tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: Raj Kumar, Julio Joison, David P. Gilmour, Farouk A. Molokhia, C. A. S. Pegg, William B. Hood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The hemodynamic effects of tachycardia induced by atrial pacing were investigated in left ventricular failure of acute and healing experimental myocardial infarction in 20 intact, conscious dogs. Myocardial infarction was produced by gradual inflation of a balloon cuff device implanted around the left anterior descending coronary artery 10-15 days prior to the study. 1 hr after acute myocardial infarction, atrial pacing at a rate of 180 beats/min decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 19 to 8 mm Hg and left atrial pressure from 17 to 12 mm Hg, without change in cardiac output. In the healing phase of myocardial infarction 1 wk later, atrial pacing decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 17 to 9 mm Hg and increased the cardiac output by 37%. This was accompanied by evidence of peripheral vasodilation. In two dogs with healing anterior wall myocardial infarction, left ventricular failure was enhanced by partial occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery. Both the dogs developed pulmonary edema. Pacing improved left ventricular performance and relieved pulmonary edema in both animals. In six animals propranolol was given after acute infarction, and left ventricular function deteriorated further. However the pacing-induced augmentation of cardiac function was unaltered and, hence, is not mediated by sympathetics.
About numbers as a semantic category
Authors: Marc Thioux, Eva Turconi, Emanuelle Palmers, Xavier Seron
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Humphreys &amp; Forde concentrate on the living/nonliving dissociation. However, further dissociations have been reported, including selective loss or preservation in recognizing body parts and numbers. This commentary outlines the relevance of the number category for understanding the organising principles of semantic memory.
Legalised suicide may increase openness in the doctor-patient relationship
Authors: G. Green
Journal: BMJ (1995)

perpetuated the myths of the distress of dying, in particular of dying from motor neurone disease.The Motor Neurone Disease Association has been encouraging discussion about the fears of dying and providing information about the care of patients as death approaches.Their Breathing Space Programme has provided leaflets for patients and professionals to facilitate discussion of these fears and the positive ways to alleviate these concerns.This discussion may lead to the provision of medication for use in an emergency, and the Breathing Space Kit can be provided to store this medication and to give details of its use for everyone involved in the patient's care.3Euthanasia is an issue that needs to be discussed openly, but a film like "Death on Request" may confuse and frighten, epecially when further information is not immediately available at the time of the broadcast.A round table discussion at 1 1 15, when many of the viewers will have switched off, is insufficient.
Aerobic Exercise in the Adjunctive Treatment of Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: D Veale, K Le Fevre, C Pantelis, V de Souza, A Mann, A Sargeant
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1992)

Two clinical trials have been conducted in a sample of depressed patients to determine whether the addition of an aerobic exercise programme to their usual treatment improved outcome after 12 weeks. In the first trial, an aerobic exercise group had a superior outcome compared with a control group in terms of trait anxiety and a standard psychiatric interview. A second trial was then conducted to compare an aerobic exercise programme with low intensity exercise. Both groups showed improvement but there were no significant differences between the groups. In neither trial was there any correlation between the extent of change in the subjects' physical fitness due to aerobic exercise and the extent of the improvement of psychiatric scores.
Abstract 1283: Autophagy in Cardiomyocyte is Essential for Maintenance of Cardiac Function and Response to External Stress
Authors: Atsuko Nakai, Kinya Otsu, Osamu Yamaguchi, Yoshiharu Higuchi, Shungo Hikoso, Toshihiro Takeda, Kazuhiko Nishida, Noboru Mizushima, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Gemcitabine plus cisplatin in patients with heavily pretreated advanced breast cancer with brain metastases.
Authors: V. A. Gorbunova, M. B. Bychkov, D. R. Naskhletashvili, G. E. Chmutin, V. B. Karahan, V. A. Aloshin, E. A. Moskvina
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1125 Background: Standards of chemotherapy for treatment of brain metastases is not available till present time. Purpose of this trial is to assess the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine (G) + cisplatin (C) in patients (pts) with heavily pretreated advanced breast cancer with progressive disease in the brain after I-III lines of chemotherapy and/or whole brain irradiation (WBI). Methods: Pts with brain metastases from advanced breast cancer whose disease had progressed on prior chemotherapy and/or WBI received G + C until disease progression. Pts received chemotherapy in the following regimen: G - 1,000 mg/m2 IV days 1, 8 with C - 50 mg/m2 IV days 1, 8 every 3 week. Between November 2006 and January 2010, 14 women were treated with G + C. Median age was 51 years (range 40-58). ECOG performance status was 1 in eleven pts and 2 in three pts. All had received prior I-III lines chemotherapy. 12 pts had received prior salvage radiotherapy to the brain. 1 patient had metastases limited to the brain and the remaining 13 also had extracranial metastases (EM). All pts were assessable for response. Results: 2 pts (14.3%) achieved complete response (CT/enhanced-contrast MRI) in the brain and 1 patient from 13 (7.7%) achieved complete response in the EM. 3 pts (21.4%) achieved a partial response in the brain and 3 pts (23.1%) achieved a partial response in the EM. 8 (57.1%) showed disease stabilization in the brain and 7 (53.8%) showed disease stabilization in the EM. Median time to progression of disease was 6 months. Median overall survival was 10.8 months. 1 year survival was 35.7% (5/14). A total of 62 cycles of G + C were delivered. The most common toxicities (% of cycles) were neutropenia (G1/2 44.3%, G3/G4 30.5%), anemia (G1/2 46.6%, G3/G4 27.7%), thrombocytopenia (G1/2 33.8%, G3/G4 19.3%), digestive toxicity (G1/2 53.6%, G3 19.4%). Conclusions: Our study suggests that G + C has pronounced high anticancer activity in heavily pretreated pts with brain metastases from breast cancer, with reasonable tolerability. Further investigation is warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 1543: Integration of True Three-Dimensional Scar Maps Simultaneously Displaying the Left Ventricular Anatomy (Derived from CT) and Left Ventricular Scar (Derived from PET) Into a Clinical Mapping System to Guide Ventricular Tachycardia Ablations
Authors: Timm Dickfeld, Jean Jeudy, Omer Aras, Vasken Dilsizian, Jun Dong, Chenyang Xu, Ronnie Abbo, Aharon Turgeman, Magdi Saba, Stephen Shorofsky
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Currently, image integration is only of limited use for substrate/scar-guided ablations of ischemic ventricular tachycardia (VT) as the clinical mapping systems allow only the integrati...
The neglected zoonoses—the case for integrated control and advocacy
Authors: S.C. Welburn, I. Beange, M.J. Ducrotoy, A.L. Okello
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)

<h2>Abstract</h2> The neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) have been all but eradicated in wealthier countries, but remain major causes of ill-health and mortality across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This neglect is, in part, a consequence of under-reporting, resulting in an underestimation of their global burden that downgrades their relevance to policy-makers and funding agencies. Increasing awareness about the causes of NZDs and how they can be prevented could reduce the incidence of many endemic zoonoses. Addressing NZDs by targeting the animal reservoir can deliver a double benefit, as enhanced animal health means a reduced risk of infection for humans, as well as improved livelihoods through increased animal productivity. Advocacy for NZD control is increasing, but with it comes a growing awareness that NZD control demands activities both in the short term and over a long period of time. Moreover, despite the promise of cheap, effective vaccines or other control tools, these endemic diseases will not be sustainably controlled in the near future without long-term financial commitment, particularly as disease incidence decreases and other health priorities take hold. NZD intervention costs can seem high when compared with the public health benefits alone, but these costs are easily outweighed when a full cross-sector analysis is carried out and monetary/non-monetary benefits—particularly regarding the livestock sector—are taken into account. Public–private partnerships have recently provided advocacy for human disease control, and could prove equally effective in addressing endemic zoonoses through harnessing social impact investments. Evidence of the disease burdens imposed on communities by the NZDs and demonstration of the cost-effectiveness of integrated control can strengthen the case for a One Health approach to endemic zoonotic disease control.
C5b-9 Complex of Complement Is Found in Subepithelial Deposits of Stage-i Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (imn), But Not of Stage-i Denovo Membranous Nephropathy (dnmn) and Toxic Induced Membranous Nephropathy (tmn)
Authors: Jean-Pierre Cosyns, M. Kazatchkine, N. Hinglais, J. Bariety
Journal: Kidney International (1984)
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 3–Deficient Dendritic Cells Modulate Splenic Responses to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Amandeep Bajwa, Liping Huang, Elvira Kurmaeva, Joseph C. Gigliotti, Hong Ye, Jacqueline Miller, Diane L. Rosin, Peter I. Lobo, Mark D. Okusa
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

The plasticity of dendritic cells (DCs) permits phenotypic modulation ex vivo by gene expression or pharmacologic agents, and these modified DCs can exert therapeutic immunosuppressive effects in vivo through direct interactions with T cells, either inducing T regulatory cells (T(REG)s) or causing anergy. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid and the natural ligand for five G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1, S1P2, S1P3, S1P4, and S1P5), and S1PR agonists reduce kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice. S1pr3(-/-)mice are protected from kidney IRI, because DCs do not mature. We tested the therapeutic advantage of S1pr3(-/-) bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (BMDC) transfers in kidney IRI. IRI produced a rise in plasma creatinine (PCr) levels in mice receiving no cells (NCs) and mice pretreated with wild-type (WT) BMDCs. However, S1pr3(-/-) BMDC-pretreated mice were protected from kidney IRI. S1pr3(-/-) BMDC-pretreated mice had significantly higher numbers of splenic T(REG)s compared with NC and WT BMDC-pretreated mice. S1pr3(-/-) BMDCs did not attenuate IRI in splenectomized, Rag-1(-/-), or CD11c(+) DC-depleted mice. Additionally, S1pr3(-/-) BMDC-dependent protection required CD169(+)marginal zone macrophages and the macrophage-derived chemokine CCL22 to increase splenic CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T(REG)s. Pretreatment with S1pr3(-/-) BMDCs also induced T(REG)-dependent protection against IRI in an allogeneic mouse model. In summary, adoptively transferred S1pr3(-/-) BMDCs prevent kidney IRI through interactions within the spleen and expansion of splenic CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T(REG)s. We conclude that genetically induced deficiency of S1pr3 in allogenic BMDCs could serve as a therapeutic approach to prevent IRI-induced AKI.
Molecular Cytogenetic Delineation of Deletions and Translocations Involving Chromosome Band 7q22 in Myeloid Leukemias
Authors: Konstanze Fischer, Stefan Fröhling, Stephen W. Scherer, Jill McAllister Brown, Claudia Scholl, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Lap-Chee Tsui, Peter Lichter, Hartmut Döhner
Journal: Blood (1997)
Phenotype-driven strategies for exome prioritization of human Mendelian disease genes
Authors: Damian Smedley, Peter N. Robinson
Journal: Genome Medicine (2015)

Abstract Whole exome sequencing has altered the way in which rare diseases are diagnosed and disease genes identified. Hundreds of novel disease-associated genes have been characterized by whole exome sequencing in the past five years, yet the identification of disease-causing mutations is often challenging because of the large number of rare variants that are being revealed. Gene prioritization aims to rank the most probable candidate genes towards the top of a list of potentially pathogenic variants. A promising new approach involves the computational comparison of the phenotypic abnormalities of the individual being investigated with those previously associated with human diseases or genetically modified model organisms. In this review, we compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of current phenotype-driven computational algorithms, including Phevor, Phen-Gen, eXtasy and two algorithms developed by our groups called PhenIX and Exomiser. Computational phenotype analysis can substantially improve the performance of exome analysis pipelines.
Another Report of Familial Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection—Reply
Authors: Kashish Goel, Marysia S. Tweet, Sharonne N. Hayes
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

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Effects of black carbon on respiratory health in the city of Barcelona
Authors: Aurelio Tobias, Angeliki Karanasiou, Cristina Reche, Fulvio Amato, Andres Alastuey, Xavier Querol
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Current air quality standards for particulate matter use the mass concentration with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM10). It has been suggested that particles from combustion sources are more relevant to human health than particles from other sources. Only few studies have assessed for adverse health effects of black carbon particles (BC) as an additional in air quality indicator in Europe.   Objective:  To investigate the short-term effects of BC daily mortality and hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases (ICD10: J00-J99) in the city of Barcelona, Spain.   Methods:  We collected daily mortality and hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases and daily 24h average levels of BC and PM (PM2.5 and PM10) between 2009 and 2011. We used a time-stratified case-crossover design with Poisson regression allowing for overdispersion. BC estimates are compared with those obtained with the usual indicators of PM mass.   Results:  An increase of an interquartile of 1.4 μg/m3 in BC increased risk of respiratory mortality by 10%. No effects were found for hospital admissions, but when looking at specific diseases BC increased risk of asthma admissions by 5%. Estimated effects were greater for BC than for PM2.5 and PM10. Multi-pollutant models showed that effect of the BC was more robust than effect of the PM mass.   Conclusions:  BC is a valuable additional air quality indicator to evaluate the health risks of air quality dominated by primary combustion particles.
Abstract 2099: AAV9-Wnt11 Gene Therapy Improves Cardiac Recovery After Myocardial Infarction by Modulating the Inflammatory Response
Authors: Koichi Kobayashi, Ekaterina Klyachko, Tina Thorne, Kentaro Jujo, Joern Tongers, Sol Misener, Douglas W Losordo
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Tumor necrosis factor-α confers cardioprotection through ectopic expression of keratins K8 and K18
Authors: Stamatis Papathanasiou, Steffen Rickelt, Maria Eugenia Soriano, Tobias G Schips, Harald J Maier, Constantinos H Davos, Aimilia Varela, Loukas Kaklamanis, Douglas L Mann, Yassemi Capetanaki
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Interpreting hazard ratios
Authors: Philip Sedgwick, Katherine Joekes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The impact of isoniazid prophylaxis on mortality and tuberculosis in children with HIV was investigated using a double blind placebo controlled trial. The intervention was isoniazid given with co-trimoxazole either daily or three times a week. Control treatment was placebo isoniazid given with co-trimoxazole. The setting was two tertiary healthcare centres in South Africa. Participants were children with HIV aged 8 weeks and older. In total, 277 children were recruited and randomised to the intervention (n=139) or control treatment (n=138).1 The primary outcomes included the length of time after randomisation until death from any cause and the length of time after randomisation until the occurrence of tuberculosis. The initial results of the trial were reported after participants had been followed for a maximum of 500 days (median 5.7 months) During follow-up, mortality was significantly lower in the isoniazid group than in the placebo group (8% (n=11) v 16% (n=21); hazard ratio 0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.22 to 0.95). Furthermore, the risk of tuberculosis was also significantly reduced in the isoniazid group (4% (n=5) v 10% (n=13); 0.28, 0.10 to 0.78). The researchers concluded that for children with HIV, isoniazid prophylaxis has an early survival benefit and reduces the risk of tuberculosis. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
INSULIN SHOCK TREATMENT
Authors: WILLIAM FURST
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

1. A case of acute pulmonary edema occurring during insulin hypoglycemic coma and ending in death five days later from pulmonary gangrene is presented. 2. The acute pulmonary edema may have resulted from: (a) Hyperadrenalinemia with left ventricular failure. (b) Disturbance of vasomotor control of the pulmonary vessels centrally or peripherally (neuropathic pulmonary edema). (c) The shock syndrome. 3. Pulmonary gangrene probably resulted from aspiration of infected material and a fulminating anaerobic infection superimposed upon a subclinical bronchiectasis. 4. Injections of adrenalin during the course of insulin shock therapy is probably inadvisable. 5. Bronchiectasis should be considered a contraindication to insulin shock therapy.
The Prognostic Value of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC)-Defined Bleeding Complications in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wouter J Kikkert, Nan van Geloven, Mariet H van der Laan, Marije M Vis, Jan Baan, Karel T Koch, Ron J Peters, Robbert J de Winter, Jan J Piek, Jan G P Tijssen, José P S Henriques
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 8437: Volumetric Studies of the Right Ventricle Using Anatomically Accurate Expandable Latex Models
Authors: Kya McAlister, Jill Panosian, Muhammad Ashraf, David J Sahn
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Right ventricular (RV) anatomy is far more complex than left ventricular anatomy due to its challenging three-dimensional shape. Recently, TomTec imaging has developed new software known as 4D RV-Function. It is the first software for 3D echo data. This program allows one to study and envisage RV function and RV anatomy. Methods: Clay molds were made from the RVs of 5 sheep hearts. Each mold was layered with liquid latex to form a sac of the right ventricle. A hole was cut at the top of each latex RV model and a tube placed within it for attaching to the pulsatile pump. 4D images were acquired using a GE Vivid I9 ultrasound system. The obtained 4D images were then entered into TomTec's 4D RV Function imaging program to execute the volumes. Results: At all steady states, there was a good correlation between the volumes from TomTec's 4D RV Function analysis program and the actual volumes that were emptied out of the heart at systole and diastole (R=0.93, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Volumes of different right ventricle models could be defined quite accurately using TomTec's 4D RV Function program. This will prove useful in the future because it will not only increase diagnostic confidence, but it will ultimately improve the management and treatment of patients with congenital heart disease, heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension.
Sequences of taxol and cisplatin: a phase I and pharmacologic study.
Authors: E K Rowinsky, M R Gilbert, W P McGuire, D A Noe, L B Grochow, A A Forastiere, D S Ettinger, B G Lubejko, B Clark, S E Sartorius
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Untreated and minimally pretreated solid tumor patients received alternating sequences of taxol and cisplatin. Sequential dose escalation of each agent using taxol doses of 110 or 135 mg/m2 and cisplatin doses of 50 or 75 mg/m2 resulted in four dosage permutations that induced grades 3 and 4 neutropenia in 72% to 84% and 50% to 53% of courses, respectively. Neutropenia was brief, and hospitalization for neutropenia and fever was required in 13% to 24% of courses. However, further escalation of taxol to 170 or 200 mg/m2 induced grade 4 neutropenia in 79% to 82% of courses. At the highest taxol-cisplatin dose level (200 mg/m2 to 75 mg/m2), the mean neutrophil count nadir was 98/microL, and hospitalization for neutropenia and fever was required in 64% of courses. The sequence of cisplatin before taxol, which has less antitumor activity in vitro, induced more profound neutropenia than the alternate sequence. Pharmacologic studies indicated that this difference was probably due to 25% lower taxol clearance rates when cisplatin preceded taxol. Although neurotoxicity was initially thought to be a potentially serious effect of the combination, mild to modest neurotoxicity occurred in only 27% of patients. Adverse effects also included myalgias, alopecia, vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia, and asymptomatic ventricular tachycardia. Objective responses were noted in melanoma, as well as non-small-cell lung, ovarian, breast, head and neck, colon, and pancreatic carcinomas. Based on these results, the sequence of taxol before cisplatin at doses of 135 and 75 mg/m2, respectively, is recommended for phase II/III trials, with escalation of taxol to 170 mg/m2 if treatment is well tolerated.
Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sandeep Vijan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

This issue provides a clinical overview of Type 2 Diabetes focusing on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, practice improvement, and patient information. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including ACP Smart Medicine and MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self-Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic from these primary sources in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing divisions and with the assistance of science writers and physician writers. Editorial consultants from ACP Smart Medicine and MKSAP provide expert review of the content. Readers who are interested in these primary resources for more detail can consult http://smartmedicine.acponline.org, http://mksap.acponline.org, and other resources referenced in each issue of In the Clinic.