tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive quantification of left ventricular rotational deformation in normal humans using magnetic resonance imaging myocardial tagging.
Authors: M B Buchalter, J L Weiss, W J Rogers, E A Zerhouni, M L Weisfeldt, R Beyar, E P Shapiro
Journal: Circulation (1990)

It has been postulated that rotation of the left ventricular apex with respect to the base is a component of normal systolic function in humans, but it has been difficult to measure it noninvasively. Tagging is a new magnetic resonance imaging technique that labels specific areas of myocardium by selective radio-frequency excitation of narrow planes orthogonal to the imaging plane before acquiring an image. Tags appear as black lines and persist in myocardium for 400-500 msec and, if applied at end diastole, will move with the myocardium through systole. Tagging was used to noninvasively quantify left ventricular torsion and circumferential-longitudinal shear (shearCL) in humans. Eight normal volunteers, aged 24-38 years, were imaged in a 0.38-T iron-core resistive magnet. Five short-axis left ventricular images, positioned to encompass the entire left ventricle (LV), were obtained separately at end systole. Four equiangular radial tags had been applied at end diastole, intersecting the myocardium at eight locations. We calculated the difference in angular displacement of each epicardial and endocardial tag point (a tag point being where the tag crossed the epicardium or endocardium) at end systole from the systolic position of the corresponding tag point on the basal plane. This value was called the torsion angle. From this, shearCL, the angle inscribed on the epicardial or endocardial surface between the systolic tag position, the corresponding basal tag position, and its projection onto the slice of interest could be calculated at 32 points in the left ventricular wall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biliary Lithiasis: Combined Endoscopic and Surgical Treatment
Authors: T. Ponchon, R. Bory, A. Chavaillon, Ph. Fouillet
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

A combined endoscopic and surgical procedure was performed in 69 patients suffering from gallbladder lithiasis with suspected associated lithiasis of the common bile duct (CBD). The procedure was spread over two days: Day 1 - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed choledocholithiasis in 50 cases and papillary sclerosis in 4 cases. In 15 patients, the common bile duct was found to be normal. Fifty-four endoscopic sphincterotomies were performed. Among the 50 cases of choledocholithiasis, endoscopic removal of the stones was judged complete in 44 cases and incomplete in the other 6. Day 2 - Cholecystectomy was carried out in all the patients. Peroperative cholangiography confirmed the results of the pre-operative ERCP with respect to the CBD in all the patients except one, and a choledochotomy was necessary in 6 patients. Results were as follows: The average length of hospitalization was 12.4 days. No residual choledocholithiasis was noted. The morbidity of the procedure was 7.2%, and the mortality 1.4% unrelated to the technique. The diagnostic and therapeutic significance of the procedure is discussed.
Competition and Health Care — Caveat Emptor
Authors: Philip Caper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

There are those among us who would like to believe that the development of health policy in the United States proceeds along a smoothly, or at least recognizably, progressive course. That, unfortunately, is not the case. Health-policy development proceeds in waves, sometimes moving forward, sometimes backward, and sometimes not at all.The policy wave of the 1960s was characterized by rapid growth in public and private insurance programs (45 per cent third-party payers in 1960; 60 per cent in 1970), which provided improved coverage for health services, and by attempts by the federal government to provide services more or less . . .
Variants in FAM13A are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Michael H. Cho, Nadia Boutaoui, Barbara J. Klanderman, Jody S. Sylvia, John P. Ziniti, Craig P. Hersh, Dawn L. DeMeo, Gary M. Hunninghake, Augusto L. Litonjua, David Sparrow, Christoph Lange, Sungho Won, James R. Murphy, Terri Beaty, Elizabeth A. Regan, Barry J. Make, John E. Hokanson, James D. Crapo, Xiangyang Q. Kong, Wayne H. Anderson, Ruth M. Tal-Singer, David A. Lomas, Per Bakke, Amund Gulsvik, Sreekumar G. Pillai, Edwin K. Silverman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
<i>Fusobacterium</i> in Colonic Flora and Molecular Features of Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Tomomitsu Tahara, Eiichiro Yamamoto, Hiromu Suzuki, Reo Maruyama, Woonbok Chung, Judith Garriga, Jaroslav Jelinek, Hiro-o Yamano, Tamotsu Sugai, Byonggu An, Imad Shureiqi, Minoru Toyota, Yutaka Kondo, Marcos R.H. Estécio, Jean-Pierre J. Issa
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Fusobacterium species are part of the gut microbiome in humans. Recent studies have identified overrepresentation of Fusobacterium in colorectal cancer tissues, but it is not yet clear whether this is pathogenic or simply an epiphenomenon. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between Fusobacterium status and molecular features in colorectal cancers through quantitative real-time PCR in 149 colorectal cancer tissues, 89 adjacent normal appearing mucosae and 72 colonic mucosae from cancer-free individuals. Results were correlated with CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) status, microsatellite instability (MSI), and mutations in BRAF, KRAS, TP53, CHD7, and CHD8. Whole-exome capture sequencing data were also available in 11 cases. Fusobacterium was detectable in 111 of 149 (74%) colorectal cancer tissues and heavily enriched in 9% (14/149) of the cases. As expected, Fusobacterium was also detected in normal appearing mucosae from both cancer and cancer-free individuals, but the amount of bacteria was much lower compared with colorectal cancer tissues (a mean of 250-fold lower for Pan-fusobacterium). We found the Fusobacterium-high colorectal cancer group (FB-high) to be associated with CIMP positivity (P = 0.001), TP53 wild-type (P = 0.015), hMLH1 methylation positivity (P = 0.0028), MSI (P = 0.018), and CHD7/8 mutation positivity (P = 0.002). Among the 11 cases where whole-exome sequencing data were available, two that were FB-high cases also had the highest number of somatic mutations (a mean of 736 per case in FB-high vs. 225 per case in all others). Taken together, our findings show that Fusobacterium enrichment is associated with specific molecular subsets of colorectal cancers, offering support for a pathogenic role in colorectal cancer for this gut microbiome component. Cancer Res; 74(5); 1311–8. ©2014 AACR.
Diesel engine exhaust and lung cancer: an unproven association.
Authors: J E Muscat, E L Wynder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The risk of lung cancer associated with diesel exhaust has been calculated from 14 case-control or cohort studies. We evaluated the findings from these studies to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to implicate diesel exhaust as a human lung carcinogen. Four studies found increased risks associated with long-term exposure, although two of the four studies were based on the same cohort of railroad workers. Six studies were inconclusive due to missing information on smoking habits, internal inconsistencies, or inadequate characterization of diesel exposure. Four studies found no statistically significant associations. It can be concluded that short-term exposure to diesel engine exhaust (< 20 years) does not have a causative role in human lung cancer. There is statistical but not causal evidence that long-term exposure to diesel exhaust (> 20 years) increases the risk of lung cancer for locomotive engineers, brakemen, and diesel engine mechanics. There is inconsistent evidence on the effects of long-term exposure to diesel exhaust in the trucking industry. There is no evidence for a joint effect of diesel exhaust and cigarette smoking on lung cancer risk. Using common criteria for determining causal associations, the epidemiologic evidence is insufficient to establish diesel engine exhaust as a human lung carcinogen.
Factors influencing postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients treated with bleomycin.
Authors: P L Goldiner, G C Carlon, E Cvitkovic, O Schweizer, W S Howland
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Patients treated with bleomycin are at risk of developing the acute adult respiratory distress syndrome post-operatively. In a prospective study of 12 patients who had received bleomycin preoperatively and were undergoing removal of retroperitoneal lymph nodes or pulmonary metastases several preventive factors were established. These were the use of low concentrations of inspired oxygen during operation and in the immediate postoperative period, careful monitoring of fluid replacement, and restriction of crystalloids in favour of colloids.
Heterogeneity Among Ly-49C Natural Killer (NK) Cells: Characterization of Highly Related Receptors with Differing Functions and Expression Patterns
Authors: Jack Brennan, Suzanne Lemieux, J. Douglas Freeman, Dixie L. Mager, Fumio Takei
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Ly-49C is a member of the polymorphic family of murine NK cell inhibitory receptors. The 5E6 antibody that defines a subset of NK cells responsible for the rejection of parental H-2d bone marrow by F1 mice has been shown previously to react with Ly-49C. Here, the 5E6 antibody was found to detect two Ly-49C-related molecules in B6 mice. Two cDNA clones were isolated from B6 NK cells, one identical to previously reported Ly-49CB6 and the other a novel cDNA. The deduced amino acid sequence of the latter differs from that of Ly-49CBALB at only 4 residues, whereas the previously reported Ly-49CB6 differs at 22 residues. Flow cytometric analyses of COS cells transfected with the two cDNAs showed that the 5E6 antibody binds to both Ly-49 molecules, while another anti-Ly-49C antibody, 4LO3311, binds to the newly described Ly-49C but not the previously reported Ly-49CB6. Two-color flow cytometric analysis detected 5E6+4LO3311− as well as 5E6+4LO3311+ subsets of NK cells from B6, but not BALB/c, mice. The level of Ly-49C expression on B6 NK cells detected by the 4LO3311 antibody was substantially lower than that on BALB/c NK cells. Binding specificity of the novel Ly-49CB6 was indistinguishable from that of Ly-49CBALB, whereas no binding was detectable with previously reported Ly-49CB6. These results demonstrate that the newly described Ly-49CB6, not the previously reported Ly-49CB6, is the probable B6 allelic form of Ly49C. The previously reported Ly-49CB6 must be encoded by a separate gene and should be renamed Ly-49I. The implication of these results with respect to the role of Ly-49C in hybrid resistance is discussed.
Mutations in EFHC1 cause juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Toshimitsu Suzuki, Antonio V Delgado-Escueta, Kripamoy Aguan, Maria E Alonso, Jun Shi, Yuji Hara, Motohiro Nishida, Tomohiro Numata, Marco T Medina, Tamaki Takeuchi, Ryoji Morita, Dongsheng Bai, Subramaniam Ganesh, Yoshihisa Sugimoto, Johji Inazawa, Julia N Bailey, Adriana Ochoa, Aurelio Jara-Prado, Astrid Rasmussen, Jaime Ramos-Peek, Sergio Cordova, Francisco Rubio-Donnadieu, Yushi Inoue, Makiko Osawa, Sunao Kaneko, Hirokazu Oguni, Yasuo Mori, Kazuhiro Yamakawa
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
Europe's Inner Demons: An Enquiry Inspired by the Great Witch-Hunt
Authors: NATHANIEL S. LEHRMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

Book Reviews many of the books on medicine published at this time, dealing particularly with their advice on the handling of psychiatric disease.The practitioners, many of them para- medical or empirics and quacks, are considered, with some of the therapeutic proce- dures detailed.Exorcism is of particular interest in view of the recent attention being paid to this type of therapy.In the seventeenth century new formulations of some mental conditions were being made, but again the background of possession, religious enthusiasms and witchcraft was still very much in evidence.As a concluding case to this period the author selects the terminal illness of Charles II.This book's topic is one of incredible complexity and Dr. Clarke has done very well in his presentation of it.His text is fully annotated throughout, and most of the illustra- tions he provides are unique.He has carried out extensive research, although on occa- sions he has accepted opinions from secondary sources rather too uncritically.Nevertheless, on the whole, he has made a substantial contribution to the early history of mental disease in Britain.It is certainly more than the prolegomena that he modestly claims it to be, and it stands out as a work of scholarship when contrasted with some of the less successful efforts of others.It is to be hoped that he will continue his researches in this much underpopulated field.
Body mass management of lightweight rowers: nutritional strategies and performance implications
Authors: Gary Slater, Anthony Rice, David Jenkins, Allan Hahn
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

The majority of lightweight rowers undertake acute weight loss prior to competition. Given the competitive advantage afforded to larger, more muscular rowers over their smaller counterparts, the use of moderate, acute weight loss may be justified, at least among larger, leaner athletes who struggle to achieve the specified body mass requirement and have limited potential for further body mass loss via reductions in body fat. The performance implications of moderate acute weight loss appear to be small on the ergometer and may be even less on water, at least when aggressive recovery strategies are adopted between weigh-in and racing. Furthermore, any performance implications of acute weight loss are not exacerbated when such weight loss is undertaken repeatedly throughout the course of a regatta, and may even be eliminated when aggressive recovery strategies are introduced before and after racing. The combination of adequate sodium, fluid and carbohydrate in line with current guidelines results in the best performances. While the performance implications of modest acute weight loss may still need to be considered in regard to competition outcome, chronic body mass strategies may not be without performance implications. This is especially the case for athletes who have very low levels of body fat and/or athletes who decrease their body mass too quickly. Further studies are needed to address the degree of weight loss that can be tolerated with minimal health and/or performance implications, and the optimal time frame over which this should occur. Possible adaptation to the physiological state that accompanies acute weight loss also warrants investigation.
Identifying the Origins of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease
Authors: Stephanie D. Davis, Thomas Ferkol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Although the median survival age has improved steadily during the past half century, cystic fibrosis is still a life-shortening disease, affecting 30,000 children and adults in the United States. The airways of patients with cystic fibrosis are susceptible to infection, which induces an intense inflammatory response even in those with only modest pulmonary disease.1 Although they are often asymptomatic, infants with cystic fibrosis have neutrophilic inflammation in their airways, which is both protective and destructive. Neutrophil proteases, including elastase, are critical for killing engulfed bacteria, but these proteases escape from neutrophils during phagocytosis and in death and subsequently overwhelm antiprotease . . .
Informing Patients About Total Hip Replacement-Reply
Authors: Lawrence Pottenger
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —I also believe that the patient should be fully in formed of the benefits and potential complications of surgery. However, physicians should not transmit a sense of urgency to the patient with regard to either scheduling the surgery or having the surgery. My impression from the conversation in the Clinical Crossroads article 1 was that the surgeons were conveying asense of urgency, which should never be conveyed in potentially life-threatening elective surgery.
Breast Cancer Treatment with Imiquimod: Applying an Old Lotion to a New Disease
Authors: Holbrook Kohrt
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Over the prior two decades, imiquimod, a toll-like receptor 7 agonist, has been applied to nearly 50 clinical settings. Because of its immunomodulatory role, the topical cream today, for the first time, is being applied to cutaneous breast cancer in preclinical models and in a phase II clinical trial.
Clindamycin-Associated Colitis
Authors: Martin S. Wolfe
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The first three reported cases of clindamycin-associated colitis in this country were reported inThe Journalin March 1973 (223:1379, 1973). Recently, three more cases were reported (<i>Mayo Clin Proc</i>49:240, 1974). The purpose of this letter is to describe a patient who developed persistent colitis following an 18-day course of clindamycin prescribed for facial acne. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 17-year-old girl was seen on Feb 5, 1973, with complaints of frequent loose, mucus-containing stools, lower abdominal cramps, fever, and 4.5-kg (10-lb) weight loss. These symptoms began about Jan 2, 1973, at the conclusion of a course of clindamycin (150 mg three times a day) administered from Dec 15, 1972, to Jan 2, 1973, for facial acne. Four stool examinations done in early February were negative for ova and parasites. Because of the patient's residence in Brazil from 1967 to 1969 and her possible exposure to schistosomiasis, a
Novel Fibroinflammatory Markers in Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Galectin-3, Lcn2/NGAL, P3NP
Authors: Osman Sonmez, Furkan U Ertem, Mehmet Akif Vatankulu, Ercan Erdogan, Abdurrahman Tasal, Sıtkı Kucukbuzcu, Omer Goktekin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Synergy between thinness and intensive sports activity in delaying menarche.
Authors: J P Vandenbroucke, A van Laar, H A Valkenburg
Journal: BMJ (1982)

In a study to assess the effects of intensive physical activity and thinness on menarche records of 648 girls aged 10-14 were analysed. The girls were classified as thin or not thin on the basis of their body mass index, and whether or not they engaged in intensive sports activity was established. The presence of either thinness or intensive sports activity was associated with roughly a twofold decrease in the proportion of girls who had reached menarche; the presence of both factors was associated with roughly a fourfold decrease. These results did not appear to depend on age. Thus intensive sports activity and thinness appear to have a synergistic effect in delaying menarche.
Interplay between P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2X1 receptors in the activation of megakaryocyte cation influx currents by ADP: evidence that the primary megakaryocyte represents a fully functional model of platelet P2 receptor signaling
Authors: Gwen Tolhurst, Catherine Vial, Catherine Léon, Christian Gachet, Richard J. Evans, Martyn P. Mahaut-Smith
Journal: Blood (2005)

The difficulty of conducting electrophysiologic recordings from the platelet has restricted investigations into the role of ion channels in thrombosis and hemostasis. We now demonstrate that the well-established synergy between P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) receptors during adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-dependent activation of the platelet alpha(IIb)beta(3) integrin also exists in murine marrow megakaryocytes, further supporting the progenitor cell as a bona fide model of platelet P2 receptor signaling. In patch clamp recordings, ADP (30 microM) stimulated a transient inward current at -70 mV, which was carried by Na(+) and Ca(2+) and was amplified by phenylarsine oxide, a potentiator of certain transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate depletion. This initial current decayed to a sustained phase, upon which repetitive transient inward cation currents with pre-dominantly P2X(1)-like kinetics were super-imposed. Abolishing P2X(1)-receptor activity prevented most of the repetitive currents, consistent with their activation by secreted adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Recordings in P2Y(1)-receptor-deficient megakaryocytes demonstrated an essential requirement of this receptor for activation of all ADP-evoked inward currents. However, P2Y(12) receptors, through the activation of PI3-kinase, played a synergistic role in both P2Y(1) and P2X(1)-receptor-dependent currents. Thus, direct stimulation of P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) receptors, together with autocrine P2X(1) activation, is responsible for the activation of nonselective cation currents by the platelet agonist ADP.
Ectopic expression of c-Myc in the skin affects the hair growth cycle and causes an enlargement of the sebaceous gland
Authors: J.J. Bull, S. Pelengaris, S. Hendrix, C.M.T. Chronnell, M. Khan, M.P. Philpott
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background The hair follicle continually undergoes dynamic remodelling in a cyclical manner involving tightly coordinated patterns of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The oncoprotein c‐Myc is a key regulator of these events in epidermal keratinocytes, but its importance in the hair growth cycle has not previously been determined. Objectives To determine the role of c‐Myc in the hair growth cycle. Methods We characterized the hair follicle phenotype of transgenic mice that permit expression of a switchable form of c‐Myc (c‐Myc‐ER™) in the suprabasal epithelial layers of the epidermis and hair follicle. Results c‐Myc activation increased epithelial cell proliferation in the outer root sheath and distal hair follicle, without any substantial alteration in levels of apoptosis. Moreover, chronic c‐Myc activation resulted in marked desynchronization of the murine hair growth cycle, uncoupling of hair cycle‐related skin thickness and enlargement of the sebaceous gland. Conclusions These data implicate c‐Myc in the control of hair growth cycling and hair cycle‐related epidermal and sebaceous gland homeostasis. We suggest that c‐Myc may be activating follicular stem cells either directly or indirectly and that this has important implications for control of the 'hair cycle clock', hair growth and epidermal maintenance.
Phenylbutazone-induced pericarditis.
Authors: G. X. Trimble
Journal: BMJ (1965)

BRmIISHas in the white.3This shows that the diagnosis of varicose veins under the dark skin cannot long continue in doubt.I assume that a fair number of cases of varicose veins occur in Ghana, and I should be somewhat disconcerted if this were not the case.In a forthcoming work Dr. G. D. Campbell and myself advance the view that varicose veins are part of a much more com- prehensive disease, which includes such con- ditions as dental caries, peptic ulcer, and diabetes, all due to the consumption of refined carbohydrates.It is therefore highly relevant that the late Professor A. A. MacGregor, in his 1964 report of a survey on dental dis- ease in Ghana,4 was able to correlate very closely the presence of dental caries with the consumption of these foods-so it would be surprising, on this view, if there were not already cases of varicose veins in the Ghanaians.If not, I am afraid there soon will be, and I fear they will not long remain only " clinical impressions."-Iam, etc.,