tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Age-dependent decline of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: J C Hill, E P Schoener
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

This study was undertaken to assess whether the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is retained from childhood into adulthood.A search of the literature yielded nine prospective studies in which cohorts of children with the disorder were formed and then reexamined 4-16 years later to determine the level of retained ADHD. The resulting data were subjected to nonlinear regression analysis to ascertain the relationship with chronological age.The data followed an exponential decline over time to a high degree of accuracy.The rate of ADHD in a given age group appears to decline by 50% approximately every 5 years. If a prevalence of ADHD in childhood of 4% is assumed and the exponential decline extrapolated, the estimated rate of adult ADHD ranges from about 0.8% at age 20 to 0.05% at age 40.
Glycosyltransferases in human blood
Authors: Young S. Kim, Jose Perdomo, James S. Whitehead
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Human serum and hemoglobin-free erythrocyte membranes were found to contain a galactosyltransferase which catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to specific large and small molecular weight acceptors. The requirements for enzyme activity were found to be similar for the enzymes from both sources. However, the membrane-bound enzyme depended on a detergent for maximal activity. Mn(++) was an absolute requirement for transfer and uridine nucleoside phosphates were inhibitors. The most effective acceptor for galactose was a glycoprotein containing N-acetylglucosamine residues in the terminal position of its oligosaccharide side chains, N-acetylglucosamine was also an acceptor. While the presence of alpha-lactalbumin in the incubation medium resulted in a significant decrease in the transfer of galactose to N-acetylglucosamine, glucose, which was not an acceptor for galactose in the absence of alpha-lactalbumin, became an excellent acceptor. The serum enzyme catalyzed the transfer of 54 nmoles of galactose per milliliter of serum per hour and its apparent K(m) for UDP-galactose was 7.5 x 10(-6)M. The membrane enzyme had a similar apparent K(m). Using a quantitative assay system the enzyme was found to be present in all individuals studied, regardless of their blood type, secretor status, or sex.
User perspectives on treatment with non-invasive ventilation to patients with COPD - Results from a participatory research project
Authors: Helle Marie Christensen, Ingrid Titlestad, Lotte Huniche
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  The effect of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is well documented, but there is a high percentage of treatment failure due to patients9 intolerance. There is limited knowledge of how patients with COPD experience and evaluate treatment with NIV. Knowledge of user perspectives on NIV is needed in order to develop management strategies aimed at decreasing patient-related treatment failure.   Method:  The present study is based on critical psychological practice research. An interdisciplinary co-researchers9 group was set up to describe and analyse clinical practice of NIV treatment in collaboration with the researcher. The group met seven times over a year with duration of two hours per session. Health professionals contributed with experience-based perspectives, and the researcher contributed with data based on participant observation on the ward and semi-structured interviews with 16 patients and 4 relatives.   Results : Interviews revealed that 15 patients evaluated treatment with non-invasive ventilation positively, although 13 had experienced fear and 14 discomfort during treatment. All patients expressed the view that they would accept treatment with NIV in the future even if they had displayed resistance during start-up of treatment.   Conclusion : A participatory approach to the investigation of user perspectives and development of treatment with NIV was highly productive and enabled continuous and complementary development of knowledge and implementation of new clinical strategies for NIV treatment.
Chronic Care Management for Medicare Patients
Authors: Susan Reinhard, Carol Levine
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Psychological Effects of Lung Cancer Screening on Heavy Smokers
Authors: Russell P. Harris
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

In August 2011, the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) investigators published their results: screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces mortality from lung cancer among heavy smokers.1 For some, these results were evidence enough to begin LDCT screening programs. Others2 more closely examined the total evidence about thevalueof lung cancer screening, that is, the extent towhich the benefits justify the harms and costs.3 One of the important analyses in this effort used NLST data to assess cost-effectiveness.4 This analysis found that screening heavy smokers has an incremental costeffectiveness ratio (ICER) of $81 000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), with a wide 95% CI ($52 000-$186 000) and marked variation among subgroups. For example, a subgroup analysis showed that the ICER for people with a history of heavy smoking (at least 30 pack-years) who were currently smoking was $43 000 per QALY; for those who had previously stopped smoking, the ICER was $615 000 per QALY. This analysis involved 2 critical assumptions about the psychological effects of screening on heavy smokers: that the cascade of screening leads to few psychological harms and that screening has no effect on smoking behavior. The qualitative study by Zeliadt et al5 in this issue of JAMA Internal Medicine should prompt us to revisit these 2 assumptions. Althoughmany acknowledge the potential psychological effects of lung cancer screening,6 we have little useful evidence to help determine the frequency and burden of the potential psychological harms of lung cancer screening. The critical question that needs to be answered is what are the shortand longer-termpsychological effects of offering LDCT screening as a proven program to heavy smokers, compared withnot offering screening? Studies that compare screenedvs nonscreened groups within randomized clinical trials do not address this question because participation in the trial itself has psychological effects and participants usually differ from community nonparticipants in important ways. Studies that compare false-positivewithnegative screening results donot help us answer the critical question. Studies that do not use sensitive condition-specificmeasurement instruments areunlikely to detect the types of psychological effects thatmay result from screening. This issue iswhere thequalitative analysis byZeliadt et al5 is helpful. The investigators use a more sensitive qualitative approach to gain a richer understandingof the associationbetween screening and heavy smokers’ sense of their health. It Related article page 1530 Lung Cancer Screening in Smokers and theMotivation to Quit Smoking Original Investigation Research
Non–Transferrin-Bound Iron and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Daphne L. van der A, Joannes J.M. Marx, Diederick E. Grobbee, Marjolein H. Kamphuis, Niki A. Georgiou, J. Henny van Kats-Renaud, William Breuer, Z. Ioav Cabantchik, Mark Roest, Hieronymus A.M. Voorbij, Yvonne T. van der Schouw
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Epidemiological studies aimed at correlating coronary heart disease (CHD) with serum ferritin levels have thus far yielded inconsistent results. We hypothesized that a labile iron component associated with non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) that appears in individuals with overt or cryptic iron overload might be more suitable for establishing correlations with CHD.We investigated the relation of NTBI, serum iron, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin with risk of CHD and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The cohort used comprised a population-based sample of 11 471 postmenopausal women aged 49 to 70 years at enrollment in 1993 to 1997. During a median follow-up of 4.3 years (quartile limits Q1 to Q3: 3.3 to 5.4), 185 CHD events were identified, including 66 AMI events. We conducted a case-cohort study using all CHD cases and a random sample from the baseline cohort (n=1134). A weighted Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios for tertiles of iron variables in relation to CHD and AMI. Adjusted hazard ratios of women in the highest NTBI tertile (range 0.38 to 3.51) compared with the lowest (range -2.06 to -0.32) were 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.61 to 1.16) for CHD and 0.47 (95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.71) for AMI. The results were similar for serum iron, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin.Our results show no excess risk of CHD or AMI within the highest NTBI tertile compared with the lowest but rather seem to demonstrate a decreased risk. Additional studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Abstract P036: Medical Advice is Associated with Taking Action to Reduce Sodium Intake, Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System 2013
Authors: Sandra L Jackson, Sallyann C King, Soyoun Park, Jing Fang, Erika Odom, Mary E Cogswell
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Excessive sodium intake is a key modifiable risk factor for hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular disease: 95% of US adults consume >2300 mg daily (Institute of Medicine tolerable upper intake level). Yet knowledge is limited regarding U.S. adult behaviors to reduce sodium intake. Our objectives were to describe the prevalence and determinants of taking action to reduce sodium intake, and to test the hypothesis that receiving medical advice is associated with taking action to reduce sodium intake. Methods: We used data from the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based telephone survey representative of non-institutionalized adults aged >18 years. Twenty-six U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico participated in the new, optional sodium module. The median cooperation rate for these states and territories was 66.9%; range 51.8 – 75.9%. We estimated prevalence ratios (PR) adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics. All analyses accounted f...
Remarkably Wise
Authors: Andrew P. J. Olson, Lawrence M. Tierney
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
“Triple Therapy” of Heart Failure With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Beta-Blocker, and Aldosterone Antagonist May Triple Survival Time
Authors: Graham D. Cole, Sheetal J. Patel, Nabeela Zaman, Anthony J. Barron, Claire E. Raphael, Jamil Mayet, Darrel P. Francis
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)
Serum antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Jay D. Amsterdam, Werner Henle, Andrew Winokur, Owen M. Wolkowitz, David Pickar, Steven M. Paul
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

To determine whether major depressive disorder might be associated with serologic evidence for a chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection, viral-specific antibodies were measured in two separate groups of depressed patients (N=43) and in 46 appropriately matched healthy volunteers. No evidence that depression affects cellular immunity to the point that a persistent Epstein-Barr virus carrier state becomes activated was found. There was also no evidence that depression results from an unrecognized chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. The authors conclude that the routine clinical determination of expensive commercial Epstein-Barr virus antibody profiles is not indicated in most patients with major depressive disorder in the absence of other signs of chronic active Epstein-Barr viral infection.
Abstract 5040: Calcium channels: Potential new therapeutic targets for hormone independent and resistant breast cancers
Authors: Kedra Cyrus, Mudit Kaushal, Zeina Sharawi, Glyn Noguchi, Tiffany Chang, William Rydzewski, Fatima Gibrel, William Yeguech, Bassam Haddad, Mary Beth Martin
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is central to the growth and progression of a subset of breast cancers. As such, therapies that target ERα are a standard of care in the treatment of ERα -positive disease. Unfortunately, one-third of patients receiving hormonal therapies develop resistance. Several factors are believed to contribute to resistance including increased hormone independent activation of ERα by activated signal transduction pathways such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathway. We have shown that calcium mediates the cross talk between the EGF signaling pathway and ERα by directly binding to and activating the ligand binding domain of ERα suggesting a role for calcium in the development and progression of hormone independent and resistant breast cancer. Preliminary results from this study show that compared to normal (MCF10A) or hormone dependent (MCF-7) breast cells, hormone independent and resistant breast cancer cells (MCF7-2A, LCC-9, and MCF7-RR) have higher expression of the L-type and T-type calcium channels and higher concentrations of intracellular calcium. When hormone resistant (LCC-9) cells were treated with the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM, the L-type calcium channel blocker methoxyverapamil, or the T-type calcium channel blocker mibefradil, there was a significant decrease in the expression of the ERα regulated gene progesterone receptor that was reversed by the addition of estradiol. More importantly, when hormone independent (MCF7-2A) and hormone independent (LCC-9) cells were treated with the calcium channel blockers, there was in a significant decrease in growth and a re-sensitization of the antiestrogen resistant LCC-9 cells to tamoxifen and fulvestrant. Taken together, the preliminary results suggest that increased expression of calcium channels and intracellular calcium contribute to the hormone independent activation of ERα and point to a potential new therapeutic target for hormone independent and resistant breast cancer. Citation Format: Kedra Cyrus, Mudit Kaushal, Zeina Sharawi, Glyn Noguchi, Tiffany Chang, William Rydzewski, Fatima Gibrel, William Yeguech, Bassam Haddad, Mary Beth Martin. Calcium channels: Potential new therapeutic targets for hormone independent and resistant breast cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5040. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5040
Prevention Of Relapse In Acute Myeloid Leukemia By Dendritic Cell Vaccination: Report on a Phase II Study With 29 Patients
Authors: Zwi N. Berneman, Ann Van de Velde, Sébastien Anguille, Yannick Willemen, Wilfried A. Schroyens, Alain P. Gadisseur, Inge Vrelust, Griet Nijs, Barbara Stein, Nathalie Cools, Ronald Malfait, Marie-Berthe Maes, Katrien Vermeulen, Viggo F. Van Tendeloo, Evelien L. Smits
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 71: Epigenetic control of signature gene expression in the inducible differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Chunhua Song, Xiaokang Pan, Zhanjun Li, Yali Ding, Sunil Mudhusami, Chandrika Gowda, Zheng Ge, Sadie Steffens, Bi-hua Tan, Sinisa Dovat
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract [Background] Epigenetic changes in DNA and chromatin are regarded as emerging major players for hematopoietic stem cells development and lineage differentiation. Epigenetic deregulation of gene expression leads to leukemia and reversibility of epigenetic modifications makes DNA and chromatin changes attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. The promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell can differentiate into microphage, granulocyte and monocyte with stimulation of phorbol myristic acid (PMA), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and Vitamin D3, respectively, by affecting the gene expression on cell cycle and cell differentiation. However, how epigenetic regulation on gene expression in the inducible differentiation is still not well determined. [Methods and Results] We did the microarray analysis to identify the genome-wide gene expression profile of HL-60 cells in various time points(0h, 6h, 1d,2d,4d and 6d) under the treatment of PMA, ATRA/DMSO and D3 and found that around 3000 genes are significantly altered commonly under those treatments in the process. The percentage of down-regulated genes in the all commonly altered genes is significantly higher than that of up-regulated genes, and the significantly altered genes showed significantly physical clustering on chromosome loci, indicating the epigenetic regulation involved in the regulation of the gene expression. We did observed the expression changes of epigenetic enzymes in the process and further did the ChIP-on-ChIP analysis by using the customer array tiling the selected changed genes and 5 genomic loci hybridizing with ChIP’d DNA of histone markers (H3K4me3, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3). We found that the obvious decrease of H3K4me3 binding and increase of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 are observed in the promoter of common down-regulated genes. These data indicated histone H3K4, H3K9 and H3K27 marker play important roles in shaping the chromatin state and regulating gene expression. [Conclusion] We identified the signature genes controlling the inducible differentiation of promyelocytic leukemia cells and found the epigenetic mechanism regulating the gene expression in the process. Citation Format: Chunhua Song, Xiaokang Pan, Zhanjun Li, Yali Ding, Sunil Mudhusami, Chandrika Gowda, Zheng Ge, Sadie Steffens, Bi-hua Tan, Sinisa Dovat. Epigenetic control of signature gene expression in the inducible differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 71. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-71
Patient and Referring Practitioner Characteristics Associated With the Likelihood of Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Luke M. Funk, Sally Jolles, Laura E. Fischer, Corrine I. Voils
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Although bariatric surgery is the most cost-effective treatment for severe obesity, less than 1% of severely obese patients undergo it. Reasons for this low use are unclear.To identify patient and referring practitioner characteristics associated with the likelihood of undergoing bariatric surgery.The PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles published from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2014. Studies were eligible if they presented descriptive data regarding facilitators or barriers to bariatric surgery or if they reported statistical associations between patient or practitioner characteristics and referral to or receipt of bariatric surgery. Frequency effect sizes were calculated as the proportion of studies reporting a finding.Of the 7212 records identified in the initial search, 53 were included in full-text review. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in analyses. Of those, 4 included descriptive findings, 6 reported statistical associations, and 1 included both. One study included practitioners as participants, whereas 8 included patients. Four of 9 studies identified an association between female sex and a greater willingness to undergo bariatric surgery. Lack of knowledge about bariatric surgery was a barrier in 2 studies. Five of 9 cited patient concerns about the outcomes and safety of bariatric surgery as a barrier to undergoing it. Patients were more likely to pursue bariatric surgery when it was recommended by referring practitioners. Practitioners who believed that obesity treatment should be covered by insurance were more likely to recommend bariatric surgery.Limited patient and referring practitioner knowledge about the safety and effectiveness of bariatric surgery are important barriers to bariatric surgery use. Future efforts focused on improving knowledge and identification of the critical determinants of obesity treatment decision making from the practitioner and patient perspectives would have an important effect on public health.