tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of a High vs Moderate Volume of Aerobic Exercise on Adiposity Outcomes in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Christine M. Friedenreich, Heather K. Neilson, Rachel O’Reilly, Aalo Duha, Yutaka Yasui, Andria R. Morielli, Scott C. Adams, Kerry S. Courneya
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Body fat increases postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Physical activity may decrease risk through adiposity changes, but the optimal dose of activity is unknown.To compare the effects of 300 vs 150 min/wk of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise on body fat in postmenopausal women.The Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta was a 12-month, 2-armed, 2-center randomized dose-comparison trial conducted from June 2010 through June 2013. Participants were 400 inactive postmenopausal women with body mass index 22 to 40, disease-free, nonsmokers, and nonusers of exogenous hormones.Five d/wk of aerobic exercise (3 d/wk supervised, 2 d/wk unsupervised) for 30 min/session (moderate-volume) or 60 min/session (high volume) achieving 65% to 75% of heart rate reserve for at least 50% of each session. Participants were asked not to change usual diet.Total body fat, measured from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans, was the primary outcome. Other measures included subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat from computed tomography scans, weight, and waist and hip circumferences.Of 400 women, 384 provided baseline and follow-up adiposity measurements. Median (interquartile range) adherence at full prescription for the high- and moderate-volume groups was 254 (166-290) and 137 (111-150) min/wk, respectively. Mean reductions in total fat were significantly larger in the high- vs moderate-volume group (least-squares mean difference, -1.0% [95% CI, -1.6% to -0.4%], P = .002). Subcutaneous abdominal fat and waist to hip ratio decreased significantly more in the high-volume group (least-squares mean difference, -10.8 [95% CI, -19.5 to -2.2] cm², P = .01, and -0.01 [95% CI, -0.02 to 0.00], P = .04, respectively). Changes in weight and intra-abdominal fat were not significantly different between groups (least-squares mean difference, -0.7 [95% CI, -1.6 to 0.2] kg, P = .11, and -1.5 [95% CI, -5.9 to 2.9] cm², P = .50, respectively). Some dose-response effects were stronger for obese women.In previously inactive postmenopausal women, a 1-year prescription of moderate to vigorous exercise for 300 min/wk was superior to 150 min/wk for reducing total fat and other adiposity measures, especially in obese women. These results suggest additional benefit of higher-volume aerobic exercise for adiposity outcomes and possibly a lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01435005.
COPD: Left ventricular dysfunction, systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Natalia Egorova, Natalia Kuzubova, Aleksei Gichkin, Ekatherina Surkova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Disorder of interventricular interaction take place in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim of the study - assessment of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, systemic inflammation and endothelial function in COPD patients with chronic cor pulmonale.

Materials. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of brachial artery (EDVD), echo data of left and right heart, the concentration of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and circulating immune complexes (CIC) in plasma were studied in 92 patients with 2 and 3 stages COPD.

Results. Our results showed the reduction of left ventricular contractile activity, more in stage 3 COPD patients. Degradation EDVD was found in 72% of patients with 2 stage and 91% in 3 stages COPD. In the development of LV failure involved a disorder of interventricular interaction. In COPD patients at an early stage of the disease were detected an imbalance of pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines, increasing the concentration of CIC. Significant correlations (p<0.05) were found in stage 3 COPD patients: between systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) and concentration of the CIC (r=0.39), SPAP and level of IL-1β (r=0.43), and IL-8 (r=-0.64), and LV ejection fraction (r=-0.48). In stage 2 COPD patients significant correlations between SPAP and CIC (r=0.33), and IL-8 (r=-0.36) were found.

Thus, developing systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction contribute not only to the formation of pulmonary hypertension and chronic cor pulmonale, but also the development of left ventricular failure. Joining left ventricular failure in patients with COPD increases the degree of hemodynamic disorders, reduces the quality and duration of life.
Abstract 4692: Outcomes of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Octogenarians
Authors: Fuad Jan, Abdul-Moiz Hafiz, Naoyo Mori, Anjan Gupta, Tanvir Bajwa, Suhail Allaqaband
Journal: Circulation (2009)

BACKGROUND: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) with goal door-to-balloon time <90 minutes is the choice reperfusion strategy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Ho...
Abstract 79: Restart a Heart Day: The Danish Way 2013 and Strategy for 2014
Authors: Grethe Thomas, Merete Kabel, Jesper Kjærgaard, Freddy Lippert
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Purpose of the Study: The first European Restart a Heart Day was held on October 16 th 2013, with the purpose of creating awareness of OHCA and the importance of bystander CPR. Material and methods: The goal was to provide Danes with knowledge of CPR, the use of AEDs and www.hjertestarter.dk . Additionally, Danes were encouraged to take an ERC-approved CPR-AED course. The combination of research presentation and citizen engagement provided the background for the strategic planning of the day. www.hjertestarterdagen.dk was created to enable Danes to view upcoming free events with CPR and AED demonstrations. Pamphlets and posters were made available free of charge for organizers to market the events. Furthermore, a nationwide competition encouraged Danes to locate AEDs not yet registered in the national network for public use. An updated publication of the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry served as a communicative icebreaker toward the media. Figure 1. This astonishing development was highlighted to motivate more Danes to learn CPR. The media campaign included successfully resuscitated persons, bystanders and leading Danish resuscitation scientists. They stressed the importance of learning CPR and emphasized the lack of publicly accessible AEDs. Figure 2. Conclusion: Combining new scientific results with a well-planned media strategy and citizen engagement can motivate and encourage Danes to learn CPR and to register more AEDs available for public use Strategy for 2014: Focus on traffic hubs - e.g. ferries, train stations and airports. Why? Traffic hubs are the most likely places in public space for OHCA.
Estimating the Benefits of Mitigating Climate Change
Authors: Laura Buchholz
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 163: Identification of a bone marrow-derived MDSC subset that promotes the growth of colon carcinoma liver metastases
Authors: Boram Ham
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The hepatic microenvironment can play an important role in promoting liver metastasis. We and others have shown that when metastatic carcinoma cells enter the liver, a rapid inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α is triggered, enabling tumor transendothelial migration and metastasis. TNF-α binds to the cell surface through two receptors; the p55/p60 TNFR1 and the p75/p80 TNFR2. To elucidate the roles of these receptors in the inflammatory cascade and in liver colonization by tumor cells, we used mice with tnfr1, tnfr2 and combined tnfr1/tnfr2 gene deficiencies and investigated parameters of the host response and the outcome of metastasis in these mice using the highly metastatic mouse colon carcinoma MC-38 and lung carcinoma H-59 cells. We found that experimental liver metastasis following intrasplenic/portal inoculation of the tumor cells was markedly reduced in TNFR2-/- and even further in TNFR1-/-/TNFR2-/- female mice as compared to wild-type controls but no reduction was observed in TNFR1-/- mice. To identify the underlying mechanism(s), we investigated changes in the liver microenvironment following tumor inoculation using a combination of immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, qRT-PCR, and cytokine/chemokines profiling. We found that while in wild-type and TNFR1-/- mice, VCAM-1 expression on the sinusoidal endothelium was significantly upregulated within 16 hr post tumor injection, it was unchanged in TNFR2-/- and double negative female mice. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the production of the neutrophil chemokine CXCL1, while upregulated in control mice, was suppressed in TNFR2-/- mice. These changes were associated with a parallel decrease in Ly6G+ neutrophil recruitment into extravascular, pro-metastatic niches 16-48 hr post tumor inoculation. Interestingly, these reductions were not observed in male TNFR2-/- mice and correspondingly, their metastatic burden was not reduced relative to control mice. Taken together, the results suggest that TNFR2 plays a critical and gender-specific role in Ly6G+ cell recruitment into the tumor-microenvironment by regulating sinusoidal endothelial VCAM-1 expression and chemokine production. In turn, the recruitment of these cells into extravascular pro-metastatic niches appears to promote liver metastasis. Citation Format: Boram Ham. Identification of a bone marrow-derived MDSC subset that promotes the growth of colon carcinoma liver metastases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 163. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-163
The role of p53 hot-spot mutations in MYC-driven lymphoma development and treatement responses in vivo
Authors: Soyoung Lee, Marc Eigen, Bernd Dörken, Clemens A. Schmitt
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

3968 

p53 is the most frequently mutated gene in many cancer entities. Both correlative clinical evidence and preclinical data obtained in genetically well-defined model systems underscore the importance of p53 function in tumor development and treatment responses. However, while experimental systems typically address p53 inactivation in knockout models that carry biallelic deletions of the gene, most of the patient samples express mutant p53 carrying distinct amino acid exchanges within the DNA binding domain. The high prevalence of a few ‘hot-spot’ mutants implies that individual missense mutations may produce specific and distinguishable phenotypes during tumor development. While wild-type p53 controls a multitude of cellular functions including cell-cycle regulation, genomic stability, apoptosis and senescence, the functional impairment and significance of these effector mechanisms in p53 mutant tumors remains unclear. Moreover, the fact that p53 acts as tetramer suggests that some mutants might exert dominant-negative properties in the presence of co-expressed wild-type p53. To systematically study the impact of the most relevant individual p53 point mutations during tumorigenesis and subsequent anticancer therapy, we exploited six different p53 hot-spot mutants in the Eμ-myc transgenic mouse lymphoma model by retroviral transduction of myc-transgenic p53-proficient and -deficient hematopoietic stem cells. Lymphomas were allowed to form upon stem cell transfer in recipient mice that underwent myeloablative irradiation. In the p53-proficient background, most mutant activities accelerated lymphoma onset, while only two hotspot mutants - R172H and R270H - were selected for in established lymphomas derived from the p53-deficient background. Importantly, these two mutants also displayed dominant-negative activity in p53-heterozygous lymphomas that retained wild-type p53. Mutant p53 activity rendered primary lymphoma cells with intact endogenous p53 alleles more resistant to short-term drug treatment in vitro, indicating their apoptosis-compromising activity. Using this versatile lymphoma model that closely recapitulates features of human Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, we present here the first comprehensive genetic analysis of individual p53 mutants in vivo. Further evaluation of mutant-specific Tumor Biology and long-term in vivo treatment responses will be discussed at the meeting.
A high resolution oligonucleotide CpG island microarray
Authors: Catherine Foo, David Gordon, Svetlana Shchegrova, Shane Giles, Eric LeProust, Stephen Milligan, Christopher Hopkins, Arindinam Bhattacharjee, Douglas Roberts
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

A56   CpG islands are stretches of high GC content DNA containing multiple CpG dinucleotides. When CpG dinucleotides within these islands are methylated, especially in promoter regions, expression of the corresponding downstream genes is often repressed. Aberrant CpG island methylation is implicated in cancer.  We have developed an oligonucleotide microarray that specifically represents the CpG islands in the human genome. This microarray contains ~230,000 oligo probes tiling the 21 megabases of 27,800 CpG islands, with an average spacing between probes of 95 base pairs. The microarray is designed to be compatible with several published methods for the genome-wide detection of methylated CpG islands. To demonstrate the ability of this microarray to accurately detect methylated DNA, we performed analysis of human genomic DNA samples after methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (mDIP). Additionally, we developed and tested “spike-in” control DNA that was  in vitro  methylated to varying degrees.  The mDIP method combined with CpG island microarray analysis accurately differentiated between partially and fully methylated spike-in DNAs. We then applied the whole-genome assay to the prostate cancer cell line PC3, where we detected methylated CpG islands upstream of cancer related genes including CDKN2A/p16. We extended the study to other cancer cell lines and determined relative methylation at multiple cancer related genes. Finally, using male and female embryonic lung fibroblast cell lines, we demonstrate that many CpG islands on the female X chromosome are more methylated than the corresponding islands on the male X chromosome. In comparison, methylation of CpG islands on the autosomes is essentially the same for both the male and female.
Nonoccupational HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Amneris E. Luque, Sheldon T. Brown
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract B38: Melanoma patient-derived xenografts accurately models the disease and develop fast enough to guide treatment decisions
Authors: Berglind O. Einarsdottir, Roger Olofsson Bagge, Joydeep Bhadury, Henrik Jespersen, Lisa M. Nilsson, Jan Mattsson, Katarina Truvé, Peter Naredi, Ola Nilsson, Marcela Davila Lopez, Ulrika Stierner, Lars Ny, Jonas A. Nilsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The development of novel therapies against melanoma would benefit from individualized tumor models to ensure the rapid and accurate identification of biomarkers of therapy response. Previous studies have suggested that patient-derived xenografts (PDXes) could be used in biomarker of response discovery. However, the clinical utility of PDXes in guiding real-time treatment decisions have only been reported in anecdotal forms. In the present study we aimed to develop a platform of melanoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXes), to assess whether treatment responses in mice would be applicable as a pre-selection tool for clinical trials. To that end, tumor biopsies from patients with stage III and IV metastatic malignant melanoma were transplanted into immunocompromised mice. Most melanoma biopsies generated serially transplantable PDX models, and their histology, and mutation status resembled their corresponding patient biopsy. RNAseq demonstrated that the expression profiles of the tumors are maintained throughout several passages in mice. The potential treatment for one patient was revealed by an in vitro drug screen and treating PDXes with the MEK inhibitor trametinib. In another patient, the BRAF mutation predicted the response of both the patient and its corresponding PDXes to MAP kinase pathway-targeted therapy. Importantly, in this unselected group of patients, the time from biopsy for generation of PDXes until death was significantly longer than the time required to reach the treatment phase of the PDXes. Thus, we demonstrate that it would be clinically meaningful to use this type of platform for a large proportion of melanoma patients as a pre-selection tool in clinical trials. Citation Format: Berglind O. Einarsdottir, Roger Olofsson Bagge, Joydeep Bhadury, Henrik Jespersen, Lisa M. Nilsson, Jan Mattsson, Katarina Truvé, Peter Naredi, Ola Nilsson, Marcela Davila Lopez, Ulrika Stierner, Lars Ny, Jonas A. Nilsson. Melanoma patient-derived xenografts accurately models the disease and develop fast enough to guide treatment decisions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Melanoma: From Biology to Therapy; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(14 Suppl):Abstract nr B38.
Theory and Practice of Medicine.
Authors: Frederick Thomas Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Textbook of Human Genetics.
Authors: Max Levitan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Simple Mendelian inheritance Human chromosomes Disorders of chromosome number Disorders of chromosome structure Gene structure, gene action, and the phenotype The molecular biology of human genes Sex-related inheritance Chance and the distribution of families The random mating law Relationship and consanguinity Factors causing changes in gene frequencies Independent genes Linked genes Epistatic and regulatory interactions Polygenic inheritance Immunogenetics Neoplastic disease and oncogenes Genetic counselling: prenatal diagnosis and empiric risk.
Abstract 105: What Patients Don't Get Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Robert Swor, Thomas Winter, Chris Kreiner
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Current American Heart Association (AHA) Recommendations identify post cardiac arrest Therapeutic Hypothermia(TH) as a 2A recommendation for VT/VF arrest and a 2B recommendation for other rhythms and in hospital cardiac arrest. Interpretation of these recommendations results in inconsistent application of TH to these patients. Objective: 1)To identify outcomes of patients post cardiac arrest who receive or don't received therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and 2)Identify reasons for non-provision of TH in this population. Methods: Retrospective Record review of Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest patients from 2007– 2009 at a single large academic community hospital. The hospital has had a TH program in place since 2005, with policies for use mirroring AHA recommendations. Study authors reviewed all charts and abstracted presumptive reason for non-administration of TH. Elements reviewed included patient demographics, arrest etiology, initial arrest rhythm, time to ROSC, patient pre-arrest comorbidities,...
TCT-78 Predictors of Survival in Patients Undergoing Trans-Catheter Aortic Valve Closure for Significant Left Ventricular Assist Device Associated Aortic Insufficiency
Authors: Elizabeth Retzer, Corey E. Tabit, J Raider Estrada, Jonathan D. Paul, Sandeep Nathan, Janet Friant, Roberto M. Lang, Atman P. Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)