tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Voluntary and involuntary components in saccade and attention control
Authors: Burkhart Fischer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

This commentary considers experimental material – some new, some from earlier studies – challenging the model presented by Findlay &amp; Walker. It concentrates on the role of voluntary and involuntary visual attention versus fixation in saccade control and on the generation of antisaccades, reflexive prosaccades, and corrective saccades. The data of a large number of subjects are presented to show the systematic relationship between voluntary saccade generation, error production, and error correction in an antisaccade task.
Points: Scrum-pox caused by herpes simplex virus
Authors: F Williams
Journal: BMJ (1980)

entitled to private practice, . . .which is an important part of their income. . . .Private hospitals occupy an important position in the health service, and without their facilities it is unlikely that the state system could operate without substantial delays and waiting lists....There is peaceful coexistence between public and private systems; they operate side by side, without difficulty, and the Government gives every encouragement to citizens to use private facilities to the maximum.... Patients . . .who opt for private facilities receive a subsidy."(All the italics are mine.)These quotations are from a description of the health care system in the Irish Republic (by Mr R M Graham of the Voluntary Health Insurance Board in Dublin), which by coincidence reached me today also.The Englishman by tradition has derided the capability of the Irishman to think clearly.But it seems to me that the boot is on the other foot in this case.If any should say that this is all very well but such a sensible mixture of provision for those in need, with a subsidy for self-help, could not ever be accepted here, my reply is that there is abundant and consistent evidence, in repeated public opinion polls, that the majority-regardless of party or trade urion membership-are not ill disposed to a symbiotic health care system of this nature.
Increased Insulin Receptor Binding to Monocytes from Insulu-dependent Diabetic Patients After a Low-Fat, High-Starch, High-Fiber Diet
Authors: O Pedersen, E Hjøllund, H O Lindskov, P Helms, N S Sørensen, J Ditzel
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

To determine if the insulin sparing effect of a low-fat, high-starch, and high-fiber diet might be mediated through changes of cellular insulin receptor binding, we have in a clinically controlled diet study examined insulin receptors on erythrocytes and monocytes from 40 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes meilitus. Twenty diabetic subjects were treated with a weight-maintaining, low-fat, high-starch, and highfiber diet for 4 wk (alternative diet group) while a comparable group of another 20 diabetic subjects was treated with a conventional high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (control diet group). In the alternative diet group the intake of starch increased by 56% (P &amp;lt; 0.001) with unchanged intake of simple carbohydrates, the intake of indigestible carbohydrates (fibers) increased by 90% (P &amp;lt; 0.001), the intake of saturated fat was reduced by 32% (P &amp;lt; 0.01) with unchanged intake of polyunsaturated fat, and the cholesterol consumption decreased by 39% (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Food intake remained constant in the control diet group. During the first 2 wk after change of diet the patients in the alternative diet group had frequent clinical signs of increased insulin sensitivity (hypoglycemia) demanding significant reductions (about 25%) of insulin requirement (P &amp;lt; 0.005 after week 1 and P &amp;lt; 0.001 after weeks 2-4). In the same group of diabetic subjects insulin binding to monocytes at insulin tracer concentration increased 25% (P &amp;lt; 0.05) after week 2 and 34% (P &amp;lt; 0.01) after week 4. In contrast insulin receptors on erythrocytes were unchanged. Moreover, significant reductions were shown in fasting plasma concentrations of free insulin (P &amp;lt; 0.02 after weeks 3 and 4) and ketone bodies (P &amp;lt; 0.05 after week 3 and P &amp;lt; 0.01 after week 4), and fasting serum concentration of total cholesterol (P &amp;lt; 0.001 after weeks 2 and 4). No significant changes occurred in the alternative diet group in the following quantities: fasting plasma and 24-h urine glucose concentrations, percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting plasma concentrations of FFA, or fasting serum concentration of triglyceride. No significant changes in any of the measured variables were found in the control diet group. We conclude that the insulin sparing effect of a low-fat, high-starch, high-fiber diet in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects may be partly mediated through an increased insulin binding. Improved metabolic control was obtained as judged by the significant fall of the plasma concentration of ketone bodies while glycemia and glucosuria were unchanged.
Abstract 4548: The anti-proliferative activity of TAS-108 (a steroid anti-estrogen) is augmented by high ERβ levels in breast cancer cells
Authors: Ye-Hwang Cheong, Young J. Choi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: TAS-108 is an anti-estrogen that binds to both ERα and ERβ and has potent anti-proliferative activity in vitro and in vivo assay. Recently, the phase II clinical study of TAS-108 demonstrated competitive clinical benefits with decreased adverse effects. However, the molecular mechanism TAS-108 remains uncharacterized. Methods: Plasmids containing ERα or ERβ fused with N- and C-terminal fragments of firefly luciferase were constructed for split luciferase complementation assays. The resulting plasmids were transfected in HEK293 cells for 24 hr and TAS-108 was added to the media for 6 hr. For RT-qPCR of AREG and TFF1 and proliferation assay, ERβ was transfected in MCF7 cells for 24hr. The proliferation level was determined by measuring the fluorescent level induced by Prestoblue® reagent. Results: The split luciferase complementation assay demonstrates that TAS-108 increases ERα/β heterodimerization by ≈100-fold than ERα/α homodimerization. The potency of TAS-108 in MCF7 cells was increased significantly by the enforced expression of ERβ via transfection (MCF7-ERβ); 30nM TAS-108 was suitable to block the E2 mediated increases of AREG and TFF1 expression and significantly decreased proliferation of MCF7-ERβ. Conclusions: TAS-108 has a higher affinity for ERα/β heterodimerization than ERα/α homodimerization, and TAS-108 anti-proliferative activity is augmented by blocking the expression of E2-induced proliferative genes when coupled with increased levels of ERβ. Our findings underscore the molecular role of ERβ in the biology and suggest that promoting ERα/β heterodimerization may be an effective strategy to increase anti-tumor activity in breast cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Ye-Hwang Cheong, Young J. Choi. The anti-proliferative activity of TAS-108 (a steroid anti-estrogen) is augmented by high ERβ levels in breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4548. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4548
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/β-Catenin/T-Cell Factor 4/Matrix Metalloproteinase 1: A New Pathway for Regulating Keratinocyte Invasiveness after UVA Irradiation
Authors: Christine Jean, Amandine Blanc, Naïs Prade-Houdellier, Loïc Ysebaert, Hélène Hernandez-Pigeon, Talal Al Saati, Marie-José Haure, Addolorata-Maria-Luce Coluccia, Marie Charveron, Eric Delabesse, Guy Laurent
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Previous studies have established that UV irradiation results in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation in keratinocytes. However, the signaling pathways and cellular effects related to this process remain incompletely elucidated. Herein, we describe for the first time that UVA-mediated EGFR activation results in beta-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation at the Y654 residue responsible for the dissociation of E-cadherin/alpha-catenin/beta-catenin complexes. Moreover, UVA induces an EGFR-dependent, but Wnt-independent, beta-catenin relocalization from the membrane to the nucleus followed by its association with T-cell factor 4 (TCF4). This newly formed beta-catenin/TCF4 complex binds to a specific site on matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) promoter and governs MMP1 gene and protein expression, as well as cell migration in collagen and gelatin. Altogether, these results suggest that UVA stimulates keratinocyte invasiveness through two coordinated EGFR-dependent processes: loss of cell-to-cell contact due to beta-catenin/E-cadherin/alpha-catenin dissociation and increased cell migration through extracellular matrix component degradation due to beta-catenin/TCF4-dependent MMP1 regulation. These events may represent an important step in epidermis repair following UVA injury and their abnormal regulation could contribute to photoaging and photocarcinogenesis.
Development of an injectable, in situ crosslinkable, degradable polymeric carrier for osteogenic cell populations. Part 3. Proliferation and differentiation of encapsulated marrow stromal osteoblasts cultured on crosslinking poly(propylene fumarate)
Authors: Richard G. Payne, Joseph S. McGonigle, Michael J. Yaszemski, Alan W. Yasko, Antonios G. Mikos
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)
Pulmonary ventilation and mechanics in morbidly obese Zucker rats.
Authors: G A Farkas, E H Schlenker
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The obese Zucker rat, an autosomally genetic model of obesity, represents a good model of relatively early onset human obesity. Although factors associated with the control of metabolism and thermoregulation have been studied extensively in these animals, pulmonary mechanics and ventilation have not been documented and form the basis of this investigation. Studies were carried out in 16 obese and 18 lean female littermates (698 +/- 79 versus 304 +/- 24 g, p < 0.001). Pulmonary function, including lung volumes and respiratory system compliance, was evaluated in supine anesthetized animals. With the exception of residual volume, all other lung volumes, including function residual capacity, total lung capacity, expiratory reserve volume, and inspiratory capacity, were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 or better) in the obese phenotype compared with volumes in the lean littermates. Pressure-volume relationships of the intact respiratory system and the excised lung were also determined. Although lung compliance was similar between the phenotypes, respiratory system compliance was significantly lower (0.85 +/- 0.06 versus 0.67 +/- 0.09 ml/cm H2O, p < 0.01) in the obese rats. Oxygen consumption and ventilatory parameters (including respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation, inspiratory time, and expiratory time) were similar between phenotypes breathing room air, and the minute ventilation in response to hypoxia was similar in both groups. In marked contrast, obese animals exhibited a blunted ventilatory response to hypercapnia (221 +/- 38 versus 135 +/- 44 ml/min, p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Barium swallow and ultrasound in diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children
Authors: P I MacFarlane, V Miller
Journal: BMJ (1985)

should not deter other groups who want to see such a team established in their own area.It does make the point, however, that support teams need to be set up with great care, with adequate funding and proper commitment, if they are to be successful.There needs to be a single consultant in charge, with at least one other doctor and, wherever possible, a full time social worker plus at least two nursing sisters.We believe that the appointment of a single unsupported nurse, instead of a properly funded team, will inevitably prove a recipe for disaster.
DISCOVERY of the PARENTAL FORM of a BRITISH GUIANA BLOOD WORM
Authors: C. W. Daniels
Journal: BMJ (1898)

1 ;t --101 I -called " short forms " of B. diphtherise by the constant absence of polar granules and the intensity and evenness of etaining with methylene blue, and from any non-pathogenic, pseudo-diphtheria bacillus before described.'The fact that ordinary diphtheria antitoxin protects animals against an otherwise fatal dose of this bacillus would seem to -confirm these conclusions.The experiments with the blister serum, taken from cases in which the " atypical" forms were alone present, and by means of which guinea-pigs are protected against lethal doses of both " typical " and " atypical" forms, may add additional proof.It might here be mentioned that so far as experiments thus far made are concerned, the pathogenic and cultural characteristics of both "atypical" and " typical" forms do not vary with the time in the series of observations at which they were isolated.Thus cultures of both forms have shown bacilli not to be distinguished in morphology or pathogenesis from cultures isolated from the same cases some months either previously or later-A study of these cases shows, in addition to the long persistence of both " atypical " and " typical " forms of B. diphtherise, a recurrence of both, either alone or mixed, after a disappearance, evidenced by several successive negative exa- minations.A negative break in a long line] of positive examinations
Abstract 1404: An EGFR-Stat3-IL6 pathway contributes to NF1 tumor initiation and maintenance
Authors: Jianqiang Wu, Nancy Ratner
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Neurofibromas are incurable peripheral nerve tumors characteristic of Neurofibromatosis type 1. Development of effective neurofibroma therapies has been hindered by limited understanding of mechanisms underlying neurofibroma formation and growth. We used unbiased insertional mutagenesis screening to identify genes and signaling pathways that drive neurofibroma initiation and growth, and identified Stat3. Immunohistochemistry confirmed phosphorylated STAT3(P-Y705) in all human and mouse neurofibromas. Targeted genetic deletion of Stat3 in Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) and Schwann cells (SCs) significantly delayed neurofibroma formation, and in vitro analysis identified a role for Stat3 in SCP self-renewal and tumor initiation after xenografting. In vivo gain- and loss-of-function studies identified EGFR as the major upstream regulator of SCP P-Stat3. Downstream of P-Stat3, EGFR+ SCPs secreted IL-6, which activated SCPs and mature neurofibroma Schwann cells. Therefore, Stat3 plays a critical role in early SC lineage cells, promoting neurofibroma initiation. Jak/Stat might also play a role in neurofibroma maintenance, as a pharmacological Jak2/Stat3 inhibitor reduced Schwann cell and neurofibroma growth. The data support Jak/Stat as a novel neurofibroma driver pathway and JAK/STAT inhibition as a potential neurofibroma therapeutic strategy. Citation Format: Jianqiang Wu, Nancy Ratner. An EGFR-Stat3-IL6 pathway contributes to NF1 tumor initiation and maintenance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1404. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1404
Treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias with the cryoCor cryoablation system: Worldwide results
Authors: Luz-Maria Rodriguez, J. Christoph Geller, Hung-Fat Tse, Carl Timmermans, Sven Reek, Kathy Lai-Fun Lee, Gregory M. Ayers, Chu-Pak Lau, Helmut U. Klein, Harry J. Crijns
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract 136: hsa-miR-20a promotes tumorigenesis in ccRCC cancer cell lines
Authors: Vittal Kurisetty, Krisztina Kovacs, Tony Luongo, Jaime Merchan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Objective &amp; Background: We have previously reported specific microRNA profiles in renal cell cancer (RCC) cell lines in vitro (Kurisetty et al. AACR Annual Meeting 2010. A # 3045;). Among the miR signatures identified, miR-20a, a member of 17-92 Oncomir cluster, stood out as a highly upregulated miR in most RCC cell lines, regardless of their VHL status. The objectives of this study are to characterize the biological significance of miR 20A upregulation in RCC. Methods: ccRCC cell lines 786.O, ACHN and KV6 and HREC, were used for cell based biological/phenotypic assays. miRNA-gene target prediction analysis was performed using miRGEN and DIANA lab programs. miR-20a-Mimic (Mi) and miR-20a-Inhibitor (In) were transiently transfected into normal HREC cell line and RCC cell lines, respectively. Cell adhesion, proliferation, softagar colony formation and transwell invasion/migration assays were performed to investigate the influences of miR-20a-Mi/In transfected into normal and ccRCC cell lines. Conditioned medium from transfected cell lines was tested for its ability to induce in vitro angiogenesis in HUVECs. Western blotting was performed to identify the changes in E2F5 protein expression in the miR-20a-Mi/In transfected normal and ccRCC cell lines. Results: In normal HREC cells, upregulation of miR 20a (by miR-20a-Mi), significantly induced cell proliferation, adhesion, migration &amp; invasion and soft agar colony formation. miR-20a knock down in RCC cells (by miR-20a-In) significantly reduced cell proliferation, adhesion, migration &amp; invasion and colony formation to levels similar to non-malignant HREC cells. Prediction analyses through bioinformatics approaches identified E2F5, a transcription factor and a tumor suppressor of the E2F family of transcription factors, as a target of miR-20a. Compared to non-tumor HREC cells, E2F5 was significantly downregulated in RCC cell lines, and miR-20a inhibition enhanced E2F5 expression in cancer cells. miR-20a-Mi enhanced the ability of HREC conditioned medium to induce capillary formation in HUVECs. Conclusion: Our results suggest that miR-20a may promote the tumorigenic properties of RCC in vitro. Moreover, miR 20a may promote angiogenesis. We demonstrated that E2F5 is a target of miR 20a, is reduced in RCC cell lines, and its expression is enhanced by mir-20a inhibition, suggesting that E2F5 may mediate the tumor promoting effects of miR 20a. Molecular mechanisms of miR-20a function are currently being investigated further to understand its tumorigenic potential. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 136. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-136
Thyroid Supplements and Breast Cancer
Authors: Peter Sordillo
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The study by Drs Kapdi and Wolfe purporting to show an increased incidence of breast carcinoma among those taking thyroid supplements for thyroid disease has unfortunately produced a great deal of concern among physicians and patients. We feel that this report can be criticized in several particulars. The study used only patients referred for mammography and determined the incidence of breast carcinoma among those who gave a history of receiving thyroid supplements. Preselection is clearly implicit in this method of choosing patients. Part of the higher incidence of breast carcinoma in women receiving thyroid supplements could be explained by the fact that those so treated for presumed hypothyroidism or goiter would be expected to have frequent or regular follow-up visits. Those not receiving medication (and hence less closely observed) may have widely disseminated or clinically obvious breast cancer not necessitating mammography by the time they come to
TCT-705 Tethering Area is an Important Predictor of Recurrent Mitral Regurgitation Following the MitraClip Procedure
Authors: Wen Loong Yeow, Takashi Matsumoto, Asma Hussaini, Robert Siegel, Pooja Khanolkar, Alfredo Trento, Swaminatha V. Gurudevan, Moody Makar, Saibal Kar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Costs of teaching hospitals
Authors: J R A Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

neurology to develop in this way has led to the limited development of academic neurology so that currently there are very few professorial units.Such units should have neurosurgical units associated with them.The inadequacy of academic promotional prospects in the UK has led to many neurologists interested in research seeking careers in other countries.The difficulty neurology faces over its service role, as described by Dr Hopkins, is one that requires urgent consideration.Its resolution, however, is unlikely to depend purely on neurologists but will require an overview from other groups including the Department of Health and Social Security.
Letter: Adverse reactions to prazosin.
Authors: J Rees, H Williams
Journal: BMJ (1975)

associated with schistosomiasis,58 and protozoal infection'9 can pre-empt the immune response to viruses; so it is relevant to ask again whether, in a tropical context, the HB antigen is "the driver or the passenger."There remains the challenging anomaly of Ethiopia, whose uplands, free from widespread schistosomiasis or malaria though not from mould-contaminated staples and herbal medicine traditions,)2' have an impressive incidence of cirrhosis and hepatoma without a prevalence of HB antigenaemia significantly higher than that of the ambient population.2'You are, I would agree, entirely correct in asserting that "the evidence is persuasive enough to add a medical reason to the already pressing socioeconomic indications for improving harvesting techniques and storage conditions for foodstuffs in underdeveloped countries" and, on the next page, that "foreign aid . . .has not always been granted on a basis of real need."Villagelevel improvement of crop storage is a need best met, as in Ethiopia, by what is now called "appropriate technology" rather than large-scale "agribusiness."A multimycotoxin screening procedure is now available,22 but some resistance to local studies on the part of groundnut-exporting countries will have to be overcome before the extent of the problem can be fully known.-Iam, etc.,
Disulfiram Treatment of Alcoholism-Reply
Authors: Richard K. Fuller
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Brewer writes that we should have administered disulfiram by having someone watch the patient ingest the tablet (supervised disulfiram treatment). He believes the literature on supervised disulfiram treatment establishes the superiority of this method, which he implies is common practice. As we stated in our article, we studied the voluntary administration of disulfiram because this is the usual clinical practice, and we wanted the study to be generalizable to the usual clinical situation. We also stated that the data on the efficacy of supervised disulfiram treatment must be considered preliminary, because most of the few studies of supervised disulfiram treatment usually consisted of a small number of patients (40 or fewer) and were of short duration (three months or less). After completing our cooperative study of voluntary disulfiram treatment, we thought the next step should be to evaluate supervised disulfiram treatment and requested funds from the Veterans