tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
REPORT OF A CASE OF PERIHEPATITIS AND PLEURISY RESULTING FROM INJURY.
Authors: J. M. G. CARTER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The case which is the subject of this paper was that of a farmer's daughter of German descent, aged 15 years. She was in good health although rather under weight as compared with girls of her age, and had passed the period of puberty. Her parents were strong robust people. On Sept. 15, 1895, she fell from a tree a few feet, 10 or 12, and struck her right side against a stone, receiving an injury which stunned her. At the time I saw the patient, two hours after the accident, the pulse was 130, respirations 40, temperature normal. The seventh and eighth ribs on the right side were fractured. A bandage was put around the thorax, and remedies administered to secure rest. On the following day the pulse was 120, temperature 102 and respiration 30. Considerable tenderness was manifested over the liver and injury of that organ was suspected.
Postpneumonectomy pulmonary oedema.
Authors: L Verheijen-Breemhaar, J M Bogaard, B van den Berg, C Hilvering
Journal: Thorax (1988)

The occurrence of pulmonary oedema was studied retrospectively in 243 patients who underwent pneumonectomy in one hospital from 1975 to 1984. Pulmonary oedema developed in eight of 113 patients who had a right sided pneumonectomy and in three of 130 patients undergoing a left sided procedure. It occurred more commonly in patients requiring a second thoracotomy because of blood loss (in three out of seven patients). There were no significant differences preoperatively in pulmonary function, lung perfusion scans, or cardiovascular condition between patients who subsequently developed pulmonary oedema and those who did not. Postoperative fluid balance was significantly more positive in patients developing pulmonary oedema than in those not developing oedema. Thus pulmonary oedema was associated with right sided pneumonectomy, repeat thoracotomy, and more positive fluid balance.
Cancer Among Nuclear Test Participants-Reply
Authors: Glyn G. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We accept Dr Grossman's criticism that the fate of the 145 participants could markedly affect the outcome of the study but do not accept his implication that, because they could not be traced, they have all died. Some of the untraced 145 participants almost certainly have died and some of these of cancer, but how many? Of the 145, we knew the Social Security Account Number (SSAN) for 63. Evidence of death was not found after these were submitted to the Internal Revenue Service, Veterans Administration, and Social Security Death Registry. Those without an SSAN were checked through the Veterans Administration, National Personnel Records Center, Social Security Administration, and Federal Bureau of Investigation for either an SSAN or evidence of death. No other sources of data were available unless we had each name reviewed by each state for each of 22 years. Even if this had been done,
Mechanism of enhanced insulin sensitivity in athletes. Increased blood flow, muscle glucose transport protein (GLUT-4) concentration, and glycogen synthase activity.
Authors: P Ebeling, R Bourey, L Koranyi, J A Tuominen, L C Groop, J Henriksson, M Mueckler, A Sovijärvi, V A Koivisto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We examined the mechanisms of enhanced insulin sensitivity in 9 male healthy athletes (age, 25 +/- 1 yr; maximal aerobic power [VO2max], 57.6 +/- 1.0 ml/kg per min) as compared with 10 sedentary control subjects (age, 28 +/- 2 yr; VO2max, 44.1 +/- 2.3 ml/kg per min). In the athletes, whole body glucose disposal (240-min insulin clamp) was 32% (P < 0.01) and nonoxidative glucose disposal (indirect calorimetry) was 62% higher (P < 0.01) than in the controls. Muscle glycogen content increased by 39% in the athletes (P < 0.05) but did not change in the controls during insulin clamp. VO2max correlated with whole body (r = 0.60, P < 0.01) and nonoxidative glucose disposal (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). In the athletes forearm blood flow was 64% greater (P < 0.05) than in the controls, whereas their muscle capillary density was normal. Basal blood flow was related to VO2max (r = 0.63, P < 0.05) and glucose disposal during insulin infusion (r = 0.65, P < 0.05). The forearm glucose uptake in the athletes was increased by 3.3-fold (P < 0.01) in the basal state and by 73% (P < 0.05) during insulin infusion. Muscle glucose transport protein (GLUT-4) concentration was 93% greater in the athletes than controls (P < 0.01) and it was related to VO2max (r = 0.61, P < 0.01) and to whole body glucose disposal (r = 0.60, P < 0.01). Muscle glycogen synthase activity was 33% greater in the athletes than in the controls (P < 0.05), and the basal glycogen synthase fractional activity was closely related to blood flow (r = 0.88, P < 0.001). In conclusion: (a) athletes are characterized by enhanced muscle blood flow and glucose uptake. (b) The cellular mechanisms of glucose uptake are increased GLUT-4 protein content, glycogen synthase activity, and glucose storage as glycogen. (c) A close correlation between glycogen synthase fractional activity and blood flow suggests that they are causally related in promoting glucose disposal.
Fighting destructive forces spiritually
Authors: J. S Bradshaw
Journal: BMJ (1983)

continue to see, patients with prolonged prothrombin times (120-180 s; normal, 12 s) without any clinical signs of bleeding, and others with short prothrombin times (17-19 s) who have haemorrhagic episodes.'Is it not time we were honest with ourselves and admitted that the committees on stan- dardisation of thromboplastin serve no real purpose?Despite many claims, the best thromboplastin reagent to use is that which, through experience, gives reasonable control to suit one's own patients.None of the thromboplastin reagents, standard or other- wise, can provide absolute criteria as to the occurrence of bleeding complications.
Bacterial Perianal Dermatitis
Authors: H Peltola
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Figure 1. A four-year-old boy was seen by the pediatrician because of difficulty sleeping and intense pruritus in the anal region, with a three-day history of local redness in the anal region. His mother had attempted to relieve the itching by washing the area with soap and water and applying a nonprescription cream. On examination, the boy looked healthy; did not have a fever, tonsillitis, or scarlet fever; and had no symptoms or signs except a sharply demarcated area of erythema, approximately 5 cm in diameter, around the anus. There was no satellite dermatitis elsewhere. A swab of the infected . . .
Nurse practitioners for management of childhood eczema
Authors: H.C. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Conflicts of interest None declared. ORIGINAL ARTICLE, p162 Nurses are highly valued members of the secondary care dermatology team, especially for providing support in the management of chronic skin diseases such as atopic eczema. Yet, as two recent systematic reviews have highlighted,1, 2 the number of good quality randomized controlled trials assessing dermatology nurse support is small. The study by Schuttelaar et al.3 in this month’s British Journal of Dermatology is therefore a breath of fresh air, as it fills an important gap in knowledge with regard to the assessment of a nurse practitioner vs. a dermatologist in the care of a child with eczema from the first point of contact in a secondary care setting. The study finds that children with eczema who were randomized to a nurse practitioner educational care programme enjoyed improvements in quality of life and disease severity that were comparable with those being randomized to a dermatologist. The study also suggests that satisfaction, as measured by a client satisfaction questionnaire, is slightly higher with the nurse practitioner. Three points are worth further elaboration with regard to this study.
Treatment of filarial lymphoedema and elephantiasis with 5,6-benzo-alpha-pyrone (coumarin).
Authors: J R Casley-Smith, C T Wang, J R Casley-Smith, C Zi-hai
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To study efficacy of treatment of filarial lymphoedema and elephantiasis with 5,6-benzo-alpha-pyrone. DESIGN--Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study with matching for grade and duration of disease, age, and sex. Treatment was given for 367 days, and subjects were followed up for another year. SETTING--A town in Shandong Province, China. SUBJECTS--104 men and women with chronic unilateral filarial lymphoedema or elephantiasis of the leg: 64 were randomised to benzopyrone and 40 to placebo. By the end of the study 19 patients had dropped out of the treatment group and two out of the placebo group. INTERVENTIONS--Two 200 mg tablets of 5,6-benzo-alpha-pyrone or two placebo tablets given daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Volumes of the affected and normal legs estimated every three months, and daily listing of any side effects. RESULTS--Benzopyrone reduced oedema for all grades of lymphoedema during the year of treatment (pW0.001) and the follow up year (p = 0.026). During treatment the mean monthly reductions in leg volume were 0.62% (95% confidence intervals 0.4% to 0.85%), 1.1% (0.71% to 1.6%), and 1.6% (0.89% to 2.3%) of the volume of the normal leg for grades 1, 2, and 3-5 (elephantiasis) of lymphoedema respectively. During follow up the mean monthly reductions were 0.18% (0.01% to 0.35%), 0.54% (0.27% to 0.82%), and 0.87% (0.51% to 1.2%). At the end of the trial the total reduction in oedema was 100%, 95%, and 45% for grades 1, 2, and 3-5. Symptoms and complications were considerably reduced, including attacks of secondary acute inflammation, while side effects were minor and disappeared after one month. In the placebo group there were no changes in the severity of lymphoedema. CONCLUSIONS--5,6-benzo-alpha-pyrone reduces the oedema and many symptoms of filarial lymphoedema and elephantiasis. It has few side effects, and its relatively slow action makes it ideal for use without compression garments.
Acute myeloid leukemia creates an arginase-dependent immunosuppressive microenvironment
Authors: Francis Mussai, Carmela De Santo, Issa Abu-Dayyeh, Sarah Booth, Lynn Quek, Rosanna M. McEwen-Smith, Amrana Qureshi, Francesco Dazzi, Paresh Vyas, Vincenzo Cerundolo
Journal: Blood (2013)
Time for a reality check of NPfIT's problems
Authors: C. Pagliari, P. Singleton, D. E Detmer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Problems with technology, contracts, timescales, organisational change, and user acceptance have continually dogged the NHS national programme for IT (NPfIT),1 but critics need to get these into perspective before seeking to tear down the enterprise.

Similar difficulties have historically beset most large information technology projects in the corporate and public …
Long hours locum doctor is struck off after failing to address shortcomings
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A German GP who worked 13 hour shifts for as many as 24 days in a row as an out of hours locum in southern England has been struck off after producing no evidence that he tried to address the deficiencies identified last year in a fitness to practise hearing.

Volker Bornmann’s case aroused media attention last June because of allegations that he had risked deficient performance by working excessive hours. A string of patient complaints were made against him during a single nine day stint of 13 hour …
"Headbanging" and carotid dissection.
Authors: M A Jackson, R C Hughes, S P Ward, E G McInnes
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Headbanging" and carotid dissection "Headbanging" is the term used to denote vigorous, rhythmical, rapid flexion and extension of the neck in time to music.We report on a boy who was found post mortem to have a dissecting aneurysm of the left internal carotid artery.This dissection was considered to be the direct result of headbanging. Case reportA 15 year old white boy went to a rock concert, where he indulged in headbanging.During the evening he drank three pints (1-7 1) of beer but did not take any drugs.The next morning he was difficult to rouse, was later found only half dressed in his room, and appeared very unsteady.He walked unassisted downstairs, where it was noted that he could not stand on his right leg or use his right arm; he could not speak and could only make slurred noises.He was admitted to hospital 14 hours after leaving the concert.
Abstract 3964: Appropriate conditioning of CD4+T cells for antitumor immunotherapy.
Authors: Tomohiro Tanaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract It is now evident that lymphodepleting cytotoxic regimens augment antitumor immunity. We and others have demonstrated that transfer of naïve T cells after sublethal whole body irradiation induces antitumor effector T cells and inhibits tumor progression. We recently reported that CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) largely increased after whole body irradiation and suppressed the development of antitumor immune responses during recovery from lymphopenia. Depletion of these radio-resistant Treg following lymphodepletion significantly enhanced antitumor immunity (Baba J, et al. 2012, Blood). The combination of lymphodepletion and transfer of naïve T cells seems to be a promising approach for antitumor immunotherapy. But harvesting sufficient number of T lymphocytes from tumor-bearing patients is difficult. To obtain enough number of T cells that were capable of recognizing tumor-antigens, we expanded naïve T cells in vitro with culturing in CM containing several cytokines. CD4 or CD8 T cells from naïve spleens were activated with immobilized anti-CD3 mAbs for 2 days. Stimulated cells were maintained in CM with the combination of IL-2 (16 U/ml), IL-7 (10 ng/ml), IL-15 (10 ng/ml) and IL-23 (2 ng/ml) for additional 7 days. TCR-Vβ expressions of cultured T cells revealed that they maintained TCR diversity. To evaluate antitumor effects of these cells, mice were irradiated with 500 cGy to deplete lymphocytes and were transferred i.v. with the cultured T cells (4 x 107). On the same day, mice were inoculated s.c. with MCA205 tumor cells (1 x 105). We found that expanded CD4+ T cells mediated regression of s.c. tumors. In contrast, CD8+ T cells alone did not have therapeutic effects even combined with depletion of Treg. Next, we examined T cells proliferation by labeling with the CFSE and evaluated IFN-γ production after stimulation with specific tumor cells. Cultured CD4+ T cells proliferated rapidly and developed into tumor-specific effector T cells after transfer into lymphopenic hosts. Because CD4+ T cells from OT-II mice, that recognize Ovalbumin peptide specifically, did not show any antitumor effects after transfer into lymphopenic mice, this antitumor activity of CD4+ T cells is more likely to be tumor-antigen specific. Interestingly, using irradiated Rag-2 knockout mice as recipient abrogated antitumor effects of transferred cultured CD4+ T cells. Our results indicated that the combination of lymphodepletion and transfer of in vitro expanded CD4+ T cells has a potent antitumor efficacy, and recipient cells from irradiated hosts play a role in this treatment model. Citation Format: Tomohiro Tanaka. Appropriate conditioning of CD4+ T cells for antitumor immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3964. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3964
Intravital Imaging Reveals How BRAF Inhibition Generates Drug-Tolerant Microenvironments with High Integrin β1/FAK Signaling
Authors: Eishu Hirata, Maria Romina Girotti, Amaya Viros, Steven Hooper, Bradley Spencer-Dene, Michiyuki Matsuda, James Larkin, Richard Marais, Erik Sahai
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)

Highlights•BRAF mutant melanoma cells respond to PLX4720 heterogeneously in vivo•BRAF inhibition activates MAFs, leading to FAK-dependent melanoma survival signaling•ECM-derived signals can support residual disease•BRAF and FAK inhibition synergize in pre-clinical modelsSummaryIntravital imaging of BRAF-mutant melanoma cells containing an ERK/MAPK biosensor reveals how the tumor microenvironment affects response to BRAF inhibition by PLX4720. Initially, melanoma cells respond to PLX4720, but rapid reactivation of ERK/MAPK is observed in areas of high stromal density. This is linked to "paradoxical" activation of melanoma-associated fibroblasts by PLX4720 and the promotion of matrix production and remodeling leading to elevated integrin β1/FAK/Src signaling in melanoma cells. Fibronectin-rich matrices with 3–12 kPa elastic modulus are sufficient to provide PLX4720 tolerance. Co-inhibition of BRAF and FAK abolished ERK reactivation and led to more effective control of BRAF-mutant melanoma. We propose that paradoxically activated MAFs provide a "safe haven" for melanoma cells to tolerate BRAF inhibition.Graphical abstract
EFFECT OF DIABETES MELLITUS ON THE REVERSE REMODELING RESPONSE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES WITH CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY IN MILDLY SYMPTOMATIC AND ASYMPTOMATIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: A SUB-STUDY OF THE REVERSE TRIAL
Authors: Mauricio Velez, Scott Hetzel, Cecilia Linde, Nancy Sweitzer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Effects of Quinidine on Serum Digoxin Concentration
Authors: DENNIS R. MUNGALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Results of studies of 15 adults placed on quinidine therapy after their serum digoxin concentrations were stabilized showed significantly increased digoxin concentrations. The average digoxin concentration before quinidine therapy was 0.75 ± 0.28 ng/mL and after 4 days of quinidine therapy was 1.41 ± 0.43 ng/mL. During this period, the renal clearance of digoxin decreased from 53.4 ± 21 mL/min · 1.73 m2 to 35.3 ± 12.6 mL/min · 1.73 m2. No significant decrease in creatinine clearance occurred. A significant correlation was found between the individual rise in serum digoxin concentrations and the rise in serum quinidine concentrations. These results suggest that serum digoxin concentration should be monitored closely for at least the first 4 days of quinidine therapy.
A Novel “Stylet” Device for Facilitating the Advancement of a Colonoscope
Authors: M. Ogawa, T. Nakatsu, T. Masaki, A. Morishita, A. Muramatsu, H. Yoneyama, N. Uchida, S. Kuriyama
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

One of the main causes of difficulty when advancing a colonoscope is recurrent loop formation in the sigmoid colon. Techniques that have been developed to prevent this include the use of abdominal pressure, changing the patient’s position, and the employment of a sliding tube [1]. These methods, however, have some disadvantages, such as the possibility of vagal reflexes, patient discomfort, mucosal injury, and discharge of liquid stool. To circumvent these potential problems, we have devised a new instrument, the “stylet”. Here we report the usefulness of the stylet in colonoscopy.
Effect of UVB phototherapy and oral calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) on vitamin D photosynthesis in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Janet H Prystowsky, Pamela J Muzio, Sloane Sevran, Thomas L Clemens
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)

Background: Phototherapy and activated forms of vitamin D help clear psoriasis.Objective: The influence of UVB phototherapy and oral calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) on vitamin D photosynthesis was assessed in 16 patients.Methods: Patients were randomly selected to receive orally either placebo or calcitriol (0.5 to 2 ~tg daily) for the duration of the 8-week study; all patients received approximately 21 UVB treatments.Before and after treamaent, serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcitriol were measured by high-pressure fiquid chromatography.Results: Although calcitriol had no additive effect on phototherapy as a treatment modality, a significant increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels occurred in both groups; in three patients extraordinarily high levels developed (>120 ng/ml).Oral calcitriol significantly increased calcitriol serum levels.Increased serum calcitriol did not inhibit cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D or its hepatic conversion to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.Conclusion: UVB induces high levels of vitamin D photosynthesis.Because oral or topical calcitriol alone helps clear psoriasis, studies to explore the possible influence of UVB phototherapy on its production should be considered.If UVB phototherapy induces cutaneous calcitriol synthesis this could explain the lack of added benefit to treatment when oral calcitriol is administered with phototherapy.(
Effects of indomethacin and meclofenamate on renin release and renal hemodynamic function during chronic sodium depletion in conscious dogs.
Authors: J M De Forrest, J O Davis, R H Freeman, A A Seymour, B P Rowe, G M Williams, T P Davis
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

We studied the control of renin release and renal hemodynamic function by administering prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors to conscious sodium-depleted dogs with blockade of the adrenergic nervous system induced by bilateral renal denervation and propranolol administration. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) reduced plasma renin activity (PRA) by 59% from a high sodium-depleted value, but PRA was still 3 times the normal sodium-repleted level. Arterial pressure, CCr, CPAH, urine flow, and potassium excretion fell strikingly. Similar results were obtained with meclofenamate. When SQ 14,225 was given to another group of conscious, sodium-depleted dogs with adrenergic nervous system blockade, PRA increased from the high sodium-depleted level of 5.7 to 29.3 ng of Angiotensin I (AI)/ml per hour; indomethacin (10 mg/kg) appeared to reduce PRA (0.05 less than P less than 0.1) but to only 12.1 ng of AI/ ml per hour, which is 17 times the normal level. This high level of PRA after blockade of the adrenergic nervous system and injection of indomethacin suggests that important mechanisms other than norepinephrine and renal prostaglandins control renin release; it is proposed that both the renal vascular receptor and the macula densa are involved. The marked decreases in CCr and CPAH in response to indomethacin emphasize the important role of renal prostaglandins in the control of renal hemodynamic function during sodium depletion.