tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Partial resolution of acute interstitial pneumonia in native lung after single lung transplantation.
Authors: D S Robinson, D M Geddes, D M Hansell, C D Shee, C Corbishley, A Murday, B P Madden
Journal: Thorax (1996)

The case of a 49 year old man presenting with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease is described. Radiological findings and the lung biopsy specimen were compatible with an acute interstitial pneumonia, as was the relentless clinical course culminating in hypoxic respiratory failure. After right single lung transplantation there was considerable improvement in lung function and radiographic clearing of disease in the native left lung.
The Drug Problem
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IT was appropriate that Sir Derrick Dunlop should have chosen to speak on the drug problem when giving the Croonian Lecture at the Royal College of Physicians. Since retiring from the chair of therapeutics and clinical medicine at Edinburgh, he has been chairman of the Safety of Drugs Committee appointed by the Ministry of Health, and he acknowledged that the problem is both complex and perplexing and full of conflicting interests.He said that a pharmacologist had defined a drug as a substance that, when injected into a rat, would produce a scientific paper. From the clinical point of view . . .
A COMPARISON OF ERYTHROCYTE COUNT, TOTAL HEMOGLOBIN AND CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN IN SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS
Authors: Orville S. Walters
Journal: JAMA (1934)

As a basis for explaining a difference observed in the mean hemoglobin level of subjects in the United States and in London, Price-Jones 1 suggested that the motoring habits of American subjects may have produced a slow chronic poisoning by carbon monoxide, as a result of which the oxygen pressure is constantly being slightly reduced and the bone marrow is compensating for the useless carboxyhemoglobin by making more red cells and hemoglobin and producing a relative polycythemia.  Nasmith and Graham 2 found that guinea-pigs living continuously in a dilute carbon monoxide atmosphere were able to increase the quantity of hemoglobin and the number of erythrocytes to compensate for the loss in oxygen-carrying capacity. This was confirmed by Egdahl, 3 who also noted a polycythemiain human subjects after repeated exposures to small or moderate amounts of carbon monoxide. Experiments by Sayers, Yant, Levy and Fulton 4 in which six men
The role of trait affiliation in human community
Authors: Michael Glassman, Cynthia K. Buettner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

this commentary speaks to the relationship between depue &amp; marrone-strupinsky's (d&amp;m-s's) concept of trait affiliation and affiliative memory and the formation of human community, especially among peer groups. the target article suggests a model for how and why dynamic communities form in a number of disparate contexts and under a number of circumstances.
Coeliac disease and schizophrenia.
Authors: D Walsh
Journal: BMJ (1973)

of dealing with the problem of anaesthetic contamination.This venting system has been in use for over six monthes in two operating theatres.Although the whole problem of operating theatre pollution seems to merit further in- vestigation, it is clear that until such time as the agent causing the possible deleterious effect on operating theatre personnel is identified all the anaesthetic gases and vapours should be vented from the operating room.-Iam, etc.
Allergic Interstitial Nephritis Causing Reversible Renal Failure in Four Patients with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Harvey Lyons, Vivian W. Pinn, Stanley Cortell, Jordan J. Cohen, John T. Harrington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract In four patients with pre-existing proliferative glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome allergic interstitial nephritis developed that resulted in moderate to severe, but reversible, renal failure. In three of these patients clinical evidence for a hypersensitivity reaction was present. In all cases renal biopsy revealed a diffuse interstitial infiltrate containing many eosinophils. Cessation of furosemide or thiazides, coupled with the institution of prednisone therapy, was followed by dramatic improvement of renal function. None of the known causes of interstitial nephritis were detected. Although a definite etiologic relation has not been established, the diuretic agents employed may have been responsible for the interstitial nephritis in these cases.
Vasopressin and angiotensin II contribute equally to the increased afterload in rabbits with heart failure
Authors: L. Arnolda, B. P McGrath, C. I Johnston
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Study objective – Vasopressin, like angiotensin, has both vasoconstrictor and fluid retaining properties and therefore may make an important contribution to the pathogenesis of low output congestive heart failure. The study aimed to examine the relative importance of the renin-angiotensin system and vasopressin in an animal model of heart failure. Design – The acute haemodynamic effects of vasopressin receptor blockade with a selective antagonist, d(CH2)5 DAVP (AVPA) (30 μg·kg−1) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with captopril (1 mg·kg−1) were compared. The effect of combined blockade (ie, vasopressin receptor antagonist + angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) was also examined. Experimental material – Rabbits, 2.5-3.5 kg, with doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy and heart failure (n = 20) were used. There were 15 controls. Measurements and main results – Both AVPA and captopril produced significant increases in cardiac output (11% and 13% respectively) and falls in peripheral vascular resistance (21% and 17% respectively). Inhibition of the two vasoconstrictor systems was additive and resulted in a fall in peripheral vascular resistance to levels found in normal animals. Conclusions – Vasopressin and angiotensin II make equal contributions to the raised peripheral vascular resistance observed in this model of heart failure. Vasopressin inhibition may be useful in the treatment of heart failure either alone or as an adjunct to angiotensin converting inhibition.
Congential Heart Disease
Authors: J. F. Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Psycho-analysis has provided an enormous stimulus both to thought and to the practice and teaching of medicine.Indeed, it may well be asked if, without those internists who became analysts in the 1920s and 1930s, there would ever have come into being the subject we know to-day as psychosomatic medicine.The book helps us to understand this develop- ment.It is for the specialist reader who is able critically to assess the individual articles in the light of a more comprehensive understanding of anorexia nervosa than the authors present.DENIS LEIGH.profession will be watching them intently.We wish them well.
Survival in Men With Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Treated With Hormone Therapy: A Quantitative Systematic Review
Authors: Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Amanda L. Blackford, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Mario A. Eisenberger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

We aimed to describe disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in men with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer receiving immediate hormone therapy as adjunct to radiation therapy, adjunct to radical prostatectomy, or stand-alone therapy.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Patients’ Selection of Surgeons and Hospitals for Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Rachel A. Freedman, Elena M. Kouri, Dee W. West, Nancy L. Keating
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Racial differences in breast cancer treatment may result in part from differences in the surgeons and hospitals from whom patients receive their care. However, little is known about differences in patients' selection of surgeons and hospitals.
Use of radiographic devices by cardiologists
Authors: Jeffrey A. Brinker, Carl J. Pepine, Peter C. Block, Lawrence I. Bonchek, Bruce H. Brundage, Blase Carabello, David R. Holmes, Warren L. Johnson, W. Peter Klinke, David C. Levin, Charles E. Mullins, Steven E. Nissen, Eric J. Topol, John H.K. Vogel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Exercise and Breast Cancer — Time to Get Moving?
Authors: Anne McTiernan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Most cases of breast cancer are related to lifestyle or environment, but exactly which factors affect the risk of breast cancer is difficult to define. The preponderance of breast cancer in women as opposed to men, the reproductive patterns common to women in whom breast cancer develops (early menarche, late menopause, low parity and delayed childbearing, and short duration of lactation), and the increased risk associated with obesity (particularly truncal obesity) suggest that female hormones or metabolism contributes to the cause of breast cancer. There has been recent interest in the possibility that endogenous sex hormones in premenopausal and postmenopausal . . .
Promising Cell-Based Immunotherapy Using Gamma Delta T Cells: Together Is Better
Authors: Julie Déchanet-Merville
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Gamma delta T-cell response to cellular stress signals expressed by tumor cells makes them promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. The proof of concept for clinical scale propagation of polyclonal γδ T-cell lines with efficient in vitro and in vivo response against cancer is an important step in this direction.
427. AAV2- and AAV5-Mediated CNS Delivery of Human CLN2 Reduces Lysosomal Storage in a Mouse Model of Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
Authors: Marco A. Passini, Dolan Sondhi, James C. Dodge, Jie Bu, Wendy Yang, Neil R. Hackett, Stephen M. Kaminsky, Mukarram El-Banna, Qinwen Mao, Beverly L. Davidson, David E. Sleat, Peter Lobel, Ronald G. Crystal, Gregory R. Stewart
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) is a neurometabolic disorder caused by mutations in CLN2, which encodes lysosomal tripeptidyl peptidase (TPP-1). Lack of TPP-1 results in intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent storage material within the CNS, neurodegeneration and death typically in childhood. In this study, we injected clinical-grade AAV vectors containing the human CLN2 cDNA into the LINCL mouse brain to determine therapeutic efficacy. A total of 3.6 |[times]| 109 genome copies of AAV2CUhCLN2 (n=5) or AAV5CUhCLN2 (n=6) were stereotaxically injected into the motor cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum of both hemispheres at 6 weeks of age. At 13 weeks post-injection (19 weeks of age), mice were sacrificed and brains hemispheres were separated from each other. The left hemisphere was analyzed for TPP-1 enzyme activity, and the right hemisphere was processed for immunohistochemistry and detection of autoflourescent storage material. Brains treated with AAV2CUhCLN2 contained TPP-1 activity at each of three injection tracts equivalent to that of levels in the brains of heterozygote which are phenotypically normal. In contrast, AAV5CUhCLN2-injected brains had approximately two fold wild-type levels of enzyme activity within these tracts. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy of the right hemispheres showed the presence of TPP-1 protein in the lysosomes and neuronal processes of cells at the injection sites. Compared to control animals (AAV2CUNull, sham, uninjected), there was a marked reduction of autofluorescent storage material with AAV2CUCLN2 and AAV5CUCLN2 in the injected regions which include motor cortex, thalamus, cerebellum, as well as other regions such as the striatum and the hippocampus. There was no statistical difference in the amount of autofluorescent reduction mediated by the two serotype vectors despite the higher levels of enzyme activity with AAV5CUCLN2. Behavioral testing on the rotorod showed improvement of cerebellar motor function at 8 and 10 weeks post-injection with both viral vectors. This study demonstrates that the LINCL brain is responsive to TPP-1 replacement with different AAV serotype vectors, and that heterozygote levels of enzyme activity is sufficient to reverse lysosomal pathology and partially restore behavioral function.
Rapid Response Team Responses—Reply
Authors: Bradford D. Winters, Peter J. Pronovost, Julius Pham
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Royal College is to carve out role of the generalist in an increasingly specialist environment
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Royal College of General Practitioners has set up a Commission on Generalism to examine the role of the generalist in the current healthcare system.

Clare Gerada, chair of the college, described the commission as one of the most important pieces of work the college has ever carried out.

The college will work with the independent charity the Health Foundation to examine the current status of medical generalism, analyse its …
Abstract LB-214: The RAC1 P29S hotspot mutation in melanoma confers resistance to pharmacological inhibition of RAF
Authors: Ian R. Watson, Liren Li, Peter K. Cabeceiras, Mozhdeh Mahdavi, Zhuangna Fang, Katherine Stemke-Hale, Gordon B. Mills, Lynda Chin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Following recurrent mutations in BRAF and NRAS, the RAC1 c.85C &amp;gt; T single nucleotide variant encoding P29S amino acid change represents the next most frequently observed hotspot mutation in melanoma. However, the biological and clinical relevance of the RAC1 P29S somatic mutation in approximately 4-9% of patients is not entirely clear. Here, we demonstrate that melanoma cell lines possessing the RAC1 hotspot variant are resistant to RAF inhibitors (dabrafenib and vemurafenib). Enforced expression of RAC1 P29S in sensitive BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines resulted in increased viability and in vivo tumor growth upon treatment with RAF inhibitors compared to controls. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous RAC1 P29S in a melanoma cell line with a co-occurring BRAF V600 mutation increased sensitivity to dabrafenib and vemurafenib. Our results suggest that RAC1 P29S status in melanoma may be an important predictor of RAF inhibitor resistance in patients, and consequently should be evaluated as a predictive biomarker to such therapies in the clinic. Citation Format: Ian R. Watson, Liren Li, Peter K. Cabeceiras, Mozhdeh Mahdavi, Zhuangna Fang, Katherine Stemke-Hale, Gordon B. Mills, Lynda Chin. The RAC1 P29S hotspot mutation in melanoma confers resistance to pharmacological inhibition of RAF. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-214. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-214
Celecoxib Induces MRP-4 in Lung Cancer Cells: Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Angela Gradilone, Fabio Maria Pulcinelli, Lavinia Vittoria Lotti, Simone Martino, Teresa Mattiello, Luigi Frati, Anna Maria Aglianò, Paola Gazzaniga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

multivariate analysis with other traditional clinicopathologic factors is less adequate than comparing its performance with classifications such as the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), St Gallen, or Adjuvant!Online, we wish to emphasize that the GGI was developed to enhance the prognostic ability of histologic grade.However, the GGI is significantly correlated with a 70-gene signature 4 and a 76-gene signature 5 both of which have been extensively validated against these tools. 6,7In addition, replacing histologic grade with the GGI in our previously reported data set 3 significantly improved the prognostic performance of the NPI (data not shown).Ivshina et al 8 have reported similar results, suggesting that the use of genomic grade can improve significantly the prognostication of breast cancer patients.Debled et al are interested in the prognostic ability of the GGI and progesterone receptor (PgR) status.The authors used PgR levels determined by immunohistochemistry to better characterize grade 2 tumors, resulting in a high risk subgroup representing only 14% of their data set compared with 44% in our data set based on GGI levels.Unfortunately, we do not have PgR levels determined by immunohistochemistry nor the full components of histologic grade (nuclear grade, tubule formation, and mitotic rate) or other proliferation factors to make a direct comparison between the genomic and clinicopathologic assessment.However, for those patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers who had not received systemic adjuvant treatment and classified as histological grade 2 (n ϭ 111), those with poor PgR expression and high GGI have a worse outcome than those with rich PgR expression and low GGI, as expected (hazard ratio, 5.43; 95% CI, 2.19 to 15.12; P ϭ .0038),but not rich PgR and high GGI levels (P ϭ .1).This highlights the additional and important prognostic information provided by GGI.
Gene Correction of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Repairs the Cellular Phenotype in Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Authors: Nico Lachmann, Christine Happle, Mania Ackermann, Doreen Lüttge, Martin Wetzke, Sylvia Merkert, Miriam Hetzel, George Kensah, Monica Jara-Avaca, Adele Mucci, Jelena Skuljec, Anna-Maria Dittrich, Nils Pfaff, Sebastian Brennig, Axel Schambach, Doris Steinemann, Gudrun Göhring, Tobias Cantz, Ulrich Martin, Nicolaus Schwerk, Gesine Hansen, Thomas Moritz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (hPAP) caused by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor α-chain (CSF2RA) deficiency is a rare, life-threatening lung disease characterized by accumulation of proteins and phospholipids in the alveolar spaces. The disease is caused by a functional insufficiency of alveolar macrophages, which require GM-CSF signaling for terminal differentiation and effective degradation of alveolar proteins and phospholipids. Therapeutic options are extremely limited, and the pathophysiology underlying the defective protein degradation in hPAP alveolar macrophages remains poorly understood.To further elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying hPAP and evaluate novel therapeutic strategies, we here investigated the potential of hPAP patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (PAP-iPSCs) derived monocytes and macrophages.Patient-specific PAP-iPSCs were generated from CD34(+) bone marrow cells of a CSF2RA-deficient patient with PAP. We assessed pluripotency, chromosomal integrity, and genetic correction of established iPSC lines. On hematopoietic differentiation, genetically corrected or noncorrected monocytes and macrophages were investigated in GM-CSF-dependent assays.Although monocytes and macrophages differentiated from noncorrected PAP-iPSCs exhibited distinct defects in GM-CSF-dependent functions, such as perturbed CD11b activation, phagocytic activity, and STAT5 phosphorylation after GM-CSF exposure and lack of GM-CSF uptake, these defects were fully repaired on lentiviral gene transfer of a codon-optimized CSF2RA-cDNA.These data establish PAP-iPSC-derived monocytes and macrophages as a valid in vitro disease model of CSF2RA-deficient PAP, and introduce gene-corrected iPSC-derived monocytes and macrophages as a potential autologous cell source for innovative therapeutic strategies. Transplantation of such cells to patients with hPAP could serve as a paradigmatic proof for the potential of iPSC-derived cells in clinical gene therapy.
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising With Added Inducements-Reply
Authors: Michael Broach
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The advertisement to which Dr Kincaid is referring was one that we ran in<i>Parade</i>magazine on the Tenormin (atenolol) Wellspring Service. The intent of the ad was not to encourage patients to visit their physician and demand to be given Tenormin, but to notify existing Tenormin patients that a new service was available to them free of charge. The Wellspring Service is designed to address the problem of high noncompliance rates experienced with patients on long-term antihypertensive medications. Wellspring does this by providing an education and support program to Tenormin patients through their physician or pharmacist that encourages them to comply with the drug therapy prescribed and dispensed by their health care team and to adopt a healthy life-style. This is done through an ongoing series of educational materials and prescription refill reminders. Wellspring members also receive various samples of health-related products or coupons for such products
Hypercalciuria in Children with Hematuria
Authors: F. Bruder Stapleton, Shane Roy, H. Norman Noe, Gerald Jerkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Urinary calcium excretion was assessed in 83 consecutive children with gross or microscopic hematuria in whom the presence of proteinuria or urinary-tract infection had been excluded. Twenty-three children had hypercalcluria. Clinical features that were more commonly associated with hypercalciuria included gross hematuria and a family history of urolithiasis. No clinical or pathological basis for the hematuria was determined in 22 of the 23 children with hypercalciuria or in 38 of the 60 children with normal calcium excretion. Urolithiasis developed in two children with hypercalciuria during the period of study. Oral calcium-loading tests were performed in all 23 children with hypercalciuria. Absorptive hypercalciuria was demonstrated in 10 children, whereas 13 had renal (fasting) hypercalciuria. Hematuria resolved during anticalciuric therapy in 20 of the 23 patients with hypercalciuria. We conclude that determination of urinary calcium excretion is warranted in the routine evaluation of children with hematuria. (N Engl J Med 1984; 310:1345–8.)
Algorithms, Medicine, Chess, and War
Authors: Charles L. Witte
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  In an editorial entitled Chess and Combat: The Algorithm in Medicine (238:2721, 1977), William Crosby, MD, appropriately calls attention to the shortcomings of computerized teaching devices in the practice of medicine. For emphasis, however, he raises the analogy that algorithms are to... medicine as chess is to war, an unfortunate choice carrying the connotation that chess-playing is amenable to sets of finite, unerring rules and regulations.  About ten years ago David Levy, an international chess master from Scotland, confidently wagered that by 1978 no electronic device would be able to defeat him over the chessboard. Despite great strides in the playing strength of computers, no one questions that his $4,000 wager is secure. Like medicine or, for that matter, law, engineering, or military science, expert chess-playing requires imagination and deviation from basic theory to score the full point.  Dr Eliot Hearst, 1 a US senior chess master