tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conjunctival MALT Lymphoma
Authors: Asmaa Sallak, Florent L. Besson, Anastasia Pomoni, Alexandre Christinat, Marcel Adler, Jean-Philippe Aegerter, Christophe Nguyen, Laurence de Leval, Valérie Frossard, John O. Prior
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

A 67-year-old woman was referred for staging of a mucosa-associated lymphoid tumor lymphoma involving the left conjunctiva. CT scan had shown paravertebral and pelvic masses, and a breast nodule. FDG PET/CT demonstrated moderately increased uptake in the left ocular conjunctiva and confirmed the paravertebral and pelvic masses and the breast nodule. Moreover, abnormal FDG uptake was shown in 2 breast nodules, the flank, the gluteus maximus, and the gastric cardia. The patient received 6 cycles of rituximab-bendamustine chemotherapy with a complete clinical and metabolic response at the 6-month follow-up PET/CT and remained relapse-free without visual acuity problem after a 36-month follow-up.
HLA-Restricted CTL That Are Specific for the Immune Checkpoint Ligand PD-L1 Occur with High Frequency in Cancer Patients
Authors: Shamaila Munir, Gitte Holmen Andersen, Özcan Met, Marco Donia, Thomas Mørch Frøsig, Stine Kiaer Larsen, Tobias Wirenfeldt Klausen, Inge Marie Svane, Mads Hald Andersen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

PD-L1 (CD274) contributes to functional exhaustion of T cells and limits immune responses in patients with cancer. In this study, we report the identification of an human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-restricted epitope from PD-L1, and we describe natural, cytolytic T-cell reactivity against PD-L1 in the peripheral blood of patients with cancer and healthy individuals. Notably, PD-L1-specific T cells were able not only to recognize and kill tumor cells but also PD-L1-expressing dendritic cells in a PD-L1-dependent manner, insofar as PD-L1 ablation rescued dendritic cells from killing. Furthermore, by incubating nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells with long peptides from PD-L1, we found that PD-L1 was rapidly internalized, processed, and cross-presented by HLA-A2 on the cell surface. Apparently, this cross-presentation was TAP-independent, as it was conducted not only by B cells but in addition by TAP-deficient T2-cells. This is intriguing, as soluble PD-L1 has been detected in the sera from patients with cancer. PD-L1-specific CTL may boost immunity by the killing of immunosuppressive tumor cells as well as regulatory cells. However, PD-L1-specific CTLs may as well suppress immunity by the elimination of normal immune cells especially PD-L1 expressing mature dendritic cells.
Serum and hepatic cholestanol, squalene and noncholesterol sterols in man: A study on liver transplantation
Authors: Katriina Nikkilä, Krister Höckerstedt, Tatu A. Miettinen
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Serum noncholesterol sterols indicate overall cholesterol metabolism in a variety of experimental and clinical conditions. In patients with advanced primary biliary cirrhosis serum cholestanol, a 5 alpha-derivative of cholesterol, is markedly increased, and cholesterol precursors, which are indicators of cholesterol synthesis, are clearly reduced, as is the ratio of plant sterols (campesterol/sitosterol). Therefore these variables were studied in the livers and sera of 23 patients undergoing liver transplantation (16 patients with chronic liver disease, 4 with acute liver failure and 3 receiving second liver) and in 10 healthy controls. A most striking finding was the markedly high liver and serum levels of cholestanol in patients with chronic end-stage liver disease, a finding specific for cholestanol but not for other sterols. Of the cholesterol precursor sterols, lathosterol exhibited low contents in both the serum and liver of the cirrhotic patient group, supposedly reflecting decreased cholesterol synthesis. In contrast to the largely similar levels of noncholesterol sterols in serum and liver and the positive correlations between the two sources, the serum squalene levels were markedly lower than the hepatic levels, with a negative correlation between the serum and the liver, suggesting that serum squalene content poorly reflects cholesterol synthesis. In contrast to campesterol, serum and liver sitosterol tended to show increases, and the serum and hepatic campesterol/sitosterol ratios were lower in the chronic liver disease patients than in the controls, probably because of the more consistently impaired biliary elimination of sitosterol in those patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
NHS smoking cessation services and smoking prevalence: observational study
Authors: Eugene Milne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Recently published health improvement targets for England aim to reduce adult smoking rates (from 26% in 2002) to 21% or less by 2010, reducing prevalence among routine and manual socioeconomic groups (from 31%) to 26% or less. 1 I estimate the contribution of current UK NHS smoking cessation services to delivery of these targets.
Laparoscopic splenectomies for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: Experience of sixty cases
Authors: Amir Szold, Joseph Schwartz, Subhi Abu-Abeid, Shlomo Bulvik, Amiram Eldor
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

We performed a laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) in 60 patients (age 9-83, 45 females) with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who did not achieve sustained remission on steroid therapy. Using a modified procedure, the mean duration of LS was 78 min (range 25-240 min) and surgery was associated with only 5% major and 5% minor complications. Ten patients had a platelet count less than 50 x 10(9)/l during surgery despite the administration of immune globulin (0.4 g/kg x 3-5 days) or pulsed oral dexamethasone (40 mg/day x 4 days). Three patients were refractory to these therapies and underwent LS with a platelet count less than 5 x 10(9)/l. Bleeding complications during or after surgery were rare (5%). Accessory spleens were removed in eight patients. Convalescence was rapid and the mean hospital stay was 2.3 days (range 1-7 days). The patients were followed for a mean of 16 months (range 1-36 months), and 49 patients (84%) are in complete remission. Seven patients (12.5%) relapsed despite an initial good response in 6 of them. Two patients underwent laparoscopic removal of accessory spleens with excellent response. We conclude that LS for ITP is safe and effective and associated with low morbidity and fast recovery. Thus, LS may be considered earlier in the course of ITP.
The Marfan Syndrome: A Deficiency in Chemically Stable Collagen Cross-Links
Authors: Robert J. Boucek, Nancy L. Noble, Zeenat Gunja-Smith, William T. Butler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THE reduced tensile strength of tissues supporting the ocular lenses, cardiac valves, and aorta in heritable connective-tissue diseases is probably due to a defective organization of collagen. Sinc...
Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia, but not methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T mutation, as a risk factor in branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Martin Weger, Olaf Stanger, Hannes Deutschmann, Werner Temmel, Wilfried Renner, Otto Schmut, Franz Quehenberger, Jürgen Semmelrock, Anton Haas
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)
Understanding high and low patient experience scores in primary care: analysis of patients' survey data for general practices and individual doctors
Authors: M. J. Roberts, J. L. Campbell, G. A. Abel, A. F. Davey, N. L. Elmore, I. Maramba, M. Carter, M. N. Elliott, M. O. Roland, J. A. Burt
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine the extent to which practice level scores mask variation in individual performance between doctors within a practice. <b>Design</b> Analysis of postal survey of patients' experience of face-to-face consultations with individual general practitioners in a stratified quota sample of primary care practices. <b>Setting</b> Twenty five English general practices, selected to include a range of practice scores on doctor-patient communication items in the English national GP Patient Survey. <b>Participants</b> 7721 of 15 172 patients (response rate 50.9%) who consulted with 105 general practitioners in 25 practices between October 2011 and June 2013. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Score on doctor-patient communication items from post-consultation surveys of patients for each participating general practitioner. The amount of variance in each of six outcomes that was attributable to the practices, to the doctors, and to the patients and other residual sources of variation was calculated using hierarchical linear models. <b>Results</b> After control for differences in patients' age, sex, ethnicity, and health status, the proportion of variance in communication scores that was due to differences between doctors (6.4%) was considerably more than that due to practices (1.8%). The findings also suggest that higher performing practices usually contain only higher performing doctors. However, lower performing practices may contain doctors with a wide range of communication scores. <b>Conclusions</b> Aggregating patients' ratings of doctors' communication skills at practice level can mask considerable variation in the performance of individual doctors, particularly in lower performing practices. Practice level surveys may be better used to "screen" for concerns about performance that require an individual level survey. Higher scoring practices are unlikely to include lower scoring doctors. However, lower scoring practices require further investigation at the level of the individual doctor to distinguish higher and lower scoring general practitioners.
Oncology Fellows' Career Plans, Expectations, and Well-Being: Do Fellows Know What They Are Getting Into?
Authors: Tait D. Shanafelt, Marilyn Raymond, Leora Horn, Tim Moynihan, Frances Collichio, Helen Chew, Michael P. Kosty, Daniel Satele, Jeff Sloan, William J. Gradishar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose To evaluate the career plans, professional expectations, and well-being of oncology fellows compared with actual experiences of practicing oncologists. Methods US oncology fellows taking the 2013 Medical Oncology In-Training Examination (MedOnc ITE) were invited to participate in an optional postexamination survey. The survey evaluated fellows' career plans and professional expectations and measured burnout, quality of life (QOL), fatigue, and satisfaction with work-life balance (WLB) using standardized instruments. Fellows' professional expectations and well-being were compared with actual experiences of US oncologists assessed simultaneously. Results Of the 1,637 oncology fellows in the United States, 1,373 (83.9%) took the 2013 MedOnc ITE. Among these, 1,345 (97.9%) completed the postexamination survey. The frequency of burnout among fellows decreased from 43.3% in year 1 to 31.7% in year 2 and 28.1% in year 3 (P &lt; .001). Overall, the rate of burnout among fellows and practicing oncologists was similar (34.1% v 33.7%; P = .86). With respect to other dimensions of well-being, practicing oncologists had lower fatigue (P &lt; .001) and better overall QOL scores (P &lt; .001) than fellows but were less satisfied with WLB (P = .0031) and specialty choice (P &lt; .001). Fellows' expectations regarding future work hours were 5 to 6 hours per week fewer than oncologists' actual reported work hours. Levels of burnout (P = .02) and educational debt (P ≤ .004) were inversely associated with ITE scores. Fellows with greater educational debt were more likely to pursue private practice and less likely to plan an academic career. Conclusion Oncology fellows entering practice trade one set of challenges for another. Unrealized expectations regarding work hours may contribute to future professional dissatisfaction, burnout, and challenges with WLB.
NITRIC OXIDE TREATMENT OF RV FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF A LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE AND HYPOXEMIA-INDUCED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Mark A. Lovich, Mathew G. Wakim, Mikhail Y. Maslov, Michael R. Murray, Mathew J. Pezone, Hisashi Tsukada, Arvind K. Agnihotri, Ryan J. Denton, Lucas G. Gamero, Gregory B. Vasquez, Bryan J. Johnson, Robert F. Roscigno, Gilbert J. Richard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Effects of carcinogen-induced transcription factors on the activation of hepatitis B virus expression in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells and its implication on hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Ranjit Banerjee, Lorraine Caruccio, Yu Jing Zhang, Scott McKercher, Regina M. Santella
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the action of common carcinogens, which can act as important cofactors in modulating hepatitis B virus-mediated hepatocellular carcinogenesis, we have investigated the influence of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB), a potent liver carcinogen, as well as benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), carcinogens in cigarette smoke, on the induction of various transcription factors in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. DNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays were performed with nuclear extracts from HepG2 cells treated with 10 micromol/L AFB, 40 micromol/L BP, or 300 micromol/L 4-ABP for 6 and 24 hours. Eight- and 6-fold increases in nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), and 5- and 10-fold increases in activated protein (AP-1) transcription factor were observed with 24 hours AFB and BP treatments, respectively, whereas 4-ABP treatment resulted in an approximately 4-fold induction of both NF-kappaB and AP-1. Moreover, 4-ABP gave the strongest NF-kappaB activation in 6 hours of treatment. Four- and 10-fold activation of stress protein was detected by a consensus heat shock factor (HSF) sequence binding probe, with AFB and BP treatments, respectively. DNA adducts were observed by immunoassays in HepG2 cells treated with AFB and BP but not with 4-ABP. Increased human hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) synthesis was detected in AFB- and BP-treated HepG2 cells following transfection with recircularized HBV DNA. These data suggest that certain carcinogen-induced transcription factors may influence viral carcinogenesis and initiate hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC).
Grass pollen immunotherapy induces highly cross‐reactive IgG antibodies to group V allergen from different grass species
Authors: R. van Ree, P. Z. Brewczynski, K. Y. Tan, H. J. C. Mulder‐Willems, P. Widjaja, S. O. Stapel, R. C. Aalberse, A. M. Kroon
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Sera from two groups of patients receiving grass pollen immunotherapy were tested on IgG reactivity with group V allergen from six different grass species. One group of patients was treated with a mixture of 10 grass species, and the other with a mixture of five. Only Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata , and Phleum pratense were present in both mixtures. Although Anthoxanthum odoratum and Secale cereale were absent from the mixture of five, IgG responses to Ant o V and Sec c V were comparable in both patient groups. This reactivity was inhibited for 92–99% with L. perenne extract, illustrating the cross‐reactive nature of the IgG antibodies. The presence of A. odoratum and S. cereale in the mixture resulted in only minor amounts of species‐specific anti‐group V IgG. These results indicate that application of just one grass species in immunotherapy might be sufficient to induce an IgG response that covers other relevant Gramineae species as well.
Pressor Responses to Noxious Stimuli in Hypertensive Patients: Effect of Reserpine and Chlorothiazide.
Authors: A. P. Shapiro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Pressor Responses to Noxious Stimuli in Hypertensive Patients: Effect of Reserpine and Chlorothiazide.A. P. Shapiro, M.D. (Assoc.)A. P. Shapiro, M.D. (Assoc.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-671_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptStudies of hypotensive drugs in hypertensive patients are limited usually to evaluation of effects on basal blood pressures. It would seem important, however, to determine effects of drugs on pressor responses following noxious stimuli. In a previous study, hyper-reactivity to several psychologic and physical stimuli was demonstrated in a group of hypertensive patients. Although age, sex, and type of stimulus influenced intensity of pressor responses, the level of resting pressure did not. Moreover, normotensive subjects with family history of hypertension were hyper-reactors.In the present study, the same techniques were used to evaluate the influence of reserpine and chlorothiazide on... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. P. Shapiro, M.D. (Assoc.)Affiliations: Pittsburgh, Pa. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 671-671KeywordsBlood pressureDrugsHypertensionReserpine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prolonged presence of VEGF promotes vascularization in 3D bioprinted scaffolds with defined architecture
Authors: Michelle T. Poldervaart, Hendrik Gremmels, Kelly van Deventer, Joost O. Fledderus, F.Cumhur Öner, Marianne C. Verhaar, Wouter J.A. Dhert, Jacqueline Alblas
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
THE PROBLEM OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF NEPHRITIS
Authors: J. P. SIMONDS
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The classification of nephritis is a source of great confusion to students and practitioners of medicine. Most discussions of this subject take the form of a defense of some proposed classification. It has seemed to me that a simpler approach would be a statement and discussion of the problems involved rather than the presentation of some particular classification. This method should furnish a means by which any rational classification may be made intelligible.  There are many reasons why a satisfactory classification of nephritis is difficult to attain. In the first place, the kidneys are highly complex organs. This complexity becomes evident from a mere cataloguing of the various parts of the kidney more or less intimately associated with its function: the renal arteries and arterioles, including the afferent vessels; the glomeruli with their tufts of capillaries lined with endothelium and covered with flat epithelium; Bowman's capsule; the tubules with their
Activated eosinophils and interleukin 5 expression in early recurrence of Crohn's disease.
Authors: S Dubucquoi, A Janin, O Klein, P Desreumaux, P Quandalle, A Cortot, M Capron, J F Colombel
Journal: Gut (1995)

Endoscopic recurrences after radical surgery for Crohn9s disease are useful for studying the pathogenesis of initial lesions of Crohn9s disease. Factors predisposing to recurrence are poorly understood, but it has been shown that eosinophilic infiltration of the neoileum may occur within a few weeks of resection. The aim of this study was to compare, in nine patients having an ileocolectomy, the infiltration of eosinophils and their activation state in normal and diseased areas of the neoileum, three months after surgery. Tissue eosinophils were studied by histochemical methods and electron microscopy. Mucosal expression of interleukin 5 (IL 5), an important eosinophil activating factor was studied using in situ hybridisation. Sixty per cent of patients had endoscopic recurrence at three months. Eosinophil infiltration was more pronounced in diseased than in endoscopically normal areas and was associated with a high expression of IL 5 mRNA. Ultrastructural analysis showed features of eosinophil activation, but no cytotoxic lesions of surrounding inflammatory or epithelial cells. This study suggests that local synthesis of IL 5 associated with eosinophil activation in the tissues could participate in early mucosal damage in Crohn9s disease.
Continuous quality improvement. Concepts and applications for physician care
Authors: S. B. Kritchevsky
Journal: JAMA (1991)

There has been a growing interest by health care leaders in the continuous quality improvement method of quality management. This method uses measurements of quality "indicators" to initiate and drive organizational changes in a never-ending cycle of continuous improvement. Many discussions of the continuous quality improvement method have emphasized the organizational and attitudinal changes necessary to fully implement the model while deemphasizing the uses of measures of quality to guide improvement. In this article, we emphasize the concepts behind the measurement of quality that underline the continuous quality improvement model and give examples of how these concepts can be immediately applied to guide improvement in the quality of physician care.
From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation: Monitoring and vaccinations in patients treated with biologics for psoriasis
Authors: Mark Lebwohl, Jerry Bagel, Joel M. Gelfand, Dafna Gladman, Kenneth B. Gordon, Sylvia Hsu, Robert E. Kalb, Alexa Boer Kimball, Neil J. Korman, Gerald G. Krueger, Philip Mease, Warwick L. Morison, Amy Paller, David M. Pariser, Christopher Ritchlin, Bruce Strober, Abby Van Voorhees, Gerald D. Weinstein, Melodie Young, Liz Horn
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Intestinal Extract in Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: A. Renshaw
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1947)

Many theories, ranging from familial and climatic factors to specific focal infection, have been advanced-from time to time to explain the aetiology of rheum- atic diseases.None of these theories are, however, supported by incontestable data.Much attention has been given to defects and disease in the stomach, the gall-bladder, and the colon; but the functions of the small intestine have received little notice and less research.As a result of numerous post-mortem examinations, sometimes as many as four or six a day for many years, the frequency with which atrophy of the small intestine occurred and the variations in the appearance of this drgan when it was systematically opened and examined throughout its entire length impressed itself upon the writer.The conclusion was reached that rheumatoid arthritis might be a deficiency disease, with perhaps some associated allergic basis, and that the deficiency might arise from an inability to deal adequately with protein digestion and metabolism.It is to be noted that the area of the small intestine, excluding folds and villi, is at least nine or ten times that of the stomach, and Martin and Banks of McGill University (1940) showed that the weight of the dried intestinal mucosa is from three to five times that of the dried pancreas.A special research was, therefore, instituted into the condition of the small intestine in rheumatic patients.It was difficult, especially during the war, to obtain post-mortem material from suitable cases, but a few typical cases were met with and histological material was also obtained from time to time by the kind help of Dr. R. Y. Dawbarn of Liverpool.Some of the material was the outcome of sud- den death (cerebral haemorrhage, etc.) and was obtained within twenty-four hours of death-the external temperature being low or the bodies stored in ice chambers; but some specimens were only available two, three, or even in one case four days after death.Comparison has, however, been made histologically between these cases and that of animal intestines kept for a week after death which presented less severe changes.There is no doubt at all in the mind of the writer that the changes found represent a true disease process and are not autolytic.Some autolysis is, of course, possible; but changes such as fibrosis and endarteritis can by no means be regarded as such, nor can the denudation of the mucosa in large areas when the 15 on July 12,