tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of preventive treatment for tuberculosis in adults infected with HIV: systematic review of randomised placebo controlled trials
Authors: D. Wilkinson, S B Squire, P. Garner
Journal: BMJ (1998)

During a 10-year period (1970-79) all patients in Uppsala County found to have pleural changes related to asbestos exposure were followed. The lesions could be divided into four types: parietal pleural plaques, exudative pleurisy, thickening of the visceral pleura, and progressive pleural fibrosis. There were 891 cases. The most common type was parietal plaques, which was seen in 827 patients, some of whom later developed other changes. In 22 types exudation was proven radiologically, and in 84 more cases obliteration of the costo-phrenic angle was seen. The exudations almost all had a benign course, despite sometimes fairly large and bloody effusions. They were practically all symptom-free, being a surprise finding on chest radiography. Thickening of the visceral pleura can only be seen radiologically in the fissures and occurred in a few cases in addition to other changes. In a small group of more heavily exposed individuals, a progressive pleural fibrosis developed, sometimes after an initial effusion.
DANGEROUS PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE IN TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS MANAGEMENT.
Authors: NORMAN BRIDGE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Pulmonary hemorrhage, besides being sometimes dangerous, and occasionally fatal, is always a terror to the patient. When produced by tuberculosis the patient is always looking for recurrences and is apprehensive, although small hemorrhages are, in such cases, useful and dangerless. The patient can never know that a slight oozing of blood may not suddenly develop into an alarming hemorrhage. You may assure him, in the most positive manner, that his little hemorrhage is a very useful thing, and that those who frequently have such are more likely to recover than others, but as soon as he begins to expectorate color, he will be seized with fear. It is important, therefore, to have patients, as well as their nurses and friends, informed as to the nature of pulmonary hemorrhage; as to the rational things that may be done for it in case it is severe, and to do the things, if
Bruce Henry Davies
Authors: David Hughes, Roger Higson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Bruce Henry Davies was educated at King Alfred's School in north London, a progressive private school where his father was the deputy head, followed by medical school at University College London and then University College Hospital from 1976 to 1981, where he established an intellectual, sartorial, and culinary style that was peculiar to him.

After initial house jobs in Northallerton and Northampton he permanently migrated north, …
US judge halts compulsory anthrax vaccination for soldiers
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A US federal judge has ordered the Department of Defense to halt compulsory anthrax vaccination of soldiers, saying that the Food and Drug Administration violated its own rules by failing to seek public comment before approving the vaccine.

The Pentagon began a programme to inoculate 2.4 million troops in 1998, and so far 1.2 million have received the shot. But more than 500 members of the armed forces have been disciplined or court-martialled for refusing it. One soldier received a seven month prison sentence.

Six unnamed …
Silent ischemia in unstable angina is related to an altered cardiac norepinephrine handling.
Authors: G G Neri Serneri, M Boddi, L Arata, C Rostagno, P Dabizzi, M Coppo, M Bini, S Lazzerini, A Dagianti, G F Gensini
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Inferential evidence suggests that silent ischemia might be related to sympathetic activity. Study of [3H]norepinephrine kinetics is a suitable tool to assess the regional sympathetic activity. This method was applied to investigate whether silent myocardial ischemia in unstable angina is related to and depends on cardiac sympathetic overactivity. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with active unstable angina were compared with patients with inactive unstable angina, stable effort angina, and controls. Silent myocardial ischemia was evaluated by three 24-hour Holter monitoring periods on alternate days, and [3H]norepinephrine kinetics was assessed under rest conditions and following the cold pressor test. Simultaneously, catecholamine concentrations were measured in the aortic, coronary sinus, and peripheral venous blood. Different than the other groups (p = 0.0013), in patients with active unstable angina, the majority of silent ischemic episodes occurred without increase in heart rate. These patients had a positive coronary sinus-aorta norepinephrine gradient, both at rest and following the cold pressor test. [3H]Norepinephrine kinetics demonstrated an increased selective cardiac spillover, both at rest and, even more, after the cold pressor test. Reduced cardiac [3H]norepinephrine extraction also was found. A significant relation was found between the number of ischemic episodes or the overall duration of silent ischemia and norepinephrine spillover, both at rest and following cold application. CONCLUSIONS During the acute phase of unstable angina (but not in the quiescent phase or in stable effort angina), a disorder in cardiac norepinephrine handling occurs. This results in a reflex cardiac sympathetic overactivity that plays a major role in the occurrence of silent myocardial ischemia.
Cardiac abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus. Association with raised anticardiolipin antibodies.
Authors: P Nihoyannopoulos, P M Gomez, J Joshi, S Loizou, M J Walport, C M Oakley
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were prospectively performed in 93 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to discover the incidence and spectrum of cardiac abnormalities and to relate these findings to the presence of high levels of anticardiolipin antibodies. Assessment of the intracardiac anatomy was also performed in an additional 12 patients who had increased anticardiolipin antibody levels but did not have SLE. Fifty patients (54%) with SLE had cardiac abnormalities, and 43 patients (46%) had normal hearts. Three categories of cardiac abnormalities were identified--valvular lesions, ranging from vegetations to valvular thickening, were found in 28%, pericardial effusion or thickening was found in 20%, and regional or global left ventricular dysfunction was found in 5%. High levels of anticardiolipin antibodies were detected in 50 patients (54%) with SLE. Of those, only 11 (22%) had an entirely normal heart, whereas the remaining 39 (78%) had at least one cardiac abnormality (valvular lesions in 20, pericardial effusion in 15, and myocardial dysfunction in five patients). In patients with SLE, the presence of abnormal intracardiac anatomy was strongly associated with increased levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (p less than 0.0001). The overall sensitivity and specificity of high levels of anticardiolipin antibodies in the prediction of cardiac abnormalities was 78% and 74%, respectively, with a positive predictive accuracy of 78% and a negative predictive accuracy of 74%. Eight of the 12 patients (67%) who had increased anticardiolipin antibodies but whose disease did not fulfill the American Rheumatism Association classification criteria for SLE had cardiac abnormalities similar to those in patients with SLE compared with only four (33%) who had normal hearts (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Unraveling the spectrum of left bundle branch block in acute myocaridal infarction: Insights from ASSENT 3
Authors: Hassam F. Al-Faleh, Yuling Fu, Galen S. Wagner, Shaun G. Goodman, E. Sgarbossa, Christopher B. Granger, Frans J. ban de Werf, Lars Wallentin, Paul W. Armstrong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Developed world is robbing Africa of health staff: There are no easy answers
Authors: Nuhu Usman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Many doctors from developing countries leave their homelands and practices with the aim of acquiring knowledge and going back to practise in their countries—except for people fleeing from persecution.1

While working in your own country you were used to fashioning a chest drain from a discarded drip set; you had to buy the …
B cell therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: the rituximab (anti-CD20) experience
Authors: T Shaw
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex condition that is well characterised by chronic inflammation in the synovial membrane of affected joints, often with systemic manifestations. Yet the aetiology and precise pathogenesis of RA remain unclear. It has been postulated that there are multiple exogenous and/or endogenous antigenic triggers, which act on a predisposed genetic background to initiate a self perpetuating series of autoimmune responses in the synovial compartment, which are expressed as the signs and symptoms of RA.

The traditional principles of the treatment of RA are empirical. The use of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the control of pain and inflammation is combined with disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment to slow the processes that result in joint destruction in RA, shown by radiological changes, anatomical deformities, and joint dysfunction. The conventional mainstays of DMARD treatment include antimalarial drugs, sulfasalazine, and methotrexate.

To elucidate the aetiology and pathogenesis of RA much attention has been focused on the putative effects on the continuing inflammatory process of different synovial cell populations, including macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, T cells, and B cells,1 and on the influence of numerous cytokines. Studies have led to the development and introduction into clinical practice of treatments directed towards limiting these inflammatory driving effects. Such treatments include anti-tumour necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα) drugs (etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab) and interleukin based treatments (anakinra). Although these treatments have been shown to be very effective, they do not work in all patients. In recent years there has been growing interest in, and enhanced understanding of, the contribution of B cells to the immunopathogenesis of RA. This article will briefly review the potential role of B cells in RA and the current evidence that B cell therapy is a promising approach in its treatment.

The precise contribution of …
HIGH DOSE 111IN-PENTETREOTIDE: IS THERE RADIOLYSIS?
Authors: G. J. Drouant, S. H. Hughey, C. A. Anthony, J. A. Fuselier, J. Nelson, S. Gulec, R. Books, R. Hoover, T. Maloney, T. Boothe, E. A. Woltering
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
US Government Inquiry Bodies Dismiss Scientific Misconduct Charges Against AIDS Researchers
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE TWO longest-standing cases of scientific misconduct have been shelved. One case, that of Mikulas Popovic, MD, was dismissed by a Department of Health and Human Services appeals board after holding a hearing on the charges; in the second case, that of Robert Gallo, MD, the misconduct charges have been dropped by the Office of Research Integrity (ORI). Both scientists worked on AIDS and other research at the Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology of the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md. Gallo is the head of the laboratory. Even as the ORI announced that it was dropping its charges of misconduct by Gallo on the grounds that it would have been, it says, "extraordinarily difficult" to win the case—although Congress may decide to reinvestigate the entire matter—lawyers for the Pasteur Institute in France announced that they intend to continue their efforts to obtain a higher percentage of the royalties from the
Abstract 4974: Myc-mediated suppression of the AU-binding protein Tristetraprolin controls <i>Vegf</i> expression
Authors: Robert J. Rounbehler, Weimin Li, Mohammad Fallahi, John L. Cleveland
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The c-Myc oncoprotein is a transcription factor that drives cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis during tumor development. Myc binds to target genes harboring preferred E-boxes to induce their expression, but this response only explains a fraction of the biological responses controlled by Myc. In human Burkitt lymphoma and the B cells and lymphomas of Eµ-Myc transgenic mice, a mouse model of Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Myc induces the expression of Vegf mRNA. Surprisingly, we found that Myc does not bind to the E-boxes found within the Vegf promoter, but rather induces this cytokine by stabilizing its Vegf transcripts. One mechanism that controls the stabilization of Vegf mRNA is the binding of AU-binding proteins (AUBPs) to AU-rich elements (AREs) found in the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of Vegf mRNA. AREs are present in the 3′ UTRs of approximately 10% of all human genes, including those encoding most of the angiogenic cytokines. Strikingly, expression profiling revealed that Myc regulates ∼30% of ARE-containing genes in human BL and in Eμ-Myc lymphomas. Interestingly, the expression of several AUBPs is altered in premalignant Eμ-Myc B cells, and Myc directly suppresses the expression of the RNA-destabilizing factor Tristetraprolin (TTP). These findings therefore suggest that Myc regulates Vegf expression indirectly, by down-regulating TTP. To directly test the importance of Myc-mediated repression of TTP, we developed Eμ-TTP transgenic mice, to enforce the expression of TTP in the B cells of Eμ-Myc mice. We predict uncoupling Myc's ability to repress TTP will delay tumor development by impairing Vegf expression and thus blocking the angiogenic response. These data provide a novel mechanism whereby Myc indirectly regulates hundreds of ARE-containing genes through the regulation of AUBPs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4974.
Influential Ideas and Experimental Progress in Schizophrenia Genetics Research
Authors: Alan R. Sanders
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Studies on human platelet protease activity
Authors: Ralph L. Nachman, Barbara Ferris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

SOLUBILIZED PROTEIN DERIVED FROM HUMAN PLATELETS WAS FRACTIONATED BY DEAE CELLULOSE COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ANALYZED FOR PROTEASE ACTIVITY USING THREE SUBSTRATES: denatured bovine hemoglobin, alpha casein, and purified plasminogen-free human fibrinogen. A protein fraction was found with proteolytic activity which was heat labile and not attributable to plasmin. The activity was not potentiated by cysteine or inhibited by iodoacetamide. Studies of pH optima indicated a broad range of enzyme activity with peaks in both the acid and alkaline region. Cathepsin A activity was detected in the platelet protease fraction by hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate N-carbobenzoxy-alpha-L-glutamyl-L-tyrosine. Similar proteolytic activity was found when the proteins derived from isolated platelet granules were examined. The results indicate that human platelets possess potent intracellular proteolytic enzymes. The relationship of this proteolytic activity to the hemostatic process is discussed.
Duty Hour Reforms in Europe and the United States
Authors: Daniel T. Holsgrove
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nebulisead Sodium Cromoglycate in the Treatment of Wheezy Bronchitis A Multicentre Double‐Blind Placebo Controlled Study
Authors: A. Bertelsen, J. B. Andersen, P. Busch, P. Daugbjerg, B. Friis, L. Hansen, S. V. Jacobsen, I. Pelck, W. Petersen, P. Prahl, O. ØSterballe, G. Z. ØStergaard
Journal: Allergy (1986)

The efficacy of nebulised sodium cromoglycate (SCG)used as a prophylactic treatment of wheezy bronchitis aged 1 to 4 years was evaluated in a Multicentre double blind placebo), preceded by 4–8 weeks baseline. Nebulished SCG did not prove significantly superior to placebo in reducing day wheezing, day coughing, or sleep disturbance due to wheezing or coughing at night. Neither was there significant difference in the use of supportive medicine (β 2 ‐agonist and preference did not show significant difference either.
Effects of dilutional hyponatremia on brain organic osmolytes and water content in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Tea Restuccia, Beatriz Gómez-Ansón, Mónica Guevara, Carlo Alessandria, Aldo Torre, Elena M. Alayrach, Carlos Terra, Marta Martín, Magda Castellví, Lorena Rami, Aitor Sainz, Pere Ginès, Vicente Arroyo
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

In advanced cirrhosis there is a reduction in the brain concentration of many organic osmolytes, particularly myo-inositol (MI). Hyponatremia could theoretically aggravate these changes as a result of hypo-osmolality of the extracellular fluid. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hyponatremia on brain organic osmolytes and brain water content in cirrhosis. Brain organic osmolytes, measured by 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and brain water content, as estimated by magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and measurement of brain volume were determined in 14 patients with dilutional hyponatremia, 10 patients without hyponatremia, and eight healthy subjects. Patients with hyponatremia had remarkable lower levels of MI compared with values in nonhyponatremic patients and healthy subjects. Brain MI levels correlated directly with serum sodium and osmolality. Serum sodium was the only independent predictor of low brain MI levels. Serum sodium also correlated directly with other brain organic osmolytes, such as choline-containing compounds, creatine/phosphocreatine, and N -acetyl-aspartate. By contrast, brain glutamine/glutamate levels were higher in patients with cirrhosis compared with values in healthy subjects and correlated with plasma ammonia levels but not with serum sodium or osmolality. No significant differences were found in MTR values and cerebral volumes between patients with and without hyponatremia. In conclusion , dilutional hyponatremia in cirrhosis is associated with remarkable reductions in brain organic osmolytes that probably reflect compensatory osmoregulatory mechanisms against cell swelling triggered by a combination of high intracellular glutamine and low extracellular osmolality. These findings may be relevant to the pathogenesis of encephalopathy in hyponatremic patients. (Hepatology 2004;39:1613-1622.)
P2-12-23: How Should We Assess Tumour Size (T Stage) in Patients with Multicentric/Multifocal Breast Cancer? Results from the NCIC CTG MA.5 Randomized Trial of CEF vs. CMF in Pre-Menopausal Women with Node Positive Breast Cancer.
Authors: N Bouganim, B Dong, JF Hilton, J-AW Chapman, A Arnaout, F O'Malley, T Nielsen, K Gelmon, R Yerushalmi, M Levine, V Bramwell, T Whelan, KI Pritchard, L Shepherd, M Clemons
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background A common clinical conundrum in breast cancer management is whether pathologic T stage in women with multicentric or multifocal disease should be taken as the diameter of the largest focus or as the sum of all foci in the breast. Most staging systems, such as the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), simply use the largest tumour focus for staging. We examine here the impact of alternate methods of estimating tumour size including measures of total tumour size, volume and surface area. Methods: NCIC CTG MA.5 is a randomized trial of CEF versus CMF in pre-menopausal women with node positive breast cancer. Median follow up is 10 years. Pathologically reported patient tumour dimensions for up to 3 foci were utilized to examine the effects of tumour size on Breast-Cancer-Free-Interval (BCFI). BCFI is defined as the time from randomization until recurrence: first local invasive or DCIS, regional, distant, contralateral invasive or DCIS. Tumour size was estimated as 1) pathologic T stage as per AJCC criteria; 2) largest dimension of largest tumour focus (cm); 3) sum of largest dimension(s) of tumour foci (cm); 4) sum of surface area(s) of tumour foci (cm2), and 5) sum of volume of tumour foci (cm3). Step-wise forward unstratified Cox regression was used to assess the different effects of tumour size. Results: This study accrued 710 patients, 37% with T1 tumours, 52% with T2 tumours and 9% with T3 tumours; 61% had 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes. 59% hormone receptor positive. Higher pathologic T stage (p=0.001) and greater surface area (p=0.02) were associated with shorter BCFI, as was lymphovascular invasion (p=0.03), and # of lymph nodes involved (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Administration of anthracycline therapy led to significantly longer BCFI (0.003). The sum of largest tumour sizes (p=0.33) and sum of tumour volume (p=0.34) were not significantly associated with BCFI. Additionally, when the less complete locally reported tumour grade data were included, higher tumour grade was associated with shorter BCFI (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Conclusions: Consideration of multicentric and multifocal disease was an important adjunct to standard pathologic tumour size as was estimation of tumour surface area in this chemotherapy trial of node positive premenopausal women. However, simply adding together the diameters of tumours in patients with multicentric or multifocal disease did not add any additional prognostic information in this high risk patient population. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-23.