tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adding ezetimibe to simvastatin improved cardiovascular outcomes in stable acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Christopher B. Fordyce, Christopher B. Granger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

ACP Journal Club15 September 2015Adding ezetimibe to simvastatin improved cardiovascular outcomes in stable acute coronary syndromeChristopher B. Fordyce, MD, MSc, Christopher B. Granger, MDChristopher B. Fordyce, MD, MScDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA (C.B.F., C.B.G.)Search for more papers by this author, Christopher B. Granger, MDDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA (C.B.F., C.B.G.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2015-163-6-007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationCannon CP, Blazing MA, Giugliano RP, et al; IMPROVE-IT Investigators. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372:2387-97. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26039521Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Cardiology: References1. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, et al; Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet. 2005;366:1267−78. [PMID: 16214597] Google Scholar2. Mills EJ, O’Regan C, Eyawo O, et al. Intensive statin therapy compared with moderate dosing for prevention of cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of > 40 000 patients. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1409-15. [PMID: 21385791] Google Scholar3. Rosenson RS, Kent ST, Brown TM, et al. Underutilization of high-intensity statin therapy after hospitalization for coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:270-7. [PMID: 25614424] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Christopher B. Fordyce, MD, MSc; Christopher B. Granger, MDAffiliations: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA (C.B.F., C.B.G.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 September 2015. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 2015Volume 163, Issue 6Page: JC7KeywordsAcute coronary syndromeCoronary heart diseaseCoronary revascularizationHospitalizationsLow density lipoprotein cholesterolMyocardial infarctionRhabdomyolysisStatinsStrokeUnstable angina ePublished: 15 September 2015 Issue Published: 15 September 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Predictive role of MMP-2 genetic variants on severe hematologic toxicity of NSCLC patients treated with first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy
Authors: Xun Wang, Xueying Zhao, Wenting Wu, Zhiqiang Gao, Junjie Wu, David H. Garfield, Daru Lu, Chunxue Bai
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Purpose:  MMP-2  plays an important role in hematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. In this study, we investigated the association between  MMP-2  SNPs and the incidence of adverse hemtologic events in advanced NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.   Methods:  A retrospective pharmacogenetic association study was performed in 1004 Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC receiving platinum-based regimens (including NP, GP, TC, TP). Information about grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity (neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia) was available. 16 tag SNPs of  MMP-2  were assessed.   Results:  There were 6 SNPs significantly associated with risk of grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity in platinum-based treatment. The variant homozygotes of rs12934241 exhibited the most significant influence on the occurrence of severe neutropenia ( P =9.3×10 -5 ). In stratification analysis by chemotherapy regiments, we found the greates correlations in patients receiving cisplatin-gemcitabine: 7 polymorphisms were found be associated with severe neutropenia, especially rs12934241 (2.9% for C/C  v  66.7% for T/T;  P =4.9×10 -5 ). Consistent results were found in  MMP-2  haplotype analyses. In patients receiving cisplatin-navelbine, we also observed 6 SNPs significantly associated with grade 3 or 4 hemtologic toxicity. However, in cisplatin/carboplatin-paclitaxel treatment groups, no correlation with such toxicity was found.   Conclusions:  Our study, for the first time, provides evidence for the predictive role of  MMP-2  polymorphisms on severe chemotherapy-related hematologic toxicity variability among platinum-treated advanced NSCLC Chinese patients.
Prognostic Significance of Metastasis-Associated Protein S100A4 (Mts1) in Prostate Cancer Progression and Chemoprevention Regimens in an Autochthonous Mouse Model
Authors: Mohammad Saleem, Vaqar Mustafa Adhami, Nihal Ahmad, Sanjay Gupta, Hasan Mukhtar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

We recently showed that metastasis-promoting Mts1 gene (S100A4) and protein is overexpressed during progression of prostate cancer in humans. The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of S100A4 during autochthonous prostate cancer progression in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Because oral consumption of green tea polyphenols (GTP) has been shown to inhibit metastasis and prostate cancer in TRAMP, we further assessed the significance of S100A4 during chemoprevention regimen.Male TRAMP mice 8 weeks of age were equally divided into two groups. A freshly prepared 0.1% GTP solution in tap water was supplied thrice a week to experimental animals as the sole source of drinking fluid for 24 weeks, whereas the control group of animals received the same tap water throughout the experiment. The animals were sacrificed at 0, 8, 16, and 24 weeks of GTP feeding and were analyzed for S100A4 and E-cadherin. Additional untreated and treated nontransgenic controls were also included in the study.With the progression of age and prostate cancer growth in TRAMP mice, an increase in the expression of S100A4 at mRNA and protein level in dorsolateral prostate, but not in nontransgenic mice, occurred. GTP feeding to TRAMP mice resulted in marked inhibition of prostate cancer progression, which was associated with reduction of S100A4 and restoration of E-cadherin.S100A4 represents a promising marker for prostate cancer progression and could be employed as a biomarker in chemoprevention regimens.
Peritoneal membrane transport function in children receiving long-term dialysis.
Authors: B A Warady, S R Alexander, S Hossli, E Vonesh, D Geary, S Watkins, I B Salusky, E C Kohaut
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

Accurate characterization of peritoneal solute transport capacity in children has been hampered by a lack of standardized test mechanics and small patient numbers. A standardized peritoneal equilibration test was used to study 95 pediatric patients (mean age, 9.9 +/- 5.6 yr) receiving chronic peritoneal dialysis at 14 centers. Patients were divided into four age groups (< 1, 1 to 3, 4 to 11, 12 to 19 yr) for analysis. Each patient received a 4-h peritoneal equilibration test with an exchange volume of 1100 mL/m2 per body surface area. Dialysate to plasma (D/P) ratios for creatinine (C) and urea (U) and the ratio of dialysate glucose (G) to initial dialysate glucose concentration (D/D0) were determined. Mass transfer area coefficients (MTAC) were calculated for the three solutes and potassium (P). The mean (+/- SD) 4-h D/P ratios for C and U were 0.64 +/- 0.13 and 0.82 +/- 0.09, respectively. The mean 4-h D/D0 for G was 0.33 +/- 0.10. D/P and D/D0 ratio results were similar across age groups. Normalized (for body surface area) mean MTAC (+/- SD) values were as follows: C, 10.66 +/- 3.74; G, 12.93 +/- 5.02; U, 18.43 +/- 4.02; and P, 14.02 +/- 3.94. Whereas a comparison of the normalized MTAC values across age groups with an analysis of variance showed significant age group differences only for glucose (P = 0.001) and potassium (P = 0.036), analysis by quadratic regression demonstrated a nonlinear decrease with age for C (P = 0.016), G (P < 0.001), and P (P = 0.034). In summary, evaluation of D/P and D/D0 ratios obtained from a large group of children in a standardized manner reveals values that are similar across the pediatric age range and not unlike the results obtained in adults. In contrast, normalized MTAC values of young children are greater than the values of older children, possibly as a result of maturational changes in the peritoneal membrane or differences in the effective peritoneal membrane surface area.
Alkylation of Nucleic Acids of Rat Liver and Lung by Deuterated &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Nitrosodiethylamine &lt;italic&gt;In Vivo&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A. E. Ross, L. Keefer, W. Lijinsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The alkylation of nucleic acids of liver, lung, and intestine of the rat in vivo was studied with the use of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), labeled with both tritium and deuterium. 7-Ethylguanine was isolated from the nucleic acids of lung (not a target organ for DEN) and liver, but not from the intestine. The ethylation by DEN did not involve formation of diazoethane as intermediate. A small quantity of a second alkylated base, 7-methylguanine, in the rat liver RNA appeared to arise from a trace of methylethylnitrosamine in both the tritium-labeled DEN and the deuterium-labeled DEN.
Short-acting bronchodilator reversibility does not predict the response to long-term treatment by indacaterol 150 µg in COPD: REVERBREZ study
Authors: Pierre-Régis Burgel, Georges El Azzi, Vincent Le Gros, Gaëtan Deslée
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Despite not being stated in treatment guidelines, bronchodilator reversibility testing is commonly used in COPD patients to guide treatment decisions. This phase IV study evaluated the correlation between immediate reversibility to salbutamol, a short acting bronchodilator, and the response (clinical & functional) at 5 months to treatment with indacaterol (Onbrez® Breezhaler®, an inhaled long acting β2-agonist bronchodilator).Methods: At Visit (V)1, patients with stable moderate-to-severe COPD took a FEV1 reversibility test using salbutamol 400 µg according to which results they were split in 2 groups: Group R (reversible) with change from pre/post salbutamol in FEV1 ≥ 12% and ≥ 200 ml; Group NR (not reversible) with change in FEV1   Common adverse events were COPD worsening (13.4%), acute bronchitis (9.2%), dyspnea (4.6%) and cough (4.6%). Conclusion: Immediate salbutamol reversibility testing didn9t predict the efficacy of a longer term treatment with indacaterol.
Selection criteria for resection in hepatocellular carcinoma: Can we expand them?
Authors: Simona Onali, Francesco Figorilli, James O'Beirne
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Roayaie et al.1 regarding the surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the Bridge database. As reported by the authors, about two‐thirds of resected patients were not ideal candidates for surgery according to published guidelines; in particular, 37% had portal hypertension (PH), and 7% were Child‐Pugh B‐C. However, factors traditionally associated with poor outcome, such as PH and bilirubin >1 mg/dL, were not correlated with survival if taken separately. Therefore, the authors suggest that selection criteria might be safely expanded to include patients with moderately elevated bilirubin or PH, highlighting the importance of considering both PH and liver function when assessing patients for resection. We recently published the results of a well‐characterized cohort of HCC patients (n = 48) undergoing liver resection at our center between 2010 and 2014.2 Patients underwent a hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and indocyanine green clearance measurement as part of the protocol used to assess resectability. All subjects were Child‐Pugh A5 and had a performance status of 0. Median HVPG was 6 mm Hg (range 2‐15), and 11 (23%) patients had HVPG ≥10 mm Hg but preserved liver function, defined as indocyanine green retention at 15 minutes of <15%. Four (8%) had bilirubin >1 mg/dL. In line with Roayaie et al., we found no correlation between PH and survival. Moreover, we have also explored the role of the albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score, a newly developed HCC prognostic score in patients undergoing assessment for liver resection.3 In our cohort (n = 67) ALBI was the only factor significantly correlated with survival, independently of Child‐Pugh score and HVPG. Interestingly, of resected patients, only two (4%) were classified as ALBI 2, suggesting that ALBI 2 patients are unlikely to be considered suitable candidates for resection. In conclusion, we agree that current selection criteria for resection in HCC can be expanded to include patients with moderate PH, provided that an accurate assessment of liver function is performed. In this setting, indocyanine green clearance measurement appears to be a reliable method to evaluate liver function and ALBI score can identify patients who are unlikely to be suitable candidates for resection.
Evidence for Splenic Suppressor Cells in C3H/He, T-Cell-Deprived C3H/He, and Nude Mice Bearing a 3-Methylcholanthrene-Induced-Fibrosarcoma 2
Authors: Marie-France Poupon, Jean-Pierre Kolb, Geneviève Lespinats
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Suppressor cells were demonstrated in the spleens of C3H/He mice carrying 3-methylcholantrene-induced fibrosarcomas. These cells inhibited the in vitro reactivity of normal lymphocytes to T- and B-cell mitogens. They disappeared within a few days after the tumor was surgically removed. Pretreatment of spleen cells (ScC) from tumor-bearing (TB) mice with either iron and a nagnet, antiserum against Thy 1.2 antigen plus complement, or antiserum against immunoglobulin plus complement demonstrated that the suppressor cells were adherent, non-T-cells bearing immunoglobulin at their surfaces. The suppressive effect could still be demonstrated by addition of SpC from TB mice 24 or 48 hours after phytohemagglutinin stimulation of normal SpC, SpC from TB C3H/He mice inhibited mitogen-induced stimulation of both C3H/He and DBA/2 lymphocytes. In T-cell-deprived TB C3H/He mice, suppressor cells were also observed and had the same characteristics as those in non-T-cell-deprived mice. In nude mice, however, although suppressor cells were active, they were not adherent and did not bear immunoglobulin at their surfaces. The existence of these suppressor cells may be one reason why the immune system of TB animals is unable to reject the tumor.
Qualitative Medical Sociology: What are its Crowning Achievements?
Authors: J A Chard, R J Lilford, B V Court
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1997)

Doctors and epidemiologists seldom read or cite qualitative medical sociology; it is little published in medical journals. A large number of articles bewail this lack and provide arguments explaining and justifying the subject. Any examples used in such articles are selected ad hoc. We made a systematic search for the literature and used citation analysis to select the world's top 100 articles. We analysed this trawl and provide resumés of a selection from the 'classics'. Mental health and the organization of medicine are the themes within medical sociology with highest impact. Much highly cited work consists of historical and theoretical analysis done 'at the desk' rather than observation or interview 'in the field'. Citation rates, even for the most famous works in medical sociology, are a small fraction of those for high impact biomedical research.
Bronchial anthracosis-anthracofibrosis: Potential causes and clinical features
Authors: Elif Yilmazel Ucar, Omer Araz, Metin Akgun, Mehmet Meral, Leyla Saglam, Hasan Kaynar, Metin Gorguner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective: Anthracosis is black pigment discoloration of bronchi. It can cause anthracofibrosis by making bronchial destruction and deformity. In this study, we aimed to determine potential underlying causes of the patients with anthracosis-anthracofibrosis and their clinical features.  Material-Method: This is a retrospective cohort study. From January 2002 to December 2012, 109 patients, having bronchial anthracosis-anthracofibrosis confirmed by a bronchoscopy, included in this study. Potential causes and the clinical features were investigated through the analysis of medical records.  Results: There were 52 males (47.7%) and 57 females (52.3%), having a mean age of 67.8 (±9.8). We detected 60.6% of the patients had biomass exposure, 34.9% had smoking history and 4.5% had occupational exposure. In bronchoscopy, there were 34 patients with anthracosis and 75 patients with anthracofibrosis. The most effected localizations in bronchoscopy were right upper lobe (69.7%) and left upper lobe (67.9%). Cough (58.7%) and dyspnea (49.5%) were most common presenting symptoms, followed by chest pain (36.7%). In radiological evaluation, atelectasis (65.1%) and consolidation (55%) were most common findings. Associated diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 46.8% of patients, pneumonia in 24.8%, active tuberculosis in 18.3%, and malignancy in 10.1%.  Conclusions: Biomass exposure is the most important risk factor for the patients with bronchial anthracosis-anthracofibrosis. These patients should be evaluated and followed up in terms of various pulmonary diseases including COPD, pneumonia, tuberculosis and malignancy.
Effect of Colostomy on Intestinal Carcinogenesis by Methylazoxymethanol Acetate in Rats
Authors: N Matsubara, H Mori, I Hirono
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The effect of the fecal stream on the Induction of intestinal tumors was studied in 3 groups of SO rats. Rats In group 1 were subjected to single-barreled colostomies for the complete exclusion of the fecal stream at the proximal one-third level of the colons and were given consecutive iv injections of methylazoxymethanol acetate. Rats in group 2 were given methylazoxymethanol acetate alone. Rats in group 3 were not treated and served as controls. Tumors were noted in the small and large Intestines of almost all rats in both groups 1 and 2. Even animals with single-barreled colostomies frequently developed tumors in the colon distal to the colostomy where the mucosa did not have contact with the fecal stream. These results indicated that carcinogens could probably reach the intestinal mucosa via the vascular system as well as by biliary transport.
Non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (<scp>NOACs</scp>) in patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation and heart failure: a systemic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Qinmei Xiong, Yee Cheng Lau, Keitaro Senoo, Deirdre A. Lane, Kui Hong, Gregory Y.H. Lip
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2015)
Lung function in lung cancer – Room for improvement?
Authors: Maria Wing, Duncan Powrie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

COPD and lung cancer both have clear associations with cigarette smoking and frequently present late. The aim of the study was to identify whether newly diagnosed lung cancer patients had spirometry consistent with undiagnosed COPD or had COPD which was under treated.  The clinic and discharge letters of all patients diagnosed with lung cancer at Southend University Hospital in 2010 were reviewed for a previous diagnosis of COPD and their spirometry at the time of diagnosis. Of the 189 patients diagnosed with lung cancer in 2010, 136 (52.2% female) had documented spirometry at the time of diagnosis and were therefore included in the database. Of these, 43 patients (31.6%) had been previously diagnosed with COPD, and 90.7% of these were on appropriate treatment for their COPD. 59 patients (43.4%) had spirometry consistent with COPD but had not been diagnosed or treated for COPD; 11 (18.6%) mild COPD, 31 (52.5%) moderate COPD and 17 (28.8%) severe COPD.  Many patients with lung cancer have undiagnosed COPD. The high rate of undiagnosed COPD in this population is suggestive of either an unwillingness to attend primary care with their respiratory symptoms or the inability of primary care to diagnose COPD and other respiratory disease. Both may be associated with the late presentation in the UK of many patients with lung cancer. Earlier diagnosis and management of COPD might result in improved lung function and performance status thus allowing more aggressive management of lung cancer and also lead to a greater awareness of symptoms thus resulting in earlier presentation.
Essential Healthcare for People with Learning Disabilities: Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: J Hogg
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

The past 30 years have seen far-reaching and radical changes in our attitude towards people with learning disabilities and in the values that inform and guide the development of services for them and their carers. A growing emphasis on the provision of services in the community has led to the closure of long-stay hospitals and greater inclusion in the wider society. Successive governments have set out to create the conditions under which community care may be successfully developed. The delivery of health services as an essential part of community care has been placed firmly within this framework, as shown in the extension of the Health of the Nation strategy to people with learning disabilities1. Elsewhere, a comprehensive consensus statement on the development of a responsive framework for the healthcare of people with learning disabilities has been provided2.

As the Department of Health acknowledges3, however, ‘Significant problems were reported in the re-shaping and development of appropriate and accessible primary, specialist and continuing health care services, especially for people with complex or additional physical or mental health care needs’. This conclusion is confirmed in many statements from people with learning disabilities and their carers4. This paper is concerned with the reasons why access to and quality of primary healthcare services have posed such problems, with a focus on the role of the general practitioner (GP).