tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ACCELERATION OF ESTERASE ACTION
Authors: James W. Jobling, A. A. Eggstein, William Petersen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

1. Potassium citrate, potassium oxalate, and calcium lactate accelerate the action of tissue and serum esterases. 2. Intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of large amounts of sodium citrate do not cause a definite increase in the activity of the serum esterase.
Long term non-invasive domiciliary assisted ventilation for respiratory failure following thoracoplasty.
Authors: M Jackson, I Smith, M King, J Shneerson
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Ventilatory failure is a well recognised complication of patients who have had a thoracoplasty for tuberculosis, but there are few data regarding the value of long term non-invasive assisted ventilation in this situation.Thirty two patients who had had a thoracoplasty 20-46 years previously and who had developed respiratory failure were treated with nocturnal cuirass assisted ventilation or nasal positive pressure ventilation. Their survival and changes in arterial blood gases, nocturnal oximetry, and pulmonary function tests were assessed.The actuarial survival rates at one, three, five, and seven years after starting treatment were 91%, 74%, 64%, and 55%, respectively. Only seven of the 13 deaths were directly attributable to chronic respiratory or cardiac failure. The arterial PO2, PCO2, mean nocturnal oxygen saturation, vital capacity, and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures had all improved at the time of the initial post-treatment assessment (mean 12 days after starting treatment), but no subsequent improvements were seen after up to 48 months of follow up. Neither survival nor physiological improvements were correlated with the patients' age, the interval since thoracoplasty, or the pretreatment arterial blood gas tensions or results of pulmonary function tests.These results show that, even when ventilatory failure has developed, the prognosis with non-invasive assisted ventilation is good and the physiological abnormalities can be partially reversed. Patients who develop respiratory failure after a thoracoplasty should be considered for this type of long term domiciliary treatment.
Attenuated release of biologically active luteinizing hormone in healthy aging men.
Authors: R J Urban, J D Veldhuis, R M Blizzard, M L Dufau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

To examine the biological quality and physiologically pulsatile mode of endogenous luteinizing hormone release in active, healthy aging men, we used the rat interstitial-cell testosterone in vitro bioassay to probe LH bioactivity in response to (a) endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) action (basal pulsatile bioactive LH secretion); (b) exogenous GnRH stimulation (10 micrograms IV pulses); and (c) inhibition of endogenous estrogen negative feedback (treatment with a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, tamoxifen). Basally, some healthy older men exhibited evidence of neuroendocrine dysfunction, reflected by irregular bursts of bioactive LH release followed by transiently low plasma bio:immuno (B:I) LH ratios. However, mean basal plasma bioactive LH concentrations, B:I ratios, and spontaneous LH pulse properties (peak frequency, amplitude, duration, and enhanced B:I ratios within LH peaks) were not altered in older men. On the other hand, augmentation of bioactive LH secretion and enhancement of plasma B:I ratios by pulsed injections of exogenous GnRH were either significantly reduced or absent in older men. In addition, although tamoxifen increased bioactive LH pulse frequency in both age groups and facilitated exogenous GnRH action in some subjects, older men increased their 12-h mean bioactive LH concentrations, B:I ratios, and bioactive LH peak amplitudes to a significantly lesser degree than young men. In summary, young and older healthy men exhibit similar mean basal plasma bioactive LH concentrations and spontaneous LH pulse properties. However, pituitary bioactive LH reserve is markedly attenuated in older men challenged with either exogenous GnRH or antiestrogen. Accordingly, we conclude that healthy aging men manifest an impaired secretory reserve for biologically active LH release.
Hydrocortisone directly promotes cholesterol accumulation in macrophages
Authors: Daniela Greco, Elda Favari, Maria Pia Adorni, Francesca Zimetti, Rita Gatti, Franco Bernini, Nicoletta Ronda
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Hypercortisolism, endogenous and related to chronic therapies, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk,1 generally attributed to corticosteroid-induced salt retention and hypertension, glucose intolerance, increased appetite and obesity, and hypercholesterolaemia.

We propose a novel mechanism for corticosteroids pro-atherogenic action, namely a direct promotion of foam cell formation.

We investigated the direct effect of hydrocortisone on cholesterol accumulation in a model of human macrophages, based on the THP-1 cells (an acute monocyte leukaemia cell line) that can be differentiated to macrophage phenotype by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment and is widely used in foam cell formation studies. Total cholesterol cell content was measured, according to an established protocol,2 with or without preincubation with hydrocortisone, using normal human serum as cholesterol donor, function due mainly to its low density lipoprotein (LDL) content. We found that hydrocortisone treatment significantly enhances cell cholesterol accumulation (figure 1A). Similar results were obtained when hydrocortisone was added to the normal human serum (data not shown).



Figure 1 
Cell cholesterol accumulation and efflux in THP-1 cells treated with hydrocortisone. (A) Cell cholesterol content after: 24 h incubation with medium (medium), 24 h incubation with normal human serum 5% (NHS), 16 h pre-incubation with hydrocortisone …
Endoscopic Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Malignancies
Authors: P. Spinelli, F. G. Cerrai, M. Dal Fante, A. Mancini, E. Meroni, P. Pizzetti
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Palliative endoscopic treatment of the upper gastro-intestinal (UGI) tract includes: dilation, Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation and intubation, used alone or in combination. These procedures are usually performed on an outpatient basis and are associated with a low rate of morbidity and mortality. From 1978 to 1992, 836 patients were treated at the Endoscopy Division of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, for inoperable primary or recurrent malignancies of the UGI-tract. Recanalization was obtained in 96% of patients treated; functional results have been computed according to the site and to the endoscopic method. Overall median survival was 6.2 months. The complication rate was 8%. Relief of dysphagia is the goal of palliative treatment in patients with inoperable neoplasms of the UGI-tract.
Pretherapy alanine transaminase level as a determinant for hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion during lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Rong-Nan Chien, Yun-Fan Liaw, Mark Atkins
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

In the reported Asian lamivudine trial, the rate of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, defined as HBeAg/hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA seroclearance and development of anti-HBe, during 52 weeks of treatment was only 13% to 16%. To evaluate whether any factors influenced HBeAg seroconversion, data from 345 patients in that trial were reanalyzed to correlate HBeAg seroconversion with variables including treatment, age, gender, body build, histology, baseline HBV-DNA levels, and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels. Exploratory analysis using stepwise modeling revealed that HBeAg seroconversion correlated highly with pretherapy ALT ( P &lt; .001) followed by lamivudine therapy ( P = .013), but only marginally with baseline HBV-DNA ( P = .071) and cirrhosis ( P = .066) for lamivudine 100 mg and placebo comparison. Among these four variables, only pretherapy ALT still had a highly significant ( P &lt; .001) correlation and lamivudine therapy had a borderline association ( P = .066) for lamivudine 25 mg and placebo comparison. Categorical analysis revealed that HBeAg seroconversion occurred earlier and the cumulative rate was significantly higher in patients with pretherapy ALT values over 2 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) as compared with treated patients with lower ALT levels or untreated control patients with the same ALT levels ( P &lt; .001, respectively). The highest HBeAg seroconversion rate was observed in 100 mg lamivudine-treated patients with ALT levels greater than 5 times the ULN (64%) compared with patients with ALT 2 to 5 times the ULN (26%, P = .03); and ALT less than 2 times the ULN, (5%, P &lt; .001). These results suggest that pretherapy ALT is the strongest determinant for HBeAg seroconversion during lamivudine therapy, and should be considered in selecting patients for treatment.
Ethical and Professional Considerations Providing Medical Evaluation and Care to Refugee Asylum Seekers
Authors: Ramin Asgary, Clyde L. Smith
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

A significant number of asylum seekers who largely survived torture live in the United States. Asylum seekers have complex social and medical problems with significant barriers to health care access. When evaluating and providing care for survivors, health providers face important challenges regarding medical ethics and professional codes. We review ethical concerns in regard to accountability, the patient-physician relationship, and moral responsibilities to offer health care irrespective of patient legal status; competing professional responsibility toward society and the judiciary system; concerns about the consistency of asylum seekers' claims; ethical concerns surrounding involving trainees and researching within the evaluation setting; and the implication of broader societal views towards rights and social justice. We discuss contributing factors, including inadequate and insufficient provider training, varying and inadequate institutional commitment, asylum seekers' significant medical and social problems, and the broader health and social system issues. We review existing resources to address these concerns and offer suggestions.
Relationship of venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarction with the renin‐angiotensin system in African‐Americans
Authors: W. Craig Hooper, Nicole F. Dowling, Nanette K. Wenger, Anne Dilley, Dorothy Ellingsen, Bruce L. Evatt
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Genetic polymorphisms/mutations associated with venous thrombosis have largely been confined to the genes that encode for proteins in either the coagulant or the anticoagulant pathway. Although genetic alterations in the renin–angiotensin system have been reported to have a role in myocardial infarction and hypertension, there is recent evidence to suggest that there may also be an association with venous thrombosis. To extend our earlier observation of an association between the ACE DD genotype in African‐American males and venous thrombosis, other genes in the renin–angiotensin pathway were investigated for possible disease association and were compared with African‐Americans with myocardial infarction. African‐American patients with a documented history of venous thrombosis or a history of myocardial infarction were eligible for participation as cases in the study. Control subjects were African‐American outpatients attending a clinical laboratory for routine blood tests who had comparable age and gender distributions to the cases. Persons with a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or thrombosis were excluded. Genes that were analyzed for known polymorphisms included angiotensinogen, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), and the angiotensin II type I receptor. Our results showed that the ACE DD genotype was also associated with MI in African‐American males but not in females. Racial/ethnic and sex differences were also found with respect to the genotype distribution of the ACE 4656(CT) 2/3 poly‐ morphism. It was observed that the 2/2 genotype had a protective effective in males for myocardial infarction and venous thrombosis. The data also demonstrated that the allele frequencies of the A1166C variant of the angiotensin II type I receptor were different in African‐Americans as compared to Caucasians. Am. J. Hematol. 70:1–8, 2002.
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus Nephritus, and Risks of Lymphoid Irradiation
Authors: HANS W. GRÜNWALD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1985Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus Nephritus, and Risks of Lymphoid IrradiationHANS W. GRÜNWALD, M.D., FRED ROSNER, M.D.HANS W. GRÜNWALD, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FRED ROSNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-1-155_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Strober and associates (1) report a randomized, double-blind trial in intractable rheumatoid arthritis (1) and an uncontrolled trial in intractable lupus nephritis (2). These authors state that "there is no increase in the risk of hematologic malignancies in patients given total lymphoid irradiation alone" and cite studies done in Stanford, Copenhagen, and Milan.The risk of treatment-related leukemia is highest when radiotherapy is followed by combination or single-agent (usually alkylating agent) chemotherapy (3), but we have also pointed out the occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia in 20 patients who had only received radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. There...References1. STROBERTANAYFIELD SAE. Efficacy of total lymphoid irradiation in intractable rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:441-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STROBERFIELDHOPPE SER. Treatment of intractable lupus nephritis with total lymphoid irradiation. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:450-8. LinkGoogle Scholar3. GRÜNWALDROSNER HF. Acute myeloid leukemia following treatment of Hodgkin's disease: a review. Cancer. 1982;50:676-83. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. COURT-BROWNDOLL WR. Mortality from cancer and other causes after radiotherapy for ankylosing spondylitis. Br Med J. 1965;2:1327-32. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Queens Hospital Center Affiliation of the Long Island Jewish Medical Center Jamaica, NY 11432 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1985Volume 103, Issue 1Page: 155-155KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaChemotherapeutic agentsChemotherapyHematologic malignanciesHodgkin lymphomaLupus nephritisRheumatoid arthritisRisk management ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Educational Continuity in Clinical Clerkships
Authors: David M. Irby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Continuity in medical-student clerkships is becoming a thing of the past. There is little continuity between students and teachers, between students and patients, and between specialty-based components of the curriculum. Although block rotations in clerkships have been used for more than 100 years, in Abraham Flexner's day, patients, teachers, and students were together in the hospital for extended periods on medicine, obstetrics, and surgery services, which provided excellent opportunities to learn in a relatively relaxed and longitudinally mentored environment. Not so today.Faculty members struggle to meet clinical productivity quotas while maintaining teaching and research responsibilities. Attending physicians are on . . .
THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS OF THE URINARY TRACT IN WOMEN.
Authors: EDGAR GARCEAU
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>TREATMENT OF THE BLADDER.</h3> Within comparatively recent years the disease was thought to be incurable, but the results that have been obtained in the treatment of the disease have disproved this. Two factors have contributed to this end, better means of diagnosis and better means of treatment. At present it is possible to treat a tuberculous bladder ulcer locally, by applications which are made with as much accuracy as though the ulcer were on the surface of the skin. Hygiene has also played an important part in the therapeusis, as it has in tubercular affections of other parts of the body. The prognosis of tuberculosis of the bladder and of the upper urinary passages is to-day most encouraging, and it has kept pace with the brilliant results that have been obtained in the treatment of the pulmonary affection. For purposes of convenience we may divide the subject of treatment into
Empowering Patients to Monitor and Manage Oral Anticoagulation Therapy
Authors: Jack E. Ansell
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EFFECTS OF PHYTOSTEROL SUPPLEMENTATION TO THE MAXIMUM LIPID-LOWERING THERAPY IN FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: Livia N. Matos, Valeria A. Machado, Silvio A. Barbosa, Marilia I. Fonseca, Francisco A. Fonseca, Ney C. Borges, Maria C. Izar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Chronic graft-versus-host disease: long-term results from a randomized trial on graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis with or without anti–T-cell globulin ATG-Fresenius
Authors: Gérard Socié, Claudia Schmoor, Wolfgang A. Bethge, Hellmut D. Ottinger, Matthias Stelljes, Axel R. Zander, Liisa Volin, Tapani Ruutu, Dominik A. Heim, Rainer Schwerdtfeger, Karin Kolbe, Jiri Mayer, Johan A. Maertens, Werner Linkesch, Ernst Holler, Vladimir Koza, Martin Bornhäuser, Hermann Einsele, Hans-Jochem Kolb, Hartmut Bertz, Matthias Egger, Olga Grishina, Jürgen Finke
Journal: Blood (2011)
Famciclovir for the Treatment of Acute Herpes Zoster: Effects on Acute Disease and Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Stephen Tyring, Rick A. Barbarash, James E. Nahlik, Anthony Cunningham, John Marley, Madalene Heng, Terry Jones, Ted Rea, Ron Boon, Robin Saltzman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To document the effects of treatment with famciclovir on the acute signs and symptoms of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Setting: 36 centers in the United States, Canada, and Australia. Patients: 419 immunocompetent adults with uncomplicated herpes zoster. Intervention: Patients were assigned within 72 hours of rash onset to famciclovir, 500 mg; famciclovir, 750 mg; or placebo, three times daily for 7 days. Measurements: Lesions were assessed daily for as long as 14 days until full crusting occurred and then weekly until the lesions healed. Viral cultures were obtained daily while vesicles were present. Pain was assessed at each of the visits at which lesions were examined and then monthly for 5 months after the lesions healed. Safety was assessed throughout the study. Results: Famciclovir was well tolerated, with a safety profile similar to that of placebo. Famciclovir accelerated lesion healing and reduced the duration of viral shedding. Most importantly, famciclovir recipients had faster resolution of postherpetic neuralgia (approximately twofold faster) than placebo recipients; differences between the placebo group and both the 500-mg famciclovir group (hazard ratio, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.1 to 2.7]) and the 750-mg famciclovir group (hazard ratio, 1.9 [CI, 1.2 to 2.9]) were statistically significant (P = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). The median duration of postherpetic neuralgia was reduced by approximately 2 months. Conclusions: Oral famciclovir, 500 mg or 750 mg three times daily for 7 days, is an effective and well-tolerated therapy for herpes zoster that decreases the duration of the disease's most debilitating complication, postherpetic neuralgia. *For members of the Collaborative Famciclovir Herpes Zoster Study Group, see Appendix.
Mast cell disease associated with acute myeloid leukemia: Detection of a newc-kit mutation Asp816His
Authors: Vinod A. Pullarkat, Sheeja T. Pullarkat, David C. Calverley, Russell K. Brynes
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Mast cell disease (MCD), a proliferation of mast cells (MC), is occasionally associated with hematologic malignancies. Neoplastic MC have activating c-kit mutations. c-kit is a receptor tyrosine kinase required for the development, proliferation, and survival of MC. Interaction of c-kit with its ligand stem cell factor induces dimerization, receptor phosphorylation, and signal transduction. The most common c-kit mutation detected in neoplastic MCD is Asp816Val, which results in ligand-independent autophosphorylation of the receptor leading to MC proliferation. We describe the rare occurrence of MCD associated with acute myeloid leukemia, report a novel c-kit mutation Asp816 His, and discuss the pathogenesis of MCD associated with hematologic malignancies. Am. J. Hematol. 65:307–309, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Incidence and Predictors of Drug-Eluting Stent Thrombosis During and After Discontinuation of Thienopyridine Treatment
Authors: Flavio Airoldi, Antonio Colombo, Nuccia Morici, Azeem Latib, John Cosgrave, Lutz Buellesfeld, Erminio Bonizzoni, Mauro Carlino, Ulrich Gerckens, Cosmo Godino, Gloria Melzi, Iassen Michev, Matteo Montorfano, Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi, Asif Qasim, Alaide Chieffo, Carlo Briguori, Eberhard Grube
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The need for prolonged aspirin and thienopyridine therapy and the risk of stent thrombosis (ST) remain as drawbacks associated with drug-eluting stents.A prospective observational cohort study was conducted between June 2002 and January 2004 on 3021 patients consecutively and successfully treated in 5389 lesions with drug-eluting stents. Detailed patient information was collected on antiplatelet therapy. We analyzed the incidence of ST throughout the 18-month follow-up period and its relationship with thienopyridine therapy. ST occurred in 58 patients (1.9%) at 18 months. Forty-two patients (1.4%) experienced the event within 6 months of stent implantation. Acute myocardial infarction (fatal or nonfatal) occurred in 46 patients (79%) and death in 23 patients (39%) with ST. The median interval from discontinuation of thienopyridine therapy to ST was 13.5 days (interquartile range 5.2 to 25.7 days) for the first 6 months and 90 days (interquartile range 30 to 365 days) between 6 and 18 months. On multivariable analysis, the strongest predictor for ST within 6 months of stenting was discontinuation of thienopyridine therapy (hazard ratio, 13.74; 95% CI, 4.04 to 46.68; P<0.001). Thienopyridine discontinuation after 6 months did not predict the occurrence of ST (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.30 to 2.98; P=0.92).Discontinuation of thienopyridine therapy was the major determinant of ST within the first 6 months, but insufficient information is available to determine whether there is benefit in continuing a thienopyridine beyond 6 months.