tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INFARCTS OF THE KIDNEY
Authors: George Halperin
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —From reading the paper by J. Dellinger Barney and E. Ross Mintz entitled "Infarcts of the Kidney" (The Journal, January 7), the reader would get the impression that no exact knowledge on the subject existed from the time of the classic contribution of Traube in 1856 until the paper of Dr. Ashner in 1922. The authors point out that "the literature is comparatively scanty." In a paper entitled "Clinical Manifestations of Hemorrhagic Renal Infarct: Review of Literature and Report of a Case," published in the<i>Archives of Internal Medicine</i>in April, 1908, I reviewed the then existing ten cases in the universal literature, to which I added my own case. I may be pardoned an author's vanity in expressing the belief that my paper possesses an historical interest because it was the first in the English language and the first in American literature to deal with the
Different Treatment Benefit for Luminal A and Luminal B Advanced Breast Cancinomas Receiving Aromatase Inhibitors.
Authors: M. Ruiz-Borrego, A. Moreno, J. Salvador, F. Carabantes, M. Torregrosa, T. Olmos, J. Martinez, J. de la Haba, M. Valero, E. Martinez, A. Santaballa, R. Hernández, A. Murias, A. Tortorella, C. Guzmán, J. Palacios
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are indicated for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor (HR) positive metastatic breast cancer. However, at present the only predictive markers associated to AI response is estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Gene expression profiling of breast cancer has identified two biologically ER-positive subtypes of breast cancer: luminal A and luminal B. Luminal B tumors have higher proliferation and poorer prognosis than luminal A tumors. In this study, we analyzed a clinically practical immunohistochemistry assay based on ER, progesterone receptor (PR), Ki67 and HER2 expression to distinguish luminal B from luminal A tumors and investigated its ability to separate tumors according to AI response.Methods and Results. 41 women with HR positive metastatic breast cancer receiving AIs for their advanced disease have been enrolled in this study. Median age was 67 years (range, 39-84). 71% (29 of 41) of patients have received prior adjuvant therapy for their primary breast cancer. 41% of patients developed visceral disease and 58% of patients non visceral disease. 66% (27 of 41) of patients did not receive other prior treatment to the AI for their metastatic disease. 38 patients have received Exemestane and 3 patients Letrozol. Median duration of treatment was.7.9 months (range 1.2-31). Median follow up of patients was more than one year (14 months (range 1.2- 39.5).Best response to the treatment in 37 evaluated patients was: 11% PRs (CI95%: 0.3-21.3), 2.7% CR (CI95%: 0.0-8.2) and 76% of SD (CI95%: 61.2-90.2); 70% of SD ³ 6 months. Clinical benefit (PR+CR+SD) was 89.2% (CI95%: 78.7-99.7).Treatment benefit depending on the molecular subtype has been evaluated at present in 26 patients. 17 cases were classified as luminal B defined as ER and/or PR low expression levels (Allred score for ER or PR equal or less than 4) and/or Ki67 equal or higher than 15%, and/or HER2-positive. 9 cases were classified as luminal A (Allred score for ER and PR equal or higer.than 5, KI67 lower than 15% and HER2-negative). Although this number of cases is still small, median time to progression seems to be lower in those patients belonging to the luminal B subgroup (303 vs. 496 days) (p=0.1785; RR=2.396)Conclusion: Although analysis of more cases is still awaited, preliminary data from this small exploratory study suggest that the benefit with AIs is lower in those patients whose tumors belong to the luminal B molecular subtype. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5141.
Abstract 457: Hypoxia-mediated upregulation of Pim-1 contributes to tumor survival
Authors: Jian Chen, Masanobu Kobayashi, Stephanie Darmanin, Yi Qiao, Christopher Gully, Ruiying Zhao, Satoshi Kondo, Hua Wang, Huamin Wang, Sai-Ching Jim Yeung, Mong-Hong Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: The proto-oncogene pim-1 regulates apoptosis and the cell cycle by phosphorylating target proteins. Overexpression of Pim-1 can cause genomic instability and contribute to lymphomagenesis. Tumor hypoxia directly promotes genomic instability and changes the responses of cancer cells to many chemotherapy agents, resulting in chemoresistance. It is not clear whether Pim-1 is involved in hypoxia-mediated tumor survival and drug resistance. Result: (1) Hypoxia stabilize Pim-1 by preventing its ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation and cause Pim-1 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. (2) Overexpression of Pim-1 increases NIH3T3 cell transformation exclusively under hypoxia, suggesting that Pim-1 expression under hypoxia may be implicated in the transformation process of solid tumors. (3) Introduction of dominant negative Pim-1 resensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to apoptosis induced by glucose-deprivation under hypoxia. Also, administration of siRNAs for Pim-1 resensitizes cancer cells to glucose deprivation under hypoxic conditions, while over-expression of Pim-1 causes solid tumor cells to become resistant to glucose deprivation. (4) Dominant negative Pim-1 reduces tumorigenicity and sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cells and HeLa xenograft mouse models. Conclusions: Our studies indicate that Pim-1 plays a distinct role in solid tumor formation and chemoresistance, implying that Pim-1 may be a novel target for cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 457.
Comparison of a Single Infusion of Zoledronic Acid with Risedronate for Paget's Disease
Authors: Ian R. Reid, Paul Miller, Kenneth Lyles, William Fraser, Jacques P. Brown, Youssef Saidi, Peter Mesenbrink, Guoqin Su, Judy Pak, Ken Zelenakas, Monica Luchi, Peter Richardson, David Hosking
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The advent of bisphosphonates advanced therapy for Paget's disease, but more effective and convenient agents are needed to increase adherence. Zoledronic acid, a bisphosphonate administered as a single intravenous infusion, might meet these needs.
Caesarean Section in Infected Cases: A SERIES OF FORTY-FIVE CAESAREAN SECTIONS IN INFECTED OR POTENTIALLY INFECTED CASES, WITH NO MATERNAL MORTALITY
Authors: M. M. Basden
Journal: BMJ (1936)

iRAYSMEDICAL JOURNA_ symptom in Dercum's disease.Injection of pituitary gla-nd extract and oral administration of thyroid gland
HIV infection and tuberculosis.
Authors: R Zangerle, P Fritsch, D Fuchs, H Wachter
Journal: BMJ (1990)

attendance of those invited was poor.The resulta reduction of population mortality from breast cancer of 29% in women aged 55 plus-despite the poor attendance is actually most impressive for this seven year (relatively early) analysis of results.It is in line with those of the other randomised trials of screening in Scandinavia and New York.
Enrollment of Older Patients in Cancer Treatment Trials in Canada: Why is Age a Barrier?
Authors: Karen W.L. Yee, Joseph L. Pater, Lam Pho, Benny Zee, Lillian L. Siu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To evaluate the enrollment of older patients (≥ 65 years) in Canadian cancer treatment trials and compare accrual of older patients in Canada and the United States. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the number of older patients enrolled in National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) treatment trials between 1993 and 1996 was performed. These rates were compared with the corresponding rates in the general population of patients who were ≥ 65 years old and had cancer, obtained from Statistics Canada, and those published by the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) in the United States. Results: Between 1993 and 1996, 4,174 patients were enrolled onto 69 NCIC CTG trials of 16 tumor types. Older patients accounted for 22% of trial enrollees, compared with 58% of the Canadian population with cancer. This discrepancy existed in all cancer types except for multiple myeloma. The percentages of older patients enrolled were also analyzed by study type: 15% in adjuvant trials, 25% in metastatic trials, 29% in investigational new drug trials, 24% in phase I trials, and 21% in supportive care trials. The overall proportion of older patients enrolled onto Canadian trials (22%) was slightly lower than that in SWOG trials (25%). Conclusion: Age remains a barrier for accrual onto cancer treatment trials, even when reimbursement is not an issue. Strategies to overcome this barrier, including the implementation of trials specifically tailored to patients aged ≥ 65 years, are prudent in light of our aging population.
β2-Adrenergic receptor overexpression driven by α-MHC promoter is downregulated in hypertrophied and failing myocardium
Authors: D Sheridan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: The α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) promoter is frequently used to direct cardiac specific transgene expression. We studied whether transgene expression controlled by this promoter was altered under conditions of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Methods: Transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing human β2-adrenergic receptors (β2AR) and wild type (WT) controls were subjected to thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation and studied at 1, 3 and 8 weeks after surgery. Results: Sham operated TG mice had higher heart rates and left ventricular (LV) contractility than WT (all P<0.01), demonstrating enhanced βAR activation. TAC at 1, 3 and 8 weeks produced progressive LV hypertrophy which was similar between WT and TG mice. Evidence of heart failure was more marked in TG mice with a greater increase in weights of the right ventricle and lungs and a higher prevalence of atrial thrombus (P<0.05 in each case). In hypertrophied TG hearts, endogenous α-MHC mRNA transcripts in LV were maintained at 1 and 3 weeks, but were reduced by approximately 40% relative to the sham-operated group at 8 weeks after TAC. Transgene expression, measured as human β2AR mRNA, was reduced by 45% at 1 and 3 weeks and by 70% at 8 weeks after TAC. β2AR binding sites were reduced by 35, 47 and 65%, respectively, at 1, 3 and 8 weeks. Conclusion: Cardiac hypertrophy and failure cause downregulation of the endogenous α-MHC as well as cardiac specific overexpression of the transgene directed by an α-MHC promoter.
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON MELLARIL IN EPILEPSY
Authors: MARIE M. FRAIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

1. Mellaril is a smooth acting, efficient therapeutic agent in the treatment of the psychotic patient. 2. Nausea is not masked. 3. Side effects in this study have been negligible. 4. Mellaril proceeds to aid psychotics with their behavioral problems over and beyond what thorazine is able to do. 5. Fewer accidents reported during the 6 month period. 6. Relatives visit chronic epileptics more often and receive greater pleasure from visiting, since all patients have been maintained, improved, or markedly improved.
The Poor Quality of Early Evaluations of MRI
Authors: Robert N. Berk, Stanley S. Siegelman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article in<i>JAMA</i>entitled "The Poor Quality of Early Evaluations of Magnetic Resonance Imaging," Cooper et al<sup>1</sup>purport to show that articles published in the literature between 1980 and 1984 on the clinical efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are seriously flawed by the lack of proper quantitative methods. They studied 54 articles published during this time for evidence of research planning, appropriate use of terms (sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and accuracy), presentation of a gold standard, randomization of tests, blinding of the interpreter, and statistical analysis. We believe that these early descriptive studies of MRI were not of "poor quality"; they achieved their limited goals. Most were preliminary works whose purpose was to assess the feasibility of examining patients, to determine optimal techniques, to describe the range of appearances of normal structures, and to develop diagnostic criteria for the presence or absence of
Extended Duration of Efficacy of Vardenafil When Taken 8 Hours Before Intercourse: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Hartmut Porst, Ira D. Sharlip, Dimitris Hatzichristou, Eusebio Rubio-Aurioles, Marc Gittelman, Britt-Nicole Stancil, Peter M. Smith, H. Jeffrey Wilkins, Peter Pommerville
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Bone marrow transplantation without myeloablative conditioning in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency pre-treated with PEG-ADA
Authors: E.T. Chu, R. Shames, E.G. Loewy, M.S. Hershfield, M.J. Cowan, D.T. Umetsu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
A1.52 TLR-Dependent XBP1 activation induces an autocrine loop in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Lylia Ouboussad, Sinisa Savic, Laura J Dickie, Janina Hintze, Chi Wong, Graham P Cook, Maya H Buch, Paul Emery, Michael F McDermott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polygenic disorder usually arising from combined genetic predisposition and environmental influences with associated dysfunctional immune responses. The X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) transcription factor is a central regulator of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. It is induced via activation of the IRE1 stress sensor as part of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and has been implicated in several diseases processes including RA. XBP1 can also be activated in direct response to Toll-like Receptor (TLR) ligation independently of the UPR but the pathogenic significance of this mode of XBP1 activation is not well understood. Our aim was to investigate the relevance of interactions between UPR and TLR signalling pathways in the serum and synovial fibroblasts (SFs) of patients with RA, using samples from healthy individuals and patients with osteoarthritis (OA) as controls <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from control groups: healthy individuals (n = 24) and RA patients, comprising active disease (n = 47) and remission (n = 12). SFs from RA and OA patients were isolated by digestion of synovial biopsies. Gene expression profiling was performed using qPCR for the detection of sXBP1 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to quantify levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF. siRNA targeting of XBP1 was used for knockdown experiments in SFs. <h3>Results</h3> We investigated the expression of ER stress response genes in patients with active RA and patients in remission. We show that TLR-dependent XBP1 activation is operative in the SFs of patients with active RA. The active (spliced) form of (s)XBP1 was significantly overexpressed in the active RA group compared to healthy controls and patients in remission (p = 0.01). Paradoxically, expression of nine other ER stress response genes was reduced in active RA compared to patients in remission, suggestive of a UPR-independent process. However, sXBP1 was induced in SFs by TLR4 and TLR2 stimulation, resulting in sXBP1-dependent IL-6 and TNF production. We also show that TNF itself induces sXBP1 in SFs, thus generating a potential feedback loop for sustained activation of these cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> sXBP1 plays a central role in two different cellular processes that may first appear unconnected. However, linking inflammatory pathways with ER stress provides SFs with a timely, coordinated and protective response. XBP1 activation may therefore be a suitable target in the treatment of RA, since it forms a cornerstone of two different molecular processes implicated in the pathogenesis of RA.
Alonzo Smythe Yerby, MD
Authors: Peter Baniak
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Systematic Review of the Interobserver Variability for Histology in the Differentiation between Squamous and Nonsquamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Daniel C. Paech, Adèle R. Weston, Nick Pavlakis, Anthony Gill, Narayan Rajan, Helen Barraclough, Bronwyn Fitzgerald, Maximiliano Van Kooten
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Poverty and Mental Illness: Patients' Perceptions of Poverty As an Etiological Factor in Their Illness
Authors: NORMAN Q. BRILL, RAYMOND WEINSTEIN, JOHN GARRATT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Fifty-nine percent of a state hospital sample of patients reported having experienced poverty. Social class was found to be inversely related to the experience of poverty but not to the feeling that it contributed to one's illness. Patients from higher social classes at times associated their illness with poverty more than did patients from lower social classes. However, patients experiencing poverty only in adult life reported that it contributed to their illness most often—more often than patients poor all their lives and much more often than patients poor only in childhood.
Serum immunoconglutinin levels in human amyloidosis and myelomatosis.
Authors: T J Muckle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1968)

MaterialSheep blood was collected into one fifth volume of standard solution of acid-citrate-dextrose.Horse sera as a source of conglutinating complement, and bovine sera for the natural Forssman antibody to sheep red i31 copyright.
Christmas Disease and Color Blindness in the Amish.
Authors: Robert L. Wall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Christmas Disease and Color Blindness in the Amish.Robert L. Wall, M.D., F.A.C.P., John McConnell, M.S., Delma Moore, R.N., M.T.Robert L. Wall, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, John McConnell, M.S.Search for more papers by this author, Delma Moore, R.N., M.T.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1088_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe Amish are a religious sect having a stable inbred population unchanged in recent years by additions to the sect by immigration and rarely by non-Amish marriage. They represent a unique group for genetic study. Christmas disease (Factor IX deficiency) has been observed in this kindred as well as deutan color blindness.A large kindred arising from a marriage of 1875, now numbering over 600 individuals, contains the Christmas disease patients. Over 500 of this family have been bled for assay of Factor IX by a modification of Ratnoff's partial thromboplastin method, tested for color blindness, and typed for the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Columbus, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1088-1088KeywordsBlindnessGeneticsHemophilia B Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Importance of a healthy environment.
Authors: F Godlee, A Walker
Journal: BMJ (1991)

heads of agreement and not just hours of work.If satisfactory solutions are not found because of a shortage of money task forces can report this directly to the ministerial group, which will continue to meet every six months; the government will have to find the necessary resources.Responsibility for providing information on all aspects of the agreement now lies partly with junior doctors.The BMA has sent its junior members a booklet explaining the new deal in detail, what information is required, and whom to contact for help.6The Secretary of State for Health said when the deal was launched that the resources to achieve the hours deal would be made available.The aspects of the agreement I have referred to must be seen as part of a package of measures which, if implemented with the agreed hours' reductions, should result in improved patient care, improved training for juniors, more efficient working, and perhaps even a few more hot meals at night.1 NHS Management Executive.Junior doctors.The netW deal.
European industry group publishes code on medical conferences
Authors: E. Sukkar
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The European drug industry has created a grading system for medical education conferences to help steer drug companies away from sponsoring or participating in those that are considered lavish or inappropriate. 

The database, available on www.efpia-e4ethics.eu, was set up by the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). 

Jose Zamarriego, head of the code of practice surveillance unit at Farmaindustria, the Spanish industry association, has worked closely on the project for the past eight months. He said, “One of the aims of the scheme is to help the pharmaceutical industry build trust and credibility with healthcare professionals through transparency. It is one step forward.” 

The database has assessments of more than 100 upcoming conferences, and a further 250 events are to be assessed by the …
Hemoglobin a<sub>1C</sub>— Infatuation or the Real Thing?
Authors: David M. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The clinician's romance with newly introduced tests in medicine follows a predictable course. Initially greeted with unfettered enthusiasm, the tests are subjected to further scrutiny and their relative worth determined. Weaker tests are supplanted by stronger, more useful tests that become firmly established in clinical practice.Experience with assays for glycosylated hemoglobin has followed a similar course. The recognition that minor hemoglobin fractions, identified by agar-gel electrophoresis or ion-exchange chromatography, were elevated in patients with diabetes1 led to the characterization of these minor fractions as combinations of glucose and hemoglobin formed by post-translational modification.2 The mathematical relation between hemoglobin A . . .