tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development of a medical center rape crisis intervention program
Authors: Sharon L. McCombie, Ellen Bassuk, Roberta Savitz, Susan Pell
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The Rape Crisis Intervention Program at Beth Israel Hospital utilizes volunteer multidisciplinary counseling teams drawn from psychiatry, social work, psychology, and nursing staffs. The premise of the program is that early crisis intervention can prevent later development of psychological disturbances in later development of psychological disturbances in victims. Counselors accompany victims throughout emergency room procedures: follow-up begins 48 hours after the initial contact and continues at regular intervals for at least a year. The authors discuss the problems of implementation, which include staff resistance, finding questions, and varying levels of counseling sophistication, and describe how these difficulties have been handled in their program. They note that this program is becoming a resource center for the community.
Dyspnoea, respiratory muscle strength and hyperventilation in end-stage liver disease
Authors: Georgios Kaltsakas, Efstathios Antoniou, Anastasios Palamidas, Panorea Paraskeva, Sofia-Antiopi Genimmata, Georgios Dionellis, Joseph Milic-Emili, Manos Alchanatis, Nikolaos G. Koulouris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

There are scarce reports on respiratory muscle strength in end-stage liver disease patients. On the other hand, decreased PaCO2 due to hyperventilation is well documented in patients with end-stage liver disease. Chronic dyspnoea is frequently reported by these patients, but it is not known if it is related to respiratory muscle strength and/or hyperventilation. We studied 48 consecutive, ambulatory, Caucasian patients (37 men) with end-stage liver disease, awaiting for liver transplantation. Chronic dyspnoea was rated according to the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) 6-point scale. Routine lung function tests, maximum static expiratory (Pemax) and inspiratory (Pimax) mouth pressures were measured. Pattern of breathing (VE: minute ventilation; VT: tidal volume; RR: respiratory rate; VT/TI: mean inspiratory flow; TI/TTOT: duty cycle; TI: duration of inspiration) was also measured. Forty-three patients reported some degree of dyspnoea (mean±SD). mMRC was 2±1.1, Pemax%pred was 106±33 and Pimax%pred was 91±28. These pressures were found below the normal limits in 13 and 16 patients, respectively. Furthermore, mMRC was significantly correlated with Pemax and Pimax (r=-0.49, p<0.001; r=-0.41, p<0.01, respectively). VE (11.5±3.4, l), VT (0.770±0.311, l), RR (16±4, bpm) and VT/TI (0.46±0.13, l sec-1) were increased and PaCO2 (33±4, mmHg) was decreased, indicating hyperventilation. In contrast TI/TTOT (0.42±0.05) was normal. Statistically significant correlations were found for mMRC with TI and RR (r=-0.32, p=0.03; r=0.32, p=0.03; respectively). We conclude that in end-stage liver disease, there is an interrelationship between chronic dyspnoea, respiratory muscle strength, and hyperventilation.
Gastroesophageal reflux and food allergy in infants with wheesing
Authors: Tsitsino Parulava, Maia Chkhaidze, Maia Kherkheulidze, Nana Kavlashvili
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction and background . Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) and food allergy (FA), especially cow milk allergy, are common in the first year of life. Both are usually presented by similar symptoms: vomiting, regurgitation, failure to thrive, anemia, infant colic. Sometimes chronic cough and persistent wheezing is only symptom of GER. FA has considered as possible cause of GER and associated respiratory symptoms. The relation between GER, FA and respiratory problems in infants is not well established.   Aim and objectives.  Dependence between GER and FA in infants with wheezing in the first 24 months of life.   Methods.  During 2006-2011 years we studied 128 children with chronic caugh and persistent wheezing. Median age was 8,5 months. Clinical history showed that 52 had concomitant symptoms of suspected FA: atopic dermatitis 31 (24,5%), diarrhea 8 (6,2%), rhinitis 6 (4,6%), urticaria 9 (7%), combination of two or more symptoms 15 (11,7%). 47 had concominant symptoms of suspected GER (persistent regurgitation and vomiting). 29 had only respiratory problems.   Results.  GER was found in 63,9% of patients. 26,5 % had at least one laboratory parameter outside laboratory limits: positive skin prick 31, eosiniphilia in nasal or sputum secrets 12, increased circulating EgE 16, specific EgE 10.   Conclusion.  Patients younger than 24 monthes with GER and respiratory symptoms should be evaluated for food allergy. There is connection between GER and FA (specially cow milk allergy). Atopy and positive tests can help to separate GER patients for need of elimionation diets.
Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons
Authors: J A Kelly, D A Murphy, G R Bahr, S C Kalichman, M G Morgan, L Y Stevenson, J J Koob, T L Brasfield, B M Bernstein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

Although many studies have documented patterns of emotional distress in persons with HIV disease, there have been few controlled evaluations of therapy outcomes with these individuals. This research evaluated the effects of brief cognitive-behavioral or social support group therapy with this population.Sixty-eight depressed men with HIV infection were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: eight-session cognitive-behavioral groups, eight-session social support groups, or a comparison condition. Before and after intervention and at 3-month follow-up, all participants were individually assessed by using measures of symptoms of distress as well as substance use and sexual practices.Relative to the comparison group, both the cognitive-behavioral and social support group therapies produced reductions in depression, hostility, and somatization. The social support intervention also produced reductions in overall psychiatric symptoms and tended to reduce maladaptive interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and frequency of unprotected receptive anal intercourse, while the cognitive-behavioral intervention resulted in less frequent illicit drug use during the follow-up period. Tests for clinical significance of change particularly underscored benefits of the social support group intervention both at postintervention and at long-term follow-up.Brief group therapy for depressed persons with HIV infection produced reductions in symptoms of distress. The two forms of therapy resulted in shared and unique improvements in functioning, although social support groups focused on emotional coping presented greater evidence of clinically significant change. As more persons contract HIV infection and live longer with HIV disease, further research is needed to evaluate outcomes of mental health services with these individuals.
What are the ‘ideal’ features of an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector in the treatment of anaphylaxis?
Authors: A. J. Frew
Journal: Allergy (2010)

Anaphylaxis is a systemic allergic reaction that often involves respiratory symptoms and cardiovascular collapse, which are potentially life-threatening if not treated promptly with intramuscular adrenaline. Owing to the unpredictable nature of anaphylaxis and accidental exposure to allergens (such as peanuts and shellfish), patients should be prescribed intramuscular adrenaline auto-injectors and carry these with them at all times. Patients also need to be able to use their auto-injectors correctly while under high stress, when an anaphylactic attack occurs. Despite this, an alarming number of patients fail to carry their auto-injectors and many patients, carers of children with known anaphylaxis and healthcare professionals do not know how to use the device correctly, despite having had training. Currently available auto-injector devices have various limitations that may impede their use in the management of anaphylaxis. There is also a lack of validated assessment criteria and regulatory requirements for new devices. This review describes the different delivery systems used in currently available auto-injectors and discusses the key barriers to the use of adrenaline auto-injectors, with the goal of identifying the 'ideal' features/characteristics of such devices in the emergency treatment of anaphylaxis that will ensure ease of use, portability and accurate delivery of a life-saving drug.
Effects of Allopurinol on Iron Metabolism in Man
Authors: B. T. Emmerson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1966)

We have treated only eight patients with allo- purinol, selected because their hyperuricaemia and gout were uncontrollable by standard measures, and because they were prepared for detailed and pro- longed study.In view of the theoretical possibility that inhibition of xanthine oxidase might also have an effect in iron metabolism (Green and Mazur, 1957; Mazur, Green, Saha, and Carleton, 1958; Mazur and Carleton, 1965) and the increase in the hepatic content of iron in rats given allopurinol (Powell and Emmerson, 1966), we were especially interested in any effects which allopurinol might have on iron metabolism or on haemopoiesis in these patients.The first aspect of interest concerns the reticulo- cyte counts (Fig. 1) which are expressed as a per- centage of the erythrocytes, the upper limit of normal being 2 per cent.The patient with the A LLOPURINOL 0-0 Ii Ii s ; !' ( CD (-3 LL'~~~~~~~~~H ~~~~C 1~~~4
The views and attitudes of patients, carers and healthcare professionals on nutrition in COPD
Authors: Moe Kyi, Sarah Forster, Angela Tod, Jo Cooke, Trevor Rogers, Stuart Parker
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Weight loss is a reversible prognostic factor in COPD but there is little evidence on effective community nutritional intervention for underweight COPD patients. This study is part of a feasibility study on designing and evaluating such nutritional intervention.   Aims:  To find out the views and attitudes of patients, carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) towards nutrition in COPD and to gain insight on:  1. Effect of weight loss  2. Factors influencing eating  3. Dietary counselling  4. Current COPD nutritional pathway   Methods:  Six underweight COPD patients, 6 carers and 8 HCPs were recruited by purposive sampling and formed 3 semi-structured focus groups. Discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim, sorted with NVivo software and analysed using framework qualitative analysis.   Results:  Weight loss was important not only for health but also for cosmetic, psychological and financial reasons.  Patients chose food according to taste, cost, consistency, chewability and availability. They tolerated only small portions but valued variety and ate more when in company. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) were disliked but some found it useful as energy source when ill.  Dietetic consultations were perceived as useful if individualised and regular.  Negative views on underweight in COPD led to delayed dietetic referrals. Screening and referrals were not yet fully developed and follow-ups could be improved.   Conclusions:  To increase adherence to the nutritional programme, varied high caloric food which are easily chewable, available and affordable should be considered.  The nutrition support intervention should involve food fortification, snack and/or ONS and incorporate individualised consultation.
Website of the week: Coping with cancer
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Petticrew and colleagues (p 1066) say that there is little evidence to show that mental attitude towards illness affects survival from or recurrence of cancer. It seems as though the fighting spirit doesn't increase your chances of survival, and a sense of hopelessness or denial doesn't worsen them.

The authors agree that their findings run counter to the popular belief that psychological coping styles are important. Search the web and it is clear that, …
The meaning of culturally sensitive research in mental health
Authors: L H Rogler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

To answer the question of what culturally sensitive mental health research is, the author focuses on the entire process of research. He argues that research is made culturally sensitive through a continuing, incessant, and open-ended series of substantive and methodological insertions and adaptations designed to mesh the process of inquiry with the cultural characteristics of the group being studied. Illustrations include pretesting and planning of research, collection of data and translation of instruments, instrumentation of measures, and analysis and interpretation of data. The insertions and adaptations ideally have a cumulative effect in rendering individual projects culturally sensitive and in building culturally informed research.
Abstract 10711: Dual Stem Cell Therapy After Myocardial Infarction Acts Specifically by the Cxcr4-sdf1 Axis
Authors: Hans Theiss, Marcus Vallaster, Christoph Rischpler, Stefan Brunner, Lisa Krieg, Josef Mueller-Hoecker, Marcus Hacker, Wolfgang M Franz
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Dual stem cell therapy comprising stabilization of cardiac SDF-1 by DPP-IV-inhibition and G-CSF based stem cell mobilization may improve therapy of myocardial infarction since it finall...
The micro-RNA hsa-miR-502-3p is down-regulated in the plasma of obstructive sleep apnea patients after 2 weeks of continuous positive airway pressure therapy withdrawal: Data from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thomas Rechsteiner, Esther Schwarz, Matthias Brock, Lars Huber, Malcolm Kohler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction   MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in the fine tuning of gene expression in cellular processes and can be quantified in plasma. miRs represent a distinct class of easily accessible biomarkers and may play a role in clarifying pathogenic pathways in diseases involving the vascular system, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).   Methods   miRs were isolated from stored plasma samples of OSA patients who participated in a randomized controlled trial defining the effects of a two-week continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy withdrawal. The plasma concentrations of 14 miRs selected in a pilot experiment, were measured by qPCR.   Results   The mean oxygen desaturation index (ODI) change from baseline was 43.0/h (SD 14.5, n=14) in the CPAP withdrawal group and 0.2/h (SD 1.8, n=14) in the CPAP group. Compared to continuing CPAP therapy CPAP withdrawal was associated with a down-regulated plasma concentration of hsa-miR-502-3p by a factor of 2.0 (n=14, p=0.045). In contrast, the plasma concentration of hsa-miR-210, a key regulator in the response to hypoxia, did not change (n=14, p=0.137).   Conclusion   Short-term CPAP therapy withdrawal in OSA patients resulted in a statistically significant change in the plasma concentration of hsa-miR-502-3p.  In vitro  studies are necessary to identify possible targets of hsa-miR-502-3p and to substantiate the relevance of our finding in OSA.
Risk Factors, Treatment, and Outcome of Central Nervous System Recurrence in Adults With Intermediate-Grade and Immunoblastic Lymphoma
Authors: Koen van Besien, Chul S. Ha, Sandy Murphy, Peter McLaughlin, Alma Rodriguez, Kamal Amin, Arthur Forman, Jorge Romaguera, Fredrick Hagemeister, Anas Younes, Carlos Bachier, Andreas Sarris, Kathleen S. Sobocinski, James D. Cox, Fernando Cabanillas
Journal: Blood (1998)
IgE levels in asthmatics and non-asthmatics are affected by different SNPs in FCER1A
Authors: Daniel P. Potaczek, Sven Michel, Vishwas Sharma, Michaela Kolletzki, Norman Klopp, Christian Vogelberg, Andrea von Berg, Albrecht Bufe, Andrea Heinzmann, Otto Laub, Ernst Rietschel, Burkhard Simma, Thomas Frischer, Jon Genuneit, Thomas Illig, Erika von Mutius, Michael Kabesch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  Recently, three genome wide association studies (GWAS) demonstrated  FCER1A , the gene encoding the α-subunit of the high-affinity IgE receptor, to be a major susceptibility locus for total serum IgE. The top association signal differed between the two studies from the general population and one study based on an asthma case-control design.   Objective:  To investigate if different  FCER1A  single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with total serum IgE in the general population and asthmatics.   Methods:  Nineteen SNPs were studied in  FCER1A  based on a detailed literature search and a tagging approach. SNPs were genotyped by the Illumina HumanHap300Chip (6) or MALDI-TOF-MS (13) in at least 1303 children (651 asthmatics) derived from the German ISAAC- and MAGIC studies.   Results:  Similarly to two population-based GWAS the peak association with total serum IgE was observed for SNPs rs2427837, rs2251746 and rs2511211 (mean  r 2   >0.8), with the lowest p-value of 4.37*10 -6 . The same 3 SNPs showed the strongest association in non-asthmatics (lowest p=0.0003). While these SNPs were also associated with total serum IgE in asthmatics (lowest p=0.003), additional SNPs (rs3845625, rs7522607 and rs2427829) demonstrated associations with total serum IgE in asthmatics only (lowest p=0.01). SNPs rs2427837, rs2511211, rs3845625 and rs2427829 were also associated with atopic asthma (lowest p=0.02).   Conclusions:  These data suggest that SNPs in  FCER1A  specifically influence IgE levels in asthmatics on top of genetic determinants of “basal” IgE levels also present in  FCER1A  as previously identified by GWAS. Thus,  FCER1A  variants and IgE-related mechanisms could be involved in specific asthma phenotypes.  These authors contributed equally.
Murine terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: cellular distribution and response to cortisone.
Authors: P C Kung, A E Siverstone, R P McCaffrey, D Baltimore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The mouse thymus contains two forms of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) which are distinguishable by the salt concentration necessary to elute them from a phosphocellulose column, by their distrubtion among the thymocyte subpopulations, and by their sensitivity to cortisone treatment. In the whole thymus the later eluting peak (peak II) is the predominant one with about 3-10% of the total activity appearing in peak I. Both peak I and peak II activities are most sensitively assayed by the polymerization of dGMP onto an oligo(dA) primer. The minor population of thymocytes which is less dense and cortisone-resistant contains a higher specific activity of peak I TdT. The majority of TdT activity is, however, found in the major population of thymocytes which occurs in the center region of a bovine serum albumin gradient and is cortisone-sensitive. A very low level of an activity indistinguishable from peak II TdT activity is also detected in the mouse bone marrow. Other tissues, such as spleen, liver, heart, and brain lack detectable amounts of TdT activity.
Screening: the inadequacy of population registers.
Authors: S Moore
Journal: BMJ (1989)

held as being a form of test; e.g.latex agglutination, dipstix, for one particular pathogen, performed at the patient's bed- side.3Here, Dr Sanders is commenting on the proximity of a conventional laboratory set-up near his consulting room.In summary, these patients are probably suffering from viral sore throats and, although group D streptococci have been isolated in 12% of these cases, we would not agree that this organism is responsible for infection here.In our opinion, there is therefore no reason to challenge current thinking on the pathogenicity of B- haemolytic streptococci.
Contact investigation of a case of human novel coronavirus infection treated in a German hospital, October-November 2012
Authors: U Buchholz, M A Müller, A Nitsche, A Sanewski, N Wevering, T Bauer-Balci, F Bonin, C Drosten, B Schweiger, T Wolff, D Muth, B Meyer, S Buda, G Krause, L Schaade, W Haas
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

On 24 October 2012, a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome of unknown origin and symptom onset on 5 October was transferred from Qatar to a specialist lung clinic in Germany. Late diagnosis on 20 November of an infection with the novel Coronavirus (NCoV) resulted in potential exposure of a considerable number of healthcare workers. Using a questionnaire we asked 123 identified contacts (120 hospital and three out-of-hospital contacts) about exposure to the patient. Eighty-five contacts provided blood for a serological test using a two-stage approach with an initial immunofluorescence assay as screening test, followed by recombinant immunofluorescence assays and a NCoV-specific serum neutralisation test. Of 123 identified contacts nine had performed aerosol-generating procedures within the third or fourth week of illness, using personal protective equipment rarely or never, and two of these developed acute respiratory illness. Serology was negative for all nine. Further 76 hospital contacts also tested negative, including two sera initially reactive in the screening test. The contact investigation ruled out transmission to contacts after illness day 20. Our two-stage approach for serological testing may be used as a template for similar situations.
Foreign Medical Graduates: A Symposium
Authors: MILTON H. MILLER, FIKRE WORKNEH, EUGENE B. BRODY, DAVID J. LEWIS, TSUNG-YI LIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

A session ofthe annual meeting ofthe American Psychiatric Association in Dallas, Tex., on May 2, 1972, was devoted to ‘ ‘Foreign Medical Graduates. ‘ ‘ Those presenting papers were members ofthe A PA Task Force on Foreign Medical Graduates. The participants were: Milton H. Miller, M. D. , Professor and Head, Department ofPsychiatrv, University ofBritish Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, speaking on behalfofhimselfas chairman ofthe taskforce and ofhis associate, Tsung-yi Lin, M. D. , Professor of Psychiatry and Professor of Mental Health, University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, consultant to the task force. Fikre Workneh, M. D. , former/v resident ‘in ps;chiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, now Assistant Professor ofPsychiatry, Haile Selassie University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, speaking on behalf of himself and his associates: Marjorie H. Klein, Ph. D. , Assistant Professor, Department ofPsychiatry and Psychiatric Institute, University of Wisconsin; Milton H. Miller, M.D.,’ Aris Alexander, Ph. D. , Associate Professor, Department ofPsychiatry, University of Wisconsin,’ and Kwo-hwa Tseng, M. D. , Child Psychiatrist, Winnebago State Hospital. Oshkosh, Wis. Eugene B. Brody, M. D. , Professor and Chairman, Department ofPsychiatry, and Director, Institute of Psychiatrv and Human Relations, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md. David J. Lewis, M.D., Professor, Division of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and Clinical Director, Department of Psychiatry, Foothills Hospital, Calgary. Tsung-yi Lin, M.D., speaking on behalf of himself and of his associate, Mei-chen L. Lin, A. CS. W., Social Work Supervisor, Children’s Psychiatric Hospital, University of Michigan Medical Center. Their papers are abstracted below.