tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine is Licensed for Infants
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

AFTER 15 YEARS of development and extensive field trials in Europe and the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has licensed an acellular pertussis vaccine for use in the primary diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunization series at age 2, 4, and 6 months, when most serious complications of the disease occur. The new licensure does not require a new product to be manufactured. The acellular version has been licensed since 1992 for use in the fourth and fifth doses of DTP given to children up to 6 years of age. The vaccine, manufactured by Connaught Laboratories, Inc, Swiftwater, Pa, is available now to physicians for use in their pediatric practices. Marketed under the trade name Tripedia, the vaccine contains 2 antigens: pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. Acellular vaccines were originally developed in Japan. The principle was further developed by several US manufacturers, including Connaught, in response to concerns over adverse
INDUCTION OF RABBIT ANTIBODY WITH MOLECULAR UNIFORMITY AFTER IMMUNIZATION WITH GROUP C STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Klaus Eichmann, Henry Lackland, Leroy Hood, Richard M. Krause
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Antibodies with uniform properties may occur in rabbits after immunization with Group C streptococci. These precipitating antibodies possess specificity for the group-specific carbohydrate. Not uncommonly, their concentration is between 20 and 40 mg/ml of antiserum. Evidence for molecular uniformity in the case of one of these antibodies, described in detail here, includes: individual antigenic specificity; monodisperse distribution of the light chains by alkaline urea polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis; and a single amino acid in each of the first three N-terminal positions of the light chains. When the amino acid sequence of rabbit antibody b+ light chains (kappa type) are aligned against their human kappa counterparts, a definite homology is observed between the N-terminus of the human and the rabbit variable region.
miR-155 regulates IFN-γ production in natural killer cells
Authors: Rossana Trotta, Li Chen, David Ciarlariello, Srirama Josyula, Charlene Mao, Stefan Costinean, Lianbo Yu, Jonathan P. Butchar, Susheela Tridandapani, Carlo M. Croce, Michael A. Caligiuri
Journal: Blood (2012)
Functioning Liver Metastases on an I-131 Whole-Body Scan
Authors: ORHAN KONEZ, LAURENCE G. HANELIN, ERIC L. JENISON, MANISH GOYAL, WALTER RANDOLPH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 46-year-old women was examined for severe constipation. Pelvic examination revealed a large pelvic mass extending to the level of the umbilicus. Computed tomography showed a large multicystic, septated mass in the pelvis and a small amount of fluid in the cul de sac. In addition, multiple ill-defined, mixed-attenuation hepatic lesions were identified. A malignant ovarian neoplasm with liver metastases was considered, so the pelvic mass was resected. Interestingly, histopathologic analysis revealed malignant struma ovarii of the follicular type. Biopsy of the liver lesions confirmed metastatic disease with similar histopathologic findings. All thyroid laboratory values were in the normal range. The patient then had a total thyroidectomy to optimize thyroid ablation therapy with I-131. This revealed a small follicular adenoma but no evidence of cancer. An I-131 whole-body scan was performed and showed uptake in multiple functioning liver metastases.
Correlation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) mRNA with proviral DNA load, virus-specific CD8+ T cells, and disease severity in HTLV-1–associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP)
Authors: Yoshihisa Yamano, Masahiro Nagai, Meghan Brennan, Carlos A. Mora, Samantha S Soldan, Utano Tomaru, Norihiro Takenouchi, Shuji Izumo, Mitsuhiro Osame, Steven Jacobson
Journal: Blood (2002)
Abstract 4728: FGFR1 gene amplification in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ji Soo Park, Jae-Seok Lee, Hyo Sup Shim, Hye Ryun Kim, Sun Min Lim, Joo Hang Kim, Byoung Chul Cho
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) received special attention from many clinicians according to finding that FGFR1 played a critical role in many human cancers. Some clinical trials using FGFR1 targeting agents are in progress especially in breast cancer and squamous non-small cell lung cancer. Recently, FGFR1 amplifications were also found in about 5.6-6% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) by gene copy number analysis and FISH. Methods: Tumor tissues from 113 patients diagnosed with SCLC from October 2009 to February 2013 in YUHS, Korea were collected. FGFR1 FISH assay was performed on the tissue microarray using FISH probe that hybridized to the band 8p12-8p11.23 (FISH probes were provided by Abbott Molecular, Abbott Park, IL). Results: Thirty-two patients with limited-stage disease (LD) and eighty-one patients with extensive-stage disease (ED) were enrolled. Fourteen patients were female. Among 113 tumor samples, 5 samples (4.4%) showed FGFR1 amplification. All 5 samples were obtained from the patients with ED. The patients with FGFR1 amplification more frequently had pleural metastasis at the time of diagnosis (80% vs. 26%, P=0.022). In ED, the patients with FGFR1 amplification represented shorter disease free survival from first line chemotherapy (Hazard ratio [HR], 4.469; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.600-12.483; P=0.004) and second line chemotherapy (HR, 6.533; 95% CI, 1.700-25.108; P=0.006) than the patients without FGFR1 amplification in multivariate analysis. Median overall survival time was 8.2 months in the patients with FGFR1 amplification and 10.2 months in the patients without FGFR1 amplifications (P=0.296). Conclusion: FGFR1 amplification is a poor potential predictive biomarker of standard chemotherapy, necessitating further research in a large cohort of SCLC. The validity of targeting FGFR1 in SCLC should be confirmed in a clinical trial. Citation Format: Ji Soo Park, Jae-Seok Lee, Hyo Sup Shim, Hye Ryun Kim, Sun Min Lim, Joo Hang Kim, Byoung Chul Cho. FGFR1 gene amplification in small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4728. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4728
Positioning of bone marrow hematopoietic and stromal cells relative to blood flow in vivo: serially reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells reside in distinct nonperfused niches
Authors: Ingrid G. Winkler, Valérie Barbier, Robert Wadley, Andrew C. W. Zannettino, Sharon Williams, Jean-Pierre Lévesque
Journal: Blood (2010)
The combination of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) at presentation and changes in N-terminal natriuretic peptide type B (NT-proBNP) after chemotherapy best predicts survival in AL amyloidosis
Authors: Giovanni Palladini, Alessandra Barassi, Catherine Klersy, Rosana Pacciolla, Paolo Milani, Gabriele Sarais, Stefano Perlini, Riccardo Albertini, Paola Russo, Andrea Foli, Letizia Zenone Bragotti, Laura Obici, Remigio Moratti, Gian Vico Melzi d'Eril, Giampaolo Merlini
Journal: Blood (2010)
Period and cohort factors in the incidence of malignant melanoma in the state of Connecticut.
Authors: J J Collins, N Devine
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The reasons for the increase in both incidence and mortality from malignant melanoma are not clear at this time, although there is an indication of a "generation effect" in the increasing frequency of the disease. The application of an age-period-cohort model to incidence data on malignant melanoma for the State of Connecticut indicate that, unlike mortality, the increase is almost entirely related to period factors. Two explanations are provided to explain this pattern of period factor increase. First, the increase in incidence could be artifically produced by better and earlier diagnosis. Second, a decrease in ozone level in the atmosphere may be responsible for the increase.
Is Minimally Invasive Colon Resection Better Than Traditional Approaches?
Authors: Yen-Yi Juo, Omar Hyder, Adil H. Haider, Melissa Camp, Anne Lidor, Nita Ahuja
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Minimally invasive colectomies are increasingly popular options for colon resection.To compare the perioperative outcomes and costs of robot-assisted colectomy (RC), laparoscopic colectomy (LC), and open colectomy (OC).The US Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to examine outcomes and costs before and after propensity score matching across the 3 surgical approaches. This study involved a sample of US hospital discharges from 2008 to 2010 and all patients 21 years of age or older who underwent elective colectomy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES In-hospital mortality, complications, ostomy rates, conversion to open procedure, length of stay, discharge disposition, and cost.Of the 244129 colectomies performed during the study period, 126284 (51.7%) were OCs, 116261 (47.6%) were LCs, and 1584 (0.6%) were RCs. In comparison with OC, LC was associated with a lower mortality rate (0.4% vs 2.0%), lower complication rate (19.8% vs 33.2%), lower ostomy rate (3.5 vs 13.0%), shorter median length of stay (4 vs 6 days), a higher routine discharge rate (86.1% vs 68.4%), and lower overall cost than OC ($11742 vs $13666) (all P<.05). Comparison between RC and LC showed no significant differences with respect to in-hospital mortality (0.0% vs 0.7%), complication rates (14.7% vs 18.5%), ostomy rates (3.0% vs 5.1%), conversions to open procedure (5.7% vs 9.9%), and routine discharge rates (88.7% vs 88.5%) (all P>.05). However, RC incurred a higher overall hospitalization cost than LC ($14847 vs $11966, P<.001).In this nationwide comparison of minimally invasive approaches for colon resection, LC demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes and lower cost than OC. Robot-assisted colectomy was equivalent in most clinical outcomes to LC but incurred a higher cost.
A Fifteen-Year Search for First-Stage Human Ova
Authors: Arthur T. Hertig
Journal: JAMA (1989)

If John Rock, MD, were alive today, he would be coauthor of this article. I first saw John Rock in Boston's Colonial Theater in 1929, when I was a third-year student at Harvard Medical School. Seated four rows ahead of me, he was pointed out by a proper Bostonian lady directly in front, who turned to her companion and said, "That man (indicating Dr Rock) is a prominent Harvard gynecologist but was also a famous actor as a Harvard undergraduate." The story is germane to understanding and appreciating John Rock. He was a famous gynecologist and reproductive physiologist and a consummate actor as well. In 1948, at the annual conference of obstetrics and gynecology in Los Angeles, where we were both on the program, we were christened "the ham and the egg." I first met Dr Rock personally and as a teacher when I was a fourth-year medical student "on
Isolated Postchallenge Hyperglycemia and the Risk of Fatal Cardiovascular Disease in Older Women and Men: The Rancho Bernardo Study
Authors: Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Assiamira Ferrara
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether diabetes defined by isolated postchallenge hyperglycemia (IPH) (2-h postchallenge plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/l with fasting plasma glucose [FPG] &amp;lt; 7.0 mmol/l) increases the risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older women and men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a prospective study, we followed 769 men and 1,089 women, aged 50–89 years, who had no history of diabetes or myocardial infarction and demonstrated no fasting hyperglycemia (i.e., FPG &amp;lt; 7.0 mmol/l) when they underwent oral glucose tolerance testing at baseline in 1984–1987. RESULTS At baseline, 70% of 125 women and 48% of 133 men with previously undiagnosed diabetes had IPH. Over the next 7 years, women with IPH had a significantly increased risk of fatal CVD and heart disease compared with nondiabetic women. This increased risk was not observed in men with IPH. This association was independent of age, hypertension, central obesity, cigarette smoking, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (multiply adjusted hazard ratio and 95% CI: 2.6 and 1.4–4.7 for CVD; 2.9 and 1.3–6.4 for heart disease). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes defined by IPH alone is common in older adults and more than doubles the risk of fatal CVD and heart disease in older women. Because the prevalence of IPH increases with age, the use of fasting glucose alone for diabetes screening or diagnosis may fail to identify most older adults at high risk for CVD and should be reevaluated.
Spontaneous Calcific Embolization Associated with Calcific Aortic Stenosis
Authors: KEITH E. HOLLEY, ROBERT C. BAHN, DWIGHT C. MCGOON, HAROLD T. MANKIN
Journal: Circulation (1963)

The problem of spontaneous calcific embolization was investigated at necropsy in 165 patients with calcific aortic stenosis. Minor coronary arteries contained calcific emboli in 18 patients (11 per cent), and major coronary arteries contained calcific emboli in 10 (6 per cent). Examination of the brain, kidney, and eye also disclosed spontaneous calcific emboli. In three instances of major coronary artery embolization, there was evidence of old silent infarction but no associated clinical disorder. Calcific embolization is apparently not rare in cases of calcific aortic stenosis, but this phenomenon does not appear to lead very often to extensive infarction or to clinically obvious disorders.
Seriously ill woman expecting a baby with anencephaly has waited a month to learn whether she can have an abortion
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2013)

One month after doctors filed a request, El Salvador’s Supreme Court has failed to rule on whether a woman at risk of dying because of a pregnancy can have an abortion.

The 21 year old woman, known only as Beatriz, is 20 weeks pregnant and risks dying. She has systemic lupus erythematosus, renal failure, and pre-eclampsia. The fetus has anencephaly, local media reports said, and is likely to die before it …
Diagnostic Value of Electrocardiography and Echocardiography for Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a Genotyped Adult Population
Authors: Philippe Charron, Olivier Dubourg, Michel Desnos, Richard Isnard, Albert Hagege, Alain Millaire, Lucie Carrier, Gisele Bonne, Frédérique Tesson, Pascale Richard, Jean-Brieuc Bouhour, Ketty Schwartz, Michel Komajda
Journal: Circulation (1997)

The diagnostic value of ECG and echocardiography for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) has not been reassessed since the development of molecular genetics. The aim of the study was to evaluate it in adults, with the genetic status used as the criterion of reference.Ten families with previously identified mutations were studied (9 mutations in 3 genes). ECG and echocardiography were analyzed in 155 adults, of whom 77 were genetically affected and 78 unaffected. The major diagnostic criteria were, for echocardiography, a left ventricular wall thickness > 13 mm and, for ECG, abnormal Q waves, left ventricular hypertrophy, and marked ST-T changes. Minor ECG and echographic abnormalities were also analyzed. (1) Sensitivity and specificity of major criteria were 61% and 97% for ECG and 62% and 100% for echocardiography. (2) Sensitivity but not specificity was age related (from 50% at < 30 years to 94% at > 50 years old, P < .01) and sex related (83% in men versus 57% in women, P = .01). (3) Sensitivity was improved by the addition of minor criteria and by the association of ECG and echocardiography. The negative predictive value was therefore very good (95%) at > 30 years of age. (4) Healthy carriers without any ECG or echocardiographic abnormality represented 17% of genetically affected adults.ECG and echocardiography have similar diagnostic values for FHC in adults, with an excellent specificity and a lower sensitivity. The association of the two techniques allows a better evaluation of the risk of being genetically affected in families with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Recommendations of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Nanotechnology Working Group
Authors: Denis B. Buxton, Stephen C. Lee, Samuel A. Wickline, Mauro Ferrari
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Recent rapid advances in nanotechnology and nanoscience offer a wealth of new opportunities for diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic diseases and sleep disorders. To review the challenges and opportunities offered by these nascent fields, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a Working Group on Nanotechnology. Working Group participants discussed the various aspects of nanotechnology and its applications to heart, lung, blood, and sleep (HLBS) diseases. This report summarizes their discussions according to scientific opportunities, perceived needs and barriers, specific disease examples, and recommendations on facilitating research in the field. An overarching recommendation of the Working Group was to focus on translational applications of nanotechnology to solve clinical problems. The Working Group recommended the creation of multidisciplinary research centers capable of developing applications of nanotechnology and nanoscience to HLBS research and medicine. Centers would also disseminate technology, materials, and resources and train new investigators. Individual investigators outside these centers should be encouraged to conduct research on the application of nanotechnology to biological and clinical problems. Pilot programs and developmental research are needed to attract new investigators and to stimulate creative, high-impact research. Finally, encouragement of small businesses to develop nanotechnology-based approaches to clinical problems was considered important.
Successful Pregnancy in a Diabetic Patient Treated with Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Ernest M Kioko, Kenneth M Shaw, Anthony D Clarke, David J Warren
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

In this article we describe the successful management of pregnancy and delivery in a 26-yr-old patient with advanced diabetic nephropathy and chronic renal failure. Targets for control of blood urea and hemoglobin were achieved with the aid of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Peritoneal dialysis did not interfere with normal recovery from cesarean section. With CAPD, successful pregnancy is now possible in this group of patients, among whom fetal loss would otherwise be high.
CANADIAN FISH, A SOURCE OF THE BROAD TAPEWORM OF MAN IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: TEUNIS VERGEER
Journal: JAMA (1928)

In a recent paper<sup>1</sup>the presence of plerocercoids of<i>Diphyllobothrium latum</i>was reported in the following four species of food fishes taken from Lake Superior and Portage Lake, in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan:<i>Stizostedeon canadense-griseum</i>De Kay,<i>Stizostedeon vitreum</i>Mitch.,<i>Esox lucius</i>L., and<i>Lota maculosa</i>Le Sueur. Magath<sup>2</sup>reported that he had raised<i>D. latum</i>from the plerocercoids taken from<i>Esox lucius</i>, Long Lake, Minn. Thus it has been proved that at least four species of food fishes serve as second intermediate hosts of<i>D. latum</i>. Essex<sup>3</sup>raised coracidia from eggs collected from the stools of patients and with them he experimentally infected<i>Cyclops brevispinosus, C. prasinus</i>and<i>Diaptomus oregonensis</i>, thus demonstrating that all these native species of copepods are capable of serving as first intermediate hosts. Although he did not obtain any naturally infested copepods from the waters of the region in which he
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in stage IVB mycosis fungoides
Authors: G. Di Lorenzo, R. Di Trolio, M. Delfino, S. De Placido
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Previous studies have shown that pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (LD) is effective in the treatment of relapsing or recalcitrant cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.To evaluate the activity and toxicity of LD in patients with stage IVB mycosis fungoides (MF).In this retrospective study, we evaluated outcomes and recorded adverse effects in 10 patients with MF (seven men and three women) with extracutaneous involvement. Patients were treated with LD 20 mg m(-2) administered intravenously every 4 weeks.All patients received at least two cycles of LD, three patients received four cycles and one patient received six cycles. Three patients (30%) had a partial response and two patients had stable disease. Grade 1-2 leucopenia occurred in three of the 10 patients, and grade 4 leucopenia in one. Three patients had grade 2 palmoplantar erythrodysaesthesia.This study demonstrates that LD is beneficial in terms of activity and toxicity in stage IVB MF. These observations should be verified in larger studies.
Myoglobinuria and Strenuous Exercise
Authors: W. T. Humphrey
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Myoglobinuria represents the liberation of the intracellular contents of skeletal muscle resulting in concentration of the pigment in the plasma above the renal threshold. In man the appearance of this pigmented substance in the urine is associated with blunt trauma, electrical burns, arterial occlusion, acute barbiturate overdosage, and McArdles disease or myopathy due to chronic alcoholism.<sup>1</sup>It also occurs in primary paroxysmal idiopathic myoglobinuria,<sup>1, 2</sup>in epidemic myoglobinuria ( Haff's Disease), muscular dystrophy,<sup>1</sup>and has been reported in the anterior tibial syndrome and acute polymyositis.<sup>3</sup>Cases of myoglobinuria are described in military recruits following strenuous exercise.<sup>4</sup>The present case resulted from localized muscular injury associated with severe muscular strain. An 18-year-old white man was admitted with the complaint of left upper leg pain and "red urine." His illness dated three weeks prior to admission with vague pain and weakness in the left upper
STATE STERILIZATION PROGRAMS FOR THE PROPHYLACTIC CONTROL OF MENTAL DISEASE AND MENTAL DEFICIENCY
Authors: CLARENCE J. GAMBLE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

1. Selective sterilization as a prophylactic measure for the prevention of mental defect has been employed in varying degree in various states. 2. Though the ratio of total sterilization to the estimated population is not a wholly satisfactory basis for comparison of the completeness of this program, it is the best available. 3. Delaware has made the most extensive use of selective sterilization with 238 tubectomies per 100,000 inhabitants, followed by California, Virginia, Kansas and Oregon. 4. In the years 1939 to 1943 inclusive, Virginia has been the most active, with 10.4 sterilizations per 100,000 per year, followed by California, Kansas, Delaware and North Dakota. 5. In 1943 the most active program was in Utah, with 12.1 tubectomies per 100,000 of population, with Virginia, North Dakota, Delaware, Nebraska and California following. 6. An important bar to a more extensive use of this form of prophylaxis is the public's lack of understanding of the differences between castration and sterilization.