tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
US companies challenge new FDA regulations on tobacco advertising
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Ecosystems constantly face disturbances which vary in their spatial and temporal features, yet little is known on how these features affect ecosystem recovery and persistence, i.e. ecosystem stability. We address this issue by considering three ecosystem models with different local dynamics, and ask how their stability properties depend on the spatial and temporal properties of disturbances. We measure the spatial dimension of disturbances by their spatial extent while controlling for their overall strength, and their temporal dimension by the average frequency of random disturbance events. Our models show that the return to equilibrium following a disturbance depends strongly on the disturbance’s extent, due to rescue effects mediated by dispersal. We then reveal a direct relation between the temporal variability caused by repeated disturbances and the recovery from an isolated disturbance event. Although this could suggest a trivial dependency of ecosystem response on disturbance frequency, we find that this is true only up to a frequency threshold, which depends on both the disturbance spatial features and the ecosystem dynamics. Beyond this threshold the response changes qualitatively, displaying spatial clusters of disturbed regions, causing an increase in variability, and even the loss of persistence for ecosystems with alternative stable states. Thus, spanning the spatial dimension of disturbances can allow probing of the underlying dynamics of the ecosystem. Furthermore, considering spatial and temporal dimensions of disturbances in conjunction is necessary to predict the type of ecosystem responses that can have dramatic consequences, such as regime shifts.
Treatment of Infections in Man With Cephalothin
Authors: Louis Weinstein, Kenneth Kaplan, Te-Wen Chang
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Cephalothin, a semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporanic acid, was used successfully to treat 77 of 80 infections. Therapy was successful against<i>Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Aerobacter aerogenes</i>, mixed<i>Proteus mirabilis, Str faecalis</i>, and mixed<i>Staph aureus</i>and group A<i>Str pyogenes</i>infections. Miliary tuberculosis,<i>Hemophilus influenzae</i>meningitis, and vaccinia failed to respond. No cross-sensitivity between cephalothin and penicillin could be documented, suggesting that cephalothin is an effective parenteral antibacterial agent for infections produced by penicillin G-sensitive and resistant staphylococci, pneumococci, streptococci, possibly<i>C1 perfringens</i>, and selected gram-negative enteric bacteria.
LONG-TERM CONTROLLED TRIAL WITH DIPHOSPHONATE IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOLYTIC BONE METASTASES
Authors: I. Elomaa, C. Blomqvist, P. Gröhn, L. Porkka, A.-L. Kairento, K. Selander, C. Lamberg-Allardt, T. Holmström
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
DETERMINANTS AND APPROPRIATENESS OF DECISION FOR INVASIVE STRATEGY IN NON-ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Authors: Luis Correia, Guilherme Garcia, Manuela Carvalhal, Felipe Kalil, Felipe Ferreira, André B. Silva, Luisa S. Pereira, Maurício Cerqueira, Nicole C. de Sá, Fernanda Lopes, Lucas Dantas, Márcia Noya-Rabelo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Alternative Approaches for Long-term Treatment of Proximal Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Russell D. Hull
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Recent data from randomized trials have provided a clear understanding of the effectiveness and safety of differing long-term anticoagulant therapies for proximal vein thrombosis. An issue that has not been addressed is their cost-effectiveness. We have performed a cost-effectiveness analysis to rank alternative approaches for long-term therapy. Less intense oral anticoagulant therapy using warfarin sodium is the most cost-effective approach and is preferred in the majority of patients. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:235-239)
Are multiple plaque disruptions more common in patients with acute coronary syndrome than in patients with stable ischemic heart disease?
Authors: Shigenobu Inami, Tomohiro Ogawa, Fumiyuki Ishibashi, Kentaro Okamatsu, Hiroyuki Kamon, Kohji Seimiya, Masamichi Takano, Takayoshi Ohba, Shinya Yokoyama, Ryota Uemura, Atsunobu Nomura, Shunta Sakai, Junko Sano, Kyoichi Mizuno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Judge rules that woman in minimally aware state should not be allowed to die
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A severely brain damaged woman in a minimally aware state should not have artificial feeding and hydration withdrawn to allow her to die, a high court judge has ruled.

Mr Justice Baker, at the Court of Protection in London, decided that the 52 year old woman had “some positive experiences” that could be extended, and rejected arguments by her family that feeding should be discontinued.

In a series of cases dating back to 1993, the court has allowed artificial feeding, which constitutes a form of treatment, to be withdrawn from patients in a persistent vegetative state (PVS). The latest case, which the judge described as “unique,” is thought to …
Review: Therapy guided by B-type natriuretic peptide levels reduces mortality in chronic heart failure
Authors: Rosa Roccaforte
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club17 August 2010Review: Therapy guided by B-type natriuretic peptide levels reduces mortality in chronic heart failureRosa Roccaforte, MDRosa Roccaforte, MDCentro Diagnostico Italiano, Milan, Italy (R.R.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-4-201008170-02003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationPorapakkham P, Porapakkham P, Zimmet H, Billah B, Krum H. B-type natriuretic peptide-guided heart failure therapy: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:507-14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20308637Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: References1 Harrison A, Morrison LK, Krishnaswamy P, et al. B-type natriuretic peptide predicts future cardiac events in patients presenting to the emergency department with dyspnea. Ann Emerg Med. 2002;39:131-8. [PMID: 11823766] Google Scholar2 Roccaforte R, Demers C, Baldassarre F, Teo KK, Yusuf S. Effectiveness of comprehensive disease management programmes in improving clinical outcomes in heart failure patients. A meta-analysis. Eur J Heart Fail. 2005;7:1133-44. [PMID: 16198629] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Rosa Roccaforte, MDAffiliations: Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Milan, Italy (R.R.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 August 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 August 2010Volume 153, Issue 4Page: JC2-3KeywordsBlood plasmaBrain natriuretic peptidesClinical trial reportingDrug therapyHeart failureHospitalizationsMortalityNatriuretic peptidesPatientsRelative risk ePublished: 17 August 2010 Issue Published: 17 August 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Factors affecting day to day incidence of stroke in Nottingham.
Authors: D Barer, S Ebrahim, C Smith
Journal: BMJ (1984)

into the sella.She received hydrocortisone replacement treatment for one year, and this was withdrawn before pituitary function tests were carried out.These showed normal cortisol and prolactin responses to hypoglycaemia induced with insulin (peak cortisol concentration 860 nmol/l (31 ,cgI100 ml), prolactin concentration 550 mU/l).Basal growth hormone concentration was 6 mU/l, with a subnormal rise to the combination of hypoglycaemia and administration of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (peak growth hor- mone concentration 9 mU/l).Responses of luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone to luteinising hormone releasing hormone and of thyrotrophin stimulating hormone to thyrotrophin releasing hormone were absent. CommentSpontaneous infarction of the pituitary is well described in acromegaly.1-3In one review all patients had classical pituitary apoplexy except patients with diabetes mellitus, in whom infarction was silent.'Another review reported that 42 out of 93 patients found at the time of hypophysectomy to have haemorrhage from pituitary adenomas gave no history of apoplexy.3Pituitary necrosis in postpartum haemorrhage was reviewed by Sheehan and Davis, who concluded that it resulted from ischaemia due to a fall in arterial blood supply with or without disruption to portal blood flow.4They suggested that there may be special factors in the puerperium that predispose to pituitary necrosis as it is often associated with pre-eclampsia.The case we report is the first to show infarction of a growth hormone secreting tumour after a prolonged period of hypoten- sion due to haemorrhage.After pituitary apoplexy hormone function may range from being normal to completely absent.We propose that selective infarction of the tumour occurred as shown by the preservation of a normal pituitary-adrenal axis.As growth hormone concentrations were not fully suppressed after an oral glucose load residual tumour may have remained.The patient also developed intrasellar arachnoid herniation of cerebrospinal fluid.Previous reports have shown that this condition may coexist with pituitary tumours or necrosis.4This case, documented by sequential computed tomograms, shows the development of the empty sella syndrome after necrosis of a pituitary tumour.
Expression of CD1d and presence of invariant NKT cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Chuanhui Xu, Riemer de Vries, Lydia Visser, Arjan Diepstra, Stephan D. Gadola, Sibrand Poppema, Anke van den Berg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Eight Years of Clinical Improvement in MPTP-Lesioned Primates After Gene Therapy With AAV2-hAADC
Authors: Piotr Hadaczek, Jamie L Eberling, Philip Pivirotto, John Bringas, John Forsayeth, Krystof S Bankiewicz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

This study completes the longest known in vivo monitoring of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene expression in nonhuman primate (NHP) brain. Although six of the eight parkinsonian NHP originally on study have undergone postmortem analysis, as described previously, we monitored the remaining two animals for a total of 8 years. In this study, NHP received AAV2-human L-amino acid decarboxylase (hAADC) infusions into the MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-lesioned putamen. Restoration of AADC activity restored normal response to levodopa and gene expression could be quantitated repeatedly over many years by 6-[(18)F]fluoro-meta-tyrosine (FMT)-positron emission tomography (PET) and confirm that AADC transgene expression remained unchanged at the 8-year point. Behavioral assessments confirmed continued, normalized response to levodopa (improvement by 35% over historical controls). Postmortem analysis showed that, although only 5.6 + or - 1% and 6.6 + or - 1% of neurons within the transduced volumes of the striatum were transduced, this still secured robust clinical improvement. Importantly, there were no signs of neuroinflammation or reactive gliosis at the 8-year point, indicative of the safety of this treatment. The present data suggest that the improvement in the L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) therapeutic window brought about by AADC gene therapy is pronounced and persistent for many years.
Relation of Factor V Leiden Genotype to Risk for Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis after Joint Replacement Surgery
Authors: Daniel H. Ryan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: A point mutation in coagulation factor V (A1691G) is associated with increased risk for venous thrombosis. However, limited information is available about the prospective risk for deep venous thrombosis in specific high-risk clinical settings. Objective: To determine whether the factor V Leiden mutation is associated with an increased occurrence of deep venous thrombosis in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery. Design: Retrospective analysis of plasma samples obtained during six prospective clinical trials that compared different antithrombotic prophylaxis regimens in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery. Setting: Inpatients at the University of Rochester Medical Center, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton Civic Hospitals, and the Genesee Hospital. Patients: 825 patients hospitalized for hip or knee replacement surgery. Measurements: Venographically diagnosed postoperative deep venous thrombosis was correlated with factor V genotype. Results: The factor V Leiden mutation was not associated with a significantly increased risk for venographically detected deep venous thrombosis. The absolute incidence of deep venous thrombosis was 31% (95% CI, 15% to 47%) in patients with the mutation and 26% (CI, 22% to 29%) in patients without the mutation (relative risk, 1.2 [CI, 0.6 to 2.9]). The factor V Leiden mutation was not significantly associated with deep venous thrombosis in subgroups of patients receiving warfarin or heparin. The incidence of clinical hemorrhage was similar in patients with (10%) and without (8%) the mutation. Conclusions: The factor V Leiden mutation is not a significant risk factor for acute deep venous thrombosis in this group of patients. Current data do not justify routine preoperative screening for this mutation or intensified perioperative prophylaxis in patients with the factor V Leiden mutation who are undergoing hip or knee joint replacement surgery and are receiving effective antithrombotic prophylaxis.
SECONDARY SYPHILIS, SICKLING, MALARIA, SULPHONAMIDE AND HERXHEIMER REACTIONS IN AN AFRICAN SOLDIER
Authors: R. R. Willcox
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1947)

Journal Article SECONDARY SYPHILIS, SICKLING, MALARIA, SULPHONAMIDE AND HERXHEIMER REACTIONS IN AN AFRICAN SOLDIER Get access R. R. Willcox, M.B., B.S.Lond., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. R. R. Willcox, M.B., B.S.Lond., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Lieut.‐Col. R.A.M.C.; Adviser in Venereology to the War Office Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 59, Issue 2, 1 February 1947, Pages 59–61, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1947.tb11265.x Published: 01 February 1947
DETERMINATE FACTORS IN THE CAUSE OF INSANITY.
Authors: EUGENE G. CARPENTER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

It is questionable if there is any problem which has occupied the thought of medical men so diligently as that of the etiology of disease. It is one of the fundamental principles of our cult to determine the cause by the employment of every possible known means of diagnosis before applying our therapeutics or means of cure. A half century of time has been lost in the effort of medicine to make the etiology of general disease apply to or explain the clinical appearances as found in the insane condition. (I speak of insanity thus, for it is but an evidence of an abnormal brain state.) After a decade's experience the thought has constantly forced itself upon the writer that, in our endeavor to explain cause, too great stress has been placed on some so-called causes and too little on others. If the ordinary principles of etiology applied to the
Exposure to bisphosphonates and risk of gastrointestinal cancers: series of nested case-control studies with QResearch and CPRD data
Authors: Y. Vinogradova, C. Coupland, J. Hippisley-Cox
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate the association between use of bisphosphonates estimated from prescription information and risk of gastrointestinal cancers. <b>Design</b> Series of nested case-control studies. <b>Setting</b> General practices in the United Kingdom contributing to the QResearch primary care database (660) and the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) (643). <b>Participants</b> Patients aged ≥50 with a diagnosis of a primary gastrointestinal cancer in 1997-2011, each matched with up to five controls by age, sex, practice, and calendar year. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Odds ratios for incident gastrointestinal cancers (colorectal, oesophageal, gastric) and use of bisphosphonates, adjusted for smoking status, ethnicity, comorbidities, and use of other drugs. <b>Results</b> 20 106 and 19 035 cases of colorectal cancer cases, 5364 and 5135 cases of oesophageal cancer cases, and 3155 and 3157 cases of gastric cancer were identified from QResearch and CPRD, respectively. Overall bisphosphonate use (at least one prescription) was not associated with risk of colorectal, oesophageal, or gastric cancers in either database. Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for QResearch and CPRD were 0.97 (0.79 to 1.18) and 1.18 (0.97 to 1.43) for oesophageal cancer; 1.12 (0.87 to 1.44) and 0.79 (0.62 to 1.01) for gastric cancer; and 1.03 (0.94 to 1.14) and 1.10 (1.00 to 1.22) for colorectal cancer. Additional analyses showed no difference between types of bisphosphonate for risk of oesophageal and colorectal cancers. For gastric cancer, alendronate use was associated with an increased risk (1.47, 1.11 to 1.95; P=0.008), but only in data from the QResearch database and without any association with duration and with no definitive confirmation from sensitivity analysis. <b>Conclusions</b> In this series of population based case-control studies in two large primary care databases, exposure to bisphosphonates was not associated with an increased risk of common gastrointestinal cancers.
CASE OF TUMOUR OF THE PONS ASSOCIATED WITH DEGENERATION IN THE POSTERIOR COLUMNS OF THE CORD
Authors: E. E. Laslett
Journal: BMJ (1902)

THE two following cases-chondroma of the orbit and carcinoma of the lachrymal gland-are sufficiently unusual to be worthy of placing on record:CHONDROMA OF THE ORBIT.The chondroma occurred in a lady, aged 45, a patient, of Dr. Francis Johnston, of Birkenhead, I first saw her with Mr. Edgar Browne.The patient's attention was attracted to her eye seven years previously by the occurrence of pain in it, which was shortly followed by dimness of vision.Somewhat later she consulted Mr. C. G. Lee, who recognized proptosis and commencing optic neuritis in the left eye.The sight was gradually lost, and the eye has since remained quite blind; but the pain disappeared.The condition which had caused her the most distress was the steadily increasing proptosis, which for some time past had been excessive and attracted unpleasant observation in public.Chiefly for this reason the patient consulted many oculists and surgeons.All were agreed that the prominence of the eye was due to a slow-growing tumour of an innocent nature, which had originated deeply.All advised against operation, and most prescribed potassium iodide.For the last two years the anterior part of the tumour had been recognizable as a tense
TREATMENT OF THE MENOPAUSE
Authors: ELMER L. SEVRINGHAUS
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Although clinicians generally are convinced of the value of estrogenic substances for the relief of the protean symptoms of the climacteric period in women, there is much uncertainty about the optimal preparation. The choice must be made among three distinct estrogenic compounds and mixtures of these with other less potent substances. Unstandardized preparations of ovary may give clinical results, but the benefits are too uncertain to justify the employment of these early types of medication any longer. The choice between pure compounds such as estrone or estradiol and mixtures in which estrone is the chief ingredient depends on two factors: price and type of result. Except in rare cases the clinical result from any one of this estrogenic group has been found so similar to that of the others that the only important factor is price. But direct comparisons in cost have been impossible for the clinician, since the units
Inflammatory cells and myocardial fibrosis: spatial and temporal distribution in renovascular hypertensive rats
Authors: A NICOLETTI, D HEUDES, C MANDET, N HINGLAIS, J BARIETY, J MICHEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The fibroblasts producing collagen are co-localized with inflammatory cells in myocardial fibrosis areas of spontaneously hypertensive rats, suggesting that collagen overproduction in this model may be modulated by inflammatory cells. The present study extends these observations to the Goldblatt model of hypertension in which the renin-angiotensin system is activated. Methods: Inflammatory cells were identified with monoclonal antibodies directed against macrophages (ED1+), T helper (CD4+) and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+), and MHC class II-expressing cells (Ia+). The alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) immunostaining technique was used. A new computer-assisted morphometric method was utilized to quantify the inflammatory infiltrate in each cardiac compartment with polarized-light microscopy. Cells responsible for the collagen synthesis were identified by in situ hybridization. The collagen content was estimated by morphometry on left ventricle sections stained with Sirius red, and by biochemical quantification of the hydroxyproline concentration. Results: Computer-assisted morphometry under polarized light was well suited to quantify inflammatory cells labeled by the APAAP technique. Inflammatory cells were co-localized with collagen-synthesizing fibroblasts. The main inflammatory cells were CD4+ lymphocytes>Ia+>ED1+>CD8+ cells. These cell densities were increased in hypertensive rats in all cardiac areas compared to control rats except for Ia+ cells which were concentrated in microscars. Macrophage density was correlated with plasma renin activity. The inflammatory cell density which best correlated with fibrosis was macrophage density, and which best correlated with systolic blood pressure was macrophage and T helper lymphocyte densities. Conclusions: One can speculate that the correlation between macrophage density and blood pressure as well as with plasma renin activity may indicate that angiotensins and/or elevation of blood pressure could participate in the initial signalling which may mobilize inflammatory cells. These inflammatory cells could promote fibrosis by releasing mediators such as growth factors or cytokines which act upon fibroblasts.