tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FcγRIV is a mouse IgE receptor that resembles macrophage FcεRI in humans and promotes IgE-induced lung inflammation
Authors: David A. Mancardi, Bruno Iannascoli, Sylviane Hoos, Patrick England, Marc Daëron, Pierre Bruhns
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

FcgammaRIV is a recently identified mouse activating receptor for IgG2a and IgG2b that is expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils; herein it is referred to as mFcgammaRIV. Although little is known about mFcgammaRIV, it has been proposed to be the mouse homolog of human FcgammaRIIIA (hFcgammaRIIIA) because of high sequence homology. Our work, however, has revealed what we believe to be new properties of mFcgammaRIV that endow this receptor with a previously unsuspected biological significance; we have shown that it is a low-affinity IgE receptor for all IgE allotypes. Although mFcgammaRIV functioned as a high-affinity IgG receptor, mFcgammaRIV-bound monomeric IgGs were readily displaced by IgE immune complexes. Engagement of mFcgammaRIV by IgE immune complexes induced bronchoalveolar and peritoneal macrophages to secrete cytokines, suggesting that mFcgammaRIV may be an equivalent of human FceRI(alphagamma), which is expressed by macrophages and neutrophils and especially in atopic individuals, rather than an equivalent of hFcgammaRIIIA, which has no affinity for IgE. Using mice lacking 3 FcgammaRs and 2 FceRs and expressing mFcgammaRIV only, we further demonstrated that mFcgammaRIV promotes IgE-induced lung inflammation. These data lead us to propose a mouse model of IgE-induced lung inflammation in which cooperation exists between mast cells and mFcgammaRIV-expressing lung cells. We therefore suggest that a similar cooperation may occur between mast cells and hFceRI-expressing lung cells in human allergic asthma.
FIELD VISION AND NEAR VISION
Authors: F. Fergus
Journal: BMJ (1928)

M1CDIA ,J,OUA donie at sufficiently short intervals to make it of value.It canniiot be done haphazard; a list i11ust be kept and cases noted to attend at suitable intervals.The Hospitals.Wlhen we consider children who have come under the purview of the hospitals or infirmaries directly, we find that they have been dismissed to their homes and gone back to school or chronic invalidism.A hospital register would require to be kept of all suchi cases, and a method evolved for their periodic examination.Unless someone accepts responsibility for these, any re-examination is apt to be perfunctory.Advice sent to the school would, of courlse, allow of a certain control, but, as we have seen, tllis is apt to be unsatisfactory.We have now various groups of children whose treatment is being supervised by different people in the same area, and if complications arise these children will mostly gravi- tate to the hospitals for indoor treatment.If we could ensure co-operation between the school service, general practitioners, and hospital authorities, a supervisory centre run in conjunction with a hospital would appear to be the most appropriate soliution, One
A method for the calculation of the relative contributions of recruitment and enhancement to human eccrine sweating
Authors: Juan Carlos Fasciolo, Gregory L. Totel, Becky B. Johnson, Robert E. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The rate of eccrine sweating has been studied by collecting samples in unventilated capsules from human subjects following subdermal or intradermal injections of acetyl-beta-methylcholine and under moderate total body heat exposure. The rate of sweating in a given area of skin could increase by recruitment of fresh glands, enhanced output of the already active glands, or some combination of both.A theoretical analysis shows how recruitment and enhancement can be calculated separately, assuming the existence of a maximal rate of sodium reabsorption by eccrine sweat glands, a sodium concentration of 145 muEq/ml in the precursor fluid, the absence of significant water reabsorption, and the absence of back-diffusion of sodium. The results indicate that, depending on the experimental conditions, an increased rate of sweating can be attributed mainly to recruitment, to enhancement, or to a combination of both.
Effect of homoeopathic treatment on fibrositis.
Authors: A. E. Davies, R. W. Davey
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The process of determining population needs is also in a primitive form and must be encouraged to evolve.The first contracts will of necessity be based on "met demand" as a proxy for "need."The more refined definition of need, based on epidemiological principles, will evolve over time.Survival of the fittest seems to be a fundamental principle of the white paper's philosophy.The competition should, however, be between provider units and not between providers and commission- ing authorities; if commissioning authorities are vested with real powers in making informed choices and monitoring performance then there are real opportunities for incorporating measures of clinical effectiveness within the contract framework outlined in the white paper.
Comparison of characteristics from White‐ and Black‐Americans with venous thromboembolism: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: John A. Heit, Michele G. Beckman, Paula L. Bockenstedt, Althea M. Grant, Nigel S. Key, Roshni Kulkarni, Marilyn J. Manco‐Johnson, Stephan Moll, Thomas L. Ortel, Claire S. Philipp
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

When compared with Whites, Black-Americans may have a 40% higher incidence venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence. However, whether other VTE characteristics and risk factors vary by race is uncertain. To compare demographic and baseline characteristics among White- and Black-Americans with VTE, we used data prospectively collected from consecutive consenting adults enrolled in seven Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Thrombosis and Hemostasis Centers from August 2003 to March 2009. These characteristics were compared among Whites (n = 2002) and Blacks (n = 395) with objectively diagnosed VTE, both overall, and by age and gender. When compared with Whites, Blacks had a significantly higher proportion with pulmonary embolism (PE), including idiopathic PE among Black women, and a significantly higher proportion of Blacks were women. Blacks had a significantly higher mean BMI and a significantly lower proportion with recent surgery, trauma or infection, family history of VTE, and documented thrombophilia (solely from reduced factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A prevalence). Conversely, Blacks had a significantly higher proportion with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease and dialysis, HIV, and sickle cell disease. When compared with White women, Black women had a significantly lower proportion with recent oral contraceptive use or hormone therapy. We conclude that Whites and Blacks differ significantly regarding demographic and baseline characteristics that may be risk factors for VTE. The prevalence of transient VTE risk factors and idiopathic VTE among Blacks appears to be lower and higher, respectively, suggesting that heritability may be important in the etiology of VTE among Black-Americans.
The role of the human homologue of Drosophila patched in sporadic basal cell carcinomas
Authors: Mae R. Gailani, Mona Ståhle-Bäckdahl, David J. Leffell, Michael Glyn, Peter G. Zaphiropoulos, Anne Birgitte Undén, Michael Dean, Douglas E. Brash, Allen E. Bale, Rune Toftgård
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
ABC of colorectal diseases. The irritable bowel syndrome.
Authors: K. J. Moriarty
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Gastrointestinal symptoms and disordersoin the irritable bowel Patients with the irritable bowel syndrome can be subdivided into those syndrome with spastic constipation, who have abdominal pain related to disturbances Halitosis; unpleasanttaste; dry mouth; of bowel action, and those with painless diarrhoea, who complain of ptyalism; furredtongue; burning tongue; increased stool frequency not associated with abdominal pain.lump in the throat; globus sensation; chronic or recurrent nausea; psychogenic vomiting;Most patients with the syndrome have "functional abdominal pain."As rumination; heartburn; water brash;this may arise at any, site from the oesophagus to the rectum the expression postprandial epigastric fullness; early "irritable gut" may be more appropriate.The expression "functional pain" satiety; butterflies in the abdomen; sinking is sometimes used inappropriately to suggest that the pain does not really feeling in the pit of the abdomen; tachygastria; gas: aerophagia, burping, exist or "is in the patient's mind."Functional pain can, however, be just as belching, borborygmus (gurgling), wind, severe and disabling as organic pain.distension, excessive flatus; abdominal About 30% of people with functional gastrointestinal symptoms such as proptosis (bloating); proctalgia fugax; abdominal pain, erratic bowel habit, and abdominal distension have the dyschezia; tenesmus; incomplete irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed.
ACUTE MASTOID SUPPURATION AND SUPPURATION IN THE NECK: TREATED WITH STAPHYLOCOCCUS VACCINE
Authors: J. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1909)

STAPHYLOCOCCUS VACCINE IN MASTOID SUPPUR&TION. (BMB;OLM" 1747_ileo-caecal valve is not occluded by any growth or foreign body, -the appendix is also patent, nor is there any concretion or polypus either in it or the ileum.Kelly and Hurdon in their work on the Vermiform Appendix (1905) draw attention to the rarity of intussus- ception of the appendix, either alone or associated with other intussusceptions, and also to the fact that such an occurrence usually takes place in children, for in only one of the 19 collected histories was the patient an adult.These authors divide the cases into three groups:1.Those in which the appendix is carried along incidentally with the intussusceptum.2. Those' in which the intussusceptum starts at the appendicular junction portion of the colon.3. Those in which there is an inversion of the appendix either with or without inversion of gut.The case now recorded falls, I think, into the third class;that is to say, the appendix was partially inverted, or to be more accurate, it was turned inside out at its base, and for some distance, and travelled thus up the ascending into the transverse colon, maintaining its position at the apex of an intussusceptum, which was composed of inverted ¢aecum and ascending colon.Battle and Corner also allude to the condition in some detail in their work on The Surgery of the Diseases of the Appendi-o Vermiformis and their Complicatiaons (1904), and Mr. E. M.
Expression of Gene Trios as Predictive Markers of Response to Doxorubicin Based Primary Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients.
Authors: M. de Camargo Barros Filho, M. Katayama, H. Brentani, A. Abreu, C. Oliveira, J. Góes, E. Barbosa, M. Brentani, M. Folgueira
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Some studies have been carried out to identify a gene expression profile predictive of drug response in breast cancer patients and assessed the reproducibility of the model in an independent group of patients. In common, these studies have used the same technique already used to identify the panel of genes in a training set, to verify accuracy of the model in a validation set. We have previously identified through cDNA microarray technology gene trios whose expression was capable of predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based in doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in breast cancer patients. We have now evaluated whether expression of these genes analyzed by real time RT-PCR, which represents a more accessible technique, would reproduce cDNA microarray results in separating responsive from non-responsive patients. Twenty eight samples, already studied by cDNA microarray, were analyzed as a technical validation group and subsequently, another 14 samples were evaluated, as a biological validation group. Expression of nine genes (defining five trio combinations, previously identified) was evaluated by RT-PCR in samples from the technical validation group, to define the separating plane, using linear discriminant analysis. Among the five trios, the best separation of tumors was conferred by RPL37A, XLHSRF-1 based trios (with NOTCH1 or NUP210, as third genes), which correctly classified 86% of samples from the technical validation group and 82% in a cross-validation analysis (leave-one-out). Next, samples from the biological validation group were spatially distributed using the pre-established features from these two trios, resulting in 71% correct classification. Additionally, other gene combinations were searched for a higher accuracy in discriminating response and expression of a new trio, RPL37A, SMYD2 and MTSS1, correctly classified 86% and 79% of samples from the technical validation (leave-one-out cross-validation) and the biological validation groups, respectively. Expression values evaluated by cDNA microarray and RT-PCR are reproducible, however they are not exactly the same as these methods are based on different technical principles and normalization approaches. Our data indicate that care should be taken when substituting techniques in an attempt to reproduce a model. In conclusion, expression of the gene trio RPL37A, SMYD2, MTSS1, as evaluated by RT-PCR, is a potential candidate as predictive marker of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2040.
Eectrophysiological observations in pateints with rate dependent bundle branch block.
Authors: P Denes, D Wu, R C Dhingra, F Amat-y-leon, C Wyndham, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Electrophysiological studies were conducted in 15 patients with tachycardic rate dependent bundle branch block (RDBBB): ten with left, and five with right. No bradycardic RDBBB was observed, despite occurrence of cycle lengths (CL) longer than 1200 msec in over half the patients studied. Onset of RDBBB was abrupt in 13 patients, and gradual in two. In three patients, the CL allowing reversion to normal conduction (once RDBBB was initiated) was 50, 55, and 190 msec longer, respectively, than the CL inducing RDBBB. Bundle brance refractory periods (RP) were measured with atrial extrastimulus technique in five patients. All RP (except one) were prolonged at all tested CL when compared to patients without conduction disease. The expected decrease in RP with shortening of CL did not occur in four of the five patients. The electrophysiological abnormality in patients with DBBB thus appeared to be an increase in refractoriness in the affected bundle branch, along with a loss of the normal decrease in refractoriness with decrease in CL. Similar findings might be demonstrable in patients with early bundle branch disease.
ISOPROTERENOL FOR SHOCK
Authors: OSCAR FEINSILVER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 October 1969ISOPROTERENOL FOR SHOCKOSCAR FEINSILVER, M.D., F.A.C.P.OSCAR FEINSILVER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-4-867_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:I read with considerable interest the editorial "Isoproterenol for the Treatment of Shock" (Ann. Intern. Med. 70: 638, 1969). It is clear that the author feels that isoproterenol is indicated when the balance that exists between the beneficial effects of the drug on the circulation and delivery of oxygen exceeds the harmful effects. The latter, it was shown, consists of the production of myocardial ischemia by stimulation of the heart beyond the available oxygen supply. Another consideration that might interfere with the usefulness of isoproterenol is the shunting through the lung produced by the drug with consequent...Reference1. PETERSVISSCHER HCMB: The energy metabolism of the heart in failure and the influence of drugs upon it. Amer. Heart J. 11: 273, 1936. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 390 Main St. Worcester, Mass. 01608 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1969Volume 71, Issue 4Page: 867-867KeywordsDrug deliveryDrugsHeartIschemiaIsoproterenolLungsOxygenShock Issue Published: 1 October 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Time to leave behind genocidal weapons
Authors: B. Lown
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Soon we shall cross the threshold into a new millennium. It would be no small contribution, for generations yet unborn, to leave behind genocidal weapons as the property of the barbaric 20th century. Indeed, an unprecedented opportunity exists for achieving that seemingly quixotic goal. This spring, signatories to the Non-Proliferation Treaty will assemble in New York to decide whether to renew, modify, or reject the treaty. Certainly non-renewal would post a singular threat for global security and international peace. Would the treaty's indefinite extension then be a blessing, as is forcefully argued by the nuclear powers?

The Non-Proliferation Treaty was drafted in 1968 and entered in full force two years later. This multinational instrument was intended as a firebreak against the spread of nuclear weapons. Many nations had foregone nuclearism because of the promises and commitments enshrined in this treaty. The treaty represented a bargain: in return for not acquiring nuclear weapons, the non-weapon states would have free access to peaceful uses of nuclear energy under international safeguards, while the nuclear powers would rapidly divest themselves of their nuclear arsenals.

This second objective was clearly spelt out in the treaty and is explicitly stated in article VI. The words are precise, leaving little room for obfuscation—“to achieve at the earliest possible date the cessation of the nuclear arms race” and “to facilitate the cessation of the manufacture of nuclear weapons, the liquidation of their nuclear stockpiles, and the elimination from national arsenals of nuclear weapons and the means of their delivery pursuant to a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control.” This article was intended to provide an acceptable balance of compensation to those who forswore possession …
West Berkshire perineal management trial.
Authors: J Sleep, A Grant, J Garcia, D Elbourne, J Spencer, I Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (1984)

One thousand women were allocated at random to one of two perineal management policies, both intended to minimise trauma during spontaneous vaginal delivery. In one the aim was to restrict episiotomy to fetal indications; in the other the operation was to be used more liberally to prevent perineal tears. The resultant episiotomy rates were 10% and 51% respectively. An intact perineum was more common among those allocated to the restrictive policy. This group experienced more perineal and labial tears, however, and included four of the five cases of severe trauma. There were no significant differences between the two groups either in neonatal state or in maternal pain and urinary symptoms 10 days and three months post partum. Women allocated to the restrictive policy were more likely to have resumed sexual intercourse within a month after delivery. These findings provide little support either for liberal use of episiotomy or for claims that reduced use of the operation decreases postpartum morbidity.
Reducing Calcium Overload in the Ischemic Brain
Authors: G J Zipfel, J M Lee, D W Choi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The development of effective treatments for stroke has focused on two general strategies. The first, thrombolysis, became available in 1996, when the Food and Drug Administration approved alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator) for administration within three hours after the onset of ischemic stroke. The goal of thrombolysis is to restore blood flow by lysing an intraarterial thrombus before brain cells die. The second, neuroprotection, is still in the preclinical pipeline. Its aim is to attenuate the intrinsic vulnerability of brain tissue to ischemia by blocking biochemical cascades that cause secondary injury. Prominent among these cascades is the neurotoxicity induced by the . . .
Septicemia Due to<i>Mycoplasma hominis</i>Type 1
Authors: Joseph G. Tully, Marilyn S. Brown, John N. Sheagren, Viola M. Young, Sheldon M. Wolff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

ALTHOUGH mycoplasma (pleuropneumonia-like organisms) have been described principally as animal pathogens recent evidence has indicated that these organisms can be the cause of human illness. The identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae as the etiologic agent in primary atypical pneumonia demonstrated for the first time the role that these micro-organisms can play in human infection.1 Numerous reports have been made of the recovery of M. hominis Type 1 strains from the normal human genitourinary tract and their more frequent occurrence in association with venereal disease, nonbacterial urethritis, cervicitis and other inflammatory diseases of the genital tract. More recently, M. hominis Type 1 . . .
Postgastrectomy hypoglycemia: a new look
Authors: H. T. Ricketts
Journal: JAMA (1971)

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Functional Core/Shell Drug Nanoparticles for Highly Effective Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wei Li, Xiujuan Zhang, Mengjiao Zhou, Baishun Tian, Caitong Yu, Jiansheng Jie, Xiaojun Hao, Xiaohong Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Gold (Au)‐nanoshelled 10‐hydroxycamptothecin nanoparticles (HCPT NPs) are developed with combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy for highly effective cancer therapy. The strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorbance from Au nanoshells endows the nanocomposites photothermal effects and on‐demand drug release. Notably, the drug‐loading content reaches up to 63.7 wt%, which is much higher than that in the previously reported nanovehicles systems. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the combined local specific chemotherapy with external NIR photothermal therapy demonstrates a synergistic effect, which is significantly better than either of them alone. More importantly, due to the high drug‐loading content and efficient photothermal effects of the nanocomposites, 100% in vivo tumor elimination is achieved at a low laser irradiation power density of 1 W cm − 2 without weight loss and tumor recurrence. No obvious systematic toxicity is observed for the injected mice, indicating the good biocompatibility of this kind of multifunctional drug nanocomposites. This work highlights the great potential of drug–nanostructure‐based multifunctional core/shell nanpocomposite for highly efficient cancer therapy.