tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 266: Pay-It-Forward: A School-Centered Educational Intervention to Increase Bystander-Initiated Resuscitation in Neighborhoods
Authors: Marina Del Rios, Josiah Han, Ellen Demertsidis, Michelle Llerena, Lisa McGuire, Terry Vanden Hoek
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objective:  Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use are vital links in the chain of survival for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge acquisition and efficiency of a school-centered SCA response educational intervention.   Methods:  CPR Anytime kits were used to provide facilitated video self-instruction of compression-only CPR and AED use to 9 th  and 10 th  graders. Participants in the classroom-based educational intervention took the CPR Anytime kits home to train friends and family in our pay-it-forward model. The primary outcome measure was knowledge acquisition as determined by pre- and post-assessment surveys. The secondary outcome measure was training efficiency as determined by: (i) the training efficiency index for cardiac arrest (TEICA), i.e., volunteer hours per person trained, and (ii) cardiac arrest training yield (CATY), i.e., number trained/neighborhood population.   Results:  The average percent increase of correct responses between pre and post surveys among the students was 111.8%. The average percent increase in the pay-it-forward participants was 49.5%. Four volunteer hours were used to train 418 people (71 students plus 347 friends and family members) for a TEICA of 0.0096 hours/person. The school neighborhood has 10 middle and high schools serving a population of 20,881. If we assume that this school serves 10% of the neighborhood population, the CATY for this intervention is 20% (418 / 2088). Conclusion:  Our Pay-it-forward model is an efficient way to deliver an SCA educational intervention in neighborhoods. Because schools are centrally-organized settings to which all children and their families have access, school-centered interventions may significantly increase bystander CPR and AED use. Future research will seek to determine long-term knowledge retention of this educational intervention.
Syncope in Patients With an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: Incidence, Prediction and Implications for Driving Restrictions 11To discuss this article on-line, visit the ACC Home Page at www.acc.org/membersand click on the JACC Forum
Authors: Dietmar Bänsch, Jürgen Brunn, Marco Castrucci, Max Weber, Frank Gietzen, Martin Borggrefe, Günter Breithardt, Michael Block
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Abstract 12435: Detection of Injured Border Zone Myocardium Using Manganese-Enhanced and Delayed-Enhanced MRI in a Pig Ischemia-Reperfusion Model
Authors: Rajesh Dash, Jaehoon Chung, Annett Hahn-Windgassen, Yuka Matsuura, Fumiaki Ikeno, Jennifer Lyons, Tomohiro Teramoto, Alan C. Yeung, Michael V. McConnell, Todd J. Brinton, Phillip Harnish, Phillip C. Yang
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Accurate myocardial tissue characterization could enhance ischemic heart disease treatment. Delayed gadolinium (Gd) enhancement MRI (DEMRI) can overestimate infarct size and cannot reli...
"Hot" Labs Take on Dangerous Pathogens
Authors: Paul D Thacker
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhibitory Effects of Certain Benzimidazole Derivatives on the Production of Azo Dye Liver Tumors
Authors: C. C. Clayton, L. D. Abbott
Journal: Cancer Research (1958)

Summary  Liver tumor induction by 3′-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene could be completely prevented by feeding 2,5-dimethylbenzimidazole or 2-ethyl-5-methylbenzimidazole at a level of 0.5 per cent in the diet concurrently with the azo dye. Lower levels, down to 0.1 per cent, also inhibited tumor formation. Benzimidazole (0.5 per cent) produced some, but not complete, inhibition; 0.5 per cent benzotriazole and 5-methylbenzotriazole were ineffective. Feeding the inhibitory benzimidazoles after the dye or between two dye-feeding periods did not affect tumor incidence. The benzimidazoles tended to prevent the decrease in liver riboflavin caused by the carcinogen, and less total and bound dye was found in the liver.
Acute myeloid leukemia M4 with bone marrow eosinophilia (M4Eo) and inv(16)(p13q22) exhibits a specific immunophenotype with CD2 expression
Authors: HJ Adriaansen, PA te Boekhorst, AM Hagemeijer, CE van der Schoot, HR Delwel, JJ van Dongen
Journal: Blood (1993)
Quality of medical information on the Internet
Authors: Robert Kiley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1998)

After the recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of Viagra (sildenafil), the male erectile dysfunction drug, several Web sites came online and began marketing products with names such as 'Vaegra' and 'Viagro'. Though these were in reality nothing more than herbal supplements, by using a similar sounding name and citing the promotional data published by Pfizer Pharmaceuticals the purveyors were trying to mislead potential patients1. When Pfizer began filing law suits, these Web sites quickly disappeared. More distressing are the Web sites that offer 'miracle cures' to people with chronic diseases. The Web pages of the Royal Rife Research Society, for example, have details of an electromagnetic 'frequency instrument' that can destroy cancer, and 'nearly every affliction known to man'2. Moreover, it is 'rapid, completely harmless [and has] no side effects'. In one study, or so the site informs the reader, (every patient recovered without side effects of any kind'. Details of the study are vague, and a search of the MEDLINE database (1996-April 1998), CancerLit and the Cochrane Library yields no mention of the research Rife conducted or any clear evidence to support the claims made by this site. These two examples demonstrate the potential danger of using the Internet as a source of medical information. However, this does not mean we should stop using the Internet. Just as we appraise stories we read in our newspapers perhaps giving more credence to an editorial in The Times than we would to a reader's letter in a tabloid newspaper-we need to apply the same methodologies to the resources we find on the Internet. With this purpose in mind this article highlights several tools you can use to help ensure that you-or your patients are not subjected to inaccurate or fraudulent medical information on the Internet.
Therapeutic advantages of inhibition of HSP90 and proteasomal inhibition in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Robert B. Shirley, M. Vijay Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

5314   Disruption of the function of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) by 17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) is currently being tested in clinical trials. 17-AAG interferes with the binding of HSP90 to client proteins, resulting in the loss-of-function and degradation of the client protein by ubiquitination and proteasomal action. The high dose of 17-AAG required for apoptosis produces significant adverse effects. Degradation of proteins by proteasomes is inhibited by treatment with proteasomal inhibitors such as Velcade, which is under clinical trials for cancer therapy. Therefore, we determined the advantages of combined treatment with both 17-AAG and the proteasomal inhibitor, Lactacystin. Treatment of LNCaP prostate cancer cells with increasing concentrations of 17-AAG or Lactacystin, resulted in dose-dependent caspase activation and apoptosis, indicating that individually both drugs are able to induce significant apoptosis. However, combination of moderate doses of lactacystin and 17-AAG resulted in significantly greater cell death compared to individual drugs. Furthermore, treatment with 17-AAG and/or Lactacystin decreased IKK proteins, reduced phosphorylation of IκBα and decreased NFκB activity, indicating that the combination of 17-AAG and Lactacystin induced cell death by down-regulating survival pathways in addition to activating apoptotic pathways. Changes in mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were also examined to determine the mechanism of action of 17-AAG and Lactacystin. Lactacystin did not alter the levels of phosho-ERK1/2, while 17-AAG alone or in combination with Lactacystin significantly reduced its levels. Likewise, 17-AAG and Lactacystin alone or together reduced the expression of MKK3, which activates p38 when phosphorylated. Thus, inhibition of HSP90 interaction with members of the MAPK family altered cell cycling. In addition, in the absence of ERK1/2 signaling, Rb-e2F1 signaling may be altered, leading to the induction of p53-mediated apoptosis, as a significant increase in the expression of phospho-p53 S15 , p21 Cip1/Waf1  and p27 Kip1  proteins was noted. Alternately, the increased activation of JNK expression by Lactacystin correlated with increased apoptosis. Treatment also altered the levels of phosphorylated JNK (T183/Y185) , possibly mediated through the altered function of members of the death receptor complex. This study indicates that the therapeutic effects of 17-AAG and Lactacystin were mediated through reduced activity of the IKK-NFκB axis and/or changing the expression of proteins within the MAPK axis.
Presidential Candidates’ Commentaries
Authors: Aaron E Glatt
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract MP47: The Association of Socioeconomic Status with Subclinical Myocardial Damage
Authors: Anna E Fretz, Andrea L Schneider, John McEvoy, Ron Hoogeveen, Christie M Ballantyne, Joseph Coresh, Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and clinical cardiovascular events is well established. However, little is known about the relationship between SES and subclinical myocardial damage, as assessed by a novel highly sensitive assay for cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 11,411 participants from the ARIC Study with no history of cardiovascular disease who had hs-cTnT measured at visit 2 (1990-1992). SES was defined using either annual household income, categorized as: low (&lt;$16,000), mid-level ($16,000 - $34,999), high (≥ $35,000), or lifetime educational attainment, categorized as: low (&lt;12th grade), mid-level (12th grade/some college) and high (college degree or higher). hs-cTnT was categorized as non-elevated (&lt;14 ng/L) and elevated (≥ 14ng/L). Poisson regression was used to generate prevalence ratios for elevated hs-cTnT, separately by level of income and education after adjusting for demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. Results: Persons with low income or low education were more likely to have subclinical myocardial damage as assessed by elevated hs-cTnT (≥14ng/L). Adjusted prevalence ratios for elevated troponin comparing low to high levels of income and education were 1.74 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.29) and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.97), respectively (Table, Model 1). These results were slightly attenuated, but remained statistically significant after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and health behaviors (Models 2 and 3). Race-stratified results demonstrate a somewhat stronger and only significant association of low education with subclinical myocardial damage in blacks compared to whites (PR 1.83 vs 1.05, p-interaction =0.08). There was no race interaction with income (p-interaction =0.33). Conclusions: Low SES was associated with elevated hs-cTnT, independent of cardiovascular risk factors, especially in blacks. Further research is needed to explore how low SES contributes to subclinical myocardial damage.
Serums and Vaccines in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease
Authors: Benjamin White
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1929)

Article1 October 1929Serums and Vaccines in the Prevention and Treatment of DiseaseBENJAMIN WHITE, Ph.D.BENJAMIN WHITE, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-4-309 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe present popularity of serums and vaccines rests upon the known efficacy of such time-proven products as smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin; partly upon the hope that some of the newer and less thoroughly tried products may ward off or modify a disease; or sometimes upon the very human wish that even if we are sceptical, we can at least be doing something for the patient.As biologic therapy progresses it is fitting, and it may be useful, to make as careful and critical an appraisal as possible of the many serums and vaccines that are now offered to the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston*Read before the Thirteenth Annual Clinical Session of the American College of Physicians, Boston, April 10, 1929.†From the Antitoxin and Vaccine Laboratory of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1929Volume 3, Issue 4Page: 309-327KeywordsAntitoxinsBiologicsDiphtheriaPrevention, policy, and public healthResearch laboratoriesVaccines ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1929 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 13410: The Influence of Tube Voltage and Heart Rate on Agatston Calcium Score Measurement Using an in Vitro, a Novel ECG Gated Dual Energy Reconstruction CT Technique
Authors: Nobusada Funabashi, Hiroyuki Takaoka, Joji Ohta, Ryosuke Irie, Ryo Morimoto, Yasuaki Namihira, Miki Aiba, Koya Ozawa, Yoshitada Masuda, Yoshio Kobayashi
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Dual energy CT is a novel CT technique with which virtual images were reconstructed at any tube voltage between dual tube voltages and with which calcium composition can be differentiated.   Hypothesis:  To evaluate the influence of tube voltage and pulse rate on the accuracy of Agatston calcium scores (ACS) over a wide range of calcification states using an in vitro, dual energy, reconstruction CT technique.   Methods:  Mock, calcified blood vessels with maximum CT values of 200, 300 and 400 HU were pulsed at 40-120 beats/min (BPM). Retrospective ECG gated 320 slice CT was performed with a tube voltage of 80 and 135kV. Using volume exposure control to equalise signal to noise ratios, tube current was set at 380mA (80KV) and 100mA (135kV). Images were reconstructed using half (65 BPM) during the most static phase. Using the dual energy reconstruction technique, virtual images were reconstructed at 5kV intervals at a tube voltage of 85-130kV. The ACS, tube voltages and pulse rate were then measured for each calcified vessel.   Results:  The ACS for the 200 HU vessel at 40-70 BPM (relative to each static state) was accurate from 80-140kV, but decreased to    Conclusions:  When the tube voltage was low, i.e. 80-90KV, the ACS for 200-400HU vessels was stable at 40-120 BPM, but the ACS, especially with the 200HU vessel, decreased when the tube voltage and pulse rate increased, even though signal to noise ratios were equal.
Deep collective cancer invasion: Breaking radioresistance by anti-integrin therapy
Authors: Peter Friedl
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The tumor microenvironment contributes to cancer invasion, growth and survival and thereby impacts tumor responses to therapy. We here show for orthotopic fibrosarcoma and melanoma xenografts deep invasive growth driven by proliferation concurrent with collective invasion of multicellular strands along the normoxic perivascular stroma. Invasion was fast (up to 200 µm per day), non-destructive and independent of β1 and β3 integrins. Despite normoxia, perivascular invasion strands were resistant to high-dose hypofractionated irradiation which otherwise was sufficient to induce regression of the tumor main mass. This invasion-associated radioresistance was sensitive to the simultaneous inhibition of β1 and β3 integrins by RNA interference or combined anti-β1/aV integrin antibody treatment caused byproliferation arrest, anoikis induction ablating both tumor lesion and invasion strands. Thus, collective invasion is an important invasion mode in solid tumors into a microenvironmentally privileged perivascular survival niche which conveys radioresistance by integrin-dependent signals. Consequently, combining anti-integrin therapy with hypofractionated irradiation may be amenable to clinical cancer treatment of locally destructive and otherwise radioresistant tumor lesions.
Germ Line Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group C Mutations and Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Fergus J. Couch, Michele R. Johnson, Kari Rabe, Lisa Boardman, Robert McWilliams, Mariza de Andrade, Gloria Petersen
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Biallelic mutations in Fanconi anemia complementation group genes disrupt DNA repair and result in the complex Fanconi anemia phenotype. In addition, germ line mutations in the BRCA2/FANCD1 Fanconi anemia complementation group gene have also been implicated in predisposition to a number of cancers including pancreatic cancer. The recent identification of FANCC and FANCG mutations in resected pancreatic tumors selected for loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 9, some of which were present in the germ line DNA, suggests that inactivation of these and other Fanconi complementation group genes may contribute to pancreatic cancer. To further assess the relevance of FANCC and FANCG mutations to pancreatic cancer we conducted a mutation screen of these genes in DNA from blood of 421 sequentially collected pancreatic cancer cases diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic. Two truncating FANCC mutations but no truncating FANCG mutations were identified in young onset (&amp;lt;55 years) pancreatic cancer cases with no family history of pancreatic cancer. Both mutations were associated with loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type allele in corresponding pancreatic tumors. In addition, no truncating mutations were identified in germ line DNA from blood of 658 control individuals undergoing routine colonoscopy. Taken together these data support the assertion that inherited mutations in FANCC can predispose to pancreatic cancer.
KID syndrome: histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of precancerous and cancerous skin lesions
Authors: R. Bergman, A. Mercer, M. Indelman, E. Sprecher, N. Haim, L. Zoller, O. Ben-Izhak, D. Hershkovitz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, KID (keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness) syndrome is a rare ectodermal dysplasia (OMIM 148210) characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, photophobia and corneal vascularization, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, erythrokeratoderma, follicular hyperkeratosis and recurrent bacterial and fungal infections.1 KID syndrome is caused by heterozygous missense mutations in GJB2 encoding connexin (Cx) 26.1 Cxs form the intercellular channels of the gap junction and play an integral part in a variety of biological functions such as maintaining tissue homeostasis, cell growth control and development. A growing body of evidence indicates that the gap junction plays a pivotal role in tumour suppression by regulating cell–cell communication.2 Remarkably, KID syndrome is also associated with an increased susceptibility for squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the skin and tongue which have been observed in at least 10% of patients.1 Erythrokeratotic cutaneous plaques have frequently been observed in patients with KID syndrome as well.3–5 In one case, an SCC was found histopathologically to arise adjacent to a hyperkeratotic plaque which also harboured foci of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (PCH).4
Agency Offers Guidance on Office-Based Drug Treatment for Opioid Addiction
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal