tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence, Management, and Immediate- and Long-Term Outcomes After Iatrogenic Aortic Dissection During Diagnostic or Interventional Coronary Procedures
Authors: Iván J. Núñez-Gil, Daniel Bautista, Enrico Cerrato, Pablo Salinas, Ferdinando Varbella, Pierluigi Omedè, Fabrizio Ugo, Alfonso Ielasi, Massimo Giammaria, Raúl Moreno, María José Pérez-Vizcayno, Javier Escaned, José Alberto De Agustin, Gisela Feltes, Carlos Macaya, Antonio Fernández-Ortiz
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Aortic dissection type A is a disease with high mortality. Iatrogenic aortic dissection after interventional procedures is infrequent, and prognostic data are scarce. Our objective was to analyze its incidence, patient profile, and long-term prognosis.Between 2000 and 2014, we retrospectively analyzed 74 patients with dissection of the ascending aorta. Clinical and procedural data were reviewed, and later, we performed a prospective clinical follow-up by telephone or in the office. The incidence of aortic dissection was 0.06%. Our patients, predominantly male (67.6%), had a mean age of 66.9±10.8 years. With multiple cardiovascular risk factors, the main reason for cardiac catheterization was an acute coronary syndrome (n=54). The complication was detected acutely in all, trying to engage the right coronary artery in 47 and the left main artery in 30 and after other maneuvers in 2, mostly complex therapeutic procedures (78.4%). A coronary artery was involved in 45 patients (60.8%). Thirty-five patients underwent an angioplasty and stent implantation; 3 had cardiac surgery; and 36 were managed conservatively. Two patients died of cardiogenic shock after the dissection. After a median follow-up of 51.2 months (range, 16.4-104.8 months), none of the remaining patients developed complications as a result of the dissection, progression, ischemia, pain, or dissection recurrence.Iatrogenic catheter dissection of the aorta is a rare complication that carries an excellent short- and long-term prognosis with the adoption of a conservative approach. When a coronary artery is involved as an entry point, it usually can be safely sealed with a stent with good long-term outcomes.
Medical and psychosocial effects of early discharge after surgery for breast cancer: randomised trial
Authors: J. Bonnema, A. M E A van Wersch, A. N van Geel, J. F A Pruyn, P. I M Schmitz, M. A Paul, T. Wiggers
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the medical and psychosocial effects of early hospital discharge after surgery for breast cancer on complication rate, patient satisfaction, and psychosocial outcomes. <b>Design:</b> Randomised trial comparing discharge from hospital 4 days after surgery (with drain in situ) with discharge after drain removal (mean 9 days in hospital). Psychosocial measurements performed before surgery and 1 and 4 months after. <b>Setting:</b> General hospital and cancer clinic in Rotterdam with a socioeconomically diverse population. <b>Subjects:</b> 125 women with operable breast cancer. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Incidence of complications after surgery for breast cancer, patient satisfaction with treatment, and psychosocial effects of short stay or long stay in hospital. <b>Results:</b> Patient satisfaction with the short stay in hospital was high; only 4% (2/56 at 1 month after surgery and 2/52 at 4 months after surgery) of patients indicated that they would have preferred a longer stay. There were no significant differences in duration of drainage from the axilla between the short stay and long stay groups (median 8 <i>v</i> 9 days respectively, P=0.45) or the incidence of wound complications (10 patients <i>v</i> 9 patients). The median number of seroma aspirations per patient was higher for the long stay group (1 <i>v</i> 3.5, P=0.04). Leakage along the drain occurred more frequently in short stay patients (21 <i>v</i> 10 patients, P=0.04). The two groups did not differ in scores for psychosocial problems (uncertainty, anxiety, loneliness, disturbed sleep, loss of control, threat to self esteem), physical or psychological complaints, or in the coping strategies used. Before surgery, short stay patients scored higher on scales of depression (P=0.03) and after surgery they were more likely to discuss their disease with their families (at 1 month P=0.004, at 4 months P=0.04). <b>Conclusions:</b> Early discharge from hospital after surgery for breast cancer is safe and is well received by patients. Early discharge seems to enhance the opportunity for social support within the family. <h3>Key messages</h3> Early discharge from hospital after breast cancer surgery does not lead to an increase in the incidence of wound infection or seroma formation A short stay in hospital, with support from community nurses on the patient9s return home, is acceptable to patients Psychosocial rehabilitation is not influenced by early discharge Recovery in the family environment may facilitate discussion of the illness Patients recovering from surgery for breast cancer need not spend more than three days in hospital provided that they are in good physical condition and there is adequate nursing support available in the community
Should Medical Journals Try to Influence Political Debates?
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

When Dr. E. Ratcliffe Anderson, the American Medical Association's executive vice president, announced on January 15, 1999, that he had fired the editor-in-chief of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), he said that an important factor in his decision was the publication of a research article on the sexual attitudes of college students. It was not just the content of the article that was at issue, he said, but the fact that the article had been advanced for publication ahead of schedule with the intent of influencing a major political debate. In this case, the issue studied was . . .
Differences in skin‐prick and patch‐test reactivity are related to the heterogeneity of atopic eczema in infants
Authors: O. M. Kekki, K. Turjanmaa, E. Isolauri
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Current data indicate an obvious relation between food allergy and atopic eczema in infants. However, diagnostic methods for food allergy need to be supplemented. The objective was to study the relevance of food patch testing in the detection of food allergy in correlation with oral food challenge and skin prick tests in atopic infants. Infants with atopic eczema (n = 113) aged 2-24 months were studied. Each patient was subjected to double-blind, placebo-controlled, or open cow's milk challenge, and skin prick and patch tests. Polysensitization, as judged from skin test results, was common in patients with atopic eczema (79/113). Cow's milk challenge was positive in 54/113 infants; reactions were immediate in 36/54 and delayed in 18/54. Immediate-type reactions were associated with skin prick test positivity and delayed reactions with patch test positivity. Altogether 26% of the cow's milk-allergic infants were detected by patch testing only. Patch testing improved the accuracy of skin testing in the diagnosis of food allergy in infants with atopic eczema, but it needs to be standardized. Polysensitization appears to be more common than generally believed among infants with atopic eczema.
Charles Kay Warrick
Authors: Peter Hacking, Phil Owen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer head, academic department of radiology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne (b 1915; q St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1940; CBE, FRCS Ed, FRCR), d 18 June 2006.



Figure 1



Charles initially trained in surgery but in 1946 became first assistant to the radiology department of the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, where he remained for the rest of his career. He was appointed clinical teacher in 1949 at the Medical School of the University of Durham, later Newcastle upon Tyne, becoming lecturer and head of the academic department of radiology from its foundation in 1961 until his retirement in 1980. He was a founder member of the International Skeletal Society, and his many publications on a wide variety of topics led to an honorary FRCP. He undertook committee and advisory duties too numerous to mention, including for the Royal College of Radiologists. He never married.
A glycoprotein associated with the membrane fraction of human B but not T lymphocytes.
Authors: S Fujita, S D Litwin, N Hartman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

A method is described which employs differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation to isolate a membrane fraction from human lymphocytes. Membrane preparations from long-term human cultured B- and T-lymphoid lines, peripheral blood lymphocytes, tonsillar lymphocytes, and thymocytes were analyzed on 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate-7.5% polyacrylamide gels stained for protein and carbohydrate. The most important finding was a major glycoprotein of approximately 30,000 daltons associated with the membrane preparations from B lymphocytes. T-lymphocyte preparations did not contain readily detectable amounts of this membrane-associated component. The T-cell lymphoid line MOLT-4 was unique in that it had a narrow protein band at approximately 30,000 daltons which did not contain carbohydrate.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of a Geriatric Assessment Unit in a Community Rehabilitation Hospital
Authors: William B. Applegate, Stephen T. Miller, Marshall J. Graney, Janet T. Elam, Robert Burns, Derene E. Akins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

We conducted a randomized trial in a community rehabilitation hospital to determine the effect of treatment in a geriatric assessment unit on the physical function, institutionalization rate, and mortality of elderly patients. Functionally impaired elderly patients (mean age, 78.8 years) who were recovering from acute medical or surgical illnesses and were considered at risk for nursing home placement were randomly assigned either to the geriatric assessment unit (n = 78) or to a control group that received usual care (n = 77). The two groups were similar at entry and were stratified according to the perceived risk of an immediate nursing home placement.
Concerted Evolution of Life Stage Performances Signals Recent Selection on Yeast Nitrogen Use
Authors: Sebastian Ibstedt, Simon Stenberg, Sara Bagés, Arne B. Gjuvsland, Francisco Salinas, Olga Kourtchenko, Jeevan K.A. Samy, Anders Blomberg, Stig W. Omholt, Gianni Liti, Gemma Beltran, Jonas Warringer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Exposing natural selection driving phenotypic and genotypic adaptive differentiation is an extraordinary challenge. Given that an organism's life stages are exposed to the same environmental variations, we reasoned that fitness components, such as the lag, rate, and efficiency of growth, directly reflecting performance in these life stages, should often be selected in concert. We therefore conjectured that correlations between fitness components over natural isolates, in a particular environmental context, would constitute a robust signal of recent selection. Critically, this test for selection requires fitness components to be determined by different genetic loci. To explore our conjecture, we exhaustively evaluated the lag, rate, and efficiency of asexual population growth of natural isolates of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a large variety of nitrogen-limited environments. Overall, fitness components were well correlated under nitrogen restriction. Yeast isolates were further crossed in all pairwise combinations and coinheritance of each fitness component and genetic markers were traced. Trait variations tended to map to quantitative trait loci (QTL) that were private to a single fitness component. We further traced QTLs down to single-nucleotide resolution and uncovered loss-of-function mutations in RIM15, PUT4, DAL1, and DAL4 as the genetic basis for nitrogen source use variations. Effects of SNPs were unique for a single fitness component, strongly arguing against pleiotropy between lag, rate, and efficiency of reproduction under nitrogen restriction. The strong correlations between life stage performances that cannot be explained by pleiotropy compellingly support adaptive differentiation of yeast nitrogen source use and suggest a generic approach for detecting selection.
Was message of sudden infant death study misleading?
Authors: Jonathan Gornall
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An investigation by the BMJ has uncovered serious concerns about an important paper on sudden infant deaths recurring within a family.The paper has featured in the appeal case at several recent high profile murder appeals and has also influenced international practiceIn January 2005 the Lancet published an analysis of data on babies born to parents who had previously had a baby who died suddenly and unexpectedly. 1John Emery, a highly respected paediatric pathologist and expert on sudden infant death, was listed as the paper's seventh author, although he died in May 2000, more than two years before the first draft was completed and three years before the paper was submitted to the Lancet.The six other authors acknowledged in the paper that Professor Emery was "largely responsible for the setting up of this study and for investigation of the earlier cases" but played no part in drafting it.However, they did not make clear that after Professor Emery's death they recategorised deaths that he had classed as unnatural or of indeterminate cause as natural deaths.Furthermore, evidence of Professor Emery's views shortly before his death in May 2000 suggests that his name has been used to support a conclusion with which he would not have agreed.
Health check ups for all?
Authors: M G Marmot, A Haines
Journal: BMJ (1991)

lack of confidence in the NHS organising itself to meet this challenge.The private sector will realise, however, that purchasers will have finite funds and care will be rationed.Providing these facilities on a large scale may therefore be a risky investment.A new lead from the centre is needed.The existence of these patients needs urgent recognition followed by an acceptance that providing them with services remains the responsibility of local mental illness and mental handicap services.Some deprived inner city areas seem to have more than their fair share of such patients,2' 26 further supporting arguments against the current allocation of resources on a per caput basis.27University departments of psychiatry, which have previously lent academic respectability to some of today's disastrous policies, should turn more of their attention to the casualties of community care and as different models of care evolve they should be properly evaluated.28`30The biggest problem, as always, is money.Without adequate capital for providing the necessary facilities any new policy will ultimately flounder.
Liver function and pharmacological considerations in pathogenesis and treatment of portal hypertension
Authors: JÜRg Reichen
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The cure of the principal and most lethal consequence of portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, has long been the domain of surgeons and lately of procedure-oriented endoscopists.This situation has dramatically changed because of three important, intertwined developments: clinician with important information on factors such as tolerance of portosystemic shunt surgery, likelihood of bleeding and probability of survival (2).Reviews of the different methods to measure flow and pressure are available (3-5).Several advances in the past few yearsThe realization that portal hypertension is a systemic disease with profound changes in the activity of the autonomous nervous system.Among the most prominent hemodynamic alterations are a hyperdynamic state with increased cardiac output and markedly decreased peripheral vascular resistance.The finding that different humoral factors are important in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension.This suggests the presence of a reversible component in portal hypertension and opens an avenue to pharmacological intervention.An ever-increasing number of randomized, controlled trials demonstrates effective primary and secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding.This exciting development was initiated by Lebrec's landmark study (1) reporting the beneficial effect of f3-blockade on recurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis.
404 PERFORMANCE OF ACOUSTIC RADIATION FORCE IMPULSE IMAGING IN THE NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF LIVER FIBROSIS, IN COMPARISON TO UNIDIMENSIONAL TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY
Authors: M. Lupsor, R. Badea, H. Stefanescu, A. Serban, Z. Sparchez, H. Branda, A. Maniu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Analysis of baseline parameters in the HALT polycystic kidney disease trials
Authors: Vicente E. Torres, Arlene B. Chapman, Ronald D. Perrone, K. Ty Bae, Kaleab Z. Abebe, James E. Bost, Dana C. Miskulin, Theodore I. Steinman, William E. Braun, Franz T. Winklhofer, Marie C. Hogan, Frederic R. Oskoui, Cass Kelleher, Amirali Masoumi, James Glockner, Neil J. Halin, Diego R. Martin, Erick Remer, Nayana Patel, Ivan Pedrosa, Louis H. Wetzel, Paul A. Thompson, J Philip Miller, Catherine M. Meyers, Robert W. Schrier
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX IN THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: A Clinical Study of Eighteen Cases
Authors: C. H. Vrooman
Journal: BMJ (1915)

AARTIFIIAT PNEIEMOTHORAX IN TREATMENT OF PMTHAISIS.rtMDA3 UB 285.some solution, such as permanganate-the only disin- fectant we lhad in any quantity in the earlier days; later, whe'n we had supplies, hydrogen peroxide was substituted, anid, as a result, parotitis, otitis, and otlher naso'phlaryngeal disturbances disappeared.Constantlv swabbing the backl of tlle throat considerably ameliorated the condition of deafness.Patients who were able were taught to gargle periodically throualgout the day, and as a result thle laryngeal trouble was improved.Circulatory Disturbances.Anotlher condition wh-icll caused us muclh anxiety, and wllicli occurred frequently in astlhenic cases, was tlle circtulatory t. oub]e.For a considerable time we were ulnable to account for this.All. that we noticed to begin with was tlhat thle feet and hancls becam-le blue and cold anid tlle pulse small andi threadyy indicating a general cairdiac failure.B1ut, apart from thiis, we7 found tlhat We lhad to deal witlh local degenerative troubles.Patclles of, redlness usually appeared on the feet, active congestion evidently occurring tllere, and later this was followed by patelhes of gangrene.Sometimes tlle toes would be sym- miietrically affected, would disorgaiize and fall off.We lhad two cases in wliich thle nose was affected.The fingers, tlhouglh frequently showing the earlier signs, never, in cases under rny observation, went on to gangrene, but, in fact, completely r.ecovered.The general plan adopted in these cases was tlhat, when the feet slhowed coldness and blueness, hot-water bottles were at once applied, and a supporting treatment was also adopted.Strychnine and digitalis were frequently inijected, brancly occasionally administered, and, when possible, massage was given.If thje condition of the extremities dlid not improve under this treatment but pro- ceeded to redness, then evaporating lotions vere applied, and tlhese measures met witlh a fair amount of success.If one were to form a surmise one mighlt venture to say that the extremities were tlle parts most likely to become imiorbid, in view of the fact that they were thle parts exposed to tlle detrimental action of frost and cold in the trenclhes, and that in all cases it might be said there was a p)revious degenerative disturbance due to long exposure to cold.It is well kinown, for instance, that a frost-bite, once obtained, leads to a tendency to recurrence under con- ditions which would not otlerwise produce a frost-bite,
UpToDate in Nephrology and Hypertension
Authors: Nadine Bazilinski
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This is a large software program written by experts. It contains information equal in importance to that of a major multivolume textbook. It gives the user access to concise and complete discussions of all aspects of current nephrology. It is organized into referenced articles one or more pages long called  cards.  To use this program, one starts at the search card screen. There, the menu bar presents choices: file, edit, go , and control . Selecting control brings down new search, last search, recent cards, table of contents, and vocabulary. One can find a topic card either by typing in a search word or by scrolling through a list. While reading the text on the computer screen one can toggle the list of references on and off; click to view illustrations, figures, tables, graphs, or other topic cards; or choose to paste the search card on a word processor file for
Histologic changes associated with ultraviolet A-induced erythema in normal human skin
Authors: Barbara A. Gilchrest, Nicholas A. Soter, John L.M. Hawk, Robert M. Barr, Ann K. Black, Christopher N. Hensby, Anthony I. Mallet, Malcolm W. Greaves, John A. Parrish
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1983)
Value of duplex and color doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of orbital vascular flow and resistance in sickle cell disease
Authors: Kairgeldy Aikimbaev, Birol Guvenc, Abdullah Canataroglu, Hatice Canataroglu, Fikri Baslamisli, Mahmut Oguz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess and to compare the orbital and retinal vascular flow dynamics and resistance in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease with controls by means of duplex and color Doppler ultrasonography. Forty‐six patients with homozygous sickle cell disease (SCD) and 20 healthy subjects were included in the study. None of the patients had objective signs of ocular involvement. Duplex and color Doppler ultrasonography of the ophthalmic, short posterior ciliary, and central retinal arterial flows of the both eyes were performed to assess peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV), end‐diastolic flow velocity (EDFV), and mean flow velocity (MFV) through entire cardiac cycle with further calculation of resistive indices (RI) and pulsatility indices (PI). Ophthalmic arterial flow velocities were significantly increased in patients with SCD than in controls ( P &lt; 0.0001). Blood flow velocities of the central retinal artery were found to be significantly reduced ( P &lt; 0.0001) while RI and PI values were markedly higher ( P &lt; 0.02 and P &lt; 0.03) in patients with SCD compared to controls. Reduction of retinal vascular flow velocities and increase of retinal vascular resistance were significantly related to the mean hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, red blood cell count, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin volume ( P &lt; 0.009, P &lt; 0.01, P &lt; 0.02, and P &lt; 0.04, respectively). In conclusion, Doppler ultrasonography in patients with SCD who had no objective signs of ocular involvement allowed detection enhancement of ophthalmic flow velocities, reduced retinal flow velocities, and increased retinal vascular resistance, which are associated with haematological features. Am. J. Hematol. 67:163–167, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Insulin Regimens in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hannele Yki-Järvinen, Marjut Kauppila, Eila Kujansuu, Jorma Lahti, Tapani Marjanen, Leo Niskanen, Sulo Rajala, Leena Ryysy, Seppo Salo, Pentti Seppälä, Timo Tulokas, Jorma Viikari, Jukka Karjalainen, Marja-Riitta Taskinen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Insulin is widely used to improve metabolic control in patients with non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), but there is no consensus about the optimal regimen of insulin treatment.