tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P4-01-02: The role of FLT PET early assessment of response to endocrine therapy for early stage breast cancer
Authors: HM Linden, BF Kurland, JM Link, A Novakova, X Chai, VK Gadi, JM Specht, D Hills, JR Gralow, EK Schubert, L Korde, LM Peterson, R Doot, J Eary, A Shields, KA Krohn, DA Mankoff
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: In estrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumors, a low proliferative index (Ki-67) two weeks into endocrine therapy predicts response. FLT PET non-invasively measures tumor proliferation in vivo. The pre-operative window is an opportunity to assess impact of systemic therapies. We tested associations between FLT PET qualitative and quantitative measures and Ki-67 following two weeks of aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy. Methods: Women with clinical stage I-II ER+ HER2– breast cancer underwent “run-in” of AI monotherapy prior to definitive surgery. Premenopausal women were given GNRH agonist treatment 2 W prior to AI therapy. FLT PET was performed before AI therapy, and 1-7 days before surgery. Ki-67 was measured in baseline core biopsy and surgical specimens. Results: Fourteen patients (8 postmenopausal, 6 premenopausal) have been enrolled. All have undergone baseline FLT PET imaging; 11 have completed imaging and surgery, including one premenopausal patient with no residual invasive carcinoma following 26 days of AI therapy. The majority harbored ductal carcinomas (n = 9, 5 with lobular histology) with the majority histologic grade ≥ 2 (n = 11). The median number of days exposed to AI was 19 (range, 9-42). Baseline SUVmax ranged from 1.2 to 3.9 (median 2.2), and post run-in SUV (6-64 days later) ranged from 1.2 to 2.8 (median 1.8). Baseline Ki-67 ranged from 6-26.2, median 11.6; surgical Ki-67 post AI therapy ranged from 0- 20.3 median 3.7, with seven below 5%. SUV and flux declined in most patients, as did Ki-67. Quantitative FLT flux correlated with tumor response assessed by proliferative index (Ki-67) before the “run-in” period, with a stronger correlation at surgery, Pearson correlation coefficients = 0.41 and 0.82, respectively. FLT SUV and qualitative changes were not strongly associated with Ki-67. Conclusions: Both pre and postmenopausal women with early stage breast cancer showed imaging and tissue response to endocrine therapy. Quantitative, but not qualitative FLT is a promising tool to assess tumor proliferation and response to therapy. Accrual is ongoing and updated results will be reported. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-01-02.
Carcinoid heart disease: relationship of circulating vasoactive substances to ultrasound-detectable cardiac abnormalities.
Authors: L Lundin, I Norheim, J Landelius, K Oberg, E Theodorsson-Norheim
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Cardiac ultrasound investigation of 68 prospectively studied patients with histologically proven midgut carcinoid tumors showed right heart disease in 66%. The abnormal findings included morphologic and functional aberrations of the tricuspid valve in 52% and 83%, respectively, right atrial and ventricular enlargement in 53% and 30%, and paradoxical systolic septal contractions in 19%. The patients with the most pronounced right heart disease had significantly higher (p less than .01) plasma levels of the tachykinins neuropeptide K and substance P as well as higher (p less than .001) urinary excretion of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These patients also had the most extensive tumor disease. The occurrence of echocardiographic abnormalities of the left heart was similar to that in healthy individuals of the same age, but abnormalities were less frequent among the patients with severe right heart disease. Electrocardiographic changes were nonspecific. Right heart disease thus seems to be present more often than previously reported in patients with malignant midgut carcinoid tumors. The severity of cardiac involvement does not seem to be related to the duration of carcinoid disease but more to the extent of the disease, i.e., higher plasma levels of serotonin and tachykinins.
Recurring thromboembolic disease and pulmonary hypertension associated with severe hypoplasminogenemia
Authors: Richard Lottenberg, F. Ray Dolly, Craig S. Kitchens
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract In a patient with pulmonary hypertension and a history of recurrent venous thrombosis, plasma concentrations of all known coagulant and inhibitor proteins were normal except for severe deficiency of plasminogen. Repeated analyses showed the circulating plasma plasminogen level to be 30% of normal by either functional or immunologic methods. We sought evidence for either increased activation of plasminogen or for dysplasminogen. There was no evidence for the former. Purified plasminogen studies disclosed a normal number of active sites and normal activation. Generated plasmin had normal catalytic activity. Isoelectric focusing disclosed normal distribution of isoforms. Affinity chromatography with lysine‐sepharose showed the presence of the two variant forms; however, an increased proportion of the protein eluted in the first peak. Danazol administration induced an increase in circulating plasminogen, but the differences in affinity chromatography elution profile remained. We conclude that this patient has a deficiency of normally functioning plasminogen, probably due to decreased synthesis.
Risk of Hypercalcemia From Prophylaxis of Traveler's Diarrhea
Authors: Robert A. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  Subsalicylate bismuth (Pepto-Bismol) has been shown to be effective for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea (emporiatic enteritis) (1980;243:237). 1 Because of the large volume of medication required (60 mL four times a day), travelers may be tempted to substitute Pepto-Bismol tablets. I would like to point out a potential risk of this substitution.  Pepto-Bismol tablets each contain 300 mg of subsalicylate bismuth, and, unlike the liquid, 350 mg of calcium carbonate. This fact is not mentioned on the package or in the Physicians' Desk Reference . A traveler taking the equivalent of the recommended daily dose of 240 mL (4,200 mg of subsalicylate bismuth) would ingest 14 tablets per day. This corresponds to a load of 4.9 g of calcium carbonate per day. While most normal persons are able to excrete this calcium load, some individuals will be susceptible to hypercalcemia through the milk-alkali syndrome. The amount of
WMA should not retreat on use of placebos
Authors: M. Bland
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—I do not think that patients should remain untreated when a proved effective treatment is available, and I was pleased by the new clause 29 in the revised Declaration of Helsinki. I am dismayed that the World Medical Association is retreating from this position.1

The association's first condition for the use of placebo in research trials to be ethically acceptable—“Where for compelling and scientifically sound methodological reasons its …
992 IMPACT OF INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE LOAD ON BILE SALT TRANSPORTERS IN CRITICALLY ILL RABBITS
Authors: Y.-M. Vanwijngaerden, S. Derde, A. Keereman, L. Langouche, L. Mebis, H. Vervenne, G. Van den Berghe, D. Mesotten
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Orthopaedic trauma and plasma lipids.
Authors: P Ghirardi, A Marzo, F Muzzi
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Pre-admission Investigations SIR,-I presume that hospital case summar- ies are frequently used for research purposes and should therefore be as accurate as possible.During 20 years in general practice it has struck me as very odd that according to these summaries the patient's investigations and specific treatment nearly always start on his admission to hospital or attendance at the outpatient department.There is rarely any reference to investigations done by the gen- eral practitioner before the patient came under the care of the hospital.Yet with open access to x-ray and laboratory facilities con- siderable information may have been obtain- ed concerning the patient's illness before referral to a hospital consultant.The case summaries also give the impression that a considerable time has elapsed between the patient presenting his symptoms to the G.P. and his subsequent referral to hospital, with- out the G.P. doing anything positive.
Once-Daily and Twice-Daily Dosing of p-Aminosalicylic Acid Granules
Authors: CHARLES A. PELOQUIN, SHAUN E. BERNING, GWEN A. HUITT, JAMES M. CHILDS, MICHAEL D. SINGLETON, GORDON T. JAMES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The study objective was to determine the minimum frequency of dosing for standard 4-g doses of p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) granules. Two sequential six-patient pharmacokinetic studies are described, followed by clinical data from 40 subsequent patients. All patients had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Serum was collected at two to three time points after dosing, and assayed by a validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. Data were analyzed using noncompartmental methods. In six patients, twice-daily dosing produced median serum concentrations at 4, 8, and 12 h post-dose of 25.8, 23.2, and 16.4 microgram/ml. In six patients, once-daily dosing produced median serum concentrations at 6, 12, and 24 h post-dose of 23.4, 3.7, and 0 microgram/ml. In 40 patients, twice-daily dosing produced median serum concentrations at 4 to 8 and 9 to 12 h post-dose of 24.8 and 20.6 microgram/ml. Unlike once-daily dosing, twice-daily PAS maintained serum concentrations in excess of 1 microgram/ml, the typical minimal inhibitory concentration against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for the entire dosing interval. We now use twice-daily PAS granules for our patients with MDR-TB.
Patient-Physician Confidentiality on Trial in Turkey
Authors: Elisa Muñoz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

THE HUMAN RIGHTS FOUNDATION of Turkey, accustomed to protecting human rights in Turkey, recently has found itself defending international medical ethical standards against attacks from the Turkish government. The public prosecutor in Adana, Turkey, has requested the names and addresses of applicants to the Torture Treatment and Rehabilitation Center operated by the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey. The third trial against representatives of the foundation's Adana center took place on September 13,1996. A decision was not handed down and a new trial has been scheduled for November 8, 1996. The grounds on which the trial was launched target universal principles of human rights and medical ethics.<sup>1</sup> See also p 1439. Representatives of the foundation, Tufan Köse, a physician, and Mustafa Çinkiliç, a lawyer, have been charged under articles 526 and 530 of the Turkish Penal Code for "operating an unlicensed health center" and "negligence in denouncing a crime."<sup>2</sup>
Oligonucleotide linked to human gammaglobulin specifically diminishes anti-DNA antibody formation in cultured lymphoid cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: Y Borel, H Borel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

In vitro studies were undertaken to determine whether the level of anti-DNA antibody can be modulated in humans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). DNA fragments of different sizes, i.e., oligonucleotide (N20-30) or oligonucleotide (N10-100), were covalently linked either to human gammaglobulin (HGG) and used as tolerogens or to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and used as immunogens. Experiments were done to determine whether such tolerogens specifically diminish antibodies to denatured DNA, native DNA, or both. PBL were obtained from 87 patients with SLE, 55 of whom spontaneously produced anti-DNA antibodies in vitro. Furthermore, of these 55 test subjects 23 made anti-DNA antibodies in response to antigen challenge in vitro. Exposure of PBL to tolerogenic oligonucleotide-HGG reduced spontaneous antibody formation in 34 of the 55 patients' PBL and abrogated the in vitro-induced response in all instances. The suppression was tolerogen specific. In some SLE patients lymphoid cells were suppressed by both (N10-100)-HGG and (N20-30)-HGG, while in others lymphoid cells were suppressed by only one. Longitudinal studies of spontaneous antibody production showed that the same tolerogens consistently reduced anti-DNA antibody formation in lymphoid cells of 12 patients on several occasions over a 2-yr interval, but in 8 others the results were either variable or inconsistent. In contrast, tolerogens consistently abrogated the antigen-induced response in all 23 patients' PBL. These results obtained in humans in vitro suggest that the principle of carrier-determined tolerance could be applied as a specific therapy for SLE in vivo.
1093-147 Age-gender differences in subclinical atherosclerosis among ethnic/racial groups
Authors: Khurram Nasir, Santos D Raul, Wendy S Post, Joel B Braunstein, John A Rumberger, Romeu Meneghelo, Jose A Carvalho, Matthew J Budoff, Armando Pereirinha, Eduardo Mauricio, Miguel A Barreiros, Roger S Blumenthal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Audit of prenatal diagnosis for haemoglobin disorders in the United Kingdom: the first 20 years
Authors: B Modell, M Petrou, M Layton, C Slater, R H T Ward, C Rodeck, L. Varnavides, K Nicolaides, S Gibbons, A. Fitches, J. Old
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To audit services for prenatal diagnosis for haemoglobin disorders in the United Kingdom. <b>Design:</b> Comparison of the annual number of cases recorded in a United Kingdom register of prenatal diagnoses for haemoglobin disorders, with the annual number of pregnancies at risk of these disorders, by ethnic group and regional health authority. The number of pregnancies at risk was estimated using data on ethnic group from the 1991 census and data from the United Kingdom thalassaemia register, which records the number of babies born with thalassaemia. <b>Setting:</b> The three national prenatal diagnosis centres for haemoglobin disorders. <b>Subjects:</b> 2068 cases of prenatal diagnosis for haemoglobin disorders in the United Kingdom from 1974 to 1994. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Utilisation of prenatal diagnosis by risk, ethnic group, and regional health authority. Proportion of referrals in the first trimester and before the birth of any affected child. <b>Results:</b> National utilisation of prenatal diagnosis for haemoglobin disorders was around 20%. During the past 10 years it has remained steady at about 50% for thalassaemias and risen from 7% to 13% for sickle cell disorders. Utilisation for sickle cell disorders varies regionally from 2% to 20%. Utilisation for thalassaemias varies by ethnic group. It is almost 90% for Cypriots and ranges regionally for British Pakistanis from 0% to over 60%. About 60% of first prenatal diagnoses are done for couples without an affected child. Less than 50% of first referrals are in the first trimester. <b>Conclusions:</b> National utilisation of prenatal diagnosis for haemoglobin disorders is far lower than expected, and there are wide regional variations. A high proportion of referrals are still in the second trimester and after the birth of an affected child. The findings point to serious shortcomings in present antenatal screening practice and in local screening policies and to inadequate counselling resources, especially for British Pakistanis. <h3>Key messages</h3> This audit for the United Kingdom found that utilisation of prenatal diagnosis for thalassaemias is about half that expected and for sickle cell disorders one third that expected Differences in prevalence of couples at risk or in ethnic group did not account for the wide regional differences observed First trimester prenatal diagnosis is feasible for all couples at risk of haemoglobin disorders, but less than half of those having prenatal diagnosis are first referred in the first trimester To achieve the objective of the service—informed choice for couples at risk—each district health authority needs a policy promoting screening for carriers early in pregnancy and before pregnancy, immediate expert counselling in couples9 own language when appropriate, and fast track referral
Reticulocyte Count in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, with Observations on the Effect of Gold Therapy on Bone Marrow Function
Authors: A. M. Denman, H. Huber, P. H. N. Wood, J. T. Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1965)

A variety of disturbances in the peripheral blood count may complicate gold therapy given to patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Relatively small doses of gold have caused leucopenia and thrombocyto- penia, often associated with other manifestations of hypersensitivity (Price and Leichtentritt, 1943).Pancytopenia secondary to marrow aplasia has occurred less commonly, and usually only after large doses (Wintrobe, Stowell, and Roll, 1939; Marriott and Peters, 1950).Moreover, marrow depression may not be evident until many months after the course of gold has been completed (S0rensen, 1951).In recent years the incidence of these complications has been greatly reduced by limiting the amount of gold given in single injections and also in any one course (Empire Rheumatism Council, 1960).Some drugs, such as thiouracil, produce abnormal blood counts infrequently, apparently because of individual idiosyncrasy (Bell and Mishtowt, 1951).Other drugs, such as nitrogen mustard, are predictably toxic to the bone marrow when given in adequate dosage (Wintrobe, Huguley, McLennan, and Lima, 1947).Both mechanisms have been incriminated in the marrow dysplasia caused by chloramphenicol, and reticulocytopenia and im- paired utilization of radioactive iron have been demonstrated before changes occurred in the peripheral blood count (Krakoff, Karnofsky, and
Salicylate-aspirin interaction in the rat. Evidence that salicylate accumulating during aspirin administration may protect vascular prostacyclin from aspirin-induced inhibition.
Authors: E Dejana, C Cerletti, C de Castellarnau, M Livio, F Galletti, R Latini, G de Gaetano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase, thus preventing thromboxane A2 production in blood platelets and prostacyclin in vascular cells. Aspirin is rapidly hydrolyzed to salicylate in the circulation. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate whether administration of salicylate, though ineffective by itself, prevents the inhibitory effect of aspirin on platelet and/or vascular cyclooxygenase activity; (b) to verify whether salicylate accumulating in blood after aspirin administration interferes with the pharmacological activity of further doses of aspirin. Pretreatment of rats with sodium salicylate (25-100 mg/kg i.p.) resulted in dose-related prevention of the effect of a subsequent dose of aspirin (2.5-10 mg/kg i.v.) on both platelet and vascular cells. Sodium salicylate appeared to amplify the greater response of platelets to aspirin compared with vessel wall. Pretreatment of rats with repeated high doses of aspirin (200 mg/kg) resulted after 24 h in blood salicylate levels (150-200 microgram/ml) that significantly prevented the inhibitory effect of a subsequent dose of aspirin on newly synthesized vascular prostacyclin. Blood salicylate levels obtained after 36 or 48 h (less than 50 microgram/ml) were too low to blunt aspirin's effect. The interference with aspirin of its major endogenous metabolite should be borne in mind when interpreting results obtained with high dose aspirin or during repeated administration of this drug.
Use of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Nicole R. Fowler, Kim G. Johnson, Jie Li, Charity G. Moore, Samir Saba, Oscar L. Lopez, Amber E. Barnato
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia have cardiac comorbidities, making them eligible for device-based therapy for cardiac rhythm abnormalities.1-3 The risks and benefits of device implantation should be weighed carefully by pa tients with cognitive impairment, family members, and clinicians given the potential of these devices to have an impact on the quantity and quality of life. This study describes the epidemiology of cardiac implantable electronic devices among a population-based sample of older adults with and without cognitive impairment.
483 EFFECT OF PIRFENIDONE IN TH1/TH2 RESPONSE IN EXPERIMENTAL LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: J. Navarro-Partida, A.L. Marquez-Aguirre, A.B. Martinez-Rizo, J. Galvez-Gastelum, J. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J. Armendariz-Borunda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
More ‘malignant’ than cancer? Five‐year survival following a first admission for heart failure
Authors: Simon Stewart, Kate MacIntyre, David J. Hole, Simon Capewell, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2001)

Abstract Background: The prognostic impact of heart failure relative to that of ‘high‐profile’ disease states such as cancer, within the whole population, is unknown. Methods: All patients with a first admission to any Scottish hospital in 1991 for heart failure, myocardial infarction or the four most common types of cancer specific to men and women were identified. Five‐year survival rates and associated loss of expected life‐years were then compared. Results: In 1991, 16224 men had an initial hospitalisation for heart failure ( n ‐ 3241), myocardial infarction ( n ‐ 6932) or cancer of the lung, large bowel, prostate or bladder ( n ‐ 6051). Similarly, 14842 women were admitted for heart failure ( n ‐ 3606), myocardial infarction ( n ‐ 4916), or cancer of the breast, lung, large bowel or ovary ( n ‐ 6320). With the exception of lung cancer, heart failure was associated with the poorest 5‐year survival rate (approximately 25% for both sexes). On an adjusted basis, heart failure was associated with worse long‐term survival than bowel cancer in men (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82–0.97; P &lt; 0.01) and breast cancer in women (odds ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.55–0.64; P &lt; 0.001). The overall population rate of expected life‐years lost due to heart failure in men was 6.7 years/1000 and for women 5.1 years/1000. Conclusion: With the notable exception of lung cancer, heart failure is as ‘malignant’ as many common types of cancer and is associated with a comparable number of expected life‐years lost.
Endogenous formation of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine is increased in fatty livers and induces inflammatory markers in an in vitro model of hepatic steatosis
Authors: Katrien H.J. Gaens, Petra M.G. Niessen, Sander S. Rensen, Wim A. Buurman, Jan Willem M. Greve, Ann Driessen, Marcel G.M. Wolfs, Marten H. Hofker, Johanne G. Bloemen, Cornelis H. Dejong, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, Casper G. Schalkwijk
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)