tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Familial prevalence of gallstone in first-degree relatives of patients with gallstones
Authors: S K Sarin
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Familial Prevalence of Gallstones in First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Gallstones to subject their asymptomatic patients with gallstones Reply: to unnecessary surgery.Where have we made even the slightest hint that the relatives with asymptomatic We were a bit surprised to read the letter by Drs.gallstones should be subjected to surgery?Where is the Romero and Phillips. 1 It is apparent that they read our fright or the question of postcholecystectomy complicaarticle in the July issue of HEPATOLOGY 2 very casually tions?In fact, we would caution readers not to suggest and have failed to understand the clear messages of a such a course.carefully designed study.They have not provided any 5.We are happy that in the end Drs.Romero and new thoughts on the subject and their concerns seem Phillips do accept our hypothesis of high familial occurill founded.We would like to bring the following facts rence of gallstones.We are sure that after we have to their attention:clarified their misinterpretation of certain words in our 1.The statement ''willing to participate in the study'' article, they would appreciate the scientific merits of is just another way of writing that an informed consent this carefully designed and meticulously conducted was obtained from every subject.It should not for once study.be understood to convey that ''any'' unwilling relativeThe hypothesis and the results of our study are quite was excluded from the study.All relatives were inclear and cannot be refuted on emotional grounds by cluded.There is no bias.anyone.Science develops by carefully designed studies 2. ''Which first degree relative.''This has been amply that provide reproducible observations.Our study has detailed in the article that parents/siblings/offspring of ample support from the literature.A high familial prevthe index patient were included.There was no selection alence of gallstones has been supported by several process.Our endeavor was to include every living relaother investigators in the past. [3]][5][6][7][8] tive, with a minimum of three per index patient (330 relatives of 105 index patients were studied).With the SHIV K. SARIN inclusion of at least 3 relatives, we aimed to screen at Department of Gastroenterology least 2 generations; parents and siblings or siblings G. B. Pant Hospital and offspring (if above the age of 15 years).None of the New Delhi, India living relatives were excluded.It is absolutely wrong
'Solitary' necrotic nodules of the liver: an aetiology reaffirmed.
Authors: M Sundaresan, B Lyons, A B Akosa
Journal: Gut (1991)

Morphological features of lesions conforming to the description of solitary necrotic nodules of the liver were compared with liver haemangiomata and necrotic tumour metastases in the liver. An origin in haemangiomata is confirmed for most of the lesions studied, although the necrotic nodule may represent the end stage of a variety of lesions. These lesions are usually benign, although necrotic nodules are often mistaken for liver metastases. A reticulin stain is useful in assessing the lesions.
Russian report: perspectives on strikes by health care staff.
Authors: M. Ryan
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Back in Moscow after the abortive coup last August, 1268 and 2567 roubles a month.)In Ryazan region, Mikhail Gorbachev declared that he had returned to a where health care workers were worst paid, the different country.Just how different it was at the level proportion was 43%.That evidence could have served of high politics became apparent to all as constituent only to further confirm the conviction of medics that republics of the Soviet Union declared their indepensociety placed a low valuation on their caring activities.
Residential exposure to plasticizers and its possible role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Authors: L Oie, L G Hersoug, J O Madsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used in building materials. DEHP is identified as the major plasticizer exposure in dwellings. We provide evidence that inhalation exposure to DEHP as aerosols adsorbed to particulate matter is as important, or more important, than vapor phase exposure. The particulate inhalation exposure to DEHP is considered to be significant due to its low clearance and extensive penetration into the pulmonary region. DEHP is capable of creating high local concentrations in the airways at the deposition site with subsequent local effects. The proposed mechanism of effect states that mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the primary hydrolysis product of DEHP, mimics the inducing prostaglandins (PG) PGD(2), 9alpha,11betaPGF2, and PGF2alpha, and thromboxanes in the lungs, thereby increasing the risk of inducing inflammation in the airways, which is a characteristic of asthma.
Fatal Herpesvirus Hominis (Herpes Simplex Virus) Infections in Children
Authors: Ralph E. Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Generalized infections or encephalitis due to herpesvirus are being recognized with increasing frequency. Recognition of these infections is facilitated by a high index of suspicion, by careful history of contacts with herpesvirus infection during the perinatal period, and by familiarity with clinical syndromes compataible with such infections. Diagnosis is confirmed by isolation of virus from blood or tissues; however, isolation of herpesvirus from other specimens may be helpful. The prognosis in patients with generalized herpesvirus infections or encephalitis is so dismal that early confirmation of diagnosis is indicated. Biopsy specimens should be studied by direct viral isolation procedures, fluorescent antibody techniques, and microscopic examination for characteristic intranuclear inclusions. Therapeutic trials with idoxuridine (IDU) and supportive measures deserve further study.
Abstract 2771: Genetic variation in interleukin, TLR, TNF and TRAF genes of NF-κB activation pathway and risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Wen Liu-Mares, Jennifer J. Hu, Ioanna Konidari, Glenn O. Allen, Peter E. Clark, M. Craig Hall, Chuanhui Dong, J. Sunil Rao, William K. Scott
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract It has been suggested that NF-κB triggers both the onset and resolution of inflammation by governing the expression of genes essential in activating malignancy-promoting signaling pathways. Members of the NF-κB activation pathway include tumor necrosis factor (TNF), several interleukins (IL), TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs), and toll-like receptors (TLR). These molecules are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and response to proinflammatory cytokines and mediating the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in TNF, IL, TRAF, TLR and the main units of NF-κB genes were assessed for the association with prostate cancer (PrCA) risk in a clinic-based study of Caucasian and African-American cases and controls. A total of 709 tagSNPs (with minor allele frequency &amp;gt; = 5% and r2&amp;gt;=0.8) in 54 genes were genotyped in 903 Caucasians (552 cases and 351 controls) and 174 African-Americans (74 cases and 100 controls) using a custom Illumina Infinium II ® assay. Logistic regression models were used to examine each tagSNP with PrCA (adjusting for age and family history of prostate cancer and using an additive model for the SNP). Empirical p-values were generated by permutation (using 10,000 replicates) to correct for multiple comparisons. Statistically significant associations were observed in Caucasians at the NFkBIL1 and IL1R1 genes. The strongest evidence for association came at a polymorphism in the promoter region of the NFkBIL1 gene (rs3219184) (OR = 0.51 [95% CI 0.35-0.74], p = 0.0005), and a polymorphism in the 3’ flanking region of the IL1R1 gene (rs3917332) (OR = 1.60 [95% CI 1.23-2.09], p = 0.0005). We conclude that common variations in NFkBIL1 and IL1R1 might play important roles in PrCA susceptibility. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2771. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2771
Sex Education in Schools— A Polemic
Authors: R. I. Westbrook
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have three very strong objections: I would insist and demand that the American Medical Association release to the news wires that this was nothing more than an editorial opinion of one writer and that this is not the position of the AMA. I am expressing my objections to the whole idea of sex education in schools for this reason and the reason to follow. I am a Christian and therefore any approach to the subject of human reproduction without a concomitant correlation of God and his divine plan is not only objectionable but heretic. And since the US Supreme Court has declared in one test case (and this applies only in that individual case and does not apply to all schools just as a result of the decision in that one case) that prayer or any reference to a deity is a violation of
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SEDIMENTATION TEST
Authors: JOHN OSBORN POLAK
Journal: JAMA (1928)

In 1926 we presented before the American Gynecological Society an analysis of a year's experience with the blood sedimentation test as a diagnostic and prognostic sign in gynecologic conditions, and from these studies we drew the conclusions that in this test we have another aid in the diagnosis of infection, which, when frequently repeated and correlated with the clinical history, temperature curve and the white cell changes, is a valuable index as to when to operate, as well as a sign of prognostic value. The value of any test will depend on its simplicity, its applicability and the additional information which it affords over other diagnostic methods or when correlated with them. Since the appearance of that paper, sedimentation tests have been done on every patient admitted to the gynecologic wards of the Long Island College Hospital. One of the resident staff has been assigned to this work and more
UK supermarket is granted licence to sell Viagra to reduce internet sales
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

From this week Tesco will be able to sell the erectile dysfunction treatment sildenafil (marketed as Viagra) in 300 pharmacies in its supermarkets across the United Kingdom without the need for a prescription from a GP. 

The Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency confirmed that sildenafil remains a prescription only drug and is not available over the counter—instead Tesco has been granted permission to dispense the treatment under a special licence called a patient group direction.

These licences are granted in situations where they offer an advantage to the care of patients without compromising their safety and also where they provide an opportunity for general health screening. The agency says that Tesco is registered with the Healthcare Commission and meets the statutory requirements for such directions, which include ensuring that the …
P385Distinct contribution of cardiac connexins on regulating the action potential propagation in the healthy and diseased heart
Authors: M Constantin, S Dupuis, S Chaigne, T Desplantez
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Cardiac gap junctions display distinct electrical properties in the different tissues that ensure the coordinated propagation of the action potential. They are clusters of intercellular gap junction channels (GJC) composed of connexins (Cxs) Cx40, Cx43, Cx45 and Cx30.2, which exhibit specific pattern of expression in the healthy heart. Importantly, in the diseased heart (e.g. atrial and ventricular fibrillations), a Cxs remodeling, i.e. altered expression and localization, and pro-arrhythmic electrical properties have been observed.

The aim of this study is to determine the role of Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 in regulating the propagation of action potential. The mouse atrial phenotypic HL-1 cell line, owning a spontaneous contractile activity and that co-expresses Cx40, Cx43 and traces of Cx45, is used. Extracellular electrical recordings on microelectrodes arrays are performed to characterize the cardiac impulse propagation, i.e. the conduction velocity (CV) and direction. The electrical activity was recorded before and after pacing at frequencies of 2Hz, 5Hz, 10Hz and 30Hz that mimic the changing beating frequency in the healthy and diseased heart.

We observed that HL-1 cells display a spontaneous rhythmic coordinated activity of ≈1 Hz characterized by a CV ≈ 35 mm/s. After pacing, we observed that the higher the frequency, the slower the CV. Interestingly, the conduction becomes disorganized at 10 Hz, and chaotic and not homogeneous after burst stimulations (30Hz), similar to ECG recordings of atrial fibrillation observed in patients and animal models. This suggests that gap junction channels adapt to the frequency to ensure a safe propagation, up to a threshold that alters their electrical properties. SiRNA transfection that down-regulate each connexin will determine their specific contribution in regulating the CV. Biochemical characterization and patch clamp recordings on cell pairs are ongoing to correlate the GJC make-up and electrical properties to the distinct CV.
Rising Cost of Medical Care-Reply
Authors: Vernon H. Mark
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In Reply. —  Dr Bader  raised some interesting points regarding the future of Medicaid. However, it is difficult to generalize from his experiences. For example, he and his colleagues have been fortunate enough to work in a hospital (Seattle-King County) that is able to provide care that has technically been good, often excellent. I interpret this to mean that this hospital  good physical facilities. Unfortunately, this is not true of many city, county, and state hospitals, particularly in large urban areas with a history of neglect. Many of these hospitals are staffed or supervised by medical school faculties. The quality of medical care is good, but the physical facilities are inadequate.  Dr Bader describes a special prepaid health insurance program using Blue Cross-Blue Shield for residents of the ghetto area in Seattle. He admits that this program  taken patients away from the county hospital: Some even elect
Occurrence of Tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane, tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol, and some other persistent organochlorines in Japanese human adipose tissue.
Authors: T B Minh, M Watanabe, S Tanabe, T Yamada, J Hata, S Watanabe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane (TCPMe) and tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH) are among the most recently identified environmental contaminants. Despite their widespread contamination in the marine environment, human exposure to these compounds remains relatively unknown. We determined the concentrations of TCPMe, TCPMOH, and other persistent organochlorines such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its metabolites, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, hexachlorobenzene, and chlordane compounds (CHLs) in human adipose tissue from Japan. TCPMe and TCPMOH were detected in all of the adipose samples analyzed; the concentrations ranged from 2.5-21 and 1.1-18 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. Concentrations of TCPMe and TCPMOH in humans were less than those reported in marine mammals, suggesting the possibility of metabolism and elimination of these compounds by humans. Significant correlation between TCPMe and TCPMOH with concentrations of DDT and its metabolites in human adipose tissues suggested that exposure to DDT is the source of TCPMe and TCPMOH in humans. The age- and sex-dependent accumulation of TCPMe and TCPMOH as well as other organochlorines was less pronounced. Results for other organochlorines indicated that recent contamination status of PCBs in human samples from Japan was higher than that in developing countries, whereas DDT contamination is lower. Greater concentrations of CHLs in human adipose tissue from Japan than in those from other countries suggest that continuous monitoring of CHLs in humans in Japan is necessary. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the accumulation of TCPMe and TCPMOH in human adipose tissue.
The case for a notation-independent representation of number
Authors: Stanislas Dehaene
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Cohen Kadosh &amp; Walsh (CK&amp;W) neglect the solid empirical evidence for a convergence of notation-specific representations onto a shared representation of numerical magnitude. Subliminal priming reveals cross-notation and cross-modality effects, contrary to CK&amp;W's prediction that automatic activation is modality and notation-specific. Notation effects may, however, emerge in the precision, speed, automaticity, and means by which the central magnitude representation is accessed.
Drinking water and cancer.
Authors: R D Morris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Any and all chemicals generated by human activity can and will find their way into water supplies. The types and quantities of carcinogens present in drinking water at the point of consumption will differ depending on whether they result from contamination of the source water, arise as a consequence of treatment processes, or enter as the water is conveyed to the user. Source-water contaminants of concern include arsenic, asbestos, radon, agricultural chemicals, and hazardous waste. Of these, the strongest evidence for a cancer risk involves arsenic, which is linked to cancers of the liver, lung, bladder, and kidney. The use of chlorine for water treatment to reduce the risk of infectious disease may account for a substantial portion of the cancer risk associated with drinking water. The by-products of chlorination are associated with increased risk of bladder and rectal cancer, possibly accounting for 5000 cases of bladder cancer and 8000 cases of rectal cancer per year in the United States. Fluoridation of water has received great scrutiny but appears to pose little or no cancer risk. Further research is needed to identify and quantify risks posed by contaminants from drinking-water distribution pipes, linings, joints, and fixtures and by biologically active micropollutants, such as microbial agents. We need more cost-effective methods for monitoring drinking-water quality and further research on interventions to minimize cancer risks from drinking water.
'Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection'
Authors: James J. Milbauer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was surprised by the approach taken by Buchwald et al<sup>1</sup>in their recent study of what they term<i>chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection</i>. The authors defined their study group solely on the basis of self-reporting of symptoms by patients. The symptom complex associated with "chronic active EBV infection" is compatible with many other organic disorders, as well as with psychoneurosis. A serious study of this syndrome would surely include only those patients who combine the appropriate symptomatology with physical findings such as lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, or fever, preferably chronic and unexplained by appropriate workup. The reported clinical findings (none of the patients had fever, pharyngitis, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly and a minority had lymphadenopathy) support my feeling that few, if any, of the patients in the study suffered from the syndrome seen at Incline Village, Nev,<sup>2</sup>and elsewhere. The reported prevalence of 21%
Ferrocyanic Test Pellets as a Clinical Test for Albumen
Authors: F. W. Pavy
Journal: BMJ (1883)

over an inclined plane enabled the three fragments to come well together, but their mutual relations were considerably disturbed by comparatively slight movement of the body.The tendo Achillis was then divided, and the long splint applied, with an extra dress weight of thirty pounds.The parts fell into excellent position, and could be firmly and evenly maintained there.Tile wound was dressed antiseptically.The patient was greatly shaken by the accident, and had received, in addition to the above injury, a very severe laceration of the arm, and a compound fracture of the left leg into the ankle-joint.He never rallied from the shock, but, in a few days, became delirious, and died eight days after his admission.At the post mortent examination the observations above made were verified at leisure.
Childhood Immunization Registries
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin, Zita Lazzarini
Journal: JAMA (1995)

COMMON childhood illnesses, such as measles, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and polio, once accounted for a substantial proportion of infant and child morbidity and mortality in the United States.<sup>1</sup>Complete and timely early immunization can now effectively prevent these and other childhood diseases.<sup>2-4</sup>Despite the potential to protect the health of society's most vulnerable population, approximately one third of the 4 million infants born annually in the United States do not receive all of their recommended immunizations by age 2 years.<sup>5</sup> The rate of complete immunization of school-aged children in the United States (&gt;95%) is as high, or higher, than most other developed countries.<sup>6,7</sup>Yet the rate of full immunization of preschoolers (&lt;65%)<sup>8</sup>is less than that of many developed (and even some developing) countries.<sup>9</sup>While the most recent provisional data show significant improvement in specific immunizations, levels for all immunizations remain well below the
QRST subtraction combined with a pacemap catalogue for the prediction of ectopy source by surface electrocardiogram in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kee-Joon Choi, Dipen C Shah, Pierre Jais, Meleze Hocini, Laurent Macle, Christophe Scavee, Rukshen Weerasooriya, Florence Raybaud, Jacques Clementy, Michel Haissaguerre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)