tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MINIMUM COST DIETARIES FOR DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: WILLIAM A. GROAT
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Late in 1931, like many other communities, the city of Syracuse was confronted by the problem of feeding an increased number of indigents at a time when the municipal income was decreasing. It became imperative that economies be effected. It was equally important not to undernourish the recipients or to supply an imbalanced diet. At a conference of the department of public welfare and the department of public health with the mayor's advisory committee on public health (a committee provided for by the charter of the city of Syracuse and appointed by the mayor from a panel selected by the Syracuse Academy of Medicine), it was decided to request the Public Health Committee of the Syracuse Academy of Medicine to collaborate with a representative group of hospital dietitians and formulate a dietary on a minimum cost basis which would fulfil the requirements of balance, vitamins, reasonable palatability and total calories.
Kinetics of 13N-ammonia uptake in myocardial single cells indicating potential limitations in its applicability as a marker of myocardial blood flow.
Authors: B Rauch, F Helus, M Grunze, E Braunwell, G Mall, W Hasselbach, W Kübler
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To study kinetics and principles of cellular uptake of 13N-ammonia, a marker of coronary perfusion in myocardial scintigraphy, heart muscle cells of adult rats were isolated by perfusion with collagenase and hyaluronidase. Net uptake of 13N, measured by flow dialysis, reached equilibrium within 20 sec in the presence of sodium bicarbonate and carbon dioxide (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C). Total extraction, 80 sec after the reaction start, was 786 +/- 159 mumol/ml cell volume. Cells destroyed by calcium overload were unable to extract 13N-ammonia. Omission of bicarbonate and carbon dioxide reduced total extraction to 36% of control. 13N-Ammonia uptake could also be reduced by 50 muM 4,4' diisothiocyanostilbene 2,2' disulfonic acid, by 100 micrograms/ml 1-methionine sulfoximine, and by preincubation with 5 muM free oleic acid. These results indicate that in addition to metabolic trapping by glutamine synthetase, the extraction of 13N-ammonia by myocardial cells is influenced by cell membrane integrity, intracellular-extracellular pH gradient, and possibly an anion exchange system for bicarbonate. For this reason, the uptake of 13N-ammonia may not always provide a valid measurement of myocardial perfusion.
What is the appropriate criterion for therapeutic intervention in the motor domain?
Authors: W. A. Sparrow
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Observations are made on Latash &amp; Anson's theme that changed motor patterns should not be viewed as pathological. Normality in motor control might be characterised in terms of qualitative differences in control mechanisms rather than differences in movement patterns. Understanding of the concepts implicit in instructions to subjects should be confirmed. Principles of energy expenditure in atypical movements are outlined. If restoration of normality is not adopted as a criterion for therapeutic intervention, what might be proposed as an alternative?
Advances in Antiarrhythmic Therapy
Authors: Koonlawee Nademanee
Journal: JAMA (1982)

THE APPROACH to the management of disorders of cardiac rhythm has undergone major changes in the last ten years.<sup>1,2</sup>The early experience with surgery and with pacemakers suggests that these modes of therapy hold much promise; however, it is unlikely that they will have a major appeal for the largest numbers of patients needing antiarrhythmic therapy.<sup>1</sup>Drug therapy is therefore likely to remain the mainstay of long-term antiarrhythmic treatment for both supraventricular as well as ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Clinicians have long sought the "ideal" antiarrhythmic agent, one that has a wide spectrum of therapeutic efficacy, is potent, well tolerated by the patient while having little or no side effects, but with pharmacokinetics appropriate for long-term prophylaxis. Although the discovery of such a compound still appears elusive, many new drugs are now being evaluated in the United States.<sup>3,4</sup>Their investigational use is growing, and some are likely to be approved
In search of a new paradigm: mechanisms of sensitization and elicitation of food allergy*
Authors: L. K. Poulsen
Journal: Allergy (2005)

In this review of research priorities, presented for the European Commission, food allergy is established as a disease with a considerable impact on modern society. Research paradigms have changed from establishing basic symptomatology and diagnostic methods over allergen characterization to a risk‐identification approach looking at which patients are at risk of developing reactions to a certain dose of allergenic food. In order to solve some of the apparent paradoxes of regional, temporal, and species‐related differences in sensitization and food allergic reactions, it is suggested to study the basic underlying mechanisms in the cross‐field between immunology and gastroenterology. Research priorities should include the molecular basis of cross‐reactivity, the digestion and maintenance of antigenicity, the genetics of food allergy, and the immune response to food antigens and effects on the gastrointestinal immune system by food matrices and the microbial gut‐flora. Necessary methods with be spanning from molecular biology to large‐scale clinical and epidemiological studies.
What Medical Schools Teach about Women
Authors: Mary C. Howell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The process of professionalization includes learning attitudes about work, about relations with colleagues, and about patients or clients. Along with the learning of information and skills, the adoption of these "approved" attitudes brings the novitiate into full membership in a profession. In medicine, as undoubtedly in every profession in society, these attitudes are strongly colored by a demeaning regard for women. How could it be otherwise? In the first place, such attitudes about women are pervasive in society,1 and, secondly, the medical profession has been virtually a male province.The expression of these attitudes about women appears in incidents that . . .
Radiation Hazard to Patients
Authors: K. A. Rowley
Journal: BMJ (1963)

<b>Background:</b> The atherogenic risk factor profile in obese subjects is characterised by hypertension, reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, increased low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, and insulin resistance. <b>Aims:</b> To examine the amount of weight reduction required to improve the atherogenic profile. <b>Methods:</b> Changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin resistance, based on the HOMA model over a one year period were studied in obese children, who attended the intervention programme “Obeldicks”. The children were divided into four groups according to the change in body mass index standard deviation score (SDS-BMI): group I, increase in SDS-BMI; group II, decrease in SDS-BMI &lt;0.25; group III, decrease in SDS-BMI ⩾0.25–&lt;0.5; group IV, decrease in SDS-BMI ⩾0.5. <b>Results:</b> A total of 130 children (mean age 10.7 years, range 4–15; mean SDS-BMI 2.5, range 2.0–4.0) were studied. The four groups did not differ in age, gender, or degree of overweight (SDS-BMI). An increasing SDS-BMI (group I: n = 20) was followed by a significant increase in insulin resistance (HOMA). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin resistance (HOMA) decreased significantly while HDL cholesterol increased significantly in group IV (n = 37). LDL cholesterol also decreased significantly in group III (n = 40); there was no significant change of the other parameters in groups I, II, and III. <b>Conclusion:</b> Over a time period of one year increasing weight in obese children leads to an increase in insulin resistance. Weight loss is associated with an improvement in the atherogenic profile and in insulin resistance, but only if the SDS-BMI decreases by at least 0.5 over a one year period.
The Psychiatrist's Role in Family Planning
Authors: IRADJ SIASSI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

A six-month study of 200 Iranian women taking oral contraceptives showed only a 12-percent success rate among those who themselves assumed responsibility for taking the pills but a 93 percent success rate among those whose husbands dispensed the pills to their wives. The male dominance of the society and the women's need for offspring to ensure their status contributed to the latters' inability to assume responsibility for birth control. The author discusses the implications of his findings and stresses the need for multiple models of birth control.
Visceral Adiposity and the Prevalence of Hypertension in Japanese Americans
Authors: Tomoshige Hayashi, Edward J. Boyko, Donna L. Leonetti, Marguerite J. McNeely, Laura Newell-Morris, Steven E. Kahn, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Visceral adiposity is generally considered to play a key role in the metabolic syndrome, including hypertension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cross-sectionally whether visceral adiposity is associated with prevalence of hypertension independent of other adipose depots and fasting plasma insulin. Methods and Results— Study subjects included 563 Japanese Americans with normal or impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes but not taking oral hypoglycemic medication or insulin at entry. Variables included plasma glucose and insulin measured after an overnight fast and during an oral glucose tolerance test, and abdominal, thoracic, and thigh fat areas by CT. Total fat area (TFA) was calculated as the sum of these fat areas. Hypertension was defined as having a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, having a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or taking antihypertensive medications. Intra-abdominal fat area (IAFA) was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension. Adjusted odds ratio of hypertension by IAFA was 1.68 for a 1-SD increase (95% CI, 1.20 to 2.37) after adjusting for age, sex, fasting plasma insulin, a nonlinear transformation of 2-hour plasma glucose, and TFA. IAFA remained a significant predictor of prevalence of hypertension even after adjustment for total subcutaneous fat area, abdominal subcutaneous fat area, body mass index, or waist circumference, but no measure of regional or total adiposity was associated with the odds of prevalence of hypertension in models that contained IAFA. Conclusions— Greater visceral adiposity increases the odds of hypertension in Japanese Americans independent of other adipose depots and fasting plasma insulin.
Review: CABG or stents compared with medical therapy in stable coronary artery disease
Authors: David L. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Windecker S, Stortecky S, Stefanini GG, et al. Revascularisation versus medical treatment in patients with stable coronary artery disease: network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014;348:g3859. 24958153
Oropharyngeal Excretion of Epstein-Barr Virus by Patients with Lymphoproliferative Disorders and by Recipients of Renal Homografts
Authors: Chang Rs, Lewis Jp, Reynolds Rd, Sullivan Mj, Neuman J
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

In an attempt to associate oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus with lymphoproliferative disorders other than infectious mononucleosis, we tested throat gargles collected from adult subjects for the EB virus. Nine (16%) of 55 healthy persons were positive. High EB virus-excretion rates were found among patients with active acute lymphocytic leukemia (6/6, 100%), among renal homograft recipients during the third to 12th month after transplantation (26/30, 87%), and among critically ill patients with leukemia-lymphoma (14/19, 74%). Moderately high excretion rates were found among patients with myeloma (7/16, 44%), patients with poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (5/11, 44%), critically ill patients with solid cancers (15/37, 41%), and patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (8/21, 38%). Our data suggested that the higher than normal excretion rate is related to the basic disease process and to the general health status but not to the duration of cancer chemotherapy.
Associations of Plasma Natriuretic Peptide, Adrenomedullin, and Homocysteine Levels With Alterations in Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Daniel Levy, Shih-Jen Hwang, Atilla Kayalar, Emelia J. Benjamin, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Helen Parise, Martin G. Larson, Thomas J. Wang, Jacob Selhub, Paul F. Jacques, Joseph A. Vita, Michelle J. Keyes, Gary F. Mitchell
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Increased arterial stiffness and higher plasma natriuretic peptide and homocysteine levels are associated with elevated risk for cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the relations of natriuretic peptides and homocysteine to arterial wall stiffness in the community.We assessed the relations of plasma N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic peptide, adrenomedullin, and homocysteine concentrations to arterial stiffness in participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Central pulse pressure, forward pressure wave, reflected pressure wave, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity were assessed by tonometry in 1962 participants (mean age, 61 years; 56% women) in the Framingham Heart Study. Central systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 123/75 mm Hg in men and 119/66 mm Hg in women. After adjustment for age and clinical covariates, N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide were associated with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (men: partial correlation, 0.069, P = 0.043 and r = 0.115, P < or = 0.001, respectively; women: r = -0.063, P = 0.037 and r = -0.062, P = 0.040), and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (men: r = -0.090, P = 0.009 and r = -0.083, P < or = 0.015; women: r = -0.140, P < or = 0.001 and r = -0.104, P = 0.001, respectively). In men, N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide also were associated with forward and reflected wave and carotid pulse pressure. In men, adrenomedullin was associated with mean arterial pressure (r = 0.089, P = 0.009), and homocysteine was associated with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (r = 0.072, P = 0.036), forward pressure (r = 0.079, P = 0.02), and central pulse pressure (r = 0.072, P = 0.035). Interaction tests indicated sex differences in the relations of several biomarkers to measures of arterial stiffness.Plasma natriuretic peptide, adrenomedullin, and homocysteine levels are associated with alterations in conduit vessel properties that differ in men and women.
Dermal Uptake of Technetium-99m MDP in Calcinosis Cutis
Authors: MARK J. LARSEN, KIM A. ADCOCK, WINSTON G. SATTERLEE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A rare case of extensive dermal uptake of Tc-99m MDP associated with renal failure is reported. The mechanism of Tc-99m MDP uptake in such examples of metastatic calcification is not proved, but may relate to adsorption onto hydroxyapatite crystals. This phenomenon is useful in demonstrating distribution of nonvisceral metastatic calcification.
Acute hemodynamic effects of new inotropic agent (colforsin daropate) in pediatric patients with left to right shunt disease
Authors: Motofumi Iemura, Teiji Akagi, Yoshie Mizumoto, Yoko Sugahara, Wakako Himeno, Yasuki Maeno, Mashiro Ishii, Toyojiro Matsuishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
HLA B37 determines an influenza A virus nucleoprotein epitope recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Authors: A J McMichael, F M Gotch, J Rothbard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Human influenza A virus-specific, cytotoxic T cells have been shown previously to recognize the virus nucleoprotein on infected cells. CTL preparations from four HLA B37-positive donors were shown to recognize a synthetic peptide that corresponded to amino acids 335-349 of the nucleoprotein sequence. Influenza-specific CTL from 10 donors of other HLA types failed to recognize this epitope. CD8+ CTL lines were derived from lymphocytes of two HLA B37-positive donors and used to show that the peptide was represented on virus-infected cells and to determine the probable boundaries of the epitope.
Improved Endoscopic Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Malignancy
Authors: Seibi Kobayashi
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Modern endoscopic instruments for examination of the esophagus and stomach are constructed to allow diagnostic cytology by brushing and biopsy of lesions under direct vision. The conditions of all 26 patients with cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract were correctly diagnosed by the combination of direct-vision brushing cytology and biopsy, while roentgenographic and endoscopic examination alone were successful in only 73.3% and 83.3% of the cases, respectively. Such instruments, therefore, provide a safe, convenient, and accurate method for the definitive, microscopical diagnosis of gastroesophageal malignancy. They are of special value in the correct identification of malignant gastric ulcers of benign gross appearance.
“Hot” Vertebra on 18F-FDG PET Scan
Authors: Michihiro Nakayama, Atsutaka Okizaki, Shunta Ishitoya, Tamio Aburano
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

An F-FDG-PET with CT scan was performed to stage a tongue cancer, revealing the hypermetabolic region in the thoracic vertebra. This corresponded to a benign lesion seen on MRIs and CT.Although these findings suggested a vertebral hemangioma, "hot" vertebra in FDG-PET was atypical. The final diagnosis was confirmed capillary hemangioma by the scopic biopsy and this lesion was no change at 1 year later.Careful interpretation of metabolic (FDG-PET) and anatomic (CT and MRI) images should be performed to accurately characterize the foci of increased FDG uptake.
NHS England sets up new inquiry into children's heart surgery deaths in Bristol
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Ian Kennedy, who chaired the inquiry into children’s heart surgery deaths at Bristol Royal Infirmary in the 1990s, will return to Bristol to investigate a string of recent cases in which children who underwent heart operations died or were seriously harmed during aftercare.

Bruce Keogh, medical director of NHS England, announced the independent review after meeting 10 families whose children, including seven who died, were treated at Bristol Royal Hospital for Children. The hospital was built in 2001 in the wake of the original scandal, in which as many as 35 children had died needlessly.

The scope of the new review will …
The Doctor Will See You
Authors: Henry S. Kahn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Ad Libitum20 October 2009The Doctor Will See YouHenry S. Kahn, MDHenry S. Kahn, MDFrom Atlanta, GA 30306.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-8-200910200-00005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail No knock. NeededPerhaps a chance to talkWith the doctorWould be nice.Come to my fantasyOffice has no lockOr guardOr cashierOr bars on the window.Or door. Just a doorwayTo find a seatTo catch your breathTo collect your thoughtsTo ponder your pain.We talk and thenWe let some tears flowAnd smile a bit.No fee. NeverWe speak ofDeductoauthorizeligibility.Your wallet, if any,Has not been lightened.But you stand tallerAnd I feel richer.Henry S. Kahn, MDAtlanta, GA 30306 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Henry S. Kahn, MDAffiliations: From Atlanta, GA 30306.Current Author Address: Henry S. Kahn, MD, 947 Blue Ridge Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30306. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 October 2009Volume 151, Issue 8Page: 527 ePublished: 20 October 2009 Issue Published: 20 October 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
“Rapid-Impact Interventions”: How a Policy of Integrated Control for Africa's Neglected Tropical Diseases Could Benefit the Poor
Authors: David H Molyneux, Peter J Hotez, Alan Fenwick
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Over the past two decades there have been signifi cant achievements in the control of a handful of important human tropical infections [1].These achievements include the substantive reductions in the prevalence and incidence of the so-called neglected diseases such as lymphatic fi lariasis, onchocerciasis, guinea worm, leprosy, and trachoma (Box 1) [2].Each of these neglected diseases is a poverty-promoting and often stigmatizing condition occurring primarily in rural areas of low-income countries (Box 2) [3].They are ancient affl ictions, described in the Bible and other ancient texts, which have burdened humanity for millennia [3].But now, as a result of aggressive regional vertical interventions, there is a possibility that some neglected tropical infections could be eventually controlled to the point of elimination in some areas of endemicity [2-8].In the case of guinea worm infection, disease eradication might also soon be possible [9]. Neglected by Policy Makers and DonorsSomewhat surprisingly, policy makers and public health offi cials have largely ignored the extraordinary successes in these vertical programmes for neglected disease control and elimination.We believe that there are two main reasons for this lack of attention.The fi rst is that the international health community, including donors, have given the highest priority to the "big three"-HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria-with the result that other infections of poverty garner less attention.The second is that donors and policy makers take a dim view of the overall value of vertical programmes that are not directed at the big three.With regards to the big three, donors, international agencies, nongovernmental development agencies, and governments have responded through focused attention on vertical initiatives by creating UNAIDS (http:⁄⁄www.unaids.org) and within WHO, Stop TB (http:⁄⁄www.stoptb.org)and Roll Back Malaria (http:⁄⁄www.rollbackmalaria.org).
Hypomagnesemia
Authors: Paul D. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Chronic renal failure is accompanied by secondary hyperparathyroidism. Inhibition of parathyroid hormone secretion has been reported to be induced by hypomagnesemia in conditions other than chronic renal failure, since severe hypomagnesemia is rare in chronic renal failure. In the case reported here, the patient had chronic renal failure and malabsorption-induced hypomagnesemia; she exhibited hypoparathyroidism while hypomagnesemic, and hyperparathyroidism after magnesium was replaced. Hypomagnesemia induced parathyroid hormone suppression in this patient with chronic renal failure, despite the presence of chronic hyperfunctioning parathyroid cells. (<i>JAMA</i>241:722-723, 1979)
Cystic Duct Entry - Another Cause of Pseudocalculus
Authors: I. Berkowitz, P. C. Bornman, R. E. Kottler
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

Certain pitfalls face the endoscopist during ERC in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones. Falsepositive filling defects for calculi may be caused by air bubbles, blood clot, tumor, and the pseudocalculus sign of the lower common bile duct (CBD) due to sphincter spasm. Another false positive may be encountered by the presence of a filling defect at the confluence of the cystic duct and common bile duct, and we report on three such cases. The cause of this pseudocalculus sign of the mid-CBD is not clear. We speculate that it may arise as a result of an unopacified jet of bile flowing from the cystic duct displacing contrast in the CBD.