tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased fibrinolytic activity in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass operation
Authors: Omer Kucuk, Hau C. Kwaan, James Frederickson, Leonard Wade, David Green
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract The influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on fibrinolytic activity was assessed by a sensitive clot lysis assay in eight patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operations. Fibrinolytic activity increased immediately after cardíopulmonary bypass was begun and remained elevated throughout the period of extracorporeal circulation. At the conclusion of the operative procedure, fibrinolytic activity returned to the normal range in all patients, and no subject had postoperative bleeding.
Assessment of the Risk of Medium-Term Internal Contamination in Minamisoma City, Fukushima, Japan, after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Accident
Authors: Amina Sugimoto, Stuart Gilmour, Masaharu Tsubokura, Shuhei Nomura, Masahiro Kami, Tomoyoshi Oikawa, Yukio Kanazawa, Kenji Shibuya
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: The Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear disaster, the first level-7 major nuclear disaster since Chernobyl, raised concerns about the future health consequences of exposure to and intake of radionuclides. Factors determining the risk and level of internal radiation contamination after a nuclear accident, which are a key to understanding and improving current nuclear disaster management, are not well studied.Objective: We investigated both the prevalence and level of internal contamination in residents of Minamisoma, and identified factors determining the risk and levels of contamination.Methods: We implemented a program assessing internal radiation contamination using a whole body counter (WBC) measurement and a questionnaire survey in Minamisoma, between October 2011 and March 2012.Results: Approximately 20% of the city's population (8,829 individuals) participated in the WBC measurement for internal contamination, of which 94% responded to the questionnaire. The proportion of participants with detectable internal contamination was 40% in adults and 9% in children. The level of internal contamination ranged from 2.3 to 196.5 Bq/kg (median, 11.3 Bq/kg). Tobit regression analysis identified two main risk factors: more time spent outdoors, and intake of potentially contaminated foods and water.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, with sensible and reasonable precautions, people may be able to live continuously in radiation-affected areas with limited contamination risk. To enable this, nuclear disaster response should strictly enforce food and water controls and disseminate evidence-based and up-to-date information about avoidable contamination risks.Citation: Sugimoto A, Gilmour S, Tsubokura M, Nomura S, Kami M, Oikawa T, Kanazawa Y, Shibuya K. 2014. Assessment of the risk of medium-term internal contamination in Minamisoma City, Fukushima, Japan, after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear accident. Environ Health Perspect 122:587–593; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306848
Complete DiGeorge syndrome: Development of rash, lymphadenopathy, and oligoclonal T cells in 5 cases
Authors: M Louise Markert, Marilyn J Alexieff, Jie Li, Marcella Sarzotti, Daniel A Ozaki, Blythe H Devlin, Gregory D Sempowski, Maria E Rhein, Paul Szabolcs, Laura P Hale, Rebecca H Buckley, Katharine E Coyne, Henry E Rice, Samuel M Mahaffey, Michael A Skinner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Genomic Analysis of Smoothened Inhibitor Resistance in Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hayley J. Sharpe, Gregoire Pau, Gerrit J. Dijkgraaf, Nicole Basset-Seguin, Zora Modrusan, Thomas Januario, Vickie Tsui, Alison B. Durham, Andrzej A. Dlugosz, Peter M. Haverty, Richard Bourgon, Jean Y. Tang, Kavita Y. Sarin, Luc Dirix, David C. Fisher, Charles M. Rudin, Howard Sofen, Michael R. Migden, Robert L. Yauch, Frederic J. de Sauvage
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
Endotracheal Intubation in Guillain-Barré Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Robert M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> It is generally conceded that the incidence of complications increases with increasing duration of intubation, whether translaryngeal or transtracheal, in a linear correlation.<sup>1</sup>In addition, a closer look at the study by Allen and Steven<sup>2</sup>shows that 87% of their patients were intubated for two weeks or less and only 4% for greater than four weeks. Also, 22% of the patients died, indicating that possibly more lesions might have been discovered later if these patients had survived. So, although Dr Beer's report is supportive and reassuring, to our viewpoint, a note of caution must be injected. Certainly, we also have had patients with various forms of respiratory failure with successful use of translaryngeal intubation for periods substantially longer than two weeks in our institutions. It must be stressed, however, that these cases are sporadic and anecdotal. As indicated by our article, available evidence now implies that
Comparing Quality, Safety, and Costs of Colonoscopies Performed by Nurse vs Physician Trainees
Authors: Renate Massl, Paul G van Putten, Ewout W Steyerberg, Anthonie J P van Tilburg, Jonathan Y L Lai, Rogier J J de Ridder, Johnannes T Brouwer, Robert J Verburg, Joyce Alderliesten, Erik J Schoon, Monique E van Leerdam, Ernst J Kuipers
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Effect of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection on Bone Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Kavinderjit S. Nanda, Elizabeth J. Ryan, Barbara F. Murray, Jennifer J. Brady, Malachi J. McKenna, Niamh Nolan, Cliona O'Farrelly, John E. Hegarty
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Patients are losing sight because of rising demand in eye clinics
Authors: S. Hives-Wood
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Overstretched eye clinics are too busy to deliver prompt treatment, resulting in many patients losing their sight, a charity has warned.

A survey by the Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) found that 37% of ophthalmic professionals in England who responded admitted that patients were losing their sight because of lack of capacity in clinics.1 The charity surveyed ophthalmic professionals in summer 2013 and received a total of 172 responses, including 91 from ophthalmologists.

Lesley-Anne Alexander, RNIB’s chief executive, said, “These statistics are shameful, as nobody should lose their sight from a treatable condition simply because their eye clinic is too busy to provide care in a clinically appropriate manner.” 

Over 80% of respondents …
Doctor died while assisting inquiry into deaths in Iranian detention centre
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An Iranian prison doctor who spoke out against the suspicious deaths of a number of prisoners in detention has himself died in what seem to be mysterious circumstances.

Ramin Pourandarjani, a 26 year old physician who was working as a prison doctor during his compulsory military service, died on 10 November at Tehran’s police headquarters. His death has officially been attributed to suicide, but this claim has been disputed by his family. Doctors’ and human rights groups are calling for a full inquiry because Dr Pourandarjani had allegedly received death threats to deter him from revealing the extent of the abuses that he had observed.

Physicians for Human Rights, Amnesty International, and the International …
Intraluminal flow increases vascular tone and 45Ca2+ influx in the rabbit facial vein.
Authors: D Henrion, I Laher, J A Bevan
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The buccal segment of the rabbit facial vein exhibits a high level of myogenic tone in vitro that develops only in stretched vessel segments between 33 degrees and 44 degrees C. The infusion of physiological salt solution into the lumen of 2-mm-long rabbit facial vein segments induced a flow rate-dependent increase in wall tone, both in the presence (37 degrees C) and absence (30 degrees C) of myogenic tone. In calcium-free physiological solution with EGTA, neither flow nor stretch-induced tone was observed. This flow-induced contraction was associated with an increase in 45Ca2+ unidirectional influx and net uptake. These measurements correlated positively with the level of the associated constrictor responses, both in the presence or absence of myogenic tone. The mean contractile responses to flow (10 and 40 microliters/min), stretch, and histamine (1 microM) were 13%, 28%, 24%, and 33% of the tissue maximal response, respectively. When 45Ca2+ influx was expressed in relation to the force development (45Ca2+ influx per milligram), the amount of calcium entry was dependent on the stimulus. Values for 45Ca2+ influx per milligram in response to flow (10 and 40 microliters/min) and to histamine (1 microM) were not significantly different. The value was significantly lower for the response to stretch. On the other hand, 45Ca2+ net uptake, when expressed per unit force, was similar in response to flow (10 and 40 microliters/min), histamine (1 microM), and stretch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Violence Our Violent Country Does to Others
Authors: Henry T. Wasserman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In this year of the 500th anniversary of the Columbus' landing in America, I'd like to offer some ideas on violence in the Americas, rather than just violence in the United States. I am a public health physician who was born and raised in Latin America, but I have had all of my medical training in the United States. It seems to me that with an ethnocentric view of sociological problems in this country, it is easy to forget the violent effects of our own society on neighboring countries. Thus, it is common to read nowadays<sup>1</sup>about the epidemiology of homicide, rape, suicide, and abuse of elders, spouses, and children. While all of these are problems that affect all societies, is it not true that maybe there is another type of violence, which we could describe as the violence of one culture against another? What I
Long-Term Survival of Patients With Myeloma of the Vertebral Column
Authors: Donald M. Cohen, Hendrik J. Svien, David C. Dahlin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Myeloma was seen as an isolated tumor in 55 of 413 patients with apparently solitary vertebral column tumors. Survival for 5 to 21 years was recorded for 18 of the 44 patients who had either normal results from bone-marrow examination or no examination of marrow. Of seven patients who had myeloma of bone marrow in addition to an isolated vertebral lesion, only one lived for 31/2 years. Only six patients remain alive and free of disease after more than five years. Bence-Jones proteinuria and elevated values for serum globulin do not necessarily denote that survival will be brief. Also, the presence of mitotic figures or of a pleomorphic histological picture did not appear to be related to prognosis. Irradiation relieved pain and destroyed localized tumor in most patients, but decompressive procedures were necessary in patients with rapidly progressing paraplegia.
Reform of long term care for elderly must not be postponed, Dilnot says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Delaying the reform of long term care for elderly people in England until 2025 would be “completely unacceptable,” says Andrew Dilnot, chairman of the government commission that recommended changes to the present system.

The suggestion that there might be a delay sprung from reported remarks by Jeremy Hughes, chief executive of the Alzheimer’s Society, who said that it might take until 2025 for all aspects of the changes to be in place. Mr Hughes is one of six “discussion leaders” from the care and support sector invited by the Department of Health to provide advice that will feed into a white paper expected next spring.

The …
Case of Ectopia Testis with Seminomatous Change and Torsion
Authors: A. H. Bennett, W. G. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Spastic paralysis has been reported in severe classical pellagra.Thus Heatley-Spencer and Biggam, in the British Encyclopaedia of Medical Practice, state: "Sensory changes are common in the lower limbs and consist of various paraesthesiae and numbness.Objective sensation usually remains intact and there is no alteration of deep sensibility.Romberg's sign is rare.Pain in the dorsal or lumbar regions is common: peripheral neuritic pain may be severe and is often a late symptom.Stiffness and some loss of power, with painful cramps in the lower limbs, are common.The reflexes are variable, the knee- jerks being in some cases exaggerated, with a spastic rigidity, and in others lost.Mental changes are important and begin with mental dullness, slow response, and loss of memory."Manson-Bahr, in his Tropical Diseases, inclu'des ptosis, dip- lopia, amblyopia, and rarely epileptiform convulsions among the signs and symptoms, and states that later the gait becomes uncertain and of the spastic paraplegic type.This author mentions a very acute form of pellagra, described under the title of " pellagra typhus," characterized by intense prostration, high temperature, muttering delirium, pronounced -nervous tremors, generalized rigidity, and convulsions.The acute cases reported in this paper seem not dissimilar.The additional point that this syndrome arose in the course of other manifestations of vitamin B deficiency which are recognized as part of the classical picture of pellagra lends support to the view that it is itself an isolated manifestation of, that disease.The B complex comprises several factors, and the experience gained in our camp suggested that there was a different time factor for each before evidence of deprivation showed itself, the mucous membrane and dermal lesions of pellagra appearing first and the nervous lesions later.It is of interest that not more than one-third of the cases of pellagrous encephalopathy here reported showed other evidence of defici- ency, but this lack of association was reported by Spillane and Scott (1945) in their account of deficiency manifestations among German prisoners of war in the Middle East.Conclusion The above findings are based on 63 cases of a deficiency syndrome, which has been given the name of pellagrous encephalopathy, occurring among prisoners of war in Singapore.There appears to be sufficient evidence to include it among the manifestations of vitamin B deficiency and as part of the pellagra symptom complex.Previous reports have been made in the literature of limb weakness, and spasticity with and without extensor plantar responses (Wilkinson, 1944; Spillane and Scott, 1945; Clarke and Sneddon, 1946; Pallister, 1940), in association with other deficiency manifestations, but a clear- cut syndrome as reported here appears to be unique.My thanks are due to all those medi-cal officers in the Changi Prisoner-of-War Hospital under whose care these patients were admitted; ahd to Dr. D. Denny-Brown, of the
An accurate and rapid radiographic method of determining total lung capacity
Authors: R. B. Reger, A. Young, W. K. C. Morgan
Journal: Thorax (1972)

The accuracy and reliability of Barnhard9s radiographic method of determining total lung capacity have been confirmed by several groups of investigators. Despite its simplicity and general reliability, it has several shortcomings, especially when used in large-scale epidemiological surveys. Of these, the most serious is related to film technique; thus, when the cardiac and diaphragmatic shadows are poorly defined, the appropriate measurements cannot be made accurately. A further drawback involves the time needed to measure the segments and to perform the necessary calculations. We therefore set out to develop an abbreviated and simpler radiographic method for determining total lung capacity. This uses a step-wise multiple regression model which allows total lung capacity to be derived as follows: posteroanterior and lateral films are divided into the standard sections as described in the text, the width, depth, and height of sections 1 and 4 are measured in centimetres, finally the necessary derivations and substitutions are made and applied to the formula Ŷ = −1·41148 + (0·00479 X<sub>1</sub>) + (0·00097 X<sub>4</sub>), where Ŷ is the total lung capacity. In our hands this method has provided a simple, rapid, and acceptable method of determining total lung capacity.
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder and Resistance to Thyroid Hormone -- A New Idea?
Authors: Roland D. Ciaranello
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder is the newest name for a clinical syndrome familiar to physicians, psychologists, and educators. The disorder is characterized by impulsiveness, distractibility and inattentiveness, aggressiveness, intrusiveness, and destructiveness. It is often accompanied by hyperactivity, especially purposeless motor behavior and gestures. Many clinicians will recognize this constellation by its older names: minimal brain damage, minimal brain dysfunction, and the hyperactive child syndrome. The new term reflects an increased understanding that hyperactive motor behavior is an inconstant feature of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, whereas virtually all children with the disorder have cognitive problems, an inability to focus attention, difficulties in impulse . . .
D4-01: Correlation between high-resolution CT findings, histopathological and clinical findings of small pulmonary adenocarcinomas
Authors: Haruhiro Saito, Kouzo Yamada, Fumihiro Oshita, Yasufumi Kato, Hiroyuki Ito, Haruhiko Nakayama, Yoichi Kameda, Kazumasa Noda
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
International Classification of Health Problems in Primary Care
Authors: Jack Froom
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The content of medical care given in the ambulatory setting is for the most part unknown.<sup>1</sup>The need for these kinds of data by health care providers, health planners, government agencies, and epidemiologists is apparent. The ability to compile data about health problems of ambulatory patients has been impeded by the lack of a suitable classification. Attempts to use the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) to classify health problems encountered by general practitioners have often been unsuccessful.<sup>2</sup>Physicians in England, Canada, Australia, Germany, and other countries have developed ambulatory classifications, but these several classifications have often neither been compatible with each other nor with the ICD. It is, therefore, of considerable interest to primary care physicians that a new international classification of health problems, specifically designed for their use, has been developed. The International Classification of Health Problems in Primary Care (ICHPPC) was approved by the World Organization
Lymphatic vascular integrity is disrupted in type 2 diabetes due to impaired nitric oxide signalling
Authors: Joshua P Scallan, Michael A Hill, Michael J Davis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Lymphatic vessel dysfunction is an emerging component of metabolic diseases and can lead to tissue lipid accumulation, dyslipidaemia, and oedema. While lymph leakage has been implicated in obesity and hypercholesterolaemia, whether similar lymphatic dysfunction exists in diabetes has not been investigated.To measure the lymphatic integrity of transgenic mice, we developed a new assay that quantifies the solute permeability of murine collecting lymphatic vessels. Compared with age-matched wild-type (WT) controls, the permeability of collecting lymphatics from diabetic, leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice was elevated >130-fold. Augmenting nitric oxide (NO) production by suffusion of l-arginine rescued this defect. Using pharmacological tools and eNOS(-/-) mice, we found that NO increased WT lymphatic permeability, but reduced db/db lymphatic permeability. These conflicting actions of NO were reconciled by the finding that phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3), normally inhibited by NO signalling, was active in db/db lymphatics and inhibition of this enzyme restored barrier function.In conclusion, we identified the first lymphatic vascular defect in type 2 diabetes, an enhanced permeability caused by low NO bioavailability. Further, this demonstrates that PDE3 inhibition is required to maintain lymphatic vessel integrity and represents a viable therapeutic target for lymphatic endothelial dysfunction in metabolic disease.
Evolutionary psychology and Bayesian modeling
Authors: Laith Al-Shawaf, David Buss
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract The target article provides important theoretical contributions to psychology and Bayesian modeling. Despite the article's excellent points, we suggest that it succumbs to a few misconceptions about evolutionary psychology (EP). These include a mischaracterization of evolutionary psychology's approach to optimality; failure to appreciate the centrality of mechanism in EP; and an incorrect depiction of hypothesis testing. An accurate characterization of EP offers more promise for successful integration with Bayesian modeling.
(49) Bullous urticaria pigmentosa
Authors: H.A. Jenkinson, K.W. Scott
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article (49) Bullous urticaria pigmentosa Get access H.A. Jenkinson, H.A. Jenkinson Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.W. Scott K.W. Scott Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Page 99, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05319.x Published: 01 July 1984
THE PATIENT, THE PHYSICIAN-TEACHER, AND THE STUDENT
Authors: Robert C. Dickson
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The increasing complexity and scope of medical knowledge has led to general agreement that the medical student of today cannot be made proficient in even a large portion of the field of medicine. It has, therefore, become the acknowledged aim of most medical schools to produce what has been variously termed the basic doctor or the undifferentiated doctor. The aim of undergraduate education has come to be the provision of the broad knowledge which will permit the graduate to become, with further training, a good general practitioner, specialist, research worker, or teacher. The aim is clear and not controversial. The path to its achievement has been less clear and the subject of much experiment. As a background it is of interest to consider briefly the development of the modern medical school as known in the United States and Canada and in doing so to consider the changing methods in the
Perforin-independent β-cell destruction by diabetogenic CD8+ T lymphocytes in transgenic nonobese diabetic mice
Authors: Abdelaziz Amrani, Joan Verdaguer, Brad Anderson, Toshihiro Utsugi, Sonny Bou, Pere Santamaria
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice results from destruction of pancreatic β cells by T lymphocytes. It is believed that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) effect the initial β-cell insult in diabetes, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Studies of NOD.lpr mice have suggested that disease initiation is a Fas-dependent process, yet perforin-deficient NOD mice rarely develop diabetes despite expressing Fas. Here, we have investigated the role of perforin and Fas in the ability of β cell–reactive CD8+ T cells bearing a T-cell receptor (8.3-TCR) that is representative of TCRs used by CD8+ CTLs propagated from the earliest insulitic lesions of NOD mice, and that targets an immunodominant peptide/H-2Kd complex on β cells, to effect β-cell damage in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, 8.3-CTLs killed antigenic peptide–pulsed non–β-cell targets via both perforin and Fas, but they killed NOD β cells via Fas exclusively. Perforin-deficient 8.3-TCR–transgenic NOD mice expressing an oligoclonal or monoclonal T-cell repertoire developed diabetes even more frequently than their perforin-competent littermates. These results demonstrate that diabetogenic CD8+ CTLs representative of CTLs putatively involved in the initiation of autoimmune diabetes kill β cells in a Fas-dependent and perforin-independent manner.