tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF PYLOROSPASM AND GASTRIC RETENTION IN RATS
Authors: Frederick Hoelzel, Esther Da Costa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

1. A method was found whereby the development of gastric retention could be studied in intact animals without the necessity of recourse to the use of x-rays. 2. Gastric retention was found to develop as a result of protein restriction in 7 out of 10 rats studied. Such retention could again be cleared up with protein realimentation or by allowing the animals free choice of protein, fat and carbohydrate. 3. A diet high in protein following periods of undernutrition or prolonged protein restriction usually gave rise to a transient gastric retention. 4. Diets with a solution of 25 per cent or more of alcohol added promptly gave rise to gastric retention in rats even when the protein content of the diet was adequate. 5. Evidence is given indicating that the gastric retention which occurred in this study involved more or less pylorospasm and the possible influence of mechanical and chemical irritation and of changes in gastric mucin and bile flow upon the development of pylorospasm are discussed. 6. Spira's theory that fat in the diet gives rise to pylorospasm and ulceration is not supported by the results of our experiments.
IMPACT OF TOTAL STENT LENGTH ON 1-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH BIOLIMUS-ELUTING STENT AND EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT
Authors: Takashi Hiromasa, Shoichi Kuramitsu, Takashi Morinaga, Yohei Kobayashi, Takenori Domei, Makoto Hyodo, Shinichi Shirai, Koyu Sakai, Kenji Ando, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Masashi Iwabuchi, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
REPORT ON AN INTESTINAL CONCRETION FROM A HORSE
Authors: G. Rigden
Journal: BMJ (1855)

somthing more.The second occurred at a residence as we have stted, surrounded by water meadow; and the third o in the same pariis as the second, only & mile lower down the same river.And it may be well to men- tion, that I have had another case of trismus in this same parish, but of a hysterical and not traumatic nature.Facts, rightly interpreted, must ever comport with true science; and the object of the writer in detailing, thus im- perfectly, these cases of tetanus, is the hope that they may assist in justifying the science of medicine.Quininac is property appears to have been acquired by the liquid mat- ters constantly passing between its angles, as the extreme
52. A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Trial of Intravesical CG0070 for Superficial Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) of the Bladder after Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Failure
Authors: Neil Senzer, John Nemunaitis, Michael Goldstein, James Arseneau, Don Lamm, Joe Stephenson, Harry Tsai, Kristina Neal, Junko Aimi, D.C. Yu, Daniel Maslyar, John Corman, James Mckiernan, James Burke
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Introduction and Objective: CG0070 is a replication competent adenovirus (AD) modified to express the cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony stimlatory factor (GM-CSF) and replicate preferentially in Retinoblastoma (RB) pathway defective cancers via replacement of the key wild-type AD promoter E1a with the human E2F-1 promoter. Preclinical studies show CG0070 to be a selective cytotoxic and immunostimulant. BCG, which acts by generating an anti-tumor immune response, is the standard of care for patients with Superficial TCC. Given the limited treatment options following BCG therapy and the relevance of immunological therapy for TCC, this Phase 1 study was initiated. Methods: The primary goals for this study of intravesical (IVE) CG0070 in patients with existing TCC after BCG failure is the evaluation of safety and the identification of a maximum tolerated dose. Assessment of response rate and progression free survival is also planned. T1, Ta, or CIS patients with normal coagulation; and adequate kidney, liver, and bone marrow function are eligible. 3 patients at single IVE doses of 1012, 3x1012, 1013, 3x1013, and 1014viral particles (vp) will be evaluated . All patients receive dodecyl-maltoside, a mild detergent, prior to CG0070 to enhance penetration of the mucosal layer. Patients are assessed for adverse events (AE) and laboratory measures of toxicity. Results: 6 total patients have been treated to date at 1012 and 3x1012vp. Treatment was tolerable with mild-moderate AE reported including dysuria, urgency, and malaise. No grade 3/4 AE or significant lab toxicity was reported. Cystoscopic examination of 3 patients day 8 after treatment with 1012vp revealed inflammation and tumor regression. A complete response (CR) at week 12+ after treatment was reported in a patient with Ta TCC treated with 1012vp. For all other patients efficacy assessment will be presented. Conclusions: Preliminary results of IVE CG0070 in patients with superficial TCC who have failed BCG suggest a good safety profile with limited local toxicity. Notably, initial evidence of anti-tumor activity is suggested by CR in 1 of 3 pts treated at the initial dose of only 1012vp. Conclusions regarding safety and efficacy will be updated at presentation. K Neal - Cell Genesys, Inc. J. Aimi - Cell Genesys, Inc. D. Yu - Cell Genesys, Inc. J. Burke - Cell Genesys, Inc.
1036. Engraftment of side population Stem Cells in Canine Recipients
Authors: Andrea K. Vaags, David Caton, Krista Halling, Cathy Gartley, Suzana Rosic-Kablar, Stephen A. Kruth, Margaret R. Hough
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Side population (SP) cells, isolated on the basis of efflux of the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342, contain most of the hematopoietic stem cells of adult bone marrow. In addition to their ability to reconstitute the hematopoietic system, marrow-derived SP cells may contribute to the regeneration of nonhematopoietic tissues including cardiac and skeletal muscle, vascular endothelium and depleted osteoprogenitor pools. SP cells have also been identified in heart, mammary gland and liver where they demonstrated stem cell activity. Given the potential of SP cells to generate the entire hematopoietic repertoire and their possible capacity to differentiate into multiple tissues, SP cells may provide an ideal source of stem cells for use in regenerative medicine. To date, however, demonstration of the in vivo functional potential of SP cells has been limited to murine studies. Before SP cells can be used in the clinical setting, their utility and safety must be demonstrated in large animal models. Inbred dogs with genetic disorders homologous with human diseases have historically been used as models in preclinical studies to develop novel strategies for bone marrow transplantation and gene and stem cell-based therapies. Dogs share many biochemical and physiologic characteristics with humans and thus often exhibit a greater resemblance to human diseases than do their rodent counterparts. We previously demonstrated that the frequency and phenotype of canine and murine bone marrow-derived SP cells were similar and that canine SP cells efficiently engraft NOD/SCID mice. We now report the engraftment potential of male canine marrow-derived SP cells after injection into day 38 fetal pups. Twenty-seven days after injection, 9 female pups were delivered by elective C-section with 7 born alive and healthy. One female was stillborn and another was euthanized 1 month after delivery due to congenital defects. Monthly peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates were collected and used to monitor donor cell engraftment by Y chromosome-specific polymerase chain reaction. Relatively constant engraftment levels of 0.01% in peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells have been observed out to 7 months after birth. Analysis of multiple tissues from the deceased puppies also showed the presence of Y chromosome marked cells in the blood, bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidney, muscle, and heart. These data support the hypothesis that canine SP cells offer a highly enriched source of stem cells with the potential to reconstitute the hematopoietic system and be found in multiple nonhematopoietic tissues. Current studies are underway to address questions of transdifferentiation verses fusion and to boost levels of engraftment by re-infusing recipients with donor marrow.
Color-coded real-time cellular imaging of lung T-lymphocyte accumulation and focus formation in a mouse asthma model
Authors: Akihiro Hasegawa, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Meng Yang, Soichi Tofukuji, Kazuo Suzuki, Hiroshi Nakajima, Robert M. Hoffman, Mutsunori Shirai, Toshinori Nakayama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Prediction model for mortality after intracranial hemorrhage in patients with leukemia
Authors: Farshid Dayyani, Sarah Schellhorn Mougalian, Kiran Naqvi, Jianqin Shan, Farhad Ravandi, Jorge Cortes, Jeffrey Weinberg, Elias Jabbour, Stefan Faderl, William Wierda, Deborah Thomas, Susan O'Brien, Sherry Pierce, Hagop Kantarjian, Guillermo Garcia‐Manero
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with great morbidity and mortality in patients with acute leukemia. We identified 118 patients with ICH from a total of 2,421 patient with leukemia who were treated at our institution between 2005-2009, and assessed the prognostic factors for mortality in the ICH cohort. Median age at time of ICH was 58 years, 49% were male, and 60% had acute myeloid leukemia. The relative incidence of ICH was highest in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis (12.1%). Mental status changes were the most common symptom which prompted work-up for ICH. Median survival for all patients after onset of ICH was 20 days. In multivariate analyses, four clinical characteristics were identified as independent adverse factors for mortality in patients with ICH: albumin <3.5 g/dL, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) >835 U/L, age > 60 years, and relapsed disease status. Based on the number of risk factors, mortality after ICH was: 25% (0 risk factor), 47% (1), 78% (2), and >97% (3 or 4). In conclusion, patients with leukemia who develop ICH do not have universally poor outcomes, and a simple scoring system could serve to advise physicians and families of the prognosis and the potential benefit of aggressive treatment options.
The Practice and Ethics of Risk-Rated Health Insurance
Authors: Donald W. Light
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Health insurance in the United States is driven by competitive risk rating and is promoted as the best way to give policyholders optimal value for their money and to be fair to those with lower risks. In practice, however, competitive risk rating costs more than noncompetitive, universal systems of health insurance, and it erodes the basic function of insurance to spread infrequent large losses over a wide base. This article describes not only how risk rating covers least those with the greatest medical bills, but also how it has spawned a labyrinth of complex manipulations by insurance companies to charge more or pay less than actuarially fair risk rating would justify. The final section shows that even if risk rating were done fairly, it contradicts moral fairness. Many of the leading proposals for national health insurance do not address these practical and ethical issues. The medical profession and policymakers need to discuss them and take a stand on them. (JAMA. 1992;267:2503-2508)
Acute Vertebral Osteomyelitis
Authors: Michelle V. Lee, Anthony Minotti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 77-year-old man with diabetes presented with a four-day history of fever and worsening left-sided neck and shoulder pain accompanied by numbness and paresthesias in the fingers of the hand on the same side. Physical examination revealed severely restricted neck movement and marked palpable neck tenderness over the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical vertebrae. The patient underwent integrated positron-emission tomographic and computed tomographic scanning because a pacemaker was present and magnetic resonance imaging could not be performed. The scans (Panels A and B) demonstrated an intense focal area of abnormal hypermetabolism confined to the left aspect of the fourth . . .
"PYOKTANIN" AS AN ANTISEPTIC.Read by Title in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: H. J. BOLDT
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Among the remedies introduced as antiseptics lately, is one called pyoktanin, of which Prof. Dr. J. Stilling, of Strasburg, is the discoverer. The advantages claimed for this analine compound are that, 1, it is devoid of any injurious effect on the human economy or organism; 2, certainly and utterly destructive of all bacteria or other microörganisms absorbing it; and 3, that it is rapidly diffusible in, and permeant of, both healthy and diseased animal tissues or fluids, and perfectly penetrant through the enveloping membranes and internal substance of all bacterial colonies harbored by them. The respective remedy, which is manufactured by E. Merck &amp; Co., has been given a thorough trial by me in suitable cases for but a comparatively short time, but even with so short a trial, it has impressed me very favorably. The suppuration ceases more rapidly under its influence than under the use of other remedies,
Delivery of Cytosolic Components by Autophagic Adaptor Protein p62 Endows Autophagosomes with Unique Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Marisa Ponpuak, Alexander S. Davis, Esteban A. Roberts, Monica A. Delgado, Christina Dinkins, Zijiang Zhao, Herbert W. Virgin, George B. Kyei, Terje Johansen, Isabelle Vergne, Vojo Deretic
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Significance of venous and lymphatic invasion in malignant polyps of the colon and rectum.
Authors: S Muller, I M Chesner, M J Egan, D C Rowlands, M J Collard, E T Swarbrick, J Newman
Journal: Gut (1989)

Three hundred and sixty seven neoplastic colorectal polyps removed at endoscopy of which 34 were complicated by invasive carcinoma, were reviewed clinically and histologically to assess the prevalence and clinical significance of venous and or lymphatic invasion. Traditional stains for histological assessment were supplemented by immunohistochemical methods. Venous and or lymphatic invasion was present in six cases (17.6%), with a statistically significant association with recurrent carcinoma or Dukes9s C carcinoma in polyps otherwise regarded as completely excised. The presence or absence of venous and or lymphatic invasion in malignant polyps should be documented as if present, further treatment is indicated. A combination of haematoxylin and eosin and elastic-van Gieson stains will usually identify the presence of vascular invasion. Where a discrepancy arises, however, additional immunohistochemical stains may be of value.
Urea permeability of mammalian inner medullary collecting duct system and papillary surface epithelium.
Authors: J M Sands, M A Knepper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

To compare passive urea transport across the inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCDs) and the papillary surface epithelium (PSE) of the kidney, two determinants of passive transport were measured, namely permeability coefficient and surface area. Urea permeability was measured in isolated perfused IMCDs dissected from carefully localized sites along the inner medullas of rats and rabbits. Mean permeability coefficients (X 10(-5) cm/s) in rat IMCDs were: outer third of inner medulla (IMCD1), 1.6 +/- 0.5; middle third (IMCD2), 46.6 +/- 10.5; and inner third (IMCD3), 39.1 +/- 3.6. Mean permeability coefficients in rabbit IMCDs were: IMCD1, 1.2 +/- 0.1; IMCD2, 11.6 +/- 2.8; and IMCD3, 13.1 +/- 1.8. The rabbit PSE was dissected free from the underlying renal inner medulla and was mounted in a specially designed chamber to measure its permeability to urea. The mean value was 1 X 10(-5) cm/s both in the absence and presence of vasopressin (10 nM). Morphometry of renal papillary cross sections revealed that the total surface area of IMCDs exceeds the total area of the PSE by 10-fold in the rat and threefold in the rabbit. We conclude: the IMCD displays axial heterogeneity with respect to urea permeability, with a high permeability only in its distal two-thirds; and because the urea permeability and surface area of the PSE are relatively small, passive transport across it is unlikely to be a major source of urea to the inner medullary interstitium.
Foxp3+ T Cells Inhibit Antitumor Immune Memory Modulated by mTOR Inhibition
Authors: Yanping Wang, Tim Sparwasser, Robert Figlin, Hyung L. Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Inhibition of mTOR signaling enhances antitumor memory lymphocytes. However, pharmacologic mTOR inhibition also enhances regulatory T-cell (Treg) activity. To counter this effect, Treg control was added to mTOR inhibition in preclinical models. Tregs were controlled with CD4-depleting antibodies because CD4 depletion has high translational potential and already has a well-established safety profile in patients. The antitumor activity of the combination therapy was CD8 dependent and controlled growth of syngeneic tumors even when an adoptive immunotherapy was not used. Lymphocytes resulting from the combination therapy could be transferred into naïve mice to inhibit aggressive growth of lung metastases. The combination therapy enhanced CD8 memory formation as determined by memory markers and functional studies of immune recall. Removal of FoxP3-expressing T lymphocytes was the mechanism underlying immunologic memory formation following CD4 depletion. This was confirmed using transgenic DEREG (depletion of regulatory T cells) mice to specifically remove Foxp3(+) T cells. It was further confirmed with reciprocal studies where stimulation of immunologic memory because of CD4 depletion was completely neutralized by adoptively transferring tumor-specific Foxp3(+) T cells. Also contributing to tumor control, Tregs that eventually recovered following CD4 depletion were less immunosuppressive. These results provide a rationale for further study of mTOR inhibition and CD4 depletion in patients.
Immunoglobulins in the skin in dermatitis herpetiformis and their relevance in diagnosis
Authors: P.P. SEAH, LIONEL FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article Immunoglobulins in the skin in dermatitis herpetiformis and their relevance in diagnosis Get access P.P. SEAH, P.P. SEAH St Mary's Hospital, London WZ 1NY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar LIONEL FRY LIONEL FRY St Mary's Hospital, London WZ 1NY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 92, Issue 2, 1 February 1975, Pages 157–166, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03052.x Published: 01 February 1975 Article history Accepted: 22 July 1974 Published: 01 February 1975
Unnecessary Speculation About Glucose and RBCs-Reply
Authors: Charles J. Billington
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  In reaction to our observations on artifactual hypoglycemia in patients afflicted with polycythemia vera, Dr Lorber faults us for describing rather than explaining the phenomena. We believe strongly that the critical point for clinical medicine is the false hypoglycemia itself. For those who practice general medicine and endocrinology, knowledge of the conditions that interfere with interpretation of standard tests is important, and our study was intended for this purpose. We believed that the observation had special relevance in view of the absence of previous reports describing the potentially misleading in vitro effect.  We do agree that understanding of biomedical mechanisms is desirable and something that all ultimately strive for. Dr Lorber no doubt understands as well as we do that the additional experiments he suggests could provide at best a modest refinement on our speculations. A more modern technique for exploring erythroycte metabolism than the one he mentions
Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens: its correct diagnosis facilitated by molecular genetic testing
Authors: M. Akiyama, Y. Tsuji-Abe, M. Yanagihara, K. Nakajima, H. Kodama, M. Yaosaka, M. Abe, D. Sawamura, H. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (IBS, MIM 146800) is a unique congenital ichthyosis characterized by mild epidermal hyperkeratosis over flexural areas, blister formation and the development of superficially denuded areas of hyperkeratotic skin. It is clinically difficult to distinguish severe IBS from mild bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (BCIE, MIM 113800). In the current literature, 19 IBS families with keratin 2e (K2e) mutations have been reported, despite only five IBS families having been reported before the first identification of K2e mutation in 1994. We studied four patients from three Japanese IBS families. They had previously been misdiagnosed as having BCIE before the correct diagnosis was made after mutation detection. To detect the pathogenic mutations, we performed direct sequencing of the entire coding regions of KRT2E encoding K2e in the patients and healthy family members. K2e mutations, a 1469T→C transition (L490P) and a 1477G→A transition (E493K) within the conserved 2B helix termination motif of the rod domain were detected in the families and the definite diagnosis of IBS was made in the four cases. The present results indicate that IBS is not such a rare entity as was previously thought, and accurate diagnosis is now available by mutation analysis.
Low molecular weight dextran in systemic sclerosis.
Authors: G Holti
Journal: BMJ (1971)

is in the vicinity of 5,000 blood donations annually, apart from the cost of the associated equipment for the preparation of platelet concentrates and the salary of a technologist over and above the salaries of the blood collection staff necessary.In this country we have available a "mini-exchange" set,3 comprising a needle and tubing connected to one limb of a Ypiece which has a free length of tubing from another limb, and the third limb fits the needle adaptor on the standard giving set.This enables the whole manoeuvre of mini-exchange and transfusion to be carried out with a single venepuncture.-Iam, etc.,
Inaccuracy and delay in decision making in paediatric resuscitation, and a proposed reference chart to reduce error.
Authors: P. A. Oakley
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Several surveys have noted the poor performance of junior hospital doctors in simulated cardiorespiratory arrest in adults. A further survey was undertaken to investigate inaccuracy and delay in the resuscitation of children. The results suggested that inaccuracy was a greater problem than delay. Because of the variation in size of children and the comparative infrequency of cardiorespiratory arrest in this age group a simple, versatile, and readily available reference chart is needed to aid rapid and accurate decisions.
Needle Biopsy in Bone Lesions
Authors: Robert R. Rix, Samuel M. Brooks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

NEEDLE biopsy is a well known and in some places a well established procedure, but it is probable that it is not widely enough used and that its advantages, particularly in the diagnosis of bone lesions, are not generally appreciated.Needle biopsy is of two distinct types; it is important to understand their differences. At the Memorial Hospital in New York City various workers1 have perfected and reported on a method that they have found successful. An 18-gauge needle is introduced into the mass and by a combination of suction and motion tiny bits of tissue are drawn into the . . .