tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
9/11: Mental Health in the Wake of Terrorist Attacks ; Are We Ready? Public Health since 9/11
Authors: Daniel Barnett
Journal: BMJ (2006)

www.ucpress.edu 

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Terrorism's primary target has always been the psyche, not the body. Destruction of life and property is simply its vehicle for inflicting broader, long lasting harm to the mental health of populations. The 11 September 2001 terror attacks in the United States were no exception to this centuries old principle. However, their nature and scope were without precedent on American soil, and have exerted a singular impact on the research and practice of disaster mental health. The influence of the attacks on this nascent field receives worthy treatment in 9 /11: Mental Health in the Wake of Terrorist Attacks , which attempts to document and critically examine the wide ranging mental health response. 

In the book, leading researchers offer candid, behind the scenes insights into their own efforts in conducting mental health studies in the wake of 9/11. Vividly described profiles of large scale mental health interventions after 9/11, such as New York City's project liberty and the Pentagon's operation solace, offer remarkable examples of ingenuity and collaboration and contain heartbreaking stories of trauma and loss. To their …
Prognostic and Predictive Value of HER2 Extracellular Domain in Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated With Lapatinib and Paclitaxel in a Randomized Phase III Study
Authors: Richard S. Finn, Robert Gagnon, Angelo Di Leo, Michael F. Press, Michael Arbushites, Maria Koehler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose The HER2 extracellular domain (ECD) is enzymatically cleaved from the cell membrane. Shed ECD in serum has been studied as both prognostic and predictive markers. Lapatinib is a dual inhibitor of HER2 and epidermal growth factor receptor kinases. We examined the prognostic and predictive role of HER2 ECD in a randomized trial of paclitaxel with placebo or lapatinib in women with HER2-negative or -unknown breast cancer. Patients and Methods Patients (n = 579) with newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer (MBC) were randomly assigned to paclitaxel with placebo or lapatinib. HER2 status was determined centrally. ECD was centrally measured by enzyme linked immunoassay in available samples at baseline (b; n = 472), week 9, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Results were correlated to overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Elevated baseline ECD (bECD) levels (≥ 16 ng/mL) did not predict HER2 tumor status (sensitivity, 62%; specificity, 75%). In HER2-negative tumors, elevated bECD was not correlated with improved efficacy for lapatinib plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel (ORR: odds ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.1 to 3.8; P = .365; PFS: hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.47; P = .797). ECD levels tended to decrease over time when bECD was elevated. ECD conversion from low to high was associated with worse PFS. Converting from high to low was associated with a better PFS. A consistently low ECD level had better PFS than a consistently elevated ECD. All associations were found to be independent of lapatinib. Conclusion HER2 bECD does not predict lapatinib benefit in patients with HER2-negative MBC. Changes in ECD status correlates with patient outcome regardless of treatment given. Measuring HER2 ECD is not currently recommended for predicting benefit to lapatinib.
Echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve size in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Anatomic validation from mitral valve specimen.
Authors: H G Klues, M A Proschan, A L Dollar, P Spirito, W C Roberts, B J Maron
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, obstruction to left ventricular outflow is produced by systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. In many of these patients, the mitral leaflets are elongated and increased in overall size. Mitral valve size may be responsible, in part, for the presence and magnitude of the outflow gradient and the pattern of systolic anterior motion of the leaflets. It may also influence the effectiveness of ventricular septal myotomy-myectomy in relieving subaortic obstruction. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine whether mitral valve dimensions could be assessed in quantitative terms from the echocardiogram in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS A group of 37 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was selected for this study by virtue of having a high-quality transthoracic or intraoperative echocardiogram suitable for certain quantitative measurements from stop-frame images as well as a morphologically intact mitral valve specimen (removed during surgery). Seven measurements of mitral valve dimensions were obtained from the two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiograms. A univariate regression analysis identified the mitral valve opening area as the best single predictor of actual mitral leaflet area measured from the specimen (r2 = .75; r = .87). The linear relation between mitral valve opening area as assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography and actual mitral leaflet area measured from the mitral valve specimen accounted for approximately 75% of the variability in mitral leaflet area. With such statistical models, it was possible to reliably identify from the echocardiogram enlarged mitral valves (&gt; or = 12.0 cm2) in 16 of 19 patients (84%) and normal-sized valves in 15 of 18 patients (83%). CONCLUSIONS In a selected group of patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a model derived from a regression analysis of quantitative echocardiographic measurements permitted (with good precision) estimation of actual mitral leaflet area and consequently overall mitral valve size and the discrimination of enlarged from normal-sized mitral valves.
(15) Persistent trichophyton tonsurans infection
Authors: R.P. Warin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article (15) Persistent trichophyton tonsurans infection Get access R.P. Warin R.P. Warin Bristol Royal Infirmary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue s15, 1 December 1977, Page 48, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14323.x Published: 01 December 1977
Abstract 2221: Dimerization and DNA binding specificities unravelled by the structure of MITF
Authors: Vivian Pogenberg, Margret H. Ogmundsdottir, Kristin Bergsteinsdottir, Morlin Milewski, Viktor Deineko, Bengt Phung, Alexander Schepsky, Keith Hoek, Matthias Wilmanns, Eirikur Steingrimsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The regulatory protein MITF (microphthalmia associated transcription factor) is essential for melanocyte development and acts as a master regulator of this cell type. Mice carrying loss-of-function mutations in Mitf lack melanocytes altogether and in humans, MITF mutations result in the pigmentation and deafness syndromes Waardenburg and Tietz. In melanoma, MITF plays a critical role as a lineage-survival oncogene and may act as a molecular switch downstream of the Braf pathway, determining whether the cells proliferate or form metastasis. Here we describe the crystal structure of MITF in presence and absence of DNA and use complementary functional experiments to show that Isoleucine 212 of the basic region is critical for discriminating between target sequences. The structures also reveal a kink between the second helix and the Leucine Zipper of MITF which has not been described in other related proteins. This kink is due to a shift in the heptad repeats of the Zipper region and is important for selection of dimerization partners. Our results provide new and important insights into the mechamisms of MITF mediated transcription regulation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2221. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2221
Academic Scientists and the Pharmaceutical Induṡtry: Cooperative Research in Twentieth-Century America
Authors: Louis Lasagna
Journal: JAMA (1988)

While scientific collaboration between academia and industry is perhaps excessively discussed these days, this book is a welcome departure because it tackles, with great success, an unhackneyed topic: collaborative research between universities and the pharmaceutical industry in America during the period between the two world wars. It was a time critical for both sectors, when basic research was taking root in many institutions, and industry was building its own research base. Swann's account helps explain why this type of collaboration became taken for granted after World War II. A fascinating parade of remarkable men marches through the pages of this book (women are hardly to be found; there are only two female names in the index): Ernest Volwiler of Abbott; Max Tishler, Karl Folkers, and Hans Molitor of Merck; George Harrop, Harry Van Dyke, and John F. Anderson of Squibb; John Krantz of Sharp and Dohme; and K. K. Chen
Guidelines underestimate US cervical cancer rates and older women's risk, study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Rates of invasive cervical cancer in the United States may be considerably higher than generally thought and may continue to rise after age 65—the age at which many guidelines say that screening may be stopped—a new study says.1 The study also found wide differences in these rates between racial groups.

Previous estimates of invasive cervical cancer rates in the US have included in the “at risk” population women who had had a hysterectomy—even though in almost all hysterectomies the cervix is removed, eliminating a woman’s risk of developing this type of cancer. The prevalence of hysterectomy among women aged over 20 in the US is 20.1%.

In the new study, published early online by the journal Cancer, researchers …
Treatment of Niemann-Pick disease type B by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: A Vellodi, J R Hobbs, N M O'Donnell, B S Coulter, K Hugh-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Allogenic bone marrow transplantation was carried out on a 3 year old girl with Niemann-Pick disease type B. Successful engraftment was achieved, and nine months after the procedure there was definite clearing of the sphingomyelin from the liver and pronounced clearing from the bone marrow. Any patient with Niemann-Pick disease type B complicated by early or severe hepatic impairment should be considered for bone marrow transplantation.
Mechanisms of excitation-contraction coupling studied using the principle of transient perturbation
Authors: M I M Noble, P Arlock, J Gath, N Grainger, U Ravens, B Wohlfart
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

We have studied the responses to a brief interruption of a train of steady state beats, namely: (1) a single prolonged depolarisation within the train; (2) a single short interval within the train; (3) a single long interval within the train. These responses are predicted by a two compartment model of intracellular calcium handling. They are characterised by the following phenomena. (1) Prolongation of one depolarisation/action potential in the steady state train causes potentiation of the following beat. We postulate on the basis of the published evidence that this may be due to "reversed" sodium/calcium exchange during late systole leading to extra calcium entry during the prolonged depolarisation. (2) Postextrasystole potentiation is postulated to share this mechanism when a depolarisation (extrasystole) is introduced immediately after one of the steady state depolarisations (single short interval). The postextrasystolic beat is then potentiated. (3) A single short interval during the steady state train also leads to attenuation of contractile force on the beat immediately after the short interval, that is, the extrasystole. Mechanical restitution is the term applied to the recovery of this force with increasing interval. This consists of two phases. The initial rapid phase is ryanodine and caffeine insensitive, indicating possible independence of sarcoplasmic reticular function. We postulate that a "membrane compartment" of internal calcium may be responsible. The second, slower, phase of mechanical restitution is ryanodine and caffeine sensitive, indicating that it is likely to be a property of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Health-Care System for the Elderly
Authors: Valery A. Portnoi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Because the number of elderly persons is increasing, society is searching for new approaches to their medical care. A recent nationwide forum of political leaders stressed society's concern about the increasing cost of caring for the elderly.1 Medical expenses comprise a substantial proportion of this care. However, the health of the elderly has not measurably improved despite the increase in health-care spending resulting from the introduction of Medicare.Services for the elderly are incomplete, often duplicative and not efficiently responsive to the needs of the elderly. Physician services, health care and health status form complex relations. Analysis of these relations . . .
Drug Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Theodore K. Kyle, Joseph Nadglowski
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The blackboard anatomist
Authors: A. Harris
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Since the early 19th century blackboard teaching has been an important practice in medical schools, building on the work of celebrated artistic anatomists such as London’s Charles Bell.1 I was lucky enough to be taught by another great blackboard anatomist, Peter Lisowski. As first year medical students at the University of Tasmania we would enter his lectures with only a blank blackboard in front of us—no printouts or PowerPoint slides. In a shaking but precise hand he would start to draw, …
Italy sets up national palliative care service
Authors: F. Turone
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Managing pain will be easier for Italian doctors after a long awaited law on palliative care was unanimously approved by the Italian parliament last week.

The new law, hailed by doctors and patients’ associations as an important milestone, creates two national networks—one for treatment of pain and one for palliative care—with the aim of ensuring that patients all over the country, including children, get the same levels of care.

Surveys show that Italy lags behind many other countries in palliative care. Consumption of opiates per person is still among the lowest in Europe, …
Isolated Fluoroscopy
Authors: Robert S. Sherman, William G. Cahan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

ISOLATED fluoroscopy is a term applied to the use of routine fluoroscopy as the sole method of x-ray examination, unaccompanied by regular films. It is utilized to detect or confirm the presence of disease or to observe its progress. It is one of the very widespread diagnostic measures in American medicine today, for recent statistics1 2 3 4 show that about 50 per cent of the 58,000 general practitioners own x-ray equipment of some type, of which half are fluoroscopic machines alone. When it is considered that approximately 55 per cent of all fluoroscopic examinations are carried out by nonradiologists (30 per cent . . .
A RAPID METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BLOOD EOSINOPHILIA
Authors: Townsend B. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In the diagnosis and study of the various allergic states it is frequently desirable to know the blood picture, especially the eosinophil count. The ordinary smear method, in which 200 or more cells are counted, is a time-consuming process and the chance for an error in the eosinophil count is great. Moreover, the result gives only the percentage of eosinophils in the number of cells counted. The method described here gives the number of eosinophils per unit volume of blood, is rapid and at the same time gives the leukocyte count.  Blood is collected in the usual manner for the blood count, accurately calibrated white cell pipets being used. In place of the usual acetic acid diluting fluid the following fluid, which is the modification of Camara and Alvarez 1 of that described by von Domarus, 2 is employed:    The count is made in the usual manner in the ordinary
Relationship of intramyocardial oxygen tension and epicardial ST segment changes following acute coronary artery ligation: effects of coronary perfusion pressure
Authors: C. S. ANGELL, E. G. LAKATTA, M. L. WEISFELDT, N. W. SHOCK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

The relationship between the magnitude of epicardial ST-segment elevation and intramyocardial oxygen tension after coronary artery ligation was examined in 11 dogs at various coronary perfusion pressures. The ST map significantly reflected local intramyocardial oxygen tension, and the level of coronary perfusion pressure proved to be an important determinant of both local myocardial oxygen balance and the magnitude of ischaemic injury.
Ocular Findings in Patients With Histoplasmosis
Authors: Stephen S. Feman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome is a multifocal choroiditis; it is not an uncommon cause of visual loss in patients who have positive cutaneous responses to histoplasmin tests. However, Histoplasma capsulatum infection is, most often, a pulmonary disease, or a systemically disseminated disorder, without visual symptoms. For this reason, a correspondence between the nonocular and ocular aspects of this disorder has been difficult to ascertain. In a series of eight patients with histoplasmosis, we found asymptomatic ocular lesions in six. We believe that the presence of asymptomatic lesions may have prevented earlier investigators from recognizing this correlation.
Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: more than one disease process?
Authors: T J Crow
Journal: BMJ (1980)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> We have developed a generally applicable method based on CRISPR/Cas9-targeted ultra-long read sequencing (CTLR-Seq) to completely and haplotype-specifically resolve, at base-pair resolution, large, complex, and highly repetitive genomic regions that had been previously impenetrable to next-generation sequencing analysis such as large segmental duplication (SegDup) regions and their associated genome rearrangements that stretch hundreds of kilobases. Our method combines <i>in vitro</i> Cas9-mediated cutting of the genome and pulse-field gel electrophoresis to haplotype-specifically isolate intact large (200-550 kb) target regions that encompass previously unresolvable genomic sequences. These target fragments are then sequenced (amplification-free) to produce ultra-long reads at up to 40x on-target coverage using Oxford nanopore technology, allowing for the complete assembly of the complex genomic regions of interest at single base-pair resolution. We applied CTLR-Seq to resolve the exact sequence of SegDup rearrangements that constitute the boundary regions of the 22q11.2 deletion CNV and of the 16p11.2 deletion and duplication CNVs. These CNVs are among the strongest known risk factors for schizophrenia and autism. We then perform <i>de novo</i> assembly to resolve, for the first time, at single base-pair resolution, the sequence rearrangements of the 22q11.2 and 16p11.2 CNVs, mapping out exactly the genes and non-coding regions that are affected by the CNV for different carriers.
The patient's journey: rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Carol Simpson, Chloe Franks, Catherine Morrison, Heidi Lempp
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The mapRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic disorder of disturbed immunity that affects about 1% of adults in the United Kingdom.It typically develops in middle or late life and is three times more common in women than it is in men.It is characterised by joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, particularly of the small joints of the hands and feet.Its onset varies between gradual and acute.The classic pathological features include inflammation in the synovial lining joints and tendon sheaths.Patients feel sore, especially in the morning.Its natural course is variable, with disease severity changing over time, although in many patients there is increasing joint damage and functional disability.From the perspective of patients, pain, reduced mobility, fatigue, and psychological effects, such as depression, are the dominant concerns.In contrast, clinicians generally focus on measurable disease activity, along with radiographically identifiable progressive joint damage.They aim to achieve remission of the synovitis and to delay or limit functional disability, to minimise the effect on work participation and dependency on family, carers, and the health service.Optimal treatment is now seen to be care provided by a multidisciplinary team and includes education, advice, exercise, drug treatment, and joint surgery in late disease.Treatment options comprise analgesics, non-steroidal inflammatory drugs, disease modifying drugs such as methotrexate, steroids, and the new biologicals (for example, anti-tumour necrosis factor agents).Despite these various treatments, the key features of rheumatoid arthritis are the unpredictability of both the acute flare-ups and of how patients respond to the drugs.This means that control over the illness is often difficult and requires patients and professionals to continuously adapt to the disease state.
Role of the neodymium YAG laser in the management of tracheal tumours.
Authors: P J George, C P Garrett, M R Hetzel
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Twenty one patients with tracheal tumours (10 primary and 11 secondary) have been treated with the neodymium YAG laser under general anaesthesia. Fourteen of these patients presented with impending asphyxia and in 11 cases this was dramatically relieved with emergency laser treatment. The improvements in peak expiratory flow (PEF) ranged from 26% to 512%. The three patients who did not respond were immediately given other treatments but died in hospital. The remaining seven patients were not in severe respiratory distress and were treated electively; all were thought to have benefited from their treatment, the mean increase in PEF being 36%. The improvement obtained in the 11 patients who responded to emergency laser treatment provided time in which to assess the disease carefully and plan the most appropriate longer term management with surgery, radiotherapy, tracheal stenting, or repeat laser treatment. The patients who were treated electively have either not required further treatment of have been managed with repeat laser treatments alone. Laser treatment provides an excellent method of resuscitating patients with life threatening tracheal obstruction and enables subsequent management to be carefully planned. In some cases this longer term management should be with further laser treatment alone.