tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trial Publication after Registration in ClinicalTrials.Gov: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Joseph S. Ross, Gregory K. Mulvey, Elizabeth M. Hines, Steven E. Nissen, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Background ClinicalTrials.gov is a publicly accessible, Internet-based registry of clinical trials managed by the US National Library of Medicine that has the potential to address selective trial publication. Our objectives were to examine completeness of registration within ClinicalTrials.gov and to determine the extent and correlates of selective publication. Methods and Findings We examined reporting of registration information among a cross-section of trials that had been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov after December 31, 1999 and updated as having been completed by June 8, 2007, excluding phase I trials. We then determined publication status among a random 10% subsample by searching MEDLINE using a systematic protocol, after excluding trials completed after December 31, 2005 to allow at least 2 y for publication following completion. Among the full sample of completed trials (n = 7,515), nearly 100% reported all data elements mandated by ClinicalTrials.gov, such as intervention and sponsorship. Optional data element reporting varied, with 53% reporting trial end date, 66% reporting primary outcome, and 87% reporting trial start date. Among the 10% subsample, less than half (311 of 677, 46%) of trials were published, among which 96 (31%) provided a citation within ClinicalTrials.gov of a publication describing trial results. Trials primarily sponsored by industry (40%, 144 of 357) were less likely to be published when compared with nonindustry/nongovernment sponsored trials (56%, 110 of 198; p<0.001), but there was no significant difference when compared with government sponsored trials (47%, 57 of 122; p = 0.22). Among trials that reported an end date, 75 of 123 (61%) completed prior to 2004, 50 of 96 (52%) completed during 2004, and 62 of 149 (42%) completed during 2005 were published (p = 0.006). Conclusions Reporting of optional data elements varied and publication rates among completed trials registered within ClinicalTrials.gov were low. Without greater attention to reporting of all data elements, the potential for ClinicalTrials.gov to address selective publication of clinical trials will be limited. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Louis Reid Robinson
Authors: T A J Dawson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant psychiatrist Belfast (b Armagh 1926; q Trinity College Dublin 1949; MD, MRCPsych), d 20 May 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




Louis worked for one year as house surgeon in Armagh City Hospital. After a short spell in neurology he took up psychiatry, in which specialty he continued for the rest of his working life. Louis was appointed consultant psychiatrist to Purdysburn Hospital, Belfast (now Knockbracken Healthcare Park) in 1961, remaining in post until his retirement in 1990. Louis never married and lived alone in his bungalow not far from Purdysburn.
Owen Lyndon Wade
Authors: M. Kendall
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Clinical pharmacologist who revolutionised the BNF 

Professor Owen Wade’s greatest legacy is the British National Formulary ( BNF ) in its current format, which is regarded as the bible by prescribers and dispensers and is now used by almost all doctors, pharmacists, and those training to be prescribers in the United Kingdom. Owen was one of the founding leaders of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics in the UK. He created two new departments, in Belfast and Birmingham, and played a key role in the training of many medical students.

From 1948 to 1978 the BNF was a dull, hardback publication that explained how to make old fashioned and largely ineffective remedies. It was published about every three years and used many Latin terms and 19th century measures. In 1978 Owen became chairman of the formulary committee. He led the team that by 1981 had transformed the BNF into its modern, paperback format, published every six months and used by thousands of doctors in the UK and …
Adventitial fibroblast reactive oxygen species as autacrine and paracrine mediators of remodeling: Bellwether for vascular disease?
Authors: M HAURANI, P PAGANO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

The importance of the vascular adventitia is increasingly being recognized not only in vascular disease but also in normal maintenance and homeostasis of vessels. Activation of the adventitia and its resident fibrocytic cells in response to injury, stretch, cytokines, and hormones has been shown to stimulate differentiation, collagen deposition, migration, and proliferation. Importantly, the effects of adventitial fibroblasts are increasingly being ascribed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by adventitial fibroblast NAD(P)H oxidases. Much historical and recent evidence suggests that fibroblast NAD(P)H oxidase) is a harbinger and initiator of vascular disease and remodeling. Data from our laboratory indicate that adventitial fibroblast NAD(P)H oxidase plays a direct and/or paracrine role in neointimal hyperplasia as well as a paracrine role in medial smooth muscle hypertrophy in vivo. We propose that adventitial NAD(P)H oxidase-derived cell-permeant hydrogen peroxide or a byproduct of its oxidation of lipids activates signaling mechanisms in medial smooth muscle leading to the growth response. This review will address the potential role of this adventitial ROS in vascular inflammation and cytokine release to potentiate smooth muscle hypertrophy. We will also survey other signaling pathways involving adventitial NAD(P)H oxidase ultimately leading to changes in vascular phenotype.
Tc-99m DTP A and l-131 Hippurate Renography Findings in Hepatorenal Syndrome
Authors: R. K. HALKAR, J. A. ZIFFER, ANDREW TAYLOR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Tc-99m DTPA and I-131 OIH renography were performed simultaneously in a patient with hepatorenal syndrome. Blood flow was delayed and diminished bilaterally; there was Tc-99m DTPA and I-131 OIH retention in the parenchyma with no evidence of tracer retention in the collecting systems. The I-131 OIH renogram curve demonstrated a steadily rising pattern, whereas the Tc-99m DTPA curve demonstrated an initial vascular peak and was subsequently flat. There was no appreciable response to furosemide. These findings are not specific for hepatorenal syndrome, and the diagnosis is based on the characteristic clinical setting and the exclusion of other causes of renal failure. A brief literature review and a discussion of differential diagnosis are included.
Aberrant CpG island methylation in acute myeloid leukemia is accentuated at relapse
Authors: Heike Kroeger, Jaroslav Jelinek, Marcos R. H. Estécio, Rong He, Kimie Kondo, Woonbok Chung, Li Zhang, Lanlan Shen, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos, Jean-Pierre J. Issa
Journal: Blood (2008)
PHASE CONTRAST AND INTERFEROMETRIC MICROSCOPY OF THE L.E. CELL PHENOMENON
Authors: Richard A. Rifkind, Gabriel C. Godman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Alterations in the cellular morphology of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes under the influence of serum from patients having disseminated lupus erythematosus were observed under the phase contrast microscope. These changes appear to involve the cell nucleus without significant visible incorporation of cytoplasm. In the formation of the L.E. body, there is a loss of internal nuclear structure and a subsequent nuclear swelling and extrusion of the nuclear contents from the cell to form the free L.E. body. The possible incorporation of cytoplasmic substance cannot alone account for the large mass of the L.E. body as contrasted with the parent nucleus or nuclear lobe. Measurements of dry mass by means of the interference microscope show a two and one-half-fold increment in dry mass in L.E. bodies compared to parent lymphocyte nuclei. This confirms previous cytochemical studies, and establishes that an influx of protein into the leukocyte nucleus is an integral part of the L.E. phenomenon. That the accumulation of extraneous protein within the L.E. body is simultaneous with or subsequent to a disruption of the normal structure of the leukocyte nucleus is apparent from these studies, but the pathogenesis of this alteration is as yet unknown.
The effect of the co-immobilization of human osteoprogenitors and endothelial cells within alginate microspheres on mineralization in a bone defect
Authors: Maritie Grellier, Pedro L. Granja, Jean-Christophe Fricain, Sílvia J. Bidarra, Martine Renard, Reine Bareille, Chantal Bourget, Joelle Amédée, Mário A. Barbosa
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
The Hospice Movement
Authors: Melvin J. Krant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

The subject of death and dying has received increasing public and academic attention in the past decade. Newsweek magazine made the saga of "Living with Dying" its cover story recently,1 and a feature on "A Better Way of Dying" appeared in a recent issue of Time.2 Students ranging in age from kindergarteners to octogenarians, in settings as diversified as municipal grade schools, universities, medical and nursing schools and basement halls of churches and synagogues have participated in offerings on the subject. Pari passu, concerns for the medical plight of the dying patient have evolved and, of late, coalesced into . . .
An Extrabiliary Cause of Cholescintigraphic Nonvisualization of the Gallbladder: Bile Peritonitis
Authors: Kurt A. Westley, William H. Straub, John W. Keyes
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Westley, Kurt A. M.D.; Straub, William H. M.D.; Keyes, John W. Jr. M.D. Author Information
Lack of hyaluronidases exacerbates renal post-ischemic injury, inflammation, and fibrosis
Authors: Vanessa Colombaro, Inès Jadot, Anne-Emilie Declèves, Virginie Voisin, Laetitia Giordano, Isabelle Habsch, Jérémy Malaisse, Bruno Flamion, Nathalie Caron
Journal: Kidney International (2015)

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a pathological process that may lead to acute renal failure and chronic dysfunction in renal allografts. During IRI, hyaluronan (HA) accumulates in the kidney, but suppression of HA accumulation during IRI protects the kidney from ischemic insults. Here we tested whether Hyal1-/- and Hyal2-/- mice display exacerbated renal damage following unilateral IRI due to a higher HA accumulation in the post-ischemic kidney compared with that in the kidney of wild-type mice. Two days after IRI in male mice there was accumulation of HA and CD44 in the kidney, marked tubular damage, infiltration, and increase creatininemia in wild-type mice. Knockout mice exhibited higher amounts of HA and higher creatininemia. Seven days after injury, wild-type mice had a significant decrease in renal damage, but knockout mice still displayed exacerbated inflammation. HA and CD44 together with α-smooth muscle actin and collagen types I and III expression were increased in knockout compared with wild-type mice 30 days after IRI. Thus, both HA-degrading enzymes seem to be protective against IRI most likely by reducing HA accumulation in the post-ischemic kidney and decreasing the inflammatory processes. Deficiency in either HYAL1 or HYAL2 leads to enhanced HA accumulation in the post-ischemic kidney and consequently worsened inflammatory response, increased tubular damage, and fibrosis.
Eleanor Symmers (nee Farrell)
Authors: T. Anderson, B. Symmers
Journal: BMJ (2010)

After graduating MB ChB from Glasgow University in 1965, Eleanor Symmers (nee Farrell) trained from 1967 at University College Hospital and the Tavistock Clinic in London, where the psychodynamic and psychotherapeutic approaches were favoured. This interest and direction lasted a lifetime. She married in 1969, after which her career was influenced by her husband’s GP training posts, and …
Endoplasmic reticulum-tethered transcription factor cAMP responsive element-binding protein, hepatocyte specific, regulates hepatic lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and lipolysis upon metabolic stress in mice
Authors: Chunbin Zhang, Guohui Wang, Ze Zheng, Krishna Rao Maddipati, Xuebao Zhang, Gregory Dyson, Paul Williams, Stephen A. Duncan, Randal J. Kaufman, Kezhong Zhang
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract cAMP responsive element-binding protein, hepatocyte specific (CREBH), is a liver-specific transcription factor localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Our previous work demonstrated that CREBH is activated by ER stress or inflammatory stimuli to induce an acute-phase hepatic inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that CREBH is a key metabolic regulator of hepatic lipogenesis, fatty acid (FA) oxidation, and lipolysis under metabolic stress. Saturated FA, insulin signals, or an atherogenic high-fat diet can induce CREBH activation in the liver. Under the normal chow diet, CrebH knockout mice display a modest decrease in hepatic lipid contents, but an increase in plasma triglycerides (TGs). After having been fed an atherogenic high-fat (AHF) diet, massive accumulation of hepatic lipid metabolites and significant increase in plasma TG levels were observed in the CrebH knockout mice. Along with the hypertriglyceridemia phenotype, the CrebH null mice displayed significantly reduced body-weight gain, diminished abdominal fat, and increased nonalcoholic steatohepatitis activities under the AHF diet. Gene-expression analysis and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that CREBH is required to activate the expression of the genes encoding functions involved in de novo lipogenesis, TG and cholesterol biosynthesis, FA elongation and oxidation, lipolysis, and lipid transport. Supporting the role of CREBH in lipogenesis and lipolysis, forced expression of an activated form of CREBH protein in the liver significantly increases accumulation of hepatic lipids, but reduces plasma TG levels in mice. Conclusion : All together, our study shows that CREBH plays a key role in maintaining lipid homeostasis by regulating the expression of the genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis, FA oxidation, and lipolysis under metabolic stress. The identification of CREBH as a stress-inducible metabolic regulator has important implications in the understanding and treatment of metabolic disease. (Hepatology 2012)
Health System–Wide Quality Programs to Improve Blood Pressure Control
Authors: Abhinav Goyal, William A. Bornstein
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes and serum lipoprotein(a) levels in maintenance hemodialysis patients with/without diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kyoko Hirata, Shuichi Kikuchi, Keijiro Saku, Shiro Jimi, Bo Zhang, Setsuya Naito, Hideo Hamaguchi, Kikuo Arakawa
Journal: Kidney International (1993)
Sulfuric acid-induced changes in the physiology and structure of the tracheobronchial airways.
Authors: J M Gearhart, R B Schlesinger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Sulfuric acid aerosols occur in the ambient particulate mode due to atmospheric conversion from sulfur dioxide (SO2). This paper describes the response of the rabbit tracheobronchial tree to daily exposures to sulfuric acid (H2SO4) aerosol, relating physiological and morphological parameters. Rabbits were exposed to filtered air (sham control) or to submicrometer-sized H2SO4 at 250 micrograms/m3 H2SO4, for 1 hr/day, 5 days/week, with sacrifices after 4, 8, and 12 months of acid (or sham) exposure; some rabbits were allowed a 3-month recovery after all exposures ended. H2SO4 produced a slowing of tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance during the first weeks of exposure; this change became significantly greater with continued exposures and did not improve after exposures ended. Airway hyperresponsiveness was evident by 4 months of acid exposure; the condition worsened by 8 months of exposure and appeared to stabilize after this time. Standard pulmonary mechanics parameters showed no significant trends with repeated acid exposure, except for a decline in dynamic lung compliance in animals exposed to acid for 12 months. Lung tissue samples obtained from exposed animals showed a shift toward a greater frequency of smaller airways compared to control, an increase in epithelial secretory cell density in smaller airways, and a shift from neutral to acidic glycoproteins in the secretory cells. The effect on airway diameter resolved after the exposures ceased, but the secretory cell response did not return to normal within the recovery period. No evidence of inflammatory cell infiltration was found due to H2SO4 exposure. Thus, significant alterations in the physiology of the tracheobronchial tree have been demonstrated due to repeated 1-hr exposures to a concentration of H2SO4 that is one-fourth the current 8-hr threshold limit value for exposure in the work environment. The cumulative dose inhaled by the rabbits is similar to current peak daily doses from ambient exposure in North America. The results obtained in the rabbit model provide insight into early changes in the tracheobronchial tree due to repeated irritant exposure and may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic airway disease.
Lords committee comes down against presumed consent for organ donation
Authors: S. Yadav
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A proposed European Commission directive on organ donation must be flexible enough to allow for clinical judgment and for patients to be able to make an informed choice, a report by the House of Lords European Union Committee says.

The report, while supporting the European Commission’s proposal to introduce a directive on the quality and safety of organ donation and transplantation, says that the commission must not impose requirements beyond those that are clinically justifiable.

It comes down against the idea of presumed consent, under which everyone is considered to have consented to their organs being used after death unless they have opted out of the scheme by signing a register. …
Eastern Mediterranean Association of Medical Editors
Authors: Arash Etemadi, Akbar Fotouhi, Asieh Golozar, Jane Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Obstacles to health in the Arab worldEditor-Health indicators in the Arab world show stark differences between individual countries.But aggregate figures provide only a narrow perspective.They do not show variation according to socioeconomic group, sex, education, or political affiliation.The scarcity of databases available to collect such detailed data reflects the fact that inadequate political support exists for rigorous intersectoral research of relevance for health in the region.National development agendas and public policies are focused on economic development.Funding for health tends largely to be directed at providing curative medical services designed to emulate Western health systems. 1 Patriarchal and religious principles embedded in the state structures of many Arab countries-such as Lebanon, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia-are a further obstacle to unpicking and taking action to tackle poor health and health inequity in the region.The conservative values of the Arab world render public debates about religion, politics, and sexuality unacceptable and place social stigma around drug users, commercial sex workers, and mentally ill people.As a result, health data on such groups are limited and unreliable, 2 which presents an obstacle for the development of appropriate services.Although national cultural, social, and economic structures are to blame for patchy and inequitable public health services, particularly in Egypt, Morocco, and Lebanon, 3 regional and global forces influence health provision too.The Arab-Israeli conflict, the wars in Iraq, the Gulf, Lebanon, Yemen, and Sudan have brought about hunger, epidemics, displacement, and death.These wars have been tacitly bolstered by multinational corporations, which have sold billions of dollars worth of weapons to Arab countries in conflict.Governments' expenditures on defence in some Arab countries are greater than their expenditure on health. 4 International political action (and inaction), notably in Iraq and Lebanon, has played a part too.Similarly, global decisions have led to fluctuations of funding for the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), the leading health and social service provider to Palestinian refugees. 5 Multilateral and bilateral aid has also influenced public policy making in many economies of the Arab world, owing to demands for reform and reduced public sector spending.These have had a dispro-portionate effect on low income groups.Although several Arab countries have banned tobacco advertisements, tobacco companies continue to reach Arab homes through satellite television stations, another global feature.Tobacco related mortality is expected to reach 0.5 million deaths in the Arab world by 2020.Further investigation of the ways that powerful regional and global agents effect health in the Arab world and beyond is crucial for a clearer perspective on obstacles to health.Only then will the possibility of advocacy for lasting health see the light.
Fatal Aplastic Anemia Following Use of Potassium Perchlorate in Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Julius R. Krevans
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THIS IS A REPORT of a patient who died of aplastic anemia resulting from potassium perchlorate administered in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Three similar cases have recently been reported in Great Britain. The gravity of this complication, despite its rarity, precludes further therapeutic use of this drug except perhaps under unusual circumstances. Report of a Case The patient was a married white woman. At her death on June 28, 1961, she was 26 years of age. At age 15, following a fall, she had mild nausea, vomiting, and headache for 3 weeks. During her only pregnancy, in 1958, she had an attack of pyelitis. For the past 6 years infrequent migraine headaches were noted, for which she occasionally took ergotamine. She had tonsillectomy at age 4, appendectomy at age 17, and dilatation and curettage of the uterus at 18 years of age. Hyperthyroidism began in late 1957 with symptoms of