tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevation of Plasma Neurophysin in Women on Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Alan G. Robinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The effect of oral contraceptives on the neurohypophysis was demonstrated by changes in the plasma level of a posterior pituitary protein. neurophysin. Neurophysins are intraneuronal proteins associated with oxytocin and vasopressin. They have been shown to be released into the bloodstream. The resting plasma level of neurophysin in normal nonpregnant women is 0.69 ng/ml+/-0.7 SD. In women on oral contraceptives, the plasma level is 6.4 ng/ml+/-4.2 SD (P<0.001). Estrogen rather than progesterone causes the elevated neurophysin. The effect is observed within 12-24 h of estrogen administration and disappears 3-11 days after estrogen is discontinued. The results indicate that oral contraceptives act on the neurohypophysis and that estrogen is a potent pharmacologic stimulus useful in studying synthesis and release of neurophysin.
Human erythrocytes bind and inactivate type 5 adenovirus by presenting Coxsackie virus-adenovirus receptor and complement receptor 1
Authors: Robert C. Carlisle, Ying Di, Anna M. Cerny, Andreas F.-P. Sonnen, Robert B. Sim, Nicola K. Green, Vladimir Subr, Karel Ulbrich, Robert J. C. Gilbert, Kerry D. Fisher, Robert W. Finberg, Leonard W. Seymour
Journal: Blood (2009)

Type 5 adenovirus (Ad5) is a human pathogen that has been widely developed for therapeutic uses, with only limited success to date. We report here the novel finding that human erythrocytes present Coxsackie virus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) providing an Ad5 sequestration mechanism that protects against systemic infection. Interestingly, erythrocytes from neither mice nor rhesus macaques present CAR. Excess Ad5 fiber protein or anti-CAR antibody inhibits the binding of Ad5 to human erythrocytes and cryo-electron microscopy shows attachment via the fiber protein of Ad5, leading to close juxtaposition with the erythrocyte membrane. Human, but not murine, erythrocytes also present complement receptor (CR1), which binds Ad5 in the presence of antibodies and complement. Transplantation of human erythrocytes into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice extends blood circulation of intravenous Ad5 but decreases its extravasation into human xenograft tumors. Ad5 also shows extended circulation in transgenic mice presenting CAR on their erythrocytes, although it clears rapidly in transgenic mice presenting erythrocyte CR1. Hepatic infection is inhibited in both transgenic models. Erythrocytes may therefore restrict Ad5 infection (natural and therapeutic) in humans, independent of antibody status, presenting a formidable challenge to Ad5 therapeutics. “Stealthing” of Ad5 using hydrophilic polymers may enable circumvention of these natural virus traps.
HIF-1 and HIF-2: working alone or together in hypoxia?
Authors: Peter J. Ratcliffe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Erythropoietin (EPO) is the hormonal regulator of red cell production and provided the paradigm for oxygen-regulated gene expression that led to the discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). In this issue of the JCI, Rankin and colleagues show, using targeted gene inactivation, that induction of Epo expression in murine liver is dependent on the integrity of HIF-2α, and not HIF-1α (see the related article beginning on page 1068). These results demonstrate distinct functions for different HIF-α isoforms that could potentially be exploited in therapeutic approaches to anemia.
The times they are a'changin': changing with the times.
Authors: A Varki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The Times They Are A'Changin': Changing with the Times "Nothing is permanent but change" (Heraclitus, 500 BC)."The single greatest power in the world today is the power to change.. .. The most recklessly irresponsible thing we could do in thefuture would be to go on exactly as we have done in the past.. . ."(Karl W. Deutsch, 1977).In keeping with a 65-year-old tradition, The Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI) will change hands again in March 1992, moving its editorial offices to La Jolla, California.The selection of the new editor and editorial board followed a na- tionwide search, in which detailed applications were required ofprospective candidates.A beneficial consequence ofthis pro- cess was that it stimulated forethought by the incoming editors about changes that might be made in the direction of the Journal.Over the last five years, the current editors have made many
Progress in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care in Prisons
Authors: Michael Puisis
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

The United States has the second largest number of prisoners (1.4 million persons in federal and state prisons)1 and the highest rate of incarceration (716 per 100 000) of all nations in the world.2 One of every 100 adult Americans is incarcerated.1
CATHETER ABLATION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION INVOLVING PULMONARY VEIN STUMPS IN PATIENTS WITH PRIOR LUNG RESECTION
Authors: Madhu Reddy, Luigi Di Biase, Moussa Mansour, Hemant Boolani, Thomas Bunch, John Day, Sudha Bommana, Donita Atkins, Sanjay Dixit, Andrea Natale, Jeremy Ruskin, Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Fibrinolysin Dissolution of Renal Pelvic Clot Post Partum
Authors: Sidney M. Gospe, Albert Zipser, Bernard J. Weil, Alex L. Finkle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

GROSS renal bleeding of unknown etiology is uncommon,1 and its occurrence with labor or after delivery is most unusual. The physiologic stress on the urinary tract during pregnancy and labor is well known.2 3 4 5 Pre-existing renal lesions tend to be aggravated during parturition. Occasionally, unsuspected urinary-tract disease becomes apparent during or after labor.This communication reports a case of massive bleeding from the right kidney forty-eight hours after termination of normal pregnancy, uncomplicated labor and unremarkable delivery. The utilization of human fibrinolysin to expedite dissolution of large, obstructing renal pelvic clots constitutes a new therapeutic measure for this condition.Case Report . . .
Paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia in ovarian carcinoma.
Authors: S G Allan, S P Lockhart, R C Leonard, J F Smyth
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Five patients were seen in whom a raised serum calcium concentration was associated with ovarian carcinoma (clear cell in two cases, cystadenocarcinoma in three). None showed evidence of metastases in bone. The hypercalcaemia occurred as a paraneoplastic phenomenon, but biochemical studies suggested the production of a parathyroid-hormone-like substance. One patient remained free of symptoms of her hypercalcaemia throughout. Paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia due to ovarian carcinoma may be more common than generally recognised and present as a life threatening condition requiring urgent treatment.
1035 THE ROLE OF VEGF AND VEGFR POLYMORPHISMS IN THE PREDICTION OF CLINICAL OUTCOME FOR ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA RECEIVING SORAFENIB
Authors: L. Faloppi, M. Scartozzi, G. Svegliati-Baroni, C. Loretelli, S. De Minicis, A. Mandolesi, S. Biagetti, I. Bearzi, A. Benedetti, S. Cascinu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: L. Flicker
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Papers p 633 

The development of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease has been vigorously pursued over the past few decades. Most recent developments have focused on drugs which inhibit acetylcholinesterase and thus increase the availability of acetylcholine within the brain. In this week's issue a pivotal clinical trial of rivastigmine shows, on average, modest benefits for older people with Alzheimer's disease in cognition, clinical global assessment, and quality of life (as assessed by a carer) (p 633).1 What does this add to the evidence for these cholinergic treatments?

The evidence to date is that treatments based on the cholinergic hypothesis are essentially symptomatic. No substantial data support the hypothesis that these medications modify the disease—that is, delay its progression. The first drug in this class to show a beneficial effect was tacrine. An early report of dramatic clinical response2 was not confirmed, and documented hepatotoxicity3 severely curtailed its use. More recently developed drugs in …
A Very Short Textbook of Surgery
Authors: Bernard Sigel
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<i>A Very Short Textbook of Surgery</i>focuses on surgical problems and is intended for medical students. It is organized into 25 chapters (in 77 packed text pages) and includes commonly presented topics such as "Headache and Pain in the Face," "Mouth Ulcers and Swellings," and "Swellings in the Neck." The format is that of an annotated differential diagnosis with a brief comment on either further evaluation or treatment. The basic aspects of disease processes, operative techniques, and preoperative and postoperative care are not considered. Although the range of topics is wide, the references to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are incomplete and frequently unexplained. A glossary of common terms would have been helpful. I am not sure how a medical student reading this book might be helped except to develop a list of differential diagnoses from complaints. In addition, I feel that tables, illustrations, and references would have improved the presentation
The presence of <i>JAK2</i>V617F in primary myelofibrosis or its allele burden in polycythemia vera predicts chemosensitivity to hydroxyurea
Authors: Shireen Sirhan, Terra L. Lasho, Curtis A. Hanson, Ruben A. Mesa, Animesh Pardanani, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

JAK2V617F-positive patients with essential thrombocythemia, as opposed to their mutation-negative counterparts, require lower doses of hydroxyurea (HU) for control of their platelet count. In the current study, we looked for predictors of HU response in 69 patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and 56 with polycythemia vera (PV). JAK2V617F analysis was performed on bone marrow-derived DNA obtained at or near the time of diagnosis. HU response in PMF was associated with a shorter disease duration (P = 0.008), absence of previous therapy (P = 0.01), older age at diagnosis (P = 0.009), and presence of JAK2V617F (P = 0.02). On multivariable analysis, only the latter retained its significance (48% vs. 8% response in mutation positive vs. negative cases). In PV, JAK2V617F allele burden correlated directly with HU response (P = 0.05) and inversely with daily HU dose in responding patients (P = 0.02). The current study suggests that JAK2V617F presence identifies PMF patients who are likely to respond to HU therapy, and information on its allele burden helps in assigning the optimal starting dose in individual patients with PV.
Gastric Ascariasis: A Rare Cause of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: J. M. Pontes, M. C. Leitão, F. Portela, P. Andrade, H. Lopes, H. Vasconcelos, Z. Romão, J. Pimentel, A. Donato, D. Freitas
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Although it is the most prevalent helminth worldwide, Ascaris lumbricoides rarely invades the stomach. Ascaris infestation may produce gastrointestinal or biliary obstruction, liver abscess, pancreatitis, volvulus, intussusception, acute appendicitis, occult gastrointestinal bleeding, and anemia. We report here on a case of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with gastric ascariasis, an exceedingly rare complication in this type of helminthiasis.
PALLIATIVE MEASURES IN REPTURED EXTRA-UTERINE PREGNANCY.
Authors: W. W. JAGGARD
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read before the Chicago Medical Society, Dec. 1, 1884. An editorial bearing this title and appearing in the New York<i>Medical Record</i>, of Oct. 25, 1884, contains the following statement: "There is no palliative measure for a ruptured extra-uterine cyst; there is no expectant treatment; and there is no other way known to medicine by which a woman in this condition can be reasonably expected to survive, save by the prompt use of the knife, and there is no reason for thinking that she would die if this be resorted to in time." The object of this paper is to offer a protest against this<i>ex cathedrâ</i>mode of settling a question, in regard to which there is room for considerable latitude of opinion. Dogmatism, offensive and unphilosophical under all circumstances, attains its acme of arrogance when applied to rules of practice in medicine and surgery. Certainly, the use of
Dual functional AuNRs@MnMEIOs nanoclusters for magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal therapy
Authors: Yao-Chen Chuang, Chia-Jung Lin, Shih-Feng Lo, Jei-Lin Wang, Shey-Cherng Tzou, Shyng-Shiou Yuan, Yun-Ming Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Scintigraphic Findings in Primary Amyloidosis of the Heart and Stomach
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, FRANK H. DeLAND, PEGGY A. DOMSTAD, BENJAMEN J. STAHR, RALPH D. POWELL, KOKICHI YONEDA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

The effectiveness of scintigraphic studies in the study of patients with primary systemic amyloidosis has not been reported previously. This case report describes a patient with the scintigraphic findings of thickened myocardium and delayed gastric emptying, which correlated well with the presence of amyloid deposits in these organs at autopsy. Additionally, the liver and spleen had normal scintigraphic appearances and were free of amyloid at autopsy. Radionuclide studies appear useful in assessing the anatomic and physiologic abnormalities assessed by amyloid deposition.
Acetate-producing bifidobacteria protect the host from enteropathogenic infection via carbohydrate transporters
Authors: Shinji Fukuda, Hidehiro Toh, Todd D. Taylor, Hiroshi Ohno, Masahira Hattori
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

The human gut harbors a large and diverse community of commensal bacteria. Among them, Bifidobacterium is known to exhibit various probiotic effects including protection of hosts from infectious diseases. We recently discovered that genes encoding an ATP-binding-cassette-type carbohydrate transporter present in certain bifidobacteria contribute to protecting gnotobiotic mice from death induced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. We elucidated the molecular mechanism on lethal infection in mice associated with several bifidobacterial strains by a multi-omics approach combining genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics. The combined data clearly show that acetate produced by protective bifidobacteria acts in vivo to promote defense functions of the host epithelial cells and thereby protects the host from lethal infection. As demonstrated here, our multi-omics approach provides a powerful strategy for evaluation of host-microbial interactions in the complex gut ecosystem.
Warfarin: Less May Be Better
Authors: Paul R. Casner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 August 1997Warfarin: Less May Be BetterPaul R. Casner, MD, PhDPaul R. Casner, MD, PhDTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center; El Paso, TX 79905Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-4-199708150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their report on loading doses of warfarin therapy, Harrison and colleagues [1] concluded that a 5-mg loading dose of warfarin produced less excess anticoagulation than a 10-mg loading dose. The authors base this conclusion on the fact that fewer patients in the 5-mg group than in the 10-mg group had an INR greater than 3.0. Because the specific values of the greater-than-3.0 INRs are not given, we do not know whether these elevations are clinically significant. For example, INRs of 3.1, 3.2, or 3.3 could be classified as “excess anticoagulation,” but these elevations are not clinically ...References1. Harrison L, Johnston M, Massicotte MP, Crowther M, Moffat K, Hirsh J. Comparison of 5-mg and 10-mg loading doses in initiation of warfarin therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:133-6. Google Scholar2. Hirsh J, Dalen JE, Deykin D, Poller L, Bussey H. Oral anticoagulants: mechanism of action, clinical effectiveness. and optimal therapeutic range. Chest. 1995; 108(4 Suppl):231S-46S. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; El Paso, TX 79905 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByReliability of Point-of-Care International Normalized Ratio Testing in an Academic Family Medicine ClinicCost Effectiveness of Genotype-Guided Warfarin Dosing in Patients with Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement Under the Fee-for-Service System 15 August 1997Volume 127, Issue 4Page: 332KeywordsInternational normalized ratioVitamin K Issue Published: 15 August 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Role of pH in production of hydrogen from carbohydrates by colonic bacterial flora. Studies in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: J A Perman, S Modler, A C Olson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Hydrogen produced by colonic bacteria and excreted in breath is a useful index of carbohydrate malabsorption. Since colonic contents are often acidic in individuals with carbohydrate malabsorption and in normal newborns, we determined the effect of colonic acidification on H2 production. Acidification of colonic contents by dietary means significantly reduced excess breath H2 excretion from 55.4 +/- 11.1 (SEM) to 12.2 +/- 3.1 ml/4 h (P less than 0.05) after administration of 0.3 g/kg of the nonabsorbable sugar lactulose to five normal adult subjects. Similarly, the breath H2 response to lactose was reduced or eliminated in two proven lactose malabsorbers after acidification. The correlation between pH and H2 production from carbohydrate was further investigated in adults and neonates, using an in vitro fecal incubation system. Glucose disappearance and H2 production were pH dependent and highly correlated (r = 0.94) in the pH range 5.5-7.6. Maximal production of H2 from glucose by fecal incubates occurred at pH 7.0-7.45. Inhibition of H2 production from carbohydrate occurred at acid pH. H2 per hour from glucose at pH 6.2 and 5.5 averaged 60.2% and 24.2%, respectively, of that produced at neutral pH. Rapid reversal of pH-induced inhibition by neutralization indicated a metabolic, rather than a bactericidal process. The observations indicate that the breath H2 response to malabsorbed carbohydrate is affected by colonic pH. It appears that the efficiency of bacterial carbohydrate metabolism in the colon is pH dependent.
Invariant chain and DM edit self-peptide presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules.
Authors: J F Katz, C Stebbins, E Appella, A J Sant
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

We have studied the consequences of invariant chain (Ii) and DM expression on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II function. Ii has a number of discrete functions in the biology of class II, including competitive blocking of peptide binding in the endoplasmic reticulum and enhancing localization in the endocytic compartments. DM is thought to act primarily in endosomes to promote dissociation of the Ii-derived (CLIP) peptide from the class II antigen-binding pocket and subsequent peptide loading. In this study, we have evaluated the functional role of Ii and DM by examining their impact on surface expression of epitopes recognized by a large panel of alloreactive T cells. We find most epitopes studied are influenced by both Ii and DM. Most strikingly, we find that surface expression of a significant fraction of peptide-class II complexes is extinguished, rather than enhanced, by DM expression within the APC. The epitopes antagonized by DM do not appear to be specific for CLIP. Finally, we found that DM was also able to extinguish recognition of a defined peptide derived from the internally synthesized H-2Ld protein. Thus, rather than primarily serving in the removal of CLIP, DM may have a more generalized function of editing the array of peptides that are presented by class II. This editing can be either positive or negative, suggesting that DM plays a specifying role in the display of peptides presented to CD4 T cells.
Ethics of Experiments on Children
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

In 1958 the Journal published an article describing a study of viral hepatitis performed at Willowbrook State School, Staten Island, New York, an institution for mentally defective children.1 As part of the study, 51 of the children had been purposefully fed infectious fecal extracts. Another paper, a year later, described the inoculation of infectious serum in nine children.2 Few if any questions or objections were raised after these publications, even though in 1949 the World Medical Association had adopted the following statement as part of its International Code of Medical Ethics: "Under no circumstances is a doctor permitted to do . . .
Pertussis: should we immunise neurologically disabled and developmentally delayed children?
Authors: R N Miles, G P Hosking
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A total of 400 children with neurological disorders were studied to ascertain whether they had been immunised against pertussis, the reasons for non-immunisation, and the "validity" of these reasons, as judged by interpretation of the recommendations of the Department of Health and Social Security. The results for this group were compared with those for a group of 400 aged matched controls. The study group had a significantly lower rate of immunisation than controls (p less than 0.01); rates for both groups fell sharply after 1975. A total of 192 study patients and 186 controls were not immunised. Those children with cerebral palsy had the lowest rate of immunisation (19%) and the highest number of valid reasons for non-immunisation (63%). Paediatricians apparently advised against immunisation in 61 (32%) of the index group but in only four (2%) of the controls. The risk of serious neurological handicap after pertussis immunisation is small and there is little evidence to support the view that underlying neurological disease predisposes a child to increased risk. The advice currently given by paediatricians may need to be reconsidered.