tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physiological-social scoring is important in pandemic flu
Authors: Kirsty Challen, John Bright, Andrew Bentley, Darren Walter
Journal: BMJ (2006)

One-time general consent for research on biological samples Opt out system for patients is optimal and endorsed in many countriesEditor-Wendler's valuable overview of empirical studies of patients' preferences about the use of residual (leftover) tissue for research is not complete. 1 The discussion has already been settled by legislation in many countries.In 2004 the Danish act on patient rights was amended with an opt out system for using residual tissue for research.In 2004 the US Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) issued guidance that research on residual tissue which is anonymous to the researcher is not human subject research and therefore the tissue can be used without consent. 2Earlier the Dutch Federation of Medical Research Societies' code of conduct on research with residual tissue drafted with patients' organisations had an opt out system for research on samples anonymous to the researcher. 3 In the recent UK Human Tissue Act no form of consent is needed for the use of fully anonymous or coded (or linked) residual tissue that is anonymous to the researcher, provided that an ethical review board has permitted the study.The more restrictive provisions in the original bill were amended also because of pressure from patient groups afraid that research to their benefit would be hampered by the proposed consent system.Wendler emphasises autonomy and argues that one-time consent protects the autonomy of individuals and protects them from serious risks.There are two major arguments against this.Firstly, autonomy should be balanced against other values such as the interests of patients who might benefit from this research. 4 Secondly, autonomy as such cannot protect individuals from risks but only from risks they do want to carry.Research on residual tissue, whether anonymous or anonymously used and being coded, does not carry any risks to individuals.Ethical review boards should oversee that sufficient measures have been taken to ensure that the samples used in research remain anonymously used.It should be possible to enrich data from tissue research with patient data.Fully anonymising samples, as suggested by Wendler, is a waste of valuable information.
CIRCULATION IN VARICOSE ULCER
Authors: Edgar F. Cyriax
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I was much interested in the short notice of Dr. Morris Kahn on "A Method of Improving Circulation in Varicose Ulcers" (The Journal, May 3, 1924, p. 1442). I must point out, however, that the process described is merely a crude form of the manual treatment of ulcers and war wounds, the technic for which was described by me in the<i>New York Medical Journal</i><b>93</b>:978, 1911;<i>Medical Press and Circular</i><b>99</b>:291, 1915, and the<i>Practitioner</i><b>100</b>:491, 1918, all recently reprinted in my "Collected Papers on Mechano-Therapeutics," 1924. Even massage pure and simple has been described in medical literature as a treatment for ulcers, at intervals during the last thirty years.
THE CONVEYANCE OF WHOOPING-COUGH FROM MAN TO ANIMALS BY DIRECT EXPERIMENT
Authors: H. A. Macewen
Journal: BMJ (1908)

COUGH FROM1 MAN TO ANIMALS. [Jiii.g, r9.begins to arise the ana.esthetlst's troubles are over, but Zovement of the patilent by commencing to wheel the couclh along or to prepare the abdomen for operation at this noment is apt to Induce vomiting, so that the ether dhould be continued a little longer before doing either.TYPE OF ANAESTSIzsA.The remarkable difference in the type of anaesthesia when compared with that of the enclosed bag method-is now apparent.The amount of mucus secreted in the mouth and fauces, trachea, and bronchi, is generally much less.There seems to be no tendency to coughing, retching, or laboured breathing; the depth of respiration is decidedly less in degree, and sudden changes in its type are rare.The colour of the face Is pink, unless surgical shock or haemorrhage take place.The pulse-rate Is, as a rule, about 80 to the minute, and Its volume full, whilst the blood pressure is well maintained.There Is no oozing of venous blood from the operation wound nor congestion of the capillary vessels.The mus- culature becomes-completely relaxed, and reflex laryngeal spasm and disturbances of respiration caused by surgical stimuli are less marked than under any other anaesthetic.Abdominal movement Is not heaving in character.AFTER EFFECTS.
Early differentiation of infarcted and noninfarcted reperfused myocardium in dogs by quantitative analysis of regional myocardial echo amplitudes.
Authors: R V Haendchen, K Ong, M C Fishbein, W Zwehl, S Meerbaum, E Corday
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

This study tests the hypothesis that ischemic but viable reperfused myocardium can be differentiated from infarcted reperfused myocardium by regional analysis of myocardial echo amplitudes. In eight closed-chest, anesthetized dogs, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 3 hours, followed by 1 hour of reperfusion, and sacrifice. Infarct size was measured by the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride technique in a 1-cm-thick mid-left ventricular transverse slice, and matched with a corresponding end-diastolic two-dimensional echo short-axis cross-section. Outlining of epi- and endocardial surfaces, along with construction of a mid-myocardial outline, allowed measurements of regional myocardial echo intensities and grey-level histograms in subendo- and subepicardial regions. In 36 eventually infarcted subendocardial segments (greater than 20% wall necrosis), average pixel intensity (arbitrary units) was 73.7 +/- 33.1 (SD) in control, 75.8 +/- 33.0 at 3 hours of occlusion, and 107.8 +/- 40.9 at 5 minutes, 105.5 +/- 38.9 at 15 minutes, and 101.1 +/- 37.6 at 60 minutes postreperfusion P less than 0.05 vs. control or occlusion); intensity in normal segments (no or less than 20% wall necrosis) was 60.0 +/- 18.6 in control, 57.4 +/- 20.3 at 3 hours of occlusion, and 63.5 +/- 14.8, 68.0 +/- 27.9, and 64.2 +/- 22.3 at 5, 15, and 60 minutes postreperfusion, respectively (no significant change). The skew of the grey-level distribution in infarcted subendocardial segments did not change from control (0.49 +/- 0.72) to 3 hours of occlusion (0.41 +/- 0.52), but decreased (shift to higher echo amplitude) significantly at 5 minutes (-0.31 +/- 0.53), 15 minutes (-0.22 +/- 0.50), and 60 minutes (-0.28 +/- 0.45) after reperfusion (P less than 0.05 vs. control or occlusion); in normal subendocardial segments, there was no significant change throughout the study. In 31 partly infarcted subepicardial segments (greater than 50% wall necrosis), changes in postreperfusion echo amplitudes were less significant. Average pixel intensity was 71.3 +/- 28.6 in control, 71.8 +/- 29.2 after coronary occlusion, and 89.2 +/- 35.3, 83.7 +/- 37.5, and 85.6 +/- 34.9 at 5, 15, and 60 minutes after reperfusion, respectively. It is concluded that reperfusion of irreversibly injured myocardium is associated with consistent early increase in regional myocardial echo intensities and changes in the grey-level distribution. Such alterations might be used to detect the extent of tissue necrosis within minutes after reperfusion.
Analysis of the relationships between environmental factors (aeroallergens, air pollution, and weather) and asthma emergency admissions to a hospital in Mexico City
Authors: I. Rosas, H. A. McCartney, R. W. Payne, C. Calderón, J. Lacey, R. Chapela, S. Ruiz‐Velazco
Journal: Allergy (1998)

There have been several studies of the relationships between environmental factors, particularly air pollution, and attacks of asthma. Most of these studies have ignored the potential confounding effects of aeroallergens such as pollens and fungal spores. We report a statistical analysis of the relationships between emergency admissions for asthma to a hospital in Mexico City and daily average airborne concentrations of pollen, fungal spores, air pollutants (O3, NO2, SO2, and particulates) and weather factors. Asthma admissions had a seasonal pattern with more during the wet season (May-October) than the dry season (November-April). There were few statistical associations between asthma admissions and air pollutants for the three age groups studied (children under 15 years, adults, and seniors [adults over 59 years]) in either season. Grass pollen was associated with child and adult admissions for both the wet and dry seasons, and fungal spores were associated with child admissions during both the wet and dry seasons. The analysis was done with environmental data averaged over the day of admission and the 2 previous days. Our results suggest that aeroallergens may be statistically associated more strongly with asthma hospital admissions than air pollutants and may act as confounding factors in epidemiologic studies.
Oestrogen receptor content of normal breast cells and breast carcinomas throughout the menstrual cycle
Authors: C. Markopoulos, U. Berger, P. Wilson, J.-C. Gazet, R C. Coombes
Journal: BMJ (1988)

To examine the presence and distribution of oestrogen receptors in the normal breast during the menstrual cycle cytological samples obtained by fine needle aspiration from 69 premenopausal women with normal breasts were analysed immunocyto-chemically with a monoclonal antibody to oestrogen receptor; samples from 15 postmenopausal women were also analysed. The receptor content of breast cancers from 83 premenopausal women was also determined in relation to when during the menstrual cycle excision was performed. In the normal premenopausal women oestrogen receptors were detected in the nuclei of epithelial cells in 21 out of 68 (31%) assessable samples. All 21 of these samples were obtained from the 35 women who were studied during the first half of their menstrual cycle (days 28 to 14). None of the 33 samples obtained during the second half of the cycle contained oestrogen receptors. Samples were assessable in eight of the postmenopausal women, six giving a positive result for oestrogen receptor. Fifty one of the 83 carcinomas were positive for oestrogen receptor, 24 having been excised during the first half of the cycle and 27 during the second half. Production of oestrogen receptor protein is suppressed at the time of ovulation in the normal breast epithelium of premenopausal women. In contrast, breast carcinoma cells either synthesise this protein continuously throughout the cycle or fail to express it despite fluctuations of serum hormone concentrations.
Defective endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling is mediated by rho-kinase activation in rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Go Anegawa, Hirofumi Kawanaka, Daisuke Yoshida, Kozo Konishi, Shohei Yamaguchi, Nao Kinjo, Akinobu Taketomi, Makoto Hashizume, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Yoshihiko Maehara
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

In liver cirrhosis, down-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been implicated as a cause of increased intrahepatic resistance. We investigated whether Rho-kinase activation is one of the molecular mechanisms involved in defective eNOS signaling in secondary biliary cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). We measured mean arterial pressure (MAP), portal venous pressure (PVP), and hepatic tissue blood flow (HTBF) during intravenous infusion of saline (control), 0.3, 1, or 2 mg/kg/hour fasudil for 60 minutes. In BDL rats, 1 and 2 mg/kg/hour fasudil significantly reduced PVP by 20% compared with controls but had no effect on HTBF. MAP was significantly reduced in response to 2 mg/kg/hour fasudil. In the livers of BDL rats, 1 and 2 mg/kg/hour fasudil significantly suppressed Rho-kinase activity and significantly increased eNOS phosphorylation, compared with controls. Fasudil significantly reduced the binding of serine/threonine Akt/PKB (Akt) to Rho-kinase and increased the binding of Akt to eNOS. These results show in secondary biliary cirrhosis that (1) Rho-kinase activation with resultant eNOS down-regulation is substantially involved in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension and (2) Rho-kinase might interact with Akt and subsequently inhibit the binding of Akt to eNOS.
Low-Flow Ischemia Leads to Translocation of Canine Heart GLUT-4 and GLUT-1 Glucose Transporters to the Sarcolemma In Vivo
Authors: Lawrence H. Young, Yin Renfu, Raymond Russell, Xiaoyue Hu, Michael Caplan, Jianming Ren, Gerald I. Shulman, Albert J. Sinusas
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Myocardial ischemia increases heart glucose utilization in vivo. However, whether low-flow ischemia leads to the translocation of glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 and/or GLUT-1 to the sarcolemma in vivo is unknown. Methods and Results In a canine model, we evaluated myocardial glucose metabolism in vivo and the distribution of GLUT-4 and GLUT-1 by use of immunoblotting of sarcolemma and intracellular membranes and immunofluorescence localization with confocal microscopy. In vivo glucose extraction increased fivefold ( P &lt;.001) and was associated with net lactate release in the ischemic region. Ischemia led to an increase in the sarcolemma content of both GLUT-4 (15±2% to 30±3%, P &lt;.02) and GLUT-1 (41±4% to 58±3%, P &lt;.03) compared with the nonischemic region and to a parallel decrease in their intracellular contents. Immunofluorescence demonstrated the presence of both GLUT-4 and GLUT-1 on cardiac myocytes. GLUT-1 had a more prominent cell surface pattern than GLUT-4, which was primarily intracellular in the nonischemic region. However, significant GLUT-4 surface labeling was found in the ischemic region. Conclusions Translocation of the insulin-responsive GLUT-4 transporter from an intracellular storage pool to the sarcolemma occurs in vivo during acute low-flow ischemia. GLUT-1 is also present in an intracellular storage pool from which it undergoes translocation to the sarcolemma in response to ischemia. These results indicate that both GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 are important in ischemia-mediated myocardial glucose uptake in vivo.
Mr Turner's Toenails
Authors: Richard M. Berlin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE MENTAL STATE OF ELDERLY HOSPITAL PATIENTS USING A SIMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: BERNARD ISAACS, FRANK A. WALKEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

This preliminary evaluation indicated that a simple questionnaire, which was independent of educational and cultural background, would give a useful quantitative assessment of intellectual impairment in elderly hospitalized patients; and certain features of the population studied could be characterized in terms of test performance. The test has been incorporated in a short battery which is yielding information on such matters as the relation between mental impairment of geriatric patients and their survival in hospital.
Reversal of Behavioral Deficits and Synaptic Dysfunction in Mice Overexpressing Neuregulin 1
Authors: Dong-Min Yin, Yong-Jun Chen, Yi-Sheng Lu, Jonathan C. Bean, Anupama Sathyamurthy, Chengyong Shen, Xihui Liu, Thiri W. Lin, Clifford A. Smith, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Letter: Dantrolene in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: V. M. Rivera
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In relation to the article by Dr. Michael H. M. Dykes (231:862, 1975), our experience using the muscle relaxant dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may provide additional information on side effects and precautions. Dantrolene has been used in controlling spasticity resulting from disorders such as spinal cord injury, brain damage secondary to birth trauma, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Although the spastic syndromes associated with motor neuron manifestations in ALS are not mentioned in the literature<sup>1-3</sup>or in the package insert by the company producing the drug, it would seem justifiable to use this muscle relaxant because this syndrome affects the corticospinal pathways, producing spasticity that interferes with motor function and rehabilitation. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis comprises a group of progressive diseases in which variable degrees of atrophy of motor neurons and degeneration of the corticospinal tracts are the common pathological results: Progressive
A review of skin ageing and its medical therapy
Authors: B.A. GILCHREST
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Intrinsic (chronological) skin ageing is characterized hy atrophy of the skin with loss of elasticity and slowed metabolic activity. The superposition of environmental damage, particularly exposure to ultraviolet radiation (photodamage). on the intrinsic ageinj; process results, at least initially, in a hypcrtrophic repair response, with a thickened epidermis and increased melanogenesis. Even more striking changes occur in the dcrmis: massive elastosis (deposition of abnormal elastic libres). collagen degenerafion. and twisted, dilated microvasculature. ReguUir use of a sunscreen alone appears to allow some repair as well as protection from further photodamage. Topical tretinoin has been shown fo partially reverse the clinical and histological changes induced by the combination of sunlight exposure and chronological ageing. A formulation of tretinoin in an emollient cream (Retinova™ Renova®). developed speciiically for the treatment of photodamaged skin, has heen extensively investigated in multifenlre. double‐blind trials and has been shown to produce significant improvement within 4–6 months of daily use, compared witb vehicle alone, as part of a regimen including sun protection and moisturizer use. Histological changes in the epidermis and dermis noted after 12 months suggest tretinoin repairs photodamage by reconstitution of the rete pegs, repair of kcratinocyte ultrastructural damage, more even distribution of melanocytcs and melanin pigment, deposition of new papillary dermal collagen, and Improvements in vasculature. Alpha‐hydroxy acids (AHAs) have also been widely used for therapy of photodamaged skin, and these compotinds have been reported lo normalize hyperkeratlnization and increase viable epidermal thickness and dermal glycosaminoglycans content. The single randomized controlled study now available appears to substantiate AHA efficacy and safety. In summary, recent work has substantially elucidated the ageing processes that alTect the skin and has demonstrated that many of tbe unwanted changes can be improved by topical therapy.
Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias
Authors: Peter W. Marks, A. Jacqueline Mitus
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

The congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) are a group of relatively rare inherited anemias that share in common ineffective erythropoiesis and morphologic abnormalities of mature red blood cells and their precursors. Three major types of CDA and a number of variants have been described. The diagnosis and categorization of these disorders are facilitated by microscopic examination of the blood and bone marrow and by serologic testing. Management of patients currently consists of observation and supportive care. Because patients with CDAs may be at significant risk for secondary hemochromatosis, they require monitoring for this condition. Splenectomy may be of benefit in certain cases in which the anemia is particularly severe. Over the past few years advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of these disorders, and it now appears that CDA II results from enzymatic defects in the cellular glycosylation pathway. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Action of intracoronary nitroglycerin in refractory coronary artery spasm.
Authors: C J Pepine, R L Feldman, C R Conti
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Coronary artery spasm usually responds to sublingual nitroglycerin. This report describes four patients with variant angina and one patient with rest angina who had coronary spasm that was refractory to sublingual or i.v. nitroglycerin. In four patients, spasm occurred spontaneous and in one patient after 0.05 mg of ergonovine. In each case, 25-100 micrograms of intracoronary nitroglycerin promptly (30-45 seconds) resulted in reopacification of the vessel involved in spasm and resolution of evidence for ischemia. Thus, intracoronary nitroglycerin can reverse coronary artery spasm that does not respond to systemic nitroglycerin administration.
Structures of T Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin Protein 4 Show a Metal-Ion-Dependent Ligand Binding Site where Phosphatidylserine Binds
Authors: César Santiago, Angela Ballesteros, Laura Martínez-Muñoz, Mario Mellado, Gerardo G. Kaplan, Gordon J. Freeman, José M. Casasnovas
Journal: Immunity (2007)
Term Uterine Pregnancy After Four Successive Tubal Pregnancies
Authors: Ekkehard Kemmann
Journal: JAMA (1983)

ADVANCES in the early diagnosis of tubal pregnancy are increasingly enabling physicians to resort to conservative surgical treatment in lieu of salpingectomy. Newer techniques in tubal surgery itself may reduce trauma and scarring, making the conservative approach more successful than before. Possible recurrence of an ectopic pregnancy, however, is the risk in any conservative approach. In the following case presentation, we describe a patient who had a term intrauterine pregnancy after four consecutive tubal pregnancies. Three of these pregnancies occurred in one remaining tube that underwent different types of conservative surgery with each occurrence of ectopic pregnancy and ultimately proved to be functional. The risks and opportunities in the current trend to conservative surgery are demonstrated in this case description. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 29-year-old woman consulted us initially in 1979 for infertility. Her menstrual pattern was cyclic and regular, with menses every four weeks. Several months before her
Association of NOD1 polymorphisms with atopic eczema and related phenotypes
Authors: Stephan Weidinger, Norman Klopp, Lars Rummler, Stefan Wagenpfeil, Natalija Novak, Hans-Joerg Baurecht, Werner Groer, Ulf Darsow, Joachim Heinrich, Anke Gauger, Torsten Schafer, Thilo Jakob, Heidrun Behrendt, Hans-Erich Wichmann, Johannes Ring, Thomas Illig
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)