tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 354: Nitrate Improves Postresuscitation Myocardial Dysfunction by Preserving Myocardial Nitric Oxide and Phospholamban Protein
Authors: Yu Huang, Qing He
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objectives: Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ handling proteins have been shown to play an important role in myocardial dysfunction after acute ischemic/reperfusion injury. We assessed the hypothesis that nitrite would improve postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction by increasing NO generation, and the mechanism is related to the modulation of SR Ca 2+ handling proteins. Methods: We performed a randomized prospective animal study using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cardiac arrest was induced by intravenous bolus of potassium chloride (40 μg/g). Nitrite (1.2nmol/g) or placebo was administered when chest compression was started. No cardiac arrest was induced in sham group. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored invasively for one hour after ROSC. Echocardiogram was performed to evaluate cardiac function. Myocardial sample was harvested 5 minutes and 1 hour after ROSC respectively. The expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA2a), phospholamban (PLB) and rynodine receptors (RyRs) were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Myocardial NO five minutes after ROSC were measured using Nitric Oxide Assay Kit. Results: Myocardial function measured as the maximal rate of LV pressure increase (dP/dtmax), the maximal rate of LV pressure decline (-dP/dtmax), ejection fraction, fractional shortening was significantly impaired in nitrite and placebo groups after resuscitation, and cardiac function in nitrite group was significantly greater than placebo group. Nitrite administration increased the level of nitric oxide in myocardium 5 min after resuscitation when compared to the other two groups. The levels of phosphorylated phospholamban were decreased after resuscitation, and nitrite preserved the phosphorylation of phospholamban in myocardium after resuscitation when compared to placebo group. No significant differences were found in the expressions of myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase and rynodine receptors after resuscitation. Conclusions: Nitrite administered during resuscitation improves postresusctation myocardial dysfunction as an exogenous donor of nitric oxide, and the modulation of phosphorylated phospholamban, an important SR Ca 2+ uptake protein, is involved in the mechanism.
Organic Dependence and Disease: Their Origin and Significance.
Authors: John Mason Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influenza A virus potentiates bacteria‐induced histamine release
Authors: P. Clementsen, M. Pedersen, H. Permin, F. Espersen, S. Norn
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Influenza A virus was found to enhance basophil histamine release induced by Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus sanguis, but did not per se release histamine. This potentiating effect of the virus was seen both when the bacteria-induced mediator release was IgE-dependent (i.e. patient allergic to bacterium) and when the bacterium caused histamine release by a non-immunological mechanism independent of IgE (putative sugar-lectin mediated). Also histamine release induced by other immunological and non-immunological stimuli, such as anti-IgE, calcium ionophore or agarose beads was enhanced in the presence of the virus. The potentiating effect of the virus on bacteria-induced mediator release might be of importance for the conversion from latent to manifest asthma in upper respiratory tract infections.
Abstract 5394: H11 Kinase/Hsp22, A Novel Mechanism in the Transition to Heart Failure
Authors: Hongyu Qiu, Chull Hong, Shumin Gao, Dorothy E Vatner, Stephen F Vatner, Christophe Depre
Journal: Circulation (2008)

H11 kinase/Hsp22 (H11K), a heat shock protein expressed mainly in the heart, is up-regulated upon pressure overload in animal models and in patients. Cardiac-specific over-expression of H11K in a transgenic model induces cardiac hypertrophy with normal function and cardioprotection against lethal ischemia. We tested the hypothesis that H11K deletion would accelerate the transition into heart failure (HF) following chronic pressure overload. An H11K knockout (KO) mouse was generated, which survives after birth with normal Mendelian distribution. In basal conditions (4/group), no differences were found between KO and wild type (WT) in terms of left ventricular (LV) mass (LV/tibial length: 4.6±0.3 vs 4.1±0.1, NS) or LV ejection fraction (69±3% vs 70±1%, NS). After two weeks aortic banding the KO mice, compared to WT, showed a slightly greater mass (LV/tibial length: 8.2±0.3 vs 7.0±0.4, P&lt;0.05), impaired LV function (LV ejection fraction: 45±3% vs 62±5%, P&lt;0.05), and signs of HF (lung weight/TL: 16.2±3 vs 7.7±0.4, P&lt;0.05; LV end-diastolic pressure: 22±4 mmHg vs 7±4 mmHg, P&lt;0.05). To test whether H11K participates in cardiac cell survival, both WT and KO mice were submitted to 30 min no-flow ischemia of the left anterior descending artery followed by 24 hours reperfusion and staining for the area-at-risk (AAR) and infarct size (IS). Whereas AAR was comparable between groups, the IS/AAR was more than doubled (P&lt;0.01, n=3/group) in KO (61±2.8%) compared to WT (26±2.8%). Therefore, H11K deletion does not affect basal cardiac function but it precipitates the transition into HF following pressure overload, potentially by loss of H11K cardioprotective action. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA National Center.
Thymosin β 4 sulfoxide is an anti-inflammatory agent generated by monocytes in the presence of glucocorticoids
Authors: J.D. Young, A.J. Lawrence, A.G. MacLean, B.P. Leung, I.B. McInnes, B. Canas, D.J.C. Pappin, R.D. Stevenson
Journal: Nature Medicine (1999)
394. Effective Focal, Homogeneous Gene Transfer after Coronary Infusion of Adenoviruses
Authors: Tetsuo Sasano, Kan Kikuchi, Amy McDonald, Kevin Mills, Leah Peller, Kevin Donahue
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Myocardial gene therapy has been inhibited by the lack of effective in vivo delivery. Previously published models utlize aortic occlusion and long delivery times at low body temperatures. These reqirements are not feasible for eventual human usage. We previously investigated several parameters relevant to gene transfer efficiency in ex vivo and in vitro models. Here we extend those findings to an in vivo model. In a porcine intracoronary infusion model, we investigated the folllowing parameters hypothesized to affected gene efficacy efficiency: (1) vascular permeability agents (2) virus contact time; (3) virus concentration; (4) vasodilatory agents (5) coronary flow rate; (6) participation of the coronary sinus (CS) in delivery. Methods: Domestic piglets (5–7kg) underwent coronary catheterization using conventional techniques. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was subselected for pretreatment and virus solutions infusion through a 2.7Fr balloon catheter. The level of infusion was consistently just distal to the second diagonal branch. For CS delivery, the CS was cannulated and the great cardiac vein was selected using a balloon catheter. Animals were sacrificed 3–6 days after the procedure, and hearts were stained with X-gal using conventional methods. The transgene efficacy was estimated by percentage of stained cells in the focal area. For all studies, we used Adbgal, a recombinant adenovirus encoding the E. coli b-galactosidase gene. Results: Baseline parameters included sildenafil 25mg PO, infusion Ca concentration 1mM, pretreatment over 3 minutes with 5μg/μl VEGF, 5mg/ml adenosine, 250mg/ml nitroglycerin, and 5 × 109 pfu/ml Adbgal infusion with the same concentration of adenosine and nitroglycerin at 6ml/min flow rate and 2 min contact time. The baseline gene transfer efficiency was 40% (Figure 1). Vascular permeability agents (adenosine, nitroglycerin, VEGF, 50 mM Ca2+, 8-Br-cGMP) increased transgene efficacy compared to the baseline regimen. Adenosine also appeared to compensate for lower flow rates. Increasing flow rate and contact time also improved gene transfer efficiency. Notably, simultaneous infusion through LAD and CS showed the highest transgene efficacy of 80% of myocytes in the target area. Conclusion: Adenovirus gene transfer efficiency can be improved by manipulation of vascular permeability agents, coronary flow characteristics, virus concentration and contact time.
Abstract 19009: Surgical Repair of the Descending and Thoracoabdominal Aorta in Patients With Connective Tissue Disorders
Authors: Mauro Iafrancesco, Aaron M Ranasinghe, Ian J McCafferty, Peter J Riley, Martin W Claridge, Donald J Adam, Jorge G Mascaro
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Patients with connective tissue disorders (CTD) are at increased risk of developing aneurysm or dissection of the descending and thoracoabdominal aorta (DTA/TAAA). Recently, endovascular repair (TEVAR) has been applied to these patients in order to reduce the operative risk   Hypothesis:  We aim to review our result of open surgical repair in this group of patients to establish if the operative risk is high enough to justify an endovascular approach   Methods:  We interrogated our prospectively maintained database (1998-2014) and identified 37 patients with CTD who underwent open DTA/TAAA repair.   Results:  Twenty-five patients underwent TAAA and 12 patients DTA surgery. Median age was 41 years (56.7% male). Diagnoses were Marfan (32; 86.5%), Loeys-Dietz (4; 10.8%) and familial TAAA (1; 2.7%). Indications for surgery were non-dissected aneurysm (5; 13.5%), primary chronic type B dissection (23; 62.2%) and residual dissection after type A dissection repair (9; 24.3%). Twenty-eight patients (75.7%) had undergone one or more prior cardiovascular operation via median sternotomy. Two patients (5.4%) had previous abdominal aortic surgery and five had (13.5%) previous proximal DTA replacement. One case was operated on with left heart bypass and all others with full cardiopulmonary bypass. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was utilised in 21 cases (56.8%). Fifteen patients (40.5%) were urgent/emergency cases. There were no in-hospital deaths and no cases of spinal cord injury. One patient suffered from a stroke and one patient required temporary dialysis with subsequent recovery of renal function.   Conclusions:  Patients with CTD usually present with residual dissection and open repair can be performed safely with low operative risk. TEVAR is an effective approach in more elderly patients with acquired aortic disease but may not be justified in younger patients with CTD in whom long-term results are unknown. Although less invasive, TEVAR should be carefully considered for patients with CTD and offered only when the risks of open repair are prohibitive.
Abstract 18607: Intra-ventricular Papillary Muscle Banding vs. Undersized Mitral Annuloplasty to Treat Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation in a Chronic Swine Model
Authors: Muralidhar Padala, Kanika Kalra, Weiwei Shi, Qian Wang, Robert A Guyton, Wei Sun, Vinod H Thourani, Eric L Sarin
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Intra-ventricular papillary muscle banding (PMB), is a new mitral repair technique for ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR), which reduces lateral distance between the two muscles to relieve leaflet tethering (Fig A). In this study, we compared the hemodynamic efficacy of PMB against undersized mitral annuloplasty (UMA) and the combination of PMB and UMA, in a chronic swine IMR model. Methods: Six swine were induced with chronic IMR via percutaneous infarction of the postero-lateral wall of the left ventricle(LV), and followed to 6 weeks to develop &gt;3+ IMR. At 6 weeks, via a left atriotomy an adjustable PMB externalized through the LV wall, and an adjustable UMA suture externalized through the anterior annulus were implanted (Fig B1,B2). The animals were weaned from bypass, and physiological swine hemodynamics of 90/65 mm Hg were achieved at 75 bpm. PMB was done such that 50% reduction in the lateral distance between the muscles was achieved, and UMA reduced septal-lateral annular dimension to 24mm. Epicardial echocardiography was performed to assess mitral valve function, with IMR severity and tenting area recorded. Computational valve modeling was performed to quantify leaflet stresses and chordal forces, to assess and compare repair durability. Results: Table 1 summarizes valve function after each repair, with PMB reducing MR grade from 3.67±0.52 to 0.33±0.52 (p&lt;0.05), which was significantly better than the persistent MR grade of 1.5±0.55 after UMA (p&lt;0.05). PMB+UMA achieved the best results overall. Similar trends in tenting area were seen, with PMB reducing the tenting area better than UMA, but the combination demonstrating the best results. Table 2 summarizes the valve and chordal stresses, with PMB alone or with UMA reducing the overall leaflet peak stress and chordal peak forces. Conclusions: PMB alone or concomitant with UMA is an effective technique to repair IMR in this model, with good hemodynamic efficacy and better mechanics compared to UMA.
Abstract #LB-265: Identification of prognostic markers by integrative gene expression analysis of an in vitro model of lung carcinogenesis and their validation in lung cancer tissue specimens
Authors: Humam Kadara, Ludovic Lacroix, Carmen Behrens, Luisa Solis, Xuemin Gu, J. Jack Lee, Eiji Tahara, Waun Hong, Ignacio Wistuba, Reuben Lotan
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

BACKGROUND: Improved early diagnosis and prognosis assessment could reduce lung cancer mortality. We hypothesized that genes differentially expressed among cells constituting an in vitro human lung carcinogenesis model are relevant to the clinical outcome of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Multi-dimensional scaling, microarray, and functional pathways analyses of the transcriptomes of the above cells were performed and combined with integrative genomics to incorporate the microarray data with published NSCLC datasets. mRNA levels were measured by quantitative PCR. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to assess protein levels in cell culture and tissue specimens, respectively. Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank statistics were used to assess survival differences between patient subgroups. RESULTS: Up-regulated (n=346) and down-regulated genes (n=466) were found to display expression level variation across the in vitro model with progressive changes in cancer-related molecular functions. A subset of the differentially expressed genes (n=584) separated lung adenocarcinoma clinical samples (n=360) into two clusters with significant survival differences. Interestingly, six selected genes (UBE2C, MCM2, MCM6, FEN-1, TPX2, and SFN) were also effective in prognosis. Further studies with one of these genes - UBE2C- demonstrated that its mRNA and protein levels were significantly up-regulated in NSCLC tissue relative to normal lung and its protein levels increased progressively in preneoplastic lung lesions. Moreover, stage-I NSCLC patients with positive UBE2C expression displayed significantly poorer overall and progression-free survival than patients with negative expression. CONCLUSIONS: The in vitro lung carcinogenesis model utilized in this study is valuable for the discovery of early prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-265.
Lesson of the week: Tetanus in an immunised patient
Authors: Z. Shimoni, A. Dobrousin, J. Cohen, S. Pitlik
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Do not rule out a diagnosis of tetanus in a patient who has been immunised fully

Immunisation with alum absorbed tetanus toxoid is one of the most highly effective preventive measures in medical practice. The estimated failure rate is extremely low. We report a case of severe generalised tetanus in a patient who had been immunised fully.

A previously healthy 34 year old construction worker was admitted to hospital after experiencing what was described as an epileptic fit Before the fit, the man had had flu-like symptoms for three days. He denied that he had sustained any trauma before the episode, and he had no history of recurrent infections.

Physical examination showed that the patient had a low grade fever (37.6°C) His blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg and pulse rate was …
Nerve-induced histamine release is of little importance in psoriatic skin
Authors: None Krogstad, None LÖnnroth, None Larson, None Wallin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Psoriatic plaques contain an increased number of mast cells. Both the histamine concentration and release are increased in lesional skin but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. One hypothesis is that neuropeptides transmitted from thin sensory cutaneous nerves continuously stimulate mast cell release of histamine. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by examining if topical anaesthesia of these nerves inhibits histamine release in psoriatic skin. The concentration of histamine was measured in microdialysates obtained from lesional and non‐lesional skin before and during topical anaesthesia. Concomitantly skin blood flow was measured with scanning laser Doppler (perfusion) and/or 133Xe clearance (flow) techniques in the microdialysis area. The histamine concentrations (mean ± SEM) were 34 ± 4 (n = 21), 14 ± 1.5 (n = 18) (P< 0.001) and 2.8 ± 1 nmol/L (n = 10) in lesional and non‐lesional skin and plasma, respectively. After anaesthesia of the microdialysis areas the histamine concentration in psoriatic skin increased to 44 ± 4 nmol/L (n = 19, P< 0.05), but remained unaltered in uninvolved skin. In anaesthetized lesional skin the perfusion decreased from 3.7 ± 0.2 to 2.5 ± 0.3 V and blood flow decreased from 14 ± 5 to 9 ± 1 mL/min per 100 g (P< 0.001, n = 10). The calculated release of dermal histamine in involved skin (198 ± 30 pmol/min per 100 g, n = 10) remained unchanged after local anaesthesia. The results indicate that neurogenic activation of mast cells is of minor importance for continuous histamine release in psoriatic skin and that the vasodilatation in the psoriatic plaque is not mediated by histamine.
DIAGNOSTIC DIFFICULTIES RELATING TO AMEBIASIS, WITH FIVE CASE REPORTS
Authors: V J DORSET, J B SPRIGGS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1952)

Article1 June 1952DIAGNOSTIC DIFFICULTIES RELATING TO AMEBIASIS, WITH FIVE CASE REPORTSV. J. DORSET, M.D., J. B. SPRIGGS, M.D.V. J. DORSET, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. B. SPRIGGS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-36-6-1459 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe protean clinical manifestations of amebiasis are well described in the medical literature but may be misinterpreted. Ochsner and DeBakey1 quote Craig in emphasizing the erroneous conception produced by the term "amebic dysentery." They indicate that dysenteric symptoms are characteristic of one form of infection with Endamoeba histolytica, but that many patients with amebic infection display symptoms which often are believed due to some condition other than amebiasis.During the year 1950 there were 1,837 admissions to the U. S. Marine Hospital, Mobile, Alabama. A diagnosis of amebiasis was made in 29 of these admissions. Most of these cases of...Bibliography1. OchsnerDeBakey AM: Surgical amebiasis, Internat. Clin. 1: 68-99, 1942. Google Scholar2. DruckmanSchorr AS: Roentgenological manifestations of amebiasis of large intestine, Am. J. Roentgenol. 54: 145-148 (Aug.) 1945. Google Scholar3. DeBakeyOchsner MEA: Hepatic amebiasis, Surg., Gynec. and Obst. 92: 209-231 (March) 1951. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Bargen JA: Present day management of amebiasis, J. A. M. A. 145: 785-789 (Mar. 17) 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. TerryBozicevich LLJ: The importance of the complement fixation test in amebic hepatitis and liver abscess, South. M. J. 41: 691-702 (Sept. 8) 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. SodemanLewis WABO: Amebic hepatitis, J. A. M. A. 129: 99-104 (Sept. 8) 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. KleitschCherry WPLD: The surgical importance of amebiasis, Mil. Surgeon 105: 458-466 (Dec.) 1949. MedlineGoogle Scholar8. Klatskin G: Observations on amebiasis in American troops stationed in India, Ann. Int. Med. 25: 773-788 (Nov.) 1946. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mobile, Alabama*Received for publication December 26, 1951. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDiagnosis of Meleney's synergistic gangreneAmoebic granuloma of the large bowelAMEBOMA OF THE INTESTINE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE DISEASE AS PRESENTED IN 78 COLLECTED AND 41 PREVIOUSLY UNREPORTED CASES*RYLE A. RADKEAmebic GranulomaAmebiasis: A General Discussion with a Report of an Unusual Case of Amebic Granuloma of the Descending Colon 1 June 1952Volume 36, Issue 6Page: 1459-1466KeywordsAmebiasisArmed forcesComplement fixation testDysenteryEntamoeba histolyticaMedical services ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1952 PDF downloadLoading ...