tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Partial and total monosomal karyotypes in myelodysplastic syndromes: Comparative prognostic relevance among 421 patients
Authors: Carolina B. Belli, Raquel Bengió, Pedro Negri Aranguren, Francisco Sakamoto, María G. Flores, Nora Watman, Elsa Nucifora, María V. Prates, Jorge Arbelbide, Irene Larripa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Abstract Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) include a group of heterogeneous hematological disorders with a variable risk of leukemic evolution and short survival. Around 40–50% of patients show abnormal karyotypes that are mostly characterized by monosomies or deletions. Cytogenetic findings are an independent prognostic factor and the International prognostic scoring system (IPSS) differentiates three cytogenetic categories, despite the Intermediate one being heterogeneous. The aim of this study, including 421 Argentinean patients with primary MDS, is to characterize the cytogenetic profile, to test its prognostic value and to compare partial and monosomal karyotypes against other cytogenetic findings. An abnormal karyotype (median survival: 26 months) was observed in 176 patients. The presence of complex karyotypes, number of alterations, and the IPSS cytogenetic groups showed significant differences for predicting outcome. Behavior of patients with isolated deletions (median survival: 49 months) did not differ from those with normal karyotype (56 months, P = 0.654) or Good prognostic findings (43 months, P = 0.371). However, a worse prognosis was observed when another alteration was added (31 months, P = 0.043). Karyotypes with autosomal monosomies (median survival: 16 months) had a prognostic impact similar to other Poor cytogenetic findings (17 months, P = 0.626). In our population classified according to French‐American‐British (FAB) or World Health Organization (WHO), this new categorization of cytogenetic abnormalities, recognizing three different risk groups, showed an independent prognostic impact and a better discriminating power than the IPSS categories. It can be concluded that all isolate deletions (excluding 7q‐) are good prognostic findings and all monosomies (excluding Y chromosome loss) are bad indicators. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case 4-1989
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Lee M. Kaplan, Carolyn C. Compton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Presentation of CaseA 56-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain, vomiting, and hematemesis.She was well until the day of admission, when she experienced the acute onset of nonradiating midepigastric pain while she was hurrying to work, soon followed by vomiting of gastric contents mixed with small amounts of fresh blood and brown particles; the pain was constant and became more severe. She vomited similar material once or twice thereafter, became sweaty and dizzy, and fell. She was placed in an ambulance, where her blood pressure in the sitting position was found to be 70/50 . . .
Emergency Tracheostomy in Hemophilia
Authors: Harry V. Unfug
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ONE OF THE most acute hazards a hemophiliac faces is fatal asphyxia developing from hemorrhage into the sublingual and paratracheal tissues. Tracheostomy as an emergency procedure may be lifesaving. Review of the literature discloses fatalities, successes, and difference of opinion concerning management. Meticulous surgery and attempts to correct the bleeding disorder with fresh-frozen plasma, antihemophilic globulin, or fresh blood necessary. <h3>Report of a Case</h3><h3>History.—</h3> This boy was born prematurely in 1951 weighing 4 lb, 14 oz (2,216 gm). The maternal grandfather and a male cousin had hemophilia, so circumcision was not done. Two months later, because of foreskin retraction with persistent oozing, the infant required hospitalization and 150 ml of group B, Rh-positive blood. Readmission for blood transfusion was required nine days later because of recurrent bleeding. A diagnosis of thromboplastin deficiency was made in 1952 and the patient was further treated in 1957 and 1958 with a number
Postdoctoral Medical Education-Reply
Authors: John Collins Harvey
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. Rosenman's letter expresses honest and straightforward opinion and, as I interpret his letter, he objects to a statement made early in the communication that "disease is most likely to be understood and ultimately controlled if it is approached as a phenomenon." The statement is excerpted from a sentence which continues, "and since patients and problems must be selected on the basis of the clinician's interest, it became obvious that the medical teacher is primarily a student of problems and a trainer of men." This was a description of the reform in undergraduate medical education which Flexner described. The first part of the sentence about which Dr. Rosenman builds his letter is taken out of context and obviously is not understood by him. The point of this historical development is that the clinician, who is primarily a teacher, was not to be burdened with routine service activity which could be
Beneficial effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers in patients undergoing primary PCI for cardiogenic shock
Authors: Mauro Moscucci, David Share, Michael O'Donnell, Anthony C. DeFranco, William L. Meengs, Ann Maxwell-Eward, John G. McGinnity, Kirit Patel, Eva Kline-Rogers, Diane Bondie, Vivian L. Clark, Dean E. Smith, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Authors: A. Muraro, G. Roberts, M. Worm, M. B. Bilò, K. Brockow, M. Fernández Rivas, A. F. Santos, Z. Q. Zolkipli, A. Bellou, K. Beyer, C. Bindslev-Jensen, V. Cardona, A. T. Clark, P. Demoly, A. E. J. Dubois, A. DunnGalvin, P. Eigenmann, S. Halken, L. Harada, G. Lack, M. Jutel, B. Niggemann, F. Ruëff, F. Timmermans, B. J. Vlieg-Boerstra, T. Werfel, S. Dhami, S. Panesar, C. A. Akdis, A. Sheikh
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Anaphylaxis is a clinical emergency, and all healthcare professionals should be familiar with its recognition and acute and ongoing management. These guidelines have been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Taskforce on Anaphylaxis. They aim to provide evidence-based recommendations for the recognition, risk factor assessment, and the management of patients who are at risk of, are experiencing, or have experienced anaphylaxis. While the primary audience is allergists, these guidelines are also relevant to all other healthcare professionals. The development of these guidelines has been underpinned by two systematic reviews of the literature, both on the epidemiology and on clinical management of anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening condition whose clinical diagnosis is based on recognition of a constellation of presenting features. First-line treatment for anaphylaxis is intramuscular adrenaline. Useful second-line interventions may include removing the trigger where possible, calling for help, correct positioning of the patient, high-flow oxygen, intravenous fluids, inhaled short-acting bronchodilators, and nebulized adrenaline. Discharge arrangements should involve an assessment of the risk of further reactions, a management plan with an anaphylaxis emergency action plan, and, where appropriate, prescribing an adrenaline auto-injector. If an adrenaline auto-injector is prescribed, education on when and how to use the device should be provided. Specialist follow-up is essential to investigate possible triggers, to perform a comprehensive risk assessment, and to prevent future episodes by developing personalized risk reduction strategies including, where possible, commencing allergen immunotherapy. Training for the patient and all caregivers is essential. There are still many gaps in the evidence base for anaphylaxis.
Abstract 5470: LKB1 loss sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer cells to aggravation of ER stress
Authors: Landon J. Inge, Jacqueline M. Friel, Aaron Fowler, Amanda Richer, Timothy Whitsett, Nhan L. Tran, Ross M. Bremner
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Five-year survival rates for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have seen minimal improvement despite aggressive therapy with standard chemotherapeutic agents, indicating a need for new treatment approaches. Studies show inactivating mutations to the LKB1 tumor suppressor are common in NSCLC and are concurrent with activating mutations to the KRas oncogene. Genetic and mechanistic analyses of KRas/LKB1-null NSCLC tumors suggest these tumors are a phenotypically distinct subpopulation of NSCLC and the unique features of KRas/LKB1-null tumors have potential for therapeutic gain. In the exploration of the mechanism(s) behind increased cytotoxicity of KRas/LKB1-null NSCLC cells to 2-D-Deoxyglucose (2DG), we find that loss of LKB1 in NSCLC cells imparts increased sensitivity to pharmacological aggravation of ER stress. In a panel of NSCLC cell lines, LKB1 expression status correlated to differential expression of the ER stress markers, BiP and CHOP, with 2DG treatment. Treatment of isogenic LKB1-null NSCLC cells ectopically expressing LKB1 or a nonfunctional LKB1 with the ER stress activators, tunicamycin (Tm) or brefeldin A (BFA), revealed that expression of LKB1 increased cell viability and phosphorylation of AMPK. Conversely, isogenic LKB1-null NSCLC cells expressing nonfunctional LKB1 displayed increases in phosphorylation of the ER stress marker, eif2α and markers of ER stress mediated cell death (reactive oxygen species and cleaved caspase-9) following aggravation of ER stress with 2DG, Tm or BFA. The use of 2DG was effective in controlling the growth of KRas/LKB1-null tumors compared to KRas/LKB1-expressing tumors in transgenic NSCLC models and 2DG-treated KRas/LKB1-null NSCLC tumors displayed features consistent with 2DG treatment of in vitro KRas/LKB1-null NSCLC cell lines. Based upon these findings, we suggest that KRas/LKB1-null NSCLC tumors are more sensitive to pharmacological aggravation of ER stress and this approach has potential as a treatment for NSCLC patients whose tumors are defined as KRas/LKB1-null. Citation Format: Landon J. Inge, Jacqueline M. Friel, Aaron Fowler, Amanda Richer, Timothy Whitsett, Nhan L. Tran, Ross M. Bremner. LKB1 loss sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer cells to aggravation of ER stress. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5470. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5470
CONCERNING THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF EPISIOTOMY.
Authors: FRANK A. STAHL
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Nature teaches that she endeavors to establish a favorable relativity in size, axes and diameters between those of the mother and her parts, especially the pelvis, and those of the fetus and its parts. Where this is, there is the normal. When this favorable relativity is present and with long fetal part diameter to long pelvic diameter given the proper parturient power, there will be natural, unassisted or normal labor, without destruction or harmful adaptation of part to part; where otherwise, as long fetal part diameter to a shorter pelvic diameter there will be unnatural or abnormal labor, requiring corrective assistance either natural or artificial, be it at the superior strait, in the cavity or at the outlet; be it upon the mother's part or upon the fetus' parts, and as a result of such deviation, necessity has invented operations, such as the forceps, turning, Cæsarean section, embryotomy, and yielding
CHROMOSOME 21q21 SUBLOCALISATION OF GENE ENCODING BETA-AMYLOID PEPTIDE IN CEREBRAL VESSELS AND NEURITIC (SENILE) PLAQUES OF PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER DISEASE AND DOWN SYNDROME
Authors: NikolaosK. Robakis, HenrykM. Wisniewski, EdmundC. Jenkins, EvelynA. Devine-Gage, GeorgeE. Houck, Xiu-Lan Yao, Narayanarao Ramakrishna, Gloria Wolfe, WayneP. Silverman, W. Ted Brown
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Study on centralising acute stroke services provides no firm conclusions
Authors: M. P. Rudd
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The improvement in London and Manchester stroke services is important and has offered real clinical benefits to patients.1 However, several problems with the study of Morris and colleagues (and more broadly) limit the extent of the conclusion that increased centralisation of stroke (and other) services automatically improves clinical outcomes.

Comparing services in London and Manchester with those in the …
The Davies Report: The "Great Battle" in Swansea
Authors: N. Pfeffer
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Michael Davies Thoemmes, pounds sterling3.99, pp 139 ISBN 1 85506 366 2

Over the past few years, a number of stories have given rise to concerns about declining standards of propriety and accountability in public life. People working in what remains of the public sector have not been immune from criticism. The “new” NHS has been a source of scandal. There is a widespread belief that the internal market introduced values which undermine the public service ethos of those working within it. Paradoxically, although similar values have been introduced into universities, there have been relatively few allegations of …
Study of the Mechanism of Hyperlipemia
Authors: PETER T. KUO, ARTHUR F. WHEREAT, DAVID R. BASSETT, EZRA STAPLE
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The fatty acid patterns of the serum chylomicrons of 10 normal and 10 hyperlipemic subjects were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, before and after feedings of cream, corn oil, and coconut oil. Their depot fat composition was analyzed. Changes in the composition of the fasting serum chylomicrons of these hyperlipemic patients after they were stabilized on low fat, and rice and fruit diets were also studied. Upon a full American diet, after 12 hours of fasting, the fatty acid pattern of the very light serum chylomicrons of the hyperlipemic patients was found to reflect that of the ingested fats, consisting chiefly of a mixture of saturated animal fats. The effect of food fats was less evident in the heavier serum chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein fraction of these patients, where the pattern of endogenously synthesized fat predominated. A low-fat diet in eight of these patients caused a significant lowering of the serum chylomicron (triglyceride) concentration and a shift of chromatographic pattern of the very light serum chylomicrons toward that of the non-hyperlipemic subjects. It is apparent that the clearing of the exogenous fats from the serum permits the endogenous lipids to dominate the picture. A low caloric rice and fruit diet appeared to arouse a temporary acceleration in the mobilization of fat from the body depot in two patients. In these patients, the fatty acid composition of serum chylomicrons, the very low density lipoproteins, and the depot fat were found to be similar to one another. Dietary fat contributed directly to alimentary lipemia of the normal and diseased subjects. At or near the peak of alimentary lipemia, the composition of the very light serum chylomicrons of all subjects was found to be practically identical with the ingested fat. Alimentary lipemia of hyperlipemic patients was intensified and prolonged. A relative increase in oleic acid, together with an elevated oleic/stearic ratio has been reported in the serum chylomicrons of patients with coronary artery disease. The same findings occurred in our patients, when there was an increase (relative or absolute) in the very light serum chylomicrons, due either to excessive dietary fat intake or to increased mobilization of fat from the depot.
Abstract 171: EGCG enhances the therapeutic potential of gemcitabine and CP690550 (Tasocitinib) by inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway in human pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Su-Ni Tang, Junsheng Fu, Sharmila Shankar, Rakesh K. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogene, which promotes cell survival, proliferation, motility and progression in cancer cells. Targeting STAT3 signaling may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for human cancers. Here, we examined the effects of epigallocathechin gallate (EGCG) on STAT3 signaling in pancreatic cancer cells, and assessed the therapeutic potential of EGCG with gemcitabine or JAK3 inhibitor CP690550 (Tasocitinib) for the treatment and/or prevention of pancreatic cancer. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by XTT assay and TUNEL staining, respectively. Gene and protein expressions were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The results revealed that EGCG inhibited the expression of phospho and total JAK3 and STAT3, STAT3 transcription and activation, and the expression of STAT3-regulated genes, resulting in the inhibition of cell motility, migration and invasion, and the induction of caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. The inhibition of STAT3 enhanced the inhibitory effects of EGCG on cell motility and viability. Additionally, gemcitabine and CP690550 alone inhibited STAT3 target genes and synergized with EGCG to inhibit cell viability and induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Overall, these results suggest that EGCG suppresses the growth, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells, and induces apoptosis by interfering with the STAT3 signaling pathway. Moreover, it can be combined with other chemotherapeutic agents like gemcitabine and CP690550 for the treatment and/or prevention of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 171. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-171
Intermittent Catheterisation with Hydrophilic-Coated Catheters (SpeediCath) Reduces the Risk of Clinical Urinary Tract Infection in Spinal Cord Injured Patients: A Prospective Randomised Parallel Comparative Trial
Authors: D.J.M.K. De Ridder, K. Everaert, L. García Fernández, J.V. Forner Valero, A. Borau Durán, M.L. Jauregui Abrisqueta, M.G. Ventura, A. Rodriguez Sotillo
Journal: European Urology (2005)
[693] MICROARRAY ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATES INSULIN RESISTANCE IS CENTRAL TO NASH PATHOGENESIS IN THE IGT/6 MODEL AND SUGGESTS A ROLE FOR CEACAM-1 IN DISEASE PATHOGENESIS
Authors: Q.M. Anstee, M. Goldsworthy, R. Goldin, H.C. Thomas, R. Cox, M. Thursz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Philip Charles Fulford Dinkar Ghanekar Richard David Hoare David Thomas Lloyd-Hughes Rosalind Storey McGowan (nee Barclay) Joseph Vallance McKenzie Robert Harold Meara John Ross Munro Stanley Arthur O'Hagan Len Ratoff John Diarmuid Ryan Ivan Samson Durham Thomson Aubrey Joseph Wilson
Authors: I. J Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (2000)
Apatite-forming ability and mechanical properties of PTMO-modified CaO–SiO2 hybrids prepared by sol–gel processing: effect of CaO and PTMO contents
Authors: Noboru Miyata, Ken-ichi Fuke, Qi Chen, Masakazu Kawashita, Tadashi Kokubo, Takashi Nakamura
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)
Cardiac Iron Determines Cardiac T2*, T2, and T1 in the Gerbil Model of Iron Cardiomyopathy
Authors: John C. Wood, Maya Otto-Duessel, Michelle Aguilar, Hanspeter Nick, Marvin D. Nelson, Thomas D. Coates, Harvey Pollack, Rex Moats
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Transfusional therapy for thalassemia major and sickle cell disease can lead to iron deposition and damage to the heart, liver, and endocrine organs. Iron causes the MRI parameters T1, T2, and T2* to shorten in these organs, which creates a potential mechanism for iron quantification. However, because of the danger and variability of cardiac biopsy, tissue validation of cardiac iron estimates by MRI has not been performed. In this study, we demonstrate that iron produces similar T1, T2, and T2* changes in the heart and liver using a gerbil iron-overload model. Methods and Results— Twelve gerbils underwent iron dextran loading (200 mg · kg −1 · wk −1 ) from 2 to 14 weeks; 5 age-matched controls were studied as well. Animals had in vivo assessment of cardiac T2* and hepatic T2 and T2* and postmortem assessment of cardiac and hepatic T1 and T2. Relaxation measurements were performed in a clinical 1.5-T magnet and a 60-MHz nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometer. Cardiac and liver iron concentrations rose linearly with administered dose. Cardiac 1/T2*, 1/T2, and 1/T1 rose linearly with cardiac iron concentration. Liver 1/T2*, 1/T2, and 1/T1 also rose linearly, proportional to hepatic iron concentration. Liver and heart calibrations were similar on a dry-weight basis. Conclusions— MRI measurements of cardiac T2 and T2* can be used to quantify cardiac iron. The similarity of liver and cardiac iron calibration curves in the gerbil suggests that extrapolation of human liver calibration curves to heart may be a rational approximation in humans.
Gas Embolism in Hyaline-Membrane Disease
Authors: George A. Gregory, William H. Tooley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

POSITIVE-pressure ventilation is commonly used to support respiration in newly born infants with respiratory insufficiency. Recently, we encountered an infant with severe hyaline-membrane disease who died suddenly during ventilation. We believe the probable cause of death to be a pulmonary venous gas embolus, and report this case to alert others to its possible occurrence.Case ReportA 1700-gm male infant was born after 31 weeks' gestation to a 36-year-old, Rh-negative woman. The Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were 1 and 4 respectively. The child's trachea was intubated, and controlled positive-pressure ventilation begun. Catheters were placed in the descending . . .
Utility of magnetic resonance imaging versus histology for quantifying changes in liver fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease trials
Authors: Mazen Noureddin, Jessica Lam, Michael R. Peterson, Michael Middleton, Gavin Hamilton, Thuy-Anh Le, Ricki Bettencourt, Chris Changchien, David A. Brenner, Claude Sirlin, Rohit Loomba
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The magnetic resonance imaging-estimated proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) is a novel imaging-based biomarker that allows fat mapping of the entire liver, whereas the magnetic resonance spectroscopy-measured proton density fat fraction (MRS-PDFF) provides a biochemical measure of liver fat in small regions of interest. Cross-sectional studies have shown that MRI-PDFF correlates with MRS-PDFF. The aim of this study was to show the utility of MRI-PDFF in assessing quantitative changes in liver fat through a three-way comparison of MRI-PDFF and MRS-PDFF with the liver histology-determined steatosis grade at two time points in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fifty patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD who participated in a randomized trial underwent a paired evaluation with liver biopsy, MRI-PDFF, and MRS-PDFF at the baseline and 24 weeks. The mean age and body mass index were 47.8 ± 11.7 years and 30.7 ± 6.5 kg/m(2), respectively. MRI-PDFF showed a robust correlation with MRS-PDFF both at week 0 and at week 24 (r = 0.98, P < 0.0001 for both). Cross-sectionally, MRI-PDFF and MRS-PDFF increased with increases in the histology-determined steatosis grade both at week 0 and at week 24 (P < 0.05 for all). Longitudinally, patients who had a decrease (≥ 1%) or increase (≥ 1%) in MRI-PDFF (confirmed by MRS-PDFF) showed a parallel decrease or increase in their body weight and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels at week 24 (P < 0.05). This small increase or decrease in liver fat could not be quantified with histology.In this longitudinal study, MRI-PDFF correlated well with MRS-PDFF and was more sensitive than the histology-determined steatosis grade in quantifying increases or decreases in the liver fat content. Therefore, it could be used to quantify changes in liver fat in future clinical trials.