tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Australia versus New Zealand: an emotional meta-analysis of rugby
Authors: J. Silberberg
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Prize winning journalist Joseph Lelyveld wrote of a research method called “selective quotation.” Examples of this are not hard to find in medical journals. Often, all sorts of rationalisations are presented as to why the overall data should be spurned in favour of chosen highlights, which may be driven by commercial or academic imperatives. In this paper, we render the emotional component of such arguments more explicit. We compare nearly 100 years of international rugby between Australia and New Zealand.

We analysed the 114 official test scores between 1903 and 2000 using http://www.rugby.com.au/aus.rugby/pages/178> and 1998's Australian Rugby Almanac …
Outcome after Reduced Chemotherapy for Intermediate-Risk Neuroblastoma
Authors: David L. Baker, Mary L. Schmidt, Susan L. Cohn, John M. Maris, Wendy B. London, Allen Buxton, Daniel Stram, Robert P. Castleberry, Hiroyuki Shimada, Anthony Sandler, Robert C. Shamberger, A. Thomas Look, C. Patrick Reynolds, Robert C. Seeger, Katherine K. Matthay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The survival rate among patients with intermediate-risk neuroblastoma who receive dose-intensive chemotherapy is excellent, but the survival rate among patients who receive reduced doses of chemotherapy for shorter periods of time is not known.We conducted a prospective, phase 3, nonrandomized trial to determine whether a 3-year estimated overall survival of more than 90% could be maintained with reductions in the duration of therapy and drug doses, using a tumor biology-based therapy assignment. Eligible patients had newly diagnosed, intermediate-risk neuroblastoma without MYCN amplification; these patients included infants (<365 days of age) who had stage 3 or 4 disease, children (≥365 days of age) who had stage 3 tumors with favorable histopathological features, and infants who had stage 4S disease with a diploid DNA index or unfavorable histopathological features. Patients who had disease with favorable histopathological features and hyperdiploidy were assigned to four cycles of chemotherapy, and those with an incomplete response or either unfavorable feature were assigned to eight cycles.Between 1997 and 2005, a total of 479 eligible patients were enrolled in this trial (270 patients with stage 3 disease, 178 with stage 4 disease, and 31 with stage 4S disease). A total of 323 patients had tumors with favorable biologic features, and 141 had tumors with unfavorable biologic features. Ploidy, but not histopathological features, was significantly predictive of the outcome. Severe adverse events without disease progression occurred in 10 patients (2.1%), including secondary leukemia (in 3 patients), death from infection (in 3 patients), and death at surgery (in 4 patients). The 3-year estimate (±SE) of overall survival for the entire group was 96±1%, with an overall survival rate of 98±1% among patients who had tumors with favorable biologic features and 93±2% among patients who had tumors with unfavorable biologic features.A very high rate of survival among patients with intermediate-risk neuroblastoma was achieved with a biologically based treatment assignment involving a substantially reduced duration of chemotherapy and reduced doses of chemotherapeutic agents as compared with the regimens used in earlier trials. These data provide support for further reduction in chemotherapy with more refined risk stratification. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00003093.)
A New Arsenical for Treatment of Syphilis and Trypanosomiasis
Authors: W. Yorke, F. Murgatroyd, F. Glyn-Hughes, H. M. O. Lester, A. O. F. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1936)

<h3>Purpose</h3> To compare detection of retinal nerve fibre layer changes using GDx guided progression analysis (GPA) fast mode (which assumes fixed variability of a reference population) and extended mode (which measures individual variability), and to determine how they compare with photography and conventional visual field-based methods for identifying glaucoma progression. <h3>Methods</h3> 172 eyes from 117 participants in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (12 healthy, 108 glaucoma suspects and 52 glaucoma eyes) with ≥4 GDx VCC visits and ≥3 good quality GDx VCC scans at each visit were included. <h3>Results</h3> Agreement between the GDx GPA fast mode and GDx GPA extended mode was limited. The GDx fast mode and extended mode detected 15 and 18 eyes, respectively, as ‘likely progression’, but only seven of them agreed. The conventional reference standard (stereophotograph-based optic disc and/or visual field progression) identified nine eyes as progressing, of which two eyes were also identified by the GDx fast mode and three eyes by the extended mode. In the GDx fast mode, we found that the progression detection varied depending on which two scans were included in the baseline and follow-up images. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was limited agreement between the GDx fast mode and the GDx extended mode for progression detection, and between different scans included in the GDx fast mode progression analysis. Longer follow-up is needed to determine the proportion of eyes classified as ‘likely progression’ by the GDx analysis that are early change and the proportion that are false positive results.
The antrum in patients with duodenal and gastric ulcers.
Authors: J Schrager, R Spink, S Mitra
Journal: Gut (1967)

EDITORIAL COMMENT In this histological study of surgical specimens it has been shown that duodenal ulcer is associated with mild inflammation and gastric ulcer with marked changes and degeneration with metaplasia.Very few detailed descriptions of the antrum are available in the literature, yet the importance of this organ has been stressed by many writers in the past (Konjetzny, 1928; Faber, 1935; Hebbel, 1943; Magnus, 1954; Dean and Mason, 1964; and others).An attempt has been made in this laboratory to study the gastric antrum in normal stomachs and in duodenal and gastric ulcer in greater detail.
PROPERTIES OF GUINEA PIG 7S ANTIBODIES
Authors: F. M. Kourilsky, Kurt J. Bloch, B. Benacerraf, Z. Ovary
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Passive immune lysis of antigen-coated erythrocytes provoked in vitro by guinea pig gamma(2) antihapten antibodies in the presence of complement, is inhibited by guinea pig gamma(1) antibodies directed against the same specificity. This inhibition of the lytic effect of complement-fixing gamma(2) antibodies is presumably due to the competition for antigen by non-lytic gamma(1) antibodies.
Pregnancy complicated by psittacosis acquired from sheep.
Authors: R J Beer, W P Bradford, R J Hart
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Two cases of chlamydial infection in pregnant women are described, the first serologically proved and the second suspected. In both cases the infection was probably contracted from sheep suffering with enzootic abortion. Both patients were farmers9 wives who had helped their husbands and lambing and developed a non-specific febrile illness in late pregnancy. In the first case as there was no clinical improvement after 26 hours the patient was delivered by caesarean section of a live infant in good condition; the patient recovered fully. The second patient had presented a year earlier, the fetus had died in the uterus, and the patient himself died after spontaneous labour and forceps delivery 14 hours after admission. Both patients developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. As the casual agent in enzootic abortion in ewes has a predilection for the placenta, early delivery may be the management of choice in late pregnancy if infection with this organism if suspected.
Device Therapy for Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Fred M. Kusumoto
Journal: JAMA (2002)

SINCE THE INTRODUCTION OF THE implantable pacemaker in 1958 and the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in 1980, implantable devices for rhythm control are now commonly used for treating bradycardia and certain types of ventricular arrhythmias. The first pacemakers and ICDs were large devices (40-200 cm) that required a prolonged hospitalization for implantation and postoperative recovery, and had few programmable features. In contrast, the current devices are significantly smaller (9-45 cm), can be implanted on an outpatient basis, and provide a myriad of programming options to optimize therapy. During the last several years, the actual and potential indications for pacemaker and ICD implantation have expanded significantly as results from several large clinical trials have become available. These advances have led to increased patient and physician acceptance and a steady increase in implantation rates. In 1997, 153000 new pacemakers and 29000 ICDs were implanted in the United States. We summarize the function of and current indications for pacemakers and ICDs. More comprehensive discussions can be found elsewhere.
Employment experiences of vocationally trained doctors.
Authors: K Osler
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To investigate the expectations and employment experiences of male and female doctors who completed vocational training in East Anglia during 1981-7 and to examine the factors which had influenced those who had changed direction early in their careers.Survey conducted by confidential postal questionnaire.Britain.281 doctors, 233 (83%) of whom responded.Ideal choice of work on completion of vocational training; present employment; factors which had restricted present choice of work; factors associated with reported satisfaction with job.77/83 (93%) men and 130/150 (87%) women had hoped to work in general practice (p = 0.75). A smaller proportion of women (71%; 106) than men (89%; 74) were in general practice posts (p less than 0.01); only 6% (nine) of women were on maternity leave or caring for children without paid employment. More women than men were working in medical jobs other than general practice (18% (27) women v 4% (three) men; p less than 0.01). 44/91 (49%) women with children had achieved their employment goals compared with 47/59 (80%) women without children and 55/71 (78%) men with children. 87% (72/83) of men and 65% (98/150) of women had achieved the status of principal (p less than 0.01). 162/193 (84%) doctors who had worked in general practice reported satisfaction with their jobs. Dissatisfaction was linked with doing a job different from that hoped for and with perceiving that the share of practice income did not accurately reflect their share of the practice workload.Steps need to be taken to retain women in general practice, including a statutory part time pay allowance and incentives for practices to allow flexible working hours for doctors with young children.
Drug companies will have to report all payments to US doctors from March 2014
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Obama administration has released final rules on the reporting of financial relations between drug companies, device manufacturers, and healthcare providers.1

The rules are part of the so called “sunshine” provisions of the Affordable Care Act that were designed to create greater transparency in the healthcare marketplace.

They were supposed to have been finalized no later than 1 October 2011,2 3 but they became bogged down under review by the White House’s Office of Management and Budget. They emerged only after a concerted public lobbying effort by medical and ethics figures such as the former editors of the New England Journal of Medicine Marcia Angell and Jerome Kassirer.

The regulations require pharmaceutical and device companies to report to …
PREVENTION OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS IN GENERAL PRACTICE
Authors: W. H. F. Oxley
Journal: BMJ (1934)

If Sir William Osler were alive and practising as one of our contemporary colleagues, would he be viewed as a role model by medical trainees and other physicians? Recently published literature has sought to define clinical excellence; this characterisation of physician performance establishes a context in which role models in medicine can be appraised. Building on this framework, we present rich anecdotes and quotes from Sir William Osler himself, his colleagues, and his students to consider whether Osler would have been regarded as a role model for clinical excellence today. This paper illustrates convincingly that William Osler indeed personified clinical excellence and would have been appreciated as a consummate role model if he were alive and on a medical school’s faculty today. However, a century has passed since his death, and he is not sufficiently visible today to serve as a role model to modern medical trainees and physicians. Moreover, we speculate that Osler himself would not have wanted to be a role model for today’s trainees, as he emphasised that medicine is best learned from teachers at the bedside—a place where he cannot be. Reanimating Osler through rich stories and inspiring quotes, and translating his example of clinical excellence into modern clinical practice, can remind us all to carry Oslerian virtues with us in our professional work.
426 PRETREATMENT SERUM IP-10 IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FIRST PHASE DECLINE OF HCV-RNA AND OUTCOME OF THERAPY IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: M. Fukuda, H. Yatsuhashi, S. Hashimoto, S.K. Bae, Y. Motoyoshi, E. Ozawa, S. Nagaoka, S. Abiru, A. Komori, K. Migita, H. Fujioka, M. Nakamura, H. Ishibashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
The J-shape association between alcohol intake and clinical biochemical markers related to cardiovascular risk: the ATTICA study
Authors: Christos Pitsavos, Christine Chrvsohoou, John Skoumas, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Anastasia Katinioti, Akis Zeibekis, Spyros Velias, Nina Papaioannou, Marina Toutouza, Dimitris Markou, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Pavlos Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Specificity is always contingent on constraints: Global versus individual arrays is not the issue
Authors: Sverker Runeson, David M. Jacobs, Isabell E. K. Andersson, Kairi Kreegipuu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Stoffregen & Bardy's proposal that perceptual systems can use information defined across two or more sensory domains is valuable and urgent in its own right. However, their claim of exclusive validity for global-array information is superfluous and perpetuated for incorrect reasons. The seeming ambiguities of individual arrays emanate from failures to consider relevant ecological constraints and higher-order variables.
The selective nerve stain leucomethylene blue as an intraoperative aid to achieving complete vagotomy
Authors: M. L. Frimer, M. M. Cohen, R. C. Harrison, I. B. Holubitsky
Journal: Gut (1970)

The recently reported vagal nerve stain leucomethylene blue was assessed in 20 patients as an intraoperative aid to attaining complete vagotomy. Of 101 stained specimens removed at surgery, only 30 (30%) contained nerve tissue. Four of 17 postoperative insulin tests were positive by Hollander9s criteria. The dye technique was found to be an unreliable method of ensuring complete vagotomy at the time of surgery.
Plastic Surgery: Harelip and Cleft Palate
Authors: Bradford Cannon, David Fisher, Henry C. Britton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

Operative Procedures in Cleft PalateThe evidence for and against early closure of the palate has been discussed. The practice among most surgeons in New England is to perform the operation between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four months. Good speech, which is the prime objective in palate closure, depends on a soft palate of sufficient length and mobility that closure of the nasopharynx is possible by virtue of contact between the soft palate and the posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls. Mobility of the soft palate and the nasopharynx is most important in establishing normal speech. Constant motion of these . . .
A new approach for local intravascular drug delivery. Iontophoretic balloon.
Authors: A Fernández-Ortiz, B J Meyer, A Mailhac, E Falk, L Badimon, J T Fallon, V Fuster, J H Chesebro, J J Badimon
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Catheter-based systems are being developed to deliver drugs directly into the vessel wall. Pressure-mediated trauma and lack of homogeneous delivery are key limitations of these approaches. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied a new catheter-based delivery system that uses electrical current to force the drug into the vessel wall. The in vivo feasibility of this approach has been assessed by delivering 125I-hirudin into porcine carotid arteries. Vascular levels of hirudin after active iontophoresis (4 mA/cm2, 5 minutes) were 80-fold greater than those achieved by passive diffusion (without electricity). Tissue hirudin levels declined over time; by 1 hour after delivery, 80% of the drug had left the vessel wall, and by 3 hours later, the levels of hirudin within the wall were similar to those achieved by passive diffusion. Autoradiography revealed distribution of the drug throughout the entire circumference of the arterial wall within the intima, media, and adventitia. Iontophoresis-mediated vessel wall trauma was minimal (less than 10% endothelial denudation and medial smooth muscle cell damage). Balloon injury after local delivery changed neither kinetics nor distribution of the drug into the arterial wall. CONCLUSIONS (1) High local concentrations of hirudin in the arterial wall may be achieved with the iontophoretic balloon catheter. (2) The drug is distributed throughout the entire vessel wall without significant damage. (3) The retention of hirudin in the arterial wall is time dependent. (4) This technique might be useful to deliver therapeutic agents before or after percutaneous vascular interventions.
Electroporation-Facilitated Delivery of Plasmid DNA in Skeletal Muscle: Plasmid Dependence of Muscle Damage and Effect of Poloxamer 188
Authors: Jukka Hartikka, Loretta Sukhu, Carol Buchner, Diane Hazard, Vesselina Bozoukova, Michal Margalith, Walter K. Nishioka, Carl J. Wheeler, Marston Manthorp, Michael Sawdey
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Electroporation has been reported to facilitate naked DNA gene transfer in skeletal muscle, but has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of electrical injuries. To assess the effects of electroporation on gene transfer, mouse quadriceps muscles were injected with the luciferase reporter plasmid VR1255 and electroporated with caliper electrodes. Intramuscular luciferase expression was increased 10- to 70-fold by electroporation, depending on the DNA dose and injection volume used. In the absence of plasmid DNA injection, electroporation of quadriceps muscles resulted in rapid elevations in serum creatine phosphokinase activity, but did not elicit visible muscle damage. However, in muscles injected with plasmid DNA and electroporated, visible lesions consistently developed in the areas proximal to electrode placement when field strengths optimal for gene transfer (300 volts/cm) were applied. The development of muscle lesions was independent of plasmid transgene expression and required the presence of plasmid in the muscle during electroporation. Co-injection of poloxamer 188 (pluronic F68) with VR1255 substantially reduced elevations in serum creatine phosphokinase activity following electroporation, but did not inhibit the development of muscle lesions. In non-electroporated muscles, co-injection of poloxamer 188 increased luciferase expression threefold. Poloxamer 188 may thus constitute a useful excipient for intramuscular delivery of naked DNA.
Clinical experience with pamidronate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone.
Authors: S J Gallacher, B F Boyce, U Patel, A Jenkins, S H Ralston, I T Boyle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Bisphosphonates have been shown to be effective in treating the increased bone turnover associated with Paget9s disease of bone. In this study two groups of patients were treated with pamidronate by intravenous infusion. In group 1 (n = 15) 30 mg of pamidronate was given once a week for six weeks. A subgroup (group 1A, n = 6) of more severely affected patients (pretreatment serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) greater than 1000 U/l, normal range 80-280 U/l) received a further 60 mg weekly for three weeks. Group 2 (n = 24) received 45 mg of pamidronate every three months for one year. In both groups the level of ALP in serum samples decreased steadily throughout the year. In group 1 the level decreased to a mean value of 230 U/l (95% confidence interval 188-281) and in group 2 to 297 U/l (227-389). Four of the six patients in group 1A achieved normal ALP, whereas ALP remained at an increased level in all of the 10 patients in group 2 whose pretreatment ALP was greater than 1000 U/l, suggesting that a dose-response effect exists. The lowest hydroxyproline to creatinine ratios (normal ratio less than 0.033) were observed at the end of treatment in group 1, with a mean ratio of 0.022 (range 0.015-0.033) and at three months after the start of treatment in group 2 with a mean ratio of 0.029 (range 0.022-0.037). There was a significant decrease in the turnover of bone, as measured by whole body retention of radiolabelled bisphosphonate, from a mean of 49.3 to 41.0% (p less than 0.01). These data confirm that pamidronate is effective in the management of Paget9s disease of bone. For patients with levels of ALP in serum samples of up to four times above the upper limit of the normal reference range, an effective and convenient regimen is 45 mg every three months for one year. For patients with higher levels of ALP higher doses may be more effective.
Characterisation of unipolar waveform alternation in acutely ischaemic porcine myocardium
Authors: D L. CARSON, R. CARDINAL, P. SAVARD, M. VERMEULEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Journal Article Characterisation of unipolar waveform alternation in acutely ischaemic porcine myocardium Get access D LEIGH CARSON, D LEIGH CARSON From the Centre de Recherche, Hôpital du Sacré Coeur, the Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, and the Institut de Génie Biomédical. University of Montreal, Montreal. Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RENÉ CARDINAL, RENÉ CARDINAL From the Centre de Recherche, Hôpital du Sacré Coeur, the Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, and the Institut de Génie Biomédical. University of Montreal, Montreal. Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PIERRE SAVARD, PIERRE SAVARD From the Centre de Recherche, Hôpital du Sacré Coeur, the Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, and the Institut de Génie Biomédical. University of Montreal, Montreal. Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MICHEL VERMEULEN MICHEL VERMEULEN From the Centre de Recherche, Hôpital du Sacré Coeur, the Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, and the Institut de Génie Biomédical. University of Montreal, Montreal. Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 20, Issue 7, July 1986, Pages 521–527, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/20.7.521 Published: 01 July 1986