tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe ischemic bowel necrosis caused by terlipressin during treatment of hepatorenal syndrome
Authors: Hae Rim Kim, Young Sun Lee, Hyung Joon Yim, Hyun Joo Lee, Ja Young Ryu, Hyun Jung Lee, Eileen L. Yoon, Sun Jae Lee, Jong Jin Hyun, Sung Woo Jung, Ja Seol Koo, Rok Sun Choung, Sang Woo Lee, Jai Hyun Choi
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2013)

Terlipressin is a vasopressin analogue that is widely used in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome or variceal bleeding. Because it acts mainly on splanchnic vessels, terlipressin has a lower incidence of severe ischemic complications than does vasopressin. However, it can still lead to serious complications such as myocardial infarction, skin necrosis, or bowel ischemia. Herein we report a case of severe ischemic bowel necrosis in a 46-year-old cirrhotic patient treated with terlipressin. Although the patient received bowel resection, death occurred due to ongoing hypotension and metabolic acidosis. Attention should be paid to patients complaining of abdominal pain during treatment with terlipressin. Keywords: Terlipressin; Necrosis; Hepatorenal syndrome
HIV subtype may explain sexual transmission
Authors: L. Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A subtype of HIV that spreads more easily in heterosexual than homosexual men or injecting drug misusers may explain different patterns of transmission of the disease worldwide. In Thailand, India, and sub-Saharan Africa about 90% of HIV-1 infections are acquired through heterosexual contact compared with 10% in the US and western Europe. So far scientists have identified nine subtypes of HIV-1 from A through to I. Subtypes A, C, and D predominate in Africa, E and B are common in Thailand, and C is the main type in India. In the US and western …
Characteristics of extrinsic vs. intrinsic atopic dermatitis in infancy: correlations with laboratory variables
Authors: J-H. Park, Y-L. Choi, J-H. Namkung, W-S. Kim, J-H. Lee, H-J. Park, E-S. Lee, J-M. Yang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) has been divided into the extrinsic type (ADe) and the intrinsic type (ADi) according to the serum IgE levels and the presence or absence of allergen-specific IgE. Although previous studies have demonstrated differences in the various immunological parameters, the characteristics of AD in infancy have rarely been reported.Our study was performed to analyse the correlations between the laboratory parameters of infantile ADe and ADi.We recruited 237 infants with AD and checked the SCORAD index, the number of peripheral blood eosinophils, the serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels, the total serum IgE levels and the specific serum IgE levels in all the patients. We also checked the serum interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 levels in 20 patients with ADe and in 20 with ADi.This study showed many peculiar characteristics of infantile AD. In infancy, ADi was more prevalent than ADe. The eosinophil count, the ECP level and the SCORAD in ADi were lower than in ADe. Furthermore, a group of patients without characteristics of ADi or ADe could be identified. We tentatively classify this group as indeterminate type (ADind) and propose it as a separate entity. The clinical severity was well correlated with the eosinophil count and the serum ECP levels in ADe and ADi. Therefore these two parameters could be used as clinical severity markers in infancy. Infants are more allergic to food, and the variety of specific allergenic responses was connected with clinical severity. A higher eosinophil count, a higher ECP level and a higher detection rate of IL-5 in the peripheral blood of infants with ADe means that eosinophils have a more prominent role in ADe than in ADi.Infantile AD has many distinctive features in its laboratory variables as compared with AD in other age groups. Clinicians should recognize these facts when they deal with infants with AD, and further studies are warranted on the natural course of infantile AD.
Disruption of phospholipid and bile acid homeostasis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Naoki Tanaka, Tsutomu Matsubara, Kristopher W. Krausz, Andrew D. Patterson, Frank J. Gonzalez
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that can develop into cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although several metabolic pathways are disrupted and endogenous metabolites may change in NASH, the alterations in serum metabolites during NASH development remain unclear. To gain insight into the disease mechanism, serum metabolite changes were assessed using metabolomics with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and a conventional mouse NASH model induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Significant decreases in serum palmitoyl-, stearoyl-, and oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and marked increases in tauro-β-muricholate, taurocholate and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) were detected in mice with NASH. In agreement with these metabolite changes, hepatic mRNAs encoding enzymes and proteins involved in LPC degradation (lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase [Lpcat] 1-4), basolateral bile acid excretion (ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member [Abcc] 1/4/5 and organic solute transporter β), and 12-HETE synthesis (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) were significantly up-regulated. In contrast, the expression of solute carrier family 10 member 1 (Slc10a1) and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member (Slco) 1a1 and 1b2, responsible for transporting bile acids into hepatocytes, were markedly suppressed. Supplementation of the MCD diet with methionine revealed that the changes in serum metabolites and the related gene expression were derived from steatohepatitis, but not dietary choline deficiency or steatosis. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β1 induced the expression of Lpcat2/4 and Abcc1/4 and down-regulated Slc10a1 and Slco1a1 in primary hepatocytes, suggesting an association between the changes in serum LPC and bile acids and proinflammatory cytokines. Finally, induction of hepatitis in ob/ob mice by D-galactosamine injection led to similar changes in serum metabolites and related gene expression.Phospholipid and bile acid metabolism is disrupted in NASH, likely due to enhanced hepatic inflammatory signaling.
The Receptor LMIR3 Negatively Regulates Mast Cell Activation and Allergic Responses by Binding to Extracellular Ceramide
Authors: Kumi Izawa, Yoshinori Yamanishi, Akie Maehara, Mariko Takahashi, Masamichi Isobe, Shinichi Ito, Ayako Kaitani, Toshihiro Matsukawa, Takayuki Matsuoka, Fumio Nakahara, Toshihiko Oki, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Takaya Abe, Ko Okumura, Toshio Kitamura, Jiro Kitaura
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Compulsory Drug Testing: the Legal Barriers
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

IF I were to identify one current medicolegal public policy issue as paramount in serious constitutional debate at the close of 1986, it would be compulsory urine testing for drug abuse. A year ago at this time, the most controversial medicolegal policy issues were compulsory diagnostic testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as indicative of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and compulsory quarantine of all persons with AIDS.At this writing, no American jurisdiction, state or federal, has enacted a compulsory screening program for HIV for any group in the general population, and no jurisdiction has adopted a program . . .
Abstract 3913: Hypoxia-mediated cancer imaging by a novel class of near-infrared (NIR) heptamethine cyanine dyes.
Authors: Jason Boyang Wu, Chen Shao, Xiangyan Li, Peizhen Hu, Yi-Ting Chen, Xiaoliang Dou, Divya Sahu, Wei Li, Hiroshi Harada, Ruoxiang Wang, Haiyen E. Zhau, Leland W.K. Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has great potential for noninvasive tumor detection. In this study, we describe a novel hypoxia-mediated mechanism underlying a group of heptamethine cyanine dyes, MHI-148 and IR-783, which we developed previously that show tumor-specific targeting properties in cancer cells and living animals (Yang et al., Clin Cancer Res 2010, 16:2833-44 and J Urol 2013, in press). Hypoxia is a common condition found in a wide range of tumors, and mediates many aspects of cancer progression at both tissue and single-cell levels. Using a hypoxia-sensitive luciferase reporter construct (5HREp-ODD-luc) to assess dynamic and real-time tumor hypoxia, in vivo and ex vivo dual-modality imaging studies of human prostate cancer (PCa) growth in nude mice indicate superimposed distribution of NIR signals with hypoxia in tumors. Hypoxia and hypoxic mimickers augment NIR dye uptake in multiple human and murine cell lines representing different types of cancer. We determined that the increased dye uptake under hypoxic conditions was mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) both in vitro and in vivo. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we identified a group of organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) genes (e.g. OATP1B3, OATP2B1 and OATP5A1), which were highly inducible by hypoxia/HIF1α in PCa cells. We further showed increased co-expression of HIF1α and a representative OATP1B3 gene upon PCa progression in clinical specimens. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing of the OATP1B3 gene reduced the uptake of NIR dyes in tumor cells and tissues. Moreover, hypoxia/HIF1α up-regulates the transcriptional and translational expression of OATP1B3 in PCa, and HIF1α directly binds to a hypoxia response element in the OATP1B3 promoter determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. In addition, we applied NIR dyes for clinical detection of renal cell carcinomas, which shows consistent results with clinical diagnostic tests, and importantly, the HIF1α/OATP1B3 signaling was manifested in these tumors. Together, we provide for the first time the molecular mechanisms of specific NIR dye uptake in cancer via tumor hypoxia and HIF1α/OATPs signals, and present clinical evidence for its potential future applications in cancer detection, prognosis, and therapy. Citation Format: Jason Boyang Wu, Chen Shao, Xiangyan Li, Peizhen Hu, Yi-Ting Chen, Xiaoliang Dou, Divya Sahu, Wei Li, Hiroshi Harada, Ruoxiang Wang, Haiyen E. Zhau, Leland W.K. Chung. Hypoxia-mediated cancer imaging by a novel class of near-infrared (NIR) heptamethine cyanine dyes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3913. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3913
`Metered' aerosols of bronchodilator drugs in clinical trials: Influence of the method of administration
Authors: B. M. Cohen
Journal: Thorax (1971)

Airway resistance, the volume of thoracic gas, and specific airway resistance were determined before and after administration of an isoproterenol-phenylephrine mist in random fashion to 20 patients with obstructive ventilatory disorders from a hand-triggered apparatus either used by the patient or given by the physician, and from a nebulizer automatically activated by patient inspiration. Specific airway resistance changes were the most sensitive guide to broncholytic effects. Maximal change followed exposure to the breath-activated unit, suggesting that its use in similar drug trials may reduce an important source of error in estimates of the efficacy of bronchopulmonary aerosols.
The response of the sweat glands to βT-adrenergic stimulation with isoprenaline
Authors: J. A. WARNDORFF, M. HAMER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Sweat responses were obtained in fifteen out of eighteen subjects, using local injections of different concentrations of isoprenaline. In the majority of these subjects injections of 10 -3 mg in o.1 ml were the most effective. The sweat response could not be re-induced at the same site. No sweat responses could be obtained from sites which had been previously infiltrated with an equivalent concentration of propranolol (Inderal, ICI). The possible mechanisms of the sweat response and whether these responses are analogous to those observed in the submaxillary glands of animals are discussed.
Letter: Meningococcal infection.
Authors: R T Emond, H Smith
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Meningococcal Infection SIR,-We are concerned about the recent upsurge in meningococcal infection in the London area and have been impressed by the severity of the disease and its fulninant course.We would like to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment in reducing mortality, which still remains unacceptably high.Indications for chemoprophylaxis are de- bata'ble, but when this course of action has been decided upon the choice of drugs rests between a sulphonamide, minocycline, or rifampicin.We suggest that rifampicin should not be used because of the rapid development of drug resistance in vitro.Of the remaining alternatives sulphonamide, which has ibeen well tried and has given good results, is preferable unless local strains are known to be resistant.The overall incidence of sulphonamide-resistant meningococci in the United Kingdom appears to be 10-15%, but our experience in London suggests that such resistance is un- usual.Minocycline has been shown to be of value in prophylaxis, especially when there is a high proportion of sulphonamideresistant strains, but experience with this antibiotic is limited and further critical assessment is necessary.Penicillin, which is essential in treatment, is not effective in prophylaxis.-Weare, etc.,
The Association Between Measures of Progression and Survival in Castrate-Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Howard I. Scher, Mary Warren, Glenn Heller
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To explore the association between progression-free survival and overall survival time in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with microtubule-targeted therapies. Experimental Design: We retrospectively studied patients treated in three trials evaluating a taxane or an epothilone for progressive castration-resistant prostate cancer. Study subjects were 98 patients with bone metastases; 63 of them also had soft tissue lesions. All scans were reviewed independently. Associations of radiographic progression-free survival and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival with survival time were measured using Kendall's τ, adjusted for right censoring. A smoothing procedure was applied to estimate Kendall's τ within each neighborhood of the follow-up process. Results: The overall associations between progression-free survival time and overall survival time were moderate: 0.4 for radiographic progression-free survival and 0.33 for PSA progression-free survival. The association between radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival was weakest early in the follow-up process, whereas the PSA association was weakest when the progression-free survival–related event (PSA progression, death, or censoring) occurred after 6 months from the start of treatment. Conclusions: Current measures of progression-free survival time for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer are not strongly concordant with survival time. Factors that attenuate the association include interval censoring and the discontinuation of therapy early in the follow-up due to imaging changes that may not reflect true failure of the treatment. For radiographic progression-free survival, the association may be increased by requiring confirmation of progression with a second scan, as is routinely done when assessing response.
ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES AND CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM: ANALYSIS OF A HEALTHY LOW-RISK MULTI-ETHNIC POPULATION
Authors: Naga V. Kommuri, Sidakpal S. Panaich, Sandip K. Zalawadiya, Vikas Veeranna, Ashutosh Niraj, Maithili Shenoy, Sony Jacob, Luis C. Afonso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Alterations in the functional capacity of albumin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis is associated with increased mortality
Authors: Rajiv Jalan, Kerstin Schnurr, Rajeshwar P. Mookerjee, Sambit Sen, Lisa Cheshire, Stephen Hodges, Vladimir Muravsky, Roger Williams, Gert Matthes, Nathan A. Davies
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Albumin concentration is diminished in patients with liver failure. Albumin infusion improves survival of cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and it is hypothesized that this may be due in part to its detoxifying capabilities. The aim of this study was to perform detailed quantitative and qualitative assessment of albumin function in patients with cirrhosis. Healthy controls and patients with acute deterioration of cirrhosis requiring hospital admission (n = 34) were included. Albumin function was assessed using affinity of the fatty acid binding sites using a spin label (16 doxyl-stearate) titration and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) was measured. Twenty-two patients developed acute-on-chronic liver failure. Twelve were treated with the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) and 10 with standard medical therapy. For each parameter measured, the patients' albumin had reduced functional ability, which worsened with disease severity. Fifteen patients died, and IMA, expressed as an albumin ratio (IMAR), was significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared with survivors (P < 0.001; area under the receiver operating curve = 0.8). No change in the patients' albumin function was observed following MARS therapy. A significant negative correlation between IMAR and the fatty acid binding coefficients for sites 1 and 2 (P < 0.001 for both) was observed, indicating possible sites of association on the protein. Conclusion: The results of this study suggests marked dysfunction of albumin function in advanced cirrhosis and provide further evidence for damage to the circulating albumin, which is not reversed by MARS therapy. IMAR correlates with disease severity and may have prognostic use in acute-on-chronic liver failure. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;50:555–564.)
Radiofrequency ablation of breast cancer lumpectomy cavities – a technique intended to increase negative margins after breast conservation surgery. From benchtop to clinical use.
Authors: IT Rubio, S Landolfi, JW Kylstra, VS Klimberg, JE Coad
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4136 INTRODUCTION: Following breast conservation surgery, up to 49% of women require additional surgery due to close or positive lumpectomy margins. This results in significant additional burden for patient and society. This in vivo study assesses the feasibility of using intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat the lumpectomy cavity walls and in situ extend the final negative margins, with consequent reduced need for re-excision surgery.&amp;#x2028; METHODS: First, an in vitro study was performed to establish the performance characteristics of a RFA device in 12 mock lumpectomy cavities in fresh human breast or panniculus. These cavities were RFA-treated for 18 minutes with thermocouples recording. Second, an in vivo feasibility study was performed in 10 breast cancer pts (Italy) with clinically less than 2 cm tumors. The patients underwent lumpectomy, followed by in vivo 15 minute RFA cavity treatment, and subsequent quadrantectomy of the treated region. Third, an initial 5 pts (Spain) underwent lumpectomy and RFA only, with 4-5 punch biopsies obtained from the radial resection margin. The devitalized tissue radii around the cavity were measured using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) viability staining.&amp;#x2028; RESULTS: In vitro temperatures in excess of 55C for 5 minutes were obtained 3mm from the radiofrequency probe and exceeded 45C at the treatment region edge. The in vitro and in vivo anterior/posterior treatment zone heights were 3.9 ± 0.5 cm and 4.4 ± 1.3 cm, respectively. The in vitro and in vivo distance between the anterior ablation zone edge and adjacent skin dermis measured 1.4 ± 1.1 cm and 0.9 ± 0.6 cm, respectively. The ablation zone edge focally extended to the dermal junction in one in vivo case. The three-dimensional devitalized tissue radii are presented in Table 1. In the 5 patients (Spain) where respective ablation radii were verified by punch biopsies, the devitalized tissue typically extended beyond the 7-14 mm radial depth of the biopsy sample. There were no postoperative complications with the use of RFA.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; CONCLUSIONS: This pilot data supports the feasibility of adjuvant radiofrequency lumpectomy cavity treatment to extend final negative tissue margins by approximately 1 cm. The extended margins have the potential to reduce the number of patients requiring re-excision surgery for close or focally positive margins. A multi-center trial aimed at validation of this technique has recently started. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4136.
Medical audit in North America.
Authors: J D Medhurst
Journal: BMJ (1972)

of the authorities" is a narrow one and views the situation out of context.The truth of the matter is that Africans are relegated to restricted areas-Bantustans-which are a necessary step for the implementation of separate development.These areas, other than not being open to all races, are the most economically impoverished parts of the country.These areas comprise just less than 13 % of the Republic's surface area and account for 1-99% of the total product of South Africa.In 1966-7 the output per head was about one eighteenth of that in the re- mainder of the Republic."These undeniable facts are hardly conducive to attracting medical personnel into these "homelands" even if they were able to go.The assertion by Dr. McKechnie that "the medical profession in South Africa is as concerned with discrimination as she [Dr.Dowling] is" may be argued.We believe that in King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, in the medical school and in a few liberal pockets in the country, a great deal of good- will exists amongst the White doctors for us, but that it is too often misdirected.--Weare, etc.,