tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary diseases due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria in TB referral clinical center
Authors: Lidia Guntupova, Serge Borisov, Irina Solov'eva, Marina Makarova, Elena Khachaturiants
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Due to similar manifestation and detection of acid-fast bacilli in sputum, substantial part of patients with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMB) diseases may be considered as pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).

Methods: In 2008-2010 28 pts (1,5%) from referred in Moscow TB Center as TB-suspected were identified as pulmonary NTMB diseases by ATS/IDSA criteria [Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 175 pp 367-416, 2007]. For NTMB identification cultivation (on liquid and solid media), biochemical testing, high-performance liquid chromatography and molecular methods were used. In 9 pts surgical specimens were obtained.

Results: All 28 pts (19-73 y.o., 50% male) were immunocompetent. In 22 cases were detected slow (MAC - 9, M.kansasii - 9, M.xenopi - 4) and in 6 - rapidly (M.fortuitum - 4, M.chelonae - 2) growing NTMB. In 26 pts (92,9%) various complains were obtained. X-ray pattern included cavities (75%) and/or nodular dissemination (78,6%) with multifocal bronchiectasis (60,7%), with some variations due to NTMB species. The treatment was complicated by drug resistance: in 60,7% (17 pts) was detected MDR (especially MAC - 8 and rapidly growing NTMB - all 6 pts), including 28,6% XDR (5 - MAC, 2 - M.xenopi and 3 - rapidly growing NTMB). The best treatment outcomes obtained in M.kansasii: in spite of resistance in all pts to H, susceptibility to R and Fq give an opportunity to create the adequate regimens (3-5 drugs). In 15 pts other antibacterial drugs (claritromycin, azithromycin etc) were used.

Conclusion: TB clinics must be concerned about NTMB, especially in MDR and XDR cases. For adequate treatment all NTMB must be tested with all TB-drugs and maximum available other antibacterial drugs.
Abstract P028: Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Risk of Heart Failure in Women
Authors: Susanne Rautiainen, Emily B Levitan, Murray A Mittleman, Alicja Wolk
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Although numerous studies have investigated fruit and vegetable consumption in association with cardiovascular disease, a limited number of studies have investigated the association with heart failure specifically. The aim of this study was to assess the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of heart failure among middle-aged and elderly women. Methods: In September 1997, 33,669 women (aged 49-83 y) from the Swedish Mammography Cohort free of cancer, CVD and diabetes at baseline completed a food-frequency questionnaire. Women were followed for incident heart failure (hospitalization or mortality of heart failure as the primary cause) through December 2011 using administrative health registries. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In multivariable models we adjusted for age at baseline, educational level, smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, family history of myocardial infarction, alcohol consumption, total energy intake, and dietary supplement use. Results: During 13.1 years of follow-up (442,324 person-years), we identified 1407 incident cases of heart failure. Total fruit and vegetable consumption was inversely associated with the risk of heart failure (the multivariable-adjusted RR in the highest quintile compared to the lowest was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68-0.97, p for trend=0.03). When investigating fruit and vegetables separately we observed a statistically significant lower risk for vegetables (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69-0.98, p for trend=0.10) but not for fruits (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.79-1.12, p for trend=0.24). Conclusions: In this population-based prospective cohort study of women, higher total consumption of fruits and vegetables was inversely associated with the risk of heart failure.
Abstract P164: Blood Pressure During Pregnancy and Risk of Hypertension Later in Life: A Longitudinal Study of POUCHMoms
Authors: Galit Levi Dunietz, Kelly L Strutz, Claudia B Holzman, Yan Tian, David Todem, Bertha L Bullen, Janet M Catov
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Objectives: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy carry a long-term risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for women. However, future hypertension status among pregnant women who have moderately elevated blood pressure (MEBP), that does not meet criteria for hypertensive disorders is unknown. We, therefore, investigated the risk of later hypertension among women with MEBP in pregnancy in addition to those diagnosed with gestational hypertensive disorders. Methods: Data are from the Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health (POUCH) study, which enrolled pregnant women from 52 clinics in 5 Michigan Communities (1998-2004). We included 667 women with abstracted gestational BP measurements who also participated in the POUCHMoms follow-up 7-15 years later. MEBP was defined as systolic BP (SBP) ≥120mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥80mmHg among pregnant women who did not have a hypertensive disorder. Hypertensive disorders were defined as at least two SBP measurements ≥140 or DBP measurements ≥90 or regular use of anti-hypertensives, with or without proteinuria. Weighted multinomial logistic regression models were run to estimate the odds of prehypertension or hypertension at follow-up, before and after controlling for maternal prenatal confounders (e.g. age, parity, race) and time between pregnancy and follow-up. Results: The majority of participants (59.6%) met the criteria for MEBP which was significantly associated with hypertension at follow-up before and after adjustment for confounders (AOR=2.76; 95% CI 1.40, 5.46). Significant associations were seen for MEBP first identified prior to 20 weeks, and for MEBP observed due to elevated SBP either alone or in conjunction with elevated DBP. As expected, gestational hypertensive disorders also were associated with increased odds of hypertension at follow-up (AOR=16.99; 95% CI 6.11, 47.24). All of the above relationships held when body mass index (BMI) at follow-up was added into the models. Conclusions: Moderately elevated blood pressure in pregnancy may be a risk factor for hypertensive disorders later in life and may identify a group of women who need closer surveillance for CVD risk in the years following pregnancy. Elevated SBP appears to play a more influential role than DBP in the observed association.
Effector γδ T cells and tumor cells as immune targets of zoledronic acid in multiple myeloma
Authors: S Mariani, M Muraro, F Pantaleoni, F Fiore, B Nuschak, S Peola, M Foglietta, A Palumbo, M Coscia, B Castella, B Bruno, R Bertieri, L Boano, M Boccadoro, M Massaia
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Prostate-specific expression of ICP4 complements ICP4(−) HSV-1 virus for oncolysis of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Cleo YiFang Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4025 

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) has been demonstrated as a potent therapeutic viral vector for cancer treatment. The rationale for using replicative and oncolytic viruses is that viral replication in infected tumor cells will permit in situ viral multiplication and spread of an oncolytic viral infection throughout the tumor mass. The aim of our study was to demonstrate that an amplicon system containing a prostate-specific probasin promoter, ARR2PB upstream to an essential viral gene (ICP4), can complement a ICP4(−) HSV-1 virus for lytic replication specifically to prostate tumor cells. To prove this concept, two amplicon constructs, CMV-ICP4, and ARR2PB-ICP4 were packaged by the a replication deficient ICP4(−) helper virus. We tested the complementing ability, the therapeutic efficacy and the toxicity of the two amplicon viruses in LNCaP tumor cells. In vitro virus replication and tumor cell lysis assay were performed in various prostate tumor cells. Our results showed that the ARR2PB-ICP4 amplicon virus can complement the ICP4− helper virus to efficiently replicate and cause cell lysis in prostate cancer cell cultures. Intratumoral inoculation of both CMV-ICP4 and ARR2PB-ICP4 amplicon/helper virus system in subcutaneous LNCaP xenograft tumor mouse model showed a 70% ∼ 80% reduction in tumor size. However, the toxicity in non-tumor tissues was much lower for the ARR2PB-ICP4 amplicon than that of the CMV-ICP4 amplicon virus by Q-PCR and histological analysis of the organs collected from the virus treated mice. The residual toxicity of the ARR2PB-ICP4 amplicon virus could be completely eliminated by the additional gancyclovir (GCV) treatment. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that a replication deficient HSV-1 virus can be complemented by an amplicon to restore its oncolytic activity in a tumor specific fashion and therefore could be a potential use in oncolytic virus therapy for cancer. (Supported by a grant from the Terry Fox Foundation).
Weekly Paclitaxel in the Adjuvant Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Masaharu Tsubokura, Masahiro Kami, Tsunehiko Komatsu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: Sparano et al. (April 17 issue)1 compare the efficacy of two different taxanes, given either weekly or every 3 weeks, in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. It is striking that there were no significant differences in disease-free survival between the group of patients receiving paclitaxel and the group receiving docetaxel or between the group receiving weekly treatment and the group receiving treatment every 3 weeks, whereas multivariate analysis with the use of a Cox proportional-hazards model showed significantly longer disease-free survival in the group receiving weekly paclitaxel than in the group receiving paclitaxel every 3 weeks. Clinicians will have difficulties in drawing a definite conclusion from the study because of this disparity, which might be associated with unrecognized bias.
Sex differences in the prognostic value of ER-β status in lung cancer survival.
Authors: Geoffrey M. Prysak, Valerie Murphy, Fulvio Lonardo, Ann G. Schwartz
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

481 

Estrogen receptors have been detected in both normal lung and at higher rates in lung tumor tissue, primarily in the form of estrogen receptor-beta (ER-β). Estrogen receptor status is routinely used as a prognostic factor for breast cancer patients, predicting treatment utility as well as survival. The prognostic value of ER-β in lung cancer was evaluated in cases selected from two population-based case-control studies in Metropolitan Detroit. One study is enrolling women aged 18-74 diagnosed with primary adenocarcinoma of the lung from 2001 forward, while the second study enrolled men and women aged 18-49 diagnosed with primary lung cancer 1990-2003. Paraffin-embedded lung tumor samples were obtained for 179 individuals in these studies from hospital pathology departments. One hundred and twenty-four samples were from females and 55 were from males. Information on tobacco use, estrogen use, environmental exposures and family history was collected through in-person interviews. Follow-up was obtained through the Detroit area SEER registry. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a monoclonal mouse antibody specific for the ERβ1 isoform (MC1974S; Serotec). Minimum follow-up was set at 1 month; maximum follow-up was set at 5 years. Inclusion was limited to those subjects diagnosed before February 2004 to allow for at least one year of follow-up. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the contribution of ER-β status to survival, adjusting for age, race, stage at diagnosis, smoking status and pack-years of exposure. Analyses were stratified by sex. The mean length of follow-up was 18 months (range of 1-60 months). The overall 3-year survival rate was 20%, while the 5-year survival rate was 2%. 64% of women had ER-β positive tumors and 74% of men had ER-β positive tumors (p=0.27). ER-β positivity was associated with a 77% increased risk of death among women (HR=1.77; 95% CI 0.87-3.61), while among men, ER-β positivity significantly decreased risk of death by 56% (HR=0.44; 95% CI 0.20-0.95). In a subset of individuals with regional or distant stage disease, the sex differences in survival by ER-β status remained; the hazard ratio associated with ER-β positivity in women was 1.52 (95% CI 1.01-2.28) and in men was 0.88 (95% CI 0.58-1.31). Similar results were found among a subset of 130 subjects with adenocarcinoma histology. These findings suggest that ER-β status of lung tumors is associated with differential survival by sex.
Oncogenic functions of the β4 Integrin during ErbB-2 mediated mammary tumorigenesis.
Authors: Filippo G. Giancotti, Wenjun Guo
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

SY16-01 

We have introduced a targeted deletion of the integrin β4 signaling domain in MMTV- Neu mice. The results reveal that loss of β4 signaling suppresses mammary tumor onset and invasive growth. Ex vivo studies indicate that β4 signaling coordinately disrupts epithelial adhesion and polarity and promotes hyperproliferation. The β4 integrin combines, through its signaling domain, with ErbB2, allowing Src Family Kinase-mediated amplification of signaling and activation of STAT3 and c-Jun. STAT3 disrupts mammary epithelial adhesion and promotes invasion and metastasis but not hyperproliferation. By contrast, c-Jun is required for hyperproliferation but does not affect adhesion. Finally, deletion of the β4 signaling domain enhances the efficacy of ErbB2-targeted therapy. Therefore, the β4 integrin amplifies ErbB2 oncogenic signaling and promotes tumor progression through activation of STAT3 and c-Jun. This unexpected layer of complexity suggests novel approaches for molecular therapy of breast cancer.
Regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Promoter Based Conditionally Replicating Adenoviruses for Treatment of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Anna Kanerva, Mari Raki, Gerd J. Bauerschmitz, Koichi Takayama, Masato Yamamoto, Renee A. Desmond, David T. Curiel, Akseli Hemminki
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRADs) represent a novel approach for treating neoplastic diseases. In this study, we utilized two infectivity enhanced CRADs containing tumor specific promoters for controlling replication of the viruses in the context of cervical cancer. RGDCRADcox-2R has the cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) promoter controlling expression of E1A. Cox-2 is the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, and it is involved in control of inflammatory reactions. Recently, it has been shown that cox-2 is expressed in many epithelial cancers, and it is related to carcinogenesis and tumor angiogenesis. We also evaluated the efficacy of a CRAD utilizing the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter. VEGF has an important role in the induction of tumor-associated angiogenesis, and it is often highly expressed during tumorigenesis. Expression of cox-2 and VEGF in cervical cancer cell lines and patient tumor specimens has been demonstrated. Further, the regulation and control of cox-2 and VEGF expression may be closely linked.
Evre IV Küçük Hücreli Dışı Akciğer Kanseri İçin Sağkalımın Düzeltilmesi- 199 Yılından 2 5 Yılına Kadar Takip, Epidemiyoloji ve Son Sonuçların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Daniel Morgensztern, Saiama Waqar, Janakiraman Subramanian, Feng Gao, Ramaswamy Govindan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Effect of moderate alcohol consumption on Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations
Authors: P. C Sharpe, I. S Young, A. E Evans, L. A Simons, J. Simons, S. Ishikawa, T. Goto, N. Nago
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—We agree with Paassilta et al that there may be a relation between moderate alcohol consumption and lower Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations.1 The relation between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular mortality is U shaped, with the lowest mortality at an alcohol consumption of 2-4 units (16-32 g) a day.2 Several mechanisms contribute to this cardioprotective effect including beneficial increases in high density lipoprotein cholesterol3 and inhibition of platelet aggregation.4 However, other factors may be involved. Lp(a) lipoprotein is a recognised independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and, as stated by Paassilta et al, little attention has been directed to the effects of alcohol on Lp(a) lipoprotein. 

In 1995 we reported a significant reduction in Lp(a) lipoprotein concentration in a prospective study of 20 healthy volunteers (men and women) given 21 g of alcohol daily for 10 days in the form of red wine (median (range) 186 (15-1420) mg/l v 132 (10-1210) mg/l, P<0.001).5 This reduction was not repeated when the same subjects were given white wine, raising the issue of potential differences between various alcoholic drinks. Interestingly, we found no changes in high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. 

We have conducted a larger unpublished crossover trial in 50 men comparing the effects of 3 units (24 g) of alcohol a day as red wine or vodka for 14 days on Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations. Each period of alcohol consumption was preceded by two weeks’ abstinence. Both drinks produced a 10-12% decrease in Lp(a) concentration (geometric mean 153 mg/100 ml v 135 mg/l after vodka, P<0.001; 151 mg/l v 136 mg/l after red wine, P<0.01). These results suggest that moderate alcohol consumption results in changes in Lp(a) lipoprotein which are independent of the type of alcoholic drink consumed. In conclusion, we agree with Paassilta et al that lower Lp(a) concentrations may be one factor conferring lower mortality and cardiovascular benefit in social drinkers.
A RA-dependent, tumour-growth suppressive transcription complex is the target of the PML-RARα and T18 oncoproteins
Authors: Sue Zhong, Laurent Delva, Christophe Rachez, Cristina Cenciarelli, Domenica Gandini, Hui Zhang, Sundeep Kalantry, Leonard P. Freedman, Pier Paolo Pandolfi
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Abstract 20541: Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) Modulates Oxidative Stress via Nrf2: Roles of Intracellular and Extracellular NAMPT
Authors: Tao Jiang, Ting Wang, Louise Hecker, Donna D Zhang, Joe G Garcia
Journal: Circulation (2014)

We previously identified the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT, also known as pre-B cell colony enhancing factor or PBEF), as a candidate gene promoting both acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) with circulating extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT) potently inducing NFkB signaling in lung endothelium. We also confirmed the intracellular NAMPT (iNAMPT) enzymatic activity is strongly associated with apoptosis inhibition in neutrophils, which prolongs the half-life of infiltrated neutrophil, to exacerbate acute lung inflammation. In this study, we further characterize the novel function of NAMPT via oxidative stress modulation through Nrf2, which is a key regulator in cellular adaptive response to pro-inflammatory oxidative stimulation. Direct exposure to eNAMPT activates Nrf2, and its down-stream signaling, by upregulation of cellular Nrf2 protein levels. In addition, eNAMPT promotes NAMPT expression, in a positive feedback loop to increase both iNAMPT and eNAMPT, presumably via Nrf2 dependent oxidative stress transcriptional pathways. However, NAMPT protein expression is increased by Nrf2 knockdown (by specific siRNA) in human pulmonary endothelial cells or in lung tissue of Nrf2 knockout mice, which suggests that NAMPT expression is regulated by Nrf2, via non-classic transcriptional pathways. Interestingly, over-expressed iNAMPT directly binds to Nrf2, thereby inhibiting its transcriptional activity; in addition, over-expressed iNAMPT binds and inhibits Keap1, which leads to accumulation of Nrf2 in the cytosol. These novel findings characterize the complex modification of intracellular adaptive response to oxidative stress via Nrf2, by extracellular NAMPT, as well as intracellular NAMPT. These studies provide new molecular mechanisms of NAMPT-mediated acute lung inflammation and oxidative stress modulation.
Oral Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Richard A Bernstein, Gregory W Albers
Journal: JAMA (2005)

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Health Care Reform: Learning from International Experience, by Ed C Ham
Authors: M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Ed C Ham: Open University Press, £13.99, pp 147 ISBN 0 335 19889 9

I recently asked someone with a central role in the 1990 NHS reforms why we in Britain had paid so little attention to the successes and failures of others' healthcare reforms. “We were always too busy,” he replied. I was, once again, struck by the contrast with the intense interest in our experiences shown by our European neighbours.



Eggshell fragment in the larynx of a young child causing hoarseness and stridor. Foreign bodies are still a common cause of morbidity, but many of the conditions are illustrated in Pediatric Laryngology and Bronchoesophagology (Lippincott-Raven, £134.25, ISBN …
Uzun süreli efalizumab tedavisi ile kronik plak psoriazisinde iyileşme: Randomize faz III çalışma sonuçları
Authors: Craig L. Leonardi, Kim A. Papp, Kenneth B. Gordon, Alan Menter, Steven R. Feldman, Ivor CarofPatricia A. Walicke, Peter G. ComptonveAlice B. Gottlieb, Missouri, Waterloo, Canada, Maywood, Illinois, Dallas, Texas, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, South San Francisco, California ve New Brunswick, New Jersey
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)