tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MRFIT After 10.5 Years
Authors: Terry K. Rosborough, Cynthia H. Bank, Michael K. Cummings, Paul P. Phillips, Claus A. Pierach
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the recent article about late results in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT).<sup>1</sup>We are puzzled by the optimistic conclusions. The authors claim that the data "suggest" a mortality benefit in middle-aged men over a period of about 10 years. This is not supported by their statistics. Even using less stringent one-tailed statistics, the<i>P</i>values for deaths from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all causes for the entire 10.5 years were .10 or greater for the differences between the special intervention and the usual care groups. Only for deaths occurring in the years after the trial had ended is there a statistically significant difference in all deaths (but not in deaths from coronary heart disease). We wonder to what extent a comparison of these two groups after the trial has ended is justified, since little information on the behavior of
SECTION ON DISEASES OF CHILDREN.
Authors: John H. Pope
Journal: JAMA (1885)

<h3>Dr. N. S. Davis, Editor Jour. Am. Med. Asso., Chicago, Ill.:</h3><h3>Dear Sir</h3> —Will you, through the columns of theJournal, please request those who intend reading papers before the "Section on the Diseases of Children" to be kind enough to send the title of their papers, by the last week in March, to the Secretary of the Section, Dr. S. S. Adams, Washington, D. C., or to me, at Marshall, Texas. It is necessary to know the titles of the several papers to be presented, so that the committee of arrangements may be informed at least one month before the meeting of the Association, the last Tuesday in April, and we trust that no one will fail to notify us in due time. Very respectfully, Ch'm'n Sec. on Dis. Child., Am. Med. Ass.
Structural adjustment and health
Authors: A. M Wakhweya
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Consider the consequences for the least empowered

Copenhagen's world summit for social development has come and gone,1 but women and children continue to bear the brunt of socioeconomic adjustment and consequent ill health. Their burden is particularly poignant in sub-Saharan Africa, where indicators such as female literacy, maternal mortality, infant mortality, mortality among under 5s, and immunisation rates continue to stagnate or deteriorate.2 In Copenhagen some of the world's most powerful leaders discussed the social problems that afflict every country, “especially poverty, unemployment and social exclusion.”3 4 Their declaration to target the causes of poverty, however, are unlikely to focus on the structural and institutional causes of poverty.5 6 7

How can one impress on Africa's policymakers and the Western powers that encourage them that the money spent on arms would be better spent on educating women and providing basic health care? How can one impress on Africa's policymakers that it is their responsibility to encourage the preservation of family structures and to take measures to avoid conflict in the home and the community, thereby making life for our children, who are tomorrow's adults, more stable?

Throughout history, African women have stoically dealt with socioeconomic adjustment, struggling to ensure that as many of their offspring as possible survive their early years. But the cumulative impact of their struggle will probably result only in beleaguered survivors who, before the age of 5, are already in debt to the World Bank. Each year of their lives they unknowingly accumulate a larger debt, without hope of ever paying it off.8

Socioeconomic adjustment at the microlevel …
417. Meganuclease-Mediated Chromosomal Surgery in Living Animals
Authors: Agnes Gouble, Julianne Smith, Christophe Perez, Valerie Guyot, Jean-Pierre Cabaniols, Sophie Leduc, Laurence Fiette, Patrick Ave, Beatrice Micheaux, Philippe Duchateau, Frederic Paques
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Targeted somatic DNA recombination in living animals is at the basis of a new approach in molecular medicine. The last decade has seen the emergence of a new class of DNA engineering tools: the meganucleases. These sequence specific endonucleases with large recognition sites can cleave DNA in living cells and stimulate homologous recombination up to 10,000-fold. The recent development of artificial meganucleases with chosen specificities has provided the potential to target any chromosomal locus. Thus, meganucleases may represent a universal genome surgery tool, with significant potential in therapy. However, in toto applications depend on the ability to target somatic tissues as well as the proficiency of somatic cells to perform DSB-induced homologous recombination (DSBR).
Naked Mole Rat Genome
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Polymorphisms in <i>RET</i> and Its Coreceptors and Ligands as Genetic Modifiers of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A
Authors: Fabienne Lesueur, Arancha Cebrian, Mercedes Robledo, Patricia Niccoli-Sire, Karl-Axel Svensson, Stephane Pinson, Jean Leyland, Joanne Whittaker, Paul D. Pharoah, Bruce A.J. Ponder
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Germ line missense mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are responsible for the inherited cancer syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). The clinical presentation of the disease and the age at onset varies even within families, where patients carry the same mutation. These variations in phenotypes suggest a role for genetic modifiers, and recently, it has been reported that polymorphisms within RET (G691S/S904S) may have such a modifier effect on the age at onset. Here, we investigate whether this observed association could be confirmed in a larger set of 384 individuals from MEN2 families from four different European populations. In addition, we tested as modifiers four other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which we have found in a previous association study of RET, its coreceptors, and ligands to be associated with the risk of developing sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. We could not replicate the association between G691S/S904S and modifier effects in MEN2A families in any of the four European families analyzed. Of the other SNPs tested, only RET A432A showed a positive weak effect on tumor spectrum within MEN2A, which requires replication in a larger series. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(2): 1177-80)
PSRO: An Educational Force for Improving Quality of Care
Authors: William F. Jessee, William B. Munier, Jonathan E. Fielding, Michael J. Goran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The major purpose of the PSRO program is to improve the quality of medical care. Peer review is expected not only to detect problems but to analyze causes, and to develop, implement, and evaluate corrective programs. Such peer-review efforts are in themselves educational. In addition, educational programs focusing on identified deficiencies must be organihe educational efforts of local health facilities and organizations of all types is urged. Although PSRO's will not specifically underwrite continuing health-care education, they should provide a community-wide means for integrating patient-care review with continuing medical education.
Telomerase expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia predicts survival and delineates subgroups of patients with the same igVH mutation status and different outcome
Authors: L Terrin, L Trentin, M Degan, I Corradini, R Bertorelle, P Carli, N Maschio, M D Bo, F Noventa, V Gattei, G Semenzato, A De Rossi
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Incidence of metal sensitivity in patients with total joint replacements.
Authors: M W Elves, J N Wilson, J T Scales, H B Kemp
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Sensitivity to chromium, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, and titanium was studied by patch tests in 50 patients who had received total joint replacements. Nineteen (38%) were sensitive to one or more of the metals. In 23 patients non-traumatic failure of the prosthesis had occurred, and 15 of these patients were sensitive to metal. Out of 27 patients with no evidence of prosthesis loosening, four were sensitive to nickel and cobalt or nickel only. Dermatological reactions occurred in 13 patients after surgery; in only eight, however, was there evidence of metal sensitivity. These findings indicate that metal-on-metal total joint replacements may sensitise the patient to metals contained in the prosthesis. Although there is a high incidence of prosthesis failure among metal-sensitive patients it remains uncertain whether the loosening causes the sensitisation or vice versa.
India's health ministry inspects airports for Ebola preparedness
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Indian health minister, Jagat Prakash Nadda, has formed a committee with officials from the ministries of health, civil aviation, and immigration to check that all airports in the country are adhering to guidelines on quarantining people with suspected Ebola virus disease. The committee will report to the government in a week. 

A statement from the government said that Nadda emphasised …
THE PROBLEM OF TEACHING PSYCHOLOGICAL ATTITUDES TO MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: ELEANOR A. STEELE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

In this paper, a descriptive and verbatim report has been offered of methods employed and results obtained in the teaching of dynamic psychological concepts to medical students. In the preparation of autobiographical illustrations of personal conflict and the mechanisms of defense, a large majority of students in the Sophomore classes have accurately demonstrated a degree of understanding of these mechanisms in themselves or in others. In class discussions and in examinations dealing with case applications, they have shown similar ability to think in dynamic terms. In a voluntary anonymous questionnaire dealing with the attitudes of students toward the autobiographical application of the mechanisms of defense, a majority of students (over 75%) endorsed this part of the teaching program. The one emphasis of major importance in the program is the value of reducing the student's prejudice and of showing him that psychological illness is as naturally understandable, acceptable, and as common to man as is physical illness. In an effort to bring the normal and abnormal into greater approximation, the introspective exercises described and the application of dynamic concepts to himself and to others have proved a valuable aid to the student in increasing his understanding of the ways of adjustment. These dynamic methods were successfully used in one aim of psychiatric education: "to change the student's inner self and, through this change, to enable him to do better work with his patients." They also served to aid the student in his understanding of the relationship between psychiatry and medicine.
1112-147 Echocardiographic manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome at rest and with dobutamine: A guide to effective medical management
Authors: Antonio Q Chan, Marietta Abalos Galito, Estrellita Recaro Lua, Noel Antonio, Michael Philip Chan, Rosalinda Mandreza, Peter Oliver Chan, Zhuo Wen Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Asthma pharmacotherapy and utilization by children in 3 managed care organizations
Authors: James G. Donahue, Anne L. Fuhlbrigge, Jonathan A. Finkelstein, Joanne Fagan, James M. Livingston, Paula Lozano, Richard Platt, Scott T. Weiss, Kevin B. Weiss
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
"Normal-pressure" hydrocephalus. Relationship of clinical and radiographic findings to improvement following shunt surgery
Authors: L. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Analysis of 25 patients who fulfilled clinical and radiographic criteria for the diagnosis of "normal pressure" hydrocephalus (NPH) demonstrated (1) a significant relationship between presence of motor signs with good outcome and absence of motor signs with poor outcome following ventricular shunting, (2) symptoms and signs of parkinsonism in 40% of patients in whom the diagnosis of NPH was made, and (3) no reliable relationship between radiographic measurements or cisternogram appearance and outcome following shunting. The clinical picture is the most important factor in selection of NPH patients for surgery.
Mechanical modulation of stretch-induced premature ventricular beats: induction of a mechanoelectric adaptation period
Authors: D Dick
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Mechanoelectric Feedback, a mechanical intervention inducing an electrical change, is gaining credence as a cause of cardiac arrhythmia in the clinical situation. However, the precise mechanism is unknown. To elucidate this we investigated mechanical and chemical modulation of stretch-induced premature ventricular beats.We positioned a balloon in the left ventricle of an isolated heart (New Zealand White rabbit), perfused by the Langendorff technique. Balloon inflation regularly produces premature ventricular beats. Monophasic action potentials, ECG's and pressure recordings monitored changes, during mechanical intervention. The hearts were subjected to (i) variations in the degree of preload and duration of inflation, and (ii) cytoskeletal disrupters, colchicine and cytochalasin-B.Mechanical dilation of the left ventricle can not only induce premature ventricular beats, but also induce a period during which premature beats cannot be re-induced on a subsequent inflation, i.e. a mechanoelectric adaptation period. The trigger for the mechanoelectric adaptation period seems to occur immediately on balloon inflation and required up to 60 s to recover. This period started with an undershoot in the diastolic component of the monophasic action potential as well as in the peak systolic pressure, with return to control levels within the period. Deflation produced an overshoot (rather than undershoot) in the monophasic action potential duration, but this also returned to control levels within the period. Changes in preload, duration of inflation and disruption of the cytoskeleton failed to modulate the mechanically induced premature beats, or the mechanoelectric adaptation period.Transient ventricular stretch produces arrhythmia, followed by an antiarrhythmic adaptive period. Possible mechanisms are related to a mechanical influence on stretch-activated channels, changes in ionic concentration or diffusion, or second messenger systems, which influence membrane potential. The arrhythmic adaptation does not appear to be related to the mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton. Final elucidation of the mechanism of the mechanoelectric adaptation period demonstrated, may prove important in determining the mechanism of stretch-induced premature ventricular beats and consequently arrhythmia management.
Iron Fortification of Wheat Flour
Authors: C. E. BUTTERWORTH
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The commentary of Dr. Crosby concerning iron fortification of flour (228:1651-1652, 1974) neither calls for nor merits a point-by-point response from proponents of the proposed Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation. It speaks for itself. Those readers who are familiar with the topic will recognize that his comment contains no new arguments, although the language has grown (indefensibly) more abusive. Readers who encounter this debate for the first time should notice how logic tends to be lost in the heat of passion. It does seem appropriate, however, to make a few general comments. This is an important and serious issue; it is perhaps only a small indication of problems that could lie ahead in the event of a nationwide disaster or food shortage. The opponents of iron fortification have made their opposition emphatically clear and a matter of public record over the past four years. However, their
HEREDITY AND ITS ENVIRONMENTS.
Authors: J. E. RIGG
Journal: JAMA (1895)

When a child is born we may well ask what heritage it brings, from whence did it come, and what influences in the history of its ancestors would modify its condition to resist the evil influences which will surround it through life? The late Dr. Holmes said, "that if we would properly educate a child we must begin 300 years before its birth." If this be true with reference to education, is it not much more true with reference to a healthy and perfect organism being given to the child, that it may be the better able to resist diseased influences and unhealthy surroundings. The most important predisposing causes of disease are those connected with the structure of the body, having individual peculiarities, which may be inherited or may be congenital. In most of the so-called hereditary diseases, that which is transmitted from parent to child is not the disease
Ankyrin–1 mutations are a major cause of dominant and recessive hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Stefan W. Eber, Jennifer M. Gonzalez, Marcia L. Lux, Alphonse L. Scarpa, William T. Tse, Marion Dornwell, Jutta Herbers, Wilfried Kugler, Refik Ozcan, Arnulf Pekrun, Patrick G. Gallagher, Werner Schroter, Bernard G. Forget, Samuel E. Lux
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Severe Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by contrast medium iopentol (ImagopaqueR)
Authors: E. Laffitte, M. Nenadov Beck, M. Hofer, D. Hohl, R.G. Panizzon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Severe Stevens–Johnson syndrome induced by contrast medium iopentol (Imagopaque®) Get access E. Laffitte, E. Laffitte Departments of Dermatology, Paediatric Oncology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Nenadov Beck, M. Nenadov Beck Departments of Dermatology, Paediatric Oncology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Hofer, M. Hofer Paediatric Immunoallergology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, CH‐1011 Lausanne, Switzerland E‐mail: emmanuel.laffitte@hospvd.ch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Hohl, D. Hohl Departments of Dermatology, Paediatric Oncology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.G. Panizzon R.G. Panizzon Departments of Dermatology, Paediatric Oncology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 2, 1 February 2004, Pages 376–378, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05763.x Published: 01 February 2004
SURVEY OF THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF ELECTRIC SHOCK TREATMENT IN A LARGE PRIVATE HOSPITAL
Authors: FEIGA GROSS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

This paper reports the summary of 2 years' use of electroshock treatment with the Reiter electro-stimulator at the Brattleboro Retreat, where electric shock had not previously been used. Number of patients treated was 249, of whom 161 or 65% were discharged. Of the total, only 23 or 6% were unimproved, but 88 of those treated are still in the hospital. As reported elsewhere there was a marked decrease in the percentage of recoveries when duration of illness was longer than one year.
Differential interactions of heparin and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans with the selectins. Implications for the use of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins as therapeutic agents.
Authors: A Koenig, K Norgard-Sumnicht, R Linhardt, A Varki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The selectins are calcium-dependent C-type lectins that bind certain sialylated, fucosylated, sulfated glycoprotein ligands. L-selectin also recognizes endothelial proteoglycans in a calcium-dependent manner, via heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan chains enriched in unsubstituted glucosamine units. We now show that these HS chains can also bind P-selectin, but not E-selectin. However, while L-selectin binding requires micromolar levels of free calcium, P-selectin recognition is largely divalent cation-independent. Despite this, HS chains bound to P-selectin are eluted by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), but only at high concentrations. Porcine intestinal mucosal (mast cell-derived) heparin (PIM-heparin) shows similar properties, with no binding to E-selectin, calcium-dependent binding of a subfraction to L-selectin and to P-selectin, and calcium-independent binding of a larger fraction to P-selectin, the latter being disrupted by high EDTA concentrations. Analysis of defined heparin fragment pools shows a size dependence for interaction, with tetradecasaccharides showing easily detectable binding to L- and P-selectin affinity columns. L-selectin binding fragments include more heavily sulfated and epimerized regions and, as with the endothelial HS chains, they are enriched in free amino groups. The P-selectin binding component includes this fraction as well as some less highly modified regions. Thus, endothelium-derived HS chains and mast cell-derived heparins could play a role in modulating the biology of selectins in vivo. Notably, P- and L-selectin binding to sialyl-Lewisx and to HL-60 cells (which are known to carry the native ligand PSGL-1) is inhibited by unfractionated pharmaceutical heparin preparations at concentrations 12-50-fold lower than those recommended for effective anticoagulation in vivo. In contrast, two low molecular weight heparins currently considered as clinical replacements for unfractionated heparin are much poorer inhibitors. Thus, patients undergoing heparin therapy for other reasons may be experiencing clinically significant inhibition of L- and P-selectin function, and the current switchover to low-molecular weight heparins may come at some loss of this effect. Low-dose unfractionated heparin should be investigated as a treatment option for acute and chronic diseases in which P- and L-selectin play pathological roles.
I Know You'll Do Your Best
Authors: Barry H. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The frail hand reached out to mine and I held it gently. "Thank you, Doctor. I know you'll do your best," she said. She was 80 years old and her husband was 83. I had just finished discussing with her and her daughter the fact that her spouse of 60 years was having a major hemorrhage from his gastrointestinal tract. We were moving him to the intensive care unit, but if we couldn't control the bleeding and surgery was needed, I had to explain to them that the risks would be great. "Thank you, Doctor. I know you'll do your best," she said. I probably wouldn't have given that moment much thought except for the fact that the night before my son had talked to me about his tenth-grade English paper. His assignment was to "describe the day of a professional," the "likes and dislikes" of the job, what was