tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lipid Metabolism Signatures in NASH-Associated HCC—Letter
Authors: Sonja M. Kessler, Stephan Laggai, Ahmad Barghash, Volkhard Helms, Alexandra K. Kiemer
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

An article published recently in Cancer Research elegantly performed lipidomic and gene expression analyses in a murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)–associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compared the findings with serum samples from patients with fibrosis and HCC (1).The study reports that the expression of the C18 fatty acid producing elongase (ELOVL6) is elevated in a mouse NASH model. The animals also exhibited elevated oleic acid (18:1n9) and vaccenic acid (18:1n7) abundance in livers and serum. Thereby, the study supports findings about increased hepatic ELOVL6 expression in other models of NASH, such as a fructose feeding model (2) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout animals fed on a Western-type diet (3). In line with these findings, a causal role for ELOVL6 in the development of NASH was published recently in a comprehensive work using overexpression and knockdown strategies (4).HCC represents a rare but important complication of NASH (5). The study by Muir and colleagues reports an increased expression of ELOVL6 not only in murine NASH but also in murine NASH–associated HCC. Because lipidomic analyses of sera of 15 patients with HCC showed a higher prevalence of the C18 vaccenic acid (18:1n7) than serum of patients with cirrhosis, the authors suggested elevated ELOVL6 expression in human HCC. Although they observed lower levels of the more abundant linoleic acid (18:2n6) and they do not show any data on ELOVL6 expression in patients with HCC, they propose ELOVL6 as a pharmacologic target for patients predisposed to HCC.We investigated differential ELOVL6 gene expression between HCC (n = 247) and nontumor (n = 239) samples of a Gene Expression Omnibus dataset (GSE14520; see Fig. 1). Interestingly, in contrast to Muir and colleagues, our results from this large dataset revealed significantly decreased levels of ELOVL6 gene expression in the majority of human liver tumors compared with nontumorous tissue. We also observed a decreased expression of Elovl6 in the widely accepted murine diethylnitrosamine (DEN) HCC model (see Fig. 2; ref. 5).Taken together, different recent reports from the literature suggest a pathophysiologic role for ELOVL6 in steatohepatitis. Still, a role for ELOVL6 in HCC is as yet elusive and our data show ELOVL6 expression to be reduced in a common murine non-NASH–associated HCC model as well as in a large proportion of patients with HCC. In our opinion, the data available on ELOVL6 in HCC do not justify proposing ELOVL6 as a therapeutic target in either prevention or treatment of HCC.No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Editorial: Punch drunk
Authors: H. H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Browsing in Mencken's<i>The American Language</i>is more likely than not to be rewarding. For example, in the chapter on slang, Mencken lists terms that originated among prizefighters and their attendants.<sup>1</sup>For one of the words, he cited a reference toThe Journalwherein "punch drunk" achieved acceptance into medical terminology. So it was that Martland<sup>2</sup>wrote, in part, as follows: For some time fight fans and promoters have recognized a peculiar condition occurring among prize fighters which, in ring parlance, they speak of as "punch drunk." Fighters in whom the early symptoms are well recognized are said by the fans to be "cuckoo," "goofy," "cutting paper dolls," or "slug nutty".... The early symptoms of punch drunk usually appear in the extremities. There may be only an occasional and very slight flopping of one foot or leg in walking, noticeable only at intervals; or a slight unsteadiness in
High carrier rate after hepatitis B virus infection in the elderly
Authors: Yoshimasa Kondo, Katsuhiko Tsukada, Toshihiko Takeuchi, Takehiro Mitsui, Keiko Iwano, Kazuo Masuko, Tomobumi Itoh, Hajime Tokita, Hiroaki Okamoto, Fumio Tsuda, Yuzo Miyakawa, Makoto Mayumi
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

An outbreak of hepatitis B virus infection occurred in a nursing facility; it involved 31 patients with sequelae of cerebral vascular accidents (15 men and 16 women; mean age, 77.4 +/- 9.3 yr). HBsAg disappeared within 6 mo in 9 patients and persisted during an observation period of more than 6 mo in 13; the remaining 9 patients were lost to follow-up while they carried HBsAg. Thus 13 of 22 patients followed (59%) became HBsAg carriers. We amplified a part of the S gene (436 nucleotides) with polymerase chain reaction on hepatitis B virus DNA from 12 randomly selected patients. The sequences of nine patients were the same as that of a nursing assistant who was an HBsAg carrier and suspected as the source of infection; it differed by only 1 or 2 (< 0.5%) nucleotides from those of the remaining three patients. Between the group of nine patients with transient HBV infection and the 13 patients with persistent HBV infection, we found no differences in age or sex or in parameters of nutrition or immunocompetence. These results indicate a high incidence of HBV carrier state in the elderly.
Adrenergic-Pathway Gene Variants Influence Beta-Blocker–Related Outcomes After Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Race-Specific Manner
Authors: Sharon Cresci, Gerald W. Dorn, Philip G. Jones, Amber L. Beitelshees, Allie Y. Li, Petra A. Lenzini, Michael A. Province, John A. Spertus, David E. Lanfear
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE
Authors: K. M. Cowan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Three antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus, type A, strain 119, were demonstrated in Ouchterlony analyses utilizing serum collected from guinea pigs 7 days postinfection (DPI). Such antisera contain antibodies of the 19S class. Guinea pig antisera that contained antibodies of the 7S class were unable to distinguish between the antigenic variants. Similarly, 19S antibody was able to demonstrate antigenic differences in trypsin- and chymotrypsin-treated viruses that were not detected by 7S antibody-containing antisera. One of the antigenic variants of virus is apparently the wild type and is tentatively considered to have two antigenic determinant groupings termed the a- and b-sites (140S-ab). The 140S-ab variant was the sole or predominant antigenic type produced in guinea pigs and in large plaque-forming- and tissue culture-low passage sources of the virus. Another antigenic variant appears to possess only the b-site (140S-b) and was the major constituent in tissue culture-high passage virus preparations. The third variant, a small plaque former, was also devoid of the a-site and contains an antigenic determinant that is related to, but not identical with, the b-site. This variant appears to be a minor constituent of tissue culture-high passage virus. 7-DPI serum could be absorbed with a suitable concentration of tissue culture-high passage virus to remove antibody reactive with the b-determinant site. This absorbed serum still precipitated 140S-ab virus by virtue of still containing antibody reactive with the a-determinant site; however, the neutralizing activity was eliminated. This suggests that the b-site is critical with respect to neutralization while the a-site is noncritical.
Respiratory therapy. Current practice in ambulatory patients with chronic airflow obstruction
Authors: M. J. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The role of respiratory therapy in treating ambulatory patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is becoming more clearly defined. Oxygen therapy on a continuous basis is needed for patients with arterial Po<sub>2</sub>values below 45 mm Hg and should be considered for patients with arterial Po<sub>2</sub>values between 45 and 55 mm Hg who have chronic cor pulmonale, erythrocytosis with hematocrit value greater than 55%, and disturbances of cognition and sleep. Concentrated bronchodilator and corticosteroid aerosols have established roles in therapy; the place of bland aerosols is less clear. They may increase ease of expectoration and should be given by simple compressed-air nebulizer systems; their administration by brief periods of intermittent positive-pressure breathing is rarely justified. Three-positional, postural drainage with chest percussion and vibration may be helpful in mobilizing secretions in patients with severe disease. (<i>JAMA</i>241:937-940, 1979)
THE COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC NEPHRITIS.Read in the Section of Practice of Medicine, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: WM, C. DABNEY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

It is not an easy matter to draw a fast and sharp line between the<i>symptoms</i>of chronic nephritis and the<i>complications</i>which occur with greater or less frequency in this disease. Indeed, the symptoms of the different forms of chronic inflammation of the kidneys may become so serious as to constitute complications of the gravest character and necessitating the most careful management. I shall not attempt in the present article to study all the complications of chronic Bright's disease, nor shall I attempt to consider any of them in very great detail, but I wish to bring to your attention some of those which seem to me most important, either from the frequency of their occurrence or the gravity of the symptoms to which they give rise. I propose to study them under the following headings: 1. The cardiac and vascular complications. 2. Those connected with the nervous system.
Vasopressin causes endothelium-dependent relaxations of the canine basilar artery.
Authors: Z S Katusic, J T Shepherd, P M Vanhoutte
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The effect of synthetic 8-arginine vasopressin (vasopressin) was studied in isolated canine basilar, left circumflex coronary, and femoral arteries of the dog. Vascular rings with and without endothelium were suspended for isometric tension recording in physiological salt solution. The removal of the endothelium was confirmed by the absence of relaxations induced by either thrombin (basilar arteries) or acetylcholine (coronary and femoral arteries). In the basilar artery, vasopressin induced concentration-dependent inhibition of myogenic tone. In basilar and coronary arteries, the hormone caused concentration-dependent relaxations during contractions evoked by prostaglandin F2 alpha. In femoral arteries, vasopressin caused contraction. After removal of the endothelium, the inhibitory responses to vasopressin were abolished in basilar arteries and significantly reduced in left circumflex coronary arteries. The contractions of femoral arteries were not affected by endothelium removal. The V1-vasopressinergic antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP prevented the inhibitory response to vasopressin, but did not alter endothelium-dependent relaxations of basilar arteries caused by adenosine diphosphate. These results demonstrate that the endothelial cells mediate relaxation induced by vasopressin via specific V1-vasopressinergic receptors.
Pharmacological HIF2α inhibition improves VHL disease–associated phenotypes in zebrafish model
Authors: Ana Martins Metelo, Haley R. Noonan, Xiang Li, Youngnam Jin, Rania Baker, Lee Kamentsky, Yiyun Zhang, Ellen van Rooijen, Jordan Shin, Anne E. Carpenter, Jing-Ruey Yeh, Randall T. Peterson, Othon Iliopoulos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Patients with a germline mutation in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) develop renal cell cancers and hypervascular tumors of the brain, adrenal glands, and pancreas as well as erythrocytosis. These phenotypes are driven by aberrant expression of HIF2α, which induces expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and red blood cell production. Currently, there are no effective treatments available for VHL disease. Here, using an animal model of VHL, we report a marked improvement of VHL-associated phenotypes following treatment with HIF2α inhibitors. Inactivation of vhl in zebrafish led to constitutive activation of HIF2α orthologs and modeled several aspects of the human disease, including erythrocytosis, pathologic angiogenesis in the brain and retina, and aberrant kidney and liver proliferation. Treatment of vhl(-/-) mutant embryos with HIF2α-specific inhibitors downregulated Hif target gene expression in a dose-dependent manner, improved abnormal hematopoiesis, and substantially suppressed erythrocytosis and angiogenic sprouting. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of HIF2α reversed the compromised cardiac contractility of vhl(-/-) embryos and partially rescued early lethality. This study demonstrates that small-molecule targeting of HIF2α improves VHL-related phenotypes in a vertebrate animal model and supports further exploration of this strategy for treating VHL disease.
Ensuring that international medical graduates and ethnic minority doctors have the necessary cultural awareness to provide care in the UK
Authors: J. L. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Esmail and Robert’s paper touches on important issues with respect to training and assessment, and it provides a window on potential pitfalls in both.1 But caution is needed. When undertaken in the UK, the membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners (MRCGP) exam is, as the authors acknowledge, “designed to …
The findings of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Medical Waste Tracking Act report.
Authors: M Y Lichtveld, S E Rodenbeck, J A Lybarger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) report "The Public Health Implications of Medical Waste: A Report to Congress" has been finalized and submitted to Congress. The report is a comprehensive review of all available data and information on the subject. Based on the data developed in the report, ATSDR concludes that the general public is not likely to be adversely affected by medical waste generated in the traditional health setting. However, the increase of in-home health care and other sources of nonregulated medical waste (e.g., intravenous drug users) provides opportunities for the general public to contact medical waste. In addition, ATSDR concludes that public health concerns exist for selected occupations involved with medical waste. These populations include janitorial and laundry workers, nurses, emergency medical personnel, and refuse workers. The ATSDR report also defines what material should be managed as medical waste and identifies research needs related to medical waste.
BONE SCINTIGRAPHIC FINDINGS RELATED TO UNILATERAL MASTECTOMY
Authors: A. G. Bledin, E. E. Kim, T. P. Haynie
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

The total body bone scans of 51 breast cancer patients who had received unilateral mastectomies were reviewed to establish the incidence of bone scintigraphic changes related to the surgery. Several features were noted: (a) increased radioactivity in the ribs on the side of the mastectomy in 76% of patients, (b) increased radioisotope uptake in the remaining breast in 36% of patients, (c) increased radioisotope uptake in the soft tissue of the arm on the mastectomy side in 18% of patients. Familiarity with the incidence of these findings may be of use in bone scan interpretation of breast cancer patients.
What's New in PKU
Authors: W. Eugene Knox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Introduction of a rational therapy for phenylketonuria kindled widespread hopes, some of which were perhaps naïve, that this form of mental deficiency could be eliminated, that similar ways could be opened to deal effectively with other, more frequent types of mental deficiency, and even that this disease offered, as J. B. S. Haldane once said about it, a realistic approach to solution of the philosophical problem of mind and body. Social forces strongly backed the promising effort. Enabling legislation of a kind unprecedented except for contagious diseases was enacted to ensure case finding and treatment on a large scale. After . . .
Hepatic Superscan on PET/CT Due to Richter's Transformation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Sanjeev Taneja, Dwight M. Achong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Richter's transformation refers to the change of usually indolent chronic lymphocytic leukemia to aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory findings may be nonspecific, while F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging has demonstrated high sensitivity for the detection of such a transformation. A case of presumed Richter's transformation in a patient with a 40-pound weight loss, progressive adenopathy and hepatomegaly, rapidly increasing white blood cell count, and the unusual Positron emission tomography/computed tomography finding of intense, diffuse fluorodeoxyglucose uptake throughout the markedly enlarged liver (reminiscent of a hepatic superscan), is reported.
Phase I Study of an Oral Formulation of ZD9331 Administered Daily for 28 Days
Authors: Michael B. Sawyer, Mark J. Ratain, Donna Bertucci, Robert P. Smith, Richard L. Schilsky, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Keith Shulman, Edwin C. Douglass, Gini F. Fleming
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To define the maximum-tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of an oral formulation of ZD9331, a novel thymidylate synthase inhibitor that is not a substrate for folylpolyglutamate synthase.Patients had Cancer and Leukemia Group B performance status < or = 2 and refractory solid tumors. Initially, patients received ZD9331 daily for 2 weeks, with the duration of treatment escalated to a maximum of 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week rest period. Once the maximum-tolerated duration of treatment was determined, the dose of ZD9331 was increased until DLT occurred.Fifty-five patients were enrolled at eight dose levels. The DLTs were thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. At 3 mg/d, two of 19 patients developed DLT; one patient had grade 3 thrombocytopenia and grade 4 neutropenia, and the other patient had grade 3 thrombocytopenia only. Anemia was common, with a median hemoglobin nadir of 75% of baseline, before recovery or transfusion. The apparent oral clearance of ZD9931 was 11.6 +/- 6.3 mL/min. Dose-limiting myelosuppression was associated with both an increased 24-hour ZD9931 concentration and blood urea nitrogen.The recommended phase II dose on this schedule is 3 mg/d for 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week rest period. ZD9331 seems to have a manageable toxicity profile, although it should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment.
Time to Take Health Delivery Research Seriously
Authors: Peter J. Pronovost, Christine A. Goeschel
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Unexplained Biliary Tract Dilatation in Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: R. G. Yapp, J. H. Siegel
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

Three patients, two men and one woman, diagnosed as having adenocarcinoma of the lung were found to have changes in cholestatic biochemical values, and CT scan of the abdomen demonstrated dilation of the biliary tree. Upon further evaluation using ERCP marked dilation of the biliary tree was confirmed. There was no anatomic obstruction to bile flow, no neoplastic involvement of the liver or bile ducts and no evidence of any infiltrative process or disease to explain the dilation. A paraneoplastic syndrome is proposed as the etiology of the biliary tract abnormality. Along with other more common causes, this newly described paraneoplastic syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer in patients presenting with cholestasis and biliary tract dilation.
DNA Testing to Refute a Diagnosis of Cancer
Authors: Edward P. Gelmann, Ernest Lack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Generally, I heartily agree with you (June 12 issue) 1 that legislators should not be practicing medicine.However, the issue of partial-birth abortion should not be mixed in with the others.The concern over this matter, as opposed to a need for mammography or hospitalization for delivery, is one of morality and is properly a decision more for our elected representatives than for doctors.The question of whether the fetus at any certain age is a human being worthy of society's protection against violation cannot be decided by scientific evidence.This question, however, is appropriately addressed by the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association, which is a deliberative body that can properly speak to policy on moral as well as scientific issues.
OPTIC NEURITIS OF SPHENOIDAL SINUS ORIGIN: OPERATION: CURE
Authors: S. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1923)

T-E rAmENo 925 of the maxillary sinuses prevented stagnation in these cavities and its consequent back-pressure and reinfection of the deeper sinuses.The frontal sinuses drained spon- taneously and were the first to clear.The drainage from the sphenoidal sinuses was encouraged by daily, or twice daily, introduction of strips of gauze (between the middle turbinal and septum) soaked in equal parts of 5 per cent.cocaine and adrenaline.I was very glad that I had refrained from any operative treatment on these deeper cavities.The traumatism entailed might only-in such an acute infection, and in the narrow and sensitive nose-have resulted in further blockage to the outflow and might possibly have spread infection to other areas through the blood or lymph streams.Pain, insomnia, fever, and other symptoms were treated on general principles.Local warmth (by woollen nightcap and radiant heat) gave relief.
ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION TO INTRAVENOUS CYCLOSPORIN
Authors: K.M.L Leunissen, P.W.G Waterval, J.P Van Hooff, RichardJ Ptachcinski, Jeffrey Gray, Raman Venkataramanan, GilbertJ Burckart, DavidH Van Thiel, J Thomas Rosenthal
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Effect of aspirin and NSAIDs on colorectal adenomas. Protective effect may be spurious.
Authors: S V Lo, H U Perry, R Lyons
Journal: BMJ (1993)

the calibration factors can be keyed into the monitors to take into account the sensor tempera- ture.As Davidson and Hosie state, to monitor ventilation satisfactorily it is necessary to measure both the adequacy of oxygenation and the adequacy of elimination of carbon dioxide.Transcutaneous monitoring allows this to be done easily and non- invasively in infants and children of all ages.