tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of the Adult Thymus in Immunity and Lymphopoiesis
Authors: H A Azar
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human natural killer T cells acquire a memory-activated phenotype before birth
Authors: Hans J. J. van der Vliet, Nobusuke Nishi, Tanja D. de Gruijl, B. Mary E. von Blomberg, Alfons J. M. van den Eertwegh, Herbert M. Pinedo, Giuseppe Giaccone, Rik J. Scheper
Journal: Blood (2000)
Abstract 4214: Antitumoral effects of orexins and their receptors OX1R in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC)
Authors: Thierry Voisin, Daniela Speisky, Anne Couvelard, Alain Couvineau
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Orexins A and B were identified as hypothalamic ligands for two serpentine G protein-coupled receptors, OX1R and OX2R. Aberrant expression of OX1R was detected in colonic cancer cells and hepatic metastasis. Orexins induce apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines and in mice models, resulting in massive reduction of tumor cell growth. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) are highly malignant neoplasms with poor prognosis. Chemotherapy treatment shows a poor response rate. Our previous data suggested the expression of OX1R in 98% of tested PDAC. The aims of this study were 1) to investigate the presence of OX1R in human PDAC cell lines and to analyse orexin-A (OX-A) effects in relation to apoptosis and 2) to develop an in vivo heterotopic xenografted model from the cell lines expressing OX1R, for the study of tumor growth in response to OX-A. The expression of OX1R was studied at mRNA (RT-PCR), proteins (immunocytochemistry) and functional levels (number of viable cells after OX-A treatment), in 3 PDAC cell lines (AsPC-1, HPAF-II and SW 1990). The development of an animal model (heterotopic xenograft) from the cell line expressing OX1R, has allowed studying the effect of OX-A in tumor growth. Resected tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Only AsPC-1 cell line expresses OX1R. The treatment with OX-A promoted a 32% cell growth inhibition. OX-A injection in nude mice xenografted with AsPC-1 cells, has declined 49% of tumor progression in treated cases. This effect was dose-dependent and more important in weekly or twice-weekly treatments. All the tumors corresponded to poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas expressing OX1R. Induction of apoptosis was observed in OX-A treated tumors (activated caspase-3). To generalize further the role of OX1R in inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis, we considered HPAF-II cells expressing the recombinant hOX1R. Orexin-A strongly inhibited HPAF-II/OX1R cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, whereas no effect of orexins could be detected in the parental HPAF-II cell line. The role of OX1R in controlling apoptosis is directly demonstrated by the expression of recombinant OX1R in HPAF-II cells that confers the ability of orexins to promote apoptosis in this cell line. This work has demonstrated the antitumor and proapoptotic effect of orexins in PDAC, using in vitro and in vivo models. In this context, orexines receptors may establish a new therapeutic target in pancreatic antineoplastic therapies. Citation Format: Thierry Voisin, Daniela Speisky, Anne Couvelard, Alain Couvineau. Antitumoral effects of orexins and their receptors OX1R in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4214. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4214
Clinical Anatomy of the Normal Pulmonary Root Compared With That in Isolated Pulmonary Valvular Stenosis 11Drs. Anderson and Ho are supported by the British Heart Foundation, London and by the Joseph Levy Foundation, London. During this investigation, Dr. Stamm was a visiting fellow from the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Authors: Christof Stamm, Robert H Anderson, Siew Yen Ho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Natural History of Early Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jaime Pujadas Oláno
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings as treatment for myelodysplasia.
Authors: Jorge Sierra, Waleska S. Pérez, Ciril Rozman, Enric Carreras, John P. Klein, J. Douglas Rizzo, Stella M. Davies, Hillard M. Lazarus, Christopher N. Bredeson, David I. Marks, Carmen Canals, Marc A. Boogaerts, John Goldman, Richard E. Champlin, Armand Keating, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Theo M. de Witte, Mary M. Horowitz
Journal: Blood (2002)
In situ detection of virus- and tumor-specific T-cell immunity
Authors: John B.A.G. Haanen, Monique G.C.T. van Oijen, Felicia Tirion, Lauran C.J.M. Oomen, Ada M. Kruisbeek, Florry A. Vyth-Dreese, Ton N.M. Schumacher
Journal: Nature Medicine (2000)
Mechanism-based design of 2,3-benzodiazepine inhibitors for AMPA receptors
Authors: Li Niu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

2,3-Benzodiazepine (2,3-BDZ) compounds represent a group of structurally diverse, small-molecule antagonists of (R, S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Antagonists of AMPA receptors are drug candidates for potential treatment of a number of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). How to make better inhibitors, such as 2,3-BDZs, has been an enduring quest in drug discovery. Among a few available tools to address this specific question for making better 2,3-BDZs, perhaps the best one is to use mechanistic clues from studies of the existing antagonists to design and discover more selective and more potent antagonists. Here I review recent work in this area, and propose some ideas in the continuing effort of developing newer 2,3-BDZs for tighter control of AMPA receptor activities in vivo.
Newly appreciated roles for basophils in allergy and protective immunity
Authors: H. Karasuyama, K. Obata, T. Wada, Y. Tsujimura, K. Mukai
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: Karasuyama H, Obata K, Wada T, Tsujimura Y, Mukai K. Newly appreciated roles for basophils in allergy and protective immunity. Allergy 2011; 66: 1133–1141. Abstract Basophils are evolutionarily conserved in many animal species, in spite of the fact that they account for <1% of peripheral blood leukocyte. This suggests that basophils have an indispensable and nonredundant role in vivo, even though they show some phenotypic similarity with tissue-resident mast cells. However, their functional significance remained uncertain long after Paul Ehrlich discovered them as blood-circulating cells with basophilic granules more than 130 years ago. The study of basophils has been far behind that of mast cells, owing to the rarity of basophils and the paucity of tools for their detection and functional analysis. Recent development of novel analytical tools, including basophil-depleting antibodies and genetically engineered mice deficient only in basophils, has greatly advanced basophil research and illuminated previously unrecognized roles of basophils. We now appreciate that basophils and mast cells play distinct roles in immune responses. Basophils have crucial roles in the development of acute and chronic allergic responses, the protective immunity against ecto- and endoparasites, and the regulation of acquired immunity, including the augmentation of humoral memory responses and the initiation of Th2 responses. Thus, basophils are no longer the neglected minority and are key players in the immune system.
Abstract 16455: Retrospective Multicenter Analysis for Smart and Luminexx Nitinol Stent Implantation for Superficial Femoral Artery Lesion (REAL-SL) Registry: 5 Years Experience
Authors: Shin Okamoto, Osamu Iida, Masaaki Uematsu, Yoshimitsu Soga, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi, Keisuke Hirano, Toshiya Muramatsu, Msashi Fujita, Shinsuke Nanto, Seiki Nagata
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objectives: We compared the patency of two types of nitinol stents in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) lesions as long as 5 years. Background: Nitinol stents have shown superior long term paten...
Enhancement by 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 of Chemically Induced Transformation of BALB 3T3 Cells without Induction of Ornithine Decarboxylase or Activation of Protein Kinase C
Authors: Kiyoshi Sasaki, Kazuhiro Chida, Hiroki Hashiba, Nobuyuki Kamata, Etsuko Abe, Tatsuo Suda, Toshio Kuroki
Journal: Cancer Research (1986)

We reported previously that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], a hormonally active form of vitamin D3, markedly enhanced methylcholanthrene-induced transformation of BALB 3T3 A31-1-1 cells. When the cells were treated with methylcholanthrene (1 µg/ml) for 72 h and then with 1α,25(OH)2D3 (5 ng/ml) for 2 wk, the transformation frequency was 1.95 ± 0.73 (SD) foci/dish in 8 independent experiments, which was about 20 times that in cultures treated with methylcholanthrene only. Even at a physiological concentration in plasma, i.e. , 0.05 ng/ml, 1α,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the transformation frequency significantly ( P < 0.001). 1α,25(OH)2D3 was not cytotoxic but slightly inhibited growth of the cells. Cells treated with 1α,25(OH)2D3 were thin and became arranged in a meshwork with wide intercellular spaces. These morphological changes were reversible.

1α,25(OH)2D3 induced DNA synthesis in quiescent BALB 3T3 cells dose and time dependently, but this effect was less than that of 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Unlike 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, 1α,25(OH)2D3 did not interfere with the binding of epidermal growth factor or phorbol dibutyrate. 1α,25(OH)2D3 did not induce ornithine decarboxylase. Moreover, it did not activate protein kinase C in quiescent BALB 3T3 cells or this enzyme isolated from mouse brain.

BALB 3T3 cells and their transformants contain a specific cytosol receptor for 1α,25(OH)2D3, but the binding sites of the transformants were fewer and had lower affinity than those of untransformed BALB 3T3 cells.

These effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 were specific, because other derivatives of vitamin D3 induced the same effects only at 200 times or more higher concentrations.
Authors’ reply
Authors: Ian R Reid, Mark J Bolland, Gregory D Gamble, Andrew Grey
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Although it is reassuring that Lappe and Heaney did not observe an increase in vascular event rate in subjects randomised to calcium, the small number of events means that this finding should be interpreted with caution. These data will be an important addition to a future meta-analysis.

Other correspondents raise methodological issues. In our article vascular events were clearly specified in the original protocol for this study as secondary events, the hypothesis being one of benefit. Therefore, the originally specified data are those provided in table 2, which clearly show significant effects of calcium supplementation on the risk of myocardial infarction. The data in tables 3 and 4 provide further scrutiny of the primary data. There is still a statistically significant effect of calcium supplementation on vascular end points in the most conservative dataset, provided in table 4.

We were appropriately conservative in interpreting these data. In general, multiple statistical tests are not adjusted for when assessing adverse events to maximise sensitivity for such negative outcomes. Adjustment for multiple testing is even less appropriate in the current context because the adverse effects studied were pre-specified in the original protocol. The two groups in this study were well balanced with respect to cardiovascular risk factors, P values in table 1 ranging from 0.22 to 0.99. Previous use of hormone replacement was not different between treatment arms (calcium 8%, placebo 6%; P=0.13).

We have presented important, unexpected findings from the secondary analysis of a carefully conducted, randomised controlled trial. They do not definitively establish that calcium supplementation increases vascular events, but they mandate that this possibility is further investigated as a matter of urgency.
What amount of hair do women want?
Authors: R. Sinclair
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Dermatologists often find the treatment of hair loss frustrating. These frustrations arise in part from the lack of clear definitions of normal hair shedding and normal hair volume as well as the often unpredictable natural history of many hair loss conditions in the absence of treatment. Robbins et al.1 address some of these gaps in our knowledge in their investigation of hair fibre diameter and density in 1414 adult women of various ages. They demonstrated that hair density progressively decreases with age; however, up until the age of 40 this hair loss is compensated for by increased fibre diameter. This observation may explain why women present so commonly for treatment of hair loss around the time of the menopause. The other main source of frustration is the lack of a safe and highly effective treatment. In the absence of a magic tonic that makes hair grow, current management relies on an accurate diagnosis, a treatment selected from a limited armamentarium that is specific to that condition, and patient follow‐up to monitor therapeutic response.
TV: Turning off the television
Authors: M. E Bar-on
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Children and adolescents in the United States spend more time watching television than learning in the classroom. A recent television ratings report, from A C Nielson, found that the average child watches about three hours of television a day (21 hours a week), not including the time spent watching videos. In contrast, he or she usually spends only 38 minutes a week having what the company calls “meaningful conversations” with parents. 

The company calculates that by the time a child is 18 years old, he or she will have seen 16 000 murders on the screen. Other surveys have concluded that the average child will also see 14 000 sexual references …
Influenza A(H1N1)v in Germany: the first 10,000 cases
Authors: A Gilsdorf, G Poggensee, collective on behalf of the working group pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

The analysis of the first 10,000 cases of influenza A(H1N1)v in Germany confirms findings from other sources that the virus is currently mainly causing mild diseases, affecting mostly adolescents and young adults. Overall hospitalisation rate for influenza A(H1N1)v was low (7%). Only 3% of the cases had underlying conditions and pneumonia was rare (0.4%). Both reporting and testing requirements have been adapted recently, taking into consideration the additional information available on influenza A(H1N1)v infections.
Serum selenium levels and blood glutathione peroxidase activities in vitiligo
Authors: None Beazley, None Gaze, None Panske, None Panzig, None Schallreuter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

It has recently been shown that patients with vitiligo can accumulate epidermal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in association with low catalase levels. This study examined serum selenium levels and blood glutathione peroxidase activities in 61 patients and controls. The results showed high serum selenium levels in 56% of the patients. As at least one isoform of glutathione peroxidase requires selenium for its activity, enzyme activities were also evaluated. The overall results were not significantly different compared with controls, but further age-related analysis of the data indicated significantly lower activities in patients up to 46 years. As glutathione peroxidase can also efficiently degrade H2O2, the results of this study could indicate an additional impaired H2O2 metabolism in vitiligo.
Factors Influencing Metabolism and Toxicity of Metals: A Consensus Report
Authors: G.F. Nordberg, B.A. Fowler, L. Friberg, A. Jernelov, N. Nelson, M. Piscator, H.H. Sandstead
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The relationships between metals like lead, cadmium, and mercury and other factors that quantitatively and qualitatively modify their metabolism and toxicity are surveyed. Interactions are examined by scientists from a variety of fields covering biochemistry, ecology, epidemiology, nutrition, occupational health, and toxicology. Evidence of interactions among arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury, and between these elements and selenium, calcium, copper, zinc, and iron is considered. There is ample evidence from animal experiments that many interactions occur. The enhancing influence of marginal essential element intake on cadmium absorption and the deleterious effects of cadmium on essential metal metabolism may have public health implications in populations with borderline dietary status. The possibility of interaction between irritating substances, like tobacco smoke, and the toxicity of metals is discussed. (312 references)
Liver abscesses in adult patients with and without diabetes mellitus: an analysis of the clinical characteristics, features of the causative pathogens, outcomes and predictors of fatality: a report based on a large population, retrospective study in China
Authors: L.-T. Tian, K. Yao, X.-Y. Zhang, Z.-D. Zhang, Y.-J. Liang, D.-L. Yin, L. Lee, H.-C. Jiang, L.-X. Liu
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)

In China, there are four types of liver abscesses (LAs) that meet the clinical criteria. Pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs) and amoebic liver abscesses (ALAs) are two of the most common types of abscesses, followed by fungal liver abscesses (FLAs) and hydatid secondary liver abscesses (HsLAs). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with the development of PLAs. However, there is a lack of population-based studies that have evaluated the underlying relationship between LAs (mainly PLAs and FLAs) and DM. We conducted a retrospective study based on a large population to identify the potential differences and factors that affect the mortality of PLA patients in DM and non-DM groups. Our results revealed that the prevalence of DM is 44.3% (158/357) in PLA patients and 35.3% (18/51) in FLA patients. Compared with the non-DM patients, statistically significant differences were found in DM patients according to symptomatology, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, microbiological characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, clinical treatments and outcomes in relation to mortality. In addition, the status of antibiotic resistance to E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which were isolated from the patient samples, is severe in the area in which the study was conducted. Regarding the treatment of PLAs, our study indicated that broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy and drug combinations should be recommended and initiated before the pathogens are cultured and identified. In the clinic, therapies that combine percutaneous drainage with antibiotics and surgery with antibiotics are the two most useful strategies for treating an LA. These two combined treatments resulted in satisfactory cure rates. In the DM and non-DM groups, the cure rates for percutaneous drainage with antibiotics were 90.3% and 92.0%, respectively, and the cure rates for surgery with antibiotics were 93.9% and 95.2%, respectively.
The Management of AIDS Patients
Authors: David Miller, Jonathan Weber, John Green
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether 201TIretention in focal intracranial lesions can help distinguish central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma from toxoplasmosis and other nonmalignant CNS lesions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syn drome.Methods: Forty-nine patients who presented with focal lesions on CT and/or MRI had 201TIbrain SPECT studies (early and delayed image sets) performed shortly after admission.Early and delayed 201TIuptake ratios were obtained for the positive studies, and the retention index of thallium was calculated (delayed/early target-to-background mean count ratio).Results: Twenty-nine pa tients had foci of significantly increased 201TI uptake on the early Â¡magesin regions of corresponding CT/MRI lesions.Ten of these patients had biopsy-proven lymphomas.Another patient was found to have metastatic adenocarcinoma.Twelve additional patients had a response to radiation therapy or a clinical course consistent with lymphoma and six patients had a false-positive SPECT study.The early uptake ratio could not separate malignant from nonmalignant lesions.The 201TIretention index in patients with lymphomas (1.18 Â± 0.16) was significantly higher than the retention index in adenocar cinoma (0.24) and in the six nonmalignant lesions (0.62 Â±0.07).The lowest retention index in patients with lymphoma was 1.07, and the highest retention index in nonmalignant lesions was 0.70.Twenty patients showed no 201TIuptake in the regions of CT/MRI lesions.Three of them had biopsies consistent with a benign etiology, and one patient was diagnosed with tuberculosis.Fifteen patients im proved clinically on antitoxoplasmosis medications alone, and one patient had CNS lymphoma.The overall sensitivity of 201TI brain SPECT was 96%.The specificity was 76% by counting all studies with abnormal 201TI uptake, but it increased to 100% when the retention index was also considered.Conclusion: The retention index increases the specificity of 201TI brain SPECT in human immunodeficiency virus patients.In the presence of abnormal early 201TIuptake, it is essential to perform delayed imaging and calculate the retention index to distinguish nonmalignant lesions from lym phoma.The absence of 201TIuptake on early Â¡mages at the site of a CT/MRI abnormality excludes the diagnosis of lymphoma with a high degree of confidence and delayed imaging is unnecessary.