tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lipid-lowering therapy with pravastatin reduces coronary plaque volume: Role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol containing apolipoprotein A-1
Authors: Shigemasa Tani, Ikuyoshi Watanabe, Sumito Oguchi, Takeo Anazama, Hiroshi Takahashi, Kazumiki Nomoto, Norio Miya, Kazutoshi Ishikawa, Michiaki Matsumoto, Tadamasa Nosaka, Tikara Kobari, Takuya Miyazawa, Kiyotaka Furukawa, Takashi Miyamoto, Ken Nagao, Katsuo Kanmatsuse
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Research Program of the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency: Summary of a Peer-Review Report
Authors: Anna K. Harding, George P. Daston, Glen R. Boyd, George W. Lucier, Stephen H. Safe, Juarine Stewart, Donald E. Tillitt, Glen Van Der Kraak
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

At the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development, a subcommittee of the Board of Scientific Counselors Executive Committee conducted an independent and open peer review of the Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Research Program (EDC Research Program) of the U.S. EPA. The subcommittee was charged with reviewing the design, relevance, progress, scientific leadership, and resources of the program. The subcommittee found that the long-term goals and science questions in the EDC Program are appropriate and represent an understandable and solid framework for setting research priorities, representing a combination of problem-driven and core research. Long-term goal (LTG) 1, dealing with the underlying science surrounding endocrine disruptors, provides a solid scientific foundation for conducting risk assessments and making risk management decisions. LTG 2, dealing with defining the extent of the impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), has shown greater progress on ecologic effects of EDCs compared with that on human health effects. LTG 3, which involves support of the Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Program of the U.S. EPA, has two mammalian tests already through a validation program and soon available for use. Despite good progress, we recommend that the U.S. EPA a) strengthen their expertise in wildlife toxicology, b) expedite validation of the Endocrine Disruptors Screening and Testing Advisory Committee tests, c) continue dependable funding for the EDC Research Program, d) take a leadership role in the application of "omics" technologies to address many of the science questions critical for evaluating environmental and human health effects of EDCs, and e) continue to sponsor multidisciplinary intramural research and interagency collaborations.
Playing for the Health Team
Authors: Paul C. Schreckenberger
Journal: JAMA (1970)

It is difficult to address myself to my experiences in dealing with problems as a member of the health team because I do not feel at this time that I am part of a team. I am vaguely aware that a health team has been formed, but it is clear that the team is not functioning as such. The concept of team is defined as people working together with a special coordination of effort and collective efficiency; it means a natural sense of teamwork and a spirit of comradeship that makes for successful cooperation. The word "team" we have; the action of team we lack. It is possible that some feel we do not need the health-team concept. It is in repudiation of those who might feel this way that I will now address myself. In 1900 the health team consisted of one supportive person to each physician and dentist.
Clinicians' Guide to Sleep Medicine: N J Douglas. UK: Arnold, 2002. pound29.99, paperback. ISBN 0 340 74205 4
Authors: M Chandri
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Those unfamiliar with the subject might be forgiven for thinking that sleep medicine is synonymous with obstructive sleep apnoea. However, in his excellent new book Professor Douglas demonstrates that disordered sleep can be caused by a surprisingly diverse range of diseases and environmental factors.

The book is well laid out, attractive, and not too thick! The material is covered comprehensively, in …
Nonablative fractional laser as a tool to facilitate skin penetration of 5-aminolaevulinic acid with minimal skin disruption: a preliminary study
Authors: H.K. Lim, K.H. Jeong, N.I. Kim, M.K. Shin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Effective penetration of a photosensitizer is an essential step in photodynamic therapy (PDT). There have been trials of several methods, including laser treatment, to facilitate prompt and sufficiently deep transdermal drug delivery.To evaluate the effects of nonablative fractional laser pretreatment on 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) penetration of the skin.Twelve treatment areas (1 × 1 cm(2)) on the backs of 10 healthy male subjects were mapped. Test areas received laser treatment followed by incubation with ALA. Laser treatment was performed with a 1550 nm fractional erbium glass laser, and the laser energy was set to 20 or 50 mJ with a spot density of 50 cm(-2). ALA incubation time was 30, 60 or 180 min. Porphyrin fluorescence was measured.Sites pretreated with nonablative fractional laser showed significantly increased porphyrin fluorescence compared with nonpretreated areas. Laser energy strength and ALA incubation time were positively correlated with ALA absorption.Nonablative fractional laser treatment effectively enhanced ALA skin penetration. Pretreatment with a nonablative fractional laser can be used for ALA-PDT to achieve higher ALA uptake and shortened ALA incubation times with minimal skin barrier disruption compared with ablative laser.
Bisphosphonates in the Treatment of Bone Diseases
Authors: Pierre D. Delmas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Bisphosphonates are drugs that inhibit bone turnover by decreasing the resorption of bone. They do this both directly, by inhibiting the recruitment and function of osteoclasts (the bone-resorbing cells), and indirectly, by stimulating osteoblasts (the bone-forming cells), to produce an inhibitor of osteoclast formation. Bisphosphonates may also shorten the life span of osteoclasts. The bisphosphonate compounds available in at least one country include etidronate, clodronate, pamidronate, tiludronate, alendronate, and ibandronate. Although these compounds differ markedly in potency, they share common properties: they are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and are concentrated in bone, where they remain until the bone . . .
A Randomized Trial of 5-Hydroxytryptamine4–Receptor Agonist, YKP10811, on Colonic Transit and Bowel Function in Functional Constipation
Authors: Andrea Shin, Andres Acosta, Michael Camilleri, Amy Boldingh, Duane Burton, Michael Ryks, Deborah Rhoten, Alan R. Zinsmeister
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Lysosomes and menstruation.
Authors: J. C. Wood, E. A. Williams, V. L. Barley, R. H. Cowdell
Journal: BMJ (1969)

principal differences are that Coxiella burneti is not dependent on an arthropod vector, does not share the Proteus XK antigens, and pro- duces a different disease complex in man.The creation of a new genus Coxiella within the family Rickettsiaceae is therefore justified in the eyes of the distinguished authors of Bergey.'I cannot help but agree with them and suggest that if the "criteria " of Dr. Smith were adopted taxonomy would frankly be impossible.-Iam, etc.,
Edrophonium, Ergonovine, and the Diagnosis of Chest Pain
Authors: David L. Oshin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1985Edrophonium, Ergonovine, and the Diagnosis of Chest PainDAVID L. OSHIN, M.D.DAVID L. OSHIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-6-958_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Noncardiac chest pain is indeed "a vexing diagnostic problem," as Richter and colleagues (1) note at the outset of their recent article on edrophonium provocation of esophageal chest pain. However, their conclusions regarding the superiority of edrophonium to ergonovine as a diagnostic agent in this setting are open to question.Ideally, any patient with chest pain suggestive of coronary artery disease significant enough to warrant coronary angiography should be administered ergonovine during angiography if no hemodynamically significant coronary obstructions or other findings sufficient to explain the symptoms are noted. Only if focal coronary artery spasm is excluded...References1. RICHTER J, HACKSHAW B, WU W, and CASTELL D. Edrophonium: a useful provocative test for esophageal chest pain. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:14-21. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BUXTON A, GOLDBERG S, and HIRSHFELD J. Refractory ergonovine-induced coronary vasospasm: importance of intracoronary nitroglycerin. Am J Cardiol. 1980;46:329-34. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. HEUPLER F. Provocative testing for coronary arterial spasm: risk, method and rationale. Am J Cardiol. 1980;46:335-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BERTRAND M, LABLANCHE J, and TILMANT P. Frequency of provoked coronary arterial spasm in 1089 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Circulation. 1982;65:1299-1306. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MASSERI A and CHIERCHIA S. Coronary artery spasm: demonstration, definition, diagnosis, and consequences. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1982;25:169. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. RICHTER J, HACKSHAW B, WU W, and CASTELL D. Edrophonium: a useful provocative test for esophageal chest pain. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:14-21. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID L. OSHIN, M.D.Affiliations: Good Samaritan Hospital Suffern, NY 10901 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1985Volume 103, Issue 6_Part_1Page: 958-959KeywordsAngiographyCoronary arteriesIschemiaStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Patient navigation: An update on the state of the science
Authors: Electra D. Paskett, J. Phil Harrop, Kristen J. Wells
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2011)

Although patient navigation was introduced 2 decades ago, there remains a lack of consensus regarding its definition, the necessary qualifications of patient navigators, and its impact on the continuum of cancer care. This review provides an update to the 2008 review by Wells et al on patient navigation. Since then, there has been a significant increase in the number of published studies dealing with cancer patient navigation. The authors of the current review conducted a search by using the keywords "navigation" or "navigator" and "cancer." Thirty-three articles published from November 2007 through July 2010 met the search criteria. Consistent with the prior review, there is building evidence of some degree of efficacy of patient navigation in terms of increasing cancer screening rates. However, there is less recent evidence concerning the benefit of patient navigation with regard to diagnostic follow-up and in the treatment setting, and a paucity of research focusing on patient navigation in cancer survivorship remains. Methodological limitations were noted in many studies, including small sample sizes and a lack of control groups. As patient navigation programs continue to develop across North America and beyond, further research will be required to determine the efficacy of cancer patient navigation across all aspects of the cancer care continuum. CA Cancer J Clin 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society, Inc.
Please, don’t forget ethical responsibilities
Authors: Philip J Harrison
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A caveat to the assumption that terminal or palliative sedation can be accepted as the norm by healthcare professionals is that patients and their relatives should be contacted and their wishes, where possible, properly obtained.1 This is not as straightforward as it sounds.

My own, previously well and robust, 92 year old father was admitted as a medical emergency with rectal haemorrhage. He had moved to live in a rest home three weeks earlier because of deteriorating health of uncertain cause, having spent all of his life living independently and in robust health (and fully lucid). On admission his haemoglobin was about 60 g/l, and initial resuscitation, blood transfusion, was …
Directional characteristics of action potential propagation in cardiac muscle. A model study.
Authors: L J Leon, F A Roberge
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Propagation of an elliptic excitation wave front was studied in a two-dimensional model of a thin sheet of cardiac muscle. The sheet model of 2.5 x 10 mm consisted of a set of 100 parallel cables coupled through a regular array of identical transverse resistors. The membrane dynamics was represented by a modified Beeler-Reuter model. We defined the charging factor (CF) to represent by a single number the proportion of input current used to charge the membrane locally below threshold and showed that CF is inversely correlated with the time constant of the foot of the action potential (tau foot) during propagation on a cable. A safety factor of propagation (SF) was also defined for the upstroke of the action potential, with SF directly correlated with the maximum rate of depolarization (Vmax) and, for cablelike propagation, with propagation velocity. Propagation along the principal longitudinal axis of the elliptic wave front is cablelike but, in comparison with a flat wave front, transverse current flow provides a drag effect that somewhat reduces the propagation velocity, Vmax, SF, and CF. With a longitudinal-to-transverse velocity ratio of 3:1 or more, the wave front propagating along the principal transverse axis is essentially flat and is characterized by multiple collisions between successive pairs of input junctions on a given cable; Vmax, SF, and CF are larger than for longitudinal propagation, but CF is no longer correlated with tau foot. There are transient increases in propagation velocity and Vmax with distance from the stimulation site along both principal axes until stablized values are achieved, and a similar transient decrease in tau foot. Away from the principal axes, the action potential characteristics change progressively along the elliptic wave front.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bone marrow necrosis
Authors: Marcel E. Conrad, John T. Carpenter
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Bone marrow necrosis has been regarded as a rare entity in specimens obtained from living patients and has been associated with poor prognosis. In contrast, we believe that it is a commonplace finding in bone marrow specimens which is frequently overlooked and which occurs in patients with multiple acute and chronic disorders. It is postulated that bone marrow necrosis eventuates from vascular occlusion of small blood vessels as a result of a number of causes. When bone marrow necrosis is prolonged, it may be associated with the development of bone marrow fibrosis and serve as a predisposing lesion for idiopathic myelofibrosis. Additional investigation of this phenomenon is required to determine its usefulness in the diagnosis of disease states and its role in the pathophysiology of a number of disorders.
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia occurring in a patient with mycosis fungoides
Authors: S.I. WHITE, J.R. MARSDEN, JANET M. MARKS, S. PROCTOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia occurring in a patient with mycosis fungoides Get access S.I. WHITE, S.I. WHITE University Departments of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.R. MARSDEN, J.R. MARSDEN University Departments of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JANET M. MARKS, JANET M. MARKS University Departments of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. PROCTOR S. PROCTOR University Departments of Hacmatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 110, Issue 4, 1 April 1984, Pages 495–497, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04666.x Published: 01 April 1984 Article history Accepted: 08 September 1983 Published: 01 April 1984
Fumaric acid esters, their place in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: A.D. Ormerod, U. Mrowietz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Fumaric acid esters (FAE) have evolved as a therapy for psoriasis through an unusual route, beginning with self‐experimentation by the German chemist Schweckendiek whose premise was that psoriasis might be due to an aberration of the citric acid cycle. While this is not the case, our understanding of the active moiety, its mode of action and place in psoriasis therapy are still developing. However, there is cumulating evidence that dimethylfumarate (DMF), the main ingredient of the marketed mixture, is the active compound. Hoefnagelet al. recently reported on the long‐term effects and safety of FAE1 and Mrowietz et al. published a consensus statement regarding the appropriate use of this therapy in psoriasis in 1998.2 An article in this issue of the journal3 is among the first to explore the possibilities of combination therapy, adding FAE to other second line drugs to treat patients with more difficult and severe psoriasis that is unresponsive to conventional modalities.
Transfusions in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: E. Wesley Ely, Gordon R. Bernard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The art of fluid administration and hemodynamic support is one of the most challenging aspects of treating critically ill patients. Considering that every year in the United States over 11 million units of red cells are transfused in more than 3 million patients,1 there is a surprising paucity of data to guide decisions about transfusions. The American College of Physicians has a prudent transfusion algorithm,2 but it is based mainly on a consensus of experts, not on data from controlled clinical trials. The use of transfusions in critically ill patients varies widely, with hemoglobin thresholds ranging from 7 to 12 . . .
The Effect of Known Risk Factors on the Excess Mortality of Black Adults in the United States
Authors: Mac W. Otten
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We compared the mortality rate ratios, before and after adjustment for different risk factors, of black vs white adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. For persons 35 to 54 years old, the rate ratio of mortality for blacks vs whites decreased from 2.3 (unadjusted) to 1.9 when adjusted simultaneously for six well-established risk factors (smoking, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, body-mass index, alcohol intake, and diabetes) and decreased from 1.9 to 1.4 when adjusted for the six risk factors plus family income. Thus, approximately 31% of the excess mortality can be accounted for by six well-established risk factors and a further 38% by family income. This leaves 31% unexplained. Broader social and health system changes and research targeted at the causes of the mortality gap, coupled with increased efforts aimed at modifiable risk factors, may all be needed for egalitarian goals in health to be realized. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:845-850)
Chemoprophylaxis for Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Min C. Li
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The effectiveness of a short-term fluorouracil chemopophylaxis regimen commencing four to six weeks after "curative" surgery was evaluated in a homogeneous group of 213 patients with colorectal cancer. In stage III disease (Dukes class C), five-year survival with no evidence of disease (NED) was 24.3% when treated by surgery alone but was 57.5% when a prophylactic regimen of fluorouracil was added (P less than .01), an increase of 33.2%. In stage II disease (Dukes class B), five-year NED survival was raised from 58.5% to 81.6%, an increase of 23.1% (P less than .02). More striking are the one-, two-, and three-year NED survivals in stage III. The one-, two-m and three-year NED survivals for the chemoprophylaxis group are 100%, 95%, and 75%, respectively, in contrast to 70.7%, 48.8%, and 34.1% in the group with surgery alone. The present data indicate that fluorouracil chemoprophylaxis offers a significant improvement of five-year cure rate of patients with stage II and III disease, an overall increase of 28.1% (P less than .01).
Laser-supported diaphanoscopy: an innovative technique for locating gastric stromal tumors in gastroscopic-laparoscopic rendezvous: a case series
Authors: M. Patrzyk, A. Schreiber, C. Heidecke, A. Glitsch
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Development of an innovative method of endoscopic laser-supported diaphanoscopy, for precise demonstration of the location of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) at laparoscopy is described. The equipment consists of a light transmission cable with an anchoring system for the gastric mucosa, a connecting system for the light source, and the laser light source itself. During surgery, transillumination by laser is used to show the shape of the tumor. The resection margins are then marked by electric coagulation. Ten patients have been successfully treated using this technique in laparoscopic-endoscopic rendezvous procedures. Average time of surgery was 123 minutes. The time for marking the shape of the tumor averaged 16 minutes. Depending on tumor location and size, 4-7 marks were used, and resection margins were 4-15 mm. This new and effective technique facilitates precise locating of gastric GISTs leading to exact and tissue-sparing transmural laparoscopic resections.
Event-related potentials and cognition: A critique of the context updating hypothesis and an alternative interpretation of P3
Authors: Rolf Verleger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1988)

P3 is the most prominent of the electrical potentials of the human electroencephalogram that are sensitive to psychological variables. According to the most influential current hypothesis about its psychological significance [E. Donchin's], the "context updating" hypothesis, P3 reflects the updating of working memory. This hypothesis cannot account for relevant portions of the available evidence and it entails some basic contradictions. A more general formulation of this hypothesis is that P3 reflects the updating of expectancies. This version implies that P3-evoking stimuli are initially unexpected but later become expected. This contradiction cannot be resolved within this formulation. The alternative "context closure" hypothesis retains the concept of "strategic information processing" emphasized by the context updating hypothesis. P3s are evoked by events that are awaited when subjects deal with repetitive, highly structured tasks; P3s arise from subjects' combining successive stimuli into larger units. The tasks in which P3s are elicited can accordingly be classified in terms of their respective formal sequences of stimuli. P3 may be a physiological indicator of excess activation being released from perceptual control areas.