tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nickel dermatitis: the reaction to oral nickel challenge
Authors: D.J. GAWKRODGER, S.W. COOK, G.S. FELL, J.A.A. HUNTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Nickel dermatitis: the reaction to oral nickel challenge Get access D.J. GAWKRODGER, D.J. GAWKRODGER Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh Dr D.J.Gawkrodger, Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.W. COOK, S.W. COOK Department of Pathological Biochemistry, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.S. FELL, G.S. FELL Department of Pathological Biochemistry, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A.A. HUNTER J.A.A. HUNTER Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue 1, 1 July 1986, Pages 33–38, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb06217.x Published: 01 July 1986 Article history Accepted: 11 December 1985 Published: 01 July 1986
Hyposplenism: Comparison of different methods for determining splenic function
Authors: A.J. Jolanda Lammers, Alexander P.N.A. de Porto, Roelof J. Bennink, Ester M.M. van Leeuwen, Bart J. Biemond, J. Carel Goslings, Jan van Marle, Ineke J.M. ten Berge, Peter Speelman, Joost B.L. Hoekstra
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract Asplenic patients are at risk for pneumococcal sepsis. Patients with hyposplenic function, such as associated with sickle cell disease (SCD), are also at risk. However, tests to assess splenic function are either unavailable or lacking standardization. The aim of this study was to compare different methods for determining splenic function. Eighteen patients with SCD (i.e., 10 heterozygous (SC) and 8 homozygous (SS) SCD patients), and eight splenectomized patients were compared to 10 controls. All subjects underwent spleen scintigraphy, after which functional splenic volumes (FSV) were calculated. FSV was compared to immunological function and B cell‐subsets, as well as phagocytic function represented by the presence of Howell Jolly bodies (HJB) and percentages of pitted red cells (PIT). Heterozygous SCD (SC) patients had increased splenic volumes, but diminished FSV, homozygous SCD (SS) patients were asplenic. Splenectomized and SS patients had a strongly reduced phagocytic and immunological function. SC patients had reduced anti‐polysaccharide responses without an increase in PIT. FSV correlated significantly with phagocytic and immunological function. HJB were indicative of splenic dysfunction, HJB absence was not indicative of normal functioning splenic tissue. Although visualizing HJB is methodologically advantageous to PIT, both are valid biomarkers of splenic dysfunction. The amount of non‐switched memory B cells is strongly correlated to FSV. Am. J. Hematol. 87:484–489, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hemolysis from Heroin Injected Intravenously
Authors: Victor A. Medrano
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A number of medical complications of drug addiction have been described.<sup>1,2</sup>However, acute intravascular hemolysis presumably secondary to the substance (s) used to dilute the heroin has not been reported to our knowledge. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 24-year-old Negro had injected heroin into himself four hours prior to admission to Harbor General Hospital. At another hospital, where he was in a comatose state with pinpoint pupils, he had been given 15 mg of nalorphine, 5% dextrose in water, and oxygen. The patient was still comatose upon arrival. He had contusions about his face and multiple injection punctures on the right antecubital and forearm areas. His blood pressure was 90/70 mm Hg; pulse rate, 120 beats per minute; temperature per rectum, 38 C (100.4 F); and respirations 24 per minute. Physical examination revealed equal pupils with a diameter of 2 mm and normal fundi. There were
Misleading Features of Benign Spinal Cord Tumors
Authors: George B. Udvarhelyi
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Three patients with the clinical features of extramedullary compression of the spinal cord due to meningioma and neurinoma all presented with an incomplete Brown-Séquard syndrome. A striking improvement in gait occurred postoperatively in all three patients. The erroneous diagnosis in one patient was posterolateral sclerosis; in another it was rheumatoid arthritis; and in the third, Parkinson's disease and peripheral neuritis. In these cases, the correct diagnosis was made by careful attention to the neurological findings. In view of the exceptionally good prognosis following surgery in extramedullary tumors of this type, it is imperative that this diagnosis should be seriously considered in all patients with a history of progressive difficulty in walking. The importance of visualizing the entire spinal canal while performing myelographic studies is stressed.
Proposed Call for Scientific Data on Inflatable Penile Implants
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Behavioral Equipoise: A Way to Resolve Ethical Stalemates in Clinical Research
Authors: Peter A. Ubel, Robert Silbergleit
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Randomized trials depend on clinicians feeling that they are morally justified in allowing their patients to be randomized across treatment arms. Typically such justification rides on what has been called "clinical equipoise"--when there is disagreement of opinion among the community of experts about whether one treatment is better than another, then physicians can ethically enter their patients into a clinical trial, even if individual physicians are not at equipoise. Recent debates over prominent studies, however, illustrate that controversy can be easily created rather than dispelled by trials, with many clinicians choosing not to use the proven therapy until they receive more convincing evidence of its superiority. In such situations, we propose that a new standard of equipoise be used to guide decisions about the ethical justifications for research trials--a standard of behavioral equipoise. Under behavioral equipoise, a trial is potentially justifiable if it addresses behavioral resistance to prior scientific evidence.
Time-action Studies and Clinical Trial of Actrapid and Crystal II Novo Insulins
Authors: B. F. Clarke, J. F. Munro, L. J. P. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1965)

<b>Introduction:</b> Alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency(AATD) is an underdiagnosed condition despite the initiatives to increase the awareness <b>Methods:</b> Population-based study with data from the Information System for Development in Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) database that contains information of 5.8 million people. We collected the number and values of AAT determinations performed in Primary Care in two periods(2007-08;2010-11), and described the characteristics of the tested individuals and the management of the subjects with deficient values(AAT&lt;100 mg/dl). <b>Results:</b> During these 2 periods,12409 determinations were performed(10.8% in children), with no significant differences between years. Mean age was 52.6(16.3) years in adults and 4.6(SD=4.1) in children. Up to 28.9% of adults and 29.4% of children had a previous diagnosis of a disease related to AATD (in adults:COPD 13.7%, liver disease 8.4%, in children:asthma 22.3%, liver disease 0.5%).In total, 663(5.3%) individuals had an intermediate AAT deficiency(50-100 mg/dl), and 24(0.2%) had a severe deficiency(&lt;50 mg/dl, 2 children). Nine(41%) of the adults with severe deficiency had a previous diagnosis of COPD and 4 were diagnosed of COPD in the 6 months after the test. During the 6 month follow-up, 2 patients with severe deficiency had a spirometry performed and were diagnosed of COPD.Only 3 patients(12.5%) were referred to a pneumologist. <b>Conclusion:</b> The number of AAT determinations in Primary Care is low and it has not increased. AAT is requested 10 times more in adults and the reason to perform the test is not always clear. After the determination, not all detected severe AATD patients are referred to a specialist. Funded by an unrestricted grant by Grifols,FUCAP and SEPAR.
The Medical Communication Pathway
Authors: Bradley E. Copeland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The Medical Communication Pathway is a complex system of information producers whose product is focused on the physician at the bedside and the individual patient. The physician at the patient's bedside uses this information to make decisions based upon the information collected for him as well as upon the information that he collects himself.The Medical Communication Pathway includes such diverse problems as how to improve illegible handwritten progress notes, how to develop a physician-oriented chemical nomenclature,1 how to edit medical journals and textbooks, how to present medical laboratory data and many others.In the Massachusetts Medical Society section of . . .
Systematic Review of Blinding Assessment in Randomized Controlled Trials in Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders 2000-2010
Authors: Christopher Baethge, Oliver P. Assall, Ross J. Baldessarini
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2013)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Blinding is an integral part of many randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, both blinding and blinding assessment seem to be rarely documented in trial reports. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Systematic review of articles on RCTs in schizophrenia and affective disorders research during 2000-2010. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Among 2,467 publications, 61 (2.5%; 95% confidence interval: 1.9-3.1%) reported assessing participant, rater, or clinician blinding: 5/672 reports on schizophrenia (0.7%; 0.3-1.6%) and 33/1,079 (3.1%; 2.1-4.2%) on affective disorders, without significant trends across the decade. Rarely was blinding assessed at the beginning, in most studies assessment was at the end. Proportion of patients' and raters' correct guesses of study arm averaged 54.4 and 62.0% per study, with slightly more correct guesses in treatment arms than in placebo arms. Three fourths of responders correctly guessed that they received the active agent. Blinding assessment was more frequently reported in papers on psychotherapy and brain stimulation than on drug trials (5.1%, 1.7-11.9%, vs. 8.3%, 4.3-14.4%, vs. 2.1%, 1.5-2.8%). Lack of assessment of blinding was associated with: (a) positive findings, (b) full industrial sponsorship, and (c) diagnosis of schizophrenia. There was a moderate association of treatment success and blinding status of both trial participants (r = 0.51, p = 0.002) and raters (r = 0.55, p = 0.067). Many RCT reports did not meet CONSORT standards regarding documentation of persons blinded (60%) or of efforts to match interventions (50%). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Recent treatment trials in major psychiatric disorders rarely reported on or evaluated blinding. We recommend routine documentation of blinding strategies in reports.
Hepatitis C virus-specific reactivity of CD4+-lymphocytes in children born from HCV-infected women
Authors: Silvia Della Bella, Antonio Riva, Elisabetta Tanzi, Stefania Nicola, Antonella Amendola, Laura Vecchi, Gabriella Nebbia, Renato Longhi, Alessandro R. Zanetti, Maria L. Villa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATION OF EPICARDIAL AND PERICARDIAL FAT ACUTELY AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Eiichi Hyodo, Kenei Shimada, Toshio Saito, Toshiki Fujiwara, Koichi Tamita, Atsushi Yamamuro, Takashi Muro, Minoru Yoshiyama, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Lessons From Cat Virus
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
β-catenin–sensitive isoforms of lymphoid enhancer factor-1 are selectively expressed in colon cancer
Authors: Karine Hovanes, Tony W.H. Li, Jesus E. Munguia, Trung Truong, Tatjana Milovanovic, J. Lawrence Marsh, Randall F. Holcombe, Marian L. Waterman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Role of interleukin 15 and interleukin 18 in inflammatory response
Authors: F Y Liew, I B McInnes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Interleukin 15 (IL15) and interleukin 18 (IL18) are cytokines produced principally by macrophages during innate immune response and subsequently profoundly influence adaptive immunity. Recent studies have shown that IL15 and IL18 play an influential part in inflammatory response. Here we present recent data mainly from our own laboratories illustrating the importance of IL15 and IL18 in the induction and perpetuation of chronic inflammation during experimental and clinical rheumatoid synovitis.
Aminoguanidine selectively decreases cyclic GMP levels produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase.
Authors: M J Griffiths, M Messent, N P Curzen, T W Evans
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) following induction of NO synthase in vascular smooth muscle by endotoxin and certain cytokines contributes to the vasodilation and hyporesponsiveness to vasopressors that characterize the septic circulation. Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) mediates the effects of NO in vascular smooth muscle. Vessels from animals treated with endotoxin have elevated cGMP levels compared with control animals. Aminoguanidine has been proposed as a selective inhibitor of the inducible form of NO synthase. This study compares the effects of aminoguanidine on phenylephrine-induced contractions and cGMP levels in thoracic aortic rings from endotoxin treated (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) with sham-treated (1 ml saline intraperitoneally) rats. Endotoxin-treatment depressed phenylephrine-induced contraction and raised tissue levels of cGMP. Aminoguanidine (100 microM and 1 mM) increased phenylephrine-induced tension and decreased cGMP levels in a dose-dependent manner in intact and endothelium-denuded aortas from endotoxin-treated rats but had no effect on vessels from sham-treated rats. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that endotoxin treatment causes increased vascular production of endothelium-independent NO, which is associated with a diminished response to vasoconstrictors. Aminoguanidine decreases indices of NO production only after endotoxin treatment, providing further evidence that it is a selective inhibitor of inducible NO synthase.
Therapeutic interventions for fructose-induced fatty liver disease are premature
Authors: John S. White
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

In their recent article, Vos and McClain1 paint a grim picture of dietary fructose, likening its effect to alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury and thereby "defining targets for therapeutic interventions." The case for such interventions is unsupported, built as it is on inappropriate extrapolation of highly exaggerated diets to the human condition, and decidedly premature for two reasons. First, fructose has not been shown to promote untoward metabolic effects at typical human exposures (9% of calories), but rather only under extreme levels exceeding 25% of calories in humans and 30%-60% or more of calories in rodents (see references 1, 5, 7, 8 in Vos and McClain1). Indeed, a recent review by Dolan et al.2 concluded that fructose does not cause relevant changes in triglycerides or body weight in humans even approaching 95th percentile intake levels (17%-18% of calories).3 Second, Vos and McClain ignore the realities of fructose intake in the human diet. Although they accurately report that major dietary sources are added sugars like sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, honey, and fruit juice concentrates, they fail to acknowledge that these added sugars all contain essentially equal amounts of fructose and glucose. Thus, another eccentricity of the experimental diets cited by the authors in support of a fructose effect is the comparison of pure fructose against pure glucose, a circumstance so rarely encountered in the human experience that such experiments cannot be used to predict human outcomes. Absent substantive proof that fructose causes metabolic upsets at typical (or even 95th percentile) exposures and in typical mixed-carbohydrate meals, it is premature of Vos and McClain to conclude that therapeutic interventions are needed. And the authors are surely guilty of hyperbole and alarmism by titling their article, "Fructose Takes a Toll." John S. White Ph.D.*, * White Technical Research, Argenta, IL.
Revenge and forgiveness in the New South Africa
Authors: Dan Joseph Stein, Jack van Honk, George Ellis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Insofar as South Africa underwent a rapid transformation from apartheid to democracy, it may provide a unique laboratory for investigating aspects of revenge and forgiveness. Here we suggest that observations and data from South Africa are partially consistent with the hypotheses generated by MCullough and colleagues. At the same time, the rich range of revenge and forgiveness phenomena in real-life settings is likely to require explanatory concepts other than specialized modules and their computational outputs.
Post-marketing studies can make important contributions to medical knowledge
Authors: M. C. Michel
Journal: BMJ (2012)

My experience in collaborating with various drug companies in the design, execution, analysis, and publication of post-marketing surveillance (PMS) studies differs greatly from that described in your recent article.1 The general consensus was that PMS studies serve a scientific purpose. Studies typically had predefined scientific questions and were powered to answer them. Some studies had been recommended by the regulatory authorities, such …
The anti‐CD14 antibody IC14 suppresses ex vivo endotoxin stimulated tumor necrosis factor‐alpha in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Sabine Genth‐Zotz, Stephan von Haehling, Aidan P. Bolger, Paul R. Kalra, Roland Wensel, Andrew J.S. Coats, Hans‐Dieter Volk, Stefan D. Anker
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
The impact of quitting smoking on symptoms of chronic bronchitis: results of the Scottish Heart Health Study.
Authors: C A Brown, I K Crombie, W C Smith, H Tunstall-Pedoe
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Scotland has high rates of death from diseases of the respiratory system and high rates of smoking, especially among women. Data on self reported smoking and prevalence of chronic cough and chronic phlegm among 10,359 men and women aged 40-59 years were obtained from the Scottish Heart Health Study. Overall, current cigarette smokers had rates of chronic cough and chronic phlegm four to five times those of never smokers after standardisation for age (32.3% v 6.5% for men and 24% v 5.5% for women for chronic cough; 31% v 8.3% for men and 21% v 5.5% for women for chronic phlegm). Ex-smokers9 symptom rates were a little above those of never smokers and were significant for chronic cough among women and chronic phlegm among men. Men had higher symptom rates than women and this was true for smokers, ex-smokers, and never smokers. The higher rates among men could not be explained by higher cotinine concentrations. Tests to detect "deceivers" among ex-smokers and never smokers using biochemical validation suggested that 87 (1.5%) respondents were in fact smoking; they were excluded from analyses. There were substantially lower rates of chronic cough and chronic phlegm within a year of stopping smoking, and two to four years after stopping 89-99% of the difference between current smokers and never smokers was accounted for (99% and 93% for men and women with chronic cough, 96% and 89% for men and women with chronic phlegm). Even 10 years after stopping, rates of symptoms among ex-smokers remained a little above those of never smokers (except for women with chronic phlegm), though these differences were not statistically significant. Former heavy smokers continued to have rates of chronic cough and chronic phlegm that were higher than those of former light and moderate smokers (though not significantly so). These are cross sectional data, but they emphasise the importance for chronic bronchitis symptoms of giving up cigarette smoking, though the amount previously smoked continues to exert a small influence.
Bilateral Pulmonary Resection for Metastatic Hepatoma
Authors: G. Hugh Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1965)

SINCE 1938, when Churchill and Barney 1 reported the successful resection of a metastatic lung lesion originating from a renal cell carcinoma, the presence of lung metastases from certain primary lesions is no longer considered an absolute contraindication to pulmonary resection. The patient they reported subsequently survived 24 years, and died of a myocardial infarction. Recognition that resection of pulmonary metastases could be done with a subsequent cure rate similar to that observed following resection for bronchogenic carcinoma has led to further evaluation of the feasibility of resection of pulmonary metastases.  Thirteen patients have undergone pulmonary resection for metastatic tumor at the Virginia Mason Hospital since 1949. One patient initially operated on in 1954 is of sufficient interest to warrant a case report.  Report of a Case  A 28-year-old secretary, during a routine postpartum examination in March 1954, was found to have a firm, mobile, abdominal mass, 10 × 12