tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Hypersensitivity Reaction to Digoxin
Authors: Steven J. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Digoxin is one of the most widely used medications in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, hypersensitivity to digitalis-type drugs is extremely rare.<sup>1,2</sup>Reports of cutaneous-type reactions to digitalis products date back to the 1850s, although reactions to the crude extracts of the foxglove plant or<i>Digitalis lanata</i>leaf may represent hypersensitivities to products other than the digitalis compounds.<sup>1-3</sup>The last true report of digitalis hypersensitivity was published more than 35 years ago.<sup>1</sup>Digoxin, digitoxin, and deslanoside are the only cardiac glycosides available today, with digoxin being the nearly exclusive choice for oral and intravenous digitalization. We report herein the case of an elderly man who developed a whole-body rash on initial challenge and subsequent rechallenge with the contemporary formulation of digoxin. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —An 86-year-old man was seen in the emergency department after an apparent syncopal episode. Electrocardiographic tracing revealed atrial fibrillation,
HOW EFFECTIVE IS RENAL DENERVATION IN LESS SEVERE TREATMENT RESISTANT HYPERTENSION?
Authors: Roland E. Schmieder, Felix Mahfoud, Axel Schmid, Tilmann Ditting, Paul Sobotka, Roland Veelken, Christian Ukena, Ulrich Laufs, Michael Uder, Michael Böhm, Christian Ott
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
NASAL POLYPUS OCCURRING IN A PATIENT THIRTEEN YEARS OF AGE.
Authors: E. FLETCHER INGALS
Journal: JAMA (1884)

The following case is of special interest as a contribution to the history of mucous polyps in the nose because of the patient's age. Growths of this character are extremely rare in patients less than sixteen years of age, and the history in this case shows that the polyps were present during the patient's thirteenth year, and may have had a much earlier origin. Miss M— at fourteen came to me from Minnesota last July, complaining of catarrh, and difficulty in breathing through the nose, which had caused her great inconvenience for twelve months. She had been troubled with cough and considerable expectoration for eight years, and the usual symptoms had existed several years, though not so markedly as during the past year. Upon examination of the chest, I found the râles of chronic bronchitis, with no evidence of consolidation or emphysema. The larynx was slightly congested. The naso-pharynx relaxed
Forefronts in Nephrology: The molecular basis of renal cystic disease
Authors: R.P. Woychik, J.E. Wilkinson, J.H. Moyer, M. Lee-Tischler, H.Y. Kwon, J.J. Shrick, B. Yoder, E.D. Avner, W.E. Sweeney, V.L. Godfrey
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
Activation of <scp>KIT</scp> modulates the function of tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL‐R) in mast cells
Authors: A. Förster, S. P. Grotha, J. M. Seeger, A. Rabenhorst, M. Gehring, U. Raap, S. Létard, P. Dubreuil, H. Kashkar, H. Walczak, A. Roers, K. Hartmann
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Mastocytosis is characterized by the accumulation of mast cells (MCs) associated with activating mutations of KIT. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors (TRAIL-Rs) are preferentially expressed on neoplastic cells and induce the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Recent studies reported on the expression of TRAIL-Rs and TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cultured human MCs, which depend on stem cell factor (SCF)-induced or constitutive KIT activation.We sought to further define the impact of TRAIL-Rs on MCs in vivo and in vitro. Using Cre/loxP recombination, we generated mice with MC-specific and ubiquitous knockout of TRAIL-R. In these mice, anaphylaxis and numbers of MCs were investigated. We also explored the expression and function of TRAIL-Rs in cultured murine and human MCs upon activation of KIT. By conducting immunofluorescence staining, we analyzed the expression of TRAIL-Rs in MCs infiltrating the bone marrow of patients with mastocytosis.MC-specific deletion of TRAIL-R was associated with a slight, but significant increase in anaphylaxis. Numbers of MCs in MC-specific knockouts of TRAIL-R were comparable to controls. Whereas cultured IL-3-dependent murine MCs from wild-type mice were resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, SCF-stimulated MCs underwent apoptosis in response to TRAIL. Interestingly, activating KIT mutations also promoted sensitivity to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human MCs. In line with these findings, MCs infiltrating the bone marrow of patients with mastocytosis expressed TRAIL-R1.Activation of KIT regulates the function of TRAIL-Rs in MCs. TRAIL-R1 may represent an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic target in diseases associated with KIT mutations, such as mastocytosis.
Rosette formation between chronic T‐lymphocytic leukemia cells and macrophages: A facsimile of normal T‐lymphocyte—macrophage cooperation
Authors: J. Charles Jennette, John D. Benson, Alice S. Wilkman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract Neoplastic T lymphocytes from a patient with chronic T‐lymphocytic leukemia formed rosettes with macrophages. It is proposed that this phenomenon represents retention by these abnormal cells of the normal ability of T lymphocytes to associate physically with macrophages. Recognition of rosettes between benign macrophages and leukemia or lymphoma‐derived lymphocytes may indicate T‐cell lineage of the neoplastic lymphoproliferation.
Albumin improves the response to diuretics in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: results of a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Paolo Gentilini, Vincenzo Casini-Raggi, Giuseppe Di Fiore, Roberto Giulio Romanelli, Giampiero Buzzelli, Massimo Pinzani, Giorgio La Villa, Giacomo Laffi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
BAROREFLEX ACTIVATION THERAPY IMPROVES NTPROBNP AND SIX-MINUTE WALK DISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH SYMPTOMATIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Marcel Halbach, Tilman Hickethier, Navid Madershahian, Mathias C. Brandt, Ralf Velden, Eric Lovett, Uta C. Hoppe, Jochen Müller-Ehmsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
BMA supports GPs' quest for new contract
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The BMA's annual meeting has given UK GPs unanimous support in their attempt to negotiate a new contract.

Last month over 86% of GP principals who responded to a ballot said that they would consider resigning from their contracts if a satisfactory new one was not negotiated by April 2002 (9 June, p 1381).

The General Practitioners Committee has …
Medicare paid $32m for questionable HIV prescriptions, investigators find
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Medicare, the US health insurance plan for elderly and disabled people, paid out $32m (£19m; €24m) in 2012 for dubious HIV drug prescriptions, a new report has found.1

The report, by the Office of Inspector General (OIG) at the US Department of Health and Human Services, is one of a series detailing serious fraud and abuse in the Medicare Part D prescription program. 

The series of investigations has looked at pharmacies that billed extremely high dollar amounts or numbers of prescriptions for each beneficiary or provider; physicians who prescribed extremely high numbers of prescriptions or high percentages of Schedule II drugs, such as oxycodone; drug benefit managing companies that paid for Schedule II refills, which by law require a new …
Autoantibodies to RNA polymerase II are common in systemic lupus erythematosus and overlap syndrome. Specific recognition of the phosphorylated (IIO) form by a subset of human sera.
Authors: M Satoh, A K Ajmani, T Ogasawara, J J Langdon, M Hirakata, J Wang, W H Reeves
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Autoantibodies to RNA polymerases (RNAP) I, II, and III are reported to be highly specific for the diagnosis of scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc). In the present study, the specificity of autoantibodies to RNAP I and III for SSc was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of 35S-labeled proteins. However, we report here the previously unrecognized production of anti-RNAP II autoantibodies by 9-14% of patients with SLE and mixed connective tissue disease/overlap syndrome. 12 out of 32 anti-RNAP II positive sera (group 1) immunoprecipitated a diffuse 220-240-kD band identified as the largest subunit of RNAP II whereas the remaining 20 (group 2) immunoprecipitated preferentially the 240-kD phosphorylated (IIo) form of the large subunit. After pulse labeling, group 1 sera immunoprecipitated only the 220-kD (IIa) RNAP II subunit, whereas the diffuse IIa/IIo band plus the 145-kD second largest RNAP II subunit (IIc) were immunoprecipitated after several hours of cold chase, suggesting that these sera recognized primarily the largest subunit of RNAP II. Group 2 sera recognized the IIc subunit after pulse labeling, and immunoprecipitated the IIc and IIo, but not the IIa, subunits after cold chase. Although it has been suggested that autoantibodies to RNAP II are usually accompanied by anti-RNAP I/III in SSc, all but one of the anti-RNAP II positive sera from SLE or mixed connective tissue disease/overlap syndrome patients, as well as most of the SSc sera, were negative for anti-RNAP I/III. Moreover, in contrast to previous reports suggesting that anti-RNAP antibodies rarely coexist with other SSc subset marker antibodies, anti-RNAP II antibodies were often accompanied by anti-Ku, anti-nRNP, or anti-topoisomerase I autoantibodies in the present study. We conclude that autoantibodies to RNAP II are not a specific marker for SSc, whereas autoantibodies to RNAP I/III are associated primarily with SSc. In addition, we have identified two distinctive patterns of RNAP II antigen recognition by autoantibodies, one of them characterized by specific recognition of the transcriptionally active (phosphorylated) form of RNAP II. The clinical significance of these different patterns remains to be determined.
Assessment of Obstructive Defecation by High-Resolution Anorectal Manometry Compared With Magnetic Resonance Defecography
Authors: Henriette Heinrich, Matthias Sauter, Mark Fox, Dominik Weishaupt, Marcel Halama, Benjamin Misselwitz, Simon Buetikofer, Caecilia Reiner, Michael Fried, Werner Schwizer, Heiko Fruehauf
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Presented as Back Pain and Revealed by Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Bin Liu, Kriti Gwal, Sabah Servaes, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A previously healthy 8-year-old girl underwent MDP bone scintigraphy to evaluate possible spondylolysis due to worsening back pain. Unexpectedly, the bone scan images revealed intense activity in several thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, which was not consistent with spondylolysis. Further examinations proved that the patient had acute lymphocytic leukemia.
GE-01 * IDH1-MUTATED PITUITARY ADENOMA CHALLENGES TRADITIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MAFFUCCI SYNDROME
Authors: C. Hong, S. Hao, J. Feng, C. Yang, P. Chittiboina, J. Zhang, Z. Zhuang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Maffucci syndrome is a rare, non-inheritable condition of mesodermal dysplasia, presenting in childhood with formation of multiple enchondromas and soft-tissue hemangiomas. Approximately, 40% of enchondromas undergo malignant transformation into chondrosarcomas. The underlying genetic etiology lies in somatic mosaicism of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or IDH2, which have been detected simultaneously in both tumors and blood leukocytes of affected patients. We describe a 7-year old male who presented with extensive enchondromatosis and subcutaneous hemangiomas, clinically diagnosed as Maffucci syndrome. Years later, he developed sub-acute dysphasia, dysarthria, and loss of left visual acuity. A brain MRI demonstrated two heterogeneously enhancing lesions, one centered in the left jugular foramen and the other located in the supra-sellar region. Surgical resections of both intracranial tumors were performed over a period of ten months. Histopathological review revealed diagnoses of a grade II chondrosarcoma as well as a non-functional pituitary adenoma after subsequent neuroendocrine studies were unremarkable. Genotypic studies of the tumors were performed to identify common IDH1/2 mutations. DNA sequencing utilized standard Sanger sequencing in conjunction with a target-specific peptide nucleic acid (PNA) to detect IDH1 mutations in tumor tissues. The results demonstrated identical IDH1 mutations (c.394C > T; R132C) in both tumors. This result represents the first genetic evidence to establish causality between pituitary adenoma formation and tumor predisposition in Maffucci syndrome. As neuro-ectodermal tissue, this IDH1-mutated pituitary adenoma challenges the notion that Maffucci syndrome only involves mesodermal tissues. As such, in pediatric patients newly diagnosed with Maffucci syndrome, it may be appropriate to monitor for development of pituitary pathology and neuroendocrine dysfunction. Conversely, in the rare sub-population of pediatric neuro-oncology patients with concomitant non-nervous system tumors, further investigation is warranted to rule out Maffucci syndrome, as there may be considerable risk for malignant transformation as well as additional tumor formation.
Early Treatment of Acute Biliary Pancreatitis by Endoscopic Papillotomy
Authors: Sheung-Tat Fan, Edward Lai, Francis Mok, Chung-Mau Lo, Shu-Sen Zheng, John Wong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Most patients with acute biliary pancreatitis have stones in the biliary tract or ampulla of Vater. Because these stones may be passed spontaneously soon after a patient is admitted to the hospital, the importance of early operative removal is not known. We tested the hypothesis that endoscopic papillotomy within 24 hours of admission decreased the incidence of complications in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis.
Differentiating thrombus from pannus formation in obstructed mechanical prosthetic valves: an evaluation of clinical, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic parameters
Authors: John Barbetseas, Sherif F Nagueh, Christos Pitsavos, Pavlos K Toutouzas, Miguel A Quiñones, William A Zoghbi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Still not enough evidence to support screening based on prostate specific antigen
Authors: S. Finnikin
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Vickers and colleagues’ robust and well designed study provides useful information for the debate on prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing in the screening of men for prostate cancer and should be valuable in the designing of future screening programmes.1 However, in the meantime, the popular media have, on the strength of this article, widely publicised that men should …
SENSITIVITY TO COMPOUND G-4 ("DICHLO-ROPHENE") IN DENTIFRICES
Authors: A.A. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Compound G-4, also known as "dichlorophene," has been reported as being a potent fungicide and bactericide. This compound has been advocated for use not only in dentifrices but also in antiperspirant creams, deodorant creams, powders, toilet waters, and various preparations for combating dermatophytosis of the foot. Chemically, compound G-4 is dihydroxydichlordiphenylmethane with the following complete formulas: bis (5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) methane; 2,2′-methylenebis (4-chlorophenol); or 2,2′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dichlorodiphenylmethane. Compound G-4 must not be confused with compound G-ll, which is known variously as AT-7 and K-34 and is the hexachlorophene compound used in dial® soap and some pHisoderm® (a detergent cream composed of sulfonated ether, petroleum, lactic acid, and wool fat cholesterols) preparations. Skin tests were first reported on 194 men and women using a petrolatum ointment containing 4% compound G-4. Of these, 191 had negative tests and 3 had positive tests. The three persons with positive tests showed only mild erythema. Another group of 37
Dyspnea of Pregnancy
Authors: Robert Gilbert, Leonard Epifano, J. Howland Auchincloss
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To assess factors responsible for the dyspnea of pregnancy, serial treadmill exercise tests were performed in 14 normal women during the course of pregnancy. The method allowed measurement of ventilation, oxygen consumption, and alveolar gas partial pressures at minute intervals during exercise. The stress of the test was such that a normal subject should develop no dyspnea. Five of the subjects experienced dyspnea during the test at some time during their pregnancy; in two dyspnea was severe. Dyspnea was most likely to occur when the alveolar carbon dioxide tension was minimum, but did not correlate with the absolute level of ventilation or with the relationship of ventilation to the maximum ventilatory capacity. Subjects with high alveolar carbon dioxide tensions during exercise when not pregnant seemed most prone to develop dyspnea during pregnancy.
Reversed Vertebral Flow (Subclavian Steal) Syndrome.
Authors: James F. Toole
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Reversed Vertebral Flow (Subclavian Steal) Syndrome.James F. Toole, M.D., F.A.C.P.James F. Toole, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-713_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTwo years ago a new syndrome caused by focal stenosis or occlusion of the proximal portion of the subclavian artery was first described. In this subclavian steal syndrome, as it has been called, blood flows in retrograde fashion from the brain to the arm to produce signs and symptoms of cerebral vascular insufficiency. This occurs because a focal lesion of either subclavian artery proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery reduces or inverts the normal pressure gradient which propels blood through it in a cephalic direction to produce a siphoning or shunt from brain to skeletal muscle.A constellation... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Winston-Salem, North Carolina PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 713-713KeywordsArteriesBlood flowBrainLesionsSigns and symptomsSkeletal musclesStenosisVascular insufficiency Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Inducible defenses, phenotypic variability and biotic environments
Authors: Frederick R. Adler, C. Drew Harvell
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (1990)

Defensive morphologies, chemicals and behaviors induced by cues from consumers or competitors have been described in numerous organisms. Much work has focused on the costs of defenses and the actual cues used. Here, we review recent progress in determining the effects of inducible defenses on consumers and the cues implicated in inducing defenses against consumers and competitors, thereby laying the groundwork for studying the implications of inducible defenses for the dynamics of foraging, population size and evolution.
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Due to Contamination of an Air Conditioner
Authors: Edward F. Banaszak, Walter H. Thiede, Jordan N. Fink
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

In four of 27 office workers, symptoms of intermittent chills, fever and dyspnea, or progressive dyspnea alone developed. Pulmonary-function studies indicated restrictive and diffusion defects, and x-ray examination demonstrated diffuse nodular infiltrates in all four patients. Examination of their environment revealed contamination of the air-conditioning system with a thermophilic actinomycete known to cause a hypersensitivity pneumonitis such as farmer's lung. Serum specimens of all patients contained high titers of rheumatoid factor and precipitating antibodies against the offending organism. Inhalation of the antigen by one of the ill workers during an asymptomatic period reproduced all clinical features of the disorder. Treatment with steroids and subsequent avoidance of exposure resulted in complete recovery. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis should be suspected in cases of interstitial pneumonitis, even in the absence of clear-cut contact with organic dusts.
The Renal Response in Man to Acute Experimental Respiratory Alkalosis and Acidosis1
Authors: E. S. Barker, R. B. Singer, J. R. Elkinton, J. K. Clark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

Volhard-Harvey method (9), ammonia by the method of Folin and Bell (10) using a Klett-Summerson photom- eter, phosphate by the method of Lowry and Lopez (11), and titratable acidity by titrating to pH 7.4.The bi- carbonate concentration was calculated from the total CO, content and pH of each urine specimen by use of factors for CO, solubility and pK' in urine as functions of urinary total cation concentration, derived from Send- roy, Seelig, and Van Slyke (12).Methods of blood sampling and analyses were de- scribed in the previous paper (1). CALCULATIONSUrinary electrolytes in microequivalents per minute (i&Eq.per min.)are presented as excretion rates (UV) RENAL RESPONSE TO RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS AND ACIDOSIS Hyperventilation +1.00 o pH mean &S.
Effects of long-term enalapril therapy on cardiopulmonary exercise performance after myocardial infarction.
Authors: K Dickstein, S Barvik, T Aarsland
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The Enalapril Postinfarction Exercise (EPIE) trial was designed to study the effect of enalapril treatment on peak and submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise performance over the course of 1 year in men after myocardial infarction with mild exercise intolerance. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred sixty men with a peak VO2 less than 25 ml/kg/min and without effort angina were randomized to receive enalapril 20 mg qd or placebo on a double-blind basis. The mean age was 60.3 +/- 7.6 years. All patients received concurrent beta-blocker therapy for secondary prophylaxis. Treatment began at 21 days (group 1, n = 100) or more than 6 months after infarction (group 2, n = 60). Patients underwent exercise with real-time gas-exchange analysis nine times over the course of 48 weeks. In group 1, improvement in exercise performance occurred during the course of the trial in both groups of patients receiving placebo or enalapril. The mean peak VO2 for the placebo-treated patients in group 1 increased from 18.3 +/- 3.4 ml/kg/min by 4.9% at 48 weeks (p less than 0.05). The corresponding values for enalapril-treated patients were 18.9 +/- 3.8 ml/kg/min with a 3.7% increase (p = 0.07). Total exercise time increased in the placebo-treated patients from 645 +/- 96 seconds by 7.3% (p less than 0.01). Corresponding values for enalapril-treated patients were 674 +/- 103 seconds with a 5.4% increase (p less than 0.01). In group 2, the mean peak VO2 at baseline for the placebo-treated patients of 20.3 +/- 3.8 ml/kg/min increased by 4.4% at 48 weeks (p = NS). The corresponding values for enalapril-treated patients were 19.2 +/- 3.6 ml/kg/min with a 2.6% increase (p = NS). Total exercise time increased in the placebo-treated patients from 677 +/- 114 seconds by 0.7% (p = NS). Corresponding values for enalapril-treated patients were 659 +/- 99 seconds with a 1.1% increase (p = NS). There were no significant differences between the placebo and enalapril subgroups at any time with regard to peak VO2, exercise duration, or the VO2 at the anaerobic threshold. CONCLUSIONS This trial demonstrates that long-term converting enzyme inhibition with enalapril had no significant effect on the peak or submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise performance over the course of 1 year in men after myocardial infarction with only mildly reduced exercise capacity.