tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Information and South Africa
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Before Christiaan Barnard's first transplantation of a human heart, in 1967, South Africa had not stood at the center of the world's medical stage. At least partly this reflects the isolated position of the country, far from the usual flights of passage of the migratory leaders of scientific medicine. But, in addition to heart transplantation, there have been other events in South Africa in recent months which deserve more than local attention.  In July, for example, the South African Medical Journal sponsored an international conference on an equally controversial subject. Organized chiefly through the energy of P. J. van Biljon, the editor of the journal, a Medical News Reporting Conference brought guest speakers to Pretoria from North America, Great Britain, and other parts of South Africa, both physicians and representatives of the news media, to discuss possibilities of mutual accommodation and cooperation between the two professions.  It is scarcely surprising
Economic crisis threatens to reverse progress made on child labour
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The number of child labourers worldwide fell by only 3% between 2004 and 2008 to 215 million, says a report by the International Labour Organization. Of these more than half (115 million) continue to be exposed to hazardous conditions.

The agency is concerned that the global economic crisis could further thwart progress and undo the gains made in the global campaign to stem the use of children in the labour market and on meeting the goal of eliminating the worst forms of such labour by 2016.

Juan Somavia, the agency’s director general, said, “The economic downturn cannot be an excuse for diminished ambition and inaction.

“Progress is uneven . . . New and large scale efforts are needed. The …
Abstract ES01-2: 53BP1 mediates productive and mutagenic DNA repair through distinct phosphoprotein interactions
Authors: A Nussenzweig, E Callen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The DNA damage response (DDR) protein 53BP1 protects DNA ends from excessive resection in G1, and thereby favors repair by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) as opposed to homologous recombination (HR). During S phase, BRCA1 antagonizes 53BP1 to promote HR. The pro-NHEJ and antirecombinase functions of 53BP1 are mediated in part by RIF1, the only known factor that requires 53BP1 phosphorylation for its recruitment to double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here, we show that a 53BP1 phosphomutant, 53BP1(8A), comprising alanine substitutions of the eight most N-terminal S/TQ phosphorylation sites, mimics 53BP1 deficiency by restoring genome stability in BRCA1-deficient cells yet behaves like wild-type 53BP1 with respect to immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR). 53BP1(8A) recruits RIF1 but fails to recruit the DDR protein PTIP to DSBs, and disruption of PTIP phenocopies 53BP1(8A). We conclude that 53BP1 promotes productive CSR and suppresses mutagenic DNA repair through distinct phosphodependent interactions with RIF1 and PTIP. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr ES01-2.
Teaching Mindfulness: A Practical Guide for Clinicians and Educators
Authors: Pat Fosarelli
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rats and infants as propositional reasoners: A plausible possibility?
Authors: Leyre Castro, Edward A. Wasserman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Mitchell et al. contemplate the possibility of rats being capable of propositional reasoning. We suggest that this is an unlikely and unsubstantiated possibility. Nonhuman animals and human infants do learn about the contingencies in the world; however, such learning seems not to be based on propositional reasoning, but on more elementary associative processes.
Human platelet microRNA-mRNA networks associated with age and gender revealed by integrated plateletomics
Authors: Lukas M. Simon, Leonard C. Edelstein, Srikanth Nagalla, Angela B. Woodley, Edward S. Chen, Xianguo Kong, Lin Ma, Paolo Fortina, Satya Kunapuli, Michael Holinstat, Steven E. McKenzie, Jing-fei Dong, Chad A. Shaw, Paul F. Bray
Journal: Blood (2014)
Elevations of Inflammatory and Procoagulant Biomarkers in Elderly Persons With Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Michael G. Shlipak, Linda F. Fried, Casey Crump, Anthony J. Bleyer, Teri A. Manolio, Russell P. Tracy, Curt D. Furberg, Bruce M. Psaty
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Renal insufficiency has been associated with cardiovascular disease events and mortality in several prospective studies, but the mechanisms for the elevated risk are not clear. Little is known about the association of renal insufficiency with inflammatory and procoagulant markers, which are potential mediators for the cardiovascular risk of kidney disease.The cross-sectional association of renal insufficiency with 8 inflammatory and procoagulant factors was evaluated using baseline data from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a population-based cohort study of 5888 subjects aged > or =65 years. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, factor VIIc, and factor VIIIc levels were measured in nearly all participants; interleukin-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, plasmin-antiplasmin complex, and D-dimer levels were measured in nearly half of participants. Renal insufficiency was defined as a serum creatinine level > or =1.3 mg/dL in women and > or =1.5 mg/dL in men. Multivariate linear regression was used to compare adjusted mean levels of each biomarker in persons with and without renal insufficiency after adjustment for other baseline characteristics. Renal insufficiency was present in 647 (11%) of Cardiovascular Health Study participants. After adjustment for baseline differences, levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin-6, factor VIIc, factor VIIIc, plasmin-antiplasmin complex, and D-dimer were significantly greater among persons with renal insufficiency (P<0.001). In participants with clinical, subclinical, and no cardiovascular disease at baseline, the positive associations of renal insufficiency with these inflammatory and procoagulant markers were similar.Renal insufficiency was independently associated with elevations in inflammatory and procoagulant biomarkers. These pathways may be important mediators leading to the increased cardiovascular risk of persons with kidney disease.
A theme issue by, for, and about Africa
Authors: David Beran, John S Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A theme issue by, for, and about Africa Results from Ugandan programme preventing maternal transmission of HIVEditor-Since the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs in preventing HIV transmission from mother to child was first shown, much effort has been devoted in many countries in Africa to implement sustainable regimens. [1]2][3][4] To identify potential reasons affecting uptake we evaluated the five year performance of a programme at St Francis Hospital Nsambya in Kampala, Uganda.The programme included voluntary counselling and confidential HIV testing for pregnant women and administration of antiretroviral prophylaxis in the peripartum period (zidovudine or nevirapine) for HIV positive women.Overall 24 133 women received counselling, 76% (18 384) agreed to be tested, and 2011 (10.9%) were HIV positive; 1341 (66.7% of the HIV positive women) were enrolled in the programme and received antiretroviral drugs.Acceptance of the test increased from 72.7% (9103/12 524) in 2000-2 to 79.9% (9281/11 609) in 2003-4, when a drug access programme became available in the hospital.Acceptance of the test and enrolment in the programme were lower in married or cohabitating women (test acceptance rate 72.9% (7735/10 605)) than single women (78% (860/1106)), indicating that the fear of being identified as HIV positive in the family is still a strong limiting factor and that men could have an important role.Acceptance of the test was lower in women belonging to the local tribe in Kampala (Baganda), probably because of fear of being recognised by hospital health workers.Higher education was associated with a lower prevalence of HIV and a higher enrolment in the programme, confirming that education can have a key role not only in protecting against HIV but also in allowing HIV positive people to benefit from existing measures against the spread of HIV.
THE VALUE OF REST IN CASES OF EMPYEMA AND LUNG ABSCESS
Authors: J. S. PRITCHARD
Journal: JAMA (1922)

In acute pulmonary tuberculosis and in certain derangements of the nervous system, it is generally admitted that the rest regimen is a success. This treatment requires complete relaxation, both mental and physical, and any influence which causes increase in the cardiac effort constitutes exercise and is the antithesis of rest. In order to secure the maximum amount of rest, something more than being confined to bed is required. Apprehension, worry and mental depression act as physical stimulants, while emotions caused by noise, anger and arguments upset the vasomotor equilibrium and defeat efforts employed to obtain this form of treatment. The patient should therefore be freed from all responsibility, quietness assured, and a pleasant, cheerful and optimistic environment established.  When dealing with a severe infection, such as the acute stage of empyema, rest is imperative. Following the active phase, the inflammatory process in the pleura becomes localized, a pyogenic membrane forms,
Can mite‐specific IgE be used as a surrogate for mite exposure?
Authors: S. De Lovinfosse, D. Charpin, A. Dornelas, J. Birnbaum, D. Vervloet
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Several epidemiologic studies suggest that in mite-sensitive patients symptoms are dependent upon mite-exposure level. However, in clinical practice, it si not easy to measure major mite allergens. In contrast, assay of specific IgE antibodies can be done routinely. Thus, we wanted to compare, in a group of 40 mite-sensitive patients, the levels of mite-specific IgE (measured by RAST grade 0-6) and the level of mite group I allergen in mattresses (measured in micrograms/g house dust). The correlation coefficient between both variables was highly significant (P = 0.001). Subjects with a RAST grade of 3 or more had a 77% probability of being exposed to high (i.e., > 10 micrograms/g dust) mite allergen level. In contrast, subjects with RAST grades 0, 1, or 2 had a 77% probability of not being exposed to such high levels. Thus, measurement of serum mite-specific IgE level could be used in routine prediction of mite exposure.
Serological Studies on Adult Volunteers Inoculated with Oil-adjuvant Asian Influenza Vaccine
Authors: D. Hobson, C. A. Lane, A. S. Beare, C. P. Chivers
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Oil-adjuvant Influenza Vaccines B<rIH 271 volunteers, especially those who gave blood specimens, without whom the investigation would not have been possible.
[59] SUBSTANTIAL LOSS OF INTRAHEPATIC HBV cecDNA DURING ANTIVIRAL COMBINATION THERAPY TRANSLATES INTO LONG-TERM CLINICAL BENEFIT
Authors: M. Lutgehelmann, K. Wursthorn, M. Dandri, T. Volz, M. Zankel, C. Fischer, C. Brosgart, J. Petersen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
p38 Inhibition ameliorates skin and skull abnormalities in Fgfr2 Beare-Stevenson mice
Authors: Yingli Wang, Xueyan Zhou, Kurun Oberoi, Robert Phelps, Ross Couwenhoven, Miao Sun, Amélie Rezza, Greg Holmes, Christopher J. Percival, Jenna Friedenthal, Pavel Krejci, Joan T. Richtsmeier, David L. Huso, Michael Rendl, Ethylin Wang Jabs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome (BSS) is a human genetic disorder characterized by skin and skull abnormalities. BSS is caused by mutations in the FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2), but the molecular mechanisms that induce skin and skull abnormalities are unclear. We developed a mouse model of BSS harboring a FGFR2 Y394C mutation and identified p38 MAPK as an important signaling pathway mediating these abnormalities. Fgfr2+/Y394C mice exhibited epidermal hyperplasia and premature closure of cranial sutures (craniosynostosis) due to abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation. We found ligand-independent phosphorylation of FGFR2 and activation of p38 signaling in mutant skin and calvarial tissues. Treating Fgfr2+/Y394C mice with a p38 kinase inhibitor attenuated skin abnormalities by reversing cell proliferation and differentiation to near normal levels. This study reveals the pleiotropic effects of the FGFR2 Y394C mutation evidenced by cutis gyrata, acanthosis nigricans, and craniosynostosis and provides a useful model for investigating the molecular mechanisms of skin and skull development. The demonstration of a pathogenic role for p38 activation may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies for BSS and related conditions, such as acanthosis nigricans or craniosynostosis.
Association Between a Medical School Admission Process Using the Multiple Mini-interview and National Licensing Examination Scores
Authors: Kevin W. Eva, Harold I. Reiter, Jack Rosenfeld, Kien Trinh, Timothy J. Wood, Geoffrey R. Norman
Journal: JAMA (2012)

There has been difficulty designing medical school admissions processes that provide valid measurement of candidates' nonacademic qualities.To determine whether students deemed acceptable through a revised admissions protocol using a 12-station multiple mini-interview (MMI) outperform others on the 2 parts of the Canadian national licensing examinations (Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination [MCCQE]). The MMI process requires candidates to rotate through brief sequential interviews with structured tasks and independent assessment within each interview.Cohort study comparing potential medical students who were interviewed at McMaster University using an MMI in 2004 or 2005 and accepted (whether or not they matriculated at McMaster) with those who were interviewed and rejected but gained entry elsewhere. The computer-based MCCQE part I (aimed at assessing medical knowledge and clinical decision making) can be taken on graduation from medical school; MCCQE part II (involving simulated patient interactions testing various aspects of practice) is based on the objective structured clinical examination and typically completed 16 months into postgraduate training. Interviews were granted to 1071 candidates, and those who gained entry could feasibly complete both parts of their licensure examination between May 2007 and March 2011. Scores could be matched on the examinations for 751 (part I) and 623 (part II) interviewees.Admissions decisions were made by combining z score transformations of scores assigned to autobiographical essays, grade point average, and MMI performance. Academic and nonacademic measures contributed equally to the final ranking.Scores on MCCQE part I (standardized cut-score, 390 [SD, 100]) and part II (standardized mean, 500 [SD, 100]).Candidates accepted by the admissions process had higher scores than those who were rejected for part I (mean total score, 531 [95% CI, 524-537] vs 515 [95% CI, 507-522]; P = .003) and for part II (mean total score, 563 [95% CI, 556-570] vs 544 [95% CI, 534-554]; P = .007). Among the accepted group, those who matriculated at McMaster did not outperform those who matriculated elsewhere for part I (mean total score, 524 [95% CI, 515-533] vs 546 [95% CI, 535-557]; P = .004) and for part II (mean total score, 557 [95% CI, 548-566] vs 582 [95% CI, 569-594]; P = .003).Compared with students who were rejected by an admission process that used MMI assessment, students who were accepted scored higher on Canadian national licensing examinations.
Points: Learning medicine
Authors: C B Spurgin
Journal: BMJ (1983)

503diagnosis and several more had raised blood pressure on admission to hospital.'In our series a low blood pressure or low pulse pressure was unusual, even in cases of severe aortic stenosis, although the pulse waveform was almost always abnormal.We believe that the coexistence of aortic stenosis and hyper- tension ismore than chance and it may be that raised systemic pressure accelerates wear of the aortic valve, especially if it is congenitally bicuspid.
Penicillamine in Rheumatoid Disease: A Long-term Study
Authors: A. T. Day, J. R. Golding, P. N. Lee, A. D. Butterworth
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Eighty-five patients with rheumatoid disease were treated with penicillamine, and 69 completed more than one year9s treatment. The main reason for discontinuing penicillamine in the 16 patients who withdrew was adverse reaction. The number of adverse reactions, however, declined when patients were given lower maintenance doses of penicillamine. In those who tolerated the drug the results of treatment were good. To prevent side effects the drug should be introduced gradually and maintenance doses should be the lowest which produce a satisfactory response. Urine should be monitored for protein and blood for changes in platelet and white cell counts at frequent intervals throughout treatment.
A subpopulation of nociceptors specifically linked to itch
Authors: Liang Han, Chao Ma, Qin Liu, Hao-Jui Weng, Yiyuan Cui, Zongxiang Tang, Yushin Kim, Hong Nie, Lintao Qu, Kush N Patel, Zhe Li, Benjamin McNeil, Shaoqiu He, Yun Guan, Bo Xiao, Robert H LaMotte, Xinzhong Dong
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2012)
The Stanford experience with high-dose etoposide cytoreductive regimens and autologous bone marrow transplantation in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Preliminary data
Authors: Sandra J. Horning, Nelson J. Chao, Robert S. Negrin, Richard T. Hoppe, Larry W. Kwak, Gwynn D. Long, Barbara Stallbaum, Paula O'Connor, Karl G. Blume
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1991)

Seventy-seven Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients received high-dose etoposide in combination with cyclophosphamide and either fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) (n = 28) or carmustine (n = 49) prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation. Marrow from NHL patients was purged in vitro with a panel of monoclonal B- and T-cell antibodies and complement. Six toxic deaths (8%) occurred, all in patients who received carmustine. With a median follow-up of 1 year, 57 patients are alive and free from progressive disease. The 1-year actuarial survival and freedom from progression are 85 and 73% in fractionated TBI/etoposide/cyclophosphamide-treated patients and 79 and 72% in carmustine/etoposide/cyclophosphamide-treated patients. Forty-five of these patients participated in prospective trials for which eligibility criteria were (1) less than 25% curability with conventional therapy; (2) achievement of minimal disease state with conventional therapy; and (3) transplantation early in the course of disease. One-year actuarial survival for 18 patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease is 80% and for 21 relapsed intermediate and high-grade NHL patients, 70%. One NHL Burkitt's patient was transplanted on a protocol for high-risk intermediate and high-grade NHL in first remission. Five patients with follicular mixed or small cleaved NHL were also transplanted in first remission.
Delivery System Reform
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Double-blind trial of four hypotensive drugs (methyldopa and three sympatholytic agents).
Authors: V. Vejlsgaard, M. Christensen, E. Clausen
Journal: BMJ (1967)

In general, drug treatment of hypertension is started with a diuretic.If such therapy is not successful another hypotensive drug is added, either a specific sympatholytic agent or methyl- dopa.In order to be as objective as possible regarding which of these methods of treatment is the best a double-blind trial was carried out; this included two of the known hypotensive drugs, guan- ethidine (Ismelin) and methyldopa (Aldomet), and two new drugs, guanoxan (Envacar) and guanoclor (Vatensol).
Anaphylactic reaction to aprotinin despite negative ocular sensitivity tests.
Authors: G A LaFerla, W R Murray
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A man with a history of pancreatitis was given aprotinin intravenously just before endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. Despite negative sensitivity tests with aprotinin eye drops he developed a profound anaphylactic reaction on intravenous administration of the drug. Ocular sensitivity tests may not predict severe anaphylactic reactions to intravenous aprotinin.
Severe acute pancreatitis following endoscopic biopsy of the minor duodenal papilla
Authors: R. Gincul, M. Ciocirlan, J. Dumortier, B. Guerrier, J. Comte, A. Faure, A. Levrat, F. Pilleul, B. Napoleon, T. Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A woman aged 57 was admitted with a 3-month history of moderate right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed multiple solid liver nodules. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis confirmed liver metastases with no obvious primary tumor. Serum biochemistry showed only a mild increase in γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19 – 9 were increased to 60 – 80 times the normal values. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed Helicobacter pylori-positive erosive gastritis and duodenal mucosal hyperplasia after biopsy of a suspiciously enlarged duodenal papilla. At the same time colonoscopy found the primary tumor – a 20-mm ulcerated adenocarcinoma in the left colon.
Comment on “Lung recruitment maneuver depresses central hemodynamics in patients after cardiac surgery” by Nielsenet al. and “Acute leftward septal shift by lung recruitment maneuver” by Jardin
Authors: Nahit Cakar, Ergin Ozcan Perihan, Akinci Ibrahim Ozkan, Tugrul Simru, Esen Figen, Telci Lutfu
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2006)