tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Newborns affected most by Chernobyl disaster
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A new study of children who were living near the Chernobyl nuclear reactor when it exploded in April 1986 or who were born in the area after the accident shows that newborn babies and those aged under 1 year were worst affected. It also shows, for the first time, that children born after the disaster have experienced more ill effects than those who were aged over 1 year at the time.

The study looked at 1080 children, aged 5 to 15 years, who were permanently evacuated to Israel from 1990 onwards, by the Chabad Children of Chernobyl non-profit organisation, which runs a rescue programme.

It showed that the longer children remain in the contaminated area in Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of the Russian Federation, the sicker they became, and the higher their risk …
sFlt-1, a Potential Antagonist for Exogenous VEGF
Authors: Funmi M. Belgore, Andrew D. Blann, Gregory Y. H. Lip
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Antagonist for Exogenous VEGFTo the Editor:Results from the VEGF in Ischemia for Vascular Angiogenesis (VIVA) clinical trial, which demonstrated the therapeutic use of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in angina, were presented at the 48th Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology. 1 These results indicated that no significant difference existed in the symptoms or clinical events of patients infused with VEGF and those of the placebo group.Although this may be due in part to inadequate dosage or an inappropriate delivery method, this unexpected result could also be attributed to the presence of the soluble VEGF receptor Flt-1 (sFlt-1).An analysis of this receptor reveals that it, like the membrane-bound receptor, binds VEGF with high affinity and inhibits VEGFmediated events in vitro. 2,3 Our laboratory developed a specific and sensitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay using commercial antibodies and recombinant standards (R&D Systems) to measure the plasma levels of free sFlt-1, which can bind VEGF, in vitro.This assay was developed for an ongoing study testing the hypothesis that patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease will have abnormal levels of VEGF and sFlt-1 when compared with healthy controls.Our pilot study of 60 patients (45 men; mean age, 58Ϯ10 years) with coronary artery disease (all with a previous myocardial infarction; samples collected 6 weeks post-myocardial infarction) were compared with an equal number of age-and sexmatched healthy controls.The median level of VEGF (as determined by ELISA, R&D Systems) in the citrated plasma from patients was 430 pg/mL (interquartile range, 136 to 1004 pg/mL); the median sFlt-1 level was 14 ng/mL (range, 1 to 45 ng/mL).In the controls, the median levels of VEGF and sFlt-1 were 75 pg/mL (interquartile range, 20 to 125 pg/mL) and 23 ng/mL (range, 15-37 ng/mL), respectively.An analysis of the data using the Mann-Whitney U test confirmed that VEGF levels in patients with coronary artery disease were significantly higher than those of the control group (PϽ0.001) but that levels of sFlt-1 were lower in patients compared with controls (PϽ0.05).Nevertheless, levels of sFlt-1 in both patients and controls were 33-fold and 306-fold greater than those of VEGF, respectively.Although early clinical trials and studies of animal models indicated that the therapeutic use of VEGF could improve collateral circulation, 4,5 the high plasma levels of sFlt-1 may act as a potential antagonist for VEGF.Thus, any exogenously administrated VEGF would have to completely neutralize its soluble receptor (sFlt-1) before adequate levels would reach target organ(s).This may have contributed to the lack of effect of VEGF that was experienced by the VIVA investigators.
Warfarin skin necrosis.
Authors: R. RUSSELL JONES, J. CUNNINGHAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

SUMMARY

Necrosis of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue is a rare complication of therapy of with oral anticoagulants, and is related to the use of loading-dose regimes. Three cases are reported, and demonstrate that the principal histopathological feature is thrombosis within the subcutaneous vasculature. The effect of large doses of anticoagulant on the levels of the vitamin K dependent clotting factors provides a satisfactory model for the temporal sequence of events in this syndrome. The occurrence of intravascular thrombosis with low or absent levels of Factor VII indicates that the intrinsic clotting system is of primary importance in venous thrombosis. This complication of anticoagulant therapy is not seen if loading-dose regimes are avoided.
Intragingival injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide induces a transient increase in gingival tumour necrosis factor-α, but not interleukin-6, in anaesthetised rats
Authors: Hiroko Taguchi, Yuri Aono, Takayuki Kawato, Masatake Asano, Noriyoshi Shimizu, Tadashi Saigusa
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2015)

This study used in vivo microdialysis to examine the effects of intragingival application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS) on gingival tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in rats. A microdialysis probe with an injection needle attached to the surface of the dialysis membrane was implanted into the gingiva of the upper incisor. For comparison, the effects of LPS derived from Escherichia coli (Ec-LPS) on IL-6 and TNF-α levels were also analysed. Pg-LPS (1 μg/1 μL) or Ec-LPS (1 or 6 μg/1 μL) was applied by microsyringe, with gingival dialysates collected every hour. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that gingival dialysates contained approximately 389 pg·mL−1 of IL-6 basally; basal TNF-α levels were lower than the detection limit of the ELISA. Pg-LPS failed to alter IL-6 levels but markedly increased TNF-α levels, which remained elevated for 2 h after treatment. Neither IL-6 nor TNF-α were affected by Ec-LPS. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that the gingiva expresses Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 mRNA. Immunohistochemical examination showed that TLR2 and TLR4 are expressed by gingival epithelial cells. The present study provides in vivo evidence that locally applied Pg-LPS, but not Ec-LPS, into the gingiva transiently increases gingival TNF-α without affecting IL-6. The present results suggest that TLR2 but not TLR4 expressed on gingival epithelial cells may mediate the Pg-LPS-induced increase in gingival TNF-α in rats. A rat model offers insights into the bacterially-induced inflammatory response that contributes to the tissue damage in periodontal disease. Several studies have demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the bacterial cell wall, can promote tissue damage in the gums. However, these experiments typically used LPS from bacteria not associated with periodontal disease. Researchers led by Tadashi Saigusa from Nihon University School of Dentistry in Matsudo, Japan, studied the effect of LPS from Porphyromonoas gingivalis, which is linked to periodontal disease, on rats. They identified a specific inflammatory signal that was activated by P.gingivalis, but not by LPS from another bacterial species that typically resides in the gut. These data highlight the importance of using appropriate bacterial species to model periodontal disease, and reveal molecular pathways that might contribute to this pathology.
A chart review study of late-onset and early-onset schizophrenia
Authors: G D Pearlson, L Kreger, P V Rabins, G A Chase, B Cohen, J B Wirth, T B Schlaepfer, L E Tune
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

This chart review study compared 54 schizophrenic patients with onset of illness after age 45 years to 54 young and 22 elderly patients with early-onset schizophrenia (before age 45). The index group was more likely to have visual, tactile, and olfactory hallucinations; a greater number of different types of hallucinations; persecutory delusions; and premorbid schizoid personality traits, and was less likely to have thought disorder and affective flattening, than was either comparison group. Among the two elderly groups, index patients had more auditory and visual sensory impairment. Nearly half (48.1%) of the index patients responded to neuroleptic treatment with complete remission.
Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Boyd E Metzger, Lynn P Lowe, Alan R Dyer, Elisabeth R Trimble, Udom Chaovarindr, Donald R Coustan, David R Hadden, David R McCance, Moshe Hod, Harold David McIntyre, Jeremy J N Oats, Bengt Persson, Michael S Rogers, David A Sacks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

It is controversial whether maternal hyperglycemia less severe than that in diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Abstract 19965: Reclassification of 10-y Coronary Heart Disease Risk Probability by Incorporating Genetic Markers; Insights from the Mayo electronic MEdical Records and GEnomics (eMERGE) Study.
Authors: Keyue Ding, Kent R Bailey, Iftikhar Kullo
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Susceptibility variants identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have modest odds ratios (ORs). Whether such variants provide incremental risk prediction beyond the Framingh...
Enhanced cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis against bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor.
Authors: Yoichi Mizutani, Yong Nan Li, Takumi Shiraishi, Terukazu Nakamura, Takeshi Nomoto, Koji Okihara, Osamu Ukimura, Kimihiko Yoneda, Akihiro Kawauchi, Tsuneharu Miki
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

5419   Cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ) is a key inducible enzyme involved in the production of prostaglandins, and its inhibitors have been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. Several anticancer agents also mediate apoptosis and may share the common intracellular pathways leading to apoptosis. Since enhance\. ment of COX-2 expression has been reported in bladder cancer, we reasoned that combination treatment of bladder cancer cells with COX-2 inhibitors and anticancer agents may result in synergistic apoptosis. This study has examined whether the selective COX-2 inhibitor synergizes with anticancer agents in cytotoxicity and apoptosis against bladder cancer cells. The selective COX-2 inhibitor JTE-522 was gift from Japan Tabacco Co. Ltd. Cytotoxicity was determined by the microculture tetrazolium dye assay. Apoptosis was examined by the TUNEL assay. The mRNA expression of COX-2 was observed in T24, T24/CDDP and J82 bladder cancer cell lines and two primary cultured bladder cancer cells, but not normal bladder cells. Combination treatment of T24 cells with JTE-522 and cisplatin ( CDDP ) resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect. Synergy was also achieved in the CDDP-resistant T24 bladder cancer line ( T24/CDDP ), the J82 bladder cancer line and two primary cultured bladder cancer cells, but not normal bladder cells. Although treatment of T24 cells with JTE-522 and carboplatin resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity, combination treatment with JTE-522 and trans-DDP resulted in an additive cytotoxic effect. The synergistic cytotoxicity was obtained irrespective of the sequence of the treatment, and the highest cytotoxicity was obtained when T24 cells were treated with JTE-522 initially. The synergy achieved in cytotoxicity with JTE-522 and CDDP was shown to be due to apoptosis. The mechanisms responsible for the synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis was examined. Treatment of T24 cells with JTE-522 reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2, but not Bcl-XL or Bax. Caspase 3 activity in T24 cells was enhanced after combination treatment with JTE-522 and CDDP. The  in vivo  significant growth inhibitory effect of JTE-522 and CDDP against the T24 line heterotransplanted in SCID mice was also observed. This study has demonstrated that combination treatment of bladder cancer cells with the selective COX-2 inhibitor JTE-522 and CDDP results in synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis  in vitro  and  in vivo . The synergy obtained with established CDDP-resistant and primary cultured bladder cancer cells required low subtoxic concentrations of CDDP. These findings support the potential clinical application of a combination of JTE-522 and CDDP in the treatment of bladder cancer as a new form of therapy with more selective cytotoxicity and less collateral side effects.
Australia: federal government subsidises long term care by up to £22 000 a year
Authors: Christopher Zinn
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The federal government is largely responsible for funding residential care for old people in Australia, helped by a combination of flat user fees and income tested fees.

The government pays a subsidy to service providers—which include the charitable, religious, and private sectors—for each day a bed is occupied.

Care homes for elderly people (known as “aged care homes”) can receive up to $A66 000 (£25 300; $38 000; €39 000) a year to look after a high care resident, with the government paying a subsidy of up to $A57 500 and the …
Abstract 19592: Predictors of Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in an Australian Cohort
Authors: Rosanna Tavella, Matthew Worthley, Margaret Arstall, Christopher Zeitz, John Beltrame
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Extensive studies have been undertaken to define clinical predictors of bleeding events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Few studies have included a large cohort of ‘real world’ patients undergoing PCI via a radial approach. Methods: The Coronary Angiogram Database of South Australia (CADOSA) captures all PCI procedures performed in each public hospital in the state of South Australia (population 1.675 million). CADOSA utilizes identical data specifications to CathPCI® Registry. Thus a significant PCI-related bleeding event was defined as blood loss from any location (percutaneous entry site, retroperitoneal, gastrointestinal, genitourinary) within 72 hours of procedure, resulting in a fall in haemoglobin &gt; 3.0g/dL, transfusion, or prolonged hospital admission. Clinical determinants of PCI-related bleeding events were identified in a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In 2012, there were 1,409 PCI procedures performed, with 80% undertaken for acute coronary syndrome, 56% via radial access, 14% using bivalirudin/enoxaparin and 5% utilizing novel anti-platelet agents (prasugrel 5%, ticagrelor 0.1%). Of these procedures, 1.7% had significant bleeding events. Univariate determinants of bleeding included increasing age, female, current smoker, prior PCI, ST elevation MI presentation, femoral access, cardiogenic shock, intra-aortic balloon pump insertion and administration of clopidogrel, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, verapamil or metaraminol prior/during procedure. The final model identified the following clinical determinants as significant independent predictors of bleeding with a C-index of 0.87: age over 80 years (OR=10.7; 3.4-34.0, p&lt;0.01), current smoker (OR=5.7; 2.0-16.5, p&lt;0.01), the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (OR=3.9; 1.4-10.6, p&lt;0.01), use of clopidogrel (2.7; 1.0-7.1, p&lt;0.05) and femoral access site (OR=10.6; 3.1-37.1, p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: In a ‘real world’, representative PCI cohort where radial access approach is frequently used, there was a low prevalence of bleeding events. In addition to access site, several distinctive baseline clinical features along with administration of blood thinning agents predicted bleeding.
A gene related to Caenorhabditis elegans spermatogenesis factor fer-1 is mutated in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B
Authors: Rumaisa Bashir, Stephen Britton, Tom Strachan, Sharon Keers, Elizabeth Vafiadaki, Majlinda Lako, Isabelle Richard, Sylvie Marchand, Nathalie Bourg, Zohar Argov, Menachem Sadeh, Ibrahim Mahjneh, Giampiero Marconi, Maria Rita Passos-Bueno, Eloisa de S Moreira, Mayana Zatz, Jacques S. Beckmann, Kate Bushby
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
Trials Planned for Testing Nonsurgical Approach to Replacing Heart Valves
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gγ13 colocalizes with gustducin in taste receptor cells and mediates IP3 responses to bitter denatonium
Authors: Liquan Huang, Y. Gopi Shanker, Jolanta Dubauskaite, Jenny Z. Zheng, Wentao Yan, Sophia Rosenzweig, Andrew I. Spielman, Marianna Max, Robert F. Margolskee
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (1999)
Abstract 5524: 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylating agent, inhibits metastatic melanoma invasiveness
Authors: Chantal Etiévant, Cécile Desjobert, Arnaud Carrier, Audrey Delmas, Jorg Tost, Gilles Favre, Joelle Riond, Paola Arimondo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Metastatic melanomas are the deadliest form of skin cancer and are very aggressive tumors showing highly invasive properties and a rapid chemoresistance to standard treatment (Dacarbazine) and to specific BRAF-V600E kinase inhibitors (Vemurafenib). Thus, targeting these tumors remains a major concern for novel therapeutic proposals. Abnormal patterns of DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification that cells use to control gene expression, have been described in these tumors. These epigenetic modifications participate in melanoma formation and maintenance. The aim of our project is to characterize the DNA methylation changes that occur in the most aggressive form of melanoma and to reverse these changes by using clinically active DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, 5-aza-dC). To date a limited number of datasets have been published depicting the effects of inhibitors of DNA methylation on invasive capacities of metastatic melanoma cells. The work presented here, focuses on the study of the effects of DNA methylation inhibition on metastatic melanoma invasiveness. We have set up an original method to quantify DNA methylation by FACS and shown that non cytotoxic nanomolar 5-aza-dC concentrations were able to demethylate DNA of WM-266-4 metastatic melanoma cells. Then using an in vitro 3D spheroids cell invasion assay and fluorescent microscopy to measure invasion capacities of metastatic cell lines, we showed that 5-aza-dC was able to inhibit invasion of WM-266-4 cells at these non-cytotoxic demethylating concentrations. Citation Format: Chantal Etiévant, Cécile Desjobert, Arnaud Carrier, Audrey Delmas, Jorg Tost, Gilles Favre, Joelle Riond, Paola Arimondo. 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylating agent, inhibits metastatic melanoma invasiveness. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5524. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5524
Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of 5,557 Patients Age ≥90 Years With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Adam H. Skolnick, Karen P. Alexander, Anita Y. Chen, Matthew T. Roe, Charles V. Pollack, E. Magnus Ohman, John S. Rumsfeld, W. Brian Gibler, Eric D. Peterson, David J. Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Associations Among Androgens, Estrogens, and Natriuretic Peptides in Young Women
Authors: Alice Y. Chang, Shuaib M. Abdullah, Tulika Jain, Harold G. Stanek, Sandeep R. Das, Darren K. McGuire, Richard J. Auchus, James A. de Lemos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Successful treatment of intravenously abused oral Opana ER‐induced thrombotic microangiopathy without plasma exchange
Authors: Peter John Miller, Andrew Matthew Farland, Mary Ann Knovich, Katharine Marie Batt, John Owen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

In January 2013, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported an illness associated with intravenous (IV) abuse of oral Opana ER (oxymorphone) in Tennessee. The clinical presentation of this syndrome was reported to resemble that of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the 15 patients reported; 12 were treated with plasma exchange. We report a similar case series of 15 patients with 18 episodes of thrombotic microangiopathy associated with recent IV abuse of oral Opana ER. In our series, we demonstrate that therapeutic plasma exchange is unnecessary; supportive care and treatment of underlying infections and renal dysfunction (without use of plasma exchange) resulted in clinical improvement in all patients. Thus, it appears that plasma exchange with associated costs and risks can be safely omitted in patients with thrombotic microangiopathy resulting from IV abuse of oral Opana ER.
Baseline plus 1-hour high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T improved early rule-out and rule-in of acute MI
Authors: Andrew Worster
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Reichlin T, Twerenbold R, Wildi K, et al. Prospective validation of a 1-hour algorithm to rule-out and rule-in acute myocardial infarction using a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T assay. CMAJ. 2015;187:E243-52. 25869867
New Drug for Hepatitis B
Authors: Mark B. McClellan
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal