tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of second brain tumour after conservative surgery and radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma.
Authors: M. Brada, D. Ford, S. Ashley, J. M. Bliss, S. Crowley, M. Mason, B. Rajan, D. Traish
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To assess the risk of second brain tumour in patients with pituitary adenoma treated with conservative surgery and external beam radiotherapy.Long term follow up of a cohort of patients with pituitary adenoma and comparison of tumour occurrence with population incidence rates.The Royal Marsden Hospital.334 patients with pituitary adenoma treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy (median dose 45 Gy) and followed up for 3760 person years.Second intracranial tumour and systemic malignancy.Five patients developed a second brain tumour: two had astrocytoma, two meningioma, and one meningeal sarcoma. The cumulative risk of developing a second brain tumour over the first 10 years after treatment was 1.3% (95% confidence interval 0.4% to 3.9%) and over 20 years 1.9% (0.7% to 5.0%). The relative risk of a second brain tumour compared with the incidence in the normal population was 9.38 (3.05 to 21.89). There was no excess risk of any other type of second primary malignancy.There is an increased risk of second intracranial tumour in patients with pituitary adenoma treated with surgery and radiotherapy. Although radiation is likely to be the most important factor contributing to the excess risk, further study is required in a cohort of similar patients not receiving radiation.
Erythrodermic bullous pemphigoid is a clinical variant of bullous pemphigoid
Authors: N. J. KORMAN, S. G. WOODS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease of the skin. Several variants of BP have been described but until recently the relationship of these variants to generalized BP was unclear. Several studies have shown that pemphigoid nodularis, pemphigoid vegetans, localized BP and vesicular pemphigoid are true variants of BP as the circulating antibodies in these patients recognize the same 230 kDa BP antigen as found in patients with generalized BP. Erythrodermic BP is a very unusual variant characterized by an erythroderma along with blister formation. We describe the third known patient to develop erythrodermic BP and characterize the antigenic specificity of the circulating antibodies in both our newly reported patient with erythrodermic BP and in one of the two other previously reported cases of erythrodermic BP. Both patients with erythrodermic BP had circulating IgG antibodies which bound to the epidermal side of salt-split human skin in a pattern identical to two patients with immunopathologically proven generalized BP. Sera from four erythrodermic patients without blisters and from a healthy normal volunteer, as controls, failed to demonstrate detectable circulating IgF autoantibodies. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed that both patients with erythrodermic BP had circulating IgG autoantibodies which recognized, to varying degrees, the same 230 and 180 kDa BP antigens as recognized by sera from two patients with immunopathologically proven generalized BP. Sera from four erythrodermic patients without blisters and from a healthy normal volunteer, as controls, failed to recognize any specific polypeptides. These observations demonstrate that erythrodermic BP is a distinct clinical variant of BP.
Safety and feasibility of a strategy of early central venous catheter insertion in a deployed UK military Ebola virus disease treatment unit
Authors: P. S. C. Rees, L. E. M. Lamb, T. C. Nicholson-Roberts, C. N. Ardley, M. S. Bailey, D. E. Hinsley, T. E. Fletcher, S. J. Dickson
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
P2-319: Taxotere as salvage chemotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC who have failed or relapsed after the gefitinib target treatment
Authors: Yi-Long Wu, Jin-Ji Yang, Yu-Juang Huang, Ri-Qiang Liao, Qin Zhou, Yi-Sheng Huang, Chong-Rui Xu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Ambulatory Abortion: Experience with 26,000 Cases (July 1, 1970, to August 1, 1971)
Authors: Bernard N. Nathanson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract Since a liberalized abortion law became effective in New York State on July 1, 1970, the Center for Reproductive and Sexual Health, Incorporated, has performed 26,000 first-trimester ambulatory abortions by the vacuum aspiration technic under paracervical-block anesthesia. There were no known deaths in this series, and the complication rate compares favorably with that reported from elsewhere in New York State and the Eastern European countries. Preabortlon counseling using paraprofessional personnel and the training of these paraprofessionals to perform the duties of a procedure-room circulating nurse has been successful. Analysis of the 13 months' experience demonstrates that the use of hospital facilities for abortion is probably unnecessary except for a relatively small number of women who have coexisting medical, surgical, gynecologic or psychiatric abnormalities.
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Does Black Ethnicity Influence the Development of Stent Thrombosis in the Drug-Eluting Stent Era?”
Authors: Sara D. Collins, Rebecca Torguson, Michael A. Gaglia, Gilles Lemesle, Asmir I. Syed, Itsik Ben-Dor, Yanlin Li, Gabriel Maluenda, Kimberly Kaneshige, Zhenyi Xue, Kenneth M. Kent, Augusto D. Pichard, William O. Suddath, Lowell F. Satler, Ron Waksman
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Transport of Life in the Frozen or Dried State
Authors: A. S. Parkes, A. U. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1959)

We received with keen appreciation the invitation to contribute a paper on space transport of life in the frozen state to the Space Medicine Symposium, but we accepted with diffidence.We felt we had some knowledge of the biological effects of freezing, but we hesitated to stick our neck out into space.We did what could be done in a few days by consuming a heavy meal of space literature, much of it written by distinguished members of the British Interplanetary Society.Even so, our contribution relates to biology rather than to medicine, and to the planet Earth rather than to space.Moreover, it deals only with the freezing and drying of living organisms.The justifica- tion for the inclusion of the dried state is, firstly, that
The Pathology of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Richard L. Reece
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Among books on diabetes, only a few help pathologists to solve problems with tissues and to correlate structure with function. This is one of them. Its authors, pathologists at the New England Deaconess Hospital and the Harvard Medical School, have produced a compact volume. Through exacting scholarship and discerning selection, they put much information into little space.  What makes the book particularly useful for pathologists are its illustrations. These include 31 photomicrographs in color and 11 photographs taken through an electron microscope. The pictures are sharp with good contrast, and they show clearly what the captions say they do. The book also contains three helpful appendices. The first of these summarizes autopsy and staining methods in 13 pages; the second is a table which lists the causes of death in 1,854 diabetic autopsies; and the third tabulates the causes of death in 25,460 diabetic patients at the Joslin Clinic.  This
Caring for larger lists.
Authors: J. J. Frey
Journal: BMJ (1992)

stantiated by the Canadian study."The Canadian the cardiac arrest to the start of resuscitation 2 Brooks N. Trhe effectiveness of post-acute rehabilitation.Brain findings were qualitatively similar to those from was over five minutes.On arrival at the hospital Inj'ury 1991;5:103-10.3Cope DN, Cole JR, Hall KM, Barkan H. Brain injury: analysis of the European trial, their combined results sug-the patient had no pulse, was not breathing outcome in a post-acute rehabilitation system.IPart 1: General gesting an excess fetal loss rate of 3-2% (95% spontaneously, felt cold, and had fixed dilated analysis.Brain Injurv 1991;5:111-26.confidence interval 0-3% to 6-2%) in those investi-pupils.Further resuscitation was continued in line 4 Cope DN, Cole JR, Hall KM, Barkan H. Brain in'jury: analysis chorioic vilus samling cmparedwith wth guielinesof theResusctationCounci.The f outcme in post-cute rhabiliationt ystem.Parte 2 gated by coincvlusapigcmaewih wtgudlnsothReucttoConl.Te
THE RELATIVE VALUE OF CLINICAL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL KNOWLEDGE TO THAT OF THE LABORATORY.
Authors: F. B. EATON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The knowledge gained by clinical experience is acquired in quite a different manner from that through the laboratory. Generally, in the laboratory, a definite and inflexible end is pursued, and more or less established methods followed. Clinical knowledge and experience, on the contrary, are acquired by daily and hourly individualized observation. The knowledge and wisdom of Marion Sims and O'Dwyer, for instance, were acquired by patient, persistent clinical observation and experiment of an individual character, while that of the laboratory student is the result of following, too often, the beaten path blazed by original investigators. It is an old and hackneyed aphorism that in human affairs the pendulum never rests at zero, but swings now to this, now to that extreme, and so slowly at times that its movement is hardly realized. We are all aware that just now in medicine and surgery it swings toward an exploitation of the
ZD6474 induces growth arrest and apoptosis of human leukemia cells, which is enhanced by concomitant use of a novel MEK inhibitor, AZD6244
Authors: C Nishioka, T Ikezoe, A Takeshita, J Yang, T Tasaka, Y Yang, Y Kuwayama, N Komatsu, K Togitani, H P Koeffler, H Taguchi
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Production and localization of 92-kilodalton gelatinase in abdominal aortic aneurysms. An elastolytic metalloproteinase expressed by aneurysm-infiltrating macrophages.
Authors: R W Thompson, D R Holmes, R A Mertens, S Liao, M D Botney, R P Mecham, H G Welgus, W C Parks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by disruption and degradation of the elastic media, yet the elastolytic proteinases involved and their cellular sources are undefined. We examined if 92-kD gelatinase, an elastolytic matrix metalloproteinase, participates in the pathobiology of AAA. Gelatin zymography of conditioned medium from normal, atheroocclusive disease (AOD), or AAA tissues in organ culture showed that all tissues produced 72-kD gelatinase. AOD and AAA cultures also secreted 92-kD gelatinase, but significantly more enzyme was released from AAA tissues. ELISA confirmed that AAA tissues released approximately 2-fold more 92-kD gelatinase than AOD tissue and approximately 10-fold more than normal aorta. Phorbol ester induced a 5.3-fold increase in 92-kD gelatinase secretion by normal aorta and AOD and an 11.5-fold increase by AAA. By immunohistochemistry, 92-kD gelatinase was not detected in normal aorta and was only occasionally seen within the neointimal lesions of AOD tissue. In all AAA specimens, however, 92-kD gelatinase was readily localized to numerous macrophages in the media and at the adventitial-medial junction. The expression of 92-kD gelatinase mRNA by aneurysm-infiltrating macrophages was confirmed by in situ hybridization. These results demonstrate that diseased aortic tissues secrete greater amounts of gelatinolytic activity than normal aorta primarily due to increased production of 92-kD gelatinase. In addition, the localization of 92-kD gelatinase to macrophages in the damaged wall of aneurysmal aortas suggests that chronic release of this elastolytic metalloproteinase contributes to extracellular matrix degradation in AAA.
Downregulation of cell adhesion molecules LFA-3 and ICAM-1 in Epstein-Barr virus-positive Burkitt's lymphoma underlies tumor cell escape from virus-specific T cell surveillance.
Authors: C D Gregory, R J Murray, C F Edwards, A B Rickinson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Some EBV+ BL cell lines continue to grow as single cells on in vitro passage, show an unusually restricted expression of EBV-latent genes and retain a BL biopsy-like cell surface phenotype (group I/II lines); others change to growth in aggregates, show a broader pattern of virus latent gene expression, and develop a cell surface phenotype more characteristic of EBV-transformed LCL (group III lines). Here we show that the cell surface adhesion molecules LFA-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3 are expressed at very low levels, if at all, on group I/II lines and are coordinately upregulated as BL lines move towards group III. The change to growth in aggregates reflects the increasing availability of LFA-1 and ICAM-1, the two ligands whose mutual interaction underlies homotypic BL cell adhesion in vitro. The low levels of ICAM-1 and LFA-3 on group I/II BL cell lines are also associated with an impaired ability to interact with EBV-specific CTL in the antigen-independent phase of effector/target conjugation. mAb blocking studies show that the small number of conjugates that are formed with group I/II BL targets involve the LFA-1/ICAM-1 adhesion pathway but not the LFA-3 pathway; in contrast, both pathways contribute to the efficient conjugate formation shown by group III BL or LCL targets. Earlier work identified one group III line, WW1 BL, as unusual since is expressed the full spectrum of EBV-latent proteins yet remained insensitive to lysis by EBV-specific CTL. Here we show that this line has an anomalous pattern of adhesion molecule expression with high levels of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in the absence of detectable LFA-3. The WW1 BL cells form conjugates with EBV-specific CTL through the LFA-1/ICAM-1 pathway, but in the absence of a target LFA-3/effector CD2 interaction these conjugates do not achieve target cell lysis. This may reflect an important role for target LFA-3 molecules in activating EBV-specific CTL function. From these in vitro studies, we postulate that downregulation of the adhesion molecules LFA-3 and ICAM-1 on EBV+ BL underlies the ability of the malignant clone to evade EBV-specific T cell surveillance in vivo.
Tobacco Control and Free Speech — An American Dilemma
Authors: Ronald Bayer, Matthew Kelly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

With a court challenge to the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, the stage is set for the struggle between those who believe that protecting the public health warrants stringent limits on commercial expression and those who warn that any chink in the armor of First Amendment protection threatens U.S. democracy. Ronald Bayer and Matthew Kelly discuss the ethical questions.
Hemostasis in malignancy
Authors: Sucha Nand, Harry Messmore
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Hemostatic abnormalities are present in a majority of patients with metastatic cancer. These abnormalities can be categorized as 1) increased platelet aggregation and activation, 2) abnormal activation of coagulation cascade, 3) release of plasminogen activator, and 4) decreased hepatic synthesis of anticoagulant proteins like Protein C and antithrombin III. The abnormal activation of coagulation cascade is mediated through release of Tissue Factor, Factor X activators, and other miscellaneous procoagulants from the plasma membrane vesicles of tumor cells. Macrophages of a tumor‐bearing host also produce increased amounts of Tissue Factor. Production of Factor X activators and macrophage Tissue Factor is decreased by warfarin. The ability of the tumor cells to produce platelet‐aggregating activity and plasminogen activator parallels their metastatic potential in animal and experimental systems. These studies also show that antiplatelet agents and antibodies against plasminogen activator can suppress the metastatic process. One or more laboratory abnormalities of hemostasis can be shown in up to 95% of patients with metastatic cancer. These abnormalities, however, are unable to predict subsequent development of thromboembolic or hemorrhagic complications. Clinical complications occur in 9–15% of the patients in the form of thrombotic or hemorrhagic disorders. The therapy of tumor‐related coagulopathy should be guided by its clinical expression. Subclinical DIC should not be treated. Coumadin is generally ineffective for therapy of thrombosis in cancer patients. There is no consensus regarding the use of heparin in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The defibrination in APL may be from disseminated intravascular coagulation as well as systemic fibrinolysis, as shown by decreased alpha 2 antiplasmin levels. In such cases, epsilon aminocaproic acid plus heparin therapy may be of benefit.
SPECT/CT to diagnose pleuroperitoneal communication-associated hydrothorax in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Kei Nishiyama, Kenji Fukushima, Tohaku Jo, Takayuki Miyai, Shoichiro Kanda, Noriko Sugawara, Kiyonobu Ishizuka, Hiroko Chikamoto, Yuko Akioka, Motoshi Hattori
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Congressional staff are briefed on methamphetamine
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Gay and bisexual men who are infected with HIV are twice as likely to use the drug methamphetamine as the population at large, Congressional staff heard at a briefing this week.

Perry Halkitis, a researcher at New York University, told the Capitol Hill briefing that one myth about the drug was that it was used primarily by white people. Pointing to survey data from several US cities, he said, “This is a drug that cuts across racial and ethnic lines within the gay and straight populations.”

Dr Halkitis conducted detailed interviews with dedicated users of gyms in New York city and found that nearly 25% of these men had used …
On Chip Analysis of CNS Lymphoma in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Anna Turetsky, Kyungheon Lee, Jun Song, Randy J. Giedt, Eunha Kim, Alexandra E. Kovach, Ephraim P. Hochberg, Cesar M. Castro, Hakho Lee, Ralph Weissleder
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

Molecular profiling of central nervous system lymphomas in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples can be challenging due to the paucicellular and limited nature of the samples.Presented herein is a microfluidic platform for complete CSF lymphoid cell analysis, including single cell capture in sub-nanoliter traps, and molecular and chemotherapeutic response profiling via on-chip imaging, all in less than one hour.The system can detect scant lymphoma cells and quantitate their kappa/lambda immunoglobulin light chain restriction patterns.The approach can be further customized for measurement of additional biomarkers, such as those for differential diagnosis of lymphoma subtypes or for prognosis, as well as for imaging exposure to experimental drugs.
Therapy for hypertension. How much of what drug for whom?
Authors: J. A. Ingelfinger
Journal: JAMA (1977)

WHICH hypertensive patients should be treated? How far should blood pressure be lowered? Which drugs should be used? Physicians have been offered answers to these questions in the recent recommendations of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.<sup>1</sup>The Committee, charged with determining who might benefit from antihypertensive therapy, has issued reasonable and practical recommendations based on its assessment of the benefits, risks, and cost of antihypertensive therapy. However, the Committee failed to distinguish between therapeutic recommendations that have produced beneficial results in actual clinical trials and recommendations that have not received such empirical validation. <h3>Whom to Treat?</h3> "Virtually all patients with diastolic pressures of 105 mm Hg or higher should be treated with antihypertensive drugs" because "drug treatment reduces morbidity and mortality in such patients." As evidence for this recommendation, the Joint National Committee cites the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study.<sup>2</sup>As
Is there a comparative psychology of implicit mathematical knowledge?
Authors: Hank Davis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Geary suggests that implicit mathematical principles exist across human cultures and transcend sex differences. Is such knowledge present in animals as well, and is it sufficient to account for performance in all species, including our own? I attempt to trace the implications of Gearys target article for comparative psychology, questioning the exclusion of “subitizing” in describing human mathematical performance, and asking whether human researchers function as cultural agents with animals, elevating their implicit knowledge to secondary domains of numerical performance.
Efficacy of standardised manual therapy and home exercise programme for chronic rotator cuff disease: randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: K. Bennell, E. Wee, S. Coburn, S. Green, A. Harris, M. Staples, A. Forbes, R. Buchbinder
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate the efficacy of a programme of manual therapy and exercise treatment compared with placebo treatment delivered by physiotherapists for people with chronic rotator cuff disease. <b>Design</b> Randomised, participant and single assessor blinded, placebo controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Metropolitan region of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. <b>Participants</b> 120 participants with chronic (&gt;3 months) rotator cuff disease recruited through medical practitioners and from the community. <b>Interventions</b> The active treatment comprised a manual therapy and home exercise programme; the placebo treatment comprised inactive ultrasound therapy and application of an inert gel. Participants in both groups received 10 sessions of individual standardised treatment over 10 weeks. For the following 12 weeks, the active group continued the home exercise programme and the placebo group received no treatment. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcomes were pain and function measured by the shoulder pain and disability index, average pain on movement measured on an 11 point numerical rating scale, and participants’ perceived global rating of overall change. <b>Results</b> 112 (93%) participants completed the 22 week trial. At 11 weeks no difference was found between groups for change in shoulder pain and disability index (3.6, 95% confidence interval −2.1 to 9.4) or change in pain (0.7, −0.1 to 1.5); both groups showed significant improvements. More participants in the active group reported a successful outcome (defined as “much better”), although the difference was not statistically significant: 42% (24/57) of active participants and 30% (18/61) of placebo participants (relative risk 1.43, 0.87 to 2.34). The active group showed a significantly greater improvement in shoulder pain and disability index than did the placebo group at 22 weeks (between group difference 7.1, 0.3 to 13.9), although no significant difference existed between groups for change in pain (0.9, −0.03 to 1.7) or for the percentage of participants reporting a successful treatment outcome (relative risk 1.39, 0.94 to 2.03). Several secondary outcomes favoured the active group, including shoulder pain and disability index function score, muscle strength, interference with activity, and quality of life. <b>Conclusion</b> A standardised programme of manual therapy and home exercise did not confer additional immediate benefits for pain and function compared with a realistic placebo treatment that controlled for therapists’ contact in middle aged to older adults with chronic rotator cuff disease. However, greater improvements were apparent at follow-up, particularly in shoulder function and strength, suggesting that benefits with active treatment take longer to manifest. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical trials NCT00415441.