tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low Yield of Pulmonary Surfactant in Cigarette Smokers
Authors: T. N. Finley, A. J. Ladman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

A deficit in the surface-active material (surfactant) recovered after endobronchial lavage was found in cigarette smokers as compared to nonsmokers. The volume of surfactant rapidly returned to nonsmoker levels when the subjects stopped smoking. Lipid analysis of surfactant from smokers and nonsmokers revealed no qualitative difference, but the total lipid content and in particular lecithin was seven times less in smokers. This deficit of surfactant and its rapid return after cessation of smoking are compatible with the hypothesis that cigarette smoking reduces the production of surfactant or increases its removal.
Is Running an Analogue of Anorexia Nervosa?
Authors: James A. Blumenthal
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A recent report suggested that compulsive runners share a common set of psychological traits and behavioral dispositions with patients with anorexia nervosa. In an effort to objectively assess the similarity between anorexia nervosa and obligatory running, 43 runners and 24 patients with anorexia nervosa completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Results indicated that the obligatory runners generally scored within the normal range, while the anorectic patients did not. The anorectic patients obtained more pathological scores than the runners on eight of the ten clinical subscales of the MMPI. Fifty percent of the anorectic patients obtained elevations on three or more of the MMPI subscales, while no runners obtained more than two scale elevations. Depression (scale 2) and psychopathy (scale 4) were particularly prevalent in the anorectic group. We conclude that obligatory runners do not suffer from the same degree of psychopathology as do patients with anorexia nervosa.
Occupational injuries to NHS staff in England increase by a quarter
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The number of mishaps and injuries involving staff working for the NHS in England has increased by almost 25%, says a report published by the National Audit Office this week.

The report shows that the number of such incidents reported by acute, mental health, and ambulance NHS trusts increased by 24% from 2000-1 to 2001-2, to 135 172.

The figures mean that the Department of Health's target for a 20% reduction in occupational ill health and injuries by 2001-2 has not been met. Just over a fifth of trusts achieved this target. The cost to NHS staff—in terms of occupational sick leave, permanent injury benefits, premature retirements, and out of court payments—is estimated at more than £173 per person.

Sir John Bourn, head …
Survival and desferrioxamine in thalassaemia major.
Authors: B Modell, E A Letsky, D M Flynn, R Peto, D J Weatherall
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A small randomised trial and observation of all patients homozygous for beta-thalassaemia in Britain born in or before 1963 indicated that those patients who had received average weekly doses of more than 4 g of desferrioxamine over the previous few years were less likely to die in the near future than were patients of similar ages who had received less, or no, desferrioxamine.
Sustained Small Interfering RNA Delivery by Mesoporous Silicon Particles
Authors: Takemi Tanaka, Lingegowda S. Mangala, Pablo E. Vivas-Mejia, René Nieves-Alicea, Aman P. Mann, Edna Mora, Hee-Dong Han, Mian M.K. Shahzad, Xuewu Liu, Rohan Bhavane, Jianhua Gu, Jean R. Fakhoury, Ciro Chiappini, Chunhua Lu, Koji Matsuo, Biana Godin, Rebecca L. Stone, Alpa M. Nick, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Anil K. Sood, Mauro Ferrari
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful approach for silencing genes associated with a variety of pathologic conditions; however, in vivo RNAi delivery has remained a major challenge due to lack of safe, efficient, and sustained systemic delivery. Here, we report on a novel approach to overcome these limitations using a multistage vector composed of mesoporous silicon particles (stage 1 microparticles, S1MP) loaded with neutral nanoliposomes (dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine, DOPC) containing small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted against the EphA2 oncoprotein, which is overexpressed in most cancers, including ovarian. Our delivery methods resulted in sustained EphA2 gene silencing for at least 3 weeks in two independent orthotopic mouse models of ovarian cancer following a single i.v. administration of S1MP loaded with EphA2-siRNA-DOPC. Furthermore, a single administration of S1MP loaded with-EphA2-siRNA-DOPC substantially reduced tumor burden, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation compared with a noncoding control siRNA alone (SKOV3ip1, 54%; HeyA8, 57%), with no significant changes in serum chemistries or in proinflammatory cytokines. In summary, we have provided the first in vivo therapeutic validation of a novel, multistage siRNA delivery system for sustained gene silencing with broad applicability to pathologies beyond ovarian neoplasms. Cancer Res; 70(9); 3687–96. ©2010 AACR.
Scottish council elects new chairman Little support for new Scottish manpower body Juniors want payment for work intensity WMA will support former secretary general of Nigerian Medical Association BMA tackles major issues at political fringe meetings
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

# Scottish council elects new chairman {#article-title-2}

The BMA's Scottish council has elected Mr Arthur Morris as its new chairman. Mr Morris, who is a consultant plastic surgeon in Dundee Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, told the council last week that he foresaw a critical time for the NHS. There was certainly a clearer line of command in the NHS but who, he asked, was pulling the policy strings. “Is it the secretary of state? Is it the NHS chief executive? Is it the civil servants, the purchasers, or the fundholders? It is certainly not the patients.”

Working for Patients, Mr Morris said, was supposed to devolve decision making to the periphery. Yet central directives, such as waiting time targets were distorting local strategy planning and cut across clinical priorities in patient care. He referred to conflicts that had been created. For example, the reforms to improve junior doctors' hours had coincided with career restructuring in specialist training and both had increased consultants' workload at a time of increasing patient demands. The new Scottish chairman applauded the move for more treatment to be provided in primary care where appropriate but not bed closures in advance of adequate facilities being provided in the community. Both examples illustrated the strain that health care resources could suffer if changes were not introduced in a planned and coordinated manner.

# Little support for new Scottish manpower body {#article-title-3}

Representatives of Scottish doctors will take the opportunity at their forthcoming meetings with the Scottish secretary, Mr Michael Forsyth, and the health minister, Lord James Douglas-Hamilton, to express their concerns at the proposal to set up an advisory group for planning …
What Is the Role of Sequential Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Melanoma-Specific mRNA in the Peripheral Blood of Melanoma Patients?
Authors: Pietro Quaglino, Simona Osella-Abate, Paola Savoia, Maria Grazia Bernengo, Nazario Cappello, Franco Cavallo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

TO THEEDITOR: WereadwithgreatinterestthearticlebyScoggins et al 1 that reports the results obtained by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of melanoma-specific mRNA detected on both sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients included in the Sunbelt Melanoma Trial. In particular, RT-PCR analyses using four markers (tyrosinase, MART1, MAGE3, and GP-100) were performed on PBMCs to detect occult melanoma cells in a very large number of patients (n 820) both at study entry and during follow-up (3 months after surgery and annually thereafter). The results appear to exclude a prognostic relevance of RT-PCR on peripheral blood. There were no differences in disease-free survival (DFS), distant disease-free survival, and overall survival (OS) rates when comparing patients with at least one positive marker at any time duringfollow-upandpatientswithmarkersthatwerealwaysnegative; only patients with more than one RT-PCR marker in the peripheral blood showed a significantly lower DFS and distant disease-free survival, but not OS, with respect to the others. Itwouldbeofgreatinterest,inouropinion,toevaluateRT-PCR resultsinperipheralbloodaccordingtothediseasestage,thusseparatingSLN-negativestageIIpatientsfromSLN-positivestageIIIpatients. Indeed, according to the data reported by Scoggins et al in their Table 2, 1 SLN status defined by using standard hematoxylin/eosin and immunohistochemistry is associated with significant differences in PBMC RT-PCR expression in as much as the percentage of SLNpositive patients was significantly higher in the RT-PCR‐positive group (36%) than in the RT-PCR‐negative group (24%; P .006). Actually, literature data failed to demonstrate a prognostic relevance of RT-PCR (tyrosinase in the majority of cases) in stage I-II patients. 2 Incontrast,themajorityofstudiesthatanalyzedtyrosinaseexpression intheperipheralbloodusingsequentialdeterminationsatsetintervals during the follow-up of stage III patients demonstrated by means of multivariate analysis that the finding of at least one RT-PCR tyrosinase-positive determination carries an adverse independent prognostic significance (reviewed in Quaglino et al 3 ). This is in contrast with the results obtained from single tyrosinase determination studies, the majority of which failed to demonstrate a prognostic significance of the RT-PCR assay. 4
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and trucut biopsy in the diagnosis of gastric stromal tumors: a randomized crossover study
Authors: G. Fernández-Esparrach, O. Sendino, M. Solé, M. Pellisé, L. Colomo, A. Pardo, G. Martínez-Pallí, L. Argüello, J. Bordas, J. Llach, A. Ginès
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de G. Fernández-Esparrach et al., pp. 292Endoscopy 2010; 42(04): 349-349DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291848
Pruritic papular eruption of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A clinicopathologic study
Authors: Oscar Hevia, Francisco Jimenez-Acosta, Patricia I. Ceballos, Edwin W. Gould, Neal S. Penneys
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)

The pruritic papular eruption of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is characterized by generalized, pruritic, skin-colored papules and nodules. Chronic lesions are excoriated and hyperpigmented. The eruption and pruritus typically wax and wane and are resistant to oral antihistamine and topical steroid therapy. The characteristic histologic features are (1) superficial and mid dermal perivascular and perifollicular mononuclear cell infiltrate with numerous eosinophils and (2) follicular damage of varying degrees. When compared with control subjects, these patients did not demonstrate any significant difference in laboratory or demographic data.
Exome sequencing of extreme phenotypes identifies DCTN4 as a modifier of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Mary J Emond, Tin Louie, Julia Emerson, Wei Zhao, Rasika A Mathias, Michael R Knowles, Fred A Wright, Mark J Rieder, Holly K Tabor, Deborah A Nickerson, Kathleen C Barnes, Lung Go, Ronald L Gibson, Michael J Bamshad
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
BOTULISM IN THE UNION OF SOCIALIST SOVIET REPUBLICS
Authors: S. I. ZLATOGOROFF
Journal: JAMA (1927)

It is usually admitted that cases of botulism are rare in the territory of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics, but this may be due to the fact that such cases often escape observation, being mistaken for other diseases. In 1890, Dr. Arustamov<sup>1</sup>noted that these cases of poisoning were diagnosed in small groups by physicians of Astrakhan but remained often unnoted in the literature. In available Russian literature for the last fifty years, cases have been recorded as shown in table 1. Table 2 tabulates the data in cases recorded by the sanitary-epidemiologic Department of Kharkov. Up to the present time, twelve outbreaks of botulism have been recorded in the territory of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics. There were fifty-two cases of poisoning and thirty-five deaths. This gives a death rate of 67.3 per cent. The data of Anrep<sup>2</sup>are not considered here because he omitted
Fighting Fire With Fire: Systemic vs Selective Vasoconstrictive Therapy
Authors: Harold O. Conn
Journal: JAMA (1979)

When Nusbaum et al 1 merged diagnostic arteriography and vasoconstrictive therapy for the treatment of bleeding varices, they opened an exciting avenue of therapeutic investigation. Diagnostic arteriography was just coming of age, and the bolus intravenous (IV) administration of vasopressin was dying, largely because of its systemic side effects. 2-4 The technique they proposed, administration of a constant, low-dosage infusion of vasopressin into a specific splanchnic artery, was designed to constrict only the vessel supplying the bleeding site, thus avoiding the systemic effects of IV administration.  This technique requires sophisticated equipment and adventurous angiographers. Their work and the studies that followed were important in spreading the gospel of angiography. The number of angiographic training programs increased to meet the new demand. Well-trained, skilled angiographers and the equipment necessary to ply their trade were no longer limited to university centers but were soon found in hospitals at all levels. Everywhere catheters
The Economic Impact of a Food-Borne Salmonellosis Outbreak
Authors: Barry S. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The economic impact of an outbreak of food-borne salmonellosis affecting approximately 125 individuals was estimated at $28,733. The largest portion of this was lost salaries and productivity of ill wage earners, totaling $18,413. Costs for medical care and the health department's investigation of the outbreak, and the financial burden on the owner of the implicated restaurant accounted for the remainder of the economic consequences. It is estimated that food-borne illness has an annual economic cost of hundreds of thousands of dollars in Minnesota, where this outbreak occurred. The costs of measures that may have prevented this and other foodborne outbreaks are much lower. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1281-1282, 1974)
Vaccines should be more environmentally stable.
Authors: S C Arya
Journal: BMJ (1993)

to pay a lot of money for screening for prostatic cancer even though this results in overtreatment and evidence about a possible reduction in the mortality from prostatic cancer is lacking.Therefore the initiation of new studies and extension of current studies must be stopped.A paradoxical situation exists in Belgium.Despite the European guidelines on screening for breast cancer2 the initiation of a national screening programme for breast cancer is discouraged because of insufficient support by the national and regional health authorities.On the other hand, a lot of money is spent on so called pilot projects on screening for prostatic cancer.
Researchers Try New Definitions, New Therapies in Effort to Solve Growing Problem of Sepsis
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

PRELIMINARY but promising results of a phase 2 trial of a therapy for sepsis were reported at the 32nd annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, held in Anaheim, Calif. Although the nonblinded study involved a small number of patients, the researchers are encouraged by the strong dose response seen and are looking forward to analyzing the results of a larger, multicenter phase 3 trial just completed. At the conference, which was sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology, Steven M. Opal, MD, associate professor of medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, reported the results of the phase 2 trial of a recombinant interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). The nonblinded, prospective trial involved 99 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock who were randomly divided into a placebo group and three treatment groups, each with approximately 25 patients. The day before he presented his data at the
PRESENT STATUS OF SERUM THERAPY.
Authors: GEO. W. COX
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The history of serum therapy is like the history of a day—a busy day—into which is crowded the memory of a thousand conflicting incidents, all so brief and fleeting in character as to be almost forgotten on the morrow. Many of us remember the "good old days" of thumb lancet and fever starvation, when serum therapy was not even a dream; most of us remember when the clouds first began to separate under the influence of scientific research, and all of us remember when the first sunbeam of actual discovery burst upon the world like a meteor's gleam. It must not be inferred from this that no hint of the underlying principles of serum therapy was ever scented until the present generation, for a suggestion of them was made nearly two hundred years ago, when the Turks are credited with practicing a crude form of inoculation against smallpox. The methods
Treatment of malnourished CAPD patients with an amino acid based dialysate
Authors: Joel D. Kopple, David Bernard, Joseph Messana, Richard Swartz, Jonas Bergström, Bengt Lindholm, Victoria Lim, Giuliano Brunori, Marc Leiserowitz, Dennis M. Bier, Lewis D. Stegink, Leo Martis, Corrine Algrim Boyle, Kenneth D. Serkes, Edward Vonesh, Michael R. Jones
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
BLOOD-LETTING AND BLISTERING IN THE TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA.
Authors: JAMES TYSON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

There are two periods in the course of a croupous pneumonia in which blood-letting may be of service; first, in the early stage for the relief of pain and dyspnea, and second, in an advanced stage where there is engorgement of the right heart, also associated with intense dyspnea and general venous stasis. No remedy is so efficient for the first object as blood-letting by the application of cut cups. Poultices, counter-irritation by the various measures commonly employed and even full doses of morphin hypodermically, are comparatively valueless as compared with wet cupping. Full doses of morphin produce temporary relief, but it passes away as soon as the effect of the drug wears off. No one who has not seen the happy result of such a bleeding can realize it. Venesection at the arm is less efficient, although it, too, relieves engorgement and diminishes pain and dyspnea. By no means
Reply to Matsushita et al.
Authors: P. Murali Krishna
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

We sincerely appreciate the interest of Dr. Matsuhita and colleagues in our case report and thank him for highlighting that the working channel of the EN-450P5/20 double-balloon enteroscope (outer diameter 8.5 mm) measures 2.2 mm and that of the EN-450T5 (outer diameter 9.4 mm) measures 2.8 mm [1]. We regret not attaching the details. In the conclusion we actually mentioned an option with a 2.8 mm channel, which we gathered from our case series ([Fig. 1]).
Characteristics of wave fronts during ventricular fibrillation in human hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy: role of increased fibrosis in the generation of reentry
Authors: Tsu-Juey Wu, James J.C Ong, Chun Hwang, John J Lee, Michael C Fishbein, Lawrence Czer, Alfredo Trento, Carlos Blanche, Robert M Kass, William J Mandel, Hrayr S Karagueuzian, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
The SAG Index
Authors: Mitchell T. Rabkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Consider the stages of a hospital admission. The first few days are fraught with questions. The physician labors over professional questions: "Have I elicited all the pertinent history? Have I picked up the relevant physical findings? What about the logic of my diagnostic thinking? Is my decision analysis reasonable?" These tense inquiries lead to more highly charged personal challenges: "Have I made the right diagnosis? Under my care, how will the patient do?"For the patient, the uncertainties may be less sharply focused but more poignant: "Does the doctor know what he is doing? She seems awfully young to be . . .
Surgery of the Breast
Authors: Thomas L. Dao
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This handbook is basically designed to be informative of the scope of operative surgery of the breast. It should deal only with the technical aspects of the operative procedures. Unfortunately, the authors have ignored this basic philosophy and have introduced discussions concerned with the indications and contraindications of certain procedures which are controversial in nature, and uninformed readers have no references to refer to. Chapters 8, 9, and 12 especially contain statements that are ambiguous and might well create confusion in the minds of less well-informed readers. The book as a whole contains useful information with respect to the surgical procedures of the breast and is useful for house officers and perhaps for some surgeons who do breast surgery infrequently. I think the chapter on mammoplasty is useful as a help to surgeons in communicating better with their patients in the area of cosmetic operations of the breast. Chapter 17
Anaemia in blood donors is not being properly investigated
Authors: R Harvey, R J Lock, D J Unsworth
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—We agree with Hin et al that occult coeliac disease is common in cases of unexplained anaemia and that testing for coeliac disease by looking for IgA endomysial antibodies is underused.1 We have been studying blood donor volunteers turned away by the National Blood …
Radiography of potentially pregnant females.
Authors: P R Burch
Journal: BMJ (1972)

DECEMBER 1972 to date found methylmethacrylate cement to cause worrying problems in the anaesthetic management of total hip arthroplasty.In our experience the use of such cement in these operations is safe, but an expert ap- praisal of the degree of plasticity of the mixed cement and the choice of the exact moment for its introduction are, in our opinion, the important factors which ensure this freedom from complications.-We are, etc.
Treatment of detainees in South Africa.
Authors: M E Bennun
Journal: BMJ (1983)

too long" evaluation of Dr Wright.Nowhere in our data have we encouraged the comment of Dr Grant that normal vaginal delivery is dangerous and should be abolished.On the contrary, we have shown that a selected and careful mid-cavity rotational forceps is as safe as a normal vaginal delivery and that the case for caesarean section or even a randomised controlled trial of caesarean section against Kielland's forceps cannot be supported by our results.
ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY IN CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Roland P. Mackay
Journal: JAMA (1964)

No more pressing problem confronts the modern physician than that posed by the anticoagulant drugs. After their introduction in 1945 by Wright and colleagues for the treatment of coronary thrombosis, a lively controversy arose as to their effectiveness and safety, a controversy still raging, especially regarding the crucial problem of selection of cases. A decade later, the use of anticoagulant drugs in cerebrovascular disease was suggested.<sup>1, 2</sup>Thereafter, a series of articles by Millikan and his associates admirably sharpened the diagnostic criteria separating the syndromes of basilar and carotid insufficiency, emphasized the clinical features of transient ischemic episodes in both areas, and reported optimistic results of anticoagulant therapy. Neurologists and internists throughout the world began a widespread use of the method, though consent was more grudging among neurologists. The wholesome stimulation of interest brought about by this new therapy served to resurrect the cerebrovascular disorders from the grave of