tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preimplantation Testing to Produce an HLA-Matched Donor Infant
Authors: John E. Wagner, Jeffrey P. Kahn, Susan M. Wolf, Jeffrey M. Lipton
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Response to Smallpox Vaccine in Persons Immunized in the Distant Past—Correction
Authors: Fusae Nishimura, Shuntaro Abe, Tatsushige Fukunaga
Journal: JAMA (2003)

ContextThe Internet has attracted considerable attention as a means to improve health and health care delivery, but it is not clear how prevalent Internet use for health care really is or what impact it has on health care utilization.Available estimates of use and impact vary widely.Without accurate estimates of use and effects, it is difficult to focus policy discussions or design appropriate policy activities.Objectives To measure the extent of Internet use for health care among a representative sample of the US population, to examine the prevalence of e-mail use for health care, and to examine the effects that Internet and e-mail use has on users' knowledge about health care matters and their use of the health care system. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsSurvey conducted in December 2001 and January 2002 among a sample drawn from a research panel of more than 60000 US households developed and maintained by Knowledge Networks.Responses were analyzed from 4764 individuals aged 21 years or older who were self-reported Internet users.Main Outcome Measures Self-reported rates in the past year of Internet and e-mail use to obtain information related to health, contact health care professionals, and obtain prescriptions; perceived effects of Internet and e-mail use on health care use. ResultsApproximately 40% of respondents with Internet access reported using the Internet to look for advice or information about health or health care in 2001.Six percent reported using e-mail to contact a physician or other health care professional.About one third of those using the Internet for health reported that using the Internet affected a decision about health or their health care, but very few reported impacts on measurable health care utilization; 94% said that Internet use had no effect on the number of physician visits they had and 93% said it had no effect on the number of telephone contacts.Five percent or less reported use of the Internet to obtain prescriptions or purchase pharmaceutical products.Conclusions Although many people use the Internet for health information, use is not as common as is sometimes reported.Effects on actual health care utilization are also less substantial than some have claimed.Discussions of the role of the Internet in health care and the development of policies that might influence this role should not presume that use of the Internet for health information is universal or that the Internet strongly influences health care utilization.
Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome engineering
Authors: Xiao Yang
Journal: Military Medical Research (2015)

Targeted mutagenesis based on homologous recombination has been a powerful tool for understanding the mechanisms underlying development, normal physiology, and disease. A recent breakthrough in genome engineering technology based on the class of RNA-guided endonucleases, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated Cas9, is further revolutionizing biology and medical studies. The simplicity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system has enabled its widespread applications in generating germline animal models, somatic genome engineering, and functional genomic screening and in treating genetic and infectious diseases. This technology will likely be used in all fields of biomedicine, ranging from basic research to human gene therapy.
Abstract 3511: Quality of Life in COURAGE Trial Patients with Diabetes
Authors: David J Maron, John A Spertus, Paul G Kolm, Steven P Sedlis, G.B. John Mancini, Pamela M Hartigan, Leslee J Shaw, Marcin Dada, Koon K Teo, Robert A O’Rourke, William E Boden, William S Weintraub
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: The COURAGE trial randomized 2,287 patients to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) plus optimal medical therapy (OMT) or OMT alone. We hypothesized that patients with diabetes would have lower quality of life (QOL) at baseline and benefit less from PCI than patients without diabetes. Methods: Angina frequency and QOL were assessed with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 years. Diabetes and treatment group differences were assessed by analysis of variance and linear mixed effects models. Results: (See Table .) Diabetes status could be determined in 2,234 patients. Of these, 766 (34%) had diabetes. There were no significant baseline differences in SAQ scores for angina frequency and QOL for patients with and without diabetes. All patients experienced significant (p&lt;0.001) improvement in these SAQ scores from baseline through 3 years post-randomization in both treatment arms, however patients without diabetes had significantly greater improvement (p&lt;0.001 for both scores). The addition of PCI to OMT produced a small but statistically significant advantage for patients without diabetes that persisted for 2 years for angina frequency and 1 year for QOL; a similar advantage for PCI was observed for patients with diabetes, but this was not statistically significant, due in part to the smaller sample size. Comparison of SAQ Scores by Diabetes Status and Treatment Conclusions: COURAGE patients with and without diabetes had similar baseline angina frequency and QOL, and experienced marked improvement in these parameters in both treatment groups. Diabetic patients had less improvement in these health status scores than non-diabetic patients. The addition of PCI to OMT produced a small incremental benefit compared with OMT alone that lasted for 1–2 years, after which there were no between-group differences for patients with or without diabetes.
Genetics of human isolated hereditary nail disorders
Authors: S. Khan, S. Basit, R. Habib, A. Kamal, N. Muhammad, W. Ahmad
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Human hereditary nail disorders constitute a rare and heterogeneous group of ectodermal dysplasias. They occur as isolated and/or syndromic ectodermal conditions where other ectodermal appendages are also involved, and can occur associated with skeletal dysplasia. 'Nail disorder, nonsyndromic congenital' (OMIM; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) is subclassified into 10 different types. The underlying genes identified thus far are expressed in the nail bed and play important roles in nail development and morphogenesis. Here, we review the current literature on nail disorders and present a coherent review on the genetics of nail disorders. This review will pave the way to identifying putative genes and pathways involved in nail development and morphogenesis.
Abstract 2794: Assessment Of Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics By Multi-detector Row Computed Tomography: Comparison With Integrated Backscatter Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: WooIn Yang, Young-Guk Ko, Jung-Woo Son, SangMin Park, Jung-Sun Kim, Donghoon Choi, Yangsoo Jang, Namsik Chung, Won-Heum Shim, Seung-Yun Cho
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) has shown to be useful as noninvasive assessment for coronary artery disease. However, the ability of MDCT to differentiate plaque types re...
Abstract 15525: Alirocumab, a Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody to Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/kexin Type 9, and Its Effects on Lipoprotein Subfractions Determined by Ion Mobility
Authors: Ronald M Krauss, Poulabi Banerjee, Sara Hamon, Corinne Hanotin, William Sasiela, Michael J Koren, James M McKenney
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  A causative role for low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been established, with randomized studies showing that LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering reduces CVD events. Studies also indicate a stronger association between LDL particle concentrations and CVD risk than LDL-C alone. Ion mobility provides direct measurements of particle concentrations of LDL, very-low density (VLDL), intermediate-density (IDL) and high-density (HDL) lipoproteins and may demonstrate effects of lipid modifying drugs not revealed by standard lipid profiles.   Methods:  A Phase 2 randomized, double-blind, clinical trial (NCT01288443) was conducted in patients with hypercholesterolemia and LDL-C levels ≥100mg/dL on stable atorvastatin (10-40 mg daily). In this substudy, we evaluated 31 patients who received placebo with 27 patients who received alirocumab 150 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) via a 1-mL subcutaneous injection and compared lipoprotein subfractions measured using ion mobility at baseline and Week 12.   Results:  The table shows changes in lipids from the Phase 2 study, and lipoprotein subfractions from this substudy, in placebo and alirocumab 150 mg Q2W groups from baseline to Week 12. Compared with placebo, alirocumab on average, reduced per person VLDL concentration by 39.9% (p   Conclusion:  Alirocumab significantly reduced levels of all LDL, IDL and VLDL particle subfractions as measured by ion mobility consistent with its published effect on LDL-C.
Abstract 12022: Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Everolimus-Eluting Stents versus Sirolimus-Eluting Stents: Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis of 14 Randomized Control Trials, Focused on Stent Thrombosis
Authors: TOSHIAKI TOYOTA, Hiroki Shiomi, Takeshi Morimoto, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: We sought to compare the long-term clinical outcomes between everolimus-eluting stent (EES) and sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) with a meta-analysis method. The long-term clinical outcomes, especially stent thrombosis (ST), after EES versus SES implantation has not been clearly defined among trials directly comparing the 2 types of stents. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane database, and ClinicalTrials.gov. for trials comparing outcomes between EES (Xience V/Promus) and SES (Cypher select/Cypher select plus) in patients with native coronary artery disease using randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. We selected the article reporting the longest follow-up outcomes from each RCT. The outcome measure was all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), definite ST, and target-lesion revascularization (TLR). ST was further classified as those occurring early (&lt;=30 days), late (30-365 days), or very late (&lt;365 days). Results: We identified 14 RCT comparing EES and SES including 2 trials reporting the longest follow-up outcomes as a pooled analysis. We analyzed 13,434 randomly assigned patients with the weighted follow-up period of 2.1 years (Follow-up &lt;=1-year: 7 trials, and 3191 patients; &gt;1-year: 7 trials, and 10243 patients). EES as compared to SES was associated with significantly lower risks for overall ST, and early ST (pooled odds ratio (OR) 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.81, P=0.01, and OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.18-0.99, P=0.046, respectively), while there was no significant difference in the risk for late ST and very late ST (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.17-1.43, P=0.19, and OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.23-1.85, P=0.43, respectively). EES as compared to SES was also associated with significantly lower risks for TLR (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-0.99, P=0.04). There was no significant difference in the risk for all-cause death, and MI between EES and SES. (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.78-1.07, P=0.11, and OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.75-1.13, P=0.44, respectively). Conclusions: In the current meta-analysis of 14 RCT directly comparing EES with SES, implantation of EES as compared to SES implantation was associated with significantly lower risk for definite ST and TLR.
The Changing Room
Authors: Natalie A Mariano
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 15367: Optimal Gait Speed Cut-off Values According to Age and Gender in Predicting Cardiovascular Events in Patients after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chika Kawashima, Yasushi Matsuzawa, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Eiichi Akiyama, Nobuhiko Maejima, Noriaki Iwahashi, Kengo Tsukahara, Kiyoshi Hibi, Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Gait speed is a simple marker of frailty, and is inversely related to cardiovascular mortality among the elderly. In addition, we previously reported the association of slow gait speed with increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Since gait speed is strongly related to gender and age, we sought to assess prognostic utility of gait speed and to determine its optimal cut-off values according to gender and age to predict subsequent cardiovascular events in patients with STEMI. Methods: We undertook a prospective observational study of gait speed in 472 patients with successful reperfusion therapy within 12 hours of STEMI onset. Gait speeds were measured during 200-meter walk before discharge, and all patients were followed for cardiovascular events which consist of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke. Optimal cut-off values of gait speed were defined using Youden index, according to gender ...
Discrete BDNF Neurons in the Paraventricular Hypothalamus Control Feeding and Energy Expenditure
Authors: Juan Ji An, Guey-Ying Liao, Clint E. Kinney, Niaz Sahibzada, Baoji Xu
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)

Highlights•The PVH is a key structure that produces BDNF to control energy balance•The majority of BDNF neurons in the PVH are distinct from previously defined ones•BDNF neurons in the anterior PVH inhibit feeding and stimulate locomotor activity•BDNF neurons in the medial and posterior PVH drive adaptive thermogenesisSummaryBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key regulator of energy balance; however, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. By analyzing BDNF-expressing neurons in paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH), we have uncovered neural circuits that control energy balance. The Bdnf gene in the PVH was mostly expressed in previously undefined neurons, and its deletion caused hyperphagia, reduced locomotor activity, impaired thermogenesis, and severe obesity. Hyperphagia and reduced locomotor activity were associated with Bdnf deletion in anterior PVH, whereas BDNF neurons in medial and posterior PVH drive thermogenesis by projecting to spinal cord and forming polysynaptic connections to brown adipose tissues. Furthermore, BDNF expression in the PVH was increased in response to cold exposure, and its ablation caused atrophy of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Thus, BDNF neurons in anterior PVH control energy intake and locomotor activity, whereas those in medial and posterior PVH promote thermogenesis by releasing BDNF into spinal cord to boost sympathetic outflow.Graphical abstract
Abstract 14963: The Accessory Papillary Muscles and Papillary Muscle Hypertrophy are Associated with Sudden Cardiac Arrest of Unknown Cause
Authors: Jae-Sun Uhm, Hancheol Lee, Tae-Hoon Kim, Nam Kyun Kim, Jin-Kyu Park, Jong-Chan Youn, Boyoung Joung, Hui-Nam Pak, Moon-Hyoung Lee
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The cause of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in a considerable number of patients remains unknown. The present study was performed for elucidating the associations between the morphology of the papillary muscles and SCA. Hypothesis: The morphology of the papillary muscles should be associated with SCA. Methods: We retrospectively included 190 patients with SCA. History, laboratory data, ECG, echocardiography, coronary angiography, and cardiac CT/MRI were analyzed for elucidation of causes of SCA. We compared incidence of the accessory papillary muscles between the patients with SCA of unknown cause (including idiopathic ventricular fibrillation) and the patients with SCA of known causes. We also compared incidence of the accessory papillary muscles between the patients with SCA of unknown cause and age- and sex-matched 2-fold patients without SCA. The accessory papillary muscles were defined as the papillary muscles with origins separated from the anterolateral and posteromedial papillary muscle...
Management for Doctors: Decision analysis for medical managers
Authors: J G Thornton, R J Lilford
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The obstetricians at “Enterprise Hospital Trust” in the northern city of Yeeds are trying to persuade the health authority to buy serum screening for Down's syndrome for all pregnant women in the district.1 The director of purchasing was about to approve this when she received a letter from Lady Pressure, chair of the community health council. Lady Pressure's grandchild had just died of congenital toxoplasmosis, and she wondered why this screening was not offered in Yeeds. She enclosed literature from the Toxoplasmosis Trust calling for a screening programme, and reminded the manager that screening had been offered in France for years. Why was Yeeds so backward? Finally, the manager herself was aware that the recent identification of the cystic fibrosis gene made screening for that disease technically simple.

The right decision in this case is not obvious. It is tempting to choose the cheapest programme, but perhaps a slightly more expensive one will produce greater health gain. This itself is difficult to measure, and different programmes do not simply save different numbers of lives. How can we compare prevention of the birth of a baby with Down's syndrome with the birth of a baby with cystic fibrosis? Each programme will also have other “costs”: they will cause some miscarriages and make quite a few parents anxious.

Typically, managers resolve such conflicts by reference to previous practice and to what others do and by subjectively evaluating the claims of the various pressure groups. The problem with such political methods is that “he who shouts loudest” is likely to win, without necessarily being the most deserving. Sometimes decision makers will want to stand back and attempt a more thoughtful analysis.

Decision analysis is a way of doing this by analysing the benefits and harms systematically, so that the trade offs are …
Abstract 19169: Anakinra - A Promising New Therapy for Idiopathic Recurrent Pericarditis
Authors: Sonia Jain, Charat Thongprayoon, Raul E Espinosa, Sharonne N Hayes, Kyle W Klarich, Nandan S Anavekar, Kevin G Moder, Jae K Oh, Eric L Matteson
Journal: Circulation (2014)

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic recurrent pericarditis (IRP) is a debilitating condition that can be recalcitrant to conventional therapy. Some patients develop steroid dependency with the attendant risks of systemic side effects and increased future recurrence. Anakinra is a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist that reduces systemic inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic role of anakinra in IRP. Methods: We retrospectively studied consenting patients with treatment refractory IRP who received anakinra, between January 2009 and November 2013. The primary end points were symptom resolution and steroid discontinuation. Results: Nine patients were followed for a median of 16.8 (IQR 1.3-24) months. Study subjects were predominantly female (7 [78%]) with a median age of 53 (IQR 38 - 58) years. All 9 patients had failed maximum tolerated doses of NSAIDs, colchicine and prednisone (median dose 20 mg [IQR 15 - 22.5]). Primary symptom was chest pain in 9 (100%), with concurrent dyspnea in 5 (56%) patients. Symptom duration prior to anakinra initiation was 24 (IQR 13 - 71) months. Indication for anakinra was steroid sparing agent in 7 (78%) and symptom control in 2 (22%) patients. The dosage was 100 mg once daily via subcutaneous injection. Baseline LVEF was 62% (IQR 59% - 67%). Echocardiographic findings include pericardial effusion in 3 (33%), pericardial thickening in 6 (67%), and constrictive physiology in 4 (44%). Pericardial enhancement on cardiac MRI was seen in 7 (78%) patients. All 9 patients (100%) had symptom improvement with complete resolution in 8 (89%) and partial resolution in 1 (11%) patient. At last follow up, all 9 (100%) patients had discontinued NSAIDs and colchicine, 5 (56%) patients discontinued and 4 (44%) had reduced prednisone dosage. All patients remained on anakinra at the end of follow up. The only reported side effect was transient injection site reaction in 4 (44%) patients. In 2 (22%) patients, attempted anakinra weaning was unsuccessful due to symptomatic flare after 6 weeks. Conclusion: Anakinra is an effective alternative agent for the management of steroid dependent IRP. It provides remarkable symptomatic amelioration, limits steroid dependency, and is associated with minimal side effects.