tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pain and Analgesia: The Outlook for More Rational Treatment
Authors: JON LEVINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Recent advances have been made in research on the physiology of pain, especially that focusing on the primary afferent nociceptor and endogenous analgesia systems. These advances have shed new light on the mechanisms of action of some long-used methods of managing pain, have led to the development of several methods, and have suggested new lines of investigation that may lead to more rational treatment of pain. The earlier that we can intervene in the pain-transmission pathways, the more likely we are to produce adequate and lasting control of pain. The peripheral nervous system is an important target for this therapeutic approach. The elucidation of the central neural pathways, which contain endogenous opioids and mediate the analgesia elicited by opiates, has raised the possibility of more rational use of this class of analgesics. The rationale for the use of current therapies needs to be reexamined in light of these new findings, and both current and new methods need to be tested in controlled trials.
Use of Alendronate After 5 Years of Treatment
Authors: Susan M. Ott
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nasal lavage cytokines in normal, allergic, and asthmatic school-age children.
Authors: T L Noah, F W Henderson, M M Henry, D B Peden, R B Devlin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Inflammation can be demonstrated in the airway mucosa of asthmatics, even in the absence of overt symptoms, but the pathogenesis of this chronic inflammation is incompletely defined. It has been suggested that inflammatory cytokines produced by epithelium may play important roles in this process. Therefore, we measured the cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in nasal lavage fluids from school-age children who were (1) "normal" (nonallergic/nonasthmatic), (2) allergic to house-dust mite antigen but nonasthmatic (no history of wheezing), or (3) allergic and asthmatic (history of > or = 10 wheezing episodes). Children underwent a single nasal lavage procedure while asymptomatic and on no anti-inflammatory medications or anti-histamines. In addition to cytokine concentrations, cell counts, differentials, albumin, histamine, and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentrations were determined in nasal lavage fluids. Significant increases in IL-8 and ECP were observed in asthmatics compared with both normals and allergic nonasthmatics. Overall, IL-8 in nasal lavage fluids correlated significantly with ECP. Allergic nonasthmatics did not have significant increases in cytokines or other mediators compared with normal subjects. Concentrations of IL-6 did not differ significantly among the three groups, and GM-CSF was undetectable in all samples tested. We conclude that increased IL-8 production and eosinophil activation are characteristic of the airways of asthmatic children when asymptomatic, and we speculate that IL-8 plays a role in the maintenance of airway inflammation in asthma.
Proteomics identifies enhanced expression of stefin A in neonatal murine skin compared with adults: functional implications
Authors: D.K. Scott, R. Lord, H.K. Muller, R.C. Malley, G.M. Woods
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Summary Background Skin develops through a process of epidermal proliferation, maturation, and remodelling of the epidermis and dermis. This period also involves the maturation of the skin immune system, such that antigen applied though the skin of a neonatal mouse always results in immunosuppression, whereas in adults, immunity will occur. Objectives Using proteomics, to identify proteins uniquely involved in the development of the skin and skin immune system. Methods Proteins were extracted from whole skin of mice aged 4 and 21 days, and separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Results Of the 25 proteins that were sequenced by peptide mass fingerprinting with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight–mass spectrometry, three were known markers of keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. These were cyclophilin A, epidermal fatty acid binding protein 5 and stefin A. Of interest were the two isoforms of stefin A, an intracellular protease inhibitor, found in neonatal skin. The strong expression of stefin A in neonates was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis, suggesting an important role in the development of the epidermis. Additionally, Western blotting identified two larger isoforms in adult skin, revealing a change in the stefin A during development. Conclusions We propose that stefin A is involved in development of the skin, that development of the skin and of immune function is linked, and that stefin A has an important function in neonatal skin and potentially the neonatal immune response.
Further Studies on the Transmission of Staph. Aureus
Authors: R. Hare, M. Ridley
Journal: BMJ (1958)

BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS BRmSH69 MEDICAL JOURNAof patients died from complications of endocarditis at about the time of completion of a six-weeks course of antibiotics adjudged to be curative, and, although no detailed study was made at necropsy concerning the viability of the bacterial colonies seen, their appearance gave no grounds for hope that, in these cases, several weeks less of treatment would have sufficed.In addition a case has already been
Integrin αvβ6 Promotes an Osteolytic Program in Cancer Cells by Upregulating MMP2
Authors: Anindita Dutta, Jing Li, Huimin Lu, Jacqueline Akech, Jitesh Pratap, Tao Wang, Brad J. Zerlanko, Thomas J. FitzGerald, Zhong Jiang, Ruth Birbe, John Wixted, Shelia M. Violette, Janet L. Stein, Gary S. Stein, Jane B. Lian, Lucia R. Languino
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The molecular circuitries controlling osseous prostate metastasis are known to depend on the activity of multiple pathways, including integrin signaling. Here, we demonstrate that the αvβ6 integrin is upregulated in human prostate cancer bone metastasis. In prostate cancer cells, this integrin is a functionally active receptor for fibronectin and latency-associated peptide-TGF-β1; it mediates attachment and migration upon ligand binding and is localized in focal contacts. Given the propensity of prostate cancer cells to form bone metastatic lesions, we investigated whether the αvβ6 integrin promotes this type of metastasis. We show for the first time that αvβ6 selectively induces matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) in vitro in multiple prostate cancer cells and promotes osteolysis in vivo in an immunodeficient mouse model of bone metastasis through upregulation of MMP2, but not MMP9. The effect of αvβ6 on MMP2 expression and activity is independent of androgen receptor in the analyzed prostate cancer cells. Increased levels of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), known to induce osteoclastogenesis, were also observed in αvβ6-expressing cells. However, by using MMP2 short hairpin RNA, we demonstrate that the αvβ6 effect on bone loss is due to upregulation of soluble MMP2 by the cancer cells, not due to changes in tumor growth rate. Another related αv-containing integrin, αvβ5, fails to show similar responses, underscoring the significance of αvβ6 activity. Overall, these mechanistic studies establish that expression of a single integrin, αvβ6, contributes to the cancer cell-mediated program of osteolysis by inducing matrix degradation through MMP2. Our results open new prospects for molecular therapy for metastatic bone disease.
Studying ancient DNA
Authors: M Spigelman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Fred B Charatan reports that research on a Peruvian mummy shows that tuberculosis was present centuries before Columbus discovered the New World.1 This confirms the research that I and Lemma did in a joint study between University College London's Institute of Archaeology and the medical schools' department of medical microbiology; this work has been published2 and was mentioned at the second international congress on ancient DNA in Washington last October. We have extracted and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, using the insertion sequence primers specific …
The semeiology of arthritis: discriminating between patients on the basis of their symptoms.
Authors: P S Helliwell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To examine the intended meaning of words used by patients to describe arthritic symptoms, and to distinguish between different patient groups on the basis of these words.A Joint Symptom Questionnaire, developed to resemble the McGill Pain Questionnaire, was given to health professionals (n = 50) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 100), fibromyalgia (FM) (n = 50), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (n = 50), and osteoarthritis (OA) (n = 50). Respondents were invited to define each word by selecting an appropriate heading. Comparison of patient groups was based on the selection of words they chose to describe their joint symptoms.Between health professionals and patients there were no semantic differences in the words given. Patients with FM chose more words to describe their symptoms than the other patient groups (RA median nine words; AS nine words; OA 10 words; FM 12 words). Using receiver operating characteristic curves, a clear distinction between patients with RA, FM, and AS was found, but patients with RA were not readily separated from patients with OA.There appears to be no semeiological confusion between health professionals and patients regarding arthritic symptoms. However, the spectrum of words chosen by patients to describe the feelings in their joints permits a separation between patients with RA, AS, and FM. Using this questionnaire, patients with RA and OA are symptomatically similar.
Abstract 4904: Acetaminophen enhances the chemotherapeutic effect of cisplatin and paclitaxel on human ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro
Authors: Jeffrey J. Wu, Alexander J. Neuwelt, Leslie L. Muldoon, Edward A. Neuwelt
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Chemoresistance is commonly found in treating cancer patients. Acetaminophen enhances the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in human liver cancer cells by depleting glutathione and increasing production of toxic metabolites in vitro. The objective of this study was to investigate potential molecular mechanisms for chemoenhancement in non-hepatic cells. Human ovarian carcinoma SKOV3 cells were treated with cisplatin or paclitaxel with or without acetaminophen in vitro. Cellular mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species concentration was measured by using JC-1 and DHR123 stain, respectively. Cellular platinum level was analyzed using ICP-MS. Apoptosis and signaling pathways were examined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analyses. A 2 h incubation with acetaminophen (10 mM) decreased cellular glutathione levels and increased mitochondrial membrane potential without affecting reactive oxygen species. Overnight acetaminophen treatment increased reactive oxygen species and enhanced both cisplatin- and paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. In contrast, the combination of acetaminophen with cisplatin but not paclitaxel blocked nuclear translocation of nrf2, a transcription factor that has been implicated in regulation of the antioxidant response. Pretreatment with acetaminophen for 2 h did not affect cellular platinum uptake when compared to cisplatin alone. Regardless of different oxidative stress pathways involved between cisplatin and paclitaxel, the addition of acetaminophen enhanced the cytotoxic effects of both chemotherapeutic drugs in human ovarian carcinoma cells. Our results suggest that acetaminophen could be used as a chemoenhancing adjuvant for conventional chemotherapy drugs in treating ovarian and other malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4904. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4904
The vectorcardiogram in right bundle branch block: correlation with cardiac failure and pulmonary disease.
Authors: J M Fedor, A Walston, G S Wagner, J Starr
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Frank vectorcardiograms (VCG) and clinical records of 243 patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB) were compared. The patients were classified into three categories on the basis of VCG criteria. The first category included 100 patients with a normal frontal axis, and the second category included 44 patients with concomitant left anterior hemiblock. The third category consisted of 99 patients with RBBB and myocardial infarction. The VCGs were classified into three types accoriding to the QRS configuration in the transverse plane. In type I the initial forces were anterior and counterclockwise and the afferent limb crossed the midline posterior to E point; in type II the initial forces were anterior and counterclockwise and the afferent limb crossed the midline posterior to E point; in type II the initial forces were anterior and counterclockwise and the afferent limb crossed the midline anterior to or through E point; and in type III the entire transverse loop was clockwise and anterior to E point. The patients were further classified according to the presence or absence of cardic failure or severe pulmonary disease. In patients with RBBB and a normal axis, cardiac failure or severe pulmonary disease was found in five of 49 patients wtih type I, 17 of 31 with type II, and 18 of 20 with type III pattern. In patients with RBBB and left anterior hemiblock, significant disease was found in one of 17 with type I, five of 16 with type II, and eight of 11 with type III pattern. These data show that, in patients with RBBB, the position of the afferent limb in the transverse plane can be used to predict cardiac failure or severe pulmonary disease.
Prevalence of the G1691A mutation in the factor V gene (factor V Leiden) and the G20210A prothrombin gene mutation in the Thai population
Authors: Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Sarinee Pingsuthiwong, Katcharin Aryuchai, Manisa Busabaratana, Thanyachai Sura, Vichai Atichartakarn, Piyamitr Sritara
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

We investigated the prevalence of a genetic variation in the factor V gene (G1691A Leiden mutation) and the prothrombin gene (G20210A) using polymerase chain reaction techniques in samples from 500 normal Thai population and among 50 unselected Thai patients with an objectively confirmed history of deep venous thrombosis. The prevalence of factor V Leiden and the prothrombin G20210A gene mutation in a group of 500 healthy controls was 0.2% in both groups (allele frequency of 0.1%). Of the 50 adult patients studied, none was a carrier of factor V Leiden or the prothrombin G20210A gene mutation. Our findings confirm that the prevalence of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A gene mutation is lower among Asians than Caucasians and that the distribution of factor V Leiden is similar to that of the prothrombin G20210A variant. The low prevalence of these two mutations can, at least in part, account for the lower frequency of deep venous thrombosis reported in the Thai population. Screening for factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutation is of limited benefit and may not be cost-effective in Thai patients with the first episode of deep venous thrombosis. Am. J. Hematol. 65:119–122, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous Intraperitoneal Haemorrhage due to Haemangioma of Liver
Authors: K. P. S. Caldwell
Journal: BMJ (1950)

MEDICA,L JOURNALL indications of what was regarded as residual inflammatory infiltration of the infected meninges* ; that is, the left arm and leg were still somewhat spastic and, when excited, the child's eyes turned strongly to the left.On the sixteenith day the cerebrospinal fluid was found clear and sterile on culture.After three weeks the left arm and leg were being moved freely, and the deviation of the eyes had ceased.Movements of the left arm and leg became more frequent, and by the twentysecond day movements of the limbs appeared normal with the exception of slight spasticity of the left hand.By the end of the fourth week the spasticity of the left hand had disappeared and recovery was apparently complete.
The Proper and Improper Concerns of Medical Law and Ethics
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

On my return from a sabbatical year in the proper and orderly Swiss canton of Geneva, I find American physicians as beleaguered as ever with problems in law and ethics. The malpractice crisis seems unabated. Physicians whom I have met express to me their resentment at the continuing and deepening incursions of ethical and legal decision making into traditional areas of clinical medicine.The Karen Ann Quinlan case occurred during my sabbatical. A major part of the decision of the highest court of New Jersey, unexpected by ethicists with whom I talked, would allow some medical decisions to end efforts . . .
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling activates pericyte–myofibroblast transition in obstructive and post-ischemic kidney fibrosis
Authors: Yi-Ting Chen, Fan-Chi Chang, Ching-Fang Wu, Yu-Hsiang Chou, Huan-Lun Hsu, Wen-Chih Chiang, Juqun Shen, Yung-Ming Chen, Kwan-Dun Wu, Tun-Jun Tsai, Jeremy S. Duffield, Shuei-Liong Lin
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
US Supreme Court will hear challenge to Obamacare subsidies
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In a surprising ruling, the US Supreme Court announced on Friday 7 November that it would hear a lawsuit filed by opponents of the Affordable Care Act that attacks a key element of the 2010 health reform law.

If successful the lawsuit would gut the law by blocking about $36bn (£22.6bn; €28.8bn) in subsidies to 7.3 million low income people who are projected to purchase health insurance on exchanges run by the federal government by 2016.1 2 In the King v Burwell lawsuit the plaintiffs note that the law authorizes the Internal Revenue Service to provide subsidies for plans that are “enrolled in through an exchange established by the state” but that it makes no mention of exchanges run by the federal government.

When the law was passed it was generally assumed that each state would set up its own exchange. However, about three dozen states …
Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders Among Seriously Injured Trauma Center Patients
Authors: Carl A. Soderstrom
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the prevalence of psychoactive substance use disorders (PSUDs) among a large, unselected group of seriously injured trauma center patients, using a standardized diagnostic interview and criteria. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prevalence study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A level I regional trauma center. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Trauma center patients fulfilling the following criteria were eligible subjects: aged 18 years or older, admission from injury scene, length of stay of 2 days or longer, and intact cognition. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —The PSUDs were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) for the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition (DSM-III-R)</i>and were categorized as abuse or dependence and past or current (within past 6 months). The SCID results were analyzed with respect to demographic factors, injury type, and blood alcohol concentration and urine toxicology results, using ϰ<sup>2</sup>and logistic regression techniques. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of the 1220 patients approached for study, 1118 (91.6%) consented. More than half (54.2%) had a diagnosis of a PSUD in their lifetime. Approximately 90% of alcohol and other drug use diagnoses were for dependence and more than 62% were current. Overall, 24.1% of patients were currently alcohol dependent (men, 27.7%; women, 14.7%;<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and 17.7% were currently dependent on other drugs (men, 20.2%; women, 11.2%;<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Current alcohol dependence rates were not associated with race; rates of dependence on other drugs were higher among nonwhites and victims classified with intentional injuries. While 54.3% of blood alcohol—positive patients were currently alcohol dependent and 38.7% of patients with positive urine screening test results for drugs other than alcohol and nicotine were currently drug dependent, 11.7% of blood alcohol—negative and 3.9% of drug-negative patients, respectively, had current diagnoses of dependence on psychoactive substances. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A high percentage of seriously injured trauma center patients are at risk of having current PSUDs. Patients with positive toxicology screening test results and/or positive screening questionnaire responses should be referred for formal evaluation and treatment.
Surgical Treatment of Impotence.
Authors: Evert E. Tracy
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Chicago, Oct. 9, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In yourJournalof Oct. 9, 1897, you published an article by J. A. Murray, M.D., entitled "Ligation of the Dorsal Vein of the Penis for Functional Impotence With Report of five Cases." In this article the Doctor states that he has seen no litera ture on the subject, but further says that he does not claim priority of discovery for the operation. The first case reported advocating this operation was by Dr. Waugh formerly of Philadelphia, and now of this city, in the<i>Southern Clinic</i>, 1893, Vol. xvi. In 1893 I did the operation for the first time after having seen Dr. Waugh's article, and have since then performed it twice. In all three cases I had good results.