tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Basophil recruitment and IL-4 production during human allergen-induced late asthma
Authors: Kayhan T. Nouri-Aria, Anne-Marie A. Irani, Mikila R. Jacobson, Fiona O’Brien, Eva M. Varga, Stephen J. Till, Stephen R. Durham, Lawrence B. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Obesity, Race, and Risk for Death or Functional Decline Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Christina C. Wee, Karen W. Huskey, Long H. Ngo, Angela Fowler-Brown, Suzanne G. Leveille, Murray A. Mittlemen, Ellen P. McCarthy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: The adverse effect of obesity on health outcomes may be lower in older and African American adults than in the general U.S. population. Objective: To examine and compare the relationship between obesity and all-cause mortality and functional decline among older U.S. adults. Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Secondary analysis of data from the 1994 to 2000 Medicare Current Beneficiary Surveys, linked to Medicare enrollment files through 22 April 2008. Participants: 20 975 community-dwelling participants in the 1994 to 2000 Medicare Current Beneficiary Surveys who were aged 65 years or older. Measurements: All-cause mortality through 22 April 2008; new or worsening disability in performing activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in 2 years. Results: 37% of the study sample were overweight (body mass index [BMI] of 25 to <30 kg/m2), 18% were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), 48% died during the 14-year follow-up, and 27% had ADL and 43% had IADL disability at baseline. Among those without severe disability at baseline, 17% developed new or worsening ADL disability and 26% developed new or worsening IADL disability within 2 years. After adjustment, adults with a BMI of 35 kg/m2 or greater were the only group above the normal BMI range who had a higher risk for mortality (hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.20 to 1.85] in men and 1.21 [CI, 1.06 to 1.39] in women, compared with the reference group [BMI of 22.0 to 24.9 kg/m2]; P for BMI–sex interaction = 0.003). In contrast, both overweight and obesity were associated with new or progressive ADL and IADL disability in a dose-dependent manner, particularly for white men and women. Significant interactions were detected between BMI and sex but not between BMI and race for any outcome, although risk estimates for ADL disability seemed attenuated in African American relative to white respondents. Limitation: This was an observational study, baseline data were self-reported, and the study had limited power to detect differences between white and African American respondents. Conclusion: Among older U.S. adults, obesity was not associated with mortality, except for those with at least moderately severe obesity. However, lower levels of obesity were associated with new or worsening disability within 2 years. Efforts to prevent disability in older adults should target those who are overweight or obese. Primary Funding Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
John Christopher Powell
Authors: R. M Simpson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant child and adolescent psychiatrist Dumfries, Scotland (b Bronx, New York, 1939; q Dublin 1965; FRCPsych), died from lung cancer on 15 August 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




John was born to a first generation Irish American family. After gaining a BSc in sociology and psychology in New Jersey, he studied medicine in Dublin. During an internship on Long Island, he developed Hodgkin's disease and underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Undaunted, he moved to Birmingham, England, in 1966 to study psychiatry. In 1972 John joined the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department at the Crichton Royal Hospital in Dumfries. He opened the first residential unit for adolescents at the Crichton the following year, which became a national resource. John enjoyed outdoor sports. He leaves his second wife, Eileen, and three children.
A Method for Determining the Reference Effective Flow Areas for Mechanical Heart Valve Prostheses
Authors: Robin Shandas, Jeffrey Kwon, Lilliam Valdes-Cruz
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The anatomic opening area (AOA) is usually reported as the primary index of mechanical heart valve function. Because flow contracts immediately distal to an orifice as a result of the vena contracta effect, AOA may not be a good measure of true effective flow area. Methods and Results —Laser flow imaging was used to visualize the contraction in the jet flow stream as it passed through bileaflet mechanical valves under steady and pulsatile conditions. Such visualization allowed clear measurement of the individual vena contracta areas (VCAs) of the 3 valve orifices. VCAs for side orifices were larger (94±2% of AOA) than those through the central orifice (34±8%). Formation of large radial vortices around the leaflet tips constricted the central orifice flow stream and appeared to be the main reason for smaller central VCA. Total VCA remained constant until ≈0.5 orifice diameters (≈1.0 cm) downstream, beyond which cross-sectional area increased as a result of entrainment of receiving chamber flow. Total VCA was larger for steady flow (89.6±2.7% of AOA) than for pulsatile flow (76.3±5.0% of AOA). Conclusions —This study further clarifies flow dynamics through bileaflet mechanical valves and provides previously unavailable reference information on VCAs for these valves. Such information should aid clinicians in explaining Doppler-derived and catheter-measured pressure discrepancies, validating clinical techniques for quantifying effective flow areas, and optimizing valve size for implantation. The method should also be useful for comparative studies of different valve designs.
Sodium Oxacillin Treatment of Primary Staphylococcal Pyodermas
Authors: Leonard L. Cotts, Thomas F. Sellers
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Antibiotics are frequently employed in the therapy of staphylococcal pyodermas, yet evidence that the lesions are benefited has never been confirmed by controlled studies. Comparison of oral sodium oxacillin and placebo therapy for staphylococcal pyoderma was made in 41 patients, by means of a random doubleblind technique. Routine therapy, including moist heat, incision, and drainage, was employed in every case. In an evaluation period of seven days, all patients receiving sodium oxacillin were significantly improved; about two thirds of the patients showed a satisfactory response while on placebo therapy. Fewer new lesions developed during the regimen of sodium oxacillin. The high incidence (33%) of penicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections encountered in this out-patient study points up the value of penicillinase-resistant penicillin when antibiotics are used.
PYODERMA GANGRENOSUM: A REAPPRAISAL OF ASSOCIATED SYSTEMIC DISEASES
Authors: JanetG. Hickman, GeraldS. Lazarus
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article PYODERMA GANGRENOSUM: A REAPPRAISAL OF ASSOCIATED SYSTEMIC DISEASES Get access JanetG. Hickman, JanetG. Hickman Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 7710, U. S. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GeraldS. Lazarus GeraldS. Lazarus Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 7710, U. S. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 102, Issue 2, 1 February 1980, Pages 235–237, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb05699.x Published: 01 February 1980
Levodopa in senile dementia.
Authors: E B Renvoize, T Jerram, G Clough
Journal: BMJ (1978)

sweating but, probably by reduction of anxiety, his generalised psoriasis was vastly improved.The axillae of a 28-year-old woman were also treated without upsetting her psoriasis.Patients usually prefer a cure to palliation.One short session of cryotherapy usually gives a lasting (up to three years' follow-up) reduction of sweating to normal levels or less.Cryotherapy is worth considering if the aluminium solution is poorly tolerated or ineffective, or needs too frequent application.
Paternal treatment for sterility and neonatal neuroblastoma
Authors: A J Sasco, P Lutz, M Pinget, F Becmeur, D Satge, A Born
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Robaire and Hales have discussed the possible effects of paternal exposure to chemicals before conception.1 We report a case of neuroblastoma diagnosed as stage IVS at birth (with manifestations in the skin and liver accompanied by lumboaortic adenopathy) in a male infant born in France whose father had been treated for sterility.

Metaiodobenzylguanidine scans yielded negative results, and N-myc oncogene was not amplified. The first two courses of chemotherapy with vincristine and cyclophosphamide according to the NB90 protocol of the French …
"Coming out"--a personal dilemma
Authors: S. Logie, A W Logie
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Iretired four years ago, aged 53. This was not through ill health or burn out, nor as a protest against the NHS reforms. It was prompted by the 1988 offer of early retirement on full pension to senior consultants, part of a solution to the problem of too many time expired senior registrars in Scotland. My wife and I had worked in the Gambia in west Africa in the late 1960s: this exerted a strong formative influence which made us both wish to return to Third World medicine when domestic commitments permitted. The offer of early retirement was too good to refuse.

One year later, in Zambia, I sustained my first needle stick injury, and this was closely followed by two further exposures to blood which was HIV positive. Six weeks after this I had a non-specific pyrexial illness which lasted one week. Back in Britain I tested positive for HIV.

We were numbed by this misfortune, but 10 days later my wife managed a short break from her work as a general practitioner and we went camping in the Lake District. The great beauty of our surroundings and the perfect weather had a wonderfully healing effect, helping us to come to terms with our situation.

A thorough medical checkup …
VLA-5 is expressed by mouse and human long-term repopulating hematopoietic cells and mediates adhesion to extracellular matrix protein fibronectin.
Authors: J C van der Loo, X Xiao, D McMillin, K Hashino, I Kato, D A Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Fibronectin (FN), an extracellular matrix protein, is involved in the adhesion and migration of hematopoietic cells and has been shown to enhance retroviral gene transfer into primitive hematopoietic cells by co-localization of target cells and retrovirus when used as a substrate in vitro. We have previously found that mouse hematopoietic stem cells could be transduced on a FN fragment that included the recognition sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), suggesting that stem cells may express the integrin very late antigen (VLA)-5. To address this, we investigated the binding of mouse and human hematopoietic cells to recombinant peptides that contained one or a combination of the three principle cell-binding domains of FN. These domains included the VLA-5- binding sequence RGD, the VLA-4-binding site CS1, and the high affinity heparin-binding domain. Here we show that mouse long-term in vivo repopulating stem cells, as well as primitive human NOD/SCID mouse repopulating cells, can bind extracellular matrix protein FN by using integrin VLA-5 in vitro. This binding is specific and can be inhibited by antibodies to VLA-5. In addition, preincubation of BM cells with peptide CH-296, which contains all three primary FN-binding domains, decreased the engraftment of cells in the bone marrow in vivo, while intravenous injection of the same peptide induced an increase of progenitor cells in the spleen. In summary, our data demonstrate that VLA-5 is expressed on primitive mouse and human hematopoietic cells and suggest that there may be significant cooperation between integrin receptors and proteoglycan molecules in the engraftment of bone marrow cells and hematopoietic cell adhesion in vivo.
Bolus and continuous/high- and low-dose diuretics had similar effects on symptoms and renal function in acute, decompensated HF
Authors: Nishant Nerella
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Felker GM, Lee KL, Bull DA, et al; NHLBI Heart Failure Clinical Research Network. Diuretic strategies in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:797-805. 21366472
Clinical Experience with Selective Inhibition of Adrenal Function
Authors: J. S. Jenkins, L. Pothier, W. J. Reddy, D. H. Nelson, G. W. Thorn
Journal: BMJ (1959)

The beneficial effects seen after adrenalectomy in some cases of mammary and prostatic carcinoma and in Cushing's syndrome have stimulated interest in sub- stances capable of inhibiting adrenal cortical function by a direct action on steroid biosynthesis.The compound which has been studied most exten- sively is amphenone B (3,3-bis (p-aminophenyl)-2- butanone), synthesized by Allen and Corwin (1952).Thorn et al. (1956) reported that the levels of urinary and plasma adrenal steroids could be reduced by this drug in man, and a decrease in urinary aldosterone was demonstrated by Renold et al. (1957).Thyroid function also was depressed, owing to interference with the CH3organic binding of iodine (Hertz et al., 1956).Unfor- tunately, however, the toxic effects of amphenone have pre.cludedits general clinical use and have led to the search for less toxic inhibitory agents.Recently, the compound, 2-methyl-1,2 bis-(3-pyridyl)- l-propanone (SU 4885), has been synthesized by Allen and Bencze, and in a preliminary study of this substance Chart et al. (1958) obtained evidence of adrenal cortical inhibition in experimental animals.Jenkins et al.
622 COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF HCV CD4+ EPITOPES THROUGH CONVENTIONAL MAPPING COMBINED WITH COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS
Authors: J. Schulzezur Wiesch, J. Listgarden, B. Li, H. Nawar, V. Kasprowicz, B. Nolan, J. Blum, L. Lewis-Ximenez, B. McGovern, T. Kuntzen, B. Kwok, T. Allen, A. Sette, A. Lohse, B. Walker, R. Chung, A. Kim, G. Lauer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
A Blueprint for a Human Epigenome Project: The AACR Human Epigenome Workshop
Authors: Peter A. Jones, Robert Martienssen
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Epigenetic processes control the packaging and function of the human genome and contribute to normal and pathologic states, including cancer. The time is ripe to undertake an international effort to identify all the chemical changes and relationships between chromatin constituents that provide function to the genetic code. A timely workshop of leading experts, convened by the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), confirmed that the technology is at hand to begin defining human epigenomes at high resolution.
Premature Concerns for Cesarean Sections?
Authors: Mortimer G. Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The article by Gleicher<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe Journalonce again documents the very important need to continue to evaluate the high rates of cesarean births while maintaining improved outcomes. Dr Gleicher suggests that even at this early date, the Consensus Development Conference should have resulted in altered obstetrical practices. For several reasons I suggest that this argument may have been prematurely raised. The Consensus Development Conference on Cesarean Child-birth was held from Sept 22 to 24, 1980. The audience at that time was approximately 300 persons. At least half of those present were members of the lay press and nonobstetricians who had concerns with the problem of high cesarean birth rates. Thus, the educable audience was indeed limited. The first reports of the conference were published in two major obstetrical journals<sup>2,3</sup>in April 1981. Finally, the official conference document was published in October 1981. If we
Extreme Pain From Brown Recluse Spider Bites
Authors: Katie S. Payne, Karen Schilli, Katlyn Meier, Ryan K. Rader, Jonathan A. Dyer, James W. Mold, Jonathan A. Green, William V. Stoecker
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Bites from the brown recluse spider (BRS) can cause extreme pain. We propose cytokine release as a cause of the discomfort and a central mechanism through glial cell upregulation to explain measured pain levels and time course.Twenty-three BRS bites were scored at a probable or documented level clinically, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to confirm the presence of BRS venom. The mean (SD) pain level in these cases 24 hours after the spider bite was severe: 6.74 (2.75) on a scale of 0 to 10. Narcotics may be needed to provide relief in some cases. The difference in pain level by anatomic region was not significant. Escalation observed in 22 of 23 cases, increasing from low/none to extreme within 24 hours, is consistent with a cytokine pain pattern, in which pain increases concomitantly with a temporal increase of inflammatory cytokines.These findings in BRS bites support the hypothesis of cytokine release in inflammatory pain. A larger series is needed to confirm the findings reported here. The extreme pain from many BRS bites motivates us to find better prevention and treatment techniques.
Prediction of Resistance to Small Molecule FLT3 Inhibitors
Authors: Jan Cools, Nicole Mentens, Pascal Furet, Doriano Fabbro, Jennifer J. Clark, James D. Griffin, Peter Marynen, D. Gary Gilliland
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 occur frequently in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Small molecules that selectively inhibit FLT3 kinase activity induce apoptosis in blasts from AML patients with FLT3 mutations and prolong survival in animal models of FLT3-induced myeloproliferative disease. A spectrum of structurally different small molecules with activity against FLT3 have been described, and their efficacy for treatment of AML and ALL is now being investigated in clinical trials. Here, we describe the results of an in vitro screen designed to identify mutations in the ATP-binding pocket of FLT3 that confer resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Mutations at four different positions (Ala-627, Asn-676, Phe-691, and Gly-697) were identified that confer varying degrees of resistance to PKC412, SU5614, or K-252a. FLT3 proteins mutated at Ala-627, Asn-676, or Phe-691 remained sensitive to higher concentrations of the inhibitors, but the G697R mutation conferred high-level resistance to each of these inhibitors as well as to six additional experimental inhibitors. These data provide insights into potential mechanisms of acquired resistance of FLT3 to small molecule inhibitors and indicate that the G697R mutation may be a clinically problematic resistance mutation that warrants proactive screening for additional inhibitors.
Percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty
Authors: D Keane, G Jackson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Figure 1. Percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty. A 49-year-old woman with symptomatic pulmonary stenosis underwent percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. In Panel A a guide wire has been advanced into the left pulmonary artery, and a contrast-filled, catheter-mounted balloon straddles the stenotic pulmonary valve. In Panel B the 25-mm balloon is fully inflated to a pressure of 3 atmospheres, with dilatation of the pulmonary valve, as evidenced by the disappearance of the balloon waist. The transvalvular pressure gradient was reduced from 65 to 32 mm Hg.
Extraction of Entrapped Capsules from the Small Bowel by Means of Push-and-Pull Enteroscopy with the Double-Balloon Technique
Authors: A. May, L. Nachbar, C. Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

The new technique of push-and-pull enteroscopy using the double-balloon technique (double-balloon enteroscopy) makes it possible to remove swallowed foreign bodies causing intestinal obstruction deep in the small bowel without the need for surgical laparotomy. This report describes two cases of enteroscopic removal of entrapped capsules. In one patient with acute recurrent intestinal bleeding and recurrent abdominal pain, Crohn’s disease had been suspected on capsule endoscopy. The second patient, with known Crohn’s disease, was suffering from abdominal pain and underwent capsule endoscopy for investigation of the small bowel. Prior enteroclysis had not revealed stenoses in either patient. An oral approach was chosen and the capsules were identified approximately 140 cm and 310 cm from the pylorus, respectively, in front of stenoses. The capsule endoscopes were removed successfully in both patients by means of push-and-pull enteroscopy using a new enteroscope device.
Muscle weakness in mechanically ventilated patients with severe asthma.
Authors: J W Leatherman, W L Fluegel, W S David, S F Davies, C Iber
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Patients who undergo mechanical ventilation for severe asthma are at risk of developing diffuse muscle weakness because of acute myopathy. The relative importance of corticosteroids and neuromuscular paralysis in causing the myopathy is controversial, and it is uncertain whether the chemical structure of the drug used to induce paralysis influences the risk of myopathy. Using a retrospective cohort study design, we evaluated 107 consecutive episodes of mechanical ventilation for severe asthma to assess (1) the incidence of clinically significant weakness in patients treated with corticosteroids alone versus corticosteroids with neuromuscular paralysis, (2) the influence of the duration of paralysis on the incidence of muscle weakness, and (3) the relative risk of weakness in patients paralyzed with the nonsteroidal drug atracurium versus an aminosteroid paralytic agent (pancuronium, vecuronium). The use of corticosteroids and a neuromuscular blocking agent was associated with a much higher incidence of muscle weakness as compared with the use of corticosteroids alone (20 of 69 versus O of 38, p < 0.001). The 20 weak patients were paralyzed significantly longer than the 49 patients who received a neuromuscular blocking agent without subsequent weakness (3.4 +/- 2.4 versus 0.6 +/- 0.7 d, p < 0.001). Eighteen of the 20 weak patients had been paralyzed for more than 24 h. The incidence of weakness was not reduced when paralysis was achieved with atracurium as opposed to an aminosteroid neuromuscular blocking agent. In conclusion, corticosteroid-treated patients with severe asthma who undergo prolonged neuromuscular paralysis are at significant risk for the development of muscle weakness, and the risk of weakness is not reduced by use of atracurium.
Ghostwritten articles overstated benefits of HRT
Authors: J. Carlowe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Review articles and commentaries that were ghostwritten overstated the benefits of hormone replacement therapy and downplayed its harms, says an analysis published in PLoS Medicine (2010;7(9):e1000335, doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335).

The finding is from an analysis of 1500 documents unsealed in recent litigation against the giant drug company Wyeth (now part of Pfizer) that looked at how drug companies use ghostwriters to insert marketing messages into articles published in medical journals.

Adriane Fugh-Berman, associate professor in the department of physiology at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, DC, who led the analysis, calls on the medical profession to take action to prevent the “unscrupulous relationships” between the industry and …