tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transient enhancement of sympathetic nervous system activity by long-term restriction of sodium intake.
Authors: M Volpe, F B Müller, B Trimarco
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To further investigate the relationship between salt intake and sympathetic nervous system activity, the short- and long-term effects of a low-salt diet (40 meq/day) were assessed in 10 normal subjects. Measurements of hemodynamic, hormonal, and other parameters were obtained on the day preceding institution of the low-salt diet (day 0) and on days 4, 7, 30, and 60 of the diet. Urinary sodium excretion was 178 +/- 10 meq/24 hr on day 0 and 31 +/- 4, 38 +/- 4, 45 +/- 6, and 47 +/- 7 meq/24 hr on days 4, 7, 30, and 60, respectively (all p less than .001 compared with day 0). Blood pressure, urinary potassium, serum electrolytes, and cardiac function (as assessed by echocardiography) were not modified by the 2 month low-salt diet. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone were significantly elevated above control values throughout the entire period of the low-salt diet. In contrast, plasma norepinephrine concentration increased significantly only on days 4 and 7 (from 253 +/- 20 pg/ml on day 0 to 495 +/- 32 pg/ml, p less than .001, and 347 +/- 22 pg/ml, p less than .05, respectively), returning to baseline at days 30 (280 +/- 18 pg/ml) and 60 (262 +/- 18 pg/ml). Changes in plasma epinephrine paralleled those observed for norepinephrine. Similarly, resting heart rate and the blood pressure response to isometric exercise were significantly increased only on days 4 and 7 of the low-salt diet. These results suggest that sympathetic nervous system activity is enhanced only transiently during a sustained reduction in sodium intake.
Infusing hormone fragment reduces appetite
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Obese people have lower levels of the peptide YY3-36 (PYY), a fragment of an appetite regulating gut hormone, and consume significantly fewer calories after they have received a synthetic form of PYY, a new, small study has found. This suggests that PYY infusion might be a potential treatment for obesity, say the authors.

The study, published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine compared the effects of PYY infusion with placebo on appetite and food intake in 12 obese and 12 lean healthy volunteers. The mean body mass index …
Patient satisfaction with on-demand sedation for outpatient colonoscopy
Authors: B. Seip, M. Bretthauer, S. Dahler, J. Friestad, G. Huppertz-Hauss, O. Høie, E. Kittang, S. Nyhus, J. Pallenschat, P. Sandvei, A. Stallemo, M. Svendsen, G. Hoff
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Background and study aim: To reduce the costs of colonoscopy the feasibility of unsedated procedures has been explored. The aims of our study were to assess patient satisfaction with on-demand sedation and identify factors related to painful colonoscopy.
Woman dies after doctors fail to intervene because of new abortion law in Nicaragua
Authors: Sophie Arie
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A hospital in Nicaragua is investigating the death of a woman after doctors failed to intervene to save her life during complications in pregnancy. 

It is suspected that doctors did not dare to carry out an abortion because a new law has been approved that bans all forms of abortion, whether a woman has been raped or risks death during pregnancy. 

Under the law, women who terminate their pregnancies and doctors who carry out abortions will face up to 20 years in jail. Although the law has yet to be signed into effect by the country's conservative president, the fear …
Role of the Cytoskeleton in Adrenocortical Cells*
Authors: MARC FEUILLOLEY, HUBERT VAUDRY
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1996)

THE cytoskeleton is formed by three types of high molecular weight polymers, namely microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. Microtubules and microfilaments are homogeneous and ubiquitous structures (1), whereas intermediate filaments represent a heterogeneous family of fibers whose expression depends upon the level of differentiation of the cells (2–4). All three types of cytoskeletal elements are intimately associated with cytoplasmic organelles, particularly mitochondria (5–7), lysosomes (8, 9), and secretory vesicles (10, 11). Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments also interact with the nucleus (12–14), the plasma membrane (15, 16), and, indirectly, with the extracellular matrix (17–19). There is now ample evidence that cytoskeletal fibers play a pivotal role in cell motility (20–23) and various forms of intracellular movements including axonal transport (24, 25), chromosome migration (26–28), and pigment dispersion (29, 30). Cytoskeletal components are also involved in the process of capping and receptor-mediated endocytosis (31–33). In exocrine (34–36) and endocrine cells (10, 37–39), which export their secretory products by exocytosis, microtubules and microfilaments are implicated in both the traffic of secretory granules in the cytoplasm and the fusion of the vesicles with the plasma membrane. Although the presence of vesicles has been observed in steroidogenic cells (40–42), it is generally accepted that steroids are released immediately after synthesis by diffusion through the plasma membrane (43). However, during the last decade, a number of studies have demonstrated that pharmacological agents that induce either disruption or stabilization of cytoskeletal fibers strongly affect steroid hormone secretion (44–46). The present review examines the evidence for the involvement of the different components of the cytoskeleton in the activity of normal and tumoral cells.
Manners Makyth Man
Authors: G. Pickering
Journal: BMJ (1963)

It is a rare privilege for a speaker to have an entirely captive audience.Not only would it be impolite of you to leave before I have done, but you might miss the President's reception.Consequently, I feel I have you almost as much in my power as has a Sunday preacher delivering his sermon.Taking my cue from him, I have sought a text.I have chosen " Manners makyth Man," which William of Wykeham adopted for one of his two foundations, that at Winchester.It is not altogether inappropriate, because Wykeham's St. Mary's College in Winchester was destined to revolutionize the education of young boys, while his foundation at Oxford contributed greatly to the pattern of life and teaching in both the ancient Universities.More- over, many of us were
NHS Executive plans to encourage GP fundholding
Authors: C Court
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The NHS Executive has announced that it is to review the support available to fundholding general practices. The health minister, Dr Brian Mawhinney, said that the review would be carried out over the next few months and would examine among other things the rules governing the use of savings: “For example, should it be possible to spend savings on patient care outside the scope of fundholding or, as the National Association of Fundholding Practices has suggested, on clinical audit, training, or research? And if we enable fundholders to spend savings on …
Regulation of Thyroid Cell Proliferation by TSH and Other Factors: A Critical Evaluation of in Vitro Models
Authors: Takao Kimura, Alexandra Van Keymeulen, Jacqueline Golstein, Alfredo Fusco, Jacques E. Dumont, Pierre P. Roger
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2001)

TSH via cAMP, and various growth factors, in cooperation with insulin or IGF-I stimulate cell cycle progression and proliferation in various thyrocyte culture systems, including rat thyroid cell lines (FRTL-5, WRT, PC Cl3) and primary cultures of rat, dog, sheep and human thyroid. The available data on cell signaling cascades, cell cycle kinetics, and cell cycle-regulatory proteins are thoroughly and critically reviewed in these experimental systems. In most FRTL-5 cells, TSH (cAMP) merely acts as a priming/competence factor amplifying PI3K and MAPK pathway activation and DNA synthesis elicited by insulin/IGF-I. In WRT cells, TSH and insulin/IGF-I can independently activate Ras and PI3K pathways and DNA synthesis. In dog thyroid primary cultures, TSH (cAMP) does not activate Ras and PI3K, and cAMP must be continuously elevated by TSH to directly control the progression through G1 phase. This effect is exerted, at least in part, via the cAMP-dependent activation of the required cyclin D3, itself synthesized in response to insulin/IGF-I. This and other discrepancies show that the mechanistic logics of cell cycle stimulation by cAMP profoundly diverge in these different in vitro models of the same cell. Therefore, although these different thyrocyte systems constitute interesting models of the wide diversity of possible mechanisms of cAMP-dependent proliferation in various cell types, extrapolation of in vitro mechanistic data to TSH-dependent goitrogenesis in man can only be accepted in the cases where independent validation is provided.
Adult (Not Internal) Medicine
Authors: Mark J. Corapi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 June 1998Adult (Not Internal) MedicineMark J. Corapi, MD and Anthony J. Calio, MDMark J. Corapi, MDWinthrop-University Hospital; Long Island, NY 11501Search for more papers by this author and Anthony J. Calio, MDWinthrop-University Hospital; Long Island, NY 11501Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest Dr. Goldman's editorial [1]. In 1986, shortly after Kurtz and Goodman wrote about the adult medicine specialist [2], we posted in our office waiting room an explanation of what an internist is. Our patients were grateful and uniformly told us that they had no clue as to what “internist” meant. They somehow knew we are not interns, but patients expected some kind of “internal” examination. We certainly need to do better in a competitive patient care environment in defining what we do.We also need to do better as a specialty in leveling ...References1. Goldman L. Adult (not internal) medicine [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:835-6. Google Scholar2. Kurtz KJ, Goodman PH. The adult medicine specialist. Am J Med. 1985; 78:725-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Winthrop-University Hospital; Long Island, NY 11501 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 11Page: 958KeywordsPatientsResidency Issue Published: 1 June 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Complex Inclusions Mimicking Gaucher's Cells
Authors: Athanassios Argiris, Noel Maun, Nancy Berliner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: A 37-year-old man with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by end-stage renal disease who had received a second cadaveric kidney transplant four years earlier presented w...
Strong Alkali Burns of the Eye
Authors: John Allen Stanley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

ALKALI burns of the eye, with their rapidly blinding sequelae, rank with the most disastrous of household accidents. Numerous alkali products are found in the average home. Clear ammonia water is a common adjuvant to the housewife's armamentarium of cleaning agents, being widely used diluted in the dishpan and floor pail and "straight" to cleanse ovens and toilet bowls. Caustic soda (lye or sodium hydroxide) is the major active ingredient of the homemaker's favorite remedy to open slow or clogged drains. With the increasing popularity of alkali cleaning products it is important that the public and the physicians charged with . . .
Gadolinium-DTPA enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of bone cysts in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: F M Gubler, P R Algra, M Maas, P F Dijkstra, T H Falke
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To examine the contents of intraosseous cysts in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through the signal intensity characteristics on gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS--The hand or foot joints of nine patients with the cystic form of RA (where the initial radiological abnormality consisted of intraosseous cysts without erosions) were imaged before and after intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA. A 0.6 unit, T1 weighted spin echo and T2* weighted gradient echo were used to obtain images in at least two perpendicular planes. RESULTS--Most cysts showed a low signal intensity on the non-enhanced T1 weighted (spin echo) images and a high signal intensity on the T2* weighted (gradient echo) images, consistent with a fluid content. No cyst showed an enhancement of signal intensity on the T1 weighted images after intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA, whereas synovium hyperplasia at the site of bony erosions did show an increased signal intensity after Gd-DTPA. Magnetic resonance imaging detected more cysts (as small as 2 mm) than plain films, and the cysts were located truly intraosseously. In six patients no other joint abnormalities were identified by magnetic resonance imaging; the three other patients also showed, after Gd-DTPA administration, an enhanced synovium at the site of bony erosions. CONCLUSIONS--It is suggested that intraosseous bone cysts in patients with RA do not contain hyperaemic synovial proliferation. The bone cysts in patients with the cystic form of RA may be the only joint abnormality.
On the Absence of Phosphates in the Urine of the Herbivora
Authors: C. R. Bree
Journal: BMJ (1851)

EARLY in the afternoon of the 14th of October I was summoned to see two children of the respective ages of five and three years, who were described by the messeoger -as having suddenly "gone out of their heads."They had been picked up in the street in this state, and carried into the house of the stranger.
Perineal Carriage of Staph. aureus
Authors: M. Ridley
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Three cases of sarcoidosis of the nervous system of the predominantly peripheral type are described.The response to steroid therapy appeared to be good, as no fresh nervous lesions developed after treatment had begun.Attention is drawn to the frequency of incomplete recovery of the facial palsies.In one patient a further sequel was a condition closely resembling the Argyll Robertson pupil.I am indebted to Professor D. V.
Spotlight issue on landmark papers from over a decade in Cardiovascular Research
Authors: D. Garcia-Dorado, H. M. Piper
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

The mission or the raison d'e ˆtre of scientific journals is to serve as platforms for the dissemination of knowledge that can be used as a basis for further research or for the development of applications.Their success in accomplishing that mission can be measured in different ways, and in recent years bibliometric analysis has become the gold standard of journal performance.However, bibliometric figures may be influenced by many factors and difficult to interpret.And, just as the career of a researcher cannot be reduced to numbers and can be better assessed by the actual contributions he/she has made to science, the usefulness of a scientific journal cannot be summarized by its impact factor.The present Spotlight Issue originated in part from the desire to learn more about the contribution of Cardiovascular Research (CVR) to biomedical science by analysing from the perspective that only time may show the how the articles published in CVR moved the different fields of cardiovascular science.But we also expected to gain insight into the identification of the areas of knowledge to which CVR makes the greatest contribution.Finally, we hoped that, in a way, this Spotlight Issue would serve to express the recognition of CVR towards its authors and reviewers.Space constraints forced us to select a very limited number of articles, and this was difficult.Papers published between 2001 and 2010 were ranked by the number of citations they received during the year of publication and the following 3 years.We decided not to include in the final selection more than one paper from the same group.The impact of the articles we identified has been analysed here by their respective authors and by experts in the respective fields.Among the 12 original articles, cardioprotection occupies a prominent position, which speaks of the importance of our journal in that field; however, other areas in which CVR has traditionally focused, such as arrhythmias, vascular biology, or remodelling, are also represented, and it is interesting to note that one of them is a clinical research article.One can also view this selection of papers as a kind of 'editors' choice' that has been fortified by knowledge of their performance over the years in terms of citation and impact.Indeed, we the editors are proud that CVR was able to publish these articles that received so much attention.
Rapid increases in the steady-state concentration of reactive oxygen species in the lungs and heart after particulate air pollution inhalation.
Authors: Sonia A Gurgueira, Joy Lawrence, Brent Coull, G G Krishna Murthy, Beatriz González-Flecha
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In vitro studies suggest that reactive oxygen species contribute to the cardiopulmonary toxicity of particulate air pollution. To evaluate the ability of particulate air pollution to promote oxidative stress and tissue damage in vivo, we studied a rat model of short-term exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs). We exposed adult Sprague-Dawley rats to either CAPs aerosols (group 1; average CAPs mass concentration, 300 +/- 60 micro g/m3) or filtered air (sham controls) for periods of 1-5 hr. Rats breathing CAPs aerosols for 5 hr showed significant oxidative stress, determined as in situ chemiluminescence in the lung [group 1, 41 +/- 4; sham, 24 +/- 1 counts per second (cps)/cm2] and heart (group 1, 45 +/- 4; sham, 24 +/- 2 cps/cm2) but not liver (group 1, 10 +/- 3; sham, 13 +/- 3 cps/cm2). Increases in oxidant levels were also triggered by highly toxic residual oil fly ash particles (lung chemiluminescence, 90 +/- 10 cps/cm2; heart chemiluminescence, 50 +/- 3 cps/cm2) but not by particle-free air or by inert carbon black aerosols (control particles). Increases in chemiluminescence showed strong associations with the CAPs content of iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in the lung and with Fe, aluminum, silicon, and titanium in the heart. The oxidant stress imposed by 5-hr exposure to CAPs was associated with slight but significant increases in the lung and heart water content (approximately 5% in both tissues, p < 0.05) and with increased serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (approximately 80%), indicating mild damage to both tissues. Strikingly, CAPs inhalation also led to tissue-specific increases in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, suggesting that episodes of increased particulate air pollution not only have potential for oxidant injurious effects but may also trigger adaptive responses.
Clinical medical officers in a child health service.
Authors: B W Richards
Journal: BMJ (1979)

SIR,-Perhaps I am unwise to enter the debate on clinical medical officers and their future contribution to child health services (27 January, p 242).Specialists in community medicine (child health) like myself may be too close to the scene of action to be objective.Also we are probably thought to have vested interests in the status quo.Approaching retirement encourages an independence which others may find difficult.Sometimes one even hopes that what has been learnt by hard experience may have some continuing influ- ence after one's departure.My particular concern is for the care which children and their families will receive from health services in the future.General practices with their attached nurses will continue to provide this in a way appropriate to most of this country.Specialised care must be avail- able to assist primary care, whether it is tech- nically difficult investigation that is required, the supervision of a multiply handicapped child, the elucidation of a complex educational problem, or the oversight of developmental care arrangements.All this is the work of paediatricians, whether they be called "hos-
Weight Control in Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

This is the third in a series of articles on presentations at the American Diabetes Association’s 66th Scientific Sessions, Washington, DC, 9–13 June 2006.

A pilot project is underway to offer the Perspectives on the News commentaries as a monthly Web-based CME activity. Please access www.diabetes.procampus.net to view our initial efforts. We look forward to your comments.

### Bariatric surgery

Carroll M. Harmon, Birmingham, Alabama, reviewed the topic of bariatric surgery in children. A typical response to the topic, he said, is of disbelief that such an approach would even be considered. Yet more than one million adolescents and young adults have BMI >40 kg/m2, and obesity is by far the most common nutritional disorder among children in the U.S. Childhood obesity is associated with poor self-esteem, steatohepatitis, and a variety of cardiovascular and endocrine complications, with 80% of overweight children with one obese parent becoming obese adults. Harmon reviewed representative studies, showing that by standard measures, the quality of life of an obese child is similar to that of a child with cancer and fivefold worse than that of a healthy normal-weight child. Parent proxy reports suggest even greater impairment. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is present in 55% of severely obese children with BMI >50 kg/m2. Overweight children have a sevenfold greater risk of hypertriglyceridemia, and 86% of children diagnosed with diabetes are overweight or obese. The prevalence of childhood obesity among blacks and Hispanics is higher than among whites, with the likelihood of diabetes particularly great for African-American and Hispanic children. There is undoubtedly, Harmon concluded, interplay between genetic and environmental factors, with >600 genetic loci linked to obesity phenotypes and multiple single-gene mutations identified.

Treatment options for pediatric obesity are limited, with diet, exercise, and drugs, at best, able to produce moderate success. Thus, Harmon suggested, …
Enterococcal Endocarditis In Heroin Addicts
Authors: Neil E. Reiner
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Enterococci caused eleven of 20 cases (55%) of narcotic-associated endocarditis in Cleveland over a 54-month period. Acute staphylococcal endocarditis seen concurrently in this addict population displayed tricuspid valve involvement and septic pulmonary emboli, but enterococcal endocarditis was subacute, affected only aortic or mitral valves, and was not associated with septic pulmonary emboli. In contrast to enterococcal endocarditis in a nonaddict population, patients were younger and rarely had antecedent valvular disease or genitourinary abnormality. Staphylococcal tricuspid valve endocarditis was managed with relatively little difficulty in this addict population. Enterococcal infection, however, was complicated by severe cardiac failure that often required valvular prostheses, relapses due to continued use of narcotics,<i>Candida</i>superinfection, and nervous system complications, including cerebral emboli and mycotic aneurysms. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1861-1863, 1976)