tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What doesn't kill you makes you stronger: How hepatocytes survive prolonged cholestasis
Authors: Jacquelyn J. Maher, Hartmut Jaeschke, Kevin Mullen, Darius Moradpour
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The goals of the current study are to examine the extent and mechanisms of apoptosis in cholestatic liver injury and to explore the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in protection against bile acid-induced apoptosis. Cholestatic liver injury was induced by bile duct ligation in Wistar rats. Furthermore, primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were exposed to glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, and to cytokines. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining, active caspase-3 staining, and by activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3. Limited hepatocyte apoptosis and increased expression of NF-kappaB-regulated anti-apoptotic genes A1 and cIAP2 were detected in cholestatic rat liver specimens. Bcl-2 expression was restricted to bile duct epithelium. In contrast to taurochenodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid, GCDCA induced apoptosis in a Fas-associated protein with death domain-independent pathway in hepatocytes. Although bile acids do not activate NF-kappaB, NF-kappaB activation by cytokines (induced during cholestasis) protected against GCDCA-induced apoptosis in vitroby upregulating A1 and cIAP2. GCDCA induces apoptosis in a mitochondria-controlled pathway in which caspase-8 is activated in a Fas-associated protein with death domain-independent manner. However, bile acid-induced apoptosis in cholestasis is limited. This could be explained by cytokine-induced activation of NF-kappaB-regulated antiapoptosis genes like A1 and cIAP2.
Increase in drug resistance among Shigella dysenteriae, Sh flexneri, and Sh boydii.
Authors: R J Gross, B Rowe, T Cheasty, L V Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Two thousand three hundred and seventy strains of Shigella dysenteriae, Sh flexneri, and Sh boydii isolated in England and Wales from 1974 to 1978 were tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobial drugs. Eighty per cent of strains were resistant to one or more drugs, with sulphonamide resistance occurring most frequently. Resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol increased during the period, as did the incidence of multiple resistance. Most infections due to Sh dysenteriae, Sh flexneri, and Sh boydii are acquired abroad, and the increasing incidence of drug resistance among these organisms contrasts with the decreasing incidence of resistance among the indigenous Sh sonnei. These findings may indicate the need for better control of antibiotic use, particularly in developing countries.
Gastrointestinal Cancer Surveillance by Optical Sensing
Authors: Irving J. Bigio, Satish K. Singh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Will the practice of gastrointestinal cancer surveillance be revised by the advent of optical sensing?

This is not a facetious question. The article in this issue by Liu and associates ([1][1]) reports the first possible method for minimally invasive (and early) detection of pancreatic cancer.
Metaphysics and murder
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Metaphysics, said the philosopher F H Bradley, is the finding of bad reasons for what we believe upon instinct. Nowadays, however, it seems more to be the finding of bad reasons for what we disbelieve on instinct.

In my youth I used to read metaphysics with an excitement that now seems to me strange and that I cannot recapture. Nevertheless, I have returned a little to philosophy, reading it in a desultory fashion according to what books I find in charity or second hand bookshops. Recently, for example, I found Peter Singer’s The Expanding Circle: Ethics and Sociobiology , published in 1981.

Singer is an Australian philosopher (whose mother was a doctor) who sprang to …
Review: Early surgery improves outcomes in patients with primary supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Claire Creutzfeldt, David Tirschwell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club21 April 2009Review: Early surgery improves outcomes in patients with primary supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhageClaire Creutzfeldt, MD, David Tirschwell, MD, MScClaire Creutzfeldt, MDHarborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.C., D.T.)Search for more papers by this author, David Tirschwell, MD, MScHarborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.C., D.T.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-8-200904210-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationPrasad K, Mendelow AD, Gregson B. Surgery for primary supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;4:CD000200. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18843607Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Critical Care: Neurology: Reference1 Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Fernandes HM, et al. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;365:387-97. [PMID: 15680453] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.C., D.T.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 April 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 April 2009Volume 150, Issue 8Page: JC4-10KeywordsActivities of daily livingEndoscopic surgeryHemorrhagePatientsQuality of lifeStatistical dataStrokeSurgerySystematic reviews ePublished: 21 April 2009 Issue Published: 21 April 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
705 INCREASED PREVALENCE OF MONOCLONAL B LYMPHOCYTOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: P. Johansson, E. Maldonado de Dechene, L. Eisele, S. Kieruzel, P. Horn, U. Schmücker, I. Vetter, U. Dührsen, G. Gerken, J. Dürig, J. Schlaak
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Novel Mode for Neutrophil Protease Cathepsin G–Mediated Signaling
Authors: Khadija Rafiq, Marie Hanscom, Kristoffer Valerie, Susan F. Steinberg, Abdelkarim Sabri
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Neutrophils are thought to orchestrate myocardial remodeling during the early progression to cardiac failure through the release of reactive oxygen species, antimicrobial peptides, and proteases. Although neutrophil activation may be beneficial at early stages of disease, excessive neutrophil infiltration can induce cardiomyocyte death and tissue damage. The neutrophil-derived serine protease cathepsin G (Cat.G) has been shown to induce neonatal rat cardiomyocyte detachment and apoptosis by anoikis. However, the involved signaling mechanisms for Cat.G are not well understood. This study identifies epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation as a mechanism whereby Cat.G induces signaling in cardiomyocytes. Cat.G induced a rapid and transient increase in EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation, and inhibition of EGFR kinase activity, either with AG1478 or by expression of kinase inactive EGFR mutants (EGFR-CD533), markedly attenuated EGFR downstream signaling and myocyte anoikis induced by Cat.G. Consistent with this effect of EGFR, high level expression of wild-type EGFR was sufficient to promote myocyte apoptosis. We also found that matrix metalloproteinase-dependent membrane shedding of heparin-binding EGF was involved in Cat.G signaling and that membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase activation may constitute a potential target that entails matrix metalloproteinase activation induced by Cat.G. The paradoxical proapoptotic effect of EGFR appeared to be dependent on protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (Src homology domain 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2) activation and focal adhesion kinase downregulation. These results show that Cat.G-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis involves an increase in EGFR-dependent activation of SHP2 that promotes focal adhesion kinase dephosphorylation and subsequent cardiomyocyte anoikis.
Falls from trees and tree associated injuries in rural Melanesians.
Authors: P Barss, P Dakulala, M Doolan
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Falls from trees and other tree related injuries are the most common cause of trauma in some parts of rural Melanesia. A four year review of all admissions for trauma to the Provincial Hospital at Alotau, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, showed that 27% were due to falls from trees, and a further 10% were due to related injuries, such as being struck by a falling branch or a coconut. A questionnaire distributed to rural health centres showed that during the study period at least 28 villagers died from falls from trees before reaching hospital. Head and chest trauma were common causes of death. Many injured patients were boys. Forearm fractures were the most common injuries, but more serious injuries were also frequently encountered. Trees responsible for most deaths and injuries included the coconut palm, betel palm, mango, and breadfruit. There are many strategies for preventing such injuries; perhaps the most important is to stop small boys climbing tall trees. Such falls are a serious occupational hazard for many subsistence farmers.
Narration
Authors: Frank Cole
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Edoxaban was noninferior to warfarin for preventing stroke or systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Stacy A. Johnson, Matthew T. Rondina
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

ACP Journal Club18 March 2014Edoxaban was noninferior to warfarin for preventing stroke or systemic embolism in atrial fibrillationStacy A. Johnson, MD, Matthew T. Rondina, MDStacy A. Johnson, MDUniversity Healthcare Thrombosis Service, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (S.A.J., M.T.R.)Search for more papers by this author, Matthew T. Rondina, MDUniversity Healthcare Thrombosis Service, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (S.A.J., M.T.R.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-160-6-201403180-02007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationGiugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, et al; ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Investigators. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:2093-104. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24251359Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Hematology: References1 Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, et al; ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:981-92. [PMID: 21870978] Google Scholar2 Mahaffey KW, Hellkamp AS, Patel MR, et al. End of study transition from study drug to open-label vitamin K antagonist therapy: the ROCKET AF experience. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013;6:470-8. [PMID: 23759472] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stacy A. Johnson, MD; Matthew T. Rondina, MDAffiliations: University Healthcare Thrombosis Service, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (S.A.J., M.T.R.)This article was published at Annals.org on 4 March 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUsing an Atrial Fibrillation Decision Support Tool for Thromboprophylaxis in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Sex and Age 18 March 2014Volume 160, Issue 6 Page: JC7 Keywords Atrial fibrillation Drugs Hazard ratio Hemorrhage Hemorrhagic stroke Ischemic stroke Number needed to treat Safety Stroke Therapeutic drug monitoring ePublished: 18 March 2014 Issue Published: 18 March 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Letter by Semsarian and Ingles Regarding Article, “A Randomized Trial of Social Media From <i>Circulation</i> ”
Authors: Christopher Semsarian, Jodie Ingles
Journal: Circulation (2015)

The authors should be congratulated first for studying the role of social media in the setting of journal article views and second for using a randomized, controlled trial methodology to rigorously investigate the intervention.The impact of social media in all aspects of life is substantial and is widely accessible on a global scale.With >1 billion people using Facebook and the growing acceptance of platforms such as Twitter to disseminate information rapidly and across broad populations, it is likely that such social media approaches can affect many aspects of cardiovascular medicine, research, and education.Although the present study showed no impact of social media on journal article views, there are likely to be important limitations that may have masked potential beneficial effects of social media.Our main concern is the outcome measure of "30-day page views," which is really just one aspect of measuring the effect of the social media exposure.First, the time period may be too short to truly measure page views.Second, some people may have been exposed to the article heading and summary but chose not to open the page.Third, measures such as how many times the Facebook or Twitter post was shared or retweeted may illustrate the exponential effect of cumulative exposure and rapid dissemination of the article in question.Our group has recently demonstrated the benefits of Twitter notifications and retweets in spreading information rapidly among the cardiovascular community. 2Fourth, other measures of outcome very relevant to the journal readership might be considered in longer-term studies, specifically whether the social media campaign affects journal citations.There is some emerging evidence that judicious tweets, directing or "pinpointing" followers to specific articles, may increase journal citations. 3urthermore, for a successful social media campaign, high numbers of baseline followers are essential.At the start of the study by Fox et al, there were 2219 followers of @CircAHA Twitter and 16 215 followers of the Circulation Facebook page.These would be considered modest numbers (compared with 50.4 million followers for President Barack Obama or 220 000 followers of the New England Journal of Medicine on Twitter) and would therefore limit the impact of any social media campaign.We agree entirely with Fox et al that the present study, although negative, stimulates further research to elucidate the most effective way to use social media to promote research and to promote education and knowledge among the cardiovascular readership and the wider community.
Controlled comparison of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: Veterans Administration multicenter study
Authors: Robert A. Gutman, Michael J. Blumenkrantz, Yick-Kwong Chan, Galen L. Barbour, Vasant C. Gandhi, Fu H. Shen, Thomas Tucker, Benjamin J. Murawski, Jack W. Coburn, Frederick K. Curtis
Journal: Kidney International (1984)
US patients seek doctors' help in suicides
Authors: C.-G. Mcdaniel
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A survey of physicians in Washington state has found that about a quarter of patients who seek their doctors' help in committing suicide are given a prescription for that purpose. The survey also found that a quarter of patients requesting euthanasia received their doctor's help.

The survey, reported in JAMA (1996;275:919-25), involved a random sample of 25% of primary care physicians in the state and all physicians in selected subspecialties who were likely to treat …
Exercise and dietary advice can reduce blood pressure
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among 810 adults who were counselled on weight loss, exercise, and a low salt diet and who were given specific instructions on their diet dropped radically in six months, says a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association (2003;289:2083-93).

The chairman of the study, Lawrence Appel, professor of medicine, epidemiology, and international health at Johns Hopkins University, said the study “shows that people can simultaneously make multiple lifestyle changes that lower their blood pressure and improve their health.” He said the key issue now is helping people to maintain such changes.

The study presents the main results of …
Aspirin prolongs bleeding time in uremia by a mechanism distinct from platelet cyclooxygenase inhibition.
Authors: F Gaspari, G Viganò, S Orisio, M Bonati, M Livio, G Remuzzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We reported that aspirin (ASA) abnormally prolongs bleeding time (BT) in uremia. The present study was designed to investigate whether the abnormally prolonged post-ASA BT in uremia is due to different ASA pharmacokinetics and bioavailability that might be a consequence of uremic condition, platelet cyclooxygenase is peculiarly sensitive to ASA in uremia, and ASA affects primary hemostasis in uremia by a mechanism independent of cyclooxygenase inhibition. Our results showed that in patients with uremia, but not in normal subjects, ASA markedly prolongs the BT. This effect is transient and depends on the presence of ASA in the blood. The observed differences in ASA kinetic parameters are not an explanation of the exaggerated effect of ASA on primary hemostasis in uremia. The sensitivity of platelet cyclooxygenase to ASA inhibition is comparable in uremics and in normal subjects. The temporal dissociation between ASA-induced prolongation of BT and the effect on platelet thromboxane A2 generation suggests that ASA inhibits platelet function in uremia by a mechanism distinct from cyclooxygenase blocking. This possibility is strengthened by the observation that ibuprofen at a dose that fully inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase activity does not significantly prolong BT.
Pharmacology, Toxicity, and Therapeutic Usefulness of Amphotericin B
Authors: William T. Butler
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The polyene antibiotic, amphotericin B, has been used clinically for nearly ten years, and during this time, it has played a paramount role in the treatment of systemic fungal diseases. Recently reported studies not only have confirmed the early favorable reports but have served to define more clearly the degree of effectiveness of the drug in treatment of specific fungal infections. In addition, certain aspects of the pharmacological and toxic properties of the drug have been explained.  Drug Preparations  Amphotericin B is available in two types of preparations, one which forms a microcrystalline suspension and the other which forms a colloidal suspension in water.  Microcrystalline Preparation.—  This material is marketed in two forms. The first is for topical application and includes 3% amphotericin B in appropriate vehicles to form a lotion, cream, or ointment. It has been used for topical application in superficial Candida infections. 1 The second, or oral
Cis -preferential recruitment of duck hepatitis B virus core protein to the RNA/polymerase preassembly complex
Authors: Fritz von Weizsäcker, Josef Köck, Stefan Wieland, Jürgen Beck, Michael Nassal, Hubert E. Blum
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Hepadnaviral replication requires the concerted action of the polymerase and core proteins to ensure selective packaging of the RNA pregenome into nucleocapsids. Virus assembly is initiated by cis-preferential binding of polymerase to the encapsidation signal straightepsilon, present on pregenomic RNA. Using the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) model, we analyzed how core protein is recruited to the RNA/polymerase preassembly complex. Two sets of trans-complementation assays were performed in cotransfected hepatoma cells. First, a replication-competent DHBV construct was tested for its ability to rescue replication of genomes bearing mutations within the core region. Self-packaging of wild-type pregenomes was more efficient than cross-packaging of core-deficient pregenomes, and this bias was strongly enhanced if mutant pregenomes coded for self-assembly-competent, but packaging-deficient, core proteins. Second, the site of wild-type core protein translation, i.e., pregenomic RNA (cis) or separate messenger RNA (trans), was analyzed for its effect on the phenotype of a previously described dominant-negative (DN) DHBV core protein mutant. This mutant forms chimeric nucleocapsids with wild-type core proteins and blocks reverse transcription within most, but not all, mixed particles. Strikingly, suppression of viral DNA synthesis by the mutant increased 100-fold when wild-type core protein was provided in trans. Our results suggest that recruitment of core protein to the DHBV preassembly complex occurs in a cis-preferential manner. This mechanism may account for the leakiness of DN DHBV core protein mutants targeting reverse transcription.
On the Study of Mental Diseases
Authors: G. W. Dyke
Journal: BMJ (1842)

PAROCHIAL MEDICAL RELIEF.341 of its total ablation, without the absolute destruction of the organ itself.At the same time Lisfranic states that while some of these cancers are regarded as deepseated erroneously, the latter coindition may exist, and require the complete amputation of the part.-CliniqueClkiruryicale.