tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changing clinical picture of neurosyphilis.
Authors: B. Levy
Journal: BMJ (1968)

MEBDICH 491 or to erythromycin emerged during or after that trial, though lincomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus appeared and became fairly common in the unit during the trial.Later, when lincomycin was no longer used, lincomycin-resistant staphylococci became scarce and soon disappeared.
Suppressive effect of alcoholic liver disease sera on lymphocyte transformation
Authors: G. P. Young, F. J. Dudley, M. B. Van Der Weyden
Journal: Gut (1979)

The effect of alcoholic patient sera on in vitro lymphocyte transformation was studied using mitogen-induced uptake of (3)H-thymidine to measure blastogenesis. With pokeweed mitogen as the stimulus, transformation of normal lymphocytes in sera of alcoholics with either normal or fatty livers was not significantly different from that obtained in pooled human serum (PHS). However, in sera of patients with either alcoholic hepatitis or inactive cirrhosis mean transformation was significantly reduced (P <0.001, <0.02 respectively). With phytohaemagglutinin-P or concanavalin A as mitogens, suppression of transformation was not as marked but followed the same pattern. A significant negative correlation was observed between the magnitude of transformation and serum bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase levels. An intra-patient comparison of the effects on transformation of normal lymphocytes by simultaneously collected peripheral and portal venous sera, and of peripheral sera obtained before and after portasystemic shunt surgery, indicated that the factor(s) responsible did not originate in the splanchnic circulation nor did it accumulate in the serum because of failed hepatic clearance. By performing transformation experiments in the presence of inhibitory patient sera diluted with PHS it was possible to show that these sera caused true inhibition of transformation rather than suppression due to failure to sustain cell culture because of nutritional deficiencies. Inhibitory sera did not contain high levels of the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase and did not significantly inhibit binding of (125)I-labelled mitogens to the lymphocyte surface. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effect of sera from alcoholics is of potential in vivo importance, that the effect increases with the degree of heptocyte damage, and that it is unrelated to the nonhepatic metabolic affects of chronic alcoholism.
Intense FDG Activity in Peritoneal Tuberculosis Mimics Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Amol M. Takalkar, Gabriel L. Bruno, Madhusudhan Reddy, David L. Lilien
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

FDG PET imaging, an established modality for evaluation of several malignancies, also shows increased uptake in inflammatory conditions. We present a case of a 29-year-old woman with abdominal pain without constitutional symptoms. Conventional imaging studies indicated peritoneal neoplasm with omental involvement and PET/CT to assess for malignant disease in the abdomen–pelvis showing intense FDG accumulation in the areas of those abnormalities. However, histopathology failed to reveal malignancy and further laboratory testing finally confirmed peritoneal tuberculosis. The literature documenting FDG accumulation in tuberculous lesions is sparse and patterns of FDG accumulation in tuberculosis need to be evaluated.
Cryotherapy of viral warts: a sustained 10-s freeze is more effective than the traditional method.
Authors: M. Connolly, K. Bazmi, M. O'Connell, J.F. Lyons, J.F. Bourke
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Cryotherapy of viral warts: a sustained 10‐s freeze is more effective than the traditional method Get access M. Connolly, M. Connolly Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary—Victoria Hospital, Old Blackrock Road, Cork, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Bazmi, K. Bazmi Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary—Victoria Hospital, Old Blackrock Road, Cork, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. O'Connell, M. O'Connell Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary—Victoria Hospital, Old Blackrock Road, Cork, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.F. Lyons, J.F. Lyons Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary—Victoria Hospital, Old Blackrock Road, Cork, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.F. Bourke J.F. Bourke Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary—Victoria Hospital, Old Blackrock Road, Cork, Ireland Dr J.F.Bourke. E‐mail: jfbourke@iol.ie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 4, 1 October 2001, Pages 554–557, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04449.x Published: 01 October 2001
Abstract 3067: microRNAS implicated in the regulation of NF-κB activity in glioma tumors.
Authors: Stefan Haemmig, Erik Vassella
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Gliomas are among the most prognostically discouraging neoplasia in human and there is basically no curative option for glioma patients. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a key effector associated with temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioma tumours. This is at least in part due to down-regulation of TNFAIP3, which is a critical negative regulator of NF-κB activity. Downregulation of this gene is strongly associated with resistance to TMZ, but the molecular mechanism of dysregulation is largely unknown. We hypothesize that microRNAs that are implicated in the NF-κB pathway may be important regulators of resistance to alkylating agents in glioma tumours. TNFAIP3 is a predicted target of brain-enriched microRNAs miR-125a and miR-125b. Consistent with these findings, luciferase activity assays of reporter plasmids containing miR-125a/b target sites revealed that TNFAIP3 is directly regulated by physiological concentrations of miR-125a/b. In addition, overexpression of miR-125a/b resulted in reduced mRNA and protein levels of TNFAIP3 and, as a consequence, also in a significant induction of NF-κB activity. Consistent with these findings, glioblastoma cells overexpressing these miRNAs showed a strong upregulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and BIRC3. Interestingly, this was significantly associated with resistance of glioma cells to TNFalpha- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis and also resistance to TMZ. A siRNA directed against TNFAIP3 and miR-125a/b gave rise to similar phenotypes suggesting that TNFAIP3 is a major target of miR-125a/b. In glioblastoma tissues, high level expression of either miRNA was highly correlated with nuclear localisation of NF-κB confirming that miR-125a/b are implicated in NF-κB signalling. Most remarkably, miR-125a/b expression was clearly associated with shorter overall survival of patients treated with TMZ, suggesting that these miRNAs are important predictors of response to therapy. However, we found no correlation between miR-125a/b levels and the MGMT methylation status. In conclusion, miR-125a/b expression is a predictor of the patient's response to chemotherapy. Since miR-125a/b confers resistance to TMZ, antisense miR-125a/b might potentially be used in adjuvant therapy for the treatment of glioma tumours. Citation Format: Stefan Haemmig, Erik Vassella. microRNAS implicated in the regulation of NF-κB activity in glioma tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3067. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3067
Effects of a Home-Based Walking Intervention on Mobility and Quality of Life in People With Diabetes and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Tracie C. Collins, Scott Lunos, Teri Carlson, Kimberly Henderson, Marissa Lightbourne, Brittney Nelson, James S. Hodges
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE Determine the efficacy of a home-based walking intervention to improve walking ability and quality of life in people with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a randomized, controlled, single-blind trial within university-affiliated clinics in our local community. We randomized 145 participants (45 women) with diabetes and PAD to our intervention—a 6-month behavioral intervention targeting levels of readiness to engage in routine walking for exercise—versus attention control. Our primary outcome was 6-month change in maximal treadmill walking distance. Secondary outcomes included 3-month change in maximal walking distance, lower limb function (i.e., walking impairment scores), quality of life (Medical Outcomes Short Form Survey), exercise behaviors, depressive symptoms, and self-efficacy at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 66.5 (SD 10.1) years. Intervention and control groups did not differ significantly in 6-month change in maximal treadmill walking distance (average [SE] 24.5 [19.6] meters vs. 39.2 [19.6] meters; P = 0.60). Among secondary outcomes, for the intervention and control groups, respectively, average walking speed scores increased by 5.7 [2.2] units and decreased by 1.9 [2.8] units (P = 0.03); the mental health quality of life subscale score increased by 3.2 [1.5] and decreased by 2.4 [1.5] units (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A home-based walking intervention did not improve walking distance but did improve walking speed and quality of life in people with diabetes and PAD. Clinicians should consider recommending home-based walking therapy for such patients.
THE INHIBITION OF BEHAVIOR: WORKING CONCEPTS
Authors: D. EWEN CAMERON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

1. The minute-to-minute effectiveness of the individual is maintained in part by mechanisms that inhibit potentially disruptive behavior. 2. The term inhibition has been used as being much broader than suppression and repression, and as showing interrelationships not recognized when these latter terms are used-e.g., with such diverse matters as concentration and dissociation, the resumption of interrupted tasks, depressive reactions and manic states. 3. The inhibition of potentially disruptive behavior is described in terms of an interplay between four main forces :— (a) The transitory inhibition exerted by the ongoing activity of the moment. (b) The intensification of inhibition through integration with stronger motivations. (c) The persistent inhibition exerted by basic concepts laid down by intense personal experience or by cultural indoctrination. (d) The inherent tendency of the individual to normalize his behavior; in this instance, to desensitize and integrate inhibited, intensified action tendencies by obtaining expression for them in reality, in fantasy, and in dreaming. This constitutes a denial of the assertion that the principle of wish fulfillment is of universal validity in explaining dream formation. Normalization is posited as a factor of major importance in psychodynamics. 4. Stress has been laid on the fact that basic concepts exert their inhibitory powers in virtue of their degree of intensification, and not in virtue of their content. This has immense significance in understanding some of the origins of deviant behavior in terms of the divergence between intensely held cultural beliefs and the actualities of human activity. It has no less significance in illuminating the fact that beliefs and designs for behavior held to be noxious in one society may in another show no evidence of producing personality damage.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Gene Expression Profiles in Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells: Effect of pretreatment with Th1/Th2-type cytokines
Authors: Y. Yamada, S. Yoshihara, K. Matsumoto, M. Saikusa, N. Hashimoto, T. Homma, O. Arisaka, H. Saito
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Use of a biothesiometer to measure individual vibration thresholds and their variation in 519 non-diabetic subjects.
Authors: S Bloom, S Till, P Sonksen, S Smith
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A series of 519 non-diabetic subjects had vibration thresholds at three points measured using a biothesiometer. Thresholds appeared to be log normally distributed and increased with age. Centile charts of this relation were derived from the data giving a range for normal thresholds. The biothesiometer provides a quick and reliable assessment of vibration thresholds, which when related to the centile charts gives an objective measure of the progress of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Effects of vitamin E deficiency on hepatic mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and oxidative metabolism in rats with chronic dietary iron overload
Authors: Bruce R. Bacon, Robert S. Britton, Rosemary O’Neill
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Peroxidative decomposition of organelle membrane phospholipids with subsequent organelle dysfunction is a postulated mechanism of liver cell injury in parenchymal iron overload. We studied the effects of different α-tocopherol concentrations on hepatic mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and oxidative metabolism in rats with chronic dietary iron overload. There was no evidence of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (conjugated dienes) or alteration in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in α-tocopherol-deficient rats with normal hepatic iron levels. Significant reductions in mitochondrial respiratory control ratios and oxidative phosphorylation ratios were seen in association with increased conjugated dienes in all three groups of iron-loaded rats regardless of the α-tocopherol status (deficient, normal or excess); thus, the α-tocopherol deficiency associated with dietary iron overload in this experimental model is not responsible for the mitochondrial abnormalities observed. In addition, chronic parenteral administration of α-tocopherol to iron-loaded animals, which increased hepatic levels of this substance 3-fold, did not ameliorate the hepatic mitochondrial lipid peroxidation or the defects in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism resulting from iron overload.
Thyroid Hormone and Male Gonadal Function*
Authors: EMMANUELE A. JANNINI, SALVATORE ULISSE, MASSIMINO D'ARMIENTO
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1995)

WHILE the effects of hyper- and hypothyroidism1 in female gonadal functions are well established (1, 2), controversy exists regarding the impact of thyroid diseases on male reproduction. This is due to various reasons: 1) the apparent clinical irrelevance of signs and symptoms related to male gonadal function, compared with the systemic effects of hyper- and hypothyroidism; 2) the paucity of well controlled clinical studies, due to the fact that thyroid diseases are more common in females than in males; and 3) the demonstration in the 1950s that the adult male gonad of experimental animals is metabolically unresponsive to thyroid hormone (3). Since then, the concept that the testis is unaffected by iodothyronines became widely accepted. For this reason, the potential of thyroid hormone in the modulation of male reproductive functions was not determined for several years. Indeed, in experimental studies on the effect of thyroid hormone in various tissues, the testis has been used as a negative control. This review, in the light of clinical reports and experimental results, will refute this assumption. The body of the review consists of two parts. In the first part the effects of hyper- and hypothyroidism in man on gonadotropin release, sex steroid hormone metabolism, and testicular and sexual functions, both in adulthood and childhood, are discussed. In the second part/animal studies are reviewed. In the rat, which is the most used experimental model, the in vivo and in vitro effects of thyroid hormone on reproductive physiology are discussed. The last section summarizes studies on other animals, from primates to amphibians, and considers the role of the thyroid gland in regulating the seasonal pattern of reproduction.
Oesophageal carcinoma in Sri Lanka.
Authors: S S Kantha
Journal: Gut (1990)

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with asthma and wheezing. Occupational group, educational level and income are commonly used indicators for SES, but no single indicator can illustrate the entire complexity of SES. The aim was to investigate how different indicators of SES associate with current asthma, allergic and nonallergic, and asthmatic wheeze. In 2016, a random sample of the population aged 20–79 years in Northern Sweden were invited to a postal questionnaire survey, with 58% participating (n=6854). The survey data were linked to the national Integrated Database for Labour Market Research by Statistics Sweden for the previous calendar year, 2015. Included SES indicators were occupation, educational level and income. Manual workers had increased risk for asthmatic wheeze, and manual workers in service for current asthma, especially allergic asthma. Primary school education associated with nonallergic asthma, whereas it tended to be inversely associated with allergic asthma. Low income was associated with asthmatic wheeze. Overall, the findings were more prominent among women, and interaction analyses between sex and income revealed that women, but not men, with low income had an increased risk both for asthmatic wheeze and current asthma, especially allergic asthma. To summarise, the different indicators of socioeconomic status illustrated various aspects of associations between low SES and asthma and wheeze, and the most prominent associations were found among women.
Interaction between overdrive excitation and overdrive suppression in canine Purkinje fibres
Authors: F. VALENZUELA, M. VASSALLE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

The interaction between overdrive excitation and overdrive suppression was studied in canine Purkinje fibres perfused in vitro with a solution containing noradrenaline (10−6 mol·litre−1) and/or high calcium (8.1 mmol·litre−1). The following results were obtained: 1) in the presence of either high calcium or noradrenaline, a fast drive induced at times an acceleration of the spontaneous rhythm; 2) the simultaneous administration of high calcium and noradrenaline quite often allowed the onset of overdrive excitation that showed different patterns; 3) short (5 to 10 s) and fast (60 to 180 min) drives elicited a rhythm that was fastest immediately after overdrive, gradually slowed toward control and could be followed by suppression; 4) in other instances, overdrive caused little acceleration but failed to induce suppression; 5) drives longer than 15 s usually induced only suppression, although there could be a few beats before suppression; 6) intermittent drive led to an initial excitation and then to suppression; 7) driving at a rate slower than the spontaneous rate caused a temporary suppression of the spontaneous discharge which resumed even if the slow drive continued; 8) excitation was not induced by overdriving in low calcium, even in the presence of noradrenaline. It is concluded that many of the in vivo features of overdrive excitation can be reproduced in vitro in small strands of Purkinje fibres. The relationship between overdrive excitation and overdrive suppression involves the opposing actions of drive on the oscillatory potential and on diastolic depolarisation.
Fibrinolytic therapy of St. Jude valve thrombosis under guidance of digital cinefluoroscopy
Authors: Lawrence S.C. Czer, Mason Weiss, Timothy M. Bateman, J. Martin Pfaff, Michele DeRobertis, Neal Eigler, Ran Vas, Jack M. Matloff, Richard J. Gray
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Trusts face damages after forcing women to have caesareans
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Two NHS trusts face a five figure damages claim after the Court of Appeal ruled last week that they acted unlawfully in detaining a veterinary nurse under the Mental Health Act and forcing her to undergo a caesarean section against her will.

Three judges held that Louize Collins, an approved social worker for the London Borough of Merton, unlawfully sectioned the 30 year old woman, named only as Ms S to protect her 2 year old daughter's identity. Her detention at Springfield Hospital, south London, by Pathfinder Mental Health Services Trust was also held to be unlawful, as was her transfer to and detention at St George's Hospital, where the operation was performed.

The judges ruled that the operation itself was unlawful and therefore a trespass, even though a High Court judge had sanctioned …
Reassessment of patients with esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: A. Das, A. Chak
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Esophageal cancer is the eighth leading cause of cancer with worldwide estimates of more than 400,000 new cases and over 300,000 cancer related deaths annually [1]. Given the uniformly poor results achieved with surgical intervention alone, treatment at many centers has shifted to a multimodality approach that incorporates pre-operative neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy in patients with invasive disease who are potential candidates for subsequent surgical resection [2]. There are several rationales for this treatment strategy. First, down-staging may lead to improved surgical resectability. Second, the use of neoadjuvant therapy up front may prevent the systemic spread of cancer more effectively than post-operative chemo-radiotherapy, which is often deferred for several months to allow for surgical recovery. Third, chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) may be better tolerated preoperatively. Fourth, the tumor tissue may be better oxygenated prior to surgery leading to a higher kill of cancerous cells. Finally, a rather pessimistic argument in favor of neoadjuvant therapy is that sub-clinical metastatic disease may manifest itself in the preoperative period during which the neoadjuvant therapy is being administered and these patients may be spared extensive surgical resection [3]. Although neoadjuvant therapy is supported by sound clinical logic, results from available studies evaluating the role of neoadjuvant therapy in this setting are promising but still equivocal. While two large trials (the United Kingdom MAGIC trial [4] and the UK Medical research Council trial [5]) showed survival advantage with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, another large study from the US (the US Intergroup trial [6]) failed to show any major benefit. A meta-analysis from the Cochrane review group found improved 5-year survival in patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, the improved survival could not be explained on the basis of proportion of patients undergoing resection or RO resection [7]. Similarly, large randomized trials that evaluated preoperative CRT with surgery against surgery alone and a subsequent meta-analysis failed to show impressive survival benefit with neoadjuvant CRT [8] [9] [10] [11].
Endocrine Pathology: General and Surgical
Authors: N. E. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Advances in endocrine pathology have occurred at a remarkable pace in the past decade, and publication of the second edition of Bloodworth's comprehensive text on this subject is an especially welcome event.  In this revision, new authors have joined the illustrious list of contributors. The number of chapters has been increased from 19 to 20, and all chapters have been extensively revised or rewritten to bring the book up to date. The title has been changed to reflect the addition of information on surgical pathology that has been integrated into the text. Dozens of illustrations, generally of the highest quality, have been added, and numerous excellent electron micrographs compliment the gross and microscopic pictures. Chapters on endocrine cells of the digestive and respiratory systems, the effect of steroids on the female reproductive tract, and the role of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of endocrine disease are particularly valuable additions. To