tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Brief Screening Tool for a Prepubertal and Early Adolescent Bipolar Disorder Phenotype
Authors: Rebecca Tillman, Barbara Geller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: Although there has recently been increased interest in child mania, there is as yet no brief screening tool that separates a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most relevant differential diagnosis. METHOD: Parents of 268 consecutively ascertained subjects (93 with a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype, 81 with ADHD, 94 in a healthy comparison group) completed the 10-item Conners’ Abbreviated Parent Questionnaire, before separate Washington University in St. Louis Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia interviews of parents and children. Data from the Conners’ Abbreviated Parent Questionnaire were analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic methods. RESULTS: A screening algorithm that yielded a sensitivity of 0.73 and a specificity of 0.86 was developed from the Conners’ Abbreviated Parent Questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: The Conners’ Abbreviated Parent Questionnaire is a promising tool as a screen for a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype and has similar sensitivity and specificity to screening tools for adult bipolar disorder.
Association of Genetic Polymorphism of Glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, P1 and Susceptibility to Bladder Cancer
Authors: Daya Shankar Lal Srivastava, Dhruva Kumar Mishra, Anil Mandhani, Balraj Mittal, Anant Kumar, Rama Devi Mittal
Journal: European Urology (2005)
The Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve in the Evaluation of a Random Urine Specimen as a Screening Test for Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Themis Zelmanovitz, Jorge L Gross, Jarbas R Oliveira, Alexandre Paggi, Mariana Tatsch, Mirela J Azevedo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of measurements of urinary albumin concentration (UAC) and urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) in a diurnal random urine specimen (RUS) for the screening of diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 95 ambulatory NIDDM patients (49 women, ages 40–75 years) collected 123 RUSs during the morning after completing a timed 24-h urine collection. Albumin was measured by immunoturbidimetry. According to timed urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) measured in the 24-h collection (criterion standard), samples were classified as normoalbuminuric (UAER &amp;lt; 20 μg/min; n = 54), microalbuminuric (UAER 20–200 μg/min; n = 44), and macroalbuminuric (UAER &amp;gt; 200 μg/min; n = 25). The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve approach was used. The ROC curves of UAC and UACR in RUS for screening of microalbuminuria (normo- and microalbuminuric samples; n = 98) and macroalbuminuria (micro- and macroalbuminuric samples; n = 69) were plotted. RESULTS Spearman's coefficients of correlation of 24-h UAER vs. UAC and UACR were 0.91 and 0.92, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The calculated areas (± SE) under the ROC curves to screen microalbuminuria for UAC (0.9766 ± 0.015) and UACR (0.9689 ± 0.014) were similar (P &amp;gt; 0.05) as were the corresponding areas for macroalbuminuria (0.9868 ± 0.0094 and 0.9614 ± 0.0241, respectively; P &amp;gt; 0.05). The first point with 100% sensitivity and the point of intersection with a 100%-to-100% diagonal for microalbuminuria were as follows: 16.9 and 33.6 mg/l for UAC and 15.0 and 26.8 mg/g for UACR; for macroalbuminuria 174.0 and 296.2 mg/l for UAC and 116.0 and 334.3 mg/g for UACR, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Albumin measurements (UAC and UACR) in an RUS presented almost perfect accuracy for the screening of micro- and macroalbuminuria and UAC measured in an RUS is simpler and less expensive than UACR and UAER. It is suggested as a valid test for use in screening for diabetic nephropathy.
Renal effects of nitroprusside and hydralazine in patients with congestive heart failure.
Authors: J J Cogan, M H Humphreys, C J Carlson, E Rapaport
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The acute effects of nitroprusside infusion and intravenous hydralazine on renal hemodynamics and function were evaluated in nine male patients with severe, low cardiac output, congestive heart failure (CHF). Both drugs resulted in marked systemic hemodynamic improvement. Nitroprusside had a more profound effect on pulmonary artery pressure, while hydralazine produced a greater elevation in cardiac output. Significant decreases in both systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure with increases in stroke volume and stroke work index were noted with both drugs. Total renal resistance decreased and renal blood flow (RBF) significantly increased with both drugs, while the distribution of cardiac output to the kidney remained depressed. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not change significantly with either drug, although increases in GFR were seen in selected patients in whom RBF increased by more than 10% from control. The fraction of plasma filtered decreased toward normal with both drugs and excretion of total cations was significantly increased. These changes all represent improvements in systemic and renal hemodynamic abnormalities occurring in patients with CHF; their maintenance during long-term therapy would facilitate patient management.
Amino Acids and Respiration
Authors: CHARLES WEISSMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Parenteral nutrition containing glucose and amino acids may stimulate respiration. To ascertain the effects of these solutions on respiration, eight normal subjects received an infusion of 5% dextrose (100 mL/h) for 7 days followed by an infusion of 3.5% amino acids (125 mL/h) for 24 hours. Minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume, mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production were significantly depressed after 7 days of 5% dextrose infusion. Ventilation and metabolic rate increased within 4 hours after initiation of the amino acid infusion and returned to normal 24 hours after the infusion. The effect of the amino acids on (VE) was secondary to an increase in (VT/TI), which is an indicator of neuromuscular ventilatory drive. Thus, within 4 hours amino acids will restore depressed metabolic rate, minute ventilation, and ventilatory drive after prolonged infusion of 5% dextrose.
Diagnosis of Unilateral Renal Artery Lesions After Captopril Administration
Authors: Clarence E. Grim
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Thibonnier et al<sup>1</sup>is seriously flawed by several problems. The first is the matter of renal artery stenosis causing hypertension. This is a retrospective diagnosis that is realized only when correction of the stenosis or removal of the kidney results in a sustained cure of the hypertension. The authors present no evidence to suggest a sustained cure of elevated blood pressure in their patients (average follow-up of three months). Therefore, what they appear to have shown is that 100% of patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis will have a renal vein renin ratio of 1.5 or more after captopril therapy. Surely they do not believe that every patient with unilateral renal artery stenosis has renovascular hypertension, as seems to be their claim. If this is true, then one would not need to measure renal vein renins at all but only look at the
A Meta-Analysis Reporting Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Patients Without Heart Failure
Authors: Gianluigi Savarese, Pierluigi Costanzo, John George Franklin Cleland, Enrico Vassallo, Donatella Ruggiero, Giuseppe Rosano, Pasquale Perrone-Filardi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
880. Towards a Gene Therapy Treatment for Peripheral Vascular Disease – High Level of Expression of Angiogenic Genes in Rat Limb Muscle Following Intravenous Delivery of Plasmid DNAs
Authors: Weijun Cheng, Julia O. Hegge, Vladimir Subbotin, Steven Coakley, James E. Hagstrom
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Despite a lack of success in clinical trials, gene therapy remains a highly promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. The precise reasons for the poor success rates in the clinical studies remain unclear but it has been postulated that low levels of angiogenic gene transfer and expression may be a primary contributing factor.
Idiopathic Hypogammaglobulinemia and Agammaglobulinemia
Authors: Gerard Seltzer, Samuel Baron, Milton Toporek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

IN 1952 Bruton1 introduced the term "agammaglobulinemia" to describe a new syndrome. The subject of his paper was an eight-year-old boy who contracted repeated respiratory and blood-stream infections, often with the same organism. He was subsequently found to be unable to produce antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharide, diphtheria toxoid and typhoid vaccine. Electrophoretic analysis of the plasma demonstrated virtually complete absence of gamma globulin. Since that time about 24 new cases have been reported,2 , 7 8 9 10 11 4 in adult men and 1 in an adult woman. An additional case is presented here, and the literature reviewed.Case ReportD.H. (U.H. 770190), a 27-year-old . . .
The Egg Trade — Making Sense of the Market for Human Oocytes
Authors: Debora Spar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Debora Spar and Emily Galpern on the U.S. market for human oocytes. (09:21)Download Anna Behrens is 24 years old. Tall and slim, she is working toward her Ph.D. in art history at an Ivy League school. During her undergraduate years, Anna accumulated $27,000 in credit-card debt. In the fall of 2005, frustrated by her economic straits, Anna answered an advertisement in her university's magazine promising $25,000 to a "tall, athletic woman" willing to "give a gift of life and love." Anna visited the agent who had placed the ad, underwent medical tests at a fertility clinic, and met the couple that was searching for eggs. Through the agent, they offered her $20,000 plus . . .
Talking about Treatment
Authors: Richard Saitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters4 January 2000Talking about TreatmentRichard Saitz, MD, MPHRichard Saitz, MD, MPHBoston University School of Medicine; Boston, MA 02118 (Saitz)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-1-200001040-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Steiner (1) explored the implications of telling patients a number needed to treat (NNT) versus a relative risk reduction (RRR) when summarizing the benefit of a therapy. He described the choice between the two statistics as a dilemma. A third alternative, however, is simply to present the absolute risks of the alternative courses of action. The concept of risk should be no less accessible to patients than the calculated values of NNT and RRR. If patients are anything like physicians (2), the absolute risk should in fact be easier for most patients to understand and more relevant ...References1. Steiner JF. Talking about treatment: the language of populations and the language of individuals. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:618-22. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Kong A, Barnett GO, Mosteller F, Youtz C. How medical professionals evaluate expressions of probability. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:740-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, MA 02118 (Saitz) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTalking about Treatment: The Language of Populations and the Language of Individuals John F. Steiner Talking about Treatment Kenneth M. Kessler Talking about Treatment John C. Peirce Talking about Treatment Bimal P. Jain Talking about Treatment Benjamin Djulbegovic , Gary H. Lyman , and Iztok Hozo Metrics Cited byProzess des Risikomanagements 4 January 2000Volume 132, Issue 1Page: 93KeywordsAbsolute risk reductionAntihypertensive drug therapyCardiovascular therapyElderlyHypertensionNumber needed to treatRelative risk Issue Published: 4 January 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hypoglycemia at Admission in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Predicts a Higher 30-Day Mortality in Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Than in Well-Controlled Patients
Authors: Sang Ah Lee, Suk Ju Cho, Myung Ho Jeong, Young Jo Kim, Chong Jin Kim, Myeong Chan Cho, Hyo-Soo Kim, Youngkeun Ahn, Gwanpyo Koh, Jeong mi Lee, Seok Kyu Oh, Kyeong Ho Yun, Ha Young Kim, Chung Gu Cho, Dae Ho Lee
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the association between hypoglycemia at admission and 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to determine whether these associations differed according to diabetes-control status in AMI patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed the prognostic significance of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in 34,943 AMI patients with or without type 2 diabetes from two AMI registries: the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) and the Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction (KorMI). RESULTS The patients were divided into five groups according to serum-glucose levels at admission: &amp;lt;3.9 mmol/L (&amp;lt;70 mg/dL); 3.9–7.72 mmol/L (70–139 mg/dL); 7.78–11.06 mmol/L (140–199 mg/dL); 11.11–14.39 mmol/L (200–259 mg/dL); and ≥14.44 mmol/L (≥260 mg/dL). The 30-day mortality rates in the lowest and highest glucose groups were higher than those in other groups; the lowest glucose group had the highest mortality for patients with type 2 diabetes, after adjusting for multiple factors. We also extracted and compared four subgroups from the patients with type 2 diabetes, based on hemoglobin A1c and serum-glucose levels at admission: group A, &amp;lt;6.5% (48 mmol/mol) and &amp;lt;3.9 mmol/L; group B, &amp;lt;6.5% (48 mmol/mol) and ≥11.11 mmol/L; group C, ≥8% (64 mmol/mol) and &amp;lt;3.9 mmol/L; and group D, ≥8% (64 mmol/mol) and ≥11.11 mmol/L. Group C had the highest 30-day mortality rate among the groups. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that hypoglycemia at admission affects clinical outcomes differently in AMI patients with type 2 diabetes depending on the diabetes-control status.
Informed consent: study of quality of information given to participants in a clinical trial.
Authors: N Lynoe, M Sandlund, G Dahlqvist, L Jacobsson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether the participants in a clinical trial had perceived adequate information about the trial according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. DESIGN--About 18 months after the end of a gynaecological clinical trial the participants received a questionnaire by post, which focused on the quality of the information given to them before entering the trial. Neither researchers nor participants were aware in advance that the trial would become the subject of this follow up investigation. SETTING--Eight different centres in Sweden. SUBJECTS--43 women out of the 53 who completed the trial (mean (range) age 23 (16 to 35) years) returned the questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Adequacy of the information (based on requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki) to enable the following: understanding of the aims of the study; awareness of what participation meant; and awareness of the possibility of withdrawing from participation at any time. Motives for agreeing to participate, and a subjective evaluation of the given information were also recorded. RESULTS--All but one of the participants had been aware that they were taking part in a research project. Five women stated that they had not been aware that a second laparoscopy was performed only for research reasons. Seven women reported that they had not been aware of the meaning of participating in the project and 17 that they had had no information about the possibility of withdrawing from the study whenever they wanted. In the subjective rating 22 women considered the information given as good or very good. There was a systematic variation in the quality of the given information among the eight centres. CONCLUSION--Although all but one of the participants had been aware that they were taking part in a clinical trial, the quality of the information understood and recalled by participants varied, and in many cases clearly did not meet the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Variations among centres in participants9 perception of information suggest that deficiencies in perception may be caused by informers rather than the participants.
Endothelin 1 enhances myofilament Ca2+ responsiveness in aequorin-loaded ferret myocardium.
Authors: J X Wang, G Paik, J P Morgan
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The influence of endothelin 1 on intracellular Ca2+ transients and isometric contractions was investigated in ferret papillary muscles loaded with the Ca(2+)-regulated bioluminescent indicator aequorin. In concentrations of 3 x 10(-9) to 1 x 10(-7) M, endothelin produced dose-dependent increases in the amplitudes of both aequorin light signals (maximum, 31 +/- 12%) and developed tension (maximum, 64 +/- 13%). The peak aequorin light [( Ca2+]i)-peak tension curve generated by increasing endothelin concentrations was steeper and shifted to the left of the curve generated by varying [Ca2+]o; however, the maximum developed tension produced by endothelin did not exceed that produced by 6 mM [Ca2+]o. The effect of endothelin on the amplitude of the aequorin light signal was less than the effect of [Ca2+]o for similar levels of tension development. Moreover, 1 x 10(-7) M endothelin caused an upward shift in the peak aequorin light-peak tension curve generated by varying [Ca2+]o and increased the maximum twitch force by about 12%. The contractions were prolonged, whereas the time course of the Ca2+ transient was not changed in the presence of endothelin. When the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum was inhibited by 6 microM ryanodine, 10(-7) M endothelin still increased the force generation without increasing the intracellular peak Ca2+, either during isometric twitches or during tetani.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Low-dose Intravitreal Cidofovir (HPMPC) Therapy of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Ibrahim Taskintuna, Firas M. Rahhal, J. Fernando Arevalo, David Munguia, Alay S. Banker, Erik De Clercq, William R. Freeman
Journal: Ophthalmology (1997)
Immunogenicity of a supplemental dose of oral versus inactivated poliovirus vaccine
Authors: B.J. Moriniere, F.P.L. van Loon, P.H. Rhodes, P.A. Patriarca, B.J. Moriniere, M.-L. Klein-Zabban, J.E. Herrington, B. Frank-Senat
Journal: The Lancet (1993)
Management of heart failure. IV. Anticoagulation for patients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: D. W. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —This article reviews the incidence of arterial thromboembolism in patients with heart failure who are not receiving anticoagulants. We also examine whether more severe ventricular dysfunction increases this incidence and the efficacy and risks of anticoagulation for patients in sinus rhythm. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —English-language studies referenced in MEDLINE or EMBASE (January 1966 to September 1993) were reviewed. We used the search terms<i>heart failure, congestive; congestive heart failure; heart failure; cardiac failure</i>; and<i>dilated cardiomyopathy</i>in conjunction with the terms<i>anticoagulation, cerebrovascular disorders, stroke</i>, and<i>thromboembolism</i>. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —All studies with separate data for patients with chronic heart failure not receiving anticoagulants were included. Articles addressing valvular heart disease or heart failure secondary to acute myocardial infarction or Chagas' disease were excluded. Studies of the occurrence of left ventricular mural thrombi were also reviewed. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis.</h3> —Inclusion and exclusion criteria, prevalence of atrial fibrillation, mean follow-up, and the occurrence of arterial thromboembolic events were extracted. If the incidence was not given, this was estimated using the proportion of patients with events divided by the mean follow-up. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —The incidence of arterial thromboembolism ranged from 0.9 to 5.5 events per 100 patient-years, with the largest studies reporting incidence of 2.0% and 2.4%. Findings regarding the relationship between ventricular function and thromboembolic events are contradictory. No controlled trial has assessed the efficacy or risks of anticoagulation for patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm, and reported efficacy in case series ranged from 0% to 100%. Until adequate studies are performed, anticoagulation should be discouraged for patients with heart failure who are in sinus rhythm. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1614-1618)
The Progress and Prospects of Psychiatry
Authors: Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In the early 1970s, many of my physician friends expressed surprise and disappointment at my decision to begin a residency in psychiatry after several years of training in internal medicine and duty as an army flight surgeon. "You're a good doctor. Why do you want to leave medicine?" My protests that I didn't think I was leaving medicine and hoped to be a good doctor specializing in psychiatry were often met with looks of exasperation. Whatever basis those prejudices about psychiatry might have had 20 years ago has been all but eliminated by the remarkable developments in this specialty since that time. According to the report of the American Medical Association's Council on Long Range Planning and Development published in this issue ofThe Journal,<sup>1</sup>the future of psychiatry promises to be exciting and productive. To provide additional context for the Council Report's extensively documented assessment of psychiatry's current
Anatomy. A Regional Atlas of the Human Body.
Authors: Carmine D. Clemente
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

years 1983-5 inclusive.The author provides a brief introduction to each of the 18 chapters that relate in turn to developmental, morphological, chemical and functional topics including secretory mechanisms and their control, associated neurotransmitters and neuropeptides.Although one would strongly disagree with the occasional statement, such as "the adrenal medulla ... is composed of a homogenous population of catecholamine-containing cells" (p.66), the publication is a very useful and valuable one for those working on these and related topics.Furthermore, its value is greatly enhanced by the excellent indexes which related to both subject and author.Stephen Carmichael is to be congratulated on producing a quick reference source of the many original papers published on adrenal medullary chromaffin cells during 1983, 1984 and 1985: it is highly recommended for research neurobiologists, neuroendocrinologists and neurochemists working in these and related fields.
Effective asparagine depletion with pegylated asparaginase results in improved outcomes in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9511
Authors: Meir Wetzler, Ben L. Sanford, Joanne Kurtzberg, Divino DeOliveira, Stanley R. Frankel, Bayard L. Powell, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Clara D. Bloomfield, Richard A. Larson
Journal: Blood (2007)