tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Controversies in the Treatment of the Acutely Wheezing Infant
Authors: Theresa W. Guilbert, Leonard B. Bacharier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

advance understanding and treatment of other lung diseases as well.Finally, efforts to translate research advances into the practice of pulmonary medicine and to ensure the training and development of future investigators will be central to capitalizing on these and other opportunities in pulmonary medicine.This will require enhanced efforts by the full respiratory community.This Editorial has highlighted only a few of the many promising frontiers in respiratory medicine.As biomedical research shifts more and more to the characterization of complex systems, the lung might become a preferred organ system for studies of integrated genomics and physiology at the whole human level.As such, the current funding climate should not signal a time to step back, but rather, an opportune time to step up to the challenge to accelerate the biomedical research needed to cure and prevent lung disease.
Coeliac disease associated with psoriasis
Authors: S. Birkenfeld, J. Dreiher, D. Weitzman, A.D. Cohen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin reported to be associated with systemic comorbidities.To investigate the association between psoriasis and coeliac disease (CD).Patients with psoriasis were compared with age- and sex-matched controls regarding the prevalence of CD in a case-control study. chi(2) and t-tests were used for univariate analysis and a logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. The study was performed utilizing the medical database of Clalit Health Services.The study included 12,502 patients with psoriasis aged > 20 years and 24,285 age- and sex-matched controls. The prevalence of CD in patients with psoriasis was increased compared with the prevalence in controls (0.29% and 0.11%, respectively, P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis psoriasis was associated with CD (odds ratio 2.73, 95% confidence interval 1.65-4.53).Patients with psoriasis have a greater prevalence of CD than matched controls. Recent studies showed a possibility of undiagnosed CD among patients with psoriasis. Therefore, physicians treating patients with psoriasis should be aware of this possible association.
NON-INVASIVE IMAGING OF THE LOCALIZATION AND TIME COURSE OF CELL DEATH IN A CANINE MODEL OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND REPERFUSION: DEMONSTRATION OF EARLY AND LATE PHASES OF REPERFUSION CELL DEATH
Authors: Patrick M. Burns, Patrick Kearns, Pedro Vargas-Pinto, Yoshinori Nishijima, Yu Ding, Mihaela Jekic, Tam Tran, Jiarui Lian, Kun Huang, Orlando P. Simonetti, Jay L. Zweier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Diffuse Jaw Uptake An Unusual Finding in Neurofibromatosis
Authors: RUTH HARDOFF, SARA GIPS, AVI FRONT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) is a common congenital and familial disease involving multiple organs and systems. Skin lesions—cafe au lait spots and palpable neurofibromas of the peripheral nervesare characteristic, as are bone and soft tissue abnormalities. Skeletal lesions in this disease are thought to be due to multiple pathological processes: mesodermal dysplasia, invasion of the periosteum by plexiform neuromas, and infiltration of bone by neurofibromatous tissue resulting in lacunar absorption of compact bone and widening of the haversion canals. Common skeletal lesions are scoliosis, kyphoscoliosis, congenital bowing, and pseudoarthrosis of long bones, as well as skull defects mainly in the orbital wall and posterior superior lambdoidsuture. We describe a 31 -year-old woman with an unusual diffuse jaw uptake on bone scintigraphy, in addition to multiple skeletal manifestations of neurofibromatosis.
Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis
Authors: Kamal Ishak, Amelia Baptista, Leonardo Bianchi, Francesco Callea, Jan De Groote, Fred Gudat, Helmut Denk, Valeer Desmet, Gerhard Korb, Roderick N.M. MacSween, M.James Phillips, Bernard G. Portmann, Hemming Poulsen, Peter J. Scheuer, Martin Schmid, Heribert Thaler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)
Radiotherapy in small cell cancer of the lung treated with combination chemotherapy: a controlled trial.
Authors: R L Souhami, D M Geddes, S G Spiro, P G Harper, J S Tobias, B S Mantell, F Fearon, I Bradbury
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Three hundred and seventy one patients with extensive or limited small cell cancer of the lung took part in a randomised trial to evaluate irradiation of the primary tumour in patients treated with combination chemotherapy. They were randomly allocated to treatment either with chemotherapy alone (198) or with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy (173). All 371 initially received 12 weeks of chemotherapy after which they were categorised according to response. Only those with stable or responding disease continued with their allotted treatment. Thus 144 received chemotherapy alone and 135 received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The design of the study permitted analysis of the effect of radiotherapy according to initial extent of disease and quality of early response to chemotherapy. Radiotherapy (40 Gy (4000 rad), one fraction a day over 20 days) did not improve the survival of patients in any category of initial extent of disease or early response to chemotherapy and was not effective in preventing local relapse.
Oral almitrine in treatment of acute respiratory failure and cor pulmonale in patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease.
Authors: P A Bardsley, J Tweney, N Morgan, P Howard
Journal: Thorax (1991)

The effects of oral almitrine bismesylate, a respiratory stimulant that acts on peripheral arterial chemoreceptors, was studied in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease and hypoxaemic cor pulmonale. Twenty three patients admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of ventilatory failure were randomised to receive either almitrine 100 mg twice a day reducing to 50 mg twice a day over 48 hours or placebo in addition to conventional treatment. On admission the mean (SE) values for blood gas tensions were PaO2 4.8 (0.3) and PaCO2 7.7 (0.3) kPa in the 12 patients who received almitrine and PaO2 4.9 (0.1) and PaCO2 7.6 (0.3) kPa in the 11 who received placebo. After three hours of oxygen therapy at 1 1/min there was a similar rise in PaO2 in both groups, 6.4 (0.2) kPa in those receiving almitrine and 6.6 (0.4) kPa in those receiving placebo. After 24 hours of oxygen therapy values of PaO2 were again similar at 6.3 (0.8) kPa and 6.7 (2.2) kPa respectively. Arterial blood gas tensions improved during the study in those who survived but no significant differences were apparent between the two groups. There were six deaths, five in the almitrine group and one in the placebo group. There were no differences between the groups in respiratory rate, results of spirometry, oxygen requirement, or degree of dyspnoea (on visual analogue scale). The results did not show any benefit from oral almitrine in patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to chronic obstructive airways disease. Plasma almitrine concentrations, however, were often below the optimum therapeutic range, suggesting impaired drug absorption.
Air Pollution and Mortality in Chile: Susceptibility among the Elderly
Authors: Sabit Cakmak, Robert E. Dales, Claudia Blanco Vidal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The estimated mortality rate associated with ambient air pollution based on general population studies may not be representative of the effects on certain subgroups. The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of relatively high concentrations of air pollution on mortality in a general population sample and in the very elderly.Daily time-series analyses tested the association between daily air pollution and daily mortality in seven Chilean urban centers during 1997-2003. Results were adjusted for day of the week and humidex.Daily averaged particulate matter with aerodynamic matter < 10 microm (PM(10)) was 84.88 microg/m(3), sulfur dioxide was 14.08 ppb, and carbon monoxide was 1.29 ppb. The 1-hr maximum ozone was 100.13 ppb. The percentage increases in nonaccidental mortality associated with an increase in PM(10) equivalent to its mean were 4.53 (t-ratio 1.52) for those < 65 years and 14.03 (3.87) for those > 85 years. Respective values were 4.96 (1.17) and 8.56 (2.02) for O(3); 4.77 (2.50) and 7.92 (3.23) for SO(2); and 4.10 (2.52) and 8.58 (4.45) for CO.Our results suggest that the very elderly are particularly susceptible to dying from air pollution. Concentrations deemed acceptable for the general population may not adequately protect the very elderly.
NOVEL APPLICATION OF VIRTUAL 3D MODELS DERIVED FROM CARDIAC CT AND MRI TO ASSESS CANDIDACY FOR TWO VENTRICLE REPAIR IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLEX CONOTRUNCAL DEFECTS
Authors: Kanwal M. Farooqi, Santosh Uppu, Shubhika Srivastava, Ira Parness, Khanh Nguyen, James Nielsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Life is as much a pain as it ever was
Authors: G. J Macfarlane
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—The article by Palmer et al shows that the reporting of back pain in the United Kingdom has increased during the past decade.1 This is potentially important because, despite rises in indirect measures such as sickness and invalidity benefit payments for back pain in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, there has been little evidence that back pain is actually becoming more common.2



Area defined as low back in studies 3 4



We conducted two …
The Effect of Percutaneous Mitral Valvuloplasty on Left Atrial Mechanical Functions in Mitral Stenosis: The Short and Mid Term Following
Authors: Sinan İnci, Mustafa Kemal Erol, Muhammet Hakan Taş, Eftal Murat Bakırcı, Hikmet Hamur, Şule Karakelleoğlu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Geriatric nail disorders: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Philip R. Cohen, Richard K. Scher
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1992)

Age-associated nail changes and disorders are common in elderly patients. Characteristic changes in color, contour, growth, surface, thickness, and histology occur in the nail unit as persons become older. Several onychodystrophies are frequently observed in these elderly patients: brittle nails, those induced by faulty biomechanics and trauma, infections, onychauxis, onychoclavus, onychogryphosis, onychophosis, splinter hemorrhages and subungual hematomas, and subungual exostosis. Awareness of the signs and symptoms of the aging nail will enable better assessment and management of the onychologic concerns of this group of older patients. Age-associated nail changes and disorders are common in elderly patients. Characteristic changes in color, contour, growth, surface, thickness, and histology occur in the nail unit as persons become older. Several onychodystrophies are frequently observed in these elderly patients: brittle nails, those induced by faulty biomechanics and trauma, infections, onychauxis, onychoclavus, onychogryphosis, onychophosis, splinter hemorrhages and subungual hematomas, and subungual exostosis. Awareness of the signs and symptoms of the aging nail will enable better assessment and management of the onychologic concerns of this group of older patients.
Role of oral food challenges in the diagnostic work-up of food allergy in atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome
Authors: B. Niggemann
Journal: Allergy (2004)

The diagnosis of food allergy in infants and children is still a challenging task for the pediatrician. While immediate-type allergic reactions to foods can be diagnosed quite easily, late-phase reactions, e.g. in atopic dermatitis, often represent a diagnostic challenge. Once classical diagnostic procedures such as history, skin prick tests, atopy patch test, and specific immunoglobulin E in serum have been exhausted, double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges represent the state of the art. After an oligo-allergenic diet, suspected foods or placebo are given in a titrated manner until a clear clinical reaction or the highest dose. The observation period should be 48 h in the case of atopic dermatitis. Constant clinical monitoring is mandatory. Dietetic recommendations are given for 12 months. The effort involved in such a procedure is justified because it can help to avoid clinically relevant food allergens in some cases and in others can prevent children from being exposed unnecessarily to diets that may be harmful to them.
Human occupational and nonoccupational exposure to fibers.
Authors: N A Esmen, S Erdal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Human exposure to fibers in occupational and nonoccupational environments has been a health concern for nearly a century. In this review, selected results from the literature are presented to highlight the availability, limitations, and interpretive difficulties associated with the past and current human fiber exposure data sets. In the traditionally defined asbestos fibers, large amounts of the data available suffer from the diversity of sample collection and analysis methods. Two simple generalizations suggest that occupational exposures are several orders of magnitude higher than that of environmental exposures; and currently extant data and the current routine measurement practices present significant difficulties in the consistent interpretation of the data with respect to health effects. The data on the human exposures to man-made vitreous fibers are much more complete than the data on asbestos exposure, while exposure data on other man-made fibrous materials are lacking. The human exposure data to many minerals which, at times, exist in fibrous habit, are very scanty, and in view of the biological activity of some of these fibers, this lack may be of significant concern.
Criticisms of health reform are "noticeably misinformed," say supporters
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Defenders of Andrew Lansley’s health reforms in England have begun to find their voice. A week that began with a challenge from the Royal College of General Practitioners ( BMJ 2011;342:d2947, 10 May, doi:10.1136/bmj.d2947) has since seen a solid performance by the health secretary in the House of Commons and a letter of support from 42 GPs in the Daily Telegraph who clearly don’t agree with their own royal college. Furthermore, a member of the “listening panel” set up to gather opinion on the health reform during a pause in the legislative process has hinted at possible amendments to the bill to head off opposition.

Mr Lansley still faces the Liberal Democrats in a wrecking mood, but at least his own party rallied to his support in the Commons, in contrast to some of his …
Abstract 3336: The role of Notch signaling in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhiqiang Wang, Prathibha Ranganathan, Vadim Koshenkov, Feng Bai, Bin Li, Dennis Liang Fei, Alan Livingstone, Dido Franceschi, Juan Martell, David J. Robbins, Anthony J. Capobianco
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The Notch signaling pathway plays a critical role in embryonic development and carcinogenesis. Aberrant Notch signaling has been linked to a wide variety of cancers. Activation of Notch pathway can either suppress or promote tumors depending on the cell type and context. However, the role of the Notch pathway in the pathogenesis and development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is poorly understood. Objective: Elucidate the role of NOTCH signaling pathway in EAC. Methodology: In this study, the expression of Notch components in EAC tissues, matched non-tumor esophageal mucosa and normal esophagus tissues, EAC cell lines (FLO-1, JH-EsoAd1, OE19 and OE33) and 3 primary esophageal normal epithelial cells were assessed by quantitative RT- PCR, western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. The effect of blocking as well as ectopic activation of the Notch pathway on the proliferation, colony formation, and gene expression were also characterized. Results: The aberrant activation of Notch signaling was observed in human EAC clinical samples. Expression of most Notch pathway components was elevated in EAC. The expression of activated NOTCH1 also associated with the differentiation grade of EAC. We found that blocking Notch activity by gamma-secretase inhibitors(GSI) affects the proliferation and/or survival of EAC cell lines and human EAC samples ex vivo cultures. In contrast, this effect was not observed in human esophageal epithelial cell line, Het-1A. However, we observed that activation of Notch signaling by NOTCH1icd could promote colony formation in Het-1A cells. Conclusions: Our results showed that Notch signaling promotes the growth and pathogenesis of EAC. Therefore, Notch signaling pathway could be a promising therapeutic target for treatment of human EAC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3336. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3336
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Protein Complex 2 Regulates Differentiation of Th1 and Th2 Cell Subsets via Distinct Signaling Pathways
Authors: Keunwook Lee, Prathyusha Gudapati, Srdjan Dragovic, Charles Spencer, Sebastian Joyce, Nigel Killeen, Mark A. Magnuson, Mark Boothby
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Carcinoma of Bronchus and the Smoking Habit in Rhodesian Africans
Authors: M. Gelfand, A. J. P. Graham, E. Lightman
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Comparison of the smoking habits of 32 adult male Africans with carcinoma of the bronchus and 32 controls showed that 87.5% of the patients with lung cancer were cigarette smokers compared with only 22% of the controls. The distribution of histological types of growth confirmed findings by other workers. The absence of atmospheric pollution in Rhodesia makes it likely that cigarette-smoking is the most important causative factor in the aetiology of lung cancer among Rhodesian Africans. Further work is needed to determine the level of consumption of cigarettes and type of smoking habits which lead to a serious risk of cancer.
Prognostic Value of P-Glycoprotein in High-Grade Osteosarcoma
Authors: Massimo Serra, Piero Picci, Stefano Ferrari, Gaetano Bacci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

benefit, and possible harm, when treating microsatellite instability (MSI) CRC patients with fluorouracil (FU)-based chemotherapy.The relative risk for death in stage II CRC patients was 3.28, which must be taken seriously.We know that we provide clinical benefit to just a subset of CRC patients treated with adjuvant FU; we need to identify those subsets most likely to respond, avoid treating those who would receive no benefit, and above all, do no harm.Preclinical studies had already demonstrated that CRC cells with MSI have in vitro resistance to FU. 3 The suggestion that the prospective Ribic study was flawed because of differences in the treatment protocols should be dismissed as disingenuous; the doses of FU used in these five studies all provide blood levels predicted to be associated with drug resistance, 3 and there is no experimental evidence to suggest that leucovorin or levamisole would be differentially affected by the presence or absence of MSI.The reality is that several prospectively designed studies have drawn attention to this issue, and it is imperative that we have impeachable evidence for benefit before we treat our patients, rather than the absence of evidence for harm.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Associated with<i>HLA, IL12A,</i>and<i>IL12RB2</i>Variants
Authors: Gideon M. Hirschfield, Xiangdong Liu, Chun Xu, Yue Lu, Gang Xie, Yan Lu, Xiangjun Gu, Erin J. Walker, Kaiyan Jing, Brian D. Juran, Andrew L. Mason, Robert P. Myers, Kevork M. Peltekian, Cameron N. Ghent, Catalina Coltescu, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, E. Jenny Heathcote, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Christopher I. Amos, Katherine A. Siminovitch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic granulomatous cholangitis, characteristically associated with antimitochondrial antibodies. Twin and family aggregation data suggest that there is a significant genetic predisposition to primary biliary cirrhosis, but the susceptibility loci are unknown.To identify genetic loci conferring a risk for primary biliary cirrhosis, we carried out a genomewide association analysis in which DNA samples from 2072 Canadian and U.S. subjects (536 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 1536 controls) were genotyped for more than 300,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Sixteen of the SNPs most strongly associated with primary biliary cirrhosis were genotyped in two independent replication sets. We carried out fine-mapping studies across three loci associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.We found significant associations between primary biliary cirrhosis and 13 loci across the HLA class II region; the HLA-DQB1 locus (encoding the major histocompatibility complex class II, DQ beta chain 1) had the strongest association (P=1.78x10(-19); odds ratio for patients vs. controls, 1.75). Primary biliary cirrhosis was also significantly and reproducibly associated with two SNPs at the IL12A locus (encoding interleukin-12alpha), rs6441286 (P=2.42x10(-14); odds ratio, 1.54) and rs574808 (P=1.88x10(-13); odds ratio, 1.54), and one SNP at the IL12RB2 locus (encoding interleukin-12 receptor beta2), rs3790567 (P=2.76x10(-11); odds ratio, 1.51). Fine-mapping analysis showed that a five-allele haplotype in the 3' flank of IL12A was significantly associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (P=1.15x10(-34)). We found a modest genomewide association (P<5.0x10(-5)) with the risk of disease for SNPs at the STAT4 locus (encoding signal transducer and activator of transcription 4) and the CTLA4 locus (encoding cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) and 10 other loci.Our data show significant associations between primary biliary cirrhosis and common genetic variants at the HLA class II, IL12A, and IL12RB2 loci and suggest that the interleukin-12 immunoregulatory signaling axis is relevant to the pathophysiology of primary biliary cirrhosis. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00242125.)
EFFECT OF DALCETRAPIB PLUS PRAVASTATIN ON LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM IN DYSLIPIDEMIC PATIENTS: RESULTS OF A PHASE 2B DOSE-RANGING STUDY
Authors: Christie M. Ballantyne, Michael Miller, Eric J. Niesor, Tracy Burgess, David Kallend, Evan A. Stein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Life and Times of Thomas Wakley
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1974)

All physicians, and a great many laymen, know<i>The Lancet</i>as one of the world's great medical journals. However, the man who founded<i>The Lancet—</i>and did much else to further the cause of medicine—is not well known. Thomas Wakley (1795-1862) achieved considerable fame in his lifetime as editor, reformer, politician, and coroner. Almost constantly he was challenging the status quo, and almost constantly he was embroiled in controversy. A generation after his death, in 1897, S. Squire Sprigge published a biography that had considerable vogue but soon went out of print. More recently, the book has become much sought after. Now a new facsimile edition makes available a major document for the study of 19th century medicine as well as the biography of a brave and able physician. Charles Roland furnishes a new 12-page introduction for this reprint edition. The book illuminates the medical world of the mid-19th century