tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemotaxis of non‐compressed blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes from an adolescent with severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Authors: Stephen E. Malawista, Anne de Boisfleury Chevance, Eric J. Brown, Laurence A. Boxer, S.K.A. Law
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract We have defined the defect in a child with severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency‐1 (LAD) as resulting from a single amino acid shift in CD18 (from a C to T mutation at position 533) that prevents heterodimerization with the CD11 antigens to produce β 2 integrins—the first reported patient homozygous for this defect. Although beset by frequent infections, the patient has survived to adolescence despite the lack of these important adhesion molecules. Consistent with his clinical course is the ability of his PMN to respond chemotactically in slide preparations, albeit with difficulty because of their poor purchase on substrate. The operant adhesins are unknown; his polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) remain chemotactically responsive in the presence of antibodies to αvβ 3 and β 1 integrins and to integrin‐associated protein (IAP). These findings indicate that not all patients with severe LAD are candidates for early bone marrow transplantation. Am. J. Hematol. 73:115–120, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of EGF receptor expressing and DNA replicating epidermal cells in psoriasis vulgaris and Bowen's disease
Authors: M. AMAGAI, S. OZAWA, M. UEDA, T. NISHIKAWA, O. ABE, N. SHIMIZU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

We have examined the localization of DNA replicating cells and EGF receptor-expressing cells in the epidermis of psoriasis vulgaris, a benign hyperproliferative skin disease, and Bowen's disease, a pre-malignant hyperproliferative skin disease, and normal skin. DNA replicating cells were detected by anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody after incubating tissue sections with BrdU, and EGF receptors were detected by the anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody B4G7. In normal skin, DNA replicating cells were localized exclusively in the basal and suprabasal layers. EGF receptor expression was observed most strongly in the basal and parabasal layers, but diminished gradually towards the upper squamous layer. In psoriatic skin, DNA replicating cells were also localized in the basal and parabasal layers, but the number of these mitotic cells was about 10 times higher than in normal skin. In this case, more EGF receptors were detected in all viable layers of the epidermis. Apparently normal skin adjacent to psoriasis lesions showed persistent expression of EGF receptors in the upper squamous layer without an increased number of DNA replicating cells in the basal and parabasal layers. In Bowen's disease, DNA replicating cells and EGF receptor expressing cells were distributed in all layers of the epidermis. These findings indicate that the increased production of EGF receptors may be, in part, responsible for the hyperproliferative state of the epidermis and that cells in the upper squamous layer of psoriasis may have lost a mechanism by which EGF receptor expression is diminished thus allowing differentiation. This altered process of EGF receptor production may be involved in the onset of psoriasis vulgaris.
Dutch politicians struggle with disability benefit
Authors: R Pascoe
Journal: BMJ (1994)

One of the biggest questions facing the new Dutch government is what, if any, further measures to take to reduce the number of people claiming disability benefit. Three parties, the conservatives, labour, and the centrist party, have been locked in talks on forming a new coalition government since the general election on 3 May: the social security budget is proving to be one of the biggest stumbling blocks.

According to the Social Insurance Council, at the end of 1993 one in 10 of the working population was claiming either full or partial disability benefit. The cost of the benefit seems to be falling thanks to changes in the criteria for eligibility and a reduction in the level of benefits, but the conservative party in …
Starchy Foods and Glycemic Index
Authors: David J A Jenkins, Thomas M S Wolever, Alexandra L Jenkins
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Different starchy foods produce different glycemic responses when fed individually, and there is some evidence that this also applies in the context of the mixed meal. A major reason appears to relate to the rate at which the foods are digested and the factors influencing this. A similar ranking in terms of glycemic response to specific foods is seen independent of the carbohydrate tolerance status of the groups tested. Potentially clinically useful starchy foods producing relatively flat glycemic responses have been identified. Many of these are considered ethnic or traditional and include legumes; pasta; grains such as barley, parboiled rice, and bulgur (cracked wheat); and whole-grain breads such as pumpernickel. Specific incorporation of these foods into diets has been associated with reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemia and with improved blood glucose control in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. To facilitate identification of such foods, it has been suggested that the glycemic response should be indexed to a standard (e.g., white bread) to allow comparisons to be made between the glycemic index of foods tested in different groups of subjects. The scope of application of this principle is subject to further investigation. It may be used to expand the range of possibly useful starchy foods for trial in the diets of diabetic patients.
Emergency Medicine Plus: CD-ROM Adaptation of Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide
Authors: Edward J. Otten
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The modern world is divided into Mac people and IBM people, and I am one of the former. Previously, I was a FORTRAN person, and I approached computers as I would a rabid dog—only if I had no other choice. The user-friendly computers currently available make computers not only facile but fun, as witnessed by the billions of dollars and millions of hours annually spent on computer games. Not to be computer literate is to be left behind in the information age.  The software reviewed here is compatible with Macintosh computers with system 7.0 or higher. The IBM version will run with Windows 95. There is also a network version available, which could be used to connect multiple stations in a hospital or office, a big advantage over standard textbooks. Another advantage is the inclusion of a toll-free number and Internet address for technical assistance with the program.  The
Abstract P6-07-27: Body mass index and survival after breast cancer diagnosis in Japanese women
Authors: M Kawai, Y Minami, Y Nishino, N Ohuchi, Y Kakugawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Body mass index (BMI) may be an important factor affecting breast cancer outcome. Studies conducted mainly in Western countries have reported a relationship between higher BMI and a higher risk of all-cause death or breast cancer-specific death among women with breast cancer, but only a few studies have been reported in Japan so far. In the present prospective study, we investigated the associations between BMI and the risk of all-cause and breast cancer-specific death among breast cancer patients overall and by menopausal status and hormone receptor status. Methods: The study included 653 breast cancer patients admitted to a single hospital in Japan, between 1997 and 2005. BMI was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The patients were completely followed up until December, 2008. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated according to quartile points of BMI categories, respectively: &amp;lt;21.2, ≥21.2 to &amp;lt;23.3 (reference), ≥23.3 to &amp;lt;25.8 and ≥25.8 kg/m2. Results: During the follow-up period, 136 all-cause and 108 breast cancer-specific deaths were observed. After adjustment for clinical and confounding factors, higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of all-cause death (HR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.01–6.78 for BMI ≥25.8 vs. ≥21.2 to &amp;lt;23.3 kg/m2) among premenopausal patients. According to hormonal receptor status, BMI ≥25.8 kg/m2 was associated with breast cancer-specific death (HR = 4.95; 95% CI: 1.05–23.35) and BMI &amp;lt;21.2 kg/m2 was associated with all-cause (HR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.09–7.77) and breast cancer-specific death (HR = 7.23; 95% CI: 1.57–33.34) among patients with ER+ or PgR+ tumors. Analysis by hormonal receptor status also showed a positive association between BMI and mortality risk among patients with ER+ or PgR+ tumors and with BMI ≥21.2 kg/m2 (p for trend: 0.02 and 0.031 for all-cause and breast cancer-specific death, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that both higher BMI and lower BMI are associated with an increased risk of mortality, especially among premenopausal patients or among patients with hormonal receptor positive tumors. Breast cancer patients should be informed of the potential importance of maintaining an appropriate body weight after they have been diagnosed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-27.
Localisation of vitamin D receptor in normal human duodenum and in patients with coeliac disease.
Authors: K W Colston, A G Mackay, C Finlayson, J C Wu, J D Maxwell
Journal: Gut (1994)

Immunocytochemistry using a specific monoclonal antibody 9A7 gamma was used to identify receptors for calcitriol (1,25 (OH)2 D3), the active metabolite of vitamin D, in sections of duodenal mucosa. Specific staining for vitamin D receptors was largely restricted to nuclei of enterocytes lining crypts in duodenal biopsy specimens from normal mucosa. Vitamin D receptors were also abundant in crypts from duodenal mucosa in coeliac disease patients with mucosal damage and villous atrophy. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase, a vitamin D regulated protein, was absent from crypts but present on brush borders of normal villi, and on surface enterocytes in coeliac disease. Oestrogen receptor could not be identified in duodenal mucosa. These findings suggest that calcium malabsorption in coeliac disease does not result from the absence of vitamin D receptors, but rather from reduction in vitamin D regulated proteins and functions essential for active calcium absorption that are located in the enterocytes of the villi.
Alpha2-plasmin inhibitor and alpha2-macroglobulin-plasmin complexes in plasma. Quantitation by an enzyme-linked differential antibody immunosorbent assay.
Authors: P C Harpel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

An enzyme-linked differential antibody immunosorbent assay has been developed for the quantification of alpha2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin-plasmin complexes. In this method the inhibitor-plasmin complex is bound to a surface by an inhibitor-specific antibody, and the plasmin bound to the inhibitor is quantified by a second antibody, rabbit antiplasminogen F(ab')2, labeled with alkaline phosphatase. The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate by the alkaline phosphatase is expressed in femtomoles of plasminogen per milliliter, by reference to a standard plasminogen curve. Inhibitor-enzyme complexes were generated in plasma by the addition of plasmin or of urokinase. The concentration of plasmin added was well below the plasma concentration of alpha2-plasmin inhibitor (1 microM) or of alpha2-macroglobulin (3.5 microM), so that neither inhibitor would be fully saturated with enzyme. Under these conditions increasing amounts of plasmin generated an increase in both alpha2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin-plasmin complexes. Varying amounts of plasmin were incubated with each of the purified inhibitors in the concentration found in plasma, and the complexes. Varying amounts of plasmin were incubated with each of the purified inhibitors in the concentration found in plasma, and the complexes that formed were quantified by immunoassay. These studies made it possible to quantify the distribution of plasmin between the two inhibitors in plasmin or urokinase-treated plasma. In plasmin-treated plasma, 10% or less of the plasmin bound to both inhibitors was in complex with alpha2-macroglobulin. In contrast, between 19 and 51% of the plasmin generated in urokinase-activated plasma was bound to alpha2-macroglobulin. Thus, major changes in the distribution of plasma were observed, according to whether plasmin was added to plasma or whether plasminogen was activated endogenously. The pattern of inhibitor plasmin complexes generated in vivo by the therapeutic infusion of urokinase was similar to that found for urokinase-activated plasma. 23 normal individuals had low levels of alpha2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complexes, whereas six patients with laboratory evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation demonstrated a 16- to 35-fold increase in he concentration of these complexes. These data indicated that a useful new probe for the study of the fibrinolytic enzyme system had been developed.
Influence of zafirlukast and loratadine on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: Barbro Dahlén, Annika Roquet, Mark D. Inman, Östen Karlsson, Ian Naya, Gudrun Anstrén, Paul M. O'Byrne, Sven-Erik Dahlén
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SCARLET FEVER IN A LANDWARD AREA
Authors: J. Riddell
Journal: BMJ (1934)

Recent work by Smith, Andrewes, and Laidlaw is highly suggestive that tnis may be the true solution of the problem.These workers have succeeded in producing influenza in ferrets and from ferrets to ferrets thereafter by the nasal route, using bacteria-free filtrate from nasal washings from influenza patients.Ferrets were not infected by similar material from non-influenzal persons or from persons who had a cold in the head.Serum from convalescent humans protected other ferrets from infection for several months. A PLEOMORPHIC VIRUS ?If influenza is a virus disease, is it not possible to assume that the virus may be of several types, just as the pneumococcus and the meningococcus are of several " types," and that the different clinical forms of disease may depend on which type of virus is the predominant infecting agent, or even that the virus may exhibit mutation from one type to another, or again that there may be several allied viruses in the sense that typhoid and the various paratyphoid bacilli are allied but yet sufficiently different, in' that they do not confer cross- immunity the one to the other ?This might help to explain the rather anomalous questions of post-influenzal immunity as, for example, the apparent clinical fact that people who had suffered from influenza in 1890 and who were alive in 1918 for the most part escaped infection in that year.In contrast with this we find that annual influenzal attacks are a commonplace.May it not be that this hypothetical virus attacks by preference the mucous membranes or the nervous system, and that at times of epidemics the virus is more deadly, and so damages the mucosae, or so impairs the balance between the sym- pathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, or other parts of the central nervous system, that invasion by secondary pathogenic organisms is made easy, and re- ' Halliday, J.:
International Nomenclature in Clinical Chemistry
Authors: JAVIER FUENTES-ARDERIU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1987International Nomenclature in Clinical ChemistryJAVIER FUENTES-ARDERIUJAVIER FUENTES-ARDERIUSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-6-915_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In Dr. Young's (1) article about SI units and appropriate publication style, he includes chemical and biochemical nomenclature not internationally accepted. This document repeatedly does not follow the recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the International Union of Biochemistry (IUB), and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC). (Dr. Young is the president of this international federation.)The recommendations, including nomenclature of chemical and biochemical components, were approved by IUPAC and IFCC in 1978 and published in 1979 (2). Both international organizations recommended the use of current and future regulations issued by...References1. YOUNG D. Implementation of SI units for clinical laboratory data: style specifications and conversion tables. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:114-29. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Approved recommendation (1978): list of quantities in clinical chemistry. Clin Chim Acta. 1979;96:185F-204F. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. . The nomenclature of peptide hormones. Eur J Biochem. 1975;55:485-6. Google Scholar4. . Nomenclature of multiple forms of enzymes. J Biol Chem. 1977;252:5939-41. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. . Enzyme Nomenclature. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press; 1984. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JAVIER FUENTES-ARDERIUAffiliations: L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1987Volume 106, Issue 6Page: 915-916KeywordsBiochemistryClinical chemistryForecasting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Factor XIIIA subunit and Crohn's disease.
Authors: M Hudson, A J Wakefield, R A Hutton, E A Sankey, A P Dhillon, L More, R Sim, R E Pounder
Journal: Gut (1993)

Factor XIIIA is the active subunit of plasma factor XIII that is responsible for cross linking fibrin into a stable clot. Sixteen patients with Crohn9s disease were studied prospectively from relapse (Crohn9s disease activity index &gt; 150) into remission. Plasma factor XIIIA concentrations were significantly lower in active disease (median 63 (95% CI 46-72) U/dl) than remission (median 90 (95% CI 60-112) U/dl; p = 0.002). Plasma factor XIIIA concentrations correlated positively with the activity index (p = 0.005) and platelet count (p = 0.003), and negatively with serum albumin (p = 0.006). In five patients with persistent aggressive disease, the factor XIIIA concentration remained below the lower range of normal despite apparent clinical improvement in response to medical treatment. Tissues from three patients who underwent surgical resection during the study were immunostained for factor XIIIA. Gut mucosal and submucosal macrophages stained strongly for factor XIIIA. In one patient, capillary thrombi near superficial mucosal erosions immunostained for factor XIIIA in macroscopically normal mucosa. Similar changes were identified in more severely inflamed sections of intestine from the other two patients. The demonstration of significantly low plasma factor XIIIA concentrations in active Crohn9s disease, and the immunostaining of factor XIIIA in capillary thrombi in the bowel wall, suggest that activation of coagulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn9s disease. The plasma factor XIIIA concentration may prove a useful laboratory marker of disease activity.
Letter Regarding Article by Arnlov et al, "Low-Grade Albuminuria and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Events in Nonhypertensive and Nondiabetic Individuals"
Authors: Folkert W. Asselbergs, P. van der Harst, Wiek H. van Gilst
Journal: Circulation (2006)

To the Editor:

Recently, researchers from the Framingham Heart Study reported in Circulation that in middle-aged, nonhypertensive, nondiabetic subjects, low-grade albuminuria predicted the development of cardiovascular disease.1 Subjects with previous coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, proteinuria, and hypertension (≥140/90 mm Hg) were excluded from these analyses. In addition to the strong prognostic value of urine albumin excretion in the lower range, another intriguing finding was reported: Baseline characteristics did not differ between subjects with urinary albumin excretion above or below the median. More specifically, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and smoking status did not differ between these groups. All of these factors have previously been reported to influence microalbuminuria.2 In particular, blood pressure is …
Hepatocellular carcinoma and non malignant lesions in cirrhotic liver: assessment with contrast-enhanced Doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Larry Burdick, Mauro Borzio, Alessandra Maraschi, Franco Borzio, Massimo Roncalli, Gemino Fiorelli, Silvia Fargion
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
T lymphocyte subsets in inflammatory bowel disease: peripheral blood.
Authors: W S Selby, D P Jewell
Journal: Gut (1983)

Peripheral blood T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets have been quantified in 28 patients with ulcerative colitis and 26 with Crohn's disease by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies: OKT3, which detects all peripheral blood T lymphocytes; OKT4 (T cells of helper phenotype); and OKT8 (T cells of supressor-cytotoxic phenotype). Eighteen normal subjects and 16 patients with a variety of non-inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders were studied as controls. No significant differences were found between patient and control groups in the proportions of circulating T lymphocytes or their subsets. When compared with normal subjects, absolute numbers of T lymphocytes were reduced in patients with active ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease (p less than 0.05). OKT4+ T cell numbers were reduced in ulcerative colitis, whether active (p less than 0.02) or inactive (p less than 0.05) and in active Crohn's disease (p less than 0.05) Numbers of OKT8+ T cells were reduced in active Crohn's disease (p less than 0.01). There were no differences in T lymphocyte numbers between the patient groups and the disease control subjects. The OKT4+:OKT8+ ratio in patients with inflammatory bowel disease did not differ from that in controls. No relation was found between any of the parameters studied and disease activity, site, or extent of disease, or treatment with sulphasalazine or corticosteroids. The presence of Ia-like, HLA-DR antigens on T cells was detected using a double marker immunofluorescence technique. In control subjects up to 7% of OKT3+ cells were HLA-DR+. In only three patients was the proportion of HLA-DR+ cells greater than in controls. These results indicate that the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease does not depend upon an alteration in the proportion of circulating T lymphocytes nor upon an imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets as defined by monoclonal antibodies. The reduction in T lymphocyte numbers may result from mucosal infiltration. The findings also suggest that circulating T lymphocytes are not activated.
The Exclusion or Eradication of Measles: Cost-Beneficial for Whom?
Authors: Laurence S. Farer
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  I am writing to correct one misapprehension on the part of Dr Schoenbaum 1 in his thoughtful editorial, On Herds, Border Guards, and Ambulatory Infection Control. While the Ellis Island approach to quarantine was abandoned many years ago, that is not to say there is no longer disease surveillance and control at our borders.  For immigrants and refugees, scrutiny now begins at the point of origin rather than the point of arrival. Medical screening of immigrants and refugees is done before they are permitted to travel to the United States, thus eliminating the need to send people back from the port of entry. Moreover, since most persons arriving from abroad are not immigrants or refugees, the Public Health Service (PHS) has the authority to detain at the port of entry any person (eg, tourist, visitor, businessman, returning permanent resident, and returning US citizen) suspected of having certain