tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LEPROSY AND PSYCHOSIS
Authors: PAUL LOWINGER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

Leprosy is a unique stress with anatomic, physiologic, psychologic and social effects on the individual. Here is an opportunity to explore this stress in terms of the mental reaction. We would expect to learn much about causation of schizophrenia and psychosis in the Carville patients. Such a study also offers hope of a better understanding of the role of psychological and social factors in the origin of all schizophrenia.
CIDeR: multifactorial interaction networks in human diseases
Authors: Martin Lechner, Veit Höhn, Barbara Brauner, Irmtraud Dunger, Gisela Fobo, Goar Frishman, Corinna Montrone, Gabi Kastenmüller, Brigitte Waegele, Andreas Ruepp
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

The pathobiology of common diseases is influenced by heterogeneous factors interacting in complex networks. CIDeR http://mips.helmholtz-muenchen.de/cider/ is a publicly available, manually curated, integrative database of metabolic and neurological disorders. The resource provides structured information on 18,813 experimentally validated interactions between molecules, bioprocesses and environmental factors extracted from the scientific literature. Systematic annotation and interactive graphical representation of disease networks make CIDeR a versatile knowledge base for biologists, analysis of large-scale data and systems biology approaches.
Limitations of short‐term studies in predicting long‐term adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: D. B. Allen
Journal: Allergy (1999)

This paper examines the value of short-term studies in predicting long-term, clinically relevant adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in children with asthma. Increasing use of ICS in younger and less severely affected children with asthma justifies concern about long-term adverse effects. For each system potentially affected by ICS, short-term and sensitive studies have limited value in predicting clinically relevant effects, even when correlations are highly statistically significant. This is due to inherent limitations of the short-term tests utilized and normal physiologic variations in systems being studied. Specific limitations include: 1) poor distinction between systemic presence of ICS and adverse systemic effects (e.g., integrated plasma cortisol) 2) lack of data validating the connection between test results and the end point in question (bone markers to predict growth and fracture risk) 3) sensitivity confounded by normal physiologic variation (knemometry to predict long-term growth). Consequently, predicting clinically relevant long-term effects from short-term studies detecting physiologic perturbations remains a challenge. Positive predictive value is improved by well-designed intermediate-term (>12 months) studies utilizing dynamic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis testing, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning, or precise stadiometry. Ultimately, however, long-term studies are required to assess long-term risks, and the reliability of short-term assessments in predicting them.
Raised blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline concentrations in teenagers and young adults selected from an open population.
Authors: A Hofman, F Boomsma, M A Schalekamp, H A Valkenburg
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Plasma noradrenaline (PNA) concentrations were measured in 38 subjects aged 13-23, who were followed up for two to four years after an initial blood-pressure (BP) reading of 140/90 mm Hg or over was obtained, and in 39 age-matched controls from the same open population. Subjects who were hypertensive when the PNA concentration was measured had a significantly higher concentration (351 +/- SE 26 pg/ml) compared with their controls (248 +/- 29 pg/ml). Furthermore, in those subjects in whom the mean arterial pressure decreased by under 5% during the follow-up period the mean concentration was 363 +/- 27 pg/ml, compared with 271 +/- 29 pg/ml in their controls. PNA concentrations and systolic BP were positively correlated. A positive association between PNA concentrations and age was observed in the controls but not the subjects with hypertension, owing to the higher concentrations in younger hypertensive subjects.
FDA: Patients at Risk of Complications From Unretrieved Medical Device Fragments
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Complicating the clinical landscape is a lack of consensus on what serum level of 25-dihydroxyvitamin D constitutes a deficiency and whether the current daily minimum requirement for vitamin D intake (up to 600 IU) is adequate for human health. Because of such uncertainties, some clinicians caution that vitamin D supplementation may have unforseen adverse effects, noting that studies found that supplementation with antioxidant vitamins (specifically vitamins A and E), given with the aim of disease prevention, actually increased mortality (Bjelakovic G et al. JAMA. 2007; 297[8]:842-857). They also worry that patients who embrace sun exposure to obtain vitamin D will increase their skin cancer risk. Michael F. Holick MD, PhD, professor of medicine, physiology, and biophysics at Boston University School of Medicine, and a strong proponent of moderate sun exposure for the purpose of reaping vitamin D’s benefits, dismisses such concern, noting that only about 15 minutes daily exposure to sunlight is needed to receive a therapeutic dose of vitamin D. And while the science may be unable to rigorously prove benefit for vitamin D, physicians can at least uncover deficiency in their patients, he added. “Physicians will measure it on one patient and find a deficit and then try it on another, and then they order them on more of their patients and find out most are deficient,” Holick said. Margo Denke, MD, a clinical professor at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, also believes vitamin D deficiency is widespread, but she would not test of all patients. “I would target certain populations such as those with osteoporosis, or anyone with skin cancer, or those very dedicated in using sunscreen,” Denke said.
Heterogeneous microvascular coronary alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction.
Authors: W M Chilian, S M Layne, C L Eastham, M L Marcus
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

We tested the hypothesis that humoral or neurogenic alpha-adrenergic activation in the coronary circulation would produce heterogeneous vascular reactions. To accomplish this, the epicardial coronary microcirculation was viewed through an intravital microscope using stroboscopic epi-illumination. Microvascular diameters were measured under control conditions during beta-adrenergic blockade (propranolol 1 mg/kg) and beta-adrenergic blockade with pacing; during coronary alpha-adrenergic activation in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade with three doses of norepinephrine infusion (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0-2.0 micrograms/kg/min) or three frequencies of bilateral stellate nerve stimulation (2, 10, and 20 Hz); and during combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade (phentolamine 2 mg/kg and propranolol 1 mg/kg). Diameters of both arterial and venous vessels were reduced during beta-adrenergic blockade but returned back to baseline with pacing. At the lowest level of norepinephrine infusion or frequency of bilateral stellate stimulation, microvessel constriction was not observed. At the higher doses of norepinephrine a -5.1 +/- 0.9% (1.0-2.0 micrograms/kg/min) and a -4.0 +/- 1.1% (0.5 micrograms/kg/min) decrease in diameter of arterial vessels greater than 100 microns in diameter were observed (p less than 0.05). At 10 Hz and 20 Hz of stellate stimulation, diameter decreased by -4.8 +/- 1.9% and -4.4 +/- 2.1%, respectively, in these relatively large vessels. Small coronary arterioles (less than 100 microns diameter) dilated significantly during the highest levels of nerve stimulation (9.2 +/- 2.5% increase in diameter) or infusion rate of norepinephrine (13.6 +/- 2.7% increase in diameter) (p less than 0.05). These constrictor and dilator responses were abolished following combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade. Norepinephrine infusion resulted in a decrease in diameter of coronary veins and venules (7.2 +/- 1.3%) (p less than 0.05), whereas stellate stimulation did not significantly reduce venous and venular diameters. In summary, the coronary venous and venular vasculature responds to alpha-adrenergic activation from circulating norepinephrine but is not affected by stellate stimulation. In contrast, stellate stimulation and norepinephrine infusion elicit similar responses in the coronary arterial and arteriolar microvasculature. Constriction occurs in vessels greater than 100 microns in diameter, whereas dilation predominates in vessels less than 100 microns in diameter. Such heterogeneous arterial responses would undoubtedly result in a redistribution of coronary vascular resistance toward larger coronary arteries and arterioles.
Low molecular weight heparin versus regular heparin or aspirin in the treatment of unstable angina and silent ischemia
Authors: Enrique P. Gurfinkel, Eustaquio J. Manos, Ricardo I. Mejaíl, Miguel A. Cerdá, Ernesto A. Duronto, Claudio N. García, Ana M. Daroca, Branco Mautner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Angiographic Anatomy of the Left Ventricle and Mitral Valve in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: ALLAN L. SIMON, JOHN ROSS, JAMES H. GAULT
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The angiographic features of the left ventricle were examined in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis who had clinical and hemodynamic evidence of obstruction. Of 36 combined hemodynamic and angiographic studies considered to be technically satisfactory, 33 showed a characteristic combination of abnormalities. In the frontal projection in systole, a linear radiolucent area extended across the left ventricular outflow tract 2 to 2.5 cm below the aortic annulus, at a level corresponding to the site of intraventricular pressure change. In the left oblique and lateral projections, the mitral leaflets did not swing posteriorly in a normal fashion, but projected into the outflow tract during mid and late systole. The radiolucent line, seen in the frontal views, was considered to represent contact of the leading edge of the leaflet with the hypertrophied muscular interventricular septum. The jet of mitral regurgitation, when present, was seen immediately below the anterior mitral leaflet. Severe hypertrophy was also seen to involve the inferior portion of the muscular septum, causing displacement of the papillary muscles superiorly and to the left. This maldirection of the papillary muscles was postulated to cause abnormal traction on the chordae tendineae and to prevent normal movement of the mitral leaflets away from the septum during systole. The leaflets, held in the outflow tract, form the posterior component of the obstruction, the anterolateral component of which results from severe, asymmetric septal hypertrophy. It was proposed that this mechanism plays an important part in producing the intraventricular pressure gradient in many patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
Establishment and Expression Profiling of New Lung Cancer Cell Lines from Chinese Smokers and Lifetime Never-Smokers
Authors: David C.L. Lam, Luc Girard, Wai-Sing Suen, Lap-ping Chung, Vicky P.C. Tin, Wah-kit Lam, John D. Minna, Maria P. Wong
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
National Childhood Encephalopathy Study: an interim report.
Authors: D L Miller, E M Ross
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Data from the first year of the National Childhood Encephalopathy Study were reviewed to see whether any relation was apparent between pertussis vaccination and brain disease. Three hundred and eighty-seven cases of encephalitis and other specified neurological conditions in which the children were admitted to hospital were reported, of which 267 satisfied the study criteria. Control children were matched for age with the index cases, and medical and immunisation histories were reviewed. Few of the index cases had been vaccinated within 28 days before admission to hospital, so that no close association between vaccination and brain disease existed in most cases. The number of children who had recently been immunised was too small for any statistically useful conclusion to be reached about the risk associated with pertussis vaccine. The study is continuing.
Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvotomy
Authors: Kim Eagle, Peter C. Block
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvotomy by Means of the Double-Balloon Technique. The inflation of 18-mm (above) and 20-mm (below) dilating balloons can be seen in a stenotic mitral valve. Note the waist produced by the stenotic valve (arrows) before full inflation causes commissural splitting. The balloons were placed in the mitral valve over two transfer wires passed through the right femoral vein, the interatrial septum (the transseptal route), and the mitral valve into the left ventricle, the aorta, and the descending aorta.
Role of IL-17A and neutrophils in fibrosis in experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Simon A. Hasan, Bertus Eksteen, Danielle Reid, Heather V. Paine, Abrar Alansary, Kerri Johannson, Carol Gwozd, Kimberly-Ann R. Goring, Tina Vo, David Proud, Margaret M. Kelly
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Reconstructing children's understanding of mind: Reflections from the study of atypical development
Authors: Susan R. Leekam
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Carpendale &amp; Lewis's (C&amp;L's) theoretical reconstruction of the “theory of mind” problem offers new hope but still has far to go. The study of atypical development may provide some useful insights for dealing with the work ahead. In particular I discuss three issues – the boundary problem, the question of end states, and the issue of the centrality of triadic interaction.
NOSTRUMS AND FRAUDULENT METHODS OF EXPLOITATION.
Authors: L. F. KEBLER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The charge is frequently made that, in discussing the so-called "patent medicines," writers and speakers are extremely uncharitable in that they do not even attempt to differentiate between the good and the bad, but class them all under the unsavory term "nostrum," which embraces everything that pertains to charlatanism and fraud. In order that there may be no misunderstanding, permit me to state at the outset that in this paper nothing will be considered except what will be denominated by the most charitably inclined as nostrums. The chief transgression of nostrums lies not so much in the composition of the remedies as in the methods used for exploiting them. Most of the medicines employed by nostrum venders consist of one or more drugs of recognized merit. The fraudulent element lies, to a very large extent, in the mystic, misleading and deceptive advertising literature employed for exploiting them. It seems that
Exercise and High-Density Lipoproteins
Authors: William P. Castelli
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Ever since high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, as a measure of the HDLs, was found to be elevated in crosscountry skiers<sup>1</sup>and marathon runners,<sup>2</sup>investigators have debated whether this is a self-selection phenomenon, ie, skinny athletic persons naturally have higher HDL levels and are attracted to long-distance competitive sports because they are easy for them to do or that somehow increased physical activity changes body metabolism producing a rise in the HDL level. A series of reports has begun to appear where a group of persons (sometimes patients, sometimes volunteer medical students)<sup>3,4</sup>have had their HDL levels characterized before entering into an exercise program that demonstrated the eventual rise in their HDL level during exercise. Two articles in this issue ofThe Journalextend these observations to patients with coronary heart disease. Both focus on the now well-known fact that subjects who experience coronary heart disease have low HDL
Effects of aging on glucose-mediated glucose disposal and glucose transport.
Authors: R I Fink, P Wallace, J M Olefsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

To assess the effects of aging on glucose-mediated glucose disposal and glucose transport, glucose disposal rates were measured in 10 nonelderly (32 +/- 4 yr) and 11 elderly (64 +/- 4 yr) subjects at five different plasma glucose concentrations. Glucose disposal was decreased by 30-35% in the elderly at each level of glycemia (100-350 mg/dl) in the presence of similar levels of hyperinsulinemia (approximately 100 microU/ml), and the 50% effective concentration (EC50) was similar in both the nonelderly (100 +/- 9) and elderly (103 +/- 5 mg/dl). The Michaelis constant (Km) of 3-O-methyl glucose transport in adipocytes was unchanged with aging (3.8 +/- 0.5 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.2 mM) while the maximum velocity of insulin stimulated transport was reduced by 34% in the elderly (8.3 +/- 1.3 vs. 12.6 +/- 1.5 pmol/5 X 10(4) cells per s, P less than 0.05). The insulin resistance of aging is therefore due to a reduction in the capacity of the glucose uptake system, while the affinity of glucose utilization (EC50 and Km) is unchanged. This supports the hypothesis that a reduction in the number of glucose transport and metabolic units occurs with aging, but that each unit functions normally.
Leishmania infantum in free-ranging hares, Spain, 2004-2010
Authors: F Ruiz-Fons, E Ferroglio, C Gortázar
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) were recently deemed responsible for an outbreak of human leishmaniasis affecting metropolitan Madrid, Spain. However, the reservoir potential of hares in Europe is poorly known. We report a retrospective survey on Leishmania infantum, the causal agent of zoonotic endemic leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean basin, infection status of Iberian, European (Le. europaeus) and Broom (Le. castroviejoi) hares in Spain. Spleen samples from 94 hares were tested by polymerase chain reaction. Sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays were performed on positive samples and RFLP patterns compared with those of strains reported in the scientific literature. DNA prevalence in hare spleen samples was 43.6% (95% confidence interval: 33.6-53.6). In all six regions studied at least one positive sample was found. RFLP revealed existence of specific hare strains of L. infantum differing from those reported in wild carnivores in Spain. The widespread presence of L. infantum in the most abundant Spanish hare species and the recent evidence of the ability of naturally infected hares to transmit the pathogen to Phlebotomus perniciosus, its main vector in the western Mediterranean, suggest that hares may have an unexpected role in the epidemiology of L. infantum in Spain.
Medical Presentations of Choriocarcinoma
Authors: I. T. Magrath, P. R. Golding, K. D. Bagshawe
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Choriocarcinoma commonly presents with symptoms resulting from metastases in the lungs, central nervous system, or alimentary tract. This tumour may occur without any gynaecological symptoms and when pelvic examination and uterine curettage show no abnormality. Several years may elapse between the antecedent pregnancy and presentation with metastatic disease. The ability to eradicate these tumours with present chemotherapeutic methods depends on detecting their presence as soon as possible after the antecedent pregnancy. Wider recognition of the varied manifestations of metastatic choriocarcinoma and greater use of tests for chorionic gonadotrophin should result in earlier diagnosis and an improved prognosis in these patients. In particular, such tests should be made in patients with unexplained intracranial haemorrhage, progressive dyspnoea, and gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
UbcH5A, a member of human E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, is closely related to SFT, a stimulator of iron transport, and is up-regulated in hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Sven G. Gehrke, Hans-Dieter Riedel, Thomas Herrmann, Boris Hadaschik, Karin Bents, Claudia Veltkamp, Wolfgang Stremmel
Journal: Blood (2003)
The Mentally III Physician as Practitioner
Authors: Edith T. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Mentally ill physicians may hurt patients through direct involvement of physicians' symptoms. Not all mentally ill physicians are disqualified by their illness from practicing medicine. Some may be disqualified for some time or permanently; some may be able to continue to function effectively. Certain characteristics of the physician-patient relationship and physicians' beliefs about their own and their colleagues' work make it difficult to discern harm done to patients.
Urgent action is needed to improve care of patients with chronic pain, says report
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Access to effective pain management is a “fundamental right” that is often denied because of poor services and a lack of clear standards, a new report has warned.1

The report criticises the lack of clear guidelines and patchy services for the management of chronic pain in England. The result of the first English pain summit held in London in November 2011, the report is a collaboration between the Royal College of General Practitioners, the professionals’ organisation the British Pain Society, the Chronic Pain Policy Coalition, and the Faculty of Pain Medicine of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. The Chronic Pain Policy Coalition receives funding from a number of drug companies, including Astellas, Grunenthal, Napp, Pfizer, and  Sanofi Pasteur MSD.

Beverly Collett, chairwoman of the coalition and a consultant in pain management and anaesthesia at Leicester Royal Infirmary NHS …
A PRECISION MEATOME
Authors: Lowrain E. McCrea
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The employment of a meatome is the most efficient as well as the simplest method of performing a meatotomy. Meatotomy is frequently necessary in many instances prior to intra-urethral examination or before treatment can be instituted. Because of its frequency and necessity in such cases, it should be done in a simple but accurate manner. The common method, in both office and operating room, depends on the use of a straight, blunt bistoury. Such a method may be satisfactory in the hands of the highly skilful operator but is never exact. Meatotomy often subjects the patient to considerable discomfort when the meatus is not opened as widely as necessary at the time of the original incision. Such a failure, in cutting the meatus insufficiently, makes it imperative to enlarge the opening by subsequent incision. At the other extreme, an incision that is too large will result in excessive bleeding. The
Computed image modification for enhancement of small-bowel surface structures at video capsule endoscopy
Authors: J. Pohl, I. Aschmoneit, S. Schuhmann, C. Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Computed virtual chromoendoscopy with the Fujinon intelligent color-enhancement (FICE) system was reported to improve visualization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions at gastroscopy and colonoscopy. The technique is based on narrowing the bandwidth of the conventional endoscopic image arithmetically by a spectral estimation technology. Implementation of the FICE software in the video capsule workstation might also allow for contrast-enhanced assessment of nature and extent of small-bowel mucosal lesions. Here we propose this novel technique and report on 10 consecutive patients who underwent small-bowel video capsule endoscopy that was evaluated with FICE-enhanced imaging.