tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combination Therapy with a Long-Acting β-Agonist and a Leukotriene Antagonist in Moderate Asthma
Authors: Aaron Deykin, Michael E. Wechsler, Homer A. Boushey, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Susan J. Kunselman, Timothy J. Craig, Emily DiMango, John V. Fahy, Monica Kraft, Frank Leone, Stephen C. Lazarus, Robert F. Lemanske, Richard J. Martin, Gene R. Pesola, Stephen P. Peters, Christine A. Sorkness, Stanley J. Szefler, Elliot Israel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Long-acting β-agonists (LABAs) and inhaled corticosteroids administered together appear to be complementary in terms of effects on asthma control. The elements of asthma control achieved by LABAs (improved lung function) and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs; protection against exacerbations) may be complementary as well.Objective: We sought to determine whether the combination of the LTRA montelukast and the LABA salmeterol could provide an effective therapeutic strategy for asthma.Methods and Measurements: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 192 subjects with moderate asthma, we compared the clinical efficacy of regular treatment over 14 weeks with the combination of montelukast and salmeterol to that with the combination of beclomethasone and salmeterol in moderate asthma. The primary efficacy outcome was time to treatment failure.Main Results: Three months after the randomization of the last subject, the Data and Safety Monitoring Board determined that the primary research question had been answered and terminated the trial. The combination of montelukast and salmeterol was inferior to the combination of beclomethasone and salmeterol as judged by protection against asthma treatment failures (p = 0.0008), lung function (26 L/min difference in a.m. peak expiratory flow rate, p = 0.011), asthma control score (0.22 difference in Asthma Control Questionnaire score, p = 0.038), and markers of inflammation and airway reactivity.Conclusions: Patients with moderate asthma similar to those we studied should not substitute the combination of an LTRA and an LABA for the combination of inhaled corticosteroid and an LABA.
MERCURIC BI-CHLORIDE IN DIPHTHERIA.
Authors: JNO. S. COLEMAN
Journal: JAMA (1889)

For my views in regard to the use of mercury in diphtheria I am indebted to the publication in Squibb's Ephemeris of a letter from the late Dr. Reiter, of Pittsburgh, Pa. Prior to 1883 I had successfully tracheotomized two cases of laryngeal diphtheria, but only to see both patients die. The first survived the operation three days, but the second only two hours—death ensuing from a collapse of the membrane below the opening in the trachea. On April 26, 1883, I was called to visit J. C. C, æt. 6, one of a family of seven as fine, healthy children as I have ever known. He had decided fever with diffused redness of the whole fauces. Next morning dirty-yellow looking patches were to be seen upon either tonsil. On the 29th, at 9 A.M., this exudation had developed into a thick yellowish-white substance presenting the appearance of a fried
The diabetic heart: metabolic causes for the development of a cardiomyopathy
Authors: B. Rodrigues, J. H McNeill
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article The diabetic heart: metabolic causes for the development of a cardiomyopathy Get access Brian Rodrigues, Brian Rodrigues Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3 Canada: B Rodrigues, J H McNeill. Correspondence to Professor McNeill. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John H McNeill John H McNeill Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3 Canada: B Rodrigues, J H McNeill. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 10, October 1992, Pages 913–922, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.10.913 Published: 01 October 1992 Article history Received: 14 April 1992 Accepted: 08 June 1992 Published: 01 October 1992
Methyltestosterone with Imipramine in Men: Conversion of Depression to Paranoid Reaction
Authors: IAN C. WILSON, ARTHUR J. PRANGE, PATRICIO P. LARA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Five men with primary unipolar depression were treated with methyltestosterone and imipramine. Four promptly showed a paranoid response that cleared rapidly when treatment with the hormone was discontinued. The shift from depression to a paranoid reaction may have resulted from an increase in aggression, which may in turn have been the result of the interplay between the hormone and the drug and the effects of this interplay on brain biogenic amine metabolism.
Through Thick and Thin
Authors: Richard J. Glassock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Two articles appear in this issue of the Journal that deal with apparently disparate topics. One, by Ponticelli and colleagues, describes the long-term outcome of an open, randomized, and prospective controlled trial of glucocorticoid combined with chlorambucil for the therapy of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis.1 The other, by Tiebosch and coworkers, describes the results of a prospective survey designed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical features of abnormal thinning of the glomerular basement membrane (thin-basement-membrane nephropathy) among patients undergoing renal biopsy for the investigation of idiopathic hematuria presumed to be of renal origin.2 Although superficially these topics may seem unrelated, they . . .
Serum enzymes and propranolol.
Authors: R Wilkinson, J A Luetscher, R H Goldman
Journal: BMJ (1971)

fibrosing alveolitis"8 with the addition of giant cells.In immune disease stimulation and later failure of affected endocrines may be a by-product of the antibody response.Preliminary studies by me of three thyroid patients showed reversal of hyperthyroidism on 15 mg daily of prednisone.The first case, with sarcoid hyperthyroidism, remains euthyroid three months after prednisone was withdrawn.Massive doses of steroids are not always necessary to "block" the thyroid overaction.Hyperthyroidism complicated by temporary myasthenia is rare, but early in- vestigation is important because it may be caused by sarcoidosis.Steroid treatment of myasthenia gravis may be more effective if started sooner.-Iam, etc.,
Donald William Cameron
Authors: A. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Donald William Cameron (“Bill”) was born to Margaret and Donald Cameron on 8 May 1928 in the Highland town of Invergordon. He was the youngest of their three children. In 1944 the family moved from Partick, Glasgow, to the West End of Edinburgh to Palmerston Place Church. Bill was offered a place to study medicine at Surgeons’ Hall in Edinburgh, receiving a grant of £20 per term from the Carnegie Foundation.

Medical school days after the war were hard but extremely rewarding. Bill had little time for relaxation but did prove …
Clinical Psychology and Some Forgotten Episodes
Authors: M. Culpin
Journal: BMJ (1952)

<h3>Background</h3> Administration of supplements to strengthen the joint cartilage matrix have become popular not only for pain relief but also for joint preservation. Reports have suggested anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of <i>Garcinia kola</i> (GK) extracts in knee osteoarthritis (KOA)<sup>1,2</sup>. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the non-inferiority of GK compared to Diclofenac in patients with KOA. <h3>Methods</h3> Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial (1:1) in outpatients aged 18 to 70 years followed at the Douala General Hospital, Cameroon for KOA with Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 2. Patients with pain on the visual analog scale (VAS) &gt; 5 and who had not taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids in the previous 15 days were included. Paracetamol, tramadol, and codeine were accepted as analgesics. The trial was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Garcinia kola (400 mg/12hours <i>per os</i>) and Diclofenac (50 mg/8hours <i>per os</i>). The primary endpoint was the per-protocol change in ultrasensitive CRP (CRP<sub>us</sub>) measured at D0 and D15. Secondary endpoints were the decrease in VAS pain with clinical relevance if decrease ≥ 20%, and safety. Statistical significance was set at p&lt;0.05. <h3>Results</h3> Forty-seven patients (33 women) were randomized (GK, n = 24 and Diclofenac, n = 23). There were no differences (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) in sociodemographic, clinical, and radiographic characteristics between the two groups [Table 2]. Between D0 and D15, there was no difference in CRP<sub>us</sub> variation between patients in the GK and Diclofenac groups (p &gt; 0.05) [Table 2]. The same was true for pain VAS (p &gt; 0.05), with an effect considered clinically relevant. Adverse events were mild to moderate in severity, including 2 cases of epigastralgia (Diclofenac) and 3 cases of increased libido (GK). No significant changes in seric level of liver transaminases, creatinine, and fasting blood sugar were observed. <h3>Conclusion</h3> <i>Garcinia kola</i> (GK) was non-inferior to Diclofenac in reducing CRP<sub>us</sub> and VAS pain in patients with KOA. The safety was good. GK would be a promising alternative to explore in the future management of osteoarthritis. <h3>References</h3> [1]Adegbehingbe OO, et al. J Orthop Surg Res. 2008; 3:34. [2]Olaleye SB, et al. Afr J Biomed Res. 2000; 3: 171-4. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We are grateful to all the patients who consented to be included in this pilot study. <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> None declared
Case 6-1962
Authors: A. Earl Walker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of Case First admission. A fifteen-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital in coma.Three days before admission the patient was found unconscious after a fall from a roof to a cement walk. On examination at another hospital he was in deep coma, with a right-sided hemiparesis and an extensor plantar reflex. Left frontal and temporal trephinations were performed six hours after the fall, and an epidural hematoma was evacuated. Postoperatively, the patient remained unresponsive, and signs of pneumonia in the right lung developed. He was transferred to this hospital three days after the operation.On admission he was . . .
Requirement for LMP1-induced RON receptor tyrosine kinase in Epstein-Barr virus–mediated B-cell proliferation
Authors: Ya-Ching Chou, Sue-Jane Lin, Jean Lu, Te-Huei Yeh, Chi-Long Chen, Pei-Lun Weng, Jiun-Han Lin, Ming Yao, Ching-Hwa Tsai
Journal: Blood (2011)
Children living near fast food outlets in England are more likely to be overweight, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Children living in areas surrounded by fast food outlets are more likely to be overweight or obese, an England-wide study has shown.

Researchers analysed data from the National Child Measurement Programme, which records the height and weight of one million children at most English state schools each year. The study compared two years of weight data on children (2007-08 and 2009-10) with the availability of unhealthy food outlets in …
Endogenous prostaglandin E2 mediates inhibition of rat thick ascending limb Cl reabsorption in chronic hypercalcemia.
Authors: L N Peterson, A J McKay, J S Borzecki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The hypothesis that endogenous PGE2 mediates defective thick ascending limb (TAL) Cl reabsorption (percent delivered load: FRCl%) in rats with vitamin D-induced chronic hypercalcemia (HC) was tested by measuring FRCl% in loop segments microperfused in vivo in HC and control rats treated acutely with indomethacin (Indo) or its vehicle, and obtaining the corresponding outer medullary [PGE2]. Microperfusion conditions were developed in which FRCl% was exclusively furosemide sensitive. To determine the cellular mechanism, tubules were perfused acutely with forskolin (FSK), cAMP, or the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine (SSP). Outer medullary [PGE2] in HC rats was 9 to 10 times greater than control and could be normalized by Indo. FRCl% was 20% lower in HC rats infused with vehicle, and Indo, FSK, and cAMP returned FRCl% to normal despite sustained HC. Indo or FSK had no effect on FRCl% in control rats and Indo did not prevent inhibition of FRCl% by luminal PGE2 (1 microM). Luminal SSP (10(-7), 10(-8) M) in HC did not return FRCl% to control values. We conclude that impaired TAL FRCl% in HC occurs at a pre-cAMP site and is due to endogenous PGE2 and not to HC.
Physiology of the Human Sphincter of Oddi
Authors: A. Torsoli
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

During the last 25 years relevant data which contribute to the clarification of pancreatico-biliary sphincter function, have been derived from physiological and pharmacological studies, and from cinefluorographic and manometric observations in man. The human sphincter of Oddi appears to be a complex device, relatively independent of the duodenum and endowed with a primarily occluding action. Perendoscopic, pre- and post-operative sphincter of Oddi manometry has opened up new prospectives for a better definition of old concepts, such as biliary dyskinesia and post-cholecystectomy syndrome. In addition, manometric measurement may provide a more rational basis for sphincterotomy, and could allow endoscopists and surgeons to objectively evaluate the extent of sphincter splitting.
Major Causes of Death among Men and Women in China
Authors: Jiang He, Dongfeng Gu, Xigui Wu, Kristi Reynolds, Xiufang Duan, Chonghua Yao, Jialiang Wang, Chung-Shiuan Chen, Jing Chen, Rachel P. Wildman, Michael J. Klag, Paul K. Whelton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

With China's rapid economic development, the disease burden may have changed in the country. We studied the major causes of death and modifiable risk factors in a nationally representative cohort of 169,871 men and women 40 years of age and older in China.Baseline data on the participants' demographic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle-related risk factors, blood pressure, and body weight were obtained in 1991 with the use of a standard protocol. The follow-up evaluation was conducted in 1999 and 2000, with a follow-up rate of 93.4 percent.We documented 20,033 deaths in 1,239,191 person-years of follow-up. The mortality from all causes was 1480.1 per 100,000 person-years among men and 1190.2 per 100,000 person-years among women. The five leading causes of death were malignant neoplasms (mortality, 374.1 per 100,000 person-years), diseases of the heart (319.1), cerebrovascular disease (310.5), accidents (54.0), and infectious diseases (50.5) among men and diseases of the heart (268.5), cerebrovascular disease (242.3), malignant neoplasms (214.1), pneumonia and influenza (45.9), and infectious diseases (35.3) among women. The multivariate-adjusted relative risk of death and the population attributable risk for preventable risk factors were as follows: hypertension, 1.48 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.44 to 1.53) and 11.7 percent, respectively; cigarette smoking, 1.23 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.18 to 1.27) and 7.9 percent; physical inactivity, 1.20 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.16 to 1.24) and 6.8 percent; and underweight (body-mass index [the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters] below 18.5), 1.47 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.42 to 1.53) and 5.2 percent.Vascular disease and cancer have become the leading causes of death among Chinese adults. Our findings suggest that control of hypertension, smoking cessation, increased physical activity, and improved nutrition should be important strategies for reducing the burden of premature death among adults in China.
Microenvironmental hCAP-18/LL-37 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by activating its cancer stem cell compartment
Authors: Bruno Sainz, Sonia Alcala, Elena Garcia, Yolanda Sanchez-Ripoll, Maria M Azevedo, Michele Cioffi, Marianthi Tatari, Irene Miranda-Lorenzo, Manuel Hidalgo, Gonzalo Gomez-Lopez, Marta Cañamero, Mert Erkan, Jörg Kleeff, Susana García-Silva, Patricia Sancho, Patrick C Hermann, Christopher Heeschen
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> The tumour stroma/microenvironment not only provides structural support for tumour development, but more importantly it provides cues to cancer stem cells (CSCs) that regulate their self-renewal and metastatic potential. This is certainly true for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), where tumour-associated fibroblasts, pancreatic stellate cells and immune cells create an abundant paracrine niche for CSCs via microenvironment-secreted factors. Thus understanding the role that tumour stroma cells play in PDAC development and CSC biology is of utmost importance. <h3>Design</h3> Microarray analyses, tumour microarray immunohistochemical assays, in vitro co-culture experiments, recombinant protein treatment approaches and in vivo intervention studies were performed to understand the role that the immunomodulatory cationic antimicrobial peptide 18/LL-37 (hCAP-18/LL-37) plays in PDAC biology. <h3>Results</h3> We found that hCAP-18/LL-37 was strongly expressed in the stroma of advanced primary and secondary PDAC tumours and is secreted by immune cells of the stroma (eg, tumour-associated macrophages) in response to tumour growth factor-β1 and particularly CSC-secreted Nodal/ActivinA. Treatment of pancreatic CSCs with recombinant LL-37 increased pluripotency-associated gene expression, self-renewal, invasion and tumourigenicity via formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2)- and P2X purinoceptor 7 receptor (P2X7R)-dependent mechanisms, which could be reversed by inhibiting these receptors. Importantly, in a genetically engineered mouse model of K-Ras-driven pancreatic tumourigenesis, we also showed that tumour formation was inhibited by either reconstituting these mice with bone marrow from cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (ie, murine homologue of hCAP-18/LL-37) knockout mice or by pharmacologically inhibiting FPR2 and P2X7R. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Thus, hCAP-18/LL-37 represents a previously unrecognised PDAC microenvironment factor that plays a critical role in pancreatic CSC-mediated tumourigenesis.
A quarter of UK students are guilty of plagiarism, survey shows
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Body set up to increase numbers taking part in trials 365, 149 A new body was launched last week to get the NHS and industry working more closely together to increase the number of patients taking part in clinical trials.The UK Clinical Research Collaboration will bring together key players to speed up the development of medicines in five areas-Alzheimer's disease, stroke, diabetes, mental health, and children's medicine.Representatives from the NHS, industry, the Medical Research Council and other funding bodies, medical charities, and the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) will make up the new body.Using the successful National Cancer Research Networks organisation as a model, the collaboration will use an initial £24m ($44m; €36m) to set up similar research networks in the five new areas.
The Effectiveness of Medical Care: Validating Clinical Wisdom
Authors: Daniel R. Neuspiel
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This is a succinct, well-written collection of critical reviews of the effectiveness of medical care in the management of 16 common pediatric health problems. The authors stress the importance of documenting the evidence of medical care benefits, a task that is particularly critical in our current era of health care rationing, since lack of such data may be used to justify the further withdrawal of beneficial services. The book does not aim to be comprehensive, although the conditions described here are fairly representative of the major issues in child health in the United States today. The chapters are organized into three sections, depending on the point at which medical care is perceived to be most effective: (1) decrease in incidence (eg, neonatal mortality), (2) early detection in the premorbid stage (eg, lead poisoning), and (3) reduction in complications of sequelae (eg, bacterial meningitis). Most of the chapters are thorough reviews
Abstract 15286: Femoral Plaque Echogenicity and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Vittorio Schiano, Giusy Sirico, Giuseppe Giugliano, Eugenio Laurenzano, Linda Brevetti, Julieta I De Maio, Gabriele G Schiattarella, Cinzia Perrino, Gregorio Brevetti, Giovanni Esposito
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background. Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease, and the presence of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque in a certain vascular district, characterized by low echogenicity at B-mode ultrasound, is ...
Management of paediatric burns
Authors: A W N Reid, J Akhtar, O P Shelley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An 11 year old girl presented to an accident and emergency department with an injury to her right foot. She had splashed hot oil from a pan on to her socks while preparing food in the kitchen. Her mother had immediately placed the affected foot in cold water for 15 minutes and dressed the injury with cling film. Her mother had then taken her without delay to the hospital. The girl had no other injuries and non-accidental injury was not suspected. She was otherwise fit and well, she was not taking any regular drugs, and she had no allergies.

On arrival, she was given oral paracetamol and intranasal diamorphine analgesia. On initial examination, the affected area on the right foot measured 4×5 cm; some of the area appeared pink, the rest of the area was covered with blisters. After deroofing of the blisters using plastic forceps (figure⇓), all the affected skin was moist, blanched on gentle pressure, and was sensate. Routine general examination was otherwise unremarkable.





### 1 What is the per cent total body surface area of the burn? How is this determined?

#### Short answer

The total body surface area is less than 1% using the palmar method for small burns: the area of patient’s palm and fingers corresponds to about 0.8% total body surface area in …
Small cell lung cancer.
Authors: G Crompton
Journal: BMJ (1990)

with a reasonably large bulla and moderate impairment of pulmonary function.Resection of a giant bulla seems neither to increase the size of other bullae nor to promote the formation of new ones.' 12 Patients with bullae who develop symptoms have almost invariably been smokers.'6If they continue to smoke after the operation surgery has little to offer.'2 17The possibility of unearthing a bulla meriting resection is one of several reasons why a discrepancy in clinical signs between the two sides of the chest in a patient with chronic airflow obstruction should prompt referral for a plain chest radiograph.