tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infantile spasms and vigabatrin
Authors: J. P Osborne, S. W Edwards, E. Hancock, A. L Lux, F. O'Callaghan, T. Johnson, C. R Kennedy, R. W Newton, C. M Verity, S D Lhatoo, J W A S Sander
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Suboptimal ward care of critically ill patients Suboptimal care should have been definedEditor-McQuillan et al show that most patients receive suboptimal management of oxygen therapy, airway, breathing, circulation, and monitoring before admission to intensive care. 1 In an area of medicine renowned for objective measurement it is surprising that this study should rely on the subjective opinions of two assessors about what constituted suboptimal care.Understandably, their opinions often disagreed.The authors accept that there are difficulties in relying on assessors' opinions, but we must not underestimate these limitations.The assessors knew the outcomes of the patients, which must have biased their opinions, particularly since suboptimal care is not defined.How suboptimal care was defined is crucial to the paper's message, and more information about the data evaluated by the assessors would have been preferable to the lengthy discussion, much of which was not directly related to the data.Unfortunately, many of the data are self fulfilling.It is unsurprising that the suboptimally managed group scored badly on oxygen therapy and airway, breathing, and circulation and that 67% of this group were late admissions to intensive care since these were presumably the factors used to determine suboptimal management.Nevertheless, a key message is that most of the well managed patients were admitted to intensive care units within the first day of admission, with presumably some going straight from accident and emergency.These acutely ill patients are perhaps more easily identifiable as going to need intensive care.Conversely, those patients who arrived at hospital less ill and who deteriorated while on general wards were those who received suboptimal care.There was a longer time between admission to hospital and admission to intensive care in these patients.We are not told if any of the admissions to intensive care were delayed because of lack of beds.Although there is no excuse for suboptimal care, sometimes admission to intensive care is requested because a ward with overstretched nursing staff and no high dependency beds recognises that it is unable to provide optimal care for an acutely ill patient.
Vitamin E and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

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Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Spirometry: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Authors: Ned Calonge, Diana B. Petitti, Thomas G. DeWitt, Leon Gordis, Allen J. Dietrich, Kimberly D. Gregory, Russell Harris, George J. Isham, Michael L. LeFevre, Roseanne Leipzig, Carol Loveland-Cherry, Lucy N. Marion, Virginia A. Moyer, Judith K. Ockene, George F. Sawaya, Barbara P. Yawn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Description: New U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation about screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using spirometry. Methods: The USPSTF weighed the benefits (prevention of ≥1 exacerbation and improvement in respiratory-related health status measures) and harms (time and effort required by both patients and the health care system, false-positive screening tests, and adverse effects of subsequent unnecessary therapy) of COPD screening identified in the accompanying review of the evidence. The USPSTF did not consider the financial costs of spirometry testing or COPD therapies. Recommendation: Do not screen adults for COPD using spirometry. (Grade D recommendation)
Abstract 2026: Incidence, Predictors and Outcome of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Aryeh Shalev, Alexander Fich, Harel Gilutz, Carlos Cafri, Victor Novack, Reuben Ilia, Doron Zahger
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Purpose: The broad utilization of revascularization and antithrombotic drugs has improved outcome of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Nevertheless, these strategies are associated with a substantial risk of bleeding, which is associated in turn with increased mortality. Most bleeding episodes are related to arterial punctures. The characteristics and outcome of patients who develop upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in this setting have received little attention. Methods: Using computerized databases we identified all patients admitted to our center between 10/96 and 11/07 for an ACS who developed UGIB during their hospital stay. For each case 3 control cases matched for age, gender, and ACS subtype were randomly selected. Multiple baseline characteristics, as well as antithrombotic agents, revascularization strategy, endoscopy reports and 30-day mortality were recorded. Results: 7240 ACS patients were admitted to our ICCU during the study period, of whom 64 (0.9%) developed UGIB. There were no significant differences between groups in the prevalence of diabetes and other risk factors, revascularization strategy, or the use of proton pump inhibitors or H2-blockers. Patients who bled suffered more from renal impairment and LV dysfunction and were more frequently treated with thienopyridines (89% vs. 68%, p=0.002) and GPIIb/IIIa receptor blockers (39% vs. 24%, p=0.03), but were treated equally with aspirin (100% vs. 96%, p=0.2). The combination of unfractionated heparin (UFH) with either GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockers or enoxaparin was also associated with UGIB (30% vs. 7%, p=0.001 and 36% vs. 18%, p=0.005, respectively). Patients who developed UGIB had a substantially higher 30-day mortality rate (33% vs. 6%, p&lt;0.001). Among patients for whom endoscopy was available (35 patients of 64) the source of bleeding was similarly distributed between the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Gastritis and duodenitis were the most common findings. Conclusions: UGIB in patients with ACS is associated with very high mortality. Patients who bled tended to have a greater degree of cardiac and renal dysfunction. The use of combined anti-platelet therapy, especially in conjunction with UFH is a strong risk factor for this serious complication.
Abstract 4299: Injectable Alginate Scaffold with Staged Transplantation of Fetal Cardiomyocytes Improves Infarct Healing and Cardiac Remodeling in Rat
Authors: Natalie Landa, Micha S Feinberg, Radka Holbova, Liron Miller, Orna Tsur-Gang, Shmuel Tuvia, Smadar Cohen, Jonathan Leor
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Marketing of breast milk substitutes
Authors: S. Jacobs, A. Bronner, S. Centuori, A. Cattaneo, R. Davanzo, T. Burmaz, M. Del Santo, M. Asante, K. Asante
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—It is disappointing that the BMJ should give such prominence to Taylor’s paper1 as it is based on a report of the Interagency Group on Breastfeeding Monitoring that was first published 15 months ago. The paper is no more than a reworked presentation of less than 30% of the original document, some of which had already been reported in the journal.2

The timing is also disappointing in view of the announcement by the World Health Organisation in January 1998 that it is to hold consultations on infant feeding, including an initiative to identify, examine, and overcome the main obstacles to implementing the international code of marketing of breast milk substitutes in all countries. The infant food industry is happy to work with the WHO and others, but in the past the Interagency Group on Breastfeeding Monitoring has refused to meet with us and has repeatedly refused to provide the information that would allow companies to investigate the alleged contraventions. 

Taylor concludes that the survey methods used in this study were successful in detecting violations of the international code and recommends that the methodology should be used in future monitoring. Yet the protocol, results, and conclusions have been severely criticised for using arbitrary definitions (J Rey, personal communication) and flawed methodology.3 We also take issue with many of the alleged violations that relate to foods not covered by the code, such as follow-on formulas (weaning milks) and weaning foods. Local regulations and codes are also ignored, even though the code states that countries should develop their own controls as appropriate to their own requirements. 

In its January 1998 report to its executive board the WHO “urges that national measures adopted to give effect to the International Code include: clear definitions, which are communicated to and understood by all parties; transparent monitoring and reporting procedures to determine whether alleged violations contravene national measures; and a monitoring authority established under government responsibility.” The infant food industry fully supports this recommendation and the current consultation process, which we trust will lead to proper implementation of the code by all countries, with effective, transparent and impartial monitoring of the code under government supervision.
Estrogen Sensitivity of Target Genes and Expression of Nuclear Receptor Co-Regulators in Rat Prostate after Pre- and Postnatal Exposure to the Ultraviolet Filter 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor
Authors: Stefan Durrer, Colin Ehnes, Michaela Fuetsch, Kirsten Maerkel, Margret Schlumpf, Walter Lichtensteiger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

In previous studies, we found that the ultraviolet filter 4-methyl-benzylidene camphor (4-MBC) exhibits estrogenic activity, is a preferential estrogen receptor (ER)-beta ligand, and interferes with development of female reproductive organs and brain of both sexes in rats. Here, we report effects on male development.4-MBC (0.7, 7, 24, 47 mg/kg/day) was administered in chow to the parent generation before mating, during gestation and lactation, and to offspring until adulthood. mRNA was determined in prostate lobes by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and protein was determined by Western blot analysis.4-MBC delayed male puberty, decreased adult prostate weight, and slightly increased testis weight. Androgen receptor (AR), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), ER-alpha, and ER-beta expression in prostate were altered at mRNA and protein levels, with stronger effects in dorsolateral than ventral prostate. To assess sensitivity of target genes to estrogens, offspring were castrated on postnatal day 70, injected with 17beta-estradiol (E(2); 10 or 50 microg/kg, sc) or vehicle on postnatal day 84, and sacrificed 6 hr later. Acute repression of AR and IGF-1 mRNAs by E(2), studied in ventral prostate, was reduced by 4-MBC exposure. This was accompanied by reduced co-repressor N-CoR (nuclear receptor co-repressor) protein in ventral and dorsolateral prostate, whereas steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) protein levels were unaffected.Our data indicate that 4-MBC affects development of male reproductive functions and organs, with a lowest observed adverse effect level of 0.7 mg/kg. Nuclear receptor coregulators were revealed as targets for endocrine disruptors, as shown for N-CoR in prostate and SRC-1 in uterus. This may have widespread effects on gene regulation.
Abstract 3206: Quantitative Rage Imaging In Diabetic And Non-diabetic ApoE Null Mice
Authors: Yared Tekabe, Joane Luma, Marija Sedler, Rosa Rosario, Ann Marie Schmidt, Lynne Johnson
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Receptors for Advanced Glycated Endproducts (RAGE) bind AGEs and other inflammatory ligands and are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. The higher expression in diabetes (DM) corresponds with accelerated course of the disease. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the level of RAGE expression in atherosclerosis can be detected in-vivo by quantitative in-vivo SPECT imaging. Methods and Results : A monoclonal murine antibody was developed against the V-domain of RAGE, fragmented into F(ab′) 2 and labeled with 99m Tc and dose of 402 ± 18 μCi or 14.8 ± 0.67 MBq injected into eleven 16 –24 week apoE −/− mice 5 with streptozotocin induced DM (given at 6 weeks). Four hours later (time based on blood pool clearance) mice were imaged on HiSPECT scanner (Bioscan), sacrificed, the proximal aorta removed, counted, and sectioned. Uptake in the thorax on SPECT corresponding to the proximal aorta was quantified as % ID using Interview XP (Mediso) software. For the total vascular area for each section, lesion size as % area and cells staining positive for RAGE as % total cells were quantified using immunohistomorphometry. Results expressed as mean values for the apoE −/− with and without DM are shown below. Lesion morphology was AHA class II-III and size ranged from 4 –56%. Values for % ID/g tissue and for % ID from scans for all mice were plotted against RAGE expression (% RAGE + cells) and the correlations were the following: % ID/g tissue vs. % RAGE + cells, R 2 = 0.80, P = 0.0013, and for % ID scan vs. % RAGE + cells, R 2 = 0.83, P = 0.0002. Conclusions : In this pilot sample 99m Tc-labeled anti-RAGE F(ab′) 2 SPECT imaging successfully identified early accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic apoE −/− mice compared to age matched non-diabetic apoE −/− mice and quantified RAGE expression over a range of lesion severities. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Founders Affiliate (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont).
Prediction of individual dosage of nortriptyline
Authors: T B Cooper, G M Simpson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The authors describe a technique that enables a physician to determine individual patient dosage requirements for nortriptyline from a single 24-hour blood sample. Because the technique reveals immediately those patients at the extremes of dosage ranges, toxicity and the need for time-consuming titration of the dosage regimen can be avoided.
Long-term effects of incestuous abuse in childhood
Authors: Judith Herman, Diana Russell, Karen Trocki
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The authors studied two groups of adult women with histories of incest, a nonclinical sample (N = 152) and an outpatient sample (N = 53). Women in the community sample reported a range of long-term effects from the incest. The great majority said they had been upset by their incest experiences, but about half said they had recovered well from their trauma. Most women who had suffered forceful, prolonged, or highly intrusive sexual abuse, or who had been abused by their father or stepfather, reported long-lasting negative effects. The patient sample reported histories comparable to the most severe traumatic histories in the community sample.
Abstract 17719: Competitive Atrial Pacing is an Important Risk Factor for Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation in Paced Patients: Analysis of RATE Registry Data
Authors: Michael V Orlov, Steven Swiryn, David Benditt, John DiMarco, Mara Slawsky, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Melanie Turkel, Albert Waldo
Journal: Circulation (2012)

During pacemaker (PMR) or defibrillator (ICD) follow-up, atrial tachycardia or atrial fibrillation (AT/AF) of various durations is often documented by device electrograms (EGM). However, inasmuch a...
Abstract 3063: Evaluation of the Left Atrial Degeneration using Integrated Backscatter Transesophageal Echocardiography for the Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Tomoki Kubota, Masanori Kawasaki, Urara Mori, Nobuhiro Takasugi, Yoshiyuki Ishihara, Munenori Okubo, Takahiko Yamaki, Shinsuke Ojio, Takuma Aoyama, Masanao Saio, Genzou Takemura, Kazuhiko Nishigaki, Shinya Minatoguchi, Hisayoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: It is recognized that one of the causes of atrial fibrillation (AF) is pathological degeneration of the left atrium (LA). However, there has not been an appropriate noninvasive method t...
The theory and practice of movie psychiatry
Authors: Irving Schneider
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

The depiction of psychiatry in the movies has been a source of concern over the years to many in the profession who feel that a false picture of psychiatrists' work has been presented to the public. In fact, psychiatry in the movies has developed its own characteristics, which only occasionally intersect with those of the real-life profession. This paper outlines the methods and theories of the invented profession of movie psychiatry.
Abstract 17402: Hypothalamic Leptin Resistance Contributes to Increased Myocardial Fatty Acid Oxidation Rates in Obesity
Authors: Crystal L Sloan, Joseph Tuinei, E. Dale Abel
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Obesity is associated with hypothalamic leptin-resistance and increased myocardial FA oxidation (FAO). Caloric restriction (CR) in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and leptin-resistant db/db mice, norma...
Abstract 15191: Relationship between Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Intravascular Ultrasound Tomography (IVUS) and Pressure-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Tsuyoshi Osue, Toshiro Shinke, Hiromasa Otake, Yu Kuroda, Hiroto Kinutani, Akihide Konishi, Ryo Nishio, Noritoshi Hiranuma, Masamichi Iwasaki, Yu Taniguchi, Hirotoshi Hariki, Takumi Inoue, Masayuki Nakagawa, Junya Shite, Ken-ichi Hirata
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-based minimal lumen area (MLA) measurement has been reported as a useful method for detecting ischemia in a cath-lab. However, considering the higher reso...
Abstract 4374: Persistent Conduction Abnormalities and Requirements for Pacemaking 6 Months After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Nicolo Piazza, Rutger-Jan Nuis, Apostolos Tzikas, Carl Schultz, Yoshinobu Onuma, Amber Otten, Hector M Garcia Garcia, Chrysafios Girasis, Ron van Domburg, Robert-Jan van Geuns, Peter de Jaegere, Patrick W Serruys
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Early conduction abnormalities and need for pacemaking after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is well recognized. It is still unknown, however, if these conduction abnorma...
Trial of fluoxetine added to neuroleptics for treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients
Authors: D C Goff, A W Brotman, M Waites, S McCormick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Mean ratings of positive and negative symptoms and depression significantly improved in nine treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients who completed a 6-week open trial of fluoxetine added to their neuroleptics. The authors identify differences between responders and nonresponders and recommend controlled trials.
TCT-522 National Trends in Case Fatality based on Anatomical Location of ST elevation Myocardial Infarction in Hospitalized Patients, 1993-2009
Authors: Kaustubh Dabhadkar, Abhishek Deshmukh, Ambar Kulshreshtha, Apurva Badheka, Rajesh Sachdeva
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 18304: Assessment of Age-Related Aortic Stiffness With Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Julio Chirinos, Prithvi Shiva-Kumar, Rahul Chandrashekhar, Sanjal Desai, Walter Witschey, Snigdha Jain, Hassam Saif, Philip Haines, Preston Broderick, Salvatore Geraci, Amin Vakilipour, Deepa Rawat, Victor Ferrari, Scott Akers
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Several methods have emerged to assess aortic stiffness with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to compare 3 MRI methods to assess thoracic aortic stiffness as an index of arterial aging.[[Unable to Display Character: ]] Methods: We studied 97 patients referred for a clinically-indicated cardiac MRI at 1.5 T. We assessed aortic stiffness via the following Methods: (1) Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements from the foot-to-foot transit-time (PWV-TT) of flow between the ascending and distal thoracic descending aorta, measured via in-plane MRI phase-contrast imaging; (2) PWV estimations via the flow-area method (PWV-QA), where local PWV is computed as the ratio between ascending aortic pulsate flow (assessed with through-plane phase-contrast imaging) and change in cross-sectional area (assessed with steady-state free precession cine imaging) during the reflection-free period of the cardiac cycle (early systole); (3) Ascending aortic distensibility, measured as the fractional aortic lumen area change (assessed with steady-state free precession imaging) divided by central pulse pressure (measured with carotid applanation tonometry).[[Unable to Display Character: ]] Results: Semi-automated segmentation of aortic steady-state free precession cine images using active contour methods was feasible in 72.2% of cases, whereas transit-time estimations were feasible in all cases studied. Among cases with complete data,[[Unable to Display Character: ]]coefficients of correlation (R) with age were as follows: 0.49 for PWV-TT, 0.43 for PWV-QA and 0.62 for aortic distensibility (all P&lt;0.0001). However, after adjustment for distending pressure (mean arterial pressure), partial coefficients of correlation (R) with age were as follows: 0.39 for PWV-TT (P=0.001), 0.61 for PWV-QA (P&lt;0.0001) and 0.56 for aortic distensibility (P&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: Local ascending aortic distensibility or PWV assessments using the area-flow method appear to be more robust indicators of age-related large artery stiffening than the transit-time method based on in-plane phase-contrast aortic imaging. However, semi-automated aortic segmentation is not feasible in a significant proportion of cases, underscoring the need to develop more robust MRI methods to quantify aortic distension.
Calcium-Channel Blockers Do Not Alter the Clinical Efficacy of Clopidogrel After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jonas B. Olesen, Gunnar H. Gislason, Mette G. Charlot, Emil L. Fosbøl, Charlotte Andersson, Peter Weeke, Ole Ahlehoff, Christian Selmer, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Peter R. Hansen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)