tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects on C-reactive protein on the lymphoid system. I. Binding to thymus-dependent lymphocytes and alteration of their functions.
Authors: R F Mortensen, A P Osmand, H Gewurz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein which shares with the immunoglobulins the ability to induce precipitation and agglutination reactions and activate the complement system. We report here that purified human CRP binds selectively to human T lymphocytes, inhibits their ability to form spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and inhibits their response to allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte culture reactions; it fails to inhibit phytohemagglutinin- or concanavalin-A-induced mitogenesis. CRP does not bind to human B lymphocytes, nor does it alter the following B-cell functions: binding to activated complement components or the Fc portion of immunoglobulins, mediation of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity reactions or the ability of allogeneic cells to stimulate a mixed lymphocyte culture reaction. Human CRP shows similar selective binding with murine T lymphocytes. It therefore seems that binding of CRP is a property of T lymphocytes or a subpopulation thereof, and can result in modulation of certain of the T-cell functional characteristics in vitro. We suggest that CRP may play a role in modulating T-cell functions during the inflammatory state.
Long-term evaluation of positional therapy with the sleep position trainer (SPT) in the treatment of positional obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (POSA)
Authors: J. Peter Van Maanen, Nico De Vries
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Study Objectives  To investigate long-term compliance and effects on subjective sleep parameters in a group of POSA patients using the SPT for a period of 6 months.  Methods  Multicentre, prospective, observational study. Patients older than 18 years with mild to moderate POSAwere enrolled from 18 participating hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients slept with the Sleep Position Trainer (SPT), strapped to the chest, for a period of 6 months (or less when the device was not tolerated well). The SPT measures body position and vibrates when the patient lies in supine position. Patients filled in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at inclusion and after 1, 3 and 6 months. Patients9 inclusion and follow up was in the period of February 2012 to February 2013.  Results  145 POSA patients were included. 106 patients registered online and uploaded their SPT data to the online database. Compliance, defined as use of the SPT for at least four hours per night, was 64.4%. During the 6 months follow up median ESS changed from 11 to 7, FOSQ from 91 to 103, PSQI from 7 to 6. Median percentage of supine sleep decreased rapidly after therapy started and this decrease was stable over time.  Conclusion  The SPT applied for 6 months seems a successful and well-tolerated treatment for patients with POSA, which diminishes subjective sleepiness, improves sleep-related quality of life and effectively reduces percentage of supine sleep time. Further research, especially in comparing its efficacy to other treatments, is ongoing.
Correlation Between Presence of Leukemia Virus in Cultured Cells and Their Immunogenicity in a Leukemia Isotransplant System&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Judith R. Tennant, Giorgio Lambertenghi, Susan Kingsley, Etienne de Herven
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Cells from 6 established cell culture lines, representing 4 species, were exposed to infection by a murine lympholeukemogenic virus, BALB/Tennant-leukemia (B/T-L). After 4 culture passages without further addition of virus, cells from each of these sublines, and from parallel non-infected cultures of each line, were checked for virus production and immunogenic effect in a leukemia isotransplant system. Cell pellets were examined by electron microscope for evidence of Type C virus production. Cells from each culture were injected into groups of mice at weekly intervals For 4 weeks. Six to eight days after the last injection, the pretreated mice together with non pretreated controls were challenged with a standard dose of cells From an isotransplanted leukemia which had originally been induced in that host strain by the B/T-L virus. Three murine cell lines produced large numbers of Type C particles after contact with the virus, these 3 lines, as well as an additional mouse line, were immunogenic in the isotransplant system. A hamster line and a human line, however, though exposed to B/T-L virus under similar conditions, did not appear to be infected, no virus particles were found on electron microscopic examination of these cells after they were subjected to the virus, and the cells were not immunogenic in the iso-transplant system. Thus the immunogenicity of cells exposed to the virus correlated well with the presence of virus particles in those cells.
Professionalism and its Implications for Governance and Accountability of Graduate Medical Education in the United States
Authors: Thomas J. Nasca
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Personal paper: Has health economics lost its way?
Authors: D P Kernick
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Until recently, medicine was fairly straightforward. The doctor had limited therapeutic options, patients did as they were told, and mortality was an unequivocal outcome. Now medicine has become health care, an amalgam of psychology, physiology, anthropology, epidemiology, education, management theory, and politics. Economics has been the latest candidate for the melting pot, on the back of a simple message: when resources are limited, relating the cost of an intervention to its benefits can facilitate the difficult choices that have to be made between competing options. In Britain, with the development of a primary care led service, 1this approach will be of particular relevance to general practice. Although the difficulties of applying traditional economics to health care and the uncertain relation between health care and health is well recognised, the introduction of internal market reform in Britain in the 1980s gave health economists a chance to establish their credentials and assert their influence on the way health care is delivered. But the early optimism that health economics could provide an explicit framework which could facilitate an ethical approach to the inevitable rationing of health care has proved illusory. And although the importance of economic information is clearly recognised,23 economic studies have little impact on healthcare decisions, which continue to be made with little or no evidence of cost effectiveness.4Why should this be? #### Summary points
Risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Southern Europe: A case-control study
Authors: Giulia Paolocci, Veronica Nicolic, Ilenia Folletti, Kjell Torén, Angela Gambelunghe, Marco dell'Omo, Giacomo Muzi, Giuseppe Abbritti, Nicola Murgia
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause associated with the histopathologic and/or radiologic pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). In America, Northern Europe and Japan occupational risk factors have been found to be significantly associated with IPF.  Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between occupational exposure IPF in Southern Europe.  Methods: The study population comprised 66 patients from Umbria, Central Italy, with a diagnosis of IPF based on UIP radiological pattern at CT-scan. Controls (n=276) were ascertained casually among general population from the same catching area without a doctor diagnosed pulmonary fibrosis. Data were collected using a questionnaire used previously in a similar survey. Logistic regression adjusted for sex, age and smoking habits was used to evaluate the association between IPF and occupational risk factors.  Results: Exposures to cutting oils (OR=9.65,95%CI=1.32-70.34) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at work (OR=1.96,95%CI=1.03-3.73) were risk factors for IPF. Household exposure to ETS (OR=2.13,95%CI=1.11-4.08) or taking care of birds at home (OR=2.14,95%CI=1.13-4.05) were also associated with IPF.  Conclusions: This is the first study on occupational risk factors for IPF where case definition is based on the new ATS/ERS Statement. In this study cutting oils and ETS seem to be relevant risk factors for IPF. Our results do not confirm data from previous similar studies. This discrepancy could be explained by the different geographical origins of the populations considered, reflecting also different occupational exposures.
Developing Therapies for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Javed Butler, Gregg C. Fonarow, Michael R. Zile, Carolyn S. Lam, Lothar Roessig, Erik B. Schelbert, Sanjiv J. Shah, Ali Ahmed, Robert O. Bonow, John G.F. Cleland, Robert J. Cody, Ovidiu Chioncel, Sean P. Collins, Preston Dunnmon, Gerasimos Filippatos, Martin P. Lefkowitz, Catherine N. Marti, John J. McMurray, Frank Misselwitz, Savina Nodari, Christopher O'Connor, Marc A. Pfeffer, Burkert Pieske, Bertram Pitt, Giuseppe Rosano, Hani N. Sabbah, Michele Senni, Scott D. Solomon, Norman Stockbridge, John R. Teerlink, Vasiliki V. Georgiopoulou, Mihai Gheorghiade
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)
Rethinking the Focus of Heart Failure Quality Measures
Authors: E. Wilson Grandin, Mariell Jessup
Journal: Circulation (2015)

B y the early 2000s, several landmark trials had demon- strated clear morbidity and mortality benefit for neurohormonal antagonists and vasodilators in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), including β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers, aldosterone antagonists, and the combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate.These therapies were justifiably assimilated into guidelines for the treatment of patients with HFrEF, but evidence emerged documenting wide variability in compliance with evidencebased therapies and clinical outcomes. 1At the same time, important studies highlighted that patients started on ACEi and β-blockers while hospitalized for heart failure (HF) were much more likely to remain on these therapies during followup than if initiation was deferred to the outpatient setting. 2,3ospital-based interventions to improve compliance with HF therapies suggested clinical benefit with reduced HF readmissions and mortality, 4 and support for this inpatient strategy was buttressed by similar efforts aimed at patients with coronary artery disease.
Polymorphisms of the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene in Japanese patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD)
Authors: Kenya Kohyama, Akemi Kohyama, Shyuzo Abe, Junichiro Morioka, Kazumi Kodaira, Kentaro Nakano, Ryosuke Souma, Hideyuki Satoh, Naoto Fueki, Yasutsugu Fukushima
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

AERD is known to represent acute asthmatic attacks by means of ingestion of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID).Individuals with AERD are more commonly found in middle-aged female, and their asthmatic symptoms tend to be chronic, perennial and severe. However, the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the development of this specific asthma phenotype have not yet been fully understood. Recent studies have reported that levels of DBP in the airway are elevated in children with severe asthma. In this study, we examined the DBP gene polymorphisms in a Japanese adult population. Methods: DNA specimens were obtained from the following three groups:100 patients with AERD, 100 patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma(ATA), and 50 normal controls. Allelic discrimination assay for single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) relating to the DBP gene expression was carried out by using previously described SNPs detective system, sequence-specific thermal-elution chromatography. Results: The frequencies of the CT/TT genotype of DBP(rs4588) were higher than those of the CC genotype in AERD patients compared to ATA patients(P=0.002). In female AERD patients, but not in males, frequencies of the CT/TT genotype were higher than those of the CC genotype of DBP compared to female ATA patients(P=0.004). Furthermore, in AERD patients, the eosinophil counts of the CT/TT genotype of DBP were higher than those of the CC genotype(P=0.046). Conclusions: We were the first to analyze DBP gene polymorphism in Japanese patients with AERD, and showed that DBP gene polymorphism in Japanese patients with AERD is different from that in the patients with ATA.
Monoclonal Antibodies Reactive With Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E D Ball, R F Graziano, O S Pettengill, G D Sorenson, M W Fanger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) reactive with antigens associated with small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) were prepared and partially characterized. Four were selected for further study on the basis of their lack of reactivity with normal leukocytes and erythrocytes. These MoAb, designated SCCL-41, SCCL-114, SCCL-124, and SCCL-175, are all IgM immunoglobulins. The binding of these MoAb to patient-derived SCCL tumor cells, SCCL cell lines, and non-SCCL cell lines was studied by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Considerable heterogeneity in the expression of these cell surface antigens was noted among both the patient-derived tumor cells and the SCCL cell lines. One of the MoAb, SCCL-175, reacted with 7 of 7 patient-derived tumor cell samples and 9 of 10 SCCL cell lines. None of the antigens defined by these MoAb were expressed on non-SCCL lung tumor cell lines. SCCL-175 reacted with cells from both a choriocarcinoma and a colon carcinoma cell line, whereas the other 3 MoAb were unreactive with these and several other tumor cell lines. These MoAb may be useful in the diagnosis and subclassification of SCCL tumors.
Morphology of Foci Produced by Standard Preparations of Rous Sarcoma Virus
Authors: H. Graham Purchase, William Okazaki
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Six preparations of Rous sarcoma virus from 3 different sources were titrated in chick-embryo tissue culture under identical conditions and the morphology of the foci compared. The virus preparations can be divided into 3 groups according to the morphology of the foci and the presence or absence of “giant cells.” Only the preparations CT916 (“high titer strain”) and CT895 produced “giant cells.” The possible origin of the differences in morphology is discussed.
A Novel Cinnamon-Related Natural Product with Pim-1 Inhibitory Activity Inhibits Leukemia and Skin Cancer
Authors: Jong-Eun Kim, Joe Eun Son, Hyein Jeong, Dong Joon Kim, Sang Gwon Seo, Eunjung Lee, Tae Gyu Lim, Jong Rhan Kim, Yengo Raymond Kimbung, Hanyong Chen, Ann M. Bode, Ki Won Lee, Zigang Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

The Pim-1 kinase regulates cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation and is overexpressed frequently in many malignancies, including leukemia and skin cancer. In this study, we used kinase profiling analysis to demonstrate that 2'-hydroxycinnamicaldehyde (2'-HCA), a compound found in cinnamon, specifically inhibits Pim-1 activity. Cocrystallography studies determined the hydrogen bonding pattern between 2'-HCA and Pim-1. Notably, 2'-HCA binding altered the apo kinase structure in a manner that shielded the ligand from solvent, thereby acting as a gatekeeper loop. Biologically, 2'-HCA inhibited the growth of human erythroleukemia or squamous epidermoid carcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis. The compound was also effective as a chemopreventive agent against EGF-mediated neoplastic transformation. Finally, 2'-HCA potently suppressed the growth of mouse xenografts representing human leukemia or skin cancer. Overall, our results offered preclinical proof of concept for 2'-HCA as a potent anticancer principle arising from direct targeting of the Pim-1 kinase.
Neutrophil-dominant inflammation is associated with severity in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infection
Authors: Takashi Inomata, Satoshi Konno, Katsura Nagai, Masaharu Nishimura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

RATIONALE: Pulmonary NTM infections are being recognized worldwide with increasing frequency in immunocompetent patients. The clinical course of this disease varies among patients. However, the mechanism and factors associated with deterioration is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cell differentiation status in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and the severity of HRCT findings in patients with NTM infection.  METHODS: Twenty immunocompetent patients who were diagnosed with a lung NTM infection by positive cultures and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Based on the preferential percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes in BAL fluids, patients were divided into two groups; a neutrophil-dominant and a lymphocyte-dominant group. The HRCT scores indicating the extent and severity of airway disease (modified method of Fowler et al. Eur Respir J 2007) was compared between the groups.  RESULTS: The numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly higher in patients with NTM (17.4 ± 6.7 and 6.9 ± 2.1 x10^4/ml) than those in healthy controls (0.1 ± 0.1 and 0.8 ± 0.2 x10^4/ml) (p  CONCLUSION: Neutrophil-dominant inflammation due to pulmonary NTM infection was related to severity of HRCT findings in patients with NTM infection. These results will help in understanding the biological defense mechanism against NTM.
Identification of <i>OTX2</i> as a Medulloblastoma Oncogene Whose Product can be Targeted by All-<i>Trans</i> Retinoic Acid
Authors: Chunhui Di, Shaoxi Liao, David C. Adamson, Timothy J. Parrett, Daniel K. Broderick, Qun Shi, Christoph Lengauer, Jordan M. Cummins, Victor E. Velculescu, Daniel W. Fults, Roger E. McLendon, Darell D. Bigner, Hai Yan
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Through digital karyotyping of permanent medulloblastoma cell lines, we found that the homeobox gene OTX2 was amplified more than 10-fold in three cell lines. Gene expression analyses showed that OTX2 transcripts were present at high levels in 14 of 15 (93%) medulloblastomas with anaplastic histopathologic features. Knockdown of OTX2 expression by siRNAs inhibited medulloblastoma cell growth in vitro, whereas pharmacologic doses of all-trans retinoic acid repressed OTX2 expression and induced apoptosis only in medulloblastoma cell lines that expressed OTX2. These observations suggest that OTX2 is essential for the pathogenesis of anaplastic medulloblastomas and that these tumors may be amenable to therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid.
Associations of Central and Peripheral Blood Pressure With Cardiac Structure and Function in an Adolescent Birth Cohort
Authors: Diana L.S. Ferreira, Abigail Fraser, Laura D. Howe, Siana Jones, George Davey Smith, Debbie A. Lawlor, Robyn J. Tapp, Andy R. Ness, John E. Deanfield, Nish Chaturvedi, Alun D. Hughes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
The comorbid patients with arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Assessment of diastolic wall strain
Authors: Olena Soya, Olexandr Kuryata
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

BACKGROUND. Now we evaluated an increasing of comorbid patients with arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The recent studies in patients with heart failure provided data concerning novel echocardiographic index of LV function - so called diastolic wall strain (DWS) index, which could represent a less load-dependent measure of LV diastolic wall stiffness. But there is no data about DWS index in patient with arterial hypertension (AH) and COPD.  METHODS. Observed 49 patients with AH (39 male, mean age 55.3 +/- 4.1 years) and 56 hypertensive patients with COPD (43 male, mean age 57.1 +/- 4.3 years; FEV1 = 61,7+/-4.9%). Twenty healthy age-matched non-smokers served as a control group. Echocardiography were performed for all patients with assessment LV filling pattern and DWS as difference between posterior wall thickness (PWT) at end-systole and end-diastole divided by the PWT at end-systole.  RESULTS. Diastolic wall strain was lower in controls (0.19 +/- 0.08) than in patients with arterial hypertension and COPD (0.29 +/- 0.09, P 0.05). DWS correlated with mitral E/A ratio in hypertensive patient (p=0.03), because of close relation between DWS and LV stiffness. The patients in both groups had higher LV mass index and relative wall thickness compare with controls.  CONCLUSION: The patients with AH and hypertensive patients with COPD had increasing of DWS, which could reflect growth of LV diastolic wall stiffness. The increasing of DWS could be predictive for future cardiovascular events.
Results of a randomized trial comparing MVPP chemotherapy with a hybrid regimen, ChlVPP/EVA, in the initial treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: J A Radford, D Crowther, A Z Rohatiner, W D Ryder, R K Gupta, A Oza, D P Deakin, S Arnott, P M Wilkinson, R D James
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE AND METHODS Between December 1984 and August 1992, 423 patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease (HD) were entered onto a randomized clinical trial that compared the regimen of mechlorethamine, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MVPP) with a doxorubicin-containing hybrid regimen (chlorambucil, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone/etoposide, vincristine, and doxorubicin [ChlVPP/EVA]). Median age for the group was 29.5 years (range, 15.2 to 68.8), and 52% had bulk disease. RESULTS After chemotherapy, patients in the hybrid arm of the trial had a higher complete remission (CR) rate (68.1% v 55.3%) and a lower failure rate (2.4% v 12.5%) than those in the MVPP arm. There were also fewer deaths during treatment in the hybrid arm of the trial (five v 13). With a median follow-up period for survivors of 4.5 years (range, 0 to 9), actuarial 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) for all cases is 80% in the hybrid arm and 66% in the MVPP arm (P = .005). A nonsignificant trend toward a better overall survival in the hybrid arm of the trial has also been identified. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ChlVPP/EVA hybrid is superior to MVPP in the treatment of HD. It has therefore been adopted as standard first-line therapy at the two centers.