tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brief Psychotherapy: A Reappraisal of Some Theoretical Assumptions
Authors: C. KNIGHT ALDRICH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Community psychiatry puts a new premium on efficiency in psychotherapy. Unless effective brief methods based on psychodynamic principles are developed, the practical application of the theoretical advances of the last half century may be jeopardized by consequences of the increasing public demand for psychotherapeutic care. Extending the Johnson-Szurek hypothesis on the role of expectation to include the ego as well as the superego and the therapist as well as the parent may provide a theoretical background for a more optimistic and briefer psychotherapy that retains a psychoanalytic orientation.
Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection in adults.
Authors: M. E. Wilkie, M. K. Almond, F. P. Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Although most urinary tract infections in adults are uncomplicated and respond rapidly to empirical anti- microbial therapy, they represent a considerable health problem, particularly among women, in whom the annual general practice consultation rate for cystitis and urinary infection has been estimated as 62-5/1000.'Occasionally, urinary tract infections cause serious and permanent renal damage in patients with underlying abnormalities of the renal tract, pregnancy, or diabetes mellitus.'In young men who have not had instrumentation of the genitourinary tract urinary tract infection is rare, except in sexually active homosexuals, but it is more common after the age of 50 owing to prostatic disease.In institutionalised elderly patients the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria approaches 20-50% in women and 5-20% in men.3'Urinary tract infections in childhood may cause longlasting and progressive renal damage, which may result in end stage renal failure in young adults. DiagnosisUrinary frequency, dysuria, and suprapubic dis- comfort are the characteristic symptoms of cystitis, often causing considerable distress with sleep disturb- ance, time off work, and inability to participate in activities or travel.The differential diagnosis of these symptoms includes the urethral syndrome, sexually transmitted disease, and vaginitis.6In general, the patient with acute pyelonephritis is systemically unwell with rigors, fever, back and loin pain with tendemess in the costovertebral angle, colicky abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and leuco- cytosis.Blood and urine cultures usually have positive results, and Gram negative shock may occur, particularly when there is complicating obstructive uropathy due to papillary necrosis.
CORTISOL METABOLISM IN MAN: OBSERVATIONS OF PATHWAYS, POOL SIZES OF METABOLITES AND RATES OF FORMATION OF METABOLITES*
Authors: Norman I. Gold, Louis L. Smith, Francis D. Moore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

Variations have been shown to occur in the quantitative urinary excretion pattern of the me- tabolites of cortisol in a variety of traumatic events such as surgery, bone fracture and burns (1).The compounds evaluated were THF, allo-THF and THE,' and it was demonstrated that the rela- tive proportion of THF: THE excreted during and after a "traumatic event" was markedly in- creased.In addition almost complete absence of allo-THF was observed in a chronically ill indi- vidual and it reappeared upon convalescence.The rate of secretion of cortisol was one factor involved in producing the increase in urinary THF: THE, since following the administration of adrenocorti- cotropin (ACTH) to normal individuals the rela- tive proportion of urinary THF as compared with THE was observed to rise (1-5).However, gross changes in the pattern of urinary metabo- lites of cortisol occurred in "traumatized" indi- viduals during periods of normal or even declin- ing adrenal activity (1).This suggested that
Studies on the Minimum Daily Requirement for Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>
Authors: Louis W. Sullivan, Victor Herbert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE minimum daily adult requirement for vitamin B12 has not been established.1 Shortly after the isolation of crystalline vitamin B12 in 1948 by Rickes et al.,2 West and Reisner3 reported that the minimum effective parenterally administered dose for patients with pernicious anemia was 1 microgm. daily. Noting that these investigators had not obtained a reticulocyte response to 0.1 microgm. of cyanocobalamin daily in the only patient given this dose, Darby and his associates4 found that parenteral administration of cyanocobalamin, in doses of 0.25 to 1.0 microgm. daily, to patients with pernicious anemia in relapse resulted in reticulocyte responses . . .
Role of prethymic cells in acquisition of self-tolerance
Authors: HO Besedovsky, A Del Rey, E Sorkin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The sequential character of T-lymphocyte development as it pertains to the stage at which self-tolerance is acquired was investigated. Three phases were studied, defined here as prethymic, intrathymic, and postthymic as determined by the timing of thymus implantation. The model utilized was the temporal pattern of skin graft rejection in thymusless BALB/c nude mice implanted with allogeneic, C57BL/6J, or syngeneic thymuses before or after skin grafting; in some instances, F(1) hybrid spleen cells were also given to newborns or young adults. These experiments in nude mice showed that, (a) self-tolerance could be established despite the absence of the host's own haplotype in the implanted thymus; (b) recently emigrated postthymic cells could already discriminate self from non-self; (c) specific neonatal tolerance could be induced in nudes by inoculation of F(1) hybrid cells; (d) nudes showed a higher capacity for induction of neonatal tolerance than did normal littermates. These findings indicate that the process of self-tolerance in the T cell's lineage begins during the prethymic state early in ontogeny.
Modeling Spatial Patterns of Traffic-Related Air Pollutants in Complex Urban Terrain
Authors: Leonard M. Zwack, Christopher J. Paciorek, John D. Spengler, Jonathan I. Levy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The relationship between traffic emissions and mobile-source air pollutant concentrations is highly variable over space and time and therefore difficult to model accurately, especially in urban settings with complex terrain. Regression-based approaches using continuous real-time mobile measurements may be able to characterize spatiotemporal variability in traffic-related pollutant concentrations but require methods to incorporate temporally varying meteorology and source strength in a physically interpretable fashion.We developed a statistical model to assess the joint impact of both meteorology and traffic on measured concentrations of mobile-source air pollutants over space and time.In this study, traffic-related air pollutants were continuously measured in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York (USA), which is affected by traffic on a large bridge and major highway. One-minute average concentrations of ultrafine particulate matter (UFP), fine particulate matter [≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)], and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured using a mobile-monitoring protocol. Regression modeling approaches to quantify the influence of meteorology, traffic volume, and proximity to major roadways on pollutant concentrations were used. These models incorporated techniques to capture spatial variability, long- and short-term temporal trends, and multiple sources.We observed spatial heterogeneity of both UFP and PM2.5 concentrations. A variety of statistical methods consistently found a 15-20% decrease in UFP concentrations within the first 100 m from each of the two major roadways. For PM2.5, temporal variability dominated spatial variability, but we observed a consistent linear decrease in concentrations from the roadways.The combination of mobile monitoring and regression analysis was able to quantify local source contributions relative to background while accounting for physically interpretable parameters. Our results provide insight into urban exposure gradients.
Circulatory effects of graded diversion of portal blood flow to the systemic circulation in rats: Role of nitric oxide
Authors: C Bernadich, J C Bandi, C Piera, J Bosch, J Rodes
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Total portal-systemic shunting in normal animals is associated with splanchnic and systemic vasodilation, suggesting that vasodilation in cirrhosis may be facilitated by spontaneous shunts promoted by portal hypertension. However, the mechanism of this vasodilation is unknown. The aim is to study the acute effects of the graded diversion of portal blood flow to the systemic circulation in normal and portal hypertensive rats. Portal and systemic hemodynamics were measured in normal and portal hypertensive rats before and during graded portacaval diversion of portal blood flow, in basal conditions, and after nitric oxide inhibition. In portal hypertensive rats, graded portal flow diversion caused a rate-related decrease in portal pressure (from 15.3 ± 0.6 to 11.2 ± 0.7 mm hg at 6 mL × min(-1), P &lt; .001) and a redistribution of portal-collateral blood flow from the spontaneous portal-systemic collaterals to the portacaval circuit, without changing total portal-systemic shunting. Graded portal diversion caused an immediate systemic vasodilation, with reduced peripheral resistance. This vasodilatory response was more pronounced in normal than in portal hypertensive rats (increase in cardiac index 23.6% ± 2.8% vs. 8.5% ± 4.9%, P &lt; .02, fall in peripheral resistance -24.5% ± 3.4% vs. -16.5% ± 2.6%, P = .08), and was totally prevented by nitric oxide inhibition. The graded diversion of portal blood flow caused a flow- rate-related reduction in portal pressure and blood flow through spontaneous portal-systemic collaterals in portal hypertensive rats, and caused a nitric-oxide dependent systemic vasodilatory response, which was greater in normal than in portal hypertensive rats. These results suggest that portal-systemic shunting per se may contribute to the vasodilatation in portal hypertension.
34 UPREGULATION OF MIR-506 LEADS TO DECREASED AE2 EXPRESSION IN BILIARY EPITHELIUM OF PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
Authors: J.M. Banales, E. Sáez, M. Úriz, P. Splinter, P.S. Tietz Bogert, J. Prieto, J.F. Medina, N.F. LaRusso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Evaluation of rat striatal l-dopa and DA concentration after intraperitoneal administration of l-dopa prodrugs in liposomal formulations
Authors: Antonio Di Stefano, Maria Carafa, Piera Sozio, Francesco Pinnen, Daniela Braghiroli, Giustino Orlando, Giuseppe Cannazza, Massimo Ricciutelli, Carlotta Marianecci, Eleonora Santucci
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2004)
P26 * A MANAGEMENT ALGORITHM FOR ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH HIGH GRADE GLIOMA
Authors: A. Ghosh, G. Critchley, J. Brock, G. Walsh
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: With the increased effectiveness of the neuro-oncology multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) more elderly patients are presenting with high grade glioma (HGG). The aim of this study is to identify the various pathways of care these patients took following discussion at the MDM. METHOD: All patients aged 70 and above who were referred to the MDM with appearances of HGG on their imaging between December 2012 and December 2013 were identified from the MDM records. Data regarding their management plan (resective surgery, biopsy, radiotherapy, palliative care) was collected along with their overall survival. An algorithm was then formulated to illustrate the various pathways of care received. RESULTS: A total of 32 patients of the above inclusion criteria were discussed at the MDM. 14 patients were offered surgery of which 8 underwent a debulking and 6 had biopsy. 6 of these undergoing debulking had radiotherapy with a mean overall survival (OS) of 6.6 months. Those undergoing a biopsy only with radiotherapy had a mean overall survival of 4.6 months. Those not offered surgery were referred back to their local acute oncologist, physician or palliative care service with close liaison with these teams. CONCLUSION: Decisions about this patient category should be individualised. Collaboration with local acute oncology/medical/palliative services allows radical treatment offered to those who would benefit. This helps avoid unnecessary transportation of patients with poor performance status whilst maintaining support to patients and carers not undergoing surgery.
Multiple Nevoid Basal-Cell Epithelioma, Jaw Cysts and Bifid Rib
Authors: Robert J. Gorlin, Robert W. Goltz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

IN 1951 Binkley and Johnson1 reported the case of a thirty-one-year-old woman with basal-cell nevi, agenesis of the corpus callosum and dental cysts. The skin lesions, appearing in childhood, extended to involve the neck, face, thorax, abdomen, upper arms and back. The jaw lesions, noted when she was about sixteen years of age, were diagnosed as dentigerous cysts. She was given roentgenotherapy to the jaw for seven years. Subsequently, fibrosarcoma developed in this area and metastasized to the lungs and vertebras, resulting in death. A fibroma of the ovary was surgically removed, and bifid sixth rib and absence of the . . .
Canadian health experts demand that tobacco firms stop using term "light"
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A group of Canadian health and legal experts has filed a complaint with the federal Competition Bureau to stop tobacco companies using the terms “light” and “mild” to describe cigarettes, calling the practice destructive and deceptive.

The group includes three medical officers of health from major Canadian cities, the medical officer of health for British Columbia, and the University of Laval's dean of medicine. The Non-Smokers' Rights Association coordinated the filing of the complaint, its executive director calling the practice a “consumer fraud.”

Dr Rob Cushman, medical officer of health for Ottawa, said: “It is …
Analysis of published studies on the detection of extrathoracic metastases in patients presumed to have operable non-small cell lung cancer.
Authors: T K Hillers, M D Sauve, G H Guyatt
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--A study was undertaken to determine the proportion of patients with potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer that could be spared thoracotomy by a systematic search for extrathoracic metastases. METHODS--An English language literature search was carried out using MEDLINE (1966-91) and bibliographic reviews of textbooks, review articles, and key articles. Studies were included in which at least 90% of the patients had histologically proven non-small cell cancer of the lung, were presumed otherwise operable, and for which the results of computed tomography of the head or abdomen, ultrasonography of the abdomen, or radionuclide imaging (scan) of bone or liver were available. Study quality and specific descriptive information concerning population, intervention, and outcome measurements were assessed. RESULTS--Of approximately 1500 citations which were screened, 100 were reviewed in detail and data abstracted from 16. The number of patients (total number, followed in square brackets by number of asymptomatic patients) shown to be inoperable directly as a result of the investigation and thus spared unnecessary thoracotomy was: computed tomography of the head: 26/785 (3.3%), 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1% to 4.4% [14/353 (4.0%), 95% CI 2% to 6%], computed tomography of the adrenal glands: 30/632 (4.7%), 95% CI 3.0% to 6.4% [number asymptomatic indeterminate], bone scan: 45/480 (9.3%), 95% CI 6.7% to 12% [9/301 (3.0%), 95% CI 1.1% to 4.9%], liver imaging: 12/529 (2.3%), 95% CI 0.9% to 3.3% [4/268 (1.5%), 95% CI 0.1% to 3%]. CONCLUSIONS--A study with a large sample size and preferably incorporating thoracic computed tomography is required to narrow the confidence intervals around each test. All tests may play an important part in the preoperative evaluation of patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung who are presumed to be operable, including asymptomatic patients. Limitations of present data preclude definitive recommendations for asymptomatic patients.
If active immunotherapy doesn't work...
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The honey bee, at least according to one school of entomological thought, shares with the yellow jacket the distinction of being among the most common of the venomous stinging insects. Only the female honey bee stings, usually only on perceiving a threat. Mayo Clinic investigators from Rochester, Minn, reporting at the American Academy of Allergy meeting in New Orleans, described four patients sensitive to honey bee stings, for whom active immunization with honey bee venom failed to provide protection. All are from families that keep bees. Passive immunotherapy was attempted using plasma from hyperimmune beekeepers. Eventually, reported John W. Yunginger, MD, and P. J. Santrach, these patients could tolerate daily (deliberate) bee stings. However, systemic reactions again resulted if the interval between stings was increased to one week. Yunginger and Santrach conclude: "Clinical immunity to stings is not simply dependent on IgG phospholipase A antibody levels but may be modulated
Re: Prostate Cancer in Fathers With Fewer Male Offspring: the Jerusalem Perinatal Study Cohort
Authors: Justo Lorenzo Bermejo, Jan Sundquist, Kari Hemminki
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

We read with interest the recent article by Harlap et al. ( 1 ).The authors reported that, among 712 men with prostate cancer, those with only daughters had an increased risk of prostate cancer, compared with men with at least one son (adjusted relative risk = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20 to 1.64, P <.0001).The results prompted the authors to speculate that a Y chromosome locus may be involved in prostate cancer risk in the population they studied.Because the study of Harlap et al. was small, we decided to replicate the analyses taking advantage of the last update of the Swedish Family-Cancer Database.The Database has been described in detail elsewhere ( 2 , 3 ).In our analyses, more than 3.1 million men were followed from birth of their fi rst offspring, immigration date, or fi rst year of the study (1961), whichever came latest, until death, diagnosis of any cancer, emigration, or December 31, 2004, whichever came fi rst.We identifi ed 120 812 men with invasive prostate cancer diagnosed at the age of 32 -99 years Table 1 .Relative risk of prostate cancer in men with offspring in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database by numbers of total offspring and male offspring * Total offspring, No. Male offspring, No.
Demonstration of Traumatic Hepato-Pleural-Cutaneous Defect by 131I-Rose Bengal
Authors: ROBERT W. HENDERSON, YING-CHEN LEE, NANCY TELFER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

A 19-year-old man was shot in the right chest about 2 cm below the nipple; bloody fluid was drained through a chest tube. Two days later sero-sanguineous fluid tinged with bile was seen to drain from the wound site. 131I-rose bengal, injected intravenously, collected in the dome of the liver and drained into a collection bag placed over the wound site, thus identifying a hepatopleural-cutaneous fistula, which was confirmed at surgery.
Botulinum toxin in the cerebral palsies
Authors: B. Neville
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Botulinum toxin is now routinely used in adult focal dystonias,1 including blepharospasm,2 spasmodic torticollis,3 and hemifacial spasm, and also in squint and some types of tremor.4 When injected close to the main area of nerve arborisation within a muscle, the toxin is selectively taken up by cholinergic nerve terminals and blocks neuromuscular transmission for between two and four months until new terminals grow. Recent reports of its use in the cerebral palsies are encouraging but need to be placed in context.

The cerebral palsies are motor disorders arising from static brain abnormalities that may result from early embryological defects or damage in utero or early extrauterine life. Cerebral palsy phenotypes often include primary cognitive, psychiatric, sensory, and seizure disorders and a wide range of secondary skeletal and general medical illnesses. The motor disorders vary greatly in severity and neurological signs. Each pathology may therefore cause a range of types of cerebral palsy without any necessary concordance between pathological and clinical categories.5

The process of progressive developmental revelation with age, the cascade of disabilities in the first two to three decades, and the propensity of the developing nervous system to compensate for early damage (albeit by its …
Cardiac Metabolism and its Interactions With Contraction, Growth, and Survival of Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Stephen C. Kolwicz, Suneet Purohit, Rong Tian
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

The network for cardiac fuel metabolism contains intricate sets of interacting pathways that result in both ATP-producing and non–ATP-producing end points for each class of energy substrates. The most salient feature of the network is the metabolic flexibility demonstrated in response to various stimuli, including developmental changes and nutritional status. The heart is also capable of remodeling the metabolic pathways in chronic pathophysiological conditions, which results in modulations of myocardial energetics and contractile function. In a quest to understand the complexity of the cardiac metabolic network, pharmacological and genetic tools have been engaged to manipulate cardiac metabolism in a variety of research models. In concert, a host of therapeutic interventions have been tested clinically to target substrate preference, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial function. In addition, the contribution of cellular metabolism to growth, survival, and other signaling pathways through the production of metabolic intermediates has been increasingly noted. In this review, we provide an overview of the cardiac metabolic network and highlight alterations observed in cardiac pathologies as well as strategies used as metabolic therapies in heart failure. Lastly, the ability of metabolic derivatives to intersect growth and survival are also discussed.
DESIGNER CHIMERIC NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE CBA-NP REDUCES MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS AND IMPROVES CARDIO-HUMORAL ACTIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Syed Ameenuddin, Elise A. Oehler, John C. Burnett, Horng H. Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Glucosamine synthetase activity of the colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
Authors: M J Goodman, P W Kent, S C Truelove
Journal: Gut (1977)

Glucosamine synthetase is the first enzyme in glycoprotein biosynthesis, catalysing the formation of glucosamine-6-phosphate, from which N-acetylglucosamine is formed.The levels of this enzyme in normal human colonic mucosa (in colectomy specimens and rectal biopsies) were found to be 13-8 4 0 pmol glucosamine synthesised/h/g wet wt.In the colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis the enzyme level was diminished when there was loss of epithelial cells in the mucosa, although not when there was just loss of goblet cells.In patients recovering from an acute attack of ulcerative colitis, the enzyme levels rose to a peak above the normal range, an effect which did not occur in patients who did not recover promptly.This recovery peak may be related to the synthesis of gastrointestinal mucus, or immunoglobulin, or the secretory component of IgA, all of which contain large amounts of N-acetylglucosamine.Glucosamine synthetase (L-glutamine-D-fructose-6- phosphate aminotransferase, EC.2.6.1.16)is the cytoplasmic enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of glucosamine-6-phosphate from fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine: Fructose-6-phosphate Glucosamine-6-phosphate Glucosamine +
Cetuximab Beyond Progression in Kras Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ko Lam, Victor Lee, Cheukwai Choi, Hck Sze, Rcc Kwok, Bcy Shum, Iwc Wong, Jwh Tsang, Rico Liu, Tw Leung, Dlw Kwong
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)