tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CD56+ T cells inhibit hepatitis C virus replication in human hepatocytes
Authors: Li Ye, Xu Wang, Shihong Wang, Yanjian Wang, Li Song, Wei Hou, Lin Zhou, He Li, Wenzhe Ho
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

CD56+ T cells are abundant in liver and play an important role in defense against viral infections. However, the role of CD56+ T cells in control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains to be determined. We investigated the noncytolytic anti-HCV activity of primary CD56+ T cells in human hepatocytes. When HCV Japanese fulminant hepatitis-1 (JFH-1)–infected hepatocytes were co-cultured with CD56+ T cells or incubated in media conditioned with CD56+ T cell culture supernatants (SN), HCV infectivity and replication were significantly inhibited. The antibodies to interferon (IFN)-γ or IFN-γ receptor could largely block CD56+ T cell–mediated anti-HCV activity. Investigation of mechanism(s) responsible for CD56+ T cell–mediated noncytolytic anti-HCV activity showed that CD56+ T SN activated the multiple elements of janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway and enhanced the expression of IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) 1, 3, 7, 8, and 9, resulting in the induction of endogenous IFN-α/β expression in hepatocytes. Moreover, CD56+ T SN treatment inhibited the expression of HCV-supportive micro RNA (miRNA)-122 and enhanced the levels of anti-HCV miRNA-196a in human hepatocytes. Conclusion: These findings provide direct in vitro evidence at cellular and molecular levels that CD56+ T cells may have an essential role in innate immune cell–mediated defense against HCV infection. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Cor Triloculare Biatriatum
Authors: WILLIAM N. CHAMBERS, MODESTINO G. CRISCITIELLO, FAIRFIELD GOODALE
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The case of a 41-year-old woman with congenital pulmonary stenosis and single ventricle is reported. This is the fifteenth instance recorded of survival to adult life of a patient with cor triloculare biatriatum. Increased pulmonary resistance may be a reason for her comparative longevity, and the significance of prominent bronchopulmonary anastomoses has been discussed. This patient's course demonstrates the hazards of phlebotomy in congenital heart disease and secondary polycythemia. The mechanism for this adverse effect is not understood and warrants further study. Although others have discussed the problem informally, this appears to be the first documented report of the precipitation of multiple cerebral thromboses following phlebotomies.
A dead cert: what we might learn at the bookmakers
Authors: Ike Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Even among supposedly well educated people you can find those who, deprived of calculators, would need to remove their footwear to do the simplest sums. Although medicine has its fair share of such numerically challenged individuals, it can also call on massed ranks of skilled mathematicians who are dedicated to producing and making sense of data. Still, notwithstanding the combined, crucial efforts of statisticians, health economists, epidemiologists, public health doctors, and assorted fellow travellers, something’s missing.⇑

By and large the mathematically adept employ ideas and share technospeak that …
SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE NORMAL SPLEEN
Authors: P. I. Nixon
Journal: JAMA (1931)

H. S., a youth, aged 14, felt as well as usual on the morning of Jan. 20, 1931. On arising he ate a large breakfast. Shortly after breakfast he became nauseated and vomited immediately. His retching was quite hard. He had no pain prior to vomiting but experienced a slight pain in the epigastrium shortly thereafter. Within an hour the pain was rather general over his abdomen. No history of trauma could be elicited from the patient or his friends at the military school where he lived. I saw him two hours after the onset and found him suffering with moderate pain and nausea. His pulse was 80; his temperature 98. Examination revealed nothing other than slight tenderness over the upper part of the abdomen. When I saw him again six hours later, the pain had become more severe and partially localized in the right iliac fossa. His temperature was
Do mast cells link obesity and asthma?
Authors: N. Sismanopoulos, D.‐A. Delivanis, D. Mavrommati, E. Hatziagelaki, P. Conti, T. C. Theoharides
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs. Both the number of cases and severity of asthma have been increasing without a clear explanation. Recent evidence suggests that obesity, which has also been increasing alarmingly, may worsen or precipitate asthma, but there is little evidence of how obesity may contribute to lung inflammation. We propose that mast cells are involved in both asthma and obesity by being the target and source of adipocytokines, 'alarmins' such as interleukin-9 (IL-9) and interleukin-33 (IL-33), and stress molecules including corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neurotensin (NT), secreted in response to the metabolic burden. In particular, CRH and NT have synergistic effects on mast cell secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). IL-33 augments VEGF release induced by substance P (SP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release induced by NT. Both IL-9 and IL-33 also promote lung mast cell infiltration and augment allergic inflammation. These molecules are also expressed in human mast cells leading to autocrine effects. Obese patients are also less sensitive to glucocorticoids and bronchodilators. Development of effective mast cell inhibitors may be a novel approach for the management of both asthma and obesity. Certain flavonoid combinations may be a promising new treatment approach.
Risk of Death and Cardiovascular Events in Initially Healthy Women With New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: David Conen
Journal: JAMA (2011)

5][6][7] In addition, several studies involving mainly older individuals with and without cardiovascular disease found an increased risk of death in patients with AF. 5,[8][9][10][11] For example, among participants with new-onset AF in the Framingham Heart Study, the relative risk for mortality was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.8) in men and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.5-2.2) in women. 8Most of this increased risk could be ascribed to individuals who died within 30 days after a first AF episode, suggesting that comorbidities with an elevated case-fatality rate explained a substantial part of the excess mortality in AF patients. 8,
Right Bundle-Branch Block Associated with Left Superior or Inferior Intraventricular Block
Authors: PATRICK J. SCANLON, RAY PRYOR, S. GILBERT BLOUNT
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Over an 11-year period, 28 instances of acute myocardial infarction and bilateral bundle-branch block were encountered. Twenty-two of these patients had right bundle-branch block and left axis deviation, and six had right bundle-branch block and block of the inferior radiation of the left bundle. The overall incidence of complete heart block in these 28 cases was 21%. In-hospital mortality for the whole group was 36%, whereas it was 33% for those patients who developed complete heart block. From these results it is concluded that for the patient with bilateral bundle-branch block and acute myocardial infarction the prophylactic insertion of a temporary transvenous pacemaker is not only warranted, but is probably indicated.
Why patients consult and what happens when they do.
Authors: E Martin, D Russell, S Goodwin, R Chapman, M North, P Sheridan
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To study patients9 perceptions of why they consulted the doctor, how ill they thought they were, and what happened in the consultation. To compare patients9 perceptions before and after the consultation and to compare these perceptions with those of the doctor. DESIGN--Patients filled in a questionnaire before and after the consultation. The doctor filled a questionnaire in after the consultation. SETTING--Three general practices in Bedfordshire and one in Hertfordshire. PATIENTS--500 consecutive patients consulting in each practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Changes in patients9 perceptions and differences between the perceptions of patients and doctors. RESULTS--Doctors perceived patients to be less ill than the patients themselves did. Patients from social classes IV and V and children perceived themselves to be more ill than the average. Patients perceived themselves to be less ill after the consultation. A third of patients attended because doctors had told them to, and a quarter of patients had already tried to treat their problem themselves when they attended the consultation. Doctors9 perceptions of the consultation emphasised listening, supporting, and giving advice. Patients9 perceptions emphasised prescribing, reassuring, and referring to a consultant. Doctors perceived that they listened, examined, and gave advice less to social classes IV and V than to social classes I, II, and III and gave explanations more often to men than to women. Patients perceived external factors rather than lifestyle factors as being more important in causing their problems. CONCLUSION--Doctors9 perceptions of patients9 problems differed from those of patients expressed both before and after their consultation. Doctors9 and patients9 perceptions also differed about the consultation itself. The consultation reassured some patients.
The Molecular Biology of Thyroid Peroxidase: Cloning, Expression and Role as Autoantigen in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease*
Authors: SANDRA M. McLACHLAN, BASIL RAPOPORT
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1992)

THYROID peroxidase (TPO) is the primary enzyme involved in thyroid hormone synthesis, catalyzing iodide oxidation, iodination of tyrosine residues, and coupling of iodotyrosines to generate the iodothyronines T3 and T4 (1). It is a membrane-bound glycoprotein with a heme prosthetic group. In addition to the pivotal physiological role of TPO, there was strong immunological evidence, even before its molecular cloning, that this enzyme was the elusive "thyroid microsomal antigen" in autoimmune thyroid disease (discussed below). The molecular cloning of the complementary DNA for a protein provides powerful new opportunities for studying protein structure and function at an unprecedented level of detail. In t h e past decade, three of the four major thyroid-specific proteins have been cloned, namely thyroglobulin (TG) (2–4), TPO (see below), and the TSH receptor (5–8). Molecular cloning of the thyroid iodide transporter may occur soon (9). As might be expected, these advances have been followed by an explosion of information regarding fundamental aspects of thyroid pathophysiological function. The goal of this review is to summarize and interpret new information on TPO that has accumulated since its molecular cloning.
Measurement of Smoking Experience
Authors: Reimert T. Ravenholt, John R. Applegate
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

SMOKING, now recognized as a foremost environmental hazard to health, may be performed in diverse ways — making it difficult for investigators to quantitate and compare the effective exposure to tobacco smoke resulting from smoking of cigarettes, pipes or cigars in various ways at various ages. Cigarettes may be long or short, with filters or without and inhaled deeply or hardly at all, and may be discarded after a few puffs or smoked to a very short butt. The number of cigarettes, pipefuls or cigars smoked per unit of time is, by itself, an inadequate index to the effective exposure . . .
TCT-642 Stent thrombosis rates in abluminal biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: 3 Year Follow-Up from the COMPARE II trial
Authors: Sjoerd H. Hofma, Georgios J. Vlachojannis, Pieter C. Smits, Mario Togni, Nicolas Vazquez, Mariano Valdes, V. Voudris, Ton Slagboom, Jean-Jacques Goy, A.G. Vuillomenet, Antonio Serra, Ramiro Trillo, Peter den Heijer, Martin van der Ent
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Site-specific imaging of tumor angiogenesis using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging with microbubbles targeted to alpha-V beta-3
Authors: Howard Leong-Poi, Dilantha Ellegala, Joan Carpenter, Alexander L. Klibanov, Vu Duong, Sanjiv Kaul, Mark E. Shaffrey, Jonathan R. Lindner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract 5283: Regulation of tetraspanins CD151 and CD9 by micro-RNA in breast and prostate cancers.
Authors: Danielle R. Bond, Murray Cairns, Leonie K. Ashman, Judith Weidenhofer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Rationale: Tetraspanins are involved in modulating various cellular functions related to cancer progression, such as cell-cell adhesion, migration and signalling. The tetraspanin CD151 (pro-metastatic) is typically over-expressed in cancers, whereas CD9 (metastasis suppressor) is generally under-expressed in cancers. Increased CD151 protein expression in breast and prostate cancers significantly correlates with poor patient outcomes, whereas high CD9 protein expression in these cancers is associated with good patient prognosis. However, progress in developing CD151 and CD9 as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets is hampered by a lack of understanding of the mechanisms controlling altered CD151 and CD9 protein expression in cancers. Objective: miRNAs, which are small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional control, are known to be dysregulated in breast and prostate cancers. Bioinformatics analysis has identified around 250 miRNA, which are predicted to bind CD151 or CD9, thus we aim to investigate if miRNAs are able to regulate the expression of CD151 and CD9 in vitro using a range of breast and prostate cancer cell lines. Methods and Results: Using a dual luciferase reporter assay the level of protein expression regulation via CD151 or CD9 3’UTR, where miRNA generally bind their targets, was determined in 13 breast and prostate cell lines. This analysis showed that the amount of targeting of CD151 and CD9 varied across these cell lines indicating a role for miRNA. Analysis of miRNA expression in normal and cancerous cell lines using miRNA expression arrays and qPCR has confirmed that some miRNAs which are predicted to target CD9 such as miR-25 are up-regulated in many prostate and breast cancer cell lines compared to non-tumourigenic cells. Conversely, miRNA were identified with different expression levels that are predicted to target CD151. To determine whether these miRNAs directly regulate CD151 or CD9, a dual luciferase 3’UTR reporter assay encompassing specific miRNA mimics is being used. Conclusion: Altered miRNA expression is one way in which prostate and breast cancer cells might alter tetraspanin protein expression to allow cancer progression and metastasis. Citation Format: Danielle R. Bond, Murray Cairns, Leonie K. Ashman, Judith Weidenhofer. Regulation of tetraspanins CD151 and CD9 by micro-RNA in breast and prostate cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5283. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5283 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
UK hospitals are better managed than counterparts in Canada, France, Germany, and Italy but not the US, report says
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Hospitals in the United Kingdom are “better managed” than their counterparts in several European countries and Canada, new research concludes. It also says that private sector organisations perform best overall across the countries.

Measures such as greater competition and producing more clinically trained managers could improve management and clinical outcomes still further, the report suggests.

The management consultancy McKinsey & Company assessed management practices in nearly 1200 hospitals in seven countries in a joint project with the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).

It found that the UK “delivers strong management practice” relative to its health expenditure, outscoring Canada, France, Germany, and Italy. It ranked closely with Sweden, while the United States was rated highest overall, although it spends substantially more on health per head of population than the other countries.

The report’s lead author, Stephen …
In Situ Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Jarone Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IN RECENT LITERATURE emanating from the Mayo Clinio, a study of preinvasive duct carcinoma of the breast was presented. This article is being written to add to the total number of cases in the literature of this rarely found condition, to offer what we consider to be an important presenting symritom, and to plead for more attention to symptoms of pain and to meticulous breast examination in order to discover carcinoma in its preinvasive stage. Unlike carcinoma of the cervix, we do not have a laboratory method devised to detect jireinvasive carcinoma of the breast; hence, we must depend on a high index of suspicion in our examination of the breast after carefully noting the presenting symptoms of the patient. History It is generally conceded that carcinoma of the breast takes origin from either ducts or lobules. It is the degree of anaplasia and infiltration of the stroma which determines
Canada sees a bigger role for private companies in health care
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Canada's new health minister, appointed last month in a cabinet shuffle, has said she is willing to see an expansion in the role of the private sector in Canada's healthcare system.

Anne McLellan, formerly justice minister, has taken a distinctly different stance from that of her predecessor, Allan Rock. Ms McLellan has said she does not think that the expansion of the private role in the healthcare system would undermine the key principles of Medicare, the system under which all Canadians are insured.

Mr Rock fought this trend, which has been promoted recently as a way out of the system's …
Effect of a Single Amino Acid Change in MHC Class I Molecules on the Rate of Progression to AIDS
Authors: Xiaojiang Gao, George W. Nelson, Peter Karacki, Maureen P. Martin, John Phair, Richard Kaslow, James J. Goedert, Susan Buchbinder, Keith Hoots, David Vlahov, Stephen J. O'Brien, Mary Carrington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

From studies of genetic polymorphisms and the rate of progression from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), it appears that the strongest susceptibility is conferred by the major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) class I type HLA-B*35,Cw*04 allele. However, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses have been observed against HIV-1 epitopes presented by HLA-B*3501, the most common HLA-B*35 subtype. We examined subtypes of HLA-B*35 in five cohorts and analyzed the relation of structural differences between HLA-B*35 subtypes to the risk of progression to AIDS.
Seven day working will be a challenge in terms of resources and changing contracts, conference hears
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Doctors must not “duck” the challenge of providing services seven days a week, as this would be a “fantastic opportunity” to improve patient care, those attending a conference this week in London were told.

Chris Roseveare, who chaired a subcommittee of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges on seven day provision, said that variation in the quality of care over the week was unacceptable. “We are a long way off from making Sundays look the same as Tuesdays,” he said.

“We can’t duck this issue,” he told the conference. “The key challenge is that some organisations are a long way down the seven day route, but others have farther to go.”

Roseveare said that a seven day service would be challenging to implement in terms of finding resources and changing doctors’ contracts and job plans.

Mark Porter, the BMA’s chairman …
THE CIVIL ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF ILLINOIS, AND MEDICAL LICENSURE
Authors: FRANCIS W. SHEPARDSON
Journal: JAMA (1918)

About ten years ago, the attorney-general of Illinois, William H. Stead, who is now director of trade and commerce at Springfield, in a moment of discontent with existing conditions, gave utterance to an opinion that an effective government in the state could never be obtained until the overlappings of authority resulting from the distribution of the powers of administration among many boards and commissions were ended. This observation was, perhaps, the first definite expression which led to the adoption of what is now known as the civil administrative code. It was not until the forty-eighth general assembly, however, that an efficiency and economy commission was appointed. It consisted of four senators and four representatives who were authorized to make an investigation of all departments of the state government, including all boards, bureaus and commissions which had been created by the general assembly, with a view of providing a more perfect
Vehicular exhaust particles promote allergic airway inflammation through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor–notch signaling cascade
Authors: Mingcan Xia, Loida Viera-Hutchins, Maria Garcia-Lloret, Magali Noval Rivas, Petra Wise, Sean A McGhee, Zena K Chatila, Nancy Daher, Constantinos Sioutas, Talal A Chatila
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
TCT-297 A new prognostic risk score including platelet reactivity for bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention via the femoral approach
Authors: Fabio Mangiacapra, Emanuele Barbato, Elisabetta Ricottini, Giuseppe Patti, Vincenzo Vizzi, Andrea D'Ambrosio, Bernard De Bruyne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)