tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Manifestations of Salmonellosis in Man
Authors: Ivan Saphra, Joseph W. Winter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE correlation of the numerous salmonella types with the clinical data on the infections that they cause is as important to the clinician as it is to the epidemiologist. The knowledge that certain types produce a particular clinical syndrome (typhoidal, septicemic, focal, gastroenteric or carrier condition) more frequently than other types will help the clinician in his diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. The correlation of certain salmonella types with particular outbreaks will aid the epidemiologist in breaking chains of transmission and in preventing further spread.There is a wealth of literature on the clinical aspects of infections with Salmonella typhi and . . .
Parenteral Fat Emulsions and Immune Adherence
Authors: Israel Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Parenteral fat emulsions may not only exert nutritional effects but may also affect immune adherence phenomena and red cell morphology. Red cell immune adherence (RCIA) was augmented in vitro by 0.05% to 0.1% Intralipid. Similar augmentation of RCIA was observed by peanut oil, corn oil, half-and-half cream, paraffin oil, and human low-density lipoprotein fractions. Neutrophil immune adherence was augmented in vitro by 0.2% to 1.5% of Intralipid. The effects of fat emulsions in vivo were studied in ten patients who received Intralipid for nutritional purposes. Red cell immune adherence was augmented in five of ten patients and inhibited in four of ten patients. Neutrophil immune adherence was augmented in two of ten patients. Cytotoxic red cell transformations were evident in five of ten patients. Depression of RCIA in four of five patients was associated with cytotoxic red cell transformations. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:1574-1579)
Pitavastatin Downregulates Expression of the Macrophage Type B Scavenger Receptor, CD36
Authors: Jihong Han, Xiaoye Zhou, Toru Yokoyama, David P. Hajjar, Antonio M. Gotto, Andrew C. Nicholson
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Pitavastatin (NK-104) is a novel inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis. In clinical trials, pitavastatin has been shown to significantly decrease serum LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increase HDL cholesterol. Scavenger receptor-mediated accumulation of oxidized LDL (OxLDL)-derived cholesteryl ester is considered to be a critical step in the development of atherosclerotic foam cell formation. We studied the effect of pitavastatin on CD36 (a class B scavenger receptor) expression by murine macrophages.Treatment of J774 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages with pitavastatin decreased CD36 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Decreased CD36 mRNA was associated with decreased CD36 cell surface protein expression in human THP-1 cells and human monocyte-derived macrophages. Pitavastatin also reduced the increase in CD36 mRNA, cell surface protein, and binding/uptake of OxLDL induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligands and/or OxLDL. Pitavastatin did not alter the half-life of CD36 mRNA, which suggests pitavastatin downregulates CD36 expression by reducing CD36 transcription. In addition, pitavastatin significantly decreased PPARgamma mRNA and protein expression. Finally, pitavastatin increased p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and PPARgamma phosphorylation and increased the ratio of phosphorylated PPARgamma to nonphosphorylated PPARgamma.The present data demonstrate that pitavastatin prevents OxLDL uptake by macrophages through PPARgamma-dependent inhibition of CD36 expression and suggest that pitavastatin could modulate CD36-mediated atherosclerotic foam cell formation.
Adenosine–deaminase–deficient mice die perinatally and exhibit liver–cell degeneration, atelectasis and small intestinal cell death
Authors: Alexandra A.J. Migchielsen, Marco L. Breuer, Marian A. van Roon, Hein te Riele, Chris Zurcher, Ferry Ossendorp, Stephan Toutain, Michael S. Hershfield, Anton Berns, Dinko Valerio
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
The effects of gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, secretin, and the octapeptide of cholecystokinin upon immunoreactive somatostatin release by the perfused canine pancreas.
Authors: E Ipp, R E Dobbs, V Harris, A Arimura, W Vale, R H Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The effects of gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, secretin, and the octapeptide of pancreozymin-cholecystokinin on immunoreactive somatostatin release were studied in the isolated perfused dog pancreas. Gastrin at a concentration of 65 ng/ml and the octapeptide of pancreozymin-cholecystokinin at a concentration of 25 ng/ml produced a prompt, but transient statistically significant, twofold rise in mean somatostatin concentration. Secretion at a concentration of 0.3 U/ml and gastric inhibitory polypeptide concentration of 58 ng/ml produced a prompt two- to threefold rise in mean somatostatin release, which persisted throughout the perfusion period. With all four polypeptides the pattern of the somatostatin response resembled that of insulin. It appears that pancreatic somatostatin release is stimulated by gastrointestinal hormones that influence the secretion of insulin and glucagon.
What can we learn from the ZOOM trial? – Authors' reply
Authors: Dino Amadori, Laura Mercatali, Oriana Nanni, Massimo Aglietta, Barbara Alessi, Lorenzo Gianni, Gabriella Farina, Fernando Gaion, Francesco Bertoldo, Daniele Santini, Roberta Rondena, Paola Bogani, Carla Ida Ripamonti, Toni Ibrahim
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
Differences in Cortical versus Subcortical GABAergic Signaling: A Candidate Mechanism of Electroclinical Uncoupling of Neonatal Seizures
Authors: Joseph Glykys, Volodymyr I. Dzhala, Kishore V. Kuchibhotla, Guoping Feng, Thomas Kuner, George Augustine, Brian J. Bacskai, Kevin J. Staley
Journal: Neuron (2009)
210 SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE WITH PEG-INTERFERON alfa-2a AND RIBAVIRIN DECREASES PORTAL PRESSURE GRADIENT AND PREVENTS CLINICAL DECOMPENSATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C RELATED CIRRHOSIS
Authors: S. Lens, D. Rincon, M. Garcia-Retortillo, A. Albillos, J.L. Calleja, R. Bañares, J.G. Abraldes, J. Bosch, J.M. Sanchez-Tapias, X. Forns, J.C. Garcia-Pagan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Clinical Application of Ultrasonic Probes in the Biliary and Pancreatic Duct
Authors: K. Yasuda, H. Mukai, M. Nakajima, K. Kawai
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

The clinical use of an ultrasonic probe with the radial scan transducer in the biliopancreatic ducts is reported in 35 patients with biliopancreatic lesions, including 11 cases of bile duct and 5 of pancreatic carcinoma. Two approaches are available for the intraductal scanning of bile and/or pancreatic ducts. One is the percutaneous insertion via a percutaneous transhepatic biliary fistula established for cholangioscopy. The other approach is the transpapillary insertion of the probe via the working channel of the duodenoscope. Using both approaches, ultrasonographic images of the bile duct wall, pancreas head and neighboring major blood vessels could be observed clearly. The extent of bile duct and pancreatic carcinoma could also be visualized. We believe that intraductal scanning using ultrasonic probes is a promising method in the staging of biliopancreatic malignancy.
The year of Francis
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2013)

How do you change something as resistant to change as the NHS?

The government hit the ground running with the publication of Robert Francis’s report into the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust on 6 February,1 and the pace hasn’t slackened since. In his accompanying statement to the House of Commons, the prime minister announced several immediate measures—and that was before detailed consideration of Francis’s 290 recommendations had begun.

These new measures included the creation of a single failure regime, whereby failures in care (and not just finance) could trigger suspension of a hospital board. Under a new test all patients, carers, and staff members would be given the opportunity to say whether they would recommend their hospital to their friends or family. The Care Quality Commission was asked to create a post of chief inspector of hospitals.

In addition, four new inquiries were announced that day—into patient safety, nursing qualifications, hospitals with the highest mortality rates, and patient complaints. A fifth—on the burden of bureaucracy—was announced a few days later.

Just seven weeks after the publication of the Francis report, the government published its initial response, flagging up its acceptance of most of the 290 recommendations.2 In addition, it fleshed out the new regulatory regime under the chief inspector of hospitals, which would provide a single clear rating for hospitals, …
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Channel Dysfunction in Non–Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis
Authors: Thierry Bienvenu, Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus, Pierre-Regis Burgel, Dominique Hubert, Bruno Crestani, Laurence Bassinet, Daniel Dusser, Isabelle Fajac
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Although in patients with diffuse bronchiectasis (DB) and a normal sweat test the presence of one mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is frequently observed, its pathogenic role in the development of DB remains unclear.Objectives: To evaluate the association between CFTR heterozygosity and CFTR protein dysfunction in the airways of patients with DB.Methods: Nasal potential difference was measured in 122 patients with DB of unknown origin and with a normal sweat test (Cl− < 60 mmol/L). They were classified according to the presence of CFTR mutations: zero (85 patients), one (22 patients), or two mutations (15 patients). Control groups comprised 26 healthy subjects, 38 obligate heterozygotes for CFTR, and 92 patients with classic cystic fibrosis (CF) with an abnormal sweat test (Cl− ≥ 60 mmol/L). Patients classified as mild-CF were carrying at least one mild mutation and patients classified as severe-CF were homozygous for the F508del mutation.Measurements and Main Results: There was a continuum of airway CFTR dysfunction in the study population as shown by nasal potential difference measurements, ranging from normal values in healthy subjects, to intermediate values in subjects with DB, to highly abnormal values in subjects classified as severe-CF. This continuum of airway CFTR dysfunction was thus strongly associated with defects in the CFTR gene. Moreover, among patients with DB, a similar continuum in intermediate nasal potential difference was identified that was associated with the bearing of zero, one, or two CFTR mutations. These electrophysiological phenotypes and CFTR genotypes were also associated with the clinical phenotype, as shown by the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bronchial colonization.Conclusions: Our study supports the hypothesis that a unique CFTR mutation may have pathogenic consequences in patients with DB.
Sequential Ventilation/Perfusion Imaging of Massive Pulmonary Embolism Treated with Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Authors: JOHN PETRONIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Pulmonary embolism is a common clinical problem estimated to cause 200,000 deaths per year in the United States. There is increasing interest in early diagnosis and prompt aggressive therapy. A case is reported of a patient with massive pulmonary embolism treated with recombi-nant tissue plasminogen activator. Ventilation/perfusion imaging was used both to make an early diagnosis as well as to evaluate the efficacy of therapy.
AN ADAPTATION OF THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY METHOD TO THE ANALYSIS OF RESPIRATORY GASES 1
Authors: Paul G. Ledig, Richard S. Lyman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1927)

A simple and rapid method of analyzing respired air for carbon dioxide and oxygen is still needed in medicine.In investigations on the expenditure of energy in muscular exercise, many samples of expired gas must be analyzed daily.The number of such analyses has been further increased by the widespread adoption of routine clinical de- terminations of metabolic rates involving the respiratory exchange.An improvement in the technic of obtaining such data might also be applied to studies of the composition of alveolar air and possibly to the estimation of lung volumes.Accordingly it has seemed worth while to apply to the requirements of the medical profession the method of gas analysis by thermal conductivity which has proved of value along different lines to chemists and engineers.Although gas analysis by thermal conductivity was shown to be feasible as early as about 1880, it was not developed in medicine, until recently and then only for the determination of carbon dioxide.
Reforming the consultant contract again?: Acute trusts should prioritise care of urgently ill patients
Authors: Adam P Fitzpatrick
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—It is a paradox that, if NHS consultants eradicate waiting lists, they might experience less success in the private sector.1 The new contract will not eradicate private practice, and often NHS acute trusts cannot provide bespoke care but crisis management. Patients pay extra for fast, client oriented care with a consultant of their choice.

One major cause of this situation is the need to reduce waiting …
1014-225 Myocardial and plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 are increased with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Rupak Mukherjee, Abigail S Lowry, Amy E Hardin, Martha R Stroud, John S Ikonomidis, J.Marcus Wharton, Francis G Spinale, Michael R Gold
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The major allergen of peach (Prunus persica) is a lipid transfer protein
Authors: Elide A. Pastorello, Laura Farioli, Valerio Pravettoni, Claudio Ortolani, Marco Ispano, Mara Monza, Chiara Baroglio, Elisabetta Scibola, Raffaella Ansaloni, Cristoforo Incorvaia, Amedeo Conti
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Underinvestigation and undertreatment of carotid disease in elderly patients with transient ischaemic attack and stroke: comparative population based study
Authors: Jack F Fairhead, Peter M Rothwell
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To identify any underinvestigation of older patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and stroke. <b>Design</b> Comparative population based studies. <b>Setting</b> Routine clinical practice in all secondary care services in Oxfordshire and a nested population based study of incidence of transient ischaemic attack and stroke (the Oxford vascular study—OXVASC). <b>Participants/population</b> All patients undergoing carotid imaging for ischaemic retinal or cerebral transient ischaemic attack or stroke from 1 April 2002 to 31 March 2005 in the Oxford vascular study (n = 91 105) and from 1 April 2002 to 31 March 2003 in routine clinical practice (n = 589 899). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Age specific rates of carotid imaging, diagnosed ≥ 50% symptomatic carotid stenosis, and subsequent endarterectomy, in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or stroke. <b>Results</b> Of patients with recent carotid territory transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke, 575 in routine clinical practice and 402 in the Oxford vascular study had carotid imaging, with similar rates up to the age of 80. The incidence of ≥ 50% symptomatic stenosis increased steeply with age, particularly in those aged ≥ 80. Compared with investigations in patients in the Oxford vascular study, the rates of carotid imaging (relative rate 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.28 to 0.46, P &lt; 0.0001), diagnosis of ≥ 50% symptomatic stenosis (0.33, 0.16 to 0.69, P = 0.004), and carotid endarterectomy (0.19, 0.06 to 0.63, P = 0.007) in this age group in routine clinical practice were all substantially lower. <b>Conclusions</b> Incidence of symptomatic carotid stenosis increases steeply with age, but, despite good evidence of major benefit from endarterectomy in elderly patients and a willingness to have surgery, there is substantial underinvestigation in routine clinical practice in patients aged ≥ 80 with transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke.
The behaviour, development, and health of the young child: implications for care.
Authors: M Bax, H Hart, S Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Children with recurrent physical illnesses such as infections of the ears and chest are more likely than average to have developmental and behavioural disorders as well. Specialist skills are needed for the assessment and management of these disorders; the belief that "the child will grow out of it" is rarely correct. Any reorganisation of the child health services should take account of the need for children with developmental and behavioural disorders to be treated within the community by doctors and other health workers with the appropriate skills.
Chromosome 5q deletion and epigenetic suppression of the gene encoding α-catenin (CTNNA1) in myeloid cell transformation
Authors: Ting Xi Liu, Michael W Becker, Jaroslav Jelinek, Wen-Shu Wu, Min Deng, Natallia Mikhalkevich, Karl Hsu, Clara D Bloomfield, Richard M Stone, Daniel J DeAngelo, Ilene A Galinsky, Jean-Pierre Issa, Michael F Clarke, A Thomas Look
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Abstract 1817: Characterisation of CCT251455, a novel, selective and highly potent Mps1 kinase inhibitor
Authors: Amir Faisal, Sebastian Naud, Jessica Schmitt, Isaac Westwood, Angela Hayes, Mark Gurden, Vassilios Bavetsias, Teeara Berry, Grace Mak, Paolo Innocenti, Jack Cheung, Peter Sheldrake, Butrus Atrash, Chongbo Sun, Berry Matijssen, Rosemary Burke, Ross Baker, Craig McAndrew, Martin Rowlands, Paul Workman, Suzanne A. Eccles, Swen Hoelder, Florence I. Raynaud, Rob vanMontfort, Julian Blagg, Spiros Linardopoulos
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1, also known as TTK) is a dual-specificity, cell cycle-regulated kinase required for the establishment and maintenance of the spindle assembly checkpoint during mitosis. Aneuploid tumour cells possess a weak spindle checkpoint to allow onset of anaphase and cell division. Our hypothesis is that a complete inhibition of an already weakened mitotic checkpoint of cancer cells will cause gross chromosomal abnormalities leading to aneuploid cell death. We have shown that depletion of Mps1 by siRNA induces cell death selectively in aneuploid and PTEN-deficient cancer cell lines. We have demonstrated that Mps1 depletion inhibits MAD2 localisation to the kinetochores. We have developed biochemical and cellular assays for Mps1 activity and a high throughput screening of our Institute's compound library delivered multiple hit series. Medicinal chemistry in combination with X-ray crystallography led to the development of CCT251455, a small molecule inhibitor of Mps1 kinase activity. CCT251455 selectively inhibits Mps1 kinase with an IC50 of 0.003 μM, inhibits growth of a panel of human tumour cell lines with GI50 between 0.06 - 1 μM and is particularly potent in PTEN-deficient cell lines. Cells treated with CCT251455 abrogate nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest and reduce the time spent in mitosis. Mps1-inhibited cells contain aberrant numbers of chromosomes and the majority of cells divide their chromosomes without proper alignment. CCT251455 is orally bioavailable (F = 82%) and shows modulation of biomarkers in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1817. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1817
Gallium Citrate Ga 67 Scans and Aortic Prostheses
Authors: Garland D. Perdue
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  Retroperitoneal paraprosthetic infections may become manifest months or years after aortic reconstructive surgery. They may be associated with thrombosis, enteric erosion, and eventual aortoenteric fistula. Multiple diagnostic studies, including aortography, barium studies of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, ultrasound, and endoscopy, may sometimes give abnormal findings but often give false-negative results. Computerized tomographic (CT) scanning is useful but sometimes equivocal. Diagnosis is thus often delayed until massive hemorrhage occurs. Mortality after this event is severe.  Gallium citrate Ga 67 scans have been useful in diagnosis of occult intra-abdominal infections, but their value in diagnosis of paraprosthetic infection has not, to our knowledge, been previously noted. We have had five patients with paraprosthetic infection, enteric erosion, and anemia in whom other diagnostic findings were normal or equivocal and in whom gallium citrate Ga 67 scans confirmed the suspected diagnosis. This allowed a planned elective operation as exemplified by the
Comparison of the effects on arterial-ventricular coupling between phosphodiesterase inhibitor and dobutamine in the diseased human heart
Authors: Hideyuki Takaoka, Motoshi Takeuchi, Michio Odake, Yoshihiko Hayashi, Masuki Mori, Katsuya Hata, Mitsuhiro Yokoyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
An Address ON THE DUTY OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION IN THE PREVENTION OF NATIONAL DETERIORATION: Presidential Address Delivered before the Manchester Medical Society
Authors: W. Coates
Journal: BMJ (1909)

MEDICAL SOCIETY. is now 5 ft. 3 in.;fifty years ago, however, a height of 5 ft. 4 in.would only admit a recruit into the army as an artillery or engineer driver, and the number.required was small; 5 ft. 6in.was the height for a line regiment; 5 ft. 3 in.will enter a recruit into anY line regiment now.
Evaluation of Three Potential Screening Tests for Diabetes Mellitus in a Biethnic Population
Authors: Steven M Haffner, Marc Rosenthal, Helen P Hazuda, Michael P Stern, Laercio J Franco
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

We tested the ability of three potential screening tests for diabetes (fasting plasma glucose value ≥140 mg/dl, 1-h postglucose (PG) load value ≥200 mg/dl, and 2-h PG value ≥200 mg/dl) to detect non-insulin-dependent diabetes in 130 diabetic Mexican Americans (MAs) and 50 diabetic Anglo Americans (AA) usingthe National Diabetes Data Group criteria as the standard. The sensitivity of the fastingplasma glucose (FPG) cutpoint in detecting diabetes was low in both AAs (36.0%) and MAs (59.3%) and was related to the age-adjusted prevalence rates of diabetes in the two ethnic groups (AAs, 4.9% MAs, 10.9%). The 2-h PG load cutpoint had good sensitivity (&amp;gt; 93%) and specificity (&amp;gt; 99%) in both ethnic groups. The ethnic difference in the sensitivity of the FPG cutpoint appeared to be related to the greater hyperglycemia of diabetic MAs compared with diabetic AAs. Nearly 30% of diabetic MAs had FPG values ≥ 200 mg/dl as contrasted with only 10% of diabetic AAs. The difference in severity of hyperglycemia between the ethnic groups appears to be unrelated to ethnic differences in adiposity, pharmacologic treatment, or delay in diagnosis, although longer disease duration in MAs may explain part of the difference.
Beware of expensive imitations
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Research has established that expensive wine tastes better—even if in fact it is the same wine. I suspect that when you pay a high price for something, and despite evidence to the contrary, you genuinely believe it to be better. This is true of many “luxury” items like gaudy Italian fashion, whose gold buckles and epaulets are found loose in the washing machine. This effect is also true of health care.

I manage to maintain my smile but my feet curl in painful spasm …