tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies of Isolated Fetal Mouse Hearts in Organ Culture
Authors: Kern Wildenthal, Jacquline R. Wakeland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Definitive confirmation or denial of the hypothesis that thyrotoxic hearts are supersensitive to catecholamines has been difficult to obtain, largely because secondary alterations in neural and humoral factors that occur after thyroid administration in vivo may obscure the primary changes induced by the hormone on the myocardium itself. To study the direct action of thyroid hormone apart from secondary factors, thyrotoxicosis should be induced in isolated hearts in vitro, but the slow onset of thyroid action plus the rapid deterioration of conventional in vitro preparations have precluded such experiments.Recen'ly a method was developed for maintaining intact, spontaneously-beating hearts from late-fetal mice in organ culture for several weeks. When 5 x 10(-7) to 5 x 10(-6)m l-triiodothyronine is added to the culture medium arrhythmias and or tachycardia gradually appear, just as in thyrotoxicosis in vivo. Accordingly, these "thyrotoxic" hearts were used in the present experiments to test for altered responsiveness to norepinephrine. Dose-response curves to norepinephrine were identical for hearts maintained for 3 hr in triiodothyro-nine-treated or control medium. After 2 days, however, the curve was shifted to the left in triiodothyronine-treated hearts. Thus, 10(-8)m norepinephrine increased the atrial rate by 20+/-6.1 (sem) beats/min in hearts exposed to 5 x 10(-6)m triiodothyronine and by 1+/-3.0 in control hearts (P < 0.02); 10(-7)m norepinephrine raised the rate by 79+/-22.3 in treated hearts vs. 17+/-9.8 in controls (P < 0.05). At maximal doses (10(-6)m norepinephrine), increases were identical. In addition, norepinephrine (10(-8)-10(-6)m) induced arrhythmias in 56% of treated hearts vs. 14% of controls (P < 0.01). Thus, in a precisely controlled environment free of differences in neural and humoral factors, triiodothyronine can act directly on the fetal mouse heart to enhance sensitivity to norepinephrine.
Contamination and carry-over in clinical pharmacokinetic trials with aerosolized budesonide
Authors: Dominik Kappeler, Daniela Zanker, Barbara Daumann, Oliver Eickelberg, Thomas Meyer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Contamination and carry-over by active drug components is a major issue, especially in pharmacokinetic studies carried out with aerosolized substances. Measures to avoid contamination and carry-over in blood samples remain poorly standardized and validated.   Objective:  To investigate the space- and time-related distribution pattern of budesonide aerosolized via MDI.   Methods:  A matrix of crystallization dishes was set up in a measurement chamber. One puff of budesonide MDI (184 μg emitted dose, 200 μg nominal dose) was aerosolized and aerosol was allowed to sediment for 0.25 to 6.5 hours. Recovery of budesonide in the crystallization dishes was measured via HPLC and correlated to time course and spatial matrix.   Results:  In 1 m distance of actuating the MDI, a mean recovery of budesonide of 0.688 μg after 0.25 hours and 1.423 μg after 6.5 hours was observed. The surface concentration in 1 m distance was 9.7 ng/cm 2  after 0.25 hours and 20.1 ng/cm 2  after 6.5 hours.   Conclusion:  This study is a valid basis for risk assessment of carry-over effects in clinical trials with aerosolized drugs. Regarding surface concentrations in the nanogram range as shown in our study compared to serum drug concentrations in the picogram range as determined in pharmacokinetic trials, carry-over effects via aerosols seem probable. Further studies to determine the extent and origin of these effects will therefore be performed.
Features of lung damage in adult patients with severe influenza A (H1N1)
Authors: Olga Titova, Dmitry Larin, Vladimir Volchkov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Methods:  445 adult patients (36,5±13,5 years) were hospitalized with a suspected influenza A (H1N1) from October 2009 to January 2010. In 84% of cases diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR test. Clinical, laboratory, and X-ray examinations, complex study of respiratory function were carried out.  Given the threat of influenza pandemic in 2011 the aim was the study of detection frequency, risk factors for lung damage, and features of convalescence period in patients with severe influenza A (H1N1).   Results:  The average score on Charlson index was 1,55±0,90. In 181 patients pneumonia was diagnosed, double pneumonia - in 23% of cases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome developed in 12 patients and they needed in ventilation support. Four patients died within 20 days (IQR of 10-25). The relative risk of death was associated with higher estimates for Charlson index (RR 1,38; 95% CI 1,04 to 1,82, p=0,02) and APACHE II scale (RR 1,242; 95% CI 1,284 to 1.602, p=0,005). In convalescents the increased lung pattern on radiographs (39%), decreased lung diffusion capacity (45%), restrictive changes (15%) were the most frequent and long-lasting changes. 28% of patients having these changes applied for medical care within 6 months after being discharged.   Conclusion:  The high score on Charlson index and APACHE II scale are risk factors for development of severe pneumonia in presence of influenza A (H1N1). Changes of ventilation functional tests associated with persistent disorders of pulmonary circulation remain for long time in 45% of patients undergoing pneumonia. This group of patients is of particular interest and requires further observation.
Sunlight Exposure and Risk of Developing Cutaneous and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas in White Cats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C R Dorn, D O Taylor, R Schneider
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Journal Article Sunlight Exposure and Risk of Developing Cutaneous and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas in White Cats Get access C. Richard Dorn, D.V.M., M.P.H., C. Richard Dorn, D.V.M., M.P.H. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201, and Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California State Department of Public Health, Berkeley, California 94704 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. O. N. Taylor, D.V.M., Ph.D., D. O. N. Taylor, D.V.M., Ph.D. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201, and Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California State Department of Public Health, Berkeley, California 94704 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Schneider, D.V.M., M.S. Robert Schneider, D.V.M., M.S. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201, and Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California State Department of Public Health, Berkeley, California 94704 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 46, Issue 5, May 1971, Pages 1073–1078, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/46.5.1073 Published: 01 May 1971 Article history Received: 08 December 1970 Accepted: 08 January 1971 Published: 01 May 1971
Coronary heart disease: outlook for Africa
Authors: A R P Walker, P Sareli
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1997)

In Africa, coronary heart disease (CHD) is near absent in rural areas, and very uncommon in urban centres, where many Africans are in an advanced stage of transition. Among town dwellers intakes of food, especially fat, have risen and intakes of fibre-containing foods have fallen. Mean serum cholesterol level is almost double that of rural populations living traditionally. Obesity in females has risen enormously. Prevalence of hypertension exceeds that in the white population. The same applies to the practice of smoking in males, but not in females. The level of physical activity has fallen generally. With these increases in risk factors we can expect urban Africans to attain the high mortality rate for CHD now experienced by Afro-Americans. Prevention by urging reversion to previous life-style behaviour is a non-starter. However, as long as Africa remains impoverished, a major rise in CHD is unlikely.
Molecular and immunophenotypic characterization of AIDS-associated, Epstein-Barr virus-negative, polyclonal lymphoma.
Authors: B Shiramizu, B Herndier, T Meeker, L Kaplan, M McGrath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE A molecular analysis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) from patients with AIDS was undertaken to determine the prevalence and immunophenotype of polyclonal B-cell lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA was extracted from 40 diagnostic biopsy specimens obtained from patients seen at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) between 1986 and 1990. Clonality, infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and presence of a rearranged c-myc gene were determined by Southern blot analysis. Lymphoma immunophenotypes were determined by frozen-section immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The most prevalent genotype of lymphoma in this study was that of polyclonal, EBV-negative tumors with no evidence of c-myc rearrangement (14 of 40; 35%). Monoclonal, EBV-positive tumors with no evidence of c-myc rearrangement comprised the second most prevalent class (10 of 40; 25%), and polyclonal, EBV-positive tumors similar to those seen in transplant patients were observed in only a small subset (three of 40; 8%) of specimens analyzed. The immunophenotype of B cells in the polyclonal EBV-negative subset was equally divided into B-cell-predominant and mixed-phenotype lymphomas, with the latter category containing numerous infiltrating T cells. The B cells in each category were immunoglobulin M-positive (IgM+), CD20+, CD21-. All but one of the polyclonal NHLs had large-cell histology. CONCLUSIONS EBV-negative, AIDS-associated, polyclonal B-cell lymphoma appears to be a new class of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated disease more prevalent in the current study than any other molecular subclass. The absence of CD21, the EBV receptor, may explain in part the absence of EBV within this polyclonal B-cell population.
Insulin Stimulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis in Human Breast Cancer Cells: Brief Communication
Authors: Marie E. Monaco, C. Kent Osborne, Marc E. Lippman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Four human breast cancer cell lines were tested for their response to hormones with respect to the lactational function, fatty acid synthesis. Physiologic concentrations of insulin enhanced the incorporation of [14C]acetate into fatty acids in two of four cell lines tested. All cell lines had specific, high-affinity insulin receptors; therefore, the failure of two lines to respond could not be attributed to the absence of receptor. The effect of insulin involved an increase in the maximum velocity of incorporation rather than a decrease in the Michaelis constant.
WHO should be able to impose sanctions on states that ban travel to countries with epidemics, panel says
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The World Health Organization should have greater power to stop countries imposing trade and travel barriers on regions affected by outbreaks of infectious disease, the chair of a panel looking into WHO’s handling of the Ebola outbreak has said.

Barbara Stocking, chair of the Ebola interim assessment panel, told the World Health Assembly in Geneva that WHO should have increased powers to act in emergencies, saying that it should have more powers such as imposing sanctions on countries that try to cut off trade and travel with states affected by infectious disease outbreaks, such as Ebola virus disease.

Stocking, a former chief executive of the UK charity Oxfam, said that there were serious disincentives to countries declaring an outbreak and that those that did declare early should be compensated. “Our concern is to ensure that there …
Etiology of Burkitt's Lymphoma—an Alternative Hypothesis to a Vectored Virus
Authors: Denis P. Burkitt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

The accumulated knowledge of the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and experimental aspects of Burkitt's lymphoma has been considered collectively with regard to the possible etiology. Present evidence strongly suggests an association with both chronic malaria and some virus, the malarial association determining the geographical distribution of the disease. The most tenable hypothesis consistent with all our observed facts is that tumor formation results from interaction between some virus or viruses and a reticuloendothelial system altered by chronic and heavy infection by malarial or other parasites.
Chemoprophylaxis in Major Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: C H Raine, C A Bartzokas, P M Stell, A Gallway, J E Corkill
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

Wound infections are a significant complication following major oncological head and neck surgery. In view of the controversy surrounding the use of chemoprophylaxis a controlled trial was designed. Intravenous Augmentin (amoxycillin and clavulanic acid) was shown to reduce significantly ( P &lt; 0.025) the incidence of postoperative sepsis.
Abstract 5766: 3.0 Tesla MRI Carotid Wall Shear Stress Measurements: Reproducibility and Association with Mean Wall Area in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Raphael Duivenvoorden, Eric de Groot, Ramzi Amri, Erik S Stroes, Ed T van Bavel, Johan S Lameris, John J Kastelein, Aart N Nederveen
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction Wall Shear Stress (WSS) is an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Aims of this study were to assess reproducibility of carotid WSS quantification using 3.0 Tes...
Time for a More Unified Approach to Pediatric Health Care Policy?
Authors: Sara K. Pasquali, Justin B. Dimick, Richard G. Ohye
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Benznidazole Does Not Affect Chagas Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of local recurrence with subsequent survival in extremity soft tissue sarcoma.
Authors: J J Lewis, D Leung, M Heslin, J M Woodruff, M F Brennan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyze local recurrence in a large cohort of prospectively followed patients with primary extremity soft tissue sarcoma. In particular, we analyzed the correlation of local recurrence with subsequent metastasis and disease-specific survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who underwent treatment for primary extremity soft tissue sarcoma from July 1982 through July 1995 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center were the subject of this study. Local recurrence, distant metastasis, and disease-specific survival were used as end points of the study. The influence of local recurrence on subsequent distant metastasis and disease-specific survival were examined using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS We treated 911 patients, of whom 297 (33%) developed recurrent disease. Local recurrence occurred in 116 patients (13%), metastasis in 167 (18%), and synchronous local recurrence and metastasis in 13 (2%). Of 116 patients who developed local recurrence, 38 subsequently developed metastasis and 34 died of disease. Metastasis after local recurrence was predicted in patients with initial high-grade (P = .005; risk = 3.5) or deep (P = .02; risk = 2.9) tumors. Tumor mortality after local recurrence was predicted in patients with initial high-grade (P = .007; risk = 3.7) or large (&gt; 5 cm; P = .01; risk = 3.2) primary tumors. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that there is a strong association of local recurrence with the development of subsequent metastasis and tumor mortality, and that local recurrence is a poor prognostic factor. It would seem prudent to consider patients who develop local recurrence and have high-grade tumors as being at high risk for systemic disease and therefore eligible for investigational adjuvant systemic therapy.
Children’s health priorities and interventions
Authors: Wilson M Were, Bernadette Daelmans, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Trevor Duke, Rajiv Bahl, Cynthia Boschi-Pinto, Mark Young, Eric Starbuck, Maharaj K Bhan
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Wilson Were and colleagues </b>explain why the global community should continue to invest in children's health, to complete the unfinished child survival agenda and tackle the emerging child health priorities
Positron emission tomography evaluation of residual radiographic abnormalities in postchemotherapy germ cell tumor patients.
Authors: A W Stephens, R Gonin, G D Hutchins, L H Einhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE This study was performed to assess the ability of positron emission tomography (PET) to differentiate residual radiographic abnormalities in postchemotherapy nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (GCT) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients with nonseminomatous GCT were evaluated with PET scans before surgical resection of a residual mass or masses. Standardized uptake values (SUV) were calculated for the region of maximal 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and compared with histologic findings. RESULTS Eleven patients had necrosis/fibrosis in the resected specimen, 15 had teratoma, and four viable GCT. The median SUV for the necrosis/fibrosis group was 2.86, teratoma 3.07, and viable GCT 8.81. A significant association between SUV and histology was found when comparing viable GCT versus necrosis/fibrosis plus teratoma (P = .004). Patients with an SUV greater than 5 were 75 times more likely to have viable cancer than teratoma or necrosis/fibrosis (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval, 3.66 to 1,536). PET did not differentiate necrosis/fibrosis from teratoma. However, PET was able to differentiate viable GCT from residual necrosis/fibrosis or teratoma. CONCLUSION PET-FDG imaging can be useful for detection of residual viable carcinoma following chemotherapy in nonseminomatous GCT patients with residual masses. It may be a valuable adjunct in the determination of which patients should undergo postchemotherapy resection.
PCD - As serious as CF in every day lung clinic?
Authors: Annika Hollsing
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background : Cystic fibrosis, CF, and Primary cilia dyskinesia, PCD, have very different genetic background, but present very similar in clinic with vicious mucus, bacteria, bronchiectasis and negatively affected lung function. Our regimen involves mucolytica, inhalations, airway clearance and anti-bacterial treatment regardless of diagnosis, but in all cases individualized.

Aim of study : to see whether PCD patients as a group were as affected as CF patients.

Patients: All patients, CF and PCD, seen regularly at our clinic were compared as a whole group and also in an age and gender matched subgroup of 21 pairs.

Results: When comparing lung function in the two groups, FEV1, (in percentage of expected for age and length) showed, to our surprise, to be worse for the PCD group, both in the main group and in the subgroup.

The bronchiectases are evaluated separately and will be presented at the Conference.

There were more, but not exclusively, pseudomonas infections in the CF group – 38 vs 14 %. There was no B.cepacia or S.maltophilia in the PCD group.

The BMI was as expected a little lower in the CF group.

Conclusions: The more affected lung function amongst the PCD patients could be due to later diagnosis and less importance given to lung treatment. The focus on early diagnosis, effective inhalation and treatment regimen in the CF group have resulted in better results despite the very complex and severe disease.