tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Daniel E. Weiner, Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Competition and the Cost of Hospital Care-Reply
Authors: Harold S. Luft
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Airplanes without wings sometimes do fly—witness the helicopter. Unfortunately, Mr Weller's view of economics is as limited as his view of aircraft: if something does not fit the classic model it doesn't exist. It is certainly the case that price competition dominates nonprice competition in classic markets with identical goods made by many firms and purchased directly by many consumers. Furthermore, in such price-competitive industries, areas with more competitors tend to have lower costs than areas with local monopolies. However, it is our contention that, at least through 1982, price competition among hospitals was rare and nonprice competition was dominant. Therefore, our findings should not be as surprising nor seem as wrongheaded as Mr Weller argues. The introduction of new payment schemes such as Medicare's prospective payment system and the growth of health maintenance organizations, preferred provider organizations, and other agencies that may selectively contract with hospitals may
FDG Uptake in Metastatic Spreading Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: Michael Wissmeyer, Sabine Weidner, Beat Muggli, Rosemarie Weimann, Freimut D. Juengling, Thomas Krause
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Thyroid work-up including Tc-99m pertechnetate, Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy, and ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration of a 77-year-old man presenting with a rapidly growing swelling of the right neck strongly suggested lymphatic spreading anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Whole body staging with FDG PET-CT showed markedly increased uptake in the right thyroid lobe, in multiple right cervical lymph nodes, in the mediastinum, in both lungs and the skeleton. The final histology after total thyroidectomy and neck dissection revealed metastatic mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid. We conclude that FDG PET-CT provides useful information in whole body staging of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid.
Clinical Experiences with Guanethidine in Ambulatory Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Harrison Fertig, Lucian Fletcher, Natalio Schvartz, Seta Torosdag, Thomas B. Spencer, J. Marion Bryant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE reports of numerous investigators1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 have demonstrated guanethidine to be a potent hypotensive agent. The purpose of this paper is to describe its clinical effects in a group of 28 ambulatory hypertensive subjects. These patients also had independent trials with thiazide drugs to appraise the relative merits of the two types of compounds.PharmacologyGuanethidine is a synthetic compound (2-[octahydro-1-azocinyl]-ethylguanidine sulfate). Its hypotensive effect is initiated by inhibition of sympathetic activity without concomitant parasympathetic blockade. Its hypotensive action is thought to be located at the junction of the sympathetic nerve endings and the receptors in the arteriolar smooth muscle, where . . .
Will MOOCs transform medicine?
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have received a lot of attention in recent months. They are being variously credited with everything from improving social mobility to transforming the economics of education. As one essayist wrote in the New England Journal of Medicine last year, “In an era with a perfect video-delivery platform [online], why would anyone waste precious class time on a lecture?” (doi:10.1056/NEJMp1202451)

The premise of MOOCs is implicit in the name—online …
THE PRESSURE VACCINATION TECHNIC
Authors: STANLEY THOMAS
Journal: JAMA (1927)

As the result of a smallpox scare at Lehigh University in February, 1924, a rule was adopted requiring every student who matriculated at the university to be vaccinated by the Students' Health Service unless he had been successfully vaccinated within the past three years. The term "successful" has been interpreted in this rule as meaning a true vaccinia, and a certificate of vaccination is not accepted unless supported by a definite scar of an obviously recent vaccinia. It was foreseen that it would be necessary to vaccinate a very large number of students (the entire enrolment of 1,400) the first year the rule was in effect and practically the entire freshman class of about 600 each succeeding year. It was also foreseen that this work would have to be carefully planned in order to develop a method of vaccination that would not interfere too much with class hours and thus
Social and Economic Factors in Patients With Coronary Disease
Authors: Matthew Menken
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A recent Editorial<sup>1</sup>that provides explanations for psychosocial influences on coronary heart disease mortality is a case study in late 20th-century medical reasoning in the United States. In brief, the author is keen to discover biomedical explanations for such psychosocial phenomena. A variety of neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system influences are tendered as likely mechanisms. It is suggested that stressful life experiences might act on the heart to increase the risk of ventricular fibrillation (as if external agents of disease). If we are to communicate as effectively as possible with our patients, I suggest that we admit that just about anybody who has not graduated from a health-science institution would probably conclude that the association between psychosocial factors and heart disease is mediated by the mind. Sadly, many neurologists, psychiatrists, and other physicians want to repeal the concept of mind, perhaps as a reaction to the influence
Further Critical Studies in Neurology and Other Essays and Addresses
Authors: Don C. Higgins
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Sir Francis Walshe's latest volume comprises a group of his publications in neurology which have appeared recently in various journals. His approach is on both the philosophical and experimental plane. This viewpoint will particularly interest clinicians, since the author's arguments often derive from the personal conviction that clinical observation is, sui generis, a department of science. He holds firmly that clinical findings cannot be validated or invalidated through animal experimentation, although the latter may complement the former. This is particularly clear in his chapter regarding the sign of Babinski, a phenomenon sufficiently universal to interest all clinicians.  The chapter concerning the brainstem reticular function should hold particular interest for neurologists, psychologists, and those engaged in studies of cerebral function. The author rebuts the currently held view concerning the widespread effects of the reticular activating system upon cortical function. His reasoning, clear and cogent, should create some healthy doubts regarding the
Present and Future of Diagnostic Ultrasound
Authors: Ann Maravilla
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This book summarizes the proceedings of the Foundation for Research in Sexual Endocrinology and Study of Human Reproduction held in Brussels in May 1975. The main topic was diagnostic ultrasound, but all aspects, not just those related to the reproductive system, were covered. Leading European, Japanese, and American physicians participated. The latest advances in ultrasound in technical imaging, biological effects, obstetrics, gynecology, neurology, peripheral vascular disease, cardiology, gastroenterology, nephrology, urology, breast disease, and thyroid and salivary gland disease were covered. There are 16 individual presentations; overall they are well written, nicely illustrated, and well referenced and present good overviews of their specific areas. Obviously, many newer advances have been made in the rapidly progressing field of ultrasound since 1975, but the material presented is still accurate. The only minor fault was that the reproductions in a few of the articles were dark and small, making it difficult to see the
Preventable Acute Care Spending for Medicare Patients—Reply
Authors: Karen E. Joynt, Atul A. Gawande, Ashish K. Jha
Journal: JAMA (2013)

In Reply Dr Young points out that we did not examine end-of-life care and suggests that we may have underestimated preventable spending. We agree that high-quality hospice or palliative care may reduce admissions at the end of life, including for conditions that are considered nonpreventable.
The Effect of Prolonged Fasting and Total Parenteral Nutrition on Hepatobiliary Imaging with Technetium-99m DISIDA
Authors: WILLIAM C. SIPPO, ALBERT J. MORENO, SILVERIO CABELLON, GOTTLIEB L. TURNBULL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Prolonged fasting (NPO) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) have been reported to result in an unacceptable number of false-positive hepatobiliary scintigrams for acute cholecystitis. Based on these reports, the clinical usefulness of the hepatobiliary scan in diagnosing acute cholecystitis in the critically ill postoperative patient who has been NPO or on TPN has been questioned. Patients who were either on prolonged fasting or total parenteral nutrition and who had no history of hepatobiliary disease were prospectively studied to assess the value of the Tc-99m diisopropyl-iminodiacetic acid (DISIDA) scan without pretreatment with cholecystokinin (CCK) in such a setting. Of the 17 persons studied, nine had been on total parenteral nutrition for at least five days and eight had been fasting for at least five days prior to imaging. Seven of the nine individuals on TPN (78%) and six of the eight individuals who were NPO (75%) had normal hepatobiliary scintigraphy. The results suggest that hepatobiliary imaging with Tc-99m DISIDA has a lower false-positive rate in individuals on TPN or NPO than previously has been reported and that it has clinical efficacy in ruling out the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in these individuals.
The Complement System in Bullous Pemphigoid. I. COMPLEMENT AND COMPONENT LEVELS IN SERA AND BLISTER FLUIDS
Authors: R. E. Jordon, N. K. Day, W. M. Sams, R. A. Good
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Compared with other serum and blister fluid proteins, total hemolytic complement was reduced in the blister fluid of six serologically positive bullous pemphigold patients while four serologically negative cases had blister fluid complement levels closely approaching the serum levels. Except for pemphigus vulgaris blisters. blister fluids from most patients with other bullous diseases and experimentally induced blisters had blister fluid complement levels more closely approaching the serum levels. With the exception of the two terminal components. C8 and C9, individual components of the complement sequence were also reduced in the blister fluids of the six bullous pemphigold patients with circulating basement membrane zone antibodies. On the other hand, transferrin and IgG levels of these same six serologically positive blister fluids closely approached the corresponding serum levels. Conversion of C3 proactivator was also demonstrable in the serologically positive bullous pemphigoid blister fluids, but not in the corresponding sera. Our studies, therefore, are suggestive of local activation of the complement sequence, by both the classical and alternate pathways, in blisters of serologically positive bullous pemphigold patients.
Prisoner of war camps---memories of a remarkable evening
Authors: O L Wade
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This is an extract from a longer paper which was originally published in the British Medical Journal. Its appearance in the IJMDM arises from a conversation between Professor Wade and one of the editors, which turned on the remarkable influence of a courageous individual in the development of what might be called an ‘entrepreneurial’ initiative in an unusual (dreadful) environment. In focusing on the ‘business’ aspects of the story, the authors are well aware that these are subordinate to the human story: but there is an interplay between the human spirit and the manifestation of initiative.
HIV-1 induction of CD40 on endothelial cells promotes the outgrowth of AIDS-associated B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Ashlee V. Moses, Sally E. Williams, Joanne G. Strussenberg, Marika L. Heneveld, Rebecca A. Ruhl, Antony C. Bakke, Grover C. Bagby, Jay A. Nelson
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
Homoeopathy in malaria: head of infectious diseases replies
Authors: P. Dellamonica
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Routine audit is an ethical requirement of screeningEditor-Cervical screening saves about 1300 lives each year in England and Wales. 1 We regard audit as an essential part of the screening programme and urge health authorities to continue this activity despite recent concerns about using patient information without informed consent.Poor quality screening is ineffective and may do more harm than good.Women screened in the NHS can expect a high quality service in which smears are properly taken and read to a high standard and the results stored to ensure appropriate management.Audit is part of the quality assurance that is integral to the screening that each woman receives.
Bleeding Risks From Heparin Treatment
Authors: J. Worth Estes
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article "Complications of Intravenous Administration of Heparin in Elderly Women" (<b>213</b>:1303, 1970), Vieweg and his colleagues interpret their data to show that women over 50 years old run a higher risk of bleeding from heparin sodium than either men in the same age groups or younger men and women. However, in order to postulate that increased likelihood of bleeding is a pharmacologic toxic effect of heparin in certain patients, the incidence of toxicity can be assessed properly with nonparametric statistics only when the dose per unit of body weight is constant for all subjects. The authors have not indicated that body weight was taken into account in their calculations, although this factor has been shown to be of paramount importance in the administration of heparin,(<sup>1,2</sup>) just as it is for all drugs. Therefore, if the elderly women who experienced bleeding following heparin therapy
Carcinoma of the lung in Lancashire coal miners.
Authors: F Mooney
Journal: Thorax (1979)

Carcinoma of the lung in Lancashire coal miners Sir,-My friend Dr Rooke and his colleagues (April 1979, p 229) have been kind enough to refer to a short paper of mine (Mooney, 1975a) in which I drew attention to the value of microscopy in the diagnosis of simple pneumoconiosis.As my belief in the import- ance of this has increased further during the past four years, I would value the opportunity of saying a little more about it, and about one or two other points in their interesting and important paper.Recently, I completed a review of my findings on all necropsies of pneumoconiosis performed since 1957.These were all done on miners who, at the time of death, were either residing in, or within an approxi-
In vitro activation of woodchuck lymphocytes measured by radiopurine incorporation and interleukin-2 production: Implications for modeling immunity and therapy in hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Paul J. Cote, John L. Gerin
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Cellular immune responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) play an important role in the resolution of acute infection. They also influence the course of chronic infection and disease but are inadequate to completely clear the infection. Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection of the woodchuck can provide a model to study these processes. Lymphocyte responses of woodchucks were assessed by in vitro proliferation and/or interleukin (IL)-2 assays using mitogen (Concanavalin A [ConA]), cytokine (IL-2), superantigen (Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B [SEB]), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) allo-antigen (mixed lymphocyte reaction [MLR]), and viral antigens (woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen [WHcAg] and woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen [WHsAg]). ConA-stimulated woodchuck lymphocytes underwent cell division based on cell counting experiments and produced IL-2 as detected using an IL-2-dependent murine cell line but failed to incorporate sufficient tritiated thymidine; however, they did incorporate sufficient tritiated adenosine and deoxyadenosine to permit development of a meaningful proliferation assay. The IL-2 assay was sensitive and specific for detection of woodchuck IL-2 induced by mitogen, superantigen, and MLR, as shown by quantitative titration analysis and anti-body neutralization of ConA-supernatant activity. Cyclosporin A and FK506 specifically inhibited ConA- and SEB-induced IL-2 production by woodchuck lymphocytes. Positive two-way MLRs were detected by IL-2 production and proliferation assay between woodchucks from different geographic regions, thus indicating divergence among MHC molecules; however, occasional negative MLR reactions among indigenous pairs of woodchucks indicated that some woodchucks were mutually immunocompatible to some degree. The radioadenosine proliferation assay was sensitive for detecting peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to WHcAg and WHsAg in adult woodchucks with recently resolved acute infections. The above systems should facilitate the design of adoptive therapy and liver transplantation experiments in the woodchuck, and also enable modeling of immune responses that promote and maintain chronic hepadnavirus infection.
Molecular analysis of the role of the group A streptococcal cysteine protease, hyaluronic acid capsule, and M protein in a murine model of human invasive soft-tissue infection.
Authors: C D Ashbaugh, H B Warren, V J Carey, M R Wessels
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Human invasive soft-tissue infections caused by group A Streptococcus are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To investigate the pathogenesis of these serious infections, we characterized the host response to bacterial challenge with an M-type 3 isolate recovered from a patient with necrotizing fasciitis, or with isogenic gene replacement mutants deficient in cysteine protease, hyaluronic acid capsule, or M protein in a murine model of human invasive soft-tissue infection. Animals challenged with the wild-type or cysteine protease-deficient strain developed spreading tissue necrosis at the site of inoculation, became bacteremic, and subsequently died. Histopathologic examination of the necrotic lesion revealed bacteria throughout inflamed subcutaneous tissue. Arterioles and venules in the subcutaneous layer were thrombosed and the overlying tissue was infarcted. In contrast, animals challenged with either an acapsular or M protein-deficient mutant developed a focal area of tissue swelling at the site of inoculation without necrosis or subsequent systemic disease. Histopathologic examination of the soft-tissue lesion demonstrated bacteria confined within a well-formed subcutaneous abscess. We conclude that the group A streptococcal hyaluronic acid capsule and M protein, but not the cysteine protease, are critical for the development of tissue necrosis, secondary bacteremia, and lethal infection in a murine model of human necrotizing fasciitis.
Incomplete tubular duplication of the esophagus becoming symptomatic in adulthood
Authors: P. Lenz, J. Wessling, D. Foell, D. Bettenworth, T. Nowacki, H. Ullerich, W. Domschke, D. Domagk
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed in a 48-year-old Caucasian male suffering from progressive dysphagia for 2 years. A stenosis of unknown origin was found at 25 cm from the incisors, which could not be passed by a conventional endoscope (8.8 mm) ([Fig. 1]). The stenosis was characterized by two lumina separated by a bridge of intact mucosa. Computed tomography scans showed extensive thickening of the esophageal wall, probably due to scarring, with formation of a septum in the esophageal lumen ([Fig. 2]). Using a pediatric endoscope (5.9 mm) the proximal stenosis could be passed. At 38 cm, a septum of intact mucosa was found similar to that in the proximal esophagus. Again, two lumina could be observed; however, only the larger lumen could be intubated endoscopically ([Video 1]). A guide wire showed communication of the two esophageal ducts ([Fig. 3]). Miniprobe endosonography revealed normal muscular layers within the esophageal wall as well as within the septum ([Fig. 4]). Kinematography showed a long-segment stenosis of the upper esophagus and an additional filiform, blind-ending lumen ventral to the esophageal main lumen ([Video 2]). Incomplete tubular duplication of the esophagus was diagnosed.
1023 ACTIVATION OF THE AIM2 INFLAMMASOME IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF LIVER DISEASE AND THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH STERILE ASCITES
Authors: B. Lozano-Ruiz, I. García-Martínez, P. Zapater, I. Gómez-Hurtado, A. Moratalla, R. Francés, J. Such, J. González-Navajas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Can Colposcopy Replace Conization?
Authors: D. E. Townsend, R. M. Richart
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1982)

The reintroduction of colposcopy and the introduction of outpatient therapy have significantly altered the management of the woman with an abnormal Pap smear. Routine conization is no longer considered mandatory, particularly for the lower grades of CIN. We estimate that over 10,000 gynecologists in North America have received instruction in colposcopy. Virtually every teaching hospital and medical center has colposcopy available. It is a valuable evaluative tool, particularly with the increasing risk of CIN in young women and the fact that more women are delaying childbearing until the third and fourth decades of life. The technique does, however, require a rigorous period of training, significant experience, and strict adherence to an established evaluation protocol. In the hands of the neophyte, the consequences of in-appropriate evaluation of the woman with an abnormal Pap smear can be tragic.
Relationship Between Vascular Damage Degrees and Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction: Effect of Vardenafil Administration and PDE5 Expression in the Bone Marrow
Authors: Carlo Foresta, Nicola Caretta, Andrea Lana, Luca De Toni, Andrea Biagioli, Cinzia Vinanzi, Alberto Ferlin
Journal: European Urology (2006)