tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Reply
Authors: Daniel J. Safer
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —What follows is a sequential, point-by-point response to concerns about the "subtextual implications" of our study raised by Drs Vatz and Weinberg. The anti-Ritalin campaign of 1987 through 1989 was fueled primarily by the Church of Scientology.<sup>1,2</sup>Dr Barkley<sup>3</sup>reported that Church of Scientology "propaganda" claimed that "Ritalin was a dangerous and addictive drug often used as a chemical straitjacket to subdue normally exuberant children because of intolerant educators, parents, and money hungry psychiatrists." Dr Barkley, a child psychologist and behaviorist, concluded that these media statements against Ritalin were "dramatic, exaggerated, and unfounded."<sup>3</sup>Bass, a science reporter for the Boston<i>Globe</i>, referring also to the media blitz, noted in 1988 that "in newspapers, television, and radio accounts, Ritalin is often depicted as a dangerous drug being forced on millions of innocent children."<sup>2</sup> Most drug-sensitive hyperactive children did not do well when taken off stimulant
Working with adult survivors of child sexual abuse.
Authors: J H Howie
Journal: BMJ (1993)

colour and raised) tend to respond poorly to pulsed dye lasers: better and more rapid responses can often be achieved with alternative lasers such as the frequency doubled neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet laser in conjunction with an automated delivery system.Deeper cavernous areas or hyper- trophic tissue may require more non-specifically destructive treatment such as neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet or carbon dioxide lasers to improve their appearance.None of these alternative treatments rule out subsequent treatment of residual port wine stain with a pulsed dye laser, and using several different lasers in combination often gives the best results.Mathematical modelling can determine theoretically ideal laser variables for treating port wine stains.This work has made a great contribution to our understanding of the subject, although the structural diversity of port wine stains confounds the best attempts at mathematical modelling and there is no substitute for good clinical assessments and comparisons of different laser systems.Further research needs to be done before Van Gemert and colleagues can be confident in suggesting using pulsed dye lasers as first line treatment for all port wine stains.
Hemoperfusion for Intoxication
Authors: Jonathan A. Lorch, Serafino Garella
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters1 April 1980Hemoperfusion for IntoxicationJONATHAN A. LORCH, M.D., SERAFINO GARELLA, M.D.JONATHAN A. LORCH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SERAFINO GARELLA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-4-573_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We were delighted that Dr. Better and 14 colleagues (1) took the trouble to comment in their letter in the December issue on our article concerning hemoperfusion (2).Unfortunately, science is not very democratic, and increasing numbers of advocates provide no additional validity to any premise. A recent update of our observations (3) brings the total number of patients in our series to 600 and covers 5 consecutive years' experience in a large institution. The observations fail to show that hemoperfusion has any place at present in the treatment of poisoned victims. Our series includes patients with...References1. BETTERGURLANDBRUNNER OHG. Controlled trials of hemoperfusion for intoxication. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:925. Letter. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LORCHGARELLA JS. Hemoperfusion to treat intoxications. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:301-4. LinkGoogle Scholar3. GARELLALORCH SJ. Hemoperfusion for acute intoxications: con. Clin Toxicol. 1980. In press. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rhode Island Hospital Providence, Rhode Island PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByResin Hemoperfusion in the Treatment of Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose 1 April 1980Volume 92, Issue 4Page: 573-574KeywordsHemoperfusionIntoxication Issue Published: 1 April 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Skin ageing and immune competence
Authors: J. THIVOLET, J. F. NICOLAS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Ageing is associated with impairment of immune function, the most significant changes being a decrease in T-cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated effector functions, and an increase in autoantibodies and other dysregulatory phenomena, such as an abnormal production of monoclonal antibodies and other immune complexes. Elderly subjects are increasingly susceptible to cutaneous pathological changes that are known to correlate with immune deficiencies, such as viral and fungal infections, and skin cancers. Antigenic responses in skin may be an indicator of immune status. The recall antigens elicit fewer delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in the elderly, particularly in subjects over 75 years old. Sensitivity to contact allergens, such as dinitrochlorobenzene, and inflammatory responses and the cutaneous response to histamine are reduced in the elderly. The pathophysiology of deficiencies in the skin's immune system in the elderly is not clear; it probably reflects not only a general decline in the immune system but also more specific changes. Age-related changes in epidermal immune functions have been observed, such as morphological and functional changes in Langerhans cells and decreased production of various cytokines. Evaluation of these changes is difficult and the results may be disputed, but it is probable that sun-induced ageing plays an important role. Few substances seem to be capable of stimulating the immunoactive cells of the skin or of modifying the production of epidermal cytokines. One possibility may be vitamin A and its derivatives, and studies of other molecules such as interferons are being carried out.
951-72 Intravascular Ultrasound Guided Optimized Emergency Coronary Palmaz Schatz Stent Placement without Post Procedural Systemic Anticoagulation
Authors: Rudolf Blasini, Helmut Schühlen, Evelyn Regar, Eva Zitzmann, Ralf Paloncy, Petra Neller, Franz Josef Neumann, Gert Richardt, Claus Schmitt, Albert Schomig, Harald Mudra, Volker Klauss
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The Comparative Birth-Rate and Number of Conceptions in Canterbury at different Periods of the Year
Authors: G. Rigden
Journal: BMJ (1876)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL.69 really to appreciate and to think on subjects of this character.The innate credulity of his nature breaks forth, becomes clamorous, and must be fed: to such a person, the truth would be no more acceptable than the doctrines of the Temperance Society would be to a spirit- drinker, because it would cripple and fetter the exercise of the darling faculty of credulity.To this majority, however, in all ages, have sprung up men willing 'to gratify their tastes, and such men are often rewarded, from the Holloways downwards, by a short cut to practice and reputation, and they become rich; but do you knowv any instance where men of this kind have contributed anything whatsoever to physical science?There- -fore, to persevere in the love and search of truth, despite the many temptations, to deviate from the straiglht and narrow path, we must be prepared by God's help to sacrifice self, and, if need be, fall short of the wealth which the charlatan possesses, with a noble consciousness, however, that we are doing our best, not for self only, but for the ex- tenlsion of science, and, therefore, for our fellow-creatures.
Ipilimumab and fotemustine in patients with advanced melanoma (NIBIT-M1): an open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial
Authors: Anna Maria Di Giacomo, Paolo A Ascierto, Lorenzo Pilla, Mario Santinami, Pier Francesco Ferrucci, Diana Giannarelli, Antonella Marasco, Licia Rivoltini, Ester Simeone, Stefania VL Nicoletti, Ester Fonsatti, Diego Annesi, Paola Queirolo, Alessandro Testori, Ruggero Ridolfi, Giorgio Parmiani, Michele Maio
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Abstract 2291: Arsenic trioxide induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and MAPKinase signaling cascade in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Sanjay Kumar, Clement Yedjou, Paul B. Tchounwou
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has recently been successfully used in the treatment of all-trans retinoic acid resistant relapsing acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients both alone or combination with other drugs. Its use as induction and consolidation therapy has resulted in complete remission rate of both de novo and relapsed APL patients. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of its therapeutic action are poorly known. We have used human leukemia (HL-60) cells as a model to elucidate the anti-cancer properties of arsenic trioxide. We hypothesized that ATO arrests cell cycle progression of HL-60 cells at G1 phase and leading to cell death by intrinsic pathway of apoptotic signaling. To test the hypothesis, we used western blotting, confocal imaging and spectrofluoremetric techniques to identify detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms of ATO action in HL-60 cells. We found that the expression levels of pro-apoptotic molecules (Bax) and cytochrome C were up-regulated, while that of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein was down-regulated at 4 and 6mg/mL ATO doses significantly. We also found that ATO stimulates signaling molecules like P38, JNK in a dose dependent manner in HL-60 cells. Oxidative stress and related imbalance of pro- and anti-apoptotic molecules lead to change of mitochondrial membrane potential and opening of the mitochondrial membrane transition pores. Our confocal imaging data shows a clear translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria and of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol in ATO-treated cells. A dose-dependent decrease/drop-down in mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed in ATO-treated cells, as evidenced by JC-1 leveling and spectrofluoremetric potential recording. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis plays a key role in ATO pharmacology and should be further assessed as a drug target in APL chemotherapy. Citation Format: Sanjay Kumar, Clement Yedjou, Paul B. Tchounwou. Arsenic trioxide induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and MAPKinase signaling cascade in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2291. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2291
Encyclopedia of Medical Syndromes
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1961)

For those who find themselves puzzled from time to time by a curious disease in a strange patient or who, in reading medical reports, encounter some obscure eponymic reference or comment about some little-known syndrome, this book by Robert Durham serves a very useful purpose. There are a great many ways in which a syndrome or symptom complex gets a name. It may be named after the original describer. Sometimes it is simply descriptive, like the "phenobarbital sensitivity syndrome." Sometimes it deals with the structure of the body, like the "phrenic-recurrent laryngeal syndrome." Sometimes it is a fanciful deployment of words, like "turban tumor." Sometimes it describes what is done, as in the "night eating syndrome. Sometimes it has a calendar significance, as "erythema of the ninth day." Sometimes a syndrome describes what is not there, as in the "phantom limb syndrome." Perhaps, though, it is only a sign. The
Surgical treatment of aneurysmal changes in the ascending aorta.
Authors: V O Bjork, L Bjork
Journal: Thorax (1966)

The pioneer work on the surgical treatment of aneurysm of the ascending aorta was performed by Bahnson and Nelson (1956).They emphasized that by aneurysmorrhaphy and narrowing the base of the aorta the aortic insufficiency was relieved at the same time.With an experience of four cases, we consider concomitant aortic in- sufficiency the most important part of this disease. CASE REPORTSCASE 1 A 51-year-old man experienced sudden pain in the chest and neck.The pain radiated along the vertebral column down to the right leg. which was paralysed.The patient lost consciousness.The symp- toms disappeared slowly and he tried to return to work.He then developed cardiac decompensation.
Levels of modeling of mechanisms of visually guided behavior
Authors: Michael A. Arbib
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1987)

Abstract Intermediate constructs are required as bridges between complex behaviors and realistic models of neural circuitry. For cognitive scientists in general, schemas are the appropriate functional units; brain theorists can work with neural layers as units intermediate between structures subserving schemas and small neural circuits. After an account of different levels of analysis, we describe visuomotor coordination in terms of perceptual schemas and motor schemas. The interest of schemas to cognitive science in general is illustrated with the example of perceptual schemas in high-level vision and motor schemas in the control of dextrous hands. Rana computatrix, the computational frog, is introduced to show how one constructs an evolving set of model families to mediate flexible cooperation between theory and experiment. Rana computatrix may be able to do for the study of the organizational principles of neural circuitry what Aplysia has done for the study of subcellular mechanisms of learning. Approach, avoidance, and detour behavior in frogs and toads are analyzed in terms of interacting schemas. Facilitation and prey recognition are implemented as tectal-pretectal interactions, with the tectum modeled by an array of tectal columns. We show how layered neural computation enters into models of stereopsis and how depth schemas may involve the interaction of accommodation and binocular cues in anurans.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia: approaching the horizon
Authors: S. Ewig, E. Müller, E. Hecker
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

entilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) continues to be a disturbing problem in the care of intensive care unit (ICU) patients.Although much progress has been achieved in the past two decades, many issues remain unresolved, and mortality still reaches 30-40% [1,2].In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal, two contributions are devoted to VAP.Although quite divergent in scope, they all reflect the many difficulties researchers must face when approaching this issue.After all, it seems that tremendous efforts have to be made to even recognise how such difficulties could be avoided in future, more sophisticated study designs.The first contribution approaches the question of whether prone positioning reduces the incidence of VAP and its mortality [3].The authors investigated the effect of prone positioning on the incidence of VAP in a large cohort of 2,409 patients admitted over a 9-yr period to 12 French ICUs.They found that prone positioning had no effect on the risk of VAP.Also, they were unable to detect a decrease in mortality, although in patients receiving prone positioning for more than 1 day, mortality may have in fact been reduced.However, mortality was not reduced in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) at admission.
Effect of removal of bullae on airway conductance and conductance volume ratios
Authors: Robert M. Rogers, Arthur B. DuBois, William S. Blakemore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Airway conductance is known to increase with an increase in the lung volume at which it is measured, owing to a change in transpulmonary pressure and lung tissue tension. We investigated the effect of surgical resection of lung tissue on functional residual capacity and airway conductance in patients with localized lung disease (i.e., carcinoma or tuberculosis) and in patients with lung cysts or bullous emphysema. In four out of five of the patients who had resection of one or more lobes of the lung to remove localized disease there was a reduction both in the airway conductance and in the functional residual capacity with relatively little change in the conductance volume ratio. By contrast, in all patients who underwent bullectomy, there was a decrease in functional residual capacity but an increase in airway conductance, and an increase in the conductance/volume ratio. This change was sustained in patients who had had localized cysts removed. However, the measurements gradually reverted toward preoperative values in those patients who had generalized emphysema. The increase in airway conductance after resection of blebs and bullae presumably was due to improved lung elastic pressure causing the airways to increase in diameter and conductance. In addition, some patients may have experienced relief of compression of neighboring airways.
Melatonin and jet lag
Authors: J Waterhouse, T Reilly, G Atkinson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1998)

<h3>Objective</h3> Investigative studies report contradictory results of the relationship between serum lipid levels and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective published studies to clarify the relationship between serum lipid and CRC risk. <h3>Design</h3> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <h3>Data Sources</h3> PubMed and Embase from inception until December 2020. <h3>Eligibility criteria</h3> We considered prospective cohort and case–control studies that evaluated differences in serum lipid levels with the risk of developing CRC. <h3>Data extraction and synthesis</h3> Two independent reviewers screened and included the studies using standardised electronic data extraction forms. The relative risks of the studies were combined with random-effect and fixed-effect models and were analysed for heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-four prospective studies, including 4 224 317 individuals with 29 499 CRC cases, were included in the meta-analysis. The total pooled risk ratio (RR) for high vs low concentrations of triglyceride (TG) concentrations was reported at 1.21 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.34; I<sup>2</sup>=46.8%), total cholesterol (TC) was at 1.15 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.22; I<sup>2</sup>=36.8%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 0.86 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.97; I<sup>2</sup>=28.8%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was observed at 1.03 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.41; I<sup>2</sup>=69.4%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This meta-analysis shows that high levels of serum TG and TC are positively correlated with the incidence rate of CRC, while high levels of serum HDL-C are negatively correlated with CRC incidence rate. Furthermore, no association was found between LDL-C and the risk of developing CRC. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity brought about by comparative methods, demographic differences and pathological differences between the research subjects limits the effectiveness of the overall pooled results.
Organochlorines and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: E. E. Calle, H. Frumkin, S. J. Henley, D. A. Savitz, M. J. Thun
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2002)

Organochlorines are a diverse group of synthetic chemicals that include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and organochlorine pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), lindane, and hexachlorobenzene. Although use of DDT and PCBs has been banned in the United States since the 1970s, some organochlorine compounds have accumulated and persisted within the environment. As a result, measurable amounts can still be found in human tissue. Because some organochlorine compounds act as estrogen agonists or antagonists within in vitro and experimental animal systems, a possible association of breast cancer risk with organochlorine exposure has been hypothesized and investigated. Although a few studies support this hypothesis, the vast majority of epidemiological studies do not. While some of these compounds may have other adverse environmental or health effects, organochlorine exposure is not believed to be causally related to breast cancer. Women concerned about possible organochlorine exposure can be reassured that available evidence does not suggest an association between these chemicals and breast cancer.
NASA Adds Simplified Pole Escape System as Nation Prepares to Launch Shuttle Craft
Authors: Lorraine V. Forte
Journal: JAMA (1988)

AS THE National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) prepares for next month's scheduled launching of the<i>Discovery</i>shuttle craft, officials apparently have chosen the least-complicated solution to the problem of providing at least some means of emergency escape for the astronauts (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:2011). This problem, of course, has received increasing attention since seven crew members perished in the<i>Challenger</i>explosion and plunge into the sea 2 1/2 years ago (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:2009). The solution: a 3.2-m (10.5-ft), 108.5-kg (241-lb) aluminum-and-steel pole designed to let the crew slide clear of the shuttle in an emergency and then (if the altitude is not too great) parachute to safety. The pole was chosen over an alternative extractor-rocket system because it is deemed "safer, simpler to operate,
Recessive Alzheimer Gene?
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2000)

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NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES IN LOW-SALT DIETS
Authors: Frederick M. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The warning of the Council on Foods and Nutrition (<i>J. A. M. A.</i><b>149:</b>1317 [Aug. 2] 1952) against possible nutrient deficiencies was evidently intended to apply only to artificially processed commercial articles offered for approval, but careless reading may give an impression of such dangers in low-salt diets in general. Actually, the warning was thus extended by a speaker before the American Chemical Society in Atlantic City on Sept. 19 and was given publicity in the daily press. However technically correct these statements may be, the effect among average physicians is to magnify the difficulties of this diet and to increase the confusion concerning salt restriction, which is either too lax on the one hand or too risky or onerous on the other hand. I have even seen a panel of experts unable to meet a challenge put to them by Dr. Kempner to show a