tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intensity of Continuous Renal-Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Rinaldo Bellomo, Alan Cass, Louise Cole, Simon Finfer, Martin Gallagher, Serigne Lo, Colin McArthur, Shay McGuinness, John Myburgh, Robyn Norton, Carlos Scheinkestel, Steve Su
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The optimal intensity of continuous renal-replacement therapy remains unclear. We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial to compare the effect of this therapy, delivered at two different levels of intensity, on 90-day mortality among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.We randomly assigned critically ill adults with acute kidney injury to continuous renal-replacement therapy in the form of postdilution continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration with an effluent flow of either 40 ml per kilogram of body weight per hour (higher intensity) or 25 ml per kilogram per hour (lower intensity). The primary outcome measure was death within 90 days after randomization.Of the 1508 enrolled patients, 747 were randomly assigned to higher-intensity therapy, and 761 to lower-intensity therapy with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. Data on primary outcomes were available for 1464 patients (97.1%): 721 in the higher-intensity group and 743 in the lower-intensity group. The two study groups had similar baseline characteristics and received the study treatment for an average of 6.3 and 5.9 days, respectively (P=0.35). At 90 days after randomization, 322 deaths had occurred in the higher-intensity group and 332 deaths in the lower-intensity group, for a mortality of 44.7% in each group (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81 to 1.23; P=0.99). At 90 days, 6.8% of survivors in the higher-intensity group (27 of 399), as compared with 4.4% of survivors in the lower-intensity group (18 of 411), were still receiving renal-replacement therapy (odds ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.86 to 2.92; P=0.14). Hypophosphatemia was more common in the higher-intensity group than in the lower-intensity group (65% vs. 54%, P<0.001).In critically ill patients with acute kidney injury, treatment with higher-intensity continuous renal-replacement therapy did not reduce mortality at 90 days. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00221013.)
Hygiene: A Textbook for College Students on Physical and Mental Health From Personal and Public Aspects
Authors: Florence L. Meredith
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous administration
Authors: H. Nielsen
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Substitution therapy with human immunoglobulin preparations is well established in disorders of primary or secondary deficiencies of humoral immunity. However, modifications of the immunoglobulins are required to achieve tolerance for the preferred intravenous route of administration. Several procedures are employed by different commercial suppliers of immunoglobulins, and from the literature it appears that various important biologic functions, e.g., opsonic activity, complement fixation, and Fc-receptor function, are subject to alterations during the preparation. The best preservation of such activity, when assessed in vitro, is obtained with polyethylene glycol precipitation or DEAE-Sephadex fractionation, whereas enzymatic or chemical treatment can potentially reduce the biologic activity. It is recommended that immunoglobulin preparations be evaluated in vitro for intact biologic function before being given to immunodeficient patients.
Abstract 38: Important Role of Adiponectin in Volume Overload Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Lili Wang, Desiree Wanders, Gayani Nanayakkara, Rajesh Amin, Robert L Judd, Edward E Morrison, Juming Zhong
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Adiponectin (ADP) has been reported to exert cardiac protective effects during ventricular remodeling following pressure overload and myocardial ischemia. However, the potential role of ADP in the volume overload induced heart failure has not been reported. In this study we examined the effect of ADP in cardiac myocyte contractile dysfunction following sustained volume overload. Rat model of volume overload induced heart failure was created by infrarenal aorta-vena cava (A-V) fistula. Some rats were administered with adenoviral ADP (Ad-ADP) at 2-, 6-, and 9-weeks following fistula surgery. Serum total ADP levels were measured at 3 days before, 5 weeks and 10 weeks after fistula surgery. Myocyte contractility and intracellular Ca2+ transients were evaluated at 10 weeks following fistula. Results indicated a progressive reduction of serum ADP levels. In ventricular myocytes isolated from 10-week fistula rats, protein expression of ADP, AdipoR1/R2 and T-cadherin were decreased, and AMPK phosphorylation was reduced. Consistent with these, myocytes exhibited significant depression in cell shortening and intracellular Ca2+ transient. In vivo overexpression of adenovirus-mediated ADP in fistula rats significantly increased ADP serum levels, and prevented the depression of myocyte contractile performance. Moreover, in vitro treatment with ADP significantly improved myocyte contractility and intracellular Ca2+ transient from 10-week fistula rats, but had no effect on myocyte performance in control and Ad-ADP animals. These results demonstrate a positive correlation of ADP reduction and ventricular remodeling induced by volume overload. Adiponectin plays a protective role in volume overload-induced heart failure.
DERMATOSES INCIDENT TO INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC OCCUPATIONS
Authors: Everett S. Lain
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1944)

Article1 March 1944DERMATOSES INCIDENT TO INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC OCCUPATIONSEVERETT S. LAIN, M.D., F.A.C.P.EVERETT S. LAIN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-20-3-390 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNature has provided the human body with an elastic, pliable, vital external covering, which we call the skin. The skin possesses five primary physiological functions and many secondary functions correlated with those of other organs. In this presentation we are more especially concerned with the protective powers of the thin external layer we call the epidermis. Histologically the epidermis appears lifeless, but when exposed to an environment of abnormal temperature, trauma, chemical or bacterial invasion, its wonderful power of protection seems almost unbelievable and appears to rival that of every other organ of the entire human economy. However, owing to...Bibliography1. SCHWARTZ L: Address Conference—Industrial Physicians—Engineers, Oklahoma City, March 19, 1943. Google Scholar2. SCHWARTZ L: Dermatitis from new synthetic resin fabric finishes, Jr. Invest. Dermat., 1941, iv, 459-470. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. SCHWARTZ L: Dermatitis from cutting oil, Pub. Health Rep., 1941, lvi, 1947-1953. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. LANE CG: Occupational dermatoses, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1938, cxi, 1521-1523. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma*Presented at the Mid-Central States Regional Meeting of The American College of Physicians, Kansas City, Missouri, May 8, 1943. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1944Volume 20, Issue 3Page: 390-394KeywordsSkin diseasesTemperature Issue Published: 1 March 1944 PDF downloadLoading ...
Akciğer Kanserinde Güncel Gelişmeler- Amerikan Klinik Onkoloji Derneği 45. Yıllık Toplantısından (ASCO-2 9) Sunum Özetleri
Authors: Boone Goodgame, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, George Simon, Facp, Fccp, Antoinette Wozniak, and Ramaswamy Govindan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
1039. Mechanistic Insights into the Persistence of Non-Viral Mediated Gene Transfer In Vivo
Authors: Efren Riu, Zan Huang, Mark A. Kay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Non-viral vectors offer great potential for clinical application in gene therapy trials. These vectors have several advantages over the viral-based gene therapy approaches, including non-toxicity and ease of production. However, the ability to achieve reproducible, persistent, and therapeutic levels of gene expression in vivo by non-viral gene transfer approaches has been problematic because of the relatively transient nature of transgene expression in vivo. This may limit the use of these vectors in the clinic. Understanding the mechanisms required for persistent gene expression will be helpful for vector design and eventual clinical implementation. We have suggested that covalent linkage of bacterial DNA to the expression cassette plays a critical role in transcriptional silencing of the transgenes in vivo. To gain an insight into the role of the covalent linkage of plasmid DNA to the expression cassette and transcriptional repression, and whether this silencing effect could be alleviated by altering the molecular structure of vector DNAs in vivo, we generated a scheme for converting routine plasmids into a purified expression cassette, free of bacterial DNA after gene transfer in vivo. To do this, we co-injected the I-SCeI cDNA together with a plasmid reporter containing either the human alpha-1-antitrypsin (hAAT) or the human clotting factor IX (hFIX) expression cassette flanked by two I-SCeI sites. Two weeks after DNA administration, mice injected with the reporter gene alone or with the irrelevant control plasmid showed very low serum levels of hAAT and hFIX, which remained low throughout the length of the experiment. However, animals that expressed I-SCeI had a 5-10 fold increase in serum hAAT and hFIX that persisted for at least 8 months (length of study). In addition, expression of I-SCeI resulted in cleavage and excision of the expression cassettes from plasmid backbone, forming mostly circles devoid of bacterial DNA sequences, as established by a battery of different Southern blot and PCR analyses (in vivo and in vitro) in both C57Bl6 and scid mice. In contrast, only the input parental circular plasmid DNA band was detected in mice injected either with the reporter gene alone or an I-SCeI plasmid with the hAAT reporter plasmid lacking the I-SCeI sites. This study presents further independent evidence that removing the covalent linkage between plasmid and transgene sequences leads to a marked increase and persistence of transgene expression. Thus, unraveling the mechanisms by which the covalent linkage of bacterial DNA to the expression cassette is connected to gene silencing is fundamental to establish the mechanism of transcriptional regulation in mammalian systems and will be important for the development of versatile non-viral vectors that can be used to achieve persistent gene expression in different cell types.
Highlights of the 2008 Scientific Sessions of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Steen D. Kristensen, Helmut Baumgartner, Barbara Casadei, Helmut Drexler, Eric Eeckhout, Gerasimos Filippatos, Keith A.A. Fox, Joep Perk, Luc A. Pierard, Don Poldermans, Heribert Schunkert, Panos E. Vardas, Ernst E. van der Wall, Kim Fox, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Classification Of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) Based On Functionally Related Proteins Groups
Authors: Steven M. Kornblau, Chenyu W Hu, Suk Young Yoo, Yihua Qiu, Nianxiang Zhang, Gautam Borthakur, Naval G. Daver, Amina A Qutub, Kevin R. Coombes
Journal: Blood (2013)
Current Therapy in Critical Care Medicine.
Authors: Joseph E. Parrillo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

This new edition of Current  in  Care Medicine continues to provide a concise but widespread overview of the therapeutic options for specific critical illness as practiced by renowned contributors. Focusing primarily on therapy, this text discusses pathophysiology and diagnosis only to the extent that they affect the therapeutic decisions. Current Therapy serves as an update to the therapy chapters in Parrillo's larger text, Critical Care Medicine.
Abstract 15450: Plasma Levels of Fatty Acid-binding Protein 4 and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Diabetes Patients: a Prospective Investigation in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study
Authors: Hongyu Wu, Jinyan Huang, Stephanie E Chiuve, Eric B Rimm, Paul Selberg-Franks, James B Meigs, Frank B Hu, Qi Sun
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is highly expressed in adipocytes and macrophages. Animal studies and limited human evidence from general populations have suggested a positive association between circulating FABP4 levels and an array of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, though little prospective evidence exists regarding FABP4 levels in relation to CVD mortality among patients with diabetes. FABP4 expression is regulated by free fatty acids and insulin, both of which are elevated in patients with diabetes or insulin resistance. Therefore, we want to examine whether FABP4 may explain the particularly high CVD mortality observed among diabetics. Methods: We measured plasma FABP4 levels among 950 men who participated in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and reported having diabetes through 2004. Linear regression models were applied to evaluate the association between FABP4 levels and CVD risk factors. Hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD mortality were computed using Cox proportional haza...
Commentary: dilemma for patient and clinicians
Authors: Samia A Hurst, Alex Mauron
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The story of Maria Tomasa is deeply moving.1 Tommy went through a difficult process to find support in her wish to have a child. Then she risked her health in this pregnancy. Finally, she accepted that her story be told and commented on by strangers. All three steps show admirable courage. The authors must also be commended for publishing a case highlighting several issues on which reasonable people may disagree. Without attempting definitive answers, we comment on a few points illustrated by this story.

One salient element is that the decision to go ahead with assisted reproduction was so much harder than that of supporting a naturally occurring pregnancy. Yet opposing natural pregnancy to assisted reproduction may not be ethically relevant. No woman becomes pregnant without an intervention by another human being. What changes is who acts and the fact that technology is required. But technology is not clearly “unnatural”. It obeys the laws of nature and was invented by the human mind, which is itself a product of nature. Uses of technology can, of course, be good or bad, but that is a different question.

Who acts, however, is a relevant point. With assisted reproduction, the tools of medical decision making come into the picture. The true difficulty of this situation lies in their limitations.

Firstly, the imperative to “do no harm” is not straightforward in this case. As Trisha Greenhalgh points out, there are risks involved whatever choice is made, and the weight that should be given to these risks is a personal assessment.2 So the imperative not to harm is not clearly in contradiction with patient self determination.3 Tommy knows best what would be most harmful to her: the possible adverse outcomes of pregnancy or not having this child.​child.




Figure 1



Credit: FINE ART PHOTOGRAPHIC




This also reminds us that evidence based medicine is a source of factual knowledge. No less, but no more. It will not, by itself, solve ethical difficulties. Knowing what should be done certainly includes knowing the facts—the team was correct to go to the literature with such care—but the difficulties do not end there.4

This difficulty with medical decision making is not, of course, Tommy's problem. Her decision, whether to endanger her body in order to give birth, is one that women were already facing long before people started writing about it. Only recently did inventions of the human mind make this risk more distant and less generally accepted.
Fundamental Aids in Roentgen Diagnosis Emphasizing Spot Filming and Fluoroscopy.
Authors: Charles Bernard Storch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

cardia with 2:1 conduction, premature beats, etc. was dis- cussed.The book will appeal to those who are interested in the historical development of arrhythmias and conduction dis- turbances involving the atrioventricular node, but will be of limited value to clinicians who desire a greater clinical approach.MAURICE SOKOLOW, M.D.
Transfer of Bilirubin-C14 Across Monkey Placenta
Authors: R LESTER, R E BEHRMAN, J F LUCEY
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Transfer of bilirubin across the placenta was studied in two pregnant Rhesus monkeys. Bilirubin-C14 was infused into a peripheral fetal vein and subsequently recovered from maternal bile. Significant transfer of bilirubin-C14 occurred in each experiment. It is probable that the placenta is a major site of fetal bilirubin transfer in primates.
Abstract P022: Chocolate Intake and Incidence of Heart Failure: Findings from the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM)
Authors: Daniel Steinhaus, Elizabeth Mostofsky, Emily B Levitan, Alicja Wolk, Niclas Håkansson, Murray A Mittleman
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Several observational studies have found that moderate chocolate consumption is associated with a lower risk of incidence of stroke and myocardial infarction and beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and endothelial function. Randomized clinical trials have shown that chocolate reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure. One study showed that moderate chocolate consumption is associated with a lower rate of heart failure (HF) in women, but there have been no studies to evaluate the association between chocolate intake and incidence of HF in men. Methods and Results: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 33,028 men 45-79 years old with no history of myocardial infarction, diabetes, or HF at baseline who were participants in the population-based Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) study. Chocolate consumption was assessed through a self-administrated food frequency questionnaire. Participants were followed for HF hospitalization or mortality from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2011 using record linkage to the Swedish inpatient and cause-of-death registries. During 14 years of follow up, 1350 men were hospitalized (n = 1256) or died from incident HF (n = 192). We used Cox proportional hazards models to compute multivariable-adjusted rate ratios accounting for age, total caloric intake, education, BMI, physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of myocardial infarction, self-reported history of hypertension, and self-reported history of high cholesterol. Compared with subjects who reported no chocolate intake, the multivariable-adjusted rate ratio of HF was 0.90 (95% CI 0.75 - 1.08) for those consuming 1-3 servings per month, 0.88 (95% CI 0.72 - 1.08) for those consuming 1-2 servings per week, 0.69 (95% CI 0.51 - 0.93) for those consuming 3-6 servings per week, and 1.14 (95% CI 0.77 - 1.69) for those consuming and ≥1 servings per day (P for quadratic trend=0.02). Conclusions: In this large prospective cohort study, there was a J-shaped relationship between chocolate consumption and HF incidence. Moderate chocolate consumption was associated with a lower rate of HF hospitalization or death, but the protective association was not observed among individuals consuming one or more servings per day.
Abstract 2906: An effective anti-EpCAM antibody EpAb2-6 for the treatment of colon cancer and its underlying mechanisms
Authors: Han-Chung Wu, Yi-Hsuan Chi, Mei-Ying Liao
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is known to be overexpressed in epithelial cancers associated with enhanced malignant potential, particularly colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, it is yet to be determined whether targeting EpCAM can directly inhibit the progression of malignance. Here, we have generated six novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against EpCAM; these antibodies specifically bind to CRC and HNSCC cells, but not normal cells. One EpCAM mAb, EpAb2-6, was found to induce cancer cell apoptosis in vitro, inhibit tumor growth, and prolong the overall survival of mice with human colon or oral carcinoma xenografts. EpAb2-6 also increases the therapeutic efficacy of irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (IFL) therapy in tumor-bearing mice. Subsequent analysis suggested that EpAb2-6 can potentially inhibit the growth and proliferation of tumorspheres. Investigation of the mechanism by which EpAb2-6 inhibits tumor growth revealed that EpAb2-6 inhibits tumor-necrosis-factor α converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17) and γ-secretase activation and blocks EpCAM intracellular domain (EpICD) cleavage, thus preventing the nuclear localization of EpICD. Furthermore, EpAb2-6, which binds to positions in the EGF-II/TY domain of EpCAM, inhibits production of EpICD, thereby decreasing translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus and activation of p53 and p21 expression. Collectively, our results indicate that novel EpCAM mAbs can potentially be used for cancer-targeted therapy. Citation Format: Han-Chung Wu, Yi-Hsuan Chi, Mei-Ying Liao. An effective anti-EpCAM antibody EpAb2-6 for the treatment of colon cancer and its underlying mechanisms. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2906. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2906