tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Press: Doctors under fire
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2002)

How can they answer back?

When a doctor is in the news, it is usually a story of alleged professional negligence or misconduct. All that human interest and drama, combined with the inevitable fall from grace, make for good copy.

A crude trawl of press coverage in November last year revealed a different story of doctors reportedly bungling, blundering, or groping their way through headlines for almost every day of the month. The Medical Defence Union (MDU) now receives more than six inquiries a week to its media advisory unit, up from the same number a month in 1993.

   ![][1] 

(Credit: PA PHOTO)

Press Complaints Commission chairman Lord Wakeham (left) and Society of Editors director Bob Satchwell display the code of conduct: should it be amended to protect doctors?

While a recent BMJ study of three national newspapers found that the proportion of negative doctor stories had not changed in 20 years, it also found that coverage of health had more than tripled, producing an absolute increase in unfavourable column inches for doctors (bmj.com/cgi/content/full/323/7316/782).

As doctors …

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Abstract 84: Functional evaluation of synchronous inactivation of PTEN and P53 in a murine model of prostate cancer
Authors: Hirotsugu Uemura, Yurie Kura, Naomi Ando, Emiko Fukushima, Yuji Hatanaka, Yutaka Yamamoto, Nobutaka Shimizu, Kazuhiro Yoshimura, Masahiro Nozawa, Kazuhiro Yoshikawa, Kazuto Nishio, Marco A. De Velasco
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The prostate-specific PTEN conditional knockout (K/O) mouse model has been extremely useful as tool to investigate the biology of the tumorigenesis process, particularly during early tumor development. However, cancer progression is gradual with a low metastatic rate. This feature poses a challenge to this model when used for survival studies and end-stage biological characterization of prostate cancer. Inactivation of P53 is a characteristic that is frequent in advanced prostate cancer. To address this issue, we generated series of double K/O mice based on either P53 loss or gain of function in combination with PTEN inactivation. Conditional inactivation of both PTEN and P53 results in the development of aggressive tumors compared to PTEN K/O mice. Homozygous PTEN/P53-mutants mice grow prostate tumors at a faster rate and experience dramatically reduced survival. Homozygous double K/O mice also developed a higher frequency and number of metastases. Furthermore, haploinsufficient P53 gain of function mutations contributed to an invasive cancer phenotype compared to P53 loss of function haploinsufficient tumors. In conclusion, our analyses demonstrate that synchronous inactivation of PTEN and P53 promotes an aggressive prostate cancer and provides rationale that supports that use of such models is better suited for studies requiring long-term survival and end-stage cancer characterization. Citation Format: Hirotsugu Uemura, Yurie Kura, Naomi Ando, Emiko Fukushima, Yuji Hatanaka, Yutaka Yamamoto, Nobutaka Shimizu, Kazuhiro Yoshimura, Masahiro Nozawa, Kazuhiro Yoshikawa, Kazuto Nishio, Marco A. De Velasco. Functional evaluation of synchronous inactivation of PTEN and P53 in a murine model of prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 84. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-84
Biologic significance of GATA-1 activities in Ras-mediated megakaryocytic differentiation of hematopoietic cell lines
Authors: Itaru Matsumura, Akira Kawasaki, Hirokazu Tanaka, Junko Sonoyama, Sachiko Ezoe, Naoko Minegishi, Koichi Nakajima, Masayuki Yamamoto, Yuzuru Kanakura
Journal: Blood (2000)
Abstract P150: Association of Non-Framingham Stroke Risk Factors With Incident Stroke Among Individuals With and Without Diabetes
Authors: John N Booth, Samantha Bromfield, April P Carson, Suzanne E Judd, George Howard, Brett M Kissela, Monika M Safford, Paul Muntner
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Diabetes is a pro-inflammatory state characterized by a high burden of non-traditional risk factors not included in the Framingham stroke risk equation. We assessed the association between factors absent from the Framingham stroke risk equation with incident stroke among individuals with and without diabetes, separately, using the US population-based REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study. Diabetes was defined by self-report with concurrent insulin or oral hypoglycemic medication use, fasting serum glucose ≥126 mg/dL or non-fasting serum glucose ≥200 mg/dL. Non-Framingham risk factors included high sensitivity c-reactive protein &gt;3.0 mg/dL, low high-density-lipoprotein (HDL-C; men: &lt;40 mg/dL, women: &lt;50 mg/dL), triglycerides &gt;150 mg/dL, abdominal obesity (waist circumference: men &gt;102 cm, women &gt;88 cm), urinary albumin-to-creatinine-ratio (ACR) &gt;30 mg/dL, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . Bi-annual telephone contacts were used to identify incident stroke events that were subsequently adjudicated. During a median follow-up of 5.9 years, there were 329 and 697 incident strokes among individuals with (n = 6,258) and without (n = 22,226) diabetes, respectively. For individuals with and without diabetes, the prevalence of ≥3 non-Framingham risk factors was 50.4% and 23.9%, respectively. C-reactive protein &gt;3.0 mg/dL and eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 were associated with stroke among individuals with but not those without diabetes (Figure 1). In addition, ACR &gt;30 mg/dL had a stronger association with stroke among individuals with versus without diabetes [HR (95% CI), 2.08 (1.65[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8211;]]2.63) versus 1.36 (1.12[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8211;]]1.66), respectively; p-interaction=0.04]. Low HDL-C, triglycerides &gt;150 mg/dL and abdominal obesity were not associated with stroke among individuals with or without diabetes. In conclusion, non-Framingham stroke risk factors are common and associated with increased stroke risk among individuals with diabetes.
Abstract P337: The Metabolic Syndrome and Subclinical Atherosclerosis:The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
Authors: Julius O Asubonteng, Jessica White, Rebecca Thurston, Suresh Mulukutla, Stephen Wisniewski, Emma Barinas-Mitchell, Faith Selzer
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objective: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and subclinical CVD measures are associated with a higher risk of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Furthermore, individuals with MetS have a greater burden of subclinical CVD, such as the presence of carotid plaque (CP) and larger adventitial diameter (AD). Midlife women proceeding through the menopausal transition are vulnerable to developing MetS and are also at greater risk of CVD, a risk that varies by race/ethnicity. We hypothesized that there are racial/ethnic differences in the association between MetS and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods: Participants from 6 sites of the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) were analyzed if they were free of clinical CVD and had measures of CP and AD at the 12th annual visit. Women were identified as having MetS if they met the criteria defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship of MetS with CP and AD overall and separately within each race/ethnicity group. Study site, age, height, LDL-C, smoking status, menopausal status, hormone use, and education level were included as covariates. Further analysis adjusted for inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. Results: The 1454 women were, on average, 59.6 years old 43.5% had evidence of MetS, and 85.8% were postmenopausal. The race/ethnicity breakdown was 51.1% White, 30.3% Black, 12.7% Chinese, and 5.8% Hispanic. Overall, MetS was associated with the presence of CP and higher AD after adjusting for covariates (OR (95%): 1.65 (1.31, 2.08); β (SE): 0.344(0.035) mm, p&lt; .0001, respectively). In race-specific models, MetS was significantly associated with AD in White, Black, Hispanic, and Chinese participants, adjusting for covariates (β (SE): 0.305 (0.043) p&lt;.0001; 0.401(0.077) p&lt;.0001; 0.466 (0.147) p= 0.0023; 0.291 (0.098) p = 0.0035; respectively). MetS was significantly associated with CP in White participants only (OR (95%): 1.89 (1.39, 2.57)). When high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and insulin resistance were included in the model, MetS remained significantly associated with AD in Black (0.327(0.86), p = 0.0002) and White (0.212(0.051) p&lt;.0001) participants, and MetS remained significantly associated with CP in Whites participants (1.55 (1.08, 2.23)). Conclusion: MetS is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, and the association varies by race/ethnicity in midlife women. This variation may help explain differences in incidence rates of CVD events between racial/ethnic groups.
Plastic surgery rockets as baby boomers search for youth and beauty
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Plastic surgery and other cosmetic procedures grew substantially in popularity over the past decade, with liposuction topping the list of most popular cosmetic procedures in the United States, stated a new report from the American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery.

More than 670 000 liposuction procedures were performed in the year 2000, a rise of 12% on 1999 and an almost 10-fold increase on 1990. The next most popular procedures were eyelid surgery …
A ROENTGEN STUDY OF CAVITIES IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CAVITY CHANGES UNDER COLLAPSE AND NON-COLLAPSE MEASURES
Authors: R. C. Edson, A. L. Starkey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1941)

Article1 October 1941A ROENTGEN STUDY OF CAVITIES IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CAVITY CHANGES UNDER COLLAPSE AND NON-COLLAPSE MEASURESR. C. EDSON, M.D., A. L. STARKEY, M.D.R. C. EDSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. L. STARKEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-15-4-716 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFrequently, the clinician's estimate of results over a period of years is at wide variance with actual results as tabulated by a definite statistical study of the same material. While mathematical calculations can never be applied specifically to any individual case in medicine, nevertheless, results of the past should be used as a rough guide in determining relative values for present decisions and prognostications. In an effort to aid in the evaluation of therapeutic results in cavernous tuberculosis, a study based on the interpretation of chest roentgenograms was initiated. The paper has been limited primarily to individual cavity changes and,...Reference1. SALKINCADDEN DAV: Rest and collapse in pulmonary tuberculosis, Read before the American Society for Thoracic Surgeons in June, 1940. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hopemont, West Virginia*Received for publication December 6, 1940.From the Hopemont Sanitarium and The West Virginia University School of Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1941Volume 15, Issue 4Page: 716-726KeywordsThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1941 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4070: Functional differences of actinin isoforms in the formation of invadopodia by invasive cancer cells
Authors: Yuumi Ito, Hideki Yamaguchi, Kiyoko Fukami, Kazufumi Honda, Nami Miura, Tesshi Yamada, Ryuichi Sakai
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Invadopodia are ventral membrane protrusions that are formed by invasive cancer cells cultured on physiological substrates. They are actin-based structures and promote the degradation of the extracellular matrix by focally localizing matrix metalloproteinases. Accumulating evidence suggests that invadopodia play an important role in local invasion and distant metastasis of malignant tumors. Actinin is an actin-binding protein that forms dimers and crosslinks actin filaments. There are four isoforms of actinin in mammals and they are divided into the muscle type (actinin-2 and -3) and the non-muscle type (actinin-1 and -4). Actinin-1 is ubiquitously expressed and involved in the formation of focal adhesions, while actinin-4 is strongly expressed at the invading front of advanced cancers and its expression is correlated with poor prognosis. Although actinin-4 is thought to regulate cell motility and invasion, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, functional differences between the two isoforms have yet to be fully defined. In this study, we studied the roles of and functional differences between actinin-1 and -4 in invadopodia formation to determine the impact of actinin-4 expression on cancer cells. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that both actinin-1 and -4 clearly localized at invadopodia in RPMI-7951 human melanoma cells and there was no obvious difference in their localization patterns. Likewise, invadopodia formation and degradation of fluorescent gelatin matrix were blocked by siRNA-mediated knockdown of either actinin-1 or -4. In contrast, only actinin-4, but not actinin-1, promoted invadopodia-mediated gelatin degradation activity when overexpressed in RPMI7951 cells. Similar results were obtained when MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and SCC61 human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells were analyzed in the same manner. These results indicate that both actinin-1 and -4 are essential components of invadopodia, but only actinin-4 possesses an ability to promote invadopodia formation. Therefore, further analysis is conducted now to identify the unique functions actinin-4 in invadopodia formation. Citation Format: Yuumi Ito, Hideki Yamaguchi, Kiyoko Fukami, Kazufumi Honda, Nami Miura, Tesshi Yamada, Ryuichi Sakai. Functional differences of actinin isoforms in the formation of invadopodia by invasive cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4070. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4070
Diagnostic yield of transthoracic lung biopsy guided by CT in diffuse lung disease
Authors: Manuel Vaz, António Morais, Natália Melo, Conceição Souto Moura, José Pereira, Patricia Mota
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Diffuse Lung Diseases (DLD)encloses a large and heterogeneous group of diseases, which diagnosis is based on a multidisciplinary approach that sometimes requires histology. Transthoracic Lung biopsy (TTLB)guided by CT have been scantily used in this context and its actual diagnostic value is unknown.Objective: Analysis of the diagnostic yield and complications of TTLB guided by CT and its relevance in the multidisciplinary diagnostic approach of DLD.Methods: Retrospective review of 56 patients clinical files with DLD, who were submitted to TTLB guided by CT between January 2009 and November 2011. Trucut18-20Gauge needles, percutaneous anesthesia and multislice CT Siemens Somatom were used.Results: The patients included had an average age of 58.4 years and 32(57%) were male. Diffuse micronodular was the most frequent CT pattern observed in 41.1% patients, consolidation in 25%, ground glass in 14.3%, reticular in 14.3% and cysts in 5.3%. Biopsy confirmed preliminary diagnostic hypothesis in 27(48.2%) patients and in 13(23.2%) histological features observed guided to another diagnosis, leading to a diagnostic sensitivity of 71,4%(40/56 patients). In 16(28.6%) patients this procedure was not conclusive. Diffuse micronodular and consolidation were the higher diagnostic yield patterns. 11 patients had complications, 7 pneumothorax and 4 non-massive hemoptysis. Organizing pneumonia (35%), sarcoidosis (12%) and silicosis (10%) were the most frequent diagnosis.Conclusions: In this series of patients TTLB guided by CT was safe, quick and with high diagnostic accuracy, suggesting that should be considered as one of diagnostic methods in the context of the DLD when histology is required.
Abstract 5066: The Treatment Effect of Perindopril is Consistent in All Patients with Vascular Disease or High Risk of Vascular Disease: A Combined Analysis of Three Perindopril Trials
Authors: Jasper J Brugts, Eric Boersma, Jaap W Deckers, Willem Remme, Michel Bertrand, Kim Fox, Roberto Ferrari, Maarten L Simoons
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The beneficial effect of the ACE-inhibitor perindopril has been demonstrated in large placebo-controlled clinical trials consisting of patients with stable CAD without overt heart failure (EUROPA), history of stroke (PROGRESS) and diabetes mellitus (ADVANCE). EUROPA investigated the effect of perindopril 8 mg during a mean follow-up of 4.2 years. PROGRESS investigated a perindopril 4mg/indapamide regimen during 4 years of follow-up and ADVANCE studied a perindopril 4 mg/indapamide regimen during 4.3 years of follow-up. In the three trials, mean blood pressure reduction was respectively, 5/2 mmHg, 9/4 mmHg and 6/2 mmHg. In all three trials, perindopril significantly reduced major cardiovascular events independent of baseline blood pressure levels. For this meta-analysis, we analyzed the treatment effect of the three trials combined on the shared endpoints of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality &amp; MI. Table 1 shows an analysis of three perindopril trials (EUROPA, PROGRESS and ADVANCE). When these findings were combined (n=29493), perindopril significantly reduced all-cause mortality (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82– 0.97), and cardiovascular mortality, MI (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74 – 0.90). This combined analysis shows that perindopril reduced cardiovascular events by 11–18% irrespective of risk level or the type of patients, which is in line with prior meta-analyses and risk models. This treatment benefit by perindopril is consistent among all patients with vascular disease or high risk of vascular disease. The treatment benefit by perindopril among patients with vascular disease or high-risk vascular disease.
Psychosocial Aspects of HIV Treatment—Reply
Authors: Scott M. Hammer
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sir Thomas Lewis: Pioneer Cardiologist and Clinical Scientist, by Arthur Hollman
Authors: G. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Arthur Hollman Springer, £39.50, pp 300 ISBN 3 540 76049 0

The direction and style of this book are outlined by Dr Hollman in the preface: “In some quarters there is now a strong tendency to play down the personal contributions of individuals and to emphasise instead the general events of their lifetime. In other words to demonstrate the importance of what is called social history. But I have not felt the urge to join this movement.”

Encouraged by this, I set aside my lack of enthusiasm for medical history but first I had to overcome an important hurdle–the book's layout reminded me of those 1950s textbooks with relatively small print and text-heavy pages that …
Are ultrafine particle inhalers, better for patients with small airway involvement?
Authors: Bilun Gemicioglu, Gulden Pasaoglu Karakis, Berna Duman, Melahat Uygun
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The airway inflammation extends to the small airways in many asthmatic patients. For this purpose, the results of randomized treatments of patients with newly diagnosed asthma, were retrospectively evaluated to demonstrate that the usage of ultrafine particle inhalers are better for patients with small airway involvement.  Results of pulmonary function tests (PFT) and ACT (asthma control test) before and after 3 months of treatment for 45 newly diagnosed asthma patients on inhaler therapy started randomly according to GINA guidelines were reviewed retrospectively. 23 cases selected as small airway involvement according their 1-FEV3/FVC value of 10% or more. They were divided into 2 groups according to their usage of ultrafine particles (ciclesonide or beclomethasone + formoterol) (n= 15) or dry powder inhaler (budesonide or budesonide + formoterol) (n= 8). PFT and ACT9s of groups at baseline and after 3 months were compared.  The average age of 23 patients with small airway involvement is 42.6. 15 of them are females (65.2%). FEV1 at 3 months of the cases with ultrafine particles were better improved compared with those used dry power inhalers (p=0.017). But ACT was not significantly changed between the groups (respectively, 22.79, 22.85) (p>0,05).  Beginning the inhaled therapy with ultrafine particles according to 1-FEV3/FVC value of 10% or more in patients with newly diagnosed asthma resulted in statistically significant improvement of FEV1 in short time period. We suggest that the small airway involvement must be investigated before giving inhaled therapy.
Jennifer Colman sues the GMC for pound5.2m
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The General Medical Council has been given a three week extension to file a defence to a £5.2m ($8.2m; €8.1m) lawsuit made against it by a member for alleged negligence and breach of statutory duty.

The claim has been launched at the High Court by Dr Jennifer Colman, who was elected to the council in 2000.

Dr Colman, 58, claims she has been prevented from sitting on committees and subjected to a whispering campaign since she told the Charity Commission last year that fellow members had fiddled expenses.

Some members, she alleged, had …