tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hay fever – a Finnish nationwide study of adolescent twins and their parents
Authors: M. Räsäsnen, T. Laitinen, J. Kaprio, M. Koskenvuo, L A. Laitinen
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Background Like other atopic diseases, hay fever is known to cluster in families. This clustering is due either to effects of a shared family environment or to genetic inheritance. By comparing the occurrence of hay fever among monozygous (MZ) and dizygous (DZ) twin pairs, we were able t o estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors in the development of hay fever. Methods A questionnaire mailed to a nationwide sample of 2483 families with 16‐year‐old twins furnished data for the cumulative incidence of physician‐diagnosed hay fever among these adolescents and their parents. Results Among the 1765 twin pairs with data available for analysis, hay fever was reported for 14.1% of boys (95% CI = 12.4‐15.8%) and 10.0% of girls (95% CI=8.6‐11.4%). The MZ twin pairs (probandwise concordance rate=60.3%, 95% CI=52‐68%) were significantly more concordant for hay fever than were DZ twin pairs (31.5%, 95% Cl=26‐36%). Genetic factors accounted for 74‐82% of the interindividual variability in liability to hay fever, variation in shared family environment for 7% at most, and unique (individual) environment for 18%. Conclusions Familial occurrence of hay fever is mainly due to genes predisposing to the trait. Environmental exposures shared in common by family members but varying between families appear to account for at most a modest proportion of the variability in risk of developing hay fever.
ABC of palliative care: HIV infection and AIDS
Authors: C. G A Wood, S. Whittet, C. S Bradbeer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

When AIDS first emerged as a clinical problem, some 15 years ago, many patients died early from acute illnesses such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.Cumulative experience and increased awareness have led to the use of prophylaxis, earlier diagnosis, and more effective treatments for HIV itself and the many complications of HIV infection and AIDS.As a result, patients with AIDS now have improved survival but are more likely to experience months or years of increasing dependency, punctuated by episodes of acute illness.Currently, the clinical picture is changing through the use of new combinations of antiretroviral drugs, which improve patients' wellbeing and delay disease progression.They are not, however, a cure.Three drugs are usually used in combination, resulting in problems with drug interactions and compliance.During the later stages of the disease many patients prefer to remain at home whenever possible, relying on the support of community services.Hospices are then used when residential respite care is needed.In addition, many patients have also been choosing to die at home or in a hospice rather than in hospital.This has meant that increasing numbers of people who are not specialists in HIV infection are needing to become familiar with managing HIV infection, especially in advanced or terminal cases.Some people with AIDS are very well informed about the illness and may also have experience of caring for partners and friends with AIDS.They can be a valuable source of knowledge for the health workers looking after them.Others are less well informed or are too bewildered and frightened to express their needs clearly.The complexity of the issues involved means that open discussion with patients is needed in order to help establish their medical and personal priorities, and to allow agreement to be reached in balancing realistic therapeutic goals and quality of life.
Dermoscopy of basosquamous carcinoma
Authors: J. Giacomel, A. Lallas, G. Argenziano, C. Reggiani, S. Piana, Z. Apalla, G. Ferrara, E. Moscarella, C. Longo, I. Zalaudek
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare and potentially aggressive tumour, characterized by clinical and pathological features of both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It is reported to have a nonspecific clinical presentation, which makes naked-eye diagnosis a challenge.To describe the dermoscopic patterns of BSC, which may facilitate early diagnosis and accurate management.This was a retrospective evaluation of clinical and dermoscopic images of histopathologically proven BSC, collected from skin cancer centres in Australia (Perth), Greece (Thessaloniki) and Italy (Naples, Reggio Emilia).Twenty-two tumours were included in the study. Our analysis revealed that the dermoscopic pattern of BSC comprises BCC-related criteria, as well as features that are known to characterize invasive SCC. The most frequently detected criteria were: unfocused (peripheral) arborizing vessels (73%), keratin masses (73%), white structureless areas (73%), superficial scale (68%), ulceration or blood crusts (68%), white structures (64%), blue-grey blotches (59%) and blood spots in keratin masses (55%). Notably, all but one of the tumours exhibited at least one BCC-related plus one SCC-related dermoscopic feature.BSC appears to have overlapping dermoscopic features of BCC and invasive SCC, and detection of at least one dermoscopic criterion of both BCC and SCC should raise suspicion for the tumour. Appreciation of the dermoscopic patterns of BSC might assist in the timely and accurate diagnosis and subsequent optimal management of this unusual and potentially metastatic skin tumour.
Pharmacology of fibrosis and tissue injury
Authors: Milos Chvapil
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Methods controlling tissue fibrosis are classified into those specifically inhibiting various metabolic aspects of collagen selectively in the injured tissue (ascorbic acid deficiency, effect of agent chelating Fe2+, proline analogs, lathyrogens). The most promising method seems to be the blocking of crosslinks formation among collagen molecules by β-aminopropionitrile, a competitive inhibitor of a crosslinking enzyme, lysyl oxidase. The second group of methods is called nonspecific, as they affect any stage of inflammatory process preceding the activation of fibroblasts. The importance of activated macrophages in the stimulation of fibroblast is discussed. Finally, a new concept is proposed, indicating the function of zinc ions in the control of the integrity of biomembrances, tissue reactivity to noxious agents. It is suggested that zinc may control NADPH dependent lipid peroxidation at the membrane level by inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity. The implication of these ideas to lung fibrosis induced by silica or asbestos is discussed.
Naming of parts
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A little girl, aged 3, came to tea at our house. I offered her orange juice. “No thanks,” she said brightly. “It gives me a sore minnie.” She peered into her knickers to show me. “Look, just there.”

I envied that child, who refers to her external genitalia as freely and accurately as to her fingers or toes. When I was her age I was taught that I had a nothing, an absence of willy, or, if there was no way of avoiding reference to the unmentionable, a thingy. At the age of 12 I found …
Strategies for integrating biological theory, control systems theory, and Pavlovian conditioning
Authors: Karen L. Hollis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

To make possible the integration proposed by Domjan et al., psychologists first need to close the research gap between behavioral ecology and the study of Pavlovian conditioning. I suggest two strategies, namely, to adopt more behavioral ecological approaches to social behavior or to co-opt problems already addressed by behavioral ecologists that are especially well suited to the study of Pavlovian conditioning.
Genetic linkage of two intragenic restriction fragment length polymorphisms with von Willebrand's disease type IIA. Evidence for a defect in the von Willebrand factor gene.
Authors: C L Verweij, R Quadt, E Briët, K Dubbeldam, G B van Ommen, H Pannekoek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), using the enzymes Bgl II and Xba I in conjunction with human von Willebrand factor (vWF) cDNA probes, have been described previously. In the present study we demonstrate the localization of both genetic markers within the vWF gene. The RFLPs were used to study the segregation of alleles associated with von Willebrand's disease (vWD) type IIA in a comprehensive, affected family. Individuals of this family were tested for their bleeding time and their plasma was analyzed for vWF antigen concentration and vWF ristocetin-cofactor activity. Based on these data, the affected members were diagnosed as vWD type-IIA patients; this conclusion was confirmed by the analysis of the multimeric vWF pattern of some of the patients. It was demonstrated that both RFLPs are completely linked with the vWD type-IIA trait. From this finding, we conclude that the defect that causes the vWD type IIA is most likely due to a mutation in the vWF gene and not to a mutation in a gene involved in posttranslational processing of the vWF protein.
Controlled trial of penicillamine in severe rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J R Golding, F M Andrews, V Camp, A T Day, A M Freeman, D N Golding, A G Hill, W H Lyle, A G Mowat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

abandoned but this change has taken place over the period that you mention.Could some of the improvement of results have been the abandoning of immobilization therapy ?PROF.DE BLECOURT Immobilization was not used.We saw in the beginning too many patients treated as cases of tuberculosis or immobilized for other reasons and com- pletely crippled, and initially there was a marked shortage of physiotherapists, but nowadays we have quite a number of very skilled physiotherapists and physiotherapy was much better in the later than in the earlier years.DR. A. G. S. HILL (Stoke Mandeville) Do we all mean the same thing when we talk about peripheral joints and would your figures be different if you separated the inter- mediate joints of the extremities from the true peripheral joints, i.e. those of the hands and feet.PROF.DE BLIE COURT The peripheral joints involved were the knees, elbows, ankles, hands, and feet, not the shoulders and hips.The intermediate joints (knees mostly)were more frequently affected than the feet and hands.D R.
A Purely Cosmetic Procedure
Authors: Alan Rockoff
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND COMORBIDITIES LIMIT IMPROVEMENTS IN QUALITY OF LIFE WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE THERAPY
Authors: Michael S. Kiernan, Duc Pham, Navin Kapur, Naveen Pereira, Kartik Sundareswaran, David Farrar, Martin Stueber, David DeNofrio, Joseph Rogers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Cell Replication in the Arterial Wall
Authors: Hiroyuki Koyama, N. Eric Olson, F. Frank Dastvan, Michael A. Reidy
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —This study examined intracellular signal events of arterial cells following balloon catheter injury to rat carotid artery. Within 30 minutes, a marked increase in extracellular signal–regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) activity was observed. This activity remained elevated for 12 hours but had decreased to control levels by day 1. No increase in ERK1/2 was detected at any later times. Injection of anti–fibroblast growth factor 2 antibody (60 mg IV) significantly inhibited the activation of ERK1/2 at 30 minutes after the injury. PD98059 (80 μmol/L), a selective inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase-1 (MEK1), decreased ERK1/2 activity in injured arteries and also reduced the medial cell replication. In contrast, PD98059 did not block the intimal cell replication at day 8. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) was expressed within hours after injury but only weakly at later times; MKP-1 was again expressed after 7 and 14 days. The expression of MKP-1 was associated with an activation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase. Injury to the arterial wall also stimulated the activity of p70 S6 kinase from 30 minutes to 12 hours, suggesting an alternative pathway in mitogenic signaling of early cell replication. These findings demonstrate that fibroblast growth factor 2–induced ERK1/2 activation promotes medial cell replication after balloon injury; however, signaling of intimal cell replication may not be linked to the MEK1-dependent ERK pathway.
Education and Roles of Personal Physicians in Medical Practice
Authors: Lawrence E. Young
Journal: JAMA (1964)

AUTHORS of many recent publications on medical care seem to agree that ideally every person should have a personal physician. However, wide differences of opinion are expressed about personal physicians from the standpoints of ( 1 ) the scope of their responsibilities, (2) their education, and (3) the systems of medical care that will facilitate their work. The objectives of this paper are to present my views, as chairman of a medical department, on these controversial areas and to describe some of the measures employed at the University of Rochester School of Medicine to improve the education of personal physicians. Departments of medicine are targets for much of the criticism directed at medical schools for their failure to give adequate preparation to students and house officers for ultimate service as personal physicians. This alleged failure is a major subject of controversy between practitioners and full-time teachers of medicine in many localities, including Monroe County in the state of New
Sterility of Norplant Packaging-Reply
Authors: Margaret E. Weber
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —We at Wyeth-Ayerst appreciate that Dr Reynolds has brought to our attention the fact that some health care providers are using the plastic tray in the Norplant system kit as a sterile field. As Dr Reynolds mentioned, an extra sterile drape is provided in the product kit for this purpose, and use of this drape as the sterile field is shown in all the audiovisual materials and in the package insert.  As a result of this information, the instructors participating in the Norplant system instruction program have been notified of this unintended use of the plastic tray, and Wyeth-Ayerst has reemphasized the labeling recommendation to use the extra sterile drape provided as the sterile field. We have also contacted each health care provider who has participated in an instruction session where the plastic tray may have been incorrectly used as a sterile field. In addition, Wyeth-Ayerst is now
Molecular phylogeny of macaques: implications of nucleotide sequences from an 896-base pair region of mitochondrial DNA
Authors: K. Hayasaka, K. Fujii, S. Horai
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

We determined the nucleotide sequences of an 896-base pair region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 20 primates representing 13 species of macaques, a baboon, and a patas. We compared these sequences and the homologous sequences from four macaques and a human against each other and deduced the phylogenetic relationships of macaques. The results from the phylogenetic analyses revealed five groups among the macaques: (1) Barbary macaque, (2) two species of Sulawesi macaques, (3) Japanese, rhesus, Taiwanese, crab-eating, and stump-tailed macaques, (4) toque, pig-tailed, and lion-tailed macaques, and (5) Assamese and bonnet macaques. The phylogenetic position of Tibetan macaque remains ambiguous as to whether it belongs to the fourth or fifth group. Phylogenetic trees revealed that Barbary macaque diverged first from the other Asian macaques. Subsequently, the four groups of Asian macaques diverged from one another in a relatively short period of time. Within each group, most of the species diverged in a relatively short period of time following the divergence of the groups. Assuming that the Asian macaques diverged from the outgroup Barbary macaque three million years ago (MYA), the divergence times among groups of Asian macaques were estimated at 2.1-2.5 MYA and within groups at 1.4-2.2 MYA. The intraspecific nucleotide diversity observed among three rhesus macaques was so large that they did not form a monophyletic cluster in the phylogenetic trees. Instead, one of them formed a cluster with Japanese and Taiwanese macaques, whereas the other two formed a separate cluster. This implies that either polymorphisms of mtDNA sequences that existed before the divergence of these three species (ca. 700,000 years ago) have been retained in rhesus macaques or introgression has occurred among the three species.
Effects of Alcohol
Authors: Charles Kaelber
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with keen interest the recent submission by Hennekens and his colleagues (242:1973, 1979) that relates daily "small to moderate amounts of alcohol" (2 oz [59.2 mL] or less) inversely to death from coronary heart disease, regardless of the type of alcohol consumed—beer, wine, or distilled spirits. In a previous report the authors identify some general biases to which their case control study may be subject.<sup>1</sup>These include (1) participation biases by the wives to volunteer for the study, (2) reporting and measurement biases by the wives who provided information about their husbands' alcohol consumption for a prior three-month period, and (3) biases related to changes in alcohol consumption because of previous health status. This report adds to the growing literature attempting to relate alcohol consumption to coronary heart disease. Reports of both positive as well as negative associations have been published along with reports
Full view of the road.
Authors: R A Weale
Journal: BMJ (1974)

THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES THE EFFECTS OF REDUCING THE LIGHT INTENSITY AT NIGHT BY THE USE OF TINTED WINDSCREENS IN CARS. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT AS MUCH LIGHT REACHES THE RETINA AS POSSIBLE. IT IS ESTIMATED THAT 40% OF ACCIDENTS ARE DUE TO VISUAL IMPEDIMENTS. NIGHT VISION DIFFERS CONSIDERABLY FROM DAY VISION AND, ALTHOUGH THE USE OF TINTS MAY BE TOLERABLE DURING THE DAYTIME, AT NIGHT THEY SHOULD NOT BE USED. ANTIGLARE GLASSES FOR NIGHT USE CANNOT BE JUSTIFIED. TINTED VISORS, WORN BY MOTORCYCLISTS, CONSTITUTE AN UNNECESSARY HAZARD AT NIGHT. ALL TRANSPARENT SCREENS USED AT NIGHT SHOULD BE CLEAR AND SHOULD HAVE MAXIMUM TRANSMITTANCE OF LIGHT. ANY LIGHT FILTERING REQUIRED DURING DAYLIGHT SHOULD BE PROVIDED BY ACCESSORY BUT REMOVABLE MEANS.
KEY ISSUES INFLUENCING THE MANAGEMENT OF RISKS IN THE AUSTRALIAN FITNESS INDUSTRY – COMBINING LEGAL PERSPECTIVES WITH INJURY PREVENTION APPROACHES
Authors: P Keyzer, CF Finch, KI Norton, J Dietrich, B. Sekendiz, I Coyle
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The Australian Fitness Industry Risk Management Project considers 1) How does Australian regulation currently control risk management in the fitness industry and thereby prevent adverse health outcomes and injury, and the legal liability associated with those risks? 2) What sustainable changes could be made to Australian regulation for more effective risk management in the health and fitness industry in order to prevent the risk of adverse health outcomes and injury, and the legal liability associated with those risks?. Objective Develop new best practice benchmarks to improve safety in the fitness industry and reduce the risk of adverse health and injury outcomes. Setting Australia-wide fitness facilities. Participants 1178 respondents from Australian fitness facilities. 62% female. Mean age, 40 years. 46% self-employed or sole traders. 2% were part-time employees of a fitness facility. Interventions Observational, ecological study. Based on nominal group technique applied within focus groups in four States of Australia, we developed a national survey that included 45×6-point Likert scale items that were factor analysed. The survey was administered online during May-June 2013 and promoted mainly through social media and direct e-marketing. Results Focus group respondents reported (lack of) education and supervision, (poor) technique, (defective) equipment, (unsuitable) environment and overcrowding as principal issues, while also raising issues of scope of practice, defective pre-exercise screening, medical risks associated with de-conditioned clients, inappropriate nutritional advice, inadequacy of qualifications and unrealistic client expectations. The survey designed around these themes identified three key challenges for the fitness industry: management implementation &amp; monitoring of safety policy; client training/education in exercise programmes; and maintenance, design &amp; operation of the facility/equipment. Conclusion The key challenges require legal and fitness setting specific solutions to address key risks. Ongoing management within the fitness industry will ensure these are appropriate and can be implemented.
Haemodynamic effects of low-dose isoproterenol and aminophylline after coronary embolization in dogs
Authors: R. E. FALICOV, H. LIPP, L. RESNEKOV, S. KING
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Left coronary embolization with mercury (0·2 ml.) produced severe, progressive left ventricular failure in closed-chest, anaesthetized dogs. The administration of isoproterenol in low doses (0·03 (μg/kg/min) resulted in a significantly increased cardiac output and peak left ventricular dP/dt and a markedly decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, without any change in the heart rate or the production of ventricular dysrhythmias. The addition of aminophylline (50 mg plus 150 (μg/kg/min) produced a further increase in peak dP/dt but did not improve the cardiac output or decrease the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. It is suggested that isoproterenol given in low doses with aminophylline which will not affect heart rate or cause ventricular dysrhythmias may be of haemodynamic benefit during acute left ventricular failure caused by myocardial ischaemia.
How big is the problem of medical negligence?
Authors: D. Bolt
Journal: BMJ (1984)

oldest case of fibrolamellar hepatoma to be reported.Her serum B12 concentration was actually low (96 pmol/l (130 ng/l); normal range 147-737 pmol/l (200-1000 ng/l)) al- though the binding capacity was not measured.We have showed that measurement of urinary dopa metabolites may be misleading, that fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma is not confined to the young, and that thorough investigation of a mass in the liver of a 65 year old is always necessary.
"Beau de Jour"--a male doctor who bought and sold sex
Authors: C. Brewer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Do you remember that “Belle de Jour: Diary of a London Call Girl” stuff from a couple of years ago? Brooke Magnanti financed her paediatrics doctoral degree at Bristol through upmarket prostitution and then made even more money by writing her memoirs, first published online on the “Belle de Jour” blog—but it’s not only women who sell their bodies. Many years ago, when I worked briefly in a tropical university hospital, a senior clinician told me the following story.

When he qualified in London in the mid-1940s, homosexuality was illegal and difficult to come across in a …