tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abscesses From Parenteral Injection
Authors: Samuel Zelman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent report (239:1395, 1978) described two cases of multiple sterile abscesses at sites of intramuscular injection of meperidine and attributed these to drug hypersensitivity. More likely they were caused by too short a needle, which failed to reach muscle and deposited the medication into subcutaneous fat. Slower absorption in subcutaneous fat allows greater tissue reaction to the irritant or ischemic qualities of the longerpersisting medication, leading to persistent, painful, encapsulated nodules or local necroses, commonly called sterile abscesses. Nurses commonly observe these persistently painful lumps, often without any idea of their relation to poor injection techniques.<sup>1</sup>
The effect of acute and chronic leukapheresis on the natural killer (NK) cell function of normal human volunteers
Authors: Henry C. Stevenson, Joann S. Beman, Beth Crisp, David Coggin, D. J. Kanapa, Paul Miller, Ronald B. Herberman, Annette E. Maluish
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Twenty‐two normal volunteers had approximately eight, 2‐hr‐long leukapheresis procedures over a 2‐year period and their natural killer (NK) cell function was prospectively measured. The NK activity of the preprocedure peripheral blood (pre‐PB) was found to correlate well with the NK activity of the inital leukocytes removed by leukapheresis (I‐Leuk). When the I‐Leuk specimens were compared with the leukapheresis specimens removed at the termination of leukapheresis (T‐Leuk), T‐Leuk showed a consistent 10% increase in NK activity. When the pre‐PB and the I‐Leuk values were analyzed for each donor over the 2 years of the study, 18 donors revealed no significant change from their baseline NK activity, two donors showed a minimal increase in NK cell activity, and two donors displayed a minimal decrease in NK cell activity. We conclude that although leukapheresis appears acutely to boost NK cell activity, this increase is transient and small in magnitude. Most importantly, repeated leukapheresis does not appear adversely to effect this important effector function in normal donors.
NHLBI at 50: Reflections on a Half-Century of Research on the Heart, Lungs, and Blood
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1998)

JUST OVER 50 years ago, on June 16, 1948, President Harry S Truman signed into law the legislation that created the National Heart Institute. Renamed the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1969, it became the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in 1976.
Rupture of Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: George X. Trimble
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In Dr. Baumler's clinical note "Arteriosclerotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupturing into the Intestine" (<i>JAMA</i><b>176</b>:146 [April 15] 1961), the statement is made that 52 cases, all terminating fatally, had been published in the English medical literature. The author, in addition, says that a review of the cases indicated that surgical salvage is possible if the physician maintains a high index of suspicion when considering cases of severe unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients. Support for the author's contention is aptly provided in an article entitled "Aneurysm of Aortic Homograft with Rupture into the Duodenum" (MacKenzie, R. J., Buell, A. H., and Pearson, S. C.,<i>Arch Surg</i><b>77</b>:965 [Dec.] 1958). In this report a 70-year-old patient who survived a rupture of an abdominal aortic homograft, which had penetrated into the third portion of the duodenum, is described. The homograft, which had been inserted 3 1/2 years
Dynamic Neuroscience: Its Application to Brain Disorders
Authors: Jonathan Z. Charney
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The author's plan in writing this textbook is to apply modern concepts of neurosciences to explanation of clinical disease and brain function. From an introduction comparing the brain to a computer, he proceeds to discuss the circuitry and biochemistry of the brain and relates this to disease entities. Included is an analysis of the limbic system, which the author separates into 53 regions and 35 tracts. The idea for this book is very interesting. Many major advances have recently occurred in neurology. Indeed, many believe the future of neurology will depend on the understanding of the biochemistry and pharmacology of the nervous system. The author is to be commended on his attempt to combine all these ideas in a textbook. Unfortunately, the author presents theory as fact, fails to document unproved statements, and presents many uncontrolled studies as proof for his ideas. Examples of this are on p 193, "Essential
US tobacco companies pull out of deal
Authors: T. Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1998)

American tobacco companies have pulled out of the tobacco deal agreed last June after the Senate commerce committee drafted a much tougher bill than was originally agreed.

Steven Goldstone, chairman of RJR Nabisco Holdings, which owns the cigarette manufacturer RJ Reynolds, said that his company was ending its negotiations with Congress and going to fight the legislation. The other major tobacco companies quickly followed suit. The tobacco industry ran full page advertisements in major national newspapers last week which read: “We agreed to change the way we do business … Not to go out of business.” The advertisements say that …
ESSAY ON DESPERATE SURGERY IN ITS RELATIONS TO WOMEN; THE PROPER PLACE FOR IT; WHO SHOULD, AND WHO SHOULD NOT ATTEMPT IT.
Authors: R. S. SUTTON
Journal: JAMA (1884)

[Read in the Section on Obstetrics and Gynæcology of the American Medical Association, May, 1884.] Mr. President and Gentlemen: By desperate surgery I mean operations that endanger the life of the patient. As they relate to women, such operations are largely intra-abdominal. That the opening of the cavity of the peritonæum is desperately dangerous, will be denied alone by persons ignorant of American statistics tabulating the results of this kind of surgical interference. That this subject is worthy of intelligent and intense investigation, is claimed by all who honor the profession of medicine, desire to ameliorate the condition of suffering humanity, and wish to prolong life. The presentation of a tabulated statement of the intra-abdominal surgical operations performed more or less frequently, will serve to bring the subject clearly before our minds. These are: 1, Normal ovariotomy, Battey's operation. 2, Removal of the ovaries and tubes, Hegar-Tait operation. 3, Ovariotomy
THE RELATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE TO CONVULSIONS
Authors: D. M. ERVIN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

It would appear, however, that abdominal cesarean section at term and vaginal cesarean section in the middle third of gestation have their indication in primiparous patients with undilated cervix, and with the familiar clinical picture of profound toxemia, namely, scanty urine, loaded with albumin and casts and especially blood, by catheterization of the bladder in these patients ; frequently convulsions, the coma persisting during the whole period of the intervals ; retinal changes and hemorrhage, as shown by the ophthalmoscope ; and persistence of the cyanosis of the convulsions into the intervals.A review of the present and prospective obstetric situation causes a recurrence of the reflection that the very poor and the well-to-do are today receiving the best obstetric care, while those of the so-called middle class are the ones, who, all too often, suffer from indifferent prenatal attention.28 West Fifty-Sixth Street.
Oral amiodarone for prevention of atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery, the Atrial Fibrillation Suppression Trial (AFIST): a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Satyendra Giri, C Michael White, Alisha B Dunn, Kathy Felton, Linda Freeman-Bosco, Prabashni Reddy, James P Tsikouris, Heather A Wilcox, Jeffrey Kluger
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Extension of a Pelvic Tumor into the Right Atrium
Authors: Benedetta Stancanelli, Giuseppe Seminara, Alfonsina Vita, Aurelio Pantò, Marcello Romano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Secondary localization of intrathoracic tumors in the heart is often due to metastatic spread or neoplastic infiltration of veins. Renal, adrenal, and hepatic carcinomas as well as l...
Bilirubin diglucuronide transport by rat liver canalicular membrane vesicles: Stimulation by bicarbonate ion
Authors: Yukihiko Adachi, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Yoshiaki Kurumi, Mika Shouji, Motokazu Kitano, Toshio Yamamoto
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The purpose of this study was to provide further insight into the mechanism of bilirubin diglucuronide excretion through the hepatocyte canalicular membrane by investigating the uptake of (3H)bilirubin diglucuronide by purified canalicular membrane vesicles of rat liver. The uptake was analyzed by a rapid filtration technique. The difference between vesicle-associated (3H)bilirubin diglucuronide at 37 degrees C and at 0 degree C during the initial 1 min was regarded as uptake. Twenty second uptake was saturated by increasing the (3H)bilirubin diglucuronide concentration at a vesicle-inside-directed 100 mmol/L KCl gradient (Km = 75 mumol/L, Vmax = 320 pmol/mg protein.20 sec at 37 degrees C). No sodium dependency was observed. When canalicular membrane vesicles were preincubated with nonlabeled bilirubin diglucuronide, the uptake increased 1.3-fold (transstimulation). Vesicle-inside-positive potential induced by valinomycin and potassium caused a 1.4-fold increase in the uptake. When Cl- was replaced by equivalent ion concentrations of SO4(2-), HCO3-, NO3- and SCN-, the uptake was 78%, 244%, 68% and 50%, respectively, and specific stimulation by HCO3- was observed (Km = 75 mumol/L, Vmax = 700 pmol/mg protein.20 sec at a vesicle-inside-directed 100 mmol/L KHCO3 gradient at 37 degrees C). The uptake was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. The uptake was ATP independent. From these results, it was concluded that bilirubin diglucuronide transport through the canalicular membrane is carrier mediated, electrogenic and stimulated by HCO3-.
Legionella pneumophila in Drinking Water of Guinea Pigs
Authors: RODNEY W. CONNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 August 1979Legionella pneumophila in Drinking Water of Guinea PigsRODNEY W. CONNER, M.D., DAVID N. GILBERT, M.D.RODNEY W. CONNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID N. GILBERT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-2-323_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: After reviewing the recently published proceedings of the International Symposium on Legionnaires' Disease in the April 1979 issue, we thought readers of your journal might be interested in our attempt to produce Legionnaires' disease in susceptible guinea pigs by contaminating their drinking water. Several observations reported in the symposium supported the hypothesis that some cases of Legionnaires' disease could result from ingestion of water containing Legionella pneumophila.Legionella pneumophilahas been isolated from surface water and can survive in tap water for as long as a year (1, 2).Legionella pneumophilais relatively resistant, in vitro, to...References1. SKALIYMCEACHERN PH. Survival of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium in water. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:662-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MORRISPATTONFEELEY GCJ. Isolation of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium from environmental samples. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:664-6. LinkGoogle Scholar3. WANGBLASERCLAVENSJOHNSON WMJM. Growth, survival, and resistance of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:614-8. LinkGoogle Scholar4. CHANDLERMCDADEHICKLINBLACKMONTHOMASONEWING FJMJBE. Pathologic findings in guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:671-5. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RODNEY W. CONNER, M.D.; DAVID N. GILBERT, M.D.Affiliations: Providence Medical Center The University of Oregon Health Sciences Center Portland, OR 97201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byModeles animaux d'infection a LegionellaA Self-Limited Febrile Illness Produced in Guinea Pigs Associated With Oral Administration of Legionella pneumophilaDrinking water and Legionnaires' DiseaseLEGIONNAIRES DISEASE 1 August 1979Volume 91, Issue 2Page: 323-323KeywordsGuinea pigsIngestionLegionella pneumophilaLegionellosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Early epigenetic changes and DNA damage do not predict clinical response in an overlapping schedule of 5-azacytidine and entinostat in patients with myeloid malignancies
Authors: Tamer E. Fandy, James G. Herman, Patrick Kerns, Anchalee Jiemjit, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Si-Ho Choi, Allen S. Yang, Timothy Aucott, Tianna Dauses, Rosalie Odchimar-Reissig, Jonathan Licht, Melanie J. McConnell, Chris Nasrallah, Marianne K. H. Kim, Weijia Zhang, Yezou Sun, Anthony Murgo, Igor Espinoza-Delgado, Katharine Oteiza, Ibitayo Owoeye, Lewis R. Silverman, Steven D. Gore, Hetty E. Carraway
Journal: Blood (2009)
P241 Anti-Reflux Surgery Conveys a Long Term Improvement in Respiratory Symptoms in Asthma and Chronic Cough
Authors: K. Cusworth, C. Lynch, S. Ejiofor, R. Sathyamurthy, P. Super, C. Noble, A. Mansur
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Previously we have reported short term improvement in asthma related quality of life (AQLQ) and cough scores following anti-reflux surgery in asthma and chronic cough patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) that did not respond to medical treatment. Herein we report on long-term outcome data. <h3>Method</h3> A database of respiratory patients undergoing anti-reflux surgery was set up to assess GORD and respiratory symptoms at baseline, 3 months and long-term (mean 5 years). Data on lung function was also collected. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-eight patients (71% female, mean age = 50.1 years) completed an AQLQ (13 asthmatics) or cough score questionnaire (15 chronic cough patients) at a mean of 66 months following surgery (range = 6–100 months). The Hull reflux cough questionnaire (HRCQ) was also completed. All had significant reflux at baseline confirmed with oesophageal manometry and pH studies (mean DeMeester score of 47.26 [normal &lt; 14.72], mean lower oesophageal sphincter pressure of 4.6mmHg [normal = 12–25] and a mean reflux time of 11.7% [normal &lt; 4%]). The mean baseline FEV1 in the asthma group was 2.22 L (76% predicted) with a mean FEV1/FVC of 74%. In the cough group, mean FEV1 at baseline was 2.45 L (90% predicted) with a mean FEV1/FVC of 84%. In the asthma group there was significant improvement in mean AQLQ (7 = best, 0 = worst) from baseline of 3.29 (SD=1.1) to 4.38 (SD=1.2) at 3 months and 4.44 (SD=1.4) long term (Figure 1). In the cough group, cough scores (0 = no cough and 10 = worst cough) significantly improved from a baseline mean of 7.3 (SD=1.9) to 2.6 (SD=3) at 3 months and 3.9 (SD=3.1) long term (Figure 1). In the asthma group we also observed an improvement in the mean HRCQ (0 = no reflux, 70 = worst reflux) from 49.2 (SD 13.8) at baseline to 22 (SD 13.9) long-term, without corresponding improvement in FEV1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Anti-reflux surgery provides sustainable long-term benefit to patients with significant GORD and poorly controlled asthma or chronic cough. These data require further confirmation in controlled trials.
<i>MAP2K1</i> (<i>MEK1</i>) Mutations Define a Distinct Subset of Lung Adenocarcinoma Associated with Smoking
Authors: Maria E. Arcila, Alexander Drilon, Brooke E. Sylvester, Christine M. Lovly, Laetitia Borsu, Boris Reva, Mark G. Kris, David B. Solit, Marc Ladanyi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Genetic alterations affecting the MAPK/ERK pathway are common in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD). Early steps of the signaling pathway are most often affected with EGFR, KRAS, and BRAF mutations encompassing more than 70% of all alterations. Somatic mutations in MEK1, located downstream of BRAF, are rare and remain poorly defined as a distinct molecular subset. Experimental Design: Tumors harboring MEK1 mutations were identified through targeted screening of a large LAD cohort concurrently interrogated for recurrent mutations in MEK1, EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ERBB2/HER2, NRAS, PIK3CA, and AKT. Additional cases were identified through a search of publically available cancer genomic datasets. Mutations were correlated with patient characteristics and treatment outcomes. Overall survival was compared with stage-matched patients with KRAS- and EGFR-mutant LADs. Results: We identified 36 MEK1-mutated cases among 6,024 LAD (0.6%; 95% confidence interval, 0.42–0.85). The majority of patients were smokers (97%, n = 35/36). There was no association with age, sex, race, or stage. The most common mutations were K57N (64%, 23/36) followed by Q56P (19%, 7/36), all mutually exclusive with other driver mutations in the targeted panel. Transversions G:C&amp;gt;T:A were predominant (89%, 31/35), in keeping with smoking-associated DNA damage. Additional less common somatic mutations were identified in the kinase domain, all of which are predicted to converge into a single interaction area based on in silico 3D modeling. Conclusions: MEK1 mutations define a distinct subset of lung cancers (∼1%) with potential sensitivity to MEK inhibitors. Mutations are predominantly transversions, in keeping with a strong association with smoking. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1935–43. ©2014 AACR.
Electroconvulsive therapy: NICE guidance may deny many patients treatment that they might benefit from
Authors: C. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Methods to identify increased risk of coronary disease in the general population Conclusion is oversimplificationEditor-Wilson et al assert that measuring cholesterol concentration only in people of at least 50 efficiently identifies those at high risk of coronary heart disease. 1 This oversimplification results from a study with important defects.Firstly, Wilson et al determined absolute risk of coronary heart disease by using the Sheffield tables and the underlying Framingham algorithm.However, in the German prospective cardiovascular Münster (PRO-CAM) study and the Augsburg cohort of the World Health Organization's monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease (MONICA) study, Framingham overestimated coronary risk about twofold. 2 Even allowing for the higher incidence of coronary heart disease in Britain compared with Germany, 3 Wilson et al should have calculated risk by using either a British algorithm or a corrected Framingham formula.Secondly, Wilson et al considered men and women together, even though risk of coronary heart disease in women is two to four times less than in age matched men aged up to about the age of 60.This error dilutes male risk of coronary heart disease, which is substantial even in early middle age.In the PROCAM study, for example, no fewer than 8% of men under 50 had a 10 year risk of coronary heart disease of more than 15% with the Framingham formula.A particular aim in preventing coronary heart disease is to stop the early events that produce an especially high burden of morbidity and cost.Moreover, since the risk increases sharply with age, patients at borderline risk below the age of 50 require attention if they are not to proceed inexorably into a high risk group.Limiting cholesterol measurements to the over 50s will increase costs and disease burden.
Adalimumab may be better or no worse than methotrexate in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: T. Nijsten, P.I. Spuls
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Adalimumab may be better or no worse than methotrexate in the treatment of psoriasis Get access T. Nijsten, T. Nijsten Department of Dermatology, Erasmus C, Burg. Jacibusplein 51, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands E‐mail: t.nijsten@erasmusmcnl; tamar.nijsten@uza.be Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.I. Spuls P.I. Spuls Department of Dermatology, Erasmus C, Burg. Jacibusplein 51, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands E‐mail: t.nijsten@erasmusmcnl; tamar.nijsten@uza.be Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 159, Issue 1, 1 July 2008, Pages 257–258, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08606.x Published: 01 July 2008
Crisis in Oncology — Acute Vowel Obstruction (with Apologies to Oncologists Everywhere)
Authors: Robert McMillan, Robert L. Longmire
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Initially, it seemed like an isolated incident involving an un-Cooperative patient — a nonconformist; however, the subsequent reverberations were soon to rock the foundations of organized oncology, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the Federal Drug Administration (FDA), Congress and even the oval office. The first problem developed when a patient was referred by her private physician to the large cancer center, the Northnortheast Oncology Attack Unit (NOAU). After complete evaluation, the diagnosis of carcinoma of the solar plexus was made; extensive metastases to bone, liver and lungs were documented. Clearly, chemotherapy was indicated, and she was assigned to the newest . . .
THE EDITIO MAGNA OF VESALIUS
Authors: Horace Manchester Brown
Journal: JAMA (1922)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Recently, I had the fortune to secure a copy of "Editio Magna" of Vesalius, the 1543, Operinus, Basle Edition. I believe the copy, which I have, is the finest in this country. It belonged to Lancisi, and was given with his other books to the Library of The Holy Ghost in Rome in 1714. After that time the library was called. "The Biblioteca Lancisiana," and the books were dispersed at the time of the Napoleonic Invasion of Italy. I am anxious to communicate with others, who own copies of this edition, in order that a list and location of these books may be recorded.
After a first proximal DVT, compression stockings did not prevent the postthrombotic syndrome
Authors: David Garcia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Kahn SR, Shapiro S, Wells PS, et al; SOX trial investigators. Compression stockings to prevent post-thrombotic syndrome: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2014;383:880-8. 24315521
Racial Disparity in Rates of Surgery for Lung Cancer
Authors: Talmadge E. King, Paul Brunetta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in the United States, accounting for more deaths per year than cancers of the breast, colon, prostate, and cervix combined. Blacks have a higher incidence of and death rate from lung cancer than whites. The incidence rates differ significantly among men (122 per 100,000 population for blacks, as compared with 78 per 100,000 for whites), whereas the rates among black women and white women are similar. Overall, the five-year survival rate for lung cancer is 14 percent among whites and 11 percent among blacks.Some of the difference in the . . .