tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Left Atrial Size in Hypertensive Men: Influence of Obesity, Race and Age
Authors: John S. Gottdiener, Domenic J. Reda, David W. Williams, Barry J. Materson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)

Objectives. We sought to determine the relations of left atrial (LA) size to blood pressure, obesity, race, age and left ventricular (LV) mass in hypertension. Background. Although obesity, race and age may influence LV mass, their effects on LA size have not been defined in hypertension. Methods. Left atrial size was measured in 690 men (58% African-Americans) with mild to moderate hypertension (mean [±SD] blood pressure 152 ± 15/98 ± 6 mm Hg) and a high prevalence of LV hypertrophy. Effects of LV mass, adiposity, race, age, physical activity, height, weight, sodium excretion, plasma renin activity and heart rate were examined. Results. Left atrial size was greater (p ≤ 0.0001) in obese (44.2 ± 5.7 mm) than in overweight (41.6 ± 5.9 mm) or normal weight (38.9 ± 6.2 mm) patients. Left atrial enlargement (≥43 mm) was present in 56% of obese patients compared with 42% of overweight and 25% of normal weight hypertensive men. As age increased, white patients had a greater LA size than African-American patients. Although there was no relation between LV mass and LA size in normal weight patients, there was a significant positive relation in obese patients. On multiple regression analysis, obesity was the strongest independent predictor of increased LA size. Conclusions. Obesity is the strongest predictor of LA size in patients with hypertension and amplifies the relation between LA size and LV mass. Race influences effects of age and hypertension on LA size. Because increased LA size and LV mass (also influenced by obesity) are associated with an adverse outcome, these findings underscore the importance of obesity, race and age with regard to the cardiac effects of hypertension. (J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:651–8)
Abstract 11080: The Definition Utilized Influences the Rates and Predictors of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy After Emergency Coronary Angiography For Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Masayoshi Kiyokuni, Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Kiyoshi Hibi, Kengo Tsukahara, Noriaki Iwahashi, Mitsuaki Endo, Nobuhiko Maejima, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Abstract 4265: The landscape of somatic hypermutation in human cancer
Authors: Jocelyn S. Chapman, Matthew T. Chang, Saurabh Asthana, Kriti Lall, Nikolaus Schultz, Barry S. Taylor
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Somatic hypermutation is present in the tumor genomes of a subset of human cancers. Nevertheless, the extent as well as the biological and clinical impact of hypermutation in cancer patients is unknown. Moreover, in an age of precision oncology, there is a pressing need to understand the catastrophic mutational burden of sporadically hypermutated tumors to ensure an accurate clinical interpretation of candidate actionable lesions thereby facilitating genomically driven oncology in these patients. To explore these questions, we assembled a curated repository of cancer genome data consisting of the sequenced tumor exomes and whole genomes of 10,852 patients representing 36 tumor types from 90 unique cohorts. Through integrative genomic analyses of mutational and DNA copy number profile data, we identified 395 hypermutated tumors, representing ∼3.6% of all cancers. Of these, 47% of patient tumors possessed somatic hypermutation that could not be explained by an established exogenous mutagen, environmental exposure, or known defect in DNA repair. Our analysis of this unknown class of hypermutated cancers revealed six distinct mutational signatures, which may be associated with specific mechanisms driving hypermutation. From allelic abundance data, the temporal sequence of multiple mutational processes accumulated over the lifespan of a tumor was apparent. Our analyses also revealed that despite a high mutational burden, abnormalities cluster to reveal biologic and therapeutic dependencies. Overall, we exploit big data to explore uncommon cancer phenotypes like somatic hypermutation, bridging the gap between complex mutational landscapes and rational therapeutic choices for molecularly defined cancer patients. Citation Format: Jocelyn S. Chapman, Matthew T. Chang, Saurabh Asthana, Kriti Lall, Nikolaus Schultz, Barry S. Taylor. The landscape of somatic hypermutation in human cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4265. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4265
ACUTE PANCREATITIS: A CLINICAL REVIEW OF 72 ATTACKS OCCURRING IN 54 PATIENTS
Authors: P L SHALLENBERGER, D F KAPP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1958)

Article1 June 1958ACUTE PANCREATITIS: A CLINICAL REVIEW OF 72 ATTACKS OCCURRING IN 54 PATIENTSPAUL L. SHALLENBERGER, M.D., F.A.C.P., DAVID F. KAPP, M.D.PAUL L. SHALLENBERGER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID F. KAPP, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-48-6-1185 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince its recognition as a clinical entity, acute pancreatitis continues to be a thorn in the flesh of diagnostic and therapeutic medicine. Although more than a quarter of a century has passed since Elman, Arneson and Graham1found an elevation of the serum amylase to be of diagnostic significance, and although elaborate tests for pancreatic dysfunction have been developed, the initial diagnosis of acute pancreatitis today is missed in 65 to 75% of cases. Our lack of knowledge concerning this malady is further betrayed by the multitude of theories attempting to explain the pathogenesis and subsequent treatment. In order to...Bibliography1. ElmanArnesonGraham RNEA: Value of blood amylase estimations in diagnosis of pancreatic diseases; clinical study, Arch. Surg. 19: 943, 1929. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. SacharProbstein LAJG: Terminal acute pancreatitis: incidental finding at autopsy, Am. J. Digest. Dis. 21: 52, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ShallenbergerKapp PLDF: Etiologic role of pancreatitis in the production of diabetes mellitus, Guthrie Clin. Bull. 23: 185, 1954. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Sayre, Pennsylvania*Received for publication March 25, 1957.From the Department of Gastroenterology, Guthrie Clinic, and Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, Pennsylvania.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Paul L. Shallenberger, M.D., Guthrie Clinic, Sayre, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAcute pancreatitis. A study of 122 patients with acute pancreatitis observed for 5–15 yearsErkrankungen des exokrinen Anteils der Bauchspeicheldrüse und deren Einfluß auf den KohlenhydratstoffwechselPancreatitisINSULIN CONCENTRATION IN PORTAL AND PERIPHERAL VENOUS BLOOD AFTER ORAL GLUCOSE IN HUMAN PANCREATITISRöntgendiagnostik des PankreasRemission in DiabetesJejunal Infarction as a Complication of PancreatitisA CASE OF TRANSIENT DIABETES MELLITUS IN CONNECTION WITH ACUTE PANCREATITISReferencesThe Pancreas: Current Contributions of Clinical Interest 1 June 1958Volume 48, Issue 6Page: 1185-1193KeywordsAcute pancreatitisDiagnostic medicineHyperglycemiaInsulinLesionsLipasesNauseaPancreasPancreatitisPathogenesis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1958 PDF downloadLoading ...
Revascularization versus Medical Therapy for Renal-Artery Stenosis
Authors: K Wheatley, N Ives, R Gray, P A Kalra, J G Moss, C Baigent, S Carr, N Chalmers, D Eadington, G Hamilton, G Lipkin, A Nicholson, J Scoble
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Percutaneous revascularization of the renal arteries improves patency in atherosclerotic renovascular disease, yet evidence of a clinical benefit is limited.In a randomized, unblinded trial, we assigned 806 patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease either to undergo revascularization in addition to receiving medical therapy or to receive medical therapy alone. The primary outcome was renal function, as measured by the reciprocal of the serum creatinine level (a measure that has a linear relationship with creatinine clearance). Secondary outcomes were blood pressure, the time to renal and major cardiovascular events, and mortality. The median follow-up was 34 months.During a 5-year period, the rate of progression of renal impairment (as shown by the slope of the reciprocal of the serum creatinine level) was -0.07x10(-3) liters per micromole per year in the revascularization group, as compared with -0.13x10(-3) liters per micromole per year in the medical-therapy group, a difference favoring revascularization of 0.06x10(-3) liters per micromole per year (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.002 to 0.13; P=0.06). Over the same time, the mean serum creatinine level was 1.6 micromol per liter (95% CI, -8.4 to 5.2 [0.02 mg per deciliter; 95% CI, -0.10 to 0.06]) lower in the revascularization group than in the medical-therapy group. There was no significant between-group difference in systolic blood pressure; the decrease in diastolic blood pressure was smaller in the revascularization group than in the medical-therapy group. The two study groups had similar rates of renal events (hazard ratio in the revascularization group, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.40; P=0.88), major cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.19; P=0.61), and death (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.18; P=0.46). Serious complications associated with revascularization occurred in 23 patients, including 2 deaths and 3 amputations of toes or limbs.We found substantial risks but no evidence of a worthwhile clinical benefit from revascularization in patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease. (Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN59586944.)
Long-Distance Running, Bone Density, and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Nancy E. Lane
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Forty-one long-distance runners aged 50 to 72 years were compared with 41 matched community controls to examine associations of repetitive, long-term physical impact (running) with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Roentgenograms of hands, lateral lumbar spine, and knees were assessed without knowledge of running status. A computed tomographic scan of the first lumbar vertebra was performed to quantitate bone mineral content. Runners, both male and female, have approximately 40% more bone mineral than matched controls. Female runners, but not male runners, appear to have somewhat more sclerosis and spur formation in spine and weight-bearing knee x-ray films, but not in hand x-ray films. There were no differences between groups in joint space narrowing, crepitation, joint stability, or symptomatic osteoarthritis. Running is associated with increased bone mineral but not, in this cross-sectional study, with clinical osteoarthritis.
Ceroid Histiocytosis of Spleen and Bone Marrow in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP): A Contribution to the Understanding of the Sea-blue Histiocyte
Authors: ARKADI M. RYWLIN, JUAN A. HERNANDEZ, DOYLE E. CHASTAIN, VICTORIANO PARDO
Journal: Blood (1971)
Frontalis-based island pedicle flaps for the single-stage repair of large defects of the forehead and frontal scalp
Authors: W. Hussain, J. Hafiji, P. Salmon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Summary Background Medium- to large-sized surgical defects of the forehead and frontal scalp provide a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. Objectives To highlight the utility of a frontalis-based island pedicle flap (FIPF) for the single-stage, aesthetic reconstruction of such defects. Methods The design and detailed surgical technique required for a FIPF are described. Results The long-term results are illustrated. Conclusions FIPFs, despite significant tissue dissection, are readily performed under local anaesthesia and are well tolerated by patients. The FIPF adds to the dermatological surgeon's armamentarium in the reconstruction of large defects of the central forehead and frontal scalp.
AUREOMYCIN TREATMENT OF RECURRENT CHOLANGITIS WITH LIVER ABSCESSES DUE TO BACTEROIDES FUNDULIFORMIS
Authors: S H RUBIN, P K BORNSTEIN, C PERRINE, A D RUBIN, D SCHWIMMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1951)

Case Reports1 August 1951AUREOMYCIN TREATMENT OF RECURRENT CHOLANGITIS WITH LIVER ABSCESSES DUE TO BACTEROIDES FUNDULIFORMISSAMUEL H. RUBIN, M.D., PAUL K. BORNSTEIN, M.D., F.A.C.P., CORNELIUS PERRINE, M.D., F.A.C.P., A. DAVID RUBIN, M.D., DAVID SCHWIMMER, M.D., F.A.C.P.SAMUEL H. RUBIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL K. BORNSTEIN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, CORNELIUS PERRINE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, A. DAVID RUBIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID SCHWIMMER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-35-2-468 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe purpose of this report is to present an unusual case in which aureomycin was effective against an infection with Bacteroides funduliformis where other antibiotics failed. This patient is of particular interest in that she had varying degrees of jaundice for four years and 13 known hepatobiliary operations within a five-year period.CASE REPORTA 33 year old white married female was admitted to Monmouth Memorial Hospital, Long Branch, New Jersey, on October 27, 1948. She had been ill for three days with nonradiating colicky upper abdominal pains associated with chills and fever. The patient noted that simultaneously her stools...Bibliography1. FinlandCollinsPaine MHSTF: Aureomycin, a new antibiotic, J. A. M. A. 138: 946-948, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Aureomycin was generously supplied by the Lederle Laboratories Division, American Cyanamid Company, Stanton M. Hardy, M.D., Medical Director.†Received for publication July 9, 1949.From the Department of Medicine, New York Medical College (Dr. Linn J. Boyd, Director), the Research Unit, Metropolitan Hospital (Dr. Thomas McGavack, Director), New York City, and the Department of Medicine, Monmouth Memorial Hospital (Dr. Frank Altschul, Director), Long Branch, New Jersey.‡Deceased. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1951Volume 35, Issue 2Page: 468-475KeywordsAbdominal painAbscessesAntibioticsBacteroidesFeversHospital medicineLiver Issue Published: 1 August 1951 PDF downloadLoading ...
Listen to patients, urges mental health report
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Mental health professionals are being urged to design their services according to what users find most helpful, following an investigation by the Mental Health Foundation that suggests that patients' needs are being overlooked.

In its report the foundation draws on the experiences of 71 mental health service users to pinpoint what they found most helpful in managing their own mental distress. The experiences suggested that what patients value most is being given the opportunity to discuss and make sense of their symptoms rather than receiving structured services …
Regular review: Management of acute coronary syndromes
Authors: S J Maynard
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The acute coronary syndromes consist of two groups: unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction, and ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. This article reviews the management only of patients with unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction.

Unstable angina can be defined as ischaemic-type chest pain that is more frequent, severe, or prolonged than the patient's usual angina symptoms, occurs at rest or minimal exertion, or is difficult to control with drugs.1 Angina of recent onset is also classified as unstable. Non-Q wave myocardial infarction presents similarly to unstable angina but is accompanied by a rise in cardiac enzyme concentration without new Q waves on the electrocardiogram. Acute coronary syndromes are major causes of morbidity and mortality. The burden on the health service will be further clarified by the UK prospective registry of acute ischaemic syndromes (PRAIS-UK), which has studied the prevalence and management of unstable angina in the United Kingdom.2

#### Summary points

Patients with acute coronary syndromes are at high risk of myocardial infarction and death unless appropriately treated

Patients at high risk are older than 70 years with pain at rest, acute ST segment depression on the initial electrocardiogram, and raised cardiac troponin T or I concentrations with or without haemodynamic complications

Patients in the medium risk group have one or more high risk features or have recurrent ischaemia, early post-myocardial infarction ischaemia, diabetes mellitus, or a history of myocardial infarction or heart failure or are taking aspirin

Patients at high risk and most at medium risk should receive glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors within 24 hours of onset of chest pain plus early angiography and intervention

Patients with no risk factors and negative results of exercise testing can be managed out of hospital

The recent growth in treatment options for acute coronary syndromes has followed increased awareness of their …
Breaking Bad News, by G Walker, J Bradburn, J Maher
Authors: M. Tattersall
Journal: BMJ (1997)

G Walker, J Bradburn, J Maher / King's Fund, £6.95, pp 50 / ISBN 1 85717 135 7

This book is the fourth publication in the Promoting Patient Choice series in the clinical change programme supported by the King's Fund. The book describes a process for gaining consensus from health professionals, patient support groups, and patients about how doctors communicate the diagnosis of cancer to patients.

The views of 27 consultants who frequently disclose diagnoses of cancer were sought in individual interviews lasting an average of 45 minutes. The views of patients about the …
Superficial Femoral Artery Plaque and Functional Performance in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Mary M. McDermott, Kiang Liu, Timothy J. Carroll, Lu Tian, Luigi Ferrucci, Debiao Li, James Carr, Jack M. Guralnik, Melina Kibbe, William H. Pearce, Chun Yuan, Walter McCarthy, Christopher M. Kramer, Huimin Tao, Yihua Liao, Elizabeth Talley Clark, Dongxiang Xu, Jarett Berry, Jennifer Orozco, Leena Sharma, Michael H. Criqui
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
MARKEDLY ELEVATED BLOOD AMMONIA IN A PATIENT WITH CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS
Authors: A A FISK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

Case Reports1 April 1961MARKEDLY ELEVATED BLOOD AMMONIA IN A PATIENT WITH CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITISALBERT A. FISK, M.D.ALBERT A. FISK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-4-799 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptElevated blood ammonia levels have been found to be an important aspect of primary liver diseases, both acute and chronic, and the recognition of coma and precoma states due to ammonium ion intoxication has become an important part of the clinical management of patients with such liver diseases. However, elevations of the blood ammonia and secondary neurologic symptoms from such elevations have not commonly been found in patients with congestive heart failure. The following case report concerns a 51-year-old truck driver with chronic constrictive pericarditis who had markedly elevated blood ammonia levels with secondary neurologic signs and symptoms. The elevated...Bibliography1. StadlerStinger HD: A case of Pick's syndrome as the basis for a study of hypoproteinemia. J. Pediat. 18: 84, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. EvansJackson WF: Constrictive pericarditis. Brit. Heart J. 14: 53, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CalkinsDelp WGM: A study of blood ammonia levels in congestive heart failure with report of three cases. J. Kansas Med. Soc. 57: 538, 1956. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. BessmanEvans ANJM: Blood ammonia in congestive heart failure. Amer. Heart J. 50: 715, 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Elyria, Ohio*Received for publication March 9, 1960.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Albert A. Fisk, M.D., Elyria Medical Arts Building, Elyria, Ohio. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIon-Exchange Method for the Determination of Plasma Ammonia Nitrogen with the Berthelot Reaction 1 April 1961Volume 54, Issue 4Page: 799-805KeywordsAmmoniaBloodComaDyspneaFibrosisHeart failureHospitalizationsIntoxicationLiver diseasesSigns and symptoms ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4344: Tumor suppressive miR-137 targets Aurora-A and leads to apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Yu-Chuan Huang, Liang-Yi Hung
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the third leading cause of death in the world. Early diagnosis, early therapy, finding of new biomarkers and specific therapeutic targets are urgent necessities for CRC patients. Previous reports indicated that loss of miR-137 expression, which is a potential tumor suppressor microRNA and always loses its expression in cancer cells, may contribute to the progression of CRC. However, the detailed underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Aurora-A, a centrosomal serine/threonine kinase that plays essential roles in regulating various important events during cell cycle progression, is one of the targets of miR-137. By luciferase reporter assay, Q-PCR, and Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that miR-137 can target Aurora-A and inhibit its expression. Overexpression of miR-137 results in cell apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Expression of miR-137 and Aurora-A in colorectal cancer tissues and colon polyps, the pre-lesion colon tissue, is negative correlated. In addition, the down-regulated miR-137 expression in colon polyps is positive correlated with its size. The treatment of cells with methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Azacytidine induces the expression of miR-137. Our results suggest that losses of miR-137 expression may contribute to the early stage neoplasia in CRC progression. The investigation of the regulatory mechanism of miR-137 mediated Aurora-A inhibition may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC. Citation Format: Yu-Chuan Huang, Liang-Yi Hung. Tumor suppressive miR-137 targets Aurora-A and leads to apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4344. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4344