tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An archival case of clinically significant infection in a surgical patient by enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis: PCR amplification of the metalloprotease enterotoxin gene from non-viable lyophilizates
Authors: Alex van Belkum, Piotr Leszczynski, Marius Vogel, Henri Verbrugh, Felicja Meisel-Mikolajczyk
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (1999)
How are events represented?
Authors: Gezinus Wolters, Antonino Raffone
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

We note two important problems in the Theory of Event Coding. First, because the representational format of features and events is unspecified, the theory is difficult to test. Second, the theory lacks a mechanism for the integration of features into an event code when the features are shared by different events. Possible ways of solving these problems are suggested.
Reproducibility of childhood respiratory symptom questions
Authors: B Brunekreef, B Groot, B Rijcken, G Hoek, A Steenbekkers, A de Boer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

The reproducibility of answers to childhood respiratory symptom questions was investigated by administering two childhood respiratory symptom questionnaires twice, with a one month interval, to the same population of Dutch school children. The questionnaires were completed by the parents of 410 children from 6-12 yrs old. One questionnaire was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The other questionnaire was developed for use by school health services and was based mainly on the American Thoracic Society (ATS) questionnaire for respiratory symptoms in childhood. It was called the Child Health Care (CHC) Questionnaire. Half of the parents received a questionnaire in which the WHO questions came first on both occasions, the other half a questionnaire in which the CHC questionnaire came first on both occasions. The reproducibility of the answers was assessed by calculating Cohen's Kappa, a chance-corrected measure of association. Questions about "wheeze", "asthma", "bronchitis", "cough and phlegm", and "pneumonia" were found to give good to excellent reproducibility, with Kappa values ranging from 0.60-0.96. Questions about "phlegm", "cough", "chest congestion" and "runny/congested nose" were less satisfactory in this respect, with Kappa values generally well below 0.60. The reproducibility of the answers did not depend on the order in which the questionnaires were administered, on the gender or age of the child, or on the smoking habits or educational level of the parents.
Differential Diagnosis of Illness in Travelers Arriving From Sierra Leone, Liberia, or Guinea: A Cross-sectional Study From the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network
Authors: Andrea K. Boggild, Douglas H. Esposito, Phyllis E. Kozarsky, Vernon Ansdell, Nicholas J. Beeching, Daniel Campion, Francesco Castelli, Eric Caumes, Francois Chappuis, Jakob P. Cramer, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Martin P. Grobusch, Stefan H.F. Hagmann, Noreen A. Hynes, Poh Lian Lim, Rogelio López-Vélez, Denis J.M. Malvy, Marc Mendelson, Philippe Parola, Mark J. Sotir, Henry M. Wu, Davidson H. Hamer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

The largest-ever outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD), ongoing in West Africa since late 2013, has led to export of cases to Europe and North America. Clinicians encountering ill travelers arriving from countries with widespread Ebola virus transmission must be aware of alternate diagnoses associated with fever and other nonspecific symptoms.To define the spectrum of illness observed in persons returning from areas of West Africa where EVD transmission has been widespread.Descriptive, using GeoSentinel records.57 travel or tropical medicine clinics in 25 countries.805 ill returned travelers and new immigrants from Sierra Leone, Liberia, or Guinea seen between September 2009 and August 2014.Frequencies of demographic and travel-related characteristics and illnesses reported.The most common specific diagnosis among 770 nonimmigrant travelers was malaria (n = 310 [40.3%]), with Plasmodium falciparum or severe malaria in 267 (86%) and non-P. falciparum malaria in 43 (14%). Acute diarrhea was the second most common diagnosis among nonimmigrant travelers (n = 95 [12.3%]). Such common diagnoses as upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, and influenza-like illness occurred in only 26, 9, and 7 returning travelers, respectively. Few instances of typhoid fever (n = 8), acute HIV infection (n = 5), and dengue (n = 2) were encountered.Surveillance data collected by specialist clinics may not be representative of all ill returned travelers.Although EVD may currently drive clinical evaluation of ill travelers arriving from Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea, clinicians must be aware of other more common, potentially fatal diseases. Malaria remains a common diagnosis among travelers seen at GeoSentinel sites. Prompt exclusion of malaria and other life-threatening conditions is critical to limiting morbidity and mortality.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Safety and immunogenicity of subcutaneous or intramuscular administration of a monovalent inactivated vaccine against Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae in healthy volunteers
Authors: H. Laurichesse, F. Gourdon, H.L. Smits, T.H. Abdoe, J.M. Estavoyer, H. Rebika, P. Pouliquen, P. Catalina, C. Dubray, J. Beytout
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2007)
Chromosome Studies of the Transplantable Shay Chloroleukemia in Rats 2
Authors: Brooke Alt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Chromosome Studies of the Transplantable Shay Chloroleukemia in Rats Get access Brooke Alt Brooke Alt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 5, May 1977, Pages 1437–1442, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.5.1437 Published: 01 May 1977 Article history Received: 30 August 1976 Accepted: 29 November 1976 Published: 01 May 1977
China's overuse of inpatient treatment and routine preoperative testing
Authors: Y. Liu, N. Congdon, W. Chen, Y. Jiang
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Moving to day case management of most ocular surgery in China is possible

China’s medical system is undergoing substantial reforms to improve access, efficiency, and quality of care.1 These changes have prompted recent suggestions in The BMJ on how efficiency could be further improved. Recommended reforms include reducing unnecessary use of intravenous fluid, currently estimated at eight bottles per capita annually,2 and restricting self medication with antibiotics for conditions such as flu, reported by a quarter of respondents in a recent survey by the China Food and Drug Administration.3

Another opportunity for improved efficiency is to stop admitting patients to hospital for non-invasive surgical care, which is common practice in China. Taking ophthalmology as an example, a tertiary public eye hospital in China typically has between 100 and 500 beds. By contrast, Moorfields Eye Hospital in London, one of the …
Correlations between clinical variables and quality of life in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Abílio Reis, Margarida Vicente, Luísa Carvalho, Alzira Melo, Fabienne Gonçalves, Luís Almeida
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background and objectives: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and disabling illness that impairs patient9s functionality and Quality of Life (QoL). Multiple biomarkers have been used to evaluate functionality and several QoL questionnaires to assess QoL. However, there is limited knowledge about their correlations.  Methods: Study participants completed PAH-specific (CAMPHOR) and general (NHP) QoL questionnaires as part of a programmed evaluation and patients9 demographic, clinical and QoL variables were collected. Spearman9s correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney or Kruskall-Wallis tests were used to investigate possible associations between the variables, as appropriate. Potential determinants of QoL were assessed in a multiple linear regression analysis.  Results: Forty-nine adult patients (50.4±13.6 years) with confirmed PAH were included. Main etiologies were: chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (24.4%), idiopathic/heritable (22.5%), congenital heart disease (22.4%) and connective tissue disorders (14.2%). Most patients (87.8%) have been treated with specific drugs and 40.8% were under oxygen therapy. WHO functional class (FC), 6-minute walking distance (6-MWD), Borg dyspnea index (BDI) and oxygen therapy use significantly correlated with all CAMPHOR domains, but only with some of the NHP sections. Regression analysis showed high coefficient of determination (R 2 ) for all CAMPHOR domains (Symptoms: 0.709; Activities: 0.691; QoL: 0.649) and some NHP sections (Energy: 0.705; Emotional reactions: 0.636; Physical Mobility: 0.659).  Conclusions: WHO FC, 6-MWD, BDI and oxygen therapy strongly correlate with all CAMPHOR domains.
The effects of atorvastatin in mustard gas exposed patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trail
Authors: Hassan Ghobadi, Shahrzad M. Lari, Farhad Pourfarzi, Afsoun Mahmoudpour, Mostafa Ghanei
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background  :  Statins have anti-inflammatory effects in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study designed to evaluate the effects of atorvastatin on serum highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and pulmonary function in sulfur mustard (SM) exposed patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.   Methods  :  In a double blind clinical trial, 50 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to sulfur mustard and high hs-CRP, randomly entered in this study. 45 patients completed the study (n=22, placebo and n=23, atorvastatin). Serum hs-CRP, pulseoximetry, spirometery and six-minute walk distance test (6MWDT) were measured, COPD assessment test (CAT) and St George9s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) were completed by patients at the beginning of trial and after 9 weeks of prescription of 40 mg/day atorvastatin or placebo. At 4th week, pulseoximetry, spirometry and 6MWDT were measured.   Results  :  At 4th week, there was no improvement in the atorvastatin group compared to the placebo group in SPO2, FEV1, and 6MWDT (p=0.79, p=0.12, p=0.12 respectively). At 9th week, there was no improvement with atorvastatin in serum hs-CRP, SPO2, FEV1 and 6MWDT compared to the placebo (p=0.35, p=0.28, p=0.94, p=0.43 respectively) but there was an improvement with atorvastatin in quality of life (with CAT score, P   Conclusion  :  Atorvastatin does not alter serum hs-CRP and lung functions but may improve quality of life in SM-injured patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.   Key Word:  Sulfur mustard, Atorvastatin, hs-CRP, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Physical activity levels and affecting factors in smoker hospitality workers
Authors: Ilknur Naz, Hulya Sahin, Fevziye Tuksavul, Nimet Aksel, Ayse Ozsoz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim: Cigarette consumption is common in hospitality workers who have responsibility for smoking behaviour in the community. However, low physical activity is an important problem in many countries. We aimed to investigate level of physical activity and affecting factors in smoker hospitality workers.  Methods: 117 hospitality workers who current cigarette smokers were enrolled in this study. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence were used to determine the level of nicotine dependence. The level of physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.  Results: 54 men and 63 women were included in this study. (Mean age: 36,35 ± 8,40. Mean BMI: 24,14 ± 4,10) Mean age of smoking initiation was 20,50 ± 4,77. Time of smoking was 14 (10-20) years. Nicotine dependence test score was 3(1-5). The weekly energy expenditure from physical activity was 1314,25± 921,26 MET-min. Physical activity levels as follows; %23 physically inactive, %72 minimally active, %5 sufficiently active. Participants having BMI above 25 kg/m 2  had significanly lower physical activity (p 0,05).  Conclusion: Levels of physical activity of smoker hospitality workers were significanly low although their low nicotine dependence. As BMI increseas physical activity level decreases. We think that diet programmes and improving physical activity may increase success in smoking cessation programs.
G-CSF administration improves chronic lung disease caused by exposure to high-concentration oxygen in neonatal mice
Authors: Isamu Hokuto, Takeshi Arimitsu, Yohei Matsuzaki, Kazushige Ikeda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Chronic lung disease (CLD) is a condition that results from the inflammation-induced destruction and developmental arrest of the lungs of premature infants. To date, there is no effective treatment for CLD. Hematopoietic stem cells have been reported to differentiate into pulmonary type II epithelial cells. It is known that G-CSF acts on hematopoietic stem cells to mobilize them in the peripheral blood. It has also been reported that G-CSF exerts anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated wether G-CSF administration could improve a mouse model of CLD caused by exposure to high-concentration oxygen.  Methods: Neonatal mice within 24 hours after birth were placed in 80% oxygen or room air for 21 days. From day 23, pups were administered 0.5 micro gram/g of G-CSF or saline for 5 days.The lungs were removed in postnatal week 6, and lung sections were stained with HE and Massons9s trichrome and immunostained for PCNA and α-SMA for histology.  Results: Compared with the control groups, the oxygen-exposed groups showed a significant emphysematous change. The oxygen-exposed, G-CSF administered group showed a significantly improvement in pulmonary emphysema than the oxygen-exposed, saline administered group. There were no significant differences in staining with Masson9s trichrome nor immunostaining for PCNA and α-SMA.  Discussion:G-CSF administration significantly improved a mouse model of CLD. It is unclear whether G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells differentiated into pulmonary epithelial cells, whether G-CSF induced the proliferation and differentiation of type II epithelial cells, or whether G-CSF exerted anti-inflammatory effects.
Relation between daily physical activity and exercise capacity in patients with COPD
Authors: Marlies Zwerink, Job van der Palen, Marjolein Brusse-Keizer, Paul van der Valk, Tanja Effing
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: A change in exercise capacity, achieved with an exercise programme, does not necessarily lead to a change in daily physical activity. This is due to a lack in behavioural change and can subsequently lead to loss of an initial gain in exercise capacity.

Objectives: Is daily physical activity level related to exercise performance in patients with COPD?

Is change in exercise capacity related to change in physical activity in patients with COPD who participated in an exercise programme, or who received usual care?

Methods: 153 Patients with COPD were included. Patients in the exercise group (n=77) participated in a 6-month physiotherapeutic exercise programme. At baseline and 7 months, daily physical activity was measured with a pedometer (steps/day), and exercise capacity was measured with the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT; meters) and Endurance Shuttle Walk Test (ESWT; meters, seconds). Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated.

Results: At baseline, the correlation coefficients between steps/day and ISWT (m), ESWT (m) and ESWT (s) were 0.59, 0.44, and 0.34 respectively (all p < 0.01). From baseline to 7 months, in the exercise group the correlation coefficients between change in steps/day and change in ISWT (m), ESWT (m) and ESWT (s) were 0.48, 0.41, and 0.38, respectively (all p < 0.01). Correlation coefficients between change in exercise capacity and daily physical activity in the control group were non-significant.

Conclusions: Change in daily physical activity is only weakly correlated with change in exercise capacity in COPD patients. This indicates that exercise programmes for these patients should specifically aim at increasing daily physical activity.
A patient-level meta-analytic investigation of the prognostic significance of baseline quality of life (QOL) for overall survival (OS) among 3,704 patients participating in 24 North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center (MC) oncology clinical trials
Authors: A. D. TAN, P. J. Novotny, J. S. Kaur, J. C. Buckner, P. L. Schaefer, P. J. Stella, J. P. Kuebler, J. A. Sloan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

9515 Background: The significance of baseline QOL as a prognostic factor for survival in oncology clinical trials has been suggested in individual trials. We performed a patient-level meta-analysis of 24 NCCTG and MC oncology clinical trials of the effect of baseline QOL on OS. Methods: 3,704 patients participating in 24 oncology clinical trials provided data at baseline on overall QOL on a 0–100 point scale. OS (whole study group and per study) was tested for association with high vs low QOL (split at median ≥83 baseline QOL score), and clinically deficient (CD-QOL, score 0–50, n=540) vs not clinically deficient (nCD-QOL, score 51–100, n=3164) QOL. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for the effects of performance score, race (minority vs. non-minority), site, age and gender. Results: Baseline QOL was a strong predictor of OS for the whole study group (low vs high QOL: 12.3 mos vs 18.4 mos, p<0.0001; CD-QOL vs nCD-QOL: 9.3 mos vs 16.8 mos, p=0.0001). The effect sizes were consistent across different disease sites (GI, GU, lung, breast and brain). Multivariate models indicated that even after controlling for the aforementioned covariates, including performance status, baseline QOL remained a strong prognostic factor (p<0.00001). Conclusions: Baseline QOL is a strong and independent prognostic factor for OS over and above PS in a wide variety of oncology patient populations and should thus be considered for routine inclusion as a stratification factor for all future randomized oncology treatment trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Melanotan-associated melanoma
Authors: D. Paurobally, F. Jason, B. Dezfoulian, A.F. Nikkels
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Madam, Melanotan (Ac‐Nle‐Asp‐His‐d‐Phe‐Arg‐Trp‐Lys‐NH2, C50H69N15O9), an α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone analogue, stimulates melanogenesis.1 2–3 These synthetic analogues target the melanocortin type 1 receptor (MC1R), overexpressed in melanoma.4 Currently, the uncontrolled and unlicensed use of melanotan is ever expanding.5 It can be purchased as subcutaneous injection or nasal spray without medical prescription from the internet and is often sold in gyms, spas, fitness studios and tanning parlours. Recently, serious concerns have been raised in respect to the safety of melanotan, in particular the effects on melanocytic naevi. The appearance of atypical pigmented naevi and the change of pre‐existing pigmentary lesions into dysplastic‐like naevi have been reported.6 7–8 A melanoma was reported in a melanotan I user, but without a clear incrimination of afamelanotide use.9 We present a 42‐year‐old white woman with a suspicious enlargement and a change of colour of a pigmentary naevus on the abdomen (Fig. 1a). She presented numerous naevi and was examined yearly by her dermatologist. Previous follow‐ups were always unremarkable. The changes appeared progressively over a 3‐month period after subcutaneous injections of melanotan II (100 mg daily for 2 days, followed by 50 mg daily for 5 days) into the abdominal region. She also noted significant tanning. New naevi had appeared and other pre‐existing naevi presented enlargement and/or darkening. Due to nausea, a melanotan‐related adverse effect, she did not pursue further injections. No other medication apart from oral hormonal contraception was taken. She had a phototype III skin complexion and visited the tanning parlour occasionally. There was no hereditary history of melanoma or other cancers. She had experienced sunburns in her youth. Clinical examination suggested melanoma (Fig. 1a) and dermoscopy was highly suspicious for melanoma (Fig. 1b). The lesion was excised and histology revealed a melanoma (Breslow thickness 0·30 mm, Clark level II). Immunohistochemical staining showed positive S100a, HMB45, Melan‐A, NKIC3 and tyrosinase expression, confirming melanoma. The proliferation marker Ki‐67 was estimated at 10%. There were no local micrometastases or superficial ulceration. Further clinical examination was normal and no lymphadenopathies were evidenced. The area was re‐excised with the recommended surgical margin of 0·5 cm.
Multiple breath washout in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome following paediatric lung transplantation
Authors: Paul Robinson, Helen Spencer, Paul Aurora
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aim: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation. Lung Clearance Index (LCI) measured by multiple breath washout (MBW) detects early structural lung damage in other paediatric obstructive lung disease. The aim was to determine the pattern of LCI values in children with BOS.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of MBW and spirometry data from subjects transplanted between 2002-2010 (date of annual MBW testing introduction). BOS staging was defined using published “all age” reference equations. LCI in BOS 0, 0p and 1 were compared.

Results: 50/56 (89%) subjects had MBW performed (n=162): mean (SD:range) 3.1 (1.85:1-9) times over a mean (SD: range) follow up 1069 (613: 196-2613) days. Abnormal LCI values (>7.5) were common post transplant (63/114 tests, 55%). LCI was increased in subjects with BOS. All those with persistent LCI>10 (n=8) died from severe BOS. Two distinct BOS patterns were seen: gradual vs. very rapid FEV1 decline. Despite infrequent testing, earlier LCI signal was seen in some (3/8) but not all 8 subjects (e.g. not those with rapid FEV1 decline).

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Conclusion: LCI is frequently abnormal post lung transplantation. LCI is significantly elevated in BOS, and appears to increase with BOS severity. An early signal of subsequent outcome may exist but optimal frequency of testing is yet to be determined.
Lateral Sinus Obstruction and Mastoiditis
Authors: M GREER, M S BERK
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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