tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessing glycaemic control in non-insulin dependent diabetes: acceptability of blood sampling at home.
Authors: A. Tippetts, P. Callaway, B. Leatherdale, D. Rowe
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Results of intravenous tetracosactrin test (500 mg in 500% 5% dextrose) performed when patient was taking dexamethasone 0 5 mg twice daily Plasma cortisol Time concentration (hours) (nmol/l)* 0 75
Targeted Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Hyman B. Muss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Metastatic breast cancer is incurable, so most oncologists favor sequential chemotherapy with one agent at a time over concurrent therapy with multiple agents.1 The use of single agents on a sequential basis can control the growth of metastases and improve the quality of life without a detrimental effect on survival. This conventional practice is about to change as a result of the development of new targeted agents for cancer.2 These targeted therapies — drugs that are specifically designed to block one or more critical pathways involved in cancer-cell growth and metastases — have led to major advances in the treatment . . .
Dietary Sodium and Blood Pressure
Authors: Roland E. Schmieder
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their meta-analysis of RCTs, Midgley et al<sup>1</sup>found a rather disappointing effect of dietary sodium restriction on blood pressure. Based on these findings, the authors question the wisdom of a sodium restriction in the general population and to a lesser extent in the hypertensive population. However, blood pressure is merely a surrogate endpoint that often, but not always, correlates with the real endpoints, ie, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Blood pressure also is an extremely variable measurement that is affected by myriad endogenous and exogenous pathophysiological factors throughout a 24-hour period. A parameter that more consistently reflects the average blood pressure load is LV wall thickness or LV mass. The LV mass has been shown to correlate better with 24-hour blood pressure measurements than with spot measurements and has been clearly identified as a surrogate endpoint for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which are far more meaningful than blood pressure
The Trouble With Disaster Relief
Authors: Sachin D. Shah
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

On Being a Doctor19 April 2011The Trouble With Disaster ReliefSachin D. Shah, MDSachin D. Shah, MDFrom University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-8-201104190-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The devastation caused by the earthquake in Haiti on 12 January 2010 inspired many medical professionals to travel to Haiti in the hope of assisting with relief efforts. The experiences of many of these individuals have been well-documented by local and national media, medical journals, and word of mouth. I traveled to Port-au-Prince in March 2010, just over 2 months after the earthquake, and spent a week helping to staff a field hospital near the airport run by Project Medishare at a point where the acute phase of disaster response had mostly ended. Having worked with nongovernmental organizations in the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637.Corresponding Author: Sachin D. Shah, MD, Section of General Internal Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3051, CLI L332, Chicago, IL 60637. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 April 2011Volume 154, Issue 8Page: 568-569KeywordsChildrenHydrocephalusIntensive care unitsMeaslesMeningitisNeurosurgeryPediatricsSanitationVaccinesVector-borne diseases ePublished: 19 April 2011 Issue Published: 19 April 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Differential protooncogene expression characterizes histopathologically indistinguishable tumors of the peripheral nervous system.
Authors: C J Thiele, C McKeon, T J Triche, R A Ross, C P Reynolds, M A Israel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We have found highly predictable patterns of protooncogene expression in cell lines and tumor tissue of neuroblastoma (NB), a tumor of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These patterns make it possible to recognize two different genetically definable subgroups among histopathologically indistinguishable tumors. Additionally, we have identified a difference in neurotransmitter biosynthetic enzyme activity in these two subgroups of NB. The patterns of protooncogene expression and neurotransmitter biosynthetic enzymes suggests that these tumors arise in different cells of the PNS.
Increased expression of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Authors: MM van den Heuvel-Eibrink, EAC Wiemer, A Prins, JPP Meijerink, PJM Vossebeld, B van der Holt, R Pieters, P Sonneveld
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
Atypical X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Due to Possible Spontaneous Reversion of the Genetic Defect in T Cells
Authors: Volker Stephan, Volker Wahn, Françoise Le Deist, Uta Dirksen, Barbara Bröker, Ingrid Müller-Fleckenstein, Gerd Horneff, Horst Schroten, Alain Fischer, Geneviève de Saint Basile
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency is a recessive hereditary disease characterized by severe and persistent infections starting in the first months of life and associated with diarrhea and failure to thrive.1 Affected infants almost invariably present with an absence of T cells and natural killer cells, normal or elevated B-cell counts, and hypogammaglobulinemia. This disease is rapidly fatal without bone marrow transplantation.2 The disease locus has been mapped to Xq12–13,3 and the genetic defect identified as a mutation of the γ chain of the interleukin-2 receptor,4 which has been cloned and was recently renamed the common γ (γc) chain because of . . .
PROCAIN AND NOVOCAIN IDENTICAL
Authors: Julius Stieglitz
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It appears that in certain quarters the attitude is taken that the local anesthetic sold as procain is not identical with that marketed as novocain. The Subcommittee on Synthetic Drugs of the National Research Council believes it important that this misunderstanding should be corrected and hence offers the following explanation: The monohydrochlorid of para-amino-benzoyldiethyl-amino-ethanol, which was formerly made in Germany by the Farbwerke, vorm. Meister, Lucius and Bruening, Hoechst A. M., and sold under the trademarked name "Novocaine," is now manufactured in the United States. Under the provisions of the Trading with the Enemy Act, the Federal Trade Commission has taken over the patent that gave monopoly for the manufacture and sale of the local anesthetic to the German corporation, and has issued licenses to American concerns for the manufacture of the product. This license makes it a condition that the product first introduced under the proprietary
Autoantigen-Specific Interactions with CD4+ Thymocytes Control Mature Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Cellularity
Authors: Magali Irla, Stéphanie Hugues, Jason Gill, Takeshi Nitta, Yu Hikosaka, Ifor R. Williams, François-Xavier Hubert, Hamish S. Scott, Yousuke Takahama, Georg A. Holländer, Walter Reith
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Increased nitric oxide in expired air in patients with Sjögren′s syndrome
Authors: D. Lúdvíksdóttir, C. Janson, M. Högman, B Gudbjörnsson, E. Björnsson, S. Valtýsdóttir, H. Hedenström, P. Venge, G. Boman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Nitric oxide has an important role in the regulation of airway function and can have pro-inflammatory effects. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and respiratory symptoms are common in patients with Sjogren9s syndrome (SS). The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with SS have an increased amount of exhaled NO and whether this NO correlates with respiratory symptoms and BHR. Exhaled NO was measured in 18 patients with SS and 13 normal subjects on three different occasions with intervals of at least 3 days using a chemiluminescence method. Airway responsiveness was assessed with methacholine provocation. Serum levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) were measured. Exhaled NO was significantly higher in patients with SS than in controls (147+/-82 versus 88+/-52 nL x min(-1); mean+/-SD; p=0.041). Exhaled NO was correlated with age (partial r=0.52, p=0.006) and serum HNL (partial r=0.46, p=0.014). There were no significant correlations between exhaled NO and respiratory symptoms, BHR or serum MPO, ECP or EPO. Disease duration was negatively associated with serum MPO (r=-0.47, p=0.043). In patients with SS, a positive correlation was found between symptom score and serum ECP (partial r=0.65, p=0.003) and EPO (partial r=0.62, p=0.004) and a negative correlation with age (partial r=-0.60, p=0.005). In conclusion, elevated levels of exhaled nitric oxide in patients with Sjogren9s syndrome were demonstrated. The mechanism underlying this increase in exhaled nitric oxide in Sjogren9s syndrome is not known.
Revised Risk Estimation and Treatment Stratification of Low- and Intermediate-Risk Neuroblastoma Patients by Integrating Clinical and Molecular Prognostic Markers
Authors: André Oberthuer, Dilafruz Juraeva, Barbara Hero, Ruth Volland, Carolina Sterz, Rene Schmidt, Andreas Faldum, Yvonne Kahlert, Anne Engesser, Shahab Asgharzadeh, Robert Seeger, Miki Ohira, Akira Nakagawara, Paola Scaruffi, Gian Paolo Tonini, Isabelle Janoueix-Lerosey, Olivier Delattre, Gudrun Schleiermacher, Jo Vandesompele, Frank Speleman, Rosa Noguera, Marta Piqueras, Jean Bénard, Alexander Valent, Smadar Avigad, Isaac Yaniv, Richard G. Grundy, Monika Ortmann, Chunxuan Shao, Manfred Schwab, Roland Eils, Thorsten Simon, Jessica Theissen, Frank Berthold, Frank Westermann, Benedikt Brors, Matthias Fischer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: To optimize neuroblastoma treatment stratification, we aimed at developing a novel risk estimation system by integrating gene expression–based classification and established prognostic markers. Experimental Design: Gene expression profiles were generated from 709 neuroblastoma specimens using customized 4 × 44 K microarrays. Classification models were built using 75 tumors with contrasting courses of disease. Validation was performed in an independent test set (n = 634) by Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox regression analyses. Results: The best-performing classifier predicted patient outcome with an accuracy of 0.95 (sensitivity, 0.93; specificity, 0.97) in the validation cohort. The highest potential clinical value of this predictor was observed for current low-risk patients [5-year event-free survival (EFS), 0.84 ± 0.02 vs. 0.29 ± 0.10; 5-year overall survival (OS), 0.99 ± 0.01 vs. 0.76 ± 0.11; both P &amp;lt; 0.001] and intermediate-risk patients (5-year EFS, 0.88 ± 0.06 vs. 0.41 ± 0.10; 5-year OS, 1.0 vs. 0.70 ± 0.09; both P &amp;lt; 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression models for low-risk/intermediate-risk patients, the classifier outperformed risk assessment of the current German trial NB2004 [EFS: hazard ratio (HR), 5.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.20–8.02; OS: HR, 25.54; 95% CI, 8.40–77.66; both P &amp;lt; 0.001]. On the basis of these findings, we propose to integrate the classifier into a revised risk stratification system for low-risk/intermediate-risk patients. According to this system, we identified novel subgroups with poor outcome (5-year EFS, 0.19 ± 0.08; 5-year OS, 0.59 ± 0.1), for whom we propose intensified treatment, and with beneficial outcome (5-year EFS, 0.87 ± 0.05; 5-year OS, 1.0), who may benefit from treatment de-escalation. Conclusions: Combination of gene expression–based classification and established prognostic markers improves risk estimation of patients with low-risk/intermediate-risk neuroblastoma. We propose to implement our revised treatment stratification system in a prospective clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1904–15. ©2014 AACR. See related commentary by Attiyeh and Maris, p. 1782
Depleting Intratumoral CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells via FasL Protein Transfer Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of Adoptive T Cell Transfer
Authors: Aoshuang Chen, Shanrong Liu, David Park, Youmin Kang, Guoxing Zheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

One strategy for improving adoptive therapy is preconditioning the host immune environment by depleting CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) suppressive to antitumor responses. Given that Treg increase, or selectively accumulate, within tumors and are sensitive to FasL-mediated apoptosis, we test here the hypothesis that inducing apoptosis of intratumoral Treg using FasL may improve adoptive T cell therapy. We show that FasL applied intratumorally via protein transfer decreases intratumoral Treg via inducing apoptosis in these cells. Significantly, we show that the use of FasL prior to the infusion of tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells enhances the therapeutic efficacy of adoptive T cell transfer against established tumors, which is mediated by persistent, systemic antitumor immunity. Intratumoral FasL protein transfer also results in neutrophil infiltration of tumor. However, we show that intratumoral immunodepletion of neutrophils does not abolish the effect of FasL on adoptive transfer. Rather, the effect of FasL is completely abolished by cotransfer of Treg, isolated from the tumor-draining lymph nodes. Hence, our study shows for the first time that using FasL to predeplete intratumoral Treg provides a useful means for optimizing adoptive therapy.
Abstract 597: Bacteria targeting and tumor vascular destruction by <i>S. typhimurium</i> A1-R depend on the vascularity of the tumor site
Authors: Fang Liu, Ming Zhao, Lei Zhang, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Our laboratory has previously developed a tumor-targeting double-auxotrophic mutant of S. typhimurium termed A1-1 (Cancer Research 66, 7647-7652, 2006; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 10170-10174, 2007). The A1-R mutant has high tumor virulence but requires leucine and argentine which disables the bacteria from growing in normal tissue. Our previous studies suggested that the rich vascularity of tumors may contribute to bacterial tumor targeting by A1-R. The goal of the present study was to determine the effect of A1-R on the tumors growing at different sites with different vascularity. In this study, we administered A1-R to Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice with tumor growing at three different sites. We observed that tumor location influences the efficacy of targeting of A1-R to the Lewis lung tumor. RFP-expressing Lewis lung cancer cells (1×107 cells/ml) were transplanted subcutaneously in the ear (50 µl), back skin (100 µl), and foot pad (25 µl) of nestin-GFP transgenic nude mice, which selectively express GFP in nascent blood vessels. The tumor-bearing mice were then treated with A1-R bacteria (5×107) via tail-vein injection. Bacteria tumor targeting and vascular damage were evaluated by fluorescence imaging with the Olympus IV100 and OV100 small-animal imaging systems designed for fluorescence imaging. Tumors in the ear had the fastest growth rate and were the most sensitive to bacteria targeting and hemorrhaged severely the day after A1-R injection. Tumors growing in the back were the second most sensitive to bacteria targeting and appeared necrotic 3 days after A1-R injection. Tumors growing in the food pad were the least sensitive to A1-R. Tumor vascularity correlated positively with A1-R targeting with the ear being the most vascular site and the foot pad the least vascular site. The present study suggests that bacteria tumor targeting and hemorrhage of the tumor depend on the vascularity of the tumor site. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 597.
Staphylococcus aureus and intra-nasal mupirocin in patients receiving isotretinoin for acne
Authors: R.E.A. WILLIAMS, V.R. DOHERTY, W. PERKINS, T.C. AITCHISON, R.M. MACKIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Thirty patients commencing isotretinoin for acne were entered into a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effect of pulsed intra-nasal mupirocin ointment on Staphylococcus aureus colonization and isotretinoin-related side-effects. In both mupirocin and placebo groups there was an increase in isolation of S. aureus throughout the period of treatment with isotretinoin from the anterior nares, facial skin and lips. However, these increases were significantly less in the mupirocin-treated group. A high proportion of all patients suffered inflammatory side-effects of isotretinoin such as cheilitis and nasal vestibulitis, with their maximum severities being recorded 2 months after starting isotretinoin. In spite of the smaller increase in S. aureus colonization in the mupirocin-treated group no difference was demonstrated in either the incidence of specific S. aureus infections (e.g. furunculosis) or the prevalence of isotretinoin-related inflammatory side-effects. Furthermore, no relationship between the presence of S. aureus and the severity of inflammatory side-effects was shown. Streptococcus species were isolated on four separate occasions from four different patients during the study but their pathogenicity was unclear. These findings suggest that although pulsed intra-nasal mupirocin produces a significant reduction in isotretinoin-related staphylococcal colonization, its routine use cannot be justified on the basis of clinical benefit.
Abstract 2653: Thermally targeted delivery of an acid-labile derivative of doxorubicin by elastin-like polypeptide
Authors: Leslie Robinson, Felix Kratz, Drazen Raucher
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anthracycline used in the treatment of many types of cancer. It intercalates into the strands of DNA to inhibit the progression of topoisomerase II, stopping the cell from replicating. The side effects, however, are severe and include neutropenia, alopecia, nausea, myelosuppression, and cardiotoxicity. The drug is nonspecific; as a result, high doses are needed to treat cancer cells. These high doses are inadvertently harmful to normal cells. Therefore, there is a need for an efficient drug delivery system in order to deliver doxorubicin to the tumor site. Our lab has developed a macromolecular carrier that can provide this targeted delivery. This elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) is thermally responsive as it remains in solution at physiological temperature and aggregates upon heating at 42 °C. The N-terminus of ELP was modified with three different cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) - Bac, Tat, and SynB1. These peptides are derived from the bactenecin family of antimicrobial peptides, truncated version of the HIV-1 Tat protein, and porcine leukocytes, respectively. This study compared the efficiency of these three CPP-ELP carriers to deliver doxorubicin to the cells. ELP was attached to a hydrazone derivative of doxorubicin (DOXO) by conjugation of a 6-maleimidocaproyl moiety on the drug with a terminal cysteine residue on ELP. This linker allows the drug to be cleaved at acidic pH in the cell. The three CPP-ELP-DOXO conjugates had transition temperatures within the range of 38-42°C. All three carriers of DOXO inhibited MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation 2-fold more at 42 °C than at 37 °C, indicating that the hyperthermia induced phase transition of ELP does increase the local concentration of the drug. Inhibition of cell proliferation may be due to apoptosis, since apoptosis was enhanced 2.3-fold in MCF-7 cells when SynB1-ELP-DOXO aggregation was induced with hyperthermia. CPP-ELP-DOXO accumulated in cells to the same level as free Dox. Confocal imaging showed that when cells were treated with any of the three CPP-ELP-DOXO derivatives, Dox localized in the nucleus, similar to the free Dox. The results suggest that CPP-ELP-DOXO conjugates may provide a means to thermally target solid tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2653.
The Ethics of Patient Care
Authors: William T. Branch
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AN APPROACH TO THE TEACHING OF FAMILY CARE
Authors: M. Alfred Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1960)

In the program here outlined each juniorsenior pair of medical students provides comprehensive medical care to two families. Under the supervision of a health team the student follows these families in health and disease for the entire two years of his clinical training. The program is intended to demonstrate, in a general practice setting, the influence of environmental factors upon health; to encourage the team spirit in the solution of health problems; to introduce the student to the resources in the community; and to demonstrate in practice the integration of preventive and curative medicine.
Cardiovascular assessment I
Authors: M. Belghith, S. Nouira, J. J. Lanore, J. P. Mira, I. Hamy, B. Renaud, F. Brunet, J. Dall’Ava, J. F. Dhainaut, A. T. Lovell, G. C. Hanson, P. Piccinni, M. L. Nolli, A. Tripepi, T. Polamarasetti Rao, L. Meneghetti, L. Rossaro, N. Bassi, U. Tedeschi, P. Boccagni, A. Brolese, P. Burra, G. M. Patrassi, D. F. D’Amico, B. Valtier, F. Jardin, A. de Lassence, D. Brun-Ney, O. Dubourg, J. -P. Bourdarias, A. DeMonte, F. Baigorri, M. Bertolissi, D. Joseph, R. Fernàndez, U. Blanch, A. Artigas, H. W. Kisch, S. Leucht, M. Lichtwarck-Aschoff, G. Zimmermann, U. J. Pfeiffer, G. Blümel
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)