tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human gene MAGE-3 codes for an antigen recognized on a melanoma by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Authors: B Gaugler, B Van den Eynde, P van der Bruggen, P Romero, J J Gaforio, E De Plaen, B Lethé, F Brasseur, T Boon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Human melanoma cell line MZ2-MEL expresses several antigens recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones. We reported previously the identification of a gene, named MAGE-1, that codes for one of these antigens named MZ2-E. We show here that antigen MZ2-D, which is present on the same tumor, is encoded by another member of the MAGE gene family named MAGE-3. Like MAGE-1, MAGE-3 is composed of three exons and the large open reading frame is entirely located in the third exon. Its sequence shows 73% identity with MAGE-1. Like MZ2-E, antigen MZ2-D is presented by HLA-A1. The antigenic peptide of MZ2-D is a nonapeptide that is encoded by the sequence of MAGE-3 that is homologous to the MAGE-1 sequence coding for the MZ2-E peptide. Competition experiments using single Ala-substituted peptides indicated that amino acid residues Asp in position 3 and Tyr in position 9 were essential for binding of the MAGE-1 peptide to HLA-A1. Gene MAGE-3 is expressed in many tumors of several types, such as melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lung carcinoma and breast carcinoma, but not in normal tissues except for testes. It is expressed in a larger proportion of melanoma samples than MAGE-1. MAGE-3 encoded antigens may therefore have a wide applicability for specific immunotherapy of melanoma patients.
Climate of fear
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Background</h3> Whether early reduction in albuminuria with atrasentan treatment predicts its long-term kidney-protective effect is unknown. <h3>Methods</h3> To assess the long-term effects on kidney outcomes of atrasentan versus placebo in the SONAR trial, we enrolled patients who had type 2 diabetes and CKD (stage 2–4) and a urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) of 300–5000 mg/g; participants were receiving maximum tolerated renin-angiotensin system inhibition. After 6 weeks exposure to 0.75 mg/day atrasentan (enrichment period), participants were randomized (stratified by UACR response during enrichment, ranging from ≤60% to &gt;0%) to continue atrasentan or transition to placebo. Primary kidney outcome was a composite of sustained serum creatinine doubling or ESKD. <h3>Results</h3> UACR response to atrasentan during enrichment persisted throughout the double-blind treatment phase and predicted the primary kidney outcome, whereas UACR levels with placebo remained below pre-enrichment values in the two highest UACR response strata, and exceeded pre-enrichment values in the two lowest strata. As a result, early UACR response to atrasentan during enrichment was also associated with the primary kidney outcome during placebo. Accordingly, the predictive effect of early albuminuria changes during atrasentan was eliminated after placebo correction, leading to a consistent relative risk reduction for the primary kidney outcome with atrasentan compared with placebo, irrespective of the initial UACR response. The difference between atrasentan and placebo in UACR during double-blind treatment was also consistent across UACR response strata. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings do not support UACR response as a causal predictor of atrasentan’s treatment effect. However, the variable trajectory in UACR with placebo, aspects of the trial design, day-to-day variability in albuminuria, and potential long-lasting effects of atrasentan may have contributed.
Studies of Kidney and Muscle Biopsy Specimens from Identical Twins Discordant for Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: M. W. Steffes, D. E. R. Sutherland, F. C. Goetz, S. S. Rich, S. M. Mauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

To distinguish metabolic from genetic factors in the development of microangiopathy in diabetes, we evaluated biopsy specimens of kidney and quadriceps muscle from seven pairs of identical twins who were discordant for Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Two of the diabetic patients had clinical diabetic nephropathy, including hypertension, marked albuminuria, and a substantially reduced creatinine clearance; the other five had normal renal function and only minor clinical indications of complications. All the twins of the diabetic patients had normal glomerular basement membrane widths and normal fractional volumes of the glomerular mesangium. Values for glomerular basement membrane width, tubular basement membrane width, and mesangial volume in each diabetic twin exceeded the values in the respective sibling (P≤0.0035), even if the value in the diabetic twin lay within established normal ranges. Values for muscle capillary basement membrane width in the diabetic twins did not differ from those in their siblings (P = 0.5). Our observations suggest that the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes are necessary, if not sufficient, for the development of glomerular abnormalities. We also conclude that in diabetic patients, alterations in muscle capillary basement membrane width do not necessarily accompany pathologic lesions in the kidney. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312:1282–7.)
RGMa modulates T cell responses and is involved in autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Rieko Muramatsu, Takekazu Kubo, Masahiro Mori, Yuka Nakamura, Yuki Fujita, Tsugio Akutsu, Tatsusada Okuno, Junko Taniguchi, Atsushi Kumanogoh, Mari Yoshida, Hideki Mochizuki, Satoshi Kuwabara, Toshihide Yamashita
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
A Plea for Prices in Physician Prescribing
Authors: Marcus M. Reidenberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In medical school, students learn nearly everything about a drug except its price. Since rational prescribing should take costs into account, drug prices should be presented just as side effects are, but satisfactory sources of price information are not available. A new fourth-year course in clinical pharmacology at Cornell University Medical College includes the completion of a personal formulary for 20 commonly prescribed drugs adapted from a program at the University of Extremadura Medical School.<sup>1</sup>In addition to the pharmacological effects, cost is requested on these drug information sheets. Carrying out the formulary exercise, we found that all of the information requested in the personal formulary<i>except</i>drug prices was obtained easily using standard references. The medical library's reference section did not contain any obvious source for price information. A hospital pharmacist suggested "the blue book," the<i>American Druggist First Databank Annual Directory of Pharmaceuticals</i>, a
The endothelial protein PLVAP in lymphatics controls the entry of lymphocytes and antigens into lymph nodes
Authors: Pia Rantakari, Kaisa Auvinen, Norma Jäppinen, Maria Kapraali, Joona Valtonen, Marika Karikoski, Heidi Gerke, Imtiaz Iftakhar-E-Khuda, Johannes Keuschnigg, Eiji Umemoto, Kazuo Tohya, Masayuki Miyasaka, Kati Elima, Sirpa Jalkanen, Marko Salmi
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Expression of the Gs protein alpha-subunit disrupts the normal program of differentiation in cultured murine myogenic cells.
Authors: C C Tsai, J E Saffitz, J J Billadello
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The manner in which growth factors acting at the cell surface regulate activity of myogenic basic-helix-loop-helix proteins in the nucleus and thus control the fate of committed skeletal myoblasts remains poorly understood. In this study, we report that immunoreactive Gs protein alpha-subunits (Gs alpha) localize to nuclei of proliferating C2C12 myoblasts but not to nuclei of differentiated postmitotic C2C12 myotubes. To explore the biological significance of this observation, we placed a cDNA encoding Gs alpha in an expression vector under the control of a steroid-inducible promoter and isolated colonies of stably transfected C2C12 myoblasts. Dexamethasone-induced expression of activated Gs alpha markedly delayed differentiation in comparison with uninduced stably transfected cells, which differentiated normally in mitogen-depleted media. Northern blot analysis showed that impaired differentiation was associated with delayed up-regulation of MyoD and myogenin and delayed down-regulation of Id, a dominant negative inhibitor of differentiation. Similar impairment of differentiation could not be reproduced in wild-type C2C12 cells by increasing intracellular cAMP either with forskolin or treatment with a cell-permeable cAMP analog. However, treatment of myoblasts with cholera toxin markedly inhibited myogenic differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggest a novel role for Gs alpha in modulating myogenic differentiation.
I. POLIOMYELITIC VIRUS IN HUMAN STOOLS
Authors: James D. Trask, John R. Paul, Alfred J. Vignec
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

1. The detection of the virus of poliomyelitis in 10 stools from 8 individuals is reported. All were in relation to epidemic poliomyelitis and 7 of them represented well recognized forms of the disease. The positive stools were distributed among 56 specimens collected from 53 persons in the first 4 weeks of illness. 2. The ease of detection of virus was directly related to the non-paralytic type of disease and inversely related to the age of the patients. 3. The negative results with stools employed for controls gives point to the use of the fecal examinations as an epidemiological tool. 4. The stability of the virus in feces has been demonstrated by successful mailing of samples over long distances and during the heat of summer. 5. At least one infective dose per gram of fecal material was extracted from one stool.
Lighting the Tunnel
Authors: Prathamesh Joshi, Vikram Lele
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Nonspecific accumulation of F FDG observed at sites of inflammation, during PET imaging of patients with cancer, is a known phenomenon, and PET/CT has evolved into a promising imaging technique to examine, diagnose, and manage inflammatory disorders. We describe nonspecific uptake of FDG in a patient with known malignancy, leading to incidental diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.
The hot line.
Authors: C A Watts
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The hot line is a telephone link between the White House and the Kremlin which was inaugurated in 1963 after the Cuba missile crisis. It was a much-needed line of communication to be used in cases of emergency. Lines of communication are an important part of medicine, which involves many people and services, the lines running from patient to doctor, from doctor to doctor, or between doctor and nursing or social services. It is perhaps true to say that in our modern world this system is at times a bit defective. The pace and progress in medicine have become so fast and so spectacular that doctors sometimes tend to be blinded by science and neglect this important side of their work. The physician of today, aided by modern technology, can make the most precise and erudite diagnoses, but if he fails to carry his patient along with him, if the sick person is kept in the dark and becomes frightened by the multiplicity of investiga tions, the last state of the patient can be worse than the first. From a strictly practical viewpoint, lines of communication can be divided into four main sections?face-to-face meetings, communications by telephone, letters, and second-hand messages.
Perforated Umbilical Hernia
Authors: Radheshyam Miryala, Ryan Neilan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 68-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and ascites presented to the emergency department after an episode of coughing that was followed by a rush of fluid and fat from the umbilicus. The patient reported no abdominal pain.
Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations in Measurements of Myocardial Blood Flow
Authors: RICHARD S. ROSS, GOTTLIEB C. FRIESINGER
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Indicators can be used to measure myocardial blood flow if the myocardial circulation can be isolated from other segments of the systemic circulation. Methods of measuring myocardial blood flow can be divided into groups according to the technic employed to provide "isolation" of the myocardium. There is no practical method of proved accuracy whereby coronary blood flow can be measured in man in absolute terms of ml./min. All the so-called clearance methods measure myocardial blood flow in flow/volume units or ml./min./100 Gm. Myocardial blood flow measurements in these flow/volume units have not proved useful in separation of normal individuals from those with ischemic heart disease at rest, but have been useful in the study of acute intervention such as exercise or the administration of drugs.
Plasma immunoreactive corticotrophin and lipotrophin in Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease.
Authors: J J Gilkes, L H Rees, G M Besser
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Plasma immunoreactive corticotrophin (ACTH) and lipotrophin (LPH) were measured in patients with raised circulating concentrations from a pituitary or an ectopic source. They were measured again in seven patients after they had received hydrocortisone. Plasma ACTH concentrations were higher than LPH concentrations in patients with a pituitary source of their hormones, whereas this relation was reversed when the source was ectopic. After hydrocortisone administration the half life of immunoreactive ACTH was 40 minutes and that of LPH 95 minutes, resulting in a reversal of the normal relation of ACTH to LPH. The use of two antisera with different specificities for measuring LPH has further shown that pituitary LPH differs from ectopic LPH. Relatively less gamma-LPH than beta-LPH was produced from ectopic sources, the relation being reversed in patients with a pituitary source for their raised concentrations. Measuring plasma LPH as well as ACTH might therefore help in deciding whether a patient with Cushing9s syndrome has a pituitary or ectopic source of ACTH, which sometimes presents a difficult clinical problem.
Update on liver vascular malformations prevalence in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) using enhanced contrast echo-color Doppler and multi-slice CT scan
Authors: Paolo Buonamico, Anna Cirulli, Giulia Vitariello, Amato Antonio Stabile Ianora, Giuseppe Angelelli, Giuseppe Palasciano, Carlo Sabba
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Drug treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: A. Farmer, J. Noble
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common condition in men.1 Patients may present with filling symptoms (frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence) or voiding symptoms (hesitancy, poor urinary stream, straining, intermittent stream, and a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying), or both.2 The aim of treatment is primarily to relieve symptoms. Until the early 1980s the only treatment options were surgery (usually with transurethral resection) or simply waiting to see whether natural resolution of symptoms occurred.3 After the identification of adrenoceptors in the smooth muscle of the prostate gland in the 1970s, urologists began to consider the possibility of using selective α1 adrenoceptor antagonists (α blockers) to relieve symptoms.3 An alternative drug treatment became available in 1992 with the introduction of finasteride, a 5α reductase inhibitor. Until recently, the relative effectiveness of these two types of drugs was uncertain, but further information has now become available.4

Symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy can begin as early as the third decade of life. They increase with age, until about a fifth of …
WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING IDENTIFIES A TROPONIN T MUTATION HOT SPOT IN FAMILIAL DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Luisa Mestroni, Nzali Campbell, Gianfranco Sinagra, Kenneth Jones, Dobromir Slavov, Katherine Gowan, Marco Merlo, Elisa Carniel, Pam Fain, Pierluigi Aragona, Andrea Di Lenarda, Matthew RG Taylor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
When a Nudge Becomes a Shove
Authors: Michael Potts, Joseph L. Verheijde, Mohamed Y. Rady
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

Although we agree with Whyte, Selinger, Caplan, and Sadowski (2012) that Thaler and Sunstein's (2008) mandated choice proposal is problematic, we disagree with their views (1) that the most rationa...
TWO CASES OF RAYNAUD'S SYNDROME PRESENTING UNUSUAL FEATURES.
Authors: P. B. MUMFORD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1925)

Journal Article TWO CASES OF RAYNAUD'S SYNDROME PRESENTING UNUSUAL FEATURES. Get access P. B. MUMFORD, M.D., M.R.C.P. P. B. MUMFORD, M.D., M.R.C.P. Assistant, Skin Department Manchester Royal Infirmary; Assistant Medical Officer, Manchester and Salford Skin Hospital; Pathologist, Parkside Mental Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 37, Issue 10, 1 October 1925, Pages 414–417, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1925.tb09223.x Published: 01 October 1925
SCIENTIFIC POSTERS
Authors: Bill F. Byrd, Sara Powell, Ramesh D. Dhekne, Angelita Ramos-Gabatin, Milton J. Guiberteau, Richard S. Rome, Jay A. Harolds, Debra Savory, Deborah Havens, Robert J. Telepak, Jack L. Lancaster, Ronald C. Walker, S. M. Quadri, A. Siddiqui, H. M. Vriesendorp, J. L. Klein, J. R. Williams, Scott Young
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Byrd, Bill F. M.D.; Powell, Sara CNMT; Dhekne, Ramesh D. M.D.; Ramos-Gabatin, Angelita M.D.; Guiberteau, Milton J. M.D.; Rome, Richard S. M.D.; Harolds, Jay A. M.D.; Savory, Debra CNMT; Havens, Deborah CNMT; Telepak, Robert J. M.D.; Lancaster, Jack L. Ph.D.; Walker, Ronald C. M.D.; Quadri, S. M.; Siddiqui, A.; Vriesendorp, H. M.; Klein, J. L.; Williams, J. R.; Young, Scott CNMT Author Information
Heterogeneity of beta-type myosin isozymes in the human heart and regulational mechanisms in their expression. Immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: H Tsuchimochi, M Kuro-o, H Koyama, M Kurabayashi, M Sugi, F Takaku, S Furuta, Y Yazaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

To investigate the existence of heterogeneity of beta-type myosin isozymes (HC beta) in human hearts, immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) raised against human ventricular myosin heavy chains were performed. Two types of MoAbs recognized some muscle fibers in the atrium, whereas both reacted with all ventricular muscle fibers. Since atrial muscle fibers reactive with each MoAb were found to be clearly different, the existence of two immunologically distinct HC beta (beta 1, and beta 2) was suggested in the atrium. By using affinity chromatography, two molecular variants of HC beta were isolated from the bovine atrium, and differences in the primary structure of beta 1 and beta 2 were confirmed by analysis of peptides produced by chymotryptic digestion. In pressure-overloaded human atria, myofibers containing beta 1 and/or beta 2 increased in accordance with decrement of myofibers containing alpha-type myosin isozyme (P less than 0.01). But they differed in expression during the developmental stage, since beta 2 did not exist in the early embryonic bovine heart, but beta 1 did. Thus, there are two distinct HC beta whose expression is regulated by at least two factors: pressure overload and developmental stage.
1324 QUASISPECIES HOMOGENIZATION AND IL-28 GENOTYPE (RS12979860 AND RS8099917) MAY FAVOUR SELF-RESOLVING INFECTION AFTER HCV BOTTLENECKING TRANSMISSION
Authors: M. Cubero, J.I. Esteban, D. Garcia-Cehic, F. Rodriguez-Frias, I. Ortega, E. Domingo, S. Sauleda, M. Bes, A. Sanchez, R. Esteban, J. Guardia, J. Quer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Study of special-care baby services in North-west Thames region.
Authors: J Vaizey, T E Oppe
Journal: BMJ (1979)

During three months in 1975 admissions to 17 of the 21 special-care baby units in the North-west Thames region were analysed by birth weight and category of care. Of the 1,718 babies admitted, one-third needed only observation. Neonatal intensive care formed only a small proportion of the work load in most units. Considerable variation in the pattern of admissions was found. There was some evidence of concentration, about 100 babies being transferred for urgent medical or surgical reasons, and the work load of one unit suggested that it was serving as a referral centre. It is concluded that the quality of care given to some infants needing intensive care might be improved by greater concentration, and that some units should review their admission policies in order to prevent unnecessary postpartum separation of mother and baby.
A SIMPLE OPERATION FOR DIVERGENT STRABISMUS.
Authors: L. WEBSTER FOX
Journal: JAMA (1900)

All ophthalmic surgeons have been more or less disappointed in the results obtained from the various operations now in vogue for this deformity. The fact that so many operations have been devised for its correction speaks for the failure of the various methods. Having had unusual opportunities for putting the accepted methods to a test and noting the difficulties and many failures ordinarily experienced, I have for the last eight years followed a method which has been more uniformly successful in my hands than any other. I shall not attempt to describe the various operations which might be called the standard methods; that would be too tedious to a body of gentlemen who have had such varied experiences as the majority of the members. This operation, which has given me such good results, has been developed on lines laid down by De Wecker, Grandclement and Panas. It appeals to me
Defect of a complement receptor 3 epitope in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: T Witte, F L Dumoulin, J E Gessner, J Schubert, O Götze, C Neumann, R F Todd, H Deicher, R E Schmidt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Complement receptor 3 (CR3) is expressed on cells of the reticuloendothelial system and involved in the clearance of immune complexes. In this article a patient with a deficiency of the C3bi binding site of this receptor is described. Clinically this patient exhibited predominantly cutaneous manifestations of a systemic lupus erythematosus with an immune vasculitis and panniculitis. The deficiency of the CR3 epitope was demonstrated using flow cytometry. The functional relevance of this defect was demonstrated in a rosetting assay with C3bi-loaded erythrocytes. C3bi binding was found to be significantly decreased. Furthermore, there was an impairment of phagocytosis of opsonized Escherichia coli. The CR3 defect is not due to an autoantibody but is assumed to have a genetic basis. These data suggest that the defect of the CR3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of the immune vasculitis in this patient.
Pregnant women in UK are offered whooping cough vaccine to protect newborns
Authors: M. Billingsley
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Pregnant women in the United Kingdom are being urged to be vaccinated against whooping cough to protect their babies against the virus.

The recommendation from the Department of Health for England follows new figures showing that 10 people, all infants under 12 months old, have died from whooping cough in the UK so far this year (nine in England and one in Northern Ireland). This is the highest mortality since 1982, when there were 14 deaths. 

Whooping cough has increased in incidence in England and Wales since 2011, when there were 525 reported cases and five deaths. So far this year 4791 cases have been reported. Most of the severe cases are being seen in infants aged less than 2 months, …