tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The importance of histologic grade in long-term prognosis of breast cancer: a study of 1,010 patients, uniformly treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy.
Authors: G Contesso, H Mouriesse, S Friedman, J Genin, D Sarrazin, J Rouesse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

In a study of 1,010 patients with solitary, unilateral, nonmetastatic breast cancer, the histologic grade, assessed by a multifactorial analysis (Cox model) to study its significance with other prognostic factors, was found to be an important, independent factor. For 612 operable patients, two laboratory characteristics, the number of histologically positive nodes and the histologic grade, were the most valuable predictors. These two factors alone form a predictive index that may be an excellent and simple guide for the clinical decision of subsequent therapy. For 398 patients with inoperable breast cancer (ie, tumor greater than or equal to 7 cm, N2-3, inflammatory, skin fixation, and clinically rapidly growing forms), the histologic grade (performed on drill or cutting needle biopsy) was again a most important (and with inflammatory forms the most important) predictor of prognosis in these patients. Our data support that performing our modified histoprognostic grading of Scarff and Bloom is simple, reproducible, incurs no additional cost, may be carried out in the simplest histology laboratory, and finally, defines an important risk factor in all patients. It should be routine for all breast cancer specimens. Furthermore, studies of adjuvant therapy should stratify patients for this variable.
Retinoic Acid-Binding Protein in Human Breast Cancer and Dysplasia&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P. R. Huber, E. Geyer, W. Küng, A. Matter, J. Torhorst, U. Eppenberger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Seventy-five specimens of human breast tissue were checked for the presence of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (cRABP). Fifty-two percent of the primary carcinomas and 43% of the dysplastic breast lesions (stage MII) contained detectable amounts of crabp, whereas no cRABP was found in normal tissue. Sucrose gradient centrifugation and electrophoresis on agarose were used for analysis of the presence of cRABP. The cRABP of human origin (normal uterus and neoplastic mammary tissue) differed in its mobility in agarose electrophoresis from that of rat testis cRABP.
Serum levels of IL-10, IL-17F, and IL-33 in asthmatic patients of south India
Authors: Sareh Raeiszadeh Jahromi, P.A. Mahesh, B.S. Jayaraj, Subba Rao V. Madhunapantula, Amrutha D. Holla, N.B. Ramachandra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways in which the development of inflammation involves an intricate network of cytokines.  Objectives:  This study was aimed to compare serum levels of IL-10, IL-17F and IL-33 in asthmatic patients and non-asthmatic controls and correlate with asthma severity and various demographic, clinical, spirometric and laboratory variables.  Methods:  Asthmatics were diagnosed and classified as mild, moderate and severe persistent asthma according to GINA guidelines. Age and gender-matched healthy controls were selected from the general population. Using ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) method, serum levels of IL-10, IL-17F, and IL-33 were evaluated in 44 asthmatics and 44 non-asthmatic controls.  Results:  This is one of the first reports showing a significant difference in serum levels of three important cytokines associated with asthma, anti-inflammatory IL-10 and pro-inflammatory IL-17F and IL-33 in the same subset of asthmatic patients. Our results showed diminished level of IL-10 and elevated levels of IL-17F and IL-33 in asthmatics than in controls ( p  0.001). No correlation was observed with most of the demographic, clinical and laboratory variables for the levels of all the three cytokines. IL-17F was associated negatively to FVC% predicted (Forced Vital Capacity) and positively to number of allergens sensitized and FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in one second) reversibility.  Conclusion: The association between IL-17F and asthmatic phenotypes such as asthmatics with reduced FVC, higher degree of sensitization and post bronchodilator reversibility needs further evaluation.
Experimental airways hyperreactivity and modulation of glutamatergic and nitrergic signalling
Authors: Martina Antosová, Anna Strapková
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

In the literature is very little information on possible interactions of glutamatergic and nitrergic system in the airways hyperreactivity. Therefore, we focused on the monitoring of possible relationship of excitatory neurotransmission involving NMDA receptors and inhibitory nitrergic system with nitric oxide (NO) in the conditions of the ovalbumin-induced airways hyperreactivity. We used the agonist of NMDA receptors monosodium glutamate (MSG), non-specific inhibitor of NO synthases (NOS) Nω-nitro-L-arginine metylester (L-NAME) and aminoguanidine (AG) as inducible NOS (iNOS) selective inhibitor. Agents were administered to guinea pigs orally for 14 days. Thereafter, was evaluated the airways responsiveness to histamine or acetylcholine in in vitro conditions. We studied as well the changes in the levels of exhaled NO (eNO). Both NOS inhibitors showed more expressive effect on the airway reactivity to histamine, less to acetylcholine. Tracheal smooth muscle responded more considerably in comparison with the smooth muscle of the lung tissue. Both NOS inhibitors increased tracheal smooth muscle reactivity to histamine. MSG administration decreased this increased response. Aminoguanidine showed the effect on the lung tissue smooth muscle as well and its reactivity decreased. Aminoguanidine showed on the whole more significant effect compared with L-NAME indicating a role of iNOS for these conditions. The activation of NMDA receptor with MSG increased eNO levels. The simultaneous administration of NOS inhibitors with MSG decreased the eNO level. The results refer to the possibility of interaction of glutamatergic and nitrergic neurotransmission in experimental airway hyperreactivity.
Growth Properties and Susceptibility to Viral Transformation of Skin Fibroblasts From Individuals at High Genetic Risk for Colorectal Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;, &lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S Rasheed, M B Gardner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Growth characteristics and susceptibility to viral transformation were compared in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with Gardner's syndrome (GS), those with familial polyposis coli (FP), asymptomatic family members, and unrelated controls. Compared to cells from unrelated controls, cells from 4 of 5 GS patients were transformed by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus at 100- to 1,000-fold increased efficiency. The transformation efficiencies of fibroblasts from 2 of 3 FP patients were 10- to 100-fold greater than those of unrelated controls. However, because the fibroblasts from some of the young asymptomatic GS and FP family members also transformed at higher efficiency than did cells from unrelated controls, long-term observation of these families is required. This would determine whether or not these members develop clinical manifestations of GS or FP and thus establish the specificitiy of this assay for detection of individuals bearing the mutant gene. Compared to fibroblasts from unrelated controls, GS and FP fibroblasts showed a twofold to threefold increased saturation density and plating efficiency, but this difference was not noted with fibroblasts from most of the asymptomatic family members.
Cisplatin-cyclophosphamide versus carboplatin-cyclophosphamide in advanced ovarian cancer: a randomized phase III study of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group.
Authors: K Swenerton, J Jeffrey, G Stuart, M Roy, G Krepart, J Carmichael, P Drouin, R Stanimir, G O'Connell, G MacLean
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE Given the potential for improved tolerance, a trial was initiated to compare the toxicity and efficacy of a standard regimen of cisplatin-cyclophosphamide (75 mg/m2 and 600 mg/m2, respectively) with an experimental regimen of carboplatin-cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m2 and 600 mg/m2, respectively) in women with postoperative macroscopic residual ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1985 and 1989, 447 (417 eligible) patients were randomized. Treatment arms were well balanced; most patients had stage III (82%), grade 3 (54%) tumors with bulky residual (greater than 2 cm in 59%), and good performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] 0 or 1, 77%). Response was assessed after six 4-week cycles. RESULTS The treatments were equally deliverable, with 76% of patients completing their allocated regimen. The reported reasons for failure to complete treatment differed; toxicity/refusal predominated on the cisplatin arm, and progressive disease predominated on the carboplatin arm (P = .0092). Cisplatin-treated patients were more likely to develop neuropathy and nephropathy, and carboplatin patients experienced myelosuppression, particularly thrombocytopenia. Efficacy was similar, with no significant differences for the cisplatin and carboplatin arms in clinical response rate (57% v 59% in those with measurable disease), pathologic response rate (52% v 54% in those suitable for relaparotomy), time to progression (median, 56 v 58 weeks), or overall survival (median, 100 weeks v 110 weeks). Time to progression and survival were predicted by residual disease size, performance status, and treatment center (with those treated at centers that accrued more patients doing better). CONCLUSION Neither regimen is optimal in that relapse remains the norm. It may be inappropriate to expect that any single regimen can be an effective therapy for all patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Both cisplatin and carboplatin are likely to have a role in future treatment strategies.
Poisoning from toy beads
Authors: Jane L M Runnacles, John Stroobant
Journal: BMJ (2008)

We report a case of γ-hydroxybutyrate poisoning in a child from ingestion of toy beads.

A 7 year old girl presented to our emergency department with an acute life threatening hypoxic event after swallowing Bindeez toy beads given to her as a Christmas present. Paramedics found her with a reduced level of consciousness, and she had a respiratory arrest …
CPT-11 in combination with cisplatin for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: N Masuda, M Fukuoka, M Takada, Y Kusunoki, S Negoro, K Matsui, S Kudoh, N Takifuji, K Nakagawa, S Kishimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose and the dose-limiting toxicities of CPT-11, a new derivative of camptothecin, in combination with a fixed dose of cisplatin in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-seven previously untreated patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC were assessable for toxicity, and 26 were assessable for response. The initial dose of CPT-11 was 30 mg/m2 given as a 90-minute intravenous (IV) infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 in combination with cisplatin (80 mg/m2 IV on day 1) given every 4 weeks. The dose of CPT-11 was escalated in increments of 10 mg/m2 until severe or life-threatening toxic effects were observed. RESULTS Significant toxicity was infrequent up to 60 mg/m2 of CPT-11. The maximum-tolerated toxicity was reached at a dose of 70 mg/m2. Three of six patients either had leukocyte count nadirs of less than 2,000/microL or experienced grade 4 diarrhea during the first cycle of therapy at 70 mg/m2. The major toxic effects were leukopenia and diarrhea. There were 14 partial responses (54%) among the 26 patients. CONCLUSIONS A combination of CPT-11 and cisplatin seems to be effective against NSCLC with acceptable toxicities. The recommended dose for phase II studies is 60 mg/m2 of CPT-11 on days 1, 8, and 15, and 80 mg/m2 of cisplatin on day 1 every 4 weeks.
Incidence of parapneumonic pleural effusions (PPE) in children. A twenty year experience from a tertiary paediatric department
Authors: Fotios Kirvassilis, Kalliopi Kontouli, Elpis Hatziagorou, Charalampos Antachopoulos, Kleopas-Gerasimos Chatzicharalampous, Giorgina Tzanakaki, Dimos Gidaris, Emmanuel Roilides, John Tsanakas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Various reports have demonstrated increased incidence of PPEs in children.  Aim: To investigate the incidence of PPEs in our area.  Methods: Retrospective review of the records of children ≤ 14yrs hospitalized for PPE from 1-1994 to 12-2013. The annual rate and its change trend was evaluated. Culture, PCR results and PCV history were collected. Serotyping of  Streptococcus pneumoniae  isolates for 1, 3, 4, 6, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F was conducted routinely after 2006.  Results: 132 children 0.33-14 years old (mean age 4.85 years) with PPE were admitted. During this 20 years period, a continuously increasing annual rate was recorded (mean 3.1%, p=0.006 ).  Isolations either by culture or PCR were as follows:  Streptococcus pneumoniae  in 23 patients (3 belonged to serotype 1, 7 to serotype 3, 2 to serotype 19A and 1 to serotype 19F while, 10 were non-typable),  Streptococcus pyogenes  in 5 , Streptococcus agalactiae  in 1 , Streptococcus spp.  3 ,  MRSA in 1, coagulase-negative Staphylococci 2,  Haemophilus  non-typable 1. The mean hospital stay was 16.0 days. 86/132 (65.1%) patients needed drainage and 40/132(30.3%) given urokinase intrapleural infusion. 6/132 needed lung decortication. In 3 pts PPE complicated with sepsis, in 2 with ARDS, in 1 with uremic-hemolytic syndrome. 13 patients had pneumothorax, 21 bullae and 6 bronchial-pleural fistula.  Conclusion: PPE incidence with severe complications in children is increasing.
Nasal response to substance P and methacholine in subjects with and without allergic rhinitis
Authors: P Devillier, JF Dessanges, F Rakotosihanaka, A Ghaem, HA Boushey, A Lockhart, J Marsac
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

We compared the rise in nasal airway resistance (NAR) provoked by topical application of substance P (SP) and of methacholine (MCH) in seventeen patients suffering from rhinitis and fourteen control subjects. Challenges with SP or MCH were separated by a week or more. NAR was measured by posterior rhinomanometry before and 10 min after intranasal administration of SP (10-40 nmol) or MCH (3-12 mumol). The two groups of subjects had similar baseline levels of NAR and similar small responses to buffered saline. Substance P but not MCH provoked cutaneous flushing in all subjects. Both SP and MCH provoked a significantly greater increase in NAR in patients suffering from rhinitis than in control subjects. The increase in NAR was dose-dependent, and on a molar basis, SP was 375-500-fold more potent than MCH. Pretreatment with 200 micrograms of a topically active anticholinergic agent, oxytropium bromide, prevented the rise in NAR caused by 12 mumol of MCH but not that caused by 40 nmol of SP in six patients suffering from rhinitis. We conclude that SP is absorbed across the nasal mucosa and causes cutaneous vasodilation, that MCH and SP cause a greater rise in NAR in patients suffering from rhinitis than in control subjects, that SP is about 500-fold more potent than MCH in increasing NAR, and that the rise in NAR caused by SP is not mediated by postganglionic parasympathetic mechanisms.
Prevalence of antibodies to phleboviruses and flaviviruses in Peja, Kosovo
Authors: G. Venturi, A. Marchi, C. Fiorentini, N. Ramadani, G. Quaglio, A. Kalaveshi, L. Bertinato, G. Putoto, E. Benedetti, G. Rezza, M.G. Ciufolini
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Graham Percival Williams
Authors: T. Schofield
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Graham Percival Williams was a general practitioner at the Medical Centre, Shipston on Stour, Warwickshire, from 1964 to 1999. He was born in 1934 in Nuneaton, and when he was 6 years old, his home was bombed while the family were sheltering in their cellar. They all survived, but he was evacuated to stay with his grandparents in rural Herefordshire for the duration of the war. It was there that he developed his lifelong love of …
Ventilation, nutrition and survival in patients with motor neurone disease
Authors: David Sharpley, Robert Angus, Robert Parker
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background   Motor neurone disease (MND) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease with a number of predictable complications, including muscle weakness, respiratory failure, malnutrition and weight loss. Survival may be improved with initiation of non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Evidence for nutrition by gastrostomy is limited, although survival benefit over oral nutrition has been suggested.   Aim   To assess NIV use, radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) provision and survival in patients with MND.   Methods   Data were collected for all patients who underwent a first RIG for MND between July 2009 and July 2012.   Results   65 RIGs were placed in 55 different patients over this period. The 54 patients included for analysis were 55% male, had a mean (SD) age of 64.6 years (7.3) at diagnosis and 66.5 years (9.6) at first RIG placement. Time from MND diagnosis to RIG placement was 355 days (248), with mean BMI 22.5kg/m 2  (4.8) and estimated weight loss of 16% (11). 32% of patients were already established on NIV, whilst a further 25% were established during the same admission as RIG placement.  Thirty-day survival for allcomers following first attempt at RIG was 84% (n=46), with 3-month survival at 64% (n=35) and 6-month survival at 33% (n=18). Survival was greater post RIG for those without NIV compared with those using NIV.   Conclusion   Survival following RIG is poor, although 30-day survival was comparable to published data. This may be explained by advanced disease status, with 57% requiring NIV at the time of RIG placement. Nutrition and ventilation planning should start as early as possible through multidisciplinary assessment in order that the maximum benefit from the intervention can be achieved.
The potentiating effects of alcohol on driver injury
Authors: P. F. Waller
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Although it is well established that alcohol is associated with increased probability of traumatic injury, the assumption has been that the relationship is attributable to alcohol's impairment of judgment and psychomotor performance. Detailed analysis of data from over 1,000,000 crashes indicates that, when injury-related variables such as driver belt usage, vehicle deformation, mode of crash, speed, driver age, and vehicle weight are controlled, the drinking driver is still more likely to suffer serious injury or death compared to the nondrinking driver. These findings do not support the commonly held notion that alcohol is protective against injury but rather suggest that alcohol increases the vulnerability to injury in any given crash.
Maternal and neonatal consequences of treated and untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a prospective cohort study with an embedded randomised controlled trial
Authors: Brenda M Kazemier, Fiona N Koningstein, Caroline Schneeberger, Alewijn Ott, Patrick M Bossuyt, Esteriek de Miranda, Tatjana E Vogelvang, Corine J M Verhoeven, Josje Langenveld, Mallory Woiski, Martijn A Oudijk, Jeanine E M van der Ven, Manita T W Vlegels, Petra N Kuiper, Nicolette Feiertag, Eva Pajkrt, Christianne J M de Groot, Ben W J Mol, Suzanne E Geerlings
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2015)
The prevalence of clinically relevant micro-organisms in stable and exacerbated COPD using PCR techniques
Authors: Siobhan George, Davinder Garcha, Anant Patel, Alexander Mackay, Richa Singh, Raymond Sapsford, Gavin Donaldson, Wisia Wedzicha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Airway bacteria and viruses are aetiological triggers of COPD exacerbations. We investigated the prevalence of clinically relevant micro-organisms (CRMs: human rhinovirus (HRV), H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis and S. pneumoniae) in stable and exacerbated COPD using sensitive PCR techniques.  Reverse-transcription PCR and real-time PCR detected HRV and bacteria respectively, in sputum samples collected at baseline (n=57) and at exacerbation onset (n=70) using our usual symptomatic definition (Seemungal et al, 1998 AJRCCM). Exacerbation samples were taken prior to antibiotic and/or steroid therapy.  Fifty-four COPD patients provided 127 sputum samples: mean(SD) age 71(±8) years; FEV1 43.7%(±20.0%) predicted; current smoker 26%; male gender 63%. Airway CRMs were more prevalent at exacerbation than in the stable state (75% vs 42%, p  Co-infection in sputum is higher at COPD exacerbation compared to the stable state and 75% of exacerbations are associated with common CRMs. Further work is required to investigate the impact of co-infection on CRM load and the clinical utility of PCR techniques in managing COPD exacerbations.
Clinical characteristics in octogenarian patients with sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Salvador de la Torre Carazo, Rodrigo Alonso Moralejo, Antolina Gόmez Lόpez, Beatriz Arias Arcos, María Josefa Díaz de Atauri, Άngel Lόpez Encuentra, Trinidad Díaz Cambriles, Jesús Muñoz Menéndez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients of 80 years old or older at the moment of the study, evaluated in a Sleep Disorders Unit (SDU).

Methods: Transversal descriptive study in a 10 year period (2000-2010). All patients 80 years old or older at the moment of sleep study were included. SAHS was considered when AHI ≥ 10 and classified as severe if AHI ≥ 30.

Results: 144 (1.8%) out of 7989 patients studied in our SDU were ≥80 years old at the moment of the sleep study. No differences of gender were observed. The patients' characteristics expressed by mean ± standard deviation were: Age 82±1.7; BMI 33±4.3; neck circumference 41±9; Epworth 12.52±5.3. Snoring occur in 96%, witnessed apneas in 60%, nocturia in 93% and morning headaches in 47%. Principal comorbidities were hypertension 79%; dyslipidemia 29%; diabetes 32%; ischemic cardiovascular disease 15%; cerebrovascular disease 14%; arrhythmias 25%; 2% were active smokers and 3% had alcohol addiction. One or more comorbidities were observed in 127 patients (90.7%). Sleep studies consisted of: 65 polysomnographies (45%) and 79 polygraphies (55%) and the results, expressed in mean ± standard deviation, were: AHI 55.8±18.3; CT90 43±33.5 and ODI 42.8±22.8. SAHS was diagnosed in 135 patients (94%) and was severe in 95 (66%). Conservative treatment was prescribed to 52 patients (36%), while in 90 patients (62%) were prescribed CPAP and 2 patients (2%) non invasive ventilation.

Conclusion: Octogenarians represent only a small percentage of the population derived to our SDU. Most of them were symptomatic, had comorbidities and SAHS and, in more than a half of them, it was severe, being prescribed CPAP.
Mechanisms of Proliferative and Obliterative Vascular Diseases
Authors: ALFRED P. FISHMAN, MARK C. FISHMAN, BRUCE A. FREEMAN, MICHAEL A. GIMBRONE, MARLENE RABINOVITCH, DAVID ROBINSON, DOROTHY BERLIN GAIL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular Research Center and the Vascular Research Division, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Division of Heart and Vascular Disease and Division of Lung Disease, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland