tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract A19: A qPCR assay, OncoScore Colon, predicts resistance to cetuximab in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer tissue independent of KRAS status
Authors: Sean Eddy, Byung-In Lee, Teresa Macarulla, Josep Tabernero, Joseph Monforte, Daniel R. Rhodes, Paul Williams, Mark Tomilo, Seth Sadis, Peter Wyngaard, Lien Vo, Kahuku Oades, Hyunsoo Kim, Yipeng Wang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Gene expression modules derived from an unsupervised analysis of 20 independent microarray datasets comprising more than 2,000 colorectal cancer patients were identified. Each module represents a set of highly co-expressed genes related to an important aspect of underlying cancer variability. Modules containing genes related to epithelial and mesenchymal biology associated with sensitivity and resistance to EGFR family targeted inhibitors (gefitinib and lapatinib), respectively. In retrospective analysis of clinical samples, the epithelial-mesenchymal axis associated with cetuximab response in two independent patient cohorts. The first study was a Phase II clinical trial (Khambata-Ford et al., J Clin Oncol, 2007) with accompanying microarray data from pre-treatment metastatic colorectal tumor biopsies. Expression of the modules was determined by normalizing and averaging co-expressed module genes. Patients with a more epithelial and less mesenchymal module expression profile were enriched for cetuximab response. An independent cohort of patients was analyzed using module scores that were generated from a qPCR gene expression module test, OncoScore™ Colon, which quantifies modules by averaging three representative module genes relative to housekeeping genes using formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded primary tumor samples. In these patients, presence of the mesenchymal module was significantly associated with a decrease in progression free survival. Notably, the status of the mesenchymal module was independent of KRAS mutation status—as KRAS mutations occurred in both mesenchymal module-positive and -negative patients. Further clinical studies are ongoing to continue to support the development of the OncoScore™ Colon assay and to further test the predictive capacity of the module with regards to cetuximab resistance and other MAPK pathway inhibitors. This study demonstrates the value of a gene expression module-based qPCR panel for stratifying colorectal cancer patients for treatment response, and suggests that our approach may have immediate utility for cetuximab treatment response prediction.
Mechanical and Physiological Evaluation of Exercise Performance in Elite National Rowers
Authors: Donald A. Mahler
Journal: JAMA (1984)

We describe the scientific basis for evaluating the biomechanics and associated physiological requirements of exercise performance in elite national rowers. Computer-assisted analysis of high-speed cinematography has demonstrated that efficiency in rowing is related to the relative proximity between peak force and the perpendicular position of the oar. Physiological testing has indicated that near maximal levels of oxygen consumption are required during "all out" rowing, involving both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Serial testing has been performed on elite oarsmen throughout the year in order to evaluate the individual benefits of a training program and to establish guidelines for future training. Successful application of the scientific analysis of rowing performance requires that the athlete, coach, and investigator work closely together in an effort to increase the average velocity of the boat.
Utero-tubal Insufflation
Authors: J. A. Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (1954)

CORRESPONDENCEwas run in, the blood pressure rose to 120/80 mm.Hg, and the pulse slowed to 80/min.The patient now began to warm slowly and there was a marked return of muscular tone.She answered to her name some 10 hours after her return to the ward and was wide awake in 12 hours.Altogether some two pints (1.1 1.) of the L-noradrenaline solution was given over a 10-hour period.Recovery has been uneventful and the patient is now well, but of course not yet walking due to her orthopaedic condition.The temperature was slow to rise, and after two days was still only 96°F.(35.6°C.)rectally, although she felt well and did not complain of cold.
Reperfusion syndrome in acute myocardial infarction: a transient impairment of the microvasculature associated with a larger infarct size and sustained LV dysfunction
Authors: L.J. Feldman, D. Himbert, J.-M. Juliard, H. Benamer, P. Aubry, O. Boudvillain, M. Faraggi, P.G. Steg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Subacute Chlamydial Endocarditis
Authors: Robert B. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Chlamydial endocarditis has been infrequently reported. A case of blood-culture—negative endocarditis is described in which there was serological evidence of a<i>Chlamydia psittaci</i>infection. Chlamydiae were also identified in aortic valve vegetations by electron microscopy and immunofluorescent staining. Patients with culture-negative endocarditis should be evaluated for infection with<i>Chlamydia</i>as well as other uncommon pathogens. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:655-658)
Effects of Aspirin or Basic Amino Acids on Collagen Cross-Links and Complications in NIDDM
Authors: Ivan Contreras, Karen M Reiser, Nahir Martinez, Elda Giansante, Tulio Lopez, Nancy Suarez, Sarkis Postalian, Miguel Molina, Freddy Gonzalez, Maria R Sanchez, Manuel Camejo, Maria C Blanco
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To determine if long-term therapy with aspirin or basic amino acids for subjects with NIDDM reduces the severity of clinical complications and/or reduces tissue levels of markers of glycooxidative damage. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects with NIDDM were administered either aspirin (100 mg/day) or a combination of basic amino acids consisting of L-arginine (2 g/day) plus L-lysine (0.5 g/day) for 1 year. The study was double-blind and placebo-controlled. The presence and severity of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy were assessed in all subjects at 4-month intervals, as were serum blood glucose, glycohemoglobin levels, and presence of albuminuria. Collagen cross-linking and collagen glycation were measured in skin collagen obtained by biopsy at the beginning and the end of the study. Skin biopsies were also obtained from age-matched control subjects. RESULTS Skin samples obtained from NIDDM subjects at the beginning of the study had significantly increased levels of glucitolyllysine, pentosidine, and hydroxypyridinium, as compared with age-matched control subjects. Pentosidine levels were significantly correlated with severity of retinopathy and neuropathy, but not nephropathy. Subjects receiving aspirin, but not amino acids or placebo, had significantly decreased levels of skin pentosidine after 1 year of therapy. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that 1) low-dose aspirin may reduce glycooxidative damage in people with NIDDM, and 2) treatment may need to continue for more than 1 year before clinical status improves.
A FURTHER NOTE on the TECHNIQUE of SERUM DIAGNOSIS
Authors: A. E. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1898)

The powers of the Council are, 1 consider, specifically laid down in Clause 20 of the Act of I858, which gives to it control over professional etudy and examination, whilst Clauses 28, 29, and. 40lay the foundation.for the exercise of those penal powers which.theCouncil has, so frequently put in force for the protection of the public and for the maintenance of professional ethics.So that not alone does the Act confer the power of interference with the.internal discipline of the profession, but the procedure of the Council shows how freely that power has been exercised.In connection with the ambiguous wording of some of the clauses of the Act of I856, I may briefly allude to a point raised by Mr. Horsley in one of those addresses which he has delivered on the construction of the Medical Acts, addresses BO creditable to him not alone for the cogency of their reason- ing, but for the disinterested zeal which .they display.Mr.Horsley points out that the Act specifically refers to members of the profession who are registered as "qualified practi- tioners," and declares that they should be distinguished from unqualified practitioners.He maintains, therefore, that the Act protects the individual, not the title he possesses.It confers upon the individual the right to practise, as well as certain other rights and privileges laid down in Clauses 31, 32, 35, 36, and 37 relating to recovery of fees, etc., immunity from serving on juries or in the militia, holding public medical appointments, and signing certificates, etc.That Mr.
Prescribing of Chloramphenicol
Authors: MICHAEL A. VANCE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 July 1976Prescribing of ChloramphenicolMICHAEL A. VANCE, M.S., R.PH., WILLIAM R. MILLINGTON, M.S., R.PH.MICHAEL A. VANCE, M.S., R.PH.Search for more papers by this author, WILLIAM R. MILLINGTON, M.S., R.PH.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-1-125_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In light of our recent experiences we found particularly interesting the report by Ray and associates (1) that 20 of 3409 physicians accounted for 55% of chloramphenicol prescriptions in their study. The 1973 death of a young woman from aplastic anemia after chloramphenicol therapy at a Boston area hospital had prompted us to look at in-hospital use of this drug. We reviewed antibiotic use by auditing antibiotic drug orders and interviewing pharmacists employed in several hospitals in Boston and surrounding areas. We found, in three hospitals, that chloramphenicol was overused and that much of this excess was...References1. RAY W, FEDERSPIEL C, and SCHAFFNER W: Prescribing of chloramphenicol in ambulatory patients. Ann Intern Med 84:266-270, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. STEIN L: The doctor-nurse game. Arch Gen Psychiatry 16:669-703, 1967 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MICHAEL A. VANCE, M.S., R.PH.; WILLIAM R. MILLINGTON, M.S., R.PH.Affiliations: Department of Public Health Commonwealth of Massachusetts Lemuel Shattuck Hospital Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1976Volume 85, Issue 1Page: 125-125KeywordsAntibioticsAplastic anemiaChloramphenicolDrug therapyDrugsPharmacists ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
ACUTE OVERSTRAINING OF THE HEART.
Authors: THEODOR SCHOTT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

It is now about thirty years since Peacock, as a result of observations made by him on Cornwall miners, acquainted us with a special form of heart disease, the etiology of which he tried to connect with previous muscular straining. His observations were confirmed later on by the investigations of Myers, Clifford Albutt, Da Costa, Joh. Seitz, Munzinger, etc. Nevertheless, there were other authors that did not admit of a condition of excessive heart-straining, or at least were very doubtful about it, as, for instance, v. Schroetter, E. Seitz and Strümpell. It was the investigation of Leyden and Fraentzel which again gave new impulse in this domain, and in one of my publications I was enabled to mention these observations of cases which correspond with those of both last-named authors. We naturally have to distinguish between a chronic and an acute overstraining of the heart, and it is hardly necessary
Cost-effectiveness of exercise on prescription with telephone support among women in general practice over 2 years
Authors: C Raina Elley, Sue Garrett, Sally B Rose, Des O'Dea, Beverley A Lawton, Simon A Moyes, Anthony C Dowell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Aim To assess the cost-effectiveness of exercise on prescription with ongoing support in general practice. Methods Prospective cost-effectiveness study undertaken as part of the 2-year Women's lifestyle study randomised controlled trial involving 1089 ‘less-active’ women aged 40–74. The ‘enhanced Green Prescription’ intervention included written exercise prescription and brief advice from a primary care nurse, face-to-face follow-up at 6 months, and 9 months of telephone support. The primary outcome was incremental cost of moving one ‘less-active’ person into the ‘active’ category over 24 months. Direct costs of programme delivery were recorded. Other (indirect) costs covered in the analyses included participant costs of exercise, costs of primary and secondary healthcare utilisation, allied health therapies and time off work (lost productivity). Cost–effectiveness ratios were calculated with and without including indirect costs. Results Follow-up rates were 93% at 12 months and 89% at 24 months. Significant improvements in physical activity were found at 12 and 24 months (p&lt;0.01). The exercise programme cost was New Zealand dollars (NZ$) 93.68 (€45.90) per participant. There was no significant difference in indirect costs over the course of the trial between the two groups (rate ratios: 0.99 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.2) at 12 months and 1.01 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.23) at 24 months, p=0.9). Cost–effectiveness ratios using programme costs were NZ$687 (€331) per person made ‘active’ and sustained at 12 months and NZ$1407 (€678) per person made ‘active’ and sustained at 24 months. Conclusions This nurse-delivered programme with ongoing support is very cost-effective and compares favourably with other primary care and community-based physical activity interventions internationally.
Website of the week: Antidepressants
Authors: B. Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Depression and antidepressant drugs are the theme of a couple of articles in this week's BMJ (p 1008 and p 1014). The array of different drugs can be bewildering, and among the many websites that explain the most commonly used drugs and their side effects is a depression drug database (www.coreynahman.com/antidepressantdrugsdatabase.html).
Hydrophobicity as a design criterion for polymer scaffolds in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Edwin J.P. Jansen, Raymond E.J. Sladek, Hila Bahar, Avinoam Yaffe, Marion J. Gijbels, Roel Kuijer, Sjoerd K. Bulstra, Nick A. Guldemond, Itzhak Binderman, Leo H. Koole
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Impaired Dendritic Cell Function in Aging Leads to Defective Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Annabelle Grolleau-Julius, Erin K. Harning, Lisa M. Abernathy, Raymond L. Yung
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract We recently reported that bone marrow–derived dendritic cells (DC) from aged miced are less effective than their young counterparts in inducing the regression of B16-ovalbumin (OVA) melanomas. To examine the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effect of aging on DC tumor antigen presentation and migration. Although aging does not affect the ability of DCs to present OVA peptide(257–264), DCs from aged mice are less efficient than those from young mice in stimulating OVA-specific T cells in vitro. Phenotypic analysis revealed a selective decrease in DC-specific/intracellular adhesion molecule type-3–grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) level in aged DCs. Adoptive transfer experiments showed defective in vivo DC trafficking in aging. This correlates with impaired in vitro migration and defective CCR7 signaling in response to CCL21 in aged DCs. Interestingly, vaccination of young mice using old OVA peptide(257–264)–pulsed DCs (OVA PP-DC) resulted in impaired activation of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo. Effector functions of these T cells, as determined by IFN-γ production and cytotoxic activity, were similar to those obtained from mice vaccinated with young OVA PP-DCs. A decreased influx of intratumor CD8+ T cells was also observed. Importantly, although defective in vivo migration could be restored by increasing the number of old DCs injected, the aging defect in DC tumor surveillance and OVA-specific CD8+ T-cell induction remained. Taken together, our findings suggest that defective T-cell stimulation contributes to the observed impaired DC tumor immunotherapeutic response in aging. [Cancer Res 2008;68(15):6341–9]
Arterial Puncture Closing Devices Compared With Standard Manual Compression After Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Maria Koreny, Eva Riedmüller, Mariam Nikfardjam, Peter Siostrzonek, Marcus Müllner
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Arterial puncture closing devices (APCDs) were developed to replace standard compression at the puncture site and to shorten bed rest following percutaneous coronary intervention.To assess the safety and efficacy of APCDs (Angioseal, Vasoseal, Duett, Perclose, Techstar, Prostar) compared with standard manual compression in patients undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous vascular interventions.A systematic literature search of MEDLINE (1966-January 2003), EMBASE (1989-January 2003), PASCAL (1996-January 2003), BIOSIS (1990-January 2003), and CINHAL (1982-January 2003) databases and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant articles in any language.Included randomized controlled trials reporting vascular complications at the puncture site (hematoma, bleeding, arteriovenous fistula, pseudoaneurysm) and efficacy (time to hemostasis, time to ambulation, time to discharge from hospital).Two reviewers abstracted the data independently and in duplicate. Disagreements were resolved by discussion among at least 3 reviewers. The most important criteria were adequacy of allocation concealment, whether the analysis was according to the intention-to-treat principle, and if person assessing the outcome was blinded to intervention group. Random-effects models were used to pool the data.Thirty trials met the selection criteria and included up to 4000 patients. When comparing any APCD with standard compression, the relative risk (RR) of groin hematoma was 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86-1.51; P =.35); bleeding, 1.48 (95% CI, 0.88-2.48; P =.14); developing an arteriovenous fistula, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.23-2.94; P =.77); and developing a pseudoaneurysm at the puncture site, 1.19 (95% CI, 0.75-1.88; P =.46). Time to hemostasis was shorter in the group with APCD compared with standard compression (mean difference, 17 minutes; range, 14-19 minutes), but there was a high degree of heterogeneity among studies. Only 2 studies explicitly reported allocation concealment, blinded outcome assessment, and intention-to-treat analysis. When limiting analyses to only trials that used explicit intention-to-treat approaches, APCDs were associated with a higher risk of hematoma (RR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.13-3.15) and a higher risk of pseudoaneurysm (RR, 5.40; 95% CI, 1.21-24.5).Based on this meta-analysis of 30 randomized trials, many of poor methodological quality, there is only marginal evidence that APCDs are effective and there is reason for concern that these devices may increase the risk of hematoma and pseudoaneurysm.
Psoriatic Exacerbation Associated With Insulin Therapy
Authors: Allan F. Moore, Tiffany Soper, Natalie Jones, Joop Grevelink, Nicolas Abourizk
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We report the case of a 70-year-old male who presented with worsening psoriasis after initiating insulin therapy.

The patient, who had a 25-year history of type 2 diabetes with no complications and an A1C of 7.8%, took metformin for 20 years with stable umbilical psoriasis. He did not require psoriatic therapy before initiating insulin therapy.

In December 2006, the patient transitioned to glargine injections for a rising A1C. Two weeks later, psoriasis erupted on his abdomen and legs. …
LEFT VENTRICULAR TORSION EARLY AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: ITS DETERMINANTS AND ABILITY TO PREDICT LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING
Authors: Gaetano Nucifora, Matteo Bertini, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Victoria Delgado, Arnold CT Ng, Eduard R. Holman, Hans-Mark J. Siebelink, Jacob M. Van Werkhoven, Ernst E. Van Der Wall, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Accelerated Nerve Regeneration in Mice by upregulated expression of interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-6 receptor after trauma.
Authors: H Hirota, H Kiyama, T Kishimoto, T Taga
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

In this study we aimed to examine a role for interleukin 6 (IL-6) and its receptor (IL-6R) in peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. We first observed that cultured mouse embryonic dorsal root ganglia exhibited dramatic neurite extension by simultaneous addition of IL-6 and soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R), a complex that is known to interact with and activate a signal transducing receptor component, gp130. After injury in the hypoglossal nerve in adult mice by ligation, immunoreactivity to IL-6 was upregulated in Schwann cells at the lesional site as well as in the cell bodies of hypoglossal neurons in the brain stem. In the latter, upregulation of the immunoreactivity to IL-6R was also observed. Regeneration of axotomized hypoglossal nerve in vivo was significantly retarded by the administration of anti-IL-6R antibody. Surprisingly, accelerated regeneration of the axotomized nerve was achieved in transgenic mice constitutively expressing both IL-6 and IL-6R, as compared with nontransgenic controls. These results suggest that the IL-6 signal may play an important role in nerve regeneration after trauma in vivo.
Separating Continuing Medical Education From Pharmaceutical Marketing
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: JAMA (2001)

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Death Fasts and the Inmate/Patient
Authors: Kenneth Kipnis
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1. A psychiatrist and I prepared a summary of the conventional wisdom regarding some common problems in adult critical care. A more detailed discussion of issues implicating decisional capacity can be found in that source: Kipnis and Gerhard (2004).2. I have explored the ethical, organizational, and jurisprudential dimensions of correctional health services in Kipnis (Citation2013).3. World Medical Association (Citation2006).