tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GAVI rolls out vaccines against child killers to more countries
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI Alliance) has announced that it will provide funding for 16 developing countries to introduce rotavirus vaccines and for 18 to introduce pneumococcal vaccines.

The alliance says that this is “a major step towards protecting children against severe diarrhoea and pneumonia—the two leading child killers.”

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age, killing more than half a million children each year worldwide and causing illness in several million more.

The alliance says that nearly 50% of all deaths from rotavirus occur in African …
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after conditioning with 131I–anti-CD45 antibody plus fludarabine and low-dose total body irradiation for elderly patients with advanced acute myeloid leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: John M. Pagel, Theodore A. Gooley, Joseph Rajendran, Darrell R. Fisher, Wendy A. Wilson, Brenda M. Sandmaier, Dana C. Matthews, H. Joachim Deeg, Ajay K. Gopal, Paul J. Martin, Rainer F. Storb, Oliver W. Press, Frederick R. Appelbaum
Journal: Blood (2009)
Aspirin Use and Cardiovascular Disease in Women
Authors: Ralph B. D'Agostino
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their recent article, Manson et al<sup>1</sup>reported a reduced risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in women who took one through six aspirin per week. An analysis of data from the Framingham Heart Study suggests a similar effect in older men and women for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease, including transient ischemic attacks. <h3>Study.</h3> —At biennial examination 17 in 1981 to 1983, the examining physician recorded the number of aspirin taken per week. Of the 508 men and 917 women aged 63 through 94 years who were free of CVD and who were followed up through examination 19, there were 17% who reported taking one through six aspirin per week, 12% reported taking seven or more aspirin per week, and 71% reported taking no aspirin. Information on the indications for aspirin use was not collected. By the end of examination 19 (4 years
Moderate Amounts of Fructose Consumption Impair Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Young Men
Authors: Isabelle Aeberli, Michel Hochuli, Philip A. Gerber, Lisa Sze, Stefanie B. Murer, Luc Tappy, Giatgen A. Spinas, Kaspar Berneis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Adverse effects of hypercaloric, high-fructose diets on insulin sensitivity and lipids in human subjects have been shown repeatedly. The implications of fructose in amounts close to usual daily consumption, however, have not been well studied. This study assessed the effect of moderate amounts of fructose and sucrose compared with glucose on glucose and lipid metabolism.Nine healthy, normal-weight male volunteers (aged 21-25 years) were studied in this double-blind, randomized, cross-over trial. All subjects consumed four different sweetened beverages (600 mL/day) for 3 weeks each: medium fructose (MF) at 40 g/day, and high fructose (HF), high glucose (HG), and high sucrose (HS) each at 80 g/day. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps with [6,6]-(2)H(2) glucose labeling were used to measure endogenous glucose production. Lipid profile, glucose, and insulin were measured in fasting samples.Hepatic suppression of glucose production during the clamp was significantly lower after HF (59.4 ± 11.0%) than HG (70.3 ± 10.5%, P < 0.05), whereas fasting glucose, insulin, and C-peptide did not differ between the interventions. Compared with HG, LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol were significantly higher after MF, HF, and HS, and free fatty acids were significantly increased after MF, but not after the two other interventions (P < 0.05). Subjects' energy intake during the interventions did not differ significantly from baseline intake.This study clearly shows that moderate amounts of fructose and sucrose significantly alter hepatic insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism compared with similar amounts of glucose.
Ovarian Dysfunction Associated With an Anticonvulsant Drug
Authors: Ralph Cash
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Multiple endocrinopathies associated with the longterm administration of an anticonvulsant drug, aminoglutethimide (Elipten), were observed in a 19-year-old girl. The patient demonstrated minimal thyroid dysfunction with virilization as the major clinical manifestation of drug toxicity. Virilization was attributed to a disturbance in ovarian steroidogenesis. Evaluation of ovarian function should be undertaken in all women who continue to receive the drug for prolonged periods.
Trust can't withdraw treatment for tetraplegic woman even though insurer has promised a safety net in that event
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A primary care trust acted unlawfully in trying to cut off a care package for a young woman with tetraplegia after she reached a settlement over her road traffic accident claim, the High Court has ruled in a test case closely watched by other trusts.

Judge Mark Pelling, sitting as a High Court judge in Manchester, said that the NHS Constitution guaranteed access for all, regardless of the ability to pay.

Alyson Booker, aged 19, settled her claim over the crash, which happened nearly 10 years ago, for a lump sum of £2.95m (€3.4m; $4.7m) and £247 500 a year, index linked, to …
Outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adenosine deaminase–deficient severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Amel Hassan, Claire Booth, Alex Brightwell, Zoe Allwood, Paul Veys, Kanchan Rao, Manfred Hönig, Wilhelm Friedrich, Andrew Gennery, Mary Slatter, Robbert Bredius, Andrea Finocchi, Caterina Cancrini, Alessandro Aiuti, Fulvio Porta, Arnalda Lanfranchi, Michela Ridella, Colin Steward, Alexandra Filipovich, Rebecca Marsh, Victoria Bordon, Saleh Al-Muhsen, Hamoud Al-Mousa, Zobaida Alsum, Hasan Al-Dhekri, Abdulaziz Al Ghonaium, Carsten Speckmann, Alain Fischer, Nizar Mahlaoui, Kim E. Nichols, Eyal Grunebaum, Daifulah Al Zahrani, Chaim M. Roifman, Jaap Boelens, E. Graham Davies, Marina Cavazzana-Calvo, Luigi Notarangelo, H. Bobby Gaspar
Journal: Blood (2012)
LEGISLATIVE PROBLEMS IN THE REGULATION OF MARRIAGES.
Authors: C. W. PARKER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Of all the obstacles the legislator has to combat, the most sure and omnipresent is the antagonism of many minds to anything and everything<i>new</i>, from the legislative standpoint. This bias of many men, this inborn conservatism which arouses in the majority an unreasonable antagonism to all measures which are out of the ordinary—an antagonism which has nothing to do with eason, or with the real value of the proposed legislation—is always to be met, when, to the mind of the average legislator, the measure brought forward is new. That is quite sufficient with some of our conservative brethren, to damn it beyond all hope of redemption, and to take from the enactment their interest and support, but, when to this conservative objection to new ideas is added the abhorrence of many individuals to everything relating even remotely to the tabooed subject of the sexual relation, the latent opposition is
Diagnosis and Treatment of Recurrent High-Grade Astrocytoma
Authors: Nicholas A. Butowski, Patricia K. Sneed, Susan M. Chang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

High-grade gliomas represent a significant source of cancer-related death, and usually recur despite treatment. In this analysis of current brain tumor medicine, we review diagnosis, standard treatment, and emerging therapies for recurrent astrocytomas. Difficulties in interpreting radiographic evidence, especially with regard to differentiating between tumor and necrosis, present a formidable challenge. The most accurate diagnoses come from tissue confirmation of recurrent tumor, but a combination of imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging, may also be relevant for diagnosis. Repeat resection can prolong life, but repeat irradiation of the brain poses serious risks and results in necrosis of healthy brain tissue; therefore, reirradiation is usually not offered to patients with recurrent tumors. We describe the use of conventional radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, brachytherapy, radiosurgery, and photodynamic therapy for recurrent high-grade glioma. The use of chemotherapy is limited by drug distribution and toxicity, but the development of new drug-delivery techniques such as convection-enhanced delivery, which delivers therapeutic molecules at an effective concentration directly to the brain, may provide a way to reduce systemic exposure to cytotoxic agents. We also discuss targeted therapies designed to inhibit aberrant cell-signaling pathways, as well as new experimental therapies such as immunotherapy. The treatment of this devastating disease has so far been met with limited success, but emerging knowledge of neuroscience and the development of novel therapeutic agents will likely give patients new options and require the neuro-oncology community to redefine clinical trial design and strategy continually.
PARTICIPATION IN INSTITUTIONAL TREATMENT BY SELECTED RELATIVES
Authors: FERNAND COTE, T. E. DANCEY, JEAN SAUCIER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

This paper demonstrates the value of a rather simple plan whereby a selected relative accompanies a patient to a private voluntary psychiatric hospital. The advantages are economic, educational, and, in some instances, therapeutic. The only significant disadvantages arise from the improper choice of the participating family member. Brief case reports are included.
Barriers to Colorectal Cancer Screening in Palestine: A National Study in a Medically Underserved Population
Authors: Bashar J. Qumseya, Yasin I. Tayem, Osama Y. Dasa, Khaled W. Nahhal, Ismael M. Abu–Limon, Ahmed M. Hmidat, Ahmed F. Al–Shareif, Murad K. Hamadneh, Douglas L. Riegert–Johnson, Michael B. Wallace
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Is histoscanning a valid tool to detect prostate cancer in repeat biopsy?
Authors: Robin Epplen, Julius van Essen, David J. K. P. Pfister, Daniel Porres, Axel Heidenreich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

57 Background: Histoscanning is a novel ultrasound-based software programme, which uses back-scattered ultrasound, to detect and visualize prostate carcinoma. It is not clear to date which additive information histoscanning will deliver terms of additive information to ultrasound guided transrectal biopsy as research is scarce.Therefore we aimed to analyze our data on repeat biopsy with histoscanning prior to intervention. Methods: From Sept. 2009 till present, 61 patients, mean age 62 yrs, that were scheduled for repeat biopsy received Histoscanning prior to intervention. Acquired data were retrospectively processed with Histoscanning software version 2.2 and prostate was divided into a 6 grid pattern. Lesions ≥0,5ml were considered positive. Biopsies were taken according to Vienna normogram and processed by an experienced uropathologist. Results: Mean number of biopsies prior to repeat was 2. Mean PSA at repeat biopsy was 7,135 ng/ml, mean prostate volume accounted for 45.5 ml. A total of 15/61 men were diagnosed with cancer (24,59%), Gleason Score (Gl.) of 6 n=10, n=2 Gl. 3+4=7, n=2 Gl. 4+4; n=2 Gl. 4+5=9 respectively. A total of 43/834=5.15% positive cores were obtained, averaging 0.7 per person. Mean Volume of Histoscanning lesions per scan: 1,48 ml; no statistical significance can be detected regarding the volume per sextant and a positive core. False positive rate was 90/366=24,6%; false negative rate was 19/366=5,2%. Overall sensitivity was 29,69%, specifity accounted for 73.3%. PPV was calculated at 8.16% and NPV at 92,88%. PSA had no influence on detection rate. Conclusions: In this highly seleted patient cohort Histoscanning had no beneficial nor additive information on detecting prostate cancer. Further research should has to be done regarding Histoscanning lesions with different histopathological features such as prostatitis and fibrosis.
Distance correction for precordial electrocardiographic voltage in estimating left ventricular mass: an echocardiographic study.
Authors: J D Horton, H S Sherber, E G Lakatta
Journal: Circulation (1977)

This study was undertaken to assess both the relation between echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular (LV) mass and commonly used electrocardiographic criteria for LV hypertrophy and the effect of the distance from the center of LV mass to the anterior chest wall on precordial voltage. Echocardiograms and standard 12-lead electrocardiograms were obtained on 100 persons, ages 3 to 79. The correlation coefficients of echocardiographically determined LV mass with ECG precordial voltage (SV1 + RV5 or V6), the Estes point score system, and a VL4 wave voltage were .686, .721, and .531, respectively. Extrapolating from the dipole nature of the heart, the precrodial voltage was multiplied by the square of the chest wall to mid-LV distance to correct for the loss of energy across the distance from LV to recording electrode. Utilizing this correction, a much improved precordial voltage estimation of LV mass (r = .846) was obtained. We conclude that the distance of the center of LV mass from the chest wall influences the amplitude of recorded precordial voltage and that correction for this influence improved the correlation of precordial voltage with LV mass.
The relationship of blood lead to systolic blood pressure in a longitudinal study of policemen.
Authors: S T Weiss, A Munoz, A Stein, D Sparrow, F E Speizer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

We examined the relationship of blood lead level to systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a longitudinal study of 89 Boston, MA, policemen. At the second examination blood lead level and blood pressure were measured in triplicate. Blood pressure measurements were taken in a similar fashion in years 3, 4, and 5. Multivariate analysis using a first-order autoregressive model revealed that after adjusting for previous systolic blood pressure, body mass index, age, and cigarette smoking, an elevated blood lead level was a significant predictor of subsequent systolic blood pressure. Bootstrap simulations of these models provided supporting evidence for the observed association. These data suggest that blood lead level can influence systolic blood pressure even within the normal range.
Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Secondary to Pyogenic Infection of the Forearm
Authors: Lester F. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1963)

AS JUDGED by the number of reports in the literature, the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome presently is rather popular<sup>1,2</sup>and is being made more frequently than in the past. Most of these reports deal with a chronic syndrome; indeed, a complete review of the English-language literature reveals that only three reports mention an acute carpal tunnel syndrome. One of these<sup>3</sup>only mentions it as a possibility, but does not give additional details. Two reports<sup>4, 5</sup>describe five cases, all secondary to an infectious process within the hand. We can find no evidence of a report of an acute case secondary to infection in the forearm and accordingly the following case is presented. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 10-yr-old female was admitted to the Tripler Army Hospital because of a pyogenic infection of the flexor surface of the left forearm secondary to a previous puncture wound and
Gastric, pancreatic, and biliary responses to meals in hyperthyroidism.
Authors: L J Miller, C Owyang, J R Malagelada, C A Gorman, V L Go
Journal: Gut (1980)

Upper gastrointestinal function in response to a mixed nutrient meal was evaluated in hyperthyroid patients, both before and after therapy, and in healthy controls. Gastric secretion, gastric emptying, and pancreatic secretion were all normal and normally integrated postprandially in the hyperthyroid patients. Bile acid output was reduced (P less than 0.05) in this group of patients relative to healthy controls. Duodenal bile acid concentrations, however, were above the critical micellar concentration in most of the hyperthyroid patients, and the bile acid output and concentration remained unchanged in all patients three months after treatment. After radioactive iodine therapy, when gastrointestinal symptoms were returning toward normal, a small but statistically significant increase in gastric secretion was observed. However, gastric emptying and pancreatic secretion, like biliary secretion, remained unchanged. Abnormalities responsible for the diarrhoea and steatorrhoea in hyperthyroidism appear to reside primarily distal to the duodenum. However, reduced bile acid output may be a contributory factor in some patients.
Risk of Asthmatic Episodes in Children Exposed to Sulfur Dioxide Stack Emissions from a Refinery Point Source in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Audrey Smargiassi, Tom Kosatsky, John Hicks, Céline Plante, Ben Armstrong, Paul J. Villeneuve, Sophie Goudreau
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Little is known about the respiratory effects of short-term exposures to petroleum refinery emissions in young children. This study is an extension of an ecologic study that found an increased rate of hospitalizations for respiratory conditions among children living near petroleum refineries in Montreal (Canada).
DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<b>Diagnostic Criteria From DSM-IV,</b>by the American Psychiatric Association, 358 pp, spiral-bound, $22.50, ISBN 0-89042-064-5, Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press Inc, 1994. <i>DSM-IV Sourcebook</i>, vol 1, edited by Thomas A. Widiger, Allen J. Frances, Harold Alan Pincus, Michael B. First, Ruth Ross, and Wendy Davis, 768 pp, $112.50, ISBN 0-89042-065-3, Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1994. <i>DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, fourth edition, was developed with a great deal of input from mental health professionals and professional organizations. In addition, there was a significant collaboration between the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and the World Health Organization, as it developed the tenth revision of the<i>International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10)</i>. As a result, DSM-IV is a great improvement over the third edition<i>(DSM-III)</i>and the third edition, revised<i>(DSM-III-R)</i>. The Task Force on<i>DSM-IV</i>and 13 work groups (each responsible for a section
Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Men Treated for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mark S. Litwin, Ron D. Hays, Arlene Fink, Patricia A. Ganz, Barbara Leake, Gary E. Leach, Robert H. Brook
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in men treated for clinically localized prostate cancer. <h3>Design.</h3> —A cross-sectional analysis of HRQOL after treatment with radical prostatectomy, pelvic irradiation, or observation alone for clinically localized prostatic adenocarcinoma, and in age-matched comparison patients. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A large managed care population in California. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —A total of 528 men, including 214 treated for clinically localized prostate cancer (41 with evidence of metastatic disease were excluded from this analysis) and 273 age-matched, ZIP code—matched comparison patients without prostate cancer. Cancer patients were analyzed in three treatment groups: radical prostatectomy (n=98), primary pelvic irradiation (n=56), and observation alone (n=60). <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —General HRQOL was measured with the RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0. Cancer-specific HRQOL was measured with the CAncer Rehabilitation Evaluation System—Short Form and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General form. Disease-targeted quality of life was measured with a new instrument assessing function and bother in three organ systems: sexual, urinary, and bowel. <h3>Results.</h3> —No differences among treatment groups were seen in comparisons of general HRQOL. Significant differences among treatment groups were seen in both function and bother in the prostate-targeted measures of sexual, urinary, and bowel domains. When cancer patients were compared with men of similar age without prostate cancer, differences were seen in the sexual, urinary, and bowel function and bother but not in general HRQOL measures. Although cancer-free men were found not to have full potency or continence, prostate cancer patients treated with surgery or radiation reported significantly worse sexual, urinary, and bowel function than men without cancer. Men who had undergone nerve-sparing prostatectomy did not differ from those who had undergone standard prostatectomy, but the power to detect a difference was low. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Although no differences were seen in general HRQOL, three disease-targeted domains were found to differ significantly among the treatment groups and comparison patients. Even after controlling for the sexual and urinary dysfunction experienced by older men without cancer, those receiving therapeutic interventions for their prostate cancer were found to have poorer disease-targeted HRQOL. We conclude that in addition to general HRQOL, disease-targeted measures must be used to assess outcomes of care in men treated for localized prostate cancer. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:129-135)
Up-regulation of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1: a possible novel mechanism of antiatherogenic activity of hydroxymethylglutaryl–coenzyme A reductase inhibitor
Authors: Jae Hoon Moon, Saet Byol Kang, Jong Suk Park, Byung Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Chul Woo Ahn, Hyun Chul Lee, Bong Soo Cha
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Cigarettes and the College Freshman
Authors: Dorothy F. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In January 1965 at the University of Illinois, Urbana, from information selected from the student data system and questionnaires, 102 variables were obtained on selected demographic, socioeconomic, attitudinal, and academic characteristics and the smoking habits of 3,567 freshmen enrolled in Rhetoric 101. The difference between smokers and nonsmokers was significant at the 0.001 level of probability for the following variables: freshman approval of teenage smoking, academic achievement, organization membership and use of leisure time, belief that lung cancer was more likely to develop in smokers than in nonsmokers, smoking habits of parents, place of residence when in high school, smoking habits of campus roommates, and belief that teenage smoking is a public health problem. Sixty percent of the freshmen did not smoke, and 43% of those who smoked wished to discontinue.
It is right to publicise recent advances in the media
Authors: G D Angelini, P Wilde
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for toxoplasmosis proved as sensitive as the dye test and indirect haemagglutination (IHA). The reproducibility of end-point titres was better than that of the extinction values obtained from a single serum dilution. In a comparison of 152 sera, ELISA was found to correlate better with IHA than with the dye test. The use of ELISA for routine serology and population screening is discussed.