tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiology -- Division or Department?
Authors: Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Until the beginning of the 20th century, the organization of medical schools and hospitals was simple. There were usually four clinical departments representing the traditional disciplines -- medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and pathology. As various specialties developed, with their own training programs, a number of new departments evolved from these ancestral departments. From medicine came radiology, pediatrics, psychiatry, neurology, and dermatology, and from surgery came anesthesiology, orthopedics, ophthalmology, and otolaryngology.As we approach the 21st century, the movement to subdivide medicine and surgery is continuing. In many institutions, divisions of neurosurgery and urology are seeking departmental status (and in . . .
Bone Scintiscan and Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: AZAM ANSARI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 November 1976Bone Scintiscan and Malignant LymphomaAZAM ANSARI, M.D., F.A.C.P., VIRGIL P. LUNDQUIST, M.D., MANOUCHEHR AZAD, M.D.AZAM ANSARI, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, VIRGIL P. LUNDQUIST, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MANOUCHEHR AZAD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-5-684 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent review of bone scintiscanning by Lentle and associates in this journal (1) fails to mention its value in the diagnosis and management of malignant lymphoma.Solitary primary malignant lymphoma involving the vertebral column is rare, but solitary destructive bony lesions of the vertebral column are not uncommon. Clinical and radiologic differential diagnoses are many and can be complex. Bone scanning can be helpful, particularly if features other than just decreased or increased uptake are noted. The following case demonstrates this point.A 70-year-old man complained of sudden onset of severe back pain progressing rapidly to...References1. LENTLEANTHONYPERCY CSJ: Bone scintiscanning updated. Ann Intern Med 84:297-302, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. KAPLAN H: Hodgkins Disease. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1972, pp. 174-200 Google Scholar3. VAN SLYCK E: The bony changes in malignant hematologic disease. Orthop Clin North Am 3:733-744, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GRANGERWHITAKER WR: Hodgkin's disease in bone, with special reference to periosteal reaction. Br J Radiol 40:939-948, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Metropolitan Medical Center Minneapolis, MN 55404 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFever of Unknown Origin in the Elderly: Lymphoma Presenting as Vertebral Compression FracturesKlinik der malignen Lymphome 1 November 1976Volume 85, Issue 5Page: 684-685KeywordsBoneLesionsLower back painLymphomaSpine Issue Published: 1 November 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Tobacco and myocardial infarction: is snuff less dangerous than cigarettes?
Authors: F. Huhtasaari, K. Asplund, V. Lundberg, B. Stegmayr, P. O. Wester
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To estimate the risk of myocardial infarction in snuff users, cigarette smokers, and non-tobacco users in northern Sweden, where using snuff is traditional. DESIGN--Case-control study. SETTING--Northern Sweden. SUBJECTS--All 35-64 year old men who had had a first myocardial infarction and a population based sample of 35-64 year old men who had not had an infarction in the same geographical area. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Tobacco consumption (regular snuff dipping, regular cigarette smoking, non-tobacco use) and risk of acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS--59 of 585 (10%) patients who had a first myocardial infarction and 87 of 589 (15%) randomly selected men without myocardial infarction were non-smokers who used snuff daily. The age adjusted odds ratio for myocardial infarction was 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.62 to 1.29) for exposure to snuff and 1.87 (1.40 to 2.48) for cigarette smoking compared with non-tobacco users, showing an increased risk in smokers but not in snuff dippers. Regular cigarette smokers had a significantly higher risk of myocardial infarction than regular snuff dippers (age adjusted odds ratio 2.09; 1.39 to 3.15). Smoking, but not snuff dipping, predicted myocardial infarction in a multiple logistic regression model that included age and level of education. CONCLUSIONS--In middle aged men snuff dipping is associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction than cigarette smoking.
Physicians' Views of the Massachusetts Health Care Reform Law — A Poll
Authors: Gillian K. SteelFisher, Robert J. Blendon, Tara Sussman, John M. Connolly, John M. Benson, Melissa J. Herrmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In 2006, Massachusetts enacted the country's first law mandating near-universal health care coverage,1 and the state now has the lowest proportion of uninsured residents in the United States. The Massachusetts Division of Health Care Finance and Policy estimated that only 2.7% of state residents remained uninsured as of spring 2009.2 National policymakers have turned to Massachusetts as a potential model for federal health care reform, and reform proposals recently put forward in Congress include elements from the Massachusetts plan, such as the individual mandate to buy insurance, public-program expansions, and a health insurance exchange.Despite the state's low percentage of . . .
Chemical contaminants in breast milk: time trends and regional variability.
Authors: Gina M Solomon, Pilar M Weiss
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Research on environmentally related chemical contaminants in breast milk spans several decades and dozens of countries. The ability to use this research as an environmental indicator is limited because of a lack of consistent protocols. Data on xenobiotics in breast milk are influenced by choices in sample selection, sample pooling, analysis, and reporting. In addition, most studies have focused only on a small panel of persistent organic pollutants, despite indications that a wide range of additional chemical contaminants may also enter breast milk. Despite these limitations, however, it is possible to draw some generalizations. In this paper we review available data on levels of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), metals, and solvents in breast milk. Examples drawn from around the world illustrate the available data and the patterns that have appeared in various areas over time. Over the past few decades, levels of the organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins have declined in breast milk in countries where these chemicals have been banned or otherwise regulated. In contrast, the levels of PBDEs are rising. Regional differences in levels of xenobiotics in breast milk are related to historical and current local use patterns. Diet is a major factor that influences breast milk levels of persistent organic pollutants, with patterns in fish consumption playing a particularly significant role. Improved global breast milk monitoring programs would allow for more consistent data on trends over time, detection of new xenobiotics in breast milk, and identification of disproportionately exposed populations.
PRIMITIVE SURGERY OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
Authors: LEONARD FREEMAN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Two causes of surgical and medical ailments were universally recognized among the early inhabitants of the Americas, one natural and the other supernatural. If the cause was not easily perceived, as was often the case, it was regarded as supernatural. The supernatural diseases were supposed to originate in various ways: by the casting of spells, by contact with some objectionable person or thing, or by the presence of something in the system, such as an evil spirit, a stone, a piece of wood, a worm or an insect. Manifestly, they came just as near to the recognition of bacteria as they could without knowing anything about them. It must not be thought, however, that real causes were not given their due significance, if they made themselves sufficiently apparent, as often happened in surgical lesions at least. The ancient members of our profession were by no means always as childish as
SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC RETROVIRUS TYPE III IN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
Authors: Bijan Safai, JeromeE. Groopman, Mikulas Popovic, Jörg Schüpbach, M.G. Sarngadharan, Kathy Arnett, Ann Sliski, RobertC. Gallo
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Qualifications of Trainers
Authors: M. Scurr, M. Wilks
Journal: BMJ (1975)

woman doctor in question was one of your own editors and the jouTal hierarchy pre- fers iit not to be too widely known that there is now no woman doctor employed at B.M.A.headquarters, though about one-fifth of the profession is composed of women.The B.M.7.dbose to make its only woman doctor redundant in International Women's Year, giving economy as the emouse.One must a4c, was this economy really necessary?Because in 1975 it certainly was not wise.-I am, etc.,
Social Networking Technologies as an Emerging Tool for HIV Prevention
Authors: Sean D. Young, William G. Cumberland, Sung-Jae Lee, Devan Jaganath, Greg Szekeres, Thomas Coates
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Chinese translation Background: Social networking technologies are an emerging tool for HIV prevention. Objective: To determine whether social networking communities can increase HIV testing among African American and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). Design: Randomized, controlled trial with concealed allocation. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01701206) Setting: Online. Patients: 112 MSM based in Los Angeles, more than 85% of whom were African American or Latino. Intervention: Sixteen peer leaders were randomly assigned to deliver information about HIV or general health to participants via Facebook groups over 12 weeks. After participants accepted a request to join the group, participation was voluntary. Group participation and engagement were monitored. Participants could request a free, home-based HIV testing kit and completed questionnaires at baseline and 12-week follow-up. Measurements: Participant acceptance of and engagement in the intervention and social network participation, rates of home-based HIV testing, and sexual risk behaviors. Results: Almost 95% of intervention participants and 73% of control participants voluntarily communicated using the social platform. Twenty-five of 57 intervention participants (44%) requested home-based HIV testing kits compared with 11 of 55 control participants (20%) (difference, 24 percentage points [95% CI, 8 to 41 percentage points]). Nine of the 25 intervention participants (36%) who requested the test took it and mailed it back compared with 2 of the 11 control participants (18%) who requested the test. Retention at study follow-up was more than 93%. Limitation: Only 2 Facebook communities were included for each group. Conclusion: Social networking communities are acceptable and effective tools to increase home-based HIV testing among at-risk populations. Primary Funding Source: National Institute of Mental Health.
Endoscopic Snare Polypectomy for Bleeding Postinflammatory Polyps
Authors: M. Rutter, B. Saunders, A. Emmanuel, A. Price
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

We describe a patient with ulcerative colitis and protracted rectal bleeding who had required several blood transfusions and who was unresponsive to medical therapy, whose symptoms resolved after endoscopic resection of multiple giant postinflammatory polyps. This case report highlights the fact that postinflammatory polyps can occasionally cause significant symptoms, such as rectal bleeding, and that in these circumstances careful endoscopic polypectomy can be performed safely and result in a significant improvement in symptoms over a prolonged period of follow-up.
A randomized, controlled clinical trial of ketoprofen for sickle-cell disease vaso-occlusive crises in adults
Authors: Pablo Bartolucci, Tony El Murr, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Anoosha Habibi, Aline Santin, Bertrand Renaud, Violaine Noël, Marc Michel, Dora Bachir, Frédéric Galactéros, Bertrand Godeau
Journal: Blood (2009)
Significance of fragmented ventricular electrograms observed using intracardiac recording techniques in man.
Authors: H L Waxman, R J Sung
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Recent studies using intracardiac recordings (ICR) have demonstrated that fragmentation of the ventricular electrogram (VE) can be detected in patients with chronic ventricular tachycardia (VT) associated with cardiomyopathy or arteriosclerotic heart disease with ventricular aneurysm.This study suggests that fragmented VE reflects desynchronized local electrical activity related to conduction delay in the ventricular myocardium and may he necessary for the genesis of reentrant VT in man, a finding similar to that observed during experimental myocardial infarction in the canine heart.We studied 17 patients using ICR, five with and 12 without a documented history of VT.Of these 17 patients, two had cardiomyopathy, five arteriosclerotic heart disease (three of five had ventricular aneurysm), five rheumatic heart disease and two congenital heart disease; the remaining three had no apparent heart disease.The left and right VEs were recorded at multiple sites with variable interelectrode distances and filter frequency settings.Fragmented VE could be recorded in the right VE in four patients (23.5%) (one with and three without VT) and in the left VE in all 17 patients (100%) using interelectrode distances of 12 mm or greater and filter frequency settings of 40-500 Hz or less.Furthermore, we observed that (1) incremental atrial pacing could induce progressive prolongation of VE fragmentation without the induction of VT; (2) when VT was induced, it bore no relationship to VE fragmentation; and (3) during VT, interruption of VE fragmentation with ventricular extrastimulation did not terminate VT.These findings suggest that (1) recordings of fragmented VE depend on the ICR location, interelectrode distance and filter frequency setting; (2) fragmentation of the VE can be observed in patients with and without VT; and (3) fragmentation of the VE may reflect fractionated myocardial potentials, but it may also represent artifacts associated with intracardiac catheter electrode movement during cardiac systole and diastole.Therefore, VE recorded as such should be interpreted with caution in defin- ing the mechanism of VT in man.FRAGMENTATION of the ventricular electrogram has been observed during experimental myocardial in- farction in the canine heart using epicardial, in- tramural and endocardial electrode recordings.'-10Ventricular electrogram fragmentation may reflect desynchronized local electrical activity related to con-
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF IMMUNITY IN TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Max B. Lurie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

1. Mononuclear phagocytes of immunized animals that had ingested tubercle bacilli in vivo and had subsequently been transplanted and grown in the environment of a normal animal continue to inhibit the multiplication of the microorganism in their cytoplasm in the absence of immune body fluids. 2. Mononuclear phagocytes of immunized animals that had ingested tubercle bacilli in vitro in the presence of immune serum inhibit the multiplication of the microorganism in their cytoplasm to a much greater extent than cells of normal animals that had ingested the bacteria in the same medium and had grown in a similar environment. 3. The presence of immune serum during the in vitro ingestion of tubercle bacilli by mononuclear phagocytes of normal animals does not regularly endow them with increased bacteriostatic properties for the microorganism. Whether or not continued sojourn of normal cells in immune body fluids will confer upon them such properties has not been determined. 4. Mononuclear phagocytes of immunized animals that had ingested tubercle bacilli in vitro in a medium of normal serum and had subsequently grown in an environment devoid of immune body fluids inhibit the multiplication of the microorganism in their cytoplasm to a much greater extent than do normal cells under the same conditions. 5. Active tuberculosis confers on the mononuclear phagocytes themselves increased bacteriostatic properties for the tubercle bacillus which are independent of the immune body fluids or of the organ environment in which they grow.
Abnormalities of Serotonin Metabolism and Their Relation to Symptoms in Untreated Celiac Disease
Authors: Nicholas S. Coleman, Stephen Foley, Simon P. Dunlop, Johanna Wheatcroft, Elaine Blackshaw, Alan C. Perkins, Gulzar Singh, Charles A. Marsden, Geoffrey K. Holmes, Robin C. Spiller
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
Textbook of the Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: J. W. T. Patterson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1948)

late deaths, due to renal damage, did occur in animals given large doses of gold sodium thiosulphate even when protected from early death by BAL.BAL is less effective against the lethal action of similar doses of gold sodium thiomalate.However, the retarded growth rate of young rats given a single non-lethal dose of gold sodium thio- sulphate (50 mg. per kilo) is not observed if a single injection of 3-1 mg.BAL is given at the same time as the gold.In these animals the microscopical changes in kidney and liver due to gold were also prevented by BAL.Derek R. Wood.
Coronary gas endarterectomy. Procedure of choice for diffuse coronary artery disease
Authors: M. J. Kaplitt
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Gas endarterectomy has been utilized in 14 patients to secure a complete surgical correction of the totally occluded and diffusely diseased right coronary artery. In ten patients we studied angiographically, patency was demonstrated in nine instances. In five of these patients the reopened right coronary artery was seen to be filling the left coronary tree from many branches now free of disease. It is our impression that coronary gas endarterectomy is the procedure of choice for correction of the diffusely diseased right coronary artery.
Role of Nurses in Daily Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Vani Vijayakumar, Elma G Briscoe, Seham Ali, Theresa Boysen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Scientific Abstracts: Nine Poster Presentations for the 51st Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Chapter of the Society of Nuclear Medicine April 7-9, 2006, Hyatt Regency, Albuquerque, New Mexico http: //www.swcsnm.org: PDF Only
No Turning Back: A Blueprint for Residency Reform
Authors: Timothy B. McCall
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Libby Zion's death<sup>1</sup>has changed residency training forever. The public is outraged that life-and-death decisions are made by residents working 36-hour shifts and 100-hour weeks. The medical community debates the merits of the present system, but the general public overwhelmingly disapproves of it and expects residency reform. Residents, too, are demanding changes. The ill effects on their lives<sup>2-5</sup>are apparent, including depression, chronic exhaustion, dissatisfaction with personal life, substance abuse, cynicism, and marital problems. Increasingly, concern about life-style is leading talented individuals to forgo medical careers. Even prestigious residency programs are having difficulty attracting qualified applicants.<sup>4</sup> Another spur to residency reform is the threat of malpractice liability. The public believes that long working hours and sleep deprivation harm patient care. Hospitals that continue to overwork residents can expect lawsuits alleging that tired residents provided poor care. Teaching hospitals could pay multimillion dollar settlements. Change in residency training
Risk Of Oral Food Challenges In Children - a Prospective Multicenter Study -
Authors: Toshiko Itazawa, Motokazu Nakabayashi, Yasunori Ito, Yoshie Okabe, Yoko S. Adachi, Yuichi Adachi, Komei Ito, Motohiro Ebisawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
California Living II: Not-the-Big-One Had No Effect on Blood Pressure
Authors: Arthur Swislocki
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We report what may be the first instance of ambulatory blood pressure recording during a natural disaster. On October 17, 1989, a severe earthquake of magnitude 7.1 on the Richter Scale devastated the San Francisco Bay region. Before the earthquake, a 73year-old man with a 20-year history of essential hypertension (treated with enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide) and diet-controlled non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had been recruited for participation in a study of a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, quinapril (Accupril, Parke-Davis, Ann Arbor, Mich). The remainder of the medical history, physical examination, and laboratory data were unremarkable; there was no clinical evidence of diabetic neuropathy or thyroid dysfunction. During the course of a 4-week wash-out period, his morning blood pressures in the clinic rose from 130/78 to 190/110 mm Hg. Home blood pressure recording, with a digital sphygmomanometer, showed comparable morning readings. His afternoon readings remained consistently lower, even when
Intussusception Risk after Rotavirus Vaccination in U.S. Infants
Authors: Guilhem Noel, Philippe Minodier, Thierry Merrot
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

To the Editor: Yih et al. (Feb. 6 issue)1 report that a rotavirus vaccine was associated with approximately 1.5 excess cases of intussusception per 100,000 recipients of the first dose among infants in the United States. Changes in temporal trends in the incidence of intussusception have been described in a few studies based on hospitalization data.2–5 This surveillance allows a historical baseline view of the incidence of intussusception. Five-year data from the network of regional emergency departments in southern France included more than 1 million visits by patients younger than 18 years of age. These data showed an increase . . .
SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS TREATED WITH CORTISONE
Authors: Richard P. Lasser
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The clinical entity known variously as subacute nonsuppurative thyroiditis, deQuervain's disease,<sup>1</sup>or pseudotuberculous thyroiditis is characterized by a tender, firm, inflammatory enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting in (1) fever, (2) pain at the site of involvement and referred to either or both ears, (3) pain or difficulty in swallowing, (4) cough due to tracheal irritation, (5) a mildly hypermetabolic state, (6) marked elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and (7) leukocytosis with polymorphonucleosis. This syndrome is readily recognizable and is entirely distinct, both clinically and pathologically, from other nonsuppurative thyroid conditions such as Riedel's struma and Hashimoto's disease.<sup>2</sup> The cause of this inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland is not known, but it may be of viral origin. The pathological picture is that of intense inflammation with marked polymorphonuclear infiltration of the colloid follicles, forming what appear to be tiny miliary abscesses or pseudotubercles. These have been