tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bioethics needs to rethink its agenda
Authors: L. Turner
Journal: BMJ (2004)

What issues belong at the top of the agenda in bioethics? What important topics are commonly ignored? Does bioethics matter? As someone who writes about bioethics one of the lessons I have learnt is that the articles that typically attract the attention of editors and readers are the manuscripts addressing “sexy” topics. Ambitious researchers in bioethics know that if they want to obtain research funds and draw attention to their work they should focus on such topics as embryonic stem cell research, germ line gene therapy, and therapeutic and reproductive cloning. These topics practically sell themselves.

Not long ago researchers examining ethical issues in medicine and health care had a different focus. In the 1980s and 1990s the study of ethical issues in palliative care generated hundreds of articles, as doctors, philosophers, and lawyers addressed such topics as the withdrawal of fluids and nutrition, …
Early Lethality, Functional NF-κB Activation, and Increased Sensitivity to TNF-Induced Cell Death in TRAF2-Deficient Mice
Authors: Wen-Chen Yeh, Arda Shahinian, Daniel Speiser, Janine Kraunus, Filio Billia, Andrew Wakeham, José Luis de la Pompa, David Ferrick, Betty Hum, Norman Iscove, Pamela Ohashi, Mike Rothe, David V Goeddel, Tak Wah Mak
Journal: Immunity (1997)
Antiarrhythmic Effects of Tricyclic Antidepressants
Authors: Michael E. Thase
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We would like to add imipramine hydrochloride and the other tricyclic antidepressants to the list of newer antiarrhythmic drugs described by Drs Nademanee and Singh (1982;247:217). A standard antidepressant drug for more than 20 years, imipramine has been recently shown to have significant antiarrhythmic effects.<sup>1,2</sup>In one study of depressed patients with more than ten premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) per hour, arrhythmia suppression was greater than 90% in ten of 11 patients.<sup>2</sup>Based on studies done with animal models,<sup>3,4</sup>imipramine and its metabolites shorten action-potential duration, similar to lidocaine or mexiletine, and decrease conduction velocity and maximal velocity, like procainamide hydrochloride or quinidine sulfate. Imipramine would therefore be considered a class 1 antiarrhythmic drug. Although other clinically used tricyclic antidepressants share these properties,<sup>3</sup>it seems possible, partly based on our experience, that imipramine has the greatest antiarrhythmic potency. The half-life of imipramine is
Psychological problems in the family members of gravely traumatised patients admitted into an intensive care unit
Authors: M. A. Pérez-San Gregorio, A. Blanco-Picabia, F. Murillo-Cabezas, J. M. Domínguez-Roldán, B. Sánchez, A. Núñez-Roldán
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
Fatal Pneumonia Associated with Adenovirus Type 7 in Three Military Trainees
Authors: Burton A. Dudding, Stanley C. Wagner, Jack A. Zeller, John T. Gmelich, George R. French, Franklin H. Top
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Despite its relatively common occurrence in infants and young children, fatal pneumonia associated with adenovirus Type 7 (ADV-7) in previously healthy adults appears to be very rare. We observed three fatal cases in young male adults, previously in good health, while they were undergoing Army basic training. Each case was associated with absolute lymphopenia and followed a similar clinical course. In the terminal stages, multisystem disease, including disseminated intravascular coagulation, developed in all three. Post-mortem findings revealed extensive pulmonary damage, with bronchial epithelial necrosis, interstitial alveolar thickening and hyaline membranes; small vessels contained hyaline thrombi. ADV-7 was recovered from the upper respiratory tract of each man shortly after hospitalization and again, in high titer, from lung tissue obtained after death. Serum specimens obtained before death revealed high titers of ADV-7 neutralizing antibody.
Duodenal Variceal Bleeding Treated with a Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
Authors: P. Sort, I. Elizalde, I. Llach, F. Feu, J. C. Garcia-Pagan, J. M. Salmeron, A. Mas, J. Bosch, J. M. Bordas, J. Rodes
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)
Clinical Trial of Metronidazole, an Oral Trichomonacide
Authors: Maxwell Roland
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IT has been estimated that<i>Trichomonas vaginalis,</i>the organism most frequently encountered in association with leukorrhea and vaginitis, is harbored by one of every 5 women in the United States. Need for an effective drug to combat this annoying infection is obvious. Innumerable topical therapeutic agents tried in the past for treatment of trichomonal vaginitis afforded an occasional cure but only temporary symptomatic relief in the majority of cases. Failure with these agents is due to the fact that some trichomonads are located in areas other than the surface of the vagina or cervix. The purpose of this paper is to report a preliminary clinical evaluation of an orally effective drug, metronidazole, l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazole (Flagyl), in treatment of vaginitis in 50 private patients. Clinical investigators—first in France and later in England, Canada, and the United States—have all been enthusiastic about the high percentage of cures effected with this trichomonacide.<sup>2-5</sup> Material and
Annual Clinical Examination
Authors: Leo J. Mahoney, Bruce L. Bird, Gabriel M. Cooke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

MAMMOGRAPHY is a rewarding method of screening for breast cancer.1 However, surgeons have been disturbed by the fact that many clinically detected small solid breast lumps not demonstrated by mammography are found to be malignant on biopsy. We therefore carried out a prospective study to determine the sensitivity of four screening methods — annual clinical examination, mammography, thermography and breast self-examination — in the detection of cancer of the breast. Our results demonstrate that the most rewarding screening tool is clinical examination.MethodsFrom the patients referred to St. Michael's Hospital Breast Clinic over the past six years, we selected . . .
Clinical stem-cell sources contain CD8+CD3+ T-cell receptor–negative cells that facilitate bone marrow repopulation with hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Stephanie Bridenbaugh, Linda Kenins, Emilie Bouliong-Pillai, Christian P. Kalberer, Elena Shklovskaya, Alois Gratwohl, Aleksandra Wodnar-Filipowicz
Journal: Blood (2007)
Avulsion of Both Quadriceps Tendons in Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Edwin T. Preston
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This case of hyperparathyroidism also involves bilateral, simultaneous avulsions of the quadriceps tendon. The hyperparathyroidism was treated successfully by excision of an adenoma, and a delayed repair of the tendons was reasonably successful. It is uncertain why the avulsions occurred in the presence of this disease, but it may be related to bone resorption at the site of tendon insertion.
150. Pre-Existing Nab and Neutralization of Therapeutic Dose Adenovirus Serotypes In Vitro
Authors: Edward C. Nwanegbo, Wentao Gao, Andrea Gambotto, Paul Robbins
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Pre-existing Neutralizing antibody to adenoviral vectors is one of the limiting factors to the successful application of vectors in Gene Therapy. Studies have demonstrated a high and low prevalence of nab to Ad5 and Ad35 respectively in Africa, Asia, America, and Europe. While most report focused on the negative impact of this nab, a few have demonstrated successful gene transfer in the presence of nab. To further understand the Clinical implications of these findings, we studied the neutralization of Therapeutic and lower doses of the viruses using high and low concentration of pooled Human IgG and relate it to the existing titer of nab in the pooled Human IgG, Human Sera, and Sera from monkeys previously immunized and boosted with ad5 and ad35.
Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy to assess cardiac function in patients with cirrhosis before liver transplantation
Authors: A. Graziotto, M. Bassanello, P. Zucchetta, G. Maraglino, F. Bellotto, U. Cillo, S. Fagiuoli, A. Buda, M. Senzolo, M. Loreno, G. Certa, R. Naccarato, P. Burra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) gene mutations in pediatric T-cell malignancies
Authors: A Renneville, S Kaltenbach, E Clappier, S Collette, J-B Micol, B Nelken, P Lepelley, N Dastugue, Y Benoît, Y Bertrand, C Preudhomme, H Cavé
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Heroin addiction in the United Kingdom (1954-1964).
Authors: T. Bewley
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Indomethacin-Hart and Boardman BwrIuTH MIDCLJOURNAj. Side-effects on indomethacin capsules, at an average main- tenance dose of 75 mg.daily, occurred in 36.6% of patients in the mixed group.The common side-effects were headache, giddiness, muzziness, nausea, and vomiting.Dyspepsia was not a major problem, occurring in 7.92% of patients; it was only rarely dose-dependent and occurred at any time during long-term administration in contrast to the other side-effects, which were dependent on dose and developed almost always within the first 14 days of treatment. AddendumSince the completion of this study, one patient on indomethacin, 200 mg.daily, and prednisolone, 8 mg.daily, with a history of duodenal ulceration, present 20 years earlier, developed dyspepsia after six months on indomethacin.This was followed by a haematemesis which required blood transfusion.In many of the cases of haematemesis reported this combination of drugs was used.We would like to thank Dr. R.
In vivo behavior of neutrophils from two patients with distinct inherited leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndromes.
Authors: U H von Andrian, E M Berger, L Ramezani, J D Chambers, H D Ochs, J M Harlan, J C Paulson, A Etzioni, K E Arfors
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The selectins and the beta 2-integrins (CD11/CD18) mediate distinct adhesive interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are believed to initiate binding by mediating neutrophil rolling, whereas beta 2-integrins are required for subsequent activation-induced firm sticking and emigration. In vitro evidence suggests that two endothelial cell selectins, P- and E-selectin, can mediate rolling by binding to the carbohydrate ligand sialyl-Lewisx (sLex) on neutrophil surface glycoconjugates. To test the relative contribution of selectins and beta 2-integrins in vivo we used intravital microscopy to study the behavior of neutrophils from two patients with distinct inherited leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndromes. Neutrophils from a patient suffering from CD18 deficiency showed normal rolling behavior but were incapable of sticking or emigrating upon chemotactic stimulation. Neutrophils from a second patient with a newly described adhesion deficiency had normal CD18 but did not express sLex. These neutrophils rolled poorly and also failed to stick in venules under shear force. Under static conditions, however, chemoattractant-induced sticking and emigration could be observed. This demonstrates that both selectin-carbohydrate-mediated initiation of adhesion and subsequent activation-induced beta 2-integrin engagement are essential for the normal function of human neutrophils in vivo.
Turnover of human and monkey plasma kininogens in rhesus monkeys.
Authors: T Yamada, D A Wing, J V Pierce, G W Pettit
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The normal metabolic turnover of plasma kininogens was studied by measuring the disappearance of intravenously administered radiolabeled human and monkey plasma kininogens from the circulation of healthy adult rhesus monkeys. Curves obtained by plotting log radioactivity against time could be expressed as double exponential equations, with the first term representing diffusion, and the second, catabolism. No significant difference between the turnovers of human and monkey kininogens was observed. The difference between the t1/2 of high molecular weight kininogen (25.95 +/- 1.60 h) (mean +/- SEM) and that of low molecular weight kininogen (18.94 +/- 1.93 h) was only marginally significant (P less than 0.05). In contrast, a highly significant (P less than 0.001) difference in their mean catabolic rates (1.12 +/- 0.08 d-1 for high molecular weight kininogen vs. 2.07 +/- 0.09 d-1 for low molecular weight kininogen) was observed. These differences between the two kininogens were attributed to differences in their distribution between the intra- and extravascular pools. Studies of kininogen turnover will be useful in elucidating the in vivo functions of the various kininogens in health as well as during clinical illness.
Interferon for hepatitis B: US experience.
Authors: R P Perrillo
Journal: Gut (1993)

This paper reviews the results of recent studies carried out in the USA on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with interferon alfa-2b. In the US multicentre trial, 37% of patients lost hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA when treated with 5 million units (MU) daily for 16 weeks, compared to 42% in the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) trial treated with 10 MU thrice weekly for 16 weeks. In both studies, the loss of HBeAg and HBV-DNA was associated with virological, biochemical, histological, and clinical improvement. Long term follow up in the National Institutes of Health study showed that 65% of responders had disappearance of HBsAg over a mean of four years, suggesting that termination of the HBV carrier state may be possible.
Remarks on Colles' Fracture and on Fractures of the Same Part of the Lower End of the Radius
Authors: E. H. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1880)

THE examination of a large cllection of specimens of fractures of the lower end Qf the radius afords me the opportu-nity of discussing these injuries, with a fair prospect of being able to answer spme at least of the undecided questions'relating to them.I propose to deal-only with fractuties of the cancellated eextremity ofthe-hvei;, Cotles?s fsacture'and the Iesions' involving tite satme 'part, ontitting &ven the fracture just -above this region, usually-discussed in connection with it.I subimit, as the basis of' this study, sixty specimens of these injuries, tfrom the collection under mny charge in Trinity College, nad,, by the kindness of the Council of-' the koyal Collegh of 8urgeoxss, al't; able to show two.iost imtportant reeelt specimnes.iEvry sureon admits5 I believe,; the value oft.e tesearches of Professor R., W. Smith and of 'Voillemier in the pathology of these injuries, which have served to correct and complete the descriptions of Colles and gf Dupuytreab Since their views have-been published we find.authorities ranging themselves on opposite siles, accordingsithey adopt-the non4isnpaction
Activated Forms of VEGF-C and VEGF-D Provide Improved Vascular Function in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Andrey Anisimov, Annamari Alitalo, Petra Korpisalo, Jarkko Soronen, Seppo Kaijalainen, Veli-Matti Leppänen, Michael Jeltsch, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Kari Alitalo
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

The therapeutic potential of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D in skeletal muscle has been of considerable interest as these factors have both angiogenic and lymphangiogenic activities. Previous studies have mainly used adenoviral gene delivery for short-term expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in pig, rabbit, and mouse skeletal muscles. Here we have used the activated mature forms of VEGF-C and VEGF-D expressed via recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV), which provides stable, long-lasting transgene expression in various tissues including skeletal muscle. Mouse tibialis anterior muscle was transduced with rAAV encoding human or mouse VEGF-C or VEGF-D. Two weeks later, immunohistochemical analysis showed increased numbers of both blood and lymph vessels, and Doppler ultrasound analysis indicated increased blood vessel perfusion. The lymphatic vessels further increased at the 4-week time point were functional, as shown by FITC-lectin uptake and transport. Furthermore, receptor activation and arteriogenic activity were increased by an alanine substitution mutant of human VEGF-C (C137A) having an increased dimer stability and by a chimeric CAC growth factor that contained the VEGF receptor-binding domain flanked by VEGF-C propeptides, but only the latter promoted significantly more blood vessel perfusion when compared to the other growth factors studied. We conclude that long-term expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in skeletal muscle results in the generation of new functional blood and lymphatic vessels. The therapeutic value of intramuscular lymph vessels in draining tissue edema and lymphedema can now be evaluated using this model system.
Cannabis and the increased incidence and persistence of psychosis
Authors: W. Hall, L. Degenhardt
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Evidence suggests that cannabis precipitates schizophrenia in vulnerable people

Prospective studies in Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Sweden have found that regular use of cannabis is associated with an increased risk of psychotic symptoms and disorders in the general population.1 Some people have interpreted this as evidence that cannabis use is a contributory cause of psychoses.2 More sceptical researchers have argued that the association might be the result of residual confounding by—for example, the use of other drugs or genetic factors.3 Another possibility is that the association arises because people with psychosis use cannabis to self medicate their symptoms,2 even though evidence suggests that they use cannabis for much the same reasons as their peers without psychosis⇓.2



The results of the linked prospective study by Kuepper and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.d738) argue against these two alternative explanations.4 The authors excluded anyone who reported cannabis use or psychotic symptoms in the baseline survey so that they could examine the relation between incident cannabis use and incident psychotic …
Recombinant interferon alfa-2b treatment in chronic non-A, non-B/type C hepatitis.
Authors: V De Conca, S Mesiti, E Vallarino, A Mornese, M Dodero
Journal: Gut (1993)

In a study of 60 patients with non-A, non-B/type C (NANB/C) chronic hepatitis alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities returned to normal after treatment with interferon alfa-2b (3 million units for six months) in 70.7% and 29.3% did not respond. The response was maintained during four to six months, follow up in 41.4% of patients. Liver biopsy specimen showed histological improvement in all patients surveyed. Treatment was well tolerated with only mild side effects.
Toll-Like Receptor-4 Mediates Vascular Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Francis Kim, Matilda Pham, Ian Luttrell, Douglas D. Bannerman, Joan Tupper, Joshua Thaler, Thomas R. Hawn, Elaine W. Raines, Michael W. Schwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Vascular dysfunction is a major complication of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. The current studies were undertaken to determine whether inflammatory responses are activated in the vasculature of mice with diet-induced obesity, and if so, whether Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4), a key mediator of innate immunity, contributes to these responses. Mice lacking TLR4 (TLR4(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) controls were fed either a low fat (LF) control diet or a diet high in saturated fat (HF) for 8 weeks. In response to HF feeding, both genotypes displayed similar increases of body weight, body fat content, and serum insulin and free fatty acid (FFA) levels compared with mice on a LF diet. In lysates of thoracic aorta from WT mice maintained on a HF diet, markers of vascular inflammation both upstream (IKKbeta activity) and downstream of the transcriptional regulator, NF-kappaB (ICAM protein and IL-6 mRNA expression), were increased and this effect was associated with cellular insulin resistance and impaired insulin stimulation of eNOS. In contrast, vascular inflammation and impaired insulin responsiveness were not evident in aortic samples taken from TLR4(-/-) mice fed the same HF diet, despite comparable increases of body fat mass. Incubation of either aortic explants from WT mice or cultured human microvascular endothelial cells with the saturated FFA, palmitate (100 micromol/L), similarly activated IKKbeta, inhibited insulin signal transduction and blocked insulin-stimulated NO production. Each of these effects was subsequently shown to be dependent on both TLR4 and NF-kappaB activation. These findings identify the TLR4 signaling pathway as a key mediator of the deleterious effects of palmitate on endothelial NO signaling, and are the first to document a key role for TLR4 in the mechanism whereby diet-induced obesity induces vascular inflammation and insulin resistance.
Heparin-Activated Clearing Factor
Authors: SAUL P. BAKER
Journal: Circulation (1957)

A possible relationship may exist between the concentration of heparin-activated plasma clearing factor and alterations in lipid metabolism associated with advancing age, atherosclerosis, and other diseases. To test this hypothesis, 121 men were evaluated in the development and application of a standardized in vitro method for the determination of clearing factor response to minimal heparin stimulation. Eighty-four men, ranging from 21 to 93 years, selected from this group, were evaluated in an age-wise study. Patients with diagnoses of recent myocardial infarction (presumptive evidence of coronary atherosclerosis), cirrhosis of the liver, and chronic alcoholism were also tested.
Gastrointestinal Disease in Primary Care
Authors: Jean-Pierre Raufman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Medical Writings: Book Notes19 December 2000Gastrointestinal Disease in Primary CareJean-Pierre Raufman, MDJean-Pierre Raufman, MDUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas. (Raufman)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-12-200012190-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Bilhartz LE, Croft CL, eds. 206 pages. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000. $39.95. ISBN 0683304445. Order phone 800-638-0672.Field of medicine: Primary care.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians.Purpose: To guide the primary care provider in diagnosis and management of common disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and liver.Content: Thirteen chapters describe the causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of common gastrointestinal and liver conditions, including gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcer, gallstones, hepatitis, pancreatitis, diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, diverticular disease, and ischemic colitis. Most chapters contain simplified tables and algorithms to guide diagnosis or treatment. Each ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas. (Raufman) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 December 2000Volume 133, Issue 12Page: 1012KeywordsAlgorithmsColorectal cancerHepatitisInflammatory bowel diseaseLiverLiver diseasesPancreatitisPeptic ulcersPrimary care physiciansSoftware tools ePublished: 19 December 2000 Issue Published: 19 December 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...