tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endovascular Therapy for Atherosclerotic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis
Authors: Marc I. Chimowitz, Colin P. Derdeyn
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Living with Epileptic Seizures
Authors: Robert S. Schwab
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This book has an unusual direction in that it is written for the patient and the patient's family and is oriented to the family physician as well. Dr. Livingston has undertaken a most difficult task in trying to write for the lay reader and still make the work of interest and value to the physician. On the whole, he has achieved this. The arrangement of this book, with case histories to illustrate the various problems, is most valuable. Controversial matters he balances with quotations from many different sources. The style is clear and pleasant. Very little is obscure and the vast experience of the author amply justifies his dogmatic conclusions when they appear. It is gratifying to note that he explodes the myth of an epileptic personality and clearly identifies breath-holding spells in children as not epileptic. He is clear and concise in his justification of life insurance, jobs, and
CURIOSITIES OF HOMEOPATHIC PHARMACY.
Authors: ROBERT REYBURN
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reduction of infarct size with intracoronary perfluorochemical in a canine preparation of reperfusion.
Authors: M B Forman, S Bingham, H A Kopelman, C Wehr, M P Sandler, F Kolodgie, W K Vaughn, G C Friesinger, R Virmani
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The effect of low-dose (15 ml/kg) intracoronary perfluorochemical (Fluosol-DA) on infarct size, regional myocardial blood flow, and ventricular function was studied in 20 anesthetized closed-chest dogs subjected to 11/2 hr of proximal left anterior descending occlusion. In this preparation reperfusion was simulated with fibrinolytic therapy. The animals were randomly assigned one of two treatment groups and given 15 ml/kg of either oxygenated intracoronary perfluorochemical (n = 9) or saline (n = 11). Contrast ventriculograms were obtained at baseline, 1 hr after occlusion, and at 24 hr after reperfusion and were analyzed with a radial fractional shortening method. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. At 24 hr the area at risk was defined in vivo with monastryl blue staining and the area of necrosis was estimated after incubation of left ventricular slices with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. No significant changes were noted in heart rate, blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, or dP/dt during the experimental protocol. Infarct size was significantly reduced (p less than .02) in the perfluorochemical-treated group, both when expressed as a percentage of the total left ventricular mass (7.9 +/- 1.7% vs 14.7 +/- 2.5%) and as a percentage of the area at risk (20.1 +/- 5.0% vs 46.8 +/- 8.5%). This was associated with significant improvement in fractional shortening in the jeopardized zone at 24 hr after reperfusion. Although endocardial blood flow was significantly greater in the central ischemic zone and lateral region at risk immediately after reperfusion in the perfluorochemical-treated group, no difference was found 1 hr after reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
LANDRY'S PARALYSIS.WITH REPORT OF CASE.
Authors: ROBERT McGREGOR
Journal: JAMA (1905)

To the pathologist and clinical observer, acute ascending paralysis is a malady of more than ordinary interest. For nearly fifty years it has been known and studied, yet little light has been thrown on the essential pathologic process which is the basis of this remarkable disorder. Since Landry, in 1859, wrote his classic treatise on the subject, many efforts have been made to work out a solution of the perplexing problem, but with far from uniform results. Reasoning from the association of a flaccid paralysis, with preserved electric irritability and absence of trophic symptoms, Gowers advanced the theory of a toxin acting on the arborizations of the pyramidal fibers in the anterior horns of the spinal cord in a manner analogous to the effect of curare on motor-nerve terminations in muscle. This hypothesis, however, has never been reinforced by the conclusions of other investigators. There are good grounds for believing
Infectious Mononucleosis In the Aging
Authors: William P. Corr
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  A case of mine (195:1158, 1966) in a 70-year-old retired teacher was, I believed at the time, only the third adequately documented case of infectious mononucleosis in a patient over the age of 60. Since that time I have found references to two previously published cases in patients aged 65 and 68.1In addition, at least two more cases, in patients, aged 722and 63,3have been subsequently reported in detail, and another in the age group 65 to 69 has been alluded to.4This, then, would bring the total to eight substantiated cases of infectious mononucleosis in patients over the age of 60. More cases of infectious mononucleosis probably occur among the elderly than had been previously thought; I have seen personally, a second patient over 60 years of age within 15 months of the first.  Report of a Case.—  The
Effect of size of man-made and natural mineral fibers on chemiluminescent response in human monocyte-derived macrophages.
Authors: M Ohyama, T Otake, K Morinaga
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Fiber size is an important factor in the tumorigenicity of various mineral fibers and asbestos fibers in animal experiments. We examined the time course of the ability to induce lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) from human monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to Japan Fibrous Material standard reference samples (glass wool, rock wool, micro glass fiber, two types of refractory ceramic fiber, refractory mullite fiber, potassium titanium whisker, silicon carbide whisker, titanium oxide whisker, and wollastonite). We determined how fiber length or width might modify the response of cells. We found that the patterns of time-dependent increase of CL (sigmoid type) were similar for each sample except wollastonite. We observed a strong correlation between geometric-mean length and ability to induce CL in seven samples > 6 microm in length over the time course (largest r(2) = 0.9760). Although we also observed a close positive correlation between geometric-mean width and the ability to induce CL in eight samples < 1.8 microm in width at 15 min (r(2) = 0.8760), a sample of 2.4 microm in width had a low ability to induce CL. Moreover, the relationship between width and the rate of increase in ability to induce CL had a negative correlation at 30-60 min (largest r(2) = 0.7473). Our findings suggest that the release of superoxide from macrophages occurs nonspecifically for various types of mineral fibers depending on fiber length.
Chemical characteristics of a high molecular weight renin from the renal cortex of the dog.
Authors: D M Potter, W J McDonald, P M Dunn, J Metcalfe
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

We found an acid extract of normal dog kidneys to contain two distinct molecular weight forms of renin-like activity. Gel filtration chromatography showed peaks of activity as estimated molecular weights of 65,000 and 41,000. The high molecular weight fraction (HMW) comprised only 1% of the total activity of the extract. Both HMW and low molecular weight (LMW) fractions were inhibited by anti-human renin antibody and had similar broad pH-dependent activity optima between pH 6.0 and 7.5 in homologous substrate. The Michaelis constant (Km) of HMW was 3.6 times the Km of LMW. Both renins bound reversibly to concanavalin A-Sepharose with comparable affinities. HMW and LMW eluted from DEAE-Sephadex at similar salt concentrations without conversion of HMW to LMW. Transient acidification effected partial conversion of HMW to LMW without changing the total activity. Preincubation of HMW with trypsin increased the activity 40% and effected complete conversion of HMW to LMW. The apparent molecular weight difference between HMW and LMW is probably due to a covalently bound fragment(s) and not to a noncovalently bound moiety such as has been described in the rabbit and the hog. Both HMW and LMW are glycoproteins whose terminal sugar constituents possibly are similar. HMW dog renin is a new molecular form of renin that is convertible to a more active lower molecular weight renin with tryptic proteolysis.
Activation of the respiratory burst oxidase.
Authors: B M Babior
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The respiratory burst oxidase of phagocytes and B lymphocytes catalyzes the reduction of oxygen by NADPH to form O2-, the precursor of a group of reactive oxidants that are employed by phagocytes as microbicidal agents. The enzyme is active in stimulated cells but dominant in resting cells. It molecular weight guanine nucleotide-binding protein. The components p22phox and gp91phox from cytochrome b558, a flavohemoprotein that resides in the cortical cytoskeleton and in the membranes of the specific granules. The other components are found in the cytosol of resting cells, but migrate to the cortical cytoskeleton when the neutrophils are activated, where they assemble the active oxidase. Migration to the cortical cytoskeleton is caused in part by the appearance of a membrane binding site on one or more of the cytosolic subunits, possibly due to the phosphorylation of p47phox that takes place during cell activation.
Interleukin 5 and phenotypically altered eosinophils in the blood of patients with the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.
Authors: W F Owen, M E Rothenberg, J Petersen, P F Weller, D Silberstein, A L Sheffer, R L Stevens, R J Soberman, K F Austen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

We report that the hypodense eosinophil population in three patients with corticosteroid-unresponsive IHES was uniquely long lived ex vivo in the absence of exogenous cytokines. Serum or plasma from these patients conferred prolonged viability ex vivo to normodense eosinophils from reference donors and converted them to a functionally activated hypodense phenotype. In that antibody against IL-5 neutralized this activity in IHES serum, excessive quantities of this cytokine may account for the characteristic eosinophilia and long-lived, functionally augmented eosinophil phenotype in this disorder.
S39 Sub typing of non small cell carcinoma in EBUS-TBNA samples
Authors: M. Gautam, K. Mohan, T. Giles, S. Forrest, C. Smyth, M. Walshaw, B. Sukumaran
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Differentiation and accurate classification of NSCLC (Squamous, Adenocarcinoma, Large cell carcinoma) is crucial in determining the prognosis and selecting targeted chemotherapy regimens. However, it is not always possible to subtype the tumours particularly if the biopsy samples are small and such undifferentiated tumour is referred as NSCLC not otherwise specified (NOS). It has been shown that 25% of bronchial biopsy specimens and 40% cytological specimens result in a diagnosis of NSCLC-NOS. However, the frequency of NSCLC-NOS with EBUS-TBNA samples is not known. <h3>Methods</h3> We looked at the cytology reports of all patients with an EBUS-TBNA diagnosis of NSCLC over a period of 13 months. In patients with a diagnosis of NSCLC-NOS, we obtained further information on the details of the EBUS procedure and the cytological methods used. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 243 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA, 78 with a diagnosis of NSCLC were included. A confident initial cytological sub typing of NSCLC was possible in 68 (87%). Analysis of the remaining 10 patients with a diagnosis of NSCLC-NOS showed that biopsies taken from the lymph nodes were deemed adequate for cell block and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in all but one patient. Despite this, IHC was performed on 3 out of 9 samples. IHC was able to subtype the tumour in these cases. The Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and IHC profile of the 10 patients are shown in Abstract S39 Table 1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Thus we have shown that adequate tissue samples can be obtained at EBUS-TBNA and the frequency of NSCLC-NOS is less (7/78=9%) compared to the histological bronchial biopsy samples. In cases, where morphological sub typing of NSCLC on HE is not possible, immunohistochemistry should be performed.
Asthma and Farm Exposures in a Cohort of Rural Iowa Children
Authors: James A. Merchant, Allison L. Naleway, Erik R. Svendsen, Kevin M. Kelly, Leon F. Burmeister, Ann M. Stromquist, Craig D. Taylor, Peter S. Thorne, Stephen J. Reynolds, Wayne T. Sanderson, Elizabeth A. Chrischilles
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Epidemiologic studies of farm children are of international interest because farm children are less often atopic, have less allergic disease, and often have less asthma than do nonfarm children--findings consistent with the hygiene hypothesis. We studied a cohort of rural Iowa children to determine the association between farm and other environmental risk factors with four asthma outcomes: doctor-diagnosed asthma, doctor-diagnosed asthma/medication for wheeze, current wheeze, and cough with exercise. Doctor-diagnosed asthma prevalence was 12%, but at least one of these four health outcomes was found in more than a third of the cohort. Multivariable models of the four health outcomes found independent associations between male sex (three asthma outcomes), age (three asthma outcomes), a personal history of allergies (four asthma outcomes), family history of allergic disease (two asthma outcomes), premature birth (one asthma outcome), early respiratory infection (three asthma outcomes), high-risk birth (two asthma outcomes), and farm exposure to raising swine and adding antibiotics to feed (two asthma outcomes). The high prevalence of rural childhood asthma and asthma symptoms underscores the need for asthma screening programs and improved asthma diagnosis and treatment. The high prevalence of asthma health outcomes among farm children living on farms that raise swine (44.1%, p = 0.01) and raise swine and add antibiotics to feed (55.8%, p = 0.013), despite lower rates of atopy and personal histories of allergy, suggests the need for awareness and prevention measures and more population-based studies to further assess environmental and genetic determinants of asthma among farm children.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Methotrexate and Mycophenolate Mofetil for Noninfectious Uveitis
Authors: Sivakumar R. Rathinam, Manohar Babu, Radhika Thundikandy, Anuradha Kanakath, Natalie Nardone, Elizabeth Esterberg, Salena M. Lee, Wayne T.A. Enanoria, Travis C. Porco, Erica N. Browne, Rachel Weinrib, Nisha R. Acharya
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Canine Scabies in Dogs and in Humans
Authors: Edgar B. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Twenty-two cases of human infestation with Sarcoptes scabiei variety canis contracted from pets with canine scabies were seen. The characteristic features of the condition in humans include the sudden onset of intensely pruritic papules and vesicles on areas of contact with the pet, often occurring simultaneously in several members of the family, the lack of burrows and great difficulty in demonstrating mites in the human, and the excellent response to scabicides. Canine infestations occur more frequently in puppies and are manifested by erythema, scaling, and papules occurring initially in the axillary and inguinal areas. The lesions may spread over the entire body and are associated with intense pruritus and the development of alopecia. Mites may be demonstrated in scrapings from the ears and intertriginous folds of the dog.
Pain Management: Assessment and Treatment of Chronic and Acute Syndromes
Authors: S. Datta
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<i>Pain Management</i>has been written by the physicians involved with the pain management center of New Jersey Medical School of Newark. Because of the multidisciplinary basis of the unit, the authors give a cohesive and wellorganized state-of-the-art technique of management of both acute and chronic pain. It is an easily read book aimed mainly at physicians who are likewise involved with pain management. Most of the chapters are short and to the point, some of them finishing with summaries. Highlights of the book are the chapters on pain mechanisms, drug therapy for chronic pain, laser photobiostimulation, acute pain and its management, and headache. These chapters are interesting and full of the latest information on both clinical and laboratory research. They are also practical and clinically applicable. However, the sections on psychological therapy for chronic pain, acupuncture, and meditation are deficient. These chapters are full of history, but I wonder how
Molecular Pathways: Trafficking of Metabolic Resources in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Iris L. Romero, Abir Mukherjee, Hilary A. Kenny, Lacey M. Litchfield, Ernst Lengyel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract A model of tumor metabolism is proposed that describes how the complementary metabolic functions of the local stroma and the tumor cells contribute to cancer progression. Cancer cells alter the metabolism of cancer-associated fibroblasts to obtain lactate and amino acids, which are utilized for energy production, rapid growth, and resistance to chemotherapy drugs. Cancer cells use glutamine supplied by cancer-associated fibroblasts to replenish tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and as a nitrogen source for nucleotide synthesis. Moreover, adipocytes in the microenvironment attract cancer cells through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and proteases. The cancer cells then induce metabolic changes in the adipocytes to acquire free fatty acids that are oxidized by cancer cells to generate energy for proliferation. Increasing knowledge about the metabolic symbiosis within the tumor has led to novel therapeutic strategies designed to restrict metabolic adaptation, including inhibiting lactate transporters and repurposing antidiabetic drugs (thiazolidinediones, metformin). Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 680–6. ©2015 AACR.
C-Reactive Protein Upregulates Complement-Inhibitory Factors in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Shu-Hong Li, Paul E. Szmitko, Richard D. Weisel, Chao-Hung Wang, Paul W.M. Fedak, Ren-Ke Li, Donald A.G. Mickle, Subodh Verma
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Because complement-mediated vascular injury participates in atherosclerosis and C-reactive protein (CRP) can activate the complement cascade, we sought to determine whether CRP affects the expression of the protective complement-inhibitory factors on the cell surface of endothelial cells (ECs). Methods and Results— Human coronary artery or human saphenous vein ECs were incubated with CRP (0 to 100 μg/mL, 0 to 72 hours), and the expression of the complement-inhibitory proteins decay-accelerating factor (DAF), membrane cofactor protein (CD46), and CD59 were measured by flow cytometry. Incubation with CRP resulted in a significant increase in the expression of all 3 proteins. CRP-induced upregulation of DAF required increased steady-state mRNA and de novo protein synthesis. The increased expression of complement-inhibitory proteins was functionally effective, resulting in significant reduction of complement-mediated lysis of antibody-coated human saphenous vein ECs. Conclusions— These observations provide evidence for a possible protective role for CRP in atherogenesis.
CD4+ beta islet cell-reactive T cell clones that suppress autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.
Authors: I Akhtar, J P Gold, L Y Pan, J L Ferrara, X D Yang, J I Kim, K N Tan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

We report the isolation of a panel of CD4+ T helper type 1 autoreactive T cell clones from the spleen of unprimed nonobese diabetic mice, a murine model of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The T cell clones express a diverse repertoire of T cell receptors, three of which recognize beta islet cell autoantigen(s). The islet cell-reactive T cell clones inhibit adoptive transfer of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and intraislet lymphocytic infiltration. The protective capacity of the T cell clones correlates with their ability to produce a novel immunoregulatory activity that potently inhibits in vitro allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. The partially purified activity significantly inhibited the adoptive transfer of diabetes. Our work provides evidence in support of the existence of T helper type 1, CD4+ T cells reactive to beta islet cell autoantigens that have acquired a protective instead of a diabetogenic effector function. These T cells mediate their protective action in part by production of an immunoregulatory activity capable of down-regulating immune responses, and they are likely to represent a population of regulatory T cells that normally plays a role in maintaining peripheral tolerance.
Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy -- To Treat or Not to Treat?
Authors: Edmund J. Lewis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

In 1860 Dr. Jacob Bigelow, a former president of the Massachusetts Medical Society, published Nature in Disease, a compilation of essays that encouraged the medical profession to understand the natural course of disease and to test the value of therapeutic measures by using the scientific method. In an essay entitled “On the Treatment of Disease,” he wrote: “In self-limited diseases, our treatment must be of the expectant character. It consists in doing what we can for the comfort and safety of the patient, avoiding useless and troublesome applications, watching against accidents and complications and waiting for the salutary operations of . . .