tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Endoscopic Feature in the Duodenum of a Young Girl With Intraluminal Duodenal Diverticulum
Authors: S. Massironi, R. Penagini, M. T. Bardella, V. Di Carlo, D. Conte, M. Quatrini
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

A 14-year-old Italian girl was admitted to our department because of acute pancreatitis. Her previous medical history included an episode of pancreatitis six months earlier. A physical examination gave negative findings. Biochemical investigation showed increased levels of serum amylase (660 IU/l, normal < 220) and lipase (10 000 IU/l, normal < 300); abdominal ultrasound revealed only an enlarged pancreas. Pancreatitis due to increased levels of calcium and lipids, the use of alcohol or drugs, or cystic fibrosis was excluded. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in a search for anatomical abnormalities of the pancreatic duct and biliary tree; unexpectedly, no proper papilla of Vater was detected but, near its usual location, there was a small hole through which bile was gushing (Figure [1]). Contrast medium injected through the “hole” showed a normal small-bowel loop; this was confirmed by advancing a forward-viewing endoscope. Interestingly, the caudal part of the duodenum formed a smooth-surfaced polypoid mass covered by normal mucosa during air aspiration (Figure [2]), which disappeared during air insufflation (Figure [1]). A voluminous intraluminal duodenal diverticulum was finally diagnosed by means of standard barium meal radiography, and surgically resected. The patient has so far been followed up every 3 months for 15 months and has not experienced any more bouts of pancreatitis; her serum amylase and lipase levels remain normal.
Enhanced botrocetin‐induced type iib von willebrand factor binding to platelet glycoprotein ib initiates hyperagglutination of normal platelets
Authors: K. Nishio, Y. Fujimura, K. Niinomi, Y. Takahashi, A. Yoshioka, H. Fukui, Y. Usami, K. Titani, Z. M. Ruggeri, T. S. Zimmerman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Botrocetin, a protein isolated from the venom of the snake Bothrops jararaca, induces platelet aggregation/agglutination by von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to the membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib, an action resembling that of ristocetin. However, some differences in the interaction between vWF and platelet GPIb induced by these two substances have been reported. We have recently shown that the GPIb binding domain on the vWF molecule, in both instances, resides in the tryptic 52/48 kDa fragment extending from amino acid residue 449 to 728 of the constituent subunit. In the present report, we demonstrate that botrocetin does not induce agglutination of formalin‐fixed platelets from a patient with Bernard‐Soulier syndrome congenitally lacking GPIb and GPIX as well as GPV, a finding similar to that shown with ristocetin. A monoclonal antibody against GPIb (AP‐1) inhibits either ristocetin‐ or botrocetin‐dependent vWF binding to formalin‐fixed platelets from normal individuals. Therefore, botrocetin‐induced vWF binding to formalin‐fixed platelets may reflect the interaction between vWF and platelet GPIb. To strengthen this concept, we have now found that heightened botrocetin‐induced type IIB vWF binding to platelet GPIb causes hyperagglutination of normal platelets.
Beyond Fast Track for Drug Approvals
Authors: Thomas G. Roberts, Bruce A. Chabner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In recent years, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted fast-track approval for cancer treatments that are effective in only 10 to 15 percent of patients, without requiring sponsors to identify the patients who are most likely to benefit. In this article, the authors propose that the FDA make rapid approval of new molecularly targeted cancer therapies contingent on sponsors' agreement to invest in research designed to identify subgroups of patients who are likely to have a response to treatment.
SARS and Carlo Urbani
Authors: Brigg Reilley, Michel Van Herp, Dan Sermand, Nicoletta Dentico
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

On February 28, the Vietnam French Hospital of Hanoi, a private hospital of about 60 beds, contacted the Hanoi office of the World Health Organization (WHO). A patient had presented with an unusual influenza-like virus. Hospital officials suspected an avian influenzavirus and asked whether someone from the WHO could take a look. Dr. Carlo Urbani, a specialist in infectious diseases, answered that call (Figure). In a matter of weeks, he and five other health care professionals would be dead from a previously unknown pathogen. We now know that Hanoi was experiencing an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). . . .
European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Guideline for Video Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: J-F. Rey, G. Gay, A. Kruse, R. Lambert
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) represents a significant advance in the investigation of intestinal diseases. The performance of the procedure and the indications for it are reviewed here in order to establish guidelines for its use, in accordance with current knowledge based on clinical practice and the published literature. In this guideline, all of the technical features described refer to the M2A Given Imaging video capsule (Given Imaging, Ltd., Yoqneam, Israel).
A British Medical Association Lecture ON THE ESSENTIAL SIGNS OF ARTERIO-SCLEROTIC DISEASE
Authors: G. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1924)

often collects his material for examination from the post- .~rIti5I gtbhfat ;ox5StIlitIOnItsectunre noirtema room thla the operating theatre, the lesion hlas for him aliving interest, for in it he sees the fierce str-uggle ON between the forces of destruction and the forces of resist- aneo and repair.Contrast this vital interest of the morbid THE ESSENTIAL SIGNS OF ARTERIO anatomist with the commonplace opinion of the clinician, SCLEROTIC DISEASE.* who is inclined to see in arterio-sclerosis mere evidence of senility and arterial decay.It cannot be only the (l,Vith Plate in Coloulrs.)failure of therapeusis that gives the clinician this hopeless BY outlook; it is due rather to an imperfect understanding of BYEFRYEASMDCM.F.R.C.P. vascular function and vascular disease.Thus it is not long
Picture of the Month—Quiz Case
Authors: Chung Albert Lee, Andrew J. White
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

A PREVIOUSLY HEALTHY 19-YEAR-OLD WHITE woman was hospitalized with a 4-day history of a rash of unknown etiology. The rash began with an erythematous papule on her right cheek 4 days prior to admission that ulcerated and formed a black eschar. Three days prior to admission she developed a similar lesion on her nose. One day prior to hospitalization, she noted multiple genital lesions. She was hospitalized for diagnostic evaluation after developing a temperature, measured orally, of 100.0°F and additional lesions on the dorsal aspect of both hands. The lesions were mildly pruritic. Associated symptoms included a mild headache and a 1-day history of myalgias. On admission she appeared healthy, with normal vital signs. She had an enlarged submandibular lymph node and inguinal lymphadenopathy. A dermatologic examination revealed an approximately 1-cm in diameter central eschar surrounded by a raised, cream-colored ring with an erythematous base extending approximately 3 cm around the lesions located on her nose and right cheek (Figure 1). There were bilateral erythematous pustules on her hands. There were 2 crusted papules of the suprapubic area and 4 ulcerative lesions on her vulva (Figure 2).
ORTHOPEDIC APPLIANCE FOR ANKYLOSIS OF ELBOW JOINT
Authors: Patrick P. Grosso
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Passed Assistant Surgeon (R.), U. S. Public Health Service We are not always in a position to spend patients' money freely for orthopedic appliances; besides, brace makers are not always handy especially for the country practitioner, and therefore we are sometimes called on to use a little ingenuity and devise a simple apparatus which can be readily made at home. The appliance described here pertains to the reduction of incomplete ankylosis of the elbow joint. It is simple to construct, easy to apply, and the results obtained by its use are exceedingly satisfactory. The principle involved can be used with success in any of the hinged joints. It is that of constant, gradual increasing force in the desired direction. I have used these principles with good results in many cases, even though the hospital had an up-to-date physiotherapy department. The appliance consists of four rigid pieces of wood
Loss of p19Arf in a Rag1−/− B-cell precursor population initiates acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Julia Hauer, Charles Mullighan, Estelle Morillon, Gary Wang, Julie Bruneau, Nicole Brousse, Marc Lelorc'h, Serge Romana, Amine Boudil, Daniela Tiedau, Sven Kracker, Frederic D. Bushmann, Arndt Borkhardt, Alain Fischer, Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina, Marina Cavazzana-Calvo
Journal: Blood (2011)
Adenovirus-Mediated Inducible Gene Expression in Vivo by a Hybrid Ecdysone Receptor
Authors: Uta C Hoppe, Eduardo Marbán, David C Johns
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Precise control of transgene expression would markedly facilitate certain applications of gene therapy. To regulate expression of a transferred gene in response to an exogenous compound in vivo, we modified the ecdysone-responsive system. We combined the advantages of the Drosophila (DmEcR) and the Bombyx ecdysone receptor (BmEcR) by creating a chimeric Drosophila/Bombyx ecdysone receptor (DB–EcR) that preserved the ability to bind to the modified ecdysone promoter without exogenous retinoid X receptor (RXR). In cultured cells, DB–EcR effectively mediates ligand-dependent transactivation of a reporter gene at lower concentrations of the chemical ecdysone agonist GS-E than VgRXR (DmEcR + RXR). Transgene delivery in vivo was achieved by intramyocardial injection of recombinant adenovirus vectors in adult rats. Upon stimulation with GS-E, DB–EcR potently (>40-fold induction) activated gene expression in vivo while VgRXR was not induced. This hybrid ecdysone receptor represents an important new tool for in vivo transgene regulation with potentially diverse applications in somatic and germline transfer.
Specific bioactivities of monocyte-derived interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta are similar to each other on cultured murine thymocytes and on cultured human connective tissue cells.
Authors: E A Rupp, P M Cameron, C S Ranawat, J A Schmidt, E K Bayne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

In this report we compare the bioactivities of pure, human monocyte-derived interleukin 1 (IL-1) alpha and beta in the standard murine thymocyte proliferation assay, a human dermal fibroblast proliferation assay, and in an assay measuring stimulation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from human rheumatoid synoviocytes. In each case the different species of IL-1 produced saturable stimulation and gave similar dose response curves. Half-maximal stimulation was observed at average IL-1 concentrations of 29 pM in the thymocyte assay, 2 pM in the dermal fibroblast proliferation assay, and 5 pM in the synovial cell assay. Our results show that native, monocyte-derived IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are both potent stimulators of connective tissue cells and that the specific bioactivities of these molecules are similar to each other in tests on human connective tissue cells, as well as on murine lymphoid cells.
The Unbearable Quaintness of Neurology
Authors: Richard M. Dasheiff
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  I continue to see the terms   and   in JAMA and the other American Medical Association journals (eg, Archives of Neurology ). These French terms originated in the 1800s and at that time constituted an appropriate classification system for epileptic seizures. However, there have been significant advances during the last century such that these terms are inadequate now. Advances, first through the use of electroencephalography and later of recording patients on videotape with electroencephalographic monitoring during seizures, have lead to a substantial body of information about seizures and epilepsy. A classification of seizures was adopted by the International League Against Epilepsy in 1969 and was revised in 1981. 1 The terms petit mal and grand mal are not advocated in this classification scheme. Although use of the new terms (simple partial seizure, complex partial seizure, tonic-clonic seizure, absence seizure, and so on) have only slowly
Molecular Imaging of Human ACE-1 Expression in Transgenic Rats
Authors: Vasken Dilsizian, Todd K. Zynda, Artiom Petrov, Satoru Ohshima, Nobuhiro Tahara, Nezam Haider, Amanda Donohue, Omer Aras, Frank J. Femia, Shawn M. Hillier, John L. Joyal, Nathan D. Wong, Tomika Coleman, John W. Babich, Jagat Narula
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Bone mineral status and bone loss over time in men with chronic systolic heart failure and their clinical and hormonal determinants
Authors: Ewa A. Jankowska, Justyna Jakubaszko, Aldona Cwynar, Jacek Majda, Beata Ponikowska, Dorota Kustrzycka‐Kratochwil, Krzysztof Reczuch, Ludmila Borodulin‐Nadzieja, Waldemar Banasiak, Philip A. Poole‐Wilson, Piotr Ponikowski
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Socioeconomic Status and Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: John Lynch, George A. Kaplan, Riitta Salonen, Richard D. Cohen, Jukka T. Salonen
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background There is a consistent body of evidence that socioeconomic status (SES) is importantly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, little information currently exists on the relationship between SES and early manifestations of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Methods and Results We investigated the association between education, income, and occupation and intima-media thickness (IMT) in a population-based sample of eastern Finnish men. Data from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study were used to estimate mean IMT across levels of SES in 1140 men. The association between SES and IMT was examined in relation to atherosclerotic risk factors and was also stratified by degree of atherosclerotic progression and prevalent cardiovascular disease. There were significant, inverse, graded differences between levels of SES and IMT. For education, the age-adjusted mean IMTs for those with primary schooling or less, some high school, and completed high school or more were 0.96, 0.94, and 0.82 mm, respectively. The difference in mean IMT between the most extreme categories of education corresponds to a 15.4% increase in the risk of myocardial infarction. Similar patterns were found for each measure of SES, although the differences between the highest and lowest levels of SES were attenuated by adjustment for risk factors. In men who had no carotid stenosis or nonstenotic plaque and in men who had no indication of prevalent cardiovascular disease, a graded, inverse association between SES and IMT persisted, even after risk factor adjustment. Conclusions These findings demonstrate a strong association between SES and atherosclerosis in an unselected population. The results show that this association was mediated by known atherosclerotic risk factors, was evident in the early stages of atherosclerosis, and was apparent in a healthy subgroup. Our findings suggest that the impact of SES is evident early in the natural history of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Gene structure, intracellular localization, and functional roles of sterol carrier protein-2
Authors: Adalberto M Gallegos, Barbara P Atshaves, Stephen M Storey, Olga Starodub, Anca D Petrescu, Huan Huang, Avery L McIntosh, Gregory G Martin, Hsu Chao, Ann B Kier, Friedhelm Schroeder
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2001)
Happy 100th Birthday, JAMA
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This issue ofThe Journalmarks the midpoint of our two-year Centennial celebration ofThe Journal'sfounding, on July 14, 1883. During the first year, we published a monthly feature, MEDICINE IN THE USA: HISTORICAL VIGNETTES, by Dr Lester King. We are pleased that this series will continue for another year and that the entire two-year collection will then be available as a book. Details about publication and availability will be announced at a later date. But this issue is very special, even unique. The cover is the clue. It is a replica of the first cover of<i>JAMA</i>ever published. Inside, a 40-page insert replicates the complete first issue of<i>JAMA</i>. It may be easily removed for preservation. Be sure to note especially the interesting advertisements by medical schools for students, among other features. One of the greatest satisfactions in preparing for the second half of the Centennial has
Cataract Surgery in One Eye or Both
Authors: Jonathan C. Javitt, Earl P. Steinberg, Phoebe Sharkey, Oliver D. Schein, James M. Tielsch, Marie Diener West, Marcia Legro, Alfred Sommer
Journal: Ophthalmology (1995)

To measure the relative effect of cataract surgery in the second eye compared with the first eye on functional impairment, satisfaction, and vision problems.Seventy-five randomly selected ophthalmologists in three cities in the United States were enrolled in a National Study of Cataract Outcomes. They, in turn, referred eligible, sequential patients scheduled for first-eye cataract surgery. Interviews were conducted at enrollment, 4 months after first-eye surgery, and 12 months after first-eye surgery. An attempt was made to conduct a special, preoperative interview of those patients scheduled to undergo second-eye surgery before the 4-month interview. Each interview included administration of the VF-14 (a 14-item questionnaire that assessed visual function), as well as questions about symptoms possibly related to cataract, "trouble with vision," and satisfaction with vision.Seven hundred seventy-two patients were enrolled in the study, and interview data to 12 months were obtained from 669 (86%) patients. Of these patients, 243 (36%) underwent cataract extraction in the second eye during the 12-month period of observation. Overall, subjects who underwent cataract surgery in both eyes during the 12-month period had 61% greater improvement in VF-14 score (P < 0.001), 27% more decline in trouble with vision (P < 0.001), and 24% greater improvement in satisfaction with vision (P < 0.001) compared with those who underwent surgery in only one eye.Cataract surgery in the second eye of patients with bilateral cataract is associated with clinical and statistically significant improvement in functional impairment, trouble with vision, and satisfaction with vision.
The Impact of Mutation and Gene Conversion on the Local Diversification of Antigen Genes in African Trypanosomes
Authors: E. Gjini, D. T. Haydon, J. D. Barry, C. A. Cobbold
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Patterns of genetic diversity in parasite antigen gene families hold important information about their potential to generate antigenic variation within and between hosts. The evolution of such gene families is typically driven by gene duplication, followed by point mutation and gene conversion. There is great interest in estimating the rates of these processes from molecular sequences for understanding the evolution of the pathogen and its significance for infection processes. In this study, a series of models are constructed to investigate hypotheses about the nucleotide diversity patterns between closely related gene sequences from the antigen gene archive of the African trypanosome, the protozoan parasite causative of human sleeping sickness in Equatorial Africa. We use a hidden Markov model approach to identify two scales of diversification: clustering of sequence mismatches, a putative indicator of gene conversion events with other lower-identity donor genes in the archive, and at a sparser scale, isolated mismatches, likely arising from independent point mutations. In addition to quantifying the respective probabilities of occurrence of these two processes, our approach yields estimates for the gene conversion tract length distribution and the average diversity contributed locally by conversion events. Model fitting is conducted using a Bayesian framework. We find that diversifying gene conversion events with lower-identity partners occur at least five times less frequently than point mutations on variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) pairs, and the average imported conversion tract is between 14 and 25 nucleotides long. However, because of the high diversity introduced by gene conversion, the two processes have almost equal impact on the per-nucleotide rate of sequence diversification between VSG subfamily members. We are able to disentangle the most likely locations of point mutations and conversions on each aligned gene pair.
Modifiers of Exposure-Response Estimates for Lung Cancer among Miners Exposed to Radon Progeny
Authors: Richard W. Hornung, James Deddens, Robert Roscoe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The association between lung cancer and exposure to radon decay products has been well established. Despite agreement on this point, there is still some degree of uncertainty regarding characteristics of the exposure-response relationship. The use of studies of underground miners to estimate lung cancer risks due to residential radon exposure depends upon a better understanding of factors potentially modifying the exposure-response relationship. Given the diversity in study populations regarding smoking status, mining conditions, risk analysis methodology, and referent populations, the risk estimates across studies are quite similar. However, several factors partially contributing to differences in risk estimates are modified by attained age, time since last exposure, exposure rate, and cigarette smoking patterns. There is growing agreement across studies that relative risk decreases with attained age and time since last exposure. Several studies have also found an inverse exposure-rate effect, i.e., low exposure rates for protracted duration of exposure are more hazardous than equivalent cumulative exposures received at higher rates for shorter periods of time. Additionally, the interaction between radon exposure and cigarette smoking appears to be intermediate between additive and multiplicative in a growing number of studies. Quantitative estimates of these modifying factors are given using a new analysis of data from the latest update of the Colorado Plateau uranium miners cohort.