tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ETIOLOGY OF CANCER OF THE SKIN
Authors: LEO LOEB
Journal: JAMA (1910)

In the following brief report on cancer of the skin I shall limit myself to a consideration of the epithelial forms of cancer. Even here I shall not be able to go into any detailed discussion and I must ask for indulgence in case I should express my opinions on certain questions without being able to give the data on the basis of which such opinion has been formed. The etiology of cancer of the skin is, of course, on the whole not different from the etiology of cancer in other parts of the body, and the same principles underlie the formation of cancer in various organs. Cancer of the skin differs from cancer in other parts of the body inasmuch as the pathologic changes taking place in the skin are so much more accessible to direct observation. The clinicians have taken advantage of this circumstance, and to the clinicians
Pneumatosis cystoides coli of the ascending colon: colonoscopic and CT colonographic features
Authors: B. Kim, J. Jeong, D. Sohn, K. Han, C. Hong, H. Chang, S.-B. Lim, H. Choi, S.-Y. Jeong
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 51-year-old female was referred to our hospital for asymptomatic multiple cystic lesions detected during screening colonoscopy. The patient had no history of pulmonary disease, peptic ulcers, or connective tissue disease. Colonovideoscopy (CVS) examination revealed 3 - 20 mm sized multiple cystic lesions with an overlying normal mucosal layer in the ascending colon (Figure [1]). The patient subsequently underwent computed tomography (CT) colonography (CTC) in order to evaluate the colonic wall and extracolonic compartments. The CTC images are shown as an endoscopic view and a 3D reconstruction in Figure [2] and Figure [3], respectively. Microscopy examination revealed air-containing cysts and mild inflammation in the submucosal layer (Figure [4]). Based on CVS, CTC, and pathology findings, pneumatosis cystoides coli (PCC) of the ascending colon was diagnosed. As the patient was asymptomatic, treatment consisted of detailed follow-up examinations without medical treatment. The cysts were no longer detectable on CVS and CTC performed 17 months later, indicating that spontaneous resolution had occurred (Figure [5] and [6]).
1132-153 Troponin T elevation is associated with functional and anatomical impairment of the heart in chronic renal failure on maintenance dialysis
Authors: Doo-Soo Jeon, Man-Young Lee, Keon-Woong Moon, Byung-Soo Kim, Seung-Hun Lee, Jong-Jin Kim, Jae-Hyung Kim, Soon-Jo Hong, Kyu-Bo Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Affective Expression in Organic and Functional Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: A. Heerlein, G. de la Parra, S. Aronsohn, F. Lolas
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

Verbal affective expression and psychometric variables were studied in a group of 5 duodenal ulcer and 6 irritable bowel patients. The aim was to assess the relevance of the alexithymia contruct to the distinction between both groups. Irritable bowel patients exhibited higher scores on Zung's depressiveness scale. Alexithymia scores were significantly higher for duodenal ulcer patients. Regarding verbal affective expression a discrimination was possible between both groups in the scale of hostility directed inward. Ulcer patients expressed less affect. These findings suggest that a distinction is possible at the behavioral level between patients with functional vs. patients with organic gastrointestinal illness, thus rendering the concept of alexithymia relevant to this nosological categorization.
Brain and Conscious Experience
Authors: Warren S. McCulloch
Journal: JAMA (1967)

When the Pope excluded philosophers from his conference on problems relating brain to conscious experience, he opened the way for fumbling with the word conscious. It has three distinct meanings appearing in the papers and discussions: (1) agreement of witnesses, used by physicians in forensic medicine; (2) ideas of ideas, perhaps started by Abelard and fostered by Spinoza, a meaning common to all concerned with conceptual learning and so, with the hierarchy of languages, of command and control; (3) presentational immediacy or awareness of anything real or imaginary.  Nevertheless the conferences, with the notable exception of an excellent paper on biochemistry, stick to their knitting, so that their transactions constitute one book. Penfield, humble and humane, records patients' reports of stimulation of brain to guide surgery, and Jasper analyzes nervous activity— both relating experiences to centrencephalic activity. Schaefer analyzes the sequelae of psychoanalysis through social change, and Teuber comprehensively studies
Predicting Clinical States in Individual Patients
Authors: Leonard E. Braitman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

A probability model expresses the relation between the presence of clinical findings (input or independent variables) and the probability that a clinical state will occur (the dependent variable); for example, it expresses the probability that a disease is present or will develop or the probability that an outcome state will be reached.Probability models are developed by using selected study groups. Although these models are most often used to make predictions for groups of patients, they can also predict clinical states for individual patients. The following seven criteria provide a basis for the critical appraisal of probability models.In particular, physicians can use these criteria to decide when a specific probability model should be used to make a prediction in an individual patient. Five of the criteria are concerned with the applicability of a model to a particular patient: 1) the comparability of the patient and the study group used to develop the model; 2) the congruence between the clinical state of interest to patient and physician and the model's outcome; 3) the availability of all input variables where and when the prediction is to be made; 4) the usefulness of a quantitative estimate of the predicted clinical state; and 5) the degree of uncertainty in the probability estimate. The other two criteria are concerned with how well the probability model "works": 6) the fit of probabilities calculated from the model to the outcomes actually observed and 7) the model's ability to discriminate between outcome states relative to chance and to other, more traditional, prediction methods. We illustrate the use of these criteria by applying them, in the form of questions, to a convenient, tabular version of a model that estimates a patient's chances of surviving for 10 years after having definitive surgical therapy for primary cutaneous melanoma.
Developed world is robbing Africa of health staff: Health of nations needs more than health professionals
Authors: Ebrahim Hassen
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Socioeconomic imbalances have a habit of exacerbating themselves: we call them virtuous and vicious cycles. It is near impossible to change the one into the other.

The world is increasingly one integrated system, and costs and benefits are not directly linked. Those who benefit are not those who pay. Conscience may persuade some, some of the …
Letter: Somnolence in children with acute leukaemia.
Authors: S Aronson, D Elmquist, S Garwicz
Journal: BMJ (1974)

impressions, however skilled and experienced the observer, cannot answer the sort of questions posed by Dr. Davies.Spirometry provides the only proven tests that have been used on a large scale for measuring changes in respiratory function over a pro- longed period.In common with other research groups we are now using tests which have been suggested as possibly more appro- priate for the study of diseases of the small airways, but the results will not be avail- able for some time.Dr. Davies restates the interesting hypothesis that chronic bronchitis may protect men from developing pneumoconiosis.He cites recent work showing that relatively large particles (> 3 ,um) have a reduced probability of reaching the alveoli.Effects on smaller particles which form the bulk of the dust in miners' lungs (mostly 1 ,um diameter) are unknown.These specula- tive ideas are being kept under review and may help to explain future findings, but they cannot be used as serious evidence at present.Neither the medical service of the National Coal Board nor the Institute of Occupational Medicine is responsible for the administra- tion and operation of the compensation machinery.These are managed by the De- partment of Health and Social Security.Our function is to engage in research on diseases of coalminers and to publish the facts.This we have done and will continue to do.-We are, etc.,
Biological monitoring of exposure to 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline by determination of a urinary metabolite and a hemoglobin adduct.
Authors: P J Boogaard, G D Beulink, N J van Sittert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

In two studies, involving 75 and 72 workers, potential exposure to 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline (CFA) was biologically monitored by determination of its main urinary metabolite 2-amino-4-chloro-5-fluorophenol sulfate (CFA-S). As this method only allows the detection of recent exposure, analysis of CFA adducts bound to hemoglobin (Hb) was investigated as a method that allows biological monitoring of exposure to CFA over longer periods. The median CFA-S concentration in 67 samples from the first study was 0.14 mumole/g creatinine (range < 0.05-2.82) and in 201 samples from the second study 0.21 mumole/g creatinine (range < 0.05-6.05). In addition, urine samples, collected after shifts with supposed incidental exposure, slightly higher concentrations were measured: 0.27 mumole/g creatinine (range < 0.05-122; 18 samples) and 0.76 mumole/g creatinine (range < 0.05-18.5; 46 samples), respectively. The median Hb adduct concentration in 75 samples from the first study was 9 pmoles CFA/g Hb (range < 5-640) and in 46 samples from the second study 12 pmoles/g Hb (range 3-24). In 24 blood samples collected after incidents, a median concentration of 13 pmoles CFA/g Hb (range < 5-52) was found. Urinary CFA-S and Hb adducts correlated well in samples collected shortly after incidental exposures. However, in 25% of the operators, no CFA-S was detected during routine biological monitoring while Hb adduct analysis showed clear evidence of exposure. This indicates that because of the stability of Hb adducts of CFA in blood, intermittent exposure to CFA is more reliably biologically monitored by determination of Hb adducts of CFA than by assessment of urinary CFA-S.
P2-288: Retrospective comparison of adenosine triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay (ATP-CRA)-guided chemotherapy versus empirical chemotherapy in unresectable nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Yong Wha Moon, Yong Tai Kim, Jae Heon Jeong, Joo Hyuk Sohn, Joon Chang, Se Kyu Kim, Moo Suk Park, Kyung Young Chung, Sung Ho Choi, Joo Hang Kim
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
478. A HIV-1 Based Cross-Packaging System for FIV Vectors
Authors: Adam S. Cockrell, Hong Ma, Thomas McCown, Kim D. Kluckman, Randy J. Thresher, Tal Kafri
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
FIV lentiviral vectors are surfacing as a common tool for stable transgene delivery in vitro and in vivo. Genetic structural and enzymatic elements inherent to FIV vectors were derived from a parental strain of FIV, which has presumably adapted to be most efficient in the feline host. Despite the successful employment of these vectors for stable transgene delivery in small animal models utilization of FIV vectors in large preclinical animal models such as non-human primates, and eventually clinical studies in humans, remains dubious. Anticipating a need for a safe FIV vector that may overcome species-specific impediments our lab has developed a novel HIV-1 based cross-packaging system that supports packaging, integration and stable expression of FIV vectors. Pertinent to the generation of the cross-packaging system was the incorporation of a small HIV-1 genetic fragment, comprising the RRE, into a FIV vector. Consequently, stable GFP expression was achieved in 293T cells after several cell passages. FIV vectors lacking the HIV-1 RRE were not efficiently cross-packaged with the HIV-1 packaging system as observed by decreased levels of GFP expression and fewer transduced 293T cells. The HIV-1 cross-packaged FIV vectors yielded titers equivalent to those obtained when packaged with a FIV packaging system (>106 IU/mL) on 293T cells. Furthermore, the cross-packaged FIV vectors exhibited transduction efficiencies comparable to standard HIV-1 vectors on primary human epithelial mammary cells. Employing the HIV-1 cross-packaged FIV vectors for testing in preclinical animal models will require reproducible large-scale vector production. To this end we developed a tetracycline-dependent packaging cell line containing the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) envelope and the HIV-1 packaging cassette to cross-package a stably incorporated conditional self-inactivating (cSIN) FIV vector. The cSIN FIV vector was created by introducing the tetracycline-inducible promoter into the U3 region of the 3' LTR. The stable packaging cell line is currently undergoing characterization. Through ongoing in vitro and in vivo studies we are exploring the potential attributes of cross-packaged FIV vectors.
Iododerma after high dose urography in an oliguric patient
Authors: G. HEYDENREICH, P. OLHOLM LARSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Iododerma after high dose urography in an oliguric patient Get access G. HEYDENREICH, G. HEYDENREICH Department of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark Dr G.Heydenreich, Department of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital, DK‐5000, Odense, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. OLHOLM LARSEN P. OLHOLM LARSEN Department of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue 5, 1 May 1977, Pages 567–569, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14137.x Published: 01 May 1977
The Attenuation Effect in Brain SPECT
Authors: J J ZHANG, C H PARK, S M KIM, C INTENZO, P REYES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

False perfusion defects simulating Alzheimer's disease can be attributed to skull thickness and head holders of a SPECT scan table. Brain phantom SPECT was performed using a different type of head holder in order to evaluate the effect of attenuation due to head holders and skull thickness on brain SPECT. Skull thickness was measured in 10 normal or non-Alzheimer's patients and 10 patients with suspected Alzheimer's disease. Visual and quantitative analysis of regional perfusion showed a 19% count loss due to attenuation by commercially available head holders and average skull thickness, less than 18% count difference between frontal-temporal and parietal-occipital skull in non-Alzheimer's disease patients, and more than 22% count difference observed in suspected Alzheimer's patients.
A Proof-of-Principle Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Trial in Resectable Aerodigestive Tract Cancer: Intratumoral Drug Levels and Biomarker Responses
Authors: K. Dragnev, J.H. Beumer, B. Anyang, T. Ma, F. Galimberti, C.P. Erkmen, W. Nugent, J. Rigas, K. Abraham, D. Johnstone, V. Memoli, E. Dmitrovsky
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Topical nitrates potentiate the effect of botulinum toxin in the treatment of patients with refractory anal fissure
Authors: J Lysy
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Anal fissure is perpetuated by high sphincter pressures and secondary local ischaemia. Pharmacological approaches include topical nitrates and botulinum toxin (BT) which act to reduce anal pressure. BT lowers anal pressure by preventing acetylcholine release from nerve terminals while topical nitrates act by donating nitric oxide (NO). The aims of the present study were to compare the therapeutic effect and lowering action on internal anal sphincter pressure of BT injection and local application of isosorbide dinitrate (ID) compared with BT given alone, in patients with chronic anal fissure (CAF) refractory to treatment with ID. <h3>METHODS</h3> Thirty consecutive patients with CAF who did not respond to previous topical ID treatments were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: group A, injection of BT (20 U into the internal anal sphincter) and subsequent daily applications of ID (2.5 mg three times daily for three months); and group B, BT injection only (20 U). If at the end of six weeks following BT injection no improvement was seen in group B, ID was added. A series of anal pressure measurements, including resting basal pressure and resting pressure following topical ID (1.25, 2.5, and 3.75 mg), was carried out both before and two weeks after 20 U of BT injection into the internal anal sphincter. At the end of the trial, patients were followed up for an average period of 10 months. <h3>FINDINGS</h3> At six weeks the fissure healing rate was significantly higher in group A patients (10/15 (66%)) compared with group B (3/15 (20%)) (p=0.025). At eight and 12 weeks, no significant differences were seen: 11/15 (73%)<i>v</i> 11/15 (73%) and 9/15 (60%)<i>v</i> 10/15 (66%), group A<i>v</i> group B, respectively. Maximum anal resting pressure (MARP) was significantly lower two weeks after BT injection than baseline MARP (90 (4) <i>v</i> 110 (5) mm Hg; p&lt;0.001). A significantly greater reduction in MARP following local application of ID was achieved after BT injection compared with that achieved before BT injection (p=0.037) <h3>INTERPRETATION</h3> (1) Combined BT injection and local application of ID in patients with CAF who failed previous treatment with ID was more effective than BT alone. This treatment modality appears to be safe and promising. (2) ID application induced a greater reduction in MARP following BT injection compared with ID application before BT injection. The improved potency of ID on MARP after BT injection suggests a primary cholinergic tonus dominance in some patients and not, as previously claimed, anal sphincter insensitivity to nitrates.
1262 HEMATOPOIETIC CASPASE-1 DEFICIENCY REDUCES HEPATIC INFLAMMATION AND CHOLESTEROL CRYSTALLIZATION IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC MICE
Authors: T. Hendrikx, V. Bieghs, S.M. Walenbergh, P.J. van Gorp, F. Verheyen, M.L. Jeurissen, S.S. Rensen, S.W. Olde Damink, W.A. Buurman, J.W. Greve, R. Stienstra, M.G. Netea, M.H. Hofker, R. Shiri-Sverdlov
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abstract 4217: The anti-malarial compound artesunate induces reactive oxygen species-dependent killing of breast cancer cells
Authors: Anna L. Greenshields, David W. Hoskin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Artesunate is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, a natural compound from the herb Artemisia annua L. Artemisinin has been used in traditional Chinese medicine while artesunate has recently been used as an anti-malarial drug. Artesunate is also cytotoxic to human cancer cells. Since the use of artesunate as an anti-malarial agent is associated with few adverse effects, artesunate may represent a less toxic alternative to conventional chemotherapy. This study investigates the cytotoxic effect of artesunate on breast cancer cell lines and the mechanism(s) underlying its activity. Methods and Results: Artesunate exhibited a time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on all breast carcinoma cell lines examined (MCF-7, T47D, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468). Further examination of MDA-MB-468 cells using Oregon Green-488 and Annexin-V-FLUOS/propidium iodide staining indicated that artesunate had an anti-proliferative effect that was associated with apoptosis induction. Cell cycle arrest occurred in the G2 phase, and was evident as early as 24h after artesunate treatment. Artesunate-induced apoptosis was low in normal fibroblasts at concentrations cytotoxic to breast cancer cells, although fibroblast proliferation was inhibited. DiOC6 staining revealed dose-dependent destabilization of the mitochondrial membrane in artesunate-treated MDA-MB-468 cells. Artesunate-treated MDA-MB-468 cells also displayed cytosolic cytochrome c and PARP cleavage, as demonstrated by Western blotting, which was consistent with apoptosis induction. Pretreatment with reduced glutathione rescued MDA-MB-468 cells from artesunate-induced apoptosis, indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate artesunate-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, MDA-MB-468 cells that were pretreated with holotransferrin showed increased killing by artesunate, suggesting that iron promotes artesunate-mediated apoptosis. Induction of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in artesunate-treated cells was demonstrated by Western blotting, suggesting involvement of this apoptosis-inducing pathway in artesunate-mediated cytotoxicity. Conclusions: These data show that artesunate causes reactive oxygen species-dependent induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells and therefore warrants further investigation as a possible treatment for breast cancer. Supported by NSERC and the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation-Atlantic Region Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4217. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4217
THE MANAGEMENT OF THE OMENTUM IN ABDOMINAL OPERATIONS.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: ANDREW F. CURRIER
Journal: JAMA (1891)

It is hoped that it will not be considered impertinent to offer a few suggestions upon this subject, apparently so simple, before a body composed so largely of abdominal surgeons, or surgeons who are familiar with abdominal operations, as is this section. The fact has been impressed upon my mind not only by my own experience, but by observation of the work of others, and a search of a considerable portion of the literature of abdominal surgery,that the subject in question has not received the attention which it deserves, and that it is by no means a matter of insignificance. This statement will be the more readily accepted if one remembers that the essential portion of the omentum (the greater omentum alone is referred to in this paper) consists of peritoneum, and that its function, by virtue of the abundance of fat which forms one of its constituent elements,
PLAQUE AND NEOINTIMAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE BIFURCATION LESIONS OF NATIVE CORONARY ARTERY AND IN-STENT NEOINTIMAL PROLIFERATION: VOLUMETRIC INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND ANALYSIS OF BOTH BRANCHES
Authors: Jianqiang Xu, Young Bin Song, Joo Yong Hahn, Jin-Ho Choi, Seung Hyuk Choi, Sang Hoon Lee, Kyung Pyo Hong, Jung Euy Park, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Limited value of plasma cytokeratin-18 as a biomarker for NASH and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kenneth Cusi, Zhi Chang, Steve Harrison, Romina Lomonaco, Fernando Bril, Beverly Orsak, Carolina Ortiz-Lopez, Joan Hecht, Ariel E. Feldstein, Amy Webb, Christopher Louden, Martin Goros, Fermin Tio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)