tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcoholism: Progress in Research and Treatment
Authors: Barry I. Liskow
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The editors of this book have assigned themselves the task of presenting those "broad multidisciplinary aspects of the problem of alcoholism" that are "of prime importance to the medical student and physician who treat alcoholics on an irregular basis." They have succeeded reasonably well by bringing together 17 well-written, separately authored chapters that report recent alcohol research in such diverse fields as biochemistry, clinical medicine, psychology, anthropology, sociology, and law. Although some offerings are too specific and others too general for the anticipated readership, most present well-balanced overviews. As a consequence of the book's diversity, most of the chapters do not relate directly to each other, apart from the common subject of alcoholism. However, running through a number of these chapters is the viewpoint that recognizes the importance of methodical research, with a reexamination and, if necessary, challenge to entrenched concepts about alcoholism. This combination of research and reexamination is most
Abstract 3528: Mutational analysis of threonine 402 adjacent to the GXXXG dimerization motif in TM1 of ABCG2
Authors: Caterina Ierano, Orsolya Polgar, Akina Tamaki, Bradford Stanley, Yvona Ward, Di Xia, Nadya Tarasova, Robert W. Robey, Susan E, Bates
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract ABCG2 is an ATP-binding cassette half-transporter important in normal tissue protection, drug distribution and excretion. ABCG2 requires homodimerization for function, though the mechanism for dimerization has not been worked out. We carried out mutational analysis of threonine 402, three residues away from the GXXXG motif in TM1, to study its potential role in ABCG2 dimerization (TXXXGXXXG). Single mutations to leucine (T402L) or arginine (T402R) did not have significant impact on the ABCG2 protein. On the other hand, combining the T402 mutations with the GXXXG glycine to leucine mutations (T402L/G406L/G410L and T402R/G406L/G410L) resulted in substantially reduced expression, altered glycosylation, degradation by a proteosome independent pathway and partial retention in the endoplasmic reticulum as suggested by immunostaining, Endoglycosidase H sensitivity and MG132 and bafilomycin failed effect. The T402L/G406L/G410L mutant when incubated with the ABCG2-substrate mitoxantrone showed a shift on immunoblot analysis to the band representing the fully matured glycoprotein. The T402R/G406L/G410L mutant carrying the more drastic substitution failed to shift to the surface with mitoxantrone. The same set of mutations also displayed impaired dimerization in the TOXCAT assay for TM1 compared to the wild type. Homology modeling of ABCG2 places the TXXXGXXXG motif at the dimer interface. These studies are consistent with a role for the extended TXXXGXXXG motif in ABCG2 folding, processing, and/or dimerization. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3528.
Models of the physician-patient relationship
Authors: C. Devereux
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Emanuel and Emanuel 1 describe four prototypic physician-patient relationship models and ask which is ideal. They conclude that the deliberative  embodies the optimal physician-patient interaction and that medical education should instruct students in this approach to patients. However, their conclusion that a single model is optimal may not be true for all patients.  As a practicing oncologist, the single rule that I follow is to take the cue from the patient. If one listens to and observes the nonverbal communication from oncology patients, they will let the physician know fairly quickly their hopes regarding the treatment outcome and fears about the diagnosis, as well as their specific expectations of the physician. Some patients will articulate clearly what they want from their physician. Other patients are less explicit, but the attentive, observant physician can discern how much control and knowledge they wish to have and how much
176 LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL AMYLOID POLYNEUROPATHY: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TRANSTHYRETIN MUTATIONS
Authors: A.P. Barreiros, M. Hoppe-Lotichius, F. Post, C. Theis, C. Geber, F. Birklein, P. Galle, G. Otto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
A memorable patient: "Let's wait and see"
Authors: C. Sharpe
Journal: BMJ (2001)

It happened on a Saturday morning. I was on call for the intensive care unit when I received the referral of a potential admission. The patient was an elderly man with an acute exacerbation of his chronic obstructive airways disease.

On my arrival on the medical ward, I immediately saw that he was in extremis. Very little information was available to provide the basis for an informed decision as to his suitability for intensive care admission and ventilatory support. The only option was to admit him to the intensive care unit.

After …
No Apparent Alteration of F-18 FDG Biodistribution When Injected Shortly After Insulin Glargine
Authors: Ryan D. Niederkohr, Andrew Quon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

F-18 FDG PET scans acquired after insulin administration usually show prominent skeletal and cardiac muscle FDG uptake, which may hinder accurate scan interpretation. We performed an FDG PET/CT scan on a 25-year-old diabetic woman who received the long-acting insulin analog glargine (Lantus; Sanofi-Aventis) 3 hours before FDG injection. The scan showed no significant alteration of FDG biodistribution. Insulin glargine has no pronounced peak over 24 hours and is being used more frequently to create basal insulin level in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Our findings suggest that insulin glargine may not need to be withheld prior to PET scintigraphy.
Association between anti-thymocyte globulin exposure and CD4+ immune reconstitution in paediatric haemopoietic cell transplantation: a multicentre, retrospective pharmacodynamic cohort analysis
Authors: Rick Admiraal, Charlotte van Kesteren, Cornelia M Jol-van der Zijde, Arjan C Lankester, Marc B Bierings, Toine C G Egberts, Maarten J D van Tol, Catherijne A J Knibbe, Robbert G M Bredius, Jaap J Boelens
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2015)
Aboriginal study prompts push for action on children's hearing loss
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The Australian government has been urged by the authors of a new study to make a topical antibiotic treatment available to Aboriginal children to help reduce the impact of an ear infection linked to hearing loss and educational difficulties.

A randomised controlled trial conducted by the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation found that Aboriginal children with chronic suppurative otitis media were more likely to be cured if treated with ciprofloxacin drops than with the conventional treatment of topical framycetin, gramicidin, and dexamethasone ( Medical Journal of Australia 2003;179: 185-90.)

Among the 111 Aboriginal children who completed the trial, 52% of those given conventional treatment …
Autoimmune manifestations in human myelodysplasia: a positive correlation with interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) expression
Authors: S Giannouli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Patients with myelodysplasia may have autoimmune manifestations (AIM). Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is a transcription factor involved in interferon signalling, leukaemogenesis, and the development of the immune system.To determine whether IRF-1 is implicated in the pathophysiology of AIM in myelodysplasia.14 patients with myelodysplasia were studied, seven with AIM and seven without. Five patients with vasculitis and seven normal subjects served as controls. The expression of IRF-1 was studied in bone marrow mononuclear cells taken from patients and controls, using a relative quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.A 10-fold reduction in full length IRF-1 mRNA was detected in the myelodysplasia patients without AIM compared with the normal controls. In contrast, the group with AIM had increased IRF-1 transcripts, to a level almost equal to that observed in patients with vasculitis and normal controls.Myelodysplasia patients without IRF-1 expression had a decreased incidence of AIM. Thus the absence of IRF-1 transcription factor appears to protect against the development of autoimmunity in myelodysplasia.
Van Gogh: Meniere's Disease? Epilepsy? Psychosis?
Authors: Richard A. Kunin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Porphyria and not Meniere's syndrome is the most likely diagnosis to explain the tragic symptoms of Vincent van Gogh. Arenberg et al<sup>1</sup>base their diagnosis of Meniere's syndrome on van Gogh's letters, which contain descriptions of symptoms that they construe to be tinnitus, vertigo, and nausea, occurring in attacks or clusters. They proposed that van Gogh's hallucinations, both auditory and visual, were a by-product of severe tinnitus. Indeed, the asylum director, Dr Peyron, wrote that, "van Gogh... is suffering from acute mania with hallucinations of sight and hearing, which may have caused him to mutilate himself by cutting off his ear." The doctor made a diagnosis of "epileptic fits." Van Gogh also wrote: "Due to a bad stomach while attacks were persisting, I could not eat" and "I am unable to describe exactly what is the matter with me; and then there are horrible fits of
A1C Underestimates Glycemia in HIV Infection
Authors: Peter S. Kim, Christian Woods, Patrick Georgoff, Dana Crum, Alice Rosenberg, Margo Smith, Colleen Hadigan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between A1C and glycemia in HIV infection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We completed a prospective cross-sectional study of 100 HIV-infected adults with type 2 diabetes (77%) or fasting hyperglycemia (23%) with measured glucose, A1C, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and fructosamine. A total of 200 HIV-uninfected type 2 diabetic subjects matched for key demographic characteristics served as control subjects. RESULTS Relative to the control subjects, A1C underestimated glucose by 29 ± 4 mg/dl in the HIV-infected subjects. Current nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), higher MCV and hemoglobin, and lower HIV RNA and haptoglobin were associated with greater A1C-glucose discordance. However, only MCV and current NTRI use, in particular abacavir, remained significant predictors in multivariate analyses. Fructosamine more closely reflected glycemia in the HIV-infected subjects. CONCLUSIONS A1C underestimates glycemia in HIV-infected patients and is related to NRTI use. Use of abacavir and increased MCV were key correlates in multivariate analyses. Fructosamine may be more appropriate in this setting.
The accuracy of symptom‐based definition of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: R. Tahamiler, S. Canakcioglu, S. Ogreden, E. Acioglu
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Objective: Currently, the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a symptom‐based definition. This study aims to study, verify and evaluate the predictive value of the symptom‐based definition of CRS and compare this with objective tests. Methods: Seven hundred and sixty‐eight adults, who were referred from primary care centers as patients who met the definition of CRS, were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their allergic status. The patients were subjected to nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) on the same day. Results: The results showed 73.15% of the nonallergic patients with symptom‐based diagnosed CRS and 65.34% of the allergic patients with symptom‐based diagnosed CRS had no CT and endoscopic pathology (Endoscopic score 0 + CT score 0). Nasal discharge was the most common major symptom in all patients from both groups who had pathologic endoscopic and/or CT scan scores. Conclusions: It is well established that symptoms are very important in the diagnosis of CRS. However, two major symptoms are insufficient for diagnosis. Therefore, endoscopy and CT have important differential diagnostic roles. Our study showed that in patients with three major symptoms, CT pathology may be sufficient for definitive diagnosis. However, in patients with two major symptoms such as nasal discharge and/or low grade nasal polyposis, endoscopy becomes considerably more important due to inspective findings. If no endoscopic findings are found, the importance of the CT scans is increased.
Public Funds and the Injured Motorcyclist
Authors: David Morris
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I write concerning the recommendation to mandate the use of helmets by motorcyclists.<sup>1</sup>Even though the state currently pays most of the costs of motorcycle injuries, that is no justification to use force against persons who choose to ride motorcycles without helmets. Nobody's rights should be restricted as long as he does no harm to anyone else. Self-inflicted harm should not be the responsibility of the taxpayers. The only just solution to the problem is to deny the use of state funds to pay for the care of persons whose injuries are the result of their own foolishness. As hardhearted as this sounds, I'm much more worried about murderers, burglars, and rapists than about someone who doesn't wear a helmet. Law-enforcement personnel should not be asked to waste their precious time harrassing people who are posing no danger to anyone else. They must concentrate on violent
Pulmonary hypertension diagnosed by right heart catheterisation in sickle cell disease
Authors: G.H.H. Fonseca, R. Souza, V.M.C. Salemi, C.V.P. Jardim, S.F.M. Gualandro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Recent studies have recognised the importance of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in sickle cell disease (SCD). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and prognostic impact of PH and its features in patients with SCD. 80 patients with SCD underwent baseline clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, 6-min walk tests (6MWTs) and echocardiography. Patients with a peak tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) of ≥ 2.5 m·s(-1) were further evaluated through right heart catheterisation (RHC) to assure the diagnosis of PH. Our study evidenced a 40% prevalence of patients with elevated TRV at echocardiography. RHC (performed in 25 out of 32 patients) confirmed PH in 10% (95% CI 3.4-16.5%) of all patients, with a prevalence of post-capillary PH of 6.25% (95% CI 0.95-11.55%) and pre-capillary PH of 3.75% (95% CI -0.4-7.9%). Patients with PH were older, had worse performance in 6MWTs, and more pronounced anaemia, haemolysis and renal dysfunction. Survival was shorter in patients with PH. Our study reinforced the use of echocardiography as a screening tool for PH in SCD and the mandatory role of RHC for proper diagnosis. Our findings confirmed the prognostic significance of PH in SCD as its association to pronounced haemolytic profile.
Audit shows quality of lung cancer treatment in UK lags behind other countries
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The quality of lung cancer treatment in the United Kingdom varies between different hospitals and lags behind that in other western European countries, according to an audit published this week.

The third National Lung Cancer Audit, published by the NHS Information Centre and the Royal College of Physicians, shows an overall improvement in the quality of care being given by hospitals in the UK compared with previous years (figure⇓). But it finds that some hospitals are failing to offer acceptable standards of practice in key aspects of care, including diagnosis and treatment.



Tim Straughan, chief executive of the NHS Information Centre, said, “While there have been overall improvements in care since the previous audit in 2006, there’s still a wide …
Management of type 2 diabetes: summary of updated NICE guidance
Authors: Philip Home, Jonathan Mant, Jose Diaz, Claire Turner
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rising rapidly.1 More than 240 million people worldwide are estimated to have diabetes, and this number is likely to reach over 360 million by 2030.1 2 The impact on health occurs primarily through cardiovascular disease, but younger age of onset and advances in the prevention of cardiovascular disease are increasingly exposing people to the risks of microvascular damage, such as kidney and eye disease.1 The management of diabetes is complex and needs to address the prevention of cardiovascular disease and microvascular disease and the detection and management of early vascular complications.3 In recent years new evidence has accumulated on lifestyle intervention, self management through education, and self monitoring, and many new treatments have been introduced for various aspects of management. This article summarises the recommendations from an updated guideline by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the management of type 2 diabetes.4 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the opinion of the Guideline Development Group (GDG) of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Patient centred care
A View on the Room—Reply
Authors: Michael Detsky
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Tumor Microenvironment Heterogeneity on Nanoparticle Disposition and Efficacy in Breast Cancer Tumor Models
Authors: Gina Song, David B. Darr, Charlene M. Santos, Mark Ross, Alain Valdivia, Jamie L. Jordan, Bentley R. Midkiff, Stephanie Cohen, Nana Nikolaishvili-Feinberg, C. Ryan Miller, Teresa K. Tarrant, Arlin B. Rogers, Andrew C. Dudley, Charles M. Perou, William C. Zamboni
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Tumor cells are surrounded by a complex microenvironment. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment in the variability of nanoparticle (NP) delivery and efficacy. Experimental Designs: C3(1)-T-Antigen genetically engineered mouse model (C3-TAg) and T11/TP53Null orthotopic syngeneic murine transplant model (T11) representing human breast tumor subtypes basal-like and claudin-low, respectively, were evaluated. For the pharmacokinetic studies, non-liposomal doxorubicin (NL-doxo) or polyethylene glycol tagged (PEGylated) liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) was administered at 6 mg/kg i.v. x1. Area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of doxorubicin was calculated. Macrophages, collagen, and the amount of vasculature were assessed by IHC. Chemokines and cytokines were measured by multiplex immunochemistry. NL-doxo or PLD was administered at 6 mg/kg i.v. weekly x6 in efficacy studies. Analyses of intermediary tumor response and overall survival were performed. Results: Plasma AUC of NL-doxo and PLD encapsulated and released doxorubicin was similar between two models. However, tumor sum total AUC of PLD was 2-fold greater in C3-TAg compared with T11 (P &amp;lt; 0.05). T11 tumors showed significantly higher expression of CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 2 and VEGF-a, greater vascular quantity, and decreased expression of VEGF-c compared with C3-TAg (P &amp;lt; 0.05). PLD was more efficacious compared with NL-doxo in both models. Conclusion: The tumor microenvironment and/or tumor cell features of breast cancer affected NP tumor delivery and efficacy, but not the small-molecule drug. Our findings reveal the role of the tumor microenvironment in variability of NP delivery and therapeutic outcomes. Clin Cancer Res; 20(23); 6083–95. ©2014 AACR.
Regulation of eukaryotic abasic endonucleases and their role in genetic stability.
Authors: B Demple, L Harrison, D M Wilson, R A Bennett, T Takagi, A G Ascione
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Abasic (AP) sites in DNA arise from spontaneous reactions or the action of DNA glycosylases and represent a loss of genetic information. The AP sites can be mutagenic or cytotoxic, and their repair is initiated by class II AP endonucleases, which incise immediately 5' to AP sites. The main enzyme of S. cerevisiae. Apn1, provides cellular resistance to oxidants (e.g., H2O2) or alkylating agents, and limits the spontaneous mutation rate. AP endonucleases from other species can replace Apn1 function in yeast to different extents. We studied the main human enzyme, Ape, with respect to its incision specificity in vitro and the expression of the APE gene in vivo. The results suggest that Ape evolved to act preferentially on AP sites compared to deoxyribose fragments located at oxidative strand breaks and that the incision modes of Ape and Apn1 may be fundamentally different. We also defined the functional APE promoter, and showed that APE expression is transiently downregulated during the regeneration of epidermis after wounding. This latter effect may lead to a window of vulnerability for DNA damage and perhaps mutagenesis during the healing of epidermal and other wounds. Such unexpected effects on the expression of DNA repair enzymes need to be taken into account in analyzing the susceptibility of different tissues to carcinogens.
Drill's Pharmacology in Medicine
Authors: Norman A. David
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Completely rewritten and revised, this new edition includes several new chapters. Fifty-five of the 93 authors are contributing for the first time. While many of the 91 chapters follow the organization used in the previous editions, each is clear, succinct, and very readable. The selection, emphasis, and presentation reflect the individuality and expertise of the author. The chapters in each section provide a systematic and sequential description of the several drug categories. Emphasis rests on the mechanisms and theories of drug action, and the practitioner will find the discussions of the therapeutic uses of drugs to be rather limited. While such information as dosage, therapeutic indications, contraindications, possible side-effects and adverse reactions are listed, seldom are the clinical trials of old or new drugs discussed and evaluated in detail. Hence, the practitioner desiring a summary of the therapeutic status and value of a remedy may find this information incomplete. It