tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Tumors and Common Diseases in Three Types of Hamsters2
Authors: Parviz Pour, Jürgen Althoff, Shahrokh Z. Salmasi, Katherine Stepan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Hamsters of three types designated as inbred cream (Epp/e/e), linebred white (EPP/cdcd/RB/A), and linebred albino (EPP/cdcde/e) were thoroughly examined histopathologically for spontaneous diseases. All hamsters were maintained simultaneously for life under identical standard laboratory conditions. Marked differences were found in longevity of the animals and in incidences, sites, patterns, and types of spontaneous diseases. In cream hamsters (CH), survival time was shorter than in white hamsters (WH) and albino hamsters (AH). More tumors and malignant lesions unrelated to survival were found in AH compared to CH and WH; also, the multiplicity of neoplasms was more pronounced in AH. The predominating tumor types differed in each line: Pancreatic islet cell neoplasms were most common in CH, adrenal gland tumors predominated in WH, and thyroid gland tumors in AH. Also, the relative incidence of spontaneous tumors varied among the lines. Some tumors seemed strain-specific and were not seen in other lines; malignant melanomas, for example, occurred only in CH and WH. Certain neoplasms, e.g., those of the thyroid and adrenal glands, were found more often in one sex than the other. The three hamster groups differed also in nonneoplastic diseases. Detailed histopathologic findings are presented and compared with data on the Syrian golden hamster, the ancestral line of these three groups.
Action of Intensive Cigarette Smoke Inhalations on the Rat Lung. Role of Particulate and Gaseous Cofactors2
Authors: L. Le Bouffant, J. C. Martin, H. Daniel, J. P. Henin, C. Normand
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Action of Intensive Cigarette Smoke Inhalations on the Rat Lung. Role of Particulate and Gaseous Cofactors Get access L. Le Bouffant, L. Le Bouffant 3Centre d'Etudes et Recherches des Charbonnages de France, BP No. 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. C. Martin, J. C. Martin 3Centre d'Etudes et Recherches des Charbonnages de France, BP No. 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Daniel, H. Daniel 3Centre d'Etudes et Recherches des Charbonnages de France, BP No. 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. P. Henin, J. P. Henin 3Centre d'Etudes et Recherches des Charbonnages de France, BP No. 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. Normand C. Normand 3Centre d'Etudes et Recherches des Charbonnages de France, BP No. 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 64, Issue 2, February 1980, Pages 273–284, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/64.2.273 Published: 01 February 1980 Article history Received: 12 July 1978 Revision received: 12 June 1979 Accepted: 30 June 1979 Published: 01 February 1980
The Costs of Drugs Used to Treat Myelodysplastic Syndromes Following National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines
Authors: Peter L. Greenberg, Leon E. Cosler, Salvatore A. Ferro, Gary H. Lyman
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2008)

Guidelines for management of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have been generated by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Myelodysplastic Syndromes Panel. Because MDS is a heterogeneous spectrum of disorders, these patients have been categorized into prognostic subgroups, predominantly using the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). Several drugs have been used to treat these patients, and their selection and sequential recommended use by the panel depend on disease characteristics and responses to treatment. Recombinant erythropoietin alfa and darbepoetin alfa have been the mainstay of therapy for treating anemia associated with MDS. The FDA has recently approved several other drugs for treating MDS, including azacytidine and decitabine for all stages of disease, lenalidomide for low-risk anemic patients with del(5q) chromosomal abnormality, and deferasirox for treating iron overload. For iron chelation, deferoxamine is also used occasionally. Treatment with immunosuppressive therapy (antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin) has been therapeutically beneficial for a subset of younger patients with MDS. Because the financial cost of these therapies are substantial and have received only limited attention, this article evaluates the costs of specific drugs and their sequential use in the lower-risk IPSS (low and intermediate-1) subgroups based on the NCCN guidelines. Results estimate an average annual cost for potentially anemia-altering drugs of $63,577 per patient, ranging from $26,000 to $95,000, depending on the specific therapies. In patients for whom the therapies fail, annual costs for iron chelation plus red blood cell transfusions are estimated to average $41,412. The economic impact of drug therapy should be weighed against the patient's potential for improvement in clinical outcomes, quality of life, and transfusion requirements.
Correlation between reduced in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding and severity of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia [published erratum appears in Am J Psychiatry 1997 May;154(5):722]
Authors: G F Busatto, L S Pilowsky, D C Costa, P J Ell, A S David, J V Lucey, R W Kerwin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Although there is evidence from postmortem studies suggestive of deficient inhibitory neurotransmission of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in schizophrenia, no direct in vivo evidence has been obtained to date. The authors used single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with iodine-123-labeled iomazenil ([123I]iomazenil), a radioligand that selectively binds with high affinity to the benzodiazepine subunit of the GABAA receptor complex in the human brain, to investigate the presence of benzodiazepine receptor abnormalities in the cerebral cortex of living subjects with schizophrenia.Dynamic [123I]iomazenil SPECT was performed in 15 patients (14 patients with DSM-III-R schizophrenia and one with schizophreniform disorder) and 12 healthy subjects over a period of 2 hours. The time-integral method was used to generate ratios of "specific" to "nonspecific" [123I]iomazenil binding at equilibrium for several cortical regions.No overall between-group differences in benzodiazepine receptor binding were found, but significant correlations emerged between the severity of schizophrenic symptoms and [123I]iomazenil binding in limbic cortical regions: positive symptom scores were negatively correlated with benzodiazepine receptor binding in the left medial temporal region, and negative symptoms were inversely related to receptor binding in the medial frontal region. These correlations were not significant when a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied.These preliminary results are consistent with previous research implicating limbic cortical regions in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, suggesting that reduced inhibitory GABAergic tone in these areas may contribute to the appearance of schizophrenic symptoms.
CURRENT CONCEPTS IN CANCER
Authors: F L HORSFALL
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The ups and downs of negative (and positive) selection of B cells
Authors: Jean-Claude Weill, Claude-Agnès Reynaud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Central and peripheral tolerance checkpoints are in place to remove autoreactive B cell populations and prevent the development of autoimmunity. In this issue of the JCI, Pala and colleagues reveal that individuals with the X-linked immunodeficiency Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) have opposite alterations at central and peripheral B cell checkpoints: a more stringent selection for central tolerance, resulting in reduced numbers of autoreactive cells at the emergent immature B cell stage, and a relaxed selection for peripheral tolerance, resulting in an increased frequency of autoreactive cells in the mature naive B cell compartment. Moreover, reinstatement of the WAS gene in these patients restored both B cell tolerance checkpoints. These results suggest that, in a normal situation, mature naive B cells undergo a positive selection step driven by self-antigens, kept in control by Tregs.
Ribavirin improves the IFN-γ response of natural killer cells to IFN-based therapy of hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Jens M. Werner, Elisavet Serti, Xenia Chepa-Lotrea, Jonathan Stoltzfus, Golo Ahlenstiel, Mazen Noureddin, Jordan J. Feld, Jake T. Liang, Yaron Rotman, Barbara Rehermann
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Ribavirin (RBV) is an important component of interferon (IFN)-based and direct antiviral treatment regimens for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Immunomodulation, in particular improvement of the host IFN response, has been proposed as RBV's mechanism of action. Natural killer (NK) cells are sensitive biomarkers for IFN-α/β receptor signaling, as NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production are regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1- and STAT4-phosphorylation, respectively. Specifically, pSTAT1-dependent NK cell cytotoxicity increases and pSTAT4-dependent IFN-γ production decreases in response to endogenous, virus-induced IFN-α and during IFN-α-based therapy. To assess whether RBV has a direct effect on NK cells and/or improves the IFN-γ response of NK cells in the presence of IFN-α, we prospectively studied 22 HCV patients with and 32 patients without 4 weeks of RBV pretreatment, who all received subsequent pegylated (Peg)IFN/ribavirin combination therapy. During RBV pretreatment, both the frequency of CD56 dim NK cells with cytotoxic effector functions and the frequency of CD56 bright NK cells with the capacity to produce IFN-γ decreased ( P = 0.049 and P = 0.001, respectively). In vitro or in vivo exposure of NK cells to RBV improved the pSTAT4 ( P &lt; 0.01) but not pSTAT1 response of NK cells to subsequent stimulation with IFN-α. This was associated with an increase in IFN-γ production but not cytotoxicity of NK cells during subsequent IFN-α-based therapy. The frequency of IFN-γ-producing NK cells was greater in fast second-phase virological responders than in slow responders. Conclusion : RBV enhances the pSTAT4 and IFN-γ response of NK cells to IFN-α-stimulation. (Hepatology 2014;60:1160–1169)
ROG negatively regulating the expression of T cell cytokines through modulation on ICOS
Authors: Yuan-Sheng Zang, Yong-An Liu, Zheng Fang, Bing Li, Qing-Yu Xiu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background.  ROG, can simultaneously suppress expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Since suppression of Th2 cytokines by ROG via suppression of GATA-3 is well understood, it is postulated that there are other molecular targets of ROG that can suppress expression of the Th1 cytokines. Based on the current theory, we hypothesized that ROG might suppress CD3, CD28, or ICOS, which can up-regulate the expression of T lymphocyte cytokines, or indirectly stimulate the expression of CTLA-4 or CD45, which can down-regulate the expression of T lymphocyte cytokines.  Methods.  Real-time quantitative PCR and Western Blot were performed to evaluate the mRNA and protein levels of CD3, CD28, ICOS, CTLA-4, and CD45 in Th1 and Th2 cells under various levels of ROG expression. ELISA was performed to measure the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in culture media of Th1 and Th2 cells.  Results.  The mRNA and protein levels of ROG were relatively low in Th1 and Th2 cells ( P  P  P >0.05).  Conclusions  ROG can inhibit the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines by down-regulating the expression of ICOS, which could be a petential regulating target for asthma treatment.
Cancer chemotherapy and body surface area.
Authors: D Pinkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.11.3714 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9817294 Cancer chemotherapy and body surface area. D PinkelxD PinkelSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.11.3714 PDF "Cancer chemotherapy and body surface area.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16(11), pp. 3714–3715© 1998 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Comparison of different vasodilators in a model of secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH): Desaturation effects
Authors: Eva Maria Becker, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Martin Bechem, Raimund Kast, Hubert Truebel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Approved therapies for arterial PH when applied in secondary forms can cause desaturation. Therefore we established an animal model to evaluate PH-therapeutics under experimental conditions of heterogeneous lung injury in respect to oxygenation.  Single-lung ventilation was induced in minipigs (4-5 kg BW). Hemodynamics (e.g. mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), blood pressure (BP)) and arterial hemoglobin saturation (SaO2) were monitored. We compared 5 groups (n=6 each): vehicle control, the endothelin antagonist bosentan, the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil, and the sGC stimulators BAY 41-8543 and riociguat. Cumulative doses were applied before successive unilateral ventilation, chosen to achieve equal BP reduction. Effects on desaturation (area under the SaO2 curve, AUCSaO2) and mPAP during single-lung ventilation were compared to vehicle.  Single-lung ventilation resulted in transient increases in mPAP and desaturation. The vasodilators were compared in respect to their ability to decrease mPAP and the unwanted increase in AUCSaO2. All drugs dose-dependently decreased mPAP (Fig. 1) and increased AUCSaO2. Maximal changes in both parameters are shown in Fig. 2 (mean±SEM, n=6).  The sGC stimulators and bosentan effectively reduced mPAP; the sGC stimulators caused less desaturation. Future investigations will have to confirm these findings in patients.
Intraoperative radiotherapy in previously augmented patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Authors: Dennis R. Holmes, Bernard S. Lewinsky, Afshin Rashtian, William J. Robertello, Ronald J. Rivera, Karen Feiler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

186 Background: Breast conservation therapy (BCT) is the preferred treatment for early stage breast cancer (ESBC), providing equivalent survival to mastectomy with improved quality of life (QOL). Nevertheless, previously augmented women (PAW) with ESBC are often denied access to BCT due to potential complications arising from capsular contracture from exposure to whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT). Instead of BCT, PAW are commonly advised to undergo total, skin-sparing, or nipple-sparing mastectomy with or without breast reconstruction to eliminate the need for WBRT. These more extensive procedures alter the form and function of the breast, increase the risk of perioperative morbidity, prolong postoperative recovery, and add incremental costs. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) emerged as a strategy for delivering breast radiotherapy that preserves the option of BCT in PAW with ESBC. IORT confines the effects of radiotherapy to the quadrant of the breast and to the portion of the prosthesis in proximity to the cancer. Since IORT is administered at the time of BCT, it permits insertion of a radiation barrier to further shield the prosthesis from effects of radiotherapy. Methods: We present several examples of PAW who underwent BCT combined with IORT for the treatment of ESBC. Results: Four women with an average age of 51.8 years (range: 47-57) were treated with BCT and IORT for ESBC using the Intrabeam System (Carl Zeiss-Meditec, Inc., Oberkochen, GE). All women had either saline (SA), silicone (SI), or combination retropectoral implants (RP). All pathological margins were clear and IORT was administered without complications. Average follow-up was 26 months (range: 1-72 months). None experienced a recurrence and breast cosmesis was acceptable in all women. Conclusions: IORT preserves the option of BCT in PAW by reducing the impact of radiotherapy on the breast. This radiotherapy approach eliminates the physical burden, impact on QOL, and cost of more extensive breast procedures. Consequently, IORT should be considered a preferred treatment for PAW facing a diagnosis of ESBC. [Table: see text]
Perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals on the impact of telemedicine on hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A nested qualitative study
Authors: Peter Fairbrother, Hilary Pinnock, Janet Hanley, Lucy McCloughan, Allison Todd, Brian McKinstry
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Early identification of exacerbations in COPD reduces hospital admission and may slow disease progression. There is increasing interest in telemedicine to support timely self-management of exacerbations. The TELESCOT randomised control trial based in Lothian, Scotland, is investigating the impact of a tele-monitoring service for COPD.   Aims:  To explore the views of patients and professionals participating in the trial about the impact of telemetry on hospital admissions.   Method:  We undertook semi structured interviews with patient and professional participants at different time points in the TELESCOT COPD trial. Transcribed, coded data was analysed thematically. Interpretation was supported by multidisciplinary discussion.   Findings:  38 patients (47% male, mean age 67.5 years) and 32 professionals provided 70 interviews. Both patients and professionals considered that home tele-monitoring reduced the risk of hospital admission. Patients used teledata to determine their state of health and to validate their decision to contact healthcare professionals earlier in order to prevent admission. Professionals emphasised the role of telemetry in encouraging compliance and facilitating patient self management as a means of reducing admissions, though they also expressed concern that telemonitoring may increase patient dependence on services. The impact on the cost of services was a concern.   Conclusions:  Enthusiasm for tele-monitoring as a means of reducing admissions is tempered by concerns about increased demand on support services.  Funding: Chief Scientists Office, Scottish Government.
The effects of hypoxia on the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells
Authors: Yao-Ling Lee, Wer-Erh Cheng, Shuo-Chueh Chen, Chih-yu Chen, Chuen-Ming Shih
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Backgrounds:  Oxygen deprivation leading to hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) are the enzymes which have the potential in migration and invasion of cancer cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression ofMMP-2, and MMP-9 under hypoxia effect in human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell (A549).   Materials and Methods : A549 cell was treated with CoCl 2  to induce hypoxia. The effect of hypoxia-induction on cell motility was detected by wound healing assays. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to evaluate the expression of mRNA and proteins   Results:  CoCl 2  can induce A549 into hypoxia state in atime-dependent and dose-dependent manner. We observed that cell proliferation and migration were up-regulated under hypoxia state. Exposure to hypoxia increased the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1alpha, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in A549.   Conclusion:  These data suggest that the survival rate of A549 will be stimulated under hypoxic condition. Hypoxia also leads to increased expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and HIF-1alpha. These two surface molecules may play some important mechanism in cancer cell under hypoxia.
UFT/LV combination based regimens with oxaliplatin or irinotecan as first line treatment for patients (pts) with non resectable metastatic colorectal cancer(MCRC): Results of two multicentric phase II trials
Authors: J.-Y. Douillard, J. Bennouna, P. Artru, H. Perrier, B. Paillot, F. Husseini, F. Priou, K. Imadalou, J. P. Delord, R. Bugat
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3545 Background: UFT/LV has demonstrated comparable efficacy to 5-FU/LV iv regimens with clinical safety advantages [Douillard, Carmichael JCO 2002]. 5-FU based regimens containing irinotecan or oxaliplatin are the standard of care for pts with first line MCRC [Douillard, lancet 2000, de Gramont JCO 2000]. UFT/LV is an orally available treatment, and is a potentially valuable alternative to infusional regimens. Based on these results, we conducted two phase II trials of UFT/LV in combination with oxaliplatin and irinotecan. Methods: Eligibility criteria were similar in both studies. Pts with measurable non-resectable MCRC were included to evaluate efficacy (Objective Responses Rate) and safety of UFT/LV when combined with oxaliplatin (Tegafox trial) and irinotecan (Tegafiri trial) as first line treatment of MCRC. UFT was administered at 300 mg/m2/day d1–14, LV 90 mg/day d1–14 with oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2/day d1 every 3 wks and at 250 mg/m2/day d1–14, LV 90 mg/day d1–14 with irinotecan 250 mg/m2 d1 every 3 wks. Results: A total of 64 and 56 pts were enrolled in Tegafox and Tegafiri, respectively. Patients characteristics: Tegafox: median age: 68 y (range: 38–82); ECOG PS 0/1(%): 63/37; colon 77%, rectum 23%; liver metastasis: 65%; prior (neo)adjuvant CT: 27%. Tegafiri: median age: 66 y (range : 42–88); ECOG PS 0,1(%): 57/41; colon 68%, rectum 30%; liver metastasis: 50%; prior (neo)adjuvant CT: 27%. Safety and efficacy results as follows: Median survival not reached yet for both studies. Conclusion: Oxaliplatin and irinotecan can be safely associated with UFT/LV. Both regimens should be compared with its equivalent infusional regimens in phase III trials. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.