tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies of STM properties in animals may help us better understand the nature of our own storage limitations: The case of birdsong acquisition
Authors: Dietmar Todt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

I like Cowan's review of STM properties and especially his suggestions on the role of attention. I missed, however, a consideration of studies which provide evidence for STM properties in animals. In my commentary, I argue that such evidence can elucidate the biological basis of storage limitations, validating this view by discussing mechanisms which constrain the acquisition of serial information in songbirds.
Plagues and Politics: The Story of the United States Public Health Service
Authors: Myron H. Wegman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Newspapers, television, and other media report disease outbreaks and therapeutic advances in medicine promptly and dramatically but pay little attention to routine public health activities that prevent disease and epidemics. In<i>Plagues and Politics</i>, Dr Fitzhugh Mullan, a US Public Health Service commissioned officer whose grandfather was also in the Service, contributes to correcting this imbalance with a history of the Service since its Revolutionary War beginnings as a source of medical care for merchant mariners. The book was prepared at the invitation of former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, who has written a personal and thoughtful foreword. "History should be a good story" begins Mullan, and he makes it one. His task is formidable, for he not only traces the broad lines of Public Health Service history but also follows some specific issues such as the story of fluoridation of public water supplies and the swine flu vaccination campaign.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy for lymphadenopathy of unknown origin
Authors: I. Yasuda, H. Tsurumi, S. Omar, T. Iwashita, Y. Kojima, T. Yamada, M. Sawada, T. Takami, H. Moriwaki, N. Soehendra
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and study aims: The diagnosis of mediastinal and intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy is sometimes difficult, especially in patients who have no other primary lesions. Lymphoma is one of the main causes of this condition. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a safe and accurate diagnostic procedure for lesions surrounding the gastrointestinal tract. However, diagnosing lymphoma using the EUS-FNA technique remains a diagnostic challenge, due to limitations in the amount of material sampled. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the yield of EUS-FNA biopsy (EUS-FNAB) using a large-gauge needle in patients with mediastinal and intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy of unknown origin, especially in relation to subclassification of the lymphomas. Patients and methods: Consecutive patients with mediastinal and intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy of unknown origin who were referred between October 2003 and March 2005 were enrolled in the study. EUS-FNAB was carried out using a 19-gauge needle, passing through the esophageal, gastric, and duodenal walls. Pathological diagnoses were made on the basis of histological findings, including immunopathological staining. Results: A total of 104 patients were included in the study. The locations of the lymph nodes were mediastinal in 50 patients, intra-abdominal in 48 patients, and both mediastinal and intra-abdominal in six patients. The diagnoses made using EUS-FNAB were lymphoma (n = 48), metastasis (n = 16), and benign/reactive (n = 40). The overall accuracy of EUS-FNAB for unknown lymphadenopathy was 98 %, and it was possible to classify the lymphomas in accordance with the World Health Organization classifications in 88 % of cases. No serious complications occurred with the procedure. Conclusions: Open thoracic surgery, laparotomy, and other invasive diagnostic procedures such as mediastinoscopy and laparoscopy can now be avoided, as EUS-FNAB is potentially a safe and accurate tool for diagnosing unknown lymphadenopathy, including lymphoma.
MicroRNA-125b suppressesed human liver cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by directly targeting oncogene LIN28B2
Authors: Linhui Liang, Chun-Ming Wong, Qiao Ying, Dorothy Ngo-Yin Fan, Shenglin Huang, Jie Ding, Jian Yao, Mingxia Yan, Jinjun Li, Ming Yao, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Xianghuo He
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in human cancer. Our previous study showed that miR-125b was a prognostic indicator for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its functions and exact mechanisms in hepatic carcinogenesis are still unknown. Here we demonstrate that miR-125b suppressed HCC cell growth in vitro and in vivo . Moreover, miR-125b increased p21Cip1/Waf1 expression and arrested cell cycle at G1 to S transition. In addition, miR-125b inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion. Further studies revealed that LIN28B was a downstream target of miR-125b in HCC cells as miR-125b bound directly to the 3′ untranslated region of LIN28B , thus reducing both the messenger RNA and protein levels of LIN28B . Silencing of LIN28B recapitulated the effects of miR-125b overexpression, whereas enforced expression of LIN28B reversed the suppressive effects of miR-125b. Conclusion: These findings indicate that miR-125b exerts tumor-suppressive effects in hepatic carcinogenesis through the suppression of oncogene LIN28B expression and suggest a therapeutic application of miR-125b in HCC. (Hepatology 2010)
Role of Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in the Front-Line Setting
Authors: M. Markman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

During the last several decades, clinical investigators have confirmed the safety and pharmacokinetic advantage associated with the intraperitoneal delivery of a number of antineoplastic agents with known activity in ovarian cancer. Phase II experience has revealed that objective responses, including surgically documented complete remissions, can occur when regional drug delivery is used as second-line treatment of this malignancy. Three randomized trials have shown that when cisplatin-based intraperitoneal treatment is used in the front-line setting, it results in superior progression-free and overall survival compared with intravenous cisplatin. Despite these facts, an ultimate role for regional drug delivery as initial treatment of ovarian cancer will require additional trials to define how to optimize the use of this unique therapeutic strategy.
Increased Release of Gut Glucagon in Reactive Hypoglycaemia
Authors: J. F. Rehfeld, L. G. Heding
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A patient with reactive hypoglycaemia showed hypersecretion of insulin in response to enteral beta-cell stimulation. Increased levels of gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity in serum were demonstrated by use of specific antisera. Other measurable hormones influencing carbohydrate metabolism were within normal limits. It is suggested that gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity may be of pathogenetic significance in reactive hypoglycaemia.
Detection of Colon Carcinoma and the Barium Enema
Authors: Roscoe E. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1974)

ACCORDING to the latest estimate of the American Cancer Society, new cases of cancer of the colon and rectum will be found in 99,000 Americans during this coming year.<sup>1</sup>In the same year, 48,000 Americans will die of that disease. The situation need not continue to be this grim, since cancer of the colon is highly curable if it is treated early. Selected studies report a 71% five-year survival rate after surgery of localized disease.<sup>2</sup> The barium enema is the principal method for detecting colon cancer other than by direct observation with the sigmoidoscope and colonoscope. The recent introduction of fiber colonoscopy (examination of the entire colon by fiber optics) is a helpful diagnostic addition in detection of cancer of the colon. However, the expense of this examination is far greater than that of a barium enema, and the number of instruments available, as well as of skilled
Transient signals per se do not disrupt the flash-lag effect
Authors: Piers D. Howe, Todd S. Horowitz, Jeremy M. Wolfe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Nijhawan's theory rests on the assumption that transient signals compete with predictive signals to generate the visual percept. We describe experiments that show that this assumption is incorrect. Our results are consistent with an alternative theory that proposes that vision is instead postdictive, in that the perception of an event is influenced by occurrences after the event.
The inverse association of plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations with apolipoprotein(a) isoform size is not due to differences in Lp(a) catabolism but to differences in production rate.
Authors: D J Rader, W Cain, K Ikewaki, G Talley, L A Zech, D Usher, H B Brewer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is an atherogenic lipoprotein which is similar in structure to low density lipoproteins (LDL) but contains an additional protein called apolipoprotein(a) (apo[a]). Apo(a) is highly polymorphic in size, and there is a strong inverse association between the size of the apo(a) isoform and the plasma concentration of Lp(a). We directly compared the in vivo catabolism of Lp(a) particles containing different size apo(a) isoforms to establish whether there is an effect of apo(a) isoform size on the catabolic rate of Lp(a). In the first series of studies, four normal subjects were injected with radio-labeled S1-Lp(a) and S2-Lp(a) and another four subjects were injected with radiolabeled S2-Lp(a) and S4-Lp(a). No significant differences in fractional catabolic rate were found between Lp(a) particles containing different apo(a) isoforms. To confirm that apo(a) isoform size does not influence the rate of Lp(a) catabolism, three subjects heterozygous for apo(a) were selected for preparative isolation of both Lp(a) particles. The first was a B/S3-apo(a) subject, the second a S4/S6-apo(a) subject, and the third an F/S3-apo(a) subject. From each subject, both Lp(a) particles were preparatively isolated, radiolabeled, and injected into donor subjects and normal volunteers. In all cases, the catabolic rates of the two forms of Lp(a) were not significantly different. In contrast, the allele-specific apo(a) production rates were more than twice as great for the smaller apo(a) isoforms than for the larger apo(a) isoforms. In a total of 17 studies directly comparing Lp(a) particles of different apo(a) isoform size, the mean fractional catabolic rate of the Lp(a) with smaller size apo(a) was 0.329 +/- 0.090 day-1 and of the Lp(a) with the larger size apo(a) 0.306 +/- 0.079 day-1, not significantly different. In summary, the inverse association of plasma Lp(a) concentrations with apo(a) isoform size is not due to differences in the catabolic rates of Lp(a) but rather to differences in Lp(a) production rates.
Enzymes of buccal epithelium in psoriasis
Authors: HANS HAMMAR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

The normal buccal mucosa was analysed by application of Lowry's microtechniques in thirteen psoriatic patients with guttate skin lesions and in fifteen healthy controls, for the following enzymes: glucose 6‐phosphate, glycerol 3‐phosphate and glyceraldchydc phosphate dehydrogenases, pyruvate kinase (PK) and NAD and NADP dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases. The material was obtained from superficial and adjacent basal parts of the epithelial rete ridges. Enzymatic activities were higher in basal than in superficial epithelium except for PK in controls. The PK activity was lower in the psoriatic patients than in the controls when the superficial epithelium was compared. No differences were found between the controls and the psoriatic patients with regard to activities of the other five enzymes measured.
Tc-99m Labeled RBC Scan in Maffucci??s Syndrome
Authors: RICHARD H. TUPLER, ELLIOTT H. TURBINER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A Tc-99m RBC venogram was performed for the evaluation of deep venous thrombosis in a patient with Maffucci's syndrome, which consists of the combination of soft tissue hemangiomas and enchondromas. Because of extensive soft tissue activity on the venogram, a wholebody tagged RBC scan was performed, revealing multiple soft tissue hemagiomas.
Groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India.
Authors: U K Chowdhury, B K Biswas, T R Chowdhury, G Samanta, B K Mandal, G C Basu, C R Chanda, D Lodh, K C Saha, S K Mukherjee, S Roy, S Kabir, Q Quamruzzaman, D Chakraborti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Nine districts in West Bengal, India, and 42 districts in Bangladesh have arsenic levels in groundwater above the World Health Organization maximum permissible limit of 50 microg/L. The area and population of the 42 districts in Bangladesh and the 9 districts in West Bengal are 92,106 km(2) and 79.9 million and 38,865 km(2) and 42.7 million, respectively. In our preliminary study, we have identified 985 arsenic-affected villages in 69 police stations/blocks of nine arsenic-affected districts in West Bengal. In Bangladesh, we have identified 492 affected villages in 141 police stations/blocks of 42 affected districts. To date, we have collected 10,991 water samples from 42 arsenic-affected districts in Bangladesh for analysis, 58,166 water samples from nine arsenic-affected districts in West Bengal. Of the water samples that we analyzed, 59 and 34%, respectively, contained arsenic levels above 50 microg/L. Thousands of hair, nail, and urine samples from people living in arsenic-affected villages have been analyzed to date; Bangladesh and West Bengal, 93 and 77% samples, on an average, contained arsenic above the normal/toxic level. We surveyed 27 of 42 districts in Bangladesh for arsenic patients; we identified patients with arsenical skin lesions in 25 districts. In West Bengal, we identified patients with lesions in seven of nine districts. We examined people from the affected villages at random for arsenical dermatologic features (11,180 and 29,035 from Bangladesh and West Bengal, respectively); 24.47 and 15.02% of those examined, respectively, had skin lesions. After 10 years of study in West Bengal and 5 in Bangladesh, we feel that we have seen only the tip of iceberg.
Assessment of Statistically Significant Changes in Diastolic Blood Pressures
Authors: Paul D. Varady
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To assess the result of any treatment of patients for the relief of hypertension, it is necessary to ascertain within what limits the blood pressures may vary in a series of hospital diastolic supine blood pressures. Only cases with at least nine hospital supine diastolic pressures were used. The population was then stratified into subjects with renovascular lesions and those with primary essential hypertension. The standard deviation for hospital diastolic supine blood pressures was found to be 10.23 mm Hg, regardless of the etiology of the hypertension. The large sample size in this report, with the corresponding stability of the estimate of blood pressure variability, enables these results to be used as a basis for definitions of therapeutic results.
Lyn is an important component of the signal transduction pathway specific to FLT3/ITD and can be a therapeutic target in the treatment of AML with FLT3/ITD
Authors: M Okamoto, F Hayakawa, Y Miyata, K Watamoto, N Emi, A Abe, H Kiyoi, M Towatari, T Naoe
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
People with learning disabilities are more likely to die prematurely, inquiry finds
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

People with learning disabilities are dying on average 16 years earlier than people in the general population in England because the NHS is failing to treat them adequately, an inquiry has found.

The Department of Health commissioned researchers at the University of Bristol to undertake a confidential inquiry to assess the extent of premature death among people with learning disabilities and offer guidance on its prevention.1

The researchers reviewed the sequence of events leading to all known deaths of 233 adults and 14 children with learning disabilities occurring over a two year period in five primary care trusts in southwest England and compared them with 58 comparator cases (adults without learning disabilities who died in the study area during the same period of time).

Overall 22% of people with learning disabilities were found to have died before they reached the age of 50, compared with just 9% of the general population. People with …
Salicylate Damage to the Gastric Mucosal Barrier
Authors: Horace W. Davenport
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

EVER since Réaumur, more than two centuries ago, discovered that gastric juice digests meat, men have asked: "Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?" There are two answers to this question. One is, of course, that sometimes the stomach does digest itself, with disastrous consequences. The other is that the gastric mucosa contains a barrier that prevents the digestive juice from attacking the wall of the stomach. A standard scientific method of studying any system is to introduce a perturbation and to see what happens. Because salicylates — acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids – destroy the gastric mucosal barrier, I have used . . .
P70. Development of clinically implementable imaging strategies for tracking T cell receptor-transgenic T cells
Authors: S Mall, C D'Alessandria, M Aichler, A Walch, M Essler, M Schwaiger, C Peschel, A Krackhardt
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Transfer of T lymphocytes genetically modified with T-cell receptors (TCR) specific for tumour-associated antigens is a novel therapeutic approach for diverse malignant diseases. However, efficacy as well as safety of this therapy still needs to be improved. In order to understand
Hepatic accumulation of lysosomes and defective transcytotic vesicular pathways in cirrhotic rat liver
Authors: Jean-François Dufour, Peter Gehr, Jürg Reichen
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

To investigate the potential role of lysosomes in cirrhosis, we analyzed the activity of lysosomal enzymes in rats exposed long-term to phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride. The activity of lysosomal enzymes was markedly increased in the homogenate of cirrhotic livers (e.g., arylsulfatase 9 ± S.D.2 vs. 16 ± 6 nmoles · min−1 · mg−1 in control rats and cirrhotic rats, respectively; p < 0.001). The corresponding plasma levels were also increased (7 ± 1 vs. 12 ± 3 nmoles · min−1 · mg−1; p < 0.01), whereas biliary excretion was diminished (16 ± 7 vs. 7 ± 2 pmol · min−1 · gm liver−1; p < 0.05) in cirrhotic rats. Stereological quantification of lysosomes visualized cytochemically revealed an increase of pericanalicular lysosomes averaging 1.5 ± 0.4 around a canaliculus in controls and 3.7 ± 1.0 in cirrhotic rats (p < 0.01). Because this suggested a defect in the transcellular vesicular pathway, we investigated the biliary excretion of horseradish peroxidase and epidermal growth factor in perfused livers. Bile flow and total horseradish peroxidase excretion were similar in control rats and cirrhotic rats. However, the early peak of biliary horseradish peroxidase excretion — usually taken as evidence of paracellular transport — was increased in cirrhotic rats (13 ± 7 vs. 57 ± 22%; p < 0.01), whereas the second peak—reflecting the transcellular vesicular pathway(s)—was markedly reduced (87 ± 7 vs. 43 ± 22%; p < 0.001). A similar reduction in the biliary excretion of intact epidermal growth factor and of its degradation products was found. These results demonstrate an increased number of lysosomes in hepatocytes of cirrhotic livers; this appears to be the result of accumulation rather than proliferation, in view of the reduced transcellular vesicular movement of different markers into bile. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:997–1006.)
Hypnotism's Medical Heyday
Authors: Robert L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1997)

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Points: Hospital clinic care versus general practice care for type II diabetes
Authors: J Grabinar
Journal: BMJ (1984)

September, p 591) confirmed brain death in the usual way before resuscitation was finally abandoned after four hours.The usual tests of brain death are tests of brain stem function.These tests should be preceded by essential preconditions and necessary exclusions.An essential precondition is irremediable structural brain damage.A necessary exclusion is acute intoxication.'In their patient neither of these criteria was satisfied.Their patient had not responded to intensive resuscitation and had remained hypotensive and anuric.As there had been no recovery and no prospect of recovery it may have been reasonable to discontinue resuscita- tion.It is not possible to use tests of brain death to support this decision as it was impossible to meet the currently accepted preconditions and exclusions which are required to give the tests validity.
Genetically determined P2X7 receptor pore formation regulates variability in chronic pain sensitivity
Authors: Robert E Sorge, Tuan Trang, Ruslan Dorfman, Shad B Smith, Simon Beggs, Jennifer Ritchie, Jean-Sebastien Austin, Dmitri V Zaykin, Heather Vander Meulen, Michael Costigan, Teri A Herbert, Merav Yarkoni-Abitbul, David Tichauer, Jessica Livneh, Edith Gershon, Ming Zheng, Keith Tan, Sally L John, Gary D Slade, Joanne Jordan, Clifford J Woolf, Gary Peltz, William Maixner, Luda Diatchenko, Ze'ev Seltzer, Michael W Salter, Jeffrey S Mogil
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)