tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Humoral immunity parameters in smoking and non-smoking patients with COPD
Authors: Anatoli Tahanovich, Aliaksei Kadushkin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background. Cigarette smoke is the main risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however emerging evidence suggests that other risk factors are also important.

Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgE, IgG, IgM and percentage of B-lymphocytes in never smoking patients with COPD and COPD smokers.

Methods. We examined 21 non-smokers with COPD, 20 smokers with COPD, 20 healthy non-smokers and 21 healthy smokers. Plasma levels of immunoglobulins were determined by an immunoassay technique. The analysis of B-lymphocyteswas performed using flow cytometry method.

Results. Concentrations of IgA and IgE were significantly elevated in smokers with COPD compared to healthy smokers, and in non-smoking COPD patients compared to healthy non-smokers (p<0.05). Increased plasma level of IgG was observed only in smoking COPD patients compared to smoking healthy control subjects (p<0.05). There were no differences in IgM level and proportion of B-cells between the investigated groups. There was a significant positive correlation between IgE level and the number of pack-years in smoking COPD subjects (R=0.654, p=0.002).

Conclusion. The results of the study support the possible role of IgA, IgE and IgG in the pathogenesis of COPD.
Abstract 2740: Influence of the American Heart Association's Get with the Guidelines Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) Program on Emerging Performance Measures for Patients Hospitalized with Heart Failure
Authors: Gregg C Fonarow, Kenneth A LaBresh, Clyde Yancy, Nancy M Albert, Gray Ellrodt, Adrian F Hernandez, Li Lang, Eric D Peterson, Hosps
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with localized and metastatic prostatic carcinoma: clinical implications.
Authors: R A Ghossein, H I Scher, W L Gerald, W K Kelly, T Curley, A Amsterdam, Z F Zhang, J Rosai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To determine the frequency with which prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-positive cells can be detected in the peripheral blood of patients with prostatic cancer in different stages and with different sensitivities to hormonal therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Peripheral blood from 107 men with prostatic cancer and 27 non-prostate cancer controls was analyzed for PSA mRNA using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blotting. RESULTS The lower limit of detection was one PSA-producing cell diluted into 1 x 10(6) blood mononuclear cells. The test detected PSA mRNA in four of 25 patients (16%) with clinically organ-confined (T1-2) disease, three of 10 (30%) with T3-4 or N+ tumors, and 25 of 72 (35%) with distant metastases. None of the control samples were positive. An increase in positivity was observed with increasing PSA levels. Within the subgroup of patients with distant metastases, positivity was observed in six of 16 patients (38%) with normal or undetectable PSA levels after hormonal therapy and, overall, in 37% of patients (21 of 57) with androgen-independent disease. CONCLUSION An RT-PCR-based assay for PSA mRNA can detect circulating cells in the peripheral blood of patients with prostatic cancer. The frequency of positivity increases with tumor stage. A unique observation was the detection of cells in patients with no measurable PSA on hormonal therapy. This suggests that continued seeding of distant sites may still be occurring in these patients, despite seemingly successful therapy. The relationship between continued seeding, disease progression, and survival will require further study.
Phase I Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Study of Rebeccamycin Analog NSC 655649 Given Daily for Five Consecutive Days
Authors: Afshin Dowlati, Charles L. Hoppel, Stephen T. Ingalls, Susan Majka, Xiaolin Li, Nell Sedransk, Timothy Spiro, Stanton L. Gerson, Percy Ivy, Scot C. Remick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: Rebeccamycin analog (NSC 655649) is active against a variety of both solid and nonsolid tumor cell lines. We performed a phase I trial to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of rebeccamycin analog when given on a daily × 5 schedule repeated every 3 weeks, characterize the toxicity profile using this schedule, observe patients for antitumor response, and determine the pharmacokinetics of the agent and pharmacodynamic interactions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty assessable patients received a total of 153 cycles according to the following dose escalation schema: 60, 80, 106, 141, and 188 mg/m 2 /d × 5 days. RESULTS: Grade 2 phlebitis occurred in all patients before the use of central venous access, placed at dose level 4 and higher. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), grade 4 neutropenia, occurred at 188 mg/m 2 /d × 5 days in both previously treated and chemotherapy-naive patients. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a three-compartmental model of drug elimination and a long terminal half-life (154 ± 55 hours). The percentage drop in absolute neutrophil count correlates with the area under the curve∞. The presence of a second peak during the elimination phase as well as a high concentration of NSC 655649 in biliary fluid compared with the corresponding plasma measurement (one patient) is suggestive of enterohepatic circulation. Two partial responses, two minor responses, and six prolonged (&gt; 6 months) cases of stable disease were observed. Of these, three patients with gallbladder cancer and one patient with cholangiocarcinoma experienced either a minor response or a significant period of freedom from progression. CONCLUSION: The recommended phase II dose for NSC 665649 on a daily × 5 every 3 weeks schedule is 141 and 165 mg/m 2 /d for patients with prior and no prior therapy, respectively, with DLT being neutropenia. During this phase I trial, encouraging antitumor activity was been observed.
Stability of fragrance patch test preparations applied in test chambers
Authors: M. Mowitz, E. Zimerson, C. Svedman, M. Bruze
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Petrolatum patch test preparations are for practical reasons often applied in test chambers in advance, several hours or even days before the patient is tested. As many fragrance compounds are volatile it may be suspected that petrolatum preparations applied in test chambers are not stable over time.To investigate the stability of petrolatum preparations of the seven chemically defined components in the fragrance mix (FM I) when stored in test chambers.Samples of petrolatum preparations applied in test chambers stored at room temperature and in a refrigerator for between 4 and 144 h were analysed using liquid chromatographic methods.The concentration decreased by ≥ 20% within 8 h in four of seven preparations stored in Finn chambers at room temperature. When stored in a refrigerator only the preparation of cinnamal had decreased by ≥ 20% within 24 h. The stability of preparations of cinnamal stored in IQ chambers with a plastic cover was slightly better, but like the preparations applied in Finn chambers, the concentration decreased by ≥ 20% within 4 h at room temperature and within 24 h in a refrigerator. Cinnamal and cinnamyl alcohol were found to be more stable when analysed as ingredients in FM I compared with when analysed in individual preparations.Within a couple of hours several fragrance allergens evaporate from test chambers to an extent that may affect the outcome of the patch test. Application to the test chambers should be performed as close to the patch test occasion as possible and storage in a refrigerator is recommended.
Phase II study of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFN-rA) plus cimetidine in disseminated malignant melanoma.
Authors: E T Creagan, D L Ahmann, S J Green, H J Long, S Frytak, L M Itri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Thirty-five eligible patients with disseminated malignant melanoma received intramuscular recombinant leukocyte interferon (IFN-rA), 50 X 10(6) U/m2 three times weekly (TIW) for an intended duration of 12 weeks concomitant with daily oral cimetidine, 1,200 mg/d in four divided doses. For all study participants, the median survival time was six months. Among 21 "good risk" patients (performance score [PS] 0, 1 and no prior chemotherapy), we observed seven partial regressions (33%). Six patients had stability of disease (29%), seven had immediate disease progression, and one discontinued treatment after two doses without tumor evaluation due to side effects. Times to disease progression of five patients with regressions of soft-tissue disease were 2.1, 3.3, 3.5, 3.7, and 4.3 months. Two patients had partial regressions of lung nodules for 2.0 and 3.8 months. We observed one regression among 14 "poor risk" patients (PS 2, 3, or prior chemotherapy). A 46-year-old woman with prior treatment had a partial regression of soft-tissue disease for 4.1 months. Four "poor risk" patients achieved disease stability, and nine progressed immediately. Leukopenia (WBC count less than 4,100/microL) affected 21 (66%) of 32 patients with WBC count data. The median count was 3,100/microL; range, 1,300 to 8,400/microL. We detected two cases of mild thrombocytopenia (100,000 and 120,000/microL). Other noteworthy toxicities included moderate-to-severe nausea (34%), anorexia (63%), and fatigue (80%). All patients experienced myalgias. Twenty patients had dosage decreases during the first cycle, and 14 of the 16 patients remaining on study after the first cycle required dosage reductions. The overall response rate is similar to our prior studies with IFN-rA as a single agent using TIW doses of 50 X 10(6) U/m2 and 12 X 10(6) U/m2 among 31 and 30 patients, respectively.
REG endpoint validation: Do SABA prescribing records reliably reflect patient-reported reliever use?
Authors: Richard J. Martin, Alexandra Dima, Annie Burden, Helen K. Reddel, Guy Brusselle, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Janet Holbrook, Todor Popov, Gene Colice, Emilio Pizzichini, Julie von Ziegenweidt, Alison Chisholm, David Price
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim:  Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)  is an important aspect of asthma management. As patient reports can be hard to elicit, medical records are sometimes used to infer SABA use. We assessed whether database (DB) evaluation of SABA  reliably reflects patient reported (PR) use.   Methods:  We used a UK research database to select clinical records of patients aged 18–60yrs with an asthma diagnosis, no other chronic respiratory diseases and not receiving maintenance oral steroids. DB SABA prescribing over one year was calculated from prescription records. PR SABA  was computed from asthma questionnaire responses from the same year (assessing PR reliever  in the last week) with one use assumed to be 2 puffs (=200µg salbutamol) and extrapolating over 1yr. DB and PR SABA  were cross tabulated and strength of association assessed using Kendall9s Tau-b (τ b ) test.   Results:  Among the 2425 patients (60% female, 25% current smokers), PR SABA  was consistently lower than the number of inhalers actually prescribed resulting in a weak/significant association between DB and PR SABA  (τ b =0.21; p   Conclusions:  The discrepancy between PR and DB SABA  may reflect under-reporting by patients, prescribing of “spares”, and/or asthma is a variable condition poorly characterised by data from a single week. The difference should be acknowledged in DB studies reporting SABA use.
Glomerular filtration rate is a confounder for determination of serum soluble mesothelin
Authors: Kevin Hollevoet, Dirk Bernard, Frank De Geeter, Natascha Walgraeve, Anja Van den Eeckhaut, Raymond Vanholder, Christophe Van de Wiele, Veronique Stove, Jan P van Meerbeeck, Joris Delanghe
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Regulation of microRNAs in response to herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Eliza Tsitoura, Katerina Antoniou, Anna Psaraki, Ismini Lasithiotaki, Demetrios Spandidos, George Sourvinos, Nikolaos Siafakas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Chronic viral infections have been proposed to cause repetitive epithelial injury in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), either initiating or exacerbating the disease. We recently demonstrated the incidence of HSV-1 in IPF patients. Furthermore, we showed that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells were permissive to HSV-1 exvivo, resulting in the upregulation of fibrotic growth factors and angiogenetic markers. MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules involved in the regulation of most cellular processes and they have been linked with several diseases. Altered expression patterns of anti-fibrotic and pro-fibrotic microRNAs have been previously associated with IPF. Our study focuses on the BALF of IPF patients and the expression patterns of several miRNAs previously implicated in fibrogenesis. We subsequently examined the changes in the miRNA expression patterns of BALF cells induced during the course of HSV-1 infection. Our results indicate that microRNA expression analyses in the cellular fraction of BALF is practical and highly informative. Among the miRNAs which were differentially regulated between IPF and control groups, the hypoxia inducible miR-210 was significantly upregulated whereas, miR-29c and miR-185 were significantly downregulated in IPF samples. Overall, we observed a downregulation of anti-fibrotic microRNAs similarly to what has been previously described from whole tissue analyses. HSV-1 infection of BAL cells from IPF patients resulted in the downregulation of miR-29b and Let-7d and the upregulation of miR-155 in several cases suggesting that HSV-1 infection may change the microRNA profile and enhance the profibrotic patterns of IPF BALF cells.
Abstract P160: Teaching Hospital Employees Basic Life Support using MiniAnne and a 24-minute Self-instruction Video
Authors: Conrad A Bjørshol, Eldar Søreide, Leif Moen, Linda Sivertsen, June Glomsaker, Kjetil Sunde
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction Personal resuscitation manikins with self-instruction video have been shown to be as effective as traditional CPR courses in teaching lay people basic life support (BLS). In order to improve in-hospital skills and self confidence in BLS, we introduced a campaign consisting of this concept in a university hospital. Material and methods All 5,400 employees at Stavanger University Hospital received a personal resuscitation manikin (MiniAnne, Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway) with a 24-min self-instruction video. In addition to recommended home training, video-facilitated training with the same system was offered on an hourly basis for nine days in a hospital meeting room. Prior to this all participants judged their own BLS self confidence (on a scale from 1 to 5, 1=very poor, 5=very good). In addition, randomly chosen employees, evenly distributed between the different departments, were asked to perform BLS on a MiniAnne equipped with a counting device measuring the number of correct chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth ventilations (MTMV) during the first two minutes. Their skills were reassessed six months later. Finally, all employees judged their BLS self confidence nine months after the campaign was initiated. Results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U test and students t-test, as appropriate, and presented as median with inter-quartile range. Results The number of correct chest compressions increased from 60 (5–102) pre-course (n=59) to 119 (75–150) at the six-month follow up (n=39), p&lt;0.0005. There was no difference in the number of correct MTMV with 3 (0–8) vs 4 (0–7), respectively, p=0.23. The self-reported confidence in BLS skills increased from 3.1 prior to MiniAnne introduction (n=3,466) to 3.8 (n=1,399) nine months later, p=0.031. Conclusion This in-hospital BLS campaign including a personal resuscitation manikin and a self-instruction video, increased the number of correctly performed chest compressions and lead to higher self confidence in BLS skills. Such a campaign has the potential to increase and improve BLS performance for in-hospital cardiac arrests.
Healthy Lifestyle Counseling in Persons With Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Lorrie Elliott, Adam S. Cifu
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sex and Ethnic Differences in the Association of Obesity With Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Unhee Lim, Loren Lipworth, Shelly C. Lu, John Shepherd, Thomas Ernst, Lynne R. Wilkens, Brian E. Henderson, Loïc Le Marchand
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Patient-centred cystic fibrosis services.
Authors: John A Dodge
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

I suppose that most students entering medical school do so with a sense of vocation and a hope that by pursuing a medical career they will bring some benefit to other people who are affected by illness or disease. Those so affected are traditionally referred to as patients, although it may be more fashionable to call them clients, customers or consumers. Even some patients have taken up this trend, and like to be called Persons with (in this case) Cystic Fibrosis (CF). They do not realize that to any doctor with a knowledge of medical history they could not occupy a more privileged position than that of Patient, and that this exalted role goes back more than two millennia, when Plato wrote ‘so the physician . . . studies only the patient’s interest, not his own’,1 a theme constantly reiterated by Hippocrates and Galen.2 In the fourteenth century, the Knights Hospitallers of St John of Jerusalem wrote ‘We make a promise which no other people make, promising to be the serf and slave of our lords, the sick’. The great doctor and clinical scientist, Bela Schick (1877–1967), five centuries later wrote ‘First the patient, second the patient, third the patient, fourth the patient, fifth the patient, and then maybe comes science’;3 while Osler (1849–1919), probably the most renowned clinician of the last two centuries, taught his students that ‘The good doctor treats the disease, but the great doctor treats the patient’. Thus, when I hear and read of patient-centred medicine as though it were a new concept, I wonder where we think we have been until now. The doctor’s role, indeed his duty (if I may introduce another unfashionable concept), is to put his knowledge, skills and experience to the service of the patient. Of course, the same responsibility applies to colleagues in all the professions allied to medicine. My medical education was a traditional one, in which the first 2 years were spent studying what were thought to be the essentials of anatomy, physiology and biochemistry, remote from patients. It was with a sense of overdue relevance that we moved from the university to the hospital, for clinical training. In our very first surgical lecture I wrote in my notebook the following quotation:
Antibacterial Prophylaxis in Patients with Neutropenia
Authors: Brahm H. Segal, Alison G. Freifeld
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2007)

Patients with cancer and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia are at risk for severe bacterial infections. This risk is not uniform among all cancer patients but is dependent primarily on the depth and duration of neutropenia and the type of underlying disease. Accordingly, the decision whether to use antibacterial prophylaxis to prevent serious infections in these patients requires a balance between expected benefit and the risks for infection, adverse drug-related events, and emergence of antibiotic resistance. Although antibacterial prophylaxis has the potential to benefit all patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, the benefit regarding reduction in documented infections has been firmly established only in patients with neutropenia expected to exceed 7 days. A recent meta-analysis showed enhanced survival in patients receiving antibacterial prophylaxis during neutropenia; most patients enrolled in the analyzed trials had a hematologic malignancy. Among patients with neutropenia at lower risk for infectious complications (a category that includes most patients with solid tumor malignancies), the main benefit of antibacterial prophylaxis relates to a reduction in fever rather than documented infections. The authors advise quinolone prophylaxis (levofloxacin is preferred), in patients with an expected duration of neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count &lt; 1000/μL) of more than 7 days. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should be used in patients at risk for Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly P carinii ), such as childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In patients with neutropenia expected to last 7 days or less and not receiving immunosuppressive regimens (e.g., systemic corticosteroids), the authors recommend no initial prophylaxis. However, if such patients develop fever during neutropenia, they should be considered for outpatient empiric therapy with an oral quinolone–containing regimen if they meet criteria for low risk for complications.
p53 stabilization and functional impairment in the absence of genetic mutation or the alteration of the p14ARF–MDM2 loop in ex vivo and cultured adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cells
Authors: Shigeki Takemoto, Raffaella Trovato, Anna Cereseto, Christophe Nicot, Tatiana Kislyakova, Luca Casareto, Thomas Waldmann, Giuseppe Torelli, Genoveffa Franchini
Journal: Blood (2000)
Noninvasive Follow-Up of Patients With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection With CT Angiography
Authors: Gerard Roura, Albert Ariza-Solé, Ida Fabiola Rodriguez-Caballero, Josep Gomez-Lara, José Luis Ferreiro, Rafael Romaguera, Luis Teruel, Matias de Albert, Joan Antoni Gomez-Hospital, Angel Cequier
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)