tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Persistent repression of a functional allele can be responsible for galactosyltransferase deficiency in Tn syndrome.
Authors: M Thurnher, S Rusconi, E G Berger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

A human hematopoietic disorder designated as Tn syndrome or permanent mixed-field polyagglutinability has been ascribed to a stem cell mutation leading to a specific deficiency of UDP-Gal:GalNAc alpha 1-O-Ser/Thr beta 1-3 galactosyltransferase (beta 3 Gal-T) activity in affected cells. To test for the possibility that an allele of the beta 3Gal-T gene might be repressed instead of mutated, we have investigated whether 5-azacytidine or sodium n-butyrate, both inducers of gene expression, would reactivate expression of beta 3Gal-T in cloned enzyme-deficient T cells derived from a patient affected by the Tn syndrome. Flow cytometry revealed that a single treatment induced de novo expression of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (Gal beta 1-3GalNAc-R), the product of beta 3Gal-T activity. In addition, a sialylated epitope on CD43 (leukosialin), which is present on normal but not on beta 3Gal-T-deficient T cells, was also reexpressed. Although no beta 3Gal-T activity was detectable in untreated Tn syndrome T cells, after exposure to 5-azaC,beta 3Gal-T activity reached nearly normal values. Both agents failed to reactivate beta 3Gal-T in Jurkat T leukemic cells, which also lack beta 3Gal-T activity. These data demonstrate that Tn syndrome T cells contain an intact beta 3Gal-T gene copy and that the enzyme deficiency in this patient is due to a persistent and complete but reversible repression of a functional allele. In contrast, the cause of beta 3Gal-T deficiency appears to be different in Jurkat T cells.
Stronger Evidence for Replication of NPPA Using Genome-wide Genotyping Data
Authors: Angela J. Rogers, Benjamin A. Raby, John Lima, Jessica A. Lasky-Su, Amy Murphy, Ross Lazarus, Barbara Klanderman, Jody S. Sylvia, John P. Ziniti, Christoph Lange, Juan C. Celedón, Edwin K. Silverman, Scott T. Weiss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

WTC dust-exposed workers (3).The caveat for the latter is that we found it as a risk factor for all lower airway diseases, including clinical forms other than IIA.Atopic status, the third most frequently investigated risk factor for IIA (together with occupational exposure and tobacco smoking), was not reported by Malo and coworkers.We identified it as a risk factor for upper but not for lower airway disease in WTC workers (6).It would have also been informative to report on the chronic upper airway disease that frequently accompanies IIA, and contributes substantially to poor symptom control and quality of life.
Evaluation of Peak Expiratory Flow Variability in an Adolescent Population Sample: From the Authors
Authors: Hans Chr. Siersted, Henrik Oxhøj
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

"Evaluation of Peak Expiratory Flow Variability in an Adolescent Population Sample: From the Authors." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 151(3_pt_1), p. 920
Pharmacological characterisation of endothelium-dependent relaxation in human radial artery: comparison with internal thoracic artery
Authors: C Hamilton
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of nitric oxide/prostanoid-independent pathways to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in human conduit arteries. Methods: Rings of internal thoracic artery (ITA) and radial artery (RA) taken from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were suspended in 10-ml organ baths and relaxation to carbachol and bradykinin studied in the presence and absence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors and potassium channel blockers. Results: No significant relaxation to carbachol or bradykinin was observed in ITA after NOS inhibition. In contrast, in RA less than 40% attenuation of relaxation to carbachol or bradykinin was achieved with any of the NOS inhibitors. In the presence of 20 mM K+ relaxation to carbachol and bradykinin was inhibited by 28±9% and 42±9% while in the presence of l-NAME 200 μM+20 mM K+ relaxation was inhibited by 66±6% and 70±4% respectively in this artery. Tetraethylammonium, glibenclamide, apamin and iberiotoxin had little effect on relaxation to carbachol but charybdotoxin alone and charybdotoxin plus apamin attenuated relaxation to carbachol by 23±4% and 49±9% in RA. In the presence of l-NAME 200 μM attenuation of these relaxations were increased to 60±4% and 78±4%. Conclusion: In ITA relaxations to carbachol and bradykinin were mediated via nitric oxide. In contrast in RA, a conduit vessel of similar diameter, both nitric oxide-dependent and independent pathways appeared to contribute to vascular relaxation. This nitric oxide-independent relaxation involved opening of Ca2+ activated potassium channel(s). The existence of alternative pathways mediating endothelium-independent relaxation could be important under pathological conditions and may contribute to the long term survival of radial artery grafts.
PGRN is a Key Adipokine Mediating High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance and Obesity through IL-6 in Adipose Tissue
Authors: Toshiya Matsubara, Ayako Mita, Kohtaro Minami, Tetsuya Hosooka, Sohei Kitazawa, Kenichi Takahashi, Yoshikazu Tamori, Norihide Yokoi, Makoto Watanabe, Ei-ichi Matsuo, Osamu Nishimura, Susumu Seino
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Cost of surfactant replacement treatment for severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a randomised controlled trial.
Authors: T R Tubman, H L Halliday, C Normand
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To estimate the cost of treating babies with severe respiratory distress syndrome with natural porcine surfactant. DESIGN--Retrospective controlled survey. SETTING--Regional neonatal intensive care unit, Belfast. PATIENTS--33 Preterm babies with severe respiratory distress syndrome who were enrolled in a European multicentre trial during 1985-7. 19 Babies were treated with surfactant and 14 served as controls. INTERVENTIONS--Treatment with natural porcine surfactant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Cost associated with surfactant replacement treatment per extra survivor in the treatment group and cost per quality adjusted life year for each extra survivor. RESULTS--Fifteen (79%) of the 19 treated babies and five (36%) of the 14 control babies survived. On average, the control babies required 20 days in hospital compared with 61 days for the treated babies (or 95 [corrected] days per extra survivor in the treatment group). The cost per extra survivor in the treatment group was pounds 13,720, with the cost per quality adjusted life year estimated at pounds 710. CONCLUSION--These costs compare favourably with those of established forms of treatment in adults. Thus surfactant replacement treatment for severe respiratory distress syndrome is fairly inexpensive and cost effective.
Potassium citrate mixture: soothing but not harmless?
Authors: R Gabriel
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Self injury and mental handicap SIR,-Like suicide, self injury is a form of self mutilation and is not always a form of attention seeking due to boredom, as Dr Brian Kirman assumes (31 October, p 1086).Suicide and self mutilation are often forms of aggression turned inwards and associated with aggression to others.This is particularly true ofthe mentally retarded.Control ofaggression is difficult but notoriously so in those severely retarded.'From 1969 onwards there have been several reports on the usefulness of lithium in patients exhibiting aggression.The patients included groups of delinquents, psychotics, and the ment- ally handicapped.The larger studies indicate a positive response in some 70-75% of cases.2These figures were confirmed in the first published multicentre double blind trial of lithium in mentally handicapped patients, published last May.3Until the survey quoted by Dr Kirma. is published it is not possible to say whether the authors were aware of this but it seems unlikely.Lithium is not necessarily a cure and is usually given only when all other methods have failed, although a plea for its earlier use in these patients was made recently.5It seems helpful in relieving aggression, including self mutilation, in these patients, which distresses them, their relatives, and staff.The grave shortages of staff trained in behavioural techniques may to some extent be relieved if this element is used with effect.The patient may become more receptive to this type of treatment.
When Doctors Become Patients
Authors: Preeti N. Malani
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Engineering and Visualization of Bacteria for Targeting Infarcted Myocardium
Authors: Uyenchi N Le, Hyung-Seok Kim, Jin-Sook Kwon, Mi Yeon Kim, Vu H Nguyen, Sheng Nan Jiang, Byeong-Il Lee, Yeongjin Hong, Myung Geun Shin, Joon Haeng Rhee, Hee-Seung Bom, Youngkeun Ahn, Sanjiv S Gambhir, Hyon E Choy, Jung-Joon Min
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Optimization of the specific affinity of cardiac delivery vector could significantly improve the efficiency of gene/protein delivery, yet no cardiac vectors to date have sufficient target specificity for myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we explored bacterial tropism for infarcted myocardium based on our previous observations that certain bacteria are capable of targeting the hypoxic regions in solid tumors. Out of several Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium strains, the S. typhimurium defective in the synthesis of ppGpp (ΔppGpp S. typhimurium) revealed accumulation and selective proliferation in the infarcted myocardium without spillover to noncardiac tissue. The Salmonellae that were engineered to express a variant of Renilla luciferase gene (RLuc8), under the control of the E. coli arabinose operon promoter (P(BAD)), selectively targeted and delivered RLuc8 in the infarcted myocardium only upon injection of L-arabinose. An examination of the infarct size before and after infection, and estimations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin indicated that intravenous injection of ΔppGpp S. typhimurium did not induce serious local or systemic immune reactions. This current proof-of-principle study demonstrates for the first time the capacity of Salmonellae to target infarcted myocardium and to serve as a vehicle for the selective delivery of therapeutic agents in MI.
Antimicrobials for acute otitis media? a review from the international primary care network
Authors: J. Froom, L. Culpepper, M. Jacobs, R. A DeMelker, L. A Green, L. van Buchem, P. Grob, T. Heeren
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Increasing worldwide resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial drugs is causing a crisis, manifested by higher morbidity, mortality, and costs.1 In 1992 the Institute of Medicine in the United States warned of the growing threat posed by resistant bacteria,2 and in 1994 the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta initiated a prevention strategy,3 linked to a global plan by the World Health Organisation.4 Proposed remedies include development of new antimicrobials, improved sanitation, and educating patients not to ask for antimicrobials when they are not useful and physicians to prescribe them conservatively.5

About 30% of British children under the age of 3 visit their general practitioner for acute otitis media each year6 and 97% receive antimicrobials.7 In America it is the most common reason for outpatient antimicrobial use. Because this use has uncertain benefits, it merits reconsideration.

Increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents has been reported for the three most common bacterial causes of otitis media ( Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis ), but rates differ between countries.8 9 In England and Wales in 1990-5, resistance to penicillin by S pneumoniae increased from 1.5% to 3.9% and to erythromycin from 2.8% to 8.6%.10

Except in the Netherlands, antimicrobials are standard treatment for acute otitis media in most developed countries.7 11 Although type and duration vary between countries, generally ampicillin, amoxycillin, or co-amoxiclav (amoxycillin-clavulanate) are preferred, with co-trimoxazole a low cost alternative.7 In the Netherlands, treatment of symptoms without antimicrobials has been adopted as routine initial treatment for otitis media,12 and this policy is associated with decreased emergence of resistance among organisms commonly found in otitis media.13 14 This approach also is being adopted in Iceland.15

Seven randomised blinded studies have compared antimicrobials with placebo in patients with acute otitis …
EGb761, an extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves, reduces insulin resistance in a high-fat-fed mouse model
Authors: Wei-na Cong, Rong-ya Tao, Jin-ying Tian, Jiong Zhao, Qian Liu, Fei Ye
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

EGb761, a standardized and well-defined product extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves, has beneficial effects on the treatment of multiple diseases, including diabetes and dyslipidemia. However, it is still unclear whether EGb761 can increase insulin sensitivity. The objectives of the present study are to evaluate the effects of EGb761 on insulin sensitivity in an obese and insulin-resistant mouse model, established through chronic feeding of C57BL/6J mice with a high-fat diet (HFD), and to explore potential mechanisms. Mice fed with HFD for 18 weeks (starting from 4 weeks of age) developed obesity, dyslipidemia (as indicated by biochemical measurements of blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and free fatty acids (FFA)), and insulin resistance (as determined by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index), compared to control mice fed with a standard laboratory chow. Oral treatment of the HFD-fed mice with EGb761, at low (100 mg/kg), medium (200 mg/kg), or high (400 mg/kg) doses, via oral gavage (once daily) for 8 weeks (starting from 26 weeks of age) dose-dependently enhanced glucose tolerance in OGTT, and decreased both the insulin levels (by 29%, 55%, and 70%, respectively), and the HOMA-IR index values (by 50%, 69%, and 80%, respectively). EGb761 treatment also ameliorated HFD-induced obesity, dyslipidemia, and liver injury, as indicated by decreases in body weight (by 4%, 11%, and 16%, respectively), blood TC levels (by 23%, 32%, and 37%, respectively), blood TG levels (by 17%, 23%, and 33%, respectively), blood FAA levels (by 35%, 38%, and 46%, respectively), and liver index (liver weight/body weight) values (by 12.8%, 25%, and 28%, respectively) in the low, medium, and high EGb761 dose groups, respectively. In further mechanism studies, EGb761 was found to protect hepatic insulin receptor β and insulin receptor substrate 1 from HFD-induced degradation, and to keep the AMP-activated protein kinase, which plays a crucial role in reducing lipotoxicity, from HFD-induced inactivation. We conclude that EGb761 can effectively reduce HFD-induced insulin resistance and ameliorate other symptoms of the metabolic syndrome.
Analysis of research findings offers value for money guidance to funders
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A new study described by its authors as “the science of science” offers guidance to funding bodies faced with more grant applicants than they can support. Its conclusion, the authors say, will help funders make the best choices and the optimum use of their resources.

This multinational study, called Project Retrosight, examined the benefits that emerged from 29 cardiovascular and stroke research projects funded between 1989 and 1993. Some of these were clinical, others focused on basic research. It has identified the features of these projects associated with a high or a low payback.

Organised by Brunel University’s Health Economics …
Spanish doctors criticised for high tech births
Authors: X. Bosch
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Spanish obstetricians are facing criticism for ignoring World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines on the care of women in labour. Most of the nearly 350000 women who have babies every year in Spain's public and private hospitals undergo routine procedures that the WHO considers justifiable only in certain circumstances. The high rate of caesarean sections and the failure to allow women to …
Halofantrine Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Authors: Jeanette K. Doorduijn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 January 1994Halofantrine Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum MalariaJeanette K. Doorduijn, MD, Pieter J. Wismans, MD, and Peter C. Stuiver, MDJeanette K. Doorduijn, MDHavenziekenhuis; Postbus 70031 3000LN; Rotterdam; The NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author, Pieter J. Wismans, MDHavenziekenhuis; Postbus 70031 3000LN; Rotterdam; The NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author, and Peter C. Stuiver, MDHavenziekenhuis; Postbus 70031 3000LN; Rotterdam; The NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-2-199401150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We studied the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of halofantrine—a new antimalarial drug for the treatment of chloroquine-and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection [1]. From July 1989 to December 1991, 217 patients were diagnosed with malaria. Plasmodium falciparum was found in 148 (68%). Fifty-one nonimmune patients with uncomplicated infection were eligible to enter the study (34 men and 17 women; mean age, 38.5 years; range, 20 to 70 years). Most noneligible patients had been treated with antimalarial drugs within 14 days or were semi-immune.Forty-seven patients contracted the infection during their visit to tropical Africa, 31 in West Africa. ...References1. Bryson HM, Goa KL. Halofantrine. A review of its antimalarial activity, pharmocokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs. 1992; 43:236-58. Google Scholar2. Carme B, Gay F, Chandenier J, Ndounga M, Ciceron L, Ebikili B, et al. Unexpected trend in chemosensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Brazzaville, Congo. Lancet. 1991; 2:582-3. Google Scholar3. Shanks GD, Watt G, Edstein MD, Webster HK, Suriyamongkol V, Watanasook C, et al. Halofantrine for the treatment of mefloquine chemoprophylaxis failures in Plasmodium falciparum infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1991; 45:488-91. Google Scholar4. Weinke T, Loscher T, Fleischer K, Kretschmer H, Pohle HD, Kohler B, et al. The efficacy of halofantrine in the treatment of acute malaria in nonimmune travelers. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992; 47:1-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Havenziekenhuis; Postbus 70031 3000LN; Rotterdam; The Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAgents Active against Parasites and Pneumocystis 15 January 1994Volume 120, Issue 2Page: 167KeywordsAminotransferasesAntimalarialsDrugsFeversMalariaMefloquineMultidrug resistancePlasmodium falciparumSafetySerum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase Issue Published: 15 January 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Relationship between genomic DNA ploidy and parameters of liver damage during necrosis and regeneration induced by thioacetamide
Authors: Carmen Díez-Fernández, Lisardo Boscá, Lourdes Fernández-Simón, Alberto Alvarez, María Cascales
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Thioacetamide proved to be a potent necrogenic agent when a single dose of 6.6 mmol/kg was administered intraperitoneally to rats. Its necrogenic ability was assessed on the basis of morphological and biochemical changes. The injury of centrilobular hepatocytes showed a peak of cell death 24 hr after thioacetamide administration; it was followed immediately by the regenerative response. Parallel increases of serum aminotransferases, isocitrate dehydrogenase and γ-glutamyl transferase activities were observed. Severe liver damage was also evident at 24 hr on the basis of glutathione depletion (29% of control), malondialdehyde production (169%), cytochrome P-450 level decrease (26%) and increased activity of glutathione S -transferase (160%). We checked the regenerative response by determining nuclear DNA content in isolated hepatocytes 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hr after thioacetamide administration. Changes in DNA cell distribution between G 0 -G 1 , S and G 2 + M phases of the cell cycle were observed. The sharp decrease in the percentage of the tetraploid cell population (G 2 + M phases) and the abrupt increase of the S-phase cells at 36 and 48 hr suggest transition from adult to fetal in hepatocyte populations obtained 24 and 36 hr after thioacetamide treatment. At 72 hr of treatment, hepatocyte populations showed recovery to adult state. In the shift from the adult to fetal, registered at 24, 36 and 48 hr after thioacetamide administration, mitosis seemed to precede the synthesis of DNA. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:912-918).
Renal Regulation of Sodium Balance
Authors: Howard S. Frazier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

FEW biologic variables are regulated as precisely as the sodium content of the extracellular fluid of normal man, and few show such spectacular deviations in human disease. The explanations for both observations are to be sought in the behavior of the kidney, which accommodates its excretory responses to dietary intakes of sodium ranging from 0 to more than 250 mEq per day. A detailed account of these responses of the whole organ has come from the clinic and the laboratory. This information and the limitations of organ physiology in describing the renal regulation of sodium balance have been ably reviewed . . .