tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The American Medical Association Registry on Adverse Reactions
Authors: NORMAN DE NOSAQUO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

Special Articles1 June 1966The American Medical Association Registry on Adverse ReactionsNORMAN DE NOSAQUO, M.D., F.A.C.P.NORMAN DE NOSAQUO, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-6-1325 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA majority of the drugs that are essential to the practice of medicine today have become available as a result of the tremendous advances in chemical and pharmaceutical research during the past 25 years. Many of these modern therapeutic agents are extremely potent, and physicians need an adequate understanding of their physiologic, pharmacologic, and toxicologic actions. Also, doctors need to be alert to the appearance of unusual reactions that new drugs may cause, either alone or in combination, or as a result of interaction with concomitantly administered agents or dietary constituents.The Council on Drugs of the American Medical Association... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, IllinoisFrom the AMA Registry on Adverse Reactions, Chicago, Ill.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Norman De Nosaquo, M.D., Director, Registry on Adverse Reactions, Council on Drugs, American Medical Association, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. 60610. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMaking Risks Visible: The Science, Politics, and Regulation of Adverse Drug Reactions 1 June 1966Volume 64, Issue 6Page: 1325-1327KeywordsAdverse reactionsDrug interactionsDrug research and developmentDrugs Issue Published: 1 June 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
ANDROGEN RELEASE AND SYNTHESIS IN VITRO BY HUMAN ADULT ADRENAL GLANDS*
Authors: George L. Cohn, Patrick J. Mulrow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

Clinical and pathological findings of patients with normal and hyperadrenal function Laboratory Symptoms and signs 17-17-Keto-Keto-Present Present 2.8 3.0* The clinical features of these patients were summarized in a previous communication (11).t Genetic studies indicated the patients were female.No clinical stigmata of Cushing's syndrome were evident.
Insight Into Illness in Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Mood Disorders With Psychotic Features
Authors: Stefano Pini, Giovanni B. Cassano, Liliana Dell’Osso, Xavier F. Amador
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Deficits in insight have been found in one study to be more common and severe in patients with schizophrenia than in patients with schizoaffective and major depression with and without psychosis but not more severe than they are in patients with bipolar disorder. The goals of this study were to replicate this finding independently and to clarify whether patients with schizophrenia differ from patients with bipolar disorder in a larger study group. METHOD: Using the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder, the authors evaluated 29 inpatients with schizophrenia, 24 with schizoaffective disorder, and 183 with mood disorders with psychotic features (153 with bipolar disorder and 30 with unipolar depression). RESULTS: Patients with schizophrenia had poorer insight than patients with schizoaffective disorder and patients with psychotic unipolar depression but did not differ from patients with bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of significant differences between patients with schizophrenia and patients with bipolar disorder was not a result of low statistical power. This replication and more detailed examination of diagnostic group differences in insight have clinical, theoretical, and nosological implications.
Cardioprotective Actions by a Water-Soluble Carbon Monoxide–Releasing Molecule
Authors: James E. Clark, Patrick Naughton, Sandra Shurey, Colin J. Green, Tony R. Johnson, Brian E. Mann, Roberta Foresti, Roberto Motterlini
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Carbon monoxide, which is generated in mammals during the degradation of heme by the enzyme heme oxygenase, is an important signaling mediator. Transition metal carbonyls have been recently shown to function as carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) and to elicit distinct pharmacological activities in biological systems. In the present study, we report that a water-soluble form of CO-RM promotes cardioprotection in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, we found that tricarbonylchloro(glycinato)ruthenium(II) (CORM-3) is stable in water at acidic pH but in physiological buffers rapidly liberates CO in solution. Cardiac cells pretreated with CORM-3 (10 to 50 micromol/L) become more resistant to the damage caused by hypoxia-reoxygenation and oxidative stress. In addition, isolated hearts reperfused in the presence of CORM-3 (10 micromol/L) after an ischemic event displayed a significant recovery in myocardial performance and a marked and significant reduction in cardiac muscle damage and infarct size. The cardioprotective effects mediated by CORM-3 in cardiac cells and isolated hearts were totally abolished by 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels. Predictably, cardioprotection is lost when CORM-3 is replaced by an inactive form (iCORM-3) that is incapable of liberating CO. Using a model of cardiac allograft rejection in mice, we also found that treatment of recipients with CORM-3 but not iCORM-3 considerably prolonged the survival rate of transplanted hearts. These data corroborate the notion that transition metal carbonyls could be used as carriers to deliver CO and highlight the bioactivity and potential therapeutic features of CO-RMs in the mitigation of cardiac dysfunction. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.
Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training in the skeletal muscle of patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Stephan Gielen, Volker Adams, Sven Möbius-Winkler, Axel Linke, Sandra Erbs, Jiangtao Yu, Werner Kempf, Andreas Schubert, Gerhard Schuler, Rainer Hambrecht
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
ABC series may be anachronistic in era of evidence based medicine
Authors: C B Del Mar, P. P Glasziou
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Are the ABC series now an anachronism? As the medical profession moves into the era of evidence based medicine, what is the place of articles that do not distinguish evidence (or the lack of it) from personal prejudice (in its original sense of “prejudged”)?

In their article on prostate cancer in the ABC of Urology, Chris Dawson and Hugh …
Haemodynamic and metabolic effects of the antiarrhythmic drug melperone during acute left ventricular failure in dogs
Authors: O. A SMISETH, E. S PLATOU, H. REFSUM, O. D MJOS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Haemodynamic and metabolic effects of the new antiarrhythmic drug melperone were studied during acute ischaemic left ventricular failure in closed-chest anaesthetised dogs. Embolisation of the left main coronary artery with 50 μm plastic microspheres induced severe depression of left ventricular performance as evidenced by a marked increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a marked reduction in the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (LVdP/dtmax). cardiac output, and stroke volume. Six dogs received intravenous melperone 1.0 and 2.5 mg·kg−1 (cumulative dose) 90 and 115 min after the embolisation, respectively. Six other dogs received no treatment and served as controls. Melperone effected a marked reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, a slight but transient increase in LVdP/dtmax, a moderate reduction in heart rate, a moderate reduction in mean aortic blood pressure and total peripheral resistance and a moderate increase in stroke volume. Melperone moderately decreased myocardial O2-consumption, while myocardial lactate uptake remained unchanged. In conclusion, in contrast to commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs which may all induce cardiodepression, melperone improved left ventricular function in dogs with acute ischaemic left ventricular failure.
Lansley must publish register of risks posed by NHS changes, rules tribunal
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The UK government must make public the transition risk register drawn up by officials outlining the dangers posed by changes to the NHS in England in its health bill, the Information Rights Tribunal has ruled.

The tribunal has dismissed the Department of Health’s appeal against a decision by the information commissioner that it must release the register after a Freedom of Information Act request by the Labour MP and former shadow health secretary John Healey.

But the tribunal allowed part of the health department’s appeal, ruling that it can keep secret its strategic risk register—the assessment of the risks from modernisation of the NHS, not just those from the Health and Social Care Bill, which will bring in the changes. The information …
USE OF INHALATIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO PREVENT POSTOPERATIVE PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Donald S. King
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In reply to Dr. Yandell Henderson's comment on my paper on the use of carbon dioxide as a preventive of postoperative pulmonary complications, I should like to restate my position as follows. I have no desire to minimize the importance of adequate postoperative bronchial drainage. I believe that the concept of bronchial obstruction and atelectasis answers many, though by no means all, of the questions arising in connection with postoperative pulmonary complications. I conclude from my series that bronchial drainage by either postural change or carbon dioxide inhalation prevents a certain proportion of complications, and that one method is no more effective than the other, but that since postural change is easier and less expensive it is the method of choice. It is still being used at the Massachusetts General Hospital. So far as the use of carbon dioxide is concerned, I disagree with Dr. Henderson as
Systemic compliance: does it play a role in the genesis of essential hypertension?
Authors: O S RANDALL, G C VAN DEN BOS, N WESTERHOF, F O M POT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Arterial compliance is part of the load faced by the heart. Decreased compliance increases this load. We have studied the cardiovascular consequences of decreased systemic compliance in six closed chest anaesthetised dogs where ascending aortic flow transducers and left ventricular crystals had previously been implanted. A stiff tube was put into the abdominal aorta from the left flank and moved to the ascending aorta. Inflation of a cuff on the proximal end of the tube forced the heart to eject into a non-compliant outflow conduit. The distal end of the tube was connected to the distal aorta and, via a pump, to a carotid artery where mean pressure was kept above 80 mmHg. We measured systemic pressures (catheter-tip manometer), cardiac output (electromagnetic flowmeter) and either left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (fluid filled catheter, Statham P23Db) or left ventricular diameter (ultrasound transit time method). From these variables we calculated systemic compliance and input impedance. A 35% decrease in compliance caused a 12% increase in systolic, and a 12% decrease in diastolic pressure while mean pressure and cardiac output did not change significantly. With a decrease in compliance of 63% systolic pressure increased by 18%, while diastolic pressure decreased by 24%. Mean pressure did not change significantly but cardiac output fell by 21%. In both groups of altered compliance peripheral resistance rose slightly but this was not significant. Decreased compliance mainly caused changes in the low frequency range of the input impedance: moduli increased and phase angles became more negative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
GMC considers action against doctors after BMJ "cash for referrals" investigation
Authors: J. Gornall
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The UK General Medical Council is considering taking action against doctors in private practice who have referred patients to hospitals in exchange for cash or other incentives.

The news comes after the disclosure in The BMJ last week that private hospital chains have been “buying” referrals to their facilities by offering consultants inducements ranging from free office space and administrative support to commission based cash payments and share schemes.1

“The GMC takes very seriously the issue of conflicts of interests,” Niall Dickson, chief executive of the regulator, said in a statement published in response to The BMJ ’s findings.

The GMC’s guidance to doctors Good Medical Practice prohibits doctors from accepting “any inducement, gift or hospitality that may affect or be seen to affect the way you prescribe for, treat or refer patients or commission services for patients.” Doctors who breached the guidance, said Dickson, faced sanctions, including suspension or the loss of the right …
Novel oral formulation safely improving intestinal absorption of poorly absorbable drugs: Utilization of polyamines and bile acids
Authors: Masateru Miyake, Takanori Minami, Masao Hirota, Hajime Toguchi, Masaaki Odomi, Ken-ichi Ogawara, Kazutaka Higaki, Toshikiro Kimura
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
The Aflatoxin-Hepatoma-HBAg Story
Authors: G. H. Ree
Journal: BMJ (1975)

associated with schistosomiasis,58 and protozoal infection'9 can pre-empt the immune response to viruses; so it is relevant to ask again whether, in a tropical context, the HB antigen is "the driver or the passenger."There remains the challenging anomaly of Ethiopia, whose uplands, free from widespread schistosomiasis or malaria though not from mould-contaminated staples and herbal medicine traditions,)2' have an impressive incidence of cirrhosis and hepatoma without a prevalence of HB antigenaemia significantly higher than that of the ambient population.2'You are, I would agree, entirely correct in asserting that "the evidence is persuasive enough to add a medical reason to the already pressing socioeconomic indications for improving harvesting techniques and storage conditions for foodstuffs in underdeveloped countries" and, on the next page, that "foreign aid . . .has not always been granted on a basis of real need."Villagelevel improvement of crop storage is a need best met, as in Ethiopia, by what is now called "appropriate technology" rather than large-scale "agribusiness."A multimycotoxin screening procedure is now available,22 but some resistance to local studies on the part of groundnut-exporting countries will have to be overcome before the extent of the problem can be fully known.-Iam, etc.,
Robin Levy: Confronting Our Bodies
Authors: Gavin Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2004)

An exhibition at the Contemporary Arts Center, New Orleans, United States, until 19 December 2004 http://www.cacno.org/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> T he American artist Robin Levy is fascinated by the way that our bodies are changed by pregnancy, disease, and ageing, and by the way in which our bodies become "objects" when we undergo medical procedures. Many of the sculptures, installations, and photographs in her new show are snapshots of our bodily changes—as if Levy is trying to create a permanent record of something that is never quite static. One of the techniques that she uses is to juxtapose or superimpose images of her own body with those … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Statin Use and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Cohort of Middle-Aged Men in the US
Authors: E. Dawn Flick, Laurel A. Habel, K. Arnold Chan, Reina Haque, Virginia P. Quinn, Stephen K. Van Den Eeden, Barbara Sternfeld, Endel J. Orav, John D. Seeger, Charles P. Quesenberry, Bette J. Caan
Journal: Drugs (2009)
S4 Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vitamin D Are Influenced More by Genetic Background Than Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: G Hawthorne, H Mujakperuo, S Lax, L McGowan, H Kunst, D Thickett, A Turner
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Although vitamin D has antimicrobial effects that may be beneficial in mycobacterial infection, supplementation trials have been disappointing [1]. Response to vitamin D is heterogeneous, perhaps due to genetic variants in the vitamin D axis (vitamin D binding protein; <i>GC</i> or vitamin D receptor; <i>VDR</i>). We aimed to assess stability and magnitude of anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D in vitro in mycobacterial infection and health, and the influence of <i>GC</i> and <i>VDR</i> variants. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral blood monocytes from healthy controls (n=20) and patients with mycobacterial infection (n=8) were cultured and incubated with LPS (100 ng/ml), 25(OH)D3(50 nmol) and 1,25(OH)2D3(50 nmol). IL6 in cell supernatants was measured by ELISA. Taqman was used to type 4 SNPs: rs7041 &amp; rs4588 (<i>GC</i>), rs2228570 &amp; rs1544410 (<i>VDR</i>). The effect of the protein product of GC in culture was assessed by addition of plasma and subsequent Luminex array. <h3>Results</h3> Change in IL6 between pairs of repeated cultures did not vary (p=0.21), indicating stability of response to LPS. There was no difference between HCs and patients in response to vitamin D (both p&gt;0.32), however in both groups there were responders (n=7 controls, n=5 TB), in whom IL6 fell with addition of vitamin D (1,25D, p=0.001; 25D, p=0.02) and non-responders (n=11 controls, n=3 TB) in whom it did not. Response to 1,25D was influenced by rs7041 (T allele; p=0.04), and tended to associate with <i>GC2</i> (p=0.06). Response to 25D was not affected by genotype until plasma was added when <i>GC</i> haplotype appeared to have an effect. There was no influence of <i>VDR</i> SNPs. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D are influenced by <i>GC</i> genotype in vitro, consistent with previous mouse work [2], however it is unclear whether this occurs in humans in vivo. Such effects are equally relevant in health and mycobacterial infection. Further work to characterise changes in LPS responsiveness following high dose vitamin D replacement is ongoing. Martineau AR, et al. Lancet. (2011) 377:242–50. Zella LA, et al. Endocrinology. (2008) 149:3656–67.
Evaluation of sexual health interventions
Authors: P. Garcia, S. Ziebland
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Thus most cancers detected were aggressive, and only a small number of men with prostate specific antigen concentrations >4 0 ng/ml would have a diagnosis of a non-aggressive cancer preceded by a long disease free interval.This was also true for the subset of men who were aged under 70 when the diagnosis was made.Compared with men with antigen concentrations of < 1 0 ng/ml, those with concentrations of 2-0-3-0 ng/ml had a relative risk of all prostate cancer of 5-5 and a relative risk of aggressive cancer of 6-8.It is important to note that this was a once only test, and the potential benefit of repeat screening or the addition of other screening modalities was not available.For men older than 70 watchful waiting may be appropriate management.This new study shows, however, that in this population of American doctors the mean age at diagnosis of prostate cancer was 68-7 years, most of the cancers detected were aggressive, and three quarters of deaths in the cases were directly related to the diagnosis.Thus in younger men screening for prostate specific antigens may be justified, particularly for those in higher risk groups, such as those with a family history ofprostate cancer.45
The secret is at the crossways: Hodotopic organization and nonlinear dynamics of brain neural networks
Authors: Tobias A. Mattei
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract By integrating the classic psychological principles of ancient art of memory (AAOM) with the most recent paradigms in cognitive neuroscience (i.e., the concepts of hodotopic organization and nonlinear dynamics of brain neural networks), Llewellyn provides an up-to-date model of the complex psychological relationships between memory, imagination, and dreams in accordance with current state-of-the-art principles in neuroscience.
952 CHANGES IN PROINFLAMMATORY FACTORS AFTER TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD)
Authors: E. Molina-Perez, M.A. Martinez-Olmos, J. Fernandez-Castroagudin, S. Seijo-Rios, E. Fernandez-Rodriguez, A. Alvarez-Castro, R. Villar-Taibo, A. Prieto-Tenreiro, J. Iglesias-Canle
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
How should we talk about acute leukaemia to adult patients and their families?
Authors: H Gould, P J Toghill
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Problems of communication with patients with acute leukaemia and their families were explored by interviewing the next of kin of 26 patients, six of whom were still alive. In all but two cases the diagnosis had been disclosed to the relatives before the patient, but almost one-third of the relatives were not entirely satisfied with the way in which the diagnosis was presented. Medical prognostications at these initial interviews were, on the whole, regarded as being realistic by the relatives. Nine patients learnt of their diagnosis at an early stage, but relatives were undecided whether patients should be told of the diagnosis in explicit terms. Patients often established complete dependence on the hospital and its staff and had difficulties in relating to their own general practitioners while at home during their illness. Social chats were preferred by the relatives rather than regular progress reports from the doctors.
Association of Hearing Loss With Hospitalization and Burden of Disease in Older Adults
Authors: Dane J. Genther, Kevin D. Frick, David Chen, Joshua Betz, Frank R. Lin
Journal: JAMA (2013)

To the Editor: Hearing loss (HL) is a chronic condition that affects nearly 2 of every 3 adults aged 70 years or older in the United States.1 Hearing loss has broader implications for older adults, being independently associated with poorer cognitive2 and physical functioning.3
Effect of 12 months of intense exercise training on stroke volume in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: J M Hagberg, A A Ehsani, J O Holloszy
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether 12 months of intense endurance exercise training can induce an increase in left ventricular stroke volume and in stroke work during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. Eleven male patients were studied. With training, mean maximal oxygen uptake capacity (Vo2max) increased 39%, from 1.85 +/- 0.36 to 2.57 +/- 0.43 l/min. Stroke volume during upright exercise that required 35-65% of Vo2max was 18% higher after training. At the same percentage of Vo2max, mean blood pressure was the same before and after training; as a result, left ventricular stroke work (mean blood pressure X stroke volume) increased 18% (p less than 0.01). These findings suggest that in patients with coronary artery disease, prolonged, intense training induces an increase in stroke volume, and this is a result of cardiac rather than peripheral adaptations.
Unintended pregnancies and contraceptive use.
Authors: J Guillebaud
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Children sick enough to be admitted to hospital are often still recovering from infection when discharged and may not be fit for immunisation.Indeed, children may be discharged less than 30 hours after fever subsides, which would preclude immunisation by the criteria of Dr Riley and colleagues.As already occurs in Oxford, and as suggested by Dr Reeve and colleagues, suitably trained health visitors could catch up missed immunisations.The single most important finding in our study was that once parents have decided against a particular vaccine, often following in- appropriate advice, it is difficult to persuade them otherwise.Attention to the clear and concise recommendations in the "green book" should ensure that health professionals give appropriate advice from the outset.