tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperthyroidism during Pregnancy
Authors: Arthur L. Herbst, Herbert A. Selenkow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

CONCEPTION rarely occurs in patients with untreated hyperthyroidism.1 However, when it does, the pregnancy usually terminates in spontaneous abortion. In rare cases that progress beyond twenty weeks, there is often premature labor, with a high incidence of fetal death.2 Physiologic regulation of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is thus a prime consideration to the welfare of both mother and fetus. Subtotal thyroidectomy after careful preoperative preparation is effective but imposes an unnecessary risk during pregnancy. Hyperthyroidism can be readily controlled by appropriate use of antithyroid preparations, so that the disease usually poses no significant threat to the mother.3 However, inadequate or excessive . . .
A Theory of Neuronal Malfunction in Schizophrenia
Authors: JACQUES S. GOTTLIEB, CHARLES E. FROHMAN, PETER G. S. BECKETT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

A considerable amount of biological research into schizophrenia, mainly upon blood fluids, is performed throughout the world. The authors report their latest findings on a plasma protein factor and relate these findings to other domestic research and to recent research in other nations, particularly the Soviet Union. They hypothesize that a malcontrolled blood protein contributes to the genesis of schizophrenia by selectively altering neuronal permeability to precursors of important neurotransmitters; if this occurs, it would disrupt information processing in the brain.
Blood Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: DAVID A. GOLDSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

The blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-HCC) in 26 patients with nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria of 6.5 g/24 h +/- 0.8 SEM) ranged between 1 and 18.6 ng/ml (8.6 +/- 1.0 SEM). This value was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than that in normal subjects (21.8 +/- 2.3 ng/ml) and patients with chronic renal failure (24.8 +/- 2.3 ng/ml). There was inverse correlation (P less than 0.01) between levels of 25-HCC and magnitude of proteinuria and a direct relation (P less than 0.01) with serum albumin. Reduction in proteinuria was rapidly followed by a rise in blood 25-HCC toward normal. Ionized calcium levels were low in 16 of 26 nephrotic patients irrespective of degree of renal failure. In four of seven nephrotic patients with normal renal function, ionized calcium levels were low and showed an inverse relation with levels of parathyroid hormone. These data show that patients with nephrotic syndrome have low blood levels of 25-HCC probably due to its loss in urine. This derangement is probably responsible for the disorders of calcium metabolism in nephrosis.
Abstract 1155: Chemoresistance acquisition by ovarian adenocarcinoma cells due to microenvironment
Authors: Benoit Thibault, Magali Castells, Delphine Mihas, Ludivine Genre, Cecile Gandy, Eliane Mery, Jean Pierre Delord, Bettina C. Couderc
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma is characterized by high frequency of recurrence (70% of patients) and carboplatin resistance acquisition. We recently showed that Carcinoma-Associated-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (CA-MSC) are involved in ovarian tumor growth via the facilitation of angiogenesis in the tumor site as well as in ovarian cancer chemoresistance acquisition. Our aim is to identify the mechanisms by which CA-MSC activate tumor cells signaling pathway for both effects. First we showed that factors released by CA-MSC are able to induce angiogenic cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF) synthesis by tumor cells in a cell line specific way. Second, CA-MSC are able to attract and activate macrophages into a M2 TAM like phenotype and allow them to secrete a huge quantity of pro-angiogenic cytokines, favorable to tumor progression of all the associated ovarian adenocarcinoma cells tested. Third, factors released by CA-MSC protect adenocarcinoma cells from carboplatin-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of effector caspases 3 and 7, inducing the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway signalling and the phosphorylation of the downstream target XIAP (caspase inhibitor from IAP family). XIAP depletion by siRNA strategy or inhibitors permitted to restore carboplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells stimulated by CA-MSC conditioned medium . Our results suggested targeting factors released by CA-MSC could be of interest in ovarian cancer therapy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Benoit Thibault, Magali Castells, Delphine Mihas, Ludivine Genre, Cecile Gandy, Eliane Mery, Jean Pierre Delord, Bettina C. Couderc. Chemoresistance acquisition by ovarian adenocarcinoma cells due to microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1155. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1155
Antisense PNA Accumulates in Escherichia coli and Mediates a Long Post-antibiotic Effect
Authors: Abbas Nikravesh, Rikard Dryselius, Omid R Faridani, Shan Goh, Majid Sadeghizadeh, Mehrdad Behmanesh, Anita Ganyu, Erik Jan Klok, Rula Zain, Liam Good
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Antisense agents that target growth-essential genes display surprisingly potent bactericidal properties. In particular, peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers linked to cationic carrier peptides are effective in time kill assays and as inhibitors of bacterial peritonitis in mice. It is unclear how these relatively large antimicrobials overcome stringent bacterial barriers and mediate killing. Here we determined the transit kinetics of peptide–PNAs and observed an accumulation of cell-associated PNA in Escherichia coli and slow efflux. An inhibitor of drug efflux pumps did not alter peptide–PNA potency, indicating a lack of active efflux from cells. Consistent with cell retention, the post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of the anti-acyl carrier protein (acpP) peptide–PNA was greater than 11 hours. Bacterial cell accumulation and a long PAE are properties of significant interest for antimicrobial development. Antisense agents that target growth-essential genes display surprisingly potent bactericidal properties. In particular, peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers linked to cationic carrier peptides are effective in time kill assays and as inhibitors of bacterial peritonitis in mice. It is unclear how these relatively large antimicrobials overcome stringent bacterial barriers and mediate killing. Here we determined the transit kinetics of peptide–PNAs and observed an accumulation of cell-associated PNA in Escherichia coli and slow efflux. An inhibitor of drug efflux pumps did not alter peptide–PNA potency, indicating a lack of active efflux from cells. Consistent with cell retention, the post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of the anti-acyl carrier protein (acpP) peptide–PNA was greater than 11 hours. Bacterial cell accumulation and a long PAE are properties of significant interest for antimicrobial development.
Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer in remnant stomach or gastric tube
Authors: N. Nishide, H. Ono, N. Kakushima, K. Takizawa, M. Tanaka, H. Matsubayashi, Y. Yamaguchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Little information exists regarding the optimal treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC) in a remnant stomach or gastric tube. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for EGC in a remnant stomach and gastric tube. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Between September 2002 and December 2009, ESD was performed in 62 lesions in 59 patients with EGC in a remnant stomach (48 lesions) or gastric tube (14 lesions). Clinicopathological data were retrieved retrospectively to assess the en bloc resection rate, complications, and outcomes. Treatment results were assessed according to the indications for endoscopic resection, and were compared with those of ESD performed in a whole stomach during the same study period. <b>Results:</b> The en bloc resection rates for lesions within the standard and expanded indication were 100 % and 93 %, respectively. Postoperative bleeding occurred in five patients (8 %). The perforation rate was significantly higher (18 %, 11 /62) than that of ESD in a whole stomach (5 %, 69 /1479). Among the perforation cases, eight lesions involved the anastomotic site or stump line, and ulcerative changes were observed in five lesions. The 3-year overall survival rate was 85 %, with eight deaths due to other causes and no deaths from gastric cancer. <b>Conclusion:</b> A high en bloc resection rate was achieved by ESD for EGC in a remnant stomach or gastric tube; however, this procedure is still technically demanding due to the high complication rate of perforation.
Hughes—Moyer—Hinde—A Correction.
Authors: Alfred Hinde
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<h3>To the Editor.—Sir:</h3> —In the current number of theJournalappears the "Address of the President of the Section on Neurology and Psychiatry of the Pan-American Medical Congress," which I have just read with interest and profit. As a matter of fact, however, I wish to correct that which concerns myself. In referring to the work of my friend, "Moyer, the tireless," Dr. C. D. Hughes (p. 387) gives him the exclusive credit of reporting the first case of "Periodically Recurring Oculo motor Paralysis" in this country, and in parenthesis refers to the<i>Medical Record</i>, 1887. The facts of this case are as follows: The case was referred to me by my friend Dr. D. O'Shea, and recognizing it as of rare and special interest, I showed it, in my regular work, at Prof. Holmes clinic at Rush Medical College, and later at the neurological clinic of Prof. Lyman, who
Agranulocytic Angina-Report of a Case
Authors: ALVIS E. GREER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 October 1932Agranulocytic Angina-Report of a CaseWith Bacteriological StudyALVIS E. GREER, M. D., F.A.C.P.ALVIS E. GREER, M. D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-4-518 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince Schultz1 in 1922 reported a peculiar type of necrosing angina with marked absolute and especially granulocytic leucopenia, there have been increasing numbers of these cases described in the medical literature. To this condition Schultz gave the name of agranulocytosis. Later Friedemann2 changed this designation to agranulocytic angina. It would seem that Schultz's original terminology is the more fitting. We feel that a disease of such marked virulence deserves our closest study. It is for this reason we wish to report our case in detail. The case is as follows:Mrs. H. C. A. (seen with Drs. P. V. Ledbetter...References1 SCHULTZ W: Berlin, Verein für innere Medizin und Kinderheilkunde, Deutsch. med. Wchnschr., 1922, xlviii, 1495. Google Scholar2 FRIEDMANN U: Über Angina agranulocytotica, Med. Klin., 1923, xix, 1357-1359. Google Scholar3 DONHAUSER JL: The human spleen as an haematoplastic organ, as exemplified in a case of splenomegaly with sclerosis of the bone-marrow, Jr. Exper. Med., 1908, x, 559-574. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4 MOYNIHAN B: The spleen and some of its diseases, 1921, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Google Scholar5 PFEIFFERMARX R: Die Bildungsstätte der Choleraschutzstoffe, Ztschr. f. Hyg., 1898, xxvii, 272-297. Google Scholar6 HEKTOEN L: The influence of X-ray on the production of antibodies, Jr. Infect. Dis., 1915, xvii, 415-422. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7 CARPENTER CR: Splenic extract and the splenic function, Med. Rec., 1900, lvii, 273-277; The therapeutic action of splenic extract in malarial infections, ibid, 1906, lxx, 165-169. Google Scholar8 SABIN FR: Studies on blood, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1921, xxxii, 314; Bone-marrow, Physiol. Rev., 1928, viii, 191-244. Google Scholar9 ROSENTHALSPITZER FF: Weitere Untersuchungen über die trypanoziden Substanzen des menschlichen Serums, Die Bedeutung des Retikuloendothels für den Mechanismus der trypanoziden Wirkung des Menschenserums, Ztschr. f. Immunitätsforsch, u. exper. Therap., 1924, xl, 529-551. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALVIS E. GREER, M. D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Houston, TexasReceived for publication, Nov. 10, 1931. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1932Volume 6, Issue 4Page: 518-541KeywordsAngina ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1932 PDF downloadLoading ...
Burkitt's tumour in the West Nile District Uganda, 1961-5.
Authors: M. C. Pike, E. H. Williams, B. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1967)

African malignant lymphoma (Burkitt's tumour) has been shown to have an irregular distribution within Africa as a whole (Burkitt, 1962), and also within Uganda (Burkitt and Wright, 1966).These broad patterns have led to a number of aetiological hypotheses, the best-known one-and, at the moment, still the most plausible one-being that the tumour is induced by a mosquito-borne virus.Within Uganda the area with the highest apparent incidence is the West Nile District,' though it is impossible to be sure of rates in a country with, as yet, very scattered medical facilities, and where the influence of traditional medical practice remains strong though on the wane.Different biopsy rates in the outlying hospitals and frequent changes of staff add a possibly large error to the figures.Also, Mr. Burkitt made frequent tours to different parts of Uganda (to the end of 1965) looking for cases of African malignant lymphoma, and the influence of these tours on the reporting of cases from different areas may have been considerable.A more detailed study of the cases in a much smaller area, such as the West Nile District, might permit of a narrower and more testable hypothesis concerning the aetiology of the disease-for example, implicating a particular species of mosquito-or it might suggest a completely new hypothesis.The oft-mentioned theory that the disease is virus-induced suggested to us that we should in particular look to see whether on a more detailed scrutiny of the cases in the West Nile District it would be possible to show evidence of "contagion" or " infection."This paper reports on all the known-that is, microscopically proved-and suspected cases of Burkitt's tumour in the West Nile District with date first seen at hospital or date of onset of symptoms in the five-year period from 1 January 1961 to 31 December 1965.The study period was started in Jaluary 1961, as it was about this time that the disease became well known in Uganda, and we could legitimately hope that very few cases reaching hospital would be misdiagnosed from this date.The end of 1965 was chosen as the closing date for cases to enable us to include cases presenting up to nine months after the onset of symptoms (the calculations in this paper were begun in October 1966).Data Fig. 1 shows the county boundaries and hospitals of the West Nile District of Uganda.There are three hospitals actually within the district: Angal
New Clinical Guideline for Hoarseness Offers Assessment and Treatment Advice
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Glucose and carbachol generate 1,2-diacylglycerols by different mechanisms in pancreatic islets.
Authors: B Peter-Riesch, M Fathi, W Schlegel, C B Wollheim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Diacylglycerols (DAG) modulate secretory responses by the activation of protein kinase C. Early changes in DAG formation induced by the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol were compared to those caused by the nutrient secretagogue glucose in pancreatic islets. Turnover rates of DAG were investigated in radiolabeling experiments, whereas changes in total mass and fatty acid composition of DAG were assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. When islet lipids were labeled to steady state in tissue culture with [3H]glycerol, carbachol induced a rapid (10 s) and sustained increase of [3H]DAG generation. In contrast, glucose stimulation failed to increase [3H]glycerol containing DAG, and this was probably due to the isotopic dilution of the label secondary to enhanced glycolysis. This was substantiated by following the transfer of 14C from glucose into DAG. Within 1 min of acute exposure of islets to D-[U-14C]-glucose at stimulatory concentrations, DAG labeling increased fivefold representing up to 2% of total glucose usage. Similar stimulation of 14C incorporation into other neutral lipids and inositol phospholipids was observed, suggesting the enhanced de novo synthesis of phosphatidic acid, the common precursor for DAG, and inositol phospholipids from glycolytic intermediates. Transfer of 14C from glucose was not stimulated by agents such as carbachol and exogenous phospholipase C that act primarily on inositol phospholipid breakdown. The total mass of islet DAG was increased by 60% after both carbachol and glucose stimulation. However, analysis of the fatty acid composition of carbachol-generated DAG revealed at the early time point (10 s) a prevalent stearoyl-arachidonoyl configuration similar to that reported for inositol phospholipids. This pattern shifted to a DAG enriched in palmitic acid at a later time point. Glucose-stimulated islets displayed a predominance of palmitic acid containing DAG, indicating increased de novo synthesis of the putative second messenger rather than its formation by inositol phospholipid hydrolysis. Indeed, steady-state labeling of these phospholipids with [3H]inositol confirmed this idea since only carbachol caused detectable inositol phospholipid hydrolysis. Thus, although protein kinase C may be activated by both carbachol and glucose, the two secretagogues generate diacylglycerols through different mechanisms.
Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Nancy E. Kemeny, John A. Conti, Joseph R. Bertino
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: We believe that hepatic atrial infusion, new drugs, and biochemical modulation deserve more attention than they received in Dr. Moertel's review of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (April 21 issue)1. With respect to hepatic arterial infusion, two large studies with a crossover design demonstrated survival advantages for patients who were crossed over from systemic to hepatic arterial chemotherapy; two studies in which there was no survival advantage associated with hepatic therapy involved only small numbers of patients2. In the study by the National Cancer Institute,2 the median survival was 22 and 12 months for the groups . . .
The effect of cyclosporine on the metabolic response to fructose and on liver regeneration in dog after portacaval shunt: 31P-NMR spectroscopy
Authors: L. Rossaro, V. Mazzaferro, C.L. Scotti-Foglient, D.S. Williams, E. Simplaceanu, V. Simplaceanu, C. Ho, A. Francavilla, T.E. Starzl, B. Naccarato, D.H. Van Thiel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Body Weight, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Coronary Mortality
Authors: Pekka Jousilahti, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Erkki Vartiainen, Juha Pekkanen, Pekka Puska
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Body weight is closely related to several known cardiovascular risk factors, but it may also have an independent effect on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). In this study, we analyzed the association between body mass index (BMI) and smoking, serum cholesterol, and blood pressure at baseline, as well as how BMI and the other risk factors are related to CHD mortality.A total of 16 113 men and women aged 30 to 59 years were examined in eastern Finland in either 1972 or 1977. Serum cholesterol and blood pressure had a positive association and smoking had a negative association with BMI. During the 15-year prospective follow-up, mortality from CHD was positively associated with BMI. The BMI-associated risk ratio of CHD mortality, adjusted for age and study year, estimated from the Cox proportional hazards model was 1.04 (per kg/m2) (P < .001) among men. Inclusion of smoking in the model increased the risk ratio for BMI, whereas inclusion of serum cholesterol and blood pressure decreased it. In the model that included age, study year, and all three major cardiovascular risk factors, the BMI-associated risk ratio was 1.03 (P = .027). Among women, the BMI-associated risk ratio of CHD mortality adjusted for age and study year was 1.05 (P = .023) and the multifactorial adjusted risk ratio was 1.03 (P = .151).Obesity is an independent risk factor for CHD mortality among men and also contributes to the risk of CHD among women. Part of the BMI-associated risk of CHD mortality is mediated through other known cardiovascular risk factors. By preventing overweight, a substantial part of CHD mortality may be prevented.