tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Meanings of Death
Authors: Russell Hollander
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This book, a companion volume to Feifel's<i>The Meaning of Death</i>, brings together a selection of recent readings that cover a variety of issues related to death. Among the subjects covered are death and the developmental cycle, clinical management, problems faced by survivors, and cultural responses to death. Most of the selections were written by mental health personnel and medical clinicians. However, the book is at its best when it moves away from a clinical perspective and approaches death and dying as human issues, not limited to professional concern. The personal accounts of living with terminal illness and life with loved ones facing death are both poignant and informative. In the former category, the contribution by Orville E. Kelly, "Make Today Count," holds particular interest. In the latter category, the description by Lois and Arthur Jaffe of the struggle by a husband and wife to preserve their personal integrity and
Lack of Diagnostic Value of Creatine Phosphokinase Assay in Spinal Fluid
Authors: Robert P. Lisak
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) have yielded conflicting results.<sup>1,2</sup>Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), an enzyme found in high concentrations only in skeletal and cardiac muscle, thyroid,<sup>3</sup>and brain tissue, has been the subject of one previous study in CSF.<sup>4</sup>For this reason, a study of CPK activity in various disease states was undertaken. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were divided into six groups: (1) primary intracranial tumors, (2) metastatic intracranial tumors, (3) cerebrovascular disease, (4) spinal cord compression, (5) miscellaneous neurological disorders, and (6) nine normal patients undergoingspinal anesthesia (Table 1). Samples of CSF were kept frozen until the time of assay. CPK activity was determined by a modification of the method of Hughes, as previously described from this laboratory.<sup>5</sup>The mean normal value of this enzyme is 0.19 unit in spinal fluid. GOT determinations wereperformed according to
Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine and annual rate of decline in FEV1 in male smokers and ex-smokers.
Authors: R G Taylor, H Joyce, E Gross, F Holland, N B Pride
Journal: Thorax (1985)

We examined the relations between bronchial reactivity, baseline FEV1, and annual decline of height corrected FEV1 (delta FEV1/ht3) over 7.5 years in 227 men (117 smokers, 71 ex-smokers, and 39 non-smokers). Men with a clinical diagnosis of asthma or receiving bronchodilator treatment were excluded. Bronchial reactivity was determined as the provocation concentration (PC20) of inhaled histamine sufficient to reduce FEV1 by 20%; subjects were divided into reactors (PC20 less than or equal to 16 mg/ml) and non-reactors (PC20 greater than 16 mg/ml). Thirty per cent of smokers, 24% of ex-smokers, and 5% of non-smokers were reactors. When smokers who were reactors were compared with non-reactors, the reactors showed a lower baseline FEV1 as percentage predicted in 1981-2 (85% v 108%), and a faster delta FEV1/ht3 (14.1 v 9.2 ml/y/m3). Baseline FEV1 correlated with PC20 in both smokers (rs = 0.51) and ex-smokers (rs = 0.61), and all 15 subjects with an FEV1 under 80% of the predicted value were reactors. In ex-smokers delta FEV1/ht3 was similar in reactors and non-reactors (m 9.0 v 7.4 ml/y/m3), despite significant differences in baseline FEV1. When analysis was confined to men with a baseline FEV1 over 80% predicted, the prevalence of reactors was significantly increased among smokers and slightly increased among ex-smokers compared with non-smokers, though the mean FEV1 was higher in the non-smokers. Bronchial reactivity was not increased in smokers aged 35 years or less. In smokers delta FEV1/ht3 was faster in those with a personal history of allergy (usually allergic rhinitis), but was not related to a family history of allergic disease, total serum immunoglobulin E level, absolute blood eosinophil count, or skinprick test score. delta FEV1/ht3 was also faster in all subjects taking beta blocker drugs. Thus increased bronchial reactivity was associated with accelerated decline of FEV1 in smokers. Although the association could be a consequence of a lower lower baseline FEV1, a trend towards increased reactivity was found in smokers with normal baseline FEV1 and delta FEV1/ht3 was dissociated from increased reactivity in ex-smokers. These findings are compatible with the "Dutch hypothesis," but the association between allergic features and accelerated delta FEV1/ht3 was relatively weak, and increased reactivity may follow rather than precede the onset of smoking.
Treatment of Men With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Overactive Bladder—Reply
Authors: Steven A. Kaplan, Claus G. Roehrborn, Eric S. Rovner, Tamara Bavendam, Zhonghong Guan
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
“Language impairment gene” does not necessarily equate to “language gene”
Authors: Lance Workman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

The finding of the same language deficit in half the members of the KE family is taken as suggesting that a specific allele (FOXP2) is normally involved in the development of language. Recent studies, however, question the exclusivity of FOXP2, and it is argued that the finding of a gene that disrupts language should not be taken as strong evidence for the existence of genes that underlie it.
FDA: Poor Marks for Its Self-Investigation
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Commissioner's Report October 1975 is a 906-page volume, based on an investigation that is stated to have cost $196,000, in which the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration, Alexander M. Schmidt, concludes that his agency is innocent of charges of pro-industry bias and maltreatment of employees (N Engl J Med 293:1157–1158, 1975). Now comes Assessment of the Commissioner's Report of October 1975, a 525-page volume, product of a study priced at $140,000, in which six members of a seven-member expert panel say that the Commissioner is in error. The seventh, chairman of the panel, says that the Commissioner . . .
Blood in Gastric Juice and Guaiac Slide Tests
Authors: MICHAEL J. WEAVER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1982Blood in Gastric Juice and Guaiac Slide TestsMICHAEL J. WEAVER, M.D.MICHAEL J. WEAVER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-2-253_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their report, on guaiac slide tests Layne and his associates (1) describe the solution of 4000 µL of blood per decilitre of gastric juice, a concentration that did not produce a positive slide test result, as having a hematocrit of 4%. This hematocrit is incorrect because whole blood with a hemoglobin of 15 to 16 g/dL was used rather than packed erythrocytes in preparing the solutions for testing. If the hematocrit of the whole blood had been 40,the hematocrit of the 4000 µL/dL solution would have been 1.6%.This minor correction does not detract from the...Reference1. LAYNEMELLOWLIPMAN EMT. Insensitivity of guaiac slide tests for detection of blood in gastric juice. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:774-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma, WA 98431 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1982Volume 96, Issue 2Page: 253-253KeywordsAttentionBloodHematocritHematologic testsHemoglobin Issue Published: 1 February 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Venous admixture in human septic shock: comparative effects of blood volume expansion, dopamine infusion and isoproterenol infusion on mismatching of ventilation and pulmonary blood flow in peritonitis.
Authors: F Jardin, M C Eveleigh, F Gurdjian, F Delille, A Margairaz
Journal: Circulation (1979)

A hemodynamic study with blood gas analysis was performed so we could observe changes induced by blood volume expansion, dopamine infusion and isoproterenol infusion in 20 adult patients suffering from peritonitis complicated with septic shock and acute respiratory failure. Blood volume expansion increased cardiac index (from 2.6 +/- 1.21/min/m2 to 3.4 +/- 1.31/min/m2; p less than 0.001), but also enhanced venous admixture (QS/QT) from 27 +/- 14% to 36 +/- 13%; p less than 0.01). Dopamine infusion increased cardiac index (from 2.6 +/- 0.9 1/min/m2 to 3.4 +/- 1 l/min/m2; p less than 0.001), but also enhanced venous admixture (from 25 +/- 11% to 31 +/- 12%, p less than 0.001). Isoproterenol infusion increased cardiac index (from 2.6 +/- 0.9 l/min/m2 to 3.6 +/- 1.1 l/min/m2; p less than 0.001), but also enhanced venous admixture (from 27 +/- 12% to 33 +/- 11%; p less than 0.001). This worsening in mismatching of ventilation and blood flow is correlated with the enhancement in pulmonary blood flow obtained by these three therapeutic procedures.
Herbs and heat in Chinese armamentarium
Authors: Catherine Macek
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In contrast with the centuries-old practice of traditional Chinese medicine, Western medicine was introduced to China less than 200 years ago. And the first Western medical school, St John's University in Shanghai, was established in 1880. Nearly 40 years later, the first formal school of traditional Chinese medicine was established, also in Shanghai. Before then, traditional medicine was taught through apprenticeships. A physician accepted only one student, who spent years learning from his mentor and the classic medical literature. Both types of medical schools still exist in China, although the 123 Western medical schools far outnumber the 24 traditional schools, and some traditional physicians still have apprentices. But distinctions between the two systems of medicine are not as sharp as at the turn of the century. For example, students in traditional schools are required to learn anatomy and physiology, while students trained in Western medicine become familiar with herbal medicines
Improving Diabetes Care for American Indians
Authors: Kelly Acton, Sarah Valway, Steven Helgerson, James B Huy, Kermit Smith, Victoria Chapman, Dorothy Gohdes
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

In 1986, a diabetes control program was implemented in the Billings area of the IHS. Baseline health-care practices in the program were described using a structured audit. The program included adoption of the IHS Minimum Standards of Care for diabetes, technical assistance, and professional and patient education. A second audit was performed in 1988. Care practices improved significantly for all facilities in 7 of 10 parameters measured. Facilities that implemented key program activities showed more overall improvement in screening practices, education, and immunization than those that did not organize diabetes care. Factors associated with improved care practices include establishment of a coordinated, multidisciplinary diabetes team with regular meetings, acceptance of standards of care by the medical staff, use of flow sheets by multiple providers, and diabetes-related professional and patient education sessions.
Effect of the suture on the durability of bovine pericardium used in cardiac bioprostheses
Authors: J.M.García Paez, A.Carrera San Martín, E. Jorge-Herrero, I. Millán, R. Navidad, I. Candela, J.V.Garcia Sestafe, J.L. Castillo-Olivares
Journal: Biomaterials (1994)
A reassessment of the nomenclature of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) metabolites.
Authors: Johan Maervoet, Adrian Covaci, Paul Schepens, Courtney D Sandau, Robert J Letcher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a widespread class of persistent organic chemicals that accumulate in the environment and humans and are associated with a broad spectrum of health effects. PCB biotransformation has been shown to lead to two classes of PCB metabolites that are present as contaminant residues in the tissues of selected biota: hydroxylated (HO) and methyl sulfone (MeSO2) PCBs. Although these two types of metabolites are related structures, different rules for abbreviation of both classes have emerged. It is important that a standardized nomenclature for the notation of PCB metabolites be universally agreed upon. We suggest that the full chemical name of the PCB metabolite and a shorthand notation should be adopted using the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry's chemical name/original Ballschmiter and Zell number of the parent congener, followed by the assignment of the phenyl ring position number of the MeSO2- or HO-substituent. This nomenclature provides a clear, unequivocal set of rules in naming and abbreviating the PCB metabolite structure. Furthermore, this unified PCB metabolite nomenclature approach can be extended to the naming and abbreviation of potential metabolites of structurally analogous contaminants such as HO-polybrominated biphenyls and HO-polybrominated diphenyl ethers.
Unusual Foreign Bodies in Bowel
Authors: Maurice H. Fainsinger
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>History</h3> A 19-year-old man was brought into the emergency department in a stuporous state. Shortly after arrival, he had a grand mal seizure and vomited several times. He was admitted for observation. Examination showed a lethargic, sweating young man with slight abdominal tenderness and guarding. There were no other abnormal physical findings. Laboratory tests showed a moderate polymorphonuclear leukocytosis. There were decreased amplitude of T waves in all electrocardiographic leads and prominent U waves. A chest roentgenogram was normal. Blood gases indicated respiratory alkalosis. Ventilatory assistance was required during his ten-day hospital stay, during which time evidence of a respiratory infection developed, which cleared promptly on treatment. An abdominal roentgenogram (Figure) was taken on admission. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Cocaine bags in the colon. <h3>Comment</h3> Multiple oval soft-tissue densities, each highlighted by a gas halo, are visible along the course of the colon and elsewhere in the abdomen in the Figure. These are
The Near-Death Experience-Reply
Authors: Richard S. Blacher
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Sabom takes me to task for describing the episodes as "fantasy." By using this word, I locate the phenomenon within the patient's psyche. Dreams and hallucinations may also be vivid, "visual" representations experienced as occurring outside oneself, yet we have no difficulty in recognizing them as mental productions. The alternative to the intrapsychic location would be one of something (the soul?) leaving the person in reality and hovering over the table. I do not think one has to apologize for scientific belief if one does not accept the ideas of spirits wandering around the emergency room. Rather than seeking an adequate medical explanation, one can fairly wonder about an adequate psychological explanation. Here Dr Sabom might wonder about the similarity of many of the episodes, even cross-culturally, and might relate this to what have been described as typical dreams. Since blood gases obviously cannot be monitored in
Reduced expression of glutathione S-transferase Yb2 during progression of chemically induced hepatocellular carcinomas in fischer 344 rats
Authors: Margaret J. Stalker, Trudy E. Kocal, Bette Anne Quinn, Sonya G. Gordon, Anthony M. Hayes
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

ABSTRACT We followed the expression of several glutathione S–transferase subunits in altered foci, liver neoplasms and metastases produced in male Fischer 344 rats by a modified Solt–Farber protocol, to determine whether components of the resistant phenotype are lost during neoplastic progression. At 6 mo after initiation, altered foci and persistent nodules displayed increased immunohistochemical expression of glutathione S–transferase subunits Yf (π–class), Ya (α–class) and Yb1 (μ–class) in comparison with normal or surrounding liver tissue. However, although most altered foci exhibited little change in glutathione S–transferase Yb2 (μ–class) subunit expression, 5% of Yf–positive foci and nodules were partially or completely deficient in Yb2 expression. At 12 and 18 mo after initiation, most grossly visible hepatocellular tumors retained induced expression of glutathione S–transferase subunits Yf, Ya and Yb1, but 63% of the carcinomas, 88% of the primary metastatic carcinomas and 94% of the pulmonary metastases were deficient in Yb2 expression. These differences in glutathione S–transferase subunit expression were confirmed by quantitative analysis by reverse–phase HPLC of S–hexylglutathione affinity–purified glutathione S–transferases from advanced tumors. Cytosolic glutathione S–transferase activity for trans –4–phenyl–3–buten–2–one in advanced tumors ranged from 42% to 66% of the activity in matched surrounding liver, whereas glutathione S–transferase activities for 1–chloro–2,4–dinitrobenzene were increased by 140% to 161%. These studies demonstrate that progression of hepatocellular carcinomas in the resistant hepatocyte model of carcinogenesis in which several glutathione S–transferase subunits are induced is associated with the loss of a major constitutive μ–class hepatic glutathione S–transferase. Although the mechanism and role of the reduction or loss of glutathione S–transferase Yb2 during malignant progression are unknown, we propose that loss of glutathione S–transferase Yb2 in some preneoplastic populations of hepatocytes might be conducive to further DNA damage by presently unknown environmental or endogenous compounds that are normally detoxified preferentially by glutathione S–transferase isoenzymes containing this subunit. (Hepatology 1994;20:149–158.)
Who will pay and who will say no?
Authors: D. Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Noting that while hedge funds are well established in the United States and Europe, they have only begun to grow aggressively in Asia, the authors introduce a practical approach to analyzing the risk and performance of Asian hedge funds from the viewpoints of U.S. and Asia-Pacific based equity investors. They focus on the impact of including Asian hedge funds in these portfolios and examine whether the inclusion helps to insulate the overall portfolio when in down markets, capturing the upside and reducing the impact of market volatility during extreme events. They note that their approach alleviates the problems that can arise if hedge fund returns are skewed, leptokurtic, and non-linearly related to the market returns. They conclude that while all funds provided diversification in the sense that they were not perfectly correlated with market index returns, only 32 or 46% of the funds were negatively correlated with the S&amp;P 500 index returns in a down market (defined as the lowest return quartile of the S&amp;P 500). Their results also showed that very few of the funds provided downside protection, upside capture, and low volatility on the down-side. They also found that their results are sensitive to the choice of benchmark and conclude that this makes the methodology suitable for performance and risk measurement relative to existing investments. <b>TOPICS:</b>Real assets/alternative investments/private equity, emerging, statistical methods, performance measurement
The Physical Sign in Pediatrics
Authors: I. Newton Kugelmass
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Even though pediatrics remains largely an art, it is becoming increasingly a science. The physical sign is objective and verifiable evidence of pathologic change. It has indisputable value as a unit of solid evidence in laying the foundation for accurate diagnosis, regardless of the confusing data derived from the history or the inconsistencies of statements voiced by the parents. The optimal physical sign is a direct function of its diagnostic delimitation in a given field, revealed to an alert observer who is prepared by other features of the history or examination to search for it. Dr. Myers' paper, "The 'Nasal Crease,' a Physical Sign of Allergic Rhinitis," published inThe Journal, Oct. 29, 1960, page 1204, contains a special example of a general sign of constitutional allergy described by me in the<i>Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology</i>(<b>36</b>:342 [Aug.] 1937). This early sign of later allergy