tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Follow the Leader: Preference for Specific Amino Acids Directly Following the Initial Methionine in Proteins of Different Organisms
Authors: Ronen Shemesh, Amit Novik, Yossi Cohen
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2010)

It is well established that the vast majority of proteins of all taxonomical groups and species are initiated by an AUG codon, translated into the amino acid methionine (Met). Many attempts were made to evaluate the importance of the sequences surrounding the initiation codon, mostly focusing on the RNA sequence. However, the role and importance of the amino acids following the initiating Met residue were rarely investigated, mostly in bacteria and fungi. Herein, we computationally examined the protein sequences of all major taxonomical groups represented in the Swiss-Prot database, and evaluated the preference of each group to specific amino acids at the positions directly following the initial Met. The results indicate that there is a species-specific preference for the second amino acid of the majority of protein sequences. Interestingly, the preference for a certain amino acid at the second position changes throughout evolution from lysine in prokaryotes, through serine in lower eukaryotes, to alanine in higher plants and animals.
Active management of labour: current knowledge and research issues
Authors: J G Thornton, R J Lilford
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To review the evidence that the package of labour interventions collectively called "active management"--namely, strict diagnostic criteria for labour, early amniotomy, early use of oxytocin, and continuous professional support--reduce rates of caesarean sections and operative vaginal delivery in first labours.Review of observational data, supplemented by evidence from four separate overviews of relevant randomised trials previously published as part of the Cochrane Collaboration pregnancy and childbirth database.Observational data do not permit a clear conclusion. There have been no randomised trials of the total package of active management or of the use of strict diagnostic criteria alone, but trials of early amniotomy, early oxytocin, and these interventions combined do not suggest that these interventions are effective in reducing rates of caesarean sections or operative vaginal deliveries. In contrast, the provision of continuous professional support in labour seems to reduce both types of operative delivery, although the effect on caesarean sections is confined to those settings where non-professional companions are not normally present in labour.Delivery units should endeavour to provide continuous professional support in labour, but routine use of amniotomy and early oxytocin is not recommended.
Current Therapeutic Results in Schizophrenia
Authors: George E. Vaillant, Elvin V. Semrad, Jack R. Ewalt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

RECENTLY, several general hospitals have enlarged or opened, or are considering opening, psychiatric wards. An important objective has been to return responsibility for treatment of hospitalized mental patients to the home community. The advantages of treating such patients in general hospitals are many: the stigma of "a mental hospital" is avoided; the patient is hospitalized near his family; general hospitalization makes coverage by existing insurance plans more feasible; the problem of getting first-rate medical personnel to work in isolated, low-prestige hospital settings is avoided; both research facilities and routine medical care are more easily accessible; and the patient is placed . . .
362. Evaluation the Effects of MIP-1a on Ex Vivo Expansion of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells in Different Culture Media
Authors: Kamran Alimoghaddam, Mitra Khalili, Massoud Soleimani, Moezi Lili, Panthea Ghodsi, Alireza Arjmand, Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Introduction:The use of ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells has been suggested as a possible means to accelerate the speed of engraftment in cord blood (CB) transplantation. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1a) has been shown to have a role in the control of myeloid stem and progenitor cell proliferation. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MIP-1a on ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells in different culture media for the propose of cord blood transplantation or gene therapy.
Peptide Radioimmunoassays in Clinical Medicine
Authors: MICHAEL C. GEOKAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The radioimmunoassay technique, first developed for the determination of hormones, has been applied to many substances of biologic interest by clinical and research laboratories around the world. It has had an enormous effect in medicine and biology as a diagnostic tool, a guide to therapy, and a probe for the fine structure of biologic systems. For instance, the assays of insulin, gastrin, secretin, prolactin, and certain tissue-specific enzymes have been invaluable in patient care. Further refinements of current methods, as well as the emergence of new immunoassay techniques, are expected to enhance precision, specificity, reliability, and convenience of the radioimmunoassay in both clinical and research laboratories.
An Anomaly in the Position of the Gallbladder
Authors: John Burke
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ANOMALIES of position of the gallbladder are rare. If one excludes situs inversus and the intrahepatic gallbladder, there are very few reported anomalies. In the available American and European literature, I have been unable to find any reported cases since Gross's classic paper. 1 Gross cites 2 patients 2-3 in whom the gallbladder occupied a transverse position extending laterally along the lower portion of the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver. Because of the apparent rarity of this anomalous position, I feel it worthwhile to report a similar case.  Report of a Case  A 39-year-old man had suffered 3 or 4 attacks of generalized abdominal pain during the past year-and-a-half. These lasted for 3 to 4 days each, and were associated with nausea and emesis. The stools became pale. While in the hospital, this condition had regressed until the jaundice was barely evident. In the past, he
Use of plasma exchange in hereditary deficiency of factor V and factor VIII
Authors: A. Sabah Sallah, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Harold R. Roberts
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Combined hereditary deficiency of coagulation factors V and VIII is a very rare bleeding disorder. The severity of bleeding is determined by the level of these factors, although in general, this is less striking than the severe deficiency of either factor alone. We describe in this article a patient with this congenital defect, and the preoperative management for major surgery. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A genome-wide association study in Han Chinese identifies a susceptibility locus for primary Sjögren's syndrome at 7q11.23
Authors: Yongzhe Li, Kunlin Zhang, Hua Chen, Fei Sun, Juanjuan Xu, Ziyan Wu, Ping Li, Liuyan Zhang, Yang Du, Haixia Luan, Xi Li, Lijun Wu, Hongbin Li, Huaxiang Wu, Xiangpei Li, Xiaomei Li, Xiao Zhang, Lu Gong, Lie Dai, Lingyun Sun, Xiaoxia Zuo, Jianhua Xu, Huiping Gong, Zhijun Li, Shengquan Tong, Min Wu, Xiaofeng Li, Weiguo Xiao, Guochun Wang, Ping Zhu, Min Shen, Shengyun Liu, Dongbao Zhao, Wei Liu, Yi Wang, Cibo Huang, Quan Jiang, Guijian Liu, Bin Liu, Shaoxian Hu, Wen Zhang, Zhuoli Zhang, Xin You, Mengtao Li, Weixin Hao, Cheng Zhao, Xiaomei Leng, Liqi Bi, Yongfu Wang, Fengxiao Zhang, Qun Shi, Wencheng Qi, Xuewu Zhang, Yuan Jia, Jinmei Su, Qin Li, Yong Hou, Qingjun Wu, Dong Xu, Wenjie Zheng, Miaojia Zhang, Qian Wang, Yunyun Fei, Xuan Zhang, Jing Li, Ying Jiang, Xinping Tian, Lidan Zhao, Li Wang, Bin Zhou, Yang Li, Yan Zhao, Xiaofeng Zeng, Jurg Ott, Jing Wang, Fengchun Zhang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Serum house-dust-mite antibodies and reduced FEV1 in adults of a Norwegian community.
Authors: E Omenaas, P Bakke, G E Eide, S Elsayed, A Gulsvik
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

In this cross-sectional study we investigated whether the presence of specific serum IgE antibodies to house dust mite, timothy, birch, cat, and mold was associated with a reduced FEV1 in adults. We performed complete examinations on 82% of a stratified random sample of 18 to 73-yr-old adults (n = 1,239). Subjects with house-dust-mite antibodies had lower (p = 0.002) sex, age, and height standardized residuals of FEV1 (SFEV1) than those without any specific IgE antibody. This relationship did not differ significantly by sex, age, smoking habit, total serum IgE level, or season, and remained significant after excluding subjects with obstructive lung disease. For house-dust-mite antibodies we also observed a dose-response relationship between antibody levels and impaired lung function. In a final multiple linear regression analysis the presence of house-dust-mite antibodies was the only significant predictor (regression coefficient: -0.425; SE = 0.189; p = 0.02) of reduced SFEV1 after adjusting for smoking habit and lifetime tobacco consumption, season, total serum IgE level, and respiratory-symptom and disease status. Thus, house-dust-mite allergy is an independent predictor of reduced lung function in adults of a wide age range.
Disappearing teaspoons: French data indicate global phenomenon
Authors: Bertrand Herer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Good quality monitoring is crucial for informed choiceEditor-In accordance with the patient choice scheme, all 303 primary care trusts in England were obliged from January 2005 to offer patients a choice of at least two providers for cataract surgery. 1 The scheme allows patients to be involved in how, where, and when they are treated.Providers can be NHS trusts, diagnostic and treatment centres, or independent sector providers from the UK or overseas.By February 2005 13 000 extra operations had already been performed under the independent sector treatment programme. 2However, concern was raised about variations in clinical safety between different providers. 3 We sent a postal questionnaire to the leaders of patient choice for each of the primary care trusts in England asking how they monitor the quality of care from their providers.The table shows the replies from 125 trusts.The quality monitoring of providers by primary care trusts is poorly structured and variable.Who then should monitor standards and what variables should they use?Traditionally, NHS providers have used audit and clinical governance to measure their performance.Should it now be the role of the Strategic Health Authority, the provider, or the purchaser in the form of primary care trusts to monitor the product offered to the patient?Information technology exists to collect accurate data about adverse events in addition to visual acuity and refractive outcomes.The public expect that safe cataract care should be commissioned for them, 4 and robust methods of monitoring need to be agreed and implemented so that patients can make a truly informed choice.These decisions need to be made not only for cataract surgery but also for other elective procedures that will increasingly be made available to patients through the patient choice scheme.
The fate of preserved homograft pericardium and autogenous pericardium within the heart
Authors: C. P. Clarke, B. G. Barratt-Boyes, F. H. Sims
Journal: Thorax (1968)

Animal experiments were performed to assess the usefulness of preserved homograft pericardium for intracardiac surgery, with particular reference to the problem of homograft mitral valve papillary muscle fixation. The fate of fresh autogenous pericardium was also studied. Both homograft and autogenous pericardium were destroyed and replaced by fibrous tissue. This reaction was faster when the pericardium was in direct contact with the blood stream and slower when it was buried within the myocardium. As homograft pericardium provided a more intense fibrous reaction than autogenous pericardium, it was considered to be very suitable for papillary muscle fixation and less suitable for other intracardiac procedures. The technique used for attaching the papillary muscle of a homograft mitral valve is briefly described.
Epidemiology in Health Care Planning: A Guide to the Uses of a Scientific Method
Authors: Frederick J. Kviz
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This work, generated under the auspices of the International Epidemiological Association and the World Health Organization, is the product of a multidisciplinary group of 27 contributors from 15 countries. No doubt much to the credit of the editor, the book is surprisingly cohesive and reads very smoothly. It is not merely a publication of meeting proceedings or committee minutes. The stated purpose of the book is to discuss the present and particularly the potential application of epidemiologic principles and methods to the health care planning process. Although the authors distinguish between health planning in general and health care planning, on which their discussion is focused, it would not be unreasonable to extend their discussion to health planning in general. Indeed, the authors acknowledge that their distinction is arbitrary and debatable. The main reason for this focus is their view that the value of epidemiology has not been fully recognized in
GW25-e1060 A clinical study of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in patients with untreated prolactinomas
Authors: Li Cuiling, Jiang Xiaobing, Fan Rui, Liu Donghong, Yao Fengjuan, Liu Yanqiu, Lu Kun, Wang Haijun, Lin Hong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Delivery of BotoxR by iontophoresis
Authors: P. Solomon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Conflict of interest: None declared. Sir, I read with great interest the case report by Kavanagh and Shams,1 in which Botox was administered by iontophoresis to two patients. My practice is devoted solely to treating patients with hyperhidrosis with Botox, so I believe I have a good perspective to comment on this article. As someone who is a Board Certified Anaesthesiologist and who uses a Bier block for regional anaesthesia, an easily learned and safe technique, I must take issue with the repeated comments by Kavanagh et al. about ‘painful injections’ when giving Botox injections. With a tourniquet applied at the wrist and 12–15 mL of 0·5% xylocaine, a very safe amount, the 50 or so injections can be made virtually pain free. Also, with a properly administered ulnar, median and radial wrist block, adequate anaesthesia can be obtained as well. I think the common method of some practitioners of using ice to numb the hands is as barbaric as using no anaesthesia at all.
The yellow card: mark II.
Authors: J P Griffin
Journal: BMJ (1991)

the colour and a tell tale extension of pigment at one edge.As the checklist acknowledges, change in behaviour is the most important fact to emphasise in a public education campaign.But some patients are oblivious to change,' I and their melanoma is diagnosed incidentally by someone else.It is thus important that doctors, paramedics, and the public are exposed to as much visual material depicting melanomas as possible, either on television or in poster form.Those doctors who see patients with malignant melanoma should show the lesions to as many colleagues as possible.
Circumferential Balloon-based Radiofrequency Ablation of Barrett's Esophagus With Dysplasia Can Be Simplified, yet Efficacy Maintained, by Omitting the Cleaning Phase
Authors: Frederike G.I. van Vilsteren, K. Nadine Phoa, Lorenza Alvarez Herrero, Roos E. Pouw, Carine M.T. Sondermeijer, Ineke van Lijnschoten, Kees A. Seldenrijk, Mike Visser, Sybren L. Meijer, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Bas L.A.M. Weusten, Erik J. Schoon, Jacques J.G.H.M. Bergman
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER WITH INTERMITTENT LEAKAGE
Authors: HARRY A. SINGER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

It is universally believed that, following the initial violent pain, the clinical picture and course of a perforated peptic ulcer are relatively uniform. The current teaching with regard to the symptomatology of ruptured ulcer subsequent to perforation may be summarized as follows: In the average case the intense pain of onset continues unabated unless relieved by large doses of morphine or by surgical intervention. If operation is not performed, the clinical picture of a diffuse suppurative peritonitis supervenes, preceded at times by a temporary subsidence of pain, the so-called period of quiescence or repose. In all but a small proportion of cases, generally stated to be less than 5 per cent, the infection progresses rapidly and leads to death within a few days. The small group of patients who recover from the diffuse, purulent peritonitis pass through a stormy convalescence during which surgical drainage of one or more intra-abdominal abscesses
Daytime sleepiness and polysomnographic variables in sleep apnoea patients
Authors: O. Mediano, A. Barceló, M. de la Peña, D. Gozal, A. Agustí, F. Barbé
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is not invariably present in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The aim of the present study was to investigate polysomnographic determinants of EDS in patients with OSAS. EDS was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). Patients showed EDS whenever the ESS score was &gt;10 and the MSLT score &lt;5 min. Absence of EDS was defined as having an ESS score of &lt;10 and an MSLT score of &gt;10 min. In total, 23 male patients with EDS (mean± sd ESS and MSLT score 17±3 and 4±1 min, respectively) and 17 without EDS (ESS and MSLT score 5±2 and 16±3 min, respectively), were studied. Both groups exhibited a similar apnoea/hypopnoea index (62±18 versus 60±20 events·h −1 ). Patients with EDS exhibited shorter sleep latency (11±16 versus 18±18 min) and greater sleep efficiency (90±7 versus 82±13%) than those without EDS. Patients with EDS showed lower oxygenation (lowest arterial oxygen saturation 69±12 versus 79±8%; mean arterial oxygen saturation 87±6 versus 90±5%). Sleep stage distribution and arousal index did not differ between the groups. Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and excessive daytime sleepiness are characterised by shorter sleep latency, increased sleep efficiency and worse nocturnal oxygenation than those without excessive daytime sleepiness. Nocturnal hypoxaemia can be a major determinant of excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
We need behavioural ecology to explain the institutional authority of the gods
Authors: Chris Knight
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Atran &amp; Norenzayan (A&amp;N) rightly criticize cognitive theories for failure to explain sacrifice and commitment. But their attempt to reconcile cognitivism with commitment theory is unconvincing. Why should imaginary entities be effective in punishing moral defectors? Heavy costs are entailed in enforcing community-wide social contracts, and behavioural ecology is needed to explain how and why evolving humans could afford these costs.
Germline CYBB mutations that selectively affect macrophages in kindreds with X-linked predisposition to tuberculous mycobacterial disease
Authors: Jacinta Bustamante, Andres A. Arias, Guillaume Vogt, Capucine Picard, Lizbeth Blancas Galicia, Carolina Prando, Audrey V. Grant, Christophe C. Marchal, Marjorie Hubeau, Ariane Chapgier, Ludovic de Beaucoudrey, Anne Puel, Jacqueline Feinberg, Ethan Valinetz, Lucile Janniere, Celine Besse, Anne Boland, Jean-Marie Brisseau, Stephane Blanche, Olivier Lortholary, Claire Fieschi, Jean-Francois Emile, Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis, Saleh Al-Muhsen, Bruce A. Woda, Peter E. Newburger, Antonio Condino-Neto, Mary C. Dinauer, Laurent Abel, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
Acute Stroke — On the Threshold of a Therapy?
Authors: Gregory J. del Zoppo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Ischemic stroke may occur with sudden cruelty and, when not fatal, may deplete the resources of the patient, family, and community. The most effective treatments are directed at the underlying causes of the initial ischemic event, the prevention of recurrence, and the reduction of potential risk factors, but they do little for the stroke itself. The majority of ischemic strokes, roughly 80 percent, result from thromboembolic or atherothrombotic processes. This underscores the fact that stroke is a vascular disorder with neurologic consequences, and provides a basis for the use of antithrombotic agents as therapy. The idea of using plasminogen activators . . .
Hirudin Reduces Tissue Factor Expression and Attenuates Graft Arteriosclerosis in Rat Cardiac Allografts
Authors: Hans Hölschermann, Rainer M. Bohle, Heiko Schmidt, Hagen Zeller, Ludger Fink, Ulrich Stahl, Helmut Grimm, Harald Tillmanns, Werner Haberbosch
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Intravascular clotting has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). We previously identified the expression of tissue factor (TF), the primary cellular initiator of blood coagulation, within the coronary intima, which was associated with neointimal thickening. In the present study, the effect of recombinant hirudin on CAV was assessed in Lewis to Fisher rat heterotopic cardiac allografts. Methods and Results —Transplant recipients were randomized to a control group (n=10) and a hirudin-treated group (n=12; 2 mg · kg −1 · d −1 SC). Histological evaluations of rejection, CAV, and TF staining were performed 120 days after transplantation. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups with respect to the degree of rejection. Hirudin significantly ( P &lt;0.05) suppressed the development of CAV in the graft microvessels, but it was less effective in large coronary arteries. Graft intimal cells, isolated by laser-assisted cell picking, showed a marked upregulation of TF gene transcription, which was prevented by hirudin ( P &lt;0.01). As demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative analyses of TF mRNA levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction, hirudin treatment resulted in a significant reduction of TF protein and mRNA expression ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions —Treatment with hirudin in this rat cardiac transplant model inhibited TF expression and decreased neointimal hyperplasia. These results suggest that TF inhibition by hirudin, in addition to its direct effect on thrombin, may attenuate the hypercoagulable state and prevent the development of CAV at least in restricted sites of the graft coronary vasculature.
Psychological factors and ulcerative colitis
Authors: R. West
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BJDIfURNALtions revealed that he is an alkaptonuric with moderate diabetes mellitus.The presence in his urine of homogentisic acid is confirmed by extraction' and chromato- graphic identification,2 and of glucose by osazone and Selivanoff's tests.Curiously enough, Clinistix failed to detect glucose in this urine.Further investigation has brought to light that this failure of Clinistix was due to the inhibition of peroxidase reaction by homogentisic acid.3This case seems to be the second to be reported from India since that of Bose et al.4 where diabetes mellitus and alkaptonuria are coexistent.-Weare, etc., B.
Trends in induced abortion in England and Wales.
Authors: J R Ashton
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Analysis of routinely published abortion and fertility data for England and Wales between 1968 and 1980 shows that the age-specific abortion rates increased from 1968 until about 1973 when the rates peaked for all ages; rates then declined until 1977 but have subsequently returned to higher levels. Two factors are implicated: (1) the recent changes are related to parallel changes in the fertility rate; but (2) there is also a tendency for recent cohorts of women to resort to abortion more readily. These relationships are derived from analyses of fertility rates and abortion ratios, the proportion of conceptions that result in abortions. The results are discussed in terms of attitudes and practices related to birth control.