tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Book Review Interventional Cardiology: Clinical application of new technologies Edited by Christopher J. White and Stephen R. Ramee. 252 pp., illustrated. New York, Raven Press, 1991. $75. Interventional Electrophysiology Edited by Berndt Lüderitz and Sanjeev Saksena. 571 pp., illustrated. Mt. Kisco, N.Y., Futura, 1991. $95. Supported Complex and High Risk Coronary Angioplasty (Interventional Cardiology [1].) Edited by Fayaz A. Shawl. 261 pp., illustrated. Boston, Kluwer Academic, 1991. $97.50.
Authors: Ronald E. Vlietstra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Effects of Na+ on Sugar and Amino Acid Transport in Striated Muscle*
Authors: James E. Parrish, David M. Kipnis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

Evidence has been presented recently which suggests that the sodium ion is essential for the active transport' of a variety of organic solutes.This requirement was first demonstrated by Riklis and Quastel (1) who showed that Na+ was needed for the active transport of sugars by guinea pig in- testine.Subsequently, Csaky and Zollicoffer (2, 3), using rat and toad intestinal preparations, reported that Nat was required for the active transport of the monosaccharides glucose and 3-0-methylglucose, the amino acids L-tyrosine and DL-phenylalanine, and the pyrimidine, uracil.Crane, Miller, and Bihler (4, 5) also observed an obligatory Na+ requirement for active sugar trans- port by intestinal epithelium, and more recently, Kleinzeller and Kotyk (6) reported a similar re- quirement for the active transport of galactose by renal tubular epithelium.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Na+ on a nonactive mediated transport system as well as on an active transport process.Striated muscle was selected for this purpose, since in this tissue, in contrast to intestine and kidney, glucose is transported by a nonactive mediated system (7).Amino acids, however, are trans- ported by both active and nonactive mediated systems and a process characterized by the kinetics of passive diffusion (8, 9).Furthermore, both
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn: Lowest Achievable Incidence Rates-Reply
Authors: Gilberto F. Chavez
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —Dr Hensleigh expresses legitimate concerns about the validity or the failure rates of RhIG, rates from which we derived our estimate for the minimum achievable incidence rates of Rh hemolytic disease. The failure rates that we used are based on the results of several studies from around the world that were conducted on populations demographically different from the population of the United States and by different methodologies. Nevertheless, the data summarized in Davey's 1 review of the McMaster Rh Conference of 1979, a more recent review by Keith et al, 2 and the Nova Scotia trials by Baskett et al 3 suggest that for antenatal and postnatal prophylaxis combined, an overall failure estimate of 0.20% of preventing women with at-risk pregnancies from becoming Rh sensitized is a reasonable estimate.  The additional contribution to overall failure rates made by women already so sensitized when they were being considered for
White coats and fingerprints: diagnostic reasoning in medicine and investigative methods of fictional detectives
Authors: Claudio Rapezzi, Roberto Ferrari, Angelo Branzi
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Current trends toward routine mass use of sophisticated diagnostic tools is killing off the science and art of clinical reasoning.An ideal clinician would present a harmonic fusion of almost all the investigative methods of fictional detectives and avoid slavish adherence to protocols and procedures Our underlying premise is that the current trend towards mass use of sophisticated diagnostic tools in routine practice-accompanied by a blind faith in technology and predefined diagnostic algorithms-is threatening to kill off the science and art of clinical reasoning.Besides burning a lot of public and private money to make diagnostic work rather superficial, doctors also risk losing the intellectual pleasure that comes from careful diagnostic reasoning.Clinical analogies with detective fiction generally revolve around Sherlock Holmes. 1 2 However, like medicine, detective fiction has subspecialties and intellectual trends. 3A rapid overview of the analogies between diagnostic reasoning and the investigative strategies found in detective literature may provide us with some clues on how to confront the problems posed by the burgeoning number of available technologies.
Blood Pressure and Vascular Reactivity to the Cold Pressor Test
Authors: Paul H. Barnett, Edgar A. Hines, Alexander Schirger, Robert P. Gage
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Of 300 subjects who had cold pressor tests in 1934, 207, aged 33 to 46 yr, were restudied in 1961. The test was repeated in 151 cases; in others, current information was supplied by subjects' physicians. Thirty-one subjects, hyperreactive in 1934 and retested, remained hyperreactive; 21 previously normal reactors became hyperreactive. Of 40 hyperreactors in 1934, four became hypertensive, whereas none of 167 normal reactors did so. In 1961, the family histories were positive for hypertension for 19 of 27 subjects hyperreactive in 1934 and for 30 of 43 hyperreactive in 1961; for normal reactors, corresponding figures were 37 of 112 and 26 of 96. These findings support the concepts that transient vasoconstriction precedes development of hypertension and that vascular hyperreactivity is inherited and may predispose to hypertension.
Up‐regulation of NADPH oxidase components and increased production of interferon‐gamma by leukocytes from sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Lívia E. Marçal, Péricles M. Dias‐da‐Motta, Jussara Rehder, Ronei L. Mamoni, Maria Heloísa S.L. Blotta, Constance B. Whitney, Peter E. Newburger, Fernando F. Costa, Sara T.O. Saad, Antonio Condino‐Neto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that mononuclear leukocytes from patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) release higher amounts of superoxide compared with normal controls. The aim of this study was to further study the NADPH oxidase system in these patients by investigating gene expression of NADPH oxidase components, phosphorylation of p47 phox component, and the release of cytokines related to NADPH oxidase activation in mononuclear leukocytes from patients with SCD. gp91 phox gene expression was significantly higher in monocytes from SCD patients compared with normal controls ( P = 0.036). Monocytes from SCD patients showed higher levels of p47 phox phosphorylation compared with normal controls. INF‐γ release by lymphocytes from SCD patients was significantly higher compared with normal controls, after 48 h culture with phytohemagglutinin ( P = 0.02). The release of TNF‐α by monocytes from SCD patients and normal controls was similar after 24 and 48 h culture with lipopolysaccharide ( P &gt; 0.05). We conclude that monocytes from SCD patients show higher levels of gp91 phox gene expression and p47 phox phosphorylation, along with increased IFN‐γ release by SCD lymphocytes. These findings help to explain our previous observation showing the increased respiratory burst activity of mononuclear leukocytes from SCD patients and may contribute to inflammation and tissue damage in these patients. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of<i>CDKN2A</i>/<i>CDKN2B</i>deletions in patients with transformed mycosis fungoides and primary cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: A.R. Nicolae-Cristea, M.F. Benner, W.H. Zoutman, R. van Eijk, P.M. Jansen, C.P. Tensen, R. Willemze
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)
NOTES ON THE EUCALYPTUS.
Authors: W. C. TYNDALE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The Eucalyptus tree is a native of Australia and Tasmania, where it forms large forests. There are about 140 species described, but they vary extremely, different kinds of leaves being produced on the same tree, thus presenting distinct specific characters, and varying also in the nature of their barks. In Tasmania and Gippsland Victoria, they grow to an immense heighth, often exceeding 400 feet. Their naked and branchless stems of a dirty white color look like natural columns. These are often blackened by the fires of the natives or wrung by the settler's axe, when they afford a grand but dismal spectacle, as one speeds along in the train; in some districts square miles of country is passed in which the forests have been wrung preparatory to settlement, and in some cases for no obvious reason, as the land is unfit for occupation and there stand those former monarchs of
Improving Care for Hospitalized, Opioid-Dependent Patients
Authors: Margot Kushel
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Challenges to the clinical application of pluripotent stem cells: towards genomic and functional stability
Authors: Xuemei Fu, Yang Xu
Journal: Genome Medicine (2012)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can undergo unlimited self-renewal and are pluripotent, retaining the ability to differentiate into all cell types in the body. As a renewable source of various types of human cells, hESCs hold great therapeutic potential. Although significant advances have been achieved in defining the conditions needed to differentiate hESCs into various types of biologically active cells, many challenges remain in the clinical development of hESC-based cell therapy, such as the immune rejection of allogeneic hESC-derived cells by recipients. Breakthroughs in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are reprogrammed from somatic cells with defined factors, raise the hope that autologous cells derived from patient-specific iPSCs can be transplanted without immune rejection. However, recent genomic studies have revealed epigenetic and genetic abnormalities associated with induced pluripotency, a risk of teratomas, and immunogenicity of some iPSC derivatives. These findings have raised safety concerns for iPSC-based therapy. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the genomic and functional stability of human pluripotent stem cells, current challenges to their clinical application and the progress that has been made to overcome these challenges.
Catabolism of very low density lipoproteins in experimental nephrosis.
Authors: D W Garber, B A Gottlieb, J B Marsh, C E Sparks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The effects of experimental nephrosis in rats, produced by puromycin aminonucleoside, include an elevation of plasma levels of all lipoprotein density classes and the appearance of high density lipoprotein (HDL) rich in apoprotein (apo) A-I and deficient in apo A-IV and apo E. The hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with an increase in hepatic synthesis of lipoproteins. The possible role of decreased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL were obtained from nonfasting animals by ultracentrifugation at d 1.006 and included chylomicrons) catabolism and its relationship to the apolipoprotein composition of nephrotic high density lipoproteins (1.063 less than d less than 1.210, or 1.072 less than d less than 1.210 [HDL]) was explored. When 125I-VLDL was injected, the faster plasma clearance of lower molecular weight apolipoprotein B (apo BL) compared with that of higher molecular weight apo BH which is seen in normal rats was not observed in nephrotic rats. Less labeled phospholipid, apo C, and apo E were transferred from VLDL to higher lipoprotein density classes. Heparin-releasable plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities were decreased by 50% in nephrotic rats compared with pair-fed controls. Perfusion of livers with medium that contained heparin released 50% less lipase activity in nephrotic rats than in controls. When heparin was injected intravenously, significant decreases in plasma levels of triglycerides and significant increases in levels of free fatty acids were observed in both groups of animals. In the nephrotic rats, 86% of the free fatty acids were in the lipoprotein fractions, as compared with 16% in the controls. Heparin treatment did not restore to normal the decreased apo BL clearance in nephrotic rats but it produced an increased amount of apo A-IV and apo E in the plasma HDL. In vitro addition of partially pure lipoprotein lipase to whole serum from nephrotic rats significantly increased the content of apo E in HDL. We conclude that the abnormal apoprotein composition of HDL in experimental nephrosis is the result of altered entry of apolipoproteins from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, probably because of decreased lipolysis.
Myelopathy associated with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in a white European native to England.
Authors: A. Ali, P. Rudge
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Myelopathy associated with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in a white European native to England Amza Ali, Peter Rudge (ELISA) at a titre of 101 5. Western blotting revealed significant titres (200) of antibodies to p18, p24, and gp62 antigens of the virus.The polymerase chain reaction with gag and pX primers also detected the presence of integrated human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 proviral DNA in peripheral blood lympho- cytes.Her husband was negative for virus antibodies by ELISA; permission was not granted to approach her daughter for testing.We thank Professor C D Marsden for referring this patient to us.
Effects of Insulin on Cholesterol Synthesis in Type II Diabetes Patients
Authors: Alessandro Scoppola, Guido Testa, Simona Frontoni, Elvira Maddaloni, Sergio Gambardella, Guido Menzinger, Alberto Lala
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of intensive insulin therapy and subsequent optimized metabolic control on daily urinary mevalonic acid (MVA) excretion, an index of whole-body cholesterol synthesis, and the acute effects of insulin on plasma MVA concentrations in type II diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ten (five men and five postmenopausal women) nonobese, normolipidemic (total cholesterol &amp;lt; 6.2 mmol/l, triglycerides &amp;lt; 2.82 mmol/l), type II diabetic patients in poor metabolic control (HbA1c &amp;gt; 10%, fasting plasma glucose &amp;gt; 11 mmol/l) and receiving sulfonylurea treatment were selected. The 24-h urinary MVA excretion and plasma lipid values were determined before and after intensive insulin therapy. The acute effects of insulin on plasma MVA concentrations were also evaluated during a 3-h euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study. RESULTS Urinary MVA excretion rates (μmol/24h) were 1.82 ± 0.21 in control subjects and 2.49 ± 0.35 (P &amp;lt; 0.01 vs. control subjects) and 1.78 ± 0.28 in patients before and after intensive insulin therapy, respectively. Total cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides decreased by 9, 8, and 12%, respectively, after blood glucose optimization. Acute insulin infusion during the euglycemic clamp studies reduced mean plasma MVA concentrations at 120 and 180 min by 29 and 38%, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.01 for both vs. baseline). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that in nonobese, normolipidemic, type II diabetic patients under poor metabolic control, an increased cholesterol synthesis is normalized by insulin therapy. Hyperinsulinemia in the presence of euglycemia acutely decreases the circulating levels of MVA, the immediate product of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and an index of whole-body cholesterol synthesis.
Computed tomography of the brain, chest, and abdomen in the preoperative assessment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Authors: D Grant, D Edwards, P Goldstraw
Journal: Thorax (1988)

The benefit to be gained from carrying out computed tomography of brain and abdomen in addition to the chest has been evaluated retrospectively in 114 consecutive patients with non-small cell lung cancer who, on the basis of history, clinical examination, chest radiography, and bronchoscopy had been considered potentially operable. Computed tomography of the chest showed potentially inoperable tumour in 37 patients, of whom 25 had tumour confined to the chest. Three patients were shown to have malignant disease within the mediastinum and abdomen; five within the mediastinum and brain; and four within the mediastinum, abdomen, and brain. Computed tomography of the abdomen disclosed deposits in nine patients, but in only two were the abnormalities restricted to the abdomen. Computed tomography of the brain showed metastases in 10 patients, of whom only one had metastatic disease confined to the brain. Thus three patients had isolated deposits in the abdomen and brain. In 12 patients the identification of metastases in the abdomen and brain removed the need for mediastinoscopy. Preoperative computed tomography of the abdomen and brain detected occult metastases in 15 patients (13%) in this study. In three patients the extrathoracic abnormality proved the only contraindication to surgery, but in the other 12 it provided valuable corroborative evidence of incurability and facilitated the assessment of the mediastinal abnormality.
The Physician's Back Garden
Authors: E. P. Scarlett
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Rather more than two centuries ago a book was written by a Frenchman of virtuosity, great wit, and piercing clarity of speech. The book was<i>Candide</i>and the author was Voltaire. Europe at the time was in turmoil, and the writer advised the wise man, if he were to avoid skepticism and despair, to look to his own allotment and cultivate that. The advice is contained in the closing words of the book. The hero and his tutor are eating candied citrons and pistachio nuts and looking back on the past. Theirs had been a rough time. After some discussion Candide sums up: "The point is good, but we must cultivate our garden." He is in effect saying that if we ourselves are passive, it is no use relying upon artists, poets, and philosophers to improve the waste places of our souls. The ending of<i>Candide</i>is the beginning of my
Bioassay-directed fractionation and chemical identification of mutagens in bioremediated soils.
Authors: L R Brooks, T J Hughes, L D Claxton, B Austern, R Brenner, F Kremer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Soil from a Superfund site (Reilly Tar Site, St. Louis Park, Minnesota) contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from creosote was treated with several bioremediation technologies including bioslurry (BS), biopile (BP), compost (CMP), and land treatment (LT). These treatment technologies are being evaluated in pilot scale laboratory systems by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Risk Management Research Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio. To evaluate the genotoxicity and identify the mutagens in the soil before and after the various treatments, fractionated extracts of five soils were bioassayed for mutagenic activity with a microsuspension modification of the Salmonella histidine reversion assay. Soils were extracted by sonication using dichloromethane (DCM). The five extracts were fractionated in triplicate (two for bioassay and one for chemical analysis) by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using hexane/DCM/methanol, and the fraction for bioassay were solvent-exchanged into dimethyl sulfoxide by nitrogen evaporation. Forty HPLC fractions for each sample were bioassayed in strain YG1041 with and without exogenous liver metabolic activation. As shown in a companion paper, the mutagenicity of two treatments (BS and BP) was significantly greater than the mutagenicity of the untreated soil. Mutagenic fractions (> 500 revertants) were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). PAH analysis of the soils indicated that all treatments were effective in reducing the total PAH concentration (48-74%). Qualitative GC/MS analysis of the mutagenic fractions from the BS and BP treatments indicated that they contained azaarenes, which are mutagens. The CMP and LT processes were the most effective and least toxic bioremediation procedures based on mutagenic potency and chemical analysis. This research demonstrated that the combination of bioassays and chemical analysis provided a more accurate determination of toxicity in these complex environmental mixtures.
TCT-806 Thrombogenicity Of Novel Polyphosphazene Surface-modified Coronary Stent Compared To Standard Bare Metal Stent In Swine Shunt Model
Authors: Kenichi Sakakura, Qi Cheng, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Kazuyuki Yahagi, Mark Barakat, Jane Ren, Elena Ladich, Frank D. Kolodgie, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)