tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association between alcohol and substance use disorders and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and unipolar depression: a nationwide, prospective, register-based study
Authors: Carsten Hjorthøj, Marie Louise Drivsholm Østergaard, Michael Eriksen Benros, Nanna Gilliam Toftdahl, Annette Erlangsen, Jon Trærup Andersen, Merete Nordentoft
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2015)
CARD15 allele frequency differences in New Zealand Maori: ancestry specific susceptibility to Crohn's disease in New Zealand?
Authors: R B Gearry
Journal: Gut (2006)

We read with great interest the meta-analysis by Kandiel et al ( Gut 2005; 54 :1121–5), the purpose of which was to provide a more precise estimate of the relative risk of lymphoma among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Based on the six studies included in their meta-analysis, Kandiel et al determined that the risk of lymphoma among IBD patients who did not receive immunomodulators was similar to that of the general population while the lymphoma risk among IBD patients treated with azathioprine/6-MP was increased approximately fourfold. It is reassuring that the largest study included in their meta-analysis, which utilised the UK General Practice Research Database, failed to show a significantly higher risk of lymphoma among 16 996 IBD patients, regardless of whether or not patients received azathioprine/6-MP.1 While several population based and hospital based studies have similarly failed to identify a significantly increased …
Susceptibility to Lymphoma Induction by Gross' Passage A Virus in C3Hf/Bi Mice of Different Ages: Relation to Thymic Cell Multiplication and Differentiation&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Arthur A. Axelrad, Hendrik C. van der Gaag
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Gross' Passage A virus is most likely to induce lymphomas in C3Hf/Bi mice if it is injected early in life; the virus is much less effective later. To find out if the thymus plays a role in determining these reactions to the virus at different ages, a curve was established relating the incidence of lymphoma and the survival time of C3Hf/Bi mice to age at the time of virus administration, and thymuses of normal C3Hf/Bi mice of different ages were examined for any age changes in this organ that could be correlated with the curve of susceptibility to the virus. Susceptibility was greatest during the first 2 weeks of life when the total number of cells in the thymus was increasing to 30 or more times its value at birth. In the outer cortex of the thymus at this time, a zone of large, relatively undifferentiated, multiplying cells was prominent and many of these cells were under going differentiation to smaller multiplying lymphocytes. Susceptibility decreased simultaneously with completion of thymus growth when the outer cortical zone became narrowed due to diminution in the number of these large, relatively undifferentiated cells. Susceptibility of C3Hf/Bi mice to induction of lymphoma by Passage A virus is thus associated with, and may depend on, the presence of large numbers of relatively undifferentiated cells that are proliferating and differentiating in the cortex of the thymus; decrease in susceptibility with age appears to be due to the decrease in the number of these cells as the animals grow older. It is suggested that the virus starts the lymphoma induction process by interfering, directly or indirectly, with differentiation of thymic cells without preventing their multiplication.
3D-simulation in an integrated assessment of the dynamics in patients with disseminated pulmonary lesions (DPL)
Authors: Igor Chernyaev, Elena Filatova, Sergey Skorniakov, Sofia Markina, Igor Gajniyarov, Sergey Goldshtain
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

In the absence of objective criteria for measuring the volume of lesions, DPL are clinically difficult problem not only in the differential diagnosis of the etiology of the disease, but in assessing the dynamics of the patient on the therapy.  Objective:  To evaluate the informativeness of 3-D simulation of the lungs for dynamic assessment in patients with DPL.  Material and Methods:  To test the capabilities of the method we have patients with DPL (n = 12) (pulmonary sarcoidosis). To assess the dynamics in patients on the treatment the scale of three common treatments states was used: progression, regression and stable state. For decision making, data of following methods: expert clinical method, computed tomography (CT), the evaluation of lung diffusion capacity (DLCO), and 3-D simulation based on package DICOM images (3DS).  Results:  For every patient, a visual model of lung, volume and the precise amount of dissemination over time, which correlated (r = 0.2; p> 0.05) with the clinical findings of the course of the disease, CT, and according to the DLCO (r = 0.2; p> 0.05). Also found a full match expert assessments of the dynamics of the patient based on CT images and 3DS (r = 1). 3DS enabled visual estimation of the volume and dynamics of destruction by expert and objective measurement for it in units, voxels or milliliters of volume.  Conclusions:  The use of 3-D simulation models introduced objective criteria for measuring lung tissue damage in patients with DPL in dynamics on the background of the treatment, and in combination with conventional methods, allows timely adjustments to therapy.
Affective and psychotic symptoms associated with anabolic steroid use
Authors: H G Pope, D L Katz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

To assess the frequency of affective and psychotic symptoms in athletes taking anabolic steroids, the authors performed structured interviews of 41 body-builders and football players who had used steroids. According to DSM-III-R, nine subjects (22%) displayed a full affective syndrome, and five (12%) displayed psychotic symptoms in association with steroid use. These findings suggest that major psychiatric symptoms may be a common adverse effect of these drugs.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor–Associated Cardiovascular Toxicity in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Javid J. Moslehi, Michael Deininger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

For most patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have turned a fatal disease into a manageable chronic condition. Imatinib, the first BCR-ABL1 TKI granted regulatory approval, has been surpassed in terms of molecular responses by the second-generation TKIs nilotinib, dasatinib, and bosutinib. Recently, ponatinib was approved as the only TKI with activity against the T315I mutation. Although all TKIs are associated with nonhematologic adverse events (AEs), experience with imatinib suggested that toxicities are typically manageable and apparent early during drug development. Recent reports of cardiovascular AEs with nilotinib and particularly ponatinib and of pulmonary arterial hypertension with dasatinib have raised concerns about long-term sequelae of drugs that may be administered for decades. Here, we review what is currently known about the cardiovascular toxicities of BCR-ABL1 TKIs, discuss potential mechanisms underlying cardiovascular AEs, and elucidate discrepancies between the reporting of such AEs between oncology and cardiovascular trials. Whenever possible, we provide practical recommendations, but we concede that cause-directed interventions will require better mechanistic understanding. We suggest that chronic myeloid leukemia heralds a fundamental shift in oncology toward effective but mostly noncurative long-term therapies. Realizing the full potential of these treatments will require a proactive rational approach to minimize long-term cardiovascular and cardiometabolic toxicities.
Personalized Medicine and Oncology Practice Guidelines: A Case Study of Contemporary Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Robin K. Kelley, Stephanie L. Van Bebber, Kathryn A. Phillips, Alan P. Venook
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011)

Predictive and prognostic biomarkers offer a potential means to personalize cancer medicine, although many reach the market-place before they have been validated, and their adoption is often hindered by variable clinical evidence. Because of this variability in supporting evidence, clinical practice guidelines formulated by panels of subspecialty experts may be particularly important in guiding stakeholders' acceptance and use of new personalized medicine biomarker tests and other nascent technologies. This article provides a structured review of the clinical evidence supporting 4 contemporary biomarker tests in colorectal cancer: K-ras and B-raf mutation analyses, mismatch repair protein testing, and the Oncotype DX Colon Cancer Assay. All 4 tests have been evaluated for guideline inclusion by the NCCN Guidelines Panel for Colon Cancer. This case study shows significant variability in the level of clinical evidence associated with these tests. In the cases of B-raf and mismatch repair protein testing, the available evidence is also inconsistent as it pertains to the specific NCCN Guideline recommendation. Based on this uncertainty in the evidence base, the authors conclude that expert clinical judgment, experience, and consensus may be more heavily weighted than published clinical trial data in the evaluation of new personalized medicine biomarker tests. Potential implications of this conclusion and future directions for research are discussed.
The need of higher CPAP pressure in a population with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and refractory hypertension (RHT) versus controlled hypertension-a retrospective study
Authors: Oana-Claudia Deleanu, Andra-Elena Malaut, Stefan Mihaicuta, Ruxandra Ulmeanu, Florin-Dumitru Mihaltan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

RATIONALE: RHT is common in obese patients, refractoriness among them is frequently caused by OSA. A previous study held in our clinic showed that patients with RHT had higher CPAP failure rate.  METHOD: After exclusion criteria (central/mixed SAS, obesity-hypoventilation/overlap syndrome, obstructive/restrictive respiratory dysfunction, CPAP failure) applied to 214 SAS patients with HT, we studied 34 patients with controlled HT and RHT(demographics, anthropometrics, symptoms, comorbidities, sleep study9s: Chi test,T-test,Pearson). The 2 groups were similar in terms of smoking habit and antihypertensive treatment.  RESULTS: Controlled HT-27 patients(79.4%): 19 men(70.4%), 8 women(29.6%); RHT-7 patients(20.6%): 4 men(57.1%), 3 women(42.9%).RHT patients were younger(49.6±8.8 vs 58.4±12.1years,p  CONCLUSIONS: After CPAP failure exclusion, patients with OSA and RHT still need higher CPAP values, which does not correlate with obesity. RHT patients will cost more the health system due to their cardiovascular comorbidities, young age and sleepiness. Further studies have to elucidate the need of higher CPAP pressures in RTH patients.
Intensity of daily activity may affect exercise capacity and peripheral muscle function in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Daniela Savi, Paolo Onorati, Marcello Di Paolo, Francesca Megiorni, Riccardo Valerio De Biase, Emanuela Leggieri, Francesca Alatri, Tamara Perelli, Fabio Midulla, Serena Quattrucci, Paolo Palange
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction. Data obtained in young cystic fibrosis (CF) patients suggest that improving daily physical activity (PA) may have a positive impact on exercise tolerance, on nutritional status and on the rate of decline of FEV1; moreover, it seems to have beneficial effects on sputum clearance, respiratory muscle strength and quality of life. To date, less is known in adult patients about the role that PA intensity play to the patients’ functional status. Methods. 20CF patients (mean age 33±8SD yrs; FEV1 2.6±0.6 l; FEV1 68±16 % predicted) were studied at rest and during symptom-limited incremental exercise test (CPET). We measured hand-grip strength using a hydraulic hand dynamometer and we assessed daily PA using SenseWear (SW) accelerometer that subjects wore for 4 consecutive days. Results. A close relathionship was observed between vigorous SW activities and both VO2 peak and Watt max (r=0.545, p=0.01; r=0.547, p=0.01); a good relationship was observed between SW activities of moderate intensity vs VO2 peak (r=0.503; p=0.02) and vs V’E peak (r=0.436, p=0.05). Hand-grip strength was significantly related with both SW daily physical activity of moderate (r=0.431; p=0.05) and vigorous (r=0.508; p=0.02) intensity. SW mild physical activity was not correlated to muscle and exercise variables. Conclusions: In adult CF patients with mild to moderate lung obstruction PA levels of moderate intensity and above are related to exercise tolerance. Specifically, only daily life activity above moderate intensity seems to maintain physical fitness and peripheral muscle function. Encouraging exercise with moderate intensity to be a part of therapy should be recommended.
Identification of an Immunologically Distinct Papillomavirus From Lesions of Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis 2
Authors: Franklin Pass, Magdalena Reissig, Keerti V. Shah, Magdalena Eisinger, Gerard Orth
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Virions isolated from warts of 2 siblings with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), a rare disease characterized by the lifelong growth of warty skin tumors containing papova-like virions, were compared to isolates of human papillomavirus (HPV) from 3 pools of plantar and common hand warts. The length of relaxed, circular (form II) molecules of EV virion DNA approximated the length of HPV DNA but was 3.3% longer. Antisera prepared in rabbits against the 3 HPV pools coated and aggregated HPV in immune electron microscopy (IEM) tests but did not react with EV virions. These antisera reacted at high titers in complement fixation (CF) tests with HPV and reacted only weakly in CF tests with EV virions. Rabbit antisera to EV virions coated and aggregated EV virions but reacted only weakly or not at all with HPV virions in IEM tests. These sera reacted in CF with EV virions only. The data indicated that virions from the EV patients represent an immunologically distinct papillomavirus.
THE IMMUNOGLOBULINS OF MICE
Authors: John L. Fahey, John Wunderlich, Robert Mishell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Two classes of 7S gamma-globulins are identified in normal mouse serum and are designated 7S gamma(2)-globulins and 7S gamma(1)-globulins. These two immunoglobulin classes are similar in size. They differ in range of electrophoretic mobility, in specific antigenic determinants, and in genetically determined isoantigens. Four classes of immunoglobulins in mouse serum, i.e. 7S gamma(2)-, 7S gamma(1)-, gamma(1A) (beta(2A)), and gamma(M)-globulins, were shown to have antibody activity. Each class was characterized and shown to have distinctive immunochemical and physicochemical properties. The genetically determined isoantigens, Iga-1 and Iga-2, were shown to be present only on 7S gamma(2)-globulin molecules.
Pregnancy-Related Thromboembolism
Authors: Jan P. Vandenbroucke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 July 1997Pregnancy-Related ThromboembolismJan P. Vandenbroucke, MD, PhD and Frits R. Rosendaal, MDJan P. Vandenbroucke, MD, PhDLeiden University Hospital; 2300 RD Leiden, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author and Frits R. Rosendaal, MDLeiden University Hospital; 2300 RD Leiden, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his editorial on thrombosis prophylaxis during pregnancy in women with hereditary or acquired thrombophilia, Lee [1] rightly asks whether all women entering reproductive life should be screened for coagulation deficiencies. For factor V Leiden, we have already answered in the negative: If mass screening for factor V Leiden were followed by routine anticoagulation prophylaxis, even a short course (say, 6 weeks) of oral anticoagulation during the puerperium might cause the death of as many young mothers as, or even more than, would have died of pulmonary emboli resulting from their thrombophilic condition [2]. The recommendation that ...References1. Lee RV. Thromboembolic disease and pregnancy: are all women equal? [Editorial] Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:1001-2. Google Scholar2. Vandenbroucke JP, van der Meer FJ, Helmerhorst FM, Rosendaal FR. Factor V Leiden: should we screen oral contraceptive users and pregnant women? Br Med J. 1996; 313:1127-30. Google Scholar3. Friederich PW, Sanson BJ, Simioni P, Zanardi S, Huisman MV, Kindt I, et al. Frequency of pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism in anticoagulant factor-deficient women: implications for prophylaxis. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:955-60. Google Scholar4. van der Meer FJ, Rosendaal FR, Vandenbroucke JP, Briet E. Bleeding complications in oral anticoagulant therapy: an analysis of risk factors. Arch Intern Med. 1993; 153:1557-62. Google Scholar5. Imperiale TF, Speroff T. A meta-analysis of methods to prevent venous thromboembolism following total hip replacement. JAMA. 1994; 271:1780-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Leiden University Hospital; 2300 RD Leiden, the Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 2Page: 164-165KeywordsFactor V LeidenFearHemorrhageHipPregnancyProphylaxisSurgeryThromboembolismThrombosis Issue Published: 15 July 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Improved survival in patients with limited stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease treated with combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
Authors: K C Marcus, L A Kalish, C N Coleman, L N Shulman, D S Rosenthal, G P Canellos, P M Mauch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE Patients with laparotomy-staged (PS) III 1A Hodgkin's disease confined to the upper abdomen are believed to have a favorable prognosis and require less aggressive treatment than patients with more-extensive stage III disease. We evaluated prognostic factors and outcome in 93 patients with PS III 1A Hodgkin's disease treated either with radiation therapy (RT) alone or combined RT and chemotherapy (combined modality treatment [CMT]) to determine the extent of treatment needed in this subgroup of stage IIIA patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the freedom from relapse (FFR) rate, sites of recurrence, and survival rate of PS III 1A patients selected to receive extended-field irradiation (MPA, n = 27), total-nodal irradiation (TNI, n = 34), and CMT (n = 32) between 1969 and 1987. CMT consisted of six cycles of mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) chemotherapy and MPA. Patients treated with MPA were part of a prospective trial designed to reduce treatment to patients with minimal stage III disease with very favorable characteristics. RESULTS Histologic subclass and treatment were the only prognostic factors for FFR and survival rates. Patients with nodular sclerosis or lymphocyte predominance histology had significantly higher FFR and survival rates compared to patients with mixed-cellularity (MC) histology. The 10-year actuarial FFR of PSIII 1A patients treated with MPA was only 39%, versus 55% for TNI (P = .02) and 94% for CMT (v MPA, P &lt; .0001; v TNI, P = .006). The patterns of recurrence in patients who received MPA and TNI were significantly different, with MPA patients relapsing more often in untreated pelvic or inguinal nodes, and TNI patients relapsing more often in extranodal sites with or without nodal sites. The 10-year actuarial overall survival rate for patients treated with CMT was 89% versus 78% for MPA (v CMT, P = .09) and 70% for TNI (v CMT, P = .05). CONCLUSION Patients with PSIII 1A Hodgkin's disease treated with RT have a significantly higher risk of relapse and potentially a poorer survival compared with patients treated with CMT. These findings suggest that CMT should play a greater role in the treatment of this favorable substage of patients. Management with modified chemotherapy and RT in an attempt to reduce long-term treatment-induced complications may be a preferred approach for future trials.
Allergens in Cow Hair and Dander
Authors: P. Prahl
Journal: Allergy (1981)

Quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods were used for the analysis of the allergens in cow hair and dander and for comparison with related preparations. The immunoelectro‐phoretic precipitation pattern of an extract from cow hair and dander showed 17 precipitates. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis showed four of these to be major allergens of the extract, and these allergens are common major allergens in four investigated cow breeds. The allergens are associated predominantly with hair and dander, but they were also demonstrated in cow saliva, urine, whey, amniotic fluid and beef, as well as in cow‐hide products. Allergens displaying partial immunological identity with the major allergens of cow hair and dander were found in extracts from goat and sheep pelts, in products made of these materials such as carpet and knitting wool, and in carpets made of animal hair.
High IFN-γ and low SLPI mark severe asthma in mice and humans
Authors: Mahesh Raundhal, Christina Morse, Anupriya Khare, Timothy B. Oriss, Jadranka Milosevic, John Trudeau, Rachael Huff, Joseph Pilewski, Fernando Holguin, Jay Kolls, Sally Wenzel, Prabir Ray, Anuradha Ray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Severe asthma (SA) is a challenge to control, as patients are not responsive to high doses of systemic corticosteroids (CS). In contrast, mild-moderate asthma (MMA) is responsive to low doses of inhaled CS, indicating that Th2 cells, which are dominant in MMA, do not solely orchestrate SA development. Here, we analyzed broncholalveolar lavage cells isolated from MMA and SA patients and determined that IFN-γ (Th1) immune responses are exacerbated in the airways of individuals with SA, with reduced Th2 and IL-17 responses. We developed a protocol that recapitulates the complex immune response of human SA, including the poor response to CS, in a murine model. Compared with WT animals, Ifng-/- mice subjected to this SA model failed to mount airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) without appreciable effect on airway inflammation. Conversely, AHR was not reduced in Il17ra-/- mice, although airway inflammation was lower. Computer-assisted pathway analysis tools linked IFN-γ to secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), which is expressed by airway epithelial cells, and IFN-γ inversely correlated with SLPI expression in SA patients and the mouse model. In mice subjected to our SA model, forced SLPI expression decreased AHR in the absence of CS, and it was further reduced when SLPI was combined with CS. Our study identifies a distinct immune response in SA characterized by a dysregulated IFN-γ/SLPI axis that affects lung function.