tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Food Standards Agency will be “open and independent”
Authors: Linda Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The three aims of the United Kingdom's Food Standards Agency will be to put the consumer first, to operate in a transparent way, and to be an independent voice, the agency's chairman, John Krebs, professor of zoology at Oxford University, told MPs last week.

The agency was set up as a government department in the wake of several public health scares linked to food, such as outbreaks of salmonella and Escherichia coli and the admitted link between bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Professor Krebs told the MPs from the agriculture and health committees that, although the board's members had been appointed, the board had not yet …
The Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance with Incident Heart Failure is Independent of Each Other and Other Risk Factors including C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Ravi V Desai, Prakash Deedwania, Mustafa I Ahmed, Mph Marjan Mujib, Msph Yan Zhang, Wilbert S Aronow, Gregg C Fonarow, Mph Ali Ahmed
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Abstract 17097: Acute Inflammation is Required for Regenerative Response in the Neonatal Mouse Heart
Authors: Chunyong Han, Yu Nie, Hong Lian, Rui Liu, Feng He, Shengshou Hu
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The neonatal mouse heart retains regenerative ability up to 1 week after birth. The regenerative response is characterized by increased cardiomyocyte proliferation following apical resection. However, the mechanisms involved in the reactive cardiomyocyte proliferation are largely unknown. We hypothesized that the acute inflammation was required to activate the regenerative response. Methods and Results: We induced sterile inflammation through apical intramyocardial microinjection of zymosan A. Similar to apical resection, zymosan A led to a significant increase of expression levels of inflammatory markers(il6,il1b and ccl3) and number of infiltrating Gr-1(1A8)+ neutrophils demonstrated by realtime PCR and immunofluorescence, whereas at the same time there were no apparent effects on cell viability and tissue integrity. To test whether the induced inflammation led to incresed cardiomyocyte proliferation, we performed the double immunostaining for Ki67 or pH3 and α-actinin. We found a significant increase of proliferating cardiomyocaytes in zymosan A injected hearts relative to PBS injected hearts 4 and 7 days after injection. We also detected a significantly increased Brdu+ cardiomyocytes in zymosan A injected hearts relative to PBS injected hearts 21 days after injection. To explore whether the inflammation was necessary for the regenerative response, we immunosuppressed the mice of resected hearts by administering the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone(Dex). Realtime PCR(il6,il1b and ccl3) and immunofluorescence (Gr-1(1A8)) confirmed the immunosuppression effect, while there were no effects on body weight, cardiomyocyte size and cell viability. We found apparently decreased number of Ki67 or pH3 positive cardiomyocyes in apical resected and Dex treated mice compared to resected and PBS treated mice. Moreover, the resected and Dex treated mice hearts displayed a significantly decreased Brdu+ cardiomyocytes 21 days after resection. Next, we found the apical resected and Dex treated mice cannot regenerate their hearts after 21 days, even 5 weeks after injury. Conclusion: our results indicated the acute inflammation was required for regenerative response in 1-day-old mouse heart.
Abstract 5223: Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 1Modulates Endothelial Cell Growth and Injury Repair Through No and Akt
Authors: Ping Zhang, Xinli Hu, Xin Xu, Huan Wang, Yuqing Huo, Yingjie Chen, Robert J Bache
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1) modulates endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production by degrading asymmetric methylarginines that act as endogenous NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors. Since we recently found DDAH1 strongly expressed in vascular endothelial cells, this study examined effects of DDAH1 on endothelial function. Here, by using selective gene silencing of DDAH1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and overexpression of DDAH1 in HUVEC, we demonstrate that DDAH1 acts to promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation both by the traditional role of degrading asymmetric methylarginines and a novel molecular pathway of increasing Akt activity. Specifically, overexpression of DDAH1 Abstracts From Scientific Sessions 2009 S1073 dose-dependently increased p-Akt Ser473 , Akt activity and p-eNOS Ser1177 , while selective gene silencing of DDAH1 with siRNA decreased endothelial p-Akt Ser473 and p-eNOS Ser1177 . Importantly, incubation of HUVEC with the NOS inhibitors L-NAME or ADMA, the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ, or the membrane permeable cGMP analog 8-pCPT-cGMP had no effect on p-Akt Ser473 , indicating that the increase of p-Akt Ser473 produced by DDAH1 was NO and cGMP independent. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt rescued HUVEC from DDAH1 knockdown, while the increases of HUVEC tube formation, proliferation and migration after DDAH1 overexpression were abolished by the Akt inhibitor ly294002. Moreover, using endothelial specific DDAH1 gene deficient mice generated in our laboratory, we demonstrated that endothelial spouting from cultured aortic rings and in vivo vascular endothelial repair after wire injury were impaired compared to wild type mice. DDAH1 KO also attenuated vascular p-Akt Ser473 but not total Akt. Together, the data demonstrate that DDAH1 plays an important role in vascular endothelial cell growth and injury repair by regulating both NO production and Akt activity. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, National Center.
Attention Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Marsha D. Rappley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A mother brings in her eight-year-old son for evaluation after he is suspended from riding the school bus for jumping out of his seat, teasing other children, and not following directions. He spends two to three hours a night with homework that he never successfully completes. His mother wants to know whether he has attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder. How should he be evaluated and treated?
Abstract 5793: Lower Extremity Peripheral Vascular Disease is an Independent Predictor of Adverse Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Shane S Nanayakkara, Rahul P Sharma, Stephen J Duffy, Andrew E Ajani, Angela L Brennan, Chris M Reid, Nick Andrianopoulos, James A Shaw
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: A significant proportion of patients with coronary artery disease have coexistent peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Whether PVD is a predictor of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the drug eluting stent era is not known. Methods: Data was analysed from a total of 9110 patients from the Melbourne Intervention Group (MIG) database, a registry of patients undergoing PCI in Melbourne, Australia. Data was collected between April 2004 and July 2007 and analysed for baseline demographic data, traditional risk factors, procedural data and thirty day and twelve month major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results: Of the 9110 patients undergoing PCI, 632(6.9%) had PVD. Patients with PVD had an average age of 70.6 years, were more frequently diabetic (41.3% vs. 22.6%, p&lt;0.01), were hypertensive (79.7% v 63.1%, p&lt;0.01), and had higher lipid levels (82.5% v 70.6%). In the PVD group patients were more likely to have left main (2.4% vs. 0.7%, p&lt;0.01) and ostial lesions(5.1% vs 3.4%, p=0.02) with no difference in acute procedural success between the 2 groups. 30 day MACE was higher in the PVD group (8.1% vs. 5% p&lt;0.01) with a significant increase in early mortality. 12 month MACE was also more frequent in the PVD group (21% vs. 12.4%, p&lt;0.01), with increased 12 month MI (9.8% vs. 4.3%, p&lt;0.01) and mortality (8.6%v 3.5% p&lt;0.01). On multivariate analysis, PVD independently increased the risk of 12 month MACE (OR 1.456, CI 1.07–1.99 p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: PVD is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing PCI even correcting for traditional risk factors. In this study we found a significant increase in 30 day and 12 month mortality and MI in the PVD group, with diabetes and hypertension the most critical modifiable risk factors. Thus in patients undergoing PCI, the presence of peripheral vascular disease should be recognised as an additional factor in determining risk of cardiac events in the short and long term post PCI, with tighter diabetic control and lower blood pressure to be the primary targets of medical therapy in this group.
Visualizing myocardial inflammation in a rat model of type 4 cardiorenal syndrome by dual-modality molecular imaging
Authors: Di Chang, Yuan-Cheng Wang, Shi-Jun Zhang, Ying-Ying Bai, Dong-Fang Liu, Feng-Chao Zang, Guozheng Wang, Binghui Wang, Shenghong Ju
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Epidemiology and response to the growing problem of tuberculosis in London
Authors: D Antoine, H Maguire, A Story
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

As in other countries with low tuberculosis incidence, tuberculosis in England and Wales tends to be concentrated in some subgroups of the population, and is mainly a problem in large cities. In 2003, almost half of all tuberculosis cases reported in England and Wales were from London, where the incidence was almost five times higher than in the rest of England and Wales. While the highest proportion of cases occur in foreign born patients, evidence from a large outbreak of drug resistant tuberculosis points to ongoing active transmission among marginalised groups including homeless people, hard drug users, and prisoners. Increasing rates of disease and levels of drug resistance, combined with a concentration of disease in hard-to-reach risk groups now present a major challenge to tuberculosis control in the city. To respond to the changing epidemiology observed in recent years, treatment and control services are being reconfigured, surveillance has been improved with the implementation of the London TB register, and the utility of mobile digital x ray screening for at risk populations such as homeless people and prisoners is being evaluated. However, tuberculosis in London is not yet under control and more needs to be done. Services must adapt to the needs of those groups now most affected. This will require continued improvements to surveillance and monitoring, combined with improved access to care, better case detection, rapid diagnosis and active social support for people undergoing treatment.
Social phobic symptoms in patients with panic disorder: practical and theoretical implications
Authors: M B Stein, C A Shea, T W Uhde
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

Of 35 patients with DSM-III-R diagnoses of panic disorder, 16 also received diagnoses of social phobia, and 15 of these 16 reported past episodes of major depression. Only nine of the 19 panic patients without social phobia had histories of depression. The panic patients with histories of depression had significantly higher self-ratings of social anxiety and avoidance, but not agoraphobic fear and avoidance, than those without histories of depression. Panic disorder and social phobia may coexist in many cases, and the presence of social phobia may be associated with a higher morbid risk for major depression in this population.
Survival Differences in Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Willemijn M.H. Zijlstra, Johannes M. Douwes, Erika B. Rosenzweig, Sandor Schokker, Usha Krishnan, Marcus T.R. Roofthooft, Kathleen Miller-Reed, Hans L. Hillege, D. Dunbar Ivy, Rolf M.F. Berger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Comparison of Zotarolimus-Eluting and Sirolimus-Eluting Stents in Patients With Native Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: David E. Kandzari, Martin B. Leon, Jeffrey J. Popma, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Charles O’Shaughnessy, Michael W. Ball, Mark Turco, Robert J. Applegate, Paul A. Gurbel, Mark G. Midei, Sejal S. Badre, Laura Mauri, Kweli P. Thompson, LeRoy A. LeNarz, Richard E. Kuntz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
A Strong Expression of CD44-6v Correlates With Shorter Survival of Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: S. Legras, U. Günthert, R. Stauder, F. Curt, S. Oliferenko, H.C. Kluin-Nelemans, J.P. Marie, S. Proctor, C. Jasmin, F. Smadja-Joffe
Journal: Blood (1998)
Abstract 9410: A Simple and Accurate Algorithm for Localizing Accessory Pathways in Patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Authors: Noriko Taguchi, Naoki Yoshida, Toshihiko Yamamoto, Sinjiro Miyata, Masaya Fujita, Kenichiro Yokoi, Seifuku kyo, Masayuki Shimano, Tomomichi Suzuki, Yukiomi Tsuji, Makoto Hirai, Yasuya Inden, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Delta wave morphology reflects the ventricular attachment site of accessory pathway (AP). Electrocardiographic R/S ratio and QRS polarity also depend on the AP location. Many algorithms for localizing APs are based on the delta wave morphology, R/S ratio, and QRS polarity. However, they are slightly complicated and it is sometimes difficult to determine the delta wave morphology accurately. In this study, we propose a new and simple algorithm for accurate localization of APs using only the R/S ratio. Methods: This study consisted of 101 patients with a single anterogradely conducting AP on a 12-lead ECG. R/S ratios in leads V1, V2 and aVF were analyzed. A new algorithm was developed by correlating the 12-lead ECG findings with successful ablation sites in the 40 initial consecutive patients. This algorithm was subsequently tested in the 61 residual consecutive patients. AP locations were divided into 5 regions based on fluoroscopical anatomy. Results: The new algorithm and the validation results were shown (figure). Among 61 patients, all 37 patients with left free wall APs showed the R/S ratio in lead V1 ≥ 0.5 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%). Left anterior and lateral APs were associated with the R/S ratio in lead aVF ≥ 1 (sensitivity 97%, specificity 100%). If the R/S ratio in lead V1 was &lt; 0.5 and the R/S ratio in lead V2 was ≥ 0.5, the AP location was midseptal or posteroseptal (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94%). If the R/S ratio in both leads V1 and V2 was &lt; 0.5, it was right free wall or right anteroseptal (sensitivity 89%, specificity 100%). Right anterior, lateral, and anteroseptal APs were associated with the R/S ratio in lead aVF ≥ 1 (sensitivity 98%, specificity 93%). Overall sensitivity of this method was 93% and specificity was 99%. The positive and negative predictive values were 96% and 98%, respectively. Conclusions: This novel algorithm using only the R/S ratio in leads V1, V2 and aVF provides a simple and accurate way to identify the AP localization.
Transmembrane TNF-α preferentially expressed by leukemia stem cells and blasts is a potent target for antibody therapy
Authors: Xiaoxi Zhou, Shiqiu Zhou, Baihua Li, Qinlu Li, Lili Gao, Dan Li, Quan Gong, Li Zhu, Jue Wang, Na Wang, Liang Huang, Lei Zhao, Zhuoya Li, Jianfeng Zhou
Journal: Blood (2015)
Abstract 23: Intracellular ATP Levels and Occurrence of Autophagy in Hl-1 Cardiomyocytes Exposed to Ischemia Alone
Authors: Kadija Abounit, Roy Mccauley, Carol Chen-Scarabelli, Mitali Shah, Samuel Saravolatz, Louis Saravolatz, Zhaokan Yuan, Tiziano M Scarabelli
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Myocyte autophagy is deemed to be a compensatory, prosurvival response to stress, including ischemia/reperfusion injury. The initiation and progression of the autophagic process seem to...
Abstract 1839: Characterization of the Mitral Isthmus during Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Using Intracardiac Ultrasound from Within the Coronary Sinus.
Authors: J J West, Patrick T Norton, Christopher M Kramer, J P Mounsey, J R Moorman, Srijoy Mahapatra, John P Dimarco, J M Mangrum, John D Ferguson
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation involving the mitral isthmus and/or the coronary sinus (CS) is complex and may result in circumflex artery (Cx) damage or other complications. We investigated the feasibility of intracardiac echocardiographic (ICE) imaging from within the CS to characterize mitral isthmus anatomy and guide ablation. Methods: A 9F sheath was introduced into the CS of 30 patients prior to AF ablation. A 9F rotational ICE catheter was then advanced within the sheath to the distal CS adjacent to the lateral left atrial wall. Serial cross-sectional images to document the relations of the left atrium, Cx, CS, esophagus and pericardium were obtained at multiple points within the CS during a pull-back to the CS ostium. Results: The Cx was &lt; 20mm from the CS in 62/150 positions, in 25/30 patients. In these patients, the median(range) LA-Cx distance was 3.3mm(0.7–19.6mm) and median CS-Cx distance was 2.0mm(0.4–9.7mm). The esophagus was seen &lt; 20mm from the CS in 36/150 positions, in 17/30 patients. Median CS-esophagus distance was 4.0mm(1.4–16.2mm). Proximity of the Cx and esophagus to the left atrium and CS varied considerably. The median CS-mitral annulus distance was 11.9mm(4.1–21.6mm). After CS cannulation, the ICE imaging took 5±2 minutes and required 120±60 seconds of fluoroscopy. Conclusions: The variable relationships of the Cx and esophagus relative to the mitral isthmus can be accurately characterized by rotational ICE imaging from within the CS. This is a useful adjunct to ICE imaging from within the atria. Real-time identification of these structures could help to locate optimal ablation sites and potentially reduce complications.
Abstract 5023: Correlates of High Sensitivity Troponin T Concentrations in Chest Pain Patients With and Without Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: James L Januzzi, Fabian Bamberg, Hang Lee, Quynh A Truong, John Nichols, Mahir Karakas, Asim A Mohammed, Christopher L Schlett, John T Nagurney, Udo Hoffmann, Wolfgang Koenig
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: For evaluation of chest pain, consensus guidelines recommend use of a cardiac troponin cut-point that corresponds to the 99 th percentile of a healthy population. “High sensitivity” troponin (hsTn) assays provide good accuracy to this very low level, but cardiac structure and function correlates of hsTn concentrations in patients with acute chest pain are not well understood. Methods: 377 patients (mean age 53.7 years, 64.2% male) with chest pain and low-to-intermediate likelihood for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were enrolled in the emergency department. Blood was tested using a pre-commercial hsTnT assay (Roche Diagnostics). Simultaneous cardiac computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed using a 64-slice scanner (Sensation 64, Siemens Medical Solutions). Results: 37 patients (9.8%) had an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Using the 99 th percentile cut-point of 13 pg/mL, hsTnT had 62% sensitivity and 89% specificity for ACS. Predictors of hsTnT values in all subjects included age ( β = .019; P =.005), number of coronary segments ( β = .324; P = .03) or coronary vessels ( β = .634; P = .004) with significant stenosis, LV mass ( β = .008; P &lt; .001), LV ejection fraction ( β = .042; P = .04), regional LV dysfunction ( β = .669; P &lt; .001), and NT-proBNP levels ( β = .001; P = .009). Among patients without ACS (N=340), an hsTnT above 13 pg/mL identified those with more complex medical histories, more prevalent CAD and abnormalities of cardiac size and function (Table ). Conclusions: Among patients with chest pain, concentrations of hsTnT identify patients with more significant risk profiles and more extensive structural heart disease, even in patients without the diagnosis of ACS.
Abstract 1821: Clinical and Functional Determinants of Coronary Flow Reserve in Heart Transplantation: A Contrast-Enhanced Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Francesco Tona, Alida L Caforio, Roberta Montisci, Antonio Gambino, Massimo Ruscazio, Cristiano Sarais, Angelo Ramondo, Annalisa Angelini, Gino Gerosa, Sabino Iliceto
Journal: Circulation (2006)
A plasma protein corona enhances the biocompatibility of Au@Fe3O4 Janus particles
Authors: Lisa Landgraf, Carolin Christner, Wiebke Storck, Isabel Schick, Ines Krumbein, Heidi Dähring, Katja Haedicke, Karl Heinz-Herrmann, Ulf Teichgräber, Jürgen R. Reichenbach, Wolfgang Tremel, Stefan Tenzer, Ingrid Hilger
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)

Au@Fe3O4 Janus particles (JPs) are heteroparticles with discrete domains defined by different materials. Their tunable composition and morphology confer multimodal and versatile capabilities for use as contrast agents and drug carriers in future medicine. Au@Fe3O4 JPs have colloidal properties and surface characteristics leading to interactions with proteins in biological fluids. The resulting protein adsorption layer ("protein corona") critically affects their interaction with living matter. Although Au@Fe3O4 JPs displayed good biocompatibility in a standardized in vitro situation, an in-depth characterization of the protein corona is of prime importance to unravel underlying mechanisms affecting their pathophysiology and biodistribution in vitro and in vivo. Here, we comparatively analyzed the human plasma corona of Au-thiol@Fe3O4-SiO2-PEG JPs (NH2-functionalized and non-functionalized) and spherical magnetite (Fe3O4-SiO2-PEG) particles and investigated its effects on colloidal stability, biocompatibility and cellular uptake. Label-free quantitative proteomic analyses revealed that complex coronas including almost 180 different proteins were formed within only one minute. Remarkably, in contrast to spherical magnetite particles with surface NH2 groups, the Janus structure prevented aggregation and the adhesion of opsonins. This resulted in an enhanced biocompatibility of corona sheathed JPs compared to spherical magnetite particles and corona-free JPs.
Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Colorectal Carcinoids
Authors: Tao Chen, Li-Qing Yao, Mei-Dong Xu, Yi-Qun Zhang, Wei-Feng Chen, Qiang Shi, Shi-Lun Cai, Yin-Yin Chen, Yan-Hong Xie, Yuan Ji, Shi-Yao Chen, Ping-Hong Zhou, Yun-Shi Zhong
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)