tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Subscriptions for Ollier Monument.
Authors: Robert Abbe
Journal: JAMA (1901)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The undersigned constitute a committee similar to those formed in several European countries for the purpose of receiving subscriptions for a monument commemorative of the distinguished scientific services of Prof. Leopold Oilier. Among the members of these committees are Lord Lister, Professors von Bergmann, Czerny, Durante and other leading men. The municipality of the city of Lyons has dedicated an open space adjacent to quarters of the various academic faculties on the border of the Rhone, named in his honor "Place Leopold Oilier." The profession of this country is well aware of the great services rendered by Professor Oilier, especially in the domain of plastic and osseous surgery. His labors have been most fruitful in the domains of surgery, of physiology and pathology. The committee hopes to raise not less than $1000 as a testimonial from the profession of America. Check should be forwarded to Dr. W.
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 as Molecular Therapy for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Cheng-Yi Wang, Ting-Ting Chao, Wei-Tien Tai, Fang-Yu Chang, Wen-Pin Su, Yen-Lin Chen, Pao-Tzu Chen, Ching-Yu Weng, Ang Yuan, Chung-Wai Shiau, Chong-Jen Yu, Kuen-Feng Chen
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
CONSIDERATION OF SOME IMPORTANT SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH THE TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA.
Authors: EDWARD F. WELLS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

In assuming the duties pertaining to the presidency of this Society I should indeed be lacking in that kindly spirit of gratitude which is usually inherent within us were I to fail in embracing this opportunity to express my sincere thanks for the honor which you have conferred upon me. This office is assumed with diffidence and a keen sense of the important obligations which it entails, and I can only assure you that there shall be brought to bear upon it, unreservedly, all the energy and talent which is mine to give. This Society has been fortunate in having had at its head during the past three years such an indefatigable worker as my predecessor, and my efforts shall be directed toward maintaining, as far as lies within my power, the Society upon the high scientific and practical plane to which it has been raised. In this matter I
Sex-Specific Differences in Hemodialysis Prevalence and Practices and the Male-to-Female Mortality Rate: The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)
Authors: Manfred Hecking, Brian A. Bieber, Jean Ethier, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Gere Sunder-Plassmann, Marcus D. Säemann, Sylvia P. B. Ramirez, Brenda W. Gillespie, Ronald L. Pisoni, Bruce M. Robinson, Friedrich K. Port
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Background A comprehensive analysis of sex-specific differences in the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of individuals with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis might reveal treatment inequalities and targets to improve sex-specific patient care. Here we describe hemodialysis prevalence and patient characteristics by sex, compare the adult male-to-female mortality rate with data from the general population, and evaluate sex interactions with mortality. Methods and Findings We assessed the Human Mortality Database and 206,374 patients receiving hemodialysis from 12 countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, the UK, and the US) participating in the international, prospective Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) between June 1996 and March 2012. Among 35,964 sampled DOPPS patients with full data collection, we studied patient characteristics (descriptively) and mortality (via Cox regression) by sex. In all age groups, more men than women were on hemodialysis (59% versus 41% overall), with large differences observed between countries. The average estimated glomerular filtration rate at hemodialysis initiation was higher in men than women. The male-to-female mortality rate ratio in the general population varied from 1.5 to 2.6 for age groups <75 y, but in hemodialysis patients was close to one. Compared to women, men were younger (mean = 61.9±standard deviation 14.6 versus 63.1±14.5 y), were less frequently obese, were more frequently married and recipients of a kidney transplant, more frequently had coronary artery disease, and were less frequently depressed. Interaction analyses showed that the mortality risk associated with several comorbidities and hemodialysis catheter use was lower for men (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.11) than women (HR = 1.33, interaction p<0.001). This study is limited by its inability to establish causality for the observed sex-specific differences and does not provide information about patients not treated with dialysis or dying prior to a planned start of dialysis. Conclusions Women's survival advantage was markedly diminished in hemodialysis patients. The finding that fewer women than men were being treated with dialysis for end-stage renal disease merits detailed further study, as the large discrepancies in sex-specific hemodialysis prevalence by country and age group are likely explained by factors beyond biology. Modifiable variables, such as catheter use, showing significant sex interactions suggest interventional targeting. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Variation of Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels
Authors: James A. Eastham, Elyn Riedel, Peter T. Scardino, Moshe Shike, Martin Fleisher, Arthur Schatzkin, Elaine Lanza, Lianne Latkany, Colin B. Begg, None for the Polyp Prevention Trial Study Group
Journal: JAMA (2003)

ContextSerum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is frequently used in early detection programs for prostate cancer. While PSA testing has resulted in an increase in prostate cancer detection, its routine use has been questioned because of a lack of specificity.ObjectiveTo determine whether year-to-year fluctuations in PSA levels are due to natural variation and render a single PSA test result unreliable.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective analysis of an unscreened population of 972 men (median age, 62 years) participating in the Polyp Prevention Trial (1991-1998). Five consecutive blood samples were obtained during a 4-year period and were assessed for total and free PSA levels.Main Outcome MeasureAbnormal PSA test result based on a PSA level higher than 4 ng/mL; a PSA level higher than 2.5 ng/mL; a PSA level above the age-specific cutoff; a PSA level in the range of 4 to 10 ng/mL and a free-to-total ratio of less than 0.25 ng/mL; or a PSA velocity higher than 0.75 ng/mL per year.ResultsProstate biopsy would have been recommended in 207 participants (21%) with a PSA level higher than 4 ng/mL; in 358 (37%) with a level higher than 2.5 ng/mL; in 172 (18%) with a level above the age-specific cutoff; in 190 (20%) with a level between 4 and 10 ng/mL and a free-to-total ratio of less than 0.25 ng/mL; and in 145 (15%) with a velocity higher than 0.75 ng/mL per year. Among men with an abnormal PSA finding, a high proportion had a normal PSA finding at 1 or more subsequent visits during 4-year follow-up: 68 (44%) of 154 participants with a PSA level higher than 4 ng/mL; 116 (40%) of 291 had a level higher than 2.5 ng/mL; 64 (55%) of 117 had an elevated level above the age-specific cutoff; and 76 (53%) of 143 had a level between 4 and 10 ng/mL and a free-to-total ratio of less than 0.25 ng/mL.ConclusionAn isolated elevation in PSA level should be confirmed several weeks later before proceeding with further testing, including prostate biopsy.
Urinary levels of nickel and chromium associated with dental restoration by nickel–chromium based alloys
Authors: Bo Chen, Gang Xia, Xin-Ming Cao, Jue Wang, Bi-Yao Xu, Pu Huang, Yue Chen, Qing-Wu Jiang
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

This paper aims to investigate if the dental restoration of nickel–chromium based alloy (Ni–Cr) leads to the enhanced excretions of Ni and Cr in urine. Seven hundred and ninety-five patients in a dental hospital had single or multiple Ni–Cr alloy restoration recently and 198 controls were recruited to collect information on dental restoration by questionnaire and clinical examination. Urinary concentrations of Ni and Cr from each subject were measure by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Compared to the control group, the urinary level of Ni was significantly higher in the patient group of <1 month of the restoration duration, among which higher Ni excretions were found in those with either a higher number of teeth replaced by dental alloys or a higher index of metal crown not covered with the porcelain. Urinary levels of Cr were significantly higher in the three patient groups of <1, 1 to <3 and 3 to <6 months, especially in those with a higher metal crown exposure index. Linear curve estimations showed better relationships between urinary Ni and Cr in patients within 6-month groups. Our data suggested significant increased excretions of urinary Ni and Cr after dental restoration. Potential short- and long-term effects of Ni–Cr alloy restoration need to be investigated. Dental fillings made of nickel—chromium-based alloys appear to increase the levels of these toxic metals excreted in recipients' urine. A team led by Qing-wu Jiang of Fudan University in Shanghai, China, compared the urinary concentrations of nickel and chromium in 795 people who had metal dental fillings with 198 people who had no such fillings. Nickel concentrations were significantly higher in people who had received the fillings within the past month compared with controls. Elevated chromium levels were detectably higher in people who had received fillings within the past six months. Urinary concentrations of both metals were also greater in people with more than one nickel–chromium alloy fillings. The authors call for follow-up work to investigate the potential health outcomes of having these metals leaching into the body's circulation system following dental restoration.
American Violence and Public Policy: An Update of the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence
Authors: Paul Chodoff
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Although by no means an expert on the issues dealt with in this book, as a psychiatrist I am at least peripherally interested in the roots of crime and violence. As a citizen, I share the general concern about the specter of crime threatening our social life. It was therefore with a good deal of interest that I approached<i>American Violence and Public Policy</i>. The work is essentially an update, 15 years later, of the findings of the 1968 National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (Violence Commission). The contributors, some of whom took part in the work of the Violence Commission, are all well-known scholars and researchers, and many are actively involved in efforts to understand and reduce crime. The editor and a principal contributor, Lynn A. Curtis, is president of the Eisenhower Commission and there is a short foreword by Milton Eisenhower. The news is not
Global Eradication of Polio
Authors: Robert Steinglass
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Follow-up of Hydatidiform Mole by Radioimmunoassay of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
Authors: J. W. Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1972)

An improved method for the follow-up of patients delivered of a hydatidiform mole using radioimmunoassay of human chorionic gonadotrophin is employed to ensure adequate sensitivity. Four illustrative case histories are described. Their HCG findings are presented to show that this is the principal basis on which decisions should be made.There are three aspects to the work of the laboratory. The technical work of the assay, the clerical effort of patient follow-up, and the clinical interpretation of results. The laboratory keeps a close check on follow-up (one of its most important functions) and receives specimens direct from patients. Overall control of all three aspects is by a clinician. It has been found useful to organize a special clinic for these patients to be seen. In this region it has been possible for this to be run by the same clinician.
Bound vitamin B<sub>12</sub> absorption in patients with low serum B<sub>12</sub> levels
Authors: Aaron Miller, David Furlong, Belton A. Burrows, D. Ward Slingerland
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract In many patients with low serum levels of vitamin B 12 , the absorption of the free vitamin has been normal. The present study, using a total body counter 57 CoB 12 absorption method that clearly separated those with intrinsic factor deficiency from controls, found that of 94 patients with low B 12 levels and intact stomachs in whom the absorption of free and bound B 12 was determined, 44 (47%) had normal absorption of both. However, 20 of the 94 (21%) with normal absorption of free B 12 had low absorption of bound B 12 . The remainder (32%) had low absorption of both free and bound B 12 . All patients with high serum gastrin levels had low bound B 12 absorption, but so did 21% of those patients with normal serum gastrin levels. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiology compared with xenon--133 scanning and bronchoscopic lobar sampling as methods for assessing regional lung function in patients with emphysema
Authors: C. E. Barter, P. Hugh-Jones, J. W. Laws, W. A. Crosbie
Journal: Thorax (1973)

Regional lung function was assessed by radiographic methods, by regional function studies using xenon-133 scans, and by lobar sampling with a mass spectrometer flow-meter at bronchoscopy in 12 patients who subsequently had bullae resected at operation. The information given by these three methods of regional assessment was subsequently compared with the findings at operation. When only one lobe was abnormal on the radiographs, these alone were adequate to locate the major site of the emphysema and the regional tests gave relatively little extra information. The xenon scan was sometimes helpful in assessing the state of the remaining lung, but this information could be deduced from the radiographs and overall lung function tests, especially the carbon monoxide transfer and mechanical measurements. Bronchoscopic sampling was helpful in determining whether the affected lobe was acting as a ventilated dead-space. When more than one lobe was affected the regional function tests supplemented the radiographs in defining the site of bullous change as well as locating dead space. Xenon scans, although widely employed for such preoperative assessments, added little to the topographical information obtained by careful radiology. The combination of radiology, lobar sampling, and overall function tests is recommended for assessing which emphysematous patients are likely to benefit from surgery.
Obesity in Chinese children
Authors: T. O Cheng
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

I do not wish to add fuel to the fire by entering into a discussion on food advertising versus physical inactivity as the culprit for childhood obesity that was prompted by Dr Ashton's editorial (February 2004 JRSM1). I always tell my overweight or obese patients that body fat does not grow on the tree; it has to come from an external source, either overeating or underexertion. The best example comes from China.

China used to be known for her slender people; I never saw a fat person in China until very recently.2 Now China is fighting obesity, especially childhood obesity, just like the rest of the world. According to the latest statistics from China, the proportion of obesity among children under the age of 15 increased from 15% in 1982 to 27% today.3 Among the predisposing factors for increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in China, fast food and physical inactivity are the two most important. Because of the efficient advertisements of such fast food giants in the United States as McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken, Chinese children are devouring the American fast food faster than ever.2,4 All of the children in China recognize the image of Ronald McDonald, even though they might not be able to read English.4

That physical inactivity is the other important risk factor for obesity in Chinese children is illustrated by three observations. First, the effect of television on childhood obesity in China has been documented: each hourly increment of television viewing is associated with a 1-2% increase in the prevalence of obesity in urban China.5 Second, childhood obesity is more prevalent in urban areas than in rural areas, not only because children in rural China are physically more active6 but also because urban boys consume more fat than rural boys—23-30% versus 16-20%.7 Third, urban children in China are engaged in more homework because they are under pressure to achieve scholastically, whereas rural Chinese children are engaged more in field work because of economic necessity.8
Nuclear Medicine: Clinical and Technological Bases
Authors: Adolph Rabinovitz
Journal: JAMA (1978)

With the increased use of radionuclides in the diagnosis of disease, particularly in function tests and organ imaging, a new category of technologists, generally with more background in the physics and chemistry of radiation than in biology, has appeared. This book, developed over a ten-year period from lectures for a three-year course for nuclear medical technologists, deals with patient management, superficial data in pathophysiology (generally but not always in the areas of application of nuclear medicine), infection prevention, technical nuclear medical procedures, and radiation safety measures. The opening chapter outlining the work of the nuclear medical technologist and his responsibility to the patient, physician, and others in various hospital departments and to the community as a whole is especially refreshing in detailing standards of professional behavior in the social as well as technical areas; a sensitive consideration of the patient is presented. Scattered typographic errors and a few errors of
SCAI/AATS/ACC/STS Operator and Institutional Requirements for Transcatheter Valve Repair and Replacement. Part II. Mitral Valve
Authors: Carl L. Tommaso, David A. Fullerton, Ted Feldman, Larry S. Dean, Ziyad M. Hijazi, Eric Horlick, Bonnie H. Weiner, Evan Zahn, Joaquin E. Cigarroa, Carlos E. Ruiz, Joseph Bavaria, Michael J. Mack, Duke E. Cameron, R. Morton Bolman, D. Craig Miller, Marc R. Moon, Debabrata Mukherjee, Alfredo Trento, Gabriel S. Aldea, Emile A. Bacha
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
646. Zinc Finger Protein Transcription Factors as Potential Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Siyuan Tan, Andrew McNamara, Yann Jouvenot, Dave Krisky, Darren Wolfe, Bradley Compos, Xiaohong Zhong, Joe Glorioso, H. Steven Zhang, Philip D. Gregory
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Neuropathic pain is a complex disorder resulting from injury to the nerve, spinal cord or brain. Current therapies for neuropathic pain using small-molecule drugs are limited by a range of drug-related side effects, primarily due to their lack of specificity in targeting the receptor/channel of choice. Gene therapy approaches to the treatment of neuropathic pain address this problem in two ways. Firstly, the difficulty in selectively targeting key biologically validated pain receptors at the protein level is circumvented by treatments that can derive specificity at the DNA level and drive the regulation of the target gene. Secondly, the effector molecule can be coupled to a delivery vector that specifically targets the organ of interest |[ndash]| in this case the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) |[ndash]| thus creating a more |[ldquo]|local|[rdquo]| treatment.
Weight Gain as a Risk Factor for Clinical Diabetes Mellitus in Women
Authors: Graham A. Colditz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To examine the relation between adult weight change and the risk for clinical diabetes mellitus among middle-aged women. Design: Prospective cohort study with follow-up from 1976 to 1990. Setting: 11 U.S. states. Participants: 114 281 female registered nurses aged 30 to 55 years who did not have diagnosed diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, stroke, or cancer in 1976. Outcome Measures: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Results: 2204 cases of diabetes were diagnosed during 1.49 million person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for age, body mass index was the dominant predictor of risk for diabetes mellitus. Risk increased with greater body mass index, and even women with average weight (body mass index, 24.0 kg/m2) had an elevated risk. Compared with women with stable weight (those who gained or lost less than 5 kg between age 18 years and 1976) and after adjustment for age and body mass index at age 18 years, the relative risk for diabetes mellitus among women who had a weight gain of 5.0 to 7.9 kg was 1.9 (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.3). The corresponding relative risk for women who gained 8.0 to 10.9 kg was 2.7 (CI, 2.1 to 3.3). In contrast, women who lost more than 5.0 kg reduced their risk for diabetes mellitus by 50% or more. These results were independent of family history of diabetes. Conclusion: The excess risk for diabetes with even modest and typical adult weight gain is substantial. These findings support the importance of maintaining a constant body weight throughout adult life and suggest that the 1990 U.S. Department of Agriculture guidelines that allow a substantial weight gain after 35 years of age are misleading.
Reducing Dietary Intake of Fat and Cholesterol in Children
Authors: Stanley H. Zlotkin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The recent DISC study demonstrated that in preadolescents with elevated LDL-C blood concentrations (80th to 98th percentile), an intensive combination of dietary restriction, nutritional counseling, and family-oriented behavioral intervention over 3 years resulted in a modest decrease in total cholesterol levels compared with a control group (-0.08 mmol/L [-3.23 mg/dL]). Nevertheless, based on these results, the authors suggested that the current 30:10 recommendations for children (30% of total energy as fat and 10% of energy as saturated fat) could be advocated safely for all children when children's growth and development were followed by health care personnel. The DISC study did not provide any evidence that children with LDL-C concentrations below the 80th percentile would benefit from a fat-restricted diet. Moreover, based on the modest effect on blood lipid levels despite an intensive (and expensive) intervention program in a population at risk, one might predict that a less