tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Native and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein on Endothelial Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Production
Authors: Luciana Vergnani, Stefan Hatrik, Franco Ricci, Angelina Passaro, Nadia Manzoli, Giovanni Zuliani, Viktor Brovkovych, Renato Fellin, Tadeusz Malinski
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Native and oxidized LDLs (n-LDL and ox-LDL) are involved in the atherogenic process and affect endothelium-dependent vascular tone through their interaction with nitric oxide (NO). Methods and Results —In this study we evaluated directly, by using a porphyrinic microsensor, the effect of increasing lipoprotein concentrations on endothelial NO and superoxide (O 2 − ) production. We investigated where lipoproteins may affect the l -arginine–NO pathway by pretreating cells with l -arginine, l - N -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and superoxide dismutase. Bovine aortic endothelial cells were exposed for 1 hour to increasing concentrations of n-LDL (from 0 to 240 mg cholesterol/dL) and ox-LDL (from 0 to 140 mg cholesterol/dL). A stimulated (calcium ionophore) NO concentration decreased to 29% of the control at n-LDL concentration of 80 mg cholesterol/dL and to 15% of the control at 20 mg cholesterol/dL of ox-LDL. l -Arginine partially neutralized the inhibitory effect of n-LDL and ox-LDL on the NO generation. Superoxide dismutase pretreatment did not modify NO production, whereas L-NAME blunted NO generation at all LDL concentrations. O 2 − production was increased at low n-LDL and very low ox-LDL concentrations; this was reversed by l -arginine. Conclusions —These findings confirm the inhibitory role of n-LDL and ox-LDL on NO generation and suggest that lipoproteins may induce a decreased uptake of l -arginine. The local depletion of the l -arginine substrate may derange the NO synthase, leading to overproduction of O 2 − from oxygen, the other substrate of NO synthase.
Collaborative Provision of Aftercare Services
Authors: ROBERT M. PRINCE, RAYMOND E. ACKERMAN, BARBARA S. BARKSDALE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Data obtained from mental health clinics and private physicians serving 1,182 chronic psychotic patients demonstrated that group methods not only make more efficient use of manpower but are also significantly more effective than traditional individual methods in the aftercare of these patients. State-level assistance was shown to be quite helpful in improving community-level aftercare programs.
1006-57 Atherosclerotic plaque can be quantified using multifractal and wavelet decomposition techniques
Authors: Liberty O Yaneza, Robert J Chilton, Edmund K Kerut, Dimitrios Charalampidis, Dwight Chrisman, Michael S Lujan, Carlos Leon Alviar, Thomas D Giles, Robert A O'Rourke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Smoke and Mirrors
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Monocyte diversity heals hearts
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

It takes two to heal a wounded heart. Nahrendorf et al. (page 3037) now find that two sets of monocytes are involved in the healing: one type mops up injury debris and the other then helps repair the damage.






Figure 1

An injured heart remains scarred and deformed (right) when it is unable to recruit a clean-up crew of inflammatory monocytes.




Circulating monocytes recruited to an injured heart break down dead cells and scoop up their toxic products. This inflammation is followed by reconstruction, when monocyte cytokines promote blood vessel growth and recruit healing fibroblasts.

Previous studies suggested that a single monocyte population accomplishes both these functions by switching from clean-up mode to repair mode. But the recent identification of two monocyte subsets in the circulation, only one of which is inflammatory, implies otherwise. Each subset has its own unique receptors that respond to different chemokine signals.

Nahrendorf et al. now find that damaged hearts in mice recruit the two subsets in turn by secreting only one chemokine at a time. The first chemokine drew in inflammatory monocytes, which accumulated in the injured heart for three days and then disappeared. The pro-repair subset arrived later to help rebuild the heart.

Mice suffering from atherosclerosis—the main cause of human heart failure—have many inflammatory monocytes. Their injured hearts thus remained scarred and deformed. It is possible that a similar imbalance in humans predisposes these individuals to heart failure.
Atlas of Human Glomerular Pathology: Correlative Light, Immunofluorescence, and UItrastructural Histology
Authors: Cecil Krakower
Journal: JAMA (1975)

As recently as two decades ago, not enough was known about renal glomerular disease for anyone to have written a monograph-atlas on that organelle. The information was limited to material obtained at necropsy and studied by light microscopy. The widespread use since then of percutaneous renal biopsy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy has vastly expanded our knowledge of glomerular disease, making it possible for such a monograph-atlas to be written. In fact, the author of this atlas has devoted 3 1/2 pages of text to a tabular listing of diseases of the glomerulus. The book is organized under the broad headings of (1) glomerulonephritis—diffuse proliferative, focal, membranoproliferative, progressive crescentic proliferative, and chronic lobular; (2) glomerulopathies—focal sclerosing, stalk, membranous, and minimal change; and (3) miscellaneous, and a variety of other diseases such as diabetes and amyloidosis. There is a good discussion of the anatomical changes of the diseases under each heading or
THE ROLE OF DISULFIDE BONDS IN THE COMPLEMENT-FIXING AND PRECIPITATING PROPERTIES OF 7S RABBIT AND SHEEP ANTIBODIES
Authors: Peter H. Schur, Gary D. Christian
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

The number of total disulfide bonds in rabbit and sheep 7S gamma globulin, before and after treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, has been measured by amperometric titration. Mercaptan reduction could diminish the complement-fixing efficiency of 7S rabbit gamma globulin by no more than 90 per cent without any significant decrease in maximal complement-fixing ability. This was associated with the reduction of only 7 disulfide bonds, including 1 interchain disulfide bond [S-S((1))]. The reduction of 7 disulfide bonds in 7S sheep gamma globulin was associated with a 64 per cent decrease in complement-fixing efficiency, while reduction of 10 to 11 disulfide bonds decreased the complement-fixing efficiency by 90 per cent. Reduction of more disulfide bonds was not associated with any further decrease in complement-fixing efficiency, nor of any decrease in maximal complement-fixing ability. The reduction of more than 10 to 11 disulfide bonds in 7S rabbit and sheep gamma globulins was associated with a decrease in precipitating ability. The disulfide bonds which are more labile to mercaptan reduction appear to be associated with complement-fixing efficiency while the disulfide bonds which are more resistant to mercaptan reduction appear to be associated with precipitating ability. The measurement of interpolypeptide chain disulfide bonds has been discussed. One easily reduced interchain disulfide bond [S-S((1))] appears to be important for the complement-fixing efficiency of 7S rabbit antibody. The integrity of this same bond is essential for the precipitating ability of 5S rabbit antibody and may also be important for its complement-fixing ability.
Reduction in urea distribution volume over time in clinically stable dialysis patients
Authors: S. Di Filippo, S. Andrulli, S. Mangano, I. Baragetti, A. Masa, G. Di Filippo, C. Mura, J. Nachtigal, M. Baruffaldi, F. Barbisoni, R. Cravero, S. Agliata, K. Amar, P. Faranna, F. Locatelli
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein RKIP Enhances Signaling by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β
Authors: Fahd Al-Mulla, Milad S. Bitar, May Al-Maghrebi, Abdulla I. Behbehani, Waleed Al-Ali, Oliver Rath, Brendan Doyle, Kit Yee Tan, Andrew Pitt, Walter Kolch
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is a physiologic inhibitor of c-RAF kinase and nuclear factor κB signaling that represses tumor invasion and metastasis. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) suppresses tumor progression by downregulating multiple oncogenic pathways including Wnt signaling and cyclin D1 activation. Here, we show that RKIP binds GSK3 proteins and maintains GSK3β protein levels and its active form. Depletion of RKIP augments oxidative stress–mediated activation of the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, which, in turn, inactivates GSK3β by phosphorylating it at the inhibitory T390 residue. This pathway de-represses GSK3β inhibition of oncogenic substrates causing stabilization of cyclin D, which induces cell-cycle progression and β-catenin, SNAIL, and SLUG, which promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition. RKIP levels in human colorectal cancer positively correlate with GSK3β expression. These findings reveal the RKIP/GSK3 axis as both a potential therapeutic target and a prognosis-based predictor of cancer progression. Cancer Res; 71(4); 1334–43. ©2011 AACR.
Italian doctors strike over threat to break up state health service
Authors: Fabio Turone
Journal: BMJ (2004)

An estimated 90% of GPs working in Italy's national health service took part in a one day strike on 16 April to protest about the government's proposed devolution of the service.

But doctors say that devolving power to the regions would result in 21 small and under-financed regional health services, which would widen inequalities and compromise overallefficiency.

“Better to go a few days without your GP now than risk spending the rest of your life without one” was the slogan coined by Dr Mario Falconi, secretary of …
Cytokine Signals Are Sufficient for HIV-1 Infection of Resting Human T Lymphocytes
Authors: Derya Unutmaz, Vineet N. KewalRamani, Shana Marmon, Dan R. Littman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Lentiviral vectors have been advocated to be effective vehicles for the delivery and stable expression of genes in nondividing primary cells. However, certain cell types, such as resting T lymphocytes, are resistant to infection with HIV-1. Establishing parameters for stable gene delivery into primary human lymphocytes and approaches to overcome the resistance of resting T cells to HIV infection may permit potential gene therapy applications, genetic studies of primary cells in vitro, and a better understanding of the stages of the lentiviral life cycle. Here we demonstrate that an HIV-1–derived vector can be used for stable delivery of genes into activated human T cells as well as natural killer and dendritic cells. Remarkably, a sizeable fraction of resting T cells was stably transduced with the HIV-1 vector when cultured with the cytokine interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, or IL-15, or, at a lower level, with IL-6, in the absence of any other stimuli. Resting T cells stimulated with these cytokines could also be infected with replication-competent HIV-1. To test the utility of this system for performing structure–function analysis in primary T cells, we introduced wild-type as well as a mutant form of murine CD28 into human T cells and showed a requirement for the CD28 cytoplasmic domain in costimulatory signaling. The ability to stably express genes of interest in primary T cells will be a valuable tool for genetic and structure–function studies that previously have been limited to transformed cell lines. In addition, the finding that cytokine signals are sufficient to permit transduction of resting T cells with HIV may be relevant for understanding mechanism of HIV-1 transmission and pathogenesis.
THE MANAGEMENT OF LABOR BY EXTERNAL EXAMINATION.
Authors: KARL F. M. SANDBERG
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The greatest danger that threatens an obstetric case is septic infection. In comparison with this one other dangers fall into insignificance. The main channel of entrance for the septic material is the vaginal canal. It may attack any laceration or abrasion in any part of this, or simply pass through it into the uterus. The most common carriers of infection in obstetric cases are foreign bodies introduced into the vaginal canal, such as douche points, fingers or hands, instruments, lubricants, etc. Air and auto-infection are generally admitted to be rare, and the principal factors of contact infection are those mentioned. The principal aim of the Obstetric Staff of the Health Department should be to avoid puerperal infection in the practice of its members and to aid and assist the midwives, and perhaps other practitioners, in the avoidance of the same. While the antiseptic and aseptic eras have witnessed a most
462 HYPOXIC HEPATITIS – UNDERLYING CONDITIONS AND RISK FACTORS FOR MORTALITY IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS
Authors: V. Fuhrmann, N. Kneidinger, H. Herkner, G. Heinz, M. Nikfardjam, A. Bojic, P. Schellongowski, B. Angermayr, R. Kitzberger, J. Warszawska, U. Holzinger, P. Schenk, C. Madl
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Consumers Association calls for better information for patients
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Primary care trusts need to appoint information brokers to help explain a patient's condition to them, rather than expect hard pressed GPs to be able to spend time doing so, says the Consumers' Association.

The proposal is one of a series of suggestions in a report published this week that outlines research into the changing needs of a public that is increasingly well informed about health issues.

“Some health professionals can find this quite a challenge, not least when time is limited,” said Wendy Garlick, principal policy adviser with the association and author of the report. …
SCREENING DATA FROM THE CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY NATIONAL SERVICE CENTER SCREENING LABORATORIES. XXVI.
Authors: Joseph Leiter, B. J. Abbott, Saul A. Schepartz
Journal: Cancer Research (1965)

Abstract  Data are reported on 1494 synthetic compounds which were tested in the CCNSC primary screens. Almost all of the compounds were tested in Sarcoma 180, Carcinoma 755, Leukemia 1210, and KB cells in culture; some tests were also carried out in Friend virus leukemia. Data are reported only on compounds which have not demonstrated sufficient activity in these systems to warrant further investigation.
Hyperglycemic, Hyperosmolar, Nonketotic Coma in a Ketosis-Prone Juvenile Diabetic
Authors: MYRON LOTZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

A 24-year-old juvenile diabetic with many episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis presented with hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar, nonketotic coma that progressed rapidly to death despite vigorous conventional therapy with hypotonic fluids, insulin, and potassium.
Gene Therapy for SCID-X1: Focus on Clinical Data
Authors: Christopher Baum
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

A recent report by Gaspar et al. summarizes the clinical long-term follow-up (LTFU) of 10 patients presenting with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1) who were treated with first-generation gamma-retroviral vectors to reconstitute the expression of the interleukin-2 receptor common γ-chain (IL2RG) in autologous hematopoietic cells.1 As in a related study of nine patients conducted by Hacein-Bey-Abina et al.,2 the children enrolled in this study had no human leukocyte antigen–matched donor, thus reducing the safety and effectiveness of an allogeneic stem cell transplant.
Computers in Medicine
Authors: Colin P. Kerr
Journal: JAMA (1983)

IT IS time for an office practitioner to comment on the rash of recent literature on computers in medicine.<sup>1-4</sup>Indeed, it is appropriate to ask if many office practitioners read these articles with any practical interest. INTERNIST-1, the chest pain protocol, INFERNET, ONCOCIN, and so on are unlikely to be used by most of us. As their respective authors correctly point out, they are at present mainly research tools, and teach us a lot about how medical reasoning works—principally from the computers' shortcomings. Thus, it is comforting to learn that INTERNIST-1 also has difficulty reasoning temporally, anatomically, and pathophysiologically at the same time. Nonetheless, it is clear that computers are here to stay, and not just at busy emergency rooms or the university hospitals. Because of the incredible price breakthroughs, it is likely that<i>every</i>medical practice will employ or share one within the next few years. The computer
Comment on Zhang et al. Second-Line Agents for Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes: Are Newer Agents Better? Diabetes Care 2014;37:1338–1345
Authors: Jay Bae, Bradley H. Curtis, David M. Kendall, Robert J. Heine
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We read with great interest the article by Zhang et al. (1) in which they compared in a model four second-line treatment strategies following metformin monotherapy: sulfonylurea, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, GLP-1 agonist, and insulin. They concluded that all strategies produced similar glycemic benefits, but favored sulfonylurea from a treatment cost perspective. Diabetes models are used to simulate outcomes that cannot be directly observed during clinical trials. The results are often used by payers to inform formulary decisions and, as such, diabetes models play an increasingly important role on the availability of therapeutic options to both patients and prescribers. …
A second-person approach cannot explain intentionality in social understanding
Authors: Chris Moore, Markus Paulus
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract A second-person approach that prioritizes dyadic emotional interaction is not well equipped to explain the origins of the understanding of mind conceived as intentionality. Instead, the critical elements that will deliver the understanding of self and other as persons with intentionality are shared object-centered interactions that include not only emotional engagement, but also joint attention and joint goal-directed action.
Arthritis and Allied Conditions: A Textbook of Rheumatology
Authors: Robert A. Greenwald
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The 11th edition of this classic compendium of rheumatologic knowledge should be reviewed in the context of its intended audience (the specialist's reference shelf, library patrons, and the board-eligible fellowship graduate) and its competition (<i>Textbook of Rheumatology</i>, by Kelley et al, 3rd ed, WB Saunders Co, 1989). As a framework for review, in addition to skimming the entire volume, 1(1) specifically looked up (in both books) the first five interesting topics that arose during rounds and (2) carefully read several scientific chapters as if I were a seminaive recent graduate studying for the internal medicine boards rite of passage. I expected the clinical chapters to be useful to the experienced as well as the recently trained clinician, whereas the basic science chapters should be oriented more toward the student, resident, or fellow. In the first category, I started with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is given short shrift in
Hungarian university starts first migration medicine course
Authors: C. Kovacs
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The world's first postgraduate programme in migration medicine is planned to start later this year at Hungary's University Medical School of Pecs.

The one year course has been developed in partnership with the Geneva based International Organisation for Migration (IOM) and leads to a master of science degree in migration medicine. It is designed for clinicians and medical administrators participating in the health assessment of migrants and in the development of programmes and policies affecting …
Abstract 455: Hypoxia induced carbonic anhydrase IX is essential for the growth and metastasis of breast tumors
Authors: Yuanmei Lou, Paul C. McDonald, Arusha Oloumi, Stephen Chia, Alastair Kyle, Ulrich auf dem Keller, Abbas Fotovati, Virginia Gray, Samuel Leung, David Huntsman, Blaise Clarke, Dawn Waterhouse, Marcel Bally, Calvin Roskelley, Christopher Overall, Andrew Minchinton, Claudiu T. Supuran, Shoukat Dedhar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Metastasis of primary malignancies is a multi-step process and remains the principal cause of cancer deaths. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a hypoxia inducible protein and a poor prognostic marker for several types of cancer, including breast cancer. However, the functional role of CAIX in the metastatic progression of breast cancer is unclear. Here, we have investigated its role in the growth and metastasis of breast tumors. Orthotopic mouse mammary tumors derived from metastatic 4T1 and 66cl4 cells or non-metastatic 67NR cells were examined for levels of proliferation (BrdU), hypoxia, (pimonidazole), perfusion (DiOC7), vasculature (CD31), apoptosis (TUNEL) and lymphangiogenesis (LYVE-1). Metastatic 4T1 and 66cl4 tumors expressed a hypoxia gene signature and were characterized as being poorly vascularized, with high levels of hypoxia. Large numbers of apoptotic cells and well developed intratumoral lymphatic vessels were also evident. Inhibition of expression of CAIX in the metastatic 4T1 cells by stable expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) resulted in cell death and reversal of extracellular acidosis in hypoxia in vitro, dramatic regression of tumors in vivo, and inhibition of metastasis. These properties were rescued by constitutive expression of human CAIX. Treatment of mice harboring 4T1 tumors with a novel CAIX-specific inhibitor resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth. Interrogation by immunohistochemistry of a large (3992 patient samples) primary breast tumor tissue microarray showed that CAIX expression was significantly associated with worse distant relapse free survival (p&amp;lt;10−16) and was most prominent in the basal breast cancers (51%). Our data show that CAIX-mediated function is required for the survival and metastasis of hypoxic breast tumors, and suggest that CAIX is a promising therapeutic target for metastatic breast cancer. This work was supported by the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance, with special funding from the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 455.
Researchers funded by NIH are failing to make data available
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Most researchers who are funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) do not provide free public access to their papers by posting them on PubMed Central, says an NIH report. Mandatory posting may be necessary to ensure that free access is given in future, says the report.

Prodded by federal departments and Congressional committees, the NIH last year announced a policy on public access to increase the availability of research that it funds. It asked …