the multiple linear regression (MLR) technique. We applied this technique successively on quiet breathing, on the whole VC, and on each of the four quarters of the VC separately. This was carried out in six body positions. The best estimation of tidal volumes was obtained when calibration factors calculated during quiet breathing were used. The best estimation of VC was obtained when the calibration factors were adapted to the level of lung inflation. These results indicate that, using a single position MLR calibration method, the Respitrace measures tidal and VC mouth volumes very accurately. The accuracy of this MLR method for estimation of the rib cage and abdominal contributions was validated by comparison with isovolume calibration factors. Both techniques gave very similar results during tidal breathing. However, the MLR calibration factors may have no physiological meaning (i.e. for volume partitioning) when they are calculated from VC manoeuvres, in which more than two degrees of freedom are involved.
Nicotine impairs inflammation-induced airway relaxation in a in vitro murine model of asthma
Authors: Yuan Xu, Lars-Olaf Cardell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Cigarette smoke worsens asthmatic symtoms and increases the risk for exacerbation. The present study investigates the effects of nicotine on airway relaxations in isolated murine tracheal segments.

Segments were cultured for 24h in presence of vehicle, nicotine (10 μM) and/or dexamethasone (1 μM). Airway relaxations were assessed in myographs after pre-contraction with carbachol. Inflammatory mediator expressions were assessed by qRT-PCR.

Organ culture per se selectively increased dilation to bradykinin (selective kinin B2 receptor agonist) and des-Arg9-bradykinin (selective kinin B1 receptor agonist). The relaxations were epithelium- and COX-2-dependent and accompanied with drastically enhanced mRNA levels of kinin B1 and B2 receptors, as well as COX-1 COX-2 and mPGES-1, and inflammatory mediators MCP-1 and iNOS.

Nicotine selectively suppressed the organ-culture-enhanced relaxations. MG624 (α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor inhibitor) blocked the nicotine effects on the kinin B2 receptors, but not B1. Kinin receptor mRNA expressions were not affected by nicotine, whereas the mPGES-1 expression was reduced along with similar tendency for COX-2. Dexamethasone further attenuated nicotine-impaired airway relaxations along with suppression of inflammatory mediators.

Hence, it is tempting to conclude that a local inflammatory process per se could be beneficial to airways by increasing the kinin receptor mediated relaxations and that nicotine added as a result of smoking might impede this safety mechanism. Dexamethasone fails to reverse nicotine’s detrimental effects, but rather further impair the airway relaxations. The latter might contribute to cortisone resistance often seen among smokers.
Low Levels of Unmodified Insulin Glargine in Plasma of People With Type 2 Diabetes Requiring High Doses of Basal Insulin
Authors: Paola Lucidi, Francesca Porcellati, Hannele Yki-Järvinen, Matthew C. Riddle, Paola Candeloro, Anna Marinelli Andreoli, Geremia B. Bolli, Carmine G. Fanelli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Glargine metabolism has been studied in insulin-treated people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at usual glargine doses of 0.4–0.8 units/kg/day (1,2). In some obese subjects with insulin-resistant T2D, higher basal insulin doses are needed, and the question of safety of glargine (3) is therefore still relevant. Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of cancer is especially elevated in obese individuals with insulin-resistant diabetes requiring high insulin doses (4). Unmodified insulin glargine has been suggested to confer a higher risk of cancer (3), but prior studies have shown that, at usual doses, an active metabolite (M1) with actions similar to human insulin is the main circulating molecule after glargine injection (1,2).

The aim of the current study was to establish the plasma levels of insulin glargine (M0) and its metabolites M1 and M2 (1,2) in subjects with T2D treated long-term with glargine dose ≥1.2 units/kg/day.

Blood samples of 10 subjects with T2D (male/female 5/5, age 56 ± 10 years, BMI 37.9 ± 7.9 kg/m2, A1C 8.9 ± 1.3% …
Late-breaking abstract: Expression of IFN-g/IL-10 in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients and household contacts
Authors: Sumanlatha Gaddam, Lavanya Joshi, Hari Sai Priya Vanacherla, Anuradha Bandaru, Vijayalakshmi Valluri
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

There is an increase in the prevalence of tuberculosis in young adults. Since,cytokine mediated immune responses to  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  infection are important determinants of disease development and pathology, the aim was to investigate the role of candidate cytokines in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients (APTB) of younger age (15to25yrs) & their HouseHold Contacts (HHC). T cell assays were stimulated with r32-kDa antigen of  M.bovis  BCG (Ag85A-BCG), IFN-g & IL-10 were measured in the culture supernatants by ELISA in APTB (15), HHC (PPD-positive) (15) & Healthy Controls (HC) (PPD status not known) (15). Expression levels were determined by quantitative real time-PCR in 4 individuals from each group. The mean proliferative responses of stimulated cells were significantly low (p
Chromosomal Characteristics and Neoplastic Transformation of C3H Mouse Embryo Cells &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; in Horse and Fetal Calf Serum
Authors: Virginia J. Evans, Jay L. Jackson, William F. Andresen, John T. Mitchell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Journal Article Chromosomal Characteristics and Neoplastic Transformation of C3H Mouse Embryo Cells In Vitro in Horse and Fetal Calf Serum Get access Virginia J. Evans, Virginia J. Evans Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jay L. Jackson, Jay L. Jackson Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William F. Andresen, William F. Andresen Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John T. Mitchell John T. Mitchell Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 38, Issue 5, May 1967, Pages 761–769, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/38.5.761 Published: 01 May 1967 Article history Received: 15 September 1966 Revision received: 14 December 1966 Published: 01 May 1967
Randomized Comparison of ACVBP and m-BACOD in the Treatment of Patients With Low-Risk Aggressive Lymphoma: The LNH87-1 Study
Authors: Hervé Tilly, Nicolas Mounier, Pierre Lederlin, Josette Brière, Brigitte Dupriez, Catherine Sebban, André Bosly, Pierre Biron, Catherine Nouvel, Raoul Herbrecht, Dominique Bordessoule, Bertrand Coiffier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

To compare a short intensified regimen followed by sequential consolidation therapy (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, and prednisone [ACVBP]) to the standard regimen of methotrexate, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (m-BACOD) in patients with low-risk aggressive lymphoma.A total of 752 patients with intermediate- or high-grade lymphoma and no adverse prognostic factors (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 to 4, >/= two extranodal sites of disease, tumor burden >/= 10 cm in largest dimension, bone marrow or CNS involvement, Burkitt's or lymphoblastic subtypes) were registered. Of 673 eligible patients, 332 received ACVBP and 341 received m-BACOD.The complete remission rate was identical (86%) in the two groups. With a median follow-up duration of 7 years, the 5-year failure-free survival (FFS) rate was 65% in the ACVBP group and 61% in the m-BACOD group (P =.16). The 5-year overall survival rate was 75% in the ACVBP group and 73% in the m-BACOD group (P =.47). ACVBP was responsible for more severe and life-threatening infections (P <.01), but m-BACOD caused more pulmonary toxicity (P <.001). The number of treatment-related deaths did not differ between the two regimens. A multivariate analysis indicated that ACVBP was associated with a longer FFS in patients with two or three risk factors of the International Prognostic Index.In this population of patients with low-risk aggressive lymphoma, toxicities of the regimens are different, but the rates of response and survival are identical. The survival advantage of ACVBP over standard regimen in patients with advanced disease is suggested by this analysis but remains to be assessed in prospective studies specifically designed for this purpose.
Efficacy of lenograstim on hematologic tolerance to MAID chemotherapy in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma and consequences on treatment dose-intensity.
Authors: B N Bui, B Chevallier, C Chevreau, I Krakowski, A M Peny, A Thyss, C Maugard-Louboutin, D Cupissol, P Fargeot, F Bonichon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

This two-arm, double-blind, randomized trial was conducted to determine the effects of lenograstim, a glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rHu-G-CSF), on the hematologic tolerance of patients with sarcoma treated with mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and doxorubicin (MAID) chemotherapy.Forty-eight patients with metastatic or locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma were, following the first cycle of a combination with doxorubicin 60 mg/m2, ifosfamide 7.5 g/m2, and dacarbazine 900 mg/m2, ifosfamide 7.5 g/m2, and dacarbazine 900 mg/m2 given on days 1 to 3, randomized to receive either lenograstim 5 micrograms/kg/d by once-daily injection from day 4 to day 13, or its vehicle. For subsequent cycles, 28 patients continued on the same chemotherapy and lenograstim was systematically given as prophylactic treatment in an open manner.Following the first cycle of MAID, the duration of neutropenia was reduced in patients who received lenograstim as compared with those who received placebo, with a median duration of neutropenia ( < 0.5 x 10(9)/L neutrophils) of 0 days (range, 0 to 3) and 5 days (range, 0 to 10), respectively (P < .001). All patients who received lenograstim had recovered at least 1 x 10(9)/L neutrophils (polymorphonuclear lymphocytes [PMN]) on day 14, compared with only one of 26 in the placebo group (P < .001). The median time to recover this neutrophil level was 12 days (range, 10 to 13) and 17 days (range, 14 to 21), respectively (P < .001). Neutropenic fever occurred in five (23%) and 15 (58%) patients respectively (P = .02). Twenty-eight patients received at least two cycles (median, four) of MAID at the same dose. Toxicity remained constant across all treatment cycles. A progressive increase in thrombocytopenia was noted, with median platelet nadirs of 102 x 10(9)/L at cycle 2 and 19.5 x 10(9)/L at cycle 6, but did not result in significant treatment modifications. Consequently, median relative dose-intensities remained greater than 0.95 for up to six consecutive MAID cycles.Lenograstim significantly improved hematologic tolerance in patients treated with the MAID chemotherapy regimen and, therefore, allowed optimal adhesion to the theoretic doses planned for up to six cycles. Whether such an optimization in relative dose-intensity will result in an improvement of treatment efficacy remains to be determined.
Evaluation of 8-isoprostane as a biomarker of oxidative stress in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Susanna Fedeli, Valentina Negro, Maria Chiara Supino, Susanna Bonafoni, Alessandra Tabarrini, Laura Papini, Milena Margiotta, Giovanna Gentile, Maria Pia Villa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Hypoxia-reoxigenation, characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), induces an increase of products of non-enzymatic free radical-catalyzed lipidic peroxidation, such as 8-isoprostane (8IsoP).

Aim: To evaluate urinary 8IsoP values in children with OSAS.

Methods: Thirty-eight children with OSAS (mean age:6.23±2.08yr, range:3.16-10.83yr M/F:26/12), underwent urinary collection at the morning after nocturnal polysomnography. 8Isop levels were measured with an enzyme immunoassay and corrected by urinary creatinine (uCR) levels.

Results : According to the AHI (Apnoea/Hypopnea index, cut off>5 events/hours of sleep) obtained from polysomnography, we found 20 subjects (Group 1) with snoring/minimum OSAS (mean AHI:1.48±1.44 ev/hr; mean overnight oxygen saturation, SaO2:97.64±0.63%) and 18 subjects (Group 2) with moderate/severe OSAS (mean AHI:11.98±7.97 ev/hr; mean SaO2:96.51±1.98%). Compared to Group 1, urinary 8IsoP value was higher in Group 2 (1.10±0.66ng/mg uCR vs 0.76±0.36ng/mg uCR. p=0.046) and age was lower (5.45±1.69yr vs 6.93±2.18yr. p=0.033). We found a negative correlation between SaO2 and urinary 8IsoP (r=-0.42; p=0.009) and a positive correlation between AHI and urinary 8IsoP (r=0.32; 0.05<p<0.1). Linear regression analysis, performed using as dependent variable values of urinary 8Isop and as independent variables age, AHI, SaO2, showed that SaO2 and age were predictors for levels of urinary 8Isop (R:0.530; RSquare:0.281).

Conclusion: Our data show that values of urinary 8IsoP are related to OSAS severity and SaO2. Further studies are needed to assess usefulness of urinary 8Isop as a marker of inflammation likely due to oxidative stress.