tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemistry of carcinogenic metals.
Authors: A E Martell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The periodic distribution of known and suspected carcinogenic metal ions is described, and the chemical behavior of various types of metal ions is explained in terms of the general theory of hard and soft acids and bases. The chelate effect is elucidated, and the relatively high stability of metal chelates in very dilute solutions is discussed. The concepts employed for the chelate effect are extended to explain the high stabilities of macrocyclic and cryptate complexes. Procedures for the use of equilibrium data to determine the speciation of metal ions and complexes under varying solution conditions are described. Methods for assessing the interferences by hydrogen ion, competing metal ions, hydrolysis, and precipitation are explained, and are applied to systems containing iron(III) chelates of fourteen chelating agents designed for effective binding of the ferric ion. The donor groups available for the building up of multidentate ligands are presented, and the ways in which they may be combined to achieve high affinity and selectivity for certain types of metal ions are explained.
BMA tells GPs to follow own judgment in prescribing antiflu drugs
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2015)

“Prophylactic antiviral prescribing for flu? Nobody can compel you to do it, but nobody can advise you not to either,” Andrew Green, chair of the BMA General Practitioners Committee’s clinical and prescribing subcommittee has told GPs.

The BMA’s intervention in the use of oseltamivir to prevent flu in elderly people in nursing homes comes after heated discussions between GPs and Public Health England over the evidence base for the drug.

Public Health England is recommending the prophylactic use of oseltamivir, particularly among elderly residents of nursing homes, and the Department of Health gave the go-ahead to use the drug at the end of last year, as circulating levels of flu began to rise. However, Paul Roblin, chief executive officer of the medical committee representing GPs in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, and Oxfordshire, wrote to GPs in his area to warn of insufficient evidence for use of the drug in people without symptoms.1

Last week, representatives of Public Health England and NHS England countered that move by writing to GPs to clarify what they perceived to be the evidence for the use of oseltamivir. GPs …
Neurological Aspect of Hallucinations
Authors: M. Critchley
Journal: BMJ (1939)

Hallucinations and delusions are defined and their relations to each other discussed.An account is given of hallucinations in the sane and of elementary hallucinations.In surveying the aetiology and psychopathology of hallucinations emphasis is laid on the importance of differentiating between the acute hallucinations arising in a con- fused state and the subacute or chronic hallucinations arising when consciousness is clear.Comparison is made between visual and auditory hallu- cinations: an illustrative case shows the importance of sensory elements.
PERI-PROCEDURAL CLINICAL PREDICTORS OF ATRIO VENTRICULAR BLOCK WITH PERMANENT PACING FOLLOWING TRANS CATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Gauthier Mouillet, Nicolas Lellouche, Pascal Lim, emilie fougeres, Kentaro Meguro, Pierre-Fran&ccedil;ois Lesault, Emmanuel Teiger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Endoscopic ultrasound-assisted transpapillary stent placement
Authors: R. Anderson, D. Mallat
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERCP) has become a standard approach to the treatment and evaluation of chronic pancreatitis [1] [2]. When anatomical variations and previous surgical interventions preclude the use of ERCP, antegrade cannulation of the pancreatic duct using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) can be performed [3] [4]. We present a case of EUS-assisted antegrade cannulation of the pancreatic duct which facilitated the placement of a transpapillary stent.
Calcium-pump inhibitors induce functional surface expression of ΔF508-CFTR protein in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells
Authors: Marie E. Egan, Judith Glöckner-Pagel, Catherine A. Ambrose, Paula A. Cahill, Lamiko Pappoe, Naomi Balamuth, Edward Cho, Susan Canny, Carsten A. Wagner, John Geibel, Michael J. Caplan
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Hypothyroidism after <sup>125</sup>I Therapy
Authors: J. F. MALONE, M. J. CULLEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 June 1977Hypothyroidism after 125I TherapyJ. F. MALONE, PH.D., M. J. CULLEN, M.B.J. F. MALONE, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. J. CULLEN, M.B.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-6-823 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: McDougall and Greig (1) recently presented their results of125I treatment of Graves' disease. The data are sufficient to allow the incidence of hypothyroidism after this mode of therapy to be examined to see if it conforms to the two-mechanism hypothesis postulated for131I (2). With131I early incidence, 2 years after therapy is linearly related to dose and is thought to be induced directly by radiobiological events. Late incidence, after more than 2 years, is relatively dose independent and hence is thought to be related to some fundamental biological property of the thyroid such as the...References1. MCDOUGALLGREIG IW, 125I Therapy in Graves' disease. Longterm results in 355 Patients. Ann Intern Med 85:720-723, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. MALONECULLEN JM: Hypothyroidism after 131I therapy: a two mechanism hypothesis. Lancet 2:73-75, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GLENNONGORDONSAWIN JEC: Hypothyroidism after lowdose 131I treatment of hyperthyroidism. Ann Intern Med 76:721-723, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar4. BECKERMCCONAHEYDOBYNS DWB: The results of radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism, in Further Advances in Thyroid Research, edited by FELLINGER K, HOFER R. Vienna, Verlag der Wiener Medizinischen Akademie, 1971, pp. 603-609 Google Scholar5. MALONE J: The radiobiology of the thyroid. Curr Top Radiat Res 10: 263-268, 1975 MedlineGoogle Scholar1. MALONECULLEN JM: Two mechanisms for hypothyroidism after 131I therapy. Lancet 2:73-75, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. DONIACH I: Reconsideration of 125I therapy in Graves' disease. Lancet 1:870, 1975 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. TURNERBROWNLIEROGERS JBT: Lithium as an adjunct to radioiodine for thyrotoxicosis. Lancet 1:614-615, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDraft Toxicological Profile for IodineConsequences of Iodine Fall Out: Dosimetric and Radiobiological ConsiderationsThe radiobiological response of the thyroid Part I: Sheep thyroid cells in culture as a radiobiological modelThe influence of thyroid geometry on the response of LiF and CaSO4 thermoluminescent discs to 131I and 125I irradiationProceedings of the British Institute of RadiologyThyroid uptake measurements: the influence of gland depth, gland mass and lobe separation 1 June 1977Volume 86, Issue 6Page: 823-824KeywordsHypothyroidismThyroid Issue Published: 1 June 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Presentation and analysis of the results of clinical trials in cardiovascular disease
Authors: R. Collins
Journal: BMJ (1981)

We would certainly support your view, and so would our patients, that adrenaline is the most effective drug to use and ought to be given first.It is surprising, therefore, to see no mention of adrenaline in the sections of the new British National Formulary on the treatment of severe allergic reactions to insect venom and of anaphylaxis from other causes.While the alternative advice to give intravenous hydrocortisone may be life saving in status asthmaticus-and we are in no way arguing against its use we believe that the failure to administer adrenaline in anaphylactic shock is dangerous.
Adenoviral Vector Expressing ICP47 Inhibits Adenovirus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Abraham Scaria, Jennifer A. Sullivan, Judith A. St. George, Johanne M. Kaplan, Michael J. Lukason, James E. Morris, Malinda Plog, Charles Nicolette, Richard J. Gregory, Samuel C. Wadsworth
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Studies from several laboratories have shown that administration of E1-deleted Ad vectors results only in transient transgene expression in the lungs of immunocompetent animals. This is due, at least in part, to destruction of vector-transduced cells by host cellular immune responses (predominantly CD8(+) CTLs) directed against viral proteins and/or immunogenic transgene products. We have previously demonstrated that E1-deleted Ad vectors can lead to persistent expression of human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (hCFTR) in the lungs of several strains of immunocompetent mice, despite the presence of Ad-specific CTLs. However, we found that these same vectors gave rise only to transient hCFTR expression in the lungs of rhesus monkeys. We have constructed new Ad vectors that coexpress both hCFTR and the ICP47 gene from herpes simplex virus. ICP47 has been shown to inhibit the transporter associated with antigen presentation, thus blocking major histocompatibility antigen I (MHC class I)-mediated antigen presentation to CD8(+) T cells. The Ad/hCFTR/ICP47 vector decreased levels of cell-surface MHC class I molecules on infected monkey and human cell lines. Similar results were obtained with primary human cells and primary monkey airway epithelial cells. In vitro studies showed that the Ad/hCFTR/ICP47 vector decreased cytolysis by both monkey and human CTLs. When Ad/hCFTR/ICP47 was administered to the lungs of rhesus monkeys, it inhibited the generation of Ad-specific CTLs. However, natural killer cell activity was enhanced in monkeys treated with the Ad/hCFTR/ICP47 vector.
Validation of a mouse model of chemical-induced asthma using trimellitic anhydride, a respiratory sensitizer, and dinitrochlorobenzene, a dermal sensitizer
Authors: Jeroen A.J. Vanoirbeek, Maciej Tarkowski, Hadewijch M. Vanhooren, Vanessa De Vooght, Benoit Nemery, Peter H.M. Hoet
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Clinical Pharmacology, Metabolism, and Tissue Distribution of 90Y-Labeled Monoclonal Antibody B72.3 After Intraperitoneal Administration
Authors: M. G. Rosenblum, J. J. Kavanagh, T. W. Burke, J. T. Wharton, J. E. Cunningham, L. J. Shanken, E. G. Silva, L. Thompson, L. Cheung, L. Lamki, J. L. Murray
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

B72.3 is a murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes a high-molecular-weight tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72). Nine patients with TAG-72-positive ovarian carcinoma or papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum received an intraperitoneal infusion of 2, 4, or 10 mg B72.3 labeled with 0.5-1.2 (mean, 0.8) mCi 90 Y. All patients had laparotomy, with multiple tissue and tumor samples removed 3-7 days later. The concentration of the total 90 Y label in peritoneal fluid cleared with an extrapolated half-life of 68.6 ± 4.5 hours. A low-molecular-weight 90 Y-labeled species of metabolite was identified by high-performance liquid chromatog-raphy. The concentration of this low-molecular-weight species initially increased in the peritoneal fluid, with a half-life of 0.9 hour, and was rapidly cleared from the peritoneal cavity, with a half-life of 23.1 hours. Both the 90 Y-labeled metabolite and the 90 Y-labeled B72.3 were absorbed into the plasma, with half-lives of 16 ± 2.2 hours and 25 ± 5 hours, respectively. The clearance half-lives for these agents in plasma were 25 ± 3 hours for the metabolite and 42 ± 17 hours for B72.3. Approximately 8%-ll% of the total injected 90 Y label appeared in urine over 72 hours. Most of the label (about 70%) was present as the Y-labeled metabolite, but about 30% of the 90 Y label in urine appeared identical to the authentic Y-labeled B72.3 standard when assayed by chromatography. Tissue distribution studies showed that normal tumor tissue and omentum contained the highest content of 90 Y (about 0.017% of the injected dose per gram), followed in descending order by liver, normal lymph nodes, peritoneum, bone, and fascia. The lowest concentrations of 90 Y were found in rectus abdominis muscle, bone marrow, and fat. There was substantial heterogeneity in the uptake of the 90 Y label into tumor sites among patients and among different sites within the same patient. No correlation could be demonstrated between the TAG-72 content and the amount of 90 Y label found in tumor sites. Preliminary radiation dosimetry estimates suggest that the tumor sites received about 82.8 cGy for each millicurie of 90 Y administered. Thus, if an adequate total radiation dose can be achieved, 90 Y-labeled B72.3 should be therapeutically useful for treating diffuse intraperitoneal disease. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83:1629-1636,1991]
Gynaecomastia in men with chronic myeloid leukaemia after imatinib
Authors: Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, Lucia Tornaghi, Francesco Cavagnini, Pellegrino Rossi, Francesca Pecori-Giraldi, Luigi Mariani, Nadia Cambiaghi, Enrico Pogliani, Gianmarco Corneo, Lucio Gnessi
Journal: The Lancet (2003)
BRONCHOGRAPHY IN IODINE SENSITIVITY
Authors: Peter A. Theodos
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The instillation of iodized oil into the bronchial tree is widely used in the diagnosis of bronchiectasis, the delineation of distorted or obstructed bronchi, and the determination of communications between bronchi and the pleura, skin, or air cysts. All the radiopaque preparations commonly used in bronchography today contain iodine. Those most frequently used are lipiodol,® which contains 40% iodine in poppyseed oil, and iodochloral,® which contains 27% iodine and 7.5% chlorine in organic combination with highly refined peanut oil. Bronchography with these agents is usually innocuous, but untoward reactions, such as iododerma and asthma-like reactions with fatal outcome in two cases, have been reported. 1 It is imperative, therefore, that proper inquiry be made as to sensitivity to iodine prior to the use of any iodine-containing contrast medium.  A patient with suspected bronchiectasis was recently admitted to the hospital for study. The presence of pronounced iodine sensitivity made the use
Seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: G R V Hughes, M A Khamashta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To assess the abilities of doctors to interpret neonatal cranial ultrasound scans. <h3>DESIGN AND SETTING</h3> High resolution scanned images of six important neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities were posted as a questionnaire to the 59 neonatal units in the North and South Thames regions. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Forty two questionnaires were returned (71%). Currently 56% of those interpreting cranial ultrasound scans are neonatal registrars, 27% are consultant paediatricians or neonatologists, and 17% are radiologists. The response rate from registrars was excellent (97%), but it was poor from consultant paediatric (38%) and radiological (40%) staff. The mean accurate identification of cerebral abnormalities was only 59% (range 45–71%). Only 44% of the neonatal registrars, compared with nearly all the consultant staff, have had any formal training in cranial ultrasonography. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The data highlight the current accuracy of neonatal cranial ultrasound scan reporting in the Greater London region and have important implications for clinical services and research studies. Doctors who are responsible for interpreting neonatal cranial ultrasound scans should have formal training and supervision, and more formal reporting would improve and maintain standards. The findings raise significant doubts about the accuracy of local interpretation of cranial ultrasound scans in multicentre research studies.
Tight blood pressure control during pregnancy offers no clear benefits, study finds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Tight control of hypertension during pregnancy has no significant effect on the rate of serious pregnancy complications when compared with less tight control, research published in the New England Journal of Medicine has shown.1

However, the international study found that tight control produced a moderate benefit for the mother, in that the rate of progression to severe hypertension was lower among this group. It also …
Cure of Dysgerminoma with Widespread Metastases Appearing after Renal Transplantation
Authors: Richard L. Simmons, William D. Kelly, Marion B. Tallent, John S. Najarian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

McKHANN1 recently noted that 13 primary cancers had appeared in approximately 2000 recipients of renal transplants. This figure (5 per 1000 under the age of 40) greatly exceeds the risk in the population (8.2 per 100,000). This increased incidence constitutes evidence that the immune surveillance mechanism against malignant mutations is impaired by immunosuppressive drugs. Almost all patients have died, suggesting a more rapid course of the malignant process in such cases. The present report documents a patient with malignant dysgerminoma with widespread metastases appearing two years after transplantation. The tumor was obliterated by intensive therapy despite the fact that immunosuppressant . . .
Is the Oregon Rationing Plan Fair?
Authors: Norman Daniels
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THE OREGON Basic Health Services Act mandates universal access to basic care, but includes rationing services to those individuals who are Medicaid recipients. If no new resources are added, the plan may make current Medicaid recipients worse off, but still reduce inequality between the poor and the rest of society. If resources are expanded and benefits given appropriate rankings, no one may be worse off; though inequality will be reduced, alternative reforms might reduce it even further. Whether the outcome seems fair then depends on how much priority to the well-being of the poor we believe justice requires; it also depends on political judgments about the feasibility of alternative strategies for achieving more egalitarian reforms. Oregon makes rationing public and explicit, as justice requires, but it is not clear how community values influence the ranking of services; ultimately, the rationing process is fair only if we may rely on the
Assessment of Upper Airways Obstruction
Authors: D. W. Empey
Journal: BMJ (1972)

An indication of obstruction to the upper airways (trachea and larynx) may be obtained by calculating the ratio of the forced expired volume in one second to the peak expiratory flow rate (FEV<sub>1</sub>/PEFR). This index was found to be usually less than 10 in normal subjects (mean 7·3), and in patients with asthma (mean 6·9), chronic bronchitis (mean 7·7), or interstitial lung disease (mean 6·3). A study of simulated upper airways obstruction showed that this index rises as the obstruction becomes more severe. All of 18 patients with proved upper airways obstruction had FEV<sub>1</sub>/PEFR indices greater than 10 (mean 14·0). This test can be carried out with forced expiratory manoeuvres only, and it does not require the use of complicated equipment. An FEV<sub>1</sub>/PEFR ratio greater than 10, when upper airways obstruction is suspected, indicates that significant obstruction may be present. High values suggest that the obstruction may be severe, and that further investigations are indicated.
Seroconversion from Hepatitis B e Antigen to Antibody in Chronic Type B Hepatitis
Authors: JAY H. HOOFNAGLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Twenty-five patients with chronic type B hepatitis documented by liver biopsy were followed for 1 to 6 years with serial measurements of aminotransferase levels, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti-HBe), and hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase. Initially, all were positive for HBsAg and HBeAg and had elevations in serum aminotransferases. In follow-up, only one lost HBsAg reactivity. In 13, however, elevated aminotransferase levels spontaneously fell to normal and have remained normal. These 13 also had a seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe, and all became negative for serum DNA polymerase. Most had a fall in HBsAg titer. This seroconversion occurred concurrently with or several months before the fall in aminotransferase levels. In contrast, the 12 persons who remained HBeAg positive continued to have elevated aminotransferase levels. All 10 of these patients who were initially positive for DNA polymerase remained positive. These data suggest that many patients with chronic type B hepatitis eventually have a spontaneous remission in clinical and biochemical evidence of active disease, usually heralded or accompanied by the disappearance of HBeAg and DNA polymerase.
Abnormal cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in pacing-induced cardiac failure
Authors: J Marín-García
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Background: Previous studies have shown that marked changes in myocardial mitochondrial structure and function occur in human cardiac failure. To further understand the cellular events and to clarify their role in the pathology of cardiac failure, we have examined mitochondrial enzymatic function and peptide content, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity in a canine model of pacing-induced cardiac failure. Methods: Myocardium and skeletal muscle tissues were evaluated for levels of respiratory complex I–V and citrate synthase activities, large-scale mtDNA deletions as well as peptide content of specific mitochondrial enzyme subunits. Levels of circulating and cardiac tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and of total aldehyde content in left ventricle were also assessed. Results: Specific activity levels of complex III and V were significantly lower in both myocardial and skeletal muscle tissues of paced animals compared to controls. In contrast, activity levels of complex I, II, IV and citrate synthase were unchanged, as was the peptide content of specific mitochondrial enzyme subunits. Large-scale mtDNA deletions were found to be more likely present in myocardial tissue of paced as compared to control animals, albeit at a relatively low proportion of mtDNA molecules (<0.01% of wild-type). In addition, the reduction in complex III and V activities was correlated with elevated plasma and cardiac TNF-α levels. Significant increases in left ventricle aldehyde levels were also found. Conclusions: Our data show reductions in specific mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities in pacing-induced heart failure which is not likely due to overall decreases in mitochondrial number, or necrosis. Our findings suggest a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cardiac failure and may indicate a commonality in the signaling for pacing-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in myocardial and skeletal muscle. Increased levels of TNF-α and oxidative stress appear to play a contributory role.