tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Functional Evaluation of the Rectal Ampulla with Ampullometrogram
Authors: Melvin P Bubrick, Ciril J Godec, Alexander S Cass
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1980)

An ampullometrogram (AMG) was done in 20 patients to evaluate the rectal ampulla as a functional unit. Results were compared to a cystometrogram (CMG). The AMG displayed a normal curve (capacity 230 to 330 ml; pressure 47 to 80 cmH 2 O) in 14 of 16 patients having a normal CMG. The AMG was hyporeflexic (variable capacity; no increase in pressure at capacity) in 3 of 5 patients having a hyporeflexic CMG and hyperreflexic (capacity less than 175 ml, pressure over 80 cmH 2 O) in one patient having a hyperreflexic CMG. This technique might represent a useful clinical adjunct in the evaluation of bladder dysfunction, the evaluation of neurogenic type bowel dysfunction, and in the possible use of functional electrical stimulation for treatment of faecal incontinence or constipation.
The biliary epithelium gives rise to liver progenitor cells
Authors: Daniel Rodrigo-Torres, Silvia Affò, Mar Coll, Oriol Morales-Ibanez, Cristina Millán, Delia Blaya, Anna Alvarez-Guaita, Carles Rentero, Juan José Lozano, Miguel Angel Maestro, Myriam Solar, Vicente Arroyo, Joan Caballería, Leo A. van Grunsven, Carlos Enrich, Pere Ginès, Ramon Bataller, Pau Sancho-Bru
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Severe liver diseases are characterized by expansion of liver progenitor cells (LPC), which correlates with disease severity. However, the origin and role of LPC in liver physiology and in hepatic injury remains a contentious topic. We found that ductular reaction cells in human cirrhotic livers express hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B (HNF1β). However, HNF1β expression was not present in newly generated epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive hepatocytes. In order to investigate the role of HNF1β-expressing cells we used a tamoxifen-inducible Hnf1βCreER/R26R Yfp/LacZ mouse to lineage-trace Hnf1β + biliary duct cells and to assess their contribution to LPC expansion and hepatocyte generation. Lineage tracing demonstrated no contribution of HNF1β + cells to hepatocytes during liver homeostasis in healthy mice or after loss of liver mass. After acute acetaminophen or carbon tetrachloride injury no contribution of HNF1β + cells to hepatocyte was detected. We next assessed the contribution of Hnf1β + -derived cells following two liver injury models with LPC expansion, a diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-collidin (DDC)-diet and a choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented (CDE)-diet. The contribution of Hnf1β + cells to liver regeneration was dependent on the liver injury model. While no contribution was observed after DDC-diet treatment, mice fed with a CDE-diet showed a small population of hepatocytes derived from Hnf1β + cells that were expanded to 1.86% of total hepatocytes after injury recovery. Genome-wide expression profile of Hnf1β + -derived cells from the DDC and CDE models indicated that no contribution of LPC to hepatocytes was associated with LPC expression of genes related to telomere maintenance, inflammation, and chemokine signaling pathways. Conclusion : HNF1β + biliary duct cells are the origin of LPC. HNF1β + cells do not contribute to hepatocyte turnover in the healthy liver, but after certain liver injury, they can differentiate to hepatocytes contributing to liver regeneration. (Hepatology 2014;60:1367–1377)
Action of Isologous Bone Marrow From Urethan-Treated C57BL/6 Mice on Radiation Leukemogenesis<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: I. Berenblum, Louisa Boiato, L. Fioredonati, N. Trainin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Bone-marrow cell suspensions from isologous mice pretreated with urethan were as effective in inhibiting radiation leukemogenesis in C57BL/6 mice as bone marrow from normal mice of the same strain. The results support earlier findings, by a different method of testing, from which it was concluded that the promoting effect of urethan in leukemogenesis did not depend on inactivation of the bone marrow. Females appeared to develop leukemia more readily than males in 2 groups of irradiated mice that were subsequently treated with bone marrow. The possible significance of this finding is discussed.
Medicare Chronic Care Management Payments and Financial Returns to Primary Care Practices
Authors: Sanjay Basu, Russell S. Phillips, Asaf Bitton, Zirui Song, Bruce E. Landon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Physicians have traditionally been reimbursed for face-to-face visits. A new non-visit-based payment for chronic care management (CCM) of Medicare patients took effect in January 2015.To estimate financial implications of CCM payment for primary care practices.Microsimulation model incorporating national data on primary care use, staffing, expenditures, and reimbursements.National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and other published sources.Medicare patients.10 years.Practice-level.Comparison of CCM delivery approaches by staff and physicians.Net revenue per full-time equivalent (FTE) physician; time spent delivering CCM services.If nonphysician staff were to deliver CCM services, net revenue to practices would increase despite opportunity and staffing costs. Practices could expect approximately $332 per enrolled patient per year (95% CI, $234 to $429) if CCM services were delivered by registered nurses (RNs), approximately $372 (CI, $276 to $468) if services were delivered by licensed practical nurses, and approximately $385 (CI, $286 to $485) if services were delivered by medical assistants. For a typical practice, this equates to more than $75 ,00 of net annual revenue per FTE physician and 12 hours of nursing service time per week if 50% of eligible patients enroll. At a minimum, 131 Medicare patients (CI, 115 to 140 patients) must enroll for practices to recoup the salary and overhead costs of hiring a full-time RN to provide CCM services.If physicians were to deliver all CCM services, approximately 25% of practices nationwide could expect net revenue losses due to opportunity costs of face-to-face visit time.The CCM program may alter long-term primary care use, which is difficult to predict.Practices that rely on nonphysician team members to deliver CCM services will probably experience substantial net revenue gains but must enroll a sufficient number of eligible patients to recoup costs.None.
Effect of Medroxyprogesterone and an Aorta-Derived Cell Growth Inhibitor on B16 Melanoma in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R Eisenstein, B Schumacher, K Hsiao, N Eisenstein, M Lemke, T Anderson, E Harper
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

An aorta-derived inhibitor of endothelial cell and tumor cell growth and medroxyprogesterone, which depresses collagenase expression in vivo, were tested alone and in combination against B16-F10 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice in such doses that either agent alone had little effect. Together, these agents retarded growth of subcutaneously transplanted tumor cells and reduced the number and size of pulmonary tumors after iv tumor cell injection. Of the treatments used, only the aortic factor administered alone prolonged life in mice with pulmonary tumors.
Locoregional Recurrence Patterns After Mastectomy and Doxorubicin-Based Chemotherapy: Implications for Postoperative Irradiation
Authors: Angela Katz, Eric A. Strom, Thomas A. Buchholz, Howard D. Thames, Cynthia D. Smith, Anuja Jhingran, Gabriel Hortobagyi, Aman U. Buzdar, Richard Theriault, S. Eva Singletary, Marsha D. McNeese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine locoregional recurrence (LRR) patterns after mastectomy and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy to define subgroups of patients who might benefit from adjuvant irradiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1,031 patients were treated with mastectomy and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy without irradiation on five prospective trials. Median follow-up time was 116 months. Rates of isolated and total LRR (± distant metastasis) were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: The 10-year actuarial rates of isolated LRR were 4%, 10%, 21%, and 22% for patients with zero, one to three, four to nine, or ≥ 10 involved nodes, respectively (P &lt; .0001). Chest wall (68%) and supraclavicular nodes (41%) were the most common sites of LRR. T stage (P &lt; .001), tumor size (P &lt; .001), and ≥ 2-mm extranodal extension (P &lt; .001) were also predictive of LRR. Separate analysis was performed for patients with T1 or T2 primary disease and one to three involved nodes (n = 404). Those with fewer than 10 nodes examined were at increased risk of LRR compared with those with ≥ 10 nodes examined (24% v 11%; P = .02). Patients with tumor size greater than 4.0 cm or extranodal extension ≥ 2 mm experienced rates of isolated LRR in excess of 20%. Each of these factors continued to significantly predict for LRR in multivariate analysis by Cox logistic regression. CONCLUSION: Patients with tumors ≥ 4 cm or at least four involved nodes experience LRR rates in excess of 20% and should be offered adjuvant irradiation. Additionally, patients with one to three involved nodes and large tumors, extranodal extension ≥ 2 mm, or inadequate axillary dissections experience high rates of LRR and may benefit from postmastectomy irradiation.
Characterization of patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa for collagen VII therapy
Authors: E.S. Gorell, N. Nguyen, Z. Siprashvili, M.P. Marinkovich, A.T. Lane
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Funding sources: National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (Grant # R01 AR055914), California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Grant # DR1‐01454), Office of Research and Development, Palo Alto VA Medical Center, Epidermolysis Bullosa Medical Research Foundation, National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources (Grant # UL1 RR025744). Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a blistering skin disease caused by mutations in the gene (COL7A1) encoding type VII collagen (C7). DEB can be inherited by either dominant (DDEB) or recessive (RDEB) mechanisms. RDEB results in severe wounds and scarring, and extracutaneous manifestations such as oesophageal strictures, chronic anaemia and pseudosyndactyly. DDEB is generally a milder form of the disease, with fewer and less severe blisters.1 COL7A1 contains 118 exons. The central Gly‐X‐Y region is flanked by two noncollagenous (NC) regions: the amino‐terminal NC1 domain (exons 1–28) and the carboxyl‐terminal NC2 domain (exons 112–118). Patients with RDEB may either express the NC1 amino‐terminal fragment of C7 (NC1+) or lack it (NC1−).2 The NC1 region has been reported to contain the major antigenic epitopes of C7, although immune responses to other C7 regions have been noted.3 In the autoimmune disease epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, IgG autoantibodies bind to various epitopes in C7, causing dermoepidermal separation and blistering.3
Individualized Stress Vulnerabilities in Manic Depressive Patients with Repeated Episodes
Authors: A Ambelas, M George
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

This paper reports on an observation made in the course of the authors’ investigations into the connection between life events and mania. Briefcase summaries are given where repeated relapses in the same patient appeared to focus around a theme or meaning which is specific for each patient, yet quite different across patients. The therapeutic implications of such individualized vulnerabilities are discussed.
Abstract 135: Reprogramming of Pig Cardiac Fibroblasts to Cardiomyocyte Fate: Implications for Gene Therapy to Treat Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Vivek P Singh, Megumi Mathison, Xueping Xu, Vivek K Patel, Narasimhaswamy S Belaguli, Brian W Gibson, Austin J Cooney, Todd K Rosengart
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

There is an urgent clinical need to develop new therapeutic approaches to treat heart failure, but the biology of cardiovascular regeneration is complex. A new generation of reprogramming technology involves trans-differentiating one adult somatic cell type directly into another. We reported previously that administration of gene transfer vectors encoding Gata4 (G), Mef 2c (M) and Tbx5 (T), reprograms rat cardiac fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) in vitro and improves cardiac function in myocardial infarction models. Previous cardiac reprogramming studies were restricted to rodent and human fibroblasts. However studies in large animal models relevant for pre-clinical studies is lacking. The Aim of the present study was to determine the optimal combination of factors necessary for direct reprogramming of porcine fibroblasts towards a cardiomyocyte lineage for the first time. Here we have used human lentiviral system to express various cardiomyocyte enriched transcriptional regulators such as GMT, Hand2, myocardin, and two microRNAs, miR-590 and mir-199, in porcine cardiac fibroblasts. Reprogramming of fibroblasts into iCMs was determined 4 weeks post-virus transduction by FACS analysis for the activation of endogenous cardiac troponin T (cTnT). GMT alone was not sufficient to reprogram porcine fibroblasts although this combination was shown previously to be sufficient to convert rodent fibroblasts into iCMs. Addition of mir-199 to GMT was also not sufficient to promote reprogramming. However, adding miR-590 or Hand2, and myocardin (HM) to GMT resulted in reprogramming, although the efficiency remained low. Together, our results show that combination of 5 distinct transcription regulators (GMTHM) or GMT plus mir-590 is necessary for reprogramming porcine fibroblast. These findings demonstrate that pig fibroblasts can be directly reprogrammed toward the cardiomyocyte lineage, and represent a step toward possible therapeutic application of this reprogramming approach in a pre-clinical setting.
Exhaled airway and alveolar nitric acid in extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Authors: Paul Blanc, John Balmes, Patty Quinlan, Irina Tolstykh, Carlos Iribarren, Anna-Carin Olin, Kjell Torén, Patricia Katz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background : In extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA), alveolar nitric oxide (Alvno) and the airway fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FEno) have not been well studied.   Methods : EAA cases were derived from a referral center and an integrated health care delivery organization (IHCDO); age- and gender-matched referents were recruited from the IHCDO. Subjects were invited to participate in home visits including spirometry (EasyOne; nnd Medical Technologies, Andover, MA, USA) and FEno electrochemical quantification (NO Vario; FILT, Berlin, Germany) at 3 flow rates (50, 100, and 300 mls/sec) yielding the measured airway FEno and the calculated Alvno. We tested differences by EAA status using the chi square, t-test, and (for FEno and Alvno) Wilcoxon rank sum.   Results : We completed home visits for 118 EAA cases and 106 referents; 91 in each group (77% and 86%, respectively), yielded interpretable FEno and Alvno results. There were no statistical differences by case vs. referent status for age (60±13 v. 60±11 years), female sex (56% vs. 63%), or height (167±9 vs. 167±9 cm). EAA cases compared to referents had lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (3.1±1.0 L vs. 3.5±1.0 L; p   Discussion : Both airway FEno and Alvno are increased in EAA, supporting exploration of their associations with disease activity and health status.   Clinical : Assessing airway FEno and Alvno in EAA may provide insights into exposure status and disease management.  Supported by NIH 1RC1ES018211.
Abstract 15783: Decrease in Mace Rates Associated With Drug Eluting Stent Use in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing PCI in Large Diameter Coronary Arteries (>3mm)
Authors: Satheesh Balakrishnan Nair, Anjali Dixit, Simon Millington, Bernard Clarke, Magdi El-Omar, Douglas Fraser, Rajdeep Khattar, Vaikom Mahadevan, Ludwig Neyses, Farzin Ordoubadi, Mamas Mamas
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Both large multi centre trials and registry studies have demonstrated that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug eluting stents (DES) is associated with reduced major adv...
Prediction of gemcitabine benefit after curative-intent resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma using HENT1 and dCK protein expression.
Authors: R. Maréchal, j. Bachet, J. R. Mackey, P. Demetter, K. Graham, A. Couvelard, M. Svrcek, A. Bardier, P. Hammel, A. Sauvanet, C. Louvet, F. Paye, P. Rougier, L. Hannoun, T. Andre, C. M. Dumontet, C. E. Cass, I. Salmon, J. Emile, J. Van Laethem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

4024 Background: In resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA), gemcitabine was shown to improve both DFS and OS, equally to 5FU. In vitro, gemcitabine efficacy is linked to expression of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1(hENT1), deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and ribonucleotide reductase subunit1 (RRM1) proteins. This study evaluated association of these three proteins with efficacy of gemcitabine in resected PA. Methods: Patients with resected PA and no prior neoadjuvant therapy were accrued in 5 university hospitals. hENT1, dCK and RRM1 protein expression were semi-quantitatively assessed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray analysis and applying scoring systems as previously reported. The primary clinical end-point was overall survival (OS). The association of clinico-pathological parameters and protein expression with OS was evaluated by log-rank testing and Cox proportional regression. For statistical analysis, biomarkers expression was dichotomized as followed: hENT1 high vslow, dCK high vs low, RRM1 positive vs negative. Results: 434 patients with resected PA were analysed with a median OS of 30.4 months (95% CI: 26.0-34.8); 142 patients (32.7%) did not receive any adjuvant treatment; 243 (56%) were treated with an adjuvant gemcitabine-based therapy (Gem), and 49 (11.3%) with an adjuvant non gemcitabine-based therapy. In patients who did not received Gem (n=191), hENT1, RRM1 and dCK expression were not associated with OS in univariate and multivariate analysis. There was a significant interaction for OS between Gem and hENT1 (p=0.001), and Gem and dCK (p=0.001). In multivariate models adjusted for center, tumor grade, maximum tumor size, lymph nodes, and resection margins, Gem was associated with better OS in hENT1 high (n=163; HR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.28-0.69, p<0.001) and in dCK high tumors (n=302; HR: 0.57, 95% CI:0.41-0.78, p=0.001). By contrast, in dCK low (n= 114, p=0.73) and in hENT1 low (n=249, p=0.66) tumors, patients derived no benefit from gemcitabine. Conclusions: In this multicenter study, hENT1 and dCK high expressions may predict benefit from gem-based chemotherapy after curative-intent surgery in PA.
Kinetics of Changes, In Thymus and Other Lymphopoietic Organs of Adult Mice, Induced by Single Doses of Urethan&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Luciano Fiore-Donati, Alvin M. Kaye
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

The effects of a single dose of urethan (1.25 mg/g body weight) on the weights and histology of lymphoid organs and on the peripheral leukocytes were studied in young adult C57BL/6J mice. At 24 hours after urethan injection, the thymus decreased 38 percent in weight and showed marked cortical involution. The maximum weight loss (50%) occurred at 3 to 4 days, at which time the cortex was almost devoid of mature lymphocytes and consisted almost entirely of immature (large, rounded) cells. At 7 days, regeneration was advanced and the histological appearance was normal. The thymus returned to normal weight at 14 days but showed an overshoot in weight at 21 days. The spleen had comparable though less pronounced weight changes and a similar but more rapid pattern of recovery, accompanied by only a moderate decrease in cellularity. In both the thymus and spleen, signs of cell destruction were observed in only a few mice. These results suggest cell elimination as the mechanism of weight loss and rule out destruction in the spleen as accounting for the rapid and considerable decrease in the circulating leukocytes observed. The liver showed a slight transient rise in weight, while the weight of the testis did not change. AKR/Cu, SWR/J, and C3H/J mice also revealed thymic and splenic involution after treatment with urethan. Younger SWR/J mice showed a greater degree of lymphoid involution than older ones. These results are compared with observations suggesting that all leukemogenic systems depend on the persistence of immature thymic lymphocytes.
A Prospective Cohort Study of Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref>
Authors: E J Trapido
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

In 1970 a questionnaire was sent to 97,300 married women aged 25-50 years residing in eastern Massachusetts information was requested on use of oral contraceptives (OC), education, and gynecologic and reproductive histories. Subsequent questionnaires were sent in 1973 and 1979 to a subset of the original cohort (37,000) to obtain recent information. Surveillance of 34 hospitals disclosed 622 cases of breast cancer among respondents diagnosed in a 6 1/2-year period. The rate ratio of breast cancer associated with any use of OC was 0.84 (95% confidence limits: 0.7, 1.1). Although certain subgroups users experienced significantly lower rates of hospitalization for breast cancer than did nonusers (including users aged 25-29, those for whom less than or equal to 5 yr had passed since first use, women with ages at birth of first child either before 25 or after 30, and women who first used OC after the birth of the first child), the risk of breast cancer OC after the birth of the first child), the risk of breast cancer was not consistently lower among users of OC. Among nulliparous women, the rate ratio associated with use of OC was 2.1 (0.9, 5.0).
Thoracoscopy: Outcomes in non-diagnostic procedures
Authors: Sizheng Zhao, Arun Lakhanpal, Apollo Kwok, Chris Warburton, Biswajit Chakrabarti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Medical thoracoscopy is a sensitive diagnostic and therapeutic tool for pleural disease. In some procedures pneumothorax cannot be induced or biopsies are equivocal despite clinical suspicion. This study looks at outcomes for such thoracoscopies between Dec9 2003-Jan9 2012 at Aintree Hospital, Liverpool.  Of 169 consecutive thoracosopies, 79 records were studied: 62/169 (37%) had non-malignant biopsies, 17/169 (10%) failed to be biopsied.  Of 79 patients, 20 (25%) died within 1 year (median 47days). At time of study (June 2013) median time to death (n=45) was 164 days (range 10-912days).  Although medical thoracoscopy is a relatively safe procedure, there is a false negative rate which clinicians should be mindful of. 1  As 11.2% of patients in our cohort with failed or non-malignant biopsies had a subsequent diagnosis of a respiratory malignancy on further biopsies or post-mortem, we suggest further investigations or continued follow up in those with high suspicion of malignancy.  1.Davies E. et al. Outcome of patients with nonspecific pleuritis/fibrosis on thoracoscopic pleural biopsies.