tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17838: The Critical Role of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Interrogation at Autopsy: A 5 Year Review of the Johns Hopkins Post-mortem CIED Registry
Authors: Sunil K Sinha, Barbara Crain, Katie Flickinger, Hugh Calkins, Jack Rickard, Alan Cheng, Ronald Berger, Gordon Tomaselli, Joseph E Marine
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  CIED (pacemaker (PPM) or defibrillator (ICD)) analysis is recommended upon death but there is no data upon the role of systematic CIED analysis at autopsy. We undertook a registry analysis to  determine the utility of pre-specified CIED explantation, interrogation and technical analysis at autopsy .   Methods:  From May 19, 2009 - May 18, 2014 adult & pediatric autopsy subjects at two academic institutions underwent concomitant CIED pulse generator explantation. The autopsy report was reviewed and the CIED was interrogated by an electrophysiologist (EP) for relevant clinical alerts and submitted to the applicable manufacturer for technical analysis. Significant alerts were reviewed & confirmed by a 2 nd  EP.   Results:  Seventy (4.3%) of 1642 autopsies had CIEDs and underwent either complete (90%) or limited autopsy. There were 30 PPMs and 40 ICDs (4 manufacturers). The mean age at death was 62.7 years (range 6 months - 97 years). In total, 35 (50%) died suddenly and 35 died non-suddenly. Significant clinical alerts were found in 22/35 (62.9%) sudden death subjects and included; 10 sustained VT/VF episodes terminated with either internal or external shocks, 10 sustained VT/VF episodes not terminated due to: undersensing (3), unsuccessful shock (2), rate below ICD therapy cut-off (1), or sustained VT/VF detection in PPM recipient (4). 4 (2 with VT/VF) exhibited an intra-thoracic impedance derived fluid index > 200. In the non-sudden death group 7/35 (20%) displayed a significant clinical alert; 2 sustained VT/VF episodes and 6 (1 with VT/VF) exhibited a fluid index > 200. There was significant association between likelihood of clinical alert and sudden death as compared to non-sudden death (χ 2  = 11.538, p 2  = 15.006, p   Conclusion:  CIED analysis is an important post-mortem diagnostic tool and should be routinely performed at the time of autopsy. Post-mortem CIED analysis is especially useful in cases of sudden death to screen for significant clinical alerts and to rule out component failure.
Neural Regeneration: Subacute Tissue Response to 3D Graphene Oxide Scaffolds Implanted in the Injured Rat Spinal Cord (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 12/2015)
Authors: Elisa López-Dolado, Ankor González-Mayorga, María Teresa Portolés, María José Feito, María Luisa Ferrer, Francisco del Monte, María Concepción Gutiérrez, María Concepción Serrano
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Spinal cord injury remains a challenge for both clinicians and scientists. Novel materials such as graphene oxide have arisen as attractive alternatives for the design of more efficient reparative platforms. On page 1861 Maria C. Serrano and co-workers investigate the sub-acute response of the rat injured spinal cord to 3D graphene oxide scaffolds to aid progress in the field.
Validation of novel recipes for double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges in children and adults
Authors: B. J. Vlieg-Boerstra, I. Herpertz, L. Pasker, S. van der Heide, J. Kukler, C. Jansink, W. Vaessen, B. J. Beusekamp, A. E. J. Dubois
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: Vlieg-Boerstra BJ, Herpertz I, Pasker L, van der Heide S, Kukler J, Jansink C, Vaessen W, Beusekamp BJ, Dubois AEJ. Validation of novel recipes for double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges in children and adults. Allergy 2011; 66: 948–954. Abstract Background: In double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs), the use of challenge materials in which blinding is validated is a prerequisite for obtaining true blinded conditions during the test procedure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to enlarge the available range of validated recipes for DBPCFCs to facilitate oral challenge tests in all age groups, including young children, while maximizing the top dose in an acceptable volume. Methods: Recipes were developed and subsequently validated by a panel recruited by a matching sensory test. The best 30% of candidates were selected to participate in sensory testing using the paired comparison test. Results: For young children, three recipes with cow's milk and one recipe with peanut could be validated which may be utilized in DBPCFCs. For children older than 4 years and adults, one recipe with egg, two with peanut, one with hazelnut, and one with cashew nut were validated for use in DBPCFCs. Conclusions: All recipes contained larger amounts of allergenic foods than previously validated. These recipes increase the range of validated recipes for use in DBPCFCs in adults and children.
Abstract P162: Coronary Intervention Procedures in CAD Patients with Diabetes: Racial Disparities Are Associated with Post-Procedure Mortality
Authors: Alexander V Sergeev
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: The two major intervention treatment procedures for coronary artery disease (CAD) are coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with. Besides being a major risk factor for CAD, diabetes mellitus (DM) also impacts unfavorably CAD patients’ prognosis. We hypothesized that racial and socio-economic disparities are associated with post-procedure mortality in CAD patients with DM. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of post-procedure mortality after CABG and PCI in 188,851 CAD patients with DM (mean age 65.5∓11.3 years, 35.3% women) was conducted. In-hospital patient death was a binary outcome of interest. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were obtained from multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for a number of demographic, socio-economic and clinical confounders, including the severity of comorbid conditions (other than DM) measured by Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, Walraven modification. All results were analyzed with SAS version 9.2. Results: Post-CABG in-hospital mortality was higher than post-PCI (adjusted OR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.72-2.08, p&lt;0.01). Post-procedure mortality was associated with higher severity of co-existing conditions (10.6% increase for each point increase in Elixhauser-Walraven score, p&lt;0.01) and emergency room (ER) admission (adjusted OR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.08-1.11, p&lt;0.01). African Americans were more likely to undergo ER admission (43.7%) than other racial groups. ER admission was also significantly higher in lower socio-economic status groups, while severity of co-existing conditions was higher (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Racial and socio-economic disparities are associated with in-hospital mortality after coronary intervention procedures. Further investigation of mortality disparities in CAD patients with DM is warranted.
Will Lung Cancer Targeting Hit Its Mark?
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Revisit Rates and Associated Costs After an Emergency Department Encounter
Authors: Reena Duseja, Naomi S. Bardach, Grace A. Lin, Jinoos Yazdany, Mitzi L. Dean, Theodore H. Clay, W. John Boscardin, R. Adams Dudley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Return visits to the emergency department (ED) or hospital after an index ED visit strain the health system, but information about rates and determinants of revisits is limited.To describe revisit rates, variation in revisit rates by diagnosis and state, and associated costs.Observational study using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project databases.6 U.S. states.Adults with ED visits between 2006 and 2010.Revisit rates and costs.Within 3 days of an index ED visit, 8.2% of patients had a revisit; 32% of those revisits occurred at a different institution. Revisit rates varied by diagnosis, with skin infections having the highest rate (23.1% [95% CI, 22.3% to 23.9%]). Revisit rates also varied by state. For skin infections, Florida had higher risk-adjusted revisit rates (24.8% [CI, 23.5% to 26.2%]) than Nebraska (10.6% [CI, 9.2% to 12.1%]). In Florida, the only state with complete cost data, total revisit costs for the 19.8% of patients with a revisit within 30 days were 118% of total index ED visit costs for all patients (including those with and without a revisit).Whether a revisit reflects inadequate access to primary care, a planned revisit, the patient's nonadherence to ED recommendations, or poor-quality care at the initial ED visit remains unknown.Revisits after an index ED encounter are more frequent than previously reported, in part because many occur outside the index institution. Among ED patients in Florida, more resources are spent on revisits than on index ED visits.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
3D organotypic culture mimics melanoma staging.
Authors: Patricia Brafford, Keiran Smalley, Meenhard Herlyn
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5153 

Tumor cells do not exist in isolation, but are instead embedded in a matrix of structural extracellular proteins and other cells. In in vitro systems, where tumor cells are cultured adherently as monolayer, cells lose the complex signaling derived from diverse cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Here we demonstrate the genetic profile changes in the more physiologically relevant 3D spheroid culture system compared to monolayer for investigating tumor growth and invasion. We compared the genetic profiles of the two culture conditions. Spheroids were generated by plating 5,000 human melanoma cells per well on 1.5% agar coated 96 well plates; after 24-48 hours the cells aggregate and form organized 3D structures. The spheroids were harvested and embedded in a collagen gel for 72 hours. Irrespective of tumor stage, some of the melanoma formed tight spheroids while others formed loose aggregates. Those melanomas that did not form spheroids, are able to form tight spheroids when co-cultured with fibroblasts. However, spheroids cultured in collagen I invaded according to tumor stage. Affymetrix U133A microarrays revealed important differences in gene expression in monolayer vs embedded spheroid culture conditions. We applied Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to the microarray data to identify the subtle changes occurring within gene pathways and revealed a correlation with upregulation of genes associated with invasion. Spheroid melanoma cells express increased collagen XV, and XVIII, ApoD, BMP1, ELIMIN1, Fascin homolog 1, IGFBP2, MMP2, MAPKK, and TGF β1 and decreased Il-8, Il-6, Thrombospondin-1 and TIMP-1. The increased expression in proteases and TGF β1 suggest that cells in spheroids upregulate invasive profiles, which we show correlates with tumor stage. These data provide a useful approach to analyze the dynamics of genetic profile within a tissue like microenvironment. We can show the gene pathway analysis matches observation in vitro , in cell cycle, apoptosis, and invasion. Thus we have shown that there are differences in gene expression between 3D or 2D adherent culture and that culturing melanoma cells in spheroids restores the complex cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions seen in vivo .
Interactions between current tobacco smoke exposure and GSTP1 on lung health outcomes at 6, 12 and 18 years
Authors: Jasminka Murdzoska, Catherine Hayden, Siew-Kim Khoo, Louis Landau, Sally Young, Jack Goldblatt, Guicheng Zhang, Desmond Cox, David Mullane, Stephen Turner, Peter Le Souef, Sunalene Devadason
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Inhaled pollutants are a cause of oxidative stress. During childhood and adolescence exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke is common. This is a period of rapid lung development and exposure may have severe implications for lung function growth. Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is expressed in the lungs and is important in detoxifying inhaled exogenous toxins.   Aims:  To investigate the effects of current tobacco smoke exposure and the interaction between two polymorphisms in  GSTP1  (Ile105Val and Ala114Val) on FEV 1 , FVC and airway responsiveness (AR) at 6, 12 and 18 years in a longitudinal birth cohort.   Methods:  Genotyping was performed using a PCR method. Genotyping for  GSTP1  105 was completed in 117, 171 and 123 individuals at 6, 12 and 18 years, respectively and for  GSTP1  114 in 115, 168 and 121 individuals at each follow-up. The frequency of current tobacco smoke exposure at each follow-up was 39%, 35% and 67%, respectively.   Results:  GSTP1  105 Ile/Ile was associated with lower AR at 6 years (p=0.007). At 6 years children with  GSTP1  105 Ile/Ile who were exposed to parental tobacco smoke had lower AR (p=0.019). At 12 years children with  GSTP1  105 Ile/Ile had higher FEV 1  if they were not exposed to parental tobacco smoke (p=0.028). At 18 years individuals with  GSTP1  114 Ala/Val had higher FVC in those non-exposed (passive/active) (p=0.014).   Conclusions:  These data suggest that  GSTP1  may not always modulate the adverse effects of tobacco smoke exposure on lung function outcomes. Other GSTs or detoxification pathways may play a more important role in modulating the effects of tobacco smoke (passive/active) at 12 and 18 years in this study cohort.  Funding: NHMRC.
Role of cysteinyl leukotrienes in human allergen‐specific Th2 responses induced by granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor
Authors: A. Faith, M. H. Fernandez, J. Caulfield, T.‐K. Loke, C. Corrigan, B. O’Connor, T. H. Lee, C. M. Hawrylowicz
Journal: Allergy (2008)

The pro-inflammatory cytokine, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which is elevated in the lungs of atopic asthmatic patients, has been shown to enhance major histocompatibility class II expression of alveolar macrophages (AM). We hypothesized that exposure of AM and monocytes from atopic asthmatic patients to GM-CSF would enhance their antigen presenting function, and investigated putative mechanisms for this effect.Alveolar macrophages were purified from bronchoalveolar lavage by plastic adherence. Monocytes and CD4(+) T cells were purified from peripheral blood by magnetic bead separation. Antigen-presenting cell (APC) were pretreated with GM-CSF, pulsed with allergen and cocultured with autologous T cells. T-cell proliferation was determined by tritiated thymidine incorporation and cytokine production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Exposure of allergen-pulsed AM and peripheral blood monocytes to GM-CSF significantly increased allergen-specific T-cell proliferation and T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine production. The enhanced response was dependent on costimulation by CD86, but not CD80. Inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway abrogated GM-CSF-mediated upregulation by monocytes of allergen-specific interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 cytokine production. Blocking of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (cysLT(1)) receptor by a specific receptor antagonist inhibited allergen-specific IL-5 production in response to GM-CSF pretreatment.Exposure to GM-CSF enhanced the capacity of human APC from atopic asthmatic patients to induce allergen-specific Th2 responses by a mechanism involving cysLT. Novel immunotherapies, targeting production of GM-CSF or its actions on APC have the potential, therefore, to prove beneficial in treatment of patients with inflammatory airway disease.
Fluctuations in Perceived Energy and Mood among Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: C Wood, M E Magnello, M C Sharpe
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1992)

Patients currently suffering or recently recovered from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were compared with each other and with a group of well-matched controls in a study of diurnal variation in levels of perceived mental and physical energy and positive and negative affect. Patients who were currently ill showed diurnal variation in patterns of energy, with maximum levels being recorded between 10.00 h and 12.00 h which were significantly higher (P&lt; 0.05) than energy levels recorded on rising or retiring. This pattern was similar to the controls but average energy levels at each time point were lower (P&lt; 0.05) among the ill patients. Recovered patients showed the same pattern, with mean energy levels falling between those of the ill patients and controls. Similar diurnal patterns were found for perceptions ofpositive, though not negative affect. Correlations between physical and mental energy and between both of these energy variables and positive affect were high (r=0.75 to 0.85) in both controls and CFS patients. However, correlations with negative affect were low (eg r=-0.10) and non-significant. Total scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) were significantly higher (P&lt; 0.05) among patients who were still ill than those who had recovered. Scores on the HAD Depression (but not Anxiety) subscale were also significantly higher among those who were still ill (P&lt; 0.01). These findings may be of value in facilitating programmes of cognitive-behavioural modification intended to aid the recovery of patients with CFS.
Imposing Genetic Diversity
Authors: Robert Sparrow
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

The idea that a world in which everyone was born "perfect" would be a world in which something valuable was missing often comes up in debates about the ethics of technologies of prenatal testing and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). This thought plays an important role in the "disability critique" of prenatal testing. However, the idea that human genetic variation is an important good with significant benefits for society at large is also embraced by a wide range of figures writing in the bioethics literature, including some who are notoriously hostile to the idea that we should not select against disability. By developing a number of thought experiments wherein we are to contemplate increasing genetic diversity from a lower baseline in order to secure this value, I argue that this powerful intuition is more problematic than is generally recognized, especially where the price of diversity is the well-being of particular individuals.
Abstract #LB-156: A survivin molecular mimic peptide vaccine against human glioma
Authors: Michael Ciesielski, Molly Orton, Stephen Munich, Tara Barone, Robert Fenstermaker
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Objectives: Survivin is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) that has significant potential for use as a cancer vaccine target. We have developed a modified survivin peptide epitope (SVN53-67/M57) which contains an amino acid alteration that improves MHC I binding properties so that this particular peptide is more effective at eliciting CTL responses against survivin-expressing glioma and human CNS lymphoma cells. This modified epitope or \#8220;peptide mimic\#8221; of survivin is thus similar, but not identical to the wild type molecule (SVN53-67). Therefore, the mimic may break tolerance by stimulating T cell clones that recognize survivin, but which have not been deleted during establishment of self-identity, because of their reduced affinity for wild type antigen. Methodology & Results: In vitro binding assays show that there is a greater than 70 fold increase in binding affinity for the SVN53-67/M57 mimic peptide versus SVN53-67 wild type epitopes. Mice that have been vaccinated with the SVN53-67/M57 peptide mimic develop specific CD8+ T cells to SVN epitopes as detected utilizing peptide loaded H-2Kb:Ig fusion protein. This vaccine produced CTL responses and helper T cell-associated cytokine production, resulting in a significant prolongation of survival in mice with GL261 cerebral gliomas (>200% increased median survival time). This indicates the retention of immunogenic properties after alteration of the wild type peptide SVN53-67 into SVN53-67/M57. The mouse MHC class I is capable of binding both SVN53-67 andSVN53-67/M57 forms equally well while human MHC I would preferentially bind the SVN53-67/M57 mimic. We have performed ex vivo cytotoxicity assays using PBMC-derived CTL from patients whose DC are primed to survivin. These CTL were tested against autologous and allogeneic HLA-matched gliomas. Our results indicate that target cells were lysed more effectively by CTL stimulated by SVN53-67/M57 mimic-loaded DC. The mimic peptide also stimulated cytokine support. Additional data show the presence of spontaneous anti-survivin antibodies in patient serum prior to SVN53-67/M57 exposureleading to the possibility that the SVN mimic vaccine could be redirecting pre-existing humoral immunity towards cellular immunity. Conclusions: The SVN53-67/M57 vaccine was significantly more effective than the smaller SVN57-64/M57 core CTL epitope as a cancer vaccine, emphasizing the potential benefit of incorporating multiple class I epitopes and class II-associated cytokine support within a single peptide.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-156.