tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P197: Feasibility of Prehospital Pediatric King Laryngeal Tube Use
Authors: Seth Ritter, John S Cole, Francis Guyette
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction- Prehospital endotracheal intubation (ETI) may lead to a worse outcome for pediatric patients. We evaluated prehospital use of the pediatric King laryngeal tube (KLT) as an alternative to ETI. Hypothesis - Prehospital providers can successfully place the KLT and ventilate a pediatric simulator in respiratory arrest. Methods - We studied the ability of forty-five (45) paramedics and flight nurses to place the pediatric KLT in a SimBaby manikin. We limited pediatric KLT training to selection of the correct size as the participants already had initial training and experience with the adult KLT. Outcomes included the rate of successful pediatric KLT placement, number of attempts to correctly place the KLT, and time to first ventilation. Subjects were evaluated on airway management using an 11-point skill test. Subjects indicated perceptions and preferences for the pediatric KLT using a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results - 96.5% (95%CI: 89.3–100) subjects successfully placed the pediatric KLT. Median number of attempts was one and mean time to placement was 34 seconds (95%CI: 26.4–67.3 sec). 90% of participants successfully completed the skill test and scored a mean score of 78.2% (95%CI: 73.6–82.7). Subjects strongly agreed (5, IQR: 4–5) that their previous training on the adult KLT and using it in the field adequately prepared them to use the pediatric KLT. Subjects agreed (4, IQR: 3–4) that the pediatric KLT was easier to place than a pediatric endotracheal tube; they strongly agreed (5, IQR: 5–5) that they would use the pediatric KLT as an alternative airway. Participants disagreed (2, IQR: 1–5) that they would prefer the pediatric KLT as a primary means of securing pediatric airways. Conclusions -The pediatric KLT was quickly and reliably placed. Providers perceived the pediatric KLT to be easier to use than pediatric ETI in this setting.
The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance
Authors: Laurence S. Sperling, Jeffrey I. Mechanick, Ian J. Neeland, Cynthia J. Herrick, Jean-Pierre Després, Chiadi E. Ndumele, Krishnaswami Vijayaraghavan, Yehuda Handelsman, Gary A. Puckrein, Maria Rosario G. Araneta, Quie K. Blum, Karen K. Collins, Stephen Cook, Nikhil V. Dhurandhar, Dave L. Dixon, Brent M. Egan, Daphne P. Ferdinand, Lawrence M. Herman, Scott E. Hessen, Terry A. Jacobson, Russell R. Pate, Robert E. Ratner, Eliot A. Brinton, Alan D. Forker, Laura L. Ritzenthaler, Scott M. Grundy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Discovery, synthesis and characterization of hexahydropyranoquinolines as a novel class of selective inhibitors of the mitotic kinesin Eg5.
Authors: Dirk Finsinger, Frank T. Zenke, Christiane Amendt, Kai Schiemann, Ulrich Emde, Thorsten Knöchel, Jörg Bomke, Johannes Gleitz, Claudia Wilm, Michael Meyring, Mathias Osswald, Jens-Oliver Funk
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5713 

The concept of mitotic inhibition regained special attention after identification of the mitotic kinesin Eg5, which was validated as a drugable target using a chemical genetics approach. Eg5 inhibitors target a core component of dividing cells but may have an improved side effect profile in comparison to drugs interfering with tubulin dynamics. Here, we disclose a novel and promising class of Eg5 inhibitors. A broad lead optimization program of the hexahydropyranoquinoline (HHPQ) class, identified by an HTS campaign, revealed potent and selective inhibitors of the mitotic ATPase Eg5. Those Eg5 inhibitors specifically and reversibly dock into an allosteric binding pocket unique to Eg5, which is proven by X-ray crystallography and Biacore® binding studies. Proliferation in multiple cancer cell lines (e.g., Colo205, HCT116, SW707, MDA-MB468) is potently inhibited due to profound mitotic arrest with subsequent apoptosis. In vivo studies in mouse xenograft models using i.p. as well as oral administration showed excellent efficacy including response of the mitosis-specific biomarker phospho-histone H3 within tumor biopsies. In a rat model for peripheral neuropathy HHPQ-based Eg5 inhibitors are superior over taxane-based treatments. We conclude that our novel HHPQ Eg5 inhibitors have excellent potential as efficacious agents in the field of anti-cancer therapies.
Serum Fluoride Level and Children's Intelligence Quotient in Two Villages in China
Authors: Quanyong Xiang, Youxin Liang, Bingheng Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

The paper entitled "Serum Fluoride Level and Children's Intelligence Quotient in Two Villages in China" by Xiang Quanyong et al, which was published online on 17 December 2010, has been withdrawn.
Abstract 10961: Factors Associated with Delays in Primary PCI and Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Activation for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarctions; A Report From the Activate-SF Registry
Authors: James M McCabe, Ehrin J Armstrong, Kurt S Hoffmayer, Prashant D Bhave, Sonia Garg, Ateet Patel, John C Stein, Scott Kinlay, Peter Ganz
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Context: There is increasing autonomy among emergency physicians diagnosing patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarctions (STEMIs). Little is known about the factors that influence the ...
The WHO collaborative study on strategies for extending mental health care, II: The development of new research methods
Authors: Harding Tw, Climent Ce, Diop M, Giel R, Ibrahim Hh, Murthy Rs, Suleiman Ma, Wig Nn
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Teams in seven developing countries under sponsorship of the World Health Organization have been carrying out collaborative operational research on providing mental health care through primary health care services. New techniques of identifying mental disorders in children and adults have been developed and tested. Methods of assessing the skills and attitudes of health workers toward mental health work and of gauging community attitudes toward mental illness have also been developed. Results have been directly applied in planning better mental health care. The authors conclude that cross-cultural collaborative research is effective in improving mental health care for those in greatest need.
Uptake of Colon Capsule Endoscopy vs Colonoscopy for Screening Relatives of Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zaida Adrián-de-Ganzo, Onofre Alarcón-Fernández, Laura Ramos, Antonio Gimeno-García, Inmaculada Alonso-Abreu, Marta Carrillo, Enrique Quintero
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Transplanting Hepatitis C–Positive Kidneys
Authors: Peter P. Reese, Peter L. Abt, Emily A. Blumberg, David S. Goldberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

New antiviral therapies for hepatitis C virus infection, with cure rates exceeding 95%, should prompt transplant-community leaders to view HCV-positive organs as a valuable opportunity for transplant candidates with or without preexisting HCV infection.
Introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination into national immunisation schedules in Europe: Results of the VENICE 2007 survey
Authors: L A King, D Lévy-Bruhl, D O'Flanagan, S Bacci, P L Lopalco, Y Kudjawu, S Salmaso, Collective VENICE country specific gate keepers and contact points
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

The European Union Member States are simultaneously considering introducing HPV vaccination into their national immunisation schedules. The Vaccine European New Integrated Collaboration Effort (VENICE) project aims to develop a collaborative European vaccination network. A survey was undertaken to describe the decision status and the decision-making process regarding the potential introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination into their national immunisation schedules. A web-based questionnaire was developed and completed online in 2007 by 28 countries participating in VENICE. As of 31 October 2007, five countries had decided to introduce HPV vaccination into the national immunisation schedule, while another seven had started the decision-making process with a recommendation favouring introduction. Varying target populations were selected by the five countries which had introduced the vaccination. Half of the surveyed countries had undertaken at least one ad hoc study to support the decision-making process. According to an update of the decision-status from January 2008, the number of countries which had made a decision or recommendation changed to 10 and 5 respectively. This survey demonstrates the rapidly evolving nature of HPV vaccine introduction in Europe and the existence of expertise and experience among EU Member States. The VENICE network is capable of following this process and supporting countries in making vaccine introduction decisions. A VENICE collaborative web-space is being developed as a European resource for the decision-making process for vaccine introduction.
The Citadel
Authors: Marcos Martinez Del Pero
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The Citadel is a semiautobiographical story about a young doctor and his journey through his medical career. A bestseller when it was first published in 1937, it was reprinted more than 12 times in its year of publication. As well as providing an insight into medicine at the time, it was influential in setting up and increasing public acceptance of the National Health Service in the years that followed.

The novel's protagonist is Andrew Manson, a young idealistic medical graduate who chooses to work in a Welsh mining town to pay off his medical school debts. The Citadel charts the progress of his personal and professional life, from the hardships of starting out and taking exams, to moving to a bureaucratic government job in London and then on to lucrative private practice. Material success leads to numerous problems for Dr Manson both at home and work, and the story ends with a dramatic turn of events.

The context in which it is written is particularly relevant in the current climate of reform in the NHS. It is set in the late 1920s and early 1930s when there were no specialists and practices varied greatly. It highlighted inequalities between public and private health care and shortfalls within the system. There were public hospitals, and the doctors who worked in them earned greater respect, but if patients could afford to they chose to be treated privately. The Citadel covers many issues that are still evolving today—for example, the use of the “scientific method” (evidence based medicine) in clinicians' practice and “compulsory postgraduate classes” (continuing professional development).

My grandmother (a retired paediatrician) gave me her copy of The Citadel when I graduated. I read it at two different stages in my career: as a house officer and later in my surgical training. Initially it helped me see how life as a doctor could be different from the theory learnt at medical school, an extreme example being when Dr Manson and his colleague blow up the local sewers during a typhoid outbreak to get the council to repair them. The second time I read it, what caught my attention was the relationship between Dr Manson and his wife. Her ongoing support of him throughout exams, research, and the stresses of everyday work is something that I (and my wife!) can now relate to. I am sure if I read it again in five to 10 years' time it would shed light on a different aspect of my job. The fact that it appeals to doctors at all stages of their career makes it a classic.

There are many enduring themes in this novel that make it interesting to a doctor, such as ethical issues and the work-life balance; but above all The Citadel is an easy to read, enjoyable book.
Abstract 2496: First Human Experience with Intracoronary Red Light Irradiation for the Treatment of High Risk Non-Culprit Atheromatic Plaques
Authors: Konstantinos Toutouzas, Nicholas Kipshidze, Maria Drakopoulou, Virginia Markou, John Karabelas, Chrysoula Patsa, Costas Tentolouris, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Intraluminal low-power red laser light (LPRLL) irradiation has been used for the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Except from the antiproliferative properties of LPRLL recent studies have shown that also enhances reendothelialization by promoting nitric oxide production. We hypothesized that by LPRLL irradiation of high risk plaques, as detected by coronary thermography, stabilization of these plaques may occur. Methods. We included patients with ≥2 angiographically significant lesions at different vessels. Culprit lesions were identified in all patients by a combination of ECG, wall motion abnormalities, scintigraphic perfusion defects, and/or coronary angiogram. The non-culprit lesions were intermediate producing 50 –75% stenosis. In non-culprit lesions coronary thermography was performed by a dedicated thermography catheter (Epiphany, Medispes S.W., ZUG, Switzerland). The temperature difference (DT) was assigned as the difference between the atherosclerotic plaque and ...
Abstract 10276: Visit-to-visit Blood Pressure Variations: New Independent Determinants for Carotid Artery Measures in the High Risk Elderly of Cardiovascular Disease.
Authors: Michiaki Nagai, Satoshi Hoshide, Joji Ishikawa, Kazuyuki Shimada, Kazuomi Kario
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Recently, visit-to-visit variability in clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP) and maximum SBP have been shown to be strong predictors of stroke. However, the relationship between visit-to-visit BP variation and vascular risk is not clear. In this study, we investigated the relationship of visit-to-visit BP variations with intima-media thickness (IMT) and stiffness in the common carotid artery (CCA).   Method:  BP measurement and carotid ultrasoundsonography in CCA were performed among 201 elderly subjects (79.9±6.4 years old, female 75%) with one or more cardiovascular risks (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking). From 12 visits (once a month), visit-to-visit BP variability (expressed as standard deviation [SD]), maximum, minimum, and delta (maximum-minimum) BP were measured.   Result:  Max-IMT was significantly correlated with age (r=0.18), female gender (r=−0.27), smoking (r=0.15), high density lipoprotein (HDL) (r=−0.18), minimum (r=−0.16) and delta (r=0.25) in SBP. Stiffness parameter β (SPβ) was significantly correlated with age (r=0.29), smoking (r=−0.14), HDL (r=−0.18), SD (r=0.17), maximum (r=0.18) and delta (r=0.22) in SBP, and mean (r=−0.15), SD (r=0.18), minimum (r=−0.23), and delta (r=0.23) in diastolic BP (DBP). In the multiple linear regression analysis, the delta SBP was significantly associated with max-IMT (p=0.0003) after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, and lower HDL level. The delta SBP (p=0.04), and mean (p=0.048), SD (p=0.04), minimum (p=0.01), and delta (p=0.008) in DBP were significantly associated with SPβ after adjustment for age, smoking, and lower HDL level. These relationships of delta in both SBP and DBP with max-IMT and SPβ remained significant even after adjustment for mean SBP or DBP.   Conclusion:  In the high risk elderly, exaggerated visit-to-visit BP fluctuations were strong indicators for carotid artery atherosclerosis and stiffness, independent of mean BP. Visit-to-visit BP variations may act as a causal link of stroke via cerebral arteriopathy.
Fraud and abuse in psychiatric practice
Authors: O B Towery, S S Sharfstein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

A consensus has not yet been reached on definitions of fraud and abuse, particularly the latter. Further, the terms tend to be linked routinely by federal agencies, although abuse is generally understood to relate to inappropriate and fraud to illegal practices. These definitional problems make it difficult to determine what constitutes fraudulent or abusive practice in psychiatry. The authors provide hypothetical examples relevant to psychiatry, noting that in many cases it is still impossible to determine at what point a practice becomes inappropriate or illegal. Criteria must be developed by claims review systems, ethics committees, and PSROs; all those in the mental health field should devote serious attention to these issues.
Autoresistance to ErbB2 kinase inhibitors: Elucidating mechanisms and identfying strategies to prevent its onset in breast cancer
Authors: W. Xia, S. Bacus, P. Hedge, I. Husain, J. Strum, L. Liu, G. Paulazzo, J. Harris, P. Trusk, N. Spector
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

2075 Background: Clinical efficacy of ErbB1/ErbB2 kinase inhibitors is limited by the development of acquired autoresistance. Developing clinically relevant models to study the mechanism(s) of acquired autoresistance will identify therapeutic strategies to prevent its onset. Methods: BT474 cells, an ErbB2-overexpressing/ER+ breast cancer line sensitive to lapatinib-induced apoptosis were chronically exposed to lapatinib, simulating chronic administration of lapatinib in the clinic. Lapatinib-resistant cells (rBT474) and single cell clones were established. Baseline gene expression in parental BT474 and rBT474 cells was compared using Human Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays. Sequential tumor biopsies were analyzed by quantitative IHC as part of a clinical trial using lapatinib monotherapy (1500mg/d) in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Results: Gene expression and protein analysis indicates that acquired resistance to lapatinib is mediated by increased estrogen receptor (ER) signaling rather than loss of ErbB2 expression or insensitivity of the ErbB2-MAPK-PI3K pathways to lapatinib. Activation of ER signaling results from de-repression of FOXO3a and transient up-regulation of caveolin-1, both facilitating ER transcriptional activity. Gene interference studies confirm that acquired resistance involves a switch in survival dependence and regulation of survivin from ErbB2 to ER. Since ErbB2 signaling is operative in rBT474 cells, treating parental BT474 cells with lapatinib plus (i) fulvestrant, or (ii) estrogen deprivation prevents the onset of acquired lapatinib resistance compared with either therapy alone. Importantly, increased ER signaling occurs in patients with ErbB2-overexpressing/ER+ breast cancers treated with lapatinib monotherapy, consistent with changes in cell lines. Conclusions: Chronic lapatinib monotherapy induces a shift in the dependence of cell survival from ErbB2 to ER. Combining lapatinib with selected anti-estrogens prevents its onset in cell lines and warrants clinical validation. Establishing models of acquired resistance simulating the clinic provides a tool to identify strategies to improve treatment options for patients with ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers. [Table: see text]
Report calls for safeguards for children in NHS in Wales
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Sweeping changes designed to safeguard children treated by the NHS in Wales are urged in a new report.

The report recommends establishing a director of children's healthcare services, an all-Wales NHS child protection organisation, two new charters for children, police checking of staff who come into contact with children, and protection of NHS whistleblowers.

The review, carried out by a panel of experts and chaired by Lord Carlile QC, was set up in the wake of the north Wales child abuse inquiry, which heard allegations from former inpatients of a child and adolescent mental health unit in North Wales.

Its 150 recommendations to the Welsh Assembly also include medical access to child protection registers, some access to health records by social workers, the establishment of complaints officers in every NHS trust, and a network of children's advocates.

Review of Safeguards for Children and Young People Treated and Cared for by the NHS in Wales is accessible at www.wales.gov.uk
Abstract 2403: Inspiratory Muscle Training Decreases Central and Peripheral Sympathetic Activity Improves Reflex Vasodilatory Blood Flow in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Priscila Mello, Grazia Guerra, Pedro Dall’ago, Suellen Borille, Maria U Rondom, Carlos E Negrao, Cristiano Mostarda, Maria Claudia Irigoyen, Eduardo M Krieger, Fernanda Consolim-Colombo
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) improves functional capacity of patients with CHF but the mechanisms of this effect are unknown. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that IMT could decrease sympathetic activity and improve the reflex muscle vasodilatory response during exercise in patients (CHF) and inspiratory muscle weakness. Methods: Six patients with CHF and inspiratory muscle weakness (maximal inspiratory pressure &lt;70% of predicted) NYHA Class II–III, EF &lt;35%, peak VO(2) &lt; 20 ml/kg/min, were submitted to a IMT during 12 weeks (30 minute breathing with an inspiratory resistance of 30% of maximal inspiratory pressure). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was recorded by microneurography, LF (sympathetic) and HF (parasympathetic) components of the heart rate variability and LF/HF ratio were assessed by the use of power spectral analysis of RR interval. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography at baseline and during hand grip (HG) manouver. Paired student t-test was used to analyze the impact of IMT in this population. Results: Compared to baseline, IMT significantly (p &lt; 0,05) caused: an increase in inspiratory muscle force by 130%; a 15% reduction in MSNA (40 ± 1 vs 33 ± 1 bursts/min); an increase in forearm blood flow (0.8+/−0.1 mL/min/100 g) during HG manouver; a decrease in LF% (59 ± 5 vs 39 ± 3 U); an increase in HF% (40 ± 5 vs 61 ± 3 U); a decrease in LF/HF ratio (1,74 vs 0,66). Conclusions: Twelve weeks of Inspiratory muscle training in patients with CHF and inspiratory muscle weakness promoted a significant improvement in cardiovascular parameters, such as increase in limb blood flow, cardiac autonomic balance and baroreflex sensitivity, associated with a decrease in peripheral sympathetic activity.