tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Communities' confidentiality should be maintained and community consent sought
Authors: F. Enquselassie, J. Nokes, F. Cutts
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Individual rights in the context of medical research receive much attention,1 and ethical principles of epidemiological studies reflect this emphasis.2 We believe that the rights of communities with respect to epidemiological investigations will need greater consideration in future for two reasons. Firstly, infectious diseases, such as HIV infection and AIDS, that are transmitted by certain risk behaviours elicit strong personal feelings, and stigmatisation may result if information is disclosed. Secondly, geographical information systems, which enable rapid and precise mapping of the distribution …
The relevance of maintaining and worsening processes in psychopathology
Authors: Francesco Mancini, Amelia Gangemi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract The states called “psychopathology” are very diverse, but Lane et al.'s single-process explanation does little to account for this diversity. Moreover, some other crucial phenomena of psychopathology do not fit this theory: the role of negative evaluations of conscious emotions, and the role of emotions without physiological correlates. And it does not consider the processes maintaining disorders.
Abstract 15734: Glucose Variability and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kasia J Lipska, Lakshmi Venkitachalam, Kensey Gosch, Boris Kovatchev, Greet Van den Berghe, Geert Meyfroidt, Philip G Jones, Silvio E Inzucchi, John A Spertus, J H DeVries, Mikhail Kosiborod
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Mean blood glucose (BG) during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important predictor of inpatient mortality but does not capture glycemic lability, which has been postulated to af...
Abstract 18183: Cardiac Rehabilitation is Associated with Reduced Mortality and Hospitalization in Subjects with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Billie-Jean Martin, Trina Hauer, Leslie D Austford, Merill L Knudtson, James A Stone, Sandeep Aggarwal, Ross Arena
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: While Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is associated with improved survival and QOL in subjects with coronary artery disease, its role in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) has b...
The DSM-III-R impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified: clinical characteristics and relationship to other psychiatric disorders
Authors: S L McElroy, J I Hudson, H g Pope, P E Keck, H G Aizley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The authors reviewed available studies of DSM-III-R impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified in order to determine the relationship of these disorders to one another and to other psychiatric disorders.The review focused on the demographic and clinical characteristics, phenomenology, family history, biology, and response to treatment of individuals with intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, pathological gambling, pyromania, and trichotillomania. Analysis was restricted to reports which either indicated use of operational diagnostic criteria or provided descriptions of the impulsive behavior detailed enough that patients could be judged as probably meeting the DSM-III-R criteria.Although different impulse control disorders have different sex ratios, all have similar ages at onset and courses. Studies on phenomenology, family history, and response to treatment suggest that intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, pathological gambling, pyromania, and trichotillomania may be related to mood disorders, alcohol and psychoactive substance abuse, and anxiety disorders (especially obsessive-compulsive disorder). Biological studies indicate that intermittent explosive disorder and pyromania may share serotonergic abnormalities similar to those reported in mood disorders.The impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified appear to be related to one another and to mood, anxiety, and psychoactive substance use disorders. Thus, like major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, bulimia nervosa, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, they may represent forms of "affective spectrum disorder."
Abstract 19263: Enhancing Cholesterol Efflux Pathways Suppresses Hematopoietic Stem Cell Proliferation and Monocytosis in apoE−/− Mice
Authors: Andrew J Murphy, Tamara Pagler, Mani Akhtari, Alan R Tall
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Atherosclerosis is associated with monocytosis and attenuating monocytosis results in a reduction in atherosclerosis. Mice deficient in ABCA1 and ABCG1 have leukocytosis and monocytosis that is reversed by Increased HDL levels (human apoA-I transgene) which promotes cholesterol efflux and reduces the proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Apoe−/− mice also have monocytosis that is associated with expansion of the HSPC population. We hypothesized that promotion of cholesterol efflux from HSPCs in WTD-fed apoE−/− mice, by infusion of rHDL or treatment with LXR activators to up-regulate ABCA1/G1 would suppress HSPC proliferation and monocytosis. A dose response study (40, 80, 120mg/kg) revealed that rHDL (CSL-111) suppressed leukocytosis, monocytosis and proliferation of HSPCs with maximum effect at 80mg/kg, similar to doses previously shown to be effective in human IVUS studies. Treatment with LXR activator (20mg/kg X 3) also resulted in decreased leukocytosis, monocytosis and HSPC proliferation, and administration of rHDL+LXR activator produced larger reductions in these parameters than either treatment alone. Interestingly, circulating cells were only slightly reduced (to pre-WTD levels) in WT mice, with no changes observed in HSPCs. As IL-3 drives proliferation of HSPCs we examined the IL-3 common β-subunit (IL-3βR) expression in HSPCs. We discovered that apoE−/− mice have an increased population of IL-3βR+ HSCs compared to WT mice (apoE−/−:9.6% vs WT:5.4% P
Abstract 1061: Pattern and Extent of Systolic Intraventricular Dyssynchrony in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Comparison with Hypertensive and Athlete Hearts Using Tissue Doppler Imaging
Authors: Ashok Kondur, Sony Jacob, Ashutosh Niraj, Jyotiranjan Pradhan, Gregory Sandidge, Luis Afonso
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Differentiating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) from athletes heart and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has important diagnostic and prognostic implications. The objective of this...
Incremental shuttle walking test in young to elderly healthy subjects
Authors: Tsuyoshi Nishinakagawa, Masatoshi Itaki, Masaharu Asai, Kenichiro Tanaka, Takako Tanaka, Ryo Kozu, Hideaki Senjyu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  The incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) is an established measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic respiratory disease. Some recent studies reported the established reference values of the ISWT in healthy subjects. However, there are no reports on the characteristics of the ISWT results according to age.   Objectives:  This study investigated the characteristics of the ISWT results in healthy subjects of various ages.   Methods:  In total, 529 healthy subjects (207 males; age range, 20–80 years) performed the ISWT as described by Singh et al. We assessed height, weight, body mass index, and incremental shuttle walking distance (ISWD) according to age and sex.   Results:  The ISWD of male subjects was 868.9±150.9, 870.7±159.4, 753.8±158.2, 725.9±190.9, 587.3±114.5, and 437.5±79.3 m in the 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and 70–80 year age groups, respectively. That of female subjects was 705.9±190.2, 598.1±161.8, 564.8±128.3, 561.1±113.5, 464.9±87.1, and 413.9±82.9 m in the 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and 70–80 year age groups, respectively. Seventy-three subjects (55 males; 20–39 years; 87.7%) exceeded the 12th level of the ISWT protocol. The ISWD of the young (20–39 years), middle (40–59 years), and elderly (60–80 years) groups showed statistically significant differences. Male subjects walked significantly farther than did female subjects except among those aged >70 years.   Conclusions:  The ISWD was farther in the young than in the middle group and farther in the middle than in the elderly group. Sex differences decreased with age; no sex differences were observed among subjects aged >70 years. The ISWT appears to undervalue the exercise capacity of younger individuals.
Outcome Of Patients (pts) With Myelofibrosis (MF) After Ruxolutinib (Rux) Therapy
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Alfonso Quintas-Cardama, Marylou Cardena-Turanzas, Susan O'Brien, Jorge E. Cortes, Nitin Jain, Farhad Ravandi, Tapan M. Kadia, Mark Brandt, Srdan Verstovsek
Journal: Blood (2013)
Why clinical audit doesn't work
Authors: G. C Sutton, J. Collingwood, K. Pattison, M. Walker, G H Hall, K. Healy, J. Woodhouse, R. Gorton
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—We share Berger’s frustration with clinical audit in its current form.1 Between 1995 and 1997 we tried to introduce clinical audit into nursing homes in Wakefield. There are 24 registered homes with nearly 1000 beds—equivalent to an entire hospital—and their quality of care has obvious and lasting relevance to the quality of life for residents. 

The project coordinator (JC) introduced the concept of clinical audit to local homes, provided training, and helped each home conduct an audit of its own choosing. One home refused to participate. The other 23 were receptive, but in five no progress was made because of staff changes. Eleven topics were audited by 15 homes; the other three conducted pseudo-audits that were actually management activities, such as stock control. 

The 11 topics were: reporting of accidents; procedures of staff changeover; continence care, activities and stimulation of residents (3 homes); individual keyworker system, where each resident has a named worker on their case; compliance with safety standards in the workplace; quality of laundry; planning of food and menus (2 homes); ordering and planning of drug treatments; moving and handling; and quality of written care plans (2 homes). A year after they began, most of these audits remained incomplete, and only three are likely to have brought about improvements that are perceptible to residents. These are small benefits for the effort and resources invested, and we are pessimistic about auditing topics that may be on the health authority’s agenda but that homes are reluctant to address. 

We are aware of 16 audit exercises in UK nursing homes (3 from peer reviewed sources). These suggest that clinical audit may have more success if it is combined with both external leverage (such as the cycle of registration and inspection) and an internal product champion (such as an enthusiastic matron). Even then, it is a weak lever for quality improvement in the face of so many pressures. Many homes are struggling to cope with dependent residents, staff shortages, and financial difficulties. It is unrealistic to expect clinical audit in isolation to change this climate. 

Yet if we were to go back to first principles and design an ideal mechanism for quality assurance for nursing homes or any other health unit, it would look uncannily similar to audit. It would be adequately funded, be professionally led, set explicit standards, involve regular review, and so on. This suggests that we should not despair of audit but confront the forces that impair quality.
Abstract 12618: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial to Test The Effect of a Multifaceted Comprehensive Cardiovascular Care Intervention on Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Receiving Dabigatran
Authors: Robby Nieuwlaat, R B Haynes, Christine Duffy, Paul A Reilly, Ellison Themeles, Carlos A Morillo, Salim Yusuf, Stuart J Connolly
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background Most atrial fibrillation (AF) patients have coexisting cardiovascular diseases that worsen prognosis and complicate management. Our aim was to test the effect of a multifaceted intervent...
Etiologies of Tattoo Lesions
Authors: Fei Han
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 16344: Hemoglobin Directs Macrophage Differentiation and Prevents Foam Cell Formation in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Aloke Finn, Masataka Nakano, Rohini Polavarapu, Vinit Karmali, Omar Saeed, XiaoQuing Zhao, Saami Yazdani, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Talina Davis, Anwer Habib, Jagat Narula, Frank Kolodgie, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives: To examine selective macrophage differentiation occurring in areas of intraplaque hemorrhage in human atherosclerosis. Background: Macrophage subsets are recognized in atherosclerosis b...
The Mouse GATA-2 Gene is Expressed in the Para-Aortic Splanchnopleura and Aorta-Gonads and Mesonephros Region
Authors: Naoko Minegishi, Jun Ohta, Hironori Yamagiwa, Norio Suzuki, Shimako Kawauchi, Yinghui Zhou, Satoru Takahashi, Norio Hayashi, James Douglas Engel, Masayuki Yamamoto
Journal: Blood (1999)
Collagen Fibre Architecture in the Periodontal Ligament
Authors: P Sloan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1979)

According to a recent review published by the Medical Research Council (1977), periodontal disease is the major cause of tooth loss in adult life.Despite the enormous incidence of periodontal disease, many aspects concerning the basic structure and properties of the attachment tissues of the teeth remain unclear.The question of the nature of the arrangement of the collagen fibres in the periodontal ligament has vexed dental histologists for many years.Careful descriptions of the periodontal ligament were published by Black (1887, 1899), who considered that the periodontal collagen was organized into principal fibre bundles which passed directly from tooth to bone and which supported the tooth rather in the fashion of a sling.Sicher (1923Sicher ( , 1942) ) proposed that the principal fibre bundles did not pass directly from tooth to bone but that instead they formed a spliced arrangement in the middle of the ligament, most clearly defined in continuously erupting teeth.Many authors have questioned the existence of the intermediate plexus (see Zwarych & Quigley 1965) and Ciancio et al. 1967 suggested that it was a histological artefact arising as a result of the section plane lying oblique to the principal fibre bundle direction.Recently, a technique which allows satisfactory examination of the periodontal ligament in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been developed (Sloan et al. 1976) and has been used to examine the fibrous architecture of the periodontal ligament in some teeth of continuous growth (Sloan 1978).It was considered that this method might be employed to examine the arrangement of the periodontal collagen in some teeth of limited growth, where the ligament resembles that of man histologically.
Nasty processes produce nasty guidelines
Authors: Malcolm G Coulthard
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>SUMMARY</h3> White adipose tissue (WAT) is a dynamic tissue, which responds to environmental stimuli and dietary cues by changing its morphology and metabolic capacity. The ability of WAT to undergo a beige remodeling has become an appealing strategy to combat obesity and its related metabolic complications. Within the cell mixture that constitutes the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), WAT beiging is initiated through expansion and differentiation of adipocytes progenitor cells, however, the extent of the SVF cellular changes is still poorly understood. Additionally, direct beta 3 adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) stimulation has been extensively used to mimic physiological cold- induced beiging, yet it is still unknown whether Adrb3 activation induces the same WAT remodeling as cold exposure. Here, by using single cell RNA sequencing, we provide a comprehensive atlas of the cellular dynamics during beige remodeling within white adipose tissue. We reveal drastic changes both in the overall cellular composition and transcriptional states of individual cell subtypes between Adrb3- and cold-induced beiging. Moreover, we demonstrate that cold exposure induces a myeloid to lymphoid shift of the immune compartment compared to Adrb3 activation. Further analysis, showed that Adrb3 stimulation leads to activation of the interferon/Stat1 pathways favoring infiltration of myeloid immune cells, while repression of this pathway by cold promotes lymphoid immune cells recruitment. These findings provide new insight into the cellular dynamics during WAT beige remodeling and could ultimately lead to novel strategies to identify translationally-relevant drug targets to counteract obesity and T2D.
Abstract 15700: [11C]PIB and [11C]Acetate in Positron Emission Tomography: A New Method to Diagnose and Evaluate Cardiac Function in Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Ola Vedin, Gerhard Wikstrom, Gunnar Antoni, Per Westermark, Kristina Carlson, Sara Rosengren, Jens Sorensen
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Cardiac amyloidosis is an important and serious manifestation of systemic amyloidosis. Diagnosis is often delayed and requires several diagnostic procedures including echocardiography...
Immune escape mechanisms in patients with AML receiving WT1 peptide vaccination
Authors: Ulrich Keilholz, Antonia Busse, Sebastian Ochsenreither, Anne Letsch, Carmen Scheibenbogen, Wolfgang Blau, Eckhard Thiel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

A25   Introduction: The transcription factor Wilms’ tumour gene 1 (WT1) is governing cell proliferation in a variety of malignant tumours making it a suitable target for immunotherapy. We have performed two phase II clinical vaccination trials with WT1 peptides in AML/MDS and solid tumors. In approximately half of the patients clinical efficacy of the vaccine was observed for several weeks up to more than one year, however, disease progression eventually occurred in all patients. Here we investigated compartment distribution of epitope-specific T cells and integrity of antigen expression in order to define clinical relevant immune escape mechanisms.  Methods: T cell repertoire and T cell distribution were analysed by BV-family analysis and clonotypic PCR of blood and bone marrow samples. Blasts from ten patients with AML were analysed for WT1 mRNA expression levels, mutations within the epitope encoding region (by melting point analysis and sequencing), and by cytometry for expression of HLA class I and by PCR for expression of members of the antigen processing machinery.  Results: The vaccination induced an oligoclonal T cell response with different TCR genotypes encoding identical or very similar TCR phenotypes. WT1 specific T cell clones were detectable in blood and bone marrow. On the occasion of disease progression, however, the WT1 specific clones were only detectable in blood, not in bone marrow. On the occasion of relapse, down-regulation of WT1 mRNA was only observed in two patients, whereas downregulation of HLA expression or antigen processing defects were not observed in any patient..  Conclusion: Limitation of T cell trafficking appears to be a relevant reason for disease progression in patients initially responding to WT1 peptide vaccine. However, defects in antigen presentation caused by loss or mutation of WT1 or downregulation of HLA molecules or antigen processing mechanisms were not the major basis for immune escape, a finding of crucial importance for further cancer vaccine development.
Abstract 2936: Obesity and Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Systolic Function
Authors: John R Kapoor, Paul A Heidenreich
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Several large cohort studies document better survival in heart failure patients with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and higher body mass index (BMI) compared to those with a lower BMI. It is unclear, though, if this “obesity paradox” applies to heart failure patients with preserved EF or if it extends to the very obese (BMI&gt;35). We followed 1,235 consecutive patients with a prior diagnosis of heart failure and a preserved EF (≥50%) documented on echocardiography at one of three laboratories. We determined adjusted mortality and readmission rates at 1 year following the echocardiogram. Obesity (BMI&gt;30) was noted in 542 patients (44%). The mean age of the cohort was 71 years, but this varied depending on BMI (73 years for BMI&lt;25, 64 years for BMI&gt; 35, p&lt; 0.001). In a subset of patients with complete diastolic indices and LV mass measurements (n=405), 95% had objective evidence of diastolic dysfunction. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality (Figure ) at one year decreased with increasing BMI (31% if BMI &lt; 25, 22% if BMI 25–29, 20% if BMI 30–35 and 19% if BMI&gt;35, p=0.003). In a proportional hazards analysis that adjusted for patient history, demographics and laboratory values, the hazard ratios for total mortality (relative to a normal BMI) were 1.47 (95% CI, 1.06–2.05) for BMI&lt;25, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.64 –1.42) for BMI 30 –35, and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.52–1.31), for BMI &gt;35, p=0.046). Similar findings were noted for the composite endpoint of survival free from heart failure hospitalization. These data suggest that the obesity paradox applies to heart failure patients with preserved systolic function and extends to very obese patients (BMI&gt;35).