tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conference delegates claim NHS posts are “slavery”
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Advice from BMA officials that doctors in non-consultant career grade posts should take a “softly softly” approach to developing their careers was met with short shrift from delegates at a conference held by the Royal College of Physicians on Tuesday. One delegate claimed that the posts were “racist” and that the people filling them were “slaves.”

“You are giving us details of how to behave as slaves,” said Omar El-Gaby, who trained in Egypt and came to England as a senior house officer, after listening to a session from a BMA advisor. Dr El-Gaby has been working in a non-consultant career grade rheumatology post in East Sussex for five years, with no prospect of career progression.

Such posts are advertised by NHS trusts to fill gaps in service provision, but are not part of the conventional medical careers structure and do …
RECURRENT PSYCHOTIC DEPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERCALCEMIA AND PARATHYROID ADENOMA
Authors: MARTIN M. MANDEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

A case of recurrent depression is presented in association with an adenoma of the parathyroid gland. The similarity between the symptoms of the involutional depression and those of hyperparathyroidism are frequently indistinguishable. Chemical factors should be excluded in recurrent depressive states and a serum calcium should be considered as a diagnostic aid in these instances.
How good are articles on adverse drug reactions?
Authors: J Venulet, R Blattner, J von Bulow, G C Berneker
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A study was carried out of the quality and completeness of articles on adverse drug reactions: 5737 articles from 80 countries published between 1972 and 1979 were studied. Only 61% of the articles included information on the number of patients treated and the number with adverse drug reactions, yet these are essential for calculating the incidence of adverse reactions. In only 55% could the incidence of a particular adverse reaction be calculated. Great importance is placed on articles on adverse reactions, particularly those that report on many patients. Authors and editors should ensure that articles include the following information: drug regimens, numbers of patients treated, numbers of patients developing adverse reactions, and nature and incidence of adverse reactions.
Pimobendan inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines and gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in a murine model of viral myocarditis
Authors: Atsushi Iwasaki, Akira Matsumori, Takehiko Yamada, Tetsuo Shioi, Weizhong Wang, Koh Ono, Ryosuke Nishio, Masaharu Okada, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
The unsung public health hero who helped launch the war on tobacco
Authors: D. L. Breo
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Demonstration of a soluble mediator that induces exudates rich in Ia-positive macrophages.
Authors: M G Scher, D I Beller, E R Unanue
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Previous studies have shown that Listeria monocytogenes-immune T cells, adoptively transferred into normal mice with killed Listeria organisms, induced peritoneal exudates rich in Ia-positive macrophages. We show now that culture fluids generated by Listeria-immune exudate cells and Listeria contain an activity that elicits Ia-rich exudates when injected intraperitoneally. The factor that recruits Ia-positive macrophages must be injected several times during a 2-d period for optimal demonstration of its activity. The induction of the factor is immunologically specific and requires Ia-positive macrophages, primed T lymphocytes, and antigen challenge. The factor is a nondialyzable protein and is not genetically restricted in its activity. The macrophages in the exudates induced by the factor bear Fc receptors, take up latex, synthesize I-A, but bear few C3 receptors. We have thus identified an immune mediator capable of controlling the Ia phenotype of the exudate macrophages.
Commissioning specialist services in the NHS
Authors: N. Black
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A white paper is expected in the next few weeks which will set out the UK government's vision for the NHS—possibly the most important document for the service since Working for Patients in 1989.1 The government faces the tricky task of coming up with a formula which recognises the potential benefits of a purchaser-provider split—greater accountability and responsiveness to local needs—without the competition, fragmentation, and transaction costs of an internal market. The role of district health authorities and their performance since 1991 will be central in their considerations. Much attention has recently been paid to health authorities' capacity to commission specialised services, such as those for haemophilia2 and cochlear implants,3 which account for about £1.4bn (6%) of NHS expenditure. Before 1991 these services were funded centrally and managed at a regional level. Since then responsibility has largely been devolved to districts. Yet despite some transitional arrangements to ensure continuity, specialist providers have felt increasingly vulnerable. Is such concern justified?

An …
Higher Rate of Multiple Births after Periconceptional Vitamin Supplementation
Authors: Andrew E. Czeizel, Julia Metneki, Istvan Dudas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Periconceptional supplementation with multivitamins including folic acid or with folic acid alone can reduce both the first occurrence and the recurrence of neural-tube defects1–3. We examined the effect of such supplementation on multiple births. The Hungarian trial of periconceptional multivitamin supplementation was stopped in 1992, and the outcomes of the pregnancies were evaluated one year later1. The multivitamin supplement contained 12 vitamins, including 0.8 mg of folic acid, four minerals, and three trace elements; a control supplement contained three trace elements. Pregnancy was confirmed in 5502 women, and outcome could be evaluated in 5453. . . .
1251 Treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma by intrahepatic laser irradiation using a tumor-localizing photosensitizer
Authors: K NARIAI, T YOSHIKAWA, H TAKAHASHI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Biophysical and photobiological properties of three derivatives of chlorin p6 were examined. These agents can be considered as lysyl analogs of the aspartyl chlorin NPe6. Lysyl chlorin p6 diester (LCP) and the triester analog (LCP2) were readily accumulated by murine leukemia L1210 cells, localized in lysosomes, and were relatively inefficient photosensitizing agents in vitro. In contrast, lysyl chlorin e6 (LCI) was poorly accumulated, concentrated in mitochondrial and plasma membranes, but was more efficacious. LCI was the most effective agent with regard to photosensitization of a murine tumor in vivo, but all three agents caused substantially more toxicity than was observed with NPe6.
Power of the Package Insert
Authors: Neil L. Chayet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE precursor of the current storm surrounding the heretofore innocuous package insert was a malpractice case against a New York dentist in which the insert in a package of epinephrine with lidocaine (Xylocaine) became the plaintiff's chief weapon against the dentist who had administered the drug to a hypertensive woman. The patient died shortly after the drug was administered, and her estate, which brought the lawsuit, was unable to obtain expert medical testimony to prove that the dentist had been negligent in administering the drug. A jury was allowed to find against the dentist, however, on the ground that the . . .
Cotransplantation of ex vivo–expanded mesenchymal stem cells accelerates lymphocyte recovery and may reduce the risk of graft failure in haploidentical hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation
Authors: Lynne M. Ball, Maria Ester Bernardo, Helene Roelofs, Arjan Lankester, Angela Cometa, R. Maarten Egeler, Franco Locatelli, Willem E. Fibbe
Journal: Blood (2007)
Immunofluorescent Detection of Treponema pallidum
Authors: Douglas S. Kellogg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The status of immunofluorescent methods for the detection of<i>Treponema pallidum</i>is reviewed because of increasingly wide interest in these procedures. Since conventional staining procedures (fuchsin, acridine dyes, silver stains, etc) for demonstrating<i>T pallidum</i>are not specific for<i>T pallidum</i>, the detection of treponemes in primary and secondary syphilis has been based largely on dark-field microscopy of unstained wet preparations from fresh lesions. Such dark-field identifications of treponemes necessarily rely upon refractive characteristics, motility, and morphology. Results of examinations of material from oral lesions are not reliable because of the presence of treponemal flora that are indistinguishable from<i>T pallidum</i>by dark-field examination.
The Treatment of Opioid Dependence: Try Prison, It's Cheaper—or Is It?
Authors: James W. Wiggs
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read the article by Johnson et al<sup>1</sup>with interest. At least 75% of street crime is accounted for by drug abusers. The average drug abuser steals to maintain his or her habit, and the amount stolen or damaged ranges from $100 000 to $1 000 000 per year per drug abuser. A prison bed costs society about $35 000 per year. Drug abuse was elevated by the media to the status of a social protest in the 1960s and 1970s, but serious studies in the early 1970s confirmed that it was simply hedonism: people took drugs because they liked the way drugs made them feel. The vast majority of drug abusers, therefore, are sociopaths with no allegiance to anyone and very little ability to learn from experience or to postpone gratification. With all of this in mind, 162 volunteers "seeking treatment for opioid dependence at
Liver Enzymes and Incident Diabetes
Authors: Earl S. Ford, Matthias B. Schulze, Manuela M. Bergmann, Claus Thamer, Hans-Georg Joost, Heiner Boeing
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We sought to examine the association between plasma concentrations of liver enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and incident diabetes, prospectively.We conducted a case-cohort analysis of data from participants mainly aged 35-65 years in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam Study. The analytic sample included 787 participants with incident diabetes and 2,224 participants without diabetes.Concentrations of GGT and ALT were significantly associated with incident diabetes after extensive adjustment. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of GGT, the adjusted hazard ratios for increasing quintiles were 1.13 (95% CI 0.66-1.93), 1.67 (1.01-2.77), 2.77 (1.71-4.49), and 2.67 (1.63-4.37), respectively (P for linear trend <0.001). Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of ALT, the adjusted hazard ratios for incident diabetes were 0.93 (0.56-1.53) for quintile 2, 1.28 (0.83-1.96) for quintile 3, 1.35 (0.88-2.07) for quintile 4, and 1.93 (1.27-2.92) for quintile 5 (P for linear trend = 0.002). The magnitude of the associations were higher among men than women for GGT (P = 0.004) but did not differ significantly between men and women for ALT (P = 0.307).Concentrations of GGT and ALT were significant predictors of incident diabetes in this study, even at concentrations still considered to be within the normal range.
Antithrombotic effects of combining activated protein C and urokinase in nonhuman primates.
Authors: A Gruber, L A Harker, S R Hanson, A B Kelly, J H Griffin
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND We have determined in vivo the relative antithrombotic efficacy and hemostatic safety of combining low-dose activated protein C (APC) and urokinase (urinary plasminogen activator, u-PA), two natural proteins that regulate thrombogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS To model acute thrombotic responses of native blood under conditions of arterial flow, thrombogenic segments of Dacron vascular graft (VG) were incorporated into chronic exteriorized femoral arteriovenous (AV) access shunts in baboons. Thrombus formation on VG was determined by measuring 1) the deposition of autologous 111In platelets using real-time scintillation camera imaging, 2) the accumulation of 125I fibrin, 3) segment patency by Doppler flow analysis, and 4) blood tests for thrombosis, including plasma concentrations of platelet factor 4, beta-thromboglobulin, fibrinopeptide A (FPA), and D-dimer. Treatments consisting of low-dose and intermediate-dose APC (0.07 or 0.25 mg/kg.hr), u-PA (25,000 or 50,000 IU/kg.hr), or the combination were administered for 1 hour by continuous intravenous infusion. In untreated controls, platelets and fibrin accumulated rapidly, reaching plateau values at 1 hour of 15.1 +/- 3.8 x 10(9) platelets and 7.8 +/- 2.2 mg fibrin. Although the low-dose APC or u-PA alone did not decrease either platelet or fibrin deposition significantly, this combination moderately reduced both platelet and fibrin accumulation (7.3 +/- 2.6 x 10(9) platelets, p less than 0.05; 3.9 +/- 0.6 mg fibrin, p less than 0.05). Furthermore, intermediate-dose APC or u-PA reduced thrombus formation by half when administered alone (p less than 0.001 for both platelet and fibrin deposition), and the combination markedly interrupted the accumulation of platelets (3.0 +/- 1.0 x 10(9) platelets, p less than 0.001) and fibrin (1.3 +/- 0.6 mg fibrin, p less than 0.001). During active treatments, all VG segments remained patent. Hemostatic plug forming capability, as measured by template bleeding times, remained normal during all experiments (p greater than 0.05). The T50 clearance time for APC activity was not affected by the concurrent administration of u-PA. u-PA alone increased the plasma levels of D-dimer, FPA, and, interestingly, APC, implying that during pharmacological activation of the fibrinolytic system, thrombin activity was released, and the protein C pathway was activated. CONCLUSIONS A combination of intermediate-dose APC and u-PA produce substantial and efficient antithrombotic effects without impairing hemostatic function.
Fingerstick Glucose Determination in Shock
Authors: Suzanne H. Atkin, Amita Dasmahapatra, Michael A. Jaker, Mitchell I. Chorost, Suman Reddy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

To evaluate the accuracy of fingerstick glucose measurements in severely hypotensive patients.Prospective, nonrandomized comparison study.Emergency department in a university hospital.Twenty-five severely hypotensive patients (systolic blood pressure less than or equal to 80 mm Hg) and 39 normotensive patients.Simultaneous fingerstick reagent strip glucose, venous reagent strip glucose, and laboratory glucose values were compared. Data were analyzed using error-grid analysis.In hypotensive patients, the mean fingerstick glucose values were significantly lower than the values obtained either by venous reagent strip or laboratory glucose measurements. Fingerstick glucose values in the hypotensive group were 67.5% of laboratory glucose values, and were significantly lower than the values obtained in the normotensive group (91.8%, P less than 0.001). Only 36% of the hypotensive patients had fingerstick glucose values within the acceptable range of 20% of the laboratory glucose value. Thirty-two percent of hypotensive patients were incorrectly diagnosed as hypoglycemic (glucose less than 3.89 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]); 2 of these patients were actually hyperglycemic (glucose greater than 11.10 mmol/L [200 mg/dL]). Venous reagent strip measurements accurately reflected laboratory glucose values in both hypotensive and normotensive patients.Fingerstick glucose testing does not accurately represent venous glucose levels in severely hypotensive patients. If fingerstick glucose testing is relied on for these patients, errors in clinical management may be made. Venous reagent strip glucose testing correlates well with laboratory glucose measurements and should be the preferred method for rapid assessment of glucose level in critically ill patients with severe hypotension.
Cell surface antigens of human melanocytes and melanoma. Expression of adenosine deaminase binding protein is extinguished with melanocyte transformation.
Authors: A N Houghton, A P Albino, C Cordon-Cardo, L J Davis, M Eisinger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

It has been proposed that the pathogenesis of melanoma proceeds through multiple stages, ranging from benign proliferation of melanocytic cells to acquisition of the capacity to invade tissues and metastasize. During investigations of cell surface antigens expressed by melanocytes and melanoma, we identified an antigen system that was expressed by cultured normal melanocytes but not by melanoma cell lines. mAbs against this antigen detected a 120-kD cell surface glycoprotein on melanocytes. This molecule had been identified previously as the binding protein for adenosine deaminase (ADAbp). ADAbp was expressed by 51 melanocyte cell lines derived from normal fetal, newborn, and adult skin and adult choroid, but not by 102 melanoma cell lines derived from primary and metastatic lesions. Studies with radiolabeled bovine adenosine deaminase, confirmed that melanocytes expressed binding sites for adenosine deaminase, but no binding sites were detected on cultured melanoma cells. Further studies showed that ADAbp+ melanocytes became ADAbp- upon malignant transformation in vitro. Immunohistochemical studies on a panel of frozen tissues demonstrated reactivity of anti-ADAbp mAbs with epidermal melanocytes and benign junctional nevi, but not with potentially premalignant dysplastic nevi or primary/metastatic melanoma lesions. These studies demonstrate that ADAbp expression is lost with malignant transformation of melanocytes, presumably at an early stage in the transformation process.
Steroid psychosis after an intra-articular injection
Authors: D E ROBINSON
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Intra-articular steroid injections are a well recognised treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis with an inflammatory component. It is also clear that the effects of intra-articular steroid treatment are not confined to the joint injected. Steroid is absorbed, inducing improvement in the indices of general inflammation and a clinical1 and thermographic improvement in other joints.2 3 Peak serum steroid levels occur from two to 12 hours after injection, and the drug is completely cleared within three to five days. However, cortisol levels are suppressed by 64–81% at 24 hours after injection, with most patients' values returning to normal by one week; depo-medrone (methylprednisolone acetate) 40 mg is sufficient to induce maximum suppression.4 Many complications are known to arise after systemic steroid administration, but we are not …
Identification and regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor activity and biosynthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Studies in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells and human dermal capillaries.
Authors: J Merke, P Milde, S Lewicka, U Hügel, G Klaus, D J Mangelsdorf, M R Haussler, E W Rauterberg, E Ritz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Because 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has been shown to play roles in both proliferation and differentiation of novel target cells, the potential expression of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor (VDR) activity was investigated in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Receptor binding assays performed on nuclear extracts of BAEC revealed a single class of specific, high-affinity VDR that displayed a 4.5-fold increase in maximal ligand binding (Nmax) in rapidly proliferating BAEC compared with confluent, density-arrested cells. When confluent BAEC were incubated with activators of protein kinase C (PKC), Nmax increased 2.5-fold within 6-24 h and this upregulation was prevented by sphingosine, an inhibitor of PKC, as well as by actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Immunohistochemical visualization using a specific MAb disclosed nuclear localized VDR in venular and capillary endothelial cells of human skin biopsies, documenting the expression of VDR, in vivo, and validating the BAEC model. Finally, additional experiments indicated that BAEC formed the 1,25(OH)2D3 hormonal metabolite from 25(OH)D3 substrate, in vitro, and growth curves of BAEC maintained in the presence of 10(-8) M 1,25(OH)2D3 showed a 36% decrease in saturation density. These data provide evidence for the presence of a vitamin D microendocrine system in endothelial cells, consisting of the VDR and a 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme capable of producing 1,25(OH)2D3. That both components of this system are coordinately regulated, and that BAEC respond to the 1,25(OH)2D3 hormone by modulating growth kinetics, suggests the existence of a vitamin D autocrine loop in endothelium that may play a role in the development and/or functions of this pathophysiologically significant cell population.
Efficient isolation and propagation of human immunodeficiency virus on recombinant colony-stimulating factor 1-treated monocytes.
Authors: H E Gendelman, J M Orenstein, M A Martin, C Ferrua, R Mitra, T Phipps, L A Wahl, H C Lane, A S Fauci, D S Burke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Monocytes were maintained in tissue culture for greater than 3 mo in media supplemented with rCSF-1. These cultures provided susceptible target cells for isolation and propagation of virus from PBMC of HIV-infected patients. HIV isolated into monocytes readily infected other rCSF-1-treated monocytes but only inefficiently infected PHA-stimulated lymphoblasts. Similarly, laboratory HIV strains passaged in T cell lines or virus isolated from patients' leukocytes into PHA-stimulated lymphoblasts inefficiently infected rCSF-1-treated monocytes. Persistent, low-level virion production was detected in macrophage culture fluids by reverse transcriptase activity or HIV antigen capture through 6-7 wk. Marked changes in cell morphology with cell death, syncytia, and giant cell formation were observed in monocyte cultures 2 wk after infection, but at 4-6 wk, all cells appeared morphologically normal. However, the frequency of infected cells in these cultures at 6 wk was 60-90% as quantified by in situ hybridization with HIV RNA probes or by immunofluorescence with AIDS patients' sera. Ultrastructural analysis by EM also showed a high frequency of infected cells; virtually all HIV budded into and accumulated within cytoplasmic vacuoles and virus particles were only infrequently associated with the plasma membrane. Retention of virus within macrophages and the macrophage tropism of HIV variants may explain mechanisms of both virus persistence and dissemination during disease.