tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anti–Heat Shock Protein 60 Autoantibodies Induce Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice via Endothelial Damage
Authors: Georgios Foteinos, Ali R. Afzal, Kaushik Mandal, Marjan Jahangiri, Qingbo Xu
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Accumulating evidence established a positive association of anti–heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) autoantibodies and the presence of atherosclerosis in humans. However, whether these autoantibodies play a causal role in the development of atherosclerosis is unknown. Methods and Results— In the present study, anti-HSP60 autoantibodies from blood of patients with coronary heart disease were isolated by affinity chromatography and injected into the tail vein of apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. Atherosclerotic lesions in aortas were significantly increased 8 weeks after injection. Furthermore, administration of a specific mouse monoclonal antibody (II-13) recognizing amino acid residues 288 to 366 of HSP60 effectively induced atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. II-13 injection resulted in endothelial cell damage, followed by increased leukocyte attachment and accumulation of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in lesions. Interestingly, II-13–induced atherosclerosis was blocked by pretreatment of animals with F(ab) 2 segments derived from the antibody, but not mouse IgG F(ab) 2. . Conclusions— Autoantibodies recognizing amino acid residues 288 to 366 of HSP60 induce atherosclerosis via the mechanisms of autoimmune reactions to HSP60 expressed on arterial endothelial cells, which can be prevented by F(ab) 2 segments derived from these antibodies.
Simultaneous determination of plasma mevalonate and 7 ?-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one levels in hyperlipoproteinemia: Convenient indices for estimating hepatic defects of cholesterol and bile acid syntheses and biliary cholesterol supersaturation
Authors: Junichi Shoda, Jiro Miyamoto, Masahito Kano, Tadashi Ikegami, Yasushi Matsuzaki, Naomi Tanaka, Toshiaki Osuga, Hiroshi Miyazaki
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The high prevalence of cholesterol gallstone disease in hypertriglyceridemic patients may be associated with frequent metabolic defects in cholesterol and bile acid syntheses and in the concomitant formation of bile supersaturated with cholesterol. This study had the two aims: (1) to assess whether the defects as well as the degree of biliary cholesterol supersaturation in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) can be estimated by the simultaneous determination of plasma mevalonate (MVL) and 7 α–hydroxy–4–cholesten–3–one (C4); and (2) to assess the possible application of an estimated cholesterol saturation index ([CSI]E) as a means of evaluating the clinical effects of simvastatin on biliary lipid composition. Biliary cholesterol supersaturation was observed in patients with both IIa and IV HLP types. Consistent with the high activity and steady–state messenger RNA level of 3–hydroxy–3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG–CoA) reductase, plasma MVL was significantly higher in 86 patients with HLP (38 type IIa, 44.1 ± 2.4 nmol/L and 48 type IV, 56.7 ± 2.3; P &lt; .01) than in 41 normolipidemic subjects (34.2 ± 1.5), closely correlating with the molar percentage of cholesterol in bile ( r = .61, P = .0001; n = 86). On the other hand, consistent with the high activity and messenger RNA level of cholesterol 7 α–hydroxylase, plasma C4 was significantly higher in patients with HLP (type IIa, 28.8 ± 2.3 nmol/L and type IV, 38.3 ± 2.7; P &lt; .01) than in normolipidemic subjects (17.4 ± 1.5). Plasma C4 was closely correlated with plasma MVL ( r = .40, P = .0001; n = 86), but was inversely correlated with the molar percentage of bile acids in bile ( r = .49, P = .0001; n = 86). Assuming that cholesterol supersaturation in patients with HLP may be governed by both an enhanced cholesterol secretion (closely reflected by plasma MVL) and a decreased secretion of bile acids (closely reflected by plasma C4), the multivariate linear regression–analyses revealed that an index defined as estimated CSI ([CSI]E) (%) in patients with HLP was given by the following equation using plasma MVL and C4 (nmol/L): [CSI]E = 1[MVL] + 0.7[C4] + 44.4. Biliary cholesterol supersaturation in patients treated with simvastatin improved in a manner parallel to the time course of decreases in plasma MVL and C4. The [CSI]E before and at the end of treatment were correlated with biliary CSI. These results indicate that defects of hepatic cholesterogenesis, and bile acid synthesis, and the degree of biliary cholesterol supersaturation in patients with HLP can be estimated exactly by the simultaneous determination of plasma MVL and C4; furthermore [CSI]E may be adopted for clinical use as a convenient index of biliary CSI.
Clinical advantages of dual activity in allergic rhinitis
Authors: F. Horak
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis include sneezing; itching of the eyes, nose, and throat; nasal obstruction; and rhinorrhoea; they may be seasonal or perennial, depending on the causative allergen. The major symptom of perennial allergic rhinitis is nasal obstruction. Sneezing and rhinorrhoea are often present, but are less troublesome than in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Symptom relief is a priority in allergic rhinitis because patients have a severely impaired quality of life. The nasal vascular system is complex. Histamine acts on postcapillary venules during both the immediate and late phase of reactivity and causes plasma extravasation. Other inflammatory mediators can also induce this reaction. Thus, histamine antagonists that also have some additional antiallergic properties have advantages in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Mizolastine is a second‐generation antihistamine that has been shown, in experimental studies, to possess 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitory properties in addition to its H 1 ‐receptor antagonistic activity. In the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, mizolastine 10 mg/day has been shown to be effective in reducing nasal and ocular symptoms. It has been shown to be significantly more effective than placebo with a greater percentage of responders. Another study has shown that symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis in mizolastine‐treated patients were reduced more significantly than in cetirizine‐treated patients on the second and third days of treatment. In perennial allergic rhinitis, mizolastine significantly improved symptoms of nasal obstruction compared with placebo and also significantly reduced nasal membrane colour, nasal secretions, and mucosal swelling as shown by rhinoscopy. These effects were maintained over a 5‐month treatment period. Mizolastine has also been shown to be at least as effective as loratadine, and in one trial even superior in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis.
Treatment of Patients with Chronic Somatic Symptoms by Means of Art Psychotherapy: A Process Description
Authors: Töres Theorell, Kristoffer Konarski, Hugo Westerlund, Ann-Margret Burell, Robert Engström, Ann-Mari Lagercrantz, Judith Teszary, Karin Thulin
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

Inability to express emotions is common in patients with long-lasting somatic symptoms associated with incapacitation and impaired quality of life. One method for treating this inability is art psychotherapy. In this study the typical course in such treatments is described. Patients were followed longitudinally before therapy and every 4th to 6th month during the treatment.Patients with long-lasting psychosomatic conditions resulting in partial or total loss of working capacity for at least 1 year have been treated in the programme. All of them had chronic pain. The majority of the patients that were referred to us were offered treatment. Three-fourths of those who started treatment stayed in treatment as long as the therapist considered it optimal. Twenty-four patients (22 women and 2 men) in the present study had their treatment started on average 2 years (range 13-42 months) before the end of the treatment period. In addition these 24 patients were contacted 6-48 months after the end of the therapy (average 23 months) and a short post-evaluation was made by telephone.The first year of treatment was characterized by emotional turmoil paralleled by increased energy level reflected in temporary elevation of serum uric acid. Significant improvement was observed with regard to anxiety-depression after one year of treatment. A tendency towards decreased levels of psychosomatic symptoms in general was observed after two years of treatment. One-fourth of the 20 non-working or part-time working patients increased their working activity.A slow partial recovery was observed. Art psychotherapy may have contributed to this.
Effectiveness of Preoperative PET Examination of Huge Angiosarcoma of the Heart
Authors: Shigeaki Higashiyama, Joji Kawabe, Takehiro Hayashi, Hiroko Kurooka, Ai Oe, Etsushi Kawamura, Susumu Shiomi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We report a 60-year-old-woman with a huge intracardiac angiosarcoma in whom preoperative F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET was useful for confirming malignancy of the tumor and determining whether surgery was indicated for it. Her chief complaint was dyspnea. Because she was suspected to have a huge intracardiac tumor on the basis of transthoracic echocardiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings, FDG PET was performed, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the tumor was found to be 5.6. Because other tests and SUV level suggested a malignant cardiac tumor, surgical resection of it was attempted. On histopathological examination, the tumor was found to be an angiosarcoma. Our experience with this case indicates that, when dealing with patients suspected to have very large tumors, FDG PET is useful in examination for malignant potential and is indispensable in exploration for distant metastases.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: Stanford Wessler
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Dr. Ione Kourides, Intern in Medicine, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis: A 52-year-old white married woman was first hospitalized in 1964 because of pain in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, fatigue, and pruritus. Examination revealed jaundice, hepatomegaly, and a palpable adnexal mass on the left side. Significant laboratory test results included the following: total serum bilirubin, 2.7 mg/100 cc: direct bilirubin, 1.4 mg/ 100 cc; alkaline phosphatase, 25 Bodansky units; serum cholesterol, 384 mg/100 cc; phospholipids, 545 mg/100 cc. The prothrombin time was normal. A liver scan demonstrated multiple small filling defects. At laparotomy a chronic inflammatory pelvic process with omental adhesions circumscribing the left oviduct was found. No neoplastic tissue was identified and findings from exploration of the gallbladder and bile duct were unremarkable. A liver biopsy however was histologically consistent with biliary cirrhosis. In 1966, the patient was readmitted to the hospital because of severe pain
901-98 Are Indirect Markers an Accurate Measure of Free Radical Activity Following Primary Angioplasty Reperfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Ever D. Grech, Nicholas J. Dodd, E. Brian Faragher, Ronald A. Muirhead, Malcolm J. Jackson, David R. Ramsdale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus conference
Authors: John McConnell
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2013)

"Now is not the time to start raising the anxiety level about MERS", said Brian McCloskey (Public Health England [PHE], London, UK), at a meeting on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) organised by PHE in London on July 9. Of the 80 confirmed cases on the day of the meeting, all have occurred in or been linked to the Middle East, and the virus seems to be spreading slowly. The first case treated in the UK, a 49-year-old Qatari man, died in June after heroic efforts to save his live, including 231 days of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, reported Chris Langrish (Guy's and St Thomas', London).
Abstract 4021: Genetic studies identify a map of redox signaling pathways in <i>Drosophila</i>
Authors: Brian P. James, William Staatz, Elizabeth Clark, Jonathan Lu, Garth Powis
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Altered redox signaling, a consequence of oxidative stress and hypoxia, is seen in many human cancers and there is compelling evidence that altered redox signaling leads to tumorigenesis and aggressive tumor growth. In order to survive redox stress, tumor cells must initiate an adaptive response that facilitates both survival and drug resistance. The response to oxidative stress is largely restricted to tumor cells and thus offers a selective target for drug development. While it is clear that redox signaling is an important cellular response, our understanding of redox signaling pathways is rudimentary, and a map of redox signaling pathways comparable to that for protein phosphorylation is not available. In order to identify novel redox signaling genes we have undertook a classical dominant modifier screen in Drosophila melanogaster. Redox homeostasis is maintained in humans and Drosophila by scavenger systems such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin (Trx). In humans, Trx and glutathione are reduced and regenerated by thioredoxin reductase (Trxr) and glutathione reductase. Drosophila, and possibly insects in general, have only one glutathione/thioredoxin reductase gene encoded by the thioredoxin reductase-1 gene (Trxr-1). Thus, in Drosophila Trxr-1 serves as the starting point for all redox reactions in the cell and mutational disruption of the Trxr-1 gene leads to a genetically redox stressed animal suitable for screening. We screened a collection of second and third chromosome deficiency lines to identify genomic regions that dominantly suppress, or enhance the semi-lethal phenotype of Trxr-1 mutants. Our initial screen identified 18 genomic regions that dominantly suppress or enhance Trxr-1 mutants. We used overlapping deficiencies to validate and narrow down 9 genomic regions and have identified six individual genes with multiple alleles that show suppressing or enhancing phenotypes in four of these regions including mutations in two genes associated with lipid signaling and the Toll-like receptor, 18-Wheeler. The identification of 18-Wheeler indicates that the screen was successful, as 18-Wheeler, in addition to playing a critical role in the Drosophila immune response, is a member of the redox-regulated NF-κB pathway. This screen identified several genes not previously known to be involved in redox signaling, and begins to define a map of redox signaling pathways likely conserved through evolution. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4021.
Caveolae and EDHF production
Authors: J PEARSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

See article by Graziani et al.  [8]  (pages 234–242) in this issue. 

It has been recognised for just over 50 years that endothelial cells possess abundant invaginated plasma membrane structures with a limited size range (50–100 nm diameter), first characterised by electron microscopy and suspected to be vesicles involved in transcytosis, delivering macromolecules from plasma to the subendothelium. With the recognition of the specific architecture of the vesicles they were named caveolae (“little caves”) and the major protein responsible for maintaining the basket or flask shape of the vesicles was identified in the early 1990s and named caveolin-1 [1]. Caves are well known in fairy tales to contain treasure, and the unfolding story of caveolae has already yielded many treasures.

The plasma membrane lipid composition in caveolae is compartmentalised and distinct from that of the general plasma membrane. Caveolae are thus a particularly visible example of lipid rafts–cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched areas of the membrane–and this in turn means that they are preferentially associated with certain transmembrane proteins and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked external proteins, while on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane they preferentially localise cytosolic proteins with fatty acid side chain modifications (e.g., palmitoylation or myristoylation) [2].

The number of proteins that has been claimed to be preferentially associated with endothelial caveolae and/or caveolin is steadily increasing, and caveolae are now regarded by many authors as sites where molecular complexes can be reversibly assembled in a compartmentalised fashion, and therefore serve as important structures for … 

*Tel.: +44 20 7848 6210; fax: +44 20 7848 6220. Email address: jeremy.pearson{at}kcl.ac.uk
Albanian orphans: have they a future?
Authors: J. Boyce
Journal: BMJ (1996)

At least they are alive is the most charitable comment as the young Albanians stare silently from their orphanage playpens. But the world they look out on is changing fast, and there is a big question mark over how much longer the impoverished state can support them. If the state cannot look after them what does the future hold? In countries as poor as Albania such children, many with no parents, would almost certainly be dead. Will they end up roaming the streets, like children in many South American cities, or will foreign aid come to their rescue?

Albania has an extensive range of residential institutions for children—orphanages, dystrophic homes (for slow developers), as well as psychiatric hospitals and hospitals for people with learning disabilities. But where a child ends up is a bit of a lottery. Certainly there are some perfectly normal children in the dystrophic and psychiatric hospitals. Their survival is a bizarre living memorial to the late dictator Enver Hoxha, whose regime staffed institutions with cheap state labour on the back of the time honoured communist deal “you pretend to pay us and we'll pretend to work.” The psychiatric hospital in Vlore, a town of 100000 on …
515 THE NOVEL NF-κB INHIBITOR DHMEQ SUPPRESSES THE GROWTH OF HUMAN HEPATIC CANCER CELLS THROUGH REDOX-DEPENDENT SIGNALING
Authors: M. Cervello, N. Lampiasi, A. Azzolina, N. D'Alessandro, K. Umezawa, J. McCubrey, G. Montalto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The Foreign Graduate and the ECFMG
Authors: John C. Leonard
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THERE have been many highly emotional criticisms, without foundation in fact, aimed at the Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) and its sponsoring agencies (the American Medical Association, The Association of American Medical Colleges, the American Hospital Association, Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States) during the 3 years in which 6 of their examinations have been given.<sup>1,2</sup> It is most unfortunate that unfounded statements such as the following have been published for "news" value: "Many foreign students argue that the examinations are unfair, claim they include subtly worded, semantic trap questions that would be tricky even for a native-born American. Critics, also, insist that the American Medical Association purposely makes the examinations tough, to maintain a monopoly for United States doctors—a charge the American Medical Association hotly denies."<sup>2</sup> There is, also, much loose talk concerning the number who fail the April 4, 1961, ECFMG
Aping Newtonian physics but ignoring brute facts will not transform Skinnerian psychology into genuine science or useful technology
Authors: John J Furedy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The proposal to add the behavioral momentum metaphor to Skinnerian psychology and the use of other borrowed physical explanatory concepts such as velocity and inertial mass has only superficial value. The basic problem is that, in contrast to Newtonian physics, the “laws” do not apply to a significant proportion of the phenomena to be explained, and these evidential discrepancies are ignored, rather than being used to modify the scientific explanations and improve technological applications that are based on those explanations.
Epithelium-lining macrophages in psoriasis
Authors: J.J. OORD, C. WOLF-PEETERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Epithelium‐lining macrophages are spindle‐shaped cells which line the epidermis and hair follicles. We studied the distribution and phenotype of this hitherto neglected member of the dermal monocyte/macrophage system in 25 lesional psoriatic, and five normal skin biopsies. Epithelium‐lining macrophages were inconspicuous in normal skin, whereas their number was increased in almost two thirds of psoriatic cases; in nine out of 25 lesional skin biopsies, these flattened cells formed an almost continuous single‐cell row at the dermo‐epidermal junction. Immunophenotyping revealed that these cells expressed the leucocyte common antigen CD45. and the macrophage markers CD14, CD36 and CD4, but not CD11b. Epithelium‐lining macrophages strongly expressed HLA‐DR‐antigens and CD 11a, but lacked the Langerhans cell marker CD1, and CD34. The dermal dendrocyte marker factor XIIIa was expressed in only a minority of these cells. It is concluded that epithelium‐lining macrophages represent a separate subset of dermal monocytes/macrophages with a distinct tissue localizaton and immunophenotype. Their restricted distribution and close association with the epidermis may suggest a role in the regulation of epidermal growth. Alternatively, the expression of several immune‐associated molecules may indicate that epithelium‐lining macrophages are involved in the antigen‐dependent or‐independent activation of T cell.
Iatrogenic magnesium intoxication during 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol treatment.
Authors: E Soreensen, L Tougaard, J Brochner-Mortensen
Journal: BMJ (1976)

athetosis' and may occur in psychological illnesses, especially hysteria, and with drugs such as phenothiazines and levodopa.5This report adds amodiaquine to the list.Involuntary movements after taking phenothiazines have been attributed to toxic overdose or to individual idiosyncrasy.The doses of amodiaquine in our cases were large but not large enough to be toxic.The patients' reactions were therefore probably idiosyncratic.The rarity of such cases supports this view.
A CRITIQUE OF THE SPOROZOAN THEORY OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS FROM A MICRO-TECHNICAL STANDPOINT.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: A. P. OHLMAOHER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The present condition of the sporozoan theory of the etiology of malignant tumors in man and the higher animals is one of much confusion. The student of this subject is confronted by a multitude of imperfectly digested contributions from investigators of all ranks of excellence. It is astonishing to note the variety of objects which have been assigned to the class of cancer parasites by over enthusiastic workers. Almost every object which presents itself in the histologic study of malignant tumor tissue has been described as the earcinoma organism, from the blood elements on the one hand, to the tumor cells themselves, on the other. Red blood cells, leucocytes, blood plates, invaginated cells, endogenous cell formations, irregular nuclear division products, metabolic cell products, cell-degeneration products, capillaries filled with blood corpuscles, and other objects, familiar to the careful histologist, have been interpreted as parasites by some investigator in this field. The