tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Notch receptor expression in adult human liver: A possible role in bile duct formation and hepatic neovascularization
Authors: Sarbjit S. Nijjar, Heather A. Crosby, Lorraine Wallace, Stefan G. Hubscher, Alastair J. Strain
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, used to regulate cell fate decisions. Four Notch receptors have been identified in man (Notch-1 to -4). In this study, semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the expression pattern of Notch receptor genes in whole adult human liver and isolated liver cell preparations. All 4 receptors were expressed in the adult liver, with no significant differences in the levels of Notch-1, -2, and -4 messenger RNA (mRNA) between normal and diseased liver. However, Notch-3 expression appeared to be increased in diseased tissue. The distribution of Notch-1 and -4 in normal tissue was similar, with Notch-1 also detectable at low levels in the sinusoidal endothelium. Notch-2 expression was more widely distributed, and detectable in hepatocytes, medium-sized bile ducts, and the sinusoidal endothelium. Notch-3 expression was seen on hepatocytes, with weaker expression detectable in portal veins, hepatic arteries, and the sinusoids. In normal liver tissue Notch-1, -2, and -3 were found to be coexpressed on bile duct epithelium; however, with the exception of Notch-3 in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) livers, expression was absent on proliferating ductules in all disease states examined. Interestingly, the expression of Notch-2 and -3 was associated with numerous small vessels within the portal tract septa of diseased tissue. The absence of Notch receptor expression on proliferating bile ductules and its presence on neovessels suggests that Notch signaling may be important for normal bile duct formation and the aberrant neovascularization seen in diseased liver tissue.
Tuberculosis Control
Authors: Carl W. Tempel
Journal: JAMA (1965)

During the Annual Meeting in June, 1963, the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association reported upon the seriousness of the tuberculosis problem in the United States and passed a resolution urging all of its members and affiliates to support present day efforts to control this disease. Specific emphasis was placed on assisting the School Health Association in its annual tuberculin testing program for school children.<sup>1</sup> In November, 1963, Surgeon General Luther L. Terry of the US Public Health Service announced the formation of a task force for stepping up nationwide tuberculosis control efforts. Commenting on this mission, he said: We cannot afford to be satisfied with the present rate of progress against tuberculosis. The number of active cases reported each year is declining too slowly. I feel that the time has come for us to re-examine many of our activities and apply more effectively the control measures
Some Medical Aspects of Human Climatology in the Equatorial Tropics
Authors: F. P. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1954)

Research Committee to examine the effects imposed on ships' companies by the climatic conditions which were prevalent in warships operating in warm climates.At that time it appeared inevitable that the defeat of Japan would be accomplished only by a series of amphibious and air operations which would keep an enormous fleet supported by a train of supply and repair ships constantly at sea for many months, or even years, in tropical or subtropical waters.The impact of the warm climate on these operations could not be forecast, and it was clearly of the utmost importance to know more about it.The essence of the problem
Particulate Matter, DNA Methylation in Nitric Oxide Synthase, and Childhood Respiratory Disease
Authors: Carrie V. Breton, Muhammad T. Salam, Xinhui Wang, Hyang-Min Byun, Kimberly D. Siegmund, Frank D. Gilliland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Air pollutants have been associated with childhood asthma and wheeze. Epigenetic regulation of nitric oxide synthase--the gene responsible for nitric oxide production--may be affected by air pollutants and contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma and wheeze.Our goal was to investigate the association between air pollutants, DNA methylation, and respiratory outcomes in children.Given residential address and buccal sample collection date, we estimated 7-day, 1-month, 6-month, and 1-year cumulative average PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 and ≤ 10 µm aerodynamic diameter, respectively) exposures for 940 participants in the Children's Health Study. Methylation of 12 CpG sites in three NOS (nitric oxide synthase) genes was measured using a bisulfite-polymerase chain reaction Pyrosequencing assay. Beta regression models were used to estimate associations between air pollutants, percent DNA methylation, and respiratory outcomes.A 5-µg/m³ increase in PM₂.₅ was associated with a 0.20% [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.32, -0.07] to 1.0% (95% CI: -1.61, -0.56) lower DNA methylation at NOS2A position 1, 0.06% (95% CI: -0.18, 0.06) to 0.58% (95% CI: -1.13, -0.02) lower methylation at position 2, and 0.34% (95% CI: -0.57, -0.11) to 0.89% (95% CI: -1.57, -0.21) lower methylation at position 3, depending on the length of exposure and CpG locus. One-year PM2.5 exposure was associated with 0.33% (95% CI: 0.01, 0.65) higher in average DNA methylation of 4 loci in the NOS2A CpG island. A 5-µg/m³ increase in 7-day and 1-year PM₂.₅ was associated with 0.6% (95% CI: 0.13, 0.99) and 2.8% (95% CI: 1.77, 3.75) higher NOS3 DNA methylation. No associations were observed for NOS1. PM₁₀ showed similar but weaker associations with DNA methylation in these genes.PM₂.₅ exposure was associated with percent DNA methylation of several CpG loci in NOS genes, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism through which these pollutants may alter production of nitric oxide.
Brain delivery of vasoactive intestinal peptide enhanced with the nanoparticles conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin following intranasal administration
Authors: Xiaoling Gao, Bingxian Wu, Qizhi Zhang, Jun Chen, Jianhua Zhu, Weiwei Zhang, Zhengxin Rong, Hongzhuan Chen, Xinguo Jiang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2007)
Inhibition of HERG potassium channels by cocaethylene: a metabolite of cocaine and ethanol
Authors: M O'Leary
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: To investigate the mechanism by which cocaethylene, a metabolite of cocaine and alcohol inhibits a cardiac delayed rectifier potassium channel. Methods: The cDNA of the HERG potassium channel that underlies IKr in humans was transiently expressed in tsA201 cells and currents recorded using the patch clamp technique. Results: The cocaethylene inhibition of HERG is concentration-dependent with an IC50 of 4.0 μM. The inhibition increases over the range of voltages where the channels activate suggesting that cocaethylene binding may be linked to the activation or opening of the channels. Cocaethylene slows the deactivation of the tail current indicating that drug-modified channels are stabilized in the open conformation. Cocaethylene also accelerates inactivation but has no effect of the recovery from inactivation. Conclusions: Cocaethylene inhibits HERG by binding to the activated or open channels and by modulating the kinetics of inactivation. The cocaethylene inhibition of the channels occurs within the range of concentrations detected in the plasma of humans following the ingestion of cocaine and alcohol and is likely to contribute to the potent cardiotoxicity of this drug combination.
Remote Contrast Injector in ERCP for Protection from X-Ray Exposure
Authors: I. Oi
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

To protect the assistants from radiation during ERCP, a remote contrast injector employing a lever mechanism (push-lever type) was developed. Using this remote injector, safe, finely controlled and easy injection of the contrast material was achieved without X-ray exposure to the assistants in ERCP.
Chronic diseases among the over 40s in China are set to double over the next 20 years
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The rate of the four leading causes of ill health in China—cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and lung cancer—will “double or even triple over the next two decades” in people aged over 40 years if effective prevention and control strategies are not implemented, warns a report from the World Bank.

The report says changes in the dietary patterns, unhealthy behaviours, pollution associated with urbanisation, and China’s ageing population are contributing to the increase in risk factors of non-communicable diseases.

In addition, about 200 million people in China are overweight or obese, it says, with prevalence …
65Zinc absorption in patients suffering from acrodermatitis enteropathica and in normal adults assessed by whole-body counting technique
Authors: KAARE WEISMANN, STEEN HOE, LONE KNUDSEN, SVEN SOLVSTEN SORENSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

65Zinc absorption was studied in five acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) patients and in eight normal adults by means of a whole-body counting assay. The absorption was calculated from retention values recorded in the time interval 8-30 days after oral administration of the isotope. Two AE patients (7 and 13 years old) had a low absorption, 3.3 and 1.8% respectively, corroborating their high need for additional elemental zinc (about 2 mg/kg/day). Three adult AE patients, all in their twenties, had a considerably lower need for extra zinc (about 0.2 mg/kg/day). Their zinc absorption ranged from 28 to 36% (mean 34%). In the controls the range was 27 - 65% (mean 43%). Turnover of retained 65Zn from day 8 - 30 was about 0.7% in the patient as well as in the control groups. Oral zinc therapy was withdrawn prior to the study. During the zinc-free period (3-7) a marked decrease in serum zinc and serum alkaline phosphatase values was noted in the two children with AE and they showed clinical evidence of zinc deficiency (angular stomatitis, scaling around finger nails, and irritability). None of the adult patients showed such evidence of impending zinc deficiency. One complained of exacerbation of facial acne, and another of pain in her feet. All symptoms disappeared promptly when oral zinc therapy was resumed.
Metastatic Melanoma in Pregnancy: Risk of Transplacental Metastases in the Infant
Authors: April Alexander, Wolfram E. Samlowski, Douglas Grossman, Carol S. Bruggers, Ronald M. Harris, John J. Zone, R. Dirk Noyes, Glen M. Bowen, Sancy A. Leachman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Although metastases to the fetus via the placenta are rare, melanoma is the most common culprit. When it occurs, maternally derived melanoma metastasis in the infant is almost invariably fatal.This article reviews current guidelines for placental evaluation in pregnant women with metastatic melanoma and presents surveillance recommendations for their infants. Comprehensive literature reviews were performed on melanoma in pregnancy and melanoma metastasis to the placenta and fetus. The use of interferon alfa in the pediatric population was also reviewed. A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE database (1966 to 2002) was performed. Articles were reviewed and additional references were obtained from the bibliographies. Translation of non-English articles was performed, and authors of previous publications were contacted.Eighty-seven patients with placental or fetal metastasis were identified. Twenty-seven occurrences were attributed to melanoma (31%). The fetus was affected in six of 27 melanoma patients (22%), with five of six infants dying of disease. The use of high-dose interferon alfa adjuvant therapy in pediatric patients has not been reported.The placentas of women with known or suspected metastatic melanoma should be carefully examined grossly and histologically by pathologists. With placental involvement, fetal risk of melanoma metastasis is approximately 22%. Neonates delivered with concomitant placental involvement should be considered a high-risk population. The risk-benefit ratio of adjuvant treatment for a potentially affected infant should be carefully weighed.
Longitudinal Analysis and Prognostic Effect of Cancer-Testis Antigen Expression in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Djordje Atanackovic, Tim Luetkens, York Hildebrandt, Julia Arfsten, Katrin Bartels, Christiane Horn, Tanja Stahl, Yanran Cao, Axel R. Zander, Carsten Bokemeyer, Nicolaus Kröger
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Reliable data on the persistence of tumor expression of cancer-testis (CT) antigens over time and consequent analyses of the effect of CT antigen expression on the clinical course of malignancies are crucial for their evaluation as diagnostic markers and immunotherapeutic targets. Experimental Design: Applying conventional reverse transcription-PCR, real-time PCR, and Western blot, we did the first longitudinal study of CT antigen expression in multiple myeloma analyzing 330 bone marrow samples from 129 patients for the expression of four CT antigens (MAGE-C1/CT7, MAGE-C2/CT10, MAGE-A3, and SSX-2). Results: CT antigens were frequently and surprisingly persistently expressed, indicating that down-regulation of these immunogenic targets does not represent a common tumor escape mechanism in myeloma. We observed strong correlations of CT antigen expression levels with the clinical course of myeloma patients as indicated by the number of bone marrow–residing plasma cells and peripheral paraprotein levels, suggesting a role for CT antigens as independent tumor markers. Investigating the prognostic value of CT antigen expression in myeloma patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, we found that expression of genes, such as MAGE-C1, represents an important indicator of early relapse and dramatically reduced survival. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CT antigens might promote the progression of multiple myeloma and especially MAGE-C1/CT7, which seems to play the role of a “gatekeeper” gene for other CT antigens, might characterize a more malignant phenotype. Importantly, our study also strongly supports the usefulness of CT antigens as diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as therapeutic targets in myeloma.
War Wounds of the Abdomen
Authors: Claude E. Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

Liver. The liver is frequently involved in abdominal wounds, and almost always in right thoracoabdominal wounds. Consequently, x-ray films often show shell fragments within the liver shadow. Since these foreign bodies are well tolerated and their removal difficult, they are usually left in situ. This led to rather conservative therapy of liver wounds early in the war. It soon became evident that a more radical technic was required and that adequate drainage was necessary to avoid bile peritonitis, bile empyema or subdiaphragmatic abscesses. Although Betts27 believes that a wound produced by a fragment 3 mm. or less in diameter, may . . .
Non-coronary percutaneous intervention
Authors: E. D Grech
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Non-coronary percutaneous intervention Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
J. Vernon Luck, Sr, MD
Authors: Amy Hetzner
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A randomized trial of combination hepatitis B therapy in HIV/HBV coinfected antiretroviral naïve individuals in Thailand
Authors: Gail V. Matthews, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Sharon R. Lewin, Janaki Amin, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Panusit Petcharapirat, Pip Marks, Joe Sasadeusz, David A. Cooper, Scott Bowden, Stephen Locarnini, Kiat Ruxrungtham, Gregory J. Dore
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with considerable liver disease morbidity and mortality. Emerging HIV epidemics in areas of high HBV endemicity such as Asia are expanding the population with HIV/HBV coinfection. Limited randomized trial data exist to support current guidelines for HBV combination therapy in HIV/HBV coinfection. The objective of this prospective randomized clinical trial was to compare the strategy of HBV monotherapy with lamivudine (LAM) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) versus HBV combination therapy with LAM/TDF in antiretroviral-naïve HIV/HBV-coinfected subjects in Thailand. Thirty-six HIV/HBV-coinfected subjects initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were randomized to either LAM (arm 1), TDF (arm 2), or LAM/TDF (arm 3) as HBV-active drugs within HAART. At week 48, time-weighted area under the curve analysis revealed that the median HBV DNA reduction from baseline was 4.07 log(10) c/mL in arm 1, 4.57 log(10) c/mL in arm 2, and 4.73 log(10) c/mL in arm 3 (P = 0.70). HBV DNA suppressed to <3 log(10) c/mL in 46% in arm 1, 92% in arm 2, and 91% in arm 3 (P = 0.013, intent-to-treat analysis). HBV-resistant changes were detected in two subjects, both in arm 1. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss was observed in 33% of HBeAg-positive subjects, and 8% experienced hepatitis B surface antigen loss. Hepatic flare was observed in 25% of subjects.LAM monotherapy resulted in a greater proportion of subjects with HBV DNA >3 log(10) c/mL at week 48 and in early resistance development. This study confirms current treatment guidelines that recommend a TDF-based regimen as the treatment of choice for HIV/HBV coinfection, but does not demonstrate any advantage of HBV combination therapy in this short-term setting.
Presumed consent to access medical records removed from NHS constitution after protests
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The UK government has quietly dropped a passage in the draft handbook to the NHS constitution that said that ministers had decided to give researchers the right to trawl medical records for research participants without the need for patients’ consent.

Organisations that are charged with safeguarding patient confidentiality had objected strongly to a section in the draft handbook that said, “Patients can . . . expect that a health professional or a research professional who owes the same duty of confidentiality as a health professional may use care records, in confidence, to identify whether they are suitable to participate in approved clinical trials. 

“Appropriate patients will be notified of opportunities to join in, and will be free to choose whether they wish to do so, …
The histone methyltransferase Ezh2 is a crucial epigenetic regulator of allogeneic T-cell responses mediating graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Shan He, Fang Xie, Yongnian Liu, Qing Tong, Kazuhiro Mochizuki, Philip E. Lapinski, Ram-Shankar Mani, Pavan Reddy, Izumi Mochizuki, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Shin Mineishi, Philip D. King, Yi Zhang
Journal: Blood (2013)
From the National Institutes of Health
Authors: E. Gordis
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
REPORT ON A GROUP OF FIFTY CHILDREN DICK-TESTED EIGHT YEARS AFTER IMMUNIZATION AGAINST SCARLET FEVER
Authors: H. G. Bull
Journal: JAMA (1933)

In the spring of 1925, stimulated by the encouraging reports of Drs. George and Gladys Dick, I sounded several parents among my private patients on the subject of immunizing their children against scarlet fever, and finding a most encouraging response from them I sent out to a selected group a form letter, stating how matters stood and expressing my willingness to undertake the work free of charge for those who wished to have it done. Nothing was guaranteed further than that it looked like a hopeful procedure which promised excellent results for the future. Through the generosity and the helpful cooperation of the department of health of New York City, material was obtained and 122 children between the ages of 3 and 15 years were tested. Of these, 101 gave positive reactions. This large proportion—nearly 83 per cent—seems excessive when compared with other reports, but on consideration of the nature
Effect of diabetes on metabolic coronary dilatation in the rat
Authors: W. DURANTE, F. A SUNAHARA, A. K SEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Journal Article Effect of diabetes on metabolic coronary dilatation in the rat Get access WILLIAM DURANTE, WILLIAM DURANTE From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr. A K Sen, Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, MS8 1A8. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FRED A SUNAHARA, FRED A SUNAHARA From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar AMAR K SEN AMAR K SEN From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 23, Issue 1, January 1989, Pages 40–45, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/23.1.40 Published: 01 January 1989 Article history Accepted: 27 July 1988 Published: 01 January 1989