tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapidly fatal acute silicosis among young imitation jewellery workers in india
Authors: Prabodh Panchadhyayee, Kaushik Saha, Anirban Biswas, Arnab Saha, Santanu Ghosh, Rupam Ta, Selim Mallick
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background- Silicosis is the oldest recorded untreatable chronic occupational lung disease. Silicosis usually develops after a prolonged period of silica containing dust exposure and their illness is slowly progressive. We found a group of young adults from Burdwan and adjoining districts, used to work at jewellery polishing industries in Mumbai, contracted acute silicosis. There were silicosis cases from other occupations also with different presentations. Methods- It was a longitudinal observational analytical survival study conducted between 2009 -2012. Total 19 silicosis cases were found in 2009-2010, 8 were jewellery polishers and rest were from other occupations. All of them were regularly followed up, after giving best possible treatment to see the course of their illness. Results- Silicosis among jewellery workers developed after 2.93 ± 1.17 years of exposure to dust, contrary to other workers exposure of 10.27 ± 3.19 years. Affected jewellery workers mean age was 21.25 ±2.60 years while that of other workers 28.36 ±3.61 years. 6 (75%) out of 8 Jewellery workers died during the study period after average 16.5 months of illness, where as other workers had protracted course of illness (28.45 months). Conclusion- silicosis among jewellery polishers is rapidly fatal comparing with other silicosis cases. Concerned authorities must ensure environmental safety norms strictly at those factories.
Neurochemical Changes Following High-Dose Aspartame with Dietary Carbohydrates
Authors: R J Wurtman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

The results of pilot rodent studies with aspartame are discussed. It is suggested that its use as an artificial sweetener for soft drinks may cause human neurochemical changes that could have functional or behavioral consequences. The results show that, if aspartame-containing beverages are consumed with normal dietary carbohydrates, the effect of aspartame on brain composition is enhanced. Carbohydrates cause an insulin-mediated decrease in branched-chain amino acid levels that compete with phenylalanine and tyrosine across the blood-brain barrier. The results of 1 experiment showed that aspartame almost doubled rat brain phenylalanine levels, an effect which redoubled if carbohydrate also was consumed. The aspartame dose used in the study was consistent with the amount of aspartame an 8-year-old child might consume in soft drinks on a hot afternoon. (wz)
One Summer Before the War
Authors: Walt McDonald
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract MP74: Understanding the Higher Diabetes Prevalence in South Asians Compared to Four U.S. Racial/Ethnic Groups: The MASALA and MESA Studies
Authors: Alka M Kanaya, David Herrrington, Kiang Liu, Michael J Blaha, Namratha R Kandula
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: South Asians (SA) have a high prevalence of diabetes (DM) which may be due to differences in insulin resistance (IR) or beta-cell function. We compared the prevalence of DM, IR, and beta cell function between SA and four race/ethnic groups. We also determined whether the association between age and adiposity with IR and beta cell function differed by ethnicty. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of two cohorts aged 44-84 years without CVD: the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We compared 799 SA with 2,611 Whites, 1,879 African Americans (AA), 1,493 Latinos and 801 Chinese Americans (CA). DM was classified by fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL or use of a diabetes medication. Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR and beta cell function by the HOMA-ß model. Spline curves displayed the effect of age and waist with HOMA-IR and HOMA- ß stratified by ethnic group among those not on diabetes medications. Results: SA had significantly higher age-adjusted prevalence of DM (23%) compared to each MESA group (6% Whites; 18% AA; 17% Latino; 13% CA, p&lt;0.001 each compared to SA), which were further enhanced after adjusting for all covariates of DM. Median HOMA-IR was higher and HOMA-β was lower in SA compared to other groups. Patterns of insulin resistance and ß cell function with age and waist circumference differed by ethnic group (Figure). SA had higher HOMA-IR to age 65, and lower HOMA-ß across the all ages compared to other groups. SA had higher HOMA-IR and lower HOMA-β after adjusting for waist circumference compared to other groups. Conclusions: There are ethnic differences in IR and beta cell that vary by age and adiposity. South Asians may have lower innate beta cell function and an inability to compensate adequately for high levels of IR with increasing adiposity. Longitudinal follow-up can assess whether IR and beta cell function explain the higher diabetes rates in South Asians.
Abstract 42: TRPM7 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and correlates with tumor metastasis
Authors: Jian-Peng Chen, Guiqin Sun, Wei-Bo Wang, Cai-Xia Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate prognostic significance of TRPM7 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate the association of TRPM7 with tumor invasion and metastasis. Immunohistochemical staining for TRPM7 was carried out on paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 206 NPC patients. The data was subjected to statistical analysis with respect to clinicopathological variables and survival. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to assess the expression of TRPM7 in NPC cells. Small interfering RNA and construct transfection were used to knockdown and improve TRPM7 expression in NPC cells. TRPM7 was highly expressed in 102 out of 206 (49.5%) NPC cases. TRPM7 expression was significantly correlated with clinical stage, lymphatic and distant metastasis. The patients who had high TRPM7 expression showed a significantly lower 5 year survival rate than the patients who had low TRPM7 expression. TRPM7 might be an independent prognostic indicator for patient's survival. The cell lines with high metastatic potential expressed more TRPM7 than the cell lines with low metastatic potential. Moreover, the migratory and invasive potential of NPC cells was significantly decreased and increased by TRPM7 knockdown and overexpression. The study indicates that TRPM7 expression is inversely correlated with NPC patient survival and correlated with NPC invasion and metastasis. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Jian-Peng Chen, Guiqin Sun, Wei-Bo Wang, Cai-Xia Wang. TRPM7 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and correlates with tumor metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 42. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-42
Abstract 17575: Carbon Monoxide Intoxication Induced Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Jin-Sun Park, Kyoung-Woo Seo, Byoung-Joo Choi, So-Yeon Choi, Myeong-Ho Yoon, Gyo-Seung Hwang, Seung-Jea Tahk, Joon-Han Shin
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication could cause significant cardiac injury. Cardiac dysfunction after CO intoxication can be presented as various clinical patterns. The echocardiographic findings after CO intoxication are poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical patterns of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction using echocardiography. Methods: One-hundred thirty two CO intoxicated patients (81 males, 46 ± 20 year-old) with CO intoxication were enrolled. Clinical, demographic and laboratory data and transthoracic echocardiographic findings were analyzed. Results: Left ventricular dysfunction developed in 29 patients (15 males, 47 ± 20 year-old). The LV dysfunction group showed higher lactate level (5.8 ± 3.3 vs. 4.1 ± 3.5 mmol/L, p=0.024) and lower base excess (-8.2 ± 6.0 vs. -4.8 ± 4.7 mEq/L, p=0.001) compared with normal LV function group. Among the LV dysfunction group, 3 different echocardiographic patterns were presented (Table). Regional wall motion abnormality (...
Human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies of the IgG1 subtype protect against mucosal simian–human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Timothy W. Baba, Vladimir Liska, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Josef Vlasak, Weidong Xu, Seyoum Ayehunie, Lisa A. Cavacini, Marshall R. Posner, Hermann Katinger, Gabriela Stiegler, Bruce J. Bernacky, Tahir A. Rizvi, Russell Schmidt, Lori R. Hill, Michale E. Keeling, Yichen Lu, Joel E. Wright, Ting-Chao Chou, Ruth M. Ruprecht
Journal: Nature Medicine (2000)
Abstract 20483: Outcomes in Stable Patients With Prior Atherothrombosis Receiving Vorapaxar Who Present With a New Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insights From the TRA2P-TIMI 50 Trial
Authors: Marc P Bonaca, Benjamin M Scirica, Eugene Braunwald, Sabina A Murphy, David A Morrow
Journal: Circulation (2014)

BACKGROUND:  Vorapaxar is a PAR-1 antagonist approved in the United States for reduction of ischemic events in stable patients with history of MI or PAD and no history of stroke or TIA (CVD). Vorapaxar is not recommended for initiation in the acute phase of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) because of an unfavorable balance of bleeding vs. efficacy. We investigated outcomes in stable patients who experienced a new ACS event while receiving vorapaxar vs placebo.   METHODS:  TRA2°P-TIMI 50 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vorapaxar for secondary prevention including 20,170 pts with MI or PAD and no CVD (approval population). The protocol recommended that study drug be continued through all ischemic events and procedures. We evaluated short term rates of ischemic events and bleeding among pts who developed a new ACS (MI or unstable angina) during follow up.   RESULTS:  During a median follow up of 31 months, 799 patients randomized to vorapaxar and 913 to placebo had a new ACS event with 87% on vorapaxar and 86% on placebo continuing on therapy through the event. In a landmark analysis through 7 days after ACS, vorapaxar was associated with lower rates of CVD, MI, or stroke and similar rates of severe bleeding compared to placebo (Figure). GUSTO moderate or severe bleeding was numerically increased with vorapaxar (HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.68 - 2.71, p=0.38). Findings with vorapaxar were consistent at 30 days after ACS for CVD/MI/Stroke (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.54 - 1.21, p=0.30), GUSTO severe bleeding (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.36 - 2.78, p=0.99), and ICH (0 with vorapaxar vs. 1 with placebo).   CONCLUSIONS:  In stable patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease who experience an ACS event while receiving vorapaxar, continuing therapy was associated with favorable efficacy without excess severe bleeding during the period of acute ACS management.  Character Count: 1573 + 1 figure (250) = 1823  (limit 1,950)
Drug points: Postural hypotension induced by paroxetine
Authors: C Andrews, G Pinner
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Antidepressant prescribing in elderly people is influenced by side effects and the patient's physical state.1 The high rate of falls and fractures in this age group may relate to antidepressant induced postural hypotension.2 Tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors may produce postural hypotension,3 so treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is often preferred in older patients. We report a case of …
Histidine Requirement of Infant
Authors: S E SNYDERMAN, A BOYER, E ROITMAN, L E HOLT, P H PROSE
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1522: Direct quantitative PCR of LINE repeats to quantify CFC-DNA in serum
Authors: David Jean Charlot, Megha Bhalla, Raj Krishnan, Gene Tu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Cell free circulating (cfc)-HMW DNA is a proposed diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for malignant tumors. Apoptotic DNA (less than 200 bp) is present in the circulation of normal healthy individuals whereas DNA released from dead cancer cells produces HMW DNA (greater than 400 bp). We developed LINE assay for direct serum/plasma quantitation of cfc-DNA concentration and integrity. LINE (Long Interspersed Elements) is highly conserved repetitive element in human genome with ∼500,000 copies/g.e. These large numbers of copies allow cfc DNA quantitation from small sample volume. Methods: Sera of 15-30 CRC and Lung cancer patients (early and late stage) from retrospective studies, 5 CRC patients (late stage) from prospective studies along with healthy normals were characterized for cfc-DNA quantity and integrity by LINE Assay. All the samples were prescreened for hemolysis by Potassium assay. Quantitative real-time PCR of LINE repeats was performed with 2 sets of primers (less than 200 bp and greater than 400 bp) amplifying different lengths of DNA. We used 10ul serum directly as a template for qPCR without DNA purification. DNA integrity was determined as a ratio of concentration of longer over shorter LINE fragments. Results: LINE Assay has a detection limit of 0.08 pg of DNA. Both CRC and lung cancer patients from Retrospective studies have significantly high HMW DNA concentration and DNA integrity as compared to healthy normals (statistically significant at p-value less than 0.05). ROC curves of HMW DNA for detecting early and late stage CRC and Lung have areas under the curves of greater than 0.80. High concentration of HMW DNA along with high DNA integrity also follows the trend of treatment of CRC patients from prospective studies. Conclusions: LINE Assay is a robust, highly sensitive, and high-throughput method to measure different sizes of cfc-DNA. Our experiments demonstrate that this sizing capability helps to calculate DNA integrity which is a strong indicator for treatment monitoring in prospective studies and cancer staging in solid tumors. The high sensitivity of the LINE assay helps in direct DNA quantitation in serum. Citation Format: David Jean Charlot, Megha Bhalla, Raj Krishnan, Gene Tu. Direct quantitative PCR of LINE repeats to quantify CFC-DNA in serum. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1522. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1522
Relationship of hepatitis C virus infection with diabetes in the U.S. population
Authors: Constance E. Ruhl, Andy Menke, Catherine C. Cowie, James E. Everhart
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

An association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with diabetes has been reported in many studies, but few have been population based and applied standard criteria for diabetes diagnosis. We examined this relationship using recent population-based data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Adult participants (15,128) in the 1999-2010 surveys had data on diabetes status and serum HCV antibody (anti-HCV) or HCV RNA. Using American Diabetes Association criteria, diabetes was defined as a health care provider diagnosis, serum hemoglobin A1C (A1C) ≥6.5%, or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL, prediabetes as A1C 5.7%-<6.5% or FPG 100-<126 mg/dL, and normal glucose as A1C <5.7% and FPG <100 mg/dL. Odds ratios (ORs) for diabetes and prediabetes, comparing persons with HCV infection to those without, were adjusted for demographics, BMI, C-reactive protein, smoking, drinking, and blood transfusion before 1992. Among participants without diabetes, we compared mean insulin resistance (IR), estimated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), by HCV status. The overall prevalence of anti-HCV+ was 1.7%, of HCV RNA(+) 1.1%, of diabetes 10.5%, and of prediabetes 32.8%. The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes did not differ by HCV status. In multivariate-adjusted analysis, diabetes remained unassociated with anti-HCV (OR, 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6-1.7) or with HCV RNA (OR, 1.1; 95% CI: 0.6-1.9). In contrast, elevated alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyltransferase activities were associated with diabetes regardless of HCV status. HOMA-IR was not associated with HCV markers in unadjusted or multivariate-adjusted analyses (P > 0.05). In the U.S. population, HCV was not associated with diabetes or with IR among persons with normal glucose. Previously reported relationships of HCV with diabetes were possibly attributable to the effect of elevated liver enzymes.
Abstract P1-02-10: Contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is a new breast imaging contrast study: A review of indications, protocol, interpretation and pitfalls
Authors: Lydia Liao, Luna Li, Pauline Germaine, Elizabeth Tinney, Kristin Brill, Karen Hendershott
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: This presentation is to discuss the indications, protocol, interpretation and pitfalls of CESM using illustrations of breast malignant and benign cases performed in our institution, after a brief literature review. CESM characteristics for both benign and malignant lesions are defined after comparison to other imaging studies and correlation to final tissue diagnosis. Methods: 1000 CESM cases including 100 breast cancer and 200 benign lesions were retrospectively analyzed. These cases were performed in our institution from October 2012 to March 2014. GE Senographe Essential Full Field Digital System (SenoBright) was utilized for CESM studies. Both low and high energy images were obtained after intravenous 75-100cc Isovue 370 administration at flow rate of 1.5-2cc per second. Both low energy and subtracted images were reviewed on GE Centricity Imagecast on 5 megapigxel monitor. Abnormal CESM lesions underwent further evaluation and tissue sampling for a final diagnosis to determine the presence of breast cancer. Results: CESM is one of the contrast studies. It provides both morphologic and functional information of breast lesions. The sensitivity of CESM for cancer detection was 93-100% per patient in contrast to 95-100% of breast MRI. There are morphological and enhancement features for both malignant and benign lesions on CESM. CESM could pick up lesions when regular digital mammography and ultrasound are negative. CESM is a part of diagnostic study on selected patients. It has a short duration exam time and results are easily accessible. Some CESM artifacts are unique and commonly occurred. Conclusion: CESM is a new breast imaging contrast study. The sensitivity for breast cancer detection is comparable to breast MRI. With its easy accessibility and cost effectiveness, CESM may play an important role in breast cancer detection in conjunct with diagnostic mammography and breast ultrasound. Recognition of CESM artifacts helps to increase diagnostic accuracy. Citation Format: Lydia Liao, Luna Li, Pauline Germaine, Elizabeth Tinney, Kristin Brill, Karen Hendershott. Contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is a new breast imaging contrast study: A review of indications, protocol, interpretation and pitfalls [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-02-10.
The risk of distant metastases and prognosis prediction in early stage squamous cell lung cancer (SqCLC) by means of 3 microRNAs expression assessment
Authors: Marcin Skrzypski, Rafal Dziadziuszko, Amelia Szymanowska, Ewa Jassem, Piotr Czapiewski, Wojciech Biernat, Witold Rzyman, Ryszard Pawlowski, Jacek Jassem
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  About 50% of NSCLC patients (pts) develop distant metastases following surgery. Currently, apart from stage there are no factors to select high risk pts for adjuvant chemotherapy. We previously showed prognostic value of selected microRNAs (miRs) in frozen tissues of SqCLC and the feasibility of their expression assessment in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples (Skrzypski et. al. JCO 28;521s:2010). In this study we validated the prognostic value of the 3-miR signature assessed in the FFPE samples in an independent patient population.   Methods:  FFPE tumor tissue was obtained from 89 stage I-II SqCLC pts. Of those, 40 pts developed distant metastases and 49 had no relapse after a median follow-up of 5.4 years (range, 3.4-8.2 years). Expression of miR-10b, miR-532-3p and miR-192* was analyzed by RT-PCR assays and normalized vs. U6 expression and calibrated by ΔΔCt method. After z-score transformation, the risk score was calculated based on the expression of these 3 miRs.   Results:  The median metastasis-free survival (MFS) was not reached in the low risk group according to 3-miR expression signature, whereas it was 26 months in the high risk group. The 3-miR (10b, 532-3p and 192*) expression signature was significantly related to the MFS (log-rank; p=0.013). With the median of the risk score as a cut-off, the sensitivity for distant relapse prediction was 66% at the specificity of 64%. After exclusion of stage IA pts, the corresponding values were 73% and 69%.   Conclusions:  3-miR expression profile has been successfully validated as a predictor of dissemination in operable early stage squamous cell lung cancer.