tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vivo metabolism of proapolipoprotein A-I in Tangier disease.
Authors: D Bojanovski, R E Gregg, L A Zech, M S Meng, C Bishop, R Ronan, H B Brewer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Tangier disease is a rare familial disorder characterized by extremely low levels of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). In normal subjects, proapoA-I is secreted into plasma and converted to mature apoA-I by the cleavage of the amino-terminal six amino acids with the major isoprotein in plasma being mature apoA-I. In contrast, in Tangier disease there is a marked relative increase of proapoA-I as compared with mature apoA-I. ProapoA-I and mature apoA-I were isolated from normal and Tangier disease subjects, radio-labeled, and autologous apoA-I isoproteins injected into normal and Tangier subjects. The in vivo catabolism and conversion of proapoA-I and mature apoA-I in normal and Tangier disease subjects were quantitated. A comparison of the rate of catabolism of apoA-I isoproteins from plasma revealed a significantly faster rate of catabolism of both isoproteins of apoA-I in Tangier subjects when compared with normal subjects. The fractional conversion rate of proapoA-I to mature apoA-I was 3.9 d-1 in normal subjects and 3.6 d-1 in Tangier subjects. The results indicate that (a) apoA-I enters plasma as the pro isoprotein in both normal and Tangier subjects, (b) Tangier disease subjects have a normal fractional rate of conversion of proapoA-I to mature apoA-I, (c) proapoA-I is catabolized at the same rate as mature apoA-I in Tangier subjects, and (d) Tangier subjects catabolize both pro and mature apoA-I at a much greater rate than do normal subjects. Therefore, the relative increase in proapoA-I in Tangier disease is due to a marked decrease in mature apoA-I resulting from rapid catabolism of both pro- and mature apoA-I and not to defective conversion of proapoA-I to mature apoA-I.
Examining Pregnant Women's Hostile Attributions About Infants as a Predictor of Offspring Maltreatment
Authors: Lisa J. Berlin, Kenneth A. Dodge, J. Steven Reznick
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Child maltreatment is a serious public health problem that disproportionately affects infants and toddlers. In the interest of informing prevention and intervention efforts, this study examined pregnant women's attributions about infants as a risk factor for child maltreatment and harsh parenting during their children's first and second years. We also provide specific methods for practitioners to assess hostile attributions.To evaluate pregnant women's hostile attributions about infants as a risk factor for early child maltreatment and harsh parenting.Prospective longitudinal study.A small Southeastern city and its surrounding county.A diverse, community-based sample of 499 pregnant women.Official records of child maltreatment and mother-reported harsh parenting behaviors. Hostile attributions were examined in terms of women's beliefs about infants' negative intentions (eg, the extent to which infants purposefully dirty their diapers).Mothers' hostile attributions increased the likelihood that their child would be maltreated by the age of 26 months (adjusted odds ratio, 1.26 [90% CI, 1.02-1.56]). Mothers who made more hostile attributions during pregnancy reported engaging in more harsh parenting behaviors when their children were toddlers (β = 0.14, P < .05). Both associations were robust to the inclusion of 7 psychosocial covariates.AND RELEVANCE: A pregnant woman's hostile attributions about infant's intentions signal risk for maltreatment and harsh parenting of her child during the first years of life. Practitioners' attention to women's hostile attributions may help identify those in need of immediate practitioner input and/or referral to parenting services.
Randomized Clinical Trials in Single Patients-Reply
Authors: E. B. Larson, A. J. Ellsworth
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Rodney asks questions about the costs of performing SPTs. As stated in our article, our estimates of time and costs are probably conservative. The following table lists the activity and time spent: Nearly half (43%) of the time spent in trial preparation was delegated to support persons. The interval office visits reported in our article were typically performed by a clinical pharmacist. We also did not account for indirect or overhead costs. Finally, a small grant allowed us to cover the start-up costs of forming an SPT service; these costs are not part of our calculations, but do need to be considered if a formal service is to be developed.<sup>1</sup>This information demonstrates the cost components based on our experience. We believe the best way to establish the service would be to develop a standard fee schedule similar to those commonly used for diagnostic tests (eg, magnetic
Mast cells are the main IL-17 producing cells in synovium of anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive and -negative rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients
Authors: J. Suurmond, A. L. Dorjee, M. R. Boon, E. F. Knol, T. W. J. Huizinga, R. E. M. Toes, A. J. M. Schuerwegh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Recently, evidence is raised that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be divided in two main syndromes on the basis of the presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). Mast cells have been implicated to play a functional role in mouse models of arthritis as well as human RA, especially in autoantibody-positive disease. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) has also been implicated to play an important role in RA. Recent data in 10 RA patients indicate that mast cells are the main producers of IL-17 in synovial tissue, whereas T cells have also been implicated as a prominent IL-17 producing subset. Therefore, the authors aimed to identify whether expression of IL-17 by mast cells and T cells in synovium is different in ACPA+ and ACPA− RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Synovial tissue of ACPA+ (n=25) and ACPA− (n=34) RA and OA (n=29) patients was stained for IL-17 in combination with CD117 (mast cells), CD3 (T cells) and CD68 (macrophages) or isotype controls. Concentrations of IL-17 in synovial fluid of ACPA+ (n=30) and ACPA− (n=29) RA and OA (n=14) patients were determined by ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> The number of IL-17+ cells was comparable in ACPA+ RA, ACPA− RA and OA patients. The vast majority of IL-17+ cells were mast cells in all three groups (median ranged from 93% to 97%), whereas T cells and macrophages contributed only slightly. Importantly, levels of IL-17 in synovial fluid of ACPA+ RA patients were significantly higher than in ACPA− RA or OA patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Mast cells are the main cell population producing IL-17 in all three disorders analysed. Possibly, selective activation of mast cells in ACPA+ RA patients is responsible for the increased IL-17 levels in this group. These data are relevant for studies aiming to inhibit IL-17 production in the treatment of arthritis.
Angiotensinogen gene and hypertension in Chinese.
Authors: T Niu, X Xu, J Rogus, Y Zhou, C Chen, J Yang, Z Fang, C Schmitz, J Zhao, V S Rao, K Lindpaintner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The renin-angiotensin system plays a major role in regulating blood pressure and maintaining electrolyte and volume homeostasis. Previously, the angiotensinogen gene, which encodes the key substrate for renin within this system, has been reported linked to and associated with essential hypertension in White Europeans, African-Caribbeans, and Japanese. Therefore, we investigated whether the angiotensinogen gene might be similarly implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in Chinese by carrying out linkage analysis in 310 hypertensive sibling pairs. Genotypes for two diallelic DNA polymorphisms observed at amino acid residues 174 (T174M) and 235 (M235T) within the coding sequence and for two highly informative dinucleotide (GT)-repeat sequences (one in the 3' flanking region, and one at a distance of 6.1 cM from the gene) were determined. Affected sibpair analysis conducted according to three different algorithms (S.A.G.E./SIBPAL, MAPMAKER/ SIBS, and APM methods) revealed no evidence for linkage of the angiotensinogen gene to hypertension. Our data indicate that molecular variants of this gene do not appear to contribute materially to the pathogenesis of primary hypertension among Chinese (a notion supported by concomitant, direct estimates of power), and that the disease relevance of this gene may vary therefore depending on ethnicity.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome and peripheral neuropathy in rheumatoid disease.
Authors: L McGuigan, D Burke, A Fleming
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

Thirty patients with classical or definite rheumatoid disease (RD) with foot pain and radiologically demonstrated erosions were studied electrodiagnostically to ascertain the frequency of the tarsal tunnel syndrome and peripheral neuropathy. Four patients (13.3%) had evidence of the tarsal tunnel syndrome. The electrical abnormalities were mild and unassociated with specific clinical features. Two patients (6.6%) had evidence of sensory peripheral neuropathy. There may be an appreciable frequency of clinically unsuspected tarsal tunnel syndrome in RD.
Problematic Prostatic Prediction-Reply
Authors: Gerald W. Chodak
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Our recent article on detecting prostate cancer by routine screening should not be interpreted as a recommendation that such a program be instituted at this time. Our purpose was to show the approximate cost of such a program, the outcome in terms of stage of disease at diagnosis, and the positive predictive value of the digital examination. Under the present standard of medical care, over 70% of patients have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, which strongly suggests that current methods for identifying patients with localized disease are grossly inadequate. Our study shows that an increased suspicion for early cancer combined with an inexpensive and sensitive aspiration biopsy can result in diagnosing a higher percentage of patients with potentially curable prostate cancer. We expect that this will result in a higher sensitivity than the 69% rate reported by Guinan et al,<sup>1</sup>but at a cost of
Influence of coronary vessel size on renarrowing process and late angiographic outcome after successful balloon angioplasty.
Authors: D P Foley, R Melkert, P W Serruys
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Although coronary angioplasty is increasingly applied in the treatment of multivessel disease and a broadening range of vessel size, the influence of vessel size itself on the late results of intervention is unresolved. An influence of vessel size on late outcome would carry implications for the application and evaluation of interventional devices, which are selectively used in larger or smaller vessels. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of vessel size on both the restenosis process and late angiographic outcome in a large homogeneous patient group after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). METHODS AND RESULTS The study population comprised 3072 patients with 3736 successfully dilated native primary coronary artery lesions and satisfactory quantitative angiographic analysis in multiple identical projections before and after PTCA and at a 6-month follow-up. Late luminal loss, minimal luminal diameter (MLD) at follow-up, and net luminal gain, as well as percent diameter stenosis at follow-up, net gain in percent diameter stenosis, restenosis rates (according to three definitions), and net gain index, were all compared among nine equally sized groups (noniles) according to vessel size. A direct influence of vessel size on continuous measures of late result was also evaluated by linear regression. These evaluations provided conflicting information with no consistent influence of vessel size emerging. To elucidate the independent influence of vessel size on the restenosis process (late loss) and late angiographic outcome (MLD at follow-up), multiple linear regression analysis was performed taking into account luminal gain, preprocedural MLD, and lesion location. In this manner, vessel size was found to be exert a significantly positive influence on MLD at follow-up (P &lt; .0001) and an equally negative effect on loss. Correcting for vessel size by using percent stenosis measurements led to an anticipated neutralization of this influence. Lesion location in the left anterior descending coronary artery was found to be independently associated with greater loss and smaller MLD at follow-up (P &lt; .0001). CONCLUSIONS Increasing coronary vessel size was found to be independently predictive of decreasing late luminal loss and increasing follow-up MLD after successful balloon angioplasty. Apparently superior or inferior late angiographic results of new interventional devices may thus be explained in part by preferential use in larger or smaller vessels, respectively. Devices that can safely optimize the short-term result of intervention may realize their ultimate long-term value in larger coronary vessels.
Satellite Streptococci
Authors: Kenneth B. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In three of the 20 patients with bacterial endocarditis in our institution since 1975, satellite streptococci were recovered from the blood stream (15%). These organisms do not grow under usual laboratory conditions and may only be demonstrable after fortuitous contamination of the media. Clinicians and microbiologists must be alert to the possibility of satellite streptococci in patients with suspected bacterial endocarditis, and measures should be instituted to identify the organism. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2293-2294, 1979)
Selective Splanchnic Perfusion of Vasopressin in the Management of Torrential Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.
Authors: C. K. Bhatia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Selective Splanchnic Perfusion of Vasopressin in the Management of Torrential Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.C. K. Bhatia, M.D., J. Nidiry, M.D., J. Harrell, M.D., J. Mock, M.D., S. H. Danovitch, M.D., F.A.C.P.C. K. Bhatia, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. Nidiry, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. Harrell, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. Mock, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, S. H. Danovitch, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-818_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWe have assessed the efficacy and safety of selective splanchnic intra-arterial vasopressin infusion in controlling 28 episodes of torrential gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 21 patients. After localization of bleeding by endoscopy or splanchnic angiography, or both, appropriate arterial perfusion with 0.2 units of vasopressin per minute was undertaken. Cardiac function, serum electrolytes, osmolality, and urine output were closely monitored. If bleeding persisted after 4 to 6 hours of infusion, the rate was increased to 0.3 units of vasopressin per minute. Success was evidenced by clear nasogastric aspirates and stable clinical status and hematocrit values for 24 hours. Esophageal variceal and peptic... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe Gastrointestinal CirculationEfficacy of selective splanchnic arteriography and vasopressin perfusion in diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhageIntraarterial Vasopressin in the Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: A Prospective, Controlled Clinical TrialIntraarterial Vasopressin: A Continuing Challenge 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 818-818KeywordsAngiographyEndoscopyGastrointestinal hemorrhageHematocritHemorrhageSafetySaltsUrineVasopressin Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
TREADMILL AND ERGOMETER EXERCISE ONCE A WEEK EQUALLY IMPROVE NOT ONLY EXERCISE-TOLERANCE BUT ALSO CARDIO-RENAL FUNCTION IN PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE (PAD) PATIENTS WITH CLAUDICATION
Authors: Masanari Kuwabara, Hitoshi Anzai, Yutaro Nishi, Noriaki Hayashida, Ichiro Hisatome
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
P648 NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HEV GENOTYPE 3
Authors: K.L. Woolson, L. Vine, L. Beynon, L. McElhinney, J.G. Hunter, R.G. Madden, T. Glasgow, J. Palmer, B.N. McLean, R.P. Bendall, U. Warshow, H.R. Dalton
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
“English Flu” — A Primer
Authors: Robert J. Rubin, Michael B. Gregg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Influenza is now widespread in the United States.The influenza virus responsible for this outbreak is a moderately distinctive variant of the Hong Kong virus that was prevalent in this country from 1968 until 1972. The virus was first noted in Southern India (Coonoor) from July to November, 1971. It was also isolated from a patient in England in late January, 1972, and the name of the variant (A/England/42/72 [H3N2]) is based on that isolation. In neither country did it cause widespread disease. The virus was recognized by the World Influenza Center (WIC) in London as being antigenically different from . . .
Survey of "do not resuscitate" orders in a district general hospital.
Authors: E J Aarons, N J Beeching
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To evaluate the local use of written "Do not resuscitate" orders to designate inpatients unsuitable for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest.Point prevalence questionnaire survey of inpatients' medical and nursing records.10 acute medical and six acute surgical wards of a district general hospital.Questionnaires were filled in anonymously by nurses and doctors working on the wards surveyed.Responses to questionnaire items concerning details about each patient, written orders not to resuscitate in the medical case notes and nursing records, whether prognosis had been discussed with patients' relatives, whether a "crash call" was perceived as appropriate for each patient, and whether the "crash team" would be called in the event of arrest.Information was obtained on 297 (93.7%) of 317 eligible patients. Prognosis had been discussed with the relatives of 32 of 88 patients perceived by doctors as unsuitable for resuscitation. Of these 88 patients, 24 had orders not to resuscitate in their medical notes, and only eight of these had similar orders in their nursing notes.In the absence of guidelines on decisions about resuscitation, orders not to resuscitate are rarely included in the notes of patients for whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation is thought to be inappropriate. Elective decisions not to resuscitate are not effectively communicated to nurses. There should be more discussion of patients' suitability for resuscitation between doctors, nurses, patients, and patients' relatives. Suitability for resuscitation should be reviewed on every consultant ward round.
My First Year as a Doctor: Real-World Stories From America's MDs
Authors: Lloyd M. Krieger
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The transition from medical student to physician is an exciting and challenging one. The decisions become yours to make, the actions yours to take. The successes are yours to savor, and the failures yours to live with and to try to learn from. <i>My First Year as a Doctor: Real-World Stories From America's MDs</i>describes these challenges in detail. The book is made up of 18 essays, each written by a physician. The full spectrum of specialties and geographic locations is represented. Private practice clinicians tell their stories, as do academic researchers. An emergency medicine doctor in the South Bronx is a writer, as are a primary care physician in Appalachia and a hand surgeon in Massachusetts. The stories form a cohesive collection because they are all thoughtful and exceptionally well written. The title of the book is somewhat misleading, as the focus of the vignettes is on the first
1181 PHARMACOGENOMIC ANALYSIS REVEALS IMPROVED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE IN ALL IL-28B GENOTYPES IN NAIVE GENOTYPE 1 CHRONIC HCV PATIENTS TREATED WITH GI-5005 THERAPEUTIC VACCINE PLUS PEG-IFN/RIBAVIRIN
Authors: J.G. McHutchison, A.J. Thompson, I.M. Jacobson, T.D. Boyer, E.R. Schiff, G.T. Everson, J.M. Vierling, M.L. Shiffman, R.S. Brown, A.M. Di Bisceglie, S.C. Gordon, W.M. Lee, Z. Guo, T.H. King, B. Armstrong, T.C. Rodell, D. Apelian
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Attitudes Toward Risk and Informed Consent for Research on Medical Practices
Authors: Mildred K. Cho, David Magnus, Melissa Constantine, Sandra Soo-Jin Lee, Maureen Kelley, Stephanie Alessi, Diane Korngiebel, Cyan James, Ellen Kuwana, Thomas H. Gallagher, Douglas Diekema, Alexander M. Capron, Steven Joffe, Benjamin S. Wilfond
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

The U.S. Office for Human Research Protections has proposed that end points of randomized trials comparing the effectiveness of standard medical practices are risks of research that would require disclosure and written informed consent, but data are lacking on the views of potential participants.To assess attitudes of U.S. adults about risks and preferences for notification and consent for research on medical practices.Cross-sectional survey conducted in August 2014.Web-based questionnaire.1095 U.S. adults sampled from an online panel (n = 805) and an online convenience river sample (n = 290).Attitudes toward risk, informed consent, and willingness to participate in 3 research scenarios involving medical record review and randomization of usual medical practices.97% of respondents agreed that health systems should evaluate standard treatments. Most wanted to be asked for permission to participate in each of 3 scenarios (range, 75.2% to 80.4%), even if it involved only medical record review, but most would accept nonwritten (oral) permission or general notification if obtaining written permission would make the research too difficult to conduct (range, 70.2% to 82.7%). Most perceived additional risk from each scenario (range, 64.0% to 81.6%).Use of hypothetical scenarios and a nonprobability sample that was not fully representative of the U.S. population.Most respondents preferred to be asked for permission to participate in observational and randomized research evaluating usual medical practices, but they are willing to accept less elaborate approaches than written consent if research would otherwise be impracticable. These attitudes are not aligned with proposed regulatory guidance.National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences at the National Institutes of Health.
Effects of oral propafenone on defibrillation and pacing thresholds in patients receiving implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
Authors: Stephanie K. Stevens, Charles I. Haffajee, Gerald V. Naccarelli, Kerry M. Schwartz, Richard M. Luceri, Douglas L. Packer, Andrew M. Rubin, Peter R. Kowey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)