tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Topical levocabastine is more effective than sodium cromoglycate for the prophylaxis and treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: B. H. Davies, J. Mullins
Journal: Allergy (1993)

The efficacy, tolerability, and adverse‐effect profile of the recently developed, topical antihistamine levocabastine were compared with those of sodium cromoglycate in a 4‐week double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in 95 patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. At the end of the trial, global therapeutic efficacy was considered to be excellent or good in 87% of levocabastine‐treated patients, as compared with 68% of sodium cromoglycate‐treated patients ( P = 0.006) and 63% of those who received placebo ( P = 0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, levocabastine patients had experienced significantly greater relief from their most severe ocular symptom than patients in the sodium cromoglycate group ( P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, 37% of levocabastine‐treated patients were virtually symptom‐free for at least 75% of the treatment period, as compared with only 6% of patients in the sodium cromoglycate group ( P &lt; 0.01) and 4% of those who received placebo ( P &lt; 0.01). Moreover, this trend was maintained on days when the pollen count was high, when the corresponding figures were 33%, 6% ( P = 0.02), and 4% ( P = 0.02), respectively. Levocabastine was well tolerated. Indeed, the incidence of adverse reactions was no greater in the levocabastine group than in the placebo group. Topical levocabastine is an effective and well‐tolerated drug for the prophylaxis and treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.
AMA calls for inquiry into doctors' role in abuse of prisoners
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The American Medical Association (AMA), the professional body for doctors in the United States, is supporting calls for a new investigation into whether doctors were complicit in the torture of prisoners held by US military forces in Iraq and Afghanistan.

James Rohack, chairman of the AMA's trustees, has written to the US defence secretary, Donald Rumsfeld, supporting a recommendation by the US army investigator, Major General George Fay, for an inquiry into the possible failure of medical professionals “to properly document and report the abuse” of detainees.

The association, which can …
Acute Sinusitis—To Treat or Not to Treat?
Authors: Morten Lindbaek
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Electronic Medical Alerts — So Simple, So Complex
Authors: Pierre Durieux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

One of the most consistent findings in health research is the gap between evidence and practice. It is estimated that the care received by 30 to 40 percent of patients in the United States and the Netherlands does not conform to currently available scientific evidence.1,2 In most developed countries, the publication of national clinical practice guidelines over the past 15 years marked the first attempt to fill this gap. However, merely issuing recommendations is not enough to change practice. Numerous studies have shown that well-designed, complex interventions are required to change physicians' behavior. Reminders that appear when physicians are . . .
“Did you ever suffer from any mental illness?”
Authors: Arnob Chakraborti
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A t one of my psychotherapy sessions the first thing my client asked me, after the usual greetings and smiles, was, “Did you ever suffer from any mental illness?” I had been engaged in therapy with this particular client for a few weeks. We had a good rapport, and in terms of the therapy I felt we were making better than average progress. But nothing in the previous sessions had prepared me for this question. I had never had the opportunity to discuss the nature and degree of self disclosure that would be appropriate to a particular context. I had always and only understood self disclosure as a personal matter: no rules, no guidelines, only discretion. I have not had any diagnosable mental illness; but now, faced with this opening question and put on the spot, I felt a salvo of thoughts shooting through my mind. How should I answer this question? I was apprehensive of losing our rapport, the engagement in therapy, and progress in …
Further Experience with Prolonged Therapeutic Starvation in Gross Refractory Obesity
Authors: J. F. Munro, A. C. Maccuish, J. A. D. Goodall, J. Fraser, L. J. P. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Twenty-five patients suffering from gross refractory obesity agreed to be starved in hospital until they weighed not more than 25% over their ideal weight. Two discharged themselves prematurely, four defaulted from follow-up, and seven who for various reasons were discharged before completing their treatment have since regained weight. After a mean follow-up period of nearly 18 months 8 of the remaining 12 remained near their weight on discharge. Some kind of initial psychological assessment might improve these results, but prolonged therapeutic starvation may be of value in young patients with gross refractory obesity who are psychologically suitable and socially able to undergo such treatment.
Exome Sequencing Can Improve Diagnosis and Alter Patient Management
Authors: Tracy J. Dixon-Salazar, Jennifer L. Silhavy, Nitin Udpa, Jana Schroth, Stephanie Bielas, Ashleigh E. Schaffer, Jesus Olvera, Vineet Bafna, Maha S. Zaki, Ghada H. Abdel-Salam, Lobna A. Mansour, Laila Selim, Sawsan Abdel-Hadi, Naima Marzouki, Tawfeg Ben-Omran, Nouriya A. Al-Saana, F. Müjgan Sonmez, Figen Celep, Matloob Azam, Kiley J. Hill, Adrienne Collazo, Ali G. Fenstermaker, Gaia Novarino, Naiara Akizu, Kiran V. Garimella, Carrie Sougnez, Carsten Russ, Stacey B. Gabriel, Joseph G. Gleeson
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

The translation of "next-generation" sequencing directly to the clinic is still being assessed but has the potential for genetic diseases to reduce costs, advance accuracy, and point to unsuspected yet treatable conditions. To study its capability in the clinic, we performed whole-exome sequencing in 118 probands with a diagnosis of a pediatric-onset neurodevelopmental disease in which most known causes had been excluded. Twenty-two genes not previously identified as disease-causing were identified in this study (19% of cohort), further establishing exome sequencing as a useful tool for gene discovery. New genes identified included EXOC8 in Joubert syndrome and GFM2 in a patient with microcephaly, simplified gyral pattern, and insulin-dependent diabetes. Exome sequencing uncovered 10 probands (8% of cohort) with mutations in genes known to cause a disease different from the initial diagnosis. Upon further medical evaluation, these mutations were found to account for each proband's disease, leading to a change in diagnosis, some of which led to changes in patient management. Our data provide proof of principle that genomic strategies are useful in clarifying diagnosis in a proportion of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Successful Transplantation of Kidney from a Human Cadaver
Authors: J. P. Merrill
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A kidney from a cadaver was transplanted into a chronically uremic patient. Subsequently both of the patient's own diseased kidneys were removed. The renal homograft is sustaining life after 15 months. Although kidney function is subnormal and the patient has nitrogen retention and anemia, he feels well and is working regularly. Several episodes of threatened "rejection" of the transplant have been reversed with immunosuppressive therapy, and the kidney function has been stable for the last 5 months.
Illness, Crises and Loss: Multidisciplinary Linkages
Authors: Clark D. Terrell
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The journal<i>Illness, Crises and Loss: Multidisciplinary Linkages</i>aims high in its goal to become a "discipline networking journal" that is "based on the premise that significant progress in the fields of life-threatening illness and thanatology will be achieved by bringing together the expertise of many and varied professionals." The journal is intended for practitioners; research reports are accepted only if they "show a strong linkage between the findings and clinical practice." The editorial board is
Mesenchymal stem cells as delivery vehicle of porphyrin loaded nanoparticles: Effective photoinduced in vitro killing of osteosarcoma
Authors: S. Duchi, G. Sotgiu, E. Lucarelli, M. Ballestri, B. Dozza, S. Santi, A. Guerrini, P. Dambruoso, S. Giannini, D. Donati, C. Ferroni, G. Varchi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Immunologic Abnormalities in Sarcoidosis
Authors: RONALD P. DANIELE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Patients with active sarcoidosis (acute and chronic) have a depression in systemic cell-mediated immunity manifested by a reduction in the number of circulating T cells and impaired responses of these cells to polyclonal mitogens and recall antigens. These abnormalities are absent in patients with resolved disease and contrast with heightened B-cell activity. The latter includes elevated serum immunoglobulins and the presence of autoantibodies and circulating immune complexes. Similarly, many humoral abnormalities (for example, immune complexes) are absent in patients with resolved disease. Studies of bronchoalveolar cells have revealed changes that are opposite to what is found in peripheral blood. The number of lymphocytes recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage is increased. This is mainly due to an increase in the number of T cells and a subpopulation of activated T cells. These findings suggest that the lung (when involved) is the site of an immune inflammatory response.
African Highway: The Battle for Health in Central Africa
Authors: D. J Buchanan
Journal: BMJ (2008)

For most of the period from 1970 to 1986 I worked as a surgeon and health service manager in Zambia and in particular for the mining industry from 1975. In common with most of the residents of the Copperbelt mining district I rather took for granted the fact that we had no need to take malaria prophylaxis. On reflection this was not something we could have expected. My interest in the history of malaria control on the Copperbelt was first raised by sight of correspondence in 1936 from the directors of the Beatty’s mining company in London urging the chief medical officer at the Roan Antelope mine to put more effort into …
Thalidomide or vitamin E therapy for discoid lupus erythematosus?
Authors: Samuel Ayres
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Thalidomide or vitamin E therapy for discoid lupus erythematosus? Get access Samuel Ayres, Jr Samuel Ayres, Jr 1245 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 211, Los Angeles, California 900017, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue 1, 1 July 1984, Pages 125–126, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04031.x Published: 01 July 1984
Pandemic H1N1 virus transmission and shedding dynamics in index case households of a prospective Vietnamese cohort
Authors: Pham Quang Thai, Le Quynh Mai, Matthijs R.A. Welkers, Nguyen Le Khanh Hang, Le Thi Thanh, Vu Tien Viet Dung, Nguyen Thi Thu Yen, Tran Nhu Duong, Le Nguyen Minh Hoa, Dang Dinh Thoang, Hoang Thi Huyen Trang, Menno D. de Jong, Heiman Wertheim, Nguyen Tran Hien, Peter Horby, Annette Fox
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)

Influenza household transmission studies are required to guide prevention strategies but most passively recruit index cases that seek healthcare. We investigated A(H1N1)pdm09 transmission in a household-based cohort during 2009.Health-workers visited 270 households weekly, and collected swabs from influenza-like-illness cases. If A(H1N1)pdm09 was RT-PCR-confirmed, all household members had symptoms assessed and swabs collected daily for 10-15 days. Viral RNA was quantified and sequenced and serology performed on pre-pandemic sera.Index cases were detected in 20 households containing 81 people. 98.5% lacked A(H1N1)pdm09 neutralizing antibodies in pre-pandemic sera. Eleven (18.6%, 95% CI 10.7-30.4%) of 59 contacts were infected. Virus genetic diversity within households was negligible and less than between households. Index and secondary cases were distributed between mothers, daughters and sons, and had similar virus-RNA shedding and symptom dynamics. Fathers were rarely infected. Five secondary cases (45%) had no apparent symptoms and three shed virus before symptoms. Secondary infection was associated with index case wet cough (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.22-1.99).In this cohort of A(H1N1)pdm09 susceptible persons, virus sequencing was capable of discriminating household from community transmission. Household transmission involved mothers and children but rarely fathers. Asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic shedding was common.
Fish oils and cardiovascular disease
Authors: A. Haines, J. S Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The alleged roles of passive smoldng in causing lung cancer and excess salt in causing hypertension have been endorsed by many medical bodies, incorporated into public policy, and presented to the -public as scientific facts that should be acted on.It is a revealing commentary on the intellectual status of public health epidemiology that the statistical fiction on which this and similar mis- leading advice is derived should have gone un- challenged for so long.
Myocardial Infarction and Use of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Stephen Sidney, David S. Siscovick, Diana B. Petitti, Stephen M. Schwartz, Charles P. Quesenberry, Bruce M. Psaty, Trivellore E. Raghunathan, Joseph Kelaghan, Thomas D. Koepsell
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Population-based case-control studies to assess the relationship of low-dose oral contraceptive (OC) use with myocardial infarction (MI) were performed at 2 sites in the United States (California and Washington state). The purpose of the present study was to estimate risk of MI in relation to use of low-dose OCs in a pooled analysis combining results from the 2 sites.The study included as cases women aged 18 to 44 years with incident MI who had no prior history of ischemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. Women in the case and control groups were interviewed in person regarding OC use and cardiovascular risk factors. The analysis included 271 MI cases and 993 controls. Compared with noncurrent users, the adjusted pooled odds ratio for MI in current OC users was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.44, 2.20) after adjustment for major risk factors and sociodemographic factors. Compared with never users, the adjusted pooled odds ratio for MI was 0.56 (0.21, 1.49) in current OC users and 0.54 (0.31, 0.95) in past OC users. Among past OC users, duration and recency of use were unrelated to MI risk as was current hormone replacement therapy. There was no evidence of interaction between OC use and age, presence of cardiovascular risk factors (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes), obesity, or smoking.We conclude that low-dose OCs as used in these populations are safe with respect to risk of MI in women.
Malignant Hemangioendothelioma Demonstrated by Thallium Imaging
Authors: TOSHIYUKI KIDA, YUJI HUJITA, SHIRO MUNAKA, MIKINDO SASAKI, JUN INOUE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A malignant hemangioendothelioma was identified with Tl-201 imaging in a 54-year-old woman with a large painless tumor at the right side of the buttock. Correlation between Tl-201 and Ga-67 imaging and CT is made.
Lead Doesn’t Spare the Rod: Low-Level Exposure Supercharges Retinal Cell Production in Mice
Authors: Angela Spivey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Efforts to minimize people's exposure to air pollution historically have focused on curbing emissions from tailpipes and smokestacks.But increases in vehicle-kilometers traveled-that is, more cars spending more time on the road-have tempered that effect.Moreover, residential areas, hospitals, and schools often are built adjacent to main traffic arteries, where emissions are highest.An international group of public health researchers now says it's time to start separating people from sources of air pollution as a means of protecting public health [EHP 119(1):29-36; Giles et al.].Air pollution can cause myriad cardiovascular and respiratory problems including asthma, bronchitis, and heart disease.Outdoor air pollutants can easily migrate indoors, and most exposure to ambient air pollution occurs inside buildings.Recent research indicates that people living near congested highways face a greater risk of such diseases and that moving to a lesspolluted neighborhood lowers their risk.The authors describe "promising and largely unexplored" approaches to reducing the health impact of air pollution through interventions targeted at communities and at indivi duals.They base their recommendations on published studies and discussions from a 2009 workshop on this topic held in Vancouver, Canada.The authors argue that cities can improve residents' health by considering air quality during land-use planning.For example, creating high-density, mixed-use areas would enable more people to walk or bicycle to work, school, and shops, thereby reducing emissions and encouraging more exercise; ideally, safe pedestrian and cycling greenways would be located away from traffic.For longerdistance travel, the authors suggest low-emission public transit.And in areas where wood burning is an important heating method, woodstove exchange programs can help residents acquire cleaner-burning stoves affordably.Risk factors for heart disease include a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and a high-sodium diet.Therefore, the authors posit that another approach to reducing a person's risk of being affected by air pollution is to minimize one's overall risk of heart disease.This could involve interventions that encourage people to eat a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants and to get regular exercise.However, because pollution levels vary even within cities, exercise should be planned to minimize exposure.Variations occur by season, with ozone being higher in the summer and particulates from woodstoves higher in the winter, for example.Traffic-related pollutants also spike during rush hour and are higher in heavily traveled areas.
India's Supreme Court consults on right to die for terminally ill people
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

India’s Supreme Court issued notices on 16 July to the country’s state governments for their responses on euthanasia, calling for a national debate on the issue and giving them eight weeks to respond. 

A constitution bench, comprising Chief Justice RM Lodha and Justices JS Khehar, J Chelameswar, A Sikri, and Rohinton F Nariman, heard a petition filed by an Indian non-governmental organisation, Common Cause, and agreed to examine the issue that the …
Blastomycosis
Authors: Philip E. Palmer, Samuel W. McFadden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

IN the case presented below, a nine-year-old girl died in Boston after a severe, progressive respiratory illness of six weeks' duration. A clinical diagnosis of "North American" blastomycosis was made shortly before death and was confirmed at autopsy and on post-mortem culture. The unusual features included the patient's age and sex, the fulminant clinical course, and the geographic location. These, together with unreliability of skin testing, prevented earlier diagnosis.Case ReportA 9-year-old Negro girl had been in apparent good health until 1 month before admission, when progressive fatigue and general malaise developed. One week later a cough, productive of . . .
My 15 minutes of fame
Authors: A. Lindsay
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Background</h3> St. Cuthbert’s Hospice manages their patients’ records through SystmOne, a known patient record software. All the care services, in-patient and out-patient, are managed through the software, therefore it was possible to register outcome data and link it to a particular user, service, spell of care and phase of illness. This opened the path for developing an information system containing online-cloud interactive dashboards, all done with open source technologies, making it an affordable option. The system takes a patient-centred approach, which includes outcome scores per patient and their ‘journey’ across all services, having spells shared across the entire organisation and not by service, everything in one interface and accessible from any device with internet connection. <h3>Methods</h3> The information system works with the data structure of SystmOne, allowing the inclusion of any validated outcome measurement, not only limited to IPOS. The system is made entirely with the R programming language, using the Rstudio ecosystem and is intended to centralise all the data that a hospice produces from every patient. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Having a centralised information system allows hospices to see patients from every perspective, either if an in-patient or out-patient service was delivered. By having spells shared across all services it is possible to see sequentially how the patient has improved or deteriorated and how every department had an impact on the outcome. As most of the technology is open source, any hospice that currently uses SystmOne could make use of the system with little investment. Also, being able to see the data from any device connected to the internet can allow practitioners to access the patient’s outcome even when they are performing a home visit.