tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of a rat liver phosphatidylcholine translocator in Xenopus laevis oocytes
Authors: G Kullak-Ublick, T Gerloff, B Hagenbuch, F Berr, P J Meier, B Stieger
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

A phospholipid translocating protein from rat liver has been expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Injection of oocytes with total rat liver messenger RNA (mRNA) resulted in the function expression of saturable uptake of the water soluble phophatidylcholine derivative L-alpha-dibutyroylglycero-3-phophatidylcholine (diC4PC), Kinetic studies revealed an apparent Km value of approximately 10 mmol/L, which is similar to the value previously obtained in isolated rat liver canalicular plasma membrane vesicles for an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-independent phosphatidylcholine translocator. Size fractionation of total rat liver mRNA yielded an active mRNA species between 1.8 and 2.6 kb, that stimulated the expressed phophatidylcholine uptake activity approximately fivefold as compared with differently sized mRNA subfractions. This active mRNA size class is too small to code for the mdr2 P-glycoprotein, which has been suggested to function as an ATP-dependent canalicular phosphatidylcholine translocator. Hence, the data indicate that there are at least two separate polypeptides involved in phospholipid translocation from hepatocytes into bile.
Bone morphogenetic protein signalling in heritable versus idiopathic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: L. Dewachter, S. Adnot, C. Guignabert, L. Tu, E. Marcos, E. Fadel, M. Humbert, P. Dartevelle, G. Simonneau, R. Naeije, S. Eddahibi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Mutations in the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor type 2 (<i>BMPR-2</i>) have been reported in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but their functional relevance remains incompletely understood. BMP receptor expression was evaluated in human lungs and in cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) isolated from 19 idiopathic PAH patients and nine heritable PAH patients with demonstrated <i>BMPR-2</i> mutations. BMP4-treated PASMCs were assessed for Smad and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling associated with mitosis and apoptosis. Lung tissue and PASMCs from heritable PAH patients presented with decreased BMPR-2 expression and variable increases in BMPR-1A and BMPR-1B expression, while a less important decreased BMPR-2 expression was observed in PASMCs from idiopathic PAH patients. Heritable PAH PASMCs showed no increased phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 in the presence of BMP4, which actually activated the p38MAPK pathway. Individual responses varied from one mutation to another. PASMCs from PAH patients presented with an <i>in vitro</i> proliferative pattern, which could be inhibited by BMP4 in idiopathic PAH but not in heritable PAH. PASMCs from idiopathic PAH and more so from heritable PAH presented an inhibition of BMP4-induced apoptosis. Most heterogeneous <i>BMPR-2</i> mutations are associated with defective Smad signalling compensated for by an activation of p38MAPK signalling, accounting for PASMC proliferation and deficient apoptosis.
Nanotechnology and the Developing World
Authors: Fabio Salamanca-Buentello, Deepa L Persad, Erin B Court, Douglas K Martin, Abdallah S Daar, Peter A Singer
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

A Defi nition of NanotechnologyNanotechnology is the study, design, creation, synthesis, manipulation, and application of functional materials, devices, and systems through control of matter at the nanometer scale (1-100 nanometers, one nanometer being equal to 1 × 10 -9 of a meter), that is, at the atomic and molecular levels, and the exploitation of novel phenomena and properties of matter at that scale.
Rituximab immunotherapy results in the induction of a lymphoma idiotype-specific T-cell response in patients with follicular lymphoma: support for a “vaccinal effect” of rituximab
Authors: Shannon P. Hilchey, Ollivier Hyrien, Tim R. Mosmann, Alexandra M. Livingstone, Jonathan W. Friedberg, Faith Young, Richard I. Fisher, Raymond J. Kelleher, Richard B. Bankert, Steven H. Bernstein
Journal: Blood (2009)
William Guy Daynes
Authors: Robin Finlay
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In the late 1950s Guy Daynes, then a general practitioner in Hove, read a book about life as a medical missionary in Africa. Guy was deeply affected by this, and successfully applied for a post as medical superintendent of St Lucy's Hospital, St Cuthbert's Mission in Transkei, South Africa. Not only did Guy have to learn how to run a mission hospital and manage the totally unfamiliar, but he also had to become a surgeon instantly. At the time there was a lot of local faction fighting, generally with knobkerries, and compound skull fractures were common.

Having established St Lucy's Hospital as an example of how mission hospitals should work, he formed an association of all the mission hospitals in Transkei and Ciskei, and between 1962 and 1972 he was the provost of the East Cape branch of the College of General Practitioners. In 1970 he established the Transkei and Ciskei Research Society. This proved so successful that for some years the proceedings of the society's annual conference were published in full as an issue of the South African Medical Journal.

He also launched the Transkei Association for Action against Alcoholism, and St Lucy's was the first hospital in the Transkei to treat people with alcohol dependency. The same year Guy was invited to set up the first psychiatric hospital in Transkei at Umzimkulu, and became consultant in charge of Transkei psychiatric services.

With two coauthors, he published Clinical Medicine in Africans in Southern Africa, which became the standard student textbook in South Africa. In 1983 this book was expanded as Clinical Medicine and Health in Developing Africa.

Five years later, Guy was asked to take over the running of the major hospital in the capital of Transkei, Umtata, and develop it into a teaching hospital so that a medical school could be established in the newly founded University of Transkei. He became the chairman of the founding committee of this medical school and for four years worked hard to bring it into fruition. At the age of 70 Guy took over the psychiatric side of Madadeni Hospital in Newcastle and became the consultant in charge of psychiatric services of KwaZulu-Natal. Within two years he had to take over running the whole hospital.

He leaves a wife, Jan, and four children.

William Guy Daynes, former medical missionary Transkei, South Africa (b Wroxham, Norfolk, 1916; q Westminster Hospital, London, 1940; DCH), d 18 February 2005.
Effect of intravenous iron dextran on rheumatoid synovitis.
Authors: D R Blake, J Lunec, M Ahern, E F Ring, J Bradfield, J M Gutteridge
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Eleven patients with rheumatoid arthritis received a total dose infusion of iron dextran for anaemia. Two of them had anaphylactic reactions and the remaining nine an exacerbation of synovitis. Quantitative infrared thermal imaging was used to assess the extent and distribution of joint involvement resulting from this therapy. In all eight patients examined the 'thermographic index' increased in two or more joint areas, indicating an increase in inflammation. Small joints of the hands were maximally affected, though larger joints when previously inflamed also worsened. Uninflamed joints were rarely affected. The exacerbation of synovitis occurred 24-48 h after completion of the iron dextran infusion and corresponded with a saturating of the serum iron binding capacity. Levels of immune complexes were unaltered, implying normal reticuloendothelial function. In one further patient, reported to have synovial flares when challenged with oral ferrous sulphate, iron dextran was infused at a lower dosage. All previously inflamed joints in this patient worsened 12 h after the infusion was discontinued. Concomitant with this was an increase of lipid peroxidation products in synovial fluid and to a less extent serum. Iron dextran in vitro stimulated lipid peroxidation, but dextran alone had no effect. It is therefore suggested that iron dextran worsens synovial inflammation by promoting lipid peroxidation.
DR. HUGHLINGS JACKSON'S VIEWS OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CEREBELLUM, AS ILLUSTRATED BY RECENT RESEARCH: Being the Hughlings Jackson Lecture for 1906
Authors: V. Horsley
Journal: BMJ (1907)

with its vital importance.To discharge such patients before healing is complete merely because they have been long in hospital, and the serous discharge has become scanty, is surely not justifiable.If admitted at all, they must be treated with the same care until they are healed.If failure to exclude septic mischief occurs, evidenced as it will be by the supervention of hectic fever and the discharge of pus from the sinus, no reason longer exists for keeping such a patient in the hospital.His fate is sealed, no matter where or how he may be treated.*ABSCESS OF THE HIP-JOINT.I must also refer very briefly to abscess of the hip-joint.Here results are obtained by antiseptic treatment essen- tially similar to those which I have described in speaking of spinal abscess.If scrupulous antiseptic dressing is maintained, along with perfect rest of the articulation, the serous discharge which alone follows the evacuation of the original contents ceases after a longer or shorter period, and if no shortening of the limb had occurred before the operation complete restoration of the normal condition may be anticipated, while in cases of partial absorption of the head of the bone incomparably better results are obtained than can be got by excision, the patient having meanwhile remained absolutely free from constitutional disturbance.TREATMENT OF ACUTE ABSCESS.In ordinary acute abscesses, such as those occurring during lactation, a merely serous discharge follows anti-
SUBCAPITAL FRACTURE OF THE NECK OF THE FEMUR
Authors: ARMITAGE WHITMAN
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The question of the proper treatment for all varieties of fracture of the neck of the femur seems at last to have been settled. In other words, the abduction treatment—the Whitman method—has been accepted by surgeons acquainted with the treatment of fractures.  The subject of fracture of the neck of the femur in general, however, is still open to discussion. To make the subject as clear as possible, I think it advisable to adopt, instead of the time-worn and somewhat vague intracapsular and extracapsular fracture, the more definite French terminology. Fractures of the neck of the femur are classified by Delbet as (1) subcapital, (2) transcervical, (3) cervicotrochanteric and (4) pertrochanteric, as illustrated by figure 1.  This classification is important because opinion seems to be unanimous that the last two forms of the fracture will unite under any form of treatment. The application of the abduction method to them, therefore,
Cleveland Clinic Current Clinical Medicine
Authors: Anne-Maree Cantwell
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"Decolonizing" the Minds of Bioethicists: Reflections on Psychosocial Challenges
Authors: Sandra Anderson Garcia
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

(2003). 'Decolonizing' the Minds of Bioethicists: Reflections on Psychosocial Challenges. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 27-29.
A modified method of DNA extraction from peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens
Authors: Curtis A. Hanson, John H. Kersey
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract We have outlined a modified method of DNA extraction from blood and bone marrow that can be used for gene rearrangement studies of leukemia and lymphoma and can consistently give excellent yields of DNA from as little as 1 × 10 6 cells. The method is based on the use of small sample vessels, a marked reduction in solution volume and minimal handling of the specimen. By using known cell numbers from eight leukemic bone marrow samples and four leukemic call lines, the modified extraction procedure consistently had better yields of DNA, compared with a standard procedure. These findings were confirmed by further comparisons of DNA yields from 14 hypocellular clinical specimens that had been divided into two equal parts for side‐by‐side DNA extraction with both methods. The quality of the DNA from the modified extraction method was similar to standard methods on subsequent Southern blot analysis and hybridization with immunoglobulin and/or T‐cell receptor gene probes. This modified DNA extraction method is a procedure that complements standard extraction methods and expands the number and type of specimens that can be evaluated by the clinical molecular genetics laboratory.
EVALUATING CARDIAC MECHANICS FROM 4D echocardiographic imaging for longitudinal AND CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRAIN USING 3D-WALL MOTION TRACKING
Authors: David J. Sahn, Rosie Bleck, Kacie Amacher, Meihua Zhu, Cole Streiff, Sumito Kimura, Sreyas Ravi, Austin Park, Muhammad Ashraf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A Population-Based Ultra-Widefield Digital Image Grading Study for Age-Related Macular Degeneration–Like Lesions at the Peripheral Retina
Authors: Imre Lengyel, Adrienne Csutak, Daniela Florea, Irene Leung, Alan C. Bird, Fridbert Jonasson, Tunde Peto
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)

Our understanding of the relevance of peripheral retinal abnormalities to disease in general and in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in particular is limited by the lack of detailed peripheral imaging studies. The purpose of this study was to develop image grading protocols suited to ultra-widefield imaging (UWFI) in an aged population.A cross-sectional study of a random population sample in which UWFI was introduced at the 12-year review of the Reykjavik Eye Study in Iceland.Five hundred seventy-six subjects 62 years of age or older.Ultra-widefield (up to 200°) color and autofluorescence images were obtained using the Optos P200CAF laser scanning ophthalmoscope (Optos plc, Dunfermline, Scotland). The images were graded at Moorfields Eye Hospital Reading Centre primarily based on the International Classification for AMD. Macular and peripheral changes were graded using a standardized grid developed for this imaging method.Presence or absence of hard, crystalline, and soft drusen; retinal pigment epithelial changes; choroidal neovascularization (CNV); atrophy; and hypoautofluorescence and hyperautofluorescence were graded in the peripheral retina.Of the eyes examined, 81.1% had AMD-like changes in the macula alone (13.6%), periphery alone (10.1%), and both periphery and macula (57.4%). There was no AMD-like CNV or pigment epithelial detachment in the periphery except in those cases in which these clearly originated from the macula. Seven patients had AMD-like atrophy in the periphery without end-stage disease in the macula. One patient with end-stage disease in the macula had normal periphery results on the color images. While analyzing the eyes, we detected pathologic appearances that were very reliably identified by graders.Phenotyping the retinal periphery using the categories defined by the International Classification confirmed the presence of wide-ranging AMD-like pathologic changes even in those without central sight-threatening macular disease. Based on our observations, we propose here new, reliably identifiable grading categories that may be more suited for population-based UWFI.
THE EXTRACTION OF THE INTRACELLULAR TOXIN OF THE COLON BACILLUS.WITH A PRELIMINARY STATEMENT CONCERNING ITS PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
Authors: SYBIL MAY WHEELER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>INTRODUCTION.</h3> The large tanks for the growth of bacteria in mass in use for some years in the hygienic laboratory of the University of Michigan permit the collection of bacterial cell substance in large amount and thus afford opportunity for the study of cellular chemistry not obtainable in any other way. Already several researches along this line have been carried on in this laboratory, and recently Dr. Vaughan has published his theory of the composition of bacterial cells and the principles of immunity developed from these studies. It is the purpose of this paper to detail some of the work which has been done recently in the extraction of bacterial intracellular toxins, with special reference to the toxin of the colon bacillus, and to give some preliminary statements concerning its physical and chemical properties. The method for the extraction of the toxin has been followed repeatedly and with
Influence of CYP3A4 Inhibition on the Steady-State Pharmacokinetics of Imatinib
Authors: Nielka P. van Erp, Hans Gelderblom, Mats O. Karlsson, Jing Li, Ming Zhao, Jan Ouwerkerk, Johan W. Nortier, Henk-Jan Guchelaar, Sharyn D. Baker, Alex Sparreboom
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of ritonavir, a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of imatinib. Experimental Design: Imatinib pharmacokinetics were evaluated in cancer patients receiving the drug for at least 2 months, after which ritonavir (600 mg) was administered daily for 3 days. Samples were obtained on the day before ritonavir (day 1) and on the third day (day 4). The in vitro metabolism of imatinib with or without ritonavir and the effect of imatinib on 1-OH-midazolam formation rate, a probe for CYP3A4 activity, were evaluated with human CYP3A4 and pooled liver microsomes. Results: In 11 evaluable patients, the geometric mean (95% confidence interval) area under the curve of imatinib on days 1 and 4 were 42.6 (33.0-54.9) μg·h/mL and 41.2 (32.1-53.1) μg·h/mL, respectively (P = 0.65). A population analysis done in NONMEM with a time-dependent covariate confirmed that ritonavir did not influence the clearance or bioavailability of imatinib. In vitro, imatinib was metabolized to the active metabolite CGP74588 by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 and, to a lesser extent, by CYP2D6. Ritonavir (1 μmol/L) completely inhibited CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of imatinib to CGP74588 but inhibited metabolism in microsomes by only 50%. Imatinib significantly inhibited CYP3A4 activity in vitro. Conclusion: At steady state, imatinib is insensitive to potent CYP3A4 inhibition and relies on alternate elimination pathways. For agents with complex elimination pathways that involve autoinhibition, interaction studies that are done after a single dose may not be applicable when drugs are administered chronically.
Automated External Defibrillator Use by Police Responders
Authors: José A. Joglar, Richard L. Page
Journal: Circulation (2002)

udden cardiac death (SCD) remains a major public health problem.More than 250 000 deaths in the United States are attributed to SCD annually, and recent statistics demonstrate that in 1999, there were 341 780 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, accounting for 47% of all cardiac-related deaths. 1 Despite improvements in emergency systems across the country and advances in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the proportion of SCDs has increased 12% over the past decade, 2 making the development of better therapeutic approaches for of out-of-hospital arrest of primary concern.
Campylobacter pylori, gastritis, and peptic ulcer disease in central Africa.
Authors: D Rouvroy, J Bogaerts, O Nsengiumwa, M Omar, L Versailles, J Haot
Journal: BMJ (1987)

this region without a pre-existing pilonidal sinus.In other sites infection or inflammation related to trauma is associated with the presence of a bursa- for example, olecranon bursitis and the parapatellar bursitides-but there was no evidence in our cases of an adventitious bursa at operation.It would be interesting, however, to survey a sample of jazz ballet enthusiasts to see whether any have an uninfected bursa in this site.Cases like those reported here are worth recognising, because in the absence of an underlying sinus the prognosis for full recovery without recurrence must be much better.Patients who are predisposed to infection should perhaps be advised against those exercises that result in trauma to the sacrococcygeal region.
<sup>99m</sup> Tc-HL91
Authors: Robert D. Okada, Gerald Johnson, Kiem N. Nguyen, Zhonglin Liu, Barbara Edwards, Colin M. Archer, Timothy L. North, Adam C. King, James D. Kelly
Journal: Circulation (1998)

99mTc-HL91 is a new hypoxia imaging agent that demonstrates increased uptake and retention in globally hypoxic myocardium in vitro. The purpose of this study was to determine whether 99mTc-HL91 could detect regional ischemia in vivo by gamma camera imaging.Eight open-chest dogs with left circumflex (LCx) stenoses were studied. Injection of 5 mCi of 99mTc-HL91 and microspheres was followed by imaging over 4 hours. Heart slices were imaged, then stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), and tissues were well-counted. TTC staining demonstrated no injury. Mean LCx blood flow was 0.32+/-0.04 mL x min(-1) x g(-1), and mean left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) flow was 0.96+/-0.02 mL x min(-1) x g(-1) (ratio, 0.33). "Hot spots" were detected in 8 of 8 experiments in vivo within 60 minutes and improved over 4 hours. Region of interest analysis of LCx/LAD activity ratios demonstrated significant increases within 30 minutes (final ratio, 3.0; P<0.05). LCx and LAD washout curves demonstrated significant differences within 15 minutes. Washout curves were biexponential over 1 hour, followed by linear retention from 1 to 4 hours. Four-hour fractional retention was 0.12 for LAD and 0.44 for LCx (P<0.01). Myocardial flow versus tracer uptake demonstrated 2 phases: phase 1 (flow, 0.05 to 0.7 mL x min(-1) x g(-1)) had an inverse linear correlation (r= -0.80); phase 2, (flow, >0.7 mL x min(-1) x g(-1)) had no correlation. Ischemic heart/liver ratios remained near 1.0 for 4 hours.99mTc-HL91 positively identifies regional myocardial ischemia in a canine model using 99mTc imaging. Quantitative techniques allowed identification of ischemic myocardium within 15 minutes of tracer administration.