tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Presence of Pneumocystis jiroveci colonization in patients with COPD
Authors: Marijke Vanspauwen, Frits Franssen, Cathrien Bruggeman, Emiel Wouters, Catharina Linssen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Pneumocystis jiroveci infections are frequently detected in immunocompromised patients. However, evidence suggests that P. jiroveci can be detected in non-immunocompromised patients, where it colonizes the airways. Over the past years, P. jiroveci has been linked with COPD. P. jiroveci colonization may be associated with the severity of COPD and some evidence suggests a role for P. jiroveci in the progression of COPD in smokers. The present study investigates the presence of P. jiroveci in sputum samples of patients with COPD.

Material and methods: From March 2009 until September 2010, sputum samples from COPD patients clinically rehabilitating at the centre of expertise for chronic organ failure (CIRO) were included. Patients were followed during an 8 week period and sputum samples were collected during the stable state and during an acute exacerbation (AE). Sputum samples were analyzed for the presence of P. jiroveci by a real-time PCR assay.

Results: During the study period 509 sputum samples (218 patients) were collected clinically rehabilitating at CIRO Horn. A total of 184 samples (36%) were collected during the stable phase and 325 (63.8%) during an AE. P. jiroveci DNA was detected in 40 (8%) of all sputum samples. A total of 23 positive samples (57.5%) were detected during an AE and 17 during the stable state (42.5%).

Conclusion: 

In our population, P. jiroveci colonization could be detected in 8% of the sputum samples of COPD patients. Additional research is needed to clarify the role of P. jiroveci in the pathophysioloy of COPD.
A mRNA signature predicts outcome of patients (pts) with advanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with cisplatin (C) and vinorelbine (V): A ELCWP prospective study
Authors: Thierry Berghmans, Luc Willems, Marianne Paesmans, Lieveke Ameye, Jean-Jacques Lafitte, Anne-Pascale Meert, Arnaud Scherpereel, Alexis Cortot, Céline Mascaux, Ingrid CsToth, Tiffany Dernies, Nathalie Leclercq, Jean-Paul Sculier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background : C-based doublets are standard 1 st  line treatment for advanced NSCLC, without good predictor for response and survival, and important toxicity. Our aim is to identify a predictive mRNA signature for response to 1 st  line C (60 mg/m 2  D1) + V (25 mg/m 2 , D1+8), by comparing mRNA expression between responders (R) and non responders (NR).   Methods : Pts with NSCLC receiving 1 st  line CV are eligible. A bronchial biopsy was analysed for mRNA expression using whole human microarrays (Agilent Technologies). T-tests were used to compare mRNA expression between R and NR. Survival was measured from the registration date and response by WHO criteria.   Results : From 180 pts screened (04/2009 to 11/2011), 34 were assessable; 14 partial responses were observed. Fifty (fold change (FC) > 2) and 19 (FC > 3) mRNA were significantly differentially expressed between R and NR. After a stepwise variable selection, a two-mRNA signature predicted response with 93% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, 95% NPV. By restricting to the 19 mRNA with a FC > 3, a two mRNA signature predicted response with 100% sensitivity, 100% NPV, 70% specificity, 70% PPV. The two models have the same diagnostic performance (p=0.58). A 2 mRNA signature specifically predicting overall survival was designed using mRNA with a FC > 3. It distinguished pts with poor and good survival (HR 22.2; p    Conclusion : mRNA signatures predict response and are prognostic for survival in pts with NSCLC treated with CV in 1 st  line. The validation of these results in an independent cohort, taking in consideration conventional prognostic factors, is ongoing.
Remission of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder after interferon alfa therapy.
Authors: S O'Brien, R A Bernert, J L Logan, Y H Lien
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is one of the major complications of immunosuppressive therapy. PTLD is strongly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is believed that EBV-infected B cells proliferate in an unchecked manner due to suppression of cytotoxic T cells and elevation of B cell-promoting cytokines. There is no consensus on the treatment of PTLD other than reduction of immunosuppressive therapy. We report a case of PTLD with monoclonal B cells confined to the lymph nodes. The patient did not initially respond to reduction of immunosuppression, oral acyclovir, and intravenous immunoglobulin injection. She subsequently responded when subcutaneous injections of interferon alfa (5 million U) were given three times a week. The patient received a 3-mo course of interferon and remained in remission 12 mo after treatment. Her graft function was well maintained, and cyclosporin A was restarted 2 mo after achieving remission. The clinical manifestations, risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment of PTLD, as well as 12 previously reported cases of PTLD treated with interferon, were reviewed. On the basis of the results presented here, it appears that interferon alfa may be useful in treating PTLD and that there is a need for further clinical trials.
Neutrophil elastase levels is higher in patients with lung cancer than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Neringa Vaguliene, Simona Lavinskiene, Marius Zemaitis, Skaidrius Miliauskas, Raimundas Sakalauskas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a specific serine proteinase and it is a modulator of inflammation. Systemic and pulmonary inflammation has been associated with both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Still, an exact role of NE in pathogenesis of NSCLC, COPD and in coexistence of both diseases is unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate NE levels in NSCLC with and without COPD.   Methods:  Serum and BAL fluid (BALF) levels of NE were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 28 patients with NSCLC, 20 patients with moderate COPD, 25 patients with NSCLC and moderate COPD (NSCLC/COPD) and 10 healthy non-smoking individuals (HI). Periferial blood and BALF were collected from each patient before any treatment.   Results:  Serum NE levels were significantly higher in groups with NSCLC: NSCLC, NSCLC/COPD, compared to COPD or HI (620.6±77.5 ng/mL and 609.8±52.7 ng/mL vs 409.2±61.6 ng/mL and 243±23.9 ng/mL, p   Conclusions:  Our data suggest a higher levels of NE both in NSCLC and NSCLC/COPD than in COPD or HI.
The Case for Including Bowel Urgency in Toxicity Reporting After Pelvic Cancer Treatment
Authors: Caroline C. Henson, Carmel N. Anandadas, Lisa H. Barraclough, Ric Swindell, Catharine M.L. West, Susan E. Davidson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Bowel toxicity is a major complication of cancer treatment, and its accurate reporting is important for assessing outcomes. The NCI's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) is the preferred method for capturing adverse events after all cancer treatments, particularly within clinical trials. However, the CTCAE version 4 does not include urgency of defecation as an item, despite this being one of the most common and persistent adverse consequences of treatment of pelvic cancers. The importance of bowel urgency to patients is well documented, and this treatment effect has a negative impact on social function and quality of life. Bowel urgency is also important clinically because it may represent significant underlying problems. This article presents the case for including patient reported assessment of bowel urgency as an independent item in cancer treatment adverse event reporting.
Predicting the safety of air travel in ex-premature infants
Authors: Adelaide Withers, Andrew Wilson, Mary Sharp, Steven Resnick, Graham Hall
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Hypoxia is reported in preterm neonates during medical air transfer. Predicting in-flight hypoxia in preterm infants is difficult from available data.   Aims:  Further investigate the response of preterm infants to flight, identify factors that may predict in-flight hypoxia and the need for in-flight oxygen.   Methods:  A retrospective review of neonatal and in-flight data of all infants born  2 minutes. The impact of post-menstrual age (PMA), birth weight, duration of ventilatory support/oxygen, demographics at time of flight and duration of flight on the need for in-flight oxygen was assessed by Mann-Whitney tests.   Results:  141 infants completed flights during the review period. The mean (range) PMA at birth and flight was 31.9 (24-36) weeks and 36.1 (33.1-47.6) w, respectively. In-flight, 43 required supplemental oxygen. PMA at birth and flight, birth weight, gender and duration and type of ventilatory support and oxygen did not differ between those infants that required in-flight O2. Paradoxically, infants requiring in-flight oxygen (n=43) were heavier at the time of flight (p=0.024) and undertook shorter flights (p=0.001).   Conclusion:  A significant proportion of preterm infants require oxygen in the immediate post-natal period during air travel. In this analysis a requirement for oxygen could not be predicted by a range of neonatal outcomes. Neonatal units considering medical transfers of preterm infants should include options for in-flight oxygen to be available for these infants. Further research is required to understand the responses of young infants to air travel.
Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Study of Serum Retinol, Retinol-Binding Protein, Total Carotenoids, and Cancer Risk: A Summary&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Walter C. Willett, B. Frank Polk, Barbara A. Underwood, Curtis G. Hames
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

In a recently reported study by us, no significant associations were found between retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and total carotenoid levels in prediagnositic serum and the incidence of cancer at all sites combined. Inasmuch as other investigators, in addition to us, have not been able to confirm the two original reports of an inverse association between serum retinol and overall cancer incidence, the relationship, if it exists at all, is probably complex and limited to certain population subgroups. Such subgroups may be defined by extreme values of serum retinol, certain levels of other nutrients, or specific types of cancer. In the present study an inverse association was observed between serum retinol levels and cancer among subjects with low serum selenium levels and for subjects with gastrointestinal cancer. In addition, the risk of cancer was elevated for those individuals with the combination of low serum retinol and high RBP. However, since significant associations will arise by chance alone when many subgroups are examined, these findings are difficult to interpret. Additional studies will be needed to determine whether they are reproducible or are simply the results of chance.
Role of mean sUV and metabolic tumor volume by PET/CT for determination of mean survival time in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ercan Kurtipek, Mustafa Çayci, Nuri Düzgün, Hidir Esme, Süleyman Baktik, Murat Serhat Aygün, Yasar Ünlü, Cengiz Burnik, Taha Tahir Bekçi, Yüksel Terzi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:The study was designed to determine the relationship between survival time and maximum Standard Uptake Value (SUVmax), mean Standard Uptake Value (mSUV) and Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV) of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and examine the impact of clinical and radiological data of these patients on survival.  Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the files of 79 patients with NSCLC who presented to our hospital, received a final diagnosis and underwent FDG-PET/CT for staging. Clinical, radiological and FDG-PET/CT parameters with an impact on prognosis such as the SUVmax of the primary tumor, calculated by the volumetric region of interest in the FDG/PET/CT scans during initial diagnosis, the mean SUV of the tumor, and metabolic tumor volume (MTV), obtained with a threshold of SUVmax > 2.5 were recorded and statistically analysed.  Results: According to the Cox regression analysis, higher MTV (RR: 1.006, p=0.03) and mSUV (RR:1.302, p=0.03) had a significant impact on shortening of the mean survival time. However, no statistical significance was achieved for SUVmax measurements (RR:0.970, p=0,39). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between increased tumor size (   Conclusion:We believe that we might have more accurate information about survival time of our patients if we also evaluate mSUV and MTV in combination with SUVmax, which is frequently used for diagnosis and monitoring of patients with NSCLC during our daily practice.
No Evidence for an Association of Polymorphisms of the Tryptophan Hydroxylase Gene With Affective Disorders or Attempted Suicide Among Japanese Patients
Authors: Hiroshi Kunugi, Sugiko Ishida, Tadafumi Kato, Toshiyuki Sakai, Masahiko Tatsumi, Tetsuya Hirose, Shinichiro Nanko
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Tryptophan hydroxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin. The authors examined whether polymorphisms A218C and A779C in intron 7 of the tryptophan hydroxylase gene are associated with a risk for affective disorders or suicidal behavior.Subjects were 141 patients with bipolar disorder and 73 patients with unipolar affective disorder, 46 of whom had a history of attempted suicide, and 208 healthy volunteers. All subjects were unrelated to each other, and all were Japanese. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by digestion by a restriction enzyme and single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis.There was no significant genotypic or allelic association of the A218C polymorphism with bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, or history of attempted suicide. In nearly 100% of the subjects, genotypes for the A779C were identical to those for the A218C.The authors conclude that the examined polymorphisms are unlikely to have major relevance to the pathogenesis of affective disorders or suicidal behavior.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE β<sub>3</sub>-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR
Authors: A. Donny Strosberg
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1997)

▪ Abstract The β 3 subtype of adrenaline and noradrenaline receptors has now been extensively characterized at the structural and functional levels. Ligand binding and adenylyl cyclase activation studies helped define a β-adrenergic profile that is quite distinct from that of the β 1 -and β 2 -adrenergic receptors, but strongly reminiscent of most of the “atypical” responses reported in earlier pharmacologic studies. Human, other large mammal, and rodent receptors share most of the characteristic β 3 properties, although obvious species-specific differences have been identified. Recently, the incidence of a naturally occurring variant of the human β 3 -adrenergic receptor was shown to be correlated with hereditary obesity in Pima Indians and in Japanese individuals, and in Western obese patients with increased dynamic capacity to add on weight and develop non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). A mild weight increase was also shown to develop in female, but not male, mice in which the β 3 receptor gene was disrupted. Taken together, these results now provide a consistent picture of an important role of the β 3 -adrenoceptor in the regulation of lipid metabolism and as an obvious target for drugs to treat some forms of obesity.
Disclosure of medical error * Author's reply
Authors: P. Gooderham
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Examining the potential impact of the proposed two-year cut in otology training, Jaydip Ray and colleagues conclude that intensification of training would be necessary to eradicate the significant difference in specialist surgical experience between current year-four and year-six otology trainees (June 2005 JRSM 1 ).In our opinion their article misses the point regarding the changes.The proposed model of four years' general training followed by two years of specialist training will not require future year-four trainees to have comparable operative experience to today's year-six trainees, as implied.The Specialist Advisory Committee for Otolaryngology has set stage-specific criteria of required operative competencies for higher surgical trainees. 2Georgalas et al., 3 in a recent survey of otolaryngology trainees, concluded that all stage-specific criteria were currently being met, and that training standards were satisfactory across the UK.They concluded that current training is adequate and that a system of twotier trainees, with four years of general training and two years devoted to the subspecialties, would be an adequate option for the vast majority of specialist registrars, provided that current standards are maintained. 2 Training in specialist otological surgery will not be offered or assessed in the new four-year 'generalist' higher surgical rotations, since specialist experience will be gained in accredited otology fellowships for prospective otologists.
Association of Smoke-Free Laws With Lower Percentages of New and Current Smokers Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Anna V. Song, Lauren M. Dutra, Torsten B. Neilands, Stanton A. Glantz
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Smoke-free laws are associated with a lower prevalence of smoking. <h3>Objective</h3> To quantify the effect of 100% smoke-free laws on the smoking behavior of adolescents and young adults in a longitudinal analysis. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Pooled logistic regression and zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis of participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (data from 1997 to 2007), with complete data on initiation of smoking (n = 4098) and number of days respondents reported smoking in the past 30 days (n = 3913). <h3>Exposures</h3> Laws for 100% smoke-free workplaces, laws for 100% smoke-free bars, and state cigarette taxes. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Smoking initiation (first report of smoking cigarette), current (for 30 days) smoking, and number of days respondents reported smoking in the past 30 days among current smokers. <h3>Results</h3> Laws for 100% smoke-free workplaces, but not bars, were associated with significantly lower odds of initiating smoking (odds ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.44-0.99]). Laws for 100% smoke-free bars were associated with lower odds of being a current smoker (odds ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.71-0.90]) and fewer days of smoking (incidence rate ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.80-0.90]) among current smokers. Taxes were associated with a lower percentage of new smokers but not current smokers among adolescents and young adults. The effect of smoke-free workplace laws on smoking initiation is equivalent to a $1.57 (in 2007 dollars) tax increase. Smoke-free bar laws are associated with lower rates of current smoking, as well as a decrease in the number of days reported smoking among current smokers. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Smoke-free laws are an important tobacco control tool. They not only protect bystanders from secondhand smoke but also contribute to less smoking among adolescents and young adults.
Reply to letter to the editor ‘Primum non nocere’ by Templeton and Šeruga
Authors: M. Aapro, V. Moebus, U. Nitz, J. O'Shaughnessy, P. Pronzato, M. Untch, D. Tomita, C. Bohac, B. Leyland-Jones
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Percutaneous coronary intervention: cardiogenic shock
Authors: J. Ducas
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Cardiogenic shock is the commonest cause of death after acute myocardial infarction. It occurs in 7% of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and 3% with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Cardiogenic shock is a progressive state of hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg) lasting at least 30 minutes, despite adequate preload and heart rate, which leads to systemic hypoperfusion. It is usually caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction. A patient requiring drug or mechanical support to maintain a systolic blood pressure over 90 mm Hg can also be considered as manifesting cardiogenic shock. As cardiac output and blood pressure fall, there is an increase in sympathetic tone, with subsequent cardiac and systemic effects—such as altered mental state, cold extremities, peripheral cyanosis, and urine output < 30 ml/hour. ### Cardiac effects In an attempt to maintain cardiac output, the remaining non-ischaemic myocardium becomes hypercontractile, and its oxygen consumption increases. The effectiveness of this response depends on the extent of current and previous left ventricular damage, the severity of coexisting coronary artery disease, and the presence of other cardiac pathology such as valve disease. A 65 year old man with a 3–4 hour history of acute anterior myocardial infarction had cardiogenic shock and acute pulmonary oedema, requiring mechanical ventilation and inotropic support. He underwent emergency angiography (top), which showed a totally occluded proximal left anterior descending artery (arrow). A soft tipped guidewire was passed across the occlusive thrombotic lesion, which was successfully stented (middle). Restoration of brisk antegrade flow down this artery (bottom) followed by insertion of an intra-aortic balloon pump markedly improved blood pressure and organ perfusion. The next day he was extubated and weaned off all inotropic drugs, and the intra-aortic balloon pump was removed Three possible outcomes may occur:
Protection of Adult BALB/c Mice Against MOPC 315 Myeloma by Neonatal Administration of Monoclonal Anti-idiotypic Antibody to MOPC 315 IgA2
Authors: Reginald Gorczynski, Reuben Baumal, Maria Boulanger, Alexander Marks
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Journal Article Protection of Adult BALB/c Mice Against MOPC 315 Myeloma by Neonatal Administration of Monoclonal Anti-idiotypic Antibody to MOPC 315 IgA Get access Reginald Gorczynski, Reginald Gorczynski Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reuben Baumal, Reuben Baumal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Maria Boulanger, Maria Boulanger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alexander Marks Alexander Marks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 77, Issue 3, September 1986, Pages 801–807, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/77.3.801 Published: 01 September 1986 Article history Received: 14 January 1986 Accepted: 12 May 1986 Published: 01 September 1986