tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>APOE</i> ε4 Status and Traumatic Brain Injury on the Gridiron or the Battlefield
Authors: Sam Gandy, Steven T. DeKosky
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

APOE ε4 carriers who experience traumatic brain injury are likely to have an increased risk of dementia, raising the question of whether APOE genotyping should be required for high school athletes or for prospective military personnel.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided rescue of an uncovered self-expanding metallic stent causing biliary obstruction
Authors: A. Larghi, I. Waxman
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Removal of a malpositioned uncovered Wallstent (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) can be extremely difficult, time-consuming, and associated with the occurrence of complications [1]. Stent extraction using standard polypectomy snare or rat-tooth forceps is often unsuccessful [1]. Alternatively stent removal can be accomplished by piecemeal extraction of individual stent filaments [1] [2] [3] [4]. We present a case in which drainage of the biliary system, obstructed by a Wallstent wedged to the hilum, was achieved by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided puncture of the left intrahepatic bile duct followed by rendezvous endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC).
The problem of remaining upright
Authors: P. Kroker
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Bipedal gait and purposeful movement are astounding abilities of humans The integration of spatial position, stability of balance, and locomotion is complex and the physiology is still poorly understood Despite considerable efforts biotechnology is unable to mimic human gait in technical models. 

Human anatomy successfully defies the central principles of mechanical engineering. In most manufactured devices, such as cars and ships, the bulk of weight is concentrated in the lowermost part to achieve maximum stability. Classic examples are the pendulum of a clock or the lead loaded keel of boats—a sudden lateral thrust causes oscillations with little displacement, and the force energy dissipates in friction; the structure swings eventually back into its original position. The mechanics of human anatomy violate this principle.1 In humans the bulk of weight is in the proximal parts of the limbs and trunk: in engineering terms the body consists of a series of inverted pendulums, and its mathematical simulation requires complex algorithms calculated by main frame computers. Such a structure is inherently unstable and prone to falls. The success of the human species with such an “engineering handicap” seems surprising at first, but there are important advantages in bipedal locomotion.2 It allows quick positional changes in all directions and rapid acceleration and deceleration in emergencies, it offers a good view of the surrounding environment and, probably most importantly, it minimises the energy expenditure of movement—brisk walking or jogging consumes only about 0.025 megajoules (6 kilocalories) per minute. These characteristics confer considerable survival advantages in biological selection, and they compensate well for postural instability. Some researchers even regard human gait as an important prerequisite for intellectual development …
Was the paper I wrote a fraud?
Authors: C. Bowie
Journal: BMJ (1998)

See retraction box p 1700

The sad thing is, it was a good paper about people with severe physical disability and how a coordinated approach can successfully meet their needs ( BMJ 1993;306:95–8). One professor called it seminal. It was used as an empirical base to promote community care. I trumpeted the findings with gusto. But it has had to be retracted (retraction box p 1700) because my coauthor was struck off the medical register for research fraud and I am unable to vouch for the probity of the data used (28 February, p 647). It has been an unedifying experience putting my own scientific credentials into question.

Mark was a registrar and senior registrar in my department in Somerset when the survey was done in 1989. He was a reliable trainee and became a trusted friend and colleague. He was on the way to becoming accredited as a public health physician and was appointed lecturer and later senior lecturer at our local university department of social medicine. He was a success.

The survey was commissioned and designed jointly by our social services department and us. It was carried out in house. One hundred and eighty one severely disabled adults were interviewed in 1989 and underwent physical assessment. Mark supposedly carried …
Immunoglobulin gene repertoire in ocular adnexal lymphomas: hints on the nature of the antigenic stimulation
Authors: A Dagklis, M Ponzoni, S Govi, M G Cangi, E Pasini, F Charlotte, A Vino, C Doglioni, F Davì, I S Lossos, I Ntountas, T Papadaki, R Dolcetti, A J M Ferreri, K Stamatopoulos, P Ghia
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Risk of benzene-induced leukemia predicted from the Pliofilm cohort.
Authors: K S Crump
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This report updates the risk assessment by Crump and Allen for benzene-induced leukemia that was based on a cohort exposed to benzene in the manufacture of Pliofilm. The present study derives new risk estimates using data from follow-up through 1987 (whereas the earlier assessment only had follow-up available through 1978) and uses new exposure information for this cohort developed by Paustenbach et al. that accounts for a number of factors that were unknown or not fully evaluated in earlier exposure assessments. There was a significant excess of acute myelocytic or acute monocytic leukemia (AMML) (8-10 observed, 1.61 expected) in this cohort, and this end point also exhibited a strong dose-response trend. No other types of lymphatic or hematopoietic cancer were clearly linked to benzene exposure. Quantitative risk estimates were robust with respect to whether AMML or all leukemia was being modeled. They were also robust with respect whether the Paustenbach et al. or Crump and Allen exposure estimates were used (differences in risk estimates of no greater than 2-fold) as long as linear dose-response models were applied. However, whereas the Crump and Allen exposures predicted a linear dose response, the Paustenbach et al. exposures predicted a quadratic dose response. This departure from linearity was borderline significant (p = 0.08). Estimates of additional lifetime from 45 years of occupational exposure (lifetime exposure) to 1 ppm derived using he Paustenbach et al. exposure matrix and best-fitting (quadratic) models ranged from 0.020 to 0.036 per thousand, whereas corresponding estimates based on a linear dose response ranged from 1.6 to 3.1 per thousand.
LONG-TERM SAFETY AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF THE COHEREX WAVECRESTTM LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE OCCLUDER IN A CANINE MODEL
Authors: Yanping Cheng, Jennifer McGregor, Daryl Edmiston, Robert Sommer, William Gray, Geng-Hua Yi, Gerard Conditt, Serge Rousselle, Juan Granada, Greg Kaluza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Small bowel in typhoid fever
Authors: H. K. Chuttani, K. Jain, R. C. Misra
Journal: Gut (1971)

Twenty-eight patients with typhoid fever and one patient with paratyphoid fever were subjected to intestinal function tests (faecal fat and D-xylose) and jejunal biopsy soon after recovery from the acute phase of the disease in order to assess the residual functional and morphological status of the small bowel. The results indicate that almost 50% (14/29) initially had defective D-xylose absorption which recovered rapidly. No patient had steatorrhoea. Jejunal biopsies of eight patients out of 22 showed increased chronic cell infiltration; there was, however, no specific lesion. It appears that intestinal injury following salmonellosis results only in mild functional derangement of the bowel which recovers rapidly.
Intravenous Regional Analgesia
Authors: R. L. Hargrove, J. R. Hoyle, J. B. R. Parker, A. H. Beckett, R. N. Boys
Journal: BMJ (1965)

or had become depressed as a result of the demecolcine or the radiotherapy, or a combination of both.Further patients with this condition on treatment here by radio- therapy are having platelet counts under- taken, though formerly this was not routine practice during palliative radiotherapy at low daily doses.We would be interested in any comments on these findings, but would suggest that if demecolcine plus radiotherapy is undertaken for superior mediastinal obstruction careful check should be kept on platelets as well as white blood count.
Induction and Exhaustion of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus–specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Visualized Using Soluble Tetrameric Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I–Peptide Complexes
Authors: Awen Gallimore, Ann Glithero, Andrew Godkin, Alain C. Tissot, Andreas Plückthun, Tim Elliott, Hans Hengartner, Rolf Zinkernagel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

This study describes the construction of soluble major histocompatibility complexes consisting of the mouse class I molecule, H-2Db, chemically biotinylated β2 microglobulin and a peptide epitope derived from the glycoprotein (GP; amino acids 33–41) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Tetrameric class I complexes, which were produced by mixing the class I complexes with phycoerythrin-labeled neutravidin, permitted direct analysis of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by flow cytometry. This technique was validated by (a) staining CD8+ cells in the spleens of transgenic mice that express a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for H-2Db in association with peptide GP33–41, and (b) by staining virus-specific CTLs in the cerebrospinal fluid of C57BL/6 (B6) mice that had been infected intracranially with LCMV-DOCILE. Staining of spleen cells isolated from B6 mice revealed that up to 40% of CD8+ T cells were GP33 tetramer+ during the initial phase of LCMV infection. In contrast, GP33 tetramers did not stain CD8+ T cells isolated from the spleens of B6 mice that had been infected 2 mo previously with LCMV above the background levels found in naive mice. The fate of virus-specific CTLs was analyzed during the acute phase of infection in mice challenged both intracranially and intravenously with a high or low dose of LCMV-DOCILE. The results of the study show that the outcome of infection by LCMV is determined by antigen load alone. Furthermore, the data indicate that deletion of virus-specific CTLs in the presence of excessive antigen is preceded by TCR downregulation and is dependent upon perforin.
Advantages of Pyridostigmine Bromide (Mestinon) and Edrophonium Chloride (Tensilon) in the Treatment of Transitory Myasthenia Gravis in the Neonatal Period
Authors: Halcuit Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THIS paper emphasizes the value of recognizing the symptoms of myasthenia gravis, so that appropriate treatment may be given to save the lives of these newborn infants whose mothers have myasthenia gravis. The occurrence of transitory myasthenia gravis in a considerable number of the offspring of women with myasthenia gravis has been described by several authors.1 , 2 In a review of this disease Kibrick3 adds 6 cases to those previously reported.Treatment of such infants by neostigmine (Prostigmin) has been reported as being generally satisfactory, but has not been ideal as evidenced by the fact that some of the babies thus . . .
Adaptive Molecular Evolution of HINTW, a Female-Specific Gene in Birds
Authors: H. Ceplitis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

It is well established that many genes on the male-specific Y chromosome of organisms such as mammals are involved in male reproduction and may evolve rapidly because of positive selection on male reproductive traits. In contrast, very little is known about the function and evolution of W-linked genes restricted to the female genome of organisms with female heterogamety. For birds (males ZZ, females ZW), only one W-linked gene (HINTW) is sufficiently different from its Z-linked homolog to indicate a female-specific function. Here, we report that HINTW shows evidence of adaptive molecular evolution, implying strong positive selection for new functional properties in female birds. Moreover, because HINTW is expressed in the gonads of female birds just before sexual differentiation and is thus a candidate for sex determination, it suggests adaptive evolution related to female development. This provides the first example of Darwinian evolution of a gene restricted to the female genome of any organism. Given that HINTW exists in multiple copies on W, similar to some testis-specific genes amplified on mammalian Y, avian HINTW may thus potentially represent a female parallel to the organization and evolution of Y chromosome genes involved in male reproduction and development.
Distinct sites of intracellular production for Alzheimer's disease Aβ40/42 amyloid peptides
Authors: Tobias Hartmann, Sophie C. Bieger, Babara Brühl, Pentti J. Tienari, Nobuo Ida, David Allsop, Gareth W. Roberts, Colin L. Masters, Carlos G. Dotti, Klaus Unsicker, Konrad Beyreuther
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
Priority in Perineum Repair Technic.
Authors: Geo. H. Noble
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 19, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journalof the 16th inst. is a communication from Dr. Marcy of Boston in which he calls attention to these articles of his, viz.: Transactions of the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, September 1888, "The Perineum; Its Anatomy, Physiology and Methods of Restoration After Injury"; also "The Reconstruction of the Pelvic Structures in Woman," American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 1892; also "The Reconstruction of the Pelvic Structures Incident to Lesions of Perineum,"The JournalAmerican Medical Association, October 21, 1899. He then says: "Here will be found all the essentials of Dr. Noble's interesting article on 'A New Operation for Complete Laceration of the Perineum.'" In reply to this most extraordinary claim I will state that the chief feature of my operation is<i>elimination of the danger of infection from the rectum</i>by dissecting the lower anterior portion
Graves' Disease with Delayed Hyperthyroidism
Authors: INDER J. CHOPRA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A patient had high serum long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) activity and only the ophthalmopathy and dermopathy of Graves' disease for several years and finally developed hyperthyroidism with no increase (actually a decrease) in serum LATS activity. This sequence generates doubt about two prevalent hypotheses: that circulating LATS is the cause of hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease and that the absence of hyperthyroidism in euthyroid Graves' disease is caused by the presence of an additional lesion, such as chronic thyroiditis, limiting the capacity of the thyroid gland to respond to LATS. Alternative hypotheses are discussed.
The Midclavicular Line: Where Is It?
Authors: DAVID A. RYTAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The midclavicular line, a landmark of some interest and importance in electrocardiography and physical diagnosis, has undergone changes in its definition and description. These are reviewed. The present definition, in which the midclavicular line is held to be the mammillary line, is regarded as unsatisfactory. It is suggested that we return to Da Costa's 1909 definition (1): ". . . midclavicular . . . line, let fall from the middle of the clavicle. . . . This line, although commonly termed 'mammillary,' rarely passes through the nipple."
Trends in In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Survival in Adults Receiving Maintenance Dialysis
Authors: Susan P. Y. Wong, William Kreuter, J. Randall Curtis, Yoshio N. Hall, Ann M. O’Hare
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Understanding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) practices and outcomes can help to support advance care planning in patients receiving maintenance dialysis.To characterize patterns and outcomes of in-hospital CPR in US adults receiving maintenance dialysis.This national retrospective cohort study studied 663,734 Medicare beneficiaries 18 years or older from a comprehensive national registry for end-stage renal disease who initiated maintenance dialysis from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2010.Receipt of in-hospital CPR from 91 days after dialysis initiation through the time of death, first kidney transplantation, or end of follow-up on December 31, 2011.Incidence of CPR and survival after the first episode of CPR recorded in Medicare claims during follow-up.The annual incidence of CPR for the overall cohort was 1.4 events per 1000 in-hospital days (95% CI, 1.3-1.4). A total of 21.9% CPR recipients (95% CI, 21.4%-22.3%) survived to hospital discharge, with a median postdischarge survival of 5.0 months (interquartile range, 0.7-16.8 months). Among patients who died in the hospital, 14.9% (95% CI, 14.8%-15.1%) received CPR during their terminal admission. From 2000 to 2011, there was an increase in the incidence of CPR (1.0 events per 1000 in-hospital days; 95% CI, 0.9-1.1; to 1.6 events per 1000 in-hospital days; 95% CI, 1.6-1.7; P for trend <.001), the proportion of CPR recipients who survived to discharge (15.2%; 95% CI, 11.1%-20.5%; to 28%; 95% CI, 26.7%-29.4%; P for trend <.001), and the proportion of in-hospital deaths preceded by CPR (9.5%; 95% CI, 8.4%-10.8%; to 19.8%; 95% CI, 19.2%-20.4%; P for trend <.001), with no substantial change in duration of postdischarge survival.Among a national cohort of patients receiving maintenance dialysis, the incidence of CPR was higher and long-term survival worse than reported for other populations.
Thank you Peter and Paul
Authors: J.C. Yernault
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

<b>Background:</b> Safety concerns around the use of as-needed short-acting β<sub>2</sub>-agonist (SABA) monotherapy in asthma management warrant evaluation. The SABa use IN Asthma (SABINA) programme captures the current global burden of SABA use. <b>Objective:</b> To examine the extent of SABA use and its association with exacerbations in Western societies. <b>Methods:</b> Data from SABINA (Canada, France, Poland, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands and the UK) and the US (commercial insurance populations, Medicaid and Medicare) were analysed. SABA prescription data (categorised as ≤2 or ≥3 canisters/year), exacerbations and other covariates from patients with asthma (≥12 years) were obtained from electronic medical records, national patient registries and pharmacy prescriptions. <b>Results:</b> Overall, 1,490,336 patients with asthma were included in the analysis. Across all countries and asthma severities, between 15.7% (The Netherlands) and 46.9% (US Medicaid) of patients filled prescriptions for ≥3 SABA canisters/year. Annual SABA canister fills of ≥3 vs. ≤2 were associated with higher odds of having ≥1 asthma exacerbation/year across countries (odds ratio [confidence interval] ranging from 1.09 [1.02–1.16] for the older US Medicare population to 1.89 [1.70–2.11] for the overall Canada population). <b>Conclusion:</b> SABA use of ≥3 canisters/year was common across a large group of countries with diverse healthcare systems and was associated with increased asthma exacerbations. These results support the GINA recommendations about the need to eliminate SABA monotherapy. These findings also highlight the need for careful monitoring of patients with asthma using ≥3 SABA canisters/year and a detailed understanding of the relationship between SABA use and exacerbations.
Myelofibrosis with complex chromosome abnormality in a patient with erythrocytosis due to hemoglobin rainier and treated with <sup>32</sup>P
Authors: Vesna Najfeld, Thomas H. Price, John W. Adamson, Philip J. Fialkow
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Abstract A patient with familial erythrocytosis associated with Hemoglobin Rainier, and previously treated with 32 P, developed myelofibrosis with a hyperdiploid chromosome clone in the myeloid cells (51, XX, +1, 2q‐(q33), +6, +9, +11, ‐19, +20q +,+ mar 1). This transformation from a benign disorder of differentiated erythrocytes to a malignant disorder may have been secondary to radiophosphorus therapy.
EVALUATION AND FOLLOW-UP OF STATE HOSPITAL PATIENTS WHO HAD SANITY HEARINGS
Authors: JONAS R. RAPPEPORT, GEORGE LASSEN, FRANCES GRUENWALD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

1. Seventy-three patients who had sanity hearings were evaluated with reference to general historical data and social adjustment. 2. Of these 73, 26 were released by the court; 44% of these made a satisfactory adjustment. The remainder were remanded to the hospital; 10 were eventually discharged and 30% made a satisfactory adjustment; 12 eloped and 42% of these made a satisfactory adjustment. 3. Comparisons are made for criteria differentiating these groups and an attempt is made to relate these findings to other studies. 4. The present results are also discussed in the context of court and hospital functioning.
Heart Function in Health and Disease.
Authors: R. Pabla
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Heart Function in Health and Disease. Get access Ravinder Pabla Ravinder Pabla London, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 2, February 1994, Pages 287–288, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.2.287 Published: 01 February 1994
THE PROBABLE ASSOCIATION OF AMINO-ACIDURIA WITH BENCE-JONES PROTEINURIA
Authors: Charles E. Simon
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In the course of certain investigations regarding the nature of the so-called Bence-Jones protein, I made the incidental observation that the urine from such a case gave a most intense ninhydrin reaction. The color was a rich Burgundy, however, and not the reddish violet that is noted in the Abderhalden pregnancy test. The urine in question had been preserved for a number of years with thymol, and the question naturally arose whether a fresh specimen of urine containing the Bence-Jones protein would give thesame reaction. Normal urines, it may be mentioned in passing, give rise to no color change. The opportunity for such an examination was offered soon after, and it was found that the fresh urine from the second case also turned a deep Burgundy on boiling with ninhydrin. In order to determine whether the reaction was due to the protein itself or to an associated substance or substances,
Platelet and Fibrinogen Consumption in Man
Authors: Laurence A. Harker, Sherrill J. Slichter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Survival and turnover measurements of platelets and fibrinogen in 35 normal subjects and 104 selected patients defined three types of consumptive processes involving the hemostatic apparatus. The first, characterized by combined platelet and fibrinogen consumption, represents an exaggeration of the physiologic hemostatic response. It occurs in patients with venous thrombosis, tissue trauma, widespread cancer, obstetric complications, and bacteremia. The result of activation of the coagulation system, this process can be modified by heparin. The second, characterized by selective platelet destruction, appears to reflect platelet thrombus formation on abnormal surfaces in the arterial system, including prosthetic devices and arterial thrombosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and vasculitis syndromes. This process is reversed by certain inhibitors of platelet function or adrenocortical steroid suppression of vascular inflammation. The third involves selective destruction of fibrinogen and follows the infusion of urokinase. Isolated fibrinogen destruction seems typical of primary fibrinolytic syndromes.