tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Vision That Challenges Dogma Gives Rise to a New Era in the Environmental Health Sciences
Authors: Kenneth S. Ramos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

As sequencing of the draft genome of several species is completed and functional genomics studies continue to appear, an exciting new era of biomedical discovery in the environmental health sciences has come upon us. Along with it, technological advances steadily pave the way for a more complete understanding of biology and for realization that integration of molecular information into existing knowledge is essential to unraveling the complexity of biological systems. Diseases with a strong environmental etiology, such as asthma, atherosclerosis, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and sudden cardiac death, can now be conceptualized beyond a select few mRNAs, proteins, or metabolites. And instead of thinking of one gene–one protein–one metabolite at a time, environmental disease can now be evaluated in terms of hundreds or even thousands of molecular targets. With opportunity, however, comes responsibility. The integration of genomic thinking into environmental health sciences has given rise to the new science of toxicogenomics. The term “toxicogenomics” was broadly defined in the inaugural issue of the Toxicogenomics Section in the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) journal Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) as the science that combines genetics, genomic-scale mRNA expression (transcriptomics), protein expression (proteomics), metabolite profiling (metabolomics), and bioinformatics with toxicology to understand the role of gene–environment interactions in disease (Ramos 2003). Several other definitions have been offered, and debate continues over what toxicogenomics is and is not and whether toxicogenomics is the dawn of a new science or a fad that will someday go away. E s s a y o n Toxicogenomics
SEPARATION OF TEICHOIC ACID OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INTO TWO IMMUNOLOGICALLY DISTINCT SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDES WITH α- AND ß-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYL LINKAGES RESPECTIVELY
Authors: Mitsuo Torii, Elvin A. Kabat, Ada E. Bezer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Human sera were found to contain antibodies precipitating with each of two samples of teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus prior to immunization; these antibodies were probably formed as a result of contact or infection with this microorganism. Injection of teichoic acid into two individuals resulted in a rise in circulating antibody to teichoic acid; a third subject probably had a primary response to alpha-teichoic acid. Quantitative precipitin and agar diffusion studies revealed the presence of two distinct antibodies in the sera and showed that each specimen of teichoic acid was a mixture of two polymers an alpha-linked N-acetylglucosaminyl-ribitol polymer and a beta-linked N-acetylglucosaminyl-ribitol polymer, termed alpha- and beta-teichoic acids respectively. The alpha-teichoic acid anti-alpha-teichoic acid system was inhibited best by alpha-linked glucosaminides and the beta-anti-beta-teichoic acid system was inhibited best by a beta-linked glucosaminide. The alpha- and (beta-teichoic acids could be separated from each other by specific precipitation under appropriate conditions and recovered from the washed specific precipitates. The existence of two distinct teichoic acid polymers raises important questions as to cell wall structure and the biosynthesis of the teichoic acids.
Chitin Checking — Novel Insights into Asthma
Authors: Marsha Wills-Karp, Christopher L. Karp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Interleukin-13 has an important influence on the pathophysiology of asthma. A recent study shows that a chitinase may be responsible for the effects of interleukin-13 and is critical to the asthmatic response in a mouse model.
A Practice of Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Alan Marty
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Professor d'Abreau has again succeeded in describing current thinking in this exciting field of surgery. Salted by comments derived from his own wide experience, this edition adds entirely new sections on surgery of the esophagus and heart by Collis and Clarke, yet maintains the coherence of a single-authored text. Translated into many languages, it aims to guide surgeons in many parts of the world. For example, the authors justify comprehensive reviews on the surgery of tuberculosis and pulmonary hydatid disease from such a global perspective, despite the comparative rarity of these conditions in America today. The brevity afforded "surgery of myocardial revascularizaton," however, reflects the considerable (and regional) reservation with which this subject has been greeted in Birmingham. The complete and timely chapters on congenital heart disease, acquired valvar disease, surgery of the great vessels, empyema, lung abscess, bronchiectasis, and thoracic neoplasms, as well as the newer views on the
A retrospective multicenter analysis of elderly Hodgkin lymphoma: outcomes and prognostic factors in the modern era
Authors: Andrew M. Evens, Irene Helenowski, Erika Ramsdale, Chadi Nabhan, Reem Karmali, Britt Hanson, Benjamin Parsons, Scott Smith, Annette Larsen, June M. McKoy, Borko Jovanovic, Stephanie Gregory, Leo I. Gordon, Sonali M. Smith
Journal: Blood (2011)
Mrs Simpson's knickers
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

you to its annual conference on the NHS.It is for opin- iion leaders, includ- ing non-executive board members like you-people who are moulding the NHS for the next millennium.This month's annual conference is differ- ent from last month's annual conference, which was designed to facilitate medium term thinking in small Trusts.This one is designed to facilitate long term thinking in medium sized Trusts.It will also be relevant to large and small Trusts and to medium and short term strategic thinking.
Better functional status in American than Canadian patients with heart disease: An effect of medical care?
Authors: Louise Pilote, Martial G. Bourassa, Constance Bacon, James Bost, Katherine Detre, Daniel B. Mark, Bertram Pitt, Guy Reeder, William J. Rogers, Thomas Ryan, Leonard Schwartz, Hugh Smith, Patrick Whitlow, Robert Wiens, Mark A. Hlatky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

This study compared functional status in Americans and Canadians with and without prior symptoms of heart disease to separate the effects of medical care from nonmedical factors. Coronary angiography and revascularization are used more often in the United States than in Canada, yet rates of mortality and myocardial infarction are similar in the two countries. Recent data suggest that functional status after myocardial infarction is better among Americans than Canadians, but it is uncertain whether this difference is due to medical care or nonmedical factors. Quality of life was measured in patients enrolled in seven American and one Canadian site in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation. Prior symptoms of heart disease were defined as angina, myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure before the episode of illness leading to randomization. Functional status was measured with the Duke Activity Status Index and overall emotional and social health using Medical Outcome Study measures on the basis of patient status before the index episode of acute ischemic heart disease. Quality of life was generally better in the 934 Americans than in the 278 Canadians, with overall health rated as excellent or very good in 30% of Americans versus 20% of Canadians (p = 0.0001), higher median Duke Activity Status Index scores (16 vs. 13.5, p = 0.03) but equivalent emotional health (76 vs. 76, p = 0.74) and social health scores (100 vs. 80, p = 0.07). Among the 350 patients without prior symptoms of heart disease, Americans and Canadians had similar overall health, Duke Activity Status Index and emotional and social health scores. However, of the 860 patients with previous symptoms of heart disease, Americans had higher overall health (p = 0.0001) and Duke Activity Status Index scores (p = 0.0008) but similar emotional and social health scores. The results were essentially unchanged after statistical adjustment for potential confounding factors. The functional status of patients without prior symptoms of heart disease is similar in Americans and Canadians. However, among patients with previous symptomatic heart disease, functional status is higher in Americans than in Canadians. This difference may be due to different patterns of medical management of heart disease in the two countries.
Flaxseed in Pediatric Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Helen Wong, Nita Chahal, Cedric Manlhiot, Elizabeth Niedra, Brian W. McCrindle
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Nonpharmacological management of hypercholesterolemia in children is challenging with few available options. OBJECTIVES To determine the safety and efficacy of dietary flaxseed supplementation in the management of hypercholesterolemia in children. DESIGN Four-week placebo-controlled, blinded, randomized clinical trial.Specialized dyslipidemia clinic at a tertiary pediatric care center. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-two participants aged 8 to 18 years with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from 135 mg/dL (3.5 mmol/L) to less than 193 mg/dL (5.0 mmol/L).The intervention group ate 2 muffins and 1 slice of bread daily containing ground flaxseed (30 g flaxseed total). The control group ate muffins and bread substituted with whole-wheat flour. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE Attributable change in fasting lipid profile. RESULTS Dietary flaxseed supplementation resulted in an attributable decrease of -7.35 mg/dL (-0.19 mmol/L) in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (95% CI, -3.09 to -11.60 mg/dL[-0.08 to -0.30 mmol/L]; relative: -15%, 95% CI, -24% to -6%; P = .001), an increase of 29.23 mg/dL (+0.33 mmol/L) in triglycerides (95% CI, 4.43 to 53.14 mg/dL [+0.05 to +0.60 mmol/L]; relative: +26%, 95% CI, +4% to +48%; P = .02), and an increase of +4.88 g/d in dietary polyunsaturated fat intake (95% CI, +0.22 to +9.53; relative: +76%, 95% CI, +3% to +148%; P = .04). Flaxseed had no attributable effects on total cholesterol (-8.51 mg/dL [-0.22 mmol/L]; 95% CI, -21.66 to 4.25 mg/dL [-0.56 to +0.11 mmol/L]; relative: -4%, 95% CI, -10% to +2%; P = .20), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-6.96 mg/dL [-0.18 mmol/L]; 95% CI, -16.63 to 2.71 mg/dL [-0.43 to +0.07 mmol/L]; relative: -5%, 95% CI, -12% to +2%; P = .15), body mass index z score (+0.002; 95% CI, -0.147 to +0.150; relative: +0%, 95% CI, -12% to +12%; P = .30), or total caloric intake (+117 kcal; 95% CI, -243 to +479; relative: +8%, 95% CI, -17% to +33%; P = .52). An attributable change in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol failed to exclude a potential benefit of flaxseed supplementation based on a prespecified minimum clinically important reduction of 10%. No concerns were noted regarding safety.The use of dietary flaxseed supplementation, while safe, was associated with adverse changes in the lipid profile of children with hypercholesterolemia, although a potential benefit of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering could not be excluded. The use of flaxseed supplementation in children with hypercholesterolemia might not be a viable option for lipid management in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01007344.
State governors agree to support expansion of Medicare
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The National Governors Association, a lobbying group representing the views of US state governors, has unanimously supported extending the Medicare drug benefit currently being considered by Congress to everyone aged over 65 (7 June, p 1230).

Governors of 50 states and one territory signed a letter sent to members of the conference committee due to reconcile House and Senate versions of the bill when Congress reconvenes after its summer recess.

The conflict has arisen over “dual eligibles”–people aged over 65 entitled to care through Medicare who are …
Tissue-Destructive Macrophages in Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Heike L. Rittner, Markus Kaiser, Alexander Brack, Luke I. Szweda, Jörg J. Goronzy, Cornelia M. Weyand
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory vasculopathy in which T cells and macrophages infiltrate the wall of medium and large arteries. Clinical consequences such as blindness and stroke are related to arterial occlusion. Formation of aortic aneurysms may result from necrosis of smooth muscle cells and fragmentation of elastic membranes. The molecular mechanisms of arterial wall injury in GCA are not understood. To identify mechanisms of arterial damage, gene expression in inflamed and unaffected temporal artery specimens was compared by differential display polymerase chain reaction. Genes differentially expressed in arterial lesions included 3 products encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies specific for a 65-kDa mitochondrial antigen revealed that increased expression of mitochondrial products was characteristic of multinucleated giant cells and of CD68+ macrophages that cluster in the media and at the media-intima junction. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts, products of lipid peroxidation, were detected on smooth muscle cells and on tissue infiltrating cells, in close proximity to multinucleated giant cells and CD68+ macrophages. Also, giant cells and macrophages with overexpression of mitochondrial products were able to synthesize metalloproteinase-2. Our data suggest that in the vascular lesions characteristic for GCA, a subset of macrophages has the potential to support several pathways of arterial injury, including the release of reactive oxygen species and the production of metalloproteinase-2. This macrophage subset is topographically defined and is also identified by overexpression of mitochondrial genes. Because these macrophages have a high potential to promote several mechanisms of arterial wall damage, they should be therapeutically targeted to prevent blood vessel destruction.
Rickets, Growth, and Alkaline Phosphatase in Urban Adolescents
Authors: W. T. Cooke, P. Asquith, N. Ruck, V. Melikian, C. H. J. Swan
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Calciferol therapy for 12 months in white, Asian, and West Indian schoolchildren resulted in a highly significant increase in height and weight when compared with schoolchildren not so treated. The rate of fall of serum alkaline phosphatase was similar in both the treated and untreated schoolchildren and in other children treated in hospital for rickets. Dietary studies on 9% of the total survey by weighed inventory methods showed a low average intake of vitamin D, while random estimates of 25-hydroxycalciferol levels on 6% of the children were less than 3.8 ng/ml in 40% of those studied (principally Asian). It was concluded that there was a significant problem of vitamin D deficiency among Asian and West Indian teenagers and that white children were also affected to a less degree.
Extubation and Pancuronium
Authors: ROBIN L. KAPLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1978Extubation and PancuroniumROBIN L. KAPLAN, M.D.ROBIN L. KAPLAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-6-846_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I must take issue with a statement of Drs. Roizen and Feeley in their review of pancuronium bromide (1). In an otherwise excellent article, an assertion is made in the section on clinical use that is misleading. "Muscle relaxation protects the patient with a fluctuating state of consciousness (as in glutethimide overdose) from experiencing spontaneous extubation when awake, and then relapsing into coma and respiratory failure. Pancuronium bromide has been used to prevent laryngeal damage from the sudden, violent spontaneous extubation that can accompany awakening from sedative-hypnotic overdose." Extubation is not a "spontaneous" process, as implied in...References1. ROIZENFEELEY MT: Pancuronium bromide. Ann Intern Med 88:64-68, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar1. SCHREINERBERMANKOVACHBLOOMER GLRH: Acute glutethimide poisoning. Arch Intern Med 101:899-911, 1958 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. ROIZENFEELEY MT: Pancuronium Bromide. Ann Intern Med 88:64-68, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Colorado Medical Center Denver, CO 80220 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1978Volume 88, Issue 6Page: 846-846KeywordsComaConsciousnessExtubationMusclesRespiratory failure Issue Published: 1 June 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Therapy of Hairy-Cell Leukemia
Authors: David W. Golde
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Hairy-cell leukemia is a well-defined disorder characterized by splenomegaly, pancytopenia, and morphologically typical neoplastic mononuclear cells in the blood and bone marrow. Since the description of this disease as leukemic reticuloendotheliosis by Bouroncle et al. in 1958,1 there has been considerable controversy regarding the cell line of origin of the neoplastic hairy cells. Present evidence indicates that hairy-cell leukemia is a lymphoproliferative disease that usually originates in B lymphocytes. The most convincing point regarding this conclusion is the demonstration of immunoglobin synthesis by hairy cells both in vitro and in vivo.2 , 3 Cell-marker studies in hairy-cell leukemia also indicate a spectrum . . .
Are you working?
Authors: A. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The patient who coauthored this piece, a refugee who is now resident in the UK, is profoundly grateful for the medical help he has received under the NHS, an institution he much admires. But recently he asked me, “Why do doctors ask me if I’m working—it’s the first question they ask. Why don’t they ask me first about my health problems?” He is currently being investigated and treated for several.

I asked what this question meant to him, and was shamed …
Decreased Serum B12 Levels With Oral Contraceptive Use
Authors: Louis F. Wertalik
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Low serum vitamin B<sub>12</sub>levels were found in healthy young women who were taking oral contraceptive agents (OCA). The fall in serum B<sub>12</sub>values occurred rapidly and, in some instances, serum levels were indistinguishable from other forms of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>deficiency. Serum B<sub>12</sub>-binding proteins or tissue levels of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>did not appear to be altered in association with the change in serum levels. Serum folic acid levels were also reduced in some women, but folate therapy had no effect on serum B<sub>12</sub>levels. The mechanism by which oral contraceptives alter B<sub>12</sub>metabolism is not clear and the pathophysiologic significance remains to be elucidated. Serum B<sub>12</sub>values obtained in women taking OCA must be interpreted, however, in the light of this phenomenon.
Abstract P119: Protocol Changes to Increase CPR Also Leave Patients in VF for Longer Periods of Time
Authors: Daniel Jost, Isabelle L Banville, Olivier Hersan, Fred W Chapman, Herve Degrange, Robert G Walker, Aurelien Renard, David Lallement, Vincent Lanoe, Jean-Luc Petit, Jean-Pierre Carpentier
Journal: Circulation (2009)

The 2005 resuscitation guidelines eliminated stacked shocks and lengthened CPR intervals. Both of these protocol modifications can reduce CPR interruptions, but they can also delay the conversion o...
The Medical Examiner and the Practicing Physician
Authors: Richard Ford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

IN THE Commonwealth of Massachusetts, medical examiners and associate medical examiners are county officers appointed for a term of seven years for the purpose of investigating certain classes of deaths. Chapter 38 of the General Laws of the Commonwealth (as amended by Chapter 632 of Acts and Resolves of 1945) states:When any person in the Commonwealth is supposed to have died by violence or by the action of chemical, thermal or electrical agents or following abortion, or from diseases resulting from injury or infection relating to occupation, or suddenly when not disabled by recognizable disease, or when any person . . .
Variation in the incidence of diverticular disease within the city of Edinburgh.
Authors: M A Eastwood, J Sanderson, S J Pocock, W D Mitchell
Journal: Gut (1977)

An estimate of the incidence of diverticular disease of the colon was based on all the barium enema examinations in Edinburgh over four years (12 335 cases); using the census data for 1971, incidence rates for the city by age, sex, and electoral ward were calculated. The overall annual incidence rate was 1-55/1000, the rate rising sharply with increasing age. The incidence of diverticular disease varies from ward to ward (range 0-92-2-04/1000), adjacent wards have similar incidence rates and the six wards with the lowest rates are clustered together in the South East of the city. Ward incidence rates have a significant negative association with the percentage of owner occupiers living in that area.
The Gender Gap in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Shannon E. Dunn, Lawrence Steinman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

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S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) therapy in liver disease: A review of current evidence and clinical utility
Authors: Quentin M. Anstee, Christopher P. Day
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe; AdoMet) is an important, metabolically pleiotropic molecule that participates in multiple cellular reactions as the precursor for the synthesis of glutathione and principle methyl donor required for methylation of nucleic acids, phospholipids, histones, biogenic amines, and proteins. SAMe synthesis is depressed in chronic liver disease and so there has been considerable interest in the utility of SAMe to ameliorate disease severity. Despite encouraging pre-clinical data confirming that SAMe depletion can exacerbate liver injury and supporting a hepatoprotective role for SAMe therapy, to date no large, high-quality randomised clinical trials have been performed that establish clinical utility in specific disease states. Here, we offer an in-depth review of the published scientific literature relating to the physiological and pathophysiological roles of SAMe and its therapeutic use in liver disease, critically assessing implications for clinical practice and offering recommendations for further research.