tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of Fcγ Receptor Polymorphisms on Response to Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Treatment in Psoriasis
Authors: Ana Batalla, Eliecer Coto, Pablo Coto-Segura
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

absence of differential diagnosis as a factor in diagnostic confidence in both online (χ 2 P = .001)and physical consultation (P < .001). 4,5In 37 cases (42%), a second diagnosis was made during the physical consultation, with 1 basal cell and 1 squamous epithelial carcinoma diagnosed at consultation.The limitations of our study include its retrospective design, lack of randomization, and the limited patient numbers.
An Elderly Woman With Dyspnea
Authors: Jeremy O’Connor, Demetra Gibson
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

A woman in her 70s with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and venous thromboembolism presented to the hospital with 2 months of progressively worsening dyspnea on exertion.Her medical history was significant for a single episode of lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis during a prior hospitalization, complicated by multiple subsegmental pulmonary emboli.At that time, she underwent inferior vena cava filter placement, followed by initiation of anticoagulation therapy.Her current medications included metoprolol tartrate, simvastatin, and warfarin sodium.She denied any substantial tobacco or alcohol use, and her family history was negative for venous thromboembolic disease.Her initial physical examination had unremarkable results, with laboratory evaluation of prothrombin time significant for an international normalized ratio of 2.8.Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed a large filling defect within the main pulmonary artery, flattening of the interventricular septum, and multiple pulmonary nodules.Bedside transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated evidence of severely increased right ventricular systolic pressure, with moderate right ventricular dilation.She was referred for urgent pharmacomechanical interventions, including catheterdirected embolectomy and thrombolysis, for a presumed diagnosis of submassive pulmonary embolism.Following the procedure, she experienced no substantial clinical or radiographic improvement.She underwent a repeated CT scan of the chest (Figure).Quiz at jamaoncology.comA B Figure.Computed tomographic scan of the chest, showing a large filling defect (arrowhead) within the main pulmonary artery (A, lung window; B, mediastinal window).
Correlation of bone marrow micrometastases with nodal status in gastrointestinal tumors.
Authors: Sunil Nagpal, Alpesh K. Korant, Madhumitha Krishnamoorthy, Mohammed Shaik, Gregory Johnston, Vikrom K. Dhar, Madan L. Arora, Trevor Singh, David Wiese, Sukamal Saha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e14518 Background: Presence of bone marrow (BM) micrometastases (M) is a prognostic factor for patients (pts) with solid tumors. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping (M) has been found to upstage pts with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. However, a direct correlation between the presence of BMM and nodal metastases (mets) is lacking. A retrospective study was done to determine the relationship between BMM and nodal status in GI cancers. Methods: A total of 385 consecutive pts with GI cancers were studied. Pts underwent bilateral posterior-superior-iliac-spine BM aspiration. A highly sensitive staining method was used to differentiate cytokeratin postitive cells of epithelial origin from normal hematopoetic cells. Cytospin slides were stained wtih monoclonal anti-CAM 5.2 antibody. Visualization was achieved with Ventana view-Red detection system. Slides were then counterstained with haematoxylin. Automated Cellular Imaging System was used to classify cells of interest by cellular color, size and shape. SLNM was done by peritumoral injection of 1% methylene blue in the subserosal layer. Results: A total of 385 pts were analyzed. Of these 11% were found to have BMM. The three highest sites of BMM were cholangiocarcinoma 33%, Stomach 22% and esophagus 13% (Table 1A). BMM was +ve bilaterally in 44% of pts, unilaterally in 56%. In pts who underwent SLNM, BMM were detected in 8.3% of SLN +ve vs. 12% for SLN -ve pts. For a subgroup of pts with colorectal cancer undergoing SLNM, BMM were detected in 9.6% of SLN +ve pts vs. 11% for SLN -ve pts. Conclusions: BMM did not correlate with nodal status for GI malignancies suggesting a possible different mechanism for metastases. Detection of BMM may have a significant clinical value in SLN negative pts who may benefit from adjuvant therapy. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Absence of synergistic effects of CNS treatments on neuropsychologic test performance among children.
Authors: R E Dowell, D R Copeland, D J Francis, J M Fletcher, M Stovall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Three hypotheses are proposed to account for neurobehavioral impairments following treatment with cranial radiation therapy (CRT) and intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy: CNS treatments exert a synergistic effect (A x B), an additive effect (A + B), or a single-agent effect (A or B). Eighty-five long-term survivors of non-CNS cancers aged 6 to 16 years were classified into groups on the basis of CNS treatments: CRT-IT (n = 25), CRT-No IT (n = 11), No CRT-IT (n = 24), and No CRT-No IT (n = 25). Study I findings did not provide support for synergistic mechanisms; nonorthogonal analysis of variance showed interaction effects (CRT x IT) restricted to tactile-perceptual speed. However, main effects were significant for a single agent (CRT) across a wide range of measures. General intelligence, academic achievement, verbal knowledge and reasoning, and perceptual-motor abilities were found to be significantly lower among CRT-treated groups. Study II findings provided additional support for the role of CRT; Pearson correlations within the CRT-No IT group indicated significant negative associations between CRT dose estimates for cortical regions and perceptual-motor abilities.
Addition of PEEP/EPAP during nocturnal noninvasive ventilation in patients with severe restrictive disorders: Physiological effects and tolerance in a randomized pilot study
Authors: Miguel Goncalves, Joaquim Moreira, Luana Souto Barros, Patricia Dantas, João Carlos Winck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  In patients with nocturnal hypoventilation due to Severe Restrictive Disorders (SRD), sleep events defined as obstructive or central apneas/hypopneas, can be misinterpreted and lead to suboptimal ventilatory settings.   Objectives:  To analyse the physiological effects of PEEP/EPAP during sleep in patients with SRD under noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV).   Study design:  A randomized prospective cross-over study was performed in 16 patients with a median age of 51,5 (39,7-64,7) years that included 13 neuromuscular and 3 kyphoscoliosis patients with a median FVC (% predicted) of 38,5 (26,5-50,2). In two consecutive nights, they were randomly assigned to sleep one night with a PEEP/EPAP of 0 cmH 2 O and the other night with a PEEP/EPAP of 8 cmH 2 O, maintaining all the other ventilation parameters. All of them performed a home complete sleep study. Subjective sleep quality, comfort and nocturnal dyspnea, respiratory events and oxygen saturation parameters were analyzed.   Results:  Only one patient did not tolerate PEEP/EPAP of 8 cmH 2 O and slept with a PEEP/EPAP of 6 cmH 2 O.   Conclusion:  The application of PEEP/EPAP did not show superiority in terms of sleep parameters and symptomatic improvement. Although further research is warranted, the results of this pilot study suggest the use of NIV without the addition of PEEP/EPAP in patients with SRD.
Asbestos-related disease: Clinico-pathological correlation
Authors: Jill Murray, Ntombizodwa Ndlovu, Jim teWaterNaude
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction   The accurate diagnosis of asbestos-related diseases is important. For compensation asbestosis is defensibly diagnosed without the aid of pathology while the diagnoses of lung cancer and mesothelioma require surgical lung biopsy.  South African law makes provision for the autopsy examination of the cardio-respiratory organs of deceased miners for compensation purposes. This provides unique opportunities to correlate clinical and pathological findings.   Methods   Deceased cases assessed in-life for compensation using chest radiographs by the Asbestos Relief Trust and who had an autopsy at the National Institute for Occupational Health from May 2010 to May 2011 were studied. The in-life and autopsy diagnoses of asbestosis and its severity, mesothelioma and lung cancer were compared. Sensitivities, specificities and related values were calculated.   Results    94 cases were studied. ARDs were diagnosed at autopsy in 78 (83%) of the cases: 47 (50%) had asbestosis, 20 (21%) mesothelioma and 15 (16%) lung cancer. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates for the clinical diagnoses were 47%, 83% and 65% for asbestosis; 65%, 96% and 89% for mesothelioma and 40%, 100% and 90% for lung cancer respectively.  Using an ILO grading of 1/0 and above for the radiological diagnosis of asbestosis, there were 25 (53%) false negative cases. For pathologically diagnosed slight, moderate and marked asbestosis, agreement was 31%, 53% and 58% respectively.   Discussion   Cases with slight asbestosis were more likely to be missed clinically (69%) than marked disease (42%). Many malignancies were undiagnosed in life. These findings underline the difficulty of diagnosing ARDs and the importance of autopsies in detecting disease missed in-life.
Establishment of Two Canine Sarcoma Cell Lines: Productive Infection With Feline Leukemia Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A L Chapman, P J Fischinger, H N Tung
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Two canine sarcoma cell lines (11028, 11031) were established in vitro and have been transferred 213 and 306 times, respectively, since 1970. These cell lines had a chromosome pattern consistent with their canine origin. Both cultures were infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV), which caused morphologic and karyotypic changes. The cells became rounded after infection with FeLV and both cultures showed the presence of a single, large, acrocentric chromosome considered to be a marker chromosome. All tumors were transplanted into newborn beagle pups, but only the 11028-FeLV formed metastatic tumors. No helper or focus-forming activity or virus particles were found in the uninfected cultures. Helper activity and virus were demonstrated in both sarcoma lines after infection with FeLV, though no focus-forming activity was noted. Helper activity of progeny virus could be assayed on either cat or dog embryo cells.
Self-perceived verses electronic monitoring of adherence to nebulised treatment in children with cystic fibrosis - does the use of telehealth system improve nebulisation adherence?
Authors: Catherine Thorton, Nicola Moss, Elaine Chan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Adherence to nebulised treatment among Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients is variable. Electronic adherence monitoring in outpatient/home setting is available. Aims: (1) To compare self-perceived adherence to data downloaded from adaptive aerosol delivery systems (I-neb) (2) To determine if the feedback from telehealth system (Insight Online) optimises adherence to nebulised treatment in children with CF. Methods: CF patients (on I-neb) were questioned about their adherence to nebulised treatment. Actual adherence (% of doses taken/expected) data was downloaded at clinic visits and compared with self-perceived adherence. Telehealth system was then set up at the homes of consenting patients for self-monitoring. Results: Data was obtained from 15 CF patients (median [range] age: 13.3 [5.5-16] years; 7 males). Six patients were within 10% accuracy between perceived and actual adherence (median [range] of perceived – actual adherence: 2 [0-10] %). Remaining 9 patients perceived their adherence better than the actual adherence (median [range] of perceived – actual adherence: 39 [13-49] %). Following installation of telehealth system, 3 out of 4 children with > 90% actual adherence maintained their adherence level. Six children with adherence <90% improved by median [range] of 22.3% [13.2-178.8%] over 4-week period following self-monitoring at home. Conclusion: Self-perceived treatment adherence can be inaccurate. Telehealth system may benefit by encouraging self-monitoring, informing aspects of treatment that can be improved, and enabling CF team to work with patients/families to promote adherence.
Complications of Saturation Diving
Authors: D R Leitch
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

The experience of 458 man-dives with 731 excursions between 50 m and 300 m carried out by Royal Navy saturation divers is summarized. During saturation decompression there were 6 treated bends and 33 reported niggles. Two bends occurred in dives deeper than 249 m and the remaining 4 bends occurred in dives where decompression began in much less than the saturation stop time after completion of downward excursions. There was one case of vestibular system decompression sickness after an excursion to 300 m. It is concluded that the decompression table is effective in use shallower than 150 m but that the risk increases with greater depth. There is, however, only limited experience in the deeper range. There is no evidence that chamber compression with air to 10 m adversely affects decompression from deeper than 50 m. An account of the medical and physiological conditions affecting divers in these dives is given.
Hepatic Bmal1 Regulates Rhythmic Mitochondrial Dynamics and Promotes Metabolic Fitness
Authors: David Jacobi, Sihao Liu, Kristopher Burkewitz, Nora Kory, Nelson H. Knudsen, Ryan K. Alexander, Ugur Unluturk, Xiaobo Li, Xiaohui Kong, Alexander L. Hyde, Matthew R. Gangl, William B. Mair, Chih-Hao Lee
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Ovarian ablation versus goserelin with or without tamoxifen in pre-perimenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer: Results of a multicentric Italian study
Authors: F. Boccardo, A. Rubagotti, A. Perrotta, D. Amoroso, M. Balestrero, A. De Matteis, P. Zola, P. Sismondi, G. Francini, R. Petrioli, M. Sassi, P. Pacini, E. Galligioni
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1994)
HIV‐1 NNRTIs: structural diversity, pharmacophore similarity, and impliations for drug design
Authors: Peng Zhan, Xuwang Chen, Dongyue Li, Zengjun Fang, Erik De Clercq, Xinyong Liu
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2011)

Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) nowadays represent very potent and most promising anti‐AIDS agents that specifically target the HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase (RT). However, the effectiveness of NNRTI drugs can be hampered by rapid emergence of drug‐resistant viruses and severe side effects upon long‐term use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel, highly potent NNRTIs with broad spectrum antiviral activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties, and more efficient strategies that facilitate and shorten the drug discovery process would be extremely beneficial. Fortunately, the structural diversity of NNRTIs provided a wide space for novel lead discovery, and the pharmacophore similarity of NNRTIs gave valuable hints for lead discovery and optimization. More importantly, with the continued efforts in the development of computational tools and increased crystallographic information on RT/NNRTI complexes, structure‐based approaches using a combination of traditional medicinal chemistry, structural biology, and computational chemistry are being used increasingly in the design of NNRTIs. First, this review covers two decades of research and development for various NNRTI families based on their chemical scaffolds, and then describes the structural similarity of NNRTIs. We have attempted to assemble a comprehensive overview of the general approaches in NNRTI lead discovery and optimization reported in the literature during the last decade. The successful applications of medicinal chemistry strategies, crystallography, and computational tools for designing novel NNRTIs are highlighted. Future directions for research are also outlined.
Difference of respiratory reactance between mild and moderate COPD by forced oscillation technique using a MostGraph-01
Authors: Yasuhiro Yamauchi, Tadashi Kohyama, Taisuke Jo, Masafumi Horie, Yuu Mikami, Takahide Nagase
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: COPD is characterized with persistent airflow limitation caused by airway inflammation and parenchymal emphysema. The Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT) can detect the lung impairment by measuring respiratory impedance during tidal breathing without special maneuver of respiration. Respiratory impedance consists of resistance and reactance (Xrs), which dynamically change during tidal breathing in COPD patients. We evaluated the difference of the Xrs in respiratory cycle between mild and moderate COPD.  Methods: We recruited 26 outpatients with stable mild (n=13) and moderate (n=13) COPD at the University of Tokyo Hospital. The impedance of respiratory system was measured by FOT using MostGraph-01, which was manufactured in Japan CHEST Company. The Xrs during inspiratory and expiratory phase during tidal breathing were evaluated at 4 Hz of oscillatory frequency. Comparisons of Xrs between both groups were performed using the Student9s t-test.  Results: The mean Xrs at 4 Hz (X4) in respiratory cycle were similar in mild and moderate groups. There were also no significant differences between inspiratory X4 (insX4) and expiratory X4 (exX4) in both groups. However, the ratio of insX4 to exX4 in mild COPD was significantly lower than that in moderate COPD (p=0.031).  Conclusion: The ratio of insX4 to exX4 during tidal breathing in mild COPD was lower than moderate COPD. During tidal breathing, the Xrs changes in inspiratory and expiratory phase and might be influenced by airway obstruction and parenchymal emphysematous change. The measurement of Xrs during tidal breathing might be useful property to distinguish the severity of COPD.
An evaluation of the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness for patients with acute respiratory illness, of a community-based intravenous medication service: The first 26 months
Authors: R.A. Khan, J.P. Cullen, S. Zaidi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Patients with acute respiratory illnesses such as acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and pneumonia occupy significant proportion of acute hospital beds. There is therefore an increasing focus on intermediate care initiatives to facilitate early supported discharge (ESD) and admission avoidance (AA) in such patients. Since 10.11.08, our hospital in partnership with Community Intervention Team (C.I.T.) provided service for administration of intravenous (IV) medications, facilitating ESD/AA.   Aim:  To evaluate the AMNCH/C.I.T. IV service, in terms of safety, readmission rates, adverse events, bed-days saved, patient satisfaction and cost-effectiveness.   Results:  Up to 31.1.11, of 285 patients referred to this service, 32% had a primary diagnosis of acute respiratory illness. 44 patients were male, 48 female. Mean age was 58.5 years (range 18-95). ESD and AA was facilitated in 67% and 33% respectively. Respiratory diagnoses were: pneumonia (n = 63), AECOPD (n = 7), exacerbation of asthma (n = 4), exacerbation of bronchiectasis (n = 5) and non-pneumonic respiratory infection (n = 13). IV treatment saved a minimum of 486 bed-days. Average length-of-stay in the service was 5.3 days. Readmission rate was 3.2%. No adverse incidents were reported. Patient satisfaction was 100%. We estimate that home treatment of these patients saved €457,300 for AMNCH compared to equivalent treatment in hospital.   Conclusion:  We conclude that the service continues to be a safe, effective, inexpensive modality for ESD/AA in patients, with significant bed-days and cost-savings for AMNCH.
Molecular Profile of Epstein-Barr Virus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Related Lymphadenopathies and Lymphomas
Authors: Lucia Ometto, Chiara Menin, Sara Masiero, Laura Bonaldi, Annarosa Del Mistro, Anna Maria Cattelan, Emma D'Andrea, Anita De Rossi, Luigi Chieco-Bianchi
Journal: Blood (1997)
Mechanisms contributing to muscle-wasting in acute uremia
Authors: S R Price, D Reaich, A C Marinovic, B K England, J L Bailey, R Caban, W E Mitch, B J Maroni
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

Acute uremia (ARF) causes metabolic defects in glucose and protein metabolism that contribute to muscle wasting. To examine whether there are also defects in the metabolism of essential amino acids in ARF, we measured the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme for branched-chain amino acid catabolism, branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKAD), in rat muscles. Because chronic acidosis activates muscle BCKAD, we also evaluated the influence of acidosis by studying ARF rats given either NaCl (ARF-NaCl) or NaHCO3 (ARF-HCO3) to prevent acidosis, and sham-operated, control rats given NaHCO3. ARF-NaCl rats became progressively acidemic (serum [HCO3] = 21.3 +/- 0.7 mM within 18 h and 14.7 +/- 0.8 mM after 44 h; mean +/- SEM), but this was corrected with NaHCO3. Plasma valine was low in ARF-NaCl and ARF-HCO3 rats. Plasma isoleucine, but not leucine, was low in ARF-NaCl rats, and isoleucine tended to be lower in ARF-HCO3 rats. Basal BCKAD activity (a measure of active BCKAD in muscle) was increased more than 17-fold (P < 0.01) in ARF-NaCl rat muscles, and this response was partially suppressed by NaHCO3. Maximal BCKAD activity (an estimate of BCKAD content), subunit mRNA levels, and BCKAD protein content were not different in ARF and control rat muscles. Thus, ARF increases branched-chain amino acid catabolism by activating BCKAD by a mechanism that includes acidosis. Moreover, in a muscle-wasting condition such as ARF, there is a coordinated increase in protein and essential amino acid catabolism.
Symptom experience in patients with COPD and their level of physical activity. Is there a good association
Authors: Heleen Demeyer, Juliana Maria de Sousa Pinto, Miek Hornikx, Laurence Vrancken, Marc Decramer, Wim Janssens, Thierry Troosters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Rationale   Several instruments including physical activity monitors and questionnaires are used to assess the functional status in patients with COPD. The relation between objectively measured physical activity (PA) and questionnaires assessing functional status and symptoms is poorly studied.   Methods   54 patients with COPD (age 66±7, FEV1 62±22% pred) were included. PA was assessed during 2 periods of 14 consecutive days in 6 weeks, by the dynaport movemonitor and actigraph. The amount of steps per day and movement intensity during walking (MI) were used for this analysis. Symptom experience was measured by the MRC scale for dyspnea (MRC), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), functionality subscale of the CCQ (CCQ-f) and the dyspnea subscale of the CRQ (CRQ-d), every 2 weeks. The correlations with PA were measured, both with and without inclusion of the weekends.   Results   The univariate correlations are shown in table1. All questionnaires were significantly correlated with both the steps per day and the MI. Excluding weekends did not increase the correlation between 9functional status9 and steps per day and slightly enhanced the correlations with MI.   Conclusion   The symptoms experienced by the patients and functional status are only modestly related to the amount and intensity of PA. Interventions that improve symptoms may therefore not automatically sin off in enhanced physical activity levels.