tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Next-Generation DNA Sequencing, Regulation, and the Limits of Paternalism
Authors: James P. Evans, Jonathan S. Berg
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HOW A SEED SUPPLEMENTED CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Lewis B. Allyn
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It was observed that certain students in a high school in one of the larger cities frequently acted in an abnormal manner. They were erratic in their behavior. Periods of extreme activity were followed by lassitude and drowsiness. The pupils of the eyes were dilated. Their conversation was irrational and frequently boastful. The police investigated and found no evidence of alcoholism. The matter was turned over to the narcotic squad. Three of the students ultimately confessed that they often smoked cigarets for each of which they paid 20 cents. A mild third degree elicited the names of the venders. Two men, one colored, were subsequently arrested. A number of cigarets and a quantity of a coarse greenish vegetable substance were found in their possession. Both the cigarets and the coarse powder were sent to these laboratories for examination. The powder consisted of coarsely broken greenish vegetable matter
URIC ACID AND THE SERIOUS RESULTS WHEN NOT ELIMINATED.
Authors: M. S. MARCY
Journal: JAMA (1900)

It is well that physicians are human, and subject to all the ills and pains that other mortals have to endure, in life. Pain not only excites our sympathy, but makes all nature akin. Were this not true, this subject as well as many others might have received but slight attention from the medical profession for years yet to come. When a medical man or his own family are suffering with some mysterious disease, he will give the subject his closest attention and continue to investigate until his efforts are rewarded by success. Alexander Haig, London, to whom we are indebted for an investigation of the subject of this paper, states that he was a sufferer from migraine, and not until the year 1882, after years of suffering and investigation, did he succeed in finding relief. Through his experience and his publishing of "Uric Acid as a Factor in the
GP succeeds in overturning advertising watchdog's "gag" policy
Authors: H. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A Glasgow GP who complained about the accuracy of a medical screening advertisement has overturned a policy of the UK advertising watchdog to keep the details of some of its cases confidential.

Margaret McCartney, who writes for the BMJ , has lodged a number of complaints with the Advertising Standards Authority since August 2011 about advertisements in newspapers and direct mail from Life Line Screening, a for-profit international company that since its inception in 1993 has screened over seven million people in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the United States with ultrasonography and electrocardiography.

The advertisements claimed that ultrasonography of the carotid arteries was “your quick and easy way to help prevent a stroke.” McCartney was concerned by the “dangerously misleading” claims that screening could “prevent” a stroke and offer “peace of mind.” 

David Nicoll, a consultant neurologist in Birmingham, also complained …
Blue-collar normative spirometric values for Caucasian and African-American men and women aged 18 to 65.
Authors: H W Glindmeyer, J J Lefante, C McColloster, R N Jones, H Weill
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Normative spirometric values were derived from 5,042 white (of mainly European ancestry) and black (of mainly African ancestry) men and women paper plant workers who are never-smokers, with no respiratory symptoms or diagnoses and no history of occupational exposure to fibrogenic dusts or irritant chemicals. This cohort was selected from a much larger population under long-term respiratory surveillance (n > 50,000 at 50 plants). Standardized equipment, procedures, and data reduction methods complied with ATS recommendations. Data were collected by the medical departments of the participating companies as part of their routine health surveillance, and the graphic and numeric test results were transmitted to the Tulane University Section of Environmental Medicine for centralized quality assurance, interpretation, and archiving. The large numbers allow derivation of gender- and race-specific reference values. Lower limits of normal were derived and depend upon residual variation and any changes in variation with age. The results indicate that polynomial regression equations provide a significantly better fit than linear regressions with breakpoints. In addition to being more biologically plausible, the polynomial model more closely matches observed longitudinal changes in lung function with age. The age range of the cohort, 18 to 65, provides a regression that more closely matches the observed values in this range, because it does not include "supernormal" elderly survivors, which can lessen the slope of the regression and artifactually increase the predicted values of 50 to 65 yr olds. The regression equations derived for black men and women do not support the use of a single race adjustment (0.85 or 0.88) for all age, sex, height, and spirometric test parameter combinations. These race- and gender-specific regression equations, with their respective lower limits of normal, should improve the detection and quantification of adverse health effects in working individuals and populations.
Anticonvulsants and DDT Residues
Authors: Donald S. Kwalick
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Davies et al<sup>1</sup>reported differences in DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis[<i>p</i>-chlorophenyl]ethylene) (the principal metabolite of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-<i>p</i>,-chloro-phenyl ethane]) blood levels between patients receiving anticonvulsants (diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital) and patients and controls not receiving these medications. Their study dealt with individuals who were not exposed to high levels of DDT in their environment, and was discussed in a recent issue of<i>The Journal</i>.<sup>2</sup>Schoor<sup>3</sup>reported on a farmer with epilepsy who had been taking phenobarbital for 20 years and a combination of phenobarbital (21 mg four times a day) and diphenylhydantoin (90 mg four times a day) for the past four years. He came from an area of high pesticide usage, but his serum levels of several organochlorine pesticides were much less than the mean levels of untreated farmers from the area. Recently, we observed that a 42-year-old,
The force of truth
Authors: A Váradi
Journal: BMJ (2006)

laboratory capacity, can improve outcomes by providing treatment support to encourage optimal adherence and thus minimise the development of drug resistance.Over time, laboratory capacity should be improved, and more laboratory dependent monitoring strategies implemented as feasible technologies become available.Operational and clinical research are essential to guide the formulation of evidence based algorithms for HIV treatment in resource limited settings.In the meantime, we must not allow the perfect to be the enemy of the good.Further delays in scale-up will mean more deaths and ongoing transmission; tuberculosis, the leading opportunistic infection, will also become more difficult to control.The opportunity to make long awaited treatment available to people infected with HIV cannot be missed.
Treatment massive haemoptysis in cystic fibrosis with tranexamic acid
Authors: Matthew Hurley, Jayesh Bhatt, Alan Smyth
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2011)

We present the case of a young man with cystic fibrosis (CF) who presented with a massive haemoptysis. All management options were considered and treatment with tranexamic acid was commenced. We discuss the treatment options for patients with CF presenting with massive haemoptysis and the underlying evidence base.
Lymphoid neogenesis and immune infiltration in aged liver
Authors: Pallavi Singh, Zeynep Z. Coskun, Catriona Goode, Adam Dean, LuAnn Thompson-Snipes, Gretchen Darlington
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Immune dysregulation and inflammation play a major role in the pathology of age-related disorders. In an earlier study, the microarray data from our laboratory indicated an increase in inflammation-related gene expression in the liver with age. We further investigated immune-related changes in the aged liver and found that the levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory genes were higher in aged animals. Immunohistochemical studies showed that immune cells formed clusters or foci in the livers of old mice, preferentially near the perivascular regions. Further analysis revealed an enrichment of macrophages, T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and neutrophils in old liver. Characterization of the immune clusters showed the presence of shared markers of tertiary lymphoid neogenesis. Levels of lymph node homing cytokines were elevated. Expression of immunoglobulin and recombinase gene transcripts was also higher, indicating the presence of ectopic lymphoid structures in the aged liver. Conclusion: Aged liver exhibits a marked inflammatory status accompanied by increased immune cell infiltration. Inflammation and ectopic lymphoid structures have previously been shown to be associated with carcinogenesis, a condition that becomes more prevalent with age. Thus, further study of inflammation-related changes in the microenvironment of the aged liver could provide insights into these disorders.
IMPAIRED ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND INCREASED ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Nikolaos Gouliopoulos, Gerasimos Siasos, Marilita M. Moschos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Evangelos Oikonomou, Stathis Dimitropoulos, Christina Kollia, Georgia Siasou, Dimitris Athanasiou, Thodoris Paraskevopoulos, Panagiotis Tourikis, Nikolaos Tentolouris, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Inhibition of Plasmodium yoelii blood-stage malaria by interferon α through the inhibition of the production of its target cell, the reticulocyte
Authors: Ana Margarida Vigário, Elodie Belnoue, Ana Cumano, Myriam Marussig, François Miltgen, Irene Landau, Dominique Mazier, Ion Gresser, Laurent Rénia
Journal: Blood (2001)
Anti-DNA antibodies form immune deposits at distinct glomerular and vascular sites
Authors: Demetrios V. Vlahakos, Mary H. Foster, Sharlene Adams, Michael Katz, Angelo A. Ucci, Kathleen J. Barrett, Syamal K. Datta, Michael P. Madaio
Journal: Kidney International (1992)

To investigate the capacity of lupus autoAb to produce glomerular immune deposits (ID) and nephritis, 24 murine monoclonal (m) anti-DNA antibodies (Ab), derived from either MRL-lpr/lpr, SNF1 or NZB lupus-prone mice and selected based on properties shared with nephritogenic Ig, were administered i.p. (as hybridomas) and i.v. (as purified Ig) to normal mice; at least four mice/mAb were evaluated. Three general patterns of immune deposit formation (IDF) were observed: extracellular ID within glomeruli (+/- blood vessels, N = 8); intranuclear ID (N = 5); or minimal or no ID (N = 11). The four MRL m anti-DNA Ab that produced significant extracellular ID demonstrated different disease profiles including: (a) mesangial and subendothelial ID with anti-basement membrane staining, associated with proliferative glomerulonephritis, PMN infiltration, and proteinuria; (b) diffuse fine granular mesangial and extraglomerular vascular ID, associated with proliferative glomerulonephritis and proteinuria; (c) dense intramembranous ID and intraluminal ID, associated with capillary wall thickening, mesangial interposition and expansion, aneurysmal dilatation and intraluminal occlusion of glomerular capillary loops, and heavy proteinuria; and (d) mesangial and extraglomerular vascular ID, associated with mild segmental mesangial expansion, without proteinuria. These MRL mAb were derived from four different mice, and they had variable pIs and isotypes. They all cross reacted with multiple autoantigens (autoAg), however, their autoAg binding profiles were distinguishable. Among the SNF1 derived mAb, four produced histologically and clinically indistinguishable disease characterized by diffuse mesangial and capillary wall ID, associated with cellular proliferation/infiltration and proteinuria. Three of the four mAb were derived from the same mouse and were clonally related; they were: IgG2b with SWR allotype, relatively cationic, highly cross reactive with similar Ag binding patterns, idiotypically related and encoded by identical VH and nearly identical VL sequences. We conclude that both the capacity of lupus autoAb to form ID and the location of IDF are dependent on properties unique to individual Ig. The results also indicate that the Ag binding region of the autoAb is influential in this process, and they suggest that multiple Ab-Ag interactions contribute to IDF in individuals with lupus nephritis. Furthermore, these observations raise the possibility that the pathologic and clinical abnormalities resulting from these interactions are influenced by the location of IDF, and that the dominant interaction, in a given individual, may be highly influential in the phenotypic expression of nephritis.
151. Treatment of Experimental Schwannomas with HSV Recombinant and Amplicon Vectors
Authors: Shilpa Prabhakar, Shanta Messerli, Samuel Rabkin, Robert Martuza, Xandra O. Breakefield
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Although usually benign and focal, schwannomas associated with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) can severely compromise neural function leading to paralysis, deafness and death through compression of critical nerves. Our previous studies have shown that schwannoma cells are highly infectable with HSV-1 vectors. In the present studies we explored use of both the oncolytic HSV-1 vector, G47delta, and an HSV-1 amplicon vector expressing caspase- 1 under a P0 Schwann cell-specific promoter to treat experimental tumors. The immortalized human schwannoma line, HEI193 (House Ear Institute, Hung et al., 2002) was implanted subcutaneously into nude mice and formed slow growing tumors. Tumors (400–600 mm3) were injected with the G47delta vector (deleted for gamma 34.5, ribonucleotide reductase (ICP6) and ICP47) twice on baseline day 0 and 5 with 2 × 107 pfu/injection. Tumors volumes were reduced by 64.33% +/-15.6% over the following period of 18 days. Long term studies are underway to determine if tumor growth recurs. To reduce the potential of any damage to nerves through replication of vectors in associated schwannoma, we have also genereated an amplicon vector in which a fusion protein consisting of the apoptotic protein, caspase-1 and LacZ (Friedlander et al., 1997) is placed under the P0 Schwann cell promoter (Brown and Lemke, 1997). Infection of schwannoma, neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells in culture with helper virus-free amplicon vectors revealed LacZ expression only in schwannoma cells with their consequent death. Injections of this amplicon vector are now being tested for therapeutic effect in this experimental schwannoma model. Both these HSV vector treatment regimes offer the chance to reduce the size of schwannoma tumors, which in itself would be therapeutic, without causing damage to neurons.
Characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B in France: Predominant frequency of HBe antigen negative cases
Authors: Jean-Pierre Zarski, Patrick Marcellin, Vincent Leroy, Christian Trepo, Didier Samuel, Nathalie Ganne-Carrie, Karl Barange, Valérie Canva, Michel Doffoel, Paul Cales
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
University Group Diabetes Program
Authors: Leon S. Smelo
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a minor participant in the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP), I think that the compelling reason for the study apparently has been lost (1) in the controversy over the validity of the reported finding of increased cardiovascular deaths in patients receiving tolbutamide, and (2) in the criticism of the Food and Drug Administration's bulletin to physicians with respect to its recommendations concerning the use of orally administered hypoglycemic agents. The Program was undertaken to evaluate prospectively the influence of treatment upon the development of complications in adult-onset diabetics. This basic question, so vital to the day-to-day care of diabetic patients, has not been answered to date by the Program. Both patients and their attending physicians are entitled to an answer; hence, this letter. Currently the Executive Committee of the UGDP is in process of preparation of a request to the National Institutes of Health to continue
Clinical Pharmacology of 3'-Azido-2',3'-Dideoxythymidine (Zidovudine) and Related Dideoxynucleosides
Authors: John A. Oates, Alastair J.J. Wood, Robert Yarchoan, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Charles E. Myers, Samuel Broder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

THE development of a rational therapy against the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)1 2 3 was made possible by the discovery that a cytopathic retrovirus, now called the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), caused the disorder.4 5 6 This discovery and the ability to grow the virus in large quantities made possible the development of in vitro techniques to find drugs that inhibit the replication of HIV.7 , 8 Substances that acted against HIV in vitro were identified for further study, and the practical development of drugs thus proceeded. The work was in part an outgrowth of early research on animal retroviral systems in . . .
Dissociation between liver inflammation and hepatocellular damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in myeloid cell-specific signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 gene knockout mice
Authors: Norio Horiguchi, Fouad Lafdil, Andrew M. Miller, Ogyi Park, Hua Wang, Mohanraj Rajesh, Partha Mukhopadhyay, Xin Yuan Fu, Pal Pacher, Bin Gao
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Liver injury is associated with inflammation, which is generally believed to accelerate the progression of liver diseases; however, clinical data show that inflammation does not always correlate with hepatocelluar damage in some patients. Investigating the cellular mechanisms underlying these events using an experimental animal model, we show that inflammation may attenuate liver necrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in myeloid-specific signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) knockout mice. As an important anti-inflammatory signal, conditional deletion of STAT3 in myeloid cells results in markedly enhanced liver inflammation after CCl4 injection. However, these effects are also accompanied by reduced liver necrosis, correlating with elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepatic STAT3 activation. An additional deletion of STAT3 in hepatocytes in myeloid-specific STAT3 knockout mice restored hepatic necrosis but decreased liver inflammation. Conclusion: Inflammation-mediated STAT3 activation attenuates hepatocellular injury induced by CCl4 in myeloid-specific STAT3 knockout mice, suggesting that inflammation associated with a predominance of hepatoprotective cytokines that activate hepatic STAT3 may reduce rather than accelerate hepatocellular damage in patients with chronic liver diseases. Hepatology 2010
Reverse Crescent Patternʼ on SPECT Brain Perfusion Scan in Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: None HIROSHITOYAMA, MASANORI ICHISE, BERNARD I. SCHACTER, JOEL C. KIRSH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A SPECT brain perfusion scan was performed on a patient who had symptoms of dementia. The SPECT scan showed marked crescentic medial displacement of the left cerebral hemisphere ("reverse crescent pattern"), and mildly decreased cortical perfusion in the affected hemisphere. Crossed cerebellar diaschisis was not present. On x-ray CT, the underlying abnormality was found to be a unilateral chronic subdural hematoma causing a significant mass effect. A reverse crescent pattern without crossed cerebellar diaschisis on SPECT brain perfusion scan in patients with dementia may suggest the diagnosis of chronic subdural hematoma.
The Death of Dr. Stinson at San Francisco.
Authors: Denslow Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Chicago, April 24, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Dr. Stinson who was one of the first victims of the San Francisco horror was the author of the automobile article in your last issue. At the time I addressed the San Francisco County Medical Society last July I was the recipient of exceptional courtesy at his hands. An hour after my arrival he was at my hotel with the car he describes and his experienced chauffeur. He insisted that I make use of his car during the few days I was in San Francisco as if it were my own. He asserted kindly and positively that he needed exercise and would walk. Many members of the American Medical Association who were visiting San Francisco directly after the Portland session will now recall, with a saddened interest, the delightful excursions to the Presidio and Golden Gate Park which Dr. Stinson's extreme courtesy
Health checks for middle aged may be waste of time, study finds
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The NHS Health Checks programme for middle aged people does not boost case finding of cardiovascular disease and other chronic conditions above an opportunistic approach, research published in the British Journal of General Practice has found.1

The Department of Health in England introduced NHS Health Checks in April 2009, and the NHS Choices website promotes the checks.2 Offered in general practice to people aged 40 to 74 years, they aim to identify patients with undiagnosed chronic diseases such …