tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Author's reply to Poole, Conway, Bewley, Sundar, and Chalmers and Firkins
Authors: M. D. Rawlins
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We present the case of a 45-year-old man with a known history of sarcoidosis who presented with double vision and headache. On examination, he was found to have left abducens and hypoglossal nerve palsy. CT and then MRI demonstrated extensive osseous lesions with a large expansile mass involving the clivus bone and sphenoid sinus. Laboratory data were remarkable for normocytic anaemia, low anion gap and elevated total protein which raised the suspicion for multiple myeloma. Subsequent protein electrophoresis and immunofixation illustrated monoclonal spike of IgG lambda present in the gamma zone. This was followed by a bone marrow biopsy that demonstrated plasma cells compromising around 80% of marrow cellularity. Left sphenoidal mass biopsy was consistent with plasmacytoma. Based on these findings, the patient was initially started on palliative radiation to shrink the intracranial tumour and is currently undergoing induction chemotherapy.
Philadelphia‐positive metaphases in the marrow after bone marrow transplantation for chronic granulocytic leukemia
Authors: Jane F. Apperley, Feyruz Rassool, Antonio Parreira, Colin G. Geary, Christine Harrison, Derek Stansfield, John M. Goldman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract A 28‐year‐old man with Ph‐positive chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) was treated by high‐dose chemoradiotherapy and transplantation of marrow cells harvested from his HLA‐identical brother. One year after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) examination of his marrow showed a minority population of Ph‐positive cells; their proportion subsequently fell such that 2 years after transplant analysis of marrow cells showed only cytogenetically normal cells. The patient remains clinically normal with a persisting mild lymphocytosis but without hematological evidence of leukemia. We cannot in this patient distinguish between persisting leukemia that later could no longer be recognized and relapse of leukemia that is now suppressed, perhaps only temporarily. This case emphasizes the need for caution in interpreting chromosomal finding after BMT for CGL.
Quantitative Relations of Fetal and Maternal Pitiutary - Adrenal Systems I. EFFECTS OF MATERNAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY
Authors: B. T. Jackson, H. F. J. Rauschecker, G. J. Piasecki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Even though certain aspects of the fetal pituitary-adrenal system have been extensively studied, much remains to be learned of its basic development and function. In the present work, the effect of maternal hypophysectomy upon quantitative pituitary-adrenal relations in mother and fetus was investigated in pregnant beagle dogs. At 57 days gestation in each of seven normal animals and seven animals 3 wk posthypophysectomy, a cannula for collection of adrenal effluent was placed in a single fetus in utero under halothane anesthesia. A timed fetal adrenal sample was obtained; ACTH (10 mU) was injected into the fetus; 3 min thereafter a second fetal adrenal sample was collected and fetal and maternal peripheral arterial samples were drawn. All fetuses and their adrenal glands were weighed. Concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone were determined by a modification of the double-isotope dilution derivative method of Kliman and Peterson. Mean peripheral cortisol concentrations in mother and fetus were 92 and 94 ng/ml, respectively (ratio 1.0), in normal pregnancies and 11 and 54 ng/ml, respectively (ratio 0.2), in maternal hypophysectomy pregnancies. Weights of fetal adrenal gland pairs of 32 and 44 mg, respectively, in normal and hypophysectomy pregnancies indicate increased fetal ACTH secretion in response to lowered circulating cortisol in the fetus secondary to maternal hypophysectomy. These data demonstrate the presence of an active pituitary-adrenal feedback mechanism in the dog fetus which is partly influenced by maternal pituitary-adrenal function. The shift in the maternal-fetal ratio of peripheral cortisol concentrations from 1.0 to 0.2 occasioned by maternal hypophysectomy neither supports nor rules out the presence of specific placental mechanisms affecting relative concentrations of cortisol in mother and fetus. It does suggest, however, that the relative steroid input into maternal and fetal compartments is one of the factors which influences such concentration ratios. Concentrations of cortisol were significantly higher in fetal adrenal effluent (pre-ACTH) than in fetal peripheral plasma in normal pregnancies, which demonstrates secretion of cortisol by the fetus and shows that corticosteroid of maternal origin does not lead to complete suppression of fetal pituitary-adrenal function. Cortisol secretion rates in response to exogenous ACTH were essentially the same in fetuses in normal and hypophysectomy pregnancies (132 and 128 ng/min, respectively). Thus, fetal adrenal responsiveness to ACTH, i.e., maximum secretory capacity, is not enhanced by increased ACTH stimulation sufficient to induce adrenal hypertrophy in the same fetuses.
White House calls for "safety stand-down" at US laboratories
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Recent safety lapses at two US laboratories that handle dangerous pathogens have prompted the White House to urge all US government agencies whose facilities handle infectious agents or toxins to conduct “safety stand-down” exercises to review biosafety and biosecurity practice in laboratories.

In a memorandum sent on 19 August1 Lisa Monaco, assistant to the president for homeland security and counterterrorism, and John Holdren, assistant to the president for science and technology, said it was “imperative” that US researchers on infectious disease conduct “a comprehensive review of current biosafety and biosecurity protocols and procedures” and that they document their culture collections.

Earlier this year, safety lapses in two high level biocontainment laboratories at the US Centers for …
Immunocheraical investigation of allergens from Rhizopus nigricans
Authors: S. Sridhara, S. V. Gangal, A. P. Joshi
Journal: Allergy (1990)

The allergenic proteins of mould, Rhizopus nigricans extract (RNE) were identified and characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), thin‐layer isoelectrofocusing (TLIEF) and RAST inhibition. CIE revealed that the extract contained at least 31 distinct antigens. On TLIEF the extract resolved into 22 bands in pi 3.5–6.8. Two important allergens, Rhiz IIIb and VIb were purified by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography on DEAE‐Sephadex column and gel filtration. Twenty and 12 μg of Rhiz IIIb and Rhiz VIb were sufficient to give 50% RAST inhibition as against 43 μg of crude RNE. Rhiz IIIb and Rhiz VIb were found to be glycoproteins with molecular weights of 12,400 daltons and 14,200 daltons, respectively. Rhiz IIIb was found to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and TLIEF with a pI of 4.8, while Rhiz VIb gave a single band on PAGE and resolved into two Coomassie blue stained bands with pI 3.6 and 3.8. It was possible to separate the components of RNE on fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) using an anion exchanger Mono Q column. The identification and characterization of the antigenic and allergenic proteins in the extract will be useful in standardization of RNE and in preparation of an in‐house reference standard.
Early onset scoliosis: a call for awareness.
Authors: A N Conner
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Thrombocytopenia induced by nalidixic acidOver the years the Netherlands Centre for Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Drugs has received six case reports on patients with profound but transient thrombocytopenia probably induced by nalidixic acid (Negram, Mictral).The table gives the details of these patients. CasesCharacteristically thrombocytopenia developed within 10 to 15 days of treatment with nalidixic acid, 4 g daily, and rapidly recovered after stopping the drug (table).All patients had platelet counts below 30 x 109/1 and serious impairment of blood coagulation, haemorrhagic symptoms being recorded in five.In one case immediate relapse of thrombocytopenia on rechallenge with a single dose of 1 g nalidixic acid provided the proof for a causal relation.One patient concomitantly had a generalised rash.The bone marrow was studied in two patients and showed active megakaryopoiesis.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) of gallstones. An comparison between an electrohydraulic and piezoceramic device
Authors: T. Sauerbruch, R. Schachler, N.C. Bird, E. Frost, B. Ross, M. Sackmann, A.G. Johnson, G. Paumgartner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Abstract 1087: TGF-β activated EGFr as a bypass mechanism for the acquired resistance of MET inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Carl B. Rountree, Wei Ding, Hien Dang, Steve Steinway
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with an active HGF/c-Met signaling pathway have a significantly worse prognosis. Although targeting strategies using MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are in Phase I/II testing for HCC, monotherapy using TKIs in other cancers has not demonstrated durable responses. In non-small cell lung cancer, bypass mechanisms for resistance to EGFr TKIs include MET amplification and activation. We utilized human HCC MET+ cell lines to explore a mechanism of EGFr activation during MET inhibition, and we examined the effect of combination MET and EGFr TKI therapy on suppressing this bypass mechanism in HCC in vivo. Analysis of 149 HCC specimens using transcriptome profiling and immuno-histochemical staining demonstrates a strong negative correlation between EGFr and MET expression. HCC is predominantly either MET positive [44%] or EGFr positive [45%], and co-expression of MET and EGFr is extremely rare in the same tumor. We have previously demonstrated that treatment of xenograft tumors of human HCC MET+ MHCC97-H cells with a MET TKI resulted in stasis of tumor growth in vivo (You … Rountree. Hepatology. 2011). To understand the mechanism of survival in the MHCC97-H cells after inhibition of MET, we developed an MHCC97-H cell line with stable expression of MET shRNA. This MHCC97-H METneg line demonstrated the slower growth kinetics and the inhibition of both PI3K and MAPK signaling comparable to MET TKI treated xenografts. Screening against 850 kinases and phosphatases identified EGFr activation as a mechanism of survival in this MHCC97-H METneg line. Gene expression analysis of this MHCC97-H METneg cell line demonstrated a 6 fold increase in TGF-β, a ligand of EGFr. MHCC97-H xenograft tumor analysis demonstrates a 20 fold increase in TGF-β expression after MET TKI therapy. In vivo treatment of MHCC97-H tumors with combination MET and EGFr TKI therapy resulted in complete regression of all small tumors (15 mm3 at start of TKI) compared to partial regression when MET TKI was used as monotherapy. Treatment of large tumors (200-300 mm3 at start of TKI) with combination TKI therapy resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volume compared to MET TKI monotherapy. EGFr TKI monotherapy had no effect on tumor growth kinetics. Within MET positive HCC models, MET TKI therapy results in a bypass mechanism through up-regulation of TGF-β and activation of EGFr. This bypass mechanism can be partially overcome with combination EGFr and MET TKI therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1087. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1087
CLINICAL REPORTS OF SOME OF THE RARER FORMS OF HYSTERIA.
Authors: C. C. HERSMAN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>Case 1.</h3> —Hilda M., aged 4, was admitted to the St. Joseph's Hospital of Pittsburg October, 1904. <h3>History.</h3> —Mother died of tuberculosis; father healhty. She has always been delicate. She had typhoid fever at the age of 2½ years. Has a very bad temper, which is partially inherited. She has lived at various places, and has never been controlled. At times she is a lovely child, but when in a fit of temper nothing will induce her to smile. She is very thin, pale and delicate looking. She is poorly developed, with some marks of degeneracy. The accompanying chart will show the hyperpyrexia suffered during one of the nervous attacks to which she is subject. <h3>Case 2.</h3> —Katie H., aged 24, who had always lived at home; domestic; came to me in October, 1904. <h3>History.</h3> —She has had stomach trouble and neuralgic headaches for two years. Three years ago she
Battle Over Florida Legislation Casts a Chill Over Gun Inquiries
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Early in his career, Louis B. St. Petery Jr, MD, a pediatrician in Tallahassee, Florida, attended the funeral of a young patient from his practice who was shot and killed after the child's sibling found a loaded gun in a bedside drawer.
Mosaicism due to myeloid lineage–restricted loss of heterozygosity as cause of spontaneous Rh phenotype splitting
Authors: Günther F. Körmöczi, Eva-Maria Dauber, Oskar A. Haas, Tobias J. Legler, Frederik B. Clausen, Gerhard Fritsch, Markus Raderer, Christoph Buchta, Andreas L. Petzer, Diether Schönitzer, Wolfgang R. Mayr, Christoph Gassner
Journal: Blood (2007)
Gerodontology Deals With All Gerodontology
Authors: Edgar A. Tonna
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The March 8, 1985, issue ofThe Journal<sup>1</sup>carried an important article dealing with gerodontology—the study of dentition and dental problems of elderly persons. The article was timely, well written, and important to the development of gerodontology. However, we feel that one point deserves clarification. In discussing the editor of<i>Gerodontics</i>, Ms Goldsmith notes that, "His journal [<i>Gerodontics</i>] is the first one to be specifically devoted to all aspects of its subject—not just research...." Earlier in the article, Ms Goldsmith points out that the results of research studies in this area are published in<i>Gerodontology</i>, which began publication in 1982. The overall impression gained is that<i>Gerodontology</i>deals only with research issues. We respectfully submit that<i>Gerodontology</i>deals with all clinical and research aspects of gerodontology and has from its inception (<i>Gerodontology</i>1982;1:1-40) and its statement of purpose in the first issue clearly indicated this.
455. Drug Resistance Gene Therapy to Induce Donor-Specific Tolerance after Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Dogs
Authors: Sabine Gerull, Karen E. Beagles, Brian C. Beard, Laura J. Peterson, Hans-Peter Kiem
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We have previously shown successful engraftment of gene-modified, chemoprotected allogeneic stem cells after conditioning with a myeloablative dose of total body irradiation. In this setting we have also been able to demonstrate the modulation of mixed chimerism, i.e. increase of donor-derived cells after administration of chemotherapy. In the present study we asked whether allogeneic chemoprotected stem cells could be used to induce donor-specific tolerance after a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen or without conditioning at all. In addition we were interested whether tolerance could be induced with a T-cell depleted graft.
Apolipoprotein A-IV is a candidate target molecule for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Yuka Makino, Emiko Noguchi, Noboru Takahashi, Yuri Matsumoto, Seita Kubo, Takechiyo Yamada, Yoshimasa Imoto, Yumi Ito, Yoko Osawa, Masanao Shibasaki, Kazuhiko Uchida, Kohji Meno, Hideaki Suzuki, Kimihiro Okubo, Tadao Arinami, Shigeharu Fujieda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Analgesic Use, Agranulocytosis, and Aplastic Anemia
Authors: C. P. H. van Dijke
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  I read with great interest the results of the International Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia study. 1 This article gives rise, however, to some fundamental questions. First, was the method of calculation used appropriate to the study of a disease (agranulocytosis) that is largely drug induced? Second, what is the real meaning of the rate ratio estimate?  Usually, a case-control study is concerned with a naturally occurring disease. The risk to the users of a particular drug is estimated by comparing the ratio of users and nonusers of the drug among cases (a/b) and controls (c/d).  However, when patients with systemic diseases that can cause neutropenia are excluded, as was done in this study, the remaining cases of agranulocytosis are largely due to drugs. 2 If we focus on a particular drug, say X, then group b can be subdivided into patients with agranulocytosis due to drugs other
Ramipril and the Development of Diabetes
Authors: Salim Yusuf
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Type 2 diabetes is a growing clinical and public health problem. Preventive efforts related to lifestyle modification are not always successful; therefore, alternative prevention strategies need to be studied.To investigate the effectiveness of ramipril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, in preventing diabetes among high-risk persons.The randomized, controlled Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation trial of 5720 patients older than 55 years without known diabetes but with vascular disease who were followed up for a mean of 4.5 years. The study included 267 hospitals in 19 countries and was conducted between 1994 and 1999.Patients were randomly assigned to receive ramipril, up to 10 mg/d (n = 2837), or placebo (n = 2883).Diagnosis of diabetes determined from self-report at follow-up visits every 6 months, compared between the 2 groups.One hundred and two individuals (3.6%) in the ramipril group developed diabetes compared with 155 (5.4%) in the placebo group (relative risk [RR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.85, P<.001). Similar results were noted when different diagnostic criteria were used; in the ramipril group, the RR for diagnosis of diabetes and hemoglobin A(1c) greater than 110% was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.43-0.85), for initiation of glucose-lowering therapy, 0.56 (95% CI, 0.41-0.77), and for both, 0.51 (95% CI, 0.34-0.76). These effects were also consistently seen in several subgroups examined.Ramipril is associated with lower rates of new diagnosis of diabetes in high-risk individuals. Because these results have important clinical and public health implications, this hypothesis requires prospective confirmation.
Abstract 5580: Simvastatin induces expression of miRNA-200a and let-7c, leading to mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin and reduced cell migration in PC-3 cells
Authors: Shuman Liu, Xuesen Li, Zhongbo Liu, Xia Xu, Christopher Blair, Anne Simoneau, Xiaolin Zi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Simvastatin is a widely used cholesterol-lowering drug. Emerging evidence suggests that statins including simvastatin have other biological effects linked to a reduced risk of prostate cancer recurrence. We have examined the effect of simvastatin on invasive capacity of PC-3 cells, a cell line derived from a prostate cancer bone metastasis specimen. Our results showed that simvastatin treatment of PC3 cells at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μM for 8 hours significantly increased the expression of miRNA-200a and let-7c. miRNA-200a and let-7c have been reported to be involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). At the same concentrations, simvastatin significantly induced the protein and mRNA expression of E-cadherin, a hallmark for EMT. In addition, simvastatin treatment of PC-3 cells caused markedly increased activities of Rho GTPases including RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac1. Collectively, these molecular events caused by simvastatin led to a significant reduction of PC-3 cell migration in a wound-healing experiment. Therefore, simvastatin exhibits a novel anti-migration activity against metastatic prostate cancer, suggesting a potential role for simvastatin in prevention of prostate cancer recurrence after prostatectomy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5580. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5580
A Gain-of-Function Mutation of<i>JAK2</i>in Myeloproliferative Disorders
Authors: Robert Kralovics, Francesco Passamonti, Andreas S. Buser, Soon-Siong Teo, Ralph Tiedt, Jakob R. Passweg, Andre Tichelli, Mario Cazzola, Radek C. Skoda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and idiopathic myelofibrosis are clonal myeloproliferative disorders arising from a multipotent progenitor. The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the short arm of chromosome 9 (9pLOH) in myeloproliferative disorders suggests that 9p harbors a mutation that contributes to the cause of clonal expansion of hematopoietic cells in these diseases.
Surveillance of Bromocriptine in Pregnancy
Authors: Ivan Turkalj
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Information was collected on the outcome of 1,410 pregnancies in 1,335 women to whom bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) had been given, primarily in the early weeks of pregnancy. These pregnancies resulted in 197 early terminations (14%) (including 25 induced abortions [1.8%]) and in 1,213 births (86%). The incidence rate of spontaneous abortions (11.1%), extrauterine pregnancies (0.9%), and minor (2.5%) and major (1.0%) malformations is comparable with that quoted for normal populations, and the incidence of twin pregnancies (1.8%) is slightly but not significantly raised, if correction is made for concomitant therapy with other agents inducing ovulation. The data suggest that the intake of bromocriptine during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk to the fetus. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1589-1591)
Effect of lysolecithin on gastric mucosal structure and potential difference.
Authors: R Orchard, K Reynolds, B Fox, R Andrews, R A Parkins, A G Johnson
Journal: Gut (1977)

The effect of lysolecithin (100 mg%) on the guinea-pig gastric mucosa was studied by instilling a solution for 30 minutes, preceded and followed by 100 MN HCl into 10 total gastric pouches. Ten control animals had HCl throughout. Lysolecithin produced a significant change in transmucosal potential difference, macroscopic erosions, and mucosal damage on histology and electron scanning microscopy. None of these changes was seen in the control animals. This is further evidence that the reflux of lysolecithin from the duodenum is an important factor in causing active gastritis and gastric erosions.
A Spreading Concern: Inhalational Health Effects of Mold
Authors: Bob Weinhold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

extent of contamination."The CDC based some of its findings on a landmark 2004 report, Damp Indoor Spaces and Health, by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies.Relying on the IOM report, and dozens of studies and reports that have been published since, many organizations and individuals that must deal regularly with mold problems have begun to take steps to reduce the threat.But many of the puzzle pieces-exactly who is vulnerable, to what extent, and under what conditions-are still missing.The vast information gaps that remain continue to feed significant controversy in the legal, insurance, political, scientific, medical, public health, and building design, construction, management, and maintenance arenas.
VITAMIN A AS AN ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENT: ITS USE IN THE TREATMENT OF PUERPERAL SEPTIGAEMIA
Authors: E. Mellanby, H. N. Green
Journal: BMJ (1929)

LAST year we published an-account of an experimental investigation on animals, which suggested that ani inmportant function of vitamin A was to raise the resistanee-either local or general, or both-to bacterial infectioni.Animals deprived only of this vitamin died ultimately with miultiple foci of