tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differences in Opportunities for the Disabled in England and Scotland: A Survey of Paraplegics in Scotland
Authors: R. H. Johnson, G. S. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The facilities available to disabled people living in Scotland were studied by visiting and interviewing a group of 50 paraplegics living in Glasgow and the surrounding counties. The degree of unemployment in the group (74%) was far greater than has been reported in other surveys, and no quadriplegic was in remunerative employment. Though the general unemployment level in the area is high services to help the disabled gain employment were only partially utilized.Liaison between social workers was not always successful. Some paraplegics were visited at home by both a medical social worker and a local authority social worker, while others were not supported by either. There was no apparent attempt by local authorities to identify the disabled, as is required in England under Section 1 of the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act, 1970. Several paraplegics lacked facilities which are covered by Section 2 of the Act. The exclusion of Scotland from Sections 1 and 2 of the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act may widen the differences between the two countries as the Scottish legislation is less specific.
Endocrine and Cytogenetic Findings in Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis.
Authors: Daniel D. Federman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Endocrine and Cytogenetic Findings in Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis.Daniel D. Federman, M.D., Frank M. Davidoff, M.D.Daniel D. Federman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Frank M. Davidoff, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1027_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe syndrome of mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MCD), in which the gonads are a testis and an undifferentiated "streak," provides a junction point among true hermaphroditism (testis plus ovary), gonadal dysgenesis (two streaks), and male pseudo-hermaphroditism (two abnormal testes). The internal genitalia are female, but external development describes a complete spectrum from female to male. Studies of two new cases, including cytogenetic findings in culture of gonads, suggest a new interpretation of the syndrome.One patient was tall and phenotypically female but became virilized at puberty. Plasma testosterone was 0.33 before gonadectomy, 0.03 afterwards. Cytogenetic study showed XO/XY/XYY mosaicism. A second... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1027-1028KeywordsBlood plasmaCytogeneticsGonadsOvariesPubertyTestesTestosterone Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Classical logic, conditionals and “nonmonotonic” reasoning
Authors: Nicholas Allott, Hiroyuki Uchida
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Reasoning with conditionals is often thought to be non-monotonic, but there is no incompatibility with classical logic, and no need to formalise inference itself as probabilistic. When the addition of a new premise leads to abandonment of a previously compelling conclusion reached by modus ponens , for example, this is generally because it is hard to think of a model in which the conditional and the new premise are true.
The Cardiopulmonary Failure of Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Authors: Jesse B. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1986)

SLIGHTLY more than 100 years following the publication of the<i>Pick-wick Papers</i>, wherein Charles Dickens described the hypersomnolent and obese character Joe, the term<i>pickwickian syndrome</i>was applied to a group of patients exhibiting obesity, hypersomnolence, hypoventilation, and erythrocytosis.<sup>1</sup>Since this descriptive report, a large amount of information regarding the clinical spectrum, pathophysiology, and treatment of various forms of sleep-induced breathing disorders has been generated,<sup>2</sup>requiring increased clinical awareness of methods of diagnosis and treatment. Sleep-induced breathing disorders include the following: sleep apnea syndromes, such as central, obstructive, and mixed apnea; primary alveolar hypoventilation; periodic or irregular breathing patterns; and nocturnal hypoxemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or neuromuscular disorders (NMD). Apneas are defined as the complete cessation of ventilation and may be analyzed by<i>polysomnography</i><sup>3</sup>—the simultaneous recording during sleep of an electroencephalogram (to characterize sleep stage and pattern), measures of airflow (by means of
Ulcerative colitis in a husband and wife.
Authors: G M Batty, W E Wilkins, J S Morris
Journal: Gut (1994)

The case histories of a husband and wife who developed ulcerative colitis after 28 years of marriage are described. It is hoped this report will stimulate the systematic study of inflammatory bowel disease occurring in both partners of a marriage and clarify the comparative importance of constitutional and environmental factors in its pathogenesis.
THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTROPHIC AND INTUMESCENT RHINITIS WITH THE GALVANOCAUTERY.
Authors: E. FLETCHER INGALS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In this paper we have considered the treatment of these two conditions together for the reason that most authors consider them as but two phases of a single disease and also because in the majority of cases the treatment adapted to the hypertrophic form of the disease is precisely the one that would be most efficient in the condition attended by repeated but temporary swelling of the parts. In the latter condition the swelling may entirely subside under the influence of cocain or adrenalin applied locally, whereas in true hypertrophy only a part of the swelling disappears under like measures. In selecting this very old and threadbare subject, we are influenced by the conviction that the hue and cry raised against what we consider the safest and best form of treatment is largely the echo from those inexperienced in the proper technic or misguided by injudicious instructors. The objections of
Survival without Common Toxicity Criteria Grade 3/4 Toxicity for Pemetrexed Compared with Docetaxel in Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Risk-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Jean-Louis Pujol, Sofia Paul, Nadia Chouaki, Patrick Peterson, Patti Moore, Donald A. Berry, Marc Salzberg
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
PRODUCTION OF BCG VACCINE IN A LIQUID MEDIUM CONTAINING TWEEN 80 AND A SOLUBLE FRACTION OF HEATED HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Frank Fenner, René J. Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

Groups of guinea pigs were vaccinated by the intracutaneous route with cultures of BCG grown in a liquid medium containing Tween 80 and the soluble fraction of heated human serum. After the cultures had been stored at 4 degrees C. for various periods of time, the antigenic response was compared with that of another group of guinea pigs receiving standard BCG vaccine prepared by the conventional technique. The local lesions occurring at the site of injection of cultures in Tween-serum filtrate medium were more severe than those produced by the standard vaccine. It was shown that this difference was probably due to the much larger number of viable bacilli in the former preparations. A marked degree of sensitization could be produced with culture dilutions containing as few as 10 viable units (single bacilli or small clumps). Slightly larger doses of BCG led to the highest degree of tuberculin allergy detectable by the technique employed. Further increases in the dose of vaccine failed to alter the level of sensibility when the animals were tested with tuberculin 5 weeks after vaccination. The same degree of sensitization was achieved by vaccination with 0.1 cc. of either the standard vaccine or any of the fresh or stored cultures in Tween-serum filtrate medium. It was shown that these doses contained numbers of living bacilli far greater than the minimal number required to induce maximal sensitization. Under the conditions used, the guinea pigs vaccinated with cultures of BCG (fresh or stored) grown in the Tween-serum filtrate medium exhibited a marked degree of resistance to subcutaneous infection with virulent tubercle bacilli.
Phenindione-induced neuropathy.
Authors: T. N. Mehrotra
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Mononeuritis has been well recognized in diabetes, alcoholism, polyarteritis nodosa, carcinomatosis, and leprosy.Traumatic mononeuritis was not uncommon during wars.Of the blood disorders haemophilia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, porphyria, macroglobulinaemia, and myelomatosis are too well known.Two cases of neuropathy due to anticoagulant therapy are reported.
Serum S100B as a Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Breast Cancer.
Authors: D. McCartan, M. McIlroy, A. Hill, L. Young
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract BackgroundThe nuclear receptor co-activator SRC-1 has recently been implicated as an important mediator of breast cancer metastasis in vitro. These findings are in keeping with previous reports from our group reporting significantly reduced disease free survival in patients who express SRC-1 when compared to those who do not. We identified the developmental protein HOXc11 as interacting with SRC-1 in tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells. Dysregulation of homeobox genes has been reported in a wide variety of both solid organ and haematological malignancies. The putative target gene of HOXc11, S100B is a secreted protein, known to be of prognostic significance in malignant melanoma. The aim of this work was to examine the relationship between HOXc11, SRC-1 and S100B and their relevance to disease progression in breast cancer.Materials and MethodsAll chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and proliferation assays were performed in tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells derived from MCF7s. Immunohistochemistry was performed for S100B, HOXc11 and SRC-1 on a tissue microarray of 560 patients with invasive breast cancer with a median follow up of 6.5 years. S100B was assessed using an ELISA based technique (Diasorin, USA) on serum samples of a prospective cohort of patients with breast cancer prior to any treatment.ResultsChIP assays confirmed recruitment of both HOXc11 and SRC-1 to the promoter region of S100B after treatment with tamoxifen at both 45 minutes and 2 hours when compared to control. Treatment of tamoxifen resistant cells with HOXc11 siRNA resensitised the cells to the anti-proliferative effects of tamoxifen. Immunohistochemistry revealed S100B to be a strong predictor of reduced disease free survival in patients receiving adjuvant endocrine treatment (Hazard ratio 5.82; p&amp;lt;0.0001). Tumour expression of S100B was associated with expression of both HOXc11 and SRC-1 providing translational evidence for a relationship between these proteins. Elevated serum levels (&amp;gt;0.15ug/l) of S100B were found in 10.5% of patients with breast cancer prior to treatment. Elevated S100B correlated with HER2 positivity (Fisher's exact: p=0.005) but not with any of the other standard clinico-pathological factors examined. From a cohort of 80 patients with known medium to long term follow up, elevated serum S100B showed a strong positive correlation with disease recurrence (p=0.017, odds ratio 9.38).DiscussionOur investigations into the prognostic significance of S100B in breast cancer have shown considerable promise. Given it's accessibility as a serum protein, quantifiable by ELISA, it offers potential as a marker for disease recurrence in patients with breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4052.
Preliminary characterization of a structural defect in homozygous sickled cell alpha spectrin demonstrated by a rabbit autoantibody
Authors: Carlos A. Monteiro, Xunda Gibson, Archil Shartava, Steven R. Goodman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

We have identified a rabbit autoantibody that strongly reacts with the core membrane skeleton of control red blood cells, and does not react with low- or high-density sickle cell core skeletons upon indirect immunofluorescence. Western blot analysis of red blood cell membrane proteins, utilizing this autoantibody, indicated no reactivity to any protein when SDS-PAGE was conducted in the presence of the reducing agent, dithiothreitol. However when SDS-PAGE was performed on control red blood cell membrane proteins separated in the absence of dithiothreitol, the autoantibody specifically reacted with a high molecular weight polypeptide (apparent Mr approximately equal to 310 kD) representing a DTT sensitive form of control alpha spectrin, which we refer to as alpha' spectrin. There was no staining of high density or low density sickle cell alpha or alpha' spectrin. This autoantibody should be an excellent tool for the fine mapping of structural change(s) in control vs. sickle cell alpha spectrin, and determination of whether the structural alteration effects spectrin dimer-tetramer interconversion and/or the spectrin-actin interaction. The modification in alpha spectrin, detected by this antibody, is very specific for homozygous SS alpha spectrin because sickle cell beta+ thalassemic alpha spectrin and sickle cell trait alpha spectrin react intensely with the autoantibody.
From patients to end users
Authors: T. Ferguson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Some doctors still tremble in their boots when patients bring in printouts from the internet. If they refuse to read them, their patients may take offence. But if they attempt to review and discuss them, they may precipitate long, inconclusive discussions. And since many internet aware patients bring in information which their doctors know nothing about,1 such discussions can sometimes be embarrassing. Consequently, some doctors have gone so far as to warn their patients, “Whatever you do, don't go on the internet.”

Some studies seem to confirm the wisdom of such advice. A recent literature search turned up 100 studies that attempted to rate the accuracy and completeness of health information on the world wide web. Ratings ranged from about 15% to 85% (Eysenbach G. personal communication). Some doctors have understandably concluded that the healthcare information on the net is not to be trusted.

Our recent surveys at the Pew Internet and American Life Project offer a strikingly different perspective. 2 3 Of adults from the United States who had gone online for health information, 92% said that the last time they went online they found what they were looking for; 81% said they learned something new; 88% said the …
Ibn Sina and the Clinical Trial
Authors: Mohammad M. Sajadi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Approximately 1000 years ago, a physician by the name of Ibn Sina, known in the West as “Avicenna,” wrote 7 conditions for “The recognition of the strengths of the characteristics of medicines through experimentation.” Ibn Sina proposed applying logic to the testing of drugs, and in doing so, he wrote the earliest known treatise related to clinical trials. This article presents an overview and the historical context of Ibn Sina's life and work. In addition, the authors provide a translation of his treatise on drug testing and discuss its similarity to modern concepts of pharmacology and clinical trials.
Long term maintenance therapy with sucralfate.
Authors: K G Wormsley
Journal: Gut (1991)

With more than one billion Muslims living primarily in regions with enormous infrastructure needs - the Middle East, Asia, and Africa - there is a growing need to understand Islamic culture, financial systems, and commercial practices. Toward that end, this case study is an attempt to explain the basic tenets of Islamic finance as they pertain to project finance and infrastructure development. The Equate petrochemical project, a joint venture between Union Carbide and a subsidiary of Kuwait9s National Oil Company, shows that co-financed structures can work and creates a template for future deals across the Islamic world.
1073-149 Intravenous glucose loading attenuates coronary flow velocity reserve due to increased baseline coronary flow velocity in healthy volunteers
Authors: Takayuki Kawata, Masao Daimon, Rei Hasegawa, Kiyomi Teramoto, Tomohiko Toyoda, Tai Sekine, Katsuya Yoshida, Issei Komuro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Clinical Utility of Bone SPECT Scintigraphy in Renal Metastases From Primary Osteosarcoma
Authors: ANTONIO G. BALINGIT, STEVEN RUDD, SCOTT WILLIAMS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Renal metastases from primary osteosarcomas are rather uncommon and rarely diagnosed early because the patients are asymptomatic and frequently die from other metastatic involvement before renal symptoms develop. The authors present a patient with two clinically silent renal metastases from primary osteosarcoma of the right femur 2 years after surgery of the primary lesion that was first detected on radionuclide bone imaging. Subsequently, a CT scan and a CT guided needle biopsy were performed for confirmation. The patient underwent a left nephrectomy and two separate lesions were proven to be metastatic osteosarcoma. The clinical importance of the nuclear bone scan in the initial management, as well as in the subsequent follow-up of patients after surgery, cannot be overemphasized.
Tattoo-Related Brachial Plexopathies with Adjacent Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Jeffrey John Post
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters17 April 2001Tattoo-Related Brachial Plexopathies with Adjacent Muscle AtrophyJeffrey John Post, MBBS, FRACPJeffrey John Post, MBBS, FRACPUniversity of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052, Australia (Post)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Steiner and colleagues (1) report three cases of focal neuromuscular dysfunction that developed 3 to 6 months after tattooing, and they hypothesize that the mechanism is related to “an immune-mediated reaction secondary to local inflammatory changes … or toxic effect of the pigment.” They consider that the ipsilateral position of the tattoo and subsequent brachial plexopathy represent causation by the tattoo, but the number in their series is too small to allow confidence of this assertion. In addition, clinicians are more likely to detect an ipsilateral than a contralateral (or remote) tattoo, and this may bias the ...References1. Steiner I, Farcas P, Wirguin I. Tattoo-related brachial plexopathies with adjacent muscle atrophy [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:158-9. [PMID: 0010896644] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Long GE, Rickman LS. Infectious complications of tattoos. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;18:610-9. [PMID: 0008038318] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Post JJ, Dolan KA, Whybin LR, Carter WJ, Haber PS, Lloyd AR. Acute hepatitis C virus infection in an Australian prison inmate: tattooing as a possible transmission route. Med J Aust. 2001;174:183-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Calabrese LH, Proffitt MR, Levin KH, Yen-Lieberman B, Starkey C. Acute infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated with acute brachial neuritis and exanthematous rash. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:849-51. [PMID: 0003688679] LinkGoogle Scholar5. Reutens DC, Dunne JW, Leather H. Neuralgic amyotrophy following recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccination [Letter]. Muscle Nerve. 1990;13:461. [PMID: 0002345565] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052, Australia (Post) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTattoo-Related Brachial Plexopathies with Adjacent Muscle Atrophy Israel Steiner , Peter Farcas , and Itzhak Wirguin Tattoo-Related Brachial Plexopathies with Adjacent Muscle Atrophy Israel Steiner and Itzhak Wirguin Metrics 17 April 2001Volume 134, Issue 8Page: 715KeywordsAtrophyHIV infectionsHepatitis AHepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusInfectious hepatitisMusclesViral transmission and infection ePublished: 17 April 2001 Issue Published: 17 April 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Assessment of competence to complete advance directives: validation of a patient centred approach
Authors: S. Fazel, T. Hope, R. Jacoby
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To develop a patient centred approach for the assessment of competence to complete advance directives ("living wills") of elderly people with cognitive impairment. <b>Design</b>:Semistructured interviews. <b>Setting</b>:Oxfordshire. <b>Subjects</b>: 50 elderly volunteers living in the community, and 50&nbsp;patients withdementia on first referral from primary care. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Psychometric properties of competence assessment <b>Results</b>: This patient centred approach for assessing competence to complete advance directives can discriminate between elderly persons living in the community and elderly patients with dementia. The procedure has good interrater (<i>r</i>=0.95) and test-retest (<i>r</i>=0.97) reliability. Validity was examined by relating this approach with a global assessment of competence to complete an advance directive made by two of us (both specialising in oldage psychiatry). The data were also used to determine the best threshold score for discriminating between those competent and those incompetent to complete an advance directive. <b>Conclusion</b>: A patient centred approach to assess competence to complete advance directives can be reliably and validly used in routine clinical practice.
REACTION TO STREPTOKINASE AND STREPTODORNASE
Authors: Joseph M. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:  —The unusual reaction to the intrapleural administration of streptokinase and streptodornase described by Baum and Oransky inThe Journal, July 12, 1952, page 1012, has been observed although not reported previously (Miller and Long: U. S. Armed Forces M. J.  3: 1061 [July] 1952). In essence, a large amount of fluid accumulates very rapidly in the pleural cavity. An outpouring of serum is one of the local reactions to streptokinase. This influx of fluid and the liquefaction of fibrin in the pleural cavity may displace the mediastinum and cause cardiorespiratory embarrassment if the accumulated fluid is not released.  The use of intercostal closed catheter drainage, in all but minimal instances of hemothorax, when streptokinase and streptodornase are injected, will prevent the reaction described by Baum and Oransky. The enzymes are dissolved in 20 cc. of sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution and injected through the catheter, which is