tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid and efficient gene transfer in human hepatocytes by herpes viral vectors
Authors: Yuman Fong, Howard J. Federoff, Michael Brownlee, David Blumberg, Leslie H. Blumgart, Murray F. Brennan
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Retroviral vectors have been widely studied as vehicles for hepatocyte gene therapy, but they are limited by an inability to infect nondividing cells and the need for prolonged cell culture. Two replication deficient herpes simplex viral vectors (HSV) were constructed with the marker genes lac-Z/beta-galactosidase (HSVlac) or human-growth hormone (HSVhGH) to determine the efficiency of HSV gene transfer into adult human hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusions and density centrifugation from liver wedge biopsy specimens obtained from six patients. After exposure to HSV (0, 50,000 and 500,000 viral particles/ 10(6) hepatocytes) for 20 minutes, 1 hour, or 2 hours, the hepatocytes were washed and placed in culture. Hepatocytes transduced with HSVlac were fixed at 24 hours and histochemically stained with X-gal, and media from HSVhgh-transduced cells were assayed at 48 hours by radioimmunoassay for hGH. After a 20-minute exposure at a multiplicity of infection of 0.5 (1 viral particle per 2 hepatocytes), greater than 35% of the hepatocytes expressed the lac-Z gene ( > 70% efficiency). hGH was also detected in the media from HSVhGH-transduced cells, showing that proteins coded for by foreign cells are not only expressed by transduced cells but are also secreted. Isolated liver perfusions using HSVlac were also performed in Fischer rats. A 20-minute isolated perfusion using 5 x 10(6) viral particles resulted in expression of the beta-galactosidase gene in the rodent livers 72 hours later without histological signs of tissue injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phase-II Study of Docetaxel, Estramustine Phosphate, and Carboplatin in Patients with Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nobuyuki Kikuno, Shinji Urakami, Shigeru Nakamura, Takeo Hiraoka, Taijyu Hyuga, Naoko Arichi, Kouji Wake, Masahiro Sumura, Tatsuaki Yoneda, Hirofumi Kishi, Kazushi Shigeno, Hiroaki Shiina, Mikio Igawa
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Ascorbic Acid and The Common Cold
Authors: G. Ritzel
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I heartily endorse the views of your contributors Dykes and Meier (231:1073, 1975) that the use of double-blind randomized trials is especially essential in the evaluation of prophylaxis and therapy of the common cold, which relies largely on subjective reports from the patient and impressions of the investigator. I would, however, like to reassure them about the "blindness" and evaluation of the trial that I carried out 14 years ago, and which they cite in the<i>Helvetica Medica Acta</i>(28:63, 1961). The placebo was indistinguishable from the 1-gm ascorbic acid tablet. They were given to school children in two skiing courses. The children were randomly separated into two groups. Neither test subjects nor investigators knew whether the children got placebo or vitamin C. A questionnaire was completed daily by the camp physician for each of the 279 participants who were asked about the presence or absence of
Association Between 5-α Reductase Inhibition and Risk of Hip Fracture
Authors: Steven J. Jacobsen
Journal: JAMA (2008)

<h3>Context</h3>For more than 15 years, 5-α reductase inhibitors, which block the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, have been used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Short-term studies show no effects of these agents on bone metabolism,but long-term data are not available.<h3>Objective</h3>To assess the association between use of 5-α reductase inhibitors (eg, finasteride) for BPH and occurrence of hip fracture.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>Population-based case-control study using data from Kaiser Permanente Southern California, a managed care organization with more than 3 million members. Case patients included 7076 men 45 years and older with incident hip fracture from 1997-2006. Control patients were 7076 men without incident hip fracture, optimally matched at a 1:1 ratio to case patients on age and medical center. Electronic information on pharmaceutical use was used to identify use of finasteride from 1991 forward.<h3>Results</h3>Overall, 2547 (36%) and 2488 (35%) case and control patients, respectively, had a diagnosis of BPH (P = .30), and 109 (1.5%) and 141 (2.0%) of case and control patients, respectively, had been exposed to finasteride prior to the index date (matched odds ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.00; P = .04). There was no suggestion of a dose-response relationship between exposure to 5-α reductase inhibitors when the exposure was stratified into tertiles of total exposure (P = .12). By contrast, there was a slightly higher prevalence of α-blocker use in case vs control patients (32% vs 30%, respectively; P = .04).<h3>Conclusions</h3>Exposure to 5-α reductase inhibitors was not associated with increased risk of hip fracture. The reduction in risk observed with exposure to 5-α reductase inhibitors and the modest increase in risk associated with exposure to α-blockers require replication and warrant further investigation.
Association between synovial fluid levels of inorganic pyrophosphate and short term radiographic outcome of knee osteoarthritis.
Authors: M Doherty, C Belcher, M Regan, A Jones, J Ledingham
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that high concentrations of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), which associate with increased cell synthesis and turnover in cartilage, may act as a marker for structural outcome in knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHOD: One hundred and thirty five consecutive patients referred to hospital with knee OA (59 men, 76 women; mean age 71 years, range 41-88) were followed prospectively for a median of 2.5 years (interquartile range 1.75-3.0). Synovial fluid (SF) aspirated at presentation (202 OA knees: 68 bilateral, 66 unilateral) was assessed for PPi content by radiometric assay. Knee radiographs at presentation and at final review were assessed for change in global (Kellgren) and individual features (narrowing, osteophyte, sclerosis, cyst, attrition) of OA. RESULTS: The median SF PPi level was 10.5 mumol (range 0.07-72.4). At baseline, high PPi was significantly associated with presence of calcium pyrophosphate crystals, chondrocalcinosis, and bone attrition. Radiographic change was observed in 164 knees. High PPi levels were negatively associated with change in Kellgren and Lawrence grade, further narrowing, and increase in osteophyte, but positively associated with development of attrition. In the 68 patients from whom bilateral data were obtained, there was correlation between right and left knees for PPi levels, all baseline radiographic scores, and changes in radiographic features. Multiple logistic regression analysis for PPi as a continuous variable (age, gender, and patient number included in model) showed a negative correlation with change in global Kellgren and Lawrence grade (odds ratio (OR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 0.99) and a positive correlation with attrition (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.07). CONCLUSION: High SF levels of PPi are associated with favourable radiographic outcome in terms of progressive change in Kellgren grade. Such elevated PPi levels, however, may inhibit new bone formation and remodelling in knee OA.
Androgenetic alopecia as an early marker of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Salvador Arias-Santiago, Miguel Angel Arrabal-Polo, Agustín Buendía-Eisman, Miguel Arrabal-Martín, María Teresa Gutiérrez-Salmerón, María Sierra Girón-Prieto, Antonio Jimenez-Pacheco, Jaime Eduardo Calonje, Ramón Naranjo-Sintes, Armando Zuluaga-Gomez, Salvio Serrano Ortega
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Detection of myocardial ischemia by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy during handgrip exercise.
Authors: T Yabe, K Mitsunami, M Okada, S Morikawa, T Inubushi, M Kinoshita
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The metabolic changes of myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease assessed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have been reported previously. A significant decrease in the ratio of phosphocreatine (PCr) to ATP during handgrip exercise in a group of patients with severe coronary artery disease has been demonstrated. However, there are no reports at present that directly compare cardiac 31P MRS data with exercise 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy, now established as one of the most important clinical methods to assess myocardial ischemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 31P MRS with handgrip exercise testing is able to detect myocardial ischemia, demonstrated by exercise 201Tl scintigraphy. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-seven patients with severe stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (&gt; or = 75%) and 11 normal control subjects composed the present study. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of exercise 201Tl scintigraphy: a reversible 201Tl defect group (RD[+]) who demonstrated redistribution at the late image and a fixed 201Tl defect group (RD[-]). While lying supine within the magnet, subjects performed handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal force once in every two cardiac cycles. 31P MR spectra were collected before and during handgrip exercise. Data were corrected for the saturation factor. ANOVA revealed significant differences among the three groups with respect to the mean +/- SD PCr/ATP ratio at rest (control, 1.85 +/- 0.28 &gt; RD(+), 1.60 +/- 0.19 &gt; RD(-), 1.24 +/- 0.30; P &lt; .05). The PCr/ATP ratio decreased significantly from 1.60 +/- 0.19 at rest to 0.96 +/- 0.28 during exercise (P &lt; .001) in the RD(+) group (n = 15). However, in the RD(-) group (n = 12), the ratio did not change significantly during handgrip exercise (1.24 +/- 0.30 at rest versus 1.19 +/- 0.28 during exercise). Similarly, the ratio did not change in the control group (n = 11) (1.85 +/- 0.28 at rest versus 1.90 +/- 0.23 during exercise). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to normal subjects or patients with fixed thallium defects, the PCr/ATP ratio was significantly altered by exercise in patients with reversible thallium defects. These results suggest that 31P MRS with handgrip exercise testing is a sensitive method for detecting myocardial ischemia.
THE NECESSITIES OF A MODERN MEDICAL COLLEGE.
Authors: E. FLETCHER INGALS
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In the early history of this country, and as late as fifty or perhaps even twenty-five years ago, large tracts of sparsely settled portions of the United States presented conditions in which it was impossible for the thoroughly educated medical man to obtain a just recompense for the time and money necessarily expended in acquiring his medical education, yet these communities required the services of physicians, and it therefore happened that persons with very slight qualifications took up the practice of physic and endeavored to supply the demands of the community that was unable to obtain anything better. With increase in population, wealth and civilization the people became more discriminating in their choice of doctors, the communication with distant points was more rapid, the advent of railroads made it easier to secure competent medical men, and consequently the poorly qualified doctors have gradually decreased until at present there are few
Lateralisation may be a side issue for understanding language development
Authors: Caterina Breitenstein, Agnes Floel, Bianca Dräger, Stefan Knecht
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

We add evidence in support of Corballis's gestural theory of language. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, we found that productive and receptive linguistic tasks excite the motor cortices for both hands. This indicates that the language and the hand motor systems are still tightly linked in modern man. The bilaterality of the effect, however, implies that lateralisation is a secondary issue.
ETIOLOGY OF WHOOPING COUGH
Authors: J. J. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> The present communication was inspired by the appearance in your editorial columns during the past six weeks of two comments on the etiology of whooping cough (The Journal, Nov. 26, 1932, p. 1866 and Dec. 17, p. 2115). Most of our knowledge of the bacteriology and serology of whooping cough has come from Europe, yet in your columns, widely read in Europe, such foreign data are not mentioned. Thorvald Madsen (<i>Boston M. &amp; S. J.</i><b>192</b>:50 [Jan. 8] 1924) summarized the work of his staff at the Danish National Serum Institute in the Cutler Lecture given at Harvard University Medical School in 1924. He described the results obtained with the "cough plate" of Chievitz and Meyer (<i>Ann. de l'Inst. Pasteur</i><b>30</b>:503 [Oct.] 1916), which has now been used for sixteen years as a routine diagnostic procedure in Denmark. The acceptance of this procedure by the
The Pharmacology and Clinical Use of Methotrexate
Authors: Jacques Jolivet, Kenneth H. Cowan, Gregory A. Curt, Neil J. Clendeninn, Bruce A. Chabner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

METHOTREXATE, the most widely used antimetabolite in cancer chemotherapy, has an essential role in the treatment of such diverse diseases as acute lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, osteosarcoma, choriocarcinoma, head and neck cancer, and breast cancer.1 It has also become an important therapeutic alternative in the treatment of severe psoriasis2 and in the suppression of graft-versus-host disease after bone-marrow transplantation,3 as well as in the experimental treatment of various rheumatic diseases after primary therapy has failed.4 Through pharmacologic research we have gained an understanding of the basic steps in the action of methotrexate, including its transport across cell membranes, its intracellular . . .
Teaching Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: The Pig Stomach
Authors: S. M. Freys, J. Heimbucher, K.-H. Fuchs
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

An easily applicable teaching and training technique for flexible endoscopy in the upper gastrointestinal tract is presented. Using a fresh, flushed-out pig stomach with adherent esophagus and duodenum, the trainee endoscopist can practice all the essential endoscopic diagnostic and interventional techniques. The teaching model proposed requires little preparation, represents a cheap and easy technique with widespread applicability, offers a high degree of learning efficiency, and is appropriate for specialized teaching courses.
Problems of Medical Practice in India
Authors: S. C. Sen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

SIXTY thousand doctors, for a population of 360,000,000 people in India, is the usual reply given to the usual question asked by foreign colleagues and friends. But unless further amplification is demanded or given, the reply is only partially true.To understand the present problems of medical practice in India, it is necessary to have some information about the background of Indian conditions.Historical BackgroundIndia is an ancient country, with traditions and knowledge dating from thousands of years ago. The people of India, of the earliest days, developed among other things a medical science known as Ayurveda —the science . . .
Improving Access to Mental Health Services for Youth in the United States
Authors: Janet R. Cummings, Hefei Wen, Benjamin G. Druss
Journal: JAMA (2013)

In the wake of the Connecticut school shooting, a public dialogue emerged about the accessibility of mental health (MH) care in the United States.Policy makers have called for a more critical examination of the MH treatment system, and advocates are rallying around federal legislation that would strengthen community-based MH services --especially for children and adolescents. 1Although the implementation of recent federal policies (i.e., Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and the Affordable Care Act) will expand insurance coverage for MH disorders among many U.S. children, these expansions will not improve access if communities lack a sufficient infrastructure to serve those in need of care.
Letter by Harris et al Regarding Article, “Outcomes of Patients With Acute Type A Aortic Intramural Hematoma”
Authors: Kevin M. Harris, Jamie M. Pelzel, Alan C. Braverman
Journal: Circulation (2010)

We read with interest the report by Song et al 1 outlining the management of ascending aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) at the Asan Medical Center in Seoul,
Clinical significance of the entity 'flat epithelial atypia' on core needle biopsies of breast.
Authors: DJ Dabbs, R Bhargava, G Tseng, M Chivukula
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3006 Background: Flat epithelial atypia (FEA) is a newly emerging entity of uncertain clinical significance. Defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2003, FEA differs from columnar cell hyperplasia by the presence of nuclear atypia and from atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) by the absence of complex architecture. As the term FEA is relatively new, the clinical relevance and the outcome data are sparse. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and pathologic significance of this entity in order to construct the proper management of these lesions.&amp;#x2028; Design: All core-needle biopsies (CNB) diagnosed as ADH, which includes pure FEA at our institution, from January 2006-April 2008 were retrieved from our pathology files. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) slides of five levels on each case were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed with calculation of p-value.&amp;#x2028; Results: Total number of CNB performed from 2006-2008 was 8054. 99% (8051/8054) were stereotactic guided and 1% (3/8054) were ultrasound/MRI guided biopsies. All the CNB were performed for microcalcifications. The mean age of the patients is 54 years (range 29-83). Incidence of ADH was 4% (338/8054). We have reviewed 203 cases so far and the study is ongoing. 32 cases were discarded due to either presence of DCIS or IC in the CNB. Upon review, 9% (18/203) cases were classified as pure FEA and 91% (185/203) cases as FEA+ADH. The upstaging to a significant lesion in pure FEA group is 14% in comparison to 12% in FEA+ADH group (p=0.9471), is not statistically significant. Lobular neoplasia is seen in association with pure FEA group in 33% (6/18) and 11% (21/185) in FEA+ADH group. In 6% (11/185) of cases in FEA+ADH group, we observed FEA evolved into ADH at the same site at an average of 3-4 levels.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: 1.The incidence of FEA in our CNB targeted for calcifications is 9% 2. The upstaging in the follow-up resections in FEA in comparison to ADH+FEA shows no statistical difference (14% versus 12%). 3. Since FEA and ADH commonly occur together on the same slide, it is prudent to examine deeper tissue levels when pure FEA is encountered on CNB. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3006.
Mastocytosis and the Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome
Authors: WILLIAM B. HARWELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1985Mastocytosis and the Hyperimmunoglobulin E SyndromeWILLIAM B. HARWELL, M.D.WILLIAM B. HARWELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-4-641_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, or Job's syndrome, consists of recurrent pyogenic infections (usually staphylococcal), elevated levels of IgE, eczema, a cellular defect in chemotaxis, and sometimes, peripheral blood eosinophilia (1). Although both urticaria (2) and anaphylaxis (3), manifestations of systemic mastocytosis, have been described in association with this syndrome, their association has not been well described. We describe the case of a patient who has features of both the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome and systemic mastocytosis.In June 1977 a 32-year-old white woman sought medical attention for a particularly severe episode of pruritus. Physical findings included chronic and generalized...References1. DONABEDIANGALLIN HJ. The hyperimmunoglobulin E—recurrent infection (Job's) syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore). 1983;62:195-208. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HILLESTENSENHOGANQUIE HRNP. Severe staphylococcal disease associated with allergic manifestations, hyperimmunoglobulin E, and defective neutrophil chemotaxis. J Lab Clin Med. 1976;88:796-806. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. GREENBERGER P. Life-threatening idiopathic anaphylaxis associated with hyperimmunoglobulin E. Am J Med. 1984;76:553-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DRUTZVANWAYSCHAFFNERKOENIG DMAM. Bacterial interference in the therapy of recurrent staphylococcal infections. N Engl J Med. 1966;275:1161-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. LEVER W. Histopathology of the Skin. 5th ed. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company; 1975:51. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Associated Dermatologists, P.C. Nashville, TN 37203 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1985Volume 103, Issue 4Page: 641-641KeywordsAnaphylaxisBloodChemotaxisEczemaEosinophiliaMastocytosisPruritusStaphylococcal infectionSystemic mastocytosisUrticaria Issue Published: 1 October 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...