tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disodium cromoglycate in exercise-induced asthma.
Authors: F. G. Ward, S. Gomes, R. S. McNeill
Journal: BMJ (1969)

M RNA coccus faecalis (4).Mixed infections (including Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, and Proteus spp.) were present in 21 urines from patients with gross urological abnormalities.In 13 instances urine samples were collected following the administration of antibiotics.All samples were transferred to the laboratory immediately after collection, and bacterial counts carried out by the surface plating method.Part of the sample was immediately refrigerated, while the remainder was incubated at 37°C.overnight.At the end of this period further bacterial counts were carried out, and the creatinine content of both the refrigerated and incubated samples was measured on the Technicon auto-analyser.In 12 urines which contained 108 organisms/ ml., and in nine urines from treated patients, the counts did not rise detectably on incubation.Otherwise, following overnight incubation the bacterial counts rose to 108 or more per ml., representing a rise of more than 1,000-fold in 16 urines, 100-fold in nine, and 10-fold or more in the remainder.Urinary creatinine concentrations ranged from 14 to 236 mg./100 ml.In none of the 90 samples examined was there any change in urine creatinine content outside the analytical error of the method.The results of these studies thus clearly show that over a wide range of creatinine concentrations bacterial multiplication within the urine over a period of up to 24 hours has no effect on urinary creatinine content.We have therefore concluded that estimations of urinary creatinine for clearance or other purposes are not invalidated by the presence of bacteria in the sample.-Weare, etc.,
RESTING HEART RATE AND CHANGES IN HEART RATE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE OUTCOME IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITHOUT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE CHARM PROGRAM
Authors: Ali Vazir, Brian Claggett, Pardeep Jhund, Hicham Skali, Davide Castagno, Karl Swedberg, Salim Yusuf, Christopher Granger, John McMurray, Marc Pfeffer, Scott Solomon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Biological significance of HLA locus matching in unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Yasuo Morishima, Koichi Kashiwase, Keitaro Matsuo, Fumihiro Azuma, Satoko Morishima, Makoto Onizuka, Toshio Yabe, Makoto Murata, Noriko Doki, Tetsuya Eto, Takehiko Mori, Koichi Miyamura, Hiroshi Sao, Tatsuo Ichinohe, Hiroo Saji, Shunichi Kato, Yoshiko Atsuta, Keisei Kawa, Yoshihisa Kodera, Takehiko Sasazuki
Journal: Blood (2014)
The Malnutrition Gradient
Authors: John L. Lightburn
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> "Pathogenesis of Urban Slums" (<b>215</b>:1959, 1971) was a stimulating and informative subject, somewhat unusual and unexpected forThe Journal. It is clear that physicians in their affluent ghettos must have this sort of information if they are to fulfill their obligation to modernize the "delivery system" of medical care. I urgeThe Journalto continue to take our collective heads out of the sand so that we can face the challenge of the future more adequately informed.
Livedo Reticularis and Skin Necrosis Due to Hyaluronic Acid Embolism
Authors: Paloma Borregón-Nofuentes, José Antonio Avilés-Izquierdo, M. Ángeles Martínez-Izquierdo, Lucas Ribé-Bernal, Ana Pulido-Pérez, M. Dolores Moya-González, Pablo Lázaro-Ochaita
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)
Abstract IA1: Physiological and pathological functions of microRNAs
Authors: David Baltimore
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract microRNAs have emerged as major regulators of the functions of genes in multicellular organisms. They generally and perhaps always act as reducers of the protein output from a given mRNA allotment generated from a particular gene. However, when acting on mRNAs that function in a regulated pathway, they can either inhibit or augment the output from that pathway depending on whether they act on inhibitory gene transcripts or activating gene transcripts. We have concentrated on miRs that function within the circuitry of the hematopoietic system, focusing on those that impinge on innate and adaptive immune responses. We have found that miR-146a acts as a classic negative regulator of inflammation while miR-155 acts as a positive regulator by targeting inhibitory proteins. A miR that has particularly interested us recently is miR125b, which both acts during the development of hematopoietic cells from the hematopoietic stem cell and modulates the function of myeloid cells. In all of this work, we have relied on mouse knockouts, siRNA knockouts and overproducing constructs to probe miR function and have been impressed by the ease with which these genetic manipulations can lead to hyperproliferation and cancer. Overexpression of miR-125b leads to particularly rapid induction of very aggressive tumor cells that can be of either the myeloid or lymphoid lineage. The developmental origin of these tumors is under investigation. microRNAs have been seen as modulators of gene expression. Because it is becoming clear that they are so powerful in their physiological and pathological properties, it seems more appropriate to now consider them as co-regulators of gene expression, partners with transcription factors in determining the functional outcome of developmental and regulatory pathways. Citation Format: David Baltimore. Physiological and pathological functions of microRNAs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA1.
THE ARREST OF DENTAL CARIES IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: JULIAN D. BOYD
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Dental caries may be properly considered as a disease of childhood, susceptibility at this age period being almost universal. In surveys of school children it is unusual to find a mouth free from caries. The average child will have seven or more affected teeth in various stages of destruction. The rate of progress of the carious process and the number of teeth involved varies with the individual. As the child approaches maturity, retardation of destruction becomes evident. In some instances active caries may become arrested spontaneously during childhood. The factors involved in the inactivation have not been understood, nor have many instances been recorded. The etiology of dental caries is a subject of controversy. It is generally conceded that a break in the continuity of the enamel is a primary requisite. The exposed dentin thus becomes susceptible to attack by external agencies. Any factor leading to enamel defects will thus
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Authors: R. M. MACKIE, W. G. S. SPILG, C. E. THOMAS, A. J. COCHRAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— The activity of cell‐mediated immunity to tumour‐associated antigen has been studied in 12 patients with malignant melanoma, using the leucocyte migration inhibition test. Tests carried out in 10 of these patients before surgical removal of the melanoma showed significant migration inhibition in every case. In the immediate post‐operative period this inhibition was lost, and return of significant inhibition was observed in 9 of the 10 cases tested pre‐operatively and in the 2 cases for whom pre‐operative tests were not available. Return of leucocyte migration inhibition was noted between the 4th and 22nd post‐operative day. Possible mediators of this observed depression of cell‐mediated immunity are discussed.
Daily Rhythms in the Concentrations of Various Amino Acids in Human Plasma
Authors: Richard J. Wurtman, Christopher M. Rose, Chuan Chou, Frances F. Larin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Blood was collected at intervals during a 24-hour period from 23 healthy male volunteers on diets containing various amounts of protein; the plasma was assayed for 16 amino acids. Among subjects receiving 0.71 or 1.5 gm of protein per kilogram of body weight, the concentrations of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan tended to be lowest at 2:00 and highest at or after 10:30 a.m. Volunteers given a diet containing less than 0.04 gm of protein per kilogram showed similar fluctuations in the concentrations of the above amino acids and methionine, but peak plasma levels were observed somewhat earlier in the morning. All the amino acids studied showed some tendency to vary with time of day. Tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, methionine, cysteine and isoleucine underwent the greatest per cent changes; the amino acids whose plasma concentrations were highest (that is, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid) showed the least tendency to vary.
Articular Manifestations of Rheumatic Fever in Adults
Authors: E. CHESTER McDANALD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Six adult patients had a syndrome indistinguishable from childhood rheumatic fever, with few cardiac findings and an arthrutis that had a characteristic pattern. The joint disease was abrupt in onset, rapidly additive, and eventually symmetrical, with a lower-extremity, large-joint predominance and a profoundly symptomatic tenosynovitis. Emphasizing the benign prognosis associated with a lack of heart disease and a "typical" pattern of articular involvement, we have reassessed the sensitivity of the traditional diagnostic Jones' criteria and suggest that this syndrome in adults may be more properly termed "poststreptococcal arthritis."
Interaction of Stress, Lead Burden, and Age on Cognition in Older Men: The VA Normative Aging Study
Authors: Junenette L. Peters, Marc G. Weisskopf, Avron Spiro, Joel Schwartz, David Sparrow, Huiling Nie, Howard Hu, Robert O. Wright, Rosalind J. Wright
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Low-level exposure to lead and to chronic stress may independently influence cognition. However, the modifying potential of psychosocial stress on the neurotoxicity of lead and their combined relationship to aging-associated decline have not been fully examined.We examined the cross-sectional interaction between stress and lead exposure on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores among 811 participants in the Normative Aging Study, a cohort of older U.S. men.We used two self-reported measures of stress appraisal--a self-report of stress related to their most severe problem and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Indices of lead exposure were blood lead and bone (tibia and patella) lead.Participants with higher self-reported stress had lower MMSE scores, which were adjusted for age, education, computer experience, English as a first language, smoking, and alcohol intake. In multivariable-adjusted tests for interaction, those with higher PSS scores had a 0.57-point lower (95% confidence interval, -0.90 to 0.24) MMSE score for a 2-fold increase in blood lead than did those with lower PSS scores. In addition, the combination of high PSS scores and high blood lead categories on one or both was associated with a 0.05-0.08 reduction on the MMSE for each year of age compared with those with low PSS score and blood lead level (p < 0.05).Psychological stress had an independent inverse association with cognition and also modified the relationship between lead exposure and cognitive performance among older men. Furthermore, high stress and lead together modified the association between age and cognition.
Basal Pulmonary Vascular Resistance and Nitric Oxide Responsiveness Late After Fontan-Type Operation
Authors: S. Khambadkone, J. Li, M.R. de Leval, S. Cullen, J.E. Deanfield, A.N. Redington
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— The pulsatile nature of pulmonary blood flow is important for shear stress–mediated release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) and lowering pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) by passive recruitment of capillaries. Normal pulsatile flow is lost or markedly attenuated after Fontan-type operations, but to date, there are no data on basal pulmonary vascular resistance and its responsiveness to exogenous NO at late follow-up in these patients. Methods and Results— We measured indexed PVR (PVRI) using Fick principle to calculate pulmonary blood flow, with respiratory mass spectrometry to measure oxygen consumption, in 15 patients (median age, 12 years; range, 7 to 17 years; 12 male, 3 female) at a median of 9 years after a Fontan-type operation (6 atriopulmonary connections, 7 lateral tunnels, 2 extracardiac conduits). The basal PVRI was 2.11±0.79 Wood unit (WU) times m 2 (mean±SD) and showed a significant reduction to 1.61±0.48 ( P =0.016) after 20 ppm of NO for 10 minutes. The patients with nonpulsatile group in the pulmonary circulation dropped the PVRI from 2.18±0.34 to 1.82±0.55 ( P &lt;0.05) after NO inhalation. Conclusions— PVR falls with exogenous NO late after Fontan-type operation. These data suggest pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, related in some part to lack of pulsatility in the pulmonary circulation because of altered flow characteristics. Therapeutic strategies to enhance pulmonary endothelial NO release may have a role in these patients.
Is There Enough Evidence to Support Use of <i>N</i>-Acetylcysteine in Contrast-Induced Nephropathy?
Authors: Otavio Berwanger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters5 August 2008Is There Enough Evidence to Support Use of N-Acetylcysteine in Contrast-Induced Nephropathy?Otavio Berwanger, MD, PhDOtavio Berwanger, MD, PhDFrom Research-Institute Cardiac Hospital, São Paulo S-04005, Brazil.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I would like to congratulate Kelly and colleagues (1) on a well-conducted systematic review and meta-analysis (comprehensive search strategy, critical appraisal of included studies, duplicate data extraction and adequate meta-analysis model). On the other hand, I disagree with the authors' conclusion that “the use of … N-acetylcysteine is reasonable in high-risk patients who are to receive large or repeated volumes of contrast agents.” Although N-acetylcysteine represents an inexpensive, potentially safe, and widely available intervention, the evidence that it reduces contrast-induced nephropathy (a surrogate outcome) comes from trials with heterogeneous results, most which are of low methodological quality ...Reference1. Kelly AM, Dwamena B, Cronin P, Bernstein SJ, Carlos RC. Meta-analysis: effectiveness of drugs for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:284-94. [PMID: 18283206] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Research-Institute Cardiac Hospital, São Paulo S-04005, Brazil.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMeta-analysis: Effectiveness of Drugs for Preventing Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Aine M. Kelly , Ben Dwamena , Paul Cronin , Steven J. Bernstein , and Ruth C. Carlos Is There Enough Evidence to Support Use of N-Acetylcysteine in Contrast-Induced Nephropathy? Aine M. Kelly , Ben Dwamena , and Ruth C. Carlos Is There Enough Evidence to Support Use of N-Acetylcysteine in Contrast-Induced Nephropathy? Hariprasad Trivedi Is There Enough Evidence to Support Use of N-Acetylcysteine in Contrast-Induced Nephropathy? Denise A. Gonzales , Robert A. Star , Steven J. Kern , Charles Natanson , and Robert L. Danner Is There Enough Evidence to Support Use of N-Acetylcysteine in Contrast-Induced Nephropathy? Giuseppe Ferrante , Didier Locca , and Peter Barlis Metrics 5 August 2008Volume 149, Issue 3Page: 215KeywordsClinical trialsConflicts of interestCreatinineMedical dialysisSystematic reviews ePublished: 5 August 2008 Issue Published: 5 August 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HOUSE DUST MITE (DERMATOPHAG01DES PTERONYSSINUS) IN ASTHMATIC CHILDREN IN JAPAN
Authors: Y. KABASAWA, A. ISHII, H. MURATA, M. TAKAOKA
Journal: Allergy (1976)

Clinical studies were conducted to evaluate the role of the house dust mite. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, as an allergen in children's asthma in Japan. Skin testing and Prausnitz-Küstner type skin testing showed good correlations between the allergenicity of house dust and the mite. A positive Prausnitz-Küstner type skin reaction to house dust was neutralized by a mite extract. Radioallergosorbent test showed good correlation between house dust and the mite (r=0.687). The mite exhibited in vitro inhibition of radioallergosorbent test to house dust. The inhalation provocation test resulted in an acute respiratory attack in one of the patients. These results suggest that the house dust mite is an important allergen in asthmatic children in Japan.
Regulation of Physicians' Office Laboratories
Authors: Robert Crawley
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Timely availability of reliable test results enhances the office practitioner's ability to provide high-quality care that is personally satisfying to patients. Modern technology allows physicians to have such timely information available through test analyses performed in an office laboratory. Studies of physicians' office laboratories in Idaho found the performance, initially, to be unacceptably variable for many hematology, urinalysis, clinical chemistry, and microbiology tests. State regulation, requiring each office laboratory to comply with quality assurance guidelines and to participate in a proficiency testing program, resulted in a marked improvement in the proficiency level of office laboratory testing in Idaho. With the increasing dispersion of clinical laboratory technology, it is essential that standards of practice for the office laboratory be developed that ensure, within reasonable limits, the reliability of test information used in patient care. If widespread acceptance of such standards cannot be developed with a voluntary approach, states should consider regulation of office laboratories within their jurisdiction. Compliance with standards of practice, voluntarily or as a result of regulation, should promote quality performance in the office laboratory and allow the physician to use confidently the timely test information in dealing with diagnostic and management problems in patient care. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:374-382)
Impact of Tumor Location on Prognosis for Patients with Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Managed by Radical Nephroureterectomy
Authors: Jay D. Raman, Casey K. Ng, Douglas S. Scherr, Vitaly Margulis, Yair Lotan, Karim Bensalah, Jean-Jacques Patard, Eiji Kikuchi, Francesco Montorsi, Richard Zigeuner, Alon Weizer, Christian Bolenz, Theresa M. Koppie, Hendrik Isbarn, Claudio Jeldres, Wareef Kabbani, Mesut Remzi, Mathias Waldert, Christopher G. Wood, Marco Roscigno, Mototsuga Oya, Cord Langner, J. Stuart Wolf, Philipp Ströbel, Mario Fernández, Pierre Karakiewcz, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: European Urology (2009)
The Lucky Rat
Authors: Don T. Killderatt
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Were I a veterinarian, I would specialize only in rats. I like to know about all aspects of the work I do, I like to know well the material that I handle. What animal do we know more about than the rat? A recent look at about 20 journals in the field of biological and medical research convinced me that the rat is better investigated than man. Hardly any animal can compete with the rat, not to mention poor<i>Homo sapiens</i>; maybe a mouse, but who would pick on that nice innocent being? To prove my point I will quote from the<i>Journal of Nutrition</i>(April 1969). The table of contents includes communications on the following: the nutrition of man (zero), of sheep (one), of the lamb (one), of swine (one), of the guinea pig (one), of young chickens and pigs (one), and of the laying hen
A Case of Immune Dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) Without Serological Evidence of Autoimmunity
Authors: P. Ponda, D.W. Rosenthal, B. Kaplan, P. LoGalbo, S.J. Schuval, T.R. Torgerson, H.D. Ochs, V.R. Bonagura
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
X linked agammaglobulinaemia and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: G Verbruggen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Much interest has been shown recently in the pathogenic role of B cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) owing to the marked clinical responses to anti-CD20 treatment in RA. <b>Case report:</b> A patient with X linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) presented with an erosive symmetric polyarthritis with histological features of RA, including formation of a destructive pannus. Furthermore, the patient developed subcutaneous nodules that were histologically indistinguishable from rheumatoid nodules. Surprisingly, lymphocytic infiltrates in both the synovium and nodule consisted almost exclusively of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. <b>Discussion:</b> Although some peculiar B cell subsets have been described in patients with XLA, no B cell subsets could be demonstrated in synovial tissue or the subcutaneous nodule. This case illustrates that classical RA can develop in the absence of mature B cells.
Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Cancer
Authors: Bernard H. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Clinical observations that began centuries ago and extend to the present describe an association between depressive symptoms and cancer. This discussion focuses on such symptoms, not clinical depression. One could not conclude with confidence from studies done during the last 40 years whether depression would predict an excess risk of later cancer. Most of the earlier studies suffered from faulty design, small samples, failure to adjust for confounders, and a number of biases. The first large prospective study on a normal cohort was that of Shekelle et al,<sup>1</sup>appearing in 1981. They gave 2020 men the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and determined the group's cancer mortality over 17 years. Men who scored highest, among that measure's scales, on the Depression scale showed a relative risk of 2.3 after controlling for several relevant variables; that is, a risk of death from cancer 2.3 times that of men whose depression score
Anisakiasis and vanishing tumor of the cecum
Authors: N. Ishii, M. Matsuda, T. Setoyama, S. Suzuki, S. Uchida, M. Uemura, Y. Iizuka, K. Fukuda, N. Horiki, Y. Fujita
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

There have been few reports to date of vanishing gastric tumors caused by anisakiasis [1]. The large intestine is rarely affected because the ingested larvae usually do not travel that far down the gastrointestinal tract. Colonic anisakiasis occasionally resembles a colonic tumor, because it leads to edema, acute phlegmonous inflammation, or the formation of granulomas around the larvae in the submucosa of the intestinal wall [2].