tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of transient outward current in young human atrial myocytes
Authors: G. J Gross, R. P Burke, N. A Castle
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The aim was to characterise the development of the transient outward current (Ito) in atrial myocytes of infants and children.Whole cell voltage clamp was used to study outward currents in enzymatically isolated atrial myocytes from infants and children ranging in age from 3 days to 13.2 years.A transient inactivating current characteristic of Ito was observed in 71 myocytes from 22 patients aged 3 days to 13.2 years, including a 10 day old infant born prematurely at 33 weeks gestation. There was no discernible developmental trend in Ito current density [10.74(SEM 0.65) pA.pF-1 at +40 mV, n = 71 cells from 22 patients] or voltage dependence of inactivation, newborn values being similar to those in older children, and in adults reported elsewhere. A developmental reduction in total outward current density was attributable entirely to diminution of the non-inactivating steady state current component. The Ito time course of inactivation showed an apparent maturational evolution, with the youngest infants having slightly but significantly slower inactivation kinetics. The kinetics of Ito recovery from inactivation were well described by a single exponential model with no appreciable developmental trend in time course.Ito is expressed in human atrial myocytes from early infancy and does not show significant developmental changes in current density. The relative contribution of Ito to myocyte repolarisation might increase with age as a result of diminution in the non-inactivating current component. There is an apparent slight maturational acceleration in the time course of Ito inactivation but not in recovery from inactivation, perhaps excluding the latter as a mechanism for the previously reported functional unavailability of Ito in young human atrial muscle.
Cameron announces 100m for "unlocking the power of DNA data"
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Up to 100 000 patients in England with cancer or rare diseases are to have their entire genome sequenced over the next three to five years, the prime minister announced on 10 December. And £100m (€125m; $160m) of new money will be earmarked for sequencing, for training geneticists, and for improving NHS systems to make best use of the new data.

“By unlocking the power of DNA data, the NHS will lead the global race for better tests, better drugs, and, above all, better care,” David Cameron said. “If we get this right, we could transform how we diagnose and treat our most complex diseases, not only here but across the world, while enabling our best scientists to discover the next wonder drug or breakthrough technology.”

Sally Davies, the chief medical officer, said, “Understanding and harnessing genetic information offers huge potential to target effective treatments and develop new treatments and cures. Single gene testing is already available across the NHS, ranging from diagnosing cancers to assessing patients’ risk of suffering side effects from treatment.

“At the moment these tests focus on diseases caused by changes in a single gene. This funding opens …
Secondary Overtriage
Authors: Meredith J. Sorensen, Friedrich M. von Recklinghausen, Gwendolyn Fulton, Kenneth W. Burchard
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Unnecessary interfacility transfer of minimally injured patients to a level I trauma center (secondary overtriage) can cause inefficient use of resources and personnel within a regional trauma system. <h3>Objective</h3> To describe the burden of secondary overtriage in a rural trauma system with a single level I trauma center. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective analysis of institutional trauma registry data. <h3>Setting</h3> Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, a rural level I trauma center. <h3>Patients</h3> A total of 7793 injured patients evaluated by the trauma service at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011. <h3>Exposure</h3> Evaluation by the trauma service. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Patients transferred from another hospital to Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center who did not require an operation, had an Injury Severity Score lower than 15, and were discharged alive within 48 hours of admission. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 7793 evaluated patients, 4796 (62%) were transferred from other facilities. When compared with scene calls (n = 2997), transferred patients had a similar median Injury Severity Score of 9, but 24% of transferred adult patients and 49% of transferred pediatric patients met our definition of secondary overtriage. The overtriaged patients were most likely to have injuries of the head and neck (56%), followed by skin and soft-tissue injuries (41%). Seventy-two unique institutions transferred trauma patients to Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, but 36% of the overtriaged patients were from 5 institutions. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The incidence of secondary overtriage in our rural trauma center is 26%, with head and neck injuries being the most common reason for transfer. Costs for transportation and additional evaluation for such a significant percentage of patients has important resource utilization implications. Effective regionalization of rural trauma care should include methods to limit secondary overtriage.
Status of Cardiovascular Health in US Adults
Authors: Christina M. Shay, Hongyan Ning, Norrina B. Allen, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Stephanie E. Chiuve, Kurt J. Greenlund, Martha L. Daviglus, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The American Heart Association's 2020 Strategic Impact Goals define a new concept, cardiovascular (CV) health; however, current prevalence estimates of the status of CV health in US adults according to age, sex, and race/ethnicity have not been published.We included 14 515 adults (≥20 years of age) from the 2003 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Participants were stratified by young (20-39 years), middle (40-64 years), and older (≥65 years) ages. CV health behaviors (diet, physical activity, body mass index, smoking) and CV health factors (blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, smoking) were defined as poor, intermediate, or ideal. Fewer than 1% of adults exhibited ideal CV health for all 7 metrics. For CV health behaviors, nonsmoking was most prevalent (range, 60.2%-90.4%), whereas ideal Healthy Diet Score was least prevalent (range, 0.2%-2.6%) across groups. Prevalences of ideal body mass index (range, 36.5%-45.3%) and ideal physical activity levels (range, 50.2%-58.8%) were higher in young adults compared with middle or older ages. Ideal total cholesterol (range, 23.7%-36.2%), blood pressure (range, 11.9%-16.3%), and fasting blood glucose (range, 31.2%-42.9%) were lower in older adults compared with young and middle-aged adults. Prevalence of poor CV health factors was lowest in young age but higher at middle and older ages. Prevalence estimates by age and sex were consistent across race/ethnic groups.These prevalence estimates of CV health represent a starting point from which effectiveness of efforts to promote CV health and prevent CV disease can be monitored and compared in US adult populations.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Indexes for Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Based on Various Availabilities of Sampling Times
Authors: Michael Stumvoll, Timon Van Haeften, Andreas Fritsche, John Gerich
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

We have recently proposed a series of indexes for β-cell function and insulin sensitivity to be calculated from glucose and insulin concentrations obtained during a classic World Health Organization oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (1). The models were validated by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic and the hyperglycemic clamp technique, respectively. The generation of these indexes was based on simple statistical models using stepwise linear regression analysis. The variables in the model assumed the availability of determinations at 0, 30, …
Improved angiogenic response in pig heart following ischaemic injury using human skeletal myoblast simultaneously expressing VEGF<sub>165</sub> and angiopoietin‐1
Authors: Lei Ye, Husnain Kh. Haider, Shujia Jiang, Ru San Tan, Ruowen Ge, Peter K. Law, Eugene K.W. Sim
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Efficacy of somatostatin and vasopressin in the control of acute variceal hemorrhage
Authors: S. A. Jenkins, J. N. Baxter, W. Corbett, P. Devitt, J. Ware, R. Shields, D. Kravetz, J. Terés, J. Bosch, J. Bruix, J. Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1985)
ALBUMIN: CREATININ RATIO STRONGLY PREDICTS ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN NON ST SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Authors: Fedor Novo, Claudio Cesar Higa, Maria Sol Donato, Maria Graciana Ciambrone, Jimena Gambarte, Natalia Rizzo, Ignacio Nogues, Maria Paula Catalano, Rocio Piccinini, Eugenio Korolov, Pablo Comignani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of benzene in Zymbal gland and other key target tissues after oral administration in rats.
Authors: L K Low, J R Meeks, K J Norris, M A Mehlman, C R Mackerer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Solid tumors have been reported in the Zymbal gland, oral and nasal cavities, and mammary gland of Sprague-Dawley rats following chronic oral administration of benzene. The cause for the specificity of such lesions remains unclear, but it is possible that tissue-specific metabolism or pharmacokinetics of benzene is responsible. Metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in our laboratory with 14C-benzene at oral doses of 0.15 to 500 mg/kg to ascertain tissue retention, metabolite profile, and elimination kinetics in target and nontarget organs and in blood. Findings from those studies indicate the following: a) the Zymbal gland is not a sink or a site of accumulation for benzene or its metabolites even after a single high dose (500 mg/kg) or after repeated oral administration; b) the metabolite profile is quantitatively different in target tissues (e.g., Zymbal gland, nasal cavity), nontarget tissues and blood; and (c) pharmacokinetic studies show that the elimination of radioactivity from the Zymbal gland is biphasic.
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Lung in a 27-Year-Old Pregnant Woman
Authors: Jasna But Hadzic, Ajra Secerov, Matjaz Zwitter, Janez Lamovec, Izidor Kern, Gorazd Kavsek, Ksenija Mahkovic Hergouth, Jacques De Greve
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Judith's Pavilion: The Haunting Memories of a Neurosurgeon
Authors: Robert M. Crowell
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Death haunted early neurosurgery. When Harvey Cushing began brain tumor surgery, operative mortality exceeded 50%. "Everyone dies that I touch," he wrote to his wife in 1909. Most would quit, but Cushing was driven to conquer brain tumors. By 1931, he had lowered mortality to under 10%, an amazing achievement. To weather the depressing early years, Cushing had developed a heavy armor of aequanimitas. He created the image of a neurosurgeon that endures today—the brilliant technician with a detached, even icy, demeanor. Marc Flitter, MD, doesn't fit this stereotype. In<i>Judith's Pavilion: The Haunting Memories of a Neurosurgeon</i>, he demonstrates a deep empathy for suffering and dying patients in his care. The central theme of his book is death as human sadness, to be shared by patients, families, and their doctors. Flitter tells how he dealt with devastation in a dozen well-crafted neurosurgical tales. Judith Halpern's is the most
Criterion-Related Validity of the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research for Alexithymia in Patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Piero Porcelli, Massimo De Carne
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

Background: Because of criticism made against psychiatric assessment of somatization, alternative Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR) have been proposed by an international group of psychosomatic investigators. One of these criteria concerns the alexithymia construct. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the criterion-related validity of the DCPR for alexithymia syndrome (DCPR-A). A secondary aim was to explore the relationship between alexithymia and depressed mood. Method: The study included 190 consecutive outpatients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Alexithymia was assessed by means of the DCPR-A and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Depressed mood was assessed on the basis of the Depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HDS) and the DSM-IV criteria. Results: The sensitivity of the DCPR-A together with the TAS-20 was 70.2%, specificity was 81.6%, positive predictive power 88.9%, negative predictive power 66.0% and overall hit rate 46.8%. DCPR-A positives scored significantly higher than DCPR-A negatives on the TAS-20 scores (t = 9.86, p < 0.001). The TAS-20 was not associated with any measure of depression, while the DCPR-A was significantly associated with the HDS and DSM-IV criteria. Conclusions: The DCPR-A had adequate sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, thus proving that the criterion has good validity. The differences in association found between alexithymia and depression suggest that they may be due to differences in the methods of investigation rather than to the constructs per se.
Effect of penicillamine therapy on circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Idris Mohammed, D. Barraclough, E.J. Holborow, Barbara M. Ansell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

The sera of 40 patients with severe progressive rheumatoid arthritis were examined for the presence of soluble immune complexes before penicillamine therapy was started, and again after treatment for a mean period of 14-4 months. The methods used were radiobioassay (macrophage uptake), C1q-binding capacity, and precipitation by 4% polyethylene glycol. Before treatment the sera of 37 patients showed significantly enhanced uptake of 125I-labelled aggregated human IgG by guinea pig macrophages. Treatment produced significant falls in mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate, differential agglutination titre, and serum IgG and IgM levels, and enhancing complexes (EC) decreased or disappeared in 20 patients. In 9 patients EC changed to inhibiting complexes, and in 8 EC levels were unchanged. In 6 of 8 patients with cutaneous vasculitis initially, both lesions and EC disappeared. The total protein and the IgG and IgM precipitated from patients' sera by 4% polyethylene glycol fell significantly on treatment. Antinuclear antibody titres were unchanged by penicillamine, and 3 patients acquired these antibodies during treatment. These findings suggest that penicillamine treatment in rheumatoid arthritis reduces the level of circulating soluble immune complexes in which IgM rheumatoid factor is a component.
Cancer Registry Problems in Classifying Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: C. F. Lynch, C. E. Platz, M. P. Jones, J. M. Gazzaniga
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Cancer Registry Problems in Classifying Invasive Bladder Cancer Get access Charles F. Lynch, Charles F. Lynch * 1Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health University of IowaIowa City, Iowa * Correspondence to: Charles F. Lynch, MD, PhD, 2826 Steindler Building, Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles E. Platz, Charles E. Platz 2Department of Pathology, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael P. Jones, Michael P. Jones 2Department of Pathology, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jeanne M. Gazzaniga Jeanne M. Gazzaniga 2Department of Pathology, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 6, 20 March 1991, Pages 429–433, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.6.429 Published: 20 March 1991 Article history Received: 04 May 1990 Revision received: 24 December 1990 Accepted: 03 January 1991 Published: 20 March 1991
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1 Is Critical for Apoptosis in Macrophages Subjected to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro and in Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions In Vivo
Authors: Wah-Seng Lim, Jenelle M. Timmins, Tracie A. Seimon, Anthony Sadler, Frank D. Kolodgie, Renu Virmani, Ira Tabas
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Macrophage apoptosis is a critical process in the formation of necrotic cores in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro and in vivo data suggest that macrophage apoptosis in advanced atheromata may be triggered by a combination of endoplasmic reticulum stress and engagement of the type A scavenger receptor, which together induce death through a rise in cytosolic calcium and activation of toll-like receptor-4. Methods and Results— Using both primary peritoneal macrophages and studies in advanced atheromata in vivo, we introduce signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) as a critical and necessary component of endoplasmic reticulum stress/type A scavenger receptor–induced macrophage apoptosis. We show that STAT1 is serine phosphorylated in macrophages subjected to type A scavenger receptor ligands and endoplasmic reticulum stress in a manner requiring cytosolic calcium, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and toll-like receptor-4. Remarkably, apoptosis was inhibited by ≈80% to 90% ( P &lt;0.05) by STAT1 deficiency or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibition. In vivo, nuclear Ser-P-STAT1 was found in macrophage-rich regions of advanced murine and human atheromata. Most important, macrophage apoptosis was decreased by 61% ( P =0.034) and plaque necrosis by 34% ( P =0.02) in the plaques of fat-fed low density lipoprotein receptor null Ldlr −/− mice transplanted with Stat1 −/− bone marrow. Conclusions— STAT1 is critical for endoplasmic reticulum stress/type A scavenger receptor–induced apoptosis in primary tissue macrophages and in macrophage apoptosis in advanced atheromata. These findings suggest a potentially important role for STAT1-mediated macrophage apoptosis in atherosclerotic plaque progression.
Hypoglycemia Associated with Extrapancreatic Tumors
Authors: Shemuel Nissan, Adoniram Bar-Maor, Eleazar Shafrir
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Two patients had hypoglycemia associated with large and diffuse mesenchymal abdominal tumors. In these, the pattern of changes in blood glucose and free fatty acids after a glucose load or epinephrine injection, high plasma lactate levels, low serum insulin and insulin-like activity and excessive glucose uptake by tumor tissue in vitro indicated that the primary cause of hypoglycemia was enhanced glucose dissimilation by the large mass of the tumor. Deficient compensatory glucogenesis might have been a contributing factor. Divergent patterns of the response of serum free fatty acids to epinephrine injection were related to insulin-dependent and independent hypoglycemia.
II. RENAL THRESHOLD FOR HEMOGLOBIN IN DOGS UNINFLUENCED BY MERCURY POISONING
Authors: William H. Havill, John A. Lichty, Gordon B. Taylor, George H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

The minimal or depression renal threshold for dog hemoglobin is not modified by moderate doses of mercuric chloride. This type of renal injury involves the epithelium of the convoluted tubules but the glomeruli escape. We are unable to explain our findings if we assume that the tubular epithelium takes an active part in the passage of dog hemoglobin from the blood into the urine. The evidence points toward the glomerular tuft as responsible for the passage of the hemoglobin from the blood plasma into the tubules. The glomerular tuft establishes the true hemoglobin threshold under these conditions. If the convoluted tubules are normal, we note that hemoglobin is taken into the epithelium and this explains the high initial renal threshold. With repeated hemoglobin injections this tubular epithelium becomes stuffed with hemoglobin pigment fractions and can absorb no more, which explains the minimal or depression threshold. Further injury of this tubular epithelium with mercury causes no change in this minimal renal threshold, unless we produce actual tubular obstruction.
Papillary Carcinoma Occurring within an Adenomatous Goiter of the Thyroid Gland in Cowden's Disease
Authors: Kaori Kameyama, Hiroshi Takami, Kuniharu Miyajima, Takashi Mimura, Yasuhiro Hosoda, Kunihiko Ito, Koichi Ito
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2001)
Production of diglyceride from phosphatidylinositol in activated human platelets.
Authors: S Rittenhouse-Simmons
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Human platelets generate diglyceride within 5 s of exposure to thrombin. Production of diglyceride is transient. 15 s after the addition of thrombin, the levels of diglyceride have increased up to 30-fold, but decrease thereafter. Prior incubation of platelets with 2 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP prevents both the generation of diglyceride and the secretion of serotonin. Acetylsalicylic acid (100 microgram/ml), which completely inhibits prostaglandin endoperoxide synthesis, does not block diglyceride production and serotonin secretion induced by thrombin. Based on studies examining the incorporation of [3H]arachidonic acid into diglyceride of prelabeled platelets exposed to thrombin, it is concluded that neither phosphatidic acid nor triglyceride is the source of the diglyceride. Phosphatidylinositol appears to be the most likely source, both because its loss of radiolabel is sizable and rapid enough to account for the appearance of radiolabel in diglyceride, and because a phosphatidylinositol-specific phosphodiesterase, described in this report, exists in platelets. The phosphatidylinositol-phosphodiesterase, which produces diglyceride and inositol phosphate, requires Ca+2 and shows optimal activity at pH 7. The enzyme does not act upon phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, or phosphatidylserine.
Pericardial effusion causes interstitial pulmonary edema in dogs.
Authors: J I Sznajder, E Evander, E R Pollak, C Becker, A G Little
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The pulmonary effects of pericardial effusion were studied in eight anesthetized dogs, with emphasis on lung mechanics, O2 exchange, and extravascular thermal lung volume (ETV) accumulation, while warm saline was instilled into the pericardium to elevate pericardial pressure. The results were compared with those from four time-controlled and sham-operated dogs. ETV, as measured by a double-indicator technique, increased from 8.1 +/- 0.8 ml/kg at a pericardial pressure of 0 mm Hg to 12.9 +/- 2.1 ml/kg at 11.0 mm Hg (p less than .01). In the control group, ETV increased from 6.5 +/- 0.7 to 8.2 +/- 0.5 ml/kg over an equal time span. This increase in ETV in the experimental dogs was inversely related to pulmonary compliance, which decreased by 29% as ETV increased (p less than .05), whereas in the time-controlled group of animals it decreased by 8.8%. Arterial PO2 did not deteriorate during the protocol in either group. Histologic examination showed increased interstitial fluid, but neither alveolar fluid nor septal edema, and gravimetric measurements of lung liquid were also consistent with interstitial fluid accumulation in experimental but not control animals. These findings are concordant with the clinical observation that alveolar edema is rarely seen in the presence of pericardial tamponade. Conceivably, progression from interstitial to alveolar edema did not occur both because of the low pulmonary blood flow that occurs as part of pericardial tamponade physiology and/or because the hydrostatic pressures were not elevated enough to produce higher rates of fluid transudation.