tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human vascular smooth muscle cells contain functional estrogen receptor.
Authors: R H Karas, B L Patterson, M E Mendelsohn
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The decreased incidence of coronary artery disease observed in postmenopausal women given estrogen (E2) replacement demonstrates an atheroprotective effect of E2 that is generally believed to be mediated by indirect, E2-induced changes in cardiovascular risk factor profiles. We hypothesized that the atheroprotective effect of E2 may be in part mediated by a direct effect of E2 on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Therefore, a series of experiments was performed to determine whether human VSMCs contain a competent E2 receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor known to mediate E2-induced effects in nonvascular cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Ribonuclease protection assays, with a probe derived from the human E2 receptor, were used to demonstrate E2-receptor mRNA in human saphenous vein VSMCs. To show that VSMCs contain E2-receptor protein as well as message, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence studies with a monoclonal anti-E2-receptor antibody were performed, and E2-receptor protein was detected by both methods. Transient transfection assays using a specific E2-responsive reporter system were used next to determine whether the VSMC E2 receptor is capable of E2-induced transcriptional transactivation. Initial studies using mammary artery-derived VSMCs resulted in a 2.4-fold increase in reporter activity in response to 10(-7) mol/L E2. Subsequent studies using saphenous vein VSMCs demonstrated increasing levels of reporter activation as the concentration of E2 was increased from 10(-9) mol/L (1.3-fold increase; SEM, 0.07; P = .05, n = 3) to 10(-7) mol/L (1.6-fold increase; SEM, 0.04; P = .002, n = 6). The specificity of the E2-induced transactivation of the reporter gene was shown by dose-dependent inhibition of transactivation by the pure E2 antagonist ICI 164,384 and by enhancement of the transactivation by simultaneous overexpression of the E2 receptor. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated for the first time that human VSMCs express E2-receptor mRNA and protein and that the E2 receptor in VSMCs is capable of estrogen-dependent gene activation. These data suggest a mechanism by which estrogen may directly alter VSMC function.
Hypertension in Women: What is Really Known?
Authors: Kathryn Anastos, Pamela Charney, Rita A. Charon, Ellen Cohen, Clara Y. Jones, Carola Marte, Deborah M. Swiderski, Mary E. Wheat, Sarah Williams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Purpose: To determine whether there is sufficient information in the medical literature to guide appropriate treatment of hypertensive women. Data Identification: Epidemiologic surveys of hypertension, clinical trials of antihypertensive therapy, and studies of selected adverse effects of antihypertensive agents were identified through a computerized search using MEDLINE and by identifying all studies cited in current medical textbooks as supporting evidence for the guidelines for the treatment of hypertensive individuals. All epidemiologic studies selected were cross-sectional or longitudinal, multicenter, population-based surveys. All clinical trials were large, randomized studies comparing one or more antihypertensive agents with a placebo or nonplacebo control group. Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials were reviewed to assess the quantity and quality of information available regarding important aspects of hypertension in women. Data pertaining to epidemiology, natural history, results of treatment, and two significant side effects of antihypertensive treatment were examined. Results of Data Analysis: The prevalence of hypertension is greater in black women than in black men and is about equal in white women and men. Because women outnumber men in the population, there are more hypertensive women than men. The attributable risk percent (the proportion of end points that could be eliminated by removing hypertension) for cardiovascular complications of hypertension is higher for women than men. Clinical trials show clear benefit of therapy for black women but no clear benefit for white women; some studies suggest that treatment of white women is harmful. Lipid profiles and their relation to ischemic heart disease differ for women and men; there is currently no information on the effects of antihypertensive agents on serum lipids in women. Few data have been published on the frequency of sexual dysfunction in treated hypertensive women. Conclusions: Hypertension in women and its related cardiovascular outcomes are a major public health problem. Clinical trials of antihypertensive therapy do not fully support current guidelines for the treatment of hypertensive women. Research concerning adverse effects of antihypertensive agents has largely excluded women from consideration; further studies are required to guide appropriate treatment.
Abstract 70: Mitochondrial localization of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) induces apoptosis in cancer cells
Authors: JianPing Lu, ZheFeng Hou, Laura K. Beatty, Jehonathan H. Pinthus
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Previous studies by us and others demonstrated tumor suppressive effects of adiponectin, an adipocyte derived hormone. Adiponectin signaling occurs through two distinct membrane receptors; AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. There is paucity of data how their activation leads to tumor suppression. Here we present data indicating localization of AdipoR1 to the mitochondria and its role in apoptosis of cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human kidney (RCC1932) and cervical (HeLa CCL-2) cancer cells as well as human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) were used as models. Full length AdipoR1 and its N-terminal (ligand binding) and C-terminal (intracellular moiety) truncated mutants (mutAdipoR1) ORFs were subcloned into YFP expressing vectors (pEYFP- AdipoR1, pEYFPmutAdipoR1). Cells were seeded onto glass cover slips in multi-well culture plates and transfected with vectors through Lipofectamine-2000 (Invitrogen) method 24 h after seeding. The effect of adiponectin (BioVendor) supplementation was also tested. Immunocytochemistry staining were with MitoTracker labeling or anti-MnSOD (mitochondria), anti-Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1, ER), anti-Reb5, anti-manose-6-phosphatase receptor (M6P, endosome); or anti-Catalase (peroxisome). Images of the cells were collected with DM IRB Deconvolution Microscope (Leica) or Confocal microscope LSM510 (Carl Zeiss). Apoptosis was determined by sub-diploid population detection and or annexin binding using flow cytometry. RESULTS Over-expression of AdipoR1 in the cells induced apoptosis which was further augmented by adiponectin treatment. This was evident only in cells expressing full length AdipoR1. Furthermore, cells expressing mutAdipoR1 had different intracellular distributions with loss of mitochondrial localization of the receptor and pro-apoptotic activity. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report showing that AdipoR1 can be localized in the mitochondria. Adiponectin induce apoptosis in cancer cells through mitochondrial localization related mechanism that requires both ligand and signaling domains of AdipoR1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 70.
Prepregnancy cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of pre-eclampsia: population based cohort study
Authors: Elisabeth Balstad Magnussen, Lars Johan Vatten, Tom Ivar Lund-Nilsen, Kjell Åsmund Salvesen, George Davey Smith, Pål Richard Romundstad
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the effect of cardiovascular risk factors before pregnancy on risk of pre-eclampsia. <b>Design</b> Population based prospective study. <b>Setting</b> Linkage between a Norwegian population based study (Nord-Trøndelag health study, HUNT-2) and Norway9s medical birth registry. <b>Participants</b> 3494 women who gave birth after participating in the Nord-Trøndelag health study at baseline; of whom 133 (3.8%) delivered after a pre-eclamptic pregnancy. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Odds ratio of developing pre-eclampsia. <b>Results</b> After adjustment for smoking; previous pre-eclampsia; parity; maternal age, education, and socioeconomic position; and duration between baseline measurements and delivery, positive associations were found between prepregnancy serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure and risk of pre-eclampsia. The odds ratio of developing pre-eclampsia for women with baseline systolic blood pressures greater than 130 mm Hg (highest fifth) was 7.3 (95% confidence interval 3.1 to 17.2) compared with women with systolic blood pressures less than 111 mm Hg (lowest fifth). Similar results were found for nulliparous and parous women. Women who used oral contraceptives at baseline had half the risk of pre-eclampsia compared with never or former users (0.5, 0.3 to 0.9). <b>Conclusion</b> Women with cardiovascular risk factors may be predisposed to pre-eclampsia.
Why Teachers With AIDS Belong in the Classroom
Authors: Alan Trachtenberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —Teachers with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are being barred from the classroom despite overwhelming medical evidence that the ordinary forms of social contact that occur in a classroom cannot transmit human immunodeficiency virus infection ( Am Med News , Oct 23/30,1987, pp 3-4). This deprives such teachers of their civil and human rights. Ironically, it may actually put the students who are kept from such contact at increased rather than decreased risk.  Studies have shown that the major external factor in changing a person's sexual behavior toward a lower-risk profile is the personal knowledge of a person with AIDS. 1,2 However, AIDS is still sufficiently rare in many circles that most students have never known someone with AIDS. As the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic progresses, teenagers will be at increasing risk from the casual sexual experimentation that is prevalent among this age group. 3 Contact in the classroom with
Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency and Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: D. ROBERT WEBB
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

A 43-year-old woman with far-advanced chronic obstructive lung disease had selective IgA deficiency. Twenty-eight members of her large family were studied; IgA deficiency was found in 6, and 7 others had borderline levels. Serum immunoglobulins G, M, and E were normal, as were alpha-1 antitrypsin levels. Clinical emphysema was found in the proband's mother and two brothers. Intermediate inheritance of IgA deficiency in this family is suggested by a history of consanguinity and intermediate levels of IgA in numerous family members; however, several obligate heterozygous individuals have normal levels. A relation between immunoglobulin deficiency and chronic obstructive lung disease would fit the hypothesis of a proteolytic cause for this disease.
Preemptive Epidural Analgesia and Recovery From Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Allan Gottschalk, David S. Smith, David R. Jobes, Sean K. Kennedy, Sara E. Lally, Vicki E. Noble, Kathy F. Grugan, Harry A. Seifert, Albert Cheung, S. Bruce Malkowicz, Brett B. Gutsche, Alan J. Wein
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Preemptive analgesia can decrease the sensitization of the central nervous system that would ordinarily amplify subsequent nociceptive input, but a clear demonstration of its clinical efficacy is necessary for it to become a routine component of acute pain therapy.To determine the impact of preemptive epidural analgesia on postoperative pain and other clinically important outcome variables after radical retropubic prostatectomy.A block randomized double-blind clinical trial lasting 20 months at a single academic medical center.A total of 100 generally healthy and neurologically intact patients scheduled for radical retropubic prostatectomy for the treatment of prostate cancer in whom an epidural catheter for treating postoperative pain was to be placed prior to the induction of general anesthesia.Epidural bupivacaine, epidural fentanyl, or no epidural drug was administered prior to induction of anesthesia and throughout the entire operation, followed by aggressive postoperative epidural analgesia for all patients.Daily pain scores during hospitalization and pain scores obtained 3.5, 5.5, and 9.5 weeks after hospital discharge.The patients who received epidural fentanyl or bupivacaine prior to surgical incision (preemptive analgesia) experienced 33% less pain while hospitalized (P=.007). Pain scores in those receiving preemptive analgesia were significantly lower at 9.5 weeks (P=.02), but were not significantly different at 3.5 or 5.5 weeks. At 9.5 weeks, 32 (86%) of 37 patients receiving preemptive analgesia were pain-free compared with 9 (47%) of 19 control patients (P=.004). Patients receiving preemptive analgesia were more active 3.5 weeks after surgery (P=.01), but not at 5.5 or 9.5 weeks.Even in the presence of aggressive postoperative pain management, preemptive epidural analgesia significantly decreases postoperative pain during hospitalization and long after discharge, and is associated with increased activity levels after discharge.
In search of sick parrots: Karl Friedrich Meyer, disease detective
Authors: Mark Honigsbaum
Journal: The Lancet (2014)

In 1950 Reader's Digest invited Paul De Kruif to pen a tribute to his friend, the Swiss-born veterinarian and bacteriologist Karl Friedrich Meyer. De Kruif had first met Meyer in 1911 shortly after Meyer's arrival in the USA, and in 1926 when Sinclair Lewis was casting around for a real-life disease detective with which to populate his novel Arrowsmith, it is said that De Kruif suggested Meyer as the model for Gustaf Sondelius, Lewis's Swedish plague-hunter. 2 years later, in 1928, De Kruif, a Dutchman who had worked at the Rockefeller Institute before turning his hand to science writing, hit the publishing jackpot with Microbe Hunters, a history of the "great men" of medical microbiology, so it was only natural that Reader's Digest should ask him to pen a similar panegyric to Meyer.
Letter: Amoxycillin, talampicillin, and ampicillin.
Authors: I W Grant
Journal: BMJ (1976)

investigated 30 fatal cases in which we are convinced that dextropropoxyphene played the major part in the death.All these patients had taken Distalgesic tablets, some with suicidal intent and many in association with alcohol.The combined cerebral depressant effect of dextropropoxyphene and alcohol seems particularly hazardous, although all the victims had apparently ingested the analgesic in doses exceeding the therapeutic range.It appears to us from the absence of published material in Britain that the problem has not yet been fully recognised, although recent information, not at variance with our own experience, is now reaching us from the USA.2We are at present in the process of collating our detailed results for publication, but feel that the time is opportune to highlight what we feel is an increasingly serious problem.
Excision of a Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Solitary Kidney
Authors: Thomas F. Kaiser
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A renal cell carcinoma in the midportion of a solitary kidney was successfully excised in a 42-year-old woman. Selective renal angiography was invaluable in preoperative planning. Mannitol, administered intravenously, was given during surgery to prevent postoperative renal failure following temporary renal artery occlusion.
Mechanisms of ischemic ST-segment displacement. Evaluation by direct current recordings.
Authors: G M Vincent, J A Abildskov, M J Burgess
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The electrophysiologic basis of ischemic ST-segment displacement was investigated in 40 open chest dogs.Epicardial and subendocardial electrograms were recorded with direct current coupled amplifiers during partial and complete coronary artery occlu- sion.The time course and magnitude of DC potential changes, and the effects on the DC potentials of heart rate and subendocardial ischemia were investigated.TQ segment depression, representing loss of resting membrane potential, was found to be the consistent and most specific mechanism of "ST displacement" due to ischemia.True ST-segment displace- ment, due to alterations of phase 2 of the transmembrane action potential, occurred less frequently, and was not specific for ischemia.The DC potential changes were similar in both subendocardial and ST-SEGMENT DISPLACEMENT, one of the most useful signs of acute ischemic heart disease, has at least two major possible physiologic mechanisms: localized loss of resting membrane potential and alteration of the transmembrane action potential waveform or time of onset of the action potentials.' Action potential waveform changes resulting in ST displacement include alterations in the duration, amplitude, and slope of phase 2. The time of onset of the ac- tion potential may be altered by conduction abnormalities which result in delayed activation and therefore delayed repolarization.Previous studies investigating the relative frequency anid magnitude of these two mechanisms have produced conflicting results."''These variable results, plus the increased interest in the use of ST-segment displacement brought about by precordial ST-segment mapping, and body surface isopotential mapping, indicate that further elucida- tion of the underlying physiologic mechanisms is needed.In the standard electrocardiogram, using capacitor
A comparison of unipolar and bipolar electrograms for cardiac pacemaker sensing.
Authors: V DeCaprio, P Hurzeler, S Furman
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Simultaneous unipolar and bipolar electrograms were recorded and compared from 49 pacemaker patients with bipolar endocardial electrodes. Average bipolar depolarization signal voltage equalled that of unipolar but showed greater variation. Bipolar and unipolar slew rates were equal in both mean and variance. The proximal pole voltage had little effect on the bipolar result in 8% of the cases, tended to cancel the tip voltage in 49% of the cases and augmented the tip voltage in 43% of the electrograms. The average bipolar R wave duration was 28% less, the T wave amplitude 34% less, and the ST-segment elevation 37% less than the unipolar values. By consistently attenuating the undersirable T waves and ST elevations, while leaving the depolarization signal unaffected, the bipolar electrode offered the advantage of a superior signal-to-noise ratio for sensing depolarization. In one case, however, the bipolar signal was so small as to cause a clinical sensing failure.
The Changing Relationship of Obesity and Disability, 1988-2004
Authors: Dawn E. Alley, Virginia W. Chang
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Recent studies suggest that the obese population may have been growing healthier since the 1960s, as indicated by a decrease in mortality and cardiovascular risk factors. However, whether these improvements have conferred decreased risk for disability is unknown. The obese population may be living longer with better-controlled risk factors but paradoxically experiencing more disability.To determine whether the association between obesity and disability has changed over time.Adults aged 60 years and older (N = 9928) with measured body mass index from 2 waves of the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III [1988-1994] and NHANES 1999-2004).Reports of much difficulty or inability to perform tasks in 2 disability domains: functional limitations (walking one-fourth mile, walking up 10 steps, stooping, lifting 10 lb, walking between rooms, and standing from an armless chair) and activities of daily living (ADL) limitations (transferring, eating, and dressing).Among obese individuals, the prevalence of functional impairment increased 5.4% (from 36.8%-42.2%; P = .03) between the 2 surveys, and ADL impairment did not change. At time 1 (1988-1994), the odds of functional impairment for obese individuals were 1.78 times greater than for normal-weight individuals (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47-2.16). At time 2 (1999-2004), this odds ratio increased to 2.75 (95% CI, 2.39-3.17), because the odds of functional impairment increased by 43% (OR 1.43; 95% CI, 1.18-1.75) among obese individuals during this period, but did not change among nonobese individuals. With respect to ADL impairment, odds for obese individuals were not significantly greater than for individuals with normal weight (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.92-1.88) at time 1, but increased to 2.05 (95% CI, 1.45-2.88) at time 2. This was because the odds of ADL impairment did not change for obese individuals but decreased by 34% among nonobese individuals (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50-0.88).Recent cardiovascular improvements have not been accompanied by reduced disability within the obese older population. Rather, obese participants surveyed during 1999-2004 were more likely to report functional impairments than obese participants surveyed during 1988-1994, and reductions in ADL impairment observed for nonobese older individuals did not occur in those who were obese. Over time, declines in obesity-related mortality, along with a younger age at onset of obesity, could lead to an increased burden of disability within the obese older population.
Engaging Medical Librarians to Improve the Quality of Review Articles
Authors: Melissa L. Rethlefsen, M. Hassan Murad, Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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Lymphomas are sensitive to perforin-dependent cytotoxic pathways despite expression of PI-9 and overexpression of bcl-2
Authors: Robert Godal, Ulrich Keilholz, Lutz Uharek, Anne Letsch, Anne Marie Asemissen, Antonia Busse, Il-Kang Na, Eckhard Thiel, Carmen Scheibenbogen
Journal: Blood (2005)