tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer-Related Fatigue: Definitions and Clinical Subtypes
Authors: Barbara F. Piper, David Cella
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

Studies seeking to explain mechanisms associated with or causing fatigue are increasing; however, the underlying causes of fatigue remain largely unknown. Thus, identifying and predicting which patients may be at risk for developing fatigue, and tailoring interventions accordingly, are difficult. Whether fatigue experienced by patients with cancer can be classified into specific clinically significant subtypes would be useful to determine. These clinical subtypes might improve understanding of underlying mechanisms and help tailor treatment accordingly. This article refers to fatigue associated with cancer or its treatment as cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Given this broad designation, meant to encompass the array of causal mechanisms and treatment options, the authors recommend that meaningful clinical subtypes be articulated and differentiated. This article therefore reviews CRF definitions and proposes a nonexhaustive set of clinical subtypes that are intended to help sharpen thinking about causality and, ultimately, treatment recommendations.
Prognosis in children with rhabdomyosarcoma: a report of the intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma studies I and II. Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Committee.
Authors: W M Crist, L Garnsey, M S Beltangady, E Gehan, F Ruymann, B Webber, D M Hays, M Wharam, H M Maurer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Prestudy patient characteristics and specific therapy of all eligible patients with rhabdomyosarcoma entered into Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) Studies I (IRS-I) (1972 to 1978, n = 686) or II (IRS-II) (1978 to 1984, n = 1,002) were examined for their relationship to survival within each of the four clinical groups using univariate and multivariate analyses. The estimated survival at 5 years from the start of treatment was 56% in IRS-I and 62% in IRS-II (P = .006). The largest survival difference between studies was in patients with group III tumors (52% v 65%). The clinical group was the most important patient characteristic related to survival in both studies. Survival progressively decreased for patients from clinical group I (localized disease, completely resected) to group IV (metastatic disease at the onset). In clinical group I, the only patient characteristic consistently related to survival was histology. Patients with alveolar tumors had the poorest survival, while those with botryoid/embryonal lesions had the best survival. In clinical group II, no characteristic was consistently related to survival. In clinical group III, an orbital primary site was associated with a favorable survival. In clinical group IV, patients with genitourinary tumors had a significant survival advantage. Use of disease-free survival as an end point gave very similar results. This information, from the largest available data base on prognostic indicators in childhood RMS in the context of aggressive multimodal therapies, is being used to plan therapy in the forthcoming study (IRS-IV).
THE STUDENT COUNCIL STUDY
Authors: EARL D. BOND
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

The members of student councils of 3 colleges and their parents volunteered for psychiatric and social work studies. They are considered as a normal group selected without any interference by the examiners. Normality is discussed, and an overall account of 3 generations is given. Neurotic traits were found in 34 students, 41 parents, and grandparents. Psychoses were seen in no parents and only 2 grandparents. Again the importance of neurotic traits in able people is suggested.
Inhalation Studies With Benzo[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]pyrene in Syrian Golden Hamsters&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J Thyssen, J Althoff, G Kimmerle, U Mohr
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Groups of Syrian golden hamsters were exposed by inhalation to benzo[a]pyrene (BP) in concentrations of 2.2, 9.5, and 45.6 mg/m3 air. Although 45.6 mg BP/m3 air was carcinogenic and toxic, 2.2 mg BP/m3 air led to no neoplastic response. The highest tumor incidence was seen in the group exposed to 9.5 mg BP/m3 air. Average survival times were similar in the controls (not exposed to BP) and in the 2 groups given 2.2 and 9.5 mg BP/m3 air. Exposure-related neoplasms were found in the nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, esophagus, and forestomach. Bronchogenic tumors did not develop.
Radiation Dose Escalation in Combined-Modality Therapy for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Christopher G. Willett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.5.1151 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11870151 Radiation Dose Escalation in Combined-Modality Therapy for Esophageal Cancer Christopher G. WillettxChristopher G. WillettSearch for articles by this author Show More Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.5.1151 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Test of Catechol, Tannic Acid, &lt;italic&gt;Bidens pilosa&lt;/italic&gt;, Croton Oil, and Phorbol for Cocarcinogenesis of Esophageal Tumors Induced in Rats by Methyl-&lt;italic&gt;n&lt;/italic&gt;-amylnitrosamine&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Sidney S. Mirvish, Shahrokh Salmasi, Terence A. Lawson, Parviz Pour, David Sutherland
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Catechol (CAS: 120-80-9), given in drinking water to rats, was the most effective of 5 phenols in enhancing [3H]thymidine incorporation [( 3H]dThd-l) into esophageal DNA. To test for esophageal cocarcinogenesis, groups of 30 male MRC-Wistar rats received 3 weekly ip injections of 25 mg methyl-n-amylnitrosamine [(MNAN) CAS: 13256-07-0]/kg. From the time of the first MNAN injection, each group also received catechol, tannic acid (CAS: 1401-55-4), dried leaves of Bidens pilosa L., or croton oil (CAS: 8001-28-3) (respectively, 2, 10, 50, and 2 g/kg semipurified diet), or were given 20 ip injections of 6 mg phorbol (CAS: 17673-25-5)/rat. The rats were killed after 20-45, 46-52, or 53-72 weeks (subgroups A, B, and C). In the group given MNAN alone, most esophageal papillomas developed during the first 45 weeks. Both catechol and B. pilosa significantly increased the esophageal papilloma multiplicity (No. of papillomas/rat) induced by MNAN, with a maximum tumor yield of 2.2 times that in the corresponding subgroup treated with MNAN alone. Papilloma multiplicity increased from subgroup A to subgroup C in the MNAN plus B. pilosa group but not in the MNAN plus catechol group. No tumors were induced by the test cocarcinogens given without MNAN. We concluded that a) an increased esophageal [3H]dThd-I indicates potential cocarcinogenicity and b) catechol and B. pilosa were weak esophageal cocarcinogens. These results support the view that catechol in cigarette smoke and B. pilosa as eaten in South Africa contribute to the etiology of human esophageal cancer.
Forced Expiratory Flows and Volumes in Infants
Authors: MARCUS JONES, ROBERT CASTILE, STEPHANIE DAVIS, JEFF KISLING, DAVE FILBRUN, ROBERT FLUCKE, AMY GOLDSTEIN, CHRISTINE EMSLEY, WALTER AMBROSIUS, ROBERT S. TEPPER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Forced expiratory flows (FEF) can be measured in infants from lung volumes initiated near total lung capacity. In order to establish reference values and to evaluate lung growth, we obtained measurements in 155 healthy subjects between 3 and 149 wk of age. Forced vital capacity (FVC) was highly correlated with body length; however, after accounting for length, age was also significant. When subjects were divided at the median age (40 wk) younger compared with older subjects had a significantly larger slope for length (3.7 versus 2.8; p = 0.002). The flow parameters (FEF50, FEF75, FEF85, and FEF25–75) were highly correlated with length, and those infants whose mothers smoked had lower flows. For FEF75, male subjects had lower flows than female subjects. The relationship between FEF and volume was assessed using FEV0.5/FVC, which decreased with increasing length. Smaller subjects emptied their lung volume proportionately faster. We conclude that our study provides reference values for this age group and demonstrates that smoke-exposed infants and male subjects have decreased FEF. In addition, our findings indicate that lung volume increases most rapidly during the first year of life and that airways are large relative to lung volume very early in life. Jones M, Castile R, Davis S, Kisling J, Filbrun D, Flucke R, Goldstein A, Emsley C, Ambrosius W, Tepper RS. Forced expiratory flows and volumes in infants: normative data and lung growth.
Accuracy of an immune diagnostic assay based on RD1 selected epitopes for active tuberculosis in a clinical setting: a pilot study
Authors: D. Goletti, S. Carrara, D. Vincenti, C. Saltini, E. Busi Rizzi, V. Schininà, G. Ippolito, M. Amicosante, E. Girardi
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2006)
National Institutes of Health Career Development Awards for Cardiovascular Physician–Scientists
Authors: Brian R. Lindman, Carl W. Tong, Drew E. Carlson, C. William Balke, Elizabeth A. Jackson, Meena S. Madhur, Ana Barac, Marwah Abdalla, Evan L. Brittain, Nihar Desai, Andrew M. Kates, Andrew M. Freeman, Douglas L. Mann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
A Murine Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: G. P. Murphy, W. J. Hrushesky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article A Murine Renal Cell Carcinoma Get access G. P. Murphy, G. P. Murphy * Roswell Park Memorial Institute, New York State Department of Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203 2Address reprint requests to: Dr. Gerald P. Murphy, Institute Director, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, 666 Elm Street, Buffalo, N.Y. 14203. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. J. Hrushesky W. J. Hrushesky Roswell Park Memorial Institute, New York State Department of Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 4, April 1973, Pages 1013–1025, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.4.1013 Published: 01 April 1973 Article history Received: 18 August 1972 Accepted: 29 December 1972 Published: 01 April 1973
T helper 2 response in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is not driven by specific <i>Aspergillus</i> antigens
Authors: H. Jolink, R. de Boer, L. N. A. Willems, J. T. van Dissel, J. H. F. Falkenburg, M. H. M. Heemskerk
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is characterized by an allergic immunological response to Aspergillus fumigatus. In this study, we investigated whether certain Aspergillus antigens are more allergenic than others, as was postulated previously. We stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with ABPA with the classically described A. fumigatus allergens Aspf1, Aspf2, Aspf3, and Aspf4, as well as two other Aspergillus antigens, Crf1 and Catalase1. Activated CD4+ T cells displayed a T helper 2 phenotype with the production of IL-4 in response to stimulation with several of these different antigens. Immune responses were not limited to the classically described A. fumigatus allergens. In healthy individuals, we demonstrated a similar recognition profile to the different antigens, but in contrast the activated CD4+ T cells exerted a T helper 1 phenotype and mainly produced IFN-γ after stimulation with A. fumigatus antigens. In conclusion, irrespective of the A. fumigatus antigen, the T-cell immune response in patients with ABPA is skewed to a T helper 2 cytokine secretion profile.
Pharmacologic variables associated with the development of neurologic toxicity in patients treated with suramin.
Authors: R J Bitton, W D Figg, D J Venzon, M C Dalakas, C Bowden, D Headlee, E Reed, C E Myers, M R Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To describe pharmacologic variables correlated with the development of neurologic toxicity in patients treated with suramin. METHODS Eighty-one patients were treated with suramin in a phase I study. The rate of drug infusion was continuously adjusted to maintain a preassigned plasma suramin concentration (175, 215, or 275 micrograms/mL) for a fixed duration (2 to 8 weeks). RESULTS Eight patients developed grade III/IV neurologic motor impairment (predominantly motor axonal polyneuropathy). All were treated at the 275-micrograms/mL concentration. One patient treated at the 215-micrograms/mL concentration developed grade II motor dysfunction. In addition, seven of nine patients had sensory symptoms. Pharmacologic variables associated with the development of polyneuropathy included total cumulative suramin dose, duration of exposure to plasma concentrations greater than 200 micrograms/mL, and area under the curve (AUC) greater than 200 micrograms/mL. CONCLUSION Significant neurologic toxicity can result from therapy with suramin, even when dosing is designed to avoid exposure to plasma concentrations greater than 350 micrograms/mL. Future clinical trials of suramin should be designed in such a way as to limit the total cumulative dose to &lt; or = 157 mg/kg given over a period of &gt; or = 8 weeks, limit the period of exposure to plasma suramin concentrations greater than 200 micrograms/mL to &lt; or = 25 days, and limit the AUC greater than 200 micrograms/mL to &lt; or = 48,000 mg.h/AL.
Comparison of Activity and Isozyme Patterns of Four Enzymes From Hepatomas of Different Growth Rates
Authors: Theodore T. Otani, Harold P. Morris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The activity and relative isozyme distribution of 4 enzymes—glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)—from chemically induced, transplantable rat hepatomas of different growth rates were compared. The hepatomas were 3924A, 5123tc, 7793, and R7. Of the 4 enzymes from these tumors compared for specific activity, 2 showed a correlation between growth rate and activity. GOT had a roughly inverse relationship with growth rate, and LDH, a direct relationship. LDH levels of tumors were lower than those of normal liver, except for the LDH level of Hepatoma 3924A, which was higher. The MDH level seemed to be unrelated to growth rate. GPT was low or undetectable in Hepatomas 3924A and 5123tc. The relative distribution of the isozymes of the different enzymes varied considerably among the tumors, but none resembled the distribution profile of the enzymes and isozymes of normal liver; i.e., the enzyme patterns of the tumor tissues differed from the pattern of normal liver in the activity of at least 1 enzyme or isozyme. The enzyme patterns of Hepatoma 3924A, a fast-growing, poorly differentiated tumor, had the greatest deviation from those of the normal liver, in that 5 of the 6 components of the enzyme profile were abnormal.
Population-based outcomes of HIV-TB co- infections in England and Wales
Authors: Dominik Zenner, Stefano Conti, Zheng Yin, Meaghan Kall, Michelle Kruijshaar, Brian Rice, Ibrahim Abubakar, Valerie Delpeche
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction

Globally, HIV and Tuberculosis (TB) co-infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Analysis of setting-specific survival in the UK is needed to inform health policy. The aim of the study is to analyse the survival of individuals diagnosed with HIV in the UK, with particular emphasis on late HIV diagnosis (LD, CD4 <201 at diagnosis) and TB co-infection.

Methodology

We present a retrospective cohort study based on data linkage between the national HIV and TB surveillance databases. Including individuals diagnosed with HIV between 2000-2008 in the UK and within-cohort deaths until mid-2010, we analysed survival rates by calculating hazard ratios (HR) using Cox regression modelling.

Results

A total of 44,050 HIV-diagnosed individuals with a cohort time of 149663 person-years were enrolled in the study. Of these, 3,188 individuals (7.2%) developed TB during the follow-up time (TBHIV) and of these, 2062 patients (64.7%) had LD.

About 1,880 individuals died during the observation time; 341 (18.1%) had TBHIV of whom 270 (79.2%) had LD. Cox regression indicated that TBHIV and LD significantly affect survival, and there is evidence of statistical interaction (HR16.7; CI13.7-20.2 for the LD-TBHIV group compared with individuals without TBHIV and CD4 of >350 at diagnosis). Survival was also affected by AIDS, exposure route, region of birth, age and sex. ARV was protective.

Discussion

Our study confirms that decreased survival amongst HIV patients was affected particularly by TBHIV and LD. Important policy lessons learnt from the study include the need to raise awareness, encouraging TB case finding among HIV patients, considering earlier TB treatment initiation and increasing adherence to ARV.
Clinical Relevance of the Distinction Between Alcohol Dependence With and Without a Physiological Component
Authors: Marc A. Schuckit, Tom L. Smith, Jean-Bernard Daeppen, Mimy Eng, T.-K. Li, Victor M. Hesselbrock, John I. Nurnberger, Kathleen K. Bucholz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

DSM-IV indicates that diagnoses of substance dependence should be further characterized with regard to the presence of a physiological component, defined by tolerance or withdrawal. This study evaluated the possible meaning of this distinction in alcohol-dependent men and women.As part of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, structured interviews were carried out with 3,395 DSM-III-R-defined alcohol-dependent individuals divided into 2,949 subjects (86.9%) with evidence of tolerance and/or withdrawal (group 1), 51.3% of whom evidenced withdrawal symptoms, and 446 subjects (13.1%) without a physiological component (group 2). Data were evaluated to determine differences between the two groups.Group 1 reported greater severity of alcohol dependence as demonstrated by a larger maximum number of drinks in 24 hours, more persons reporting binges, more alcohol-related life problems, more relevant DSM-III-R criteria endorsed, more physiological complications, and more alcohol-related emotional/psychiatric symptoms such as depression and anxiety. Each of these severity indicators for problems in group 1 was significant in the presence of the others in a logistic regression, and similar items remained significant when tolerance alone, withdrawal alone, or their combination was used as the criterion for group 1 membership; however, for withdrawal a larger proportion of the variance was explained by the predictor variables. The regression results were independent of gender, proband status, and history of antisocial personality disorder.The results support the clinical relevance of distinguishing between alcohol-dependent patients with and without a physiological component. The data indicate a potential advantage to limiting that definition to withdrawal only.
Importance of the Deposition of Carcinogens for Cancer Induction in Lung Tissue
Authors: L. M. Shabad, L. N. Pylev, T. S. Kolesnichenko
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

The kinetics of the elimination of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) from the pulmonary tissue of 201 rats was studied by introduction of different compositions of the suspension and by repeated intubations. The rats were divided into 4 groups, according to the suspension they were given: I: 5 mg BP + 0.5 mg India black-ink powder + 0.2 ml Infusine; II: BP + Infusine; III: BP + black-ink powder + 0.2 ml saline solution; IV: BP + saline solution. Each group was intubated 1, 2, or 3 times at 1-month intervals. On day 1, 3, 5, 7, 18, and 30 after each intubation, 3 rats were examined. The carcinogenic substance was extracted four times from the saponificated mass by ether, and after chromatography the quantity of BP in the sample was determined on an SF-4 spectrophotometer. The results showed that: 1) In 24 hours, about 50 percent of BP was retained in the lung, regardless of the composition of the intubated suspension. 2) The greatest quantity of BP was retained by its introduction with black-ink powder and Infusine together, and true material BP cumulation in the lung tissue by repeated insufflations took place. 3) The minimum quantity of BP was retained by the saline solution alone, and no accumulation by repeated intubations was noted. 4) Repeated insufflations with black-ink powder or Infusine separately did not lead to any considerable accumulation of the carcinogen in the lung tissue. The character, combination, and, possibly, the quantity of the adsorbing agents were the decisive factors of BP accumulation in pulmonary tissue. The importance of the deposition of the carcinogens for cancer induction in the lung is discussed.
A Piece of My Mind—Actually
Authors: Herbert M. Adler
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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A metabolic evaluation of a group of obese children: Oxygen consumption (VO2) and power
Authors: Martina Tubaro, Ilenia Benfatto, Mario Canciani, Francesca Valent
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Obesity, which has been considerably increasing in the last decades, is related to significant metabolic alterations.  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this condition can also alter the VO2 (considered as the best assessment of cardiorespiratory form in healthy children) and the power in a group of obese children compared to a group of control children.  We tested 98 children: 42 controls and 56 obese children. Each child underwent the incremental test on the cycle ergometer according to a protocol of increasing effort.  VO2 values were 2027.6 ml/min for the group of controls and 2078.0 ml/min for the obese children (p>0.05); instead, the values of VO2/kg were lower in the obese children 32.3 ml/kg compared to the group of controls 38.7 ml/kg/min (p  Given the greater body mass of obese due to an increased fat component, it is not surprising that the VO2 is higher. These subjects must in fact move a large mass, with a considerable consumption of energy, to the detriment of their ability to work. The VO2/kg values are lower in the obese as cardiac or metabolic disease limit the peripheral oxygen consumption. In obese children the power values are lower as the lean body mass consumes less oxygen that fat body mass, it produced less work therefore less power. Power/kg is lower in obese children due to their larger mass.