tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Threshold Level of Intratumor CD8+ T-cell PD1 Expression Dictates Therapeutic Response to Anti-PD1
Authors: Shin Foong Ngiow, Arabella Young, Nicolas Jacquelot, Takahiro Yamazaki, David Enot, Laurence Zitvogel, Mark J. Smyth
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Despite successes, thus far, a significant proportion of the patients treated with anti-PD1 antibodies have failed to respond. We use mouse tumor models of anti-PD1 sensitivity and resistance and flow cytometry to assess tumor-infiltrating immune cells immediately after therapy. We demonstrate that the expression levels of T-cell PD1 (PD1lo), myeloid, and T-cell PDL1 (PDL1hi) in the tumor microenvironment inversely correlate and dictate the efficacy of anti-PD1 mAb and function of intratumor CD8+ T cells. In sensitive tumors, we reveal a threshold for PD1 downregulation on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells below which the release of adaptive immune resistance is achieved. In contrast, PD1hi T cells in resistant tumors fail to be rescued by anti-PD1 therapy and remain dysfunctional unless intratumor PDL1lo immune cells are targeted. Intratumor Tregs are partly responsible for the development of anti-PD1–resistant tumors and PD1hi CD8+ T cells. Our analyses provide a framework to interrogate intratumor CD8+ T-cell PD1 and immune PDL1 levels and response in human cancer. Cancer Res; 75(18); 3800–11. ©2015 AACR.
Abstract 14046: Hibernating Myocardium in Chronic Ischemic Heart: Demonstration by 256-MSCT 4-D Color-coded Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Michinobu Nagao, Masamitsu Hatakenaka, Yoshio Matsuo, Shunya Sunami, Takeshi Kamitani, Mikako Zinnouchi, Ko Higuchi, Koichiro Abe, Shingo Baba, Yashushi Mukai, Taiki Higo, Kenji Sunagawa, Hiroshi Honda
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Pulmonary fat embolism presenting as chronic respiratory failure
Authors: D Galdermans, D Coolen, I Neetens, J Bultinck, G Parizel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

A patient is presented with progressive respiratory failure, caused by pulmonary fat embolism as proved by an open lung biopsy. Four and a half yrs earlier, she underwent a right hip operation. We surmise that a loosening hip prosthesis caused the marrow embolisation.
Aerosol bolus dispersion and effective airway diameters in mildly asthmatic children
Authors: H Schulz, A Schulz, P Brand, T Tuch, E von Mutius, R Erdl, D Reinhardt, J Heyder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The contribution of aerosol techniques, the estimation of aerosol bolus dispersion and effective airway dimensions, to the clinical diagnosis of paediatric asthma was studied. In 47 children, aged 11 +/- 2 yrs, with mild asthma (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 83 +/- 9% of forced vital capacity (FVC)) effective airway diameters were derived from the recovery of inhaled 1 micron sebacate droplets. Intrapulmonary dispersion of inhaled boluses of 0.4 micron droplets was studied, by characterizing the concentration distributions of droplets in the exhaled air by their standard deviation and skewness. Effective airway diameters increased in asthmatic subjects with increasing body size, and did not differ from those obtained in 16 healthy children of similar age and height. Standard deviation and skewness of particle boluses exhaled from shallow lung depths were higher in the asthmatic children than the healthy children (e.g. standard deviation 91 +/- 17 ml vs 79 +/- 15 ml, skewness 0.38 +/- 0.16 vs 0.23 +/- 0.16, respectively, for boluses in 140 ml lung depth). The sensitivity and specificity of bolus dispersion to detect alterations in lung function was comparable to that of FEV1/FVC, the most sensitive conventional lung function parameter in the present study. There was no correlation between body height or lung function and bolus parameters. We conclude that aerosol measurements do not provide an obvious benefit for the clinical diagnosis of mild paediatric asthma, but bolus dispersion supplies additional information on alterations in convective gas transport in the diseased lung.
Correlation between asthma severity and indices of daily monitoring of peripheral arterial pressure
Authors: Liudmyla Iashyna, Yuriy Feschenko, Marina Polianska, Svitlana Ishchuk, Irina Chumak, Elena Potochniak, Inna Jawad, Liudmyla Savelieva, Svitlana Moskalenko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim of the investigation: to assess correlation between asthma severity and indices of daily monitoring of peripheral arterial pressure (PAP).

Materials and methods: 60 severe BA patients (FEV1 (56,4±2,0)% pred.), male 27, female 33, on the age 24-83 years were studied with the use of ACT, daily monitoring of PAP.

Results: Mean ACT was (16,3±0,9) points, 24 hours' max systolic AP (164,3±3,1) max systolic AP per diem (161,6±3,0), max systolic AP overnight (148,8±3,5), 24 hours' max sphygmic AP (79,0±2,1), max sphygmic AT per diem (78,5±2,1), max overnight sphygmic AP (70,9±2,2), max average overnight AP (105,7±2,3) mm Hg. Correlative analysis revealed presence of significant (p < 0,05) moderate link between ACT and indices of PAP (r: -0,501 for 24 hours' max sphygmic AP, -0,469 for max sphygmic AT per diem, -0,447 for max systolic AP overnight, -0,407 for max average overnight AP).

Conclusion: In severe asthma patients as more were PAP, the worse was asthma control.
Incidence and species distribution of candidaemia in Asia: a laboratory-based surveillance study
Authors: B.H. Tan, A. Chakrabarti, R.Y. Li, A.K. Patel, S.P. Watcharananan, Z. Liu, A. Chindamporn, A.L. Tan, P.-L. Sun, U.-I. Wu, Y.-C. Chen, Y.-C. Xu, H. Wang, Z.-Y. Sun, L.-L. Wang, J. Lu, Q. Yang, Q.-Q. Zhang, H.-F. Shao, K. Liao, P.C.Y. Woo, R.S.K. Marak, A.J. Kindo, C.-L. Wu, M.-W. Ho, P.-L. Lu, L.-S. Wang, P. Riengchan
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)

The epidemiology of candidaemia varies between hospitals and geographic regions. Although there are many studies from Asia, a large-scale cross-sectional study across Asia has not been performed. We conducted a 12-month, laboratory-based surveillance of candidaemia at 25 hospitals from China, Hong Kong, India, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. The incidence and species distribution of candidaemia were determined. There were 1601 episodes of candidaemia among 1.2 million discharges. The overall incidence was 1.22 episodes per 1000 discharges and varied among the hospitals (range 0.16–4.53 per 1000 discharges) and countries (range 0.25–2.93 per 1000 discharges). The number of Candida blood isolates and the total number of fungal isolates were highly correlated among the six countries (R² = 0.87) and 25 hospitals (R² = 0.77). There was a moderate correlation between incidence of candidaemia and the intensive care unit (ICU)/total bed ratio (R² = 0.47), although ICUs contributed to only 23% of candidaemia cases. Of 1910 blood isolates evaluated, Candida albicans was most frequently isolated (41.3%), followed by Candida tropicalis (25.4%), Candida glabrata (13.9%) and Candida parapsilosis (12.1%). The proportion of C. tropicalis among blood isolates was higher in haemato-oncology wards than others wards (33.7% versus 24.5%, p 0.0058) and was more likely to be isolated from tropical countries than other Asian countries (46.2% versus 18.9%, p 0.04). In conclusion, the ICU settings contribute, at least in part, to the incidence variation among hospitals. The species distribution is different from Western countries. Both geographic and healthcare factors contribute to the variation of species distribution.
Detection of Feline Paraffin Embedding Leukemia Virus in Tissues of Cats by a Paraffin Embedding Immunofluorescence Procedure2
Authors: J. L. Rojko, E. A. Hoover, L. E. Mathes, W. R. Hause, J. P. Schaller, R. G. Olsen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)
Comparison of CAT and mMRC in evaluating clinical symptoms co-morbidity and medical resource utilization in COPD patients
Authors: Chin-Chou Wang, Ching-Hsiung Lin, Shih-Lung Cheng, Ming-Cheng Chan, Jeng Yuan Hsu, Lung-Wen Hang, Steven Diahn-Warng Perng, Chong-Jen Yu, Hao-Chien Wang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background

The 2011 GOLD proposed a new classification system emphasizing clinical symptom evaluation by CAT or mMRC scores.

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of two scoring systems in evaluating COPD classification.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study for surveying the epidemiology of COPD in Taiwan. The study was carried out from January to May 2013. Among 6600 subjects (age >40), 404 (6.1%) were defined as COPD. The co-morbidities, COPD related symptoms, health care resource utilization, and symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were collected and analyzed.

Results

Comparing the effectiveness for evaluating co-morbidities, symptoms associated with COPD and OSA, there were significant differences in favor of CAT as compared to mMRC (P=0.021, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). When comparing health care resource utilization; CAT and mMRC have equal effectiveness in evaluating patients with regular medical follow-up (P<0.001, P<0.001), there were significant differences in favor of mMRC regarding emergency room visit and hospitalization (P=0.047, P<0.001). However, CAT has better effevtiveness in evaluating patients with ICU admission (P=0.005). In comparison with clinical symptom evaluation, CAT (divided into 2 groups; 0-9 and 10-40) and mMRC (divided into 2 groups; 0-1 and 2-5) did not show association in categorical variables (P=0.150). There was a concordance for categorical variables in only 33% of subjects (low CAT/mMRC or high CAT/ mMRC).

Conclusions

The CAT appears to be better than mMRC in profiling clinical symptoms, co-morbidities and medical resource utilization for ICU admission in COPD patients.
Physical Function and Hospital Readmissions—Reply
Authors: S. Ryan Greysen, Kenneth E. Covinsky
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Melanoma of the hand and foot: epidemiological, prognostic and genetic features. A systematic review
Authors: F. Durbec, L. Martin, C. Derancourt, F. Grange
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

While early recognition and prognosis of melanoma as a whole have improved, particular forms of rarer, under-recognized or more severe tumours require increasing attention. Among them, melanomas located on the hand and/or foot (hand and foot melanoma, HFM) have been the subject of few and heterogeneous studies, with variable and sometimes confusing results, and have not been targeted to date by comprehensive literature reviews.To perform a formal, systematic review of the literature, focusing on epidemiology, risk factors, prognosis and genetic characteristics of HFM. Methods All data sources were identified through searches on Medline, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Articles were selected and evaluated according to predefined quality criteria.Among 1185 articles screened for relevance, 37 met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis brought to light important particularities of HFMs: they are rare in all ethnic groups of developed countries, but have been insufficiently studied in the developing world. About half are of the specific acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) subtype. Previous trauma and naevi on the soles/toes were identified as two main risk factors in case-control studies. Genetic or environmental factors other than sun exposure are likely to play a role but require further investigation. Compared with melanoma at other sites, their prognosis is poor mainly as a consequence of later diagnosis, but possibly also because of an intrinsic negative effect of the HFM/ALM subtype. Standard prognostic factors of melanoma have been insufficiently validated to date in HFM. Finally, their molecular genetic particularities could lead to specific targeted therapies in the near future.Overall, HFM could represent a particular subgroup of rare, potentially severe melanomas, requiring specific management from their prevention up to their treatment.
BAFF activation of the ERK5 MAP kinase pathway regulates B cell survival
Authors: Emilie Jacque, Edina Schweighoffer, Victor L.J. Tybulewicz, Steven C. Ley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

B cell activating factor (BAFF) stimulation of the BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) is essential for the homeostatic survival of mature B cells. Earlier in vitro experiments with inhibitors that block MEK 1 and 2 suggested that activation of ERK 1 and 2 MAP kinases is required for BAFF-R to promote B cell survival. However, these inhibitors are now known to also inhibit MEK5, which activates the related MAP kinase ERK5. In the present study, we demonstrated that BAFF-induced B cell survival was actually independent of ERK1/2 activation but required ERK5 activation. Consistent with this, we showed that conditional deletion of ERK5 in B cells led to a pronounced global reduction in mature B2 B cell numbers, which correlated with impaired survival of ERK5-deficient B cells after BAFF stimulation. ERK5 was required for optimal BAFF up-regulation of Mcl1 and Bcl2a1, which are prosurvival members of the Bcl-2 family. However, ERK5 deficiency did not alter BAFF activation of the PI3-kinase–Akt or NF-κB signaling pathways, which are also important for BAFF to promote mature B cell survival. Our study reveals a critical role for the MEK5-ERK5 MAP kinase signaling pathway in BAFF-induced mature B cell survival and homeostatic maintenance of B2 cell numbers.
A Case-Control Study of Dietary and Nondietary Factors in Ovarian Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T Byers, J Marshall, S Graham, C Mettlin, M Swanson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

A case-control study is presented that estimates ovarian cancer risk for various factors, including diet. Data collected by interview between 1957 and 1965 for 274 white women aged 30-79 years with epithelial carcinoma of the ovary are compared to data similarly collected for 1,034 hospital controls. Relative risk estimates are presented for the total group as well as for premonopausal (ages 30-49) and postmenopausal (ages 50-79) are groups. In the total group, cancer risk increased with increasing age at first marriage (P less than .01) and previous history of benign breast disease (P less than 0.1), and risk decreased with increasing number of previous pregnancies (P less than .01). In the 50- to 79-year age group, a marginally significant trend for decreasing risk with increasing obesity was observed (P less than .10). There was no significant risk (i.e., P less than .10) associated with the consumption of alcohol, cigarettes, coffee, tea, total dietary protein, vitamin C, or fat at any age. In the 30- to 49-year age group only, increased risk (P less than .01) was seen in women reporting diets low in fiber and vitamin A from fruit and vegetable sources. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the apparent protective effect of vitamin A in the 30- to 49-year age group (but not dietary fiber) was independent of the nondietary factors analyzed in this study (P less than .05).
Inactivation by Electron Radiation of the Capacity of Goldenrod Polysaccharide to Induce Vacuolization in Ascites Tumor Cells
Authors: John W. Preiss, Morris Belkin, Walter G. Hardy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

A polysaccharide from goldenrod was exposed to various doses of 7 kv electrons from a tungsten filament. The attenuation of the capacity of this polymer to induce cytoplasmic vacuolization and enlargement in Sarcoma 37 ascites tumor cells was studied. The logarithm of survival for this property was found to be a nearly linear function of electron dose, within the limits of experimental error. No negative curvature near zero dose was observed. Dose-survival curves for the inactivation of the enzymic functions of ribonuclease (mol. wt. 13,700) and invertase (mol. wt. 120,000) were obtained in the same manner. A comparison with these curves leads to the conclusion that the molecular weight of the polysaccharide moiety responsible for cell vacuolization is in the order of 8,000.
Lung volume equipment and infection control. ERS/ATS Workshop Report Series. European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society
Authors: JL Clausen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

As part of the consensus workshop regarding lung volume measurements for the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society, this background paper reviews mechanisms and risks of cross-infection resultant from performing measurements of absolute lung volumes either by body plethysmography, gas dilution, or gas wash-out techniques. Published reports of infection attributable to the performance of lung volume measurements are extremely rare. Nevertheless, because some infectious agents could be transmitted during measurements of lung volumes, and because of widespread concerns both of patients and some medical personnel about the risks of transmission of infections during inspiration from equipment used by other patients, a variety of measures have been advocated to minimize the risks of cross-infection. Workshop participants were divided in opinion about whether such testing does indeed pose significant risk of cross-infection, and also could not agree regarding optimal measures to prevent cross-infection. Although there is conflicting information regarding the efficacy of particulate filters for protecting cross-contamination of downstream equipment and tubing, the author recommends that such filters be used when making lung volume measurements, but only if the filter has acceptably low resistance (e.g. &lt;0.15 kPa x L(-1) x s (1.5 cmH2O x L(-1) x s)), and the measurements are adjusted for the impact of the added resistance and dead space.
Which device for which patient? Criteria for selecting inhaler devices
Authors: Sawsan Baddar, Omar Al Rawas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Inhalation is the preferred route of delivery for anti-asthma medications. Asthma management guidelines recommend inhalation choice, but they don9t provide specific guidance regarding devices selection.  Unless all asthmatic patients are able to use their inhaler devices correctly, poor inhaler technique will continue to be one of the main obstacle of asthma management. Prescribing a suitable device for the patient will grantee better inhaler technique and improves medication delivery to the airways and as a result will improve level of asthma control.  The ideal inhaler device is the device that is easy to be used by the patient and enable the desired medication to reach the airways. The selection of the device should be made after assessing patients abilities to ensure that they are able to understand the instructions and perform all the necessary steps correctly. However, in reality inhaler devices are often prescribed according to patient age, level of education, cost of the device, pharmaceutical companies recommendations or prescribers preference.  To guide our prescribers in selecting the best devices for their patients, we developed inhaler devices selection criteria according to patient9s cognitive, physical and inhalation abilities.  The aim of this presentation is to present the criteria assessment steps and inhaler devices choices.   References:   1. Robert Barrons. Am J Health Syst Pharm, July 2011; 68:1, 1221-1232  2. P. Anderson. Eur Respir Rev 2005; 14: 96, 109–116.
Abstract 17183: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance with Late Gadolinium Enhancement is a Marker of Active Inflammation in Constrictive Pericarditis Patients: Imaging and Biochemical Correlation
Authors: M Chadi Alraies, Wael AlJaroudi, Andrew O Zurick, Cyrus Shabrang, Andrew C To, Hirad Yarmohammadi, Arun Dahiya, Scott D Flamm, Allan L Klein
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: The diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis (CP) is problematic and there is limited data on the role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and management of CP. Hypothesis: We sought to study the correlation of CMR LGE and inflammatory markers with disease activity of CP and response to treatment. Methods: We identified 59 patients (mean age 52±10 years, 64% female) with confirmed medically managed CP between 2007 and 2010 who had serial CMR and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) at baseline and follow-up (26±16 weeks). Results: At baseline, LGE was absent in 9 patients (18%) (Group 1) and present in 50 (84%) (Group 2). Patients in Group 2 had worse heart failure symptoms, higher baseline hs-CRP levels, and were more likely to be treated with prednisone and colchicine (Table 1). On follow-up CMR, none of the patients in Group 1 demonstrated LGE while the patients in Group 2 showed reduction. There was a significant decrease in heart failure symptoms and hs-CRP in Group 2 (P=0.01). Conclusion: In patients with CP, CMR can be used as a measure of ongoing inflammation and its presence correlates with disease activity. It can be performed serially in CP patients to follow disease progression and resolution with medical management, thus avoiding unwanted referrals to surgery.