tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 57: A Crowdsourcing, Mobile Media, Challenge to Locate Automated External Defibrillators
Authors: Raina M Merchant, David A Asch, John C Hershey, Heather Griffis, Shawndra Hill, Olivia Saynisch, Alison Leung, Jeremy M Asch, Kirkland Lozada, Victoria Vetter, Lindsay Nadkarni, Charles C Branas, Eric Stone, Larry Starr, Graham Nichol, Lance B Becker
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are potentially life saving devices located in public locations, but are hard to find and rarely used. Crowdsourcing is increasingly being used to engage the public to participate in tasks that involve surveillance and mapping. Less is known however about using crowdsourcing for collecting important health data, like AED locations--where data validity is critical. Methods: We used a crowdsourcing challenge to identify AEDs in Philadelphia. Participants in the challenge had to be &gt;18 years of age. A custom mobile app was used to photograph AEDs and enter information about device location and access. Monetary prizes were offered to incentivize participation. Data validity was assessed by matching the mobile phones’ associated GPS coordinates of the photo with the GPS coordinates of the building location and/or comparing submitted data with AED location information collected pre-challenge. Results: In 8 weeks, 1429 AEDs were submitted by 313 teams and individuals. Of participants providing demographic information (n=203), most were students 59(31%) or in the medical field 42(22%). Older participants (&gt;41 years old) submitted more AEDs than younger participants (18-40 years of age) (respectively, 1025 vs. 404, p&lt;.01). Most participants resided in Philadelphia 129 (64%), while others represented 10 states and 3 countries. More than half of the submissions represented unique AEDs 852(60%) in 528 buildings. AEDs were identified throughout the city, in 94% (46/49) of all Philadelphia zip codes in both public (59%) and private (41%) locations. Buildings (n=528) reported with AEDs were primarily: gyms 102 (19%), schools 85 (16%), and offices 57 (11%). Most submissions 1114 (75%) were validated with photo GPS coordinates matching the reported buildings GPS coordinates or by comparing submissions with data of AED locations identified pre-challenge. Conclusion: Crowdsourcing is a feasible approach for identifying AED locations in an urban city. Further, mobile GPS technology can be used for validating health data provided by the public. Engaging the public as “citizen scientist” can help identify emergency health resources and needs and can simultaneously improve awareness about them.
The ‘Think Test’: A Further Technique to Elicit Hyperventilation
Authors: P G F Nixon, L J Freeman
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

Hyperventilation can undermine cardiovascular homeostasis by generating autonomic imbalance, sympathetic dominance, hypokalemia, and intracellular alkalosis with calcium ion shifts. The role of hyperventilation in episodic disorders such as arrhythmia and coronary vasospasm can be difficult to identify if the patient does not present in an attack and so a provocation challenge is required. Today, the standard challenge is the forced hyperventilation provocation test (FHPT). A capnograph enables the resting end-tidal PCO 2 to be compared with the level 3 min after the period of overbreathing. We report the use of a patient-specific challenge. After the FHPT, the subject is invited to close his eyes and think about the circumstances of an attack, feelings and sensations experienced (breathing is not mentioned) or topics that were seen to disturb the rhythm of breathing when the medical history was taken. A fall of end-tidal PCO 2 of 10 mmHg or more lasting at least one minute was taken as a positive response. Out of 57 patients with cardiovascular symptoms suggesting a hypocapnic influence, resting hypocapnia (end-tidal Pco 2 =30 mmHg) was present in 3 (5%). Of the remaining 54, the FHPT was positive in 16 (30%) and the ‘think test’ in 33 (61%). This suggests that patient-specific stimulation has advantages over an unspecific challenge in testing for episodic hypocapnia.
Phase I study of oral clofarabine consolidation in adults aged 60 and older with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Meagan A. Jacoby, Michael G. Martin, Geoffrey L. Uy, Peter Westervelt, John F. DiPersio, Amanda Cashen, Keith Stockerl‐Goldstein, Ravi Vij, Jingqin Luo, Teresa Reineck, Noel Bernabe, Camille N. Abboud
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

Clofarabine has shown activity and tolerability in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We investigated the safety and tolerability of an oral formulation of clofarabine for consolidation therapy of patients aged 60 and older with AML. In this phase I study, twenty-two patients older than 60 years with AML in first complete remission were treated once daily with oral clofarabine for 14 or 21 days of a 28-day cycle, for up to five cycles. Dose escalation from 1 mg to 6 mg daily using a 3 + 3 design was used to determine dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and tolerability of oral clofarabine. No DLTs or Grade 3-4 nonhematologic toxicities were observed. The primary toxicities were hematologic, including uncomplicated grade 3-4 neutropenia (50%) and thrombocytopenia (50%). Given that myelosuppression necessitating dose delays/reductions was observed more commonly at higher doses, the recommended phase II dose is 2 mg daily for 21 of 28 days. At doses equal to or greater than 2 mg, the median relapse-free survival was 28.35 months. Oral clofarabine was well-tolerated with encouraging activity in patients older than 60 years. Further investigation of oral clofarabine as a consolidation and/or maintenance therapy in AML for older individuals is warranted. (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT00727766).
Serum IGF-1 levels influence susceptibility to multistage carcinogenesis in mouse skin
Authors: Tricia Moore, Linda Beltran, Steve Carbajal, Susan Perkins, Stephen Hursting, john DiGiovanni
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

4497  Calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to inhibit epithelial carcinogenesis however, the exact mechanism remains unknown. This method of dietary restriction reduces many circulating proteins, including IGF-1. Previous studies conducted in our lab identified a relationship between elevated IGF-1 and enhanced chemically induced skin tumorigenesis. In the present study, we examined the role of circulating IGF-1 in multistage carcinogenesis of the skin. Liver IGF-1 deficient (LID) mice, which have a 75% reduction in serum IGF-1, and wildtype littermates were treated using the two-stage skin carcinogenesis protocol. A total of 176 female mice (88 LID and 88 wildtype) were initiated with 100 nmol DMBA, divided into three treatment groups (acetone, 6.8 nmol TPA, and 13.6 nmol TPA), and treated topically, twice weekly, for 23 weeks. Significant inhibition of skin tumorigenesis was observed in both LID TPA treatment groups, with a 68% decrease in tumor multiplicity in the 6.8 nmol TPA treatment group and a 55% decrease in tumor multiplicity in the 13.6 nmol TPA treatment group, with respect to wildtype littermates. No papillomas developed in either acetone treated group. Tumor latency was also increased in both LID TPA treatment groups. These findings indicate that serum IGF-1 levels can significantly effect susceptibility to chemically induced tumorigenesis in mouse skin. Further investigation using epidermal extracts from both LID and wildtype littermates revealed differential activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway both in the presence and absence of TPA treatment. These data suggest reduced serum IGF-1 levels decrease signaling through the Akt/mTOR pathway, providing a potential mechanistic explanation for the inhibitory effect of reduced serum IGF-1 levels on skin tumorigenesis. Additional mechanistic data will be presented which further explores the differential response to TPA treatment observed in LID and wildytpe littermates. The current data support the hypothesis that reduced IGF-1 levels, that occur as a result of CR may explain, at least in part, the ability of this dietary manipulation to inhibit skin tumorigenesis.
Abstract 16707: High versus Low-to-Moderate Intensity Statin Treatment and One-Year Clinical Outcomes Among Older Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Emily C O’Brien, Jingjing Wu, Phillip Schulte, Alexander Christian, Deepak L Bhatt, Warren K Laskey, Adrian F Hernandez, Gregg C Fonarow
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Clinical trial evidence suggests that high-intensity statin therapy reduces adverse clinical events relative to lower intensity therapy in patients with existing coronary artery disea...
Androgen Suppression Plus Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Carl D Atkins
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The impact of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases on pigmented skin types
Authors: M. Ameen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant problem globally. Early diagnosis and treatment with antiretroviral drugs has considerably improved health outcomes and decreased disease‐related morbidity. HIV infection is associated with a wide range of skin disorders enabling dermatologists to diagnose HIV as well as associated opportunistic infections early in the course of disease. Despite concerted efforts by international health organizations to limit disease incidence, the prevalence of HIV infection remains high and is highest in sub‐Saharan Africa. The diagnosis of HIV‐related skin diseases is challenging as immunosuppression often results in atypical disease presentation. In addition, the clinical presentation will vary in pigmented skin types. The aim of this article is to describe disease variation in pigmented skin types.
Diagnosing Gastroparesis Without Radioactive Material
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Study of cross referrals between ICTC & RNTCP centres in GSVM Medical College Kanpur
Authors: Puneet Kr. Gupta, Sudhir Chaudhri, P.K. Singh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  India has over 1.982 million incident TB cases per year and world9s 3rd highest HIV burden. The estimated PLWHA is 0.34% (2.38 million) of Indian population. TB-HIV coordination activities are being implemented since 2001.   Objectives:  To study overall efficiency of cross referral between DMC cum DOTS centre and ICTC.   Methods:  All patients registered at our DMC for DOTS between 1st July 2009 to 31st July 2010 (13 months) were referred to Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre. During the same period ICTC was asked to refer all TB suspects to our DMC. Before this period no effective cross referral strategy was in vogue in our medical college DMC and ICTC.   Results:  During the study period, our DMC cum DOTS centre registered 1287 TB cases (664 were bacillary). They were advised to get tested at ICTC where only 1063 reached. 54 of them were HIV positive. During same period 8683 clients were registered at ICTC Centre. Out of these 424 (123 HIV positive, 301 HIV negative) were TB suspects and referred to our DMC cum DOTS centre. Out of these only 287 (121 HIV positive, 166 HIV negative) reached at our DMC cum DOTS Centre. Among 121 HIV positive there were 81 had tuberculosis of which 31 were bacillary. Among 166 HIV-negative patients 49 had tuberculosis out of which 15 were smear positive. The detailed analysis will be presented in conference.   Conclusions:  RNTCP and ICTC Cross referral was found highly useful strategy.
More Protection Against Plague
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
“Cristal Tachycardias”: Origin of Right Atrial Tachycardias From the Crista Terminalis Identified by Intracardiac Echocardiography 11All editorial decisions for this article, including selection of referees, were made by a Guest Editor. This policy applies to all articles with authors from the University of California San Francisco.
Authors: Jonathan M Kalman, Jeffrey E Olgin, Martin R Karch, Mohamed Hamdan, Randall J Lee, Michael D Lesh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Rifaximin Treatment in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Praveen Sharma, Barjesh Chander Sharma
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: Bass et al. (March 25 issue)1 conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing 6-month rifaximin therapy with placebo in patients with chronic liver disease who were in remission from recurrent hepatic encephalopathy. They found that rifaximin not only maintained remission more effectively than placebo but also significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization for hepatic encephalopathy. Nevertheless, several issues deserve discussion. First, since infection or gastrointestinal bleeding is known to precipitate an episode of hepatic encephalopathy,2 the authors should provide data on the frequency of breakthrough episodes without precipitating factors to reduce the confounding effects. Second, patients with cirrhosis usually have complications associated with infections caused by enteric bacteria. Because of the antimicrobial effect of rifaximin against enteric bacteria, patients who received this drug appeared to have fewer episodes of bacteremia, sepsis, or bacterial peritonitis than did those receiving placebo (3 of 140 patients in the rifaximin group vs. 8 of 159 patients in the placebo group). However, whether the frequency of recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis could be reduced or prevented by the prophylactic use of rifaximin deserves further investigation.3 Chia-Chi Wang, M.D.
Aprotinin Decreases Postoperative Bleeding and Number of Transfusions in Patients on Clopidogrel Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Jan van der Linden, Gabriella Lindvall, Ulrik Sartipy
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Clopidogrel, an irreversible platelet inhibitor, is used to treat patients with unstable angina. These patients often present for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and are at increased risk for perioperative bleeding. The current investigation evaluates the impact of aprotinin on bleeding and transfusion requirements in clopidogrel-treated patients undergoing CABG. Methods and Results— Seventy-five consecutive patients with unstable angina, administered clopidogrel &lt;5 days before CABG, were randomized. Using a double-blind design, patients received full-dose aprotinin (n =37) or saline (n =38). Elapsed times between the last dose of clopidogrel and start of the operation were similar between the 2 groups [aprotinin, 58±28 hour (mean± SD); control, 54±27 hour; P =0.86], as were age (aprotinin, 66.4±10 years; control, 68.3±10 years; P =0.51), number of distal anastomoses (aprotinin, 3.6±1.0; control, 3.7±1.0; P =0.79), operative times (aprotinin, 192±48 minutes; control, 200±53 minutes; P =0.55), and lowest intraoperative hemoglobin level (aprotinin, 87±14 g/L; control, 88±14 g/L; P =0.60). Postoperative bleeding was 760±350 mL in aprotinin-treated patients versus 1200±570 mL ( P &lt;0.001) in control. During the hospital stay, patients in the aprotinin group received 1.2±1.5 and 0.1±0.4 U of erythrocytes and platelets, respectively, versus 2.8±3.2 ( P =0.02) and 0.9±1.4 ( P =0.002) units in the control. In the aprotinin group, 53% of patients received transfusions, whereas 79% of controls were exposed to blood products ( P =0.02). Conclusions— Intraoperative aprotinin decreases postoperative bleeding and the number of transfusions in patients undergoing CABG and treated with clopidogrel &lt;5 days before surgery.
Abstract 15524: Diaphragmatic Breathing Retraining Intervention to Improve Dyspnea, Physical Activity, and Functional Status in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Yaewon Seo, Bernice Yates, Bunny Pozehl, Joseph Norman, Louise LaFramboise, Melody Hertzog
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Dyspnea and its consequences (decreased physical activity [PA] and functional status) are main contributors to disability in patients with heart failure (HF) and are associated with poorer quality of life and more hospital readmissions. The objective of this feasibility study was to examine the effects of a Deep Breathing Retraining (DBR) intervention vs. attention control (AC) group in improving dyspnea, PA, and functional status in HF patients. We hypothesized that the primary effect of the DBR intervention would be to reduce dyspnea and, in turn, increase PA and improve functional status. We used an experimental, two-group (n=18/group), repeated measures design to recruit rural patients with NYHA functional class II-IV HF. The DBR group received information and practiced DBR for 8 weeks at home, guided by social cognitive theory concepts through 4 telephone calls. The AC group received general health information through 4 telephone calls. Measures were: dyspnea by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, and two investigator-developed measures of dyspnea with activities of daily living (ADLs) and physical functioning; PA by the ActiGraph accelerometer; and functional status by the 6-Minute Walk Test. Data were collected at baseline, 8 weeks (post-intervention), and 5 months after baseline and were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance controlling for age, gender, comorbidities, and baselines scores for each variable. Effect sizes were used to interpret the results (η2 small effect size=.01, medium=.06, large=.13). In the DBR group, mean adherence rate was 93%. Compared to the AC group, the DBR group reported more daily minutes of PA and kcals expended (ESs>.14), and performed better on the 6-MWT (ES=.11). In contrast, the DBR intervention only had a small effect on reducing dyspnea (ES=.02). In conclusion, the DBR intervention demonstrated promising preliminary results in increasing physical activity and functional status but not by reducing dyspnea as initially hypothesized. DBR patients may have increased their physical activity levels in response to the intervention because they were instructed to use DBR while engaging in all ADLs. Further exploration of the theoretical mechanism of the intervention is needed.
Transporters that translocate nucleosides and structural similar drugs: structural requirements for substrate recognition
Authors: Pedro Cano‐Soldado, Marçal Pastor‐Anglada
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2011)

Abstract Nucleoside transporters (NT) are integral membrane proteins implicated in the salvage of natural nucleobases and nucleosides for nucleic acid synthesis. These proteins also play a crucial role as carriers of nucleoside analogs used in anticancer and antiviral therapies. In fact, differential expression patterns of NT subtypes among tissues and individuals as well as the existence of genetic variants affect nucleoside‐derived drug permeation, and consequently, their pharmacokinetic and cytotoxic properties. Thus, NT expression patterns may be effective predictive markers of therapeutic response. While the structures of NT proteins are yet to be solved, specific residues responsible for interaction with substrates and inhibitors have been identified, providing further insights into their structure‐function relationship. In addition to transporter structural features, several experimental approaches have been used to identify the structural requirements of nucleosides for interaction with Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters and Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters (SLC28 and SLC29 gene families, respectively). Pharmacophore models proposed for both protein families may prove suitable for optimizing drug design. Additional transporter proteins, including Organic Anion Transporters, Organic Cation Transporters (members of the SLC22 gene family), and Peptide Transporters (SLC15 gene family), have been implicated in the uptake of nucleoside‐derived drugs, particularly those currently used in antiviral therapies. In this review, we focus on the pharmacological profiles of these transporter proteins, summarizing the documented studies covering structure‐function and substrate structural requirement properties that determine drug‐carrier interaction and efficient substrate translocation across the plasma membrane of target cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev