tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal characterization of lymphangiogenesis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model
Authors: Masahiro Yamashita, Miyuki Niisato, Hitoshi Kobayashi, Yuji Shibata, Takashi Sawai, Kohei Yamauchi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

[Background] The roles of lymphangiogenesis in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis has been remained to be elucidated, although it has been associated with this condition in human. [Objective] To clarify longitudinal characteristics of lymphangiogenesis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. [Animal and Methods] Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in C57BL/6J female mice by intratracheal injection of 3.0 U/kg of bleomycin. Three mice were sacrificed in 6 individual days, including before the injection and at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after. Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded lung tissues were used for immunohistopathological and morphometric analyses. Antibodies specific for Vegfr-3, Cd31 and type I collagen were used to detect lymphatics, blood vessels and collagen, respectively. [Results] The dilatation of the existing lymphatics around bronchus and large blood vessels was observed on Day 7, and numerous lymphocytes were organized around them. The lymphatics were newly formed in fibrotic lesions on Day 14, although capillaries were barely detected in the lesions. In Masson Trichrom staining, connective tissue was most prominent on Day 21, and looser after that. The area densities of interstitium and hydroxyproline concentration in lung homogenates were maximally increased on Day 21. The existing and the newly formed lymphatic densities were significantly increased on Day 21, respectively (p
<TITLE>Tuberculosis: a global threat</TITLE>
Authors: Rajeev K Singla, Varadaraj G Bhat
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Christopher Dye, DPhil; Suzanne Scheele, MS; Paul >Dolin, DPhil; Vikram Pathania, MBA; Mario C. Raviglione, MD; for the WHO Global Surveillance and Monitoring Project
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Irofulven, a Novel Mushroom-Derived Cytotoxin, Administered for Five Consecutive Days Every Four Weeks in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies
Authors: S. Gail Eckhardt, Sharyn D. Baker, Carolyn D. Britten, Manuel Hidalgo, Lillian Siu, Lisa A. Hammond, Miguel A. Villalona-Calero, Sally Felton, Ronald Drengler, John G. Kuhn, Gary M. Clark, Sheri L. Smith, John R. MacDonald, Charlotte Smith, Judy Moczygemba, Steve Weitman, Daniel D. Von Hoff, Eric K. Rowinsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the toxicity and pharmacologic behavior of the novel mushroom-derived cytotoxin irofulven administered as a 5-minute intravenous (IV) infusion daily for 5 days every 4 weeks to patients with advanced solid malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this phase I trial, 46 patients were treated with irofulven doses ranging from 1.0 to 17.69 mg/m 2 as a 5-minute IV infusion (two patients received a 1-hour infusion) daily for 5 days every 4 weeks. The modified continual reassessment method was used for dose escalation. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed on days 1 and 5 to characterize the plasma disposition of irofulven. RESULTS: Forty-six patients were treated with 92 courses of irofulven. The dose-limiting toxicities on this schedule were myelosuppression and renal dysfunction. At the 14.15-mg/m 2 dose level, renal dysfunction resembling renal tubular acidosis occurred in four of 10 patients and was ameliorated by prophylactic IV hydration. The 17.69-mg/m 2 dose level was not tolerated because of grade 4 neutropenia and renal toxicity, whereas the 14.15-mg/m 2 dose level was not tolerable with repetitive dosing because of persistent thrombocytopenia. Other common toxicities included mild to moderate nausea, vomiting, facial erythema, and fatigue. One partial response occurred in a patient with advanced, refractory metastatic pancreatic cancer lasting 7 months. Pharmacokinetic studies of irofulven revealed dose-proportional increases in both maximum plasma concentrations and area under the concentration-time curve, while the agent exhibited a rapid elimination half-life of 2 to 10 minutes. CONCLUSION: Given the results of this study, the recommended dose of irofulven is 10.64 mg/m 2 as a 5-minute IV infusion daily for 5 days every 4 weeks. The preliminary antitumor activity documented in a patient with advanced pancreatic cancer and the striking preclinical antitumor effects of irofulven observed on intermittent dosing schedules support further disease-directed evaluations of this agent on the schedule evaluated in this study.
Patients attitudes towards inhaler use
Authors: Hannah George, Dilip Nazareth, Martin Walshaw
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  Inhaled therapies can only be effective if the patient uses the delivery device correctly and complies with treatment, which in turn may be influenced by their attitude towards the disease and its treatment. Patient education is fundamental to optimizing this, as is their perceived effectiveness of medication. This study explores patients9 attitudes towards inhaled therapy with a view to provide targeted education.   Methods:  Forty eight respiratory clinic patients (60% male) completed a self-administered structured questionnaire evaluating attitudes towards their current inhaled therapy.   Results:  All respondents considered Inhaler therapy important, and 61% had a good understanding of their lung condition. Although 70% had been given advice regarding inhaler use, 67% did not use these as prescribed (see table). Moreover, 63% had not discussed their concerns with a doctor or nurse but 80% would like more training (73% preferred pharmacists to do this).   Conclusions:  This study has identified a need to further address education. A significant proportion of patients do not use their inhaler as prescribed and have some concerns about inhaled therapy, emphasizing the importance of providing patients with adequate information about their disease and treatment at every opportunity to enhance compliance. To aid this, targeted education and training sessions delivered by Pharmacists are being developed.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in 90 min by bacterial cell count monitoring
Authors: M.A.C. Broeren, Y. Maas, E. Retera, N.L.A. Arents
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)

The rise in antimicrobial resistance has become a serious global health problem. Restrictive use of antibiotics seems the only option to temper this accession since research in new antibiotics has halted. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes rely on quick access to susceptibility data. This study evaluated the concept of bacterial cell count monitoring as a fast method to determine susceptibility. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for amoxicillin/piperacillin and gentamicin by three conventional methods (VITEK2®, Etest® and broth-macrodilution). Bacterial cell count monitoring reliably predicted susceptibility after 90 min for Escherichia coli and after 120 min for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus without any minor, major or very major discrepancies. Time-to-result was reduced by 74%, 83% and 76%, respectively. Bacterial cell count monitoring shows great potential for rapid susceptibility testing.
Angiogenesis and Antiangiogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Shant Kumar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

The findings of 19 of 32 participants in the Thirteenth Paterson Symposium are summarized. The symposium was designed to ascertain the current state of knowledge in the field of tumor angiogenesis and to identify future areas of investigation.
A randomized trial comparing adjuvant fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin with no treatment in operable gastric cancer. International Collaborative Cancer Group.
Authors: R C Coombes, P S Schein, C E Chilvers, J Wils, G Beretta, J M Bliss, A Rutten, D Amadori, H Cortes-Funes, A Villar-Grimalt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Three hundred fifteen patients with operable gastric cancer were randomized to receive fluorouracil, Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and mitomycin (FAM) or no adjuvant treatment between September 1981 and July 1984. After excluding ineligible patients, 281 patients are included in this analysis. Treatment was moderately well tolerated by the majority of patients, the common side effects being nausea and vomiting (58%) and alopecia (57%). Three possible treatment-related deaths were seen, all due to cardiac failure. At median follow-up of 68 months, 164 patients have died, 73 in the treated arm and 91 in the control arm. There was no significant difference in disease-free or overall survival between the two arms of the study (P = 0.21). There is some evidence that patients with more advanced carcinoma (T3-T4) derived some benefit from treatment (P = 0.04). The interpretation of this finding must take into account that all subgroups were defined retrospectively, and this could, therefore, be a chance finding. We conclude that adjuvant chemotherapy as given in this trial is not indicated as routine treatment in operable gastric cancer, but that further evaluation in stage T3-T4 patients is warranted.
Germline genetic variation in ETV6 and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a systematic genetic study
Authors: Takaya Moriyama, Monika L Metzger, Gang Wu, Rina Nishii, Maoxiang Qian, Meenakshi Devidas, Wenjian Yang, Cheng Cheng, Xueyuan Cao, Emily Quinn, Susana Raimondi, Julie M Gastier-Foster, Elizabeth Raetz, Eric Larsen, Paul L Martin, W Paul Bowman, Naomi Winick, Yoshihiro Komada, Shuoguo Wang, Michael Edmonson, Heng Xu, Elaine Mardis, Robert Fulton, Ching-Hon Pui, Charles Mullighan, William E Evans, Jinghui Zhang, Stephen P Hunger, Mary V Relling, Kim E Nichols, Mignon L Loh, Jun J Yang
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Low codon bias and high rates of synonymous substitution in Drosophila hydei and D. melanogaster histone genes.
Authors: D H Fitch, L D Strausbaugh
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1993)

We have evaluated codon usage bias in Drosophila histone genes and have obtained the nucleotide sequence of a 5,161-bp D. hydei histone gene repeat unit. This repeat contains genes for all five histone proteins (H1, H2a, H2b, H3, and H4) and differs from the previously reported one by a second EcoRI site. These D. hydei repeats have been aligned to each other and to the 5.0-kb (i.e., long) and 4.8-kb (i.e., short) histone repeat types from D. melanogaster. In each species, base composition at synonymous sites is similar to the average genomic composition and approaches that in the small intergenic spacers of the histone gene repeats. Accumulation of synonymous changes at synonymous sites after the species diverged is quite high. Both of these features are consistent with the relatively low codon usage bias observed in these genes when compared with other Drosophila genes. Thus, the generalization that abundantly expressed genes in Drosophila have high codon bias and low rates of silent substitution does not hold for the histone genes.
Long-Term Results of Blood and Marrow Transplantation for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Görgün Akpek, Richard F. Ambinder, Steven Piantadosi, Ross A. Abrams, Robert A. Brodsky, Georgia B. Vogelsang, Marianna L. Zahurak, Donald Fuller, Carole B. Miller, Stephen J. Noga, Ephraim Fuchs, Ian W. Flinn, Paul O’Donnell, Eric J. Seifter, Risa B. Mann, Richard J. Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcome after allogeneic (allo) and autologous (auto) blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the outcome of 157 consecutive patients with relapsed or refractory HL, who underwent BMT between March 1985 and April 1998. Patients ≤ age 55 with HLA-matched siblings were prioritized toward allo BMT. The median age was 28 years (range, 13 to 52 years) for the 53 allo patients and 30.5 years (range, 11 to 62 years) for the 104 auto patients. RESULTS: The median follow-up after BMT for surviving patients was 5.1 years (range, 1 to 13.8 years). For the entire group, the probabilities of event-free survival (EFS) and relapse at 10 years were 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18% to 33%) and 58% (95% CI, 48% to 69%), respectively. According to multivariate analysis, disease status before BMT (sensitive relapse if responding to conventional-dose therapy or resistant disease if not) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.39, P &lt; .0001) and date of BMT (HR = 0.93, P = .004) were independent predictors of EFS, whereas only disease status (HR = 0.35, P &lt; .0001) influenced relapse. There was a trend for probability of relapse in sensitive patients to be less after allo BMT at 34% (range, 8% to 59%) versus 51% (range, 36% to 67%) for the auto patients (HR = 0.51, P = .17). There was a continuing risk of relapse or secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for 12 years after auto BMT, whereas there were no cases of secondary AML/MDS or relapses beyond 3 years after allo BMT. CONCLUSION: There seems to be a clinical graft-versus-HL effect associated with allo BMT. Allo BMT for HL also seems to have a lower risk of secondary AML/MDS than auto BMT. Thus, allo BMT warrants continued study in HL.
Phase II Study of Cisplatin and Paclitaxel in Advanced Carcinoma of the Urothelium: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study
Authors: Robert Dreicer, Judith Manola, Bruce J. Roth, Michael B. Cohen, Alan K. Hatfield, George Wilding
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Cisplatin and paclitaxel are active agents in advanced urothelial cancer. A phase II trial of this combination was performed to determine the activity and toxicity of these agents in a multi-institutional setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma were treated on one day with paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 over 3 hours followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 , both intravenously, every 21 days. Cycles were repeated every 21 days until progression or a maximum of six cycles. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients obtained an objective response, for an overall response rate of 50% (95% confidence interval, 36% to 64%). Four patients achieved complete clinical responses. The median overall survival time for the group was 10.6 months. Toxicity was moderate, with granulocytopenia and neurotoxicity being the most common side effects noted. CONCLUSION: The combination of cisplatin and paclitaxel is active in advanced urothelial cancer. Responses in visceral, nodal, and soft tissues sites were observed. Granulocytopenia without fever and grade 2/3 neurotoxicity were common. The confidence interval of the overall response rate in this study overlaps most of the other reported regimens. The optimal therapy for advanced urothelial cancer remains undefined.
The Anion Gap as a Screening Procedure for Occult Myeloma in the Elderly
Authors: N G Flanagan, J C Ridway, A G Irving
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

Myeloma in the elderly can mimic many disorders, causing delay in diagnosis. In a retrospective study, the mean anion gap at presentation in 78 elderly patients with confirmed myeloma was found to be significantly less than that of aged-matched controls. It is suggested that estimation of the anion gap may be useful as a screening test, particularly as it has no intrinsic cost.
Searching for Public Health Law’s Sweet Spot: The Regulation of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
Authors: David M. Studdert, Jordan Flanders, Michelle M. Mello
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

In May 2012, the New York City Board of Health set a limit of 16 ounces on sugary drinks sold in city restaurants, theaters, and food carts [1], triggering international media attention and a firestorm of opposition.A majority of New Yorkers viewed the portion cap as a "bad idea" [2], and three-quarters of Americans opposed it [3].The soft drink industry embarked on a multimillion-dollar campaign to block the rule [4-6], culminating in a successful legal challenge [7][8].Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)-including sodas, sweetened teas, and sports, fruit, and energy drinks-have recently become a special target for regulation because of growing evidence regarding their contribution to weight gain and ill health, especially among children [9][10][11][12].New York City's portion cap is one of hundreds of laws introduced over the last decade by countries, states, and localities around the world to address the problem.The rule's demise, however, illustrates how public health law interventions can struggle for political and legal traction in the hotly contested space of obesity prevention. Summary Points• Over the last decade, many national, state, and local governments have introduced laws aimed at curbing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), especially by children.
Rhinovirus infection upregulates pentraxin-3 in smokers and COPD patients
Authors: Joseph Footitt, Patrick Mallia, Sotero Rosa, Maria-Belen Trujillo-Torralbo, Tatiana Kebadze, Marco Contoli, Alberto Papi, Onn Min Kon, Rosario Maselli, Sebastian Johnston
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Pentraxins are a family of acute-phase reactants and pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is the prototypic long pentraxin. PTX3 has a protective role against pathogens including influenza viruses and both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions of PTX3 are described. The role of PTX3 in virus-induced COPD exacerbations is unknown.   Methods:  We infected 3 groups of subjects–COPD GOLD stage II (N=20), smokers with normal lung function (SMK,N=21) and non-smokers (NS,N=11)–with rhinovirus (RV). Induced sputum was collected on 6 time points post-inoculation, cytospins prepared and cell counts determined. PTX3 and neutrophil elastase (NE) were measured in sputum supernatants by ELISA and sputum virus load by quantitative PCR.   Results:  Following RV infection PTX3 in sputum was significantly increased over baseline in the COPD group and the SMK but not the NS.  PTX3 levels were higher in the COPD group compared to the NS on days 9, 12, 15 and 21 and compared to the SMK on day 15. Peak sputum PTX3 levels correlated with peak sputum virus load (P=0.0002, r=0.51), peak total sputum inflammatory cells (P=0.0002, r=0.50) and peak sputum neutrophil elastase levels (P=0.0006, r=0.47).   Conclusions:  PTX3 may be an important mediator of neutrophilic inflammation following RV infection in COPD subjects and smokers. PTX3 is likely to contribute to the inflammatory response in virus-induced COPD exacerbations and may be both a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in COPD.
Ectopic and Eutopic Secretion of Chorionic Gonadotropin and its Subunits in Vitro: Comparison of Clonal Strains from Carcinomas of Lung and Placenta
Authors: Jeffrey M. Lieblich, Bruce D. Weintraub, Gary H. Krauth, Peter O. Kohler, Alan S. Rabson, Saul W. Rosen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Ectopic and Eutopic Secretion of Chorionic Gonadotropin and its Subunits in Vitro: Comparison of Clonal Strains from Carcinomas of Lung and Placenta Get access Jeffrey M. Lieblich, Jeffrey M. Lieblich Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bruce D. Weintraub, Bruce D. Weintraub Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary H. Krauth, Gary H. Krauth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter O. Kohler, Peter O. Kohler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alan S. Rabson, Alan S. Rabson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Saul W. Rosen Saul W. Rosen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 5, May 1976, Pages 911–917, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.5.911 Published: 01 May 1976 Article history Received: 11 September 1975 Accepted: 02 December 1975 Published: 01 May 1976
Ciliary beat frequency and structure of recipient and donor epithelia following lung transplantation
Authors: RC Read, S Shankar, A Rutman, C Feldman, M Yacoub, PJ Cole, R Wilson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

To investigate possible changes following lung transplantation, the structure and in vitro ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of airway epithelium from the cytology brushings of 9 heart-lung (HLT) and 5 single-lung (SLT) transplant recipients were examined. The CBF of brushings taken proximal and distal to the anastomosis was measured 2-10 months following transplant. There was no difference between the measured mean CBF at the two sites or between the two groups; HLT CBF: distal 11.0 +/- 0.5 Hz (standard error of mean), proximal 10.5 +/- 0.4 Hz, SLT CBF: distal 11.7 +/- 0.9 Hz, proximal 12.0 +/- 0.6 Hz. Mean CBF of bronchial brushings (except distal brushings from SLT patients) was significantly lower than that from controls: 13.6 +/- 0.3 Hz (n = 7) (p less than 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy of epithelial brushings from 4 patients (3 HLT, 1 SLT) revealed epithelial abnormalities both proximal and distal to the anastomosis, particularly ciliary depletion, mitochondrial abnormalities and death of cells. No significant ciliary ultrastructural abnormalities were seen in any tissue. We conclude that epithelial abnormalities were observed both proximal and distal to the anastomosis following lung transplantation. These may contribute to impairment of mucociliary clearance.
Effects of Phenobarbital and Secondary Bile Acids on Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Carcinogenesis Initiated by &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine in Hamsters&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T Makino, T Obara, H Ura, T Kinugasa, H Kobayashi, S Takahashi, Y Konishi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The effects of dietary administration of phenobarbital [(PB) CAS: 50-06-6] or the secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid [(DCA) CAS: 83-44-3] and lithocholic acid [(LCA) CAS: 434-13-9], on tumorigenesis in the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas were investigated in male Syrian golden hamsters after carcinogenic initiation by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine [(BHP) CAS: 53609-64-6]. BHP [500 mg/kg (body wt)] was injected sc once weekly for 5 weeks. The animals were then maintained on a basal diet or a diet containing either 0.05% PB, 0.1% DCA, 0.5% DCA, or 0.5% LCA for 30 weeks. DCA enhanced the development of cholangiocarcinomas without influencing that of hepatocellular lesions. PB promoted the induction of hepatocellular carcinomas but not that of cholangiocarcinomas. LCA was without effect on the induction of either hepatocellular carcinomas or cholangiocarcinomas. DCA at a dose of 0.5% enhanced the induction of polyps in the gallbladder. Both DCA, at a dose of 0.1%, and LCA significantly enhanced the induction of pancreas carcinomas. PB had no effect on the induction of polyps in the gallbladder or of pancreas carcinomas. These data document that different tumors may be differentially promoted following initiation with a common carcinogen.