tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P394: Opioid Use and Atrial Fibrillation: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (regards) Study
Authors: Waqas Qureshi, Wesley O'neal, Monika Safford, Paul Munter, Yulia Khednova, Suzanne Judd, Virginia Howard, George Howard, Elsayed Soliman
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: The use of opioids has been linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, suggesting a potential for an association with atrial fibrillation (AF). Conversely, opioid agonists have shown to reduce AF development in animals. It is unknown whether the use of opioids is associated with AF. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the baseline association between prescription opioid use and AF in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Methods: A total of 24,632 participants (mean age: 65 ± 9.4 years; 54% women; 40% blacks) were included in this analysis. Prescription use of opioids was ascertained by pill bottle review during the in-home study visit. AF was identified at baseline by the study electrocardiogram or self-reported history of a previous physician diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the cross-sectional association between opioid use and AF. Results: A total of 1,887 (7.6%) participants reported opioid use and 2,086 (8.5%) had evidence of AF at baseline. A total of 235 (12.5%) opioid users and 1,851 (8.1%) non-opioid users had AF (p&lt;0.001). In a model adjusted for age, sex, race, region of residence, income, and education, systolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications, aspirin, coronary heart disease, stroke, C-reactive protein, serum creatinine, albumin-to-creatinine ratio, peripheral arterial disease, and electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, opioid use was associated a higher prevalence of AF (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.16, 1.57). The results were consistent across subgroups of stratified by age, sex, race, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Conclusions: In REGARDS, AF was more common among opioid users. Further research is needed to confirm our findings and to explore the underlying mechanisms of this association.
Substance Abuse and Other Adverse Outcomes for Military-Connected Youth in California
Authors: Kathrine Sullivan, Gordon Capp, Tamika D. Gilreath, Rami Benbenishty, Ilan Roziner, Ron Avi Astor
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Military families and military-connected youth exhibit significant strengths; however, a sizeable proportion of these families appear to be struggling in the face of war-related stressors. Understanding the consequences of war is critical as a public health concern and because additional resources may be needed to support military families.To determine whether rates of adverse outcomes are higher for military-connected adolescents during war compared with nonmilitary peers.This study is a secondary data analysis of a large, normative, and geographically comprehensive administrative data set (2013 California Healthy Kids Survey) to determine whether military-connected youth are at risk for adverse outcomes, including substance use, experiencing violence and harassment, and weapon carrying, during wartime. These outcomes are of particular concern because they affect socioemotional adjustment and academic success. Data were collected in March and April 2013 and participants included 54,679 military-connected and 634,034 nonmilitary-connected secondary school students from public civilian schools in every county and almost all school districts in California.Outcomes included lifetime and recent use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, prescription medications, and other drugs, as well as experiences of physical and nonphysical violence and harassment and weapon carrying during the last year.Multivariable logistic regression models indicated that military-connected youth had greater odds of substance use, experience of physical violence and nonphysical harassment, and weapon carrying. For example, military-connected youth had 73% greater odds of recent other drug use (eg, cocaine and lysergic acid diethylamide; odds ratio [OR], 1.73; 95% CI, 1.66-1.80) and twice the odds of bringing a gun to school (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 2.10-2.30) compared with nonmilitary-connected peers. Their odds of being threatened with a weapon or being in a fight were also significantly higher than their civilian counterparts (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.80-1.95 and OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.62-1.71, respectively).Most military-connected youth demonstrate resilience. However, results suggest that during wartime, military-connected youth are at increased risk for adverse outcomes. Further, when compared with data from 2011, the rates of these negative outcomes appear to be increasing. These findings suggest a need to identify and intervene with military-connected adolescents and reflect a larger concern regarding the well-being of military families during wartime.
Renal Function in Mice
Authors: LUDEK CERVENKA, KENNETH D. MITCHELL, L. GABRIEL NAVAR
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. The present study was performed to validate a simple means for assessing renal function in anesthetized mice and to characterize the renal hemodynamic responses to acute volume expansion and how these responses are altered by concurrent angiotensin II (AngII) infusions. Inulin and para-aminohippurate clearances were used to assess GFR and renal plasma flow (RPF) in three groups of male C57B1/6 mice anesthetized with inactin (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). To avoid the hypotension associated with repeated blood sampling, a single blood sample was taken after three timed urine collections. Renal function and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured under euvolemic conditions (2.5 μl/min, intravenously, n = 7) during isotonic saline volume expansion (12.5 μl/min, intravenously, n = 5) and during volume expansion with concurrent AngII infusion (5 ng/min · g, n = 5). MAP in the control group was 77 ± 2 mmHg; volume expansion alone did not change MAP significantly (83 ± 2 mmHg), but led to significantly greater values in both GFR and RPF (1.35 ± 0.14 versus 1.01 ± 0.1 ml/min · g and 11.26 ± 1.39 versus 6.29 ± 0.5 ml/min · g, respectively). Infusion of AngII during volume expansion led to significant elevations of MAP (100 ± 3 mmHg, P &lt; 0.05) and prevented the increases in GFR and RPF elicited by volume expansion (0.77 ± 0.08 and 5.35 ± 0.48 ml/min · g, respectively). Volume expansion also elicited marked increases in absolute and fractional sodium excretion (6.1 ± 1.0 versus 0.62 ± 0.2 μEq/min · g and 3.1 ± 0.7 versus 0.4 ± 0.1%, respectively). AngII infusion attenuated the absolute and fractional sodium excretion responses to volume expansion (3.4 ± 1.2 μEq/min · g and 2.5 ± 0.5%, respectively). The present findings demonstrate that anesthetized mice exhibit marked renal hemodynamic and excretory responses to isotonic saline volume expansion. Concomitant AngII infusion attenuates these responses in spite of greater increases in arterial pressure.
Immunologic Heterogeneity of Tumor Cell Subpopulations From a Single Mouse Mammary Tumor&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: F R Miller, G H Heppner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Five subpopulations (66, 67, 68H, 168, and 4.10LM) obtained from a single BALB/cfC3H mammary adenocarcinoma were used to assess intratumor immunologic heterogeneity. BALB/c and BALB/cfC3H mice were immunized with each of the subpopulations, and lymph node cells (LNC) from immunized animals were tested for cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to each subpopulation in vitro by chromium release and microcytotoxicity tests and in vivo by Winn assays. The immunogenic character of the subpopulations differed markedly. The pattern of cross-reactivity indicated that at least two determinants were involved, one of which was probably a viral antigen. The viral antigen was expressed on 4 subpopulations (66, 68H, 168, and 4.10LM). The other determinant was immunogenic in both BALB/c and BALB/cfC3H mice and was expressed on 4 subpopulations (66, 67, 168, and 4.10lm). Thus 1 subpopulation (68H) expressed only the viral antigen, 1 (67) expressed only the other antigen, and 3 (66, 168, and 4.10LM) expressed both. Expression of the determinants showed qualitative and quantitative variations. Quantitative differences were noted by the relative effectiveness of the subpopulations to induce CMI and by the relative sensitivities to LNC-mediated killing. Qualitative differences were indicated by the occurrence of unidirectional cross-reactivities between some pairs of subpopulations; a determinant could be expressed so that the subpopulation could induce cytotoxic cells but not be sensitive to them or vice versa.
Teen in the Bathroom
Authors: Rebecca J. Fiala
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
High-level pressure support ventilation attenuates control mechanical ventilator-induced diaphragm injury in healthy rabbits
Authors: Huiqing Ge, Liying Chen, Kejing Ying
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  The aim of this study is to confirm HL-PSV can induce damage to the animal9s diaphragm compared to other mechanical ventilation modes at same level support.   Methods:  Twenty New Zealand Rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups (n=5 each group).no mechanical ventilation (CON); Control mode ventilation (CMV); Assist/control ventilation (A/C); High-level pressure support ventilation (HL-PSV) mode. Diaphragm electric activity (EAdi) was analyzed. Impact of diaphragm protease activation and muscle fiber injury were observed.   Results:  (1) Compared to CMV and A/C group, the level of Fc decreasing in HL-PSV is the lowest (P  (2) Compared to CMV and A/C group, HL-PSV group attenuated elevated active caspase-3 protein activation (p  . (3) PSV mode attenuated the diaphragm mitochondrial injury, according to the structure.   Conclusions:  HL-PSV mode for patients with ventilation support can prevent diaphragm injury and dysfunction.
Prospective estimation of IgG, IgG subclass and IgE antibodies to dietary proteins in infants with cow milk allergy
Authors: A. Høst, S. Husby, B. Gjesing, J. N. Larsen, H. Løwenstein
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Prospectively, serum levels of IgE, specific IgE antibodies (AB) to whole cow milk protein (CMP), bovine se‐albumin, bovine immunoglobulin, bovine lactoferrin, bovine lactalbumin and beta‐lactoglobulin (BLG), IgG and IgG subclass antibodies to ovalbumin (OA) and BLG, and IgG 4 RAST to CMP (bovine whey) were measured in 39 infants with cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) at birth (cord blood), at time of diagnosis and before and after milk challenge at the age of 12 months. Immunological measurements were also undertaken in 33 control infants without CMPA at birth, at 6 months and at 18 months. At no time, were differences found between the levels of IgG and IgG subclass AB to OA and BLG in control versus infants with CMPA. In the 39 infants with CMPA no correlation was found between the levels of IgE, IgG and IgG subclass AB in cord blood and subsequent levels of these values, irrespective of the type of CMPA (IgE‐mediated (CMA) or non‐IgE‐mediated (CMI)), and irrespective of whether remission had occurred. In cord blood 25/33 (76%) of the infants with CMPA had specific IgE‐AB to one or more of the bovine milk proteins indicating a prenatal intrauterine sensitization to cow milk protein. At 6 months the frequency of specific IgE‐AB to bovine milk proteins was significantly ( p &lt;0.05) higher in infants with CMA versus CMI, and at 12 months total serum‐IgE and the increase of these specific IGE‐AB and RAST to CMP were significantly higher ( p &lt;0.05) in infants with persistent CMA. From 6 to 12 months withholding milk resulted in a significant fall in specific IgE‐AB to CMP, and IgG, IgG, and IgG 4 anti‐BLG followed by an increase after milk challenge. Decreasing levels of IgG anti‐OA from birth to 6 months reflect passive maternal transfer of IgG through the placenta, and increasing levels of IgG anti‐BLG, already from birth to 6 months, may represent an early exposure to CMP in all infants. Significantly higher levels ( p &lt;0.05) of IgG anti‐OA AB, IgG, and IgG 4 anti‐BLG AB were found in infants with persistent CMA, indicating a close relation between the synthesis of IgE and IgG and between IgE and IgG subclasses (IgG, and IgG 4 ) in symptomatic cow milk‐allergic individuals. Determination of IgG AB and IgG subclass AB (IgG, and IgG 4 ) to BLG and bovine whey in cord blood appears unable to discern infants at high risk of development of CMPA. However, infants with persistent CMPA have an increased antibody response of specific IgE and IgG subclasses (IgG, and IgG 4 ) to CMP exposure.
Speckle tracking longitudinal strain imaging to assess right ventricular dyssynchrony in pulmonary hypertension patients
Authors: Bouchra Lamia, Carlos Molano, Catherine Viacroze, Antoine Cuvelier, Muir Jean Francois
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Prognosis in PH patients is related to right ventricular (RV) failure. We aimed to explore whether chronic RV pressure overload could induce RV dyssynchrony diagnosed using echocardiographic speckle tracking strain (STS).  Methods  Sixty-eight subjects were prospectively studied: 54 patients with PH (mean pulmonary artery pressure 41(10) mmHg) and 14 controls. Within one hour prior to RHC, patients underwent a 2D echocardiographic Doppler and STS analysis. Patients with PH confirmed on RHC and controls with normal RHC were included. RV echo parameters, global and regional RV contractility were measured. Dyssynchrony was defined as the maximum time difference between earliest and latest peak segmental strain among 6 RV segments.  Results  The maximum time difference for peak strain among segments was minimal in the control group (70 (30) ms). Dyssynchrony was increased in the PH group (187 (151) ms, p=0.0003). Global RV peak strain was decreased in PH patients (-15(7) vs-18(8)%, p=0.01). They had early RV septal contraction with time to peak strain for basal septum (487 (122) vs 530 (72) ms, p=0.03), mid septum (449 (83) vs 527(72) ms, p=0.002) and apical septum (466 (124) vs 545 (54 ms), p=0.01) occurring earlier. Only basal septum peak strain (-15 (6) vs -20 (5) %, p=0 .02) and mid peak strain (-16 (6) vs -19 (5) %, p=0.02) were depressed. Eighty four percent of patients with a normal TAPSE had RV dyssynchrony.  Conclusion  RV dyssynchrony quantified by echocardiographic STS is an early measure of RV dysfunction in PH patients. Global RV dysfunction and abnormal regional contractility were detected using speckle tracking strain before a decrease in TAPSE.
Effect of Endocrine Treatment on Sexuality in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Gunilla Berglund, Marianne Nystedt, Christina Bolund, Per-Olow Sjödén, Lars-Erik Rutquist
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To study the sexual effects of the 2-year adjuvant goserelin (Zoladex [Zeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden]) alone, tamoxifen alone, and Zoladex and tamoxifen in combination (ZT) versus no adjuvant endocrine therapy among premenopausal breast cancer patients with or without chemotherapy in a controlled clinical trial (a European multicenter trial: Zoladex in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study examined several aspects of sexuality through the use of self-administered questionnaires, which were completed by patients at seven points of assessment for 3 years after randomization. RESULTS: Patients treated with chemotherapy had a higher level of sexual dysfunction than did patients who received no systemic treatment. The addition of endocrine treatment did not alter this result. In contrast, among patients who did not receive chemotherapy, Zoladex and ZT produced a significantly higher level of dysfunction from 1 to 2 years after inclusion, as compared with those who received no endocrine treatment. Tamoxifen alone did not produce side effects. After termination of endocrine treatment, sexual dysfunction began to diminish. Those with chemotherapy had high and frequently increasing levels of dysfunction even after 2 to 3 years of independent of endocrine treatment. Zoladex had a negative effect on sexual fear, which was reduced by the addition of tamoxifen. CONCLUSION: Zoladex increased sexual dysfunction during treatment among patients without chemotherapy, but the disturbances of sexual functioning were reversible. The use of adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with continued sexual problems, even at 3 years after randomization.
Total mortality after changes in leisure time physical activity in 50 year old men: 35 year follow-up of population based cohort
Authors: Liisa Byberg, Håkan Melhus, Rolf Gedeborg, Johan Sundström, Anders Ahlbom, Björn Zethelius, Lars G Berglund, Alicja Wolk, Karl Michaëlsson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

To examine how change in level of physical activity after middle age influences mortality and to compare it with the effect of smoking cessation.Population based cohort study with follow-up over 35 years.Municipality of Uppsala, Sweden.2205 men aged 50 in 1970-3 who were reexamined at ages 60, 70, 77, and 82 years.Total (all cause) mortality.The absolute mortality rate was 27.1, 23.6, and 18.4 per 1000 person years in the groups with low, medium, and high physical activity, respectively. The relative rate reduction attributable to high physical activity was 32% for low and 22% for medium physical activity. Men who increased their physical activity level between the ages of 50 and 60 continued to have a higher mortality rate during the first five years of follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio 2.64, 95% confidence interval 1.32 to 5.27, compared with unchanged high physical activity). After 10 years of follow-up their increased physical activity was associated with reduced mortality to the level of men with unchanged high physical activity (1.10, 0.87 to 1.38). The reduction in mortality associated with increased physical activity (0.51, 0.26 to 0.97, compared with unchanged low physical activity) was similar to that associated with smoking cessation (0.64, 0.53 to 0.78, compared with continued smoking).Increased physical activity in middle age is eventually followed by a reduction in mortality to the same level as seen among men with constantly high physical activity. This reduction is comparable with that associated with smoking cessation.
Lung ultrasound as an ambulatory investigation tool in respiratory medicine: An audit of clinical practice
Authors: Giuseppe Francesco Sferrazza Papa, Giulia Michela Pellegrino, Paolo Carlucci, Michele Mondoni, Elena Parazzini, Fabiano Di Marco, Francesca Reali, Paola Fracasso, Massimo Verga, Sara Job, Marco Grattieri, Stefano Centanni
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

INTRODUCTION  Lung ultrasound is an imaging tool which is increasingly used by nonradiology physicians in the intensive care unit and the emergency department. However, there is a lack of data concerning lung ultrasound directly provided by the pulmonologist during ambulatory investigations.  METHODS  The study is an audit of clinical practice of the respiratory diseases ambulatory of a tertiary care university hospital. Consecutive lung ultrasounds, performed by pulmonologists, were prospectively recorded from April 2011 to February 2012. The main indication, methods and clinical consequences were registered on a web-database.  RESULTS  8 experienced operators performed 112 exams on 92 patients (aged 66+/-4 years, mean+/-sd, 42 females). The mean duration of the exam was 8+/-2 minutes. B-mode was used in all patients, while functions such as M-mode and Color-Doppler were needed in 10% and 4%. Convex probe was the most used as a single transducer (82% of the cases); linear probe was used in association with the convex or as unique probe in 22% of the exams. The main indications were: pleural effusion (32%), thoracentesis (25%), lung consolidation (12%), pneumothorax (10%), dyspnoea (8%), acute exacerbation of COPD (6%), heart failure (4%), and diaphragm dysfunction (2%). The pulmonologist who executed the exam reported that in 72% of the cases lung ultrasound had a clinical impact, even if minor, on patient management.  CONCLUSIONS  The execution of lung ultrasound is a rapid and feasible imaging tool which may often provide clinically relevant data during ambulatory consultations. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the impact of lung ultrasound on outpatients management.