tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonprotective and Temperature-Sensitive Variants of Marek’s Disease Vaccine Viruses&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R L Witter, L Offenbecker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

In an attempt to elucidate mechanisms of vaccinal immunity in Marek’s disease (MD), two nonprotective variants of MD vaccine viruses were compared with their counterpart protective viruses. The variant viruses were 200D, an MD virus stock passaged over 200 times in duck embryo fibroblast cultures, and HVT/hub, a stock of turkey herpesvirus passed over 70 times in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures. At doses up to 1.4×105 plaqueforming units, the viruses were partly (HVT/hub) or totally (200D) deficient in their abilities to protect chickens against MD. Similarly, they were partly (HVT/hub) or totally (200D) deficient in their abilities to replicate in vivo as measured by virus reisolation and antibody assays; however, both viruses replicated well in vitro. Attempts were unsuccessful to implicate host range mutation, temperature sensitivity, or autointerference as the basis for the defective in vivo replication. The variant viruses were antigenically similar to their counterpart protective vaccine viruses except that 200D lacked the A-antigen. The 200D (but not the HVT/hub) variant virus was identified as a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant characterized by 380°/41° C replication, plating efficiencies of greater than 103, and a high reversion frequency. These findings not only caution against the danger of over-attenuation of MD vaccine viruses with loss of immunizing potential but also identify a unique ts mutant of MD virus potentially useful as a tool for further studies.
BMP4 depletion by miR-200 inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Jeong Seon Kim, Jonathan M. Kurie, Young-Ho Ahn
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

MicroRNA-200 (miR-200) suppresses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of various cancer cells, including lung adenocarcinoma cells. We found that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) was decreased in miR-200-overexpressing cells and epithelial-like lung cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanism and role of BMP4 depletion by miR-200 in murine lung adenocarcinoma cells. BMP4 expression levels in murine lung cancer cells were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Promoter and 3′-untranslated region (UTR) luciferase reporter assays were performed to discover the mechanism of regulation of BMP4 by miR-200. Murine lung cancer cells were transfected with Bmp4 shRNAs, which were then injected into syngeneic mice to measure their tumorigenic and metastatic potential and cultured on Matrigel to study the influence of BMP4 on 3-D acinus formation. miR-200 down-regulated BMP4 via direct targeting of the GATA4 and GATA6 transcription factors that stimulate Bmp4 transcription. BMP4 up-regulated JAG2, an upstream factor of miR-200; therefore, JAG2, miR-200, and BMP4 form a regulatory loop. Bmp4 knockdown suppressed cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion and inhibited tumorigenesis and metastasis of lung cancer cells when injected into syngeneic mice. In addition, BMP4 was required for normal acinus formation in Matrigel 3-D culture of murine lung cancer cells, which may be mediated by MYH10, a downstream target of BMP4. BMP4 functions as a pro-tumorigenic factor in a murine lung cancer model, and its transcription is regulated by miR-200 and GATA4/6. Thus, we propose that BMP4 and its antagonists may be suitable therapeutic targets for the treatment of lung cancer.
The feasibility of medical thoracoscopy in the treatment of multi-locculated pleural effusion
Authors: Dohyung Kim, Bongsoo Son, Kildong Kim, Jungjoo Hwang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction   Optimal surgical procedure must be selected according to empyema stage in the treatment of multi-locculated empyema. However, it is difficult to select the optimal procedure using conventional staging systme. The medical thoracoscopy is an ideal diagnostic tool of pleural disease, we used medical thoracoscopy to evaluate the accurate staging of empyema and to select optimal surgical procedure.   Methods   108 patients were transferred to treat multi loculated pleural effusion. The type of surgical procedure was selected according to the empyema stage of American Thoracic Society. Group I (n=44) was staged according to conventional staging system such as onset time, pleural fluid finding and CT findings, and group II(n=64) according to the finding of medical thoracoscopy.   Results   There was no significant difference of morbidity and mortality between two groups (p   Conclusions   The medical throacoscopy is helpful to decide the optimal procedure in the treatment of multiple loculated empyema. We could decrease the incidence of open thoracotomy to use medical thoracoscopy.
Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Patients with Ovarian Neoplasia
Authors: C N Hudson, Marigold Curling, Penelope Potsides, D G Lowe
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1993)

The prevalence of several paraneoplastic syndromes associated with ovarian cancer was determined from a clinicopathological study of 908 patients with primary ovarian malignancy in the North East Thames Region. The diversity and rarity of these manifestations are great and the explanation for them is difficult. Circumstantial evidence suggests that in some cases an autoimmune phenomenon is the most plausible cause.
Increased detection of sentinel nodes in breast cancer patients with the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide tracer.
Authors: Isabel T Rubio, Sebastian Diaz-Botero, Antonio J Esgueva, Martin Espinosa-Bravo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

100 Background: The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) tracer for sentinel node biopsy (SLN) has shown non inferiority compared with the radioisotope technique in early breast cancer. False negative rates of SLN biopsy after neoadjuvant treatment (NAC) have decreased with dual tracer (radioisotope/dye) and with the excision of &gt; 2 SLNs. This study was designed to evaluate the outcome of SLN after NAC using a dual tracer (SPIO-Tc99) and to compare it with the SLN by same dual tracer in the adjuvant setting. Methods: Between July 2013 and March 2014, 30 patients with invasive breast cancer (IBC) and SLN biopsy after NAC (NAC- SLN), and 118 patients with IBC not treated with NAC (adjuvant SLN), whose SLN was traced by Tc99 and SPIO were included in the study. Patients were injected subareolar with Tc99 the day before surgery and with the SPIO intraoperatively. SLN was excised if it was radioactive, magnetic or palpable. Patients signed an inform consent. Results: Detection rate by Tc 99 was successful in 113 (95.7%) patients and by SPIO in 116 (98.3%) in the adjuvant SLN (P= 0.0833) while in the NAC-SLN group detection rate by Tc-99 was successful in 28 patients (93.3%) and by SPIO in 30 patients (100%) (P =0.1573). Concordance rates per patient in the adjuvant SLN between techniques was 98.2%, while in the NAC-SLN was 100%. (p = 0.4762) Mean number of SLNs excised by 99Tc and SPIO were 1.9 and 2.21 respectively in the adjuvant SLN, (p=0.001) while 1.533 and 2.60 respectively in the NAC-SLN group. (p=0.0016) In the adjuvant SLN, the SLN was positive in 36 patients (30%), and in the NAC-SLN in 9 patients (30%). In the adjuvant SLN, both techniques detected same number of positive nodes but in the NAC-SLN, 9 patients had a positive SLN by SPIO (&gt; 2 SLNs by SPIO and 1 SLN by Tc99) and 7 patients had a positive SLN by Tc99. Conclusions: Detection of SLNs with SPIO allows for easy identification of axillary nodes and can be used to reliably identify SLNs in breast cancer. Even though the small sample size in the NAC-SLN, the higher number of SLNs excised by the SPIO may optimize the success of SLN after NAC.
Surfactant Proteins A and D in Premature Baboons with Chronic Lung Injury (Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia)
Authors: SHANJANA AWASTHI, JACQUELINE J. COALSON, ERIKA CROUCH, FUNMAI YANG, RICHARD J. KING
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D) are believed to participate in the pulmonary host defense and the response to lung injury. In order to understand the effects of prematurity and lung injury on these proteins, we measured the amounts of SP-A and SP-D and their mRNAs in three groups of animals: (1) nonventilated premature baboon fetuses; (2) neonatal baboons delivered prematurely at 140 d gestation age (ga) and ventilated with PRN O2; (3) animals of the same age ventilated with 100% O2 to induce chronic lung injury. In nonventilated fetuses, tissue and lavage SP-A were barely detectable in baboons of 125 and 140 d ga, but they equaled or exceeded adult SP-A concentrations (g/g lung dry wt) at 175 d (term gestation, 185 d). In contrast, SP-D was readily detectable in tissue and lavage at 125 and 140 d ga. When the baboons of 140 d ga were ventilated for 10 d with 100% oxygen to produce chronic lung injury, the tissue concentration of SP-A was five times greater than that of normal adults; SP-D 16-times greater. Despite the sizable tissue pools of SP-A and SP-D, however, lavage SP-A was only 7% of that of normal adults and lavage SP-D just equaled the amount in normal adults. Nevertheless, because SP-D is normally in much lower concentration than is SP-A, their total comprised less than 12% of the SP-A and SP-D found in the lavage of a healthy adult. The results indicate that in chronic lung injury, SP-A is significantly reduced in the alveolar space. SP-D concentration in lavage is about equal to that in normal adults, possibly because of the 16-fold excess in tissue, but the total collectin pool in lavage is still significantly reduced. Because these collectins may bind and opsonize bacteria and viruses, decrements in their amounts may present additional risk to those premature infants who require prolonged periods of ventilatory support.
Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in AIDS-free HIV-1-infected patients: a collaborative analysis of 18 HIV cohort studies
Authors: Jonathan A C Sterne, Margaret May, Dominique Costagliola, Frank de Wolf, Andrew N Phillips, Ross Harris, Michele Jönsson Funk, Ronald B Geskus, John Gill, François Dabis, Jose M Miró, Amy C Justice, Bruno Ledergerber, Gerd Fätkenheuer, Robert S Hogg, Antonella D'Arminio Monforte, Michael Saag, Colette Smith, Schlomo Staszewski, Matthias Egger, Stephen R Cole
Journal: The Lancet (2009)
Association between body mass index (BMI) and markers of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma
Authors: Rachid Berair, Vijay Mistry, Amisha Singapuri, Sherif Gonem, Christopher Newby, Salman Siddiqui, Richard Kay, Christopher Brightling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background   Recently we have reported that bronchial submucosal, but not sputum, eosinophils are increased in obese severe asthmatics (1). However, the relationship between obesity and other markers of eosinophilic inflammation remains unclear.   Aim   Explore the association in asthma between BMI and markers of eosinophilic inflammation.   Methods   Patients with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma and sputum eosinophilia (>2%) underwent sputum, airway tissue and blood sampling in addition to exhaled nitric oxide measurement. Subjects had not participated in our earlier report (1). Sputum was analysed for eosinophil percentage and bronchial biopsies were analysed for eosinophilic inflammation expressed as cells/mm 2  of submucosa and of epithelium. Blood was tested for IgE, eosinophil count and eosinophilic cationic protein levels.   Results   61 patients were recruited with 34 undergoing endobronchial sampling. BMI was strongly correlated with submucosal eosinophils ( r  s =0.559, p=0.001) but neither with epithelial eosinophils nor with other blood or sputum eosinophilic markers. There was significant difference in submucosal eosinophils between groups of lean, overweight, obese and morbidly obese patients (p=0.009). Using multiple regression to control for the effect of corticosteroid use, BMI was a strong predictor of submucosal eosinophilia (R 2  change=0.349) (p=0.0001).   Conclusion   This study confirms that in moderate-to-severe asthma, BMI is associated with submucosal, but not with epithelial, sputum or blood eosinophilic markers. This relationship is not explained by the effect of corticosteroid use.  Ref: (1) Desai et al, AJRCCM, 2013; 188(6):657-63   Acknowledgements : Work funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals.
Using the Science of Psychosocial Care to Implement the New American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer Distress Screening Standard
Authors: Lynne I. Wagner, David Spiegel, Timothy Pearman
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

The American College of Surgeons (ACoS) Commission on Cancer (CoC) has advanced a new patient-centered accreditation standard requiring programs to implement psychosocial distress screening and referral for psychosocial care. The field of psychosocial oncology has advocated for routine distress screening as an integral component of quality cancer care since the NCCN Distress Management Panel first recommended this practice in 1999. Accreditation standards have a significant impact on practice patterns and quality of care. The new ACoS CoC Psychosocial Distress Screening Standard provides a unique opportunity to integrate the science of psychosocial care into clinical practice. National organizations, including the American Psychosocial Oncology Society, the Association of Oncology Social Work, the Cancer Support Community, and LIVESTRONG, can offer valuable guidance and resources. This article reviews ACoS CoC requirements, highlighting key research findings and providing practical considerations to guide programs with implementation. Although screening for distress encompasses many domains, this article reviews the evidence linking depression—one aspect of distress—and cancer outcomes to highlight the profound influence psychosocial care delivery can have on promoting medical outcomes and quality cancer survivorship. The authors describe distress screening program accomplishments at Northwestern University, including the electronic administration of NIH Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System computerized adaptive testing item banks. Electronic medical record integration facilitates real-time scoring, interpretation, provider notification, and triage for psychosocial care. Roughly one-third of patients have requested assistance with psychosocial needs. As ACoS CoC programs implement psychosocial distress screening and management, the emerging field of implementation science can guide future clinical program developments and research priorities.
Integration of conservative surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy for the treatment of early-stage, node-positive breast cancer: sequencing, timing, and outcome.
Authors: A Recht, S E Come, R S Gelman, M Goldstein, S Tishler, S M Gore, A L Abner, F A Vicini, B Silver, J L Connolly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

The optimal means of combining breast-conserving surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with early-stage, node-positive breast cancer is not known. We reviewed the results in 295 patients treated at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy and affiliated institutions from 1976 to 1985. All patients had positive axillary nodes on dissection, had no gross residual disease in the breast or axilla after surgery, and received breast irradiation (with or without nodal irradiation) and three or more cycles of a cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF)-based or doxorubicin-containing regimen. Median follow-up in patients without any failure was 78 months. Breast failure rates were assessed in relation to the sequencing of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The different sequences were not randomly assigned, and the characteristics of the sequence groups differed. The actuarial 5-year breast failure rate was 4% in 99 patients receiving radiotherapy before chemotherapy; 8% in 54 patients sequentially receiving some chemotherapy, then radiotherapy without concurrent chemotherapy, then further chemotherapy; and 6% in 116 patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the failure rate was 41% in 26 patients who received all chemotherapy before radiotherapy. The crude incidences of local failure within 4 years of treatment in these groups were 3%, 2%, 4%, and 15%, respectively (P = .065 for all four groups not being the same). The actuarial 5-year local failure rate was 5% for 252 patients irradiated within 16 weeks after surgery compared with 35% for 34 patients irradiated more than 16 weeks after surgery. The 4-year crude incidences were 4% and 12% for the two groups, respectively (P = .06). These results suggest that delaying the initiation of radiotherapy may result in an increased likelihood of local failure. Formal randomized controlled trials will be needed to confirm these results and to improve the integration of these treatment modalities.
Demographic and clinical comparison of obsessional followers and offenders with mental disorders
Authors: J R Meloy, S Gothard
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The purpose of this study was to compare certain demographic and clinical variables in a group of obsessional followers and in a group of offenders with mental disorders.A static group design comprised of a nonrandom group of convenience and a randomly selected comparison group was used. Twenty obsessional followers in custody and 30 offenders with mental disorders in custody were evaluated by psychiatrists and psychologists for court-ordered reasons during their criminal proceedings. Both groups were evaluated during the same period, in the same court diagnostic clinic, and for the same psycholegal reasons. The group of obsessional followers was measured on demographic, clinical, and victim variables. Inferential comparisons that used nonparametric statistics were done between groups on selected demographic and clinical variables.The obsessional followers were significantly older, more intelligent, and better educated than the offenders. There were no significant differences in DSM-III-R axis I diagnoses. Axis II diagnoses showed significant differences, with the obsessional followers more likely to have a personality disorder other than antisocial personality disorder and less likely to have antisocial personality disorder.The likelihood of obsessional followers having a nonantisocial axis II personality disorder (related to attachment pathology) distinguishes them from offenders with mental disorders in general. They are also likely to be older, smarter, and better educated, consistent with their resourcefulness and manipulativeness. Idiographic aspects of the obsessional followers further illuminate their psychological defenses and object relations.
Association study of ANXA11-R230C with sarcoidosis
Authors: Fotini Bardaka, Zoe Daniil, Katerina M. Antoniou, Antigoni Mamara, Foteini Malli, Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis, Anastasios E. Germenis, Matthaios Speletas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Recently, a genome wide association study demonstrates that the polymorphism ANXA11 -R230C (rs 1049550) is strongly associated with sarcoidosis, a chronic granulomatous disease (GD) of unknown etiology.

Aim: Considering that also other diseases are accompanied by granulomas formation, as observed in 10% of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the purpose of this study was to confirm the association of ANXA11 -R230C with sarcoidosis and to examine its possible association with GD in CVID.

Methods: DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 71 patients with sarcoidosis (M/F:24/47, mean age: 52.5 years, range:20-75), 101 normal individuals (M/F:35/66, mean age: 54.1 years, range:19-76), and 19 CVID patients (M/F:7/12, mean age: 28.1 years, range: 2-60), two of which had granulomatous disease (one with familial CVID history including a sister without GD). A PCR-RFLP protocol was designed to detect ANXA11 -R230C and statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software (ver.-10.0).Results: The difference in the allele frequency of ANXA11 -R230C between patients with sarcoidosis and healthy individuals was not marginally reached to be significant (p=0.073). The allele frequency of ANXA11 -R230C in CVID patients was 50.0% and no significant difference between patients with and without GD was observed. However, in the family with CVID, the member with GD carried only the R alleles, associated with granulomas formation, while her sister was heterozygous.

Conclusions: The association of ANXA11 -R230C with sarcoidosis was not confirmed, while the emerged contribution of this polymorphism in the granoulomas formation in CVID needs to be further clarified.
The natural history of eczema from birth to adult life: a cohort study
Authors: M.L. Burr, F.D.J. Dunstan, S. Hand, J.R. Ingram, K.P. Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Eczema is common in infancy; however, there is little evidence about its natural history to adulthood.To study the natural history of eczema from birth to young adult life with particular reference to its relation to atopy.A birth cohort of children with atopic family histories was followed for 23 years. Clinical examinations were conducted until the age of 7 years, skin-prick tests and serum total IgE were recorded in infancy and at ages 7 and 23 years, and questionnaires about eczema symptoms were completed at 15 and 23 years.Information was obtained on 497 subjects at birth, 482 at 1 year, 440 at 7 years, 363 at 15 years and 304 at 23 years. Eczema usually remitted from age 1 to 7 years but became more persistent from the age of 15 years, especially in those who were atopic. The prevalence of eczema rose in women from age 15 to 23 years but declined in men. Adults with eczema had higher IgE than those without at 3 months (geometric mean 3·0 vs. 1·7 kU L(-1); P=0·01), 7 years (107·9 vs. 45·2 kU L(-1); P=0·01) and 23 years (123·4 vs. 42·3 kU L(-1); P=0·01), and were more likely to have had positive skin-prick tests at 1 year of age. Current eczema was associated with raised IgE in infancy and adulthood but not in childhood.Predisposed infants and children with eczema usually grow out of the disease, but in adolescence it is more likely to persist. Adult eczema is related to atopy from the age of 3 months.