tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vivo cardiovascular reactivity and baroreflex activity in diabetic rats
Authors: T Van Buren, C M Kasbergen, W H Gispen, D J De Wildt
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Abnormalities of the cardiovascular system, e.g. impaired vasoreactivity and changes in baroreflex control of heart rate, are known to occur in experimental diabetes. It is not clear whether these cardiovascular dysfunctions are direct consequences of cardiovascular deficits and/or have autonomic neuropathy as a cause.To differentiate between cardiovascular deficits or neuronal impairment as a cause for these cardiovascular dysfunctions, we tested the effects of the ACTH4-9 analogue, Org 2766, a neurotrophic compound without cardiovascular effects, on arterial pressure, heart rate and baroreflex control of heart rate. At 15 weeks, rats were made diabetic by injection of streptozotocin, and from 0-6, 6-12 or 12-18 weeks thereafter 3 groups of rats were treated with Org 2766. These effects were evaluated during phenylephrine-induced increases, and sodium nitroprusside-induced decreases, in blood pressure, in rats that had been diabetic for various periods (2-42 weeks).Throughout, both depressor response and maximal vasodilator activity in response to sodium nitroprusside were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced as compared to those of the non-diabetic controls. The pressor response of the diabetic rats to phenylephrine was only significantly (P < 0.05) reduced at 4, 6 and 12 weeks, and at 18 weeks, the diabetic rats were either hypo- or normoresponsive; Org 2766 did not restore the disturbed pressor response. From weeks 4 to 42 both maximal decrease in heart rate and sensitivity of baroreflex-mediated bradycardia in the diabetic rats were significantly less (P < 0.05) than those in the non-diabetic controls. Org 2766 restored the diminished baroreflex-mediated bradycardia of diabetic rats to non-diabetic control levels at 6 weeks, had an ameliorating effect at 12 weeks and no effect at 18 weeks.Time-dependent decreases in baroreflex sensitivity in diabetic rats was demonstrated and a much less steep decline of baroreflex sensitivity occurred in non-diabetic control rats. The ACTH4-9 analogue, Org 2766, when given immediately upon the induction of diabetes seem to delay the development of autonomic neuropathy, which suggests that cardiovascular factors appear to be of minor importance.
Comparing Subcutaneous Danaparoid with Intravenous Unfractionated Heparin for the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Harold W. de Valk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of two subcutaneous doses of danaparoid with that of continuous intravenous administration of unfractionated heparin in the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Design: An open-label, randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Setting: One university hospital and two university-affiliated hospitals. Patients: 209 patients suspected to have venous thromboembolism. Of these, 188 had a confirmed diagnosis (by ventilation-perfusion lung scan and ultrasonography or contrast venography of the leg) and received study medication. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to either low-dose danaparoid (intravenous loading dose of 1250 U followed by 1250 U administered subcutaneously twice daily [n = 65]); high-dose danaparoid (intravenous loading dose of 2000 U followed by 2000 U administered subcutaneously twice daily [n = 63]); or unfractionated heparin (intravenous loading dose of 2500 U followed by dose-adjusted continuous infusion [n = 60]). Treatment lasted at least 5 days and was continued until anticoagulation (achieved with acenocoumarol) was adequate. Measurements: Efficacy determined clinically and by repeated imaging tests on treatment days 5 to 8; safety determined by daily assessment for bleeding. Results: Two lung scans were done in each of 179 patients; ultrasonography or venography of the leg was done twice in each of 173 patients; and both repeated leg and lung tests were done in 166 patients. A significant reduction in recurrence or extension of venous thromboembolism was seen in patients receiving high-dose danaparoid (8 of 63 [13%]) compared with patients receiving intravenous unfractionated heparin (17 of 60 [28%]; relative risk, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.21 to 0.96]). Four of 61 patients receiving high-dose danaparoid (7%) and 14 of 58 patients receiving unfractionated heparin (24%) had recurrence of pulmonary embolism (relative risk, 0.27 [CI, 0.09 to 0.78]); 3 of 58 patients receiving high-dose danaparoid (5%) and 6 of 54 patients receiving unfractionated heparin (11%) had recurrence of deep venous thrombosis (relative risk, 0.47 [CI, 0.12 to 1.77]). Occurrence of major and minor bleeding was similar in the three groups; major bleeding occurred in 1 patient receiving low-dose danaparoid, 1 patient receiving high-dose danaparoid, and 2 patients receiving heparin. Conclusions: Our results suggest that high-dose danaparoid is safer and more effective than unfractionated heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism.
Abstract 18907: Relationships Between Renal Haemodynamics With Cardiac and Aortic Haemodynamics in the Early Stages of Essential Hypertension
Authors: Konstantinos Kintis, Costas Tsioufis, Anastasia Mazaraki, Evaggelia Koutra, Lefki Nikolopoulou, Alexandros Kasiakogias, Ioannis Andrikou, Costas Thomopoulos, Thomas Makris, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The relationship of renal haemodynamics with cardiac and aortic hameodynamics is still unclear. Hypothesis: We evaluated the relationship of increased renal resistive index (RRI) with Augmentation index (AIx) and cardiac haemodynamics by means of mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E/Ea) in untreated patients with essential hypertension. Methods: 76 newly diagnosed untreated non diabetic patients with stage I-II essential hypertension [35 males, aged 50 years, office blood pressure (BP) = 143/ 91 mm Hg], underwent ABPM, complete echocardiographic study for determination of E/Ea and blood sampling for assessment of metabolic profile. Moreover, data on renal resistive index (RRI), obtained by Doppler ultrasound sampling of the intrarenal arteries, as well as augmentation index (AIx), were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Based on the mean value of RRI (0.60), hypertensives were classified into those with high and low RRI. Hypertensives with high RRI values compared to those with low values were older (55.6±9.8 vs 44.4±11.6 years, p &lt; 0.001), had lower 24-hour diastolic BP (77.5±7.7 vs 84.3±6.7 mmHg, p &lt; 0.001), lower 24-hour HR (71.2±10.3 vs 76.2±9.2 bpm, p &lt; 0.05), higher levels of AIx (27.2±8.2 vs 17.8±14.8 %, p &lt; 0.01), and higher values of E/Ea (lateral) (7.7±1.8 vs 6.2±2.3, p &lt; 0.05). In the total population, RRI was negatively related to 24-hour diastolic BP (r = -0.523, p &lt; 0.001) and 24-hour HR (r = -0.281, p &lt; 0.05), while it was positively associated with CRP (r = 0.335, p &lt; 0.05), TChol (r = 0.296, p &lt; 0.01), age (r = 0.443, r &lt; 0.001), AIx (r = 0.413, p = 0.001) and E/Ea(lateral) (r = 0.465, p &lt; 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 24-hour diastolic BP and E/Ea (lateral) were independent associated with RRI (R2 = 0.434, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Increased vascular resistance of intrarenal arteries is associated with impaired aortic and cardiac haemodynamics, as reflected by increased AIx and E/Ea (lateral) values. RRI may be considered a useful surrogate of haemodynamics in essential hypertension.
Is psychological essentialism an inherent feature of human cognition?
Authors: Christopher Y. Olivola, Edouard Machery
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Recent evidence shows that psychological essentialism is neither a universal nor stable feature of human cognition. The extent to which people report essentialist intuitions varies enormously across cultures and education levels, and is also influenced by subtle, normatively irrelevant contextual manipulations. These results challenge the notion that the human mind is “fitted” with a built-in inherence heuristic that produces essentialist intuitions.
Genome Analysis of Latin American Cervical Cancer: Frequent Activation of the PIK3CA Pathway
Authors: Hong Lou, Guillermo Villagran, Joseph F. Boland, Kate M. Im, Sarita Polo, Weiyin Zhou, Ushie Odey, Eligia Juárez-Torres, Ingrid Medina-Martínez, Edgar Roman-Basaure, Jason Mitchell, David Roberson, Julie Sawitzke, Lisa Garland, Maria Rodríguez-Herrera, David Wells, Jennifer Troyer, Francisco Castillo Pinto, Sara Bass, Xijun Zhang, Miriam Castillo, Bert Gold, Hesler Morales, Meredith Yeager, Jaime Berumen, Enrique Alvirez, Eduardo Gharzouzi, Michael Dean
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer mortality for women living in poverty, causing more than 28,000 deaths annually in Latin America and 266,000 worldwide. To better understand the molecular basis of the disease, we ascertained blood and tumor samples from Guatemala and Venezuela and performed genomic characterization. Experimental Design: We performed human papillomavirus (HPV) typing and identified somatically mutated genes using exome and ultra-deep targeted sequencing with confirmation in samples from Mexico. Copy number changes were also assessed in the exome sequence. Results: Cervical cancer cases in Guatemala and Venezuela have an average age of diagnosis of 50 years and 5.6 children. Analysis of 675 tumors revealed activation of PIK3CA and other PI3K/AKT pathway genes in 31% of squamous carcinomas and 24% of adeno- and adenosquamous tumors, predominantly at two sites (E542K, E545K) in the helical domain of the PIK3CA gene. This distribution of PIK3CA mutations is distinct from most other cancer types and does not result in the in vitro phosphorylation of AKT. Somatic mutations were more frequent in squamous carcinomas diagnosed after the age of 50 years. Frequent gain of chromosome 3q was found, and low PIK3CA mutation fractions in many tumors suggest that PI3K mutation can be a late event in tumor progression. Conclusions: PI3K pathway mutation is important to cervical carcinogenesis in Latin America. Therapeutic agents that directly target PI3K could play a role in the therapy of this common malignancy. Clin Cancer Res; 21(23); 5360–70. ©2015 AACR.
Abstract 15269: Racial and Income Disparities and Trends in the Use of Bioprosthetic Valves for Aortic Valve Replacements
Authors: Peter H Lee, Ahmet Kilic, Bryan Whitson, Juan Crestanello, Robert Higgins
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  The use of bioprosthetic valves (BAVR) for aortic valve replacements (AVR) has been on the rise and being placed in increasingly younger patients. We sought to determine usage trends of BAVR versus mechanical (MAVR) prosthesis for AVRs, and to examine whether race and income level correlate with valve selection.   Hypothesis:  The use of bioprosthetic over mechanical aortic valves has been increasing and there is a correlation between the type of valve used and both income and race.   Methods:  The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2000 to 2010 was queried to identify all patients who had an isolated BAVR or MAVR. The trend in the rates of BAVR selection was determined according to sex, age, race, and income level.   Results:  From the 86.6 million patient discharges, 70,012 isolated aortic valves were implanted. 51.8% were BAVR and 59.8% were implanted into males. The proportion of patients receiving BAVR increased annually from 32.7% in 2000 to 63.6% in 2009. By 2010, 69.8% of 60-89 year-olds and 42.1% of 30-59 year-olds received BAVRs. Starting in 2005, more than half of all isolated aortic valves implanted were bioprosthetic. There was also a significant positive correlation between higher incomes and the likelihood of getting a BAVR, ranging from 55.9% for the lowest quartile to 68.3% for the highest quartile (p   Conclusions:  The rate of BAVRs has been increasing and correlates positively with age and income level. BAVRs were also more common in whites compared to blacks and Hispanics. Further studies are needed to understand the influence of socioeconomic status and race on the type of valve chosen for AVR.
I Held Him in My Arms and Wept
Authors: M K Elmore-Meegan
Journal: JAMA (2000)

A year before his death, 17-year-old Atria weighs 7 stone. He has left his village. He is afraid and he is ashamed. He is embarrassed to be here. He is sweating, he fights. His hands tremble. His pulse is rapid. He tries to smile.
Robert Langer, ScD—Engineering Medicine
Authors: Robert Langer
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 15086: Transendocardial CD34+ Cell Transplantation Improves Left Ventricular Segmental Wall Motion in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gregor Poglajen, Gregor Zemljic, Matjaz Sever, Mojca Bervar, Marko Cukjati, Francois Haddad, Joseph C Wu, Bojan Vrtovec
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: We investigated the effects of transendocardial transplantation of CD34+ stem cells on left ventricular segmental wall motion in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Methods: We performed transendocardial CD34+ cell transplantation in 31 ICM patients with NYHA class III heart failure and LVEF &lt;40%. Peripheral blood CD34+ cells were mobilized by G-CSF, collected via apheresis, and injected transendocardially in the areas of hibernating myocardium as defined by electromechanical mapping (unipolar voltage ≥9 mV and linear shortening &lt;6%). Left ventricular segmental wall motion analysis was evaluated with TomTec software using a 17-segment model of the left ventricle. Of 31 patients enrolled, 85% were male, their age was 57±6 years; their creatinine, bilirubin and NT-proBNP levels were 89±22 μmol/L, 17±9 μmol/L, and 3,322±3,411 pg/mL respectively. The average Syntax score was 27.9±10.5 and the average number of injected CD34+ cells was 90.6±7.5 million. Patients were followed for 6 months and good clinical response was defined as an increase of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥5%. Results: During follow-up, we found a significant improvement in LVEF (from 27.1±6,6% to 34.7±10.9%; P=0.001), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (from 5.3±0.7 cm to 4.9±0.9 cm; P=0.04), and left ventricular end-systolic volume (from 152±45 mL to 135±44 mL; P=0.03). Left ventricular segmental wall motion analysis showed significantly improved myocardial longitudinal strain in injected segmentes as opposed to noninjected segments (2.4±8.3 vs. -0.9±6.1; P=0.05). We also established a correlation between improvement in myocardial strain and clinical response to cell therapy: responders demonstrated a significant improvement in longitudinal strain in injected segments, but non-responders did not (6.29±8.1 vs. -3.4±5.1; P=0.007). No difference was seen between responders and nonresponders with regards to myocardial strain of noninjected segments (2.4±8.4 vs. -0.97±6.1; P=0.59). Conclusions: Intramyocardial CD 34+ cell transplantation appears to improve left ventricular segmental wall motion in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
A detailed haplotype tagging investigation of the il23r gene confirms gene-wide association with childhood onset inflammatory bowel disease and crohn's disease
Authors: J. E. Van Limbergen, R. K. Russell, E. R. Nimmo, H. E. Drummond, L. Smith, Niall Anderson, G. Davies, P. M. Gillett, P. McGrogan, L. T. Weaver, M. W. Bisset, G. Mahdi, D. C. Wilson, J. Satsangi
Journal: Gut (2008)
Towards understanding the first genome sequence of a crenarchaeon by genome annotation using clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (COGs)
Authors: Darren A Natale, Uma T Shankavaram, Michael Y Galperin, Yuri I Wolf, L Aravind, Eugene V Koonin
Journal: Genome biology (2000)

Standard archival sequence databases have not been designed as tools for genome annotation and are far from being optimal for this purpose. We used the database of Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs) to reannotate the genomes of two archaea, Aeropyrum pernix, the first member of the Crenarchaea to be sequenced, and Pyrococcus abyssi.A. pernix and P. abyssi proteins were assigned to COGs using the COGNITOR program; the results were verified on a case-by-case basis and augmented by additional database searches using the PSI-BLAST and TBLASTN programs. Functions were predicted for over 300 proteins from A. pernix, which could not be assigned a function using conventional methods with a conservative sequence similarity threshold, an approximately 50% increase compared to the original annotation. A. pernix shares most of the conserved core of proteins that were previously identified in the Euryarchaeota. Cluster analysis or distance matrix tree construction based on the co-occurrence of genomes in COGs showed that A. pernix forms a distinct group within the archaea, although grouping with the two species of Pyrococci, indicative of similar repertoires of conserved genes, was observed. No indication of a specific relationship between Crenarchaeota and eukaryotes was obtained in these analyses. Several proteins that are conserved in Euryarchaeota and most bacteria are unexpectedly missing in A. pernix, including the entire set of de novo purine biosynthesis enzymes, the GTPase FtsZ (a key component of the bacterial and euryarchaeal cell-division machinery), and the tRNA-specific pseudouridine synthase, previously considered universal. A. pernix is represented in 48 COGs that do not contain any euryarchaeal members. Many of these proteins are TCA cycle and electron transport chain enzymes, reflecting the aerobic lifestyle of A. pernix.Special-purpose databases organized on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and carefully curated with respect to known and predicted protein functions provide for a significant improvement in genome annotation. A differential genome display approach helps in a systematic investigation of common and distinct features of gene repertoires and in some cases reveals unexpected connections that may be indicative of functional similarities between phylogenetically distant organisms and of lateral gene exchange.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE COMPARABLE EFFECTS OF PROTAMINE ZINC AND REGULAR INSULIN IN DIABETIC PATIENTS FOLLOWED OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS
Authors: Elaine P. Ralli, Harold Brandaleone, Harry D. Fein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1942)

Article1 April 1942OBSERVATIONS ON THE COMPARABLE EFFECTS OF PROTAMINE ZINC AND REGULAR INSULIN IN DIABETIC PATIENTS FOLLOWED OVER A PERIOD OF YEARSELAINE P. RALLI, M.D., HAROLD BRANDALEONE, M.D., HARRY D. FEIN, M.D.ELAINE P. RALLI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HAROLD BRANDALEONE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HARRY D. FEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-16-4-750 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn a previous study1we reported observations on 20 patients with diabetes mellitus who were followed for periods while on regular insulin and who were then transferred to protamine zinc insulin and observed for periods of eight to 14 months. In this group of patients it was found that four never reacted favorably to protamine zinc insulin, and that after eight months five patients had to be returned to regular insulin alone because of the tendency for the occurrence of severe insulin shock or uncontrolled glycosuria. Of the remaining 11 patients of the group eight required both regular and protamine...References1. RALLIFEINLOVELOCK EPHDFJ: Observations on the continued use of protamine zinc insulin in patients with severe diabetes mellitus, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1938, cxcvi, 28. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. WILDERBROWNEBUTT RMHCHR: Diseases of metabolism and nutrition, Arch. Int. Med., 1940, lxv, 39. Google Scholar3. TOLSTOIWEBER EFC: Protamine zinc insulin, a clinical study, Arch. Int. Med., 1940, lxvi, 670. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. MARTINDRUTYSTROUS HDRS: Basal requirement in diabetes mellitus, Arch. Int. Med., 1940, lxvi, 78. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Received for publication June 4, 1941.From the Diabetic Clinics of the Third (New York University) Medical Division of Bellevue Hospital, and the Diabetic Clinics of the College of Medicine, New York University. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1942Volume 16, Issue 4Page: 750-761KeywordsDiabetes mellitusHospital medicineInsulinProtaminesShockZinc ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1942 PDF downloadLoading ...
Multiple lesions of the lip exhibiting the 'Jadassohn phenomenon'.
Authors: AKE LARSSON, LARS HAMMARSTROM, GUNNAR NETHANDER, SVEN SJOGREN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

The clinical and microscopic features of multiple, superficial lesions of the lip and adjacent mucosa in an elderly woman are reported. The lesions had been present for many years apparently without symptoms. A histologically confusing picture gave rise to diagnostic problems. Characteristic nests of basaloid cells were present at all levels of the acanthotic epithelium together with microcysts, horn pearls and squamous cell eddies. Review of the literature revealed no previous report on similar lesions of the oral mucosa and it is suggested that the lesions closely coincide with the Jadassohn type of intra-epidermal epithelioma.
THE IMPACT OF CHANGES IN PATHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION AND REFERRAL PATTERNS ON TREATMENT AND OUTCOME OF PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH A GLIOMA 1988-2002
Authors: S. C. Erridge, G. R. Kerr, M. Hart, S. McNamara, Colin Smith, R. Grant, I. Whittle, A. Gregor
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)
Re: Urs E. Studer, Laurence Collette, Peter Whelan, et al. Using PSA to Guide Timing of Androgen Deprivation in Patients with T0–4 N0–2 M0 Prostate Cancer not Suitable for Local Curative Treatment (EORTC 30891). Eur Urol 2008;53:941–9
Authors: Narasimhan Ragavan, Paras B. Singh, Francis L. Martin, Andrew D. Baird
Journal: European Urology (2008)