tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How do patients with HIV perceive their general practitioners?
Authors: M M Kochen, J C Hasford, H Jager, S Zippel, M L'age, C Rosendahl, H S Fuessl, D Eichenlaub
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To study the perceptions of patients with HIV of their general practitioners in terms of knowledge, abilities, confidence, and satisfaction.Questionnaire survey of inpatients, outpatients, and members of a self help group.Two city hospitals, three outpatient clinics, and one AIDS self help group in Munich and Berlin, Germany.All 402 patients available between 1 September 1988 and 31 May 1989.General practitioners' attitudes towards the patients' HIV status; patients' experience of treatment rejection; reception in the general practitioner's office; the doctor's perceived knowledge about HIV and AIDS.394 of 402 patients consented to interview; 87% were registered with a general practitioner and 91% of those indicated that the doctor was aware of their HIV diagnosis. The overwhelming majority of patients (94%) had a friendly or at least neutral reception in the general practitioner's surgery and only six patients' general practitioner changed his or her behaviour for the worse because of the HIV diagnosis. Two thirds of patients said they would consult first with their primary care doctor for a physical problem, but only 13% would do so for psychological problems. Over a third of the patients did not routinely inform other doctors or medical staff about their HIV status, but there was no significant correlation between this concealment and ever having been rejected by a doctor (7%) or a dentist (12%).Most patients expressed a high degree of satisfaction with their general practitioners in terms of confidential issues, attitudes, knowledge, and management.
Hallux Rigidus and Atrophy of Calf Muscles
Authors: Ronald J. Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Unilateral calf swelling is abnormal and a cardinal manifestation of deep-vein thrombosis. The finding of asymmetry of the circumference of the two calves may lead to an extensive and occasionally invasive workup to rule out this potential cause of pulmonary embolism. A 52-year-old woman who was being evaluated for nonspecific arthralgias noted that a recently purchased pair of knee-high boots was loose on one leg. Physical examination revealed a 2-cm difference in calf circumference at a point 15 cm below the insertion of patella, with no other abnormalities except for unilateral hallux rigidus on the smaller side. . . .
Calcification of the Congenitally Stenotic Pulmonary Valve
Authors: Robert E. Dinsmore, Charles A. Sanders, J. Warren Harthorne, W. Gerald Austen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

ALTHOUGH the discovery at autopsy of focal calcification in pulmonary valves of patients with congenital pulmonary stenosis is not rare1 demonstration of such calcification on roentgenograms of the chest has previously been reported in only 2 cases.2 , 3 Five patients with previously untreated congenital pulmonary-valve stenosis, each with roentgenographically visible pulmonary-valve calcification, have been seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital since January 1, 1957 (Table 1). In each case the diagnosis was subsequently confirmed at surgery or autopsy. Four of the patients had cardiac anomalies in addition to pulmonic stenosis.DiscussionThe youngest patient in our series was thirty-three years old; . . .
Safety of temporary discontinuation of oral anti-coagulation in pattents with ST.Jude prosthetic valves
Authors: Irvin F. Goldenberg, Mark Gordon, Donna Hunn, Wes Pedersen, Susanne K. Roeller, James D. Madison, Michael R. Mooney, Fredarick L. Gobel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
A Word of Caution Regarding a New Long-Acting Bronchodilator
Authors: Roger C. Bone
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Physicians in the United States will soon be provided with a new, selective, long-acting β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic aerosol, salmeterol xinafoate,<sup>1,2</sup>for the treatment of asthma. In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, D'Alonzo et al<sup>3</sup>show that salmeterol inhaled twice daily compared with albuterol inhaled four times daily provides more effective bronchodilation in patients requiring maintenance therapy. Additionally, there was no deterioration in asthma control with the use of salmeterol throughout a 3-month period. Other studies have reported similar results.<sup>4</sup>
ANTAGONISTIC GROWTH-ACTIVATING AND GROWTH-INHIBITING PRINCIPLES IN SERUM
Authors: Alexis Carrel, Albert H. Ebeling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

The substances precipitated by CO(2) from the serum of chickens 1 or 2 years old slightly increased the activity of pure cultures of a 10 year old strain of fibroblasts, an indication that a growth-promoting substance had been obtained from the serum. The rate of growth of fibroblasts was slower in serum deprived of its globulins and the increase of the inhibiting effect of the treated serum is thus manifested. It would appear that the inhibiting action of serum is referable to one or several growth-activating substances which precipitate by CO(2), and to one or several growth-retarding substances which remain in the supernatant serum after the precipitate has been thrown down by centrifugation. It may be concluded that, under the conditions of the experiments: 1. A substance enhancing the proliferative activity of homologous fibroblasts is precipitated from serum by CO(2). 2. The serum from which the precipitate has been removed inhibits the proliferation of homologous fibroblasts more markedly than does the original serum. The solution of the precipitate in the treated serum has about the same effect on fibroblasts as the original serum. 3. The restraining effect of serum on the activity of homologous fibroblasts is due in part to the antagonistic action of growth-activating and inhibiting substances.
Outside medicine. Gideon Algernon Mantell.
Authors: W E Swinton
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Gideon Mantell was primarily a doctor, practising his profession all his adult life.He was known to most of the leading scientists and medical men, and he was attended by distinguished colleagues during the painful last 11 years of his life.He was studious, industrious, and only moderately successful in his profession; he was unhappy in his private life; but his scientific studies earned him fame.None of this explains why he is mentioned in most encyclopaedias, and has more than a page in the D.N.B.His diary was edited and annotated by a doctor, Dr. E. Cecil Curwen', and is sometimes to be had today.His biography, by another doctor Dr
Hyperglycinemia. V. The Miscible Pool and Turnover Rate of Glycine and the Formation of Serine*
Authors: William L. Nyhan, Barton Childs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

Hyperglycinemia is a disorder of amino acid metabolism characterized by abnormal concentrations of glycine in the blood, urine, and cerebro- spinal fluid (1, 2).Prominent features of the disease have been mental retardation, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and osteoporosis with patho- logical fractures (1, 3).Recurrent episodes of ketosis and metabolic acidosis, progressing to coma, have constituted the earliest and most striking aspect of the disease (1, 3, 4).This study was designed to assess the turnover of glycine and pool size in a patient with hyper- glycinemia and in suitable control individuals by using glycine-2-H3.\Ve found that the miscible pool of glycine was considerably larger in the patient than in control children, and that the con- version of glycine to serine differed sufficiently in patient and controls to suggest the presence of a fundamental defect in this interconversion in hyperglycinemia.Methods Subjects.The patient with hyperglycinemia was the subject of the initial report (1).He was studied at ages 4 and 41 years, and on both occasions his weight was 14.5 kg and his height 98 cm.Control individuals were children with nonspecific mental retardation whose age, activity, and developmental level were similar to those of the patient (Table I).All were ambulatory except during the hour required for the experiment.Control children received a regular hospital diet.The patient received a special diet containing approximately 20 g of protein (3).Each subject received an intra- venous injection of 30 juc per kg of glycine-2-H' in 1 to 4 ml over a period of 1 to 2 minutes.Radiation dosage
Renal Scintigraphy Unraveled the Diagnostic Dilemma of Antenatal Hydronephrotic Solitary Kidney-Crossed Renal Ectopia
Authors: Ravi Sood, Minh Xuan Truong, Monica A. Rossleigh, Gad Kainer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

On antenatal ultrasound assessment, an apparently solitary hydronephrotic kidney was identified, confirmed on postnatal ultrasound examination. More detailed postnatal investigations revealed the diagnosis of crossed renal ectopia.
Correlation of Missed Doses of Enoxaparin With Increased Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Trauma and General Surgery Patients
Authors: Scott G. Louis, Misa Sato, Travis Geraci, Ross Anderson, S. David Cho, Philbert Y. Van, Jeffrey S. Barton, Gordon M. Riha, Samantha Underwood, Jerome Differding, Jennifer M. Watters, Martin A. Schreiber
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Enoxaparin sodium is widely used for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis, yet DVT rates remain high in the trauma and general surgery populations. Missed doses during hospitalization are common.To determine if missed doses of enoxaparin correlate with DVT formation.Data were prospectively collected among 202 trauma and general surgery patients admitted to a level I trauma center.Deep vein thrombosis screening was performed using a rigorous standardized protocol.The overall incidence of DVT was 15.8%. In total, 58.9% of patients missed at least 1 dose of enoxaparin. The DVTs occurred in 23.5% of patients who missed at least 1 dose and in 4.8% of patients who did not (P < .01). On univariate analysis, the need for mechanical ventilation (71.8% vs 44.1%), the performance of more than 1 operation (59.3% vs 40.0%), and male sex (75% vs 56%) were associated with DVT formation (P < .05 for all). A bivariate logistic regression was then performed, which revealed age 50 years or older and interrupted enoxaparin therapy as the only independent risk factors for DVT formation. The DVT rate did not differ between trauma and general surgery populations or in patients receiving once-daily vs twice-daily dosing regimens.Interrupted enoxaparin therapy and age 50 years or older are associated with DVT formation among trauma and general surgery patients. Missed doses occur commonly and are the only identified risk factor for DVT that can be ameliorated by physicians. Efforts to minimize interrupted enoxaparin prophylaxis in patients at risk for DVT should be optimized.
101 SVR4 AND SVR12 WITH AN INTERFERON-FREE REGIMEN OF BI201335 AND BI207127, +/- RIBAVIRIN, IN TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENOTYPE-1 HCV INFECTION: INTERIM RESULTS OF SOUND-C2
Authors: S. Zeuzem, V. Soriano, T. Asselah, J.-P. Bronowicki, A. Lohse, B. Müllhaupt, M. Schuchmann, M. Bourliere, M. Buti, S. Roberts, E. Gane, J.O. Stern, G. Kukolj, L. Dai, W.O. Böcher, F.J. Mensa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
α <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor Coupling With G <sub>h</sub> in the Failing Human Heart
Authors: Ki-Chul Hwang, Caroline D. Gray, Wendy E. Sweet, Christine S. Moravec, Mie-Jae Im
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background We recently demonstrated that G h , which transfers the signal from the α 1 -adrenergic receptor to the 69-kD phospholipase C, is the previously identified tissue-type transglutaminase (TGase II). The α 1 -adrenergic receptor mediates actions of the sympathetic nervous system, including cardiac, arteriolar, and smooth muscle contractions. In human cardiac tissue, the expression of the α 1 -adrenergic receptor is increased under pathophysiological conditions, but changes in the physiological response are small. Therefore, it has been suggested that the other components involved in the α 1 -adrenergic receptor–mediated signaling pathway are probably altered. Methods and Results Immunological and biochemical studies with nonfailing and failing human heart tissues revealed that the GTP-binding and TGase activities of human heart TGase II (hhGα h ) are downregulated in both ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathic human heart. In ischemic cardiomyopathy, the α 1 -adrenergic receptor number increased twofold (27.0 fmol/mg) compared with the nonfailing (12.8 fmol/mg) and the dilated cardiomyopathic (15.6 fmol/mg) heart tissues, but the coupling of hhGα h with the α 1 -adrenergic receptor did not increase. The intrinsic activity of hhGα h was greatly decreased in membrane fractions, whereas the cytosolic TGase activity was not changed. In the dilated cardiomyopathic human heart, these intrinsic enzyme activities of hhGα h were also downregulated in the membrane fraction, whereas the amount of hhGα h protein was greatly increased (2.8-fold) compared with the nonfailing heart. Conclusions The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that the α 1 -adrenergic receptor in human heart couples with G h (TGase II) and indicate that downregulation of hhGα h activity is associated with human cardiac failure but that the mechanism differs between ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathies.
Demonstration of pepsinogen C in human pancreatic islets.
Authors: P B Szecsi, H Halgreen, S S Poulsen, C K Axelsson, M Damkjaer-Nielsen, T Kjaer, B Foltmann
Journal: Gut (1987)

Pancreatic tissue from 16 post mortem kidney donors have been examined for the content of pepsinogens. A zymogen with electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric point and molecular weight equal to that of pepsinogen C of gastric origin was found in all specimens. A comparison between pepsinogen C extracted from pancreatic tissue and gastric mucosa demonstrated immunological identity. Quantitative measurements with a radioimmunoassay showed pepsinogen C concentrations in pancreatic tissue three to 80 times higher than those of blood serum. Immunohistochemical staining gave positive reaction for pepsinogen C only in the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets.
Shock and Hypotension: Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: Paul F. Cranefield
Journal: JAMA (1966)

That a book on shock should be large and depressing is not a criticism of the book but a statement about shock. For few if any of the questions which arise in connection with shock can any answers be obtained capable of gaining general assent.  We find a multitude of conditions lumped together under the name  we find many conflicting theories as to the cause of shock; and we find many conflicting theories as to how it may best be treated. The present book makes a valiant effort to cover the field and it places at the disposal of the reader a great deal of current information and opinion on the subject, with special emphasis on hemorrhagic shock. There are also sections on endotoxic shock, cardiogenic shock, and shock of various other etiologies. Since the subject is so vast, the average article in this book is less than eight
Infectious Diseases: A Modern Treatise of Infectious Processes
Authors: Leslie Barton
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The second edition of Dr Hoeprich's treatise<i>Infectious Diseases</i>is a monumental tribute to both the editor and his specialty. The depth of the book, written by 97 infectious disease experts, and the breadth, encompassing 163 chapters grouped in 23 sections, are self-evident. Section 1 contains a general description of microorganisms and the host's response to infections. The chapter on nosocomial infections is a timely addition to this second edition: the Center for Disease Control estimates almost 2 million hospital-acquired infections per year in the United States. The chapters in section 2 outline laboratory examinations ranging from microscopy to antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Section 3 is appropriately devoted to the prophylaxis of infectious diseases. The remaining sections deal with infectious diseases grouped according to their organ system of major involvement, ranging from respiratory to renal, venereal, neural, and skeletal infections. If the reader has difficulty in classifying a particular disease (eg,
Oxygen at physiological concentrations. A potential, paradoxical mediator of reperfusion injury to mitochondria induced by phosphate.
Authors: L G Lange, M Hartman, B E Sobel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Cellular injury induced by reperfusion after myocardial ischemia is manifested by striking mitochondrial damage as well as other hallmarks such as contraction band necrosis. Calcium has been implicated as a mediator of irreversible cellular injury in several systems. To identify other potential mediators of the mitochondrial injury associated with reperfusion, interactions between inorganic phosphate, oxygen, and mitochondria harvested from rabbit hearts were evaluated in vitro. Mitochondria exhibited rapid inactivation of oxidative phosphorylation after preincubation at 25 degrees C when phosphate and oxygen were present. Inactivation was partially but not completely precluded by EDTA, EGTA, magnesium, diltiazem, or ruthenium red, results in concert with findings of others suggesting involvement of a deleterious influx of calcium into mitochondria; exogenous calcium enhanced inactivation. However, the present data indicate that inactivation is prevented by incubation of mitochondria in the absence of oxygen, and demonstrate for the first time that injury elicited by phosphate is dependent on oxygen at physiological concentrations either because calcium and/or phosphate influx is linked to aerobic metabolism or because oxygen exerts deleterious effects on mitochondria, which may render them particularly susceptible to calcium influx. Since intracellular inorganic phosphate concentration increases markedly with ischemia, reperfusion with oxygenated medium may paradoxically augment mitochondrial injury in this setting. Thus, in the presence of increased intracellular concentrations of calcium and phosphate induced by ischemia, subsequent reestablishment of physiological levels of intracellular oxygen tension may promote mitochondrial damage, which is known to increase with reperfusion.
Complexity of Lectin‐Mediated Reactions in Bacteria‐Induced Histamine Release
Authors: C. Jensen, P. Stahl Skov, S. Norn, F. Espersen, T. C. Bøg‐Hansen, A. Lihme
Journal: Allergy (1984)

We have earlier suggested that bacteria‐induced histamine release is caused by different mechanisms, including allergic and non‐immunological mechanisms, and that the latter probably depends on lectin‐mediated reactions. Two possibilities of lectin‐mediated reactions were examined in this study, bacterial surface lectins bind to sugars on the basophil cell membrane leading to histamine release, and the reverse reaction where bacterial aminosugars react with lectins on the basophil cell surface. In the bacterial histamine release caused by the Staph. aureus strain Wood 46 it was possible to demonstrate a reverse reaction, but not a bacterial lectin‐mediated reaction. The reaction seems to be complex, as lower concentrations of sugars might potentiate the release of histamine by binding to the target cell or bacteria, while the release is inhibited by higher concentrations.
Predictability of Weight Loss
Authors: Walter M. Bortz
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Weight loss is a process that is susceptible to logical and reasonably precise explanation. Consideration of caloric need and caloric supply indicates the weight balance. Any caloric deficit implies weight loss which will occur at the rate decreed by the caloric value (3,500 calories) of a pound of body fat. Whenever this caloric deficit is reached, the body will be one pound lighter, with respect to body fat. When these concepts are used, weight loss becomes predictable. Such predictability offers multiple advantages to the clinician who is preparing a weight reduction program for his obese patient.
Clinical Significance of Anticholinergic Effects of Imipramine-Like Drugs
Authors: GEORGE E. VAILLANT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

The author compared the antimuscarinic effects on pigeon behavior of amitriptyline, imipramine, and desmethylimipramine (DMI), as well as several other drugs. The results, which did not support the hypothesis that discrete cholinergic mechanisms play an important role in endogenous depression, suggest that DMI may be the antidepressant of choice when the physician wants to minimize atropine-like side effects, while amitriptyline may be chosen when a sedative effect is desired.
Effect of Potassium Supplements on the Exchangeable Potassium in Chronic Heart Disease
Authors: R. J. White
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A study of the effect of additional oral potassium on the low body potassium of seven patients with severe valvular heart disease showed that the potassium supplements were retained. After one month's treatment the exchangeable potassium was significantly increased, but the predicted value was not reached in any of the patients. There was no significant change in plasma potassium. These results suggest that it is of benefit to increase the dose of oral potassium for at least one month preoperatively in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
POLLEN STUDIES IN SELECTED AREAS
Authors: O. C. DURHAM
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The geographic aspect of fall hay fever in America was noticed long before the role of pollen was established by Blackley 1 in 1873. Daniel Webster, who suffered with ragweed hay fever for twenty years, was symptom free during a season (1839) spent in Scotland. Rev. Henry Ward Beecher found relief in the Catskill Mountains. For more than eighty years, ragweed sensitive persons living in the New England states have fled annually to the White Mountains in New Hampshire. In 1872 Wyman 2 reported favorably on upper Maine, the entire area west of the Mississippi River and most of the area south of Virginia, as being free from fall hay fever. In 1875 Judge Gary commented favorably on Mackinac, Mich., and unfavorably on Marquette, Mich. 3 Local and national organizations have for many years sought by extensive trial and considerable error to list localities favorable for ragweed sensitive persons. Often