tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P417: Trans Fatty Acids in Serum are not Associated with Weight Gain in School-age Children
Authors: Ana Baylin, Wei Perng, Mercedes Mora-Plazas, Constanza Marin, Eduardo Villamor
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Childhood obesity is an independent predictor of later life obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. Yet, the biological processes that underlie excess weight gain among children are not well understood. There is some evidence that long-term intake of trans fatty acids may be associated with weight gain in animal and human studies. Higher intake of fast foods, which are rich in trans fatty acids, has been linked to overweight status among school-age children. However, the specific effects of trans fatty acids are unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that trans fatty acids will be associated with faster weight gain during school years. Methods: We quantified trans fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography in serum samples of 668 children aged 5-12 y at the time of recruitment into an ongoing cohort study carried out in Bogota (Colombia) since 2006. Serum levels of 16:1, 18:1, 18:2 and total trans fatty acids were used as biomarkers of intake. Anthropometric characteristics were measured periodically for a median of 30 months. BMI-for-age Z-scores (BAZ) were calculated with the use of the World Health Organization reference. We estimated mean change in BAZ over follow-up according to quartiles of each trans fatty acid at baseline using mixed effects regression models with restricted cubic splines. Results: Mean ± SD 16:1, 18:1, 18:2, and total trans fatty acids, as % of total serum fatty acids, were 0.21 ± 0.06, 0.86 ± 0.36, 0.92 ± 0.27, and 1.99 ± 0.59, respectively. None of them were associated with change in BAZ after adjusting for sex, baseline age, and socioeconomic status. Analyses stratified by sex yielded similar null results. Conclusions: Biomarkers of trans fatty acid intake were not associated with weight gain in school-age children. It is possible that there is not enough variability in the range of intake for this population to detect associations. Alternatively, the potential harmful effects of trans fatty acids may not become apparent until adulthood after long-term cumulative exposure.
Clinical development of novel therapeutics for castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Matthew D. Galsky, Alexander C. Small, Che‐kai Tsao, William K. Oh
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2012)

Abstract There have been more drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer in the past 3 years than in the prior 3 decades, with additional drugs on the verge of approval based on the results of recently reported randomized trials. While an improvement in the understanding of the pathogenesis of castration‐resistant prostate cancer has undeniably accelerated the transition of novel approaches from “bench to bedside,” the recent successes in the treatment of prostate cancer are also a result of the efforts of clinical investigators to redefine the framework in which drugs for castration‐resistant disease are evaluated. This review will explore the shifting paradigm in drug development for castration‐resistant prostate cancer over the past several decades, and highlight how new definitions, trial designs, and endpoints have facilitated the emergence of new therapies for this challenging disease. CA Cancer J Clin 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) of the uterus: A systematic review
Authors: Angela Musella, Francesca De Felice, A. Kyriacos Kyriacou, Francesco Barletta, Filippo Maria Di Matteo, Claudia Marchetti, Luciano Izzo, Marco Monti, Pierluigi Benedetti Panici, Adriano Redler, Vito D'Andrea
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
NHS faces medical negligence bill of pound2.6bn
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The NHS is facing a bill for medical negligence of £2.6bn ($3.6bn), double the amount it faced in 1997, a new report from the National Audit Office stated this week.

In addition, there is an estimated liability of a further £1.3bn relating to negligent episodes that are likely to have occurred but for which claims have not yet been received, it said.

Pointing out that the rate of new claims per thousand finished consultant episodes rose sevenfold between 1995-6 and 1999-2000, the report proposed several radical solutions …
Abstract #1703: TLC388: A novel camptothecin derivative for improved cancer therapy
Authors: Li-Xi Yang, Yunlong Tseng, Giovanni Melillo, Sheue-Fang Shih, Ching-Ju Ou, Lo Chang, Yu-Ru Chen, Jun-Jen Liu, Wayne Liao, Keelung Hong
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

TLC388 Hydrochloride (TLC388 HCl) is a novel derivative of Topotecan hydrochloride (TPT HCl). It has the basic molecular structure of TPT with a unique modification in the lactone ring. The intact lactone ring of the camptothecin scaffold is the pharmacologically active moiety. The lactone ring modification of TLC388 stabilizes the ring structure therefore improves the anti-tumor activity of TLC388 and reduces its toxicity. As a consequence, the in vitro studies showed that, when compared with TPT, TLC388 exhibits 2.5-fold increase in Topo I inhibitory potency by DNA relaxation assays and enhanced cytotoxicities in 14 out of 18 tested tumor cell lines. The highest cytotoxity enhancement factor is 116.7 obtained from colon cancer cell line HT-29. In addition, a preliminary mechanistic study also provided strong evidences that TLC388 is a potent inhibitor to HIF1 alpha pathway. In the animal studies, the anti-tumor activity of TLC388 was demonstrated in mouse syngeneic model and xenograft model. The values of the Efficacy Enhance Ratio (EER) to TPT obtained from 6 xenograft models range from 1.2 to 3. In addition, the combination of TLC388 with radiation treatments showed a dramatic increase in radiosensitivity of the cancer cells during both in vitro and in vivo studies. This result suggests a potential utility of TLC388 as a chemo-radiosensitizer for cancer treatment. Preliminary single-dose toxicity studies in mice and rats showed that TLC388 has a MTD around 160 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg for mice and rats respectively. That is 8-fold increase in mice and 2.5-fold increase in rats when compared with the MTD of TPT (18.6 mg/kg for mice and 24.6 mg/kg for rat). The GLP acute toxicity studies (QD5X) showed a MTD of 10mg/kg in rat and the NOAEL to be 0.6 mg/kg in beagle. The GLP repeated dose study (QD5X, 2X) showed the NOAEL to be 1 mg/kg in rats and 0.1 mg/kg in beagles. The common toxicities associated with the drugs of the same class, such as myelosupression, gastrointestinal toxicity, and body weight loss were also found after administrating TLC388 at higher drug doses. These toxicities were often recoverable and more tolerated in the 2nd cycle treatment. In summary, the non-clinical studies performed to date have shown that TLC388 is a potent anti-tumor agent with radiosensitization potential. TLC388 has been cleared for Investigative New Drug (IND) filing by US FDA in June 2008 and it is currently in phase 1 trial at several US and Taiwan clinical sites.  Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1703.
Civil War StressMigraine in FranceFirst Human InfectionSmoking Cessation in the UKCivil War StressMigraine in FranceFirst Human InfectionSmoking Cessation in the UK
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
‘Scoring with a punch’: facilitating Mohs surgery around small biopsy scars
Authors: A. Kapadia, W. Hussain
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article ‘Scoring with a punch’: facilitating Mohs surgery around small biopsy scars Get access A. Kapadia, A. Kapadia Department of Mohs Micrographic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leeds Centre for Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Hussain W. Hussain Department of Mohs Micrographic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leeds Centre for Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, U.K W. Hussain. E‐mail: walayat.hussain@leedsth.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 166, Issue 3, 1 March 2012, Pages 671–672, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10611.x Published: 01 March 2012
Abstract P282: Depressive Symptoms Are Associated with Worsening of Arterial Stiffness With Mental Stress
Authors: Pratik M Pimple, Amit J Shah, Cherie Rooks, J. Douglas Bremner, Ijeoma Ibeanu, Cristina Karohl, Luis D’Marco, Paolo Raggi, Viola Vaccarino
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Arterial stiffness is an important marker of cardiovascular risk which worsens with acute mental stress. Psychological conditions, particularly depression, have been linked to recurrent cardiac events and death, but the mechanisms are unclear. We examined whether depressive symptoms, anxiety and anger worsen arterial stiffness induced by mental stress. Methods: In 81 subjects with a history of MI in the previous 6 months, we used the SphygmoCor® Pulse Wave Velocity system at rest and 60 minutes after a standardized psychological stress (via speech task) and after a conventional physical (exercise or pharmacological) stress test. The central augmentation index (CAIx) was derived by pulse wave analysis software and the difference between CAIx after each stress condition and the respective resting phase was calculated. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), state and trait anxiety with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and state and trait anger with the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-II). Linear regression models were used to model the association between change in CAIx with each stress (dependent variable) and BDI total score, anxiety and anger subscales as individual predictors, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: Forty-one subjects were ≤ 50 years of age, 41 were female and 46 were non-white. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate significantly increased in response to mental stress (48 ± 23 and 30 ± 13 (mmHg), and 28 ± 18 (bpm); p&lt;0.001 for each), but this increase was not related to psychosocial risk factors. None of the psychosocial risk factors were associated with baseline/resting phase CAix. In unadjusted analysis, BDI total score, trait anger and trait anxiety were all significantly associated with an increase in CAIx with mental stress. After adjustment for demographic factors, CAD risk factors, CAD severity, and hemodynamic changes induced by mental stress, each 1-point increase in the BDI total score was associated with 0.34 units increase in mental stress-induced change in CAIx (95% CI: 0.10 - 0.57, p=0.005). The association did not persist for trait anger and anxiety, however. None of the psychological factors were related to changes in CAIx induced by physical stress. Conclusion: Higher depressive, but not anxiety or anger symptoms are associated with an increase in arterial stiffness during mental stress. This finding may provide a mechanistic link for the association between depression and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
233. Gene Control as a Therapeutic Intervention: Zinc-Finger Protein Transcription Factors as Regulators of the Molecular Determinants of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Yann Jouvenot, John R. Forsayeth, Siyuan Tan, Andrew McNamara, Raymond A. Chavez, Philip Gregory
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Neuropathic (or chronic) pain is a complex disorder resulting from injury to the nerve, spinal chord or brain. The American Pain Society estimates that nearly 50 million Americans are totally or partially disabled by pain, however, few effective yet well-tolerated treatments are available. Indeed, existing therapeutics cause a range of undesirable side effects primarily due to the difficulty in developing small-molecule drugs capable of specifically targeting the receptor/channel of choice. Treatment of chronic pain is a therefore a promising target for gene therapy strategies.
Interaction of vaccinia virus with adenocarcinoma 755.
Authors: F. E. Durr, B. A. Briody
Journal: Cancer Research (1963)

The effect of vaccinia virus on Carcinoma 755 (Ca-755) has been investigated, and it has been shown that tumor-inhibitory activity depends on the strain and concentration of the virus used. The most significant degree of oncolysis has been produced with the IHD-T and IHD-E strains of vaccinia virus. Almost complete suppression of tumor growth was obtained when 107.0 pock-forming units of virus were incubated with tumor fragments. Increasingly less tumor-inhibitory activity was demonstrable upon dilution of virus. Inhibition of tumor growth was accompanied by extensive multiplication of virus, but virus multiplication per se did not insure an oncolytic effect. The concentration of virus initially incubated with tumor fragments was found to be more critical in this respect than the titer of virus eventually obtained in the established tumor. Regardless of the extent of virus multiplication in Ca-755, hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibodies to vaccinia virus have not been detected in the sera of tumor-bearing mice. Virus shown to persist in Ca-755 tumors for periods up to 1 month has successfully been transferred along with tumor tissue through eleven serial transplants with but minimal effect on tumor growth. The multiplication and oncolytic activity of vaccinia virus were abolished upon implantation of virus-treated tumors into vaccinia-immunized mice.
Abstract 3666: Tumor microenvironment modulation enhances macrophage polarization and T-cell activation resulting in synergized anti-cancer effect
Authors: Yuhui Huang, Wen Jiang, Betty Y.S. Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Solid cancer microenvironment is heterogeneous in nature, comprised of many stromal cell types that work in concert with malignant tumor cells for its maintenance and growth. Among these cell types, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent a dominant cell population with immunosuppressive and proangiogenic properties. Present in most human cancers, histologic evidence of increased TAMs is often associated with poorer prognosis. Here, we show that the immunosuppressive properties of TAMs can be overcome by modulating tumor microenvironmental parameters. By restoring tumor vascular network and tissue perfusion via anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) antibody, significant reduction of tumor tissue hypoxia and acidosis can be accomplished. Alteration of these local environmental factors directly results in the polarization of TAMs from an immune inhibitory (M2-like) towards immune stimulatory (M1-like) phenotype. In addition, the restoration of aberrant and dysfunctional tumor vessels leads to changes in local cytokine and protein expression profiles that favor the recruitment of immune effector cells, including increased CXCL9 expression. As a result, both CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell populations were significantly increased within the tumor. Based on these findings, we tested the utility of combining the optimal dose of anti-VEGFR2 antibody therapy with B7-H4 blockade in breast cancer models. Our preliminary data suggests that such treatment enhanced TAM polarization to an anti-tumor phenotype, increased tumor immune cell infiltration and decreased T-cell inhibition, resulting in synergized anti-cancer effects. Therefore, these results suggest that tumor microenvironment modulating therapy provides a new and interesting strategy to augment active immunotherapy for breast as well as other cancer types. Citation Format: Yuhui Huang, Wen Jiang, Betty Y.S. Kim. Tumor microenvironment modulation enhances macrophage polarization and T-cell activation resulting in synergized anti-cancer effect. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3666. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3666
Abstract 11653: Prognostic Value of Combination of Flow-Mediated Vasodilation and Nitroglycerine-Induced Vasodilation
Authors: Masato Kajikawa, Yukihito Higashi, Tatsuya Maruhashi, Yumiko Iwamoto, Takeshi Matsumoto, Akimichi Iwamoto, Nozomu Oda, Takayuki Hidaka, Ayumu Nakashima, Kensuke Noma, Yasuki Kihara
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) as an index of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation as an index of endothelium-independent vasodilation in the brachial artery using high-resolution ultrasound are useful for assessing vascular function. Some studies have shown that endothelial function assessed by FMD can serve as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Previously, we reported that nitroglycerine-induced vasodilationcan be used as a marker for identifying patients with advanced atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic impact of cardiovascular events between FMD and FMD combined with nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation. Methods and Results: We measured FMD and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation in 402 subjects (mean age, 58±17 years), including patients with cardiovascular diseases. We assessed the associations between FMD combined with nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation and cardiovascular events (death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, and revascularization). During a median period of 32.3 months (interquartile range, 17.1 to 49.1 months) of follow-up, 15 subjects died (5 from cardiovascular causes), 3 myocardial infarction, 7 stroke, and 26 revascularization. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that FMD alone predicts cardiovascular events with an area under curve of 0.67. FMD combined with nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation predicts cardiovascular events with an area under curve of 0.70. FMD &lt; median value of 3.9% and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation &lt; median value of 12.2% were associated with increased cardiovascular event. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, cardiovascular risk factors, below median FMD and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation group remained a strong independent indicator of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 4.95; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.65 to 21.43; P=0.002). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the combination of FMD and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation measurement could more accurately predict cardiovascular events than FMD alone.
The Interaction of Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons with Tissues VI. Studies on Zero-Time Binding to Proteins
Authors: Andrew R. Somerville, Charles Heidelberger
Journal: Cancer Research (1961)

A comparison has been made of the methods used for homogenizing and processing tissues in hydrocarbon-skin protein binding studies. The procedure of choice is to use a glass homogenizer cooled in ice and to precipitate the proteins with acetone. The zero-time binding of a number of hydrocarbons has been studied and has been found to be negligible. The zero-time binding of several derivatives of 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene has been studied, and in general they bind much more than the parent hydrocarbon, especially 2-phenylphenanthrene-3,2′-dialdehyde, which is not carcinogenic. An attempt was made to find out whether this compound is a metabolite of 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene in mouse skin in vivo . Only negligible amounts could be detected. The significance of these results for the hypothesis that the formation of a tissue-carcinogen complex is an early step in carcinogenesis is discussed.
Abstract 17262: Outcomes following High Risk Surgery provided as an Alternative to Transplant in patients with End-stage Heart Disease
Authors: Hiroyuki Kawajiri, Lisa Garrard, Cedric Manlhiot, Heather Ross, Diego Delgado, Filio Billia, Michael McDonald, Vivek Rao
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Heart transplant (Tx) and ventricular assist device (VAD) have become established treatments for end stage heart failure; however, both treatments still have unsolved problems. Patients referred for Tx or VAD are often found to have cardiac lesions amenable to surgical intervention. We examined the results of conventional surgery in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction to explore the possibility of high risk surgery as an alternative option. Methods: We reviewed our institutional database and identified all surgical patients referred to our senior author with severe LV dysfunction (EF&lt;20%). We then selected patients who were initially referred for consideration of Tx or VAD, but were instead offered conventional surgery. All patients underwent evaluation for Tx candidacy and thus were prospectively stratified into Tx eligible (Tx-E) or Tx non-eligible (Tx-NE) groups. We compared outcomes stratified by Tx eligibility as well as by type of surgery. Results: A total of 133 patients were enrolled. 68 patients were Tx-E, and 65 were Tx-NE. Tx-E patients were younger than Tx-NE (57±8 vs 70±8 year-old, p&lt;0.01). Isolated CABG was performed in 77 patients, while 56 had other procedures. In-hospital mortality was 8.8% in Tx-E, and 15.4% in Tx-NE (p=0.29). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that survival in Tx-E was comparable to ISHLT Tx data, while survival in Tx-NE was comparable to INTERMACS DT data (Figure1). When stratified by type of surgery, in-hospital mortality was lower for isolated CABG (6.5% vs 19.6%, p=0.03). Isolated CABG seemed to have comparable survival to ISHLT Tx and INTERMACS DT by Kaplan-Meier analysis (Figure2). Conclusion: The mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing alternative surgeries appears to be similar to the contemporary results of Tx and VAD destination therapy. Particularly if the pathology of heart failure is graftable coronary artery disease, isolated CABG may be a good option for highly selected patients.