tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Hippo Transducer YAP1 Transforms Activated Satellite Cells and Is a Potent Effector of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Formation
Authors: Annie M. Tremblay, Edoardo Missiaglia, Giorgio G. Galli, Simone Hettmer, Roby Urcia, Matteo Carrara, Robert N. Judson, Khin Thway, Gema Nadal, Joanna L. Selfe, Graeme Murray, Raffaele A. Calogero, Cosimo De Bari, Peter S. Zammit, Mauro Delorenzi, Amy J. Wagers, Janet Shipley, Henning Wackerhage, Fernando D. Camargo
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
The Function of the Auricular Appendix
Authors: I. Ashe
Journal: BMJ (1868)

IT has always seemed to me that a particular mechanical difficulty connected with the working of the heart has not attracted attention, and that the mechanism by which the difficulty has been overcome has con- sequently not been adverted to.The questiOn is as follows.How is it possible for a chamber like the auricle, thin in its walls, yet acting only by the muscular force of those walls, to disteid, even to tension, a thick-walled clhamber like the ven- tricle, powerful in contraction, and therefore equally powerful in resist- ing distension?It is evident that the mere relaxation of the fibres of the ventricle, which occurs on the termination of the systole, will not account for the subsequent full tension produced by the action of the auricle.There must exist within the auricle itself some mechaniism, hitherto not
Effect of recombinant alpha A-interferon on DNA synthesis and differentiation of human keratinocytes in vitro
Authors: R. STADLER, R. MULLER, C.E. ORFANOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Interferons are known to protect cells against virus infection, to inhibit cell growth in a number of cell lines and also to modulate cell differentiation. Their possible clinical application has now entered its final phase. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of recombinant alpha A-interferon (r IFN-alpha A) on human keratinocyte DNA synthesis and differentiation in vitro. [3H]-TdR incorporation into DNA was used to quantify DNA synthesis in keratinocyte cultures at varying concentrations of rIFN-alpha A. Cell differentiation was determined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of six specific protein fractions extracted from the keratinocytes. Our results indicate that rIFN-alpha A is a potent inhibitor of keratinocyte DNA synthesis in vitro; it also decreases significantly the amount and synthesis of non-covalently bound keratins while increasing the disulphide cross-linked keratins. No qualitative changes in keratinocyte proteins were observed.
Geometric determinants of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: R B Devereux, M C Phillips, P N Casale, R R Eisenberg, P Kligfield
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Experimental studies have suggested that electrocardiographic recognition of left ventricular hypertrophy depends on geometric relationships involving wall thickness and chamber size. To determine the clinical significance of these observations, we studied the effects of echocardiographic LV mass (LVM), posterior wall thickness (PWT), interventricular septal thickness (IVST) and internal dimension (LVID) on ECG voltage in 360 patients. Standard voltage and nonvoltage manifestations of LVH correlated modestly with LVM (r = 0.33-0.44, p less than 0.001). Sokolow-Lyon precordial voltage (SLV) (SV1 + RV5 or V6) correlated moderately with LVM (r = 0.41, p less than 0.001), but correlated less well with IVST (r = 0.26), PWT (r = 0.24) or LVID (r = 0.22). Stepwise regression revealed that there was no relation, independent of LVM, between SLV and IVST (r = 0.03), PWT (r = 0.03) or LVID (r = 0.01). The 90 patients with increased LVM (greater than 215 g) but without LVH by SLV (false negatives) were compared with the 48 identified by SLV (true positives). False negatives differed from true positives in LVM (298 +/- 72 vs 339 +/- 98 g, p less than 0.01), age (55 +/- 18 vs 44 +/- 19 years, p less than 0.001), weight (70 +/- 16 vs 63 +/- 14 kg, p less than 0.02), and distance from skin to the interventricular septum (42 +/- 10 vs 38 +/- 8 mm, p less than 0.02). Thus, for a given LVM, ECG voltage criteria of LVH are independent of LV chamber dilatation or other geometric variables, but depend on age, weight and LV depth in the chest, suggesting that stratification of subjects by clinical variables has promise for improved electrocardiographic recognition of LVH.
The “putting the baby down” hypothesis: Bipedalism, babbling, and baby slings
Authors: Dean Falk
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

My responses to the observations and criticisms of 26 commentaries focus on the coregulated and affective nature of initial mother/infant interactions, the relationship between motherese and emergent linguistic skills and its implication for hominin evolution, the plausibility of the “putting the baby down” hypothesis, and details about specific neurological substrates that may have formed the basis for the evolution of prelinguistic behaviors and, eventually, protolanguage.
Correlation between CCL26 production by human bronchial epithelial cells and airway eosinophils: Involvement in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma
Authors: Marie-Chantal Larose, Jamila Chakir, Anne-Sophie Archambault, Philippe Joubert, Véronique Provost, Michel Laviolette, Nicolas Flamand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Authenticity and Purity of Human Insulin (recombinant DNA)
Authors: Irving S Johnson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

A summary of the exhaustive analyses of human insulin (recombinant DNA) shows chemical, structural, and biologic equivalence to pancreatic human insulin. The high degree of purity accounts for its lack of pyrogenicity and immunogenic contamination. Human insulin from both the proinsulin and chain combination methods is essentially identical. The role of proinsulin as an alternate route to human insulin, and as a new treatment for diabetes when used alone or in combination with human insulin or connecting peptide, warrants further investigation.
An “ironic” case of mistaken identity?
Authors: Kris V. Kowdley, Anthony S. Tavill
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

An iron loaded liver from a 40 year old man with occult haemochromatosis was transplanted into a 19 year old woman with acute liver failure secondary to a paracetamol overdose. Increased parenchymal hepatic iron was found in a liver specimen at biopsy under-taken because of mild rejection 30 days after transplantation. After transplantation the patient had two episodes of liver rejection confirmed by biopsy. The hepatic iron concentration fell from 161 μmol/g on day 30 after transplant to 26.5 μmol/g (normal < 40) on day 210. Iron absorption, measured 45 days after transplant, was in the normal range at 12.4%. The rapid fall in hepatic iron and the normal iron absorption study result suggest that the genetic defect of haemochromatosis is not exclusively an intrahepatic defect.
Neutral endopeptidase-like enzyme controls the contractile activity of substance P in guinea pig lung.
Authors: N P Stimler-Gerard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The responsiveness of isolated guinea pig lung parenchymal strips to substance P was enhanced by at least 100-fold in the presence of the endopeptidase inhibitors phosphoramidon (1 microM) or thiorphan (1 microM), but not with the converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, or an inhibitor of serum carboxypeptidase N (both 1 microM). Responses of guinea pig tracheal rings to substance P were also markedly potentiated by phosphoramidon. The increase in tissue responsiveness by these inhibitors was relatively specific for substance P among several other spasmogenic peptides, including formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and the complement peptides C3a and C5a. The enhanced responses appear to result from a decrease in the rate of substance P degradation in the presence of neutral endopeptidase inhibitors. Specific binding of substance P to its receptor on bronchial membranes was increased by three- to fourfold in the presence of phosphoramidon. These data demonstrate an enhanced potential for substance P to contract lung tissues when degradation by a neutral endopeptidase-like enzyme is blocked.
Screening-Detected Lung Cancers: Is Systematic Nodal Dissection Always Essential?
Authors: Giulia Veronesi, Patrick Maisonneuve, Giuseppe Pelosi, Monica Casiraghi, Bernardo G. Agoglia, Alessandro Borri, Laura L. Travaini, Massimo Bellomi, Cristiano Rampinelli, Daniela Brambilla, Raffaella Bertolotti, Lorenzo Spaggiari
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Persistent Pain Following Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Rune Gärtner, Maj-Britt Jensen, Jeanette Nielsen, Marianne Ewertz, Niels Kroman, Henrik Kehlet
Journal: JAMA (2009)

<h3>Context</h3> Persistent pain and sensory disturbances following surgical treatment for breast cancer is a significant clinical problem. The pathogenic mechanisms are complex and may be related to patient characteristics, surgical technique, and adjuvant therapy. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine prevalence of and factors associated with persistent pain after surgical treatment for breast cancer. <h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3> A nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire study of 3754 women aged 18 to 70 years who received surgery and adjuvant therapy (if indicated) for primary breast cancer in Denmark between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2006. A study questionnaire was sent to the women between January and April 2008. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Prevalence, location, and severity of persistent pain and sensory disturbances in 12 well-defined treatment groups assessed an average of 26 months after surgery, and adjusted odds ratio (OR) of reported pain and sensory disturbances with respect to age, surgical technique, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. <h3>Results</h3> By June 2008, 3253 of 3754 eligible women (87%) returned the questionnaire. A total of 1543 patients (47%) reported pain, of whom 201 (13%) had severe pain, 595 (39%) had moderate pain, and 733 (48%) had light pain. Factors associated with chronic pain included young age (18-39 years: OR, 3.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.25-5.82;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and adjuvant radiotherapy (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.08-2.07;<i>P</i> = .03), but not chemotherapy (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.85-1.21;<i>P</i> = .91). Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was associated with increased likelihood of pain (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.43-2.19;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) compared with sentinel lymph node dissection. Risk of sensory disturbances was associated with young age (18-39 years: OR, 5.00; 95% CI, 2.87-8.69;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and ALND (OR, 4.97; 95% CI, 3.92-6.30;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Pain complaints from other parts of the body were associated with increased risk of pain in the surgical area (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). A total of 306 patients (20%) with pain had contacted a physician within the prior 3 months for pain complaints in the surgical area. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Two to 3 years after breast cancer treatment, persistent pain and sensory disturbances remain clinically significant problems among Danish women who received surgery in 2005 and 2006.
The Emerging Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome in Pulmonary Biology and Disease
Authors: Nathaniel M. Weathington, Jacob I. Sznajder, Rama K. Mallampalli
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<IntroductionImportance of the Proteas...Pharmacological Targeting...ConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Chloromycetin (Chloramphenicol) in the Treatment of Infections
Authors: William L. Hewitt, Bryan Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

CHLOROMYCETIN (chloramphenicol) is a white crystalline antibiotic agent isolated originally from Streptomyces venezuelae.1 The chemical formula has been determined,2 and the manufacture of the compound by chemical synthesis has been accomplished on a commercially practicable basis. It is an extremely bitter material, relatively stable in water over a wide range of temperature and pH and sparingly soluble in water to the extent of 2.5 mg. per cubic centimeter. Previous studies have shown Chloromycetin to be active against a wide spectrum of bacteria in vitro, including many gram-positive cocci, the gonococcus and most of the gram-negative bacilli except certain strains . . .
From a letter to his students, 1953
Authors: Albert Schweitzer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Medical Writings1 November 1997From a letter to his students, 1953Albert SchweitzerAlbert SchweitzerSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-9-199711010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail You ask me to give you a motto. Here it is: SERVICE. Let this word accompany you as you seek your way and your duty in the world. May it be recalled to your minds if ever you are tempted to forget it or to set it aside. It will not always be a comfortable companion but it will always be a faithful one. And it will be able to lead you to happiness, no matter what the experiences of your lives are. Never have this word on your lips, but keep it in your hearts. And may it be ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1997Volume 127, Issue 9Page: 853KeywordsComputed axial tomographyHappinessHeart Issue Published: 1 November 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Liver transplantation and alcohol: Who should get transplants?
Authors: R Krom
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Medical selection criteria should be the same for all patients with end-stage liver disease and should aim for an acceptable outcome of the liver transplant procedure in matter of survival and quality of life, taking the scarce resources into account. The psychiatric selection criteria should aim at avoidance of recidivism of alcohol use in alcoholic patients. At least 6 mo of sobriety should be required. The patient must have a stable and supportive environment and should participate in an alcohol counseling program. A multicentered trial using uniform scoring criteria such as the Alcohol Prognosis Scale is needed to better define the selection of patients with alcoholic liver disease and long-term outcome of alcoholism after transplantation.
US "boutique medicine" could threaten care for the majority
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Faced with shrinking incomes ( BMJ 2000;321:1309) and rising overheads, especially malpractice premiums, American doctors are turning to what has been called “boutique medicine”—a luxury service offering patients fast track appointments and annual check ups.

In south Florida last June Dr Robert Colton, an internist with more than 20 years' experience, started a company called MDVIP with four other doctors. In return for a yearly membership fee of $1500 (£1050; €1700), the doctors contracted to provide patients with annual physical …
Abstract A07: Breast tumor microenvironment shapes vascular response to endothelial HoxA5 expression
Authors: Josette Northcott, Ileana Cuevas, Hans Layman, Nancy Boudreau
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Current anti-angiogenic therapy for the treatment of solid tumors is based on directed inhibition of growth factor signaling pathways essential for the development of new blood vessels. Despite evidence showing a positive correlation between angiogenesis and breast cancer progression, existing anti-angiogenic therapies have not proven effective at clinically managing breast tumors or prolonging patient survival. Several studies have shown that tissue microenvironment shapes local angiogenic responses and tumor progression - a finding that may partially explain the refractoriness of breast tumors to anti-angiogenic therapy. Data from our laboratory supports an anti-angiogenic role for the HoxA5 homeodomain containing transcription factor. Using the KRT14-HPV16 mouse model of skin cancer crossed with our tetracycline-regulated mouse line that expresses HoxA5 in the endothelium, we observed that HoxA5 reduced angiogenesis and slowed tumor progression in the skin. Thus, we hypothesized that constitutive endothelial expression of HoxA5 during mammary tumor development would prevent tumor growth and metastasis via modulation of the endothelial phenotype. Surprisingly, in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer, we observed that endothelial HoxA5 expression increased both primary tumor growth and lung metastasis. Mammary tumors from PyMT/HoxA5+ mice had larger areas of hypoxia and necrosis, as compared to primary tumors from control mice. Although we did not detect any change in intra-tumoral vascular staining (CD31+), we observed an increased number of large vessels and reduced vascular leakage in the primary tumors from PyMT/HoxA5+ mice. In contrast, subcutaneous injection of MMTV-PyMT mammary tumor cells into HoxA5 transgenic mice displayed significantly reduced tumor growth and decreased intra-tumoral vascularization, as compared to controls. This suggests that, unlike the anti-angiogenic properties of HoxA5 in the skin microenvironment, within the context of the mammary gland HoxA5 has vascular normalization effects. We conclude that the tissue microenvironment shapes the vascular response to anti-angiogenic agents and thereby controls tumor progression. Citation Format: Josette Northcott, Ileana Cuevas, Hans Layman, Nancy Boudreau. Breast tumor microenvironment shapes vascular response to endothelial HoxA5 expression. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A07. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A07
Regulatory cell subsets in the control of autoantibody production related to systemic autoimmunity
Authors: Keishi Fujio, Tomohisa Okamura, Shuji Sumitomo, Kazuhiko Yamamoto
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Dysregulated autoantibody production is responsible for the severe organ damage that occurs in systemic autoimmune diseases. Immune complexes play important roles in the pathogenesis of these diseases as they initiate and maintain the inflammatory cascade, which leads to tissue destruction. Conventional therapy for autoimmune diseases suppresses immunological accelerator in the absence of knowledge of the immunological brake. Application of a physiological regulatory system could be a rational strategy to treat autoimmune diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested that specialised subsets of B cells and T cells could control autoantibody production. A significant decrease and impaired function of regulatory B cells (Breg) was recently reported in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and a mice model of lupus. In T cells, follicular regulatory T cells and Qa-1 restricted CD8 regulatory T cells (Treg) were identified as the populations that control follicular T helper cell-mediated antibody production. Moreover, other Treg populations might also be involved in the control of autoantibody production. Elucidating the roles of Breg and Treg in the control of antibody production might lead to the development of a new therapeutic approach to antibody-mediated autoimmune disease.
Genes on the Web — Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Genetic Testing
Authors: Adam J. Wolfberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

With a credit card and a few clicks of their computer mouse, consumers can now order a test for the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation or any of hundreds of other diagnostic assays, all without involving their physician or health insurance plan. Direct-to-consumer marketing of genetic testing and other laboratory services has arrived.Proponents argue that the companies offering these tests are bringing sophisticated diagnostic services to consumers who are interested in genetic testing and have the money to pay for it but lack access to clinical testing sites. And they laud the companies' promise of anonymity to consumers who . . .
Effects of potassium on ammonia transport by medullary thick ascending limb of the rat.
Authors: D W Good
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Renal ammonium excretion is increased by potassium depletion and reduced by potassium loading. To determine whether changes in potassium concentration would alter ammonia transport in the medullary thick ascending limb (MAL), tubules from rats were perfused in vitro and effects of changes in K concentration within the physiological range (4-24 mM) were evaluated. Increasing K concentration from 4 to 24 mM in perfusate and bath inhibited total ammonia absorption by 50% and reduced the steady-state transepithelial NH+4 concentration gradient. The inhibition of total ammonia absorption was reversible and occurred when K replaced either Na or N-methyl-D-glucamine. Increasing K concentration in the luminal perfusate alone gave similar inhibition of total ammonia absorption. At 1-2 nl/min per mm perfusion rate, increasing K concentration in perfusion and bathing solutions had no significant effect on transepithelial voltage. With either 4 or 24 mM K in perfusate and bath, an increase in luminal perfusion rate markedly increased total ammonia absorption. Thus, both potassium concentration and luminal flow rate are important factors capable of regulating total ammonia transport by the MAL. Changes in systemic potassium balance may influence renal ammonium excretion by affecting NH+4 absorption in the MAL and altering the transfer of ammonia from loops of Henle to medullary collecting ducts.
Association of <i>TGF-β1</i> Genetic Variants with HPV16-positive Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Xiaoxiang Guan, Erich M. Sturgis, Dapeng Lei, Zhensheng Liu, Kristina R. Dahlstrom, Qingyi Wei, Guojun Li
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role in inflammation and immune responses, which control the human papillomavirus (HPV) clearance and escape of immune surveillance, and may contribute to genetic susceptibility to HPV16 infection. Experimental Design: In this case series study, we analyzed the HPV16 status in tumor specimens and genotyped three TGF-β1 polymorphisms using genomic DNA from the blood of 200 squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (SCCOP) cases. We calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in univariate and multivariable logistic regression models to examine the association between the TGF-β1 polymorphisms and HPV16 status in SCCOP. Results: Compared with those with the common homozygous genotype, the TGF-β1 T869C variant genotypes were significantly associated with HPV16-positive tumor status among patients with SCCOP (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.03-3.76), but no significant association was observed for the TGF-β1 C509T or G915C polymorphism. When all variant genotypes were combined, however, SCCOP patients carrying genotypes with any of these TGF-β1 variants were more than twice as likely to have an HPV16-positive tumor (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.16-4.50) as patients with no variant genotypes. The stratified analysis showed that those under 54 years of age, non-Hispanic white patients, never smokers, and never drinkers with any variant TGF-β1 genotypes were also more likely to have HPV16-positive tumors. Conclusions: TGF-β1 polymorphisms may serve as a susceptibility marker for tumor HPV16 status among SCCOP patients, particularly those who were never smokers and never drinkers. Large studies are needed to validate our findings. Clin Cancer Res; 16(5); 1416–22