tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Decreased expression of liver glutathione peroxidase in Long-Evans cinnamon mutant rats predisposed to hepatitis and hepatoma
Authors: Hiroshi Suemizu, Shinichi Yoshimura, Noritoshi Takeichi, Tetsuya Moriuchi
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The Long-Evans Cinnamon rat is a mutant strain that contracts hereditary hepatitis and, eventually, spontaneous hepatoma. Recently, abnormal copper accumulations in Long-Evans Cinnamon rat livers were shown to be genetically linked to the development of hepatitis. Because reduced glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes are known to play important roles in cellular resistance to transition metal toxicity, we determined the levels of reduced glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes in seven different tissues of Long-Evans Cinnamon and control Long-Evans Agouti rats. Of the enzymes examined, only hepatic glutathione peroxidase was markedly decreased in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats. Glutathione peroxidase content in the liver of Long-Evans Cinnamon rats was 39%, 53% and 58% of the control values at 9 (normal stage), 19 (acute hepatitis stage) and 27 (chronic hepatitis stage) wk of age, respectively. Northern-blot analysis revealed that messenger RNA levels of glutathione peroxidase in the livers of Long-Evans Cinnamon rats were about 40% of the control levels. The activity of glutathione S-transferase was slightly decreased in the livers of Long-Evans Cinnamon rats. These data suggest that the liver of the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat is poorly protected against active oxygen species, the production of which is enhanced in the presence of excess copper. Glutathione-reductase activity in the livers of Long-Evans Cinnamon rats increased to 166% and 148% of the control levels at 19 and 27 wk of age, respectively. No significant changes were observed in the activity of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase or in the content of total reduced glutathione in the liver of the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat. The changes in activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat livers resembled those observed during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. (Hepatology 1994;19:694-700).
Age Factor in Epilepsy
Authors: Frederic A. Gibbs, Erna L. Gibbs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE brain is usually considered to be a structure.One does not intuitively recognize that structure depends on biochemical processes and that the development of structure and its maintenance are biochemical. Significant alterations occur when, and only when, biochemical processes are altered. The slowly changing, geometrically stable portions of the total biochemical system provide the optical and mechanical properties to which the term structure is attached. Function is the term applied to the changeable, highly unstable portions of the biochemical system. Viewed from a molecular level, structure and function differ only in the spacing of atoms, the arrangement of charges . . .
Abstract 5208: MiR-22 is frequently down-regulated in medulloblastomas, and inhibits cell proliferation <i>via</i> the novel target PAPST1
Authors: Qing-Fu Xu, Jesse Chung-sean Pang, Hui Yang, Sheng-Qing Lv, Hiroko Ohgaki
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Medulloblastoma (WHO grade IV) is the most frequent malignant CNS tumor in children. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that target protein-coding mRNAs that play roles in a variety of cellular processes through regulating multiple target genes. In the present study, we analyzed miR-22 expression and its effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis in medulloblastomas. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed significantly lower expression of miR-22 in 19/25 (76%) medulloblastomas, D341, DAOY and ONS-76 medulloblastoma cells and primary cultured medulloblastomas cells, compared to normal cerebellum. Forced expression of miR-22 by lentiviral vector transfection reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in DAOY and ONS-76 cells. DAOY cells with miR-22 overexpression in nude mice yielded tumors smaller than those originated from control DAOY cells. Microarray analysis in DAOY cells with forced miR-22 expression showed significant changes in expression profiles; PAPST1 being the most significantly (10-fold) down-regulated gene. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed PAPST1 up-regulation in 18/25 (72%) medulloblastomas. Furthermore, the results of luciferase reporter assay in ONS-76 cells suggested that miR-22 directly targets the PAPST1 gene. Thus, frequently down-regulated miR-22 expression is associated with cell proliferation in medulloblastomas, at least in part via PAPST1, which is a novel target of miR-22. Citation Format: Qing-Fu Xu, Jesse Chung-sean Pang, Hui Yang, Sheng-Qing Lv, Hiroko Ohgaki. MiR-22 is frequently down-regulated in medulloblastomas, and inhibits cell proliferation via the novel target PAPST1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5208. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5208
Is it possible to "achieve a balance" and meet the "safety net"? Paediatric Advisory Subcommittee to the North West Thames Regional Health Authority.
Authors: S. A. Jones, I. Kovar, M. Williams, D. Bentley
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The government's document Hospital Medical Staffing--Achieving a Balance--Plan for Action introduced the concept of a "safety net"--that is, a minimum safe level of staffing--of junior doctors in the acute specialties. The North West Thames Paediatric Advisory Group has therefore reviewed the implications and consequences of implementing the safety net in respect of children's services. The group found that if a reasonable safety net was to be provided that enabled the services to stay within the projected junior staffing levels, maintain a balance, meet training needs, and reduce junior doctors' hours of work, then changes in the organisation of the services would be required. Examining the options available showed that to achieve a safety net within the projected numbers of junior staff at least six paediatric units in the region would have to close. It is doubtful if there is the political will to support the very radical changes that would be needed in the distribution of services if the government's recommendations in Achieving a Balance were to be implemented. The profession, the Department of Health, and the public must be made aware that the proposed changes in medical staffing will cause a fundamental change in the traditional pattern of delivery of health care.
An Address ON THE SCOTTISH MEDICAL CORPORATIONS AND THE PUBLIC WEAL: HOW THEY MIGHT DEVELOP A HEALTH CONSCIENCE: Read before the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh
Authors: T. S. Clouston
Journal: BMJ (1903)

three Scottish Medical Corporations-the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, and the Faculty of Physicianis and Surgeons of Glasgow-have each, by clarter and by Acts of Parliament, acquired certain important privileges, and have many duties to the profession of medicine and to the public.The powers granted to the corporations related to thehealtli of the people and the welfare of the State." Vita et Sanitas" was their motto.They bound into corporate strength the units of the profession of medicine, they "elevated its character and its dignity, " and they encouraged and advantaged medical science and learning.They originated and have continued to support the chief of the great schools of medicine of Scotland.Most of the leaders of surgely and medicine in Scotland in the past have belonged to those bodies, all this tending strongly towards the public good.A glance at their history shows that their conceptionis of duty have widened as time went on; they have, in fact, undergone a process of development and evolution.At the present time they are well organized, energetic bodies, full of zeal for the advancement of the profession of medieinie.They show no signs of senility.They have, on the whole, taken a wide view of their responsibilities, and have niot written "finality" on their aims.No one can read their charters and try to get at their spirit without seeing that they admit of a wider and more beneficial construction than appears at first sight, and thlis larger outlook has generally been taken.No doubt in lhundreds of years of existence there have been movements that seemed narrow and selfisl, but these were shiortlived.
Oral Acyclovir To Suppress Frequently Recurrent Herpes Labialis: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: James F. Rooney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To determine whether oral acyclovir reduces the incidence of recurrent herpes labialis in otherwise healthy patients with proven frequently recurrent disease. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Setting: Outpatient facility of the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Patients: Fifty-six otherwise healthy adults who reported frequently recurrent herpes labialis (≥ 6 episodes/y) were enrolled into the study. During a 4-month observation period, 22 patients had herpes labialis two or more times and were eligible for study treatment. Interventions: Twenty-two patients were randomized to receive either acyclovir, 400 mg twice daily, or matched placebo for 4 months. After the first treatment period, patients were given the alternate treatment for another 4 months and were then taken off study medication to observe the first post-treatment recurrence. Recurrent outbreaks were determined by examination and by viral culture. Results: Twenty patients completed blind treatment with both acyclovir and placebo. The median time to first clinically documented recurrence was 46 days for placebo courses and 118 days for acyclovir courses (P = 0.05). The mean number of recurrences per 4-month treatment period was 1.80 episodes per patient during placebo treatment and 0.85 episodes per patient during acyclovir treatment (P = 0.009). The mean number of virologically confirmed recurrences per patient was 1.40 with placebo therapy compared with 0.40 with acyclovir (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Oral acyclovir, 400 mg twice daily, is effective in suppressing herpes labialis in immunocompetent adults confirmed to have frequently recurrent infection. Treatment with acyclovir in this study resulted in a 53% reduction in the number of clinical recurrences and a 71% reduction in virus culture-positive recurrences compared with placebo therapy.
Morphometry of the liver after liver transplantation in the rat: Significance of an intact arterial supply
Authors: Delai Zhao, Arthur Zimmermann, Anthony M. Wheatley
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Two models of orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat currently used are with and without reconstruction of the hepatic artery. The aim of this study was to assess the importance of the arterial blood supply to liver structure after orthotopic liver transplantation with advanced morphometric methods. Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed in male Lewis rats, of which 11 underwent reconstruction of the hepatic artery and 11 did not. A group of untreated controls (n = 5) and a group of animals with hepatic artery ligation (n = 4) were included. Eight weeks after surgery liver tissue was harvested and subjected to systematic random sampling. A point-counting method was used, volume fractions of tissue components were determined. Liver samples from rats that underwent hepatic artery reconstruction had preserved lobular architecture, and estimated bile duct (0.71% +/- 0.33% [S.D.]) and connective tissue (1.89% +/- 0.52%) volumes were not significantly different from those of controls (bile duct, 0.34% +/- 0.17%; connective tissue, 0.70% +/- 0.07%). In contrast, liver samples from rats that did not undergo hepatic artery reconstruction showed bile duct proliferation (7.19% +/- 4.83%; p < 0.05) and an increase in connective tissue volume (7.54% +/- 3.68%; p < 0.05) associated with a decrease in hepatocyte volume (controls, 87.3% +/- 0.3%; rats that underwent arterialization, 85.5% +/- 1.0%; rats that did not undergo arterialization, 73.2% +/- 8.2% [p < 0.05]). Interestingly, hepatic artery ligation had no significant effect on any parameter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mechanism of ER Stress-Induced Brain Damage by IP3 Receptor
Authors: Takayasu Higo, Kozo Hamada, Chihiro Hisatsune, Nobuyuki Nukina, Tsutomu Hashikawa, Mitsuharu Hattori, Takeshi Nakamura, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Smoking While Pregnant
Authors: David M. DeMarini, R. Julian Preston
Journal: JAMA (2005)

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Response to Comment on: The ORIGIN Trial Investigators. Characteristics Associated With Maintenance of Mean A1C &amp;lt;6.5% in People With Dysglycemia in the ORIGIN Trial. Diabetes Care 2013;36:2915–2922
Authors: Matthew C. Riddle, Hertzel Gerstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We thank Drs. Esposito and Giugliano for their interest in the glycemic control results from ORIGIN (Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention) (1), and their recognition of the potential importance of our findings. Citing their own systematic reviews of literature, they point out that the ability of insulin treatment to attain good control of A1C levels is strongly related to the level of glycemic control at which the intervention begins (2). We agree that starting treatment with insulin glargine for study participants with overt diabetes at entry in ORIGIN was able to keep A1C below 7.0% …
257. VEGF Gene Transfered Bone Marrow Stromal Cells by Replication-Deficiet Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) Vector Can Improve the Neurological Deficits and Reduce the Infaction in Rat Ischemic Brain
Authors: Yoshihito Miki, Naosuke Nonoguchi, Naokado Ikeda, Ming-Zhu Zhao, Daisuke Furutama, Robert S. Coffin, Naosuke Nonoguchi, Shin-ichi Miyatake
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Recent animal studies demonstrated that some kind of growth factors can ameliorate neurological deficits and bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) transplantation also can improve neurological function after ischemic stroke. MSCs, including the primitive pluriopotent mesenchmal stem cell, are attractive targets for cell and gene therapy. When long-term stable expression of a potentially therapeutic transgene is desired, as is the case for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, it may be appropriate to employ some viral vectors. The main advantage of the gene-engineered MSCs autotransplantation is that inadvertent gene transfer into other cell, including antigen- presenting cells, can be virtually excluded and the immunological interference can be get around, which is not the case in most in vivo gene therapy settings. The purpose of this study is to make sure if VEGF gene transfered MSC by using a replication-deficient HSV-1 vector can achieve further therapeutic effect against ischemic cerebral diseases than native MSC. Material and method: For ex vivo gene transduction to rat MSCs, we used a recombinant replication-deficient HSV-1 vector "1764/4-/pR19". This vector is disabled by the deletion of ICP4 and ICP34.5 and the inactivation of VP16 and contains the pR19 expression cassette driving a gene of interest under the control of fusion promoters,latency associated transcript promoter, cytomegalovirus enhancer, and woodchuck posttranscriptional regulatory elements. We had confirmed that this vector had a high ability of efficient gene transduction into MSCs with little cytotoxicity. We prepared the VEGF gene transfered MSCs ex vivo at MOI 5, and they were directly transplanted into the rat lesioned brain, 24 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). As controls, we set the native MSCs group and PBS group. We used the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) to evaluate the neurological deficits and performed the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining to check the infarct volume. Results: VEGF gene-transferred MSCs group showed the remarkable improvement of neurological symptoms and apparent reducing of infarct volume in comparison with native MSCs group and PBS group. We will present the detail data of this study.
Osteo-Articular Sites of Brucellosis
Authors: J. Rotes-Querol
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

From 1927 to 1955 a series of 174 consecutive cases of brucellosis due to Brucella melitensis (sometimes called "Malta fever") was studied at the Barcelona University Medical Clinic of Prof. A. Pedro Pons.The duration and intensity of each case varied, but all showed or had shown a stage of acute brucellosis on which the clinical diagnosis was based.The laboratory diagnosis was based on the sero-agglutination, blood culture, intradermal re- action, and, in the latter cases, on the complementfixation test and the test of incomplete antibodies.Osteo-articular signs appeared in 148 cases (85 per cent.).This figure is about the same as that given by other writers who have studied this organism
In-hospital prognosis of patients with first nontransmural and transmural infarctions.
Authors: S Thanavaro, R J Krone, R E Kleiger, M A Province, J P Miller, V R deMello, G C Oliver
Journal: Circulation (1980)

We studied the in-hospital mortality and morbidity of 745 patients who had suffered a first myocardial infarction. One hundred twenty-four patients (16.6%) had nontransmural infarction and 621 (83.4%) had transmural infarction. Both groups of patients were similar in the distribution of age, sex, and coronary risk factors. Patients with nontransmural infarction had a significantly lower mortality (3% vs 11%, p less than 0.01) and a lower prevalence of premature ventricular complexes (81% vs 88%, p less than 0.05). The patients with transmural infarction were distributed evenly among the three subgroups with peak SGOT levels less than 120 units, 120-240 units and more than 240 units (31%, 34% and 35%, respectively), while most patients with nontransmural infarction (60%) had peak SGOT levels less than 120 units (p less than 0.0001). When the in-hospital mortality and morbidity were compared between the parallel subgroups, the prognosis of patients with the two types of infarctions was similar. This study shows that the peak SGOT level is more important than the type of infarction in determining the acute mortality and morbidity of first myocardial infarction.
Seminars for Physicians
Authors: Paul G. Rochmis
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recent marketing of several new antiarthritic medications, with the associated media fanfare and "education" seminars for physicians creates a concern that I would like to express. As competition between these nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents intensifies, the public is subjected to glowing reports in the media, in turn leading to a barrage of phone calls to the physician treating arthritic patients. What the public fails to comprehend is that most of these drugs are similar in structure or mechanism of action to others with which they are already familiar and, more often than not, offer no advantage in efficacy. They do offer a unit cost that I frankly find to be somewhat astounding, and without debating the economics of drug marketing I would like to register this concern. Having participated in seminars sponsored by drug companies, it is with trepidation that I offer my final concern, that the wooing
The Effect of Beta-Sympathetic Blockade on Arterial Oxygen Saturation in Fallot's Tetralogy
Authors: MICHAEL HONEY, DOUGLAS A. CHAMBERLAIN, JANE HOWARD
Journal: Circulation (1964)

In many patients with Fallot's tetralogy, the fall in arterial oxygen saturation that occurs during exercise can be reduced by prior administration of the beta-sympathetic blocking drug, pronethalol. In a few patients there is also a rise in arterial oxygen saturation at rest. During exercise, increased stimulation of beta-sympathetic receptors in the heart enhances myocardial contractility; this leads to more complete systolic emptying of the right ventricle, and increased systolic obstruction to ejection of blood into the pulmonary circulation by hypertrophied infundibular muscle. It is this dynamic component of the right ventricular outflow tract obstruction that is abolished or reduced by beta-sympathetic blockade. The phenomenon occurs most readily when valve or high infundibular stenosis is associated with infundibular muscle hypertrophy proximal to the organic obstruction, and can sometimes be demonstrated by angiocardiography. Beta-sympathetic blocking drugs may have a place in the treatment of cyanotic attacks in Fallot's tetralogy, and possibly in the long-term management of the patients in whom total correction has not yet been undertaken.
DETECTION OF IgE(IgND) SPECIFIC ANTIBODY (PROBABLY REAGIN) TO CASTOR-BEAN ALLERGEN BY THE RED-CELL-LINKED ANTIGEN-ANTIGLOBULIN REACTION
Authors: R.R.A. Coombs, A. Hunter, W.E. Jonas, H. Bennich, S.G.O. Johansson, R. Panzani
Journal: The Lancet (1968)
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE TWO PLEURAL SACS, WITH LUNGS SHOWING TUBERCULOSIS HEALED AFTER THORACOPLASTY
Authors: Charles R. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Demonstrable interpleural communications in man are notably uncommon. The anatomic basis of such natural and spontaneous phenomena is not clear. However, the basis for possible rupture or mechanical break does exist in the anatomic structure of the mediastinum. This has been studied in some detail by Nitsch, 1 who described two  places in the structure of the mediastinum—one posterior to the upper portion of the sternum at the level of the second, third and fourth ribs, and the second in the posterior inferior portion of the mediastinum near the level of the eighth rib. When there is a pneumothorax with high pressure or when a pleural exudate is present, the mediastinum in the latter region may bulge to the opposite side, suggesting hernia. In the presence of pneumothorax with excessive pressure, particularly if adhesions are present, the possibility of a pleural tear in either of the weak places must
Widow can be inseminated with husband's sperm
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Diane Blood, the widow fighting to have her dead husband's baby, looks virtually certain to be allowed to undergo artificial insemination with his semen after a key ruling by the Court of Appeal last week.

Three judges, headed by the master of the rolls, Lord Woolf, ruled that Mrs Blood could be inseminated with …