tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Thymidine Incorporation Into Epidermal and Dermal DNA of HRS/J Mice After a Colcemid Pulse&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S Rothberg, G E Nancarrow
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

The introduction of a Colcemid pulse, which is known to inhibit microtubulin assembly and thereby influence cellular events dependent on the assembly, delayed the normal passage of G1 cells to S-phase. Experimental support for this hypothesis was obtained by the pulsing of cultured inbred HRS/J mouse skin for 30 minutes with 20 micrograms Colcemid/ml and by measurement of thymidine (dThd) incorporation for a 4-hour incubation period at different intervals after the pulse. Incorporation of dThd into epidermal and dermal DNA was maximally inhibited 9.5 and 17.5 hours after the Colcemid pulse. Maximal inhibition and minimal inhibition of dThd incorporation were observed 17.5 hours after different concentrations of Colcemid (1--30 micrograms/ml) were pulsed. Maximal inhibition of dThd incorporation occurred after pulsing with 20 micrograms Colcemid/ml. The acceleration of G0 or G1 events to S-phase in proliferative cells caused by mild epidermal stripping was also inhibited after the addition of the Colcemid pulse. The data suggest a time relationship between the Colcemid pulse, the subsequent disruption of microtubulin structure, and the inhibition of dThd incorporation into epidermal and dermal DNA. The intact microtubulin structure is apparently essential for the normal intracellular dependency among the cell membrane, the cytoskeleton structure, and the cell nucleus and occurs when the cells transit from G1 to S-phase.
The role of ventral striatal cAMP signaling in stress-induced behaviors
Authors: Florian Plattner, Kanehiro Hayashi, Adan Hernández, David R Benavides, Tara C Tassin, Chunfeng Tan, Jonathan Day, Maggy W Fina, Eunice Y Yuen, Zhen Yan, Matthew S Goldberg, Angus C Nairn, Paul Greengard, Eric J Nestler, Ronald Taussig, Akinori Nishi, Miles D Houslay, James A Bibb
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
Alteration of Skin in Gross Leukemia. II. Kinetic, Preleukemic, and Irradiation Studies&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T. Mariani, Y. Maruyama, R. A. Good
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The validity of the heterogenization hypothesis and the role of virus in syngeneic skin-graft rejection were examined. Correlative analyses of the time of development of heterogenization, the time of appearance of tumor cells in normal tissues, and the influence of X irradiation on the rejection process were conducted. Gross passage A virus and C3H/Bi and (C3H/Bi × DBA/2)F1 inbred strains of mice were used. During the kinetic, preleukemic, and irradiation studies, it was found that the tumor cell itself is a major factor in the rejection phenomenon. The function of virus in graft rejection and the virus-related explanatory hypothesis of antigenic alteration should be reexamined.
CD44 variant expression is a common feature of epithelial ovarian cancer: lack of association with standard prognostic factors.
Authors: S A Cannistra, G Abu-Jawdeh, J Niloff, T Strobel, L Swanson, J Andersen, C Ottensmeier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE CD44 is a hyaluronic acid receptor that exists as a standard 90-kd form (CD44S) as well as several CD44 variant isoforms produced through alternative splicing. Expression of CD44 variants is associated with clinically aggressive behavior in some human tumors. The purpose of the present study is to define the expression of CD44 variant isoforms in ovarian cancer and to investigate whether the expression of these molecules is associated with adverse prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six specimens of normal ovarian surface epithelium (NOSE) and 31 separate cases of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer were studied by a combination of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoperoxidase staining. Clinical correlation was made between CD44 variant expression and stage (I/II v III/IV), residual disease (&lt; or = 2.0- v &gt; 2.0-cm mass), age (&lt; or = 65 v &gt; 65 years), histology (papillary serous v other), grade, and survival. RESULTS RT-PCR analysis revealed that NOSE predominantly expressed transcripts for CD44S, as well as a restricted pattern of transcripts characteristic of CD44 splice variants. CD44S and CD44 variant exon nine sequences (CD44-9v) were focally expressed in one of two NOSE specimens examined by immunoperoxidase staining. In comparison, the majority (71%) of ovarian cancer specimens expressed a complex pattern of CD44 splice variants by RT-PCR analysis. Immunoperoxidase studies revealed that the majority of ovarian cancer specimens expressed both CD44S and CD44-9v, whereas expression of sequences from variant exons 3, 4, and 6 was uncommon. There was no association between CD44 variant expression (transcript or protein) and stage, residual disease, age, histology, grade, or survival. CONCLUSION Expression of CD44S and CD44-9v is a common feature of epithelial ovarian cancer cells. The lack of a significant association between CD44 variant expression and prognosis suggests that other factors may be more important in determining the clinical behavior of this disease.
Predicting Type 1 Diabetes Using Biomarkers
Authors: Ezio Bonifacio
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Clinical type 1 diabetes is preceded by an asymptomatic phase that can be identified by serum islet autoantibodies. This perspective proposes that there is now sufficient evidence to allow a broader use of islet autoantibodies as biomarkers to diagnose type 1 diabetes that is already at an asymptomatic stage, so that attempts to prevent clinical hyperglycemia become a feature of disease management. Prediction would first, therefore, shift toward the use of genetic and other biomarkers to determine the likelihood that islet autoimmunity will develop in an infant, and second, toward metabolic assessment to stage and biomarkers to determine the rate of progression to hyperglycemia in children in whom islet autoimmunity is diagnosed. A case is presented for future comprehensive risk assessment that commences at birth and includes attempts to predict, stage, and prevent initiation and progression of the disease process at multiple stages. The biomarkers required achieving this level of sophistication and dissemination are discussed.
Changes in Sensitivity to Cyclophosphamide of Mouse Mammary Tumors During Serial Transplantation
Authors: M Sluyser, C C De Goeij, S G Evers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article Changes in Sensitivity to Cyclophosphamide of Mouse Mammary Tumors During Serial Transplantation Get access Mels Sluyser, Mels Sluyser Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cornells C. J. De Goeij, Cornells C. J. De Goeij Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Siegina G. Evers Siegina G. Evers Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 66, Issue 2, February 1981, Pages 327–330, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/66.2.327 Published: 01 February 1981 Article history Received: 15 April 1980 Accepted: 11 September 1980 Published: 01 February 1981
Prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy by adenosine antagonists in rats with chronic nitric oxide deficiency.
Authors: C M Erley, N Heyne, K Burgert, J Langanke, T Risler, H Osswald
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

To evaluate therapeutic options for the prevention of radiocontrast media (RCM)-induced nephropathy, a model was developed in which rats received NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 10 wk in order to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) synthetase. This study tests the hypothesis that infusion of an adenosine antagonist before RCM application may avoid the vasoconstrictive response in NO-depleted rats. Rats received L-NAME for 10 wk orally (50 mg/L drinking water) to achieve NO depletion. Renal function was determined by [3H]inulin clearance for analysis of the GFR and by flowmetry for assessing renal blood flow (RBF). After a control clearance period (baseline clearance period), the renal response to RCM application (sodium diatrizoate, 2 ml/kg body wt) was measured two times every 30 min starting 30 min after RCM application (clearance periods 1 and 2). L-NAME rats and control rats received two adenosine antagonists. The nonselective adenosine antagonist theophylline was given as an initial bolus of 50 mumol/kg body wt within 10 min, followed by continuous infusion of 100 mumol/kg body wt per h, and the specific adenosine A1-receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) was given as a bolus of 100 micrograms/kg body wt before RCM application. Results were compared with vehicle infusion. In the control group, no significant change of GFR or RBF could be detected after application of RCM with or without prior infusion of DPCPX or theophylline. In L-NAME rats, RBF decreased significantly after RCM application (baseline, 5.6 +/- 0.2 ml/min; first clearance period, 4.6 +/- 0.3 ml/min [P < 0.05]; second clearance period, 4.3 +/- 0.3 [P < 0.01]). GFR was also reduced in L-NAME rats without previous infusion of theophylline or DPCPX (baseline, 0.95 +/- 0.1 ml/min; first clearance period, 0.83 +/- 0.1 ml/min; second clearance period, 0.69 +/- 0.1 ml/min [P = 0.058]). Prior treatment with either theophylline or DPCPX resulted in complete protection against a decline of RBF and GFR induced by RCM in L-NAME rats. Rats with chronic NO blockade showed a significant increase of the renal vasoconstrictive effect of contrast media. Application of L-NAME in rats seems to constitute a suitable animal model to study the pathophysiology of radiocontrast media-induced nephropathy. In this animal model, administration of adenosine antagonists prevented the decline of GFR and RBF.
Skin test evaluation of a novel peptide carrier–based vaccine, BM32, in grass pollen–allergic patients
Authors: Verena Niederberger, Katharina Marth, Julia Eckl-Dorna, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Milena Weber, Wolfgang Hemmer, Uwe Berger, Angela Neubauer, Frank Stolz, Rainer Henning, Rudolf Valenta
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Osteomas in OF-1 Mice: No Alteration in Biologic Behavior During Long-Term Treatment With Cyclosporine
Authors: Jeffrey T. Wilson, Rolf E. Hauser, Bernhard Ryffel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

During the course of a long-term oral study in OF-1 mice for the assessment of any carcinogenic potential of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine (CS-A), a high incidence of osteomas was found in all treatment groups as well as in controls. The incidences of osteoma-bearing mice were 20% in control male and 30% in control female mice; the respective incidences in all treated mice were 14.7% for males and 38% for females. The osteomas were found to occur in multiple sites in 70% of control males, in 73.3% of control females, and from all treated groups in 54.5% of males and 64.9% of females. The pelvis and sacrum were most frequently involved (42%), followed by the hindlimbs (32%), the skull (14.5%), the vertebral column (6.5%), the forelimbs (4%), and the sternum and ribs (1%) in control animals. The distribution of osteomas was similar in treated mice and did not differ significantly from controls. Histologic and ultrastructural analysis confirmed benign osteomas with abundant C-type viral particles. Thus a previously unobserved spontaneous high incidence of osteomas was reported in OF-1 mice. Immunosuppressive treatment with CS-A did not change the incidence or the biologic behavior of these osteomas.
“Unmasking” of Human Lymphoid Cell Heteroantigens by Neuraminidase Treatment
Authors: Steven A. Rosenberg, Barbara A. Plocinik, G. Nicholas Rogentine
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Treatment of human lymphoid tissue-culture cells and fresh human lymphocytes with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NASE) under conditions that removed 65% of the cell-surface sialic acid uncovered surface structures capable of reacting with substances, probably antibodies, in normal rabbit serum. Three to five times more of these surface components were detectable on NASE-treated cultured lymphoid cells than on untreated cells. The antibody in normal rabbit serum could be removed by absorption with NASE-treated lymphoid cells in the presence of ethylene-diamine tetraethylacetate without lowering complement levels.
Growth factor activity in the lung during compensatory growth after pneumonectomy: evidence of a role for IGF-1
Authors: RJ McAnulty, D Guerreiro, AD Cambrey, GJ Laurent
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Unilateral pneumonectomy in rats causes compensatory growth of the remaining lung. During this growth, there are large increases in the cell numbers and in the rates of collagen and non-collagen protein production. We examined possible mechanisms by which these changes might occur. Assessment of the effect of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid on fibroblasts in vitro demonstrated the presence of stimulatory activity for fibroblast replication in control animals. This activity was greatly increased two and six days postpneumonectomy (115 +/- 26% and 75 +/- 18% above control values, respectively), but had returned to normal by 14 days. Preliminary characterization suggests that the activity is heat labile and consists of at least two moieties with apparent molecular weights of 5-15 kD and 70-220 kD. The activity was partially blocked by antibodies to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and levels of IGF-1 were increased by about 100% (p less than 0.001) two days after pneumonectomy compared with control values. Examination of BAL cells demonstrated an early influx of leucocytes into the remaining lung of pneumonectomized rats. At two days, about 25% of the lavageable cells were neutrophils, but macrophages were the predominant cell type at all times. The extravascular albumin space of the lung increased by about 65% (p less than 0.01), six days after pneumonectomy. The influx of circulatory proteins and cells are potential sources of the increased mitogenic activity observed in the lung.
Pirfenidone in diffuse parenchymal lung disease after stem cell transplantation of a patient with dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: Martin Rosewich, Olaf Eickmeier, Jonas Eckrich, Ralf Schubert, Stefan Zieen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  Over the last years the clinical evaluation and management of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) progressed quickly. Elucidation of pathobiological mechanisms led to new therapeutic approaches with promising clinical results. Pirfenidone is an orally administered pyridine for the treatment of mild to moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The mechanism of action is not fully understood yet and it might also be a useful therapeutic approach in other lung diseases.   Case Presentation:  We report on an 18 year old female patient receiving bone marrow transplantation twice by the age of 5 for the suspected diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome. The underlying condition in fact was dyskeratosis congenita. After transplantation she developed a mild graft versus host disease of the lung. Six years later lung function declined quickly and didn9t respond to steroid pulses (VC max  1.37l, 55%-pred., FEV1 0.98l, 47%-pred.). Diffusion capacity of the lung for CO (DLCO) dropped to 16% and the patient became oxygen dependent. Lung biopsies revealed bronchiolitis, alveolitis and subpleural fibrosis. After introduction of pirfenidone to therapy lung function (VC max  1.55l, 64 %-pred., FEV1 1.0l, 50%-pred.) and DLCO (34%) increased.   Conclusion:  For DPLD few treatment options are available yet, especially in steroid unresponsive cases. Due to the broad mechanism of action pirfenidone might be a useful therapeutic approach in other lung diseases leading to fibrosis like.
Medical thoracoscopy in pneumothorax
Authors: A.K. Singh, Vivek Nangia, R.S. Chatterji, Hemant Tewari, Navin Dalal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Spontaneous pneumothorax is associated with high morbidity often requiring hospital admission and recurrences. Medical thoracoscopy may find a important place in management of pneumothorax. Aims & objectives: To assess role of medical thoracoscopy in spontaneous pneumothorax on duration of intercostal drainage (ICD), hospital stay and recurrence of pneumothorax. Methods: A retrospective study in pneumothorax of > 20% of hemithoracic volume & had failed attempted simple aspiration. Visceral pleura & the underlying lung were examined & classified according to Vanderschueren’s classification using semirigid Olympus thoracoscope. Treatment modality adapted according to the stage.  Results: Total 32 patients (28 males & 4 females) with age group of 25-55 years (mean age 40.28 years). The no of patients in Vanderschueren’s stage 1, 2, 3 & 4 were 12(37.5%), 2(6.25%), 6(18.75%) & 12(37.5%) respectively. The mean duration of ICD in Stage 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 3, 4.5, 4.3 & 6 days respectively. The mean duration of hospital stay in Stage 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 4, 5.5, 5.5 & 7 days respectively. Recurrence at 18 months was seen in 1(3.12%) patient. Conclusion: Medical thoracoscopy is safe, cost effective, reduces hospital stay and when combined with pleurodesis reduces risks of recurrence especially in Stage 2, 3 patients and in stage 4 if VATS is contraindicated.
New Treatment Options in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Andrew J. Armstrong
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Most of the updates in the 2015 NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Prostate Cancer center on the systemic therapy front, with a host of newer agents in the mix. At the NCCN 20th Annual Conference, Dr. Andrew J. Armstrong discussed some of the key developments in metastatic castration-resistant and castration-sensitive prostate cancer, particularly the conflicting results on repurposing docetaxel in castration-sensitive disease, the specific population who may experience greater survival benefit from immunotherapy in castration-resistant disease, updated data on the use of androgen receptor and biosynthesis inhibitors, and the emerging role of AR-V7 (androgen-receptor splice variant 7 messenger RNA) as a biomarker of treatment response.
Blood eosinophil leukotriene C4 production in asthma of different severities
Authors: M Laviolette, C Ferland, JF Comtois, K Champagne, M Bosse, LP Boulet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

In asthma, activation and recruitment of eosinophils to the bronchial mucosa amplifies many cellular functions. The blood eosinophil count and the number of hypodense eosinophils increase with asthma severity. Eosinophils produce numerous proinflammatory mediators in response to a variety of agonists, notably the peptido-leukotriene (LT) C4, a potent bronchoconstrictor. In this study, we have evaluated blood eosinophil LTC4 release and its modulation by cytokines in normal individuals and in subjects with asthma of various severities: mild (beta 2-agonist on demand); moderate (inhaled steroids on a regular basis); and severe (inhaled and oral steroids on a regular basis). Eosinophils were isolated using a modified Percoll gradient technique, which recovers both hypodense and normodense eosinophils in a global cell population. Eosinophils released detectable amounts of LTC4 only in the presence of the stimulus (calcium ionophore A23187, 2 microM). The ionophore-induced LTC4 release was greater in moderate asthmatics (mean +/- SEM 5.7 +/- 1.3 pg x 10(3)/250,000 eosinophils) than in normal individuals (1.6 +/- 0.4 pg x 10(3)/250,000 eosinophils), mild asthmatics (1.8 +/- 0.3 pg x 10(3)/250,000 eosinophils) and severe asthmatics (2.0 +/- 0.3 pg x 10(3)/250,000 eosinophils). Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) amplified the ionophore-induced LTC4 release in the four groups from 1.9 to 2.6 and 1.9 to 2.8 fold, respectively. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) did not increase LTC4 production except by the eosinophils of the severe asthmatics whose ionophore-induced LTC4 production was enhanced by 1.9 fold. These data demonstrate that the asthmatic bronchial inflammatory process may modify blood eosinophil LTC4 release and its modulation by cytokines according to asthma severity and treatment.
Abnormalities of Chromosome Bands 13q12 to 13q14 in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Nyla A. Heerema, Harland N. Sather, Martha G. Sensel, Mei K. Lee, Raymond J. Hutchinson, James B. Nachman, Gregory H. Reaman, Beverly J. Lange, Peter G. Steinherz, Bruce C. Bostrom, Paul S. Gaynon, Fatih M. Uckun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Little is known about nonrandom deletions of chromosome bands 13q12 to 13q14 (13q12–14) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We determined the prognostic significance of cytogenetically identified breakpoints in 13q12–14 in children with newly diagnosed ALL treated on Children’s Cancer Group protocols from 1988 to 1995. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Breakpoints in 13q12–14 were identified in 36 (2%) of the 1,946 cases with accepted cytogenetic data. Outcome analysis used standard life-table methods. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (47%) with an abnormal 13q12–14 were classified, according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), as poor risk, and 15 patients (42%) were standard risk; four (11%) were infants less than 12 months of age. Eight cases had balanced rearrangements of 13q12–14, 27 patients had a partial loss of 13q, and one had both a partial gain and a partial loss. The most frequent additional abnormalities among these patients were an abnormal 12p, a del(6q), a del(9p), a 14q11 breakpoint, and an 11q23 breakpoint. Nineteen patients were pseudodiploid, 10 were hyperdiploid, and seven were hypodiploid. Patients with an abnormal 13q12–14 had significantly worse event-free survival than patients lacking such an abnormality, with estimates at 6 years of 61% (SD = 14%) and 74% (SD = 1%), respectively (P = .04; relative risk = 1.74). Overall survival, however, was similar for the two groups (P = .25). The prognostic effect of an abnormal 13q was attenuated in a multivariate analysis adjusted for NCI risk status and ploidy (P = .72). CONCLUSION: Aberrations of 13q12–14 may contribute to leukemogenesis of childhood ALL and confer increased risk of treatment failure but are associated with other poor-risk features.
Regulatory Variants for the Expression of H-2 Antigens. II. Level of Discrimination of Cell-Mediated Cytolysis 2
Authors: T. V. Rajan, Barry R. Bloom, Stanley G. Nathenson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

We used alloantigenic variants to analyze whether killer T-cells and antibody in the presence of complement (two effector components of the immune system) recognized the same determinants on target tissues. The variants were selected from mouse myeloma cells by immune selection and differed from the parent cell in that they did not express H-2 antigens. The results suggested that both killer T-cells and humoral effectors recognized these determinants, though the killer T-cells may have been more sensitive either in recognizing these determinants or mediating lysis.