tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase I/II study of idarubicin given with continuous infusion fludarabine followed by continuous infusion cytarabine in children with acute leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group.
Authors: P A Dinndorf, V I Avramis, S Wiersma, M D Krailo, W Liu-Mares, N L Seibel, J K Sato, R B Mosher, J F Kelleher, G H Reaman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE The Children's Cancer Group (CCG) undertook a phase I study (CCG-0922) to determine a tolerable dose of idarubicin given with fludarabine and cytarabine in children with relapsed or refractory leukemia. The phase I study was extended to a limited phase II study to assess the activity of this combination in children with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a multiinstitutional study within the CCG. Eleven patients were entered onto the phase I study: seven with AML, three with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and one with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The maximal-tolerated dose (MTD) of fludarabine and cytarabine determined in a previous study was a fludarabine loading dose (LD) of 10.5 mg/m2 followed by a continuous infusion (CI) of 30.5 mg/m2/24 hours for 48 hours, followed by cytarabine LD 390 mg/m2, then CI 101 mg/m2/h for 72 hours. Idarubicin was given at three dose levels: 6, 9, and 12 mg/m2 intravenously (I.V.) on days 0, 1, and 2. The phase II portion of the trial included 10 additional patients with relapsed or refractory AML. RESULTS A dose of idarubicin 12 mg/m2/d for 3 days given in combination with fludarabine and cytarabine was tolerated. The major toxicity encountered was hematologic. Nonhematologic toxicities included transaminase elevations, hyperbilirubinemia, and infections. Eight of 10 patients with AML in the phase II portion (12 mg/m2 idarubicin) achieved a complete remission (CR). CONCLUSION This combination is active in patients with relapsed or refractory AML. The major toxicity encountered is hematologic. This regimen may be useful therapy for AML and should be compared with standard induction therapy in children with newly diagnosed AML.
Cytotoxic Effects and Metabolism of Benzo[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]pyrene and 7,12-Dimethylbenz[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]anthracene in Duodenal and Ileal Epithelial Cell Cultures&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A Quaroni, K J Isselbacher
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Two epithelial cell lines have been established from the duodenum (IEC-17) and the ileum (IEC-18) of outbred germfree Crl:CD(SD}GN rats. They have a very similar morphology and ultrastructure, a normal rat diploid karyotype, comparable growth rates, and a similar set of surface antigens as detected with monoclonal antibodies specific for intestinal epithelial cell surface proteins in vivo. Both cell lines do not grow in soft agar and when injected into syngeneic animals do not form tumors. The toxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and 7,12dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were studied in these two cell lines. The IEC-18 cells were found to be much more sensitive to both chemicals than the IEC-17 cells. In particular, at concentrations greater than 1 μg/ml, DMBA completely and irreversibly inhibited cell proliferation in the IEC-18 cells, whereas it produced a less marked and reversible inhibition in the IEC-17 cells. The metabolism of BP and DMBA to water-soluble products was studied; BP was apparently metabolized at similar rates in the two cell lines, whereas a striking difference was observed with DMBA, which was metabolized at a rate 10–15 times greater in the IEC-18 cells than that in the IEC-17 cells. These results suggest that cultured cell lines derived from different portions of the intestinal tract have similar properties in vitro, but they may have very different responses to chemical carcinogens.
Prognostic Factors in Primary Cutaneous Large B-Cell Lymphomas: A European Multicenter Study
Authors: F. Grange, M. W. Bekkenk, J. Wechsler, C. J.L.M. Meijer, L. Cerroni, M. Bernengo, J. Bosq, G. Hedelin, R. Fink Puches, W. A. van Vloten, P. Joly, M. Bagot, R. Willemze
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: Most primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas have an excellent prognosis. However, primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas (PCLBCLs) of the leg have been recognized as a distinct entity with a poorer prognosis in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) classification. This distinction on the basis of site has been debated. Our aim was to identify independent prognostic factors in a large European multicenter series of PCLBCL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The clinical and histologic data of 145 patients with PCLBCL were evaluated. According to the EORTC classification, 48 patients had a PCLBCL of the leg and 97 had a primary cutaneous follicle center-cell lymphoma (PCFCCL). Data from both groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses of specific survival were performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Compared with PCFCCL, PCLBCL-leg were characterized by an older age of onset, a more recent history of skin lesions, a more frequent predominance of tumor cells with round nuclei and positive bcl-2 staining, and a poorer 5-year disease-specific survival rate (52% v 94%; P &lt; .0001). Univariate survival analysis in the entire study group showed that older age, a more recent onset of skin lesions, the location on the leg, multiple skin lesions, and the round-cell morphology were significantly related to death. In multivariate analysis, the round-cell morphology (P &lt; .0001), the location on the leg (P = .002), and multiple skin lesions (P = .01) remained independent prognostic factors. The round-cell morphology was an adverse prognostic factor both in PCLBCL-leg and in PCFCCL, whereas multiple skin lesions were associated with a poor prognosis only in patients with PCLBCL-leg. CONCLUSION: With site, morphology, and number of tumors taken into account, guidelines for the management of PCLBCL are presented.
Breastfeeding and Childhood Leukemia Incidence
Authors: Rohit P. Ojha, Peter H. Asdahl
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Exacerbations in cystic fibrosis: 2 {middle dot} Prevention
Authors: S. C Bell, P. J Robinson
Journal: Thorax (2007)

The life span of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) has increased dramatically over the past 50 years. Many factors have contributed to this improvement. Respiratory exacerbations of CF lung disease are associated with the need for hospitalisation and antibiotic treatment, reduction in the quality of life, fragmented sleep and mortality. A number of preventive treatment strategies have been developed to reduce the frequency and severity of respiratory exacerbations in CF including mucolytic agents, physiotherapy and exercise, antibiotics, nutritional strategies, anti-inflammatory treatments and vaccinations against common respiratory pathogens. The evidence for each of these treatments and their potential impact is discussed.
Doctors write on patients' eye view of quality
Authors: S. Hayes
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Editor—Rayner's wish list in her personal view about a patient's eye view of quality in the NHS contains nothing that I would not want for myself as a patient, but her article fails to address issues of resourcing, except where she mentions the “sizeable fees collected” by alternative practitioners.1

In a crowded surgery recently I spent half an hour with an anxious patient exploring the patient's concerns about forthcoming hospital treatment. I met that patient's needs and wants, and as a result my surgery ran late and other patients in the waiting room grumbled. This sort of thing happens all the time and cannot be solved by bringing the patient back at a quiet time because there aren't any such times. In any case, that would hardly satisfy Rayner, who wants us to be responsive to our patients' anxieties at the time when they are expressed.

We cannot please everyone all the time or guarantee always to satisfy such a comprehensive wish list within existing time pressures and limited resources. British general practitioners know how to provide a quality service, and usually do, but are compelled to provide a high volume economy service in which there is no limit on demand. To make it through the day we sometimes have to compromise on the niceties of life, unlike the alternative practitioners, in whose case the money comes with the patient.

I recently paid around £1000 to fly economy class to New Zealand. It was OK but cramped, and I didn't like the films. A first class ticket would have been much more agreeable, and, like Rayner's vision of the NHS, would have cost about twice as much.

If the Patients Association wishes to make a useful contribution to the debate on quality I suggest that it gets together with the GP Committee and starts a postcard campaign, getting patients to write to their MPs. These patients should say that they are willing to pay their share of whatever it takes to get health spending in the United Kingdom up to the European (or better still, the Franco-German) average.
Comparison of High-Dose Therapy and Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation With Conventional Therapy for Hodgkin's Disease Induction Failure: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Marc André, Michel Henry-Amar, José-Luis Pico, Pauline Brice, Didier Blaise, Mathieu Kuentz, Bertr Coiffier, Philippe Colombat, Jean-Yves Cahn, Michel Attal, Joël Fleury, Noël Milpied, Gérard Nedellec, Pierre Biron, Hervé Tilly, Jean-Paul Jouet, Christian Gisselbrecht for the Société Francaise de Greffe de Moelle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To determine the prognostic factors and outcome of first-line induction failure Hodgkin's disease patients who were treated with a salvage regimen of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation, and to compare them with matched, conventionally treated patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data relating to 86 Hodgkin's disease patients who underwent autologous stem-cell transplantation after failure of the first chemotherapy regimen, either because they did not enter a complete remission and experienced progression of disease less than 3 months after the end of their first-line treatment or because they showed evidence of disease progression during first-line therapy. Graft patients were matched with 258 conventionally treated patients (three controls per case) for age, sex, clinical stage, B symptoms, and time at risk; patient data were obtained from international databases. RESULTS: Among the 86 graft patients, the median age at diagnosis was 29 years (range, 14 to 57 years). Thirty-nine percent of patients had stage II disease, 23% had stage III disease, and 38% had stage IV disease. Seventy percent of the patients received chemotherapy and 30% received combined modality therapy; 60% of the patients received a seven- or eight-drug regimen. After this first-line treatment, 91% had disease progression and 9% had a brief partial response. Eighty patients received a second-line treatment; pretransplantation status was as follows: 24% of patients had a complete remission, 38% had a partial remission (PR), 14% had stable disease, and disease progression occurred in 24%. With a median follow-up of 22 months (range, 4 to 105 months) from diagnosis, the 5-year event-free survival and overall survival rates from transplantation were 25% and 35% (95% confidence intervals, 15 to 36 and 23 to 49), respectively. In multivariate analysis, the pretransplantation disease status after salvage therapy was the only significant prognostic factor for survival (PR: relative risk = 2.8, P = .017; progressive disease: relative risk (RR) = 5.26, P &lt; .001). From diagnosis, the 6-year overall survival rates of the graft patients and 258 matched conventionally treated patients were 38% and 29%, respectively (P = .058). CONCLUSION: Autologous stem-cell transplantation represents the best therapeutic option currently available for patients with primary induction failure and is associated with acceptable toxicity. Response to second-line treatment before high-dose chemotherapy is the only prognostic factor that can be correlated with survival.
Computer model simulation of alveolar phase III slopes: Implications for tidal single-breath washout
Authors: Sylvia Nyilas, David Borer, David Hasler, Florian Singer, Sophie Yammine, Philipp Latzin, Dominik Obrist
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background   The double-tracer gas single-breath washout (DTG-SBW) is a promising lung function test to assess small airways disease. The SBW derived alveolar phase III slope (SIII) accumulates the washout behavior of the two tracer gases helium and sulfur hexafluoride. We developed a numeric model to assess the influence of lung volumes on SIII and compared these to  in-vivo  measurements.   Methods   The computer model is based on a one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation solved for asymmetric dichotomous tree morphology. Ten healthy adults performed the tidal DTG-SBW measurement with different breathing pattern (double and half tidal volume). Similar parameters were used in the model and compared with the  in-vivo  measurements.   Results   Applying different tidal volumes leads to significant changes in SIII, both in humans and the model. Half tidal volume lead to a mean change in SIII of -3.0 g/mol/L (p=0.01) in the model and -0.64 g/mol/L (p=0.002) in humans. A comparable significant change of SIII in the other direction was observed upon doubling tidal volume. Using the model to simulate effects of other factors than tidal volume showed that also FRC, breathing period and introducing asymmetries resulted in changes of SIII.   Conclusion   The lung model predicts reasonably well the influence of tidal volume on SIII. Differences between model and human data are most likely due to the complex interaction between fractal geometry and dynamic changes in volumes of the human lung. Further advancement of the model including asymmetries and fractality may improve modeling of DTG-SBW. In general, these data suggest that changes in breathing pattern influence SIII results.
Comparative Physiology of L-M Cells Propagated &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; and in Female and Male Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: K.B. Hellman, A. Hellman, R.B. Cumming, G.D. Novelli
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

L-M cells propagated in vitro produced fibrosarcomas when inoculated into intact, untreated female and male C3H/Anf mice. Irradiation of the intact animals before inoculation increased the incidence of tumor development in both sexes. Definitive results were obtained between 56 and 63 days from the time of injection of cells. Males exhibited a consistently greater percentage of regressed tumors than females. Chromosomal analysis and determinations of nucleoside incorporation of L-M tumor cells demonstrated sex-dependent differences expressed by cells grown in female and male hosts. Results suggest that the female host offers a more favorable environment for the propagation of L-M cells in vivo. The influence of progesterone indicated that the cell system is not entirely controlled by this hormone, but that the hormone may influence either directly or indirectly depression of the immune response. Observations made of the increased growth of tumors in pregnant females suggest that other hormones and the age ramification of the animals used to determine the rate and extent of tumor growth may also be involved. The possible role of hormones and the immunological capacity of the animal are discussed relevant to the effect of L-M growth in female and male hosts.
P32 When a test is neither positive nor negative: the impact of equivocal and indeterminate quantiferon TB IGRA in a UK population: Abstract P32 Table 1.
Authors: P Saunders, J Reading, J Harvey, S Murthy, S Capocci, S Hopkins, S Seneviratne, I Cropley, M Lipman
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> For the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (LTBI), clinicians like interferon-gamma based assays (IGRA) to be either positive or negative. Tests can be indeterminate (failure of the positive or negative control); and recently an equivocal category has been introduced for QuantiFERON IGRA results that lie around the positive cut off, 0.35 IU/mL, covering the range 0.2–0.7 IU/mL. Within our hospital, it is recommended that indeterminate or equivocal results are initially repeated by the requesting clinician. We report our outcomes from March 2010, when the equivocal category was introduced. <h3>Methods</h3> Hospital pathology and clinical records were data-mined. Cost analysis used local NHS costs. <h3>Results</h3> Tests for 1964 individuals were processed (over one-third from Occupational Health, and another one-third pre-biological therapy). 92% of subjects had a definitive first result, with 6% (116) equivocal and 2% (42) indeterminate (Table 1). 60% of equivocal tests were below the positive cut off of 0.35. The demographics of those with an equivocal result were broadly comparable with the whole tested population. Almost half of the <b>equivocal </b>tests were not repeated (Table 1). 45% of repeats were negative and one-third still equivocal. 12 of 34 subjects referred to the TB service were treated for LTBI–10 with a positive IGRA on re-testing. One other patient with an initial equivocal test developed active TB during follow up. 43% of people with an <b>indeterminate</b> result had no repeat test (Table 1). 1 of 6 subjects referred to the TB service following an indeterminate IGRA received LTBI treatment. Cost-analysis indicated that equivocal and indeterminate results plus subsequent TB service management increased the cost of each initial QuantiFERON diagnostic test from £35 to £40.76 per patient. <h3>Conclusion</h3> 8% of subjects had an equivocal or indeterminate first IGRA result. The recommended subsequent action often was not followed by the requesting clinicians. When repeated, the test provided a definitive result in two-thirds of subjects - the majority being negative. This adds an appreciable cost to the test, and brings it in line with other commercial IGRA. Further education of referring clinicians is required to minimise avoidable waste and optimise patient care.
CDDO-Imidazolide inhibits growth and survival of c-Myc-induced mouse B cell and plasma cell neoplasms
Authors: Seong-Su Han, Liangping Peng, Seung-Tae Chung, Wendy DuBois, Sung-Ho Maeng, Arthur L Shaffer, Michael B Sporn, Siegfried Janz
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2006)

Abstract Background Gene-targeted iMyc Eμ mice that carry a His 6 -tagged mouse Myc (c- myc )cDNA, Myc His , just 5' of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer, Eμ, are prone to B cell and plasma cell neoplasms, such as lymphoblastic B-cell lymphoma (LBL) and plasmacytoma (PCT). Cell lines derived from Myc-induced neoplasms of this sort may provide a good model system for the design and testing of new approaches to prevent and treat MYC-driven B cell and plasma cell neoplasms in human beings. To test this hypothesis, we used the LBL-derived cell line, iMyc Eμ -1, and the newly established PCT-derived cell line, iMyc Eμ -2, to evaluate the growth inhibitory and death inducing potency of the cancer drug candidate, CDDO-imidazolide (CDDO-Im). Methods Morphological features and surface marker expression of iMyc Eμ -2 cells were evaluated using cytological methods and FACS, respectively. mRNA expression levels of the inserted Myc His and normal Myc genes were determined by allele-specific RT-PCR and qPCR. Myc protein was detected by immunoblotting. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were analyzed by FACS. The expression of 384 "pathway" genes was assessed with the help of Superarray © cDNA macroarrays and verified, in part, by RT-PCR. Results Sub-micromolar concentrations of CDDO-Im caused growth arrest and apoptosis in iMyc Eμ -1 and iMyc Eμ -2 cells. CDDO-Im-dependent growth inhibition and apoptosis were associated in both cell lines with the up-regulation of 30 genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycling, NFκB signaling, and stress and toxicity responses. Strongly induced (≥10 fold) were genes encoding caspase 14, heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), flavin-containing monooxygenase 4 (Fmo4), and three members of the cytochrome P450 subfamily 2 of mixed-function oxygenases (Cyp2a4, Cyp2b9, Cyp2c29). CDDO-Im-dependent gene induction coincided with a decrease in Myc protein. Conclusion Growth arrest and killing of neoplastic mouse B cells and plasma cells by CDDO-Im, a closely related derivative of the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid, appears to be caused, in part, by drug-induced stress responses and reduction of Myc.
Oncofetal Antigen-I: Distribution in Human Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W V Rees, R F Irie, D L Morton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Oncofetal antigen-I (OFA-I) is a human tumor-associated fetal antigen that cross-reacts with fetal brain. The biological distribution of this antigen was studied in a variety of histologic types of human tumors and normal tissues. A total of 170 human tumors and 89 normal tissues obtained from biopsied and autopsied specimens were tested by immune adherence absorption assay. The antigen was most prevalent in malignant melanomas (82%); next in order of incidence were lung carcinomas (71%), sarcomas (61%), brain tumors (58%), and breast carcinomas (53%). However, OFA-I was found in only 15% of gastrointestinal tumors. The four hepatoma specimens tested were negative for OFA-I. OFA-I was also present in metastases and normal-appearing tissues of patients with OFA-I positive tumors but was not found in normal tissues from noncancer patients. These studies demonstrated that OFA-1 is widely distributed among human tumors. It appears to be more prevalent in tumors of ectodermal and mesodermal origin.