tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A stable nitroxide radical effectively decreases mucosal damage in experimental colitis.
Authors: F Karmeli, R Eliakim, E Okon, A Samuni, D Rachmilewitz
Journal: Gut (1995)

TEMPOL, a cyclic nitroxide stable radical blocks biological damage by breaking chain reactions through termination reaction with free radicals, and by inhibiting the catalytic effect of transition metals. This study tested its protective effect on two models of experimental colitis as free radicals play an important part in their pathogenesis. TEMPOL was given intragastrically immediately after induction of colitis with acetic acid or trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNB) and mucosal damage was assessed one, three, or seven days later. Cellular partition of TEMPOL was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In vitro experiments showed that TEMPOL immediately penetrates colonic mucosa and, following its intragastric administration, it persists in both gastric and colonic mucosa for several hours. Intragastric administration of TEMPOL, 0.5 g/kg/bw, immediately after intracaecal administration of 5% acetic acid significantly decreased mucosal lesion area, myeloperoxidase activity, and leukotriene B4 and C4 generation when assessed 24 hours after damage induction. Intragastric administration of TEMPOL, 0.5 g/kg/bw, immediately after intracolonic administration of 30 mg TNB in 0.25 ml 50% ethanol, and once daily thereafter, significantly decreased mucosal lesion area assessed after one, three, and seven days, having no effect on LTC4 generation and affecting colonic weight, myeloperoxidase activity, and LTB4 generation only sporadically. In conclusion, TNB and acetic acid induced colitis can be pharmacologically manipulated by TEMPOL. TEMPOL may be beneficial in the treatment or prevention of inflammatory bowel disease.
Association of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 promoter polymorphisms with clinical subsets of Norwegian primary sclerosing cholangitis patients
Authors: Kristine Wiencke, Andrew Sverre Louka, Anne Spurkland, Morten Vatn, None the IBSEN study group, Erik Schrumpf, Kirsten Muri Boberg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Experimental Graft Coronary Artery Disease in a Murine Heterotopic Cardiac Transplant Model
Authors: Toshiro Hirozane, Akira Matsumori, Yutaka Furukawa, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The development of immunosuppressive therapy has brought about a remarkable decrease in the risk of acute cardiac allograft rejection; however, the major cause of patient death or retransplantation after the first postoperative year is coronary artery disease (CAD) in the graft. The pathogenesis and management of CAD are still not clearly established. Methods and Results To make an animal model of CAD, we performed primary vascularized heterotopic cardiac transplantation using mice. Inbred strains, sharing major histocompatibility antigens but differing in minor antigens, were selected. DBA/2 mice (H-2 d ) served as donors and B10.D2 mice (H-2 d ) as recipients. Viability of the cardiac grafts was assessed by abdominal palpation. Eight of twelve cardiac allografts (67%) survived for 10 weeks after operation without any immunosuppressive therapy. Allografts rejected within 4 weeks showed acute rejection histologically, whereas allografts surviving more than 4 weeks displayed intimal hyperplasia in the coronary arteries, together with interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. The severity of intimal thickening in the graft coronary artery was then assessed by point counting. In allografts surviving for 70 days, intima comprised approximately 42% of the graft arterial wall, whereas in DBA/2 and B10.D2 syngeneic grafts, it comprised approximately 13%. A significant difference in percentage was observed between the intima area of allografts and that of syngrafts ( P &lt;.01, ANOVA). Long-term oral administration of cyclosporine at a dose of 40 mg/kg per day decreased the intima area to 34% ( P &lt;.05 versus nontreated allografts, ANOVA); however, this dose did not affect the incidence of arterial lesions. Conclusions The histopathological features of DBA/2 allografts surviving for 10 weeks in B10.D2 recipient mice mimicked those in human CAD. Using this animal model, the beneficial effect of low-dose cyclosporine therapy on CAD was demonstrated, although this effect seemed to be limited. This DBA/2-B10.D2 mouse heterotopic cardiac transplant model provides valuable results for future studies of the disease.
Simple tests for septic bursitis: comparative study
Authors: I M Stell, W R Gransden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Simple tests for septic bursitis: comparative study Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Eusol: the continuing controversy.
Authors: M. S. Coady
Journal: BMJ (1992)

fore based on self reports and hearsay.People may have many reasons for informing the police, correctly or incorrectly, about their own or others' HIV status, Such data are inaccurate: there is no justification for using them either in relation to individual HIV status or to population prevalences.Our investigations into the prevalence of HIV 1 infection among prostitutes throughout London over the past six years have included street based interviews and HIV testing with the consent of participants.We have found much lower preva- lences of HIV infection than those quoted by the police.7 Unfortunately, such research does not have the same impact on the press as police reports confirming prejudiced views of prostitutes as the major reservoir of venereal disease.Reports of the prevalence of HIV infection in tabloid newspapers clearly do not have the same rigorous peer review as your own journal, but they may have a greater impact on the lives of those concerned.Prostitutes suspected of being infected with HIV have been the target of violence and abuse.
Cryoanalgesia to relieve pain in diastasis of the symphysis pubis during pregnancy.
Authors: C J Glynn, L E Carrie
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Group 1 Group 2 Controls No of subjects 8 14 24 Age (years) 61 (41-84) 44 (27-69) 36 (24-60) Years since surgery 4 (2-8) 5 (1-8) Calcium (mmol/l) 2-40 (2 36-2-51) 2-45 (2-35-2-56) 2 40 (2 20-2 60)Phosphate (mmol/l) 0-97 (0-86-1-41)1-02 (0-67-1-46) 0-98 (0-70-1-25) Alkaline phosphatase (IU/l) 99 (57-127) 70 (49-142) 85 (35-130) Vitamin D (nmol/l)l 5 61t (5-0-18-1) 16.2* (5-0-43 8) 38-0 (12 7-59-5) Parathyroid hormone (pmol/l)+ 52 (34-68) 53 (25-82) 54 (23-85)Compared with controls: p < 0 001.tCompared with group 2: p < 005.*Lower limit for serum concentrations of vitamin D 15 nmol/l (6-0 ng/ml).Normal range for parathyroid hormone 20-85 pmol/l (2-0-8-5 pg/ml).
Comparison of IgE reactivity of recombinant and natural pen a 1 by RAST and mediator release*1
Authors: J.F. Villacis, N. Lehrer, L. Vogel, S. Schicktanz, S. Randow, G. Reese, J.M. El-Dahr, S. Vieths, S.B. Lehrer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Barts, the general, and the fat controller
Authors: C. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Background</h3> Syphilis is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) among men who have sex with men (MSM). Increasing syphilis testing is important to syphilis control. However, in low- and middle-income countries like China, syphilis testing rates remain low among MSM. We describe a randomized controlled trial protocol to examine the effectiveness of social network distribution approaches of syphilis self-testing among MSM in China. <h3>Methods</h3> We will recruit index and alter MSM. Indexes will be eligible if they: are born biologically male; aged 18 years or above; ever had sex with another man; are willing to distribute syphilis testing packages or referral links to their alters; and willing to provide personal contact information for future follow-up. Three hundred MSM will be recruited and randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio into three arms: standard of care (control arm); standard syphilis self-testing (SST) delivery arm; and referral link SST delivery arm. Indexes will distribute SST packages or referral links to encourage alters to receive syphilis testing. All indexes will complete a baseline survey and a 3-month follow-up survey. Syphilis self-test results will be determined by photo verification via a digital platform. The primary outcome is the mean number of alters who returned verified syphilis testing results per index in each arm. <h3>Discussion</h3> The trial findings will provide practical implications in strengthening syphilis self-testing distribution and increasing syphilis testing uptake among MSM in China. This study also empowers MSM community in expanding syphilis testing by using their own social network.
Homoarginine Levels Are Regulated by <scp>l</scp> -Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase and Affect Stroke Outcome
Authors: Chi-un Choe, Dorothee Atzler, Philipp S. Wild, Angela M. Carter, Rainer H. Böger, Francisco Ojeda, Olga Simova, Malte Stockebrand, Karl Lackner, Christine Nabuurs, Bart Marescau, Thomas Streichert, Christian Müller, Nicole Lüneburg, Peter P. De Deyn, Ralf A. Benndorf, Stephan Baldus, Christian Gerloff, Stefan Blankenberg, Arend Heerschap, Peter J. Grant, Tim Magnus, Tanja Zeller, Dirk Isbrandt, Edzard Schwedhelm
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Endogenous arginine homologues, including homoarginine, have been identified as novel biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and outcomes. Our studies of human cohorts and a confirmatory murine model associated the arginine homologue homoarginine and its metabolism with stroke pathology and outcome. Methods and Results— Increasing homoarginine levels were independently associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality in patients with ischemic stroke (7.4 years of follow-up; hazard ratio for 1-SD homoarginine, 0.79 [95% confidence interval, 0.64–0.96]; P =0.019; n=389). Homoarginine was also independently associated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale+age score and 30-day mortality after ischemic stroke ( P &lt;0.05; n=137). A genome-wide association study revealed that plasma homoarginine was strongly associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the l -arginine:glycine amidinotransferase ( AGAT ) gene ( P &lt;2.1×10 −8 ; n=2806), and increased AGAT expression in a cell model was associated with increased homoarginine. Next, we used 2 genetic murine models to investigate the link between plasma homoarginine and outcome after experimental ischemic stroke: (1) an AGAT deletion (AGAT −/− ) and (2) a guanidinoacetate N -methyltransferase deletion (GAMT −/− ) causing AGAT upregulation. As suggested by the genome-wide association study, homoarginine was absent in AGAT −/− mice and increased in GAMT −/− mice. Cerebral damage and neurological deficits in experimental stroke were increased in AGAT −/− mice and attenuated by homoarginine supplementation, whereas infarct size in GAMT −/− mice was decreased compared with controls. Conclusions— Low homoarginine appears to be related to poor outcome after ischemic stroke. Further validation in future trials may lead to therapeutic adjustments of homoarginine metabolism that alleviate stroke and other vascular disorders.
Neutral endopeptidase and kininase II mediate glucocorticoid inhibition of neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea.
Authors: G Piedimonte, D M McDonald, J A Nadel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Glucocorticoids inhibit plasma extravasation induced in the rat tracheal mucosa by substance P and other tachykinins released from sensory nerves. This study was performed to determine whether this antiinflammatory effect of glucocorticoids is mediated by the tachykinin-degrading enzymes neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and kininase II (angiotensin converting enzyme, ACE). In addition, we studied the effect of dexamethasone on a nonpeptide inflammatory mediator, platelet-activating factor (PAF), which is not degraded by NEP or ACE. Adult male pathogen-free F344 rats were treated for 2 d with dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg per d i.p.), or with the vehicle used to dissolve the steroid. The magnitude of plasma extravasation produced by an intravenous injection of substance P (5 micrograms/kg) or PAF (10 micrograms/kg) was then assessed by using Monastral blue pigment as an intravascular tracer. The role of NEP and ACE activities in the changes produced by dexamethasone was investigated by examining the effect of the selective inhibitors of these enzymes, phosphoramidon and captopril. Dexamethasone reduced the substance P-induced extravasation by 57% but did not affect the PAF-induced extravasation. The suppressive effect of dexamethasone on substance P-induced extravasation was completely reversed by simultaneously inhibiting NEP and ACE activities, but the inhibition of these enzymes had no effect on PAF-induced extravasation, regardless of whether the rats were pretreated with dexamethasone or not. These results suggest that NEP and ACE mediate a selective inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on neurogenic plasma extravasation.
Inquiry into Mid-Staffordshire trust will look into "uncomfortable and difficult" issues
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The chairman of the independent inquiry commissioned by the UK government to look into the care provided by Mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust pledged this week that he would not shy away from examining “uncomfortable and difficult” issues. Robert Francis QC said that the inquiry would “ensure that all lessons from this period are learnt.”

He has been appointed to look into how a situation that has been called the worst NHS scandal since Labour came to power in 1997 was allowed to develop and to make recommendations to prevent a recurrence.

But Peter Walsh, chief executive of the patients’ charity Action Against Medical Accidents, said that …
Sydney could ask tourists for health insurance
Authors: C Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Tourists coming to Sydney for the Olympic games in 2000 could be asked to pay a fee for health insurance before being allowed into Australia. A report from the Health Services Association of New South Wales, which represents public hospitals and health service staff, says that visitors are putting too much stress on city hospitals.

* Emergency services in Australia could start asking tourists to pay for their care

(Fig Omitted)

Legal and illegal visitors have …
Alopecia areata responding to immunoglobulin, with varying response to different preparations
Authors: L.S. Ostlere, D.W.S. Harris, M. Wood, M.H.A. Rustin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Alopecia areata responding to immunoglobulin, with varying response to different preparations Get access L.S. Ostlere, L.S. Ostlere Department of Dermatology, The Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.W.S. Harris, D.W.S. Harris Department of Dermatology, The Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Wood, M. Wood Department of Haematology, The Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.H.A. Rustin M.H.A. Rustin Department of Dermatology, The Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 131, Issue 5, 1 November 1994, Pages 735–736, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04996.x Published: 01 November 1994
Recent advances in measuring exhaled breath and estimating exposure and body burden for volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Authors: L A Wallace, E D Pellizzari
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

An improved portable breath measurement method has been developed that allows 1-min sampling times. The equipment has been successfully tested in field and chamber studies. Results of these studies suggest that breath levels following known exposures are predictable and reproducible across a small number of volunteers. The residence times in the body and the distribution in body compartments of several common air toxics have been determined. A simple four-compartment linear model is capable of fitting the observed data. The main parameters of the model include the fraction f of the parent compound exhaled under steady-state conditions and the residence times tau i, in the tau ith compartment. The values of these parameters for several VOCs and for the four body compartments (blood, vessel-rich tissues, vessel-poor tissues, and fat) are provided.
Natural course of knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged subjects with knee pain: 12-year follow-up using clinical and radiographic criteria
Authors: C A Thorstensson, M L E Andersson, H Jonsson, T Saxne, I F Petersson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To explore the natural course of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a middle-aged population with chronic knee pain. <h3>Methods:</h3> A population-based sample of 143 subjects (mean age 45 (range 35–54), 44% women) with knee pain (&gt;3 months) at inclusion was studied. Weight-bearing posteroanterior tibiofemoral (TF) radiographs were obtained at baseline and 12 years later, and classified according to Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L). Patellofemoral (PF) OA was determined at 5- and 12-years' follow-up using a skyline view and a cut-off point of &lt;5 mm joint space width. The ACR clinical criteria were used at baseline. <h3>Results:</h3> Seventy-six (53%) had no TF OA (K/L 0) at baseline, but 49 had clinical OA. Overall, 65/76 (86%) developed incident TF OA over 12 years (K/L ⩾1): 44/49 (90%) of the subjects with clinical OA and 21/27 (78%) without clinical OA. Progression was found in 65/67 (97%) with TF OA at baseline. Of the 84 with no PF OA at the 5-year examination, 26 (31%) developed PF OA over 7 years. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> A majority of the subjects with chronic knee pain developed knee OA over 12 years. It is concluded that knee pain is often the first sign of knee OA.
Antilymphoblast Globulin in Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: William J. Martin, Malcolm Blumenthal, Beatrice Roitman, Richard Condie, Richard Simmons, John Najarian
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The incidence and type of allergic reactions to antilymphoblast globulin (ALG) and their relationship to skin testing, histamine release, and serum levels of ALG and anti-ALG antibodies were studied prospectively in 50 patients receiving high-dose ALG therapy intravenously for the first two weeks after renal transplantation. No clinically apparent allergic reactions occurred in the patients studied.  (JAMA236:1729-1731, 1976)
Role of Kupffer cells in gut ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction in mice
Authors: Y Horie, R Wolf, J Russell, T P Shanley, D N Granger
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Kupffer cells (KCs) have been implicated in the leukocyte recruitment and microvascular dysfunction associated with liver inflammation. The overall objective of this study was to assess the role of KCs in the leukocyte adhesion and oxidative stress elicited in the liver by gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The accumulation of rhodamine-6G-labeled leukocytes and the number of nonperfused sinusoids (NPS) were monitored (by intravital microscopy) in mouse liver for 1 hour after a 15-minute period of normothermic intestinal ischemia. Autofluorescence of pyridine nucleotide [NAD(P)H] was measured as an index of mitochondrial O 2 consumption and redox status. Leukostasis, as well as increases in NPS and NAD(P)H autofluorescence (indicating hypoxia), were observed in the liver at 60 minutes after gut I/R. Pretreatment with gadolinium chloride (GdCl 3 ), which reduces KC function, attenuated the liver leukostasis and NPS elicited by gut I/R. The platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist, WEB2086, and a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-specific antibody were also effective in attenuating the gut I/R-induced leukostasis and NAD(P)H autofluorescence. The findings of this study suggest that KCs play an important role in mediating the leukocyte recruitment, impaired sinusoidal perfusion, and tissue hypoxia elicited in the liver after gut I/R. These KC-mediated responses appear to involve the participation of both PAF and TNF-α.
South Asians are least likely of gay British men to have HIV, survey shows
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Deducing genes capable of classifying biologically-distinct psychiatric subtypes, and their targets for treatment, is a priority approach in psychiatry. <i>FKBP5</i> is one such gene with strong evidence of utility to delineate a trans-diagnostic psychiatric subtype. Yet how brain-expressed <i>FKBP5</i> is affected in psychiatric disorders in humans is not fully understood and critical for propelling <i>FKBP5</i>-targeting treatment development. We performed a large-scale postmortem study (n=895) of <i>FKBP5</i> using dorsolateral prefrontal cortex samples derived from individuals with severe psychiatric disorders with a comprehensive battery of bulk/single-cell omics and histological analyses. We observed consistently heightened <i>FKBP5</i> mRNA and protein in psychopathology, moderated by genotype and age, and accompanied by DNA methylation changes in key enhancers. These effects were most prominent in superficial-layer pyramidal cells. Heightened <i>FKBP5</i> was also differentially associated with downstream pathways according to age, being specifically associated with synaptic transmission in early adulthood, and neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in later life.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels, Oman, 2013
Authors: N Nowotny, J Kolodziejek
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

A countrywide survey in Oman revealed Middle Eastrespiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) nucleicacid in five of 76 dromedary camels. Camel-derivedMERS-CoV sequences (3,754 nucleotides assembled from partial sequences of the open reading frame (ORF)1a, spike, and ORF4b genes) from Oman and Qatar were slightly different from each other, but closely related to human MERS-CoV sequences from the same geographical areas, suggesting local zoonotic transmission. High viral loads in nasal and conjunctival swabs suggest possible transmission by the respiratory route.
Pathologist complains to BBC and Ofcom about her portrayal in television drama
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Waney Squier, a consultant paediatric neuropathologist seen as being in the “sceptic” camp on shaken baby syndrome, has filed complaints with the British Broadcasting Corporation and the UK media regulator Ofcom over the portrayal of a rogue pathologist in a television drama series that she says has damaged her reputation.

Squier believes that the fictional paediatric neuropathologist Helen Karamides in a two part episode of Silent Witness broadcast in April is based on her. Karamides, a sceptic about shaken baby syndrome, is portrayed as a doctor who makes wrong diagnoses, retains children’s brains for her own research, is …