tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type II is a generalized defect of de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis. Endothelial cell fucosylation is not required for neutrophil rolling on human nonlymphoid endothelium.
Authors: A Karsan, C J Cornejo, R K Winn, B R Schwartz, W Way, N Lannir, R Gershoni-Baruch, A Etzioni, H D Ochs, J M Harlan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type II (LAD II) is a recently described syndrome and the two patients with this defect lack fucosylated glycoconjugates. These glycoconjugates include the selectin ligand, sialyl LewisX, and various fucosylated blood group antigens. To date, the molecular anomaly in these patients has not been identified. We localized the defect in LAD II to the de novo pathway of GDP-fucose biosynthesis, by inducing cell-surface expression of fucosylated glycoconjugates after exposure of lymphoblastoid cell lines from the LAD II patients to exogenous fucose. This defect is not restricted to hematopoietic cells, since similar findings were elicited in both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts derived from an affected abortus. We have used these LAD II endothelial cells to examine the consequence of fucosylation of endothelial cells on the rolling of normal neutrophils in an in vitro assay. Neutrophil rolling on LPS-treated normal and LAD II HUVEC was inhibited by an E-selectin monoclonal antibody at both high and low shear rates. LAD II HUVEC lacking fucosylated glycoproteins supported leukocyte rolling to a similar degree as normal HUVEC or LAD II cells that were fucose-fed. At low shear rates, an L-selectin antibody inhibited neutrophil rolling to a similar degree whether the LAD II cells had been fucose-fed or not. These findings suggest that fucosylation of nonlymphoid endothelial cells does not play a major role in neutrophil rolling and that fucose is not a critical moiety on the L-selectin ligand(s) on endothelial cells of the systemic vasculature.
The role of biomethylation in toxicity and carcinogenicity of arsenic: a research update.
Authors: Miroslav Stýblo, Zuzana Drobná, Ilona Jaspers, Shan Lin, David J Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Recent research of the metabolism and biological effects of arsenic has profoundly changed our understanding of the role of metabolism in modulation of toxicity and carcinogenicity of this metalloid. Historically, the enzymatic conversion of inorganic arsenic to mono- and dimethylated species has been considered a major mechanism for detoxification of inorganic arsenic. However, compelling experimental evidence obtained from several laboratories suggests that biomethylation, particularly the production of methylated metabolites that contain trivalent arsenic, is a process that activates arsenic as a toxin and a carcinogen. This article summarizes this evidence and provides new data on a) the toxicity of methylated trivalent arsenicals in mammalian cells, b) the effects of methylated trivalent arsenicals on gene transcription, and c) the mechanisms involved in arsenic methylation in animal and human tissues.
A Versatile Framework for the Design of Ligand-Dependent, Transgene-Specific Transcription Factors
Authors: Ling Xu, Dennis Zerby, Ying Huang, Hong Ji, Origène F. Nyanguile, Joseph E. de los Angeles, Michael J. Kadan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

The ability to regulate transgene expression will be essential for the safety and efficacy of many gene therapies. Various ligand-dependent transcription factors, including steroid hormone receptors, have been modified to enable transgene-specific regulation. To minimize effects on cellular gene expression, chimeric steroid receptors have been constructed by replacing their native DNA binding domain (DBD) with a heterologous DBD, like that from the yeast transcription factor GAL4. This approach has limitations for human gene therapy, including the potential immunogenicity of the GAL4 domain and the inability to discriminate between different GAL4-linked transgenes in the same cell. To address this, we have constructed chimeric regulators containing the human estrogen receptor (ER) ligand binding domain (LBD) and a Cys2–His2-type zinc finger DBD. Cys2–His2 zinc finger domains are common among human DNA binding proteins and can be engineered to selectively bind different DNA sequences. We demonstrate over 500-fold drug-dependent transgene induction with these chimeric regulators in vitro and the ability to regulate an adenovirus-delivered transgene in mice. Two chimeras containing different Cys2–His2 domains displayed highly sequence-specific binding and regulation. Incorporating a point mutation in the ER LBD that ablates estrogen binding enables selective in vivo regulation with the clinically useful anti-estrogen tamoxifen. These Cys2–His2–ER LBD chimeras represent a versatile framework for creating transgene-specific regulators potentially useful for human gene therapy applications.
Impotence and Sterility with Aberrations of the Sexual Function and Sex Gland Implantation.
Authors: G. Frank Lydston
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Use of the Pulmonary Artery Catheter in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Jesse B. Hall
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein deficiency in B cells results in impaired peripheral homeostasis
Authors: Almut Meyer-Bahlburg, Shirly Becker-Herman, Stephanie Humblet-Baron, Socheath Khim, Michele Weber, Gerben Bouma, Adrian J. Thrasher, Facundo D. Batista, David J. Rawlings
Journal: Blood (2008)

Abstract To more precisely identify the B-cell phenotype in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), we used 3 distinct murine in vivo models to define the cell intrinsic requirements for WAS protein (WASp) in central versus peripheral B-cell development. Whereas WASp is dispensable for early bone marrow B-cell development, WASp deficiency results in a marked reduction in each of the major mature peripheral B-cell subsets, exerting the greatest impact on marginal zone and B1a B cells. Using in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling and in vitro functional assays, we show that these deficits reflect altered peripheral homeostasis, partially resulting from an impairment in integrin function, rather than a developmental defect. Consistent with these observations, we also show that: (1) WASp expression levels increase with cell maturity, peaking in those subsets exhibiting the greatest sensitivity to WASp deficiency; (2) WASp+ murine B cells exhibit a marked selective advantage beginning at the late transitional B-cell stage; and (3) a similar in vivo selective advantage is manifest by mature WASp+ human B cells. Together, our data provide a better understanding of the clinical phenotype of WAS and suggest that gene therapy might be a useful approach to rescue altered B-cell homeostasis in this disease.
Significance of initial ST segment elevation and depression for the management of thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. European Cooperative Study Group for Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator.
Authors: J L Willems, R J Willems, G M Willems, A E Arnold, F Van de Werf, M Verstraete
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To determine the ability of initial ST segment elevation and depression to predict infarct size limitation by thrombolytic therapy, data were analyzed in 721 patients with acute myocardial infarction who were admitted to a randomized, placebo-controlled study of intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator. Patients with QRS duration of 120 msec or more or with previous history of myocardial infarction were excluded, leaving 322 in the treatment and 333 in the placebo group. Cumulative 72-hour release of alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and global ejection fraction as well as left ventricular wall motion derived from angiography were used as independent measures of infarct size. Electrocardiograms obtained at admission, 6 hours after start of therapy, and before discharge were analyzed. All ST measurements were made by hand at the J point and 60 msec after the J point. Patients with high ST segment elevation at admission (i.e., sum of ST elevation at 60 msec after the J point was 20 mm or more) had significantly larger infarction and higher hospital mortality when compared with those with lower (less than 20 mm) ST elevation. Reciprocal ST segment depression also showed a linear relation with infarct size and mortality, independent from ST elevation, both in anterior and inferior myocardial infarction. The sum of deviations measured at the J point and 60 msec after the J point differed significantly, especially in anterior myocardial infarction at admission (mean, 16 +/- 9 versus 23 +/- 11 mm). The prognostic value of one measurement was not, however, superior over the other. Treatment with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator was most effective in those with large ST deviations at admission, but patients with anterior infarction and smaller ST shifts also appeared to benefit from therapy. Results in individual patients were variable, and the overall correlation of initial ST shifts with enzymatic infarct size was rather low. In conclusion, the present study shows that the magnitude of initial ST elevation and also of reciprocal ST depression in the admission electrocardiogram is valuable for the management and assessment of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Friedländer-Bacillus Meningitis Treated with Streptomycin
Authors: S. Tartakoff, Bruce Grynbaum, Philip M. LeCompte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

INTEREST in the treatment of local and general infections caused by organisms ordinarily resistant to the usual antibiotics has become increasingly stimulated by recognition of the fact that within recent years isolated cases have been reported in which successful results were obtained. In 1943 Ransmeier and Major1 reported a case of septicemia associated with Friedländer-bacillus meningitis and published the report after an analysis of 29 cases of similar type that had been collected from the literature. In the 30 cases reported so far, 3 patients recovered, 2 with the use of the sulfonamides and 1 following operative evacuation of an . . .
Handling of Rescue and Missing Data Affects Synthesis and Interpretation of Evidence: The Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Example
Authors: Catharine B. Stack, A. Russell Localio, Michael E. Griswold, Steven N. Goodman, Cynthia D. Mulrow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Confidence in evidence summarized in meta-analyses depends on the strength of the underlying studies. This inherent limitation of syntheses appears in the case of a meta-analysis of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes because many of the pertinent randomized trials did not handle patient dropout and "rescue" medication properly. Repudiated statistical methods, such as last observation carried forward, and unsophisticated methods for handling postrescue data produce unreliable summary estimates. Future reports of randomized studies and meta-analyses of those studies must focus on posing precise questions about the treatment effect of interest and then implement appropriate statistical methods to account for missing data, patient dropout, and use of rescue medication.
PROTEOSE INTOXICATIONS AND INJURY OF BODY PROTEIN
Authors: J. V. Cooke, G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

Sterile abscess formation in the dog is accompanied by a large increase in output of urinary nitrogen and also by a small but definite increase in the blood non-protein nitrogen. All this nitrogenous material of course is derived from body protein injury and autolysis. Septic inflammation in the dog (pleurisy, pneumonia, peritonitis, etc.) likewise shows a distinct rise in the blood non-protein nitrogen. This rise is not often so great as that frequently observed in the intoxication of intestinal obstruction. Many acute infections in man (septicemia, peritonitis, pneumonia, etc.) show a definite rise in the non-protein nitrogen and urea nitrogen of the blood; some cases show a very great rise above normal (over 100 mg. of non-protein nitrogen per 100 cc. of blood). There may be no anatomical change in the kidney beyond the familiar picture of cloudy swelling. This does not exclude the possibility of some transient functional derangement of the kidney epithelium. Certain obscure intoxications in man may show a considerable rise in the non-protein nitrogen of the blood, indicating a large amount of protein disintegration. These findings must be taken into account in any clinical analysis and interpretation of high non-protein nitrogen of the blood in pathological conditions.
Outrage Corner: Generalists More General; Subspecialists More Subspecial
Authors: Donald O. Kollisch
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor. —  Given the increasing recognition of the role of the generalist physician, it is outrageous to read the following introduction to a recent book review inThe Journal 1 : Within an era of increasing specialization, time constraints, and fiscal accountability, the role of each medical practitioner logically narrows.... The consequence is a tendency for compartmentalizing of patient needs, and for failure of sensitive dialogue with each patient regarding the individual's perception of the problem. Logic demands nothing of the sort. Family physicians, general internists, and general pediatricians are trained and able to integrate efficiently and sensitively the varying needs of patients, and it is only subspecialists who illogically fragment patient care in the pursuit of expertise. Those of us who care for the whole patient will continue to pay attention to the intimate realms of patients' lives. We will continue to learn from such academic treatises as
Perforation of Gall-bladder during Prednisone Treatment
Authors: G. L. Mouzas, J. H. Briggs
Journal: BMJ (1957)

During the past few years cases have been reported of gastro-intestinal ulceration, sometimes accompanied by massive haemorrhage or perforation, in patients receiving steroid therapy.A marked rise in the incidence of such cases, due to the increasing use of these drugs, is appar- ent.
Salmonellosis and Shigellosis at Boston City Hospital
Authors: Maxwell Finland
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Data from Boston City Hospital indicate the increasing occurrence of bacteremic infections due to enterobacteria and of deaths from such infections since the introduction and widespread use of modern antibacterial agents. The greatest increase in bacteremic infections occurred before broad-spectrum antibiotics became available and before antibiotic supplements were first used in animal feeds. No similar increases in salmonellosis or shigellosis have occurred at this hospital.  These findings do not support the basis for the recommendation to discontinue use of certain antibacterial agents as feed supplements for animals, nor for the concern over the hazards to human health from such use.  (JAMA229:1183-1186, 1974)
A Review of Clinical Ballistocardiography
Authors: Edward Rubenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

BALLISTOCARDIOGRAPHY deals with the movements of the body that result from cardiac systole and the subsequent circulation of the blood mass through the vascular tree. At present, much of the mechanics of this field is incompletely understood and awaits further investigation; nevertheless, clinical application is now possible. With proper reservations, extraordinarily useful diagnostic and prognostic information can be obtained. The clinical method is quite simple, the test causes no discomfort to the patient, the apparatus is not expensive, and the interpretation of the tracings is not difficult. It is likely that clinical use will soon become widespread, and the science . . .
Carcinomatous Abscess of the Lung
Authors: C. Strang, J. A. Simpson
Journal: Thorax (1953)

Abscess formation may arise in several different ways.A carcinoma occurring in a medium-sized bronchus causes partial bronchial obstruction, atelectasis, and retention infection.The inflam- mation may progress to destruction of lung tissue, resulting in the formation of many suppurative foci or a more localized lung abscess.Necrosis of the tumour establishes free drainage, and the destroyed tissue is coughed up.Alternatively, necrosis may develop in the centre of a tumour mass.This occurs when a rapidly growing tumour outstrips its blood supply, and the process of ulceration and liquefaction is aided by infarc- tion and infection.The necrotic debris is then discharged into a bronchus, leaving an abscess cavity in the centre of the tumour.Sometimes so much of the tumour tissue is coughed up that only a thin carcinomatous wall is left round the on July 16, 2023 by guest.
Demonstration of Muscle Sphincters as a Capillary Component in the Human Heart
Authors: D. VINCENT PROVENZA, SIDNEY SCHERLIS
Journal: Circulation (1959)

The capillary network in the ventricular myocardium in man consists of 2 sphincter-type capillaries (the metarteriole and the precapillary ) and a nonmuscular capillary, the classic or true capillary. The muscular components of the metarterioles and of the precapillaries are innervated by nerve fibers of which the terminal structure ends as a knotted fibrillar process near the muscle nucleus. The sphincter capillary and its nerve constitute a functional unit. These structures are encountered in the myocardium of man more frequently than elsewhere. In man these functional units conceivably may play a much more prominent role than heretofore realized in the dynamics of cardiac vascularization.
Septicemia Due to<i>Salmonella enteritidis</i>
Authors: Myles P. Baker, Joseph H. Bragdon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE genus Salmonella comprises a large number of gram-negative enteric bacilli pathogenic to both man and animals. They are grouped together by reason of similarities in biochemical behavior, but more definitively by reason of the specific antigens that they possess in common. Differentiation within the group is based on variations, often minor, in these biochemical and antigenic characteristics. The National Salmonella Center has available for distribution over one hundred and sixty different species or types, not all of which, however, have yet been proved pathogenic to man.1 In the accepted classification Salmonella enteritidis falls into Group D, for its somatic . . .
An immunohistological study of secondary Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: D A Isenberg, D Rowe, A Tookman, A Hopp, M Griffiths, E Paice, J Stewart, P C Beverley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

The labial biopsies from 13 patients with secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and four disease controls were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to human leucocyte antigens. Large numbers of T cells were found in most of the biopsies. In seven SS patients the T helper/inducer subset was found to be predominant. Antibody to HLA class I antigens consistently stained leucocytes, but other cell types stained more variably. Although the staining with antibody to HLA class II antigen was often weak, approximately as many cells stained with this antibody as with an antileucocyte antibody, implying that the T cells were activated. Anti-IgD revealed membrane staining of a corona of IgD-positive cells in structures resembling germinal centres. Isolated cells throughout the sections also showed strong cytoplasmic staining with anti-IgD. These results suggest a role for T-cell-dependent local antibody synthesis in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Night Sweats: Two Other Causes
Authors: David R. Duhon
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Questions and Answers section of<i>JAMA</i>included an extensive differential diagnosis and suggested workup for night sweats by Smetana.<sup>1</sup>Unfortunately, he failed to mention obstructive sleep apnea, one of the most common causes of heavy sweating at night.<sup>2</sup>Other symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea include snoring, daytime fatigue or sleepiness, increased motor restlessness during sleep, morning dry mouth and headaches, nocturia, and decreased sexual drive. Apneic spells during sleep are frequently witnessed by spouse or other family members. Obstructive sleep apnea is quite common, occurring in up to 4% of middle-aged men.<sup>3</sup>In any patient who has night sweats and snores, consideration should be given to obtaining a polysomnogram before launching into an extensive workup for systemic illness.
Consistency in anaesthetic care: Segmentation of anaesthetic care is not inherently bad
Authors: C. H Kindler
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR–Simini and Bertolini illustrate a major dilemma in modern anaesthetic practice in their two scenarios–firstly, one patient, one anaesthetist and, secondly, one patient, two anaesthetists (one visits, one gives anaesthesia).1 Anaesthetists preferred the first scenario.

Simini in an earlier study asked 165 patients whether they would be less anxious if the same anaesthetist …