tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Christian Fenger in Egypt —A Clarification
Authors: L. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— The article on Christian Fenger which appeared in the June 21 issue (192:1091, 1965) relates that Fenger went to Alexandria in 1875 where he witnessed the premiere of Verdi's Aida in honor of the coming of Napoleon III.Napoleon was deposed in 1871 and kept a prisoner of war in a castle near Kassel, Germany. I don't think he was able to witness any public function after his deposition. The world's great men have not commonly been great scholars, nor its great scholars great men.
DIFFERENCES IN MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES OF ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN NURSING HOME VERSUS COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER PATIENTS: A PROPENSITY MATCHED STUDY
Authors: Sahil Khera, Dhaval Kolte, Marjan Mujib, Wilbert Aronow, Pallak Agarwal, Chandrasekar Palaniswamy, Diwakar Jain, Ali Ahmed, Gregg Fonarow, William Frishman, Julio Panza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Expression of Human Herpesvirus 8 in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Carlyne D. Cool, Pradeep R. Rai, Michael E. Yeager, Daniel Hernandez-Saavedra, Amanda E. Serls, Todd M. Bull, Mark W. Geraci, Kevin K. Brown, John M. Routes, Rubin M. Tuder, Norbert F. Voelkel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Severe pulmonary hypertension constitutes a group of diseases characterized by complex, lumen-occluding vascular lesions that develop in genetically susceptible persons. The only viral infection associated with severe pulmonary hypertension has been that due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1, but neither the viral genome nor viral antigens have been demonstrated in pathologic lesions.We examined lung-tissue samples from 16 patients with sporadic primary pulmonary hypertension and 14 patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension for evidence of infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). HHV-8 infection was ascertained immunohistochemically with use of an antibody directed against latency-associated nuclear antigen 1 (LANA-1), and a polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay was performed on lung DNA to detect the viral cyclin gene of HHV-8. Sequence analysis was also performed.In lung tissue from 10 of 16 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (62 percent), cells within the plexiform lesions as well as cells outside the lesions were positive for LANA-1 on immunohistochemical analysis. Tissue from the same 10 patients contained viral cyclin on PCR analysis. No LANA-1 was detected in lung tissue from patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension, although one such patient had PCR evidence of viral cyclin. Plexiform lesions from patients with primary pulmonary hypertension had a histologic and immunohistochemical resemblance to cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.The spectrum of trigger factors and molecular mechanisms leading to severe pulmonary hypertension and the formation of plexiform lesions is apparently wide, including both genetic and epigenetic factors. Our data suggest that infection with the vasculotropic virus HHV-8 may have a pathogenetic role in primary pulmonary hypertension.
INTRAMURAL ABSCESS OF THE PUERPERAL UTERUS.
Authors: GEORGE H. NOBLE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

With the object of eliminating misleading discussions, I will state that it is not the purpose of this paper to consider the subject of puerperal infection, but to deal with one of the results, that is, intramural abscess of the uterus. Abscess occurs at the end of the second week or a little later, after the most acute symptoms of sepsis have passed. The cavity of the uterus, therefore, is apparently free from serious infection or débris. The temperature curve is septic and devoid of chills, unless complicated with thrombophlebitis. When the appendages are not involved, pelvic examination is negative, except in thin or relaxed abdominal walls. When the abscess is single, a rounded, slightly flattened outline may be felt on the surface of the uterus, which, to the sense of touch, feels something like a small, deeply-seated fibroid tumor, but is more elastic, and the outlines are not so
Cardiac performance and myocardial blood flow in pigs with compensated right ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: R. K H WYSE, M. JONES, K. C WELHAM, M. R de LEVAL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Journal Article Cardiac performance and myocardial blood flow in pigs with compensated right ventricular hypertrophy Get access RICHARD K H WYSE, RICHARD K H WYSE * From the Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Institute of Child Health, 30, Guilford Street, London WC1, UK *Correspondence and reprint requests to Richard KH Wyse at the above address. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MICHAEL JONES, MICHAEL JONES From the Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Institute of Child Health, 30, Guilford Street, London WC1, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KENNETH C WELHAM, KENNETH C WELHAM From the Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Institute of Child Health, 30, Guilford Street, London WC1, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARC R de LEVAL MARC R de LEVAL From the Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Institute of Child Health, 30, Guilford Street, London WC1, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 18, Issue 12, December 1984, Pages 733–745, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/18.12.733 Published: 01 December 1984
Drink and drugs fuel sexual health problems in youth, group warns
Authors: Anne Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The link between alcohol, drugs, and risky sexual behaviour among young people is being ignored and could lead to a crisis in sexual health, a report has warned.

The Independent Advisory Group on Sexual Health and HIV, set up by the Department of Health, in England, in 2003, has called for a cross governmental strategy to tackle the problem and for statutory personal, social, and health education to ensure young people receive clear and factual information on the effects of drugs, alcohol, and sex.

The findings come after a recent Unicef study, Child Poverty in Perspective: an Overview of Child Well-Being in Rich Countries , …
Visualization of Cataract
Authors: Donald R. Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> During my 56th year, a posterior subcapsular cataract developed in my left eye. I had noticed only some loss of visual acuity and some photophobia earlier, but as the cataract developed, a peculiar phenomenon occurred that has led me to write this letter. While performing many urinalyses, I had become annoyed that the binocular microscope had visible "dirt" somewhere in the lenses, which I tried to eliminate with various cleaning efforts. I finally sent the microscope out for professional cleaning and when it came back, the alleged "dirt" was still present and I was quite annoyed. Then it struck me that I was not seeing this phenomenon in the scope, but in my eye instead. Under high-power magnification, backing my eye 15 to 20 cm from the lens, I could clearly discern the actual cataract, and it was not fuzzed or fogged by light as other items
Possible novel therapy for diabetes with cell-permeable JNK-inhibitory peptide
Authors: Hideaki Kaneto, Yoshihisa Nakatani, Takeshi Miyatsuka, Dan Kawamori, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Munehide Matsuhisa, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Hidenori Ichijo, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)
Troubles in Medical Academe
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Troubles in United States medical academe continue, and some are sufficiently controversial to attract newspaper attention. A recent example is a spring taken by Bernard D. Davis, MD, from the Sounding Board of The New England Journal of Medicine's May 13 issue (294:1118-1119, 1976). Davis, a member of Harvard's faculty, wrote that criteria for admission to medical school currently are based on qualities of character and motivation, scientific ability and knowledge, and fulfillment of long-ignored social needs. Beyond that, he implied that the last factor had encouraged admission of minority students who prove to be unqualified to meet acceptable standards for receiving the MD degree, which they nevertheless are granted. To put the matter boldly, Davis contended that medical school standards have been stretched to a point dangerous to the public interest, and newspapers promptly wrote stories that sullied medical academe's reputation.  As things turned out, Davis' spring ended in
TRANSTHORACIC ENHANCED DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-ASSESSED ABSENCE OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN THE LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING CORONARY ARTERY RULES OUT CRITICAL RIGHT AND/OR CIRCUMFLEX CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Carlo Caiati, Mario Lepera, Daniela Santoro, Dario Grande, Antonio Tito, Nicola Tarantino, Stefano Favale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Aortic elastic properties in patients with repaired coarctation of aorta
Authors: S.V. Brili, C.I. Aggeli, C. Hatzos, J. Demellis, L. Diamadopoulos, S.T. Vaina, C.I. Stefanadis, C.E. Pitsavos, P.K. Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
SALVARSAN IN GENERAL PARESIS
Authors: E. H. TROWBRIDGE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Early last year I presented an article1 in The Jour- nal, giving the general negative results obtained in the treatment of general paresis with salvarsan by the subcutaneous method of administration.The results were so unsatisfactory, in many cases the salvarsan fail- ing to be absorbed, and the method of administration being so painful, that we discontinued its use and have since used the intravenous method.The following cases were selected with the idea of treating patients in good physical health and showing the fewest possible symptoms, mental and physical, of the ravages of this disease.As is known, patients received in a state institution have run the gauntlet of physicians and quacks and are finally taken there, as to a court of last appeal, the result being that they are generally far enough advanced in the disease to prevent many mistakes being made in diagnosis.Case 1.\p=m-\History.\p=m-\W.B., farmer, aged 43, married, admitted to hospital Feb. 4, 1911.One cousin insane.Previous health J-î'nxI up to two years before admission when symptoms ol' men¬ tal trouble appeared, l'anse ol' trouble given as sunstroke.Patient noisy ami incoherent on admittance.Physical Exaviination.-Nophysical
Transfusions Subsequent to Administration of Universal Donor Blood in Vietnam
Authors: Asa Barnes
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In patients who have received multiple transfusions of universal donor blood, a hemolytic transfusion reaction can develop upon subsequent transfusion with blood of their hereditary group. By careful microscopic examination of the cell grouping, the hereditary group of such patients can be determined. Residual transfused antibody to the patient's hereditary group should be assessed by similar examination of the serum grouping and by further testing the serum grouping with antiglobulin serum. When no antibody is demonstrable, group-specific blood should be given; otherwise group O packed cells minimize the quantity of antibody that is added to the patient's circulation. If microscopic inspection of the RH<sub>0</sub>(D) grouping reveals unagglutinated cells, Rh<sub>0</sub>negative blood should be used until antibody detection tests clarify the patient's Rh<sub>0</sub>status. Experience with six patients has proved this protocol satisfactory.
Playing with fire: an experiment in clinical budgeting.
Authors: S M Lamb, T J David
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Consultant (time spent) Registrar ( ? ? ) Senior house officer ( ? ? ) Nurses ( ? ? ) Physiotherapist ( ? ? ) Social worker ( ? ? ) Dietitian ( ? ? ) Medical/surgical equipment Ceftazidime Intravenous fluids Duration of stay Terbutaline aerosol canister Nebuhaler Vivonex Triosorbon Medium chain triglyc?ride oil Ceres margarine Ketovite tablets Ketovite syrup Pancrease Oral N-acetyl-cysteine Ultrasound liver scan Chest radiograph Barium swallow radiographs Liver function test Urea and electrolytes Sweat electrolytes y-Glutamyl transpeptidase Full blood count Prothrombin time Sputum culture Nasal smear for eosinophils Total IgE Secretarial time General services 6 5 10 40 28 01 4 10 50 240 10 192 08 2 6 1 2 42 70 280 6 05 0-75 002 1 2 0 04 01 1 01 10 005 0 15 2 10 Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Units Grams Hours Days Puffs Units Packets Packets Litre Tubs Tablets ml Capsules Ampoules Examinations Examinations Examinations Test Test Test Test Test Test Test Test Test Hours Days
Prominent Confluence of the Straight and Transverse Sinuses
Authors: ROBERT J. TELEPAK, MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE, MICHAEL A. CAWTHON, JOHN M. BAUMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

An emission computed tomographic (ECAT) scan of the brain performed with Tc-99m DTPA initially was interpreted as showing an occipital lesion. A subsequent contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scan showed this to be an anatomic variant formed by a prominent confluence of the straight and transverse sinuses.
Early treatment of Parkinson's disease Open studies are unreliable
Authors: V Myllyla, E Heinonen
Journal: BMJ (1994)

deciding what to tell patients should be left to the clinical judgment of the doctor.The main problem with this is that doctors have a poor track record in assessing the information needs and emotional needs of patients4 and judging their own skills in communication.' Randomised controlled trials are generally considered to be the best antidote to clinical uncertainty.When there is behavioual uncertainty, such as over how to inform patients about trials, randomised controlled trials should again be the method of choice.Such studies would compare the effects on different groups of patients of different methods of informing them about trials.These methods could vary in the amount and type of information provided, the training of the person providing the information, and the period over which information was given and decisions sought.The impact of these different approaches on emotions, thinking, and decisions could then be assessed.Tobias and Souhami may be correct in their clinical impressions that the practice of obtaining informed consent serves ethical principles more than the needs of patients.These impressions should be tested experimentally.
Sedation in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Marlies E. Ostermann, Sean P. Keenan, Roxanne A. Seiferling, William J. Sibbald
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextSedation has become an integral part of critical care practice in minimizing patient discomfort; however, sedatives have adverse effects and the potential to prolong mechanical ventilation, which may increase health care costs.ObjectiveTo determine which form of sedation is associated with optimal sedation, the shortest time to extubation, and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay.Data SourcesA key word search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Collaboration databases and hand searches of 6 anesthesiology journals from 1980 to June 1998. Experts and industry representatives were contacted, personal files were searched, and reference lists of relevant primary and review articles were reviewed.Study SelectionStudies included were randomized controlled trials enrolling adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation and requiring short-term or long-term sedation. At least 2 sedative agents had to be compared and the quality of sedation, time to extubation, or length of ICU stay analyzed.Data ExtractionData on population, intervention, outcome, and methodological quality were extracted in duplicate by 2 of 3 investigators using 8 validity criteria.Data SynthesisOf 49 identified randomized controlled trials, 32 met our selection criteria; 20 studied short-term sedation and 14, long-term sedation. Of these, 20 compared propofol with midazolam. Most trials were not double-blind and did not report or standardize important cointerventions. Propofol provides at least as effective sedation as midazolam and results in a faster time to extubation, with an increased risk of hypotension and higher cost. Insufficient data exist to determine effect on length of stay in the ICU. Isoflurane demonstrated some advantages over midazolam, and ketamine had a more favorable hemodynamic profile than fentanyl in patients with head injuries.ConclusionConsidering the widespread use of sedation for critically ill patients, more large, high-quality, randomized controlled trials of the effectiveness of different agents for short-term and long-term sedation are warranted.
Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1: Far More Than Just a Gene Regulated in Astrocytes
Authors: Devanand Sarkar, Luni Emdad, Seok-Geun Lee, Byoung Kwon Yoo, Zao-zhong Su, Paul B. Fisher
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Since its original cloning by subtraction hybridization in 2002, it is now evident that Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is a key contributor to the carcinogenic process in diverse organs. AEG-1 protein expression is elevated in advanced stages of many cancers, which correlates with poor survival. In specific cancers, such as breast and liver cancer, the AEG-1 gene itself is amplified, further supporting a seminal role in tumorigenesis. Overexpression and inhibition studies both in in vitro and in in vivo models reveal the importance of AEG-1 in regulating multiple physiologically and pathologically relevant processes including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and gene expression. AEG-1 is a single-pass transmembrane protein with multiple nuclear localization signals and no known domains or motifs. Although pertinent roles of AEG-1 in the carcinogenic process are established, its potential function (promotion of metastasis only versus functioning as a bona fide oncogene) as well as localization (cell surface versus nucleus) remain areas requiring further clarification. The present review critically evaluates what is currently known about AEG-1 and provides new perspectives relative to this intriguing molecule that may provide a rational target for intervening in the cancer phenotype. [Cancer Res 2009;69(22):8529–35]
Metabolism and excretion of nitric oxide in humans. An experimental and clinical study.
Authors: A Wennmalm, G Benthin, A Edlund, L Jungersten, N Kieler-Jensen, S Lundin, U N Westfelt, A S Petersson, F Waagstein
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Despite the increasing insight in the clinical importance of nitric oxide (NO), formerly known as endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), there is limited information about the metabolism and elimination of this mediator in humans. We studied the degradation of NO in healthy subjects inhaling 25 ppm for 60 minutes and in patients with severe heart failure inhaling 20, 40, and 80 ppm in consecutive 10-minute periods. In other healthy subjects, the renal clearance of NO metabolite was measured. The metabolism ex vivo was evaluated by direct incubation of nitrite, the NO oxidation product, in blood from healthy humans. During inhalation of NO, the plasma levels of nitrate increased progressively, both in the healthy subjects (from 26 to 38 mumol/L, P < .001) and in the patients (from 72 to 90 mumol/L, P < .001). Methemoglobin (MetHb) also increased in the healthy subjects (from 7 to 13 mumol/L, P < .001) as well as in the patients (from 19 to 42 mumol/L, P < .01). No change in nitrosohemoglobin (HbNO) was detected, either in the healthy subjects or in the patients. In arterialized blood (O2 saturation, 94% to 99%), incubated nitrite was semiquantitatively converted to nitrate and MetHb. In venous blood (O2 saturation, 36% to 85%) moderate amounts of HbNO were also formed. Plasma and urinary clearance of nitrate in healthy subjects averaged 20 mL/min. We conclude that uptake into the red blood cells with subsequent conversion to nitrate and MetHb is a major metabolic pathway for endogenously formed NO. Nitrate may then enter the plasma to be eliminated via the kidneys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Beyond representational redescription
Authors: Fiona Spensley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

There are a number of elements in the representational redescription (RR) theory which elude definition, including behavioural success, implicit information, endogenous metaprocesses, and the detail of the representational levels. This commentary proposes an information processing approach to the development of cognitive flexibility – the Recursive Re-Representation (3Rs) model (Spensley 1995) – which redefines the developmental process and thereby eliminates these problematic concepts.
The mtDNA Mutation Spectrum of the Progeroid Polg Mutator Mouse Includes Abundant Control Region Multimers
Authors: Siôn L. Williams, Jia Huang, Yvonne J.K. Edwards, Rick H. Ulloa, Lloye M. Dillon, Tomas A. Prolla, Jeffery M. Vance, Carlos T. Moraes, Stephan Züchner
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Australia amends its free trade deal with US to lessen effect on drug costs
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Australian government has agreed to adopt amendments aimed at offering greater protection to makers of generic drugs. The move will lift a possible amendment to legislation currently passing through the Australian parliament which would have jeopardised the passage of a free trade agreement covering a wide range of goods with the United States (News Extra, 7 August).

The opposition Labor Party had proposed amendments that, it argued, would prevent “evergreening,” a practice whereby drug manufacturers apply for new patents for minor changes to drugs that are coming off patent. This practice prevents generic drugs entering the market.

Under Australia's pharmaceutical benefits scheme (PBS), the …
Synergistic Antitumor Activity of Etoposide and Human Interleukin-1 Against Human Melanoma Cells
Authors: N. Usui, E. G. Mimnaugh, B. K. Sinha
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

To investigate the possibility of increased activity of cytotoxic anticancer drugs combined with cytokines, we treated human melanoma cells with combinations of etoposide (VP-16) and human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha). We evaluated the combined cytotoxic effects of VP-16 and rIL-1 alpha using A375-C6 cells, which are sensitive to rIL-1 alpha, and A375-C5 cells, a clonal variant line resistant to rIL-1 alpha. We used the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromid e) assay and the inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. We analyzed data using the median effects principle of Chou and Talalay (Chou's analysis). The calculated combination index values, at a dose ratio of VP-16 to rIL-1 alpha of 12:1 in simultaneous exposure, indicated synergistic cytotoxicity toward both A375-C6 cells and A375-C5 cells. We observed more pronounced synergism with VP-16 and rIL-1 alpha toward the A375-C5 IL-1 alpha-resistant melanoma cells. These results suggest that rIL-1 alpha combined with cytotoxic antitumor drugs may provide increased benefit in the treatment of malignant melanoma.