tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selection bias explains seasonal vaccine's protection
Authors: N. Z Janjua, D. M Skowronski, T. S Hottes, G. De Serres, N. S Crowcroft, L. C Rosella
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Vaccine efficacy is estimated to be around 80% for trivalent inactivated flu vaccine during seasons when the components closely match circulating strains.1 The surface HA/NA proteins included in the 2008-9 vaccine are antigenically very distant from those of the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 (pH1N1) virus. Few adults given the 2008-9 vaccine developed neutralising antibody against pH1N1,2 but Garcia-Garcia and colleagues report 73% (95% confidence interval 34% to 89%) cross-protection against pH1N1 with it.3 This finding probably stems from a selection bias associated with their second paradoxical …
Small Interfering RNA–Mediated Polo-Like Kinase 1 Depletion Preferentially Reduces the Survival of p53-Defective, Oncogenic Transformed Cells and Inhibits Tumor Growth in Animals
Authors: Ran Guan, Paul Tapang, Joel D. Leverson, Daniel Albert, Vincent L. Giranda, Yan Luo
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is required for multiple stages of mitosis and is up-regulated in many human malignancies. We depleted Plk1 expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and showed defects in bipolar spindle formation and cytokinesis, growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction in human cancer cell lines. To our surprise, depletion of Plk1 in normal human cells did not result in obvious cell cycle defects, and did not induce significant inhibition of cell growth for at least two cell cycles. In addition, Plk1 siRNA inhibited colony formation in soft agar and tumorigenesis in a HT1080 xenograft model in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis with isogenic pairs of cell lines, differing in p53 status, revealed that Plk1 depletion preferentially induced mitotic arrest, aneuploidy, and reduced cell survival in the p53-defective cell lines. No obvious defects were observed in most p53 wild-type cells during the first few cell cycles. In addition, long-term survival studies revealed that p53 facilitates survival upon Plk1 depletion. Therefore, short-term inhibition of Plk1 can kill tumor cells while allowing normal cells to survive. These data validate the episodic inhibition of Plk1 as a very useful approach for cancer treatment.
Patterns of Creatine Kinase Release During Acute Myocardial Infarction After Nonsurgical Reperfusion: Comparison With Conventional Treatment and Correlation With Infarct Size
Authors: Heiner Blanke, Dorothea von Hardenberg, Marc Cohen, Helmut Kaiser, Karl R. Karsch, James Holt, Harry Smith, Peter Rentrop
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
Reliable typing of systemic amyloidoses through proteomic analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue
Authors: Francesca Brambilla, Francesca Lavatelli, Dario Di Silvestre, Veronica Valentini, Rossana Rossi, Giovanni Palladini, Laura Obici, Laura Verga, Pierluigi Mauri, Giampaolo Merlini
Journal: Blood (2011)
Achilles tendon disease in lung transplant recipients: association with ciprofloxacin
Authors: P.N. Chhajed, M.L. Plit, P.M. Hopkins, M.A. Malouf, A.R. Glanville
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Achilles tendonitis or rupture are uncommon complications following the use of fluoroquinolones, with a reported incidence in the general population of 0.4%. The aims of the current study were to determine the incidence of Achilles tendon disease (ATD) in lung transplant recipients (LTR) and to identify risk factors. Questionnaires were sent to 150 LTR of whom 101 responded (67%). Twenty-two LTR (21.8%) experienced ATD (tendonitis 16, rupture six). The mean age of LTR who developed ATD was 52.9±6.1 yrs (range: 19–63.5 yrs). Only the use of ciprofloxacin was significantly associated with ATD (p&lt;0.05). Age, sex, underlying disease necessitating transplantation, serum creatinine and cyclosporine levels were not associated with ATD. The association between ciprofloxacin and ATD was not dose related. Of the 72 LTR who had received ciprofloxacin, 20 (28%) developed ATD (tendonitis 15, rupture five). In patients receiving ciprofloxacin, there was no association between the mean cumulative dose of prednisolone and ATD. Tendon rupture occurred with a lower ciprofloxacin dosage than tendonitis and the mean recovery duration was significantly longer. To conclude, lung transplant recipients receiving ciprofloxacin are at significant risk of developing Achilles tendon disease. The association between ciprofloxacin and Achilles tendon disease appears to be idiosyncratic rather than dose-related.
Atrial fibrillation: from cells to computers
Authors: K Shivkumar
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

See article by Workman et al. [11] (pages 226–235) in this issue. 

Atrial fibrillation is one of the commonest arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice. The incidence of this arrhythmia increases with age and it is responsible for substantial morbidity, mortality [1]. Numerous studies have been performed to elucidate the cellular and molecular events associated with this rhythm. Our conceptual framework for understanding this rhythm disturbance is based on the pioneering work of Gordon Moe [2]. Atrial fibrillation is thought to be due to repetitive activation of the atria by multiple reentrant wavelets. Subsequent experimental work confirmed the key elements of the hypothesis of Moe [1]. The exact origin and the behavior of such wavelets is a source of intense ongoing investigation utilizing experimental and computational approaches.

The cellular ionic changes that allow repetitive activation of the atria at such high rates have been the focus of several studies. Several investigators have demonstrated that the ERP of the atrium shortens even after a brief duration of atrial fibrillation. The demonstration of the phenomenon of ‘electrical remodeling’ provided the impetus for some detailed studies of atrial electrophysiology [3]. Single cell recordings from human atrial myocytes (from explanted hearts during orthotopic cardiac transplantation and excised atrial appendages) have been studied in great detail to determine the ionic currents that regulate the atrial action potential. Electrical remodeling is a dynamic phenomenon and reflects rapid physiological changes in the electrical behavior of atrial cells [3,4]. Ionic currents that regulate the atrial action potential have been studied in this setting to determine the mechanisms that are responsible for the shortening of the atrial ERP. Changes in inward and outward membrane currents have been characterized in both human and animal studies of atrial fibrillation [4,5]. Findings from these studies include: (i) … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-319-384-6105; fax: +1-319-384-6247 kalyanam-shivkumar{at}uiowa.edu
Efficacy of parenteral S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) in a case of intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) induced by total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Authors: A.M.Caballero Plasencia, M.Montero Garcia, A.Ceballos Torres, P.Betes Ortiz, M. Bortolini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
1108-115 Right ventricular function recovery after acute myocardial infarction: The relation with left ventricular function and interventricular septum motion—The GISSI-3 echo substudy
Authors: Bogdan A Popescu, Francesco Antonini-Canterin, Pantaleo Giannuzzi, Pier L Temporelli, Enzo Bosimini, Francesco Gentile, Aldo P Maggioni, Luigi Tavazzi, Rita Piazza, Luigi Ascione, Ioana Stoian, Eugenio Cervesato, Andreea C Popescu, Gian L Nicolosi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Geographic Variation in Physician Visits for Uninsured Children
Authors: Stephen H. Long, M. Susan Marquis
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Context Although an extensive literature exists comparing national access to health care for uninsured vs insured children, few data exist regarding differences in access across states.Objective To examine variation in access to physician services for uninsured children in 10 states, the safety net's role in explaining this variation, and the potential effects of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) on insurance coverage and access. Design and SettingThe population-based Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Family Health Insurance Survey, conducted between summer 1993 and spring 1994 in 10 states (Colorado, Florida, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington), with a response rate of families by state ranging from 61% to 83%.Participants A total of 8565 children who were uninsured (1586), covered by Medicaid (2723), or covered by employer-sponsored private insurance (4256) for 1 full year prior to the survey. Main Outcome MeasuresPercentage of low-income children who are uninsured and predicted annual physician visits by state if insurance was provided to uninsured children in families with incomes of less than 200% of poverty level. ResultsIn the 10 study states, low-income children ranged from 61% to 86% of all uninsured children and the uninsured rate for low-income children varied from 9% to 31%.On average, providing public coverage would increase annual physician visits from 2.3 to 4.6 (a 105% increase), but the increase would range from 41% to 189% across states.The annual physician visit rate in the 3 states with the highest access for the uninsured was 160% of that in the 3 lowest-access states.Safety net capacity in the high-access states ranged from 120% to 220% of that in the low-access states. ConclusionsOur data suggest that the potential effects of CHIP vary substantially across states.Notably, improvements in access to health care by uninsured lowincome children should be greater in states with the fewest safety net resources.
Tetracycline toxicity in a nonpregnancy woman
Authors: I. Damjanov
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Fatal complications of tetracycline intravenously administered have been reported several times in pregnant women,<sup>1-3</sup>but it is less generally appreciated that the same effects may be induced in the absence of pregnancy. Peters et al<sup>4</sup>have recently presented six well-documented cases in nonpregnant women who had clinical and autopsy findings entirely comparable to those previously described in pregnant patients. It is probable that considerably more cases are unrecognized. The present communication deals with a young woman in whom the fatal postoperative course was attributed to tetracycline toxicity. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 20-year-old nulligravida white female was admitted with pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, nausea, and vomiting of three months' duration. Her health previously had been excellent. Two days prior to admission she had become slightly jaundiced. A clinical diagnosis of cholecystitis was made, and four days after admission, cholesystectomy and
Isotype-specific immunoregulation. Evidence for a distinct subset of T contrasuppressor cells for IgA responses in murine Peyer's patches.
Authors: I Suzuki, K Kitamura, H Kiyono, T Kurita, D R Green, J R McGhee
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

The ability of murine Peyer's patch (PP) T contrasuppressor cells (Tcs) to reverse oral tolerance to the T cell-dependent (TD) antigen SRBC was studied both in vivo and in vitro. C3H/HeJ mice given SRBC orally for 4 wk are not rendered tolerant to this antigen and were used as a source of PP Tcs cells for adoptive transfer to identically treated, orally tolerized C3H/HeN mice. Transfer of 10(4) or 5 X 10(4) V. villosa-adherent PP T cells resulted in splenic IgM, IgG, and mainly IgA responses in C3H/HeN mice challenged systemically with SRBC. The T cell responsible was Lyt-1+, 2-, L3T4-, I-JK+ and V. villosa lectin-adherent, all characteristics of mature effector Tcs cells. This C3H/HeJ PP Tcs cell subset was also effective when added to in vitro cultures of tolerized spleen cells derived from SRBC-fed, C3H/HeN mice. Interestingly, C3H/HeJ PP Tcs cells restored mainly IgA responses when transferred in vivo or when added to suppressed C3H/HeN splenic cultures. Comparison of the functional activity of Tcs cells derived from spleen or PP of orally immunized C3H/HeJ mice revealed that splenic Tcs cells supported responses of all 3 isotypes; however, PP Tcs cells yielded three-fourfold higher IgA responses, when compared with IgM or IgG anti-SRBC responses. Adherence of C3H/HeJ PP Tcs to an Fc alpha R+ T cell line derived from IgA-specific Th cells resulted in a nonadherent cell fraction that potentiated only IgM and IgG responses, while bound Tcs cells preferentially supported IgA responses. These results suggest that murine PP contain IgA-specific Tcs cells that allow IgA response induction in the presence of Ts cells that mediate oral tolerance.
The hepatitis B virus PreS2/St transactivator utilizes AP-1 and other transcription factors for transactivation
Authors: Ulrich Lauer, Ludwig Weiβ, Martin Lipp, Peter Hans Hofschneider, Alexander S. Kekulé
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Integrated hepatitis B virus DNA cloned from hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma frequently contains 3'-truncated middle surface genes (preS2/St), which were recently found to have a transcriptional transactivator function. Because preS2/St, among others, is able to transactivate the promoters of the cellular oncogenes c-myc and c-fos, it has been speculated that integrated preS2/St genes might contribute to hepatitis B virus-associated liver carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of target gene stimulation by preS2/St. It was found that deletion of a fragment containing the binding site for transcription factor AP-1 (Jun-Fos) substantially decreases inducibility of the human c-myc promoter by preS2/St. A subsequent investigation of AP-1 activation by preS2/St revealed the following: (a) insertion of multimeric AP-1 binding sites confers inducibility to an otherwise unstimulatable test promoter; (b) transactivation of AP-1 sites is dramatically increased when Jun and Fos are overexpressed by cotransfected expression plasmids; and (c) inhibitors of AP-1 activation also impair transactivation by preS2/St. Besides AP-1, preS2/St was also able to utilize the unrelated transcription factors NF-kappa B and AP-2 for transactivation, suggesting that the gene product of preS2/St acts indirectly through one or several general cellular pathways rather than as a bona fide transcription factor. Because AP-1 conveys induction of a large panel of tumor-relevant genes, its preS2/St-dependent activation implies a possible causative role in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
Expression of glutathione S-transferases in normal and malignant pancreas: an immunohistochemical study.
Authors: J D Collier, M K Bennett, A Hall, A R Cattan, R Lendrum, M F Bassendine
Journal: Gut (1994)

The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of detoxification and metabolising enzymes, which have been linked with the susceptibility of tissues to environmental carcinogens and resistance of tumours to chemotherapy. Environmental carcinogens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma, which is also a tumour characterised by marked chemotherapeutic drug resistance. In this study 26 pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 12 normal pancreatic samples were examined immunohistochemically for expression of pi (acidic), alpha (basic), and mu (neutral) GST. Fourteen (54%) of the tumours expressed pi GST alone, two (8%) expressed both pi and alpha GST, and two (8%) showed immunoreactivity with alpha GST alone. In the normal pancreas the intralobular ducts and centroacinar cells expressed pi GST alone whereas the large ducts expressed both pi and alpha GST. The acinar cells showed immunoreactivity only with anti-alpha GST. Mu GST was not expressed by normal or malignant pancreas. Expression of pi GST by pancreatic carcinoma may be a marker of the malignant phenotype and be induced during neoplastic transformation. Alternatively it could possibly reflect cell of origin, suggesting that the tumour arises from the centroacinar cells or intralobular ducts, or both rather than the large ducts.
Helicobacter Pylori Infection As A Triggering Factor Of Attacks In Patients With Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: B. Visy, G. Füst, A. Bygum, K. Bork, H.J. Longhurst, C. Bucher, L. Bouillet, M. Cicardi, H. Farkas
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Selected Papers of John Shaw Billings
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Billings' renown as bibliographer and librarian will be augmented by this book; most of the papers reprinted are devoted to these subjects. And those who unthinkingly accept the National Library of Medicine as the most complete medical library in the world are well reminded that in 1865, when Billings began his career there, the library boasted 1,800 volumes.  Nevertheless, of particular interest were two very brief communications, neither directly related to Billings' vocation, which seem to reveal little-known facets of the man. One paper, the pseudonymously published Microscopical Memoranda, is a pleasant little satire reporting the author's observation of a remarkable diatom, although ... no other lens can possibly show these lines, nor is it probable that this lens would with any other observer. The other passage, an excerpt from a communication on vital statistics, relates Billings' role in the development of Hollerith cards. In 1880 Billings suggested to Hollerith that
Trimalleolar Fracture Dislocation
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Dr. E. T. Wyman Jr.: A 63-year-old housewife fell in a store approximately 15 minutes before admission to the emergency ward of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Examination of the left ankle revealed an external rotation, abduction deformity, and moderate swelling. Pain was considerable and tenderness was generalized. The skin was in good condition. Circulation was good in the foot, and impairment of motor or sensory nerve function was not found. The patient's health was good except for moderate hypertension in the range of 190/110 mm. Hg, which had been treated for a year by hypotensive agents. She had no known cardiac complication. Thirteen years before admission she had had an episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosed as a peptic ulcer, which had responded well to medical therapy. X-ray films of the ankle revealed a trimalleolar fracture dislocation (Fig. 1). <h3>Discussion of Treatment</h3> Dr. O. E. Aufranc: This fracture dislocation of
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Pulmonary Medicine: Foundations of Respiratory Care
Authors: A. J. Layon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 November 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Pulmonary Medicine: Foundations of Respiratory CareA. J. Layon, MDA. J. Layon, MDUniversity of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0254.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00055 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Foundations of Respiratory CareDavid J. Pierson and Robert M. Kacmarek; eds. 1306 pages. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1992. $89.95.What is one to do with a 1306-page compendium of respiratory disease? In the case of this book, the answer is: Use it with ease and pleasure. Pierson and Kacmarek have ably pieced together a well-written, well-illustrated, and remarkably concise text. Whereas several other texts address the same issues, this is the best of the recent lot. Although 54 authors contributed to this text, 51 of the 105 chapters are either authored or coauthored by the editors. This results in a more ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0254. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 9Page: 961-962KeywordsBreathingDiagnostic techniquesImmunologyMouthPatientsPulmonary diseasesPulmonary medicineRespiratory physiologyRespiratory systemRespiratory system procedures ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Adenylate cyclase of human fat cells. Expression of epinephrrine-sensitive activation revealed by 5'guanylyl-imidodiphosphate.
Authors: B Cooper, J S Partilla, R I Gregerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Although catecholamines stimulate lipolysis in human fat cells, activation by epinephrine of adenylate cyclase in human fat cell membranes is not readily observed. The possible role of guanine nucleotides in this reaction has now been examined with human material. Fat cell ghosts were prepared from subcutaneous fat obtained from patients undergoing elective surgery. Adenylate cyclase was assayed with [alpha-32P]ATP as substrate. Fluoride ion stimulated the enzyme 8.3-fold relative to basal levels, but epinephrine activation of cyclase was not statistically significant. GTP did not allow expression of an epinephrine effect. However, the addition of the GTP analogue, 5'-guanylyl-imidodiphosphate [GMP-P(NH)P], along with epinephrine produced 5.7-fold activation of the enzyme (P less than 0.001). GMP-P(NH)P alone was without stimulatory effect. Comparable augmentation by GMP-P (NH) P of adenylate cyclase activity was seen with isoproterenol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Propranolol blocked catecholamine-GMP-P (NH) P stimulation of the enzyme, suggesting that the nucleotide-dependent activation of catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase is mediated by beta-receptors. GMP-P(NH)P may prove useful in allowing in vitro demonstration of additional hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase systems.
METABOLIC AND MECHANICAL RESPONSES TO 200–400 M RACES IN HIGH LEVEL SPRINTERS
Authors: P Jiménez-Reyes, M Molina-Reina, J González-Hernández, Juan González-Badillo
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

The 400 m run is one of the most demanding athletic events. In 400 m, muscle acidosis decreases force production. A large number of both biochemical and biophysical changes occur at the same time that fatigue is developing (Nummela et al . JSS 1992;10:217–228). The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between changes in CMJ height pre-post and blood lactate and ammonia concentrations observed during real competition. Sixteen high level sprinters (age 23±4 y, body mass 72.6±3.7 kg, height 181.2±5.3 cm; body fat 7.4±2.7%) performed six competitions (including National Track and Field Championships). Mechanical responses (i.e. height performance in CMJ and speed loss) and metabolic responses (i.e. blood lactate and ammonia concentrations) were measured before and at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 minutes after exercise. The main result of this study was a highly significant correlation between CMJ height loss pre-post competition and metabolic responses (r=0.86–0.94). The decrease in jump capacity pattern was mainly related to higher blood lactate and ammonia responses. These losses were about 17% for 200 m and 27% for 400 m. Fatigue, measured as CMJ height loss, increased with performance level of athletes, and, was strongly correlated to lactate (r=0.87) and ammonia (r=0.91). Gorostiaga et al . JSCR 2010;24:1138–1149) which examined CMJ height loss following typical sprint-training workouts in 400 m elite runners (60–300 m), although were not performed at maximal intensity or real competition. Metabolic stress developed during the effort in real competition can be estimated by measuring the CMJ because of the high correlation between CMJ and blood lactate and ammonia concentrations (Jiménez-Reyes et al . MSSE 2012;44(5):582), without the necessity of measuring blood metabolites.