tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Risk of Penicillin Reactions
Authors: PAUL P. VAN ARSDEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Editorial Notes1 November 1968The Risk of Penicillin ReactionsPAUL P. VAN ARSDEL JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.PAUL P. VAN ARSDEL JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-69-5-1071 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFrom the attention given to penicillin allergy in recent medical literature, one might conclude that using the drug has become a risky business. Actually, there is no evidence that the risk is increasing, although opinions differ on just how great it is. Those who study drug allergy in selected populations tend to emphasize the dangers of penicillin far more than physicians who are responsible for controlling life-threatening infections.The World Health Organization, through its Venereal Diseases and Treponematoses Section, has long been concerned with the problem of penicillin reactions in venereal disease control programs. Ten years ago a most comprehensive...References1. GUTHEIDSØEWILLCOX TORR: Untoward penicillin reactions. Bull. WHO 19: 427, 1958. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. IDSØEGUTHEWILLCOXDE WECK OTRRAL: Nature and extent of penicillin side-reactions, with particular reference to fatalities from anaphylactic shock. Bull. WHO 38: 159, 1968. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. VOSSREDMONDLEVINE HEAPBB: Clinical detection of the potential allergic reactor to penicillin by immunologic tests. JAMA 196: 679, 1966. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. JAMESAUSTEN LPKF: Fatal systemic anaphylaxis in man. New Eng. J. Med. 270: 597, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL P. VAN ARSDELJR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDrug ReactionsLiteraturverzeichnisCONTROLLED TRIAL OF PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS IN MINOR WOUNDS REQUIRING SUTUREAllergic EmergenciesInfectious diseases. Annual review of significant publications 1 November 1968Volume 69, Issue 5Page: 1071-1073KeywordsAllergy and immunologyDrugsGlobal healthPenicillinPopulation statisticsSexually transmitted diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Importance of Intensive Supervision in Determining the Efficacy of Insulin Pump Therapy
Authors: David M Nathan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The role of intensive supervision in the success of insulin pump programs was examined in six type I diabetic subjects utilizing a crossover protocol. The highly motivated volunteers who had attained euglycemia during intensive supervision had a significant increase in plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c concentrations during the period when supervision by the medical team and frequency of self blood glucose monitoring decreased. Intensive supervision is a critical feature in ensuring maximal efficacy of insulin pump therapy. The importance of such supervision may be even greater in less motivated and adherent patients.
Sickle Cell Trait and Pregnancy
Authors: Peggy J. Whalley, Jack A. Pritchard, James R. Richards
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The obstetrical experiences of 500 Negro women with sickle cell trait have been compared with those of 500 Negro women whose red blood cells did not sickle. There was no difference between the two groups of women in frequency of abortion, toxemia of pregnancy, prematurity, or perinatal death. The incidence of pyelonephritis during pregnancy and the puerperium, however, was definitely higher in women with S-A hemoglobin. It is suggested that sickling of red blood cells in the vasa recti of the renal medulla may be responsible for the increased susceptibility of pregnant women with sickle cell trait to the development of pyelonephritis.
Characterization of IgG‐Subclass Antibodies to Individual Allergens by Crossed Radioimmunoelectrophoresis
Authors: I. Søndergaard, R. Djurup, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1984)

A crossed radioimmunoelectrophoretic (CRIE) method for detection of human IgG subclass specificities against individual antigens is described. After crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) of the antigens the immunoplates are incubated with serum, washed and incubated with mouse monoclonal anti‐human IgG‐subclass antibodies. After washing, the plates are finally incubated with the 125 I‐labelled detector protein, rabbit anti‐mouse IgG, and washed. The plates are then placed on an X‐ray film for autoradiography. The specificity of the method was tested by inhibition with antigens in the first layer and by inhibition with myeloma sera containing only one IgG subclass protein in the second layer. The specificity of the third layer was assured by affinity purification of the rabbit anti‐mouse IgG antibodies. The method was shown to be sensitive and specific. The test systems were timothy ( Phleum pratense ) pollen antigens and house dust mite ( Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ) antigens.
Characterization of a hyaluronan receptor on rat sinusoidal liver endothelial cells and its functional relationship to scavenger receptors
Authors: Peter A. G. McCourt, Bård H. Smedsrød, Jukka Melkko, Staffan Johansson
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Hyaluronan is a widely distributed extracellular component of connective tissue with several mechanical and cell biological functions. The serum level of hyaluronan is elevated in rheumatic and liver diseases and in certain malignancies. The major route of hyaluronan clearance from the blood is via the liver, taken up predominantly by sinusoidal liver endothelial cells. We have purified a novel hyaluronan binding protein from liver that also has an affinity for the N -terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, a physiological scavenger receptor ligand. A polyclonal antibody raised against the protein was found to inhibit the binding and degradation of hyaluronan as well as two scavenger receptor ligands by cultured sinusoidal liver endothelial cells. Immunostaining of nonpermeabilized liver cells and liver sections showed that the antibody specifically stains the surface of sinusoidal liver endothelial cells. After pretreatment with monensin to block the recirculation of endocytic receptors, the immunostaining was specifically associated with early endosomes of these cells. Thus, this rat sinusoidal liver endothelial cell hyaluronan receptor shares functional properties with the scavenger receptor family, a group of proteins shown to play a key role in the uptake of atherogenic lipids and other waste products from the tissues.
Epithelial Stem-Cell Transplantation for Severe Ocular-Surface Disease
Authors: Edward J. Holland, Gary S. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The treatment of patients with severe ocular-surface disease has been largely unsuccessful. Superficial keratectomy (the excision of abnormal cells on the corneal surface) can lead to invasion of the corneal surface by goblet cells derived from the conjunctiva (“conjunctivalization”). Standard procedures of corneal transplantation (penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty) provide a stable ocular surface only for as long as the donor epithelium survives. After the inevitable sloughing of the donor epithelium, conjunctivalization will occur.The ocular surface is composed of the tear film and the epithelium of the cornea and conjunctiva. Stratified, nonkeratinized epithelium covers the entire cornea as well as . . .
How to treat a Piraha: medical ethics and cultural difference
Authors: D. K. Sokol
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Respecting a patient’s culture can conflict with an ethical or legal duty



Deep in the Amazon rainforest the Piraha (pronounced “pee-da-HAN”) people speak a language unlike any other. The language has only three vowels and eight consonants and has no numbers, no counting, and no words for colours. A Piraha would refer to red, for example, by saying, “That is like blood.”

The Piraha have minimal art and no musical instruments. They have no interest in the distant past or future. They ascribe scant value to privacy and show little fear of death. They have no doctors or hospitals. Yet, even the Piraha have principles of medical ethics. The linguistics expert Dan Everett, who spent many years among the Piraha, tells of a group of men killing a very sick baby by pouring copious amounts of alcohol in its mouth.1 He explained: “They felt certain that this baby was going to die. They felt it was suffering terribly […] So they euthanized the child.”1 All cultures have moral rules about the practice of medicine.

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Use of a Cardiac Output Computer to Measure Earpiece-recorded Dye-dilution Curves, with an Improved Method of Tailpiece Calibration
Authors: D. J. Rowlands, G. Howitt, D. Y. T. Leung
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1967)

The use of large doses of indocyanine green and of a multiple tailpiece sampling procedure is shown to increase both the range and sensitivity of photoelectric earpiece calibration. With these improvements in calibration technique, it becomes feasible to use a cardiac output computer to calculate the curve areas.
Hepatitis and Closed Meetings
Authors: H. BRUCE DULL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 August 1973Hepatitis and Closed MeetingsH. BRUCE DULL, M.D., MICHAEL B. GREGG, M.D.H. BRUCE DULL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MICHAEL B. GREGG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-2-291_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The April 1973 issue (pp. 624-625) includes a review of Dr. A. J. Zuckerman'sHepatitis-Associated Antigen and Viruses, by Dr. W. Thomas London. Quite injudiciously, we believe, Dr. London alleges that there exists what amounts to a conspiracy to be secretive among hepatitis workers—endorsed, if not supported, by United States governmental agencies, including the Center for Disease Control, and by the World Health Organization. He further states that Dr. Zuckerman intended to "counter this trend" by writing a book, one that all of us agree is a comprehensive status report on the astonishingly rapidly progressing field of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: H. BRUCE DULL, M.D.; MICHAEL B. GREGG, M.D.Affiliations: Epidemiology Program Center for Disease Control Atlanta, Georgia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1973Volume 79, Issue 2Page: 291-291KeywordsAntigensGlobal healthHepatitis AHepatitis A virus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Penicillin to prevent recurrent leg cellulitis: a critical appraisal
Authors: E.J. van Zuuren, Z. Fedorowicz, B. Alper, S.F. Mitsuma
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Thomas et al. compared the effectiveness of prophylactic low‐dose penicillin vs. placebo in patients with recurrent cellulitis for preventing the disease. Participants of this double‐blind randomized controlled trial were recruited at 28 hospitals in the U.K. and Ireland between July 2006 and January 2010. Patients with two or more episodes of cellulitis of the leg were randomized to receive low‐dose oral penicillin (250 mg twice daily) or placebo over 12 months with a follow‐up period of up to 3 years. The primary outcome was the time to a first recurrence. Secondary outcome measures were the proportion of participants with a repeat episode of cellulitis during the prophylaxis phase and during the follow‐up phase, the number of repeat episodes of cellulitis, the proportion of participants with new oedema or ulceration during the prophylaxis phase and during the follow‐up phase, the number of nights in hospital for cellulitis, the number of adverse drug reactions or adverse events of interest (death, nausea, diarrhoea, thrush, rash, severe skin reactions, sepsis and renal failure), cost–effectiveness and predictors of response. Of the 533 patients screened, 274 were eligible and included in the trial (136 were assigned to the penicillin group and 138 to the placebo group). The median time to a first recurrence of cellulitis was 626 days in the penicillin group and 532 days in the placebo group. During the 12 months of treatment 30 (22%) of 136 patients in the penicillin group had a recurrence compared with 51 (37%) in the placebo group [hazard ratio 0·55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·35–0·86, P = 0·01; number needed to treat 7, 95% CI 4–9]. After the 12‐month treatment period, during the follow‐up there was no difference in the rate of first recurrence (27% in both groups). There were fewer repeat episodes in the penicillin group than in the placebo group during the treatment period (76 vs. 122, P = 0·03) and no difference during subsequent follow‐up (43 vs. 42). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the number of participants with an adverse event (37 in the penicillin group vs. 48 in the placebo group, P = 0·50). Thomas et al. concluded that low‐dose penicillin was effective in preventing recurrent cellulitis in people with recurrent disease during prophylactic treatment, but that the effect reduced progressively after the discontinuation of penicillin.
The Medical Department of the Army.
Authors: Louis P. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Fort Hamilton, N. Y., Aug. 15, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —After the published statements of General Sternberg, Lieut.-Col. Senn, Capt. Munson, U. S. A., and others, perhaps nothing further is needed to offset the prejudiced and sensational articles which have appeared in the daily press from correspondents and from certain hysteric members of the Red Cross, seeking to aggrandize their own services by belittling the work and results of the Medical Department of the Army. However, I will venture my mite. Sent to service with troops in the field at the time war was declared, attached to regiments, and later a member of the staff of the Second Divisional Field Hospital, Fifth Army Corps, there has been abundant opportunity at Chickamauga Park, at Tampa, on the hospital ship<i>Olivette</i>, and in Cuba, from which I returned on July 19, to see the workings of the Department under many and varied
Growth and Sexual Maturation During Long-Term Treatment With Risperidone
Authors: Fiona Dunbar, Vivek Kusumakar, Denis Daneman, Miklos Schulz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

This study assessed the impact of risperidone on growth and sexual maturation.The pooled database of five studies included 700 children ages 5-15 years with disruptive behavior disorders. All evaluable patients had received risperidone for 11 or 12 months. Those evaluable for growth also had baseline and 11- or 12-month height measurements (N=350); girls >/=9 years and boys >/=10 years who were evaluable for sexual maturation also had baseline and 11- or 12-month Tanner staging (N=222).Risperidone-treated children had a mean increase in height 1.2 cm greater than the reference population, and they experienced no delay in progression through Tanner staging. Transient increases in prolactin did not correlate with growth or sexual maturation.In this retrospective analysis, there was no evidence of statistically or clinically significant growth failure or delay in pubertal onset or progression in children treated for up to 1 year with risperidone.
Cell kinetics and in vitro clonogenicity of primary colorectal cancer: clinicopathological relationships and the implications for chemotherapy.
Authors: G A Trotter, G R Morgan, A J Cooper, N Kirkham, J M Whitehouse, I Taylor
Journal: Gut (1985)

Cells with the capacity for clonogenic growth in vitro can be isolated from primary human colorectal carcinomas. In this study colonies were grown, composed of cells which expressed epithelial membrane antigen and CEA, confirming their neoplastic character. Adequate growth for assessing the cytotoxicity of drugs for use in clinical chemotherapy regimes was obtained from 64% of the specimens. Colony forming efficiency of the tumour cells was not related to clinical stage or pathological grade of the parent tumour. The S-Phase fraction of the tumour was established in vitro using pulse thymidine labelling. The thymidine labelling index for Dukes9 stage A and B tumours was significantly higher (median 15.7%, range 10.1-23.6%) than for Dukes9 stages C and D (median 11.7%, range 0.1-13.6%). Colony forming efficiency in vitro was independent of the thymidine labelling index of the tumour. These findings are discussed with reference to the known heterogeneity of colorectal adenocarcinomas.
Distribution of NHS funds between fundholding and non-fundholding practices
Authors: J Dixon, M Dinwoodie, D Hodson, S Dodd, T Poltorak, C Garrett, P Rice, I Doncaster, M Williams
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To estimate the amount spent on specific hospital care by health agencies in 1993-4 and compare it with the resources allocated to patients registered with fundholding practices for the same type of care. To investigate whether fundholding practices and health agencies pay different amounts for inpatient care.Examination of hospital episode statistics, 1991 census data, and family health services authority and health agency records.Health agencies and fundholding practices in the former North West Thames Regional Health Authority.Amount per capita allocated to inpatient and outpatient care for patients registered with fundholding and non-fundholding practices. Average specialty cost per finished consultant episode for health agencies and fundholding practices.The ratio of per capita funding for patients in non-fundholding practices to those in fundholding practices ranged from 59% to 87% for inpatient and day case care and from 36% to 106% for outpatient care. Average specialty costs per episode were similar for fundholding practices and health agencies.Fundholding practices seem to have been funded more generously than non-fundholding practices in North West Thames.
Effectiveness of an oral cholera vaccine in Zanzibar: findings from a mass vaccination campaign and observational cohort study
Authors: Ahmed M Khatib, Mohammad Ali, Lorenz von Seidlein, Deok Ryun Kim, Ramadhan Hashim, Rita Reyburn, Benedikt Ley, Kamala Thriemer, Godwin Enwere, Raymond Hutubessy, Maria Teresa Aguado, Marie-Paule Kieny, Anna Lena Lopez, Thomas F Wierzba, Said Mohammed Ali, Abdul A Saleh, Asish K Mukhopadhyay, John Clemens, Mohamed Saleh Jiddawi, Jacqueline Deen
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2012)
α-Synuclein and neuronal cell death
Authors: Mark R Cookson
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2009)

alpha-Synuclein is a small protein that has special relevance for understanding Parkinson disease and related disorders. Not only is alpha-synuclein found in Lewy bodies characteristic of Parkinson disease, but also mutations in the gene for alpha-synuclein can cause an inherited form of Parkinson disease and expression of normal alpha-synuclein can increase the risk of developing Parkinson disease in sporadic, or non-familial, cases. Both sporadic and familial Parkinson disease are characterized by substantial loss of several groups of neurons, including the dopaminergic cells of the substantia nigra that are the target of most current symptomatic therapies. Therefore, it is predicted that alpha-synuclein, especially in its mutant forms or under conditions where its expression levels are increased, is a toxic protein in the sense that it is associated with an increased rate of neuronal cell death. This review will discuss the experimental contexts in which alpha-synuclein has been demonstrated to be toxic. I will also outline what is known about the mechanisms by which alpha-synuclein triggers neuronal damage, and identify some of the current gaps in our knowledge about this subject. Finally, the therapeutic implications of toxicity of alpha-synuclein will be discussed.
AN ACQUIRED RESISTANCE OF GROWING ANIMALS TO CERTAIN NEUROTROPIC VIRUSES IN THE ABSENCE OF HUMORAL ANTIBODIES OR PREVIOUS EXPOSURE TO INFECTION
Authors: Peter K. Olitsky, Albert B. Sabin, Herald R. Cox
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. As mice grow older they acquire a resistance to peripheral inoculation with the Indiana and New Jersey strains of vesicular stomatitis virus and to some extent also to Western equine encephalomyelitis virus, but little or none to the Eastern strain. 2. While some mice may become resistant as early as the 30th day of life, others may still be susceptible at 1 year of age. 3. This resistance is readily demonstrable when the inoculations are made by intranasal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes, but not when the virus is injected directly into the brain. 4. The resistance is not related to previous exposure to infection or to the presence of specific or nonspecific antiviral bodies in the blood. 5. No difference in susceptibility to peripheral inoculation was found in young and old guinea pigs to pseudorabies virus, and in relatively young and old Macacus rhesus monkeys to poliomyelitis virus.
Aneurysm of anterior communicating artery masquerading as Adams-Stokes disease.
Authors: A Edwards, N London, A M Heagerty, R F Bing, H Thurston
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Une observation: syncopes repetees chez un homme de 63 ans, presentant une bradycardie importante (40, parfois meme 20/mn), et une pression arterielle normale. Une certaine confusion mentale est attribuee a une ischemie cerebrale. Mais la tomographie avec traitement informatique revele une hemorragie sous-arachnoidienne et un anevrysme de l'artere communicante droite (confirmation par angiographie carotidienne). La bradycardie et la confusion regressent apres traitement par dexamethasone, le malade est transfere en service de neurochirurgie pour traitement de l'anevrysme
Some Observations on the Hepatic Venous Pulsation in the Anesthetized Dog
Authors: SALVATORE M. SANCETTA
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

Since direct evidence of transmission of propagated waves into the hepatic veins (liver pulse) has been lacking, pressure pulses were recorded in the hepatic vein of the anesthetized dog. A constant presystolic positive wave, amplified by venous congestion and pulmonic compression, is demonstrated and shown to be transmitted from the atrium. During tricuspid insufficiency, a second transmitted positive wave is inscribed late in ventricular systole.