tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Target Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease
Authors: Chester B. Good
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters16 August 2005Target Blood Pressure and Kidney DiseaseChester B. Good, MD, MPHChester B. Good, MD, MPHFrom the VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-4-200508160-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Sarnak and colleagues (1) presented an observational follow-up of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study. They reported that after a total of 10 years, the hazard ratio for time to progression to kidney failure in the low blood pressure group was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.82) compared with the usual blood pressure group. However, in presenting this optimistic report, they seem to ignore the 2-ton gorilla in the living room. A total of 10.1% of patients in the low blood pressure group died compared with 6.3% in the usual blood pressure group, a ...Reference1. Sarnak MJ, Greene T, Wang X, Beck G, Kusek JW, Collins AJ, et al. The effect of a lower target blood pressure on the progression of kidney disease: long-term follow-up of the modification of diet in renal disease study. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:342-51. [PMID: 15738453] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Effect of a Lower Target Blood Pressure on the Progression of Kidney Disease: Long-Term Follow-up of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Mark J. Sarnak , Tom Greene , Xuelei Wang , Gerald Beck , John W. Kusek , Allan J. Collins , and Andrew S. Levey Target Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease Yujiro Kida Target Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease Mark J. Sarnak , Andrew S. Levey , and Tom Greene Metrics 16 August 2005Volume 143, Issue 4Page: 310KeywordsBlood groupsBlood pressureConflicts of interestDietHypotensionMedical dialysisRenal diseasesRenal failure ePublished: 16 August 2005 Issue Published: 16 August 2005 CopyrightCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Amyloid Deposits: Clinical Case Report
Authors: L. Gandolfi, A. Colecchia, P. Leo, G. Caletti, A. Rossi, A. Primerano, F. Torresan
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

A case of systemic amyloidosis of the digestive tract is described here, with particular attention to the endoscopic ultrasonography aspects, characterized by a wide-spread thickening of the stomach and rectum walls, with loss of the normal layer structure of the mucosa and submucosa. Endoscopic ultrasonography, especially in pseudotumoral forms, may contribute to the differential diagnosis from neoplastic lesions, in which the wall thickening appears to be localized and accompanied by parietal infiltration.
Tweaking Microtubules to Treat Scleroderma
Authors: Jacob M van Laar, Tom W. J Huizinga
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

December 2005 | Volume 2 | Issue 12 | e415 Systemic sclerosis (SSc; also referred to as “scleroderma”) is a rare but debilitating autoimmune disease clinically characterized by skin thickening and signs and symptoms of vasculopathy, which can involve the heart, lungs, kidneys, and gut. The disease spectrum can range from limited to diffuse disease, depending on the distribution of skin involvement, specifi city of autoantibodies, and type of organ involvement. Patients with extensive skin thickening and organ dysfunction in particular are at risk of premature mortality [1]. The disease poses a challenge for the treating clinician, as no proven therapy exists that improves outcome, although recent data indicate that cyclophosphamide-based regimens may be effective in a subset of patients with early disease [2]. The etiology of SSc remains enigmatic, and few genetic and environmental predisposing factors have been identifi ed.
Rhazes. The original portrayer of smallpox
Authors: A. M. Behbehani
Journal: JAMA (1984)

THE ANNOUNCEMENT on Dec 9, 1979, by the World Health Organization of the global eradication of smallpox has inspired a number of publications to commemorate this unique and phenomenal achievement.<sup>1-4</sup>Both physicians and nonphysicians have been responsible for milestones in the long history of this disease, described by Lord Macaulay (1800-1859) as "the most terrible of all ministers of death." Although smallpox has existed since antiquity, as testified by the mummy of Pharaoh Ramses V, who died in 1157 BC, the first graphic description of smallpox and its differentiation from measles was written circa 910 AD by the Persian physician Rhazes. This original classic monograph, written in Arabic and entitled<i>A Treatise on Smallpox and Measles</i>, has been known to the West through various translations since the 15th century and constituted the main source of information on this disease for hundreds of years. The author of this treatise and
Mutations in Cypher/ZASPin patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction
Authors: Matteo Vatta, Bhagyalaxmi Mohapatra, Shinawe Jimenez, Ximena Sanchez, Georgine Faulkner, Zeev Perles, Gianfranco Sinagra, Jiuann-Huey Lin, Thuy M Vu, Qiang Zhou, Karla R Bowles, Andrea Di Lenarda, Lisa Schimmenti, Michelle Fox, Michelle A Chrisco, Ross T Murphy, William McKenna, Perry Elliott, Neil E Bowles, Ju Chen, Giorgio Valle, Jeffrey A Towbin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Ultrastructure of the Atrial, Ventricular, and Purkinje Cell, with Special Reference to the Genesis of Arrhythmias
Authors: MARIANNE J. LEGATO
Journal: Circulation (1973)

An examination of the anatomy of the atrial, ventricular, and Purkinje cells reveals that the internal composition of all cardiac myofibers is qualitatively the same: all have a single nucleus, sarcomeric and mitochondrial units, and a well-developed sarcoplasmic reticulum. There are important differences, however, in the extent and distribution of the cell membrane and its derivatives in the myofiber. The presence or absence of a transverse tubular system and the variation in the number and type of intercellular linkages explain at least some of the characteristic electrical and functional properties of individual types of cells. The overall pattern of cellular organization in working atrial, ventricular, and conducting tissue is reviewed, and possible anatomic bases for current theories of normal and abnormal impulse generation and conduction in the heart are discussed.
Death on camera
Authors: J. Neuberger
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Rabbi Julia Neuberger looks at how death and dying are now openly discussed in the media and argues that the medical profession needs to keep up with the trend

A few weeks ago, the news that Lord Winston was making a television series in which someone was to be filmed in the process of dying led to much media coverage. Some thought this was important and that modern Britons were sheltered from death as from nothing else. The majority camp argued it was an invasion of a last, very private moment, which the prurient television camera should not rest on even briefly.

Yet there is a strong argument for the sensitive depiction of “real” death, given the amount of violent death we see screened every day, through film drama and in depictions of war and starvation in news stories. We have become inured to death in the big …
Galvanic stimulation of the tongue as a prognostic index in Bell's palsy.
Authors: O. A. Peiris, D. W. Miles
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Fluoresceinretinography-Skovborg and LauitzenMast a single blood dot by ordinary ophthalmoscopy of these patients.By microscopy of the retina it is also rather unusual to find microaneurysms.These facts combined with the observation that fluorescent dots disappear quickly during treatment of the hypertension (Hodge and Dollery, 1964) indicate that the fluorescent dots are due to exudates which are not ophthalmoscopically visible.Summary Some of the results from fluoresceinretinography of diabetic patients are demonstrated, and the interpretation of some of the observations is discussed.It is concluded that most of the small fluorescent dots which appear in diabetics and hyper- tensive patients can be interpreted as small exudates rather than microaneurysms.
A Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Docetaxel between African-American and Caucasian Cancer Patients: CALGB 9871
Authors: Lionel D. Lewis, Antonius A. Miller, Gary L. Rosner, Jonathan E. Dowell, Manuel Valdivieso, Mary V. Relling, Merrill J. Egorin, Robert R. Bies, Donna R. Hollis, Ellis G. Levine, Gregory A. Otterson, Frederick Millard, Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Increased clearance of drugs, such as oral cyclosporine, that are CYP3A and/or ABCB1 (P-gp/MDR1) substrates was reported in African-American compared with Caucasian patients. We hypothesized that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of docetaxel, an i.v. administered cytotoxic and substrate for CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1, would differ between African-American and Caucasian patients. Experimental Design: We investigated population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and the pharmacogenetics of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 in African-American and Caucasian cancer patients who received docetaxel 75 or 100 mg/m2 as a 1-h i.v. infusion. Plasma docetaxel concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Clinical toxicity and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were monitored on days 8, 15, and 22 postadministration of docetaxel. Using a limited sampling strategy and nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, each patient's docetaxel clearance was estimated. Genotyping for known polymorphisms in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 was done. Results: We enrolled 109 patients: 40 African-Americans (26 males; 14 females), with a median age of 61 years (range, 29-73), and 69 Caucasians (43 males; 26 females), with a median age of 63 years (range, 38-81). There was no difference in the geometric mean docetaxel clearance between African-American patients [40.3 L/h; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 19.3-84.1] and Caucasian patients (41.8 L/h; 95% CI, 22.0-79.7; P = 0.6). We observed no difference between African-American and Caucasian patients in the percentage decrease in ANC nor were docetaxel pharmacokinetic parameters related to the genotypes studied. Conclusions: Docetaxel clearance and its associated myelosuppression were similar in African-American and Caucasian cancer patients.
Gamma Probe-Guided Resection of a Lymph Node Metastasis With I-123 in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: HANS JÜRGEN GALLOWITSCH, JOHANN FELLINGER, PETER MIKOSCH, EWALD KRESNIK, PETER LIND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

The authors report the case of a 27-year-old woman with gamma probe-guided resection of a recurrent regional lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer. Reoperation is often impaired in cases with extensive scarring because of previous surgery, high-dose radioiodine therapy, and external irradiation. In this case with nodal metastasis, the high I-123 uptake allowed more rapid intraoperative detection and influenced the surgical approach. Evidence of complete removal of tumor tissue could be given intraoperatively by measuring the tumor bed, and this was confirmed by postoperative normalization of Tg levels and a negative I-131 scan. In other locations, and especially for small solitary lesions, gamma probe-guided surgery may be a promising alternative to high dose I-131 therapy.
EphB6-null mutation results in compromised T cell function
Authors: Hongyu Luo, Guang Yu, Johanne Tremblay, Jiangping Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

So far, there is very limited knowledge about the role of Eph kinases, the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, in the immune system. Here, using EphB6–/– mice, we demonstrated that in vitro and in vivo T cell responses such as lymphokine secretion, proliferation, and the development of delayed-type skin hypersensitivity and experimental autoimmune encephalitis in EphB6–/– mice were compromised. On the other hand, humoral immune responses, such as serum levels of different Ig isotypes and IgG response to tetanus toxoid, were normal in these mice. Mechanistically, we showed that EphB6 migrated to the aggregated TCRs and rafts after TCR activation. Further downstream, in the absence of EphB6, ZAP-70 activation, LAT phosphorylation, the association of PLCγ1 with SLP-76, and p44/42 MAPK activation were diminished. Thus, we have shown that EphB6 is pivotal in T cell function.
Effect of aluminium on calcium-sensing receptor expression, proliferation, and apoptosis of parathyroid glands from rats with chronic renal failure
Authors: Ignacio González-Suárez, Manuel Naves, Carmen Díaz-Corte, José L. Fernández-Martín, Primitiva Menéndez-Rodríguez, Jorge B. Cannata-Andía
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
An Independent Scientist
Authors: Linda Ganzini
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO
Authors: Robert E. Click
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

The mixed leukocyte reaction stimulatory M-locus product of DBA/2 spleen cells was absent from thymus cells. The absence of stimulation was not a result of suppressor T cells. These findings are discussed in relation to the divergent specificity found for the inductive and effector phases of cell-mediated responses.
Profound and vacuous ambiguity
Authors: K. Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Most doctors feel the need at some time to forage in the intellectual landscapes beyond medicine, but these are difficult places for us. The landmarks that distinguish fact from fallacy, the genuinely enigmatic from the camouflaged banal, are unfamiliar. In medicine we can recognise them. But away from our discipline the paths are marked in foreign runes, and wrong turnings often end up in the quicksand of bogus profundity.

Sometimes I read things that I don't understand but am …
Misusers may receive methadone from drug centres and GPs simultaneously
Authors: E Day, A Kahn, G Georgiou
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Heroin use continues to rise in England and Wales,1 and the government has recently outlined steps to combat this increase.2 The misuse of drugs (supply to addicts) regulations of 1997 revoked the requirement for all doctors to send to the Home Office details of drug addicts. Previously, the regulations of 1973 required that “any doctor who attends a person who the doctor considers or has reasonable grounds to suspect, is addicted to any of the 14 notifiable drugs shall, within …
Metabolic Activity of the Tongue in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. A Novel Application of FDG Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Authors: Andrew M. Kim, Brendan T. Keenan, Nicholas Jackson, Eugenia L. Chan, Bethany Staley, Drew A. Torigian, Abass Alavi, Richard J. Schwab
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

The metabolic activity of the tongue is unknown in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Tongue electromyographic (EMG) activity is increased in patients with OSA. This increase in tongue EMG activity is thought to be related to either increased neuromuscular compensation or denervation with subsequent reinnervation of the muscle fibers. Increased glucose uptake in the tongue would support increased neuromuscular compensation, whereas decreased glucose uptake in the tongue would support denervation with subsequent reinnervation of the muscle fibers.To investigate the metabolic activity of the genioglossus and control upper airway muscles in obese patients with sleep apnea compared with obese control subjects.Obese subjects with and without OSA underwent a standard overnight sleep study to determine an apnea-hypopnea index. Each subject had a positron emission tomography with [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose scan in addition to noncontrast computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Glucose uptake was quantified within upper airway tissues with the standardized uptake value.We recruited 30 obese control subjects (apnea-hypopnea index, 4.7 ± 3.1 events per hour) and 72 obese patients with sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index, 43.5 ± 28.0 events per hour). Independent of age, body mass index, sex, and race, patients with OSA had significantly reduced glucose uptake in the genioglossus (P = 0.03) in comparison with obese normal subjects. No differences in standardized uptake value were found in the control muscles (masseter [P = 0.38] and pterygoid [P = 0.70]) and subcutaneous fat deposits (neck [P = 0.44] and submental [P = 0.95]) between patients with OSA and control subjects.There was significantly reduced glucose uptake in the genioglossus of patients with sleep apnea in comparison with obese normal subjects with [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography imaging. The reduction in glucose uptake was likely secondary to alterations in tongue muscle fiber-type or secondary to chronic denervation. The reduced glucose uptake argues against the neuromuscular compensation hypothesis explaining the increase in tongue EMG activity in obese patients with OSA.
Prediction of Muscle Viability after Electrical Burn Necrosis
Authors: HALUK B. SAYMAN, IRFAN URGANCIOGLU, ILHAMI USLU, TARIK KAPICIOGLU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

In this preliminary study, Tc-99m MIBI, a muscle perfusion agent, was used to assess the viability of tissues in two patients with extensive high-tension electrical burns. This proved to be an easy and definitive diagnostic procedure and a practical solution to determining the level of amputation before surgery.
The Thorax, Part A and Part B
Authors: Herbert P. Wiedemann
Journal: JAMA (1986)

As outlined by Charis Roussos in the fascinating prologue to this two-part monograph, even when the term<i>thorax</i>first entered the Greek language it had a meaning of protection. At that time, it referred to a wall-like protective device around the body, a city, or a fortress. Thus, in Homer's accounts of the war between the Greeks and the Trojans, a thorax was a leather or copper cover over a soldier's chest. By the fifth century, in concert with progress in the arts and sciences, the term thorax had undergone a gradual transformation of its meaning. Aristophanes used it to mean the anatomic chest wall of a warrior, rather than his protective breastplate. Plato, reflecting growing medical interest in internal organs, talked of the "cavity of the thorax," but included organs both above and below the diaphragm. Aristotle began to differentiate the thorax from the abdomen, and Galen stated that
An overview of techniques for the measurement of calcium distribution, calcium fluxes, and cytosolic free calcium in mammalian cells.
Authors: A B Borle
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

An array of techniques can be used to study cell calcium metabolism that comprises several calcium compartments and many types of transport systems such as ion channels, ATP-dependent pumps, and antiporters. The measurement of total cell calcium brings little information of value since 60 to 80% of total cell calcium is actually bound to the extracellular glycocalyx. Cell fractionation and differential centrifugation have been used to study intracellular Ca2+ compartmentalization, but the methods suffer from the possibility of Ca2+ loss or redistribution among cell fractions. Steady-state kinetic analyses of 45Ca uptake or desaturation curves have been used to study the distribution of Ca2+ among various kinetic pools in living cells and their rate of Ca2+ exchange, but the analyses are constrained by many limitations. Nonsteady-state tracer studies can provide information about rapid changes in calcium influx or efflux in and out of the cell. Zero-time kinetics of 45Ca uptake can detect instantaneous changes in calcium influx, while 45Ca fractional efflux ratio, can detect rapid stimulations or inhibitions of calcium efflux out of cells. Permeabilized cells have been successfully used to gauge the relative role of intracellular organelles in controlling [Ca2+]i. The measurement of the cytosolic ionized calcium ([Ca2+]i) is undoubtedly the most important and, physiologically, the most relevant method available. The choice of the appropriate calcium indicator, fluorescent, bioluminescent, metallochromic, or Ca2(+)-sensitive microelectrodes depends on the cell type and the magnitude and time constant of the event under study. Each probe has specific assets and drawbacks. The study of plasma membrane vesicles derived from baso-lateral or apical plasmalemma can also bring important information on the (Ca2(+)-Mg2+) ATPase-dependent calcium pump and on the kinetics and stoichiometry of the Na(+)-Ca2+ antiporter. The best strategy to study cell calcium metabolism is to use several different methods that focus on a specific problem from widely different angles.
Increased Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Protein Expression and Gene Copy Number in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Andrzej Badzio, Murry W. Wynes, Rafal Dziadziuszko, Daniel T. Merrick, Marta Pardo, Witold Rzyman, Anna Kowalczyk, Shalini Singh, James Ranger-Moore, Guadalupe Manriquez, Fabien Gaire, Jacek Jassem, Fred R. Hirsch
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
T cell homeostatic proliferation elicits effective antitumor autoimmunity
Authors: Wolfgang Dummer, Andreas G. Niethammer, Roberto Baccala, Brian R. Lawson, Norbert Wagner, Ralph A. Reisfeld, Argyrios N. Theofilopoulos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Development of tumor immunotherapies focuses on inducing autoimmune responses against tumor-associated self-antigens primarily encoded by normal, unmutated genes. We hypothesized that such responses could be elicited by T cell homeostatic proliferation in the periphery, involving expansion of T cells recognizing self-MHC/peptide ligands. Herein, we demonstrate that sublethally irradiated lymphopenic mice transfused with autologous or syngeneic T cells showed tumor growth inhibition when challenged with melanoma or colon carcinoma cells. Importantly, the antitumor response depended on homeostatic expansion of a polyclonal T cell population within lymph nodes. This response was effective even for established tumors, was characterized by CD8+ T cell–mediated tumor-specific cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production, and was associated with long-term memory. The results indicate that concomitant induction of the physiologic processes of homeostatic T cell proliferation and tumor antigen presentation in lymph nodes triggers a beneficial antitumor autoimmune response.