tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Andrew S. Levey, Sharon P. Andreoli, Thomas DuBose, Robert Provenzano, Allan J. Collins
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Thursday, March 8, 2007, is World Kidney Day! World Kidney Day was proposed by the International Society of Nephrology and International Federation of Kidney Foundations in 2006 to broadcast a message about kidney diseases to the public, government health officials, general physicians, allied health
Phase I Studies of Hypericin, the Active Compound in St. John's Wort, as an Antiretroviral Agent in HIV-Infected Adults: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocols 150 and 258
Authors: Roy M. Gulick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Hypericin, the active compound in St. John's Wort, has antiretroviral activity in vitro. Many HIV-infected persons use St. John's wort. Objective: To evaluate the safety and antiretroviral activity of hypericin in HIV-infected patients. Design: Phase I study. Setting: Four clinical research units. Patients: 30 HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts less than 350 cells/mm3. Intervention: Intravenous hypericin, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg of body weight twice weekly or 0.25 mg/kg three times weekly, or oral hypericin, 0.5 mg/kg daily. Measurements: Safety was assessed at weekly visits. Antiretroviral activity was assessed by changes in HIV p24 antigen level, HIV titer, HIV RNA copies, and CD4 cell counts. Results: Of the 30 patients who were enrolled, 16 discontinued treatment early because of toxic effects. Severe cutaneous phototoxicity was observed in 11 of 23 (48% [95% CI, 27% to 69%]) evaluable patients, and dose escalation could not be completed. Virologic markers and CD4 cell count did not significantly change. Conclusions: Hypericin caused significant phototoxicity and had no antiretroviral activity in the limited number of patients studied.
Detection of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in the preclinical phase: population based cohort study
Authors: Katie Palmer, Lars Bäckman, Bengt Winblad, Laura Fratiglioni
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate a simple three step procedure to identify people in the general population who are in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer9s disease and dementia. <b>Design:</b> Three year population based cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> Kungsholmen cohort, Stockholm, Sweden. <b>Participants:</b> 1435 people aged 75–95 years without dementia. <b>Assessments:</b> Single question asking about memory complaints, assessment by mini-mental state examination, and neuropsychological testing. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Alzheimer9s disease and dementia at three year follow up. <b>Results:</b> None of the three instruments was sufficiently predictive of Alzheimer9s disease and dementia when administered separately. After participants had been screened for memory complaints and global cognitive impairment, specific tests of word recall and verbal fluency had positive predictive values for dementia of 85-100% (95% confidence intervals range from 62% to 100%). However, only 18% of future dementia cases were identified in the preclinical phase by this three step procedure. Memory complaints were the most sensitive indicator of Alzheimer9s disease and dementia in the whole population, but only half the future dementia cases reported memory problems three years before diagnosis. <b>Conclusion:</b> This three step procedure, which simulates what might occur in clinical practice, has a high positive predictive value for dementia, although only a small number of future cases can be identified. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Alzheimer9s disease is characterised by a preclinical phase, during which cognitive deficits are seen before diagnosis Elderly people with subjective memory complaints and objective global cognitive impairment have a high risk of developing Alzheimer9s disease and dementia <h3>What this study adds</h3> This three step procedure (self report of memory complaints, test of global cognitive functioning, and then domain specific cognitive tests) has a positive predictivity of 85-100% for Alzheimer9s disease and dementia at three years However, only 18% of people in the preclinical phase can be identified using this procedure About half of the people in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer9s disease and dementia do not report problems with their memory three years before diagnosis
IMPROVED HODGEN'S WIRE SUSPENSION SPLINT
Authors: W. W. Nauth
Journal: JAMA (1924)

This splint was devised to facilitate the more or less daily adjustments necessary in this kind of apparatus. In the regular Hodgen's splint, the adjustments of the swathes on which the leg is suspended is accomplished with safety pins. The improvement consists of a row of pins, placed about three-fourths inch apart, along the edge of and on each side of the entire splint, set at an angle to insure holding the swathes under tension. Ordinary phonograph needles are used for the pins. The holes are drilled a fraction larger than the needles, and to a depth of about one-fourth inch. The needles are dropped into the holes, and the soft steel is set round them by a sharp edged tool; they are fastened securely. To prevent tearing and scratching of the physicians and attendants, channels are made by a tinsmith, one-half by one-half inch, and as long as practical,
Die Indikation zur hypnosuggestiven Schmerzbehandlung in der Nervenheilkunde und Psychiatrie
Authors: I. Horvai
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1966)

Research Articles| February 12 2010 Die Indikation zur hypnosuggestiven Schmerzbehandlung in der Nervenheilkunde und Psychiatrie Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology I. Horvai I. Horvai Prag Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1966) 14 (5-6): 468–470. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285874 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation I. Horvai; Die Indikation zur hypnosuggestiven Schmerzbehandlung in der Nervenheilkunde und Psychiatrie. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1966; 14 (5-6): 468–470. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285874 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1966Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Vanishing Pancreatic Calcifications A Nonspecific Finding in Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Mark Donowitz
Journal: JAMA (1974)

PANCREATIC calcifications, an accepted marker of chronic pancreatic inflammation, are most often associated with high intake of ethanol in this country and with protein malnutrition in India and the African countries. A decrease in the size of these calcifications or their disappearance has rarely been described.<sup>1</sup>In the case described, change in pancreatic calcifications was related to the development of a pancreatic pseudocyst, and not to neoplasm as is sometimes thought. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 48-year-old, black alcoholic man first developed acute pancreatitis in May 1961. On admission, amylase level was 572 Somogyi units/100 ml (normal, less than 200), and lipase level was 6.8 Cherry-Crandall units/ml (normal, less than 1.5); levels of calcium, phosphorus, and fasting blood glucose were normal. A flat plate roentgenogram of the abdomen showed multiple calcific densities adjacent to the L1-2 intervertebral space, a finding consistent with chronic pancreatitis. An oral cholecystogram was normal.
Open access: the evidence and the verdict
Authors: S. Harnad
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Ezzati et al. (May 2006 JRSM 1 ) misplace their confidence by a wide margin in claiming to have reached the first 'unbiased' estimates of state and national levels and trends of obesity in the USA.To do so, they claim to have calculated rates of self-reporting biases using data from the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys of the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention, which were assumed to be representative of the USA population on the basis of the original sampling design.In reality the assumption is questionable, the response rates being about 80% for NHANES and 45% for BRFSS.If nothing else, such a discrepancy sets a distance between what the two surveys may represent, also considering that the surveys represent different samples.In a crucial decision, Ezzati et al. excluded subjects who did not participate in both surveys-an exclusion that inevitably invalidates any claim that the bias estimates reached could be representative of the USA population or of individual state populations.Such elementary flaws lead to ask how scarce resources could be approved for such a wanting study design.
Effect of Penicillin Therapy on Occurrence of Second Attacks in Scarlet Fever
Authors: E. Jansson, E. Klemola
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Scarlet fever has been regarded as a good example of an infection which bestows a fairly permanent immunity, so that before the use of antibiotics second attacks of the disease were uncommon.Thuresson (1942), for example, over an observation penrod of five and a half years, recorded secondary attacks in 1.5-2.1 %, while Strom (1954) gave rates of 0.7-1.2%over a period of nine and a half years.Such figures, it should be noted,
A New Look at Typhoid Vaccination
Authors: Bradley A. Woodruff
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Most cases of typhoid fever in the United States occur in international travelers, with the greatest risk associated with travel to Peru, India, Pakistan, and Chile. Laboratory workers and household contacts of long-term carriers are also at greater risk than the general population. Decisions to the use typhoid vaccine involve weighing the risk of illness against the risk of vaccine reactions. Until recently, the only typhoid vaccine commercially available to US civilians was a heat-phenol—inactivated parenteral product that is 51% to 77% effective in preventing typhoid fever but frequently produces local pain and swelling, fever, headache, and malaise. A new orally administered, live-attenuated vaccine, made from the Ty21 a strain of<i>Salmonella typhi</i>, has been recently licensed in the United States. This vaccine provides equivalent protection with a much lower incidence of adverse reactions. It is administered in a four-dose series given over 7 days. Since neither vaccine offers total protection, the most important elements in prevention of typhoid fever remain sound biosafety precautions in laboratory workers and care in selecting food and beverages by those traveling to areas where typhoid fever is endemic. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:756-759)
Familial Aspects of Idiopathic Hemochromatosis
Authors: George B. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

WHETHERor not idiopathic hemochromatosis is a genetically determined disease is still controversial. Because of the clinically proved fact<sup>1-4</sup>that phlebotomy therapy certainly ameliorates and possibly permanently reverses the natural course of idiopathic hemochromatosis, we have undertaken a study of 1 family with 2 biopsy-proved instances of hemochromatosis. It is often difficult to ascertain from the literature the actual size of those families purported to have more than one member afflicted with hemochromatosis. Hence, in this family, we expanded our study to include virtually every living relative over the age of 5 years. In his excellent monograph Sheldon<sup>5</sup>(p. 339) stated, "The view advanced as the most reasonable explanation of hemochromatosis is that it should be classed as an inborn error of metabolism, which has an overwhelming incidence in males, and which at times actually has a familial incidence." He cited in his review 7 instances of hemochromatosis
SMS 2.0: An Updated Database to Study the Structural Plasticity of Short Peptide Fragments in Non-Redundant Proteins
Authors: Dheeraj Ravella, Muthukumarasamy Uthaya Kumar, Durairaj Sherlin, Mani Shankar, Marthandan Kirti Vaishnavi, Kanagaraj Sekar
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

The function of a protein molecule is greatly influenced by its three-dimensional (3D) structure and therefore structure prediction will help identify its biological function. We have updated Sequence, Motif and Structure (SMS), the database of structurally rigid peptide fragments, by combining amino acid sequences and the corresponding 3D atomic coordinates of non-redundant (25%) and redundant (90%) protein chains available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). SMS 2.0 provides information pertaining to the peptide fragments of length 5-14 residues. The entire dataset is divided into three categories, namely, same sequence motifs having similar, intermediate or dissimilar 3D structures. Further, options are provided to facilitate structural superposition using the program structural alignment of multiple proteins (STAMP) and the popular JAVA plug-in (Jmol) is deployed for visualization. In addition, functionalities are provided to search for the occurrences of the sequence motifs in other structural and sequence databases like PDB, Genome Database (GDB), Protein Information Resource (PIR) and Swiss-Prot. The updated database along with the search engine is available over the World Wide Web through the following URL http://cluster.physics.iisc.ernet.in/sms/.
Randomized study of aprotinin and DDAVP to reduce postoperative bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
Authors: E Rocha, F Hidalgo, R Llorens, J M Melero, J L Arroyo, J A Páramo
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Patients on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have an increased susceptibility to postoperative bleeding. Previous reports using desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) for the prevention of postoperative bleeding have given contradictory results, whereas the protease inhibitor aprotinin has been shown to reduce blood loss after this type of surgery. This randomized study was performed to assess the efficacy of DDAVP versus aprotinin in the prevention of bleeding after CPB.One hundred nine of 122 eligible patients were randomized to four different groups: Group A (n = 28) received aprotinin starting with a bolus of 2 x 10(6) KIU followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5 x 10(6) KIU/h until the end of surgery; group B (n = 25) received of DDAVP 0.3 micrograms/kg i.v. on completion of CPB; group C (n = 28) received two doses of DDAVP, the first as in group B and an additional dose 6 hours after surgery; group D (n = 28) received no treatment. There was a marked reduction of postoperative blood loss either at 12 hours (P < .01) or 72 hours (P < .02) in the aprotinin group compared with all other groups, whereas no significant effect was observed in either of the two DDAVP regimens. A significant reduction in the amount of blood used was observed only in the aprotinin group (P < .01). Of the plasma fibrinolytic components assayed, there was a significant reduction of the fibrin degradation product generation in the aprotinin group (P < .001), whereas a significant systemic hyperfibrinolysis was observed in both DDAVP-treated groups and the control group. No side effects related to the study drugs were observed in any patient.Aprotinin inhibited fibrinolysis; this correlated with a significant reduction of postoperative blood loss and need for blood replacement after CPB. Neither one nor two doses of DDAVP had a beneficial effect. Aprotinin offers a better alternative than DDAVP in the prevention of bleeding after CPB.
THE ALVEOLAR PORES OF PNEUMONIA
Authors: William Snow Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Evidence is seen in Fig. 1 that the alveoli are lined with a continuous epithelium. In Fig. 2 there has been extensive shedding of the epithelium and broad sheets of fibrin are attached to the alveolar wall. On the right the exudate has escaped from both sides of the alveolar wall and the network of fibrin has begun to appear beneath the epithelium on its upper side. Owing, however, to the fact that the epithelium is still intact, though slightly raised from the surface, no pore has been formed. In Fig. 3 the exudate has found its exit from a very definite point and has been converted into fibrin which radiates into the alveolus. No pore has resulted because the epithelium on the opposite side of the alveolus is still intact. In Fig. 4 the epithelium has been pushed off from diametrically opposite sides of the alveolar wall and a pore has been formed with a thread of fibrin passing from one alveolus to an adjoining alveolus. Pores are as numerous in edema due to mitral stenosis with in sufficiency of the valves as in pneumonia, but there are no threads of fibrin to direct attention to them. This study confirms my previously expressed opinion-pores are not normal, preformed openings.
THE URINARY EXCRETION OF IODINE. I. THE LOSS OF IODINE IN THE URINE FOLLOWING THYROIDECTOMY
Authors: George M. Curtis, Francis J. Phillips
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1934)

24 hours beginning with date indicated.Laboratory investigation revealed a normal urine, negative Wassermann and Kahn reactions, a normal blood picture and a normal electrocardiogram.The blood iodine on entrance was 16.9 gamma per cent.The blood calcium was 8.2 and the blood phosphorus was 3.4 mgm.per cent.There were no other sig- nificant findings.She was prepared for thyroidectomy by rest alone.No iodine was used or administered throughout the entire management.The daily twenty-four hour excretion of iodine in the urine is presented in Table I.This ranged between 36 and 65 gamma daily, save on two occasions.During early menstruation the daily loss was increased to 108 and 112 gamma.Previous to the thyroidectomy there also occurred an increased output, 133 and 141 gamma.The blood iodine
Hormone Use to Change Normal Physiology — Is the Risk Worth It?
Authors: Donald M. Small
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

In the present issue of the Journal, Bennion et al. show that the bile of women taking birth control pills is considerably more saturated with cholesterol than that of other women. The mean level of cholesterol saturation was 92 per cent in women off the pill and 125 per cent in women on the pill. Twenty out of 22 women showed the effect. It has been established that the higher the cholesterol saturation among patients without gallstones, the greater the prevalence of gallstones in the population from which the patients were chosen.1 For instance, the Masai of East Africa . . .
III. THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF COLLOIDAL SILVER AND HIGHLY FILTERED ROENTGEN RADIATION UPON THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM IN DOGS
Authors: Samuel S. Shouse, Stafford L. Warren
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. The individual destructive effects of colloidal silver and heavily filtered radiation are still evident when the two are used together. 2. The combined effects are cumulative in that small doses are more destructive than when either is used alone. 3. The leucocytosis resulting from the injection of the colloidal silver affords no protection against the terminal leucopenia following the radiation.
HEREDITY IN DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: Introduction to a Discussion on Heredity at the Royal Society of Medicine
Authors: W. Gowers
Journal: BMJ (1908)

tT5 Is4rThese all appeared suddenly, practically in the state we now see them.If Weismann's theory be true, we shall have to modify qour opinions of the rate at which evolution of species has occurred.Darwin taught that animals and plants have a 'tendency to vary from the parental type, and that by -natural selection the advantageous varieties are preserved and those less fitted for the environment are destroyed, and that new species have resulted from the gradual and -slow accumulation of minute variations.They have -evolved, as it were, on an inclined plane by a sort of -continuous process.A more recent theory, associated especially with the mame of De Vries, is that variation has not been con- tinuous, but discontinuous, not along an inclined plane, but by steps, that new forms, completely and sharply <separated from the parent species, have frequently if not -generally come into existence."The new species is all at once there" without transitional forms.This is known as " the mutation theory."According to De Vries there are two kinds of variation:1. " Fluctuating variation," such as we are familiar with in all animals and plants.These cannot overstep the bounds of the species, and cannot therefore give rise to mew species or any new constant character, for they are ;always indefinite.2. " Mutation " is a perfectly definite change, which may -or may not be as marked as a fluctuating variation, but it is constiunt, and tends to be repeated in succeeding genera- -tioxls.It produces new species, and is of germinal origin.The product of fluctuating'variations, being of somatic -origin, can only be kept at the highest point of develop- ment by the most rigiP care.If selection ceases for only .afew generations, the new form sinks back to the original level, as is well exemplified in the various breeds of ,pigeons.According to Darwin's selection theory, only useful cha- wacters can survive; according to the mutation theory, uiseless characters may do se also, and even those, that xmay be hurtful in a small degree, and surely this is in -accord with well-known facts.There are several stumbling-blocks in the way of the theory of natural selection acting on variation as the sole means by which species have originated.I need only