tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of DHAP chemotherapy in relapse non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: A. Okhovatian, H. Attarian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

19538 Background: Survival of relapse non-Hodgkins lymphoma is poor, so many different salvage chemotherapy regimen were utilized. We investigated whether DHAP combination chemotherapy is effective. Methods: Sixthy patients with progressive recurrent lymphoma were treated with a combination of Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) by continuous infusion over 24 hours, followed by cytosine arabinoside in two pulses each at a dose of 2 g/m2 given 12 hours apart. Dexamethasone, 40 mg IV, was given on days 1 through 4. Vigorous hydration was reinforced by routine use of mannitol. Treatments were repeated at 3- to 4-week intervals for six courses. The primary end point was a response after six cycles. Results: All patients had not achieved complete remission (CR) with prior therapies, which included cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisolone. Median patient age was 42 years (15–70). Intermediate grade lymphoma was the most frequent pathologic diagnosis. 19 (32%) patients achieved CR, and 17 (28%) patients achieved partial remission (PR). Eleven (18%) patients died during six cycles of chemotherapy.After 2-years follow-up, median survival of patients was 53%. Organomegaly, lymphadenopathy, underlying diseases, and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), were prognostic factors. Neutropenia was the most frequent complication (55%) of this regimen. Conclusions: DHAP has proven to be an effective regimen for patients with relapsing or refractory lymphoma with acceptable toxicity profile and may need further investigations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Pneumolysin causes cyotoxicity and ciliary stasis in human respiratory epithelial cells
Authors: Khodor Hazime, Gwyneth Williams, Peter Andrew, Chris O'Callaghan, Robert Hirst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Pneumolysin is the cholesterol dependent pore forming toxin that is released from  Streptococcus pneumoniae  during respiratory infection. The release of pneumolysin is thought to be a sudden event following activation of the bacterial autolysin enzyme. Here we tested the dose response relationship of acute exposure of pneumolysin on human respiratory epithelial cells grown at an air-liquid interface.  Aims: To determine the concentration of pneumolysin required to adversely affect human respiratory ciliary function.  Methods: Normal human respiratory epithelial cells were grown to a confluent layer and re-growth of cilia from the basal epithelial cells was stimulated by use of an air-liquid interface culture. Light microscopy and high speed video recordings at 1000x magnification were used to determine cilia function and morphological cytotoxicity.  Results: Pneumolysin displayed a dose dependent inhibition of ciliary beat frequency with an IC 50  of 43.3± 6.9 HU  . The common cytotoxic events that were quantified included ciliary dyskinesia, immotility and cytoplasmic extrusion.  Conclusion: Pneumolysin caused dose dependent, rapid ciliary inhibition and cytotoxicity, indicating an important role of this toxin in pneumococcal infection. The comparative toxicity with un-ciliated basal cells will be presented.
2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine treatment of low-grade lymphomas.
Authors: A C Kay, A Saven, C J Carrera, D A Carson, D Thurston, E Beutler, L D Piro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE Because of the need to identify effective new agents in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and because of the high activity of the purine analog 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) against chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia, a phase II trial of 2-CdA was initiated in patients with low-grade lymphocytic lymphomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty patients with low-grade lymphocytic lymphomas including diffuse small lymphocytic, follicular small-cleaved, and follicular mixed histologies were enrolled onto the study. Conventional therapies had failed in all patients, and six patients had lymph node biopsies showing evidence of histologic evolution to a higher-grade lymphoma. A total of 107 courses of 2-CdA were administered. There were 27 males and 13 females. The median age was 59 years (range, 37 to 80 years). Patients had received a median of three prior therapies (range, one to six therapies). RESULTS An overall response rate of 43% was achieved, with eight patients experiencing complete responses (CRs) and nine patients experiencing partial responses (PRs). The duration of responses ranged from 1 to greater than 33 months without maintenance therapy (median duration of response, 5 months). Histology and prior therapy history did not seem to correlate with responses. Significant toxicity was limited to bone marrow suppression; 18% of patients developed neutropenia, and 30% developed thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS This phase II trial demonstrates that 2-CdA is an effective antilymphocyte, antineoplastic agent with significant activity as a single agent in patients with recurrent or refractory low-grade lymphocytic lymphoma. Responses were achieved with an acceptable toxicity profile. Further trials of this agent in previously untreated patients and in combination regimens are indicated and will be developed.
The United Kingdom Infantile Spasm Study (UKISS) comparing vigabatrin with prednisolone or tetracosactride in West Syndrome in a randomised trial: the control of infantile spasms at 14 days
Authors: AL Lux, S Edwards, E Hancock, A Johnson, C Kennedy, R Newton, Fjk O'Callaghan, C Verity, JP Osborne
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA in whole blood as a superior prognostic and monitoring factor than EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: J.-H. Liang, T.-X. Lu, T. Tian, L. Wang, L. Fan, J. Xu, R. Zhang, Q.-X. Gong, Z.-H. Zhang, J.-Y. Li, W. Xu
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Risk of basal cell carcinoma in Swedish organ transplant recipients: a population‐based study
Authors: B. Krynitz, H. Olsson, B. Lundh Rozell, B. Lindelöf, G. Edgren, K.E. Smedby
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been reported to be several‐fold increased among organ transplant recipients (OTRs). However, due to lack of reliable BCC registration, population‐based risk estimates are scarce. To characterize risk of BCC among OTRs compared with the general population, and contrast with risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). OTRs transplanted during 2004–2011 were identified through national healthcare registers and linked with the nationwide Swedish BCC Register initialized in 2004. Relative risk of BCC was expressed as standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Altogether, 4023 transplanted patients developed 341 BCCs during follow‐up. Compared with the general population, the relative risk of BCC was increased sixfold (SIR 6·1, 95% CI 5·4–6·9). The risk was higher in kidney and heart/lung than in liver recipients (SIRkidney 7·2, 6·3–8·3; SIRheart/lung 5·8, 4·0–8·2; SIRliver 2·6, 1·7–4·0), and risk increased with time since transplantation (Ptrend < 0·01). The SCC to BCC ratio was 1 : 1·7 and BCC developed earlier after transplantation than SCC. Distribution of anatomical sites and histological types did not differ substantially between OTR‐ and population‐BCCs. Risk of BCC was strikingly elevated in OTRs compared with the general population. Risk was higher in kidney recipients and increased with follow‐up time. These findings support a tumour‐promoting effect of immunosuppressive drugs in BCC development. The low SCC to BCC ratio was possibly attributed to short follow‐up time.
A Leukaemia Virus--Passenger or Driver?
Authors: A A COVARO
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Woods, report the isolation, culture, and electron microscopical appearances of a virus from the bone-marrow of ten cases of human leukaemia (pp. 927and 929).Leader opposite discusses significance of their findings.Peritoneal Dialysis: Professor W. S. Peart and colleagues at St. Mary's describe peritoneal dialysis in 30 patients.It is an " effective, simple, and reliable method for the treatment of renal failure " (p.932).Leader on page 922.Heredity in Duodenal Ulcer: A study of effects of sex and ABO phenotype on serum-pepsinogen levels (p.936).Gastric Secretion and the Thyroid: Acid secretion, both basal and after histamine, is reported as much reduced in patients with hyperthyroidism (p.940).Post-perfusion Syndrome: Nine examples of a syndrome resembling infectious mononucleosis in patients in whom a cardiopulmonary bypass was used during cardiac surgery (p.945).Coronary-like Syndrome: In cholecystectomized patients given narcotics.Initial E.C.G. and S.G.O.T. estimation may mislead (p.
A comparative assessment of home versus hospital comprehensive treatment for advanced cancer patients.
Authors: V Vinciguerra, T J Degnan, A Sciortino, M O'Connell, T Moore, R Brody, D Budman, M Eng, D Carlton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

A prospective comparative analysis of home and hospital comprehensive treatment for advanced non-ambulatory cancer patients was conducted. Patients were assigned to hospital (group A) and home (group B) treatment groups based on geographic location. Home treatment was provided by the Don Monti Home Oncology Medical Extension (HOME) program. A multidisciplinary health team, including an oncologist, oncology nurse, social worker, dietitian, and medical technologist, was transported to the home in a medically equipped van. Services included physical examinations, pain control, psychosocial interventions, chemotherapy and blood transfusions, nutrition consultation, and bereavement counseling. One hundred seventy-four patients were treated at home and 44 in the hospital. Pretreatment characteristics were similar for both groups, with the exception that age under 50 years was more frequent in the hospital group, and home patients were more likely to have gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Medical benefits for home treatment included decreased narcotic analgesic requirements, decreased hospitalization and length of stay, and improved measurements of fat stores for female patients. Improved survival for home patients was related to Karnofsky performance status, since there was no difference in survival for sicker patients with lower performance status whether they received home or hospital treatment. Patient and family acceptance of home treatment was excellent. Comprehensive home treatment provided by a multispecialty oncology team is an effective alternative to hospitalization for terminal cancer patients.
STUDIES ON BARTONELLA MURIS ANEMIA
Authors: David Perla, J. Marmorston-Gottesman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

The effect on Bartonella muris anemia of adding copper or iron or both to an adequate diet was studied. The addition to the diet of copper (0.1 mg. per rat per day), or iron (1 mg. per day), or both during a period of 2 days prior to splenectomy and 1 month subsequent thereto failed to protect adult albino rats against Bartonella muris anemia. The addition of copper to an adequate diet for a period of 10 days prior to splenectomy and 1 month subsequent thereto protected 75 per cent of the rats against the anemia. The addition of iron (1 mg. per rat per day) for a period of 10 days prior to and 1 month subsequent to splenectomy protected 50 per cent of the rats against this anemia. The addition of both copper and iron for a period of 10 days prior to and 1 month subsequent to splenectomy protected 75 per cent of these rats against Bartonella muris anemia. The addition of copper alone for a period of 2 months prior to and 1 month subsequent to splenectomy protected 63 per cent of the rats against Bartonella muris anemia. The addition of iron, or of both copper and iron during a period of 2 months prior to splenectomy and 1 month subsequent thereto protected about one-third of the rats against Bartonella murisanemia.
Genetic susceptibility to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: implications for therapy
Authors: H.L. Hébert, F.R. Ali, J. Bowes, C.E.M. Griffiths, A. Barton, R.B. Warren
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

The era of genome-wide association studies has revolutionized the search for genetic susceptibility loci in complex genetic conditions such as psoriasis. There are currently 16 loci with confirmed evidence for association with psoriasis susceptibility but there is the potential for more to be discovered as the genetic heritability of the disease has not yet been fully explained. Many of the associated loci overlap with those for psoriatic arthritis. In contrast to psoriasis susceptibility, few studies have been performed to identify predictors of drug response in psoriasis. As large-scale collaborations and registries for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are established, it is likely that a genome-wide approach may be used as a more effective method of searching for genetic predictors of treatment response. However, candidate gene studies will still have a role; for example, it is likely that some disease susceptibility genes will also be markers of treatment response, based on evidence from other diseases. This review summarizes recent advances in investigating the role genetics plays in psoriasis susceptibility and contrasts these to advances made in psoriatic arthritis. Further, it describes the genetics of treatment response in the two diseases and indicates how susceptibility loci could be used to identify drug response in the future.
Interrelationship between IL-17A and endoplasmic reticulum stress in bronchial epithelial cells under LPS-induced lung inflammation
Authors: So Ri Kim, Yong Chul Lee, Hee Jung Kim, Suk Chul Park
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

IL-17A, one of IL-17 family cytokines, acts rapidly as an innate immune responder during infection before the onset of its classic adaptive immune response. This role of IL-17A in innate immune response is implicated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in LPS-induced lung inflammation. To elucidate the role of IL-17A in LPS-induced lung inflammation, focusing on the link with ER stress, we treated LPS-inhaled mice with IL-17A neutralizing antibody and 4-PBA, a representative ER stress inhibitor. In addition, we evaluated the effects of IL-17A on ER stress in LPS-stimulated bronchial epithelial cells. Our results showed that inhibition of IL-17A attenuated typical features of lung injury, including pulmonary neutrophilia, vascular leakage, and increased ER stress thereby improving LPS-induced lung inflammation. Moreover, 4-PBA also attenuated LPS-induced lung inflammation and expression of IL-17A. Intriguingly, increased expression of IL-17A was observed in LPS-stimulated airway epithelial cells and IL-17A increased ER stress and NF-kB activation in airway epithelial cells. Lastly, our results also revealed that LPS-induced increases of nuclear translocation of NF-κB, infiltration of DCs, and TLR4 expression in the lung were significantly reduced by inhibition of IL-17A.This study indicates that the interrelationship between IL-17A and ER stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced inflammation and that airway epithelial cells can be one of sources of IL-17A under infectious condition.
Lichen striatus and blaschkitis: reappraisal of the concept of blaschkolinear dermatoses
Authors: C.S.L. Müller, R. Schmaltz, T. Vogt, C. Pföhler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Blaschkitis (BL) and lichen striatus (LS) are rare dermatoses occurring along the Blaschko lines of the skin with preferential occurrence in distinct age categories. Controversy exists regarding the pathogenesis and classification of BL and LS within the spectrum of blaschkolinear dermatoses.To describe the clinicopathological characteristics of six cases of BL/LS with special emphasis on immunophenotyping the inflammatory infiltrate. Additionally, we review and critically discuss current concepts of the blaschkolinear dermatoses.Skin biopsies from six patients with BL and LS were analysed retrospectively. The immunophenotypes of the inflammatory cells were determined and related to clinical features.The clinical characteristics of the diseases occurred equally in both genders and all ages. BL and LS had similar histopathological findings with respect to epidermal changes and composition of the inflammatory infiltrates. Characteristically, a lichenoid lymphocytic infiltrate with exocytosis of inflammatory cells and obvious alterations of the interface zone was observed.We characterize the two main blaschkolinear dermatoses BL and LS sensu stricto morphologically and open new insights into the pathogenesis of these diseases. We propose the concept of a wide spectrum of blaschkolinear dermatoses with BL and LS located somewhere within the spectrum. We do not think that it is helpful for clinicians to enlarge the spectrum of blaschkolinear diseases and to create numerous 'new' entities. Rather, our aim was to unify diseases with similar clinical and histopathological features and common genetic pathomechanisms underlying phenotypic variations.
Effect of bicarbonate versus acetate hemodialysis on respiratory functions in chronic renal failure patients
Authors: Mohamed Badawy, Ali Taha, Nagah Mohamed
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Dialysis filter can cause activation of complement and release of anaphylatoxines which can have a deteriorating effect on respiratory system.   Aim of the work:  To compare the effect of bicarbonate versus acetate haemodialysis on the pulmonary function test and blood gas parameters.   Material and methods:  Cross sectional study of fifty chronic renal failure patients on regular haemodialysis without history of chronic pulmonary disease were randomly selected for dialysis either by bicarbonate or acetate dialysate twenty five each with same machine and duration of dialysis. Evaluation thorough medical history and determination of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, and maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF 25%-75%). Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), PH, carbon dioxide tensions (PaCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3) and potassium were analyzed with a blood gas analyzer.   Results:  No significant difference in symptoms before and after dialysis in both groups. Improvement of pulmonary function test was significant in bicarbonate group except for FEV1/FVC ratio and PEF. There was significant difference in PaO2, PaCO2 and HCO3 in bicarbonate group.   Conclusion:  Bicarbonate haemodialysis lead to significant improvement of respiratory functions in chronic renal failure patients on regular dialysis.
Abstract 4708: Rapid Resolution of ST Segment Elevation and Recovery of Function in Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated with Low Dose Intravenous Thrombolytics, Transthoracic Ultrasound, and Intravenous Microbubbles
Authors: Feng Xie, John Lof, Saritha Dodla, Reena Zutshi, Thomas R Porter
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Rapid non-invasive methods of recanalizing acutely thrombosed coronary arteries and restoring microcirculatory flow are needed. Failure of ST segment elevation to resolve on the 12 lead electrocardiogram is a marker of microvascular no reflow, and occurs in over 30% of acute myocardial infarctions treated with primary percutaneous interventions. Transthoracic ultrasound (TTU) and intravenous (IV) microbubbles (MB) have the potential to increase epicardial recanalization (RC) when used with low dose thrombolytic therapy (TT). We hypothesized that this therapy may also dissolve microvascular thrombi, and thus improve microvascular recovery during treatment of an acute coronary thrombosis. In 45 closed chest pigs, acute left anterior descending (LAD) thromotic occlusions were created, followed by randomized treatment to either a) IV low dose TT alone (50,000 u/kg recombinant urokinase; n=15), or b) IV low dose TT combined with IV lipid encapsulated MB (ImaRx Therapeutics, Inc) and TTU (1.5 MHz diagnostic transducer using 1.9 MI therapeutic impulses applied only when low MI imaging detected MB within the affected risk area; n=30). Resolution of ST segment elevation as well as wall thickening (WT) within the central portion of the risk area were analyzed in pigs that had epicardial RC versus those that did not exhibit RC in the IV MB treated groups. Epicardial RC occurred within 60 minutes in 15 pigs (50%) treated with IV MB and TTU (p&lt; 0.01 compared to IV TT alone;Table ). Significant &gt;50% ST segment resolution occurred in over 90% of pigs with epicardial RC treated with TT and MB, but also in six of 15 pigs that did not have RC. In these six pigs, WT within the risk area increased similar to the pigs which had epicardial RC (Table ). Diagnostic TTU and IV microbubbles improve microvascular perfusion even if epicardial RC is not achieved, leading to rapid recovery of function. Both epicardial and microvascular reflow can be achieved with this technique. ST segment and WT Changes Before and Following Treatment
Coexistance of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and celiac disease: Complete remission with gluten free diet
Authors: Mehmet Aydogan, Alper Gundogan, Ergun Ucar, Canturk Tasci, Seyfettin Gumus, Zulfikar Polat, Omer Deniz, Ergun Tozkoparan, Metin Ozkan, Hayati Bilgic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a rare disease of unknown etiology usually characterized by recurrent episodes of alveolar hemorrhage, hemoptysis and iron deficiency anemia. It occurs most frequently in children but rarely in adults. The combination of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and celiac disease is also extremely rare. A 24-year-old man with history of recurrent hemoptysis and anemia was diagnosed with the combination of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and celiac disease. The patient was started on a gluten-free diet and has had no recurrences of hemoptysis over 2 months' follow-up. Hemoglobin at 2 months' follow up was normal and graund glass opasities in HRCT scan completely disappeared.