tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synchronous Combined Abdomino-perineal Excision of Rectum
Authors: J. B. M. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1961)

to cannot be estimated.In the absence of exact diagnostic criteria, cases will vary from series to series, while those that get published may well include an abnormally high proportion of successes.Again, some cases appear to be benefited by steroid therapy, others by splenectomy.Since remission is usually a slow process it is often impossible to distinguish the results of therapy from the natural fluctuations of the disease.As Scott, Cartwright, and Wintrobe (1959) point out, even the excellent results attributed to splenectomy may well be largely accounted for by selection of the more chronic cases, which are inherently more likely to recover spontaneously.In the light of these considerations it is impossible to assess the true rate of spontaneous remission at all accurately.The interested reader must perforce read in detail the reviews of Boon and Walton (1951), Heaton, Crosby, and Cohen (1957), Scott et al. (1959), and lsraels and Wilkinson (1961).It is not unlikely, however, that somewhat less than one-third of such cases as are commonly labelled aplastic anaemia may recover spontaneously.Clearly the cases here reported represent no particular advance, and no firm conclusions can be reached.At the same time it is worth noting that in Case 9 the administration of a small dose of foetal haemopoietic cells was followed by lengthening of the intervals between transfusions, and that when the rate of haemo- globin decline had again accelerated, a second, larger, dose of foetal cells was followed by a more complete remission.It is not impossible that in this case, as in those reported by Boon and Walton (1951), Morrison and Samwick (1940), Dameshek, McFarland, and Granville (1960), and McFarland, Granville, Schwartz, Oliner, Misra, and Dameshek (1961), a temporary proliferation of foreign metabolically competent cells in the marrow is able to help the impaired cells to recover, or that a direct humoral factor is involved.In this context the experimental work of Bernstein and Russell (1959) should be cited.They have shown that genetically anaemic mice may, without prior irradiation, be cured by transplantation of foetal liver cells from closely related animals.It can be proved
What's the evidence that NICE guidance has been implemented?: Authors' reply
Authors: Trevor A Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

This week in the BMJ for the paper by Walsh et al are offered the conclusion that investment in intermediate care in community hospitals may be more cost effective than financing nurse led care for post-acute patients in acute hospitals. 1 2But the study itself, which confirms existing evidence on the costs of nurse led intermediate care in acute settings, 3 4 tackles neither the effect nor the cost of intermediate care in community hospitals.How then can such a conclusion be drawn?Walsh et al do not make this assertion.The author of the comment offers no support.Our own review of the evidence on nurse led intermediate care found no quality evidence for either the effect or cost of intermediate care in community settings. 5 The BMJ has been at the forefront of setting standards for the reporting of primary research.However, the editors must be aware that many readers simply pick up a take home message from comment, like this, 1 in the journal.
The Discovery of Insulin: Twenty-fifth Anniversary Edition
Authors: A. Mark Clarfield
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Manpower Needs by Specialty
Authors: Henry R. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1972)

When the project reported herein was initiated early in 1971,  increasing number of writers on the subject of medical manpower were calling attention to the problem of physician distribution, both geographic and by specialty. Previously the most-often-repeated problem of the medical service bottleneck had been an immediate need for 50,000 doctors. However, recent writers have begun to cast doubt on such a shortage, and have suggested that the problem is one of distribution rather than sheer shortage. A few have said that if 50,000 physicians were added to the pool today, the shortages would still appear in the same places, the inner city neighborhoods and the rural towns.  My own observations lend credence to these statements, and there is increasing evidence that physicians will continue to shun practice in these locales, placing high value on the geographic attributes of a practice setting. A national study of 16 statesponsored forgiveness
Uncertain Inheritance: Transgenerational Effects of Environmental Exposures
Authors: Charles W. Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

A ndrea Cupp made a serendipitous discovery when she was a postdoctoral fellow at Washington State University: While investigating how chemicals affect sex determination in embryonic animals, she bred the offspring of pregnant rats that had been dosed with an insecticide called methoxyclor.When the males from that litter grew into adults, they had decreased sperm counts and higher rates of infertility.Cupp had seen these same abnormalities in the animals' fathers, which had been exposed to methoxyclor in the womb.But this latest generation hadn't been exposed that way, which suggested that methoxyclor's toxic effects had carried over generations."At first I couldn't believe it," says Cupp's advisor, Michael Skinner, a biochemist and Washington State professor."But then we repeated the breeding experiments and found that the results held up."Skinner and Cupp, who is now a professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, published their findings in 2005. 1 Since that paper-which showed that reproductive effects not just from methoxyclor but also from the fungicide vinclozolin persisted for at least four generations-the number of published articles reporting similar transgenerational findings has increased steadily."In the last year and half there's been an explosion in studies showing transgenerational effects from exposure to a wide array of environmental stressors," says Lisa Chadwick, a program administrator at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)."This is a field that's really starting to take off."According to Chadwick, the new findings compel a reevaluation of how scientists perceive environmental health threats."We have to think more long-term about the effects of chemicals that we're exposed to every day," she says."This new research suggests they could have consequences not just for our own health and for that of our children, but also for the health of generations to come."
Randomised comparison of guided self management and traditional treatment of asthma over one year
Authors: A. Lahdensuo, T. Haahtela, J. Herrala, T. Kava, K. Kiviranta, P. Kuusisto, E. Peramaki, T. Poussa, S. Saarelainen, T. Svahn
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To compare the efficacy of self management of asthma with traditional treatment. <b>Design</b>: 12 month prospective randomised trial. <b>Setting</b>: Outpatient clinics in Finland. <b>Subjects</b>: 115 patients with mild to moderately severe asthma. <b>Interventions</b>: Patient education and adjustment of anti-inflammatory therapy guided by peak flow measurements. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Unscheduled admissions to hospital and outpatient visits, days off work, courses of antibiotics and prednisolone, lung function, and quality of life. <b>Results</b>: The mean number of unscheduled visits to ambulatory care facilities (0.5 v 1.0), days off work (2.8 v 4.8), and courses of antibiotics (0.4 v 0.9) and prednisolone (0.4 v 1.0) per patient were lower and the quality of life score (16.6 v 8.4 at 12 months) higher in the self management group than in the traditionally treated group. In both groups admissions for asthma were rare. <b>Conclusions</b>: Self management reduces incidents caused by asthma and improves quality of life. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages This trial of 115 patients with mild to moderately severe disease randomised half to a traditional care and half to a self management programme consisting of education about asthma and daily peak flow readings Intervention thresholds of &lt; 85% of the optimal peak flow for doubling the dose of inhaled steroid for two weeks and of &lt; 70% of the optimal peak flow for starting a course of oral steroids worked well The self management group had fewer incidents (consultations, days off work, courses of prednisolone or antibiotics) than the traditionally treated group and better quality of life scores Adherence of patients to the self management instructions was better than expected
Researchers follow varied molecular paths toward better control of organ rejection
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

GREATER SELECTIVITY leading to total acceptance is the goal of researchers seeking new antirejection drugs for persons who receive organ transplants. At the Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons, held in Atlanta, Ga, experts in immunology and transplantation discussed recent laboratory developments that may one day improve clinical results. Work was presented on three different compounds—an experimental molecule, a new monoclonal antibody, and a naturally occurring substance. While each one acts differently, all of the compounds specifically block the immune response to grafted foreign tissue and, in animal studies, all have been completely successful in suppressing the rejection of transplanted hearts. Fooling the immune system into thinking that a transplanted organ is self and not nonself "is not an immunologist's dream," says Randall E. Morris, MD, director, Laboratory for Transplantation Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif. He adds, "We're close to reality." <h3>Compound RS 61443</h3>
Scientists deal with risks posed by gene-grafting research
Authors: G. McBride
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CFTR Expression and Organ Damage in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Eduardo F. Tizzano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

The cloning of the defective gene in cystic fibrosis (CFTR) is the most important step to date toward understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and developing novel therapeutic strategies.Although many studies have provided insights into the molecular defects and knowledge of the expression and role of the gene, the basic defect and its pathogenesis are still unclear. We hypothesize that organ damage in cystic fibrosis is the result of a combination of at least three main factors: the genotype (the type of mutation that alters the function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator [CFTR]), the rate of CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in the epithelium of each organ (inferred from the level of expression of the gene), and the anatomical and physiologic characteristics of the affected organs (the size and contents of the ducts). Confirmation of this hypothesis should allow a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and help prevent organ damage.
Decreased survival in normal karyotype AML with single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding the AraC metabolizing enzymes cytidine deaminase and 5′‐nucleotidase
Authors: Ingrid Jakobsen Falk, Anna Fyrberg, Esbjörn Paul, Hareth Nahi, Monica Hermanson, Richard Rosenquist, Martin Höglund, Lars Palmqvist, Dick Stockelberg, Yuan Wei, Henrik Gréen, Kourosh Lotfi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

De novo acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype (NK-AML) comprises a large group of patients with no common cytogenetic alterations and with a large variation in treatment response. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to the metabolism of the nucleoside analogue AraC, the backbone in AML treatment, might affect drug sensitivity and treatment outcome. Therefore, SNPs may serve as prognostic biomarkers aiding clinicians in individualized treatment decisions, with the aim of improving patient outcomes. We analyzed polymorphisms in genes encoding cytidine deaminase (CDA 79A>C rs2072671 and -451C>T rs532545), 5'-nucleotidase (cN-II 7A>G rs10883841), and deoxycytidine kinase (DCK 3'UTR 948T>C rs4643786) in 205 de novo NK-AML patients. In FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD)-positive patients, the CDA 79C/C and -451T/T genotypes were associated with shorter overall survival compared to other genotypes (5 vs. 24 months, P < 0.001 and 5 vs. 23 months, P = 0.015, respectively), and this was most pronounced in FLT3-ITD-positive/NPM1-positive patients. We observed altered in vitro sensitivity to topoisomerase inhibitory drugs, but not to nucleoside analogues, and a decrease in global DNA methylation in cells carrying both CDA variant alleles. A shorter survival was also observed for the cN-II variant allele, but only in FLT3-ITD-negative patients (25 vs. 31 months, P = 0.075). Our results indicate that polymorphisms in genes related to nucleoside analog drug metabolism may serve as prognostic markers in de novo NK-AML.
Sentinel node biopsy performed in the neoadjuvant setting for breast cancer: results from the I-SPY TRIAL (CALGB 150007/150012 &amp; ACRIN 6657).
Authors: RE Gomez, J Zakhireh, D Moore, A DeMichele, J Przewoznik, D Ollila, J Frank, H Krontiras, L Montgomery, V Sarode, G Broadwater, L Esserman, the I-SPY TRIAL Network
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #202 Introduction: Controversy remains over whether to perform sentinel node biopsy (SNB) before or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We examined the practice patterns, feasibility, and accuracy of this procedure in high risk breast cancer patients treated with NAC in a multi-institutional correlative science study.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven breast cancer &amp;gt;3 cm enrolled into the I-SPY TRIAL to undergo 4 weeks of anthracycline-based NAC, 4 weeks of taxane treatment, then surgical intervention. Study protocol did not dictate axillary treatment. Timing of SNB was dictated by the surgeon. Practice patterns, outcome of SNB and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), locoregional recurrence and distant metastases were recorded with a mean follow-up of 2.9 years.&amp;#x2028; Results: 237 patients enrolled, 221 completed the trial, 210 had complete data at the time of analysis; Table 1 shows axillary practice patterns.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Overall, 43% had a positive SNB and/or ALND after NAC. 129 (61% of 210) patients presented with clinically positive nodes, 39 of which had a post-NAC SNB. 5/39 had no ALND (all SNB negative). Table 2 shows results for those who had a post-NAC SNB and ALND. For this subset of patients, sentinel node ID, accuracy, and false negative (FN) rates were 80%, 91% and 15% respectively. If SNB was negative, 20% of patients still had a positive ALND. 81 (39% of 210) patients presented with clinically negative nodes, 22 of which had a post-NAC SNB. 8/22 post-NAC SNB patients had no ALND (6 negative, 2 positive for 1mm disease). Table 2 shows results for those who had a post-NAC SNB and ALND. For this subset of patients, sentinel node ID, accuracy, and FN rates were 100%, 100% and 0%.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Overall, there were 26 deaths; 96% occurred in those who presented with clinically positive nodes, 77% had positive post-NAC nodes. A negative axilla post-NAC was predictive of longer DFS over those with axillary disease post-NAC (p&amp;lt;0.05).&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: In clinically node negative patients, post-NAC SNB is feasible and accurate before or after NAC. Our data suggests that a post-NAC SNB is sufficient; this avoids an additional operation and allows us to gain information on post-NAC axillary status which is of prognostic significance. In clinically positive patients, SNB does not adequately reflect axillary disease; even when SNB was negative, 20% still had axillary disease. At this time, we recommend that ALND be performed on all clinically node positive patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 202.
Abstract 482: Comparison of the actin-binding proteins actinin-1 and actinin-4: Their role in cancer
Authors: Kate S. Foley, Paul Young
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Actinins are cytoskeleton proteins that crosslink actin filaments. Evolution of the actinin family resulted in the formation of calcium-insensitive muscle isoforms (actinin-2 and- 3) and calcium-sensitive non-muscle isoforms (actinin-1 and -4) with regard to their actin-binding function. Although the non-muscle actinin isoforms show 87% amino acid identity, they are currently viewed as distinct entities. Each isoform is reported to exert distinct effects on cell migration, adhesion and proliferation depending on the cell type studied. Actinin-4 is the predominant isoform reported to be associated with the cancer phenotype. Actinin-4 protein levels are elevated in a number of cancers including breast, ovarian, colorectal, bladder, pancreatic, ovarian and glioblastomas. Actinin-4 enhances the motility and metastatic potential of various carcinoma cell lines. This suggests that actinin-4 may have some unique characteristic that facilitates its role in cancer. We aimed to compare the actin-binding affinities, actin-bundling capacities and calcium sensitivities of the non-muscle actinins. We found that the non-muscle actinins have similar actin-binding affinities and calcium sensitivities with regard to their actin-binding and actin-bundling functions. Actinin structure consists of two anti-parallel monomers that form a homodimer. Heterodimer formation is reported to occur between the muscle actinin isoforms however this has not been systematically examined for the non-muscle isoforms. Through yeast two-hybrid analysis and in vitro binding assays we have shown that non-muscle actinin homodimers and heterodimers form with equal affinity. Using native gel electrophoresis we have shown that non-muscle actinin heterodimer formation occurs in a number of cancer cell lines studied. Comparison of non-muscle actinin protein levels indicates that the heterodimer represents the most abundant form of actinin present in the majority of cell lines studied. siRNA- mediated knockdown of actinin-4 resulted in a decrease in heterodimer levels and an increase in actinin-1 homodimer levels. Taken together this data suggests that actinin-1 and actinin-4 cannot be viewed as distinct entities from each other but rather as proteins that can exist in both homodimeric and heterodimeric forms. The ability to behave in this manner may have functional implications. This may be of importance considering that these proteins are central to such processes as cell migration and adhesion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 482. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-482
823 INDETERMINATE CAUSES OF ACUTE LIVER FAILURE: INCIDENCE AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF SPONTANEOUS SURVIVAL AND AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (LT)
Authors: A. Coilly, P. Ichai, V. Delvart, A.-M. Roque-Afonso, M. Sebagh, F. Saliba, E. Levesque, J.-C. Duclos-Vallee, D. Castaing, D. Samuel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Abstract 803: Diesel Exhaust Inhalation Enhances Thrombus Formation In Man
Authors: Andrew J Lucking, Magnus Lundback, Nicholas L Mills, Dana Faratian, Fleming Cassee, Ken Donaldson, Nicholas Boon, Juan J Badimon, Thomas Sandstrom, Anders Blomberg, David E Newby
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Transient exposure to traffic-derived air pollution may be a trigger for acute myocardial infarction although the mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diesel exhaust inhalation on thrombus formation in man using an ex vivo model of thrombosis. Methods and Results: In a double-blind randomized cross-over study, 20 healthy volunteers were exposed to diluted diesel exhaust (300 μg/m3) or filtered air during intermittent exercise for 1 or 2 hours. Thrombus formation, coagulation, platelet activation and inflammatory markers were measured at 2 and 6 hours after exposure. Thrombus formation was measured using the Badimon ex vivo perfusion chamber at low (212 /s) and high (1,690 /s) shear rates with porcine aortic tunica media as the thrombogenic substrate. Specimens were fixed, stained and thrombus area measured using computerized planimetry. Compared to filtered air, diesel exhaust increased thrombus formation in the low and high shear chambers by 24.2% (p&lt;0.001) and 19.1% (p&lt;0.001) respectively. This increased thrombogenicity was seen at two and six hours, and using two different types of diesel exposure. Although there were no effects on coagulation variables, diesel exhaust inhalation increased platelet-neutrophil (6.5% to 9.2%; P&lt;0.05) and platelet-monocyte (21.0% to 25.0%; P&lt;0.05) aggregates 2 hours following exposure. Conclusions: Inhalation of diesel exhaust increases ex vivo thrombus formation and causes platelet activation in man. These findings provide a potential mechanism that links exposure to traffic-derived air pollution with acute atherothrombotic events including acute myocardial infarction.
IMPACT OF SURGICAL VENTRICULAR RECONSTRUCTION ON SPHERICITY INDEX IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: FOLLOW-UP FROM STICH TRIAL
Authors: Jin-Oh Choi, Richard Daly, Grace Lin, Brian Lahr, Heather Wiste, Thomas Beaver, Attilio Iacovoni, Marcin Malinowski, Ivar Friedrich, Jean Rouleau, Roberto Favaloro, George Sopko, Irene Lang, Harvey White, Carmelo Milano, Robert Jones, Kerry Lee, Eric Velazquez, Jae Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)