tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
To kill a tumor cell: the potential of proapoptotic receptor agonists
Authors: Avi Ashkenazi, Roy S. Herbst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Disturbances in mechanisms that direct abnormal cells to undergo apoptosis frequently and critically contribute to tumorigenesis, yielding a logical target for potential therapeutic intervention. There is currently heightened interest in the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, with several proapoptotic receptor agonists (PARAs) in development. The PARAs include the ligand recombinant human Apo2L/TRAIL and agonistic mAbs. Mechanistic and preclinical data with Apo2L/TRAIL indicate exciting opportunities for synergy with conventional therapies and for combining PARAs with other molecularly targeted agents. Novel molecular biomarkers may help identify those patients most likely to benefit from PARA therapy.
Developmental Meta-analyses of the Functional Neural Correlates of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Ezra Wegbreit, Grace K. Cushman, Megan E. Puzia, Alexandra B. Weissman, Kerri L. Kim, Angela R. Laird, Daniel P. Dickstein
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating mental illness associated with high costs to diagnosed individuals and society. Within the past 2 decades, increasing numbers of children and adolescents have been diagnosed as having BD. While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have begun to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying BD, few have directly compared differences in youths with BD and adults with BD (hereafter BD-youths and BD-adults, respectively).To test the hypothesis that BD-youths (<18 years old) would show greater convergence of amygdala hyperactivation and prefrontal cortical hypoactivation vs BD-adults.PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched on July 17, 2013, for original, task-related coordinate-based fMRI articles.In total, 21 pediatric studies, 73 adult studies, and 2 studies containing distinct pediatric and adult groups within the same study met inclusion criteria for our ALE analyses.Coordinates of significant between-group differences were extracted from each published study. Recent improvements in GingerALE software were used to perform direct comparisons of pediatric and adult fMRI findings. We conducted activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses directly comparing the voxelwise convergence of fMRI findings in BD-youths vs BD-adults, both relative to healthy control (HC) participants.Analyses of emotional face recognition fMRI studies showed significantly greater convergence of amygdala hyperactivation among BD-youths than BD-adults. More broadly, analyses of fMRI studies using emotional stimuli showed significantly greater convergence of hyperactivation among BD-youths than BD-adults in the inferior frontal gyrus and precuneus. In contrast, analyses of fMRI studies using nonemotional cognitive tasks and analyses aggregating emotional and nonemotional tasks showed significantly greater convergence of hypoactivation among BD-youths than BD-adults in the anterior cingulate cortex.Our data suggest that amygdala, prefrontal, and visual system hyperactivation is important in the emotional dysfunction present in BD-youths, as well as that anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivation is relevant to the cognitive deficits in BD-youths. Future studies are required to determine if the developmental fMRI differences between BD-youths and BD-adults identified by our ALE meta-analyses are useful as brain-based diagnostic or treatment markers of BD, including either longitudinal neuroimaging studies of BD-youths as they become adults or cross-sectional imaging studies directly comparing BD-youths with BD-adults.
Use of the hypospray jet injector for intra-articular injection.
Authors: J Baum, M Ziff
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1967)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of occurrence of malignancy concurrently with temporal arteritis (TA), as well as features and outcome of the vasculitis in such cases. METHODS: In a series of 271 consecutive patients with TA (219 biopsy-proven), we retrospectively analyzed the frequency and type of malignancy concurrent with vasculitis (less than 1 year before or after), as well as the main features and outcome of TA in this setting. We also surveyed all cases published in the French-British literature. RESULTS: We observed 20 patients with TA and concurrent malignancy and reviewed 27 similar published reports. GCA was documented pathologically in 86% of the cases. The time between diagnosis of TA and that of malignancy averaged 3.5 months (synchronous diagnoses in 27 patients). Various locations of cancers were found, particularly the gastrointestinal tract (9 cases); blood malignancies accounted for 45% of cases (lymphoid disorder in 9, myelodysplastic syndrome in 11, chronic myelogenous leukemia in 1). In our patients, logistic regression analysis failed to demonstrate differences between those with and without malignancy, except for a higher frequency of rheumatic involvement in the former group (60% vs 30%; p = 0.01). The initial response to steroid treatment was good in 92% of 40 assessable patients, and the vasculitis course mirrored that of malignancy in only 2 patients. Regarding the outcome of TA, no differences were observed in our patients with and without malignancy. CONCLUSION: Concurrent malignancy in TA is not a rare finding, being observed in up to 7.4% of the cases. Solid malignancies and hematological disorders, especially myelodysplastic syndromes, may represent precipitating factors for development of TA, which infrequently run a paraneoplastic course. Patients with and without malignancy seem almost indistinguishable regarding features and outcome of TA. Physicians who care for patients with TA should be mindful of this potential association, even in typical cases.
Malaria — Recent Progress and Problems
Authors: Franklin A. Neva
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

VARIOUS circumstances dictate the need for current review and reassessment of malaria. Until recently, the disease occupied the back shelf of domestic medical interests although remaining an important problem internationally. Whereas malaria is most dramatic currently in the context of military operations in Southeast Asia, it is the emergence of drug-resistant strains of malaria parasites that highlights the subject today. This resistance of certain plasmodia to modern drugs was noted before the expansion of hostilities in Vietnam, but the malaria problem has become magnified and more complicated as a result of the war. Quite apart from the military implications, however, . . .
New Antiarrhythmic Approved
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MRC dementia research project will cover two million people
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The UK government has declared its backing for a global “fight back against dementia,” as a series of research and funding initiatives to develop new treatments was unveiled at an international conference in London on dementia.

One leading expert warned the conference that poor countries, which can expect to see the biggest growth in the incidence of dementia, must receive fair access to any “game changing” drugs and more investment in community services.

A £16m (€20m; $27m) dementia research project, led by the Medical Research Council, was announced to coincide with the global dementia legacy event on 19 June. The UK Dementias Research Platform is a public-private partnership bringing together industry expertise and investigation teams from eight UK universities that aims to accelerate progress in the early detection, improved treatment, and prevention of dementias. It plans to create the “world’s largest population study” for use in dementia research, bringing together two million participants aged ≥50 from 22 existing study groups in the UK.

Scientists will look to identify better biological and cognitive measures (biomarkers) of the key changes associated with …
Sjogren's syndrome, bromhexine, and tear secretion.
Authors: I Mackie, D V Seal
Journal: BMJ (1978)

geriatric medicine at Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, where a CAT whole-body scanner has been available for some years now, I reviewed all admission to the unit over a seven-year period to see what differences in presentation existed between patients with intracranial neoplasm and stroke.This formed part of a review of the experience of this acute geriatric unit in the presentation and clinical course of brain tumours in the elderly.'Twenty per cent of all admissions to the unit were diagnosed as having a vascular stroke, as defined elsewhere.'3This represents over 1000 patients.Only four of these were subsequently found to have a brain tumour- that is, 0 4 % of all strokes.During the seven-
Elevated IL-8 and MCP-1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Authors: B D Car, F Meloni, M Luisetti, G Semenzato, G Gialdroni-Grassi, A Walz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The potential for interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) to induce neutrophil and mononuclear phagocyte accumulation in the lungs of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was investigated. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from 12 patients with IPF and 15 with sarcoidosis were concentrated by reversed-phase chromatography, and their IL-8 and MCP-1 concentrations assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemotaxis, and enzyme-releasing assays with monocytes and neutrophils. ELISA revealed significantly elevated concentrations of MCP-1 (20.1 ng/mg albumin) in the BAL fluids of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and those with IPF (41.8 ng/mg) in comparison to 11 normal individuals (4.24 ng/mg) and 15 patients with chronic bronchitis (CB) (5.16 ng/mg). Similarly, the chemotactic activity for monocytes (MCP-1 equivalent) was strongly increased in patients with sarcoidosis (86.03 ng/mg) as well as in those with IPF (54.47 ng/mg). The chemoattractant activity of normal individuals and CB patients was 7- or 3-fold lower, respectively. Patients with IPF and sarcoidosis also had elevated IL-8 levels (15.5 and 26.0 ng/mg, respectively; normals: 2.14 ng/mg; and CB patients: 4.23 ng/mg) and greater neutrophil chemotaxis (60.25 and 49.68 ng/mg, respectively; normals: 0.35 ng/mg; and CB patients: 11.06 ng/mg). These data suggest that increased levels of both MCP-1 and IL-8 may be characteristic for sarcoidosis or IPF. It appears likely that both of these chemoattractants contribute to the influx of monocytes and neutrophils into the pulmonary alveolus and interstitium in these diseases.
Risk:benefit ratio in the treatment of psoriasis with systemic retinoids
Authors: B. HALIOUA, J.-H. SAURAT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article Risk:benefit ratio in the treatment of psoriasis with systemic retinoids Get access B. HALIOUA, B. HALIOUA Department of Dermatology, Cantonal University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.‐H. SAURAT J.‐H. SAURAT Department of Dermatology, Cantonal University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland Professor J.‐H.Saurat, Clinique de Dermatologie, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, 1211 Geneve 4, Suisse. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 122, Issue s36, 1 June 1990, Pages 135–150, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb02891.x Published: 01 June 1990
Simplicity’s Virtue Scorned
Authors: Carl W. White
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Utilization of a simple method for the angiographic characterization of coronary flow after thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction has become a hallmark of research efforts in this field since its introduction by the TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) investigators in 1985.1 TIMI flow grades 0 (no flow), 1 (minimal flow), 2 (partial flow), or 3 (complete flow) are now an integral part of the unique vocabulary of cardiologists the world over. This flow characterization has the virtue of being as accessible as the nearest video monitor or cineangiographic viewer and can be obtained quickly, at no additional cost. TIMI flow measurements have appeared to be extremely useful as prognostic indicators of the long-term success or failure of thrombolysis,2 to risk-stratify patients,3 and to compare the efficacy of various thrombolytic regimens.4 Since large mortality trials are expensive and difficult to perform, the 90-minute TIMI flow grade often has been used as a surrogate end point. Early investigators subdivided patients into two groups: TIMI flow grades 0 and 1 at 90 minutes (an undesirable outcome) and TIMI flow grades 2 and 3 (a favorable outcome). More recent investigators have shown considerable differences in the clinical results achieved between TIMI flow grades 2 and 3. A retrospective analysis of four German multicenter thrombolytic trials by Vogt et al5 showed that only patients achieving TIMI flow grade 3 after thrombolysis fared better than TIMI grades 0 and 1. Similar outcomes were obtained by the TEAM-2 investigators, who found that only TIMI flow grade 3 resulted in an improved outcome after thrombolysis.6 Patients achieving TIMI grade 2 flow followed the same course as grades 0 and 1. 

Although widely used, the validity, reproducibility, and determinants of TIMI flow measurements have, unfortunately, received little attention. Most investigators, apparently convinced by …
Repeated Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia after 4 and one-half years
Authors: H. M. Foy
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A recurrence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia after 4 1/2 years was observed in a 40-year-old housewife. Both infections were documented by isolation of the organism, fourfold antibody rise, and pulmonary infiltrate. Naturally acquired immunity to M pneumoniae infection may not always be long lasting.
Putting Prevention Into Practice: Problem Solving in Clinical Prevention
Authors: Charles B. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Can there be anyone in medicine who prefers sickness to health? In medical school it can sometimes<i>seem</i>that way. This textbook and companion teacher's guide are intended for instructors committed to teaching clinical prevention, but whose students may be equally committed to clinical pathology and its treatment. These George Washington University clinical faculty offer a perfectly reasonable solution. If, so they have reasoned, students learn best in the clinical years through case studies, why not use that technique in helping them acquire skills in disease prevention? While this is not an original idea in teaching prevention, as committed clinicians they bring it off in quite convincing style. The editors waste no time in confronting a familiar problem: how to introduce the terminology and methods of public health analyses into the curriculum. They implicitly recognize that too much of a good thing could ruin their intentions. A clever tactic is
<i>In vitro</i> effect of beclomethasone dipropionate and flunisolide on the mobility of human nasal cilia
Authors: G. Stafanger
Journal: Allergy (1987)

Human nasal cilia were perfused with aqueous solutions of two corticosteroid aerosols, beclomethasone dipropionate (BPD) and flunisolide, with the main preservative of flunisolide, propylene glycol, and with placebo. The concentration used were BPD 0.1 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, 0.005 mg/ml and 0.0005 mg/ml, flunisolide 0.25 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ ml, 0.025 mg/ml and 0.00025 mg/ml, and propylene glycol 20 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml. A dose‐related decrease in ciliary beating frequency (CBF) was seen after perfusion with both BDP and flunisolide as well as propylene glycol. The decrease in CBF following perfusion with propylene glycol was partially reversible upon re‐perfusion with medium alone, whereas the decrease seen after BDP and flunisolide was irreversible. Although previous studies have shown no adverse effect on the mucous membrane except for the areas hit by the impact of the sprays, our results suggest that caution should be taken when the dose and/or the length of treatment is considered, and that the effect of administration of these drugs on CBF in vivo needs to be investigated.
Are We Ready to Screen the General Population for Microalbuminuria?
Authors: Linda Fried
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

The United States Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend screening for proteinuria in adults[1][1]; however, this recommendation has not be reviewed since 1989 and therefore cannot take into consideration newer information on benefits of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or
Dextropropoxyphene and jaundice.
Authors: M J Ford, R J Kellett, A Busuttil, N D Finlayson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Dextropropoxyphene and jaundiceThough dextropropoxyphene is a widely used analgesic, only two previous cases of jaundice attributable to its use have been described.1 2 We report three further cases in patients who had not had liver disease or exposure to hepatitis and who did not abuse alcohol. Case 1In November 1976 a 54-year-old woman was given Napsalgesic (dextro- propoxyphene napsylate 50 mg and aspirin BP 500 mg) in a dose of four to eight tablets daily for backache.Within a week she developed rigors, pro- gressively darkening urine, clay coloured stools, pruritus, and, finally, jaundice.She was afebrile and deeply icteric, and abdominal examination showed nothing abnormal.Her haemoglobin was 15 gXdl and white cell count 7-8 X 109/1 with 52",, neutrophils, 3400 lymphocytes, 5°o monocytes, and 90o eosinophils.The results of liver function tests are shown in the table.Hepatitis B surface antigen and smooth muscle and antimitochondrial antibody tests gave negative results.A glucose tolerance test showed that she was mildly diabetic, and a hypotonic duodenogram was normal.At laparotomy no abnormality of the liver, pancreas, or biliary tree was found and operative cholangiography was normal.A wedge liver biopsy showed intra- hepatic cholestasis, the portal triads containing an excess of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils.The patient recovered uneventfully. Case 2A 32-year-old woman was prescribed Depronal SA (dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride 150 mg) in September 1974 for recurrent low backache.Shortly after starting treatment she developed epigastric discomfort, nausea, dark urine, and pale stools.Her backache disappeared and after stopping the Depronal SA she became asymptomatic within a week.She kept the re- maining tablets, and when her backache recurred four months later she took
Repair of Hernias: A Handbook of Operative Surgery
Authors: John H. Wulsin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Both the publisher and the author describe this tidy volume as a "Handbook" of the operative repair of hernia. Given the author's flair and penchant for a lively style and his reputation as an imaginative and skilled surgeon of strong personal conviction, it should not surprise the reader that the book has the flavor more of the memoirs of a successful general than of a compact technical compendium of established operations. This work specifically reflects the growing popularity of "how I do it" and "cine" clinics among surgical meetings. The excellent line drawings represent scenes from actual operations rather than theoretical steps of an idealized procedure, a tour de force in medical illustration, so vivid that the reader has the impression of a cinema-like sequence of sketches. Ravitch narrates the action in pithy terms, calling on personal experience and homily to lend force to his message, and there is excellent
Peristomal skin problems account for more than one in three visits to ostomy nurses
Authors: G.B.E. Jemec, H. Nybaek
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Peristomal skin problems account for more than one in three visits to ostomy nurses Get access G.B.E. Jemec, G.B.E. Jemec Department of Dermatology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde Hospital, DK‐4000 Roskilde, Denmark E‐mail: gbj@regionsjaelland.dk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Nybæk H. Nybæk Department of Dermatology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde Hospital, DK‐4000 Roskilde, Denmark E‐mail: gbj@regionsjaelland.dk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 159, Issue 5, 1 November 2008, Pages 1211–1212, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08839.x Published: 01 November 2008
Netherlands considers introducing preconception care
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The Health Council of the Netherlands, a scientific advisory body, has recommended that the Dutch government introduce an integrated programme of preconception care, to reduce perinatal mortality, miscarriage, premature birth, and congenital abnormalities.

The Dutch government commissioned the council to draw up its advice because the Netherlands has lost its pre-eminent position on perinatal mortality compared with other European Union countries, partly because of a higher proportion of older mothers and mothers belonging to ethnic minorities ( Ned Tijdschr Geneeskr 2004;148:1855-60).

The council's key message is that current antenatal care, which starts after the …
Self-Reported Sleep and β-Amyloid Deposition in Older Adults
Authors: Tomoyuki Kawada
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal