tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival after replantation.
Authors: N S Tanner, D A McGrouther, M H Webster
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Over a seven-year period in one unit performing replantation surgery 63 parts were replanted in 49 patients with an overall survival rate of 60%, which represents a worthwhile salvage of tissue otherwise not available for reconstruction. As the median operation time was eight hours (range 5-22) the implication of providing such prolonged operative procedures on the resources of the Health Service must be seriously considered. Yet there is a failure of awareness among the medical profession of the possibilities of such treatment, and potentially viable parts may be being discarded.
Accumulation of prion protein in tonsil and appendix: review of tissue samples
Authors: D. A Hilton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is almost certainly caused by the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent, and although the disease is rare (115 deaths to date) there is uncertainty about future numbers of cases.1 The lack of a conventional immune response and the inability to detect abnormal prion protein in blood has hampered the development of a blood test.1 Lymphoreticular accumulation of prion protein has been used as a preclinical test for scrapie (the form of the disease in sheep and goats) and is a consistent feature of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, occurring before the onset of symptoms.2–4 We screened large numbers of specimens from appendicectomies and tonsillectomies for the presence of prion protein in lymphoreticular tissue to determine the number of people with preclinical variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

We retrieved appendix and tonsil samples removed between 1995 and 1999 from patients aged 10-50 from histopathology departments across the United Kingdom. The samples were anonymised before testing. We also examined appendix samples …
Information communication technology as predictor of service delivery system in sport management in Nigeria
Authors: Morakinyo Tunde, Gloria Abimbola Obajimi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The changing world of innovation through information technology provides keeping abreast with the world electronically. Sport managers in Nigeria have not adequately exploited this form, which has brought about the level of uncertainty to athletes and coaches due to information lapses, resulting to haphazard preparations leading to poor performance. Descriptive survey research design of was adopted. One thousand, six hundred and fifty-four respondents (National Sport Federations and athletes) were randomly drawn from six purposive National Federations and their States Associations from each geographical zone in Nigeria. Two research instruments: Sport Information Technology Assessment (r = 0.87) and Sport Management and Service Delivery Assessment (r=0.86) was adapted for this study. Data were analysed using multiple regression. The three variables namely; technical know-how of personnel, training of personnel and provision of IT facilities within sport complexes, accounted for 88% of the total variance in service delivery system in sport management. The variables tested made significance contributions (p&lt; 0.05) in the following order: technical know-how of personnel (β = 0.451, p&lt; 0.05), training of personnel (β=0.330, p&lt;0.05), provision of IT facilities within sport complexes (β= 0.341, p&lt;0.05), and training changes of personnel (β=.370, p&lt;0.05). Information technology plays a vital role for service delivery system in sport management. Training in information for communication technology uses should be the corner stone for excellent and improved performances. Priority attention should focus on providing information equipment at sport complexes as a back-up for use to provide better service delivery.
Hospital-Acquired Infections Due to Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Anton Y. Peleg, David C. Hooper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Hospital-acquired infections are most commonly associated with mechanical ventilation, invasive medical devices, or surgical procedures. Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for more than 30% of hospital-acquired infections and predominate in hospital-acquired pneumonia. They are highly efficient at up-regulating or acquiring mechanisms of antibiotic drug resistance, especially in the presence of antibiotic selection pressure. This review updates what clinicians should know about these often life-threatening infections.
DUST AND PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: ALBERT E. RUSSELL
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The subject of dusty trades has received much consideration in recent years. The advances which have been made in all branches of industrial medicine have helped to center attention on dust and its effect on the health, as the number of the workers in dusty trades is larger than that of any other group that is exposed to a single industrial hazard; and an additional reason for increased interest in this subject is that the study of mortality statistics has revealed the fact that workers in dusty trades have an excessive death rate from tuberculosis as well as from other respiratory diseases. The Public Health Service has recently completed a series of studies of the effects of the principal varieties of dust encountered in industry. These studies cover the following phases of the subject: The cement industry, representing calcium dust. Silver polishing, representing metal dust. The granite industry, representing silica
Elevated concentrations of endogenous ouabain in patients with congestive heart failure.
Authors: S S Gottlieb, A C Rogowski, M Weinberg, C M Krichten, B P Hamilton, J M Hamlyn
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND An endogenous digitalis-like compound in mammals has long been postulated, but only recently has a substance indistinguishable from ouabain been identified in human plasma. Because of the potential significance of such a substance in patients with congestive heart failure, we sought to evaluate the pathophysiology of endogenous ouabain in these individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS Using an immunoassay, we determined plasma ouabain concentrations in 51 patients with heart failure and in 19 control subjects. Plasma ouabain concentrations in control subjects ranged from 0.16 to 0.77 nM (mean, 0.44 +/- 0.20 nM). In 19 matched heart failure patients receiving digoxin, the mean ouabain was significantly elevated at 1.59 +/- 2.2 nM (range, 0.17-8.76 nM, p less than 0.05 versus control subjects). The ouabain concentration correlated inversely with both cardiac index (r = -0.62, p less than 0.005) and mean arterial pressure (r = -0.51, p less than 0.05). However, there was no correlation between ouabain and left ventricular filling (r = 0.19, NS) or right atrial pressures (r = 0.20, NS). In 16 heart failure patients not receiving digoxin, the mean ouabain was 1.52 +/- 2.58 nM. No relation between renal function and ouabain was detected. CONCLUSIONS The unanticipated lack of correlation of ouabain with atrial pressures indicates that volume is not the chief determinant of ouabain concentration in patients with congestive heart failure. However, the significant relations of plasma ouabain concentration with cardiac index and mean arterial pressure imply that endogenous ouabain may be an important homeostatic factor in humans.
A proposed mechanism for autonomic dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis – reduced vagal activity related to high intrathecal IL-1β levels
Authors: Reem Altawil, Diana Kadetoff, Marie Westman, Mats Jensen-Urstad, Magnus Andersson, Eva Kosek, Jon Lampa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known to be associated with autonomic dysfunction, with a decreased vagus tone. However, the mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. Nervus vagus function is regulated by action of muscarinic receptors in the CNS (Pavlov, PNAS, 2006), and earlier investigations have shown that the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta may cause dysfunction in cholinergic neurotransmission (Schliebs, Brain Res 2006). Here the authors investigated autonomic activity in RA and controls in relation to serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, only RA) levels of IL-1β and IL-6. <h3>Methods</h3> Fourteen female patients with RA and 15 female age matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. Median DAS28 score for RA patients was 3.6 (range 1.5 to 6.6). No patient/control had any neurological or heart disorder. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured with Holter ECG over 24 h using spectral analysis of Low frequency (LF) power (0.04 to 0.15 Hz), High frequency power (HF) (0.15 to 0.40 Hz) and the ratio of LF and HF (LF/HF). The measures were calculated from an entire 24 h ambulatory ECG recording. Lumbar puncture was performed in RA patients only and CSF was analysed with high sensitivity ELISA for IL-1β and IL-6. Serum samples were analysed with ELISA for IL-1β and IL-6. <h3>Results</h3> There were significant differences between RA and HC in heart rate (74±6 vs 66±5 bpm; p&lt;0.001), LF (522±213 ms2 vs 885±523 ms2; p&lt;0.02), HF (252±280 ms2 vs 560±657 ms2; p&lt;0.005) and a tendency of difference in LF/HF (2.5±0.7 vs 1.9±1; ns). These data are consistent with reduced vagal function in RA patients. In RA, IL-1β levels in CSF were markedly higher than serum levels (8.35±12.59 vs 0.00±0.06 pg/ml; p&lt;0.005) indicating intrathecal production. In contrast, CSF IL-6 levels were lower in CSF than serum (2.59±1.43 pg/ml vs 6.25±4.21 pg/ml, p=0.01). CSF IL-1β, but not IL-6, correlated positively with HRV, as measured with LF/HF (r=0.64; p&lt;0.05). Serum IL-1β was not correlated to HRV, but serum IL-6 correlated inversely to LF both in RA (r=−0,55 p&lt;0.05) and controls (r=-0.46; p&lt;0.05).. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The decreased autonomic function in RA, reflected in low vagus activity and thereby reduced control of systemic inflammation, may further impair the disease. Our data indicate that intrathecal IL-1beta and possibly also other inflammatory mechanisms in the CNS may have importance for the reduced vagal function of RA. These mechanisms may constitute future targets for improvement of cholinergic immune-suppression of the disease.
Quashing Polio in India
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lung Cancer Screening CT-Based Prediction of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Onno M. Mets, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Martijn J. Gondrie, Max A. Viergever, Matthijs Oudkerk, Harry J. de Koning, Willem P.Th.M. Mali, Mathias Prokop, Rob J. van Klaveren, Yolanda van der Graaf, Constantinus F.M. Buckens, Pieter Zanen, Jan-Willem J. Lammers, Harry J.M. Groen, Ivana Isgum, Pim A. de Jong
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Effect of Halothane On Neuromuscular Transmission
Authors: Aaron J. Gissen
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The patient with impaired muscle function presents a special problem to the anesthesiologist. At the end of general anesthesia, muscular relaxation must be reversed as quickly and as completely as possible, and for this reason halothane has been a frequent choice as the inhalational anesthetic. Two recent studies<sup>1,2</sup>would seem to support this choice since in these experiments the neurally evoked muscle twitch showed no depression during halothane anesthesia. However, in the report by Watland<sup>1</sup>it is apparent that the intensity and duration of block by tubocurarine was increased in the presence of halothane anesthesia. Since normal neuromuscular transmission has a reserve safety factor several times that necessary for transmission, a moderate neuromuscular blocking action of halothane might be undetected in twitch tension experiments. This degree of block might be of little consequence under ordinary circumstances, but a moderate blocking action of halothane could be of clinical significance
Sharing Genetic Information Online: An Exploration of GINA's 2.0 Frontier
Authors: Vassilis Ragoussis, Ida Ngueng Feze, Yann Joly
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

Scientific breakthroughs in the field of genomics have sparked the sprawling of direct-to-consumer (DTC), low-cost Internet genetic services and generated an unprecedented amount of genetic data. W...
ROENTGENOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF TISSUES INVOLVED IN CHRONIC MOUTH INFECTIONS
Authors: ARTHUR D. BLACK
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In a paper 1 presented before this section at the New York meeting last year there was included a tabulation covering a critical examination of 3,000 roentgenographic films of the teeth and adjacent bone of the mouths of 300 adults. During the past year these studies have been continued with results that very closely parallel the previous figures. The present tabulation, which includes that of last year, covers 600 roentgenographic mouth examinations, for each of which ten small films were made—a total of 6,000 films. 2   The object of this study is primarily to determine as nearly as possible the average percentage of chronic mouth infections, which are of two types: (1) those that begin with inflammations of the gingivae and progress along the side of the root toward the apex, destroying the peridental membrane and adjacent alveolar process—chronic suppurative pericementitis; (2) those which, subsequent to the death of the
695 LOW RATE OF DELAYED RESPONSE IN LAMIVUDINE EXPERIENCED HIV/HBV CO-INFECTED PATIENTS TREATED WITH TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (TDF)
Authors: O. Lada, A. Gervais, M. Branger, G. Peytavin, G. Colin, G. Fraqueiro, S. Males, M. Martinot-Peignoux, S. Matheron, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Noninvasive treatment of pneumoperitoneum after gastric mucosectomy microperforation
Authors: M. Riccioni, M. Mutignani, R. Urgesi, P. Familiari, R. Cianci, G. Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 75-year-old woman with epigastric pain was referred to our center for removal of a polypoid lesion in the stomach. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a 25-mm semipedunculate, polypoid, multilobular lesion at the small gastric curve. Histopathological examination showed that the lesion was a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with invasion of the muscularis mucosa ([Fig. 1]).
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE RAPID THREADING OF NEEDLES
Authors: Edgar J. Poth
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The use of fine milliner's needles and silk, as advocated by Kocher, Halsted and Cushing, entails the threading of numerous needles. This task is tedious, time consuming and often difficult, especially when medium, heavy and braided silks are used. The method described here is presented because of its simplicity. A piece of wire is selected according to the size of needle and thread to be used. The accompanying table gives the best corresponding sizes of wire, needles, and suturing materials. The ends of a piece of wire approximately 3 cm. long are grasped in a needle holder to form a loop. A fine silk suture is passed through the loop and pulled tight to shape the end of the wire so that it will readily pass through the eye of a needle. As many as twelve needles can be threaded onto this doubled wire. The suture material is passed through
Parkinson Foundations in the United States
Authors: Lewis J. Doshay
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Although the victims of Parkinson's disease far out-numbered those of multiple sclerosis and muscular dystrophy combined, there was for a long time no Parkinson foundation in existence. During the course of a decade, my Parkinson exhibits at various medical conventions kept stressing that a foundation was sorely needed. They led to several abortive attempts to create a Parkinson foundation in 1954 and 1955, but nothing concrete materialized after months of deliberations. Finally, in 1957, Mrs. Jeanne Levey took up the challenge and two Parkinson foundations came into existence "almost overnight."<sup>1</sup> Mrs. Levey had traveled far and wide during the preceding five years in search of better understanding of and treatment for her husband's illness. He had developed the first portable quartz string galvanometer, a model of which is now stored in the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, DC. In the early part of March 1957, she arranged
Speed cameras linked to slower driving
Authors: D Gloag
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The number of people killed or seriously injured has fallen by 41% since the installation of speed cameras in west London, according to the Department of Transport. Average driving speeds have also fallen, by 10 mph (16 km/h). In those places in London with cameras to detect violations of red lights accidents have been reduced by 58%.

Measures designed to reduce speeds are particularly worth while: a fall of 1 km/h in average speeds is estimated to prevent 5% of all injuries and 7% of all deaths, according to the Transport Research Laboratory's analysis …
Reappraisal of DNR Orders in Long-term-Care Institutions
Authors: Derek Kerr
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The thoughtful article by Dr Murphy<sup>1</sup>and the balancing editorial by Dr Youngner<sup>2</sup>on limiting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in long-term—care institutions prompted a review of our own CPR experience in a 120-bed, hospital-based, skilled nursing facility. Our patients are characterized largely by multiple, severely disabling, chronic diseases or advanced cancer and other terminal conditions. Most require a level of nursing and medical care that is not available in community nursing homes. In the 6-year period from July 1982 through June 1988, of 679 of our patients who died, 45 underwent CPR, for a CPR rate of 6.6%. During the first 2 years, the CPR rate averaged 14.5%, whereas in the last 2 it averaged 1.9%. This decline followed a previous CPR outcome study that showed the futility of CPR in severely debilitated patients. Since then, our medical staff has been more direct in counseling patients
Insulin Resistance and Truncal Obesity as Important Determinants of the Greater Incidence of Diabetes in Indian Asians and African Caribbeans Compared With Europeans
Authors: Therese Tillin, Alun D. Hughes, Ian F. Godsland, Peter Whincup, Nita G. Forouhi, Paul Welsh, Naveed Sattar, Paul M. McKeigue, Nish Chaturvedi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To determine the extent of, and reasons for, ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes incidence in the U.K.Population-based triethnic cohort. Participants were without diabetes, aged 40-69 at baseline (1989-1991), and followed-up for 20 years. Baseline measurements included fasting and postglucose bloods, anthropometry, and lifestyle questionnaire. Incident diabetes was identified from medical records and participant recall. Ethnic differences in diabetes incidence were examined using competing risks regression.Incident diabetes was identified in 196 of 1,354 (14%) Europeans, 282 of 839 (34%) Indian Asians, and 100 of 335 (30%) African Caribbeans. All Indian Asians and African Caribbeans were first-generation migrants. Compared with Europeans, age-adjusted subhazard ratios (SHRs [95% CI]) for men and women, respectively, were 2.88 (95%, 2.36-3.53; P < 0.001) and 1.91 (1.18-3.10; P = 0.008) in Indian Asians, and 2.23 (1.64-3.03; P < 0.001) and 2.51 (1.63-3.87; P < 0.001) in African Caribbeans. Differences in baseline insulin resistance and truncal obesity largely attenuated the ethnic minority excess in women (adjusted SHRs: Indian Asians 0.77 [0.49-1.42]; P = 0.3; African Caribbeans 1.48 [0.89-2.45]; P = 0.13), but not in men (adjusted SHRs: Indian Asians 1.98 [1.52-2.58]; P < 0.001 and African Caribbeans, 2.05 [1.46-2.89; P < 0.001]).Insulin resistance and truncal obesity account for the twofold excess incidence of diabetes in Indian Asian and African Caribbean women, but not men. Explanations for the excess diabetes risk in ethnic minority men remains unclear. Further study requires more precise measures of conventional risk factors and identification of novel risk factors.
A prospective cohort study of obesity and risk of oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma in the NIH–AARP Diet and Health Study
Authors: Mark G O'Doherty, Neal D Freedman, Albert R Hollenbeck, Arthur Schatzkin, Christian C Abnet
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased rapidly over the past 40 years and accumulating evidence suggests that obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI), is a major risk factor. It remains unclear whether abdominal obesity is associated with EAC and gastric adenocarcinoma. <h3>Design</h3> Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine associations between overall and abdominal obesity with EAC and gastric adenocarcinoma among 218 854 participants in the prospective NIH–AARP cohort. <h3>Results</h3> 253 incident EAC, 191 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas and 125 gastric non-cardia adenocarcinomas accrued to the cohort. Overall obesity (BMI) was positively associated with EAC and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma risk (highest (≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) vs referent (18.5–&lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>); HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.09 and HR 3.67, 95% CI 2.00 to 6.71, respectively). Waist circumference was also positively associated with EAC and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma risk (highest vs referent; HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.00 and HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.43 to 3.47, respectively), whereas waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was positively associated with EAC risk only (highest vs referent; HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.64) and persisted in patients with normal BMI (18.5–&lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Mutual adjustment of WHR and BMI attenuated both, but did not eliminate the positive associations for either with risk of EAC. In contrast, the majority of the anthropometric variables were not associated with adenocarcinomas of the gastric non-cardia. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Overall obesity was associated with a higher risk of EAC and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, whereas abdominal obesity was found to be associated with increased EAC risk; even in people with normal BMI.
INFLUENCE OF SODIUM SALICYLATE UPON THE ARTHRITIS OF RABBITS INOCULATED WITH NON-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Homer F. Swift, Ralph H. Boots
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

1. Rabbits inoculated intravenously with non-hemolytic streptococci, while under the influence of full therapeutic doses of sodium salicylate, developed almost as many inflamed joints as the untreated controls similarly inoculated. 2. The salicylated rabbits, on the other hand, had a much higher proportion of mildly inflamed Joints than did the controls. 3. This anti-inflammatory action was most evident in the animals inoculated with streptococci of the lowest virulence, and could not be demonstrated in animals inoculated with hemolytic streptococci.