tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IL-1 produced and released endogenously within human islets inhibits beta cell function.
Authors: M Arnush, M R Heitmeier, A L Scarim, M H Marino, P T Manning, J A Corbett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Resident macrophages have been suggested to participate in the initiation of beta cell damage during the development of autoimmune diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine if the endogenous production and release of interleukin 1 (IL-1) in human islets of Langerhans by resident macrophages results in the inhibition of beta cell function. Treatment of human islets with a combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, nitric oxide production, and inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP) prevents TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma-induced iNOS expression and nitrite production, and attenuates the inhibitory effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by human islets. Inhibition of iNOS activity by aminoguanidine also attenuates TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma-induced inhibition of insulin secretion by human islets. These results indicate that the inhibitory effects of TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma are mediated by nitric oxide, produced by the actions of IL-1 released endogenously within human islets. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm that TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma stimulates the expression of both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta in human islets. Two forms of evidence indicate that resident macrophages are the human islet cellular source of IL-1: culture conditions that deplete islet lymphoid cells prevent TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma-induced iNOS expression, nitric oxide production, and IL-1 mRNA expression by human islets; and IL-1 and the macrophage surface marker CD69 colocalize in human islets treated with TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma as determined by immunohistochemical analysis. Lastly, nitric oxide production is not required for TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma-induced IL-1 release in human islets. However, cellular damage stimulates IL-1 release by islet macrophages. These findings support the hypothesis that activated islet macrophages may mediate beta cell damage during the development of insulin-dependent diabetes by releasing IL-1 in human islets followed by cytokine-induced iNOS expression by beta cells.
Hypertension, Peptic Ulcer, and Diabetes in Air Traffic Controllers
Authors: S. Cobb, R. M. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The hypothesis that certain diseases might be unduly frequent in journeyman air traffic controllers working in towers and centers has been tested by reviewing the aeromedical certification examinations on 4,325 traffic controllers and 8,435 second class airmen. The subjects were all men who had an examination in 1969 to 1970 and at least one previous examination not more than two years before that. Quite compelling evidence has been adduced to support the hypothesis with regard to hypertension; on peptic ulcer the evidence is moderately strong and for diabetes it is slight but suggestive.
OBSERVATIONS AND REFLECTIONS ON THE ETIOLOGY OF PELLAGRA
Authors: JAMES W. JOBLING
Journal: JAMA (1923)

It would be useless to enumerate the various views advanced to explain the cause of pellagra. Most of them have been discussed repeatedly, editorially, and in special articles inThe Journalduring the last few years. The idea that the disease is due to a faulty diet has been held almost from the beginning by many of those investigating its nature. At first, there was very little positive evidence in support of this view; but the results of the preventive and feeding experiments conducted by Goldberger,<sup>1</sup>and his associates, in orphanages in the South and elsewhere, were sufficiently suggestive to convince these workers that pellagra is due to a lack of the proper kind of proteins in the diet. Other observers in this country<sup>2</sup>besides ourselves<sup>3</sup>are not convinced that this explanation will account for certain epidemiologic observations. In addition, we have seen pellagra patients whose animal
Comparison of once- and twice-daily naftifine cream regimens with twice-daily clotrimazole in the treatment of tinea pedis
Authors: Edgar B. Smith, Karen Wiss, Jon M. Hanifin, Robert E. Jordon, Ronald P. Rapini, Alan E. Lasser, M. Barry Kirschenbaum, Larry E. Millikan, Lawrence Charles Parish, Marvin J. Rapaport, Henry Roenigk, Nardo Zaias, Sydney H. Dromgoole, John Sefton, Ronald DeGryse, Frank P. Killey
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1990)
The histological features of chronic hepatitis C and autoimmune chronic hepatitis: A comparative analysis
Authors: Nancy Bach, Swan N. Thung, Fenton Schaffner
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Before the availability of serological markers for hepatitis C, the morphological features of this diagnosis, which represents most non–A, non–B hepatitis, could not be confirmed. We examined biopsy specimens from 50 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 21 patients with autoimmune chronic hepatitis. Each biopsy specimen was graded on 19 different histological features. The results indicated that at the time of biopsy, the average age of patients with chronic hepatitis C was 46 yr vs. 36 yr for autoimmune chronic hepatitis. Cirrhosis was seen more frequently in autoimmune chronic hepatitis (90%) than in hepatitis C (58%). Features more commonly observed in chronic hepatitis C were bile duct damage (91% vs. 40%), bile duct loss (91% vs. 20%), steatosis (72% vs. 19%) and lymphoid cell aggregation (follicles) within portal tracts (49% vs. 10%). Severe lobular necrosis and inflammation (76% vs. 38%), piecemeal necrosis (81% vs. 10%), multinucleated hepatocytes (29% vs. 6%) and broad areas of parenchymal collapse (76% vs. 6%) were seen more often in autoimmune chronic hepatitis. Exclusion of five patients with autoimmune chronic hepatitis who received immunosuppression before biopsy accentuated these differences. In conclusion, morphological criteria, in addition to serological data, may be useful for differentiating chronic hepatitis C from autoimmune chronic hepatitis, which histologically is a more aggressive disease. (Hepatology 1992;15:572-577).
Manual on Control of Infection in Surgical Patients
Authors: John H. Wulsin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This publication by the American College of Surgeons represents another valuable contribution in the series of manuals dealing with selected topics of major interest to surgeons and the health care industry. The compact, well-designed volume resulted from four symposia held between March 1970 and November 1972 under the auspices of the American College of Surgeons and directed by the Committee on Control of Surgical Infections. From the contributions of approximately 100 persons, an editorial subcommittee distilled the observations and recommendations into a manageable, eminently useful source of information, intended to provide busy clinical surgeons, surgical interns and residents, nurses, anesthesiologists, infection committee and epidemiologists with an up to date readily available source of information useful for the prevention and control of surgical infections in hospital practice.  The manual achieves its goal with remarkable success, thanks to skillful editing and presentation of the mass of material. Many photographs, diagrams, sample records,
Impact of Acute Mental Stress on Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Regional Blood Flow in Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Holly R. Middlekauff, Alison H. Nguyen, Carlos E. Negrao, Egbert U. Nitzsche, Carl K. Hoh, Barbara A. Natterson, Michele A. Hamilton, Gregg C. Fonarow, Antoine Hage, Jaime D. Moriguchi
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Evidence is accumulating that specific “triggers,” such as intense psychological stress, may precipitate myocardial infarction and sudden death. Patients with advanced heart failure have increased resting sympathoexcitation, which has been directly related to increased mortality. The impact of triggers on sympathetic nerve activity and regional blood flow in heart failure has not been examined in patients with heart failure. Methods and Results Twenty-seven patients with heart failure (NYHA functional class III or IV) and 26 age-matched normal control subjects were studied. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, forearm blood flow, and renal blood flow were measured during mental stress testing with mental arithmetic and Stroop color word test. Patients with heart failure had elevated levels of resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate. Mental stress significantly increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in both patients with heart failure and control subjects, although the magnitude of increases tended to be blunted in patients with heart failure. Nevertheless, absolute levels of sympathetic activity in patients with heart failure remained significantly higher than levels in control subjects during mental stress. The decrease in renal blood flow in patients with heart failure was similar to that of control subjects, despite greater resting renal vasoconstriction. The increase in forearm blood flow during mental stress testing in patients with heart failure was blunted compared with that of control subjects. Conclusions Patients with heart failure do not have augmented muscle sympathetic nerve activity responses to mental stress, despite elevated resting levels of sympathetic activity, but they do have markedly higher absolute levels of sympathetic nerve activity during mental stress as well as at rest.
A new comprehensive scale for ranking complexity of endoscopic procedures
Authors: P. Cotton, J. Romagnuolo
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Working parties of the ASGE Quality Committee recently published a proposed new lexicon for adverse events (complications), and a separate extensive review of risk factors. The complexity of procedures also affects outcomes. A scale of complexity for ERCP was developed in 20001 and has been used in a modified form.2 Our goal was to update that scale and to develop one for the other main procedures. <h3>Methods</h3> We made lists of all of the techniques and contexts in which they are used and refined them after review by members of the ASGE Quality Committee and their clinical colleagues. The final lists were then distributed to 75 gastroenterologists in USA, Canada and Britain who were asked to score the items on a scale of 1–4, with 4 being the most complex. They were asked also whether or not to raise the item by one level (to a maximum of 4) if the procedure was done out of normal working hours, or in a child aged less than 3 years, or one that had been unsuccessful before. <h3>Results</h3> The data for upper endoscopy and for colonoscopy are shown. Those for EUS and ERCP will be presented <h3>Conclusion</h3> A scale for ranking the complexity of the common endoscopic procedures has been developed and is ready to be tested and validated. This complements lexicons for adverse events and for risk factors that have been published recently from the Quality committee of the ASGE.
Systemic eight-cycle anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) therapy in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas - an applicational observation
Authors: S. Gellrich, J.M. Muche, A. Wilks, K.C. Jasch, C. Voit, T. Fischer, H. Audring, W. Sterry
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Systemic eight‐cycle anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) therapy in primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas – an applicational observation Get access S. Gellrich, S. Gellrich Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt‐University Berlin, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany S. Gellrich. E‐mail: sylke.gellrich@charite.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. Muche, J.M. Muche Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt‐University Berlin, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Wilks, A. Wilks Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt‐University Berlin, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.C. Jasch, K.C. Jasch Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt‐University Berlin, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Voit, C. Voit Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt‐University Berlin, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Fischer, T. Fischer Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt‐University Berlin, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Audring, H. Audring Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt‐University Berlin, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Sterry W. Sterry Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt‐University Berlin, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 153, Issue 1, 1 July 2005, Pages 167–173, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06659.x Published: 01 July 2005 Article history Accepted: 29 November 2004 Published: 01 July 2005
Differences in 4-Year Health Outcomes for Elderly and Poor, Chronically III Patients Treated in HMO and Fee-for-Service Systems
Authors: John E. Ware
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To compare physical and mental health outcomes of chronically ill adults, including elderly and poor subgroups, treated in health maintenance organization (HMO) and fee-for-service (FFS) systems.A 4-year observational study of 2235 patients (18 to 97 years of age) with hypertension, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), recent acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and depressive disorder sampled from HMO and FFS systems in 1986 and followed up through 1990. Those aged 65 years and older covered under Medicare and low-income patients (200% of poverty) were analyzed separately.Offices of physicians practicing family medicine, internal medicine, endocrinology, cardiology, and psychiatry, in HMO and FFS systems of care. Types of practices included both prepaid group (72% of patients) and independent practice association (28%) types of HMOs, large multispecialty groups, and solo or small, single-specialty practices in Boston, Mass, Chicago, Ill, and Los Angeles, Calif.Differences between initial and 4-year follow-up scores of summary physical and mental health scales from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) for all patients and practice settings.On average, physical health declined and mental health remained stable during the 4-year follow-up period, with physical declines larger for the elderly than for the nonelderly (P<.001). In comparisons between HMO and FFS systems, physical and mental health outcomes did not differ for the average patient; however, they did differ for subgroups of the population differing in age and poverty status. For elderly patients (those aged 65 years and older) treated under Medicare, declines in physical health were more common in HMOs than in FFS plans (54% vs 28%; P<.001). In 1 site, mental health outcomes were better (P<.05) for elderly patients in HMOs relative to FFS but not in 2 other sites. For patients differing in poverty status, opposite patterns of physical health (P<.05) and for mental health (P<.001) outcomes were observed across systems; outcomes favored FFS over HMOs for the poverty group and favored HMOs over FFS for the nonpoverty group.During the study period, elderly and poor chronically ill patients had worse physical health outcomes in HMOs than in FFS systems; mental health outcomes varied by study site and patient characteristics. Current health care plans should carefully monitor the health outcomes of these vulnerable subgroups.
STUDIES ON INTESTINAL CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION IN THE HUMAN
Authors: Bengt Borgström
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

While the main part of our dietary fat, the glycerides, are absorbed with an efficiency of around 99 per cent, the small amount of cholesterol normally dissolved therein is absorbed to a much lesser extent. Results of balance studies in man have shown that the extent of absorption varies widely with the amotunt fed and the methods used for determining fecal steroids (1). The total capacity of the human intestine to absorb cholesterol has been determined to be around 3 g per day (2). Experiments with labeled cholesterol fed in a single dose have given absorption figures generally even lower than those obtained from balance studies. Thus Biggs and colleagues (3) reported that of 856 and 688 mg tritium-la
Injury From Flaming Drink
Authors: Raymond D. Aller
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  I was very interested to see the article by Achauer and co-workers (1982;247:2271). I was dining in a restaurant last fall when a person was burned severely by a flaming drink. In this instance, the unfortunate patron, who was having a birthday party, was ordered a flaming drink as a surprise by his friends. He did not realize in the poor lighting that he was drinking from a flaming glass, and sustained severe facial, mouth, and, apparently, esophageal burns.  It is clear that we must encourage the restaurants in our own communities to adopt appropriate safety guidelines, such as those proposed in the article. An additional requirement, almost self-evident, would be to make the patron aware that he is being served a flaming drink.
THE REQUIREMENT OF OVALBUMIN FOR THE GROWTH OF GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS IN A SYNTHETIC MEDIUM
Authors: Hutton D. Slade, William C. Slamp
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Crystalline ovalbumin, when heated under controlled conditions, promoted growth of Streptococcus hemolyticus in a synthetic medium. A similar activation of albumin also was produced by ultraviolet irradiation or by shaking under nitrogen. Untreated albumin failed to permit growth under the same conditions. The activity of treated albumin was destroyed by aeration or by reaction with iodoacetate. The data suggest that the activity of ovalbumin for the streptococcus depends on the presence of "exposed" SH groups. However, other sulfhydryl-containing compounds (thioglycolate, glutathione, cysteine) could not replace ovalbumin. A number of crude and crystalline proteins, and di- and tripeptides were inactive. Strepogenin and crystalline bovine serum albumin produced a weak growth response on extended incubation. Approximately 50 per cent of the original protein in the culture disappeared during growth. Ovalbumin labelled with C(14) was added to the synthetic medium. After growth of the culture the isotope was found associated with the cells and in the culture fluid in both dialyzable and non-dialyzable forms. Under the conditions described, luxuriant growth of 15 strains (10 serological types) of Group A streptococci was obtained in 10 hours from small inocula. The growth was capable of repeated subcultivation.
Increased Prevalence of Migraine in Patients with Uninvestigated Dyspepsia Referred for Open-Access Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: G. Meucci, F. Radaelli, A. Prada, A. Bortoli, S. Crotta, C. Cerrato, G. Minoli
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

The association between gastrointestinal symptoms and headache is frequently unrecognized. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of migraine in dyspeptic outpatients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Patients aged 18 - 55 years undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for dyspeptic symptoms in three endoscopic units were recruited consecutively. All of the patients were given a validated questionnaire on headache symptoms in order to determine the prevalence of migraine. Patients were divided into four groups (ulcer-like dyspepsia, reflux-like dyspepsia, dysmotility-like dyspepsia, only nausea and/or vomiting). Age-matched blood donors were given the same questionnaires and served as controls.A total of 378 patients (mean age 40 +/- 11, 52 % men) and 310 controls (mean age 39 +/- 11, 56 % men) were enrolled. No differences were observed between the two groups in the prevalence of migraine (15 % vs. 11 %; P = 0.12). A higher prevalence of migraine was found among women in both groups (P < 0.006). In patients with reflux-like and ulcer-like dyspepsia, the prevalence of migraine did not differ from that in the control individuals (8 % and 7 %, respectively), whereas a higher prevalence of migraine was noted in patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia (23 %; P < 0.02 vs. controls, those with ulcer-like dyspepsia and those with reflux-like dyspepsia) and in patients with nausea and/or vomiting alone (53 %; P < 0.002 vs. all other groups). The multivariate analysis confirmed that the symptom pattern and sex were the only variables independently associated with migraine.A diagnosis of migraine should be considered in young patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy due to nausea and/or vomiting or for dysmotility-like dyspepsia.