tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in phrenic, hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal nerve activities after intravenous infusions of aminophylline in cats
Authors: CH Chiang, YC Tang, SE Wang, JC Hwang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Aminophylline is known to have respiratory stimulant properties, and it has been suggested that it may also be effective in sleep apnoea. However, its role in this disorder remains uncertain. Theoretically, increasing upper airway motoneural activity in order to maintain airway patency might alleviate obstructive sleep apnoea. On the other hand, increasing the respiratory drive may also prove beneficial in treating central sleep apnoea. In these studies, we attempted to determine the effect of aminophylline on neural activities of the upper airway and diaphragm. We administered intravenously either a low dose (4 mg.kg-1) or a high dose (16 mg.kg-1) of aminophylline to decerebrated, vagotomized and paralysed cats, and continuously recorded the phrenic hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal nerve activities for 3 h. Results showed that a high dose of aminophylline induced a marked increase in phrenic nerve activity, but not hypoglossal or recurrent laryngeal nerve activity. In a group treated with a low dosage of aminophylline, a significant increase of activity was found in all three nerves. Furthermore, phrenic nerve activity increased more with a high dose than with a low dose. We confirmed that aminophylline has dose-dependent and selective effects on respiratory neural activity. A low dose acts on the upper airway and diaphragm, but a high dose induces a marked increase in central respiratory drive. According to our results, low dose aminophylline might be beneficial in obstructive sleep apnoea, whereas, a high or low dose might improve some cases of central sleep apnoea.
Local and systemic cytokine profiles in patients with non-severe and severe community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Marthe Paats, Ingrid Bergen, Wessel Hanselaar, Christine Groeninx van Zoelen, Henk Hoogsteden, Rudi Hendriks, Menno van der Eerden
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background  Cytokines are important mediators in the host response to infection. Local inflammatory responses in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) however remain insufficiently elucidated, especially in patients with non-severe CAP.   Objectives  In this study we aimed to determine both local and systemic cytokine responses in patients with non-severe and severe CAP and to correlate these with pneumonia severity index (PSI) and other clinical parameters.   Methods  In a prospective study, 20 CAP patients and 10 healthy individuals were included. Upon admission, levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interferon (IFN)γ, IL-22, IL-17A and IL-4 were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Systemic cytokine levels were also measured on days 7 and 30.   Results  In BAL fluid of CAP patients, levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IFNγ were significantly increased compared with healthy individuals, but no correlations with disease severity were found. Systemic levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IFNγ were significantly higher in severe CAP patients than in non-severe CAP patients and healthy individuals. Moreover, these cytokines showed a strong correlation with the PSI. In the total group of CAP patients IL-8 and IL-22 levels were also increased compared with healthy individuals.   Conclusions  IL-6 and IFNγ are important cytokines in both the local and systemic inflammatory response in CAP. Differences in disease severity upon admission are however only reflected by the systemic levels of these cytokines and IL-10.
Immunotherapy of Bilateral Lymph Node Metastases in Guinea Pigs by Intralesional or Paralesional Injection of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG)
Authors: B. Zbar, J. T. Hunter, H. J. Rapp, G. F. Canti
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Bilateral axillary lymph node metastases occurred after intradermal (id) injection of line 10 hepatocellular carcinoma cells over the thoracic spine of inbred guinea pigs. Excision of the dermal tumor 7 days after injection of tumor cells did not prevent the development of metastases. Injection of BCG into dermal tumors without surgery led to their regression and prevented the growth of microscopic metastases in both right and left superficial distal axillary lymph nodes. Bilateral id injection of BCG between the dermal transplant and each of the regional lymph nodes followed by excision of the dermal tumor also prevented progression of metastases. Unilateral id injection of BCG before excision of dermal tumors failed to retard metastases in contralateral superficial distal axillary lymph nodes. These results suggested that elimination of microscopic lymph node metastases required delivery of adjuvant to or near each metastatic site. Systemic tumor immunity alone may be inadequate to eradicate lymph node metastases.
Possible Association of Radioprotective and Chemoprotective Aminophosphorothioate Drug Activity With Polyamine Oxidase Susceptibility&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J M Gaugas
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The aminophosphorothioate drug S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioate (WR-2721) is both radioprotective and chemoprotective, with potential clinical use in cancer therapies. These distinct properties may be associated with its catabolism by polyamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4), which is found in varying amounts in different body tissues. Unfortunately, the metabolite is probably a cytotoxic aldehyde, but it should be detoxified in vivo following adduction with tissue sulfhydryls. Whether conversion and adduction benefit or hinder pharmacologic activity is not known, inasmuch as aldehydes may reduce oxygen-dependent free radicals generated by irradiation of tissues. S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)propylphosphorothioate was similarly a substrate for polyamine oxidase, and the product was cytotoxic. Other aminophosphorothioates [S-2-(4-aminobutaneamino)ethylphosphorothioate, S-2-(5-aminopentylamino)ethylphosphorothioate, and S-2-(4-aminobutaneamino)propylphosphorothioate] were poor substrates and less radioprotective.
Investigation of a relationship between NF-KB1A gene polymorphism and non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Farangiz Ghodrati, Gokhan Ozkan, Engin Aynaci, Yasemin Musteri Oltulu, Ender Coskunpinar, Pinar Yildiz, Ilhan Yaylim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB) is defined as a protein family. NF-κBIA (IκBα) is inhibitory of NF-κB transcription factor. It binds NF-κB transcription factor and blocks carrying NF-κB factor to nucleus and binding to DNA. NF-κBIA (IκBα) is a gene that contains six exons and locates in 4q13 chorosomal region. Purpose of study reports relation between Turkish people who have NF-κBIA gene polymorphism and NSCLC.

Method 

99 lung cancer cases and 99 healthy control cases who were diagnosed in our hospital included in the study. PCR-RFLP technique was used for genotyping.

Results 

Genotype distrubition of NF-κBIA gene's relevant region were detected (n=99) 17.2% AA (n=17), 48.5% AG (n=48), 34.3% GG (n=34) at patient group and (n=99) 21.2% AA (n=21), 45.5% AG (n=45), 33.3% GG (n=33) at control group. (p=0.766).

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![Figure][1] 



Conclusion 

According to this study's results, a significant difference was not detected between Turkish people who have NF-κBIA polymorphism and NSCLC as statistical. We have opinion that significant results can be gained by increasing cases's numbers.

 [1]: pending:yes
Current and future periodontal tissue engineering
Authors: Yuichi Izumi, Akira Aoki, Yoichi Yamada, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Takanori Iwata, Tatsuya Akizuki, Tomonari Suda, Sayaka Nakamura, Nawarat Wara‐Aswapati, Minoru Ueda, Isao Ishikawa
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2011)
Predictors of exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis
Authors: Daniel Vaz, Maria João, Margarida Dias, Daniel Coutinho, Manuela Vanzeller, Maria Céu Brito, Teresa Shiang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction

Exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis are associated with increased morbimortality.

Aims and objectives

Determine the factors that predict an increased risk for 2 or more exacerbations/year

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patients with bronchiectasis admitted for acute exacerbations between 2009 and 2013.

A total of 76 patients were analyzed as follow: age, gender, etiology of bronchietasis, known duration of disease, smoking habits, comorbidities, chronic therapy and previous sputum isolates.

Results

The population was composed of 76 patients(78,9% males) with median age of 63,8±14 years and high prevalence of exposure to tobacco(64,7%).The most prevalent etiology for bronchiectasis was tuberculosis(41,9%) and average duration of disease was 11,6±16,4 years. 63,2% had 2 or more previous exacerbations/year. 19,7% patients had previous isolation of a multiresistent(MR) agent in sputum. The most prevalent co-morbidity was COPD(72,3%) and average percent predicted FEV1 was 38±13,7%. On univariate analysis predictors for frequent exacerbations were previous asthma(OR 9,215; p=0,0012), chronic therapy with inhaled steroid(OR 5,56; p=0,022) and previous isolation of MR agent in sputum(OR 9,291; p=0,006). On multivariate analysis the only independent predictor for frequent exacerbation was previous isolation of MR agent in sputum(OR 9,678; p=0,036).

Conclusions

The only independent predictor for frequent exacerbation was previous isolation of MR agent in sputum, emphasizing the need for a structured therapeutic plan aiming to avoid colonization with certain pathogens that by themselves perpetuate the inflammatory cycle that increases the number of exacerbations.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance: Potential usefulness of the Texas behavioral risk factor survey surveillance system
Authors: David Coultas, Bradford Jackson, Karan Singh, Sejong Bae
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Public health surveillance of COPD has traditionally focused on risk factors and measures of disease occurrence, but these measures are insufficient to monitor effectiveness of disease control strategies.

Objectives: The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the potential usefulness of a population-based telephone surveillance system for monitoring patient-reported outcomes among patients with COPD.

Methods: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a state-based system of telephone surveys. In 2009, the Texas BRFSS included a question about physician-diagnosed COPD and self-rated health status. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of self-reported COPD, fair/poor health status, and the influence of lifestyle factors, health care access, and co-morbid conditions. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression.

Results: Adults with COPD reported significantly worse health status compared to adults without COPD (fair/poor: 49.1% vs. 13.7%, p<0.001). In multivariate analyses lifestyle and health care access factors significantly (p<0.05) associated with fair/poor health status included: current smoker (PR=2.9), former smoker (PR=2.0), physical inactivity (PR=3.0), having a personal doctor (PR=4.8), inability to see a doctor due to costs (PR=3.6), and pneumonia shot (PR=6.1). Co-morbid conditions significantly (p<0.05) associated with fair/poor health status were: obesity (PR=3.5), asthma (PR=1.7), cardiovascular disease (PR=3.2), and cancer (PR=1.7).

Conclusion: These results suggest that the BRFSS may be useful at the population-level for surveillance of COPD.
A simultaneous single breath measurement of pulmonary diffusing capacity with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide
Authors: CD Borland, TW Higenbottam
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

Pulmonary diffusing capacity (DL) for carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) were simultaneously measured in man using the single breath method, by adding 4O ppm of NO to the inspired gas and analysing the expirate for NO by a chemiluminescent method. The mean ratio of DLNO to DLCO in thirteen subjects was 4.3 (SD 0.3), mean DLNO = 49 mmol.min-1.kPa-1 (SD 10) and mean DLCO = 11 mmol.min-1.kPa-1 (SD 2). An increase in alveolar oxygen concentration from a mean of 18 to 68% in five subjects was associated with a 54% fall in DLCO but no change in DLNO. A reduction of lung volume from total lung capacity (TLC) (mean of 7 l) to a mean volume of 3.9 l in five subjects caused a fall in both DLNO (by 34%) and DLCO (by 8%). With 175 watts cycle exercise in three subjects the DLCO rose by 45% and DLNO by 25%. Since NO reacts much faster with haemoglobin than CO, DLNO should be influenced much less by reaction with haemoglobin, and perhaps represents a better index for the diffusing capacity of the alveolar-capillary membrane (Dm) than DLCO.
Translation of gene expression profiles into a novel immunohistochemistry based classification of carcinoma
Authors: Douglas T. Ross, Brian Z. Ring, Noel Estopinal, Marshall Schroeder, David Hicks, Robert S. Seitz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A90  Gene expression profiling combined with hierarchical clustering has identified significant biologic variation in tumor samples that can be used to classify patients in clinically significant ways. We have endeavored to translate this into a panel of immunohistochemistry antisera that can be used to classify tumor samples embedded in paraffin blocks. Several hundred novel antisera were generated, targeted by gene expression data and screened for utility in immunohistochemical classification of carcinoma samples. Panels of Diversity tailored to tissue type have been characterized and used to stain tissue arrays containing breast or lung cancer specimens with clinical follow-up. Individual antisera identified subsets of patient samples that were conserved in relative proportions and association with outcome between independent cohorts within tissue type and as well as between tissue types. These Panels of Diversity may be revealing a classification of carcinoma that transcends tissue of origin and may be useful for rational stratification of patients in clinical trials.
Distinct germinal center selection at local sites shapes memory B cell response to viral escape
Authors: Yu Adachi, Taishi Onodera, Yuki Yamada, Rina Daio, Makoto Tsuiji, Takeshi Inoue, Kazuo Kobayashi, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Manabu Ato, Yoshimasa Takahashi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

Respiratory influenza virus infection induces cross-reactive memory B cells targeting invariant regions of viral escape mutants. However, cellular events dictating the cross-reactive memory B cell responses remain to be fully defined. Here, we demonstrated that lung-resident memory compartments at the site of infection, rather than those in secondary lymphoid organs, harbor elevated frequencies of cross-reactive B cells that mediate neutralizing antibody responses to viral escape. The elevated cross-reactivity in the lung memory compartments was correlated with high numbers of VH mutations and was dependent on a developmental pathway involving persistent germinal center (GC) responses. The persistent GC responses were focused in the infected lungs in association with prolonged persistence of the viral antigens. Moreover, the persistent lung GCs supported the exaggerated B cell proliferation and clonal selection for cross-reactive repertoires, which served as the predominant sites for the generation of cross-reactive memory progenitors. Thus, we identified the distinct GC selection at local sites as a key cellular event for cross-reactive memory B cell response to viral escape, a finding with important implications for developing broadly protective influenza vaccines.
Initial Treatment for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: a Single Center, Retrospective Study
Authors: Takuma Onoe, Naoto Takase, Maki Tanioka, Koji Matsumoto, Yosuke Ota, Koichiro Yonezawa, Yuji Hirayama, Shigemichi Iwae, Syunichi Negoro
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Predicting hospital readmission in patients discharged following acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD)
Authors: John Steer, John Gibson, Stephen Bourke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background

Readmission rates following hospitalisation for AECOPD are high. The ability to accurately identify patients at a high risk of readmission could help clinicians effectively direct resources and interventions.

Objective

To identify predictors of readmission in patients surviving hospitalisation for AECOPD.

Method

Clinical data from consecutive patients surviving hospitalisation for AECOPD were collected. All variables associated (p<0.10) with outcome (readmission to hospital, or death at home without readmission, within 90 days of discharge) on univariate analysis were entered in to a multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

824 patients were recruited: mean (SD) age = 72.3 (10) years; 54.2% were female; mean (SD) FEV1 = 44.0 (17.4) % predicted; and median (IQR) length of stay = 6 (4 to 11) days.

37.3% of patients were readmitted or died within 90-days. The strongest three predictors of outcome were: stable state dyspnoea (measured using the extended MRC Dyspnoea Scale); the number of hospitalisations in the preceding year; and recent unexplained weight loss. The full regression model (table 1) showed good discrimination for 90-day readmission (AUROC = 0.751, 0.717 to 0.783).

View this table:

Table 1. Independent predictors of readmission





Conclusion

Hospital readmission is common and implementation of these simple prognostic indices may help identify and manage those at a high risk of poor outcome.
Fibroblasts from the growing margin of keloid scars produce higher levels of collagen I and III compared with intralesional and extralesional sites: clinical implications for lesional site-directed therapy
Authors: F. Syed, E. Ahmadi, S.A. Iqbal, S. Singh, D.A. McGrouther, A. Bayat
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Overproduction of collagen and its abnormal assembly are hallmarks of keloid scars. Type I/III collagen ratios are altered in keloids compared with normal skin. Fibroblasts from different sites in keloid tissue, perilesional compared with intralesional and extralesional sites, show differential apoptosis and contraction. Additionally, early vs. later cell culture passages display differential collagen expression. We therefore hypothesize that keloid fibroblasts from the growing margin of the keloid express higher levels of collagen type I and III, and that collagen production is altered by extended cell culture passage.(i) To measure collagen I and III at mRNA and protein levels quantitatively in keloid fibroblasts, growth media and tissue sections; and (ii) to perform tissue staining for collagen I and III expression in different lesional sites.Keloid fibroblast cultures from intralesional, perilesional and extralesional sites (n = 8 separate keloid cases, yielding 64 biopsy samples) were established from passage 0 to passage 3. Collagen I and III mRNA was quantified using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We also measured the protein levels quantitatively by developing a highly specific and sensitive capture sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A novel in-cell Western blotting was carried out in addition to haematoxylin and eosin and Herovici staining on keloid tissue sections for collagen I and III.Collagen types I and III were significantly higher (P < 0·03) in fibroblasts from the growing margin (perilesional site) compared with extralesional and intralesional keloid biopsy sites. As the passage number increased, the amount of collagen I significantly (P < 0·05) decreased and the collagen I/III ratio also decreased.Our data show that cells from the growing margin of keloid scars have a higher production of collagen I and III compared with other lesional sites. Additionally, temporal extension of cell passage affects collagen production. Clinically these findings may influence selection and interpretation of extended cell passage and provide future direction for lesional site-specific therapy in keloid scars.
Novel Therapies in Phase II and III Trials for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Marjorie G. Zauderer, Lee M. Krug
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

Mesothelioma is a rare malignancy of the pleura with limited therapeutic options. Despite the desperate need to develop better treatment for this disease, the rarity of the tumor type creates formidable challenges in clinical research. Nonetheless, several novel agents are under investigation. Most efforts are directed toward improving standard first-line therapy with pemetrexed and cisplatin, or developing effective second-line treatments. Several classes of drugs are being explored, including those that impact DNA transcription, cell-cycle progression, angiogenesis, and immune tolerance. This article describes several ongoing or recently completed phase II and III trials using novel agents vorinostat, everolimus, CBP501, MORAb-009, NGR-hTNF, WT1 vaccine, bevacizumab, cediranib, and thalidomide.
Does surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax stop progression of COPD or not
Authors: Alexey Pichurov, Alexey Petrunkin, Oleg Orzheshkovsky, Evgeny Sokolovich, Piotr Yablonski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Spontaneous pneumothorax in COPD patients is a life threatening situation. On the other hand, surgical treatment of these patients is characterized by high risk of postoperative complications. There is no consensus on the influence treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax on the lung function. Some studies confirm positive long-term effect of pleurectomy and wedge resection on the lung function.

Aim: To study the influence of different surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax on the lung function in COPD patients.

Patients and methods: The changes in lung function after treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax in 22 COPD patients were analyzed. There were no patients younger than 40 years old. They were divided in two groups. The first group – 11 patients underwent tube thoracostomy only. The second group – 11 patients were operated by thoracotomy and wedge resection of the lung and pleurectomy. In both groups more patients (64% and 55%) had severe and very severe COPD. In the second group the 91% of patients had plural bullous lesions. The lung function was examined before treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax and after 18 months.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences between indexes of lung function in both groups.

Conclusion: Surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax did not influence the lung function in COPD patients. There was no effect of lung volume reduction surgery in operated patients.