tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3627: Occupational asbestos exposure is associated with head and neck cancer.
Authors: Scott M. Langevin, Mattie H. O'Sullivan, Jennifer L. Valerio, Kate M. Applebaum, Melissa Eliot, Michael D. McClean, Karl T. Kelsey
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Asbestos describes a group of naturally occurring silicate mineral fibers that were frequently used in industry during the 20th century due to their desirable flame retardant and tensile properties. Although use has fallen over the last three decades, exposure continues and the burden of disease is considerable. The primary routes of exposure to the fibers include inhalation and ingestion. Asbestos is a known risk factor for several malignant respiratory diseases, including lung cancer and mesothelioma, and has more recently been implicated in pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. However, studies of asbestos and cancers of the larynx or pharynx with adequate sample-size and control for other risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) such as smoking and drinking habit remain somewhat sparse. We report findings from a case-control study consisting of 934 incident HNSCC cases from the greater Boston region and 1180 population-based controls, frequency matched on age (+/- 3 years), sex, and town or neighborhood of residence. Study subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire that provided detailed data on history of asbestos exposure, sociodemographics and personal characteristics, alcohol and tobacco use, personal and family cancer history, and other relevant dietary, occupational, residential and medical exposures. Occupational asbestos exposure was dichotomized as exposed or never exposed based on self reported occupation data. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to assess the association between asbestos exposure and HNSCC, overall and by primary tumor site and smoking history. A total of 217 cases (23.2%) and 226 controls (19.2%) reported an occupational exposure to asbestos. We observed a borderline association of asbestos exposure and laryngopharyngeal cancer (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.95-1.59), adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, alcohol consumption, and education. After stratifying by smoking history, a significant association was observed between asbestos exposure and laryngopharyngeal cancer among ever-smokers (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.00-1.84). These observations are consistent with the mounting evidence that asbestos is a risk factor for pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. Citation Format: Scott M. Langevin, Mattie H. O'Sullivan, Jennifer L. Valerio, Kate M. Applebaum, Melissa Eliot, Michael D. McClean, Karl T. Kelsey. Occupational asbestos exposure is associated with head and neck cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3627. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3627
To the Editors: Sleep apnoea in Asians and Caucasians: comparing apples and oranges
Authors: P.R. Genta, G. Lorenzi-Filho
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

We are grateful to J. Nasiłowski and colleagues for having pointed out the important problem of the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in Eastern European countries.Unfortunately, we were unaware of the survey conducted in Poland [1], mentioned by the authors, simply because it was not found
Biostatistics in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Mark L. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This cleverly constructed, inexpensive introduction to statistics is out in a new third edition with two new excellent chapters about the interpretation of epidemiological studies and meta-analysis. The genre of introductory statistics books with titles like "Introductory Statistics for the [insert name of profession here]" has always seemed suspect to me. Are all physicians (read also engineers, nurses, or social workers) so bereft of imagination that they cannot learn some statistics without the examples being specifically drawn from their everyday work? When I used Snedecor and Cochran's<i>Statistical Methods</i>as an undergraduate, I did not suppose that the carefully cataloged techniques were only good for measuring the results of agricultural experiments. <i>Biostatistics in Clinical Medicine</i>is in this class of books, but there is an underlying philosophy that justifies its approach. Rather than present statistics with examples designed for use by researchers dealing with groups of patients in the typical
Basic Research Yielding New Detection and Treatment Targets
Authors: C. Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Basic Research Yielding New Detection and Treatment Targets Get access Cori Vanchieri Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 23, 5 December 1990, Pages 1805–1807, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.23.1805 Published: 05 December 1990
A Reasonable Hope
Authors: John L. Wright
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P5-09-14: Plant-derived estrogen receptorb agonists alone or in combination with aromatase inhibitors restore sensitivity in endocrine therapy resistant breast tumors
Authors: C Samayoa, NK Krishnegowda, RK Vadlamudi, RR Tekmal
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Estrogen receptors (ER) play an important role in breast cancer. Over two-thirds of all breast cancers express ERa, and current endocrine therapies target its signaling. Antiestrogens (AE) block the binding of estrogen to ERα, while aromatase inhibitors (AI) inhibit local and systemic estrogen production. Both treatments improve outcomes for about 50% of patients with early or advanced ERα positive breast cancer. Unfortunately, therapeutic resistance frequently arises. There is a critical need to develop effective alternate strategies to prevent or delay the development of resistance to endocrine therapy and the resulting tumor progression. Both normal and tumor tissue express ERβ which has anti-proliferative activity and recent studies have identified several natural compounds that have the potential to function as ERβ agonists. Plant-derived ERβ-agonists, Liquiritigenin (Liq), from the plant Glycyrrhizae uralensis and S-equol, from the soy isoflavone daidzein, are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of vasomotor hot flashes associated with menopause. In this study we sought to determine if ERβ agonists alone or in combination with AI could resensitize Letrozole-resistant breast cancer cells in vivo. Xenografts were established using cells which model post-menopausal breast cancer. Endocrine therapy sensitive (MCF-7aro) and Letrozole resistant (LTLT-Ca) tumors were treated with either ERβ agonists or in combination with AI and progression was measured. In MCF-7aro tumors, ERβ agonist treatment reduced tumor volume and prolonged sensitivity to AI. In the therapy resistant tumors (LTLT-Ca), ERβ agonist treatment blocked tumor growth and restored sensitivity to AI therapy. To determine the molecular mechanism by which ERβ agonists inhibit tumor growth and prolong and restore sensitivity, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis was performed. Our results show changes in the levels of p53, NFkB, cyclin D1, and KLF5 in addition to other genes. To determine the role of ERβ agonists on the activation of these genes specific gene promoter-luciferase reporter constructs were used and the specificity of ERβ-mediated actions was confirmed using a siRNA approach. This study suggests that ERβ acts as a tumor suppressor by suppressing cell growth through the inhibition of cell cycle genes and by inducing apoptosis through the regulation of p53. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential role for ERβ agonists to improve adjuvant endocrine therapy to treat both hormone-responsive and hormone-resistant breast cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-09-14.
Abstract 2002: Genomic landscape of copy number aberrations enables the identification of oncogenic drivers in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: Kai Wang, Ho Yeong Lim, Stephanie Shi, Jeeyun Lee, Shibing Deng, Tao Xie, Zhou Zhu, Yuli Wang, David Pocalyko, Wei J. Yang, Paul A. Rejto, Mao Mao, Cheol-Keun Park, Jiangchun Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cancer is a genetic disease with frequent somatic alterations in DNA. Study of recurrent copy number aberrations (CNAs) in human cancers would enable the elucidation of disease mechanisms and the identification of key oncogenic drivers with causal roles in oncogenesis. We have comprehensively and systematically characterized CNAs and accompanied gene expression changes in the tumors and their matched non-tumor liver tissues from 286 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Our analysis identified 29 recurrently amplified regions and 22 deleted regions with a high level of copy number changes, harboring established oncogenes and tumor suppressors, including CCND1, MET, CDKN2A and CDKN2B, as well as many other genes not previously reported to be involved in liver carcinogenesis. Pathway analysis of cis-acting genes in the amplification and deletion peaks suggests the alterations of core cancer pathways, including cell cycle, p53, PI3K, MAPK, Wnt and TGFβ signaling, in large proportions of HCC patients. We further credentialed two candidate driver genes, BCL9 and MTDH, from the recurrent focal amplification peaks and showed that they play a significant role in HCC growth and survival. In summary, we have demonstrated that characterizing the CNA landscape in HCC will facilitate the understanding of disease mechanisms and the identification of oncogenic drivers that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this devastating disease. Citation Format: Kai Wang, Ho Yeong Lim, Stephanie Shi, Jeeyun Lee, Shibing Deng, Tao Xie, Zhou Zhu, Yuli Wang, David Pocalyko, Wei J. Yang, Paul A. Rejto, Mao Mao, Cheol-Keun Park, Jiangchun Xu. Genomic landscape of copy number aberrations enables the identification of oncogenic drivers in hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2002. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2002
Genetic Differences between Primary and Secondary Sicca Syndrome
Authors: Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos, Dean L. Mann, Armead H. Johnson, Thomas M. Chused
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

SICCA syndrome occurs alone or in association with another autoimmune disease, frequently rheumatoid arthritis. We recently proposed that sicca syndrome be termed primary when it occurs alone and secondary when it is associated with another autoimmune disease.1 This distinction is important because of the incidence of autoantibodies (against salivary ducts and extractable nuclear antigens) and certain clinical features are different in the two groups.2 3 4 Furthermore, we have observed that primary sicca syndrome appears to be associated with the lymphocyte defined as HLA-Dw3 allele, whereas sicca syndrome with rheumatoid arthritis is not.5 Thus, the clinical and serologic differences between these two . . .
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Daniel S. Berman, William Eisner, Barry Kreiswirth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: We report a community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a 65-year-old woman who did not use intravenous drugs and was not a nursing home resident. The...
Disinfection by Formaldehyd.
Authors: Henry Albert
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Iowa City, Iowa, July 20, 1906. <h3>To the Editor</h3> —A note inThe Journal, July 14, in the department of Miscellany, states that in using the potassium permanganate method of liberating formaldehyd gas the amounts used are 3% ounces of potassium permanganate and 1 pint of 40 per cent, solution of formaldehyd to every 1.000 cubic feet of air space to be disinfected. During the past two years I have experimented a great deal with this and other methods of generating formaldehyd gas in the Iowa State Board of Health bacteriologic laboratory and in buildings of all kinds to test thoroughly the various methods. I consider the potassium permanganate method of liberating gas as the best. Realizing that it will no doubt be adopted more and more by the physicians of the country, I can not forbear making a correction in the article above referred to. It is impossible to
Bovine Tetanus Antitoxin
Authors: Theodore Melnick
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To the Editor:—  I am inclined to think that the title, Immunologic Studies of Serum Sickness from Bovine Antitetanus Toxin, inThe Journal(176:1004 [June 24] 1961) is misleading. In my way of thinking the title should read, Immunologic Studies of Serum Sickness from BovineTetanus Antitoxin. There is a significant difference between toxin and antitoxin.
TCT-620 Mean Hyperemic Flow is Not Increased Following Adenosine Administration in Physiologically Significant Lesions
Authors: Sukhjinder S. Nijjer, Tim P. van de Hoef, Ricardo Petraco, Sayan Sen, M. Meuwissen, Rodney A. Foale, Martijn A. van Lavieren, Christopher Broyd, Nicolas Foin, Mauro Echavarria-Pinto, Ghada Mikhail, Iqbal S. Malik, Alun D. Hughes, Darrel P. Francis, Jamil Mayet, Javier Escaned, Jan Piek, Justin E. Davies
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Metal-free and MRI visible theranostic lyotropic liquid crystal nitroxide-based nanoparticles
Authors: Benjamin W. Muir, Durga P. Acharya, Danielle F. Kennedy, Xavier Mulet, Richard A. Evans, Suzanne M. Pereira, Kim L. Wark, Ben J. Boyd, Tri-Hung Nguyen, Tracey M. Hinton, Lynne J. Waddington, Nigel Kirby, David K. Wright, Hong X. Wang, Gary F. Egan, Bradford A. Moffat
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
The UGDP Scandal and Cover-up
Authors: E.A. Haunz
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  In his editorial, Dr. Chalmers states that  positive inotropic effect on the heart... has now been confirmed by catheterization studies in humans, quoting as a source the review by Levey et al ( Ann Rev Med 25:69, 1974). In turn, this review alludes to Hildner et al, who studied 15 patients requiring cardiac catheterization in whom a bolus injection of 250 mg of tolbutamide, given intravenously, produced a definite inotropic effect as reflected by ventricular function curves. In a less convincing technique (noninvasive, using a carotid sensor), they demonstrated a similar effect by measuring preejection period and left ventricular ejection times. I believe Dr. Chalmers should, in fair balance, have included the following additional statements of Levey et al:  The critical question pertaining to whether or not sulfonylureas have inotropic actions on human hearts remains unresolved. Epstein and co-workers examined the effects of tolbutamide on two human
Gender‐specific differences in left ventricular remodelling and fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Jeanette Schulz‐Menger, Hassan Abdel‐Aty, Andre Rudolph, Thomas Elgeti, Daniel Messroghli, Wolfgang Utz, Philipp Boyé, Steffen Bohl, Andreas Busjahn, Bernd Hamm, Rainer Dietz
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Effects of <i>S</i>-Nitrosation of Hemoglobin on Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction and Nitric Oxide Flux
Authors: STEVEN DEEM, MARK T. GLADWIN, JOHN T. BERG, MARK E. KERR, ERIK R. SWENSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Free hemoglobin (Hb) augments hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), ostensibly by scavenging nitric oxide (NO). However, recent evidence suggests that Hb that is S-nitrosated may act as an NO donor and vasodilator. We studied the effects of oxyHb, Hb that is chemically modified to prevent heme binding or oxidation of NO (cyanometHb), and Hb that is S-nitrosated (SNO-Hb and SNO-cyanometHb) on HPV, expired NO (eNO), and perfusate S-nitrosothiol (SNO) concentration in isolated, perfused rabbit lungs. Perfusate containing either 4 microM oxyHb or SNO-Hb increased normoxic pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa), augmented HPV dramatically, and resulted in an 80% fall in eNO in comparison to perfusion with buffer, whereas 4 microM cyanometHb or SNO-cynanometHb had no effect on these variables. Excess glutathione (GSH) added to perfusate containing SNO-Hb resulted in a 20 to 40% fall in the perfusate SNO concentration, with a concomitant increase in metHb content, without affecting Ppa, HPV, or eNO. In conclusion, free Hb augments HPV by scavenging NO, an effect that is not prevented by S-nitrosation. NO released from SNO-Hb in the presence of GSH does not produce measurable vascular effects in the lung or changes in eNO because of immediate oxidation and metHb formation.
Cancer gene therapy: Lessons learned from experiences with chemotherapy
Authors: John C. Morris
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

treatments [4-8]. It is important to understand the concept of synergy. Synergy is defined as the achievement of a greater than additive effect from a combination of drugs or therapies. It is equally important to recognize that combining treatments may be only additive (not necessarily bad), may have no effect, or may even be antagonistic. Synergy may also result in greater toxicity—offsetting any benefit to the combination. Investigators and clinicians have appreciated the importance of drug synergy, especially in the treatment of cancer and serious infections; however, a uniform definition and reliable measures of synergy have often been lacking in relevant studies. Chou and coworkers advanced the field with their mathematical program used to determine synergy. The “Median-effect principle” takes into account the shape of the dose-effect curves of each treatment [9, 10]. This equation can then be used to compare the dose-effect of the individual drugs to their combination, so as to quantify how much each drug can be reduced when co-administered as compared to the individual drugs to achieve the same effect. Synergy is complex and a combination of drugs or treatment modalities may exhibit synergy at one dose and antagonism at another. Factors such as pH, cell cycle status, oxygenation and the observed end points can impact the analysis. It also important to realize that synergy may be both timeand sequence-dependent as well. In this issue of Molecular Therapy, Galaup and colleagues report their results of a combined approach using adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of an angiostatin-like antiangiogenic protein consisting of the first three kringle domains of plasminogen in combination with the systemic administration of docetaxel in a prostate cancer model [11]. Angiogenesis is a complex and tightly regulated process involving the activation, proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, resulting in the formation of new capillary vessels. Neovascularization is critical to the viability and growth of both solid tumors and leukemias [12, 13]. Neoplastic cells are initially able to grow by obtaining nutrients and oxygen from existing vascular networks. Once tumors reach a size of 1-2 mm3 further growth must be preceded by vascularization of the incipient tumor [14]. The development of metastases is also facilitated by growth of new blood vessels. Angiogenesis is rare outside of the normal menstrual cycle, wound healing, hypoxia and inflammation—making it attractive as a therapeutic target for cancer [15]. The endogenous antiangiogenic proteins, angiostatin MINIREVIEW
CYTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NORMAL HEMATOPOIETIC COLONY-FORMING CELLS AND CELLS OF THE LYMPHOID SYSTEM
Authors: A. M. Wu, J. E. Till, L. Siminovitch, E. A. McCulloch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

The relationship between hematopoietic colony-forming stem cells and cells in the thymus and lymph nodes of unirradiated mice has been investigated using a chromosome-marker technique. It was found that a high proportion of cells in the thymus may belong to the same clone as normal hematopoietic colony-forming cells. It was also found that cells belonging to the same clone as colony-forming cells may reach the lymph nodes, and that nodes containing such cells can participate in an immunological response against sheep red cells. Either the precursors of cells in thymus and lymph node are identical with hematopoietic colony-forming cells, or they are both descendants of a common precursor which has not yet been identified. The results are compatible with the view that cells of the hematopoietic system and the immune system may be derived from the same stem cell.
SHARED DECISION-MAKING RESULTS IN KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER ACROSS DIVERSE PATIENT SUBGROUPS: AN ENCOUNTER-LEVEL META-ANALYSIS OF DECISION AID TRIALS
Authors: Megan Coylewright, Megan Branda, Nilay Shah, Erik Hess, Annie LeBlanc, Victor Montori, Henry Ting
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Parathyroids in Graves's Disease
Authors: S. G. Shattock
Journal: BMJ (1905)

As the disease is said to be associated with changes in the pituitary boiy, it is just possible that the early fracture of the frontal bone may have had some bearing on the local condi- tion either by reflexly damaging that organ or by causing some obscure changes in its growth.The two photographs and tracing of the toes of the left foot will give a fair idea of his local condition.
Should the chancellor of the exchequer lift the ringfence on England's health budget?
Authors: T. Cawston, A. Maynard
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Thomas Cawston</b> argues that ring fencing NHS funding has failed to produce the necessary increase in efficiency and that more drastic cuts may be needed, but <b>Alan Maynard</b> says that this approach is more likely to make the situation worse