tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Induced ventricular arrhythmias in regionally dernervated porcine heart with healed myocardial infarction
Authors: J. Cinca, F. Worner, A. Bardaji, A. Salas-Caudevilla, J Soler-Soler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Study objective — The aim was to test the hypothesis that chronic sympathetic denervation of the boundaries of a healed myocardial infarction may modify the arrhythmogenic response to programmed electrical stimulation. Design — Electrical induction of ventricular arrhythmias and infarct size were evaluated in a control group of pigs with a one month old myocardial infarction induced by ligature of the left anterior descending coronary artery below the first diagonal branch. These were compared with a group of similarly infarcted pigs subjected to regional denervation of the peri-infarction area induced by topical pericoronary application of phenol. Denervation was verified by the absence of adrenergic histofluorescent reaction to glyoxylic acid in myocardial samples. Experimental material — 24 pigs (weight 15-20 kg) with myocardial infarction were studied, 13 of which were subjected to regional peri-infarction denervation, and 11 acted as controls. Measurements and main results — Programmed ventricular stimulation with one to four extxastimuli at 500 and 400 ms basic cycle length at the left and right ventricles induced fewer episodes of ventricular fibrillation in the denervated than in the non-denervated group (five episodes in three pigs ν 14 in nine pigs, p<0.005), but more episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia (79 in eight pigs ν 23 in two, p<0.001). Unlike fibrillation, induction of ventricular tachycardia increased with multiple extrastimuli and with short basic cycle length. The denervated preparations tended to develop smaller infarcts but this difference was not statistically significant: infarct weight (g) relative to total ventricular mass (g) = 7.2 (SD 2.4)% ν 10.5(4.5)%. Conclusions — Neural integrity of the non-ischaemic myocardium bordering a healed infarction modulates inducibility of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation during programmed ventricular stimulation.
Adenosine triphosphate turnover in humans. Decreased degradation during relative hyperphosphatemia.
Authors: M A Johnson, K Tekkanat, S P Schmaltz, I H Fox
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The regulation of ATP metabolism by inorganic phosphate (Pi) was examined in five normal volunteers through measurements of ATP degradation during relative Pi depletion and repletion states. Relative Pi depletion was achieved through dietary restriction and phosphate binders, whereas a Pi-repleted state was produced by oral Pi supplementation. ATP was radioactively labeled by the infusion of [8(14)C]adenine. Fructose infusion was used to produce rapid ATP degradation during Pi depletion and repletion states. Baseline measurements indicated a significant decrease of Pi levels during phosphate depletion and no change in serum or urinary purines. Serum values of Pi declined 20 to 26% within 15 min after fructose infusion in all states. Urine measurements of ATP degradation products showed an eightfold increase within 15 min after fructose infusion in both Pi-depleted and -supplemented states. Urinary radioactive ATP degradation products were fourfold higher and urinary purine specific activity was more than threefold higher during Pi depletion as compared with Pi repletion. Our data indicate that there is decreased ATP degradation to purine end products during a relative phosphate repletion state as compared to a relative phosphate depletion state. These data show that ATP metabolism can be altered through manipulation of the relative Pi state in humans.
The three R’s of lung health and disease: repair, remodeling, and regeneration
Authors: Michael F. Beers, Edward E. Morrisey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

All tissues and organs can be classified according to their ability to repair and regenerate during adult homeostasis and after injury. Some exhibit a high rate of constant cell turnover, while others, such as the lung, exhibit only low-level cell regeneration during normal adult homeostasis but have the ability to rapidly regenerate new cells after injury. Lung regeneration likely involves both activation of progenitor cells as well as cell replacement through proliferation of remaining undamaged cells. The pathways and factors that control this process and its role in disease are only now being explored. In this Review, we will discuss the connection between pathways required for lung development and how the lung responds to injury and disease, with a particular emphasis on recent studies describing the role for the epithelium in repair and regeneration.
ADDRESS IN STATE MEDICINE.
Authors: DEERING J. ROBERTS
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read to the American Medical Association, May, 1884. Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Association: The Section of State Medicine, as many of you are doubtless aware, was established and thoroughly organized at the twenty-fifth annual meeting of the Association, at Detroit, in 1874, and has been presided over by some of the ablest, most learned, and illustrious members of this Association. In accepting the chairmanship one year ago, it was with no inconsiderable degree of apprehension and doubt as to my ability to properly discharge one of the duties of the position, and to place before you an address worthy the attention of those who have listened with pleasure and benefit to such men as Bowditch, of Boston; Kedzie, of Michigan; Cabell, of Virginia; Hunt, of New Jersey; and others whose names have been heralded far and wide, at home and abroad, as active, earnest, and able workers in
Half the cases of bacteraemia in hospitals in England are linked to devices
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The incidence of device related bacteraemia in teaching hospitals is more than twice that in other hospitals in England, and central lines are the most common source, a new study has found. The incidence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was also found to be higher in teaching hospitals.

Surveillance targeted at devices is the most efficient strategy for dealing with the problem, say the authors, from the Public Health Laboratory Service ( Journal of Hospital Infection 2003:53:46-57).

In the study, the authors analysed data from …
Long-term lamivudine therapy for children with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Etienne M. Sokal, Deirdre A. Kelly, Jacek Mizerski, Isabel B. Badia, Jorge A. Areias, Kathleen B. Schwarz, Angela Vegnente, Nancy R. Little, Stephen D. Gardener, Maureen M. Jonas
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

One year of lamivudine treatment results in increased hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion and serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA negativity in children with chronic hepatitis B and high serum alanine aminotransferase concentrations. Two hundred seventy-six children who participated in a 1-year randomized, placebo-controlled study of lamivudine were enrolled in a 24-month, open-label extension. Patients were stratified into two groups based on HBeAg status at week 48 of the previous study: 213 HBeAg-positive children were entered into a treatment arm, and 63 HBeAg-negative children were entered into an observation arm to evaluate durability of HBeAg loss. In the treatment arm, 28 of 133 (21%) children previously treated with lamivudine and 23 of 77 (30%) children who previously received placebo achieved the primary end point: virological response (VR) (HBeAg loss and HBV DNA negativity) at month 24. The incidence of YMDD (tyrosine, methionine, aspartate, aspartate) mutations at month 24 was 64% (66/103) in the children previously treated with lamivudine and 49% (34/70) in those previously treated with placebo. The incidence of VR at month 24 was 5% (5/100) for patients with YMDD mutant HBV and 54% (39/72) for patients without. The durability of response in the observation arm was 89% (48/54) at month 24. In conclusion, further clinical response was seen over the 24-month open-label study period in children who had not initially achieved a VR after 12 months of lamivudine treatment. However, the incidence of YMMD mutations increased over time and resulted in lower response rates. VR was maintained in most patients who had initially responded to lamivudine in the first 12 months.
Predicting risk of upper gastrointestinal bleed and intracranial bleed with anticoagulants: cohort study to derive and validate the QBleed scores
Authors: J. Hippisley-Cox, C. Coupland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To develop and validate risk algorithms (QBleed) for estimating the absolute risk of upper gastrointestinal and intracranial bleed for patients with and without anticoagulation aged 21-99 years in primary care. <b>Design</b> Open cohort study using routinely collected data from general practice linked to hospital episode statistics data and mortality data during the five year study period between 1 January 2008 and 1 October 2013. <b>Setting</b> 565 general practices in England contributing to the national QResearch database to develop the algorithm and 188 different QResearch practices to validate the algorithm. All 753 general practices had data linked to hospital episode statistics and mortality data at individual patient level. <b>Endpoint</b> Gastrointestinal bleed and intracranial bleed recorded on either the linked mortality data or the linked hospital records. <b>Participants</b> We studied 4.4 million patients in the derivation cohort with 16.4 million person years of follow-up. During follow-up, 21 641 patients had an incident upper gastrointestinal bleed and 9040 had an intracranial bleed. For the validation cohort, we identified 1.4 million patients contributing over 4.9 million person years of follow-up. During follow-up, 6600 patients had an incident gastrointestinal bleed and 2820 had an intracranial bleed. We excluded patients without a valid Townsend score for deprivation and those prescribed anticoagulants in the 180 days before study entry. <b>Risk factors</b> Candidate variables recorded on the general practice computer system before entry to the cohort, including personal variables (age, sex, Townsend deprivation score, ethnicity), lifestyle variables (smoking, alcohol intake), chronic diseases, prescribed drugs, clinical values (body mass index, systolic blood pressure), and laboratory test results (haemoglobin, platelets). We also included previous bleed recorded before entry to the study. <b>Results</b> The final QBleed algorithms incorporated 21 variables. When applied to the validation cohort, the algorithms in women explained 40% of the variation for upper gastrointestinal bleed and 58% for intracranial bleed. The corresponding D statistics were 1.67 and 2.42. The receiver operating curve statistic values were 0.77 and 0.86. The sensitivity values for the top 10th of men and women at highest risk were 38% and 51%, respectively. There were similar results for men. <b>Conclusion</b> The QBleed algorithms provided valid measures of absolute risk of gastrointestinal and intracranial bleed in patients with and without anticoagulation as shown by the performance of the algorithms in a separate validation cohort. Further research is needed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and the cost effectiveness of using these algorithms in primary care.
Use of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: We Are Talking Prevalence Rates
Authors: Elena M. Kouri
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with interest the recent article of Yesalis and colleagues<sup>1</sup>that found, on the basis of household survey data, that more than 300 000 Americans had used anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) during the year prior to the survey. We used these figures to estimate the total amount of money spent illicitly on steroids in the United States on a yearly basis. We performed this calculation with data from a recent interview study of 88 AAS users that we conducted over the past 3 years.<sup>2</sup>In the study, 64 of these 88 users reported at least some AAS use during the year prior to interview. We calculated the total amount of each AAS that these subjects reported they had purchased during the prior year, and then estimated current street prices of each AAS using "underground" steroid guides,<sup>3,4</sup>updated with information on current street prices of
Functional characterization of the crista terminalis in patients with atrial flutter: implications for radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Tu-Ying Liu, Ching-Tai Tai, Bien-Hsien Huang, Satoshi Higa, Yenn-Jiang Lin, Jin-Long Huang, Yoga Yuniadi, Pi-Chang Lee, Yu-An Ding, Shih-Ann Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Telomere Dysfunction and DNA-PKcs Deficiency: Characterization and Consequence
Authors: Eli S. Williams, Rebekah Klingler, Brian Ponnaiya, Tanja Hardt, Evelin Schrock, Susan P. Lees-Miller, Katheryn Meek, Robert L. Ullrich, Susan M. Bailey
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The mechanisms by which cells accurately distinguish between DNA double-strand break (DSB) ends and telomeric DNA ends remain poorly defined. Recent investigations have revealed intriguing interactions between DNA repair and telomeres. We were the first to report a requirement for the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) protein DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) in the effective end-capping of mammalian telomeres. Here, we report our continued characterization of uncapped (as opposed to shortened) dysfunctional telomeres in cells deficient for the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK (DNA-PKcs) and shed light on their consequence. We present evidence in support of our model that uncapped telomeres in this repair-deficient background are inappropriately detected and processed as DSBs and thus participate not only in spontaneous telomere-telomere fusion but, importantly, also in ionizing radiation-induced telomere-DSB fusion events. We show that phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs itself (Thr-2609 cluster) is a critical event for proper telomere end-processing and that ligase IV (NHEJ) is required for uncapped telomere fusion. We also find uncapped telomeres in cells from the BALB/c mouse, which harbors two single-nucleotide polymorphisms that result in reduced DNA-PKcs abundance and activity, most markedly in mammary tissue, and are both radiosensitive and susceptible to radiogenic mammary cancer. Our results suggest mechanistic links between uncapped/dysfunctional telomeres in DNA-PKcs-deficient backgrounds, radiation-induced instability, and breast cancer. These studies provide the first direct evidence of genetic susceptibility and environmental insult interactions leading to a unique and ongoing form of genomic instability capable of driving carcinogenesis.
Surgery of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Oliver H. Beahrs
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<i>Surgery of the Parotid Gland</i>presents an orderly review of the anatomy and pathology of the parotid gland and describes the important etiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of diseases of the parotid gland. The objective of this lucidly written and well-illustrated volume—dissipation of some of the confusion and chaos on the subject—is commendable for this subject receives scant attention in most popular textbooks on surgery. The text material is based on the authors' experience in treating 600 cases of tumors and other abnormalities of the parotid gland. Appropriate emphasis is given to the pitfalls that may be encountered in dealing with the facial nerve; somewhat lengthy descriptions of methods of reconstruction are given. They recommend identification of a branch of the facial nerve (marginalis) as the approach to parotidectomy and emphasize the use of a stimulator as an aid in the dissection. This is contrary to the thoughts of others
Effect of chloride channel blockers on the cardiac CFTR chloride and L-type calcium currents
Authors: K Walsh
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Cl− channel blockers on the cardiac cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl− current (ICl) and the protein kinase A-regulated L-type calcium current (PKA-ICa). Methods: Whole-cell ICl and ZCa were recorded from isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes using the patch clamp technique during stimulation of PKA by forskolin (1 or 2 μM). Results: The inhibitory effects of clofibric acid, p-chlorophenoxy propionic acid, gemfibrozil, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), anthracene-9-carboxylate, 4,4′dinitrostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid and indanyloxyacetic acid 94 were examined on the two currents. Clofibric acid (1 mM), p-chlorophenoxy propionic acid (1 mM) and gemfibrozil (250 μM) produced an approximate 50% decrease in ICl, but had no effect on the PKA-ICa. Surprisingly, application of DPC (500 μM and 1 mM) and anthracene-9-carboxylate (500 μM) strongly reduced both currents. However, inhibition of the Ca2+ and Cl− channels by DPC could be differentiated in two important ways. First, increasing the pH of the external solution from 7.4 to 10.0 prevented the block of ICl by DPC, but did not attenuate the reduction in the PKA-ICa. Second, DPC inhibited the PKA-ICa in mouse atrial myocytes which lacked ICl. Neither 4,4′dinitrostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (100 μM) nor indanyloxyacetic acid 94 (50 μM) caused any change in either of the guinea pig ventricular currents. Conclusions: Drugs such as DPC and anthracene-9-carboxylate which block the cardiac CFTR Cl− channel also inhibit the regulation of the L-type ICa. During β-adrenergic stimulation, changes produced by these drugs on the cardiac action potential duration will be attributable to inhibition of both the Cl− and Ca2+ currents. Analogues of clofibric acid may serve as selective blockers of the CFTR Cl− channel that can be used to determine the physiological function of ICl in cardiac excitation.
Extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase signaling pathway negatively regulates the phenotypic and functional maturation of monocyte-derived human dendritic cells
Authors: Amaya Puig-Kröger, Miguel Relloso, Oskar Fernández-Capetillo, Ana Zubiaga, Augusto Silva, Carmelo Bernabéu, Angel L. Corbı́
Journal: Blood (2001)
Diagnosis: V65.5
Authors: Aida Yared
Journal: JAMA (1992)

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THREE ACUTE ABDOMINAL CASES
Authors: J. L. Stretton
Journal: BMJ (1920)

0 A .I7, I9FDCLJORA ImIore time and care.]A transplant of the fascia lata was cult''I in.longer thian the gap wlhich was to be bridged, and sufficiently broad to allow of its being rolled into a tube.It was laid beneathl tlhe ends of the tendon, to which it was careftlly sutured witlh fine catgut.and the sides of the transplant were then wrapped round the tendon ends, and so lield by further suLtures that it had the appearance of a rolled cigarette, witlh the remains of tlle tendon at either e-mid resembling the tobacco.In this case a skin covering could not be provided, anid the area lhad to be covered by a ledicled flap cut from the thligh.The pedicle was divided at the end of a fortnighit, and a week later the patient was aillowed to make a little movement, but this was not e(couraged until six weeks following operation.Tl'he *i*efulness of the finger was completely restored.
PWE-195 Outcomes of Nutritional Assessment and Gastrostomy in Patients with Motor Neurone Disease (MND): A 4 Year Experience: Abstract PWE-195 Table 1 showing mortality by year
Authors: T Gledhill, V Lekharaju, P Bliss
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Motor neurone disease (MND) is a fatal, progressive, neurodegenerative disease with a median survival from onset of symptoms of 4.32 years. No controlled trials indicate a benefit, although current guidelines recommend gastrostomy tube placement when dysphagia or weight loss occurs. Changes in our local practise occurred in 2011 in order to reduce time to referral, we assessed the outcome. <h3>Methods</h3> We reviewed records of all patients referred with MND to the nutrition team and analysed their outcomes including nutritional assessment, decision for gastrostomy, type and survival. <h3>Results</h3> Since 2009, 76 patients were referred for nutritional assessment in MND. Nine were excluded (5 not reviewed; 4 re-referred). Baseline data: male 62.5%; mean age at diagnosis 63.9 years; mean body mass index (BMI) at referral 23.1kg/m<sup>2</sup>; 75% had lost weight at review with mean weight loss of 17%. Non invasive ventilation (NIV) was used in 54% of patients. Forty-four patients (66%) consented to gastrostomy tube insertion. Ten patients (15%) declined and 13% of patients were not appropriate as MND was too advanced. In four patients (6%) tube placement was not yet indicated. Over 66% of patients had a radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) tube and remainder a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube. Patients had PEG placement if they had normal respiratory function (overnight oximetry, vital capacity and no NIV). Placement was unsuccessful in 3 patients (RIG 2; PEG 1); 2 had jejunostomy and one (RIG) declined further intervention. Five patients had complications; two (RIG) had pneumoperitoneum (managed conservatively); two had chest infections (RIG 1, PEG 1) and one had a site infection. 30-day (%) mortality as follows: no tube placed, 39; patient declined, 30; too unwell, 66; not yet indicated, 0. 1-year mortality (%) as follows: no tube placed, 74; patient declined, 70; too unwell, 78; not yet indicated, 25. Overall mortality (%) in tube placement as follows: 30-day, 11; 1-year, 57 (RIG, 30-days, 10; 1-year, 68; PEG, 30-days, 13; 1-year, 43).<sup>*</sup> <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results show high short-term mortality in all patients referred for nutritional assessment with MND, demonstrating the advanced stage of disease as nutritional status deteriorates. Mortality is lower in the PEG group; a reflection of less respiratory comorbidity or disease stage? Patients are being referred at earlier stages in their disease; appropriately identifying patients who benefit may provide better outcomes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.