tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bush proposes Medicare reform
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

All Americans should have a good health insurance policy, so that they can choose their own doctor, rather than just rely on the state to dictate the coverage they are eligible for, President Bush told the American Medical Association earlier this month.

He was outlining proposals to reform the Medicare system for less well off people, including a new higher level of provision for those who wanted it. In doing so, he contrasted his vision with what he described as “government run healthcare ideas, the ideas in which the federal government decides care … rations care … dictates coverage.” Such a system, he said, …
Ethinyl Estradiol and Conjugated Estrogens as Postcoital Contraceptives
Authors: Garrett W. Dixon
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Five study centers enrolled 1,311 women seeking postcoital contraception methods. Ethinyl estradiol was administered at 5 mg/day and conjugated estrogens at 30 mg/day for five consecutive days starting within 72 hours of unprotected coitus. Eleven pregnancies occurred in the 976 women who had a single unprotected coitus at midcycle. Based on published information, 69 pregnancies would have been expected if no contraceptives were used. Although both treatments were effective in preventing pregnancy, ethinyl estradiol seemed to be more effective. At the two centers alternately prescribing both drugs, none of 137 women treated with ethinyl estradiol became pregnant, while six of the 132 given conjugated estrogens became pregnant. Women whose treatment commenced on the first postcoital day seemed to have lower pregnancy rates than those whose medication was delayed to the second or third postcoital day regardless of which drug was used. Side effects were mainly limited to nausea that occurred in 70% and vomiting that was experienced by 33% of all women treated.
Molecular Profiling for Druggable Genetic Abnormalities in Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
Authors: Daniel S.-W. Tan, Joey Montoya, Quan-Sing Ng, Kian-Sing Chan, Oon Lynette, Sai Sakktee Krisna, Angela Takano, Wan-Teck Lim, Eng-Huat Tan, Kiat-Hon Lim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)
Substrates and Products of Purified Rat Liver Bilirubin Udp – Glucuronosyltransferase
Authors: Namita Roy Chowdhury, Irwin M. Arias, Mitchell Lederstein, Jayanta Roy Chowdhury
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

To determine whether the isoform of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase which catalyzes the formation of bilirubin monoglucuronide also mediates the formation of bilirubin diglucuronide and other specific sugar conjugates of bilirubin, Wistar rats were treated with clofibrate (300 mg per kg i.p. X 7 days); this resulted in a 200% increase in hepatic transferase specific activity for bilirubin. Proteins from hepatic microsomal fractions were solubilized, and the transferase isoform with activity toward bilirubin was purified by a combination of chromatofocusing, affinity chromatography and hydrophobic chromatography, to apparent homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified isoform catalyzed the formation of monoglucuronide and diglucuronide (with UDP-glucuronic acid as a cosubstrate), and glucoside and xyloside (with UDP-glucose and UDP-xylose as respective cosubstrates) of bilirubin and glucuronidation of the carcinogen metabolite 4'-hydroxydimethylaminoazobenzene. It also catalyzed the conversion of bilirubin monoglucuronide to diglucuronide (with UDP-glucuronic acid as cosubstrate, pH optimum 7.8), to mixed glucuronide-glucoside conjugate (with UDP-glucose as a cosubstrate) and to unconjugated bilirubin (with UDP as a cosubstrate, pH optimum 5.5). Each transferase activity was copurified at each purification step. Results of enzyme kinetic studies suggest that UDP-glucuronic acid, UDP-glucose and UDP-xylose recognize a common site. Transferase activities toward bilirubin were not detectable in homozygous Gunn rats liver microsomal fractions; in heterozygous Gunn rats, these activities were reduced by 40 to 60%. The results suggest that conjugation of bilirubin with glucuronic acid, glucose or xylose is catalyzed by a single transferase isoform.
Organ blood flow after partial hepatectomy in rats: modification by endotoxin-neutralizing bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI23)
Authors: Marja A Boermeester, Alexander P.J Houdijk, Irene H Straatsburg, Cornelis J.F.van Noorden, Paul A.M.van Leeuwen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
In vitro fertilisation in a small unit in the NHS
Authors: P. Bromwich, A. Walker, S. Kennedy, M. Wiley, D. Little, C. Ross, I. Sargent, J. Bellinger, H. O'Reilly, A. Lopez-Bernal, A. L Brice, D. Barlow
Journal: BMJ (1988)

In vitro fertilisation is one of the most effective new treatments for infertility, but financial restrictions have made it impossible for it to be widely carried out in the National Health Service. We report on the establishment of a small, largely self funded, unit that was set up with the help of the local health service management. All cycles are programmed so that most work is carried out during the working week; oocyte recoveries are performed as outpatient procedures without general anaesthesia and guided by ultrasound. Roughly a tenth of treatment cycles and roughly a fifth of embryo transfers resulted in a clinical pregnancy.
Relationship between Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Changes and Cerebral Blood Flow
Authors: M. RICH, P. SCHEINBERG, M. S. BELLE
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

This study of the effects of certain drugs, gas mixtures, and other stimuli on the cerebrospinal fluid pressure corroborates previous conclusions that alterations in cerebral blood flow are reflected by similar changes in the cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the same direction. The hypothesis is advanced that the elevations and depressions in cerebrospinal fluid pressure resulting from these agents are due to the respective increased and decreased volume of the vascular structures of the brain, expanding within its rigid container.
Selective Bronchography and Bronchial Brushing
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This book is a detailed, extensively illustrated description of the radiological technique of bronchography. The topic of bronchial brushing is given rather superficial treatment. One cannot become proficient at performing bronchograms or even interpreting them by reading a book, but this volume would be a useful reference source in a department of radiology. The authors have a vast experience, having performed more than 1,700 bronchograms in a major teaching hospital devoted to cardiac and pulmonary diseases. Originally published in French, the English translation by Jeffrey Diamond is adequate and probably quite faithful to the original, for one has the feeling that it is a translation and not an original English text. Springer-Verlag has a reputation for producing fine medical illustrations and remains true to this reputation with the publication of this book. The more than 400 illustrations are really outstanding. Unfortunately, the price will place it beyond the means of
Emigration for Health--A Warning
Authors: W. G. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Lovell ends by saying, "This epidemic disease of our time presents, above all else, a problem in preventive medicine."Can we not warn people of the circumstances which put them at increased risk through the usual media of communication ?It is very easy to say there is far too much doctor-induced illhealth among those who have suffered from cardiac infarction.2We can think of examples of patients in hospital who have had their cards sent to them by their employers, and some of our patients, once they are ill, receive no pay apart from sickness benefit, since they are not staff members.Aren't these factors likely to produce neurotic ill-health ?Further- more, it has been our experience that there are many patients who will inevitably fail under the stress of a coronary incident.-Weare, etc.,
Molecular aspects of erythroenzymopathies associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia
Authors: Shiro Miwa, Hisaichi Fujii
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Since the discovery of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and of pyruvate kinase deficiencies, erythroenzymopathies associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia have been extensively investigated. Kinetic and electrophoretic studies have shown that most, if not all, erythroenzymopathies are caused by the production of a mutant enzyme. Except for a few enzymes that are abundant in blood and tissues, it is difficult to obtain enough sample to study the functional and structural abnormalities of mutant enzymes associated with genetic disorders in man. The primary structures of only two normal red cell enzymes which can cause hereditary hemolytic anemia, phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and adenylate kinase, have been determined. Single amino acid substitutions of PGK variants have been found, and the identification of the exact molecular abnormalities of such variants has helped us to understand the accompanying functional abnormality. Gene cloning makes possible the identification of the DNA sequence that codes for enzyme proteins. Recently, human complementary DNA (cDNA) for aldolase, PGK, G6PD, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) have been isolated, and the nucleotide sequences for PGK and ADA determined. In the near future, human cDNA sequencing should permit identification of the gene alteration that gives rise to the mutant enzymes.
Characteristics of Coronary Smooth Muscle Cells and Adventitial Fibroblasts
Authors: Sachin Patel, Yi Shi, Rodica Niculescu, Eugene H. Chung, Jack L. Martin, Andrew Zalewski
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Recent findings suggesting the involvement of adventitial cells in coronary repair have raised questions regarding the phenotypic “plasticity” of medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Accordingly, the aims of the present study were to examine the characteristics of coronary medial and adventitial cells and to compare the responses of coronary and noncoronary SMCs to stimulation. Methods and Results —Enzymatically isolated coronary SMCs (human and porcine) were distinct from noncoronary SMCs, showing poor adhesion and spreading, as well as lower proliferation, collagen synthesis, and LDL degradation. Several extracellular matrix components (Matrigel, collagen I and IV, laminin, vitronectin, fibronectin) or growth factors (epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, insulin growth factor-1, interleukin-1α) failed to augment the adhesion or proliferation of coronary SMCs to the levels observed in noncoronary SMCs. Unlike coronary SMCs, coronary fibroblasts demonstrated high adhesion, proliferation, collagen synthesis, and avid LDL metabolism. Limited responses of coronary SMCs were associated with sustained expression of differentiation markers (α-smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain), whereas noncoronary SMCs showed marked phenotypic heterogeneity. Conclusions —Coronary SMCs appeared to maintain highly differentiated phenotype in response to stimulation, whereas coronary adventitial fibroblasts demonstrated several characteristics that are essential during vascular repair. Coronary SMCs, however, were distinct from noncoronary medial cells, which displayed greater phenotypic heterogeneity and versatility in culture. We postulate that the mechanism of vascular repair may differ among vascular beds, pointing to the importance of coronary artery–specific investigations in vascular biology.
Rh hemolytic disease. Epidemiologic surveillance in the United States, 1968 to 1975
Authors: D. K. Wysowski
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Nationwide surveillance of Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn showed that associated infant mortality decreased from 941 deaths in 1968 to 269 deaths in 1975, or from 2.7 to 0.9 per 10,000 live births. The incidence of Rh hemolytic disease declined from 45 per 10,000 total births in 1970 to 21 per 10,000 in 1975. In 1970, an estimated 16,000 infants were affected, whereas in 1975, the number was 6,000. Several state-based Rh disease surveillance programs reported declining mortality and incidence and increasing use of Rh immune globulin. Rh immune globulin was administered to an estimated 80% of eligible Rh-negative women in 1974, eighty-one percent in 1975, and 82% in 1976. More concerted efforts are needed to determine the frequency of maternal sensitization and to identify and correct gaps in postpartum and postabortion use of Rh immune globulin. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1376-1379, 1979)
PRIMARY STAPHYLOCOCCIC PNEUMONIA
Authors: HOBART A. REIMANN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Increase in knowledge of acute bacterial pulmonary disease requires a revision in the terminology of lung infections. Anatomic or descriptive terms such as lobar, lobular, croupous, fibrinous or catarrhal pneumonia are no longer acceptable and will become as obsolete as the designation "enteric fever." It is not of much importance clinically, for example, whether in enteritis the ulcers are present solely in the ileum or in the colon, but it is extremely important whether the disease is due to the typhoid bacillus or to Endamoeba histolytica. Similarly, it is of no great moment from the standpoint of specific prophylaxis, therapy or prognosis whether the lesion in pneumonia is in the alveoli or in the interstitial tissue, but it is of great importance whether the infection is due to the type I pneumococcus or the staphylococcus. In other words, etiologic diagnoses must eventually supplant anatomic diagnoses. It is surprising that the
Pneumococcal Vaccination: When in Doubt, Go Ahead
Authors: Daniel Temianka
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Although universal immunization against pneumococcal disease is desirable, the calls for blanket immunization presented in the September 5 issue<sup>1</sup>do not adequately address two concerns. Notwithstanding "unfounded concerns about adverse reaction," the 1990<i>Physicians' Desk Reference</i>continues to state, "Re-vaccination of adults is contraindicated... since an increased incidence and severity of adverse reactions among healthy adults receiving such re-injections have been noted." When faced with uncertainty as to whether a patient has had previous vaccination, and with such a dire warning, it is not surprising that many physicians will demur. It is unreasonable to expect the medical community to ignore this risk in today's litigious society. Because many patients are unable to give a reliable history of prior vaccination, more thought should be given to a foolproof system of documenting immunization. Use of a harmless dye in the vaccine, together with a convention that immunization always
PIM inhibitors target CD25-positive AML cells through concomitant suppression of STAT5 activation and degradation of MYC oncogene
Authors: Zhuyan Guo, Anlai Wang, Weidong Zhang, Mikhail Levit, Qiang Gao, Claude Barberis, Michel Tabart, Jingxin Zhang, Dietmar Hoffmann, Dmitri Wiederschain, Jennifer Rocnik, Fangxian Sun, Josh Murtie, Christoph Lengauer, Stefan Gross, Bailin Zhang, Hong Cheng, Vinod Patel, Laurent Schio, Francisco Adrian, Marion Dorsch, Carlos Garcia-Echeverria, Shih-Min A. Huang
Journal: Blood (2014)
The Isotretinoin Teratogen Syndrome
Authors: Paul J. Benke
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Two infants with prominent frontal bossing, hydrocephalus, microphthalmia, and small, malformed, low-set, undifferentiated ears were born to mothers who had taken isotretinoin in the first trimester of pregnancy. A Dandy-Walker malformation, microcephaly, hypertelorism, small ear canals, cleft palate, small mouth, and congenital heart disease were also observed. Isotretinoin is a potent teratogen in man; maternal ingestion early in pregnancy leads to a distinct clinical pattern of anomalies.
SOME INTERESTING POINTS PERTAINING TO REFRACTION.
Authors: G. C. SAVAGE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

It is a well-known fact that the curved, colored, protective glass has the effect of a concave lens. The surfaces are supposed to be parallel. A short while ago, while teaching one of my private classes, I decided to have the effect of such surfaces determined, both by mathematics and by the experiment of having such a glass ground. Let the convex surface of such a body have a six-inch radius of curvature and the concave surface have radius of five and seven-eighths inches; the surfaces being concentric are one-eighth of an inch apart and parallel. "The mathematical formula would be: (n—1) [(1÷R)—(1÷R′)]=1÷f=.6[(1÷5⅞)—⅙]=1÷f=1÷0021286, therefore f=470 inches, and the lens is divergent. Hence if a plain glass is bent around a cylinder it results in an astigmatic divergent lens. If bent around a sphere a symmetrical divergent lens." Since the part of the human cornea in front of the pupillary
Diabetic Alert Dogs: A Preliminary Survey of Current Users
Authors: Linda Gonder-Frederick, Pam Rice, Dan Warren, Karen Vajda, Jaclyn Shepard
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Methods for monitoring blood glucose (BG) levels play many essential roles in diabetes management, and one of the most important is alerting individuals to the occurrence of hypoglycemia. A growing number of individuals with diabetes are turning to the use of Diabetic Alert Dogs (DADs) for hypoglycemia detection, despite their high cost. Testimonials from DAD owners and trainers have reported in the media that the accuracy of trained canine alerts matches that of BG monitoring technology (1,2) and described other benefits attributed to DADs, including improvements in glycemic control and quality of life (QoL). However, with the exception of one abstract from a case study (3) there is no scientific evidence that confirms the ability of DADs to detect hypoglycemia accurately or to improve clinical outcomes and QoL. We …
Complications Associated With Ambulatory Surgery
Authors: Herbert E. Natof
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The interest in ambulatory surgery has grown substantially during the past ten years. To evaluate the medical aspects of ambulatory care objectively, there must be accurate, reliable, and pertinent complication data. A prospective study of 13,433 patients at a freestanding ambulatory surgical center was performed. Ninety-nine and eight-tenths percent of the patients were followed up through the first two postoperative weeks. One hundred six medical, surgical, or anesthetic complications were identified in the patient population. No deaths occurred in the center, and there was no instance of cardiovascular collapse. Sixteen patients were transferred to a general hospital. Surgery and anesthesia performed in either the inpatient or outpatient setting may be associated with serious complications. Many surgical procedures can be performed as safely in the outpatient setting as in the hospital inpatient setting.
Acute kidney injury and malignant hypertension caused by occlusive radiation vasculopathy
Authors: C. Vassilas, N. Ramachandran, C. Laing, D. J. B. Marks
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 46 year old woman who presented with seizures, bilateral papillo-oedema, and blood pressure of 250/140 mm Hg was diagnosed with malignant hypertension. Eight years …
Multiple myeloma. New approaches to therapy
Authors: C. E. Dunbar
Journal: JAMA (1993)

SELECTED CASE  A 57-year-old woman with multiple myeloma was referred to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute for autologous bone marrow transplantation. She developed rib and back pain in October 1990. Her pain progressed and in May 1991 she was found to have a sedimentation rate of 131 mm/h, osteopenia, and anemia. She was referred to a hematologist, and workup revealed a total protein level of 101 g/L with a monoclonal IgA-λ of 52 g/L. Laboratory values were as follows: creatinine, 159.12 μmol/L (1.80 mg/dL); calcium, 2.74 mmol/L (11.00 mg/dL); and hemoglobin 99 g/L, with normal leukocyte and platelet counts; β 2 microglobulin was elevated, at 449175 nmol/L (5300 mg/L). Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy revealed 60% plasma cells, and roentgenograms revealed lytic lesions in the skull, humeri, and spine.  The patient was treated with six cycles of monthly oral melphalan and prednisone. Her back pain resolved after two
Exercise Treatment for Bipolar Disorder: Potential Mechanisms of Action Mediated through Increased Neurogenesis and Decreased Allostatic Load
Authors: Louisa G. Sylvia, Rebecca M. Ametrano, Andrew A. Nierenberg
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

Outcomes are frequently suboptimal for patients with bipolar disorder who are treated with pharmacotherapy alone. Adjunct exercise has the potential to substantially improve acute and long-term outcomes, although how exercise would improve the course of bipolar disorder needs to be elucidated. We propose that exercise may improve mood and functioning by increasing neurogenesis and reducing allostatic load. We review data suggesting that exercise increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which in turn increases neurogenesis and decreases allostatic load. Exercise as a psychosocial adjunct for bipolar disorder should be assessed with rigorous randomized clinical trials.
Lack of Immunotoxicity After Regional Intravenous (RI) Delivery of rAAV to Nonhuman Primate Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Alice Toromanoff, Oumeya Adjali, Thibaut Larcher, Marcelo Hill, Lydie Guigand, Pierre Chenuaud, Jack-Yves Deschamps, Olivier Gauthier, Gilles Blancho, Bernard Vanhove, Fabienne Rolling, Yan Chérel, Philippe Moullier, Ignacio Anegon, Caroline Le Guiner
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

In the absence of an immune response from the host, intramuscular (IM) injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) results in the permanent expression of the transgene from mouse to primate models. However, recent gene transfer studies into animal models and humans indicate that the risk of transgene and/or capsid-specific immune responses occurs and depends on multiple factors. Among these factors, the route of delivery is important, although poorly addressed in large animal models. Here, we compare the IM and the drug-free regional intravenous (RI) deliveries of rAAV in nonhuman primate (NHP) skeletal muscle monitoring the host immune response toward the transgene. We show that IM is consistently associated with immunotoxicity and the destruction of the genetically modified myofibers, whereas RI allows the stable expression of the transgene. This has important implications for the design of clinical trials for gene transfer in skeletal muscle. In the absence of an immune response from the host, intramuscular (IM) injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) results in the permanent expression of the transgene from mouse to primate models. However, recent gene transfer studies into animal models and humans indicate that the risk of transgene and/or capsid-specific immune responses occurs and depends on multiple factors. Among these factors, the route of delivery is important, although poorly addressed in large animal models. Here, we compare the IM and the drug-free regional intravenous (RI) deliveries of rAAV in nonhuman primate (NHP) skeletal muscle monitoring the host immune response toward the transgene. We show that IM is consistently associated with immunotoxicity and the destruction of the genetically modified myofibers, whereas RI allows the stable expression of the transgene. This has important implications for the design of clinical trials for gene transfer in skeletal muscle.
Presidential Disability and the Twenty-fifth Amendment-Reply
Authors: Robert J. Joynt
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —In response to the letter by Dr Lee, I did not imply that there was any floundering in the Bush administration regarding the disability and succession issue.  Lee's letter raises two important points: (1) the American public likely does not understand the workings of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, and they would find it difficult to accept the concept of an acting president, and (2) the careful plans described by Lee are unknown to most of us. It is obvious they would have to be shorn of sensitive and security issues, but promulgation of the plans would be reassuring to the public.