tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibody to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Women Seeking Abortion in New York City
Authors: ELLIE E. SCHOENBAUM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1987Antibody to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Women Seeking Abortion in New York CityELLIE E. SCHOENBAUM, M.D., MICHAEL H. ALDERMAN, M.D.ELLIE E. SCHOENBAUM, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MICHAEL H. ALDERMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-4-599_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The increasing number and proportion of cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in women whose only demonstrable risk is heterosexual contact has worrisome implications for the heterosexual population and children born to women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (1). We report the results of an anonymous prevalence survey of HIV antibody in women presenting for first trimester abortion to a medical facility located in the Bronx, where there is a cluster of reported AIDS cases associated with intravenous drug abuse (2). From 10 January to 10 March 1987, 353 pregnant women obtained first trimester...References1. GUINANHARDY MA. Epidemiology of AIDS in women in the United States, 1981 through 1986. JAMA. 1987;257:2039-42. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. . The AIDS epidemic in New York City, 1981-1984. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;123:1013-25. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY 10467 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPrevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Drug Use in Pregnant Women: A Critical Review of the LiteratureSeroprevalence Rates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection at Sentinel Hospitals in the United StatesPrevention of HIV TransmissionCorrection: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Women Seeking Abortion 1 October 1987Volume 107, Issue 4Page: 599-599KeywordsAIDSChildrenDrug abuseHIVHIV-1Health surveysHeterosexualsPediatric infectionsPregnancy Issue Published: 1 October 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
UN reports big increase in number of civilian casualties in Gaza
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The situation is horrific and getting worse by the hour for civilians trapped in Israel’s military onslaught in the Gaza strip, senior UN officials have said. With the number of casualties, especially women and children, rising sharply, they have called on the international community to take effective action to stop the attacks.

John Ging, director of operations in Gaza for the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, said on 13 January, “The horrific consequences of this conflict . . . still continue. People are still being killed [and] injured. The destruction is going on, and it continues to go on day by day.”

Mr Ging said that the numbers of casualties are difficult to establish or verify, but he said that the Palestinian Ministry of Health and human rights organisations on the ground have reported that more than 900 people have been killed, among them 292 children and 85 women.

In neighbouring southern Israel four civilians have been killed and 250 have been wounded as a result of rockets fired by Hamas militants.

Mr Ging said that more than 4250 people in Gaza have been injured, including 1497 children and 626 women.

“From a human perspective,” he said, “every time I visit the hospital I come away hugely distressed because the injuries are …
Intravascular Ultrasound Predictors of Angiographic Restenosis in Lesions Treated With Palmaz-Schatz Stents
Authors: Rainer Hoffmann, Gary S Mintz, Roxana Mehran, Augusto D Pichard, Kenneth M Kent, Lowell F Satler, Jeffrey J Popma, Wu Hongsheng, Martin B Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Variant Bernard-Soulier syndrome type bolzano. A congenital bleeding disorder due to a structural and functional abnormality of the platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX complex.
Authors: L De Marco, M Mazzucato, F Fabris, D De Roia, P Coser, A Girolami, V Vicente, Z M Ruggeri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

We have studied a patient with a congenital bleeding disorder and phenotypic manifestations typical of Bernard-Soulier syndrome, including giant platelets with absent ristocetin-induced von Willebrand factor binding. Two monoclonal antibodies reacting with distinct epitopes in the amino-terminal domain of the alpha-chain of glycoprotein (GP) Ib were used to estimate the number of GP Ib molecules on the platelet membrane. In the patient, binding of one antibody (LJ-Ib10) was approximately 50% of normal, while binding of the other (LJ-Ib1) was absent. Binding of both antibodies was reduced to approximately 50% of normal in the mother and one sister of the propositus, and their platelets exhibited approximately 70% of normal von Willebrand factor binding. Immunoblotting studies confirmed the presence of GP Ib alpha, as well as GP IX, in patient platelets. Antibody LJ-Ib10, but not LJ-Ib1, could immunoprecipitate the patient's GP Ib alpha from surface-labeled proteins. Thus, platelets from the propositus contained a structurally and functionally altered GP Ib-IX complex lacking a specific antibody epitope and the ability to bind von Willebrand factor. In contrast, the binding of human alpha-thrombin to the patient's platelets was normal, and three classes of binding sites with high, intermediate, and low affinity could be detected. These studies define a distinct variant form of Bernard-Soulier syndrome and provide evidence, based on a naturally occurring mutant molecule, that the amino-terminal region of GP Ib alpha contains a von Willebrand factor-binding domain distinct from the high affinity thrombin-binding site. Use of different monoclonal antibodies with distinct epitope specificities appears to be essential for a correct identification of variant Bernard-Soulier syndrome.
Letter: Essential fatty acid deficiency due to artificial diet in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: J A Dodge, D G Salter, J G Yassa
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Drugs Taken during First Mothers of Babies Mothers of Trimester of Pregnancy with Malformations Control Babies Hormonal pregnancy test used: Fe and/or folic acid (no other drugs) 10 1 Fe and/or folic acid and one or more other drugs 4 1 One or more other drugs (no Fe or folic acid) 6 3 No other drugs 3 3 Total (hormonal pregnancy test) 23 8 Hormonal pregnancy test not used: Fe and/or folic acid (no other drugs) 40 53
US malaria patients have often not taken chemoprophylactic drugs, CDC report finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Only about a third of US people who develop malaria while traveling abroad were taking drugs to prevent the infection, a report by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has found.

Of the 1687 reported cases in the United States in 2012 all but four were imported, the report said, and the vast majority of imported cases were in people who had traveled to Africa.1

Many of the case reports that the CDC received during the year were incomplete, the researchers wrote, but of the 1536 imported cases in which it was known where the infection was acquired, 1220 (79%) were acquired in Africa⇓.



Sources of malaria infections in the US. See www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7462/infographic



Of the remaining patients, 200 (13%) had become infected while traveling in Asia, 68 (4%) in the Caribbean, 41 (3%) in South America, and seven (0.5%) in Oceania. Of the 909 patients whose reported purpose of travel was known, 604 (66%) were traveling to …
Audit of admission to medical school: III--applicants' perceptions and proposals for change.
Authors: I C McManus, P Richards
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Applicants to St Mary's Hospital Medical School were asked to comment freely on the process of selection. They were particularly concerned about the role of interviews, excessive emphasis on academic achievement, the problem of rank-ordering choices on the UCCA form, and possible biases in selection. These concerns and the results of our survey suggest that candidates should not be asked to rank their choices in order of preference, that UCCA applications for medicine should be subject to an early closing date, that as many applicants as possible should be interviewed, that applicants should be encouraged to apply after taking A levels, that educational opportunity should be taken into account in assessing A level grades, and that mature students should be encouraged, not least by providing mandatory awards for a second degree in medicine.
Tc-99m HMPAO Brain SPECT in Frontal Cortex Dysfunction, A Case of Subcortico-Cortical Diaschisis
Authors: MARINA HUGUET, ANA M. CATAFAU, FRANCISCO LOME&OV0438;A
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Brain perfusion SPECT imaging was performed in a young patient who developed an organic personality disorder (DSM-III-R criteria). Three years earlier he had experienced brain trauma. An MRI showed a residual porenchepalic cyst secondary to a hemorrhagic lesion in the putamen and caudate nucleus, and no alterations were found in the frontal cortex. Brain SPECT demonstrated a marked decrease of rCBF in the right frontal cortex. This finding may indicate the presence of a phenomenon of ipsilateral subcortico-cortical diaschisis that could explain the clinical frontal syndrome of the patient. In this case, the HMPAO-SPECT was the only neuroimaging technique that demonstrated frontal cortex dysfunction.
Rape as a Crime of War
Authors: Shana Swiss
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Although widespread, rape of women has been an underreported aspect of military conflict until recently. The current war in the former Yugoslavia has focused attention on the use of rape as a deliberate strategy to undermine community bonds and weaken resistance to aggression. In addition to providing treatment for individual survivors, the medical community has an important role to play in investigating and documenting incidents of rape. Such documentation can help to establish the magnitude of rape in war and hold perpetrators accountable. Since rape in war affects not only the individual but also the family and community to which the survivor belongs, the restoration of social and community bonds is central to the process of healing and must be addressed within the specific cultural setting. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:612-615)
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis: A Study of the Cases of Recovery
Authors: J. B. Cavenagh, B.M. Oxon
Journal: BMJ (1936)

MEDA THtJBORTNL 11 -~~~~MDIA ORA influence of avertin for twenty-three days.Here the tube was passed by the nasal route and left in situ, being removed once daily to be cleaned.By this means the average daily intake of food for the whole twenty-three days was 260 calories, the theoretical caloric requirement being 300 daily.Rectal feeding is useful in some cases, and patients seem to retain fluids well, but it is quite impossible in a severe case to give sufficient nourishment by this means alone, and intravenous infusions are necessary.The importance of giving sufficient food can hardly be overemphasized, and success depends largely on nursing efficiency. SummaryThe treatment of tetanus may be summarized as follows:1.As soon as possible after the diagnosis is made give 200,000 units of antitoxin (int.)intravenously.2. One hour after the antitoxin has been given treat the wound.After appropriate surgical treatment irri- gate with hydrogen peroxide.3. Keep the patient as quiet as possible in a darkened room.If reflex spasms have not begun give large doses of bromide and as full fluid or semi-fluid diet as possible.4. If the period of onset is four days or longer, and the reflex spasms are not severe, treatment with avertin need not be started at once, but it should be begun if the spasms become severe or if the patient shows signs of exhaustion.In such a case one basal anaesthetic dose daily may be sufficient.5. If the period of onset is three days or less treatment with avertin should be begun at once and continued according to the severity and duration of the spasms.With prolonged spasms causing respiratory embarrass- ment the dosage should be larger and more frequent.6.When avertin treatment has begun nasal oxygen should be given as required, and atropine hypodermically if there is respiratory difficulty.7. Arrange that any necessary manipulations such as the giving of enemas, rectal salines, hypodermic injec-- tions, or local treatment of the wound are undertaken when the patient is most deeply under the influence of avertin.8. Continue the avertin treatment as required, and reduce the dose gradually as the spasms become less.9.If hyperpyrexia occurs treat by tepid sponging.
The Gheel Experience
Authors: Roland K. Berg
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Aring's Gheel experience (230:998, 1974) made me remember my visit to Gheel. I was the first journalist permitted by Belgian authorities to interview the towns-people and their<i>malades</i>, as the Gheeleis referred to the mentally ill they took into their homes while the rest of the world preferred to lock them up. My visit came 15 years later than Dr. Aring's, in 1961, at a time when I was science editor of<i>Look</i>magazine. The month was February, a cold and bleak period during which the sun never shone, yet I recall it as the brightest four weeks in my memory. That year, Gheel's population was 23,000, including 2,200 "sick ones" from all over the world, who lived with the townspeople as members of the family. Most householders worked small farms, a few were shopkeepers, and the<i>malades</i>labored along with them in the fields, shared
Fatal Occupational Injuries
Authors: Richard B. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  I found the recent article by Bell et al 1 about fatal occupational injuries extremely interesting, but I have a question about one of their findings: the large number of homicides among women. The rate was 11% of all fatal injuries for men and 39% for women. The authors made no attempt to clarify this remarkable statistic, despite exhaustive explanations of their methods of data collection and evaluation.
Influence of Diet on Urinary VMA Excretion
Authors: Elliot J. Rayfield
Journal: JAMA (1972)

With a method that converted 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (vanillylmandelic acid [VMA]) to vanillin, six healthy volunteers had a normal mean 24-hour urinary VMA excretion when given each of three different diets of varying amounts of bananas, coffee, and other foods known to interfere with older chromatographic procedures. The data suggest that dietary restrictions during VMA collections using the present method can be omitted in the screening of hypertensive patients for pheochromocytoma.
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gisèle Bonne, Lucie Carrier, Pascale Richard, Bernard Hainque, Ketty Schwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy, which is usually asymmetric and involves the interventricular septum. Typical morphological changes include myocyte hypertrophy and disarray surrounding the areas of increased loose connective tissue. Arrhythmias and premature sudden deaths are common. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is familial in the majority of cases and is transmitted as an autosomal-dominant trait. The results of molecular genetics studies have shown that familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease of the sarcomere involving mutations in 7 different genes encoding proteins of the myofibrillar apparatus: β-myosin heavy chain, ventricular myosin essential light chain, ventricular myosin regulatory light chain, cardiac troponin T, cardiac troponin I, α-tropomyosin, and cardiac myosin binding protein C. In addition to this locus heterogeneity, there is a wide allelic heterogeneity, since numerous mutations have been found in all these genes. The recent development of animal models and of in vitro analyses have allowed a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. One can thus tentatively draw the following cascade of events: The mutation leads to a poison polypeptide that would be incorporated into the sarcomere. This would alter the sarcomeric function that would result (1) in an altered cardiac function and then (2) in the alteration of the sarcomeric and myocyte structure. Some mutations induce functional impairment and support the pathogenesis hypothesis of a “hypocontractile” state followed by compensatory hypertrophy. Other mutations induce cardiac hyperfunction and determine a “hypercontractile” state that would directly induce cardiac hypertrophy. The development of other animal models and of other mechanistic studies linking the genetic mutation to functional defects are now key issues in understanding how alterations in the basic contractile unit of the cardiomyocyte alter the phenotype and the function of the heart.
Responsiveness to Mannitol in Asthmatic Subjects with Exercise- and Hyperventilation-induced Asthma
Authors: JOHN D. BRANNAN, HEIKKI KOSKELA, SANDRA D. ANDERSON, NORA CHEW
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We investigated airway responsiveness to mannitol, a new hyperosmolar challenge, in persons hyperresponsive to airway drying. We studied 36 asthmatic subjects, 18 to 40 yr of age, responsive to exercise (n = 23) and eucapnic hyperventilation (n = 28) defined by a 10% fall in FEV1. Fifteen subjects performed both challenges. All subjects performed a challenge with dry powder mannitol, encapsulated and delivered via a Dinkihaler until a 15% decrease in FEV1 was documented or a cumulative dose of 635 mg was delivered. All subjects responsive to eucapnic hyperventilation and all but one subject responsive to exercise were responsive to mannitol. Sixty-nine percent of subjects had a positive response to mannitol after less than 155 mg (6 capsules) and 94% less than 320 mg (10 capsules). The provoking dose of mannitol required to cause a 15% fall in FEV1 (PD15) was related to the severity of the response to exercise (Pearson's correlation coefficient [rp] = 0.68, p < 0.01) and eucapnic hyperventilation (rp = 0.68, p < 0.01) in subjects who were not taking inhaled corticosteroids. The mean ( ± SD) maximum percent fall in FEV1 after mannitol was 24.4 ± 6.2% and recovery to bronchodilator occurred within 10 min in most subjects. The mannitol test is simple, inexpensive, faster to perform than hyperpnea with dry air and could become an office-based test. Further studies are now required to determine the sensitivity of mannitol to identify exercise-induced asthma in a random population.
The Coombs Test and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia-Reply
Authors: Alan D. Schreiber
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  Drs Kulkarni and Wagner are correct that a small number of patients may have AHA but yet not have IgG or C3 detected on their surface by the conventional Coombs antiglobulin test. These patients are diagnosed by more sensitive assays that can detect immunoglobulin, complement components, or both on the cell surface. For example, our radiolabeled antiglobulin test can detect one tenth the number of IgG molecules on the erythrocyte surface that the conventional Coombs test can measure. However, this phenomenon, ie, Coombs'-negative immune hemolytic anemia, is quite rare. More commonly, it appears in the clinical situation of a positive Coombs test result (usually not strongly positive), without evidence for clinical hemolysis. This suggests that in most circumstances the Coombs test is sufficiently sensitive to detect an amount of IgG on the RBC surface necessary to produce hemolysis, ie, an amount of IgG on the RBC surface sufficient
Bill allowing creation of “admixed” embryos for research passes first hurdle
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Legislation to regulate the use of human embryos for research in the United Kingdom had its second reading in the House of Commons this week, but ministers face a fight to push the most contentious measures through.The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill, which updates 1990 legislation to take account of advances in technology, passed the second reading by 340 votes to 78, with only nine Labour MPs rebelling.
Prolactin and Sexual Function
Authors: Bruno Ambrosi
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Regarding the article by Spark and co-workers (243:750, 1980) about hormonal evaluation in sexually impotent men, we would like to emphasize some points, particularly about the role of prolactin on sexual function. In the years 1975 to 1979, we saw 134 patients complaining of sexual disturbances (ie, impotence or ejaculatio precox) of nonorganic origin who were referred to our endocrine unit. All patients had serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone, and 17 β-estradiol routinely determined by specific radioimmunoassay methods (Biodata Serono Kits). In our series mean (±SE) serum LH and FSH concentrations were not significantly different from those obtained in normal subjects (LH, 11.5± 0.6 vs 11.2±1.4 mIU/mL; FSH, 8.1±0.6 vs 6.5±0.4 mIU/mL); abnormally high or low LH and FSH levels were recorded in only 5% and 7% of cases, respectively. Though the mean serum PRL concentration in basal conditions did not significantly
Current survival measures reliably reflect modern sequential treatment in CML: Correlation with prognostic stratifications
Authors: Tomas Pavlik, Eva Janousova, Jiri Mayer, Karel Indrak, Marie Jarosova, Hana Klamova, Daniela Zackova, Jaroslava Voglova, Edgar Faber, Michal Karas, Katerina Machova Polakova, Zdenek Racil, Eva Demeckova, Ludmila Demitrovicova, Elena Tothova, Juraj Chudej, Imrich Markuljak, Eduard Cmunt, Tomas Kozak, Jan Muzik, Ladislav Dusek
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Using the data of 723 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in the chronic phase, we analyzed the prognostic value of the Sokal, Euro, and EUTOS scores as well as the level of BCR-ABL1 and the achievement of complete cytogenetic response (CCgR) at 3 months of imatinib therapy in relation to the so-called current survival measures: the current cumulative incidence (CCI) reflecting the probability of being alive and in CCgR after starting imatinib therapy; the current leukemia-free survival (CLFS) reflecting the probability of being alive and in CCgR after achieving the first CCgR; and the overall survival. The greatest difference between the CCI curves at 5 years after initiating imatinib therapy was observed for the BCR-ABL1 transcripts at 3 months. The 5-year CCI was 94.3% in patients with BCR-ABL1 transcripts ≤ 10% and 57.1% in patients with BCR-ABL1 transcripts > 10% (P = 0.005). Therefore, the examination of BCR-ABL1 transcripts at 3 months may help in early identification of patients who are likely to perform poorly with imatinib. On the other hand, CLFS was not significantly affected by the considered stratifications. In conclusion, our results indicate that once the CCgR is achieved, the prognosis is good irrespective of the starting prognostic risks.