tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Outcomes of Eligible Nonenrolled Patients in a Mechanical Ventilation Trial of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Yaseen M. Arabi, Deborah J. Cook, Qi Zhou, Orla Smith, Lori Hand, Alexis F. Turgeon, Andrea Matte, Sangeeta Mehta, Russell Graham, Kristin Brierley, Neill K. J. Adhikari, Maureen O. Meade, Niall D. Ferguson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: Patients eligible for randomized controlled trials may not be enrolled for various reasons. Nonenrollment may affect study generalizability and lengthen the time required for trial completion.Objectives: To describe characteristics and outcomes of eligible nonenrolled (ENE) patients in a multicenter trial of mechanical ventilation strategies.Methods: Within the OSCILLATE trial of high-frequency oscillation (HFO) versus conventional ventilation (CV) in adults with adult respiratory distress syndrome, and with approval from research ethics boards, we collected a minimal dataset on patients who satisfied eligibility criteria but were not enrolled. We categorized ENE patients as ENE-HFO and ENE-CV based on receipt of HFO at any time. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between ENE status and mortality.Measurements and Main Results: A total of 548 patients were randomized, and 546 were ENE. The most common reasons for ENE were no consent (42%), physician refusal (24%), missed randomization window (15%), and current HFO use (14%). Compared with randomized patients in respective arms of the trial, ENE-HFO patients were younger and had worse lung injury, whereas ENE-CV patients had lower illness severity. ENE status was independently associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.84; P = 0.02), with no significant interaction with ventilation treatment group.Conclusions: Nonenrollment was common, with approximately one ENE patient for every randomized patient. Our study suggests that enrollment in trials of mechanical ventilation may be associated with improved outcomes compared with standard care and highlights the need for prospective tracking and transparent reporting of ENE patients as part of trial management.
Reports of St. Andrews Institute of Clinical Research, St. Andrews, Fife.
Authors: E. H. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1922)

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A family study of DSM-III-R schizoaffective disorder, depressive type, compared with schizophrenia and psychotic and nonpsychotic major depression
Authors: M Maj, F Starace, R Pirozzi
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

To assess the validity of DSM-III-R schizoaffective disorder, the authors explored the morbid risks for schizophrenia and major affective disorders in the first-degree relatives of patients with schizoaffective disorder and relevant other diagnoses.In addition to patients with DSM-III-R schizoaffective disorder, depressive type (N = 21), the probands included patients with mood-incongruent psychotic depression (N = 22), mood-congruent psychotic depression (N = 19), nonpsychotic depression (N = 27), or schizophrenia (N = 28) and normal subjects (N = 18). The patients were consecutively recruited from the outpatient facilities of a university psychiatry department; the normal subjects were students and nurses. All probands were directly interviewed, with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia--Lifetime Version (SADS-L), by a psychiatrist blind to information about relatives. Consenting relatives were directly interviewed, with the SADS-L, by two psychiatrists blind to the probands' diagnoses. The direct interview was supplemented--or replaced, when an interview was not possible (24%)--by family history data from all available sources. Morbid risks in relatives were calculated according to the Weinberg method.The relatives of the schizoaffective patients had almost the same risk for schizophrenia as the relatives of the schizophrenic patients. In the relatives of the patients mood-incongruent psychotic depression, the morbid risk for major affective disorders was about one-half that of the relatives of the patients with mood-congruent psychotic depression and one-third that of the relatives of the patients with nonpsychotic depression, but these differences did not reach statistical significance.These results suggest that DSM-III-R schizoaffective disorder is close to schizophrenia and largely corresponds to mainly schizophrenic schizoaffective disorder in the Research Diagnostic Criteria, whereas DSM-III-R mood-incongruent psychotic depression is probably quite heterogeneous and should be studied further.
Psychological and interpersonal issues in space
Authors: N Kanas
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

As future manned space missions become longer, and as crews become more heterogeneous, psychological and interpersonal factors will take on increasing importance in assuring mission success. On the basis of a review of more than 60 American and Soviet space simulation studies on Earth, along with reports from U.S. and Soviet space missions, the author identifies nine psychological and seven interpersonal issues, which are discussed along with pertinent research findings and examples from manned spaceflights. He concludes that more psychological and interpersonal research should be done under actual spaceflight conditions and offers suggestions.
Surgical Treatment of Hyperparathyroidism. With an Analysis of 267 Cases.
Authors: Hajo Bruining
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

textabstractIt is generally accepted that for autonomous hyperparathyroidism, whether
primary or tertiary, surgery is still the only suitable method of treatment
available. Analysis of a series of cases treated in t his way over the past
twenty years has shown that there are certain problems associated with the
treatment of this disease that have not yet been solved.
Even experienced surgeons may have difficulty in finding the parathyroid
glands when the localization or number is abnormal. The histological differentiation
between nodular hyperplastic, and adenomatous parathyroid
tissue may be extremely difficult, sometimes even impossible. It is just this
difference that might determine the amount of resection and the postoperative
course. Furthermore, in some cases it is exceedingly difficult for
the surgeon to judge whether a parathyroid is of normal size and has a
normal appearance. Lastly, the etiology of primary hyperparathyroidism
is still unknown.
In the present work the findings in 267 patients treated surgically between
1950 and 1970 are discussed and evaluated in relation to the data in
the literature. Special attention is paid to the etiology of the disease, the
histological picture, and the surgical technique. The symptomatology,
diagnosis, and biochemical changes will only be mentioned briefly, since
the problems associated with them are so numerous that they deserve
separate treatment. A thesis on these subjects is in preparation in Leiden.
Because the prognosis of associated disease, especially the renal, is the
more favourable the earlier the diagnosis is made, some principles are given
to promote earlier consideration of the diagnosis hyperparathyroidism in
cases with few symptoms.
The data of 267 patients who underwent an operation between 1950 and
1970 under the probability diagnosis hyperparathyroidism are discussed.
These patients were treated in the Leiden University Hospital, the Leiden
Diaconess Hospital, or the Rotterdam University Hospital. In 255 of t hese
cases the diagnosis was confirmed at surgery and histologically.
Abstract 621: Increased Recruitment of Embryonic EPCs in a Chronic Ischemic Hindlimb Model by Transient p65-Overexpresssion
Authors: Achim Pfosser, Iris Pfisterer, Melanie Dietz, Martina Boettcher, Claudia Dinges, Andrea Fritz, Mark Thalgott, Antonis Hatzopoulos, Peter Boekstegers, Christian Kupatt
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Therapeutic neovascularization can be achieved by vascular growth factors or by mobilisation or exogenous application of endothelial progenitor cells. Murine embryonal EPCs (tie-2+, c-kit+, Sca-1+, CD34-, flk-1 low) are capable of inducing therapeutic angiogenesis in a chronic hindlimb model (rabbit). In the present study, we aimed at modulation of eEPC recruitment to the ischemic tissue by overexpression of p65, an NF κB subunit. Transient p65 overexpresssion induced E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In contrast, stable p65-transfected eEPCs displayed no effect on ICAM-1- and VCAM-1-expression and only a marginal increase in E-selectin expression. Methods: 7 days after femoral artery excision, 5x106 eEPCs (wild type=wt, p65 transient=p65t, p65 stable=p65s, n=5/group) were retroinfused into the anterior tibial vein. Recruitment of diI-labeled eEPCs in the ischemic gastrocnemic muscle was investigated 2 days after retroinfusion of wt-, p65t- and p65s-eEPCs. At d7 and 35 angiography of both hindlimbs was perfo...
Self-destructive behavior in battered children
Authors: Arthur H. Green
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

Fifty-nine physically abused children demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of self-destructive behavior than two control groups of nonabused children, one neglected and one normal. The self-destructive behavior, including suicide attempts and self-mutilation, was potentiated by interrelated variables operating in the abused child and his environment. Often enhanced by the ego deficits and impaired impulse control of the abused children, this behavior seemed to represent a learned pattern originating in early traumatic experiences with hostile primary objects.
Abstract 17733: Abnormalities in Left Atrial Structure and Function in the General Population
Authors: Sachin Gupta, Susan A Matulevicius, Colby R Ayers, Jarett D Berry, Parag C Patel, David W Markham, Benjamin D Levine, Kelly M Chin, James A de Lemos, Ronald M Peshock, Mark H Drazner
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Abnormalities in left atrial (LA) structure and function may be important cardiac traits. We determined the prevalence of increased LA end diastolic volume (EDV) or low LA emptying frac...
Abstract 17890: High-Sensitivity Troponin-T Predicts Elevated Fibrosis Markers in Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years with Heart Failure
Authors: Willem J Kop, Christopher R DeFilippi, Eddy Barasch, Stephen L Seliger, Nancy S Jenny, Robert H Christenson, John S Gottdiener
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Purpose:  Myocyte growth and fibroblast hyperplasia are major determinants of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). This study examines whether increases over time in high-sensitive Troponin T (hsTnT) are predictive of elevated fibrosis markers in HF patients and controls.   Methods:  hsTnT was measured at baseline and at 3 years follow-up (Roche Elecsys 2010; lower detection limit 3 pg/mL) in a sub-cohort of the Cardiovascular Health Study (N=353; age=74±6 yrs; 52% women). Fibrosis markers (procollagen type I (PIP), type I collagen telopeptide (CITP), and procollagen type III (PIIINP)) were measured at the 3-year follow-up (101 HF patients, 99 controls with traditional risk factors [hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia] and 153 controls without these factors). Non-parametric correlations (Spearman9s rho) and multivariable linear regression on ln-transformed values were used. Covariates included: demographics, baseline hsTnT, and clinical variables (HF status at follow-up, coronary heart disease, traditional risk factors, creatinine, and presence of major ECG abnormalities). A change (Δ) of ≥20% was used to define a significant increase in hsTnT.   Results:  hsTnT was cross-sectionally associated with CITP (rho=0.34) and PIIINP (rho=0.32) at follow-up (p9s   Conclusions:  Increases in myocyte injury measured by hsTnT may predict interstitial fibrosis, particularly in HF patients. Early detection of increases in hsTnT may identify patients at risk of myocardial fibrosis and heart failure.
Use of Intraaortic Balloon Counterpulsation in Patients Presenting With Cardiogenic Shock: Observations From the GUSTO-I Study fn1fn1This study was funded by grants from Bayer, New York, New York; CIBA-Corning, Medfield, Massachusetts; Genentech, South San Francisco, California; ICI Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, Delaware; and Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Paris, France.
Authors: R.David Anderson, E.Magnus Ohman, David R. Holmes, Jacques Col, Amanda L. Stebbins, Eric R. Bates, Robert J. Stomel, Christopher B. Granger, Eric J. Topol, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Drug points: Ocular damage associated with proton pump inhibitors
Authors: P S Schonhofer, B Werner, U Troger
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objectives: To determine the extent to which plasma antioxidant concentrations in people with habitual low intake of fruit and vegetables respond to increased intakes of these foods.To examine whether advice to increase fruit and vegetables will result in reduction of concentrations of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.Design: Randomised controlled trial in which intervention and control groups were followed up for eight weeks.The intervention group was asked to consume eight servings of fruit and vegetables a day.Setting: Dunedin, New Zealand.Subjects: Eighty seven subjects with normal lipid concentrations who ate three or fewer servings of fruit and vegetables daily.Main outcome measures: Plasma concentrations of vitamin C, retinol, and carotene, tocopherol, lipids, and lipoproteins.Dietary intake assessed with diet records over four days.Results: The mean plasma vitamin C, carotene, and carotene concentrations increased in parallel with increased dietary intake of fruit and vegetables in the intervention group.Concentrations of retinol, tocopherol, lipids, and lipoproteins remained unchanged despite some increase in dietary vitamin E and a small reduction in saturated fat intake.Conclusions: Following a recommendation to increase fruit and vegetable consumption produces change in plasma concentrations of vitamin C, carotene, and carotene likely to reduce incidence of cancer.More specific dietary advice to modify fat intake may be necessary to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease mediated by lipoprotein and vitamin E.
FoxO Transcription Factors Support Oxidative Stress Resistance in Human Chondrocytes
Authors: Yukio Akasaki, Oscar Alvarez‐Garcia, Masahiko Saito, Beatriz Caramés, Yukihide Iwamoto, Martin K. Lotz
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective A major signaling pathway that regulates cellular aging is the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1)/phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/FoxO transcription factor axis. We previously observed that FoxO transcription factors are dysregulated in aged and OA cartilage. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of down‐regulated FoxO transcription factors on chondrocytes. Methods Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting FOXO1 (siFOXO1) and FOXO3 (siFOXO3) were transfected into human articular chondrocytes. Cell viability following treatment with the oxidant tert ‐butyl‐hydroperoxide (tBHP) was measured by MTT assay. Caspase 3/7 activation and apoptotic cells were examined. Gene and protein expression of antioxidant proteins and autophagy‐related proteins and changes in inflammatory mediators following treatment with interleukin‐1β were assessed. Cells transfected with FOXO plasmids were also analyzed. Results Cell viability was significantly reduced by siFOXO after treatment with tBHP. Apoptosis accompanied by caspase activation was significantly increased in siFOXO‐transfected chondrocytes. Knockdown of FOXO1 and FOXO1+3 resulted in significant reductions in levels of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX‐1), catalase, light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, and sirtuin 1 (SIRT‐1) proteins following treatment with tBHP. In contrast, the constitutive active form of FOXO3 increased cell viability while inducing GPX‐1, Beclin1, and LC3 in response to tBHP. Expression and production of ADAMTS‐4 and chemerin were significantly increased in siFOXO‐transfected chondrocytes. Conclusion Reduced expression of FoxO transcription factors in chondrocytes increased susceptibility to cell death induced by oxidative stress. This was associated with reduced levels of antioxidant proteins and autophagy‐related proteins. Our data provide evidence for a key role of FoxO transcription factors as regulators of chondrocyte oxidative stress resistance and tissue homeostasis.
An Unbiased shRNA Library Screen Identifies Nucleocytoplasmic Transport As a Potential Target For Treatment Of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Jamshid Sorouri Khorashad, Clinton C. Mason, Ira L. Kraft, Kimberly R. Reynolds, Anthony D. Pomicter, Anna M. Eiring, Matthew S. Zabriskie, Anthony J Iovino, William Heaton, Srinivas K. Tantravahi, Michael Kauffman, Sharon Schacham, Alex Chenchik, Kyle Bonneau, Thomas O'Hare, Michael W. Deininger
Journal: Blood (2013)
Cytokine-Release Syndrome in Patients With B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and High Lymphocyte Counts After Treatment With an Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody (Rituximab, IDEC-C2B8)
Authors: U. Winkler, M. Jensen, O. Manzke, H. Schulz, V. Diehl, A. Engert
Journal: Blood (1999)
Abstract 13386: Do Bisphosphonates Slow the Progression of Aortic Stenosis?
Authors: Olcay Aksoy, Akin Cam, Ernesto Ruiz-Rodriguez, Rayan Yousefzai, Penny Houghtaling, Sarah Williams, Samir R Kapadia, Murat E Tuzcu, Brian P Griffin
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Abstract 50: Use of Impella Ventricular Assist Device in Patients with Severe Coronary Artery Disease Presenting with Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Venkatakishore Mukku, Qiangjun Cai, Syed Gilani, Ken Fujise, Alejandro Barbagelata
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Impella is a percutaneously inserted ventricular assist device (VAD). It has been increasingly used in patients with severe heart failure, cardiogenic shock and high risk percutaneous intervention (PCI). However, the use and efficacy of Impella in patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) presenting with cardiac arrest has rarely been reported. Objective: To report our center experience in using Impella VAD in CAD patients presenting with cardiac arrest. Case Reports: From December 2010 to March 2011, three patients with severe CAD presented to our center with cardiac arrest underwent PCI with Impella support (Table 1). Summary: We reported 3 cases of severe CAD presenting with cardiac arrest successfully treated with PCI and Impella support. Our experience demonstrated that Impella VAD may play an adjunctive role in obtaining hemodynamic stability in these high risk patients undergoing PCI. One of the patients was supported to LVAD implantation and the other two had excellent neurological and functional recovery. Our reports suggest an important role of Impella in cardiac arrest population. Earlier Impella implantation after cardiac arrest might provide cardiac support and tissue perfusion until recovery or high risk PCI.
A 1.5 million–base pair inversion polymorphism in families with Williams-Beuren syndrome
Authors: Lucy R. Osborne, Martin Li, Barbara Pober, David Chitayat, Joann Bodurtha, Ariane Mandel, Teresa Costa, Theresa Grebe, Sarah Cox, Lap-Chee Tsui, Stephen W. Scherer
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Abstract 105: Evaluation of a New, Lower Dose for Pediatric Defibrillation with Automated External Defibrillators
Authors: Marc D Berg, Isabelle L Banville, Fred W Chapman, Ronald W Hilwig, Robert G Walker, Richard C Nova, Karl B Kern, Robert A Berg
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Introduction  The new AHA Guidelines recommend a pediatric AED dose for pediatric VF, yet the optimal pediatric dose remains unknown. We have previous reported that biphasic escalating doses of 50–75– 86J were effective at terminating VF, resulted in less post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction, and produced better outcomes than defibrillation with biphasic adult shocks (200–300–360 J). We hypothesized that a 35 J pediatric shock dose (lower, non-escalating) would be safe and effective in the same piglet model of prolonged VF compared with adult doses.   Methods  Following 7 minutes of untreated VF, 24 piglets were randomized to receive either biphasic shocks at 35–35–35 J (Bi35 group) or 50–75– 86 J (Bi50 group) via pediatric-sized pads or adult shocks at 200–300–360 J (Bi200 group) via adult pads. Resuscitation was per pediatric BLS protocol to 20 minutes, then pediatric ALS protocol to 27 minutes. A nonparametric statistical test (Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn correction) was used.   Results  Piglets (19±3kg) required more Bi35 than Bi200 shocks to terminate the initial VF episode (*p=0.03) and received more shocks overall (7.9±6.3 vs 1.4±0.5, p=0.008). There was no significant difference between the 3 groups in cumulative dose. Animals defibrillated with 35 J had a 10% decrease in LVEF from baseline at 4 hours versus a 32% decrease in piglets receiving the adult dose shock (p=0.14). Survival to 4 hours was nearly equal between the three groups with good neurological outcome in 7/8 Bi35 piglets versus 3/8 Bi200 (p=0.09).   Conclusion  Outcomes were similar for this lower dose and the previously proven 50 J pediatric AED dose. Compared to the adult dose, both attenuated doses tended to be associated with less myocardial dysfunction and better 24-hour outcome. Although this lowest dose required more shocks than the adult dose, our results suggest that this new, lower dose would be safe and effective for pediatric defibrillation.
The "professional cleansing" of nurses
Authors: H. McKenna
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Personal view p 1463

All readers of this editorial will be looked after by a nurse at some time in their lives. For the vast majority the experience will be a pleasant and rewarding one—unlike that outlined by Hamon (p 1463).1 My initial response to her personal view was a series of depressing questions. Why would nurses who have received a rigorous and systematic education be party to such poor quality of care? How could professionals, trained to give high quality of care, allow standards to slide so far? How could nurses go home each evening and be content with what they have done and seen in the name of modern health care? I cannot defend the poor practices reported, but there are explanations.

Nurses make up about 70% of the NHS workforce and cost 50-60% of the total pay bill.2 Unsurprisingly, therefore, some managers question whether cost effective quality can still be assured with fewer permanent registered nurses—indeed, in Britain the NHS Executive has stated that such a strategy could produce substantial savings.3 Similar reports have been produced in the United States, with one study finding that as nursing posts became vacant half were filled with untrained healthcare assistants.4

A look at NHS statistics during the last government's …