tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Successful Immunization of Infants With and Without Maternal Antibody by Aerosolized Measles Vaccine
Authors: Albert B. Sabin
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In 4- and 5-month-old infants in whom the undiluted chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) Schwarz strain measles vaccine had a poor immunogenic effect, there was an increase in immunogenicity when the high sugar concentration was diminished without reference to added albumin. The human diploid cell (HDC) measles vaccine was still superior in this age group even in a lower concentration of the Ikić, Edmonston-Zagreb strain of virus. More aerosolized, HDC Ikić strain virus was required for high seroconversion rates in 4- and 5-month-old infants who had higher titers of prevaccination plaque-neutralizing (PN) antibodies. Some of these infants had a delayed immune response that was absent at six weeks but present at three months after vaccination. The data provided evidence that the PN and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques measured different antibodies that develop and persist in different ways in 4- to 5-month-old infants. The HDC lyophilized measles vaccine yielded unexpectedly high seroconversion rates after subcutaneous injection of 5,000 plaque-forming units (PFUs) in 4-, 5-, and 6-month-old infants: 69%, 89%, and 100% respectively, at 14 weeks. In 12- to 23-month-old infants there was seroconversion of 92% and 100% at six weeks after inhalation of an estimated 175 PFUs of the CEF vaccine and 375 PFUs of the HDC vaccine, respectively. Within six weeks after vaccination, the PN antibody titers were significantly higher with the CEF vaccine (geometric mean titer of 2,275) than with the HDC vaccine (geometric mean titer of 343).
Patient and Caregiver Characteristics and Nursing Home Placement in Patients With Dementia
Authors: Kristine Yaffe
Journal: JAMA (2002)

The decision to institutionalize a patient with dementia is complex and is based on patient and caregiver characteristics and the sociocultural context of patients and caregivers. Most studies have determined predictors of nursing home placement primarily according to patient or caregiver characteristics alone.To develop and validate a prognostic model to determine the comprehensive predictors of placement among an ethnically diverse population of patients with dementia.The Medicare Alzheimer's Disease Demonstration and Evaluation study, a prospective study at 8 sites in the United States, with enrollment between December 1989 and December 1994 of 5788 community-living persons with advanced dementia.Time to nursing home placement throughout a 36-month follow-up period, assessed by interview and review of Medicare records, and its association with patient and caregiver characteristics, obtained by interview at enrollment.Patients were divided into a development (n = 3859) and validation (n = 1929) cohort. In the development cohort, the Kaplan-Meier estimates of nursing home placement throughout 1, 2, and 3 years were 22%, 40%, and 52%, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, patient characteristics that were associated with nursing home placement were as follows: black ethnicity (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.74), Hispanic ethnicity (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.28-0.56) (both ethnicities were inversely associated with placement), living alone (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.49-2.02), 1 or more dependencies in activities of daily living (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.20-1.60), high cognitive impairment (for Mini-Mental Status Examination score < or =20: HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.33-1.73), and 1 or more difficult behaviors (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.11-1.52). Caregiver characteristics associated with patient placement were age 65 to 74 years (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.37), age 75 years or older (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.31-1.84), and high Zarit Burden Scale score (for highest quartile: HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.49-2.00). Patients were assigned to quartiles of risk based on this model. In the development cohort, patients in the first, second, third, and fourth quartile had a 25%, 42%, 64%, and 91% rate of nursing home placement at 3 years, respectively. In the validation cohort, the respective rates were 21%, 50%, 64%, and 89%. The C statistic for 3-year nursing home placement was 0.66 in the development cohort and 0.63 in the validation cohort.Patient and caregiver characteristics are both important determinants of long-term care placement for patients with dementia. Interventions directed at delaying placement, such as reduction of caregiver burden or difficult patient behaviors, need to take into account the patient and caregiver as a unit.
Preventive Care for Older Adults
Authors: Huan J. Chang
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Preventive Care for Older Adults I t is predicted that by 2030 about 20% of the US population will consist of persons aged 65 and older, and up to 25% in some states.While it is important to provide preventive care (measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries) to persons of all ages, it is also important to tailor that care to the specific age group.The December 23/30, 2009, issue of JAMA includes the first in a series of articles about medical care for older adults.
In vitro fertilisation for all?: Society must hear the voices of infertile people
Authors: A. P Murdoch
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—It is interesting that postcode prescribing is due to differences in social values rather than ignorance of the evidence.1 The National Institute for Clinical Excellence guidelines on infertility endorse the cost effectiveness of in vitro fertilisation, which means that the core problems about providing treatment for infertile couples can now be addressed.2
Differential Effects of Changes in Local Myocardial Refractoriness on Atrialand Ventricular Latency
Authors: Lameh Fananapazir, Douglas Packer, Eric N. Prystowsky
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Assessment of myocardial refractoriness and conduction properties, critical to development and propagation of reentrant arrhythmias, is an integral part of the investigation of atrial and ventricular tachycardias through the use of programmed electrical stimulation. Local conduction itself, however, may be affected by myocardial refractoriness. Methods and Results We studied the effects of changes in myocardial refractoriness on local conduction in right atrial and ventricular myocardium in 19 patients. Changes in effective, functional, and relative refractoriness were accomplished with the use of four pacing protocols, including drive train pacing cycle lengths (PCLs) of 600 and 400 milliseconds (ms) and drive train durations (DTDs) of 8 and 50 stimuli. Unipolar cathodal stimulation was performed from the distal electrode, and unipolar electrograms were recorded from the proximal three poles of quadripolar catheters with 5-mm interelectrode spaces. Atrial and ventricular effective and relative refractory periods (ERPs and RRPs) were significantly shortened by both the reduction in PCL and the increase in DTD. The reduction in the PCL shortened atrial and ventricular refractory periods significantly more than did the increase in the DTD. Changes in ventricular refractory periods were significantly greater compared with atrial refractory periods. The ratio of RRP to ERP was reduced in the atrium but significantly increased in the ventricle with reduction in PCL and increase in DTD. For all premature intervals, the conduction interval from stimulus to the first recording electrode pole was significantly greater than conduction intervals measured between subsequent electrode poles. The greatest increase in conduction interval with closely coupled premature complexes occurred between the stimulus artifact and the first recording electrode pole. Reduction in ventricular but not atrial ERP was associated with significantly increased local conduction interval. Conclusions First, most of the conduction delay after the stimulus artifact occurs within 5 mm from the pacing site. Second, closely coupled premature complexes delay conduction primarily by prolonging latency in the first 5 mm from the pacing site. Third, fundamental differences occur between the atrium and ventricle regarding changes in local conduction as a function of changes in ERP, suggesting that factors involved in sudden changes in refractoriness (eg, heart rate acceleration) could produce divergent effects on atrial and ventricular arrhythmogenesis.
Hormonal modulation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase activity in rat renal cortex. Specificity of enzyme translocation.
Authors: F R DeRubertis, P A Craven
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Many of the intracellular actions of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate are expressed through phosphorylation reactions mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinases, but little is known about hormonal control of endogenous protein kinase activity (PK) in kidney. In the present study, we examined the effects of parathyroid hormone, glucagon, and isoproterenol on cAMP and PK in slices of rat renal cortex. In the presence of 0.5 mM 1-methyl, 3-isobutyl xanthine, all three hormones activated PK in slices, as reflected by an increase in the ratio of enzyme activity assayable in homogenates of the slices without addition of cAMP to the kinase reaction mixture (cAMP-independent activity) over total enzyme activity (+2 uM cAMP in the reaction mixture). When enzyme activity was assayed in whole homogenates prepared from slices, the increase in the enzyme activity ratio (- cAMP/+cAMP) which followed hormonal stimulation was due entirely to an increase in cAMP-independent activity, with no change in total activity. In general, a good correlation existed between the alterations in tissue cAMP levels mediated by the hormones and/or 1-methyl, 3-isobutyl xanthine and concomitant alterations in PK. All three hormones increased PK activity ratios to near unity, suggesting complete enzyme activation. However, the concentrations of parathyroid hormone and glucagon which produced maximal activation of PK were much lower than those required for maximal cAMP responses. Studies with charcoal indicated that these hormonal actions on PK reflected intracellular events rather than representing activation of the enzyme during tissue homogenization, due to release of sequestered cAMP. Thus, homogenization of tissue in charcoal prevented activation of PK by subsequent addition of exogenous cAMP, but did not lower enzyme activity ratios in homogenates of hormone-stimulated cortical slices. When PK was determined in the 20,000 g supernatant fraction of renal cortical slices incubated with the hormones, enzyme activity ratios also increased, but total enzyme activity declined. Lost activity was recovered by extraction of particulate fractions with 500 mM KCl or NaCl, results which implied particulate binding of activated PK. Activated soluble PK from renal cortex was bound equally well by intact, heat- and trypsin-treated renal cortical pellets and by intact and heated hepatic pellets. Accordingly, the apparent translocation of enzyme in hormone stimulated cortex does not necessarily represent binding of the activated PK to specific acceptor sites in the particulate cell fractions or constitute a physiologic hormonal action. Activation of renal cortical PK by increasing concentrations of salts suggests that the enzyme in this tissue resembles the predominant type found in heart.
The Goulstonian Lectures ON SPINAL INJURIES OF WARFARE: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London
Authors: G. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1915)

IN the previous lecture we discussed, as far as tinme would permit, certain synmptomi3s produced by injuries of the -spinal cord, selecting those whiich were the most imnpor- tant and interesting; in the present lecture the disturb- ances of sensation, especially those that result from inicom11plete or unilateral lesions, will be described, and observationis that may contribute to our knowledge of tlhe course and grouping of tlhe sensory afferent imnpulses within thle coid will be particularly emphasizcd.If you permit me it will be advisable, lhowever, before passing to miiy owin observations, to give a slhort slietch of the conduction of sensation within thle cord as far as it is at presentlknown.Nearly sxty years ago tlhe first valuable contribution to this subject was muade by Brown-S6quard,7 wlho from botlh clinical and experimental observations concluded that a one-sided lesion of the spinal cord produces m-otor para- lysis, with hyperaesthesia and loss of muscle sense on the same side, and in addition anaesthesia of all other forms of sensibility oni the oppositelhalf of the body.These conclusionslhave been,hlowever,violentlyattacked by botlh physiologists and clinicians, and even Brown- S36quard himself later modified hiis views, but they lhave formed tlle basis of all subsequent contributions, and it lias been, in fact, only within recent years that any important additions or modifications have been made to ,them.The exact intraspinal course of the various forms of sensation soon began to excite interest.Maniy workers, following Brown-S6quard and Selliff, held that pain and teinperature at least pass upwards thlrouglh the grey matter, while tactile imnpressions and those that underlie the sense of position, ascend, according to Scliff, through the dorsal columns.Beeibterew's and Bikel's experiments, however, made it probable that impressions of pain are conducted, after decussation, tlhrouglh the white matter of the ventral part of the lateral columns.But it is obvious
Lysis of Donor RBC During Plateletpheresis With a Blood Processor
Authors: Jean E. Howard
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Erythrocytes of a normal volunteer blood donor were grossly hemolyzed during plateletpheresis with the use of a continuous-flow centrifuge. Extensive studies of the donor's red blood cells (RBC) showed no abnormalities. Bank blood was then processed in the centrifuge in a manner identical to the prescribed in vivo plateletpheresis. Gross hemolysis consistently resulted when the tubing on the downstream side of the blood pump was partially obstructed by a twist. This experience calls for caution when assembling the harness of an extracorporeal circuit employing a pump. The tubing should be inspected to ensure the absence of obstructions.
Pay Now, Benefits May Follow — The Case of Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Rita F Redberg, Judith Walsh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The average American might assume that new medical procedures are proved beneficial before insurers pay for them. In reality, many new procedures are paid for even with no persuasive evidence of benefit. One consequence is health care expenditures that are growing substantially faster than the economy and a Medicare program projected to become insolvent in the next decade. Increased use of technology is the largest driver of this growth; its effect dwarfs that of the aging of our population. We should be able to curb these costs and increase value in health care by taking an evidence-based approach to insurance . . .
REPORT OF A CASE OF CEREBRAL TUMOR, DIAGNOSED BY FOCAL SYMPTOMS, WITH OPERATION, SUCCESSFUL REMOVAL OF TUMOR AND EXHIBITION OF SPECIMEN.Read before the Chicago Medical Society, Dec. 18, 1893.
Authors: D. A. K. STEELE
Journal: JAMA (1894)

In reporting to you a case of cerebral tumor diagnosed by focal symptoms and successfully removed, I desire to express my obligations to Drs. R. H. Isbester, O. A. King and W. E. Quine for a careful history, thorough examination and accurate diagnosis of the case before it was referred to me for operation, and to Dr. T. A. Davis for valuable assistance during and after the operation. The subject of cerebral tumors became interesting to surgeons in 1879 through the reports of cases by Macewen of Glasgow, and again especially in 1884, when Bennett and Godlee of London, arrested the attention of the surgical world by their narration of the diagnosis and removal of a subcortical tumor of the brain. Since then, many cerebral tumors have been diagnosed by focal symptoms and a few successfully removed. Horsley, Keen, Hirshfelder, Morse, Deaver, Nancrede and others have reported cases. I desire
Modularity, language, and the flexibility of thought
Authors: Peter Carruthers
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

The present response elucidates, elaborates, and defends the main thesis advanced in the target article: namely, that natural-language sentences play a constitutive role in some human thought processes, and that they are responsible for some of the distinctive flexibility of human thinking, serving to integrate the outputs of a variety of conceptual modules. Section R1 clarifies and elaborates this main thesis, responding to a number of objections and misunderstandings. Section R2 considers three contrasting accounts of the mechanism of intermodular integration. Section R3 discusses objections to some of the empirical data supporting my main thesis. Section R4 criticizes some competing theories of the role of language in cognition. And section R5 considers some proposed supplementary cognitive roles that language might play.
National Resident Matching Plan
Authors: Warren G. Thompson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections15 July 1988National Resident Matching PlanWarren G. Thompson, MD, Mitchell H. Charap, MDWarren G. Thompson, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Mitchell H. Charap, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-2-173_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:The analysis of National Resident Matching Plan data (1) obfuscates rather than illuminates the data. The major problems are the division of networks into importing, exporting, and deporting, and the definition of a network. The conclusions that importing networks are successful, that exporting networks should have positions eliminated, and that deporting networks should add positions or decrease class size are not validated by the data. The number of graduates going into internal medicine is a major determinant of how a network is classified. Had New York University School of Medicine been less successful in the number of...Reference1. Graettinger J. Internal medicine in the National Resident Matching Program 1987: the Ides of March. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:101-15. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10016 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1988Volume 109, Issue 2Page: 173-173KeywordsGraduate medical education Issue Published: 15 July 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Diastolic dysfunction and altered energetics in the alphaMHC403/+ mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: M Spindler, K W Saupe, M E Christe, H L Sweeney, C E Seidman, J G Seidman, J S Ingwall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

An arginine to glutamine missense mutation at position 403 of the beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain causes familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Here we study mice which have this same missense mutation (alphaMHC403/+) using an isolated, isovolumic heart preparation where cardiac performance is measured simultaneously with cardiac energetics using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We observed three major alterations in the physiology and bioenergetics of the alphaMHC403/+ mouse hearts. First, while there was no evidence of systolic dysfunction, diastolic function was impaired during inotropic stimulation. Diastolic dysfunction was manifest as both a decreased rate of left ventricular relaxation and an increase in end-diastolic pressure. Second, under baseline conditions alphaMHC403/+ hearts had lower phosphocreatine and increased inorganic phosphate contents resulting in a decrease in the calculated value for the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis. Third, hearts from alphaMHC403/+ hearts that were studied unpaced responded to increased perfusate calcium by decreasing heart rate approximately twice as much as wild types. We conclude that hearts from alphaMHC403/+ mice demonstrate work load-dependent diastolic dysfunction resembling the human form of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Changes in high-energy phosphate content suggest that an energy-requiring process may contribute to the observed diastolic dysfunction.
PEG-co-PCL nanoparticles modified with MMP-2/9 activatable low molecular weight protamine for enhanced targeted glioblastoma therapy
Authors: Guangzhi Gu, Huimin Xia, Quanyin Hu, Zhongyang Liu, Mengyin Jiang, Ting Kang, Deyu Miao, Yifan Tu, Zhiqing Pang, Qingxiang Song, Lei Yao, Hongzhan Chen, Xiaoling Gao, Jun Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
TECHNIC OF IRIDECTOMY DONE UNDER A CONJUNCTIVAL FLAP FOR GLAUCOMA, USING A BROAD KERATOME
Authors: ROBERT G. REESE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

During the period of ten years preceding Jan. 1, 1923, there have been performed 538 operations for glaucoma in my service at the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary. As it is impossible to follow up clinic patients successfully, it has been deemed wise to confine this report to 237 operations that I have performed on private patients, whose subsequent histories have been accurately followed for periods varying from four months to fifteen years. These patients have been repeatedly observed, and their fields, blind spots, tension and vision taken at practically every examination. Peters' and Lloyd's binocular campimeters and the tangent plane were used for recording Mariotte's blind spots, Rönne's step, and Seidl's and Bjerrum's scotomas. The tension was determined by digital palpation, and by Schiötz, Gradle-Hardy and McLean tonometers. One hundred of these cases were tested by Dr. Drake and myself, by digital palpation, and two models of each
SOCIOLOGY AND CRIMINOLOGY.
Authors: CLARK BELL
Journal: JAMA (1895)

That public interest in sociologic studies is on the increase in our day, can not be questioned. We may recognize its hold on popular thought, by remarking that in the present Congress more papers are contributed to the Department of Sociology and Criminology, than to any other. This is not in my opinion the result of chance, but is due to the increasing interest manifested in the world of thought in this domain of scientific investigation. Especial stimulus has been given to the study of criminology by Lombroso's writings, and others of his school. Enricco Ferri has touched it with his brilliant lance. Herman Kornfeld, Morris Benedikt, Kraft Ebbing, Morel, Le Grand du Saulle, Brierre du Bois Mont and Prosper Depine on the continent; Havelock Ellis, W. W. Ireland, Pritchard, Thomson, Dr. Nicholson and W. Douglass Morrison in Great Britain, and many other writers of distinction have illumined its importance.
The Waist-to-Hip Ratio as an Index of Central Obesity-Reply
Authors: T. Kue Young
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Dr Kahn's views on the existence of better indicators of abdominal obesity than the WHR. Given that the WHR is widely used in epidemiological studies, the intent of our article was to shed some light on its association with metabolic risks compared with the body mass index, based on a large, representative sample of a North American population. We stand by our conclusions relating to the relative strengths of association of body mass index and WHR, but welcome similar studies using more "direct" measure of abdominal obesity.