tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cytokine blockers in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: P J Mease
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

The cellular events underlying the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and psoriasis have not yet been fully elucidated. Nevertheless, some clues to these conditions are beginning to emerge. In particular, a growing body of data supports the role of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF), in the pathophysiology of PsA and psoriasis. Raised levels of these cytokines are found in the joints of patients with PsA, as well as in psoriatic skin lesions. Physiotherapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, corticosteroids, and disease modifying antirheumatic agents, such as methotrexate, are the most commonly used treatments for PsA. However, the data supporting the effectiveness of these treatments are limited, and disease resolution is usually incomplete. This study examined the effects of etanercept, a TNF inhibitor, in patients with PsA. Etanercept treatment was well tolerated and resulted in significant improvement in the signs and symptoms of PsA and in psoriatic skin lesions. Infliximab, another TNF inhibitor, has also been shown to be effective in patients with PsA. Such studies confirm the importance of proinflammatory cytokines in PsA, and hold out hope for patients who require new options for the treatment of their disease.
Abstract MP094: Projected Decline in the United States of Combined Heart Disease and Stroke Mortality below Cancer Mortality by the Year 2020
Authors: Stephen Sidney
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background / Objectives: Heart disease (HD) has been the leading cause of mortality in the United States since 1910 and stroke (STK) is the 4th leading cause. Data from 2009 shows that mortality from HD (179.8 / 100,000 [100K] person years [PY]) is slightly higher than cancer (CAN) mortality (173.6 / 100K PY) and that the gap between combined HD/STK and CAN mortality has narrowed considerably between 2000 (318.5 HD/STK, 199.6 CAN) and 2009 (218.7 HD/STK, 173.6 CAN). These rates are projected through 2020 to determine whether combined HD/STK mortality is likely to fall below cancer mortality overall and within major race-ethnicity groups. Methods: HD, STK, and CAN U.S. mortality rates were projected from 2009 to 2020 based on annualized rate of change in mortality from 2000-2009. Because published race-ethnicity specific rates were available only through 2007, 2020 rates were based on the annualized rates of change from 2000-2007. Rates are age-adjusted based on the 2000 US census and expressed per 100K PY. Results: HD mortality is likely to decline below CAN mortality by 2011 and in each race-ethnicity group by mid-decade. By 2020, combined HD/STK mortality is likely to be lower than CAN mortality in the U.S. population, declining to 138.3 for HD/STK and 144.5 for CAN (see figure), and in each race-ethnicity group except Blacks (BL). The rates in whites (WH), BL, Asians (AS), and Hispanics (HIS) are expected to decline as follows: WH decline from 228.3 HD/STK, 199.6 CAN in 2007 to 128.9 HD/STK, 145.8 CAN in 2020; BL 307.6 HD/STK, 215.5 CAN in 2007 to 183.4 HD/STK, 165.7 CAN; AS 135.5 HD/STK, 106.7 CAN in 2007 to 65.9 HD/STK, 83.1 CAN; and HIS 168.7 HD/STK, 116.2 CAN in 2007 to 86.6 HK/STK, 88.2 CAN. Conclusions: The decline of HD/STK below CAN mortality will represent a major milestone in public health, culminating a half century during which rates of HD/stroke have trended lower due to better primary and secondary prevention and improved medical care. However, we must address ongoing disparities associated with race-ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
Translation and preliminary validation of the KBILD QOL questionnaire to Spanish
Authors: Gianluca Cotta Ramusino, Irene Martin-Robles, Diego Castillo, Surinder Birring
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

AIM :  Translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Spanish of a validated and specific quality of life (QOL) questionnaire for ILD patients: the King9s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD).   METHODS:   Prospective study developed during 2013 in a tertiary hospital in Barcelona, Spain. 6 ILD patients accepted to participate. K-BILD contains 15 items in three domains. Forward translation is the first step: two bilingual translators, whose mother tongue is Spanish, produced two independent translations. Translator 1 is aware of the concepts examined in the questionnaire and Translator 2 has no medical background. Consensus version is the second step: it is produced after a meticulous analysis of the two translations. Afterward, two back translations are built independently by two English mother tongue translators. None is aware of the concept explored. After that, a cross-cultural analysis of the back translations versus the original questionnaire is done to minimize bias. Finally, an expert committee reviewed the final version to analyse the semantical, idiomatic and cultural equivalence between English and Spanish version of the questionnaire. The 6 patients completed the Final Spanish Version.   RESULTS:   There were the following minor problems:  - Item 5: Interpretation dilemma in 5 patients.  - Item 6 : the expression “down in the dumps” was complex to translate, in order to let patients understand.  - Item 7: 3 patients reported problems to answer because the term “air hunger” does not present an equivalent in Spanish.   CONCLUSION:   Our Spanish Version of the K-BILD questionnaire is understood by ILD patients. Future studies are required to complete the validation.
Investigation of the effect of histone deacetylase 2 function on Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Dai Takagi, Yuji Nakamaru, Satoshi Fukuda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Backgrounds:  It has been reported that anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) activate neutrophils result in induction of glomerulonephritis in Wegener9s Granulomatosis (WG) by released hydrogen peroxide.  Histone deacetylase (HDAC) deacetylates histone and deacetylation of histone associates with gene repression.  In this study, we investigated whether HDAC2 function decreased in WG patients, and effect of oxidative stress on function of HDAC2.   Patients and methods:  A549 cells (lung epithelial cells) were stimulated by H 2 O 2  to induce oxidative stress and expression of HDAC 2 and HDAC2 activity were measured.  Six patients of WG diagnosed according to American College of Rheumatology criteria were examined.  Fresh PBMCs were isolated from heparinized blood and then whole cell protein was prepared. Target proteins were detected by Western blot analysis. We also measured HDAC 2 activity on patients.   Results:  Treatment of A549 cells with H 2 O 2  did not suppress expression of HDAC2. However, treatment of H 2 O 2  significantly decreased total HDAC2 activity (p   We found that HDAC 2 activity was significantly decreased in WG patients compared with healthy subjects (HS), 75.5±7.4 Arbitral Units at HS, 35.2±12.3 AU at WG (p    Discussion:  These results suggest that function of HDAC 2 is reduced in WG and that this reduction affects inflammation and vasculitis of WG. Oxidative stress may worsen the disease via reduction of HDAC2 function. Thus, HDAC2 may serve therapeutic targets by modulating the function, which eventually regulates the development of WG.
Indications for Breast MRI in the Patient with Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer
Authors: Constance D. Lehman, Wendy DeMartini, Benjamin O. Anderson, Stephen B. Edge
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2009)

Use of breast MRI in the preoperative evaluation of patients recently diagnosed with breast cancer has increased significantly over the past 10 years because of its well-documented high sensitivity for detecting otherwise occult breast cancer in the affected and contralateral breasts. However, published research reports on the impact of this improved cancer detection are limited. Equally important are growing concerns that the quality of breast MRI may vary significantly across practice sites, and therefore the published value of MRI may not be achieved for many patients. This article describes the peer-reviewed, published clinical research trials evaluating breast MRI in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer on which the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) practice guidelines are based. The current NCCN guidelines recommend that breast MRI be considered for patients with a newly diagnosed breast cancer to evaluate the extent of ipsilateral disease and to screen the contralateral breast, particularly for women at increased risk for mammographically occult disease. In addition, the guidelines indicate that breast MRI may be used for patients with axillary nodal adenocarcinoma to identify the primary malignancy. The guidelines stress the importance of having proper equipment, imaging technique, and provider training necessary to achieve high-quality breast MRI, and emphasize that MRI practice sites should have the ability to perform MRI-guided biopsy or needle localization. In addition to describing the data regarding use of breast MRI in women with newly diagnosed cancer, this article provides recommendations for the performance of high-quality breast MRI and suggestions for future research.
Transmission of infectious diseases from internationally adopted children to their adoptive families
Authors: J. Sciauvaud, E. Rigal, J. Pascal, C. Nourrisson, P. Poirier, V. Poirier, M. Vidal, N. Mrozek, H. Laurichesse, J. Beytout, A. Labbe, O. Lesens
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Cost-effectiveness of isosulfan blue vs. methylene blue dye in sentinel node biopsy
Authors: H. T. Gold, H. T. Do, M. P. Osborne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

6103 Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a routinely-used staging procedure to identify axillary metastases in breast cancer patients. Typically in the United States, a radiolabeled colloid and blue dye are injected to identify the SLN. Controversy exists regarding which dye to use due to differences in efficacy, complication rates, and cost. Methods: We performed analyses using a computer simulation model that incorporated product costs, treatment and complication costs, and mortality to compare 2 strategies to localize the SLN: use of radiolabeled colloid in addition to 1) isosulfan blue dye (Lymphazurin) or 2) methylene blue dye. Outcomes included incremental costs and life expectancy in a hypothetical population of women diagnosed with Stage I breast cancer. Data were obtained from the literature; the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Public-Use Data; Medicare reimbursement rates; and an academic medical center pharmacy. Results: Methylene blue dye is dominant in that it costs less and yields the same life expectancy (19.0 yrs for 55yo women) as isosulfan blue. The incremental cost of isosulfan blue is $108.29/case (SD+/-$43.4). Results are sensitive to how well methylene blue localizes the SLN compared to isosulfan blue and rates of adverse events due to the dyes. For isosulfan blue to become the dominant strategy either it would have to be 1.47 times better at localizing the node, or methylene blue would have to have a complication rate 60.3 times greater than isosulfan blue. Conclusions: Assuming approximately 136,000 cases of Stage I breast cancer will be diagnosed in women in 2004 in the US, over $14.7 million dollars could be saved by using methylene blue instead of isosulfan blue if all cases undergo SLN biopsy. Including the 62,600 Stage II breast cancer patients potentially eligible for SLN biopsy would yield a total savings of $21.5 million. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Association of BK virus with failure of prophylaxis against hemorrhagic cystitis following bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: A Bedi, C B Miller, J L Hanson, S Goodman, R F Ambinder, P Charache, R R Arthur, R J Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been ascribed to cyclophosphamide metabolites. HC has also been associated with excretion of the BK type of polyomavirus. The relative contributions of cyclophosphamide metabolites and BK virus in the development of HC following BMT are unknown.We conducted a randomized trial to compare mesna with forced diuresis for prophylaxis against HC in 147 BMT recipients. We studied the association of BK virus with HC in 95 consecutive BMT recipients by prospectively monitoring urinary excretion of BK virus using polymerase chain reaction amplification of viral gene sequences.HC occurred in 37 of 147 (25.2%) transplant recipients. The incidence of HC was similar in patients given mesna (26.8%, 19 of 71) or forced diuresis (23.7%, 18 of 76), and in recipients of allogeneic (27.2%, 18 of 64) or autologous marrow (22.9%, 19 of 83). The incidence of HC was unrelated to primary disease, preparative regimen, or occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Excretion of BK virus was demonstrated in 50 of 95 patients (52.6%); 38 patients (40%) had persistent BK viruria (> or = two consecutive positive samples). HC occurred in 19 of 38 patients (50%) with persistent BK viruria, in one of 12 (8.3%) with only a single urine sample positive for BK virus, and in none of 45 who did not excrete BK virus (P < .0001). Shedding of BK virus also had a strong temporal correlation with onset of HC (r = .95).Mesna and forced diuresis are equally effective in abrogating the urothelial toxicity of preparative regimens for BMT. Since HC after BMT is virtually always associated with persistent BK viruria, strategies aimed at the prevention or elimination of viruria in BK seropositive recipients are warranted.
NABTT-0702: A phase II study of R-(-)-gossypol (AT-101) in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
Authors: J. B. Fiveash, S. A. Chowdhary, D. Peereboom, T. Mikkelsen, L. B. Nabors, G. J. Lesser, M. R. Rosenfeld, X. Ye, S. A. Grossman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

2010 Background: R-(-)-gossypol (AT-101) is an oral bcl-2 family protein inhibitor (Bcl-2, Bcl-X L , Mcl-1, Bcl-W) and potent inducer of proapoptotic proteins. A prior study of racemic gossypol demonstrated objective responses in patients with malignant glioma. The objectives of this trial were to determine the efficacy and safety of the more active (-) enantiomer of gossypol (AT-101) in patients with recurrent GBM. Methods: Fifty-six patients with recurrent GBM were enrolled in this multi-institution phase II clinical trial through the NABTT CNS consortium designed to detect a 33% increase in overall survival (OS, primary endpoint) from 5 to 6.65 months with Power/Alpha 80%/0.01. All patients had received prior radiation and none had received more than two prior treatments. Patients taking P450-inducing anticonvulsants were not eligible. AT-101 was administered at 20 mg PO per day for 21 of 28 days in repeated cycles. Radiographic assessment of tumor response was made at q 8-week intervals. Results: Fifty-six patients were enrolled with a median age of 59 (range 34–79) and KPS of 80 (range 60–100). Grade 3 or greater adverse events possibly or probably related to AT-101 included fatigue (n = 2), ileus (n = 1), elevated cardiac troponin T levels (n = 1), elevated GGT (n = 1), and thrombocytopenia (n = 1). Response data is available for 43 patients. OS determination is ongoing. Seven patients (16%) had stable disease as the best response. One partial response (centrally reviewed) was observed. No complete responses were observed. Although treatment is ongoing, two patients are without progression after more than 7 months of therapy. Conclusions: AT-101 is well tolerated and without unique toxicities in patients with recurrent GBM. Further follow-up will determine the impact of AT-101 on OS and whether any tissue correlate is predictive of efficacy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Mitral Valvotomy
Authors: K. Fraser, I. F. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1961)

STAPHYLOCOCCAL SEPTICAEMIA BDIIJSHRNL 339 cases.It is quite likely, of course, that patients may have been appropriately treated before blood cultures could become positive or the septicaemia become florid.But series which have been compiled on clinical data only may well be incomplete.Summary Forty-nine cases of staphylococcal septicaemia, which Occurred during a period of nine years in a 360-bed hospital, are described.Forty cases were fatal.Necropsy evidence must be sought when the incidence is being assessed.Septicaemia developed after hospital admission in 16 patients, only one of whom recovered.Surgery and steroid therapy were the two most important factors.Atteition is drawn to the frequency with which renal insufficiency may occur.A study of the mortality trends suggests that staphylococcal septicaemia, especially when contracted subsequent to hospital admission, has become or is becoming as lethal a hazard as it was prior to the advent of antibiotics.Some of this work was included in a thesis for the M.D. of the University of Edinburgh, and I thank the Dean cf the Faculty of Medicine for permission to publish.I
In Silico Cardiac Risk Assessment in Patients With Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Ryan Hoefen, Matthias Reumann, Ilan Goldenberg, Arthur J. Moss, Jin O-Uchi, Yiping Gu, Scott McNitt, Wojciech Zareba, Christian Jons, Jorgen K. Kanters, Pyotr G. Platonov, Wataru Shimizu, Arthur A.M. Wilde, John Jeremy Rice, Coeli M. Lopes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 2565: High Serum Level of Pentosidine, an Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE), is a Risk Factor of Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Yo Koyama, Yasuchika Takeishi, Takanori Arimoto, Takeshi Niizeki, Isao Kubota
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Pentosidine, one of the advanced glycation end products (AGE), is generated by nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins. The receptor for AGE (RAGE) is expressed in a variety of...
Maintenance chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer: long-term results of a randomized trial. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lung Cancer Cooperative Group.
Authors: G Giaccone, O Dalesio, G J McVie, A Kirkpatrick, P E Postmus, J T Burghouts, W Bakker, M G Koolen, C P Vendrik, K J Roozendaal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE The present study investigates the role of short chemotherapy (five cycles) versus prolonged (12 cycles) chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Six hundred eighty-seven patients with SCLC were registered in a multicenter study to receive five cycles of chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide 1 g/m2 on day 1, doxorubicin 45 mg/m2 on day 1, and etoposide 100 mg/m2 on days 1, 3 and 5 (CDE), every 3 weeks. Four hundred thirty-four nonprogressing patients after five cycles of chemotherapy were randomized either to receive seven further cycles of the same chemotherapy or to follow-up. RESULTS The response rate of 585 assessable patients was 79%, with 36% attaining a complete response. Toxicity was mainly hematologic, with 16 toxic deaths (2.4% of all eligible patients), 13 of which were due to sepsis. Median survival time from registration of all patients was 326 days (396 and 267 days for limited and extensive disease, respectively) with 3.2% of patients alive at 5 years. No difference in survival between the two arms was observed, with the same number of 5-year survivors in both arms. The patients randomized to the maintenance arm had a progression-free survival (PFS) duration approximately 2 months longer than the patients randomized to follow-up (median of 177 days v 114 days from randomization; P = .0004). Among patients with a partial response who were randomized to receive maintenance chemotherapy, 12 achieved a complete response after 12 cycles. More patients in the follow-up arm than in the maintenance arm received subsequent treatment on progression and responded more frequently to that treatment. Twelve patients developed second malignancies (seven non-small-cell lung cancers). CONCLUSION Prolonged chemotherapy does not offer a better chance of cure than short chemotherapy (five cycles) and does not prolong survival in patients with SCLC. Short, combination chemotherapy appears to be a reasonable choice for standard treatment of SCLC and for attempts to improve the cure rate of this disease.
Some Aspects of the Role of Vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; in Nucleic Acid Synthesis in a Neoplastic C3H Mouse Cell Strain. I. Growth Studies
Authors: Floyd M. Price, Jean Rotherham, Virginia J. Evans
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Which of certain selected nucleic acid precursors were required to sustain continuous proliferation of the neoplastic C3H mouse cell strain, NCTC 3681, was found to be related as follows to the vitamin B12 and folate supplementation of the medium. In protein-free medium containing B12 and 0.25 μg/ml (5.7 × 10−7M) of folate, 3681 cells proliferated continuously in the absence of added purines and pyrimidines or their nucleosides. However, when the folate content of medium that contained B12 was dropped to 10% of this value and other components were kept at the same level, it became necessary to add thymidine or deoxycytidine. If B12 was omitted from the “low” folate medium there was an additional requirement for adenine, deoxyadenosine, or deoxyguanosine. When B12 was left out of the “high” folate medium, thymidine and deoxyadenosine were again required, but the thymidine could then be replaced by deoxycytidine, cytidine, uridine, or deoxyuridine. With thymidine, the deoxyadenosine could be replaced by adenosine, adenine, or guanine. With cytidine or uridine, the deoxyadenosine could be replaced by adenine.
Abstract 13707: Sodium Channel Blockers Prevent Triggered Activity but Not Abnormal Ca2+ Release in a Knock-in Mouse Model With Ryanodine Receptor Mutation R4496C
Authors: Nian Liu, Marco Denegri, Yanfei Ruan, Tiziana Bachetti, Morena Seregni, Carlo Napolitano, Silvia G Priori
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited disease characterized by adrenergically mediated polymorphic VT leading to syncope and sudden cardiac death. The present...
Adherence to oral tamoxifen: a comparison of patient self-report, pill counts, and microelectronic monitoring.
Authors: D M Waterhouse, K A Calzone, C Mele, D E Brenner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE Recent innovations allow the integration of microelectronics into drug packaging, providing a continuous record of the interactions of the patient with the drug package. We hypothesized that adherence to oral tamoxifen, as measured by a pressure-activated microelectronic monitoring device, would be significantly discrepant from traditional measures of patient adherence, ie, patient self-report (SR) and pill counts (PCs). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-six patients receiving oral tamoxifen therapy were assessed by patient SR, PCs, and Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS; Aprex Corp, Fremont, CA) microelectronic monitoring. A microprocessor in the MEMS cap recorded each opening as a presumptive dose, listing the date, time, and duration of opening for later retrieval on a microcomputer. Patients were not informed that their adherence was to be monitored electronically or that PCs would be performed. RESULTS A total of 2,102 days (70.1 months) of tamoxifen therapy were monitored; patients were monitored for a mean of 2.92 months of tamoxifen therapy. SR adherence to oral tamoxifen was significantly higher than that suggested by either PCs (SR missed doses only v PC, P = .008) or MEMS adherence monitoring (SR missed doses only v MEMS missed doses only, P = .005; SR dosing-interval errors only v MEMS dosing-interval errors only, P &lt; .0001; SR all dosing errors v MEMS all dosing errors, P &lt; .0005). PC data also suggested significantly higher adherence rates than MEMS monitoring. CONCLUSION Microelectronic adherence monitoring provides both confirmatory and complimentary data regarding adherence behavior, while also allowing for the evaluation of patterns of nonadherence. Patient SRs and PCs likely overestimate the degree to which patients adhere to their tamoxifen regimen.