tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arrhythmic disorder mapped to chromosome 1q42–q43 causes malignant polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in structurally normal hearts
Authors: Heikki Swan, Kirsi Piippo, Matti Viitasalo, Päivi Heikkilä, Timo Paavonen, Katariina Kainulainen, Juha Kere, Pekka Keto, Kimmo Kontula, Lauri Toivonen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
MEDITERRANEAN DIET MEDIATES THE ADVERSE EFFECT OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY ON SHORT-TERM OUTCOME IN ELDERLY SURVIVORS FROM AN ACUTE CORONARY EVENT.
Authors: Christine Chrysohoou, Catherine Liontou, Panagiotis Aggelopoulos, Christos Pitsavos, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Manolis Vavuranakis, Athanasios Aggelis, Panagiota Pietri, Costas Zisimos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Letter: Low-dose heparin and the prevention of venous thromboembolic disease.
Authors: W H Harris
Journal: BMJ (1976)

lives and visits are often infrequent.To this extent, therefore, I see the community hospital in populations in excess of 40 000 being of primary significance to the community in respect of acute diagnostic and surgical services at an appropriate level, and the geriatric and long-stay element as a part of the overall picture rather than the pre- dominant feature.In populations less than this figure, however, then I would agree entirely with Dr Evans's comments about the role of community hospitals.This assumes that they can be viable in small communities, and this again is an area that, I would suggest, needs careful study in relation to the overall costs of these establishments set against the benefits to the community. KENNETH CLIFFWinchester Immunisation against whooping cough SIR,-In showing that 7500' of infants below 3 months of age with whooping cough were
Fluoroscopy Technique for Tumor Localization
Authors: E. Eugene Covington
Journal: JAMA (1966)

FOR several years I have been dissatisfied with x-ray films alone for localization of a tumor. Films will show the bony wall of the chest or pelvis, but a soft-tissue mass or tumor may not be well defined on the film. Thus, accurate localization and depthdose measurements are not possible. Fluoroscopy is the easiest, fastest, and most accurate method of localization. If possible, an opaque substance should first be introduced, and then located by fluoroscopy. The opaque substance will vary from a dummy radium capsule in the cervix to a contrast medium in the bladder or barium in the esophagus. Lead markers are placed on the skin during the fluoroscopy. They indicate the center point for the x-ray or cobalt-60 therapy portals. X-ray films, anteroposterior (AP) and lateral, are taken in the exact position (prone, supine, or oblique) in which the patient is to be treated, for confirmatory evidence of
Oligomeric bile acid-mediated oral delivery of low molecular weight heparin
Authors: Taslim A Al-Hilal, Jooho Park, Farzana Alam, Seung Woo Chung, Jin Woo Park, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, In-San Kim, Sang Yoon Kim, Youngro Byun
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
NARRATION
Authors: Hugh A. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cost-effectiveness of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer (EBC) – a German health economic analysis.
Authors: MP Lux, A Benedict, S Buchholz, A Woeckel, N Harbeck, R Kreienberg, M Kaufmann, MW Beckmann, W Jonat, P Hadji, W Distler, G Raab, H Tesch, G Weyers, A Schneeweiss, K Possinger
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6109 Background: The non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI) anastrozole is superior to tamoxifen in terms of efficacy and safety in the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) early breast cancer (EBC). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of anastrozole versus tamoxifen from the German health care perspective.&amp;#x2028; Methods: A probabilistic Markov model was developed using data from the published literature and expert opinion to project trial outcomes to 25 years based on a cohort of 1000 postmenopausal women with HR+ EBC. Resource use data and costs were obtained from standard sources and expert opinion. Utility scores for the different heath states were obtained from a patient-based utility study using the standard gamble technique. Results were expressed as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) per quality adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. Costs and benefits were discounted at 5% annually.&amp;#x2028; Results: Total costs over the 25 year period for anastrozole and tamoxifen were €12,422 and €6,757, respectively. The cost per life year (LY) for anastrozole compared to tamoxifen was €24,822/LY gained. The ICER of anastrozole compared to tamoxifen was €21,050/QALY gained (95% CI €9,841 - €62,344). The result remained robust to all parameters tested in the sensitivity analysis. Cost-effectiveness probability curves indicated a &amp;gt;90% probability that the cost per QALY gained with anastrozole would be &amp;lt;€42,000.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: In this model, five years of adjuvant anastrozole is a cost-effective treatment alternative to tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with HR+ EBC from the German health care perspective. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6109.
Prolonged Zidovudine Therapy: Confounded by Pneumocystis carinii Prophylaxis?-Reply
Authors: Douglas D. Richman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> The restriction of viral replication (as measured by decreases in levels of serum p24 antigen), improved immunologic status, delays in the progression of human immunodeficiency virus disease, and prolongation of the disease-free interval seen with zidovudine therapy are associated with long-term survival benefits.<sup>1</sup>The prevention of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim has also been associated with prolonged survival in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—related Kaposi's sarcoma<sup>2</sup>and is most likely related to the prevention of<i>P carinii</i>pneumonia. However, it seems unlikely that prophylaxis for<i>P carinii</i>pneumonia alone would achieve the same survival benefits as found with zidovudine therapy. Nonetheless, it is possible that survival benefits conferred by zidovudine may be improved with the addition of an effective prophylactic agent. The use of prophylaxis for<i>P carinii</i>pneumonia in the long-term follow-up of subjects enrolled in the double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was at the
Energy Intake and Weight Loss—Reply
Authors: Eve S. Guth
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhibition of Notch signaling promotes browning of white adipose tissue and ameliorates obesity
Authors: Pengpeng Bi, Tizhong Shan, Weiyi Liu, Feng Yue, Xin Yang, Xin-Rong Liang, Jinghua Wang, Jie Li, Nadia Carlesso, Xiaoqi Liu, Shihuan Kuang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Presenting in Biomedicine: 500 Tips for Success
Authors: Sarah Garrison
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes21 September 2004Presenting in Biomedicine: 500 Tips for SuccessSarah Garrison, MD, MPHSarah Garrison, MD, MPHFrom Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-6-200409210-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Fraser J and Cave R. 146 pages. Abington, United Kingdom: Radcliffe Medical Pr; 2004. $42.00. ISBN 1857758978. Order phone 800-777-4643.Field of medicine: Medical education and medical presentations.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Clinicians, educators, and researchers who are inexperienced in developing presentations. More experienced presenters may also find the book useful.Purpose: To provide all scientists with the requisite skills to give competent, memorable presentations.Content: The book covers all aspects of creating a successful presentation, from being asked to give a presentation, developing an outline, and creating the presentation to delivering the presentation, answering questions, and dealing with difficult ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 September 2004Volume 141, Issue 6Page: 488KeywordsChartsMedical educationScientistsSoftware toolsStatistical data ePublished: 21 September 2004 Issue Published: 21 September 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Community-Academic Health Center Partnerships for Underserved Minority Populations
Authors: David M. Levine, Diane M. Becker, Lee R. Bone, Martha N. Hill, Melvin B. Tuggle, Scott L. Zeger
Journal: JAMA (1994)

NOWHERE are the national issues concerning health care more magnified than in underserved minority populations that suffer significantly higher rates of premature morbidity, disability, and mortality than the rest of the US population. It is noteworthy that the majority of the causes of this disparity, such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, substance abuse, violence, and various cancers, are either preventable or treatable and controllable. Whatever emerges from national health care system reform, it will be insufficient if we do not make significant progress in decreasing the gap in the health status of underserved, minority populations. Communities of underserved minority populations are frequently found in the same locale as are academic health centers. In fact, of the 126 academic health centers, approximately 75% are found in circumstances of this nature. 1 The mission of such centers is to gain new knowledge through research to enhance the health of the public, as well
Increased Serum Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Patients with Early Renal Failure
Authors: Leonardo A. Sechi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Elevated serum lipoprotein(a) levels have been found in patients with end-stage renal disease and in patients undergoing dialysis, suggesting that this lipoprotein contributes to the increased cardiovascular risk seen in these patients. It is not known whether lipoprotein(a) levels are elevated in the early phases of renal disease.To evaluate levels of lipoprotein(a) and other lipids and the prevalence of atherosclerotic disease in patients with early renal failure.Cross-sectional study.Hypertension clinic of a university medical center.257 patients with normal renal function and 160 patients with early impairment of renal function (creatinine clearance, 30 to 89 mL/min per 1.73 m2 of body surface area).Renal function was assessed by 24-hour creatinine clearance, proteinuria, and microalbuminuria. Cardiovascular disease status was also assessed. Serum lipoprotein(a), lipids, apolipoproteins, and apolipoprotein(a) isoforms were measured.Age, blood pressure, and serum lipoprotein(a) levels were greater in patients with early renal failure than in those with normal renal function and were independently associated with the presence of decreased creatinine clearance. Serum lipoprotein(a) and creatinine clearance were inversely correlated. The prevalence of coronary artery, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease was greater in patients with early renal failure than in those with normal renal function. The frequency distribution of apolipoprotein(a) isoforms was similar in patients with normal and those with impaired renal function.Serum lipoprotein(a) levels are elevated in patients with early impairment of renal function and are associated with greater prevalence of cardiovascular disease. An inverse correlation between serum lipoprotein(a) level and creatinine clearance and a frequency distribution of apolipoprotein(a) isoforms similar to that of normal patients point to decreased renal catabolism as a probable mechanism of lipoprotein(a) elevation in patients with early renal failure.
Nitric oxide (NO) modulates the neurogenic control of blood pressure in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF).
Authors: S Ye, S Nosrati, V M Campese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity plays a role in the genesis of hypertension in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). Because nitric oxide (NO) modulates the activity of the SNS, a deficit of NO synthesis could be responsible for the increased SNS activity in these animals. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of L-arginine and L-NAME on blood pressure and SNS activity-in Sprague Dawley 5/6 nephrectomized or sham-operated rats. SNS activity was determined by measuring norepinephrine turnover rate in several brain nuclei involved in the regulation of blood pressure. In the same brain nuclei, we measured NO content and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene expression by semiquantitative measurements of NOS mRNA reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In CRF rats, norepinephrine turnover rate was increased in the posterior hypothalamic nuclei, locus coeruleus, paraventricular nuclei, and the rostral ventral medulla, whereas NOS mRNA gene expression and NO2/NO3 content were increased in all brain nuclei tested. L-NAME increased blood pressure and NE turnover rate in several brain nuclei of both control and 5/6 nephrectomized rats. In CRF rats, a significant relationship was present between the percent increment in NOS mRNA gene expression related to the renal failure, and the percent increase in norepinephrine turnover rate caused by L-NAME. This suggests that endogenous NO may partially inhibit the activity of the SNS in brain nuclei involved in the neurogenic regulation of blood pressure, and this inhibition is enhanced in CRF rats. In summary, the increase in SNS activity in the posterior hypothalamic nuclei and in the locus coeruleus of CRF rats is partially mitigated by increased local expression of NOS m-RNA.
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: John A. Oates, Alastair J.J. Wood, Gerald R. Donowitz, Gerald L. Mandell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

CephalosporinsCephalosporins have been grouped into "generations" on the basis of their spectrum of activity against gram-negative rods (Table 4). Since the pharmacologic characteristics of first- and second-generation cephalosporins have previously been reviewed,197 198 199 200 201 202 only selected aspects of the most important agents will be mentioned here.First- and Second-Generation CephalosporinsFirst-generation cephalosporins, such as the parenteral drugs cephalothin (Keflin, Seffin) and cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol) and the oral agent cephalexin (Keflex), are the most active of all cephalosporins against staphylococci and nonenterococcal streptococci.197 Methicillin-resistant staphylococci and penicillin-resistant pneumococci are usually resistant to these agents.203 Even in instances in which in vitro susceptibility . . .
Effects of Capsule Endoscopy on Cardiac Pacemakers
Authors: G. Payeras, J. Piqueras, V. Moreno, A. Cabrera, D. Menéndez, R. Jiménez
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Capsule endoscopy is a new, noninvasive diagnostic technique which enables visualization of the mucosa of the small intestine in physiological conditions and without the need to subject the patient to external radiation. Wireless capsule video endoscopy is contraindicated in patients with a cardiac pacemaker. However, on the basis of the characteristics of the radiofrequency band used by the endoscopic capsule, together with a series of other factors, it is possible that the patient's use of a pacemaker should not be a contraindication to capsule endoscopy. Patients and Methods: This work had two phases: an in vitro study, using an interference detector, and an in vivo study involving 20 patients with cardiac pacemakers who showed symptoms or signs that justified a capsule endoscopy investigation. Results: No interference was observed during the first, in vitro, phase of the study. In the second phase, patients wore a Holter recorder for a mean time of 10 hours, during which the average number of recorded QRS complexes exceeded 30 000. All the pacemakers functioned normally. Interference due only to myopotentials was detected in a single patient in whom modification of the pacemaker programming was necessary. In the other 19 patients, neither sensing nor stimulation failures were observed. Conclusions: No interference between the pacemaker and the endoscopic capsule was observed. All the pacemakers functioned normally, and no increased incidence of adverse effects was observed. Neither was any pacemaker-induced interference observed on the capsule endoscopy images.
Diagnostic Decision: Probability Theory in the Use of Diagnostic Tests
Authors: HAROLD C. SOX
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The purpose of this article is to provide an understanding of methods that are useful in formulating advice about when to use diagnostic tests. If the clinician expresses diagnostic uncertainty as the probability of a disease in a patient, Bayes' theorem may be used to predict the effect of doing various tests and their impact on patient management. To use Bayes' theorem wisely, one must be aware of pitfalls in estimating probability and must understand the limitations of most studies of the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests.
Ensuring Integrity in Biomedical Publication
Authors: Patricia K. Woolf
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE COMPLEX cooperative enterprise that characterizes modern science depends on the maintenance of two attitudes, skepticism and collegiality, which are not easily reconciled one with the other. The friendship and trust that sustain collegiality can make objective criticism extremely difficult and undermine the ability to maintain the healthy skepticism needed for evaluating the ideas, data, and conclusions of scientific research. Recent cases of fraud in science have raised the question whether the assumption of integrity has interfered with our ability to be appropriately critical of our colleagues' research, to respond appropriately, and to be sufficiently diligent in detecting and correcting the problems when these events occur. Are we adequately teaching the scientific investigators and administrators of the future about the delicate balance of skepticism and collegiality, and the need for both in the social system of science? How can we ensure that the ongoing processes of scientific research and appraisal
South Asian health: what is to be done?
Authors: K C Mahajan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

South Asian health: what is to be done? Amalgamation of South Asia's medical community will benefit allEditor-The BMJ deserves credit for providing the spark necessary to activate the medical community of the South Asian countries, with their limited resources, unstable governments, and uncommitted politicians pitching in with solutions for public health problems.Amalgamation of South Asia's medical community will ensure benefits to all its constituents.Strength will flow from unity of purpose focused on achievable targets with a structured and pragmatic plan of realistic objectives.The impossible can be made possible.There is a wealth of talent and experience in the South Asian countries in traditional and complementary systems of medicine, which have great potential for providing relief to millions of people at minimal or no cost to the exchequer.Ayurveda, the unani system, homoeopathy, herbal medicine, yoga, and meditation are powerful modalities for providing some remedies to the poor and ailing population of South Asia.Education is the bedrock on which all health practices are based.Knowledge of cleanliness, sanitation, clean potable water, and basic amenities for primary health in every village is an admirable beginning.The public and private sectors have distinctive roles.There must be harmony, cooperation, discipline, and monitoring to ensure optimal use of resources.This needs to be orchestrated by the government agencies designated to run a country's health programmes.
HIV testing and management of newly diagnosed HIV
Authors: M. Rayment, D. Asboe, A. K. Sullivan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

#### Summary points

HIV infection in the United Kingdom remains a public health challenge; in 2012 an estimated 98 400 people were living with HIV infection, with 1 in 5 cases undiagnosed. The prognosis for those with a diagnosis of HIV is broadly excellent. Most patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection should prepare for a normal, healthy, and productive lifespan.

UK guidance on HIV testing,1 published in 2008, encouraged the normalisation and expansion of HIV testing. As a result more testing is now being undertaken in non-specialist settings, with an increase now being seen in the number of cases being diagnosed outside specialist services.

The purpose of this review is to provide an evidence based summary to support primary and secondary care clinicians in delivering HIV testing and to guide them in the initial management of patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection. Although we focus on the situation in the UK, many of the principles apply to populations worldwide. Globally, undiagnosed and late stage diagnosed …