tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in patients attending a hypertension clinic with features of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Peter Coss, Finbarr O'Connell, Michele Agnew, Patrick Goodman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aim : To see if OSA is a common finding in patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Metabolic Syndrome has been described as a constellation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The WHO places the incidence at 21% of the population. OSA syndrome occurs in 2-4% of males and females. Both conditions represent a significant burden to the health service in terms of diagnosis, treatment and management. Volunteers agreed to undergo a home cardiopulmonary sleep study and interview with questionnaires including the Epworth score. Studies were manually scored to determine the Apnoea Hypopnoea Index.

Results: 35 volunteers were recruited. This yielded 32 studies (10 female) that were analysed. Mean age: 50yrs (Range 26 – 73), mean BMI: 37.5 (±5.8). Significant OSA (AHI>5) was found in 7 females (80%) and 20 male (88%) subjects, 86% overall.

View this table:

Summary Findings





Conclusion: OSA is prevalent in this group of patients and was not the primary reason for attendance. Epworth Score alone was a poor predictor of sleep breathing disorder in those with mild to moderate AHI. OSA is a risk factor for CVD and so we suggest that there should be routine screening for OSA in this particular patient group.
Risk Factors for Basal Cell Carcinoma in the UK: Case-Control Study in 806 Patients
Authors: J T Lear, B B Tan, A G Smith, W Bowers, P W Jones, A H Heagerty, R C Strange, A A Fryer
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1997)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the commonest malignant neoplasm in white people. We present a large UK case-control study in which conditional logistic regression analysis of age-matched and gender-matched data sets was used to compare, first, cases with controls (n=403) and second, patients having multiple BCC with those having a single BCC (n=278). Eye/hair colour, occupation, skin type, social class, tumour site at presentation and smoking history were assessed. Social class 1/2, skin type 1, red/blonde hair and blue/green eyes were all related to BCC risk, social class most strongly (odds ratio 2.36, P=0.007). Truncal site at presentation was a risk factor for the development of multiple BCC (odds ratio 4.03, P=0.002). These data support the view that genetically mediated differences in ultraviolet responsiveness are important in BCC, though the scale of their effect is small. They may be exploitable in primary and secondary prevention as well as giving insights into pathogenesis. In particular, the fact that patients presenting with a truncal tumour are at increased risk of further BCC suggests that intermittent exposure in genetically predisposed individuals may contribute to a cancer susceptibility syndrome.
Tetracycline Antibiotics Impair Mitochondrial Function and Its Experimental Use Confounds Research
Authors: Iliana A. Chatzispyrou, Ntsiki M. Held, Laurent Mouchiroud, Johan Auwerx, Riekelt H. Houtkooper
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Tetracyclines, a class of antibiotics that target bacterial translation, are commonly used in research for inducible gene expression using Tet-ON/Tet-OFF systems. However, such tetracycline-inducible systems carry a risk. Given that mitochondria have a "bacterial" ancestry, these antibiotics also target mitochondrial translation and impair mitochondrial function. Indeed, treatment with doxycycline-a tetracycline derivative-disturbs mitochondrial proteostasis and metabolic activity, and induces widespread gene-expression changes. Together, this affects physiology in well-established model systems ranging from cultured cells to simple organisms and to mice and plants. These changes are observed with doxycycline doses that are widely used to regulate gene expression. In light of these findings, and bearing in mind the conserved role of mitochondria in metabolism and whole organism homeostasis, we caution against the use of tetracyclines in experimental approaches. The use of newly developed tetracycline-based systems that are more sensitive could be an alternative; however, even if no overt mitochondrial toxicity is detected, widespread changes in gene expression may sensitize cells to the intended tetracycline-controlled loss or gain of function, thereby introducing a "two-hit model." This is highly relevant for cancer research, as mitochondrial metabolism holds a central position in the reallocation of nutrients for biomass production known as the Warburg effect.
Phase I-II Study of Gemcitabine and Fluorouracil as a Continuous Infusion in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Manuel Hidalgo, Daniel Castellano, Luis Paz-Ares, Cristina Gravalos, Maite Diaz-Puente, Ricardo Hitt, Silvia Alonso, Hernan Cortes-Funes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities, and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with pancreatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with measurable, locally advanced, nonresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer were candidates for the study. 5-FU was given via protracted venous infusion (PVI) at a fixed dosage of 200 mg/m 2 /d, and gemcitabine was administered weekly for 3 consecutive weeks every 4 weeks. The initial dose of gemcitabine was 700 mg/m 2 and was escalated in increments of 100 mg/m 2 /wk until the appearance of severe toxicity. Measurements of efficacy included the following: response rate; clinical benefit response, which is a composite measurement of pain, performance status, and weight loss; time to disease progression; and survival. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients received a total of 109 courses. Dose-limiting toxicity, which consisted of grade 4 neutropenia with fever (one patient) and grade 4 thrombocytopenia (one patient), was observed in two of three patients treated with 1,100 mg/m 2 /wk of gemcitabine. On the basis of these results, the MTD of gemcitabine with 5-FU via PVI on this schedule was 1,000 mg/m 2 . Sixteen patients developed grade 3-4 neutropenia, and three patients developed grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia. Grade 3-4 nonhematologic toxicity consisted of diarrhea (two patients) and cutaneous toxicity, asthenia, edema, mucositis, and nausea and vomiting (one patient each). The delivered dose-intensity of gemcitabine was similar at the 1,000 mg/m 2 dose level (599 mg/m 2 /wk) as at the 900 mg/m 2 (601 mg/m 2 /wk) dose level. For this reason, the recommended dose of gemcitabine for phase II evaluation on this schedule was 900 mg/m 2 . Five patients had objective responses (one complete response and four partial responses; response rate, 19.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.5 to 39.3), and 10 patients had improvement of disease-related symptoms (45%; 95% CI, 24 to 67). After a median follow-up of 17.7 months (range, 7.8 to 24.8 months), the median progression-free survival and overall survival times were 7.4 months (95% CI, 3.3 to 11.4) and 10.3 months (95% CI, 8.1 to 12.5), respectively. CONCLUSION: The MTD of gemcitabine when combined with 5-FU via PVI on this schedule was 1,000 mg/m 2 /wk; however, on the basis of administered dose-intensity, the recommended dose for additional investigation is 900 mg/m 2 . This combination chemotherapy regimen was well tolerated and showed promising antitumor activity in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Feeding Studies of Nitrilotriacetic Acid and Derivatives in Rats2
Authors: W. Lijinsky, M. Greenblatt, C. Kommineni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Feeding Studies of Nitrilotriacetic Acid and Derivatives in Rats Get access W. Lijinsky, W. Lijinsky Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Greenblatt, M. Greenblatt Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. Kommineni C. Kommineni Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 4, April 1973, Pages 1061–1063, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.4.1061 Published: 01 April 1973 Article history Received: 16 January 1973 Accepted: 24 January 1973 Published: 01 April 1973
Prevention of Spontaneous Leukemia in AKR Mice by Passive Immunization and Type Specificity of This Protection&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D C Fish, R V Gilden, R M Bare, R M Trimmer, R J Huebner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

AKR mice were given sc injections of goat antiviral immune globulin from birth through 14 or 31 days of age. Although the shorter immunization schedule greatly reduced expression of spontaneous leukemia, the longer immunization period was required for essentially complete prevention of leukemia. Immune globulin with a high neutralization titer for ecotropic virus provided this protection, whereas antibody with a high neutralization titer for murine xenotropic virus did not.
Phase II trial of paclitaxel by 24-hour continuous infusion for relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: Southwest Oncology Group trial 9246.
Authors: O W Press, M LeBlanc, T J O'Rourke, S Gagnet, R A Chapman, S P Balcerzak, R I Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) recently conducted a multiinstitutional phase II trial to determine the complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) rates, toxicities, and progression-free and overall survivals of patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) treated with a 24-hour continuous infusion of paclitaxel at a dose of 175 mg/m2. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-six patients with relapsed NHL who had received minimal prior therapy (one prior chemotherapy regimen for intermediate- to high-grade NHL [44 patients] or one or two prior regimens for low-grade NHL [22 patients]) were premedicated with dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, and cimetidine and then treated with continuous intravenous infusion paclitaxel over 24 hours every 21 days. RESULTS Eleven of 66 patients (17%) achieved rigorously documented objective remissions, including two CRs (3%) and nine PRs (14%). In addition, another five patients (8%) achieved apparent PRs on a single computed tomographic (CT) scan. Responses were brief, lasting a median of 3 months (5 months for indolent lymphomas and 3 months for intermediate- to high-grade lymphomas). Grade 4 or 5 granulocytopenia was the only common serious toxicity, and occurred in 42 of 66 patients (64%). CONCLUSION Paclitaxel is generally well tolerated when given as a continuous infusion of 175 mg/m2 over 24 hours, despite predictable granulocytopenia. However, single-agent paclitaxel has modest clinical efficacy compared with other available treatments for relapsed NHL.
Bone Loss and Inhaled Glucocorticoids
Authors: James L Glazer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: The study by Israel et al. (Sept.27 issue) 1 of bone thinning in women with asthma did not effectively control for the critical variables of the level of physical activity and the severity of asthma.Comparisons between patients with mild asthma and those with persistent asthma who are receiving high doses of inhaled glucocorticoids must include a careful evaluation of base-line characteristics. 2 Table 2 of the article shows that the 28 women who did not use inhaled glucocorticoids weighed less than the 42 women who required more than eight puffs of inhaled glucocorticoids per day (mean [±SD], 140±20 vs. 154±40 lb), had nearly twice the level of physical activity (98±54 vs. 55±71 metabolic hours per week), had a lower incidence of past or current use of inhaled glucocorticoids (14±36 percent vs. 62±49 percent), and were less likely to have a history of oral-glucocorticoid use (36± 49 percent vs. 79±42 percent).All of these base-line differences appear to be statistically significant.It is as if we compared the bones of a busload of women soccer players with those of a busload of sedentary women.A relative lack of gravitational exercise can obviously contribute to bone loss, as shown most clearly in astronauts returning from zero gravity.Because the presence of persistent asthma limits one's ability to exercise, the resulting inactivity and other changes in variables reflecting the severity of asthma (e.g., weight, prednisone use, and airway inflammation) invalidate any reliable analysis of the effects of inhaled glucocorticoids on bone loss in groups that were so dissimilar at base line in the absence of a randomized scheme of treatment allocation.
Reporting of MABp1 for the Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Bobbak Mansouri, Alan Menter
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

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A six-year sleep lab experience in an Egyptian university hospital: A retrospective study
Authors: Maha Yousif, Rana El-Helbawy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  There are few published reports of comprehensive sleep architecture and respiratory event data from polysomnography (PSG) using standard scoring criteria for patients in Egypt.   Aim:  to study anthropomorphic and PSG (including sleep architecture and respiratory event data) characteristics in local patients undergoing evaluation for suspected sleep disorders.   Patients and methods:  all patients9 polysomnographic records and sleep questionnaires were reviewed from November 2006: November 2012 at the Minoufiya University Hospital Sleep Disorders Unit.   Results:  421 patients were recruited 229 males (54.4%); Most of the patients were referred by a chest physician (81%). The most common symptoms were snoring (84.6%), witnessed apneas (78.6%), insomnia (70.9%) and the least was parasomnia (15.4%). 337 patients were diagnosed as having obstructive sleep apnea OSA (80%) of them, 70 (21%) had mild OSA, 75 (22%) had moderate OSA and 192 (57%) had severe OSA, The most common diseases accompanying OSA were: systemic hypertension (77%), diabetes (63%), and COPD (57%), coronary heart disease (49%). Majority of OSA patients (71%) were obese (body mass index BMI > 30 kg/m2), 21% were over- weight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2). Only 8% had normal body weight (BMI 20-25 kg/m2).   Conclusions:  OSA is common among Egyptian patients with HTN, diabetes, IHD and COPD especially snorers, obese and overweight patients.
Effectiveness of touchscreen device (iPad) as communication tool for intubated patients admitted at the University of Santo Tomas Hospital
Authors: Apolonio Javier, Patrick Gerard Moral
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objectives: To improve the communication between intubated patients and healthcare providers using iPad. Specifically, (a) we would like to determine the level of frustration of intubated patients in the ICU while using touchscreen device (iPad) as a communication tool (b) determine the helpfulness of touchscreen device (iPad) as a communication tool between intubated patients in the ward / ICU and health care providers.  Subjects: (1) more than 18 years old, (2) able to read, speak and understand either English or Filipino, (3) oriented to person, place, time and situation at the time of interview, (4) Glasgow Coma Score 11 (Eyes 4, Verbal 1, Motor 6), (5) competent and able to sign an informed consent form; hemodynamically stable and (6) required intubation for at least 18 hours.  Design: A pilot observational descriptive study design.  Results: Patients level of frustration while intubated, eigthy-eight percent (88.46%) of the sample reported extreme levels of frustration when communicating with other people while intubated. Seven percent (7.69%) reported their experience as very frustrating. Almost four percent (3.85%) reported their experience as frustrating. Almost four percent of the patients (3.85%) reported their experience to be somewhat helpful, fifteen percent (15.38%) reported their experience to be helpful, almost four percent (3.85%) reported their experience to be most helpful, and seventy-six percent (76.92%) reported their experience to be extremely helpful when iPad was used as a communication tool.
Nocturnal enuresis as risk factor for moderate-to-severe OSA in children with snoring
Authors: Emmanouel Alexopoulos, Georgia Malakasioti, Vasiliki Varlami, Michail Miligkos, Konstantinos Gourgoulianis, Athanasios Kaditis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective:  Conflicting data indicate that frequency of monosymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis (NE) may increase in parallel with severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in childhood. In the present study, it was hypothesized that NE is associated with increased risk of moderate-to-severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index-AHIg5 episodes/h) among children with snoring referred for polysomnography.  Methods:  Data of children with snoring and age ≥ 5 years who were referred for a sleep study by primary care physicians over a period of 12 years were reviewed.  Results:  Data of 525 children with mean age (± standard deviation) 7.5 (± 2.2) years and median AHI (10 th -90 th  percentiles) 1.9 episodes/h (0.4-7.3 episodes/h) were analyzed. Three hundred and fifty five of the 525 children (67.6%) had NE (urine incontinence ≥ 1 night/week) and 87 (16.6%) had moderate-to-severe OSA. There was no interaction between NE and gender regarding the association with moderate-to-severe OSA (P=0.06). NE was associated with presence of moderate-to-severe OSA after adjustment for tonsillar hypertrophy, obesity, gender and age [adjusted OR = 1.92 (1.08-3.43); p=0.03]. Presence of NE had high sensitivity (78.2%) and low positive predictive value (19.2%) for detecting moderate-to-severe OSA along with low specificity (34.5%) and high negative predictive value (88.8%) for ruling it out.  Conclusions:  Children with snoring and without NE referred for polysomnography are less likely to have OSA of more than mild severity compared to those with NE.
Effect of nitric oxide on in vitro responsiveness of bovine bronchus and pulmonary vessels
Authors: W Zhao, H Guenard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Experiments were conducted in bovine isolated bronchi and pulmonary vessels to test whether nitric oxide (NO) could reduce carbachol and hypoxia or KCl (120 mM) induced contraction. Segments of bronchus or pulmonary vessels were slipped around a water-filled balloon connected to a pressure transducer, and mounted in 3 ml thermostated chamber filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution equilibrated with different gas mixtures. NO-CO2-N2 mixtures containing 10, 50 or 100 ppm NO were prepared. The effect of methylene blue on intrinsic tone and the bias effect of residual red blood cells were assessed. The results demonstrate that NO has no obvious effect on the intrinsic tone, the force generated by carbachol stimulation, or the spontaneous relaxation after removal of carbachol, in bronchi, with the exception of 100 ppm which increased the relaxing rate in small bronchi. By contrast, 50 and 100 ppm NO caused 53 and 61% decrease in the hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial contraction, respectively. One hundred ppm NO caused 40, 38, 50 and 66% decrease in the KCl-induced contraction in pulmonary artery (PA), small pulmonary artery (SPA), small pulmonary vein (SPV) and pulmonary vein (PV), respectively. Sodium nitroprusside (10(-5) M) and isoproterenol (10(-5) M) reduced the carbachol-induced increase in bronchial pressure by 80% and nearly 100%, respectively. The residual concentration of haemoglobin in the chamber cannot explain the lack of effect of NO on the bronchi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Oral tongue cancer in patients less than 45 years old: institutional experience and comparison with older patients.
Authors: N Siegelmann-Danieli, A Hanlon, J A Ridge, R Padmore, D A Fein, C J Langer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To evaluate the demographics, differential risk profile, and treatment outcome in patients with squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the oral tongue according to age at diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with invasive SCC of the oral tongue who presented during the years 1985 to 1996 were identified using institutional tumor registry data. Demographics and clinical and pathologic characteristics were abstracted from the medical charts. RESULTS Eighty-eight patients were identified; 87 were included for analysis. Thirty patients were diagnosed at &lt; or = 45 years of age and 57 at &gt; or = 46 years. The groups showed comparable American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging and male predominance. Prior exposure to tobacco and/or alcohol was noted in 40% and 82% of younger and older patients, respectively (P &lt; .001); multiple smoking-related cancers occurred only in older patients (24.5% of older patients, P &lt; .001). With median follow-up time of 29 months (younger group) and 21 months (older group), there were no significant differences in relapse rates, cancer-free survival (CFS), and overall survival (OS) rates (actuarial 5-year CFS rate, 48% and 54% in the younger and older patients, respectively; P = .91). Grouping patients according to smoking and/or alcohol history showed a trend toward better CFS in those with prior exposure to tobacco or alcohol compared with those with neither (5-year CFS rate, 60% and 38%, respectively, P = .11). In a multivariate analysis of all patients, with age used as a continuous parameter, only stage predicted CFS (P = .0019); for patients treated surgically with curative intent, only risk group predicted CFS (P = .0369). CONCLUSION Prognosis of oral tongue SCC was not affected by age at diagnosis. CFS rates tended to be worse in cases not related to prior tobacco or alcohol exposure. Multiple smoking-related cancers occurred only in older patients.