tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Laboratory Guide to Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1965)

While today, for better or worse, clinical medicine depends on laboratory examination, yet in the jungle of laboratory tests even the astute clinician may wander and the neophyte easily gets lost. Eastham and Pollard have provided a compass to guide both the clinician and the pathologist.  The authors avoid the shot gun approach sometimes found in this country, wherein the attending physician first sharpens a pencil, then checks virtually every test on the laboratory requisition form, and, finally, when the results are in, starts to consider what the patient might actually have. Instead, this book assumes preliminary clinical diagnosis and then indicates what laboratory tests can fruitfully be applied. The authors indicate five degrees of significance for laboratory procedures. Some tests are diagnostic, or, more modestly stated, most strongly suggestive. Specific identification of microorganisms, for example, falls into this category. Other tests, such as transaminase determinations, serve to support a
Glucose Tolerance and "Dumping" Syndrome
Authors: Hans N. Naumann
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> On occasion of the recent "Diabetes Week" (<i>JAMA</i><b>194</b>:664, 1965) with emphasis on laboratory diagnosis, it may be timely to caution that the traditional glucose tolerance test routinely performed in doubtful cases of diabetes may not always be an entirely harmless procedure. With greater numbers of gastrectomized individuals at large, there are increasing chances of precipitating "dumping" syndromes after the drinking of highly concentrated glucose solutions which may pass rapidly through potential gastric stumps and stomata into the small intestines. Since 5% solution of glucose is isotonic (more precisely, 5.43% of —0.56 C freezing point identical with that of serum and yielding 302 mOsm/liter [<i>JAMA</i><b>192</b>:1112;<b>194</b>:471,1965] ), it follows that the conventional 100-gm dose dissolved in about 200 ml must be diluted with nearly 2 liters of water in order to lower the osmolarity to isotonic level. Thus, grossly hypertonic glucose within the intestinal
High incidence of acute lung injury in children with Down syndrome
Authors: M. Bruijn, L. B. van der Aa, R. R. van Rijn, A. P. Bos, J. B. M. van Woensel
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)

Acute respiratory tract infection is a common reason for hospitalization in children with Down syndrome (CDS) and is characterized by a high morbidity. The severe course of disease in CDS may be related to a higher incidence of acute lung injury (ALI). This study evaluated the incidence of ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in mechanically ventilated CDS.Retrospective cohort study in a pediatric ICU.Cases were all mechanically ventilated CDS admitted to our unit between January 1998 and July 2005. All mechanically ventilated patients without Down syndrome from January 1998 to January 2001 served as controls. Postoperative patients (cases and controls) and those with a cardiac left to right shunt were excluded.The main outcome measure was the incidence of ALI and ARDS. The criteria for ALI were met in 14 of 24 CDS (58.3%) in 41 of 317 of controls (12.9%; OR 9.4, 95% CI 3.9-22.6). The criteria for ARDS were met in 11 of 24 CDS (46%) and in 21 of 317 of controls (7%; OR 11.9, 95% CI 4.8-29.8). None of the CDS with ALI died; in the control group ten patients with ALI died.CDS had a significantly higher incidence of ALI and ARDS than children without Down syndrome. The explanation for this remains to be elucidated; further study is necessary before clinical implications become clear.
Stay tuned to PXR: an orphan actor that may not be D-structive only to bone
Authors: Michael F. Holick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays an important role in detoxifying xenobiotics and drugs. In this issue of the JCI, Pascussi et al. provide convincing evidence that PXR can also induce vitamin D deficiency and bone disease because of its ability to cross-talk with the vitamin D–responsive gene that catabolizes 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. This cross-talk behavior has important health ramifications and can be mitigated through the identification and treatment of PXR-induced vitamin D deficiency.
THE LONG-TERM NON-DEVELOPMENT OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM AS A MARKER OF HEALTHY ARTERIAL AGING IN THE MULTI ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (MESA)
Authors: Seamus Whelton, Michael Silverman, John McEvoy, Matthew Budoff, Ron Blankstein, John Eng, Roger Blumenthal, Moyses Szklo, Khurram Nasir, Michael Blaha, Johns Hopkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
C-terminal peptide of thrombospondin-1 induces platelet aggregation through the Fc receptor γ-chain–associated signaling pathway and by agglutination
Authors: David Tulasne, Barbi A. Judd, Mette Johansen, Naoki Asazuma, Denise Best, Eric J. Brown, Mark Kahn, Gary A. Koretzky, Steve P. Watson
Journal: Blood (2001)
Industrial emissions of 1,3-butadiene.
Authors: J A Mullins
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Sources of industrial emissions of 1,3-butadiene are discussed both by process (production, consumers) and type (equipment leaks, point sources). Quantification of the emissions are presented, as reported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1986. The reported emissions attributed to equipment leaks (also known as fugitive emissions) range from about 50 to 95% of the total, depending on the specific production process used. The methods by which these emissions were estimated are discussed, with particular emphasis on the fugitive sources. Industry studies to better quantify the fugitive emissions are described.
Prognosis and outcome.
Authors: G Rose, D J Barker
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Inadequate knowledge of the prognosis and outcome of many diseases is a continual handicap in day-to-day practice.Decisions on whether to treat a patient with mild hypertcnsion, whether to recommend an elective cholecystectomy in a patient with gallstones, or what prognosis to give the relatives of a patient with depression, all too often require data that are not available.By itself, clinical experience cannot provide an adequate guide to prognosis and outcome.The two principal reasons for this inadequacy of clinical information are biased case selection and incomplete follow-up of patients. Case selectionFor many diseases the cases seen by any one doctor are highly unrepresentative of all cases in the community.They are brought to his attention by a variety of selective factors, one of which is severity.Surveys have shown that many patients with peptic ulcer do not consult a doctor.Among those who go to their general practitioner the usual course of the illness is benign, with eventual complete recovcry.But in hospital practice peptic ulcer frequently presents as a life-threatening emergency.Variation in tolerance of symptoms and demands for treatment are further selective factors.Surveys have shown no association between prostatic hyperplasia and social class, but among patients attending hospital because of this disorder there is a disproportionate number from social classes 1 and 2. People with hypertension who are referred to outpatient clinics are a notably miscellaneous and unrepresentative group of all hypertensive patients.There are numerous examples of case selection.In hospital practice, it may be compounded by dispersing cases with the same disease among different specialties.Patients with giant-cell arteritis, for example, may be under the care of neurologists, ophthalmologists, general physicians, geriatricians, or rheumatologists.The personal experience of any one specialist must necessarily be an inadequate guide to prognosis. Incomplete follow-upA neurologist's view of multiple sclerosis tends to be unduly gloomy.Patients in whom the disease remits without residual
Comparison of linear and volumetric criteria in assessing tumor response in adult high-grade gliomas1
Authors: Gaurav D. Shah, Santosh Kesari, Ronghui Xu, Tracy T. Batchelor, Alison M. O'Neill, Fred H. Hochberg, Brenda Levy, Joanna Bradshaw, Patrick Y. Wen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2006)

The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, or RECIST criteria (one-dimensional [1D] measurement), are widely used to measure response in tumors, but there are few studies evaluating these criteria in brain tumors. We compared linear and volumetric measurements in adult high-grade supratentorial enhancing gliomas to determine the agreement between measurements, in defining responses and in their subsequent relation to survival. We hypothesized that the 1D RECIST criteria maybe suitable for response assessment in adult high-grade gliomas. Tumor size on MRI scans in 104 patients with high-grade enhancing gliomas treated on clinical trial protocols was measured by using 1D (greatest length), 2D (two-dimensional: product of the two longest perpendicular diameters), 3D (three dimensional: product of the longest perpendicular diameters in one plane and the longest orthogonal diameter to that plane), enhancing volume (EV), and total volume (TV). A total of 388 T1 postgadolinium MRI scans (104 baseline and 284 follow-up scans) were evaluated. Volumetric analysis (EV and TV) was performed with commercially available software. Intraobserver and interobserver correlations (ρ) were high for all modalities (ρ > 0.92 and ρ > 0.71, respectively). Correlation was excellent (ρ > 0.9) among all modalities except for 3D (ρ < 0.6). Patient response rates ranged from 12% to 26%. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) and six-month progression-free survival (6mPFS) were not significantly different among the methods (range, 5.3 months to 5.9 months and 42% to 48%, respectively). Landmark analyses of response at two months using linear methods predicted overall survival with hazard ratios of 0.19 to 0.29 (P < 0.005). These results suggest high concordance among 1D, 2D, TV, and EV, but not 3D, methods in assessing enhancing tumor progression and in estimating mPFS and 6mPFS in adult brain tumor patients. The tumor response at two months assessed by linear methods correlated better with overall survival. Thus, linear methods are comparable to volumetric methods, but simpler to implement for routine clinical use and for designing clinical trials of brain tumors.
Screening Tests in Ambulatory Practice
Authors: George Brecher
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  The paper by Bates and Mulinare (Physicians Use and Opinions of Screening Tests in Ambulatory Practice,214:2173, 1970) deserves to become a classic of interrogative research in which the answers are built into the questions.  The authors found that physicians had a significant unmet need for additional screening tests, yet physicians' dependence on clinical indication and fear of losing medical control may reduce utilization of such tests, even if they could be supplied cheaply and conveniently. The authors arrive at these conclusions by first asking what additional tests may be desirable and then why they are not used. The physician has a choice between reluctance to use additional tests without clinical indication, reluctance to use additional tests because of low yield, and reluctance because of expense. Physicians' answers are predictably ambivalent: Physicians do not want to miss anything, therefore opt for more tests. At the same
Heat Shock Protein hsp70 in Patients With Axillary Lymph Node-Negative Breast Cancer: Prognostic Implications
Authors: D. R. Ciocca, G. M. Clark, A. K. Tandon, S. A. W. Fuqua, W. J. Welch, W. L. McGuire
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Heat Shock Protein hsp70 in Patients With Axillary Lymph Node-Negative Breast Cancer: Prognostic Implications Get access Daniel R. Ciocca, Daniel R. Ciocca Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, Tex Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78284-7884. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary M. Clark, Gary M. Clark Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Atul K. Tandon, Atul K. Tandon Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Suzanne A. W. Fuqua, Suzanne A. W. Fuqua Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William J. Welch, William J. Welch Lung Biology Center, San Francisco General HospitalSan Francisco, Calif Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William L. McGuire William L. McGuire Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, Tex *See "Notes" section following "References". Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 7, 7 April 1993, Pages 570–574, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.7.570 Published: 07 April 1993 Article history Received: 24 August 1992 Revision received: 29 December 1992 Accepted: 06 January 1993 Published: 07 April 1993
STAT!-Ref CD ROM Medical Reference Library
Authors: Charles B. Clayman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hematologic Malignancies: Where Do We Stand in 2011?
Authors: Hagop Kantarjian, Charles Schiffer, Alan Burnett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Major advances in understanding the biology of hematologic malignancies and the development of new therapies are occurring at a rapid pace, and Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO) is committed to offering the oncology community and oncology experts the most up-to-date information pertinent to our research and practice. In this context, it became clear that an issue of JCO dedicated to updating the pathophysiology, molecular pathogenesis, and therapies of leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) would be valuable.
Antenatal lifestyle advice for women who are overweight or obese: LIMIT randomised trial
Authors: J. M. Dodd, D. Turnbull, A. J. McPhee, A. R. Deussen, R. M. Grivell, L. N. Yelland, C. A. Crowther, G. Wittert, J. A. Owens, J. S. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

To determine the effect of antenatal dietary and lifestyle interventions on health outcomes in overweight and obese pregnant women.Multicentre randomised trial. We utilised a central telephone randomisation server, with computer generated schedule, balanced variable blocks, and stratification for parity, body mass index (BMI) category, and hospital.Three public maternity hospitals across South Australia.2212 women with a singleton pregnancy, between 10+0 and 20+0 weeks' gestation, and BMI ≥ 25.1108 women were randomised to a comprehensive dietary and lifestyle intervention delivered by research staff; 1104 were randomised to standard care and received pregnancy care according to local guidelines, which did not include such information.Incidence of infants born large for gestational age (birth weight ≥ 90th centile for gestation and sex). Prespecified secondary outcomes included birth weight >4000 g, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes. Analyses used intention to treat principles.2152 women and 2142 liveborn infants were included in the analyses. The risk of the infant being large for gestational age was not significantly different in the two groups (lifestyle advice 203/1075 (19%) v standard care 224/1067 (21%); adjusted relative risk 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 1.07; P=0.24). Infants born to women after lifestyle advice were significantly less likely to have birth weight above 4000 g (lifestyle advice 164/1075 (15%) v standard care 201/1067 (19%); 0.82, 0.68 to 0.99; number needed to treat (NNT) 28, 15 to 263; P=0.04). There were no differences in maternal pregnancy and birth outcomes between the two treatment groups.For women who were overweight or obese, the antenatal lifestyle advice used in this study did not reduce the risk delivering a baby weighing above the 90th centile for gestational age and sex or improve maternal pregnancy and birth outcomes.Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12607000161426).
THE STRUCTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ILEOCECAL VALVE
Authors: E. G. WAKEFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1941)

A suction tube introduced into the duodenum usually relieves abdominal distention in cases of obstruction of the small intestine. Introduction of a suction tube into the duodenum may partially relieve the abdominal distention when the colon is obstructed. We have been interested in the variability of the relief produced by the use of suction tubes in cases of obstruction of the colon. In order to determine the cause of this variability we have studied the mechanism which separates the small intestine from the colon. At the present time the most widely accepted opinion is that the cecum is separated from the small intestine by a sphincter muscle. An alternative, and the less popular, opinion is that the cecum is separated from the small intestine by a valve. We have examined more than seventy-five specimens of the ileocecal portion of the intestine obtained at necropsy. The general size, shape and structure
Same Eyes, Different Doctors: Differences in Primary Care Physician Referrals for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
Authors: Emmanuel N Lazaridis, Chunfu Qiu, Stephanie K Kraft, David G Marrero
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To analyze eye care specialist referral patterns for the diabetic patients of primary care physicians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 1993, we conducted a census of primary care physicians to evaluate practice patterns relating to diabetes care in the state of Indiana. Using a logistic regression model and data from this census, we compared 1) physicians' odds of referring type II diabetic patients to an optometrist, as opposed to an ophthalmologist, with those of type I diabetic patients and 2) the referral odds ratios of type II to type I diabetic patients between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties. RESULTS Overall, 10% of the physicians in our study most often refer some patients to an optometrist. Physicians are more likely to refer their type II diabetic patients to an optometrist, as opposed to an ophthalmologist, than they are to refer type I diabetic patients, both before and after adjustment for covariates. Physicians who practice in metropolitan counties are 1.55 times more likely to refer their type II diabetic patients than their type I diabetic patients to an optometrist. In nonmetropolitan counties, physicians are 2.5 times more likely to refer their type II diabetic patients to an optometrist. The difference between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan physicians is significant (P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Some physicians mostly refer their diabetic patients to optometrists, instead of ophthalmologists, for eye examinations intended to discover early signs of diabetic eye disease. Type II diabetic patients are more likely to be referred to an optometrist, instead of an ophthalmologist, than are type I diabetic patients. In nonmetropolitan areas, the difference in referral patterns becomes even more marked.
Rating Long-Term Care Facilities on Pressure Ulcers
Authors: Thomas E. Finucane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 September 1996Rating Long-Term Care Facilities on Pressure UlcersThomas E. Finucane, MDThomas E. Finucane, MDJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-6-199609150-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Berlowitz and colleagues [1] used a large Veterans Administration database to identify clinical and functional status variables that predict pressure ulcer development. Although they refer to poor nutrition as a known risk factor, their multivariable analysis identifies no variable that is closely related to nutritional status. At least three possible explanations exist.One explanation is simply that the database did not contain information on nutrient intake or “nutritional status.” The second is that some nutritional variables were included, but no association was found. The associations among nutrient intake, nutritional status, and the presence or development of pressure ...References1. Berlowitz DR, Ash AS, Brandeis GH, Brand HK, Halpern JL, Moskowitz MA. Rating long-term care facilities on pressure ulcer development: importance of case-mix adjustment. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:557-63. Google Scholar2. Finucane TE. Malnutrition, tube feeding and pressure sores: data are incomplete. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995; 43:447-51. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCytokines in Sepsis: Potent Immunoregulators and Potential Therapeutic Targets—An Updated View 15 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 6Page: 520KeywordsDatabasesFoodLong-term careLung and intrathoracic tumorsMalnutritionMedical risk factorsNursing homesNutrientsNutritionPressure ulcers Issue Published: 15 September 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...