tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Coma Without Ketoacidosis in a Patient With Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: A. I. G. Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Geriatric Prescribing (2) Our To-day's Drugs article last week dealt with drugs used in geriatrics for disorders of the nervous and cardiovascular systems.This week we discuss various other aspects of drug treatment in old people. Drugs for Endocrine Diseases DiabetesOral hypoglycaemic agents are a real advance in the treatment of diabetes.The main indications for their use in the old are':(1) Where a low-carbohydrate diet fails to control the blood sugar.(2) Continued weight loss in patients where the blood sugar is adequately controlled by diet. (3)In blindness, parkin- sonism, or hemiplegia, for geographical reasons, or for patients who live alone, when there is danger of nocturnal hypoglycaemia with insulin.These drugs are contraindicated when withdrawal of insulin produces serious ketosis and if the untreated blood-sugar level is over 300 mg. per 100 ml.It is rare to achieve success in patients requiring more than 30 units of insulin, and the longer the duration of diabetes the less likely is it to be controlled by oral drugs.The sulphonylureas, such as tolbutamide, 500 mg.(" rastinon "), and chlorpropamide, 250 mg. (" diabinese "), are the most commonly used oral hypoglycaemic agents.Tolbut- amide is best given two or three times a day before meals as its duration is short; the initial daily dose is 3 g.for two days, followed by 0.5-1.5 g. daily.Side-effects are rare.Only if the patient fails to respond to tolbutamide should chlorprop- amide be given.This drug is more toxic, with a longer action; peripheral neuropathy and severe hypoglycaemic attacks are not uncommon.
Doctors should be trained in lifting patients
Authors: C. Ng, V. Phongsathorn, S. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Consensus clustering (CC) is an unsupervised class discovery method widely used to study sample heterogeneity in high-dimensional datasets. It calculates “consensus rate” between any two samples as how frequently they are grouped together in repeated clustering runs under a certain degree of random perturbation. The pairwise consensus rates form a between-sample similarity matrix, which has been used (1) as a visual proof that clusters exist, (2) for comparing stability among clusters, and (3) for estimating the optimal number (K) of clusters. However, the sensitivity and specificity of CC have not been systemically studied. To assess its performance, we investigated the most common implementations of CC; and compared CC with other popular methods that also focus on cluster stability and estimation of K. We evaluated these methods using simulated datasets with either known structure or known absence of structure. Our results showed that (1) CC was able to divide randomly generated unimodal data into pre-specified numbers of clusters, and was able to show apparent stability of these chance partitions of known cluster-less data; (2) for data with known structure, the proportion of ambiguously clustered (PAC) pairs infers the known number of clusters more reliably than several commonly used K estimating methods; and (3) validation of the optimal K by choosing the most discriminant genes from the discovery cohort and applying them in an independent cohort often exaggerates the confidence in K due to inherent gene-gene correlations among the selected genes. While these results do not yet prove that any of the published studies using CC has generated false positive findings, they show that datasets with subtle or no structure are fully capable of producing strong evidence of consensus clustering. We therefore recommend caution is using CC in class discovery and validation.
PREVENTION OF PERTUSSIS.Read before the Ohio State Medical Society at Zanesville, May, 1894.
Authors: GEO. M. CLOUSE
Journal: JAMA (1894)

As far back as I have been able to compare diseases, I have wondered why whooping cough was allowed to be considered by the laity as it is now, when the profession knows so much about it. There are many parents who, for want of the proper advice, have said that they want their children to have this or that disease, believing "it will not go so hard with them if they have it while young." They are not taught that adultness is a fair immunity from childish, infectious diseases, and that it is no more necessary for children to have chickenpox, mumps, measles, whooping cough, etc., than it is for them to have smallpox, diphtheria, pneumonia or any other disease. Again, they are not impressed with the fact that whooping cough is one of the most contagious diseases, and one among the most fatal diseases to which children are
The ACC Promise: A Three-Fold Plan for Mastering ABIM’s New MOC Changes
Authors: Steven Lloyd, Patrick O’Gara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)

“Any change, even a change for the better, is always accompanied by drawbacks and discomforts .” 

This issue of the Journal includes an update from the American College of Cardiology’s (ACC’s) Educational Quality Review Board (EQRB) on significant changes in the American Board of Internal
PDGF mediates cardiac microvascular communication.
Authors: J M Edelberg, W C Aird, W Wu, H Rayburn, W S Mamuya, M Mercola, R D Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The diversity of cellular and tissue functions within organs requires that local communication circuits control distinct populations of cells. Recently, we reported that cardiac myocytes regulate the expression of both von Willebrand factor (vWF) and a transgene with elements of the vWF promoter in a subpopulation of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (J. Cell Biol. 138:1117). The present study explores this communication. Histological examination of the cardiac microvasculature revealed colocalization of the vWF transgene with the PDGF alpha-receptor. Transcript analysis demonstrated that in vitro cardiac microvascular endothelial cells constitutively express PDGF-A, but not B. Cardiac myocytes induced endothelial expression of PDGF-B, resulting in PDGF-AB. Protein measurement and transcript analysis revealed that PDGF-AB, but not PDGF-AA, induced endothelial expression of vWF and its transgene. Antibody neutralization of PDGF-AB blocked the myocyte-mediated induction. Immunostaining demonstrated that vWF induction is confined to PDGF alpha-receptor-positive endothelial cells. Similar experiments revealed that the PDGF-AB/alpha-receptor communication also induces expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and Flk-1, critical components of angiogenesis. The existence of this communication pathway was confirmed in vivo. Injection of PDGF-AB neutralizing antibody into the amniotic fluid surrounding murine embryos extinguished expression of the transgene. In summary, these studies suggest that environmental induction of PDGF-AB/alpha-receptor interaction is central to the regulation of cardiac microvascular endothelial cell hemostatic and angiogenic activity.
Abstract 4412: <i>In vitro</i> activity of the novel tubulin active agent BAL27862 in <i>MDR1</i>(+) and <i>MDR1</i>(−) human breast and ovarian cancer variants selected for resistance to taxanes
Authors: George E. Duran, Heidi Lane, Felix Bachmann, Branimir I. Sikic
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BAL27862 is a synthetic small molecule that induces apoptosis due to the inhibition of tubulin polymerization via a potentially new mechanism of action. The activity of this novel compound was evaluated in human breast and ovarian cancer cell line variants selected for resistance by continuous exposure to taxanes. BAL27862 retained activity against MDR1 (ABCB1)/P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance variants, unlike vinca alkaloids and taxanes. Activity was also observed in the taxane-resistant ovarian 1A9/TxTP50 tumor cell line, which overexpresses TUBB3 and was approximately 35x resistant to taxanes. Moreover, BAL27862 retained activity in ovarian cancer cells with acquired mutations in the class I (M40) β-tubulin isotype (1A9/PTX10, Phe270-&amp;gt;Val; 1A9/PTX22, Ala364-&amp;gt;Thr) which confer taxane resistance. The MCF-7/TxTP50 breast tumor variant was 9x resistant to taxanes, and 5x resistant to epothilone B, yet retained sensitivity to BAL27862, the vinca alkaloids (vinblastine and vincristine), colchicine and anthracyclines. These cells have significantly reduced levels of the taxane-binding target, the class I β-tubulin isotype, and reduced levels of total α- and β-tubulin relative to wild-type cells, alterations which may be responsible for a 34% reduction in bound BODIPY-paclitaxel as detected by FACS analysis. Evidence of resistance to BAL27862 (3x) was only detected in the ovarian OVCAR-3/TxTP5 variant, which was also resistant to taxanes (8x), the vinca alkaloids (4x) and colchicine (2x) and ixabepilone (2x). Finally, silencing TUBB3 using a specific siRNA sensitized cells to taxanes but did not affect BAL27862 activity in both wild-type MCF-7 and OVCAR-3 cells relative to appropriate controls, suggesting that TUBB3 status may not influence BAL27862 response. Thus, BAL27862 is a new agent with a distinct in vitro activity profile against a broad panel of human breast and ovarian tumor cell lines resistant to standard tubulin-interacting agents. These data strongly support further development of BAL27862 as a novel anticancer agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4412.
A role for alpha-adrenergic receptors in abnormal insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus.
Authors: R P Robertson, J B Halter, D Porte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

To determine whether endogenous alpha-adrenergic activity contributes to abnormal insulin secretion in nonketotic, hyperglycemic, diabetic patients, alpha-adrenergic blockade was produced in normal and diabetic subjects. The diabetics had a significantly (P less than 0.01) greater increase in circulating insulin 1 h after an intravenous phentolamine infusion than did the normal subjects. During the phentolamine infusion, there was also a significant augmentation of acute insulin responses to intravenous glucose (20 g) pulses in normal subjects (P less than 0.05) and diabetics (P less than 0.02); this augmentation was fivefold greater in the diabetics. Simultaneous treatment with the beta-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, did not alter these findings. Thus a role for exaggerated endogenous alpha-adrenergic activity in abnormal insulin secretion of the diabetic subjects is suggested. To determine whether this alpha-adrenergic activity might be related to elevated circulating catecholamines, total plasma-catecholamine levels were compared in normal and nonketotic diabetic subjects given intravenous glucose pulses. These levels were significantly greater (P less than 0.02) in the diabetic compared to the normal group before the glucose pulse, and increased significantly in both groups (P less than 0.02 and less than 0.001, respectively) after the pulse. These data suggest that excessive catecholamine secretion may lead to an abnormal degree of endogenous alpha-adrenergic activity, which contributes to defective insulin secretion in diabetic subjects.
US health lobbyists outnumbered members of Congress by eight to one in 2009
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Lobbyists outnumbered US congressmen and women by more than eight to one in 2009 during the debate over health reform, and total spending on lobbying on health issues reached $544m (£370m; €400m), two watchdog groups have found.

US law requires lobbyists dealing with Congress to file annual disclosure forms. The non-profit Center for Public Integrity created a searchable database from these filings of 4525 registered lobbyists whose activities cost at least $5000 (www.publicintegrity.org/articles/entry/1953/).

It broadly grouped their affiliations and found that trade, advocacy, and professional organisations led the pack in lobbying on health, with 745 lobbyists. Among the most active were AARP (formerly the American Association of Retired Persons), the …
Staphylococcus epidermidis surfactant peptides promote biofilm maturation and dissemination of biofilm-associated infection in mice
Authors: Rong Wang, Burhan A. Khan, Gordon Y. C. Cheung, Thanh-Huy L. Bach, Max Jameson-Lee, Kok-Fai Kong, Shu Y. Queck, Michael Otto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Biofilms are surface-attached agglomerations of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular matrix. Biofilm-associated infections are difficult to eradicate and represent a significant reservoir for disseminating and recurring serious infections. Infections involving biofilms frequently develop on indwelling medical devices in hospitalized patients, and Staphylococcus epidermidis is the leading cause of infection in this setting. However, the molecular determinants of biofilm dissemination are unknown. Here we have demonstrated that specific secreted, surfactant-like S. epidermidis peptides--the β subclass of phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs)--promote S. epidermidis biofilm structuring and detachment in vitro and dissemination from colonized catheters in a mouse model of device-related infection. Our study establishes in vivo significance of biofilm detachment mechanisms for the systemic spread of biofilm-associated infection and identifies the effectors of biofilm maturation and detachment in a premier biofilm-forming pathogen. Furthermore, by demonstrating that antibodies against PSMβ peptides inhibited bacterial spread from indwelling medical devices, we have provided proof of principle that interfering with biofilm detachment mechanisms may prevent dissemination of biofilm-associated infection.
Efficacy of Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Hemostatic Interventions for Resistant Nonvariceal Bleeding
Authors: Ryan Law, Larissa Fujii-Lau, Louis M. Wong Kee Song, Christopher J. Gostout, Patrick S. Kamath, Barham K. Abu Dayyeh, Ferga C. Gleeson, Elizabeth Rajan, Mark D. Topazian, Michael J. Levy
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Autumn Books: Archetypal form of drug abuse
Authors: M. Plant
Journal: BMJ (1982)

down the day's gatherings and sat down.Only then did they see the two men.One said, 'What ?Where am I that there are also men there ?My thoughts tell me we live in a place where there are no men.Are there really men here ?' "Because these women were going to teach the men about sex.It was still early and the women just stayed around and ate.But
Bone Marrow Examination in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: GEORGE A. OMURA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1987Bone Marrow Examination in Small Cell Lung CancerGEORGE A. OMURA, M.D.GEORGE A. OMURA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-1-170_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Campling and colleagues (1) on the basis of a review of their own material, do not recommend bone marrow examination as part of the routine staging of small cell lung cancer. However, as treatment of this type of cancer improves, accurate staging may become more important. In the meantime, it should be kept in mind that a positive bone marrow specimen provides histologic documentation of disseminated disease. The other studies commonly used may provide radiographic or chemical evidence of disseminated disease but are subject to misinterpretation, overinterpretation, and so on. Thus, the bone marrow examination should not...Reference1. CAMPLINGQUIRTDEBOERFELDSHEPHERDEVANS BIGRFW. Is bone marrow examination in small cell lung cancer really necessary? Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:508-12. LinkGoogle Scholar1. CAMPLINGQUIRTDEBOERFELDSHEPHERDEVANS BIGRFW. Is bone marrow examination in small cell lung cancer really necessary? Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:508-12. LinkGoogle Scholar2. DELEOJOHNSONFORBESHAINSWORTHHANDEGRECO MDJJKF. Bone marrow involvement in small cell lung cancer. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res. 1986;27:152. Google Scholar3. JOHNSONWINDHAMALLENGRECO DWJF. Limited value of CT brain scans in the staging of small cell lung cancer. Am J Roentgenol. 1983;140:37-40. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. JOHNSONGRECO DF. Small cell carcinoma of the lung. CRC Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 1986;4:303-36. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDoes bone marrow involvement affect prognosis in small-cell lung cancer?Staging procedures in small cell lung cancerBone marrow involvement in small cell lung cancer. Clinical significance and correlation with routine laboratory variables 1 January 1987Volume 106, Issue 1Page: 170-171KeywordsBone marrowCancer treatmentMetastasisSmall cell lung cancer Issue Published: 1 January 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Importance of symptoms after highly selective vagotomy.
Authors: J R Salaman, J Harvey, H L Duthie
Journal: BMJ (1981)

showed diffuse small-bowel abnormality with signs of malabsorption and areas of narrowing.Rectal biopsy specimens showed granulomas but no tubercle bacilli.Guinea-pig innoculations for mycobacteria were negative.Crohn's disease with presumed bacterial overgrowth was diagnosed, and his condition improved with oral tetracycline, prednisolone, and azathioprine.He required small-bowel resection in September 1979 for subacute obstruction and subsequently remained well.The histology of the resected specimen was consistent with the diagnosis of Crohn's disease.
Glasgow Family Planning Service
Authors: J. A. McGarry
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Sir--Dr. Elizabeth Wilsons report (18 December p. 731) on the first year of a domiciliary family planning service in Glasgow calls for comment on many counts but I will offer only two.  It is my opinion but an alarming development when a doctor justifies her work in terms of saving money for the community.  To go into the homes of people who live with poverty unemployment overcrowding alcoholism debt and disease and offer only contraception suggests that 1984 is nearer than (we had thought).  I cannot be alone in taking exception to Dr. Wilsons statement  situation in Glasgow is complicated as 27% of the population are Roman Catholic and to the devout contraception presents an immediate dilemma.  This applies. . .  also to their medical advisers who on conscientious grounds may feel unable to participate in any family planning programme. Passing over the unsympathetic description of Catholics as complications of a well-ordered society let me record  that the Catholic Marriage Advisory Council in Glasgow has taught and supervised the use of the temperature method of identifying the infertile phase of the female menstrual cycle in over 400 couples in each of the last four years.  The services if its 12 medical adviser/health visitor teams are given free and our clients pay only for thermometers and charts.  This service (unknown to Dr. Wilson?) reflects the Catholic attitude to responsible parenthood and family life in Glasgow and throughout the country.  --I am etc.(Full text)
American Health Quackery: Collected Essays
Authors: Stephen Barrett
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Although many people have predicted that quackery would vanish as medical science developed, this has certainly not happened. Indeed, public interest in "alternatives" to proven treatment may be at an all-time high. How has quackery retained its grasp on our society? James Harvey Young, PhD, America's foremost expert on the history of medically related frauds, has produced three books that examine this question.<i>The Toadstool Millionaires</i>(Princeton University Press, 1961) traces the history of patent medicines in America from colonial times through passage of the Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906.<i>The Medical Messiahs</i>(Princeton University Press, 1967, 1992) describes the government struggle against quackery during the 20th century. His latest work is a collection of essays spanning four decades of detailed historical research. His delightful writing style combines humor, scholarship, and a deep concern for the seriousness of his subject matter. "Americans have fallen prey to quackery not
Smoking support is “excellent” in areas where it is most needed
Authors: Robert Short
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Primary care trusts in deprived areas of England and Wales have been very good at providing tobacco control services and supporting their populations in reducing smoking, a new review from the Healthcare Commission says. 

The commission, which inspects the quality of health care and public health in England and Wales, reports that almost half of the primary care trusts it rated as “excellent” in providing antismoking services were in the most deprived areas (as defined by an index of multiple deprivation). In contrast, only 20% of trusts in affluent areas were “excellent.” 

Primary care trusts in more northerly regions and …
Preterm delivery is more likely in women with depressive symptoms
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Women who have depressive symptoms early in pregnancy are more likely to deliver their babies prematurely than those without such symptoms, a new study has found.

The large US, non-profit healthcare group Kaiser Permanente, which was behind the study, had already begun using a simple questionnaire to screen for depressive symptoms in pregnant women in a pilot project in northern California and is expecting to using it more widely, said the study’s lead author, De-Kun Li, senior research scientist at the Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, Oakland, California.

The study reported that 41% of women in early pregnancy had significant depressive symptoms and 22% had severe symptoms. In comparison …
Unlocking the secrets of the pancreatic β cell: man and mouse provide the key
Authors: Andrew T. Hattersley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Failure of the pancreas to secrete sufficient insulin results in type 2 diabetes, but the pathogenesis of pancreatic β cell dysfunction is still poorly understood. New insights into β cell failure come from defining the genes involved in rare genetic subtypes of diabetes and creating appropriate animal models. A new mouse model of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus emphasizes that both the number of β cells and their function are critical for insulin secretion and may be regulated by imprinted genes.
Immune response genes control T killer cell response against Moloney tumor antigen cytolysis regulating reactions against the best available H-2 + viral antigen association.
Authors: E Gomard, Y Hénin, M J Colombani, J P Lévy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for the virus-induced and leukemia-associated Friend, Moloney, Rauscher (FMR) antigen are easily detected in the spleens of primary and secondary stimulated H-2b or H-2d mice. They react, respectively, with H-2Db + FMR and H-2Kd + FMR; Dd and Kb never being involved. On the other hand, recombinant (KbDd) mice are relatively low responders that produce CTL only after secondary stimulation. Competition and blocking experiments with monospecific anti-H-2 antibodies have demonstrated that on the same H-2b tumor cells, C57BL/6 (H-2b) lymphocytes recognize Db + FMR, whereas B10.A(5R) lymphocytes recognize Kb + FMR, the restriction cannot, therefore be explained by a specific association of viral molecules with certain H-2 products. The CTL response of (B10 X 5R)F1 hybrids is (a) easily detected in primary reaction, the high responder anti-FMR phenotype being dominant and (b) directed against Db + FMR, F1 mice being low responder against Kb + FMR like the B10 parent. These results suggest that a D region-associated immune response gene controls the cell-mediated anti-FMR reaction, the best available H-2 + FMR antigenic association being chosen by CTL precursors.