tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone for the Prophylaxis of Radiation-Induced Emesis: A National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Phase III Study
Authors: P. Kirkbride, A. Bezjak, J. Pater, B. Zee, M.J. Palmer, R. Wong, P. Cross, S. Gulavita, P. Blood, A. Sun, G. Dundas, P.K. Ganguly, J. Lim, A.D. Chowdhury, S.E. Kumar, A.R. Dar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of dexamethasone as a prophylactic antiemetic for patients receiving fractionated radiotherapy to the upper abdomen in a randomized controlled trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty-four patients planned to receive fractionated radiotherapy to fields involving the upper abdomen (minimum total dose, 20 Gy; minimum number of fractions, five) were randomized to receive prophylactic dexamethasone (2 mg orally three times a day [tid], starting in the morning of first treatment and continuing until after their fifth treatment) or placebo. The primary end point of the study was the proportion of patients free from emesis during the study period. Secondary end points included a quality-of-life assessment using the core questionnaire of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and side effects of dexamethasone therapy in this population of patients. RESULTS: Fifty-four (70%) out of 75 patients receiving dexamethasone had complete protection versus 37 (49%) out of 75 patients on placebo (P = .025). Most emetic episodes occurred during the initial phase of treatment. Although there was no difference in global quality of life between the two sets of patients, patients receiving dexamethasone had less nausea and vomiting and less loss of appetite but more insomnia. CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone 2 mg tid seems to be an effective prophylactic antiemetic in this situation. Side effects were acceptable, but there seemed to be no overall effect on global quality of life.
Occurrence of Mammary Tumors in Castrated Agent-Free Male Mice After Limited or Repeated Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol
Authors: Howard B. Andervont, Thelma B. Dunn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Castrated (BALB/c × C3H)F1 hybrid male mice received 20 percent diethylstilbestrol pellets when 2.5 months of age. Of 59 whose pellets were removed 16 weeks later, 1 (2%) developed mammary tumors. Of 60 whose pellets were removed 16 weeks later and that received second pellets 26 weeks after the first had been removed, 33 (55%) developed tumors. A second exogenous hormonal stimulation was essential before changes initiated by the first pellet could proceed to malignancy.
Carcinogen-Induced Tumors of the Thymus. II. Lung Colonies as a Means of Separating Different Cell Types of a Functional Thymoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Osias Stutman, Edmond J. Yunis, Robert A. Good
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Intravenous injection of low numbers of highly dispersed, single tumor-cell suspensions produced isolated lung colonies of tumor cells, probably clonal in nature. The lung colonies could be dissected and transplanted subcutaneously into secondary hosts, and different tumor “lines” could be obtained. When a functional strain A thymoma was studied by this technique, two types of colonies, composed mainly of round and spindle cells, were obtained. A series of those “cloned” tumors grafted into thymectomized hosts were not functional. (Thymoma function was indicated by the capacity to restore immunologic functions when the tumor was grafted into 15-day-old, neonatally thymectomized syngeneic hosts.) But mixed tumors, containing both round and spindle cell types, were functional. The presence of both cell types of the original tumor and close contact between the cell types are necessary for expression of the thymoma functional capacity.
Clinical MRSA isolates from skin and soft tissue infections show increased in vitro production of phenol soluble modulins
Authors: Nicholas R. Berlon, Robert Qi, Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel, Hwang-Soo Joo, Lawrence P. Park, Dennis George, Joshua T. Thaden, Julia A. Messina, Stacey A. Maskarinec, Manica Mueller-Premru, Eugene Athan, Pierre Tattevin, Juan M. Pericas, Christopher W. Woods, Michael Otto, Vance G. Fowler
Journal: Journal of Infection (2015)
Measles outbreak in Andalusia, Spain, January to August 2011
Authors: J M Mayoral Cortés, E Pérez Morilla, V Gallardo García, J M Navarro Marí, M Pérez Ruiz, R Hermosilla, J Díaz-Borrego, E Rodríguez Romero, J Ruiz Fernandez
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

On 7 January 2011, a six year-old child living in a Roma community near Seville, southern Spain, was hospitalised with measles. Contact tracing identified a probable index case with onset of symptoms on 20 December 2011 and several unreported cases among children under the age of 15 years in the same town. The outbreak initially spread in districts in the city of Seville with a high proportion of Roma residents, and later to other cities and towns in Andalusia. While some towns experienced wide spread of the disease with significant clusters of cases, most of the affected locations saw non-clustered cases or very few secondary cases. The outbreak resulted in 1,759 confirmed or probable cases of which 393 (19%) required hospitalisation. Measles virus of genotype D4 was diagnosed in more than half of the cases. Significant differences (p&lt;0.0001) by age group were found between clustered and non-clustered cases. The highest proportion of clustered cases occurred in the age group of 5-14 year-olds, while the highest proportion of non-clustered cases was seen in those older than 29 years. The last confirmed case related to this outbreak was reported on 20 August 2011.
Abstract 19685: Statins and Tinnitus: An Innovative Analysis
Authors: Beatrice A Golomb, Athena Hathaway Meskimen
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Some patients cite tinnitus as a statin adverse effect (AE), often attending acknowledged statin AEs, but trends to tinnitus benefit have also been reported. Oxidative stress promotes tinnitus. Since statins have both antioxidant and prooxidant effects, tinnitus effects might depend on which predominate. Prooxidant predominance has been linked to statin muscle/fatigue AEs. We therefore conjectured that change in tinnitus (αTinnitus) on statins but not placebo would significantly relate to change in a fatigue outcome (αFatigue) that statins affect. Method: In a 6 month double-blind placebo-controlled RCT, 1016 adults (median age 57) without diabetes or CVD (LDL 115-190mg/dL) were randomized equally to simvastatin (simva) 20mg, pravastatin (prava) 40mg, or placebo. We elicited change-in (α)Tinnitus from baseline, and summed self-rated α exertional fatigue with the inverse of α energy to produce “αFatigue.” Ordinal logit with robust SEs examined a) statin effect on αTinnitus, stratified at median age; and b) prediction of αTinnitus by αFatigue.Analyses stratified by randomization arm and adjusted for age and baseline tinnitus. Results: In the younger stratum (age &lt; median), prava (vs placebo) increased tinnitus (β(SE)=.94(.43)p=.028) with borderline increase on combined statins (β(SE)=.58(.31)p=.064). No effect was observed with simva or in the older stratum. However, for each statin group but not placebo, αTinnitus was significantly predicted by αFatigue (see Table 1). Discussion: αTinnitus on statins was significantly predicted by αFatigue on statins, which (other evidence suggests) may serve as a marker of prooxidant predominance. Findings were consistent across statin groups (p&lt;.05 for all), with no suggestion of a similar finding on placebo (p=0.9). These findings comport with a view by which bidirectional effects of statins on oxidative stress/energetics may contribute to variable and perhaps bidirectional effects on tinnitus.
Antidepressants in late pregnancy are linked to respiratory disorder in newborns, study finds
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Use of antidepressants in late pregnancy may be associated with a small increased risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), a US study involving more than three million women published in JAMA has found.1

PPHN is a rare but life threatening condition that occurs when a newborn’s circulation system does not adapt to breathing outside the womb. Around 10-20% of affected infants will not survive, and those who do face serious long term consequences, including chronic lung disease, seizures, and neurodevelopmental problems.

Researchers …
Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of human astrovirus in South Korea from 2002 to 2007
Authors: A.Y. Jeong, H.S. Jeong, M.Y. Jo, S.Y. Jung, M.S. Lee, J.S. Lee, Y.M. Jee, J.-H. Kim, D.-S. Cheon
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Sick euthyroid syndrome in severe COPD exacerbations
Authors: Begüm Ergan Arava, Recai Ergün
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

INTRODUCTION:  Decreased levels of serum thyroid hormones in severe medical conditions are known as sick euthyroid syndrome (SES). However, data on the rate of SES and its association with intensive care unit (ICU) outcome are limited. In this study, we wanted to evaluate the rate of SES and its association with the prognosis of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations.   METHODS:  All COPD patients admitted to ICU due to severe exacerbation were evaluated for SES between May 2011-January 2013. SES was defined as decreased level of serum free triiodothyronine (T3), where as severe SES was defined as decreased levels of both serum free T3 and free thyroxine (T4). Patients were evalauted for intubation rate, length of intubation, length of ICU stay and hospital mortality.   RESULTS:  The incidence of SES in the study population was 65.9% (n=29); among them, 20.7% (n=6) had severe form of SES. The intubation rate was higher in SES positive group (69% and 33%; p=0.03). Subgroup analysis of patients treated with noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) showed patients with SES had higher NIMV failure rate (60.9% and 23.1%; p=0.04). There was no statistical difference between the two groups for the length of intubation, the length of ICU stay and hospital mortality.   CONCLUSION:  In this study, SES was relatively common in patients with severe COPD exacerbation and the presence of SES might have effect on NIMV success. Further studies are needed to evaluate the significance of SES for ICU outcome in this patient population.
Cutaneous Lesions Due to Bites by Larval<i>Amblyomma americanum</i>Ticks
Authors: Jerome Goddard, J. Santos Portugal
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

tively.No significant difference was noted between the 2 types of pretreatment at the measurement performed at each time point with each technique (P > .24).Occlusion did not increase fluorescence in any of the conditions.Persistent channels were observed in reflectance confocal microscopy and high-density optical coherence tomography with ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser compared with the microneedle pretreatments.Transepidermal water loss was significantly higher with use of ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser compared with microneedles (P < .001),and both the laser and microneedles produced a level of transepidermal water loss higher than that of nonpretreated skin (both P < .001).Mild symptoms of pain were reported with microneedle pretreatment; moderate pain (severe for 1 patient) was reported with the laser pretreatment.No to slight signs of irritation were noted with the microneedle pretreatment, and moderate to severe signs of irritation were observed after laser pretreatment.Discussion | Ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser and microneedle pretreatment significantly and similarly enhanced the delivery of methylaminolevulinate into the skin, whereas occlusion did not induce a significant difference compared with the same conditions without occlusion.Although the differences were slight, this laser administration resulted in more transepidermal water loss and persistent channels observed on reflectance confocal microscopy and high-density optical coherence tomography compared with microneedle pretreatment.The pain associated with the use of microneedles was mainly absent or mild but was assessed as moderate to severe with use of the laser.These results bring useful information for improving photodynamic therapy and provide insights for enhancing drug penetration into the skin.
Epirubicin cardiotoxicity: a study of 135 patients with advanced breast cancer.
Authors: D Nielsen, J B Jensen, P Dombernowsky, O Munck, J Fogh, I Brynjolf, H Havsteen, M Hansen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

The cardiotoxicity of epirubicin (EPI) was evaluated clinically, radiologically, with ECG, and with multiple ECG-gated radionuclide determination of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during rest in 135 patients with advanced breast cancer. The EPI doses were 60 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks or 45 mg/m2 plus vindesine 3 mg/m2 on the same schedule. The median cumulative dose of EPI was 500 mg/m2 (range, 47 to 1,563). Eight of the 135 patients developed congestive heart failure (CHF). Of 67 patients treated with EPI less than 500 mg/m2, none developed CHF. Among 48 patients treated with doses between 500 and 1,000 mg/m2, one had CHF (2%; 95% confidence limits, 0.1 to 11.1). Among 20 patients who received EPI from 1,000 to 1,563 mg/m2, seven developed CHF (35%; 95% confidence limits, 15.4 to 59.2). Four patients died due to cardiotoxicity. The risk of EPI cardiotoxicity at the present schedule is considerable at doses above 1,000 mg/m2. At doses between 500 and 1,000 mg/m2 the risk of CHF decreases, and at doses below 500 mg/m2, it is negligible. For all patients, the prevalence of CHF was 6% and the sensitivity of LVEF high (95%), mainly due to the low incidence of CHF. Among the 20 patients who received EPI at more than 1,000 mg/m2, the prevalence of CHF was 35% and the sensitivity only 64%. The specificity was maximally 62%. Our results suggest that LVEF is of no value as a predictor for CHF.
Cutaneous Leiomyosarcoma in a Long-Eared Bat, Plecotus townsendii virginianus, Handley
Authors: Lyle G. Conrad, Grace M. Conrad, Clyde J. Dawe
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

A cutaneous leiomyosarcoma is described in a long-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii virginianus, Handley) taken from a cave in West Virginia. The etiology was not determined.
Hurdles to clinical translation of human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Evgenios Neofytou, Connor Galen O’Brien, Larry A. Couture, Joseph C. Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Human pluripotent stem cells are known to have the capacity to renew indefinitely, being intrinsically able to differentiate into many different cell types. These characteristics have generated tremendous enthusiasm about the potential applications of these cells in regenerative medicine. However, major challenges remain with the development and testing of novel experimental stem cell therapeutics in the field. In this Review, we focus on the nature of the preclinical challenges and discuss potential solutions that could help overcome them. Furthermore, we discuss the use of allogeneic versus autologous stem cell products, including a review of their respective advantages and disadvantages, major clinical requirements, quality standards, time lines, and costs of clinical grade development.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Kleopas A. Kleopa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

This issue provides a clinical overview of carpal tunnel syndrome, focusing on screening and prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self-Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing divisions and with the assistance of additional science writers and physician writers.
Retinoid Metabolism in the Skin
Authors: Thomas C. Roos, Frank K. Jugert, Hans F. Merk, David R. Bickers
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (1998)

Vitamin A (retinol) and its naturally occurring and synthetic derivatives, collectively referred to as retinoids, exert a wide variety of profound effects in embryogenesis, reproduction, vision, and regulation of inflammation, growth, and differentiation of normal and neoplastic cells in vertebrates
Significance of molecular marker-positive cells after autologous peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Authors: J E Hardingham, D Kotasek, R E Sage, L T Gooley, J X Mi, A Dobrovic, J E Norman, A E Bolton, B M Dale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

To evaluate the significance of molecular marker-positive cells in a cohort of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation (PBSCT).Twenty-eight PBSC transplants have been performed in 24 patients with poor-prognosis NHL. Molecular analysis of the t(14;18) (q32;q21) translocation (bcl-2/immunoglobulin [Ig] heavy-chain joining locus [JH] fusion) or antigen receptor gene rearrangements was performed to determine the presence of lymphoma cells at presentation, in PBSC harvests, and before and after autologous PBSCT. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival and Cox regression analyses were used to test the effect of bone marrow involvement, tumor-cell contamination of PBSCs, disease stage, and chemotherapy sensitivity at transplantation, and presence of marker-positive cells post-PBSCT on disease-free and overall survival.Thirteen of 24 patients (54%) are alive following PBSCT at a median follow-up time of 654 days (range, 193 to 1,908). Nine patients are in complete remission (CR) at day 216 to 1,799 (median, 805) and four are alive following relapse (day 440, 573, 1,188, and 1,908). Eleven patients (46%) have died: three of transplant-related complications at day 0, 1, and 13, and eight of recurrent disease (day 132 to 1,330; median, 451). Longitudinal marker studies post-PBSCT showed that of 16 relapse events, 13 (81%) were positive for the lymphoma marker at or before clinically documented relapse. Marker studies became negative post-PBSCT in nine of nine patients who entered and remained in CR. Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly shortened in patients in whom marker-positive cells were detected in serial samples posttransplantation (P = .006). Cox regression analysis showed that patients in this group had a 24 times higher risk of relapse (P = .03).The results show that the reappearance or persistence of marker-positive cells after autologous PBSCT is strongly associated with relapse.
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: the origin of the c.6527insC mutation in the Spanish population
Authors: C. Sanchez-Jimeno, N. Cuadrado-Corrales, E. Aller, M. García, M.J. Escámez, N. Illera, M.J. Trujillo-Tiebas, C. Ayuso, J.M. Millán, M. Del Río
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Marcela Del Rio. E‐mail: mrnechae@ing.uc3m.es Funding sources: this work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) (SAF2007‐61019 and SAF 2010‐16976), INTRA/08/714.1 and INTA/09/758 from the Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) and S2010/BMD‐2420 (CELLCAM) from Comunidad de Madrid. Conflicts of interest: none declared. C.S.J. and N.C.C. contributed equally to this work. Madam, Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB; OMIM #226600) is a rare congenital mechanobullous disease.1 To date, about 550 distinct mutations in the COL7A1 gene (OMIM *120120) have been identified as responsible for this pathology. Highly recurrent mutations are seldom associated with RDEB2 (http://www.deb‐central.org/). Interestingly, the most prevalent COL7A1 mutation causing RDEB in Spain, c.6527insC, exhibits an unusually high recurrence (46·3% of alleles) being prevalent among patients from the southern half of the Iberian peninsula.3 We have previously suggested a founder effect for c.6527insC as Spanish patients carrying this mutation share an intragenic ancestral haplotype (H5) of approximately 30 kb, which is present at a low frequency in the general, ethnically matched population.3, 4 In agreement, the c.6527insC mutation recurrence has also been recently disclosed in the RDEB population in Chile where waves of Spanish migration occurred at different historical periods.5 Notably, this mutation has also been found in isolated patients from France6 and Germany,7 two countries with a long history of mid‐20th century Spanish immigration.
Mir-31-3P is a Predictive Biomarker of Cetuximab Effects in a Post-Hoc Analysis in the New Epoc Study
Authors: P. Laurent-Puig, J.A. Bridgewater, J. Primrose, S. Pugh, G.J. Thomas, K. Moutasim, F. Rousseau, K. Fontaine, C. Vazart, V. Decaulne, A. Leclair, B. Genin, S. Imbeaud, F. Liebaert, B. Piasecka, R. Thiébaut
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Daily Hay Fever Forecast in The Netherlands
Authors: Frits Th. M. Spieksma
Journal: Allergy (1980)

The literature on local pollen counts and their significance for hay fever is reviewed and a system for forecasting hay fever is described. Such forecasts have been broadcast by radio in The Netherlands since 1977. The hay fever forecast takes the form of a prognosis (in terms of three grades) of the influence of the expected weather situation on tomorrow's course of the subjective complaints of hay fever sufferers. It is not a forecast of the pollen count. When the subjective complaints of about 150 hay fever patients were used as reference for evaluation, the forecasts proved to have been correct in 72, 85, and 88% of the cases in 1977, 1978, and 1979, respectively. The practical usefulness and the limitations of the system are briefly discussed, with emphasis on the principle that not the local pollen count but the weather should be taken as the main determinative factor for the expected subjective experiences in a group of hay fever sufferers in a certain region.