tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P228: Distribution of Multisite Atherosclerosis in Persons with Metabolic Syndrome &amp; Diabetes: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Marcella A Evans, Matthew A Allison, Alain G Bertoni, Matthew J Budoff, Michael H Criqui, Shaista Malik, Pamela Ouyang, Joseph F Polak, Nathan D Wong
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: The extent of atherosclerosis across multiple vascular beds in persons with metabolic syndrome (Mets) and diabetes (DM) has not been documented. We hypothesized a greater presence/extent of multisite atherosclerosis in MetS and DM, vs. neither. Methods: We analyzed four vascular beds (coronary (CA), abdominal aorta (AA), carotid, peripheral vascular) in subjects without cardiovascular disease from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, who had complete data on these measures. Multisite atherosclerosis was defined as the presence/extent of CA calcium, AA calcium, carotid intimal medial thickness (disease ≥1mm) and borderline/abnormal (&lt;1 or ≥1.3) ankle brachial index. We then created a composite score summing the continuous gender-stratified standardized z-scores for each measure. ANOVA compared least squares means across disease states; logistic regression gave odds of being in the top quartile of the composite score distribution. We adjusted for non-MetS risk factors (age, gender, ethnicity, smoking, LDL-C, lipid medications, family history). Results: Of 1,771 subjects (mean age 64, 50% male, 40% Caucasian, 25% Hispanic, 21% African American, 14% Chinese), 25% had MetS and 13% DM. Persons with DM or Mets had a greater number of sites positive for atherosclerosis ( figure ). Adjusted mean composite scores increased across disease groups (neither disease 0.24, MetS 0.88, DM 1.38, p&lt;0.001 between groups). Adjusted logistic regression showed that the odds of being in the top quartile of the composite score were higher for those with DM OR=4.42 [2.21-8.83] p&lt;0.001 and MetS OR=2.72 [1.63-4.56] p&lt;0.001, vs. neither condition. Conclusions: Those with MetS or DM have an increased prevalence and extent of multisite atherosclerosis. Whether disease in one vascular bed should prompt further evaluation, and how this relates to future CVD events, requires further investigation. Our findings support the concept that atherosclerosis in those with MetS or DM is more likely to be systemic vs. site-specific.
Expression of type I and III interferons in experimental allergic asthma and after dsRNA-induced exacerbation
Authors: Irma Mahmutovic Persson, Hamid Akbarshahi, Angelica Brandelius, Lena Uller
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Exacerbations of asthma, typically caused by viral infections, are serious conditions in need of effective treatment. Animal models mimicking clinical features of asthma exacerbations including lung interferon responses are needed. Here we examined effects of dsRNA and the expression of two interferons using a model of allergic asthma additionally challenged with the rhinovirus infection intermediate dsRNA.

Experimental asthma in mice was established by immunisation (ip) with OVA-alum and 2 weeks later exposure to aerosolised OVA (30 min daily for 4 days). Mice with already established allergic asthma or control animals received intranasal challenge with dsRNA for 3 days. BALF was analysed for total- and differential cell counts as well as total protein. Lung tissue was obtained for lung histology and RT-qPCR analysis for IFN-β and IFN-λ.

Results: dsRNA-induced exacerbations in mice with established allergic asthma were recorded as increased BALF levels of total protein (p<0.05), increased lung Htx-inflammation score (p<0.001), and increased BALF- and lung tissue neutrophilia (p<0.001). Allergen challenge alone increased IFN-β (p<0.001) but not IFN-λ. dsRNA-induced exacerbation increased IFN-λ (p<0.05) but produced no further increase in IFN-β.

Conclusions: Interestingly, mRNA expression of IFN-β was increased after allergen challenge but was not further enhanced after dsRNA challenge. Lung tissue expression of IFN-λ was increased exclusively in animals with both allergic asthma and dsRNA-induced exacerbation. This model is suited for studies of inflammatory and antiviral defence aspects of asthma exacerbations, including pharmacology of lung expression of IFN-β and IFN-λ.
CCL2-induced chemokine cascade promotes breast cancer metastasis by enhancing retention of metastasis-associated macrophages
Authors: Takanori Kitamura, Bin-Zhi Qian, Daniel Soong, Luca Cassetta, Roy Noy, Gaël Sugano, Yu Kato, Jiufeng Li, Jeffrey W. Pollard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

Pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer cells is promoted by a distinct population of macrophages, metastasis-associated macrophages (MAMs), which originate from inflammatory monocytes (IMs) recruited by the CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). We demonstrate here that, through activation of the CCL2 receptor CCR2, the recruited MAMs secrete another chemokine ligand CCL3. Genetic deletion of CCL3 or its receptor CCR1 in macrophages reduces the number of lung metastasis foci, as well as the number of MAMs accumulated in tumor-challenged lung in mice. Adoptive transfer of WT IMs increases the reduced number of lung metastasis foci in Ccl3 deficient mice. Mechanistically, Ccr1 deficiency prevents MAM retention in the lung by reducing MAM–cancer cell interactions. These findings collectively indicate that the CCL2-triggered chemokine cascade in macrophages promotes metastatic seeding of breast cancer cells thereby amplifying the pathology already extant in the system. These data suggest that inhibition of CCR1, the distal part of this signaling relay, may have a therapeutic impact in metastatic disease with lower toxicity than blocking upstream targets.
Abstract 1453: History of Rheumatic Heart Disease and Increased Risk of Incident Heart Failure Among Older Adults: A Propensity-Matched Study of a Prospective Population Cohort
Authors: Marjan Mujib, Mustafa I Ahmed, Olaniyi J Ekundayo, Linda Jones, Bo Liu, Ali Ahmed
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background:  Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the leading cause of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality among the population    Methods:  Of the 5795 Cardiovascular Health Study participants ≥65 yrs, 5521 were without baseline HF, of which 5386 had data on RHD and 284 had baseline RHD. Data on self-reported physician-diagnosed CV morbidity including RHD was collected at baseline. Propensity scores for RHD, estimated for each subject, were used to match 267 and 1299 subjects with and without RHD, using a 1 up to 5 greedy matching protocol. Matched subjects (n=1566) with and without RHD were balanced on 64 baseline characteristics. Matched Cox regression models were used to estimate the association of RHD with incident HF during a mean follow-up of 10 years.   Results:  Subjects had a mean age of 72 (±5) years, 67% were women, 11% were African Americans and 22% developed incident HF. Incident HF developed in 27% (rate, 294/10000 person-yrs) and 20% (rate, 213/10000 person-yrs) of subjects with and without RHD, respectively (matched hazard ratio (HR) when RHD was compared with no-RHD, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01–1.77; P=0.041;  Figure ). Pre-match unadjusted, multivariable-adjusted and propensity-adjusted HR (95% CI) for RHD-associated incident HF were 1.52 (1.21–1.90; P   Conclusion:  Among community-dwelling older adults, RHD increased the risk of incident HF.
Predictors of interepisode symptoms and relapse in affective disorder patients treated with lithium carbonate
Authors: P J Goodnick, R R Fieve, A Schlegel, N Baxter
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

For 98 affective disorder patients receiving lithium prophylaxis for a mean of 45 months, number of interepisode symptoms correlated with relapse rate. Response to prophylaxis appeared highly determined by prelithium frequency of episodes and duration of lithium treatment.
Mouse-Skin Painting With Smoke Condensates From Cigarettes Made of Pipe, Cigar, and Cigarette Tobaccos&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: F. Homburger, A. Treger, J. R. Baker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Groups of CAF 1 mice of both sexes were subjected to skin painting throughout their lifetime with acetone, benzo[a]pyrene, and smoke condensates. To make the condensates, tobaccos customarily used for manufacture of cigars, pipe mixtures, and cigarettes were smoked in the form of cigarettes. Combustion temperatures were practically the same for all types of tobaccos. The LD50 of these condensates was lower for males than females, and lower for pipe smoke condensate than for the other two. Papillomas were recorded when they appeared and all skins were studied histologically after the animals' deaths. Complete autopsies, organ weight measurements, and histologic study of organs were done on all condensate-painted animals (except those with advanced postmortem changes) and on half of the controls. Except for the greater toxicity of the pipe smoke condensate manifested by greater weight loss and mortality, there were no differences in the systemic effects of the condensates. No difference in organ weights ascribable to the treatment was found, nor were any pathologic changes observed in vital organs except some papillary nephritis and skin lesions. All condensates caused skin papillomas and up to 23 percent epidermoid cancers, with slightly more cancers in females than in males. The rate of formation of these lesions was slower with cigarette smoke condensate than with the two other condensates. The acetone controls showed no pathologic changes and only a low incidence of epidermal hyperplasia at the site of painting.
Could interferon-gamma 1b have a role in treatment of fibrosing NSIP?
Authors: Barbara Bellofiore, Marialuisa Bocchino, Guiseppe Antinolfi, Antonio Ponticiello, Roberta Di Grazia, Alessandro Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Sepideh Nikfam
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim:  To detect the effectiveness of Interferon-gamma 1b in patients with fibrotic NSIP.   Methods:  We reviewed clinical records and pathologic findings of 11 patients with IPF (all males, mean age 54.2±6.3 yrs), who underwent surgical biopsy and were treated with IFN-gamma 1b between 2005 and 2007.  In all patients, before therapy, after 6 and 12 (T2) months of treatment, the following parameters had been measured: lung volumes, DLCO, mPAP estimated at a doppler echocardiography. Biopsy slides were reviewed by two pathologists and reclassified according to the ATS/ERS consensus classification of interstitial pneumonia.   Results:  5 out of 11 patients, previously diagnosed as Usual Interstitial Pneumonia, after the revision were identified as fibrotic NSIP. In ]real UIP subgroup, 2 patients died after 6 months of treatment, while all the 5 patients with fNSIP achieved at least 18 months of treatment with IFN gamma. Although the baseline values in NSIP group were better than those of UIP group, no significant difference in baseline lung function was observed between the two cohorts. In NSIP patients FVC (70.16±18,5% at T0 vs 72.4±24,8% at T2, p>0,05), TLC (64.2±8,7% at T0 vs 65.7±14.4% at T2, p>0,05) and DLCOsb (47.3±17.2% at T0 vs 47.8±17.2% at T2, p>0,05) showed a slight improvement trend over time. only the mPAP value showed a significant worsening after 12 months of treatment (27.18±8,7% at T0 vs 41.2±13,3% at T2, p =0,02).   Conclusion:  In this post-hoc analysis IFN-gamma 1b therapy showed a trend toward reduced disease progression in NSIP patients. The effects on the deterioration of the mPAP values need further investigation through more invasive procedures, such as the right heart catheterization.
Trends in Cancer Incidence in Cali, Colombia&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C Cuello, P Correa, W Haenszel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Trends in cancer incidence from 1962 to 177 provided by the cancer registry of Cali, Colombia, are presented. A decline in rates of cancer of the oral cavity, esophagus, and larynx, has coincided with an increase in the rates of lung cancer in women of all ages and in men over 65 years of age. No such rise in lung cancer has been detected in young males. Colon cancer incidence has increased, and a larger proportion of tumors in later years is concentrated around the sigmoid colon. Cervical cancer incidence has declined, but carcinoma in situ of the cervix is being more frequently diagnosed probably as a consequence of vaginal cytology screening programs. Similarities of these findings with those of Puerto Rico and contrasts with trends in the United States and Europe are discussed.
Grazoprevir plus elbasvir in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and stage 4–5 chronic kidney disease (the C-SURFER study): a combination phase 3 study
Authors: David Roth, David R Nelson, Annette Bruchfeld, AnnMarie Liapakis, Marcelo Silva, Howard Monsour, Paul Martin, Stanislas Pol, Maria-Carlota Londoño, Tarek Hassanein, Philippe J Zamor, Eli Zuckerman, Shuyan Wan, Beth Jackson, Bach-Yen Nguyen, Michael Robertson, Eliav Barr, Janice Wahl, Wayne Greaves
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Hdac6 and Sirtuin Inhibitors Protect Against Tachypacing-Induced Contractile Dysfunction in in vitro and in vivo Models for Atrial Fibrillation.
Authors: Roelien Meijering, Daisy Zhang, Lei Ke, Ody Sibon, Joris Parmentier, Harm Kampinga, Robert Henning, Bianca J. Brundel
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common persistent clinical tachyarrhythmia. Its self-perpetuating nature is due to AF-induced remodeling of cardiomyocytes. Recently, it has been ...
Meta-analysis of the accuracy of screening adult asthma using exhaled nitric oxide
Authors: Hideo Ichihashi, Hiroyuki Sano, Katsuyuki Tomiya, Akiko Sano, Osamu Nishiyama, Takashi Iwanaga, Yuji Higashimoto, Hiroaki Kume, Yuji Tohda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) has been highlighted as a non-invasive inflammatory biomarker. However, the relationship between FENO and screening of asthma in the adult population is not clear. The aim of this study is to estimate the accuracy of FENO for screening adult asthma using a meta-analysis.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science from December 1996 through December 2011 to obtain relevant studies for the meta-analysis. Prospective English-language studies that diagnosed adult asthma using FENO and included sufficient data for completion of 2 × 2 tables or the equivalent data calculated from sensitivity and specificity. We used a meta-analytic method to construct summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results: Of 230 potential studies, 22 articles were retrieved for detailed evaluation, and 19 studies with a total of 3,293 patients met the inclusion criteria. Study methodological quality was generally high, with average Quality Assessment for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) scores of 9.3 of a total of 14 points (range, 8 to 11 points). The pooled sensitivity was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 0.76) and the specificity was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.82) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 0.83). In a sub-analysis, high positive likelihood ratio (6.30) and lower heterogeneity (I2 = 0.18) were obtained using the cutoff level of 45 ppb.

Conclusions: We conclude that measurement of FENO is not sufficiently accurate to diagnose asthma without the assistance of other diagnostic tools; however, it is useful as a screening tool, when the cutoff level of ≥45 ppb was used.
The Brugada Numbers (reply to letter)
Authors: A.A.M. Wilde, C. Antzelevitch, M. Borggrefe, J. Brugada, P. Brugada, R. Brugada, J.A. Towbin, D. Corrado, R.N.W. Hauer, R.S. Kass, K. Nademanee, S.G. Priori
Journal: Circulation (2003)
Adverse intraoperative medical events and their association with anesthesia management strategies in cataract surgery1 1The authors have no financial interests related to the article contents.
Authors: Joanne Katz, Marc A. Feldman, Eric B. Bass, Lisa H. Lubomski, James M. Tielsch, Brent G. Petty, Lee A. Fleisher, Oliver D. Schein
Journal: Ophthalmology (2001)
Development of an automated questionnaire for the early detection of COPD exacerbations (AQCE)
Authors: Antonio Leόn, Sonia Astorga, Mario Crespo, Daniel Sánchez, Inmaculada Failde, Felipe Crespo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background and aim: This work9s goal is developing a COPD exacerbation symptoms and prodromes-based questionnaire for the early detection of exacerbations at home by a device for telemonitoring.  Methods: AQCE was linguistically and medically checked for inconsistencies, resulting in 15 items: general health status (1), cough (1), phlegm (2), dyspnea (3), sleep conditions (2), cold-like symptoms (4), lung sounds (1) and coordination test (1). A group of 52 stable patients reported having had at least one severe exacerbation event was selected. Questionnaire understanding degree was determined by two experts by semi-structured interviews and 5-point Likert scale questions. Reliability was conducted by test-retest over spirometry, clinical evaluation, the AQCE and the validated questionnaire Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) in a range of 15-30 days. Concordance was established by using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), stability by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and reliability by Cronbach9s alpha.  Results: Items showed a high degree of comprehension for 97.1% of sample. Comprehension concordance between patients and expert 1 was 0.71 and between patients and expert 2 0.53. Mean FEV1 in the first session was 42.63% (SD 16.69) and in the second one 41.18% (SD 17.5). CCQ did not vary significantly in test-retest. Total score for AQCE and each item independently was confirmed to return similar values and these results did not show statistically significant differences in test-retests. Internal consistency was 0.7.  Conclusions: AQCE is comprehensible, reliable, stable and consistent for COPD patients.  AMICA project AAL Joint Programme AAL-2008-1-176
Use of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) contents in alveolar macrophages for estimation of inflammation activity in patients with different levels of asthma control
Authors: Svetlana Pospelova, Svetlana Sobchenko, Vyacheslav Kravtsov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The aim of the study was to estimate contents of IL-1β and IL-1Ra and IL-1Ra/ IL-1β ratio in alveolar macrophages of induced sputum in patients with different levels of asthma control according to GINA.

43 patients were included in the study: 10 with uncontrolled asthma, 12 with partially controlled and 21 - with well-controlled asthma. Results of immunocytochemical staining with IL-1β and IL-1Ra monoclonal antibodies of cell centriphugates obtained using liquid-based cytology method were eval-uated via Histology Score method (HScore).

Contents of IL-1β were 243,8±9,3, 102,8±18,7 and 29,4±6,4 Hscore in patients with uncontrolled, partially controlled and well-controlled asthma, respectively (p 0,05). IL-1Ra/ IL-1β ratio comprised 0,5±0,1, 1,8±1,1 and 6,1±1,7 in patients with uncontrolled, partially controlled and well-controlled asthma, respectively (p<0,05 in all comparisons).

Our study has revealed statistically significant decrease of content of IL-1β and increase of IL-1Ra/ IL-1β ratio in alveolar macrophages of induced sputum samples as level of asthma control increased. These data indicates that estimation of IL-1β content and calculation of IL-1Ra/ IL-1β ratio can be considered to be impartial index of inflammation activity and used for estimation of inflammation activity in airways of patients with different levels of asthma control.
Development of Tumors, Especially Mammary Tumors, in Agent-Free Strain DBA/2eB Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Margaret K. Deringer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

The development of tumors has been studied in mice of substrain DBA/2eB which was produced by transfer of fertilized ova from strain DBA/2 to strain C57BL. Contrasted with strain DBA/2 in which 77 percent of breeding females developed mammary tumors, mammary tumors developed in 3 percent of virgin females of strain DBA/2eB at an average age of 23 months, in 6 percent of breeding females at an average age of 20 months, and in 32 percent of force-bred females at an average age of 18 months. A mammary tumor occurred in 1 (2%) DBA/2eB male, treated with diethylstilbestrol, at 12 months of age. Reticulum-cell neoplasms of types A and B occurred in 20 percent of the virgin DBA/2eB females, in 27 percent of the breeding females, in 17 percent of the force-bred females, and in 3 percent of the diethylstilbestrol-treated males. These reticulum-cell neoplasms occurred more frequently than did lymphocytic neoplasms in the DBA/2eB females; on the other hand, reticulum-cell neoplasms occurred less frequently than lymphocytic neoplasms in the DBA/2 breeding females. Adenomatous polyps of the duodenum, adenomatosis of the lung, and amyloid infiltration of the corporea lutea of the ovaries, previously described in strain DBA/2, have been observed in substrain DBA/2eB.
Transfer of Tumor-Specific Immunity With RNA: Inhibition of Growth of Murine Tumor Isografts
Authors: Kenneth P. Ramming, Yosef H. Pilch
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Extracts rich in RNA were prepared from the spleens and lymph nodes of Hartley guinea pigs 10–14 days after immunization with a benzo[a]pyrene-induced C3H mouse sarcoma (BP-4). When normal, nonimmune C3H spleen cells incubated in vitro with this RNA were injected intraperitoneally into normal C3H mice, the development of subsequent BP-4 isografts was significantly inhibited when compared to untreated controls or recipients of untreated spleen cells. Treatment of the active RNA preparations with ribonuclease resulted in their complete inactivation, but treatment of such RNA preparations with pronase or deoxyribonuclease had no effect. Injections of spleen cells incubated in RNA from pigs immunized with normal C3H tissues or with Freund's adjuvant alone did not inhibit tumor isograft development. Injections of spleen cells incubated with RNA from pigs immunized with another, antigenically different benzo[a]pyrene-induced C3H sarcoma (BP-1) inhibited the development of BP-1 isografts but not BP-4 isografts, and spleen cells incubated with RNA from pigs immunized with BP-4 did not inhibit growth of BP-1 isografts. Incorporation of tritium-labeled guinea pig “immune” RNA by C3H spleen cells was demonstrated by autoradiography. A graft-versus-host reaction was not noted in either neonatal or adult mice receiving spleen cells incubated with “immune” RNA.