tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gossypol inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma in vitro
Authors: Beng R. Fuh, Chun-Liang Chen, Shoameng Wang, Jiayuh Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4727   Background: Resistance to apoptosis is one of the major mechanisms through which cancer cells evade chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Bcl-2 and Bcl- xL have been shown to induce anti- apoptosis by heterodimerising with pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bad or Bax. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are over expressed in several cancers. Targeting these molecules may provide novel therapeutic options in fighting certain cancers. Gossypol, a non peptide small molecule has been shown to bind Bcl-xL and bcl-2 and induce cell death in certain adult cancer cell lines. The exact mechanism of cell death induced by gossypol or its effects on pediatric cancers has not been studied. Objective: To study the effects of (-) gossypol on rhabdomyosarcoma in vitro, delineate the mechanisms of gossypol induced cell death and to evaluate if (-) gossypol enhances chemotherapy induced cell death. Design/methods: Embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines were cultured in DMEM overnight. Different concentrations of (-) gossypol dissolved in DMSO were added and analysis done after 24, 48 and 72 hours. DMSO and DMEM served as controls. Cell viability with MTT assay and analysis of proteins of interest using immunoflorescence staining and western blot were done. Data analysis and graphic presentation were done with microsoft excel. Materials: RH30 (alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell line), RD2 (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line), (-) gossypol, DMSO, DMEM culture medium, 92, 12 , 6 wells and 20cm cell culture plates, cleaved caspase 3, 8 and 9 antibodies and MTT assays. Results: At a concentration of 5 micromolar, (-) gossypol inhibits cell proliferation and induces significant cell death as early as 24 hours post treatment. At a concentration of 10 micromolar, there is complete cell death at 72 hours post treatment. These effects are similar for both RH30 and RD2 cell lines. Cell death is via apoptosis as evidenced by caspase 3 cleavage. Controls with medium only and DMSO show continued cell propliferation with no significant cell death. Conclusion: (-) gossypol induces cell death in rhabdomyosarcoma in vitro. The effect of combined therapy with traditional chemotherapy needs further studies both in vitro and in vivo. If this effect is proven in vivo without significant adverse effects, gossypol has the potential to become an important component in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma and other cancers that over express Bcl 2 family anti apoptotic proteins.
CDC Unveils SARS Plan
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BTS Guidelines for the Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Childhood
Journal: Thorax (2002)

These guidelines have been replaced by 2011 Guideline: BTS Guidelines for the Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Childhood Superseded By 2011 Guideline: BTS Guidelines for the Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Childhood. Thorax 2002 May; 57(Suppl 1): 1–24.
Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with vitamin E
Authors: M F Egan, T M Hyde, G W Albers, A Elkashef, R C Alexander, A Reeve, A Blum, R E Saenz, R J Wyatt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), a free-radical scavenger, has been reported to improve symptoms of tardive dyskinesia. The authors attempted to replicate this finding under more controlled conditions in a larger study group.Fifteen inpatients and six outpatients with tardive dyskinesia received up to 1600 IU/day of vitamin E for 6 weeks in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) examinations of these patients were videotaped and rated independently by two trained raters. Levels of neuroleptic medication and vitamin E were measured during both treatment periods. Eighteen patients who demonstrated high blood levels of vitamin E were included in the data analysis.Vitamin E levels were significantly higher while the patients were receiving vitamin E than while they were receiving placebo. For all 18 patients, there were no significant differences between AIMS scores after receiving vitamin E and AIMS scores after receiving placebo. In agreement with previous studies, however, the nine patients who had had tardive dyskinesia for 5 years or less had significantly lower AIMS scores after receiving vitamin E than after receiving placebo. There were no changes in neuroleptic levels during vitamin E treatment.Vitamin E had a minor beneficial effect on tardive dyskinesia ratings in a selected group of patients who had had tardive dyskinesia for 5 years or less. This effect was not due to an increase in blood levels of neuroleptic medications.
“Futility” Is a Failed Concept in Medical Decision Making: Its Use Should Be Abandoned
Authors: John J. Paris, Andrew Hawkins
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

The thesis of Dr. Geppert's target article (2015) is that “futility” in psychiatry is a concept whose time has not yet come. As Helft and colleagues (2000) observed in their essay on “The Rise and ...
Immunosuppression is an independent prognostic factor associated with aggressive tumor behavior in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Tracy Donahue, Christina Y. Lee, Asmi Sanghvi, Roxana Obregon, Michael Sidiropoulos, Chelsea Cooper, Emily A. Merkel, Oriol Yélamos, Laura Ferris, Pedram Gerami
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Personal paper Africa in the 21st century: can despair be turned to hope?
Authors: D. E Logie, S. R Benatar
Journal: BMJ (1997)

We present a case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting in a 35-year-old Saudi lady with long survival. She responded to treatment with intermittent cyclophosphamide infusion in addition to corticosteroids. This is the first case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis to be reported in the Arab world. The prolonged survival and response to intermittent cyclophosphamide infusion is discussed.
Rationing
Authors: J. N Rao, C Worth, S. J Ellis, S. Heasell
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—Klein acknowledges that rationing is “inescapably a political process,”1 yet he accepts “muddling through,”2 albeit elegantly, as a way out of the dilemma. The practice of muddling through—for which read ad hoc decision making by unelected managers and doctors—is, however, far from elegant. In a paper at the conference to which Klein refers I pointed out that the present fudge has several drawbacks and that NHS managers and doctors should have nothing to do with rationing until elected politicians take firm decisions. (J N Rao, international conference on priorities in healthcare, London, October 1998).

The more successfully we contain rising demand without stoking public unrest the less is the pressure on elected politicians to reconsider the overall resources directed at health care. If politicians took the decisions they would be compelled to view them as part of a wider state policy that included taxation, spending on other services, and new ways of raising revenues.

Managers ration within an arbitrarily defined budget and according to its dictates. Managers in charge of the drug budget may deny a patient an effective treatment; meanwhile, at the same time elsewhere in the district, another budget may be spent on less worthwhile pursuits. This is inherently inefficient.

Health officials are not directly accountable to the population they are supposed to serve. Their main pressure to ration is to balance the books; their chief criterion is simply that public protest must not reach unmanageable levels. The only recourse open to aggrieved members of the public is to seek judicial review—a lengthy and expensive process.3

No agreed rational basis for rationing services exists. Klein acknowledges this. Partly it is because no agreement exists about the fundamental purpose of a state funded healthcare system such as the NHS. If politicians had to decide on rationing issues they would have first to lead a debate on this most fundamental of questions.

It is a myth that muddling through is working. What has really happened is that ad hoc decisions, determined mainly by budgetary considerations, have led to widespread inequalities in access, a general decline in quality,4 and arbitrary and inefficient allocation of resources, determined mainly by the need to generate as little public disquiet as possible. Thus most managers’ lists of rationed services include the same items, such as in vitro fertilisation and gender reassignment surgery.

Muddling through isn’t working. Politics is about making choices. So is rationing. If elected politicians refrain from making decisions about rationing then NHS managers and doctors should not fill the vacuum.
Risk factors for PTSD-related traumatic events: a prospective analysis
Authors: N Breslau, G C Davis, P Andreski
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors previously identified suspected risk factors for traumatic events related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on the basis of data gathered retrospectively. In this study, they tested that model prospectively.A random sample of 1,200 persons was drawn from all 21- to 30-year-old members of a large health maintenance organization. In 1989, 1,007 of these persons were interviewed, and suspected risk factors were measured. In 1992, 979 were reinterviewed, and the 3-year incidence of exposure to traumatic events was ascertained.Nineteen percent of the sample reported traumatic events during the 3-year follow-up. A history of past exposure to traumatic events signaled an increase in the liability to exposure during follow-up, independent of suspected risk factors. Two predictors of exposure, neuroticism and extroversion, identified retrospectively, also predicted exposure prospectively. The odds for exposure among males and persons with less than a college education were marginally significant. Early misconduct and a family history of psychiatric disorder-predictors of exposure in the retrospective data-were not significant predictors at 3-year follow-up. Blacks had a higher incidence of exposure during follow-up than whites. An exploratory reanalysis suggested that the discrepancy between the retrospective and prospective results may be explained by the inclusion of childhood exposure in the lifetime retrospective inquiry.The assumption that PTSD-related traumatic events are random phenomena was unsupported. Among young adults, those with less education, blacks, and those with high neuroticism and extroversion scores are more likely than others to be exposed to traumatic events and are thus at greater risk for PTSD.
Impact of Coronary Artery Calcium Scanning on Coronary Risk Factors and Downstream Testing
Authors: Alan Rozanski, Heidi Gransar, Leslee J. Shaw, Johanna Kim, Lisa Miranda-Peats, Nathan D. Wong, Jamal S. Rana, Raza Orakzai, Sean W. Hayes, John D. Friedman, Louise E.J. Thomson, Donna Polk, James Min, Matthew J. Budoff, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract 16239: Association Between Coronary Arterial Dominance and Mortality in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: John Michael S Chua Chiaco, Robert Wolf, Sharon-Lise Normand, Eric Rosenthal, Murray Mittleman, Joseph Carrozza, Ann Lovett, Kalon Ho, Nisha Parikh
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Left or co-dominant coronary arterial circulation may provide less favorable myocardial perfusion compared to a right dominant system, resulting in increased short- and long- term mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Objectives: We sought to study whether left or co-dominance versus right conferred worse in-hospital, 30 day, and 1 year mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ACS. Methods: Using the Massachussets Data Analysis Center database, we studied 14,499 persons with ACS undergoing PCI between April 1, 2003 and December 31, 2004 in all the acute care, non-Federal hospitals in Massachusetts. Coronary dominance was determined by PCI operator. Logistic regression analysis was performed in unadjusted and multivariable adjusted models. Covariates included age, gender, race, ACS event, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Results: Having either left or co-dominant circulation vs. right was associated with increased in-hospital, 30-day, and 1-year mortality (Ta...
Mutations in SFTPC, SFTPA2 and TERT explain 60% of familial pulmonary fibrosis and correlate to specific disease phenotypes
Authors: Coline van Moorsel, Joanne van der Vis, Matthijs van Oosterhout, Henk Ruven, Pim de Jong, Wouter van Es, Jules van den Bosch, Jan Grutters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease, histologically characterized by diffuse interstitial remodeling and patchy inflammation. A significant percentage of IPF patients have a familial form of the disease. Separate reports have identified mutations in Surfactant Protein-C (SFTPC), Surfactant Protein-A2 (SFTPA2), Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) or Telomerase RNA component (TERC) in these families.  We determined the frequency of mutations in SFTPC, SFTPA2, TERT and TERC in 20 patients with Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis (FPF).  Heterozygous non-tolerated sequence changes were detected in 12 out of 20 patients, consisting of 5 SFTPC, 2 SFTPA2 and 5 TERT mutations. Mutations segregated with disease in each family and haplotype analysis showed that identical mutations had arisen independently. Families with SFTPC and SFTPA2 mutations always had evidence of parent-offspring disease transmission, while in families with TERT mutation sibs were affected. Pediatric pulmonary disease occurred only in families with SFTPC mutations. Carriers of an SFTPA2 mutation also suffered from lung cancer. Families with a TERT mutation usually presented as typical IPF and did not show clear symptons associated with other known syndromes of telomere shortening.  This is the first report of a cohort of IPF families that is completely sequenced for candidate genes. We could identify a mutation in 60% of patients with FPF. These mutations correlated with a specific disease phenotype. The function of each of the mutated genes is very different, but all indicate towards a central role for the alveolar type II cell in disease pathogenesis.
Risk factors, quality of life and six minute walk test in heart failure
Authors: Debora Scheucher, Paulo Lopes, Renata Vilas Boas, Lucio Araujo, Elmiro Resende, Celia Lopes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome with multiple risk factors involved in its genesis, making its prevention and management difficult to achieve.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of patients with HF as risk factors and comorbidities, and whether these factors are related to the distance walked in the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and quality of life (QOL) by the questionnaires, SF-36 and Minnesota (MLHFQ).

Methods: Were studied 17 patients (10 men and 7 women) diagnosed with HF FC I-II (NYHA), with a mean age of 55 ± 13 years, and the main etiology was chagasic cardiomyopathy (41.17%). The risk factors were investigated in medical records, followed by two 6MWT with a 30-minute interval between them; the SF-36 and MLHFQ were applied. For statistical analysis were used Shapiro-Wilk, Two way variance analysis and Tukey’s post hoc or nonparametric variance and post hoc; Student's t test and Pearson’s correlation.

Results: Arterial hypertension and physical inactivity (76.47%), history of smoking (70.58%), dyslipidemia (47.05%) and diabetes (23.52%) were the main risk factors; 47.05% showed 3-4 comorbidities per subject. The analysis of distance (d) related to age (p=0.13) and body mass index (p=0.87) showed no significant difference. By correlating the SF-36 with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the highlight was for physical aspect (rd=-0.38, p=0.12; rLVEF=0.43, p=0.08) and emotional (rd=-0.36, p=0.15; rLVEF=0.37, p=0.14).

Conclusions: The 6MWT showed a weak correlation with the risk factors and QOL in this group with HF (NYHA I-II), although it was possible to find high occurrence of multiple risk factors in this population, indicating the need for action to reduce their worsen.
Controversies in Management: Dietary treatments for obesity are ineffective
Authors: C S Wooley, D M Garner
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Prevalence ofobesity (body mass >30 kg/m2) in a representative 0 16-24 25-34 3544 45-54 55-65 sample ofBritish population in 1980 , 1987, and 1991P Age (years) , and 1991P Age (years) approach is required.Firstly, the Health Education Authority should publicise the level at which being overweight becomes a medical (rather than a cosmetic) problem: this occurs at a Quetelet's index of some- where between 25 and 30.Secondly, non-profit making but self financing slimming groups, led by state registered dietitians, should be set up as part of the health education service for overweight people.Such groups have been shown to be practicable and effective for the past 15 years in the Harrow health district.6Thirdly, the group leader should be able to refer members of the group who present special problems to a hospital specialist for further investiga- tion, advice, or treatment.I have been running a hospital obesity clinic for more than 20 years: it operates inefficiently because most of the patients have not previously had proper dietary advice.If they had been filtered through a well run slimming group many would not have needed to come, and (for those who needed referral) time would have been saved by not having to start from scratch with dietary management.The objective is to lose 0-5-1-0 kg/week by a combination of restricted energy intake (dieting) and increased energy output (exercise) and to maintain the reduced weight indefinitely.Methods by which this may be achieved are discussed elsewhere.7Obesity is often treated badly.The solution is not to pretend it does not matter but to treat it well.
Abstract 4862: Structural, Functional, and Clinical Manifestations of Hypertensive Heart Disease: Predicted by Determinants of Myocardial Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Composition
Authors: Michael R Zile, Francis G Spinale, Robert E Stroud, Sheila Thompson, Catherine M McClure, Christine N Koval, John M Mulcahy, Rachael L Ford, Theresa A Brinsa, Rupak Mukherjee
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Chronic arterial hypertension (HTN) may cause left ventricular (LV) remodeling, alterations in cardiac function, and the development of chronic heart failure (CHF). Changes in the composition of the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) are causally related to these structural, functional, and clinical outcomes and may be determined by the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMPs). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the structural and functional manifestations of HTN are associated with a specific pattern of plasma MMP and TIMP expression. Plasma concentration of MMP-2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and TIMP-1, 2, 3, 4, an echocardiogram, and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed on 88 subjects with controlled HTN (requiring medication and meeting JNCVII guidelines but without non-cardiac organ disease, valvular or ischemic heart disease, recent surgery, or an ejection fraction < 45%) and 62 age and gender matched control subjects (CTL) with no evidence ...
Psychophysiologic assessment of traumatic imagery in Israeli civilian patients with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: A Y Shalev, S P Orr, R K Pitman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

This study used a script-driven imagery technique, previously used with combat veterans, to assess physiologic responses of Israeli survivors of noncombat traumas.Each subject had experienced an event meeting DSM-III-R criterion A for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The subjects were classified on the basis of the full DSM-III-R criteria into a current PTSD group (N = 13) and a non-PTSD group (N = 13). Thirty-second scripts describing each subject's personal traumatic event, as well as other events, were prepared. The scripts incorporated subjective visceral and muscular responses reported to have accompanied each experience. In the laboratory, the scripts were read one at a time to the subject, who was instructed to imagine each event portrayed as vividly as possible, while heart rate, skin conductance, and left lateral frontalis electromyogram levels were measured.Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that the physiologic responses of the PTSD subjects during imagery of their personal traumatic experiences were significantly greater than those of the non-PTSD subjects. This difference was not explained by age, gender, or rated severity of the traumatic event. A physiologic discriminant function derived from previously studied Vietnam veterans correctly classified nine of the 13 PTSD subjects (sensitivity = 69%) and 10 of the 13 non-PTSD subjects (specificity = 77%).These results replicate previous findings of heightened physiologic responses during personal combat imagery in male American war veterans and extend them to a group of male and female Israeli civilian victims of trauma, supporting the robustness of physiologic responding during personal traumatic imagery as a measure of PTSD.
Abstract 5761: Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: The Role of Microbubbles and Gadolinium-Labeled Microbubbles in Imaging after Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Daniel Anderson, Rajeev Anchan, Michael Johnston, Michael Duryee, Feng Xie, Geoffrey Thiele, Lynell Klassen, Michael Boska, Thomas Porter
Journal: Circulation (2008)

BACKGROUND: Perfluorocarbon exposed sonicated dextrose albumin (PESDA) microbubbles bind injured vascular endothelium and can be non-invasively imaged. Scavenger receptors are; regulators of innate immune responses, expressed on endothelial cells, and upregulated during vascular injury and repair. These receptors are involved in cell signaling, initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and restenosis. In this study, the nature of PESDA and Gadolinium (Gd)-labeled PESDA binding in angioplastied aortic tissue was investigated. METHODS: Abdominal aortic tissues in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=4 –5 per group) were analyzed by: 1) Real-time RT-PCR for the expression of scavenger receptors [SRA, CD36, oxidized LDL receptor (OLDLr), SRB-1, SRA, Toll-2, and 4] that may bind PESDA. Ultrasound (U/S), 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to evaluate PESDA binding. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Real-time RT-PCR demonstrated an up-regulation in the mRNA of CD36, OLDLr, S...