tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Buspirone Therapy for Type A Behavior, Hostility, and Perceived Stress in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Andrew B. Littman, Maurizio Fava, Kathleen McKool, Stefania Lamon-Fava, Elizabeth Pegg
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

Hostility is considered to be a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Despite the findings of reduced serotonergic function and effectiveness of treatment with serotonergic agents in similar symptom complexes, there have been no attempts at using serotonergic psychopharmacologic agents to treat this population. We conducted an 8-week open trial of 10 type A, irritable men with coronary artery disease and no diagnosable psychiatric (axis I) condition to examine the effects of buspirone on these subjects. Buspirone appears to significantly reduce type A behavior, hostility, anxiety, impatience, and perceived stress.
Chlorpromazine induced fluid retention masquerading as idiopathic oedema.
Authors: L Witz, M S Shapiro, L Shenkman
Journal: BMJ (1987)

PeakBaseline PeakEffect of giv'ing 200 Rtg thyrotrophin releasing hormone intravenously on blood pressure, heart rate, and rate-pressure product in 20 patients.Vertical lines indicate means (SD).*p<0.00l.concentrations are not found consistently,35 and increases in vascular resistance have been noted both before and after i blockade.3Nine of the patients were taking , blockers, but their responses were similar to those of the other patients.Our study did not address the mechanism ofthe response, which did not seem to be affected by the vasoactive drugs being taken.Although useful in animalsj' thyrotrophin releasing hormone has yet to be used therapeutically.Though the thyrotrophin releasing hormone did not cause adverse effects in this study, it should be used cautiously in patients with uncontrolled angina.or hypertension.The side effect of chest tightness reported previously4 may be due to myocardial ischaemia resulting from the rise in the rate-pressure product. 1
Hepatitis B Vaccine Responsiveness in Connecticut Public Safety Personnel
Authors: Aaron J. Roome
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To determine the level and determinants of vaccine response in recently inoculated public safety personnel.Prevalence survey.Public safety personnel who had completed vaccination 1 to 6 months prior to testing and had no serological evidence of previous exposure to hepatitis B virus.An inadequate level of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen was defined as less than 10 mlU/mL.All subjects in the study had been vaccinated using Recombivax HB, a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Of 528 individuals, 11.9% were found to have no or inadequate levels of antibody. The frequency of inadequate level of antibody increased significantly relative to age, from 2.8% among those younger than 30 years to 42.1% among those older than 60 years (P < .0001). Smoking (odds ratio [OR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 6.4), extreme obesity (OR, 13.3; 95% CI, 3.8 to 49.1), and increasing time interval since completing the vaccine series (P < .01) were also associated with inadequate levels of antibody. These findings were confirmed by multivariate analysis using logistic regression.Routine immunization of public safety personnel should include selective use of postvaccine testing. Postvaccination testing optimally should be performed in the 30- to 90-day interval after the last vaccine dose. New vaccination strategies are needed to improve response rates in persons with predictably poor response to hepatitis B vaccine.
767 C-SRC IS REQUIRED FOR VIRAL REPLICATION AS IT MEDIATES COMPLEX FORMATION BETWEEN THE HEPATITIS C VIRUS ENCODED PROTEINS NS5A AND NS5B
Authors: A. Pfannkuche, B. Katrin, J. Karthe, M. Poenisch, R. Bartenschlager, D. Willbold, D. Häussinger, J.G. Bode
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Counselling and consent in vasectomy
Authors: R. Holl-Allen
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

In the article by Mr Harris and Mr Holmes1 (October 2001 JRSM), I was particularly interested in the fairly rigid timing of post-vasectomy semen analyses. A valid point not mentioned by the authors nor by the subsequent correspondence is the fact that clearance of spermatozoa is not related to time following the vasectomy but rather the frequency of ejaculation—i.e. it is related to the frequency of intercourse. On numerous occasions in the vasectomy clinic where I work, patients with persistent spermatozoa very sheepishly admit to infrequent intercourse; the most recent case being three times per year.
Arrhythmia Burden in Adults With Surgically Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Paul Khairy, Jamil Aboulhosn, Michelle Z. Gurvitz, Alexander R. Opotowsky, François-Pierre Mongeon, Joseph Kay, Anne Marie Valente, Michael G. Earing, George Lui, Deborah R. Gersony, Stephen Cook, Jennifer Grando Ting, Michelle J. Nickolaus, Gary Webb, Michael J. Landzberg, Craig S. Broberg
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— The arrhythmia burden in tetralogy of Fallot, types of arrhythmias encountered, and risk profile may change as the population ages. Methods and Results— The Alliance for Adult Research in Congenital Cardiology (AARCC) conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study to quantify the arrhythmia burden in tetralogy of Fallot, to characterize age-related trends, and to identify associated factors. A total of 556 patients, 54.0% female, 36.8±12.0 years of age were recruited from 11 centers. Overall, 43.3% had a sustained arrhythmia or arrhythmia intervention. Prevalence of atrial tachyarrhythmias was 20.1%. Factors associated with intraatrial reentrant tachycardia in multivariable analyses were right atrial enlargement (odds ratio [OR], 6.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8 to 13.6), hypertension (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.6), and number of cardiac surgeries (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.6). Older age (OR, 1.09 per year; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.12), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR, 0.93 per unit; 95% CI, 0.89 to 0.96), left atrial dilation (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.5 to 6.8), and number of cardiac surgeries (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9) were jointly associated with atrial fibrillation. Ventricular arrhythmias were prevalent in 14.6% and jointly associated with number of cardiac surgeries (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.6), QRS duration (OR, 1.02 per 1 ms; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.03), and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.5 to 7.1). Prevalence of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias markedly increased after 45 years of age. Conclusions— The arrhythmia burden in adults with tetralogy of Fallot is considerable, with various subtypes characterized by different profiles. Atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias appear to be influenced more by left- than right-sided heart disease.
Human intestinal microbiota: Characterization of a simplified and stable gnotobiotic rat model
Authors: Natalie Becker, Julia Kunath, Gunnar Loh, Michael Blaut
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

The study of host microbe interactions is hampered by the complexity and inter-individual variability of the human gut microbiota. Therefore, a simplified human intestinal microbiota (SIHUMI) consisting of seven bacterial species was introduced into germfree rats. Species selection was based on numerical importance and fermentative abilities in the human gut. Association of the rats with the SIHUMI (Anaerostipes caccae, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bifidobacterium longum, Blautia producta, Clostridium ramosum, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus plantarum) resulted in increased faecal concentrations of short chain fatty acids compared to germfree animals. Since the faecal butyrate concentration was low (0.9 ± 0.5 µmol/g dry matter) the SIHUMI was complemented with Clostridium butyricum. This extended bacterial community (SIHUMIx) led to an increased faecal butyrate concentration of 1.5 ± 0.7 µmol/g dry matter. Besides forming SCFA, the SIHUMIx was capable of degrading mucins, β-aspartylglycine and bilirubin. These features are characteristic of conventional animals but not observed in germfree animals. Dietary interventions with modifications in fibre and fat content led to changes in the proportion of community members. The relative increase of one member of this community in response to a high-fat diet reflects the situation reported for obese mice and human subjects. The strength of the model communities is their remarkable stability over time and their easy transfer to the offspring.
Clinical evidence for the regression of liver fibrosis
Authors: Elizabeth L. Ellis, Derek A. Mann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Fibrosis is a common pathological process for the majority of liver diseases which in a significant minority of patients leads to end-stage cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Data emerging from small rodent models of chronic liver disease have demonstrated that fibrotic extracellular matrix can be remodelled and near-normal hepatic architecture regenerated upon cessation of injury. Moreover, regression of liver fibrosis in these model systems can be stimulated with drugs that target the activities of fibrogenic hepatic stellate cells. These findings are exciting as they suggest that established fibrosis is susceptible to regression and possibly even reversion. Alongside these experimental studies is a growing body of clinical data that suggest regression of fibrosis may also occur in liver disease patients for whom an effective treatment is available for their underlying liver injury. This paper provides an up-to-date review of the currently available clinical data and also considers technical caveats that highlight the need for caution in establishing a new dogma that human liver fibrosis is reversible.
Helicobacter pylori as a prognostic indicator after curative resection of gastric carcinoma: a prospective study
Authors: Georgios Meimarakis, Hauke Winter, Ilka Assmann, Reinhard Kopp, Norbert Lehn, Manfred Kist, Manfred Stolte, Kalter-Walter Jauch, Rudolf A Hatz
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2006)
Treatment for haemophilia by postcode
Authors: C. A Ludlam, C. R M Hay, G. Dolan
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Recently the United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Directors Organisation issued evidence based guidelines on therapeutic products for treating haemophilia. Before finalisation the draft guidelines were circulated to professional societies, royal colleges, and departments of health and modified accordingly. The final guidelines were unanimously approved at the organisation's annual geneal meeting and published.1

One recommendation was that the treatment of choice for haemophilia A was recombinant factor VIII concentrate (rFVIII). This is because plasma derived factor VIII concentrates (pdFVIII) still transmit viral infections—for example, those caused by non-lipid coated viruses such as hepatitis A and parvovirus—despite the incorporation of viral inactivation steps in the manufacturing process.2 3 At present the licenced rFVIIIs contain human …
ONE-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER TREATMENT OF CAROTID STENOSIS WITH CAROTID ARTERY STENTING AND CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY IN THE MEDICARE POPULATION
Authors: FenWei Wang, Michael Del Core, Aryan Mooss, Thomas Lanspa, Stephanie Maciejewski, Dennis Esterbrooks
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Reversible Hydronephrosis in the Neonate with Urinary Sepsis
Authors: Vernon M. Pais, Alan B. Retik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Hydroureteronephrosis without vesicoureteral reflux or lower-urinary-tract obstruction is uncommon in infants. There has been considerable interest in and controversy over the cause and management of this entity. We have cared for three neonates with severe hydroureteronephrosis after acute urinary tract infections, who were treated without operation.
Correlation between manifestations of digoxin toxicity and serum digoxin, calcium, potassium, and magnesium concentrations and arterial pH.
Authors: M Sonnenblick, A S Abraham, Z Meshulam, U Eylath
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In 18 patients with gastrointestinal manifestations of digoxin toxicity the mean serum digoxin concentration (+ SEM) was 3 16 ,tg/l (± 0-25), the calcium to potassium ratio 0 31 (±0 01), and the mean arterial pH 7 406 (4-0017).In contrast 19 patients with digoxin induced automaticity had a mean serum digoxin concentration of 124 [tg/l ( 0-15; p<0001), a calcium to potassium ratio of 038 (±001; p<001), and an arterial pH of 7498 (I 0008; p <0001).Eight out of 13 patients with digoxin induced cardiotoxicity had serum concentrations of the drug within the therapeutic range (0-8-2-0 tg/l).The calcium to potassium ratio, however, was lower than in the patients with automaticity (0 31±0 02; p<0 01) and the arterial pH was 7-370 (±0 033; p<0 05).Serum magnesium concentrations were similar in all groups.In this study patients with digoxin induced gastro- intestinal symptoms had high serum concentrations of the drug, whereas those with drug induced automaticity had therapeutic concentrations.This second group, however, was identified by their higher calcium to potassium ratios and higher pH values.
Barbiturate Poisoning
Authors: Frederick Lemere
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The purpose of this report is to describe the use of vanillic diethylamide (Emivan), a central nervous system stimulant, in the rapid restoration of spontaneous breathing in a patient with prolonged apnea due to barbiturate intoxication. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 35-year-old man was admitted to Jackson Memorial Hospital at 8:00 p.m. on Jan. 5, 1960, in a comatose state, approximately three hours after the ingestion of more than 35 1 1/2-grain (100-mg.) pentobarbital (Nembutal) capsules. In the emergency ward, the patient was comatose, cyanotic, and flaccid. The pulse rate was 80 per minute and respirations were described as slow. Blood pressure was 120/80 mm. Hg. Gastric lavage was carried out and 120 cc. of urine was obtained by catheterization. The patient's blood pressure fell to 80/40 mm. Hg, but returned to normal range after administration of 10 mg. of metaraminol bitartrate. An endotracheal tube was inserted and respirations were
Integrin upregulation on sputum neutrophils in smokers with chronic airway obstruction.
Authors: P Maestrelli, P G Calcagni, M Saetta, T Bertin, C E Mapp, A Sanna, C Veriter, L M Fabbri, D Stanescu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To determine the relationship between the expression of leukocyte-specific integrins in the airways and the airway obstruction in smokers, we analyzed hypertonic saline-induced sputum in 33 male subjects, age 64.7 +/- 0.5 yr (mean +/- SEM), with a smoking history of 12 to 94 pack-years, at the end of a 15-yr follow-up study. Average FEV1/VC ratio was 69 +/- 1% at the beginning of the study and 66 +/- 2% at the end of the follow-up period, and annual decline of FEV1 was 20 +/- 3 ml/yr. Fourteen individuals exhibited airway obstruction as assessed by a FEV1/VC ratio lower than 63.3%. Differential leukocyte count was performed on cytospin preparations and the expression of integrin alpha (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) and beta (CD18) chains was assessed on granulocytes and mononuclear cells by immunocytology. The numbers of neutrophils expressing CD11b and CD18, but not CD11c or CD11a, were increased in the subjects with airway obstruction compared with those without airway obstruction. CD11b- and CD18-positive neutrophils were negatively correlated with FEV1/VC ratio (p < 0.01). No significant correlations were found between CD11a-, CD11b-, CD11c-, CD18-positive mononuclear cells and lung function measurements. In conclusion, our results suggest that leukocyte-specific integrin CD11b/CD18 expressed on sputum polymorphonuclear leukocytes represents a marker for the smokers who develop chronic airway obstruction.
Manual and Color Atlas of the Ocular Fundus
Authors: David Shoch
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Ophthalmology is primarily a visual discipline. Occasionally one listens to the bruit of a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula or palpates the protruberant eye of a patient with Graves' disease but most often one simply looks. These days, when looking is often done through instruments that cost more than a mediumsized automobile, it is refreshing to recall that the first ophthalmoscope, described by Helmholtz in 1850, consisted of three glass plates and some cardboard. The first fundus atlas appeared a scant two years later, written by Van Trigt as a doctoral thesis. Since then, atlases of the ocular fundus have appeared at about yearly intervals. These were, up to about 1920, prints of meticulously hand-drawn observations. At this time retinal cameras were developed and in 1921 the first photographic atlas appeared. The quality of these atlases has improved as retinal cameras became more refined and this brings us to this most recent
Michigan Students Protest.
Authors: J. H. Carstens
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Detroit, March 24, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In an editorial entitled the "Michigan Students' Protest," you took a most commendable view, but were misinformed about the students protesting. The students of the Detroit College of Medicine are in favor of the bill, and I understand that the students of Michigan University at Ann Arbor are also. In fact, the students of reputable colleges have no fear of being able to pass, and are always in favor of a higher standard.
Transcatheter umbrella closure of congenital heart defects.
Authors: J E Lock, J T Cockerham, J F Keane, J P Finley, P E Wakely, K E Fellows
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Between October 1984 and September 1986, we attempted transcatheter umbrella closure, using the Rashkind PDA occluder, of 12 congenital or postoperative cardiovascular defects (other than patent ductus arteriosus [PDA]) in 11 patients. In each, we used the umbrella for closure because the defect was too short and/or too large to close with conventional transcatheter methods. The defects included three post-Glenn venous communications (superior vena cava-right atrium, n = 2; azygos vein to inferior vena cava), four congenital "interatrial defects" producing cyanosis ("coronary sinus" septal defect, left superior vena cava to left atrium, patent foramen ovale, left inferior vena cava to left atrium), and five non-PDA systemic-to-pulmonary arterial communications (two congenital and three postoperative). Ten of 12 defects were embolized successfully; nine had complete or subtotal closure, and one was partially closed. The first attempted closure resulted in embolization of a 12 mm device to a lower-lobe pulmonary artery, without clinical sequelae. No other complications occurred. Clinical improvement was most dramatic in those patients whose cyanosis was relieved and less obvious when pulmonary blood flow was reduced. The Rashkind umbrella device, originally designed for closure of PDA, considerably expands the list of congenital or operative defects that can be closed nonsurgically.
The Effects of Aspirin on Gastric Prostaglandins
Authors: Wayne B. Jonas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 July 1994The Effects of Aspirin on Gastric ProstaglandinsWayne B. Jonas, MDWayne B. Jonas, MDWalter Reed Army Institute of Research; Washington, DC 20307-5100Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-1-199407010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The multilevel actions of aspirin and its correspondingly diverse mechanisms never cease to amaze. The hierarchical effects of aspirin on serum thromboxane B2, gastric prostaglandin E2 output, and gastric mucosal injury reported by Lee and colleagues [1] when doses as low as 3 mg/d are tested are interesting but do not tell the complete story. Studies in humans given aspirin at ultra-low doses (0.01 mg/d) show a paradoxical decrease in template bleeding time that is transient but significant [2, 3]. This effect is not caused by increased platelet aggregation but is modulated by factors in the vascular ...References1. Lee M, Cryer B, Feldman M. Dose effects of aspirin on gastric prostaglandins and stomach mucosal injury. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:184-9. Google Scholar2. de Gaetano G, Cerletti C. Prolongation of bleeding time by aspirin: a dual mechanism? Thromb Res. 1988; 50:907-120. Google Scholar3. Doutremepuich C, de Seze O, Le Roy D, Lalanne MC, Anne MC. Aspirin at very ultra low dosage in healthy volunteers: effects on bleeding time, platelet aggregation and coagulation. Haemostasis. 1990; 20:99-105. Google Scholar4. Lalanne MC, Doutremepuich C, de Seze O, Belon P. What is the effect of acetysalicylic acid at ultra low dose on the interaction platelets/vessel wall? Thromb Res. 1990; 60:231-6. Google Scholar5. Buchanan MR, Rischke JA, Butt R, Turpie AG, Hirsh J, Rosenfeld J. The sex-related differences in aspirin pharmacokinetics in rabbits and man and its relationship to antiplatelet effects. Thromb Res. 1983; 29:125-39. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Wayne B. Jonas, MDAffiliations: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Washington, DC 20307-5100 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1994Volume 121, Issue 1Page: 72KeywordsAspirinClinical trialsEndotheliumHemorrhagePlatelet aggregationProstacyclinProstaglandinsThromboxane ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 July 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Coping in Medical School
Authors: Rebecca Wurtz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This fall, one of my classmates said in frustration, It doesn't matter  smart we are or  hard we study. To be a good doctor, you just have to be old! Medical school would frustrate anyone, but it is especially frustrating for the people it specially selects: bright, caring people. Dr Bernard Virshup has observed these frustrations and has counseled medical students on  to cope with the many challenges they face in learning to be good physicians. He has written this guide to help students understand their needs and deal with them.  Dr Virshup starts with the premise that the problem is not really in the selection of students; most students are emotionally stable and intellectually capable. Rather, the problem lies in a system that expects superhuman effort without providing for human needs and fears. The individual must cope on his own. Dr Virshup concludes that how well
Low levels of ill health among elderly non-consulters in general practice.
Authors: S Ebrahim, R Hedley, M Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The characteristics of random samples of elderly patients (over 65 years of age), designated as consulters (n = 200) and non-consulters (n = 196), in a group general practice were compared using a postal questionnaire that was validated by comparison with findings by general practitioners in a random sample of 58 responders. A response rate of 90% was obtained, and all non-responders were visited by their general practitioner. The questionnaire had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 82% when compared with general practitioner findings. The use of hospital and social services by non-consulters was low in this practice. Measures of disability and state of health showed that non-consulters were a fit group of the aged. Case finding for problems among elderly people should initially be confined to consulters, who have a high prevalence of problems. Non-consulters are a low risk group that can be assessed only with special effort and extra resources. Once an effective case finding system has been developed it might then be reasonable to consider ways of finding the few patients who have problems but do not consult their doctor.