tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fast genomic μChIP-chip from 1,000 cells
Authors: John Arne Dahl, Andrew H Reiner, Philippe Collas
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

Genome-wide location analysis of histone modifications and transcription factor binding relies on chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. These assays are, however, time-consuming and require large numbers of cells, hindering their application to the analysis of many interesting cell types. We report here a fast microChIP (μChIP) assay for 1,000 cells in combination with microarrays to produce genome-scale surveys of histone modifications. μChIP-chip reliably reproduces data obtained by large-scale assays: H3K9ac and H3K9m3 enrichment profiles are conserved and nucleosome-free regions are revealed.
Psychiatric Complications of Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Stanley S. Heller, Kenneth A. Frank, James R. Malm, Frederick O. Bowman, Paul D. Harris, Maurice H. Charlton, Donald S. Kornfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Clinical observation suggested that the prevalence and severity of postcardiotomy delirium had declined in recent years. It was reasoned that a comparative analysis of a current with an earlier sample would document this decline and perhaps shed further light on the etiology of the delirium. In 67 per cent mental status remained clear. The frequency of delirium preceded by a lucid postoperative interval declined from 38 per cent in 1965 to 24 per cent in 1969. In 9 per cent there was an immediate organic brain syndrome. The following factors, evidently associated with brain dysfunction, were found to be related to the occurrence of delirium: advanced age, severity of preoperative and postoperative illness and time on cardiopulmonary bypass. The postoperative lucid interval suggested that recovery-room factors were also involved. Decreased time required on cardiopulmonary bypass appears to be a primary factor in the reduction of frequency. Modifications in the environment of the recovery room after open-heart surgery may also have contributed to the decline.
910-16 Ventricular Size and Function Early and Late After Mitral Valve Repair vs Mitral Valve Replacement for Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Detlef Wencker, Jeffrey S. Borer, Clare Hochreiter, Phyllis Supino, Richard B. Devereux, Mary J. Roman, Paul Kligfield
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Glaucoma and Associated Visual Acuity and Field Loss Significantly Affect Glaucoma-Specific Psychosocial Functioning
Authors: Errol W. Chan, Peggy P.C. Chiang, Jiemin Liao, Gwyneth Rees, Tien Y. Wong, Janice S.H. Lam, Tin Aung, Ecosse Lamoureux
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Performance parameters of the diagnostic scoring systems for autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Albert J. Czaja
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The diagnostic criteria for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have been codified by an international panel, and a revision of the original scoring system based on 12 clinical components has been promulgated. A simplified scoring system has been proposed recently that is based on four clinical components. The goals of this study were to compare the performance parameters of the revised original and the simplified scoring systems and to determine the prowess of each as a diagnostic instrument. Diagnostic scores were determined using each scoring system in 435 patients with diverse chronic liver diseases, including 153 individuals with AIH by codified clinical criteria. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictability of each scoring system for the pretreatment diagnosis of AIH were determined. The revised original scoring system had greater sensitivity for the diagnosis than the simplified scoring system (100% versus 95%), and seven patients diagnosed as AIH using the revised original system were nondiagnostic by the simplified system (5%). The revised original scoring system also ascribed a diagnosis of AIH to 20 of 21 patients with cryptogenic chronic hepatitis, whereas only five patients were similarly classified by the simplified system (95% versus 24%). The simplified system had greater specificity (90% versus 73%) and predictability (92% versus 82%) for AIH than the revised original system, and it more commonly excluded the diagnosis in other diseases with concurrent immune features (83% versus 64%).The revised original scoring system performs better in patients with few or atypical features of AIH, and the simplified system is better at excluding the diagnosis in diseases with concurrent immune manifestations. Each system has attributes that can be exploited.
GDF5 deficiency in mice is associated with instability-driven joint damage, gait and subchondral bone changes
Authors: M. Daans, F. P. Luyten, R. J. U. Lories
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Objectives</h3> A functional polymorphism leading to reduced levels of growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) was recently identified as a susceptibility factor for osteoarthritis. The authors studied the potential mechanisms of <i>GDF5</i> involvement in osteoarthritis using haploinsufficient <i>Gdf5</i><sup><i>Bp-J/+</i></sup> mice. <h3>Methods</h3> <i>Gdf5<sup>Bp-J/+</sup></i> mice were challenged in the collagenase-induced arthritis model, the medial meniscus destabilisation model, the papain-induced arthritis model and a treadmill running model. Bone density and subchondral bone parameters were determined using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative CT. Additional in-vitro and ex-vivo analyses studied cartilage metabolism, gait and collagen characteristics. <h3>Results</h3> <i>Gdf5<sup>Bp-J/+</sup></i> mice appeared phenotypically normal. No difference in osteoarthritis severity was found in the different models, with the exception of increased synovial hyperplasia in the joints of <i>Gdf5</i><sup><i>Bp-J/+</i></sup> mice in the treadmill model. However, in the collagenase-induced model severe joint damage was found in the contralateral joints of <i>Gdf5</i><sup><i>Bp-J/+</i></sup> mice. Gait analysis demonstrated an aberrant walking pattern in <i>Gdf5</i><sup><i>Bp-J/+</i></sup> mice. In addition, <i>Gdf5</i><sup><i>Bp-J/+</i></sup> mice have a decreased subchondral bone density and a distorted arrangement of collagen fibres in bone. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data suggest that decreased <i>GDF5</i> levels in mice can contribute to osteoarthritis development by different mechanisms including altered loading and subchondral bone changes. This highlights the importance of the joint as an organ with different tissues involved in joint disease.
Erratum: Corrigendum: 4-1BB-mediated immunotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Su K Seo, Jae H Choi, Young H Kim, Woo J Kang, Hye Y Park, Jae H Suh, Beom K Choi, Dass S Vinay, Byoung S Kwon
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)
Antiviral effect of HPMPC (Cidofovir®), entrapped in cationic liposomes: In vitro study on MDBK cell and BHV-1 virus
Authors: Zina Korvasová, Lukáš Drašar, Josef Mašek, Pavlína Turánek Knotigová, Pavel Kulich, Ján Matiašovic, Kamil Kovařčík, Eliška Bartheldyová, Štěpán Koudelka, Michaela Škrabalová, Andrew D. Miller, Antonín Holý, Miroslav Ledvina, Jaroslav Turánek
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Malignant Disease in Children whose Mothers had Chickenpox, Mumps, or Rubella in Pregnancy
Authors: A. M. Adelstein, J. W. Donovan
Journal: BMJ (1972)

To test the hypothesis that leukaemia may follow virus infection in pregnancy an analysis was made of deaths which occurred in a cohort of children born in 1951 and 1952 after pregnancies in which the mothers suffered virus infections-chickenpox or mumps at any stage of gestation or rubella in the first 18 weeks. All deaths which occurred between the children's second birthday and the end of 1971 were studied.Two deaths from leukaemia occurred among the children whose mothers suffered from chickenpox, a significant excess. There were no deaths from leukaemia among the other children, but the causes of the two deaths after maternal mumps-Ewing's tumour and Still's disease-are noted because of their rarity.
Multiple-Balloon Kymographic Recording of the Comparative Action of Oral Administration of Atropine, Tincture of Belladonna and Placebos on the Motility of the Upper Small Intestine in Man
Authors: William P. Chapman, Eirwyn N. Rowlands, Chester M. Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THERE is ample evidence in the literature that the belladonna alkaloids exert an antispasmodic effect on the motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been found that intestinal contractions decreased nearly 30 per cent after the administration of placebos.1 We have therefore attempted to determine how two of the commonly used belladonna alkaloids, atropine given orally and tincture of belladonna, compared in their action with the results of the placebo studies. The time of onset of action and the magnitude of the effect of these two drugs have been noted, as has, so far as possible, the duration of . . .
Relationship of Myocardial Potassium Content and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: PAUL A. EBERT
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Serum, red blood cell, and atrial potassium concentrations were measured in 148 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. No significant difference was noted between serum and red cell potassium concentration and atrial arrhythmias. Seventy-six patients were in sinus rhythm prior to and following operation and had an average atrial potassium concentration of 38.2 mEq/100 g. Thirty patients in sinus rhythm developed atrial flutter or fibrillation after surgery, and the average atrial potassium concentration was 30.4 mEq/100 g. Forty-two patients were in atrial fibrillation before operation and had an average atrial potassium concentration of 26.6 mEq/100 g. A direct relationship existed between chronic atrial fibrillation and atrial potassium concentration. All developing postoperative atrial fibrillation had a reduced atrial potassium concentration in the preoperative biopsy. However, nine patients had reduced potassium concentration but did not develop atrial fibrillation.
Electrophysiological Study With Prophylactic Pacing and Survival in Adults With Myotonic Dystrophy and Conduction System Disease
Authors: Karim Wahbi, Christophe Meune, Raphaël Porcher, Henri Marc Bécane, Arnaud Lazarus, Pascal Laforêt, Tanya Stojkovic, Anthony Béhin, Hélène Radvanyi-Hoffmann, Bruno Eymard, Denis Duboc
Journal: JAMA (2012)

<h3>Context</h3>Up to one-third of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 die suddenly. Thus far, no intervention has effectively prevented sudden death.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine whether an invasive strategy based on systematic electrophysiological studies and prophylactic permanent pacing is associated with longer survival in patients presenting with myotonic dystrophy type 1 and major infranodal conduction delays than a noninvasive strategy.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>A retrospective study, the DM1 Heart Registry included 914 consecutive patients older than 18 years with genetically confirmed myotonic dystrophy type 1 who were admitted to the Neurological Unit of the Myology Institute of Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, a teaching medical center in Paris, France, between January 2000 and December 2009.<h3>Interventions</h3>Among 486 patients whose electrocardiogram showed a PR interval greater than 200 milliseconds, a QRS duration greater than 100 milliseconds, or both, the outcome of 341 (70.2%) who underwent an invasive strategy was compared with 145 (29.8%) who underwent a noninvasive strategy. A propensity score risk adjustment and propensity-based matching analysis was used to account for selection biases.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Rates of overall survival (main outcome measure) and sudden death, respiratory death, and other deaths (secondary outcome measures).<h3>Results</h3>Over a median follow-up of 7.4 years (range, 0-9.9 years), 50 patients died in the invasive strategy group and 30 died in the noninvasive strategy group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74 [95 CI, 0.47-1.16]; P = .19), corresponding to an overall 9-year survival of 74.4% (95% CI, 69.2%-79.9%). Regardless of the technique used to adjust for between-group differences in baseline characteristics, the invasive strategy was associated with a longer survival, with adjusted HRs ranging from 0.47 (95% CI, 0.26-0.84; P = .01) for a covariate-adjusted analysis of propensity-matched data to 0.61 (95% CI, 0.38-0.99; P = .047) for an analysis adjusted for propensity score quintiles. The survival difference was largely attributable to a lower incidence of sudden death, which occurred in 10 patients in the invasive strategy group and in 16 patients in the noninvasive strategy group, with HRs ranging from 0.24 (95% CI, 0.10-0.56; P = .001) for an analysis adjusted for propensity score quintiles and covariates to 0.28 (95% CI, 0.13-0.61; P = .001) for an unadjusted analysis of propensity-matched data.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Among patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1, an invasive strategy was associated with a higher rate of 9-year survival than a noninvasive strategy.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01136330
Bridging two worlds that care about art: Psychological and historical approaches to art appreciation
Authors: William Forde Thompson, Mark Antliff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Art appreciation often involves contemplation beyond immediate perceptual experience. However, there are challenges to incorporating such processes into a comprehensive theory of art appreciation. Can appreciation be captured in the responses to individual artworks? Can all forms of contemplation be defined? What properties of artworks trigger contemplation? We argue that such questions are fundamental to a psycho-historical framework for the science of art appreciation, and we suggest research that may assist in refining this framework.
Hospitalizations for asthma during childhood: What percentage of those admitted have had their allergic status defined
Authors: D.D. Murphy, H.T. Carper, E.A. Erwin, A.P. McLaughlin, M.S. Shaker, M.A. Hellems, T.A.E. Platts-Mills, P.W. Heymann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Ascites infection: a novel complication of colonic stenting?
Authors: B. Maroy
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Stenting colonic neoplastic strictures is, nowadays, well recognized and largely used for preoperative decompression and palliation [1] [2]. The main complications are immediate or delayed perforation, neoplastic or fecal obstruction, and migration. Ascites is not a contraindication to stent placement, rather the contrary, if the high risk of colostomy is taken into account [2]. To the best of my knowledge (and according to manufacturers and Pubmed), ascites infection, without perforation, has not yet been described.
Disease specific patterns of cytokine production by T-lymphocytes in coronary atheroscierosis: evidence for a role of infections agents in the pathogenesis of ustable Angina?
Authors: G. Liuzzo, S.L. Kopecky, J.J. Goronzy, K. Cornwell, A. Maseri, R.L. Frye, C.M. Weyand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Hemodynamic Stresses Induce Endothelial Dysfunction and Remodeling of Pulmonary Artery in Experimental Compensated Heart Failure
Authors: Ahmed Ben Driss, Corinne Devaux, Daniel Henrion, Micheline Duriez, Christian Thuillez, Bernard I. Levy, Jean-Baptiste Michel
Journal: Circulation (2000)

We hypothesized that, in compensated heart failure (HF), hemodynamic perturbations and their consequences exist in pulmonary artery (PA) despite the absence of any perturbation in thoracic aorta (TA).The left coronary artery was ligated in 20 male Wistar rats with compensated HF. Four months after ligation, these rats were compared with 20 sham-operated control rats. Blood pressure, velocity, viscosity, luminal diameter, and wall tensile and shear stresses were determined in PA and TA. Arterial rings were mounted in a myograph for ex vivo study. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression was determined in lung and aorta. Sections of PA and TA were used for histomorphometric study. In PA from rats with compensated HF, (1) blood pressure and wall tensile stress increased, whereas blood velocity and wall shear stress decreased; (2) contractions to KCl were not altered, but maximal contraction to phenylephrine and EC(50) decreased; (3) endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine and basal NO activity were blunted, whereas endothelium-independent relaxation was preserved; (4) eNOS mRNA levels and eNOS transcription in lung nuclei decreased; and (5) medial cross-sectional area, thickness, smooth muscle cell number, elastin, and collagen contents increased. Conversely, no such changes were found in TA from rats with compensated HF.In compensated HF induced by small myocardial infarction, hemodynamics, vascular wall function, and structure are altered in PA but preserved in TA. These results indicate that the pulmonary vascular bed is an early target of regional circulatory alterations in HF.
Withdrawal of the Medihalerepi®/Adrenaline Medihaler®: comments of the Subcommittee on Insect Venom Allergy of the EAACI
Authors: U R. Müller, F. Bonifazi, B. Przybilla, L. Youlten, H. Mosbech, J. Fernandez Sanchez, D. Vervloet
Journal: Allergy (1998)
Human herpesvirus-6 enhances natural killer cell cytotoxicity via IL-15.
Authors: L Flamand, I Stefanescu, J Menezes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The marked tropism of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) for natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes has led us to investigate the effect of HHV-6 on cellular cytotoxicity. We describe here how HHV-6 infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) leads to upregulation of their NK cell cytotoxicity. The induction of NK cell activity by HHV-6 was abrogated by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to IL-15 but not by mAbs to other cytokines (IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-2, IL-12) suggesting that IL-15 secreted in response to viral infection was responsible for the observed effect. Furthermore, NK activation by HHV-6 was blocked with mAb to CD122, as well as by human anti-HHV-6 neutralizing antibodies. Using RT-PCR, we were able to detect IL-15 mRNA upregulation in purified monocyte and NK cell preparations. IL-15 protein synthesis was increased in response to HHV-6. Finally, addition of IL-15 to PBMC cultures was found to severely curtail HHV-6 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that enhanced NK activity in response to viral infection represent a natural anti-viral defense mechanism aimed at rapidly eliminating virus-infected cells.
Risk Factors for Developing Pneumonia within 48 Hours of Intubation
Authors: JORDI RELLO, EMILI DIAZ, MARTA ROQUE, JORDI VALLÉS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Two hundred fifty intubated patients were followed during the first 48 h after intubation in order to identify potential risk factors for developing pneumonia within this period. Thirty-two developed pneumonia during this time. Univariate analysis established that large volume aspiration, presence of sedation, intubation caused by respiratory/cardiac arrest or decrease in the level of consciousness, emergency procedure, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and Glasgow coma score < 9 were significantly associated with pneumonia. In contrast, prior infection and prior antimicrobial use were associated with a protective effect. Presence of subglottic secretion drainage and 15 other variables had no significant effect. Multivariate analysis selected CPR (odds ratio [OR] = 5.13, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 2.14, 12.26) and continuous sedation (OR = 4.40, 95% CI = 1.83, 10.59) as significant risk factors for pneumonia, while antibiotic use (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.12, 0.69) showed a protective effect. Our findings emphasize that risk factors for pneumonia change during the intubation period, and preventing pneumonia requires a combined approach.
Having fewer hospital beds does not mean less health care
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The number of beds in NHS hospitals may be falling, but that doesn't mean the amount of health care provided has been reduced, argues the NHS Confederation in a briefing paper it issued this week.

The briefing from the confederation, which represents NHS trusts in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, is the first in a series aiming to debunk some of the popular myths surrounding the most contentious issues in the NHS.

“We need to …
Engineered Human tmpk/AZT As a Novel Enzyme/Prodrug Axis for Suicide Gene Therapy
Authors: Takeya Sato, Anton Neschadim, Manfred Konrad, Daniel H Fowler, Arnon Lavie, Jeffrey A Medin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

See page 848Gene therapy and stem cell transplantation safety could be enhanced by control over the fate of therapeutic cells. Suicide gene therapy uses enzymes that convert prodrugs to cytotoxic entities; however, heterologous moieties with poor kinetics are employed. We describe a novel enzyme/prodrug combination for selectively inducing apoptosis in lentiviral vector–transduced cells. Rationally designed variants of human thymidylate kinase (tmpk) that effectively phosphorylate 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) were efficiently delivered. Transduced Jurkat cell lines were eliminated by AZT. We demonstrate that this schema targeted both dividing and non-dividing cells, with a novel killing mechanism involving apoptosis induction via disruption of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential and activation of caspase-3. Primary murine and human T cells were also transduced and responded to AZT. Furthermore, low-dose AZT administration to non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice injected with transduced K562 cells suppressed tumor growth. This novel suicide gene therapy approach can thus be integrated as a safety switch into therapeutic vectors. See page 848 Gene therapy and stem cell transplantation safety could be enhanced by control over the fate of therapeutic cells. Suicide gene therapy uses enzymes that convert prodrugs to cytotoxic entities; however, heterologous moieties with poor kinetics are employed. We describe a novel enzyme/prodrug combination for selectively inducing apoptosis in lentiviral vector–transduced cells. Rationally designed variants of human thymidylate kinase (tmpk) that effectively phosphorylate 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) were efficiently delivered. Transduced Jurkat cell lines were eliminated by AZT. We demonstrate that this schema targeted both dividing and non-dividing cells, with a novel killing mechanism involving apoptosis induction via disruption of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential and activation of caspase-3. Primary murine and human T cells were also transduced and responded to AZT. Furthermore, low-dose AZT administration to non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice injected with transduced K562 cells suppressed tumor growth. This novel suicide gene therapy approach can thus be integrated as a safety switch into therapeutic vectors.