tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How prevalent is cancer family syndrome?
Authors: F Kee, B J Collins
Journal: Gut (1991)

Based on an established but pragmatic definition of cancer family syndrome as the presence of three or more relatives affected by colorectal cancer in a first degree kinship, the contribution of this syndrome to the total cancer burden in Northern Ireland has been studied by investigating all non-polyposis probands under 55 years old at histological diagnosis between 1976 and 1978. Family interviews were possible for 95% (n = 205) of all non-polyposis probands and verification of vital status or medical history was obtained for 98% of 1811 first degree relatives. The prevalence of cancer family syndrome was between 1 and 2%, a figure some fivefold less than that estimated elsewhere. A proximal tumour excess was not characteristic of the ascertained families. These results may have implications for the identification of susceptible people if screening for high risk groups is considered a worthwhile option for reducing colorectal cancer mortality in the United Kingdom.
Polymorphisms at the glutathione S‐transferase, GSTP1 locus: a novel mechanism for susceptibility and development of atopic airway inflammation
Authors: M. A. Spiteri, A. Bianco, R. C. Strange, A. A. Fryer
Journal: Allergy (2000)

A common feature of environmental irritants is their ability to cause local inflammation which could alter airway function. The principal targets of such injury are the epithelial cells lining the airway passages and the lower respiratory gas‐exchange areas. While host atopy is a recognized risk factor for airway inflammation, atopy alone cannot cause asthma. We hypothesize that susceptibility to persistent airway inflammation in atopic individuals is characterized by an inherited deficiency in the effectiveness of detoxification of inhaled irritants and products of oxidative stress such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our case‐control studies show that polymorphisms at the glutathione S‐transferase, GSTP1, locus on chromosome 11q13 may account for variation in host response to oxidative stress, a key component of airway inflammation. Frequency of the GSTP1 Val/Val genotype is reduced in atopic subjects compared with nonatopic subjects. Trend analysis also shows a significant decrease of GSTP1 Val/Val (with parallel increase of GSTP1 Ile/Ile) genotype frequency with increasing severity of airflow obstruction/bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The implication of specific polymorphisms at the GSTP1 locus in airway inflammation is entirely novel: however, GST are recognized as a supergene family of enzymes critical in 1) cell protection from the toxic products of ROS‐mediated reactions, 2) modulation of eicosanoid synthesis.
LONG-TERM ASSOCIATION OF BRACHIAL ARTERY FLOW-MEDIATED VASODILATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS WITH NO APPARENT HEART DISEASE
Authors: Michael Shechter, Alon Shechter, Nira Koren-Morag, Assaf Issachar, Ibrahim Marai, Yael Shahar, Micha S. Feinberg, Liran Hirsch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Medical project investigating torture gets under way
Authors: S. Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Senior figures from the World Medical Association have met doctors and lawyers in Mexico, Uganda, and Georgia as part of a project that aims to improve the investigation and documentation of torture around the world.

The talks were an early step in a programme initiated by the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims to implement the Istanbul Protocol, a United Nations backed document that provides legal and medical guidelines for recording individual cases of torture.

Torture is a regular occurrence in up to 100 countries, including some that have signed the 1987 United …
Gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using adenovirus expressing interleukin-12 (ADCMVIL-12) and thymidin kinase (ADCMVTK)
Authors: M. Drozdzik, C. Oian, X. Xie, R. Bilbao, Y. Sun, G. Mazzolini, J. Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Glucose Metabolism in Human Adipose Tissue In Vitro.
Authors: A. M. Mellati
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Glucose Metabolism in Human Adipose Tissue In Vitro.A. M. Mellati, M.D., D. Rubenstein, M.D., J. C. Beck, M.D.A. M. Mellati, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, D. Rubenstein, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. C. Beck, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1102_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIncorporation of glucose into carbon dioxide fatty acids, and glyceride-glycerol in human adipose tissue in vitro have been studied. Eighty specimens from 59 subjects were all responsive to insulin when added to the incubation medium. Subcutaneous adipose tissue from normal subjects excised an hour after a mixed meal showed an increase in lipogenesis when compared with adipose tissue from the fasting state of the same individuals. Addition of insulin in vitro increased the lipogenesis of Ac and Pc tissue to the same level, indicating that the capacity for lipogenesis remains unaltered after a fast of short duration. In comparing various... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Montreal Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1102-1102KeywordsAdipose tissueCarbon dioxideFatty acidsGlucoseGlucose metabolismInsulinLipogenesis Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
From the Museum: the Art of Thinking. Part One: Thinking
Authors: Tom Kotsimbos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The School of Athens is a grand summary of the roots of western philosophy and thinking in one all encompassing eyeful. Striding side by side in centre stage are Plato and his student Aristotle on his right. Plato's mentor Socrates is on the left providing another focal point. In keeping with his philosophy of ideal forms, Plato is pointing towards the heavens with his right hand whilst Aristotle is symbolically arguing the merits of a more earthbound empirical approach to knowledge by pointing downwards. The Timaeus and Nicomachean Ethics are tucked under the left hand of each philosopher, respectively. Socrates is depicted facing away from the centre busily questioning and examining life's riddles. Under the statue of Apollo (god of the Arts and divine inspiration) and grouped on the left are the ancient thinkers who, along with Plato, emphasised the intuitive aspect of thinking (including Pythagoras, Epicurus, Hypatia and Averroes). The Aristotelean aligned, empirically focused philosophers are grouped on the right (including Theophrastus, Ptolemy, Euclid and Strabo) under the watchful eye of Athena's statue – the goddess of reason and wisdom. Sprouting from Socratic method/dialogue – which elevated the status of "the right question" to at least the level of "the answer".
Human rights in Iraq
Authors: T. Al-Shawaf, S. Rawaf
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Human rights in Iraq have been violated for decades. The fact that doctors are forced to participate in violent atrocities1 adds another dimension to the suffering of the Iraqi people and, especially, our medical colleagues. Recent reports suggest that doctors have died for disobeying orders to perform amputations and other abominations, defending their conscience and integrity. In the past and during the Iraq-Iran war Iraqi doctors were subjected to terror to force them to carry out violations of human rights on innocent people. This resulted in an exodus of doctors from …
Axl expression is associated with adverse prognosis and with expression of Bcl-2 and CD34 in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML): results from a multicenter trial of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK)
Authors: C Rochlitz, A Lohri, M Bacchi, M Schmidt, S Nagel, M Fopp, MF Fey, R Herrmann, A Neubauer
Journal: Leukemia (1999)
A simple indicator of correct nasogastric suction tube placement in children and adults
Authors: F. Rulli, G. Galatà, M. Villa, A. Maura, C. Ridolfi, M. Grande, A. Farinon
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the validity of a flexible fiberoptic cable inserted into a nasogastric tube in assessing correct gastric placement of the tube in children and adults. The study enrolled 16 patients undergoing surgical procedures (β-thalassemic children and 8 patients subjected respectively to open splenectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy). A flexible cable of 1.3 mm diameter, connected with a cold light source, was inserted in a common nasogastric tube and advanced as far as the epigastric area ([Fig. 1] - [3]), which was fully transilluminated. The stomach was emptied by aspiration with a syringe. The size of the nasogastric tubes varied between 8 and 19 Fr (2.7 - 6.3 mm).
Limitations to the Therapeutic Potential of Endoluminal Stent Placement in the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Torsten Doenst, Christian Schlensak, Friedhelm Beyersdorf
Journal: Circulation (2000)

In their recent study, Rousseau et al 1 report the successful delayed treatment of traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta by endoluminal stent placement.The results of this technique in the authors' hands were excellent.The authors suggest that this alternative treatment to conventional surgery is feasible and safe but that its use may be restricted by limited durability of the stent graft material.We wish to raise a point that may further limit the therapeutic potential of stent placement in the thoracic aorta.It is our experience from implanting Ͼ150 endoluminal stents into the abdominal aorta in order to exclude aneurysms that despite excellent immediate success rates, Ͼ10% of the stents had to be surgically removed within the first 4 years after stent implantation (References 2 and 3 and unpublished observations).Others have made similar observations. 4Surgical explantation of the stents in our patients became necessary not only because of problems with the stent durability but mainly because of dislocation of the stents and reexposure of the old aneurysms to systemic blood pressure.These dislocations were due to dilatation of the aorta at the anchoring site of the stent.Dilatation of the aorta may also occur in the thoracic aorta.Because of the elastic nature of the vessel walls, dislocation of stents may even be facilitated.Although our experience with the placement of thoracic stents is limited, we would expect a similar condition in these cases.Thus, we propose that stent graft placement into the thoracic aorta should only be considered a palliative treatment option.The possible requirement for surgical explantation of the stent at a later time point should be taken into account at the time the decision for stent placement is made.
Cognitive Function in Children and Subsequent Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: G. David Batty, Catharine R. Gale, Ian J. Deary
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We read with interest the article by Olsson et al. (1) that reported on the relation between IQ at age 11 years and risk of self-reported diabetes at age 42 years in the 1958 British birth cohort. Follow-up of large groups of children into adult life is important in this context because the measure of cognition can be regarded as being premorbid. This contrasts with assessment of cognition in older cohorts in which data interpretation is hampered by the possibility of reverse causality. As the authors indicate (1), although IQ in middle- and older-aged persons may influence diabetes, the reverse …
Primaquine Prophylaxis against Malaria
Authors: Jaime Soto
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters16 March 1999Primaquine Prophylaxis against MalariaJaime Soto, MD and Jonathan Berman, MD, PhDJaime Soto, MDUniversidad Militar Nueva Granada; Bogota, Colombia (Soto)Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Washington, DC 20307 (Berman)Search for more papers by this author and Jonathan Berman, MD, PhDUniversidad Militar Nueva Granada; Bogota, Colombia (Soto)Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Washington, DC 20307 (Berman)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The comments of Heppner and colleagues and Dr. Barry are useful and contribute to a dialogue on the important subject of malaria prophylaxis.We appreciate Heppner and colleagues' emphasis on points that we also emphasized: the risk of giving primaquine to G6PD-deficient persons and the higher efficacy of the drug for P. falciparum than for P. vivax. We also appreciate the comments on the question of mefloquine in pregnancy. When we stated that “the risk of mefloquine prophylaxis … has not been clinically evaluated,” we might have added the word “thoroughly” before “clinically evaluated.” The risk has been ...References1. Nosten F, ter Kuile F, Maelankiri L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, Nopdonrattakoon L, Tangkitchot S, et al . Mefloquine prophylaxis prevents malaria during pregnancy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Infect Dis. 1994;169:595-603. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. White AC, Runnels JH. Mefloquine prophylaxis in pregnancy. J Infect Dis. 1995;171:253-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Fryauff DJ, Tuti S, Mardi A, Masbar S, Patipelohi R, Leksana B, et al . Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax in transmigration, settlements of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;59:513-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jaime Soto, MD; Jonathan Berman, MD, PhDAffiliations: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; Bogota, Colombia (Soto)Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Washington, DC 20307 (Berman) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPrimaquine Prophylaxis against Malaria in Nonimmune Colombian Soldiers: Efficacy and Toxicity: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Jaime Soto , Julia Toledo , Maria Rodriquez , Jorge Sanchez , Ricardo Herrera , Julio Padilla , and Jonathan Berman Primaquine Prophylaxis against Malaria D. Gray Heppner Jr. , Robert A. Gasser Jr. , and Kent E. Kester Primaquine Prophylaxis against Malaria Michele Barry Metrics 16 March 1999Volume 130, Issue 6Page: 536-537KeywordsBloodImmunityLiverMalariaMefloquineParasitemiaPregnancyPrimaquineProphylaxisProspective studies ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 16 March 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Variables associated with the risk of colorectal adenomas in asymptomatic patients with a family history of colorectal cancer.
Authors: P Gaglia, W S Atkin, S Whitelaw, I C Talbot, C B Williams, J M Northover, S V Hodgson
Journal: Gut (1995)

The results of screening individuals referred to the Family Cancer Clinic at St Mark9s Hospital from 1986 are presented. Colonoscopy was performed in 644 asymptomatic individuals (from 436 families) with a family history of colorectal cancer. Sixty nine (15.8%) of the families fulfilled the Amsterdam criteria for the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndromes (HNPCC). Seven cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed at an average age of 49 years; six at Dukes9s stage A and one at stage C, four in subjects from Amsterdam criteria families. One hundred and forty four (22.4%) subjects had one or more adenomas. The prevalence of adenomas in the subjects from Amsterdam criteria families was 34 of 127 (26.8%) compared with 110 of 517 (21.3%) in those from other families; the age and sex adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.76 (p = 0.02). Factors influencing the prevalence of adenomas in screened individuals were evaluated. Multivariate analysis showed that independent variables significantly related to the risk of adenomas were: age (p &lt; 0.0001), sex (p = 0.0002), and the number of generations (&gt; or = 2 v 1) of relatives affected by either colorectal cancer or adenomas (p = 0.0006). The latter variable was more highly predictive of the probability of finding an adenoma at colonoscopy than a family history of two generations with cancer only (p = 0.056). The OR of having colorectal adenomas increased with age, by about twofold for each decade, and was twice as high in men than women, and in subjects with two or more generations relative to those with one generation affected by colorectal cancer or adenomas. Six of seven patients with cancer and 46 of 144 (31.9%) with adenomas had lesions proximal to the splenic flexure only. The proportion of individuals with proximal adenomas only was 47.1% in Amsterdam criteria families and 27.3% in the others (p=0.03). These findings support the view that colonoscopy rather than sigmoidoscopy is the method of choice for screening high risk groups.
Effect of intravenous propranolol on coronary vasomotion at rest and during dynamic exercise in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: A S Bortone, O M Hess, A Gaglione, T Suter, H Nonogi, J Grimm, H P Krayenbuehl
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Coronary vasomotion was studied at rest and during bicycle exercise with biplane quantitative coronary arteriography in 28 patients with coronary artery disease. Patients were divided into two groups; the first 18 patients served as controls (group 1), and the next 10 patients were treated with propranolol 0.1 mg/kg, which was infused intravenously before exercise (group 2). Luminal area of a normal and a stenotic vessel segment was determined at rest, during supine bicycle exercise, and 5 minutes after sublingual administration of 1.6 mg nitroglycerin after exercise. In group 1, the normal vessel showed vasodilation (+16%, p less than 0.001) during exercise, whereas the stenotic vessel segment showed vasoconstriction (-31%, p less than 0.001). After sublingual administration of nitroglycerin, there was coronary vasodilation of both normal (+36%, p less than 0.001 vs. rest) and stenotic (+20%, p less than 0.001) vessel segments. Patients with angina pectoris during supine exercise (n = 10) had significantly (p less than 0.05) more vasoconstriction (-36%) than patients without angina (-23%). In group 2, intravenous administration of propranolol at rest was associated with a decrease in luminal area of both normal (-24%, p less than 0.001) and stenotic (-43%, p less than 0.001) vessel segments; however, during subsequent exercise, both normal (-2%, p = NS vs. rest) and stenotic (-3%, p = NS vs. rest) vessel segments dilated when compared with the measurements after propranolol. Administration of nitroglycerin further increased luminal area of both vessel segments (normal segment, +23%, p less than 0.001; stenotic segment, +46%, p less than 0.001 vs. rest). It is concluded that dynamic exercise in patients with coronary artery disease is associated with coronary vasodilation of the normal and vasoconstriction of the stenotic coronary arteries. Patients with exercise-induced angina had significantly more stenosis vasoconstriction than patients without angina although minimal luminal area at rest was similar. Intravenous administration of propranolol is accompanied by a significant decrease in coronary luminal area of both normal and stenotic vessel segments at rest, which is overridden by dynamic exercise and sublingual nitroglycerin. The reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption and the prevention of exercise-induced stenosis vasoconstriction might explain the beneficial effect of beta-blocker treatment in most patients with coronary artery disease.
Thoracoabdominal Gunshot Wound With Survival of a 36-Week Fetus
Authors: Kirby Browns
Journal: JAMA (1977)

GUNSHOT wounds to the uterus of a woman during the last months of pregnancy are rare. The lives of the mother and the unborn child are endangered. In a review of 70 such cases, no fetus survived thoracoabdominal gunshot trauma.<sup>1</sup>Recently, we treated an infant who suffered a major prenatal gunshot wound. Earlier reviews of uterine trauma focused on treatment of the mother.<sup>1</sup>This report concerns treatment of the infant. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 23-year-old woman, gravida 5, para 4, approximately 36 weeks gravid, was shot in the midportion of the abdomen with a.38-caliber low-velocity bullet. She was taken to a nearby community hospital, where roentgenograms of the abdomen showed a bullet within the uterus, evidently lodged in an upper extremity of the fetus (Fig 1). Fetal heart tones were present. Immediate celiotomy disclosed no maternal injuries other than to the uterus. A cesarean section was performed,
The syndecan family of proteoglycans. Novel receptors mediating internalization of atherogenic lipoproteins in vitro.
Authors: I V Fuki, K M Kuhn, I R Lomazov, V L Rothman, G P Tuszynski, R V Iozzo, T L Swenson, E A Fisher, K J Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans have been shown to participate in lipoprotein catabolism, but the roles of specific proteoglycan classes have not been examined previously. Here, we studied the involvement of the syndecan proteoglycan family. First, transfection of CHO cells with expression vectors for several syndecan core proteins produced parallel increases in the cell association and degradation of lipoproteins enriched in lipoprotein lipase, a heparan-binding protein. Second, a chimeric construct, FcR-Synd1, that consists of the ectodomain of the IgG Fc receptor Ia linked to the highly conserved transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of syndecan-1 directly mediated efficient internalization, in a process triggered by ligand clustering. Third, internalization of lipase-enriched lipoproteins via syndecan-1 and of clustered IgGs via the chimera showed identical kinetics (t1/2 = 1 h) and identical dose-response sensitivities to cytochalasin B, which disrupts microfilaments, and to genistein, which inhibits tyrosine kinases. In contrast, internalization of the receptor-associated protein, which proceeds via coated pits, showed a t1/2 < 15 min, limited sensitivity to cytochalasin B, and complete insensitivity to genistein. Thus, syndecan proteoglycans can directly mediate ligand catabolism through a pathway with characteristics distinct from coated pits, and might act as receptors for atherogenic lipoproteins and other ligands in vivo.
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Gösta Gahrton, Sante Tura, Per Ljungman, Coralie Belanger, Lena Brandt, Michele Cavo, Thierry Facon, Alberto Granena, Martin Gore, Alois Gratwohl, Bob Löwenberg, Jukka Nikoskelainen, Josy J. Reiffers, Diana Samson, Leo Verdonck, Liisa Volin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

In contrast to autologous bone marrow transplants for hematologic cancers, allogeneic transplants contain no tumor cells that might cause a relapse. We report the results of such allogeneic bone marrow transplantation using HLA-compatible sibling donors in 90 patients with multiple myeloma performed in 26 European centers between 1983 and 1989.