tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Side effects of cimetidine use coming under scrutiny
Authors: J. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Do charities need a health warning?
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

“One in nine women will get breast cancer.” “One in four people will have a mental health problem.” “One in 11 men will get prostate cancer.” In terms of statistics we know that frequencies are better understood than percentages. But are these the kinds of numbers that we really want to be widely understood?

All these statistics are used as slogans by charities to raise “awareness” and to fight their cause. The “one in four” slogan is also reeled off everywhere from parliament to official NHS guidance, but mental health charities have done a great deal to make this statistic widely known. Yet the data behind it come not from prospective trials but from …
Immediate Successful Treatment of Argyria With a Single Pass of Multiple Q-Switched Laser Wavelengths
Authors: Silvija P. Gottesman, Gerald N. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Topical Paromomycin with or without Gentamicin for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Afif Ben Salah, Nathalie Ben Messaoud, Evelyn Guedri, Amor Zaatour, Nissaf Ben Alaya, Jihene Bettaieb, Adel Gharbi, Nabil Belhadj Hamida, Aicha Boukthir, Sadok Chlif, Kidar Abdelhamid, Zaher El Ahmadi, Hechmi Louzir, Mourad Mokni, Gloria Morizot, Pierre Buffet, Philip L. Smith, Karen M. Kopydlowski, Mara Kreishman-Deitrick, Kirsten S. Smith, Carl J. Nielsen, Diane R. Ullman, Jeanne A. Norwood, George D. Thorne, William F. McCarthy, Ryan C. Adams, Robert M. Rice, Douglas Tang, Jonathan Berman, Janet Ransom, Alan J. Magill, Max Grogl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

There is a need for a simple and efficacious treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis with an acceptable side-effect profile.We conducted a randomized, vehicle-controlled phase 3 trial of topical treatments containing 15% paromomycin, with and without 0.5% gentamicin, for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in Tunisia. We randomly assigned 375 patients with one to five ulcerative lesions from cutaneous leishmaniasis to receive a cream containing 15% paromomycin-0.5% gentamicin (called WR 279,396), 15% paromomycin alone, or vehicle control (with the same base as the other two creams but containing neither paromomycin nor gentamicin). Each lesion was treated once daily for 20 days. The primary end point was the cure of the index lesion. Cure was defined as at least 50% reduction in the size of the index lesion by 42 days, complete reepithelialization by 98 days, and absence of relapse by the end of the trial (168 days). Any withdrawal from the trial was considered a treatment failure.The rate of cure of the index lesion was 81% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73 to 87) for paromomycin-gentamicin, 82% (95% CI, 74 to 87) for paromomycin alone, and 58% (95% CI, 50 to 67) for vehicle control (P<0.001 for each treatment group vs. the vehicle-control group). Cure of the index lesion was accompanied by cure of all other lesions except in five patients, one in each of the paromomycin groups and three in the vehicle-control group. Mild-to-moderate application-site reactions were more frequent in the paromomycin groups than in the vehicle-control group.This trial provides evidence of the efficacy of paromomycin-gentamicin and paromomycin alone for ulcerative L. major disease. (Funded by the Department of the Army; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00606580.).
Pneumococcus Infection in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: James M. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1980)

BEFORE 1923, patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus lived with hyperglycemia, dehydration, and semistarvation for several months before they contracted a minor infection and died. It thus became a clinical axiom that diabetics had decreased resistance to infection.<sup>1</sup>This concept has been perpetuated by the observation that diabetic ketoacidosis is precipitated by acute infection and by the fact that infections of the feet and of the urinary tract are more common and more difficult to treat in diabetic patients.<sup>2</sup>Consequently, many physicians believe that diabetics represent a high-risk group that should be protected by improved sanitation, meticulous hygiene, increased immunization, and prophylactic antibiotics. The currently available data indicate that all four of these measures are unnecessary. <h3>Pathophysiology</h3> In the presence of hyperglycemia, there is decreased phagocytosis by granulocytes.<sup>3-6</sup>In the presence of ketosis, there is decreased mobility of granulocytes.<sup>6-8</sup>These two host deficiencies are corrected readily by
Postdoctoral Medical Education
Authors: Leonard D. Rosenman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Some writers of poems and novels are full of literature and have little life in their books. It's living that makes good writing. So it is with a good doctor. First he has to know that patients are living persons, not problems. Dr. John C. Harvey's article concerning house officer training (<i>JAMA</i><b>185</b>:764 [Sept 7] 1963) suggests that he doesn't know. And, more important, he doesn't teach that. The job of the teachers of doctors is to provide large numbers of persons who are competent to service the people of the world, to lead them from a derangement of life in which they are diseased to another in which they are less diseased, or, hopefully, to a state in which they are not diseased at all. The teacher also must provide teachers to replace himself. The investigators will come from both sets of his pupils. But
Predictors of dyspnoea prevalence: results from the BOLD study
Authors: Rune Grønseth, William M. Vollmer, Jon A. Hardie, Inga Sif Ólafsdóttir, Bernd Lamprecht, A. Sonia Buist, Louisa Gnatiuc, Amund Gulsvik, Ane Johannessen, Paul Enright
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Dyspnoea is a cardinal symptom for cardiorespiratory diseases. No study has assessed worldwide variation in dyspnoea prevalence or predictors of dyspnoea. We used cross-sectional data from population-based samples in 15 countries of the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study to estimate prevalence of dyspnoea in the full sample, as well as in an a priori defined low-risk group (few risk factors or dyspnoea-associated diseases). Dyspnoea was defined by the modified Medical Research Council questions. We used ordered logistic regression analysis to study the association of dyspnoea with site, sex, age, education, smoking habits, low/high body mass index, self-reported disease and spirometry results. Of the 9484 participants, 27% reported any dyspnoea. In the low-risk subsample (n=4329), 16% reported some dyspnoea. In multivariate analyses, all covariates were correlated to dyspnoea, but only 13% of dyspnoea variation was explained. Females reported more dyspnoea than males (odds ratio ∼2.1). When forced vital capacity fell below 60% of predicted, dyspnoea was much more likely. There was considerable geographical variation in dyspnoea, even when we adjusted for known risk factors and spirometry results. We were only able to explain 13% of dyspnoea variation.
Effects of desmopressin acetate on platelet aggregation, von Willebrand factor, and blood loss after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation.
Authors: T L Andersson, J O Solem, L Tengborn, E Vinge
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The effects of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) on platelet aggregation and the von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) were studied in 19 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. The patients represented one of five blocks in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel group trial on the effects of DDAVP on postoperative bleeding after uncomplicated coronary artery bypass operations. After termination of extra-corporeal circulation, DDAVP (0.3 microgram/kg body wt) or its vehicle was infused into a peripheral vein throughout 15 minutes. The increase in factor VIII coagulant activity after infusion did not differ between the groups but there was a significantly larger increase in vWF:Ag levels in DDAVP-treated patients. The aggregatory response to adenosine-diphosphate (ADP) and ristocetin showed a normal pattern and was not significantly different between the two groups. As compared with placebo, DDAVP did not decrease the bleeding time or the postoperative blood loss. We conclude that DDAVP causes an increase in vWF:Ag levels but does not alter platelet aggregation, bleeding time, or blood loss in uncomplicated coronary artery bypass patients.
Automated continuous positive airway pressure titration for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Authors: H Teschler, M Berthon-Jones, A B Thompson, A Henkel, J Henry, N Konietzko
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

This study tested the effectiveness of the AutoSet self-titrating nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) system in treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and choosing a suitable pressure for subsequent conventional fixed-pressure nCPAP therapy. Twenty-one adult men with untreated OSA were studied with full polysomnography on each of four nights: diagnostic, manual and AutoSet nCPAP titration (in random order), and conventional fixed-pressure nCPAP at the pressure recommended by the AutoSet titration. Titration was satisfactorily performed in 20 of 21 subjects. Severe mask leak prevented automated titration in one subject and caused transient unnecessary increases in pressure in three subjects. In the 20 subjects, respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was 60.3 +/- 5.7 events/h (mean +/- SEM) on the diagnostic night. RDI was lower with manual titration (10.1 +/- 3.0, p < 0.001), and lower still with Autoset (2.8 +/- 0.9, p < 0.01) and fixed pressure (2.5 +/- 0.7, p = ns versus AutoSet) nCPAP. There were similar changes in the arousal index, which was 52.7 +/- 4.6 events/h on the diagnostic night, 14.2 +/- 2.4 with manual titration and 8.9 +/- 0.9 with AutoSet titration, and 9.5 +/- 1.0 on the night of conventional fixed-pressure CPAP (p < 0.001 versus diagnostic). We conclude that the AutoSet system is suitable for automated nCPAP pressure titration.
NHS promises to ensure modern leadership style to improve staff morale
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following NHS promises to ensure modern leadership style to improve staff morale Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
TCT-695 A Gender-Specific Look at MitraClip Therapy in Surgical High-Risk Patients: Acute and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Michael Schlüter, Daniel Lubs, Edith Lubos, Volker Rudolph, Hendrik Treede, Johannes Schirmer, Lenard Conradi, Hermann Reichenspurner, Stephan Baldus, Stefan Blankenberg, Britta Goldmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Post-marketing observational trials and catastrophic health expenditure
Authors: J. S. Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (2012)

One of the most common referrals to the electrodiagnostic (EDX) laboratory is to confirm a clinical impression of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The EDX studies are valuable in localizing median nerve abnormalities to the wrist, grading its severity, and excluding other condition that can mimic or coexist with CTS. However, there are many clinical and EDX pitfalls that can lead to misdiagnosis. Careful clinical assessment and attention to technical factors and details of the EDX techniques are fundamental for the quality and accurate interpretation of the study. This review aims to discuss the clinical and the EDX approaches to the diagnosis of CTS with emphasis on the commonly encountered pitfalls.
Mefenamic acid poisoning and epilepsy.
Authors: R J Young
Journal: BMJ (1979)

cation of prostaglandin E2 in various vehicles.Our own work involving over 500 patients who had a single insertion of 4 mg or 5 mg of PGE2 tablets (Prostin, Upjohn Limited) vaginally showed that about 70O0 of patients went into labour without any other intervention.'These results, like those reported recently by Mr J H Shepherd and others (14 July, p 108), are not ideal and can be improved on by seeking the optimum dose regimen, as well as the best vehicle for release of PGE2 from the many available.Until these points are established it is too soon to claim that we have the best alternative to intravenous oxitocin.
Bone and Gallium Scintigraphy in Polyostotic Actinomycosis of the Upper Limb
Authors: BRUCE K. ADAMS, JAMES H. CROSIER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Actinomycosis is a chronic, suppurative infection caused by the anaerobic actinomycete, Actinomyces is raeill. As Actinomyces israelii is a resident of the gastrointestinal tract, Infection usually occurs through a break in the mucosa or aspiration into the lungs. Rarely, however, hematogenous spread to bone occurs. A rare case of actinomycosis involving three long bones (the humerus, ulna, and radius) is reported. Planar and SPECT bone and gallium scintigraphy demonstrated increased uptake in the affected bones and in adjacent soft tissue.
20 common problems in sports medicine
Authors: J P Best
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Edited by J C Puffer. McGraw Hill, 2002, AUD$114.95, softcover, pp 451. ISBN 0070527202

Professor Puffer and his collaborators have produced a very helpful resource and contribution for clinicians in sports medicine. 20 common problems in sports medicine is ideal as a textbook for the medical practitioner starting sports medicine practice, for those completing sports medicine training, or for the subspecialist who desires an exposure to areas outside of their usual expertise. The text may also be helpful to physiotherapists who are seeking a greater understanding of sports medicine problems and a rationale for investigations.

The text is divided into …
Unlimited Human Autonomy — A Cultural Bias?
Authors: S M Glick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Autonomy has become a dominant bioethical value in the Western world. It is the basis of many ethical decisions, and considerations of autonomy influence legislators, judges, and the public alike. The predominance of autonomy has been described by one of its critics as verging on the “tyrannous.”1 In this essay I describe three recent events in Israel that run counter to this trend. They include court decisions and the enactment of laws that clearly place Israel in a unique, and perhaps lonely, position in the Western world. The most recent event was a decision2 by a district judge who ordered . . .
Flare Responses in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: W COSOLO, G MORSTYN, B ARKLES, A S ZIMET, J R ZALCBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Two cases of small cell carcinoma of the lung in which flare responses were demonstrated are discussed. Although the primary tumor and extraskeletal metastases responded to first-line chemotherapy, bone scintigraphs performed 3 months after the start of treatment suggested tumor progression. However, following repeat bone imaging and subsequent clinical evaluation, the interim scintigraphs appeared to represent an unusual flare response, in which the activity of pre-existing hot spots increased and new lesions developed.
P1-236: A long-term result by hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC): a retrospective analysis in a single institution
Authors: Toru Shibata, Ryuta Koike, Kiyoshi Nakamatsu, Shuichi Kanamori, Mitsuru Ookubo, Keiji Hiroi, Yasumasa Nishimura, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Masahiro Fukuoka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Role of triple extrastimuli during electrophysiologic study of patients with documented sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Authors: A E Buxton, H L Waxman, F E Marchlinski, W J Untereker, L E Waspe, M E Josephson
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Electrophysiologic studies were performed in 172 consecutive patients for evaluation of documented sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. One hundred thirteen patients presented with sustained ventricular tachycardia that was hemodynamically stable, and 59 patients presented with cardiac arrest. Seventy-one patients without previously documented or suspected ventricular arrhythmias were also studied to determine the specificity of our electrophysiologic study protocol. The stimulation protocol included single, double, and triple right ventricular extrastimuli and rapid ventricular pacing at multiple cycle lengths performed at one or more right ventricular sites. Stimulation was performed at one or more left ventricular sites in patients with documented spontaneous arrhythmias when right ventricular programmed stimulation failed to induce sustained ventricular tachycardia. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias were induced in 110 (97%) of the patients who presented with sustained ventricular tachycardia, in 48 (81%) of the patients who presented with cardiac arrest, and in 28 (40%) of the patients without documented spontaneous arrhythmias. Right ventricular triple extrastimuli induced tachycardia in 22% of patients who presented with sustained ventricular tachycardia vs 46% of those who presented with cardiac arrest (p less than .001). Left ventricular stimulation was required for tachycardia induction in 3% of patients with stable tachycardia vs 19% of those with cardiac arrest (p less than .01). Triple extrastimuli induced 57% of tachycardias in the 28 patients without spontaneous arrhythmias, and virtually all of these tachycardias were polymorphic and nonsustained. The cycle lengths of tachycardias induced in each group by double and triple extrastimuli were similar, but the tachycardias induced in patients with cardiac arrest were significantly faster than those induced in the ventricular tachycardia group (mean cycle length 218 vs 291 msec, p less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phenogenotypes break up under countervailing evolutionary pressures
Authors: Robert Aunger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The phenogenotype, a routinely co-occuring combination of a cultural and genetic trait, is unlikely to survive over time because of the potentially varying evolutionary pressures upon cultural as opposed to genetic traits. This is because the production and evaluation of cultural inputs will themselves be based on information previously acquired culturally. As a result, treating both cultural and genetic inheritance in a single recursion may be problematic.
Integrin-facilitated transcytosis for enhanced penetration of advanced gliomas by poly(trimethylene carbonate)-based nanoparticles encapsulating paclitaxel
Authors: Xinyi Jiang, Xianyi Sha, Hongliang Xin, Ximing Xu, Jijin Gu, Weiyi Xia, Shuo Chen, Yike Xie, Liangcen Chen, Yanzuo Chen, Xiaoling Fang
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Compensatory Prostaglandin E2 Biosynthesis in Cyclooxygenase 1 or 2 Null Cells
Authors: Kanyawim Kirtikara, Scott G. Morham, Rajendra Raghow, Stanley J. F. Laulederkind, Takuro Kanekura, Sarita Goorha, Leslie R. Ballou
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in immortalized, nontransformed cells derived from wild-type, cyclooxygenase 1–deficient (COX-1−/−) or cyclooxygenase 2–deficient (COX-2−/−) mice was examined after treatment with interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, acidic fibroblast growth factor, and phorbol ester (phorbol myristate acetate). Compared with their wild-type counterparts, COX-1−/− or COX-2−/− cells exhibited substantially enhanced expression of the remaining functional COX gene. Furthermore, both basal and IL-1–induced expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), a key enzyme-regulating substrate mobilization for PGE2 biosynthesis, was also more pronounced in both COX-1−/− and COX-2−/− cells. Thus, COX-1−/− and COX-2−/− cells have the ability to coordinate the upregulation of the alternate COX isozyme as well as cPLA2 genes to overcome defects in prostaglandin biosynthetic machinery. The potential for cells to alter and thereby compensate for defects in the expression of specific genes such as COX has significant clinical implications given the central role of COX in a variety of disease processes and the widespread use of COX inhibitors as therapeutic agents.
GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ROENTGEN-RAY FINDINGS AFTER OPERATION
Authors: JAMES T. CASE
Journal: JAMA (1925)

My purpose in this communication is to set forth briefly the objectives to be attained by roentgen-ray examination after gastric and duodenal operations, the technic of such examination and some details of the principal findings. One of the most successful of stomach operations is gastro-enterostomy. In the great majority of cases, it gives brilliant results; nevertheless, every physician having occasion to treat or examine a large gastro-intestinal clientele sees a considerable number of gastro-enterostomized persons who complain of more or less serious postoperative disturbance. Naturally, only the dissatisfied patients return to the clinician, and the internist who sees a considerable number of this class is apt to feel an unjustified lack of confidence in the operation. The foregoing is true, more or less, of all the different forms of operation involving an anastomosis between the stomach and the intestine, as well as the various plastic operations for modification of the