tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does Locoregional Radiation Therapy Improve Survival in Breast Cancer? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Timothy J. Whelan, Jim Julian, Jim Wright, Alejandro R. Jadad, Mark L. Levine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Recent randomized trials in women with node-positive breast cancer who received systemic treatment report that locoregional radiation therapy improves survival. Previous trials failed to detect a difference in survival that results from its use. A systematic review of randomized trials that examine the effectiveness of locoregional radiation therapy in patients treated by definitive surgery and adjuvant systemic therapy was conducted. METHODS: Randomized trials published between 1967 and 1999 were identified through MEDLINE database, CancerLit database, and reference lists of relevant articles. Relevant data was abstracted. The results of randomized trials were pooled using meta-analyses to estimate the effect of treatment on any recurrence, locoregional recurrence, and mortality. RESULTS: Eighteen trials that involved a total of 6,367 patients were identified. Most trials included both pre- and postmenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer treated with modified radical mastectomy. The type of systemic therapy received, sites irradiated, techniques used, and doses of radiation delivered varied between trials. Data on toxicity were infrequently reported. Radiation was shown to reduce the risk of any recurrence (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 0.83), local recurrence (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.34), and mortality (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.94). CONCLUSION: Locoregional radiation after surgery in patients treated with systemic therapy reduced mortality. Several questions remain on how these results should be translated into current-day clinical practice.
Alterations to innate immunity in patients with bronchiectasis
Authors: Montserrat Vendrell, Pilar Fernández, Javier de Gracia, Antonio Alvarez, Maria Buxó, Gerard Muñoz, Salvi Sendra, Gladis Sabater, Jose Manuel Fernandez-Real
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and lung surfactant protein D (SPD) are important components of the innate immune system. Low serum MBL levels have been associated with increased susceptibility to infection and serum SPD levels have been found to increase in acute and chronic lung diseases such as pneumonia, COPD and cystic fibrosis. Aim: To investigate alterations in MBL and SPD in bronchiectasis. Methods: Prospective and observational study of patients older than 15 years old with bronchiectasis in stable state and a healthy control group. Blood samples were analysed for systemic inflammatory markers, MBL and SPD. A fresh sputum sample was taken for culture and patients also provide the sputum from the last 24 hours. MBL and SPD serum concentrations were measured by ELISA. Deficiency of MBL was taken as   Grants: SEPAR, FUCAP, SOCAP 2006. Study sponsored by PII Bronquiectasias, SEPAR.
Virological rebound in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with or without residual viraemia: results from an extended follow-up
Authors: N. Gianotti, L. Galli, S. Salpietro, M. Cernuschi, S. Bossolasco, M. Maillard, V. Spagnuolo, F. Canducci, M. Clementi, A. Lazzarin, A. Castagna
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Pneumonia in patients who received health care at home – Should they be categorized as CAP or HCAP?
Authors: Toru Rikimaru, Noriko Hukushima, Reiko Toda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) is a condition in patients (pts) who are not hospitalized but features are similar to hospital-acquired pneumonia. There are many people who receive HC at home instead of at a nursing home (NH). It is not clear whether thay should be treated as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or HCAP.   Aims and objectives:  This study sought to declare the features in pts who received HC at home, and to classify them as CAP or HCAP by comparing them with CAP and NH-acquired pneumonia (NHAP) which occupy an important position in HCAP.   Methods:  We evaluated and separated 1000 pts into three groups, Group A 517 pts; complete CAP (A), Group B 333 pts; NHAP (B), and Group C 160 pts; who received HC at home (C).   Results:  The features of C were similar to B in age, and between A and B in sex, total protein and independency. There were no differences between the three groups in body temperature, WBC and CRP. In bacteriological features,  S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and K. pneumoniae  were 9.5%, 5.8% and 3.9% in A, 7.2%, 2.2% and 10.9% in B and 3.6%, 5.5% and 9.1% in C, respectively. Other features of B and C were similar and had many drug-resistant pathogens e.g. MRSA (A: 5.3%, B: 21.0%, C: 16.4%) and  P. aeruginosa  (A: 2.5%, B: 13.4%, C: 10.9%). Mortality rates of A, B and C were 6.0%, 18.6% and 10.0%, respectively. In restricted analysis within total care pts of C, the clinical features were more similar to B, with a mortality of 18.4%.   Conclusions:  The clinical features of C were similar to NHAP in many categories. We concluded that pneumonia in pts who have received HC at home should be classified as HCAP, especially in poor independency pts.
The PIM Family of Serine/Threonine Kinases in Cancer
Authors: Maja Narlik‐Grassow, Carmen Blanco‐Aparicio, Amancio Carnero
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2013)

The proviral insertion site in Moloney murine leukemia virus, or PIM proteins, are a family of serine/threonine kinases composed of three different isoforms (PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3) that are highly evolutionarily conserved. These proteins are regulated primarily by transcription and stability through pathways that are controlled by Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription, JAK/STAT, transcription factors. The PIM family proteins have been found to be overexpressed in hematological malignancies and solid tumors, and their roles in these tumors were confirmed in mouse tumor models. Furthermore, the PIM family proteins have been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, metabolism, cell cycle, and homing and migration, which has led to the postulation of these proteins as interesting targets for anticancer drug discovery. In the present work, we review the importance of PIM kinases in tumor growth and as drug targets.
Anonymity, Neutrality, and Confidentiality in the Actual Methods of Sigmund Freud: A Review of 43 Cases, 1907–1939
Authors: David J. Lynn, George E. Vaillant
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this historical study was to examine the methods actually used by Sigmund Freud in his practice of psychoanalysis in his mature years (1907–1939) and to assess the relationship between these methods and Freud's published recommendations concerning anonymity, neutrality, and confidentiality. METHOD: The authors used both published and unpublished sources, including reports or autobiographies by analysands, letters by analysands, interviews of analysands, letters by Freud, published works by Freud, and clinical records of subsequent treatment. RESULTS: Information concerning Freud's actual methods was found in 43 cases, including 10 clinical psychoanalyses, 19 didactic analyses, and 14 with combined clinical and didactic purposes. These 43 cases probably encompassed a majority of Freud's psychoanalytic hours during these years. Deviations from Freud's recommendations were found to the following extent: for anonymity, 43 cases (100%); for neutrality, 37 cases (86%); for confidentiality, 23 cases (53%). In addition, there were significant extra-analytic relations between Freud and 31 of these analysands (72%). CONCLUSIONS: These results show a substantial disparity between Freud's recommendations and his actual methods. Freud's prescribed method, as defined by his recommendations, was not tested or used in his practice. Freud's actual method was never explicitly described in his writings and cannot be replicated. (Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:163–171)
Stressed GPs are promised national occupational health service
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The NHS plans to launch a new national occupational health service from next April to support general practitioners experiencing burnout and stress.

A national service specification based on successful local programmes will form part of a wider, major new drive from NHS England to improve the health and wellbeing of NHS staff. The scheme will include serving healthier food, offering health checks in the workplace, and promoting physical activity among staff.

Launching the initiative at the NHS Innovation Expo conference in Manchester this week Simon Stevens, NHS England chief executive, said that it was time for the health service to “put its own house in order” by doing more to support the health of its staff.

Stevens acknowledged specifically that rising pressures on general practice were causing stress and burnout and said that he wanted to replicate successful local occupational health schemes such as the London NHS Practitioner Health Programme, to create “a national offering.” He said that NHS England would develop the national service specification from 1 April 2016, …
Youth Readership of Alcohol Advertisements
Authors: Nina Link
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Skin Cancers
Authors: Stanley J. Miller, Murad Alam, James Andersen, Daniel Berg, Christopher K. Bichakjian, Glen Bowen, Richard T. Cheney, L. Frank Glass, Roy C. Grekin, Anne Kessinger, Nancy Y. Lee, Nanette Liegeois, Daniel D. Lydiatt, Jeff Michalski, William H. Morrison, Kishwer S. Nehal, Kelly C. Nelson, Paul Nghiem, Thomas Olencki, Clifford S. Perlis, E. William Rosenberg, Ashok R. Shaha, Marshall M. Urist, Linda C. Wang, John A. Zic
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)
American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy 14th Annual Meeting
Authors: Gaetano Romano
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

The American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy's 13th Annual Meeting, held in Washington, DC, included topics covering new developments in the field of gene therapy. This conference report highlights selected presentations on adenoviral therapies for the treatment of cancer, HIV immunotherapies and gene/cell therapies for the treatment of genetic disorders. Investigational drugs discussed include the TAG vaccine and INGN-007 (both Gradalis Inc), AdCD40L (Uppsala University), Ad5-SSTR/TK-RGD (University of Alabama at Birmingham), CGTG-102 (Oncos Therapeutics Ltd) and lexgenleucel-T (VIRxSYS Corp).
Ankylosing spondylitis: Pulmonary manifestations
Authors: Fatmanur Karakose, Aylin Rezvani, Muhammet Emin Akkoyunlu, Mehmet Bayram, Hatice Kutbay Özçelik, Murat Sezer, Levent Kart
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

In present study we aimed to assess the spirometric and pulmonary radiological findings of the patients with ankylosing spondylitis Methods;35 outpatientswith ankylosing spondylitis were evaluated in terms of demographic characteristics, smoking status, tuberculosis history, respiratory symptoms, HLA B27 status, activity of illness.X ray, HRCT, spirometry,body plethismography and DLCO tests were evaluated.Results;The characteristics of all the subjects are shown in Table 1.  Chest X ray was normal at 24 patients (% 68,6) and abnormal at 8 (%22.9) patients. The HRCT findings of all the subjects are shown in Table 2.  Lung Volumes were normal at 20 (%57,1) patients, abnormal at 3 (%8,6) patients. DLCO were normal at 16 (%45,7) patients, abnormal at 10 (%28,6) patients. PI max and PE max were normal at 17 (%48,6) patients, abnormal 13 (%37,1) patients.Results; Disease activity determined by BASDAI Index has no significant correlation with chest Expansion and value of PI max-PE max (p=0.388). There is no significant correlations between chest expansion and normal or reduced intrathoracal pressures(p= 0.509).
A case of pulmonary sequestration behaves as cyst hydatic
Authors: Asli Gül Akgül, Muhip Kanko, Salih Topçu, Aykut Eliçora, Serife Tuba Liman, Seymur Salih Mehmetoglu, Hasan Tahsin Sarisoy, Sevtap Gümüstas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Pulmonary sequestration is an uncommon disease with non-functioning pulmonary tissue and anomalous systemic blood supply. Diagnosis depends on identification of abnormal systemic vessels. We report a case who went on thoracotomy due to cyst hydatic and the sequestration was diagnosed during the operation.   Case:  A 68-year-old man complaining of a non-productive cough, stomach ache, nausea and vomiting, admitted to our clinic. He was diagnosed with hepatic cyst hydatic and was treated with surgery one year ago. Chest x-ray showed a prominency at aortic arch. Chest CT imaging was revealed a paraaortic lesion with suspicion about its dansity of cystic or solid which was located posteriorly.  This was tought again a hydatic cyst suitable with his medical history and an operation was planned. Left thoracotomy was performed. During the operation the lesion was detected as a sequestration. By histopathological study the lesion was confirmed to be a sequestration. In his 4th. month follow-up the patient remains asymptomatic with normal radiography results.  Aberrant feeding vessels cannot always be demonstrated by conventional CT. Moreover, volumetric helical imaging allows three dimensional reconstruction of data, may be useful in the demonstration and characterization of the lesions and also showing vascular structures. Pulmonary sequestration must be in mind for differantial diagnosis of pulmonary lesions especially adjacent to vasculary structures.
Translational medicine in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Luis Darío Larrateguy, Diego Humberto Milone, Leandro Ezequiel Di Persia, Gaston Schlotthauer, Carlos Marcelo Pais
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction : The Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA ) is highly prevalent in the population and the gold standard  for diagnosis is polysomnography (PSG ). This is not always available, so a validated alternative to find and to treat severe cases is the use of simplified studies at home.  1   Translational medicine is the transfer of basic science to the medical practice from the translation of scientific findings or developments made in laboratories to products or methodologies using everyday in medical practice.   Objective:  Develop a diagnostic home device that uses an automatic algorithm from the pulse oximetry signal (SaO2).   Materials and methods : We designed a hardware, with an automatic algorithm that uses the SaO2 signal. We create an Oxygen Desaturation Index ( ODI) that estimated an apnea / hypopnea index (AHI ) was compared with AHI calculated by an expert in 25 studies PSG and then compared with the AHI calculated automatically in 80 records obtained with a validated polygraph, the ApneaLink ® ( AL). SaO2 signals were analyzed with the two detection techniques that we named M1 and M2. 2 We have begun to use the hardware with this algorithm in people.   Results:  The Area Under Curve (AUC) for ODI M1/IAH PSG was 0,97. The AUC for ODI M2/ IAH PSG: 0,94. The AUC for ODI (AL) /IAH (AL) was 0,92 (0,85 - 0,96). The AUC for ODI M1/IAH AL was 0,94 (0,87-0,97) and the AUC for IDH M2/ IAH AL was 0,95 (0,88 – 0,98).   Conclusions:  There is a good correlation between AHI estimated by the new hardware and algorithm compared to PSG and PR. The hardware works properly with this algorithm.This is an example of translational medicine in sleep medicine.
Safety of Infusing Ipilimumab Over 30 Minutes
Authors: Parisa Momtaz, Vivian Park, Katherine S. Panageas, Michael A. Postow, Margaret Callahan, Jedd D. Wolchok, Paul B. Chapman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

The approved dose of ipilimumab is 3 mg/kg infused over 90 minutes; however, in clinical trials, 10 mg/kg has also been infused over 90 minutes. At this higher dose, patients receive 3 mg/kg within the first 27 minutes of treatment. We sought to determine whether the standard dose of 3 mg/kg could be safely infused over 30 minutes.We reviewed retrospectively the incidence of infusion-related reactions (IRRs) to ipilimumab at our institution in patients receiving doses of either 3 or 10 mg/kg infused over 90 minutes. Our findings led to a change in institutional guidelines for ipilimumab infusion time from 90 minutes to 30 minutes. We reviewed the first 14 months of our prospective experience using a 30-minute infusion of ipilimumab.Between April 1, 2008, and June 30, 2013, 595 patients received 2,507 doses of ipilimumab infused at either 3 mg/kg (n = 457) or 10 mg/kg (n = 138) over 90 minutes. Although the 10 mg/kg group had a higher incidence of IRRs (4.3%) than the 3 mg/kg group (2.2%), this difference was not statistically significant (P = .22). In 120 patients treated prospectively with ipilimumab 3 mg/kg infused over 30 minutes, seven patients (5.8%) had an IRR (P = .06 compared with 90-minute infusions). All IRRs occurred at dose 2; six were grade 2, and one was grade 3. All seven patients received subsequent doses of ipilimumab safely, the majority with premedication.Ipilimumab at 3 mg/kg can be infused safely over 30 minutes with an acceptably low incidence of IRRs. After an IRR, patients can safely receive additional doses of ipilimumab with premedication.
Reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast quality-of-life instrument.
Authors: M J Brady, D F Cella, F Mo, A E Bonomi, D S Tulsky, S R Lloyd, S Deasy, M Cobleigh, G Shiomoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE This is the first published report on the validation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B), a 44-item self-report instrument designed to measure multidimensional quality of life (QL) in patients with breast cancer. The FACT-B consists of the FACT-General (FACT-G) plus the Breast Cancer Subscale (BCS), which complements the general scale with items specific to QL in breast cancer. The FACT-B was developed with an emphasis on patients' values and brevity and is available in nine languages. METHODS AND RESULTS Two validation samples were used for this report. The first (n = 47) was tested twice over a 2-month period to assess sensitivity to change. Significant sensitivity to change in performance status rating (PSR) was demonstrated for the FACT-B total score, the Physical Well-Being (PWB) subscale, the Functional Well-Being (FWB) subscale, and the BCS. Sensitivity to change in QL as measured by the Functional Living Index-Cancer (FLIC) was documented in the FACT-B total score, PWB, FWB, and Emotional Well-Being (EWB). Additional validity and reliability data were obtained from a larger sample (n = 295). The alpha coefficient (internal consistency) for the FACT-B total score was high (alpha = .90), with subscale alpha coefficients ranging from .63 to .86. Evidence supported test-retest reliability, as well as convergent, divergent, and known groups validity. CONCLUSION The FACT-B is appropriate for use in oncology clinical trials, as well as in clinical practice. It demonstrates ease of administration, brevity, reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change.
Non-small-cell lung cancer: should unresectable stage III patients routinely receive high-dose radiation therapy?
Authors: D G Payne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Non-small-cell lung cancer patients who have unresectable mediastinal disease have a poor prognosis regardless of therapy administered. The various rationales for high-dose radiation therapy with curative intent are reviewed in the context of treatment results reported in the literature. The case for a dose-cure relationship in a clinically practical dose range must be considered unproven. On the other hand, the evidence for dose-response effects suggests that higher dosages could result in improved quality of life. There is a need to further refine reproducible criteria, both anatomic (such as mediastinal involvement) and non-anatomic (such as performance status), to permit more appropriate selection of patients for high-dose treatment. Studies involving less rather than more treatment with appropriate endpoints might be both ethical and appropriate.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in adults with Burkitt's lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first complete remission.
Authors: X Troussard, V Leblond, M Kuentz, N Milpied, J P Jouet, C Cordonnier, M Leporrier, J P Vernant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

The prognosis of adults with Burkitt's lymphoma is very poor and depends on initial CNS and/or bone marrow involvement. We report results in nine adult patients with CNS (n = 9) and/or bone marrow involvement (n = 7) treated in first complete remission (CR) with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). CNS treatment before the conditioning regimen consisted of cranial irradiation at 15 Gy (n = 8) and intrathecal chemotherapy (n = 9). The conditioning regimen included cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation (TBI) in a single dose. No postgraft CNS prophylaxis was administered. At the present time, seven patients are alive and disease-free at 18, 23, 44, 47, 54, 54, and 59 months. Two patients died at 14 and 7 months from transfusion-related acquired immune deficiency syndrome and bacterial septicemia and were disease-free at the time of their death. These preliminary results should encourage the use of BMT. A prospective randomized trial is warranted to further specify and investigate the advantages of allogeneic BMT versus conventional chemotherapy.