tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Titrations of Mammary Tumor Virus in Fresh and Treated RIII Milk and Milk Fractions&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Dan H. Moore, Nan Pillsbury, B. D. Pullinger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Freezing and thawing 1 time destroyed more than 99% of the bioactivity of a sample of undiluted skim milk, and freezing and thawing 5 times destroyed more than 99.9%. Freezing after a 100-fold dilution in phosphate-buffered saline was less destructive. Incubation at 37°C for 18 hours had little effect on the bioactivity of either undiluted or diluted milk. A correlation was found between the content of B particles and bioactivity of fractions taken after centrifugation of milk concentrates on preformed gradients of Ficoll. Fractions were assayed by observation of tumor incidence in C57BL/Haag mice and nodule incidence in BALB/c mice. The two methods gave comparable results. Although the B particles and the bioactivity were concentrated in one area of the centrifuge tube, no part of the tube was void of either. The bioactivity of any sample could be determined only by titration to the endpoint. There was no relationship between the tumor incidence or nodule incidence and concentration of infectious particles, except where the dilutions approached the endpoint. The tumor incidence of the principal virion zone (No. 3) increased from 10% at 10−1 dilution to 55% at 10−7 dilution. In convection-free or twice-repeated centrifugations of fresh milk, supernatants free of bioactivity were obtained.
Interferon γ (IFNγ) decreases apoptosis rate of antigen primed T helper lymphocytes from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
Authors: Piotr Kopinski, Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko, Andrzej Dyczek, Barbara Balicka-Slusarczyk, Ewelina Pólgesek, Adriana Rozy, Teresa Iwaniec, Tomasz Wandtke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: We have previously found that IFNγ levels in BAL supernatants of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) patients were associated with T cell number and increased CD4/CD8 ratio. We suggested that Th, but not Tc, are the principal IFNγ local source. However, alternative explanation is possible. According to some experimental data [McKinstry et al, 2010], IFNγ protects primed T cells from contraction during immune response, i.e. from massive apoptosis.

Methods: IFNγ levels were tested by ELISA in BAL supernatants from sarcoidosis (PS), subdivided due to disease form, extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and silicosis (n=33, 9, 11, 8, 7 resp.). BAL cells were stained for major subsets. AL apoptosis was examined with use of flow cytometry by both cell cycle analysis (sub-G1 peak) and cell light scatter properties.

Results: IFNγ level was significantly increased in Loefgren's syndrome (11.7±2.9), progressive sarcoidosis (5.5±1.4), IPF (6.7±1.3) and silicosis (6.6±2.3 pg/ml, all results as median±SEM). In chronic sarcoidosis (2.6±1.4) and NSIP (3.3±1.7) IFNγ results were comparable to controls (1.7±1.4pg/ml). There was no association between IFN level and total BAL lymphocyte apoptosis, as well as Tc apoptosis. However, Th (CD4+) apoptosis rate was remarkably negatively correlated with IFNγ levels (Rs=–0.25, p<0.01).

Conclusions: Our data are consistent with view on IFNγ as a survival factor for primed Th. Experimental results were supported herein by clinical data. Additionally, IFNγ levels obtained in IPF, indicate the need to reevaluate this disease as Th2 disorder.
Assay in the Mouse for Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity to Murine Leukemia Virus2
Authors: Robert L. Peters, Robert M. Donahoe, Gary J. Kelloff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), assayed by footpad swelling, was induced in 6- to 8-week-old BALB/cCr mice immunized with formalin-inactivated, sucrose-banded murine type-C viruses. The DTH response was inducible with as little as 11.25 mug sensitizing antigen, was greatest after sc sensitization as compared to im and ip sensitization, and was optimally elicited with a 7-day challenge. A statistical evaluation of the DTH assay revealed that the test was consistently reproducible and limited only by biologic variability of the mouse and the standardization of the antigen preparation. The DTH response was specific for type-C virus subtypes because it could distinguish the Rauscher strain of murine leukemia virus from AKR leukemia virus when the challenge antigen was extracted with Tween 80-ether. Immunized mice that gave DTH responses were resistant to challenge with exogenous, live murine leukemia viruses.
Effects of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons on Mammary Homograft Survival and Tumorigenesis in Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Thomas L. Dao, Yoshimori Tanaka, Daniel Gawlak
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Journal Article Effects of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons on Mammary Homograft Survival and Tumorigenesis in Rats Get access Thomas L. Dao, Thomas L. Dao Department of Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Department of Health, State of New York, Buffalo, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yoshimori Tanaka, Yoshimori Tanaka Department of Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Department of Health, State of New York, Buffalo, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daniel Gawlak Daniel Gawlak Department of Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Department of Health, State of New York, Buffalo, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 33, Issue 6, December 1964, Pages 963–970, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/33.6.963 Published: 01 December 1964 Article history Received: 02 June 1964 Published: 01 December 1964
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: End stage of tracheo bronchial amyloidosis
Authors: Houda Gharsalli, Saloua Azzabi, Besma Ourari Dhahri, Walid Feki, Soumaya Rammeh Rommani, Mohamed Ali Baccar, Jihéne Ben Ammar, Meizar Salah Said, Leila El Gharbi, Hichem Aouina, Hend Bouacha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is an uncommon benign disease affecting the cartilaginous wall of large airways. Etiology of TO is unknown, however review of literature reveals an intimate interrelationship between TO and amyloidosis and many authors suggest that TO is an advanced stage of primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis. We describe a case illustrated TO as an end stage of amyloidosis.   Case report:  A 47 year old nosmoker woman was admitted in1997 for dyspnea reported since 2 years. Pulmonary function test showed an obstructive pattern. Asthma was suspected but we haven9t amelioration of symptoms with appropriate treatment. Fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination revealed infiltration and nodular lesions protruding into the lumen of the lower third portion of trachea and the main bronchi. AA amyloidosis was confirmed by endobronchial biopsy. Extensive investigations leaded to rule out systemic amyloidosis. Recurrent lower respiratory tract infections marked the outcome of our patient treated by antibiotics.Thirteen years after; the patient was admitted for cough, dyspnea, wheezing. Previous treatment with prednisone and inhaled bronchodilatator had no notable response.  Fiberoptic Bronchoscopic examination demonstrated nodular lesions distributed along the cartilaginous rings of lower portion of trachea and the main bronchi. Endobronchial biopsy confirmed the TO.
Chronic pulmonary infection with streptococcus pneumoniae during ovalbumin allergic inflammation
Authors: Louise Haste, Kathryn Hulland, Ken McKechnie, Peter Andrew
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Asthma is a complex respiratory disease, which is associated with reversible airflow obstruction and persistent airway inflammation. A hallmark of severe asthma is the presence of a low level bacterial infection in the lower airways with pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Until now this low-level pulmonary bacterial infection has not been mimicked in mice with human pathogens due to mice either clearing the infection within a few days or succumbing to the infection (Stevenson et al. Pharmacol. Ther., 2011; 130:93-105). A new model of prolonged low-level bacterial infection in the lungs of mice with S. pneumoniae will be described. The use of this model in conjunction with the chronic ovalbumin allergic inflammation model aims to understand the mechanism behind bacterial exacerbations in asthma.  An ovalbumin model was optimised in inbred mice. Mice were sensitised intraperitoneally at 0 and 14 days and challenged intranasally at day 21. S. pneumoniae was intranasally instilled before, after or in between the two ovalbumin sensitisations. Physiological and cellular endpoints were evaluated 48 hours after ovalbumin challenge.  The combination of a low-grade bacterial infection in addition to an ovalbumin sensitisation/challenge model skewed the inflammatory profile towards a more Th1 phenotype. The degree of skewing was dependent on when the infection was instilled in relation to ovalbumin sensitisation. Thus demostrating that we have a more clinically relevant model of severe respiratory disease, which could be used to better understand how bacterial infection contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as asthma.
Pulmonary Arterial Enlargement and Acute Exacerbations of COPD
Authors: J. Michael Wells, George R. Washko, MeiLan K. Han, Naseer Abbas, Hrudaya Nath, A. James Mamary, Elizabeth Regan, William C. Bailey, Fernando J. Martinez, Elizabeth Westfall, Terri H. Beaty, Douglas Curran-Everett, Jeffrey L. Curtis, John E. Hokanson, David A. Lynch, Barry J. Make, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Russell P. Bowler, Mark T. Dransfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with accelerated loss of lung function and death. Identification of patients at risk for these events, particularly those requiring hospitalization, is of major importance. Severe pulmonary hypertension is an important complication of advanced COPD and predicts acute exacerbations, though pulmonary vascular abnormalities also occur early in the course of the disease. We hypothesized that a computed tomographic (CT) metric of pulmonary vascular disease (pulmonary artery enlargement, as determined by a ratio of the diameter of the pulmonary artery to the diameter of the aorta [PA:A ratio] of >1) would be associated with severe COPD exacerbations.We conducted a multicenter, observational trial that enrolled current and former smokers with COPD. We determined the association between a PA:A ratio of more than 1 and a history at enrollment of severe exacerbations requiring hospitalization and then examined the usefulness of the ratio as a predictor of these events in a longitudinal follow-up of this cohort, as well as in an external validation cohort. We used logistic-regression and zero-inflated negative binomial regression analyses and adjusted for known risk factors for exacerbation.Multivariate logistic-regression analysis showed a significant association between a PA:A ratio of more than 1 and a history of severe exacerbations at the time of enrollment in the trial (odds ratio, 4.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.43 to 6.65; P<0.001). A PA:A ratio of more than 1 was also independently associated with an increased risk of future severe exacerbations in both the trial cohort (odds ratio, 3.44; 95% CI, 2.78 to 4.25; P<0.001) and the external validation cohort (odds ratio, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.11 to 3.71; P<0.001). In both cohorts, among all the variables analyzed, a PA:A ratio of more than 1 had the strongest association with severe exacerbations.Pulmonary artery enlargement (a PA:A ratio of >1), as detected by CT, was associated with severe exacerbations of COPD. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00608764 and NCT00292552.).
A 10 year follow-up of semi-annual screening for early detection of lung cancer in the Erfurt County, GDR
Authors: J Wilde
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

A prospective and controlled study for early detection of lung cancer in the county of Erfurt with a follow-up of 10 years is presented. A collective of 41,532 males born between 1907 and 1932 was screened by chest fluorography at 6 month intervals and compared with a control group consisting of 102,348 males of the same age, who were screened at intervals of about 18 months. No significant reduction of overall mortality and of lung cancer mortality was achieved. Semi-annual screening brought about a higher detection rate (9%/6.5%), an increase in the resection rate (28%/19%) and higher 5 and 10 year survival rates (52%; 27%/39%; 19%) of resected patients than screening in 18 month intervals. Among those patients who refused resection or were surgically untreatable, the difference in survival rates between the two investigation groups lasted only up to the 12 months barrier. This is regarded as the effect of the lead-time bias. Fluorographic screening is effective only in patients with peripheral cancers. Patients resected for central lung cancers did not show differences in the survival rates. In both investigation groups considered together surgical therapy was possible mainly in those patients who had been detected by screening (resection rate: 48%; 5 yr survival rate: 26.9%). The resection rate of all the others amounted to 9%, the 5 yr survival rate to 1.4%. Therefore we consider fluorography to time as the only chance for lung cancer control of high risk groups in spite of the absence of reduction of lung cancer mortality.
The analysis of clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Wenhui Chen, Xueli Zhang, Huaping Dai, Zhaohui Tong, Yuhui Zhang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics,methods of dignosis, treatment and prognosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Methods thirty consecutive patients dignosed malignant pleural mesothelioma from January 2006 to June 2012 in our hospital were studied retrospectively. Clinical menifestation, imaging characteristics, histopathology and manifestation of thoracoscopy were studied. Results The commonest clinical presentation was dyspnea on exertion(26/30) and chest pain(15/30). The commonest radiological manifestation was pleural effusion(28/30), with diffuse pleural thickening and/or pleural mass or nodules. Of thirty cases twenty-five cases were dignosed through medical thoracoscopy and one case was through surgical thoracoscopy. Thoracoscopy demonstrated that nodules with varying sizes distributed diffusely on diaphragmatic pleura and parietal pleura.Histopathological subtype of mesothelioma include epithelioid(24/30), sarcomatoid(5/30)and biphasic (1/30). Immonohistological examination showed that the positive rate of calretinin, MC, D2-40 was 90%,86.2% and 82.6% respectively. Fifteen pathient received chemotherapy, the main regimen is Pemetrexed and Cisplatin/ Carboplatin. Two patients received pleurectomy, eight patients received best support care. Overall survival time was 1 month∼54months.Those patients whose overall survival time was longer than 24 months received chemotherapy with Pemetrexed and Cisplatin/ Carboplatin or Pleurectomy. Conclusion Clinical manifestation of malignant pleural mesothelioma were nonspecific. Medical thoracoscopy makes the definite diagnosis earlier remarkably. Timely treatment can improve the prognosis.
Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast and Ovarian, Version 1.2014
Authors: Mary B. Daly, Robert Pilarski, Jennifer E. Axilbund, Saundra S. Buys, Beth Crawford, Susan Friedman, Judy E. Garber, Carolyn Horton, Virginia Kaklamani, Catherine Klein, Wendy Kohlmann, Allison Kurian, Jennifer Litton, Lisa Madlensky, P. Kelly Marcom, Sofia D. Merajver, Kenneth Offit, Tuya Pal, Boris Pasche, Gwen Reiser, Kristen Mahoney Shannon, Elizabeth Swisher, Nicoleta C. Voian, Jeffrey N. Weitzel, Alison Whelan, Georgia L. Wiesner, Mary A. Dwyer, Rashmi Kumar
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

During the past few years, several genetic aberrations that may contribute to increased risks for development of breast and/or ovarian cancers have been identified. The NCCN Guidelines for Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast and Ovarian focus specifically on the assessment of genetic mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2, TP53, and PTEN, and recommend approaches to genetic testing/counseling and management strategies in individuals with these mutations. This portion of the NCCN Guidelines includes recommendations regarding diagnostic criteria and management of patients with Cowden Syndrome/PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.
Weight Management in Type 2 Diabetes: Current and Emerging Approaches to Treatment
Authors: Luc Van Gaal, André Scheen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Diabetes is a growing global health concern, as is obesity. Diabetes and obesity are intrinsically linked: obesity increases the risk of diabetes and also contributes to disease progression and cardiovascular disease. Although the benefits of weight loss in the prevention of diabetes and as a critical component of managing the condition are well established, weight reduction remains challenging for individuals with type 2 diabetes due to a host of metabolic and psychological factors. For many patients, lifestyle intervention is not enough to achieve weight loss, and alternative options, such as pharmacotherapy, need to be considered. However, many traditional glucose-lowering medications may lead to weight gain. This article focuses on the potential of currently available pharmacological strategies and on emerging approaches in development to support the glycemic and weight-loss goals of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Two pharmacotherapy types are considered: those developed primarily for blood glucose control that have a favorable effect on body weight and those developed primarily to induce weight loss that have a favorable effect on blood glucose control. Finally, the potential of combination therapies for the management of obese patients with type 2 diabetes is discussed.
Trisomy of Chromosome #13 in Spontaneous Mammary Tumors of GR, C3H, and Noninbred Swiss Mice2
Authors: Ryuichi Dofuku, Tadashi Utakoji, Akio Matsuzawa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Karyotype analyses were conducted on spontaneous mammary tumors of 11 GR, 2 C3H, and 2 noninbred Swiss mice with the use of trypsin-Giemsa banding procedures. All tumors manifested trisomy of chromosome No 13 in most cells, and all except 1 tumor had cells with a model chromosome number of 40.
Clinical trials for elderly patients with multiple diseases (CHROMED): A pilot study
Authors: Pasquale Pompilio, Valentina Isetta, Andrei Malinovschi, Jo Middlemass, Giulia Munaro, Mireia Dalmases, Christer Janson, Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena, Roberta Macis, Paolo Zanaboni, Peter Calverley, Raffaele Dellaca, Roberto Rosso
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a significant socio-economic burden. It is frequently associated with comorbidities, such as Congestive Heath failure (CHF), that affect patients9 health outcomes. Telemedicine-based care models that enable early diagnosis and treatment are advocated to reduce the socioeconomic impact of chronic diseases. CHROMED (www.chromed.eu) is an EU-funded project involving 9 partners from 7 European countries (Italy, Spain, UK, Estonia, Slovenia, Sweden and Norway) aimed at evaluating the impact of a new integrated home care approach to reduce care costs and improve quality of life in COPD.  CHROMED comprises a pilot study, followed by a multi-centric RCT with 300 patients. The CHROMED system includes a forced oscillation technique (FOT) device for self-measurement of lung mechanics (Resmon Pro Diary, Restech srl, Italy), a touch screen for collecting patient9s symptoms and, for subjects with CHF comorbidity, a device for measuring heart rate (HR), blood pressure(BP), SpO2 and body temperature (WRIST CLINIC, Medic4all, Israel).  The pilot study included 16 patients (11 COPD, 5 COPD+CHF). The average monitoring period was 48.3±23.4 days resulting in a total of 504 days. The percentage of data correctly received is reported in the table.  During the pilot, one patient was treated pharmacologically for a COPD exacerbation. Offline processing demonstrated that the system identified this event 5 days in advance.  A good acceptability of the system and short-term compliance among patients was found. Lung function, HR and BP provided the most reliable data.
Chemokines as effector and target molecules in vascular biology
Authors: Silvano Sozzani, Annalisa Del Prete, Raffaella Bonecchi, Massimo Locati
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Chemokines are key mediators of inflammation. In pathological tissues, the main roles of chemokines are to regulate leucocyte accumulation through the activation of oriented cell migration and the activation of limited programs of gene transcription. Through these activities, chemokines exert many crucial functions, including the regulation of angiogenesis. The 'chemokine system' is tightly regulated at several levels, such as the post-transcriptional processing of ligands, the regulation of the expression and function of the receptors and through the expression of molecules known as 'atypical chemokine receptors', proteins that function as chemokine scavenging and presenting molecules. Several experimental evidence obtained in vitro, in animal models and in human studies, has defined a crucial role of chemokines in cardiovascular diseases. An intense area of research is currently exploring the possibility to develop new effective therapeutic strategies through the identification of chemokine receptor antagonists.
Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is a prognostic biomarker in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sonosuke Tanaka, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Noboru Hattori, Hironobu Hamada, Akihito Yokoyama, Nobuoki Kohno
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: By immunizing mice with a lung adenocarcinoma cell line, we previously established a murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody that recognizes a sialylated sugar chain designated Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6). KL-6 is a high–molecular-weight glycoprotein classified as a human MUC1 mucin. The aim of this study was to determine whether KL-6 expression in tumors correlates with circulating KL-6 levels and whether circulating KL-6 has any prognostic value in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Method: Immunohistochemical analysis of KL-6 expression was performed on 103 NSCLC tissues, and its associations with serum KL-6 levels and survival were examined. We also evaluated whether KL-6 expression patterns and/or serum KL-6 levels could predict prognosis in these NSCLC patients.

Result: Immunohistochemical analysis of KL-6 in NSCLC tissues showed that a depolarized KL-6 expression pattern was associated with a high level of circulating KL-6 and a poor prognosis in NSCLC patients who underwent curative surgery. Furthermore, a high circulating KL-6 level was associated with both poorer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and multivariate analyses confirmed its independent prognostic value for both PFS and OS ( p =0.041 and 0.023, respectively).

Conclusion: Our data suggest that preoperative serum KL-6 level reflects KL-6 expression patterns in NSCLC tissue, and can serve as a useful prognostic biomarker in NSCLC patients who undergo curative surgery.