tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Standard- vs High-Dose Clopidogrel After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Young-Hoon Jeong
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Learning from children
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The aim of this case–control study was to investigate the prevalence of exercise intolerance, muscle weakness and fatigue in sarcoidosis patients. Additionally, we evaluated whether fatigue can be explained by exercise capacity, muscle strength or other clinical characteristics (lung function tests, radiographic stages, prednisone usage and inflammatory markers). 124 sarcoidosis patients (80 males) referred to the Maastricht University Medical Centre (Maastricht, the Netherlands) were included (mean age 46.6±10.2 yrs). Patients performed a 6-min walk test (6MWT) and handgrip force (HGF), elbow flexor muscle strength (EFMS), quadriceps peak torque (QPT) and hamstring peak torque (HPT) tests. Maximal inspiratory pressure (<i>P</i><sub>I,max</sub>) was recorded. All patients completed the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) questionnaire. The 6MWT was reduced in 45% of the population, while HGF, EFMS, QPT and HPT muscle strength were reduced in 15, 12, 27 and 18%, respectively. <i>P</i><sub>I,max</sub> was reduced in 43% of the population. The majority of the patients (81%) reported fatigue (FAS ≥22). Patients with reduced peripheral muscle strength of the upper and/or lower extremities were more fatigued and demonstrated impaired lung functions, fat-free mass, <i>P</i><sub>I,max</sub>, 6MWT and quality of life. Fatigue was neither predicted by exercise capacity, nor by muscle strength. Besides fatigue, exercise intolerance and muscle weakness are frequent problems in sarcoidosis. We therefore recommend physical tests in the multidisciplinary management of sarcoidosis patients, even in nonfatigued patients.
Complete Resection of an Isolated Chest Wall Metastasis from Esophageal Carcinoma after Transhiatal Esophagectomy and Gastric Pull-up at One and a Half-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Joerg Lindenmann, Veronika Matzi, Christian Porubsky, Alfred Maier, Freyja-Maria Smolle-Juettner
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
THE RELATION OF BACTERIOLYSIS TO PROTEOLYSIS
Authors: James W. Jobling, William Petersen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

1. There is no demonstrable increase in non-coagulable nitrogen during bacteriolysis. 2. Bacteria treated with immune serum and complement are so altered that they are more readily digested by trypsin. 3. Bacteria treated with complement alone become more resistant to proteolysis. 4. Bacteria treated with an excess of immune serum and complement become more resistant to proteolysis.
Thermosensory abnormalities and blood flow dysfunction in psoriatic skin
Authors: G. Yosipovitch, Y.H. Chan, Y.K. Tay, C.L. Goh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Accumulating data have shown evidence of involvement of cutaneous nerve fibres and neuropeptides in psoriasis. Although ample evidence of structural and biochemical data exist no studies have been done on assessing the function of small nerve fibres in this disease.To investigate the function of small nerve fibres in patients with psoriasis between psoriatic plaques and non-involved skin and in comparison with healthy controls.We performed computerized psychophysical thermal sensory testing of warmth, cold and heat pain thresholds and skin blood flow using laser Doppler imaging in psoriatic lesions vs. non-involved skin and healthy skin. We evaluated these parameters before and immediately after barrier perturbation, and 1 week after as a measure of barrier repair.There is a significantly elevated warm and decreased cold sensation threshold in psoriatic skin compared with non-involved skin and skin of healthy controls in the same sites. These differences were particularly abnormal 1 week poststripping. The warm sensation threshold was significantly elevated in non-involved skin in psoriatics vs. skin of healthy controls after tape stripping. These findings suggest there is an abnormal function of cutaneous nerve fibres in response to trauma to the stratum corneum, which is not limited to the visible plaque but could be generalized and aggravated by stressful events. Skin blood flow was significantly elevated in psoriatic plaques and inversely correlated to warm sensation thresholds while in healthy controls a direct correlation was noted.Our data demonstrate an abnormal thermosensory response in psoriasis.
Decreased frequency of HCV core-specific peripheral blood mononuclear cells with type 1 cytokine secretion in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Martin Lechmann, Rainer P Woitas, Bettina Langhans, Rolf Kaiser, Hans Georg Ihlenfeldt, Günther Jung, Tilman Sauerbruch, Ulrich Spengler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
A RULE FOR COMBINING CROSSED CYLINDERS.
Authors: HARRY S. PEARSE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

One of the stumbling-blocks of the students of optics lies in the proper transposition of different combinations of spheres and cylinders. It always requires long practice at the test-case and no little figuring to become familiar with and able to make the proper combinations. Dr. James Thorington, of Philadelphia, in his excellent work on "Refraction," recently published, has greatly simplified these problems for the student by formulating set rules for transposing combinations of spheres, cylinders and of a sphere and a cylinder. In working out mathematical problems of this character in optics the easiest and quickest way to master them is by rule, depending upon experience to sink the rules in the background. As a student, I could find no rules in the literature for the transposition of plus and minus cylinders with opposite axes into a sphero-cylinder, and worked out the following formula, which has been of great assistance
The REPLACE 1 trial: a pilot study of bivalirudin versus heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting and GP IIb/IIIa blockade
Authors: A.Michael Lincoff, John A. Bittl, Neal S. Kleiman, Dean J. Kereiakes, Robert A. Harrington, Ian J. Sarembock, J.Daniel Jackman, Sameer Mehta, Elizabeth F. Maierson, Derek P. Chew, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
ON THE INHERITANCE OF AGGLUTINOGENS OF HUMAN BLOOD DEMONSTRABLE BY IMMUNE AGGLUTININS
Authors: K. Landsteiner, Philip Levine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

The heredity of two agglutinable structures demonstrable by immune agglutinins was studied in 166 families. From the data collected it is evident that one deals with a case of Mendelian inheritance. The main result of the studies is the demonstration that it is feasible to investigate the heredity of serological structures of human blood other than the group agglutinogens. Irrespective of the ultimate theory it seems very probable that the properties M and N do not appear in the offspring when they are absent in both parents-a conclusion substantiated by the examination of ten families with 46 children. These findings offer the prospect of forensic application to cases of disputed paternity and, in our opinion, a correct decision could already be given, at least with great probability, provided the reagents are available and the method properly applied. Of course further work is needed before the test can be adopted as a routine procedure.
Exercise--a diagnostic virtuoso
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Physical exercise—be it for therapeutic reasons, or sport, or simply for the fun of it—is also an exercise in diagnosis. By observing the limits of their exercise tolerance, exercisers monitor their endurance and diagnose their fitness or its shortcomings.  Exercise became a diagnostic tool formally when physicians began to measure its effect on the pulse rate and blood pressure. As a rough guide to cardiac performance, these measurements proved clinically useful. More refined measurements of the effect of exercise on oxygen consumption and on other biochemical and hemodynamic parameters have further enhanced its value in diagnosis.  With the advent of electrocardiography, exercise rose to even greater prominence. The Master two-step exercise test gave it an almost decisive voice in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. When the test proved wanting in specificity and sensitivity, the treadmill and bicycle ergometer largely replaced it. These sophisticated modifications, however, also appear to be
REAPPRAISAL OF PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECT OF ADJUNCTIVE CILOSTAZOL AND HIGH-DOSE CLOPIDOGREL IN EAST ASIAN ACS PATIENTS
Authors: Young-Hoon Jeong, Yongwhi Park, Jin Sin Koh, Jeong Rang Park, Choong Hwan Kwak, Jin-Yong Hwang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in the peripheral blood and pleural effusions of cancer patients.
Authors: A Uchida, M Micksche
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

T cells proliferate in response to autologous non-T cells in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). AMLR was impaired in the peripheral blood of patients with advanced lung cancer (4,159 +/- 3,878 delta cpm vs. 11,221 +/- 4,156 delta cpm for normal donors) but normal or even higher in their malignant pleural effusions (13,257 +/- 7,075 delta cpm vs. 10, 870 +/- 5,013 delta cpm for nonmalignant control effusions). Blood T cells also failed to respond to autologous effusion non-T cells, while effusion T cells strongly responded to autologous erythrocytes blood non-T cells. The presence of blood T cells did not inhibit effusion AMLR of the same patients. A subset of T cells that form rosettes with autologous erythrocytes if found to proliferate in AMLR. The number of autorosette-forming cells was lower in blood T cells of cancer patients than in blood T cells of normal donors and in effusion T cells of the patients. After enrichment of autorosette-forming cells, there was no difference in AMLR of normal blood and cancer blood and effusions. These results indicate that the loss of AMLR in the blood of cancer patients is due to a reduction of number of autoreactive T cells and not to a defect of autologous stimulator non-T cells.
Caring for the Patient
Authors: Herrman L. Blumgart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IN choosing the title "Caring For the Patient," I bear in mind the closing sentence of Dr. Pea-body's poignant Gay Lecture, in which he stated, "The secret of the care of the patient is in caring for the patient." Caring for the patient encompasses both the science and the art of medicine. The science of medicine embraces the entire stockpile of knowledge accumulated about man as a biologic entity. The art of medicine consists in the skillful application of this knowledge to a particular person for the maintenance of health or the amelioration of disease. Thus, the meeting place of . . .
First clinical trials of a new heteropolymer technology agent in normal healthy volunteers and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: safety and proof of principle of the antigen-heteropolymer ETI-104
Authors: C Iking-Konert, S Stocks, F Weinsberg, R Engelbrecht, E Bleck, A Perniok, R Fischer-Betz, S Pincus, L Nardone, M Schneider
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objectives</b> To assess whether a double therapy combination consisting of diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers with addition of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the triple therapy combination of two of the aforementioned antihypertensive drugs to which NSAIDs are added are associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury. <b>Design</b> Retrospective cohort study using nested case-control analysis. <b>Setting</b> General practices contributing data to the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to the Hospital Episodes Statistics database. <b>Participants</b> A cohort of 487 372 users of antihypertensive drugs. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals of acute kidney injury associated with current use of double and triple therapy combinations of antihypertensive drugs with NSAIDs. <b>Results</b> During a mean follow-up of 5.9 (SD 3.4) years, 2215 cases of acute kidney injury were identified (incidence rate 7/10 000 person years). Overall, current use of a double therapy combination containing either diuretics or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers with NSAIDs was not associated with an increased rate of acute kidney injury. In contrast, current use of a triple therapy combination was associated with an increased rate of acute kidney injury (rate ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.53). In secondary analyses, the highest risk was observed in the first 30 days of use (rate ratio 1.82, 1.35 to 2.46). <b>Conclusions</b> A triple therapy combination consisting of diuretics with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and NSAIDs was associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury. The risk was greatest at the start of treatment. Although antihypertensive drugs have cardiovascular benefits, vigilance may be warranted when they are used concurrently with NSAIDs.
ARTHROSCOPIC FINDINGS AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF SHOULDER INJURY IN THE YOUNG OVERHEAD ATHLETES
Authors: Rimtautas Gudas, Laimonas Šiupšinskas, Vilma Mauricienė
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Research background and hypothesis Overhead athletes are having higher risk to suffer from acute and chronic shoulder injuries. Research aim to evaluate shoulder complex functional characteristics of the overhead and non-overhead young athletes before and 2 years after the concomitant arthroscopic type II superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) and partial–thickness rotator cuff (PTRC) repair and to present specific rehabilitation guidelines needed for successful return to sports. Methods The sample of the research included 38 male athletes: overhead (n=19) and non-overhead (n=19) athletes. All participants underwent concomitant arthroscopic type II SLAP and PTRC repair and were available for review at a minimum of 2 year after surgery. Shoulder range of motion was measured with goniometer. Constant score was used for evaluation of the shoulder function's quality. Results Function of the shoulder complex had higher increase in non-overhead group (p&lt;0.05). Constant score 2 years after surgery hadn't returned to optimal level. Shoulder flexion and internal rotation ROM in both groups and external rotation ROM of non-overhead athletes were the same as before surgery. Discussion and conclusion Functional characteristics of shoulder complex measured with Constant score of overhead and non-overhead athletes statistically significant increased 2 years after the arthroscopic surgery. Significant change of external rotation was established in overhead athletes: 2 years after surgery it was significantly smaller. Sports specific and diagnose-based rehabilitation is needed to decrease deficit in function of the shoulder complex after concomitant arthroscopic type II SLAP and PTRC repair.
FDA advisory panel calls for suicide warnings over new antidepressantss
Authors: Ray Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In a surprise move on 2 February, a panel of scientific advisers of the US Food and Drug Administration urged the agency to warn that new anti-depressants may increase the risk of suicidal thinking or behaviour among children and teenagers.

During a 10 hour hearing, experts weighed the official presentations of uncertain scientific data against powerful emotional testimony from dozens of families whose children have killed themselves or others after …
Determination of HER2 amplification by in situ hybridization: when should chromosome 17 also be determined?.
Authors: JM Bartlett, FM Campbell, EA Mallon
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3002 Introduction: Aberrations of chromosome 17 (aneusomy) are common in breast cancer and therefore have a critical impact on the assessment and reporting of HER2 gene amplification in a significant sub-set of cases. There is an ongoing debate as to the proportion of cases for which assessment of chromosome 17 copy number may be important. According to current guidelines1,2, amplification of HER2 is considered to be a HER2/chromosome 17 ratio ≥2.0 and a ratio &amp;lt;2.0 is regarded as non-amplified. For HER2 gene copy number assays, it has been assumed that copy numbers of &amp;gt;6.0 reflect amplification and a result of &amp;lt;4.0 HER2 gene copies per nucleus is always associated with lack of amplification; cases with 4-6 copies per cell are thought to require validation by testing of a parallel section for chromosome 171,2. To our knowledge, this assumption has not been verified experimentally.&amp;#x2028; Methods: HER2 and chromosome 17 were measured by dual color FISH in 1711 breast cancer samples referred to the authors laboratories between 2000-2008. Using HER2 copy number and chromosome 17 data the impact of chromosome 17 testing upon accuracy of diagnosis of gene amplification was assessed.&amp;#x2028; Results: At a HER2 copy number of 2 to &amp;lt;3, 16 of 488 cases (3.3%) had HER2 amplification; and at a copy number of 3 to &amp;lt;4, 32 of 195 cases (16.4%) were amplified. The proportion of cases with HER2 amplification increased considerably at HER2 copy numbers of 4 to &amp;lt;7: 50.0% at 4 to &amp;lt;5; 67.5% at 5 to &amp;lt;6, and 77.3% at 6 to &amp;lt;7. Virtually all cases were amplified at HER2 copy numbers of ≥7.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Werecommend that all cases with observed HER2 copy numbers of 2 to 7 should also be analyzed for chromosome 17 in order to accurately determine HER2 gene amplification. This would require analysis of chromosome 17 in 48.3% of all breast cancer cases based upon the study population. Current guidelines1,2 recommend chromosome 17 measurement only in cases with a HER2 copy number of 4 to &amp;lt;6, which represents only 6.6% of all breast cancer cases in the current study. Although single color ISH is becoming more widely used with the availability of CISH, the importance of chromosome 17 measurement cannot be ignored. It is essential that HER2 testing is of high quality, so that optimal patient management can be provided.&amp;#x2028; 1. Ellis IO, Bartlett J, Dowsett M et al: Updated recommendations for HER2 testing in the UK. J.Clin.Path. 57(3), 233-237 (2004).&amp;#x2028; 2. Wolff AC, Hammond ME, Schwartz JN et al: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 25(1), 118-145 (2007). Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3002.
Nitric Oxide Donors and Cardiovascular Agents Modulating the Bioactivity of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Louis J. Ignarro, Claudio Napoli, Joseph Loscalzo
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Nitric oxide (NO) mediates multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes in the cardiovascular system. Pharmacological compounds that release NO have been useful tools for evaluating the pivotal role of NO in cardiovascular physiology and therapeutics. These agents constitute two broad classes of compounds, those that release NO or one of its redox congeners spontaneously and those that require enzymatic metabolism to generate NO. In addition, several commonly used cardiovascular drugs exert their beneficial action, in part, by modulating the NO pathway. Here, we review these classes of agents, summarizing their fundamental chemistry and pharmacology, and provide an overview of their cardiovascular mechanisms of action.
Inhibition of Spontaneous Metastasis in a Rat Prostate Cancer Model by Oral Administration of Modified Citrus Pectin
Authors: K. J. Pienta, H. Nailk, A. Akhtar, K. Yamazaki, T. S. Replogle, J. Lehr, T. L. Donat, L. Tait, V. Hogan, A. Raz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in U.S. men and remains incurable once it has metastasized. Many stages of the metastatic cascade involve cellular interactions mediated by cell surface components, such as carbohydrate-binding proteins, including galactoside-binding lectins (galectins). Modified citrus pectin (pH-modified), a soluble component of plant fiber derived form citrus fruit, has been shown to interfere with cell-cell interactions mediated by cell surface carbohydrate-binding galectin-3 molecules. The aim of this study was to determine whether modified citrus pectin, a complex polysaccharide rich in galactosyl residues, could inhibit spontaneous metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma cells in the rat. The ability of modified citrus pectin to inhibit the adhesion of Dunning rat prostate cancer MAT-LyLu cells to rat endothelial cells was measured by 51 Cr-labeling. Modified citrus pectin inhibition of MAT-LyLu cell anchorage-independent growth was measured by colony formation in agarose. The presence of galectin-3 in rat MAT-LyLu cells and human prostate carcinoma was demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunohisto-chemistry. One million MAT-LyLu cells were injected sub-cutaneously into the hind limb of male Copenhagen rats on day 0. Rats were given 0.0%, 0.01%, 0.1%, or 1.0% (wt/vol) modified citrus pectin continuously in their drinking water (from day 4 until necropsy on day 30). The number of MAT-LyLu tumor colonies in the lungs were counted. Results: Compared with15 of 16 control rats that had lung metastases on day 30, seven of 14 rats in the 0.1% and nine of 16 rats in the 1.0% modified citrus-pectin group had statistically significant (two-sided; P<.03 and P<.001, respectively) reductions in lung metastases. The lungs of the 1.0% modified citrus pectin-treated rats had significantly (two-sided; P<.05) fewer metastatic colonies than control groups (9 colonies ± 4 [mean ± SE] in the control group compared with 1 colony ± 1 in the treated group). Modified citrus pectin had no effect on the growth of the primary tumors. In vitro, modified citrus pectin inhibited MAT-LyLu cell adhesion to rat endothelial cells in a time-and dose dependent manner as well as their colony formation in semisolid medium. We present a novel therapy in which oral intake of modified citrus pectin acts as a potent inhibitor of spontaneous prostate carcinoma metastasis in the Copenhagen rat. Further investigations are warranted to determine the following: 1) the role of galectin-3 in normal and cancerous prostate tissues and 2) the ability of modified citrus pectin to inhibit human prostate metastasis in nude mice. [J Natl Cancer Inst 87: 348–353, 1995)
Infrequent Microsatellite Instability in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder in Young Patients
Authors: Pierre Mongiat-Artus, Catherine Miquel, Madelon van der Aa, Olivier Buhard, Richard Hamelin, Chris Bangma, Pierre Teillac, Theodorus van der Kwast, Françoise Praz
Journal: European Urology (2006)