tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OBLITERATING SYPHILITIC ARTERITIS
Authors: LYLE MOTLEY
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Obliteration of the larger arterial trunks when due to atheroma, arteriosclerosis or Buerger's disease is a fairly familiar clinical condition. Syphilitic obliteration of the larger vessels, however, would appear from the literature to be a fairly uncommon condition and is not seen often in clinical practice. The case here reported initiated a search of the literature on the subject and while numerous reports were found of obliteration of the larger vessels as a result of arteriosclerosis and atheroma, the percentage of cases in which the obliteration was due to syphilis would suggest that our case represents a fairly rare condition, or at least one that escapes clinical notice. Encroachment on, and at times complete obliteration of, the orifices of coronaries are frequently seen at postmortem as the result of syphilis of the aorta. However, the larger vessels which leave the aorta are apparently but rarely involved by the syphilitic process
<i>RIL</i>, a LIM Gene on 5q31, Is Silenced by Methylation in Cancer and Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Apoptosis
Authors: Yanis A. Boumber, Yutaka Kondo, Xuqi Chen, Lanlan Shen, Vazganush Gharibyan, Kazuo Konishi, Elihu Estey, Hagop Kantarjian, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Jean-Pierre J. Issa
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Gene silencing associated with promoter methylation can inactivate tumor suppressor genes (TSG) in cancer. We identified RIL, a LIM domain gene mapping to 5q31, a region frequently deleted in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), as methylated in 55 of 79 (70%) of cancer cell lines tested. In a variety of primary tumors, we found RIL methylation in 55 of 92 (60%) cases, with highest methylation in AML and colon cancer, and in 30 of 83 (36%) MDS samples, whereas normal tissues showed either absence or substantially lower levels of methylation, which correlates with age. RIL is ubiquitously expressed but silenced in methylated cancers and could be reactivated by the hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Restoring RIL expression in colon cancer cells by stable transfection resulted in reduced cell growth and clonogenicity and an ∼2.0-fold increase in apoptosis following UV exposure. In MDS, RIL methylation is a marker of adverse prognosis independent of chromosome 5 and 7 deletions. Our data suggest that RIL is a good candidate TSG silenced by hypermethylation in cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):1997–2005]
Pegylated interferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin in patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C: The role of rapid and early virologic response
Authors: Sanaa M. Kamal, Samer S. El Kamary, Michelle D. Shardell, Mohamed Hashem, Imad N. Ahmed, Mohamed Muhammadi, Khalifa Sayed, Ashraf Moustafa, Sarah Abdel Hakem, Amany Ibrahiem, Mohamed Moniem, Hoda Mansour, Mohamed Abdelaziz
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

In patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4, the optimum duration of therapy and the predictors of sustained virologic response (SVR) have not been adequately determined. In this study, 358 patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 were randomly assigned to pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) alpha-2b (1.5 mug/kg/week) plus oral ribavirin (10.6 mg/kg/day) for a fixed duration of 48 weeks (control group, n = 50) or for a variable duration (n = 318). In the variable-duration group, patients with undetectable HCV RNA at week 4 were treated for 24 weeks (group A, n = 69), patients with undetectable HCV RNA at week 12 were treated for 36 weeks (group B, n = 79), and the rest of the patients were treated for 48 weeks (group C, n = 160). The primary endpoint was SVR (undetectable HCV RNA 24 weeks after treatment cessation). Groups A-C and the control group had SVR rates of 86%, 76%, 56%, and 58%, respectively. After the study was controlled for predictors, a low baseline histologic grade and stage were associated with SVR (P < 0.029) in all groups. In addition, among patients in group C, older age (P = 0.04), a higher baseline body mass index (P = 0.013), and low baseline HCV RNA (P < 0.001) were also associated with SVR attainment. The incidence of adverse events and the rate of discontinuation were higher in patients in the variable-duration and fixed-duration groups treated for 48 weeks.In patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 and undetectable HCV RNA at weeks 4 and 12, treatment with PEG-IFN alpha-2b and ribavirin for 24 weeks and 36 weeks, respectively, is sufficient.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema
Authors: Marvin L. Murphy, James Adamson, Fred Hutcheson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

The causes and prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in 72 patients with an unequivocal clinical diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and emphysema associated with severe hypoxemia and hypercarbia were studied by inflated lung specimens (45 patients), postmortem coronary angiograms, specific heart chamber weights, and a review of hospital records. Twenty patients (28%) had left ventricular hypertrophy; 10 of these 20 patients had hypertensive or arteriosclerotic heart disease, or both. Two patients had occult aortic valve disease. Because the criteria used to determine that the left ventricular hypertrophy was caused by hypertensive cardiovascular disease were so stringent, probably some of the patients in whom the cause was assumed to be unknown actually had hypertensive cardiovascular disease. In most cases, left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema results from associated disease states that are known to cause cardiac hypertrophy.
The outcome of targeting community mental health services: evidence from the West Lambeth schizophrenia cohort
Authors: A S Conway, D Melzer, A S Hale
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To report outcome of targeting community mental health services to people with schizophrenia in an inner London district who had been shown, one year after discharge, to have high levels of psychotic symptomatology and social disability but very low levels of supported housing and structured day activity. <b>Design</b> : Repeat interview survey of symptoms, disability, and receipt of care four years after index discharge. Setting - Inner London health district with considerable social deprivation and a mental hospital in the process of closure. <b>Subjects</b>: 51 patients originally aged 20-65 years who satisfied the research diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Contact with services during the three months before interview, levels of symptoms (from present state examination),global social disability rating. <b>Results</b>: 65% (33/51) of the study group had been readmitted at least once in the three years between surveys. Recent contacts with community psychiatric nurses and rates of hospital admission increased (8 at one year v 24 at four years, p&lt;0.01; 5 v 13, p&lt;0.06). Conversely, fewer patients were in contact with social workers (17 v 7, p&lt;0.03). Proportions in supported housing, day care, or sheltered work did not change. Unemployment rates remained very high. A considerable reduction (almost a halving) in psychiatric symptoms was observed, but there was no significant change in mean levels of20social disability. <b>Conclusions</b>: The policy of targeting the long term mentally ill resulted in significant increases in professional psychiatric input ot the cohort but failed to improve access to social workers or suitable accommodation. Improvements in social functioning did not follow from reductions in the proportions of patients with psychotic mental states. Social interventions are likely to be crucial to achieving the Health of the Nation target of improving social functioning for the seriously mentally ill, as improving mental state seems in itself to be insufficient.
Abstract A78: MUC1 drives c-Met-dependent migration and scattering
Authors: Teresa M. Horm, Benjamin G. Bitler, Derrick M. Broka, Jeanne Louderbough, Joyce A. Schroeder
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The transmembrane mucin MUC1 is overexpressed in most ductal carcinomas, and its overexpression is frequently associated with metastatic progression. MUC1 can drive tumor initiation and progression via interactions with many oncogenic partners, including β-catenin, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Src. The decoy peptide PMIP (Protein transduction domain MUC1 Inhibitory Peptide) has been shown to inhibit the tumor promoting activities of MUC1 in breast and lung cancer, including cell growth and invasion, and its usage suppresses metastatic progression in mouse models of breast cancer. To further characterize the reduced metastasis observed upon PMIP treatment, we performed motility assays and observed that PMIP inhibits cell motility of breast cancer cells. To determine the mechanism by which PMIP inhibits motility, we evaluated changes in global gene transcription upon PMIP treatment, and identified a number of genes with altered expression in response to PMIP. Among these genes is the metastatic mediator, c-Met, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that can promote cell scattering, migration and invasion. To further investigate the role of c-Met in MUC1-dependent metastatic events, we evaluated the effects of MUC1 expression and EGFR activation on breast cancer cell scattering, branching and migration. We found that MUC1 strongly promoted all of these events and this effect was further amplified by EGF treatment. Importantly, the effect of MUC1 and EGF on these phenotypes was dependent upon c-Met activity. Overall, these results indicate that PMIP can block the expression of a key metastatic mediator, further advancing its potential use as a clinical therapeutic. Citation Format: Teresa M. Horm, Benjamin G. Bitler, Derrick M. Broka, Jeanne Louderbough, Joyce A. Schroeder. MUC1 drives c-Met-dependent migration and scattering. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A78.
Effect of Intensive Glycemic Control and Diabetes Complications on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Stephen K. Van Den Eeden, Aruna V. Sarma, Brandy N. Rutledge, Patricia A. Cleary, John W. Kusek, Leroy M. Nyberg, Kevin T. McVary, Hunter Wessells
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Although diabetes is known to result in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men, it remains unclear if glycemic control can mitigate urinary symptoms. We studied how diabetic characteristics are related to LUTS in the men who completed the urological assessment component (UroEDIC) of the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) follow-up study of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) participants.Study participants were men who completed the UroEDIC questionnaire at the year 10 DCCT/EDIC follow-up examination, which included data on genitourinary tract function and the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUASI). Analyses were conducted to assess how treatment arm and diabetes characteristics were associated with LUTS using logistic regression.Of the 591 men who completed the AUASI questions, nearly 20% (n = 115) had AUASI scores in the moderate to severe category for LUTS (AUASI score >or=8). No associations were observed between LUTS and treatment arm, or A1C levels at the DCCT baseline or end-of-study or at the year 10 EDIC (UroEDIC) examination. Of the diabetes complications studied, only erectile dysfunction at the UroEDIC examination was associated with LUTS.These data from the UroEDIC cohort do not support the assumption that intensive glycemic control results in decreased lower urinary tract symptom severity in men with type 1 diabetes. This result may be due to a true lack of effect, or it may be due to other factors, for example, the relatively young age of the cohort.
Can Patients With Relapsed, Previously Untreated, Stage I Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Be Successfully Treated With Salvage Therapy?
Authors: Desiree F. Kolomainen, Roger A’Hern, Fareeda Y. Coxon, Cyril Fisher, D. Michael King, Peter R. Blake, Desmond P.J. Barton, John H. Shepherd, Stanley B. Kaye, Martin E. Gore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has been controversial. We have previously reported the cases of patients managed with a policy of observation only. We now present the salvage rate for the patients in that study who experienced relapse.One hundred ninety-four patients with stage I EOC presenting between 1980 and 1994 received no adjuvant chemotherapy, but were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy at relapse. We calculated the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the whole cohort and the salvage rate for those who experienced relapse. We defined salvage as freedom from relapse for 5 years after platinum treatment.Sixty-one (31%) of 194 patients experienced relapse, and 55 received platinum-based chemotherapy. Twenty-four percent were progression-free at 5 years after this treatment. Clear-cell histology and cyst rupture before the patients' original surgery were independent prognostic factors for PFS after salvage chemotherapy. The OS for all 194 patients is 72% at 10 years (median follow-up, 8.7 years), with an 80% disease-specific survival (DSS).We have shown that some patients with stage I EOC can be successfully treated with a salvage chemotherapy regimen after a policy of observation only. Interestingly, approximately 30% of stage I patients who die within 10 years do so from causes other than EOC (OS, 72%; DSS, 80%). Our findings need to be taken into consideration when the results from recent randomized trials of adjuvant chemotherapy in this patient population (International Collaborative Ovarian Neoplasm Trial 1/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Ovarian Neoplasm Trial) are being discussed with patients.
Alternative management procedures should be used
Authors: J Watt
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The report by Finfer et al highlights the fact that patients can survive extreme haemodilution and that alternative non-blood management works. The first patient survived despite a haemoglobin concentration of 16 g/l, among the lowest reported.1,2

The integrity of the two young men has to be admired. Confronted with a life threatening situation they firmly held to the counsel given to Christians, and accepted by Jehovah's Witnesses, to “abstain from blood.”3,4 The specialists clearly understood their legal and ethical obligations to …
Psychoactive Drug Use and AIDS
Authors: Don C. Des Jarlais, Samuel R. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Kaslow and colleagues<sup>1</sup>recently reported the lack of any effect of psychoactive drug use on development of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease or CD4 cell loss among homosexual men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. In their discussion, they misstated the results of our study of potential cofactors for CD4 cell loss among intravenous drug users.<sup>2</sup>We did not report "intravenous drug users who ceased or diminished their use of drugs were less likely to show evidence of progressive HIV type 1 infection than those who continued their drug use," as stated by Kaslow and colleagues.<sup>1</sup>We looked at CD4 cell loss as a function of drug injection frequency during followup. We found a loss of CD4 cells primarily "at the higher levels of drug injection (greater than 45 injections per month)," and noted that "at low to moderate levels of drug injection
The biologic properties of leukemias arising from BCR/ABL-mediated transformation vary as a function of developmental origin and activity of the p19ARF gene
Authors: Pin-Yi Wang, Fay Young, Chun-Yu Chen, Brett M. Stevens, Sarah J. Neering, Randall M. Rossi, Timothy Bushnell, Igor Kuzin, David Heinrich, Andrea Bottaro, Craig T. Jordan
Journal: Blood (2008)
A New Self-Twisting Polypectomy Snare
Authors: E. Frimberger
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

In contrast to the hitherto available polypectomy snares the newly designed snare for endoscopic polypectomy offers the following advantages: when the tip of the endoscope is directed towards the polyp the snare turns automatically into a position parallel to the polyp-bearing bowel wall. "Combusting ulcers" are avoided, a homogenous circular flow of electric current is guaranteed.
A rat mammary tumor model induced by the organophosphorous pesticides parathion and malathion, possibly through acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
Authors: G Cabello, M Valenzuela, A Vilaxa, V Durán, I Rudolph, N Hrepic, G Calaf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Environmental chemicals may be involved in the etiology of breast cancers. Many studies have addressed the association between cancer in humans and agricultural pesticide exposure. Organophosphorous pesticides have been used extensively to control mosquito plagues. Parathion and malathion are organophosphorous pesticides extensively used to control a wide range of sucking and chewing pests of field crops, fruits, and vegetables. They have many structural similarities with naturally occurring compounds, and their primary target of action in insects is the nervous system; they inhibit the release of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase at the synaptic junction. Eserine, parathion, and malathion are cholinesterase inhibitors responsible for the hydrolysis of body choline esters, including acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses. Atropine, a parasympatholytic alkaloid, is used as an antidote to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The aim of this study was to examine whether pesticides were able to induce malignant transformation of the rat mammary gland and to determine whether alterations induced by these substances increase the cholinergic activation influencing such transformation. These results showed that eserine, parathion, and malathion increased cell proliferation of terminal end buds of the 44-day-old mammary gland of rats, followed by formation of 8.6, 14.3, and 24.3% of mammary carcinomas, respectively, after about 28 months. At the same time, acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in the serum of these animals from 9.78 +/- 0.78 U/mL in the control animals to 3.05 +/- 0.06 U/mL; 2.57 +/- 0.15 U/mL; and 3.88 +/- 0.44 U/mL in the eserine-, parathion-, and malathion-treated groups, respectively. However, atropine alone induced a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity from the control value of 9.78 +/- 0.78 to 4.38 +/- 0.10 for atropine alone, to 1.32 +/- 0.06 for atropine in combination with eserine, and 2.39 +/- 0.29 for atropine with malathion, and there was no mammary tumor formation. These results indicate that organophosphorous pesticides induce changes in the epithelium of mammary gland influencing the process of carcinogenesis, and such alterations occur at the level of nervous system by increasing the cholinergic stimulation.
Negative ion mass spectra of some polychlorinated 2-phenoxyphenols.
Authors: K L Busch, A Norström, C A Nilsson, M M Bursey, J R Hass
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Polychlorinated 2-phenoxyphenols were studied by negative ion mass spectrometry. Common to almost all of the methane enhanced negative ion mass spectra were (M-1)-, (M-36-)-., (M-37)-, (M-72)-., and chorinated quinoxide ions. The (M-36)-. ion does not apparently form in a mechanism analogous to the thermal or photochemical ring closure of these compounds to form the chlorinated dioxins. The chlorinated quinoxide ion reflects the number of chlorines on the ring with hydroxy substituent. Collision-induced dissociation mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectra (CID-MIKES) from different isomers were qualitatively different in both the normal and charge reversed mode of operation. Comparison of these spectra with those from other classes of polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons such as the dioxins or the furans may reveal a common negative ion gas phase chemistry.
Creatine Kinase MB Isoenzyme in Dermatomyositis: A Noncardiac Source
Authors: LOUIS J. LARCA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Three patients with polymyositis had elevated serum levels of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme. The presence of this isoenzyme is used extensively to diagnose myocardial infarction, but the isoenzyme is also found in sera of patients with primary muscular and neuromuscular disorders. We studied cardiac function in two of our patients with electrocardiograms, technetium stannous pyrophosphate scanning, and technetium 99m-labeled erythrocyte gated blood pool imaging and in the third patient by postmortem examination. There was no evidence of myocardial involvement to account for the high serum levels of isoenzyme. Creatine kinase MB in the sera of patients with polymyositis does not necessarily indicate myocardial necrosis.
Incomplete Left Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: RICHARD F. LEIGHTON, JOSEPH M. RYAN, RICHARD S. GOODWIN, CHARLES F. WOOLEY, ARNOLD M. WEISSLER
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The direction of the initial 20 to 30 msec forces of multiple unipolar and transseptal bipolar intraventricular electrocardiograms was examined in five patients with and five without incomplete left bundle-branch block (LBBB) and in one patient with complete LBBB. The data obtained were consistent with preservation of the normal left-to-right and apex-to-base direction of septal depolarization in patients with apparent, incomplete LBBB. Furthermore, no evidence of electromechanical delay in the left ventricle could be ascribed to this conduction defect. Until the minute details of normal and abnormal human septal excitation become known, it is suggested that the more descriptive and less mechanistic term "initial force abnormality" be substituted for "incomplete LBBB."
What's in a baby-cry? Locationist and constructionist frameworks in parental brain responses
Authors: James E. Swain, S. Shaun Ho
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Parental brain responses to baby stimuli constitute a unique model to study brain-basis frameworks of emotion. Results for baby-cry and picture stimuli may fit with both locationist and psychological constructionist hypotheses. Furthermore, the utility of either model may depend on postpartum timing and relationship. Endocrine effects may also be critical for accurate models to assess mental health risk and treatment.