tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MRI-defined vascular depression
Authors: K R Krishnan, J C Hays, D G Blazer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Objective: The authors' goal was to characterize the clinical and demographic features of vascular depression.Method: They classified 89 depressed patients into two groups-those with vascular (N=32) and nonvascular (N=57) depression-on the basis of examination of brain magnetic resonance images.All of the patients were enrolled in the National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Research Center for the Study of Depression in Later Life, located at Duke University.The patients with vascular and nonvascular depression were compared on several clinical and demographic risk factors.Results: Bivariate analyses and a fully adjusted logistic regression model revealed that older age, late age at onset, and nonpsychotic subtype occurred more often in patients with vascular depression than in those with nonvascular depression.A family history of mental illness was found somewhat less often, and anhedonia and functional disability were seen somewhat more often in patients with vascular depression.Conclusions: The profile of patients with vascular depression needs to be developed further.This is likely to have important therapeutic and theoretical implications for the management of these patients.
The choice of second‐line therapy in steroid‐resistant immune thrombocytopenia: Role of platelet kinetics in a single‐centre long‐term study
Authors: Francesca Palandri, Nicola Polverelli, Lucia Catani, Daria Sollazzo, Marco Romano, Maurizio Levorato, Nicola Vianelli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

Splenectomy is a time‐honoured well established approach for patients with steroid‐resistant immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, due to the more recent availability of therapeutic options alternative to splenectomy, such as rituximab and agonists of the thrombopoietin‐receptor, the choice of second‐line therapy is challenging. Platelet kinetics has been widely used to predict response to splenectomy. We describe the outcome of 70 chronic ITP patients who performed a platelet kinetic study after failure of front‐line corticosteroids and subsequently underwent open splenectomy. After a median follow‐up from surgery of 20 years, 62 (88.5%) patients responded to splenectomy and 9 patients (13%) relapsed. Achieving a complete response (CR) significantly predicted a higher probability long‐term stable response. The pattern of platelet sequestration was predominantly splenic in 52 patients (74%), predominantly hepatic in 12 patients (17%), and diffuse in 6 (9%). Patients with nonsplenic (diffuse and hepatic) sequestration showed significantly lower overall responses compared to patients with splenic captation ( P = 0.002). A nonsplenic sequestration significantly correlated with lower CR rate and, among CR patients, predicted an increased risk of relapse. Also, the probability of stable responses in nonsplenic uptake patients was substantially lower than in patients with splenic uptake (85% vs. 50%, P = 0.0083). Platelet life span and platelet turnover did not correlate with response and relapse rate. Overall, splenic sequestration was able to predict not only a better quality, but also a higher durability of the responses. However, it should be enphasized that the response rate and duration of response even in patients with nonsplenic uptake were similar or even superior to those reported in patients treated with rituximab as first option. Am. J. Hematol. 89:1047–1050, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abstract 12372: Longitudinal Strain of Papillary Muscles in Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease: Predictor of Surgical Result?
Authors: Julia Grapsa, David Dawson, Gentjan Jakaj, Ines Z Cabrita, Benjamin Smith, Constantine E Anagnostopoulos, Prakash P Punjabi, Petros Nihoyannopoulos
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: In this study, we examined the longitudinal strain of primary papillary muscles (anterolateral and posteromedial) of the mitral valve and the left ventricle (LV) before and after repa...
Hypoxia signaling modulates neutrophil nitric oxide in a zebrafish tuberculosis model
Authors: Philip Elks, Michiel van der Vaart, Fredericus van Eeden, Herman Spaink, Sarah Walmsley, Annemarie Meijer, Stephen Renshaw
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Tuberculosis is on the rise due to the increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant strains. Further understanding of the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may lead to the identification of host-derived factors as potential therapeutic targets, circumventing bacterial resistance. We have identified hypoxic signalling, via hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha Hif-1α, as a host-derived signalling pathway that modulates the host response to infection.

There is a lack of whole organism, in vivo , models in which to study TB. Zebrafish embryos are transparent and fluorescent transgenic lines allow detailed imaging of leukocytes. Mycobacterium marinum (Mm), a close relative of Mtb, is becoming a well-accepted model for the study of TB. Hif-modulated embryos were infection with Mm and the host response was investigated.

Hif signalling was observed in infected macrophages early in pathogenesis but not at later stages. Stabilisation of Hif-1α led to decreased bacterial burden, an effect that was demonstrated to be dependent on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a bacterial killing mechanism of leukocytes. Hif-1α stabilisation primed neutrophils with increased iNOS, allowing them to better deal with Mm infection. Furthermore, live Mm were able to decrease neutrophil iNOS levels over the timecourse of pathogenesis, indicative of a reprogramming of leukocytes by Mm to allow bacterial survival.

Our data show that Hif and iNOS are important host derived immune modulators that are initially activated after Mm infection only to be downregulated later in pathogenesis. Maintaining Hif/iNOS levels may be a novel therapeutic strategy that circumvents the problem of multi-drug resistance.
Changes in Mortality Patterns Following Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty Over the Past Two Decades: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Arief Lalmohamed, Peter Vestergaard, Anthonius de Boer, Hubertus G. M. Leufkens, Tjeerd P. van Staa, Frank de Vries
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2013)

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are effective procedures for patients with moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis. Mortality rates after THA and TKA may have changed because of new surgical techniques, improvement of peri- and postoperative care, and performance of surgery in older patients having multiple comorbidities. However, data on secular mortality trends are scarce. We undertook this study to evaluate mortality patterns between 1989 and 2007 in patients undergoing elective THA and TKA.In a Danish retrospective nationwide cohort study, 71,812 patients who underwent THA and 40,642 patients who underwent TKA were identified between January 1989 and December 2007. All-cause and disease-specific mortality was assessed, stratified by calendar periods. Using Cox proportional hazards models, relative risks (RRs) of mortality were calculated between different calendar periods, adjusted for age, sex, and comorbid diseases.Since the early 1990s, short-term survival following elective THA and TKA has greatly improved. Compared with the period between 1989 and 1991, 60-day mortality rates between 2004 and 2007 were substantially lower for patients undergoing THA (RR 0.40, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.28-0.58) and for patients undergoing TKA (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.21-0.67). This trend was far superior to what was seen in the general population. The decrease in mortality was greatest for deaths from myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, pneumonia, and stroke. Patients tended to have more presurgical comorbidity over time, and the duration of hospital stay was roughly halved.Mortality rates following elective THA and TKA have decreased substantially since the early 1990s, despite patients having more presurgical comorbidity. These findings are reassuring for patients undergoing elective THA or TKA.
Abstract P329: High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein is Associated With Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among African-Americans: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Valery S Effoe, Adolfo Correa, Haiying Chen, Mary E Lacy, Alain G Bertoni
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction:  Previous studies on the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among African-Americans have been inconclusive. We assess the association between hs-CRP and incident T2DM in the Jackson Heart Study, a large African-American cohort.   Methods:  The study included 3,340 participants without T2DM at baseline (2000-2004). Incident T2DM was defined as fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl, physician diagnosis, use of diabetes drugs, or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% at one of two follow-up exams. Hs-CRP was measured by CRP-Latex assay. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for incident T2DM, adjusting for age, sex, education, alcohol, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, physical activity, HOMA IR , HDL, and triglycerides.   Results:  Participants were aged 53.3 ± 12.5 years (63% women). After a median follow-up of 7.5 years, 17.4% (581 of 3,340) developed T2DM (23.1/1000 person-years, 95%CI: 21.3 - 25.1). Hs-CRP levels were 3.5 and 2.3 mg/l in those who developed T2DM and those who did not, respectively (p IR , the association was no longer statistically significant. In adjusted obesity-stratified analysis, the hs-CRP-T2DM association appeared stronger in non-obese (BMI  -2 ) compared to obese (BMI ≥ 30 kgm -2 ) participants (P interaction = 0.01) (Figure 1). A similar pattern was observed in analysis stratified by waist circumference.   Conclusions:  In this study, the association between hs-CRP and incident T2DM is largely explained by obesity and insulin resistance measures. Our findings also suggest that hs-CRP may have an important role in T2DM development among non-obese African-Americans.
Topical methyl aminolaevulinate-photodynamic therapy in erosive facial mycosis fungoides
Authors: A. Debu, C. Girard, N. Kluger, B. Guillot, O. Dereure
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Topical methyl aminolaevulinate–photodynamic therapy in erosive facial mycosis fungoides Get access A. Debu, A. Debu Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint‐Eloi, University of Montpellier I, F‐34000 Montpellier, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Girard, C. Girard Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint‐Eloi, University of Montpellier I, F‐34000 Montpellier, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Kluger, N. Kluger Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint‐Eloi, University of Montpellier I, F‐34000 Montpellier, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Guillot, B. Guillot Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint‐Eloi, University of Montpellier I, F‐34000 Montpellier, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Dereure O. Dereure Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint‐Eloi, University of Montpellier I, F‐34000 Montpellier, France Correspondence: O. Dereure. E‐mail: o‐dereure@chu‐montpellier.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 163, Issue 4, 1 October 2010, Pages 884–885, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09898.x Published: 01 October 2010
Pharmacokinetics and safety of co-administered paritaprevir plus ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir in hepatic impairment
Authors: Amit Khatri, Rajeev M. Menon, Thomas C. Marbury, Eric J. Lawitz, Thomas J. Podsadecki, Victoria M. Mullally, Bifeng Ding, Walid M. Awni, Barry M. Bernstein, Sandeep Dutta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Identification of novel proteins involved in β-catenin dependent alveolar epithelial trans-differentiation
Authors: Kathrin Mutze, Jadranka Milosevic, Julia Kipp, Oliver Eickelberg, Melanie Königshoff
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective:  The alveolar epithelium consists of alveolar epithelial type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) cells and represents a major site of tissue destruction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Adult AT2 cells can self-renew and exert progenitor function for AT1 cells upon alveolar injury. Cell differentiation pathways enabling this plasticity, however, are poorly understood. Here we use primary cultures of murine AT2 cells as model system to identify novel proteins involved in AT2 to AT1 transdifferentiation.   Methods:  Changes in protein expression of cultured AT2 cells (day 1-5) were analyzed using 2D gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry and confirmed by qRT-PCR/immunoblotting. Primary AT2 cells form experimental fibrosis were evaluated regarding expression of genes regulated by transdifferentiation.   Results:  Beside others, we found  enolase 1  (ENO1) to be upregulated in transdifferentiating AT2 cells, whereas  carbonyl reductase 2  (CBR2) was decreased. This was accompanied by reduction in AT2 cell derived surfactant protein C (SPC) expression and increased AT1 cell T1a expression. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is upregulated during transdifferentiation and in fibrosis, resulted in decreased expression of ENO1 and T1a and stabilization of CBR2.  In vivo , CBR2 and SPC expression was decreased, whereas ENO1 and T1a expression was increased in freshly isolated fibrotic AT2 cells.   Conclusion:  Proteomic analysis revealed novel proteins differentially expressed in trans-differentiating AT2 cells. Interestingly, newly identified proteins were regulated by β-catenin  in vitro  and in experimental fibrosis  in vivo , suggesting a role in epithelial repair processes upon lung injury.
Practical clinical interventions for diet, physical activity, and weight control in cancer survivors
Authors: Wendy Demark‐Wahnefried, Laura Q. Rogers, Catherine M. Alfano, Cynthia A. Thomson, Kerry S. Courneya, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Nicole L. Stout, Elizabeth Kvale, Heidi Ganzer, Jennifer A. Ligibel
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2015)

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The importance of expanding cancer treatment to include the promotion of overall long‐term health is emphasized in the Institute of Medicine report on delivering quality oncology care. Weight management, physical activity, and a healthy diet are key components of tertiary prevention but may be areas in which the oncologist and/or the oncology care team may be less familiar. This article reviews current diet and physical activity guidelines, the evidence supporting those recommendations, and provides an overview of practical interventions that have resulted in favorable improvements in lifestyle behavior change in cancer survivors. It also describes current lifestyle practices among cancer survivors and the role of the oncologist in helping cancer patients and survivors embark upon changes in lifestyle behaviors, and it calls for the development of partnerships between oncology providers, primary care providers, and experts in nutrition, exercise science, and behavior change to help positively orient cancer patients toward longer and healthier lives. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65: 167–189. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Intracavernous Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Plus Prostaglandin E(1): Possible Alternative to Penile Implants in Selected Patients
Authors: Michael C. Truss, Armin J. Becker, Walter F. Thon, Markus Kuczyk, Mohamad H. Djamilian, Christian G. Stief, Udo Jonas
Journal: European Urology (1994)
The Role of In Vivo T-Cell Depletion On Reduced Intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation From HLA-Identical Siblings in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma: An European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Study.
Authors: Julio Delgado, Carme Canals, Michel Attal, Kirsty Thomson, Antonio Campos, Rodrigo Martino, Timothy James Littlewood, Graham H Jackson, Noel-Jean Milpied, Johann Maertens, Ann E. Hunter, Jeroen JWM Janssen, Silvia Montoto, Anna Sureda
Journal: Blood (2009)
Couples' reactions to male infertility and donor insemination
Authors: D M Berger
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The author interviewed 16 couples after the husband had been diagnosed as infertile. Eleven husbands experienced a period of impotency. Fourteen of the women experienced anger toward the husband, psychiatric symptoms, and/or dreams about their concern for the husband, a wish to be rid of him, and guilt over this wish. Ten couples had decided to pursue donor insemination; 6 had delayed 1 3/4 to 4 years after the diagnosis of infertility and had a better adjustment than 3 of the 4 couples who did not. The author believes that the total secrecy involved in donor insemination inhibits the working through of conflicts about infertility and donor insemination itself.
Organic Bioelectronics: A Lysinated Thiophene-Based Semiconductor as a Multifunctional Neural Bioorganic Interface (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 8/2015)
Authors: Simone Bonetti, Assunta Pistone, Marco Brucale, Saskia Karges, Laura Favaretto, Massimo Zambianchi, Tamara Posati, Anna Sagnella, Marco Caprini, Stefano Toffanin, Roberto Zamboni, Nadia Camaioni, Michele Muccini, Manuela Melucci, Valentina Benfenati
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)
Does routine use of EBUS-TBNA and EUS-FNA improve the accuracy of staging of non small cell lung cancer patients – A national tumor registry based study
Authors: Mark Krasnik, Anders Mellemgaard, Erik Jakobsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Evaluation of the extend of disease or stage (TNM) is a prerequisite for correct treatment of lung cancer. Several studies have showed that biopsies and fine needle aspirations obtained by EBUS-TBNA and EUS-FNA yield similar results as mediascopy, which previously have been considered the gold standard for evaluation of mediastinal nodal involvement in NSCLC. Thus EBUS-TBNA and EUS-FNA should now be considered as procedures which are equally effective as mediastinoscopy in staging while at the same time being more gentle to the patient.   Material:  We therefore used data from a population based lung cancer registry to evaluate the association between frequency of use of EBUS-TBNA/ EUS-FNA and precision of mediastinal diagnostic work-up. EUS in diagnostics and staging of lung cancer have been used in several centres for more than a decade and since 2005 several centres have inter grated EBUS TBNA in their procedures.   Results:  The material consisted of 7000 operated patients since 2003. The use of endoscopic ultrasound (EBUS-TBNA/EUS-FNA were mostly used in one region and mediastinoscopy in another. The concordance between cN and pN were higest and equal in the regionswhere mainly mediastinoscopy were used and the reion where Endoscopic Ultrasound were used   Conclusion:  For the first time it is possible to get an impression of the impact of the use of EBUS-TBNA and EUS-FNA in a national populationof lung cancer patients. The were no difference in the cN/pN ratio in the areas where they used mediastinoscopy and where they used endoscopic Ultrasound.
The glutamatergic basis of human alcoholism
Authors: G Tsai, D R Gastfriend, J T Coyle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

Although alcoholism is one of the most common psychiatric diagnoses, understanding of its pathophysiology remains poor. Accumulating evidence suggests that neurophysiological and pathological effects of ethanol are mediated to a considerable extent through the glutamatergic system. This article reviews the evidence of ethanol's effects on glutamatergic transmission and proposes a glutamatergic basis for alcoholism.The information was derived from original research. The authors located more than 100 articles from psychiatry and neuroscience journals that related ethanol to glutamatergic transmission. They critically reviewed the neurobiology of the glutamatergic system in alcoholism and synthesized a unifying glutamatergic theory.Acute effects of ethanol disrupt glutamatergic neurotransmission by inhibiting the response of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Prolonged inhibition of the NMDA receptor by ethanol results in development of supersensitivity; acute removal of ethanol causes marked augmentation of activity of postsynaptic neurons, such as those in the noradrenergic system, and, in the extreme, glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Neurobiological effects of alcoholism, such as intoxication, withdrawal seizures, delirium tremens, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, and fetal alcohol syndrome, can be understood as a spectrum of consequences of ethanol's effect on the glutamatergic system.A host of findings support the hypothesis that the unifying mechanism of action of ethanol in interference with glutamatergic neurotransmission, especially through the NMDA receptor. Alcoholism may be considered another member of the expanding family of glutamate-related neuropsychiatric disorders. These insights should increase understanding of the biologic vulnerabilities leading to ethanol abuse and dependence and aid development of more effective pharmacologic interventions.
Periodontitis: a host‐mediated disruption of microbial homeostasis. Unlearning learned concepts
Authors: P. Mark Bartold, Thomas E. Van Dyke
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2013)

Abstract New concepts evolve when existing ones fail to address known factors adequately or are invalidated by new evidence. For decades periodontitis has been considered to be caused by specific bacteria or groups of bacteria and, accordingly, treatment protocols have largely been based on anti‐infective therapies. However, close inspection of current data leads one to question whether these bacteria are the cause or the result of periodontitis. Good evidence is emerging to suggest that it is indeed the host response to oral bacteria that leads to the tissue changes noted in gingivitis. These changes lead to an altered subgingival environment that favors the emergence of ‘periodontal pathogens’ and the subsequent development of periodontitis if the genetic and external environmental conditions are favorable for disease development. Thus, it seems that it is indeed the initial early host‐inflammatory and immune responses occurring during the development of gingivitis, and not specific bacteria or their so‐called virulence factors, which determine whether periodontitis develops and progresses. In this review we consider these concepts and their potential to change the way in which we view and manage the inflammatory periodontal diseases.
Outbreaks of hepatitis A associated with immigrants travelling to visit friends and relatives
Authors: Pere Godoy, Sonia Broner, Sandra Manzanares-Laya, Ana Martínez, Ignasi Parrón, Caritat Planas, Maria-Rosa Sala-Farré, Sofia Minguell, Patricia Garcia de Olalla, Mireia Jané, Angela Dominguez
Journal: Journal of Infection (2015)
Manufacturing process helps Scottish hospital halve MRSA rates
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A system used to monitor variation in manufacturing processes in industry is proving successful in helping one of Scotland's largest hospitals control methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection at a time when rates are rising throughout the United Kingdom.

New cases of MRSA infection at Glasgow Royal Infirmary have fallen to about half the levels experienced before the system was introduced in November 1999, down from 40–50 per month to 20–30 per month.

A report by Glasgow's director of …
Left Ventricular Mechanical Dyssynchrony in Acute Onset Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hidekazu Tanaka, Masaki Tanabe, Marc A. Simon, Randall C. Starling, David Markham, Vinay Thohan, Paul Mather, Dennis M. McNamara, John Gorcsan
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Intracytoplasmic Localization (icl) of P-glycoprotein (gp-170) As a Prognostic Factor in De-novo Acute Myeloblastic-leukemia (aml)
Authors: Jean-Luc Gala, Augustin Ferrant, D D Ma, P. Martiat, C. Doven, André Delannoy, Jl. Michaux
Journal: Blood (1994)