tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High throughput sequencing reveals distinct microbial populations within the mucosal and luminal niches in healthy individuals
Authors: Yehuda Ringel, Nitsan Maharshak, Tamar Ringel-Kulka, Elizabeth Ashley Wolber, R Balfour Sartor, Ian M Carroll
Journal: Gut Microbes (2015)

Background: The intestinal microbiota is associated with human health and diseases. The luminal microbiota (LM) and the mucosal-associated microbiota (MAM) are 2 distinct ecosystems with different metabolic and immunological functions. Aim: To characterize the intestinal LM and MAM in humans using high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Methods: Fresh fecal samples and distal colonic mucosal biopsies collected from 24 healthy subjects before (fecal) and during (mucosa) a flexible sigmoidoscopy of an un-prepared bowel. High throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize bacterial communities. Sequences were processed using the QIIME pipeline. Results: LM and MAM populations were significantly different (ANOSIM: R = 0.49, P = 0.001). The LM displayed tighter clustering compared to the MAM (average weighted UniFrac distances 0.27 ± 0.05 vs. 0.43 ± 0.09, P < 0.001, respectively), and showed higher diversity (Shannon diversity index: 4.96 ± 0.37 vs 4.14 ± 0.56, respectively, P < 0.001). The dominant phyla in the LM and MAM were significantly different: Firmicutes (41.4% vs. 29.1%, FDR < 0.0001, respectively), Bacteroidetes (20.2% vs. 26.3%, FDR < 0.05, respectively), Actinobacteria (22% vs. 12.6%, FDR < 0.0001, respectively) and Proteobacteria (9.3% vs. 19.3%, FDR < 0.0001, respectively). The abundance of 56 genera differed significantly (FDR < 0.1) between the 2 niches. All of the genera in the fecal microbiota were present in the MAM while 10 genera were found to be unique to the MAM. Conclusion: The LM and MAM are distinct microbial ecosystems that differ significantly from each other in microbial diversity and composition. These two microbial niches should be investigated independently to better understand the role of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease.
Foreign body perforation of lymphoma
Authors: P B Goodfellow, C L Nockolds, A G Johnson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1998)

A woman aged 76 was referred to the on-call surgical team via her general practitioner with a seven-week history of intermittent colicky central abdominal pain that radiated to the back. Over the ten days before admission the pain had increased and was associated with nausea, vomiting and dysphagia to solid food. She was opening her bowels and passing flatus. Systemic enquiry revealed no other symptoms. 7 years earlier she had undergone a lumpectomy and radiotherapy for breast cancer, and one year earlier low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma had been diagnosed by bone marrow biopsy (with subsequent development of Waldenstr6m's IgM macroglobulinaemia). She was also known to have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. On initial examination she was apyrexial and haemodynamically stable. There was generalized abdominal tenderness but no peritonism. No masses were palpable and bowel sounds were normal. Chest X-ray showed a small left pleural effusion; the abdominal film was normal. All blood tests were within the normal range. She was clinically stable for three days, then developed symptoms of small bowel obstruction. Ultrasound scan revealed multiple loops of dilated small bowel throughout the abdomen, and a small segment of thickened bowvel. Since she did not settle with conservative management she underwent a laparotomy, at which two tight strictures of the small bowel were found, with mesenteric lymphadenopathy. A piece of thin plastic about 3 cm long and 1 cm wide had perforated the small bowel, proximal to the distal stricture. The two strictures wvere resected in continuity and the bowel was anastomosed. Her postoperative recovery was uneventful. On histological examination samples from both strictures showed highgrade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (diffuse large B cell). It was present in the mesenteric lymph nodes, but the intestinal margins were not involved. No breast epithelial cells were seen.
Subcutaneous erythropoietin for treatment of refractory anemia in hematologic disorders. Results of a phase I/II clinical trial [see comments]
Authors: M Cazzola, L Ponchio, Y Beguin, V Rosti, G Bergamaschi, NL Liberato, V Fregoni, G Nalli, G Barosi, E Ascari
Journal: Blood (1992)
Two-dimensional left ventricular deformation during systole using magnetic resonance imaging with spatial modulation of magnetization.
Authors: A A Young, H Imai, C N Chang, L Axel
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Myocardial tissue tagging with the use of magnetic resonance imaging allows noninvasive regional analysis of heart wall motion and deformation. However, any evaluation of the effect of disease or treatment requires a baseline reference of normal values and variation. We studied the two-dimensional motion of material points imaged within the left ventricular wall using spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM) in 12 normal human volunteers. METHODS AND RESULTS Five parallel short-axis and five parallel long-axis slices were acquired at five times during systole. SPAMM tags were generated at end diastole using a 7-mm grid. Intersection point data were analyzed for displacement, rotation, and torsion, and triangles of points were analyzed for local rotation and principal strains. Short-axis displacement was the least in the septum for all longitudinal levels (P &lt; .001). Torsion about the long axis was uniform circumferentially because of the motion of the centroids used to reference the rotation. In the long-axis images, the base displaced longitudinally toward the apex, with the posterior wall moving farther than the anterior wall (13.4 +/- 2.2 versus 9.7 +/- 1.8 mm, P &lt; .001) in this direction. The largest principal strain (maximum lengthening) was approximately radially oriented in both views. In the short-axis images, the minimum principal strain (maximum shortening) increased in magnitude toward the apex (P &lt; .001) with little circumferential variation, except at midventricle, where the anterior wall showed greater contraction than the posterior wall (-0.21 +/- 0.03 versus -0.19 +/- 0.02, P &lt; .02). CONCLUSIONS Consistent regional variations in deformation are seen in the normal human heart. Displacement and maximum shortening strains are well characterized with two-dimensional magnetic resonance tagging; however, higher-resolution images will be required to study transmural variations.
Outbreak of West Nile virus infection in humans, Romania, July to October 2010
Authors: A Sîrbu, C S Ceianu, R I Panculescu-Gatej, A Vázquez, A Tenorio, R Rebreanu, M Niedrig, G Nicolescu, A Pistol
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

A total of 57 cases of West Nile virus infection (54 with neuroinvasive infection and three with fever) were identified in Romania between July and October 2010.The median age of the cases was 53.4 years, with the highest incidence in the age group 60–69 years.The case fatality rate was 8.8%. Cases were distributed in 19 districts in the southern, western, central and eastern parts of the country. Molecular investigation revealed lineage 2 West Nile virus, related to the Volgograd 2007 strain.
Administration Of E-Selectin Antagonist GMI-1271 Improves Survival After High-Dose Chemotherapy By Alleviating Mucositis and Accelerating Neutrophil Recovery
Authors: Ingrid G Winkler, Valerie Barbier, Heather L Nutt, Sumaira Z Hasnain, Jean-Pierre Levesque, John L. Magnani, Michael A McGuckin
Journal: Blood (2013)
A perfect storm: How tumor biology, genomics, and health care delivery patterns collide to create a racial survival disparity in breast cancer and proposed interventions for change
Authors: Bobby Daly, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2015)

It is well known that there is a significant racial divide in breast cancer incidence and mortality rates. African American women are less likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than white women but are more likely to die from it. This review explores the factors that may contribute to the racial survival disparity. Consideration is paid to what is known about the role of differences in tumor biology, genomics, cancer screening, and quality of cancer care. It is argued that it is the collision of 2 forces, tumor biology and genomics, with patterns of care that leads to the breast cancer mortality gap. The delays, misuse, and underuse of treatment for African American patients are of increased significance when these patients are presenting with more aggressive forms of breast cancer. In the current climate of health care reform ushered in by the Affordable Care Act, this article also evaluates interventions to close the disparity gap. Prior interventions have been too narrowly focused on the patient rather than addressing the system and improving care across the continuum of breast cancer evaluation and treatment. Lastly, areas of future investigation and policy initiatives aimed at reducing the racial survival disparity in breast cancer are discussed. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65: 221–238. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Abstract 3938: Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Permeability Pore Opening and Cardiac Hypertrophy With Fibrosis in Aldosteronism: Response to Supplemental Zinc
Authors: German Kamalov, Wenyuan Zhao, Robert A Ahokas, Atta U Shahbaz, Syamal K Bhattacharya, Yao Sun, Ivan C Gerling, Karl T Weber
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background. Aldosterone/salt treatment (ALDOST) leads to intracellular Ca2+ overloading and the induction of oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and mitochondria with an opening of the mitochondrial...
STUDIES IN BOVINE MASTITIS
Authors: F. S. Jones
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

Hemolytic streptococci produce more or less severe inflammations of the udders of cows. Frequently infected quarters are swollen, firm, hot, and tender. In a number of instances it has not been possible to detect gross changes in the mammary gland. The streptococci isolated from the invaded quarters have produced clear zones of hemolysis immediately surrounding the colonies when cultivated in horse blood agar plate cultures. The hemolytic zone has varied from a clear, narrow band up to zones 1.7 to 2 mm. wide. When the streptococci are classified according to their action upon carbohydrates, they fall into two broad groups: the larger consists of nineteen strains fermenting dextrose, lactose, saccharose, maltose, and salicin; and a smaller number comprising ten species produces acid in dextrose, lactose, saccharose, and maltose and fails to ferment salicin. One of the non-salicin-fermenting strains did not attack saccharose. In no instance was acid production noted in raffinose, inulin, or mannite. All streptococci except three were agglutinated by an antiserum obtained from a rabbit immunized with a single strain. Freshly isolated cultures when injected intravenously into rabbits possess but slight pathogenicity. Localizations in the joints occurred in two instances. The others either failed to affect the general condition of the animals or produced only a slight febrile reaction.
Beta-Aminoaciduria in Patients with Burkitt's Lymphomal 2
Authors: T. Phillip Waalkes, Charles W. Gehrke, Duane B. Lakings, Robert W. Zumwalt, Kenneth C. Kuo, Samuel A. Jacobs, Ernest Borek
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Beta-Aminoaciduria in Patients with Burkitt's Lymphomal Get access T. Phillip Waalkes, T. Phillip Waalkes Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles W. Gehrke, Charles W. Gehrke Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Duane B. Lakings, Duane B. Lakings Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert W. Zumwalt, Robert W. Zumwalt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kenneth C. Kuo, Kenneth C. Kuo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel A. Jacobs, Samuel A. Jacobs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ernest Borek Ernest Borek Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 2, August 1976, Pages 435–438, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.2.435 Published: 01 August 1976 Article history Received: 04 December 1975 Accepted: 06 February 1976 Published: 01 August 1976
The small GTPase Rab7 as a central regulator of hepatocellular lipophagy
Authors: Barbara Schroeder, Ryan J. Schulze, Shaun G. Weller, Arthur C. Sletten, Carol A. Casey, Mark A. McNiven
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Autophagy is a central mechanism by which hepatocytes catabolize lipid droplets (LDs). Currently, the regulatory mechanisms that control this important process are poorly defined. The small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Rab7 has been implicated in the late endocytic pathway and is known to associate with LDs, although its role in LD breakdown has not been tested. In this study, we demonstrate that Rab7 is indispensable for LD breakdown ("lipophagy") in hepatocytes subjected to nutrient deprivation. Importantly, Rab7 is dramatically activated in cells placed under nutrient stress; this activation is required for the trafficking of both multivesicular bodies and lysosomes to the LD surface during lipophagy, resulting in the formation of a lipophagic "synapse." Depletion of Rab7 leads to gross morphological changes of multivesicular bodies, lysosomes, and autophagosomes, consequently leading to attenuation of hepatocellular lipophagy.These findings provide additional support for the role of autophagy in hepatocellular LD catabolism while implicating the small GTPase Rab7 as a key regulatory component of this essential process.
Abstract 16559: Management and Outcomes of Patients with Moderate or Severe Functional Mitral Regurgitation and Severe Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Zainab Samad, Hussein R Al-Khalidi, Linda K Shaw, Niels Risum, Andrew Wang, Eric J Velazquez
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background:  Guidelines support valve surgery in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) and left ventricular (LV) enlargement and/or dysfunction but the current management and outcomes in patients with severe LV dysfunction is not well defined. Objective: To determine the characteristics, management strategies and outcomes of patients with moderate or severe MR with LV ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 30% and/or LV end systolic dimension (ESD) > 55 mm at a referral center.   Methods:  The Duke Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Diseases Databases were searched between 1995-2010 to identify patients with moderate/severe MR. Baseline characteristics and all cause mortality were compared between patients with and without severe LV dysfunction defined as LVEF ≤ 30% and/or LVESD > 55 mm. Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to examine the independent effect of treatment strategy on outcomes.   Results:  Amongst 3657 patients with moderate/severe MR defined by echocardiography who underwent a concomitant invasive assessment, 1701 (46.5%) had either LVEF ≤ 30% and/or LVESD > 55 mm. While most factors were evenly distributed, there were more functional MR (97% vs 67%), heart failure history (83% vs 61%) and cigarette smoking in patients with severe LV dysfunction. Among patients with severe LV dysfunction, mitral valve surgery was performed in 12.5% at an average of 6.5 months from the initial echocardiogram; in contrast those without severe LV dysfunction received mitral valve surgery more commonly (38.6%). Compared to patients without severe LV dysfunction, the severe LV dysfunction group had a higher mortality at 1, 5 and 10 years (p   Conclusions:  A large proportion of patients with moderate or severe functional MR have LVEF ≤ 30% and or LVESD > 55 mm at presentation. Mortality is substantial and mitral valve surgery may not be associated with a significant survival advantage as compared to medical therapy in this group of patients.
Prevalence of depression and distress in a large sample of Canadian residents, interns, and fellows
Authors: K Hsu, V Marshall
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Using data from 1,805 interns, residents, and fellows in Ontario, Canada, the authors report the prevalence of symptoms measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). They found that the proportion of subjects scoring as depressed was somewhat higher than that found in community studies. Women had higher depression scores than men. The proportion of unmarried house staff with moderate or severe depression scores was higher than that of married house staff. Considerable differences were found by specialty, and depression was most prevalent in the first year of postgraduate training. These findings have implications for those who direct postgraduate medical training or who seek to alleviate unnecessary stress in the postgraduate education experience.
Is severe arterial hypoxaemia due to hepatic disease an indication for liver transplantation? A new therapeutic approach
Authors: R Rodriguez-Roisin, MJ Krowka
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Severe arterial hypoxaemia or deteriorating pulmonary oxygenation due to HPS appears to be reversible within months of orthotopic liver transplantation. Due to the apparently poor prognosis in these patients, such abnormal oxygenation may, indeed, be considered an indication for liver transplantation in selected clinical situations. The pretransplant distinction between HPS and pulmonary hypertension as a reason for arterial hypoxaemia is essential, however, in that different outcomes appear to exist. Further prospective studies of patients with pulmonary vascular complications of liver disease are desperately needed.
Abstract 1839: Non Invasive Assessment of the Coronary Microcirculation in the Setting of Tako-Tsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Patrick Meimoun, Dorothee Malaquin, Tahar Benali, Smain Sayah, Luc Doutrelan, Anne Luycx-Bore, Christophe Tribouiloy
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: The clinical features of the tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy or transient left apical ballooning syndrome (LABS) are well described but the mechanisms remain unknown. Myocardial stunning is s...
Abstract 10410: One-Year Mortality of Patients Hospitalized with Unexplained Syncope: Current Risk Stratification Criteria Overestimate Risk
Authors: Naga V Garikipati, Dan L Musat, Tina Sichrovsky, Mark Preminger, Aysha Arshad, Walter Pierce, Mohan Nutheti, Mehul Adhaduk, Jonathan Steinberg, Suneet Mittal
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Syncope is a common cause for hospital admission. Since patients (pts) with a cardiac etiology for syncope have high mortality, recent practice guidelines emphasize the need for risk st...
Commentary: Education about the hymen is needed
Authors: S. Paterson-Brown
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Two cases of benign neurogenic amyotrophy associated with Klinefelter9s syndrome are reported. Both presented with slowly progressive, diffuse neurogenic muscle atrophy of juvenile onset. Both had a karyotype of XXY. Amplification, by the polymerase chain reaction, of a fragment of androgen receptor that was related to bulbospinal muscular atrophy, showed no abnormality. Treatment with androgen in one case provided no benefit. Benign neurogenic amyotrophy in the Klinefelter9s syndrome is likely to be an independent type of motor neuron disease and suggests that the X chromosome plays an important part in the biology of motor neurons.
Posttraumatic stress disorder: the etiologic specificity of wartime stressors
Authors: Naomi Breslau, Glenn C. Davis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

The authors examined the effects of wartime stressors in a sample of 69 Vietnam veterans who were psychiatric inpatients in a Veterans Administration hospital. Participation in atrocities and the cumulative exposure to combat stressors, each independently of the other, conferred a significant risk for posttraumatic stress disorder. In contrast, the effect of these war experiences on the onset of panic, major depression, and mania was not significant. The results indicate that extreme stressors are uniquely linked with posttraumatic stress disorder's characteristic cluster of symptoms but challenge DSM-III's implicit assumption that the reexperienced trauma is the stressor responsible for posttraumatic stress disorder.
How do peanut and nut-allergic consumers use information on the packaging to avoid allergens?
Authors: J. Barnett, J. Leftwich, K. Muncer, K. Grimshaw, R. Shepherd, M. M. Raats, M. H. Gowland, J. S. Lucas
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: Barnett J, Leftwich J, Muncer K, Grimshaw K, Shepherd R, Raats MM, Gowland MH, Lucas JS. How do peanut and nut-allergic consumers use information on the packaging to avoid allergens? Allergy 2011; 66: 969–978. Background: Recent legislation has sought to improve the information printed on packaged foods relevant to the safety of food allergic consumers. We aimed to understand the complex risk assessment decisions made by peanut and nut-allergic adults when purchasing food, with particular reference to use of printed package information. Methods: The behaviour and 'thinking aloud' of 32 participants were recorded during their normal food shop, followed by a semi-structured interview. During the interview they were given 13 potentially problematic packaged foods, and asked if they would purchase the product and what their reasons were. Transcribed data from the shop, interview and 13-product task were analysed to explore use of allergy advice boxes, ingredients lists and other packaging information. Results: Some participants used the ingredients list as their primary check for allergens, but most used the allergy advice box. Package-based information was generally considered reliable, but some supermarket and brand labels were trusted more than others. Images and product names were used to draw inferences about the presence of nuts. A number of improvements were suggested by participants, particularly a request for more 'nut free' labelling. Conclusions: Food labels were used in conjunction with nonpacket-based strategies (e.g. previous experience) to make choices. External factors (e.g. trust of manufacturer) informed interpretation of and confidence in labels. Images and product names, not intended by manufacturers as an allergen risk assessment aid, were also used to inform choices.
R2 and R2* are equally effective in evaluating chronic response to iron chelation
Authors: John C. Wood, Pinggao Zhang, Hugh Rienhoff, Walid Abi‐Saab, Ellis Neufeld
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

MRI relaxometry (R2, R2*) has generally replaced liver biopsy for estimation of liver iron stores in response to iron chelation, but there have been no longitudinal studies comparing R2 and R2* techniques. We use R2 and R2* liver iron concentration (LIC) estimates, transfusional iron burdens, and drug compliance data to calculate iron chelation efficiency (ICE) in patients undergoing a Phase II trial of SPD602. Fifty-one patients underwent a baseline examination, 39 patients completed 1 year, and 26 patients completed 2 years. Baseline LICR2 and LICR2* estimates were unbiased, but had limits of agreement exceeding 50%, suggesting that these techniques cannot be interchanged with one another in the same patient. However, ICE estimates across the two techniques compared more favorably, with r(2) values reaching 0.89 at 2 years. 95 confidence intervals for efficiency estimates were 0.0 ± 4.1%. These data indicate that clinical trial and clinical effectiveness data calculated using LICR2 and LICR2* estimates can be compared to one another, even though LIC estimates may be disparate on cross-sectional analysis. While the choice of MRI assessment technique for clinical trials and for clinical management depends on many logistical considerations, one can have confidence comparing conclusions on clinical effectiveness.