tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Health Practitioners
Authors: Michael M. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This volume, the report of a conference sponsored jointly by the Fogarty International Center of NIH and the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine, illustrates many of the virtues of well-edited conference proceedings. Insights and conceptual formulations predominate, with emphasis on change and creativity in health care problem-solving through the use of New Health Practitioners (NHPs—nonphysicians with direct patient care responsibilities). Some important themes are stressed: primary care services are in disarray; physicians alone cannot meet the demand for primary care services; delegation and teamwork can be codified and written into operational protocols; prevention is a neglected aspect of primary care programs; departments of community and preventive medicine can (and should) play major roles as change agents in health care delivery; and education of health care personnel (NHPs and their OHP analogues—Old Health Practitioners) is sufficiently well understood to make specific recommendations for training programs. Relevant questions are also raised
Hypoallergenic derivatives of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 obtained by rational sequence reassembly
Authors: Raffaela Campana, Susanne Vrtala, Bernhard Maderegger, Peter Jertschin, Gottfried Stegfellner, Ines Swoboda, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Katharina Blatt, Anna Gieras, Domen Zafred, Angela Neubauer, Peter Valent, Walter Keller, Susanne Spitzauer, Rudolf Valenta
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Acute hookworm infection revealed by capsule endoscopy
Authors: I. Wu, C. Lu, D. Wu
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 39-year-old man presented at hospital having suffered from watery diarrhea for 10 days. He had also had fever, chills and periumbilical cramping pain for 3 days. He had recently traveled to Jakarta and had taken snake’s blood and gall 2 days before diarrhea developed. Blood tests showed leukocytosis (13 070/μl), eosinophilia (6414 cells/μl) and an increased serum IgE level (360 IU/ml). His hemoglobin count was 17.2 g/dl, and a fecal smear demonstrated some ova. Colonoscopy revealed two parasites, both about 1 cm long, with one in the ascending colon (Figure [1]) and the other in the sigmoid colon. They were extracted endoscopically and proved to be hookworms (Ancylostoma species). A capsule endoscopy was arranged in order to define the extent of the parasitic infection and rule out the possibility of other small-intestinal diseases (Video). The capsule endoscopy examination identified several worms in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum and proximal ileum. Figure [2] shows a hookworm in the jejunum, which was sucking blood, with the worm’s body turning red. The patient’s symptoms subsided after a 3-day course of mebendazole treatment.
TRAUMATIC SHOCK. X. THE TREATMENT OF HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IRREVERSIBLE TO REPLACEMENT OF BLOOD VOLUME DEFICIENCY 1
Authors: Howard A. Frank, Arnold M. Seligman, Jacob Fine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1945)

Composition of Ringer's solution with glucose and alkali, per liter distilled water: NaCl 8.5 grams, NaHCOs 4.0 grams, KCI 0.4 gram, CaC12 0.2 gram, MgCl2 0.2 gram, Glucose 50.0 grams.marked venous congestion of lungs, liver, kidney, mesentery, and gastro-intestinal tract, and large effusions in the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal sacs.Many of these effusions were grossly
Return of the Rishi: A Doctor's Search for the Ultimate Healer
Authors: Bashir Qureshi
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Science deals with objectivity and reason, whereas religion is based on subjectivity and intuition. But both play a significant role in most people's lives. In the West, science generally influences a person's everyday life more than his or her religion, but in the East, the reverse is usually the case. When a person migrates from the East to the West, it is natural to experience a culture shock. Indeed, such a migrant, even a health professional, faces a two-culture conflict and needs reassurance about the genuine usefulness of Eastern as well as Western values. This is exactly what Dr Deepak Chopra has sought when writing this book. He considered Ayurvedic medicine and Transcendental Meditation—both of Indian origin—and thought that these have a more successful outcome than modern medicine in relieving stress by not only providing relaxation of the mind but also inducing a feeling of happiness from spiritual ecstasy. After
Mycobacterium fortuitum Abscess at Injection Site
Authors: William E. Clapper
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Cruz<sup>1</sup>first described<i>Mycobacterium fortuitum</i>in 1938. It was isolated from an abscess in a patient who had received subcutaneous injections of a vitamin preparation. Brock et al<sup>2</sup>reported a group IV<i>Mycobacterium</i>species (which includes<i>M fortuitum</i>) to have been the cause of a cutaneous infection. Since these appear to be the only reports of this type of infection, a recent isolation of the bacterium from the site of an inoculation of penicillin is unusual enough to be of interest. <h3>Report of Case:—</h3> While vacationing in Mexico during March 1967, a 59-year-old man contracted enteritis and for treatment received an injection of penicillin into the left buttock. He recalled that the sterile technique was minimal. Deep tenderness followed the injection and was present for the subsequent three months. When he saw his local urologist because of an obstinate genitourinary tract infection which had not
Therapeutic targeting of replicative immortality
Authors: Paul Yaswen, Karen L. MacKenzie, W. Nicol Keith, Patricia Hentosh, Francis Rodier, Jiyue Zhu, Gary L. Firestone, Ander Matheu, Amancio Carnero, Alan Bilsland, Tabetha Sundin, Kanya Honoki, Hiromasa Fujii, Alexandros G. Georgakilas, Amedeo Amedei, Amr Amin, Bill Helferich, Chandra S. Boosani, Gunjan Guha, Maria Rosa Ciriolo, Sophie Chen, Sulma I. Mohammed, Asfar S. Azmi, Dipita Bhakta, Dorota Halicka, Elena Niccolai, Katia Aquilano, S. Salman Ashraf, Somaira Nowsheen, Xujuan Yang
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2015)

One of the hallmarks of malignant cell populations is the ability to undergo continuous proliferation. This property allows clonal lineages to acquire sequential aberrations that can fuel increasingly autonomous growth, invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance. Innate cellular mechanisms have evolved to regulate replicative potential as a hedge against malignant progression. When activated in the absence of normal terminal differentiation cues, these mechanisms can result in a state of persistent cytostasis. This state, termed "senescence," can be triggered by intrinsic cellular processes such as telomere dysfunction and oncogene expression, and by exogenous factors such as DNA damaging agents or oxidative environments. Despite differences in upstream signaling, senescence often involves convergent interdependent activation of tumor suppressors p53 and p16/pRB, but can be induced, albeit with reduced sensitivity, when these suppressors are compromised. Doses of conventional genotoxic drugs required to achieve cancer cell senescence are often much lower than doses required to achieve outright cell death. Additional therapies, such as those targeting cyclin dependent kinases or components of the PI3K signaling pathway, may induce senescence specifically in cancer cells by circumventing defects in tumor suppressor pathways or exploiting cancer cells' heightened requirements for telomerase. Such treatments sufficient to induce cancer cell senescence could provide increased patient survival with fewer and less severe side effects than conventional cytotoxic regimens. This positive aspect is countered by important caveats regarding senescence reversibility, genomic instability, and paracrine effects that may increase heterogeneity and adaptive resistance of surviving cancer cells. Nevertheless, agents that effectively disrupt replicative immortality will likely be valuable components of new combinatorial approaches to cancer therapy.
Induction of rat liver parenchymal cell apoptosis by hepatic myofibroblasts via transforming growth factor ?
Authors: A M Gressner, B Polzar, B Lahme, H Mannherz
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The induction of apoptosis of rat liver parenchymal cells (PC) by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-expressing transforming fat-storing cells (FSC), i.e., myofibroblasts (MFB), was studied under culture conditions and compared with the apoptotic effect of human recombinant TGF-beta1. MFB were obtained by subculture of FSC. The TGF-beta concentration in the conditioned medium of myofibroblast (MFBcM) determined with the Mink cell proliferation inhibition assay was <0.25 ng/mL/24 in the native medium, but 1.9 ng/mL24 h after transient acidification. MFBcM added in various dilutions and for different times to PC monolayers induced progressive cell detachment from the plastic support and increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the medium. The reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity in PC (XTT or WST-1 test) was an early sign of MFBcM-induced functional impairment of PC. Short term exposure of PC with MFBcM for 3 hours was sufficient to induce the deleterious effects on PC, but neither native (nonactivated) MFBcM nor conditioned medium of untransformed FSC (FSCcM), in which TGF-beta was not detectable, were able to impair function and viability of PC. Activated MFBcM increased strongly (up to 21-fold) the concentration of oligonucleosomal DNA fragments both in the adherent and detached fraction of PC. Internucleosomal DNA fragments (DNA ladder) were demonstrated by electrophoresis of extracted DNA on agarose gels and by in situ end-labeling of DNA breaks (TUNEL reaction) only in MFBcM-exposed PC. MFBcM-treated PC exhibited intense fluorescence after staining with DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 and an increased number of cells with fragmented nuclei. All these criteria point to MFBcM-generated apoptosis of cultured PC, which were found to be very similar to those induced by human recombinant TGF-beta1. The exclusive role of active TGF-beta in MFBcM as mediator of the apoptotic effects of MFB was proven by preincubation of the conditioned medium with human recombinant latency-associated peptide, which reversed completely MFBcM induced reduction of the XTT-test and the MFBcM-generated increase of oligonucleosomal DNA fragments. Partial reversibility was reached by preincubation of the medium with recombinant soluble type II TGF-beta receptor. The data let us conclude that transformed FSC, i.e., MFB in damaged liver, could participate in the mechanisms of PC apoptosis by paracrine loops involving TGF-beta.
Opt out registers for organ donation have existed in Belgium since 1987
Authors: L Roels
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—I'm surprised to learn from Dorozynski's news article that only one other European country, Portugal, keeps a list of people who have opted out of organ donation.1 Belgium, which approved a law on presumed consent in 1986, was the first country in the world to establish in 1987 a …
T-lymphoid, megakaryocyte, and granulocyte development are sensitive to decreases in CBFβ dosage.
Authors: Laleh Talebian, Zhe Li, Yalin Guo, Justin Gaudet, Maren E. Speck, Daisuke Sugiyama, Prabhjot Kaur, Warren S. Pear, Ivan Maillard, Nancy A. Speck
Journal: Blood (2006)
Hypertension in the Elderly
Authors: Edgar R. Miller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 November 2005Hypertension in the ElderlyEdgar R. Miller III, MD, PhDEdgar R. Miller III, MD, PhDFrom Johns Hopkins Medical University and the National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-9-200511010-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Prisant LM, ed. 222 pages. Totowa, NJ: Humana Pr; 2005. $135.00. ISBN 1588291979. Order at www.humanapress.com.Field of medicine: Cardiology and geriatrics.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: General practitioners, internists, family physicians, and specialists in geriatric medicine and hypertension.Purpose: To describe the pathophysiology of hypertension in elderly patients and to characterize the rationale for approaches to assessment and treatment.Content: This book is 1 in a series of 4 published to date on clinical hypertension and vascular disease. It has 24 chapters written by multiple authors and is divided into 6 sections: basics, epidemiology and trials, evaluation and management, pharmacologic ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Edgar R. MillerIII, MD, PhDAffiliations: From Johns Hopkins Medical University and the National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 2005Volume 143, Issue 9 Page: 696 Keywords Elderly Epidemiology Geriatrics Hypertension Patients Population statistics Primary hypertension Software tools Treatment guidelines Vascular diseases ePublished: 1 November 2005 Issue Published: 1 November 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Criteria for Selective Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Women Attending Family Planning Clinics
Authors: H. Hunter Handsfield
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Clinical and epidemiologic factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection were examined in women attending two family planning clinics in order to develop criteria for selective screening. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the cervix of 98 (9.3%) of 1,059 women. Five demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics were independently predictive of chlamydial infection by stepwise multivariate logistic-regression analysis: aged 24 years or less, intercourse with a new partner within the preceding two months, examination results showing purulent or mucopurulent cervical exudate, bleeding induced by swabbing the endocervical mucosa, and use of no contraception or a nonbarrier method. A screening program that tested women with two or more of these risk factors (65% of the total) would encompass all who had a 4.7% or greater predicted risk of chlamydial infection and would detect 90% of all infections. Selective screening of sexually active women for chlamydial infection is advocated as a necessary and cost-effective public health measure.
Analysis of gene expression in normal and malignant lymphocytes using the Lymphochip cDNA microarray
Authors: Ash Alizadeh, Michael B. Eisen, R. Eric Davis, John I. Powell, Liming Yang, Robin R. Hart, Hajeer Sabet, Truc H. Tran, Xin Yu, Chi Ma, Wing C. Chan, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Izidore Lossos, Ron Levy, David Botstein, Louis M. Staudt, Patrick O. Brown
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Historians strive to improve perspective, practice of medicine
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Every so often, an article on the history of medicine will appear in a medical journal. "The Story of Famous Doctor X." "How So-and-So Discovered Such-and-Such." "Medical Practice in Ancient Land Y." One busy practitioner may gratefully skip such articles, while another may skim them. Now and then, however, it may cross a reader's mind: Why should I be interested in medical history? And why in the world would anyone spend time studying Galen's view of the circulatory system? The authors of these histories of medicine will quickly jump to answer. Some will say they study the history of medicine to inspire themselves or others about the medical profession; conversely, some use their studies to engender humility about today's ephemeral theories. Others are trying to rediscover ideas useful to modern practice or investigation, to broaden general knowledge, or to put into context modern medical theories and events—perhaps to influence science
Inactivation of the CDKN2A and the p53 tumour suppressor genes in external genital carcinomas and their precursors
Authors: N. Soufir, S. Queille, M. Liboutet, O. Thibaudeau, F. Bachelier, G. Delestaing, B.C. Balloy, J. Breuer, A. Janin, L. Dubertret, C. Vilmer, N. Basset-Seguin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

p53 has been extensively studied in external genital carcinoma (EGC), and is frequently inactivated, but little is known about the role of the CDKN2A tumour suppressor gene in the oncogenesis of EGC.To investigate the role of CDKN2A and p53 in the pathogenesis of EGCs and their precursor lesions vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN3), penile intraepithelial neoplasia and lichen sclerosus (LS).By means of CDKN2A and p53 mutation screening (single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and sequencing), methylation analysis of alternative CDKN2A promoters (methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction) and p53 immununochemistry, we analysed eight invasive EGCs (five from vulva and three from penis) and 25 precancerous lesions (two undifferentiated VIN3 and 23 vulval/penile lesions of LS) from 33 patients.p53 mutations (mainly transversions) and CDKN2A mutations (including one hot spot) were present in 75% and 50% of invasive tumours, respectively, but were absent in all precancerous lesions. Remarkably, all CDKN2A-mutated tumours also harboured a p53 mutation. CDKN2A or p53 mutations were observed more frequently in LS-derived EGCs than in human papillomavirus-derived EGCs (P = 0.053). A positive anti-p53 staining, but without p53 mutations, was also detected in 30% of LS lesions, suggesting a p53 stabilization in response to inflammation and carcinogenic insult. Methylation of p16(INK4a) and p14(ARF) promoters was not a frequent mechanism of CDKN2A inactivation.Our study shows a high prevalence of co-inactivating mutations of p53 and/or CDKN2A genes in EGC, that seem to occur preferentially in LS-derived tumours and late in oncogenesis.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Postsecretory Modification, Monocyte Function, and Circulating Adhesion Molecules in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With and Without Macrovascular Complications
Authors: S. Devaraj, I. Jialal
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Although diabetes confers an increased propensity toward accelerated atherogenesis, data are lacking on monocyte activity in type 2 diabetic patients with (DM2-MV) and without (DM2) macrovascular disease compared with control subjects. Thus, we tested whether (1) postsecretory modifications of LDL (glycation and oxidation), monocyte proatherogenic activity, and circulating levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs) are more pronounced in DM2-MV than in DM2 and control subjects and (2) RRR-α-tocopherol (AT) therapy, 1200 IU/d for 3 months, has a similar effect in the 3 groups (n=25 per group). Methods and Results —Although LDL glycation was increased in both diabetic groups compared with control subjects, AT therapy had no significant effect on glycation. AT therapy significantly decreased LDL oxidizability in all 3 groups. Diabetic monocytes released significantly more superoxide anion (O 2 − ) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and exhibited greater adhesion to endothelium than control subjects. AT therapy significantly decreased the release of O 2 − , IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte-endothelium adhesion in all 3 groups. There was no significant difference between the 2 diabetic groups for any of the above parameters. sICAM levels were significantly elevated in both diabetic groups compared with controls. AT therapy resulted in a significant decrease in sCAMs. Conclusions —This is the first demonstration of increased IL-1β secretion and increased adhesion of monocytes to endothelium from normotriglyceridemic diabetic subjects and of decreased monocyte activity and sCAMs with AT therapy in diabetic subjects with and without macrovasculopathy.
Triggering myocardial infarction by sexual activity. Low absolute risk and prevention by regular physical exertion. Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study Investigators
Authors: J. E. Muller
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To determine the relative risks of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) triggered by sexual activity among the general population and in patients with prior coronary heart disease.Relative risks and effect modification were calculated by the case-crossover method, a new epidemiologic technique designed to quantify the transient change in risk following exposure to a potential disease trigger.A total of 1774 patients with MI were interviewed in 45 hospitals throughout the United States. Data were gathered on potential triggers of MI occurring immediately prior to the event and during the previous year. Results are presented for the 858 patients who were sexually active in the year prior to the MI, with attention to the 273 patients who had coronary artery disease prior to their index MI, and the effect of regular exertion on risk.The relative risk of nonfatal MI following sexual activity.Of the 858 patients, 79(9%) reported sexual activity in the 24 hours preceding MI, and 27(3%) reported sexual activity in the 2 hours preceding onset of symptoms of MI. The relative risk of MI occurring in the 2 hours after sexual activity was 2.5(95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-3.7). The relative risk of triggering onset of MI among patients with a history of prior angina (2.1 [95% CI, 0.8-5.8]) or prior MI (2.9 [95% CI, 1.3-6.5]) was not greater than that observed in those without prior cardiac disease. Sexual activity was a likely contributor to the onset of MI in only 0.9% of cases and regular exertion was associated with decreasing risk.Sexual activity can trigger the onset of MI. However, the relative risk is low, and since the absolute hourly risk of MI is extremely low, the absolute risk increase caused by sexual activity also is extremely low (1 chance in a million for a healthy individual). Moreover, the relative risk is not increased in patients with a prior history of cardiac disease and regular exercise appears to prevent triggering. These findings should be useful for counseling patients and decreasing the fear of sexual activity that often prevents complete rehabilitation from cardiovascular disease.
Clinical Interpretation of Laboratory Tests
Authors: O'Neill Barrett
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This is the ninth edition of a paperbound book designed to assist clinicians in "selecting laboratory procedures, interpreting reported results, and synthesizing data into useful and coherent clinical contexts." The current edition has undergone extensive revision, and new sections have also been added. Although there are several encyclopedic texts devoted to clinical interpretation of laboratory data, there is a need for a handy reference source like this, and it is certainly as useful as similar competitive publications. Organized along conventional lines (ie, major sections devoted to hematology, immunology, chemistry, and microbiology), material is presented in crisp, easy-to-read fashion. In fact, if there is a weakness to the book, it may well be that some areas are too crisp and therefore lack enough detail to develop important clinical points. For example, although the author stresses use of "charts, lists, and tabular material," the section on hepatitis B is presented without the
Early lumen loss after treatment of diffuse in-stent restenosis: after one-hour study using intracoronary ultrasound
Authors: Raisuke Iijima, Masato Nakamura, Yoshihiro Nakajima, Takahiro Nishida, Tarou Tsunoda, Yuji Ikari, Kazuhiro Hara, Tetsu Yamaguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)