tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous endocytosis in human neonatal and adult red blood cells: Comparison to drug‐induced endocytosis and to receptor‐mediated endocytosis
Authors: Francine C. Colin, Stanley L. Schrier
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Neonatal RBC contain many more spontaneous endocytic vacuoles than do adult RBC. It is not known if this difference is a result of an increase in production of vacuoles in the neonatal RBC (as is the case in drug‐induced endocytosis), or is the result of a less effective neonatal macrophagic “pitting” process. Using an in vitro model of spontaneous endocytosis, we compared the rate and quantity of vacuoles and the shape of cord and adult RBC containing pits, visible by interference contrast microscopy (Nomarski method). The mechanism of the spontaneous endocytosis was explored using different inhibitors: sodium vanadate an inhibitor of ATPases, sodium fluoride which inhibits the generation of ATP and sodium cyanide a potent inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation. We then compared spontaneous endocytosis with two other forms of RBC endocytosis: drug‐induced endocytosis and receptor‐mediated endocytosis. Spontaneous endocytosis is in fact increased in neonatal RBC initially but the increase in number of RBC containing pits after 144 hr of incubation is almost the same in adult RBC and neonatal RBC. Comparing spontaneous endocytosis with drug‐induced endocytosis, it appears that their mechanisms are different in that spontaneous endocytosis is not preceded by stomatocytic shape change and is not inhibited by sodium vanadate or sodium fluoride as is the case for drug‐induced endocytosis. Spontaneous endocytosis is different than transferrin receptor‐mediated endocytosis because it occurs in many RBC, not only in the motile R1 reticulocytes and is not inhibited by sodium cyanide as is receptor‐mediated endocytosis. Thus spontaneous endocytosis appears to be different than drug‐induced endocytosis and transferrin receptor‐mediated endocytosis. The increase in spontaneous endocytosis in cord RBC seen in vivo is probably a consequence of an immaturity of the neonatal macrophage pitting process.
Trusts' lack of support threatens practice based commissioning
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

GPs and practice managers in England are struggling to implement practice based commissioning, a survey shows, because of problems getting support and information from their primary care trusts.

More than half of the respondents to the survey (53%) say that because of such difficulties they are failing to reap any benefits from commissioning for their patients, the very reason that the government introduced the policy in 2004.

The survey, carried out jointly by the healthcare think tank the King's Fund and the NHS Alliance, comprised an emailed questionnaire sent to 600 members of practice based commissioning …
MRI: My Resonant Image
Authors: Mark G. Kortepeter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 November 1991MRI: My Resonant ImageMark G. Kortepeter, MDMark G. Kortepeter, MDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-9-749 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:After noticing strange sensations on the side of my head, I reluctantly saw a neurologist, who ordered a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the brain. I had never seen an MRI machine before, although I had ordered many scans for patients. I was not prepared for the gargantuan monstrosity that confronted me, with its tiny mouth and its protruding tongue poised to lick me up and suck me inside. I lay down on the tongue, head first; I was strapped in and then covered with blankets because the room was chilly. Next, a cage was placed... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mark G. Kortepeter, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAnxiety relaxation during MRI with a patient-friendly audiovisual systemInvestigating cancer patient acceptance of Whole Body MRIReduction of claustrophobia during magnetic resonance imaging: methods and design of the "CLAUSTRO" randomized controlled trialReduction of Claustrophobia with Short-Bore versus Open Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Randomized Controlled TrialClaustrophobia during magnetic resonance imaging: Cohort study in over 55,000 patientsValue of interpersonal encounter endorsed by patients as intervention in magnetic resonance imagingPatients' perceptions of magnetic resonance imagingThe Need for Second-Generation Antihepatitis C Virus Testing in Uremic Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal DialysisHas Medicine Outgrown Physical Diagnosis?Robert H. Fletcher, MD, Suzanne W. Fletcher, MD 1 November 1991Volume 115, Issue 9Page: 749-750KeywordsBrainMagnetic resonance imagingMouthTongue ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
xCT Inhibition Depletes CD44v-Expressing Tumor Cells That Are Resistant to EGFR-Targeted Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Momoko Yoshikawa, Kenji Tsuchihashi, Takatsugu Ishimoto, Toshifumi Yae, Takeshi Motohara, Eiji Sugihara, Nobuyuki Onishi, Takashi Masuko, Kunio Yoshizawa, Shuichi Kawashiri, Makio Mukai, Seiji Asoda, Hiromasa Kawana, Taneaki Nakagawa, Hideyuki Saya, Osamu Nagano
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The targeting of antioxidant systems that allow stem-like cancer cells to avoid the adverse consequences of oxidative stress might be expected to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment. Here, we show that head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells that express variant isoforms of CD44 (CD44v) rely on the activity of the cystine transporter subunit xCT for control of their redox status. xCT inhibition selectively induces apoptosis in CD44v-expressing tumor cells without affecting CD44v-negative differentiated cells in the same tumor. In contrast to CD44v-expressing undifferentiated cells, CD44v-negative differentiated cells manifest EGF receptor (EGFR) activation and rely on EGFR activity for their survival. Combined treatment with inhibitors of xCT-dependent cystine transport and of EGFR resulted in a synergistic reduction of EGFR-expressing HNSCC tumor growth. Thus, xCT-targeted therapy may deplete CD44v-expressing undifferentiated HNSCC cells and concurrently sensitize the remaining differentiating cells to available treatments including EGFR-targeted therapy. Cancer Res; 73(6); 1855–66. ©2012 AACR.
LSD use among US high school students
Authors: M. S. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —We have recently presented data 1 from our annual survey of 522 328 junior and senior  school students from schools across the United States. This anonymous questionnaire on the prevalence of drug use was administered to all junior and senior students attending home rooms in these schools in 1993, and results were compared with 1992. Hallucinogen use increased significantly ( P  t test), from 4.9% to 5.3%. Also, 83% of hallucinogen users reported most often getting  high or bombed/stoned when they used hallucinogens, as compared with 24% of beer drinkers, 66% of marijuana smokers, and 74% of cocaine users. Our experience suggests that many young people believe that cocaine is very dangerous. However, these same young students appear to believe that LSD is spiritually uplifting. In our survey, 55% of  school seniors believed that trying LSD a few times is not harmful.  These data
Selenite benefits embryonic stem cells therapy in the animal models of Parkinson’s disease through inhibiting inflammation
Authors: Lipeng Tian, Shi Zhang, Liang Xu, Wen Li, Ying Wang, Wei Chen, Jianqing Ding, Shengdi Chen
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) transplantation is a potential therapeutic approach for Parkinson’s disease. However, the key problems the therapy is facing are the efficiency of differentiation into dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the low survival of the transplanted DA neurons. In the present study, mouse ESC were effectively differentiated into DA neurons by serum free method and were transplanted into 6-OHDA lesioned striatum of PD rats. We found reduced viability of DA neurons after graft, being accompanied by activated microglia and high levels of TNF-α and iNOS. This suggested that inflammation might be an underlying mechanism for decreased cells viability. In the following in vitro assay, selenite, the source of essential micronutrient selenium, was tested to inhibit inflammatory activation of BV2 microglia cells. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of selenite in animals after cells transplantation were investigated. In PD rats treated by selenite, microglia activation after transplantation was inhibited in the graft niche, and the levels of TNF-α and iNOS were effectively abated nearly by 30% and 50%. The viability of implanted DA neurons was also remarkably improved after selenite treatment, with favored behavior recovery of PD rats. Therefore, selenite might benefit embryonic stem cells therapy in Parkinson’s disease through inhibiting inflammation.
CIRCULATING PITUITARY AUTOANTIBODIES AGAINST CELLS SECRETING LUTEINISING AND FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONES IN CHILDREN WITH CRYPTORCHIDISM
Authors: A. Pouplard-Barthelaix, V. Lepinard, L. Luxembourger, V. Rohmer, J. Berthelot, J.C. Bigorgne
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Book Review Chronic Fatigue and Related Immune Deficiency Syndromes (Progress in Psychiatry. No. 40.) Edited by Paul J. Goodnick and Nancy G. Klimas. 168 pp. Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Press, 1993. $26. 0-88048-468-3
Authors: John M. Petitto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
Effect of genetic counselling on the prevalence of Huntington's chorea.
Authors: J S Tay, W C Yip
Journal: BMJ (1983)

of age, intercurrent disease, and tumour staging, results in a hospital mortality nearer 10% as shown in several recent British studies.24Indeed, in the latter quarter of the Lancaster series mortality has been reduced to 7o% with no sig- nificant variation according to cell type.5
Abstract P5-13-11: Medico-Economic Assessment of the Genomic Grade Index on Adjuvant Treatment Strategy in Elston-Ellis Grade 2, Estrogen Receptor Positive, HER2 Negative, Node Negative, Small Size Breast Carcinomas
Authors: F Reyal, M Bollet, M Caly, D Hajage, S Carpentier, H Peyro-Saint-Paul, J-Y Pierga, B Sigal-Zafrani, A Vincent-Salomon, X. Sastre
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Elston-Ellis grading (EE) is one of the key criteria for adjuvant therapy decision in ER+/HER2-/pN0/pT1 -2 tumors. The genomic grade index (GGI) is a 97-gene micro-array assay able to identify tumors of high or low genomic grade. GGI has been developed in order to improve the prognosis determination, especially in EE2 tumors which represent a significant proportion of breast carcinomas and where the inter-assessor variability is the highest. The aim of the present study was to model the influence of the GGI on adjuvant treatment decision in EE2 patients, using a cohort of ER+/HER2-/pN0/pT1-2 tumors. Methods: A randomly selected series of pT1-2, pN0 breast cancers from the Institut Curie 1995-1996 cohort was profiled using Affymetrix HGU133 Plus 2.0 gene chips. The GGI was calculated using Ipsogen Mapßuant Dx®. Treatment decisions were made for EE2 cases based on the Institut Curie adjuvant treatment guidelines (www.curie.fr). The treatment decision algorithm was firstly run using the grade as defined by Elston Ellis, and secondly using the GGI (undetermined cases were classified as grade2). Results: Out of 72 EE2 tumors, 35 were classified as GGI-1 (49%) and 13 (18%) as GGI-3. Based on EE, 7% of patients would have received adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) alone (all were ER-/PR-), 50% adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) alone, and 43% both. Using the GGI, 7% (n=5) of patients would have been spared AHT and 10% (n=7) ACT. In the ER+/HER2- subgroup of 62 pts, 58% of patients would have received AHT alone and 42% AHT+ACT based on EE; GGI would have lead to a 14% reduction in AHT prescription and to a 26% reduction in ACT prescription. Conclusion: Applying the Genomic Grade Index instead of the Elston Ellis Grade to determine the adjuvant treatment strategy in a series of EE2/ER+/HER2-/pN0/pT1-2 breast carcinomas would lead to a 14% and 27% reduction in the administration of, respectively, adjuvant hormone-therapy and chemotherapy. Adjuvant treatment decision: models based on Elston-Ellis or Genomic Grading Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-13-11.
Von Willebrand factor in the outcome of temporal arteritis.
Authors: M.C Cid, J Monteagudo, J Oristrell, J Vilaseca, L Pallarés, R Cervera, C Font, J Font, M Ingelmo, A Urbano-Márquez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To determine fluctuation in circulating von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the outcome of patients with temporal arteritis. METHODS: Plasma vWF antigen concentrations were measured in 65 patients with biopsy proven temporal arteritis at different disease activity stages, in 12 with isolated polymyalgia rheumatica, and in 16 controls. Fourteen temporal arteritis patients underwent serial determinations during the course of their disease. RESULTS: vWF concentrations were significantly raised in temporal arteritis (mean 220 [arbitrary units], range 96 to 720) and in polymyalgia rheumatica (mean 196, range 103 to 266) compared with healthy controls (mean 98, range 75 to 137) (P &lt; 0.05). Although vWF values tended to be higher in temporal arteritis, no significant differences were found between temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica patients nor between temporal arteritis patients with ischaemic complications (mean 269, range 130 to 720) and those who presented with polymyalgia rheumatica or constitutional symptoms only (mean 179, range 140 to 220). The highest levels were obtained in patients with associated, mainly infectious, diseases (mean 631, range 240 to 1680). Raised vWF values found in active temporal arteritis patients (mean 220, range 96 to 720) persisted within the first two years after the beginning of treatment (mean 244, range 102 to 510) but tended to normalise in patients in long term remission (mean 143, range 50 to 260). CONCLUSIONS: Persistent elevation of vWF during early remission of temporal arteritis might represent an endothelial activation status induced by a remaining inflammatory microenvironment rather than a marker of endothelial cell injury. In long term remission, decreasing vWF concentrations might reflect progression of inflammatory lesions to a healing stage.
1142-183 Association of prehypertension by joint national committee 7 criteria with left ventricular structure and function: The strong heart study
Authors: Marilyn B Lawrence Wright, Richard B Devereux, Mary J Roman, Marcello Chinali, Lyle G Best, James Galloway, Richard R Fabsitz, Elisa T Lee, Ying Zhang, Barbara V Howard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Brad Missed the Miracle
Authors: Janet R. Gilsdorf
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Electrophysiologic and histologic correlations in chronic complete atrioventricular block.
Authors: S Ohkawa, M Sugiura, Y Itoh, K Kitano, K Hiraoka, K Ueda, M Murakami
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Electrophysiologic studies using the His bundle electrogram (HBE) and histologic studies of serial sections of the conduction system were correlated in two groups of deceased patients. Group 1 consisted of five patients with chronic complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) who had narrow QRS complexes and AH block (block proximal to the His bundle deflection). Group 2 consisted of four patients with chronic CAVB who had wide QRS complexes and HV block (block distal to the His bundle deflection). In group 1, the sites of the main lesion were not located in the approaches to the atrioventricular (AV) node or the AV node, but were found in the penetrating portion of the His bundle in one patient and in the branching portion of the His bundle in three patients. In the remaining patient, the main site of block could not be demonstrated histologically in the AV conduction system, but marked fibrosis of the approaches to the sinoatrial node and surrounding atrial muscle was found. In all patients of group 2, the site of the main lesion was located in the bilateral bundle branches, and thus was compatible with so-called trifascicular block. This correlation study between the His bundle electrogram and histologic findings of the AV conduction system showed that in some cases, CAVB presenting as AH block on the HBE can be associated with a lesion in the branching portion of the His bundle (distal His), and that CAVB presenting as HV block on the HBE is associated with a bilateral lesion of the bundle branches.
Abstract 1705: Comparison of uptake mechanisms for different anthracyclines in leukemic cells
Authors: Hazhar Karim, Alex Bogason, Sigurd Vitols
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Aims: The mechanisms behind cellular anthracycline uptake are not completely understood. It is of great interest to gain more insight into cellular uptake mechanisms since this could possibly be used to increase the selectivity of the drugs. We therefore compared the uptake of 5 different anthracyclines, daunorubicin (DNR), doxorubicin (DOX), epirubicin (EPI), idarubicin (IDA), and pirarubicin (PIRA) by leukemic cells and also investigated the possible involvement of specific carriers. Methods: HL-60 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of anthracyclines for 1 hour and cellular drug uptake was determined. The cells were also preincubated with various protein inhibitors or nucleosides and then with the anthracyclines after which drug uptake was determined with HPLC. Apoptosis was determined with propidium iodine staining and flow cytometry. Results: Of all anthracyclines studied DNR, IDA and PIRA had the highest cellular uptake with a sharp increase in uptake at extracellular concentrations &amp;gt; 1 µM. Uptake of DOX, DNR and IDA was greatly reduced at 0°C. Suramin, a purinergic-2-receptor inhibitor, strongly inhibited the uptake of all anthracyclines except PIRA and dipyridamole, a nucleoside transport inhibitor, only inhibited the uptake of DNR. The addition of nucleosides reduced the uptake of DNR, IDA and PIRA. Conclusion: Our results suggest different uptake mechanisms for various anthracyclines. We found evidence for carrier mediated uptake mechanisms, the data support the involvement of the nucleoside transporter family. Furthermore, our results also indicate an involvement of purinergic-2-receptor signalling in anthracycline uptake. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1705. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1705
PEDERASTY VS. PROSTITUTION; A FEW HISTORIC NOTES.
Authors: WILLIAM LEE HOWARD
Journal: JAMA (1897)

mittent discharge of fecal matter from the sinus.There was no doubt a perforation at the tip, at the time of the attack of appendicitis, which had become adherent to and formed an abscess cavity on the abdominal wall.The cavity having been opened and drained, finally closed down to a sinus which was kept pervious by the intermittent discharge of fecal matter through the appendix.The accompanying rough sketch will assist in giving a better conception of the position of the fistula and appendix.
Abstract LB-147: Characterization of a Kaiso overexpressing transgenic mouse model
Authors: Roopali Chaudhary, Kyster K. Nanan, Juliet M. Daniel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: The WNT signaling pathway plays critical roles during embryogenesis and maintaining homeostasis of adult tissues. However constitutive WNT signaling leads to tumorigenesis. Upon activation of the WNT pathway, the main downstream effector of the WNT pathway, ß-catenin, stabilizes and translocates to the nucleus where it activates transcription of WNT target genes. Recently, our lab along with others identified the novel transcription factor Kaiso as a negative regulator of WNT target genes in mammalian cell lines and Xenopus models. However a study using a Kaiso depleted mouse model implicated Kaiso as a positive regulator of WNT signaling. Kaiso is a member of the BTB/POZ (broad-complex, tramtrack and bric-à-brac/poxvirus and zinc finger) protein family. The goal of this study is to elucidate the role of Kaiso in WNT signaling using the ApcMin/+ mouse model of intestinal cancer. Methodology: To assess the role of Kaiso in colon cancer in vivo, Kaiso overexpressing transgenic mice were created (KaisoTg). Targeted overexpression of Kaiso in KaisoTg mice was obtained by pronuclear injection of Kaiso cDNA under the control of the intestine-specific villin promoter. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western Blot analyses were used to determine tissue specific Kaiso overexpression in KaisoTg mice. Immunohistochemisty (IHC) was performed on mouse intestinal tissues to examine the subcellular localization of Kaiso and assess developmental defects. KaisoTg mice were then mated with APCMin/+ mice models of intestinal cancer that develop polyps in the small intestine due to constitutively active -catenin. KaisoTg-APCMin/+ mice were examined for gross morphological phenotypes and IHC was performed on mouse intestinal tissues for Kaiso and other WNT target genes (e.g. cyclin D1) to elucidate the effects of Kaiso on the WNT pathway. Results: Western Blot analysis revealed high, moderate and low levels of Kaiso overexpression in three founder lines of the KaisoTg mice. RT-PCR analysis showed Kaiso overexpression limited to villin positive tissues including kidney, small and large intestines. IHC analysis of KaisoTg tissues showed no gross morphological differences compared to non-transgenic mice. However KaisoTg-APCMin/+ displayed decreased body size and weight, and had decreased life span when compared to the parentals (i.e. KaisoTg and APCmin/+). IHC analysis of KaisoTg-APCMin/+ mouse intestines revealed increased polyp numbers with Kaiso staining concentrated near the basal surface of the polyps. These data support Kaiso's potential role as an oncogene in mouse intestinal tissues. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-147.