tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Healthcare rationing---are additional criteria needed for assessing evidence based clinical practice guidelines?
Authors: O. F. Norheim
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a post-transcriptional mechanism that regulates gene expression. In human cancer, shortening of the 3ʹ-untranslated region (3ʹ-UTR) through APA is widespread affecting thousands of genes[1]. We previously identified that 3ʹ-UTR shortening (3ʹUS) disrupts the competing-endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network (3ʹUS-ceRNA effect) to promote breast cancer[2]. As different breast cancer subtypes are associated with different molecular mechanisms[3], we identified distinct 3ʹUS profiles of different breast cancer subtypes in this work, calling for the characterization of subtype-specific 3ʹUS-ceRNA effect in the ceRNA network. A quantitative challenge is that different sample sizes available for the different breast cancer subtypes can result in a systematic bias on size and topology of the constructed ceRNA networks. We addressed the bias by normalizing the networks in two-way, first between and second within the subtypes. Using the two-way network normalization, we built comparable ceRNA networks for estrogen receptor negative (ER-) and positive (ER+) subtype breast tumor samples of different size. Functional enrichment analyses associated subtype-specific 3ʹUS-ceRNA effect with ER-’s aggressive phenotype[4] and unique growth mechanism[5]. Especially, for ER-specific growth mechanism, subtype-specific 3ʹUS-ceRNA effect disrupts ceRNA crosstalk of housekeeping genes, which help maintain similar ceRNA network topology for ER- and ER+ normal samples. As ER-specific 3ʹUS-ceRNA effect is associated with ER-’s pathological features, aggressive phenotype and unique growth mechanism, our study provides new insights into the interactive mechanism of 3ʹUS and ceRNA for ER-specific cancer progression.
Urolithiasis in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Howard Sc, Kaplan Sd, Razzouk Bi, Rivera Gk, Sandlund Jt, Ribeiro Rc, Rubnitz Je, Gajjar Aj, Ke W, Hancock Ml, Skoch Jp, Roy S, Hudson M, Pui Ch
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Long-term outcome in patients who survive out of hospital ventricular fibrillation and undergo electrophysiologic studies: Evaluation by electrophysiologic subgroups
Authors: Jeanne E. Poole, Terri Lyn Mathisen, Peter J. Kudenchuk, John H. McAnulty, Charles D. Swerolow, Gust H. Bardy, H.Leon Greene
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
US citizens report slightly less sexual activity than in 2002
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Objective-This report presents national estimates of several measures of sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and sexual identity among males and females aged 15-44 years in the United States, based on the 2006-2008 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG).These data are relevant to demographic and public health concerns, including fertility and sexually transmitted infections among teenagers and adults.Data from the 2006-2008 NSFG are compared with data from the 2002 NSFG and other national surveys.Methods-Data for 2006-2008 were collected through in-person interviews with a national sample of 13,495 males and females in the household population of the United States.The measures presented in this report were collected using audio computer-assisted self interviewing (ACASI), in which the respondent enters his or her own answers into the computer without telling them to an interviewer.The overall response rate for the 2006-2008 NSFG was 75%.Results-Sexual behaviors among males and females aged 15-44 based on the 2006-2008 NSFG were generally similar to those reported based on the 2002 NSFG.Among adults aged 25-44, about 98% of women and 97% of men ever had vaginal intercourse, 89% of women and 90% of men ever had oral sex with an opposite-sex partner, and 36% of women and 44% of men ever had anal sex with an opposite-sex partner.Twice as many women aged 25-44 (12%) reported any same-sex contact in their lifetimes compared with men (5.8%).Among teenagers aged 15-19, 7% of females and 9% of males have had oral sex with an opposite-sex partner, but no vaginal intercourse.Sexual attraction and identity correlates closely but not completely with reports of sexual behavior.Sexual behaviors, attraction, and identity vary by age, marital or cohabiting status, education, and race and Hispanic origin.
Medical Management of Chronic Cancer Pain
Authors: David S. Shimm
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Management of the chronic pain of cancer is a common and difficult problem. In addition to a medical examination of the patient, it is necessary to perform a psychological assessment of his premorbid personality, current mental status, and coping mechanisms to devise an individualized approach to his pain. The mainstay of cancer pain control are the narcotics, which differ primarily in potency and duration of action. Nonnarcotic analgesics are equianalgesic with the less potent narcotics. Antipsychotic drugs are useful as tranquilizers, antiemetics, and analgesic potentiators. Antidepressants and hypnotics permit the patient a more normal life-style. Stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines both potentiate narcotic analgesia and reduce narcotic-induced somnolence and respiratory depression. Tetrahydrocannabinol offers no advantage over traditional analgesics. With care and patience, the physician can render practically any cancer patient pain-free. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2408-2412, 1979)
Abstract 2358: Dissecting the cellular response to cisplatin from RNA transcription to translation
Authors: Carlos Mackintosh, Sergiy Konovalov, Ivan Garcia-Bassets
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Platinum-based antineoplastic drugs, such as cisplatin, are DNA damaging agents typically utilized in cancer treatment. In ovarian cancer, however, these drugs have a relatively low therapeutic index (which is a measure of clinical benefit over toxicity of these drugs), thus even a small change (reduction) in the cellular sensitivity to these chemotherapeutic agents leads to clinical treatment failure, also known as ‘drug resistance’. To increase the clinical efficacy of platinum-based antineoplastic drugs, we need to develop therapies that are less likely to result in drug resistance, or we need to modify the current therapies to prevent or reduce drug resistance. To gain mechanistic insights into the process of drug resistance that may help us to develop new or modified therapies that are less prone to clinical drug resistance, we have focused our studies on the comprehensive analysis of two still poorly studied cisplatin-associated processes at genome-wide scale: the processes of RNA nascent transcription and RNA translation. In particular, we investigate by global run-on combined with next-generation sequencing (GRO-seq) how cisplatin-sensitive A2780 ovarian cancer cells and its cisplatin-resistance derivative, A2780cis cells, respond to acute cisplatin treatment at the level of the nascent transcriptome. We also investigate, in this case by ribosome profiling, how the same cells respond to acute cisplatin treatment at the level of the ribosome-associated transcriptome (also known as translatome). These two massive analyses, complemented with conventional profiling of steady-state RNA (profiled by RNA-seq) provide the first multidimensional analysis of the actions induced by any chemotherapeutic agent at the level of the three basic states of the transcriptome (nascent RNA, steady-state RNA, and translated RNA). Interestingly, this analysis reveals an unexpected large fraction of uncoupled events between these three transcriptomic states, which challenges the conventional one-dimensional approach based exclusively on RNA-seq for the study of drug resistance. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Carlos Mackintosh, Sergiy Konovalov, Ivan Garcia-Bassets. Dissecting the cellular response to cisplatin from RNA transcription to translation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2358. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2358
Skeptical of Skeptics
Authors: Thomas L. English
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Skepticism permeates our profession. It is ingrained during medical training and reinforced by professional experience. Who among us has not repeatedly seen claims for fourth-generation drugs with no side effects, new operations that yield glowing results with minimal complications, or the latest infallible, high-tech diagnostic procedure... only to discover months or years later that these claims missed the truth by miles. Small wonder most of us are skeptics. To be skeptical is to be detached, rational, and objective. Skepticism is widely perceived as the prudent, conservative way to deal with ambiguous situations—times when even experts are confounded. Healthy skepticism is the in attitude for intelligent, discriminating physicians.  But healthy for whom?  Four years ago I was diagnosed as having chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The experience has given me a new perspective of my profession, one that is not always flattering. In one early report, the average CFS patient had previously
Streptomycin in the Treatment of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Kurt Jellinek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THIS report deals with 92 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis treated with streptomycin in various amounts and over different lengths of time. In all cases the lesions were proved to be tuberculous by guinea-pig inoculation or x-ray study or both. No pulmonary activity was found except in 2 cases, in which an incipient pulmonary lesion was readily controlled by streptomycin. In the majority of these cases residua from previous pulmonary infection with tuberculosis could be demonstrated. In every case the intradermal tuberculin reaction was positive. Many of these patients had more than one tuberculous lesion, and 157 active lesions were present. . . .
Peroneus longus tenosynovitis.
Authors: J. C. Folan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

Tenosynovitis of the tendon of peroneus longus has rarely been described in the literature (Aberle-Horstenegg, 1932; Burman and Lapidus, 1931). This is a report on the condition in two athletes and in one of whom the os peroneum was absent on the side of the tenosynovitis. It emphasises the importance of a detailed review of athletes' training patterns when assessing their injuries.
Landfill disposal systems
Authors: Karen M. Slimak
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The current status of landfill disposal of hazardous wastes in the United States is indicated by presenting descriptions of six operating landfills. These landfills illustrate the variety of techniques that exist in landfill disposal of hazardous wastes. Although some landfills more effectively isolate hazardous waste than others, all landfills must deal with the following problems. Leachate from hazardous waste landfills is generally highly polluted. Most landfills attempt to contain leachate at the site and prevent its discharge to surface or groundwaters. To retain leachate within a disposal area, subsurface barriers of materials such as concrete, asphalt, butyl rubber, vinyl, and clay are used. It is difficult to assure that these materials can seal a landfill indefinitely. When a subsurface barrier fails, the leachate enters the groundwater in a concentrated, narrow band which may bypass monitoring wells. Once a subsurface barrier has failed, repairs are time-consuming and costly, since the waste above the repair site may have to be removed. The central problem in landfill disposal is leachate control. Recent emphasis has been on developing subsurface barriers to contain the wastes and any leachate. Future emphasis should also be on techniques for removing water from hazardous wastes before they are placed in landfills, and on methods for preventing contact of the wastes with water during and after disposal operations. When leachate is eliminated, the problems of monitoring, and subsurface barrier failure and repair can be addressed, and a waste can be effectively isolated.A surface seal landfill design is recommended for maintaining the dry state of solid hazardous wastes and for controlling leachate. Any impervious liner is utilized over the top of the landfill to prevent surface water from seeping into the waste. The surface barrier is also the site where monitoring and maintenance activities are focused. Barrier failure can be detected by visual inspections and any repairs can be made without disturbing the waste. The surface seal landfill does not employ a subsurface barrier. The surface seal landfill successfully addresses each of the four environmental problems listed above, provided that this landfill design is utilized for dry wastes only and is located at a site which provides protection from groundwater and temporary perched water tables.
Renaming AIDS: 'Retroviral Immunodeficiency'?
Authors: Robert Allard
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was given its current designation at a time when little was known about the disease. I submit that, in light of current knowledge, this designation has become so grossly inappropriate as to need replacement. A syndrome is "the aggregate of signs and symptoms associated with any morbid process, and constituting together the picture of the disease."<sup>1</sup>The word "AIDS," as generally used, clearly does not mean the picture of the disease, it means the disease itself. Furthermore, although infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can take the form of several syndromes, the manifestations of the full-blown disease are far too varied to be considered usefully as one syndrome. The qualifier "acquired" ("denoting a disease... that is not congenital but has developed after birth"<sup>1</sup>) also has become obsolete since we know that the causative agent is not merely nongenetic but
THE "PEMPHIGUS" ANTIBODY AND IMMUNOPATHIES AFFECTING THE THYMUS*
Authors: SENGA WHITTINGHAM, IAN R. MACKAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

SUMMARY.— Case studies of 2 patients with bullous skin lesions are reported, one of whom also had thyrotoxicosis and rheumaloid arthritis, and results of serological tests for the “pemphigus” antibody in 92 patients with other immunopathies. The “pemphigus” antibody, which reacts with the intercellular substance of squamous epithelium, was demonstrable in 1 case at low titre before the onset of widespread skin lesions; titres correlated with the activity of the skin lesions of pemphigus vulgaris; and the antibody was detected at low titre in diseases other than pemphigus vulgaris, including myasthenia gravis (2 cases) and systemic lupus erythematosus (1 case). The possible clinical and serological overlap between pemphigus vulgaris, myasthenia gravis and systemic lupus erythematosus was interpreted from the standpoint of thymic dysfunction.
THE SYMPTOMATIC END-RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR CHOLECYSTITIS: A REVIEW OF 153 CASES
Authors: J. C. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1932)

Chart showing cause of death, of 17,792 men (modified from the MIedico-Actuarial Tables). B2.L UGVS -Pt(/Ju/IoOMBfT$ CI/RIRhO/3S Of LI Vt.
Calling a spade a spade
Authors: Daniel K Sokol
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Medical ethicists are notorious for their interest in rare and far fetched cases. “Vive la difference!” could be an ethicist's motto. Here I go against the trend and dwell on one of the most ordinary ethical issues in clinical medicine. So ordinary is it that many do not consider it an ethical issue at all. What is undeniable is that the issue—ethical or not—affects scores of patients, doctors, and medical students across the country. Should medical students be introduced to patients as “student doctors”?

Most medical students, at some time in their training, have been called “student doctors” or “doctors” by their seniors. Registrars and consultants regularly boost the egos of their eager students with a taster of that delectable title, Doctor. Many patients are led to believe that student doctors are bona fide doctors and go on to address them as such for the rest of the consultation. More than encouraging the students, the title also serves to reassure …
Clinical Outcomes of Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Treatments Administered as Third or Fourth Line Following Failure of Docetaxel and Other Second-line Treatment: Results of an Italian Multicentre Study
Authors: Orazio Caffo, Ugo De Giorgi, Lucia Fratino, Daniele Alesini, Vittorina Zagonel, Gaetano Facchini, Donatello Gasparro, Cinzia Ortega, Marcello Tucci, Francesco Verderame, Enrico Campadelli, Giovanni Lo Re, Giuseppe Procopio, Roberto Sabbatini, Maddalena Donini, Franco Morelli, Donata Sartori, Paolo Zucali, Francesco Carrozza, Alessandro D’Angelo, Giovanni Vicario, Francesco Massari, Daniele Santini, Teodoro Sava, Caterina Messina, Giuseppe Fornarini, Leonardo La Torre, Riccardo Ricotta, Michele Aieta, Claudia Mucciarini, Fable Zustovich, Sveva Macrini, Salvatore Luca Burgio, Sandra Santarossa, Carmine D’Aniello, Umberto Basso, Sara Tarasconi, Enrico Cortesi, Consuelo Buttigliero, Fiorella Ruatta, Antonello Veccia, Vincenza Conteduca, Francesca Maines, Enzo Galligioni
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Improve, Perfect, and Perpetuate: Dr. Nathan Smith and Early American Education
Authors: Jock Murray
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes2 March 1999Improve, Perfect, and Perpetuate: Dr. Nathan Smith and Early American EducationJock Murray, MDJock Murray, MDDalhousie Medical School, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. (Murray)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-5-199903020-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Hayward OS, Putnam CE. 363 pages. Hanover, NH: Univ Pr of New England; 1998. $35.00. ISBN 0874518601. Order phone 800-421-1561.Field of medicine: Medical history and education.Format: Clothbound book.Audience: Historians of the postcolonial period and early American education. The book may be too detailed for the general reader but offers insight into the state of early American medicine and medical education.Purpose: To provide the first major biography of an influential figure in early American medicine and medical education.Content: A brief foreword by C. Everett Koop and a succinct introduction by Phillip Cash set the stage. The ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dalhousie Medical School, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. (Murray) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCorrection: Nathan Smith and Early American Education Metrics Cited byCorrection: Nathan Smith and Early American Education 2 March 1999Volume 130, Issue 5Page: 459-460KeywordsComputer softwareFeversHistory of medicineMedical educationTyphoid ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 2 March 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Arrest of Hyperparathyroid Bone Disease with Dihydrotachysterol in Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Michael Kaye, G. Chatterjee, G. F. Cohen, S. Sagar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Six patients with active bone disease who were on a chronic dialysis program were treated with dihydrotachysterol, 0.25 to 0.375 mg/day. There was marked improvement, probably due in part to increased calcium absorption from the gut and subsequent calcium deposition in bone. An equivalent dose of calciferol elicited no response. Plasma antirachitic bioassay suggested that dihydrotachysterol was not converted to vitamin D or to 25-hydroxy D in man or in rat.
Efficacy and safety of ketotifen fumarate eye drops as adjunctive therapy to mometasone furoate nasal spray in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: F. Horak, P. Stuebner, R. Zieglmayer, C.L. McWhirter, M. Gekkieva
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Fish, meat, and risk of dementia: cohort study
Authors: P. Barberger-Gateau
Journal: BMJ (2002)

We obtained data from the PAQUID (Personnes Agees QUID) epidemiological study of cognitive and functional ageing (www.healthandage.net/html/min/paquid/entrance.htm). During the third wave of the study (1991-2) investigators visited 1674 people aged 68 and over without dementia and living at home in 75 parishes in southwestern France and recorded their frequency of consumption of meat and fish or seafood: daily, at least once a week (but not every day), from time to time (but not every week), never. Participants were followed up two, five, and seven years afterwards: 1416 (84.6 %) had at least one follow up visit. All the participants who had lost three points or more on the mini-mental state examination since a previous visit or were suspected of having dementia according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , third edition, revised (DSM-III-R) were visited by a neurologist to confirm the diagnosis.

We …
Furadantin in Urinary-Tract Infections
Authors: Howard M. Trafton, Ernst H. Beutner, John J. Petronio, Howard E. Lind, Manuel Correia-Branco
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

ANUMBER of infections encountered in urologic practice, primarily those due to Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are resistant to many antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents. Furadantin,** a more recent chemotherapeutic agent, has shown considerable promise as a urinary antiseptic.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 According to available reports, this drug is effective in infections due to both gram-positive and grami-negative organisms, including P. vulgaris. However, Furadantin has not been sufficiently evaluated to permit definitive conclusions regarding its antibacterial spectrum, long-range clinical effectiveness and patient tolerance. The present paper concerns a further study of the drug as a urinary antiseptic. Findings are summarized and correlated . . .
Quantitative angiographic morphology of coronary stenoses leading to myocardial infarction or unstable angina.
Authors: R F Wilson, M D Holida, C W White
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Identification of a characteristic morphology of a coronary stenosis likely to result in myocardial infarction would facilitate the prospective evaluation of infarct prevention strategies and identification of high-risk patients. We postulated that coronary lesions associated with recent myocardial infarction or unstable angina would have an angiographic morphology suggesting disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque and would appear morphologically different from lesions associated with chronic stable angina. To test this hypothesis, quantitative coronary angiography (Brown-Dodge method) was performed in 15 patients 4 to 30 days after myocardial infarction, in 10 patients with the abrupt onset of unstable angina and single-vessel coronary disease, and in 15 patients with chronic stable angina without prior myocardial infarction. Serial arterial diameters (20 to 40) within each lesion were determined and the degree of luminal irregularity was quantitated by calculation of an "ulceration" index. The majority of all lesions analyzed resulted in severe luminal stenosis (mean 78% area stenosis, all groups). Despite small differences in mean lesion severity among groups, overlap in the degree of luminal compromise prevented precise classification of lesions associated with myocardial infarction or unstable angina based on percent stenosis or minimum luminal cross-sectional area. The mean ulceration index of lesions in patients with unstable angina and in the infarct-related vessel in those with acute myocardial infarction was 0.62 +/- 0.05 (+/- SEM) and 0.61 +/- 0.03, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)