tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Low Temperatures on Bittner Virus of Mouse Carcinoma
Authors: I. Mann
Journal: BMJ (1949)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The SARS-CoV2 pandemic has caused high inpatient mortality and morbidity throughout the world. COVID19 convalescent plasma has been utilized as a potential therapy for patients hospitalized with COVID19 pneumonia. This study evaluated the outcomes of hospitalized COVID19 patients treated with COVID19 convalescent plasma in a prospective, observational multicenter trial. <h3>Methods</h3> From April 2020 through August 2020, hospitalized COVID19 patients at 16 participating hospitals in Colorado were enrolled and treated with COVID19 convalescent plasma (CCP) and compared to hospitalized patients with COVID19 who were not treated with convalescent plasma. Plasma antibody levels were determined following the trial given that antibody tests were not approved at the initiation of the trial. CCP-treated and untreated COVID19 hospitalized patients were matched using propensity scores followed by analysis for length of hospitalization and inpatient mortality. <h3>Results</h3> 542 total hospitalized COVID19 patients were enrolled at 16 hospitals across the region. A total of 468 hospitalized COVID19 patients were entered into propensity score matching with 188 patients matched for analysis in the CCP-treatment and control arms. Fine-Gray models revealed increased length of hospital stay in CCP-treated patients and no change in inpatient mortality compared to controls. In subgroup analysis of CCP-treated patients within 7 days of admission, there was no difference in length of hospitalization and inpatient mortality. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data show that treatment of hospitalized COVID19 patients with CCP did not significantly improve patient hospitalization length of stay or inpatient mortality.
Questions about comparative genomics of SARS coronavirus isolates
Authors: Lowell Wood
Journal: The Lancet (2003)

YiJun Ruan and colleagues' analysis (May 24, p 1779)1Ruan YJ Wei CL Ee LA et al.Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection.Lancet. 2003; 361: 1779-1785Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (404) Google Scholar of the comparative genomics of coronavirus isolates from 14 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is to be welcomed. Two questions, however, are begged by their survey. The first question concerns genomic evolution of the SARS virus. The single-stranded RNA genome of the SARS virus assures genetic lability under moderate selective pressures and high rates of genetic drift. Droplets of respiratory-tract fluids in nasopharyngeal aerosols have volumes of 10−6–10−7 mL, so that the expected SARS virion population in a single droplet is between 0·1 and 10, even for patients with maximum degrees of viraemia. Thus, most infective doses are probably in the range of 10–103 virions, whereas a patient's SARS virion-load at peak viraemia is about 1012. Considering the 103 second effective serum lifetime of a virion, a patient's 105 second viraemic-term may see generation of about 1014 virions, or about 1012 infective doses. Even with 102 successfully infective virions sourced per infected cell—a conservative upper-estimate—there are at least half a dozen viral generations per case history, or about 20 viral generations across the three case-history generations studied by Ruan and colleagues. Since the observed per-base replication error-rate of RNA polymerases is about 310−5 and the SARS viral genome has about 30 000 bases, the expected genome copying error-rate is about one base per viral generation, or about 20 base errors of aggregate genetic drift after 20 generations, roughly congruent with the 16 "observed twice" single nucleotide polymorphisms reported by Ruan and colleagues. Crucially, however, these 14 case-isolates represent infections during March and early April, 2003, whereas Ruan and colleagues relate that the SARS epidemic began in Guangdong province in November, 2002, so that it has been propagating and mutating at least four—and perhaps as much as five—times longer than is represented by the time-span of all the analysed cases. Where is the four–fold larger genetic drift? Specifically, why is there such close genomic similarity between the Singapore cases and all of the overseas cases? Unless these all trace to the same index case in early March, which seems unlikely, their close genomic similarity is quantitatively inexplicable. The second question concerns the ease with which the SARS virus propagates in vitro, a quite unusual, if not unique, characteristic for known human coronaviruses. This issue is at best thoroughly puzzling and at worst deeply troubling. How do Ruan and colleagues think that this set of viral propagation peculiarities arose? Questions about comparative genomics of SARS coronavirus isolatesAuthors' reply Full-Text PDF
Diameter of dysplastic nevi is a more robust biomarker of increased melanoma risk than degree of histologic dysplasia: A case-control study
Authors: Michael Y. Xiong, Michael S. Rabkin, Michael W. Piepkorn, Raymond L. Barnhill, Zsolt Argenyi, Lori Erickson, Joan Guitart, Lori Lowe, Christopher R. Shea, Martin J. Trotter, Robert A. Lew, Martin A. Weinstock
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Cardioprotective effect of resveratrol, a natural antioxidant derived from grapes
Authors: L Hung
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Background: The major objective of the present study was to examine the cardioprotective effect of resveratrol, an antioxidant presents in red wines, in the rat after ischemia and ischemia–reperfusion (I–R). Methods: The left main coronary artery was occluded for 30 or 5 min followed by a 30-min reperfusion in anesthetized rats. Animals were preinfused with and without resveratrol before occlusion and the severity of ischemia- and I–R-induced arrhythmias and mortality were compared. Results: Resveratrol pretreatment had no effect on ischemia-induced arrhythmias nor on mortality. In contrast, a dramatic protective effects were observed against I–R-induced arrhythmias and mortality. Resveratrol pretreatment both reduced the incidence and duration of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). During the same period, resveratrol pretreatment also increased nitric oxide (NO) and decreased lactate dehydrogenase levels in the carotid blood. Conclusions: Resveratrol is a potent antiarrhythmic agent with cardioprotective properties in I–R rats. The cardioprotective effects of resveratrol in the I–R rats may be correlated with its antioxidant activity and upregulation of NO production.
Effectiveness of a heat and moisture exchanger in preventing hyperpnoea induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with asthma.
Authors: T R Gravelyn, M Capper, W L Eschenbacher
Journal: Thorax (1987)

The effect of a heat and moisture exchanger, a device with hygroscopic material for conditioning inspired air, on hyperpnoea induced bronchoconstriction was studied in nine non-smoking volunteers with asthma, aged 19-32 years. Each had previously shown an increase of at least 100% in specific airways resistance (sRaw) to isocapnic hyperpnoea with dry air. On two separate days the subject performed isocapnic hyperpnoea with dry air at 60-70 l min-1 for five minutes. Before, immediately after, and five minutes after completion of a test sRaw measurements were made. Heat and moisture exchangers were placed in the breathing circuit on one of the two days. All subjects had an increase in sRaw of 100% or more without the heat and moisture exchangers (average increase 300%) but were protected from bronchoconstriction with the devices in place (average increase 7%) (p less than 0.005). The exchanger9s resistance to airflow was less than 1 cm H2O for flow rates of 100 l min-1. A heat and moisture exchanger designed as a facemask or mouthpiece may allow a person with asthma to exercise without the need for prophylactic drugs.
Etude multicentrique prospective de la coloscopie virtuelle comparée à la vidéocoloscopie
Authors: D Heresbach, A Charachon, C Marcus, A Le Sidaner, MA Pierredon-Foulogne, T Ponchon, M Boudiaf, JA Seyrig, H Laumonier, P Burtin, M Giraud-Cohen, M Djabbari, F Ramaholimihaso, P Bouillet, M Veyrac, S Ficarelli, K Vahedi, J Keruhel, H Lamouliatte, C Ridereau-Zins, Y Bouhnik, T Vallot, AM Zagdanski, F Riou, Y Gandon
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: L'efficacité de la coloscopie virtuelle (CV) repose majoritairement sur des séries monocentriques de centres experts. Une seule étude multicentrique américaine a montré une variation inter-centre des résultats. Le but de notre étude a été d'évaluer l'efficacité de la CV de façon prospective et multicentrique après validation d'une étape centralisée de formation à la lecture de la CV.
Douglas Reginald Sturrock Leslie
Authors: Agnes Hauck, Pat Leslie
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Paediatrician who became a pioneer in the management of cystic fibrosisTony Jackson made a considerable contribution to the transformation of cystic fibrosis from a fatal disease of infancy to a chronic disease of adults.He applied the developing technology and pharmaceutical developments to everyday practice, supported families and patients, and, after retirement, gave strategic direction to the Cystic Fibrosis Trust research and medical advisory committee, of which he was chairman.The trust awarded him its John Panchaud medal.
A STUDY OF THE ACIDOSIS, BLOOD UREA, AND PLASMA CHLORIDES IN URANIUM NEPHRITIS IN THE DOG, AND OF THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE
Authors: Kingo Goto
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

1. The presence of an acidosis in dogs with experimental uranium nephritis is demonstrable by the Van Slyke-Stillman-Cullen method and that of Marriott. It is detected more readily by the former method. 2. This acidosis is associated with increase in the blood urea and plasma chlorides and with the appearance of albumin and casts in the urine. 3. The oral administration of sodium bicarbonate diminishes the acidosis, the increase in plasma chlorides, the amount of albumin and casts in the urine, and, to a lesser degree, the increase in the blood urea following the administration of uranium. It also diminishes the severity of the changes produced by uranium in the kidneys. 4. The oral administration of sodium bicarbonate to normal dogs raises the carbon dioxide content of the plasma as determined by the. Van Slyke-Stillman-Cullen method.
Modulation of human dendritic cell phenotype and function by probiotic bacteria
Authors: A L Hart
Journal: Gut (2004)

"Probiotic" bacteria are effective in treating some inflammatory bowel diseases. However which bacteria confer benefit and mechanisms of action remain poorly defined. Dendritic cells, which are pivotal in early bacterial recognition, tolerance induction, and shaping of T cell responses, may be central in mediating the effects of these bacteria.To assess effects of different probiotic bacteria on dendritic cell function.Human intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells, whole blood, or an enriched blood dendritic cell population were cultured with cell wall components of the eight bacterial strains in the probiotic preparation VSL#3 (four lactobacilli, three bifidobacteria, and one streptococcal strains). Dendritic cells were identified and changes in dendritic cell maturation/costimulatory markers and cytokine production in response to probiotic bacteria were analysed by multicolour flow cytometry, in addition to subsequent effects on T cell polarisation.VSL#3 was a potent inducer of IL-10 by dendritic cells from blood and intestinal tissue, and inhibited generation of Th1 cells. Individual strains within VSL#3 displayed distinct immunomodulatory effects on dendritic cells; the most marked anti-inflammatory effects were produced by bifidobacteria strains which upregulated IL-10 production by dendritic cells, decreased expression of the costimulatory molecule CD80, and decreased interferon-gamma production by T cells. VSL#3 diminished proinflammatory effects of LPS by decreasing LPS induced production of IL-12 while maintaining IL-10 production.Probiotic bacteria differ in their immunomodulatory activity and influence polarisation of immune responses at the earliest stage of antigen presentation by dendritic cells.
Overexpression of P-glycoprotein in Mammalian Tumor Cell Lines After Fractionated X Irradiation In Vitro
Authors: B. T. Hill, K. Deuchars, L. K. Hosking, V. Ling, R. D. H. Whelan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

We observed that in vitro exposure of mammalian tumor cells to fractionated x irradiation results in the expression of drug resistance. The cause of this resistance was investigated in a series of Chinese hamster ovary cell lines that had survived exposure to multiple lethal doses of radiation. These cell lines had increased levels of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), the multidrug-resistance-associated membrane glycoprotein. Consistent with the classic multidrug resistance phenotype, they exhibited cross-resistance to multiple drugs, as well as sensitivity to reversal of vincristine resistance by verapamil. However, the cell lines showed no change in their sensitivity to x rays. Pgp overexpression occurred in these cells, despite a lack of Pgp gene amplification or of significant alteration in Pgp messenger RNA levels. Although the cause of increased Pgp levels is not yet known, these data suggest a biological basis for the clinical problem of drug resistance that can occur in previously irradiated tumors.
Epidemie Diarrhea at Crater Lake from Enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>
Authors: MARK L. ROSENBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

In June and July 1975, Gastrointestinal illness occurred in more than 200 staff members and 2000 visitors to an American national park. In was characterized by prolonged diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and vomiting, lasted a median duration of 8 days, and was significantly associated with consumption of park water (P less than 0.001), which had been contaminated by raw sewage. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli serotype 06:K15:H16 was isolated from 20 of 49 ill park residents and from the park's water supply, but not from 71 residents who had never been ill or had been well for at least 4 days. No other bacterial, viral, or parasitic pathogens were isolated from ill or well persons. This outbreak is the first waterborne epidemic of diarrheal illness shown to be due to enterotoxigenic. E. coli, and this study documents one mode of transmission of this pathogen. This investigation also suggests the relative insensitivity of current methods for identifying persons infected with this organism, either by the culturing of randomly selected isolates or by measuring serologic responses.
The Prognostic Significance of S&amp;ndash;Phase Analysis in Stage Ta&amp;sol;T1 Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ralph W. deVere White, Arline D. Deitch, Siamak Daneshmand, Brent Blumenstein, Bruce A. Lowe, Arthur I. Sagalowsky, Joseph A. Smith Jr., Paul F. Schellhammer, Thomas H. Stanisic, H. Barton Grossman, Edward Messing, John D. Crissman, E. David Crawford
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Abstract LB-410: Phase I dose escalation study of MM-121, a fully human monoclonal antibody to ErbB3, in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Crystal S. Denlinger, Vicki L. Keedy, James M. Cleary, William Kubasek, Matthew Onsum, Sharon Moulis, Gabriela Garcia, Birgit Schoeberl, Gavin MacBeath, Rachel Nering, James Murray, Victor Moyo, Kwok-Kin Wong, Geoffrey Shapiro
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: ErbB3 has been identified as a key driver of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, resulting in cell growth and survival. MM-121 is a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting ErbB3. By binding to ErbB3, MM-121 blocks heregulin, thereby inhibiting ligand-induced ErbB3 heterodimerization and activation of receptors. Binding of MM-121 also induces downregulation of ErbB3 from the cell surface. Methods: Patients ≥ 18 years with refractory advanced solid tumors were given MM-121 weekly in 4-week cycles at 6 dose levels. Dose escalation was based on dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) during cycle 1. Primary objectives were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of MM-121 and describe any objective response and progression free survival. Secondary objectives were to describe the safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic profile of MM-121. A dose expansion cohort at the highest dose cohort was also included for selected tumor types, with required pre- and post-treatment biopsies to assess MM-121 target effects, ErbB3 pathway markers, and guide dose schedule decisions. Results: Between July 2008 to January 2011, 38 patients have been enrolled in the study. Twenty-five patients were enrolled in the dose escalation part of the study and treated until unacceptable toxicity or progression. Six cohorts were completed and an MTD was not reached. Grade 1/2 nausea, diarrhea, fatigue and rash were the most commonly observed adverse events. Grade 1 hypomagnesemia was observed in 4 patients at different doses. One patient experienced a DLT of confusion at the lowest dose, considered possibly related to MM-121 treatment but confounded by other comorbidities. No other treatment related serious AEs were reported. An additional 13 patients have been enrolled to date in an expansion cohort. The overall safety profile for patients in the expansion cohort is similar to that observed for the dose escalation cohorts. Conclusion: In this single agent, first in human, dose escalation phase I study MM-121 was well tolerated with a favorable safety profile. Enrollment in the dose expansion cohort is ongoing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-410. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-410
Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov, Questions of Life: Diary of an Old Physician
Authors: Russell Zguta
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov was a pioneering and celebrated 19th-century Russian surgeon whose reputation preceded him wherever he went, both at home and abroad. He was also an active participant in the intellectual life of his nation during a period of change and transition. With the publication of this new English-language edition of his memoirs, we catch a glimpse of Pirogov, both as public figure and private, contemplative individual. We see him attempting to understand not only himself but also the political and social changes swirling around him. The volume, which is part of a series titled<i>Resources in Medical History</i>, has been nicely edited with an excellent introduction by Dr Galina Zarechnak. Although it is not clear who did the actual translation, it reads smoothly with only an occasional lapse into colloquial usage or awkward expression. The use of the word<i>pope</i>to render the Russian for village priest (<i>pop</i>
Psychological disturbance in children with haemophilia.
Authors: F A Logan, A Maclean, C A Howie, B Gibson, I M Hann, W L Parry-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the need for formal psychotherapeutic intervention in children attending a children9s haemophilia clinic after some of them had been diagnosed as positive for HIV. DESIGN--Comparison of haemophiliac children with matched control groups of diabetic and healthy children. SETTING--The West of Scotland Children9s Haemophilia Centre, Glasgow. PATIENTS--43 Children aged 3 to 16 years with mild, moderate, and severe clotting disorders were matched with control groups of 46 diabetic children and 42 physically healthy children. INTERVENTIONS--Parents of children aged 3-5 years were interviewed with the behaviour screening questionnaire. Children aged 6 to 16 were assessed by parental and teacher report using standardised questionnaires and self report using a computerised depression inventory. All were scored numerically according to the presence of symptoms of emotional and behavioural problems. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--The groups were compared for mean scores on each rating device and for number of children achieving scores within the pathological range. RESULTS--In the 6-16 age group five haemophiliac children, five diabetic children, and three healthy children scored in the pathological range on the parent questionnaire, as did two, three, and five respectively on the teacher questionnaire and four, four, and eight on the depression inventory. There was no significant difference across the three groups. Analysis of mean scores similarly showed no significant difference across groups. In contrast, the single measure used for younger children showed an increase in behavioural difficulties among the diabetic children. CONCLUSION--Haemophiliac children attending the West of Scotland Centre were no more disturbed than their diabetic or healthy peers despite the identification of HIV infection within the clinic and the widespread adverse publicity associated with AIDS and HIV infection.
Duration of Relaxation After Intramuscular Neurolysis With Phenol
Authors: Daniel Halpern
Journal: JAMA (1967)

After localization of electrically sensitive points in hypertonic muscles, it was possible in all but 20 of 394 muscles in 95 patients to achieve significant relaxation resulting in improved function or posture with intramuscular chemical neurolysis. Injections of dilute phenol solution in small amounts were used. The injections can be repeated, and relaxation has been maintained by a single series or multiple series of injections as long as a year to 17 months. Relaxation persisted six months or longer in 60% of the muscles injected and four months or longer in 84%.
Diagnosis of Congenital Aortic Septal Defects
Authors: H. A. H. D'HEER, C. L. C. VAN NIEUWENHUIZEN
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Two cases of aortic septal defect, diagnosed in life by means of cardiac catheterization, are described. An explanation is given of a method, used in these cases, whereby a correct diagnosis could be made before operation. Other methods for diagnosis and differential diagnosis are discussed.
The Harms of Screening
Authors: Steven H. Woolf, Russell Harris
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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