tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Two-Port Technique
Authors: K. F. Leung, K. W. Lee, T. Y. Cheung, L. C. Leung, K. W. Lau
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy requires four ports. The present study describes a new laparoscopic cholecystectomy technique using two ports only.Sixty-two consecutive patients with symptomatic gallstones underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy using this two-port technique. The operation requires a straightforward laparoscope and a percutaneous sling to retract the gallbladder laterally and cephalad.The two-port method was successful in 52 patients; eight required an additional port, and two required conversion to open surgery. Our results showed that the operating time and complication rate were comparable to those in other series using the conventional laparoscopic method.The two-port method is technically more demanding, and should only be used to remove simple, uncomplicated gallbladders. The surgeon should always be prepared to insert more trocars or convert to open procedures when necessary.
Nursing-Home Infections — The Context
Authors: Jerry Avorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Among the technologic, economic, and cultural milestones of the past decade, one was scarcely noticed: The number of beds committed to nursing-home care in the United States surpassed the number of beds in acute-care hospitals.1 Long-term care of the elderly has always been a relatively hidden component of the health-care system. We now face the paradoxical circumstance that this hidden system has become more extensive than the more visible system that eclipses it. Geriatric long-term care is now a $25-billion-a-year industry; fully 40 per cent of the Medicaid budget for all age groups is spent on nursing-home care for the . . .
Advantages of INVITRO LABELED TC-99M RED BLOOD CELLS IN THE DETECTION OF GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING SITES
Authors: Stephen R. Bunker, Robert J. Lull, Robert J. McAuley, Jerry M. Brown, John H. Jackson, Robert S. Hattner, John P. Huberty
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Bunker, Stephen R.; Lull, Robert J.; McAuley, Robert J.; Brown, Jerry M.; Jackson, John H.; Hattner, Robert S.; Huberty, John P. Author Information
The organization of action representations in posterior parietal cortex
Authors: Scott H. Johnson-Frey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Glover suggests that representational systems for planning versus control are mapped exclusively to the inferior (IPL) versus superior (SPL) parietal lobules respectively. Yet, there is ample evidence that the IPL and SPL both contribute to action planning and control. Alternatively, I distinguish between the parietal-frontal systems involved in the representation of acquired manual skills versus nonskilled actions.
Fracking poses little risk to public health, but evidence is limited
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Fracking to extract shale gas is unlikely to have a detrimental effect on the health of people living nearby, provided that operations are properly run and regulated, a report from Public Health England has concluded.

However, the body has admitted that little robust research has looked specifically at the health implications of fracking and that most of the existing data come from the United States, which has a different geology and may use different chemicals and procedures to the ones that could be used in the United Kingdom.

Fracking involves the pumping of water and chemicals into dense shale formations to push out gas and oil. The review by Public Health England’s centre for radiation, chemical, and environmental hazards, whose findings were published in a draft report on 31 October, focuses on the potential effects on health of the chemicals used and any radioactive material released.1

One of the risks the review looked at is the potential for contamination of groundwater. The report emphasises that the underground fracking …
Eliminating Inpatient Sliding-Scale Insulin: A Reeducation Project With Medical House Staff
Authors: David Baldwin, Griselda Villanueva, Robert McNutt, Sarika Bhatnagar
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Burden of Type 2Diabetes in Young Korean Adults Owing to Obesity P revious large-scale surveys reported that magnitudes of increase in type 2 diabetes and obesity are more remarkable among young adults than older ones, whereas prevalences of these are lower in young adults (1,2).These epidemiological findings have very important implications in clinical practice and public health policies.Despite its significance, however, there are few reports on the effects of obesity on the risk of disease in younger generations compared with older people.We investigated the effects of BMI on the development of type 2 diabetes according to age-group in a large-scale, 10year follow-up cohort, the Korea National Health Insurance Corporation (KNHIC) study.The KNHIC provides medical insurance to public servants, teachers, and their dependents.Of KNHIC members, 883,697 men and women aged 25-64 years in 1992 were selected as study subjects.All of the subjects were required to complete a medical questionnaire and have their general health status assessed every 2 years by the KNHIC.A more detailed description of the subjects has been published (3).Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed when the fasting plasma glucose level is Ն126 mg/dl or subjects were treated for type 2 diabetes.BMI was categorized by 1-unit increments to examine the overall disease risks in detail with regard to the degree of obesity.In the analyses, the reference point was set as a BMI of 21 kg/m 2 .We found a significant linear dosedependent relationship between BMI and type 2 diabetes in all age-groups (all P Ͻ 0.05 for the linear trend), and these trends were more pronounced in the younger groups.The interaction between BMI and age-group was statistically significant (P ϭ 0.003).With the reference BMI level of 21 kg/m 2 , subjects with a BMI of 25 kg/m 2 who were between 20 and 29 years old had a relative risk of 2.24 (95% CI 1.95-2.49),while subjects aged 30 -39, 40 -49, and Ն50 years with this BMI had relative risks of 2.28 (2.13-2.43),1.90 (1.78 -2.02), and 1.80 (1.65-1.95),respectively.Subjects with a BMI of 30 kg/m 2 who were between 20 and 29 years old had a relative risk of 6.69 (4.52-8.33),while subjects aged 30 -39, 40 -49, and Ն50 years with this BMI had relative risks of 4. 90 (4.11-5.58),4.09 (3.47-4.62),and 2.67 (2.05-3.17),respectively.The discrepancy between these risks increased with BMI.We found steeper dosedependent relationships between BMI and type 2 diabetes in the younger age-groups than in the older groups.Because type 2 diabetes leads to longterm morbidity, the prevention of obesity in younger generations and the early identification of overt disease need to be considered as critical public health issues.Therefore, public effort is needed to control weight problems and obesity in young people to prevent future health problems before it is too late.
Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity in intact fibroblasts from patients with X-linked hyperuricemia.
Authors: M J Holland, A M DiLorenzo, J Dancis, M E Balis, T F Yü, R P Cox
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Discordance between clinical phenotype and the level of a mutant enzyme activity may reflect differences between enzyme function in vivo and that measured by the customary enzyme assays on cell extracts. In the present study, the conversion of hypoxanthine to phosphorylated products was measured in intact skin fibroblasts and in cell extracts from seven patients with mutant hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) and six control subjects. The patient's phenotypes ranged from asymptomatic hyperuricemia to the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Although there was a general correlation between the HPRT activity in cell extracts assayed by the usual methods and the function of the purine salvage pathway in patients, as reflected by urinary oxypurine excretion, there were notable exceptions. A more accurate appraisal of the functioning of the pathway at the cellular level is achieved by measuring the conversion of substrate to product in the intact cell at physiological concentrations of substrates, activators, and product and metabolite inhibitors, and in a physiological ionic environment. In one of the seven patients, the standard enzyme assay indicated normal function, whereas measurements in the intact cell exposed severe dysfunction of the salvage system. In another, the standard assay suggested a severe deficiency not evident in the intact cell or in the patient.
The Effect of Treatment History on Therapeutic Outcome: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Simon Kessner, Katja Wiech, Katarina Forkmann, Markus Ploner, Ulrike Bingel
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Therapeutic context can critically determine treatment outcome.1 Prior experience with a treatment is an important contextual factor that has been shown to modulate treatment efficacy.2,3 To date, this influence of prior treatment experience has been studied only within the same treatment approach. However, in clinical practice, treatments are often changed, particularly in case of failure. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate whether the effects of treatment history carry over from one treatment approach to another.
Learning from Failure in Health Care Reform
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: In Oberlander's Perspective article on failure in health care reform (Oct. 25 issue),1 the author's assessment of the current prospects for major reform is too bleak. Many changes since the failure of the Clinton plan make health care reform much more likely. Most important are the rising costs of care, which are becoming intolerable for the payers, including big business, the federal government, and insured individuals. Meanwhile, the number of uninsured is at record levels and rising rapidly — a national disgrace demanding correction. The many businesses profiting from the present system are far outnumbered by those . . .
Injuries to the Cervical Spine
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Centers specializing in diagnosis and treatment of trauma to the cervical spine offer the best hope for recovery of patients with such injuries. Such is the belief of the neurosurgeon and neuroradiologist who have fused their experience in this excellent book. Emphasis rests on neurological and radiological diagnosis, and on early treatment (leaving details of operative procedures to other sources). Diagrams and drawings are used to illustrate mechanisms of injury to the spine and cord. The numerous radiographs are so good that the authors needed no apologies for their quality, superior to that of many expensive atlases. The authors stress the need for taking films of the entire cervical spine for injury anywhere therein, with hints on technique so as not to aggravate the injury. Few special views are advocated. The last half of the book comprises illustrative cases and comments for upper (first two) and lower cervical spine injuries.
Elastic fibres in normal and sun-damaged skin: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: S.L. MERA, C.R. LOVELL, R.RUSSELL JONES, J.D. DAVIES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Sun-exposed and sun-protected skin obtained at post mortem from the nape of the neck in 14 subjects was immunostained using antisera to elastic, lysozyme, amyloid P component, and the plasma protease inhibitors alpha-I antitrypsin, alpha-I amichymotrypsin and alpha-2 macro-globulin. Both the normal clastic fibres in sun-protected skin, and clastosis in sun-exposed skin were positively immunostained for elastin, lysozyme and amyloid P component. Collagen fibres were unstained. No immunostaining of normal elastic fibres or elastosis in the skin was obtained with antisera to alpha-I antitrypsin, alpha-I antichymotrypsin or alpha-2 macroglobulin. It was concluded that the clastosis in sun-exposed skin does contain elastic fibres. The absence of immunostaining for plasma protease inhibitors probably indicates that the elastic material is mature, and not newly-formed.
Surgery of the Hip Joint
Authors: L. F. Peltier
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This book is intended to be "a global reference for the surgical management of hip disorders." It realizes this intention remarkably well by transcending the usual limitations of regional books. There is a well-balanced presentation of all aspects of the surgical treatment of injuries and diseases of the hip. The contributors include a good representation from American, British, and Continental clinics and represent a broad spectrum of opinions. At a time when orthopedic surgeons tend to be preoccupied with the latest total joint replacement, it is refreshing to be reminded of the many other techniques of management that are still very useful. No serious student of orthopedics, young or old, should fail to become familiar with the contents of this book.<i>Surgery of the Hip Joint</i>will be a valuable reference source for many years.
Low frequency of DNMT3A mutations in pediatric AML, and the identification of the OCI-AML3 cell line as an in vitro model
Authors: I H I M Hollink, Q Feng, A A Danen-van Oorschot, S T C J M Arentsen-Peters, L J Verboon, P Zhang, V de Haas, D Reinhardt, U Creutzig, J Trka, R Pieters, M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, J Wang, C M Zwaan
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Hospital patients in Bosnia are nutritionally vulnerable
Authors: J. P Beavis, C Lavy, S. Harper, P. Garvin, A. Arnautovic
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Josephine Vespa and Fiona Watson's paper describing nutritional vulnerability in elderly people during the Bosnian war reminds us that not only missiles give rise to casualties.1 The onslaught against Sarajevo and other enclaves massively reduced supplies of fuel, running water, and food. Not surprisingly, the weakest suffer most in such circumstances. The authors fail, however, to recognise another group of highly vulnerable people—namely, those who have been wounded. At least 600000 Bosnians have suffered injuries in this war, and their special …
Immunological aspects of psoriasis.
Authors: J. CLOT, J. J. GUILHOU, J. MEYNADIER, B. PARADIS, M. ANDARY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

An anti-IgG activity has previously been reported at the cellular level in patients with psoriasis. This activity was demonstrated by the so-called 'rheumatoid' rosette test. In the present work the nature of 'rheumatoid' rosette-forming cells was studied in comparison with other EA rosette techniques. The use of purified cell populations showed that the lymphocytes participating in the 'rheumatoid' rosette phenomenon were lacking conventional T and B cell membrane markers, and were thus referred to as null cells. Such mononuclear cells bearing a receptor for the Fc part of IgG were able to act as killer cells to IgG-coated target cells. The cytotoxic activity was mainly restricted to a small proportion of lymphocytes forming 'rheumatoid' rosettes which had a high avidity for EA complexes. Such cytotoxicity could contribute to the aetiology of lesions in psoriasis.
The Mystic Statistic
Authors: Stanley S. Schor
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit Network Randomized Clinical Trial in Progress
Authors: Mark B. Landon, Elizabeth Thom, Catherine Y. Spong, Marshall Carpenter, Lisa Mele, Francee Johnson, JoAnn Tillinghast, Garland Anderson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

It is recognized that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) who have significantly elevated fasting blood glucose levels are at increased risk for fetal macrosomia and perinatal morbidity if treatment is not provided (1,2). The association of milder forms of GDM with perinatal morbidity and mortality remains unclear, primarily because the condition is often confounded with other risk factors such as maternal obesity, age, and parity. Screening for GDM is recommended for most pregnant women, yet it is unknown whether there is a benefit to the identification and treatment of mild carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy (3,4). The present report is an update of our previous description of a current ongoing randomized treatment trial for mild GDM (5). A randomized clinical trial of women with mild GDM (fasting glucose <95 mg/dl) is being undertaken that compares perinatal outcomes in those receiving diet therapy and insulin as required versus those randomized to no specific treatment. This study aims to clarify whether there is utility in identifying and treating women with a normal fasting glucose level who meet standard criteria for GDM. We plan to compare perinatal outcomes in women who have been randomized to diet and/or insulin therapy with women who have been randomized to no specific treatment. A randomized treatment trial of mild GDM will clarify whether identification and treatment of mild GDM reduce perinatal morbidity. This information will assist in determining appropriate thresholds for the treatment of GDM.

Overall, with broader identification and aggressive treatment, perinatal mortality rates associated with GDM appear to be similar to the nondiabetic population (1). Several analyses of 20 years ago did document an increased stillbirth rate for GDM pregnancies that would qualify as preexisting diabetes according to World Health Organization criteria (6–9). Below this threshold, the extent to …
THE BEST METHODS OF STERILIZING OPHTHALMIC INSTRUMENTS AND SOLUTIONS OF MYOTICS AND MYDRIATICS.
Authors: E. A. DE SCHWEINITZ
Journal: JAMA (1898)

That process of sterilization is of course the most useful which gives the best results and can be most quickly carried out, as boiling, where it is convenient, has been the means par excellence long recognized for destroying bacteria. Specially devised droppers, as Stroschein's<sup>1</sup>and Llewellyn's bottles, in which the solutions of mydriatic or myotic can be boiled before use, are satisfactory, but unless a cap is provided for the exit tube, or the tube itself has a bend that serves as a trap and keeps the solution in the bottle free from dust, there is always danger of contamination of the solution upon repeated handling. Even if the bottle is provided with such a trap, the solution which collects in it should be removed each time before use by gently flaming the tip, or by the use of disinfectants. The mere forcing of more solution through the unsterile
Milk fat globule–EGF factor 8/lactadherin plays a crucial role in maintenance and repair of murine intestinal epithelium
Authors: Heng-Fu Bu, Xiu-Li Zuo, Xiao Wang, Michael A. Ensslin, Vjola Koti, Wei Hsueh, Adam S. Raymond, Barry D. Shur, Xiao-Di Tan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Milk fat globule–EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8)/lactadherin participates in several cell surface–mediated regulatory events. Although its mRNA is present in the gut, the physiological roles of MFG-E8 in the intestinal mucosa have not been explored. Here we show that MFG-E8 was expressed in intestinal lamina propria macrophages from mice. Using a wound-healing assay, MFG-E8 was shown to promote the migration of intestinal epithelial cells through a PKCε-dependent mechanism. MFG-E8 bound to phosphatidylserine and triggered reorientation of the actin cytoskeleton in intestinal epithelial cells at the wound edge. Depleting MFG-E8 in mice by administration of anti–MFG-E8 antibody or targeted deletion of the MFG-E8 gene resulted in a slowing of enterocyte migration along the crypt-villus axis and focal mucosal injury. Moreover, in septic mice, intestinal MFG-E8 expression was downregulated, which correlated with intestinal injury, interrupted enterocyte migration, and impaired restitution. Treatment with recombinant MFG-E8 restored enterocyte migration, whereas deletion of MFG-E8 impeded mucosal healing in mice with sepsis. These results suggest that a decrease in intestinal MFG-E8 impairs intestinal mucosal repair in sepsis. Together, our data indicate that MFG-E8 plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the promotion of mucosal healing and suggest that recombinant MFG-E8 may be beneficial for the treatment of bowel injuries.
160 Design and validation of a histologic scoring system for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: D KLEINER, E BRUNT, M VANNATTA, C BEHLING, M CONTOS, O CUMMINGS, L FERRELL, Y LIU, M TORBENSON, M YEH
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
A Comprehensive Analysis of Adverse Obstetric and Pediatric Complications in Women with Asthma
Authors: Laila J. Tata, Sarah A. Lewis, Tricia M. McKeever, Chris J. P. Smith, Pat Doyle, Liam Smeeth, Joe West, Richard B. Hubbard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Previous studies have raised concern that women with asthma have increased risks of adverse obstetric and pediatric complications, but these have generally been underpowered.To quantify risks of major adverse pregnancy outcomes and obstetric complications in women with and without asthma.We extracted information on 281,019 pregnancies from the Health Improvement Network database between 1988 and 2004. We analyzed the data using logistic regression.In 37,585 pregnancies of women with asthma compared with 243,434 pregnancies of women without asthma, risks of stillbirth and therapeutic abortion were similar; however, the risk of miscarriage was slightly higher (odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.13). Risks of most obstetric complications (placental abruption, placental insufficiency, placenta previa, preeclampsia, hypertension, gestational diabetes, thyroid disorders in pregnancy, and assisted delivery) were not higher in pregnancies of women with asthma compared with those without asthma, with the exception of increases in antepartum (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.08-1.34) or postpartum (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.21-1.57) hemorrhage, anemia (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12), depression (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.36-1.69), and caesarean section (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.16). Risks of miscarriage, depression, and caesarean section increased moderately in women with more severe asthma and previous asthma exacerbations.We found some increased risks in women with asthma that need to be considered in the future; however, our results indicate that women with asthma have similar reproductive risks compared with women without asthma in the general population for most of the range of outcomes studied.