tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor marker kinetics: Better than imaging to assess response to chemotherapy?
Authors: R. J. de Haas, D. A. Wicherts, E. Flores, M. Ducreux, F. Lévi, B. Paule, D. Azoulay, D. Castaing, A. Lemoine, R. Adam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

4072 Background: As significance of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen19.9 (CA19.9) kinetics during preoperative chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases (CLM) is still unknown, we explored the correlation between biological and radiological response on chemotherapy, and their comparative impact on outcome. Methods: All patients resected for CLM at our hospital between 1990 and 2004 who met the following criteria were included in the study: 1) preoperative chemotherapy, 2) complete resection of CLM, 3) no extrahepatic disease, 4) elevated tumor marker values. A 20% change of tumor marker levels was used to define biological response and progression. Correlation between biological and radiological response at CT-scan (RECIST-criteria), and their impact on overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were determined. A multivariate analysis was performed for OS and PFS. Results: A total of 119 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. From 94 patients with response or stabilization and 19 with progression at CT-scan, 88 (94%) and 18 (95%), respectively, had similar biological evolution for CEA. From 57 patients with response or stabilization and 11 with progression at CT-scan, 52 (91%) and 7 (64%) had similar biological evolution for CA19.9. Prognostic impact of biological and radiological response is shown in the table. Radiological response independently predicted OS. Progression of CA19.9, but not radiological response, was an independent predictor of PFS. Conclusions: In patients with CLM and elevated tumor markers, biological response is as accurate as CT-imaging to assess ‘clinical’ response. CA19.9 kinetics have even a better prognostic value than radiological response with regards to PFS. Prognostic impact of biological and radiological response No. of patients 5-year overall survival (%) P 5-year progression- free survival (%) P Radiological response Response or stabilization 100 29 0.09 11 0.02 Progression 19 7 0 Biological response - CEA Response or stabilization 89 28 0.36 10 0.07 Progression 24 14 0 Biological response - CA19.9 Response or stabilization 56 33 0.002 13 0.01 Progression 12 0 0 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
High-dose melphalan, etoposide, and carboplatin followed by autologous stem-cell rescue in pediatric high-risk recurrent Wilms' tumor: a French Society of Pediatric Oncology study.
Authors: F Pein, J Michon, D Valteau-Couanet, E Quintana, D Frappaz, J P Vannier, T Philip, C Bergeron, M C Baranzelli, A Thyss, J L Stephan, P Boutard, J C Gentet, J M Zucker, M F Tournade, O Hartmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE The three-drug combination of melphalan (M), etoposide (E), and carboplatin (C) followed by autologous stem-cell (ASC) rescue has been evaluated prospectively by the French Society of Pediatric Oncology (SFOP) in pediatric high-risk recurrent (HRR) Wilms' tumor (WT) patients with chemotherapy-responsive disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS From October 1988 to October 1994, 29 patients with HRR WT were treated in nine SFOP centers. Two additional patients with stage IV anaplastic WT were consolidated in first complete response (CR) with the same regimen and have been studied separately. The regimen consisted of M 180 mg/m2 for 1 day, E 200 mg/m2/d for 5 days, and C at a daily targeted area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 4 mg x min/mL for 5 days. ASCs were reinfused 48 hours after M. RESULTS Twelve of 28 assessable patients with HRR WT are still in continuous CR at a median of 48.5 months (range, 36 to 96) after consolidation. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method at 3 years were 50%+/-17% and 60%+/-18%, respectively. Sixteen patients relapsed at a median of 8.5 months (range, 3 to 53) after consolidation. Toxicity data are available in 31 grafted patients. Grade III and IV toxicities included hematologic side effects (n=31), hemorrhage (n=8), mucositis (n=24), diarrhea (n=12), renal disorders (n=8), and pneumonitis (n=3). CONCLUSION The adverse prognostic factors (APF) used to select patients for this dose-intensive chemotherapy define children with very-poor-risk recurrent WT. Despite high treatment-related toxicity, about half of these patients remain disease-free at 3 years. Patient outcome is statistically better when high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) is performed as early as the second CR or partial response (PR). Novel therapeutic approaches with innovative preparative regimens are warranted for the remaining high-risk patients.
Comparison of community acquired pneumonias which require admission to intensive care unit depending on etiology: Legionella vs pneumococcus
Authors: Maria Alfonso, Marta Inchausti, Beatriz Gόmez, Nuria Marina, Luis Alberto Ruiz, Ainhoa Gόmez, Sandra Pedrero, Iratxe Seijas, Rafael Zalacain
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective: To describe the differences between pneumococcal bacteriemic pneumonias (PBP) and Legionella pneumonias (LP) which needed admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Methods: A cross sectional study was performed from 1/1/2000 to 1/10/2010. We analized patients with diagnosis of PBP and LP. All patients were admitted in the ICU of our Hospital. We analized clinical, analytical and prognosis differences depending on etiologic agents: Pneumococcus (positive blood culture) and Legionella (positive urine antigen). Immunodeficent patients and health care patients were excluded.

Results: We included 115 patients: 63 (55%) PBP and 52 (45%) LP.

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Conclusions: 1. Both groups had a similar age. Patients with LP were more smokers and suffered less pleural pain. 2. Patients with LP had more hiponatremia and received previous antibiotic treatment on higher rates. 3. At admission NBP had greater severity indexes with more favourable evolution. 4. Mortality was similar in both groups.
Role of rectal route in treating cancer pain: a randomized crossover clinical trial of oral versus rectal morphine administration in opioid-naive cancer patients with pain.
Authors: F De Conno, C Ripamonti, L Saita, T MacEachern, J Hanson, E Bruera
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE The aim of this double-blind, double-dummy, crossover study was to compare the efficacy, tolerability, and time of onset of analgesia after the administration of 10 mg of morphine hydrochloride via the oral and rectal routes in opioid-naive cancer patients with pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-four patients with cancer pain and no previous opioid treatment were randomized to receive morphine hydrochloride 10 mg orally or rectally (in the form of a microenema) for 2 days. During days 3 and 4, a crossover took place. The scores of pain, nausea, and sedation (visual analog scale of 0 to 100) calculated as the percentage change from baseline (before opioid administration) were assessed at different intervals up to 240 minutes. The number of vomiting episodes was recorded. Parity tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to compare the two administration routes. RESULTS A significant difference in pain intensity was achieved 10 minutes after rectal administration compared with 60 minutes after oral administration. There was still a significant reduction in pain via the rectal route after 180 minutes versus via the oral route after 120 minutes. No significant difference was observed in the intensity of sedation, nausea, or number of vomiting episodes between the oral and rectal routes. CONCLUSION A liquid solution of morphine is well absorbed via the rectal route. Rectal morphine is safe, effective, easy to manage, and inexpensive, with a rapid onset of action. Rectal morphine can be considered a valid alternative route for opioid administration and may also be used when rescue doses of morphine are required in patients regularly treated with oral or parenteral opioids.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults ≥18 years of age in a well defined area of Badalona, Spain
Authors: Antoni Sicras-Mainar, Isabel Cifuentes, Cristina Méndez, Ruth Navarro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  It is known that CAP often requires hospital admission. However, the prevalence between hospitalizations and outpatient visits for CAP is not well established.   Objetive:  To analyse differences between adults with CAP treated as inpatients or as outpatients in a well-defined health care area.   Methods:  Retrospective review of medical records of patients ≥18 years old diagnosed with CAP from January 1 st  2008 to December 31 st  2009 belonging to Badalona (population ≥18 years: 90315) and attended by 6 primary care centres and 2 hospitals.   Results:  581 patients were included in the study (incidence rate: 6/1000 adults). 71.5% were diagnosed at hospital settings. Hospitalised patients (41.5%) were older (mean age: 66.6 years vs. outpatients: 51 years; p Streptococcus pneumoniae  was the most prevalent pathogen identified (57.5%: 71.9% in inpatients vs. 34.7% in outpatients). For inpatients, readmission rate was 19.1% and mortality rate 2.5%. Length of hospital stay was 4.4 days.   Conclusions:  Despite current therapeutic measures, CAP continues to be a major health issue with almost 1 out of 2 CAP patients requiring hospitalization. The increase in the future of elderly people and thus of comorbidities stress the need to implement better strategies for CAP prevention.
Molecular mechanisms underlying variations in lung function: a systems genetics analysis
Authors: Ma'en Obeidat, Ke Hao, Yohan Bossé, David C Nickle, Yunlong Nie, Dirkje S Postma, Michel Laviolette, Andrew J Sandford, Denise D Daley, James C Hogg, W Mark Elliott, Nick Fishbane, Wim Timens, Pirro G Hysi, Jaakko Kaprio, James F Wilson, Jennie Hui, Rajesh Rawal, Holger Schulz, Beate Stubbe, Caroline Hayward, Ozren Polasek, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Jing Hua Zhao, Deborah Jarvis, Mika Kähönen, Nora Franceschini, Kari E North, Daan W Loth, Guy G Brusselle, Albert Vernon Smith, Vilmundur Gudnason, Traci M Bartz, Jemma B Wilk, George T O'Connor, Patricia A Cassano, Wenbo Tang, Louise V Wain, María Soler Artigas, Sina A Gharib, David P Strachan, Don D Sin, Martin D Tobin, Stephanie J London, Ian P Hall, Peter D Paré
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2015)
Survivin Signaling in Clinical Oncology: A Multifaceted Dragon
Authors: Jagat R. Kanwar, Sishir K. Kamalapuram, Rupinder K. Kanwar
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2012)

Abstract Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein ( IAP ) family member preferentially expressed in a myriad of clinical cancers. The complex functional mechanism and regulatory roles of survivin in cell division and cell death has hindered current therapeutic regimes from decoding its diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance in the area of translational oncology. Pharmacological modulation of survivin was tagged with its evolving functional complexity associated with various cell‐signaling cascades including P I3 K / AKT , mammalian target of rapamycin (m TOR ), extracellular signal‐regulated kinases ( ERK ), mitogen‐activated protein kinases ( MAPK ), signal transducer and activator of transcription ( STAT ), hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α ( HIF ‐1α), heat‐shock protein 90 ( HSP 90), p53, B‐cell lymphoma 2 ( B cl2), epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ), vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) etc. The present review provides a multifaceted role of survivin and its mechanistic action in an array of clinical cancers. Furthermore, the utilization of novel nanotechnology‐based drug delivery systems for target‐specific hurling of tumors enabling contemporaneous detection, treatment, and therapeutic imaging in cancer therapy are discussed.
Comparison of doxorubicin and mitoxantrone in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using CHOP versus CNOP chemotherapy.
Authors: P Sonneveld, M de Ridder, H van der Lelie, K Nieuwenhuis, H Schouten, A Mulder, I van Reijswoud, W Hop, B Lowenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE AND METHODS A prospective, randomized, multicenter phase III trial was performed to investigate the feasibility of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy in elderly patients ( &gt; or = 60 years) with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of intermediate- and high-grade malignancy, and to compare the tolerance and efficacy of doxorubicin versus mitoxantrone (CHOP v CNOP). RESULTS Of 157 enrolled patients, 148 were eligible and 145 were assessable for response. Thirty-one percent of CNOP and 45% of CHOP patients completed six cycles without dose reduction. The cumulative normalized dose-intensity (NDI) was 92% with CHOP and 90% with CNOP after six cycles. The overall complete response (CR) rates were 49% and 31% in CHOP- and CNOP-treated patients, respectively (P = .03). Survival with CNOP was significantly worse as compared with CHOP (P = .03). Lymphoma-specific survival was significantly better in CHOP-treated patients (P = .034) At 3 years, 42% of CHOP and 26% of CNOP patients were alive. Additional unfavorable prognostic factors at diagnosis were high serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, bulky mass, and low performance status, but not age. The median disease-free intervals of complete responders were 27 (CHOP) and 15 (CNOP) months, respectively. Considering the complete group of patients, at 3 years 17% of CHOP and 13% of CNOP patients were alive and disease-free (P = .12). Common toxicity criteria (CTC) grade &gt; or = 2 with CNOP and CHOP was not different. CONCLUSION CHOP is well tolerated in elderly patients with advanced intermediate- or high-grade NHL and its NDI is not seriously impaired. Treatment with CHOP (doxorubicin) results in better CR and survival rates than CNOP (mitoxantrone). CHOP should be recommended for elderly patients with high-risk NHL.
Gene silencing of STAT6 with siRNA ameliorates contact hypersensitivity and allergic rhinitis
Authors: K. Hosoya, T. Satoh, Y. Yamamoto, K. Saeki, K. Igawa, M. Okano, T. Moriya, O. Imamura, Y. Nemoto, H. Yokozeki
Journal: Allergy (2010)

Silencing of genes using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a recently developed strategy to regulate the synthesis of target molecules. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a nuclear transcription factor that mediates Th2-type immunity.To elucidate the therapeutic potential of using siRNA to inhibit STAT6 in allergic reactions, we determined the nucleotide sequences of siRNA specific for STAT6.The selected sequences of STAT6 siRNA specifically inhibited the generation of STAT6 synthesis in dermal fibroblasts and eotaxin (CCL11) production in response to IL-4/TNF-α in vitro. Local administration of STAT6 siRNA in vivo alleviated contact hypersensitivity responses to chemical haptens. This was accompanied by reduced local production of IL-4, IL-13, eotaxin (CCL11), TARC (CCL17) and MDC (CCL22). Similarly, consecutive intranasal instillation of STAT6 siRNA markedly inhibited inflammatory cellular infiltration of mucosal tissues in allergic rhinitis responses in association with reduced IL-4 and IL-5 production from regional lymph node cells. Immediate responses, such as sneezing and nasal rubbing behaviors, were also improved by STAT6 siRNA.Local administration of STAT6 siRNA is thus a promising therapeutic strategy for both Th2-mediated cutaneous diseases and allergic rhinitis.
Phase I/II study incorporating intravenous hydroxyurea into high-dose chemotherapy for patients with primary refractory or relapsed and refractory intermediate-grade and high-grade malignant lymphoma.
Authors: W P Vaughan, E Kris, J Vose, P J Bierman, P Gwilt, J O Armitage
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE A phase I/II study was performed to evaluate the incorporation of hydroxyurea (HU) into high-dose chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-eight patients with primary refractory and refractory relapsed NHL were treated with carmustine (BCNU) (300 mg/m2 on day -8), cyclophosphamide (Cy) (2.5 g/m2/d on days -8 and -7), etoposide (E) (150 mg/m2 every 12 hours on days -6, -5, and -4), and HU (BCHE) with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell rescue. Twenty-one patients received HU in a dose escalation of 2 to 12 g/m2 intravenously (IV) by 72-hour continuous infusion. When the IV formulation was not available, 17 patients were given 18 g/m2 of HU orally in divided doses every 6 hours over the same 72-hour period. RESULTS The dose-limiting toxicity of 72-hour continuous infusion HU in this regimen was mucositis. Endotracheal intubation was necessary to protect the airway in two thirds of patients treated at 12 g/m2. Six patients (oral BCHE, five of 17; IV BCHE, one of 21) died with nonresponding or progressive disease and, at least in part, from the complications of the high-dose chemotherapy. Seventeen patients (45%) achieved complete remission (CR). More patients treated with IV BCHE achieved CR than patients treated with oral BCHE (12 of 21 v five of 17; P &lt; .1, chi 2 test). Nine patients (two of 17 oral BCHE and seven of 21 IV BCHE) remain disease-free as of January 31, 1994, with a minimum follow-up time of 3 years. The lower mortality and higher response rate with IV BCHE translated into a significantly superior probability of progression-free survival (PFS) (33% at 4 year v 12% for oral BCHE; P = .048, log-rank test). CONCLUSION High-dose BCHE is effective treatment for primary refractory and refractory relapsed NHL. Continuous IV HU appears to be less toxic and more effective than intermittent oral HU in this regimen.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation and hemostasis in patients with essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera
Authors: Anna Falanga, Marina Marchetti, Virgilio Evangelista, Alfonso Vignoli, Marina Licini, Mara Balicco, Stefano Manarini, Guido Finazzi, Chiara Cerletti, Tiziano Barbui
Journal: Blood (2000)
Use of the Leukocyte Migration Inhibition Assay To Evaluate Antigenic Differences in Human Breast Cancers and Melanomas
Authors: G. B. Cannon, J. L. McCoy, R. J. Connor, L. Jerome, L. Keys, J. H. Dean, R. B. Herberman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The leukocyte migration inhibition assay was used to compare the antigenic reactivity of 3 m KCI extracts of human tumors. Many extracts demonstrated strong reactivity with patient leukocytes, whereas others demonstrated weak or no reactivity. Extracts prepared from primary tumors or local recurrent tumors were more antigenic than extracts from involved lymph nodes or pleural effusions. The least reactive preparations were extracts made from specimens of liver metastases obtained at autopsy. A large standard extract tested at a standard concentration was useful for the evaluation of antigenic reactivity of human tumor extracts. It served as a point of reference in simultaneous tests with one blood sample from each individual, thus eliminating the influence of patient variation on extract reactivity.
Initial Paclitaxel Improves Outcome Compared With CMFP Combination Chemotherapy as Front-Line Therapy in Untreated Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: James F. Bishop, Joanna Dewar, Guy C. Toner, Jennifer Smith, Martin H.N. Tattersall, Ian N. Olver, Stephen Ackland, Ian Kennedy, David Goldstein, Howard Gurney, Euan Walpole, John Levi, Jennifer Stephenson, Renzo Canetta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To determine the place of single-agent paclitaxel compared with nonanthracycline combination chemotherapy as front-line therapy in metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with previously untreated metastatic breast cancer were randomized to receive either paclitaxel 200 mg/m 2 intravenously (IV) over 3 hours for eight cycles (24 weeks) or standard cyclophosphamide 100 mg/m 2 /d orally on days 1 to 14, methotrexate 40 mg/m 2 IV on days 1 and 8, fluorouracil 600 mg/m 2 IV on days 1 and 8, and prednisone 40 mg/m 2 /d orally on days 1 to 14 (CMFP) for six cycles (24 weeks) with epirubicin recommended as second-line therapy. RESULTS: A total of 209 eligible patients were randomized with a median survival duration of 17.3 months for paclitaxel and 13.9 months for CMFP. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who received paclitaxel survived significantly longer than those who received CMFP (P = .025). Paclitaxel produced significantly less severe leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, mucositis, documented infections (all P &lt; .001), nausea or vomiting (P = .003), and fever without documented infection (P = .007), and less hospitalization for febrile neutropenia than did CMFP (P = .001). Alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, and myalgia or arthralgia were more severe with paclitaxel (all P &lt; .0001). Overall, quality of life was similar for both treatments (P ≥ .07). CONCLUSION: Initial paclitaxel was associated with significantly less myelosuppression and fewer infections, with longer survival and similar quality of life and control of metastatic breast cancer compared with CMFP.
Cell Surface Glycoproteins of Human Tumor Cell Lines: Unusual Characteristics of Malignant Melanoma2
Authors: Kenneth O. Lloyd, Luiz R. Travassos, Toshitada Takahashi, Lloyd J. Old
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Journal Article Cell Surface Glycoproteins of Human Tumor Cell Lines: Unusual Characteristics of Malignant Melanoma Get access Kenneth O. Lloyd, Kenneth O. Lloyd 3Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10021. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Luiz R. Travassos, Luiz R. Travassos 3Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10021. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Toshitada Takahashi, Toshitada Takahashi 3Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10021. 4Present address: Department of Experimental Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lloyd J. Old Lloyd J. Old 3Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10021. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 63, Issue 3, September 1979, Pages 623–634, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/63.3.623 Published: 01 September 1979 Article history Received: 05 December 1978 Accepted: 29 March 1979 Published: 01 September 1979
Tumor priming by Apo2L/TRAIL reduces interstitial fluid pressure and enhances efficacy of liposomal gemcitabine in a patient derived xenograft tumor model
Authors: Bonnie L. Hylander, Arindam Sen, Sarah H. Beachy, Rose Pitoniak, Soumya Ullas, John F. Gibbs, Jingxin Qiu, Joshua D. Prey, Gerald J. Fetterly, Elizabeth A. Repasky
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)