tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug Prohibition—Time to Reconsider?
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

OPINIONS tend to be stronger than data on illegal drugs. Apparently many people like it that way, given the brusque reaction to the suggestion by Surgeon General Joycelyn Elders, MD, that legalization merely be studied.  Despite hundreds of studies designed to identify the dangers of drugs, most of what is said pro and con about marijuana, the most widely used illegal drug, is conjecture. So is most of what is said about the effects of legalizing it and other popular so-called recreational drugs.  What is clear is that prohibition of these substances, like the failed noble experiment of alcohol prohibition, generates disease, crime, and corruption. It is also clear that the intense regulation of illegal drugs is thwarting scientific investigation into the value of these agents in medical therapy, as well as into the development of agents to treat addiction.  A small but growing number of people now advocate legalizing
Association between Diet and Lung Cancer Location
Authors: BURTON W. LEE, JOHN C. WAIN, KARL T. KELSEY, JOHN K. WIENCKE, DAVID C. CHRISTIANI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Lung cancers occur more commonly in the upper lobes than in the lower lobes, but its pathophysiologic basis is not well understood. Because numerous studies have reported a consistent inverse relationship between lung cancer risk and intake of certain vegetables and fruits, we hypothesized that the balance between diet-derived protective substances delivered via the circulation and cigarette-derived carcinogenic substances delivered via the airways would be less favorable in the upper lobes compared with the lower lobes, hence accounting for the upper lobe predominance of tumors among smokers. Thus, we examined the association between diet and tumor location in 328 patients with lung cancer. The ratio of upper to lower lobe tumors was 2.5:1.0. In univariate analysis, age, height, weight, sex, race, family history of cancer, education level, tumor histology, calories consumed per day, and intake of animal fat did not differ significantly between patients with upper versus lower lobe tumors. Predictors of tumor location in univariate analysis were family history of lung cancer; smoking history; history of asbestos exposure; and intakes of yellow-orange vegetables, α -carotene, β -carotene, and vitamins A, C, and E. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the independent predictors of upper lobe tumor location were family history of lung cancer (p = 0.03), history of asbestos exposure (p = 0.02), less intake of yellow-orange vegetables (p < 0.04), and less intake of vitamin E (p = 0.05). Our results show a strong inverse association between upper lobe location of lung cancer and intake of yellow-orange vegetables and vitamin E.
Two Cases of Lateral Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: E. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1908)

LATERAL SINUS THROMBOSIS.I JTVJWAZ 1563 small doses of lpecaouanha, and the constipation and distension associated with the 'vomiting also aubsided.On April 27th I examiaed the patient.I found that the left kidney was tender to toncd, and all of -it, except the upper pole, lay below, the level of the last rib.There wa3 no tumour nor hardening in the left loin, abiomen, or pelvic cavity.The enteroptoals had rather increased.Dr. Davidson saw the patient at the end of May, In very good health.
A survey of the social and psychological effects of psoriasis
Authors: B. RAMSAY, MYRA O'REAGAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

One hundred and four consecutive patients with psoriasis who were being treated in two Dublin dermatology hospital units answered a questionnaire. Social and emotional morbidity was present for many patients despite access to modern treatment facilities. Fifty five percent of patients had never experienced a complete remission from their psoriasis. A large percentage of patients avoided common social activities, for example swimming and sports; 50% felt that psoriasis had inhibited their sexual relationships and 11% of patients said they would avoid having children in case their offspring should develop the condition. Thirty-six per cent felt the hospital doctor spent most of the consultation time writing prescriptions and 59% of patients had never been given an explanatory pamphlet or book about psoriasis. To help patients to come to terms with what is for many a lifelong condition, greater efforts should be made to improve the communication at consultation, and provide more patient education.
SKIN THICKNESS AND SKINFOLD THICKNESS IN ANOREXIA NERVOSA
Authors: EDWARD STONEHILL, HEATHER NUNNERLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

SUMMARY.— Skin thickness measured radiographically and skinfold thickness measured by callipers were determined in 6 patients with anorexia nervosa before treatment and after restoration of body weight. Pre-treatment skin thickness measurements fell at the lower limit of normal or actually below this. Restoration of body weight resulted in little change in skin thickness in contrast to a large increase in subcutaneous fat as measured by skinfold thickness. These findings are discussed.
Randomised controlled trial evaluating cardiovascular screening and intervention in general practice: principal results of British family heart study
Authors: D A Wood, A L Kinmonth, G A Davies, J Yarwood, S G Thompson, S D M Pyke, Y Kok, R Cramb, C Le Guen, T M Marteau, P N Durrington
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To measure the change in cardiovascular risk factors achievable in families over one year by a cardiovascular screening and lifestyle intervention in general practice. <b>Design</b> : Randomised controlled trial in 26 general practices in 13 towns in Britain. <b>Subjects</b> : 12472 men aged 40-59 and their partners (7460 men and 5012 women) identified by household. <b>Intervention</b> : Nurse led programme using a family centred approach with follow up according to degree of risk. <b>Main outcome measures</b> : After one year the pairs of practices were compared for differences in (a) total coronary (Dundee) risk score and (b) cigarette smoking, weight, blood pressure, and random blood cholesterol and glucose concentrations. <b>Results</b> : In men the overall reduction in coronary risk score was 16% (95% confidence interval 11% to 21%) in the intervention practices at one year. This was partitioned between systolic pressure (7%), smoking (5%), and cholesterol concentration (4%). The reduction for women was similar. For both sexes reported cigarette smoking at one year was lower by about 4%, systolic pressure by 7 mm Hg, diastolic pressure by 3 mm Hg, weight by 1 kg, and cholesterol concentration by 0.1 mmol/l, but there was no shift in glucose concentration. Weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol concentration showed the greatest difference at the top of the distribution. If maintained long term the differences in risk factors achieved would mean only a 12% reduction in risk of coronary events. <b>Conclusions</b> : As most general practices are not using such an intensive programme the changes in coronary risk factors achieved by the voluntary health promotion package for primary care are likely to be even smaller. The government9s screening policy cannot be justified by these results.
Loss of glutamine synthetase in the human epileptogenic hippocampus: possible mechanism for raised extracellular glutamate in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: T Eid, MJ Thomas, DD Spencer, E Rundén-Pran, JCK Lai, GV Malthankar, JH Kim, NC Danbolt, OP Ottersen, NC de Lanerolle
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
Overindulgence and metabolic syndrome: is FoxO1 a missing link?
Authors: Janet D. Sparks, Charles E. Sparks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Excessive production of triglyceride-rich VLDL, which can result from dietary overindulgence, underlies metabolic syndrome — a combination of disorders including high blood pressure, obesity, high triglyceride, and insulin resistance — and places individuals at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. However, the link between VLDL overproduction and insulin resistance has remained unclear. VLDL assembly in the liver is catalyzed by microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). In this issue of the JCI, Kamagate et al. investigate the events controlling hepatic MTP expression and VLDL production and secretion (see the related article beginning on page 2347). They demonstrate that MTP is a target of the transcription factor FoxO1 and that excessive VLDL production associated with insulin resistance is caused by the inability of insulin to regulate FoxO1 transcriptional activation of MTP.
Treating Myocardial Infarction at Home
Authors: Peter Curtis
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I refer to the article entitled "Is It Good Practice to Treat Patients With Uncomplicated Myocardial Infarction at Home?" in a recent issue ofThe Journal.<sup>1</sup>The authors, using valid epidemiologic data, put forward a case for closer scientific scrutiny of the current practice in the United States of admitting all patients into coronary care units even though home care seems to provide equally beneficial outcomes in uncomplicated cases. This argument, laudable though it may be, illustrates some of the inherent difficulties in transposing the relevance of data accumulated in other countries (viz, England and Scandinavia) to this country without identifying some of the medical organization and social factors that significantly affect the data.<sup>2</sup>I am particularly aware of this problem, having practiced as a family physician both in England and the United States, and would like to illustrate my point as follows. Home care
A Tale of Two Receptors: Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling in Cancer
Authors: Douglas Yee
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Inhibition of the type I IGF receptor (IGF1R) has been the focus of numerous clinical trials. Two reports in this issue describe the results of phase I trials of an IGF1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor OSI-906. This commentary will describe the complex endocrine changes induced by these types of agents. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 667–9. ©2014 AACR. See related articles by Jones et al., p. 693, and Puzanov et al., p. 701
Medical Revolution in Minnesota: A History of the University of Minnesota Medical School
Authors: Leonard G. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his review of my book,<sup>1</sup>Dr Numbers states that in more than 600 pages "we learn virtually nothing about the many students who trained at Minnesota." In fact, the book contains many references to medical students. A freshman class party in February 1893 is described (pages 61 to 63), as is the medical students' realization in 1895 that they possessed unusual advantages at Minnesota (page 67). The frequency of illness and death among medical students from typhoid fever and tuberculosis at the turn of the century is mentioned (pages 93 to 94). The students' enjoyment of laboratory classes in bacteriology and their demand for further instruction in clinical microscopy is described (pages 100 to 102). The role of senior medical students in the first university hospital is mentioned (page 101). In chapter 10, the role of senior medical students in Base Hospital No. 26 during
Clinical predictors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia among Gram-negative bacterial infections in non-neutropenic patients with solid tumor
Authors: Eun-Jeong Joo, Cheol-In Kang, Young Eun Ha, Jungok Kim, Seung-Ji Kang, So Yeon Park, Nam Yong Lee, Yu Mi Wi, Doo Ryeon Chung, Kyong Ran Peck, Jae-Hoon Song
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
930-107 Does the Abnormal Endothelial Response of the Human Coronary Vasculature in Atherosclerosis Extend Beyond the Muscarinic Receptor?
Authors: Arshed A. Quyyumi, David Mulcahy, Syed S. Husain, Neil P. Andrews, Gregory B. Johnson, Rita Mincemoyer, Julio A. Panza, Richard O. Cannon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Endothelin as a neuropeptide. Cardiovascular effects in the brainstem of normotensive rats.
Authors: R Mosqueda-Garcia, T Inagami, M Appalsamy, M Sugiura, R M Robertson
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The relevance of endothelin in central cardiovascular function was studied in urethane-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood pressure (BP) was monitored intra-arterially, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected through an intracisternal catheter for radioimmunoassay of endothelin-1 (ET-1). Endothelin levels in the CSF were significantly higher (39 +/- 3 pg/ml) than in plasma (10 +/- 3 pg/ml, n = 11). ET-1 in CSF or plasma was not affected by systemic infusion of saline, but its levels significantly decreased when a sustained increase in BP was elicited with phenylephrine (14 +/- 7 pg/ml in the CSF and 6 +/- 4 pg/ml in plasma, n = 5). In sinoaortic-denervated animals, phenylephrine failed to reduce CSF endothelin levels. In different experiments, intracisternal administration of ET-1 (10 pmol) evoked an initial decrease in BP and heart rate (HR), followed by pronounced hypertension, bradycardia, and, in 70% of the animals, death from cardiorespiratory failure. Intracisternal administration of endothelin-3 (ET-3, 80 pmol, n = 11) evoked only a modest hypotensive and bradycardic response without cardiorespiratory impairment. Microinjection of ET-1 (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 pmol/60 nl) into the nucleus of the solitary tract or area postrema produced a decrease in BP and HR. On the other hand, injection of low concentrations of ET-3 into the nucleus of the solitary tract increased BP and HR (at 2 pmol, 17 +/- 3 mm Hg, 14 +/- 6 beats per minute, n = 7), whereas ET-3 in the area postrema produced a prominent dose-related decrease in BP and HR. In the rostroventrolateral medulla, the lowest doses of ET-1 first modestly increased BP and renal sympathetic nerve activity. These effects were followed by hypotension, bradycardia, increase in respiratory frequency, and further enhancement of sympathetic nerve traffic. In 29% of the animals, these effects were followed by cardiorespiratory arrest. The specificity of the cardiovascular response to endothelin was demonstrated by the inhibitory effects of the receptor antagonist BQ-123. These results demonstrate that endothelin has specific cardiovascular effects in the brainstem of the rat and support a role for endothelin in cardiovascular regulation.
The Acute Abdomen and Emergent Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Joel W. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The editors, with 71 contributors, have covered in a helpful and thorough manner the various problems of the acute abdominal crisis, including urological and gynecological emergencies. In the opening chapter, Ravdin gives general guidelines for handling the patient with an acute abdomen; and Bockus, after a physiologic analysis of abdominal pain, reviews the diagnostic differentiation between true abdominal and masquerading extra-abdominal lesions. After these excellent basic approaches, the reader is carried through the pitfalls of mistaken diagnosis, improper preparation for surgery, the special problems incident to infancy and old age, and the recognition and treatment of hemorrhagic and septic shock. Hodes and Stein summarize the helpful place that radiology holds in handling the acute abdominal crisis. The portion of this text dealing with abdominal trauma in itself makes the volume worthwhile. Covered adequately are problems of the biliary tract requiring urgent surgery, acute obstructions of the small and large intestine,
Reply to the article “Oral ibandronate is as active as intravenous zoledronic acid for reducing bone turnover markers in women with breast cancer and bone metastases” by J.-J. Body et al. (Ann Oncol 2007; 18: 1165–1171)
Authors: E. Yaman, M. Benekli, U. Coskun, B. Ozturk, A.O. Kaya, R. Yildiz, S. Buyukberber
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
RENAL INFARCTION OF TRAUMATIC ORIGIN
Authors: Howard A. Hirshberg
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Renal infarction in itself is not unusual. Its occurrence as the direct result of trauma is rare. Of 376 cases, in the great majority of which renal infarction was secondary to cardiac disease, in only 2 was it due to trauma. In Aschner's review,<sup>1</sup>von Recklinghausen is quoted as reporting the autopsy of an 8 year old boy who died eight days after a severe fall. The left renal artery showed a circular injury in the wall. Distal to this there was extensive thrombosis of all branches, and there was complete necrosis of the kidney. Barney and Mintz,<sup>2</sup>in their study of Massachusetts General Hospital protocols, found a similar instance of a man who died eight days after a fall on his back. The clinical picture was that of ruptured kidney, with shock, hematuria and the finding in the right flank of a mass. At autopsy a large
Abstract 5515: Combining FK228 and cisplatin synergistically induces cancer cell death and reduces clonogenic survival
Authors: Shambhunath Choudhary, Shilpa Sood, Lenora A. Pluchino, Hwa-Chain R. Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of FK228 (romidepsin) to increase cisplatin's ability to induce cell death and reduce clonogenic survival of human urinary bladder cancer cells. Human urinary bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the United States, but long-term, disease-free survival in patients is still suboptimal. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective chemotherapeutic regimens to decrease the morbidity and mortality of this cancer. FK228, a depsipeptide and histone deacetylase inhibitor, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of T cell lymphoma. However, its therapeutic value in treatment of bladder cancer is yet to be determined. Cisplatin is a DNA-damaging agent for treating various human cancers, including bladder, brain, ovary, lung, and testis cancers. However, the efficacy of cisplatin is often dampened by cancer cell drug resistance, mostly associated with glutathione (GSH)-based detoxification. Our study revealed that FK228 combined with cisplatin synergistically induced cell death and reduced clonogenic survival of human urinary bladder cancer cells. The Erk-Nox pathway played an important role in mediating signals highly increased by this combined treatment to induce significantly-elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, leading to substantially-induced caspase activation and synergistically-increased death in cancer cells. Cisplatin was able to enhance the ability of FK228 to significantly reduce GSH, indicating a novel activity of combined FK228 and cisplatin in reducing drug resistance. The ability of combined FK228 and cisplatin to synergistically induce cell death and reduce clonogenic survival was also applicable to colon cancer cells. Hence, combined use of FK228 with cisplatin should be considered in development of therapeutic strategies to control urinary bladder cancer and other cancer development and recurrence. Citation Format: Shambhunath Choudhary, Shilpa Sood, Lenora A. Pluchino, Hwa-Chain R. Wang. Combining FK228 and cisplatin synergistically induces cancer cell death and reduces clonogenic survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5515. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5515
Abstract 101: Pilot study of oral microbiome and risk of pancreatic cancer.
Authors: I-Hsin Lin, Jing Wu, Steven M. Cohen, Calvin Chen, Darren Bryk, Mollie Marr, Marcovalerio Melis, Elliot Newman, H Leon Pachter, Alexander V. Alekseyenko, Richard B. Hayes, Jiyoung Ahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Previous studies showed that periodontitis and tooth loss are associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer, suggesting possible role of oral bacteria in the pancreatic cancer etiology. We evaluated whether oral microbiome is associated with risk of pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis. Oral wash samples were collected from 13 pancreatic cancer patients, 3 pancreatitis patients and 12 healthy controls at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York. Ribosomal 16S rRNA genes from oral wash DNA were amplified by universal primers, barcoded, and sequenced with 454 FLX technology. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were binned into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 97% identify and further classified by taxonomy. Non-parametric Wilcoxon Mann Whiteney U test and Kuskal-Wallis test were conducted to compare the relative abundance of taxa across pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis and control groups. A total of 250,008 sequence reads (average 8,928 reads per sample) were observed. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria are major phyla, accounting for 96.5% of oral microbiota. We found that bacteroides genus was significantly more abundant in both pancreatic cancer patients (p = 0.002) and pancreatitis patients (p = 0.004) compared with control group. Further, BLAST search results indicate that the species most closely represented by the Bacteroides OTUs were oral pathogen. In addition, Corynebacterium (p = 0.033) and Aggregatibacter (p = 0.019) were less abundant in pancreatic cancer and pancretitis groups compared with controls. Data from this pilot study of oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer suggest that the differential abundance in bacteriodates and possibly Corynebacterium and Aggregatibacter, are associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. Bacteroides, Gram-negative bacillus bacteria, plays an important role in oral inflammation, including periodontitis. Further larger studies are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings. Citation Format: I-Hsin Lin, Jing Wu, Steven M. Cohen, Calvin Chen, Darren Bryk, Mollie Marr, Marcovalerio Melis, Elliot Newman, H Leon Pachter, Alexander V. Alekseyenko, Richard B. Hayes, Jiyoung Ahn. Pilot study of oral microbiome and risk of pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 101. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-101
Color Atlas of Cancer Cytology
Authors: Tilde S. Kline
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This is a handsome 354-page atlas with accompanying text. Fifty-eight pages relate to gynecologic cytology and the remainder emphasizes other types of specimens. The text is clear and concise. The author cites his own experience, as well as quoting amply from the literature, regarding collection techniques and statistical data. Needle aspiration biopsy from breast, lung, and brain lesions is interestingly reviewed. A large section is devoted to central nervous system cytology and material from the breast. Gastric cytology is stressed, including a brief description of cell collection by means of gastrofibroscope. The illustrations throughout are excellent, the majority photographed under oil immersion. There are many color plates. The one which displays ciliated cells from cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary is worthy of careful review and discussion about ciliation and its relation to malignancy. The cell studies usually are accompanied by histologic sections. Unfortunately, photographs of virus-affected cells are few and those