tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1-10-06: Racial Disparities in Physical and Functional Domains in Women with Early Breast Cancer
Authors: A Morehead Gee, L Pfalzer, N Stout, E Levy, C McGarvey, B Springer, P Soballe, L. Gerber
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background. There is limited research on the racial/ethnic disparities in breast cancer survivors’ (BCS) physical functioning and quality of life (QOL). Previous studies note that African American (AA) women are typically diagnosed with larger, more aggressive tumors and require more intensitve surgical and adjuvant treatment potentiating higher levels of functional morbidity. Reasons given for these disparities include; genetic predisposition, poor access to screening and cultural norms that may impact a patients willingness to seek screening and early treatment. This analysis compared the QOL and prevalence of physical impairments (including lymphedema, seroma, cording) of white and African-American BCS from a US Military hospital where all patients have coverage and access to health care services. Methods. Data was analyzed from 166 women (130 white and 28 African-American). Participants were assessed preoperatively and examined at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12-24 months post surgery for impairments by a physical therapist. QOL was assessed at 12-24 months post-operation through the Short Form Health Survey (SF36v2). Analysis of variance estimated differences in QOL and occurrences of impairments between white and African-American BCS. Results. African-American BCS: were premenopausal(P&amp;lt;.05), had ER/PR negative tumors(P&amp;lt;.001, P&amp;lt;.05), and received radiation(P&amp;lt;.05). No significant differences were found in type, stage, grade, or size of BC tumor, surgery type, lymph node dissection, or number of lymph nodes sampled. More AA BCS were employed(P&amp;lt;.05) and socially active(P&amp;lt;.05), but less recreationally active(P&amp;lt;.05); there were no significant differences in marital status. More AA BCS had axillary web syndrome(P &amp;lt;.05) and lymphedema(P &amp;lt;.05). No significant differences were found in seroma, fatigue, chestwall pain, shoulder pain, numbness, and self-reported QOL. Conclusions. Results suggest a difference in physical effects of BC treatment on white and AA women; however, contrary to other studies, no differences in QOL were noted. Our cohort demonstrates an interesting trend, in that only ER/PR status differed and other characteristics of the tumor were not different between racial groups. This differs from past reports and may suggest that access to care plays a role in promoting earlier stage diagnosis. However, despite the homogeneity of our cohorts tumor status we found that AA BCS may be at a higher risk for common impairments associated with BC treatment and should be monitored prospectively to mitigate the potential for impairments. Further research should examine effects of BC treatments on women of various ethnicities. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-10-06.
Enhancement of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capability by hypoperfusion in isolated perfused rat heart.
Authors: P C Pelikan, J T Niemann, G Z Xia, G Jagels, J M Criley
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

To define alterations in myocardial mitochondrial function due to hypoperfusion, oxidative phosphorylation was simultaneously studied in 17 control (stable perfusion pressure) rat hearts and 17 hypoperfused isolated rat hearts. Hypoperfusion for 30 minutes was achieved by a reduction in coronary perfusion pressure from 77.8 +/- 1.2 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) to 20.2 +/- 1.8 mm Hg in the experimental group (control perfusion pressure after 30 minutes 75.6 +/- 1.2). Hypoperfusion caused a reduction in left ventricular developed pressure to 20.5 +/- 1.5 mm Hg (versus control 74.8 +/- 3.3, p less than 0.0001), a reduction of coronary flow rate to 4.9 +/- 0.3 ml/min (versus control 19.4 +/- 1.2, p less than 0.0001), and a drop in myocardial oxygen consumption to 0.06 +/- 0.005 ml O2/min (versus control 0.17 +/- 0.01, p less than 0.0001). Myocardial lactate production was increased by hypoperfusion (3.0 +/- 0.6 mumol/min) compared with controls (0.7 +/- 0.5, p less than 0.02), but myocardial creatine kinase release was similar in the hypoperfused and control groups. Hypoperfusion was associated with an augmentation of state 3 mitochondrial respiration with glutamate and malate as respiratory substrates (448.8 +/- 14.0 ng atoms O/min/mg mitochondrial protein versus controls 290.7 +/- 13.4, p less than 0.001). When rates were normalized for mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDHm), state 3 respiration was still increased in hypoperfused hearts (24.1 +/- 2.1 ng atoms O/min/IU MDHm) compared with controls (15.5 +/- 1.6, p less than 0.02). The rates of dinitrophenol-uncoupled electron transport were similar to the rates of state 3 respiration in both the hypoperfused and control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–encoded small RNA is released from EBV-infected cells and activates signaling from toll-like receptor 3
Authors: Dai Iwakiri, Li Zhou, Mrinal Samanta, Misako Matsumoto, Takashi Ebihara, Tsukasa Seya, Shosuke Imai, Mikiya Fujieda, Keisei Kawa, Kenzo Takada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Epstein-Barr virus–encoded small RNA (EBER) is nonpolyadenylated, noncoding RNA that forms stem-loop structure by intermolecular base-pairing, giving rise to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)–like molecules, and exists abundantly in EBV-infected cells. Here, we report that EBER induces signaling from the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), which is a sensor of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and induces type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines. A substantial amount of EBER, which was sufficient to induce signaling from TLR3, was released from EBV-infected cells, and the majority of the released EBER existed as a complex with a cellular EBER-binding protein La, suggesting that EBER was released from the cells by active secretion of La. Sera from patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV), and EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH), whose general symptoms are caused by proinflammatory cytokines contained EBER, and addition of RNA purified from the sera into culture medium induced signaling from TLR3 in EBV-transformed lymphocytes and peripheral mononuclear cells. Furthermore, DCs treated with EBER showed mature phenotype and antigen presentation capacity. These findings suggest that EBER, which is released from EBV-infected cells, is responsible for immune activation by EBV, inducing type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines. EBER-induced activation of innate immunity would account for immunopathologic diseases caused by active EBV infection.
THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE IMMEDIATE TELLURITE TEST FOR DIPHTHERIA
Authors: HOWARD R. BIERMAN
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Since a specific antitoxin for the treatment of diphtheria has become available and since its efficacy depends in large part on the promptness of its administration, it is imperative to diagnose the disease as quickly as possible. Although Loffler's medium was successfully devised for rapid culture of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, incubation for from eight to twelve hours is required before a diagnosis can be made. The addition of calcium tellurite to the culture medium by Conradi and Troch in 19121was a step toward a more rapid laboratory aid to diagnosis. Since their original work, many mediums containing different salts of tellurium have been devised.2The value of tellurite medium lies in the blackening of colonies of Corynebacterium early in growth, thus facilitating their isolation and detection.  In 1938 Manzullo of Buenos Aires3discovered that pieces of diphtheritic membrane which had adhered to the swab turned black when
The practicalities of photodynamic therapy in acne vulgaris
Authors: M.N. Taylor, M.L. Gonzalez
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

A staple clinical skill in a dermatologist's repertoire is the ability to treat acne vulgaris effectively. Light‐based therapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) widen the therapeutic options available for acne. Numerous review articles have agreed on the answer to core questions such as: 'Does PDT work?' and 'Which acne lesions respond best to PDT?' They conclude that PDT is especially useful in inflammatory acne and may be superior to light therapy alone. This literature review seeks to offer guidance regarding treatment‐specific queries about the photosensitizer, route of administration, treatment intervals, light sources and patient selection. Ovid Medline, PubMed and EMBASE database searches were executed between January 2007 and March 2008. Due to the scarcity of data, all five randomized trials, four of which were at least investigator blinded and controlled, 12 open clinical studies, two case reports and two abstracts published in English were considered. Four hundred and nineteen patients were recruited. As the quality of the data was suboptimal in a significant number of articles, the conclusions are drawn in very broad strokes: topical short‐contact (90 min or less) 5‐aminolaevulinic acid or methyl aminolaevulinate using a noncoherent light source at 2–4‐week intervals for a total of two to four treatments produces the greatest clinical effect. Papulopustular acne is more responsive and all Fitzpatrick skin types are eligible. However, patients with skin types I–III have a reduced risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation seen in darker skin types. These treatment parameters demonstrate a good side‐effect profile resulting in acne remission for at least 3 months to a year in a relatively cost‐effective manner. Well‐designed nonsplit‐face randomized controlled trials would offer further guidance, especially for queries surrounding the light source and illumination schemes.
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by allopurinol: a therapeutic option for ischaemia induced pathological processes?
Authors: J G Puig, F A Mateos, V D Diaz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Description des proprietes de l'allopurinol. Ce medicament etait autrefois utilise pour limiter la degradation des mercaptopurines. L'utilisation actuelle, dans la goutte, repose sur l'inhibition de la xanthine oxydase. Interet de ses proprietes anti-ischemiques, decouvertes recemment. Role du raptage des radicaux libres par le medicament
FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: JOHN M. BLACKFORD
Journal: JAMA (1930)

A review of the literature since 1919, with a casual examination of the literature for ten years before 1919, has shown a prodigious number of papers on hypertension. Follow-up studies have been remarkably few and, as far as we can learn, have been made on patients under treatment for cardiovascular diseases. Further study has shown that such researches have been made on groups of patients more or less selected by the class of practice under control of the author, such as the work of Janeway, Paullin, Christian, and other eminent consultants. Mortality statistics by a follow-up study of unselected cases have not been found. This study has been made as follows: We have removed from the file and examined individually 17,500 histories recorded between Jan. 1, 1918, and June, 1924, by eight physicians with their associates, doing all classes of private work except obstetrics and pediatrics. Each general history showing
MYC Phosphorylation at Novel Regulatory Regions Suppresses Transforming Activity
Authors: Amanda R. Wasylishen, Michelle Chan-Seng-Yue, Christina Bros, Dharmendra Dingar, William B. Tu, Manpreet Kalkat, Pak-Kei Chan, Peter J. Mullen, Ling Huang, Natalie Meyer, Brian Raught, Paul C. Boutros, Linda Z. Penn
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Despite its central role in human cancer, MYC deregulation is insufficient by itself to transform cells. Because inherent mechanisms of neoplastic control prevent precancerous lesions from becoming fully malignant, identifying transforming alleles of MYC that bypass such controls may provide fundamental insights into tumorigenesis. To date, the only activated allele of MYC known is T58A, the study of which led to identification of the tumor suppressor FBXW7 and its regulator USP28 as a novel therapeutic target. In this study, we screened a panel of MYC phosphorylation mutants for their ability to promote anchorage-independent colony growth of human MCF10A mammary epithelial cells, identifying S71A/S81A and T343A/S344A/S347A/S348A as more potent oncogenic mutants compared with wild-type (WT) MYC. The increased cell-transforming activity of these mutants was confirmed in SH-EP neuroblastoma cells and in three-dimensional MCF10A acini. Mechanistic investigations initiated by a genome-wide mRNA expression analysis of MCF10A acini identified 158 genes regulated by the mutant MYC alleles, compared with only 112 genes regulated by both WT and mutant alleles. Transcriptional gain-of-function was a common feature of the mutant alleles, with many additional genes uniquely dysregulated by individual mutant. Our work identifies novel sites of negative regulation in MYC and thus new sites for its therapeutic attack.
Relation between serum group II pepsinogen concentration and the degree of Brunner's gland hyperplasia in patients with chronic renal failure.
Authors: H Paimela, M Harkonen, S L Karonen, L G Tallgren, S Stenman, J Ahonen
Journal: Gut (1985)

Serum concentrations of group I and II pepsinogens (PG I and PG II) were determined in 15 patients with chronic renal failure. Gastroduodenoscopy with biopsy and acid secretion tests were also performed. Five patients had histologically confirmed severe Brunner9s gland hyperplasia manifesting as multiple polyps in the duodenal bulb. Five patients had a mild form of Brunner9s gland hyperplasia which was evident only by histological analysis. Five had no signs of such alterations. The three groups of patients were comparable in age, sex, mean level of serum creatinine, mean duration of dialysis treatment, distribution of non-dialysed and dialysed patients, and gastric histology. In patients with severe Brunner9s gland hyperplasia the mean serum PG II concentration was significantly higher than in the other patients. Both the serum PG I and the serum PG II concentrations decreased after receiving a well functioning renal transplant in the two patients who underwent transplantation.
Living or dying by RNA processing: caspase expression in NSCLC
Authors: Ganesh Shankarling, Kristen W. Lynch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Protein expression in humans is controlled by numerous RNA processing steps that occur between transcription of a gene and translation of protein. However, the importance of such regulatory steps to human diseases, especially cancer, is just now coming to light. Changes in the alternative splicing or stability of mRNA transcribed from genes involved in cell-cycle control, cell proliferation, and apoptosis has been linked to tumor formation and progression. Nevertheless, in the majority of these cases, the identity of the regulators that control the expression of such cancer-related genes is poorly understood. In this issue of the JCI, Goehe et al. demonstrate that heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein family member L (hnRNP L), a member of the hnRNP family of RNA processing factors, is specifically phosphorylated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The phosphorylated hnRNP L, in turn, promotes expression of the antiapoptotic form of caspase-9, thereby contributing to tumorigenesis.
Aiolos Regulates B Cell Activation and Maturation to Effector State
Authors: Jin-Hong Wang, Nicole Avitahl, Annaiah Cariappa, Christof Friedrich, Toru Ikeda, Anja Renold, Konstantinos Andrikopoulos, Luobin Liang, Shiv Pillai, Bruce A Morgan, Katia Georgopoulos
Journal: Immunity (1998)
Abstract P192: The Incidence of Pre-Eclampsia Remains Higher in African-American Women Compared to Caucasian Women: Trends from the National Hospital Discharge Survey 1979-2006
Authors: Khadijah Breathett, David Muhlestein, Randi Foraker, Martha Gulati
Journal: Circulation (2013)

BACKGROUND: African-American women are at higher risk for pre-eclampsia compared to Caucasian women, but it remains unknown if there are any changes in the incidence of pre-eclampsia by race over t...
Case 33-1998
Authors: Michael P. Madaio, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Presentation of CaseA 29-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of necrotizing lymphadenitis followed by the nephrotic syndrome.The patient had been well until two months earlier, when axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy developed, soon followed by swelling, pain, and redness in the left axilla. Cephalexin was administered, but the swelling and pain increased, with nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. One month before admission, a lymph-node biopsy showed necrotizing lymphadenitis. Three weeks before admission, amoxicillin–clavulanate was prescribed, but fever occurred, with worsening swelling and pain.Ten days before admission, the patient was admitted elsewhere. Cultures of blood, sputum, and . . .
An evaluation of the pericardial sac as a safety factor during tamponade
Authors: B. L. PEGRAM, V. S. BISHOP
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Journal Article An evaluation of the pericardial sac as a safety factor during tamponade Get access BARBARA L. PEGRAM, BARBARA L. PEGRAM From the Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar VERNON S. BISHOP VERNON S. BISHOP From the Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 9, Issue 6, November 1975, Pages 715–721, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/9.6.715 Published: 01 November 1975
Academic Boycott of South Africa-Reply
Authors: Solomon R. Benatar
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Unlike Dr Dommisse, who has been correctly critical of apartheid but also has built his writing career on this, I and many of my colleagues who have remained in South Africa have struggled not only against apartheid but also to retain and strengthen those institutions necessary for building a new and better South Africa. Being highly critical of apartheid and its effect on medicine and health care and also at the forefront with many white and black colleagues in integrating Groote Schuur Hospital under difficult conditions so that patients of today, as well as those of the future, could be shielded from apartheid policies, I feel no discomfort in opposing total academic boycott as vigorously as I have opposed apartheid. The humanitarian basis for our concern about apartheid and academic boycott is, we believe, more consistent with the international medical ethos than a rigid political approach. My argument
Multiple Coarctations of the Pulmonary Artery
Authors: KATHLEEN N. STANDIFORD, MARK M. MASLACK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Multiple coarctations of the pulmonary artery, a rare congenital anomaly, may mimic pulmonary embolic disease on pulmonary radionuclide imaging. This entity, which is of uncertain etiology, has been associated with maternal rubella. Four anatomic variations have been described and a fifth type has been added to include associated intracardiac abnormalities. A case is presented in which unmatched perfusion defects on pulmonary radionuclide imaging, characteristic of pulmonary embolism, were secondary to multiple coarctations of the pulmonary artery in a healthy 25-year-old woman.
Cavum septi pellucidi--a reason to ban boxers?
Authors: P McCrory
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix/periodicity/AhR nuclear translocator/simple-minded (Per-Arnt-Sim) family of transcription factors that regulate critical functions during development and tissue homeostasis. Within this family, the AhR is the only member conditionally activated in response to ligand binding, typified by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin (TCDD). We recently demonstrated that the AhR interacts with the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). This report presents evidence that a LXCXE motif in the AhR protein confers pRb binding, which is necessary for maximal TCDD induced G<sub>1</sub> arrest in rat 5L hepatoma cells. The data support a mechanism whereby pRb seems to regulate G<sub>1</sub> cell cycle progression distinct from the direct repression of E2F-mediated transcription. Furthermore, the results indicate that the AhR-pRb interaction regulates TCDD induction of <i>CYP1A1</i>, suggesting that pRb may be a general AhR coactivator.
A challenging presentation of left upper quadrant pain
Authors: R Taghizadeh
Journal: Gut (2005)

Background: Several previous studies have found that females and older individuals are at greater risk of having incomplete flexible sigmoidoscopy.However, no prior study has reported the subsequent risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) following incomplete sigmoidoscopy.Methods: Using data from 55 791 individuals screened as part of the Colon Cancer Prevention (CoCaP) programme of Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, we evaluated the likelihood of having an inadequate (,40 cm) examination by age and sex, and estimated the risk of distal CRC according to depth of sigmoidoscope insertion at the baseline screening examination.Multivariate estimation of risks was performed using Poisson regression.Results: Older individuals were at a much greater risk of having an inadequate examination (relative risk (RR) for age 80+ years compared with 50-59 years 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-3.0)), as were females (RR 2.3 (95% CI 2.2-2.5));these associations were attenuated but remained strong if Poisson models were further adjusted for examination limitations (pain, stool, and angulation).There was an approximate threefold increase in the risk of distal CRC if the baseline sigmoidoscopy did not reach a depth of at least 40 cm; a smaller increase in risk was observed for examinations that reached 40-59 cm.Conclusions: Older individuals and women are at an increased risk of having inadequate sigmoidoscopy.Because inadequate sigmoidoscopy results in an increased risk of subsequent CRC, physicians should consider steps to maximise the depth of insertion of the sigmoidoscope or, failing this, should consider an alternative screening test.
Clinical aspects of delta infection.
Authors: T Moestrup, B G Hansson, A Widell, E Nordenfelt
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The clinical features of delta infection were analysed retrospectively in 191 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and 592 cases of acute hepatitis B seen over 11 years in the Swedish town of Malmö (population 250 000). With a few exceptions delta infections occurred exclusively in drug addicts. In the chronic HBsAg-carriers the most common clinical manifestation was an episode of acute hepatitis, which in some individuals became severe with a pronounced rise in serum alanine aminotransferase activity for many months. During the period of delta infection the HBsAg titre was lowered and in three out of 26 cases the patient lost HBsAg altogether and developed hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs). In one patient the acute hepatitis due to delta infection was fulminant and fatal. In patients with acute hepatitis B the clinical picture did not distinguish between those with and without simultaneous delta infection. The frequency with which acute hepatitis B was succeeded by a chronic carrier state was the same whether or not the patient was infected simultaneously with the delta agent. The discovery of the delta agent has improved understanding of the natural history of chronic hepatitis B infection in drug addicts. Thus, instances of acute hepatitis in a chronic carrier, previously termed hepatitis non-A, non-B, may actually be episodes of delta infection.