tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of colorectal cancer: The role of primary care
Authors: F D R. Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Every general practitioner in the United Kingdom will on average see one new case of colorectal cancer each year. For most primary care doctors the most important contributions they make to the care of patients with colorectal cancer relate to early diagnosis of the condition (including the point of referral) and to palliation of symptoms in those with established disease. Further roles in the future primary care service are screening for colorectal cancer (possibly using faecal occult blood testing) and a greater involvement in monitoring patients after curative procedures.

#### Guidelines for urgent referral of patients with suspected colorectal cancer based on symptoms presented*

These combinations of symptoms and signs, when occurring for the first time, should be used to identify patients for urgent referral (that is, within two weeks) . Patients need not have all symptoms 

##### All ages

##### Age over 60 years (maximum age threshold could be 55 or 50)

* Adapted from the NHS Executive's Referral Guidelines for Suspected Cancer (London: Department of Health, 2000)

As colorectal cancer is the sixth most common cause of mortality in the United Kingdom, a general practitioner will on average care for a patient dying from colorectal cancer every 18 months 

Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer is essential in view of the stage related prognosis. Three potential levels of delay occur in the diagnosis of the disease: delay by the patient in presenting to the general practitioner; delay in referral by the general practitioner to a specialist; and …
Five-year follow-up of subjects diagnosed with COPD in a South African burden of obstructive lung disease (BOLD) survey
Authors: Brian Allwood, Rencia Gillespie, Mary Bateman, Helena Olckers, Luis Taborda-Barata, Greg Calligaro, Richard Van Zyl-Smit, Nulda Beyers, Eric Bateman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

BACKGROUND:   A community-based prevalence survey performed in Cape Town in 2005, using the BOLD methodology reported a prevalence of COPD of 24% among adults aged >40 years.   AIMS :  To study the vital status and lung function in COPD subjects 5 years after their initial diagnosis in the BOLD survey.   METHODS:   Subjects identified with COPD in 2005 were invited to participate, and have spirometry repeated in 2010 using the same spirometers as in 2005.   RESULTS:   Forty-five (23%) of 196 eligible subjects had died since the 2005 survey: 8 of respiratory causes, 10 of cardiovascular and 6 of other known causes and in 21 the cause of death was not known. Only age and GOLD stage 4 disease (in 2005) were significantly associated with death on multivariate analysis. Of the survivors 11 (6%) had moved away; 33 (17%) declined or had medical exclusions (e.g. dementia); and 106 (54%) were included (median age 63y; 46% males).  Post-bronchodilator spirometry did not confirm airflow limitation (AFL) defined as FEV1:FVC ratio    CONCLUSIONS:    Five-year follow-up of a BOLD COPD cohort revealed disease progression and high mortality. The BOLD definition and/or methodology was associated with overdiagnosis of COPD.
THE INFLUENCE OF PENICILLIN THERAPY ON THE EMERGENCE OF KLEBSIELLAE IN SPUTUM
Authors: G M EISENBERG, W WEISS, H F FLIPPIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1958)

Excerpt As a result of a recommendation to assign the bacteria formerly designatedKlebsiella pneumoniaeandAerobacter aerogenesto a single taxonomic group to be known as Klebsiella, and to distingui...
1099. Beyond LoxP: Defining Functional Lox-Like Sequences for the Cre Recombinase
Authors: Jamie E. Sheren, Elizabeth Ketner, Jarred Keith, Stephen J. Langer, Leslie A. Leinwand
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The Cre/lox site-specific recombination system has become a useful tool in a variety of genetic engineering processes. Cre/lox has been used to carry out sequence-specific genomic deletions, insertions, recombinase mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) and to facilitate the building of large, complex DNA constructs. The system essentially consists of the Cre recombinase from bacteriophage P1 and its recombination target site, the 34 base pair loxP sequence. It has been shown that Cre can act on sites who's sequence varies considerably form that of loxP. Use of this characteristic to target endogenous genomic lox-like sequences for site-specific integrations has been explored with limited success. In order to better target endogenous lox-like sites, we are attempting to define the nucleotide sequences that the recombinase can act on. We have created a series of partially randomized lox libraries and tested their recombination proficiency both in vivo and in vitro. The first library consists of sites with loxP arms separated by a randomized 8 base pair spacer. Individual sites from this library were tested for recombination against themselves in an E. coli resistance marker deletion assay and in an in vitro resistance marker deletion assay using purified maltose binding protein tagged Cre. The second library is made up of lox sites with one 13 base pair randomized arm and one wild-type loxP arm and spacer. By pairing the library sites in tandem with a fully wild-type loxP site, functionality was measured in a |[beta]|-galactosidase gain of function assay in E. coli. Using a completely randomized approach to the study of loxP functional domains (arms and spacer) will help define knowledge of the sequence requirements for functional sites and expand the library of useful lox-like sequences.
LOW CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SUGAR IN MENINGEAL CARCINOMATOSIS
Authors: J R BAYNE, P W DARBY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1956)

Case Reports1 August 1956LOW CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SUGAR IN MENINGEAL CARCINOMATOSISJ. R. D. BAYNE, M.D., P. W. DARBY, M.B., B.S.J. R. D. BAYNE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, P. W. DARBY, M.B., B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-45-2-285 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe value of the sugar content of the cerebrospinal fluid in cases of meningeal involvement by metastatic carcinoma is not widely appreciated. Metastatic involvement of the central nervous system is not uncommon, occurring in 2 to 6% of most reported series of cancer. Lesse and Netsky,1however, found central nervous system involvement in 35% of a series of cases in which the brain was examined. Many of these cases were asymptomatic, particularly where metastasis was limited to the dura, but in 10% central nervous system signs were the first to appear. Headache and signs of meningeal irritation were surprisingly uncommon;...Bibliography1. LesseNetsky SMG: Metastasis of neoplasms to the central nervous system and meninges, Arch. Neurol. and Psychiat. 72: 133, 1954. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. GlobusMeltzer JHT: Metastatic tumors of the brain, Arch. Neurol. and Psychiat. 48: 163, 1942. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. MerrittFremont-Smith HHF: The cerebrospinal fluid, 1937, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Google Scholar4. DodgeSayreSvien HWGPHJ: Sugar content of the cerebrospinal fluid in diffuse neoplastic involvement of the meninges, Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 27: 259, 1952. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. Murphy EF: Cerebrospinal fluid in carcinomatosis of the meninges, Lancet 1: 231, 1955. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication May 6, 1955.Requests for reprints should be addressed to P. W. Darby, M.D., Central Histological Laboratory, Whittington Hospital, Archway Wing, Archway Road, London, N. 19, England. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCarcinomatous Meningitis, with Special Reference to Low Chloride Concentration in the Cerebrospinal FluidRelationship between cell type, glucose concentration, and response to treatment in neoplastic effusionsOcular Signs in Diffuse Carcinomatous Meningitis* 1 August 1956Volume 45, Issue 2Page: 285-288KeywordsCarcinomatosisCentral nervous systemCerebrospinal fluidDiarrheaHeadachesMeningesMeningitisPathologistsProteinsTuberculosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1956 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 386: Epigenome-wide association study to predict breast cancer risk in European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
Authors: Srikant Ambatipudi, Veronique Chajes, Florence Le Calvez-Kelm, Cyrille Cuenin, Geoffroy Durand, Isabelle Romieu, Zdenko Herceg
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Aberrant DNA methylation (DNAm) in blood has been used as an epigenetic marker of cancer risk although, the significance of DNAm changes in surrogate tissues as a marker of predicting breast cancer risk remains elusive. This may be potentially accounted by the fact that there are very few study cohorts to understand the significance of DNA methyation prospectively. We examined the potential of DNAm in peripheral blood as a marker of breast cancer risk in a nested case-control cohort of European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. The study cohort involved 451 female incident breast cancer cases and matched controls (matched for center, age, date of blood collection and menopausal status). Majority of breast cancer cases were localized (47%) and receptor positive (83.1%) while a smaller proportion of samples were metastatic (14%) and 20% of the cases were triple negative. Methylation levels were measured across 485,777 CpG sites using the Illumina HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip array. The cross-reactive probes and polymorphic CpGs were filtered during the analysis. Methylation values for all the probes thus obtained were compared between cases and matched controls using logistic regression model with adjustments for potential confounders. We found differential methylation across 185 probes (P&amp;lt;0.0005) and we believe that these probes may serve as potentially useful surrogate markers for identification of individuals with a high risk of breast cancer development. We are currently verifying and validating these findings in our study cohort and the findings will be discussed at the meeting. Citation Format: Srikant Ambatipudi, Veronique Chajes, Florence Le Calvez-Kelm, Cyrille Cuenin, Geoffroy Durand, Isabelle Romieu, Zdenko Herceg. Epigenome-wide association study to predict breast cancer risk in European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 386. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-386
Abstract 11885: Differential Contributions of Abdominal Visceral Fat and Epicardial Fat to Coronary Atherosclerosis in Non-Obese Japanese Patients
Authors: Ken Harada, Takashi Kataoka, Masahiro Takeshita, Kazuhiro Harada, Ayako Kunimura, Satoshi Okumura, Norihiro Shinoda, Bunichi Kato, Tadayuki Uetani, Masataka Kato, Nobuyuki Marui, Hideki Ishii, Tatsuaki Matsubara, Tetsuya Amano, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Epicardial fat is a source of adipocytokines that have both paracrine and systemic effects and is implicated in coronary atherosclerosis. The relation between epicardial fat volume (EFV) and circulating adipocytokine levels has remained unknown, however. Objectives: We assessed the relation between EFV and both plasma adipocytokine concentrations and coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Methods: Consecutive Japanese patients suspected of having coronary artery disease (n = 216) were examined. Individuals with acute coronary syndrome or with inadequate CT imaging were excluded. A total of 164 patients (65 ± 10 years; 70% men; BMI, 23.8 ± 3.6 kg/m2) was enrolled. Plasma levels of adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured. The characteristics of coronary plaque, abdominal visceral fat area, and EFV were determined by 64-slice CT. Results: EFV was greater in subjects with noncalcified plaque than in those with no plaque or with calcified plaque (126 ± 39 vs. 98 ± 34 and 97 ± 45 mL, respectively; P = 0.010). EFV was significantly correlated with BMI, plasma triglyceride concentration, and the triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio (r = 0.51, 0.19, and 0.20, respectively) but not with plasma adipocytokine levels, whereas plasma adiponectin and IL-6 levels were significantly correlated (r = -0.49 and 0.20, respectively) with visceral fat area, in patients with coronary plaque. Conclusions: Patients with noncalcified plaque had increased EFV but their plasma adipocytokine levels had not increased. Adipocytokines in plasma may be derived mainly from abdominal visceral fat, whereas epicardial fat may promote coronary atherosclerosis directly through a paracrine mechanism rather than by systemic effects. In conclusion, abdominal visceral fat and epicardial fat may thus contribute to coronary atherosclerosis by distinct mechanisms in nonobese individuals.
Abstract 17739: Time relationship of Cerebral Vascular Accidents and Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Non-compaction
Authors: Luai K Tabaza, Steven Mickelsen, Samih Khauli
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Isolated left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) in adults is an increasingly recognized cardiomyopathy. It is associated with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), ventricular arrhythmias (VT), systolic dysfunction, and sudden cardiac death. We set out to better understand the time relationships of CVA and echocardiographic diagnosis in our adult LVNC population. Methods: We reviewed unique subject-adult echo reports performed at UIHC between January 2009 and March 2014 (n=20,597; mean follow up after echo was 27 months+/ -16 months); we identified subjects with echocardiographic diagnosis of LVNC. Retrospective chart review was then performed to evaluate clinical variables encompasses an average of 33+/-36 months [up to 23.7years]. Results: Hypertrabiculation of the LV was observed in 1.67% of all echo studies (n=354); of those 184 individuals met echo criteria for LVNC (0.89%), males represented 63% with mean age of 57+/-16 years. Majority with LVEF&lt;35% (n=105, 57%) averaging 37+/-7% (n=184). Annual mortality was high (7.8%) with 34 subjects (18.4%) dying over the course of follow-up. Approximately one third of patients (n=57, 31%) experienced at least one CVA over the duration of study. First CVA preceded echo diagnosis by an average of 35+/-62 months in the majority of cases (n=20); in a substantial minority CVA was closely associated with echo diagnosis 4.8+/-6 days (n=8). In 4 subjects CVA occurred 17+/-7 months after echo diagnosis. Oral Anticoagulants (OAC) were prescribed in 27% of all subjects and more often in those with CVA events (36%). LVEF was statistically significantly lower in subjects with CVA (p=0.03) and LVEF&lt;35% was more often associated with prescription of OAC (36% vs 17%). In the group with LVEF&gt;35 (61+/-6%) CVA occurred in 12% (n=10) and of those OAC was prescribed in 40% (n=4/10). Conclusions: Patients with LVNC have a high incidence of CVA that often precedes echocardiographic diagnosis by years. OAC appear to be underutilized in patients with CVA and LVNC. Low EF appears to be associated with more events, however, CVA was also observed in a substantial number of subjects with relatively preserved LVEF. Future studies are needed to understand the value of primary thromboembolic prevention in this high-risk group.
Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme-A Reductase Inhibitors Delay the Progression of Rheumatic Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Francesco Antonini-Canterin, Elisa Leiballi, Roxana Enache, Bogdan A. Popescu, Monica Roşca, Eugenio Cervesato, Rita Piazza, Carmen Ginghină, Gian Luigi Nicolosi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Artificial Sunlight Combining Radiation for Health with Light for Vision.
Authors: Matthew Luckiesh
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P180: Intake of soy protein and isoflavones with risk of cardiovascular mortality: the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: An Pan, Mohammad Talaei, Rob M van Dam, Jian-Min Yuan, Woon-Puay Koh
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: These is a long-standing interest in the plausible cardiovascular benefits of soy protein and isoflavones, given the effects on several cardio-metabolic pathways (e.g., lipid profile, blood pressure, endothelial function, vascular reactivity, inflammation, insulin resistance) from pre-clinical studies and short-term intervention trials. However, the long-term prospective association between habitual soy food intake and cardiovascular mortality remains unclear. Thus, we evaluated the relation of soy protein and isoflavones intake with risk of cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged and elderly Chinese residing in Singapore. Methods: The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a population-based cohort that recruited 63,257 Chinese adults aged 45-74 years from 1993 to 1998. Usual diet was measured at recruitment using a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and mortality information was identified via registry linkage to December 31, 2011. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: The median intake was 5.17 g/d for soy protein, 15.83 mg/d for soy isoflavones and 88.06 g/d for units of plain tofu-equivalent. We documented 4,780 total cardiovascular deaths during 890,473 person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for socio-demographic, lifestyle and other dietary factors, soy protein intake was not significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality: the HR (95% confidence interval) was 1.00 (reference), 1.02 (0.94-1.11), 1.02 (0.93-1.11), and 1.06 (0.97-1.17) for increasing quartiles of soy protein (P-trend=0.24). Null associations were also found for intakes of soy isoflavones (P-trend=0.83) and total tofu-equivalent (P-trend=0.79), as well as with deaths from CHD (n=2,697; P-trend=0.58) or stroke (n=1,298; P-trend=0.96). A statistically significant interaction with gender (P-interaction=0.04) was found for the relation between soy protein and cardiovascular mortality: the HRs (95% confidence intervals) across quartiles were 1.00 (reference), 1.00 (0.87-1.12), 1.05 (0.93-1.17), and 1.16 (1.03-1.31) in men (P-trend=0.02), and 1.00 (reference), 1.01 (0.88-1.16), 0.96 (0.84-1.11), and 0.95 (0.81-1.10) in women (P-trend=0.31). Conclusions: In this large cohort study of Chinese men and women, intake of soy foods (soy protein, isoflavones, tofu products) was not significantly associated with risk of cardiovascular mortality. However, a moderately increased risk in men cannot be excluded and requires further investigation. Overall, our results do not provide evidence for the recommendation of increasing soy food intake alone as a cardiovascular disease prevention strategy.
SPECIAL MEDICAL SERVICE IN THE DEFENSE PROGRAM
Authors: Charles S. Stephenson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1941)

Article1 July 1941SPECIAL MEDICAL SERVICE IN THE DEFENSE PROGRAMCHARLES S. STEPHENSONCHARLES S. STEPHENSONSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-15-1-1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe effects of war or preparation for defense have always posed special service problems for medical men, for wherever the armies of the many warring Nations have fought there also the soldier-surgeon-physician, men of genius like Ambrose Paré, Dominique Larry, Sir John Pringle, Sir Ronald Ross, Major Walter Reed, and countless others, have carried their skills to the battlefields in an effort to prevent illness and to mitigate the suffering of the wounded.The whole map of this World War is being so speedily reshaped by the ebb and flow of British naval might and German military power that it...Bibliography1. COUNCELL CE: Pub. Health Rep., 1941, lvi, 572. Google Scholar2. ZINSSER H: On the medical control of mobilization, The Mil. Surgeon, 1940, lxxxvii, 214. Google Scholar3. Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1940. Google Scholar4. The Gallup Poll, Washington Post, April 12, 1941, p. 9, and April 13, 1941, Section 11B, p. 1. Google Scholar5. SAWYER WA: International Health Division, Rockefeller Foundation; personal communication. Google Scholar6. PEREZ JA (MC), U. S. Navy; personal communication. Google Scholar7. NORMAN IL (MC), U. S. Navy; personal communication. Google Scholar8. New York Times, January 8, 1941, p. 3. Google Scholar9. LARKEY SV: War medicine, 1940, i, 77. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: (MC) U. S. Navy †*Read at the Boston meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 24, 1941.†In Charge, Division of Preventive Medicine, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1941Volume 15, Issue 1Page: 1-17KeywordsArmed forcesGratitudeMedical servicesPharmacistsPreventive medicineSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1941 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright, 1941, by The American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...