tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leptin Resistance Protects Mice from Hyperoxia-induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Amy Bellmeyer, Janice M. Martino, Navdeep S. Chandel, G. R. Scott Budinger, David A. Dean, Gökhan M. Mutlu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Human data suggest that the incidence of acute lung injury is reduced in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanisms by which diabetes confers protection from lung injury are unknown.To determine whether leptin resistance, which is seen in humans with diabetes, protects mice from hyperoxic lung injury.Wild-type (leptin responsive) and db/db (leptin resistant) mice were used in these studies. Mice were exposed to hyperoxia (100% O(2)) for 84 hours to induce lung injury and up to 168 hours for survival studies. Alveolar fluid clearance was measured in vivo.Lung leptin levels were increased both in wild-type and leptin receptor-defective db/db mice after hyperoxia. Hyperoxia-induced lung injury was decreased in db/db compared with wild-type mice. Hyperoxia increased lung permeability in wild-type mice but not in db/db mice. Compared with wild-type control animals, db/db mice were resistant to hyperoxia-induced mortality (lethal dose for 50% of mice, 152 vs. 108 h). Intratracheal instillation of leptin at a dose that was observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during hyperoxia caused lung injury in wild-type but not in db/db mice. Intratracheal pretreatment with a leptin receptor inhibitor attenuated leptin-induced lung edema. The hyperoxia-induced release of proinflammatory cytokines was attenuated in db/db mice. Despite resistance to lung injury, db/db mice had diminished alveolar fluid clearance and reduced Na,K-ATPase function compared with wild-type mice.These results indicate that leptin can induce and that resistance to leptin attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury and hyperoxia-induced inflammatory cytokines in the lung.
Screening for HIV in medicolegal necropsies in Helsinki.
Authors: P. J. Karhunen, A. Penttila, M. L. Kantanen, P. Leinikki
Journal: BMJ (1989)

fact that the feet are securely held in roller skates while on skateboards they remain free.Thus children who fall while wearing roller skates cannot recover their balance whereas those who fall from a skateboard often can.Although the hazards of skateboarding have been reported,5 a greater awareness by parents of the dangers of both activities might reduce the frequency of this type of accident.Although our study suggested that some forearm fractures in schoolchildren are probably unavoidable, in most cases improved education of parents and children and better supervision during the risk periods -for example, break periods at school -might reduce the incidence of this injury, resulting in reduced morbidity and NHS expenditure.1 Jackson RH, Wilkinson AW.Why don't we prevent childhood accidents?
Port-wine stains and eczema
Authors: R.U. Sidwell, S. Syed, J.I. Harper
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Port‐wine stains and eczema Get access R.U. Sidwell, R.U. Sidwell Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Syed, S. Syed Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.I. Harper J.I. Harper Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 6, 1 June 2001, Pages 1269–1270, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04250.x Published: 01 June 2001
Psychological distress after assaults and accidents.
Authors: J P Shepherd, R Qureshi, M S Preston, B G Levers
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Details ofpatients who did and did not complete detoxification at hostel and regional alcohol unit Regional Hostel, alcohol unit Total Mean (range) age (years) 42-9 (18-56) 41 5 (29-68) 42-2 (18-68) Sex
Seasonal presentation of keratoacanthomas in Rhode Island
Authors: R.G. DUFRESNE, G.M. MARRERO, L. ROBINSON-BOSTOM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Seasonal presentation of keratoacanthomas in Rhode Island Get access R.G. DUFRESNE, R.G. DUFRESNE Department of Dermatology, Brown University School of Medicine, Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 50 Maude Street, Providence. Rhode Island 02908. U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.M. MARRERO, G.M. MARRERO Department of Dermatology, Brown University School of Medicine, Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 50 Maude Street, Providence. Rhode Island 02908. U.S.A. G.M.Marrero. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. ROBINSON‐BOSTOM L. ROBINSON‐BOSTOM Department of Pathology, Brown University School of Medicine, Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 50 Maude Street, Providence. Rhode Island 02908. U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 2, 1 February 1997, Pages 227–229, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.d01-1174.x Published: 01 February 1997 Article history Accepted: 29 July 1996 Published: 01 February 1997
A1.27 Serum rituximab level and other predictors for good eular response before re-treatment in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Diana Mazilu, Cecilia Gainaru, Natalia Apetrei, Georgiana Luca, Tania Gudu, Alexandra Peltea, Laura Groseanu, Cosmin Constantinescu, Ioana Saulescu, Violeta Bojinca, Andra Balanescu, Denisa Predeteanu, Ruxandra Ionescu, Daniela Opris
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Background and Objectives Predictive factors for rituximab (RTX) response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are currently still under debate. Repeated re-treatment is now the rule, but it is worth knowing if there are predictive factors for good or moderate EULAR response after a new course of RTX. Materials and Methods Twenty five long term RTX-treated patients with RA were included in this prospective study. Their average time with RTX treatment was 41.79 months. RTX serum level was measured by sandwich ELISA (Promonitor-RTX Ref. PG-PRTX-12700), after 6 months from last re-treatment. Patients were divided into detectable versus non-detectable drug levels based on assay cut-off. Clinical and pharmacological data were collected at the time of dosing serum RTX level and 6 months later. Results At 6-month follow-up, 8 (32%) of the RA patients have achieved a good EULAR response and 7 patients (28%) - a moderate EULAR response. Regarding the serum RTX level, 9 patients (36%) had no detectable drug level. From this group at 6 month after last infusion, 6 (66.6%) patients had no EULAR response. All patients tested negative for anti-RTX antibodies. A significant correlation was found between detectable drug level and EULAR response after re-treatment (p = 0.034, r = 0.424). Patient status of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) was strongly correlated to RTX drug level (p = 0.021, r = 0.460) but not to the EULAR response (p = 0.216, r = 0.256). Another interesting finding was the significant correlation between RTX serum level and number of previous anti tumor necrosis agents used before RTX was initiated (p = 0.009, r = 0.514). Conclusions This observational study suggests that detectable RTX serum level before re-treatment can be predictive for a good EULAR response at 6 month. ACPA positivity and higher number of previous anti TNF agents used are correlated with RTX level. As non-detectable RTX level increases chances for no response, drug level monitoring may be used to optimise treatment in patients with RA.
MEASUREMENT OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF GAMMA RAYS AROUND A FOUR-GRAM MASS OF RADIUM
Authors: H. T. Flint, L. G. Grimmett
Journal: BMJ (1930)

Conclusion.Since nio fixed boundary linie cani be deterlminel between, icrrn.aland abnormal size of the red blood corpuscles for anly gil-en ind(ii-iduial, I thinlkl that the regular comparisoll of blood filmlis ill suspicious cases of perniciouls anaemia is of miuch greater value than attempting to fix a definite poiiit judged by any scale oln any instrumeiut.Therefore 1 submiiit as worthy of colnsideration tlle v-aluie of the "direct comparativ-e diffraetion " method of observ-ing the oiset anid progress of any inlcrease in the size of the red blood corpuscles, whllich has been shown to be diagniostic of pernicious anaemiiia and the blood, changes of subaculte comlbined degeneration of the spinal cord.
DNA as Evidence — The Technology of Identification
Authors: Peter Gill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

In 1983, in a village near Leicester, England, a local girl named Lynda Mann was found raped and murdered. Three years later, a second girl, Dawn Ashworth, was found dead under similar circumstances. The similarities between the two cases led the police to believe that the same person had committed both crimes. After extensive inquiries, an arrest was made. The suspect confessed to the murder of Lynda Mann but denied having killed Dawn Ashworth. Convinced that they had the right man, the police approached Sir Alec Jeffreys, a professor of genetics at the University of Leicester, with a request to . . .
The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: An Update
Authors: ANTHONY S. FAUCI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome continues to be a major public health problem in the United States, and recently its spread worldwide has accelerated. The syndrome is caused by a human retrovirus transmitted by sexual contact and via blood or blood products. The virus has been isolated, characterized, and cloned, and in addition to its presence in blood, it has been found in body tissues and fluids including brain, semen, and saliva. Although the syndrome in the United States is still largely confined to male homosexuals and intravenous drug users, there is increasing evidence, particularly from Zaire, that the virus can be spread by heterosexual contact. Attempts at immune reconstitution with lymphocytes and lymphokines have resulted in some transient improvement in immune function but without clinical effect, indicating the need for specific anti-retroviral therapy in combination with immune reconstitution.
A Piece of My Mind: JAMA Makes Reader Go Cold Turkey: Protest Lodged-Reply
Authors: Roxanne K. Young
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Nothing gladdens an editor's heart more than hearing from supportive readers like Dr Blaschke. Our goal indeed is to publish a contribution to A Piece of My Mind each and every week. Occasionally, however, certain dedicated "theme" or special issues are such that the column's absence is deliberate, eg, the Medical Education or CONTEMPO issues. Or, an appropriate essay simply may not have been submitted or solicited. The human side of medicine—exemplified in A Piece of My Mind—constitutes its art.The Journalwill continue to offer this page as long as physicians, nurses, their patients, and all those fascinated with medicine continue to share with others their most deeply held feelings.
Post-anaesthetic Syndrome
Authors: M. P. Coplans
Journal: BMJ (1960)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is common although often poorly characterised, particularly in primary care. However, application of guidelines to the management of such patients needs a clear understanding of the phenotype. In particular, the British guidelines for the management of COPD recommend that the diagnosis is based on appropriate symptoms and evidence of airflow obstruction as determined by a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) of &lt;80% of the predicted value and an FEV<sub>1</sub>/VC ratio of &lt;70%. <h3>METHODS</h3> A study was undertaken of 110 patients aged 40–80 years who had presented to their general practitioner with an acute exacerbation of COPD. The episode was treated at home and, when patients had recovered to the stable state (two months later), they were characterised by full lung function tests and a high resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) scan of the chest. <h3>RESULTS</h3> There was a wide range of impairment of FEV<sub>1</sub> which was in the normal range (⩾80%) in 30%, mildly impaired (60–79%) in 18%, moderately impaired (40–59%) in 33%, and severely impaired (&lt;40%) in 19% of patients. A reduced FEV<sub>1</sub>/VC ratio was present in all patients with an FEV<sub>1</sub> of &lt;80% predicted but also in 41% of those with an FEV<sub>1</sub> of ⩾80% predicted. Only 5% of patients had a substantial bronchodilator response suggesting a diagnosis of asthma. Emphysema was present in 51% of patients and confined to the upper lobes in most (73% of these patients). HRCT evidence of bronchiectasis was noted in 29% of patients and was predominantly tubular; most (81%) were current or ex-smokers. A solitary pulmonary nodule was seen on 9% of scans and unsuspected lung malignancy was diagnosed in two patients. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> This study confirms that COPD in primary care is a heterogeneous condition. Some patients do not fulfil the proposed diagnostic criteria with FEV<sub>1</sub> of ⩾80% predicted but they may nevertheless have airflow obstruction. Bronchiectasis is common in this group of patients, as is unsuspected malignancy. These findings should be considered when developing recommendations for the investigation and management of COPD in the community.
Overnight to New Orleans
Authors: Corey J. Langer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Ad Libitum1 September 1996Overnight to New OrleansCorey J. Langer, MDCorey J. Langer, MDPhiladelphia, PA 19111Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Left work at six;by twelve, I'm inthe Cafe du Monde,eating sugar-dusted beignets,sipping coffee. Suddendislocations are the stuffmy dreams are made of.They wash awaythe cookpot grimeof day-to-day.In the French Quarter,a grungy beard, 98-prooflists precariouslyagainst an ornate lamppost.Transvestites, wired, sweep by,greeting me as if we'd just dinedal fresco on the Cajun catfishwhose aroma drifts down Iberville.By the riverboat,an anorectic Whole Earth Mother,bedecked in bandannas,tapdances on an iron grateto streetcorner jazz.It's much too late.I nibble timidly: no timeto ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, PA 19111Corresponding Author: Corey J. Langer, MD, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 5Page: 418KeywordsCoffeeEatingLung and intrathoracic tumorsWine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
GW25-e5399 Effects of AngII and Ang-(1-7) on the Cholesterol Efflux in THP-1 Derived Foam Cells
Authors: Yang Zhiming, Hui-Yu Yang, Shu-Wen Gong, Yun-Fei Bian, Guo-Bin Zhu, Zhi-Ming Yang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Diagnostic and neural analysis of skin cancer (DANAOS). A multicentre study for collection and computer-aided analysis of data from pigmented skin lesions using digital dermoscopy
Authors: K. Hoffmann, T. Gambichler, A. Rick, M. Kreutz, M. Anschuetz, T. Grunendick, A. Orlikov, S. Gehlen, R. Perotti, L. Andreassi, J. Newton Bishop, J-P. Cesarini, T. Fischer, P.J. Frosch, R. Lindskov, R. Mackie, D. Nashan, A. Sommer, M. Neumann, J.P. Ortonne, P. Bahadoran, P.F. Penas, U. Zoras, P. Altmeyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Early detection of melanomas by means of diverse screening campaigns is an important step towards a reduction in mortality. Computer‐aided analysis of digital images obtained by dermoscopy has been reported to be an accurate, practical and time‐saving tool for the evaluation of pigmented skin lesions (PSLs). A prototype for the computer‐aided diagnosis of PSLs using artificial neural networks (NNs) has recently been developed: diagnostic and neural analysis of skin cancer (DANAOS). Objectives To demonstrate the accuracy of PSL diagnosis by the DANAOS expert system, a multicentre study on a diverse multinational population was conducted. Methods A calibrated camera system was developed and used to collect images of PSLs in a multicentre study in 13 dermatology centres in nine European countries. The dataset was used to train an NN expert system for the computer‐aided diagnosis of melanoma. We analysed different aspects of the data collection and its influence on the performance of the expert system. The NN expert system was trained with a dataset of 2218 dermoscopic images of PSLs. Results The resulting expert system showed a performance similar to that of dermatologists as published in the literature. The performance depended on the size and quality of the database and its selection. Conclusions The need for a large database, the usefulness of multicentre data collection, as well as the benefit of a representative collection of cases from clinical practice, were demonstrated in this trial. Images that were difficult to classify using the NN expert system were not identical to those found difficult to classify by clinicians. We suggest therefore that the combination of clinician and computer may potentially increase the accuracy of PSL diagnosis. This may result in improved detection of melanoma and a reduction in unnecessary excisions.
S14 CPAP improves endothelial function in minimally symptomatic OSA patients: results from the MOSAIC trial
Authors: M. Kohler, S. E. Craig, J. C. T. Pepperell, D. Nicoll, D. Bratton, A. Nunn, R. J. O. Davies, J. R. Stradling
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> CPAP treatment for symptomatic OSA improves surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk, such as endothelial function and arterial stiffness, and may reduce actual cardiovascular events. Minimally symptomatic OSA is far more prevalent than symptomatic OSA but the effects of CPAP on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in minimally symptomatic patients are not known. <h3>Methods</h3> In two centres taking part in the MOSAIC trial (Oxford and Taunton), 253 patients with minimally symptomatic OSA (ODI&gt;7.5 h) were randomised to either 6 months of CPAP or supportive care. 245 patients had measurements of arterial stiffness by pulse wave analysis at baseline (augmentation index, AIx) and in 64 patients endothelial function was assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD, expressed as % change from baseline arterial diameter) measurements by ultrasonography. Multivariable analyses adjusting for baseline FMD or AIx, ODI and Pocock vascular risk score (age, sex, systolic BP, smoking, diabetes, cholesterol, height, creatinine, LVH, previous MI or stroke) were performed to assess the effect of CPAP treatment on FMD and AIx. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 245 patients 8 withdrew or were lost to follow-up and in 8 patients pulse wave analysis was not possible at 6 months. All 64 patients who had FMD measurements at baseline attended follow-up measurements. Baseline characteristics of 229 patients with complete data on pulse wave analysis are shown in the table (values are mean (SD) were applicable). CPAP improved endothelial function (FMD at follow-up +1.97% with CPAP compared to control group, 95% CI +0.84 to +3.09%, p=0.001), but there was no evidence of an effect on arterial stiffness (AIx at follow-up −0.56% with CPAP compared to control group, 95% CI −2.87 to +1.75, p=0.64). CPAP improved daytime sleepiness as assessed by the Epworth sleepiness score (mean (SE) change −1.91 (0.30) with CPAP; control group +0.08 (0.26), mean difference −1.99, 95% CI −2.77 to −1.21, p&lt;0.0001, assessed using an unpaired <i>t</i>-test). <h3>Conclusions</h3> 6 months of CPAP is associated with improved endothelial function, but does not reduce arterial stiffness in minimally symptomatic OSA. Thus patients with minimally symptomatic OSA may benefit from CPAP therapy in terms of cardiovascular risk reduction.
Influence of Age and Sex on Susceptibility and Clinical Manifestations in Poliomyelitis
Authors: Louis Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

POLIOMYELITIS has been increasing in incidence in older children and adults for the past twenty-five years.1 2 3 4 5 6 This has been considered by some investigators to be more apparent than real, and accountable for, to a great degree, by alteration in age distribution of the population and increased reporting of nonparalytic cases.1 2 3 4 The most recent study of this problem by Pichel5 revealed a marked change in the proportionate age incidence of the disease, with a relative decrease in the percentage of patients under four years old. Fatal cases showed the same distribution as the total group, when the adjusted number of deaths . . .
Cytomegalovirus Infection Drives Adaptive Epigenetic Diversification of NK Cells with Altered Signaling and Effector Function
Authors: Heinrich Schlums, Frank Cichocki, Bianca Tesi, Jakob Theorell, Vivien Beziat, Tim D. Holmes, Hongya Han, Samuel C.C. Chiang, Bree Foley, Kristin Mattsson, Stella Larsson, Marie Schaffer, Karl-Johan Malmberg, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Jeffrey S. Miller, Yenan T. Bryceson
Journal: Immunity (2015)
Glomerulonephritis, Complement and C3NeF
Authors: Douglas T. Fearon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

IN 1965, a form of chronic glomerulonephritis, now termed membranoproliferative or mesangiocapillary (MCGN), was found to be associated with depressed serum levels of the third component of complement (C3).1 Although activation of C3 was thought usually to involve the early-acting classical components Cl, C4 and C2, these proteins were not decreased in patients with MCGN, suggesting that another pathway to complement activation was being utilized.2 The detection by immunofluorescence of glomerular deposits of properdin, a protein of the alternative complement pathway, indicated involvement of this system in MCGN.3 In 1969, an activity, designated C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF), that was capable . . .
Points: Paediatricians and the law
Authors: M G Revill
Journal: BMJ (1981)

question about the distinction between a Down's syndrome baby aged 1 week and a fetus of 20 weeks' gestation (28 November, p 1464) has, I think, an answer in a recent article by the legal correspondent of the Lancet.'Killing a baby of 1 week is illegal because in English law it is held to be a "living being" in a way that a fetus of 20 weeks is not (despite the fact that a fetus, or zygote, is even more distinctly alive than most living human tissue and has unique potential).The baby is capable of an independent existence, and so, of course, potentially is a fetus of 28 weeks or more (or perhaps 24 weeks, as discussed recently).Its independence exists even though (as Diana Brahams points out') it may be attached to its mother by the umbilical cord, and obviously is almost totally dependant on it for food....