tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Diazepam in Hallucinogenic Drug Crises
Authors: Lionel P. Solursh
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The increasing spread of hallucinogenic-drug compounds with atropine-like action presents problems for physicians in North American urban areas. Dangers of using phenothiazines in treatment programs are no longer restricted to 5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-amphetamine (STP), but also to more routinely used illegal compounds. The doctor must assume that such drugs may be combined with a chemical having atropine-like action. Diazepam was used in the treatment of hallucinogenic-drug crises in 69 patients; 67 responded well. Diazepam seems to be suitable in supportive chemotherapy of "illusinogenic" drug crises.
A Major Milestone for the National Children’s Study
Authors: Peter Scheidt, Michael Dellarco, Allen Dearry
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

In January 2009, after 8 years of planning and development, the National Children's Study (NCS; http://www.nationalchildrensstudy. gov/Pages/default.aspx) will begin enrollment and data collection at the first of the initial, or Vanguard, locations, in Duplin County, North Carolina, and in Queens, New York.In spring 2009, the remaining five Vanguard locations will join them, followed by 29 additional locations in 2010 and more in the following 2 years.The NCS, a national longitudinal cohort study of 100,000 children to be followed from early pregnancy to adulthood, will examine how environmental exposures, interacting with genetic factors and medical access, affect children's health and development.Beginning enrollment caps a remarkable journey from a bold vision to a reality that was sometimes unpredictable and cloaked in uncertainty.
Failure of superoxide dismutase and catalase to alter size of infarction in conscious dogs after 3 hours of occlusion followed by reperfusion.
Authors: K P Gallagher, A J Buda, D Pace, R A Gerren, M Shlafer
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), enzymes that degrade superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, reduce size of infarction in anesthetized, open-chest dogs subjected to coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion. To evaluate potential protective effects of these enzymes in conscious animals, three groups of dogs were instrumented at sterile surgery with a hydraulic occluder on the left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery, sonomicrometers to measure regional wall thickness, and catheters to monitor arterial and left ventricular pressures. Ten to 14 days after surgery, the animals were sedated with morphine sulfate (0.5 mg/kg). The LCX artery was occluded for 3 hr by inflation of the hydraulic cuff. Infusions of SOD (n = 7), CAT (n = 6), or saline (control group, n = 7) were begun 15 min before reperfusion and lasted for 45 min of reperfusion. The doses of SOD and CAT were 5 mg/kg, dissolved in 60 ml of saline, and infused at a rate of 1 ml/min. Myocardial blood flow was measured with tracer-labeled microspheres (15 micron diameter) before occlusion, after 5 to 10 min of occlusion, after 150 min of occlusion, and 5 to 10 min after reperfusion. Size of infarction was measured 24 hr later by dual-perfusion staining with Evans blue and triphenyl tetrazolium. Size of infarction (expressed as a percentage of area at risk) did not differ significantly among the three groups: control, 32 +/- 17% (mean +/- SD); SOD, 38 +/- 17%; CAT, 27 +/- 17%. Hemodynamic parameters and myocardial blood flows (measured before infusion of any agents) were not significantly different among the three groups. Serum SOD levels in SOD-treated dogs were 19 +/- 2 micrograms/ml at the onset of reperfusion and 29 +/- 3 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion. Blood assays collected after infusion showed a monoexponential decay of SOD levels with a half-life of 22 +/- 6 min. We conclude that myocardial protection by SOD or CAT is model dependent. In conscious dogs subjected to 3 hr of coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion, SOD and CAT failed to alter size of infarction.
Nonnegligent failure to take x-ray films
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 855: Flavokawain A inhibits urinary bladder cancer in UPII-mutant Ha-ras transgenic mouse bladder cancer model
Authors: Zhongbo Liu, Xuesen Li, Shuman Liu, Xia Xu, Zheng Sun, Anne Simoneau, Xiaolin Zi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Flavokawain A is the predominant chalcone identified from kava extract. We have recently shown that flavokawain A exhibited strong growth inhibitory effects on human bladder cancer cells both in vitro in cell cultures and in vivo in a xenograft mouse model. To examine whether flavokawain A affects specific-stages or course of bladder cancer development, the UPII-mutant Ha-ras transgenic mouse bladder model that mimics human papillary transitional cell carcinoma was used. The homozygous mutant Ha-ras transgenic mice were identified through genotyping using Southern blotting analysis and fed orally with 1g flavokawain A/kg food or 6 g flavokawain A /kg food for 3 or 6 months starting at 6 weeks of age. After treatments, organs are collected and weighted. H&amp;E staining and immunohistochemstry were used to evaluate bladder cancer pathology and expression of biomarkers. All control food- fed male mice died of ureter obstruction and nephrohydrosis within 6 months of treatment, while more than 50% of mice fed with 6g flavokawain A /kg food for 6 months survived beyond the 6 months of treatment. The mean bladder weight in 6g flavokawain /kg food fed male mice also decreased by 66% compared to control treated mice for 3 months. Mouse pathology analysis showed that control mice exhibited poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma, while that flavokawain A treated mice presented well differentiated tumors. Compared to the dose of 6g/kg, a 1g/kg dose of flavokawain A is less effective in inhibition of bladder cancer development in this transgenic model. In addition, immunohistochemistry staining of Skp2 revealed that Skp2 oncoprotein expression in urothelium was also significantly decreased in flavorkawain A treatment group compared to control group. Taken together, our results suggest the potential usefulness of flavokawain A in treatment of superficial urinary bladder cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 855. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-855
ABC of complementary medicine: Unconventional approaches to nutritional medicine
Authors: A. Vickers, C. Zollman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Although nutrition, as a science, has always been part of conventional medicine, doctors are not taught, and therefore do not practise, much in the way of nutritional therapeutics. Dieticians in conventional settings tend to work mainly with particular patient groups—such as those with diabetes, obesity, digestive or swallowing problems, or cardiovascular risk factors. Apart from the treatment of gross nutritional deficiencies and rare metabolic disorders, other nutritional interventions generally fall outside the mainstream and can therefore be described as complementary medicine.

There is a wide spectrum of complementary nutritional practices. These range from specific, well researched, biochemically understood treatments that are given by well trained practitioners to unresearched, biochemically implausible interventions popularised by spectacular claims in the lay press and largely used without professional supervision.

Just which treatments are “conventional” and which are “complementary” is subject to debate. Some, such as fish oil supplements for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, have many of the features of a conventional medical treatment—a biochemical mechanism and support from randomised trials— but are, none the less, often considered unconventional. Other interventions were originally considered “complementary” but are now part of conventional practice. Probably the best example is the high fibre diet, rich in fruit and vegetables. “Alternative” practitioners of the 19th century, such as John Kellogg, advocated such a diet at a time when conventional nutritional authorities tended to see meat and potatoes as the best food, even to the extent of denigrating the importance of vegetables and describing wheat bran as “refuse.”

Unconventional nutritional interventions can be …
Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale: Findings and Recommendations
Authors: John B. Martin, R.O. Pihl, Patricia Dobkin
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

Noting concerns for the measurement of alexithymia, the present study attempted (1) to provide descriptive data on the Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale (SSPS); (2) to replicate previous factor-analytic findings on the SSPS, and (3) to suggest an alternative to the present method of scoring the SSPS. A sample of 430 undergraduates completed the SSPS. It was found (1) that the distribution of scores on the SSPS was approximately normal; (2) that the factor structure of the SSPS is robust over samples, and (3) that factor analyses identified factors representing characteristics consistent with those described by alexithymia. A subsequent factor analysis was performed to identify questionnaire items most relevant to the measurement of alexithymia. Nine questions were identified and were used in a revised scoring system. The distribution of revised scores is also approximately normal. It is suggested that this revised system is a more sensitive indication of the presence of alexithymia.
AUTOPLASTIC OPERATIONS TO COVER STUMP SUBSEQUENT TO AMPUTATION OF LEG OR THIGH
Authors: C. E. PHILLIPS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Probably every surgeon who has done much accident work has occasionally sacrificed a useful leg stump, a knee or vital length of thigh—vital as far as function goes—because of insufficient tissue available for flaps, or has had to reamputate a leg or thigh to secure a proper covering for the bone, and, by the additional shortening, has seriously impaired the subsequent usefulness of the stump. By bearing in mind always the fact that in the opposite leg or thigh we have a surplus of tissue which may be borrowed in case of need to fill almost any deficiency, we shall be following a policy of conservation of human tissue which will minimize the disabilities arising from accident or disease affecting the lower extremities. For instance, in traumatic amputation in the upper third of the leg where, in order to perform a satisfactory amputation, the knee-joint must be sacrificed, we shall
Why Not Include Contact Tracing in HIV Prevention?
Authors: Clifford J. Harris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 September 1994Why Not Include Contact Tracing in HIV Prevention?Clifford J. Harris, MDClifford J. Harris, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-5-199409010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The authors of “A New Deal in HIV Prevention” [1] deserve our thanks. Our human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention tactics are not working.Since the beginning of the epidemic, I cannot remember a serious discussion in any U.S. journal, or at any meeting, of contact identification and mandatory testing for HIV. At the Prevention '93 meeting, some physicians at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention refused to discuss testing.The epidemic is now established in our heterosexual population. Sexual practices in the United States differ little from those in Africa, and we have at least 800 ...References1. Cohen MS, Dallabetta G, Laga M, Holmes KK. A new deal in HIV prevention: lessons from the global approach. (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:340-1. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1994Volume 121, Issue 5Page: 388-389KeywordsAIDSHIVHIV infectionsHIV preventionHeterosexuals Issue Published: 1 September 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Tracheobronchial Studies via Transcricothyroid Approach
Authors: Hector Chamorro
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Cytological studies have proven very helpful in the evaluation of conditions in patients with small and solitary bronchogenic carcinomas. The use of the transcricothyroid approach for combined examinations has proven satisfactory in a series of 600 patients, 200 of whom had brush biopsies with retrieval of enough tissue material to warrant cytological diagnosis. The use of the transcricothyroid approach for all studies has been less traumatic and accepted by patients more readily than the conventional transnasal and transoral routes.
Evaluation of a 3-Hour Indium-111 Leukocyte Image as a Surrogate for a Technetium-99m Nanocolloid Marrow Scan in the Diagnosis of Orthopedic Infection
Authors: Jane A. E. Dutton, Nicholas J. Bird, Stephen J. Skehan, A Michael Peters
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Objectives: This is a retrospective study to evaluate a 3-hour In-111-labeled leukocyte image as a surrogate for a Tc-99m nanocolloid marrow scan in the investigation of suspected orthopedic infection using In-111 leukocyte scintigraphy. Methods: Images from 51 patients who had received contemporaneous In-111-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy and Tc-99m nanocolloid marrow scintigraphy were reviewed. Initially, the 3-hour and 22-hour In-111-labeled leukocyte images were compared. Sites of abnormal uptake on the 22-hour image were correlated with the 3-hour image and were graded according to the level of concordance or discordance. One week later, the Tc-99m nanocolloid images and 22-hour In-111-labeled leukocyte images of the same patients were compared and graded for concordance or discordance. When discrepancies in grading arose between the observers, a consensus opinion was achieved after additional review of the images a week later. Results: On inspection of the 22-hour In-111 leukocyte images, 93 sites of focal, potentially abnormal leukocyte accumulation were identified. When the grading system was reduced to simply “concordant” or “discordant,” there was good agreement between the observers in the majority of cases, with κ statistics 0.77 for Tc-99m nanocolloid versus 22-hour In-111-labeled leukocyte images and 0.78 for 3-hour versus 22-hour In-111-labeled leukocyte images. Using the comparison of the Tc-99m nanocolloid marrow scan and the 22-hour In-111-labeled leukocyte images to identify concordance or discordance as the “gold standard” for scintigraphic evaluation of suspected orthopedic infection, comparison of the 3-hour In-111-labeled leukocyte images with the 3-hour In-111-labeled leukocyte images gave a sensitivity of 77%, a specificity of 77%, and an accuracy of 77%. Conclusions: A 3-hour image is helpful using In-111-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy.
Kinetically-based multiple drug treatment for advanced head and neck cancer.
Authors: L A Price, B T Hill, A H Calvert, H J Shaw, K B Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A multiple drug regimen was given to 36 patients with advanced carcinomas of the head and neck. In 19 of the 24 patients who were assessable the tumour regressed more than 50%; in one it regressed by 25%; and in four it did not respond at all. Multiple drug chemotherapy should be given much earlier in the course of these cancers, preferably as an adjuvant to surgery or radiotherapy.
Oscillations of attachment in borderline personality disorder
Authors: F T Melges, M S Swartz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

The authors propose that oscillations of attachment in borderline personality disorder stem from a central problem with regulation of interpersonal distance. This problem derives from borderline patients' conflicts between fears of abandonment and domination. When they move closer to others, they fear that they will be dominated; when they move away, they fear that they will be abandoned. Whichever direction they move, they experience negative feedback. This gives rise to recurrent oscillations between attachment to and detachment from others. Because the oscillations are reinforced by the ambivalent reactions of significant others and the involvement of third parties, family therapy is often indicated.
"Short-Circuiting" of the Small Intestine
Authors: Lena A. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1962)

SINCE LOW-FAT DIETS are often effective in reducing serum cholesterol concentration, the possibility was suggested that a decreased absorptive area in the small intestine might result in low fat absorption and decrease in serum cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations. Dr. Howard Payne, Los Angeles County Hospital, had found that short-circuiting the small intestine of excessively obese subjects resulted in weight reduction with ultimate stabilization of weight at normal levels in some cases. Our study was carried out on 2 extremely obese women. In one, the jejunum was divided 20 in. below the duodenum and anastomosed to the transverse colon. In the other, the jejunum, after division, was anastomosed to the cecum instead of the transverse colon. Studies before and for 2 to 3 years after surgery show that the serum cholesterol and β-lipoprotein concentrations were significantly decreased after operation. Body weight fell from 237 lb. (107.7 kg.) to 145 lb. (65.9
Concerted evolution within a trypsin gene cluster in Drosophila
Authors: S. Wang, C. Magoulas, D. Hickey
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

A cluster of four trypsin genes has previously been localized to cytological position 47D-F of the Drosophila melanogaster genome. One of these genes had been sequenced, and the presence of the other three genes was identified by cross-hybridization. Here, we present the DNA sequence of the entire genomic region encoding these four trypsin genes. In addition to the four previously inferred genes, we have identified a fifth trypsin-coding sequence located within this gene cluster. This new gene shows a high degree of sequence divergence (more than 30%) from the other four genes, although it retains all of the functional motifs that are characteristic of trypsin-coding sequences. In order to trace the molecular evolution of this gene cluster, we isolated and sequenced the homologous 7-kb region from the closely related species Drosophila erecta. A comparison of the DNA sequences between the two species provides strong evidence for the concerted evolution of some members of this gene family. Two genes within the cluster are evolving in concert, while a third gene appears to be evolving independently. The remaining two genes show an intermediate pattern of evolution. We propose a simple model, involving chromosome looping and gene conversion, to explain the relatively complex patterns of molecular evolution within this gene cluster.
Defective Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Authors: Enzo Nisoli, Emilio Clementi, Michele O. Carruba, Salvador Moncada
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

The metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors of metabolic origin that are accompanied by increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. These risk factors include atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure and plasma glucose, and a prothrombotic and proinflammatory state. The condition is progressive and is exacerbated by physical inactivity, advancing age, hormonal imbalance, and genetic predisposition. The metabolic syndrome is a particularly challenging clinical condition because its complex molecular basis is still largely undefined. Impaired cell metabolism has, however, been suggested as a relevant pathophysiological process underlying several clinical features of the syndrome. In particular, defective oxidative metabolism seems to be involved in visceral fat gain and in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. This suggests that mitochondrial function may be impaired in the metabolic syndrome and, thus, in the consequent cardiovascular disease. We have recently found that mitochondrial biogenesis and function are enhanced by nitric oxide in various cell types and tissues, including cardiac muscle. Increasing evidence suggests that this mediator acts as a metabolic sensor in cardiomyocytes. This implies that a defective production of nitric oxide might be linked to dysfunction of the cardiomyocyte metabolism. Here we summarize some recent findings and propose a hypothesis for the high cardiovascular risk linked to the metabolic syndrome.
ADDICTIVE ASPECTS IN HEAVY CIGARETTE SMOKING
Authors: PETER H. KNAPP, CHARLES MICHAEL BLISS, HARRIET WELLS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

1. Fifteen heavy smokers were observed in a state of sudden abstinence, and contrasted with a comparable group of 11 subjects allowed to smoke ad libitum. Cardiac slowing, presumably vagotonic, and a lowering of diastolic blood pressure was found in the experimental group. Other less clear-cut complaints of distress, such as "emptiness," and slow passage of time, seemed related to the state of abstinence. The cardiovascular findings were replicated in a group switched under controlled, singleblind conditions from high nicotine to low nicotine cigarettes. 2. Heavy cigarette smokers thus appear to be true addicts, showing not only social habituation but mild physiologic withdrawal effects. 3. It would appear that the opposite of vagotonic action, namely chronic sympathetic stimulation, is one result of heavy smoking. 4. With appropriate motivation very heavy smoking can be given up, though just as readily resumed. Concerns about the dangers of smoking, latent but readily mobilized in our population, are effectively masked by denial and related psychic defences. They must be unmasked to understand and treat heavy smoking, if treatment is desired. 5. Clinically, smoking appears to represent a complex learned psychosomatic pattern. Primary pleasure from the habit occurs but appears to become subordinate to secondary use of it to ward off pain, especially anxiety or a sense of loss. Various aspects or layers contribute to the urge: a) the symbolic and personal meaning of smoking to the smoker; b) the numerous sensations accompanying smoking–gustatory, pulmonary, tactile, visual and kinesthetic; c) the impulse to take in and eliminate, interwoven with but not identical with alimentary urges; d) the seeking in heavy smokers of a state of chronic low-grade arousal. 6. Our hypothesis is that the motor act of smoking contributes to the relaxing aspects of the habit, whereas, in compromise, sympathetic nervous arousal is mediated pharmacologically by nicotine.