tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Level of Exercise and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease—Reply
Authors: Samia Mora, Rita F. Redberg, A. Richey Sharrett, Roger S. Blumenthal
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The World Bank
Authors: R. Stott
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Education and debate p 865 

Why should British and other western doctors be interested in the World Bank? This week's BMJ includes the first of Kamran Abbasi's articles on the World Bank (p 865),1 yet with health system reforms, performance reviews, racism in health, plummeting morale, and continued underfunding, haven't we got enough to occupy us? Yes, but what of the plight of the 1.3 billion people living in absolute poverty on less than $1 a day? Their health is as abysmal as their wealth, and until their poverty is relieved their health will not improve. The World Bank's mission statement is “to reduce poverty, and improve living standards by promoting sustainable growth and investment in people.”2 For health workers concerned with the pathology and relief of poverty, knowledge about the bank is as important as anatomy is to surgeons.

Like the Christian churches in the nineteenth century, the bank has enormous influence in former colonies. It helps set, fund, and …
BLEEDING PEPTIC ULCER IN A YOUNG AVIATION CADET: REPORT OF CASE
Authors: Maurice B. Siegel, Bergein M. Overholt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1945)

Case Reports1 February 1945BLEEDING PEPTIC ULCER IN A YOUNG AVIATION CADET: REPORT OF CASEMAURICE B. SIEGEL, BERGEIN M. OVERHOLTMAURICE B. SIEGELSearch for more papers by this author, BERGEIN M. OVERHOLTSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-22-2-287 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptINTRODUCTIONThe concept of peptic ulcer as a psychosomatic disease is rapidly gaining ground,1, 2and apparently with good reason, as the increased abnormal psychic stimuli created by the advent of the war and the need for adjustment to a new environment are all reflected in the many reports of an appreciable increase in the incidence of dyspepsia and ulcer syndrome. Numerous reports from geographically scattered Army General Hospitals3, 4show a 30 to 35 per cent incidence of proved peptic ulcers in admissions to the Gastrointestinal Services of these hospitals. Hurst,5in his survey of digestive disorders in the...Bibliography1. Editorial: The problem of peptic ulcer, Am. Jr. Digest. Dis., 1941, ix, 354. Google Scholar2. MORRISONFELDMAN SM: Psycho-somatic correlation of duodenal ulcer, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1942, cxx, 738. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. CHAMBERLIN DT: Peptic ulcer and irritable colon in the Army, Am. Jr. Digest. Dis., 1942, ix, 245. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. BERK JE: Statistics from Tilton General Hospital, Ibid., 246. Google Scholar5. HURST A: Digestive disorders in soldiers, Am. Jr. Digest. Dis., 1941, viii, 321. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. ALLISONTHOMAS RSAR: Peptic ulcer in the Royal Navy, symptoms and pathology, Lancet, 1941, i, 565. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. Editorial: Peptic ulcer, the major disability of war time, Canad. Med. Assoc. Jr., 1941, xliv, 508. Google Scholar8. BESTTAYLOR CHNB: Physiological basis of medical practice, 1943, 3rd Ed., Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. Chapter xxxiv, p. 569. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication May 26, 1943. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFormation of complex compounds between lead nitrate and alkali nitrates 1 February 1945Volume 22, Issue 2Page: 287-290KeywordsHemorrhagePeptic ulcers ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1945 PDF downloadLoading ...
Selective Transendothelial Migration of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells: A Role in Homing of Progenitor Cells
Authors: Kiyotoshi Imai, Masanobu Kobayashi, Jingxin Wang, Yoichi Ohiro, Jun-ichi Hamada, Yuko Cho, Masahiro Imamura, Manabu Musashi, Takeshi Kondo, Masuo Hosokawa, Masahiro Asaka
Journal: Blood (1999)
287. mda-7: A Remedy for Oncogene Addiction in Breast Cancer?
Authors: Sunil Chada, Yanna Liu, Dora Bocangel, Ming Zheng, Rajagopal Ramesh, Raymond Meyn, Kelly Hunt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The concept of |[ldquo]|oncogene addiction|[rdquo]| has been proposed to support the rationale for development of molecularly targeted therapies. It is clear that acquisition of genetic mutations results in dysregulation of oncogenic signaling pathways in tumor cells, and recent studies have indicated that persistence of these dysregulated oncogenes is essential for maintaining the tumorigenic phenotype. We evaluated the role of mda-7 gene transfer in oncogene-addicted breast cancer cells. Current therapies used in the treatment of breast cancer are limited by systemic toxicity, rapid drug metabolism and intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. We previously showed that adenoviral mediated transfer of the melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (mda-7) elicits growth inhibition and apoptosis in various tumor types. Here, we evaluate the effects of Ad-mda7, alone and in combination with other therapies, against a panel of nine breast tumor cell lines and their normal counterparts; we report tumor-selective p53-independent growth inhibition, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction by Ad-mda7. In vivo, Ad-mda7 induced p53-independent tumor growth inhibition (p<0.004) in multiple xenograft models. We then evaluated the combination of Ad-mda7 with agents commonly used to treat breast cancer: radiotherapy (XRT), Tamoxifen, Taxotere, Adriamycin, and Herceptin. These agents exhibit diverse modes of action, including formation of bulky adducts, inhibition of DNA replication (Adriamycin, XRT), damage to microtubules (Taxotere), non-steroidal estrogen antagonists (Tamoxifen), or Her2/neu receptor blockade (Herceptin). Treated with conventional anti-cancer drugs or radiation, MDA-7-expressing cells display additive or synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis that correlates with decreased BCL-2 expression and BAX up-regulation. In vivo, animals that received Ad-mda7 and XRT underwent significant reduction of tumor growth (p<0.002). This is the first report of the synergistic effects of Ad-mda7 combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy on human breast carcinoma cells, and suggests that mda-7 gene transfer can overcome the oncogene addiction observed in breast cancer.
Abstract P196: Bidirectional Association Between Hypertension and Gout: The Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: An Pan, Gim Gee Teng, Jian-Min Yuan, Woon-Puay Koh
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Although it has been hypothesized that the hypertension-gout relation is bidirectional, few studies have addressed this hypothesis in a prospective setting, particularly in the Asian populations. Methods: We analyzed data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS), a cohort of 63,257 Chinese aged 45-74 years at recruitment from 1993-98. The information about self reports of physician-diagnosed hypertension and gout was enquired at follow-ups I (1999-2004) and II (2006-2010). We included participants with complete data for both follow-ups and who were free of heart disease, stroke and cancer at follow-up I. For the analysis of hypertension and risk of incident gout, participants with prevalent gout were further excluded and the final analysis included 31,694 participants. For the analysis of gout and risk of incident hypertension, participants with prevalent hypertension were further excluded and the final analysis included 20,490 participants. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with adjustment for age, sex, years of interview, dialect group, education, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and history of diabetes. Results: The mean age of the participants at baseline was 60.1 (SD 7.3) years, and the average follow-up year was 6.8 (SD 1.4) years. In the analysis of hypertension and risk of gout, 836 incident cases were identified. Compared to normotensive participants, hypertensive patients had a 93% increased risk of developing gout (RR 1.93; 95% CI 1.66-2.24). The association was slightly stronger in women (RR 2.09; 95% CI 1.69-2.58) compared to men (RR 1.72; 95% CI 1.39-2.14; P for interaction=0.056). The association was also stronger in normal weight adults (BMI &lt;24 kg/m2; RR 2.25; 95% CI 1.82-2.77) compared to overweight/obese individuals (BMI ≥24 kg/m2; RR 1.66; 95% CI 1.34-2.04; P for interaction=0.03). In the parallel analysis of gout and risk of hypertension, 5491 participants reported to have newly diagnosed hypertension during the follow-up. Compared to participants without gout, those with gout had a 17% increased risk of developing hypertension (RR 1.17; 95% CI 1.01-1.35). The association was evident in men (RR 1.29; 95% CI 1.07-1.55) but not in women (RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.73-1.20; P for interaction=0.03). The association was present in normal weight adults (RR 1.34; 95% CI 1.09-1.64) but not among overweight/obese individuals (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.80-1.23; P for interaction=0.03). Conclusions: Our results provide compelling evidence that the hypertension-gout association is bidirectional in Chinese population. The potential interactions of the bidirectional association with sex and obesity deserve further investigations.
AQUA™ based analysis of thymidylate synthase (TS) within subcellular compartments reveals a novel biomarker for prediction of survival in colorectal carcinomas.
Authors: Mark D. Gustavson, Gregory Tedeschi, Robert Camp, David Rimm
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A35   Thymidylate synthase (TS) catalyzes the reductive methylation of deoxyuridylate for production of dTTP, which is critical for DNA synthesis. The regulation of its expression has been shown to be critical in modulation of response to 5-FU, a longstanding chemotherapeutic agent for colon cancer. High expression levels have been shown to be a marker for decreased survival and response to therapy. Recently, it has been demonstrated that TS may have other cellular functions, including post-transcriptional regulation. The subcellular localization of expression, therefore, may be an important predictive determinant. Here, we use AQUA, a new method for in situ determination of protein concentrations within subcellular compartments, to assess the prognostic value of TS expression as a function of subcellular localization. We examined a cohort [n=518] of patients with colon cancer diagnosed between 1970 and 1981 retrospectively collected from the Yale Pathology archives using the tissue microarray format. We used X-tile for selection of optimal cut-points for continuous data on a test set representing one-third of the cohort, then applied this cut-point on a validation set representing the remaining two-thirds. High nuclear expression (40% of the population) had a decrease in five-year disease-specific survival from 70 to 51% (validation set p=0.026) while patients with high cytoplasmic expression had a decrease in survival from 70 to 58% (validation set p=0.038). By Cox univariate analysis using these validated cutpoints, nuclear TS expression [risk ratio (RR)=1.46 (95%CI: 1.13-1.89; p=0.004)] is also a better predictor of overall survival compared to cytoplasmic expression [RR=1.32 (95%CI: 1.02 - 1.70; p=0.030)]. Using quantitative AQUA data, we generated a ratio between nuclear and cytoplasmic expression levels. A high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio shows decreased survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis [65 to 45%; validation set p=0.010)] and by Cox univariate analysis [RR=1.61 (95%CI: 1.09-2.37; p=0.012)]. This ratio is independent of nuclear expression (Spearman9s rho = -0.036; p=0.41) suggesting a unique population of patients having decreased survival based on this ratio. Among the population with high nuclear:cytoplasmic expression, only 45% of cases were represented in the high nuclear population. Both nuclear expression (p=0.03) and nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio (p=0.04) are independent predictors of survival by multivariate analysis with stage, age at diagnosis, gender and race. Taken together, these data suggest that subcellular localization of TS is critical for prediction of outcome in colon cancer. Furthermore, a ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic expression appears to be a novel biomarker for predicting survival, and perhaps predicting response to therapy.
LIVING WITH THE WEATHER
Authors: F. M. Pottenger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1940)

Article1 September 1940LIVING WITH THE WEATHERF. M. POTTENGER, M.D., F.A.C.P.F. M. POTTENGER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-14-3-502 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSHIFT FROM BACTERIOLOGIC TO PHYSIOLOGIC INTEREST IN MEDICINEWhen bacteriology supplied the cause of infectious diseases it gave definite direction to the development of medicine, both preventive and curative, for several decades. By learning the cause and the method of transmission, preventive measures were instituted more or less simultaneously throughout the world. The effects of these were shown everywhere by a reduction in morbidity and mortality. As a result, in the United States the general death rate dropped from about 18 per 1,000 of the population 50 years ago, to about 11 today. Since most of the preventive measures have...Bibliography1. HUNTINGTON E: Civilization and climate, 1st ed. 1915, 3d ed. 1924, Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. Google Scholar2. PETERSEN WF: The patient and the weather, 4 volumes, 1934-38, Edward Brothers, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Google Scholar3. MILLS CA: Health and disease as influenced by climatic environment, Internat. Clin., J. B. Lippincott Company, 1936, Vol. II, Series 48. Google Scholar4. MILLS CA: Climatic stimulation in relation to resistance, to infection and general metabolic level, Trans. Am. Clin. and Climat. Assoc., 1934. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. BROWN WH: Constitutional variation and susceptibility to disease, Harvey Lectures, 1928-29, P. 106, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Monrovia, California*Read at the Twenty-third Annual Clinical Session of the American College of Physicians, New Orleans, March 30, 1939. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTuberculosis 1 September 1940Volume 14, Issue 3Page: 502-512KeywordsBacteriologyDeath ratesInfectious diseasesMorbidityMortalityPreventive medicine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1940 PDF downloadLoading ...
For and against: Should we fight to preserve the independent status of general practitioners? For Against
Authors: R. Chapman, H. Groom
Journal: BMJ (1999)

# Should we fight to preserve the independent status of general practitioners? {#article-title-2}

Primary care in Britain is set to change again from 1 April. England, Wales, and Scotland have different sets of reforms, but general practitioners in all areas will soon be working together in new groupings that could lead these doctors into salaried rather than independent contracts with the NHS. Here, two members of the BMA's General Practitioners Committee argue the pros and cons.

Editorial by Oldham and Rutter

# For {#article-title-3}

The special status that most general practitioners have enjoyed in the NHS for 50 years is under threat. Until now most general practitioners have contracted independently with health authorities and their predecessors to provide primary care, rather than being salaried employees. Working together as principals in practices has not affected this independence. But from April all general practitioners in England and Wales, and some in Scotland, will join together in large local groups that could signal the end of the independent contractor.

Many general practitioners feel that their independence is increasingly illusory and believe, despite protestations to the contrary, that governments have always resented the freedoms and privileges of this special status. The general practitioners' revised contract in 1990 ushered in an increasingly managed service. The Primary Care Act 1997 enabled alternative models of primary care, often where traditional practices no longer met the needs of local people, and encouraged salaried options.

The move to primary care groups and the prospect of rapid progression to primary care trusts signal a big …
Edwin Robert Bickerstaff
Authors: John Walton Dechant
Journal: BMJ (2008)

After graduation, Edwin Robert Bickerstaff served in the Royal Air Force’s medical branch in Europe following the D Day landings, eventually heading the RAF’s service for patients with tuberculosis, a topic on which he wrote his MD thesis in 1947. Subsequently, he trained in neurology, and in 1952 obtained a fellowship to spend …
Bill will set up court of protection for those lacking mental capacity
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The UK government announced improvements this week to a long awaited bill that gives statutory recognition to advance directives or “living wills” and creates a new right for people to appoint friends or relatives to take decisions about their medical treatment if they become mentally incapable in the future.

The draft Mental Incapacity Bill will be renamed the Mental Capacity Bill to emphasise the principle that people should take decisions for themselves wherever possible.

The bill is designed to plug a long recognised gap in the law of England and Wales whereby no one has power …
Withholding the artificial administration of fluids and food from elderly patients with dementia: ethnographic study
Authors: Anne-Mei The, Roeline Pasman, Bregje Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Miel Ribbe, Gerrit van der Wal
Journal: BMJ (2002)

To clarify the practice of withholding the artificial administration of fluids and food from elderly patients with dementia in nursing homes.
Homogeneity in Nutritional Exposure: An Impediment in Cancer Epidemiology
Authors: Ernst L. Wynder, James R. Hebert
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Homogeneity in Nutritional Exposure: An Impediment in Cancer Epidemiology Get access Ernst L. Wynder, M.D., Ernst L. Wynder, M.D. American Health Foundation320 East 43d Street New York, New York 10017 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James R. Hebert, Sc.D. James R. Hebert, Sc.D. American Health Foundation320 East 43d Street New York, New York 10017 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 79, Issue 3, September 1987, Pages 605–607, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/79.3.605-a Published: 01 September 1987
T cells in the control of organ-specific autoimmunity
Authors: Jeffrey A. Bluestone, Hélène Bour-Jordan, Mickie Cheng, Mark Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Immune tolerance is critical to the avoidance of unwarranted immune responses against self antigens. Multiple, non-redundant checkpoints are in place to prevent such potentially deleterious autoimmune responses while preserving immunity integral to the fight against foreign pathogens. Nevertheless, a large and growing segment of the population is developing autoimmune diseases. Deciphering cellular and molecular pathways of immune tolerance is an important goal, with the expectation that understanding these pathways will lead to new clinical advances in the treatment of these devastating diseases. The vast majority of autoimmune diseases develop as a consequence of complex mechanisms that depend on genetic, epigenetic, molecular, cellular, and environmental elements and result in alterations in many different checkpoints of tolerance and ultimately in the breakdown of immune tolerance. The manifestations of this breakdown are harmful inflammatory responses in peripheral tissues driven by innate immunity and self antigen-specific pathogenic T and B cells. T cells play a central role in the regulation and initiation of these responses. In this Review we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in these fundamental checkpoints, the pathways that are defective in autoimmune diseases, and the therapeutic strategies being developed with the goal of restoring immune tolerance.
Increase in allergen‐specific IgE and <i>ex vivo</i> Th2 responses after a single bronchial challenge with house dust mite in allergic asthmatics
Authors: M. A. van de Pol, R. Lutter, R. van Ree, J. S. van der Zee
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: van de Pol MA, Lutter R, van Ree R, van der Zee JS. Increase in allergen‐specific IgE and ex vivo Th2 responses after a single bronchial challenge with house dust mite in allergic asthmatics. Allergy 2012; 67 : 67–73. Abstract Background: Airway responsiveness to allergen in patients with allergic asthma is studied by bronchial allergen challenge. Although the typical features of the early and late responses on lung function and bronchial inflammation after allergen challenge are well known, little has been reported as yet on any changes in systemic allergic and immunologic parameters after 4–6 weeks. Methods: In a clinical study, 27 subjects with allergic asthma and house dust mite (HDM) allergy underwent a bronchial allergen challenge with HDM. Blood samples were collected before and 5 weeks after allergen challenge. Serum levels of total IgE and allergen‐specific IgE were measured, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and stimulated ex vivo with HDM to determine the allergen‐specific T‐cell cytokine response. Results: Five weeks after bronchial allergen challenge with HDM, the amount of circulating IgE against HDM and the major allergenic components Der p1 and Der p2 was significantly increased (10.8% and 8.8%, respectively). IgE antibodies against other environmental allergens decreased (grass pollen) or remained unchanged (cat dander). Allergen‐induced Th2‐cytokine production was also significantly increased ( P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.014, and P = 0.006 for IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13, respectively). The increase in Der p1‐ and Der p2‐specific IgE in serum correlated with increased numbers of Th2‐cytokine‐producing cells (Rs = 0.56, P = 0.002 and Rs = 0.54, P = 0.004 for IL‐4 and IL‐13, respectively). Conclusions: A single bronchial allergen challenge with HDM is accompanied by increased levels of allergen‐specific IgE for HDM in serum and an enhanced Th2 response to HDM still detectable 5 weeks after challenge.