tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PCI in noninfarction arteries reduced cardiac events in acute STEMI with multivessel coronary disease
Authors: Richard Brown, Gregory Y.H. Lip
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal ClubDecember 17, 2013PCI in noninfarction arteries reduced cardiac events in acute STEMI with multivessel coronary diseaseRichard Brown, MBBS, Gregory Y.H. Lip, MDRichard Brown, MBBSUniversity of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, England, UK (R.B., G.Y.L.)Search for more papers by this author, Gregory Y.H. Lip, MDUniversity of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, England, UK (R.B., G.Y.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-02003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationWald DS, Morris JK, Wald NJ, et al; PRAMI Investigators. Randomized trial of preventive angioplasty in myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1115-23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23991625Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: References1 Jensen LO, Thayssen P, Farkas DK, et al. Culprit only or multivessel percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease. EuroIntervention. 2012;8:456-64. [PMID: 22917729] Google Scholar2 Reynolds HR, Hochman JS. Cardiogenic shock: current concepts and improving outcomes. Circulation. 2008;117:686-97. [PMID: 18250279] Google Scholar3 Task Force on the Management of ST-segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), Steg PG, James SK, et al. ESC guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:2569-619. [PMID: 22922416] Google Scholar4 Mylotte D, Morice MC, Eltchaninoff H, et al. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, and cardiogenic shock: the role of primary multivessel revascularization. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:115-25. [PMID: 23352816] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, England, UK (R.B., G.Y.L.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics December 17, 2013Volume 159, Issue 12Page: JC3KeywordsAnginaAngioplastyArteriesConvalescenceCoronary arteriesCoronary artery bypass graftingFatigueForecastingHeartHeart diseasesInfarctionLesionsMyocardial infarctionPercutaneous coronary interventionSafetySafety studiesStable coronary artery diseaseStenosis Issue Published: December 17, 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah virus among pig-farmers in Malaysia
Authors: Kaw Bing Chua, Khean Jin Goh, Kum Thong Wong, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Patrick Seow Koon Tan, Thomas G Ksiazek, Sherif R Zaki, George Paul, Sai Kit Lam, Chong Tin Tan
Journal: The Lancet (1999)
P99 Impact of TB cluster investigation in a new migrant community
Authors: C Browne, ML Munang, JS Evans, EG Smith, S Khanom, P Hawkey, H Kunst, S Welch, M Dedicoat
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3></h3> In a high incidence area of tuberculosis (TB), clinicians and nurses identified a sharp increase in the number of TB cases originating from a single country in March 2012 (average 3 per year in 2006–2008, 9 per year in 2009–2010, 20 cases in 2011 and 13 cases to March 2012). We undertook a social network approach to identify whether recent transmission had occurred. 56/66 (85%) cases from 2009 onwards were interviewed in their homes and perceptions of TB were explored. Median number of years in the UK was 4 years (IQR 2–5). Socialisation occured mainly in private homes and places of worship, with 44/56 (78%) attending 9 places of worship. Twenty-three cases could be epidemiologically linked to an index case who was a prominent community member who had been symptomatic for 10 months. 24 loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTRs) strain typing was available in 19/24 (79%). Twelve had identical strain type to the index case. Six cases unexpectedly clustered in 4 other strain types. As a result of the cluster investigation the TB service were invited to talk at a religious service and two community members became crucial in raising awareness. An additional 77 contacts identified themselves for screening with 59 (77%) completing investigations. Sixteen latent TB cases were treated, 7 were given BCG vaccination and 13 are still undergoing assessment. Cluster investigation builds relationships and trust to provide accessible TB services in diverse communities. This new migrant community now has a high awareness of TB and future delays in TB diagnosis can be avoided.
CD25 Blockade Depletes and Selectively Reprograms Regulatory T Cells in Concert with Immunotherapy in Cancer Patients
Authors: Andrew J. Rech, Rosemarie Mick, Sunil Martin, Adri Recio, Nicole A. Aqui, Daniel J. Powell, Theresa A. Colligon, Jennifer A. Trosko, Leah I. Leinbach, Charles H. Pletcher, Carol K. Tweed, Angela DeMichele, Kevin R. Fox, Susan M. Domchek, James L. Riley, Robert H. Vonderheide
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

CD25 monoclonal antibody therapy rapidly and durably depletes T regs in cancer patients through a mechanism consistent with reprogramming.
More clinics for younger people needed to reduce sex infections
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Sex education in schools needs to be improved and the number of clinics for young people increased if the substantial rise in sexually transmitted infection in the United Kingdom is to be tackled properly, the BMA has said.

The association's Board of Science and Education is calling for a substantial investment in education services, improved training for healthcare staff, and better prevention and treatment services after reports of a large rise in infections, particularly among teenage women and among men who have sex with men.

“We need to get the message across to young people that there is still no …
Portal fibrosis in the livers of alcoholic patients.
Authors: M Y Morgan, S Sherlock, P J Scheuer
Journal: Gut (1978)

Liver biopsies in nine of 70 male alcoholics seen during a 12 month period showed predominantly portal fibrosis with fatty change, but little or no alcoholic hepatitis. None of the 30 female alcoholics seen during the same period showed this appearance. The nine men were younger and of lower socioeconomic class than the other male alcoholics, but had similar alcoholic history. Seven of the nine had chronic pancreatitis, diagnosed in six patients on the results of the pancreatic scan, Lundh meal and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and in one because of pancreatic calcification and steatorrhoea. Serum tests for hepatitis B surface antigen were negative but five showed hepatitis B antibody. Four had serological evidence of previously treated or active syphilis compared with only one of the remaining 61 male alcoholics. Two had pulmonary tuberculosis and both had received isoniazid. Four of the other 61 alcoholics gave a history of tuberculosis similarly treated. At least one cause for the portal fibrosis other than primary alcoholic liver disease was found in all nine patients. Portal fibrosis in an alcoholic in the absence of severe alcoholic hepatitis should lead to a search for other causal factors. In particular, chronic pancreatitis should be excluded even if the patient is asymptomatic.
Paradoxes of the EphB4 Receptor in Cancer
Authors: Nicole K. Noren, Elena B. Pasquale
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Recent findings have started to uncover the intriguing roles of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases in normal epithelial cells and during oncogenic transformation. This review focuses on EphB4, an Eph receptor that has both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting activities in breast cancer. Understanding the multifaceted role of EphB4 in tumorigenesis may allow the development of new anticancer therapies. [Cancer Res 2007;67(9):3994–7]
Duncan Martyn Watney
Authors: M. A. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Duncan Martyn Watney came from the third generation of doctors. He never really thought that there was any other career for him, pursuing it to the best of his ability through 31 years in general practice in Crowborough. Having had all the advantages—a superb education at Winchester College, Trinity College, Cambridge, and St George’s Hospital, to which he won a scholarship, and then short service in the Royal Navy—he always felt that that he should pay back to society some of the debt he owed, and it was this that motivated his life.

His chosen career was general practice since he also had a very strong belief that a general practitioner was able to get closer to his patients than almost any other specialist. …
Comparative Effectiveness Research Paradigm: Implications for Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Melissa C. Brouwers, Lehana Thabane, David Moher, Sharon E. Straus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Purpose The objectives of this article are (1) to examine the similarities and differences between comparative effectiveness research (CER) and evidence-based medicine (EBM); (2) to describe the implications of CER for systematic review methodologies in oncology; and (3) to address the transition from systematic reviews to guideline development and the implications of CER in this process. Method An analysis of the principles and methods of CER was undertaken in light of EBM, systematic reviews, and guidelines. Results and Conclusion There is considerable overlap between the principles and methods of the two paradigms. The focus on best care options in the context of routine practice is a more central tenet of the CER paradigm. Thus, its value is not that it is the first paradigm to recognize the importance of a patient-focused approach in the research community, but rather, given the attention it has garnered, the CER paradigm may be precisely the reminder and push required to: one, influence how systematic questions are framed so that a more patient-relevant perspective is achieved; two, broaden the types of study designs that are valued and to include those, such as pragmatic trials and observational studies, that are better able to answer effectiveness questions; three, accelerate the development and application of statistical methods that enable indirect comparisons of cancer care options; and four, create clinical practice guidelines that are better positioned to improve quality of care and system performance. Over time, we will see if the CER paradigm lives up to its potential.
Hepatocellular adenoma management and phenotypic classification: The Bordeaux experience
Authors: Paulette Bioulac‐Sage, Hervé Laumonier, Gabrielle Couchy, Brigitte Le Bail, Antonio Sa Cunha, Anne Rullier, Christophe Laurent, Jean‐Frédéric Blanc, Gaelle Cubel, Hervé Trillaud, Jessica Zucman‐Rossi, Charles Balabaud, Jean Saric
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We took advantage of the reported genotype/phenotype classification to analyze our surgical series of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). The series without specific known etiologies included 128 cases (116 women). The number of nodules varies from single, <5, and ≥5 in 78, 38, and 12 cases, respectively. The resection was complete in 95 cases. We identified 46 HNF1α-inactivated HCAs (44 women), 63 inflammatory HCAs (IHCA, 53 women) of which nine were also β-catenin–activated, and seven β-catenin–activated HCAs (all women); six additional cases had no known phenotypic marker and six others could not be phenotypically analyzed. Twenty-three of 128 HCAs showed bleeding. No differences were observed in solitary or multiple tumors in terms of hemorrhagic manifestations between groups. In contrast, differences were observed between the two main groups. Steatosis (tumor), microadenomas (resected specimen), and additional benign nodules were more frequently observed in HNF1α-inactivated HCAs (P < 0.01) than in IHCAs. Body mass index > 25, peliosis (tumor), and steatosis in background liver were more frequent in IHCA (P < 0.01). After complete resection, new HCAs in the centimetric range were more frequently found during follow-up (>1 year) in HNF1α-inactivated HCA. After incomplete resection (HCA left in nonresected liver), the majority of HCA remained stable in the two main groups and even sometimes regressed. Six patients of 128 developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (all were β-catenin–activated, whether inflammatory or not). Conclusion: There were noticeable clinical differences between HNF1α–inactivated HCA and IHCA; there was no increased risk of bleeding or HCC related to the number of HCAs; β-catenin–activated HCAs are at higher risk of HCC. As a consequence, we believe that management of HCA needs to be adapted to the phenotype of these tumors. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Radiotherapy in UK is feared and underused
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Radiotherapy has an image problem, says a newly created pressure group. The National Radiotherapy Awareness Initiative reports that less than a 10th of people in the United Kingdom regard the intervention as a “modern cancer treatment.” This and other negative views of radiotherapy may be contributing to its underuse in cancer treatment in Britain.

The claim is made on the basis of a YouGov online survey of 2000 UK adults. The survey has also unearthed the equally dispiriting finding that only 15% of people see radiotherapy as a precise form of …
Long-term longitudinal study of intrahepatic hepatitis C virus replication after liver transplantation
Authors: V di Martino, F Saurini, D Samuel, M Gigou, E Dussaix, M Reynes, H Bismuth, C Feray
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation is common and can lead to severe liver diseases. Although immunosuppression and high levels of viremia suggest a direct pathogenicity of hepatitis C virus (HCV), the relations between viral replication and long-term histological course are still unknown. Thirty-three patients with a mean histological follow-up of 3.5 years (3 months - 8.6 years) were analyzed. Nineteen patients were infected by genotype 1b. Liver HCV RNA was determined in parallel with the quantitation of an internal control (28S ribosomal RNA) by competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Lobular hepatitis (LH) and chronic active hepatitis (CAH) occurred in 27 and 19 patients, respectively. Levels of liver HCV RNA determined in 84 biopsies were higher in cases of LH than in the other patterns (82 +/- 123 vs. 19 +/- 38; P < .01) and were unrelated to the genotype. Progression from LH to CAH was associated with a highly significant decrease of liver HCV RNA (P = .006), which was not observed in patients with stable histology. Among patients with CAH, those infected by genotype 1b had more severe liver damage and lower levels of liver HCV RNA than others (P = .04). Multivariate analysis showed that high levels of liver HCV RNA at the time of the first posttransplantation biopsy was an independent predictor of CAH (P = .01). After liver transplantation, the progression to CAH together with a decrease of liver HCV RNA suggests that a host's response is involved in the long-term viral pathogenicity. This response may be stronger and liver disease more severe in patients with high levels of replication at the time of LH and in those infected by genotype 1b.
Fleischner Lines and Pulmonary Emboli
Authors: MURRAY G. BARON
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Fleischner lines are often the only roentgen evidence of pulmonary embolization, particularly when the emboli are small. The linear shadows are cast by focal areas of atelectasis viewed on end. The atelectasis is an indirect manifestation of the vascular occlusion and is due to obstruction of a subsegmental bronchus by retained secretion or by hemorrhagic exudate. Although Fleischner lines are not seen in every case of pulmonary embolization, when present, and especially when bilateral, they are definitely suggestive of the diagnosis.
Ethicist on the ward round
Authors: Daniel K Sokol
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Not so long ago in the BMJ I quipped that most professional medical ethicists could not distinguish their “gluteus maximus from their lateral epicondyle” and suggested that such ethicists should undergo a short clinical attachment ( BMJ 2006, 333:1226 doi: 10.1136/bmj.39055.658762.59).

Soon after publication, a nephrologist kindly invited me to observe a ward round at his hospital. It proved to be a puzzling experience, not because the blood gases, creatinine levels, diagnostic tests, and myriad statistics recited by a junior doctor sounded like one of Mallarme's incomprehensible poems, but because, as the afternoon progressed, I noticed the patient-as-person fading behind this shroud of science. I felt comfortable with my consultant, my team with their dangling stethoscopes, the all-knowing computer wheeled by the bedside, and the timid patient, dwarfed by our confident crowd. Ethics seemed a million miles away.

This absence of ethics was most puzzling of all. I spend my days thinking, teaching, and writing about medical ethics, but there, in a group of doctors and with the patient before me, …
511 INCREASED SHEAR STRESS ALONE CAN INDUCE HEPATIC PROLIFERATION IN NORMAL LIVERS
Authors: Y.-D. Fan, C. Chen, D. Meester, J. Van Huysse, S. Dewaele, V. Vanhooren, C. Libert, M. Praet, F. Roels, B. de Hemptinne
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Contraction modulates the capacity for protein synthesis during growth of neonatal heart cells in culture.
Authors: P J McDermott, H E Morgan
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Neonatal ventricular myocytes that were incubated in a well-defined serum-free medium containing 50 mM KCl did not contract and maintained stable cell size, as assessed by the protein/DNA ratio. The present study utilized KCl-arrested cells to examine the effect of constant rates of synchronous contraction in normal [K+]o (4 mM) as a physiological stimulus for myocyte growth. Cell growth increased following the onset of contraction when measured over 3 days. The rate of protein synthesis was accelerated in parallel by contraction, but the rate of protein degradation remained similar to rates in noncontracting cells. The capacity for protein synthesis was estimated by total RNA content and was increased in contracting as compared with KCl-arrested cells. This increase was accompanied by faster rates of RNA synthesis as determined from the incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA and the specific activity of the cellular UTP pool. The rate of RNA degradation was accelerated during contraction but the difference between the rates of RNA synthesis and degradation resulted in net RNA accumulation of 49% after 3 days. These data demonstrated that 1) contractile activity stimulated myocyte growth through an increased capacity for protein synthesis and 2) the increased capacity for protein synthesis involved acceleration of the rate of RNA synthesis. Since enhancement of protein synthetic capacity is a common feature of myocyte hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro, this model can be used to examine the regulation of ribosome synthesis during hypertrophic growth.
Renin Release in Patients with Benign Essential Hypertension
Authors: YOSHIHIRO KANEKO, TAKAO IKEDA, TADANAO TAKEDA, GOSUKE INOUE, HRROSHI TAGAWA, HIDEO UEDA
Journal: Circulation (1968)

In 16 of 28 patients with benign essential hypertension, reduction of mean arterial pressure to 75 to 120 mm Hg by infusion of sodium nitroprusside caused significant increase in renin release estimated by the renal-systemic difference of renin activity and renal plasma flow (RPF). The threshold at which renin release increased was shifted to a range that was intermediate between that previously reported for normotensive subjects and that for patients with renovascular hypertension, but the average magnitude of renin release was almost comparable to that in normotensive subjects. In the other 12 patients, no significant renin release occurred during reduction in pressure of comparable degree. The difference in renin release was difficult to explain by the difference in severity of hypertensive disease or in sodium excretion, but increased renin release was usually associated with a decrease in RBF and a rise in renal vascular resistance, while insignificant release was usually associated with an insignificant change in RBF and a decrease in resistance. The average known duration of hypertension was significantly greater in the unresponsive patients. It is suggested that renal sympathetic nerve activity may be a factor in the variations in renin release in patients with essential hypertension.
Gelatin-encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles for platinum (IV) prodrug delivery, enzyme-stimulated release and MRI
Authors: Ziyong Cheng, Yunlu Dai, Xiaojiao Kang, Chunxia Li, Shanshan Huang, Hongzhou Lian, Zhiyao Hou, Pingan Ma, Jun Lin
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Increase of Nuclear Ceramide through Caspase-3-Dependent Regulation of the “Sphingomyelin Cycle” in Fas-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Mitsumasa Watanabe, Toshiyuki Kitano, Tadakazu Kondo, Takeshi Yabu, Yoshimitsu Taguchi, Masaro Tashima, Hisanori Umehara, Naochika Domae, Takashi Uchiyama, Toshiro Okazaki
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Regardless of the existence of ceramide-related molecules, such as sphingomyelin (SM), neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase), and SM synthase, in the nucleus, the regulation of ceramide in the nucleus is poorly understood in stress-induced apoptosis. In Fas-induced Jurkat T-cell apoptosis, we found a time- and dose-dependent increase of ceramide content in the nuclear and microsomal fractions. Fas-induced increase of ceramide content in the nucleus also was detected by confocal microscopy using anticeramide antibody. Activation of nSMase and inhibition of SM synthase were evident in the nuclear fraction after Fas cross-linking, whereas nSMase was activated, but SM synthase was not affected, in the microsomal fraction. Pretreatment with d-609, a putative SM synthase inhibitor, enhanced Fas-induced increase of ceramide in the nucleus and induction of apoptosis along with increase of Fas-induced inhibition of nuclear SM synthase. Fas-induced activation of caspase-3 was detected in the nuclear fraction and in whole cell lysate. A caspase-3 inhibitor, acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-chloromethyl ketone, blocked not only Fas-induced increases of apoptosis and ceramide content but also Fas-induced activation of nSMase and inhibition of SM synthase in the nuclear fraction. Taken together, it is suggested that the nucleus is a site for ceramide increase and caspase-3 activation in Fas-induced Jurkat T-cell apoptosis and that caspase-3-dependent regulation of the “SM cycle” consisting of nSMase and SM synthase plays a role in Fas-induced ceramide increase in the nucleus.
INSECTS AND WAR: V.--FLIES. (1) THE HOUSE-FLY (Musca domestica)
Authors: A. E. Shipley
Journal: BMJ (1914)

L_T i case with wllicll it miiay be obtained, sawdust is very absorbent.Tlle pacds aro someewhat bulkv, btit tllis feature, witlh careful managemient, is seldom inconvenient.The dischliarge is so evenly distributed tllroughout tlhe mass of sawdust, that tlle bandages and bedclothes are not soiled, nearly so quticikly as tlley are with other forms of dressing.'rllc resini of tlle wood seems to act as a deodorizer, and probably also as an antiseptic.Sawduist is welladapted for civil or stationary military hospitals.Its extensive use at the present time wouLld save hunmdreds of pouniids.Otlher materials more portable, btut mnore expensive, mighlt be reserved mainly for field use.