tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Genetic Architecture of Arsenic Metabolism Efficiency:A SNP-Based Heritability Study of Bangladeshi Adults
Authors: Jianjun Gao, Lin Tong, Maria Argos, Molly Scannell Bryan, Alauddin Ahmed, Muhammad Rakibuz-Zaman, Muhammad G. Kibriya, Farzana Jasmine, Vesna Slavkovich, Joseph H. Graziano, Habibul Ahsan, Brandon L. Pierce
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

BackgroundConsumption of arsenic-contaminated drinking water adversely affects health. There is interindividual variation in arsenic metabolism efficiency, partially due to genetic variation in the arsenic methyltransferase (AS3MT) gene region.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to assess the overall contribution of genetic factors to variation in arsenic metabolism efficiency, as measured by the relative concentration of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA%) in urine.MethodsUsing data on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and urinary DMA% for 2,053 arsenic-exposed Bangladeshi individuals, we employed various SNP-based approaches for heritability estimation and polygenic modeling.ResultsUsing data on all participants, the percent variance explained (PVE) for DMA% by all measured and imputed SNPs was 16% (p = 0.08), which was reduced to 5% (p = 0.34) after adjusting for AS3MT SNPs. Using information on close relatives only, the PVE was 63% (p = 0.0002), but decreased to 41% (p = 0.01) after adjusting for AS3MT SNPs. Regional heritability analysis confirmed 10q24.32 (AS3MT) as a major arsenic metabolism locus (PVE = 7%, p = 4.4 × 10–10), but revealed no additional regions. We observed a moderate association between a polygenic score reflecting elevated DMA% (composed of thousands of non-AS3MT SNPs) and reduced skin lesion risk in an independent sample (p < 0.05). We observed no associations for SNPs reported in prior candidate gene studies of arsenic metabolism.ConclusionsOur results suggest that there are common variants outside of the AS3MT region that influence arsenic metabolism in Bangladeshi individuals, but the effects of these variants are very weak compared with variants near AS3MT. The high heritability estimates observed using family-based heritability approaches suggest substantial effects for rare variants and/or unmeasured environmental factors.CitationGao J, Tong L, Argos M, Scannell Bryan M, Ahmed A, Rakibuz-Zaman M, Kibriya MG, Jasmine F, Slavkovich V, Graziano JH, Ahsan H, Pierce BL. 2015. The genetic architecture of arsenic metabolism efficiency: a SNP-based heritability study of Bangladeshi adults. Environ Health Perspect 123:985–992; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408909
Health Facilities Planning
Authors: Kenneth W. Wisowaty, Charles C. Edwards, Raymond L. White
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE GROWTH RATE of the voluntary hospital planning movement in the United States has been described as a significant medical-sociological development of the present decade.  Great acceleration in the numbers of planning agencies occurred after establishment of the research grant program authorized by the Community Health Services and Facilities Act of 1961, which subsequently became a section of the Hill-Burton Act titled, Studies and Demonstrations Relating to Coordinated Use of Hospital Facilities. This program distributed about $3 million in the form of seed and demonstration grants. The first Hill-Burton grant for planning was awarded June, 1961. Current legislation increases the amount of money to $22.5 million, over the next five years. 1   Since 1946 the movement has increased sevenfold. Two states has areawide planning agencies in existence prior to 1946. During the subsequent years this figure has grown to 23, with more states in the formative stages of development. Thirty-five
945-118 Validation of a Simple Exercise-Test Based Method for Early Identification of Multivessel Coronary Disease After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Fabrice Leroy, Patricia Minet, Jean-Jacques Dujardin, Pierre Fievet, Benaissa Agraou, Eugène Mc Fadden, Jean-Marc Lablanche, Michel Bertrand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Identification of IgE-binding amino acids on the conformational epitopes of hevein (Hev b 602)
Authors: Piia Karisola, Jari Mikkola, Timo Reunala, Kristiina Turjanmaa, Nisse Kalkkinen, Timo Palosuo, Markku Kulomaa, Harri Tapio Alenius
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Cytoskeletal protein modulation in pulmonary alveolar myofibroblasts during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Possible role of transforming growth factor beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha.
Authors: Y Kapanci, A Desmouliere, J C Pache, M Redard, G Gabbiani
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Pulmonary biopsy specimens from ten cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were examined using routine histological stains, including toluidine blue, and immunohistochemistry by means of specific antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin, desmin, keratin, TGF beta 1, and TNF alpha. The sections were compared with two cases of normal lung. As shown previously, normal alveolar interstitium did not contain alpha-SM actin positive myofibroblasts nor did the alveolar lining contain any significant number of TGF beta 1 or TNF alpha laden epithelial cells. In IPF, during the inflammatory stage, the alveolar myofibroblasts expressed alpha-SM actin and the regenerating type II alveolar epithelium staining strongly with TGF beta 1 and TNF alpha antibodies. The former cytokine was also detected in the interstitial matrix and fibroblastic cells as well as in the wall of vessels. At this stage, a manifest mast cell infiltration was noted. In very fibrotic and cystic alveolar tissue, i.e., at end stage fibrosis, the number of alpha-SM actin positive myofibroblasts as well as that of TNF alpha laden type II epithelial cells diminished, while TGF beta 1 positive cells persisted. Our findings demonstrate that during IPF alveolar type II epithelium constitutes, if not the site of synthesis, at least the main reservoir for TGF beta 1 and TNF alpha. These cytokines, besides their involvement in fibrogenesis, play probably an important role in the expression of alpha-SM actin by alveolar myofibroblasts. Our study suggests the possibility of an interaction between interstitial cells and alveolar epithelium, during IPF.
STUDIES ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO A CHARACTERIZED ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT OF THE TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS PROTEIN
Authors: Lynn Spitler, E. Benjamini, Janis D. Young, Harvey Kaplan, H. H. Fudenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

THE FOLLOWING PEPTIDES HAVE PREVIOUSLY BEEN SHOWN TO BIND SPECIFICALLY WITH ANTIBODIES TO TMVP: (a) An eicosapeptide representing residues 93-112 of TMVP and having the sequence Ileu-Ileu-Glu-Val-Glu-AspNH(2)-GluNH(2)-Ala-AspNH(2)-Pro-Thr-Thr-Ala-Glu-Thr-Leu-Asp-Ala-Thr-Arg. (b) Its C-terminal decapeptide. (c) Its C-terminal pentapeptide. (d) N-octanoyl-C-terminal-tripeptide. (e) (Lys)(4)-C-terminal-pentapeptide. (f) (Lys)(7) C-terminal-pentapeptide. The present communication deals with the investigation of several parameters of the immunological activity of the peptides. The results show that none of the peptides tested were immunogenic in guinea pigs, nor did they stimulate the incorporation of (14)C-thymidine by spleen cells derived from TMVP-primed animals. Results also showed that all of the peptides tested could elicit specific delayed and immediate skin reactions in TMVP-sensitized guinea pigs, and furthermore, that the peptides could specifically inhibit the migration of peritoneal exudate cells derived from these animals. The elicitation of delayed skin reactions and the ability to inhibit migration of peritoneal exudate cells were independent of carrier specificity.
How To Do It: A DOCTOR WHO CHANGED MY PRACTICE
Authors: O. Dearlove
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Juniors are just as caring

The senior registrar and I were looking down on the child of 3 weeks who was dying from a rare complex metabolic acidosis. Even with the advances in DNA technology, over half of these children die without the identification of the enzyme deficiency. Therefore there was no hope of rational therapy to treat the child.

“I treated this child's …
Incidence of -Thalassaemia Trait among Cypriots in London
Authors: C. B. Modell, A. Benson, C. R. P. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The incidence of β-thalassaemia trait among Cypriots in London is about 14%, and the birth rate of children with thalassaemia major is 0·6%. The high incidence of the β-thalassaemia gene among Cypriots suggests the desirability of screening Cypriot school-leavers for thalassaemia trait and following up any incidentally discovered cases with family studies and genetic counselling.
The effect of transfer factor on the in vitro migration of tuberculin stimulated white cells from sarcoid and normal subjects
Authors: J.R. PARK, A. BATS, E.L. RHODES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

In the mixed leukocyte migration test, white cells from Mantoux positive and Mantoux negative individuals and from patients with sarcoidosis responded similarly to tuberculin, there being no significant difference in the migration index of the three groups. The cells from patients with sarcoidosis, however, showed a depressed response to phytohaemagglutinin. Transfer factor prepared from an individual with a very positive Mantoux reaction did not have any significant effect on the migration index when added to the white cells from sarcoid patients either in the presence or absence of tuberculin.
Psychophysical scaling methods reveal and measure context effects
Authors: Gregory R. Lockhead
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract People cannot make independent judgements of stimulus attributes and so “it is necessary to theorize in terms of stimulus structures” (Lockhead 1992, p. 551) rather than in terms of stimulus features. The new commentaries here further this statement and also support the observations in the target article that psychophysical scaling methods allow us to measure (1) how context determines judgments and (2) what people remember about prior stimuli.
Human Heart Weight at High Altitude
Authors: HERBERT N. HULTGREN, HARRY MILLER
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The weight of the right ventricle, left ventricle, and septum determined in 98 hearts of high altitude (12,300 feet) residents in Peru and in 86 hearts from sea level in the continental United States revealed that right ventricular hypertrophy is no greater at high altitude than at sea level in the stillborn-newborn infant heart. Right ventricular weight relative to total heart weight at high altitude exceeds that at sea level beginning about 30 days after birth and reaches a plateau at 56 days. Thereafter the degree of relative right ventricular hypertrophy changes only slightly through the adult years. No evidence was found of postnatal atrophy of the right ventricle either at sea level or high altitude nor of septal hypertrophy accompanying the right ventricular hypertrophy in high altitude. The degree of right ventricular hypertrophy was moderate and variable, and corresponded to the moderate, variable pulmonary hypertension previously demonstrated in high altitude residents. Since total heart weights are similar at high altitude and sea level and since high altitude subjects have a smaller body size, the heart weight/body weight ratio is probably greater in the high altitude subject.
PERFORATION OF COLOSTOMY LOOP BY SOFT RUBBER CATHETER
Authors: Ralph Boerne Bettman
Journal: JAMA (1953)

We recently encountered  case of perforation of the bowel by  soft rubber catheter that occurred in  patient who was employing an enema for colostomy evacuation. None of us has ever seen  similar accident. A careful search of the records of the Michael Reese Hospital for the last 20 years failed to show any case of perforation of the bowel with  soft catheter. Drs. E. I. Greene and J. M. Greene, in  recent article, report  similar case and say that a review of the literature for the last eighteen years reveals only one report of similar complication's. They refer to the article of Dr. Carl Davis Jr., who reported three cases.  REPORT OF A CASE  A 55-year-old man was brought to Michael Reese Hospital with  perforated bowel. Four months previously, he had had an abdominoperineal bowel resection for cancer of the rectum. The
Overexpression of c-met as a Prognostic Indicator for Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Comparison With p53 Nuclear Accumulation
Authors: Hong Lin Cheng, Barry Trink, Tzong Shin Tzai, Hsiao Sheng Liu, Shih Huang Chan, Chung Liang Ho, David Sidransky, Nan Haw Chow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: The c-met proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase (Met) and has been shown to play a role in oncogenesis. Given that high titers of hepatocyte growth factor, the specific ligand for Met, are excreted in the urine and tend to reflect disease activity of bladder cancer, we performed this study to examine the clinical significance of Met in human bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the mRNA expression and genomic alteration of c-met in five bladder cancer cell lines. Significance of Met overexpression was then compared with p53 nuclear accumulation (TP53) in primary bladder cancer (n = 142 patients). RESULTS: Expression of c-met mRNA tended to positively correlate with differentiation of cancer cell lines in the absence of point mutation. High expression of Met was found in seven cases (4.9%), low expression in 32 cases (22.5%), and negative expression in 103 cases (72.5%). Expression of Met was positively associated with histologic grade, stage classification, tumor size, and nodular tumor growth (P < .05, respectively); however, it was not related to TP53 status. Factors that predicted disease progression were tumor stage, Met status, and TP53 accumulation (P < .05, respectively). Indicators for poor long-term survival were invasive cancer, multiple tumors, and Met overexpression (P = .0006, .01, and .04, respectively). CONCLUSION: The c-met proto-oncogene plays a more important role in the progression of bladder carcinogenesis than p53. Evaluation of Met expression could identify a subset of bladder cancer patients who may require a more intensive treatment strategy.
The AIDS Litigation Project
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

NO OTHER infectious disease in recent history compares with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the ways it has affected our relationships with each other and with our social institutions. Sharp differences in perception of public health, ethics, and civil liberties have created the largest body of legal cases attributable to a single disease in the history of American jurisprudence. Litigation related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) impacts powerfully on the major social institutions of our nation—schools, health care, the blood supply, the judiciary, prisons, and the military. The litigation has an equal impact on cherished constitutional principles of privacy, freedom of speech and association, and liberty. The HIV epidemic even reaches into intimate personal relationships, sparking litigation against sexual partners and family members. This article is the first in a two-part series reviewing 469 cases that are decided, settled, pending, or filed at the federal, state, and local
Rauwolfia Serpentina in the Treatment of High Blood Pressure
Authors: RUSTOM JAL VAKIL
Journal: Circulation (1955)

The root of the Rauwolfia serpentina Benth (N. O. Apocyanaciae) has been in use in India for hundreds of years for a host of unrelated ailments. Since 1949, after the English publication of a clinical report by the author on Rauwolfia serpentina therapy in fifty cases of essential hypertension, the plant has gained universal acclamation as a useful therapeutic weapon in high blood pressure states. The whole subject of Rauwolfia serpentina therapy in hypertension has been reviewed up to the present time, including discussions on the history of the plant, its various species and types, nomenclature, geographic distribution, chemistry, pharmacologic actions and clinical studies, reported on the subject from all over the world.
Psychosocial Factors and Risk of Hypertension
Authors: Lijing L. Yan, Kiang Liu, Karen A. Matthews, Martha L. Daviglus, T. Freeman Ferguson, Catarina I. Kiefe
Journal: JAMA (2003)

ContextAlthough psychosocial factors are correlated, previous studies on risk factors for hypertension have typically examined psychosocial factors individually and have yielded inconsistent findings.ObjectiveTo examine the role of psychosocial factors of time urgency/impatience (TUI), achievement striving/competitiveness (ASC), hostility, depression, and anxiety on long-term risk of hypertension.Design, Setting, and Study PopulationA population-based, prospective, observational study using participant data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. A total of 3308 black and white adults aged 18 to 30 years (when recruited in 1985 and 1986) from 4 US metropolitan areas and followed up through 2000 to 2001.Main Outcome MeasuresFifteen-year cumulative incidence of hypertension (systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher, or taking antihypertensive medication).ResultsThe incidence of hypertension at year 15 was 15% from baseline and 13.6% from year 5. After adjusting for the same set of hypertension risk factors and each of the psychosocial factors of TUI, ASC, hostility, depression, and anxiety in 5 separate logistic regression models, higher TUI and hostility were significantly associated with risk of developing hypertension at 15-year follow-up for the total sample. Compared with the lowest score group, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for TUI was 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.03) for a score of 1; 1.47 (95% CI, 1.08-2.02) for a score of 2; and 1.84 (95% CI, 1.29-2.62) for a score of 3 to 4 (P for trend = .001). Compared with the lowest quartile group, the adjusted OR for hostility was 1.06 (95% CI, 0.76-1.47) for quartile 2; 1.38 (95% CI, 1.00-1.91) for quartile 3; and 1.84 (95% CI, 1.33-2.54) for quartile 4 (P for trend &lt;.001). No consistent patterns were found for ASC, depression, or anxiety. Race- and sex-specific analyses and multivariable models with simultaneous adjustment for all 5 psychosocial factors and other hypertension risk factors had generally similar results.ConclusionAmong young adults, TUI and hostility were associated with a dose-response increase in the long-term risk of hypertension.
Diagnosis of biliary complications after liver transplantation (LT) : evaluation with magnetic resonance cholangiography (MR-C)
Authors: GP Pageaux, C. Calvet, P. Taourel, P. Bauret, F. Navarro, JS Burgel, J. Michel, JM Fabre, P. Blanc, J. Domergue, JM Bruel, D. Larrey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Demonstrable Photopenic Lesion in Tc-99m Pertechnetate Thyroid Imaging After Recent Contrast Radiographic Procedure
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, SYLVIA MAGOUN, BARBARA LAHR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Iodine-contained contrast media of a recent arteriogram can block normal thyroid uptake of Tc-99m pertechnetate or radioiodine, resulting in virtual nonvisualization of the thyroid gland and showing a prominent salivary activity. In Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid imaging, however, diffuse soft-tissue uptake in the anterior neck surrounding a fluid containing (cystic) lesion may standout as photopenia. The authors present two patients with recent contrast radiographic procedures who underwent Tc-99m pertechnetate imagings that demonstrated photopenic lesions: one was a thyroid cyst and the other confirmed an abscess.
The Hormone-Dependent Cancers
Authors: Charles Huggins
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THIS PAPER is a brief account of studies on cancer pursued by co-workers in our laboratory and of some significant contributions by others in related areas. There were only a few young people participating in our work at any one time because creative work requires rather serene surroundings. Both distraction and, equally, solitude are deterrents to imaginative efforts. The work consisted of attempts to pose simple questions and to find methods to answer them, trying to elucidate the nature of cancer. It is difficult to control a disease which is not understood. With understanding, alleviation often follows. <h3>Hormone-Dependent Cancer</h3> The concept of hormone-dependence of cancers arose from experimental study of the activity of prostatic glands, of both the normal and malignant sort. Does the cancer cell possess qualities of its normal progenitor? Yes. Indeed, some cancers retain characteristics of their normal antecedents. Among these is hormone-responsiveness. From the studies it
Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy
Authors: Thomas J. Lawley
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To define clinical presentation and therapy of pruritic urticarial apapules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP).20 women between 21 and 34 years of age were included in the present investigation. 16 were primipara and four--multipara. Fifteen of the patients had one fetus and five--bigemini.In all cases both rash and pruritus had developed in the third trimester. In five cases there were historic data for pruritus in the end of the pregnancy in the patients' mother. In all cases there were striae of pregnancy, papules and plaques in the abdominal area, in 12 on the extremities and in five cases on face. All cases ended with deliveries of healthy newborns, without other complications of pregnancy, delivery or puerperium.PUPPP is the most frequent pruritic dermatosis of pregnancy. Our data supports statement, that PUPPP are more frequent in third trimester, in primipara and bigemini. The papules and plaques are in the abdominal area and extremities and pruritus always present.
Carbenicillin: a new semisynthetic penicillin active against Pseudomonas pyocyanea.
Authors: E. T. Knudsen, G. N. Rolinson, R. Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Carbenicillin (disodium a-carboxybenzylpenicillin; BRL 2064) is a new semisynthetic penicillin with a wide spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.In particular, carbenicillin shows a certain level of activity against Pseudomonas pyocyanea (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and the compound is also active against many strains of Proteus vulgaris, Proteus rettgeri, and Proteus morganii, which are typically resistant to ampicillin.The structure of carbenicillin is as follows:The compound, which should be stored in the refrigerator, is readily soluble in water, giving a clear neutral solution, which shows no significant loss of activity after 24 hours at room temperature and is stable in the refrigerator for at least seven days.In acid solution carbenicillin is relatively unstable, the half-life at pH 2 being approximately two hours at room temperature and approximately 30 minutes at 370 C. Sarcina lutea Clostridium tetani ,, welchii Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (isg./ml.)*5-0 250 12-5 5-0 5-0 50 2-5 5-0 2-5 5-0 0-5 0-5 50 0-25 25 0-5 1-25 0-5 0-25 0-25 * Serial dilution in agar; inoculum, one drop of an overnight culture.t Penicillinase-producing strain.Carbenicillin is active against Escherichia coli, Salmondla species, Shigella species, Proteus mirabilis, and Haemophilus influenzae, and in this respect the spectrum of activity is similar to that of ampicillin, although carbenicillin is in general rather less active than ampicillin.Most strains of Klebsiella aero- genes are resistant to carbenicillin and the level of activity against enterococci (Streptococcus faecalis) is relatively low.