tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endobronchial valves for life-threatening haemoptysis: A case report
Authors: Johannes W. Bruwer, Coenraad F.N. Koegelenberg, Chris T. Bolliger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

We describe the implantation of endobronchial valves (Spiration®) in a patient with haemoptysis, which represents both a novel indication for the use of these devices and a novel intervention for haemoptysis. Our patient is a 30 year-old male who developed bilateral upper lobe aspergillomata following previous pulmonary tuberculosis.  The patient had a history of multiple hospitalisations for life-threatening haemoptysis despite repeated bronchial artery embolisations. Given the bilateral nature of his disease and very poor pulmonary reserves (FEV1 0.78L, 19.3%), he was deemed inoperable.  After obtaining consent from the patient as well as our local ethics committee, we proceeded to identify the segments involved (CT 3D-reconstruction). With the aid of a flexible bronchoscope, we implanted three valves in the following segments: right upper lobe (UL) anterior segment, left UL apical and posterior segments.  Our patient has remained haemoptysis-free for the three months to date. He has also not experienced any stent-related complications. Moreover, he has shown improvement in his functional capacity (FEV1 1.40 L, 34.2%) and is currently employed as a manual labourer.
Mitochondrial Toxicity of 2,5-Diaziridinyl-3,6-bis(carboethoxyamino)-1 ,4-benzoquinone
Authors: Mary Ann Oberc-Greenwood, Barry H. Smith, Carol Cooke, James Ellis, Paul L. Kornblith, Paul E. McKeever
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

2,5-Diaziridinyl-3,6-bis-(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benzoquinone (AZQ) is an antitumor agent characterized by lipid solubility and the ability to penetrate the central nervous system. Two human glioma-derived cell lines, SNB-1 and SNB-2, proved by microcytotoxicity assay to be sensitive to AZQ, were examined with transmission electron microscopy for morphologic changes induced by this drug. AZQ was used in two ways: a) dissolved with dimethylacetamide (aqueous) at concentrations of 25 and 50 micrograms/ml and b) solid (surface plated) at 3.1 and 6.2 micrograms/mm2. A time study from 30 minutes to 48 hours was performed. Selective mitochondrial destruction was noted after 8 hours of exposure to AZQ. After 12 hours, condensation of chromatin along the periphery of the nucleus and dilation of endoplasmic reticulum were two other cellular reactions observed. Thus in addition to the known alkylating activity of AZQ, it has significant mitochondrial toxicity. This antimitochondrial effect is possibly an important factor in the antiglioma cell cytotoxicity of AZQ.
A Human Melanoma Line Heterogeneous With Respect to Metastatic Capacity in Athymic Nude Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: James M. Kozlowski, Ian R. Hart, Isaiah J. Fidler, Nabil Hanna
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Journal Article A Human Melanoma Line Heterogeneous With Respect to Metastatic Capacity in Athymic Nude Mice Get access James M. Kozlowski, James M. Kozlowski Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ian R. Hart, Ian R. Hart 7 7Address reprint requests to Dr. Hart at his present address: Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, P.O. Box 123, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, England. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Isaiah J. Fidler, Isaiah J. Fidler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nabil Hanna Nabil Hanna Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 72, Issue 4, April 1984, Pages 913–917, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/72.4.913 Published: 01 April 1984 Article history Received: 05 August 1983 Accepted: 30 November 1983 Published: 01 April 1984
Determinants of Enrollment in Cancer Clinical Trials: The Relationship Between the Current State of Knowledge, Societal Disease Burden, and Randomized Clinical Trial Enrollment
Authors: Shane Lloyd, Daniela L. Buscariollo, Cary P. Gross, Danil V. Makarov, James B. Yu
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Whether clinical cancer research currently focuses on gaps in the evidentiary basis for clinical guidelines and/or on cancers that impose greater societal burden is unclear. This study assessed the relationship between cancer research efforts in terms of planned randomized controlled trial (RCT) enrollment, objective measures of evidence quality, and a cancer’s burden on society. The authors calculated the planned RCT enrollment listed on ClinicalTrials.gov for the 17 most prevalent solid cancers. Using cancer type as the unit of analysis, linear regression was used to examine the association between planned enrollment in RCTs and 1) evidence quality, as measured by the absolute number and percent of highest quality category (category 1 [C1]) recommendations in the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for each cancer, and 2) measures of burden on society, including prevalence, incidence, person-years of life lost (PYLL), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). Non-normal distributions were log transformed when appropriate. Overall, 15% of the NCCN recommendations were based on the highest quality evidence. Results produced 1260 RCTs. Planned RCT enrollment ranged from 2270 (testis) to 492,876 (breast) and was correlated neither with absolute number nor percent of C1 recommendations for that cancer. Planned RCT enrollment was positively correlated with a cancer’s prevalence (P=.01), incidence (P<.01), PYLL (P<.01), and DALY (P<0.01). In multivariate analysis, prevalence (P<.01) and PYLL (P<.01) had the strongest association with planned RCT enrollment. Findings showed, therefore, that planned cancer RCT enrollment is associated with higher societal disease burden, not the quality of a cancer’s clinical guidelines.
Appearance of Glandlike Structures in the Tracheobronchial Tree of Aging Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P. Nettesheim, D. H. Martin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Conventional, specific-pathogen-free, and germfree mice of various age groups were studied for the occurrence of glands in the conducting airways. No glands were found in the lower portions of the trachea and bronchi of 7-week-old animals, but “glands” or glandlike structures were occasionally seen in 3-month-old mice. In mice 7 months and older they occurred regularly and often in great numbers in the lower trachea and the large bronchi. This finding contrasts with previous reports and is important for selection of animal species to be used in the study of chronic respiratory diseases.
Gingival bleeding is related to respiratory health
Authors: Francisco Gómez Real, Laura Pérez Barrionuevo, Karl Franklin, Bryndís Benediktsdóttir, Christer Janson, Rain Jogi, Ane Johannessen, Eva Lindberg, Ferenc Macsali, Ernst Reidar Omenaas, Eirunn Waatevik Saure, Vivi Schlünssen, Trude Duelien Skorge, Kjell Torén, Marie Waatevik, Antonio Pérez Saavedra, Anne Nordrehaug Åstrøm, Cecilie Svanes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  The relationship of dental and respiratory health is not well known. An association of periodontitis with systemic diseases is reported in several studies, while literature about dental health dental and obstructive lung diseases is scarce.   Aims  To investigate whether dental health, assessed as oral hygiene and gingival bleeding, is related to respiratory health, assessed as self-reported respiratory symptoms and COPD.   Methods  A postal questionnaire including questions about respiratory and dental health was sent to general population based samples (N=13.361) in seven Northern European centres. 3253 participants reported gingival bleeding when brushing teeth always, often or sometimes. Logistic regressions with adjustment for age, smoking, social class, centre and gender were used.   Results  Gingival bleeding was significantly associated with wheeze OR 1.48, CI 1.32-1.66), tightness in chest (OR 1.79, CI 1.57-2.05) and COPD (OR 1.68, CI 1.28-2.20).   Conclusions  Gingival bleeding is significantly associated with respiratory symptoms. One might speculate whether this is mediated by direct or indirect effect of aggressive oral pathogens or imbalance of oral microbiome.
Abstract P4-14-04: United States breast cancer mortality trends in young women according to race
Authors: Foluso O Ademuyiwa, Feng Gao, Lin Hao, Daniel Morgensztern, Rebecca L Aft, Cynthia X Ma
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose Studies have shown that there is a negative prognostic impact of young age at diagnosis on clinical outcome in women with breast cancer (BC). We sought to determine if there is a differential effect of race in this high-risk population of women and examined mortality trends according to race and diagnosis age. Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program 1990-2009, women diagnosed with invasive BC under the age 50 were identified. Clinicopathologic characteristics, overall survival, and BC specific survival rates were compared between racial groups. After adjustments for stage, ER, PR, histology, age, diagnosis year, tumor size, nodal status, and grade, multivariate logistic regression analyses determined the risk-adjusted likelihood of survival for whites and blacks. Annual hazard rates (HR) of BC deaths after diagnosis according to race and calendar period, and adjusted relative hazards of death for white and black women stratified by age at diagnosis were computed. Results Overall, 162,976 women were identified, including 126,573 whites (77.7%), 20,405 blacks (12.5%), and 15,998 of other races (9.8%). At a median follow-up of 85 months, five year disease specific survival rates were 90.1% for whites, and 79.3% for blacks. During the study period, the annual HR for death in whites decreased by 26% at 5 years after diagnosis, in contrast to the rates in blacks women decreasing by only 19%. With 1990 as referent, adjusted relative hazards for death in 2005 for white and black women &amp;lt;40 years were 0.55 (95% CI 0.46-0.66) and 0.68 (95% CI 0.49-0.93) respectively. In whites and blacks ≥40, 2005 hazards were 0.53 (95% CI 0.47-0.60) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.61-0.99). Conclusion Among young women diagnosed with BC, blacks have a worse outcome than whites. Mortality declines in both racial groups have been observed over time, although more rapid gains have occurred in whites. Emphasis should be placed on improving outcomes for young BC patients. Citation Format: Foluso O Ademuyiwa, Feng Gao, Lin Hao, Daniel Morgensztern, Rebecca L Aft, Cynthia X Ma. United States breast cancer mortality trends in young women according to race [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-04.
Abstract 18698: Identification of a Novel Cardiac Progenitor Population Expressing Pw1/peg3 in the Murine Heart
Authors: Elisa Yaniz-Galende, Luigi Formicola, Nathalie Mougenot, Lise Legrand, Jiqiu Chen, Roger J Hajjar, Giovanna Marazzi, David Sassoon, Jean-Sebastien Hulot
Journal: Circulation (2014)

The myocardium responds to injury by recruiting cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) to the injured tissue to promote cardiac repair. Although different classes of CPCs have been identified, their contribution in physiological and pathological conditions remains unclear. PW1 gene has recently been proposed as a marker of resident adult stem and progenitor cell populations in several adult tissues. Our goal was to characterize and determine the role of PW1+ population in the heart. Here, we employ immunostaining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis in PW1-reporter mouse to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of PW1+ population in the heart. We first found that PW1+ cells are mainly located in the epicardium and myocardial interstitium of normal hearts. The average percentage of PW1+ cells, as assessed by FACS, was 1.56±1.41%. A subset of PW1+ cells also co-express other CPC markers such as Sca-1 (52±22%) or PDGFR1α (43±14%). In contrast, a very small proportion of PW1+ cells co-express c-kit (6±5%). To investigate the contribution of PW1+ cells in pathological conditions, we then performed myocardial infarction (MI) by LAD ligation in PW1-reporter mice. We found that MI resulted in a 3-fold increase in the number of PW1+ cells in infarcted mice compared with sham-operated groups, at 1 week post-MI (1.16%±0.47% in sham versus 3.43%±0.82 in MI). This population preferentially localized in the injured myocardium and border area. PW1+ cells were isolated by FACS from the whole infarcted heart from PW1-reporter mice. In vitro differentiation assays reveal that purified PW1+ cells are multipotent and can spontaneously differentiate into smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and cardiomyocyte-like cells. Taken together, our data identify a novel PW1+ cardiac progenitor population with the potential to undergo differentiation into multiple cardiac lineages, suggesting their involvement in cardiac repair in normal and pathological conditions. The discovery of a novel population of cardiac progenitor cells, augmented following MI and with cardiogenic potential, provides a novel target for therapeutic approaches aimed at improving cardiac regeneration.
Cardiac sarcoidosis is more frequent in males - Large cohort (n=1375) sarcoid patients analysis - 5 years experience in the National TB & Lung Diseases Research Institute in Warsaw, Poland
Authors: Magdalena Martusewicz-Boros, Anna Kempisty, Elzbieta Wiatr, Kazimierz Roszkowski-Sliz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Sarcoidosis is predominantly demonstrated in the respiratory tract, however granulomas can involve all other organs, including heart, what may be potentially life-threatening. The aim of study was to evaluate the incidence of cardiac sarcoidosis in the group of patients diagnosed or followed up due to sarcoidosis in two departments of the National TB & Lung Diseases Research Institute in Warsaw. Method: retrospective analysis of database patients discharged with the diagnosis 'sarcoidosis' (ICD-10: D86) and next selection patients with cardiac involvement. The analysis covered the period from January 2008 to October 2012. Diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis was verified according to guidelines from the Japan Ministry of Health and Welfare (1993, 1999, 2006) and positive magnetic resonance imaging test. Results: 1375 sarcoidosis patients were seen in two departments in the almost 5 years period. Females/males ratio was 49%/51%. Multiorgan disease was detected in 160 cases (11.7%). The cardiac involvement was presented in 64 patients (4.7% of the entire group). 12 cases in stage I, 48 in stage II and 4 in stage III. The mean age was 46.7±12.6 years (range: 25 – 77). There were 45 males and 19 females - 70.3%/29.7%. Odds ratio for males comparing to females: 2.3433; 95% CI: 1.3559 to 4.0496, p = 0.0023. The median of time from the diagnosis of sarcoidosis to detection of heart involvement was 18.8 months (CI 90% range 0 to 8.9 years). Conclusion: Cardiac sarcoidosis was diagnosed in the similar percentage as in previously published data, but was significantly more frequently in males.
Computed Tomography Screening for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer
Authors: Rebecca P. Petersen, David H. Harpole
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2006)

Although lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world and has an increased chance of cure if detected at an earlier stage, routine lung cancer screening is currently not recommended in the United States. Unfortunately, most patients with lung cancer present only after the onset of symptoms and have advanced disease that cannot be surgically resected. The overall 5-year survival rate for all patients with lung cancer is only 15%. When the cancer is detected at its earliest stage (pathologic stage IA), however, the 5-year survival rate is more than 70%. Although past randomized screening trials evaluating the use of standard chest radiography or sputum cytology have not resulted in lower mortality, recent studies suggest that computed tomography (CT) may have promise as a screening tool. This article summarizes experience over the past decade of using low-dose spiral CT imaging as a screening tool to detect early lung cancers in asymptomatic, high-risk individuals.
Impact of axillary lymph node dissection on the therapy of breast cancer patients.
Authors: P P Lin, D C Allison, J Wainstock, K D Miller, W C Dooley, N Friedman, R R Baker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

We studied a series of 283 breast cancer patients retrospectively to determine the actual benefits of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for these patients.The records of 283 women with invasive breast cancer treated between 1988 and 1990 were reviewed for histologic status of the axillary lymph nodes, tumor size, DNA content, hormone-receptor values, and actual adjuvant treatments received.ALND was of possible therapeutic benefit for the 15% (43 of 283) of patients who had clinically positive nodes. Nodal metastases were found in 86% (37 of 43) of patients in this subgroup. ALND alone determined the indication for standard adjuvant therapy for a group of 31% (88 of 283) of patients who had favorable primary biopsy findings and clinically negative axillary nodes; ALND proved that 13% (11 of 88) of these latter patients had positive nodes. For 54% (152 of 283) of patients who had clinically negative nodes and unfavorable biopsies, ALND played no role in the decision as to whether standard adjuvant therapy was indicated. Only 5% (seven of 152) and 3% (four of 152) of these latter patients received radiation therapy and/or high-dose adjuvant chemotherapy, respectively, because of ALND.The benefits of ALND vary greatly for different groups of breast cancer patients, and controlled studies may be needed to determine whether ALND is necessary for all breast cancer patients.
Leptin and adiponectin levels in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Foteini Malli, Panagiotis Georgoulias, Valotassiou Varvara, Irene Tsilioni, Konstantinos Gourgoulianis, Zoe Daniil
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Studies in the literature suggest a regulatory role of adipokines in the development of fibrosis in various organs. Leptin is a critical factor for the development of fibrosis in the liver. In contrast, adiponectin inhibits liver fibrogenesis both  in vivo  and  in vitro . However, their role in pulmonary fibrosis has not been examined in the past.   Objectives:  We hypothesized that leptin and adiponectin may be involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis and therefore we measured levels of leptin and adiponectin (RIA) in the serum of 37 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) patients (mean±SD: 68.8±8.8 years) and 22 controls (65±7.5 years). Clinical and radiological data were collected from all subjects. Pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas analysis and transthoracic echocardiography were performed.   Results:  The levels of leptin and adiponectin did not differ between patients and controls. However, leptin levels when divided by BMI in male patients with PaO2   Conclusions:  Leptin levels when adjusted for BMI and leptin to adiponectin ratio are reduced in male IPF patients with hypoxia. Our findings suggest a possible role of leptin in the severity and/or pathogenesis of IPF. Further studies are required in order to clarify the association of leptin and adiponectin with the disease.
Titrations of Various Mouse Mammary Tumor Viruses in Different Mouse Strains 2
Authors: Dan H. Moore, Jesse Charney, Jane A. Holben
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Titrations of Various Mouse Mammary Tumor Viruses in Different Mouse Strains Get access Dan H. Moore, Dan H. Moore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jesse Charney, Jesse Charney Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jane A. Holben Jane A. Holben Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 6, June 1974, Pages 1757–1761, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.6.1757 Published: 01 June 1974 Article history Received: 12 November 1973 Accepted: 06 March 1974 Published: 01 June 1974
Effects of nebulizer therapy by hypertonic saline, gender and breastfeeding on evolution of acute bronchiolitis
Authors: Ekaterina Kutsia, Tina Ghonghadze, Tamar Zhorzholiani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Acute bronchiolitis is most common viral infection of lower respiratory tract in infants. In 90% it is caused by respiratory syncitial virus.  One of the main protective factors from infants morbidity is breast milk. In literature is data about infants gender factor in risks of acute respiratory infections.  Reveal influence of breastfeeding (BF) on evolution of infant9s acute bronchiolitis(AB) in gender aspect, assuming results of nebulized therapy by hypertonic saline (HS).  A retrospective study of medical records in Pediatric Clinic (2010-2011) was carried out. The data was statistically analyzed in the program packet _SPSS 16.0.  The data of 86 1-12 month(s) of age infants with moderate AB was analyzed; 25-girls (29%),61-boys(71%). On exclusive BF 47(54.7%), artificial feeding -39(45.3%).The Management of AB included: respiratory therapy, hydration (oral), nebulized therapy: NaCl 0.9%, NaCl 3% solutions, bronchodilatators.  We compared clinical improvement days among BF and formula fed boys and girls.  In BF infants with acute bronchiolitis the clinical improvement occurred more rapidly (2-3 day) than the formula fed infants (3-4day) (p  There was no statistically evident association between gender and feeding type in improvement day (p>0.05).  The effectiveness of nebulized HS in acute bronchiolitis is statistically significant, it improves patients clinical condition and makes a rapid recovery (p  Study revealed higher incidence of morbidity in boys.Was evident tendency of improvement in girls. BF improves clinical condition from 2th-3th day (p