tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1216: The Cardioactive Peptide Apelin Increases Adipocyte Glucose Uptake and is Necessary for the Maintenance of Systemic Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Patrick Yue, Tomoko Asagami, Ramendra K Kundu, Yin-Gail Yee, Alexander J Glassford, Junya Azuma, Thomas Quertermous, Philip S Tsao
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background : Apelin, a peptide hormone with unique cardioactive properties, is also an adipokine, secreted by adipocytes in response to insulin. However, the overall effect of apelin on insulin sensitivity remains largely uncharacterized. Methods : For in vitro experiments, 3T3L1 cells were differentiated into adipocytes over 8 days, with apelin (1 microM) added daily to the media. Cells were then treated with insulin (100 nM; n = 5) for 30 minutes and incubated with 2-[ 3 H]-deoxyglucose. Glucose incorporation was then measured by scintillation counting. For in vivo experiments (n = 4 all studies), apelin-deficient (KO) mice were created by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. At age 7 weeks, insulin and glucose tolerance tests, as well as an enzyme immunosorbent assay for insulin, were performed after a 6-hour fast. The mice were then scanned by computed tomography using a GE eXplore RS MicroCT system, and visceral adipose content was determined with MicroView software. Upon sacrifice 1 week later, visceral adipocytes were isolated via collagenase digestion, exposed to insulin, and assessed for glucose uptake as above. Results : Because apelin is upregulated by insulin in adipocytes, we measured glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3L1 cells chronically dosed with apelin. Though no differences were observed in basal uptake, insulin-induced uptake was increased versus control (p &lt; 0.05). To further investigate the role of apelin in vivo , we assessed for insulin resistance in apelin KO mice. At 8 weeks of age, apelin KOs were heavier than age-matched wild type controls (25 vs. 22 g; p &lt; 0.05). Though fasting glucose levels were not significantly different between groups, insulin levels were increased in the KOs (895 vs. 477 pg/microL; p &lt; 0.05). In addition, both insulin and glucose tolerance tests were significantly abnormal in the KOs compared to wild type. Moreover, visceral fat volume was greater in the KOs (274 vs. 248 mm 3 /g body weight; p &lt; 0.05). Finally, insulin-stimulated uptake was reduced (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions : Apelin is necessary for the proper maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, apelin potentiates insulin-induced glucose uptake in adipocytes, suggesting a possible mechanism for its insulin sensitizing effects.
Epidemic of asthma was not associated with episode of air pollution
Authors: H R. Anderson, R. Atkinson, E. S Limb, D. P Strachan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Are epidemics of asthma caused by outdoor air pollution or do episodes of air pollution cause epidemics of asthma? These and other questions relating to asthma and air pollution were addressed in detail by a recent report,1 but the answers emerge clearly from a simple inspection of data available for London in recent years.

Figure 1 shows daily concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in London …
The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: focus on heroin and cocaine dependence
Authors: Edward J. Khantzian
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

Recent clinical observations and psychiatric diagnostic findings of drug-dependent individuals suggest that they are predisposed to addiction because they suffer with painful affect states and related psychiatric disorders. The drugs that addicts select are not chosen randomly. Their drug of choice is the result of an interaction between the psychopharmacologic action of the drug and the dominant painful feelings with which they struggle. Narcotic addicts prefer opiates because of their powerful muting action on the disorganizing and threatening affects of rage and aggression. Cocaine has its appeal because of its ability to relieve distress associated with depression, hypomania, and hyperactivity.
Health promotion
Authors: T. Coleman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

assume that people in coastal retirement areas are automatically healthier than those in inner city areas.The current allocation of resources already provides extra money for inner cities.Here in the north west the district allocation to Blackpool for 1991-2 was C107m for a population of 321000, while central and north Manchester received ,C163m for a population of 260000.In a review of capitation funding Raftery noted a projected continuing population drift away from inner cities to coastal retirement areas.'I suggest that the capitation funding formula should remain as simple as possible, without any sociological tinkering.Charlton concluded, "redistribution of income and other resources has little to offer in improving the national health: it is merely robbing Peter to pay Paul.
Randomized phase II trial of the nucleolin targeting aptamer AS1411 combined with high-dose cytarabine in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Authors: R. K. Stuart, K. Stockerl-Goldstein, M. Cooper, M. Devetten, R. Herzig, B. Medeiros, G. Schiller, A. Wei, G. Acton, D. Rizzieri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

7019 Background: Aptamers are small synthetic oligonucleotides that form stable nuclease-resistant 3D structures and bind target proteins with specificity and affinity similar to antibodies. These “chemical antibodies” represent a new class of therapeutics. The AS1411 aptamer binds nucleolin on the surface of cancer cells and induces apoptosis. AS1411 has synergistic effects in combination with cytarabine on AML cell lines in vitro and in vivo. A phase I trial of AS1411 monotherapy in 30 patients with advanced cancer showed objective responses without serious toxicities. Methods: This open-label randomized phase II trial compared AS1411 plus high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) with HiDAC alone in patients with primary refractory or relapsed AML who had received up to 3 previous lines of chemotherapy. Patients in cohort I were randomized 2:1 to receive AS1411 10 mg/kg/day as continuous IVI on days 1–7 + HiDAC 1.5 g/m 2 / twice daily on days 4–7 or HiDAC alone for 4 days. Following safety assessment, a second cohort was randomized in a similar manner, with AS1411 escalated to 40 mg/kg/day. Objectives were comparison of response rates (CR+CRp), safety and tolerability between treatment groups. Results: Accrual has been completed, with 71 patients randomized: 22 to AS1411 10 mg/kg/day + HiDAC (AS1411–10), 26 to AS1411 40 mg/kg/day + HiDAC (AS1411–40) and 23 to HiDAC alone (control). Safety findings are currently available for 44 patients (AS1411–10, 21; AS1411–40, 9; control, 14). The main grade 3/4 toxicities were hematologic, notably febrile neutropenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia; and infections. Safety findings were similar across groups, except that grade 3 hypokalemia was more frequent with AS1411–40. Deaths within 28 days of treatment were: AS1411–10, 1/21; AS1411–40, 1/9; and control, 2/14. Response data are currently available for 39 patients; response rates were: AS1411–10, 16% (3/19); AS1411–40, 14% (1/7); and control, 0% (0/13). Conclusions: Data from this first phase II trial of an aptamer in oncology are encouraging. The combination of AS1411 at 10 or 40 mg/kg/day with HiDAC appears well tolerated and shows promising signs of activity in patients with relapsed/refractory AML. [Table: see text]
Abstract 4521: AT2 Signaling is a Positive Prognostic and Therapeutic Modifier of Marfan Syndrome: Lessons on the Inequality of ACEi and ARBs
Authors: Jennifer P Habashi, Tammy M Holm, Jefferson J Doyle, Hamza Aziz, Djahida Bedja, Hal C Dietz
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Marfan syndrome(MFS), a disorder that includes aortic aneurysm, is caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene(FBN1). Murine models demonstrated that excess TGFβ signaling causes many manifestation...
Systematic Reviews: Reporting, updating, and correcting systematic reviews of the effects of health care
Authors: I Chalmers, B Haynes
Journal: BMJ (1994)

success is not guaranteed As a non-psychiatrist it seems to me that mixed messages are coming from the British and other governments about approaches to mental illness.On the one hand it is more difficult now than in the past to admit people to hospital against their wishes and institutional care of mentally ill people has become politically incorrect.At the same time government expects that people intending to kill themselves can somehow be prevented from doing so.It has not indicated how this reduction in suicide is to be achieved.There are no data to suggest that suicide can be prevented.Efforts to reduce suicide by increased psychiatric intervention and admission to hospital would be expensive and have no guarantee of success.We do not know enough about suicide and the long term consequences of intervention to expect that suicide can be prevented.
Early Changes in Circulating Tumor Cells Are Associated with Response and Survival Following Treatment of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Mohid S. Khan, Amy A. Kirkwood, Theodora Tsigani, Helen Lowe, Robert Goldstein, John A. Hartley, Martyn E. Caplin, Tim Meyer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

To investigate posttreatment circulating tumor cell (CTC) counts in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) as a predictive biomarker for disease progression and overall survival (OS).
Abstract 17544: Beta1-Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies from Heart Failure Rats Enhanced the Proliferation of T Lymphocytes Largely in PKA-Dependent Fashion
Authors: Yunhui Du, Li Yan, Jin Wang, Lin Quan, Ke Wang, Tingting Lv, Jimin Cao, Huirong Liu
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Autoantibody against the second extracellular loop of beta1-adrengic receptor (beta1-AA) not only contributes to the increased susceptibility to heart failure, but also plays a causative role in myocardial remodeling by its sympathomimetic-like effects via binding with the beta1-adrengic receptor. Our previous studies have observed that long-term presence of beta1-AA lead to the myocardial damage with increased ratios of CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocytes. However, whether the beta1-AA could recognize the corresponding receptor, and therefore, interfere with T lymphocytes remains unclear. Using an in vitro simulated T lymphocytes activation model, we attempted to explore the role of beta1-AA from an animal model of post-MI heart failure in the proliferation of T lymphocytes. Methods: Myocardial infarction was induced in adult male Wistar rats by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Beta1-AA was acquired from sera of rats with heart failure. The CD3 + T lymphocytes were selected separately through flow cytometry. The expression of beta1-adrengic receptor on the CD3 + T lymphocytes was detected by confocal microscope, and the proliferation of the CD3 + T lymphocytes was examined by CCK-8 kits. Results: Our results showed that beta1-adrengic receptor is expressed on the surface of CD3 + T lymphocytes of rats. Meanwhile, beta1-AA from heart failure rats could promote the proliferation of CD3 + T lymphocytes in vitro in a dose-dependent manner (0.115±0.003vs.0.0895±0.005, P &lt;0.05; 0.117±0.001 vs. 0.0901±0.006, P &lt;0.05; 0.128±0.03 vs.0.0925±0.0007, P &lt;0.05), which could be fully blocked by selective beta1-adrengic receptor antagonist metoprolol (0.11±0.0075 vs. 0.0925 ±0.0007, P &gt;0.05) and the PKA inhibitor H89 (0.098±0.05 vs. 0.0925±0.0007, P &gt;0.05). Furthermore, beta1-AA induced an increase of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (265±7.5pmol/mL vs. 109±5.8pmol/mL, P &lt;0.01) in the CD3 + T lymphocytes. Conclusion: Our present study demonstrated for the first time that beta1-AA from heart failure rat could enhance the proliferation of CD3 + T lymphocytes, which may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the immune effects of beta1-AA on heart failure.
Abstract 2771: Comparison of Everolimus-Eluting Stents with Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents in De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions: Intravascular Ultrasound Results From the SPIRIT III Trial
Authors: Masao Yamasaki, Ichizo Tsujino, Ryota Sakurai, Katsuhisa Waseda, Takao Hasegawa, Takao Shimohama, Junya Ako, Yasuhiro Honda, Poornima Sood, Alexandra J Lansky, Krishnankutty Sudhir, Gregg W Stone, Peter J Fitzgerald
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background : SPIRIT III is a pivotal, multicenter, 2:1 randomized, controlled trial comparing Everolimus-eluting cobalt-chromium alloy XIENCE™ V stents (EES) to Paclitaxel-eluting Taxus ™ stents (PES) in de novo native coronary artery lesions. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed in a subset of Spirit III to further investigate the safety and efficacy profiles of EES. Methods : The SPIRIT III IVUS study enrolled 305 patients who received 359 stents (244 EES in 205 patients; 115 PES in 100 patients). Serial IVUS imaging was performed post-intervention and at 8 months follow-up. Late lumen area loss was calculated as minimum lumen area (MLA) at post-intervention minus MLA at follow-up. Volume index, defined as volume data divided by stent length, was obtained for vessel (VVI), stent (SVI), lumen (LVI), plaque (PVI), and neointima (NVI). Results : At baseline, the incidence of tissue prolapse, edge dissections, and incomplete stent apposition (ISA) were not significantly different between EES and PES (15.6 vs 19.7%, 1.3 vs 2.8%, and 31.8 vs 28.2%, respectively). At follow-up, edge dissections and late-acquired ISA were not significantly different between EES and PES (1.4 vs 3.1%, 1.7 vs 4.1%, respectively). EES showed significantly less neointimal hyperplasia and a trend toward larger follow-up lumen than PES (Table ), whereas no statistical interactions were observed between EES and serial changes for VVI and PVI. PES showed a significant increase in VVI and PVI between post-intervention and follow-up. Reference segment analysis showed no unfavorable edge effect adjacent to either EES or PES. Conclusion : Detailed IVUS analysis confirmed significantly greater neointimal suppression with EES, with no apparent adverse vessel response, as compared to PES. Additional drug-eluting stent trials in more complex lesions are warranted to further validate the clinical utility of these new technologies.
Bacteremic Shock: A Medical Emergency
Authors: J RUEDY, J H DIRKS, D G CAMERON
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Bacteremic shock is second in frequency only to myocardial infarction as a cause of hypotension and death in hospitalized medical patients. The clinical course is marked by fever, usually with chills, and hypotension with a full pulse and warm extremities, followed by shock, often resistant to treatment. Anticipation of this complication in patients with certain predisposing diseases or factors facilitates early recognition of the symptoms and signs of bacteremic shock and prompt treatment. Early and effective treatment of the offending infection often prevents progression of hypotension to the stage of frank vascular collapse.
ACOSOG Z0010:臨床病期T1/T2 N0 M0 乳癌女性における,センチネルリンパ節(SN)と骨髄(BM)の微小転移に関する多施設予後試験
Authors: R Cote, A E Giuliano, D Hawes, K V Ballman, P W Whitworth, P W Blumencranz, D S Reintgen, M Morrow, A M Leitch, K Hunt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
More than half the families of mobile intensive care unit patients experience inadequate communication with physicians
Authors: Guillaume Debaty, François-Xavier Ageron, Laetitia Minguet, Guillaume Courtiol, Christophe Escallier, Adeline Henniche, Maxime Maignan, Raphaël Briot, Françoise Carpentier, Dominique Savary, José Labarere, Vincent Danel
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Imiquimod 5% cream as pretreatment of Mohs micrographic surgery for nodular basal cell carcinoma in the face: a prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: S. van der Geer, J. Martens, J. van Roij, E. Brand, J.U. Ostertag, M.E.J.M. Verhaegh, H.A.M. Neumann, G.A.M. Krekels
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Background Imiquimod 5% cream can reduce or clear superficial and small nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC). It could be used as a pretreatment of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) to decrease defect size. Objectives To study if a pretreatment with imiquimod 5% cream decreases defect size after MMS. In addition, to study the effect on the number of Mohs stages and reconstruction time. Methods Seventy patients aged >18 years with a primary nodular BCC in the face were included. The imiquimod group used imiquimod 5% cream for 4 weeks, before MMS. The control group was treated with MMS only. Tumour and defect sizes were measured. We noted the number of Mohs stages, reconstruction time and side‐effects. Results The median percentage increase in area from tumour size at baseline to the post‐MMS defect for the imiquimod group was significantly less compared with the control group, 50% vs. 147% (P <0·001). A tendency towards fewer Mohs stages in the imiquimod group was observed and the reconstruction time was significantly shorter in this group (P =0·01). Conclusions Imiquimod 5% cream as pretreatment of MMS significantly reduced the tumour size in primary nodular BCC and reduced the surgical defect size. Further research is necessary to investigate cost‐effectiveness.
Postmortem Joint Beta-2m Amyloidosis As a Function of Hemodialysis Duration and Patients Age
Authors: Michel Jadoul, C. Garbar, Henri Noël, J. Sennesael, R. Vanholder, P. Bernaert, G. Rorive, G. Hanique, Charles Van Ypersele de Strihou
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)
Abstract 5928: Use of Echo Assessment of Raised Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Follow-up
Authors: Arun Dahiya, Harry Gibbs, Thomas Marwick
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is important for monitoring response to therapy and assessing prognosis in pulmonary hypertension (PAH). PVR can be obtained using the equation PVR =...
Abstract 214: Which American Heart Association Guidelines---2005 or 2010---Are Associated with Better Skills Retention?
Authors: Heberth C Miotto, Cristiano V Ribeiro, Felipe R Silva, Isadora Z Miotto, Pedro M Barroso, Raphael R Oliveira, Eugenio M Goulart, Maria C Moreira
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: The major difference between 2005 and 2010 statements for CPR is simplification of the ABCD primary sequence (CAB instead of ABC). Little is known about which one is associated with better skills retention. Objective: To determine which guidelines is associated with better skills retention we conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing guideline 2005 and 2010. Methods: We selected paramedics to participate voluntarily in the study and divided them into two groups: Group A received CPR training based in 2005 AHA guidelines, and group B received CPR training based in 2010 AHA guidelines. All training sessions occurred in the same way using manikins (Brad - Laerdal Company ®) after demonstration of the CPR sequence (CAB or ABC). Just after and after 30 days they were evaluated using Resuscianne Skillmeter®. At the same time they were recorded for posterior scoring by experienced BLS instructors using BLS/ACLS check list. Correct ventilations, tidal volume, minute ventilations, compression depth, compressions per minute, compression rate, wrong hand position compressions, too shallow compressions and incomplete released compressions were compared. Continuous variables were analyzed by the t-student test, and when necessary, the non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis test and the chi square for comparison between proportions. Results: Group A (41 paramedics) and B (23 paramedics) were similar (age, gender, body mass index, past trainings and antidepressant or sedative drugs use). Tidal volume and minute ventilation were not different in both groups (p&gt;0.05) but, number of correct ventilation were better in group A after 30 days (p=0.002). Compression depth was better in group B immediately and 30 days after (p=0.022 and p=0.04 respectively). Compression rate, wrong hand position compressions, too shallow compressions and incomplete released compressions was similar in both groups (p&gt;0.05). Practical video scored evaluation were similar in both groups (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: In 30 days providers trained with 2010 AHA guidelines was associated with better CPR quality based in the maintenance of good compression depth.
Abstract 10173: Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension Causes Significant Interventricular Spatiotemporal Dyssynchrony of Diastolic Flows
Authors: Angel Lopez-Candales, Kathy Edelman
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Color M-mode (CMM) has been useful in characterizing left ventricular (LV) relaxation by analyzing flow propagation across the mitral inflow during diastole. In a similar fashion, inter...
Changing maladaptive memories through reconsolidation: A role for sleep in psychotherapy?
Authors: Susanne Diekelmann, Cecilia Forcato
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract Like Lane et al., we believe that change in psychotherapy comes about by updating dysfunctional memories with new adaptive experiences. We suggest that sleep is essential to (re-)consolidate such corrective experiences. Sleep is well-known to strengthen and integrate new memories into pre-existing networks. Targeted sleep interventions might be promising tools to boost this process and thereby increase therapy effectiveness.
Community-acquired pneumonia in pediatric patients with connective tissue disorders: Manifestations and clinical course
Authors: Zoia Nesterenko, Olena Ivanina
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective: High rates of connective tissue disorders (CTD) among children modify clinical course of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in pediatric patients that leads to diagnosis and therapeutic mistakes.

Aim: To study role of CTD in CAP clinical course in children.

Methods: 171 children aged 0-18 years with CTD and CAP were observed. CAP was clinically and radiographically diagnosed with detection of serum antibodies (IgG and IgM) against intracellular pathogens measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and PCR.

Results: Recurrent course of CAP (with 3 and more episodes in 5-year period of study) was in 106 (61,9%) patients and in all cases followed a viral respiratory infection. 156 (91,2%) children had abnormal perinatal history. Asthma (A) was diagnosed in 59 (34,5%) children. CAP caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia (Mp) was in 88 (51,5%) patients; by Cytomegalovirus (Cmv) and Mp – in 42 (24,5%); by Chlamydia pneumonia (Cp) – in 18 (10,5%); by Cp and Mp – in 33 (13,5%) patients. 78% of patients with A, CTD and CAP and 53,6% of patients with CTD and CAP had pulmonary hypertension (PH). 76,4% of patients with recurrent CAP demonstrated radiographic and clinical evidence of pulmonary fibrosis (PH), 30,2% of them had A. 12,5% of children with A, CTD, recurrent CAP and PF had CT evidence of development of pneumatocele (PC).

Conclusions: 1. Manifestations of CTD were in all children with CAP. 2. All patients with CTD and recurrent CAP had abnormal perinatal history. 3. High frequency of PH and PF was observed in patients with CTD and recurrent CAP. 4. 12,5% of children with A, recurrent CAP, CTD and PF had evidence of development of PC.