tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spectrum and Prognosis of Noninfectious Renal Mixed Cryoglobulinemic GN
Authors: Mohamad Zaidan, Benjamin Terrier, Agnieszka Pozdzik, Thierry Frouget, Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq, Christian Combe, Sébastien Lepreux, Aurélie Hummel, Laure-Hélène Noël, Isabelle Marie, Bruno Legallicier, Arnaud François, Antoine Huart, David Launay, Gilles Kaplanski, Frank Bridoux, Philippe Vanhille, Raifah Makdassi, Jean-François Augusto, Philippe Rouvier, Alexandre Karras, Chantal Jouanneau, Marie-Christine Verpont, Patrice Callard, Fabrice Carrat, Olivier Hermine, Jean-Marc Léger, Xavier Mariette, Patricia Senet, David Saadoun, Pierre Ronco, Isabelle Brochériou, Patrice Cacoub, Emmanuelle Plaisier
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Noninfectious mixed cryoglobulinemic GN (MCGN) has been poorly investigated. We analyzed presentation and outcome of 80 patients with biopsy-proven MCGN, which were identified in the retrospective French CryoVas survey. MCGN was related to primary Sjögren's syndrome in 22.5% of patients and to lymphoproliferative disorders in 28.7% of patients, and was defined as essential in 48.8% of patients. At presentation, hematuria, proteinuria ≥1 g/d, hypertension, and renal failure were observed in 97.4%, 84.8%, 85.3%, and 82.3% of cases, respectively. Mean±eGFR was 39.5±20.4 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) Membranoproliferative GN was the predominant histologic pattern, observed in 89.6% of cases. Renal interstitium inflammatory infiltrates were observed in 50% of cases. First-line treatment consisted of steroids alone (27.6%) or in association with rituximab (21.1%), alkylating agents (36.8%) or a combination of cyclophosphamide and rituximab (10.5%). After a mean follow-up of 49.9±45.5 months, 42.7% of patients relapsed with a renal flare in 75% of cases. At last follow-up, mean eGFR was 50.2±26.1 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)with 9% of patients having reached ESRD; 59% and 50% of patients achieved complete clinical and renal remission, respectively. A rituximab+steroids regimen prevented relapses more effectively than steroids alone or a cyclophosphamide+steroids combination did, but was associated with a higher rate of early death when used as first-line therapy. Severe infections and new-onset B-cell lymphoma occurred in 29.1% and 8.9% of cases, respectively; 24% of patients died. In conclusion, noninfectious MCGN has a poor long-term outcome with severe infections as the main cause of death.
Novel Agents for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Older Patient
Authors: Maria R. Baer, Ivana Gojo
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011)

The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) increases with age, with a median age at diagnosis of 67 years. Older patients have inferior responses to chemotherapy, including not only lower complete remission rates but also short disease-free survival in those who do achieve complete remission. For older patients with a high likelihood of response to chemotherapy, recent data support dose intensification and strong consideration of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. For those unlikely to benefit from chemotherapy because of disease- and/or patient-related factors, novel agents and approaches are being pursued. Agents currently available or under study include the nucleoside analogs clofarabine and sapacitabine, the demethylating agents decitabine and azacitidine, the immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide, and the farnesyl transferase inhibitor tipifarnib. These agents may be administered in the outpatient setting, thus AML in older patients is increasingly becoming an outpatient diagnosis. Additionally, novel agents may prolong survival without inducing complete remissions, and therefore the goals and end points of therapy are also shifting. AML in older patients is a very active current area of investigation.
Genotype-phenotype relationships in a cohort of adult cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: D Hubert, T Bienvenu, N Desmazes-Dufeu, I Fajac, J Lacronique, R Matran, JC Kaplan, DJ Dusser
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

In cystic fibrosis (CF), relationships between genotype and phenotype have been shown for pancreatic status but not for pulmonary disease. One hundred and ten adult CF patients were classified according to the expected effect of their mutations on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein: Group 1 (n=48) included deltaF508 homozygotes; Group 2 (n=26), patients with two "severe" mutations and no expected CFTR production; Group 3 (n=17), patients with expected partly functional CFTR corresponding to at least one "mild" mutation; Group 4 (n=19), patients with no mutation identified or only one identified "severe" mutation. As compared to Groups 1 and 2: patients from Groups 3 and 4 had higher arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2) (9.5+/-1.9 and 9.9+/-1.5 vs 8.8+/-1.5 and 8.3+/-1.7 kPa, respectively p<0.02); and a slower decline in their pulmonary function, estimated by the mean annual loss in forced vital capacity (FVC) (1.2+/-1.0 and 1.5+/-1.1 vs 2.0+/-0.9 and 2.2+/-1.0%, respectively; p<0.01) and in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (1.7+/-1.1 and 1.9+/-1.3 vs 2.6+/-1.0 and 2.8+/-1.0%, respectively; p<0.005). They had fewer episodes of colonization of the airways by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and colonization occurred at a more advanced age (median age 25 and 19 vs 15 and 17 yrs, respectively; p<0.01) and required fewer intravenous antibiotic courses (p<0.01). Pancreatic insufficiency was less frequent in Groups 3 (23%) and 4 (63%) than in Groups 1 (100%) and 2 (96%). This study suggests that the phenotype of adult cystic fibrosis patients, including the severity of the lung disease, is related to the severity of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutations.
Effect of Dietary 18-Carbon Fatty Acids on Growth of Transplantable Mammary Adenocarcinomas in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S Abraham, L A Hillyard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The growth rates of 2 spontaneously developed mammary adenocarcinomas, one in a female C3H mouse and the other in a female BALB/c mouse, were determined after transplantation into isologous female mice fed a specific diet to which various edible fats or pure fatty acids were added. The 18-carbon fatty acids used contained one (oleate), two (linoleate), or three (linolenate and columbinate) double bonds in either the 5, 9, 12, or 15 positions. The transplanted tumors grew to a larger size in C3H mice fed the 10% corn oil diet (with approximately equal to 60% linoleate content) than in those fed the 10% hydrogenated oil diet (without linoleate). The C3H mice fed diets with 1% linoleic acid developed significantly larger tumors than did those fed 1% oleic acid, whereas those fed 1% columbinic acid did not develop significantly heavier tumors compared to 1% oleic acid-fed mice. This finding occurred despite the fact that both oleate and columbinate were taken up and were incorporated into complex lipids by the transplanted tumor and the ratio of monoenoic:dienoic:polyenoic fatty acids in the neoplasms' lipids from columbinate-fed mice was similar to that from linoleate-fed mice. Columbinate, similarly to linoleate, has both 9-cis and 12-cis double bonds, but it also possesses a trans double bond in the 5 position that apparently prevents its conversion to prostaglandins (PG). These results are entirely consistent with the view that production of PG is required for tumor enhancement by dietary polyunsaturated fat. In the experiment with BALB/c mice, tumor growth was stimulated by 1% dietary linoleic acid but not by 1% linolenic acid when compared with that observed with 1% oleic acid. Thus as a result of these new experiments, PG of series 1 or 2 are more likely to be involved in the process of tumor growth enhancement than are PG of series 3.
Medical doctors' knowledge, attitudes and practice patterns in asthma's diagnosis and management in Vietnam
Authors: Phan Thu Phuong, Ngo Quy Chau, Nguyen Thanh Hoi, Vu Van Giap, Chu Thi Hanh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Asthma is serious public health problem in the world. In Vietnam, the prevalence of Asthma is 5% of the general population. Since December 2010, programme for COPD and asthma management is incorporated in the national programme against non communicable diseases.  Objectives: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding to diagnostic and management of asthma among doctors in hospitals of 10 city and provinces in the Northern Vietnam.  Methods: A standardized questionnaire was completed by 461 doctors to seek their knowledge, attitude and practice towards diagnostic and management of asthma before their participation in training course.  Results: Among 461 respondents, there were 66.8% doctors who work in the province/city hospitals and 33.2% doctors in the district hospitals. Majority of doctors did not fully understand the risk factors of the disease; the most important risk factor for asthma were allergen exposure (98.9% of the doctor), followed by respiratory infections (76.7%), changes in temperature/humidity (73.3%), strenuous physical activity (42.6%), food and food additive (6.3%). 38.3% of doctors were not able to cite the correct criteria for classifying severity of disease. Results showed that only 20.6% of doctors guided patients to use the drug delivery devices in the prescription. However, when describing the steps of using drug delivery devices, no doctor described all steps, even with a spray dosing which is very popular instrument in the treatment of Asthma.  Conclusion: Our results revealed that, there is lack of awareness and urgent need for education on diagnostic and management of asthma for Vietnamese doctors.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in COPD patients with exacerbation
Authors: Vasiliki Besa, Kaid Darwiche, Helmut Teschler, Urte Sommerwerck, Isabella Kurth, Thomas Rabis, Jörg Ingo Baumbach, Lutz Freitag
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  COPD exacerbations are events in the natural course of the disease characterised by change in patients9 baseline symptoms which are beyond normal day to day variability and may warrant medical treatment. The early diagnosis and treatment of acute exacerbations is of major importance since they have a given impact on the morbidity, mortality and health care costs associated with COPD.   Objectives:  It is well known that the airway inflammation is enhanced at exacerbations. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected in the exhaled breath of patients with an acute exacerbation of COPD are different from those detected in patients with a stable disease.   Methods:  Breath samples were collected via a side-steam Teflon tube and measured directly by an ion mobility spectrometer coupled to a multi capillary column (MCC/IMS). VOCs were detected and statistically evaluated in order to discriminate COPD patients with an exacerbation from patients with stable disease.   Results:  Thirteen COPD patients with an acute exacerbation, 46 COPD patients with a stable disease as well as 51 healthy subjects were included in the study. Several peaks were found to differentiate in the group of patients with an acute exacerbation compared to the COPD patients with stable disease and with healthy subjects.   Conclusions:  Our data suggest that specific VOCs can be detected in the exhaled breath of COPD patients with an acute exacerbation indicating possibly the enhanced airway inflammation. The identification of VOCs that characterise the acute exacerbations could be used as diagnostic tool for an exacerbation apart from the clinical criteria.
Pleiotropic Phenotype of Cultured Murine Cells Resistant to Maytansine, Vincristine, Colchicine, and Adriamycin23
Authors: Charles D. Aldrich
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

A noncloned subline of 3T3FL cells was developed that was resistant to the toxicity of the ansamycin alkaloid maytansine. Culture of 3T3FL cells with serially increasing concentrations of maytansine resulted in a cell line resistant to maytansine at concentrations 118-fold higher than concentrations cytotoxic for parental cells. Resistant cells (3T3r) exhibited cross-resistance to colchicine, vincristine, adriamycin, and, to a lesser extent, cytochalasin B. Studies of binding and uptake of tritiated colchicine suggested that drug resistance of 3T3r cells might reflect decreased uptake of drug without decreased binding to surface receptors. Murine sarcoma virus transformed 3T3r cells less efficiently than 3T3FL cells.
Management of stage II seminoma.
Authors: P Warde, M Gospodarowicz, T Panzarella, C Catton, J Sturgeon, M Moore, M Jewett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

To assess the results of treatment, patterns of failure, and prognostic factors for relapse in a contemporary cohort of patients with stage II seminoma.From January 1981 and December 1993, 99 patients (median age, 35 years) with stage II seminoma (IIA, 41; IIB, 28; IIC, 24; IID, six) were managed at our institution. Eighty were treated with radiation therapy (RT) and 19 with chemotherapy (ChT).With a median follow-up of 6.7 years, the five-year overall actuarial survival was 94%, the 5-year cause-specific survival was 94%, and the 5-year relapse-free rate was 83%. Sixteen (20%) of the 80 patients treated with RT relapsed (median time to relapse, 9 months). Relapse occurred outside the irradiated area in all but two patients. Distant relapse sites included the supraclavicular fossa, bone (four patients, three with spinal cord compression), and lung/mediastinum. All 19 patients treated primarily with ChT achieved disease control and none has relapsed. The relapse rate at 5 years for patients with stage IIA to IIB was 11% (seven of 64), and 56% (nine of 16) for those with stage IIC to IID disease (P < .0001). No patient with IIC or IID disease treated with ChT relapsed as compared with 56% of patients treated with RT (0 of 14 v nine of 16, P = .002).Radiation therapy is highly effective in patients with stage IIA or IIB seminoma (89% were relapse free). In stage IIC or IID disease, although local control with RT is excellent, a 50% risk of distant relapse is unacceptable, and not all patients who relapse can be salvaged. Chemotherapy should clearly be the primary treatment in patients with stage IIC or IID seminoma.
Persistence of Precursor Cells of Squamous Metaplasia in Preneoplastic Mammary Outgrowth Lines From Mice23
Authors: Frederick V. Schaefer, R. Philip Custer, Sam Sorof
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Journal Article Persistence of Precursor Cells of Squamous Metaplasia in Preneoplastic Mammary Outgrowth Lines From Mice Get access Frederick V. Schaefer, Frederick V. Schaefer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Philip Custer, R. Philip Custer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sam Sorof Sam Sorof Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 72, Issue 1, January 1984, Pages 185–189, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/72.1.185 Published: 01 January 1984 Article history Received: 20 May 1983 Accepted: 08 August 1983 Published: 01 January 1984
Changing prevalence of MDR TB and XDR TB in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Madhav Kale, Parag Khatavkar, Meenakshi Satpute, Nilima Telang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: 

Previous data from our centre showed prevalence of MDR TB and XDR TB to be high (29.85% and 13.28% of MDR TB respectively).1 Since this report in 2008, various guidelines have been published for management of MDR and XDR TB, creating awareness in managing these patients. It will be interesting to know whether this has created an impact in the prevalence of MDR and XDR TB

Aims: 

To assess the prevalence of MDR TB and XDR TB during Nov.2007 to Oct. 2012 and to compare it with prevalence of during April 2004 to Oct. 2007.

Method: 

During the period Nov. 2007 TO Oct. 2012, all samples (pulmonary: Sputum, BAL, and extrapulmonary: lymph node, pleural fluid, CSF etc.) which were culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) were analyzed to assess the prevalence of MDR & XDR TB. Samples were cultured for MTB by radiometric method. (MB/BacT Mycobactrial Detection System). Sensitivity tests were performed by conventional method on L.J. medium.

Results: 

View this table:

Table 1





View this table:

Table 2 : Comparison of prevalence of MDR and XDR TB





Conclusion: 

During last 5 years the prevalence of MDR TB is reduced nearly by third, but that of XDR TB is doubled. This is a worrisome situation for control of tuberculosis in our population.

Reference: 

1. Prevalence of MDR TB and XDR TB in a tertiary care hospital in India: Abstract presented at ERS Annual Congress 2008(No.P2334).
Prospective evaluation of changes in computed cranial tomography in patients with small cell lung carcinoma treated with chemotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation.
Authors: J B Craig, D V Jackson, D Moody, J M Cruz, E K Pope, B L Powell, C L Spurr, R L Capizzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Computed cranial tomographic scans were performed as part of the pretreatment evaluation and at six- to nine-month intervals posttreatment in 13 patients with small cell lung carcinoma. All patients received 3,000 rad of prophylactic cranial irradiation delivered over two weeks in ten treatment fractions in conjunction with multiagent chemotherapy. Posttreatment scans documented an extraordinarily high frequency of abnormalities including cerebral atrophy (100%), ventricular dilatation (70%), and decreased coefficient of absorption in the white matter (15%). Unexplained neurologic abnormalities developed in four of six patients living at least 15 months after institution of therapy. As the number of long-term survivors of this type of lung cancer increases, the need for prospective comprehensive neuropsychologic assessment to determine the clinical significance of these changes is needed.
Respiratory effects in a chamber study of diesel exhaust exposure in healthy volunteers
Authors: Lars Barregard, Yiyi Xu, Jorn Nielsen, Anders Gudmundsson, Aneta Wierzbicka, Anna Axmon, Bo A. Jonsson, Monica Karedal, Maria Albin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background   In previous chamber studies of diesel exhaust exposure by the Umea group, volunteers were exposed to particle mass concentrations (PM) of 300 µg/m 3  for 1 hour. Clear effects were found in bronchial biopsies and BAL, but not in crude lung function tests.   Aim   To examine whether exposure to diesel exhaust at 300 µg/m 3  for 3 hours would cause symptoms, signs and or lung function changes.   Methods   Eighteen healthy subjects were exposed twice to diesel exhaust at 300 µg/m 3 , and twice to clean air ( 3 ), in a double-blind cross-over design, at least one week apart. NO 2  levels were about 1.4 ppm. Before and after exposure medical examination and spirometry were performed. Symptom scores and PEF were assessed before, and after 15, 75, and 135 minutes of exposure. Generalized Estimating Equation models were used to analyze changes from baseline, adjusted for exposure sequence.   Results   Symptom scores for eyes and throat were higher during diesel exhaust exposure than during filtered air after 75 and 135 minutes. Signs of irritation in upper airways were more common after diesel exhaust exposure. PEF increased during filtered air exposure, but decreased during diesel exhaust, with a statistically significant difference after 75 and 135 minutes. There were no such differences for spirometry.   Discussion and Conclusion   Increased symptoms and signs from eyes and upper airways were to be expected, while a decrease of PEF has not been reported previously. Repeated PEF measurements during exposure may be a statistically more powerful design than spirometry before and after exposure. Symptoms, signs, and lung function changes were found at exposure levels much lower than occupational limit values.
Ablation of Rotor and Focal Sources Reduces Late Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation Compared With Trigger Ablation Alone
Authors: Sanjiv M. Narayan, Tina Baykaner, Paul Clopton, Amir Schricker, Gautam G. Lalani, David E. Krummen, Kalyanam Shivkumar, John M. Miller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Parental sun-protective regimens and prevalence of common melanocytic naevi among 7-year-old children in Sweden: changes over a 5-year period
Authors: M.A. Karlsson, C.F. Wahlgren, K. Wiklund, Y. Rodvall
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Common melanocytic naevi and cutaneous malignant melanoma share a common risk profile, influenced by ultraviolet radiation exposure. A high density of common melanocytic naevi correlates with an increased lifetime risk of developing cutaneous malignant melanoma. Effective strategies for sun protection, starting in early childhood, are considered of great importance to reduce the steadily rising melanoma trend.To investigate the 5-year changes in sun tanning habits, sun-protective regimens and density of common melanocytic naevi between two age-standardized populations of children.Population-based cross-sectional study performed among 7-year-old children in southern Sweden in 2002 and 2007. The parents answered a questionnaire and all children were examined by the same, trained research nurse.In total, 1190 children were enrolled: 681 in 2002 and 509 in 2007. The results showed that sun-protective regimens, such as use of sunscreen (+29%), clothing (+30%), staying in the shade (+123%) or indoors (+136%) during peak sun hours, had all increased significantly (P<0·0001). Travelling to sunny seaside holiday resorts abroad before the age of 2years had almost doubled (P<0·0001). The adjusted mean number of naevi per square metre body surface was significantly (P<0·0001) lower in 2007: 6·6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 5·6-7·6], compared with 11·0 (95% CI 10·0-12·0) in 2002.This study demonstrates increased self-reported parental actions for sun protection of young Swedish children in recent years; in consistency, lower numbers of common melanocytic naevi were observed. Results support the use of common melanocytic naevi as an objective measure of sun exposure in children.
Histochemical Patterns in Early Lesions and Infiltrating Adenocarcinomas Induced in Mouse Duodenum by N -Ethyl-N′-nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine 2
Authors: Mutsushi Matsuyama, Masao Ito, Seiji Yamada, Takaaki Nakamura, Takeo Nagayo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Intravillous, microcrater, and macroscopic invasive lesions induced in the mouse duodenum by N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine were examined histochemically. The cells of these neoplastic lesions and the proliferative zones of the normal crypts showed similar staining reactions in leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline and acid phosphatases, adenosine 5'-triphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. However, a slight decrease in succinic dehydrogenase activity and a slight increase in lactic dehydrogenase activity were observed in the intravillous and microcrater lesions compared to the activity in the proliferative zones of the crypts. The neoplastic cells of these lesions showed no mucus secretion. We discussed the origin of the neoplastic lesions using these and other findings.
Efficacy of Somatostatin Analogs (Ssa) in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Gep-Net) According to Ki67 Index: a Single Centre Experience
Authors: R. Marconcini, S. Ricci, E. Vasile, L. Galli, A. Antonuzzo, L. Derosa, A. Farnesi, E. Biasco, E. Bracco, R. Vaglialoro, A. Sbrana, A. Falcone
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)