tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arterial Wave Reflections and Incident Cardiovascular Events and Heart Failure
Authors: Julio A. Chirinos, Jan G. Kips, David R. Jacobs, Lyndia Brumback, Daniel A. Duprez, Richard Kronmal, David A. Bluemke, Raymond R. Townsend, Sebastian Vermeersch, Patrick Segers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Just like that
Authors: Liam Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Bull Materia they called him, “The Breaker of Rocks.” His implacable courage and indomitable will had driven him headlong across jungle, mountain, and river, and he bestrode Africa like a colossus. Now, his quest at last concluded, he stepped forward to shake hands with the frail elderly man whom he had sought relentlessly for so long.

“Dr Livingstone, I presume,” he said, his voice thick with a legendary resonance of suppressed emotion and consummated longing. But the legend does not tell the …
Vitamin A Deficiency Among Children— Federated States of Micronesia, 2000
Authors: Engleberger L, Elymore J, Ngaden, Ishmael H, Neupane S
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The mean serum retinol of all children surveyed was 20.4 mcg/dL (18 mcg/dL in Kosrae and 22.9 mcg/dL in Yap).  The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among children was 48.8% and was higher in Kosrae (63.3%) than Yap (33.8%).  The prevalences of stunting (16.6%) wasting (3.8%) and anemia (11.2%) did not differ between the two states. VAD risk factors among children for both states combined included residence in Kosrae male sex household size (>8 persons) maternal income (no income) education (<8 years) maternal VAD type of first solid food (local food) given to the child anemia in children and vitamin A-rich plants (<2) grown in the garden.  (excerpt)
Abstract 5753: The Warranty Period of a Zero Calcium Score: 5-Year Serial Follow-Up of 422 Individuals by Non-Contrast Computed Tomography
Authors: James K Min, Jonathan W Weinsaft, David Gidseg, Tracy Q Callister
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Presence and severity of coronary artery calcium (CAC) by Agatston scoring is a well established index for stratification of cardiovascular prognosis. Absence of CAC is associated with excellent clinical prognosis. To date, for patients with baseline absence of CAC, rates of conversion to positive CAC (i.e., CAC&gt;0) and severity of CAC at the time of conversion is unknown. 9,838 asymptomatic individuals underwent CAC screening with multidetector row or electron-beam computed tomography. Within this cohort, 422 asymptomatic subjects (mean age 48.8±8.9 yrs; 52.1% male, 9% diabetes; 46.0% hypertension, 66% dyslipidemia, 32% smoker) with an initial baseline CAC Agatston score of zero agreed to undergo annual CAC screening for five consecutive years or until conversion to a positive CAC. 106 patients (25.1%) converted from no CAC to a positive CAC within the 5-year follow-up period (mean conversion time 4.08±1.10 yrs). No subject exhibited CAC conversion within the first year. Rates of CAC conversion were low in year 2 (2/422, 0.5%) and year 3 (5/420, 1.1%). No differences were noted for time to CAC conversion in patients with or without diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or tobacco use (p=NS for all). Similarly, time to CAC conversion was similar among male and female subjects (p=NS). However, subjects with diabetes (p=0.001), hypertension (p=0.02) and tobacco use (p&lt;0.0001) were more likely to transition from absence to presence of CAC during the entire study period, compared to non-diabetic, normotensive and non-smoking subjects. Furthermore, for subjects who exhibited conversion from absence to presence of CAC, Agatston CAC scores at the time of conversion were higher for diabetic (33.0 vs. 16.0, p=0.005) and hypertensive (24.3 vs. 12.4, p=0.001) subjects, compared to their non-diabetic and normotensive counterparts. In subjects with baseline absence of CAC, rates of conversion to positive CAC scores is low during five-year follow-up with rare conversion in the first three years. Conversion rates and severity of CAC at time of conversion is highest amongst individuals with diabetes, hypertension and tobacco use.
Developmental Exposure to Concentrated Ambient Particles and Preference for Immediate Reward in Mice
Authors: Joshua L. Allen, Katherine Conrad, Günter Oberdörster, Carl J. Johnston, Brianna Sleezer, Deborah A. Cory-Slechta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Recent epidemiological studies indicate negative associations between a diverse group of air pollutants and cognitive functioning in children and adults, and aspects of attention deficit in children. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are two putative biological mechanisms by which air pollutants may adversely affect the brain.Objectives: We sought to determine whether exposure to concentrated ambient particulate matter (CAPS) during the first 2 weeks of life, alone or again in adulthood, could alter responding for delayed reward, a critical component of human decision making. Greater preference for immediate reward has been implicated as a component of several psychiatric disorders, addiction, obesity, and attention deficit.Methods: C57BL/6J mice were exposed to ultrafine particles (< 100 nm in aerodynamic diameter; CAPS) using the Harvard University Concentrated Ambient Particle System (HUCAPS) or filtered air in the postnatal period (days 4–7 and 10–13) with and without adult exposure over days 56–60. In adulthood, delay behavior was assessed using a fixed-ratio waiting-for-reward (FR wait) paradigm in which 25 responses (FR25) were required to initiate the waiting-for-reward component during which mice obtained "free" sucrose pellets with the stipulation that these "free" pellets were delivered at increasing delay intervals.Results: Coupled with increased FR response rates, mice exposed to postnatal CAPS displayed increased FR resets that reinstated short delays, indicating a preference for shorter delays, despite the added response cost of the FR25. No associated changes in locomotor activity were observed.Conclusions: Postnatal CAPS exposure produces an enhanced bias towards immediate rewards, a risk factor for several central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This enhancement does not appear to be the result of hyperactivity. The findings underscore the need for further evaluation of air pollution effects on the CNS and its potential contribution to CNS diseases and disorders.
Abstract 12872: External Stenting for Tracheobronchomalacia Associated With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Yuki Nakamoto, Makoto Ando, Hisaya Hasegawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is a disease of symptomatic obstruction of tracheal or bronchial portions either related to congenital instability or secondary to vascular compression. Patients with TBM associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) often remain difficult to manage after cardiac surgery, requiring prolonged artificial respiratory support. Under these circumstances, several treatments such as aortopexy, internal stenting, or high positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation, have been attempted, although satisfactory results have not been obtained. In 2008, we started the external stenting technique using a ringed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft, and we have treated 39 patients with this technique. We review the results of our experience with external stenting for TBM in children. Methods: Clinical records of 42 procedures in 39 patients with TBM, who underwent external stenting in our institute from February 2008 to March 2014, were reviewed. The diagnosis of TBM was made by bronchoscopy or enhanced computed tomography. Results: Etiology of the tracheobronchial obstruction included primary TBM in 10 cases (25.6%), congenital vascular compression in 14 (35.9%), and postoperative vascular compression in 15 (38.5%). Preoperatively, 30 patients (76.9%) were failure to wean from ventilation, 9 (23.1%) were performed tracheotomy, and 5 (12.8%) were performed aortopexy. Forty-six stents were placed in 39 children, 22 boys and 17 girls, with a median age of 7 months (range, 1 months - 6 years). Sixteen stents were placed in the trachea, 25 were placed in the left main bronchus, and 5 were placed in the right main bronchus. Stenosis-free tracheobronchial expansion was achieved in 38 (97.4%) patients. Thirty five (89.7%) patients were successfully weaned from respirator, and 36 (92.3%) discharged from a hospital. Complications of the operation occurred in 4 (9.5%) of the 42 procedures. One patient died of a perioperative bleeding. Three patients were necessitated their stent removals due to bronchial perforation, bronchial stenosis, and pulmonary venous obstruction. Conclusions: External stenting seems to be extremely useful in the treatment of intractable TBM associated with CHD.
Body dysmorphic disorder: 30 cases of imagined ugliness
Authors: K A Phillips, S L McElroy, P E Keck, H G Pope, J I Hudson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

Body dysmorphic disorder, preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance, is included in DSM-III-R but has received little empirical study. The authors investigated the demographics, phenomenology, course, associated psychopathology, family history, and response to treatment in a series of 30 patients with the disorder.The patients (including 12 whose preoccupation was of probable delusional intensity) were assessed with a semistructured interview and the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, and their family histories were obtained.The 17 men and 13 women reported a lifetime average of four bodily preoccupations, most commonly "defects" of the hair, nose, and skin. The average age at onset of body dysmorphic disorder was 15 years, and the average duration was 18 years. Seventy-three percent of the patients reported associated ideas or delusions of reference; 73%, excessive mirror checking; and 63%, attempts to camouflage their "deformities." As a result of their symptoms, 97% avoided usual social and occupational activities, 30% had been housebound, and 17% had made suicide attempts. Ninety-three percent of the patients had an associated lifetime diagnosis of a major mood disorder; 33%, a psychotic disorder; and 73%, an anxiety disorder. The patients generally responded poorly to surgical, dermatologic, and dental treatments and to adequate trials of most psychotropic medications, with the exception of fluoxetine and clomipramine (to which more than half had a complete or partial response).This often secret, chronic disorder can cause considerable distress and impairment, may be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder or mood disorder, and may respond to serotonin reuptake-blocking antidepressants.
Protein-calorie malnutrition in a community hospital
Authors: M. D. Willard
Journal: JAMA (1980)

An assessment of protein-calorie status was performed on 200 consecutive adult nonobstetric admissions to a private hospital from two group family practices. Anthropometric measurements, serum albumin level, and total lymphocyte count were determined at admission and weekly if the patient remained in the hospital. Nonnutritional factors affecting muscle protein stores and serum albumin level were taken into account. A total of 63 patients (31.5%) were found to be malnourished. The most common conditions associated with decreased protein stores were hypoxic cardiopulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disease, neuromuscular or arthritic impairment, organic brain syndrome, and febrile illness. Although nonnutritional factors accounted for many instances of protein depletion, especially milder degrees of depletion, nevertheless protein calorie malnutrition was highly prevalent in this population. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1720-1722, 1980)
Odk-1201, One-Step RT-qPCR Major BCR-ABL/ABL mRNA Kit for the International Scale, with High Sensitivity to Detect Deeper MR
Authors: Itaru Matsumura, Hirohisa Nakamae, Chikashi Yoshida, Linda Fletcher, Susan Branford, Daisuke Koga, Takayuki Sogabe, Yuzuru Kanakura, Tomoki Naoe
Journal: Blood (2014)
Prospective study of aplastic anaemia should give definitive answer
Authors: E C Gordon-Smith, J C W Marsh, C G Geary
Journal: BMJ (1995)

blood dyscrasias, including 12 of aplastic anaemia, possibly related to topical administration of chloramphenicol have been registered at the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects in the United States.2The duration of treatment ranged from 18 to 1460 days (median 120 days).Doona and Walsh affirm that framycetin and fusidic acid are equally effective.These agents do not cover the wide range of bacterial pathogens implicated in eye infections, and when used alone they promote rapid emergence of resistance.Fusidic acid is an antistaphylococcal agent, and
Abstract 3821: Mesp1 Mediates Cardiovascular Differentiation By Dkk-1 Driven Inhibition Of Wnt-signaling And Is A Suitable Tool For Isolation Of Es Cell Derived Cardiovascular Progenitors
Authors: Robert David
Journal: Circulation (2008)

We have recently shown that MesP1 is a cardiac key transcription factor sufficient to induce ectopic beating heart tissue. MesP1 overexpression in ES cells results in significantly increased cardiovasculogenesis. Our results revealed a prominent function of MesP1 within a gene regulatory cascade causing Dkk-1 mediated blockage of wnt signalling. MesP1 may become a tool to preprogram ES cells for cardiac cell therapy and tissue engineering. In addition to directed differentiation, future cardiac cell therapy strategies will require protocols for a high-yield isolation of specific cell types to avoid the hazard of teratoma and tumor formation. Therefore we have developed a method for magnetic cell sorting (MACS) of ES cells expressing a human CD4 surface marker lacking its intracellular domain (ΔCD4) under control of transgenic promoters. Here we show that the MACS system can successfully be transferred to a MesP1 promoter-ΔCD4 construct. After transfection into murine ES cells several stable clones were obtained in which the time course of ΔCD4-expression revealed a peak at days two and three of differentiation. Using MACS we were able to enrich this population to purities of over 97%. The MACS-positive fractions showed a strong enrichment of the endogenous murine MesP1 mRNA confirming the functionality of our construct. In reaggregation experiments after MACS we verified the viability of the sorted cells which could be further propagated in their primitive differentiation state in the presence of LIF. After LIF withdrawal subsequent spontaneous beating activity was approximately 10 fold increased. This effect is reflected by an upregulation of cardiovascular mRNAs and on the protein level (FACS) by a 3 to 10 fold increased appearance of TroponinI, α-MHC and CD31 expressing cells. The cardiomyocytes revealed normal expression patterns of sarcomeric proteins. Whole Cell Patch Clamp analyses showed action potentials characteristic for early type cardiomyocytes corresponding to embryonic hearts at ED 10. These results suggest that cardiovascular progenitor cells can be selected from ES cells via MACS purification based on MesP1 promoter driven ΔCD4 expression. These cells are predestined for cell transplantation and tissue engineering approaches.
Abstract 3493: Disulfiram a dual mgmt and aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor sensitizes pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine and abraxane
Authors: George C. Bobustuc, Alisher Holmuhamedov, Kalkunte S. Srivenugopal, Jacob C. Frick, JAMES L. WEESE, Santhi D. Konduri
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: O6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is overexpressed in a majority of cancers, including pancreatic cancer. MGMT has been the focus of significant research for its role in the repair of DNA damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase as a progenitor/stem cell marker has been linked to chemotherapy and radiation resistance. Methods: We tested the administration of Antabuse (disulfiram, DSF) at nontoxic doses in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) and Abraxane (ABX) on pancreatic cancer cells. Results: DSF at very low doses (achievable in human serum with standard DSF clinical dosing) decreases pancreatic cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. DSF further sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to GEM and ABX and significantly inhibits pancreatic cancer growth without causing unwanted side effects to the normal pancreatic cells. Dose effect and isobologram studies confirm synergistic activity of DSF and ABX combination and moderate synergism for DSF and GEM combination. DSF, either alone or in combination with GEM (DSF ± GEM) and/or ABX (DSF ± ABX), significantly inhibits expression of MGMT, aldehyde dehydrogenase, antigen Ki-67 and BIRC5 gene (survivin) - all involved in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis. DSF+/-GEM+/-ABX induces the expression of p21Cip1, a cell cycle inhibitor. We show an inverse correlation between aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and MGMT expression, where MGMT expression is high, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is low and where aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is high, MGMT levels were low. The ALDH3A1 expression is significantly higher in highly metastatic cancer cells (L3.6pl) compared to other metastatic cancer cells (PANC1, Mia PaCa2, ASPC1). We further report that in our model DSF at very low doses (achievable in human serum with standard DSF clinical dosing) effectively inhibits both aldehyde dehydrogenase and MGMT in pancreatic cancer cells. DSF also induces caspase activation indicative of mitochondrial induced apoptosis in these cells. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that DSF as dual inhibitor of MGMT and aldehyde dehydrogenase potentially provides a novel therapeutic approach to inhibiting pancreatic cancer growth/metastasis and synergistically enhances GEM and ABX activity. Citation Format: George C. Bobustuc, Alisher Holmuhamedov, Kalkunte S. Srivenugopal, Jacob C. Frick, JAMES L. WEESE, Santhi D. Konduri. Disulfiram a dual mgmt and aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor sensitizes pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine and abraxane. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3493. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3493
The methyl esterification of PCNA in reponse to DNA damage
Authors: Derek Hoelz, Lacey Dobrolecki, Randy Arnold, Milos Novotny, Justin Wiseman, R Cooks, Lauren Schnaper, Robert Hickey, Linda Malkas
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

2821 

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) has been described as a “ringmaster” of the genome because of its essential roles in DNA replication and repair. Interestingly, in addition to DNA replication and repair PCNA is involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis and interacts with <20 proteins. Because of these abundant interactions, the post-translational modification of PCNA has been implicated for many years, and reports of phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation have surfaced in efforts to explain how this complex molecule can function in so many processes. Recently, we performed the first detailed structural analysis of a specific PCNA isoform found in malignant cells and found that this isoform did not harbor these modifications, but instead showed the presence of fairly novel post-translational modification, methyl esterification. Consistent with this modification, we have also observed a charge shift for PCNA following DNA damage by 2D electrophoresis and have identified a corresponding increase in PCNA-dependent carboxyl methyl transferase activity in cell extracts following DNA damage. Taken together this data supports the presence of a unique signaling mechanism occurring malignant cells. Using LC-MS/MS techniques, we will elucidate the structural differences to PCNA following DNA damage both in vitro and in vivo using a metabolic labeling/SILAC approach. Additionally, progress into the identification of enzyme(s) responsible for methyl esterifying PCNA in response to DNA damage and their potential as a therapeutic targets will be discussed.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in late-life schizophrenia
Authors: J Corey-Bloom, T Jernigan, S Archibald, M J Harris, D V Jeste
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

This study compared morphometric analyses of brain regions in elderly subjects with early- or late-onset schizophrenia to identify structural abnormalities responsible for schizophrenia.Quantitative analyses of magnetic resonance images of the brain were performed in 16 patients with DSM-III-R-diagnosed late-onset schizophrenia (i.e., onset after age 45), 14 patients with early-onset schizophrenia, and 28 normal comparison subjects, all of whom were over the age of 45. The three groups were similar in age, sex, education, and handedness.The groups differed significantly in ventricular and thalamic volumes. The patients with late-onset schizophrenia had significantly larger ventricles than the normal comparison subjects and significantly larger thalamic volumes than the patients with early-onset schizophrenia. There were no significant linear correlations between thalamic volume and age at onset, duration of illness, or mean current neuroleptic dose.Differences in thalamic volume may account for the putative disruption in thalamofrontal ciruitry in schizophrenia.
The Report of a Case of Early Hodgkin's Disease Secondarily Infected with a Strain of Pathogenic Monilia
Authors: Samuel R. Haythorn, George H. Robinson, Lloyd Johnson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 July 1932The Report of a Case of Early Hodgkin's Disease Secondarily Infected with a Strain of Pathogenic MoniliaSAMUEL R. HAYTHORN, M.D., F.A.C.P., GEORGE H. ROBINSON, Ph.D., LLOYD JOHNSON, M.D.SAMUEL R. HAYTHORN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, GEORGE H. ROBINSON, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, LLOYD JOHNSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-1-72 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe patient concerned in this report was a man 70 years of age who presented an unusual combination of clinical and pathological findings. The diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease was based entirely on the microscopic changes and was not suspected during life or from the gross findings at autopsy. The outstanding features of the case were inflammatory lesions of the lungs and spleen and the isolation of a pathogenic strain of monilia. The unusual lung lesions were found microscopically to be nodules of organizing pneumonia through which numerous large cells of the "Dorothy Reed" type were distributed, and which we interpreted...Reference1 FARAH N: Observations on Castellani's bronchomoniliasis, with report of a case with pneumonic onset and a peculiar clinical aspect, Jr. Trop. Med., 1923, xxvi, 1-5. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pittsburgh, Pa.*From the William H. Singer Memorial Research Laboratory and the Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa. Received for publication, September 18, 1931. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byClinical Examination and Investigation of the Heart 1 July 1932Volume 6, Issue 1Page: 72-81KeywordsCandidaCellsHodgkin lymphomaInfectious diseasesLesionsLungsPathogensPneumoniaResearch laboratoriesSpleen ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1932 PDF downloadLoading ...
A memorable patient: Blind in more ways than one
Authors: N. Goenka
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Much has been said said about race relations recently in the media. Also the topic of “racism in the NHS” has always been a popular subject for the medical press to write about. As a British Asian doctor, however, who has grown up and been educated in this country, I can remember having experienced racism only during one moment in my medical career. …