tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impulse oscillometry measurements are correlated to quality of life in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Konstantinos Karagiannis, Andras Bikov, Martina Bonifazi, Harpal Kalsi, Harpreet Lota, Sally Meah, Peter Barnes, Athol U. Wells, Paolo Paredi, Omar S. Usmani, Elisabetta Renzoni
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Rationale 

Although airway involvement is prevalent in pulmonary Sarcoidosis, its impact on quality of life is unclear. Impulse Oscillometry (IOS) measurements may display higher sensitivity than FEV1 and other conventional markers of airway obstruction. The present study aims to explore the utility of IOS in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Methods 

63 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis were recruited from our Sarcoid clinic. IOS and lung function tests were performed by every subject on the same day, and all participants completed Leicester's Cough (LCQ) and St George's Respiratory Questionnaires (SGRQ). Correlations between IOS and questionnaire scores were measured by Spearman's rho.

Results 

Demographics are shown in table 1

View this table:

Demographics





There were significant correlations between IOS measurements (R5, X5, Fres, AX) with lung volumes (FEV1%, FVC%, RV/TLC) and maximal expiratory flows (MEF75,50,25%). R5, X5, Fres, AX were more tightly linked to the total SGRQ scores (rho=0.41, -0.43, 0.38, 0.44, respectively, p<0.01) than lung function tests (rho=0.28,p=0.03 for both FVC% and RV/TLC, no significant correlation with FVE1, MEF25/50/75 and DLCO). LCQ score was correlated with the difference R5-R20 (rho=-0.32,p=0.01).

Conclusion 

IOS measurements correlate with symptom burden more strongly than conventional lung function markers in sarcoidosis. Whether this reflects their higher sensitivity to small airway changes requires further study.
Etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin chemotherapy for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma: results of a phase II trial.
Authors: A Lerner, R Gonin, G D Steele, R J Mayer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE A phase II study of etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (EAP) therapy in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma was performed in an attempt to confirm encouraging results reported by German investigators using an identical EAP regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-six consecutive, previously untreated patients with surgically unresectable, measurable gastric carcinoma were treated every 28 days with etoposide (120 mg/m2, days 4, 5, and 6), doxorubicin (20 mg/m2, days 1 and 7), and cisplatin (40 mg/m2, days 2 and 8). A total of 108 courses of treatment was given. RESULTS Therapy was associated with myelosuppression (median granulocyte nadir, 239/microL; median platelet nadir, 81,000/microL), which reached its maximum 14 days after the start of therapy and necessitated hospitalization after 24 of 108 (22%) treatment courses. Four of 36 (11%) patients died of treatment-related toxicity: three from sepsis and one from hemorrhage. Objective responses were observed in 12 of 36 (33%) patients; three (8%) patients experienced a clinical complete response. The median time to progression was 4 months for all 36 patients and 8 months for the 12 responding patients. Of the 13 patients with localized but unresectable disease, five subsequently underwent surgical resection; only one of these five was rendered disease-free. CONCLUSION The EAP regimen is highly toxic and results in response rates and survival times no better than those of more easily tolerated treatment programs.
The two years of prospective hospital based multicenter adult pneumonia surveillance in Japan; the final year report of APSG-Japan
Authors: Masahiro Aoshima, Koya Ariyoshi, Norichika Asoh, Bhim G. Dhoubhadel, Sugihiro Hamaguchi, Naoto Hosokawa, Masayuki Ishida, Tomoko Ishifuji, Norihiro Kaneko, Motoi Suzuki, Kenzo Tanaka, Konosuke Morimoto, Yoshihito Otuska, Eiichiro Sando, Takao Wakabayashi, Makito Yaegashi, Laymint Yoshida
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Pneumonia is now the 3 rd  leading cause of death in Japan with the most aged population. It is vital to investigate epidemiology and aetiology of both community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), health care associated pneumonia (HCAP) for making rational public health policy. The APSG-Japan launched in September 2011 and presented a mid-term progress report last year. We now completed the two years of surveillance.   Objectives: 1) to estimate adult CAP and HCAP incidence; 2) to describe aetiologic pathogens and serotype distribution of  Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae)  in Japan over two years.   Methods: A prospective multicenter surveillance was conducted targeting adult patients diagnosed as either CAP or HCAP at four community-based hospitals in Japan between September 2011 and January 2014. Clinical data and sputum specimens were collected and tested by conventional culture and in-house multiplex PCR detecting 12 respiratory viruses and 6 bacteria.  S. pneumoniae  positive samples were further examined for 50 serotypes by a novel nanofluidic PCR technique.   Results: The mean duration of survey was 23.8 months; the total number of actively enrolled cases was 3,556. 59% were male and the median age was 77 years.  S. pneumonia  (9%) and  Heamophilus infulenzae  (14%) were leading causative pathogens by conventional culture; multiplex PCR revealed a higher prevalence (23%) of  S. pneumoniae , of which 53% were compatible with PCV 13 vaccine serotypes. Respiratory virus was frequently detected (28%).   Conclusion: The APSG-Japan has successfully accumulated the comprehensive information of CAP/HCAP in Japan. The results of final year progress will be presented.
Study assoicção between severity stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and fasting glucose in patients with this disease
Authors: Marianna Ribeiro, Guilhardo Ribeiro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

COPD is a respiratory disease that is characterized by the presence of chronic airflow obstruction. The pathophysiological process of this disease involves the release of proinflammatory cytokines due to chronic inflammation, leading to a systemic effect from these cytokines released. Among the effects, cytokines act by altering the metabolism of glucose and changing the insulin resistance in patients with COPD. Objective: Join the severity stages of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and fasting plasma glucose in patients with this disease. Study design: an observational study, cross-sectional, with data collection for 24 months. Methods: We evaluated 70 patients in the Outpatient COPD, the HSI. To confirm the diagnosis of COPD were performed in all patients with a clinical assessment and spirometry test with pharmaco-dynamics. After confirming the diagnosis of COPD, fasting glucose was requested. After confirming the diagnosis of COPD was requested fasting for the association between them. Results: Patients with COPD grade I showed 64.3% of normal glycemia, 14.3% of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus of 21.4%. COPD patients showed grade II 61.1%% of normal glycemia, 11.1%% of insulin resistance and 27.8%% of diabetes mellitus. Patients with COPD stage III showed 68.0%% of normal glycemia, 16.0%% of insulin resistance and 16.0%% of diabetes mellitus. COPD patients showed 38.5% grade IV% of normal glycemia, 30.8%% of insulin resistance and 30.8%% of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is a positive association between stages of COPD severity and glycemic alterations in these patients.
Maintenance chemotherapy with daily oral etoposide following salvage therapy in patients with germ cell tumors.
Authors: M A Cooper, L H Einhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To evaluate the role of maintenance daily oral etoposide (VP-16) chemotherapy for germ cell patients who had a response to salvage therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-seven patients were entered onto this trial, and 34 were fully assessable. This was as heavily pretreated patient population, with a median of two prior salvage regimens. The salvage treatment that immediately preceded oral VP-16 consisted of autologous bone marrow transplantation in 14 patients (41%), surgery in 10 (29%), and standard-dose salvage chemotherapy in 10 (29%). Daily oral VP-16 was administered at a dose of 50 mg/m2 for 21 consecutive days every 4 weeks for three cycles. RESULTS The major toxicity with daily oral VP-16 was leukopenia. Three patients had grade III and two grade IV leukopenia. Two of these patients had granulocytopenic fever. Other grade III toxicities included thrombocytopenia (n = 1) and mucositis (n = 2). Twenty-three patients started daily oral VP-16 while in complete remission (CR) following salvage therapy. Seventeen (74%) remain continuously disease-free, with a median follow-up time of 36 months (range, 26 to 49) from initiation of daily oral VP-16. Eleven patients started daily oral VP-16 while in partial remission (PR) following salvage therapy. Three of these 11 patients converted to CR, but all three subsequently relapsed. CONCLUSION Maintenance oral VP-16 was well tolerated in this heavily treated patient population. Results in this poor-risk population were encouraging.
Association of Increased Dihydrofolate Reductase Levels and Chromosome Alteration in Amethopterin-Resistant Sublines of Leukemia L1210&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Anthony W. Schrecker, John M. Venditti, Nathaniel H. Greenberg, June L. Biedler, Dennis L. Robinson, Dorris J. Hutchison
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Journal Article Association of Increased Dihydrofolate Reductase Levels and Chromosome Alteration in Amethopterin-Resistant Sublines of Leukemia L1210 Get access Anthony W. Schrecker, Anthony W. Schrecker Biochemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland, and Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John M. Venditti, John M. Venditti Biochemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland, and Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nathaniel H. Greenberg, Nathaniel H. Greenberg Biochemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland, and Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar June L. Biedler, June L. Biedler Biochemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland, and Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dennis L. Robinson, Dennis L. Robinson Biochemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland, and Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dorris J. Hutchison Dorris J. Hutchison Biochemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland, and Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 31, Issue 3, September 1963, Pages 557–574, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/31.3.557 Published: 01 September 1963 Article history Received: 04 February 1963 Published: 01 September 1963
Premenstrual asthma and leukotriene variations in the menstrual cycle
Authors: José Manuel Bravo, Antonio Pereira, José Luis Sánchez, José Antonio Maldonado, Rosa Vázquez, Michael Alwakil, Ignacio Vázquez, José María Ignacio
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Several authors report an increase in leukotriene C4 in the premenstrual phase in women with severe premenstrual asthma, indicating that antileukotrienes could be used in treatment.  Objective: To analyse the role of leukotrienes in premenstrual asthma.  Methods: A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and peak flow during menstrual cycle was given to women of fertile age to define them as asthmatics who suffered from premenstrual asthma or not, and the degree of asthma severity (GINA 2005). PMA was defined as a clinical or functional deterioration (≥20%) in the premenstrual phase compared with the preovulatory phase. Blood samples to measure leukotriene C4 were taken during the preovulatory and premenstrual phases.  Results: Blood samples were taken in 62 asthmatic women, 34 of whom (54.3%) presented PMA criteria with a premenstrual deterioration of between 20% and 40%. There was no difference in leukotriene C4 levels between the preovulatory and premenstrual phases in the women who suffered from PMA (1.50 ng/mL vs. 1.31 ng/mL; p=0.32) and those who did not (1.40 ng/mL vs. 1.29 ng/mL; p=0.62). Neither were there any differences in leukotriene levels between women with or without PMA. The results were similar for each category of asthma severity.  Conclusions: Our data show that leukotriene C4 does not appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of premenstrual asthma, or support the use of anti-leukotrienes in the treatment of premenstrual asthma, at least in women with a moderate premenstrual deterioration. No differences appeared in any of the categories of asthma severity.
Nutrigenomics: the role of nutrients in gene expression
Authors: Tarana Singh Dang, Mark Walker, Dianne Ford, Ruth A. Valentine
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2013)

Abstract Improved understanding of the mechanism behind periodontal tissue destruction, the potential protective role of nutrients and the advent of modern genomic measurement tools has led to an increased interest in the association between nutrition and periodontal disease. To date, evidence for a direct link between periodontal disease and nutrition has come mainly from large observational cross‐sectional studies or very small double‐blind randomized supplementation trials, with a large proportion finding no significant association between the nutrient being analyzed and markers of periodontal disease status. The advent of the ‘genomic era’ has introduced the concept of nutrigenomic studies, which aim to reveal the relationship between nutrition and the genome to provide a scientific basis for improved public health through dietary means. Used alongside relatively inexpensive high‐throughput technology, this will allow the effect of diet on the etiology of periodontal disease to be studied in greater detail. As it is extremely likely that interactions between genotype and diet are important in determining the risk of the most common complex diseases, it is highly probable that these interactions will be important in determining periodontal disease risk. Numerous nutritional genetic studies where the outcome measures have been markers of disease risk, most notably cardiovascular disease and cancer, provide proof of principle, highlight the importance of understanding these interactions and illustrate where the effect of dietary modification on periodontal disease progression may have been overlooked previously by observational studies.
Large glomerular size in Pima Indians
Authors: K Schmidt, C Pesce, Q Liu, R G Nelson, P H Bennett, H Karnitschnig, L J Striker, G E Striker
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

The mean glomerular volume, glomerular fraction of cortical volume, and percentage of obsolescent glomeruli were calculated in kidney specimens from autopsies on 34 Pima Indians, of whom 15 had non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and kidney disease of diabetes mellitus. These values were compared with those of black, white, and non-Pima native American individuals without diabetes mellitus. Glomerular volume in the Pima Indians was similar in the diabetic and nondiabetic subjects and significantly greater than in the white subjects. Black and non-Pima native American individuals had glomerular volumes intermediate between white individuals and Pima Indians. The mean glomerular volume was not affected by the number of obsolescent glomeruli in diabetic Pima Indians. The glomerular volume fraction was greater in the Pimas than in the other groups. These data showed that glomerular volume in the Pima Indians was significantly greater than that in white subjects. There was no difference between diabetic and nondiabetics Pimas, and glomerular size was not correlated with the presence or degree of glomerulosclerosis in this population.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in human lung squamous cell carcinoma in Asian Indians using suppression subtractive hybridization
Authors: Sudip Sen, Bushra Ateeq, Himani Sharma, Palika Datta, Siddhartha Datta Gupta, Sabyasachi Bal, Arvind Kumar, Neeta Singh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A71  Background: Lung cancer (LC) is notorious for early metastasis and very high mortality, worldwide. Asian Indian lung cancer patients differ from their Western counterparts as they present almost 15-20 years earlier, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the commonest histological type. Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and matched normal lung tissues were compared for the first time in Asian Indians to identify and characterize differentially expressed genes involved in lung carcinogenesis. Methods: Two subtracted cDNA libraries containing up- and down-regulated genes in the tumors were constructed using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). The differential expression of these genes was confirmed by reverse Northern blot analysis. DNA of confirmed clones was sequenced and subjected to GenBank Blast searches. RNA expression levels were then individually analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Northern blotting. Results: By this technique, 17 differentially expressed gene cDNA fragments of LSCC were obtained. The differentially expressed genes included those associated with cell cycle, cell structure, cell adhesion, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, transcription, proliferation and signal transduction. RT-PCR analysis and Northern blotting of lung tumor and matched normal lung tissues provided the first evidence that KIAA0767, a mitochondrial death inducing protein, a novel p53 independent target of E2F1 and Geminin, an inhibitor of DNA replication are differentially expressed in LSCC. Conclusions: Identification of the differentially expressed genes in lung cancer in this study adds to the repertoire of genes associated with lung tumorigenesis and may serve as better molecular markers that can benefit the patient with respect to early diagnosis, determining response to chemo/radiotherapy and identifying novel putative intervention sites for anticancer therapy. This is the first such study in Asian Indians. Further characterization of differentially expressed cDNAs identified in this study may help in better understanding of lung carcinogenesis at the molecular/genetic level.
The prognostic value of KRAS mutation according to the gene's
Authors: Christian Boch, Jens Kollmeier, Andreas Roth, Daniel Misch, Timo Weiß, Anna Streubel, Thomas Mairinger, Torsten T. Bauer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: A point mutation in the KRAS gene is the most frequent mutation in NSCLC. It is predominantly detected in codon 12 and 13. For patients with resected NSCLC and adjuvant chemotherapy, recent findings indicate a survival advantage for the subgroup with a KRAS mutation in codon 12 vs. 13. In the present study we analysed differences of overall survival in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC in dependence of the location of the KRAS-mutation.  Methods: From 10/2009 till 12/2011 we diagnosed 497 patients with non-sqamous NSCLC stage IIIB and IV. KRAS mutation analysis was performed via LightCycler Real-time PCR.  Results: A mutation analysis could be completed in 299/497 tissue samples (206 adenocarcinoma (AC) and 93 other non squamous carcinoma). In all other cases the amount of material was not sufficient for this addition analysis. In 76/299 cases (25.4%) a KRAS mutation was detected (30 male, 46 female). In 65/76 (85.5%) cases it was located in codon 12 and in 11/76 (14.5%) on codon 13. No significant difference in overall survival could be proofed for patients with mutations in KRAS codon 12 (median OS 278 days, 176-380 95%CI) versus patients with mutations in KRAS codon 13 (median OS 226 days, 27-429 95%CI; p=0.533).  Conclusions: In our monocentric study population with advanced NSCLC the frequency of KRAS mutations in codon 12 and 13 is comparable to other studies. We did not find a prognostic relevance of the mutated gene´s location.
The role of dose intensity in determining outcome in intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Authors: R M Meyer, W M Hryniuk, M D Goodyear
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

To determine whether the dose intensity of chemotherapeutic regimens correlates with the complete remission rate in adult patients with advanced-stage intermediate-grade lymphoma, reports of comparative trials of therapy were reviewed. Reports were identified using MEDLINE, through references from review articles, and through review of selected abstracts. Twenty-two studies including 14 randomized and eight cohort trials were analyzed to assess projected dose intensity. Four other studies were analyzed to assess the role of received dose intensity. Dose intensities were calculated using described methods and correlated with complete remission rates. Individual trials were assessed using "levels of evidence." A metaanalysis of randomized trials and a cross-trial analysis of all comparative trials using a weighted least squares linear regression were performed. Using levels of evidence, support was obtained for the hypothesis that dose intensity correlates with the remission rate from two trials in which dose intensity was "indirectly" tested. As these studies did not "directly" test dose intensity, confounding variables, including those arising from the assumptions made in calculating dose intensity, cannot be excluded. Metaanalysis showed a relative probability of achieving complete remission of 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.58) favoring the pooled arm of high dose intensity. Cross-trial analysis showed a relatively weak association between dose intensity and remission rate (r = .49, P = .0001). Two of four reports retrospectively assessing received dose intensity suggested that increased dose intensity is associated with superior remission rates. These analyses suggest that dose intensity may correlate with the remission rate in advanced-stage intermediate-grade lymphoma. However, properly designed trials directly testing dose intensity have not been performed and are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Population Changes of a Rat Leukemia by Different Routes of Transplantation 2
Authors: Motoi Ishidate, Michiko Aoshima, Yoshio Sakurai
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Population Changes of a Rat Leukemia by Different Routes of Transplantation Get access Motoi Ishidate, Jr., Motoi Ishidate, Jr. 3Department of Chemical Pathology, National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan 158. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michiko Aoshima, Michiko Aoshima 4Chemotherapy Center, Cancer Institute, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan 170. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yoshio Sakurai Yoshio Sakurai 4Chemotherapy Center, Cancer Institute, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan 170. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 3, September 1974, Pages 773–781, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.3.773 Published: 01 September 1974 Article history Received: 07 January 1974 Accepted: 24 May 1974 Published: 01 September 1974