tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disparity between circulating and marginated neutrophils: Evidence from studies on the granulocyte alkaline phosphatase, a marker of cell maturity
Authors: Jorg Fehr, Hans‐Caspar Grossmann
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Since circulating and marginated human granulocytes are in rapid kinetic equilibrium, cells of these two compartments have been considered to be a homogeneous population. Our studies on the relationship between neutrophil maturity and the granulocyte alkaline phosphatase (GAP) activity cast doubt on this assumption. After iv administration of hydrocortisone, 12 male volunteers showed an augmentation in circulating granulocytes of 5730 cells/mm3, accompanied by an increase of band neutrophils from 18% to 33% (p less than 0.001). During this influx phase, the GAP activity decreased by 73% when measured cytochemically and by 28% when assayed biochemically (p less than 0.001 and less than 0.01, respectively). When granulocytes were demarginated by epinephrine, the mean count increased by 38%, accompanied by a rise in the portion of segmented forms from 74% to 79% (p less than 0.005) and by an increase of the cytochemical GAP activity by 24% (p less than 0.01). Exact complementary results were obtained during an excessive transient margination, the hemodialysis neutropenia: bands increased from 24% to 54% (p less than 0.02), while the cytochemical GAP dropped by 40% (p less than 0.005). Thus, our analysis of three situations with an acute transient shift of granulocytes indicates that functionally or chronologially "older" cells have a higher GAP activity, and that the transfer of granulocyte from the circulating to the marginal pool is selective.
Bronchial challenges with aerosolized food in asthmatic, food‐allergic children
Authors: G. Roberts, N. Golder, G. Lack
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Allergic asthma is usually considered to be provoked by aeroallergens. However, we have recently recognized a group of children with food allergies who also develop asthma when exposed to the aerosolized form of the food. Methods: Between 1997 and 1999 we prospectively identified children with an immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐mediated food allergy who develop asthma on inhalational exposure to the relevant food allergen while it is being cooked. Subjects were exposed for 20 min to the aerosolized form of the allergen and the symptoms and the lung function were monitored. Aerosolization was achieved by cooking the food in a small room. Where possible challenges were double‐blinded. Results: We identified 12 children with an IgE‐mediated food allergy who developed asthma on inhalational exposure to food. The implicated foods were fish, chickpea, milk, egg or buckwheat. Nine out of the 12 children consented to undergo a bronchial food challenge. Five challenges were positive with objective clinical features of asthma. Additionally, two children developed late‐phase symptoms with a decrease in lung function. Positive reactions were seen with fish, chickpea and buckwheat. There were no reactions to the seven placebo challenges. Conclusions: We have presented a prospective series of children with food allergy who developed symptoms of asthma with exposure to aerosolized food allergens. Our data demonstrates that, as in the case of other aeroallergens, inhaled food allergens can produce both early‐ and late‐phase asthmatic responses. This highlights the importance of considering foods as aeroallergens in children with coexistent food allergy and allergic asthma. For these children, dietary avoidance alone may not be sufficient and further environmental measures may be required to limit exposure to aerosolized food.
A Senescence-Inflammatory Switch from Cancer-Inhibitory to Cancer-Promoting Mechanism
Authors: Ariel Pribluda, Ela Elyada, Zoltan Wiener, Haya Hamza, Robert E. Goldstein, Moshe Biton, Ido Burstain, Yael Morgenstern, Guy Brachya, Hana Billauer, Sharon Biton, Irit Snir-Alkalay, Domagoj Vucic, Katharina Schlereth, Marco Mernberger, Thorsten Stiewe, Moshe Oren, Kari Alitalo, Eli Pikarsky, Yinon Ben-Neriah
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Harry A. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —While attending a recent scientific meeting during which a beautifully illustrated series of cases of disseminated lupus erythematosus (LED) was presented, I could not help but be reminded of the following experiences. Within the past several years, I have seen two young women who had severe, prompt exacerbations of disseminated lupus after clinical photography. In each instance, the film used was of the daylight-color type and the light source, electronic flash, which has the capacity to produce ultraviolet rays. At the short distances required for close-ups, this can be considerable. One of these patients had a history of previous development of rash and exacerbation of her symptoms after exposure to sunlight. The second case was somewhat more puzzling since the apparent onset of disease was in the late fall, at a time when exposure to sunlight is unlikely to be harmful in this area. More intensive questioning
Respiratory Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in a Panel Study of Asthmatic and Symptomatic Children
Authors: JOEL SCHWARTZ, KIRSI L. TIMONEN, JUHA PEKKANEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The effect of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on respiratory health was investigated among 7- to 12-yr-old children with asthmatic (n = 74) or cough (n = 95) symptoms. For 3 mo the children measured their peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) every morning and evening, and kept a daily diary of respiratory symptoms. They also noted daily whether they had used respiratory medication and whether someone had smoked inside their home. Eleven percent of the asthmatic children and 14% of the children with cough had exposure to ETS at home during the study. In multiple regression and analyses controlling for potential confounders, any exposure to ETS during the study was associated with a reduction of 42 L / min (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10 to 74 L/min) in morning and 41 L/min (95% CI: 8 to 74 L/min) in evening PEFR among asthmatic children. Among these children, a dose-dependent increase in the effect of ETS was also seen. Daily variation in ETS exposure was only weakly ( − 9.2 L / min; 95% CI: 2.9 to 21.2 L/min) associated with PEFR, but the previous day's ETS exposure was a risk factor for bronchodilator use (relative risk [RR]: 10.3; 95% CI: 1.3 to 83.7), as well as for cough (RR: 12.4; 95% CI: 2.4 to 63.3) and phlegm production (RR: 7.8; 95% CI: 1.4 to 41.7), on any given day. Among children with cough only, there was only a weak suggestion of any possible ETS effect. In conclusion, we found that exposure to ETS was associated with a decline in peak flow and increases in respiratory symptoms and use of bronchodilator drugs among asthmatic children. Schwartz J, Timonen KL, Pekkanen J. Respiratory effects of environmental tobacco smoke in a panel study of asthmatic and symptomatic children.
Disease and Its Control: The Shaping of Modern Thought
Authors: William K. Beatty
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Dr Hudson has written a lively, informative, and thought-provoking book. Pointing out that "our conception of a disease dictates our response to that disease," Hudson traces the doctor's and patient's relationships to disease down through the centuries. He shows how we have obtained our information about diseases from ancient times to the present and describes the accompanying changes in viewpoints. Disease first appeared as a product or retribution from some supernatural power. Then, primarily through the work of Hippocrates, disease became a natural and generalized concept. Hudson devotes considerable space to the role of the anatomic idea in leading physicians toward increased understanding. He next describes the changing view of disease as a localized process, the role of the experimental approach, and the gradual development of the concept of specificity in causation, prevention, and therapy. The author carefully distinguishes between disease (broad and impersonal) and illness (specific and personal) and
Chronotropic response to acetylcholine injected into the sinus node artery of the isolated atrium of the dog
Authors: S. CHIBA, M. N. LEVY, H. ZIESKE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Journal Article Chronotropic response to acetylcholine injected into the sinus node artery of the isolated atrium of the dog Get access SHIGETOSHI CHIBA, SHIGETOSHI CHIBA 2 From the Department of Investigative Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA 2Supported by a grant from the Samuel T. Haas Charitable Trust Fund. Permanent address: Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MATTHEW N. LEVY, MATTHEW N. LEVY From the Department of Investigative Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HARRISON ZIESKE HARRISON ZIESKE From the Department of Investigative Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 9, Issue 1, January 1975, Pages 127–133, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/9.1.127 Published: 01 January 1975
Effect of Mechanical Ventilation on the Diaphragm
Authors: Gary C. Sieck, Carlos B. Mantilla
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

It is widely assumed that respiratory-muscle weakness, either intrinsic or due to fatigue, leads to respiratory failure.1 For the past 30 years, attention has been focused on whether the diaphragm muscle is especially susceptible to fatigue in patients with chronic pulmonary disease and critical illness, increasing the potential for respiratory failure.2,3 In the 1980s and early 1990s, this concern led to the practice of resting the diaphragm with the use of mechanical ventilation to reverse fatigue. However, in studies examining transdiaphragmatic pressure in patients being weaned from mechanical ventilation, failure to wean was not consistently associated with a decrease . . .
Ingram method: the precursor of photochemotherapy
Authors: WOLFGANG P. RAAB
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Ingram method: the precursor of photochemotherapy Get access WOLFGANG P. RAAB WOLFGANG P. RAAB Allergy Clinic ‘Innere Stadt’, A‐1010 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue s20, 1 August 1981, Pages 77–81, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb01016.x Published: 01 August 1981
Time for global action on fake and substandard drugs
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In an article this week a self defined “diverse group of authors from the health professions, health charities, legal and medical academia, and former or current government officials in health” present us with a troubling paradox: the world currently has tighter laws to tackle fake tobacco products than it does to tackle fake drugs (doi:10.1136/bmj.e7381). At the moment, as they explain, there are laws that promote an open global medicines trade but no binding international health law on drug safety. The result is that fake and substandard drugs continue to harm and kill people around the world, affecting both proprietary and generic drugs, and haunting rich countries as well as poor. As Andrew Jack explains (doi:10.1136/bmj.e7836 …
Ventilator-associated pneumonia in children after cardiac surgery in The Netherlands
Authors: P. P. Roeleveld, D. Guijt, E. J. Kuijper, M. G. Hazekamp, R. B. P. de Wilde, E. de Jonge
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)

We conducted a retrospective cohort study in an academic tertiary care center to characterize ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in pediatric patients after cardiac surgery in The Netherlands.All patients following cardiac surgery and mechanically ventilated for ≥24 h were included. The primary outcome was development of VAP. Secondary outcomes were duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay.A total of 125 patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 16.5 months. The rate of VAP was 17.1/1,000 mechanical ventilation days. Frequently found organisms were Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients with VAP had longer duration of ventilation and longer ICU stay. Risk factors associated with the development of VAP were a PRISM III score of ≥10 and transfusion of fresh frozen plasma.The mean VAP rate in this population is higher than that reported in general pediatric ICU populations. Children with VAP had a prolonged need for mechanical ventilation and a longer ICU stay.
Quantitative Analysis of Red Color Sign in the Endoscopic Evaluation of Esophageal Varices
Authors: S. Ichikawa, S. Okamura, K. Tujigami, Y. Kusaka, M. Tadatsu, Y. Okita, A. Tsutsui, N. Muguruma, T. Okahisa, H. Shibata, I. Shimizu, S. Ito, K. Umino
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Bleeding due to esophageal variceal rupture is associated with an extremely high mortality rate. Variceal bleeding is frequent in patients who have a red color sign on endoscopy. However, the red color sign is subjectively evaluated on the basis of color tone and the shape of the varices. To allow standardization and facilitate consensus, an objective method of assessing the red color sign is needed. In this study, a system was established for quantifying the red color sign during endoscopic evaluation.
Role of interleukin-28B polymorphisms in the treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 2 infection in Asian patients
Authors: Ming-Lung Yu, Chung-Feng Huang, Jee-Fu Huang, Ning-Chia Chang, Jeng-Fu Yang, Zu-Yau Lin, Shinn-Cherng Chen, Ming-Yuh Hsieh, Liang-Yen Wang, Wen-Yu Chang, Yi-Ning Li, Mei-Shin Wu, Chia-Yen Dai, Suh-Hang Hank Juo, Wan-Long Chuang
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Genome-wide association studies have linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the interleukin-28B gene to the hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1) response to peginterferon/ribavirin treatment. We aimed to explore the impact on the treatment outcomes of Asian HCV-2 patients. We determined rs8105790, rs8099917, rs4803219, and rs10853728 to be candidate SNPs in 482 Asian HCV-2 patients treated with the standard of care. Because the first three SNPs were in very strong linkage disequilibrium with one another (r2 = 0.94-0.96), rs8099917 and rs10853728 were selected for an analysis of their influence on the achievement of rapid virological response [RVR; seronegativity for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in treatment week 4] and sustained virological response (SVR; seronegativity for HCV RNA throughout 24 weeks of posttreatment follow-up). The rs10853728 genotype did not predict RVR or SVR in HCV-2 patients. However, patients with the rs8099917 TT genotype, in comparison with patients with GT/GG genotypes, had a significantly higher rate of achieving RVR (85.2% versus 72.0%, P = 0.017) but did have not a significantly higher rate of achieving SVR (89.4% versus 86.0%). Multivariate analysis revealed that a baseline HCV viral load <400,000 IU/mL was the strongest predictor of RVR [odds ratio (OR) = 4.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.31-7.87, P < 0.001], and this was followed by advanced liver fibrosis (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.15-0.53, P < 0.001), the carriage of the rs8099917 TT genotype (OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.34-7.21, P = 0.008), and the pretreatment level of aspartate aminotransferase (OR = 0.996, 95% CI = 0.99-1.00, P = 0.04). Nevertheless, the achievement of RVR was the single predictor of SVR with an OR of 19.37 (95% CI = 8.89-42.23, P < 0.001), whereas the rs8099917 genotypes played no role in achieving SVR with or without RVR. The rs8099917 TT genotype is significantly independently predictive of RVR, which is the single best predictor of SVR, in Asian HCV-2 patients.
Narrative Review: Evolving Concepts in Potassium Homeostasis and Hypokalemia
Authors: Megan Greenlee, Charles S. Wingo, Alicia A. McDonough, Jang Hyun Youn, Bruce C Kone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Humans are intermittently exposed to large variations in potassium intake, which range from periods of fasting to ingestion of potassium-rich meals. These fluctuations would abruptly alter plasma potassium concentration if not for rapid mechanisms, primarily in skeletal muscle and the liver, that buffer the changes in plasma potassium concentration by means of transcellular potassium redistribution and feedback control of renal potassium excretion. However, buffers have capacity limits, and even robust feedback control mechanisms require that the perturbation occur before feedback can initiate corrective action. In contrast, feedforward control mechanisms sense the effect of disturbances on the system's homeostasis. This review highlights recent experimental insights into the participation of feedback and feedforward control mechanisms in potassium homeostasis. New data make clear that feedforward homeostatic responses activate when decreased potassium intake is sensed, even when plasma potassium concentration is still within the normal range and before frank hypokalemia ensues, in addition to the classic feedback activation of renal potassium conservation when plasma potassium concentration decreases. Given the clinical importance of dyskalemias in patients, these novel experimental paradigms invite renewed clinical inquiry into this important area.
Heart Failure With Preserved and Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial
Authors: Barry R. Davis, John B. Kostis, Lara M. Simpson, Henry R. Black, William C. Cushman, Paula T. Einhorn, Michael A. Farber, Charles E. Ford, Daniel Levy, Barry M. Massie, Shah Nawaz
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Heart failure (HF) developing in hypertensive patients may occur with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (PEF [>or=50%] or REF [<50%]). In the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 42 418 high-risk hypertensive patients were randomized to chlorthalidone, amlodipine, lisinopril, or doxazosin, providing an opportunity to compare these treatments with regard to occurrence of hospitalized HFPEF or HFREF.HF diagnostic criteria were prespecified in the ALLHAT protocol. EF estimated by contrast ventriculography, echocardiography, or radionuclide study was available in 910 of 1367 patients (66.6%) with hospitalized events meeting ALLHAT criteria. Cox regression models adjusted for baseline characteristics were used to examine treatment differences for HF (overall and by PEF and REF). HF case fatality rates were examined. Of those with EF data, 44.4% had HFPEF and 55.6% had HFREF. Chlorthalidone reduced the risk of HFPEF compared with amlodipine, lisinopril, or doxazosin; the hazard ratios were 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53 to 0.91; P=0.009), 0.74 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.97; P=0.032), and 0.53 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.73; P<0.001), respectively. Chlorthalidone reduced the risk of HFREF compared with amlodipine or doxazosin; the hazard ratios were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.94; P=0.013) and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.79; P<0.001), respectively. Chlorthalidone was similar to lisinopril with regard to incidence of HFREF (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.40; P=0.596). After HF onset, death occurred in 29.2% of participants (chlorthalidone/amlodipine/lisinopril) with new-onset HFPEF versus 41.9% in those with HFREF (P<0.001; median follow-up, 1.74 years); and in the chlorthalidone/doxazosin comparison that was terminated early, 20.0% of HFPEF and 26.0% of HFREF patients died (P=0.185; median follow-up, 1.55 years).In ALLHAT, with adjudicated outcomes, chlorthalidone significantly reduced the occurrence of new-onset hospitalized HFPEF and HFREF compared with amlodipine and doxazosin. Chlorthalidone also reduced the incidence of new-onset HFPEF compared with lisinopril. Among high-risk hypertensive men and women, HFPEF has a better prognosis than HFREF.
Minibike and Motorcycle Accidents in Adolescents
Authors: John M. Speca
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Twenty-one adolescents, ranging in age from 9 to 16 years, sustained accidental injuries while operating a minibike, motorcycle, or go-cart. Their injuries ranged from lacerations and contusions to paraplegia and amputation. This study suggests that this new pattern of injury is reaching epidemic levels in this age group. (<i>JAMA</i>232:55-56, 1975)
Passive Smoking on Commercial Airlines
Authors: Daniel J. Labriola
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  While I agree that Passive Smoking on Commercial Airline Flights 1 provides good correlative data for environmental tobacco smoke on commercial jet aircraft, I do not agree that it represents a typical commercial flight as claimed. To make such an assertion, one would have to know the amount of outside air per passenger in absolute figures such as cubic feet per minute (percentage of recirculated air noted in the report is not sufficient), the time-weighted average of the number of cigarettes smoked, and the total number of passengers, none of which is provided. This information could then be correlated with airline system statistics to provide a representative picture. Each of these variables can have a marked effect on the levels of environmental tobacco smoke components and their resulting physiological effects. For example, the amount of outside air per passenger can vary sixfold with normal discretionary operation
The labeling of cationic iron oxide nanoparticle-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells using targeted magnetoliposomes
Authors: Stefaan J.H. Soenen, Alain R. Brisson, Eveline Jonckheere, Nele Nuytten, Sisareuth Tan, Uwe Himmelreich, Marcel De Cuyper
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Asthma and lung structure on computed tomography: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Lung Study
Authors: Kathleen M. Donohue, Eric A. Hoffman, Heather Baumhauer, Junfeng Guo, Firas S. Ahmed, Gina S. Lovasi, David R. Jacobs, Paul Enright, R. Graham Barr
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)