tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P176: Cardiovascular Disease Risk among West African Immigrants in the US: the AFRO-CardiAC study
Authors: Yvonne Y Commodore-Mensah, Charles O Agyemang, Jonathan K Aboagye, Nancy Abu-Bonsrah, Cheryl R Himmelfarb
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: There are research gaps on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of the burgeoning West-African immigrants (WAI) in the United States (US) because they are lumped into the racial category of “Black/African-American”. The epidemiological transition in Africa suggests that WAI may be at high risk for CVD prior to migration, which may worsen with increased years of US residence. We sought to examine the global CVD risk using the 10-year Framingham CVD score (FRS10), CVD risk factors and identify independent predictors of increased CVD risk, among WAI. Methods: The “AFRO-CardiAC” study is a community-based cross-sectional study among first generation WAI aged 35-74 years, born in Ghana/Nigeria and residing in the Washington, D.C metropolis. Cardiovascular disease risk factors (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, hypertension (HTN), diabetes, smoking and body mass index) and health behaviors were determined according to AHA guidelines. Descriptive statistics were performed on participant’s FRS10 and CVD risk factors with comparison by sex. Participants with FRS10 below 10% were deemed low risk and those at ≥ 10% were classified as high risk. A multivariate logistic regression was fitted to identify independent risk factors associated with high CVD risk. Results: A total of 145 participants have been recruited to date; aged 50±8.5years and 61% female. The majority (72%; 104/145) have resided in the US for more than 10 years. The overall prevalence of HTN was 53% with no significant difference between males (46%) and females (57%)[p=0.201]. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 94% in females and 82% in males (p&lt;0.0001). Only one participant reported smoking and 15% were diabetic, with no sex differences (males 20 % and females 12 %). Males had a significantly higher mean FRS10 (11.10±8.85) than females (6.66±6.48) [p=0.0016]. Also, 13%, 23%, 64% (n=56) of males were classified as having high, intermediate and low risk of CVD compared to 3%, 20%, and 77% of females (n=87)[p=0.082]. The predictors of high CVD risk using dichotomized FRS10 categories (&lt;10% vs. ≥10%) as the outcome included increasing length of stay in the US, [Odds Ratio (OR):1.12, 95%CI: 1.04-1.20,p= 0.001], unemployment[OR:7.0, 95% CI: 1.69-29.79, p=0.008] and household income less than $25,000 (OR: 4.17, 95%CI:1.33-13.08,p=0.014) Conclusion: In conclusion, this preliminary analysis of an ongoing study shows a high prevalence of major CVD risk factors in relatively young WAI. Males had a significantly higher global CVD risk although females had a striking prevalence of overweight/obesity. Employment was protective against high CVD risk while lower income and longer stay in the US were associated with higher CVD risk. These data suggest a need for CVD prevention strategies that are tailored to the needs of the WAI with consideration of socioeconomic status and gender.
Thalidomide in the treatment of refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus: prognostic factors of clinical outcome
Authors: J. Cortés-Hernández, M. Torres-Salido, J. Castro-Marrero, M. Vilardell-Tarres, J. Ordi-Ros
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Although thalidomide has been shown to be effective in patients with refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), its use is still hampered by its potential severe side-effects and the current restricted availability.To evaluate prospectively the clinical efficacy and safety of low-dose thalidomide in an observational study and to establish prognostic factors of clinical outcome.Sixty consecutive patients with refractory CLE were treated with thalidomide (100 mg daily). Clinical response was assessed by the CLE Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI). Clinical and immunological parameters were evaluated during treatment.Patients were followed for up to 8 years (range 2-18). One patient discontinued treatment because of side-effects. Of the 59 remaining patients, 58 (98%) achieved clinical response, already noticeable at 2 weeks following treatment. Complete response occurred in 50 patients (85%). Clinical relapse was frequent (70%) and usually occurred 5 months after withdrawal or reduction of thalidomide. Subacute CLE (SCLE) was the predicting factor of long-term remission after therapy discontinuation [odds ratio (OR) 30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5·82-154·63], whereas discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) was predictive of relapse (OR 5·71, 95% CI 1·36-24·06). Eleven patients (18%) reported paraesthesia; in five of the 11, nerve conduction studies confirmed a sensory polyneuropathy. Neurological symptoms resolved in 12 months (range 6-18) after thalidomide withdrawal. Two patients, heavy smokers and without antiphospholipid antibodies, had a cerebral ischaemic event.Low-dose thalidomide is an effective treatment for refractory CLE, but its benefits need to be balanced against the potential adverse effects. Whereas DLE forms tended to relapse and required a long-term maintenance dose of thalidomide, SCLE forms showed a sustained remission after withdrawal.
Efficient engraftment of primary adult T-cell leukemia cells in newborn NOD/SCID/β2-microglobulinnull mice
Authors: N Kawano, F Ishikawa, K Shimoda, M Yasukawa, K Nagafuji, T Miyamoto, E Baba, T Tanaka, S Yamasaki, H Gondo, T Otsuka, K Ohshima, L D Shultz, K Akashi, M Harada
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Abstract 17448: A Novel Technique for Respiratory Motion Correction in Rapid Left Ventricular Myocardial T1 Mapping and Quantitative Analysis of Myocardial Fibrosis
Authors: Keigo Kawaji, Marco Marino, Akiko Tanaka, Giacomo Tarroni, Takeyoshi Ota, Roberto M Lang, Amit R Patel
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Quantitative myocardial T1 mapping is increasingly being used to measure myocardial fibrosis, but this approach requires effective breath-holds during MRI. Respiratory artifacts from poor breath-holds result in motion-corrupted pixels and measurement error. We developed and tested the feasibility of an approach that applies motion correction (MC) followed by semi-automated segmentation to obtain motion-free T1 maps of the LV. Methods: Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) data was acquired on 1.5T MRI scanner, where the endo- and epicardial borders were semi-automatically detected using noise characteristics of myocardial tissue [1,2] and followed by fully automated partitioning into AHA-defined segments [1]. Affine motion correction was then applied to each segment to generate MC-T1 maps of the heart. This approach was tested on 24 slices (12 before contrast injection [PRE]; 12 post [POST], 96x2 ROI segments) from 4 swine with no LV abnormality. The same segmented ROIs on T1 maps without MC were also assessed for comparison. Results: The standard deviation of T1 within each ROI became significantly lower after MC: [MC vs non-MC: 94 ± 37 vs 114 ± 51 ms (PRE, p&lt;0.00005); 66 ± 51 vs 89 ± 67 ms (POST, p&lt;0.0005)], suggesting less motion blurring and possibly less error in T1 measurements within each generated ROI (fig). Significant changes were observed in POST T1 values (446 ± 66 vs 435 ± 89ms; p &lt; 0.0005), yielding an average increase of 2.6 ± 1.6% per segment. The inferior (+3.9%) and inferiolateral segments (+4.5%) yielded the most change, corresponding to regions with most motion across MOLLI images as assessed visually. PRE T1 changes were also significant (998 ± 94 vs 1008 ± 114 ms; p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Our new semi-automated and motion-corrected T1 map assessment shows promise to improve the accuracy of T1 measurements but needs further validation in a larger dataset. This technique may become useful for objective evaluation of myocardial fibrosis.
SENSITIZATION TO THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE: REPORT OF ANOTHER CASE
Authors: William Stein, Mates Morgenstern
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1944)

Case Reports1 May 1944SENSITIZATION TO THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE: REPORT OF ANOTHER CASEWILLIAM STEIN, M.D., MATES MORGENSTERN, M.D.WILLIAM STEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MATES MORGENSTERN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-20-5-826 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptLaws,1 Schiff,2, 3 and Jolliffe3 recently called attention to the production of anaphylactic shock in an individual as a result of acquired sensitivity to thiamine hydrochloride when given parenterally and stressed the clinical importance and prudence of making an intradermal test with thiamine chloride prior to administering it, especially when the individual had previously received thiamine parenterally.We wish to present another case which similarly was most dramatic in its sequence. As far as we are aware, our case is the third to be recorded in the literature.The patient, J. H., a well developed and nourished adult white male,...Bibliography1. LAWS C: Sensitization to thiamine hydrochloride, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1941, cxvi, 176. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. SCHIFF L: Collapse following parenteral administration of solution of thiamine hydrochloride, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1941, cxvii, 609. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. JOLLIFFE N: Treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders with vitamins, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1941, cxvii, 1496-1500. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New Brunswick, N. J.*Received for publication November 24, 1941.From the Department of Medicine, Middlesex General Hospital, New Brunswick, N. J. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byReappraisal of the “Coma Cocktail”Gutachten: Mögliche Nebenwirkungen von Vitamin B1, B6 und B12 in einem vorgegebenen DosierungsbereichTHIAMINE (ANEURINE)A Comparison of the Hypotensive Effects of the Monophosphoric Acid Ester of Thiamine and Thiamine Hvdrochloride**University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PaVitamins as Pharmacologic AgentsDrug allergyA Toxicity Study of Thiamine Hydrochloride 1 May 1944Volume 20, Issue 5Page: 826-828KeywordsChloridesHospital medicineShockThiamine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1944 PDF downloadLoading ...
The new primary care organisations: one year on
Authors: J. Shapiro
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Primary care groups have been with us in England for a year. In that time we have also had a winter bed crisis; a general practitioner serial killer; a new secretary of state; the introduction of NHS Direct and walk in centres; and, only last month, the promise of much greater resources for the health service provided that it can “modernise.” How have these events affected the development of primary care, and what are their implications for the future?

Primary care groups attained several successes in their first year.1 They have become much more corporate: interprofessional working has broken out in an encouraging way at board level, though its progress beyond board level is less clear. They have generally done well in managing their prescribing budgets. And their emphasis on defining and refining primary and community care has made much progress, with the boundaries between general practice and community services now being blurred to the …
Noninvasive Heart Valve Procedures Seen as Potential Alternative to Surgery
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FRAGILITAS OSSIUM IN FIVE GENERATIONS
Authors: Henry Joachim, Milton G. Wasch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1934)

Article1 January 1934FRAGILITAS OSSIUM IN FIVE GENERATIONSHENRY JOACHIM, M.D., F.A.C.P., MILTON G. WASCH, M.D.HENRY JOACHIM, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, MILTON G. WASCH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-7-7-853 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWe have had the opportunity of seeing eight cases of fragilitas ossium in one family covering three generations, and have been able to trace the disease in five generations. We present a report of three of these cases.CASE IDora B., 43, married, was admitted to the Israel Zion Hospital in January 1932 with the complaint of headaches and dizziness of several months' duration.Previous History. The patient began to walk at the age of five years. In childhood she had abscessed ears which caused some impairment of hearing. Her menstruation had always been irregular. The last period was... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brooklyn, New York*Accepted for publication October 26, 1933.From the Departments of Medicine and Radiology of the Israel Zion Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOsteogenesis imperfecta and odontogenesis imperfecta 1 January 1934Volume 7, Issue 7Page: 853-860KeywordsDiagnostic radiologyHearingHospital medicineResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1934 PDF downloadLoading ...
An Alternative Approach Using Long Elephant Trunk for Extensive Aortic Aneurysm: Elephant Trunk Anastomosis at the Base of the Innominate Artery
Authors: Satoru Kuki, Kazuhiro Taniguchi, Takafumi Masai, Takenori Yokota, Kiyoshi Yoshida, Keiji Yamamoto, Hikaru Matsuda
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Although a staged elephant trunk procedure has been widely used, the early mortality of the first stage operation as well as the interval mortality between operations remains unsatisfactory. We developed an alternative elephant trunk procedure to reduce mortality and morbidity.Ascending aorta and arch vessels were minimally dissected. During systemic cooling, a four-branched arch graft with a sewing "collar" and a long "elephant trunk" was prepared. The ascending aorta was opened under selective brain perfusion with moderate hypothermia (25 degrees C), and the elephant trunk was then pulled down into the descending aorta using the catching catheter introduced via a femoral artery. The elephant trunk anastomosis using the collar was made at the base of the innominate artery. The arch vessels were divided and closed at aortic stump, and grafted separately as a consequence of the very proximal site for the elephant trunk anastomosis. Between October 1998 and September 2001, 17 patients, ranging in age from 25 to 79 years (mean 67 years) with extensive aortic aneurysm underwent this operation. Preoperative cardiac complications included coronary artery disease in 5, aortic regurgitation in 3, and 3 of these 8 patients had poor left ventricular function with an ejection fraction less than 40%. Nine patients underwent a second stage operation, in 1 of them the permanent elephant trunk procedure was initially attempted but the second stage procedure was done because of increasing endo-leakage. The mean interval between operations was 8 days (range 1 to 14 days) in the remaining 8 patients. In 5 of 6 patients who underwent the permanent elephant trunk procedure, a decrease in the size of the aneurysm based on thromboexclusion was observed using serial computed tomography scans. A single stage repair was performed in 1 patient. The 30-day survival rate of all operations was 100%, however, there was 1 in-hospital death (6%) after the second operation. There was no stroke, however, paraplegia occurred after the first operation in 1 patient (6%) of the in-hospital death. No new phrenic or recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred as a result of surgery.The present technique using a modification of the elephant trunk technique for extensive aortic aneurysm provides acceptable mortality and morbidity. The present strategy would be an alternative for the standard elephant trunk procedure in some high-risk patients with advanced age and comorbidities.
Abstract PR03: Identifying biomarkers of drug response and resistance using personalized Drosophila models of colorectal cancer
Authors: Erdem Bangi, Claudio Murgia, Alexander Teague, Owen Sansom, Ross Cagan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract A fundamental difficulty in cancer research is the complex, multigenic and genetically diverse nature of human tumors, recently emphasized by cancer genome sequencing efforts. To capture this genetic complexity and diversity, we identified the most frequently observed double, triple and quadruple combinations of mutations in human colon cancer genomes and generated the corresponding combinations in Drosophila. We then investigated the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of 30 multigenic combinations we established by targeting them specifically to the adult Drosophila colon. These models recapitulate key features of human cancer, many of which arise as emergent properties of multigenic combinations. Importantly, we show that multigenic models are more resistant to compound effects than single-hit models and that combinatorial therapy is more effective against multigenic combinations. Specifically, we tested 16 clinically relevant targeted agents against our models using dissemination into the abdominal cavity as a quantitative read-out to monitor drug response. We found that 12 of these 16 compounds were effective against rasG12V alone while the four-hit model rasG12V p53RNAi ptenRNAi apcRNAi was resistant to all. We then uncovered a potential mechanism for resistance to PI3K pathway inhibitors as well as biomarkers for single agent response and resistance. We also developed a combination therapy that overcomes resistance of our four-hit model to single agent PI3K pathway inhibitors. We have validated our findings in human colorectal cancer cell lines, xenograft models as well as 3D colospheres and allografts derived from genetically engineered mouse models of colorectal cancer. We are currently investigating mechanisms mediating resistance of our four-hit model to the remaining compounds. We hope to use this information to devise additional rational combination therapies effective against genetically complex tumors. Overall, these models provide an excellent opportunity to study tumorigenesis and metastasis in the context of the whole animal and explore compound effects on a genetically diverse set of models. The emergent properties we identified in our multigenic combinations and interesting correlations we observed between tumor genotype and drug response also represent important steps towards personalized medicine. Citation Format: Erdem Bangi, Claudio Murgia, Alexander Teague, Owen Sansom, Ross Cagan. Identifying biomarkers of drug response and resistance using personalized Drosophila models of colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Drug Sensitivity and Resistance: Improving Cancer Therapy; Jun 18-21, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(4 Suppl): Abstract nr PR03.
Effects in Newborn Mice of Tumor-Producing Agents Carried in Tissue Culture&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S. Neriishi, Y. Yabe, N. Oda, N. Ida, F. Gonzales, W. Sutow, A. Kirschbaum, H. G. Taylor, J. J. Trentin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Cells and extracts of a variety of spontaneous and induced mouse and human tumors were inoculated into mouse-embryo tissue culture. Inoculated and noninoculated tissue-culture fluids were tested for tumor-inducing ability by injection into newborn mice. Ten of 41 cultures inoculated with mouse tumor cells or extracts and 3 of 21 cultures inoculated with materials from cancer patients produced parotid tumors in injected mice. These included cultures inoculated with AKR spontaneous leukemia; X ray plus estrogen-induced C57 leukemia; X ray plus estrogen plus urethan-induced C57 leukemia; methylcholanthrene plus orotic acid-induced DBA leukemia; X ray plus urethan-induced C57 leukemia, induced (C3Hf × AKR)F1, (C3H × AKR)F1 and C3Hf parotid-gland tumors, and transplanted DBA parotid-gland tumor; bone marrow of 2 patients with granulocytic leukemia. Seventy-five mice receiving injections of noninoculated tissue-culture fluid and 80 mice receiving no treatment and kept in the same area did not develop parotid tumors, though a high percentage of those tested were found to have positive polyoma virus hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers. Sera of 5 mice with parotid-gland tumors induced by fluids from cultures inoculated with human material (1 from each of the “positive” patients) or with irradiation and chemically induced mouse leukemia were tested for polyoma virus HI and showed high titers. Polyoma virus was identified in one of the tissue-culture fluids which had been inoculated with leukemic human bone marrow and which had induced parotid tumors when injected into newborn mice. The significance of these findings with respect to attempts to isolate human tumor viruses is discussed.
TRWG developmental pathway for biospecimen-based assessment modalities
Authors: Sudhir Srivastava, Joe W. Gray, Brian J. Reid, Oren Grad, Addison Greenwood, Ernest T. Hawk
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

The Translational Research Working Group (TRWG) was created as a national initiative to evaluate the current status of NCI's investment in translational research and envision its future. The TRWG conceptualized translational research as a set of six developmental processes or pathways focused on various clinical goals. One of those pathways describes the development of biospecimen-based assays that utilize biomarkers for the detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of response to cancer treatment. The biospecimen-based assessment modality (BM) pathway was conceived not as comprehensive description of the corresponding real-world processes, but rather as a tool designed to facilitate movement of a candidate assay through the translational process to the point where it can be handed off for definitive clinical testing. This paper introduces the pathway in the context of prior work and discusses key challenges associated with the biomarker development process in light of the pathway.
Imported human rabies in a U.S. Army soldier - New York, 2011.
Authors: W. Javaid, I. G. Amzuta, A. Nat, T. Johnson, D. Grant, R. J. Rudd, B. Cherry, A. Newman, D. Blog, R. Willoughby, C. Fix, F. Drum, S. Baty, M. Cooper, K. Ellis, D. A. Alves, S. Cersovsky, C. E. Rupprecht, A. M. Maxted, E. W. Lankau
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2012)