tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Self monitoring of blood glucose: the cost to patients
Authors: Monika M Safford, Louise B Russell
Journal: BMJ (2008)

We select the letters for these pages from the rapid responses posted on bmj.com favouring those received within five days of publication of the article to which they refer.Letters are thus an early selection of rapid responses on a particular topic.Readers should consult the website for the full list of responses and any authors' replies, which usually arrive after our selection.patricia de la rosa/stone/getty images screening for type 2 diabetes Screen women with gestational diabetes for type 2 diabetesOne way to reduce type 2 diabetes would be to target women with gestational diabetes. 1Maternity services are increasingly screening women and treating gestational diabetes, after the demonstration of significant perinatal benefits. 2 Within 10 years, 35-60% of women with gestational diabetes will develop type 2 diabetes. 3These women are an already identified high risk group.Their children are also more likely to be obese and share a genetic propensity to type 2 diabetes. 4 Following up women with gestational diabetes allows the targeting of two high risk people without additional screening.Many health service contacts are made in the first year of a child's life, therefore interventions may be easily delivered.Also, many women are receptive to health advice around the time of a birth when new lifestyle patterns are being established.Improved follow-up of these women with promotion of diet, exercise, and pharmacology, together with prolongation of breast feeding and subsequent healthy infant feeding is likely to be effective for mother, child, and the health service.
Stimulation of Paracrine Pathways With Growth Factors Enhances Embryonic Stem Cell Engraftment and Host-Specific Differentiation in the Heart After Ischemic Myocardial Injury
Authors: Theo Kofidis, Jorg L. de Bruin, Toshiyuki Yamane, Masashi Tanaka, Darren R. Lebl, Rutger-Jan Swijnenburg, Irving L. Weissman, Robert C. Robbins
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Growth factors play an essential role in organogenesis. We examine the potential of growth factors to enhance cell engraftment and differentiation and to promote functional improvement after transfer of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells into the injured heart.Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive embryonic stem cells derived from 129sv mice were injected into the ischemic area after left anterior descending artery ligation in allogenic (BALB/c) mice. Fifty nanograms of recombinant mouse vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF) was added to the cell suspension. Separate control groups were formed in which only the growth factors were given. Echocardiography was performed 2 weeks later to evaluate heart function (fractional shortening [FS]), end-diastolic diameter, and left ventricular wall thickness). Hearts were harvested for histology (connexin 43, alpha-sarcomeric actin, CD3, CD11c, major histocompatability complex class I, hematoxylin-eosin). Degree of restoration (GFP-positive graft/infarct area ratio), expression of cardiac markers, host response, and tumorigenicity were evaluated. Cell transfer resulted in improved cardiac function. TGF-beta led to better restorative effect and a stronger expression of connexin 43, alpha-sarcomeric actin, and major histocompatability complex class I. TGF-beta and FGF retained left ventricular diameter. FS was better in the TGF-beta, FGF, and embryonic stem cells-only group compared with left anterior descending artery-ligated controls. Growth factors with cells (TGF-beta, FGF) resulted in higher FS and smaller end-diastolic diameter than growth factors alone.Growth factors can promote in vivo organ-specific differentiation of early embryonic stem cells and improve myocardial function after cell transfer into an area of ischemic lesion. TGF-beta should be considered as an adjuvant for myocardial restoration with the use of embryonic stem cells.
Relation of C-Reactive Protein to Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Youth
Authors: Antoinette Moran, Lyn M. Steffen, David R. Jacobs, Julia Steinberger, James S. Pankow, Ching-Ping Hong, Russell P. Tracy, Alan R. Sinaiko
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—Insulin resistance and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are strongly correlated in adults. This study explored the relationship in youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Associations between CRP levels, cardiovascular risk, and insulin resistance measured by the euglycemic clamp were investigated in 342 healthy Minneapolis youth. RESULTS—There was no difference in mean CRP levels among boys (n = 189, CRP 1.10 ± 0.46 mg/l) and girls (n = 153, CRP 1.16 ± 0.63 mg/l; P = 0.32). There was also no difference between CRP and Tanner stage. CRP, adjusted for BMI, was significantly greater in black subjects compared with white subjects (P = 0.03). CRP was strongly related to adiposity in both girls and boys. CRP levels were related to fasting insulin levels (r = 0.16, P = 0.003) but this association was not significant after adjustment for BMI (r = 0.07, P = 0.21). Similarly, M, the euglycemic clamp measurement of insulin sensitivity, was significantly related to CRP levels (r = −0.13, P = 0.02) but not when M was normalized to lean body mass (Mlbm) (r = −0.10, P = 0.09). There was a significant inverse correlation between Mlbm and CRP quartiles, which disappeared after adjustment for BMI. There was no significant association between CRP levels and lipids, blood pressure, physical activity, or left ventricular mass. CONCLUSIONS—In contrast to adult subjects, after adjustment for adiposity, CRP levels in children age 10–16 years were not significantly associated with insulin resistance or with other factors comprising the metabolic syndrome. This is consistent with the concept that insulin resistance may precede the development of CRP elevation in the evolution of the metabolic syndrome.
A NEW PRINCIPLE IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: A. C. STRACHAUER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Craniotomy for brain tumor, with or without focal symptoms, not infrequently fails to disclose the neoplasm. The evidence of increased intracranial pressure will be manifest by various degrees of brain bulging, by a flattening out of the convolutions, by obliteration of the sulci and by diminished or absent brain pulsation. Inspection, palpation, and exploration by incision or aspirating needle all fail to locate or reveal the cause. The tumor may be so deep within the brain substances or at such a stage of development as to be inaccessible. The lesion may be an infiltrating glioma, which cannot be macroscopically differentiated from the normal brain, or the craniotomy may not have been formed at the proper site. The wound is closed, temporary benefit is conferred by the decompression, and in time the patient dies. Definite localizing information may develop after decompression in cases in which focal symptoms have been absent. In
Fatal Civil Aircraft Accidents: Their Medical and Pathological Investigation
Authors: Charles E. Billings
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Prepared originally as an MD thesis, this book summarizes the author's studies during eight years as chief of the Royal Air Force Aviation Pathology Unit (which provides medical support for all fatal aircraft accident investigations in Great Britain). Dr. Stevens has chosen to discuss accidents occurring in public transport, general aviation, and gliding (soaring) separately. He follows these sections with an excellent discussion of the fatal airliner accident as an example of mass disaster. In the latter section, identification of bodies is discussed at length. The bibliography includes 389 references. In his case studies, which comprise a major part of the text, Dr. Stevens has been careful to draw a clear line between medical findings probably incidental to accidents and those which may fairly be considered as contributing to accidents. While the number of accidents covered is small (24 airline, 42 light aircraft, and 14 glider), the very careful investigations
Ego function of morality and developing tensions that are “within”
Authors: Philippe Rochat, Erin Robbins
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract We applaud Baumard et al.'s mutualistic account of morality but detect circularity in their articulation of how morality emerged. Contra the authors, we propose that mutualism might account for a sensitivity to convention (the ways things are done within a group) rather than for a sense of fairness. An ontogenetic perspective better captures the complexity of what it means to be moral.
IN VITRO DIFFERENTIATION OF VIRULENT AND ATTENUATED POLIOVIRUSES BY THEIR GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS ON MS CELLS
Authors: Yukishige Kanda, Joseph L. Melnick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

The MS character of polio-virus particles is described. Strains that produced relatively large plaques, up to 6 mm. in diameter, on a monkey stable (MS) cell line, were classified as MS+. Such strains were found to include the highly virulent poliovirus strains. Attenuated strains appeared deficient in this gene, for they produced tiny plaques less than 1 mm. in size, or no visible plaques at all; they were considered as MS mutants. Strains of maximum neurovirulence for the monkey possessed the MS+ and d+ characters, while those of greatest attenuation were MS d. Strains possessing the MS d+ character showed high or intermediate attenuation. Virulent strains grew equally well in MS or primary monkey kidney (MK) cells. Attenuated strains gave lower titers in MS cultures than in MK cultures. While MS cells after infection with a virulent virus yielded about 100 to 200 PFU per cell, only one PFU per MS cell was detected after infection with an attenuated virus. A study of newly isolated Type 3 strains showed them to consist of the MS+d+ or MS d+ type. The MS+d+ virus proved to be highly paralytogenic for monkeys even by the intramuscular route, while the MS d+ virus was of the partially attenuated type. The study of in vitro characters of viruses from children fed attenuated poliovirus offers a possibility for following genetic changes of the viruses after multiplication in the human enteric tract.
Differential epitope mapping of antibodies to PDC-E2 in patients with hematologic malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Roberto Bellucci, Sabine Oertelt, Meagan Gallagher, Sigui Li, Emmanuel Zorn, Edie Weller, Fabrice Porcheray, Edwin P. Alyea, Robert J. Soiffer, Nikhil C. Munshi, M. Eric Gershwin, Jerome Ritz
Journal: Blood (2006)
High-Fiber Diets in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: PERLA M. MIRANDA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Eight patients with insulin-requiring diabetes were given, in random order, a diet containing 3 g and one containing 20 g of crude fiber. Each diet was maintained for 10 days and was the same in calories, carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Insulin dose was kept constant. Mean plasma glucose on the low-fiber diet was 169.4 ± 11.7 mg/dl, significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the value of 120.8 ± 10.1 on the high-fiber diet. Hypoglycemic reactions were more common on the high-fiber diet. Weight remained essentially constant on both diets. Mean serum glucagon level on the high-fiber diet was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than on the low-fiber diet, while serum free insulin levels were unchanged. These data indicate that substantial changes in fiber content of the diabetic diet may lead to marked changes in diabetic control and that increasing dietary fiber may be a useful means of lowering plasma glucose in some diabetic patients.
Review: ≤ 7 and &gt; 7 days of systemic corticosteroids do not differ for efficacy in COPD exacerbations
Authors: Paul Jones
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source CitationWalters JA, Tan DJ, White CJ, Wood-Baker R. Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;12:CD006897. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25491891/
IMPROVEMENT IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF AMNIOTIN
Authors: B. O. BARNES
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Houssay and Biasotti<sup>1</sup>clearly demonstrated that, if the hypophysis was previously removed, the glycosuria following complete pancreatectomy was markedly diminished. These animals with both glands removed excreted only from 0.05 to 0.89 Gm. of dextrose per kilogram a day, while controls with the pituitary intact excreted from 2 to 4 Gm. per kilogram after the pancreas was removed. Furthermore, the animals survived much longer than pancreatectomized animals. We confirmed some of these observations in an earlier report.<sup>2</sup>Although it would not seem desirable to remove the hypophysis for the treatment of diabetes, the possibility exists that the excretion of the gland might be suppressed and the diabetes improved. We shall report the details of an attempt to suppress the pituitary in pancreatectomized dogs.<sup>3</sup> Considerable evidence has appeared to indicate that administration of estrogenic substance may suppress the sex principle in the pituitary. It was our intention to
Postmortem evaluation of the use of diaphragmatic excursus in assessment of pulmonary emphysema in coal miners
Authors: H. I. McKenzie, K. G. Outhred, M. Glick
Journal: Thorax (1972)

In a series of 89 subjects (all coal miners or ex-coal miners) a high order of correlation has been found between diaphragmatic excursus measured within five years of death and the necropsy assessment of emphysema in the lungs. In the absence of other common factors that reduce the range of movement of the diaphragm, measurements of diaphragmatic excursus provide a statistical prediction of the severity of emphysema. The individual variance, however, is such that this assessment should be used only as part of a range of clinicoradiological, physiological, and electrocardiographic indicators of emphysema severity. Evidence is presented to show that the movement of the diaphragm is restricted in the predominantly emphysematous members of the series but approaches full normal range in the group with predominant chronic obstructive bronchitis.
Correction: Cefadroxil Dosing Interval
Authors: GORDON R. MCKINNEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1980Correction: Cefadroxil Dosing IntervalGORDON R. MCKINNEY, PH.D.GORDON R. MCKINNEY, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-5-784_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: There is, I believe, some erroneous information on Cefadroxil in Table 1 of Bennett and associates' article (1) on drug therapy in renal failure. Rather than 8 hours, the "Normal Dose Interval" should read 12 or 24 hours. The package insert shows that the approved dosing regimen is either once or twice daily.Also, the package insert contains a table showing the dose adjustment, based on creatinine clearance rates, in patients with renal failure. In effect, that table indicates that the 12-hour dosing interval may still be used even in patients with a creatinine clearance rate as...Reference1. BENNETTMUTHERPARKER WRR. Drug therapy in renal failure: dosing guidelines for adults: Part 1: Antimicrobial agents, analgesics. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93(Part 1):62-89. LinkGoogle Scholar1. HUMBERTLEROYFILLASTREGODIN GAJM. Pharmacokinetics of cefadroxil in normal subjects and in patients with renal insufficiency. Chemotherapy. 1979;25:189-95. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1980Volume 93, Issue 5Page: 784-784KeywordsCreatinineDrug therapyRenal failure ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Planning a New Community Hospital for University Affiliation
Authors: Howard C. Coggeshall
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas is an example of a hospital started by a community with a predetermined plan to establish a close university relationship. The community wished to have the quality of medical care that is available in a teaching hospital. The community leaders came to the university authorities and offered complete control over the professional activities of this hospital. Furthermore, they wanted to locate it on the medical school campus. However, for lack of space, this was not possible. The subsequent development has been successful. The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School at Dallas has exercised its control of professional matters judiciously. The creation of a potential 500-bed community hospital has been an exciting and challenging experience. This did not happen overnight. Ten years of planning were required to bring this institution to reality. This is an example of the willingness of the community and the practicing physicians
Utilization of Private Patients in Surgical Education
Authors: George R. Dunlop
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Surgical education faces a dilemma: More patients can afford private surgical care, and yet young surgeons must operate if they are to become competent. A program utilizing private patients for training of surgical residents is described. The program combines advantages of both the preceptorial and the residency systems of training: (1) personal relationship between surgeon and resident, (2) detailed supervision, (3) graded responsibility, and (4) opportunity for independent judgment. In the first three years, the resident's entire surgical experience is with private patients, under the supervision of the patient's surgeon. Ward patients are reserved for the senior resident. The program requires surgeons devoted to teaching, properly indoctrinated residents, and open communication with patients.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Women: Probable Lack of Etiologic Association With Oral Contraceptive Steroids
Authors: Zachary D. Goodman, Kamal G. Ishak
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

To investigate the possibility of an association between oral contraceptive steroids (CS) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we reviewed 128 cases of HCC in women collected between 1953 and 1980. There were 48 cases under the age of 40, and 13 of these (27%) had used CS. However, 62% of HCC associated with CS and 58% of HCC in women under 40 not using CS were classified histologically as "fibrolamellar" carcinoma. This subtype of HCC occurs predominantly in young people, both male and female. The apparent increase in HCC in young women can be explained by the presence of cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma in this age group, an the apparent association with CS is probably coincidental.
On Some of the Biological and Statistical Errors in the Work on Parental Alcoholism by Miss Elderton and Professor Karl Pearson, F.R.S
Authors: M. D. Sturge, V. Horsley
Journal: BMJ (1911)

some thirty years ago.These were (1) to raise the standard of public opinion on the whole question of workhouse nursing; (2) to secure the appointment of trained nurses as matrons in all separate infirmaries; (3) to train and supply nurses to workhouse infirmaries in London and the pro- ninces.The third object, after very successful achieve- ment for many years, has been definitely dropped, but the others remain.The honorary treasurer of the association {s Miss Wilson, the secretary MKiss Gill.
Children with asthma: will nebulised salbutamol reduce hospital admissions?
Authors: D Jenkinson
Journal: BMJ (1985)

to exaggerate the "r" and "p" values by selective exclusion of certain subjects or in- corporating non-diabetics in their statistical calculations.The fact that six diabetic sub- jects with normal HbA,, had high fructosamine values emphasises the inherent differences between the two populations.
No Pretending Not to Know-Reply
Authors: Douglas L. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> I respect the comments of Drs Rokey, Rolak, and Vick. As they point out, the issue of whether a consultant, in this case a radiologist, should tell a patient the result of a diagnostic test is a controversial ethical issue and has been debated in the radiological literature.<sup>1-5</sup>In regards to this specific incident, they are mistaken on two accounts. First, I was not performing the ultrasound in a vacuum, but was aware of the relevant events leading to my contact with her as the resident who referred her had told me that she knew he had been unable to image the fetal skull and that she knew she was being referred to us for an ultrasound for further evaluation. Second, I knew that the referring physician would further discuss the problem with her immediately afterwards. I immediately discussed the ultrasound results with him by phone
Exposure to War as a Risk Factor for Mental Disorders
Authors: David M Benedek, Robert J Ursano
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

While large-scale national psychiatric epidemiologic studies have been conducted in Western industrialized nations [1–3], studies in the Arab world have generally been limited to smaller populations [4–6]. In addition, while exposure to war as a risk factor for the development of mental disorders in military populations has previously been described [7,8], the effect of war upon first onset of a range of mental disorders in civilian populations at a national level has not been explored.

Over the last quarter-century, advances in psychiatric diagnostic classification, the development of fully structured diagnostic interviews, and the refinement of household survey technology have led to greater understanding of the epidemiology of psychiatric illness in the Western hemisphere. With the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 3rd edition [9], the American Psychiatric Association truly operationalized the diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders. Based on these criteria, Robins and colleagues created the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS)—the first fully structured diagnostic interview that could be administered by trained lay persons [10]. The DIS was administered to over 20,000 individuals in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, a landmark community-based survey of mental health disorders conducted in selected neighborhoods in five United States communities [1]. Widespread dissemination of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study results led to replication studies in other countries and the development of other structured diagnostic interviews. The most widely used of these is the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO CIDI), developed to encourage cross-national research by integrating the validated methodological approach of the DIS with the WHO's International Classification of Diseases [11].

The sophisticated study of disasters—war is one type of human-made disaster—and their impact on mental health is also relatively recent [12]. More than 29 armed conflicts are occurring now around the globe involving 25 countries [13]. The public health response to large-scale public health emergencies and catastrophes requires consideration of the mental disorders (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, depression), distress (e.g., sleep disturbance, fear, changes in economic behaviors such as purchasing houses), and health risk behaviors (e.g., increased alcohol and smoking, evacuation behaviors) of those exposed [14,15].

Linked Research Article
This Perspective discusses the following new study published in PLoS Medicine:

Karam EG, Mneimneh ZN, Dimassi H, Fayyad JA, Karam AN, et al. (2008) Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in Lebanon: First onset, treatment, and exposure to war. PLoS Med 5(4): e61. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050061

In a survey of 2,857 adults in Lebanon, Elie Karam and colleagues found a lifetime prevalence of any DSM-IV psychiatric disorder of 25.8%.