tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of influenza virus infection on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma
Authors: Jong-seo Yoon, Sulmui Won, Kyongwon Bang, Yoon Hong Chun, Hyun Hee Kim, Jin Tack Kim, Joon Sung Lee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanism of inflammatory cells accumulation into the airways after influenza infection in a murine model of asthma by comparing typical cytokines related to the production of eosinophils and neutrophils.  Methods: House dust mite (HDM)-sensitized BALB/c mice were used as a model of influenza-asthma exacerbations. The airway cholinergic hyperresponsiveness, pulmonary histopathological changes, and bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis including cells and cytokine influx were observed 24 h following intranasal infection with influenza viruses.  Results: Following influenza infection in asthmatic mice, the airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine was increased (P   Conclusions: Our results show that the mechanism of asthma exacerbations by influenza infection may result from neutrophilic inflammation rather than eosinophilic inflammation. Cytokines may play a role in neutrophilic inflammation.
Monoclonal Antibodies and Synthetic Tumor-Associated Glycoconjugates in the Study of the Expression of Thomsen-Friedenreich-Like and Tn-Like Antigens on Human Cancers&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: B M Longenecker, D J Willans, G D MacLean, S Selvaraj, M R Suresh, A A Noujaim
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Synthetic carbohydrate haptens, which are conjugated to carrier human serum albumin molecules [synthetic tumor-associated glycoconjugates (S-TAGs)], were used to immunize mice for monoclonal antibody (MoAb) production. Two of the S-TAGs were composed of haptens related to the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen, and their structures are beta Gal(1----3)-beta GalNAc (TF-beta) and beta Gal(1----3) alpha GalNAc (TF-alpha) (Gal = galactose; GaNAc = N-acetylgalactosamine). The third S-TAG was made up of Tn hapten groups of the structure alpha GalNAc-O-serine. MoAbs specific for TF-alpha and Tn were able to be generated. All MoAbs generated against TF-beta cross-reacted with TF-alpha but not with Tn. None of the TF-alpha-specific MoAbs reacted with human carcinomas, whereas several TF-beta and Tn MoAbs were found to react with most human lung, colon, and breast carcinomas. It is believed that this is the first report of the use of synthetic carbohydrate cancer antigens for the production of anticancer MoAbs.
Moscatilin, a novel tumor vascular-targeting agent, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: An-Chi Tsai, Shiow-Lin Pan, Shih-Wei Wang, Jih-Hwa Guh, Hui-Lung Sun, Yi-Nan Liu, Cho-Hwa Liao, Chien-Chih Chen, Che-Ming Teng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

B44   Selective disrupting the vascular network of tumors represented a critical approach to cancer treatment. Moscatilin, a bibenzyl derivative originally purified from the  India   orchid Dendrobrium loddigesii , has previously been reported to exert potent cytotoxic effect against human tumor cells. In this study, we investigated the apoptotic activity of moscatilin in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) by means of crystal violet, MTT assay, DAPI staining, and flow cytometry. Mosactilin was found to inhibit the growth of cultured proliferating HUVECs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner .  Cell cycle analysis showed G 2 /M phase arrest, and apoptosis in HUVECs following 24 h exposure to moscatilin. We performed both immunofluorescence staining of tubulin and  in vitro  tubulin assembly assay to show that moscatilin can inhibit microtubule assembly. Exposure of HUVECs to moscatilin showed an increase in the expression of MPM2, a marker of mitosis. Analysis of the cell cycle regulatory proteins demonstrated that moscatilin up-regulated the protein levels of cyclin B1, p53, p21 and down-regulated cdc25C, but did not change the steady-level of Cdc2. In addition, moscatilin also activated caspase-3, -7, -9 and proteolytic cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and increased that of growth arrest/death signals such as Bcl-2 and Bax. Finally, moscatilin significant inhibited VEGF- and bFGF-induced neovascularization using the mouse Matrigel implant model .  Results of  in vivo  tumor growth assay indicated that moscatilin inhibited human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line A549 growth and induces vascular shutdown within tumor. Base on these results, the ability of moscatilin to selectively induce apoptosis and growth arrest in endothelial cells potentially hints at vascular targeting to contribute to anticancer activity.
Albuterol-based premedication therapy for the prevention of cetuximab infusion-related reactions
Authors: F. Tra, M. R. Fesen, M. Pianalto, R. Nisly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

17040 Background: Albuterol-based premedication therapy for the prevention of Cetuximab infusion-related reactions. Purpose: To review the efficacy of inhalation albuterol prior to the infusion of cetuximab to prevent cetuximab hypersensitivity reactions. Summary: A retrospective single-site study was conducted of cetuximab therapy. Each patient was given a pretreatment regimen of IV diphenhydramine 25 mg, oral acetaminophen 1000 mg, IV ondansetron 8 mg, and inhalation albuterol via nebulizer 30 minutes before cetuximab infusion. The albuterol was given either in the form of albuterol/ipatropium (Duoneb) or levalbuterol (Xopenex) 0.63–1.25 mg. Development of the premedication regimen came about from concern of the high incidence of infusion-related reactions prior to the drug’s release. Noting that patients on cetuximab may experience bronchospasms and other respiratory side-effects, the albuterol-based premedication regimen was implemented. From the approval of cetuximab in February of 2004 to the end of the study in December of 2007, approximately 100 patients received cetuximab. Each patient received the albuterol-based premedication regimen with their initial infusions. Patients on cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab in combination with ironotecan were studied. Regardless of allergy history, demographics, stage of disease, or concurrent medications, there were no cases of infusion-related reactions. This is in stark contrast to the nationwide incidence of 3% infusion-related side-effects for cetuximab. Conclusion: Clinical foresight led to the development of a premedication regimen for cetuximab that may greatly decrease the incidence of infusion-related reactions. Though the risk for such reactions will always be present, universal introduction and application of this premedication regimen may increase patient safety while undergoing therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Clinical follow-up based on teleconsultation: Users' opinion
Authors: Valentina Isetta, Vera Lugo, Carmen León, Maria Dolores Nuñez, Maribel Sánchez, Daniel Navajas, Ramon Farré, Cristina Embid, Josep M. Montserrat
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

INTRODUCTION. The pressure to contain health costs leads to the need of more cost-effective patients’ management strategies. Alternative telemedicine-based approaches, such as teleconsultation, have been increasingly recognized as potential alternatives for patients’ clinical follow-up, but final users’ perception is still unclear.  AIM. To evaluate the patients and physicians’ opinion of a follow-up visit based on teleconsultation.  METHODS. We enrolled 50 consecutive Sleep Apnea patients who came to our sleep centre for a follow-up visit. After agreeing to participate, each patient was accompanied in front of an equipped PC and performed a teleconsultation with a physician. Once the televisit finalized, the patient answered anonymously to a multiple-choice questionnaire regarding his/her opinion about the teleconsultation. Besides, 15 randomly selected physicians performed a televisit at our hospital with patients and then were asked to give their opinion through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire (1=not useful, 5=very useful).  RESULTS. More than 90% of the patients were satisfied with the televisit and 66% answered that the televisit could replace 50-100% of the CPAP follow-up visits. Physicians’ answer to the question about the televisit utility to evaluate basic aspects of patient’s status was 4.5±0.6 (mean ± SD) and about the televisit capability to satisfactorily interview the patient was 4.3±0.8. Physicians believed that teleconsultations could avoid 47.5±21.9% of face-to-face medical visits.  CONCLUSION. The opinion of the interviewed patients and physicians about teleconsultation support the use of this telemedicine approach as a potential valuable strategy for patients’ clinical follow-up. (Support: SEPAR).
Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Huan J. Chang
Journal: JAMA (2010)

A tendon is a tough band of tissue that is attached to a muscle at one end and a bone at the other.The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles (gastrocnemius, soleus) to the heel bone (calcaneus).It is the largest tendon in the body and allows a person to walk, run, jump, stand on toes, and go up and down stairs.During running, it is subjected to increased loads of up to 12 times body weight.It is named after the Greek mythical hero Achilles, who was invulnerable everywhere except his heel and was eventually fatally wounded in the heel by an arrow.Since then, the term "Achilles' heel" has come to mean a person' s principal weakness.Achilles tendinopathy is a common overuse injury, accounting for 11% of all running injuries.The January 13, 2010, issue of JAMA includes a study reporting that injections of platelet-rich plasma were not effective for treating chronic Achilles tendinopathy.
Hypersensitivity to Foods among Birch Pollen‐Allergic Patients
Authors: HENNING LØWENSTEIN, NILS E. ERIKSSON
Journal: Allergy (1983)

Several statistical investigations have indicated that an immunological partial identity might exist between birch pollen and some foods because of the existence of concurrent hyper‐sensitivity symptoms to both sources. In order to study this, two groups of BP (birch pollen)‐allergic patients (20 with (F+) and 20 without (F‐) food hypersensitivity) were skin prick tested with extracts of various foods prepared in different ways. Sera from these patients were inhibited with different foods, including a lectin, Con A (concanavalin A), before analysis in BP‐RAST and ‐CRIE. Corresponding experiments using sera from grass pollen allergics were performed as controls. The two groups of patients showed identical skin reactivities to BP extract whereas the F+ patients bound twice as much BP‐specific IgE in RAST and CRIE as the F‐ patients. BP‐RAST performed with sera from F+ patients were in some cases inhibited with foods and Con A; corresponding BP‐CRIE‐were not. Neither BP‐RAST (with one exception) nor ‐CRIE performed with sera from F‐ patients were inhibited with foods and Con A. TP (timothy pollen)‐RAST performed with sera from timothy allergic patients were inhibited with some foods and with Con A; corresponding TP‐CRIE were not. Controls performed on sera from normal individuals revealed no inhibition at all in the BP and TP systems. As no direct evidence for immunological partial identity was found from these results the clinical hypersensitivity against some foods among BP‐allergics are discussed particularly regarding content of lectin in foods and common carbohydrate components in pollen allergens and food molecules.
Adenovirus-Mediated <i>p53</i> Gene Transfer in Sequence With Cisplatin to Tumors of Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: J. Nemunaitis, S.G. Swisher, T. Timmons, D. Connors, M. Mack, L. Doerksen, D. Weill, J. Wait, D.D. Lawrence, B.L. Kemp, F. Fossella, B.S. Glisson, W.K. Hong, F.R. Khuri, J.M. Kurie, J.J. Lee, J.S. Lee, D.M. Nguyen, J.C. Nesbitt, R. Perez-Soler, K.M. W. Pisters, J.B. Putnam, W.R. Richli, D.M. Shin, G.L. Walsh, J. Merritt, J. Roth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

To determine the safety and tolerability of adenovirus-mediated p53 (Adp53) gene transfer in sequence with cisplatin when given by intratumor injection in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Patients with advanced NSCLC and abnormal p53 function were enrolled onto cohorts receiving escalating dose levels of Adp53 (1 x 10(6) to 1 x 10(11) plaque-forming units [PFU]). Patients were administered intravenous cisplatin 80 mg/m(2) on day 1 and study vector on day 4 for a total of up to six courses (28 days per course). Apoptosis was determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl- transferase-dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Evidence of vector-specific sequences were determined using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Vector dissemination and biodistribution was monitored using a series of assays (cytopathic effects assay, Ad5 hexon enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, vector-specific polymerase chain reaction assay, and antibody response assay).Twenty-four patients (median age, 64 years) received a total of 83 intratumor injections with Adp53. The maximum dose administered was 1 x 10(11) PFU per dose. Transient fever related to Adp53 injection developed in eight of 24 patients. Seventeen patients achieved a best clinical response of stable disease, two patients achieved a partial response, four patients had progressive disease, and one patient was not assessable. A mean apoptotic index between baseline and follow-up measurements increased from 0.010 to 0.044 (P =.011). Intratumor transgene mRNA was identified in 43% of assessable patients.Intratumoral injection with Adp53 in combination with cisplatin is well tolerated, and there is evidence of clinical activity.
<italic>Brief Communication:</italic> Desmosterol in Rat Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems During Normal and Neoplastic Growth<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref>
Authors: T Narisawa, C Q Wong, J H Weisburger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Intrarectal administration of 0.5 ml of a 0.25 percent solution of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea twice seekly for 42 weeks to female inbred strain-2 guinea pigs induced large-bowel adenocarcinomas in 9 of 10 animals in 38-56 weeks. Controls did not show cancer. The lesions were infiltrative or constrictive, which distinguished them from chemically induced large-bowel cancers of rats and mice.
Karyotype, Marker Formation, and Oncogenicity in Mouse Plasmacytomas 2
Authors: June S. Shepard, Olive S. Pettengill, Doris H. Wurster-Hill, George D. Sorenson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Two common chromosome markers in the 2 plasmacytomas previously examined by Giemsa banding were consistently present in the mouse plasmacytoma X-5563, a transplantable hypertetraploid tumor of spontaneous origin in C3H mice. The 2 markers were found in both induced and spontaneous tumors and in either BALB/c or C3H mice. The derived cell line had 17 fewer chromosomes than the X-5563 tumor and was oncogenic, and its modal karyotype was identical to that of the tumor transmitted by the inoculation of the cell line. The homogeneity of a slight karyotypic modification in a second tumor suggested a possible clonal origin of that tumor. The high frequency of centric fusions between homologues and the structure of certain markers suggests that homologue association may precede marker formation. We proposed a second mechanism of marker formation, selective regional elongation, to account for the larger number of markers with proximal or distal elongations without evidence of translocation and for the observed alterations in length and banding pattern of markers after growth in vitro. Comparison of MOPC-21, MOPC-315, and X-5563 tumors showed preferential involvement of certain chromosomes in marker formation, an inferred association of the 2 common markers with an early stage in the origin of the 3 plasmacytomas, and consistent loss of an X chromosome. Loss of oncogenicity in cell lines was associated with a number of karyotypic changes, but did not require the loss of the characteristic markers or additional copies of a specific normal chromosome.
Vascular and cardiac reactivity in pulmonary hypertension due to chronic obstructive lung disease: assessment with various oxygen concentrations
Authors: A Saadjian, F Philip-Joet, S Levy, A Arnaud
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

The aim of the present work was to evaluate vasoreactivity in patients with pulmonary hypertension related to chronic obstructive lung disease. This was done by comparing haemodynamic data recorded while patients were breathing room air, and hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures. We estimated the role of vasoconstriction in determining the level of pulmonary hypertension. This study included 26 patients with moderate pulmonary hypertension mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) = 27.3 +/- 1.2 mmHg) secondary to chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) = 0.95 +/- 0.13 l; arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) = 8.7 +/- 0.25 kPa). After insertion of a thermodilution catheter in the pulmonary artery and a cannula in the femoral artery, mixtures containing 15, 21, 30 and 100% oxygen were randomly administered for 20 min each. As fractional inspiratory oxygen (FIO2) increased, MPAP decreased relatively less than cardiac index. Cardiac output was at its highest during room air breathing and the hypoxic mixture did not lead to a further increase. Unlike normal subjects, in whom adjustment of cardiac output is achieved by heart rate alone, haemodynamic regulation in these patients also involved stroke volume. Variations in MPAP and cardiac index were strongly correlated with arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). The greatest variations were noted in the patients with the highest pulmonary hypertension. Under normoxic and hyperoxic condition the relationship between pulmonary artery driving pressure and cardiac index was linear and its slope steeper in patients having the highest pulmonary hypertension at steady-state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Granulomatous reaction – A common cause of mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy in non-pulmonary malignancies
Authors: Arve Sundset, Inga Leuckfeld, Petter Giæver, Peter Jebsen, Anne Naalsund
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Intoduction:  Patients with non-pulmonary malignancies are followed with CT for exclusion of metastatic disease. Enlarged mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes can be signs of metastases.   Aim:  We report the outcome of 45 consecutive patients referred for EBUS-TBNA due to enlarged mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes detected on CT at clinical follow-up for non-pulmonary malignancies.   Material and methods:  EBUS-TBNA was performed 17 (0.5-116) months (median with range) following the primary diagnosis: 28 patients had epithelial malignancies, 6 melanomas, 6 lymphomas, 4 germinal cell carinomas, and 1 patient sarcoma.   Results:  In 45 patients, 90 mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes were punctured. In 6 lymph nodes no lymphocytes were detected (93.3% representative samples). Granulomatous reaction was found in 19 patients (42%), and in another 12 (27%), the lymph nodes were normal. In one patient, no lymphocytes and no malignant cells were present, and 24 months follow-up was uneventful. Metastases were seen in only 12 patients (27%), and in one patient a malignancy other than the primary tumor was detected. In 13 patients with colon cancer, the largest subgroup, metastases were found in 3.   Conclusions:  Cytopathological investigation of enlarged mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes in non-pulmonary malignancies is required to confirm the diagnosis, as the majority seem to be benign.
Regulation of WISP1 by profibrotic cytokines in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Stephan Klee, Verena Aumiller, Barbara Berschneider, Melanie Königshoff
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. IPF is characterized by alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cell dysfunction, enhanced (myo)fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition. Recently, we have shown that the Wnt-inducible signaling protein (WISP) 1 is upregulated in IPF and we identified WISP1 as a key regulator of experimental pulmonary fibrosis. The regulatory mechanisms involved in the induction of WISP1 expression, however, are poorly understood. In this study, we aim to investigate the regulation of WISP1 expression in healthy and fibrotic lung cells. Results: In silico promoter studies of WISP1 revealed several binding sites for various signaling pathways associated with pulmonary fibrosis, including canonical Wnt-, TGFβ- and Sonic Hedgehog signaling (TCF/LEF, Smad and GLI binding sites). Luciferase-based analysis of specific WISP1-promoter constructs confirmed these data. Moreover, stimulation of human primary fibroblasts (phF) and murine ATII-like cells with TGFβ led to an induction of WISP1 mRNA (fold change: 1.55±0.22 and 0.88±0.14, respectively). Furthermore, TGFβ treatment induced WISP1in a time- and dose-dependent manner in phF on transcript and protein level. Attenuation of TGFβ signaling by using the ALK4/5/7 inhibitor SB431542 resulted in reduced levels of WISP1 . Additionally, WISP1 was upregulated in phF by Wnt3a- and TNFα treatment. Conclusion: WISP1 expression is regulated by several profibrotic growth factors. TGFβ induced WISP1 through canonical signaling via ALK4/5/7. WISP1 thus represents a potential downstream mediator for therapeutic intervention in pulmonary fibrosis.
Validity of serum surfactant protein D as a lung-specific biomarker in monitoring asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis in Lebanese patients: Preliminary results
Authors: Rania Jounblat, Mirna Waked, Zeina Akiki, Pascale Salameh, Hasnaa Bouharoun-Tayoun, Ida Tornøe, Grith Lykke Sørensen, Soulaima Chamat
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an oligomeric lung-derived lectin with important roles in innate host defence. Previous studies have suggested serum SP-D as a reliable biomarker for inflammatory lung diseases.

Our objective was to validate for the first time in the Lebanese population, SP-D as a clinical biomarker for asthma, COPD and chronic bronchitis. In addition, we studied the correlation between SP-D level and the disease severity. A case-control study is being conducted in the Lebanese population. To date, 46 cases of asthma, 24 cases of COPD, 23 cases of chronic bronchitis patients and 46 controls have been analysed. Lung function measurements were performed by spirometry, a standardized questionnaire was filled and serum levels of SP-D, CRP and plasma fibrinogen levels were measured.

The mean level of SP-D was significantly elevated in asthmatics (1394.26 ng.ml-1; p = 0.023), in COPD patients (1507.24 ng.ml-1; p = 0.013) and in chronic bronchitis patients (1477.27 ng.ml-1; p = 0.007) when compared to controls (980.1 ng.ml-1). Serum SP-D levels correlated significantly with the disease severity only in COPD (p = 0.007). Conversely, levels of CRP and fibrinogen did not correlate with disease severity.

We conclude that SP-D could be used as a biomarker for asthma, COPD and chronic bronchitis and seems to be more specific than general systemic markers of inflammation, CRP and fibrinogen. The ongoing study should provide further information on the cut off values and/or absolute values of serum Sp-D reflecting the degree of inflammation in the investigated diseases.