tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On the biological basis of human laterality: I. Evidence for a maturational left–right gradient
Authors: Michael C. Corballis, Michael J. Morgan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1978)

Abstract In this paper, we consider human handedness and cerebral lateralization in a general biological context, and attempt to arrive at some conclusions common to the growth of human laterality and of other structural asymmetries. We suggest that many asymmetries appear to be under the influence of a left-right maturational gradient, which often seems to favor earlier or more rapid development on the left than on the right. If the leading side is damaged or restricted, this gradient may be reversed so that growth occurs with the opposite polarity. A mechanism of this sort appears to underlie the phenomenon of situs inversus viscerum et cordis , and the same principle may help explain the equipotentiality of the two sides of the human brain with respect to the representation of language in the early years of life. However we must also suppose that the leading side normally exerts an inhibitory influence on the lagging side, for otherwise one would expect language ultimately to develop in both halves of the brain. Examples of an inhibitory influence of this kind can also be found in other biological asymmetries; for instance, in the crab Alpheus heterochelis , one claw is normally greatly enlarged relative to the other, but if the larger claw is removed the smaller one is apparently released from its inhibitory influence and grows larger. This last example is particularly interesting because it suggests a mechanism comparable to that proposed by Annett to account for the distribution of handedness in the human population. She argued, in effect, that there is a “right shift” factor among the majority of the population, but that among a minority who lack this factor handedness is determined at random. If it is supposed that cerebral lateralization is also determined at random among this recessive minority, the model can be extended to provide a reasonable fit to the data on the correlation between handedness and cerebral lateralization. However this genetic model (or any other) still fails to account for the near-binomial distribution of handedness among twins and among nontwin siblings. We suggest that right-handedness and leftcerebral dominance for language are manifestations of an underlying gradient which is probably coded in the cytoplasm rather than in the genes. We must leave open the question as to whether departures from this pattern are due to a recessive gene which effectively cancels the asymmetry to environmental influences, or to both genetic and cytoplasmic factors.
Prognosis in primary ventricular tachycardia in the pediatric patient.
Authors: D M Bergdahl, J G Stevenson, I Kawabori, W G Guntheroth
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Five male pediatric patients with primary ventricular tachycardia are described. Although three were initially in congestive heart failure due to the tachycardia and were extremely difficult to manage, all have completely recovered, are not taking medication, and are free of arrhythmia. Three of the patients required long-term management with quinidine, with a therapeutic goal of controlling the heart rather than abolishing the arrhythmia. No growth disturbances were found in those three patients. A review of reported cases revealed 71 infants and children with ventricular tachycardia not associated with heart disease or systemic disorders; only four deaths were reported (5.6%). In the primary form of ventricular tachycardia in children, complete pharmacologic suppression may not be achieved without seriously endangering the normal electrophysiologic functions. Controlling the rate to an asymptomatic level with pharmacologic means is safer for a problem that may be self-limited.
A Single-Nucleotide Substitution Mutator Phenotype Revealed by Exome Sequencing of Human Colon Adenomas
Authors: Sergey I. Nikolaev, Sotirios K. Sotiriou, Ioannis S. Pateras, Federico Santoni, Stavros Sougioultzis, Henrik Edgren, Henrikki Almusa, Daniel Robyr, Michel Guipponi, Janna Saarela, Vassilis G. Gorgoulis, Stylianos E. Antonarakis, Thanos D. Halazonetis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Oncogene-induced DNA replication stress is thought to drive genomic instability in cancer. In particular, replication stress can explain the high prevalence of focal genomic deletions mapping within very large genes in human tumors. However, the origin of single-nucleotide substitutions (SNS) in nonfamilial cancers is strongly debated. Some argue that cancers have a mutator phenotype, whereas others argue that the normal DNA replication error rates are sufficient to explain the number of observed SNSs. Here, we sequenced the exomes of 24, mostly precancerous, colon polyps. Analysis of the sequences revealed mutations in the APC, CTNNB1, and BRAF genes as the presumptive cancer-initiating events and many passenger SNSs. We used the number of SNSs in the various lesions to calculate mutation rates for normal colon and adenomas and found that colon adenomas exhibit a mutator phenotype. Interestingly, the SNSs in the adenomas mapped more often than expected within very large genes, where focal deletions in response to DNA replication stress also map. We propose that single-stranded DNA generated in response to oncogene-induced replication stress compromises the repair of deaminated cytosines and other damaged bases, leading to the observed SNS mutator phenotype. Cancer Res; 72(23); 6279–89. ©2012 AACR.
Ethanol-Fueled Vehicles Could Pose Health Risk
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Levin and O’Neal’s The Diabetic Foot
Authors: Kenneth Mroczek
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spectrum of Clinicopathologic Manifestations of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Domenico Corrado, Cristina Basso, Gaetano Thiene, William J McKenna, Michael J Davies, Fabrice Fontaliran, Andrea Nava, Furio Silvestri, Carina Blomstrom-Lundqvist, Elzbieta K Wlodarska, Guy Fontaine, Fulvio Camerini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Bone Scanning in Osseous Metastatic Disease
Authors: Robert E. O'Mara
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE detection of metastatic disease to bone is critical in the management of patients with cancer. Bone involvement by carcinoma is a fairly common postmortem finding, exceeded in frequency only by metastases to lymph nodes, lungs, and liver.<sup>1,2</sup>The incidence of osseous metastases has been reported to be as high as 70% in some series of autopsies. This variance in reported incidence appears to depend on the thoroughness of the examination.<sup>3</sup>In the tumors that commonly metastasize to bone (breast, prostate, thyroid, lung, and kidney), incidence of secondary bone involvement at the time of death may range from 50% to 85%.<sup>4,5</sup>Both isotope and roentgenographic skeletal surveys are currently being used as means of achieving this detection. <h3>Scan vs Roentgenogram: Physiological Bases of Visualization</h3> There is general agreement that roentgenographic evidence of secondary malignant deposits in bone frequently appears late in the clinical course. While replacement of
Clinical Implications of Isoniazid Blood Levels in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Roger S. Mitchell, J. Carroll Bell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

ORALLY administered isoniazid is converted to various metabolic derivatives in the human body. Isoniazid hydrazones, acetylated isoniazid, isonicotinic acid and isonicotinic acid conjugates, in addition to free unmetabolized isoniazid, have been found in the urine of human subjects given a single oral test dose of isoniazid.1 This metabolic alteration is so extensive in some cases that as little as 1 per cent of a test dose of the drug may be excreted in the urine free and unaltered, and as much as 60 per cent of a dose may be excreted in the acetylated form. Only the free drug, however, . . .
Hospital Experience Necessary for Licensure.
Authors: F. B. Bogardus
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Somers,Mont., March 22, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the March 19 edition ofThe Journal, Dr. F. C. Bennett discusses the advisability of a compulsory interneship. He certainly makes some unwarranted statements. He says that none but sons of the wealthy can avail themselves of such a training. From my own personal experience, I know that a poor man can have a hospital training and I know many others beside myself who were poor, yet who spent a year or eighteen months in a hospital. I have practiced for a year in the backwoods of Montana and never yet have I been able to see where my hospital training hindered me. In fact, I have many times been thankful I have had such training. I can not conceive of a case in which a student fresh from college would have the advantage over a hospital-trained man.
Infection Due to Mycobacterium Avium
Authors: J. Marks, K. J. Birn
Journal: BMJ (1963)

HEPATOMA IN CIRRHOSISJBonl 1503abdominal pain in cirrhosis may be abandoned when an ulcer is demonstrated unless it is appreciated that cirrhosis, hepatoma, and ulcer may often coexist. SummaryThe incidence of primary carcinoma of the liver at necropsy was studied over a period of 23 years at a London teaching hospital.Among 7,366 necropsies there were 157 cases of cirrhosis and 39 cases.ofprimary hepatic carcinoma.The incidence of malignant change in cirrhosis was 19.1 % over the whole period.Analysis by five-year periods showed an apparent increase to 28.3 %.Active chronic peptic ulcer occurred in 14.2% of cases with cirrhosis and in 23.3% of those with primary carcinoma of the liver.Malignant change in cirrhosis appears to be common.We are indebted to the physicians of St. Thomas's Hospital for permission to study patients under their care.
Glycosaminoglycan synthesis and structure as targets for the prevention of calcific aortic valve disease
Authors: K GRANDEALLEN, N OSMAN, M BALLINGER, H DADLANI, S MARASCO, P LITTLE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Calcific aortic valve disease is frequently driven by ageing and the obesity-associated metabolic syndrome, and the increasing impact of these factors indicates that valve disease will become a cardiovascular disease of considerable significance. This disease is now thought to be an active cell-based disease process, which may therefore be amenable to therapeutic intervention. Some similarities are apparent with atherosclerosis. The accumulation of lipid, possibly by retention by proteoglycans and the attraction of inflammatory cells by hyaluronan, may be common to the early stages of both pathologies. The synthesis and structure of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and hyaluronan are exquisitely regulated, and the signalling pathways controlling these processes may provide tissue-specific opportunities for concomitant prevention of atherosclerosis and calcific aortic valve disease.
Absence of seroconversion following treatment with hepatitis B immune globulin containing antibody to human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Michael Phillips, Laurence M. Cummins
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Recent studies have demonstrated that commercial preparations of hepatitis B immune globulin often contain antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus. The presence of this antibody has aroused concerns that treatment with hepatitis B immune globulin might passively induce human immunodeficiency virus antibody seropositivity, leading to incorrect diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus exposure. We studied a group of 16 normal volunteers who received an intramuscular dose of hepatitis B immune globulin (0.06 ml per kg) which was later discovered to contain human immunodeficiency virus antibody. None of the subjects had human immunodeficiency virus antibody before receiving hepatitis B immune globulin. Serum specimens collected at 1 to 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after the injection were consistently negative for human immunodeficiency virus antibody. There was no detectable human immunodeficiency virus antibody in any specimen from any subject. We conclude that intramuscular therapy with hepatitis B immune globulin in the recommended dose does not appear to place patients at risk of passive seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus antibody positivity, despite the presence of antibody in the injected material.
Serum Ferritin as a Component of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Authors: José-Manuel Fernández-Real, Wifredo Ricart-Engel, Enric Arroyo, Rafael Balançá, Roser Casamitjana-Abella, Dolores Cabrero, Miquel Fernández-Castañer, Joan Soler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE In epidemiological studies, serum ferritin was the second-strongest determinant of blood glucose (after BMI) in regression models and the third-strongest determinant of serum insulin (after BMI and age). Its concentration also correlated positively with plasma triglycerides and apolipoprotein B concentrations, and negatively with HDL2 cholesterol. We hypothesized that serum ferritin could be a marker of insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (SI, minimal model method) were prospectively evaluated in 36 healthy subjects. The relationship between serum ferritin and metabolic control (as measured by HbA1c levels) was also studied in 76 consecutive NIDDM patients. RESULTS In healthy subjects, log-transformed serum ferritin (LOGFER) correlated with basal serum glucose (r = 0.44, P = 0.007), but not with BMI, age, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total triglycerides, VLDL triglycerides, serum insulin, or HbA1c (all P = NS). Identical results were obtained when the two lowest quartiles of serum ferritin were evaluated separately. However, in the two highest quartiles, LOGFER correlated with BMI (0.50, P = 0.02), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.8, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), serum LDL cholesterol (r = 0.57, P = 0.01), VLDL cholesterol (r = 0.48, P = 0.03), total cholesterol and HDL2 and HDL3 subtractions of HDL cholesterol (r = −0.68, −0.76, −0.55, P = 0.001. &amp;lt; 0.0001, and 0.01, respectively), total triglycerides (r = 0.60, P = 0.006), HDL2/HDL3 quotient (P = −0.71, P = 0.001), VLDL triglycerides (r = 0.65, P = 0.004), and serum uric acid (r = 0.51, P = 0.03), but not with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.38, P = 0.15). After adjusting for BMI, only the correlations between LOGFER and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.7, P = 0.002) and HDL2/HDL3 quotient (r = −0.63, P = 0.01) remained significant. Strong correlations between LOGFER and glucose area under the curve during oral glucose tolerance test (Pearson's r = 0.73, P = 0.001) and S1 (r = −0.68, P = 0.001), which remained significant after controlling for BMI, were observed. LOGFER (β = −0.44, P = 0.01) and BMI (β = −0.52, P = 0.004) constituted independent predictors of insulin sensitivity in a multivariate analysis (R2 = 0.68). In 76 consecutive NIDDM outpatients, serum glucose (P &amp;lt; 0.00001) and LOGFER (P = 0.03) independently predicted the value of HbA1c (R2 = 0.40) in a multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS The correlations among serum ferritin and diastolic blood pressure, HDL quotient, glucose area under the curve, and S1 suggest that serum ferritin could be a marker of the insulin resistance syndrome. Serum ferritin may also be an independent determinant of poor metabolic control in the diabetic patient.
Failure of communication.
Authors: S Lock
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Education and training of dogs and their owners could also reduce health hazards.In parts of the United States it is mandatory for owners to clear up their own dog's excreta ("pooper-scoopers" are supplied and fines imposed if not used).The British government has recently given approval to bylaws requiring dog owners to clear up faeces left by their pets on pavements, parks, and recreation grounds.A 12 month pilot scheme will be tried in four areas starting in September 1985.' Responsibility for a dog requires an owner to be mature (perhaps over 16), caring, and willing to ensure that the dog is adequately trained, not unhygienic, and not hazardous to the public's health.The harm that dogs cause to both health and safety causes appreciable costs to the nation.2-49'0Some of this could be prevented or ameliorated if the government was prepared to insist on more responsible attitudes by dog owners.The ever present risk of rabies crossing the English Channel is a further cogent reason for seriously considering better control of dogs.
1068-127 Ischemic precondition improves performance of the hearts with coronary delivery of embryonic stem cells: Assessment by a langendorff perfusion model
Authors: Jing Lin, Shu Li, Eric Lenehan, Mitra Rajabi, Rosalinda Madonna, Corina Rosales, James T Willerson, Yong J Geng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Inverse Association of Dietary Fat With Development of Ischemic Stroke in Men
Authors: Matthew W. Gillman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

A few ecological and cohort studies in Asian populations suggest an inverse association of the intake of both fat and saturated fat with risk of stroke. However, data among western populations are scant.To examine the association of stroke incidence with intake of fat and type of fat among middle-aged US men during 20 years of follow-up.The Framingham Heart Study, a population-based cohort study.A total of 832 men, aged 45 through 65 years, who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (1966-1969). MEASUREMENTS AND DATA ANALYSIS: The diet of each subject was assessed at baseline by a single 24-hour dietary recall, from which intakes of energy and macronutrients were estimated. In Kaplan-Meier analyses, we calculated age-adjusted cumulative incidence rates of stroke. Using Cox regression, we estimated stroke incidence relative risks during 20 years of follow-up.Incidence of ischemic stroke, which occurred in 61 subjects during the follow-up period.Mean intakes were 10975 kJ for energy; 114 g (39% of energy) for total fat; 44 g (15%) for saturated fat; 46 g (16%) for monounsaturated fat; and 16 g (5%) for polyunsaturated fat. Risk of ischemic stroke declined across the increasing quintile of total fat (log-rank trend P=.008), saturated fat (P=.002), and monounsaturated fat (P=.008) but not polyunsaturated fat (P=.33). The age- and energy-adjusted relative risk for each increment of 3% of energy from total fat was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.94); for an increment of 1% from saturated fat, 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.98); and for 1% from monounsaturated fat, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83-0.96). Adjustment for cigarette smoking, glucose intolerance, body mass index, blood pressure, blood cholesterol level, physical activity, and intake of vegetables and fruits and alcohol did not materially change the results. Too few cases of hemorrhagic stroke (n=14) occurred to draw inferences.Intakes of fat, saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat were associated with reduced risk of ischemic stroke in men.
Global distribution of surgeons, anaesthesiologists, and obstetricians
Authors: Hampus Holmer, Adam Lantz, Teena Kunjumen, Samuel Finlayson, Marguerite Hoyler, Amani Siyam, Hernan Montenegro, Edward T Kelley, James Campbell, Meena N Cherian, Lars Hagander
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)
United Kingdom needs to double the number of neurologists
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The number of neurologists in the United Kingdom needs to double if patients are to receive an adequate service, leading specialists said last week.

The United Kingdom, with only 358 neurologists, lags behind the United States and most European countries in terms of the proportion of neurologists in the population. About a third of patients admitted to hospital who could benefit from seeing a neurologist do not see one until after they have been discharged, said Professor …
TCT-30 Clinical Predictors and Long-term Impact of Enzymatic Infarct Size After Primary PCI in STEMI: The HORIZONS-AMI Trial
Authors: Tomotaka Dohi, Akiko Maehara, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Ke Xu, Melissa Nichols, Sorin Brener, Roxana Mehran, Gary S. Mintz, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Reaching all children
Authors: M. A Lynch, D. Gough
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Primary care p 210 

In Britain the many initiatives to improve the wellbeing of children are operating against the backdrop of a government commitment to reduce health inequalities and improve access to services. Yet ensuring the right of all children to have equal access to services remains challenging.

In this week's issue Webb et al highlight the unmet health and developmental needs of children living with their mothers in a refuge for victims of domestic violence (p 210).1 Not only are these children likely to have special needs associated with living in violent households2; they also have poor access to services, including “universal” services such as immunisation and health promotion. All children from marginalised populations face this double jeopardy. For many, such as travellers, homeless families, children living rough, and asylum seeking and refugee children,3 this is because of poor access to both mainstream and specialist services.4 For others, ironically, it is because a specific health or social care need has been identified and led to the provision of selective services. For example, children receiving specialist disability services may have less contact with general practitioners and health visitors5; children considered “in need” by social services may have less …