tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ursodeoxycholate reduces hepatotoxicity of bile salts in primary human hepatocytes
Authors: Peter R. Galle, Lorenz Theilmann, Richard Raedsch, Gerd Otto, Adolf Stiehl
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Primary human hepatocytes were used to study bile salt hepatotoxicity and the hepatoprotective potential of ursodeoxycholate in vitro. Hepatocytes were obtained by collagenase perfusion of healthy human liver tissue and were treated with glycochenodeoxycholate for 24 hr 1 day after plating. Clear signs of cytotoxicity were observed at concentrations of about 100 μmol/L glycochenodeoxycholate. Toxicity was determined by release of alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, AST, ALT or lactate dehydrogenase into the culture medium, by measuring DNA synthesis of the cultured liver cells and by testing the viability of the hepatocytes using trypan-blue dye exclusion. Addition of ursodeoxycholate, which by itself proved to be of little toxicity, significantly reduced the hepatotoxic effects of glycochenodeoxycholate: 72% ± 6% of the cells survived treatment with 500 μmol/L glycocheno-deoxycholate alone, but addition of 100 μmol/L ursodeoxycholate increased the survival rate to 87% ± 4% (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, all enzymes tested were secreted at a significantly lower level when ursodeoxycholate was present. Similarly, the cellular DNA synthesis was maintained at significantly higher levels as a result of ursodeoxycholate treatment. We conclude that (a) primary human hepatocytes are a suitable model for studying hepatotoxicity of bile salts in vitro , (b) ursodeoxycholate reduces hepatotoxicity of other bile salts and (c) ursodeoxycholate can act hepatoprotectively by itself (i.e., alteration of the metabolism of other bile salts is not necessarily required). (Hepatology 1990;12:486-491).
ANEURYSM OF A BRANCH OF THE RENAL ARTERY: REPTURE: NEPHRECTOMY: RECOVERY
Authors: R. P. Rowlands
Journal: BMJ (1924)

RENAL ARTERY.f D93J9 encephalitis in 1916, was still suffering fromn frepitend bouts of myeclonir vontlrations i-n iiis trunk mlunscles when I examinied him in 1920.Whin I last saw him, a year age, the movements had nearly ceased, anifd onlyre- appeared from time to time when he was overtired.'lie was h1en, aund still is, leadinlg a very strenuots life in gelneral practiee and is in no way disabled.I -was con- sulted in regard to his qualificationi for a life insurance policy, and expressed the opinion, which was accepted by the offiee, that he might be taken on at ordinary rates.This opinion was expressed as the result of my expeerience
Impact of Combat Deployment and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on Newly Reported Coronary Heart Disease Among US Active Duty and Reserve Forces
Authors: Nancy F. Crum-Cianflone, Melissa E. Bagnell, Emma Schaller, Edward J. Boyko, Besa Smith, Charles Maynard, Christi S. Ulmer, Marina Vernalis, Tyler C. Smith
Journal: Circulation (2014)

The recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have exposed thousands of service members to intense stress, and as a result, many have developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The role of military deployment experiences and PTSD in coronary heart disease (CHD) is not well defined, especially in young US service members with recent combat exposure.We conducted a prospective cohort study to investigate the relationships between wartime experiences, PTSD, and CHD. Current and former US military personnel from all service branches participating in the Millennium Cohort Study during 2001 to 2008 (n=60 025) were evaluated for newly self-reported CHD. Electronic medical record review for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for CHD was conducted among a subpopulation of active duty members (n=23 794). Logistic regression models examined the associations between combat experiences and PTSD with CHD with adjustment for established CHD risk factors. A total of 627 participants (1.0%) newly reported CHD over an average of 5.6 years of follow-up. Deployers with combat experiences had an increased odds of newly reporting CHD (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.40) and having a diagnosis code for new-onset CHD (odds ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-2.84) compared with noncombat deployers. Screening positive for PTSD symptoms was associated with self-reported CHD before but not after adjustment for depression and anxiety and was not associated with a new diagnosis code for CHD.Combat deployments are associated with new-onset CHD among young US service members and veterans. Experiences of intense stress may increase the risk for CHD over a relatively short period among young adults.
Changes of Circulating Transforming Growth Factor-²1 Level During Radiation Therapy Are Correlated with the Prognosis of Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lujun Zhao, Wei Ji, Li Zhang, Guangfei Ou, Qinfu Feng, Zongmei Zhou, Mingfang Lei, Weizhi Yang, Luhua Wang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Coronary reperfusion studies with pro-urokinase in acute myocardial infarction: Evidence for synergism of low dose urokinase
Authors: Wolfgang Kasper, Stefan Hans Hohnloser, Hans Engler, Thomas Meinertz, Joachim Wilkens, Ernst Roth, Klaus Lang, Peter Limbourg, Hanjörg Just
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Local innovation can't be driven from the top down
Authors: Martin Connor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In a recent presentation to UK physicians at Stanford University, Alain Enthoven produced a revealing insight. He had advised the Thatcher government at the outset of the internal market during the late 1980s. He had made the case that because no one understood how to manage risk in the NHS, managed competition should be piloted in some small areas first and only made a mandatory part of national policy once the lessons had been learnt. In this respect, he was ignored, and the 1989 white paper Working for Patients unrolled a phased but universal introduction of the new approach.

Ministers come and go, but the Department of Health has behaved consistently as if there were a “correct” central policy regarding structures and that its job is to experiment with the NHS while it works out what this policy might be. The sad irony …
Pain Management and Chemical Dependency
Authors: Russell K. Portenoy
Journal: JAMA (1997)

ON NOVEMBER 21-23, 1996, the first conference designed to explore the connections between pain management and chemical dependency was held in New York City. This conference, which was organized by the newly formed Pain Management and Chemical Dependency Working Group, drew an international audience of 525 physicians, nurses, and other health care professionals. They came to fill gaps in their knowledge of pain management and addiction medicine and to take a first step in reversing the long-standing negative effects caused by the historical lack of communication that exists between these disciplines. The enthusiastic response to this initial effort was a strong affirmation of the need for change. <h3>Nature of the Problem</h3> Pain management and addiction medicine are both young and dynamic fields that share a profound concern with the human response to opioids and other potentially abusable drugs.<sup>1</sup>In the clinical arena, both pain specialists and specialists in addiction medicine
Reduce, reuse, recycle
Authors: Trish Groves
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The BMJ ’s carbon footprint is shrinking. From this week most copies will be printed on 100% recycled paper, each year diverting around 1670 tonnes of paper waste from landfill and avoiding the production of around 2204 tonnes of carbon dioxide. Admittedly, this carbon reduction is fairly modest, equating to a bit more than the total annual carbon emissions of 100 average Americans or 200 Britons—but it’s a good start. The paper comes from the Leipa mill in Germany, which collects most of its recyclable waste locally and is working on a collaborative project to burn its own waste to create power and steam, …
[148] HRAR SCALE, PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITIES AND THE SIX MONTH ABSTINENCE RULE AS PREDICTORS OF HARMFUL ALCOHOL RELAPSE AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: A. De Gottard, L. Spahr, P. Gelez, I. Morard, G. Mentha, P. Majno, P.H. Morel, A. Hadengue, P. Paliard, O. Boillot, E. Giostra, J. Dumortier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
The small pulmonary arteries in primary pulmonary hypertension and emphysema.
Authors: P G Stovin
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Proceedings of the Thoracic Society 0.8 mg./kg., was given.Of the 10 patients treated, four were completely relieved, five were partially relieved, and only one showed no response.The speed of response varied from one to 10 days.Symptomatic improvement was notable.The duration of relief varied from four weeks to eight months.Recurrence of superior vena caval obstruction needing further treatment was seen in two of these patients, and another patient died of recurrent superior vena caval obstruction.It is felt that the results of this small series warrant further consideration of this readily available method of treatment as an alternative to radiotherapy.
Dandy of Johns Hopkins
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Early 20th-century neurosurgery in the eastern United States was high-lighted by the Boston and Baltimore "schools" of Harvey Cushing and Walter Dandy. Both Midwesterners came to the Johns Hopkins Medical Center—first Cushing and then Dandy, who became one of Cushing's residents. The conflicts between these strong-willed master surgeons are explored in this biography by William Lloyd Fox. He has tried to fill what he considers to be a gap in American medical history. He has used personal interviews with the Dandy family and with scores of doctors and laymen who knew Walter Dandy well. His correspondents include Cushing's biographer, John F. Fulton; Fox has had access to Dandy's personal and professional correspondence and has obviously read much of Dandy's prolific output (160 papers and five books). The biography as such is straightforward and largely chronological and follows a brief introductory chapter entitled "Neurological Surgery Before Walter E. Dandy." The reader
J.H.C. Colson and F.W. Collision "Progressive Exercise Therapy. In rehabilitation and physical education"
Authors: Margaret John
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1984)

It is fortunate that most of this journal was in an advanced stage of preparation before I sustained a small though temporarily disabling coronary infarct early in February.I am even more fortunate in being able to hand over the later stages of preparation of this issue to the Associate Editor, Dr. Clyde Williams, who has had to assume responsibility much sooner than he anticipated.An enormous debt of gratitude is also owing to my Secretary/Financial administrative assistant, Mrs. Olga Harris, who has kept the financial work of the
Early increase in serum levels of the angiogenesis-inhibitor endostatin and of basic fibroblast growth factor in melanoma patients during disease progression
Authors: P. Kurschat, S. Eming, D. Nashan, T. Krieg, C. Mauch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Increased serum levels of angiogenesis-related factors such as endostatin, vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) have been demonstrated for a variety of solid and nonsolid tumours. Therefore, these factors have been suggested as diagnostic and in some studies as prognostic tumour markers.The purpose of the present study was to investigate a possible correlation of endostatin, VEGF or bFGF serum levels with disease progression in melanoma. Especially, we compared these factors to the established melanoma marker S-100 B, which increases in advanced disease but often fails to indicate early metastatic spread to regional lymph nodes.Sera from 197 melanoma patients and 35 healthy controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; 72 patients had primary tumours (American Joint Committee on Cancer stages I and II), 55 had regional lymph node metastasis (stage III) and 70 patients had distant organ metastasis (stage IV).Endostatin, VEGF and bFGF serum levels were significantly elevated in stage IV disease, compared with the control group. In stage III, endostatin and bFGF, but not VEGF or S-100 B, were significantly increased. However, follow-up of this patient group did not show a correlation with the future clinical course including time until progression or overall survival, arguing against a role of endostatin, VEGF or bFGF as prognostic markers.These data indicate that endostatin or bFGF might be useful as diagnostic markers for the early detection of locoregional metastasis.
Genetic mapping of two new blood pressure quantitative trait loci in the rat by genotyping endothelin system genes.
Authors: A Y Deng, H Dene, M Pravenec, J P Rapp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The endothelin system, consisting of a series of potent vasoconstrictor peptides and their receptors, is potentially important in the control of blood pressure. We found that the gene coding for endothelin-2 (ET2), also known as vasoctive intestine peptide, cosegregated strongly with systolic blood pressure in a F2 population [F2(S x LEW)] derived from a cross of the Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat and the Lewis (LEW/NCrlBR) (LEW) rat. The ET2 locus was assigned to rat chromosome 5. The testis-specific histone (HITH) locus also strongly cosegregated with blood pressure in the F2(S x LEW) population and was assigned to rat chromosome 17. Genetic maps of the regions containing the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for blood pressure on chromosomes 5 and 17 were constructed and the QTL were localized using the MAPMAKER/QTL program. The rat genes for endothelin-1, endothelin-3, and endothelin receptor A did not cosegregate with blood pressure in several F2 populations tested and were assigned to rat chromosomes 17, 3, and 19, respectively. Endothelin receptor B cosegregated weakly with blood pressure and was provisionally assigned to rat chromosome 15. We conclude that, in the rat, one new blood pressure QTL is located on chromosome 5 marked by the ET2 locus and another new QTL is located on chromosome 17 near the HITH locus.
Comparison Between Noninvasive Indices of Baroreceptor Sensitivity and the Phenylephrine Method in Post–Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Maria Vittoria Pitzalis, Filippo Mastropasqua, Andrea Passantino, Francesco Massari, Luana Ligurgo, Cinzia Forleo, Cataldo Balducci, Federico Lombardi, Paolo Rizzon
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Depressed baroreflex sensitivity obtained by means of a phenylephrine test plays a prognostic role in patients with a previous myocardial infarction. Our purpose was to evaluate the correlation and agreement between the baroreflex sensitivity obtained with phenylephrine and that obtained by two noninvasive methods: the α-index and sequence analysis. Methods and Results —The α-index was measured by means of the spectral analysis of RR and systolic blood pressure variabilities in both the high- and low-frequency bands; sequences were identified from simultaneously recorded time series in which the RR and systolic blood pressure concurrently increased or decreased. Noninvasive baroreflex sensitivity tests were performed during both spontaneous and controlled respiration. Fifty-two consecutive patients with recent myocardial infarction underwent the analyses. Although the correlations between phenylephrine and either of the noninvasive methods were always significant, those found during controlled respiration had the highest r values ( r =.70). However, the limits of agreement calculated by means of the Bland and Altman method were wide for both noninvasive methods. Conclusions —The results obtained by means of noninvasive baroreflex sensitivity assessments should not be used in clinical practice as an alternative to those obtained by the phenylephrine method.
Maximal expiratory flows generated by rapid chest compression following end-inspiratory occlusion or expiratory clamping in young children
Authors: E Kerem, J Reisman, S Gaston, H Levison, AC Bryan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Partial forced expiratory flow-volume curves obtained by the rapid chest compression technique are being widely used to assess pulmonary function in infants and young children. The aim of this study is to assess whether in this age group flow limitation is achieved with the partial forced expiratory flow-volume curve with rapid chest compression. In eight infants and young children sedated with chloral hydrate, flow-volume curves were obtained by regular rapid chest compression technique, end-inspiratory airway occlusion prior to rapid chest compression, and expiratory clamping prior to rapid chest compression. In each technique, beginning with a cuff pressure of 20 cmH2O, the cuff pressure was increased by 10 cmH2O increments until the compression pressure reached 90 cmH2O. Maximal flow-volume curves were generated by each technique. End-inspiratory occlusion prior to rapid chest compression caused higher flows over the entire phase of expiration than the regular rapid chest compression. This increase could be observed over the entire phase of expiration. Forced expiratory flow at 50% and at 75% of vital capacity (V50 and V75) with regular rapid chest compression were 207 +/- 44 ml.s-1 (mean +/- SD) and 138 +/- 59 ml.sec-1, respectively. When end-inspiratory occlusion preceded rapid chest compression, V50 and V75 increased to 283 +/- 114 and 206 +/- 61 ml.sec-1 respectively, with a mean increase in V50 of 34% and in V75 of 31%. When expiratory clamping preceded the compression, even higher expiratory flows resulted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hold the line against tobacco
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2014)

How should we view e-cigarettes? As a safe and effective way to quit tobacco? (There is some evidence in support of these claims for harm minimisation.) Or as a grave risk to public health because of their potential to renormalise and glamourise smoking, especially among young people? New York’s mayor Michael Bloomberg has made his own view clear. In one of his final acts before leaving office, he has banned the smoking of e-cigarettes in indoor public places (doi:10.1136/bmj.f7677).

Bloomberg’s track record on public health has been extraordinary. Although his critics charge him with failing to tackle New York’s rampant social inequalities, …
Augmented Sympathetic Neurotransmitter Activity in the Peripheral Vascular Bed of Patients with Congestive Heart Failure and Cardiac Norepinephrine Depletion
Authors: RICHARD S. KRAMER, DEAN T. MASON, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Since there is an overall augmentation of sympathetic nervous activity in patients with congestive heart failure while adrenal medullary function is normal and neurotransmitter stores are diminished in the heart, investigation was directed to the functional status of adrenergic receptors and available norepinephrine stores in the peripheral vascular beds. Blood flow, determined plethysmographically, and vascular resistance, calculated in the calf, following intra-arterial injections of tyramine and norepinephrine in eight patients with congestive heart failure were compared to the responses in nine patients with heart disease but without heart failure. The absolute increase in vascular resistance produced by graded doses of norepinephrine was greater in patients with heart failure. However, the relative augmentation of vascular resistance produced by any dose of norepinephrine was essentially identical in the two groups. In contrast, the vasoconstrictor response to a standard dose of the indirectly acting sympathomimetic agent, tyramine, was markedly enhanced ( P &lt;0.01) in cases of heart failure, both when this increased response was considered in terms of the relative rise in vascular resistance, and in the quantity of injected norepinephrine required to produce a similar elevation of resistance. Concentration of norepinephrine in atrial tissue, determined at the time of cardiac surgery a few days after completion of the pharmacological studies, was significantly lower in the patients with heart failure. It is concluded that the quantity of endogenous sympathetic neurotransmitter available for release by tyramine from nerve endings in the peripheral arteriolar bed in the calf is not reduced and may even be augmented in patients with heart failure, and that the elevated levels of plasma norepinephrine in the heart failure state are derived, at least in part, from labile adrenergic stores in the peripheral vascular bed.
Detection of arrhythmia: limited usefulness of patient activated recording devices.
Authors: L E Thomas, L M Shapiro, E J Perrins, K M Fox
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The findings of 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiography and monitoring with the Cardiomemo, a device recording 32 seconds of electrocardiogram during symptoms, were compared in 20 patients with symptoms suggestive of arrhythmia. Ambulatory electrocardiography showed arrhythmia in seven patients, extrasystoles in six, and normal findings in seven. Nine patients failed to transmit any Cardiomemo recordings, and the Cardiomemo failed to show ventricular and supraventricular tachycardia. It did not show any appreciable arrhythmia in the seven patients with normal 24 hour electrocardiograms. The Cardiomemo does not offer any important advantages over ambulatory electrocardiography, and its relative cheapness is outweighed by the limited number of patients who can use the device in one year. It can, however, reassure anxious patients of the absence of arrhythmia during symptoms.
Testicular Ischemia and Infarction Following Herniorrhaphy or Varicocelectomy: Evaluation by Radionuclide Imaging
Authors: CONRAD NAGLE, KIMBERLY CLARK, DANIEL BROWNING, ROGER HOWARD, JOHN MURPHY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

The postoperative use of testicular imaging to evaluate the preservation of testicular circulation has been reported after orchiopexy, excision of a hematocele, and repair of a traumatized tunica albuginea. The authors discuss the previously unreported use of testicular imaging in patients who have undergone recent herniorrhaphy or varicocelectomy. The scan of a patient with intact testicular perfusion following herniorrhaphy is compared to the scans of two patients with absence of perfusion of a testicle five to seven days following respective herniorrhaphy and varicocelectomy surgeries.