tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic fingerprinting in the identification of biomarkers in COPD patients
Authors: Felipe Villar-Álvarez, Antonia García-Fernández, Alessia Ferrarini, Julio Gómez-Seco, Marcel Rodríguez-Guzmán, Jesús Ruiz-Cabello, Coral Barbas-Arribas, Germán Peces-Barba
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

INTRODUCTION:  Metabolomics fingerprinting is able to achieve the identification of novel biomarkers the comprehensive characterization of the entire metabolome of a disease. The main objective is to use it to understand the pathological basis underlying COPD and its relationship to the severity and phenotypic characteristics.  METHODS:  Observational case-control study involving COPD patients and controls without COPD or cardiovascular history. COPD patients were grouped in chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and at different stages of GOLD. Different platforms are required to capture all metabolites in one sample of plasma and separation techniques such as gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-Q-MS).  RESULTS:  This study involved 48 participants; 32 COPD patients (22 men, 10 women) and 20 healthy controls (7 men, 9 women). Mean age: 58,3 and 56,6 respectively. Mean FEV1 value was 64,3%. We can not establish significant differences between COPD and controls in the total population. In women, we can differentiate COPD from the controls by metabolites such as glycolic acid, although its origin is uncertain and could be related to medication. This metabolite, in women, also helps to differentiate emphysema (and smokers) from controls, emphysema and chronic bronchitis from controls and smokers from non smokers. With oxalic acid we can differentiate chronic bronchitis (and smokers) from controls in women, and emphysema from chronic bronchitis in men with COPD (and former smokers). Besides, in this last group, we can differentiate GOLD I from GOLD II with myristic acid.  CONCLUSION:  Using metabolomic fingerprinting in plasma we could identify markers and differentiate phenotypes and early stages in COPD.
The use of Raman spectroscopy in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of human- and animal-related clonal lineages
Authors: M.W.H. Wulf, D. Willemse-Erix, C.M. Verduin, G. Puppels, A. van Belkum, K. Maquelin
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Targets, Trials, and Travails in Pancreas Cancer
Authors: Kamel Izeradjene, Sunil R. Hingorani
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2007)

Pancreas cancer is a highly aggressive and rapidly fatal disease. The current standard of care for advanced disease improves survival modestly at best and provides palliation for a minority of patients. The need for new therapies is undisputed. This article describes new therapeutic strategies currently under investigation and discusses possible reasons that others have failed. New potential targets in the treatment of this formidable disease are suggested based on recent findings.
Relationship between aldosterone and the metabolic syndrome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: Effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment
Authors: Antonia Barceló, Mónica de la Peña, Javier Piérola, Cristina Esquinas, Meritxell Arqué, Alberto Alonso-Fernández, Josep Miquel Bauçà, Juan Robles, Bernardino Barceló, Ferran Barbé
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) occurs frequently in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized that aldosterone levels are elevated in OSA and associated with the presence of MS.  Methods: We studied 66 patients with OSA (33 with MS and 33 without MS) and 35 controls. The occurrence of the MS was analyzed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) clinical criteria. Measurements of plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, aldosterone:PRA ratio, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were obtained at baseline and after CPAP treatment.  Results: Aldosterone levels were associated to severity of OSA and higher than controls (p= 0.046). Significant differences in aldosterone levels were detected between OSA patients with and without MS (p= 0.041). A significant reduction was observed in the levels of aldosterone in patients under CPAP treatment (p=0.012).  Conclusion: This study shows that aldosterone levels are elevated in OSA in comparison to controls, and that CPAP therapy reduces aldosterone levels. It also suggests that aldosterone excess may predispose or aggravate the development of metabolic syndrome in patients with OSA and could be an additional risk factor in the metabolic and cardiovascular complications of OSA patients.
Quantitative real-time PCR and the (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan assay for differentiation between Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and colonization
Authors: Y. Matsumura, Y. Ito, Y. Iinuma, K. Yasuma, M. Yamamoto, A. Matsushima, M. Nagao, S. Takakura, S. Ichiyama
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
The Effectiveness of Low Dose Slow Release Aspirin as an Antiplatelet Agent
Authors: J S Budd, K Allen, A Walsh, P R F Bell
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1993)

An open, randomized, parallel group study of three different aspirin preparations was carried out. The objective of this study was to compare their ability to inhibit the production of thromboxane A 2 (measured as thromboxane B 2 [TXB 2 ]) from platelets. Three aspirin preparations were studied: Acetard® 300 mg, Acetard® 100 mg and Platet® 100 mg. The study was conducted in 45 healthy adult volunteers and treatment continued once daily for 7 days. The results of the TXB 2 assay show that the administration of all three treatment preparations produced a rapid drop in TXB 2 levels of all volunteers. The baseline TXB 2 level was reduced by 95% for all groups by day 3. Analysis by day showed a significant difference ( P&lt;0.05) between treatments at day 1, with Acetard® 100 mg having higher TXB 2 levels than the other two groups. Analysis of changes from baseline showed a significant reduction ( P&lt;0.05) in TXB 2 levels at Days 1 to 14 for all three groups. Platelet aggregation also showed a significant reduction, being reduced to 10% of control at 7 days. It then reverted back to baseline by 28 days for all treatment groups. In conclusion, low dose aspirin is very effective as an antiplatelet agent and in a slow release form loses none of its patency.
The Management of Patients With Stage IIIA Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer With N2 Mediastinal Node Involvement
Authors: Renato G. Martins, Thomas A. D’Amico, Billy W. Loo, Mary Pinder-Schenck, Hossein Borghaei, Jamie E. Chaft, Apar Kishor P. Ganti, Feng-Ming (Spring) Kong, Mark G. Kris, Inga T. Lennes, Douglas E. Wood
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

Patients with stage IIIA non–small cell lung cancer, determined based on involvement of ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes, represent the most challenging management problem in this disease. Patients with this stage disease may have very different degrees of lymph node involvement. The pathologic confirmation of this involvement is a key step in the therapeutic decision. The difference in the degree of lymph node compromise has prognostic and treatment implications. Based on multiple considerations, patients can be treated with induction chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery, or definitive chemoradiotherapy without surgery. Data derived from clinical trials have provided incomplete guidance for physicians and their patients. The best therapeutic plan is achieved through the multidisciplinary cooperation of a team specialized in lung cancer.
Abstract 14163: Ejection Fraction as a Predictor of Sudden Cardiac Death in Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Darren S Sidney, James A Merriam, William W Brabham, Michael L Bernard, Richard N Vest, Frank A Cuoco, J L Sturdivant, Robert B Leman, J M Wharton, Michael R Gold
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) is a strong predictor of sudden cardiac death in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. However, the clinical predictors of mortality ...
Exploratory phase II efficacy study of MORAb-003, a monoclonal antibody against folate receptor alpha, in platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer in first relapse
Authors: D. K. Armstrong, A. Bicher, R. L. Coleman, D. G. Gibbon, D. Glenn, L. Old, N. N. Senzer, A. Schneeweiss, R. H. Verheijen, A. J. White, S. Weil
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

5500 Background: Folate receptor alpha (FRA) is over-expressed in the majority of epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) but largely absent from normal tissue. MORAb-003 is a humanized monoclonal antibody to FRA. Binding of MORAb-003 to FRA blocks phosphorylation by Lyn kinase; mediates FRA-expressing tumor cell killing; and suppresses tumor growth in xenograft models. A phase 1 study of single agent (SA) MORAb-003 showed no significant AEs and suggested efficacy in platinum-resistant EOC. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of MORAb-003 as a SA, or with platinum and taxane (P/T) in recurrent, platinum-sensitive EOC. Methods: Subjects with platinum sensitive EOC in first relapse are eligible. For CA-125 elevation without symptoms (± measurable disease) the subject receives SA MORAb- 003 until progression. For symptomatic relapse or progression with SA the subject receives P/T and MORAb-003. Subjects with CR or PR receive SA MORAb-003 maintenance therapy. Results: 52 subjects have enrolled. Few drug-related adverse events have been reported with MORAb-003 alone or MORAb-003 with P/T. In subjects receiving MORAb-003 with P/T, CA-125 has normalized in 58% after 2 cycles, 88% completing 4 cycles and 100% of subjects completing 6 cycles. RECIST scores improved in parallel. Historically only 35–55% of patients treated with chemotherapy alone achieve a second remission. To date, 3/8 evaluable subjects have achieved a second remission longer than the first; 26 additional subjects are being observed for this endpoint on therapy. Subjects on SA MORAb-003 have shown transient responses of CA-125, but not complete normalization. Conclusions: MORAb-003 with P/T significantly increases ORR compared to historic data for P/T alone, and increases the duration of second compared to first remission Based on these data, additional studies of MORAb- 003 with chemotherapy in platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant EOC are planned. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Morphotek Morphotek Morphotek
Abstract 16703: p62 is Required for Pre-Amyloid Oligomer Formation in CryABR120G Hearts.
Authors: Scott Pattison, Jeffrey Robbins
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Increasing evidence suggests misfolded proteins can cause cardiac disease and heart failure. Several cardiomyopathies, including the CryABR120G model of desmin-related cardiomyopathy,...
MicroRNA profiling of breast cancer using a novel Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) based microarray
Authors: Thomas Litman, Jens Eriksen, Inge M. Svane, Henrik Flyger, Eva Balslev
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A34  Abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer implies that these small ~22-nucleotide molecules play a role in oncogenesis, and therefore may comprise a novel class of diagnostic and prognostic signatures. Here, we are studying the global expression profiles of miRNAs in breast cancer and normal adjacent tissue in order to identify possible new biomarkers for breast cancer.Recently, we have developed a novel microarray platform for detection of miRNA based on locked nucleic acid (LNA) modified capture probes [1]. The physical properties of LNA were exploited to design capture probes for uniform, high-affinity hybridizations yielding highly accurate and reproducible signals. The high specificity and sensitivity of the LNA capture probes eliminates the need for microRNA enrichment of the sample, allowing the use of very small amounts (1 μg) of total RNA directly for hybridization.Our analysis of miRNA expression patterns from tumor and normal breast tissue revealed numerous differentially expressed miRNAs, including those previously reported to be associated with breast cancer, such as let-7a/d/f, miR-125a/b, miR-21, miR-32, and miR-136 [2]. In addition, we have identified several miRNAs that have not previously been connected with breast cancer. Some of these novel miRNA signatures could have diagnostic and prognostic potential for breast cancer patients.References:1. Castoldi et al. RNA 2006; 12: 913.2. Iorio et al. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 7065.
Abstract P411: Who Uses Multivitamins? A Cross-sectional Study in the Physicians’ Health Study
Authors: Susanne Rautiainen, John M Gaziano, Howard D Sesso
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background Multivitamins are the most commonly taken supplements by US adults. We sought to examine the prevalence of self-reported multivitamin use in the Physicians’ Health Study (PHS) cohort and...
Epidemiologic Study of Drinking Water Chlorination and Wisconsin Female Cancer Mortality&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T B Young, M S Kanarek, A A Tsiatis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The association between gastrointestinal, urinary tract, brain, lung, and breast cancer mortality and drinking water trihalomethane exposure, as estimated by average daily chlorine dosage of water source 20 years past, was investigated for Wisconsin white females by use of a death certificate-based case-control study design. A total of 8,029 cancer deaths and 8,029 controls (noncancer deaths) matched on county of residence, year of death, and age were taken from mortality records of 28 counties for the years 1972-77. Data on characteristics and treatment of municipal water supplied to the residences of cases and controls were obtained from questionnaires sent to the water superintendents of the 202 waterworks associated with the sample. By the use of logistic regression analysis, odds ratios for site-specific cancer death associated with high, medium, and low chlorine-dosed water as compared to unchlorinated water exposure were determined; the control variables were urbanicity, marital status, and occupation. With the exception of cancer of the colon, no anatomic cancer site was significantly associated with any chlorine dose exposure category. For colon cancer, odds ratios of 1.51 [95% confidence interval (Cl) = 1.06-2.14], 1.53 (95% Cl=1.08-2.00, and 1.53 (95% Cl-1.11-2.11) were obtained for high-, medium-, and low-dose chlorination, respectively (P less than or equal to 0.02). For colon cancer cases and controls exposed to water sources affected by rural runoff, odds ratios of 3.30 (95% Cl=1.45-7.47), 3.60 (95% Cl=1.57-8.26), and 2.74 (95% Cl=1.10-6.88) were observed for high, medium, and low chlorine dosages 20 years past (P less than or equal to 0.025).
Novel approaches to the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections
Authors: G Kallenius, SE Hoffner, H Miorner, SB Svenson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, and Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, and Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. *Correspondence: G. Kallenius, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, S-105 21, Stockholm, Sweden The methods available for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and other mycobacterial infections are under rapid development. We briefly review the present and the possible future laboratory tools for the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections.
Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with minocycline therapy: a possible cause
Authors: D Piperno, C Donne, R Loire, JF Cordier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

We report the case of a woman who presented with dyspnoea whilst taking minocycline for acne. Imaging features of bilateral patchy alveolar opacities suggested a diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, which was confirmed by lung biopsy. The patient improved, partially, after stopping minocycline, and then completely on treatment with corticosteroids, without relapse when these where stopped 8 weeks later.
Determination of critical threshold value of SPO2/FiO2 ratio in the diagnosis of acute lung injury
Authors: Rhea Louela Jusi, Encarnita Limpin, Rommel Bayot, Teresita De Guia, Fernando Ayuyao
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The determination of the critical threshold of S/F ratio for ALI/ARDS was conducted and evaluated. Corresponding measurements of PF and SF ratio was obtained from 106 intubated patients with the diagnosis of Respiratory Failure Type I, non cardiogenic(ALI) admitted in the intensive care units of Philippine Heart Center from June 2008 to December 2011. A Linear Regression Model [S/F = 29.6 + 1.09(P/F); p  2  correlates with PF ratio (r=0.604) indicate a consistent agreement between that S/F and P/F ratios. The SF ratio threshold of 248 (corresponding to P/F ≤ 200) yielded a sensitivity of 100% and specificity value of 96.23% with a likelihood ratio of 26.5 (95%CI: 6.80 – 103.20) for ARDS, while S/F ratio threshold of 357 (corresponding to P/F ≤ 300) had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 98.19%, respectively with likelihood ratio of 66.23 (95%CI: 18.7 – 283.8) for ALI .  The high correlation between the SF and PF ratio and critical as well as the consistent relationships between ROC AUC and inverse FiO 2  vs. PF ratio, excellent sensitivity and very satisfactory specificity for ARDS and ALI indicate that the threshold SF ratio of 248 and 357 for PF ratio of 200 and 300 can measure and discriminate ARDS and ALI among critically ill Filipino patients.
Immunologic biomarkers and lung injury in active pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Renata Baez-Saldana, Veronica Gonzalez-Lopez, Ricardo Lascurain-Ledezma, Patricia Gorocica-Rosete, Raul Castro-Perez, Araceli Santillan-Martinez, Yair Chavarria-Castro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction

The role of inflammatory biomarkers in lung injury of pulmonary tuberculosis has not been fully understood.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between levels of expression of immunologic biomarkers and lung injury, evaluated by the extent of radiographic abnormalities in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods

Eighty one patients were enrolled. We measure serum levels of C reactive protein (CRP), albumin and other inflammatory biomarkers, and level of expression of intracelullar cytokines: IFNg, TNFa, IL-10, IL-12. Lung injury was evaluated by the extent of radiographic abnormalities and quantified by a validated score. Regression and correlation tests was used to quantify associations between biomarkers and the scoring of lung injury.

Results

View this table:

Table 1. Relationship between immunologic biomarkers and the degree of lung injury assessed by scoring of radiographic abnormalities in eighty one patients





Conclusions

The biomarkers (CRP, albumin and white blood cells) associated with lung injury in this work, provide new insights for understanding tuberculosis disease and a platform for future investigation to design optimal interventions in order to decrease lung injury in tuberculosis.
Loss of orphan G protein coupled receptor GPRC5A is associated with metastatic disease and poor survival in patients with adenocarcinomas of the lung
Authors: Jan K. Hennigs, Sarah Minner, Julia Müller, Hans Jörg Baumann, Carsten Bokemeyer, Guido Sauter, Hans Klose
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Orphan G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) 5A from the group C of GPCRs (GPRC5A) has recently been suggested to be a tumor suppressor of lung cancers. First results from knockout mice and human RNA analyses implied an association with adenocarcinomas and poor survival. The aim of the present study was to identify prevalence and clinical significance of GPRC5A protein expression in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC).   Materials and methods:  GPRC5A protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray containing samples from more than 2,000 lung cancer patients with clinical follow-up data (Mean: 35.2±34.2 months).   Results:  GPRC5A expression was absent in 298 (17.4%) of approximately 1,700 analyzable NSCLC (n=792 squamous cell carcinomas, n=471 adenocarcinomas, n=309 large cell carcinomas and n=96 other NSCLC). 41% of all analyzed NSCLC showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic and membranous GPRC5A staining. Staining intensities were inversely correlated with high tumor cell proliferation (p   Conclusions:  Loss of GPRC5A is linked to high tumor cell proliferation in NSCLC. In adenocarcinomas of the lung, it is not very frequent but is strongly associated with metastatic disease and poor prognosis. Therefore, GPRC5A expression seems to be an important prognostic factor.
Enhancement by Retinyl Acetate of Hormone-Induced Mammary Tumorigenesis in Female GR/A Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C W Welsch, M Goodrich-Smith, C K Brown, N Crowe
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Feeding of retinyl acetate (82 mg/kg ration) for 13-16 weeks to estrone- and progesterone-treated nulliparous and multiparous inbred GR/A mice resulted in a substantial increase in the incidence of mammary carcinomas. Mammary carcinoma incidence in nulliparous control and retinoid-fed mice in experiment #1 was 22/65 (34%) and 37/65 (57%) (P less than 0.05), respectively; in experiment #2, 27/48 (56%) and 37/48 (77%) (P less than 0.05), respectively. Mammary carcinoma incidence in multiparous control and retinoid-fed mice in experiment #1 was 13/30 (43%) and 23/30 (77%) (P less than 0.05), respectively; in experiment #2, 19/19 (100%) and 19/19 (100%), respectively. The purported chemopreventive activities of retinyl acetate in murine mammary tumorigenesis were not demonstrated in this study; indeed, the vitamin A analog appeared to enhance this oncogenic process in the steroid hormone-treated GR mouse mammary cancer model.
Inhaled iloprost did not influence cytokines levels in patients with different forms of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Valeriy Bystrov, Tamila Martynyuk, Olga Arhipova, Valeriy Masenko, Irina Chasova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The aim: to study effect of 12wk therapy with inhaled iloprost in pts with pulmonary hypertension (PH) on functional status, Echo parameters, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) and concentration of interleukins-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).  Methods: In study we included 9 pts (aged 44,89±13,03 yrs) with selected forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension(n=6), chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension(n=3). Inclusion criteria: functional class III-IV, distance in the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) 90 mm Hg. On top of background therapy inhaled iloprost was started in daily dose of 45mg (5 mg X 9times per day). Iloprost was delivered using vibrating-technology nebulizer (Micro AIR® U22, OMRON). 6MWT with Borg index assessment, transthoracic Echo, IL-6, IL-1β (by immunoenzyme method with Bender MedSystems, Austria) serum levels were analyzed at baseline, at wk2 and wk12 visits.  Results: The percentage an increase in distance 6MWT at baseline (375m [316,3-395,0]) and wk 12 (403,0[278-475,5]) was 10 percent(p=0,465). After 12wk was decreased SPAP, as evidenced by Doppler EchoCG (100,0 mmHg[99,00-117,50] versus 96,50 mmHg[85,25-114,50], p=0,028); right ventricular outflow tract proximal (RVOT-Prox) assessed by Echo before and after inhalation was 4,00 cm[3,50-5,00] and 3,50 cm[2,75-4,00] respectively (p=0,046). Levels of IL-6, IL-1β didn’t differ significantly from baseline.  Conclusions: Inhaled iloprost to wk 12 did not influence IL-6, IL-1β levels.12wk treatment with iloprost resulted in some tendency of 6MWT distance increase, significant SPAP decrease leading to RVOT-Prox reduction.