tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emergency Establishment Of Intravenous Route
Authors: Thomas Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> With regard to obtaining an intravenous route quickly, approximately ten patients were treated by the introduction of an intravenous catheter (Introcath) percutaneously into the femoral vein. This was done without disruption of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, by palpating the external cardiac-massage-induced pulsation of the femoral artery as a landmark and introducing the needle and then catheter medially as one might do at cardiac catheterization. A guide wire has not been necessary. In most cases, this intravenous route has been secured in less than a minute and in considerably less time than required for a cutdown started simultaneously. The latter may be completed if the percutaneous route is unsuccessful. In one case of successful resuscitation, the femoral artery was punctured but no untoward sequelae resulted. I would recommend this as the method of choice for those with facility in femoral-vein puncture.
The Legal Limits of AIDS Confidentiality-Reply
Authors: Bernard M. Dickens
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I agree with Mr Stryker that confidentiality is the preferred line of defense against the harms of disclosure, and I applaud efforts to make it effective. The thrust of the article was not to advocate antidiscrimination laws "instead, " but to argue that efforts to shore up confidentiality face severe legal obstacles and in themselves are not enough. Dr Natale is incorrect in the view that I was "ascribing AIDS discrimination to a set of legal principles" that aim to preserve free communication and advocating a "disease-specific statutory codification." Discrimination against AIDS was not presented as being induced or justified by the law. Dr Natale fails to address the courts' growing acceptance not just of limitations on confidentiality in the public interest but of a duty to warn individuals at risk that outweighs patients' interests in privacy. The Supreme Court, in<i>School Board of Nassau County, Florida v Arline</i>
Azathioprine and Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Allan N. Krutchik, Aman U. Buzdar, Charles K. Tashima
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  E. S. Kurtides, MD, recently reported inThe Journal(238:28, 1977) on a patient with idiopathic thrombocythemia treated with busulfan in whom breast carcinoma developed. He also cited two reported cases of breast carcinoma developing in two patients with multiple myeloma (236:1609-1610, 1976), both were treated with melphalan and prednisolone, and one of the two patients received procarbazine hydrochloride in addition. We would like to report two cases of breast carcinoma occurring in patients treated with azathioprine.  Report of Cases.—Case 1.—  A 46-year-old woman had chronic active hepatitis in 1971 and was treated with azathioprine and prednisolone from May 1971 to December 1972, at which time the administration of prednisolone was discontinued. In June 1977 breast carcinoma was diagnosed in the left breast, and a left radical mastectomy was performed with no axillary metastases found.  Case 2.—  A 38-year-old woman had a donor-related (sibling) renal
Case 31-1966
Authors: Edgar Haber, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

PRESENTATION OF CASE First admission. A sixty-seven-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea.She had been well until thirty years previously, when she experienced an episode of ataxia with diplopia that was ascribed to hysteria. Attacks of rapid heart action followed, and an electrocardiogram taken during one of them revealed ventricular tachycardia. The heart appeared normal on fluoroscopic examination and on x-ray films of the chest. Quinidine therapy was without benefit, but the episodes became less frequent when digitalis was substituted and she abstained from smoking and drinking alcohol. During the next twenty-seven years she took . . .
Charities call for all UK parties to keep commitment to health development goals
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Britain’s leading role in improving global access to health care in recent years needs to be maintained whoever wins the next election, says a group of major British health charities that is calling on all parties to “ensure the health Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) can be met.”

The call to action was made at a parliamentary launch organised by the Action for Global Health coalition and a score of affiliated charities. The meeting was addressed by international development minister Mike Foster MP and Baroness Jenny Tonge of the Liberal Democrats, although the Conservatives failed to provide a speaker.

Mr Foster told the BMJ that his party was proud to be leading the way …
Lethal and sublethal effects of chlorine, phenol, and chlorine-phenol mixtures on the mud crab, Panopeus herbstii.
Authors: P B Key, G I Scott
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The mud crab, Panopeus herbstii, was acutely exposed (96-hr) to chlorine-produced oxidants (CPO), phenol, and a CPO-phenolic mixture (1:1) to determine lethal and sublethal effects. The 96-hr (LC50) values were determined for each individual compound and mixture. Additionally, whole-animal respiration rates were measured following acute exposure to sublethal concentrations of each compound or mixture. Phenol uptake/depuration rates were measured in the phenol and CPO-phenol mixture concentrations. Results indicated 96-hr LC50 values of 1.06 mg/L for CPO (fiducial limits (FL) = 0.53-2.01 mg/L), 52.8 mg/L for phenol (FL = 45.6-64.5 mg/L), and 184.7 mg/L total toxicant units (TTU) for the CPO-phenol mixture (FL = 143.7-250.2 mg/L TTU). Statistical analysis indicated that the acute toxicity of the CPO-phenol mixture was less than additive. Sublethal studies indicated that only acute exposure to sublethal concentrations of CPO caused altered respiration rates. After 96-hr depuration, metabolic rates in all CPO-exposure crabs generally returned to control rates. Uptake/depuration rate studies indicated significantly lower phenol uptake rates in crabs exposed to the CPO-phenol mixture. These findings suggest that the less-than-additive toxicity of the CPO-phenol mixture may result from lowered uptake/depuration rate kinetics and indicate that the discharge of chlorinated-phenolic waste may not result in additive and/or synergistic interactions, but rather in less-than-additive effects on decapod aquatic species.
Firearm Legislation and Gun-Related Fatalities
Authors: Christian Westphal
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Polymorphic light eruption: prevalence in Australia and England
Authors: C. PAO, P.G. NORRIS, M. CORBETT, J.L.M. HAWK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

The prevalence and clinical characteristics of polymorphic light eruption were assessed by a questionnaire survey of 172, 196 and 182 subjects in Perth, Ballarat and London, respectively. The prevalence was 5.2% in Perth (latitude 32 degrees), 3.6% in Ballarat (37.5 degrees) and 14.8% in London (51.5 degrees). The age distribution (mostly first three decades) and male:female ratio (1:3) was similar for affected individuals in all three areas. Development of tolerance during the summer was more common in Perth (66.7%) and Ballarat (71.4%) than in London (40.7%).
Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus-Like Viral Infection and Human Breast Cancer
Authors: James F. Holland, Beatriz G. T. Pogo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

In the last half of the 20th century the possibility that human breast cancer might be intimately associated with oncogenic viruses was often suggested. This followed naturally on Bittner’s demonstration [(1)][1] that a virus caused breast cancer in mice. Convincing data, however, eluded workers
Use of Cells Expressing γ Subunit Variants to Identify Diverse Mechanisms of AMPK Activation
Authors: Simon A. Hawley, Fiona A. Ross, Cyrille Chevtzoff, Kevin A. Green, Ashleigh Evans, Sarah Fogarty, Mhairi C. Towler, Laura J. Brown, Oluseye A. Ogunbayo, A. Mark Evans, D. Grahame Hardie
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)

A wide variety of agents activate AMPK, but in many cases the mechanisms remain unclear. We generated isogenic cell lines stably expressing AMPK complexes containing AMP-sensitive (wild-type, WT) or AMP-insensitive (R531G) γ2 variants. Mitochondrial poisons such as oligomycin and dinitrophenol only activated AMPK in WT cells, as did AICAR, 2-deoxyglucose, hydrogen peroxide, metformin, phenformin, galegine, troglitazone, phenobarbital, resveratrol, and berberine. Excluding AICAR, all of these also inhibited cellular energy metabolism, shown by increases in ADP:ATP ratio and/or by decreases in cellular oxygen uptake measured using an extracellular flux analyzer. By contrast, A769662, the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, osmotic stress, and quercetin activated both variants to varying extents. A23187 and osmotic stress also increased cytoplasmic Ca2+, and their effects were inhibited by STO609, a CaMKK inhibitor. Our approaches distinguish at least six different mechanisms for AMPK activation and confirm that the widely used antidiabetic drug metformin activates AMPK by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration.
Presence of negative inotropic agents in canine plasma during positive end-expiratory pressure.
Authors: G A Grindlinger, J Manny, R Justice, B Dunham, D Shepro, H B Hechtman
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

Application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) will reduce cardiac output (CO). Humoral mediation of this event by circulating negative inotropic agents was examined using a rat papillary muscle bioassay. Twenty-seven dogs were anesthetized with an iv pentobarbital infusion. Plasma was obtained before and after 30 minutes of PEEP. The plasma was oxygenated in a small (4.5-ml) papillary muscle chamber using a diffusion membrane. An average PO2 of 416 mm Hg was achieved. PEEP plasma reduced developed tension (Tpd) from 2.16 +/- 1.0 to 1.90 +/- 1.05 g (P less than 0.0001). A fall in Tpd was observed whether or not CO was maintained constant with fluid infusion. Resting tension was unchanged. The percent reduction in Tpd correlated with the fall in CO (r = 0.63, P less than 0.01) when fluid was not infused to maintain CO. Reapplication of control plasma restored Tpd. Barbiturate levels in anesthetized dogs rose from 17.3 to 19.4 microns/ml during PEEP (P less than 0.1). Addition of pentobarbital to normal plasma led to a slight decrease in Tpd only when the concentration exceeded 99 microns/ml. In three experiments on ex vivo perfused hearts, application of PEEP led to lowering of peak systolic pressure (PSP) within 5 minutes. Removal of PEEP restored PSP in a similar time. The results support the hypothesis that the decline in CO with PEEP is mediated in part by a circulating negative inotropic agent.
Haemorrhage from the Navel, Seventeen Days after Birth
Authors: T. O'Connor
Journal: BMJ (1860)

to discover a new planet in the heavens, and so inscribe his own name imperishably on the scroll of astronomic fame.Duiring the past year, Death has laid his hand on some of our most eminent.Alison, with his Christian goodness, kind heart, fine intellect, philosophic thought, and sober judgment; Blackall, with his patient perseverance
Interim smallpox guidelines for the United Kingdom
Authors: R. Harling
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Developing new policies from old evidence L ast week, the Department of Health in London published interim guidelines for responding to a deliberate release of smallpox in the United Kingdom. 1 2 The guidelines describe contingency plans for diagnosis and management of the first cases, vaccination strategies before and in the event of an outbreak, and other essential measures to ensure outbreak preparedness and control.Two of us (RH and DM) have contributed to the development of the guidelines, and the aim of this editorial is to give a brief summary and highlight some of the underlying evidence.(Comments on the guidelines may be sent to smallpoxplan@ doh.gsi.gov.ukbefore the end of this year.)Developing policies to combat an eradicated infectious disease is difficult for two reasons.Firstly, it is impossible to balance the benefits and risks of interventions against the potential risk from disease.No one knows whether variola virus exists outside the two laboratories approved by the World Health Organization, whether it has fallen into the hands of organisations or individuals with the will and ability to use it as a weapon, or whether it can actually be disseminated in a way that would cause mass casualties.Secondly, the underlying evidence relies on historical data, which were collected in a different, now outdated context and are often incomplete.Nevertheless, analysis of historical data has provided valuable insights into the disease and the importance and effectiveness of different interventions, and several key messages have emerged that have been used to develop contingency plans.Rapid diagnosis of the first cases is essential.Any delay in implementing control measures would substantially increase the size of an outbreak. 3The last naturally occurring case of smallpox in the United Kingdom dates back to 1973, and most clinicians are now unfamiliar with the presenting symptoms and signs.To facilitate early diagnosis, under the United Kingdom guidelines all clinicians will be issued with a diagnostic algorithm to help them recognise and assess cases of suspicious illness.Further clinical pictures are available through the website of the Public Health Laboratory Service (www.phls.org.uk).A cadre of vaccinated doctors specialising in infectious diseases will provide diagnostic support, and emergency smallpox response teams will be established to carry out further assessment, laboratory investigation, and management of suspected cases.A small number of specialist laboratory staff will be vaccinated and trained in the laboratory diagnosis of orthopox viruses.
Quality of Care in Rural Hospitals
Authors: Richard Buck
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Keeler et al<sup>1</sup>concluded that the quality of care in smaller rural hospitals was substandard, possibly due to an inferior medical staff. The possibility was raised that small and rural hospitals should be closed. As a small hospital physician, I feel compelled to challenge the conclusions. The mindset of teaching hospitals is toward aggressive treatment rather than supportive care. The patients at small rural hospitals may be more likely to have "do not resuscitate" orders. It would be inappropriate for these patients to be admitted to an intensive care unit or given aggressive care, although this would raise a hospital's mortality rate and lower the explicit and implicit quality of care. A higher 30-day mortality rate may in these circumstances represent better, more humane quality of care. In the large urban centers, patients are more likely to be cared for by specialists (eg, cardiologists for myocardial
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION AND MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS
Authors: IRVIN ABELL
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The part of the medical profession in the National Defense Program is an important one. Without health, participants in industrial production and members of the armed forces become liabilities rather than assets. The American workman loses on an average eight work days a year from illness, the aggregate number of such days so lost reaching the astounding figure of three hundred and forty million, or more than a million work years a year. The armed forces of the United States during World War I suffered a loss of six million, eight hundred thousand work days from venereal disease. These staggering totals on two fronts alone graphically indicate the size and the importance of the task that confronts American medicine. The vast amount of highly specialized, scientific knowledge accumulated by the medical profession in relation both to prevention and to cure of disease is capable of enormously enhancing the strength and
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Flavopiridol Potentiates the Effects of Topoisomerase I Poisons by Suppressing Rad51 Expression in a p53-Dependent Manner
Authors: Grazia Ambrosini, Sharon L. Seelman, Li-Xuan Qin, Gary K. Schwartz
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The results of a phase I clinical trial of the topoisomerase I (Topo I) poison CPT-11 followed by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol in patients with advanced solid tumors indicate that patients whose tumors were wild-type, but not mutant, for p53 obtained the most clinical benefit from this combination therapy. We elected to elucidate the mechanistic basis for this effect in isogenic-paired HCT116 colon cancer cells that were either wild-type (+/+) or null (−/−) for p53. With the combination therapy of SN-38 (the active metabolite of CPT-11) followed by flavopiridol, the induction of apoptosis was 5-fold greater in the p53+/+ cells compared with the p53−/− cells. This sequential treatment induced phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15, which interacted with Rad51, a DNA repair protein involved in homologous recombination. Rad51 bound to p53-Ser15 within the first 5 hours of combination therapy, and then was transcriptionally suppressed at 24 hours by flavopiridol only in p53+/+ cells. Microarray analysis also revealed suppression of Rad51 in a p53-dependent manner. Depletion of Rad51 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) sensitized both p53+/+ and p53−/− cells to SN-38–induced apoptosis with increase of γH2AX, a marker of DNA damage. Conversely, overexpression of Rad51 rescued p53+/+ cells from SN→F–induced apoptosis. Because flavopiridol inhibits Cdk9, we found that inhibition of Cdk9 by DRB or by siRNA could recapitulate the flavopiridol effects, with suppression of Rad51 and induction of apoptosis only in p53+/+ cells. In conclusion, after DNA damage by Topo I poisons, flavopiridol targets homologous recombination through a p53-dependent down-regulation of Rad51, resulting in enhancement of apoptosis. [Cancer Res 2008;68(7):2312–20]
CANCER OF THE STOMACH.
Authors: HENRY M. LYMAN
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The two patients whom I bring before you this morning are both advanced in life; one of them is 57 and the other is 76 years of age. Both are emaciated and pale; both are cachectic and enfeebled. There are, however, certain differences between them which will become apparent on closer examination. The younger man is simply pale and thin, without special discoloration of the skin. The left foot is somewhat edematous and the glands above the clavicle, on the left side of the neck, are considerably enlarged. The expression of his countenance is careworn and the face is furrowed with deep lines. The tongue is pale, covered with a gray coating, and rather reduced in size. The thoracic viscera seem to be healthy, though the cardiac beats are frequent and feeble. The liver is small and the spleen is hardly distinguishable. Placing the patient on his back and palpating
IMPACT OF HIGH DOSE ASPIRIN IN MEN VS. WOMEN AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: RESULTS FROM THE HORIZONS-AMI TRIAL
Authors: Jennifer Yu, Roxana Mehran, Georgios Vlachojannis, Usman Baber, Ke Xu, Alexandra Lansky, Cindy Grines, Giulio Guagliumi, Ran Kornowski, Bernhard Witzenbichler, George Dangas, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Action of Staphylococcal Epidermolytic Toxin on Mouse Skin in Organ Culture
Authors: I. Sarkany, P. M. Gaylarde
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article Action of Staphylococcal Epidermolytic Toxin on Mouse Skin in Organ Culture Get access I. Sarkany, I. Sarkany Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London W.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. M. Gaylarde P. M. Gaylarde Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London W.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 87, Issue 5, 1 November 1972, Pages 516–517, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb01607.x Published: 01 November 1972
Letter: Children's worms.
Authors: E B Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1975)

crease in size within a 35-day period.Furthermore, it is incorrect to say that "the tumours appear to lose their property of metastasizing in the system."In June 1974 my colleagues and I reviewed our work at a Royal Society of Medicine meeting, during which we reported a case of metastatic growth of a melanoma to a mouse para- aortic node.We believe this was the first reported case of metastases in the T-B+ mouse.4We have subsequently reported metastases from human colon, rectum, and HeLa tumours, all to mouse lung.5These observations are comparatively recent and may in part be due to the use of mice from the specific-pathogen-free unit at Mill Hill.In conclusion, I cannot in principle see the objection to using this system for chemotherapeutic sensitivity studies of tumours.Wthy should it be necessary to establish that actual growth is occurring?After all, the T -B + mouse can be used to maintain tissues in vivo without having actual growth.In a pilot study my col- leagues and I examined the sensitivity of a breast tumour to chemotherapeutic agents and compared the treated mice with un- treated mice.During the study period, in excess of 40 days, the implanted tumours gradually regressed (we have demonstrated growth in other studies), but we compared the regression rates between the treated and untreated mice.Nobody would be foolish enough to suggest at this stage that the system should be used as the ultimate criterion for chemotherapeutic treatment.However, it can provide very useful guide- lines.Anything which can do that in a branch of medicine, which largely relies on trial and error cannot be a bad thing.-Iam, etc.,