tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Obesity—A Misconception
Authors: L. H. Newburgh, Margaret Woodwell Johnston
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 February 1930Endogenous Obesity—A MisconceptionL. H. NEWBURGH, MARGARET WOODWELL JOHNSTONL. H. NEWBURGHSearch for more papers by this author, MARGARET WOODWELL JOHNSTONSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-8-815 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe physician who prescribes a low calorie diet to reduce the weight of his obese patients frequently deals with subjects who fail to lose weight during the period of observation. And the writers have satisfied their desire for an explanation of this seemingly paradoxical phenomenon by attributing it to abnormality of the endocrine glands—in particular the hypophysis, the thyroid, and the gonads. The logical conclusion to be reached from such a position is that these patients are the unfortunate victims of constitutional disease that unrelentingly causes a progressive deposition of adipose tissue, independent of activity or dietary habit. It is...References1 BENEDICTROOT FGHF: Insensible Perspiration; Arch. Int. Med., 1926, Vol. 38, p. 1. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2 JOHNSTONNEWBURGH MWLH, The Determination of Total Heat Elimination; J. Clin. Invest., Feb., 1930. Invest. Feb., 1930. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 NEWBURGHJOHNSTONFALCON-LESSES LHMWM: The Determination of Water Exchange; J. Clin. Invest. 1930, Vol. —, p. —. Google Scholar4 NEWBURGHJOHNSTONFALCON-LESSES LHMWM: The Nature of Obesity; J. Clin. Invest. 1930. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan*Presented to the American College of Physicians, Boston, April 12, 1929.†Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLow-Carbohydrate Diets, Con: The Mythical Phoenix or Credible Science?1997 Jonathan E. Rhoads Lecture. Understanding Obesity: The Unfinished BusinessInterpretation of Zinc Status Indicators in a Strenuously Exercising PopulationActual versus Self-Reported Intake and Exercise in ObesityDiscrepancy between Self-Reported and Actual Caloric Intake and Exercise in Obese SubjectsThe treatment of obesity: An analysis of methods, results, and factors which influence successFettsucht und MagersuchtA Reorientation on ObesityThe Management of Obesity in ChildhoodObesity in childhood and endocrine treatmentObesityObesity in children 1 February 1930Volume 3, Issue 8Page: 815-825KeywordsAdipose tissueDietEating habitsGonadsOverweightPituitary glandThyroid Issue Published: 1 February 1930 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pediatric Research and the Federal Minimal Risk Standard
Authors: Lainie Friedman Ross, Robert M Nelson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Routine vaccinations and child survival: follow up study in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa Commentary: an unexpected finding that needs confirmation or rejection
Authors: I. Kristensen, P. Aaby, H. Jensen, P. Fine
Journal: BMJ (2000)

To examine the association between routine childhood vaccinations and survival among infants in Guinea-Bissau.Follow up study.15 351 women and their children born during 1990 and 1996.Rural Guinea-Bissau.Infant mortality over six months (between age 0-6 months and 7-13 months for BCG, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, and polio vaccines and between 7-13 months and 14-20 months for measles vaccine).Mortality was lower in the group vaccinated with any vaccine compared with those not vaccinated, the mortality ratio being 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.53 to 1.03). After cluster, age, and other vaccines were adjusted for, BCG was associated with significantly lower mortality (0.55 (0.36 to 0.85)). However, recipients of one dose of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis or polio vaccines had higher mortality than children who had received none of these vaccines (1.84 (1.10 to 3.10) for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis). Recipients of measles vaccine had a mortality ratio of 0.48 (0.27 to 0.87). When deaths from measles were excluded from the analysis the mortality ratio was 0.51 (0.28 to 0.95). Estimates were unchanged by controls for background factors.These trends are unlikely to be explained exclusively by selection biases since different vaccines were associated with opposite tendencies. Measles and BCG vaccines may have beneficial effects in addition to protection against measles and tuberculosis.
Angiogenesis Is Enhanced in Ischemic Canine Myocardium by Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization
Authors: Noriyoshi Yamamoto, Takushi Kohmoto, Anguo Gu, Carolyn DeRosa, Craig R. Smith, Daniel Burkhoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)

Objectives. This study sought to test whether transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) stimulates angiogenesis in an animal model of chronic ischemia. Background. TMLR relieves angina and may also improve blood flow in patients who are not candidates for traditional therapies. The mechanisms of these benefits are not fully defined. Methods. Ischemia was created in 14 dogs by proximal left anterior descending coronary ameroid constrictors. TMLR was performed in the anterior wall (∼1 channel/cm2) of seven dogs; the remaining dogs served as the ischemic control group. Myocardial blood flow was measured (colored microspheres) at rest and during chemical stress (adenosine) in the acute setting and after 2 months. Results. TMLR did not influence blood flow in the acute setting. After 2 months, resting blood flow increased comparably in the anterior wall in both groups to ∼80% of normal. However, the TMLR-treated dogs demonstrated an ∼40% increase in blood flow capacity during stress in the ischemic territory compared with untreated dogs (left anterior descending coronary artery/left circumflex coronary artery flow 0.53 ± 0.16 in the control group vs. 0.73 ± 0.08 in TMLR animals, p < 0.05). Vascular proliferation, assessed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen positivity in endothelial and smooth muscle cells was about four times greater in the TMLR group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The density of vessels with at least one smooth muscle cell layer was ∼1.4 times greater in the myocardium surrounding the TMLR channel remnants than in control ischemic tissue (p < 0.001). Conclusions. In this canine model of chronic ischemia, TMLR significantly enhances angiogenesis as evidenced by the increased number of vessels lined with smooth muscle cells, markedly increased vascular proliferation and increased blood flow capacity during stress.
A behavioral approach to achieving initial cocaine abstinence
Authors: S T Higgins, D D Delaney, A J Budney, W K Bickel, J R Hughes, F Foerg, J W Fenwick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a behavioral treatment program for achieving initial cocaine abstinence in individuals enrolled in outpatient treatment for cocaine dependence.Thirteen consecutively admitted outpatients were offered behavioral treatment consisting of contingency management procedures and the community reinforcement approach. Fifteen consecutively admitted outpatients were offered treatment with 12-step counseling. All 13 of the patients who were offered the behavioral treatment accepted it; 12 of the patients offered 12-step counseling accepted it.Eleven of the 13 patients in the behavioral treatment were retained for 12 weeks of treatment, compared with five of the 12 patients given 12-step counseling. Ten of the patients given behavioral therapy achieved 4 weeks of continuous cocaine abstinence, compared with only three of those given 12-step counseling. Six of the patients in the behavioral treatment group achieved 8 weeks, and three achieved 12 weeks; none of the patients in the 12-step counseling program achieved 8 weeks.The behavioral treatment described in this paper offers promise as an effective intervention for achieving initial cocaine abstinence. A randomized trial is underway to assess the generality of these findings.
An orthopedist responds
Authors: Stephen J Franzino
Journal: BMJ (2003)

From BMJ USA 2003;September:497 

There is no best treatment modality for osteoarthritis of the knee.1 The article by Hinman et al is an attempt to take a complex medical problem and provide a treatment option that is simple, affordable, and available to all. The authors should be commended on their approach to this task and on their study design.

Hinman et al are correct in stating that there has been no previous scientific evidence supporting therapeutic taping for knee osteoarthritis. Their trial found a significant reduction in pain and disability in patients …
Abstract 14672: Very Late Stent Thrombosis After Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation Is Associated With Expansive Vessel Remodeling
Authors: Teruyoshi Kume, Katsuhisa Waseda, Ken Kozuma, Aizawa Tadanori, Kazuaki Mitsudo, Shunichi Miyazaki, Tetsu Yamaguchi, Takaaki Isshiki, Takeshi Kimura, Peter J Fitzgerald, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Growth-Curve Modeling of Nevi With a Peripheral Globular Pattern
Authors: Shirin Bajaj, Stephen W. Dusza, Michael A. Marchetti, Xinyuan Wu, Maira Fonseca, Kivanc Kose, Johanna Brito, Cristina Carrera, Vanessa P. Martins de Silva, Josep Malvehy, Susana Puig, Sarah Yagerman, Tracey N. Liebman, Alon Scope, Allan C. Halpern, Ashfaq A. Marghoob
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Although nevi with a peripheral rim of globules (peripheral globular nevi [PGN]) observed with dermoscopy are associated with enlarging melanocytic nevi, their actual growth dynamics remain unknown. Because change is a sensitive but nonspecific marker for melanoma, beginning to understand the growth patterns of nevi may improve the ability of physicians to differentiate normal from abnormal growth and reduce unnecessary biopsies.To study the growth dynamics and morphologic evolution of PGN on dermoscopy.A total of 84 participants with 121 PGN from September 1, 1999, through May 1, 2013, were identified retrospectively. Cohorts were recruited from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Melanoma Unit of the Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona; and Study of Nevi in Children. All 3 cohorts underwent longitudinal monitoring with serial dermoscopic imaging of their PGN. Data analysis was performed from May 1, 2014, through April 1, 2015.Establishment of the natural growth curve of PGN. The secondary aim was to establish the median time to growth cessation in those PGN for which the size eventually stabilized and/or had begun to decrease during the study period.The median duration of follow-up was 25.1 (range, 2.0-114.4) months. Most of the nevi (116 [95.9%]) enlarged at some point during sequential monitoring. The rate of increase in the surface area of PGN varied among cohorts and ranged from -0.47 to 2.26 mm2/mo (mean rate, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.14-0.36] mm2/mo). The median time to growth cessation in the 26 PGN that stabilized or decreased in size (21.5%) was 58.6 months. All lesions changed in a symmetric manner and 91 (75.2%) displayed a decrease in the density of peripheral globules over time.Nevi displaying a peripheral globular pattern enlarged symmetrically with apparent growth cessation occurring during a span of 4 to 5 years. Our results reiterate the important concept that not all growth is associated with malignancy.
Chest Physicians Explore Worldwide Use of Home Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: S Lurie
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influence of NIR and red fluorescent wavelengths on animal imaging and biological effects of targeting molecules on cancer cells
Authors: Kristen E. Adams, Shi Ke, Sunkuk Kwon, Feng Liang, Zhen Fan, Yang Lu, Karen Hirshi, Michel E. Mawad, Michael A. Barry, Eva M. Sevick-Muraca
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A65   The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) is overexpressed in many human cancers making it an interesting target for cancer diagnostics. In this study, epidermal growth factor (EGF) was fluorescently labeled with either Cy5.5, a red dye, or IRDye® 800CW, a near-infrared dye (NIR). These conjugates were delivered intravenously at 1 nmol dye equivalence to mice with high EGFr expression (MDA-MB-468) or low EGFr expression (MDA-MB-435) human breast cancer xenografts. Targeting specificity was shown with the indiscriminate uptake of free dye and loss of specific uptake of EGF-dye conjugates following preadministration of C225, an antibody against the EGFr. The targeting of each EGF-dye conjugate was measured using the ratio of the signal in the tumor region to that of the background region. EGF-IRDye® 800CW had a higher tumor to background ratio (TBR) than EGF-Cy5.5 due to a reduction in the autofluorescence associated with NIR excitation. Both targeted dyes had higher TBRs than free dye or the C225 pre-blocked animals. Immunohistochemical staining for total EGFr and EGFr-phos showed that when EGF-dye conjugates were delivered to the xenografts, in the presence or absence of C225 blocking, EGFr expression was upregulated and the receptors were activated. Xenografts receiving free dye had a lower level of EGFr expression and showed less activated receptors. These findings relate the importance of determining the biological effects of the imaging conjugates on the disease as well as finding the optimal fluorescent dye to maximize target to background ratio.
Endocrinology as evidenced-based medicineEvidence-Based Endocrinology edited by Pauline M. Camacho, Hossein Gharib and Glen W. Sizemore. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003. US$49.95 (xxvi+324 pages) ISBN 0 7817 4058 4
Authors: D ARON
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (2004)
Prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial comparing adjuvant combination therapy of interferon alfa and isotretinoin with adjuvant therapy of interferon alfa in patients with primary melanoma in stage IIA and IIB AJCC/UICC 1988
Authors: E. Richtig, H. P. Soyer, M. Posch, U. Mossbacher, P. Bauer, P. Fritsch, P. Pilarski, H. Pehamberger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7515 Purpose: The combination of interferon alfa and isotretinoin has shown a direct antiproliferative effect on human melanoma cell lines, but, despite clinical studies in patients with metastatic disease, it remained unclear whether this combination is more effective than interferon alfa alone in patients. We evaluated safety and efficacy of interferon alfa (IFNα) and isotretinoin compared to IFNα alone as adjuvant treatment in patients with primary malignant melanoma stage IIA and IIB. Patients and Methods: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 407 melanoma patients in stage IIA (301 patients) and IIB (106 patients) (AJCC/UICC 1988) were randomized to either IFNα and isotretinoin (“Isotretinoin” group; 206 patients) or IFNα and placebo (“Placebo” group; 201 patients) after excision of the primary tumor. IFNα was administered three times a week at a dose of 3 MIU subcutaneously for 24 months. Isotretinoin at a dose of 20mg ≤ 73 kg (2 capsules), 30mg >73kg (3 capsules) or placebo (2 or 3 capsules) was given daily for 24 months. Results: A scheduled interim analysis revealed no significant differences in survival rates by the log-rank test, with the Isotretinoin group and the Placebo group showing 5-year disease-free survival rates of 57% (95% CI: 48% to 67%) and 67% (95% CI: 59% to 75%), respectively, and overall 5-year survival rates of 76% (95% CI 67% to 84%) and 81% (95% CI 74% to 88%), respectively. The trial was stopped for futility. Conclusion: The addition of isotretinoin to an adjuvant treatment of low-dose interferon alfa in patients with stage IIA and IIB melanoma had no significant effect on disease-free survival or overall survival and is therefore not recommended. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Roche Austria GmbH
Patterns of plasma membrane disruptions distribution in mechanically ventilated lungs
Authors: Matteo Pecchiari, Ario Monaco, Antonia Koutsoukou, Edgardo D'Angelo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Rationale:  Abnormally high stresses applied to a cell can result in the loss of cell membrane integrity and the formation of direct communications between intracellular and extracellular spaces, called plasma membrane disruptions (PMD). These lesions could be involved in the genesis of biotrauma as upregulators of proinflammatory mediators expression. Observations limited to the subpleural alveoli only indicate that PMD take place during mechanical ventilation with large tidal volumes (V T ) and a normal end-expiratory lung volume (EELV). It is unknown if PMD develop during low EELV ventilation with physiological V T .   Objectives:  To see if a) mechanical ventilation with physiological V T  at low EELV causes PMD; and b) the parenchymal distribution of PMD differs between ventilation with large V T  at normal EELV and ventilation with physiological V T  at low EELV.   Methods:  PMD have been detected as red spots in gelatin included slices of rat lungs stained with ethidium homodimer-1 shortly after anesthesia, after prolonged ventilation at low EELV followed or not by the restoration of physiological EELV, and after prolonged ventilation with large V T  and normal EELV.   Main results:  PMD increased during ventilation at low EELV, mainly at bronchiolar level. Resealing of most PMD occurred on restoration of a normal EELV. Ventilation with large V T  caused the appearance of PMD both bronchiolar and parenchymal, the latter to a much greater extent than with ventilation at low EELV. The increase of PMD correlated with the concomitant increase of interrupter resistance with both modes of mechanical ventilation.   Conclusions:  Entity and distribution of PMD depends on the type of injurious mechanical ventilation.
Abstract 969: TGF-beta cross-talks with the EGF receptor family to promote proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells with dysfunctional RB
Authors: Jesse Gore, Samantha L. Deitz, Julie L. Wilson, Murray Korc
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy, associated with a high frequency of KRAS mutations (95%) and loss of negative growth constraints, due, in part, to frequent CDKN2A (85%), TP53 (75%) and SMAD4 (55%) mutations. PDACs also overexpress all three TGF-β isoforms, and high levels of TGF-βs correlates with decreased survival. Recently, we showed that in human PDAC and in murine PDAC (mPDAC) arising in biologically aggressive, oncogenic Kras-driven genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), proliferating pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) often exhibit abundant phosphorylated Smad2 and RB indicating that in these PCCs, canonical TGF-β signaling pathways are active, whereas RB is inactive. Using PCCs derived from a GEMM that expresses oncogenic Kras, but lacks RB (KRC cells), we showed that TGF-β1 activates canonical and non-canonical (MEK, Src, PI3K) pathways, and enhances growth in 3-dimensional (3D) culture. This mitogenic effect is abrogated by type I TGF-β receptor (TβRI) kinase inhibition with SB505124, combined inhibition by MEK/Src or MEK/PI3K, or re-expression of wild-type, but not mutant RB. Thus, loss of RB function enables TGF-β to directly enhance PCC growth. Given that the EGF receptor (EGFR) family can activate these non-canonical pathways and that TGF-β cross-talks with EGFR, we investigated the role of EGFR family members in mediating the mitogenic effects of TGF-β on RB-deficient PCCs. In 3D culture, TGF-β1-enhanced proliferation was inhibited by targeting EGFR with erlotinib and completely suppressed by EGFR/HER2 inhibition with lapatinib. Moreover, lentiviral-mediated silencing of HER2 markedly attenuated TGF-β1-stimulated KRC growth, and this inhibitory effect was potentiated by erlotinib. Thus, TGF-β1's mitogenic effects are mediated, in part, through transactivation of EGFR/HER2, raising the possibility that concomitant use of TβRI inhibitors and lapatinib to inhibit EGFR/HER2 and may represent a novel therapeutic approach in PDAC. Citation Format: Jesse Gore, Samantha L. Deitz, Julie L. Wilson, Murray Korc. TGF-beta cross-talks with the EGF receptor family to promote proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells with dysfunctional RB. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 969. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-969