tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"It Is Safer to Change Many Things Than One"
Authors: Dwight L. Wilbur
Journal: JAMA (1969)

It is a great privilege to be able again to address you as your president. Since we last met in June, I have had the unusual benefit of meeting many of you in your home states and seeing and hearing as much of the developments in medicine in this country as has anyone in the profession. These observations have been in a period of great ferment and change in medicine and in our society. We are meeting now as a new national administration prepares to direct this country's affairs—a transition symbolic of the crossroads we face, of the opportunities and pitfalls just ahead. Every period of great change confronts men and institutions with both great hazards and great possibilities. Those who recognize the trends and patterns, and move with them, advance and prosper. Those who allow their posture to conflict with the tides often are swept aside or subordinated. The
P137 Interpretation of plethysmography in healthy young children
Authors: J. C. Kirkby, R. Bonner, S. Lum, P. Bates, V. Morgan, R. Strunk, F. Kirkham, S. Sonnappa, J. Stocks
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Plethysmographic lung volumes are the gold standard for identifying restrictive lung defects (reduced TLC), and are useful for delineating obstructive defects (increased RV/TLC).1 Interpretation of these measurements may, however, be limited without appropriate reference equations. The BTS recommend equations by Rosenthal2 (based on white subjects) for children. However, to our knowledge, no ethnic-specific plethysmographic equations have been published for black children, in whom lower spirometric values are known to exist. <h3>Aim</h3> To evaluate the appropriateness of plethysmographic reference equations in healthy young children according to ethnic origin. <h3>Methods</h3> Healthy children (68 black and 115 white) aged 6–12 yrs underwent plethysmography measurements according to standardised guidelines.1 Results were adjusted for sex and height and expressed as %predicted and z-scores using recommended equations.2 Unpaired t-tests were used to establish ethnic differences. <h3>Results</h3> Ethnic differences in lung volumes were dependent on the outcome: Black children had significantly lower FRC (∼6% or 0.3z) and TLC (∼8% or 0.6z), but no significant differences in RV such that their RV/TLC ratio was significantly higher (Abstract P137 table 1). In addition, relatively poor agreement between observed vs predicted FRC was seen in healthy white children. To avoid misdiagnosis, the limits of normality (mean±2 SD) need to be adjusted to cater for these discrepancies. These preliminary data suggest that, based on the Rosenthal equations, the lower limit of normal for TLC, (to detect restriction), would be ∼75% predicted (−2.1z) for black children and ∼80% predicted (−1.7z) for white children. For detecting hyperinflation using RV/TLC the upper limit of normal would be ∼148% predicted (2.3z) for black children and ∼135% predicted (1.7z) in white children, whereas for FRC they would be ∼111%predicted (0.4z) and 122% predicted(1.2z) in black and white children respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Ethnic differences in lung volumes exist and cannot be accounted for by a simple correction factor. Current paediatric plethysmographic reference equations are not appropriate, and may lead to misdiagnosis unless limits of normality are adjusted. Caution in interpretation is recommended until more appropriate reference equations can be developed. This requires prospective plethysmographic lung volume data collection using standardised protocols in children from different ethnic backgrounds.
Monitoring potential neurotoxic effects of hazardous waste disposal
Authors: Herbert H. Schaumburg, Peter S. Spencer, Joseph C. Arezzo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

This report reviews neurotoxicological principles relevant to situations of hazardous waste disposal. Some of the diagnostic techniques currently used for field assessment of nervous system dysfunction are critically evaluated. These include nerve conduction velocity, evoked potentials, neuropsychological testing and use of the Optacon.
Raman spectroscopy for medical diagnostics — From in-vitro biofluid assays to in-vivo cancer detection
Authors: Kenny Kong, Catherine Kendall, Nicholas Stone, Ioan Notingher
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2015)

Raman spectroscopy is an optical technique based on inelastic scattering of light by vibrating molecules and can provide chemical fingerprints of cells, tissues or biofluids. The high chemical specificity, minimal or lack of sample preparation and the ability to use advanced optical technologies in the visible or near-infrared spectral range (lasers, microscopes, fibre-optics) have recently led to an increase in medical diagnostic applications of Raman spectroscopy. The key hypothesis underpinning this field is that molecular changes in cells, tissues or biofluids, that are either the cause or the effect of diseases, can be detected and quantified by Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, multivariate calibration and classification models based on Raman spectra can be developed on large "training" datasets and used subsequently on samples from new patients to obtain quantitative and objective diagnosis. Historically, spontaneous Raman spectroscopy has been known as a low signal technique requiring relatively long acquisition times. Nevertheless, new strategies have been developed recently to overcome these issues: non-linear optical effects and metallic nanoparticles can be used to enhance the Raman signals, optimised fibre-optic Raman probes can be used for real-time in-vivo single-point measurements, while multimodal integration with other optical techniques can guide the Raman measurements to increase the acquisition speed and spatial accuracy of diagnosis. These recent efforts have advanced Raman spectroscopy to the point where the diagnostic accuracy and speed are compatible with clinical use. This paper reviews the main Raman spectroscopy techniques used in medical diagnostics and provides an overview of various applications.
Lacking moral fibre
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

It is strange how a phrase that you have not heard used for several decades can, like Proust’s madeleine, stir the deepest, though not necessarily the fondest, memories. I happened recently to be leafing idly through Sir Charles Symonds’s Studies in Neurology , a selection of his papers published in 1970, when he was 80 years old. The book begins with an autobiographical introduction, and on page 18 three words, followed by their acronym, stood out from the rest of the page as if in pink neon lights on a pitch black night: “lack of moral fibre”—or LMF.

How, I wonder, do the eyes, guided by the mind, …
The US sisters of the BMJ
Authors: R. M Davis
Journal: BMJ (2001)

To celebrate four centuries of British-American relations, the Library of Congress and the British Library developed the John Bull and Uncle Sam exhibition.1 One exhibit is a cartoon that accompanied an editorial in Collier's magazine in 1953 (figure*). The editorial sought to quell anti-British feelings prompted by disparaging remarks about the US made by the British prime minister. It reminded Americans of the important ties between the two nations and suggested that they sign a “Declaration of Interdependence.” The BMJ Publishing Group is contributing to this interdependence by publishing two sister journals to the BMJ — BMJ USA , which is being launched this month, and the Western Journal of Medicine (WJM) , which circulates in the western states of the US.

The interdependence is particularly evident in science and medicine. In the same year that the editorial in Collier's was published, Francis Crick (a Briton) and James …
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Authors: W B Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The laboratory transmission to animals of an apparently degenerative disease of the nervous system, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), is now well established. Important questions arising from this observation are the possibility of natural transmission or infectivity and the existence of other similarly transmissible diseases. Epidemiological studies have revealed some possible clusters of CJD and also an association with previous craniotomy, but there is no definite evidence of natural infection. A few instances have been reported of experimental CJD in animals following inoculation with material from Alzheimer's disease, but apart from this there is so far no evidence of transmission of any other form of degenerative nervous disease.
Curbside Consultations and the Viaduct Effect
Authors: Robert M. Golub
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gordon's Guide to the Surgical Morbidity and Mortality Conference
Authors: Harriet S. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Every real professor goes to bed at night praying his boss will die, resign, leave, or be fired!  Respect your elders. So what if the guy refers to phenol, alcohol, and phlogiston? He was in the trenches when you were in diapers. Show some respect!  Resident: The patient developed respiratory distress on the third postoperative day.  Braniac Professor: Did you measure his 2,3 diethyl cyclic esterase preop? (This will be asked as if this were a hematocrit.)  Maniac Professor: We see this frequently in our limb-lengthening patients.  The author of the above selections, Dr Leo Gordon, thinks that the surgical morbidity and mortality conference (M and M) is a central element of the surgical trainee's education and should be improved and reemphasized. To that end he has writtenGordon's Guideto same, inspired by Strunk and White's succinctElements of Style. It is culled from his observations at hundreds of
Latex hypersensitivity in VA healthcare workers
Authors: A.M. Chiu, C.R. Zeiss, A. Gomaa, D.N. Weissman, F.M. Murphy, M. Hodgson, D. Foster, S. Dejativongse, K. Colella, K. Kestenberg, V.P. Kurup, R.K. Bush, J.N. Fink
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Academic medicine: who is it for?
Authors: Chris Bentley, Pam Enderby
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—We are concerned about the recent trend in applications to carry out research.

One of the roles of our board is to receive annual reports from local research ethics committees. For 2003-4 applications were down on previous years throughout. This prompted us to investigate whether this was particular to South Yorkshire or a more general phenomenon.

Across all strategic health authorities the number of applications to research ethics committees in England fell from a monthly average of 1008 in 2003-4 to the current monthly average of 703. Although there is some variation, overall applications are therefore down by around 35% for local applications. However, applications to multi research ethics committees seem to have been sustained (see table on bmj.com).

These figures back up local intelligence that suggests that bureaucratic barriers, such as the length and complexity of the COREC forms and the dual hoops of research ethics and governance, are putting off those considering starting smaller locally based studies. Only those who have full-time commitment to research can afford to embrace these new systems, leading to a greater separation between academic and clinical staff.​staff.




Figure 1




It seems that the new systems have been geared up to larger, multicentre drug and biomedical trials. These, of course, are very important. However, we cannot afford to lose the wealth of evidence generated by middle range and smaller studies, particularly those pitched at development—the “D” in research and development. Clearly, interest in research is often initially stimulated by a person undertaking a small scale observation case series or pilot study. This may well be lost in the current system.

It seems not within the wit of man to develop safe but appropriately scaled processes which are not disincentives to developing our future knowledge base.
Acute myelomonocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma after sulphinpyrazone and colchicine treatment of gout.
Authors: M W Witwer, F R Schmid, J T Tesar
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Acute myelomonocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma after sulphinpyrazone and colchicine treatment of gout Mild haematological toxicity was noted during a five-month study in which 22 patients with gout received the uricosuric drug sulphinpyrazone (table 1).Eight developed a moderate granulocytopenia compared with only four out of 22 age-and sex-matched controls with rheumatoid arthritis.This difference was not, however, stat- istically significant (P=0 3).In a long-term study fatal blood dycrasias occurred in three out of 25 patients with gout who took sulphinpyrazone for 2-8 to 14 years and colchicine intermittently for shorter intervals. Case reportsCase 1-A 69-year-old house painter with a rnine-year history of gout received sulphinpyrazone regularly and-colchicine intermittently during the four years before his death from acute myelomonocytic leukaemia in 1962.No exposure to solvents was recorded.The terminal illness was characterised by considerable anaemia, thrombocytopenia, a preponderence of inmature lymphocytes with monocytoid features in the peripheral blood, and hepatic and splenic leukaemic infiltrates at necropsy.
Overexpression of Aspartyl-(Asparaginyl)-β-Hydroxylase in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Associated With Worse Surgical Outcome
Authors: Kui Wang, Jian Liu, Zhen-Lin Yan, Jun Li, Le-Hua Shi, Wen-Ming Cong, Yong Xia, Qi-Fei Zou, Tao Xi, Feng Shen, Hong-Yang Wang, Meng-Chao Wu
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The association between the overexpression of aspartyl-(asparaginyl)-β-hydroxylase (AAH) and the invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro has been reported. However, the prognostic value of AAH expression in HCC remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between AAH expression, tumor recurrence, and patient survival. We identified AAH as the most overexpressed gene in HCC by way of complementary DNA microarray hybridization. A prospective study of 233 patients undergoing curative resection indicated that AAH expression was an independent factor affecting recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 3.161, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.115-4.724, P &lt; 0.001) and survival (HR 2.712, 95% CI 1.734-4.241, P &lt; 0.001). Patients with AAH overexpression had a poorer prognosis than those with AAH underexpression ( P &lt; 0.001 for both recurrence and survival). In Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A patients with AAH overexpression or underexpression, the tumor recurrence and survival rates were also statistically different (45% and 85% versus16% and 33% in 1- and 3-year cumulative recurrence rates, respectively; 73% and 37% versus 90% and 80% in 1- and 3-year survival rates, respectively; P &lt; 0.001 for both). Furthermore, in stage A patients with tumors measuring ≤5 cm in diameter, the time to recurrence was 26.7 ± 1.6 versus 51.9 ± 2.8 months, and the 1- and 3- year survival rates were 97% and 52% versus 100% and 90% in AAH overexpression and underexpression patients, respectively ( P &lt; 0.001 for both). Conclusion: AAH overexpression in HCC is strongly correlated with worse surgical outcome, and this molecule likely provides a more precise prognostic predictor in early stage HCCs. Hepatology 2010
Lung function in asthmatic children after year or more without symptoms or treatment.
Authors: K F Kerrebijn, A C Fioole, R D van Bentveld
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Lung function was examined in 24 children who for a year or more had not received treatment for asthma or had any asthmatic symptoms. Although clinical recovery from asthma was apparent, increased bronchial smooth-muscle tone remained present, which probably renders such children susceptible to obstructive lung disease in adult life. These children should be given guidance on treatment of their symptoms and instructed in preventive measures.
Hospitals may make more money by keeping patients on dialysis than by transplanting kidneys, report says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A new strategy to increase kidney transplantations from live donors has been launched by NHS Blood and Transplant.

Although the number of such transplantations has almost tripled in the past decade to 1061 in 2009-10, and outcomes are better than for transplants from deceased donors, more could be done, the strategy says. One aim is to even out provision across the country by improving commissioning and funding arrangements. There is, for example, no national tariff that covers the complete pathway for living transplants, while there is such a tariff for kidney dialysis.

Over five years living donor transplantations …
Abstract 3417: Ezh2 is up-regulated and correlates with Ki67 and CD31 expression in human pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Roberta Ciarapica, Marco Pezzullo, Federica Verginelli, Renata Boldrini, Luigi De Sio, Stefano Stifani, Antonio Giordano, Rossella Rota
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a pediatric tumor believed to originate from perturbations of the normal development of the muscle lineage. The Polycomb Group (PcG) protein Ezh2, which was originally implicated in inhibiting homeobox gene expression during embryonic development, was recently shown to act as a negative regulator of muscle differentiation. Moreover, Ezh2 is a histone methyltransferase that is aberrantly overexpressed in most human cancers. Comparing the level of the expression of Ezh2 in RMS cell lines, a small group of tumor samples with normal skeletal muscle myoblasts (SkMC), and normal muscle tissues, we have previously observed that Ezh2 is highly upregulated in rhabdomyosarcoma tumors (Ciarapica et al., 2009). The aim of this study was to characterize the relevance of Ezh2 expression in RMS. Ezh2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 32 RMS primary tumors and correlated with the expression of the cell proliferation marker, Ki67, and the angiogenic marker, CD31. Results of these expression studies were then correlated with the clinicopathological features of the tumor samples. No significant difference in the clinicopathological variables was observed between the two major histophatological groups of RMS, the most aggressive alveolar RMS (ARMS) and the embryonal RMS (ERMS). Ezh2 expression was not correlated with the clinical parameters of the cohorts, but strikingly, a significant positive correlation was observed between Ezh2 and Ki67 expression in the whole RMS sample (r0 = 0,560; p = 0,013). The number of the large vessels was correlated with the total number of vessels (r0= 0,730; p&amp;lt;0,0001) and with the expression of Ki67 (r0= 0,421; p=0,02). In ARMS samples, the number of large vessels was significantly correlated with the expression of Ezh2 (r0= 0,559; p=0,047), the total number of vessels (r0= 0,781; p=0,02), and the expression of Ki67 (r0= 0,738; p=0,004). This study confirmed our previous observation regarding the aberrantly high expression of Ezh2 in rhabdomyosarcoma tumors on a larger cohort of samples. Moreover, the present data established a positive correlation between Ezh2 expression and the proliferative and angiogenic potential of rhabdomyosarcoma neoplasia. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3417.
Overseas talent can help us build a better NHS, says Magdi Yacoub
Authors: K. Burke
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The NHS's first special envoy, Professor Magdi Yacoub, has backed plans to bring top international consultants to England as the “correct” way of tackling skills shortages until more trainees come through the ranks.

Under the International Fellowship Scheme, up to 450 consultants will be drafted into the NHS over the next three years, mainly from the specialties starved of specialists—histopathology, radiology, cardiothoracics, and psychiatry.

In an interview with the BMJ , the heart surgeon Professor Yacoub claimed that UK doctors could benefit from sharing ideas …
Social Work in General Practice
Authors: M. Dongray
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Considerable interest to-day is focused on the treat- ment and management of stress and strain and emotional disturbance in general practice.Opinions vary regarding the extent-and importance of this prob- lem, but few would deny.that the family doctor, whether he likes it or not, is faced with a variety of social and emotional problems on which patients seek his advice and help.This raises the question of how far, in his capacity as medical adviser, he is concerned with them, and, if he feels rightly concerned, the question of what sort of help he can be expected to give.Here again
Circulating Interferon after Measles Vaccination
Authors: John K. Petralli, Thomas C. Merigan, Jordan R. Wilbur
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

LIVE measles vaccine1 given without gamma globulin protects children from the clinical manifestations of natural measles even if given as late as three days after exposure.2 3 4 Krugman et al.5 have suggested that this early protective effect may be an example of viral interference in man. This inhibition of viral replication due to a prior viral infection may be mediated by interferon, an antiviral protein made by animal cells in response to a viral infection. Interferon has been found in the pharyngeal washings of patients with influenza,6 in the spinal fluid of certain patients with viral meningitis7 and occasionally in the . . .