tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elastolytic activity of sputum and its relation to purulence and to lung function in patients with bronchiectasis.
Authors: R A Stockley, S L Hill, H M Morrison, C M Starkie
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Sputum samples from 34 patients with bronchiectasis were assessed subjectively and the results related to objective measurements of elastase activity and albumin content. The results suggest that the macroscopic appearance of the sample is related to the elastase content. 88.7% of the purulent samples but none of the mucoid samples showing elastase activity. The macroscopic appearance was also associated with changes in protein transudation into the secretions. The median sputum: serum albumin concentration ratio was 0.71 X 10(-2) (range 0.22-4.7) in the mucoid samples but was greater in purulent samples (p less than 0.005), with a median value of 1.52 X 10(-2) (range 0.55-12.72), suggesting that purulence in the stable state was associated with low grade pulmonary inflammation or epithelial damage or both. Abnormalities of air flow were found in 24 of the patients (70.6%) but there was a significantly higher ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (p less than 0.025) in patients who regularly produced purulent sputum (mean (SD) RV/TLC 44.4% (9.0%] than in those with mucoid or mucopurulent secretions (38.0% (9.9%]. A similar difference was found between those who produced elastase positive secretions and those who produced elastase negative ones.
Valve Replacement with the Ball-valve Prosthesis: Clinical and Hemodynamic Results.
Authors: Herbert E. Griswold
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Valve Replacement with the Ball-valve Prosthesis: Clinical and Hemodynamic Results.Herbert E. Griswold, M.D. (Associate), J. David Bristow, M.D., Albert Starr, M.D.Herbert E. Griswold, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, J. David Bristow, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Albert Starr, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-715_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSufficient time has elapsed to evaluate critically the clinical and hemodynamic results in patients who have undergone one or more valve replacements using the ball-valve developed by Dr. Albert Starr and Mr. Lowell Edwards in our Institution.Three groups of patients will be presented. Forty-eight patients have had isolated mitral valve replacement. Isolated aortic valve replacement has been performed in 49 patients. Fourteen patients have had multiple valvular surgery with one or more valves replaced by the ball-valve prosthesis.The pre- and postoperative hemodynamic data reveal improvement in valve gradient and response to exercise. Chest X rays usually show great... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Portland, Oregon PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 715-715KeywordsAortic valve replacementExerciseHemodynamicsMitral valve replacementSurgeryThoraxValve replacement Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A third of world's women have been sexually or physically abused by a partner, says WHO
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Violence against women is a “global health problem of epidemic proportions,” says a report from the World Health Organization.1

The study of the effects on health of violence against women found that 35% of women worldwide have experienced either physical or sexual violence at the hands of their partner. It also found that, globally, 7% of women have been sexually assaulted by someone other than their partner.

Women in South East Asia were most at risk of violence from a partner, with 38% of women there having experienced abuse, followed by 37% of women in WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean and Africa region. The Western Pacific region and Europe had the lowest prevalence, at around 25%.

Women in western Europe, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan were more likely to be sexually assaulted by someone other than …
Health-Related Searches on the Internet
Authors: G. Eysenbach
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
African doctors abroad need to work together to improve health care at home
Authors: Tessa Richards
Journal: BMJ (2006)

African healthcare professionals working abroad could play a pivotal role in improving health care in Africa if they pooled their knowledge and commitment and harnessed both to support the development of nationally led health programmes.

This was the key message that emerged from a two day conference held in London last week by AfricaRecruit.

The organisation was set up four years ago by the New Partnership for Africa's Development (a body which wants to eradicate poverty …
Rituximab efficacy and safety in adult splenectomy candidates with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura: results of a prospective multicenter phase 2 study
Authors: Bertrand Godeau, Raphael Porcher, Olivier Fain, François Lefrère, Pierre Fenaux, Stéphane Cheze, Anne Vekhoff, Marie-Paule Chauveheid, Jerôme Stirnemann, Lionel Galicier, Emmanuelle Bourgeois, Stéphanie Haiat, Bruno Varet, Michel Leporrier, Thomas Papo, Mehdi Khellaf, Marc Michel, Philippe Bierling
Journal: Blood (2008)
ACUTE ULCERATIVE ENDOCARDITIS—A BRIEF RESUME OF THE PATHOLOGY OF EIGHT CASES.Presented with specimens to the Illinois State Medical Society. May 17, 1893
Authors: LUDWIG HEKTOEN
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The following eight cases of malignant or acute ulcerative endocarditis, the heart lesion of each of which I have the honor to present to this society, occurred in the Cook County Hospital during the fifteen months ending April 1, 1893. I wish to extend my thanks to all the members of the staff through whose hands these cases have passed from time to time for their gracious permission to utilize the material in this way; individual mention of names would embarrass the necessary concentration aimed at in this report. These cases illustrate well the various forms of acute ulcerative endocarditis from an etiological, clinical, as well as anatomical standpoint and they particularly emphasize the difficulties so frequently encountered in the diagnosis of this affection. The cases are arranged in the following groups: I. One instance of primary endocarditis of a normal value. II. Two instances of acute ulceration developing upon
Understanding “Diastolic” Heart Failure
Authors: Margaret M. Redfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Heart failure is common and costly, and it primarily affects the elderly. As the elderly population expands, there will be marked increases in the number of persons with heart failure. Epidemiologic studies have established that 40 percent to 50 percent of patients with heart failure have a normal ejection fraction (≥50 percent) without primary valve disease, a clinical syndrome that is commonly referred to as "diastolic" heart failure. Despite great progress in our understanding of and therapeutic approach to heart failure associated with systolic dysfunction, or systolic heart failure, we are now realizing that basic research and clinical investigations have . . .
Skin Cancer Management: A Practical Approach
Authors: Christopher J. Miller
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Safety and Availability of Blood and Tissues — Progress and Challenges
Authors: Jesse L. Goodman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The availability of a safe blood supply is critical for both medical progress and national security. Safety has been increased by nucleic acid–amplification testing, as documented by Stramer et al. in this issue of the Journal.1 As health care providers, public health officials, and providers and users of donated blood and tissues we strive to improve the safety of the blood supply and to consider future threats, including threats to the safety of the donated tissue supply.Twenty years ago — with tragic consequences — up to 1 in 100 blood units in the United States transmitted the human . . .
Supporting parents in the neonatal unit
Authors: Peter W Fowlie, Hazel McHaffie
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Parents find it very stressful when their baby is admitted to the neonatal unit for any reason.Different sources of stress have been identified, and certain occasions (such as discharge from hospital or bereavement) are particularly difficult.These experiences impact on families in positive and negative ways, and people adopt a range of coping mechanisms.Staff should adopt a holistic approach to care that acknowledges the uniqueness of each family and supports them appropriately.
Determinants of mood in general practitioners.
Authors: H J Rankin, N M Serieys, C P Elliott-Binns
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A pilot study was conducted in which 44 general practitioners completed cognitive behavioural self monitoring diaries. Hourly changes in emotional state were recorded together with associated circumstances. Lowering of mood was associated mainly with "hassle" at work, pressure of time, and domestic dissatisfaction. Improvement in mood was associated with domestic happiness and satisfaction at working efficiently and to time. Mood was significantly lower when the doctor was on call. Women doctors were more prone to mood changes associated with domestic matters. Responses to a questionnaire suggested that the doctors preferred traditional clinical medicine to problems of a social or psychological origin. Managerial skills would help alleviate several of the problems identified in this study and should be more prominent in the training that all doctors receive.
FACTORS RELATING TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF PHYSICIANS
Authors: H. G. Weiskotten
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Approximately 30 years ago, soon after taking over the deanship of Syracuse University College of Medicine, I became interested in what became of the graduates of our schools after graduation. Beginning with the graduates of 1915,I initiated a study of every fifth class. Insofar as possible, studies were made for these classes of the location and nature of practice of the graduates of all the medical colleges of the United States and Canada six years after graduation. The studies were based on questionnaires sent to every physician. The results of studies of the graduates of 1915, 1920, 1925, and 1930 have been published as a series of reports in the<i>Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges</i>. Because of the impact of World Wat II on the physicians of the country, it was considered unwise to attempt in 1941 a study of the graduates of 1935 or in 1946
"The best places to die"
Authors: P. A Singer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Improving end of life care requires better population level data 

Although the oldest health statistics are based on death certificates, one of the weakest areas of health information is how we die. For example, in Canada 220 000 deaths occur each year. We know how many people died, and whether it was from cancer, heart disease, or other causes. But we have no idea how many of these people died in pain, hooked up to life support they didn't want, or alone. In the absence of systematic information and monitoring of end of life care and comparisons across health regions (or health care organisations) there is no possibility of learning what is possible (those regions with the highest ratings), nor of tracking whether improvements are occurring.

Twenty years ago, the challenge was to engage healthcare workers in the care of the dying. Ten years ago, the challenge was to engage healthcare organisations in quality improvement efforts on end of life care. Today, the challenge is to develop systematic and comprehensive information on the quality of end of life care at the population level.

Canada, like many countries, has a well developed health information structure—organisations such as Statistics Canada and the …
Periurethral or Perineal Bacteria in Urinary Tract Infections?-Reply
Authors: Calvin M. Kunin
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  I have long admired the work of Dr Stamey. His concept that colonization of the vaginal introitus with enteric bacteria as a major predisposing factor to UTI in females has generated much interest among workers in this field. The demonstration by Stamey and his group, as well as that of Bollgren and Winberg, that periurethral colonization by a specific strain precedes bacteriuric episodes caused by the same organism is well accepted and is strongly supported by our studies referred to in his letter. The issue that remains to be resolved is whether periurethral colonization with enteric bacteria is a unique characteristic of patients with UTIs. Several independent groups, but most notably O'Grady et al 1 and Cattell and associates, 2 have carefully examined rates of introital and periurethral carriage of enteric bacteria in women with and without previous UTIs and those with the urethral syndrome. They concluded, using
Azotaemia aggravated by tetracycline.
Authors: P A Forman
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Though the renin content of a kidney is stated to be reduced by denervation and steroids (as in kidney allotransplantation presumably) there appears (in a large proportion of rejection episodes) little interfer- ence with the mechanism which allows hypertensive states to be reached.So far as I can determine by experiment, the role of renin in renal failure remains an interesting speculation lacking direct evi- dence in its support.There is, however, some direct evidence against its primary involvement.
THE OCCURRENCE OF MORGAN'S BACILLUS IN CHRONIC DISCHARGING WOUNDS
Authors: H. E. Whittingham
Journal: BMJ (1919)

MARCHA 15, 19x9 each twenty-four lhours.Delirium usually sets in.mucl e.t-lier than in lobar pneuLmonia, but it is very rar6ly violent or maniacal, even in alcolholics, but is of a iuttering type, as in.typhioid.The pulse is by far the best guide as to progress in these cases.It fails in volume and increases in rate to ai remarkable degree, almost as soon as the patient becom-ies Ni.The rate rises to about 120, and in many cases tljat late was maintained almnost to the very end, witlh the pressure steadily fallina.The respiratory rate is nmore variable, ranging fromt 40 to 60, or hjighier.The breatlhing (liffers from that in pneutnonia.Tlle breatlhs are deeper, and are not cut slhort in tlle way co nmonly seen in lobar pneumonia.The principal differences from ordinary Pnieumonia observed on auscultation are that practically nto areas of complete absence of breath sounds are found, ai td(l the fact that all parts of botlh lungs are affected.Over thle sternum &nd inner margins of the lungs loud bronclhitic i;^mles are lheard, and further out, and towards both bases,
Managing chronic pain in children and adolescents: Procedural sedation should be considered
Authors: E. Barbi
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR–Eccleston and Malleson point out the “vacuum” of treatment for pain in children during the time required for diagnosis.1 This lack of attention to pain exists also for children with chronic disorders (such as inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis) that often require repeated painful procedures (colonoscopy, …
Rapid detection of six common Mediterranean and three non‐Mediterranean α‐thalassemia point mutations by reverse dot blot analysis
Authors: Enrica Foglietta, Ida Bianco, Aurelio Maggio, Antonino Giambona
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

We describe the implementation of reverse dot blot (RDB) hybridization as a rapid nonradioactive method for the identification of six frequent globin gene point mutations in the Mediterranean population: alpha(Hph)alpha: alpha2 IVS I donor site GGTGAGG --> GG-----; alpha(NcoI)alpha: alpha2 initiation codon ATG --> ACG; alpha(TSaudi)alpha: alpha2Poly A signal AATAA --> AATAAG; alpha(Icaria)alpha: alpha2 termination codon TAA --> AAA (Ter --> LYS); alpha(CS)alpha: alpha2 termination codon TAA --> CAA (Ter --> gly); alphaalpha(NcoI): alpha1 initiation codon ATG --> GTG; and three alpha2 globin gene point mutations found in immigrants in Italy: alpha(T-Quongsze)alpha: alpha2 codon 12 CTG --> CCG (Leu --> Pro); alpha(Seal Rock)alpha: alpha2 termination codon TAA --> GAA (TER --> GLU); and alpha(Koyadora)alpha: alpha2 termination codon TAA --> TCA (TER --> SER). The method uses the principle of allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) hybridization, but it is a nonradioactive method and permits rapid and simultaneous typing of point mutations and small deletions.
A Step Forward in the Treatment of Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Brian M. Wolpin, Robert J. Mayer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The term “biliary tract cancer” refers primarily to cancers that develop in the gallbladder and bile ducts, although periampullary tumors are often considered part of this group as well. Bile-duct tumors that develop within the liver and the distal biliary tree are referred to as intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, respectively. Periampullary tumors originate at the ampulla of Vater, near the distal common bile duct, duodenum, and head of the pancreas; the precise anatomical origin of these cancers often cannot be determined before operative resection.Among the new cases of biliary tract cancer that are diagnosed every year in the United . . .
Ian Alastair Hillary
Authors: Sue Cunningham
Journal: BMJ (2004)

General practitioner Derby (b Barnsley 1930; q Leeds University 1953), d 11 August 2004.

After his first job in Headingley, Leeds, Ian was called up to be a regimental medical officer at Catterick. He started in practice in Derby in 1960 and spent many years at the Wilson Street practice. He retired from that practice in 1992 but continued as a busy locum around the Derby area for another 10 years, reluctantly retiring in early July after a diagnosis of cancer. Ian followed his astronomical interests by seeing 10 total eclipses of the sun, which took him to many far flung and unusual places. He leaves a wife, Maggie; three children; and seven grandchildren.
Abstract 1210: A patient derived xenograft tumor model platform for “mouse trials”
Authors: Ying Yan, Tengfei Yu, Wei Du, Guosheng Tong, Yuefei Yang, Tingting Tan, Xuqin Yang, Zhenhua Liu, Jiali Gu, Liang Hua, Wei Zhang, Xin K. Ye, Zhenyu Gu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract From Chinese cancer patients, close to 600 patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models have been established (&amp;gt; P3, three passages in mice) at GenenDesign through serial passages in the immune-compromised nude mice. The major collection of GenenDesign PDX tumor model platform represents cancer types that are prevalent in Asian patients, including gastric cancer (&amp;gt; 200 models), esophageal cancer (&amp;gt;100 models), liver cancer (∼50 models), pancreatic cancer (&amp;gt;60 models) and lung cancer (&amp;gt; 80 models). Establishment of variant PDX models from the same patient tumor is on-going to support translational studies of tumor heterogeneity. Initial characterization indicates that the mouse PDX models have captured the major histopathological characteristics of the original human tumors. Reproducible growth curves for PDX models (&amp;gt;P3) support their usage in efficacy analysis of anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Response curves to SoC (standard of care) chemotherapies such as Paclitaxel for lung cancer, FOLFOX for gastric cancer and Sorafenib for liver cancer have been established in the PDX tumor models, providing a baseline for further investigation of novel therapies in a combination setting. On-going molecular characterization including oncogene mutational analysis and target specific IHC and FISH analysis has identified panels of PDX tumor models with aberrations in key oncogenic signaling pathways, including lung panels with EGFR overexpression or KRAS mutations, gastric panels with FGFR2 amplification or being HER2 positive, lung and gastric panels with cMET overexpression. Testing of Herceptin in the gastric HER2 positive tumor panel resulted in observations similar to that from the ToGA trial. At the same time, Herceptin resistant PDX tumor variants (de novo or acquired) were identified or established. The PDX tumor model panels facilitate translational studies in a “mouse trial” format in a setting similar to clinical trials to test patient stratification strategies and drug response predictive biomarkers for emerging therapeutic modalities. Citation Format: Ying Yan, Tengfei Yu, Wei Du, Guosheng Tong, Yuefei Yang, Tingting Tan, Xuqin Yang, Zhenhua Liu, Jiali Gu, Liang Hua, Wei Zhang, Xin K. Ye, Zhenyu Gu. A patient derived xenograft tumor model platform for “mouse trials”. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1210. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1210