tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci.
Authors: C S Easmon, M J Hastings, A J Clare, B Bloxham, R Marwood, R P Rivers, J Stringer
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The acquisition of group B streptococci by babies in a special-care baby unit and two postnatal wards was investigated over a six-month period using serology and phage typing. Sixty-three culture-positive babies were identified in the postnatal wards, one-third of whom had been born to mothers who were not carrying the organism in the genital tract or anorectal area during labour. A non-maternal source was identified for 14 of these 21 infants: either colonised mothers and babies in the same ward or, on one occasion, a member of the hospital staff. In the special-care baby unit, however, only one instance of nosocomial acquisition of group B streptococci was recorded despite a high prevalence of colonisation in the staff on the unit and the presence of heavily colonised babies. The results of this survey suggest that although sepsis caused by group B streptococci may be the result of nosocomial transmission, this may be prevented by careful attention to hygiene.
Lipoxygenase products induce neutrophil activation and increase endothelial permeability after thrombin-induced pulmonary microembolism.
Authors: M B Perlman, A Johnson, W Jubiz, A B Malik
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

We examined the mechanism of the neutrophil (PMN)-dependent increase in pulmonary vascular permeability to protein after thrombin-induced pulmonary microembolism. Humoral factors that activate PMNs after thrombin-induced pulmonary microembolism were characterized in pulmonary lymph obtained from unanesthetized sheep challenged with intravenous infusion of alpha-thrombin. Time-dependent increases in PMN migration, aggregation, and superoxide anion (O2-) generation were induced by the pulmonary lymph obtained within 20 minutes after thrombin infusion. The pulmonary lymph neutrophil activating factors present in ether extracts of lymph had retention times of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) by high-performance liquid chromatography. The postthrombin lymph samples containing the LTB4 and HETEs increased PMN O2- generation and endothelial monolayer permeability to 125I-albumin in the presence of PMNs layered on the endothelial monolayers. Control lymph samples replete with LTB4, 5-HETE, and 15-HETE induced increases in PMN O2- generation and endothelial monolayer permeability to 125I-albumin in the presence of PMNs layered on the endothelial monolayers. Maximal increases in PMN O2- production and endothelial permeability occurred when LTB4, 5-HETE, and 15-HETE were coincubated with PMNs, indicating a synergistic action of these mediators in inducing PMN activation. Endothelial monolayer permeability to 125I-albumin did not increase with postthrombin lymph samples obtained after pretreatment with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, L-651,392. The results indicate that lipoxygenase products generated in the lungs after thrombin-induced microembolism contribute to increased endothelial permeability secondary to PMN activation.
Firearm Injury Prevention
Authors: Miguel A. Faria Jr.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 August 1998Firearm Injury PreventionMiguel A. Faria Jr., MDMiguel A. Faria Jr., MDMedical Sentinel; Association of American Physicians and Surgeons; Macon, GA 31208Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-4-199808150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Since at least 1991, when the American Medical Association (AMA) launched its campaign against domestic violence, public health officials and researchers have aligned themselves with the AMA medical politicians and gun control advocates to intentionally convert the issues of domestic violence and street crime into a public health issue as a thinly veiled but grandiose effort at promoting gun control and citizen disarmament.Toward this goal, public health officials have misused taxpayers' money, which had been allocated by the U.S. Congress to the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control branch of the Centers for Disease Control ...References1. Faria MA Jr. Medical Warrior: Fighting Corporate Socialized Medicine. Macon, GA: Hacienda Publishing, 1997:107-20. Google Scholar2. Suter EA, Waters WC IV, Murray GB, Hopkins CB, Asiaf J, Moore JB, et al. Violence in America-effective solutions. J Med Assoc Ga. 1995; 84:253-63. Google Scholar3. Kates DB, Schaffer HE, Lattimer JK, Murray GB, Cassem EH. Guns and public health: epidemic of violence or pandemic of propaganda? Tennessee Law Review. 1995; 62:513-96. Google Scholar4. Cassel CK, Nelson EA, Smith TW, Schwab CW, Barlow B, Gary NE. Internists' and surgeons' attitudes toward guns and firearm injury pre vention. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:224-30. Google Scholar5. Firearm injury prevention. American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:236-41. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical Sentinel; Association of American Physicians and Surgeons; Macon, GA 31208 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1998Volume 129, Issue 4Page: 335KeywordsCrimeDomestic violenceEmotionsEpidemiologyFirearm injuriesHealth care policyHealth information technologyHealth promotionPrevention, policy, and public healthViolent crime Issue Published: 15 August 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A novel mouse model of depletion of stellate cells clarifies their role in ischemia/reperfusion- and endotoxin-induced acute liver injury
Authors: Rachel K. Stewart, Anil Dangi, Chao Huang, Noriko Murase, Shoko Kimura, Donna B. Stolz, Gregory C. Wilson, Alex B. Lentsch, Chandrashekhar R. Gandhi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Treatment of Lime in the Eye
Authors: G. C. Pether
Journal: BMJ (1939)

In the industrial processes involved in the making of lime it is necessary to take precautions to minimize the injuries which may be caused by this substance. I have already described certain measures of a prophylactic nature that have proved valuable in the protection of the skin. In this paper procedures for dealing with lime in the eye will be discussed. Some of these may be carried out in the works.
Fasting and post—methionine load homocyst(e)ine values are correlated with microalbuminuria and could contribute to worsening vascular damage in non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Mario Lanfredini, Paolo Fiorina, Maria Grazia Peca, Annamaria Veronelli, Alessandra Mello, Ettore Astorri, Pierpaolo Dall'Aglio, Angelo Craveri
Journal: Metabolism (1998)
181 TREATMENT BY RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION FOLLOWED BY SALVAGE TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHILD PUGH A CIRRHOSIS AND HCC WITHIN MILAN CRITERIA
Authors: G. Nkontchou, O. Seror, M. Aout, A. Laurent, N. Ganne Carrie, V. Grando Lemaire, J.-C. Trinchet, D. Cherqui, E. Vicaut, M. Beaugrand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Authors' reply
Authors: Anand K Patel, Christopher R Chapple
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Last year Hern et al published an editorial on knife crime and clearly the problem has not gone away. 1 A quick search of the Times website finds 90 hits on the single search term "stabbing" in the past three months alone.Several recent deaths have fuelled the perception that forensic knife injuries have become an epidemic, resulting in a knife amnesty and government discussion of new punitive measures.An increase in such injuries is supported by data from regional police forces and the Home Office, with 1200 reported attacks in London last year and 30% of homicides caused by knife injury. 2 Crimes defined as "more serious wounding or other act endangering life" almost doubled nationally from 1995 to 2005. 3 We audited forensic knife injuries at this hospital, one of Europe's busiest emergency departments, to establish the size of this problem in a representative urban area (east London).We extracted data on forensic knife injuries (excluding deliberate self harm) from a detailed prospectively recorded database of all trauma calls from July 2004 to June 2006 (these reflecting more severe injuries).Overall there were 309 forensic knife injuries; 259 patients were admitted, 184 were operated on, and eight died.The chest was the most common area injured (183/309 patients, 6/8 deaths).Most patients were men (297/309), and mean age was 28 (range 15-74).To give a measure of changing incidence over a longer time of a greater range of severity of injury, we also performed an audit of all cases coded as "stabbing" on the patient administration system during the 10 year period from July 1997 to June 2006 (figure).Over both periods, the data show an increase in the overall incidence of stabbings.Furthermore, increased need for surgical intervention in the prospective study may reflect increasing severity of injury.These data therefore seem to support the general perception that knife injuries are increasing.
Beneficial effect of resin salve in treatment of severe pressure ulcers: a prospective, randomized and controlled multicentre trial
Authors: A. Sipponen, J.J. Jokinen, P. Sipponen, A. Papp, S. Sarna, J. Lohi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Resin salve of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) has been used in folk medicine to heal wounds and infections. Objectives To study its clinical effectiveness in the treatment of pressure ulcers of the skin. Methods A prospective, randomized, controlled multicentre trial involving 37 patients with grade II–IV pressure ulcers in 11 primary care hospitals was carried out between 2005 and 2007. The ulcers were randomly allocated to receive either resin salve or sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrocolloid polymer treatment. The inclusion criterion was grade II–IV pressure ulcer. Exclusion criteria were a life expectancy of less than 6 months or a malignant disease. The primary outcome measure was complete healing of the ulcer within 6 months. Secondary outcome measures were partial healing of the ulcer, and successful eradication of bacterial strains cultured from the ulcers at study entry. Results Thirteen patients of the resin group and nine patients of the control group completed the 6‐month trial. All ulcers healed in 12 of the 13 patients (92%) in the resin group and in four of the nine patients (44%) in the control group (P =0·003; power 73%). Complete healing of the ulcers over time was significantly more common in the resin group than in the control group (P =0·013). Bacterial cultures from the ulcer area more often became negative within 1 month in the resin group. Conclusions Traditional resin salve is significantly more effective in the treatment of infected and noninfected severe pressure ulcers than cellulose polymer gauzes.
Bezoar formation and obstruction caused by a surgical nylon thread after gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Hyo Kang, Jong Hyun, Seung Kim, Sung Jung, Ja Koo, Hyung Yim, Sang Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 58-year-old man presented with postprandial pain that radiated to the right shoulder and right flank. He had undergone a laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with Billroth II anastomosis 2 months previously for Borrmann type III advanced gastric cancer. The operation had been uneventful and he had been discharged without any complications. However, about a week after being discharged he developed abdominal discomfort that worsened after eating. Because of the progressive postprandial abdominal pain, which was unrelated to gastric dumping syndrome or blind loop syndrome, his oral intake had reduced and he had lost 6 kg since the time of the operation.
When life saving treatment should be withdrawn in children
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health has tackled the difficult issue of withholding or withdrawing life saving treatment in children and defined five situations when such action might be appropriate (box).

Professor David Baum, president of the college, said: “Sometimes it is necessary to come to the conclusion that for an individual child … the more humane path is one of palliation, rather than a continuation of life saving treatment.”

The college's document says that advances in technology have resulted in some treatments that …
Type II Collagen and Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Darwin J. Prockop
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

All of us carry millions of variations in the sequences of our genomes and thousands of mutations in genes, some of which alter the amino acid sequences of proteins. The majority of the variations in genomes and even many of the changes in the sequences of proteins have no apparent effect on the risk of death or on longevity. The challenge of current molecular genetics is to distinguish the neutral variations from mutations that alter the functions of proteins sufficiently to predispose us to disease.In their study reported in this issue of the Journal, Liu et al. (pages 2294–2301) . . .
Voltage Dependence and Time Dependence of Contraction in Sheep Cardiac Purkinje Fibers
Authors: W. R. GIBBONS, H. A. FOZZARD
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Contractile behavior of the sheep cardiac Purkinje fiber was examined under voltage-clamp conditions in Tyrode's solution. For square depolarizing clamps to a given voltage, peak twitch tension depended on clamp duration if the duration was less than 80 to 90 msec, but measurable contractions could be obtained following 2-msec square clamps. Time to peak tension at 37°C remained constant as clamp duration was shortened. Twitch tension also depended on clamp voltage. The voltage at which tension was first seen, the position of the voltage-tension curve on the voltage axis, and the shape of the curve all were altered by a shift in the steady membrane voltage. After a contraction, recovery of the contractile system was voltage-dependent; recovery was complete in approximately 2 seconds if the muscle was repolarized to potentials more negative than -75 mv, and no recovery was found at potentials more positive than -20 mv. Step changes of voltage to potentials just below tension threshold rapidly inactivated the contractile mechanism without development of tension. These results show a voltage dependence and time dependence of the contractile mechanism which may be of considerable importance to understanding excitation-contraction coupling.
Prevention of Cardiac Dysfunction in Acute Coxsackievirus B3 Cardiomyopathy by Inducible Expression of a Soluble Coxsackievirus-Adenovirus Receptor
Authors: Sandra Pinkert, Dirk Westermann, Xiaomin Wang, Karin Klingel, Andrea Dörner, Konstantinos Savvatis, Tobias Größl, Stefanie Krohn, Carsten Tschöpe, Heinz Zeichhardt, Katja Kotsch, Kerstin Weitmann, Wolfgang Hoffmann, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, O. Brad Spiller, Wolfgang Poller, Henry Fechner
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) are the prototypical agents of acute myocarditis and chronic dilated cardiomyopathy, but an effective targeted therapy is still not available. Here, we analyze the therapeutic potential of a soluble (s) virus receptor molecule against CVB3 myocarditis using a gene therapy approach.We generated an inducible adenoviral vector (AdG12) for strict drug-dependent delivery of sCAR-Fc, a fusion protein composed of the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) extracellular domains and the carboxyl terminus of human IgG1-Fc. Decoy receptor expression was strictly doxycycline dependent, with no expression in the absence of an inducer. CVB3 infection of HeLa cells was efficiently blocked by supernatant from AdG12-transduced cells, but only in the presence of doxycycline. After liver-specific transfer, AdG12 (plus doxycycline) significantly improved cardiac contractility and diastolic relaxation compared with a control vector in CVB3-infected mice if sCAR-Fc was induced before infection (left ventricular pressure 59+/-3.8 versus 45.4+/-2.7 mm Hg, median 59 versus 45.8 mm Hg, P<0.01; dP/dt(max) 3645.1+/-443.6 versus 2057.9+/-490.2 mm Hg/s, median 3526.6 versus 2072 mm Hg/s, P<0.01; and dP/dt(min) -2125.5+/-330.5 versus -1310.2+/-330.3 mm Hg/s, median -2083.7 versus -1295.9 mm Hg/s, P<0.01) and improved contractility if induced concomitantly with infection (left ventricular pressure 76.4+/-19.2 versus 56.8+/-10.3 mm Hg, median 74.8 versus 54.4 mm Hg, P<0.05; dP/dt(max) 5214.2+/-1786.2 versus 3011.6+/-918.3 mm Hg/s, median 5182.1 versus 3106.6 mm Hg/s, P<0.05), respectively. Importantly, hemodynamics of animals treated with AdG12 (plus doxycycline) were similar to uninfected controls. Preinfection induction of sCAR-Fc completely blocked and concomitant induction strongly reduced cardiac CVB3 infection, myocardial injury, and inflammation.AdG12-mediated sCAR-Fc delivery prevents cardiac dysfunction in CVB3 myocarditis under prophylactic and therapeutic conditions.
Immunological Aspects of Transplantation Surgery
Authors: John J. Bergan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This slim but expensive volume reflects the quantum of change that has occurred in the 15 years since the appearance of Sir Michael Woodruff's tome,<i>Transplantation of Tissues and Organs</i>. In 1960, when that book was published, there was concern with the immunologic aspects of transplantation, but this was not yet a dominant theme. There was as much concern with moving tissues around in the body, which was also called transplantation, as with actual allografting and xenografting of living parts. Indeed, terminology itself has changed in that interim, so that terms such as homografting and heterografting are seldom used now. The very fact that surgeons can write intelligently and, at times, brilliantly about the immunologic manipulations attending organ grafting is another index of the degree of change that has occurred in this surgical art. Although this book was edited in England, it contains major contributions from this side of the
Cellular Origins and Thrombogenic Activity of Microparticles Isolated From Human Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Aurélie S. Leroyer, Hirotaka Isobe, Guy Lesèche, Yves Castier, Michel Wassef, Ziad Mallat, Bernd R. Binder, Alain Tedgui, Chantal M. Boulanger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Inhibition of growth of thrombus on fresh mural thrombus. Targeting optimal therapy.
Authors: B J Meyer, J J Badimon, A Mailhac, A Fernández-Ortiz, J H Chesebro, V Fuster, L Badimon
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Residual mural thrombus on severely damaged arterial wall is very thrombogenic. We tested the hypothesis that direct thrombin inhibition will block thrombus growth on fresh thrombus better than indirect thrombin inhibition, cyclooxygenase inhibition, or both. METHODS AND RESULTS A fresh mural thrombus was formed by directly perfusing fresh porcine blood for 5 minutes over severely damaged arterial wall at a high shear rate in a well-characterized ex vivo perfusion system. The average platelet (P) and fibrinogen (F) deposition (D) achieved in 5 minutes were 382 +/- 32 x 10(6) platelets/cm2 and 296 +/- 36 x 10(12) fibrinogen molecules/cm2, respectively. Thrombus growth on the fresh mural thrombus was quantitated by directly perfusing blood from pigs with 111In-labeled platelets and 125I-labeled fibrinogen for an additional 5 minutes over the preformed mural thrombus. Treatment included recombinant hirudin (1 mg/kg per hour IV) as a probe for thrombin, aspirin (5 mg/kg IV) as a platelet inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, heparin (moderate, 100 IU/kg per hour IV; high-dose, 250 IU/kg per hour IV) as an indirect thrombin inhibitor, and heparin (100 IU/kg per hour) plus aspirin (5 mg/kg IV). Thrombus growth as measured by labeled PD (x 10(6)/cm2) and FD (x 10(12) molecules/cm2) was mildly but not significantly reduced by aspirin (1034 +/- 92 and 436 +/- 78, respectively) compared with baseline (1113 +/- 67 and 545 +/- 52, respectively). Inhibition of thrombus growth with heparin was dose dependent. A regression analysis showed an inverse correlation of PD and FD with mean plasma heparin concentrations (r = -.81, P = .0001 and r = -.49, P = .0007, respectively). Recombinant hirudin led to a profound inhibition of thrombus growth (PD, 30 +/- 12; FD, 109 +/- 21), which was significant compared with all groups, even the highest dosage of heparin (250 IU/kg per hour). CONCLUSIONS Specific thrombin inhibition markedly inhibits platelet and fibrinogen deposition onto fresh mural thrombus at a high shear rate. Aspirin alone or in combination with heparin has little effect on evolving thrombosis. Heparin dose dependently reduces thrombus growth, but even the highest dosage is less effective than hirudin. Thrombin appears to be the primary activator of platelets by fresh thrombus.
Paranasal Sinuses and Anterior Skull Base
Authors: R. H. Lahren
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This anatomic atlas on CD-ROM and CD-I (compact disk interactive) demonstrates the potential for high-quality imaging on compact disk. It is the first in a series of anatomic studies on CD. It provides cross-section examinations of the sinuses and base of the skull that can be viewed and scanned in coronal, sagittal, and axial progression. A zoom feature is available in both anatomic and histological modes. Once installed, the program is very intuitive. Orientation can be easily changed from one plane to another or to histological, computed tomographic (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) views of the area being studied. Scanning in the various planes can be accomplished in a stepwise fashion and in fast-or slow-motion video. Various structures labeled in the anatomic sections can easily be accessed with the mouse. Although no labels are attached to the histological, CT, or MRI images, the anatomy sections can be quickly switched
Hepatocarcinoma in Association with the Alagille Syndrome
Authors: R P duCRET, J B CEFALU, B A ALFORD, G DRAKE, R J BOUDREAU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

An unusual image pattern of hepatocyte function in a 31-year-old man with the Alagille syndrome is presented. The Alagille syndrome is comprised of a constellation of findings, including characteristic facies, vertebral anomalies, retarded physical and sexual development, ocular posterior embryotoxon, peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis and intrahepatic ductular hypoplasia. Radiographic investigation of this patient with eventual biopsy also revealed the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. This is an extremely rare association of these conditions and represents the third reported case.