tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coevolution of the vertebrate integrin alpha- and beta-chain genes.
Authors: A L Hughes
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1992)

The integrin receptors are heterodimers whose alpha and beta subunits are encoded by separate, evolutionarily unrelated multigene families. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from these two gene families showed that they have not always evolved in a parallel fashion. The integrin alpha chains that can form heterodimers with beta 1 do not constitute a monophyletic group, nor do the beta chains which can form heterodimers with alpha V. On the other hand, the vertebrate alpha chains associating with beta 2 are a monophyletic group. In the metal cation-binding region of the alpha chain, an exon exchange took place between human alpha M and alpha X approximately 40-50 Mya, homogenizing this functionally important region in these two alpha chains. When integrin beta chains of different functional classes are compared, nonsynonymous (amino acid altering) nucleotide substitutions that alter amino acid residue charge in the central region of the molecule occur at a rate significantly higher than that expected under random replacement. By contrast, when closely related beta 1 chains are compared, residue charge is conserved in this region. These results pinpoint the central region as a focus of functional divergence among integrin beta chains, perhaps relating to the ability of each beta integrin class to associate with a specific array of alpha integrins. Furthermore, they imply that positive, directional selection on this region has occurred in the evolution of the integrin beta-chain gene family.
Behavior of Chick Embryo Cells in Tissue Culture When Infected With Rous Sarcoma Virus. I. Loss of Contact Inhibition&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Warren Levinson, David Heilbron, Jean Jackson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Journal Article Behavior of Chick Embryo Cells in Tissue Culture When Infected With Rous Sarcoma Virus. I. Loss of Contact Inhibition Get access Warren Levinson, Warren Levinson Department of Microbiology and Office of Information Systems, University of California, San Francisco, California 94122 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David Heilbron, David Heilbron Department of Microbiology and Office of Information Systems, University of California, San Francisco, California 94122 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jean Jackson Jean Jackson Department of Microbiology and Office of Information Systems, University of California, San Francisco, California 94122 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 46, Issue 2, February 1971, Pages 323–335, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/46.2.323 Published: 01 February 1971 Article history Received: 28 July 1970 Accepted: 16 October 1970 Published: 01 February 1971
Understanding patients' experience of living with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: Arietta Spinou, Amit Patel, Rachel Garrod, Caroline Elston, Loebinger Michael, Wilson Robert, Surinder Birring
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis (NCFB) is associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, in-depth understanding of patient’s experience of living with this chronic condition is limited.

Aims: To acquire in-depth insights into the patient’s experience of living with NCFB.

Methods: This was an exploratory study, which used informal discussions and semi-structured interviews, until saturation of the topic. Data were manually coded and grouped under concepts and categories, based on field notes, memoing and audiotapes. Concepts and categories were either predefined following literature review and advice from experts, or added as new, according to the grounded theory. Data were presented as category percentages and quotations from patients.

Results: Twenty-eight patients with NCFB participated in informal discussions. New themes identified (compared to previous studies) are presented in Table 1. Twelve different participants attended in-depth interviews, during a clinically stable period. The interview participants’ median age (range) was 61 (37-78) years (3 males). Most worrying issues for participants were physical (58%), functional (17%), social (17%), and 'planning activities' categories (8%).

View this table:

Themes not previously reported





Conclusions: This study identified new health related issues from the patients perspective, and highlights physical domain has the most impact in NCFB. This data should help develop disease specific HRQOL instruments for NCFB.
PET-CT with 18F-FDG and 18F-FBEM-labeled leukocytes for metabolic activity and leukocyte recruitment monitoring in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Benjamin Bondue, Félicie Sherer, Olivier Vosters, Gaetan Van Simaeys, Gilles Doumont, Marc Parmentier, Sandrine Rorive, Simon Lacrois, Serge Goldman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

INTRODUCTION . Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by a progressive and irreversible respiratory failure. Non-invasive methods to assess disease activity are essential for prognostic purpose and for the evaluation of anti-fibrotic treatments. Therefore, we developed a murine model to explore PET techniques in lung fibrotic diseases.   METHODS.  C57Bl6 mice were used in a model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by an intra-tracheal instillation of bleomycin. At different times post-instillation,  18 F-FDG or  18 F-FBEM-labeled leukocytes PET-CT were performed to assess metabolic activity and leukocyte recruitment, respectively.   RESULTS.  In bleomycin-treated mice, a higher metabolic activity was measured on  18 F-FDG PET-CT scans from day 7 to day 24 post-instillation with a peak of activity measured at day 14. Dose-response experiments demonstrated also a correlation between SUV and the dose of bleomycin administrated. Moreover, at day 7 and 14 post instillation — but not at day 24 —, bleomycin-treated mice present a higher leukocyte recruitment as assessed by  18 F-FBEM-labeled leukocyte PET-CT. These  in vivo  data are confirmed by autoradiographic analysis of lung sections performed at the selected times (for both  18 F-FDG or  18 F-FBEM-labeled leukocytes imaging), and by anti-CD45 staining of lung sections, showing higher leukocyte recruitment in bleomycin-treated mice compared to control mice.   CONCLUSIONS.  18 F-FDG and  18 F-FBEM-labeled leukocytes PET-CT enable to monitor metabolic activity and leukocyte recruitment in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Implications for pre-clinical evaluation of anti-fibrotic therapies are expected.
Multiple Primary Cancers in 5,456 Autopsy Cases in the National Cancer Center of Japan&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S Watanabe, T Kodama, Y Shimosato, H Arimoto, T Sugimura, K Suemasu, M Shiraishi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Multiple primary malignant neoplasms in 5,456 consecutive autopsy cases from 1962 to 1981 in the National Cancer Center were analyzed. There were 285 (5.2%) double primary cancers, 58 (1.1%) triple or more, and 65 (1.2%) minute cancers of the thyroid or prostate gland. Higher incidence of second cancer is observed in cancers of the oropharynx, intestine, larynx, uterus, bladder, and thyroid. Organ association between the two cancers was present in certain organs; for example, there was a tendency for upper gastrointestinal tract cancers to be associated with lower gastrointestinal tract cancers. Influence of histologic subtypes in multiple cancer cases is discussed for lung cancer.
Relationship between quality of life, exercise capacity and disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Michelle Le Cheminant, Gillian Austin, Camilla Basu, Thida Win
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessment Test (CAT) is a new, simple questionnaire designed to evaluate quality of life in COPD patients. In contrast to more complex assessment tools (such as St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire), few studies have evaluated its relationship with other disease severity markers in COPD.

In this study we investigated the relationship between CAT score and markers of disease severity in COPD; including forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) and incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT).

Fifty patients with a known diagnosis of COPD (male: female ratio 22:28, mean age 68.1±13.3 years, mean FEV1 46.9±20.3% of predicted) were evaluated using spirometry, ESWT and ISWT. Quality of life was assessed using CAT. Mean ISWT was 182±124 metres and mean ESWT was 6 minutes 58 seconds ± 6 minutes.

CAT score correlated negatively with ESWT (r = -0.401, p<0.01) and ISWT (r = -0.30, p<0.05). There was no significant correlation with FEV1 in this study population. However, it is very interesting that CAT score is inversely related to exercise capacity. As the disease gets more severe, quality of life worsens (higher score on CAT) and exercise capacity falls (lower ESWT/ISWT). Although this concept is logical, it was not described prior to this study.

Our study showed that CAT represents a useful instrument to evaluate disease impact in COPD, when interpreted alongside complementary diagnostic information. It would be intriguing to see the relationship between CAT and other parameters of lung function, such as transfer factor and lung volume in future studies.
Abstract 3085: Predictors of Shocks in the First Year After an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)
Authors: Cynthia Dougherty, Sandra Johnston
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Determining who will receive a shock after an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a significant clinical problem because receiving an ICD shock has been linked to anxiety, depression, a...
Birth weight and adult cancer incidence: large prospective study and meta-analysis
Authors: T.O. Yang, G.K. Reeves, J. Green, V. Beral, B.J. Cairns, Hayley Abbiss, Simon Abbott, Miranda Armstrong, Angela Balkwill, Vicky Benson, Valerie Beral, Judith Black, Kathryn Bradbury, Anna Brown, Andrea Buron, Benjamin Cairns, Dexter Canoy, Andrew Chadwick, Barbara Crossley, Francesca Crowe, Dave Ewart, Sarah Ewart, Lee Fletcher, Sarah Floud, Toral Gathani, Laura Gerrard, Adrian Goodill, Jane Green, Lynden Guiver, Michal Hozak, Sau Wan Kan, Tim Key, Oksana Kirichek, Mary Kroll, Nicky Langston, Isobel Lingard, Maria Jose Luque, Kath Moser, Lynn Pank, Kirstin Pirie, Gillian Reeves, Keith Shaw, Emma Sherman, Evie Sherry-Starmer, Julie Schmidt, Helena Strange, Sian Sweetland, Alison Timadjer, Sarah Tipper, Ruth Travis, Lyndsey Trickett, Lucy Wright, Owen Yang, Heather Young
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)

Most evidence about associations between birth weight and adult cancer risk comes from studies linking birth records to cancer registration data, where information on known risk factors for cancer is generally lacking. Here, we report on associations between birth weight and cause-specific cancer risk in a large cohort of UK women, and investigate how observed associations are affected by other factors.
Non-invasive ventilation for respiratory failure in pneumonia- Outcomes in a university teaching hospital
Authors: Arun Lakhanpal, Apollinaris Kwok, Sizheng Zhao, Shankaranarayana Venkataramana Nagaraja, Gerard Andrew Dempsey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Respiratory failure in pneumonia is conventionally treated with invasive mechanical ventilation(MV). Non-invasive ventilation(NIV) has been shown to reduce intubation rates, length of stay(LOS) and improve survival rates in the Intensive Care Units1,2. We analysed the University Hospital Aintree Critical Care database retrospectively from January 2009 – July 2012 for all patients requiring ventilatory support for respiratory failure due to pneumonia. Data was recorded on mode of ventilation[NIV, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) & Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) and MV], APACHE 2 score, mortality and LOS on the unit in all cases.

Results - 398 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. There were 233 males and 165 females. Mean age-63.5 years (Range-18 to 92 years). Results are presented in table 1.

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Table 1





Conclusion- Survival within the group that received MV was 44%, NIV-68%, NIV trial then MV- 79% and significantly greater in those who received NIV(p<0.05). More controlled studies are needed to identify the criteria for patient selection and risks of failure.

References:

1. Non Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in pneumonia. Katerina Markopoulou. Pneumon. 2009; 22(Suppl 2):62-63

2. Non-invasive ventilation in community-acquired pneumonia and severe acute respiratory failure. Carrillo A, Gonzalez-Diaz G, Ferrer M,et al.Intensive Care Med. 2012 Mar;38(3):458-66.
Spontaneous, Malignant Transformation of Hamster Embryo Cells &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T Gotlieb-Stematsky, A Yaniv, A Gazith
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

Primary hamster-embryo cells were dispersed in vitro. The frequency of colony development depended on the original method used for dispersing the cells and on the number of cells seeded. Cell populations derived from passages in vitro of 3 colony isolates produced tumors when inoculated into baby or adult hamsters. Similar populations derived from primary or confluent, passaged cell cultures failed to produce tumors. The transformed cells were long, parallel fibroblasts or short, randomly arranged spindle types. It is suggested that malignant, spontaneous transformation of cells occurs within a limited number of passages in vitro and that these cells may be a factor in virus-induced cell transformations.
Does systematic assessment improve healthcare outcomes and healthcare utilisation in patients with severe asthma
Authors: Suzanne Regan, Farhana Shora, Markus Hofmann, Andrew Menzies-Gow
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  The management of severe asthma remains a significant problem in terms of patient symptoms, quality of life, effects of high dose oral corticosteroid therapy and emergency healthcare utilisation.The key to the effective management of severe asthma lies with making the correct clinical diagnosis. A systematic approach to aid effective diagnosis, identify co-morbidities and evaluate adherence was first introduced in 1993 and is now widely used. Little published data currently exists on the longer term benefits of utilising a systematic approach.   Methods:  A retrospective audit of 68 patients that underwent a systematic assessment protocol at the Royal Brompton Hospital between April 2009 & March 2010 was performed. The magnitude of improvement in asthma related quality of life, exacerbation frequency, emergency healthcare utilization and oral corticosteroid requirements was assessed.   Results:  The table below represents a selection of demographic data, confirmation of diagnosis, mortality rate, discharge and lost to follow up rates. Further data is currently being analysed and will be presented at the congress including the outcomes for quality of life, healthcare utilization and changes to treatment regimes.   Conclusion:  Systematic assessment of patients with difficult asthma identifies an alternative diagnosis in 13% of patients and one or more co-morbidity in 58% of patients referred to the difficult asthma service at the Royal Brompton Hospital.
Hepcidin as a Major Component of Renal Antibacterial Defenses against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Dounia Houamel, Nicolas Ducrot, Thibaud Lefebvre, Raed Daher, Boualem Moulouel, Marie-Agnes Sari, Philippe Letteron, Said Lyoumi, Sarah Millot, Jerome Tourret, Odile Bouvet, Sophie Vaulont, Alain Vandewalle, Erick Denamur, Hervé Puy, Carole Beaumont, Laurent Gouya, Zoubida Karim
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

The iron-regulatory peptide hepcidin exhibits antimicrobial activity. Having previously shown hepcidin expression in the kidney, we addressed its role in urinary tract infection (UTI), which remains largely unknown. Experimental UTI was induced in wild-type (WT) and hepcidin-knockout (Hepc−/−) mice using the uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073 strain. Compared with infected WT mice, infected Hepc−/− mice showed a dramatic increase in renal bacterial load. Moreover, bacterial invasion was significantly dampened by the pretreatment of WT mice with hepcidin. Infected Hepc−/− mice exhibited decreased iron accumulation in the renal medulla and significant attenuation of the renal inflammatory response. Notably, we demonstrated in vitro bacteriostatic activity of hepcidin against CFT073. Furthermore, CFT073 repressed renal hepcidin, both in vivo and in cultured renal cells, and reduced phosphorylation of SMAD kinase in vivo, suggesting a bacterial strategy to escape the antimicrobial activities of hepcidin. In conclusion, we provide new mechanisms by which hepcidin contributes to renal host defense and suggest that targeting hepcidin offers a strategy to prevent bacterial invasion.
Characteristics of Depressed Patients Who Report Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Gemma Gladstone, Gordon Parker, Kay Wilhelm, Philip Mitchell, Marie-Paule Austin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Depressed patients who had and had not been exposed to childhood sexual abuse were studied to determine differences in severity of depressed mood, lifetime histories of anxiety and depression, childhood environment, and disordered personality function.Data were obtained from 269 inpatients and outpatients with major depression (171 women and 98 men) by means of structured clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires.Forty-six of the 269 patients reported childhood sexual abuse; 40 of these were women. These 40 women were compared with the 131 who did not report childhood sexual abuse. The patients who experienced abuse did not differ from those who had not on psychiatrist-rated mood severity estimates, but they did have higher self-report depression scores. They also evidenced more self-destructive behavior, more personality dysfunction, and more overall adversity in their childhood environment. Childhood sexual abuse status was associated with more borderline personality characteristics independently of other negative aspects of the patients' earlier parenting. Childhood sexual abuse status was linked strongly to adult self-destructiveness, as was early exposure to maternal indifference.Multivariate analyses suggest that depression is unlikely to be a direct consequence of childhood sexual abuse. Childhood sexual abuse appears to be associated with a greater chance of having experienced a broadly dysfunctional childhood home environment, a greater chance of having a borderline personality style, and, in turn, a greater chance of experiencing depression in adulthood.
Durability of responses in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with high dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2)
Authors: Joseph I Clark, Michael A Morse, Michael KK Wong, David F McDermott, Howard L Kaufman, Gregory A Daniels, Jessica C Perritt, Hong Hua, Sandra Aung
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts HD IL-2 was FDA approved for advanced mRCC, but the data supporting its use dates to the 1990's. We designed the PROCLAIMSM registry, including retrospective and prospective cohorts, to study modern outcomes and interactions with prior or subsequent targeted therapies. We now
Radiological features of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) without HIV
Authors: Nobuhiro Asai, Yoshihiro Ohkuni, Ryo Matsunuma, Yoshihito Otsuka, Norihiro Kaneko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Purpose:  PCP occurs in immunosuppressed patients including those with malignancies. This study analyzed the relationship between the radiological features in chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) of PCP patients without HIV and the outcome or patient9s background.   Methods:  All 26 patients were diagnosed by respiratory samples combined with chest X-ray and CT findings. We retrospectively analyzed these data at the onset of the sickness.   Results:  Twelve patients had malignancies. Fifteen patients had rheumatic and autoimmune disease. Steroid or immunosuppressive agents were administered in 72% and 40% respectively. Five patients received PCP prophylaxis. From a radiological point of view, chest X-ray revealed bilateral infiltration in 13 patients (52%). Chest CT showed a higher proportion of diffuse ground grass opacities (GGO) in 18 patients (72%). Consolidation and plural effusion were seen in 8 (32%) and 11 patients (44%) respectively and none had cystic lesions. All CT findings were classified as follows; 17 (68%) bilateral GGO either with sharp demarcation by interlobular septa (type A) or 4 (16%) without interlobular septal boundaries (type B), 2 (8%) infiltration mixed with GGO and consolidation (type C), 2 (8%) type D representing the rest cases. There was no correlation between these radiological features and outcomes.   Conclusions:  Non-HIV PCP could show variety of radiological patterns and chest X-ray was not enough for the diagnosis of PCP. Despite our results, there still remains the possibility of the presence of the correlation of the radiological features or the patients background with the outcome and severity of PCP if more cases are studied. We expect more analysis to be done.
An ultrasonography-cytology protocol for the diagnostic management of regional nodes in a subset of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin
Authors: A. Righi, S. Asioli, V. Caliendo, G. Macripò, F. Picciotto, M. Risio, V. Eusebi, G. Bussolati
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Background The status of regional lymph nodes (LNs) is one of the most consistent predictors of survival in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). In cases of clinically localized disease, current practice involves sentinel lymph node (SLN) assessment. Objectives To propose ultrasonography (US) followed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and immunohistochemistry as a useful diagnostic tool in the pre-surgical management of patients with MCC. Methods US of LNs was performed in 75 patients with MCC (22 with stage III tumours; 53 with stage I–II). In patients with US suspected disease, US coupled with FNAC of the LN was performed. Smears were examined by routine cytological staining supplemented with immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 20. All patients underwent surgical removal of regional LNs. Results In all 22 patients with stage III tumours, US was indicative of tumour deposits and FNAC confirmed metastases to LNs. In 11 of 53 patients with localized MCC without clinical evidence of nodal disease, US revealed enlarged, equivocal nodes where FNAC was performed. Ten LNs were cytologically positive for metastases, and one was negative. Upon histological examination, the FNAC-negative case showed a metastasis 5 mm in diameter. In all the other 42 cases with no clinical or US evidence of LN involvement, only SLN biopsy was performed and in six cases small metastatic foci were detected. Ultimately, of the 53 stage I–II MCC, 17 had positive LN involvement. In 10 cases (59%) metastases were detected by FNAC, and in seven cases, were detected by SLN biopsy. Conclusions In a selected subset (∼20%) of patients with MCC with clinically localized disease, US followed by FNAC in the suspect LN is a valid alternative to the classical protocol of SLN histological examination.