tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Status, Cardiovascular Risk, and Mortality in Older Adults
Authors: Anne R. Cappola, Linda P. Fried, Alice M. Arnold, Mark D. Danese, Lewis H. Kuller, Gregory L. Burke, Russell P. Tracy, Paul W. Ladenson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ContextPrevious studies have suggested that subclinical abnormalities in thyroid-stimulating hormone levels are associated with detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system.ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between baseline thyroid status and incident atrial fibrillation, incident cardiovascular disease, and mortality in older men and women not taking thyroid medication.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA total of 3233 US community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older with baseline serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were enrolled in 1989-1990 in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a large, prospective cohort study.Main Outcome MeasuresIncident atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death assessed through June 2002. Analyses are reported for 4 groups defined according to thyroid function test results: subclinical hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and overt hypothyroidism.ResultsIndividuals with overt thyrotoxicosis (n = 4) were excluded because of small numbers. Eighty-two percent of participants (n = 2639) had normal thyroid function, 15% (n = 496) had subclinical hypothyroidism, 1.6% (n = 51) had overt hypothyroidism, and 1.5% (n = 47) had subclinical hyperthyroidism. After exclusion of those with prevalent atrial fibrillation, individuals with subclinical hyperthyroidism had a greater incidence of atrial fibrillation compared with those with normal thyroid function (67 events vs 31 events per 1000 person-years; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-3.03). No differences were seen between the subclinical hyperthyroidism group and euthyroidism group for incident coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular death, or all-cause death. Likewise, there were no differences between the subclinical hypothyroidism or overt hypothyroidism groups and the euthyroidism group for cardiovascular outcomes or mortality. Specifically, individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism had an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.07 (95% confidence interval, 0.90-1.28) for incident coronary heart disease.ConclusionOur data show an association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and development of atrial fibrillation but do not support the hypothesis that unrecognized subclinical hyperthyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with other cardiovascular disorders or mortality.
Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging
Authors: Jae-Hyun Lee, Yong-Min Huh, Young-wook Jun, Jung-wook Seo, Jung-tak Jang, Ho-Taek Song, Sungjun Kim, Eun-Jin Cho, Ho-Geun Yoon, Jin-Suck Suh, Jinwoo Cheon
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Erratum to: Measuring diaphragm thickness with ultrasound in mechanically ventilated patients: feasibility, reproducibility and validity
Authors: Ewan C. Goligher, Franco Laghi, Michael E. Detsky, Paulina Farias, Alistair Murray, Deborah Brace, Laurent J. Brochard, Steffen-Sebastien Bolz, Gordon D. Rubenfeld, Brian P. Kavanagh, Niall D. Ferguson
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Treatment of Uncontrolled Seizure Activity With Diazepam
Authors: Glen T. Sawyer
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Diazepam (Valium) was administered intravenously to 26 patients with varying degrees of prolonged, uncontrolled seizure activity. The seizures were terminated rapidly in 16 cases and less satisfactorily in 10. Patients with acute, rapidly progressive cerebral disorders were most resistant to treatment. Concurrent electroencephalographic monitoring demonstrated in 13 of 18 tracings that diazepam quickly suppressed the spikes. Intramuscularly administered follow-up doses of diazepam, used with other anticonvulsants, assisted in the maintenance of control. Intravenously administered diazepam is an excellent short-term anticonvulsant with relatively few adverse reactions. It is often effective after large doses of other parenterally administered anticonvulsants have failed to establish seizure control.
Disseminated Vaccinia in a Military Recruit with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease
Authors: R R Redfield, D C Wright, W D James, T S Jones, C Brown, D S Burke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

LIVE-VIRUS vaccines have been well recognized as a cause of severe complications when inadvertently administered to recipients with impaired immunologic function.1 The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been recognized as a severe immunodeficiency state caused by infection with a retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).2 HIV infection and disease include a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, such as asymptomatic infections, chronic generalized lymphadenopathy, and frank T-cell deficiency (AIDS-related complex and AIDS).3 Although the natural history of HIV infection has only been partly defined, it is clear that patients with AIDS represent only a minority of the total number of T-cell–deficient patients . . .
Book Review Vitamania: Vitamins in American culture (Health and Medicine in American Society.) By Rima D. Apple. 245 pp., illustrated. New Brunswick, N.J., Rutgers University Press, 1996. $48 (cloth); $18.95 (paper). 0-8135-2277-3 (cloth); 0-8135-2278-1 (paper).
Authors: Susan S. Baker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)
THE VALUE OF SYMPHYSIOTOMY.
Authors: HUGH HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Operative obstetrics is an essential part of a physician's education. The process of natural birth is merely an incident, but a birth may become eventful and ultimately tragic. Cases demand action in the order of their occurrence, namely: detention from want of maternal power; due to fetal malposition; arising from deformed fetus; by deformed maternal parts. Nature makes an effort to sacrifice upon these occasions the child for the mother, because her preservation is the conservation of the species—following this guide, accoucheurs strive to do this and more; therefore the highest aim of the art of midwifery is to save both, through the application of therapeutic remedies and other means. More Madden questions if we have an emmenagogue in the special sense in which we use it. Recently I had a letter from a Philadelphia physician, stating that brown sugar was an excellent uterine tonic! Upon this question at present
Letter: Cello scrotum.
Authors: J M Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1974)

is no evidence that the teaching and effective implementation of such safety measures are carried out at the place of work.As Mr. Bagley so rightly suggests, occupationally based health services could help enormously in reducing the work load on the busy accident and emergency depart- ments and could certainly save a great deal of time lost at work, but i.t must be borne in mind that unless such services can be aimed at prevention as well as treatment of injuries within their scope, then it could create more rather than less work for those departments.-Iam, etc.,
Abstract 1242: The association between treatment-related lymphopenia and survival in patients with solid tumors.
Authors: Stuart A. Grossman, Susannah Yovino, Jian Campian, Aaron Wild, Joseph Herman, Daniel Laheru, Malcolm Brock, Shanthi Marur, Ani Balmanoukian, Xiaobu Ye
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: This retrospective review was conducted to determine: 1) the frequency and severity of treatment related lymphopenia (TRL) in solid tumors, 2) its association with survival accounting for prognostic variables, and 3) its relationship to radiation or chemotherapy. Methods: Serial lymphocyte counts (pre-treatment and monthly for one year), prognostic factors, treatment details, and survival were retrospectively reviewed in 338 newly diagnosed patients with 1) high grade glioma, 2) resected pancreatic cancer, 3) unresectable pancreatic cancer, 4) stage III lung cancer, and 5) HPV- head and neck cancer in this IRB approved study. Severe TRL was defined as grade III-IV lymphopenia (&amp;lt;500 cells/mm3). Results: The findings in each patient cohort are similar: 1) About 40% of patients develop severe TRL two months after initiating radiation and this persists for many months, 2) There is an association between TRL at two months and shorter survival from tumor progression, and 3) The hazard ratio for reduced survival is high after adjusting for known prognostic factors. Lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not experience TRL until after radiation was initiated. Conclusions: Severe TRL is common, severe, long-lasting and associated with earlier death from tumor progression in patients with solid tumors receiving radiation and chemotherapy. These studies suggest that radiation likely plays a major role in the development of TRL and that novel approaches to protect and/or restore immunologic function in patients with solid tumors are critical. NeoplasmTotal number patientsPatients developing grade III-IV TRLMedian Survival &amp;lt;500 vs &amp;gt;500 lymphocytes (months)Multivariate association with reduced survival:HR, (CI), pvalueHigh grade glioma9640%13 vs 19.7 (p = 0.002)OS: 1.66, (1.05–2.64), 0.03Pancreatic resected5345%14 vs 20 (p = 0.048)OS: 2.2, (1.17–4.12), 0.01Pancreatic unresectable12074%9.2 vs 14.6 (p = 0.013)OS: 1.34, (0.09–2.0), 0.15NSCLC Stage III4750%21.8 vs 28.3 (p = 0.38)OS: 1.7, (0.8–3.6), 0.17HEENT (HPV)2236%PFS onlyPFS: 6.2, (1.1–35.2), 0.04 Citation Format: Stuart A. Grossman, Susannah Yovino, Jian Campian, Aaron Wild, Joseph Herman, Daniel Laheru, Malcolm Brock, Shanthi Marur, Ani Balmanoukian, Xiaobu Ye. The association between treatment-related lymphopenia and survival in patients with solid tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1242. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1242
SAFFLOWER SEED-DERIVED DES-1,2-APOA1MILANO REDUCES ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC APOLIPOPROTEIN E (-/-) MICE
Authors: Kuang-Yuh Chyu, Juliana Yano, Xiaojun Li, Jianchang Zhou, Wai Man Lio, Cheryl Chan, Paul C. Dimayuga, Bojan Cercek, Cory L. Nykiforuk, Yin Shen, Maurice M. Moloney, Prediman K. Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Prospective Study of Serum CA-125 Levels as Markers of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kathy J. Helzlsouer, Trudy L. Bush, Anthony J. Alberg, Katherine Miller Bass, Howard Zacur, George W. Comstock
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To evaluate prospectively the sensitivity and specificity of serum CA-125 levels for the detection of ovarian cancer.Case-control study nested within a cohort of women who donated blood to a community-based serum bank established in 1974.Washington County, Maryland.Cases consisted of 37 women who developed ovarian cancer from 1975 through 1989. Controls consisted of 73 women, matched on age and time since last menstrual period, and free of cancer until the cases' diagnoses. STUDY VARIABLE: Serum CA-125 levels.Histologically confirmed ovarian cancer.Levels of serum CA-125 among cases were higher than among controls for each 3-year interval up to 12 years prior to the time of the cases' diagnoses. The median level for cases diagnosed within the first 3 years of follow-up was 35.4 U/mL compared with 9.0 U/mL for controls (P = .002). The sensitivity of a serum CA-125 level greater than 35 U/mL within the first 3 years was 57% (95% confidence interval, 20% to 88%) and the specificity was 100% (95% confidence interval lower limit, 73%). Sensitivity and specificity decreased with increasing time to diagnosis.Measurement of serum CA-125 levels, particularly at a reference value of 35 U/mL, is not sufficiently sensitive to be used alone as a screening test for the detection of ovarian cancer. Lower CA-125 reference values could identify women at higher risk of developing ovarian cancer, but CA-125 measurement cannot be recommended for this purpose because of the high proportion of women who would be falsely classified as being at high risk for developing ovarian cancer.
α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency and Emphysema
Authors: H. Resnick
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  Both the editorial in the Nov 10, 1969, issue ofThe Journaland the recent article by Lieberman et al ( 210: 2055, 1969) make certain assertions concerning the association of α 1 -antitrypsin deficiency and pulmonary emphysema that we are unable to reconcile with our own experience. We have recently been studying the trypsin-inhibitor capacities (TIC or milligrams of trypsin inhibited by 1 ml of serum) of a group of coal miners, all of whom profess shortness of breath. Our methods have been almost identical to those of Lieberman and his colleagues, that is to say, we used an enzymatic assay for the determination of trypsin-inhibitor capacity and, moreover, performed the serum protein electrophoresis for α 1 -globulin levels on cellulose acetate strips. Although we have been unable to find a single homozygous deficient subject, the distribution of TIC values fits a simple gaussian curve. Since we
Abstract 1438: Strong expression of CD57 is associated with aggressive neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo, and with undifferentiated neuroblastoma cells in situ
Authors: Anne-Marie Schlitter, Carmen Dorneburg, Thomas F.E. Barth, Joachim Wahl, Johannes H. Schulte, Silke Brüderlein, Klaus-Michael Debatin, Christian Beltinger
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Neuroblastoma is thought to originate from neural crest-derived cells. CD57 defines migratory neural crest cells in normal development and is expressed in neuroblastomas. We therefore investigated the role of CD57 expression in neuroblastoma cells in vitro, in vivo and in situ. Compared to CD57low neuroblastoma cells, CD57high cells developed tumors with decreased latency after orthotopic transplantation into adrenal glands of immunodeficient mice. In addition, CD57high neuroblastoma cells were also more clonogenic, induced more spheres, were less lineage-restricted and showed enhanced invasiveness. After tail vein injection more CD57high cells homed to liver and lung and formed metastases than CD57low cells. In stroma-poor neuroblastoma of patients CD57high cells were associated with undifferentiated tumor cells across all stages and tended to be more frequent after chemotherapy. We thus conclude that strong expression of CD57 is associated with some aggressive attributes of neuroblastoma cells and is linked with undifferentiated neuroblastoma cells in patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1438. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1438
A Specific Inhibitor of Complement (C5)-Derived Chemotactic Activity in Serum from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: H. Daniel Perez, Mark Lipton, Ira M. Goldstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

In the course of examining polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we have found a previously undescribed serum inhibitor of complement (C5)-derived chemotactic activity. Serum from a 25-yr-old Black female with untreated SLE, when activated with zymosan, failed completely to attract either her own or normal PMN. Incubation of normal PMN with the patient's serum did not affect their subsequent random motility or chemotactic response toward normal zymosan-treated serum (ZTS). The patient's serum, however, did inhibit the chemotactic activity of normal ZTS and of column-purified C5-derived peptide(s), but had no effect on the chemotactic activity of either the synthetic peptide, N-formylmethionyl leucyl-phenylalanine or a filtrate prepared from a culture of Escherichia coli (bacterial chemotactic factor). The inhibitory activity in the patient's serum resisted heating at 56°C for 30 min and could be separated from C5-derived chemotactic activity in the patient's ZTS (or normal ZTS that had been incubated with the patient's serum) by chromatography on Sephadex G-75. Despite its effect on C5-derived chemotactic activity, the patient's serum did not influence two other C5-derived biologic activities: PMN lysosomal enzyme-releasing activity and PMN-aggregating activity. Chromatography of the patient's serum (65% ammonium sulfate pellet) on Sephadex G-200 yielded three distinct peaks of inhibitory activity. Two were heat labile and exhibited other properties of the previously described chemotactic factor inactivators of normal human serum. The third and most active peak, however, resisted heating at 56°C for 30 min, eluted with an apparent mol wt of 50,000-60,000, and acted specifically on C5-derived chemotactic activity. This uniquely specific, heat-stable inhibitor of C5-derived chemotactic activity has been found thus far in serum from 4 of 11 patients with active SLE and may account, in part, for altered host defenses against infections caused by pyogenic microorganisms.
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in Children and Young Adults: Evaluation of Response to Treatment
Authors: Nir Hod, Philippe Hagag, Michal Baumer, Judith Sandbank, Tifha Horne
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

The aim of this study was to evaluate response to treatment of children and young adults with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Thirty-one children and young adults (27 female, 4 male, <25 years) with DTC were treated with radioiodine between 1987 and 2003. All patients had previously undergone total (or near-total) thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection (if enlarged lymph nodes were present). Initial radioiodine therapy was given 4 to 6 weeks after surgery. Repeated doses were given 4 to 6 weeks after l-thyroxine withdrawal. Effect of therapy was evaluated by radioiodine whole-body scans and serum thyroglobulin levels.Age range at diagnosis was 12 to 25 years (median, 21 years). Follow-up duration range was 16 to 150 months (mean, 60 months). Histologic classification was papillary in 28 (90%) patients (follicular variant in 7) and follicular in 3 (10%). Multifocal carcinoma was found in 9 (29%) patients and neck lymph node metastases in 19 (61%) patients. Fifteen (48%) patients had pulmonary or mediastinal metastases at the time of diagnosis, and 1 developed bone metastases. Lung metastases demonstrated a pattern of diffuse radioiodine uptake in 7 patients and focal uptake in 8. Total radioiodine dose range was 80 to 1086 mCi given in 1 to 7 treatments. Fourteen (45%) patients were disease-free, including 1 patient with pulmonary metastases who achieved complete remission. Three (10%) patients had persistent metastases in neck lymph nodes. Nine (29%) patients with pulmonary metastases showed good response, 4 (13%) had stable persistent disease, and 1 had progression of the disease and died after 11.5 years of follow up. All surviving patients (97%) are asymptomatic and leading normal lives.Children and young adults with DTC had a high incidence of multifocal disease, lymph node involvement, and pulmonary metastases. Although complete remission of pulmonary metastases after radioiodine therapy was difficult to achieve, a partial response with reduction of metastatic disease was possible. In general, the patients had a good quality of life with no further disease progression and a low mortality rate.
Prevention and treatment of murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with T cell receptor V beta-specific antibodies.
Authors: D M Zaller, G Osman, O Kanagawa, L Hood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model system for T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Symptoms of EAE are similar to those of multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans. EAE is induced in susceptible animal strains by immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) and potent adjuvant. The major T cell response to MBP in B10.PL mice is directed towards an NH2-terminal epitope and involves T cells expressing either V beta 8.2 or V beta 13 gene segments. Animals treated with a TCR V beta 8-specific mAb have a reduced incidence of EAE. We report here that the in vivo administration of a combination of anti-V beta 8.2 and anti-V beta 13 mAbs results in a long-term elimination of T cells involved in the response to MBP. When given before MBP immunization, anti-TCR antibody treatment leads to nearly complete protection against EAE. Antibody treatment also results in a dramatic reversal of paralysis in diseased animals. Thus, treatment with a combination of V beta-specific antibodies is a very effective therapy for the prevention and treatment of EAE. It is hoped that the future characterization of TCR V gene usage in human autoimmune diseases may lead to similar strategies of immune intervention.
Adjusting for underenumeration in the 1991 census
Authors: M. Leese, L. Loftus, G. Thornicroft
Journal: BMJ (1995)

suggesting that their peer review is relatively straightforward, but low concordance for the rest.Quality checklists available in the literature5 are inadequate to assess the wide variety of types of economic submissions as they are aimed at economic evaluations, which possibly make up a minority of the literature.More thought needs to be devoted to the importance and assessment of economic studies and other economic papers.
"Raise Your Hands Against the Sky"
Authors: A. I. Holleb
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1981)

In the Archy and Mehitabel story by DonMarquis, Archy the cockroach leaves the following note for his friend, Mehitabel the cat: i suppose the human race is doing the best it can but hell's bells that's only an explanation it's not an excuse.Many of us in the health care professions feel that we are already doing our best in managing the cancer patient, but there are times when we fall far short as humanists.We may not realize that the body we have helped toward cure may yet contain a badly damaged ego and a failing spirit.We must learn to devote as much energy to pre serving psychic integrity as we do to re storing physiological balance.
Bone Marrow Contribution to Tumor-Associated Myofibroblasts and Fibroblasts
Authors: Natalie C. Direkze, Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke, Rosemary Jeffery, Toby Hunt, Richard Poulsom, Dahmane Oukrif, Malcolm R. Alison, Nicholas A. Wright
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

The role of myofibroblasts in tissue repair and fibrosis is well documented, but the source of these myofibroblasts is unclear. There is evidence of a circulating population of fibrocytes that can home to areas of injury and contribute to myofibroblast populations. Previously, we have shown that the bone marrow is a source of myofibroblasts for many tissues including the gut, lung, and kidney and that this phenomenon is exacerbated by injury. We now show that the bone marrow can contribute to myofibroblast and fibroblast populations in tumor stroma in a mouse model of pancreatic insulinoma. Mice transgenic for the rat insulin promoter II gene linked to the large-T antigen of SV40 (RIPTag) develop solid beta-cell tumors of the pancreas. Approximately 25% of myofibroblasts in these pancreatic tumors were donor-derived, and these were concentrated toward the edge of the tumor. Thus, the development of tumor stroma is at least in part a systemic response that may ultimately yield methods of targeting new therapy.
The coronary sinus: A safe and effective route for percutaneous myoblast transplantation
Authors: Camille Brasselet, Claire Carrion, Patrick Bruneval, Didier Heudes, Ketty Schwartz, Albert Hagège, Jean-Thomas Vilquin, Emmanuel Messas, Michel Desnos, Antoine Lafont, Philippe Menasché
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)