tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of C-peptide in the dog. In vivo demonstration of the absence of hepatic extraction.
Authors: K Polonsky, J Jaspan, W Pugh, D Cohen, M Schneider, T Schwartz, A R Moossa, H Tager, A H Rubenstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The in vivo hepatic metabolism of connecting peptide (C-peptide) in relation to that of insulin has not been adequately characterized. A radioimmunoassay for dog C-peptide was therefore developed and its metabolism studied in conscious mongrel dogs, with sampling catheters chronically implanted in their portal and hepatic veins and femoral artery. The hepatic extraction of endogenous C-peptide under basal conditions was negligible (4.3 +/- 4.5%) and was similar to the hepatic extraction of C-peptide measured during the constant exogenous infusion of C-peptide isolated from dog pancreas. Simultaneously measured hepatic extraction of endogenous and exogenously infused insulin were 43.8 +/- 7.6 and 47.5 +/- 4.4%, respectively. The metabolic clearance rate of infused C-peptide was 11.5 +/- 0.8 ml/kg per min and was constant over the concentration range usually encountered under physiological conditions. In additional experiments, the effect of parenteral glucose administration on the hepatic extraction of C-peptide and insulin was investigated. The hepatic extraction of C-peptide (6.2 +/- 4.0%) was again negligible in comparison with that of insulin (46.7 +/- 3.4%). Parenteral glucose administration did not affect the hepatic extraction of either peptide irrespective of whether it was infused peripherally, intraportally, or together with an intraportal infusion of gastrointestinal inhibitory polypeptide. The fasting C-peptide insulin molar ratio in both the portal vein (1.2 +/- 0.1) and femoral artery (2.1 +/- 0.3) was also unaffected by the glucose stimulus. These results therefore indicate that, since the hepatic extraction of C-peptide is negligible and its clearance kinetics linear, the peripheral C-peptide concentration should accurately reflect the rate of insulin secretion. New approaches to the quantitation of hepatic extraction and secretion of insulin by noninvasive techniques are now feasible.
Genetically Engineered Models Have Advantages over Xenografts for Preclinical Studies
Authors: Oren J. Becher, Eric C. Holland
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Mouse models of human cancer are valuable tools for cancer research. Although xenografts and genetically engineered models (GEMs) possess limitations as well as advantages, each system plays a significant role in preclinical testing. Tumor xenografts are easy to use, relatively inexpensive, and reproducible. The main drawback of xenografts is that the genetics and histology of the tumors are frequently not representative of the respective human tumor and, thus far, these models have not been as predictive of therapeutic success as one would like. By contrast, GEMs are histologically and genetically accurate models of human cancer but have disadvantages of heterogeneity with regard to frequency, latency, and growth. These disadvantages are reminiscent of the variable behavior of actual human tumors. Recently, these shortcomings have been partly overcome with the development of anatomic and molecular in vivo imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and bioluminescence imaging. These new technologies will hopefully support the use of GEMs in preclinical trials and help determine if trials in GEMs are more predicative than xenografts of human responses. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(7): 3355-9)
Highly Purified Eicosapentaenoic Acid as Free Fatty Acids Strongly Suppresses Polyps in ApcMin/+ Mice
Authors: Lucia Fini, Giulia Piazzi, Claudio Ceccarelli, Yahya Daoud, Andrea Belluzzi, Alessandra Munarini, Giulia Graziani, Vincenzo Fogliano, Michael Selgrad, Melissa Garcia, Antonio Gasbarrini, Robert M. Genta, C. Richard Boland, Luigi Ricciardiello
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Although cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors could represent the most effective chemopreventive tool against colorectal cancer (CRC), their use in clinical practice is hampered by cardiovascular side effects. Consumption of ω-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3-PUFAs) is associated with a reduced risk of CRC. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the efficacy of a novel 99% pure preparation of ω-3-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid as free fatty acids (EPA-FFA) on polyps in ApcMin/+ mice. Experimental design: ApcMin/+ and corresponding wild-type mice were fed control diet (Ctrl) or diets containing either EPA-FFA 2.5% or 5%, for 12 weeks while monitoring food intake and body weight. Results: We found that both EPA-FFA diets protected from the cachexia observed among ApcMin/+ animals fed Ctrl diet (P &amp;lt; 0.0054), without toxic effect, in conjunction with a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation in the treated arms. Moreover, both EPA-FFA diets dramatically suppressed polyp number (by 71.5% and 78.6%, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and load (by 82.5% and 93.4%, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) in both small intestine and colon. In addition, polyps less than 1 mm in size were predominantly found in the EPA-FFA 5% arm whereas those 1 to 3 mm in size were more frequent in the Ctrl arm (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Interestingly, in the EPA-FFA groups, mucosal arachidonic acid was replaced by EPA (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), leading to a significant reduction in COX-2 expression and β-catenin nuclear translocation. Moreover, in the EPA-FFA arms, we found a significant decrease in proliferation throughout the intestine together with an increase in apoptosis. Conclusions: Our data make 99% pure EPA-FFA an excellent candidate for CRC chemoprevention. Clin Cancer Res; 16(23); 5703–11. ©2010 AACR.
Prophylactic Antibiotics in Simple Hand Lacerations
Authors: John A. I. Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A randomized, prospective study of 265 patients with hand lacerations was carried out to define the role of prophylactic antibiotics in the management of simple, sutured wounds of the hand. Two hundred sixty-five patients were followed up until suture removal or satisfactory wound healing. There were a total of three infections (1.1%). There were no noticeable differences in the incidence of infection in the antibiotic and placebo treatment groups. It is concluded that prophylactic antibiotics are an unnecessary adjunct in the treatment of simple lacerations of the hand and no replacement for meticulous wound management. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1055-1056)
Vaccination of rubella-susceptible women during oral contraceptive care in general practice.
Authors: M Gringras, R Reisler, J Caisley, W Helliwell, C H Bowker
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Over a six-month period women attending a general practice surgery for contraceptive pill prescriptions were asked whether they had had rubella and if they would give a blood sample to test for immunity. Of 459 interview, 104 (23%) did not want any more children and 69 (15%) had been vaccinated or had been shown to be immune by serotesting. Only three refused to give a blood sample, and 283 patients (62%) had their antibody concentrations checked. Two hundred and twenty-five (79-5%) could be reassured that they were immune, and the rest were offered rubella vaccination. It is thus quite feasible, and would add little to the work load, to screen the susceptible women in a practice and offer rubella vaccination to those needing it.
Synovial fluid T cells in HTLV-I positive RA.
Authors: S Ijichi, I Maruyama, Y Maruyama, M Osame, T Matsuda, T Niinura, S Sonoda
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

DayDisease activity in polyarteritis nodosa.Serum creatinine and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) declined followving immunosuppressive treatment (open arrow), but there werefurther acute neurological events (small arrows).Day O=day ofadmission with first stroke.renal and visceral disease, late deaths (within two years) are largely attributable to cerebro- vascular, and to a lesser extent cardiac, events.2The addition of cytotoxic agents to cortico- steroids may be more efficacious than steroids alone in treatment of PAN4; this approach, or the use of higher dose immunosuppressive treatment, should be considered for patients with PAN who have evidence of cerebro- vascular disease.The early recognition and appropriate treatment of PAN significantly improves prognosis;5 our case, and the frequent deaths from cerebrovascular disease in PAN, suggests that cerebral involvement in this condition requires further attention and may merit more aggressive treatment.Improved renal function indicates a good renovascular response to immunosuppressive treatment.In contrast, there were repeated further neurological events recorded as cerebral infarcts.As far as we know this variable response between the cerebral and renal circulations has not been described previously.
Benzodiazepine Use and Risk of Mortality in Individuals Aged 85 Years or Older
Authors: D. J. Vinkers
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Galactorrhea and Antipsychotic Agents
Authors: H. L. Masco
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In reading through your QUESTION AND ANSWER (232:962, 1975), I was somewhat disturbed to come across a letter requesting information about persistent bilateral galactorrhea in a patient who was receiving thioridazine, 100 mg twice a day, and amitriptyline hydrochloride, 10 mg twice a day. The disturbing statements were actually in the answer to the letter. It involved a statement by Dr Leis of the New York Medical College that tranquilizers have been implicated as the cause of galactorrhea and, therefore, if possible, treatment with these agents should be stopped in the patient in question "or another type of sedative [should be] substituted." I find this very disturbing because many physicians may take the statement as meaning that the use of antipsychotic agents, such as thioridazine, should be stopped when galactorrhea occurs, and indeed he recommends it in this case, in which he admits quite freely that there
Cornulin, a marker of late epidermal differentiation, is down‐regulated in eczema
Authors: A. Liedén, E. Ekelund, I ‐C. Kuo, I. Kockum, C ‐H. Huang, L. Mallbris, S. P. Lee, L. K. Seng, G. Y. Chin, C ‐F. Wahlgren, C. N. A. Palmer, B. Björkstén, M. Ståhle, M. Nordensköld, M. Bradley, K. Y. Chua, M. D’Amato
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Eczema is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder which shows strong genetic predisposition. To identify new potential molecular determinants of the disease pathogenesis, we performed a gene expression study in an eczema mouse model. This analysis identified a marked down regulation of the cornulin gene ( CRNN ), a member of the epidermal differentiation complex, in the eczema‐like skin. We then investigated CRNN as an eczema candidate gene and studied its polymorphism and the expression in the skin of eczema patients. Methods: An eczema‐like phenotype was induced in mice by allergen (Der p2) patching. Gene expression analysis was performed with the subtractive suppression hybridization method and validated by real time PCR and the transmission disequilibrium test was used to test for genetic associations in 406 multiplex eczema families. Results: Der p 2 patched mice developed a localized eczema and a Th 2 skewed systemic response. Real time PCR analysis confirmed a down regulation of CRNN mRNA in eczema‐like skin in the mouse model and in human eczema. The CRNN polymorphism rs941934 was significantly associated with atopic eczema in the genetic analysis ( P = 0.006), though only as part of an extended haplotype including a known associated variant (2282del4) in the filaggrin gene. Conclusions: CRNN mRNA expression is decreased in eczematous skin. Further studies are needed to verify whether the associated cornulin polymorphism contribute to the genetic susceptibility in eczema.
Maharishi Ayur-Veda
Authors: Michael T. Greenwood
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —I enjoyed your article on Maharishi Ayur-Veda. During the past 15 years of active family practice, I have experienced firsthand the successes and failures of the conventional approach to illness.  The time has come for alternative philosophies to be accepted into the mainstream of medicine, because for many common illnesses today, the traditional approach of physical diagnosis and treatment simply does not work. Diagnosis and treatment are ultimately disempowering to patients, since they place the locus of control in the physician's hands.  Among the many alternatives, Maharishi Ayur-Veda stands out as having a coherent and easy-to-understand philosophy, and it is backed up by rigorous scientific research. The principles of psychophysiologic typing, meditation, diet, and herbal supplements are simple, cheap, ecologically sound, and applicable to virtually everybody, whether or not they have a serious illness. I hope we can look forward to more of
More cautionary labeling appears on isotretinoin
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The Food and Drug Administration and Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ, have agreed on more cautionary labeling for the company's isotretinoin (Accutane) anti-acne product. The laboratories are a division of Hoffmann-LaRoche Inc. The labeling contains two boxed warnings that were not in the earlier version. These emphasize in boldface type that the drug should not be used by women who are pregnant or who have immediate plans to become pregnant. The warning also draws attention to the association of isotretinoin with cases of pseudotumor cerebri, pointing out that early signs of this disorder include papilledema, headache, nausea and vomiting, and visual disturbances. Further, in what is held by some to be an unusual move, the FDA has advised the blood banking community that patients receiving isotretinoin should not donate blood for transfusion for 30 days after use of the drug. The director of the Division of Blood
REPAIR OF RUPTURED PATELLAR TENDON WITH AIRPLANE CONTROL CABLE
Authors: Fremont A. Chandler
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The use of 18-8 stainless steel wire has proved to be unsatisfactory in the fixation of skeletal parts during the course of surgical procedures. This failure is due to the crystallizing quality of this alloy. Such wire may remain intact for months, unaffected by tissue fluids, and then break into multiple fragments because of movement of the bone fragments or pressure of the adjacent soft parts. The tendency to crystallization and fracture becomes greater as the size of the wire increases. In order to overcome this defect of single wire strands, stainless steel airplane control cables have been employed. The strength and flexibility of these cables make them adaptable to many surgical problems. The tensile strength of a 1/16 in. (0.16 cm.) 7 by 7 type cable is about 470 lb. (213.2 kg.). It is constructed of seven strands, each of which is composed of seven strands of very fine
Infectious Complications After Cardiac Transplantation in Man
Authors: EDWARD B. STINSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Infectious complications developed postoperatively in 12 of 20 patients undergoing cardiac transplantation. In five, infection was considered to have caused or contributed directly to death. In the remaining 7 patients 20 separate infectious episodes were arrested or cured. A wide variety of infectious organisms were seen, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. Multiple infections, especially pulmonary, were common, and many were recognized only at autopsy. Although immunosuppressive treatment was considered the primary factor in predisposing to posttransplant infection, other factors, including the respiratory complications of chronic congestive heart failure and surgical management in the cardiac recipient, were considered contributory. This experience demonstrates that in cardiac transplantation, as in other types of organ transplantation, infectious complications constitute a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality.
The writing's on the wall for Sherlock
Authors: T. D. Ruder, Y. Thali, M. Bucher, A. Cottier, M. J. Thali, G. M. Hatch
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Thomas Ruder and colleagues discover that once again the sleuth’s hunches were right

> “There has been murder done, and the murderer was . . . more than six feet high”1

In Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s A Study in Scarlet , Sherlock Holmes and his companion Dr John Watson find themselves at the scene of a homicide: a man’s body has been discovered in an abandoned house, with the word RACHE (German for revenge) written in blood on a nearby wall. Holmes reads footprints in the dust, scrutinises little heaps of tobacco ash with his magnifying glass, and takes a close look at the bloody inscription. Based on his observations he states:

> “[T]he murderer . . . was more than six feet high.”1 

Flattered by Watson’s amazement, Holmes explains: 

> “[T]he height of a man . . . can be told from the length of his stride [and] I had this fellow’s stride both on the clay outside and on the dust within.”1



Jennifer Doneske, www.coverstorystudios.com



Jennifer Doneske, www.coverstorystudios.com



With this knowledge, Holmes was ahead of his time: it was not until the late 20th century that a group of forensic scientists rediscovered the correlation between height and stride.2 3 However, they found that the length of a stride depends not only on someone’s height but also on walking speed.3 Holmes, of course, knew about the limitations of his method and applied a second technique to confirm his estimation: “When a man writes on a wall, his instinct leads him to write about the level of his own eyes. Now that writing was just over six feet from the ground. It was child’s …
Abstract IA19: Dyskeratosis congenita and related syndromes
Authors: Inderjeet Dokal
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Dyskeratosis Congenita (DC) is a heterogeneous multi-system syndrome exhibiting marked clinical and genetic heterogeneity. In its classical form it is characterized by mucocutaneous abnormalities (abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, leucoplakia), bone marrow failure and a high predisposition to malignancy (hematological and non-hematological). Bone marrow failure is the principal cause of mortality and patients display features of premature aging (including early dental loss, premature greying and osteoporosis). Studies over the last 15 years have led to significant advances with ten DC genes (DKC1, TERC, TERT, NOP10, NHP2, TINF2, USB1, TCAB1, CTC1 and RTEL1) having been characterized. Nine of these are important in telomere maintenance. DC is therefore principally a disease of defective telomere maintenance and patients usually have very short/ and or abnormal telomeres. The genetic advances have also led to the unification of DC with a number of other disorders. This includes the severe multi-system disorders Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson and Revesz syndromes as well as a subset of patients with aplastic anemia, myelodysplasia, leukemia, liver disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This wide spectrum of diseases ranging from classical DC to aplastic anemia can be regarded as disorders of defective telomere maintenance - “the telomereopathies”. These advances have increased our understanding of several human diseases (including genetic predisposition to subtypes of cancer) and highlighted the importance of telomere maintenance in human biology. They are also facilitating diagnosis (especially when presentation is atypical) and management. Correct early diagnosis is important as bone marrow failure associated with this group of disorders is unlikely to respond to immunosuppressive agents and is more likely to respond to anabolic steroids such as oxymetholone. For patients who are unresponsive to anabolic steroids allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using fludarabine based low intensity protocols is producing encouraging results. Citation Format: Inderjeet Dokal. Dyskeratosis congenita and related syndromes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Susceptibility and Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes; Jan 29-Feb 1, 2014; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(23 Suppl):Abstract nr IA19. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CANSUSC14-IA19
Interpretation by Physicians of Clinical Laboratory Results
Authors: Ward Casscells, Arno Schoenberger, Thomas B. Graboys
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

AS both the number and cost of clinical laboratory tests continue to increase at an accelerating rate,1 physicians are faced with the task of comprehending and acting on a rising flood tide of information. We conducted a small survey to obtain some idea of how physicians do, in fact, interpret a laboratory result.MethodsWe asked 20 house officers, 20 fourth-year medical students and 20 attending physicians, selected in 67 consecutive hallway encounters at four Harvard Medical School teaching hospitals, the following question: "If a test to detect a disease whose prevalence is 1/1000 has a false positive rate of . . .
Late Ventricular Dysrhythmias after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: F. H. N. Spracklen, E. M. M. Besterman, M. S. Everest, J. W. Litchfield, M. Petrie
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Serious ventricular dysrhythmias occurred in hospital after discharge from a coronary intensive care unit in 11 out of 142 patients with myocardial infarction. Previous rhythm changes, hypotension, and left ventricular failure were common findings; only one of these patients had an uneventful previous course. Four patients were resuscitated and left hospital; six were resuscitated but died at varying periods up to eight days after the event; one patient could not be resuscitated. Recent coronary occlusion or further myocardial infarction was demonstrated in 7 of these 11 patients and presumably accounted for the dysrhythmia.
Editors call for responsibility in publishing "dangerous" research
Authors: T. Radford
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Thirty two of the world's leading journal editors and scientific authors have called for vigilance and personal responsibility among their ranks whenever potentially “dangerous” research is presented for publication ( Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2003;100:1464).

At the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver, Colorado, they released a statement, resulting from a workshop sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences and the Centre for Security and International Studies in January, on the question of publishing potentially sensitive, peer reviewed research. The …