tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical students, their electives, and HIV
Authors: D. Wilkinson, B. Symon
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Papers pp 158, 161 

Most medical students go overseas on their electives—97% from one medical school1—and many go to Africa. The attractions are obvious: adventure, travel, new cultures, and a depth and range of medical experience that may never be gained at home. However, like any travel experience, electives can be dangerous. British medical students doing electives overseas often go to areas with high HIV prevalence, work in settings with poor infection control practices, and are exposed to HIV and other bloodborne viruses.2 The reports by Moss and Beeching (p 161) and Gamester et al (p 158) in this week's issue provide shocking data that help to quantify these concerns. 1 3

In their questionnaire survey of British medical schools Moss and Beeching show that only half the schools provide written advice about health and safety on electives.1 Most rely on the normal curriculum for providing information on personal risks of acquiring HIV, and only two schools make postexposure prophylaxis for …
Abstract 3793: Effects of DCA and metformin on murine colon cancer growth
Authors: Robert P. Sticca, Tonya C. Murphy
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Dichloroacetate (DCA) and metformin (M) have been reported to have many effects on cancer cells including alterations in pH homeostasis and glucose metabolism, cell cycle arrest, induction of autophagy and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. These effects have been shown to increase tumor apoptosis, inhibit neoplastic cell proliferation, improve the immune response against tumor cells and decrease the protective inflammatory response in tumors, which has led to the investigation of these drugs as anticancer agents. This study examines the effects of DCA and metformin in a murine colon cancer model both in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Murine colon cancer cell lines (ATCC CT26-CL25, CT26-WT) and cells isolated from subcutaneous metastatic colon cancer tumors (CT71911) were grown in the presence of DCA (serial concentrations from 12 mM to 192mM) and M (serial concentrations from 8 mM to 48 mM). Viable cells were counted and averaged for 3 separate assays. Balb/c mice in triplicate were injected IP with serial concentrations of DCA and M (8,24,48 mM) beginning one day prior to tail vein administration of 7.5 x 103 colon cancer cells (CT26-WT, CT71911). Daily IP injections of DCA and M were continued for 6 weeks or until the mice succumbed to metastatic cancer. All mice were autopsied and cause of death was recorded. Results: All three cell lines demonstrated a linear reduction in growth and increased apoptosis with increasing concentrations of DCA. All tumor cells were killed at concentrations above 96 mM. M was cytostatic but not cytotoxic for all three cell lines with minimal growth at 8 mM and no growth at higher concentrations. In vivo, administration of IP DCA prolonged survival by 80 - 89% (days after tumor challenge), while IP metformin prolonged survival by 35 - 38%. Increased survival with both DCA and M was not dose dependent with variation between concentrations less than 10%. All mice died of lung metastases. Conclusion: Both DCA and M demonstrated beneficial effects on murine colon cancer cells with reductions in cell growth and increased apoptosis in vitro and increased survival in vivo. M exhibited cytostatic activity and a lower improvement in survival while DCA exhibited cytotoxic activity and a longer survival benefit. Further investigation in the use of these agents as adjunct therapies for colon cancer is warranted. Citation Format: Robert P. Sticca, Tonya C. Murphy. Effects of DCA and metformin on murine colon cancer growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3793. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3793
Abstract P4-11-36: Prognostic models in male breast cancer
Authors: Carmen C vanderPol, Miangela M Lacle, Arjen J Witkamp, Robert Kornegoor, Miao Hui, Christine Bouchardy, Elsken vanderWall, Helena M Verkooijen, Paul J vanDiest
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease and its treatment is largely extrapolated from its female counterpart. Accurate prognostication is essential for advising on adjuvant systemic treatment and informing patients. Several predictive models are available for female breast cancer (FBC) including, subsequently, the Morphometric Prognostic Index (MPI), Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), Adjuvant! and Predict. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the prognostic performance of these models in a group of 166 early MBC patients. The MPI describes a "good"- (MPI&amp;lt;0,60) and a "poor" prognostic group (MPI&amp;gt;=0,60) by using a formula with mitotic activity index, tumour size and lymph node status. The NPI is calculated by a formula including size, number of lymph nodes with metastases and tumour grade and divides patients into three groups; "good-" (NPI &amp;lt;= 3,4), "intermediate-" (3,4&amp;lt;NPI&amp;gt;=5,4) and "poor" prognosis (NPI&amp;gt;5,4). For the programs Adjuvant!Online and Predict, similar groups with "good"-, "intermediate"- and "poor" prognosis were defined by using tertiles. The prognostic performance of each test was studied by using the logrank-test and comparison between the models was done by using C-statistics. The mean age was 66,4 years old and the median survival was 4,6 years with a mean of 5,8 years overall survival. Survival of the highest predicted group was higher (MPI: 87%, NPI: 90%, Adjuvant!Online: 91% and Predict: 88%) than for the moderate groups (NPI: 76%, Adjuvant!Online: 77% and Predict: 75%) and lowest for the poor predicted groups (MPI: 51%, NPI: 43%, Adjuvant!Online: 45% and Predict: 42%), with p-values that were highly statistically significant. In terms of discrimination, all models were moderately able to discriminate between good and poor survivors (C-statistics; MPI; 0,674, NPI; 0,678, Adjuvant!Online; 0,717 and Predict; 0,711). In conclusion, the MPI, NPI, Adjuvant! and Predict, prognostic models that were originally developed and validated for FBC, perform fairly well for MBC. These models may therefore help in MBC prognostication and decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy. Citation Format: Carmen C vanderPol, Miangela M Lacle, Arjen J Witkamp, Robert Kornegoor, Miao Hui, Christine Bouchardy, Elsken vanderWall, Helena M Verkooijen, Paul J vanDiest. Prognostic models in male breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-36.
Abstract 15347: Symptom Status and Treatment Strategy in Contemporary Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Findings From the ORBIT-AF Registry
Authors: Jonathan P Piccini, Dajuanicia N Holmes, Donna M Ollis, Winnie W Nelson, Laine Thomas, Jack E Ansell, Gregg C Fonarow, Bernard J Gersh, Alan S Go, Elaine M Hylek, Peter R Kowey, Kenneth W Mahaffey, Renato D Lopes, Roger M Mills, Eric D Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: One goal of atrial fibrillation (AF) management is to control patient symptoms and improve quality of life. We analyzed AF symptom burden and treatment strategies in contemporary practi...
FIVE-YEAR DURABILITY OF SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IN PATIENTS WITH UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERIES COMPARED WITH BARE METAL STENTS: MULTICENTER REGISTRY IN ASIA
Authors: Sunao Nakamura, Hisao Ogawa, Jang-Ho Bae, Yeo Hans Cahyadi, Wasan Udayachalerm, Damras Tresukosol, Sudaratana Tansuphaswadikul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Evidence based case report: Sciatica: which intervention?
Authors: A. Samanta, J. Beardsley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Low back pain with sciatica is one of the most common complaints for which patients seek medical advice, and the condition has considerable economic consequences in terms of healthcare resources and lost productivity. Most patients return to their normal activities within six months. For many patients, such as the one described below, a lengthy spell off work can have serious repercussions, and a rapid return to work is imperative.

#### Summary points

Conservative management of sciatica may fail to bring relief, and a more invasive treatment is required

Evidence shows that an epidural injection of corticosteroids produces short term relief; adverse effects are few and not usually serious

Chemonucleolysis or discectomy have higher success rates but a greater risk of more serious adverse events

Long term results after surgery are only slightly better than non-surgical intervention

Patients require an individualised approach using best evidence and the application of clinical art and expertise

A man of 27 presented with low back pain of acute onset that was complicated by pain radiating down his right leg. The problem had coincided with a recent spell of gardening and had worsened progressively over the next few days, ultimately developing into numbness and tingling of the right foot. Although analgesics had controlled the pain, his foot had become noticeably weaker. At this stage he had consulted his general practitioner.

He was found to be fit and healthy; he had no history of similar complaints Physical examination showed that he had reduced forward flexion of the lumbar spine; straight leg raising was limited to 45° on the right hand side. A sciatic stretch test on his right leg had positive results, and responses to light touch and pin prick were reduced on the lateral side and over the dorsum of the right foot. …
THE PRESENT STATUS OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA; EXPERIENCE WITH 600 CASES OVER EIGHT YEARS
Authors: Cyrus C. Sturgis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1936)

Article1 September 1936THE PRESENT STATUS OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA; EXPERIENCE WITH 600 CASES OVER EIGHT YEARSCYRUS C. STURGIS, F.A.C.P.CYRUS C. STURGIS, F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-10-3-283 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptINTRODUCTIONIt is not the purpose of this article to present new and detailed data concerning pernicious anemia, but merely to give a number of conclusions dealing with some aspects of the etiology, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the disease which are based upon an experience with over 600 patients whom we have observed during the past eight years. The remarkable development of our knowledge of this condition during the last decade constitutes one of the most brilliant chapters in the history of medicine, for not only has a means been found of controlling a condition which had hitherto been... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan*Presented at the Detroit meeting of the American College of Physicians, March 4, 1936. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEVALUATION OF PRESENT DAY TREATMENT OF PEPTIC ULCERThe problem of peptic ulcerAchylia gastrica: Keystone in the development and eradication of macrocytic achylic anemia (Pernicious anemia, Addison-Biermer)Die Erkrankungen des erythrocytären SystemsErkennung und Behandlung der AnämienTHE LIPID AND MINERAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SERUM AND ERYTHROCYTES IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA 1 September 1936Volume 10, Issue 3Page: 283-289KeywordsEtiologyHistory of medicinePernicious anemia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1936 PDF downloadLoading ...
Sclerosing panniculitis is associated with pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis
Authors: M. Jinnin, H. Ihn, Y. Asano, K. Yamane, N. Yazawa, K. Tamaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

There have been no reports of patients with sclerosing panniculitis and systemic sclerosis (SSc).To evaluate the incidence of sclerosing panniculitis in patients with SSc, and to investigate the clinical features of such cases.In total, 128 patients with SSc treated at our clinic were investigated retrospectively.SSc patients with sclerosing panniculitis had pulmonary hypertension (PH), especially isolated PH, at a significantly higher incidence than those without. Among the SSc patients with PH, those with sclerosing panniculitis had pulmonary infarctions at a higher incidence than those without.Our results suggest that thrombosis caused by venous hypertension of the leg may be the main cause of PH in patients with SSc and sclerosing panniculitis. Sclerosing panniculitis may be a useful marker of PH in patients with SSc.
Abstract 15529: Transgenic Short QT Syndrome Type 1 Rabbits (HERG-N588K) Mimic the Human Phenotype with Shortened Cardiac Repolarization, Ventricular Fibrillation, and Sudden Death
Authors: Katja E Odening, Gerlind Franke, Raphaela Rieke, Anna Topf Aguiar de Medeiros, Ilona Bodi, Stefanie Perez-Feliz, Naga Deepa Pantulu, Corinna N Lang, David Ziupa, Manfred Zehender, Axel zur Hausen, Christoph Bode, Genevieve Jolivet, Michael Brunner
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction and Hypothesis: Short QT syndrome is an inherited ion channelopathy with an accelerated cardiac repolarization due to gain-of-function mutations in K+ channel genes. Patients are prone to ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Detailed knowledge about mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis is lacking. We aimed at generating transgenic SQT1 rabbits as novel tool to investigate these mechanisms. Methods: FLAG-HA-tagged HERG-N588K cDNA and the b-MyHC promoter were integrated into a pBSII SK vector and microinjected into rabbit oocytes. SQT1 rabbits and their wildtype (WT) littermates were subjected to in vivo ECG and ex vivo monophasic action potential (AP) measurements. Electrical remodeling was investigated using real-time PCR. Results: We successfully generated 3 transgenic SQT1 founder rabbits. One of the founders died suddenly at the age of 60 days. In SQT1 rabbits (F1) not subjected to any experiments 3/11 died around day 40 vs. 0/8 WT rabbits (p&lt;0.05). SQT1 founder rabbits and their offspring demonstrated a shortened QT interval compared to WT (QT, ms, SQT1, n=44, 147.8±1.7 vs. WT, n=24, 166.4±2.9, p&lt;0.0001, heart-rate corrected QTi, %, 91.6±0.7 vs. 98.1±1.1, p&lt;0.0001) with no gender differences among SQT1 rabbits. Moreover, in SQT1, AP duration was shortened in all segments of LV base, mid, and apex (LV base-lat, APD90, ms, SQT1, n=7, 118.6±5.1 vs. WT, n=9, 154.4±2.2, p&lt;0.0001; APD75, 93.1±6.8 vs. 127.1±1.9, p&lt;0.0001). Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred more often during AP measurements in SQT1 than in WT rabbits (SQT1, 5/13 vs. WT, 0/8, p&lt;0.05). FLAG-HA-HERG-N588K channels expressed in HEK cells demonstrated increased IKr steady currents and impaired inactivation indicative of a gain-of-function. Remodeling of ion channels and Ca2+ handling proteins occurred in SQT1 rabbits with a downregulation of L-type Ca2+ channel mRNA in LV septum-mid (SQT1, n=4, 0.84±0.1 vs. WT, n=6, 1.03±0.1, p&lt;0.05) and of RyR2 in LV septum-apex (0.85±0.1 vs. 1.08±0.1, p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: These first transgenic SQT1 rabbits over-expressing a HERG-N588K gain-of-function mutation mimic the human phenotype with shortening of QT and APD, a high rate of VF and SCD. These models are thus a useful tool to explore arrhythmogenic mechanisms in SQTS.
Reproducibility of Histamine Skin Prick Test
Authors: E. Taudorf, H.‐J. Malling, L. C. Laursen, Å. Lanner, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1985)

The reproducibility of skin prick test using histamine dihydrochloride 1, 5, and 10 mg/ml was tested by three nurses in five non‐atopics in a double‐blind trial. The variations day‐to‐day, within‐day, between and for the same tester were calculated. Seventy‐five percent of wheal reactions obtained by histamine 1 mg/ml were &lt; 15 mm 2 . With histamine 5 mg/ml there were only a few wheals &lt; 15 mm 2 and none at all with bistamine 10 mg/ml. The mean coefficient of variation of wheals &gt; 15 mm2 was between 20–30%, in contrast to figures between 30‐60% with wheals &lt; 15 mm2. No significant day‐to‐day or within‐day variation was shown concerning histamine wheal areas. It is suggested that histamine dihydrochloride 10 mg/ml should replace histamine dihydrochloride 1 mg/ml as the positive reference in routine skin prick tests and biological standardization.
Markers in Prenatal Ultrasound Debated
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Strategic management of keloid disease in ethnic skin: a structured approach supported by the emerging literature
Authors: S. Ud-Din, A. Bayat
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Keloid disease (KD) is a common, benign, dermal fibroproliferative growth of unknown aetiology. Lesions tend to grow over time; they often recur following therapy and do not regress spontaneously. KD causes considerable discomfort due to pain, pruritus and inflammation, and a significant psychosocial impact with reduced quality of life. It is unique to humans and occurrence is higher in individuals with dark, pigmented, ethnic skin. There is a strong familial heritability, with a high ethnic predisposition in individuals of African, Asian and Hispanic descent. High recurrence rates and unknown resolution rates present a major problem for both the patient and clinician. Many treatment modalities exist; however, there is no single advocated therapy. Therefore, the aim of this review was to explore the most current literature regarding the range of treatment options for KD and to offer a structured approach in the management of KD, based on evidence and experience, to aid clinicians in their current practice. A focused history involving careful evaluation of the patient's symptoms, signs, quality of life and psychosocial well‐being should direct targeted therapy, complemented with regular follow‐up and re‐evaluation. Many treatment modalities, such as intralesional steroid injection, silicone gel application, cryotherapy, lasers, 5‐fluorouracil and, relatively recently, photodynamic therapy, are currently being used in clinical practice for the management of KD. Combination therapies have also been shown to be beneficial. However, there is a lack of robust, randomized, level‐one, evidence‐controlled trials evaluating these treatment options. Management of KD in ethnic pigmented skin remains a clinical challenge. Thus, a strategic approach with structured assessment, targeted therapy and focus on prevention of recurrence is highly recommended. Quality evidence is essential in order to tailor treatment effectively for the ethnic patient presenting with KD.
Guggulipid and Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Fabio Firenzuoli, Luigi Gori
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Urography: An Atlas and Textbook of Roentgenologic Diagnosis
Authors: John Lester Emmett
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Drug points: Fever associated with cyclosporin for treating atopic dermatitis
Authors: M D Thomas, L J Cook
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Cyclosporin is a fungal metabolite widely used in preventing graft rejection after tissue transplantation and in treating severe atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. It is a potent immunosuppressant, with its beneficial effects being attributed to the inhibition of T cell activation and interleukin 2 production.1At the time of writing, three …