tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INCIDENCE AND SONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF BACTERIAL ILEOCAECITIS MASQUERADING AS APPENDICITIS
Authors: JulienB.C.M. Puylaert, ReinoudJ. Vermeijden, SjoerdD.J. Van Der Werf, Lieuwe Doornbos, RobertK.J. Koumans
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
Cigarettes could be classified as drugs in US
Authors: J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said last week that it was prepared to reclassify nicotine as a drug on the grounds that it is an addictive substance. This could lead to more stringent tobacco regulation and even a ban on cigarettes. In a letter to several health organisations Commissioner David Kessler said last Friday that the FDA had found that tobacco manufacturers manipulate the nicotine content in cigarettes during processing to promote addiction. …
TCT-416 Did the RIVAL Trial Increase Transradial Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction? Results from Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction Registry
Authors: Hye Won Lee, Jinhee Ahn, Kwang Soo Cha, Jeong Cheon Choi, Jong Hyun Choi, Jung Hyun Choi, Taek Jong Hong, Hye Yoon Jang, Jun-Hyok Oh, Eunyoung Yun
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Sex---can you get it right?
Authors: J. E C Round
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Neonatologists often get the sex of their patients wrong. A review of the literature on identifying sex from facial appearances yielded one small study from Nashville, Tennessee.1 The low level of success (60%) found by the study suggests either that sex specific characteristics are inconsistent or that adults do not notice them. We wondered whether newborn babies' sex could be determined from their facial characteristics; whether particular facial characteristics, such as delicacy, were associated with the attribution of sex; and whether adults' degree of contact with neonates increased accuracy. The study was approved by the research and ethics committee at Guy's Hospital.

Thirty babies born at term were enrolled consecutively on the postnatal ward at Guy's Hospital. Unwell babies and babies who were not fully Afro-Caribbean or white were excluded. The babies were wrapped, with the face left exposed, and photographed. Eight photographs of Afro-Caribbean babies and 16 of white babies …
Abstract 200: Identification of proteins involved in c-Myc induced mammary epithelia apoptosis in 3D culture system
Authors: Ling Huang, Elizabeth Tai, Senthil K. Muthuswamy
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Identification of proteins involved in c-Myc induced mammary epithelia apoptosis in 3D culture system We have previously discovered that depletion of a cell polarity gene Scribble in mammary epithelial cells disrupted cell polarity, apoptosis and morphogenesis in three dimensional cell culture as well as inducing dysplasia that progressed into tumor in mice. Loss of Scribble also inhibited c-Myc induced apoptosis to cause cell transformation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Scribble mutant with deficiency in membrane localization resulted in similar phenotypes. These results suggest that Scribble is a tumor suppressor in mammary gland epithelial cells and its functions depends on correct cellular localization. Furthermore, Scribble is required to inhibit Myc-induced tumorigenesis by blocking Myc-induced apoptosis. I am interested in identifying proteins that are involved in Scribble dependent apoptosis as well as discovering other polarity proteins that cooperate with c-Myc for mammary tumor progression. To address the two questions, I use MCF10A three dimensional culture system and RNAi technology to screen proteins participating in apoptosis during c-Myc induced mammary epithelial cell transformation. We will report a screen to identify proteins that are involved in c-Myc induced mammary epithelial cell apoptosis in 3D culture, using a lentiviral shRNA library. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 200. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-200
Sympathetic Overactivity in Uremia Detected by 123I-MIBG Scintigraphy
Authors: Kim Francis Andersen, Lotte Hahn Enevoldsen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-123 MIBG) scintigraphy is a common method used to image pheochromocytomas, which are known to be responsible for 0.1% of cases of hypertension. A 31-year-old woman with terminal uremia was referred to our department because of paroxysmal hypertension and slightly elevated (nor)metanephrines, leading to the suspicion of pheochromocytoma. Accordingly, an I-123 MIBG scintigraphy was performed. MIBG is taken up and stored by the same mechanism as norepinephrine. However, as terminal uremia is known to lead to cardiac sympathetic overactivity and disturbances in the autonomic nervous system, this could possibly influence tracer distribution.
Life-Threatening "Vagal Reaction" to Physical Fitness Test
Authors: ZWI SCHLESINGER
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Excercise tests are now widely used, mainly for detection of ischemic heart diseases and evaluation of cardiovascular fitness. Yet those tests are not completely innocent; they may involve risks, among them postexercise "vagal reaction." This reaction appears mostly in untrained "vagotonic individuals" as a result of sudden vigorous physical effort. This phenomenon usually occurs in the first to third minute of the recovery period and is characterized by pallor, cold sweat, nausea, hypotension, and bradycardia. In its severe form, peripheral vascular collapse, marked sinus bradycardia and even sinus arrest may threaten the patient's life. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A healthy 35-year-old male physician underwent an ergospirometric examination for evaluation of cardiovascular fitness. The examinee had been asymptomatic except for dizziness on a few occasions (when blood was drawn, or after prolonged standing). His daily routine was sedentary in nature and he did not engage in sports. Physical
Gonorrhoea in inner London: results of a cross sectional study
Authors: N. Low, G. Daker-White, D. Barlow, A. L Pozniak
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To estimate population based incidence rates of gonorrhoea in an inner London area and examine relations with age, ethnic group, and socioeconomic deprivation. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional study. <b>Setting:</b> 11 departments of genitourinary medicine in south and central London. <b>Subjects:</b> 1978 first episodes of gonorrhoea diagnosed in 1994 and 1995 in residents of 73 electoral wards in the boroughs of Lambeth, Southwark, and Lewisham who attended any of the departments of genitourinary medicine. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Yearly age, sex, and ethnic group specific rates of gonorrhoea per 100 000 population aged 15-59 years; rate ratios for the effects of age and ethnic group on gonorrhoea rates in women and men before and after adjustment for confounding factors. <b>Results:</b> Overall incidence rates of gonorrhoea in residents of Lambeth, Southwark, and Lewisham were 138.3 cases yearly per 100 000 women and 291.9 cases yearly per 100 000 men aged 15-59 years. At all ages gonorrhoea rates were higher in non-white minority ethnic groups. Rate ratios for the effect of age adjusted for ethnic group and underprivilege were 15.2 (95% confidence interval 11.6 to 19.7) for women and 2.0 (1.7 to 2.5) for men aged 15-19 years compared with those over 30. After deprivation score and age were taken into account, women from black minority groups were 10.5 (8.6 to 12.8) times as likely and men 11.0 (9.7 to 12.6) times as likely as white people to experience gonorrhoea. <b>Conclusions:</b> Gonorrhoea rates in Lambeth, Southwark, and Lewisham in 1994-5 were six to seven times higher than for England and Wales one year earlier. The presentation of national trends thus hides the disproportionate contribution of ongoing endemic transmission in the study area. Teenage women and young adult men, particularly those from black minority ethnic groups, are the most heavily affected, even when socioeconomic underprivilege is taken into account. There is urgent need for resources for culturally appropriate research and effective intervention to prevent gonococcal infections and their long term sequelae in this population.
Diseases of the Breast
Authors: Sylvia M. Ramos
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In their preface the editors write that "<i>Diseases of the Breast</i>is intended as a single-source compilation of the new knowledge on breast diseases presented in a form accessible to practicing clinicians." I believe that they have succeeded in their goal. For this compilation they have assembled 101 contributors from institutions around the country. The text has 27 chapters, which contain 85 sections or topics within 1056 pages. The chapters range from "Breast Development and Anatomy" through "Management of the High Risk and Concerned Patient" and "Treatment of Metatastic Disease" to "Basic Tools for Advancing Knowledge in Breast Cancer." Along the way are sections such as "Medicolegal Aspects of Breast Cancer Education and Treatment," "Control of Angiogenesis," "Immunology and Immunotherapy of Breast Cancer," and "Management of Menopausal Symptoms." There is even a chapter on organizing a comprehensive breast center. The varied and timely topics are covered in depth using the
TREATMENT IN THE ABSENCE OF PENSIONING FOR PSYCHONEUROTIC VETERANS
Authors: TRAVIS E. DANCEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

For many years the Canadian veteran has not received the same consideration by the Canadian Pension Commission as does the subject of other diseases. The advantages of this system are indicated. A novel arrangement whereby this veteran may receive treatment regardless of his place of service or income and without any change in the previous pension regulations is described. Further study is recommended.
Racial Differences in Glycemic Control in a Well-Functioning Older Diabetic Population
Authors: Nathalie de Rekeneire, Ronica N. Rooks, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Ronald I. Shorr, Lewis H. Kuller, Ann V. Schwartz, Tamara B. Harris
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate racial differences and factors associated with worse glycemic control in well-functioning older individuals with type 2 diabetes. Our hypothesis was that glycemic control would be worse among black than white diabetic individuals but that this association would be explained by differences in severity of diabetes, health status, health care indicators, and social, psychological, or behavorial factors. We further hypothesized that the association of race with poorer glycemic control would be limited to those with lower education or lower income. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Cross-sectional analysis of 468 diabetic participants among a cohort of 3,075 nondisabled blacks and whites aged 70–79 years living in the community enrolled in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Glycemic control was measured by the level of HbA1c. RESULTS—A total of 58.5% of the diabetic individuals were black. Although control was poor in all diabetic participants (HbA1c ≥7% in 73.7%), blacks had worse glycemic control than whites (age- and sex-adjusted mean HbA1c, 8.4% in blacks and 7.4% in whites; P &amp;lt; 0.01). Race differences in glycemic control remained significant, even after adjusting for current insulin therapy, cardiovascular disease, higher total cholesterol, and not receiving a flu shot in the previous year, all of which were associated with higher HbA1c concentrations. Controlling for these factors reduced the association by 27%. Race remained an important factor in glycemic control, even when results were stratified by education or income. CONCLUSIONS—HbA1c concentrations were higher in older black diabetic individuals. Differences in glycemic control by race were associated with disease severity, health status, and poorer quality of care, but these factors did not fully explain the higher HbA1c levels in older black diabetic individuals.
KSHV and the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma: listening to human biology and medicine
Authors: Don Ganem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The linkage of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) to infection by a novel human herpesvirus (Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus [KSHV]) is one of the great successes of contemporary biomedical research and was achieved by using advanced genomic technologies in a manner informed by a nuanced understanding of epidemiology and clinical investigation. Ongoing efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms by which KSHV infection predisposes to KS continue to be powerfully influenced by insights emanating from the clinic. Here, recent developments in KS pathogenesis are reviewed, with particular emphasis on clinical, pathologic, and molecular observations that highlight the many differences between this process and tumorigenesis by other oncogenic viruses.
Current aspects of the spectrum of acute heart failure syndromes in a real‐life setting: the OFICA study
Authors: Damien Logeart, Richard Isnard, Matthieu Resche‐Rigon, Marie‐France Seronde, Pascal de Groote, Guillaume Jondeau, Michel Galinier, Geneviève Mulak, Erwan Donal, François Delahaye, Yves Juilliere, Thibaud Damy, Patrick Jourdain, Fabrice Bauer, Jean‐Christophe Eicher, Yannick Neuder, Jean‐Noël Trochu
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
ln-111 Labeled Leukocyte Imaging in a Case of Pseudogout
Authors: CHRISTOPHER J PALESTRO, STANLEY J GOLDSMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

In-111 labeled leukocyte scintigraphy was performed on a 90-year-old woman who had a fever and left lower extremity pain for 3 days. Leukocyte images demonstrated abnormal activity in the left knee and ankle. Aspiration of the left knee joint yielded cloudy yellow fluid with a leukocyte count of 30,000 per mm3 (75% polymorphonu-clear leukocytes, 1% lymphocytes, and 24% monocytes). Cultures of the aspirate were reported as no growth. Microscopic examination of the aspirate revealed the presence of rod-shaped crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, confirming the diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, also known as pseudogout. The acute arthritis of pseudogout stimulates an intense leukocyte response; therefore, labeled leukocyte images performed on patients suspected of having this condition must be interpreted cautiously because scintigraphically it may not be possible to distinguish pseudogout from septic arthritis.
THE EFFECT OF TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN THE MENOPAUSE WITH ESTROGENIC HORMONE
Authors: HERBERT S. RIPLEY, EPHRAIM SHORR, GEORGE N. PAPANICOLAOU
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

In the group of menopausal and post-menopausal depressions studied the beneficial effect of estrogenic hormone was confined to the relief of vasomotor symptoms with associated improvement in feelings of well-being. There was no evidence that the depressive illness as such was influenced specifically or its course shortened.
The last days of discord? Evolution and culture as accounts of female–female aggression
Authors: Anne Campbell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

When aggression is conceptualised in terms of a cost-benefit ratio, sex differences are best understood by a consideration of female costs as well as male benefits. Benefits must be extremely high to outweigh the greater costs borne by females, and circumstances where this occurs are discussed. Achievement of dominance is not such a circumstance and evidence bearing upon women's egalitarian relationships is reviewed. Attempts to explain sex differences in terms of sexual dimorphism, sex-of-target effects, social control, and socialisation are found to be inadequate. The suggestion that the stigmatisation of female aggreession arises not from patriarchal imposition but from statistical rarity (resulting from evolutionary pressures) is given serious consideration. Two hypotheses (“internal read-out” versus social/epidemiological representations) are described to explain the relationship between sex differences in behaviour and corresponding lay explanations.
Patient adherence to evidence‐based pharmacotherapy in systolic heart failure and the transition of follow‐up from specialized heart failure outpatient clinics to primary care
Authors: Anne Gjesing, Morten Schou, Christian Torp‐Pedersen, Lars Køber, Finn Gustafsson, Per Hildebrandt, Lars Videbæk, Henrik Wiggers, Malene Demant, Mette Charlot, Gunnar H. Gislason
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
CONTEMPORARY NATIONAL TRENDS AND OUTCOMES OF CATHETER-DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH PROXIMAL LOWER EXTREMITY DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
Authors: Michael Andrew Lashner, Harish Jarrett, Chad Zack, Huaqing Zhao, Eric Choi, Grayson Wheatley, Riyaz Bashir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Renaissance School of General Medicine
Authors: E B Peile, G P Easton, S Olney
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Christmas issue contains three people's description of their ideal medical school.

Read the descriptions:

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We asked three people with an interest in education to speculate on what a medical school of the future might look like. Here Ed Peile and colleagues describe their Renaissance School; then Jeremy Anderson (p 1456) and Cindy Lam (p 1458) outline their visions.

The Renaissance School will produce broadly educated doctors who think in terms of patients rather than organs and are strong, multiprofessional team players.

The irresistible swing towards medical specialisation has brought advantages for patients, but arguably it has gone too far.1 As Horder puts it, “people are whole units who go wrong as a whole, and do not take kindly to being divided into organ systems.”2 Now more than ever, patients need generalist doctors who can put their individual problems in context and provide continuity.

In the Renaissance School of General Medicine students will learn only what they need to learn to be supremely effective generalists. From day one the …
The Effects of a Pim Kinase Inhibitor on Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and Inflammation
Authors: Y. Shin, K. Takeda, Y. Jia, L. Jackson, A.D. Wright, L. Carter, J. Zuzack, S. Gross, J. Robinson, E. Hicken, M. Munson, E.W. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Antimicrobial resistance--an unfolding catastrophe
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

At the end of the 1960s, the then US surgeon general William H Steward famously declared: "The war against infectious diseases has been won."His optimism might well have been justified at the time.The discovery of antibiotics and their widespread introduction had transformed both medical practice and life expectancy.Antibiotics still transform lives, but-as with so many of the world's resources-we now know that they are not limitless, and that unless we are careful, their beneficial effects will run out.We have become so accustomed to the availability of antibiotics that a world without them is almost inconceivable.Yet this is the world that England's chief medical officer, Sally Davies, demands we contemplate in the second volume of her annual report (doi:10.1136/bmj.f1597).The causes of this unfolding catastrophe are many: overuse of existing antibiotics, increasing resistance to them, a "discovery void" regarding new drugs, and a change in the types of organisms presenting the greatest threat."If we don't get this right we will find ourselves in a health system not dissimilar to the early 19th century," she says.
Deaths in adults with notified pulmonary tuberculosis 1983-5.
Authors: P Cullinan, S K Meredith
Journal: Thorax (1991)

For a study of fatality in pulmonary tuberculosis in England and Wales, a sample (n = 1222) of patients notified in 1983 as having tuberculosis confined to the lungs was selected and their mortality up to the time of finishing chemotherapy calculated. During that time 158 patients died, a case fatality of 12.9%. Stratification by age and radiographic extent of disease confirmed these as important predictors of death. Comparison with a referent population showed that the all cause mortality among people with pulmonary tuberculosis was 10 times greater than that of the age and sex matched general population. This ratio fell with increasing age and with extent of disease. Coefficients derived from a logistic regression analysis allowed probability of death during chemotherapy of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis to be estimated.
Identification of platform-independent gene expression markers of cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
Authors: Karol L Thompson, Cynthia A Afshari, Rupesh P Amin, Timothy A Bertram, Bruce Car, Michael Cunningham, Clive Kind, Jeffrey A Kramer, Michael Lawton, Michael Mirsky, Jorge M Naciff, Victor Oreffo, P Scott Pine, Frank D Sistare
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Within the International Life Sciences Institute Committee on Genomics, a working group was formed to focus on the application of microarray technology to preclinical assessments of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. As part of this effort, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the nephrotoxicant cisplatin at doses of 0.3-5 mg/kg over a 4- to 144-hr time course. RNA prepared from these animals was run on a variety of microarray formats at multiple sites. A set of 93 differentially expressed genes associated with cisplatin-induced renal injury was identified on the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) custom cDNA microarray platform using quadruplicate measurements of pooled animal RNA. The reproducibility of this profile of statistically significant gene changes on other platforms, in pooled and individual animal replicate samples, and in an independent study was investigated. A good correlation in response between platforms was found among the 48 genes in the NIEHS data set that could be matched to probes on the Affymetrix RGU34A array by UniGene identifier or sequence alignment. Similar results were obtained with genes that could be linked between the NIEHS and Incyte or PHASE-1 arrays. The degree of renal damage induced by cisplatin in individual animals was commensurate with the number of differentially expressed genes in this data set. These results suggest that gene profiles linked to specific types of tissue injury or mechanisms of toxicity and identified in well-performed replicated microarray experiments may be extrapolatable across platform technologies, laboratories, and in-life studies.
Acute effects of tumor necrosis factor on the microcirculation in rat cremaster muscle.
Authors: E Vicaut, X Hou, D Payen, A Bousseau, A Tedgui
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The acute effects of TNF on the microcirculation were studied by in vivo microscopy in rat cremaster muscle. The changes in arteriolar diameter after topical administration of recombinant TNF (rTNF; 10(-4)-10(4) ng/ml) were studied in second-, third-, and fourth-order arterioles (A2-A4) whose mean diameters under control conditions were 64.3, 30.7, and 14.8 microns respectively. rTNF induced a concentration-dependent vasodilation whose amplitude was largest for the smallest arterioles. At the highest concentration tested, arteriolar diameter increased by 21, 29, and 41% of control diameter for the A2, A3, and A4 arterioles, respectively. Indomethacin or mefenamic acid, two structurally different prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, markedly inhibited the degree of vasodilation induced by rTNF in the three arteriolar orders. As regards the effect of rTNF on vasoconstriction in response to norepinephrine, vasoconstriction was greatest for the smallest arterioles, and did not change 10 min after rTNF administration for any of the three arteriolar orders. We conclude that (a) rTNF has a direct vasodilatory effect which is greatest in the smallest arterioles, (b) this vasodilation is at least partly mediated by prostaglandins, and (c) administration of rTNF in itself does not acutely alter the response of the arterioles to vasopressive drugs.