tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5307: Indomethacin reverts tumor mediated immune suppression in a murine lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ada G. Blidner, Mariana Salatino, Romina A. Karas, Maria A. Jasnis, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Miriam J. Diament, Slobodanka M. Klein
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tumor-induced immune suppression is widespread in patients and experimental animals with malignant tumors and is likely to be a significant impediment to immunotherapy. Multiple mechanisms are thought to facilitate this suppression state, being Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) and T regulatory cells (Tregs) major contributors. Our aim was to analyze immune parameters indicative of immune suppression in BALB/C mice bearing LP07 (COX+) lung tumor (TBM) during tumor growth and the effect of a Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), Indomethacin, which is a non-specific COX inhibitor, on these parameters. We determined 1) the effect of Indomethacin on LP07 tumor growth; 2) the content of MDSC and Treg cells in lymphoid organs (spleen, tumor-draining lymph nodes-TDLN-) and in the tumors at different times by FACS; 3) arginase activity in lung, spleen, liver and tumor measured as µg Urea/mg protein; 4) specific Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) response with formalinized LP07 cells, by the foot pad swelling assay. Results: Indomethacin treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth. The percentage of MDSC (CD11b+ Gr1+) augmented significantly in the spleen of TBM in advanced stages of tumor progression (33 days): Normal: 2,6%; TBM 10 days: 2,4%; TBM 20 days: 5,6%; TBM 33 days: 8,3%, p&amp;lt;0,05 vs control. This rise was prevented by Indomethacin treatment (4,6%). Intratumoral and TDLN CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs frequency augmented during tumor growth, peaking at day 20. Interestingly, Indomethacin treatment decreased Treg cell and MDSC induction (p&amp;lt;0.05) in TDLN. Arginase activity increased in all analyzed tissues of TBM compared to those of control mice. Furthermore arginase activity increase in the spleen was in line with MDSC induction. Specific DTH response decreased in late stages of tumor progression, while Indomethacin treatment reversed this inhibition (TBM: 0,06 ± 0,045 mm; Indo:0,14 ± 0,038 mm). Conclusion: In our model, the increment in MDSC and Tregs frequency during tumor progression correlates with specific immunesuppression demonstrated by DTH responses and increased arginase activity. We suggest that Indomethacin treatment prevented this immunesuppression by modulating COX activity in the tumor microenvironment, which is known to activate MDSC and differentiate Treg cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5307.
EFFECTIVE NEOINTIMAL REDUCTION WITH TWO NOVEL DRUG-ELUTING STENTS COATED WITH BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER &amp;ndash; AN INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND ANALYSIS FROM THE PAINT RANDOMIZED TRIAL
Authors: Cesar Medeiros, Bruno Moulin, Airton Arruda, Marco Perin, Ludmilla Oliveira, Valter Lima, Antonio Augusto Lima, Paulo Caramori, Mauricio Barbosa, Fabio Brito, Expedito Ribeiro, Eulogio Martinez, Pedro Lemos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Adenylate Kinase-4 Is a Marker of Poor Clinical Outcomes That Promotes Metastasis of Lung Cancer by Downregulating the Transcription Factor ATF3
Authors: Yi-Hua Jan, Hong-Yuan Tsai, Chih-Jen Yang, Ming-Shyan Huang, Yi-Fang Yang, Tsung-Ching Lai, Chien-Hsin Lee, Yung-Ming Jeng, Chi-Ying Huang, Jen-Liang Su, Yung-Jen Chuang, Michael Hsiao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Biomarkers predicting metastatic capacity might assist the development of better therapeutic strategies for aggressive cancers such as lung cancer. In this study, we show that adenylate kinase-4 (AK4) is a progression-associated gene in human lung cancer that promotes metastasis. Analysis of published microarray data showed that AK4 was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma compared with normal cells. High AK4 expression was associated with advanced stage, disease recurrence and poor prognosis. Loss of AK4 expression suppressed the invasive potential of lung cancer cell lines, whereas AK4 overexpression promoted invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the transcription factor ATF3 was identified as a pivotal regulatory target of AK4. Simultaneous reduction in AK4 and ATF3 expression abolished the inhibitory effects of ATF3 on invasion. ATF3 overexpression in AK4-overexpressing cells limits invasion activity. Furthermore, patients with high AK4 and low ATF3 expression showed unfavorable outcomes compared with patients with low AK4 and high ATF3 expression. Taken together, our findings indicated that AK4 promotes malignant progression and recurrence by promoting metastasis in an ATF3-dependent manner.
US vaccine program will prevent 732 000 deaths, CDC says
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A program set up 20 years ago to provide vaccines to children from low income families in the United States will ultimately prevent 732 000 deaths from vaccine preventable diseases among children born in the past two decades, says a new report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.1

The program, Vaccines for Children, was launched in 1994 in response to a resurgence of measles that was responsible for 55 000 cases reported during 1989-91. The resurgence was largely due to a failure to vaccinate uninsured children at the recommended age of 12-15 months, the CDC said, and was linked to a reservoir of measles virus found among low income …
Is This Patient Hypovolemic?
Authors: Steven McGee
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ObjectiveTo review, systematically, the physical diagnosis of hypovolemia in adults.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE (January 1966-November 1997), personal files, and bibliographies of textbooks on physical diagnosis and identified 10 studies investigating postural vital signs or the capillary refill time of healthy volunteers, some of whom underwent phlebotomy of up to 1150 mL of blood, and 4 studies of patients presenting to emergency departments with suspected hypovolemia, usually due to vomiting, diarrhea, or decreased oral intake.ResultsWhen clinicians evaluate adults with suspected blood loss, the most helpful physical findings are either severe postural dizziness (preventing measurement of upright vital signs) or a postural pulse increment of 30 beats/min or more. The presence of either finding has a sensitivity for moderate blood loss of only 22% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6%-48%) but a much greater sensitivity for large blood loss of 97% (95% CI, 91%-100%); the corresponding specificity is 98% (95% CI, 97%-99%). Supine hypotension and tachycardia are frequently absent, even after up to 1150 mL of blood loss (sensitivity, 33%; 95% CI, 21%-47%, for supine hypotension). The finding of mild postural dizziness has no proven value. In patients with vomiting, diarrhea, or decreased oral intake, the presence of a dry axilla supports the diagnosis of hypovolemia (positive likelihood ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.4), and moist mucous membranes and a tongue without furrows argue against it (negative likelihood ratio, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.6 for both findings). In adults, the capillary refill time and poor skin turgor have no proven diagnostic value.ConclusionsA large postural pulse change (≥30 beats/min) or severe postural dizziness is required to clinically diagnose hypovolemia due to blood loss, although these findings are often absent after moderate amounts of blood loss. In patients with vomiting, diarrhea, or decreased oral intake, few findings have proven utility, and clinicians should measure serum electrolytes, serum blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels when diagnostic certainty is required.
Fusion Images of Tl-201 SPECT and FDG PET With CT in Detection of Cervical Carcinoma With Bladder Invasion
Authors: Kuo-Yang Yen, Ji-An Liang, An-Cheng Shiau, Te-Chun Hsieh, Shung-Shung Sun, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (Tl-201 SPECT) and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) are accurate and excellent methods for detecting malignant tumors and related metabolic abnormalities. However, there are still some limitations in clinical application. The major limitation of SPECT is poor image resolution. PET is less sensitive for detecting lesions of the urinary system adjacent to the bladder because of bladder radioactivity. Both T1-201 and F-18 FDG PET often provide less information than x-ray computed tomography (CT) about the anatomic landmarks needed to precisely locate lesions. Recent development of multimodality image registration and fusion has been shown to be an excellent tool to resolve these drawbacks. The authors present a rare case of residual cervical carcinoma with bladder invasion, which was detected by fusion imaging of Tl-201 SPECT and FDG PET with CT. This noninvasive image technique may become a valuable alternative to identify bladder invasion in cervical cancer.
PTU-136 Does total number and positive lymph node ratio have an impact on outcome following surgical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma?
Authors: A Hakeem, G Marangoni, S Chapman, R Young, A Nair, E Hidalgo, G Toogood, J P A Lodge, K R Prasad
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Lymph node status is an important predictor of survival following resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA). Controversies still exist regarding the extent of lymphadenectomy and whether an extended lymph node dissection improves outcome. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of the total number of nodes removed and positive lymphnode ratio (LNR) on overall and disease-free survival in patients undergoing resection for HCCA. <h3>Methods</h3> From 1994 to 2010, 84 HCCA were resected at our Institution. Seventy-eight patients with available data were included in our analysis. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated and stratified according to the number of lymph nodes excised and positive LNR at different cut-off levels. <h3>Results</h3> An average of 13.8 lymph nodes were removed. 45 patients (57.7%) had a positive lymph node status, with a mean of 3.2 involved nodes per patient. 1, 5 and 10-year OS for N+ status was 60%, 10% and 10%, while N- OS was 82%, 41% and 41% (p=0.000). Similarly, 1, 5 and 10-year DFS was worse in the N+ group (71%, 45% and 42%) compared to N- (91%, 65% and 60%) (p=0.045). There was no difference in 1, 5 and 10-year OS (70%, 23%, 20% <i>vs</i> 70%, 23% and 20%, p=0.690) and DFS (78%, 48% and 48% v<i>s</i> 82%, 58% and 58%, p=0.305) when &lt;10 nodes were removed (n=39) compared to ≥10 nodes (n=36). There was no difference in 1, 5 and 10-year OS (63%, 9% and 9% vs 60%, 10% and 10%, p=0.562) and DFS (78%, 40% and 40% vs 65%, 46% and 40%, p=0.795) when LNR &lt;0.25 (n=22) was compared to LNR &gt;0.25 (n=23). No difference was found when a cut-off of 15 total excised lymphnodes and LNR of 0.50 was used. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The overall number of lymphnodes excised and positive LNR did not correlate with overall and DFS in resected HCCA. Larger, prospective studies are necessary to confirm these results. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Iron in Bread-Reply
Authors: Alexander M. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> For reasons of fairness, the Food and Drug Administration has adopted a policy of strict "separation of functions" with respect to all matters subject to formal public hearings. In these matters, the Bureau acts as the advocate for its position in the hearing held before the Administrative Law Judge, and the office of the Commissioner is precluded from any contact with the Bureau on that matter after the notice of hearing has been published in the<i>Federal Register</i>. After the hearing is completed, the Administrative Law Judge transmits the record, together with his recommendations, to me for a decision. I act, in this capacity, in the same way as does a judge who hears a case tried before him. I am precluded from any discussion of the matter that might be construed as prejudgment, from any contact with the Bureau or any other party, or from consideration
The big difference
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2002)

I recently spent five days in a private hospital, where I had a routine operation. A few days later, for reasons with which I won't bore you, I was admitted to an NHS hospital, where I had another operation. This was hardly a randomised controlled trial, but it did make for some interesting comparisons.

In terms of creature comforts, the private hospital won hands down. My room had a plush carpet, an en suite bathroom, and a wide screen television with …
Four-sight in hindsight: The existence of magical numbers in vision
Authors: Ronald A. Rensink
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The capacity of visual attention/STM can be determined by change-detection experiments. Detecting the presence of change leads to an estimate of 4 items, while detecting the absence of change leads to an estimate of 1 item. Thus, there are two magical numbers in vision: 4 and 1. The underlying limits, however, are not necessarily those of central STM.
Strategies to Expand Transduced Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Vivo
Authors: Janis L Abkowitz, Daniela Golinelli, Peter Guttorp
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Data in mice suggest that in vivo selection strategies will expand the numbers of transduced hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to levels sufficient for clinical therapies, and it is argued that comparable strategies will benefit larger animals and humans. To test this assumption, we performed virtual gene therapy in mouse and cat, species in which the in vivo kinetics of HSC are defined. In the simulated experiments, 10% of HSC and 50% of short-term repopulating cells were transduced with a gene allowing a conditional replication or apoptosis advantage. After transplantation, differentiation proceeded stochastically and contributions of transduced cells were tracked for 2 years. Fifty independent transplantations were simulated per species for each analysis. When transduced HSC had a 2-fold increased chance of replication (self-renewal) extending for 4, 10, or 20 weeks after transplantation, or a 5-fold replication advantage extending for 4 weeks, results in mice were far better than in cat, a larger animal, with slower baseline HSC cell cycle kinetics. Similarly, when transduced HSC had a 2-, 4-, or 10-fold decreased chance of apoptosis, extending for 20 or more weeks after transplantation, the murine studies were poor predictors of feline results. Simulation may allow one to optimize and/or understand the limitations of a gene therapy strategy.
Nurses Back to Work
Authors: CHARLES H. WHITE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1982Nurses Back to WorkCHARLES H. WHITE, PH.DCHARLES H. WHITE, PH.DSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-5-782_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by Aiken and associates (1) recommended increased salaries as the single solution to the nursing shortage, and we disagreed with that view (2).Results of the California Hospital Association's fifth annual survey of employment of registered nurses in California hospitals reversed previous indicators of worsening shortage. More nurses worked fulltime in 1981 than in 4 previous years. The hiring of nurses increased, vacancy rates declined, and turnover rates were at their lowest point since 1977. The number of hospitals reporting difficulty recruiting nurses declined from 85% to 67%. Use of nursing registries or temporary personnel...References1. AIKENBLENDONROGERS LRD. The shortage of hospital nurses: a new perspective. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:365-372. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WHITE C. Shortage of hospital nurses [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:248. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: California Hospital Association Sacramento, CA 95814 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1982Volume 97, Issue 5Page: 782-782 Issue Published: 1 November 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Lower-Extremity Shunts for Hemodialysis
Authors: Tanous D. Faris
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Thirty-two shunt procedures for hemodialysis were performed in the lower extremities. There were 26 Teflon and Teflon-Silastic (fluorocarbon-siliconized rubber) arteriovenous cannulas and six arteriovenous anastomoses. Three fistulas were used, with Teflon-Silastic venovenous cannulas in the great saphenous vein. The duration of function was short and the incidence of thrombosis high with the peripheral arteriovenous and venovenous plastic shunts. Both anterior tibial arterial cannulas in the midleg gave prolonged excellent flow. Venipuncture of the arterialized great saphenous vein proved to be difficult. The lower extremities provide additional sites for shunts; however, the arms have been superior and are used if satisfactory vessels are available. More proximal leg shunts may prove to be an exception and become important for self-dialysis.
Umbilical cord blood expansion with nicotinamide provides long-term multilineage engraftment
Authors: Mitchell E. Horwitz, Nelson J. Chao, David A. Rizzieri, Gwynn D. Long, Keith M. Sullivan, Cristina Gasparetto, John P. Chute, Ashley Morris, Carolyn McDonald, Barbara Waters-Pick, Patrick Stiff, Steven Wease, Amnon Peled, David Snyder, Einat Galamidi Cohen, Hadas Shoham, Efrat Landau, Etty Friend, Iddo Peleg, Dorit Aschengrau, Dima Yackoubov, Joanne Kurtzberg, Tony Peled
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Delayed hematopoietic recovery is a major drawback of umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation. Transplantation of ex vivo-expanded UCB shortens time to hematopoietic recovery, but long-term, robust engraftment by the expanded unit has yet to be demonstrated. We tested the hypothesis that a UCB-derived cell product consisting of stem cells expanded for 21 days in the presence of nicotinamide and a noncultured T cell fraction (NiCord) can accelerate hematopoietic recovery and provide long-term engraftment.In a phase I trial, 11 adults with hematologic malignancies received myeloablative bone marrow conditioning followed by transplantation with NiCord and a second unmanipulated UCB unit. Safety, hematopoietic recovery, and donor engraftment were assessed and compared with historical controls.No adverse events were attributable to the infusion of NiCord. Complete or partial neutrophil and T cell engraftment derived from NiCord was observed in 8 patients, and NiCord engraftment remained stable in all patients, with a median follow-up of 21 months. Two patients achieved long-term engraftment with the unmanipulated unit. Patients transplanted with NiCord achieved earlier median neutrophil recovery (13 vs. 25 days, P < 0.001) compared with that seen in historical controls. The 1-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 82% and 73%, respectively.UCB-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells expanded in the presence of nicotinamide and transplanted with a T cell-containing fraction contain both short-term and long-term repopulating cells. The results justify further study of NiCord transplantation as a single UCB graft. If long-term safety is confirmed, NiCord has the potential to broaden accessibility and reduce the toxicity of UCB transplantation.Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01221857.Gamida Cell Ltd.
Gradient‐Regulated Hydrogel for Interface Tissue Engineering: Steering Simultaneous Osteo/Chondrogenesis of Stem Cells on a Chip
Authors: Xuetao Shi, Jianhua Zhou, Yihua Zhao, Lei Li, Hongkai Wu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Injury to articular cartilage, especially the defects induced by degenerative diseases has presented insurmountable challenges. Elaborating a replacement of articular cartilage using biomimic tissue‐engineering strategies provides a promising remedy. However, none of the previous osteo/chondrogenic methodologies can not only simultaneously induce osteo/chondrogenesis of stem cells in one scaffolding niche, but also generate a biomimic interface between the formed osteogenic and chondrogenic zones. We report here an innovative method using biomicrofluidic techniques to simultaneously steer distinct specialized differentiation of stem cells into chondrocytes and osteoblasts in one hydrogel slab. Importantly, a gradient that mimics the interface of bone‐to‐cartilage was generated in the middle of the hydrogel slab. We compared this format with the conventional method for osteochondrogenesis; this format using the gradient‐generating microfluidic device indicated outstanding superiorities in stem cell culture and differentiation. Our findings will have a major impact on the design of versatile biomicrofluidic devices for interfacial tissue regeneration.
Changes in long term prognosis for breast cancer in a Dutch cancer registry
Authors: H. W Nab, W. C J Hop, M. A Crommelin, H. M Kluck, L. H van der Heijden, J.-W. W Coebergh
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To assess whether the long term survival of patients with breast cancer has changed with time. <b>Design</b>: Population based descriptive study. <b>Setting</b>: Eindhoven Cancer Registry in south east Netherlands. Subjects—2052 patients with first primary breast cancer diagnosed between 1955 and 1974. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Overall survival and relative survival. <b>Results</b>: Overall survival was 35% (727 patients) after 10 years, 21% (267) after 20 years, and 15% (25) after 30 years. The corresponding relative survival rates were 43%, 34%, and 34%, respectively. Survival improved from 1955 onwards for all ages and all tumour stages. Improvement was observed in both overall and relative survival. Prognosis was strongly related to the stage at diagnosis in the first 10 years of follow up but independent of stage after 10 years. Survival of patients still alive after 19 years became similar to that of the general female population. <b>Conclusions</b>: Both short and long term survival improved considerably in all age groups. This improvement was most marked for patients who were diagnosed with a localised tumour. Patients who survive for 19 years may be considered cured.