tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of a patient with hairy cell leukemia and pentostatin‐induced autoimmune thrombocytopenia with rituximab
Authors: Manfred Hensel, Anthony D. Ho
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract The treatment of choice for hairy cell leukemia (HCL) are the purine analogs pentostatin and cladribine. They induced complete remissions in up to 85% of patients. Purine analogs are known to induce autoimmune phenomena, but there are no reports of autoimmune thrombocytopenia after treatment with pentostatin. This case report describes the very rare association of pentostatin‐treated hairy cell leukemia and autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Encouraged by first reports of promising activity of the anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in patients with autoimmune disorders, we decided to treat our patient with rituximab in the conventional dose of 375 mg/m 2 i.v. weekly for 4 cycles. One week after the first administration, the peripheral blood count has recovered with a normal platelet count. 22 weeks after completion of therapy, the patient is still in complete hematologic remission without further medication. In conclusion, rituximab seems to be a new, promising drug in the treatment of refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia even in patients with underlying lymphoproliferative disorders. Am. J. Hematol. 73:37–40, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Children Referred With Reye's Syndrome
Authors: Peter C. Rowe
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Genetic disorders were identified infrequently among children presenting with Reye's syndrome in the past. During a two-year period, we evaluated four consecutive patients referred for intensive care of Reye's syndrome. A standard investigation for inborn errors of metabolism revealed that two patients had enzymatic defects of fatty acid oxidation, and the other two had partial deficiencies of ornithine transcarbamoylase. None had experienced a previous episode of Reye's syndrome, and three of the four had been entirely healthy in the past. Our experience suggests that as the incidence of Reye's syndrome has decreased, patients with its clinical features are now more likely to have manageable inborn errors of metabolism (eg, disorders of ureagenesis, ketogenesis, and branched-chain amino acids).
Number 4
Authors: Harvey Blank
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This patient has had edematous, red, symmetrical areas of the cheeks and chin for several weeks. She feels tired and feverish and has vague aches and pains. Pyrexia, plus a positive L.E. test, elevated sedimentation rate, albuminuria, and white blood cell count of 4,100, confirm the presence of acute, life-threatening, systemic lupus erythematosus. Slowly spreading lesions have been present for several years. There is scaling, redness, telangectasia, and atrophic scarring. With a magnifying glass, dilated follicles containing a horny plug are seen. The patient feels well. After finding that the blood count, urinalysis, serum proteins, L.E. test preparation, and serologic test for syphilis were normal, and having confirmatory histopathologic findings, a diagnosis of discoid lupus erythematosus was made. These pink papules, becoming confluent, caused only mild itching. A few scattered early vesicles could be seen with a magnifier. The process appeared in the spring of the year and the mother
Plasma Electrolyte Concentrations in Ambulatory Cardiac Patients
Authors: NEAL S. BRICKER, LAURENCE G. WESSON
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The authors find that electrolyte concentrations of the plasma of the more severely ill cardiac patients attending two outpatient clinics are statistically indistinguishable from controls. They note, however, a slight tendency to metabolic alkalosis and occasionally a mild hyponatremia. No instance of "low salt syndrome" was found.
Abstract 5585: Optimal conditions for dendritic cells labeling with superparamagnetic iron oxide for cellular magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yasunobu Kobayashi, Koichi Shimizu, Ryuji Okuyama, Kenichiro Imai, Satoshi Ohno, Valentina V. Ostapenko, Tamiyo Kobayashi, Atushi Aruga, Keishi Tanigawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Non-invasive cell-tracking in vivo could be an invaluable tool in cell-based therapy, which determines whether or not administrated cells effectively reach their target sites. Recent reports have shown that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful and feasible tool to detect in vivo migration and biodistribution of magnetically labeled cells. In this study, we examined optimal conditions for labeling monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) with a MR contrast agent (Resovist®) consisting of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles. We found that simple addition of Resovist® in the culture medium makes it possible to label Mo-DCs sufficiently and efficiently, and SPIO-uptake appeared to be saturated by its 100μg/ml treatment. FCM analysis showed that expression levels of CD80, CD86, CCR7, HLA-A,B,C and HLA-DR in SPIO-labeling Mo-DCs (100μg/ml Resovist®-treated) were similar to those in non-labeling cells. In vitro migration assays revealed that there were no significant differences between labeling and non-labeling cells in both chemotactic activities to CCL19 and random migration capacities on fibronectin-coated plates. In addition, IFNγ-ELISPOT assay showed labeling and non-labeling Mo-DCs were able to stimulate antigen-specific T cells to a similar extent, indicating that Resovist®-treatment did not affect the capacities of Mo-DCs to take up, process and present antigens to T cells. Taken together, we concluded that labeling of Mo-DCs with SPIO, particularly with 100μg/ml Resovist® could be a potent method for monitoring trafficking and biodistribution of these cells in clinical studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5585.
EEG can pick up brain activity in people in vegetative state, shows study
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Some patients believed to be in a permanent vegetative state can be shown to possess awareness by analysing electrical signals from their brains picked up by an electroencephalograph (EEG), shows a study.

Similar results have already been reported using functional magnetic resonance image (MRI) scanning, but an EEG is much cheaper and more portable, opening up the possibility of routine use—or even of creating a means by which such patients can communicate with the outside world.

In a study in the Lancet , a team from Canada, Belgium, and the UK report that of 16 patients tested at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge and the University Hospital of Liege in Belgium, three were shown to be responsive ( Lancet 2011, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61224-5). Although incapable of movement, they were able to imagine movements such as clenching a …
Chromosomal Variation in Man. A Catalog of Chromosomal Variants and Anomalies.
Authors: D S Borgaonkar, D R Bolling, C Partridge, F H Ruddle, V A McKusick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Structural Variations and Anomalies Numerical Anomalies X Chromosome Y Chromosome Double Aneuploidy: Anomalies of More Than One Autosome Double Aneuploidy: Anomalies of Both the Sex Chromosomes: X and Y Triple Aneuploidy: Anomalies of Both Sex Chromosomes and an Autosome Polyploidy Chromosomal Breakage Syndromes.
Controlling the Costs of Health Care for the Elderly — Fair Means and Foul
Authors: Daniel Callahan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The prospect of a Medicare Trust Fund bankrupt by 2001 and of staggering deficits in the decades thereafter, as the baby-boom generation retires, is bound to preoccupy everyone, young and old. The options will be a nightmare for politicians, who will be forced to present nasty choices to younger taxpayers (pay higher taxes or watch benefits for your parents and grandparents decline) and no less unpleasant ones to older people (pay still more out of pocket or accept a sharp reduction in benefits). It will be no less a bad dream for those providing health care to the elderly: the . . .
Colorado and Quarantine Against Consumptives.
Authors: G. E. Tyler
Journal: JAMA (1900)

To the Editor:  —InThe Journalfor May 12, page 1156, Dr. Joseph Matteson, of Chicago, in his article entitled Notification and State Supervision of the Tuberculous, makes the following statement: It is rumored that the State Board of Health (of Colorado) had under consideration the advisability of quarantine against more consumptives.  Inasmuch as Dr. Matteson has made this public statement, I deem it my duty, as Secretary of the State Board of Health of Colorado, to request that you make equally public my statement that no such measure has ever been seriously considered by the Colorado State Board of Health. You will see by reference to Circular No. 20 of the State Board of Health, which was issued in February of this year, that instead of considering a quarantine the statement is made that There is no need to talk of quarantining against consumption. Such a course is both
P164Causes of reduced myocardial efficiency in experimental pulmonary hypertension
Authors: W J Van Der Laarse, SJP Bogaards, I Schalij, A Vonk Noordegraaf, FM Vaz, D Van Groen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Myocardial efficiency of pulmonary hypertensive (PH) patients and isolated right ventricular papillary muscles from PH rats can be severely reduced. We aimed to determine the causes of the efficiency reduction in isolated papillary muscles of monocrotaline-injected PH rats (MCT, 60mg/kg; 8 control and 16 MCT male Wistar rats). After 3 weeks PH was confirmed by echocardiography and right ventricular papillary muscles were isolated. Work and suprabasal oxygen consumption were determined using the work loop technique: 4 min 5 Hz sinusoidal length changes at 92.5% of optimum length (L0), amplitude 0.15 L0 in 1.5 mM Ca2+ Tyrode solution at 37°C. Morphological and enzymehistochemical characteristics of the muscle and free wall were also quantified. Cardiolipin content was determined by HPLC-MS. Passive tension (overall m±SD: 23.9±9.3 mN/mm2) and active tension at 0.5Hz (75±28 mN/mm2 myocyte) were similar in control and MCT muscles at L0. Net efficiency of control muscles was 15.5±4.9 % and correlated with cross-sectional area of myocytes (273±88 μm2) in the muscle (r=0.84, P=0.017), indicating that larger myocytes are more efficient. However, net efficiency of MCT muscles was lower (9.4±7.4%, P=0.027) and did not correlate with myocyte cross-sectional area (448±88μm2). The stimulus phase for maximum work was 40±12° in control and differed (P=0.019) from 27±9° in MCT muscles, indicating slower force development in MCT muscles. Power output per loop tended to be lower in MCT muscles (1.24±0.56 versus 0.83±0.75 μJ/mm3 myocyte, P=0.16). Work loops after crossbridge inhibition by blebbistatin (10μM) were -0.38±0.22 μJ/mm3, indicating similar viscoelastic properties of control and MCT muscles. The stimulus phase for maximum work correlated with work (r=0.72, P=0.002) and efficiency (r=0.65, P=0.006) in MCT muscles, but not with myofibrillar CaATPase activity. Oxygen consumption during stimulation after blebbistatin correlated negatively with efficiency (r=-0.60, P=0.006), indicating increased oxygen consumption for non-contractile reactions in MCT muscles. Oligomycin-resistant MgATPase activity increased (P=0.004) whereas cardiolipin 72:8 decreased (P=0.023) in right-sided myocardium of MCT, indicating changes of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Monoamine oxidase A activity (P=0.004) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (P=0.0004) in myocytes increased, indicating oxidative stress and increased oxygen consumption other than oxidative phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that metabolic rather than sarcomeric changes cause reduced myocardial efficiency in experimental pulmonary hypertension.
Unmutated immunoglobulin variable heavy-chain gene status remains an adverse prognostic factor after autologous stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Matthias Ritgen, Alexandra Lange, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Hartmut Döhner, Christian Bretscher, Heidi Bosse, Ariane Stuhr, Michael Kneba, Peter Dreger
Journal: Blood (2003)
The Politics of Prevalence
Authors: Jeffrey P. Brosco
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2012)

In 1910, nearly 20% of children died from an infectious disease, and many more were left permanently impaired. Our grandparents experienced childhood mortality in their families and among their neighbors, and they never could have imagined the casual way in which we treat fever in a healthy child today because childhood mortality associated with fever is so rare. One way to interpret the increase in the number of chronic conditions in the United States is that, by the mid-20th century, the decrease in the numbers of deaths and serious morbidities gave us the luxury to unearth new types of morbidity. 5 Such is the fruit of our labors to improve living conditions, invent vaccines, and treat acutely ill children. Modern medicine has itself increased the number of children living with specific chronic conditions
A RUBBER ENVELOP ABDOMINAL PAD
Authors: Dougal Bissell
Journal: JAMA (1918)

At a meeting of the New York Obstetrical Society, Dec. 11, 1917, I made a preliminary report on a device I am now using in abdominal work, for the purpose of keeping the intestine away from the field of operation without inflicting injury to the peritoneal covering. It may be of interest in this connection to recall that the first material popularly adopted to prevent the intestines from protruding from the abdominal wound and from entering the field of operation was the elephant ear, or flat sea sponge. Next in order was gauze, the introduction of which encountered much opposition. Gauze was used in the form of pads or strips, first dry, then wet, and more recently, gauze pads dipped in melted wax. The sea sponge was soft and supposed to be nonirritating to the peritoneum; but in reality it was irritating, as it held in its interstices innumerable silicon
Dutch groups appeal against "irresponsible" plan to exempt small cafes from smoking ban
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Plans by the Netherlands’ new centre right government to scrap the smoking ban in small cafes has sparked a “moral appeal” from more than 30 leading figures and medical organisations to reject what they describe as an “irresponsible” move.

The appeal is being led by the tobacco control body Stivoro, the Heart Foundation, the Asthma Funds, and the Cancer Prevention Society. They fear that small cafes, which may number as many as 10 000, may become the “breeding ground” for a new generation of smokers.

An open letter from the groups has been sent to the junior coalition partner, the Christian Democrats, …
Rotary Fracture-Dislocation of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. Arthur L. Boland: This was the first Massachusetts General Hospital admission for a 21-year-old college student who had a history of being involved in a car accident eight days before admission.  The patient allegedly was thrown against the roof of a car in an accident and had been taken to a local hospital. Roentgenograms at the time of his admission were interpreted as normal. However, because of persistent neck pain with radiation to the top of the right shoulder and mid arm, the x-ray films were reevaluated and a fracture was noted. He was then transferred here for further care.  There were no symptoms of numbness, tingling, or paresthesias. He gave no history of loss of consciousness or of injury other than to his neck. Medical history was noncontributory.  Physical examination at the time of admission revealed a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg, pulse rate of 80 beats
On the adaptive advantage of always being right (even when one is not)
Authors: Nathalia L. Gjersoe, Bruce M. Hood
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract We propose another positive illusion – overconfidence in the generalisability of one's theory – that fits with McKay &amp; Dennett's (M&amp;D's) criteria for adaptive misbeliefs. This illusion is pervasive in adult reasoning but we focus on its prevalence in children's developing theories. It is a strongly held conviction arising from normal functioning of the doxastic system that confers adaptive advantage on the individual.
Alcohol Metabolism in Asian-American Men with Genetic Polymorphisms of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
Authors: Tamara L. Wall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: About half of certain Asians have a deficiency of the low-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) isoenzyme. This deficiency results from inheritance of mutant ALDH2*2 allele. Objective: To determine whether Asian Americans with ALDH2*2 alleles differ from Asian Americans without this mutation in terms of blood levels of alcohol and acetaldehyde after ingestion of a moderate amount of alcohol. Design: Double-blind, crossover study. Setting: Private research institute. Participants: 35 healthy Asian-American men. Three men who became ill after alcohol ingestion and one who had outlying data were excluded. Intervention: Alcoholic beverage, containing 0.56 g of alcohol per kg of body weight, or placebo beverage, containing 3 mL of alcohol, given orally on separate occasions. Measurements: Blood levels of alcohol and acetaldehyde measured before and several times after ingestion of the alcoholic or placebo beverage. Results: Participants with ALDH2*2 alleles had significantly higher blood acetaldehyde levels after ingesting alcoholic and placebo beverages than did participants with ALDH2*1 alleles, despite similar blood alcohol concentrations. Conclusions: Blood acetaldehyde levels rather than blood alcohol concentration may mediate enhanced alcohol sensitivity among Asians with ALDH2*2 alleles.
A myeloma cell line established from a patient refractory to thalidomide therapy revealed high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities and produced vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Y Hattori, W Du, T Yamada, D Ichikawa, S Matsunami, M Matsushita
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Recent advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) using newly developed drugs, such as thalidomide, lenalidomide and bortezomib, have improved the survival of the patients with refractory disease.However, it remains difficult to treat certain populations of MM patients; these patients are considered highrisk cases.2][3][4] Here we report the establishment of a novel myeloma cell line, MUM24, which was obtained from the bone marrow of a 64-year-old female patient with immunoglobulin G (IgG) (k)-type MM.She was refractory to melphalan plus prednisolone, vincristine plus doxorubicin plus dexamethasone and high-dose dexamethasone as well as thalidomide.A bone marrow sample was obtained in September 2002, and was used for establishing the MUM24 cell line.The patient passed away in December 2002 due to systemic progression of the MM, including intracranial invasion.Microscopic pictures of MUM24 cells are provided in Figure 1a.Most of the cells were mononuclear but occasionally bi-or multinuclear cells were observed.The cells had irregularly shaped cytoplasm and vacuoles were observed in some cells.The karyotype analysis of MUM24 cells by Giemsa staining revealed complex chromosomal changes together with del 13 and other abnormalities (Figure 1b).The representative abnormalities were 45, X, add(X)(p22), add(1)(p11), del(1)(q32q42), add(2)(q11), del(2)(q31q33), add(4)(q21), i(5)(p10), der(6;11)(p10;p10), þ 8, À 13, À 14, add(16)(q22), add(17) (q25), del(17)(p11), der(21)t(1;21)(q11;p12), add(22)(q12), þ mar.The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that the p53 gene is deleted in the MUM24 cell line (Figure 1c).The t(4;14) fusion signals were also detected using fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and immunoglobulin heavy chain probes.We also examined the genomic DNA sequences of residual TP53 gene of the MUM24 cells and found a nonsense mutation from 'tgg' to 'tga' at codon 273 in exon 4 (Figure 1d).Thus, no functional TP53 gene exists in MUM24 cells.The cell surface antigen characteristics for myeloma cells, such as CD38, CD56, Ia (DR) and CD138 were all positive in nearly 100% of the MUM24 cells.B-cell antigens, CD19, CD20 and cell-surface IgG were negative.Cereblon (CRBN), a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, was identified as a thalidomide-binding protein, which is considered to be a responsible molecule for thalidomide-induced teratogenicity. 5CRBN is also known as a critical target for the antimyeloma effect of lenalidomide and pomalidomide.In MUM24 cells, CRBN transcripts were detected (data not shown).The involvement of CRBN expression in thalidomide resistance is still unclear.
A third of disabled people in Britain still find it difficult to access hospitals
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A major survey of adults in Great Britain with disabilities has found that many continue to have difficulty accessing hospitals and general practices.

The Life Opportunities Survey, carried out by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), compares the experiences of people with and without impairments across a range of areas, including education and training, employment, transport, leisure, social and cultural activities, and social contact. It defines an impairment as the “loss of physiological and psychological functions of the body such as loss of sight, hearing, mobility, or learning capacity.”

The survey chose a deliberately broad definition so as to include people with long term illnesses such as asthma and cancer. The survey, which the ONS says is its first to look at disability in terms of …
Non-response bias versus response bias
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers used a postal questionnaire survey to investigate the career progression of NHS doctors. The questionnaire included details about past and current employment, future career plans, and when career milestones were reached. Analysis was confined to respondents working in the UK NHS (including those with an honorary NHS contract). The participants were all those who graduated from UK medical schools in 1977, 1988, and 1993. The questionnaire was sent to 10 344 graduates, of whom 7012 replied, giving a response rate of 68%.1 Men and women were compared, with the aim of establishing whether female doctors were disadvantaged in pursuing careers in the NHS. The researchers reported that women did not progress as far or as fast as men. However, it was suggested this was not because women encountered direct discrimination but that it was a reflection of not having always worked full time. Nonetheless, the possibility that indirect discrimination—for example, that the lack of opportunities for part time work may have influenced choice of specialty—could not be ruled out. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
Cost-Effectiveness and Clinical Effectiveness of Catheter-Based Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Benjamin P. Geisler, Brent M. Egan, Joshua T. Cohen, Abigail M. Garner, Ronald L. Akehurst, Murray D. Esler, Jan B. Pietzsch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Clinical spectrum and virologic characteristics of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV infection
Authors: Alexander Kreuter, Norbert H. Brockmeyer, Bettina Hochdorfer, Soenke J. Weissenborn, Markus Stücker, Jochen Swoboda, Peter Altmeyer, Herbert Pfister, Ulrike Wieland
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)