tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 kills renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro by triggering an apoptotic pathway involving caspase activation and Fas upregulation.
Authors: P G Conaldi, L Biancone, A Bottelli, A Wade-Evans, L C Racusen, M Boccellino, V Orlandi, C Serra, G Camussi, A Toniolo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

HIV-infected patients suffer several renal syndromes, which can progress rapidly from renal insufficiency to end-stage renal disease. Histologically, HIV-induced nephropathy is characterized by prominent tubulopathy with apoptosis of tubular cells. Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that renal injury may be directly related to virus infection. Although HIV-1 is a polytropic and not solely lymphotropic pathogen, the susceptibility of renal cells to HIV-1 remains to be determined. This paper demonstrates in vitro the permissiveness of proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) to HIV-1 and describes the effects of PTEC infection to explain the pathogenesis of tubular damage in vivo. The results indicate that PTEC express HIV-specific receptor and coreceptors and sustain virus replication. We observed that HIV-1 infection causes the death of tubular cells by triggering an apoptotic pathway involving caspase activation. Fas upregulation but not Fas ligand expression was found in the infected PTEC. However, after HIV-1 infection, tubular cells became susceptible to apoptosis induced through Fas stimulation. Caspase inhibition prevented the death of the infected PTEC in spite of persistent viral replication. These findings may explain the prominent histopathology of HIV-associated nephropathy and demonstrate that the apoptosis of nonlymphoid cells can be directly induced by HIV-1.
A direct comparison of biological response modulation and clinical side effects by interferon-beta ser, interferon-gamma, or the combination of interferons beta ser and gamma in humans.
Authors: J H Schiller, B Storer, D M Paulnock, R R Brown, S P Datta, P L Witt, E C Borden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

To directly compare clinical side effects and biological response modification, IFN-beta ser, IFN-gamma, or the combination of IFN-beta ser plus IFN-gamma was administered to 21 cancer patients. Each IFN or the combination was given intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 in varied order. Each IFN and the combination resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) modulation of IFN-induced proteins. IFN-beta ser was more effective than IFN-gamma in enhancing 2-5A synthetase activity (P = 0.001). IFN-gamma was more effective than IFN-beta ser in enhancing serum beta 2 microglobulin expression (P = 0.05) and indoleamine dioxygenase activity, as assessed by decreased serum tryptophan (P = 0.03). The combination enhanced tryptophan catabolism more effectively than IFN-beta ser in a dose-dependent manner (P less than 0.03). IFN-beta ser/IFN-gamma did not potentiate natural killer cells or antibody-dependent cellular toxicity (ADCC). IFN-beta ser/IFN-gamma enhanced monocyte guanylate cyclase activity, as assessed by serum neopterin, more effectively than IFN-gamma alone (P = 0.005). Both IFNs and the combination resulted in increases in HLA class II expression on monocytes. However, no significant difference in the level of induction of HLA DQ and HLA DR expression between IFN-beta ser/IFN-gamma and either IFN-beta ser or IFN-gamma was noted. Although frequency and servity of side effects of IFN-beta ser, IFN-gamma, or the combination were dose related, induction of induced proteins (with exception of influences on tryptophan catabolism) were not a function of dose administered over the 10-fold range. Continued treatment with the combination intravenously three times a week for 4 wk sustained but did not further potentiate, most of the changes in interferon-induced proteins. Thus, IFN-beta ser and IFN-gamma each resulted in effective and essentially equivalent patterns of induction of induced proteins. When combined, however, these IFNs did not result in potentiation of biological response modification in vivo.
3 IL28B POLYMORPHISM IS ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAHEPATIC ISG EXPRESSION AND PEGINTERFERON-A/RIBAVIRIN RESPONSE RATE IN CHRONIC HCV INFECTION
Authors: A. Thompson, D. Schuppan, T. Urban, J. Fellay, K. Shianna, J. McHutchison, D. Goldstein, N. Afdhal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Platelet aggregation in aortic and coronary venous blood in patients with and without coronary disease. 3. Role of tachycardia stress and propranolol.
Authors: J Mehta, P Mehta, C J Pepine
Journal: Circulation (1978)

We studied 16 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to evaluate platelet aggregation in blood samples withdrawn simultaneously from the aorta and coronary sinus. At rest, mean platelet aggregation in coronary venous blood was significantly lower than that in aortic blood. Platelet counts in coronary venous blood were also lower than in the aortic blood in each of the six CAD patients in whom counts were done. Platelet aggregation was lower in seven patients who were taking propranolol than in the remaining nine who were not taking propranolol. During tachycardia stress, platelet aggregation increased in all patients, but the magnitude of increase was greater in patients not taking propranolol. In four other patients without CAD, platelet aggregation and counts were also studied in the same fashion and were similar in both the aortic and coronary venous blood. These data suggest that in certain CAD patients, platelet consumption or destruction within atherosclerotic vasculature may occur. Propranolol may reduce platelet aggregation at rest and modify excessive aggregation during tachycardia stress in certain CAD patients.
A Meta-analysis of Hormone Replacement Therapy for Fracture Prevention—Reply
Authors: David J. Torgerson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FDA advisory panels recommend Lotronex be put back on market
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Two advisory committees of the US Food and Drug Administration have jointly recommended that alosetron hydrochloride (Lotronex), voluntarily withdrawn in November 2000 by GlaxoSmithKline, should be put back on the market.

It is the first time in the FDA's history that an advisory panel has recommended that a banned drug ( BMJ 2000;321: 1429) should be reintroduced.

GlaxoSmithKline said that it applied to the FDA for approval to allow the reintroduction of alosetron tablets under modified conditions …
Acquisition of cell surface IgD after in vitro culture of neoplastic B cells from the murine tumor BCL1.
Authors: P C Isakson, J W Uhr, K A Krolick, F Finkelman, E S Vitetta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Murine BCL1 tumor cells bear large amounts of surface IgM and trace amounts of surface IgD. In the present studies we have shown that cultivation of these cells, in the absence of lipopolysaccharide, results in the acquisition of IgD by virtually all the cells. These results suggest that BCL1 cells can differentiate in vitro into more mature B cells and offer an attractive model for analyzing the factors controlling appearance of IgD on a monoclonal cell line.
The Impact of Genetic Counseling Upon the Family Milieu
Authors: Robert L. Tips, Henry T. Lynch
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Modern genetic counseling comprises clinical appraisal of problems of affected individuals an nonaffected relatives within the family milieu. The implications of genetics produce multifaceted emotional stresses permeating the families and fostering interpersonal and intrafamily hostilities to the extent that reproduction of offspring essentially ceases after the birth of the affected member. Through empathetic communication with the family, genetic counseling promotes reasonable acceptance and realistic adjustment, plus a measurable effect on reproductive performances of female kindred.
Regulations, Payment Affect Stroke Research
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Desirable performance characteristics for BCR-ABL measurement on an international reporting scale to allow consistent interpretation of individual patient response and comparison of response rates between clinical trials
Authors: Susan Branford, Linda Fletcher, Nicholas C. P. Cross, Martin C. Müller, Andreas Hochhaus, Dong-Wook Kim, Jerald P. Radich, Giuseppe Saglio, Fabrizio Pane, Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Y. Lynn Wang, Richard D. Press, Kevin Lynch, Zbigniew Rudzki, John M. Goldman, Timothy Hughes
Journal: Blood (2008)
Intestinal lymphangiectasia presenting with duodeno-jejunal polyposis: enteroscopic findings
Authors: A. Hirano, T. Matsumoto, M. Esaki, K. Fujita, M. Iida
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 55-year-old woman with a pelvic fracture was referred by the orthopedic department at our hospital for severe hypoproteinemia. The patient had been diagnosed as having primary intestinal lymphangiectasia at the age of 25. Under capsule endoscopy, numerous filiform-like polyps with whitish villi were observed from the distal duodenum to the jejunum ([Fig. 1 a]) with exudation of a chylous substance from the mucosal surface ([Fig. 1 b]).
Near fatal asthma attacks: the reliability of descriptive information collected from close acquaintances.
Authors: D A Campbell, G McLennan, J R Coates, P A Frith, P A Gluyas, K M Latimer, A J Martin, D M Roder, R E Ruffin, D Scarce
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--The reliability of information collected from close acquaintances of the deceased in studies on mortality from asthma has not been assessed. As part of a South Australian asthma mortality study, levels of agreement for information obtained directly from cases--that is, cases who had experienced near fatal asthma attacks--were compared with corresponding information concerning these cases obtained independently from close acquaintances. METHODS--The first 51 subjects presenting from the outset of the main study to hospital accident and emergency departments with near fatal asthma attacks were included to gain an early assessment of the reliability of responses. The level of agreement between self reported information and that obtained from close acquaintances was compared by means of a kappa statistic or intraclass correlation coefficient, depending on the measurement scale. Both score one for complete agreement and zero when there is no agreement. RESULTS--High levels of agreement were found for questions relating to use of hospital services, with agreement levels ranging from 0.92 for visits in the past month to accident and emergency departments, to 0.86 for prior hospital admissions and 0.78 for prior need for assisted ventilation. Levels of agreement for drug treatment ranged from 1.00 for use of beta agonists to 0.64 for corticosteroid use, and to a low 0.24 for use of sodium cromoglycate. There was moderate agreement for histories of regular use of over the counter medications without a medical consultation (0.57). Psychiatric characteristics showed moderate levels of agreement, with values of 0.44 for personal history of psychiatric consultations and 0.50 for denial score. Agreement scores were 0.66 for doctor visits in the past month, 0.66 for limitations in daily activities, 0.76 for loss of work days in the past month, 0.59 for severity of asthma, and 0.55 for frequency of asthma attacks in the past month. Poorer agreement scores were found for trends in asthma symptoms (0.21) and frequency of symptoms during the past three years (0.12). Sleep disturbance was also associated with a low agreement score (0.25). CONCLUSIONS--The more visible the asthma manifestation, and the more recent the period to which it applies, the more reliable is the information provided by close acquaintances. These factors need to be taken into account when using information from close acquaintances in asthma mortality studies.
Estrogen modulates cutaneous wound healing by downregulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor
Authors: Gillian S. Ashcroft, Stuart J. Mills, KeJian Lei, Linda Gibbons, Moon-Jin Jeong, Marisu Taniguchi, Matthew Burow, Michael A. Horan, Sharon M. Wahl, Toshinori Nakayama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Characteristic of both chronic wounds and acute wounds that fail to heal are excessive leukocytosis and reduced matrix deposition. Estrogen is a major regulator of wound repair that can reverse age-related impaired wound healing in human and animal models, characterized by a dampened inflammatory response and increased matrix deposited at the wound site. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a candidate proinflammatory cytokine involved in the hormonal regulation of inflammation. We demonstrate that MIF is upregulated in a distinct spatial and temporal pattern during wound healing and its expression is markedly elevated in wounds of estrogen-deficient mice as compared with intact animals. Wound-healing studies in mice rendered null for the MIF gene have demonstrated that in the absence of MIF, the excessive inflammation and delayed-healing phenotype associated with reduced estrogen is reversed. Moreover, in vitro assays have shown a striking estrogen-mediated decrease in MIF production by activated murine macrophages, a process involving the estrogen receptor. We suggest that estrogen inhibits the local inflammatory response by downregulating MIF, suggesting a specific target for future therapeutic intervention in impaired wound-healing states.
A Short History of Medicine
Authors: Helen Blackman
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acquired cyclic neutropenia: Successful treatment with prednisone
Authors: George M. Rodgers, Marc A. Shuman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract A previously healthy woman developed severe, periodic neutropenia after ingestion of phenylbutazone. Oscillations in the monocyte count and hemoglobin concentrations also occurred. The neutropenic episodes were associated with severe bacterial infections requiring hospitalization. Lithium induced a transient interruption in the neutropenia, but continued use was ineffective. Prednisone in a dosage of 100 mg daily successfully interrupted the neutrophil cycling and prevented infection. The patient has remained in remission on 10 mg of prednisone on alternate days.
TrnR2, a Novel Receptor That Mediates Neurturin and GDNF Signaling through Ret
Authors: Robert H. Baloh, Malú G. Tansey, Judith P. Golden, Douglas J. Creedon, Robert O. Heuckeroth, Catherine L. Keck, Drazen B. Zimonjic, Nicholas C. Popescu, Eugene M. Johnson, Jeffrey Milbrandt
Journal: Neuron (1997)
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Cost-Effectiveness of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Abnormal Fractional Flow Reserve”
Authors: William F. Fearon, David Shilane, Nico H.J. Pijls, Derek B. Boothroyd, Pim A.L. Tonino, Emanuele Barbato, Peter Juni, Bernard De Bruyne, Mark A. Hlatky
Journal: Circulation (2014)

We thank Drs Fan and He for their interest in our article. 1They raise a number of issues that have both philosophical and technical dimensions.We agree that patients may vary in the degree to which their symptoms reduce quality of life, and that an individual may be more (or less) willing to have a procedure to relieve angina.Although individuals do vary in their preferences, the average in preferences in the target population is still the best metric to evaluate procedures that apply to populations.Our analysis was performed from the perspective of the U.S. healthcare system, and we agree that decision-makers in other countries need to adapt our findings to local circumstances.The prices for medical resources differ greatly among countries, as well as their willingness-to-pay thresholds.So any cost-effectiveness analysis will have to be interpreted in light of these differences.In general, cost-effectiveness analyses from a U.S. perspective are likely to be similar for most higher income countries, especially in Europe, but less applicable to lower income settings where resources are more constrained, or where relative prices (eg, for a coronary stent versus hourly wages for nurses) are quite different from the United States.Finally, we agree that the follow-up in the Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation II (FAME II) study was shorter than originally planned, and that consequently we had to make some assumptions to perform the cost-effectiveness analysis.All cost-effectiveness models require assumptions, however, so our study was not unusual in this regard.We do believe our assumptions were reasonable, and that our findings were presented in a transparent fashion.Because our findings were relatively unchanged with even substantial variation in assumptions, we suggest the conclusions are valid, despite the shorter follow-up.
T Cells and Cytokines in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid after Segmental Allergen Provocation in Atopic Asthma
Authors: J.-Christian Virchow, Christoph Walker, Daniela Hafner, Cornelius Kortsik, Peter Werner, Heinrich Matthys, Claus Kroegel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Increasing evidence suggests a role for activated T cells and cytokines in the regulation of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. In this study, we investigated the distribution of leukocytes, lymphocytes, their activation state, and the cytokine profile in BAL from 10 atopic asthmatics with positive skin prick tests and elevated specific IgE levels to birch or grass pollen. Using segmental allergen challenge, 250 PNU of the appropriate allergen or saline were instilled into different segments, which were lavaged 10 min (10 min) and 18 h (18 h) after allergen challenge or 18 h after saline challenge (C). In peripheral blood the number of neutrophils and activated IL-2R+/CD4+ T cells increased significantly 18 h after allergen provocation; there was no change in eosinophils, other leukocytes, or lymphocyte subsets. In contrast, numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, and IL-2R+/CD4+ T cells increased significantly in BAL samples at 18 h. The numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils were not significantly different in the lavage performed at 10 min and at C. Analysis of cytokines in concentrated BAL fluid revealed significantly increased levels of IL-5, IL-2, IL-1, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF, but not of IL-4 and IFN-gamma at 18 h compared with those at C and at 10 min. The correlation between IL-5 levels, eosinophil numbers, and activated T cells supports a role for T-cell-derived IL-5 in causing tissue eosinophilia in allergic asthma.
Identification of tyrosine kinase, HCK, and tumor suppressor, BIN1, as potential mediators of AHI-1 oncogene in primary and transformed CTCL cells
Authors: Erin Kennah, Ashley Ringrose, Liang L. Zhou, Sharmin Esmailzadeh, Hong Qian, Ming-wan Su, Youwen Zhou, Xiaoyan Jiang
Journal: Blood (2009)
DTCA for PTCA — Crossing the Line in Consumer Health Education?
Authors: William E. Boden, George A. Diamond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

On November 22, 2007, viewers of the nationally televised Thanksgiving Day football game between the Dallas Cowboys and the New York Jets witnessed the launch of the first direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) campaign for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with a drug-eluting coronary stent. The airing of "Life Wide Open," the 60-second commercial for Cypher, the sirolimus-coated stent produced by the Cordis division of Johnson & Johnson, marked the dawn of a new era in medical DTCA, which has for the past decade focused on brand-name pharmaceutical agents.To many consumers, the stent ad may not have seemed surprising or out . . .