tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Editorial: New directions for the National Health Service Corps
Authors: M. P. Wasserman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

On Dec 31, 1970, President Nixon signed into law the Emergency Health Personnel Act, which created the National Health Service Corps (NHSC). The intent of the legislation is to improve the delivery of health services to persons living in those communities of the United States where health personnel, facilities, or services are inadequate. The goal of the NHSC is to recruit and place appropriate health professionals in these areas and to assist the communities in developing ongoing, self-sufficient health care delivery systems. The program is administered in the Bureau of Community Health Services of the Health Service Administration, one of six Public Health Service agencies in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Since its inception, the program has been run primarily as a demonstration project with a current budget of approximately $13.4 million. Despite this modest investment, the NHSC has had a powerful impact in those communities designated as
Consciousness, Coma, and Brain Death—2009
Authors: Roger N. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (2009)

This landmark classic article was the first to quantitatively define the clinical and laboratory criteria used to measure the presence of brain death. The study included “only those comatose individuals who have no discernible central nervous system activity.” Criteria to establish the presence of irreversible coma included (1) unreceptivity and unresponsitivity; (2) no movements or breathing; (3) no reflexes (brain stem); and (4) flat electroencephalogram. These criteria are still considered to be reliable and acceptable by the medical community and have become established into law, which states that brain death is equivalent to death and that all artificial support systems sustaining heart, respiratory, and metabolic functions can be legally stopped.See PDF for full text of the original JAMA article.
One year's treatment with propranolol after myocardial infarction: preliminary report of Norwegian multicentre trial.
Authors: V Hansteen, E Moinichen, E Lorentsen, A Andersen, O Strom, K Soiland, D Dyrbekk, A M Refsum, A Tromsdal, K Knudsen, C Eika, J Bakken, P Smith, P I Hoff
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A prospective, randomised, double-blind study was performed to compare the effects of propranolol and placebo on sudden cardiac death in a high-risk group of patients who survived acute myocardial infarction. Altogether 4929 patients with definite acute myocardial infarction were screened for inclusion: 574 (11.6%) died before randomisation, and 3795 (77%) were excluded. Five hundred and sixty patients aged 35 to 70 years were stratified into two risk groups and randomly assigned treatment with propranolol 40 mg four times a day or placebo. Treatment started four to six days after the infarction. By one year there had been 11 sudden deaths in the propranolol group and 23 in the placebo group (p less than 0.038, two-tailed test analysed according to the "intention-to-treat" principle). Altogether there were 25 deaths in the propranolol group and 37 in the placebo group (P less than 0.12), with 16 and 21 non-fatal reinfarctions respectively. A quarter of the patients were withdrawn from each group. Withdrawal because of heart failure during the first two weeks of treatment was significantly more common among propranolol-treated patients than among the controls, but thereafter the withdrawal rate was the same. The significant reduction in sudden death was comparable with that after alprenolol, practolol, and timolol, which suggests that the mechanism of prevention is beta-blockade rather than any other pharmacological property of the individual drugs.
Epidemiology, impact, and treatment options of restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease patients: an evidence-based review
Authors: Christoforos D. Giannaki, Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou, Christina Karatzaferi, Marios C. Pantzaris, Ioannis Stefanidis, Giorgos K. Sakkas
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Elevated expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (CD147) and membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases in venous leg ulcers
Authors: J. Norgauer, T. Hildenbrand, M. Idzko, E. Panther, E. Bandemir, M. Hartmann, W. Vanscheidt, Y. Herouy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Elevated expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (CD147) and membrane‐type matrix metalloproteinases in venous leg ulcers Get access J. Norgauer, J. Norgauer Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Hauptstr. 7, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Hildenbrand, T. Hildenbrand Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Hauptstr. 7, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Idzko, M. Idzko Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Hauptstr. 7, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Panther, E. Panther Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Hauptstr. 7, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Bandemir, E. Bandemir Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Hauptstr. 7, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Hartmann, M. Hartmann Dermatologisch‐Phlebologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, D‐79108 Freiburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Vanscheidt, W. Vanscheidt Clinic for Wound Biology, D‐79862 Hochenschwand, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Herouy Y. Herouy Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Hauptstr. 7, D‐79104 Freiburg, Germany Yared Herouy. E‐mail: herouy@haut.ukl.uni‐freiburg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 147, Issue 6, 1 December 2002, Pages 1180–1186, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.05025.x Published: 01 December 2002 Article history Accepted: 17 June 2002 Published: 01 December 2002
1336 IL28B GENETIC ATTRIBUTABLE RISK IN HEPATITIS C-ASSOCIATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND DECOMPENSATED LIVER DISEASE
Authors: T.R. O'Brien, T.R. Morgan, R.M. Pfeiffer, R.T. Chung, A.S. Lok, M.L. Shiffman, M. Dotrang, J.J. Sninsky, H.L. Bonkovsky
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Treatment of Chronic Typhoid Carriers With Ampicillin
Authors: William E. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1971)

After 12 chronic typhoid carriers were treated with 4 gm of ampicillin daily for 90 days, stool cultures over an 18-month follow-up period revealed that nine (75%) had been apparently cured. Two of the failures had not followed the regimen correctly—thus, nine of ten (90%) who took the medicine correctly were apparently cured. These data corroborate earlier studies indicating that a course of treatment of only 28 days may be adequate. Eight of 12 patients (66.7%) experienced reactions to ampicillin, one of which was severe. Although not ideal because of the high incidence of untoward reactions experienced in this study, ampicillin appears to be the drug of choice for the treatment of chronic typhoid carriers. Other forms of treatment may be more appropriate for patients with known penicillin allergy, those who cannot be relied upon to take the prescribed medication, and some individuals with known gallbladder disease.
Silent Hypoglycemia Presenting As Dysesthesias
Authors: Nolawit Tesfaye, Elizabeth R. Seaquist
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Hypoglycemia is not often in the differential diagnosis for dysesthesias but should be considered when involved in the care of diabetic patients. Such symptoms may herald silent hypoglycemia and resultant nerve injury, as illustrated in the following case.

A 26-year-old female with type 1 diabetes presented with a 2-month history of numbness and tingling in her hands and feet upon waking in the morning. Symptoms began when her treatment was altered from NPH 50 units q …
Immunotherapy for cancer
Authors: R Bryant
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

The correspondence on immunotherapy for cancer1,2 revives ideas first put forward in your own pages by Richards in 19883. The methods outlined regarded as unorthodox at the time, included immunotherapy and local debulking surgery—these being followed by a highly supportive regimen. In twenty years of its use I have not seen this regime improved upon. It remains now only for the enzyme components and one or two others to be added to current thinking. At the time, I gather, Richards' discussion paper drew only two responses. Remarkable? Perhaps—but now well worth another read.
Internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (FLT3/ITD) induces increased ROS production, DNA damage, and misrepair: implications for poor prognosis in AML
Authors: Annahita Sallmyr, Jinshui Fan, Kamal Datta, Kyu-Tae Kim, Dan Grosu, Paul Shapiro, Donald Small, Feyruz Rassool
Journal: Blood (2008)
Comparison of Alprazolam, Imipramine, and Placebo in the Treatment of Depression
Authors: John P. Feighner
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Alprazolam is the first of the triazolobenzodiazepines to be studied in a large population of depressed patients. In a six-week, double-blind multicenter comparison of alprazolam, imipramine hydrochloride, and placebo in the treatment of 723 patients with depression, the two active drugs were statistically more effective than placebo. Alprazolam was at least as effective as imipramine in relieving depressive symptoms, significantly more effective in relieving somatic symptoms, and showed an earlier onset of activity in some measurements. Anticholinergic side effects were reported most often by patients receiving imipramine, while drowsiness was the only side effect reported most often in the alprazolam group. The Feighner Diagnostic Criteria and prestudy and poststudy intercenter conferences with videotaped patient interviews ensured interrater reliability.
Report on Small Hospital Laboratories
Authors: Laurence P. Skendzel, Rudolph J. Muelling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THERE is no doubt that in this decade of scientific progress, physicians place greater reliance on laboratory results for detection, confirmation and treatment of disease. Information that reasonably approximates and describes the accuracy and reproducibility of laboratory procedures performed in community hospitals is essential before one can assess the effect of this trend on patient care. Physicians must also know about interlaboratory variation for proper interpretation of laboratory values. The population is mobile, and patients move to different sections of the country, carrying with them medical records that include laboratory tests performed in different hospitals. Variation among laboratories is measured . . .
INFLAMMATORY AND HEMOSTATIC RISK FACTORS AND CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION IN WOMEN OF BLACK AND WHITE RACE IN THE MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION: THE STUDY OF WOMEN'S HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION (SWAN) HEART STUDY
Authors: Norman C. Wang, Karen A. Matthews, Emma JM Barinas-Mitchell, Chung-Chou H. Chang, Samar R. El Khoudary
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Influenza Prevention Update
Authors: Thomas R. Talbot, H. Keipp Talbot
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Following last year's season of low activity, influenza is surging across the country and as of January 5 has claimed the lives of 20 children.1 With influenza intensifying, it is important to review essential interventions that prevent influenza transmission at home, at work, and in health care facilities.
Gallium-67 Renal Uptake in Sjogren??s Syndrome
Authors: MATTHEW BENNETT, GARY J. FELSBERG, JEFFREY UNGER, PHILIP A. BARDFELD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

This case report describes a 61-year-old male with Sjogren's syndrome. Diffuse Ga-67 uptake in the kidneys was seen due to renal involvement with this disorder. Sjogren's syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diffuse bilateral Ga-67 accumulation in the kidneys.
Themes of Aging
Authors: Margaret A. Winker
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Health Status, Quality of Life, and the Individual
Authors: Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: JAMA (1994)

FROM time to time, a terrible event happens to someone, and yet the survivor finds herself or himself better off. Through injury, a person is rendered paraplegic, or even quadriplegic; cancer strikes, requiring debilitating chemotherapy and raising the specter of a shortened life. The person suffering the calamity transcends the suffering and loss and finds new meaning in life. Living becomes a richer, more satisfying experience and, in extreme instances, people feel that they never really appreciated life until their tragedy. See also p 619. If one had to rate the quality of life of a quadriplegic whose life experience is dominated by well-being and joy, what would one say? In this issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Gill and Feinstein<sup>1</sup>take the philosophical position that only the individual can rate quality of life, and if the individual says that it is excellent, that is what it is. From this perspective, they
Does second language grow?
Authors: Günther Grewendorf
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The evidence that L2 learners have full access to UG is not convincing. The following will be shown: (1) The argument that L2 learners “expect” L2 to have particular properties rests on the conceptual confusion of having the concept of language (in the sense of knowing the meaning of “language”) with having access to UG. (2) The claim that L2 acquisition takes place under the constraints imposed by universal principles lacks empirical support. (3) The assumption that L2 learners assign new parameter values is based on a problematic example and remains unclear.
STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
Authors: K. Landsteiner, M. W. Chase
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

It has been shown that by the cutaneous administration of simple chemical compounds in small quantities—2:4:6 trinitrochlorobenzene (picryl chloride) and 2:4 dinitrochlorobenzene, the latter a typical incitant of contact dermatitis in man—it is possible to induce true anaphylactic sensitization in guinea pigs, demonstrable by the intravenous injection of protein conjugates and by the Dale technique, using isolated uterine horns. This furnishes strong evidence for the formation of antigenic conjugates following application of substances of simple chemical constitution. Since the anaphylactic state is induced by the same method of administration that gives rise to cutaneous sensitivity, the assumption would appear justified, when one takes into account the chemical properties of the inciting substances, that the formation of conjugated antigens offers an explanation for the skin effects also. In the experiments with picryl chloride, anaphylactic antibodies, and occasionally precipitins, have been demonstrated. The differences between the cutaneous and anaphylactic types of sensitivity are discussed.
A phase I clinical trial of intratumoral injection of adenovirus encoding interleukin-12 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and other advanced gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: G.D. Mazzolini, B. Sangro, J. Ruiz, M. Herraiz, J.I. Herrero, J. Quiroga, A. Benito, J. Larrache, J. Pueyo, J.C. Subtil, J. Sola, B. Sadaba, P. Sarobe, I. MeleroC Qian, J. Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Absence of a specific effect of free radicals on HLA-B27.
Authors: I L MacLean, M W Lowdell, D R Blake, J Lunec, J R Archer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The spondylitis associated HLA-B27 epitope includes a characteristic unpaired cysteine at amino acid position 67. On some B27 molecules the thiol (-SH) side chain of this residue seems to be available for chemical interactions. The possibility that free radicals produced during inflammation might specifically affect this group was investigated in this work. Cells bearing HLA-B27 were exposed to free radicals generated by ultraviolet irradiation or hydrogen peroxide, and HLA antigens were then measured by flow cytometry. Binding of monoclonal antibodies to B27 was not affected. These results do not support a specific susceptibility of HLA-B27 to damage by free radicals, despite its apparently vulnerable structure.
Age-related effects of heat stress on protective enzymes for peroxides and microsomal monooxygenase in rat liver.
Authors: M Ando, K Katagiri, S Yamamoto, K Wakamatsu, I Kawahara, S Asanuma, M Usuda, K Sasaki
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

To evaluate the age-related response of essential cell functions against peroxidative damage in hyperthermia, we studied the biochemical response to heat stress in both young and aged rats. Passive hyperthermia was immediately observed in rats after exposure to hot environments. In aged rats, the rectal temperature maintained thermal homeostasis and increased to the same degree as in young rats. In these aged animals, the damage from heat stress was more serious than in young animals. In aged rats under normal environmental conditions, hepatic cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GSH peroxidase) activities were markedly higher than those activities in younger rats. Hepatic cytosolic GSH peroxidase activities were induced by heat stress in young rats but were decreased by hot environments in aged rats. Hepatic catalase activities in young rats were not affected by hot environments, whereas in aged rats, hepatic catalase activities were seriously decreased. Catalase activities in the kidney of aged rats were also reduced by hot environments. Lipid peroxidation in the liver was markedly induced in both young and aged rats. Because the protective enzymes for oxygen radicals in aged rats were decreased by hot environments, lipid peroxidation in the liver was highly induced. In aged rats, lipid peroxidation in intracellular structures such as mitochondria and microsomes was also markedly induced by hot environments. In both young and aged rats, hyperthermia greatly increased the development of hypertrophy and vacuolated degeneration in hepatic cells. In aged rats, both mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatic cells showed serious distortion in shape as a result of exposures to hot environments. Microsomal electron transport systems, such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities, were seriously decreased by heat stress in aged rats but not in young rats. Although the mitochondrial electron transport systems were not affected by acute heat stress in young rats, their activities were simultaneously inhibited after long-lasting heat exposure. In isolated hepatic cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in animals, the 70-kDa heat shock-induced proteins were markedly increased by heat stress. In conclusion, the heat stress-inducible oxygen radical damage becomes more severe according to the age of rats. Because aging and hyperthermia have a synergistic effect on lipid peroxidation, protective enzyme activities for oxygen radicals may be essential for surviving and recovering from thermal injury in aged animals and also in humans.
Topical treatment of recurrent herpes simplex and post-herpetic erythema multiforme with low concentrations of zinc sulphate solution
Authors: ISSER BRODY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

The preventive effect of low concentrations of zinc sulphate solution in recurrent herpes simplex of the skin and oral mucous membrane is reported. Treatment with zinc sulphate solution of the skin at the site of the herpetic infection also prevents relapse of post‐herpetic erythema multiforme. For the skin, 0.025‐0.05%, and for the oral mucous membrane, 0.01‐0.025% zinc sulphate solution was used.
Don't presume about experienced adult learners in medicine
Authors: David I Newble
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—The article by Newman and Peile contains a set of principles for adult learning with which many educators would agree.1 But in the new era of evidence based medical education are these principles soundly based, even if they seem to have a high degree of face validity? In this case even Malcolm Knowles, one of the doyens of adult education theory and the originator of the principles listed in the article, is quoted …
Malignant Hypertension: Kidneys Too Good to be Extirpated
Authors: WILLIAM J. MROCZEK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

The grave prognosis associated with malignant hypertension and renal failure has stimulated the search for effective modes of therapy. Evidence that the renal arteriolitis associated with malignant hypertension is the result of the elevated blood pressure—not the cause—has led to the aggressive medical therapy of this disorder. Several reports have detailed the improvement in renal function after adequate reduction of elevated arterial pressure in azotemic, malignant hypertension. In addition to medical therapy, bilateral nephrectomy has been shown to be of value in the reduction of arterial pressure in selected patients with hyperreninemic, nonvolume-dependent hypertension with terminal renal failure. In order to prevent needless nephrectomies and the many problems associated with chronic dialysis, there appears to be no justifiable circumstance to recommend bilateral nephrectomy as an emergency procedure.
A Case of Hypertensive-Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Demonstrating Left Ventricular Wall Motion Abnormality
Authors: Tsuyoshi Shimonagata, Shinsuke Nanto, Masakazu Hori, Tomoki Ohara, Youngjoon Kim, Yuzuru Takano, Ken'ya Sakamoto, Keiji Kamado, Syujiro Kubori, Hideo Kusuoka, Tsunehiko Nishimura
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

We report a case of hypertensive-diabetic cardiomyopathy demonstrating left ventricular regional wall motion abnormality, with a normal coronary artery documented on coronary arteriography. Dipyridamole-infusion 201Tl scintigraphy demonstrated transient perfusion defects in the infero-posterior wall of the left ventricle, where reduced wall motion was demonstrated on contrast left ventriculography. Myocardial SPECT (single photon emission tomography) imaging with [123I] β-methyliodophenylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) and 201Tl demonstrated reduced [123I]BMIPP uptake compared with 201Tl uptake in the infero-posterior wall of left ventricle. These results suggest that the impairment of myocardial free fatty acid metabolism is an etiologic or contributory factor for regional wall motion abnormality, together with small-vessel coronary artery disease, in this patient.