tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of IV-type collagen contents in BALF of patients with COPD
Authors: Mykola Ostrovskyy, Iryna Savelikhina, Oleksandr Varunkiv, Mariana Kulynych-Miskiv
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are diagnosed in 4-6 % of men and 1-3 % of women above 40 years old. The persistent inflammatory process in bronchi, the development of microcirculation disorders, the increasing of hypoxia processes result in the activation of fibroblasts and their production of IV-type collagen, which is manifested by the formation of peribronchial pneumosclerosis.  Purpose of the study: the evaluation of the IV-type collagen level dynamics in BALF of patients with COPD.  Materials and methods. The contents of IV-type collagen in BALF has been evaluated by the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 28 patients with 2nd stage of COPD in a relapse phase, and then in the same patients again in 6,4 ± 1,2 years during the transformation of the diagnosis into 3rd stage of COPD.  Results of the study: The contents of IV-type collagen in BALF with II stage COPD in the relapse phase was (38,61±2,12) ng / ml, which is 3,99 times higher than in almost healthy people whose level was (9,68±0,54) ng / ml. The average FEV1 magnitude was 57,4 ± 4,2 %. During the progressing of COPD and its transformation into 3rd stage, the average magnitude of the FEV1 indicator was 43,4 ± 3,6 %; the IV-type collagen level in BALF rose up to 35 % in comparison with previous data and was equal (52.13±3.12) ng / ml.  Conclusions: The progressing of COPD is accompanied by the increase of the remodulation of bronchial tree due to peribronchial pneumosclerosis, which is manifested by the IV-type collagen levels rise.
Homoharringtonine and Low-Dose Cytarabine in the Management of Late Chronic-Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Hagop M. Kantarjian, Moshe Talpaz, Terry L. Smith, Jorge Cortes, Francis J. Giles, Mary Beth Rios, Susie Mallard, James Gajewski, Anthony Murgo, Bruce Cheson, Susan O’Brien
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: : To evaluate the efficacy andtoxicity profiles of a combination regimen of homoharringtonine (HHT)and low-dose cytarabine (ara-C) in patients with Philadelphiachromosome (Ph)–positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) whohad experienced treatment failure with interferon alfa (IFNα)therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred five patients were treated: 100 in chronicphase (15 with cytogenetic clonal evolution) and five in acceleratedphase. Their median age was 52 years; all had been treatedunsuccessfully with IFNα; 94% were in late chronic phase; 43% hadbeen exposed to ara-C and 11% had been exposed to HHT. Patientsreceived HHT 2.5 mg/m 2 by continuousinfusion daily for 5 days and ara-C 15mg/m 2 daily in two subcutaneous injectionsfor 5 days every 4 weeks. The outcome of the 100 patients in chronicphase was compared with a previous study group of 73 patients treatedwith HHT alone. RESULTS: Overall, the complete hematologic response (CHR) rate in chronic phasewas 72%; the cytogenetic response rate was 32% (major response, 15%;complete response, 5%). Toxicities were acceptable, mostly related tomoderate diarrhea (3%), headaches (3%), cardiovascular events (3%),and myelosuppression-associated complications (3% to 14%). With amedian follow-up period of 25 months, the estimated 4-year survivalrate was 55%. Response rates were identical with HHT plus ara-C versusHHT alone, but the survival was significantly longer with thecombination after accounting for differences in the study groups andby multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The combination regimen of HHT and ara-C is effective andsafe in patients with CML who have experienced treatment failure withIFNα and needs to be investigated together with IFNα as partof front-line CML therapy. The addition of ara-C did not improve theresponse rates but may have improved survival, perhaps throughsuppression of clones related to diseasetransformation.
Brief Report: Childhood‐Onset Systemic Necrotizing Vasculitides: Long‐Term Data From the French Vasculitis Study Group Registry
Authors: Michele Iudici, Xavier Puéchal, Christian Pagnoux, Pierre Quartier, Christian Agard, Achille Aouba, Matthias Buchler, Ramiro Cevallos, Pascal Cohen, Claire de Moreuil, Philippe Guilpain, Alain Le Quellec, Pascal Roblot, Jacques Serratrice, Claude Bachmeyer, Eric Daugas, Benjamin Terrier, Luc Mouthon, Loïc Guillevin
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

To describe the initial features and long-term outcomes of childhood-onset small vessel and medium vessel systemic necrotizing vasculitides (SNVs), including antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides (AAVs) and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN).Data on patients with childhood-onset SNV registered in the French Vasculitis Study Group database were reviewed for demographic characteristics, clinical, laboratory, and histologic features, and outcomes. Disease activity was assessed with the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score and the Paediatric Vasculitis Activity Score, and damage was scored using the Vasculitis Damage Index. Relapse and survival rates and causes of death were analyzed.Fifty-six patients (35 with AAV and 21 with PAN) (median age at database enrollment 14 years [range 2-17]) were included in the study. The median duration of followup was 96 months (range 1-336); two-thirds of the patients were followed up beyond 18 years of age. Six patients (11%) died, mostly of SNV-related causes. Relapse rates ranged from 33% for microscopic polyangiitis to 50% for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) and 83% for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's), with similar rates among AAV and PAN patients (76% and 75%, respectively); neither overall survival nor relapse-free survival differed significantly between the 2 disease groups. Rates of relapse increased after 18 years of age, both among patients with AAV and among patients with PAN. At the last followup evaluation, AAV patients had more major flares and more severe accrued damage compared with PAN patients.Despite similar relapse rates, patients with childhood-onset AAVs experienced more major flares with more cumulative damage than those with pediatric PAN. Treatments aimed at reducing the rates of mortality and relapse in this patient group need to be developed and assessed.
Comparison of an Immunoresistant and an Immunosusceptible Ascites Subline From Murine Tumor TA3. I. Transplantability, Morphology, and Some Physicochemical Characteristics&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Sten Friberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Two ascites lines have evolved from the murine mammary adenocarcinoma TA3. One line, TA3-St, is strain specific and grows preferentially in A/Sn mice. The other line, TA3-Ha, can grow in other strains of mice and has developed immunoresistance without any known selection pressure. The present studies indicate that the ascites TA3-Ha line transgressed all histocompatibility barriers in mice tested, even at low cell inocula, and also grew in some xenogeneic hosts. Cytological examination revealed some similarities, but marked differences in karyotypes were found. Electron microscope scans indicate that TA3-Ha cells had a smoother membrane surface structure than TA3-St cells. The near-diploid TA3-Ha line grew slightly faster than the aneuploid TA3-St line in A/Sn mice; this finding was based on the total assessable cell number per mouse, as well as the calculated total tumor-cell mass. TA3-Ha cells had a higher electrophoretic mobility than TA3-St cells, indicating a higher net-negative surface charge of the former. TA3-Ha cells were not agglutinated by the plant lectin Concanavalin A, in contrast to TA3-St cells and all other murine ascites tumors tested.
Acute Leukemia in Polycythemia Vera
Authors: S A Landaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Virtually every aspect concerning the occurrence of acute leukemia in polycythemia vera is controversial. However, a list of those factors believed to have importance in leukemogenesis in this disease includes: maleness, ethnic origin, the presence of myeloid metaplasia and/or early WBC precursors in the peripheral blood at the time of presentation, the influence of prolonged survival, and a possible dose-response relationship with 32P treatment. Many of the features of PV suggest that it is a malignant disease per se, with other factors (such as clones of cells, or altered host response) combining to increase the leukemogenic potential of the agents used to control the disease. It does appear that the incidence of AL in PV treated with 32P and/or x-ray is many times higher than that for PV treated with phlebotomy alone. However, overall survival for 32P-treated patients appears to be longer than that for phlebotomy treatment. Further, for both 32P and phlebotomy treatments, patients with AL do not die an an earlier age than do patients not developing this complication. Since the transformation of PV into AL has been described in more than 20 patients treated with phlebotomy alone, and in more than 30 patients treated with chemotherapy and phlebotomy, the question concerning the occurrence of AL in PV no longer appears to revolve around whether this is a function of the leukemogenicity of 32P or the effect of prolongation of survival. The occurrence of AL in multiple myeloma, lymphomas, other malignancies, and in nonmalignant diseases following treatment with myelosuppressive agents, forces one to consider the leukemogenic potential of any agent capable of suppressing the panmyelopathy of this disease, as well as the inherent tendency to AL of the "untreated" disease. Hopefully, the next decade will give us a more complete understanding of the complex interrelationships between PV, its treatment, and AL.
Hospitalization Type and Subsequent Severe Sepsis
Authors: Hallie C. Prescott, Robert P. Dickson, Mary A. M. Rogers, Kenneth M. Langa, Theodore J. Iwashyna
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Hospitalization is associated with microbiome perturbation (dysbiosis), and this perturbation is more severe in patients treated with antimicrobials.To evaluate whether hospitalizations known to be associated with periods of microbiome perturbation are associated with increased risk of severe sepsis after hospital discharge.We studied participants in the U.S. Health and Retirement Study with linked Medicare claims (1998-2010). We measured whether three hospitalization types associated with increasing severity of probable dysbiosis (non-infection-related hospitalization, infection-related hospitalization, and hospitalization with Clostridium difficile infection [CDI]) were associated with increasing risk for severe sepsis in the 90 days after hospital discharge. We used two study designs: the first was a longitudinal design with between-person comparisons and the second was a self-controlled case series design using within-person comparison.We identified 43,095 hospitalizations among 10,996 Health and Retirement Study-Medicare participants. In the 90 days following non-infection-related hospitalization, infection-related hospitalization, and hospitalization with CDI, adjusted probabilities of subsequent admission for severe sepsis were 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8-4.4%), 7.1% (95% CI, 6.6-7.6%), and 10.7% (95% CI, 7.7-13.8%), respectively. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of severe sepsis was 3.3-fold greater during the 90 days after hospitalizations than during other observation periods. The IRR was 30% greater after an infection-related hospitalization versus a non-infection-related hospitalization. The IRR was 70% greater after a hospitalization with CDI than an infection-related hospitalization without CDI.There is a strong dose-response relationship between events known to result in dysbiosis and subsequent severe sepsis hospitalization that is not present for rehospitalization for nonsepsis diagnoses.
Intra-arterial Tc-99m MDP injection mimicking reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
Authors: MURAT FANI BOZKURT, OMER UGUR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

From Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara, Turkey Received for publication November 30, 1999. Revision accepted June 13, 2000. Reprint requests: Murat Fani Bozkurt, M.D., Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, TR-06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]
Hormonal Status of Breast Cancer. III. Further Analysis of Ovarian-Adrenal Dysfunction 2
Authors: Mitsuo Kodama, Toshiko Kodama, Sigeto Miura, Minoru Yoshida
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Detailed studies of urinary steroids in patients with breast cancer and normal controls have shown that abnormal aging processes and depressed corpus luteum function were associated with the presence of this form of cancer. The ratio of androsterone to tetrahydrocortisol, an index of the aging process, was significantly lower in a breast cancer group than in a normal group at both premenopausal and postmenopausal stages. In premenopausal women, the ratio decreased in the order of rural controls, urban controls, and patients with breast cancer. It was indicated that the ratio may serve as a measure of risk for breast cancer. Aside from the general depression of menstruation-dependent steroids, breast cancer was associated with disproportionately low excretions of prenanediol and pregnanetriol within the menstruation-dependent steroid family. The notion that this finding reflects the delay or complete failure of ovulation was supported by a reduced parturition rate of our patients with breast cancer as compared with that of our normal controls. The physiologic significance of steroidal disturbances was considered in relation to the genesis of breast cancer.
Quantitative immunology of immune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Wendell F. Rosse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The concentration of cell-bound and serum antibody was determined in a series of patients with warm antibody immune hemolytic anemia by determining the amount of C[unk]1 fixed to the cells by anti-IgG. This was compared to the rate of hemolysis as determined by hemoglobin concentration and reticulocyte count, or the endogenous production of carbon monoxide. The rate of hemolysis was, in general, proportional to the concentration of cell-bound antibody. In splenectomized patients, the rate of hemolysis was very much less than in unsplenectomized patients for a given concentration of cell-bound antibody. When prednisone was given, three effects were noted: (a) at high doses of drug, the concentration of cell-bound antibody decreased rapidly and the concentration of serum antibody increased, suggesting that the affinity of antibody for antigen had been altered; (b) in patients achieving remission, the concentration of serum antibody fell to low levels but rose again if the dose of prednisone was insufficient; (c) in one patient, prednisone appeared to inhibit sequestration of highly sensitized cells.
Unusual molecular evolution of an Adh pseudogene in Drosophila.
Authors: D T Sullivan, W T Starmer, S W Curtiss, M Menotti-Raymond, J Yum
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1994)

The Adh locus in Drosophila species which are members of the repleta group contains products of one or two duplication events. In all species examined to date one of the Adh genes is now a pseudogene, since mutations have rendered these genes incapable of being translated into a functional alcohol dehydrogenase. These pseudogenes contain introns in the standard Adh gene position; hence, their origin is not by retrotransposition. Comparison of the sequences of the Adh-psi from representatives of each of the subgroups of the repleta group reveal that the Adh pseudogene is present in each subgroup and that mutations at codon 2 and a deletion in the region immediately 5' to Adh-psi are common to all species. Therefore, it is likely that the translational inactivation event that resulted in a pseudogene occurred before the divergence of the species that make up the repleta group. We have investigated the transcription of Adh-psi of D. hydei and have found that the transcription has a developmental profile dissimilar from any known Adh gene, does not utilize an Adh promoter, and is initiated at a point almost 12 kb upstream. Comparison of sequence divergence of Adh-psi within species of the repleta group reveals that rates of evolution of the exons of Adh-psi are substantially slower than intergenic regions and are only slightly faster than those of exons of functional Adh genes. Second, retention of codon bias is found in the Adh-psi of most species, and substitution at synonymous coding positions substantially exceeds substitution at nonsynonymous coding positions. Comparison of the evolution of other putative pseudogenes with repleta group Adh pseudogenes suggests that at least some pseudogene sequences in Drosophila may be evolving through mechanisms and/or under influences not presently understood.
Early determinants of lung function in African infants
Authors: Diane Gray, Lauren Willemse, Ane Alberts, Graham Hall, Heather Zar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: There is limited data on lung function in African infants despite a high prevalence of respiratory disease.  Aim: To assess antenatal and early life factors associated with early lung function in African infants.  Method:Infants enrolled in the Drakenstein child health study, a South African birth cohort had lung function measured at 6-10 weeks of age. Measurements, made with the infant breathing via a facemask in natural sleep, included tidal breathing, exhaled nitric oxide and multiple breath washout measures. Information on antenatal and postnatal exposures was collected using questionnaires and, for tobacco smoke exposure, urine cotinine.  Results:Successful tests were obtained in 425/448 (95%) infants with a mean (SD) age of 7.5 (4) wks, weight 4.8 (0.8) kg, length 54.7 (3) cm and gestation 38.6 (2.3) weeks; 228 (51%) infants were male, 67 (15%) preterm (  Conclusions: Intrauterine and early life exposures have a significant impact on lung growth and function in early infancy which may constitute a risk for subsequent respiratory illness.
Effects of oxidized low-density lipoprotein on vascular contraction and relaxation: clinical and pharmacological implications in atherosclerosis.
Authors: D A Cox, M L Cohen
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (1996)

Oxidized LDL exerts profound effects on the vasomotor response of isolated blood vessels to various stimuli that closely mimic the vascular dysfunction associated with hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in humans. The beneficial effect of lipid-lowering therapy in normalizing vascular function and greatly decreasing the frequency of clinical events associated with atherosclerosis, combined with the ability of antioxidants to alleviate vasomotor disturbances in hypercholesterolemia and slow the progression of atherosclerosis, strongly support a causative role of oxidized LDL in mediating vascular dysfunction in vivo and contributing to the clinical sequalae of coronary artery disease. Further research to understand more fully the mechanisms of oxidized LDL formation and actions in vivo may reveal novel strategies to inhibit these events, and may prove beneficial in the therapeutic management of atherosclerotic disease.
Does prolonged cycling of moderate intensity affect immune cell function?
Authors: J Scharhag, T Meyer, H H W Gabriel, B Schlick, O Faude, W Kindermann
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Background: Prolonged exercise may induce temporary immunosuppression with a presumed increased susceptibility for infection. However, there are only few data on immune cell function after prolonged cycling at moderate intensities typical for road cycling training sessions. Methods: The present study examined the influence on immune cell function of 4 h of cycling at a constant intensity of 70% of the individual anaerobic threshold. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte and lymphocyte populations, activities of natural killer (NK), neutrophils, and monocytes were examined before and after exercise, and also on a control day without exercise. Results: Cycling for 4 h induced a moderate acute phase response with increases in IL-6 from 1.0 (SD 0.5) before to 9.6 (5.6) pg/ml 1 h after exercise and CRP from 0.5 (SD 0.4) before to 1.8 (1.3) mg/l 1 day after exercise. Although absolute numbers of circulating NK cells, monocytes, and neutrophils increased during exercise, on a per cell basis NK cell activity, neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis, and monocyte oxidative burst did not significantly change after exercise. However, a minor effect over time for neutrophil oxidative burst was noted, tending to decrease after exercise. Conclusions: Prolonged cycling at moderate intensities does not seem to seriously alter the function of cells of the first line of defence. Therefore, the influence of a single typical road cycling training session on the immune system is only moderate and appears to be safe from an immunological point of view.
Perinucleolar Compartment Prevalence Has an Independent Prognostic Value for Breast Cancer
Authors: Rajesh V. Kamath, Ann D. Thor, Chen Wang, Susan M. Edgerton, Alicja Slusarczyk, D.J. Leary, J. Wang, E.L. Wiley, B. Jovanovic, Q. Wu, R. Nayar, P. Kovarik, F. Shi, Sui Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

The perinucleolar compartment (PNC) is a multicomponent nuclear structure enriched with RNAs transcribed by RNA pol III and RNA binding proteins. Studies in cultured cells showed an association between PNC and transformed phenotype. To evaluate the relationship between structure and malignancy in vivo, we examined PNC prevalence (the percentage of cells containing at least one PNC) in normal and cancerous paraffin-embedded breast tissues using immunohistochemistry against a PNC-associated protein. Five hundred nuclei in the most active area of each sample were scored for PNC prevalence. The results show that PNC prevalence significantly correlates with the progression of breast cancer (by the criteria of staging). PNC prevalence in primary tumors, lymph nodes, and distant metastases shows a stepwise increase from a median of 23% in primary tumors to approximately 100% in distant metastases. In addition, univariate and multivariate (controlling for tumor size and grade) analyses show that early-stage patients with invasive ductal carcinomas containing a higher PNC prevalence have a significantly poorer prognosis. These findings link PNC prevalence with the progression of breast cancer in vivo and suggest that PNC-containing cells have metastatic advantages. These findings also show the potential of PNC prevalence as a prognostic marker for breast cancer.