tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 167: Roles of adipocytes and M2-macrophages in high-fat diet-stimulated lymph node metastasis of B16F10 melanoma
Authors: Han Jin Cho, Jae I. Jung, Yoo Jin Jung, Ki Won Lee, Mi-Kyung Sung, Jung Han Yoon Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The tumor microenvironment consists of a number of distinct cell types including tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, and adipocytes, and produces a wide variety of factors, which contribute to tumor progression. We previously observed that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding stimulates solid tumor growth and lymph node (LN) metastasis in mice subcutaneously injected with B16F10 melanoma cells. We also observed that HFD feeding increases the number of lipid vacuoles and M2-macrophage (M2-Mϕ)s as well as the expression of various cytokines/growth factors in tumor tissues. In the present study, we noted that HFD increased the expression of CCR7 in the tumor. The concentrations of CCL19 and CCL21, the CCR7 ligands, were significantly higher in the LN than those in tumor, and HFD feeding increased the concentrations of these ligands in the LN with negligible changes in the tumor tissue creating higher concentration gradients of these two ligands between the LN and tumor. In order to explore the interactions between tumor cells, adipocytes, lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)s, and/or M2-Mϕs, we established in vitro co-culture models involving 3 distinct cell types. The mRNA levels of cytokines and growth factors were increased in B16F10 cells and M2-Mϕs when B16F10 cells, M2-Mϕs, and/or mature adipocyte (MA)s were co-cultured in a transwell system. Among these cytokines/growth factors, the mRNA levels of MCP-1 were synergistically increased in B16F10 cells when co-cultured with M2-Mϕs and MAs. The migration of monocytes was tremendously elevated when media conditioned by B16F10 cells/M2-Mϕs/MAs co-cultures was used as a chemoattractant. Furthermore, MAs increased the expression of CCR7 mRNA in B16F10 cells and the expression of CCL19 and CCL21 mRNAs in LECs. These results indicate that in HFD-fed mice, adipocytes induce MCP-1 expression and monocyte infiltration which play important roles in solid tumor growth and LN metastasis. Additionally, adipocyte-stimulated activation of CCL19, CCL21/CCR7 axis in lymphatic endothelial cells and tumor cells helps tumor cells to enter the lymphatic vessels and increased ligand concentration gradients between the LN and tumor facilitate tumor cell migration to the LN. Citation Format: Han Jin Cho, Jae In Jung, Yoo Jin Jung, Ki Won Lee, Mi-Kyung Sung, Jung Han Yoon Park. Roles of adipocytes and M2-macrophages in high-fat diet-stimulated lymph node metastasis of B16F10 melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 167. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-167
Serum Total and Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypercholesterolemia in China
Authors: Jiang He, Dongfeng Gu, Kristi Reynolds, Xigui Wu, Paul Muntner, Jiangong Zhao, Jing Chen, Donghai Liu, Jingping Mo, Paul K. Whelton
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death in China. We examined the levels of serum total and lipoprotein cholesterol and status of awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia in China.A cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative sample of 15,540 Chinese adults 35 to 74 years of age was conducted during 2000 to 2001. Serum cholesterol was measured by use of standard methods, and information on treatment of hyperlipidemia was obtained by use of a standard questionnaire. Age-standardized mean levels of total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were 186.1, 51.7, 109.5, and 128.1 mg/dL, respectively. Of the Chinese population 35 to 74 years of age, 23.8% (112,500000 persons) had borderline high total cholesterol (200 to 239 mg/dL), and 9.0% (42,540000 persons) had high total cholesterol (> or =240 mg/dL). The population estimates for borderline high (130 to 159 mg/dL), high (160 to 189 mg/dL), and very high (> or =190 mg/dL) LDL cholesterol were 17.0% (80,122000 persons), 5.1% (24,329000 persons), and 2.7% (12,822000 persons), respectively. In addition, 19.2%, or 90 803 000 persons, had a low HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL). Among those who had a total cholesterol > or =200 mg/dL or who were on cholesterol-lowering medications, the proportion of men and women who were aware, treated, and controlled was only 8.8% and 7.5%, 3.5% and 3.4%, and 1.9% and 1.5%, respectively.The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was relatively high and the percentage of adults with controlled blood cholesterol was low in China. Prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia should be an important component of a national strategy to reduce the substantial and increasing burden of cardiovascular disease in China.
Fas/FADD-mediated activation of a specific program of inflammatory gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Friedemann J. Schaub, David K.M. Han, W. Conrad Liles, Lawrence D. Adams, Scott A. Coats, Ravi K. Ramachandran, Ronald A. Seifert, Stephen M. Schwartz, Daniel F. Bowen-Pope
Journal: Nature Medicine (2000)
Asthma self management preferences, attitudes and beliefs in primary care
Authors: Maureen George, Jennifer Kraft, Neika Vendetti, Ruth Pinilla, Ahmaad Johnson, Chantel Priolo, Rodalyn Gonzalez, Elizabeth Yim, Danielle Jackson, Dana Brown, Cynthia Rand
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Purpose: To describe self management preferences, attitudes and beliefs of urban adults with persistent asthma.

Subjects: Primary care patients prescribed inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).

Methods: Survey.

Results: A convenience sample of 141 subjects (78% female; 81% Black; 51% with ≤ high school education; 29% with commercial insurance; mean age 50.4 + 13.4; range 19-83) prescribed inhaled ICS for persistent asthma were enrolled from 5 sites (2 internal medicine, 2 family medicine and 1 federally qualified health clinic). Subjects completed a self-administered 39-item survey about their conventional and alternative asthma self management preferences, attitudes and beliefs. Seventy-six percent felt they needed daily ICS. Twenty-four subjects (17%) used ICS symptomatically. Additionally, 37% believed they were the best judge of whether they needed ICS or not. Several feared ICS addiction (21%) or tolerance (18%). Perhaps most distressing – 16% voiced concern that “someone may be experimenting on me by prescribing [ICS]” or that “someone may be experimenting on me by prescribing [ICS]” for writing ICS prescriptions. All subjects used some form of alternative self management, including fresh air/fan (84%), water (46%), steam/using warming therapies (35%), bathing/dressing prescriptives (30-35%), prayer (36%), teas (28%), coffee or “natural therapies” (18%), percussion (17%), or herbs, vitamins or mentholatum rubs (16%). Importantly, 31% felt the integration of both conventional and alternative approaches was superior to either one alone.

Conclusions: Patients have unique self management preferences, attitudes and beliefs that, if identified and discussed, could serve as the foundation of a tailored plan of care that may reduce barriers to ICS use.
A patient who changed my practice: The internet and a "small miracle"
Authors: D. Jelley
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Diagnosis-This is clinical.Radiographic changes are uncommon, and arthrography or magnetic resonance imaging is seldom indicated.Management-Most patients recover spontaneously, and therefore reassurance and conservative measures are the main management.These include rest, jaw exercises (opening and closing), a soft diet, and analgesics.If these are insufficient, it can be helpful to use plastic splints on the occlusal surfaces (occlusal splints) to reduce joint loading, heat, ultrasound treatment, anxiolytic agents, or antidepressants.A very small minority of patients fail to respond to the above measures and require local corticosteroid or sclerosant therapy, local nerve destruction, or, often as a last resort, joint surgery.
Efficacy of endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) using a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) for transbronchial sampling of peripheral lung lesions
Authors: R. Mustafa, S. Abdellati, M. Munavvar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Endobronchial ultrasonography with a radial scanning miniature probe provides cross-sectional images of peripheral pulmonary lesions. Ultrasound probe covered with a guide sheath is introduced via the bronchoscope and is withdrawn after localisation of the peripheral lesion. The guide sheath is left in situ to direct sampling.   Aim:  To assess the diagnostic yield and safety profile of this novel technique.   Methods:  Ten patients with peripheral lung lesions were selected for EBUS-GS sampling between january 2010 and June 2010. Guided sampling was later deferred in two cases with visible endobronchial disease at conventional bronchoscopy. EBUS-GS Transbronchial biopsy (TBB) and Bronchial brush (BB) specimens were obtained. With the knowledge of subsegment leading to the peripheral lesion, additional blind TBB and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens were also acquired following removal of the GS.   Results:  Mean size of the lesions sampled was 34 mm (22 to 52 mm). EBUS-GS TBB and BB specimens yielded a definite diagnosis of lung cancer in five (62.5%) patients. Three patients had no malignant cells in either EBUS-GS TBB or BB specimens. In one of these three patients, malignant cells were isolated from Blind TBB and BAL specimens which had been taken in addition to EBUS-GS samples. Hence a definite diagnosis of cancer was obtained in six (75%) patients. The procedure was well tolerated and none of the patients suffered major bleeding or pneumothorax.   Conclusion:  Diagnostic yield of transbronchial sampling of peripheral lung lesions is significantly improved with the use of EBUS-GS without an increase in complication rate.
A Commitment to High-Value Care Education From the Internal Medicine Community
Authors: Cynthia D. Smith, Wendy S. Levinson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

The Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), ABIM Foundation, and American College of Physicians are collaborating to enhance the education of physicians in high-value care (HVC) and make its practice an essential competency in undergraduate and postgraduate education by 2017. This article serves as the organizations' formal commitment to providing a foundation of HVC education on which others may build. The 5 key targets for HVC education are experiential learning and curriculum, environment and culture, clinical support, regulatory requirements, and sustainability. The goal is to train future health care professionals for whom HVC is part of normal practice, thus providing patients with improved clinical outcomes at a lower cost.
A novel oral tubulin inhibitor: Safety and preliminary efficacy of two Phase I studies with indibulin
Authors: Sant Chawla, Victoria Chua, Vinu Mohan, Kenneth Kita, Giovanni Abbadessa, Sachin Shah, Isett Laux, Linnea Chap, Suzanne Nichols, Lee Rosen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

B4    Purpose:   Indibulin is a novel oral tubulin inhibitor that arrests tumor cell growth at the G2/M phase. Its binding site overlaps with but is distinct from colchicine. It does not bind acetylated (neuronal) tubulin, and the neurotoxicity normally observed with other tubulin binders such as taxanes has not been seen in preclinical studies.  We are performing two Phase I studies (Phase I, Phase Ib) in the US that administer indibulin capsules to patients diagnosed with solid tumors. The two studies are designed to determine the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and preliminary metabolic and clinical efficacy of this investigational drug.   Procedures:  In the Phase I study, indibulin is administered continuously for 28 days (4-week cycles) at a starting dose of 400 mg twice daily (BID). In the Phase Ib trial, indibulin is given for either 21 or 28 days (4-week cycles) at a fixed dose of 600 mg BID. Patients remain on study until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs. Efficacy evaluations are regularly performed using either CT/MRI or both CT and PET scans.   Results:  Thirty patients have been treated to date and all are evaluable for safety. Twenty-one (70%) have received at least 2 cycles and are evaluable for efficacy. Baseline ECOG was ≤2. Baseline demographics (median values given, with range in parentheses) are: age=63 years (23-90); number of prior therapies=2 (0-12); and number of cycles administered=2 (0.67 to ≥11; total=79). Twelve patients were older than 65 years. The most common tumor types include sarcoma (13), pancreatic (3), ovarian and lung (2).  No DLTs have been observed and an MTD has not been reached. Common (>10% of patients) toxicities that are considered possibly study-drug related include mild to moderate fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and anorexia. Grade 3 neutropenia was reported in 1 patient.  Disease stabilization for ≥4 months has been reported in 6 patients, of whom 4 (66%) were dosed on the 28-day continuous schedule. Early PET scans (following 2 months of treatment) show a mean reduction in SUV (standard uptake value), with 5 metabolic stabilities, 1 complete metabolic response, and 1 partial metabolic response.   Conclusions:  Indibulin has been well tolerated and demonstrates preliminary evidence of metabolic and clinical activity. Most reported toxicities are mild to moderate, and there has been no drug-related neurotoxicity. Both studies are ongoing and updated data will be presented.
Abstract P322: Myocardial Contraction Fraction is an Independent Predictor of Incident Adverse Cardiovascular Events; The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Michael L Chuang, Philimon Gona, Connie W Tsao, Carol J Salton, Warren J Manning, Christopher J O'Donnell
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Myocardial contraction fraction (MCF) is the ratio of left ventricular (LV) stroke volume to myocardial volume, and thus a measure of LV pumping capacity per unit of myocardium. We sought to determine whether MCF measured using current steady-state free precession (SSFP) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) sequences was an independent predictor of incident “hard” cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, defined by myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, unstable angina (UA), hospitalized heart failure (HF) or CVD death in a community dwelling cohort initially free of these CVD events. Methods: 1794 members of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort (aged 65±9 years) underwent CMR between 2002-2006 using a 1.5-Tesla system with contiguous multislice SSFP cine imaging to encompass the left ventricle. MCF was determined from the cine images by a single observer blinded to participant characteristics. We tracked incident hard CVD events over median 6.5-year follow up and used Cox proportional hazards models (adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, treatment for hypertension) to determine hazard of hard CVD events per increment (0.10) of MCF. Results: MCF was determined in 1776 (99%) Offspring (835 men). Overall, MCF was greater in women (0.92±0.14 vs. 0.78±0.15 for men), p&lt;0.0001. There were 60 incident hard CVD events during follow up. Incident hard events included 26 MI, 2 UA, 13 stroke, 14 hospitalized HF and 5 CVD deaths. Offspring experiencing an incident event had lower MCF (0.78±0.19 vs. 0.86±0.15 for those free of events), p=0.002. On MV-adjusted Cox proportional hazards analyses, a greater MCF was protective against hard CVD events, HR [95% confidence intervals] = 0.76 [0.63 - 0.93] per 0.10 increment of MCF. Conclusion: Over 6.5-year follow-up, greater MCF is protective against major adverse CVD events, even after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors in a community dwelling cohort of middle-aged and older predominantly European-descended adults. Determination of MCF requires only knowledge of LV stroke volume and myocardial volume, both of which are routinely determined in a standard CMR examination of the left ventricle, and thus imposes no additional scan-time or analysis burden. While MCF may be clinically useful for prediction of risk for incident hard CVD events, its potential value in younger age groups and other ethnicities remains to be determined.
Abstract 20471: Thrombospondin-4 is a Key Mediator in Cardiac Aging
Authors: Dong I Lee, San S Yu, Djahida Bedja, David A Kass, Oscar H Cingolani
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) is a matricellular protein that is essential for the heart to adapt to stress. We previously demonstrated that mice lacking TSP4 develop heart failure (HF) when exposed to high blood pressure, the latter phenomenon being secondary to deficient extracellular matrix (ECM)-myocyte crosstalk. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that TSP4 is also a key mediator in cardiac aging. TSP4-/- mice and controls (WT) were followed for almost 3 years. TSP4 expression increased with aging as well as with exercise. TSP4-/- died at a younger age than WT (Kaplan-Meyer curve; p= 0.001). TSP4-/- developed HF (LVEF = 58 ± 12 vs 38 ± 14 %, for WT and TSP4-/-; p
Clinicopathological comparisons of index and second primary melanomas in paediatric and adult populations
Authors: G.W. Jung, M.A. Weinstock
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

The high incidence of cutaneous melanoma globally has sparked interest in the features associated with second primary melanomas (SPMs). To identify differences and similarities between index and second primary melanomas while comparing the absolute and relative risk of subsequent melanoma development in paediatric and adult patients. A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with invasive malignant melanoma from 1973 to 2008 inclusive was completed with data obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. In total, 208,289 patients were diagnosed with invasive melanoma in the SEER database from 1973 to 2008, with subsequent primary melanomas diagnosed in 6888 (3.3%). The incidence of SPMs increased with increasing age of diagnosis of the patient's first melanoma. However, the relative risk of developing a subsequent melanoma was nearly double for patients diagnosed with their first melanoma at the age of 19 years and younger compared with patients greater than the age of 19 years. Compared with a patient's initial invasive melanoma, 44% of the subjects had a different melanoma subtype with their subsequent melanoma. SPMs were located in a different anatomical site from the index malignancy in 55% of patients. Nodular melanomas were more common as index melanomas compared with SPMs. Although invasive cutaneous melanoma is primarily a malignancy of adulthood, the heightened relative risk of SPMs in the paediatric population calls for careful long-term scrutiny in this latter population following an index melanoma diagnosis.
CRYPTOCOCCOSIS: CLINICAL STAFF CONFERENCE AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
Authors: Norman B. Mccullough, Donald B. Louria, T. F. Hilbish, Louis B. Thomas, Chester Emmons
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1958)

Excerpt Dr. N. B. McCullough: In our clinical research program on the granulomatous diseases we have studied 10 cases of cryptococcosis. We are taking this opportunity to present some of the clinic...
Treating diarrhoea
Authors: S. J Taylor, A R Cadamy, G. Parkes, E R Blay, L A McCowat, W A M Cutting, D Steinke, T M MacDonald, J. W Inglesfield, D. Leung, P. Venkatesan, S. L Gorbach
Journal: BMJ (1997)

New method for expressing survival in cancerUse of percentage of "normal remaining life" may be confusing
Abstract 4348: TGF-β enhances mir-455-5p expression that regulates tumorigenesis through UBE2B in betel quid-associated oral cancer
Authors: Chao-Min Cheng, Shine-Gwo Shiah, Ya-Wen Chen, Jang-Yang Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Oral cancer is the fourth foremost case of death from cancer, and the major causes of death are local recurrence and distant metastasis. The strong associations between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and dietary habits such as alcohol consumption (A), betel quid chewing (B) and cigarette smoking (C) and its predominance in men have been well documented. Evidences have shown that miRNAs are involved in tumorigenesis of various cancers through regulating their downstream targets. In order to identify changes in miRNAs specific for betel quid-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we investigated the expression profiles of miRNAs in a panel of 40 pairs of OSCC specimens and their matched non-tumorous epithelial counterparts. Our data showed that the expression levels of mir-455-5p are significantly (P&amp;lt;0.0001) higher in tumor tissue than in their counterpart normal tissue. In addition, the expression levels of mir-455-5p in oral cancer cell lines are also higher than normal oral epithelial cell line. Knockdown of mir-455-5p reduces both anchorage-independent growth and proliferative ability in two head and neck cancer cells, and vice versa in mir-455-5p overexpressing cells. Collectively, these evidences showed that mir-455-5p serves as an oncomir in betel quid-associated oral cancer. Furthermore, by analyzing both the array data from cancer patients and cell lines, and then intersected with the results from website tools, we have identified ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2B (UBE2B) to be the target of mir-455-5p, which was further validated by 3′-UTR luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis. We also revealed that UBE2B suppression actually rescued both cell transformation and growth ability in mir-455-5p knockdown cells. Our data further demonstrated that the expression level of mir-455-5p is regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway. Moreover, mir-455-5p expression was suppressed by the treatment of TGF-β downstream regulators. In conclusion, our results showed that the expression of mir-455-5p is regulated by TGF-β-dependent pathway, which subsequently leads to alteration the expression of UBE2B and contribute to the tumorigenesis of betel quid-associated oral cancer. (This work was supported by following grants: National Health Research Institutes CA-101-PP-22, National Research Program for Biopharmaceuticals 100CAP015-5 and National Science Council 102-2325-B-400-007) Citation Format: Chao-Min Cheng, Shine-Gwo Shiah, Ya-Wen Chen, Jang-Yang Chang. TGF-β enhances mir-455-5p expression that regulates tumorigenesis through UBE2B in betel quid-associated oral cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4348. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4348