tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gastric Phytobezoar: An Endoscopic Technique for Removal
Authors: V. Lange
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Gastric bezoars, especially those of the phytobezoar type, are a rare sequela of gastroduodenal surgery or other uncommon circumstances. When they produce symptoms, removal is always necessary. In the past, treatment has shifted from surgical to non-surgical intervention, of which gastric lavage and/or slow enzymatic dissolution have been attempted. A safe, simple and rapid endoscopic method for the removal of the bezoar has previously been reported by 3 authors. With our two patients there are now ten cases of successful fragmentation of phytobezoars by this technique using a pulsating jet of water through the endoscope. This success recommends the procedure as treatment of choice, and it should be used more widely.
Genes That Link Nephritis to Autoantibodies and Innate Immunity
Authors: Mårten Segelmark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The rapid evolution of array techniques and the completion of the map of the human genome have led to a host of genomewide association studies over the past few years. Yet many of these studies have been disappointing; they identify genes that confer only a moderate increase in risk and explain only a small fraction of the known hereditary characteristics of the diseases.1 However, the results of genomewide association studies for idiopathic membranous nephropathy conducted by Stanescu and coworkers, reported in this issue of the Journal, are more striking than usual.2 The authors report highly significant associations between membranous nephropathy . . .
Swine flu vaccine is a "thousandfold" safer than the infection, say experts
Authors: O. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Experts this week played down the risk of adverse effects from the forthcoming swine flu vaccine, saying that even in the worse case scenario people would be a “thousandfold better off” having the jab than the disease.

Concerns have previously been raised that the vaccine may carry a risk of causing Guillain-Barre syndrome, an autoimmune condition that attacks the peripheral nervous system, in rare cases causing permanent paralysis or death. The fears largely stem from the 1976-7 flu season in the United States, when a vaccine was withdrawn after a spike in cases of the neurological disease, but doubt …
A MACHINE FOR MAKING REINFORCEMENTS FOR PLASTER CASTS
Authors: Myron O. Henry
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The machine illustrated here is now in use for making reinforcing pads for plaster-of-paris casts. The principle of the revolving drum was first presented at the clinic of Dr. Charles A. Stone of St. Louis.  The present machine is a perfection of that idea, aluminum being used so that the drum is light but strong, together with other improvements.  Plaster-of-paris flaps are quickly and easily made with this device. The plaster can be thoroughly rubbed into the crinoline as the bandage is rolled on the drum. These flaps are especially useful and time-saving in making plaster-of-paris jackets, cylinders, boots and spicas.  823 Nicollet Avenue.
Characteristic Patterns of Tl-201 Chloride and Tc-99m MIBI Uptake in a Pineocytoma
Authors: KIYOTAKA YOKOGAMI, HIROKAZU KAWANO, SHUNROU UCHINOKURA, TAKUZOU MORIYAMA, HISAO UEHARA, TETSUROU SAMESHIMA, TOMOKAZU GOYA, SHINICHIRO WAKISAKA, KAZUKI NABESHIMA, SHIGEKI NAGAMACHI, SEISHI JINNOUCHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Tl-201 SPECT in a 33-year-old man with a pineocytoma showed increased uptake with rapid washout. Tc-99m MIBI SPECT showed diffuse, Increased uptake with marked retention. Histologically, this, tumor was negative for P-glycoprotein. It is thought that MIBI is effluxed by P-glycoprotein. Findings on Tc-99m MIBI imaging might be a result of defects of P-glycoprotein.
California measure would require porn actors to use condoms
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

AIDS activists have filed a ballot measure with the US state of California that would require performers in adult films to wear condoms during “all acts of vaginal or anal intercourse during the production of adult films.”

If adopted, the proposed “California Safer Sex in the Adult Film Industry Act” would require producers of adult films to adopt work practices to protect performers from exposure to “blood and any other potentially infectious materials” and to cover the costs of all vaccinations against sexually transmitted infections …
Abstract P3-04-04: Novel Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Signatures of Primary Breast Tumor Subtypes
Authors: MP Lee, M Kadota, HH Yang, RJ Clifford, BK. Dunn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Gene expression signatures can be used to classify breast tumor tissues into distinct categories: luminal, “basal”, and HER2 subtypes, which have distinct clinical prognoses. Since gene expression is largely determined at the level of epigenetic modification, we hypothesize that DNA methylation signatures may also be used to classify breast tumor subtypes and possibly to define new cancer subtypes; thus, such epigenetic signatures can complement gene expression signatures for a better understanding of breast tumorigenesis and in turn, may lead to improvement in clinical diagnosis. Material and Methods: We used antibodies to 5-methylcytosine to immunoprecipitate DNA enriched for methylation by means of the MeDIP method on 66 breast primary tumors. Then we analyzed the MeDIP-derived DNA by means of the Affymetrix 500K SNP array. We normalized DNA methylation data from the 66 tumors using a modified quantile normalization procedure. The data were generated in two phases, phase 1 consisting of 42 tumors and phase 2 containing 24 tumors, data from the latter being reserved for validation purposes. We concentrated DNA methylation analysis on the SNPs that are located within promoter regions, defined here as +/− 2 kb flanking the transcription start site (TSS), and within CpG islands, since methylation in these regions is especially relevant for gene expression regulation. We searched for DNA methylation signatures that show distinct patterns among tumors with different clinical phenotypes such as histological grade and lymph node involvement. Results: We identified one DNA methylation signature consists of 78 genes that separated the tumors with high grade from those with low-mid grade; we found another DNA methylation signature consists of 42 genes that separated the tumors with lymph node positive status from those with lymph node negative status. We were able to validate these signatures using methylation data obtained from an independent set of 24 tumors. The performance of the signature for predicting lymph node status in the testing samples showed accuracy of 83%, sensitivity of 70%, and specificity of 90%. Discussion: We have identified DNA methylation signatures that could classify breast tumor subtypes and correlate with clinical phenotypes. We are investigating whether such epigenetic signatures can complement gene expression signatures for a better understanding of breast tumorigenesis and for application in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-04-04.
PAX6 Suppresses the Invasiveness of Glioblastoma Cells and the Expression of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Gene
Authors: Debra A. Mayes, Yuanjie Hu, Yue Teng, Eric Siegel, Xiaosong Wu, Kishori Panda, Fang Tan, W.K. Alfred Yung, Yi-Hong Zhou
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most invasive brain tumor. We have previously reported that the transcription factor PAX6 suppresses the tumorigenecity of GBM cells. By an in vitro Matrigel invasion assay on two GBM cell lines stably transfected with wild-type and/or two mutant forms of PAX6, this study displays the first evidence that PAX6 inhibits the invasiveness of GBM cells and that the DNA-binding domain of PAX6 is required for this function. Using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), gelatin zymography, and immunohistochemistry assays, the expression of the gene encoding matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) in GBM cell lines grown in vitro or in intracranial xenografts in nude mice was shown to be repressed by either stable or adenoviral-mediated overexpression of PAX6. Luciferase promoter assays revealed PAX6-mediated suppression of MMP2 promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed direct binding of PAX6 to the MMP2 promoter. A significant reverse correlation (P < 0.05) occurred between PAX6 and MMP2 expression quantified by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in 41 GBMs, 43 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 7 adjacent normal tissues. Interestingly, the degree and significance of the reverse correlation increased after excluding astrocytomas, whereas it became insignificant after excluding GBMs. In GBM cells stably transfected with a dominant negative mutant PAX6 showing increased MMP2 expression and invasiveness, knock-down of MMP2 revealed that MMP2 is one of the PAX6 target genes mediating its suppression of invasion. Overall data delineated a mechanism for the suppressive function of PAX6 in GBM: suppression of cell invasion by repressing the expression of proinvasive genes such as MMP2.
THE PRESCOTT COFFEE REPORT
Authors: Oliver T. Osborne
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> — This is a criticism of Prof. Samuel C. Prescott's coffee report, which was presented to the "Joint Coffee Trade Publicity Committee" meeting in Boston, Oct. 17, 1923, and was later published. Professor Prescott, after a three-year research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, at a cost to the coffee people of about $40,000, issued a report in which this statement appears on the first page: "It was understood from the start that this work should be conducted scientifically.... Whether the findings were pleasant or unpleasant, no scientific worker can afford to temporize with truth." Farther on he states that "in the dispassionate study of the vast literature on the subject, much of which was medical literature" he has come to the "conviction... that for the overwhelming majority of adults coffee is a safe and desirable beverage." This sentence has been enormously broadcast to the people of
NONMALIGNANT NODULES OF THE BREAST THE RESULT OF PROLAPSE
Authors: LILIAN K. P. FARRAR
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The first mastectomy recorded for prolapsed hypertrophied breast was probably that done in 1669 by Durston, who says that "when opened nothing was found but prodigious bigness (64 lbs.)." In 1857 Velpeau gave a graphic description of the operation he had performed for virginal hypertrophy of the breast. Michel and Poussin were the first, in 1897, to devise a plastic operation for prolapsed hypertrophied breasts. The first operation in Germany for a similar condition was done in 1908 by Dehne. In 1910 the surgical congress in Geneva held a discussion on hypertrophy of the prolapsed breast, and the operation for its relief. Little space has been given in the medical literature of this country to virginal hypertrophied breasts, but rather frequent mention is made of this condition and of operation in the surgical journals of Europe, especially in Germany. It was not, however, until 1923 that it began to be
Preventable infections are out of control in Canadian hospitals
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Canadian hospitals are failing to control infections resistant to antibiotics. These kill 8000 patients and cost healthcare systems at least $C100m (£40m; $80m; €63m) a year. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, in a news investigation, has said that the incidence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased 10-fold in less than a decade (www.cbc.ca/news, 21 March). It also said that since 2003 Clostridium difficile has killed more than 600 people in Quebec province alone.

If cases of …
Caffeine Dependence
Authors: Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Johann Sebastian Bach's satirical<i>Coffee Cantata</i>, using a libretto by the Leipzig poet Picander, reflected the controversy about coffee drinking that existed in early 18th-century Europe. Concerns that coffee drinking can become a pernicious habit, whether due to its enticing aroma and flavor or its modest psychostimulant effects, date back to at least the 16th century. Only much later was it discovered that the stimulant effects are from caffeine, a methylxanthine compound that, in various forms, has become the most widely used psychoactive substance in the world. Can use of this substance lead to dependence? If so, what are the implications for physicians and the public? See also p 1043. In this issue ofThe Journal, Strain et al<sup>1</sup>report the results of a small but carefully performed study indicating that some persons can be found who meet criteria for substance dependence with reference to caffeine. A previous study
Tracheobronchial Stenting in Patients with Esophageal Cancer Involving the Central Airways
Authors: C. Belleguic, H. Lena, E. Briens, B. Desrues, J. F. Bretagne, P. Delaval, J. Kernec
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Locoregional progression of esophageal cancer can result in respiratory distress aving to tracheoesophageal (T-E) fistula or central airways stenosis. We report our experience of airway stenting in 51 patients with esophageal carcinoma involving the central airways.All data were recorded retrospectively. Fifty-one patients (44 men and seven women), with a mean age of 58.6 years, were analyzed. All had an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Severe respiratory impairment due to tumor invasion or to a tracheobronchial fistula (n= 14) was present in all patients. Nine of the 14 patients with fistula had dysphagia. Among the 37 patients without fistula, 19 had dysphagia.Sixty-six tracheobronchial stents were inserted in 51 patients: 65 Dumon stents and one Wallstent. Forty stents were implanted in the trachea, 16 in the left main bronchus and 10 in the right main bronchus. In 47 patients there was a significant improvement of respiratory symptoms. Esophageal intubation, carried out in nine patients, allowed eating and drinking in all cases. Mean survival was 107.7 days, with the longest follow-up 587 days. There was no difference between mean survival in the patients with fistulae (103.3+/-days) and the others (109.3+/-days). In two cases stent placement was responsible for death (massive hemoptysis and pneumonia). The main complications were migration (n=6), granuloma (n=2), pneumonia (n=2) and pneumothorax (n = 2). In 13 patients tumor progression in the airways was noted from one to 11 months after stenting, inducing a relapse of dyspnea.Complications are easily detected by the appearance of respiratory symptoms and do not necessitate systematic flexible bronchoscopy, but only preventive measures such as regular aerosol therapy, adapted respiratory physiotherapy and regular clinical follow-up.
FDA Issues Draft 'Concept Paper' on Drug Company Funding of CME
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THE US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has released a draft "concept paper" on guidelines for pharmaceutical company support of scientific or educational programs. The FDA has been requesting comments on the proposed guidelines from industry, medical educators, and other interested parties. According to Dennis K. Wentz, MD, director of the American Medical Association's (AMA) Division of Continuing Medical Education and chair of the Ad Hoc Task Force on Industry-Continuing Medical Education (CME) Provider Collaboration—which includes representatives from the AMA, the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the pharmaceutical industry, and now observers from the FDA—the task force met last month and will meet again next week (December 12) to discuss the FDA's draft concept paper. It also will examine a proposal, by the pharmaceutical industry's Fred W. Lyons, Jr, to create a self-regulating system. <h3>Similar to ACCME, AMA</h3> The proposed FDA guidelines are not very different from the
Heterotopic Bone Formation in Abdominal Surgical Scars
Authors: Lawrence Tama
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE CHARACTERISTIC feature of heterotopic bone formation within abdominal scars is the appearance of an ossified mass along a longitudinal incision in an adult male within one year following surgery; usually an upper-abdominal incision which is contiguous to a bony structure is involved.<sup>1-3</sup>Roentgenographic examination of the area will readily confirm the diagnosis. However, because of its uncommon occurrence and location, the condition may not be suspected on initial encounter or may be mistaken for such lesions as incisional implants of carcinoma or, as in our first case, a retained foreign body. Recently we encountered our first two cases of this condition in brothers. In none of the 19 previously reported cases of which we are aware has any familial relationship been recorded. This unique circumstance and the opportunity to reemphasize the possible development of this condition within abdominal surgical scars has prompted us to report these two cases.
Hepatitis C virus antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease: ELISA and RIBA HCV strip immunoblot assay results.
Authors: G Baskin, R DiNello, A Polito, S Quan, W S Lee, J Wu, M Nelles, S Lee
Journal: Gut (1993)

In a study using the current first generation Ortho ELISA, a second generation Ortho ELISA, and the RIBA HCV strip immunoblot assay, all patients who were strongly positive for antihepatitis C virus (HCV) on ELISAs (OD490 &gt; 3) were reactive to RIBA for multiple bands. While all ELISA false positive samples had low or intermediate OD490 values, RIBA confirmed HCV reactivity in 50% of the patients reactive to ELISA with a low suspicion of HCV infection, thus suggesting that RIBA HCV strip immunoblot assay will be most useful for patients who react weakly positive or intermediate to ELISA.
Radiation dose in scans could be halved
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The radiation dose in some chest examinations using computed axial tomography can be more than halved without jeopardising the radiologist's ability to make a diagnosis, a new study has said ( American Journal of Roentgenology 2001;177:279-84).

Dr James Ravenel, assistant professor of radiology at the Medical University of South Carolina, conducted the study with Ernest Scalzetti, Walter Huda, and William Garrisi at the SUNY Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, New York.

To find the minimum radiation dose needed to maintain good image quality in computed axial …
A Gastric Gossip
Authors: A. Porritt
Journal: BMJ (1952)

It has become the custom in the Society for the new President to deliver an address on some subject in which he is particularly interested.I still come under the somewhat maligned heading of " General Surgeon," and in that now officially rather limited sphere my chief interest lies in the stomach.I say " stomach " and not, for instance, " gastric surgery," as I hope to show that consideration of that organ has -implications
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Hispanic Vietnam Veterans
Authors: Alexander N. Ortega, Robert Rosenheck
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Hispanics who served in the Vietnam War. METHOD: The authors conducted secondary data analyses of the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study, a national epidemiologic study completed in 1988 of a representative sample of veterans who served during the Vietnam era (N=1,195). RESULTS: After adjustment for premilitary and military experiences, the authors found that Hispanic, particularly Puerto Rican, Vietnam veterans had significantly more severe PTSD symptoms and a higher probability of experiencing PTSD than nonminority veterans. However, they had no greater risk for other mental disorders, and their greater risk for PTSD was not explained by acculturation. Despite their more severe symptoms, Hispanic veterans, especially Puerto Rican veterans, showed no greater functional impairment than non-Hispanic white veterans. CONCLUSIONS: Hispanic Vietnam veterans, especially Puerto Rican Vietnam veterans, have a higher risk for PTSD and experience more severe PTSD symptoms than non-Hispanic white Vietnam veterans, and these differences are not explained by exposure to stressors or acculturation. This high level of symptoms was not accompanied by substantial reduction in functioning, suggesting that the observed differences in symptom reporting may reflect features of expressive style rather than different levels of illness.
The Development of Prosthetic Heart Valves — Lessons in Form and Function
Authors: Elliot L. Chaikof
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Albert Starr on the invention of the first successful artificial heart valve. (10:34)Download The 2007 Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research, granted in mid-September to Albert Starr and Alain Carpentier, recognizes their extraordinary contributions to the development of the prosthetic heart valve, which represents a milestone in the journey toward the fabrication of synthetic living tissues and organ systems. The prosthetic heart valve was built on a foundation laid down during the first half of the 20th century with the introduction of cardiac catheterization by André Cournand and Dickinson Richards, the development of innovative surgical techniques by Alfred Blalock, the invention of the heart–lung machine by John Gibbon, and the discovery of heparin . . .
TCT-742 Individual and Regional Variations in Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Dose and Duration in a Large, Randomized International Trial Comparing Two Drug-eluting Stents: Results From PROTECT
Authors: Laura Mauri, Gabriel Steg, Alexis Matteau, Edoardo Camenzind, Eric Boersma, Pascal Vranckx, Patrick Serruys, William O'Neill, Robert Yeh, William Wijns
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Regulation of angiotensin II receptors on ventricular myocytes after myocardial infarction in rats.
Authors: L G Meggs, J Coupet, H Huang, W Cheng, P Li, J M Capasso, C J Homcy, P Anversa
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

To determine the effects of acute myocardial infarction on the regulation of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors and contractile performance of left and right ventricular myocytes, coronary artery ligation was surgically induced in rats, and Ang II receptor density and affinity and the mechanical properties of surviving muscle cells were examined 1 week later. Physiological determinations of cardiac pump function revealed the presence of ventricular failure, which was associated at the cellular level with a depression in the velocity of myocyte shortening and relengthening, a prolongation of time to peak shortening, and a reduction in the extent of cell shortening. These abnormalities in single-cell function were more prominent in left than in right ventricular myocytes. Cellular hypertrophy was documented by increases in cell length and width, which were also greater in the spared myocytes of the infarcted left ventricle. Reactive hypertrophy was accompanied by a 1.84- and 1.85-fold increase in the density of Ang II receptors on left and right myocytes, respectively. On the other hand, the affinity of Ang II receptors for the radiolabeled antagonist was not altered. However, Ang II-stimulated phosphoinositol turnover was enhanced by 3.7- and 2.5-fold in left and right myocytes, respectively, after infarction. Ventricular myocytes were found to possess the AT1 receptor subtype exclusively. In conclusion, myocardial infarction leads to impairment in the contractile behavior of the remaining cells and to the activation of Ang II receptors and effector pathway associated with these receptors, which may be involved in the reactive growth adaptation of the viable myocytes.