tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aβ1–42 inhibition of LTP is mediated by a signaling pathway involving caspase-3, Akt1 and GSK-3β
Authors: Jihoon Jo, Daniel J Whitcomb, Kimberly Moore Olsen, Talitha L Kerrigan, Shih-Ching Lo, Gilles Bru-Mercier, Bryony Dickinson, Sarah Scullion, Morgan Sheng, Graham Collingridge, Kwangwook Cho
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
Tumor, Normal Tissue, and Plasma Pharmacokinetic Studies of Fluorouracil Biomodulation With <i>N</i>-Phosphonacetyl-<scp>l</scp>-aspartate, Folinic Acid, and Interferon Alfa
Authors: Robert J.A. Harte, Julian C. Matthews, Susan M. O'Reilly, D.W. Owen Tilsley, Safiye Osman, Gavin Brown, Sajinder J. Luthra, Frank Brady, Terry Jones, Patricia M. Price
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of N-phosphonacetyl-l-aspartate (PALA), folinic acid (FA), and interferon alfa (IFN-α) biomodulation on plasma fluorouracil (5FU) pharmacokinetics and tumor and liver radioactivity uptake and retention after [ 18 F]-fluorouracil (5-[ 18 F]-FU) administration. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one paired pharmacokinetic studies were completed on patients with colorectal, gastric, and hepatocellular cancer, utilizing positron emission tomography (PET), which allowed the acquisition of tumor, normal tissue, and plasma pharmacokinetic data and tumor blood flow (TBF) measurements. The first PET study was completed when the patient was biomodulator-naive and was repeated on day 8 after the patient had been treated with either PALA, FA, or IFN-α in recognized schedules. RESULTS: TBF was an important determinant of tumor radioactivity uptake (r = .90; P &lt; .001) and retention (r = .96; P &lt; .001), for which radioactivity represents a composite signal of 5-[ 18 F]-FU and [ 18 F]-labeled metabolites and catabolites. After treatment with PALA, TBF decreased (four of four patients; P = .043), as did tumor radioactivity exposure (five of five patients; P = .0437), with no change in plasma 5FU clearance. With FA treatment, there were no differences observed in whole-body metabolism, plasma 5FU clearance, or tumor and liver pharmacokinetics. IFN-α had measurable effects on TBF and 5-[ 18 F]-FU metabolism but had no apparent affect on liver blood flow. CONCLUSION: The administration of PALA and IFN-α produced measurable changes in plasma, tumor, and liver pharmacokinetics after 5-[ 18 F]-FU administration. No changes were observed after FA administration. In vivo effects may negate the anticipated therapeutic advantage of 5FU biomodulation with some agents.
In Vitro Susceptibility of Mink Lung Cells to the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus2
Authors: Etienne Y. Lasfargues, Akhil B. Vaidya, Jennie C. Lasfargues, D. H. Moore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Lung cells from mink embryos were infected in vitro with a purified mammary tumor virus isolated from RIII mouse milk. Specific virus antigen at the cell surface was detected by membrane immunofluorescence; B-type virions budding from the cell membrane were seen by electron microscopy. Nucleic acid hybridization confirmed replication and specificity of the virus produced.
Non invasive ventilation for advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease in children
Authors: Elaine Chan, Jay Panickar, Biju Thomas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Although non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is frequently used for respiratory failure in adult Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients, the experience in children is limited.   Aim:  To review the experience of using NIV for advanced CF lung disease in children at a large tertiary centre.   Methods:  Retrospective review of medical records. Setting: Royal Manchester Children9s Hospital, Manchester, U.K.   Results:  The CF service at the Royal Manchester Children9s Hospital (Manchester, UK) looks after approximately 350 children with CF. Over a period of two years (Feb 2009-Feb 2011), 7 children (Median [range] age: 15 [11-18] years, 6 females) with advanced CF lung disease were commenced on NIV. The median [IQR] FEV 1  (% predicted) was 27 [23-31]. In all children, NIV was commenced during an acute respiratory exacerbation and subsequently continued in all except one child who did not tolerate NIV. The indications for initiating NIV included one or more of the following: nocturnal and/or diurnal hypoxia, hypercapnoea, morning headaches, to aid airway clearance and as a bridge to lung transplantation. All children received nocturnal bi-level NIV using the pressure support mode with face/nasal mask interface. Two children died whilst on transplant waiting list. Median (range) usage was 8 (2-8) hours/night. Median (range) duration of use was 6 (1-21) months. None experienced any complication related to NIV. All children on NIV achieved improved gas exchange.   Conclusion:  Although there is growing experience of using NIV in advanced CF lung disease in children, a number of unanswered questions remain. Long term prospective multicentre studies would help develop guidelines for use of NIV in this group of patients.
Mechanisms of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Joanna M. Peloquin, Gautam Goel, Eduardo J. Villablanca, Ramnik J. Xavier
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2016)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation due to a complex interaction of genetic determinants, disruption of mucosal barriers, aberrant inflammatory signals, loss of tolerance, and environmental triggers. Importantly, the incidence of pediatric IBD is rising, particularly in children younger than 10 years. In this review, we discuss the clinical presentation of these patients and highlight environmental exposures that may affect disease risk, particularly among people with a background genetic risk. With regard to both children and adults, we review advancements in understanding the intestinal epithelium, the mucosal immune system, and the resident microbiota, describing how dysfunction at any level can lead to diseases like IBD. We conclude with future directions for applying advances in IBD genetics to better understand pathogenesis and develop therapeutics targeting key pathogenic nodes.
Incidence and Histologic Classification of Malignant Lymphomas in Singapore&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P. Correa, G. T. O'Conor, K. K. Tan, K. Shanmugaratnam
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

During 1960–69, 377 malignant lymphomas were diagnosed histologically in Singapore. Reticulum cell sarcoma, comprising 35.8% of all lymphomas, was the most common type of malignant lymphoma, followed by lymphosarcoma and then Hodgkin's disease. Burkitt-type lymphomas are rare in Singapore. The results of comprehensive cancer registration in Singapore showed that the Iymphosarcomareticulosarcoma group of lymphomas had an “average” incidence compared with that seen in 24 other countries throughout the world. The incidence of Hodgkin's disease was decidedly lower than that in most other countries. Among Singaporeans, the mostcommon subtype of Hodgkin's disease was the lymphocyte predominance subtype; the lymphocyte depletion and nodular sclerosis subtypes were less common. The male/female ratio for lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma was 2:1 and that for Hodgkin's disease 5.2:1.0.
Age-specific background in inpatients with severe asthma exacerbation
Authors: Kiyoshi Sekiya, Masami Taniguchi, Hidenori Tanimoto, Kazuo Akiyama
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Characteristics resulting in inpatients with severe asthma exacerbation remain unclear. It is considered that characteristics and risk factors in inpatients with severe asthma vary depending on age. However, they are rarely investigated.  Objective: We investigated the differences in characteristics and risk factors in different age groups. We clarified the countermeasures for each age group, and aimed to reduce the number of inpatients with severe asthma exacerbation.  Methods: All asthma inpatients who were hospitalized with SpO2  120/min between 2007-2009 were investigated. We compared their characteristics among the young age group, middle age group, and advanced age group.  Results: The total number of severe asthma exacerbations was 75. In the young age group, 55.6% has mild asthma before hospitalization. The group had poor treatment adherence, a high rate of smoking and a high rate of pet ownership. The percentage of continuous ICS users in the group was 22.2%. In the middle age group, 54.8% has severe asthma before hospitalization. The group had high rates of aspirin-intolerant asthma and chronic sinusitis. The percentage of continuous ICS users in the group was 61.3%. In the advanced age group, high rates of hypertention/heart disease and diabetes mellitus were observed. The group had good treatment adherence. The percentage of continuous ICS users in the group was 82.4%.  Conclusions: The characteristics and the risk factors in inpatients with severe asthma vary depending on age. We need to establish countermeasures for asthma exacerbation according to the characteristics and risk factor depending on age.
Mitochondrial phylogeny of the endemic mouthbrooding lineages of cichlid fishes from Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa.
Authors: C Sturmbauer, A Meyer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1993)

Of the three cichlid species flocks in eastern Africa, Lake Tanganyika harbors the oldest species assemblage, which is also the most diverse morphologically and behaviorally. For 12 species (20 individuals) of 12 genera of the tribe Ectodini, 852 bp from two segments (cytochrome b and control region) of the mitochondrial genome were sequenced. In addition, orthologous sequences were obtained from eight species (11 individuals) representing other mouthbrooding lineages from Lake Tanganyika. Comparisons of sequence divergences revealed that the single Tanganyikan tribe Ectodini appears to be approximately five times older than the whole Lake Malawi cichlid species flock, suggesting that the radiation of the Tanganyikan mouthbrooding lineages took place long before the species flocks of Lakes Malawi and Victoria evolved. Seven of nine surveyed tribes of Tanganyikan cichlids appear to be approximately equally divergent, and this seems to corroborate the hypothesis of a rapid simultaneous formation of lineages at an early stage in the history of the Lake Tanganyika species flock. The close genetic relationship between the endemic Tropheus lineage and a nonendemic "Haplochromine," Astatotilapia burtoni, indicates that members of the tribe Tropheini may be the sister group of the cichlid flocks of Lakes Malawi and Victoria. The phylogenetic analyses demonstrate the monophyly of the Ectodini and identify the Cyprichromini as their sister group among the Tanganyikan cichlids. Within the tribe Ectodini the molecular data suggest both a branching pattern different than that previously proposed and a subdivision of the Ectodini into four clades, instead of the two originally described. The previously postulated model of morphological transformations believed to be responsible for the drastically different types of ecological specialization found among the Ectodini might therefore be in need of reinterpretation. Characters immediately related to foraging and nutrition seem to be particularly prone to homoplasy, even among members of a single lineage of cichlid fishes.
Real world effectiveness of warfarin among ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation: observational analysis from Patient-Centered Research into Outcomes Stroke Patients Prefer and Effectiveness Research (PROSPER) study
Authors: Ying Xian, Jingjing Wu, Emily C O'Brien, Gregg C Fonarow, DaiWai M Olson, Lee H Schwamm, Deepak L Bhatt, Eric E Smith, Robert E Suter, Deidre Hannah, Brianna Lindholm, Lesley Maisch, Melissa A Greiner, Barbara L Lytle, Michael J Pencina, Eric D Peterson, Adrian F Hernandez
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective </b>To examine the association between warfarin treatment and longitudinal outcomes after ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation in community practice. <b>Design</b> Observational study. <b>Setting</b> Hospitals (n=1487) participating in the Get With The Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke program in the United States, from 2009 to 2011. <b>Participants</b> 12 552 warfarin naive atrial fibrillation patients admitted to hospital for ischemic stroke and treated with warfarin compared with no oral anticoagulant at discharge, linked to Medicare claims for longitudinal outcomes. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and home time, a patient centered outcomes measure defined as the total number of days free from institutional care after discharge. A propensity score inverse probability weighting method was used to account for all differences in observed characteristics between treatment groups. <b>Results</b> Among 12 552 survivors of stroke, 11 039 (88%) were treated with warfarin at discharge. Warfarin treated patients were slightly younger and less likely to have a history of previous stroke or coronary artery disease but had similar severity of stroke as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Relative to those not treated, patients treated with warfarin had more days at home (as opposed to institutional care) during the two years after discharge (adjusted home time difference 47.6 days, 99% confidence interval 26.9 to 68.2). Patients discharged on warfarin treatment also had a reduced risk of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio 0.87, 99% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.98), all cause mortality (0.72, 0.63 to 0.84), and recurrent ischemic stroke (0.63, 0.48 to 0.83). These differences were consistent among clinically relevant subgroups by age, sex, stroke severity, and history of previous coronary artery disease and stroke. <b>Conclusions</b> Among ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation, warfarin treatment was associated with improved long term clinical outcomes and more days at home. <b>Clinical trial registration</b> Clinical trials NCT02146274.
Effect of Cumulative Dose and Dose Rate on Dimethylnitrosamine Oncogenesis in RF Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: N. K. Clapp, R. E. Toya
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Male RF mice were given dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in drinking water for varied treatment periods, with cumulative doses ranging from 87–243 mg/kg body weight. Incidences of lung adenomas in all treated groups increased over controls by a factor of 2 and reached nearly 100%. Whereas hepatocellular tumors were not apparently affected, incidences of liver hemangiosarcomas increased in higher dose groups and reached a maximum of 96%. The incidences of tumors varied with dose rate as well as with total dose. In two groups receiving the same total dose, hemangiosarcomas appeared only in the group treated at the highest dose rate, which suggested that damage was repaired at the lower dose rate. Since lung tumor incidence was high in DMN-treated mice, metabolism of this chemical into a proximate carcinogen probably occurred in the lung parenchyma as well as the liver. The absence of tumors in the kidney of the RF mouse suggested that the necessary enzyme system was not present. Because liver hemangiosarcomas and hepatocellular tumors, two distinctly different cell types, were induced by DMN and diethylnitrosamine, respectively, the cell type in which metabolism occurs may be specific within an organ.
Clinical and laboratory findings of lower respiratory tract infections in pediatric cases: Near East University experience
Authors: Ayse Sayili, Ceyhun Dalkan, Nilufer Galip, Ozlem Sahaloglu, Ilkan Hepguler, Nerin Bahceciler Onder, Nazan Cobanoglu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

AIM: Nasopharengeal swab RT-PCR DNA analysis can detect the respiratory tract pathogens(RTP) rapidly and therefore widely used. We aimed to detect the RTP and evaluate the clinical findings of our patients.  MATERIAL-METHOD: Pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infections admitted between January 2012-December 2012 were enrolled. Nasopharengeal swab RT-PCR DNA analysis were performed to all patients.  RESULTS: Thirty four patients were between ages 0-12 years. The median age was 8.5months(0-144). Four(11.7%) were newborn. Thirteen(38.2%) were girls, 21(61.8%) were boys. On admission, 18(52.9%) had dry cough, 7(20.6%) high fever, 20(58.8%) wheezing, 10(29.4%) increased breathing. In physical examination, 14(41.2%) had rhinore, 3(8.8%) tonsillitis, 5(14.7%) hypoxia, 4(11.8%) tachypnea, 17(50%) rals, 12(35.3%) ronchi. Posterior-anterior chest x-ray revealed infiltration for 8(23.5%), consolidation for 3(8.8%) patients. M.pneumonia was detected in 1(2.9%), S. pneumonia in 18(52.9%), H.influenza in 6(17.6%) and B. pertussis in 2(5.9%). Adenovirus was in 2(5.9%), Human parainfluenza type 2 in 1(2.9%) (HPI), HPI type 3 and HPI type 1 were detected in 5(14.7%). HPI type 4 was in 21(61.8%). Rhinovirus was detected in 12(35.3%) patients, respiratory synsisial virus in 12(35.3%), influenza A in 3(8.8%), influenza B in 1(2.9%) were observed. Twenty(58.8%) patients were treated outpatient.  CONCLUSION: RT-PCR method for RTP provides the clinician an advantage to modify the treatment especially for newborns where the infections can worsen easily as well as limiting the unnecessary use of antibiotics.
Seven day NHS is possible only with more resources, say surgeons
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Surgeons support the provision of a round the clock, consultant led service but have no confidence that it can be delivered within current staffing levels, shows a survey conducted by the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

The survey found that nearly three quarters of the more than 1000 college members who responded did not believe that a 24 hour a day, seven day a week service was possible without an increase in staff. …
Global Academic Surgery and Global Outcomes in Surgery
Authors: Aneel Bhangu, J. Edward F. Fitzgerald, Ewen M. Harrison
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Local Failure Is Responsible for the Decrease in Survival for Patients With Breast Cancer Treated With Conservative Surgery and Postoperative Radiotherapy
Authors: André Fortin, Marie Larochelle, Jacques Laverdière, Sophie Lavertu, Daniel Tremblay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of local failure (LF) in the survival of patients treated with lumpectomy and postoperative radiotherapy and to investigate whether LF is not only a marker for distant metastasis (DM) but also a cause.Charts of patients treated with breast conservative surgery between 1969 and 1991 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 2,030 patients available for analysis. The median duration of follow-up was 6 years. A Cox regression multivariate analysis was performed using LF as a time-dependent covariate.Local control (LC) was 87% at 10 years. Local failure led to poorer survival at 10 years than local control (55% v 75%, P < .00). In a Cox model, local failure was a powerful predictor of mortality. The relative risk associated with LF was 3.6 for mortality and 5.1 for DM (P < .00). In patients with LF, the rate of DM peaked at 5 to 6 years, whereas it peaked at 2 years for patients with LC. The mean time between surgery and DM was 1,050 days for patients without LF and 1,650 days for patients with LF (P < .00).Our results show that local failure is associated with an increase in mortality. The difference in the time distribution of distant metastasis for LF and LC could imply distinct mechanisms of dissemination. Local failure should be considered not only as a marker of occult circulating distant metastases but also as a source for new distant metastases and subsequent mortality.
Antitumor Activity of a Water-Insoluble Compound Entrapped in Liposomes on L 1210 Leukemia in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Christiane Brassinne, Ghanem Atassi, Janos Fruhling, Willy Penasse, André Coune, Jerzy Hildebrand, Jean Marie Ruysschaert, Chantal Laduron
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The use of sonicated phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) as carriers of 2-[3'-(methoxycarbonylamino)-phenyl]-3-phenyl-6-methoxycarbonylamino-4-(3H)- quinazolone (NSC-251635), a water-insoluble antimitotic compound, was investigated in mice. NSC-251635 was incorporated in egg yolk lecithin, cholesterol, and stearylamine (4:3:1) liposomes. In vitro, NSC-251635 in suspension or entrapped in liposomes was not toxic for L1210 cells. In vivo, after ip or iv injections to CDF1 mice bearing intraperitoneal or intravenous L1210 leukemia, NSC-251635 was active only when it was incorporated in the liposomes and not when it was given as a suspension in Klucel or in saline. The NSC-251635 liposome preparation induced significantly prolonged survival of the treated animals.
Bodyplethysmography during bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled histamine
Authors: Wilmy Alings-Bokkestijn, Babette Groen-Kingma, Peter Van Tilburg, Jan-Maarten Van Haarst, Selma De Nijs
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  According to the guidelines [Sterk, ERJ 1993] FEV 1  is the first choice lungfunction measurement to assess airway hyperresponsiveness. However, in some patients measuring FEV 1  is not possible as a result of inadequate technique or can be to strenuous. To that end, measuring airway resistance is preferred but has never been validated.   Aim:  To investigate the relationship between airway resistance changes (Rtot), intrathoracle gasvolume (ITGV) changes and FEV 1  during bronchoconstriction induced by histamine in patients with symptoms suggestive for asthma   Methods:  In 33 patients (mean ± SD) age:51±16.3, %pred FEV 1  105±12.1 with symptoms suggestive for asthma were challenged with histamine. FEV 1  and bodyplethysmography (for assessment Rtot, ITGV), were measured before the test and after each administration of histamine to achieve a greater than 20% fall in FEV 1 . Response dose ratios were calculated as the %fall in FEV 1  or % increase Rtot and IGTV, divided by the total mg of histamine administered. Correlations were calculated using spearman9s correlation test.   Results:  19 out of 33 patients showed airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled histamine (≤20% fall in FEV 1 ). There was a significant correlation between RDR FEV1/Histamine and RDR SGAW/histamine (r=0.78,p=   Conclusion:  In patients with symptoms suggestive for asthma there is a relationship between specific airway resistance changes and FEV 1  during bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled histamine. These data suggest that specific airway resistance could be used but needs to be standardised according international guidelines.