tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Swinging Pendulum
Authors: Bonnie Sun, Michael E. Zenilman
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

After the landmark National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project–B27 study, which showed no survival difference between mastectomy and lumpectomy with radiation, breast conservationsurgery (BCS)emergedas thepreferredoption for early-stagecancers.1,2 This ledtoasteady increase in BCS, but the seminal article in this issue by Kummerow et al3 reveals a surprising rise in the rate of mastectomy for early-stage cancers. The authors attribute this rate increase to developments in reconstructive techniques, better served by mastectomy. This study raises several questions.Were all patients BCS candidates? This is difficult to assess without accounting for findings onmagnetic resonance imaging, familyhistory, clinical stage, and tumor to breast ratio, all ofwhich arenow taken into consideration.What was the actual availability of reconstruction and newer techniques such as skinand nipplesparing mastectomies? Kummerow et al3 show that the postmastectomy reconstruction rate rose while the rate of mastectomywithout reconstruction fell. These points hint at amore basic question:Why aremore women opting for mastectomy over BCS, and are those reasons valid? Most important, younger agewas associatedwithmastectomy and there was a disproportionate rise in bilateral mastectomies for unilateral, early-stage cancers. Understandably, concern for genetic predisposition carries influence, as does recent media exposure. It is crucial to properly address these concerns. While the choice to pursuemastectomy over BCS is never wrong, it must be made for the right reasons, a topic recently addressed in JAMA Surgery.4 Current guidelines use the rate of BCS as a qualitymeasure based on cancer stage.5 So, when presenting these surgical options, we must ensure that decisions are not based onmisconceptions. Existing guidelines are in place to ensure that patients are offered the appropriate options. The article by Kummerow et al3 should at least serve as awake-up call that aswe fulfill that responsibility, and use everymodality of care to give patients the best quality of life and survival advantage, the guidelines may need to change again.
Haiti — A View from the Ship
Authors: Marjorie Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

One of the first children I cared for after my arrival on the USNS Comfort, the U.S. Navy's floating medical treatment facility docked at Port-au-Prince, Haiti, was a 10-month-old boy who had been brought to the ship nearly dead from malnutrition. Prior to the earthquake, there had been little food, and he had been fed only a few times per week. When the earthquake hit, his mother covered him with her body. His aunt heard his cries and pulled him from underneath her dead sister. In the days following the earthquake, his kwashiorkor progressed to the point that when I . . .
Strontium-90 in Man
Authors: G. Hyde
Journal: BMJ (1957)

<h3>Background</h3> Despite the high burden of injuries, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) lack trained human resources for practice and research in injury prevention. Furthermore, those who are trained receive very little formal training or mentoring on translating knowledge into practice. There is also a dearth of training programs that are designed for, and implemented in these settings. Many training programs that are available are often expensive and out of reach for individuals in these settings. <h3>Description</h3> This panel will focus on innovative approaches for capacity development – at the individual, and institutional levels, in the field of injury prevention in LMICs. The speakers on this panel have been involved in developing and implementing innovative capacity development programs in LMICs, and will introduce these approaches, as well as share their key features, strengths, and challenges. Dr. Adnan Hyder will chair the panel. <h3>Presentations</h3> <i>Strengthening global capacity for violence and injury prevention:</i> Dr. Nhan Tran will discuss strategies and opportunities for building and strengthening global capacity for violence and injury prevention. <i>Strengthening leadership capacity for effective implementation of road safety programs:</i> Dr. Abdulgafoor Bachani will discuss the development and implementation of the Global Road Safety Leadership Course, an innovative course that focuses on building leadership capacity to design, advocate for, and implement effective road safety programs and policies. <i>Developing institutional capacity for research in injury prevention and control:</i> Dr. Olive Kobusingye will discuss lessons learnt from embedding trauma, injury, and disability training within public health curriculum in a LMIC. <i>Leveraging e-learning platforms for injury prevention:</i> Ms. Shirin Wadhwaniya will discuss the development and implementation of a free, online, on-demand certificate course for road traffic injury prevention and control in LMICs. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This panel will end with a discussion on strategies for developing sustainable capacity for injury prevention in LMICs.
Ralph Nader, the Consumer and the Hospitals
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

AMONG the most admired of all Americans, at least with half the population (the half under 25), is Ralph Nader, the consumer advocate. Still a young man himself, only a little more than 10 years out of Harvard Law School, Nader began by writing about the dangers in American automobiles, particularly in safety design. He has gone on to many other crusades, and despite efforts by many big businesses to silence him, ridicule him or rebut him, he has done a vast amount of good for the consuming public — which includes all of us most of the time.In . . .
The Gastrointestinal Lesion in Viral Hepatitis.
Authors: Marcel E. Conrad
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964The Gastrointestinal Lesion in Viral Hepatitis.Marcel E. Conrad, Roberta S. Hartman, Ph.D., Giovanni Astaldi, M.D.Marcel E. ConradSearch for more papers by this author, Roberta S. Hartman, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Giovanni Astaldi, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-723_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTwenty-five servicemen hospitalized in Korea with infectious hepatitis underwent repeated biopsy of the small intestine. Each volunteer was jaundiced and had clinical, laboratory, and liver biopsy evidence of viral hepatitis. Intestinal biopsies were obtained with Crosby intraluminal biopsy capsules and the specimens were prepared for both light and electron microscopy. During the early icteric stage of hepatitis, duodenal and jejunal biopsies showed shortened and club-shaped villi. There were increased numbers of goblet cells lining the mucosa with round-cell infiltration of the submucosa. When the illness was severe with a prolonged clinical course the mucosal surface was flattened with almost complete... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Marcel E. Conrad; Roberta S. Hartman, Ph.D.; Giovanni Astaldi, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLupus erythematodes disseminatusActive chronic hepatitisConjoint clinic on infectious hepatitisMast cells in the normal human jejunum: A comparison with specimens obtained during infectious hepatitisViral Hepatitis in Korea: Clinical Observations and Studies Performed during Prospective Studies to Obtain Specimens for Virologic Culture 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 723-723KeywordsBiopsyCellsClinical laboratoriesElectron microscopyHepatitisInfectious hepatitisLesionsLiverMucous membranesSmall intestine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4224: A quick and easy way of assembling TALE/TALEN modules for genetic modifications in mammalian cells .
Authors: Juan Zhang, Yin-Yuan Mo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are a family of virulence factors produced by plant bacterial pathogens, and they are able to regulate expression of specific host genes by binding to the corresponding promoter regions in a sequence-specific manner. The transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) is made by fusing a nuclease to the DNA binding modules of TALE, which would allow for generation of DNA deletions, knockouts or knockins. Since their discovery, genes from different organisms have been successfully targeted using designer TALEs through assembling sequence specific modules, which is a critical step to make TALE/TALEN vectors. However, current methods of assembling DNA binding modules, such as the golden-gate ligation, are still time consuming and labor intensive. Moreover, they are also technically challenging. In the present study, we adopted a single step approach to assemble TALE modules. For proof of principle, we used p53 binding site (Tgacttgcatgtacatgcc) derived from the lncRNA-RoR promoter for proof of principle. First, we designed four gBlock DNA oligos which carried 30 bp overlapping between two adjacent oligos. Then, we linked them together by PCR and subsequently directly cloned into an expression vector which carries two flanking TALE sequences. To determine the function of this construct, we generated a reporter vector carrying this p53 binding site and mCherry and showed that this newly made construct was able to activate the mCherry reporter. Experiments are underway to test if the p53 specific TALE is able to activate the endogenous lncRNA-RoR. Citation Format: Juan Zhang, Yin-Yuan Mo. A quick and easy way of assembling TALE/TALEN modules for genetic modifications in mammalian cells . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4224. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4224
John's Room
Authors: M. Wyrebek
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cyanide evades some noses, overpowers others
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In crimes such as the recent mass murder by use of adulterated Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules, the best form of detection is sometimes olfaction. A pathologist or other sleuth with the genetically acquired ability to smell cyanide can literally "sniff out" a death resulting from this quick-acting poison—at least as soon as the body is open and he gets a whiff of the gastric contents or tissues that contain the toxin. But approximately 40% to 60% of the populace is not so lucky. One pathologist in the Cook County, Ill, Medical Examiner's Office who was involved with the recent investigation of Tylenol poisonings told<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS that he could not detect cyanide even if it were life threatening. "At a very high level, I might smell a slightly pungent odor, but nothing that I would necessarily notice," he remarked. The odor is classically described as resembling the smell of bitter
Foreign Body in Rectum
Authors: Cyril T.M. Cameron
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Different types of bottles have been removed from the rectum on numerous occasions. The following case is reported because of the discovery of the attempted method of removal. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 42-year-old man came to a hospital in Ponce, Puerto Rico, complaining of severe pain in his left shoulder of recent and sudden onset. No other symptoms were elicited, and the patient gave no history suggesting a reason for his complaint. The temperature, taken orally, was normal. The pulse rate was 66 beats per minute, and the blood pressure was 120/70 mm Hg. After he stripped to the waist, examination showed the left shoulder to be normal. The lungs were clear and the heart was clinically normal. Luckily, the examining physician palpated the patient's abdomen and found considerable tenderness in the left lower quadrant, although bowel sounds were normal. When the patient placed himself for
Abstract 2691: Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 90 expression in patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Hideaki Dote, Rieko Nishimura, Tamami Yamamoto, Haruo Iguchi, Isao Nozaki, Shinji Hato, Takaya Kobatake, Kouzi Ohta, Kenjiro Aogi, Yoshiro Kubo, Minoru Tanada, Akira Kurita
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a chaperone mediating the folding and stabilization of many oncoproteins. Considerable attention has been focused on the role of the HSP90 in the therapeutic strategy of molecular targeting HSP90. Recently it has reported that Trastuzumab, a recombinant monoclonal antibody against HER2, plus chemotherapy improved survival in HER2-positive gastric cancer patients. This study was designed to delineate the clinical implications of Hsp90 and HER2 immunoexpression in advanced gastric cancer. Material and Methods: The study group comprised 47 patients who underwent gastrectomy at Shikoku Cancer Center Hospital excluding patients with stage I. According to the TNM classification, 18 tumors were identified as being stage II, 25 stage III, 4 stage IV. Using immunohistochemical techniques, we analyzed the expressions of HSP90 and HER2 on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of surgically removed primary tumors. Immunostaining was graded as follows: low-HSP90 (defined as weaker staining compared with adjacent normal gastric mucosa), moderate-HSP90 (defined as equal), high-HSP90 (defined as stronger). HER2 expression was graded using a 4-point scale according to the criteria of HER2 membranous staining, which have been widely accepted. Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: Low-HSP90 expression was found in 13 tumors (28%) and HER2 high-expression (moderate to strong membrane staining in &amp;gt; 10% of tumor cells) in 13 tumors (28%). Low-HSP90 was significantly detected in diffuse type (p = 0.0047) and was associated with clinicopathological parameters involved with tumor progression, including the depth of tumor invasion (p = 0.049) and advanced stage tumor (p = 0.029). Of note, High-HSP90 and HER2 overexpression (3+) were mutually exclusive (P=0.031). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis determined that tumors with low-HSP90 expression were statistically associated with worse disease-free survival (p = 0.036), and tended to detect poor postoperative survival (p = 0.084). Multivariate survival analysis showed that HSP90-negative expression [hazard ratio (HR) 3.05, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.02-9.18; p = 0.046] and lymph node metastasis (HR 5.55; 95% CI 1.68-18.2; p = 0.005) were significant predictors of poor postoperative survival. Conclusions: Our results indicate that low-HSP90 expression correlated with more aggressive disease and poor prognosis, and that HSP90 and HER2 overexpression might separately be molecular targets in gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2691.
Chronik der Kinderheilkunde
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The history of pediatrics is here taken up from a variety of viewpoints. In part, the volume presents a narrative, by temporal eras and geographical location, but in part it analyzes particular topics. Probably the most interesting portions are those chapters which take up from the historical standpoint the social aspects of pediatrics and the social attitudes toward Children— such as the exposure of infants as a form of population control, the origin of children's hospitals, the care of defective children, various economic and public health problems, including child labor, and the problems of raising and educating children. Then there is a fairly systematic but relatively brief coverage of specifically pediatric topics, particularly various aspects of nutrition, together with brief coverage of numerous specific diseases, particularly the infections. Numerous miscellaneous topics receive casual mention. Encyclopedic in extent and scholarly in tone, the book provides an enormous amount of information, which,
1139-53 The long-term clinical results of a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker (Abciximab: ReoPro®) coated stent in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Weon Kim, Myung Ho Jeong, Young Keun Ahn, Ju Han Kim, Young Joon Hong, Jeong Gwan Cho, Jong Chun Park, Jung Chaee Kang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Small Doses of Intra-arterial 32P in Location of Cerebral Tumours for Biopsy
Authors: L. Symon
Journal: BMJ (1961)

JUN-Scotland Blood Transfusion Service, Dundee, where the ABO groups of the cells were determined under laboratory conditions. ResultsThe results of the slide agglutinations and of the grouping of the cell suspensions in the laboratory are compared in the accompanying Table .The errors in the reading of the slide tests have been divided into two categories: (1) major errors which would result in an incompatible transfusion-that is, reading agglutination where none should have been present and Comparison of Slide Test with Laboratory Grouping Trial Total
The<i>Journal</i>and Its Owner — Resolving the Crisis
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

This week I succeed Jerome P. Kassirer as editor-in-chief of the Journal. Kassirer's highly successful tenure was cut short after eight years when the Massachusetts Medical Society, which owns and publishes the Journal, decided not to renew his contract. Most observers were baffled by the decision, since the Journal was obviously flourishing under Kassirer's superb leadership. In a joint announcement on July 25, Kassirer and Jack T. Evjy, president of the society, referred only to “honest differences of opinion between Dr. Kassirer and the Medical Society over administrative and publishing issues.”Behind this oblique explanation lay a long-standing struggle . . .
CMR-Verified Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis Is Associated With Diastolic Dysfunction in HFpEF
Authors: Mao-Yuan M. Su, Lian-Yu Lin, Yao-Hui E. Tseng, Chin-Chen Chang, Cho-Kai Wu, Jiunn-Lee Lin, Wen-Yih I. Tseng
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus among San Francisco injection drug users, 1998 to 2000
Authors: Fan-Chen Tseng, Thomas R. O'Brien, Mingdong Zhang, Alex H. Kral, Betty A. Ortiz-Conde, Jennifer Lorvick, Michael P. Busch, Brian R. Edlin
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Previous studies suggest that most injection drug users (IDUs) become infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) soon after initiating drug use. The Urban Health Study (UHS) recruited serial cross-sections of IDUs in the San Francisco Bay area from 1986 to 2005. In the current study, we determined the prevalence of antibody to HCV and HBV (core) among UHS participants during 1998 to 2000. To examine whether the time from onset of injection to acquisition of viral hepatitis has increased, we also compared the findings among recent (&lt;10 years) initiates to drug use who participated during 1998–2000 with those who participated in 1987. Of 2,296 IDUs who participated during 1998–2000, 91.1% had antibody to HCV and 80.5% to HBV. The number of years a person had injected drugs strongly predicted infection with either virus ( P trend &lt; 0.0001). HCV seroprevalence among recent initiates in 1998–2000, by years of injection drug use, was: ≤2, 46.8%; 3 to 5, 72.4%; 6 to 9, 71.3%. By comparison, HCV seroprevalence among 1987 participants was: ≤2 years, 75.9%; 3 to 5, 85.7%; 6 to 9, 91.1% ( P &lt; 0.0001). A consistent pattern was observed for HBV ( P &lt; 0.0001), and these findings were not explained by demographic differences between 1987 and 1998–2000 participants. During 1987, however, 58.7% of recent initiates had shared syringes within the past 30 days compared with 33.6% during 1998–2000 ( P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: HCV and HBV seroprevalence among newer initiates to injection drug use in the San Francisco Bay area decreased markedly between 1987 and 1998–2000. This decrease coincided with the implementation of prevention activities among this population. (Hepatology 2007.)
John Richard Carr Gardham
Authors: J. P. Bolton
Journal: BMJ (2015)

John Richard Carr Gardham was the first child of medical parents. His father, John Gardham, was a consultant surgeon at University College Hospital, and his mother, Audrey, was a general practitioner. His father was away for much of the war, working as a consulting surgeon to the 14th Army and Eastern Command, mainly in Burma. His mother moved out of London to work in a general practice in Surrey, taking Richard and his sister with her. If the intention was to avoid the Blitz it was not entirely successful, as they lived beside a main railway that was a target for German bombs. After the war the family lived in St John’s Wood, and generations of UCH students were entertained at the house in Acacia Road, as, later, were Richard’s student friends from the Middlesex Hospital.

Richard was educated at Winchester College and then went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, to read medicine. His clinical training was at the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, where he won the introductory course prize, and he qualified in 1961. Richard was always going to be a surgeon; surgery was in his DNA, and his personality and character were entirely suited to it. He was serious and deliberate by nature and did not rush into anything. He was thorough in planning and preparation, be it for a committee meeting or a complex surgical procedure. He was a meticulous operator, and his surgical skill was based on an encyclopaedic knowledge of anatomy. Added to these attributes were singleminded application, perseverance, stamina, and a degree of stubbornness, which all contributed to his …