tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood Tests to Diagnose Fibrosis or Cirrhosis in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Roger Chou, Ngoc Wasson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a supplement. Background: Many blood tests have been proposed as alternatives to liver biopsy for identifying fibrosis or cirrhosis. Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of blood tests to identify fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Data Sources: MEDLINE (1947 to January 2013), the Cochrane Library, and reference lists. Study Selection: Studies that compared the diagnostic accuracy of blood tests with that of liver biopsy. Data Extraction: Investigators abstracted and checked study details and quality by using predefined criteria. Data Synthesis: 172 studies evaluated diagnostic accuracy. For identifying clinically significant fibrosis, the platelet count, age–platelet index, aspartate aminotransferase–platelet ratio index (APRI), FibroIndex, FibroTest, and Forns index had median positive likelihood ratios of 5 to 10 at commonly used cutoffs and areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) of 0.70 or greater (range, 0.71 to 0.86). For identifying cirrhosis, the platelet count, age–platelet index, APRI, and Hepascore had median positive likelihood ratios of 5 to 10 and AUROCs of 0.80 or greater (range, 0.80 to 0.91). The Göteborg University Cirrhosis Index and the Lok index had slightly lower positive likelihood ratios (4.8 and 4.4, respectively). In direct comparisons, the APRI was associated with a slightly lower AUROC than the FibroTest for identifying fibrosis and a substantially higher AUROC than the aspartate aminotransferase–alanine aminotransferase ratio for identifying fibrosis or cirrhosis. Limitation: Only English-language articles were included, and most studies had methodological limitations, including failure to describe blinded interpretation of liver biopsy specimens and inadequate description of enrollment methods. Conclusion: Many blood tests are moderately useful for identifying clinically significant fibrosis or cirrhosis in HCV-infected patients. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Anti-Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Antibody Staining in Primary Breast Adenocarcinomas Correlates With Marked Inflammatory Cell Infiltrates and Prognosis
Authors: S. M. Scholl, C. Pallud, F. Beuvon, K. Hacene, E. R. Stanley, L. Rohrschneider, R. Tang, P. Pouillart, R. Lidereau
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Anti-Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Antibody Staining in Primary Breast Adenocarcinomas Correlates With Marked Inflammatory Cell Infiltrates and Prognosis Get access S. M. Scholl, S. M. Scholl Département de Médecine Oncolo-gique, Institut CurieParis Correspondence to : S. Scholl, M.D.: Départment de Médecine Oncologique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d, Ulm, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. Pallud, C. Pallud Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique et Laboratoire d'Anatomo-pathologie, Centre René HugueninSt. Cloud, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Beuvon, F. Beuvon Département de la Pathologie, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Hacene, K. Hacene Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique et Laboratoire d'Anatomo-pathologie, Centre René HugueninSt. Cloud, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. R. Stanley, E. R. Stanley Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineNew York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Rohrschneider, L. Rohrschneider Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattle, Wash Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Tang, R. Tang Département de Médecine Oncolo-gique, Institut CurieParis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Pouillart, P. Pouillart Département de Médecine Oncolo-gique, Institut CurieParis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Lidereau R. Lidereau Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique et Laboratoire d'Anatomo-pathologie, Centre René HugueninSt. Cloud, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 2, 19 January 1994, Pages 120–126, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.2.120 Published: 19 January 1994 Article history Received: 21 June 1993 Accepted: 28 October 1993 Published: 19 January 1994
Transport of large breakdown products of dietary protein through the gut wall.
Authors: W A Hemmings, E W Williams
Journal: Gut (1978)

Ferritin or tritium labelled immunoglobulin G may, by electron microscopy, be demonstrated entering, within, and leaving the epithelial cells. Quantitative studies using various proteins labelled with radioiodine show that large amounts of protein bound radioactivity may be demonstrated in the tissues after feeding the labelled protein to adult rats by stomach tube. The molecular size of this material as determined by sugar gradient ultracentrifugation of tissue extracts ranges when IgG is fed from 50,000-20,000 Daltons. The material retains its ability to react as antigen with antisera specific to the original molecule: precipitation reactions may be obtained in gels and quantitative studies show that cnosiderable amounts of the protein-bound radioactivity are still specifically precipitable. Such studies have been carried out with alpha-gliadin as well as bovine IgG. At 100 days old rats may absorb as much as 40% of a dose of bovine IgG in the form of these large molecular breakdown products.
Abstract 4874: Bisphenol A exposure negates tamoxifen-mediated chemoprevention in MMTV-erbB2 transgenic mice.
Authors: XiaoHe Yang, Zhikun Ma, Yunbo Jiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA), the building block of polycarbonate plastics with estrogenic activity, is one of the most common chemicals people are exposed to in daily life. Increasing reports suggest a link between BPA exposure and increased breast cancer risk. Although the effect of early BPA exposure and breast cancer risk later in life has been extensively studied, whether this xenoestrogen interferes with hormonal therapeutic agents, such as tamoxifen, has hardly been documented. In this study, we tested the effect of BPA exposure on mammary tumor development and tamoxifen-mediated chemoprevention in MMTV-erbB2 transgenic mice. BPA (500 ng/kg in sesame oil) was administered daily by subcutaneous injection for 8 weeks, starting from 8 weeks of age. Citrate tamoxifen at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day was administered by oral gavage alone or in combination with BPA. Based on tumor latency, we found that BPA alone accelerated mammary tumor development whereas tamoxifen treatment profoundly delayed the tumorigenesis. A combination of tamoxifen-treatment and BPA exposure, however, significantly (p&amp;lt;0.01) interfered with tamoxifen-mediated prevention as indicated by a shortened tumor latency compared to the tamoxifen group. BrdU incorporation and whole mount analysis of mammary glands at 16 weeks showed that BPA or tamoxifen alone induced distinctive proliferative and inhibitory ductal growth respectively. A combination of tamoxifen and BPA exposure abrogated tamoxifen-mediated growth inhibition. Importantly, altered tumor development and morphogenesis in each group were accompanied by modified signaling in estrogen receptor (ER) and EGFR/erbB2 pathways in mammary tissues. BPA alone induced enhanced phosphorylation/activation of ERα, the receptor tyrosine kinases (erbB2, EGFR and erbB3) and downstream targets (AKT1, and ERK½). Protein and mRNA levels of ERα, cyclin D1, EGFR, erbB3, and c-myc were also increased. In contrast, tamoxifen inhibited the activation of both pathways, as indicated by decreased phosphorylation and expression of those markers. In the combination group BPA exposure blocked tamoxifen-mediated inhibition of ER and erbB2 signaling. Our results demonstrated that BPA exposure promotes erbB2-associated carcinogenesis and negates tamoxifen-mediated chemoprevention. The underlying mechanisms involve BPA-induced activation and crosstalk of ER and erbB2 pathways. Taken together, our data suggests that BPA exposure is a risk factor that may interfere with hormonal therapy, which is of great translational value. Citation Format: XiaoHe Yang, Zhikun Ma, Yunbo Jiang. Bisphenol A exposure negates tamoxifen-mediated chemoprevention in MMTV-erbB2 transgenic mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4874. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4874
Dynamics of Nerve and Muscle
Authors: C. B. Radcliffe
Journal: BMJ (1871)

IN the article in last wveek's JOURNAL, in which my recent book en- titled Dyntalmiics of At?'r-veacut?A/uscle is takenl as the text, certain con- clusions are drawn whliclh ouglht not, as it seems to me, to be allowed to pass unchallenged.The gist of the article is to object to a part of a theory of animal electricity which in sul)stance is simply this-that the walls of the fibres and cells of living muscle and nerve-tissue during rest are charged in the way in wlhich Leyden jars are charged, and that this charge is discharged during action, the discharge being analogous to that of the torpedo.It is argued that these walls are sufficiently bad conductors to justify the conclusion that they may act as dielectrics ; it is argued
Interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) arise via a unique differentiation pathway from primitive c-kitHiCD62L+ lymphoid progenitors
Authors: Robert S. Welner, Rosana Pelayo, Karla P. Garrett, Xinrong Chen, S. Scott Perry, Xiao-Hong Sun, Barbara L. Kee, Paul W. Kincade
Journal: Blood (2007)
OVEREXPRESSING CELLULAR REPRESSOR OF E1A-STIMULATED GENES PROTECTS MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AGAINST HYPOXIA- AND SERUM DEPRIVATION-INDUCED APOPTOSIS BY ACTIVATION OF PI3K/AKT
Authors: Yaling Han, Jie Deng, Chenhui Yan, Xiaoxiang Tian, Jie Tao, Jian Kang, Shaohua Li
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
New thoughts on organising medical education.
Authors: P Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1976)

dose modification of Mawer et al23 have not encountered ototoxicity.In managing acute renal failure, we, like most renal units, believe that intensive care, early dialysis, and an aggressive approach to infection provide the basis on which improvements in survival might take place.The mortality of 25% in our series compares favourably with that found elsewhere2 5 19 and partly reflects the good survival attainable in acute renal failure from haemolytic and obstetric causes present in 76% of our cases.Our results justify the establishment of units for managing acute renal failure in tropical Africa.From our analysis of the causes it seems likely that acute renal failure is more comumon in our environment than is generally realised.The comment by Lee24 that the most important factor in recognising acute renal failure is an awareness of the clinical conditions during which it may arise remains a valid one today.We are grateful to Sister Ohene-Ampofo and her staff of the renal unit for skilled dialysis, to the doctors who referred these cases, and to Mr Eugene Kotey for secretarial help.We acknowledge the generous support of the Volta Aluminium Company Ltd and the Masonic Fraternity of Ghana in the establishment of the dialysis unit.
Proteomic signature corresponding to alpha fetoprotein expression in liver cancer cells
Authors: Hideki Yokoo, Tadashi Kondo, Kazuyasu Fujii, Tesshi Yamada, Satoru Todo, Setsuo Hirohashi
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) has been implicated in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and is considered to be a diagnostic and prognostic tumor marker. Because elevated expression of AFP is associated with many characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, we hypothesized that multiple proteins may function in a coordinated manner with AFP. To identify such proteins, we performed global protein expression analysis, namely a proteomic study. The protein expression profiles of 9 AFP-producing liver cancer cell lines (JHH-5, HuH-1, PLC/PRL/5, Hep3B, HT-17, JHH-7, HuH-7, HepG2, Li-7) and 7 nonproducing liver cancer cell lines (HLE, JHH-6, Sk-Hep-1, JHH-4, HLF, RBE, SSP-25) were generated by fluorescence 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. In fluorescence 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, proteins are labeled with fluorescent dyes before electrophoresis for more accurate quantitative expression analysis. We identified 11 protein spots that distinguished AFP-producing cell lines from nonproducing cell lines by multivariate studies. The spots showed consistent alterations in amount in AFP-producing cell lines (6 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated). An additional 5 liver cancer cell lines (KIM-1, KYN-2, KYN-3, PH5-CH, PH5-T) also were correctly grouped with respect to their AFP production on the basis of the intensity of the 11 protein spots. The proteins corresponding to the 11 selected spots were identified by mass spectrometry and were categorized into 4 groups based on their known role in apoptosis, glucose metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, or translation. In conclusion , we found a novel association of AFP with other proteins. Their interaction should provide insight into the biology of AFP-producing hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (Hepatology 2004;40:609-617.)
Infectious Hepatitis in Massachusetts
Authors: Harriet L. Hardy, Roy Feemster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE recent literature describing the experience of the armed forces with infectious hepatitis is voluminous, but reports on the disease in the civilian population have been few. This article summarizes our present knowledge of the disease and indicates how nearly our observations coincide with or differ from those of others. The clinical material used as the basis of this paper has been collected by means of visits to Massachusetts communities from which the disease has been informally reported to the Department of Public Health. Approximately 175 cases of infectious hepatitis were uncovered in Massachusetts in these investigations, but only 151 . . .
New Study Supports Lifesaving Benefits of Implantable Defibrillation Devices
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
L-NMMA (a Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor) is Effective in the Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Gad Cotter, Edo Kaluski, Alex Blatt, Olga Milovanov, Yaron Moshkovitz, Ronit Zaidenstein, Ahmed Salah, Daniela Alon, Yoav Michovitz, Michael Metzger, Zvi Vered, Ahuva Golik
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The objective was to assess the safety and efficacy of L-NMMA in the treatment of cardiogenic shock. Methods —We enrolled 11 consecutive patients with cardiogenic shock that persisted after &gt;24 hours from admission, despite coronary catheterization and primary percutaneous transluminal coronary revascularization, when feasible, and treatment with mechanical ventilation, intraaortic balloon pump (IABP), and high doses of catecholamines. L-NMMA was administered as an IV bolus of 1 mg/kg and continuous drip of 1 mg · kg −1 · h −1 for 5 hours. Treatment with catecholamines, mechanical ventilation, and IABP was kept constant throughout the study. Results —Within 10 minutes of L-NMMA administration, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) increased from 76±9 to 109±22 mm Hg (+43%). Urine output increased within 5 hours from 63±25 to 156±63 cc/h (+148%). Cardiac index decreased during the steep increase in MAP from 2.0±0.5 to 1.7±0.4 L/(min · m 2 ) (−15%); however, it gradually increased to 1.85±0.4 L/(min · m 2 ) after 5 hours. The heart rate and the wedge pressure remained stable. Twenty-four hours after L-NMMA discontinuation, MAP (+36%) and urine output (+189%) remained increased; however, cardiac index returned to pretreatment level. No adverse events were detected. Ten out of eleven patients could be weaned off mechanical ventilation and IABP. Eight patients were discharged from the coronary intensive care unit, and seven (64%) were alive at 1-month follow-up. Conclusions —L-NMMA administration in patients with cardiogenic shock is safe and has favorable clinical and hemodynamic effects.
Surface chemistry dependent immunostimulative potential of porous silicon nanoplatforms
Authors: Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi, Tahia D. Fernández, Ermei M. Mäkilä, Xavier Le Guével, Cristobalina Mayorga, Martti H. Kaasalainen, Jarno J. Salonen, Jouni T. Hirvonen, Hélder A. Santos
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
American Medical Association of Vienna
Authors: H. F. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> No doubt a great many of the readers of The Journal, especially physicians who are contemplating coming to Vienna for graduate work, and also those who have studied here, will be interested in hearing that on September 21 the American Medical Association of Vienna left its old quarters in the Café Klinik, where it had been for six years, and moved into new and permanent club rooms at 28 Schlösselgasse, opposite the main entrance to the General Hospital. The club rooms consist of five large, handsomely furnished rooms most conveniently located, and will fill a long-felt want among the physicians who come to Vienna. The lounging-room is furnished with large armchairs, leather-covered divans, piano, etc. The reading-room and library is done in red, and the secretary's or business room in green. A pretty room has been arranged for the ladies, not only for the use of those studying
The Usefulness of Tc-99m Tetrofosmin Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis and Localization of Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Glands
Authors: VIRGINIA VALLEJOS, JOSE MARTIN-COMIN, MARIA TERESA GONZALEZ, RAFAEL RAFECAS, ANTONIO MUNOZ, ALEJANDRO FERNANDEZ, JAIME MORA, MIGUEL RAMOS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

The aim of the work was to study the diagnostic value of Tc-99m tetrofosmin to localize anomalous parathyroid glands in patients with hyperparathyroid disease.We studied 31 patients, 19 with primary and 12 with secondary hyperparathyroid disease. Five of these patients were renal graft recipients. All patients underwent surgery. Each patient was injected with 555 to 740 MBq (15 to 20 mCi) Tc-99m tetrofosmin. Subsequently, radionuclide images were acquired 15 and 120 minutes after injection using a low-energy, all-purpose, parallel-hole collimator. Pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy was obtained in nine cases (24 to 48 h later) when the thyroid activity made it difficult to identify the parathyroid glands.All cases showed tracer uptake as early as 15 minutes after injection. In the group of patients with primary hyperparathyroid disease, 15 showed focal uptake in a parathyroid gland, and surgery revealed an adenoma in the same location. In one patient with hyperplasia, scintigraphy identified only two of four diseased glands. In the three remaining cases, scintigraphy showed focal uptake in the lower parathyroid gland, whereas at surgery the abnormal gland was located in the upper pole. In the secondary hyperparathyroidism group, seven patients showed diffuse tracer uptake in two or more glands, and histologic analysis confirmed hyperplasia in all of them. Five cases showed focal uptake, with three evaluated after surgery (uptake in the only remaining gland); one of them was a renal graft recipient, and the remaining patient had chronic renal failure and was receiving hemodialysis.Our results suggest that Tc-99m tetrofosmin may be a suitable tracer for preoperative detection and screening of anomalous parathyroid glands. The earlier images at 15 minutes were better than those at 120 minutes. Tc-99m tetrofosmin is cleared more slowly from the normal thyroid than is Tc-99m sestamibi, and both of these tracers may give better results than the old pertechnetate TI-201 subtraction technique.
Obama promises to act on Medicare costs, medical research, and gun control
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Barack Obama has pledged to reduce the cost of Medicare, invest in medical research, and review the laws on gun control in his state of the union speech on 12 February.

In a speech that began by discussing the country’s national debt, he acknowledged that “the biggest driver of our long term debt is the rising cost of healthcare for an aging population, and those of us who care deeply about programs like Medicare must embrace the need for modest reforms.”

He added, “On Medicare I’m prepared to enact reforms that will achieve the …
Anatomic Assessment of Sympathetic Peri-Arterial Renal Nerves in Man
Authors: Kenichi Sakakura, Elena Ladich, Qi Cheng, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Kazuyuki Yahagi, David R Fowler, Frank D Kolodgie, Renu Virmani, Michael Joner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Points: Diving is dangerous for diabetics
Authors: M R Kiln
Journal: BMJ (1981)

liams's letter (10 October, p 987) about the management of gastrointestinal bleeding, and agree entirely with your comment.I would take exception, however, to his last sentence, which implies that an "alcoholic binge" may lead to an upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and that this does not require investigation.It is our experience that when alcoholic excess leads to a massive bleed there is usually a chronic underlying cause, and I would suggest that these patients most certainly should be investigated.