tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combination Varenicline and Bupropion SR for Tobacco-Dependence Treatment in Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Jon O. Ebbert, Dorothy K. Hatsukami, Ivana T. Croghan, Darrell R. Schroeder, Sharon S. Allen, J. Taylor Hays, Richard D. Hurt
Journal: JAMA (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Combining pharmacotherapies for tobacco-dependence treatment may increase smoking abstinence. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine efficacy and safety of varenicline and bupropion sustained-release (SR; combination therapy) compared with varenicline (monotherapy) in cigarette smokers. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial with a 12-week treatment period and follow-up through week 52 conducted between October 2009 and April 2013 at 3 midwestern clinical research sites. Five hundred six adult (≥18 years) cigarette smokers were randomly assigned and 315 (62%) completed the study. <h3>Interventions</h3> Twelve weeks of varenicline and bupropion SR or varenicline and placebo. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Primary outcome was abstinence rates at week 12, defined as prolonged (no smoking from 2 weeks after the target quit date) abstinence and 7-day point-prevalence (no smoking past 7 days) abstinence. Secondary outcomes were prolonged and point-prevalence smoking abstinence rates at weeks 26 and 52. Outcomes were biochemically confirmed. <h3>Results</h3> At 12 weeks, 53.0% of the combination therapy group achieved prolonged smoking abstinence and 56.2% achieved 7-day point-prevalence smoking abstinence compared with 43.2% and 48.6% in varenicline monotherapy (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.05-2.12;<i>P</i> = .03 and OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.95-1.93;<i>P</i> = .09, respectively). At 26 weeks, 36.6% of the combination therapy group achieved prolonged and 38.2% achieved 7-day point-prevalence smoking abstinence compared with 27.6% and 31.9% in varenicline monotherapy (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.04-2.22;<i>P</i> = .03 and OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.91-1.91;<i>P</i> = .14, respectively). At 52 weeks, 30.9% of the combination therapy group achieved prolonged and 36.6% achieved 7-day point-prevalence smoking abstinence compared with 24.5% and 29.2% in varenicline monotherapy (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.93-2.07;<i>P</i> = .11 and OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.96-2.05;<i>P</i> = .08, respectively). Participants receiving combination therapy reported more anxiety (7.2% vs 3.1%;<i>P</i> = .04) and depressive symptoms (3.6% vs 0.8%;<i>P</i> = .03). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among cigarette smokers, combined use of varenicline and bupropion, compared with varenicline alone, increased prolonged abstinence but not 7-day point prevalence at 12 and 26 weeks. Neither outcome was significantly different at 52 weeks. Further research is required to determine the role of combination therapy in smoking cessation. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00935818
Complications of the Angelchik Antireflux Prosthesis
Authors: STANLEY B. BENJAMIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Various complications have been reported recently for the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis, a silicone-gel prosthesis used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and associated hiatal hernia. We have studied the cases of 11 patients with complications of this prosthesis and have reviewed the literature for others. Complications included 8 erosions of the device into the gastrointestinal tract, 1 migration, 1 improper placement, and 1 case of pain believed to be a sequel of surgical trauma. These complications represent those typical to reflux surgery and some unique to the Angelchik prosthesis (migration and erosion). Their exact frequency is unknown, with the manufacturer estimating migration at 0.81% and erosion at 0.15%. Available data indicate that complications may occur up to several years after implantation, and physicians may not recognize the problems with the prosthesis if they are unaware of the complications.
Thoracic Chemoreceptors in the Dog
Authors: HAZEL M. COLERIDGE, JOHN C. G. COLERIDGE, ALAN HOWE
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

Anatomical and electrophysiological techniques were employed to investigate the aortic bodies in anesthetized puppies and dogs. The microscopic appearance, location, innervation, and vasculature of the aortic bodies were investigated by microdissection and histological examination of gelatine-injected preparations. Thoracic chemoreceptor impulses were recorded from the cervical vagus nerves, the nervous pathways in the thorax identified by cold blockade, and the blood supply to the receptors investigated by injection of drugs. Large, circumscribed aortic bodies were few, the majority of glomus cells being scattered in small groups along the vagal branches coursing on the walls of the pulmonary artery and aorta. Very few bodies were found in groups 1 and 2 at the right and left subclavian angles. The majority were in group 3, ventral to the aortic arch and pulmonary bifurcation and supplied by the ventromedial cervical cardiac branch of the left vagus, and in group 4, between the aorta and pulmonary artery, supplied by the recurrent cardiac branch of the right vagus. The arterial supply to the aortic chemoreceptors stemmed from the aorta and the brachiocephalic and left coronary arteries. In neither puppies nor adult dogs was there evidence of a supply from the pulmonary artery.
Metastatic melanoma to the palatine tonsil with a favourable prognosis.
Authors: S. Wakasugi, T. Kageshita, T. Ono
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Metastasis to the oral cavity from cutaneous melanoma is rare: fewer than 30 cases of metastatic melanoma to the palatine tonsil have been reported. Tonsil metastasis is haematogenously disseminated and therefore usually has a poor prognosis. We present a case of metastatic melanoma to the palatine tonsil occurring 6(1/2) years after removal of the primary cutaneous lesion. The patient has remained disease-free for 18 months since the removal of skin and tonsil metastases. Immunohistopathologically, HLA class II and costimulatory factor B7-2 molecules were concomitantly expressed on melanoma cells: we suggest that the patient was therefore able to develop antimelanoma T-cell activation resulting in prevention of further metastasis, and thus a favourable prognosis.
Lactic Acidosis Associated with Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Yallappa Nadiminti, Jen C. Wang, Shyan-yih Chou, Edward Pineles, Mark S. Tobin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

LACTIC ACIDOSIS has been recognized as a cause of metabolic acidosis in patients with neoplastic disorders without clinically evident tissue hypoxia; it is associated with a poor prognosis in such patients.17 Treatment has included alkalizing therapy with bicarbonate or tromethamine (THAM) and the use of methylene blue or dialysis, but the results have frequently been disappointing.8 This report describes a patient with severe lactic acidosis that developed during the relapse of Hodgkin's disease and was rapidly resolved as a result of remission of the Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy.Case ReportA 30-year-old man was admitted to Brookdale Hospital Medical Center . . .
Benefit of Atrial Pacing in Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Stephane Garrigue, Philippe Bordier, Pierre Jaïs, Dipen C Shah, Meleze Hocini, Chantal Raherison, Manuel Tunon De Lara, Michel Haïssaguerre, Jacques Clementy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Many patients with sleep apnea syndrome have nocturnal bradycardia, paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias, or both, which can be prevented by permanent atrial pacing. We evaluated the effect of using cardiac pacing to increase the heart rate during sleep in patients with sleep apnea syndrome.
Reconstitution inflammatory syndrome related to histoplasmosis, with a hemophagocytic syndrome in HIV infection
Authors: Marc De Lavaissière, Véronique Manceron, Patrice Bourée, Loïc Garçon, Francine Bisaro, Jean-François Delfraissy, Olivier Lambotte, Cécile Goujard
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)
A QUICK, EASY, EFFICIENT TREATMENT OF BARTHOLIN CYST AND ABSCESS
Authors: Goodrich C. Schauffler
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Any one who has operated on a sufficient number of Bartholin cysts has found reason to dislike the routine procedure of surgical enucleation. There is often technical difficulty in complete enucleation, nearly always primary hemorrhage, frequently severe secondary hemorrhage, always postoperative discomfort, edema and relatively prolonged disability, and too frequently a recurrence. The routine practice of simply incising and draining the abscessed Bartholin area frequently proves to be ineffectual because of recurrence of the abscess or the later development of a cyst. I now use the technic described in the illustrations to the exclusion of any other for both abscess and cyst. I have treated sixteen cysts and ten abscesses in this manner. During an observation period varying from three months to two and one half years, I have noted no recurrence of cyst and only one recurrence of abscess.<sup>1</sup> As the electrode follows a spiral path outward from
The Preceding Illness of Acute Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Juanita G. Zagala
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Clues that might aid in predicting the appearance of rheumatic fever after a streptococcal pharyngitis were sought in the histories of 183 patients who had their first attack of rheumatic fever during the 24-month period ending Dec. 31, 1959. Of the 183 patients, only 84 (46%) gave a history of sore throat. It occurred in 50% of the patients who developed arthritis as the presenting feature of rheumatic fever and in 36% of those who did not. More effective treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis is urged, but additional prophylactic measures needed to be developed if rheumatic fever is to be prevented in patients who do not have a premonitory attack of sore throat.
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Erwin O. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The distinction between the chronic and self-limited types of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was first drawn in 1951 on the basis of a study of 89 cases of ITP in the presteroid days.<sup>1</sup> Three points made in this review are worth reemphasizing at this time: (1) In self-limited ITP, severe thrombocytopenia may persist for as long as four months. (2) There was no evidence that splenectomy had a favorable influence on the course of self-limited ITP. (3) Medical treatment of 54 attacks of purpura occurring in 30 patients (including chronic and self-limited types) resulted in three deaths and in one severe and three mild cerebral hemorrhages. There were three deaths and one postoperative cerebral embolus in 19 attacks of purpura treated by splenectomy. The rise in platelet count in the patient described by Lightsey et al<sup>2</sup>occurred within four months after the onset of severe
ON REFLEX IRRITATION AS A CAUSE OF ALOPECIA AREATA
Authors: H. EMLYN JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1912)

Journal Article ON REFLEX IRRITATION AS A CAUSE OF ALOPECIA AREATA Get access H. EMLYN JONES, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. H. EMLYN JONES, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Late Clinical Assistant in the Skin‐Department at the London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 24, Issue 10, 1 October 1912, Pages 362–365, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1912.tb16699.x Published: 01 October 1912
Motor neurone disease: towards better care.
Authors: F H Norris, R A Smith, E H Denys
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Even in the most severe forms of motor neurone disease--progressive bulbar palsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--the symptoms and disabilities from progressive paralysis may be relieved in many patients by various symptomatic treatments. Quality of life may be improved even in the terminal stage, when narcotic administration should be considered. The physician's proper role is to offer and carefully supervise these treatments, not withhold them. Home care is recommended even for the most severely paralysed, though hospice care may be a good alternative. The underlying principle--to alleviate symptoms--applies to the management of all progressive incurable diseases.
Treatment of pulmonary infections caused by mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex.
Authors: A M Hunter, I A Campbell, P A Jenkins, A P Smith
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Sixty-four patients with pulmonary infection caused by mycobacteria of the M avium-intracellulare complex have been reviewed. Patients who were asymptomatic on presentation often had a benign course but some developed progressive disease. Symptomatic patients who were not treated usually deteriorated. Various treatment regimens were used. Successful treatment was achieved in the majority of patients using a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin, and either ethambutol or streptomycin given for 24 months. Other forms of treatment given including multiple drug regimens were not as effective.
THE PRESENCE OF ENDOGENOUS PYROGEN IN NORMAL RABBIT TISSUES
Authors: E. S. Snell, Elisha Atkins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Saline extracts of homogenized, uninfected, rabbit tissues produced febrile responses when injected intravenously into rabbits. Extracts of muscle, lung, and heart evoked fevers that were similar to those induced by leucocyte pyrogen; extracts of spleen, liver, and kidney caused more sustained fevers. The minimal pyrogenic dose appeared to be between 1.5 and 3 gm wet weight of tissue. Evidence is presented that neither Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin nor polymorphonuclear leucocytes (circulating or sequestered in the tissues) can be implicated as the source of pyrogen in tissue extracts. It seems likely, therefore, that a pyrogenic material of truly endogenous origin is widely distributed in tissues. Tissue pyrogen appears to be a large molecule which is relatively resistant to treatment with acid but not with alkali. Possible pathological roles for this endogenous agent (or agents) are briefly indicated.
Transcriptional Control of Energy Homeostasis by the Estrogen-Related Receptors
Authors: Vincent Giguère
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2008)

Transcriptional control of cellular energy metabolic pathways is achieved by the coordinated action of numerous transcription factors and associated coregulators. Several members of the nuclear receptor superfamily have been shown to play important roles in this process because they can translate hormonal, nutrient, and metabolite signals into specific gene expression networks to satisfy energy demands in response to distinct physiological cues. Estrogen-related receptor (ERR) alpha, ERRbeta, and ERRgamma are nuclear receptors that have yet to be associated with a natural ligand and are thus considered as orphan receptors. However, the transcriptional activity of the ERRs is exquisitely sensitive to the presence of coregulatory proteins known to be essential for the control of energy homeostasis, and for all intents and purposes, these coregulators function as protein ligands for the ERRs. In particular, functional genomics and biochemical studies have shown that ERRalpha and ERRgamma operate as the primary conduits for the activity of members of the family of PGC-1 coactivators. As transcription factors, the ERRs control vast gene networks involved in all aspects of energy homeostasis, including fat and glucose metabolism as well as mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Phenotypic analyses of knockout mouse models have shown that all three ERRs are indispensable for proper development and/or survival of the organism when subjected to a variety of physiological challenges. The focus of this review is on the recent and rapid advances in understanding the functions of the ERRs in regulating bioenergetic pathways, with an emphasis on their roles in the specification of energetic properties required for cell- and tissue-specific functions.
Segmental Fracture of the Femur
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dr. Kirby von Kessler: A few minutes after being struck by an automobile, a 61-year-old pedestrian was admitted to the emergency ward of the Massachusetts General Hospital. No pulse rate or blood pressure could be obtained. After he received 3 units of whole blood and 2 units of plasma his vital signs stabilized. He complained of abdominal pain. Although the physical examination showed some tenderness in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, his bowel sounds were active. An indwelling Foley catheter, placed into the bladder, drained clear urine. He did not complain of thoracic discomfort, and his respirations were normal. The patient had multiple abrasions over his lower extremities with a deep, contaminated laceration over the proximal anterolateral part of the right thigh. There was swelling and abnormal motion of both the right and left thighs. Sensation and motor power were normal in his lower extremities. The distal pulses
Marked Hyperlipidemia and Pancreatitis Associated with Oral Contraceptive Therapy
Authors: Frank Davidoff, Sigrid Tishler, Chester Rosoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Marked hyperlipidemia, recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and ultimately pancreatitis developed in two women receiving oral contraceptive agents. Chylomicrons were absent from initial and subsequent samples drawn during admission with acute pancreatitis. Since contraceptive therapy was stopped, they have remained symptom free, although mild elevations of endogenous triglycerides persist when they are on ad lib diets. In four other cases reported in the literature massive hyperlipidemia developed during oral contraceptive therapy. Two of these patients also had pancreatitis; laparotomies were performed on three of the total of four patients with pancreatitis for presumptive gallbladder disease. These experiences suggest caution in the use of oral contraceptives in patients with Type 4 hyperlipidemia, and should alert physicians to the possibility of pancreatitis secondary to hyperlipidemia in patients receiving these agents. (N Engl J Med 289:552–555, 1973)
Consequences of an Oversupply of Medical Specialists: The Case of Neurology
Authors: Matthew Menken
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

In recent years, evidence has been accumulating that an oversupply of practicing physicians, especially in some specialties, will become more severe in the next decade as the medical students and postgraduate trainees already in the pipeline complete their education and enter practice.1 Along with an oversupply, a geographic maldistribution of many groups of specialists has been recognized, and a consensus is emerging that would seek a more rational allocation of manpower, so that segments of the population that are currently underserved might receive needed care.2 Schwartz3 and Newhouse4 and their colleagues have studied the diffusion of physicians by community size . . .
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Right Ventricular Tachycardia Late After Repair of Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Bernd-Dieter Gonska, Kejiang Cao, Johann Raab, Georg Eigster, Heinrich Kreuzer
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Ventricular arrhythmias after repair of congenital heart defects are a common finding and possibly contribute to sudden death in these patients. Optimal antiarrhythmic management has not yet been defined.The study population consisted of 16 patients in whom ventricular arrhythmias occurred 11 to 42 years after complete surgical repair of congenital heart defects. Fifteen patients had a history of symptomatic sustained or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, and 1 had frequent nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. The diagnostic mapping procedure to identify the origin of the arrhythmia included pace mapping during sinus rhythm, activation mapping, and pacing interventions during ventricular tachycardia. Catheter ablation was carried out by means of radiofrequency energy in the temperature-controlled mode. The follow-up period was 6 to 33 months (mean, 16 months). A right ventricular origin of the tachycardia in the surgically corrected area could be determined in all patients. Catheter ablation was carried out without complications. Immediate noninducibility was achieved in 15 of the 16 patients. One patient in whom the tachycardia was again inducible at repeat stimulation 1 week later was successfully treated with amiodarone. Eleven patients were taken off antiarrhythmic drugs. During follow-up, none of them had a recurrence of the tachycardia that had been ablated.In patients with symptomatic or frequent ventricular tachycardia late after complete surgical repair of congenital heart defects, catheter ablation by means of radiofrequency energy is feasible and safe and thus might be taken into consideration for these patients. Short-term follow-up results are promising.
E.S.R. in Infective Hepatitis and Malaria
Authors: F. Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1945)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Social networks play a role in slowing the development of dementia. However, there is a need for further investigation of the effects of improving social networks on health-related quality of life and cognitive performance. Targeted community aged care services are a central strategy for supporting older adults to initiate and maintain their social engagement with other individuals at all stages of later life. This protocol describes a prospective observational cohort study aimed at (1) characterising interpersonal relationships in older adults receiving community care services, (2) assessing the relationship social networks and health-related quality of life and cognition and (3) identifying the association between community care use, social networks and cognition. The findings will contribute to our understanding of how specific social network structures and social support services can maintain cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> This is a prospective, observational cohort study of 201 older Australians residing in the community and receiving care services from one of three aged care organisations. Clients with a history of neurological injury will be excluded. Participants will undergo baseline measures of social networks, health-related quality of life and cognitive function, and a follow-up at 6 months. Service use and sociodemographic variables will also be collected. The primary outcome is cognitive function, and secondary outcomes include social networks and health-related quality of life. Multivariable linear regression will test the hypothesis that increased social networks are associated with an increase in cognitive function. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Approval of the study by Macquarie University Research Ethics Committee (reference number 5201831394062) has been obtained. This work will be disseminated by publication of peer-reviewed manuscripts, presentations in abstract form at scientific meetings and results will be made available to home and community-based care older adults and care staff of the involved organisations. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> ACTRN12618001723279; Pre-results.