tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low lung volume is associated with visceral adipose tissue inflammation
Authors: Shigeo Kawase, Masato Takaoka, Shintaro Miyamoto, Hiroshi Ohnishi, Tetsuya Kubota, Tsutomu Namikawa, Kazuhiro Hanazaki, Akihito Yokoyama
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation caused by inflammatory responses to noxious particles or gases, mainly tobacco smoking. Recently, COPD has been recognized as a systemic inflammatory disease. Although visceral adipose tissue inflammation is known to be associated with various lifestyle diseases, its contribution to the systemic inflammation of COPD remains unclear.  Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between lung function and visceral adipose tissue inflammation.  Methods: This study included 93 patients who underwent surgical resection due to an early stage of abdominal cancer, such as gastric and colon cancer. Visceral adipose tissue was obtained during the operation with informed consent. We quantified inflammatory cells in the adipose tissues, and evaluated its association with clinical parameters including lung function.  Results: The number of visceral adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) did not show a significant correlation with FEV1% (FEV1/FVC), and was not different between patients with (n=28) and without airflow limitation (n=65). However, there was a significant negative correlation between ATM and % predicted VC (r=-0.24, p=0.02). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between ATM and body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference (AC), serum high sensitivity CRP, or the size of adipocyte. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that %VC and BMI were independently associated with the number of visceral ATM.  Conclusions: The adipose tissue inflammation may contribute to the systemic inflammation of advanced COPD with low lung volume, independently from abdominal obesity.
Nucleotide sequence of the D-loop region of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) mitochondrial genome.
Authors: M C Dillon, J M Wright
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1993)

We have amplified, by the polymerase chain reaction, and have sequenced the D-loop region of the mitochondrial DNA from the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). The sperm whale D-loop was aligned with D-loop sequences from four other cetaceans (Commerson's dolphin, orca, fin whale, and minke whale) and an out-group (cow). This alignment showed the sperm whale sequence to be larger than that of other cetaceans. In addition, some sequence blocks were highly conserved among all six species, suggesting roles in the functioning of mitochondrial DNA. Other blocks that were previously reported to be well conserved among cetaceans showed little sequence conservation with the sperm whale D-loop, which argues against the functional importance of these sequence blocks in cetaceans.
Five-Year Outcomes of the China National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program
Authors: Fujie Zhang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: China's National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program began in 2002 and, by August 2008, included more than 52 000 patients. Objective: To report 5-year outcomes on adult mortality and immunologic treatment failure rates and risk factors. Design: Open cohort analysis of a prospectively collected, observational database. Setting: China. Patients: All patients in the national treatment database from June 2002 to August 2008. Patients were excluded if they had not started triple therapy or had missing treatment regimen information. Intervention: Antiretroviral therapy according to Chinese national treatment guidelines. Measurements: Mortality rate and immunologic treatment failure rate, according to World Health Organization criteria. Results: Of 52 191 patients, 48 785 were included. Median age was 38 years, 58% were men, 53% were infected through plasma or blood, and the median baseline CD4 cell count was 0.118 × 109 cells/L. Mortality was greatest during the first 3 months of treatment (22.6 deaths per 100 person-years) but decreased to a steady rate of 4 to 5 deaths per 100 person-years after 6 months and maintained this rate over the subsequent 4.5 years. The strongest mortality risk factors were a baseline CD4 cell count less than 0.050 × 109 cells/L (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] compared with a count ≥0.200 × 109 cells/L, 3.3 [95% CI, 2.9 to 3.8]) and having 4 to 5 baseline symptom categories (adjusted HR compared with no baseline symptom categories, 3.4 [CI, 2.9 to 4.0]). Treatment failure was determined among 31 070 patients with 1 or more follow-up CD4 cell counts. Overall, treatment failed for 25% of patients (12.0 treatment failures per 100 person-years), with the cumulative treatment failure rate increasing to 50% at 5 years. Limitation: Immunologic treatment failure does not necessarily correlate well with virologic treatment failure. Conclusion: The National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program reduced mortality among adult patients in China with AIDS to rates similar to those of other low- or middle-income countries. A cumulative immunologic treatment failure rate of 50% after 5 years, due to the limited availability of second-line regimens, is of great concern. Primary Funding Source: China Ministry of Health, U.S. National Institutes of Health, and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Global AIDS Program.
High-resolution melting analysis of the spa locus reveals significant diversity within sequence type 93 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from northern Australia
Authors: S.Y.C. Tong, R.A. Lilliebridge, D.C. Holt, M.I. McDonald, B.J. Currie, P.M. Giffard
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
EEG time-frequency maps during respiratory-related cortical activation in humans
Authors: Anna Hudson, Louis Laviolette, Mathieu Raux, Jacques Martinerie, Thomas Similowski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction Event-locked averaging of EEG recordings has demonstrated that preinspiratory potentials precede inspiration during respiratory-related cortical activation. However, this procedure relies on assumptions of on-going brain activity and is highly susceptible to low frequency artifacts. Frequency analysis is an alternative method of assessing EEG activity, but it is not known if this method can identify respiratory-related cortical activation. The aim of this study was to compare time-frequency maps during different respiratory 'tasks'.

Methods Healthy subjects (n=6) performed 3 conditions: quiet breathing (QB), self-paced voluntary sniffs and ventilation with an inspiratory threshold load (ITL; ∼23 cmH20, range 18-25 cmH20). EEG recordings were made from 32 channels. Time-frequency maps were computed for each subject and condition for recordings from Fz, FCz, Cz, C3 and C4. Contrasts between conditions were performed by T score calculation with statistical analysis by clustering permutation.

Results There were differences in cortical activation (alpha band, 8-13Hz) prior to the onset of inspiratory flow on Fz, C3 and C4 between QB and sniffs (p< 0.1) and on C4 between QB and ITL (p< 0.1).

Conclusions Time-frequency maps varied between different respiratory conditions which suggests they can discriminate differences in cortical activation related to the control of respiration. Furthermore, we can identify the specific frequency components, in addition to time-locked changes in EEG. Analysis of EEG activity above 5Hz may lessen the effect of artifacts on physiological interpretation and increase the feasibility of EEG recordings to assess cortical activation in the clinical setting.
Clinical Significance of Recent Inversion of the Nipple: A Reappraisal
Authors: E M Neville, A H Freeman, M Adiseshiah
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1982)

In a retrospective survey of 63 cases of inverted nipple, unaccompanied by a palpable mass, 3 histologically confirmed carcinomas were found on combined clinical and mammographic examination - an incidence of 5%. No carcinoma was found in those patients under 50 years of age. The problem of the false negative mammogram is discussed.
Phosphate kinetics during high-flux hemodialysis.
Authors: C A DeSoi, J G Umans
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

Phosphate clearance by polysulfone (PS) and cuprophane (CU) membranes and the relationship of peridialytic changes in serum phosphate with those of serum-ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and insulin were studied in six stable patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD). Dietary phosphate intake was 25.7 mmol/day, and total dose of elemental calcium was 3.2 g/day. Patients were dialyzed for 2 to 4 h, once with each membrane. Serum phosphate levels fell precipitously during the first hour of HD with both dialyzers, from 1.42 and 1.49 mM to nadirs of 0.53 and 0.69 mM for PS and CU, respectively. Phosphate levels began to increase either late in HD or at the end of HD and, by 4 h post-HD, did not differ from predialysis values. Total mass transfer of phosphate was greater during the first hour (3.4 and 3.2 mmol for PS and CU, respectively) than during the remainder of HD (2.4 and 2.6 mmol/h). There were no significant differences in intradialytic serum phosphate changes, postdialytic phosphate rebound, or total phosphate removal between the two dialyzers. Ionized calcium increased by 0.11 mM, and PTH was suppressed to 40 to 50% of baseline values during dialysis with either membrane. Although phosphate removal continued for the duration of dialysis, serum phosphate did not continue to decrease, either reaching an apparent steady state or beginning to rebound, even during dialysis. This suggests active phosphate mobilization from a pool other than the extracellular fluid and demonstrates the inadequacy of a one-compartment model to explain these data. Further, these data do not support the regulation of intradialytic phosphate mobilization by serum PTH or insulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impact of the Maze Operation Combined With Left-Sided Valve Surgery on the Change in Tricuspid Regurgitation Over Time
Authors: Hyung-Kwan Kim, Yong-Jin Kim, Kwang-Il Kim, Sang-Ho Jo, Ki-Bong Kim, Hyuk Ahn, Dae-Won Sohn, Byung-Hee Oh, Myoung-Mook Lee, Young-Bae Park, Yun-Shik Choi
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been reported to be a predisposing factor for the progression of TR in patients with previous mitral or combined mitral/aortic valve surgery. We hypothesized that the maze operation (MAZE) can prevent the progression of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in these patients. Methods and Results— We analyzed 170 patients (age, 45.5±10.9 years) who had undergone mitral or combined mitral/aortic valve surgery. On the basis of preoperative rhythm, patients were divided into 3 groups; GrI was composed of 44 patients with sinus rhythm, GrII of 48 who had undergone MAZE, and GrIII of 78 with AF who had not undergone MAZE. Echocardiographic examinations were performed before, immediately after, and 92.2±17.2 (range, 50 to 131) months after surgery. Preoperative and immediate postoperative clinical and echocardiographic parameters were similar among the groups. Insignificant TR at the immediate postoperative examination worsened with time in 7.3% of GrI (3 of 41), 12.8% of GrII (6 of 47), and 38.8% of GrIII (26 of 67) patients at the final examination ( P =0.63 for GrI versus GrII, P =0.001 for GrI versus GrIII, P =0.005 for GrII versus GrIII). The incidence of significant TR at the final echocardiographic examination was higher in GrIII (39.7%) compared with GrI (9.1%) and GrII (14.6%) ( P =0.001 for GrI versus GrIII, P =0.005 for GrII versus GrIII), whereas GrI and GrII did not show any difference ( P =0.63). By multivariate analysis, the only factor identified to prevent TR progression was the group factor (GrI and GrII versus GrIII, P =0.002 and P =0.005, respectively). In a subgroup analysis of GrII according to the presence or absence of atrial mechanical activity, the absence of atrial mechanical activity was identified as an independent parameter for the progression of TR ( P =0.001). Conclusions— AF predisposes patients undergoing mitral valve surgery to the progression of TR, which can be prevented by MAZE. This additional benefit of MAZE is largely dependent on the restoration and maintenance of atrial mechanical function.
Combined Diet and Physical Activity Promotion Programs to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Among Persons at Increased Risk: A Systematic Review for the Community Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Ethan M. Balk, Amy Earley, Gowri Raman, Esther A. Avendano, Anastassios G. Pittas, Patrick L. Remington
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Trials have shown efficacy of rigorous diet and physical activity promotion programs to reduce diabetes incidence and improve glycemic measures in adults at increased risk for type 2 diabetes.To evaluate diet and physical activity promotion programs for persons at increased risk for type 2 diabetes, primarily to reduce diabetes risk and decrease body weight and glycemia.MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CAB Abstracts, Global Health, and Ovid HealthSTAR from 1991 through 27 February 2015, with no language restriction.8 researchers screened articles for single-group or comparative studies of combined diet and physical activity promotion programs with at least 2 sessions over at least 3 months in participants at increased risk for type 2 diabetes.7 researchers extracted data on study design; participant, intervention, and outcome descriptions; and results and assessed study quality.53 studies (30 of diet and physical activity promotion programs vs. usual care, 13 of more intensive vs. less intensive programs, and 13 of single programs) evaluated 66 programs. Compared with usual care, diet and physical activity promotion programs reduced type 2 diabetes incidence (risk ratio [RR], 0.59 [95% CI, 0.52 to 0.66]) (16 studies), decreased body weight (net change, -2.2% [CI, -2.9% to -1.4%]) (24 studies) and fasting blood glucose level (net change, -0.12 mmol/L [-2.2 mg/dL] [CI, -0.20 to -0.05 mmol/L {-3.6 to -0.9 mg/dL}]) (17 studies), and improved other cardiometabolic risk factors. Evidence for clinical events was limited. More intensive programs were more effective.Wide variation in diet and physical activity promotion programs limited identification of features most relevant to effectiveness. Evidence on clinical outcomes and in children was sparse.Combined diet and physical activity promotion programs are effective at decreasing diabetes incidence and improving cardiometabolic risk factors in persons at increased risk. More intensive programs are more effective.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Community Preventive Services Task Force.
Early bronchial asthma diagnosis with electrical impedance spirometry
Authors: Vitaliy Mishlanov, Andrey Zuev, Tatiana Ustiantzeva
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Electrical impedance spirometry (EIS) is an accurate and sensitive method of bronchial obstruction diagnosis because it uses the original electrical current way through the airways. Recently it was demonstrated that module of electrical impedance correlates with FEV 1  in bronchial asthma patients.  The aim of the study was to estimate the effectiveness of EIC in controlled (mild) asthma diagnosis.  Methods. 75 people with respiratory symptoms were included. Among them there were 39 children of 4-15 yrs and 36 adults in the age of 27 till 65 yrs (mean 43,7 yrs). Special methods included EIS (Mishlanov et al., 2011), conventional spirometry (Microlab), allergologic tests consisted of allergologic anamnesis, common and specific IgE. All patients were subdivided into two groups: 1) atopic patients (n=38, 50,7%) and 2) nonatopic patients (n=36). We used Statistica 8.0.  Results. The bronchial obstruction signs were revealed in 12 patients with traditional spirometry (16%) and in 24 patients with EIS (32%). Sensitivity of EIS in common group was 66,7%, specificity was 58,4%. Among atopic patients bronchial obstruction signs were revealed in 9 patients with traditional spirometry (23,7%) and in 18 patients with EIS (47,4%). Sensitivity of EIS applying in atopic group was 100%, specificity was 86%. Atopic patients demonstrated higher electrical impedance module values than nonatopic patients (p=0,0053).  Conclusion. The airways electrical impedance module depends on bronchial obstruction and some other features as the special biochemical characteristics of bronchial secret in atopic patients and its detection may be used for the bronchial asthma early diagnosis.
Competing events determining relapse-free survival in limited small-cell lung carcinoma. The French Cancer Centers' Lung Group.
Authors: R Arriagada, A Kramar, T Le Chevalier, H De Cremoux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE We report results in terms of relapse-free survival (RFS), obtained in patients with limited small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) treated by four consecutive alternating protocols, using a competing risk approach with local recurrences, distant metastases, and death unrelated to cancer as competing events. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred two patients with limited SCLC were included in four consecutive protocols alternating radiotherapy and chemotherapy (CT). The alternating schedule consisted of six cycles of CT (doxorubicin, etoposide [VP16213], and cyclophosphamide [CAVP16], plus methotrexate in the first protocol; cisplatin replaced methotrexate in the other three protocols) and three courses of thoracic radiotherapy at a total dose of 45, 55, 65, and 61 Gy in the four consecutive protocols, respectively (accelerated hyperfractionation was used in the first course of the fourth protocol). A 1-week rest followed each CT cycle and each course of radiotherapy. Seventy-six percent of patients were in complete remission at the end of the induction treatment. RFS variables were determined according to a model assuming competing risks to define the first cause of failure (local disease, distant metastasis, or intercurrent death). RESULTS No significant differences were observed between the four treatment groups. Overall results showed a 2-year cumulative incidence rate of failure of 75%. When analyzed, the first cause of failure was local recurrence only, 33%; distant only, 25%; distant and local simultaneously, 9%; and intercurrent death, 8%. CONCLUSIONS The methodology of competing risks allowed an unequivocal description of first events in limited SCLC. The extent of the local problem has been relatively overshadowed by the use of conventional descriptive methods.
Leptin kinetics in patient with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) during non-invasive ventilation (NIV)
Authors: Gulsara Baimakanova, Sergey Avdeev, Alexander Chuchalin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Leptin is pleiotropic hormone which has important physiological effects in patients with OHS. Currently there is no data about leptin kinetics for the management or follow-up of OHS patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).   Objectives:  To evaluate the leptin kinetics in patients with OHS during hypercapnic ARF treated with NIV therapy.   Methods:  Our prospective observational study included 19 OHS patients hospitalized for ARF (age 55.9±12.2 yrs, BMI 56.7±8.3 kg/m 2 , PaO2 42.6±10.35.9 mmHg, PaCO2 58.5±12.2 mmHg), all patients received NIV during hospitalization. Serial serum leptin levels, arterial blood gases, pulmonary function and echocardiography tests were measured.   Results:  Initial leptin concentrations were significantly elevated in OHS patients (38.6±9.7 ng/ml), and after 10-14 days of NIV therapy leptin levels significantly decreased (to 32.1±12.5 ng/ml, p  Initial leptin concentrations correlated with residual lung volume (r=-0.76, p=0.04) and leptin kinetics correlated with change in PaCO2 (r=-0.49, p=0.04) and change in PaO2 (r=0.75, p=   Conclusions:  Assessment of leptin kinetics in OHS can help to predict outcome of NIV therapy and it may be of value for guiding NIV intensity in these patients.
Lysosomes as Targets for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Nicole Fehrenbacher, Marja Jäättelä
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Tumor invasion and metastasis are associated with altered lysosomal trafficking and increased expression of the lysosomal proteases termed cathepsins. Emerging experimental evidence suggests that such alterations in lysosomes may form an “Achilles heel” for cancer cells by sensitizing them to death pathways involving lysosomal membrane permeabilization and the release of cathepsins into the cytosol. Here, we highlight recent results on cancer-related changes in the composition and function of lysosomes, focusing on possible implications for the development of novel cancer therapeutics that target tumor cell lysosomes.
Metabolomic analysis of serum samples from patients with lung cancer
Authors: Eva Vázquez-Gandullo, Macarena González, Antonio José Ruiz-Reina, Tamara García-Barrena, Ricardo Aguilar Pérez-Grovas, Jesús Grávalos-Guzmán, José Luis Sánchez-Ramos, José Antonio Maldonado-Pérez, José Luis Gómez-Ariza, Antonio Pereira-Vega
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

In this study, potential biomarkers (BM) that allow differentiation between patients diagnosed with lung cancer (LC) and healthy subjects have been identified using the metabolic method. This enables diagnosis in the early stages of the disease. This paper explores the identification of specific BM in certain types of LC.

Blood samples were analysed using method of mass spectrometry (QqQ-TOF-MS). As a result, metabolites from 30 patients diagnosed with LC and from 30 healthy subjects were obtained. The resulting metabolic profiles were processed by Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis. This methodology was likewise used for obtaining metabolic profiles of the different LC types.

The metabolic profiles show a discrimination between both groups. Carnitine, phenylalanine and dopamine were the overexpressed metabolites identified LC. Decreased levels of phospholipids as well as lysophosphatidylcholines were observed. Registration spectrometry patterns were consistent with different types of LC. This allowed a clear distinction between those different types.

The two groups show different metabolomics profiles that allow statistical discrimination. The different types of LC present diverse metabolic profiles and allow statistical differentiation

![Figure][1] 



. The results suggest the usefulness of applying this technique to serum samples that allows different biochemical pathways of investigation, and, it widens the spectrum of potential BM in involved in LC.

 [1]: pending:yes