tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Diagnostic X Rays and Thyroid Cancer
Authors: P. D. Inskip, A. Ekbom, M. R. Galanti, L. Grimelius, J. D. Boice
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Background : Diagnostic x rays are the largest man-made source of exposure to ionizing radiation for the general population. Whether there are meaningful cancer risks associated with such exposures is unclear. Most previous case-control studies have relied on recalled histories of x rays, and there is concern that completeness and accuracy of recall might differ between cancer case and control subjects. Purpose : The present study used information recorded prospectively in hospital charts to address the relationship between medical diagnostic x rays and risk of thyroid cancer. Methods : The Swedish Cancer Registry and the Uppsala-Örebro Regional Cancer Registry were used to identify persons with papillary or follicular thyroid cancer diagnosed from January 1, 1980, through December 31, 1992, among residents of the Uppsala Health Care Region. After histopathologic review, there were 484 such case subjects available for study. An equal number of age-, sex-, and county of residence-matched control subjects from the general population were randomly selected on the basis of the Swedish Registry of the Total Population. Lifetime residential histories were compiled, and radiology records were searched at all Swedish hospitals serving regions where study subjects ever maintained an official residence. Approximate radiation doses to the thyroid gland for specific types of x-ray examinations were assigned on the basis of mean values of measurements made in Sweden in 1973–1975 and in the United States in 1970. Odds ratios were used to evaluate the association between diagnostic radiography and risk of thyroid cancer. Results : A total of 3853 medical diagnostic x rays were ascertained among thyroid cancer case subjects and 4039 among the matched control subjects. There was no tendency for case subjects to have had more of the types of x-ray procedure associated with higher radiation dose to the thyroid gland (i.e., those involving the head or neck area). This finding was true even when analysis was restricted to x rays occurring before 1960, when doses likely were higher than in more recent years, and for examinations occurring in childhood and adolescence, when susceptibility to radiation-induced thyroid cancer is greatest. The relative risk of thyroid cancer was not significantly associated with estimated cumulative dose to the thyroid gland from diagnostic x rays (two-sided P for trend = .80). Conclusion : These data indicate that the risk of thyroid cancer due to medical diagnostic x rays, if any, is very small. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:1613–21]
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Roseanne D. Dobkin, Matthew Menza, Lesley A. Allen, Michael A. Gara, Margery H. Mark, Jade Tiu, Karina L. Bienfait, Jill Friedman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

Depression scores declined more for depressed patients with Parkinson's disease who received 10 weeks of CBT plus clinical monitoring than for those who received clinical monitoring only. The study of 80 patients also showed greater improvements in anxiety, quality of life, coping, and Parkinson's disease symptoms in the CBT group.
Cognitive Science in Medicine: Biomedical Modeling
Authors: Donald A. Redelmeier
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Cognitive science has much to offer medicine. As the synthesis of cognitive psychology, theoretical linguistics, and computer science, the field provides novel models of biomedical knowledge. These promising efforts can provide mechanisms for improving medical reasoning and artificial intelligence. Furthermore, opportunities to study judgment are personally compelling, given that we have all made mistakes. This volume offers both empirical and theoretical reports on the field from the perspective of medical information sciences. The ten chapters address the difference between idealized models of problem solving and actual clinical practice. The first motivates the reader by listing various reasons for studying cognitive science, most notably the pragmatic argument of improving communication, education, and computer modeling. The second chapter invokes the issues of estrogen replacement therapy to highlight the discrepancy between intuitive decision making and formal decision analysis. Chapter 3 explores the tension between basic scientific knowledge and clinical knowledge (and why the
Effect of intra-abdominal bupivacaine instillation on postoperative colonic motility.
Authors: G Rimback, J Cassuto, A Faxen, S Hogstrom, G Wallin, P O Tollesson
Journal: Gut (1986)

Effect of intra-abdominal instillation of a local anaesthetic, bupivacaine, on postoperative colonic adynamic ileus was studied in a double blind manner in a randomised series of patients undergoing upper laparotomy. Propulsive colonic activity was studied postoperatively with radio-opaque markers and serial abdominal radiographs. Intra-abdominal instillation of bupivacaine 2 mg/kg bw significantly shortened the period of postoperative colonic inhibition (p less than 0.01), but did not hasten colonic transit. Furthermore, bupivacaine significantly decreased the hyperglycaemic response to surgery. It is suggested that bupivacaine inhibits the inflammatory response within the bowel wall, a response which may maintain the inhibitory spinal reflexes in the postoperative period. Blood concentrations of bupivacaine were shown to be well below toxic levels and no adverse reactions were observed.
Abstract 4817: Circulating tumor cells enriched by the negative selection system PowerMag is a useful predictor for treatment response of metastatic colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh, Hung-Chih Lin, Hung-Chih Hsu, John Wen-Cheng Chang, Ching-Ping Tseng
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provides prognostic and predictive value to guide treatment options. This study aims to (1) evaluate the merits of the PowerMag system, an immunomagnetic separation technique that we recently developed for negative selection of CTCs, in the prediction of treatment response; (2) perform analysis to investigate whether there is a correlation between the imaging response and the changes of CTCs counts before and during chemotherapy for the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A total of 47 mCRC patients were enrolled in this prospective single-center study. CTCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of these patients by PowerMag at baseline and 2 weeks after starting first dose of chemotherapy. CTCs enumeration was then performed by immunofluorescence staining using the anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody. Tumor response at 12 weeks after chemotherapy of the whole cohort was monitored by computed tomography (CT) scans following RECIST criteria 1.0. Our data revealed that PowerMag is a cost-effective negative selection-based CTCs isolation platform with a CTCs detection rate of 89.4% (42/47). The CTCs counts could successfully differ mCRC patients from healthy donors (P = 0.0015). The higher baseline CTCs number was associated with initially metastatic status rather than recurrent settings (P = 0.042). In all assessable patients, a high correlation rate of 86.7% was found between changes of CTCs (decline or elevation) and CT responses (progressive disease, and partial response/stable disease) with a P value of 0.005 (Fisher exact test). These data indicate that the change of CTCs counts before and during treatment is in accord with the image response evaluation at 12 weeks after initiation of treatment. In conclusion, PowerMag is a cost-effective method for negative selection of CTCs from cancer patients. Moreover, comparison of CTCs counts before and during treatment is a useful predictor for disease progression of mCRC patients that warrants further investigation in large-scale validation trial. Citation Format: Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh, Hung-Chih Lin, Hung-Chih Hsu, John Wen-Cheng Chang, Ching-Ping Tseng. Circulating tumor cells enriched by the negative selection system PowerMag is a useful predictor for treatment response of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4817. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4817
THE DUTY OF THE GOVERNMENT IN THE PREVENTION OF TUBERCULOSIS.Read in the Section of State Medicine, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May 5, 1891.
Authors: LAWRENCE F. FLICK
Journal: JAMA (1891)

We read in the Declaration of Independence of the United States, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men" . . . . All governments, indeed, which have been constituted upon the principles laid down in the great Magna Charta, have, as one of their foremost duties, the preservation of the lives and health of the people. The Common Law of England sums up the rights of individuals under three principal articles; namely: "the right of personal security, the right of personal liberty, and the right of private property;" and defines the right of personai security to consist, "in a person's legal right and uninterrupted enjoyment of his life, his limbs, his health,
TLR9 independent interferon α production by neutrophils on NETosis in response to circulating chromatin, a key lupus autoantigen
Authors: Dennis Lindau, Julie Mussard, Armin Rabsteyn, Matthieu Ribon, Ina Kötter, Annette Igney, Gosse J Adema, Marie-Christophe Boissier, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Patrice Decker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Interferon (IFN) α is a key immunoregulatory cytokine secreted by activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) that constitute less than 1% of leucocytes. IFNα plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Nevertheless, the natural IFNα inducers in SLE as well as the different IFNα secreting cell types are only partially characterised. <h3>Methods</h3> Chromatin was purified from calf thymus. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), neutrophils and mouse bone marrow neutrophils were purified and cultured with different stimuli. IFNα production was estimated by flow cytometry, ELISA and a bioassay, and gene expression by quantitative real time PCR. Neutrophil activation and NETosis were analysed by flow cytometry, ELISA and confocal microscopy. <h3>Results</h3> Neutrophils produced a bioactive IFNα on stimulation with purified chromatin. IFNα secretion was observed with steady state neutrophils purified from 56 independent healthy individuals and autoimmune patients in response to free chromatin and not chromatin containing immune complexes. Chromatin induced IFNα secretion occurred independently of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Neutrophil priming by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor or IFNα was not necessary but PBMC sustained IFNα secretion by neutrophils. PDC were 27 times more efficient than neutrophils but blood neutrophils were 100 times more frequent than PDC. Finally, neutrophil activation by chromatin was associated with NETosis and DNA sensor upregulation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Neutrophils have the capability of producing IFNα on selective triggering, and we identified a natural lupus stimulus involved, unveiling a new mechanism involved in SLE. Neutrophils represent another important source of IFNα and important targets for future therapies aimed at influencing IFNα levels.
Arrangement of the respiratory burst oxidase in the plasma membrane of the neutrophil.
Authors: G L Babior, R E Rosin, B J McMurrich, W A Peters, B M Babior
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Evidence was obtained regarding the way the O-2-forming NADPH oxidase of human neutrophils is arranged within the plasma membrane. O-2 production by particles from zymosan-activated human neutrophils rose two- to threefold when the particles were assayed in the presence of appropriate concentrations of Triton X-100. The portion of activity revealed by the detergent was not affected by treating the particles with trypsin or with p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate, a nonpenetrating sulfhydryl reagent, but the activity detectable in the absence of detergent was abolished by these treatments. O-2 production by phagocytic vesicles was not augmented by detergent, and was almost entirely eliminated by tryptic digestion of the vesicles regardless of whether or not detergent was present during the assay. These results suggest that the O-2-forming oxidase is embedded in the plasma membrane with a portion extending into the cytoplasm and the rest buried in the lipid bilayer. It is proposed that the pyridine nucleotide-binding site is located on the cytoplasmic extension and the oxygen binding site is on the intramembranous portion of the enzyme.
Guanethidine in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: C. P. Lowther, R. W. D. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Blood-pressures and measures of body build were recorded from three Javanese villages where there was.general undernutrition.Rice was the staple foodstuff in one, and cassava in two; protein intakes were appreciably better in the former.Blood-pressure levels were similar in each village.Systolic pressures (but net diastolic) were low compared with other populations and systolic pressures rose with age.In these undernourished subjects, protein deficiency does not seem to be the cause of lowered systolic pressure, and low calorie and protein intakes do not prevent rising systolic pressures with age.
Myopotential inhibition of unipolar pacemakers.
Authors: D R Ramsdale, R G Charles
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Etude du diagnostic de cette complication chez 16 malades porteurs de stimulateurs de type unipolaire «a la demande», presentant des vertiges et syncopes. Le traitement peut etre base sur la suppression des mouvements provoquant l'inhibition (mouvements des bras impliquant le grand pectoral) ou sur la modification de la programmation du stimulateur
Points: Guide wire manipulation of Crosby jejunal biopsy capsule
Authors: J. C Dearlove
Journal: BMJ (1984)

which is more likely to be detrusor inhibition mediated at the level of the sacral cord "bladder centre."Further research is indicated to assess the interaction of both limbs of the autonomic nervous system with the various peptidergic systems in the control of lower urinary tract function to evaluate their future therapeutic importance.
Apoptosis in chronic hibernating myocardium: sleeping to death?
Authors: G Dispersyn
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Is the 'smart heart' smart enough? Since the introduction of the term 'hibernating myocardium', this has been referred to as the 'smart heart', however more recently several publications have suggested that cell death accompanies the hibernation process, so that revascularisation of patients with hibernating myocardium should be performed without delay. Other data, however, point to cellular dedifferentiation instead of cellular degeneration, which means that cardiac hibernation is an adaptive mechanism capable of preserving the myocardial viability for a prolonged period. In an attempt to find an answer to the above-mentioned question, this review summarises and discusses the findings in this field, also giving attention to possible explanations for the discrepant findings.
Non-Invasive Detection of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block Using 64-Slice Computed Tomography
Authors: Saïd Ghostine, Christophe Caussin, Béatrice Daoud, Michel Habis, Eric Perrier, David Pesenti-Rossi, Anne Sigal-Cinqualbre, Claude-Yves Angel, Bernard Lancelin, André Capderou, Jean-François Paul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Potential of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for scanning of ?-thalassemia mutations in India
Authors: A.C. Gorakshakar, A.R. Pawar, A.H. Nadkarni, C.Y. Lu, D. Mohanty, R. Krishnamoorthy, C. Besmond, R.B. Colah
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Over the last few years, substantial progress has been made in developing strategies for the detection and characterization of various mutations causing β-thalassemia. The Indian population comprises of numerous endogamous caste groups and β-thalassemia is seen in almost all of them. Knowledge of the spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations in the population is a prerequisite for successful implementation of a prevention programme. Among the different approaches available today, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) offers a valid technical approach which is applicable for screening of known mutants and polymorphisms as well as in locating regions of DNA bearing unknown mutations. We analysed 356 unrelated β-thalassemia heterozygotes by DGGE and detected 30 anomalous DGGE patterns. Fifteen mutations were characterized after sequencing 25 anomalous patterns. Of these, codon 10(GCC → GCA) is a recently reported novel β-thalassemia mutation while −28(A → G) and codon 121(G → T) are being reported for the first time in the Indian population. HbS and HbE also showed two anomalous DGGE patterns each. Framework (FW) linkage studies showed that four mutations were associated with different β-globin gene frameworks. Linkage of IVSI-5(G → C) and cap site +1 (A → C) to FW2 and 619-bp deletion to FW1 is being observed for the first time. Multiple DGGE patterns corresponding to the same mutation is one of the major drawbacks of this technique. In spite of this, if sufficient preliminary work has been carried out to compile a comprehensive catalogue of DGGE patterns; this is a powerful approach to characterize the mutation or to localize a small region of DNA in the case of rarer mutations. Am. J. Hematol. 61:120–125, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PSRO Today: A Lawyer's Assessment
Authors: David E. Willett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Abstract The stated purpose of the PSRO laws was to provide for a grass-roots quality-control mechanism. If this is the purpose, the present PSRO law presents a number of problems, both in its language and in the manner in which it is being implemented. Defects in the present law are as follows: the absolute and essentially uncontrolled authority of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare; lack of opportunity for public comment or professional scrutiny in the implementation of the law, so that policy development and implementation becomes a secret process; use of the contracting process as the exclusive vehicle for policy making and implementation; the setting of time constraints that are wholly inadequate for reasoned activity; and the launching of PSRO's without adequate preparation by other agencies and entities that are an essential part of the PSRO environment. If uncorrected, these circumstances may lead to centralized PSRO administration, minimizing "grass-roots" contribution to quality review. (N Engl J Med 292:340–343, 1975)
Pyogaseous infection in pregnancy.
Authors: M T Kolawole, E O Akande
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Advances in therapy have made gas gangrene in pregnancy rare.We report here one case in intrauterine pregnancy and four cases of gas gangrene of the fetus in extrauterine pregnancy.Gas gangrene in extrauterine pregnancy is extremely rare. Case 1The patient, a 24-year-old nullipara, had an uneventful pregnancy until near term, when fetal movements ceased and intrauterine death was diagnosed.Two weeks later a forewater amniotomy was performed to induce labour.Two days later she developed pyrexia and was treated with penicillin and streptomycin.The next day, since labour had not yet started, an intravenous infusion of Synto- cinon (synthetic oxytocin) was begun.The pyrexia increased and severe oliguria developed.On admission to the University College Hospital, Ibadan, she was very ill with toxaemia and shock.There was a fine crepitus all over the uterus.No free fluid was detected on abdominal examination.There was a foul-smelling, frothy vaginal discharge but no vaginal bleeding.The cervix admitted only the tip of one finger.......
Transcutaneous pCO2 monitoring of newborn infants in shock at electrode temperatures of 41°C to 44°C
Authors: H. T. Versmold, I. Brünstler, A. Enders, U. Graubner, M. Kopecky, J. Schulteß, C. Sengespeik, C. Wittermann, U. Zimmer
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1981)
Localization in Clinical Neurology
Authors: Louis R. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Neurology differs from other medical specialties in its emphasis (some might call it a preoccupation or obsession) on anatomy. Neurologists and neurosurgeons have difficulty convincing other physicians that knowing the exact location of a lesion is an important and necessary step in understanding what caused the lesion, what the symptoms and clinical problems are likely to be, and what treatment could or should be given. Anatomic localization is often critical in the care of patients with lesions of either the central or peripheral nervous systems.  Some radiologists and other specialists would have us believe that neuroimaging tests such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging will make clinical localization obsolete. The opposite has proved to be true, since the most perfect cranial imaging tests will not show the nature of a spinal cord problem, and clinical localization is clearly necessary to decide when and which investigations are needed and in
Drug industry told to disclose details of doctors' events
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An Australian government regulator has approved a drug industry self regulatory code of conduct on marketing—but only on condition that member companies publicly disclose details of hospitality provided to doctors at medical education events.

Medicines Australia, the main drug industry body, applied for authorisation of a slightly amended version of its current code of conduct. After reviewing submissions from medical groups, consumers, and the industry, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, which is charged with protecting consumer interests, stated that it doubted that “the code is effectively enforced.” The commission also …
Frequency of EGFR and KRAS Mutations in Japanese Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma with Features of the Mucinous Subtype of Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma
Authors: Akito Hata, Nobuyuki Katakami, Shiro Fujita, Reiko Kaji, Yukihiro Imai, Yutaka Takahashi, Takashi Nishimura, Keisuke Tomii, Kyosuke Ishihara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
DYSENTERY.A REPORT OF SEVERAL CASES IN WHICH BACILLUS DYSENTERIÆ (SHIGA) WAS FOUND IN WASHINGTON, D. C.
Authors: LOUISE TAYLER-JONES
Journal: JAMA (1904)

With the idea of obtaining some knowledge, profitable at least to myself, and of passing the summer with some interesting problem, I undertook to find out last summer if the<i>Bacillus dysenteriœ</i>(Shiga) is to be found in Washington.<sup>1</sup>At first the plan was to confine the work to infants, but as such cases proved hard to obtain, and as others presented themselves, this report includes not only babies, but also adults with a history of residence in Washington, and others—soldiers lately returned from the Philippines. <h3>MATERIAL.</h3> A few words regarding the material Washington afforded last summer may not be amiss. I was assured by both the medical profession and the laity that dysentery would be plentiful; that there were always innumerable cases during July and August, and that the dispensaries were overrun with them. It was said that the hot weather would develop the cases quickly, but