tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Research update on the psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: D L Penn, K T Mueser
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

This review is an update on the research evidence supporting psychosocial treatment for schizophrenia. It extends previous review articles by summarizing the literature on social skills training, family interventions, cognitive rehabilitation, and coping with residual positive symptoms.The authors reviewed controlled treatment outcome studies of social skills training and family interventions. Different models of family therapy were contrasted. The current literature on cognitive rehabilitation and coping with residual positive symptoms was also examined.Social skills training produces improvement on specific behavioral measures, although changes in symptoms and community functioning are less pronounced. Family interventions (i.e., family psychoeducation and behavioral family therapy) are highly effective for reducing families' expressed emotion and improving patients' relapse rates and outcomes. Furthermore, family interventions are also associated with reduced family burden. Cognitive rehabilitation and training in coping with positive symptoms appear to be promising interventions, but more controlled, group trials are needed before definite conclusions can be drawn.The efficacy of a variety of different family intervention models, as well as social skills training, is supported by a large body of research. Future work needs to address improving delivery of existing psychosocial interventions, integrating these interventions with other psychosocial approaches (e.g., vocational rehabilitation and case management), identifying which patients will benefit from which treatments, isolating the "active" ingredients of family interventions (i.e., psychoeducation versus behavioral intervention), and identifying the amount of treatment (e.g., number of sessions) needed before treatment response is expected.
Abstract 16492: A Study of 63,253 Cases and 126,820 Controls Identifies Multiple Novel Loci for Coronary Artery Disease and Detects Independent Signals in Many of the Established Ones
Authors: Christina Willenborg, Stavroula Kanoni, John R Thompson, Kathy Stirrups, Christopher P Nelson, John Danesh, Jeanette Erdmann, Anders Hamsten, Sekar Kathiresan, Jaspal S Kooner, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Panos Deloukas, Robert Roberts, Hugh Watkins, Heribert Schunkert, Nilesh J Samani
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Genome-wide association studies have identified 30 loci conferring risk to coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) but in most cases the causative variants remain unknown. We s...
Abstract 10326: Inappropriate Shocks in MADIT-CRT: Predictors and Outcome
Authors: James P Daubert, Paul J Wang, David T Huang, Scott A McNitt, Claudio D Schuger, Mary W Brown, David S Cannom, Arthur J Moss, Wojciech Zareba
Journal: Circulation (2011)

BACKGROUND:  ICD patients commonly experience inappropriate therapy (IT) including inappropriate shocks (IS). IS were associated with an increase in the risk of mortality in MADIT II and SCD-HeFT, but whether this would pertain in MADIT-CRT9s less symptomatic HF population (NYHA I-II) is unknown. Early cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices suffered from double-counting of RV and LV activations, but the relative incidence of IT or IS in ICD and modern CRT devices is unknown. We evaluated the incidence of IT and IS in ICD versus CRT in MADIT-CRT. We further assessed whether the mortality rate was increased following IS or IT.   Methods:  Committees adjudicated HF and ICD events (appropriate vs inappropriate).   RESULTS:  The IS event rate was not different in ICD vs CRT (Figure). At 3-years the IT event rate was 14% and 13% in ICD and CRT arm patients respectively. SVT was the most common reason for IT, followed by AF then abnormal sensing. Using multivariate analysis, predictors of IT included age over 65, enrollment at non-US center, and absence of statin therapy; IS predictors on the other hand were age, prior hospitalization and absence of statin therapy. Patients experiencing IT or IS were more likely to experience a HF event, but after adjustment for covariates, including appropriate therapy, neither HF/death nor death alone was associated with IT or IS. Appropriate therapy, on the other hand, was associated with a nearly twofold higher risk of either the composite event of HF or death or death alone. When analyzed separately, ischemic HF patients who experienced IT were 3.3 times as likely to die (p=0.008) and ischemic IS recipients had a trend toward more HF or death events (HR 1.97, CI 0.91-4.26, p=0.083).   CONCLUSIONS:  IT and IS occurred with similar frequency in the ICD and CRT arms. Overall, patients experiencing IT or IS were not more likely to experience HF or death, although the subgroup of patients with ischemic HF tended to have worse outcomes after IT or IS.
Abstract 9923: Circulating Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein Levels Reflect Plaque Instability and Predict the No-Reflow Phenomenon After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Hyuma Daidoji, Hiroki Takahashi, Yoichiro Otaki, Akira Funayama, Harutoshi Tamura, Takanori Arimoto, Tetsuro Shishido, Takehiko Miyashita, Takuya Miyamoto, Tetsu Watanabe, Isao Kubota
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background and Aims Because coronary no-reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with a poor prognosis, it is clinically important to stratify high risk coronary no-reflow patients. Previous study reported that plasma pregnancy-associated plasma protein (PAPP-A) level was a marker of adverse outcome such as cardiac death and myocardial infarction in both acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and non-ACS patients. In the present study, we examined whether serum PAPP-A level could predict incidence of coronary no-reflow during PCI. Results Consecutive 85 patients (ACS, n=37; non-ACS, n=48; mean age 69 ± 11 years old) who were underwent PCI with integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS) were prospectively enrolled. No-reflow, including transient filter no-reflow by using distal protection devices, was observed in 18 (21%) patients. Plasma PAPP-A levels were significantly higher in no-reflow patients compared with normal-reflow patients (8.25 ± 2.28 vs. 6.27 ± 1.54 ng/ml, P&lt;0.001). To predict coronary no-reflow, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis determined a cut-off plasma PAPP-A value as 7.68 ng/ml (sensitivity of 62%, specificity of 82%, area under curve 0.76). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that plasma PAPP-A was an independent predictor of the no-reflow phenomenon (odds ratio 2.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.123-4.602; P = 0.023). Since plasma PAPP-A levels were not correlated (r=0.009, p=0.94) with culprit plaque percentage of lipid volume analyzed by IB-IVUS, they might be associated with not lipid plaque volume but plaque instability. Conclusion Plasma PAPP-A levels is a useful biomarker to stratify high risk coronary no-reflow patients during PCI. Plasma PAPP-A cut-off values determined by present study could help our approach for predicting high risk coronary no-reflow patients.
Abstract 1334: Wnt5a Modulates Cardiac Gene Expressions And Histone Modifications Of Adult Progenitor Cells Via A Pkc{delta}-dependent Pathway
Authors: Masamichi Koyanagi, Masayoshi Iwasaki, Judith Haendeler, Michael Leitges, Andreas M Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Wnt signalling controls the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation and body patterning throughout development. Previous data demonstrated that non-canonical Wnts (Wnt5a, Wnt11)...
Abstract 583: RNAi Therapeutics For The Lowering Of Cholesterol
Authors: Kevin Fitzgerald, Maria Frank-Kamenetsky, Tracy S Zimmermann, Jay Horton, Akin Akinc, Birgit Bramlage, David Bumcrot, Jens Harborth, Matthias John, Victor Kotelianski, Muthiah Manoharan, Martin Maier, Lubomir Nechev, Timothy Racie, Ingo Roehl, Stephan Seiffert, Sumi Shanmugam, Jurgen Soutschek, Ivanka Toudjarska, Hans-Peter Vornlocher, William Zedalis
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in vivo , using clinically relevant modes of administration, is critical for the advancement of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics. In this work, we demonstrate systemic delivery of siRNAs and potent in vivo down-modulation of two important disease targets, apolipoprotein B (apoB) and proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9). A single injection of liposomal siRNA resulted in &gt;90% silencing of apoB mRNA expression in the liver 48 h after administration. The effect was demonstrated to occur through cleavage of the apoB mRNA at precisely the site predicted for the RNAi mechanism. Reductions in apoB protein, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDLc) levels were observed in 48 hours that lasted for at least 23 days, thus demonstrating an immediate, potent and durable biological effect. In addition to apoB we have also demonstrated the ability to down-modulate other important liver targets such as PCSK9. PCSK9 has been closely implicated in LDLc regulation. We have demonstrated PCSK9 down-modulation in several animal models including, mouse, humanized mouse, rat, and non-human primate. Down-modulation of PCSK9 levels resulted in significant lowering of cholesterol (20 – 60%) in all animal models tested. These findings strongly support the potential of RNAi therapeutics as a new class of drug for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Our next steps include selecting the most potent lead molecule and moving it into GLP safety studies.
Abstract 15940: Calcium and Insulin Regulate the Novel Glucose Transporter 8 (GLUT8) in the Healthy and Diabetic Myocardium
Authors: Emilie Martinez, Zahra Maria, Muthu Periasamy, Veronique Lacombe
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Diabetes, an epidemic disease, is associated with the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Glucose uptake from the bloodstream into the cell is the rate-limiting step in whole body glucose utilization and is regulated by a family of membrane proteins called the glucose transporters (GLUT). The translocation of GLUT4, the main isoform, to the cell surface is insulin and contraction/calcium dependent in striated muscle. Contraction is regulated by the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump. We recently demonstrated that diabetes impairs cardiac GLUT4 trafficking due to alterations of insulin signaling pathway and SERCA pump activity. However, the role of other GLUTs in the heart is still not elucidated. Although GLUT8 is highly expressed in the heart and could play a key role in cardiac glucose transport, its function and regulation are unknown. We hypothesized that, as for GLUT4, insulin and calcium will regulate GLUT8 translocation to the myocardial cell surface, which will be impaired during diabetes. Active cell surface GLUT (4 &amp; 8) content was quantified by a biotinylated photolabeled assay in both intact perfused myocardium and isolated ventricular myocytes. To our knowledge, we are the first to apply this technique to GLUT8. Total GLUT (4 &amp; 8) protein expression was measured by Western blot. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection in wild type (WT) and transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing the SERCA pump in the heart and compared to their respective healthy littermates (n=16/group). In healthy myocytes, GLUT8 was primarily located intracellularly under basal condition, as for GLUT4. Insulin, calcium and isoproterenol stimulation (a beta-adrenergic agonist) significantly increased the translocation of both GLUT-4 and -8 to the cell surface. In addition, total GLUT-4 and -8 protein content was increased by 30 and 40% (P&lt;0.05), respectively, in TG healthy mice overexpressing the SERCA pump compared to WT mice. As for GLUT4, active cell surface GLUT8 was decreased by 80% (P&lt;0.05) in the diabetic ventricle but was restored by SERCA overexpression. Overall, our data suggest that, as for GLUT4, GLUT8 is a novel insulin-sensitive GLUT isoform in the heart, and its translocation is regulated by both insulin and calcium dependent pathways.
Abstract 2509: Measurement of Mitochondrial Oxidant Stress and Superoxide Formation in the Intact Heart During Ischemia and Reperfusion
Authors: Sverre E Aune, Tom L Clanton, Mark G Angelos
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Mitochondria are a primary source of reactive oxygen species during reperfusion. We tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial oxidant stress and O2·− formation could be detected in the whole heart d...
Abstract 3619: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibition Unmasks the Role of Insulin in Postprandial Hypotension in Autonomic Failure
Authors: Cyndya Shibao, Alfredo Gamboa, Andre Diedrich, Cynthia Dossett, Ginnie Farley, Italo Biaggioni
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Postprandial hypotension (PPH), is an important clinical condition associated with syncope, fall, angina and cerebrovascular events. Those at greater risk are elderly and patients with autonomic dy...
Abstract 9940: A Survey on Laypersons' Willingness in Performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Junji Itai, Tadatsugu Otani, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Tomoki Shokawa, Kenji Nishioka, Yoshiko Kida, Kei Suzuki, Takahiro Inagawa, Yusuke Torikoshi, Tomoko Tamura, Kohei Ota, Takuma Sadamori, Ryu Tsumura, Yasumasa Iwasaki, Nobuyuki Hirohashi, Koichi Tanigawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction Although bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can more than double survival from cardiac arrest, the reported prevalence of bystander CPR remains low in most countries. Reasons cited for the reluctance to perform CPR often include concerns about disease transmission related to performing mouth-to-mouth ventilation. However, a couple of studies reported that bystanders at the scene of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests most often cited other reasons such as panic or fear of causing harm for failing to perform CPR. This study was performed to investigate factors affecting laypersons' willingness in performing CPR. Methods Questionnaires including 10 questions regarding personnel backgrounds, knowledge regarding the use of AED, CPR training, willingness in performing CPR, and EMS dispatcher's phone advice were distributed to citizens who gathered at a ball park stadium, a typical public place in Hiroshima, Japan. Results Ten thousands questionnaires were distributed and a total of 5,956 were collected for analysis. As for the willingness to perform CPR, 38 % answered they would start CPR, 34 % would do it if any advice available. On the other hand, 23 % said they were not capable of performing CPR, and 4 % were not willing to do it. Of those who were not capable of performing CPR, the reasons included lack of knowledge and/or skills to perform CPR (50%), no previous CPR training (27%), and concern over harm to the victims (25%).Of those who were willing to perform CPR, 61 % answered they would prioritize rescue breathing over chest compression. In comparison of those with and without previous CPR training or knowledge of the use of AED, a significant differences were found in the willingness in performing CPR (88% vs. 58%, p &lt;0.0001; 91% vs. 58%, p &lt;0.0001, respectively), and doing rescue breathing (55% vs. 29%, p &lt;0.0001; 64% vs. 57%, p &lt;0.0001, respectively). Fifty two percent of the respondents did not know the service of dispatcher-assisted CPR. Conclusion Our study indicated that proper knowledge of CPR, prior CPR training, and on-site bystander CPR assistance may greatly enhance laypersons' willingness in performing CPR. More emphasis should be exerted on the roles of chest compression and the EMS dispatcher-assistance in CPR education.
Abstract 030: Estimates of Energy Expenditure from an Accelerometer Worn on the Wrist Versus the Hip in Adults
Authors: Mary Rosenberger, William Haskell, Fahd Albinali, Selene Mota, Jason Nawyn, Stephen Intille
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Epidemiological researchers have often measured physical activity by placing an accelerometer on the participants’ hip for seven days. Recently, NHANES decided to place the monitor on the wrist to increase participant wear time. This study compared established calibration methods for accelerometers on the hip versus the wrist. Healthy adults (n=37) wore custom accelerometers (Wockets) on the wrist and hip for twenty activities along with a portable metabolic unit (Oxycon Mobile) to measure energy expenditure. The activities included sedentary behaviors, treadmill walking (including uphill), cycling, work or household chores. Data included only metabolic steady state periods of the activities. Each signal from the triaxial accelerometer was filtered and integrated over 1-second intervals to obtain an area under the curve (AUC) summary, and the three axes were summed to create a single motion measure. Because traditional calibration methods do not include a specific method for assessing sedentary behavior, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine a sedentary cutpoint and an exercise (moderate and vigorous activity over 3.0 METs) cutpoint for both hip and wrist. The ROC for determining sedentary behavior at the hip had greater sensitivity and specificity (71% and 96%) than the wrist (53% and 76%). The ROC for exercise also had higher sensitivity and specificity on the hip (70% and 83%) than the wrist (30% and 69%). The coefficient of variation (CV) in the signal was used to separate ambulatory activities from non-ambulatory activities. Logistic regression determined the optimal CV from the data on the hip for a two-regression model with energy expenditure, but cycling activities prevented a useful prediction model. The ROC for determining the CV associated with ambulation had a larger AUC at the hip compared to the wrist (0.83 and 0.74), and no CV separation between ambulation and non-ambulatory activities existed for the wrist. Therefore, mixed model analysis was used to predict energy expenditure on all non-sedentary activities. The prediction model on the hip resulted in an average difference of 0.17 (+/− 0.99) METs, while the wrist resulted in an average difference of 0.28 (+/− 1.47) METs. Since the CV was not useful for separating activity type at these locations, an analysis was prepared using the known activity separation of sedentary activities, ambulation, and other. On the hip, the mean difference was 0.05 (+/− .92) METs, whereas the wrist was 0.06 (+/− 1.12) METs. In conclusion, methods for estimating energy expenditure from an accelerometer on the hip do not apply to the wrist, and there is greater variation in the estimates from the wrist compared to the hip. There is improvement in energy expenditure estimates if the activity type is known, but from this study, it appears that activity type cannot be determined by CV from the wrist as as it can from the hip.
Errors and Misleading Data in Table
Authors: Efrat L. Amitay, Lital Keinan-Boker
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Abstract 18021: Overexpression of microRNA-221 Cause Heart Failure by Inhibiting Autophagy
Authors: Ming Su, Yilu Wang, Jizheng Wang, Changxin Wang, Xiaojian Wang, Ling Zhu, Lianfeng Zhang, Lei Song, Rutai Hui
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background MicroRNAs serve as crucial intracellular regulators of cardiac function in health and disease, through negatively regulating target gene expression. We have previously identified that mi...
Abstract 12507: Long-Term Follow-up of 64-Slice Computed Tomography in Patients with Chest Pain at Intermediate Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Fabiola B Sozzi, Filippo Civaia, Philippe Rossi, Stephane Rusek, Frederic Bertier, Laura Iacuzio, Francois Bourlon, Jean-Francois Robillon, Gilles Dreyfus, Vincent Dor
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Preliminary prognostic studies on coronary multislice computed tomography (CT) are available. No long-term follow-up studies in a homogeneous patients group who underwent 64-slice CT fo...
Abstract 16128: Vascular Healing Response After Everolimus Eluting Stent Implantation in Patients With or Without Diabetes Mellitus -Evaluation With Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Yutaka Goryo, Shiro Uemura, Yoko Dote, Yu Sugawara, Tomoya Ueda, Satoshi Okayama, Makoto Watanabe, Yoshihiko Saito
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Clinical introduction of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug eluting stent has substantially decreased the rate of in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, it is reported that patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) still have higher incidence of restenosis and secondary cardiovascular events than patients without DM. Using intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT), we evaluated the effect of DM on healing process of coronary artery after everolimus eluting stents (EES) implantation in the comparison with non-DM patients. Methods and Results: We studied 26 DM patients (65.1±11.9y/o) and 59 non-DM patients (68.1±9.4y/o) who received OCT-guided EES implantation. The second OCT examination was performed on 296±71.1 days after implantation (291±74.2days vs. 298±70.3days, p=0.51). OCT cross-sectional images of the second study were examined to determine the condition of neointimal coverage over every strut in 1mm interval (DM; 725 cross-sections and 5742 struts, non-DM; 1482 cross-sections and 12098 struts). In addition, neointimal thickness (NIT) over each strut measured and tissue characteristics were examined. One in-stent restenosis with clinical manifestation was observed in each group. Average NIT was significantly thicker in DM group than in non-DM group (107±99.2μm vs. 92±74.6μm, p&lt;0.01). The incidence of malapposed struts without neointimal coverage were very low and similar in both groups (0.22±0.54 vs. 0.13±0.72%, p=0.43). The frequency of OCT-defined unstable neointimal characteristics was significantly higher rate in DM than non-DM group (14.5±18.9% vs. 6.67±14.5%, p=0.03). Conclusions: EES implanted in DM patients showed acceptable neointimal proliferation and uncovered stent struts similar to non-DM patients, suggesting the mid-term efficacy and safety of EES in DM patients. However, long-term follow-up should be necessary because of the high incidence of unstable neointimal characteristics which might be a substrate for the future development of neoatherosclerosis.
个体参与者数据的荟萃分析：合理性、实施和报告
Authors: 周久顺, 张孔来
Journal: BMJ (2010)

在荟萃分析中运用个体参与者数据代替集合数据从统计学和从临床来看都有许多潜在的优势。Richard D Riley及其同事描述了个体参与者数据荟萃分析的合理性，并概述了如何实施这种研究
Abstract 14560: Central NRG-1/ErbB Signaling Has a Pivotal Role in Sympathoexcitation in Heart Failure
Authors: Ryuichi Matsukawa, Yoshitaka Hirooka, Koji Ito, Kenji Sunagawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: It has been reported that NRG-1/ErbB signaling in cardiomyocytes is impaired in pressure overload induced heart failure (HF). We previously reported that activation of NRG-1/ErbB signal...