tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Drug Use: A Study of 5,482 Subjects
Authors: SAMUEL BLACK, KENNETH L. OWENS, RONALD P. WOLFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Drug use was studied in a sample of 5,482 enlisted men on active duty. Twenty-seven percent of the subjects reported having used marijuana, amphetamines. LSD, or heroin. The authors conclude that their data may provide a more realistic estimate of the incidence of drug use than those of previous investigators because the sample is large, subject participation was complete (100 percent), and the sample represents a broad range of educational backgrounds and geographical areas.
Oral contraceptives and rheumatoid arthritis: new data from the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study.
Authors: P C Hannaford, C R Kay, S Hirsch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

From data available at April 1987 it was found that the standardised risk ratio for rheumatoid arthritis between current users of oral contraceptives and never users was 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.59 to 1.15); the ratio between former users and never users was 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.72 to 1.22). Important secular trends have occurred within our study population. The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis among former and never users has declined over the past two decades. Current users have not experienced this temporal trend, and the ratio between current and never users has, therefore, approached unity. These secular changes may explain why some studies have found that oral contraceptives have a protective effect, while others have been unable to show such an effect.
The Validation of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Scale in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Nonclinical Subjects
Authors: Valérie A.G. Ventureyra, Sai-Nan Yao, Jean Cottraux, Ivan Note, Chantal De Mey-Guillard
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Scale (PCLS) is a short self-report inventory for assessing the 3 main syndromes of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was the validation of the French version of the PCLS in PTSD subjects and nonclinical subjects.One-hundred and thirteen outpatients suffering from PTSD according to DSM-IV were administered the PCLS. The patients' scores on the PCLS were then compared to those of 31 nonclinical control subjects. Thirty-five of the patients were administered the PCLS twice over an interval of 1-2 weeks and also completed questionnaires measuring depression, phobia and anxiety.The patients' total score and subscores on the PCLS were found to be significantly higher than those of control subjects. The cutoff score of 44 on the French version PCLS distinguishes well between the PTSD group and control group with a high diagnostic efficacy (0.94). Factor analysis revealed 3 main factors corresponding to the reexperiencing, numbing and hyperarousal syndromes. The PCLS showed satisfactory test-retest reliability and internal consistency.The PCLS is therefore a valid and effective measurement of PTSD. It may be a useful tool for screening and assessing PTSD in psychiatric as well as in primary-care settings.
RHEUMATISM TREATED BY VENESECTION AND HYPODERMOCLYSIS.
Authors: C. G. HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

A man, aged 26, English, bricklayer by occupation, has had rheumatism at varying intervals since he was 15 years old. His father is in good health, but drinks a good deal. Mother is extremely "nervous." The patient complained of lameness and rheumatic pains which had persisted for the last four months. The right shoulder, wrist, knee and ankle joints were swollen and painful. Temperature was 103, pulse 96. His tongue was heavily coated and his breath bad. He complained of headache. The urine was of dark red color, high specific gravity and acid in reaction. Calomel and saline cathartics were given to clean out the intestinal tract. As the usual anti-rheumatic remedies failed to give relief and anodynes seemed to have no effect on the pain, venesection was performed and about twelve ounces of blood were withdrawn. Following this, two pints of normal salt solution were injected beneath the skin of the breasts. All pain (except a slight soreness) had
Effect of low dose heparin on blood loss at caesarean section
Authors: N. C W Hill, J G. Hill, J. M Sargent, C. G Taylor, P. V Bush
Journal: BMJ (1988)

antisocial, and had intellectual difficulties.A psychotherapist she saw regularly diagnosed a narcissistic personality disorder.After four years of self bleeding she stopped for one year, and her haemoglobin concentration became 120-130 g/l. CommentOur patients had typical features of factitious disease,1 2 three of them developing anorexia nervosa.They had been bleeding themselves for four to 11 years and were well adapted to severe chronic anaemia with haemoglobin concentrations rarely above 60 gll.Their physical fitness was remarkable, and, notably, they tailored their bleeding such that it did not jeopardise an active life.Although our patients showed little overt psychopathological behaviour, all had a borderline personality disorder.2Psychotherapy seems to be of little value in such disorders, and only one patient with factitious anaemia has been successfully treated with psychotherapy.4Nevertheless, such patients should be offered regular medical and psychiatric care; psychiatric consul- tation at an early stage in somatisation disorders reduces the costs of health care considerably, although it does not improve mental, physical, or social health.'Similarly, our patients appreciated regular meetings with doctors or psychotherapists to discuss their problems, although such meetings did not result in a cure.
Interactive Medical Telecomputing
Authors: T.M. Grundner, Robert E. Garrett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

In the fall of 1984, the Department of Family Medicine at Case Western Reserve University had five clinical units located at hospitals scattered throughout the Cleveland metropolitan area. A means of communicating within and between each unit was needed that would not depend on travel or be hampered by gaps in various people's schedules. To solve this problem, a castoff microcomputer was connected to a phone line, and a computerized "bulletin board" system was set up, complete with electronic mail, a general notice and announcement area, and other features. Any faculty or staff member with access to a microcomputer or . . .
Which Single Intervention Would Do the Most to Improve the Health of Those Living on Less Than $1 Per Day?
Authors: Gavin Yamey
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

PLoS Medicine is participating in the Council of Science Editors' global theme issue on poverty and human development on October 22, 2007 (http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/globalthemeissue.cfm). Over 200 scientific and medical journals are taking part. For our theme issue, we asked a wide variety of commentators worldwide—including clinicians, medical researchers, health reporters, policy makers, health activists, and development experts—to name the single intervention that they think would improve the health of those living in poverty. We also asked four individuals living in poor, rural agricultural communities in the Santillana district, province of Huanta, Ayacucho, Peru to give us their response to the question, “What do you think would do the most to improve your health and the health of your family?” (The four community members were Severino Rojas Poma, Mercedes Vargas Soto, Julián De La Cruz Chahua, and Martín Rojas Poma). Our October 2007 Editorial discusses this debate further.
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES RELATING TO THE SPECIFIC INFECTIOUS AGENT OF SMALLPOX AND THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY FROM THIS DISEASE.
Authors: GEORGE M. STERNBERG
Journal: JAMA (1896)

<h3>Gentlemen:</h3> —A complete review of the experimental researches which have been made with a view to demonstrating the exact nature and biologic characters of the specific infectious agent which by its multiplication in the body of a susceptible individual gives rise to the disease known to us as variola, or smallpox, would require a volume. But at the end of this volume I would be obliged to record as the principal conclusion reached, the fact that the specific infectious agent in this disease has not been demonstrated. It does not follow from this statement that the researches made have been without value. If this were so I might dismiss this portion of my subject without further remark. But the present occasion calls for something more than this; for, while we are here chiefly to celebrate the centennial of Jenner's great discovery and to consider the beneficent results which have followed
Cholinergic Innervation of the Canine and Human Ventricular Conducting System
Authors: KENNETH M. KENT, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN, THEODORE COOPER, DAVID M. JACOBOWITZ
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Augmentation of vagal tone increases ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) under nonischemic and ischemic conditions and protects against spontaneous ventricular fibrillation during experimental myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to identify the anatomic pathways responsible for this cholinergically-mediated enhanced electrical stability and to determine whether or not these pathways are present in human hearts. Rich cholinergic innervation of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and atrial myocardium was confirmed in both canine and human hearts. Although sparse cholinergic innervation was present in ventricular myocardium, numerous cholinergic nerve fibers were present in ventricular conduction tissue of both canine and human hearts. To determine whether these cholinergic fibers mediate the protective effects of vagal stimulation, cholinergic fibers to the ventricular conducting system were ablated in dogs. The ablation procedures used resulted in histologic absence of cholinergic nerves in the ventricular conducting system; innervation of the atrium, however, was histologically intact. In these animals vagal stimulation no longer increased VFT but still caused slowing of the sinus rate. The effect of vagal stimulation on VFT was shown to be independent of adrenergic innervation in a group of catecholamine depleted animals (6-hydroxydopamine). We conclude that 1) the enhanced ventricular electrical stability produced by vagal stimulation in dogs is mediated by cholinergic nerve fibers which supply the ventricular conduction system, and 2) this anatomic pathway is present in human hearts.
Combining Cytotoxic Chemotherapy With Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition
Authors: Ethan Dmitrovsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.02.044 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12860936 Combining Cytotoxic Chemotherapy With Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Ethan DmitrovskyxEthan DmitrovskySearch for articles by this author Show More Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.02.044 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Combining Cytotoxic Chemotherapy With Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(14), pp. 2631–2632© 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Air pollution and daily mortality in Erfurt, east Germany, 1980-1989.
Authors: C Spix, J Heinrich, D Dockery, J Schwartz, G Völksch, K Schwinkowski, C Cöllen, H E Wichmann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

In Erfurt, Germany, unfavorable geography and emissions from coal burning lead to very high ambient pollution (up to about 4000 micrograms/m3 SO2 in 1980-89). To assess possible health effects of these exposures, total daily mortality was obtained for this same period. A multivariate model was fitted, including corrections for long-term fluctuations, influenza epidemics, and meterology, before analyzing the effect of pollution. The best fit for pollution was obtained for log (SO2 daily mean) with a lag of 2 days. Daily mortality increased by 10% for an increase in SO2 from 23 to 929 micrograms/m3 (5% quantile to 95% quantile). A harvesting effect (fewer people die on a given day if more deaths occurred in the last 15 days) may modify this by +/- 2%. The effect for particulates (SP, 1988-89 only) was stronger than the effect of SO2. Log SP (daily mean) increasing from 15 micrograms/m3 to 331 micrograms/m3 (5% quantile to 95% quantile) was associated with a 22% increase in mortality. Depending on harvesting, the observable effect may lie between 14% and 27%. There is no indication of a threshold or synergism. The effects of air pollution are smaller than the effects of influenza epidemics and are of the same size as meterologic effects. The results for the lower end of the dose range are in agreement with linear models fitted in studies of moderate air pollution and episode studies.
Liposomal surface coatings of metal stents for efficient non-viral gene delivery to the injured vasculature
Authors: Sandra Ganly, Sean O. Hynes, Faisal Sharif, Ahmed Aied, Valerie Barron, Karl McCullagh, Jill McMahon, Peter McHugh, Jim Crowley, Wenxin Wang, Timothy O'Brien, Udo Greiser
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Some Common Paediatric Procedures
Authors: D. Bell
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Mary's Hospital for the East End It has seemed to me suitable, in addressing this audience, to confine my remarks to such aspects of the subject as are the day-to-day concern of the worker in the child welfare clinic.The choice of a few points of common paediatric procedure for your reconsideration has therefore been based on cases referred to me from welfare centre practice or presented as problems to midwives and students in maternity departments.If, then, my conclusions seem to many to be self-evident, I must plead that to others they have seemed less obvious.
PWE-082 The Impact Of Nod2 Variants On Gut Microbiota In Crohn’s Disease And Healthy Controls
Authors: NA Kennedy, AW Walker, SH Berry, CA Lamb, S Lewis, J Mansfield, M Parkes, J Parkhill, C Probert, D Read, J Satsangi, R Simpkins, D Tomlinson, M Tremelling, S Nutland, GL Hold, CW Lees
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Crohn’s disease (CD) is now understood to be caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors with dysregulation of gut microbiota playing a pivotal role. <i>NOD2</i>, the strongest genetic risk factor for CD, encodes a pattern recognition receptor and plays an important role in epithelial defence. Studies of <i>NOD2</i>-knockout mice have demonstrated shifts in gut microbiota. Human studies to date have been limited by relatively small numbers of individuals homozygous for <i>NOD2</i> mutations without accurate matching of controls. <h3>Methods</h3> Individuals with CD of known <i>NOD2</i> status were identified from the UK IBD genetics consortium. Patients in clinical remission were selected if they carried 2 of the common <i>NOD2</i> variants (homozygotes or compound heterozygotes). Each <i>NOD2 </i>mutant patient was matched to a <i>NOD2</i> wild-type patient. For all CD patients a household control was approached. Healthy volunteers stratified by <i>NOD2</i> genotype were recruited from the Cambridge Bioresource. Faecal samples were frozen within 24h of collection. DNA was extracted using the FASTDNA Spin Kit for Soil. The V1–3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and amplicons were sequenced with Illumina MiSeq. Sequence data was processed in Mothur. Calprotectin was measured in all samples by ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> 97/107 individuals were included in the primary analysis (40 CD patients [58% <i>NOD2</i> mutant], 32 bioresource volunteers [50% <i>NOD2</i> mutant], 25 household controls). The minimum reads per sample were 3953, mean 21216. There was a significant reduction in diversity (inverse Simpson index), <i>Ruminococcaceae</i> including <i>Faecalibacteria</i> and increase in <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> in samples from CD patients vs. controls (all p &lt; 0.0001). There were no differences in diversity or relative abundance of any bacterial families when stratified by <i>NOD2</i> status, either within the CD patients or bioresource controls. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study confirms previously identified shifts in gut microbiota in CD patients. However, no significant differences in gut microbiota were seen when analysed by <i>NOD2</i> status. This may be a reflection of sample size or of studying gut bacteria in stool as opposed to the mucosally-associated compartment. We are presently recruiting additional cases and controls to increase study power for additional analysis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Prevalence and correlates of the insulin resistance syndrome among Native Americans. The Inter-Tribal Heart Project.
Authors: K J Greenlund, R Valdèz, M L Casper, S Rith-Najarian, J B Croft
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The clustering of factors characterizing the insulin resistance syndrome has not been assessed among Native Americans, a population at high risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We examined the distribution and correlates of the insulin resistance syndrome among individuals in three Chippewa and Menominee communities in Wisconsin and Minnesota. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Cross-sectional data from 488 men and 822 women ages &amp;gt; or = 25 years in the Inter-Tribal Heart Project (1992-1994) were included. The clustering of each individual trait (hypertension, diabetes, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol) with the other traits and the association of the number of traits with measures of adiposity and insulin levels were examined. RESULTS: Among the men, 40.4, 32.6, 17.4, and 9.6% had none, one, two, or at least three of the four traits, respectively; among the women, the respective percentages were 53.2, 25.6, 15.3, and 6.0%. The percentage of individuals with each particular trait significantly increased (P &amp;lt; 0.01) among those with none, one, or at least two other syndrome traits. Having more syndrome traits was significantly related (P &amp;lt; 0.001) to higher BMI, conicity index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip and waist-to-thigh ratios. Among individuals with normal glucose levels, having more syndrome traits was significantly related (P &amp;lt; or = 0.05) to higher fasting insulin levels after adjusting for age and measures of adiposity, although associations were attenuated with adjustment for either BMI or waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: Traits characterizing the insulin resistance syndrome were found to be clustered to a significant degree among Native Americans in this study. Comprehensive public health efforts are needed to reduce adverse levels of these risk factors in this high-risk population.
Bilateral Upper Extremity Erythematous Plaques
Authors: Amanda L. Elam, Patrick E. McCleskey
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
ABC of clinical electrocardiography: Conditions not primarily affecting the heart
Authors: C. Slovis
Journal: BMJ (2002)

To function correctly, individual myocardial cells rely on normal concentrations of biochemical parameters such as electrolytes, oxygen, hydrogen, glucose, and thyroid hormones, as well as a normal body temperature. Abnormalities of these and other factors affect the electrical activity of each myocardial cell and thus the surface electrocardiogram. Characteristic electrocardiographic changes may provide useful diagnostic clues to the presence of metabolic abnormalities, the prompt recognition of which can be life saving.

It is important to recognise that some electrocardiographic changes are due to conditions other than cardiac disease so that appropriate treatment can be given and unnecessary cardiac investigation avoided 

Increases in total body potassium may have dramatic effects on the electrocardiogram. The most common changes associated with hyperkalaemia are tall, peaked T waves, reduced amplitude and eventually loss of the P wave, and marked widening of the QRS complex.

View this table:

Electrocardiographic features of hyperkalaemia



The earliest changes associated with hyperkalaemia are tall T waves, best seen in leads II, III, and V2 to V4. Tall T waves are usually seen when the potassium concentration rises above 5.5-6.5 mmol/l. However, only about one in five hyperkalaemic patients will have the classic tall, symmetrically narrow and peaked T waves; the rest will merely have large amplitude T waves. Hyperkalaemia should always be suspected when the amplitude of the T wave is greater than or equal to that of the R wave in more than one lead.



Serial changes in hyperkalaemia



As the potassium concentration rises above 6.5-7.5 mmol/l, changes are seen in the PR interval and the P wave: the P wave widens and flattens and the PR segment lengthens. As the concentration rises, the P waves may disappear.

The QRS complex will begin to widen with a potassium concentration of 7.0-8.0 mmol/l. Unlike right or left bundle branch blocks, the QRS …
333. Focused Ultrasound-Induced Transgene Activation in Skeletal Muscles
Authors: Xiaochun Lu, Georgii Sankin, John Madden, Pei Zhong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Focused ultrasound (FUS) induced gene activation in skeletal muscles of a rat model was investigated. Plasmids that encode the luciferase gene under the control of hsp70B promoter were transfected into the skeletal muscles of the hind limbs of a rat model by electroporation. One day following the gene transfection, the left hind limb was treated with 3.3-MHz FUS by raster scan of a 9x9 mm area while the right hind limb was used as control. The output of the FUS transducer was adjusted to produce a rapid in vivo temperature rise (<4s) to three different temperature plateaus in the range of 40 50°C, 50 60°C, and 60 70°C for a treatment duration up to 30s.