tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Disparities and Trends in Glycemic Control Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S. From 1988 to 2002
Authors: Tao Fan, Carol E. Koro, Donald O. Fedder, Steven J. Bowlin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Tight blood glucose control has been shown to effectively reduce the incidence of retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients (1). The American Diabetes Association recommends that patients with diabetes maintain an HbA1c (A1C) level of <7% (2). Our findings, using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, indicate that from 1999 to 2000, only 36% of adults with type 2 diabetes in the U.S. met this glycemic control goal (3). The current report updates our previous findings of trends in glycemic control from NHANES III (1988–1994) to NHANES 1999–2002. We also appraise the current status of ethnic disparities in diabetes control by examining whether ethnic differences in glycemic control exist among adults aged ≥20 years with type 2 diabetes in the U.S.

We used questionnaire and laboratory data from NHANES III, NHANES 1999–2000, and the newly released NHANES 2001–2002.

Data on demographic information, including race, sex, age, BMI, diagnosis and duration of diabetes, and medication use, were collected by structured questionnaires. To identify diabetes status, participants were asked, “Other than during pregnancy, has a doctor ever told you that you …
Spontaneous regression of rectal polyps following abdominal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for familial adenomatous polyposis, without sulindac treatment: Report of four cases
Authors: G. Filippakis, G. Zografos, N. Pararas, S. Lanitis, D. Georgiadou, M. Filippakis
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

The only curative treatment for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is prophylactic surgery and the two most popular options are total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis and restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Today, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis has gained wider acceptance as a safer procedure, but ileorectal anastomosis still remains an option, especially for young patients with a moderate phenotype of the disease and limited polyps in the rectum. Partial or complete regression of rectal polyps after total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis and treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as sulindac is reported in up to 80 % of patients. However, in some cases such regression can be spontaneous and long-lasting following total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis, without further treatment with NSAIDs. We present the cases of four patients with FAP treated by colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis, who had immediate, complete spontaneous regression of multiple polyps in the rectal stump, with no further need for sulindac treatment.
Questions Raised Regarding Benefit of Albumin or PPF for Seriously Ill Patients
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Receptor tyrosine kinase expression, a central component of rat hepatic stellate cell activation - characterization by homology PCR
Authors: V ANKOMASEY
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

SLAP (Src like adaptor protein) contains adjacent Src homology 3 (SH3) and Src homology 2 (SH2) domains closely related in sequence to that of cytoplasmic Src family tyrosine kinases. Expressed most abundantly in the immune system, SLAP function has been predominantly studied in the context of lymphocyte signaling, where it functions in the Cbl dependent downregulation of antigen receptor signaling. However, accumulating evidence suggests that SLAP plays a role in the regulation of a broad range of membrane receptors including members of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. In this review we highlight the role of SLAP in the ubiquitin dependent regulation of type III RTKs PDGFR, CSF-1R, KIT and Flt3, as well as Eph family RTKs. SLAP appears to bind activated type III and Eph RTKs via a conserved autophosphorylated juxtamembrane tyrosine motif in an SH2-dependent manner, suggesting that SLAP is important in regulating RTK signaling.
Inadequate prediction of death by the framingham risk model for patients with existing, angiographically- defined coronary artery disease
Authors: Benjamin D. Home, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Chloe A.Allen Maycock, John F. Carlquist, Donald L. Lappe', Robert R. Pearson, Dale G. Renlund, Jeffrey L. Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Book Review Antimicrobial Resistance: Problem Pathogens and Clinical Countermeasures (Infectious Disease and Therapy. 48.) Edited by Robert C. Owens, Jr., and Ebbing Lautenbach. 492 pp., illustrated. New York, Informa Healthcare, 2008. $299.95. 978-0-8247-2941-7
Authors: Calvin M. Kunin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)
Shared pathways to infectious disease susceptibility?
Authors: Chiea C Khor, Martin L Hibberd
Journal: Genome Medicine (2010)

The recent advent of genomic approaches for association testing is starting to enable a more comprehensive understanding of the role of human immune response in determining infectious disease outcomes. Progressing from traditional linkage approaches using microsatellite markers to high-resolution genome-wide association scans, these new approaches are leading to the robust discovery of a large number of disease susceptibility genes and the beginnings of an appreciation of their connections. In this commentary, we discuss how this technology development has led to increasingly complex and common infectious diseases being unraveled, and how this is starting to dissect pathogen-specific human responses. Intriguingly, these still preliminary findings suggest that pathogen innate detection mechanisms may not be as shared among diseases as immune response mechanisms.
Sarcomas and Blood Clots
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Researchers at the National Cancer Institute and Johns Hopkins University, in Baltimore, have determined that children and young adults with sarcoma are at increased risk of having a venous thromboembolic event (TE) (Paz-Priel I et al. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1519-1524).
IMPACT OF MARKEDLY ELEVATED INITIAL HIGH-SENSITIVITY CARDIAC TROPONIN T ON PREDICTION OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN CHEST PAIN PATIENTS AND ADDITIONAL VALUE OF KINETIC CHANGES: RESULTS FROM THE TRAPID-AMI STUDY
Authors: Matthias Mueller, Christian Mueller, Evangelos Giannitsis, Moritz Biener, Mehrshad Vafaie, Hugo Katus, Peter Dilba, Richard Body, James McCord, Bertil Lindahl
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Overexpression in the Subfornical Organ Prevents the Angiotensin II–Mediated Pressor and Drinking Responses and Is Associated With Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Downregulation
Authors: Yumei Feng, Xinping Yue, Huijing Xia, Sharell M. Bindom, Peter J. Hickman, Catalin M. Filipeanu, Guangyu Wu, Eric Lazartigues
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

We recently reported the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 in brain regions controlling cardiovascular function; however, the role of ACE2 in blood pressure regulation remains unclear because of the lack of specific tools to investigate its function. We hypothesized that ACE2 could play a pivotal role in the central regulation of cardiovascular function by regulating other renin-angiotensin system components. To test this hypothesis, we generated an adenovirus expressing the human ACE2 cDNA upstream of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter gene (Ad-hACE2-eGFP). In vitro characterization shows that neuronal cells infected with Ad-hACE2-eGFP (10 to 100 multiplicities of infection), but not Ad-eGFP (100 multiplicities of infection), exhibit dose-dependent ACE2 expression and activity. In addition, an active secreted form was detected in the conditioned medium. In vivo, Ad-hACE2-eGFP infection (2x10(6) plaque-forming units intracerebroventricularly) produced time-dependent expression and activity (with a peak at 7 days) in the mouse subfornical organ. More importantly, 7 days after virus infection, the pressor response to angiotensin (Ang) II (200 pmol intracerebroventricularly) was significantly reduced in Ad-hACE2-eGFP-treated mice compared with controls. Furthermore, subfornical organ-targeted ACE2 overexpression dramatically reduced the Ang II-mediated drinking response. Interestingly, ACE2 overexpression was associated with downregulation of the Ang II type 1 receptor expression both in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that ACE2 overexpression in the subfornical organ impairs Ang II-mediated pressor and drinking responses at least by inhibiting the Ang II type 1 receptor expression. Taken together, our results show that ACE2 plays a pivotal role in the central regulation of blood pressure and volume homeostasis, offering a new target for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
Mechanical Abnormalities Detected With Conventional Echocardiography Are Associated With Response and Midterm Survival in CRT
Authors: Adelina Doltra, Bart Bijnens, José M Tolosana, Roger Borràs, Malek Khatib, Diego Penela, Teresa Maria De Caralt, María Ángeles Castel, Antonio Berruezo, Josep Brugada, Lluís Mont, Marta Sitges
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
NOTCH1, SF3B1, and TP53 mutations in fludarabine-refractory CLL patients treated with alemtuzumab: results from the CLL2H trial of the GCLLSG
Authors: Andrea Schnaiter, Peter Paschka, Marianna Rossi, Thorsten Zenz, Andreas Bühler, Dirk Winkler, Mario Cazzola, Konstanze Döhner, Jennifer Edelmann, Daniel Mertens, Sabrina Kless, Silja Mack, Raymonde Busch, Michael Hallek, Hartmut Döhner, Stephan Stilgenbauer
Journal: Blood (2013)
Observations on the Delayed First Heart Sound in Mitral Stenosis and Hypertension
Authors: ARNOLD M. WEISSLER, JAMES J. LEONARD, JAMES V. WARREN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The measurement of the time between the onset of ventricular depolarization and the first heart sound, the Q-1 interval, has been employed in the phonocardiographic evaluation of patients with rheumatic heart disease. Prolongation of this interval has been noted frequently in patients with mitral stenosis and may be used as evidence in weighing the advisability of operation. In the present study, delayed appearance of the first heart sound was often noted in patients with hypertensive vascular disease as well. The mechanism for these changes as well as their significance in the phonocardiographic evaluation of patients with combined valvular disease and hypertension is discussed.
Neural Tube Defects-Reply
Authors: Ronald J. Lemire
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I appreciate the comments by Dr Czeizel, who provides accurate prevalence data on NTD in Hungary as well as sib-occurrence figures. He also picked out the one instance of the use of the term<i>incidence</i>instead of<i>prevalence</i>(which had been used repeatedly in the article before that time). Unfortunately, the hypothesis of the possible link between folate metabolism and heredity was published after submission of the manuscript, accounting in part for its omission. The relationship of NTD with low levels of maternal serum folic acid was noted in the article. The contributions of Dr Czeizel to the study of NTD are well known and respected. In writing the article for the STATE OF THE ART/REVIEW, I attempted to direct it toward practitioners of medicine and not individuals working in the area scientifically. In doing so, general comments were included that might apply "worldwide" but not to individual
Tobacco Smoking and Hyponatremia in Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Jackson Joe Yium
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  In his article, Dr Blum 1 states that in his study of ten compulsive drinkers he found that episodes of hyponatremia developed only in heavy smokers. We have previously looked at this question of heavy smokers and hyponatremia and polydipsia. 2 In our study, we found that most of the patients who presented with hyponatremia and severe neurological dysfunction were heavy smokers. However, when compared with normonatremic schizophrenics, the rate of smoking was not different.  Many studies concerning hyponatremia and schizophrenia do show that these patients may have inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) associated with their polydipsia. Factors that cause this release of ADH remain uncertain. Studies with ADH levels and their relationship to smoking would be helpful to settle this matter.
PHOTOACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY DIFFERENTIATES EARLY VULNERABLE NEOANGIOGENESIS FROM MATURE VASCULATURE IN VIVO
Authors: Dipanjan Pan, Manojit Pramanik, Huiying Zhang, Angana Senpan, Ann Schmieder, Samuel Wickline, Lihong Wang, Gregory Lanza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Commentary on effects of anthropogenic and natural organic chemicals on development, swimming behavior, and reproduction of Daphnia, a key member of aquatic ecosystems.
Authors: S I Dodson, T Hanazato
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Because of their trophodynamic role, small invertebrates are often critical components of ecosystems. An especially important group of freshwater invertebrates is the water fleas of the genus Daphnia. These animals are often the dominant herbivores in lakes and ponds. They play a key role in determining water clarity (by grazing on algae) and they are an important part of the diet of fish. Natural chemical signals (kairomones) produced by predators affect the development, life history strategy, and behavior of zooplankton. Laboratory studies of anthropogenic chemicals that have biological activity (xenobiotics), such as the insecticide carbaryl, have demonstrated effects of concentrations in the 1 to 5 ppb range on Daphnia development, growth rate, and swimming behavior in our laboratory experiments. Low concentrations of carbaryl inhibit growth and reproduction and delay maturation, whereas survivorship was not effected. These sublethal exposures to carbaryl reduced Daphnia population growth rate (productivity) by about 15% (at 5 ppb), enough to have significant ecological effects on the rest of the lake community. The insecticide carbaryl showed synergistic interactions with natural chemicals associated with predators (kairomones) that modify Daphnia development and life history characteristic. In addition, there were complex synergisms between carbaryl, the predator odors, and oxygen concentration (low oxygen concentration can be either a natural environmental stress or an anthropogenic stress). Daphnia produce males facultatively, usually in late fall; at other times, reproduction is asexual.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Direct spinal anaesthesia for repair of myelomeningocele.
Authors: D. G. Calvert
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Prednisone-treated Children-Shetty et al. SummayIn 67 female children receiving therapeutic prednisone nuclear sex determinations were carried out before and during therapy.In all 67 patients a reduction of the sex-chromatin incidence was noted.In 12 patients who were studied after therapy was stopped the incidence of sex chromatin was found to return to the normal female range.In six patients in whom the smears were studied at intervals of four days for 32 days during therapy the sex-chromatin incidence showed a rapid initial fall noticed within the first four days, and then minor fluctuations without further fall during the continuation of therapy.
Low-Dose Hydrochlorothiazide and Preservation of Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults
Authors: Andrea Z. LaCroix, Susan M. Ott, Laura Ichikawa, Delia Scholes, William E. Barlow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Thiazide may have beneficial effects on bone mineral density and may reduce risk for hip fracture. However, the existence of a causal role remains uncertain because experimental evidence is limited. Objective: To determine the effect of hydrochlorothiazide on rates of bone loss in older adults. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 3-year follow-up. Setting: A large health maintenance organization in western Washington State. Participants: 320 healthy, normotensive adults (205 women, 115 men) 60 to 79 years of age. Intervention: Random assignment to one of three study groups: 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide per day, 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide per day, or placebo. Measurements: Bone mineral density using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the total hip, posterior–anterior spine, and total body; blood and urine markers of bone metabolism; incident falls, clinical fractures, and radiographic vertebral fractures. Results: 309 of 320 participants completed the 36-month visit (97%). Adherence to study medication throughout follow-up was high in all participants (81.6% to 89.7%) except men in the high-dose hydrochlorothiazide group (60.5%). According to intention-to-treat analysis, the 36-month differences in percentage change in total hip bone mineral density were 0.79 percentage point (95% CI, −0.12 to 1.71) for the 12.5-mg hydrochlorothiazide group and 0.92 percentage point (CI, −0.001 to 1.85) for the 25-mg group compared with placebo (P = 0.03). Percentage change at the posterior–anterior spine was significantly greater for the 25-mg hydrochlorothiazide group at 6 months (intergroup difference, 1.04 percentage points [CI, 0.22 to 1.86]) compared with placebo (P = 0.005); at 36 months, this difference was 0.82 percentage point (CI, −0.36 to 2.01; P = 0.12). No significant differences were seen in total-body bone mineral density between the treatment groups. Treatment effects were stronger in women than in men. Conclusions: In healthy older adults, low-dose hydrochlorothiazide preserves bone mineral density at the hip and spine. The modest effects observed over 3 years, if accumulated over 10 to 20 years, may explain the one-third reduction in risk for hip fracture associated with thiazide in many epidemiologic studies.
Association of a Common Polymorphism in the Human GH1 Gene with Colorectal Neoplasia
Authors: L. Le Marchand
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Background: Growth hormone (GH) may be associated with the development of colorectal tumors directly and/or indirectly via an increased plasma level of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), which has been associated with colorectal cancer risk. Because a T-to-A polymorphism in the human GH1 gene at position 1663 is putatively associated with lower levels of GH and IGF-I, we investigated the relationship of this polymorphism to the risk of colorectal neoplasia. Methods: We analyzed data from two case–control studies conducted in Hawaii: a population-based study of 535 case patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma and 650 control subjects and a sigmoidoscopy screening-based study with 139 case patients with adenoma and 202 control subjects. All subjects were tested for the GH1 polymorphism. Logistic regression was used to adjust for known risk factors. Plasma IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels were measured in a subset of 293 subjects in the adenoma study (135 case patients and 158 control subjects). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for colorectal cancer associated with T/T, T/A, and A/A genotypes were 1.00, 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58 to 0.99), and 0.62 (95% CI = 0.43 to 0.90), respectively (Ptrend = .006). Adjusted ORs for adenoma were 1.00, 0.76 (95% CI = 0.46 to 1.24), and 0.62 (95% CI = 0.31 to 1.22), respectively (Ptrend = .17). Data from both studies consistently showed that the A allele was associated with a lower risk of colorectal neoplasia than the T allele, although the association with adenoma was not statistically significant. These associations were consistently suggested in Caucasians and Native Hawaiians but not in Japanese. The ratio of plasma IGF-I/IGFBP-3 was lower in individuals with the A allele than in individuals with the T allele (P = .01). Conclusion: The human T1663A GH1 gene polymorphism, which may confer lower levels of GH and IGF-I, appears to be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer.
Studies in obstructive jaundice
Authors: W. B. Conolly, F. O. Belzer, J. E. Dunphy
Journal: Gut (1969)

Acute obstruction of the extrahepatic ducts causes gross proximal duct dilatation, and elevated levels of ornithine carbamyl transferase, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase.Slow progressive obstruction causes variable proximal duct dilatation and in these cases bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase return to normal, despite the presence of severe though incomplete obstruction of the common duct and microscopic findings of biliary cirrhosis.In the early phases, ornithine carbamyl transferase is a slightly more sensitive indicator of biliary obstruction than alkaline phosphatase or bilirubin, but the values still return to normal in the face of a persistent stricture.If a patient who has previously had common duct surgery develops recurrent episodes of fever which suggest cholangitis, it should be assumed that he has a recurrent stricture, even though a cholangiogram and liver function may be normal or only slightly altered.A delay until the liver function studies show consistently raised levels may result in severe biliary cirrhosis and decreased hepatic reserve.
Family History in an Oncology Clinic
Authors: Henry T. Lynch
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Detailed family histories of cancer were solicited from 200 consecutively ascertained cancer patients undergoing treatment in an oncology clinic. Approximately 18% had two or more first-degree relatives with cancer of any anatomic site. In several cases, striking familial aggregations of cancer fulfilled more rigorous criteria for hereditary cancer syndromes, including early age at onset of generally late-occurring tumors, characteristic tumor patterns, vertical transmission, and collateral family lines similarly afflicted. Review of preexisting clinic charts demonstrated that, in most cases, the family history of cancer had been either omitted altogether, reported as negative despite substantial evidence to the contrary, or, if noted as positive, not pursued or acted on. Family history can be more successfully utilized in recognition of suggestive familial cancer aggregations, ultimate identification of hereditary cancer syndromes, and control of cancer in clinical practice.