tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ventricular/vascular coupling and regional arterial dynamics in the chronically hypertensive baboon: correlation with cardiovascular structural adaptation.
Authors: R D Latham, B J Rubal, P Sipkema, N Westerhof, R Virmani, M Robinowitz, R A Walsh
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Ventricular/vascular coupling dynamics and regional hemodynamics of five hypertensive baboons with concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (mean arterial pressure +/- SD, 148 +/- 16 mm Hg; LV mass/body weight ratio 3.42 +/- 0.8) were compared with five normotensive controls (mean arterial pressure 89 +/- 3 mm Hg; LV mass/body wt ratio 2.73 +/- 0.5) at different mean arterial pressures. Ventricular/vascular dynamics were assessed by aortic input impedance, pulsatile/total power ratio, effective arterial elastance and compliance from a three-element Windkessel "lumped" model of the circulation. Regional arterial dynamics were assessed by pulse-wave velocities and local reflection coefficients. Systemic arterial compliance was similarly decreased with elevated pressure in both groups but was significantly more reduced for the hypertensive group compared with control animals at control (0.49 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.09 ml/mm Hg; p less than 0.05) and acutely lowered arterial pressure (0.62 +/- 0.26 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.24 ml/mm Hg, respectively). Changes in compliance were paralleled by differences in effective arterial elastance derived from cineventriculographic pressure-volume ratios. Regional foot-foot and apparent phase pulse-wave velocities were significantly increased for distal aortic segments of the hypertensive animals during elevated pressures compared with controls (cff, 17.5 +/- 7.5 vs. 8.7 +/- 3.0 m/sec; p less than 0.05). Histology of the aorta revealed significant increases in collagen content (microgram/mg dry wt) from proximal to distal aortic segments (27 +/- 2 vs. 38 +/- 6; p less than 0.005) in hypertensive animals but not in controls (27 +/- 2 vs. 32 +/- 6; NS). With pharmacological normalization of systemic arterial pressures, hypertensive baboons developed aortic wave speeds similar to controls but manifested significantly reduced compliance compared with controls. In contrast, with acute elevations of pressure, systemic arterial aortic compliances were similar for both groups, but distal pulse-wave velocities were significantly increased for hypertensive animals compared with controls. We conclude that measures of ventricular/vascular coupling and arterial dynamics are determined by both the level of arterial pressure and the physical characteristics of the cardiovascular system in chronic systemic hypertension and pressure overload ventricular hypertrophy.
Expression of mRNAs for Neurotrophins and Their Receptors in Developing Rat Heart
Authors: Jukka O. Hiltunen, Urmas Aruma¨e, Maxim Moshnyakov, Mart Saarma
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Because the neurotrophic system has not been systematically studied in developing heart, we studied the expression of mRNAs for neurotrophins and their high- and low-affinity receptors by radioactive in situ hybridization in the rat heart from embryonic day 9 (E9) to parturition. The neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) transcripts were seen in the group of Leu-7 immunoreactive cells in the ventricular region from E11 to parturition, suggesting that NT-3 is expressed in the part of the developing conduction system. mRNAs for truncated trk receptors, trkC.TK− and trkB.T1, were expressed in the outflow tract at E12 and in the walls of developing aorta and pulmonary trunk from E13 to parturition, whereas the mRNA for catalytic trkC.TK+ was revealed in the walls of aorta and pulmonary trunk from E13 to parturition and in the cardiac ganglion neurons from E14 to adult stage. Transcripts for low-affinity neurotrophin receptor (p75) were transiently seen in the distal outflow tract from E11 to E13, declining by E14. At E18, p75 transcripts were also seen in the cardiac ganglia. Transcripts for nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-4/5, trkA, or trkB.TK+ were not detected. Expression of NT-3 mRNA in the developing conduction system and of trkC.TK+ mRNA in the cardiac neurons suggests a role for NT-3 in the innervation of the conduction system. Expression of trkC.TK+ in the wall of aorta and pulmonary trunk suggests that NT-3 also may affect the development of the smooth muscle cells.
Air inguinal hernia
Authors: J N Payne
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The detection of novelty indicates changes in the environment and the need to update existing representations. In response to novelty, interactions across the VTA-hippocampal circuit support experience-dependent plasticity in the hippocampus. While theories have broadly suggested plasticity-related changes are also instantiated in the cortex, research has also shown evidence for functional heterogeneity in cortical networks. It therefore remains unclear how the hippocampal-VTA circuit engages cortical networks, and whether novelty targets specific cortical regions or diffuse, large-scale cortical networks. To adjudicate the role of the VTA and hippocampus in cortical network plasticity, we used fMRI to compare resting-state functional coupling before and following exposure to novel scene images in human subjects of both sexes. Functional coupling between right anterior hippocampus and VTA was enhanced following novelty exposure. However, we also found evidence for a double dissociation, with anterior hippocampus and VTA showing distinct patterns of post-novelty functional coupling enhancements, targeting task-relevant regions versus large-scale networks, respectively. Further, significant correlations between these networks and the novelty-related plasticity in the anterior hippocampal-VTA functional network suggest that the central hippocampal-VTA network may facilitate the interactions with the cortex. These findings support an extended model of novelty-induced plasticity, in which novelty elicits plasticity-related changes in both local and global cortical networks. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Novelty detection is critical for adaptive behavior, signaling the need to update existing representations. By engaging the bidirectional hippocampal-VTA circuit, novelty has been shown to induce plasticity-related changes in the hippocampus. However, it remains an open question how novelty targets such plasticity-related changes in cortical networks. We show that anterior hippocampus and VTA target cortical networks at different spatial scales, with respective enhancements in post-novelty functional coupling with a task-relevant cortical region and a large-scale memory network. The results presented here support an extended model of novelty-related plasticity, in which engaging the anterior hippocampal-VTA circuit through novelty exposure propagates cortical plasticity through hippocampal and VTA functional pathways at distinct scales, targeting specific or diffuse cortical networks.
Abstract 355: Genetic alterations in17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2and7correlates with mRNA-expression but not estrogen levels in breast cancer
Authors: Anne Hege Straume, Stian Knappskog, Per Eystein Lønning
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Estrogens are believed to play an important role in both development and sustained growth of breast cancer. Estradiol (E2), the most biologically active estrogen, is often elevated in breast cancer tissue, and high plasma levels of E2 are correlated to increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Previously, we have shown that uptake of estrogen due to binding to the estrogen receptor (ER), is a probable determinant of intratumoral E2. Furthermore, we reported that increased expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (HSD17B7) might explain the increased ratio of E2 to estrone (E1) in breast tumors compared to non-tumorous breast tissue. Here we explored whether genetic alterations in HSD17B-isoforms might predict estrogen disposition in breast cancer. Materials and methods: Tumor and normal breast tissue specimens were collected from 50 patients (37 postmenopausal and 13 premenopausal women) undergoing mastectomy. Samples were snap-frozen in the theatre. To evaluate potential mechanisms regulating intra-tumor and plasma estradiol levels, HSD17B2 and HSD17B7 were evaluated for mutation status, promoter hypermethylation and gene copy number. In addition, we quantified the transcription level of two HSD17B7 isoforms (HSD17B7_I and HSD17B7_II). Results: We identified a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the HSD17B7 promoter region (transcription start + 56: T&amp;gt;C) and found it correlated to increased enzyme expression level (p = 0.016). Also, we observed a novel SNP in the HSD17B2 promoter region (transcription start + 35: C&amp;gt;T) associated with a lower expression level (p = 0.019). Nineteen patients were found to harbour HSD17B7-duplications predicting elevated mRNA-expression levels (p = 0.056). While some tumors revealed promoter hypermethylation in both HSD17B2 and 7, hypermethylation status was not associated with low mRNA-levels. None of these genetic alterations correlated to plasma or tissue estrogen levels. Conclusion: Genetic alterations in HSD17B2 and 7 were found to influence the transcription level of these genes, but not estradiol levels in plasma or breast cancer tissue. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 355. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-355
The diabetes gene Pdx1 regulates the transcriptional network of pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells in mice
Authors: Jennifer M. Oliver-Krasinski, Margaret T. Kasner, Juxiang Yang, Michael F. Crutchlow, Anil K. Rustgi, Klaus H. Kaestner, Doris A. Stoffers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the pancreatic homeodomain transcription factor pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) are associated with maturity onset diabetes of the young, type 4 (MODY4) and type 2 diabetes. Pdx1 governs the early embryonic development of the pancreas and the later differentiation of the insulin-producing islet beta cells of the endocrine compartment. We derived a Pdx1 hypomorphic allele that reveals a role for Pdx1 in the specification of endocrine progenitors. Mice homozygous for this allele displayed a selective reduction in endocrine lineages associated with decreased numbers of endocrine progenitors and a marked reduction in levels of mRNA encoding the proendocrine transcription factor neurogenin 3 (Ngn3). During development, Pdx1 occupies an evolutionarily conserved enhancer region of Ngn3 and interacts with the transcription factor one cut homeobox 1 (Hnf6) to activate this enhancer. Furthermore, mRNA levels of all 4 members of the transcription factor network that regulates Ngn3 expression, SRY-box containing gene 9 (Sox9), Hnf6, Hnf1b, and forkhead box A2 (Foxa2), were decreased in homozygous mice. Pdx1 also occupied regulatory sequences in Foxa2 and Hnf1b. Thus, Pdx1 contributes to specification of endocrine progenitors both by regulating expression of Ngn3 directly and by participating in a cross-regulatory transcription factor network during early pancreas development. These results provide insights that may be applicable to beta cell replacement strategies involving the guided differentiation of ES cells or other progenitor cell types into the beta cell lineage, and they suggest a molecular mechanism whereby human PDX1 mutations cause diabetes.
Long-Term Follow-up of Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in First Remission Treated with Chemotherapy or Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Mei-Jie Zhang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine whether the conclusions of a 1991 study, which showed that adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission had similar leukemia-free survival rates when treated with chemotherapy or HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation, remain valid after more than 4 years of additional follow-up. Design: Retrospective comparison of two cohorts of patients using left-truncated Cox regression to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics and time to treatment. Setting and Patients: Chemotherapy recipients were 484 consecutive patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission treated in 44 hospitals in Germany that were participating in two consecutive trials of the German Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Therapy Trials Group. Transplant recipients were 234 consecutive recipients of HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplants for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission in 98 centers, worldwide, reporting data to the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. Interventions: Intensive combination chemotherapy or HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation preceded by high-dose chemotherapy with or without total body irradiation. Measurements: Relapse, treatment-related mortality, and leukemia-free survival rate 9 years after first complete remission. Results: The conclusions of our previous analyses were confirmed. Actuarial relapse probabilities at 9 years were 66% (95% CI, 61% to 70%) for chemotherapy and 30% (CI, 22% to 37%) for transplantation (P < 0.0001). The leukemia-free survival rates at 9 years were 32% (CI, 27% to 37%) for chemotherapy and 34% (CI, 28% to 40%) for transplantation (P < 0.02). Conclusions: Fewer relapses but more treatment-related deaths were seen with transplantation than with chemotherapy. Thus, leukemia-free survival rates were similar in adults receiving transplantation and adults receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission.
Erectile Dysfunction Predicts Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ronald Ching-Wan Ma, Wing-Yee So, Xilin Yang, Linda Wai-Ling Yu, Alice Pik-Shan Kong, Gary Tin-Choi Ko, Chun-Chung Chow, Clive Stewart Cockram, Juliana Chung-Ngor Chan, Peter Chun-Yip Tong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Making a case for introspection
Authors: Alexandra Zinck, Sanne Lodahl, Chris D. Frith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Defending first-person introspective access to own mental states, we argue against Carruthers' claim of mindreading being prior to meta-cognition and for a fundamental difference between how we understand our own and others' mental states. We conclude that a model based on one mechanism but involving two different kinds of access for self and other is sufficient and more consistent with the evidence.
Intestinal luminal pH in inflammatory bowel disease: possible determinants and implications for therapy with aminosalicylates and other drugs
Authors: S G NUGENT
Journal: Gut (2001)

Measurements of luminal pH in the normal gastrointestinal tract have shown a progressive increase in pH from the duodenum to the terminal ileum, a decrease in the caecum, and then a slow rise along the colon to the rectum. Some data in patients with ulcerative colitis suggest a substantial reduction below normal values in the right colon, while limited results in Crohn9s disease have been contradictory. Determinants of luminal pH in the colon include mucosal bicarbonate and lactate production, bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates and mucosal absorption of short chain fatty acids, and possibly intestinal transit. Alterations in these factors, as a result of mucosal disease and changes in diet, are likely to explain abnormal pH measurements in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is conceivable that reduced intracolonic pH in active ulcerative colitis impairs bioavailability of 5-aminosalicylic acid from pH dependent release formulations (Asacol, Salofalk) and those requiring cleavage by bacterial azo reductase (sulphasalazine, olsalazine, balsalazide), but further pharmacokinetic studies are needed to confirm this possibility. Reports that balsalazide and olsalazine may be more efficacious in active and quiescent ulcerative colitis, respectively, than Asacol suggest that low pH may be a more critical factor in patients taking directly pH dependent release than azo bonded preparations. Reduced intracolonic pH also needs to be considered in the development of pH dependent colonic release formulations of budesonide and azathioprine for use in ulcerative and Crohn9s colitis. This paper reviews methods for measuring gut pH, its changes in IBD, and how these may influence current and future therapies.
THE EXCRETION OF NITROGEN IN FEVER
Authors: N. C. Sharpe, K. M. B. Simon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

The rise of temperature following typhoid vaccination is accompanied by a marked increase in the output of total nitrogen, creatinin, and especially of uric acid. The reaction to tuberculin is slower, but is also accompanied by an increased output of nitrogenous substances, that is, however, less uniform and generally less pronounced. In a case of malaria there was a tendency for the rise of temperature to be accompanied by an increased output of total nitrogen and less uniformly of creatinin; on two days on which the fever was preceded by rigor the output of uric acid was increased.
A SKETCH OF MR. LAWSON TAIT AND HIS WORK.
Authors: FRED BYRON ROBINSON
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<i>(Concluded from page 103.)</i> Mr. Tait employs a lady superintendent in his hospital who supervises in general and relieves him from its care. His hospital is the outcome of many years of discipline. I am very much impressed with one idea in Mr. Tait, and that is, he avails himself of the value of<i>paid labor</i>. He has the capacity to make paid labor serviceable. Though he conducts this hospital with some twenty-five servants under his pay, yet the labor of these servants is made valuable, and he finds much time to do his own special work, contribute valuable articles to journals, make original addresses at great medical gatherings, and do extensive reading. Paid labor relieves him from preparation of patient or instruments. It takes away the anxious care of after-treatment. He keeps a secretary, who does his correspondence with a typewriter. When Mr. Tait wishes to write an
Clinical Methods of Reducing Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Henry A. Shenkin, William F. Bouzarth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

IN recent years the neurosurgeon has had the advantage of special technics to control intracranial pressure at the operating table, during the postoperative period and in the nonsurgical treatment of brain swelling,† especially as the result of craniocerebral trauma. It is not generally understood that these methods may also influence the cerebral circulation; in fact, some are effective only because of this influence. An understanding of the differing effects upon cerebral blood flow (CBF) by the technics available for lowering intracranial pressure will help the neurosurgeon select the appropriate one for the given clinical situation.The original hypothesis of Monro . . .
Historical and modern epidemiological studies on populations exposed to N-substituted aryl compounds.
Authors: R A Cartwright
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The historical exposures to aromatic amines of various occupational groups are briefly reviewed. Modern studies indicate that other occupational groups might have risks worth investigating; these include machinists and workers in the chemical industry. Details of a recent investigation into the exposure of dye workers are given which indicate a lowered risk in recent years since the introduction of safety measures. Nonoccupational exposures to the aromatic amines are also discussed. They include cigarette smoking and phenacetin abuse, the former being a potent causal agent in bladder cancer.
Size at birth, maternal nutritional status in pregnancy, and blood pressure at age 17: population based analysis
Authors: A. Laor, D. K Stevenson, J. Shemer, R. Gale, D. S Seidman
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To assess the effect of size at birth, maternal nutrition, and body mass index on blood pressure in late adolescence.Population based analysis of birth weight corrected for gestational age, mother's weight before pregnancy and weight gain in pregnancy, obtained from the Jerusalem perinatal study, and blood pressure and body mass index at age 17, available from military draft records.Jerusalem, Israel.10,883 subjects (6684 men and 4199 women) born in Jerusalem during 1974-6 and subsequently drafted to the army.Systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured at age 17 and their correlation with birth weight, size at birth, mother's body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy, and height and weight at age 17.Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly and positively correlated with body weight, height, body mass index at age 17, and with mother's body weight and body mass index before pregnancy, but not with birth weight or mother's weight gain in pregnancy.Variables reflecting poor intrauterine nutrition, including low maternal body mass index before pregnancy, poor maternal weight gain in pregnancy, and being born small for gestational age, were not associated with a higher blood pressure in late adolescence.
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: JEROME V. TREUSCH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

Case Reports1 March 1962Idiopathic HypoparathyroidismFollow-up Study Including Autopsy Findings of a Case Previously ReportedJEROME V. TREUSCH, M.D., F.A.C.P., SYLVAN COHEN, M.D.JEROME V. TREUSCH, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, SYLVAN COHEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-3-484 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIdiopathic hypoparathyroidism is sufficiently uncommon to be worth reporting, particularly if associated with unusual features. A patient who was described by Kopin and Rosenberg (1) and who fulfilled the criteria of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism was studied at autopsy; one gland was found containing apparently normal parathyroid tissue. These authors pointed out that of 108 previously reported cases satisfying the criteria of diagnosis of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, only seven had had autopsies performed. In most of these, absence of the parathyroid glands was reported, and in only one instance were scattered parenchymal cells noted to be associated with fatty replacement of the glands....References1. KOPINROSENBERG IJIN: Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism: report of a case with autopsy findings. Ann. Intern. Med. 53: 1238, 1960. LinkGoogle Scholar2. TREUSCH JV: Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism: report of an unusual case. Ann. Intern. Med. 46: 956, 1957. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Los Angeles, CaliforniaFrom the Department of Medicine and Division of Laboratories, Cedars of Lebanon Hospital, Los Angeles, California.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Jerome V. Treusch, M.D., 405 N. Bedford Drive, Beverly Hills, California. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHypoparathyroidism and PseudohypoparathyroidismKearns-Sayre Syndrome with hypoparathyroidismHypoparathyroidismSecondary malignant tumors of the parathyroid glandsRecent advances in parathyroid gland pathologyReferences 1 March 1962Volume 56, Issue 3Page: 484-487KeywordsAutopsyCellsHospital medicineHypoparathyroidismParathyroid Issue Published: 1 March 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...