tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increase of hemoglobin A<sub>2</sub> in human immunodeficiency virus‐1‐infected patients treated with zidovudine
Authors: Jean‐Pierre Routy, Marc Monte, Raymond Beaulieu, Emil Toma, Line St‐Pierre, Marc Dumont
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract We observed increased hemoglobin A 2 (HbA 2 ) levels in an asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV 1 ) patient with no previous history of β‐thalassemia. He was treated only with zidovudine (AZT). In an attempt to understand this observation, a retrospective study was initiated to determine whether mean HbA 2 levels are higher in AZT‐treated patients than in subjects not receiving this drug and to assess if other hematologic alterations are associated with elevated HbA 2 . One hundred fifty‐one HIV‐positive cases were investigated; AZT was administered to 81 of them. The mean value of HbA 2 was 0.032 (SD ±0.005) for the treated group vs. 0.027 (SD ±0.004) for the controls. This difference was highly significant ( P &lt; 0.001). Twenty‐four patients (31%) in the treated group had elevated HbA 2 levels vs. none in the controls. Bone marrow toxicity seemed to be more significant in patients with heightened HbA 2 values, and HbA 2 levels did not increase with CDC clinical stage. We conclude that AZT may be linked to high HbA 2 levels in some patients.
Anxiety Disorders in Cancer Patients: Their Nature, Associations, and Relation to Quality of Life
Authors: D. Stark, M. Kiely, A. Smith, G. Velikova, A. House, P. Selby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: We aimed to estimate the prevalence and types of anxiety disorders diagnosed according to standardized criteria in cancer patients, to compare screening tools in detecting them, and to examine their demographic, oncologic, and psychosocial associations. METHODS: In this cross-sectional observational study of 178 subjects with lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, or plasma cell dyscrasia, we related responses to questionnaires (administered by computer touch-screen) measuring psychological symptoms, quality of life (QOL), and social support to standardized psychiatric interviews and cancer management. RESULTS: Forty-eight percent of subjects reported sufficient anxiety for anxiety disorder to be considered. At subsequent diagnostic interview, 18% fulfilled International Classification of Disorders, 10th Revision criteria for anxiety disorder, including 6% of patients who reported low levels of anxiety by questionnaire. When subjects reported anxiety by questionnaire, if disruptive somatic anxiety was present, this increased the probability of diagnosable anxiety disorder from .31 to .7. The most accurate screening questionnaires were the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Female sex and negative aspects of social support were associated with anxiety disorder in multivariate analyses. Anxiety disorder was independently associated with a deficit in QOL, particularly insomnia. CONCLUSION: Anxiety symptoms are common in cancer patients. Screening by questionnaire seems to assess anxiety symptoms adequately but discriminates abnormal anxiety inadequately. To improve this, we may need to use criteria such as disruption from anxiety, as illustrated by the impact of anxiety disorders on QOL. There seem to be few oncologic variables that could target screening for anxiety disorders.
New mechanism of X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency: impairment of ubiquitin binding despite normal folding of NEMO protein
Authors: Marjorie Hubeau, Flora Ngadjeua, Anne Puel, Laura Israel, Jacqueline Feinberg, Maya Chrabieh, Kiran Belani, Christine Bodemer, Isabelle Fabre, Alessandro Plebani, Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis, Capucine Picard, Alain Fischer, Alain Israel, Laurent Abel, Michel Veron, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Fabrice Agou, Jacinta Bustamante
Journal: Blood (2011)
CaMKII regulates retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activity and the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Jutong Si, LeMoyne Mueller, Steven J. Collins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor family and regulate the proliferation and differentiation of multiple different cell types, including promyelocytic leukemia cells. Here we describe a biochemical/functional interaction between the Ca2+/calmodulin–dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) and RARs that modulates the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. We observe that CaMKIIγ is the CaMK that is predominantly expressed in myeloid cells. CaMKII inhibits RAR transcriptional activity, and this enzyme directly interacts with RAR through a CaMKII LxxLL binding motif. CaMKIIγ phosphorylates RARα both in vitro and in vivo, and this phosphorylation inhibits RARα activity by enhancing its interaction with transcriptional corepressors. In myeloid cell lines, CaMKIIγ localizes to RAR target sites within myeloid gene promoters but dissociates from the promoter upon retinoic acid–induced myeloid cell differentiation. KN62, a pharmacological inhibitor of the CaMKs, enhances the terminal differentiation of myeloid leukemia cell lines, and this is associated with a reduction in activated (autophosphorylated) CaMKII in the terminally differentiating cells. These observations reveal a significant cross-talk between Ca2+ and retinoic acid signaling pathways that regulates the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells, and they suggest that CaMKIIγ may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of certain human myeloid leukemias.
Rising emergency admissions
Authors: J. Weil, M. Langman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--The King's Fund and NHS Trust Federation's recent report on the rise in emergency medical admissions over the past three years rightly rejects demographic change as an explanation for short term variation in such admissions.1 The current upsurge in admissions, however, is occurring against the background of a gradual long term increase, which could well be …
Prevalence and impact of arthritis among nursing home residents
Authors: J E Abell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To determine the prevalence, characteristics, and impact of arthritis in the US nursing home population.A national cross sectional sample of US nursing homes (8138 sampled residents in 1406 nursing homes) from the 1997 National Nursing Home Survey provided demographic and functional characteristics for residents with primary arthritis, any arthritis, or no arthritis diagnosis at admission.Of the estimated 1.6 million current nursing home residents in 1997, only 43,000 (3%) had a primary and 300,000 (19%) had any arthritis diagnosis at admission. People with a primary or any arthritis diagnosis received physical/occupational therapy, used wheelchairs and walking aids, and needed assistance with walking and transferring more often than those with no arthritis diagnosis.These national estimates suggest that arthritis is underreported in nursing home residents. Because arthritis contributes to an increased physical burden on staff and decreased functional capability of residents, both staff and residents can benefit from better diagnosis, intervention, and education.
Abstract 2878: Targeting the CXCL5-CXCR2-CREB signaling axis suppresses growth, survival, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Hee Sun Park, Jong Woo Lee, Pierre Saintigny, Jonathan M. Kurie, Roy S. Herbst, Jaseok Peter Koo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The role of chemokines and chemokine receptors has been evolving in cancer. Besides their functions in the immune system, they also play a critical role in tumor initiation, promotion and progression. Since the tumor microenvironment play a critical role in cancer development and progression, the immune components of the tumor microenvironment have gained attention in the recent decades for its critical role in tumorigenesis and tumor control. Recent studies have clearly demonstrated the importance of CXCR2 in the development of lung cancer. Our recent studies showed that CXCR2 expression in tumor cells was associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (n=262). Analysis of gene expression profiles from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Director's Challenge Cohort of in lung adenocarcinoma patients (n=442) revealed that overexpression of CXCR2 ligands and CXCR2 genes was clustered together in approximately 25% of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Expression of CXCR2 and its associated ligand gene cluster in tumor cells was associated with poor prognosis, smoking status, and poor histologic differentiation. Furthermore, CXCL5 was involved as an potent angiogenic factor in NSCLC. The objective of the current study was to establish the role of the CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in tumor growth and invasion and to determine its related molecular mechanisms. In the study, CXCL5 activated the CREB transcription factor via the pERK1/2-p90Rsk-pCREB signaling pathway. In addition, inhibitors of CXCR2 and downstream signal transduction molecules blocked the activation of pERK1/2-pRsk-pCREB signaling molecules. Blockade of the CXCR2 receptor, CXCR2-dependent signal molecules, or CREB resulted in suppression of NSCLC cell growth, survival and invasion. These results suggest that the CXCL5-CXCR2-CREB signaling axis may be a source of potential therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma. . Citation Format: Hee Sun Park, Jong Woo Lee, Pierre Saintigny, Jonathan M. Kurie, Roy S. Herbst, Jaseok Peter Koo. Targeting the CXCL5-CXCR2-CREB signaling axis suppresses growth, survival, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2878. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2878
Identification of Cryptic MHC I–restricted Epitopes Encoded by HIV-1 Alternative Reading Frames
Authors: Sylvain Cardinaud, Arnaud Moris, Michèle Février, Pierre-Simon Rohrlich, Laurence Weiss, Pierre Langlade-Demoyen, François A. Lemonnier, Olivier Schwartz, André Habel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I–restricted epitopes are widely believed to be derived from viral proteins encoded by primary open reading frames. However, the HIV-1 genome contains alternative reading frames (ARFs) potentially encoding small polypeptides. We have identified a panel of epitopes encoded by ARFs within the gag, pol, and env genes. The corresponding epitopic peptides were immunogenic in mice humanized for MHC-I molecules. In addition, cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognizing these epitopes were found in HIV-infected patients. These results reveal the existence of atypical mechanisms of HIV-1 epitope generation. They indicate that the repertoire of epitopes recognized by the cellular anti–HIV-1 immune response is broader than initially thought. This should be taken into account when designing vaccine strategies aimed at activating these responses.
Distribution of the carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I, II, and VI in the human alimentary tract.
Authors: S Parkkila, A K Parkkila, T Juvonen, H Rajaniemi
Journal: Gut (1994)

The distribution of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I, II, and VI was studied in the human alimentary tract using specific antibodies to human isoenzymes in conjunction with the immunoperoxidase technique to elucidate the physiological role and possible functional interplay of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) in alimentary canal functions. From the isoenzymes studied, CA II was found to be the most widely distributed in the various epithelia throughout the alimentary canal. In addition to the acinar cells of the parotid and submandibular glands and the duodenal Brunner's glands, it was present in the mucosal epithelium of the oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, and colon. The epithelial cells of the hepatic bile ducts, gall bladder, and pancreatic ducts also contained CA II in abundance. In contrast, CA VI was present only in the serous acinar and ductal cells of the parotid and submandibular glands, and CA I in the mucosal epithelium of the colon and the A cells of the pancreatic Langerhans's islets. These results suggest that CA II as a widely distributed isoenzyme in the epithelia of the alimentary canal and CA VI as secreted into saliva, may form a mutually complementary system protecting oesophageal, gastric, and intestinal mucosa from acidity.
Results of Treatment with the Endoscope Dilator in 11 Patients with Achalasia of the Esophagus
Authors: E. Frimberger, W. Kühner, H. Kunert, R. Ottenjann
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

The conservative treatment of achalasia of the esophagus with balloon or mechanical dilators may be difficult, or even impossible, it the esophagus in an advanced illness is so tortuous (sigmoid esophagus) that the dilator cannot be placed in the cardia. An endoscope dilator with the aid of which dilation is readily possible even in such cases, has been developed by various individuals. Our own experience and the results obtained in 11 patients with esophageal achalasia treated with the endoscope dilator, are presented. The particular advantages of this method of treatment are simple, low-risk placement of the balloon in the cardia before and during dilation, and the possibility of inspecting the cardia for complications immediately after dilation.
Study of purine metabolism in a xanthinuric female
Authors: Michael J. Bradford, Irwin H. Krakoff, Robert Leeper, M. Earl Balis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

A case of xanthinuria is briefly described, and the results of in vivo studies with (14)C-labeled oxypurines are discussed. The data demonstrate that the rate of the turnover of uric acid is normal, despite an extremely small uric acid pool. Xanthine and hypoxanthine pools were measured and their metabolism evaluated. The bulk of the daily pool of 276 mg of xanthine, but only 6% of the 960 mg of hypoxanthine, is excreted. Thus, xanthine appears to be a metabolic end product, whereas hypoxanthine is an active intermediate. Biochemical implications of this finding are discussed.
Organ donation--valid consent.
Authors: S Selwyn-Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1971)

epithelial elements as the result of drug metabolite toxicity rather than as malignant change.Cyclophosphamide, in common with other cytotoxic agents, can under experimental conditions produce malignant change in laboratory animals.However, it is not one of those that has been known to produce malignancy in humans treated with cytotoxic drugs for non-malignant disease or for sup- pression of homograft rejection.However, one case of a second malignancy (myeloblastic leukaemia) occurring in a patient on long-term cyclophosphamide for a first malignancy (of the ovary) has been reported,3 and though this hazard may be less with cyclophosphamide than with certain other cytotoxic drugs, it should be borne in mind.-I am, etc.,
Impairments in Endocannabinoid Signaling and Depressive Illness
Authors: Matthew N. Hill
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CLINICAL UTILITY OF A BAYESEAN DEBLURRING ALGORITHM FOR NUCLEAR IMAGING
Authors: D. A. Ortendahl, R. S. Hattner, D. Faulkner, E. Botvinick, L. Kircos, B. Engelstad, J. W. O??Connell
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Ortendahl, D. A.; Hattner, R. S.; Faulkner, D.; Botvinick, E.; Kircos, L.; Engelstad, B.; O'Connell, J. W. Author Information
Abstract P5-03-12: Prognostic role of stem cell markers in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)
Authors: J Song, S Apple, L Goodglick, VH Mah, SR Kim, MT Alavi, D Chia, X Deng, HR Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is among the most aggressive types of breast cancer with frequent recurrence and death despite chemotherapy. Studies have shown that cancer stem cells play a key role in many of the drug resistant cancers including TNBC. In this study, we report the expressions of four stem cell markers in 158 TNBC tumors. Design: Clinicopathological data were obtained from 158 triple negative breast cancers between 2002 and 2010. Tissue microarray was constructed and immunohistochemistry stains (IHC) for CD44 and CD24, CD 133 and ALDH1 were performed using the streptavidin-biotin method. Each set of TNBC consists of normal, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive areas for assessment of IHC stains. Statistical analysis was done on the following parameters: Histological types, modified Bloom and Richardson grades, lymph-vascular invasion, lymph node status, tumor size, Ki67, presence of lymphocytic host response, age &amp;gt;50 or &amp;lt;50, BRCA status, prognosis (recurrence and death) and chemotherapeutic response. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: the mean age of this cohort of TNBC patients was 55 with 64% white, 13.2% black, 12.6% Asian/Pacific, 3.8% Hispanic/Latino and 1.9% other. The majority of these tumors (82.3%) were grade 3, 15.2% were grade 2, and less than 1% was grade 1. CD24, CD44 and CD133 expressions were significantly higher in TNBC than in normal breast tissues (p = 5.53 e-10, p = 1.14 e-11, p = 2.25 e-08 respectively). While both CD24 and CD133 expressions predicted poor survival (p = 0.073 and p = 0.043 respectively), neither was associated with recurrence. In contrast to CD24, CD44 and CD133 expressions, ALDH-1 expression was rare in TNBC and surrounding normal tissues. When expressed, ALDH-1 was associated with poor survival but cases were too few to reach significance. None of the four stem cell markers studied were associated with any of the conventional histopathologic features and BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Conclusions: Our study suggests that stem cell marker(s) may be prognostically important in TNBC patients. When it is fully characterized it may provide new insight in developing effective therapeutic strategies targeting stem cell related signaling pathways. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-03-12.
P2-12-24: Resumption or Persistence of Menstruation after Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Is a Poor Prognostic Factor for Disease Free Survival in Premenopausal Patients with Early Breast Cancer.
Authors: IH Park, H-S Han, KS Lee, HS Kang, S Lee, SW Kim, SY Jung, KH Shin, J Ro
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background : We investigated the relationship between resumption or persistence of menstruation after chemotherapy and disease free survival (DFS) in premenopausal patients with early breast cancer. Patients and methods : A total of 843 patients diagnosed with a stage I to III breast cancer between March 2001 and December 2006 were included in this study. All patients received cytotoxic chemotherapy after surgery; 411 (48.8%) with anthracycline based, 416 (49.3%) with anthracycline and taxane containing, and 16 (1.9%) with other regimens. We reviewed the medical records with a long term follow-up. Results : The median age of patients was 41 years (range, 21–54 years) and the median follow-up duration was 6.2 years (range, 0.7−10.4 years). Of all, 632 (75%) patients were hormone receptor (HR) positive who received tamoxifen therapy upon completion of chemotherapy. The chemotherapy induced amenorrhea (CIA) rate was 78.1% (n=658) and 52.4% (n= 442) experienced the resumption of period during the long term follow-up. One hundred two (12.1%) patients had persistent menstruation without CIA. The disease free survival (DFS) was significantly affected by the younger age (≤ 35 years) (HR=1.58, [95% CI, 1.10−2.70], P=0.014), advanced stage (stage 3) (HR=4.45, [95% CI, 3.17−6.25], P&amp;lt;0.001), HR negativity (HR=2.21, [95% CI, 1.57−3.12], P&amp;lt;0.001), HER2 positivity (HR=1.56, [95% CI, 1.04−2.34], P=0.032), and the resumption or persistent period (HR=2.03, [95% CI, 1.42−2.91], P&amp;lt;0.001). HR negativity (HR=2.03, [95% CI, 1.43−2.90], P&amp;lt;0.001), advanced stage (HR=4.40, [95% CI, 3.12−6.21], P&amp;lt;0.001), and the resumed or persistent period (HR=1.85, [95% CI, 1.24−2.77], P=0.002) were remained significant factors for DFS on multivariate analysis. Conclusions : A considerable proportion of premenopausal patients treated by chemotherapy experienced resuming period after CIA. The resumption or persistence of menstruation was a poor prognostic factor for disease free survival in premenopausal patients with early breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-24.
A detailed proteomic analysis of rhodocytin-activated platelets reveals novel clues on the CLEC-2 signalosome: implications for CLEC-2 signaling regulation
Authors: Andrés F. Parguiña, Jana Alonso, Isaac Rosa, Paula Vélez, María J. González-López, Esteban Guitián, Johannes A. Eble, María I. Loza, Ángel García
Journal: Blood (2012)
Urologic Surgery in Neonates and Young Infants
Authors: George W. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The past decade has produced profound changes in pediatric urology. The advent of prenatal ultrasound has led to antenatal diagnosis and early treatment of many lesions. As so often occurs, pediatric urologists are faced with solving clinical problems without a complete database that will outline the natural history of the lesion and thereby guide therapy. This volume attempts to highlight areas of controversy produced by these incomplete databases and to provide further information for the practitioner. Cook and Stephens have provided a review of normal embryology as well as pathoembryology. Additionally, they expanded upon the role of deformation in the production of many of the abnormalities associated with urologic problems. The next two chapters deal with in utero ultrasonic detection of urologic abnormalities. In some ways, one might interpret these chapters as viewing the glass as either half empty or half full, respectively, with regard to fetal intervention. It is
A FATAL CASE OF DIABETIC COMA WITHOUT KETOSIS
Authors: BRACE W. PADDOCK
Journal: JAMA (1924)

R. C. N., a railroad fireman, aged 22, was brought to the House of Mercy Hospital with a story of having been well until three weeks before, when he had an attack of some acute infection, which was called grip and which lasted a few days. He did not feel well after this and was seen, February 15, by his family physician, who found sugar in his urine and discovered that he was drinking large amounts of water, passing large amounts of urine, and was eating hungrily. February 19, he vomited several times during the night. This was repeated the following day, and February 21, when the vomiting persisted. Drowsiness and deep breathing also being noted, the patient was brought to the hospital. The family and previous history were negative. The patient was fairly well nourished; the temperature was 96.5 F.; pulse, 90; blood pressure, systolic, 42; diastolic, 0. The