tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Capsaicin Inhibits <b> <i>in Vitro</i> </b> and <b> <i>in Vivo</i> </b> Angiogenesis
Authors: Jeong-Ki Min, Kyu-Yeon Han, Eok-Cheon Kim, Young-Myeong Kim, Sae-Won Lee, Ok-Hee Kim, Kyu-Won Kim, Yong Song Gho, Young-Guen Kwon
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a natural product of Capsicum species, is known to induce excitation of nociceptive terminals involved in pain perception. Recent studies have also shown that capsaicin not only has chemopreventive properties against certain carcinogens and mutagens but also exerts anticancer activity. Here, we demonstrated the antiangiogenic activity of capsaicin using in vitro and in vivo assay systems. In vitro, capsaicin inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -induced proliferation, DNA synthesis, chemotactic motility, and capillary-like tube formation of primary cultured human endothelial cells. Capsaicin inhibited both VEGF-induced vessel sprouting in rat aortic ring assay and VEGF-induced vessel formation in the mouse Matrigel plug assay. Moreover, capsaicin was able to suppress tumor-induced angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Capsaicin caused G1 arrest in endothelial cells. This effect correlated with the down-regulation of the expression of cyclin D1 that led to inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4-mediated phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Signaling experiments show that capsaicin inhibits VEGF-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p125FAK, and AKT activation, but its molecular target is distinct from the VEGF receptor KDR/Flk-1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that capsaicin is a novel inhibitor of angiogenesis and suggest that it may be valuable to develop pharmaceutical drugs for treatment of angiogenesis-dependent human diseases such as tumors.
One-Year Results of a Community-Based Translation of the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Jeffrey A. Katula, Mara Z. Vitolins, Erica L. Rosenberger, Caroline S. Blackwell, Timothy M. Morgan, Michael S. Lawlor, David C. Goff
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE Although the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (FDPS) demonstrated that weight loss from lifestyle change reduces type 2 diabetes incidence in patients with prediabetes, the translation into community settings has been difficult. The objective of this study is to report the first-year results of a community-based translation of the DPP lifestyle weight loss (LWL) intervention on fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and adiposity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We randomly assigned 301 overweight and obese volunteers (BMI 25–40 kg/m2) with fasting blood glucose values between 95 and 125 mg/dL to a group-based translation of the DPP LWL intervention administered through a diabetes education program (DEP) and delivered by community health workers (CHWs) or to an enhanced usual-care condition. CHWs were volunteers with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. A total of 42.5% of participants were male, mean age was 57.9 years, 26% were of a race/ethnicity other than white, and 80% reported having an education beyond high school. The primary outcome is mean fasting glucose over 12 months of follow-up, adjusting for baseline glucose. RESULTS Compared with usual-care participants, LWL intervention participants experienced significantly greater decreases in blood glucose (−4.3 vs. −0.4 mg/dL; P &amp;lt; 0.001), insulin (−6.5 vs. −2.7 μU/mL; P &amp;lt; 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (−1.9 vs. −0.8; P &amp;lt; 0.001), weight (−7.1 vs. −1.4 kg; P &amp;lt; 0.001), BMI (−2.1 vs. −0.3 kg/m2; P &amp;lt; 0.001), and waist circumference (−5.9 vs. −0.8 cm; P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This translation of the DPP intervention conducted in community settings, administered through a DEP, and delivered by CHWs holds great promise for the prevention of diabetes by significantly decreasing glucose, insulin, and adiposity.
Psychosocial outcomes of three triage methods for the management of borderline abnormal cervical smears: an open randomised trial
Authors: K. J McCaffery, L. Irwig, R. Turner, S. F. Chan, P. Macaskill, M. Lewicka, J. Clarke, E. Weisberg, A. Barratt
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There have been steady reductions in mortality rates in the majority of high-income countries, including Scotland, since 1945. However, reductions in mortality rates have slowed down since 2012–2014 in these nations; and have reversed in some cases. Deaths among those aged 55+ explain a large amount of these changing mortality trends in Scotland. Increased pressures on health and social care services have been suggested as one factor explaining these changes. This paper outlines a protocol for the approach to testing the extent to which health and social care pressures can explain recent mortality trends in Scotland. Although a slower rate of mortality improvements have affected people of all ages, certain ages have been more negatively affected than the others. The current analyses will be run by age-band to test if the service pressure-mortality link varies across age-group. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> This will be an observational ecological study based on the Scottish population. The exposures of interest will be the absolute (primary outcome) and percentage (secondary outcome) change in real terms per capita spending on social and healthcare services between 2011 and 2017. The outcome of interest will be the absolute (primary outcome) and percentage (secondary outcome) change in age-standardised mortality rate between 2012 and 2018 for men and women separately. The units of analysis will be the 32 local authorities and the 14 territorial health boards. The analyses will be run for both all age-groups combined and for the following age bands: &lt;1, 1–15, 16–44, 45–64, 65–74, 75–84 and 85+. A series of descriptive analyses will summarise the distribution of health and social care expenditure and mortality trends between 2011 and 2018. Linear regression analysis will be used to investigate the direct association between health care spending and mortality rates. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> The data used in this study will be publicly available and aggregated and will not be individually identifiable; therefore, ethical committee approval is not needed. This work will not result in the creation of a new data set. On completion, the study will be stored within the National Health Service research governance system. All of the results will be published once they have been shared with partner agencies.
Unilateral Medullary Sponge Kidney Detected on Bone Scan
Authors: MALIK JUWEID, CYNTHIA H. RICHARDS, SYDNEY HEYMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

After resection of a medulloblastoma, a 2-year-old boy had a bone scan to rule out metastasis. An abnormally intense concentration of Tc-99m MDP was noted within the left kidney. A renal scan performed on the previous day showed no obstruction. Further renal evaluation with sonography revealed calcifications of the left medullary pyramid tips and renal sinus. The right kidney was normal. The findings are consistent with the clinical diagnosis of a unilateral medullary sponge kidney.
Keratinocytes from patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis show a distinct chemokine production profile in response to T cell–derived cytokines
Authors: Maria Laura Giustizieri, Francesca Mascia, Alessandra Frezzolini, Ornella De Pità, Luca M. Chinni, Alberto Giannetti, Giampiero Girolomoni, Saveria Pastore
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Becoming a general practitioner trainer
Authors: H. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Vocational training in Britain has been an undoubted success, and the unsung heroes are the general practitioner trainers and their staff, who have made a dramatic and effective impact on the training of general practitioner registrars (formerly called trainees). A trainer is a complex amalgam of friend and mentor to the general practitioner registrar while also supervising, monitoring, and assessing him or her. In addition, a registrar is a vulnerable individual who requires teaching and is dependent on the trainer for a “good” reference as well as a positive trainer's report. The trainer also acts as a focus for the practice when it comes to dealing with issues about a general practitioner registrar, which could range from complaints to compliments. In addition, the trainer and the practice are the employer of the general practitioner registrar. This places considerable responsibility on both the practice and the trainer.

A trainer is more than a clinician and supervisor and is also an educationalist, a parent figure, and an assessor. The relationship between the general practitioner registrar and trainer is complex and multifaceted, but in practice it works very well.

A trainer's role does not just cover managing a general practitioner registrar's education; it involves the whole concept of training, including sorting out contractual problems and making sure that the registrar integrates well with patients and the practice team. In order to be a training practice, the practice must have attained a sufficient level of quality. Maintaining medical records to specific standards, keeping an up to date and well ordered practice library, and ensuring adequate and protected tutorial time are just some of the many quality standards that a training practice has to reach. Training practices and the designated trainer(s) are subject to regular and …
Chemical constituents of peppers (Piper spp.) and application to food preservation: naturally occurring antioxidative compounds.
Authors: N Nakatani, R Inatani, H Ohta, A Nishioka
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

In a structure analysis of the compounds of the genus Piper (Family Piperaceae), we identified five phenolic amides from Piper nigrum, seven compounds from P. retrofractum, and two compounds from P. baccatum. All the phenolic amides possess significant antioxidant activities that are more effective than the naturally occurring antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol. One amide, feruperine, has antioxidant activity as high as the synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Naturally occurring antioxidants, therefore, may surpass BHA and BHT in their ability to inactivate mutagens in food.
Infectious Diseases in Competitive Sports
Authors: John M. Dorman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I would like to call attention to two items in the recent article<sup>1</sup>from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on infectious diseases in competitive sports that deserve further amplification. Two newspaper articles are cited (references 58 and 59) about the 1989 measles outbreak at Siena College in New York State. These articles brought a lot more publicity to Siena College than they did to Stanford University, Siena's first-round opponent in the National Collegiate Athletic Association basketball tournament. Stanford ironically had been one of the first two schools in 1983 to implement the recommendations of the American College Health Association (with the Centers for Disease Control)<sup>2</sup>that all colleges and universities have prematriculation immunization requirements. Stanford thus required proof of immunity against measles for all students. Consequently, the Stanford team was at no risk of catching measles from the Siena team (although they did
Electrophysiological Findings in Adolescents With Atrial Fibrillation Who Have Structurally Normal Hearts
Authors: Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar, Yung R. Lau, Vance J. Plumb, Andrew E. Epstein, G. Neal Kay
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is uncommon in children, and its mechanisms are unknown. This study describes the electrophysiological findings in children and adolescents with AF and the outcome of catheter ablation.Nine adolescents with symptomatic, lone AF who failed antiarrhythmic drug therapy were evaluated. All patients had ECG-documented AF and underwent invasive electrophysiological testing. Intracardiac mapping was performed to determine the site of spontaneous onset of AF and rapidly firing atrial foci. Only the triggering focus was targeted for ablation or isolation. The patients' mean age was 15.9+/-3.3 (range, 8 to 19 years). The most common finding was rapid, irregular atrial tachycardias in the region of the pulmonary veins (n=5), left atrium (n=2), or crista terminalis (n=3). One patient had foci in both the pulmonary veins and crista terminalis. The cycle lengths ranged from 108 to 280 ms. Catheter ablation was acutely successful in 8 patients (88.9%), whereas 1 patient with multiple left atrium foci was treated with the surgical maze operation. Over a mean of 35+/-22 months, 7 patients (77.8%) were arrhythmia free on no medications, while AF recurred in 2 patients who are controlled on antiarrhythmic medications. Two patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy had resolution of their left ventricular dysfunction after ablation.AF in adolescents with structurally normal hearts is usually due to foci in the pulmonary veins, crista terminalis, or left atrium. These foci usually induce irregular atrial tachycardias. Catheter ablation of the foci is effective in eliminating recurrent AF.
Human liver cell spheroids in extended perfusion bioreactor culture for repeated-dose drug testing
Authors: Rui M. Tostões, Sofia B. Leite, Margarida Serra, Janne Jensen, Petter Björquist, Manuel J. T. Carrondo, Catarina Brito, Paula M. Alves
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Primary cultures of human hepatocyte spheroids are a promising in vitro model for long-term studies of hepatic metabolism and cytotoxicity. The lack of robust methodologies to culture cell spheroids, as well as a poor characterization of human hepatocyte spheroid architecture and liver-specific functionality, have hampered a widespread adoption of this three-dimensional culture format. In this work, an automated perfusion bioreactor was used to obtain and maintain human hepatocyte spheroids. These spheroids were cultured for 3-4 weeks in serum-free conditions, sustaining their phase I enzyme expression and permitting repeated induction during long culture times; rate of albumin and urea synthesis, as well as phase I and II drug-metabolizing enzyme gene expression and activity of spheroid hepatocyte cultures, presented reproducible profiles, despite basal interdonor variability (n = 3 donors). Immunofluorescence microscopy of human hepatocyte spheroids after 3-4 weeks of long-term culture confirmed the presence of the liver-specific markers, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, albumin, cytokeratin 18, and cytochrome P450 3A. Moreover, immunostaining of the atypical protein kinase C apical marker, as well as the excretion of a fluorescent dye, evidenced that these spheroids spontaneously assemble a functional bile canaliculi network, extending from the surface to the interior of the spheroids, after 3-4 weeks of culture.Perfusion bioreactor cultures of primary human hepatocyte spheroids maintain a liver-specific activity and architecture and are thus suitable for drug testing in a long-term, repeated-dose format.
SOME DEDUCTIONS FROM THE STATISTICS ON THE PREVENTION OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: D. H. C. Given
Journal: BMJ (1921)

{I BitrOW 22Sthe upset of wich appears to depnd for the most part ieeesive uSteine m e, in ay -Opio-it-is" desrtile -eto Vedform hysterectoiny in all sueh cages w1ten- ever the bleeding is severe enoull to make the pati-ent to.any extent an invalid.ILam old enou,gh to -renmber tlho time wlhen it was considered so dangerous to retoove a -uterine fbtoid t1hat gynaecolopists.more often tllan lot suggested not operation but rest aud drugs whlen a woman anywhcre near the menopause lhad a tibroid wlichl did not actually thireaten ler life by reason of the profusoness of the bleedling.One Qf my most vivid inemories is of a
Intervention study to evaluate pilot health promotion payment aimed at increasing general practitioners' antismoking advice to smokers
Authors: T. Coleman, A. T Wynn, S. Barrett, A. Wilson, S. Adams
Journal: BMJ (2001)

are made available, general practices seem to follow the path of least resistance to claim them.This often involves simple administrative changes rather than changes in clinical behaviour.New payments for health promotion should be carefully piloted and evaluated to determine whether they alter clinical practice.
Many young south Asian women in UK lack vitamin D, study finds
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A quarter of young south Asian women living in Britain who were tested for vitamin D may have what are described as strikingly low concentrations, a new study concludes.

Such women have a level of deficiency that puts them at higher risk of developing osteomalacia, says the study ( Bone 2007;40:200-4).

“Our data confirm a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among young UK South Asian women. A significant proportion—approximately one quarter—had marked deficiency,” the authors wrote. “Public health measures to increase levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] are urgently required. In addition to preventing osteomalacia …
Abstract 393: The SHrN™ scid hairless NOD mouse model: Development and characterization
Authors: Shanice V. Williams, Sheryl J. Wildt, Andrew I. Brooks, Dale M. Cooper
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The SHrN™ scid hairless NOD mouse was developed to provide a hairless triple-immunodeficient mouse model to the research community. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse carrying the Prkdcscid mutation (NOD scid mouse) is an established xenograft model for humanization, oncology, and immunology research. It has proven to be particularly useful in elucidating mechanisms of spontaneous lymphoma and thymic tumors, prostate cancer research, and the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells. As scid mice are haired, it is often necessary to shave these mice to facilitate tumor observation and evaluation. However, shaving animals does not prevent autofluorescence of hair follicles while imaging scid mice. We have transferred the hairless mutation (Hrhr) from the outbred HsdOla:MF1-Hrhr to the NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/NCrHsd mouse to generate the inbred hairless NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Hrhr/NCrHsd mouse, or commonly named scid hairless NOD (SHrN™). Herein we describe the breeding program utilized to generate the SHrN™ model using marker assisted backcrossing methodology. A combination of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allelic discrimination and quantitative PCR (QPCR) analysis was employed to genotype offspring for the Prkdcscid and Hrhr mutations. SNP genotypes were determined using the Fluidigm Biomark™ High Throughput SNP Genotyping Platform. In each backcross generation, a total of 560 SNPs was measured on all offspring homozygous for Prkdcscid and heterozygous for Hrhr to select the most optimal breeders with the highest percentage of NOD genetic background. Littermates identified to have a genetic background 99% concordant to the NOD mouse were sibling-mated to produce F1 breeders homozygous for both Prkdcscid and Hrhr mutations. The immunologic characteristics of this model are also described, which include B and T cell deficiency, a functional deficit of NK cells, and decreased macrophage and complement function. As the least leaky, most immunocompromised hairless model available, the SHrN™ model will become a valuable enhancement to oncology and immunology research, with particular benefit to imaging technology studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 393.
You Are a Blessing
Authors: Laura Carbone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

On Being a Doctor17 February 2009You Are a BlessingLaura Carbone, MD, MS*Laura Carbone, MD, MS*From the University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-4-200902170-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It's been 3 years since we knew its name: “non–small-cell lung cancer with mets to the bone and pleura.” But nothing at all had changed during this time, and we were barely aware that “it” was there. After all, you were still at every clinic every day, for your patients needed you, and chemotherapy could just be scheduled around your clinics.I don't know why I finished early that day; after all, I was a Veterans Affairs medicine attending, it was July, and I rarely, if ever, got back to the university during the day. But that day I did, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163.Corresponding Author: Laura Carbone, MD, MS, University of Tennessee, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163.* On behalf of all University of Tennessee rheumatology students, residents, and fellows of Stanley B. Kaplan, past and present PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 February 2009Volume 150, Issue 4Page: 276KeywordsBoneCellsChartsChemotherapyDrugsHospitalsJewish peopleLung and intrathoracic tumorsRheumatology ePublished: 17 February 2009 Issue Published: 17 February 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Release of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 into bile and serum in murine endotoxin shock
Authors: H Jaeschke, N A Essani, M A Fisher, S L Vonderfecht, A Farhood, C W Smith
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Neutrophil-induced liver injury during endotoxemia is dependent on the adhesion molecules Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) on neutrophils and its counterreceptor on endothelial cells and hepatocytes, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). To investigate a potential release of a soluble form of ICAM-1 (sICAM-1), animals received 100 μg/kg Salmonella abortus equi endotoxin alone or in combination with 700 mg/kg galactosamine. In endotoxin-sensitive mice (C3Heb/FeJ), injection of endotoxin did not cause liver injury but induced a time-dependent increase of sICAM-1 in serum (300%) and in bile (615%) without affecting bile flow. In galactosamine/endotoxin-treated animals, which developed liver injury, the increase in both compartments was only 97% and 104%, respectively. In either case, the increase in sICAM-1 concentrations paralleled the enhanced ICAM-1 expression in the liver. The endotoxin-resistant strain (C3H/HeJ) did not show elevated sICAM-1 levels in serum or bile after endotoxin administration. In contrast, the intravenous injection of murine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α) or IL-1β (13-23 μg/kg) into endotoxin-resistant mice induced a 225% to 364% increase in serum sICAM-1 and a 370% elevation of the biliary efflux of sICAM-1, again independent of changes in bile flow. These data indicate that cytokines are major inducers of sICAM-1 formation during endotoxemia in vivo . The described experimental model can be used to investigate the role of sICAM-1 in the pathophysiology of inflammatory liver disease.