tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in reported sun bed use, sunburn, and sun care knowledge and attitudes in a U.K. region: results of a survey of the Northern Ireland population
Authors: R. Boyle, A.H. O’Hagan, D. Donnelly, C. Donnelly, S. Gordon, G. McElwee, A. Gavin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Sunburn and sun bed use increase risk of malignant melanoma, the incidence of which continues to rise.To document trends in reported sun bed use, sunburn, and sun care knowledge and attitudes in a U.K. region where there have been 20 years of sun-related health promotion campaigns.In 2000, 2004 and 2008, a 'care in the sun' module was included in the Northern Ireland (NI) Omnibus survey. Each year 2200 subjects aged 16 years and over were randomly selected and invited to complete a sun-related questionnaire. Proportions of respondents were analysed by demographic and socioeconomic factors, with differences tested using z-tests and the χ(2) -squared test.In total, 3623 persons responded (response rate 50-59%). Skin cancer knowledge in 2008 was high at 97%. Skin type reporting was inaccurate and since 2000 has become weighted towards the darker Fitzpatrick skin types IV and V (χ(2) = 21·5, P = 0·006). Reported sunburn rose over the 8-year period to 60% in 2008, with 39% of those aged 16-24 years reporting sunburn at least once in the previous year. Twenty per cent reported sun bed use in 2008, a fall from 28% in 2004 (P = 0·01), with greater reported use among those aged 16-24 years (24%) and among women (31% vs. 9% men, P < 0·001). Tanning was reported to make respondents feel healthier (42%) and more attractive (47%), with these attitudes more likely among young women.Skin cancer and sun care knowledge is good among the NI population but reported behaviours of sun bed use and sunburn pose risks for further rises in skin cancer. Barriers for future sun care campaigns to address include poorer sun care knowledge among men, poor skin type awareness, and women's attitudes regarding the health and attractiveness of tanning. Sun bed use, although high, has fallen, possibly in response to recent campaigns.
GENERALIZED XANTHOMATOSIS WITH PULMONARY, SKELETAL AND CEREBRAL MANIFESTATIONS: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: E R TROXLER, D NIEMETZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1946)

Case Reports1 December 1946GENERALIZED XANTHOMATOSIS WITH PULMONARY, SKELETAL AND CEREBRAL MANIFESTATIONS: REPORT OF A CASEEULYSS R. TROXLER, M.D., DAVID NIEMETZ, M.D.EULYSS R. TROXLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID NIEMETZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-25-6-960 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn recent literature there have appeared numerous case reports of lipoid granulomatosis or xanthomatosis with its varied clinical manifestations. Typical Hand-Schüller-Christian disease with its triad of symptoms, consisting of defects in membranous bones, exophthalmos and diabetes insipidus, is now considered as the craniohypophyseal localization of lipoid granulomatosis.1On the basis of pathological studies, Green and Farber2have concluded that eosinophilic or solitary granuloma of bone is one form of generalized xanthomatosis and not a new disease entity. These authors also describe Letterer-Siwe disease or reticulo-endotheliosis as the same pathological process seen in Hand-Schüller-Christian disease. Wherever there is reticulo-endothelium there can...Bibliography1. SNAPPER I: Medical clinics on bone diseases, 1943, Interscience Publishers Inc., New York, p. 151. Google Scholar2. GREENFARBER WTS: "Eosinophilic or solitary granuloma" of bone, Jr. Bone and Joint Surg., 1942, xxiv, 499. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication July 17, 1945.From the University of Southern California Medical School and the Los Angeles County General Hospital; aided by the Michael J. Connell Charities, Ltd. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA OF THE LUNG*JORDAN THOMPSON, M.D., HOWARD A. BUECHNER, M.D., F.A.C.P., RONALD FISHMAN, M.D.EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA OF THE LUNGEOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA (HONEYCOMB LUNG) WITH DIABETES INSIPIDUSEosinophilic granuloma of boneCutaneous Medicine 1 December 1946Volume 25, Issue 6Page: 960-968KeywordsBoneGranulomas ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1946 PDF downloadLoading ...
The cholesterol controversy.
Authors: D S Dock
Journal: Circulation (1990)

is reminiscent of a 1974 Circulation editorial by William Dock.2The disconcerting fact is that this controversy still is not dead.Steinberg's analysis of this enigma was thoughtful, thorough, and helpful for all physicians who are still faced with selling the lipid hypothesis to patients and colleagues.What is so puzzling is why we have to work so hard to sell the message given what seems to be an unbeatable amount of hard evidence.This continuing challenge is represented by a senior professor of medicine who asked me recently whether I really believed that cholesterol was so important in atherosclerosis and whether I thought that alteration of diet would really affect the course of the disease.Recently, an academic cardiologist questioned whether we should continue to "frighten" the populace with "the cholesterol scare."These professors know the facts reviewed by Steinberg; the problem is that they, like so many patients, will not allow themselves to believe the message.Eating rich food just means too much to too many people.For such individuals, there will always be one more shred of evidence with which to challenge the lipid hypothesis.As William Dock noted, "It is almost impossible for most men to accept any suggestion that it might be wise to give up agreeable habits such as smoking or eating of favorite foods."Things have changed since 1974, but there are still many, including persuasive teachers of future physicians, who cannot easily swallow the unpalatable cholesterol story.It is a safe bet that cardiologists will still be caring for a surfeit of angina patients on the centennial of Anitschkow's convincing 1913 high-cholesterol rabbit experiments.
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Stephen K Storer, David L Skaggs
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Developmental dysplasia of the hip refers to a continuum of abnormalities in the immature hip that can range from subtle dysplasia to dislocation. The identification of risk factors, including breech presentation and family history, should heighten a physician's suspicion of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Diagnosis is made by physical examination. Palpable hip instability, unequal leg lengths, and asymmetric thigh skinfolds may be present in newborns with a hip dislocation, whereas gait abnormalities and limited hip abduction are more common in older children. The role of ultrasonography is controversial, but it generally is used to confirm diagnosis and assess hip development once treatment is initiated. Bracing is first-line treatment in children younger than six months. Surgery is an option for children in whom nonoperative treatment has failed and in children diagnosed after six months of age. It is important to diagnose developmental dysplasia of the hip early to improve treatment results and to decrease the risk of complications.
Mortality in a Cohort of Street Youth in Montreal
Authors: Élise Roy
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Many studies have shown a high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, viral hepatitis, drug dependence, and mental health problems among street youth. However, data on mortality among these youth are sparse.To estimate mortality rate among street youth in Montreal and to identify causes of death and factors increasing the risk of death.From January 1995 to September 2000, 1013 street youth 14 to 25 years of age were recruited in a prospective cohort with semi-annual follow-ups. Original study objectives were to determine the incidence and risk factors for HIV infection in that population; however, several participants died during the first months of follow-up, prompting investigators to add mortality to the study objectives. Mortality data were obtained from the coroner's office and the Institut de la Statistique du Québec.Mortality rate among participants and factors increasing the risk of death.Twenty-six youth died during follow-up for a mortality rate of 921 per 100 000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 602-1350); this represented a standardized mortality ratio of 11.4. The observed causes of death were as follows: suicide (13), overdose (8), unintentional injury (2), fulminant hepatitis A (1), heart disease (1); 1 was unidentified. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, HIV infection (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 5.6; 95% CI, 1.9-16.8), daily alcohol use in the last month (AHR = 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-7.7), homelessness in the last 6 months (AHR = 3.0; 95% CI, 1.1-7.6), drug injection in the last 6 months (AHR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2-6.2), and male sex (AHR = 2.6; 95% CI, 0.9-7.7) were identified as independent predictors of mortality.Current heavy substance use and homelessness were factors associated with death among street youth. HIV infection was also identified as an important predictor of mortality; however, its role remains to be clarified. These findings should be taken into account when developing interventions to prevent mortality among street youth.
238. A Comparison of Gene Delivery and Vector Systems To Achieve High Levels of Sustained Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression
Authors: Hu Sheng Qian, Perry Liu, Paul Szymanski, Peter Kretschmer, Alan Brooks, Maxine Bauzon, Fang Jin, Richard N. Harkins, Richard J. Samulski, Gabor M. Rubanyi, Terry W. Hermiston
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)
Abstract B11: Manipulating senescence to combat melanoma initiation and progression
Authors: Jeff S. Pawlikowski, Malorie Holmes, Ann Richmond
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Senescence has been identified as a tumor suppression mechanism in many premalignant tissues. The most widely studied example is the melanocytic nevus that guards against the onset of melanoma. Senescence therefore acts as a barrier to malignancies and reinforcing this growth-arrested state can be a valuable way to combat tumorigenesis. Accordingly, therapy induced senescence (TIS) has been shown to be a promising approach for treatment of cancer. Here we further study how specific factors govern TIS. Numerous clinical trials are currently ongoing that inhibit MDM2 or CDK4/6, which regulate the tumor suppressors p53 and RB/p16, respectively. As these tumor suppressors are the master regulators of senescence and senescence is an important mechanism in melanoma initiation, we analyzed the effect of their inhibition in primary melanocytes and transformed melanoma cell lines. As anticipated, we show that upon administration of the MDM2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors (-)-Nutlin-3a (1uM) and PD2991 (8uM, respectively), primary human melanocytes and human melanoma cell lines stop proliferating. While MDM2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors have been shown to induce senescence, we were surprised to find that induction of senescence was not conserved among all cell types studied. Analysis of the cell cycle arrest showed that human melanocytes do not display senescence associated beta-galactosidase activity while melanoma cell lines do stain positive for this marker of senescence. Furthermore, members of the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are not increased upon MDM2 and CDK4/6 inhibition in primary melanocytes, whereas the same treatment in melanoma cells causes SASP up-regulation in a similar fashion to that triggered by oncogene induced senescence (OIS). The induction of the SASP members was particularly evident upon combined treatment with MDM2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors. These results suggest that TIS may be influenced by the expression of the SASP. We have previously showed that many members of the SASP whose expression increases with senescence also expressed in metastatic disease. By further evaluating SASP following OIS vs TIS, we may better understand the mechanisms behind existing senescence inducing therapies and define additional routes for pro-senescence cancer therapy. Senescence is a highly complex process that is able to control multiple cell fates, often due in part to the SASP. Consequently, by manipulating the SASP we may be able to regulate melanoma initiation and progression. Citation Format: Jeff S. Pawlikowski, Malorie Holmes, Ann Richmond. Manipulating senescence to combat melanoma initiation and progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Melanoma: From Biology to Therapy; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(14 Suppl):Abstract nr B11.
51. A Novel Approach to Stem Cell Gene Therapy: Controlling Stem Cell Differentiation with Engineered Zinc-Finger Protein Transcription Factors
Authors: Victor V. Bartsevich, Jeffrey C. Miller, Casey C. Case, Carl O. Pabo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Stem cells hold tremendous promise for gene therapy, tissue engineering, and the treatment of a diverse range of injuries and disease. However, exploiting the full potential of these pluripotent progenitor cells requires the establishment of a new set of tools capable of controlling the molecular decisions that determine whether, and how these cells differentiate. Critical transitions in stem cells are controlled via signaling pathways and subsequent transcriptional regulation. In this regard, we have previously shown that designed zinc-finger protein transcription factors (ZFP TFs) are capable of regulating the expression of targeted endogenous genes with singular specificity. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of such designed ZFP TFs to control the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. To this end, we constructed ZFP TFs that target the mouse OCT4 gene, a major regulator of ES cell pluripotency and self-renewal. We show here that introduction of an activator version of this ZFP TF resulted in increased OCT4 mRNA, and the expected concomitant effects on the expression of OCT4 responsive downstream target genes. Conversely, a repressor version of the OCT4-specific ZFP TF caused a robust reduction in OCT4 expression and the reciprocal downstream effects. Significantly, ZFP TF-dependent morphological differentiation of ES cells was also observed in a manner specific to the effector domain employed. Thus ZFP TFs are shown to be capable of controlling ES cell differentiation, raising the potential for their broad application to stem cell-based therapies.
949. Intratumoral Adenovirus-Mediated Interferon alpha Gene Transfer Induces Regional Direct Cytotoxicity and Possible Systemic Immunity Against Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kazunori Aoki, Masaki Ohashi, Yoshiaki Miura, Kimiko Yoshida, Shumpei Ohnami, Yukio Kitade, Teruhiko Yoshida
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is highly aggressive and is one of the most difficult cancers to treat at present. We have been interested in the direct injection of cytokine gene expression vector to the tumor in vivo, because in addition to the direct cytotoxicity, it is expected that the local antigen release by the tumor cell killing coupled with the increased antigen presentation will help to enhance specific tumor immunity. Previously, we showed that the expression of interferon alpha (IFN) effectively induced growth suppression and cell death in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, an effect which appeared to be more prominent when compared with other types of cancers and normal cells. When we injected human IFN adenovirus vector (AxCA-IFN) into subcutaneous xenografts of human pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC-1) in nude mice, the tumor growth was significantly suppressed in an adenoviral dose-dependent manner. Histological analysis of the tumors revealed massive cell death and apoptosis induction, demonstrating that IFN expression induced a significant cell death in vivo as well. Markedly increased IFN concentration in the subcutaneous tumor was detected with little leakage into the serum, suggesting the safety of the intratumoral injection of the IFN adenoviral vector. To explore the immunological anti-tumor activity of the IFN gene therapy, we next tested mouse IFN gene delivery into human AsPC-1 xenograft tumors in nude mice. IFN did not show cross-species activity in its anti-proliferative effect. All mice showed significant tumor inhibition and some were cured by the mouse IFN gene transduction; this effect should be dependent on the indirect anti-tumor activities of IFN, notably a stimulation of natural killer cells. The growth suppressive effect of rechallenged AsPC-1 tumors was also observed. This study suggested that the IFN gene therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy against pancreatic cancer, due to its dual mechanisms of anti-tumor activities.
Abstract P6-01-11: The neuronal protein sortilin is expressed in aggressive breast cancers and participates in tumor cell growth and invasion
Authors: Jay Pundavela, Severine Roselli, Yohann Demont, Sam Faulkner, John Attia, Sheridan Keene, Marjorie M Walker, Hubert Hondermarck
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The membrane protein sortilin is involved in intracellular trafficking and has emerged as a key player in the regulation of neuronal viability and function. Few studies have suggested that sortilin may also be implicated in cancer, but its expression in human tumors and potential value as a therapeutic target is unknown. In this study, the level of sortilin was analyzed in a series of 318 clinically annotated breast cancers and 53 normal adjacent tissues by immunohistochemistry. Sortilin was specifically localized in epithelial cells and was detected in 65% of cancers compared to 46% of normal tissues (p=0.0088). Sortilin was detected in 79% of invasive ductal carcinomas compared to only 54% of invasive lobular carcinomas (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Interestingly, sortilin was associated with lymph node involvement (p=0.0093), suggesting a relationship with metastatic potential and poor outcome. In Log-Linear modeling, two-way analyses confirmed the association of sortilin with histological type (ductal vs. lobular invasive carcinomas) and lymph node invasion (p=0.002 and p=0.096 respectively). In vitro, sortilin was detected in a range of cancer cell lines using RTPCR and Western-blotting. Functional investigation using RNA interference revealed that a decrease in sortilin level in the highly metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 resulted in a reduced proliferation and invasiveness, but had no effect on cell viability or apoptosis. Together, these data reveal that sortilin is expressed in aggressive breast cancers and is a potential therapeutic target. Citation Format: Jay Pundavela, Severine Roselli, Yohann Demont, Sam Faulkner, John Attia, Sheridan Keene, Marjorie M Walker, Hubert Hondermarck. The neuronal protein sortilin is expressed in aggressive breast cancers and participates in tumor cell growth and invasion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-01-11.
Sensitization pattern affects the asthma risk in <scp>F</scp>innish adult population
Authors: S. Toppila‐Salmi, H. Huhtala, J. Karjalainen, R. Renkonen, M. J. Mäkelä, D. Y. Wang, J. Pekkanen
Journal: Allergy (2015)

There is a large global variation in the sensitization pattern and its association with allergic diseases. In temperate and tropical urban environments, mite monosensitization can be the predominant cause of allergic airway diseases, whereas in other environments, polysensitization is more typical. Sensitization to mite allergens associates with asthma. However, it is suggested that mite sensitization might play a minor role in Northern Europe. The aim of the study was to analyze how sensitization pattern affects the asthma risk in Finnish adults, with a special focus on mites.A population-based case-control data (N = 523) from Finnish adult asthma patients with one or two matched controls were used. Asthma was diagnosed based on a typical history of asthmatic symptoms and lung function tests. The allergic sensitization was determined based on skin prick test (SPT) of five mites, three molds, and nine other aeroallergens. Information on demographics was obtained by a questionnaire.The proportion of sensitization to any allergen was 55% in the asthma group and 39% in the control group (P = 0.001, OR 2.06, 95% CI = 1.35-3.14). Sensitization to animal dander, pollen, or Aspergillus fumigatus was associated with asthma. Polysensitization to more than one allergen types and the number of SPT-positive reactions associated with asthma, whereas sensitization to only one allergen type was not associated with asthma.The large number of sensitizations to several types of allergens distinguishes subjects with asthma. Mite sensitization had little independent association with asthma in Finland.
To Err Is Human
Authors: Antonella Surbone, Thomas H Gallagher, Katherine Russell Rich, Michael Rowe
Journal: JAMA (2005)

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