tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Slicing, Stacking and Rolling: Fabrication of Nanostructured Collagen Constructs from Tendon Sections
Authors: Kyle A. Alberti, Qiaobing Xu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

A novel method for fabricating both multilayer stacked 2D and 3D tubular constructs composed of sheets of aligned collagen fibers is described. These structures are created by decellularizing native tendon and sectioning the material into thin sheets using a cryo-microtome. This fabrication method preserves the collagens natural strength as well as the fiber structure which would aid in directing aligned cell growth. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Genetically determined susceptibility to COX-2 inhibitors ? a report of exaggerated responders to diclofenac 3% gel in the treatment of actinic keratoses
Authors: M.J. Patel, C. Ulrich, T. Forschner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Diclofenac 3% gel is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses (AKs) and is reported to be generally well tolerated with only mild local reactions. However, there is a subset of patients that seem to be susceptible to developing severe local reactions following application of diclofenac 3% gel. Although some of these reactions can be explained as being allergic contact dermatitis and/or photoallergic contact dermatitis, others cannot. We report a series of 10 patients who all developed severe local reactions following application of diclofenac 3% gel, despite negative diclofenac patch testing. This raises the question as to whether there is a subset of patients with skin cancer or AK lesions that are highly/more susceptible to local reactions caused by cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) agonists? We speculate that underlying molecular differences exist in these patients that make the skin more susceptible to COX‐2 inhibitors.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for seven children with X‐linked hyper‐IgM syndrome: A single center experience
Authors: Daisuke Tomizawa, Kohsuke Imai, Sukeyuki Ito, Michiko Kajiwara, Yoshiyuki Minegishi, Masayuki Nagasawa, Tomohiro Morio, Shigeaki Nonoyama, Shuki Mizutani
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (XHIM), or hyper-IgM syndrome type 1 (HIGM1), is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder susceptible to recurrent bacterial infection and opportunistic infection such as Pneumocystis carinii and Cryptosporidium parvum. The long-term outcome is quite poor, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers the only cure. Seven patients with XHIM, from age 3 to 19 years (mean 11.3 years), underwent allogeneic HSCT in our institution. Details of pre- and post-transplantation data and transplantation procedure were analyzed retrospectively. The donors were HLA-identical siblings for three patients and HLA-identical unrelated donors for four patients. All but one received conventional conditioning regimen consisting of busulfan and cyclophosphamide and prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) consisting of cyclosporine and methotrexate. Five out of seven patients are alive and well with normal CD40L expression, and four of these five are free of intravenous immunoglobulin supplementation. The two patients who died had prolonged episodes of severe and recurrent infections and organ damage. We conclude that conventional allogeneic HSCT from HLA matched related or unrelated donors is curative and feasible for XHIM patients, if performed before significant infections and organ damage occur. For the high-risk patients, an alternative approach including nonmyeloablative HSCT may be more feasible.
Sulphasalazine induced selective IgA deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J P Delamere, M Farr, K A Grindulis
Journal: BMJ (1983)

and the mean observed peak plasma metoprolol concentration by about 33%.Furthermore, the elimination half life of metoprolol was prolonged from 3-9 hours during monotreatment to 6-0 hours when ranitidine was given in combination (p<0005).There was no evidence that any of the volunteers were poor metabolisers of metoprolol.Beta-blockade was assessed on the sixth treatment day by examining the inhibition of exercise induced tachycardia three and 12 hours after the morning dose.No significant difference between monotreatment with metoprolol or atenolol and each of the two drugs combined with ranitidine could be shown.This might be because the concentration response curve of the 5-receptor antagonist becomes very shallow at the upper range of plasma concentrations.
Transit time of leukocytes rolling through venules controls cytokine-induced inflammatory cell recruitment in vivo.
Authors: U Jung, K E Norman, K Scharffetter-Kochanek, A L Beaudet, K Ley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Leukocyte recruitment requires leukocyte rolling, activation, firm adhesion, and transmigration. Injection of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha induces expression of E-selectin, interleukin-8, and other adhesion molecules and chemoattractants on the endothelial surface. TNF-alpha- treated CD18 null mouse cremaster muscle venules show increased leukocyte rolling velocity and reduced leukocyte recruitment efficiency. Leukocyte recruitment in CD18 null but not wild-type mice is significantly blocked by an mAb to E-selectin. To understand this overlap between adhesion events previously considered separate, we introduce a quantitative analysis of the efficiency of induction of rolling, conversion of rolling to adhesion, and of adhesion to transmigration. We find that CD18 and E-selectin cooperate to control the time a leukocyte needs to roll through an inflamed area and to convert rolling to firm adhesion. Leukocyte rolling time, defined as the time it takes for a rolling leukocyte to pass through a defined length of a vessel segment, emerges as a unifying parameter determining the efficiency of inducing firm adhesion, which is a rate-limiting step controlling leukocyte recruitment in inflammation. We conclude that leukocytes integrate chemoattractant signals while rolling along the endothelial surface until they reach a critical level of activation and become firmly adherent.
Denmark tries to raise life expectancy
Authors: M Dolley
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Danish government is preparing a new offensive against tobacco in the wake of a report which shows that Danes are the heaviest smokers in Europe and that the number of heavy smokers continues to rise. New legislation will force publicly funded workplaces to introduce smoking policies: 40% of hospitals, for example, have failed to implement them voluntarily.

Extra funds will be given to the Danish Council on Smoking and Health; manufacturers of nicotine chewing gum will be asked …
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Suppress the Inducibility of Nuclear Factor-κB by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Receptor-1 Down-regulation
Authors: Gabriele Imre, Volker Gekeler, Astrid Leja, Thomas Beckers, Markus Boehm
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Recently, the inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes has attracted attention in the oncologic community as a new therapeutic opportunity for hematologic and solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In hematologic malignancies, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the HDAC inhibitor (HDI), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), has recently entered phase II and III clinical trials. To further advance our understanding of their action on tumor cells, we investigated the possible effect of HDI treatment on the functionality of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway in NSCLC. We found that in the NSCLC cell lines, A549 and NCI-H460, the NF-kappaB pathway was strongly inducible, for example, by stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Incubation of several NSCLC cell lines with HDIs resulted in greatly reduced gene expression of TNF-alpha receptor-1. HDI-treated A549 and NCI-H460 cells down-regulated TNF-alpha receptor-1 mRNA and protein levels as well as surface exposure, and consequently responded to TNF-alpha treatment with reduced IKK phosphorylation and activation, delayed IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation, and attenuated NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and DNA binding. Accordingly, stimulation of NF-kappaB target gene expression by TNF-alpha was strongly decreased. In addition, we observed that SAHA displayed antitumor efficacy in vivo against A549 xenografts grown on nude mice. HDIs, therefore, might beneficially contribute to tumor treatment, possibly by reducing the responsiveness of tumor cells to the TNF-alpha-mediated activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. These findings also hint at a possible use of HDIs in inflammatory diseases, which are associated with the overproduction of TNF-alpha, such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease.
Prevalence of High Body Mass Index in US Children and Adolescents, 2007-2008
Authors: Cynthia L Ogden, Margaret D Carroll, Lester R Curtin, Molly M Lamb, Katherine M Flegal
Journal: JAMA (2010)

The prevalence of high body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents in the United States appeared to plateau between 1999 and 2006.To provide the most recent estimates of high BMI among children and adolescents and high weight for recumbent length among infants and toddlers and to analyze trends in prevalence between 1999 and 2008.The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008, a representative sample of the US population with measured heights and weights on 3281 children and adolescents (2 through 19 years of age) and 719 infants and toddlers (birth to 2 years of age).Prevalence of high weight for recumbent length (> or = 95th percentile of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts) among infants and toddlers. Prevalence of high BMI among children and adolescents defined at 3 levels: BMI for age at or above the 97th percentile, at or above the 95th percentile, and at or above the 85th percentile of the BMI-for-age growth charts. Analyses of trends by age, sex, and race/ethnicity from 1999-2000 to 2007-2008.In 2007-2008, 9.5% of infants and toddlers (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.3%-11.7%) were at or above the 95th percentile of the weight-for-recumbent-length growth charts. Among children and adolescents aged 2 through 19 years, 11.9% (95% CI, 9.8%-13.9%) were at or above the 97th percentile of the BMI-for-age growth charts; 16.9% (95% CI, 14.1%-19.6%) were at or above the 95th percentile; and 31.7% (95% CI, 29.2%-34.1%) were at or above the 85th percentile of BMI for age. Prevalence estimates differed by age and by race/ethnic group. Trend analyses indicate no significant trend between 1999-2000 and 2007-2008 except at the highest BMI cut point (BMI for age > or = 97th percentile) among all 6- through 19-year-old boys (odds ratio [OR], 1.52; 95% CI, 1.17-2.01) and among non-Hispanic white boys of the same age (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.22-2.94).No statistically significant linear trends in high weight for recumbent length or high BMI were found over the time periods 1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2003-2004, 2005-2006, and 2007-2008 among girls and boys except among the very heaviest 6- through 19-year-old boys.
Central venous pressure measurements improve the accuracy of leg raising-induced change in pulse pressure to predict fluid responsiveness
Authors: Karim Lakhal, Stephan Ehrmann, Isabelle Runge, Dalila Benzekri-Lefèvre, Annick Legras, Pierre François Dequin, Emmanuelle Mercier, Michel Wolff, Bernard Régnier, Thierry Boulain
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
First-Trimester Fasting Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Shlomit Riskin-Mashiah, Grace Younes, Amit Damti, Ron Auslender
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study found strong associations between higher levels of maternal glucose at 24-32 weeks, within what is currently considered normoglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate the associations between first-trimester fasting plasma glucose level and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Charts of all patients who delivered at our hospital between June 2001 and June 2006 were reviewed. Only subjects with singleton pregnancy and a recorded first-trimester fasting glucose level were included. Women with pregestational diabetes, fasting glucose level >105 mg/dl, or delivery <24 weeks were excluded. Fasting glucose levels were analyzed in seven categories, similar to the HAPO study. The main outcomes were development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates and/or macrosomia, and primary cesarean section. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used; significance was <0.05.A total of 6,129 women had a fasting glucose test at median of 9.5 weeks. There were strong, graded associations between fasting glucose level and primary outcomes. The frequency of GDM development increased from 1.0% in the lowest glucose category to 11.7% in the highest (adjusted odds ratio 11.92 [95% CI 5.39-26.37]). The frequency of LGA neonates and/or macrosomia increased from 7.9 to 19.4% (2.82 [1.67-4.76]). Primary cesarean section rate increased from 12.7 to 20.0% (1.94 [1.11-3.41]).Higher first-trimester fasting glucose levels, within what is currently considered a nondiabetic range, increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Early detection and treatment of women at high risk for these complications might improve pregnancy outcome.
The Practical Treatment of Backache and Sciatica
Authors: J. A Mathews
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

would suggest that the finding of a SI/S ratio of 2 influenced preto post-test probabilities to a degree similar to that detected by Khan and Khan9 for the presence of HLA-B27.A ratio of 1-25 affects pre- to post-test diagnosis in a similar fashion to the absence of HLA-B27.In a clinical situation the physician does not depend upon isolated data in order to achieve a reasonable diagnosis.The early diagnosis of anky- losing spondylitis is no exception.A variety of clinical, laboratory, and radiological data is critical.We feel that radioisotope imaging of the sacroiliac joints may be valuable when radiographs are equi- vocal.The interpretation of the data must allow for clinical pretest 'suspicion'.Bayes' theorem permits a clinically more meaningful assessment of the data.
Effect of interleukin 2 on basophil histamine release
Authors: Y. Morita, M. Goto, T. Miyamoto
Journal: Allergy (1987)

Accumulating evidence suggests a link between immediate hypersensitivity and cellular immunity. In this study, we examined the effect of interleukin 2 (IL‐2) on basophil histamine release. Histamine‐releasing activity of IL‐2 was very weak with % histamine release of 2.9 ± 1.3 (mean ± SEM, n = 9) at 1:12 dilution. IL‐2 at 1:1200 dilution slightly inhibited anti‐IgE‐induced histamine release by 22.4 ± 18.6% ( P &gt; 0.05). There was a significant potentiation of release at 1:12 dilution of IL‐2 with % enhancement of 78.7 ± 42.2 ( P &lt; 0.05). IL‐2 enhanced the calcium ionophore A23187‐induced histamine release in a dose‐dependent fashion. IL‐2 at 1:12 dilution significantly potentiated release by 28.8 ± 6.3% ( P &lt; 0.05). There was a slight suppression of formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP)‐induced histamine release at 1:1200 dilution with % inhibition of 23.4 ± 7 4 ( P &gt; 0.05). At 1:12 dilution, IL‐2 significantly potentiated FMLP‐induced release by 73.7 ± 41.6% ( P &lt; 0.05). Recombinant IL‐2 (RIL‐2) augmented anti‐IgE‐induced histamine release with a significant enhancement at 200 units/ml. Conventional IL‐2 was more potent than RIL‐2 in enhancing release. These results indicate that IL‐2 enhances basophil histamine release and some part of the effect of IL‐2 on basophils is derived from other factors contained in conventional IL‐2.
The Suicide Capital of America
Authors: David Lester
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The incidence of suicide is usually expressed as the number of suicidal deaths for every 100,000<i>living</i>persons in a given year and locale. However, the incidence of suicide can be described as a percentage of all<i>deaths</i>in a given year and locale. For example, the suicide rate as a proportion of those living increases with age in the United States, whereas the incidence as a proportion of the deaths decreases with age. To explore this, the incidence of suicide for the 57 major metropolitan areas of the United States for 1960 was computed by both methods. Unlike age, for which the two measures are inversely related, the two measures were directly related over the cities (Spearman ρ=.997). However, there were minor changes in the rankings. The suicide capital of the United States in 1960 switched from Tampa-St. Petersburg, Fla, to San Jose, Calif. Providence, RI,
Nebulized heparin in<i>Burkholderia cepacia</i>colonized adult cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: M. Ledson, M. Gallagher, C.A. Hart, M. Walshaw
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Viscous negatively charged cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum allows colonization by pathogens, inducing a chronic inflammatory response. Heparin thins sputum by decreasing the mucin molecule amino group negative charge, altering its intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and ionically shielding its polyionic moieties. It also has an anti-inflammatory effect within the lung. It may, therefore, be useful in the treatment of CF patients. In order to test this, six fully informed Burkholderia cepacia colonized stable adult CF patients, received 25,000 IU nebulized heparin sulphate daily for 7 days. Subjective sputum parameters, spirometry, platelets, coagulation parameters, and serum and sputum interleukin (IL)‐6 and ‐8 were measured before and after treatment. All patients tolerated the heparin with no evidence of bleeding, thrombocytopenia or change in coagulation parameters. There was no change in spirometry, but a reduction in interleukins (sputum IL‐6, p=0.01; sputum IL‐8, p=0.002; serum IL‐6, p=0.02; serum IL‐8, p=0.02). Sputum was easier to expectorate (p&lt;0.04), with a trend towards thinner sputum (p=0.07) but no change in sputum volume. Heparin therapy was well tolerated and had an anti-inflammatory effect, with subjective sputum mucolysis. Further studies are necessary to define the role of heparin in the treatment of cystic fibrosis patients.
Genetic heterogeneity of asthma phenotypes identified by a clustering approach
Authors: V. Siroux, J. R. Gonzalez, E. Bouzigon, I. Curjuric, A. Boudier, M. Imboden, J. M. Anto, I. Gut, D. Jarvis, M. Lathrop, E. R. Omenaas, I. Pin, M. Wjst, F. Demenais, N. Probst-Hensch, M. Kogevinas, F. Kauffmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The aim of the study was to identify genetic variants associated with refined asthma phenotypes enabling multiple features of the disease to be taken into account. Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied in 3001 adults ever having asthma recruited in the frame of three epidemiological surveys (the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), the Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Disease in Adults (SAPALDIA) and the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA)). 14 personal and phenotypic characteristics, gathered from questionnaires and clinical examination, were used. A genome-wide association study was conducted for each LCA-derived asthma phenotype, compared to subjects without asthma (n=3474). The LCA identified four adult asthma phenotypes, mainly characterised by disease activity, age of asthma onset and atopic status. Associations of genome-wide significance (p&lt;1.25×10<sup>−7</sup>) were observed between "active adult-onset nonallergic asthma" and rs9851461 flanking <i>CD200</i> (3q13.2) and between "inactive/mild nonallergic asthma" and rs2579931 flanking <i>GRIK2</i> (6q16.3). Borderline significant results (2.5×10<sup>−7</sup>&lt;p&lt;8.2×10<sup>−7</sup>) were observed between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the <i>ALCAM</i> region (3q13.11) and "active adult-onset nonallergic asthma". These results were consistent across studies. 15 SNPs identified in previous genome-wide association studies of asthma have been replicated with at least one asthma phenotype, most of them with the "active allergic asthma" phenotype. Our results provide evidence that a better understanding of asthma phenotypic heterogeneity helps to disentangle the genetic heterogeneity of asthma.
The Dangerous Vaginal Pessary
Authors: J. K. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The results have shown that adrenaline, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and histamine are powerful venoconstrictors; while nitrites and isopropylnoradrenaline dilate the venous system (see Table ).Several substances, such as adrenaline and histamine, have a dissociated action on arteries and veins, dilating the former and constricting the latter.Summary A method is described for measuring changes in tone of forearm veins.The rate of venous pressure rise and volume increase in a segment of forearm were recorded simultaneously when a proximal collecting-cuff was inflated.The results were expressed as AP/t in arbitrary units of mm.Hg pressure per ml.inflow, and defined as " venous tone " of the forearm; an increase in this ratio indicating constriction and a decrease indicating dilatation.The errors of the method and those of confirmatory methods, such as pressure changes in isolated venous systems, are discussed.Reflex constriction of the normal peripheral venous system occurred on tipping into the erect posture, with the Valsalva manceuvre, and with large venesections.Reflex venodilatation followed large cough transients.These effects were abolished when the reflex pathway was interrupted.Venodilatation followed the administration of intravenous ganglionic blocking agents, indicating that there is some resting tone in forearm veins.In heart failure, venous tone was increased, oft-n conspicuously, and fell towards the normal level (1-3 mm.Hg/ml.) on treatment.In severe anaemia, venous tone was also increased though the arteries were moderately dilated; the critical level of haemoglobin was 40%, and the plot of venous tone increase against haemoglob.ndecrease bore a resemblance to the plot of cardiac output against haemoglobin.In severe beriberi the venous system was constricted in spite of maximal dilatation of the arteries.Adrenaline, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and histam :ne were powerful venoconstrictors.Nitrites dilated the venous system, as did isopropylnoradrenaline.
GALL DUCT OBSTRUCTION CAUSED BY MOVABLE KIDNEY.
Authors: MARTIN B. TINKER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The association of biliary tract affections with movable kidney has received but little notice in American medical literature, in spite of great activity in abdominal surgery in this country in recent years. The condition is, I believe, not especially rare or unusual, but of relative frequency. In contrast to the infrequent mention of gall-tract affections in association with movable kidney, gastric and intestinal indigestion have been frequently mentioned in this connection. The relation between certain cases of appendicitis and movable kidney has also been emphasized by Edebohls and others and appropriate surgical treatment recommended. That extreme renal mobility should cause appendicitis in some cases, gastric disturbance in others, and not affect the near neighbors of these organs, the gall bladder and biliary ducts is hardly conceivable. That such obstruction actually does occur, I have had opportunity to observe in two cases during the past four years, in which severe, repeated