tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Upper respiratory tract tumors in Cpb:WU (Wistar random) rats.
Authors: V J Feron, R A Woutersen, A van Garderen-Hoetmer, H C Dreef-van der Meulen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

A survey is given of upper respiratory tract tumors in Cpb:WU (Wistar random) rats. Data were collected from ten 24- to 30-month toxicity/carcinogenicity studies and from one 12-month study. Nasal tumors may lead to dyspnea, mouth breathing, and nasal discharge. These clinical signs mainly occurred in rats bearing squamous cell carcinomas. The large nasal tumors were often osteolytic, they invaded the subcutis over the premaxilla, resulting in swellings on the back of the nose, and extended into the brain. The incidence of nasal tumors in untreated male controls was 1.1% (7/661), the tumors invariably being squamous cell carcinomas. There were no nasal tumors found in untreated female controls. The type of compound-induced nasal tumor most frequently observed was adenocarcinoma (of the olfactory epithelium) followed, in order of decreasing incidence, by squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, polypoid adenoma, Schwannoma, and carcinosarcoma. It was proposed that adenocarcinomas of the olfactory epithelium should be classified as neuroepitheliomas. It was also suggested that squamous cell carcinomas, seen in association with necrotizing inflammation of an incisor tooth, should be considered as part of the malocclusion syndrome. No spontaneous tracheal tumors were observed, and only one out of 422 untreated female controls (0.2%) was seen to have a laryngeal tumor, an adenoma. Induced laryngeal tumors included carcinoma in situ, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma was the only type of treatment-related tracheal tumor found. The incidences of induced laryngeal and tracheal tumors were very low, and in no case were these tumors statistically significantly different from the respective incidences in controls.
Smart Pacemakers Get High Marks
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Angiography of a Clinically Nonfunctioning Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Robert G. Levitt
Journal: JAMA (1975)

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMAS are catecholamine-producing tumors derived from chromaffin cells. Approximately 90% are found in or adjacent to the adrenal gland. Only 10% are clinically nonfunctioning, ie, tumors that do not produce either paroxysmal or sustained hypertension. Clinically unsuspected pheochromocytomas have been discovered incidentally at postmortem examination and at surgery for unrelated reasons, or for a lesion that was first seen with local signs such as pain or abdominal mass. We recently had the opportunity to study angiographically and histopathologically a clinically nonfunctioning pheochromocytoma. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 37-year-old man was admitted to another hospital in September 1973, with a one-year history of dull, right upper quadrant and right flank pain and a 7-kg (15-1b) weight loss. On physical examination, the patient's vital signs were normal, including a blood pressure of 134/82 mm Hg. A soft, nontender mass, 4 cm in diameter, was palpable in the right upper quadrant. Results of
MUNICIPAL CONTROL OF DIPHTHERIA.
Authors: W. K. JAQUES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The prevention of disease is the province of the municipal health department. The treatment of disease is in the hands of the medical profession whose members have spent time and money to acquire the necessary knowledge, and who stand within that sacred circle of domestic confidence essential in the treatment of disease. The only tenable ground the munipal health department can take is that of assisting the family physician and there should be no friction between them. The health officer should be careful not to infringe upon the prerogatives of the family physician, who should be high-minded and generous enough to commend the enforcement of public hygiene and respect a power that is greater and broader than his for the prevention of disease. The improvement of a race or species can only be accomplished during its period of development. No scientific mind can study the effect of ptomain poisoning on
Abstract 3761: Tissue processing time affects the expression of phosphoproteins after breast cancer resection
Authors: Ming Gao, Ta-Chen Huang, Chi-Long Chen, Hui-Ching Tu, Wen-Chi Feng, Yen-Shen Lu, Pei-Yen Yeh, Wun-Hon Kuo, King-Jeng Chang, Chih-Hung Hsu, Ann-Lii Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Many phosphoproteins are among the targeted pathways of cancer signal transduction and are therefore candidates for cancer biomarkers. However, the collection procedures of biospecimens might affect the expression of the phosphoproteins significantly because the time interval between surgical removal of tissues and fixation, i.e. warm ischemia time, are variable. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of phosphoprotein expression under the differential tissue processing time. Materials and Methods: Specimens were obtained from patients who received mastectomy at National Taiwan University Hospital. Each specimen was cut into 5 pieces, stored at 4oC for 10 minutes, 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours before further processing. At each assigned time point, a small section of the specimen was fixed immediately in 10% buffered formalin, then paraffin embedded for immunohistochemical stains (IHC) of phospho-Akt (p-Akt) and phospho-Erk (p-Erk). The remaining specimens were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, followed by homogenization in RIPA buffer. Western blot analysis was performed for phospho-Akt (p-Akt), total Akt, phospho-Erk (p-Erk), total Erk, phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3), and total STAT3 staining. Results: Western blot analysis showed that the expression of p-Erk declined significantly as early as 2 hours. The expression of p-Akt was relatively stable and decreased slightly after 24 hours. The expression of p-STAT3 gave variable results. The expression of total Akt, Erk, and STAT3 remain unchanged at each assigned time point. The immunohistochemical expression of p-ERK declined in a time-dependent manner whereas no obvious p-Akt decrease was detected. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the expression of some phosphoproteins by IHC may be affected by warm ischemia time. Caution should be given to the interpretation of the results of these biomarkers. (The study was supported by the grant NSC 98-3112-B-002-038) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3761.
Trapping and apoptosis of novel subsets of memory T lymphocytes expressing CCR6 in the spleen of HIV-infected patients
Authors: Cédric Lécureuil, Béhazine Combadière, Elodie Mazoyer, Olivia Bonduelle, Assia Samri, Brigitte Autran, Patrice Debré, Christophe Combadière
Journal: Blood (2006)
THE CAUSE OF "PAINFUL BREASTS" AND TREATMENT BY MEANS OF OVARIAN RESIDUE
Authors: MAX CUTLER
Journal: JAMA (1931)

It is my purpose in this communication to discuss the physiologic and pathologic processes underlying the condition of painful  to emphasize their etiologic relationship to ovarian and other endocrine dysfunction, and to report the results of the treatment on this condition by means of ovarian residue.  At every menstrual period the mammary glands are stimulated by hormones that arise in the sexual glands and circulate in the blood, resulting in a transitory swelling of these organs. The stimulus affects both the epithelial and connective tissue elements of the breast. In many women the breast changes associated with menstruation pass unnoticed. Many others complain of pain and tenderness in one or both breasts, and at times moderate enlargement is observed. In extreme examples, actual secretion of a milky fluid from the nipples may occur. In typical examples the pain begins from ten to fifteen days before the menstrual period and
A molecular defect of spectrin in a subset of patients with hereditary elliptocytosis. Alterations in the alpha-subunit domain involved in spectrin self-association.
Authors: J Lawler, S C Liu, J Palek, J Prchal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) is a clinically and biochemically heterogenous group of diseases characterized by elliptically shaped erythrocytes and an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Whereas the self-association of spectrin heterodimers to tetramers is defective in a subpopulation of HE patients, designated HE[SpD-SpD], it is normal in others. We have examined the peptide pattern produced by limited tryptic digestion of spectrin extracts from patients with HE[SpD-SpD] to determine if the functional defects in spectrin self-association could be correlated with structural changes in the spectrin molecule. Although the peptide pattern produced by limited tryptic digestion of spectrin extracts from those HE patients with normal spectrin self-association was indistinguishable from the pattern from control normal volunteers, digestion of the spectrin extracts from the HE[SpD-SpD] patients showed a reproducible diminution in the 80,000-D domain of the alpha-subunit, which is involved in spectrin dimer self-association. The decrease in the 80,000-D fragment was associated with an increase in a 74,000-D fragment in eight of nine families, or, in one family, with an increase of fragments at 46,000 and 17,000 D. These atypical peptide patterns were similar to those previously reported in two variants of hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP), which also had defective self-association of spectrin. These data indicate that two distinct structural variants of spectrin alpha-subunit are associated with the defective spectrin heterodimer self-association in a subpopulation of HE patients.
P283 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (copd) Case-finding And Tobacco Dependence On Long Stay Psychiatric Wards
Authors: D. Hughes, M. Jeanneret, F. Johansson, K. Sherring, L. Restrick
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> 42% of UK tobacco smoked is consumed by people with mental disorders.<sup>1</sup> Smoking prevalence, and the proportion of highly-dependent smokers, are increased in patients with severe mental illness (SMI) and smoking is the main cause of high premature mortality in this group.<sup>1</sup> The prevalence of COPD, a disease with &gt;85% smoking-attributable deaths, in psychiatric in-patients is unknown and patients with SMI are less likely to have physical-health-checks and treatment.<sup>1 </sup>We hypothesised that COPD is under-diagnosed and under-treated in in-patients with SMI. <h3>Methods</h3> Case notes review and a structured smoking/respiratory assessment, using NICE COPD guidance with spirometry/oximetry,<sup>2</sup> were performed for in-patients with SMI over 1 month on three long-term psychiatric wards in an inner-city mental health trust. <h3>Results</h3> Patient demographics are shown in the Table. 34/41 (83%) were confirmed current tobacco smokers with mean (SD) 34 (28) pack-years; 5 were non-smokers and 2 ex-smokers. 24/41 (59%) were previous/current cannabis smokers. Quit Smoking Support (QSS) was offered to 25/34 (74%) tobacco smokers with medication prescribed for 9/34 (26%). Median (range) self-assessed MRC-breathlessness score was 1 (1–2); (n = 16 and 18 did not engage). Mean (SD) oxygen saturation was 96.6 (2.4)% (n = 21; 13 did not engage). Three smokers (9%) had an existing diagnosis of COPD. 18/28 eligible patients had spirometry; 10 (36%) did not engage. Mean (SD) FEV<sub>1</sub> was 2.41 (1.01) L; 4 /18 (22%) were obstructive. 3/6 (50%) smokers with COPD (1 ex-smoker) were offered QSS and 2 were referred for respiratory input. <h3>Conclusions</h3> COPD prevalence was 17% in this in-patient group, over half of whom were undiagnosed. A third of patients declined spirometry, reflecting challenges of engagement in SMI. Nevertheless 2 in 9 tests resulted in new COPD diagnoses. Smoking prevalence was high at 83% but 1 in 5 smokers were not offered QSS, including half of those with COPD. These results support the case for respiratory-mental health collaborations during long psychiatric admissions. <h3>References</h3> No health without mental health. Department of Health. 2011 NICE clinical guideline 101. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2010
Increased Incidence of Asthmalike Symptoms in Girls Who Become Overweight or Obese during the School Years
Authors: JOSÉ A. CASTRO-RODRÍGUEZ, CATHARINE J. HOLBERG, WAYNE J. MORGAN, ANNE L. WRIGHT, FERNANDO D. MARTINEZ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The possibility of a causal relationship is suggested by recent concomitant increases in the prevalence of obesity and asthma. In a general population sample, prevalence and incidence of asthma symptoms, skin tests, and body mass index (BMI) were ascertained at mean ages of 6.3 (n = 688) and 10.9 (n = 600) yr. Lung function, bronchodilator responsiveness, and daily peak flow variability were measured at 11 yr of age. There was no association between BMI at age 6 and wheezing prevalence at any age. Females, but not males, who were overweight or obese at 11 yr of age were more likely to have current wheezing at ages 11 and 13 but not at ages 6 or 8. This effect was strongest among females beginning puberty before the age of 11. Females who became overweight or obese between 6 and 11 yr of age were 7 times more likely to develop new asthma symptoms at age 11 or 13 (p = 0.0002); at age 11 their peak flow variability and bronchodilator responsiveness were significantly more likely to be increased. In females, becoming overweight or obese between 6 and 11 yr of age increases the risk of developing new asthma symptoms and increased bronchial responsiveness during the early adolescent period.
Side effects of phenobarbital and carbamazepine in childhood epilepsy: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Selina H Banu, Moshrat Jahan, Umme Kulsum Koli, Saadia Ferdousi, Naila Z Khan, Brian Neville
Journal: BMJ (2006)

To compare the behavioural side effects associated with two commonly used antiepilepsy drugs-phenobarbital and carbamazepine-in children in Bangladesh.Prospective randomised controlled single centre trial.Specialist children's hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh.108 children aged 2-15 with generalised tonic-clonic (n=51) or partial and secondary generalised seizures (n=57).Seizure control and behavioural side effects.91 children were followed up for 12 months. Six required a change of antiepilepsy drug. Side effects were compared in 85 children. In the last quarter of the 12 month follow-up, 71 children were seizure free after one year's treatment. Thirty two in the phenobarbital group and 39 in the carbamazepine group had no seizures in 74 and 102 days after randomisation, respectively. Ten children had increased behavioural problems, which were unacceptable in four (one in the phenobarbital group and three in the carbamazepine group). Independent t tests, however, showed no difference between the two trial drugs.There was no excess in behavioural side effects with phenobarbital in children with epilepsy in a country with limited resources. Trial registration NCT00381537.
Pigeon fanciers and disease.
Authors: C A Osman
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Cerebral blood flow in diabetes mellitus SIR,-Dr P Dandona and his colleagues (29 July, p 325) appear to conclude from their most interesting demonstration of altered reactivity of the cerebral vasculature to CO2 in diabetics that these patients have an "inability to compensate with increased cerebral blood flow when metabolic requirements of the brain demand this."Such a conclusion is almost certainly not justified.Although CO2 has been suspected as a factor in the mechanism which couples blood flow to metabolism in the brain since Roy and Sherrington's classic study,' no direct evidence exists for this supposition and recent evidence is against it.2Failure to react to one specific stimulus can surely not be taken as evidence of an impaired ability of cerebral vessels to dilate under any circumstances.They may yet respond to the factors, as yet unidentified, which do couple blood flow to metabolism in the brain.
Temporal trends in incidence of primary brain tumors in the United States, 1985-19991
Authors: Sara Hoffman, Jennifer M. Propp, Bridget J. McCarthy
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2006)

A number of reports have indicated an increasing incidence of primary brain tumors over the past few decades. The purpose of this study was to describe incidence rate trends in a population-based series of newly diagnosed primary nonmalignant and malignant brain and other CNS tumors, contributing five additional years to previously published incidence trends. Data for the years 1985 through 1999 from six collaborating state cancer registries of the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States were used to determine incidence trends in the broad age groups 0-19, 20-64, and >or=65 years, overall and for selected histologies. Multiplicative Poisson regression was used to express trends as average annual percent change (AAPC). Joinpoint regression was used to identify sharp changes in incidence occurring over this period. Overall, incidence increased modestly (AAPC, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4). When brain lymphomas were excluded, this increase remained statistically significant. A sharp change in incidence of brain lymphomas from increasing to decreasing over time was identified. Specific histologies that were increasing included anaplastic astrocytomas in individuals aged >or=65 years, microscopically confirmed gliomas in both adult age groups, and microscopically confirmed glioma, not otherwise specified (NOS), in children. Increases that were not specific to any population subgroup were seen for oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, meningiomas, and nerve sheath tumors. Decreases were noted for astrocytoma, NOS, nonmicroscopically confirmed gliomas, and pituitary tumors. Improvements in diagnosis and classification are likely reflected in the decreasing trends in unspecified glioma subgroups and the accompanying increasing trends in more specific glioma subgroups. However, increases in meningiomas and nerve sheath tumors deserve further attention.
Lymphangiographic and Angiographic Diagnosis of Persistent Jugular Lymph Sac
Authors: Israel Steinberg, Robin C. Watson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IN 19581 persistence of a right jugular lymph sac was demonstrated by angiography in a fifty-year-old man. Six years later2 a left jugular lymph sac in a fifty-six-year-old woman was also visualized. Diagnosis of a third case, a twenty-eight-year-old woman with persistent left jugular lymph sac, was recently established by both lymphangiography and angiocardiography and is the reason for this report.Case ReportA 28-year-old schoolteacher (N.Y.H. 1055787) was seen in April, 1966, and after completion of the school term, was admitted to the hospital for angiography on June 28, with the complaint of soreness and a lump in the . . .
New evidence for the Dutch hypothesis?
Authors: D Shaw
Journal: Thorax (2003)

▴ Sears MR, Greene JM, Willan AR, et al . A longitudinal, population-based, cohort study of childhood asthma followed to adulthood. N Engl J Med2003;349:1414–22 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] This study, designed to evaluate risk factors for the persistence and relapse of asthma, followed children born in Dunedin, New Zealand between April 1972 and March 1973. A total of 613 subjects (51.4% of the total study population) underwent spirometry, bronchial provocation, allergy testing, and questionnaires at roughly 2 year intervals … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DSears%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%2BR.%26rft.volume%253D349%26rft.issue%253D15%26rft.spage%253D1414%26rft.epage%253D1422%26rft.atitle%253DA%2BLongitudinal%252C%2BPopulation-Based%252C%2BCohort%2BStudy%2Bof%2BChildhood%2BAsthma%2BFollowed%2Bto%2BAdulthood%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa022363%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F14534334%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa022363&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=14534334&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F1%2F38.1.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000185769500004&link_type=ISI
Chondrocalcinosis in primary hyperparathyroidism. Influence of age, metabolic bone disease, and parathyroidectomy.
Authors: M H Pritchard, J D Jessop
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Chondrocalcinosis is known to be common in hyperparathyroidism. In order to discover the effect of parathyroidectomy on chondrocalcinosis and to investigate this association further, we studied two groups of patients. In one group were 41 postparathyroidectomy patients, and in the other 100 admissions to the acute geriatric unit. The total incidence of chondrocalcinosis in the parathyroidectomy group was 32%, and in the elderly control group 11%. There was little or no osteoarthrosis in these patients. It was found that chondrocalcinosis occurred in the normal population from the age of 75 and in the hyperparathyroid group from the age of 45. In both groups the incidence rose steadily with age. In the hyperparathyroid group alone, preoperative serum calcium levels were no different in those without chondrocalcinosis, suggesting that hypercalcaemia alone is not a sufficient stimulus for chondrocalcinosis. Those with chondrocalcinosis had higher mean preoperative alkaline phosphatase levels, nearly twice as much radiological bone disease, and were older. Parathyroidectomy had no effect on attacks of pseudogout or on preexisting cartilage calcification. A connection with high levels of circulating parathyroid hormone is suggested, and a link with physical age-related changes in cartilage postulated.