tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preliminary proteomics analysis for sepsis biomarkers with iTRAQ labeling and LC-MS/MS
Authors: Longxiang Su, Ruo Zhou, Lichao Cao, Kun Xiao, Bo Wen, Lixin Xie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction  Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in ICU, which need to be diagnosed and treated as quickly as possible. However, there remains no effective biomarkers satisfied in clinical practice.  Objectives  To screen potential sepsis biomarkers for diagnosis making, severity assessment, and outcome prediction.  Methods  Serum potential biomarkers were identified using iTRAQ coupled with LC-MS/MS. The database search against the International Protein Index was performed with Mascot software. Bioinformatics analyses were dissected by ANOVA analysis, protein expression profiles, principal component analysis, proteins network construction.  Results  This study involved 27 healthy control, 17 SIRS without infection, 18 diagnosed with sepsis, and 17 as severe sepsis, and 30 sepsis patients within 48 h before death. A total of 214 proteins were identified through three replicates and fold change>1.2. 52 proteins had significant tendency in expression profiles (P Conclusion  Three identified proteins, HPX, VIM, and HSP90Aa1, provide new insight into the study of sepsis biomarker, which maybe potential markers in the future.
Tracking clinical trial accrual strategies and barriers via a Web-based screening tool
Authors: S. S. Grubbs, M. Gonzalez, M. Krasna, R. Siegel, D. Bryant, L. Tschetter, L. Hayenga, B. Duggan, D. St. Germaine, A. Denicoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

6586 Background: The National Cancer Institute Community Cancer Centers Program (NCCCP) has developed a web based tracking tool to monitor screening of patients for clinical trial participation. The system is designed to collect data from multiple research sites throughout the geographically diverse group. The log blindly collects patient demographics, successful trial entry, and reasons for trial enrollment failure. Methods: Seven NCCCP sites utilized the log during the 60 day open accrual period for the Wake Forrest WFU 07–02–03 cancer control trial (chronic lymphocytic leukemia COLD- fX) in Novermber 2008 and December 2008. Results: 327 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients were screened mostly by chart review. 162 (50%) were eligible for study entry. 45 (14%) entered the trial. 103 (31%) eligible patients declined entry. Of the 103, 72 (70%) did not wish to participate in research, 15 (15%) had travel constraints, 5 (5%) perceived excess toxicity, 9 (9%) gave no reason. 14 (3%) eligible had their physician decline entry. Overall, 28% of eligible patients entered the trial. 165 (50%) were trial ineligible. 82 (50%) for prior therapy, 30 (18%) for co morbid conditions, 10 (6%) missed an entry time requirement, 39 (24%) have incomplete data. Conclusions: The NCCCP trial screening log successfully captures real time clinical trial participation data from a diverse network of clinical trial sites. This data base will allow future analysis of individual clinical trial and site accrual barriers and empower strategies to increase trial participation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Phase II trial of paclitaxel and carboplatin in the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma.
Authors: B G Redman, D C Smith, L Flaherty, W Du, M Hussain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE Both paclitaxel and carboplatin have single-agent activity against carcinoma of the urothelium. We evaluated the combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin in the treatment of advanced cancers of the urothelium. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with cancers of the urothelium who had no prior chemotherapy (prior adjuvant chemotherapy &gt; 6 months allowed) were eligible for treatment. Eligibility requirements were performance status of 2 or less, creatinine level less than 2.0 mg/dL, granulocyte count (AGC) 1,500/microL or greater, platelet count 100,000/microL or greater, and total bilirubin level less than 1.5 mg/dL. Paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 followed by carboplatin (area under the curve [AUC] 5, Calvert formula) were administered every 21 days. Patients were evaluated for toxicity weekly and assessed for response every 6 weeks. RESULTS Thirty-six patients were entered onto the study and 35 patients were assessable for response. A total of 184 cycles were administered (median, six cycles per patient). Nine patients required one dose reduction, and seven patients required two dose reductions for a nadir AGC less than 500/microL, with only one episode of febrile neutropenia and sepsis. Myalgias and arthralgias of grades 1 to 2 occurred in 16 patients and usually lasted 2 to 3 days after treatment. There were no treatment delays because of toxicity. There were 18 responses; seven complete responses (CRs) and 11 partial responses (PRs) (response rate 51.5%; 95% confidence interval, 35 to 68). Median response durations for CR and PR were 6 and 4 months, respectively. Overall median survival was 9.5 months. CONCLUSION The combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin is an active and well-tolerated regimen for the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Because of the modest toxicity of this combination, paclitaxel and carboplatin should be considered for addition to other agents with activity in urothelial carcinomas.
Concordance between the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) and polysomnography (PSG) in children with probable sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS)
Authors: José Luis Fernández Sánchez, Amparo Rosa Sánchez Sarrano, Paola Gudiel Arriaza, Sergio Cadenas Menéndez, Susana Carmen García Vicente, Juan Márquez Márquez, Mateo Torrachi Carrasco, Irene Alaejos Pascual, María José Bernabé Barrios
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Sleep questionnaires have been validated as useful instruments for patient screening and as a complement for clinical evaluation when a sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) is suspected. The PSQ has two versions, an abbreviated form that has been validated for the detection of SRBD, and a complete version for a global valuation of sleep disorders. A cut line was set at 33% of the item scale for the screening determination, with a sensibility and specificity of 0.85 and 0.87, respectively.   Material and methods:  62 patients in pediatric age were gathered consecutively, 53% were male with a mean age of 5.15 years old (± 3.05) to whom a conventional polysomnography (PSG) was performed because of a probable diagnosis of SAHS. The 24 items of the PSQ (validated Spanish version for SRBD) were completed at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic. Data was compared with the following variables obtained with the PSG recording: apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), mean oxygen saturation, minimal oxygen saturation and the time of sleep with an SpO 2  lower than 90% (CT 90).   Results:  A correlation did not exist between data determinations of the PSQ with the variables obtained by the PSG (AHI, CT90, ODI, mean SpO 2 , min SpO 2 ) (Adjusted R square 0.06), neither with sex nor age. Although, a good correlation index was obtained between the PSG parameters among themselves (R: 0.60-0.9, p: 0.001).   Conclusions:   In our experience, the PSQ scores do not correlate with the parameters obtained by PSG.  In our population sample, the result of the PSQ is not useful for screening patients when a sleep apnea syndrome is suspected in the pediatric age.
Factors Affecting the Use of Palliative Radiotherapy in Ontario
Authors: J. Huang, S. Zhou, P. Groome, S. Tyldesley, J. Zhang-Solomans, W. J. Mackillop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

To describe the use of palliative radiotherapy (PRT) and to identify factors associated with the use of PRT.The Ontario Cancer Registry was used to identify 193,253 adult patients who died of cancer between 1986 and 1995. Radiotherapy records from all Ontario cancer centers and the data on socioeconomic status (SES) from the Canadian Census were linked to the Ontario Cancer Registry data. The proportion of cases who received at least one course of PRT at any time within 2 years of death (PRT(2Y)) was used as a primary measure of the use rate of PRT.Overall, 26.4% of cases underwent at least one course of PRT. PRT(2Y) remained relatively constant over the study period. PRT(2Y) was disease-specific and ranged from 4% for pancreatic cancer to 41% for prostate cancer. Age was negatively associated with PRT(2Y) (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.5 for the youngest group), and SES was positively associated with PRT(2Y) (adjusted OR, 1.2 for patients from wealthy communities). Patients who were initially diagnosed in a hospital affiliated with a cancer center (adjusted OR, 1.4) or who lived in a county in which a cancer center is located (adjusted OR, 1.2), or who resided in certain regions (adjusted OR, 1.20 for Hamilton and 1.17 for Kingston), were more likely to be treated with PRT.The use of PRT varied across the dispersed population in Ontario and was influenced by factors unrelated to the patient's needs. An effort should be made to reduce barriers to access for disadvantaged groups.
Transient graft hypertrophy following full-thickness skin graft
Authors: S. Rajpara, A. Affleck, S. Varma
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, We wish to highlight a rare complication of a full‐thickness skin graft (FTSG) on the nose. We believe this to be a gross example of transient graft hypertrophy. Intervention was considered; however, the striking bulky appearance resolved spontaneously over 1 month. An 80‐year‐old man underwent Mohs micrographic surgery to a squamous cell carcinoma on the right nasal tip and was clear after two stages. The wound size was 1 cm2 and the wound bed was composed of fibrofatty tissue and perichondrium in small part. The patient was a nonsmoker and was not taking warfarin or aspirin. Several reconstructive options were considered including a local flap, e.g. rotation, bilobe transposition, a paramedian interpolated forehead flap and an FTSG which was deemed the best possible option, with preauricular skin chosen as the most suitable donor site. Telfa® (Covidien Kendall, Mansfield, MA, U.S.A.) was used as a template and an FTSG of the same size as the defect was harvested. The graft was defatted and was placed on the moist wound bed and secured in place with 5.0 Ethilon® (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, U.S.A.) nonabsorbable sutures peripherally and two anchoring sutures inserted centrally. A tie‐over bolster of cotton gauze soaked in Vaseline® (Unilever, Walton‐on‐Thames, U.K.) was used. The bolster was removed at 7 days along with sutures. At 7 days, the FTSG was pink with excellent contour and texture match. The patient returned unexpectedly after 4 weeks with a 10‐day history of elevation of the graft. No clot or fluid could be evacuated. The graft continued to thicken and became elevated, resembling a lump of dried‐out chewing gum 2 weeks later (Fig. 1a). Removal and replacement of the graft was considered but as the patient was due to go on holiday he preferred no intervention. We advised the patient to massage the graft daily for about 5 min with Vaseline®. Gradually the FTSG flattened spontaneously over 4 weeks with an excellent long‐term aesthetic result (Fig. 1b).
Morphogenesis and Growth Potentiality of Mammary Glands in Mice. II. Quarantive Transplantation of Mammary Glands of Normal male Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Kazumasa Hoshino
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

A new technique, “quantitative transplantation” of mammary glands in mice, is described in detail. Fifteen of 22 accurately located and measured segments of mammary gland from a 130-day-old hybrid male donor mouse (CBA × C57BL) were transplanted into the fourth mammary gland-free fat pads of 11 virgin female CBA × C57BL mice that subsequently mated and were observed through pregnancy. Fifteen of the transplanted mammary gland segments from a male donor regenerated fully developed mammary glands and lactated. They were indistinguishable, both macroscopically and microscopically, from the hosts' intact mammary glands at parturition. The mammary glands of the male mouse are similar to those of females in their growth potentiality and capability of initiation of lactation.
Role of Ambulatory and Home Blood Pressure Monitoring in Clinical Practice
Authors: Daichi Shimbo, Marwah Abdalla, Louise Falzon, Raymond R. Townsend, Paul Muntner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Hypertension, a common risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is usually diagnosed and treated based on blood pressure readings obtained in the clinic setting. Blood pressure may differ considerably when measured inside versus outside of the clinic setting. Over the past several decades, evidence has accumulated on the following 2 approaches for measuring blood pressure outside of the clinic: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM). Both of these methods have a stronger association with cardiovascular disease outcomes than clinic blood pressure measurement. Controversy exists about whether ABPM or HBPM is superior for estimating risk for cardiovascular disease and under what circumstances these methods should be used in clinical practice for assessing blood pressure outside of the clinic. This review describes ABPM and HBPM procedures, the blood pressure phenotypic measurements that can be ascertained, and the evidence that supports the use of each approach to measuring blood pressure outside of the clinic. It also describes barriers to the successful implementation of ABPM and HBPM in clinical practice, proposes core competencies for the conduct of these procedures, and highlights important areas for future research.
The limits of pressure sore prevention
Authors: Satsue Hagisawa, Joseph Barbenel
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1999)

Pressure sore prevalence and incidence were assessed in 275 patients who were admitted to a well-staffed internal medicine ward during a 12-month study period or who were present on day 1. Pressure sore risk was assessed by use of the Braden scale and patients scoring 16 or less were provided with intensive preventive care. During the study period 5.1% (95% confidence interval 2.7–7.8) of 275 patients had pressure sores (prevalence) and 4.4% (1.9–6.9) developed sores (incidence). None of the 239 patients who were assessed as not being at risk developed a sore. 36 patients were assessed as being at risk at some time during the study and 12 of these developed sores despite receiving high-quality preventive care. The results suggest that not all pressure sores can be prevented in severely ill patients. We believe that the 4.4% incidence of sores in this study approaches the current limit of prevention.
Physical therapy effects on psychological functions in patients with acute COPD exacerbation
Authors: Irene Torres-Sánchez, Marie Carmen Valenza, Irene Cabrera-Martos, Maröa Lorena López-Pacheco, Gerald Valenza-Demet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent comorbid complications in COPD. Physical therapy(PT) is recognized as an useful therapeutics option for acute exacerbation COPD patients. No previous studies has focused on PT programs effects on psychological function in COPD.  We conducted a randomized controlled clinical study using a sample of 23 COPD male patients distributed in two groups.  Patients were randomly and equally divided into the control and controlled breathing intervention groups. Baseline and postintervention recordings of Dyspnea, Anxiety and depression, Quality of life (EURQoL) and Sleep quality were taken in all subjects.  Controlled breathing techniques had a significant effect on dyspnea, anxiety and mobility (p  Controlled breathing exercises benefit patients hospitalized due to COPD exacerbation.
Experimental model effect of apnoe on some ECG parameters in chronobiological dependence
Authors: Ivana Bacová, Sona Gresová, Judita Stimmelová, Adela Mikulaková, Zuzana Kollárová, Viliam Donic, Pavol Svorc
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: The decrease of the pulmonary ventilation or stop of breathing lead to hypoxic state changing vulnerability of the hearth to arrhythmias, but connection between these factors in the dependence on light-dark (LD) cycle is less known.  Aims: The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of apneic episode on PQ and QT interval in dependence on LD cycle.  Methods: The experiments were performed in ketamine/xylazine anaesthetized female Wistar rats after adaptation to a lighted regime of 12:12h for 4 weeks. The animals were artificial ventilated by respirator. The apneic episode was simulated by switching off the respirator for 2 minutes. PQ and QT intervals were evaluated in intact animals at spontaneous breathing and after 30., 60., 90 and 120 sec. of apneic episode.  Results: PQ and QT interval was significantly prolonged (p  Conclusion: Long-term apneic episode connected with more serious asphyxia increases vulnerability to arrhythmias, but probably by the manner dependent on light and dark periods.
Nonscarring skin blistering disease and mucosal lesions with IgA autoantibodies reactive with collagen VII and IgG reactivity with laminin<b>γ</b>2
Authors: F. Florea, N. Torio-Padron, T. Hashimoto, C. Sitaru
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Funding sources: the authors’ work is supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SI‐1281/2‐1, SI‐1281/4‐1 and BIOSS‐B13 (C.S.), from the Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg (C.S.). Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, Autoimmunity to collagen VII, a major protein of the anchoring fibrils of the dermal–epidermal junction (DEJ) has been typically described in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), a subepidermal blistering disease affecting mainly the skin. The autoantibodies are usually of IgG, and less frequently of IgA isotype.1, 2 Antilaminin 332 antibodies are well documented in mucous membrane pemphigoid (LN332‐MMP) and mainly target laminin α3.3 Very rarely, IgG against both collagen VII and laminin 332 has been reported in autoimmune skin blistering diseases.4–8 We present a patient with extensive cutaneous blistering disease and persistent oral erosions with an unusual constellation of anticollagen VII IgA and antilaminin γ2 IgG antibodies. A 63‐year‐old woman presented with a 2‐year history of painful relapsing oral aphthous and bullous lesions. About 2 months before presentation she developed a pruritic erythematous eruption with tense bullae on the trunk and several vulvar erosions. Her previous medical history was remarkable for hypertension treated with lisinopril. Dermatological examination revealed round urticarial plaques with tense blisters and crusts mostly on the lateral parts of the trunk (Fig. 1a). Further erythematous plaques were observed on the inner parts of the arms. Examination of the mucous membranes revealed oral erosions (Fig. 1b), whereas small blisters were noticed on the vulva. Alopecia or nail dystrophy was absent. General laboratory tests, abdominal ultrasonography and chest radiography showed no evidence of malignancy.
Unusual Configurations of Endoplasmic Reticulum in Cells of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Janet L. Parkin, Richard D. Brunning
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

An ultrastructural study of leukemia cells from 8 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia revealed several features that have not previously been emphasized: prominent dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and two unusual configurations of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The two membrane structures, multilaminar ER and complex stellate arrangements of ER, appeared to be morphogenetically related. The multilaminar ER was observed in every mitotic cell and less frequently in interphase cells. The stellate ER complex was observed only in interphase cells. Ultrastructural evidence is presented to support the possible evolution of the stellate ER complex from the multilaminar ER.
Success rate of a trans-disciplinary in-hospital smoking cessation program
Authors: Rebekka Finger, Jasna Marcinkovic, Esther Buergi, Florent Baty, Martin Brutsche
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background

At our institution a smoking cessation program is established, but is under-utilized in the in-hospital setting. One reason could be the absent or non-obvious association between smoking and the actual patient’s diagnosis. We speculated if the implementation of a structured survey of the smoking status including a mini-intervention and the direct start of the smoking cessation counselling in the in-hospital setting would increase the rate of a successful quit attempt after 6 month.

Methods

In 3 hospital wards (pulmonary, cardiologic and gynaecologic/obstetric) with a awareness of the risk of smoking we interviewed between May and Oct 2012 any incoming patient about the smoking status and performed a mini-intervention in smokers. We started smoking cessation counselling within 24 h.

The participating patients were counselled according established local programs including nicotine-replacement and pharmacotherapy and were systematically readvised.

Results

The prevalence of smoking patients on the three wards was 8.7% (7.8%-9.6%). The prevalence in the patient population was lower, than in the actual Swiss population (24.8%).The rate of successful smoking cessation after 6 month was 34.5% respectively, which compares favorably with the published 6-month smoking cessation rate in an out-patient setting of 24.7%.

Conclusion

We observed a high success rate of a smoking cessation counselling program that starts immediately in the in-hospital setting. This might be due to the high situational awareness of the potential harm of smoking. The smokers’ prevalence in these wards was much lower than expected and compared with the prevalence in the Swiss population, presumably due to past quit attempts.
IL-34 is a Treg-specific cytokine and mediates transplant tolerance
Authors: Séverine Bézie, Elodie Picarda, Jason Ossart, Laurent Tesson, Claire Usal, Karine Renaudin, Ignacio Anegon, Carole Guillonneau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Cytokines and metabolic pathway-controlling enzymes regulate immune responses and have potential as powerful tools to mediate immune tolerance. Blockade of the interaction between CD40 and CD40L induces long-term cardiac allograft survival in rats through a CD8+CD45RClo Treg potentiation. Here, we have shown that the cytokine IL-34, the immunoregulatory properties of which have not been previously studied in transplantation or T cell biology, is expressed by rodent CD8+CD45RClo Tregs and human FOXP3+CD45RCloCD8+ and CD4+ Tregs. IL-34 was involved in the suppressive function of both CD8+ and CD4+ Tregs and markedly inhibited alloreactive immune responses. Additionally, in a rat cardiac allograft model, IL-34 potently induced transplant tolerance that was associated with a total inhibition of alloantibody production. Treatment of rats with IL-34 promoted allograft tolerance that was mediated by induction of CD8+ and CD4+ Tregs. Moreover, these Tregs were capable of serial tolerance induction through modulation of macrophages that migrate early to the graft. Finally, we demonstrated that human macrophages cultured in the presence of IL-34 greatly expanded CD8+ and CD4+ FOXP3+ Tregs, with a superior suppressive potential of antidonor immune responses compared with non-IL-34-expanded Tregs. In conclusion, we reveal that IL-34 serves as a suppressive Treg-specific cytokine and as a tolerogenic cytokine that efficiently inhibits alloreactive immune responses and mediates transplant tolerance.