tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Malanoyl dialdehyde (MDA) and hs-CRP: How are they linked to COPD?
Authors: Upasana Jelia, Balakrishnan Menon, Gaki Nima, Ankit Mittal, Vikas Dogra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

INTRODUCTION:   CRP (c reactive protein) is a marker of inflammation and MDA has been linked to oxidative stress. Higher CRP levels are associated with increased hospitalisation and death in COPD patients. Products of lipid peroxidation are increased and antioxidant capacity is decreased in COPD patients and in smokers. MDA levels have been associated with exacerbations in COPD.   METHODS:   Sixty patients of COPD consisting of 15 subjects each in four GOLD grades were recruited. 15 healthy smokers and 15 non smokers were also recruited. hs-CRP was measured using ELISA. MDA was measured using Spectrophotometry.   RESULTS:   The level of MDA and hs-CRP were seen to increase with the increasing severity of COPD (Table 1). The difference between the groups was found to be significant (p  hs-CRP correlated positively with MDA (r = 0.367, p  1  (r = - 0.600, p  25-75  (r = - 0.494, p  1  (r = - 0.539, p  25-75  (r = - 0.548, p    CONCLUSION:   This study adds to the evidence that systemic inflammation is present in COPD. CRP and MDA negatively correlates with PFT. This may help in categorizing COPD patient into different groups, thereby predicting the outcomes regarding morbidity and mortality.
Towards a new Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health
Authors: Marleen Temmerman, Rajat Khosla, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Flavia Bustreo
Journal: BMJ (2015)

We know what needs to be done, say <b>Marleen Temmerman and colleagues</b>, but we need to push hard now to create a world in which every women, every child, and every adolescent is able to survive, thrive, and transform
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Severe Mental Illness: An Illustrated Guideby WrightJesse , TurkingtonDouglas , KingdonDavid G. , and BascoMonica Ramirez . Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric Publishing, 2009, 354pp., $65.00
Authors: Kimberly J. Tseng, John Q. Young
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)
Abstract 587: A Randomized Study Evaluating Outcomes of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Rats with Myocardial Infarction Treated with Three Delivery Methods of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Tong Wang, Zhi Wan, Wanchun Tang, Shijie Sun, Zitong Huang, Max Harry Weil
Journal: Circulation (2008)

We investigated the effect of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on myoardial function following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a rat model of myocardial infarction. We further investigated the efficacy of three routes of MSCs administration including intravenous, intraventricular and intramyocardial injection. Regardless of administration routes, MSCs would improve myocardial function after CPR in myocardial infarction animals. Myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in 54 rats (6 groups, 9 rats for each). One month later, animals were randomized to receive injection of 5×10 6 MSCs labeled with PKH26 or PBS alone as a placebo into right femoral vein or left ventricular cavity or the infarction zone in the anterior ventricular free wall. Four weeks after injection, 6 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation (VF) followed by 6 minutes of CPR were performed prior to defibrillation. Hemodynamics, including cardiac index (CI), dp/dt40, −dp/dt and left ventricular diastolic pressure(LVDP) were measured before induction of VF (baseline) and hourly following resuscitation. There were siginificant improvements in CI, dp/dt40(Figure 1 ), −dp/dt, LVDP after CPR in MSCs treated animals, regardless of the sites of injection. Survival time after CPR was siginificantly increased in MSCs trearted groups comparing with the corresponding PBS treated groups. Independent of administration routes, myocardial function and survival time after CPR were comparably improved in all groups treated with MSCs in constrast to the PBS groups. Figure 1
Lineage Involvement of Stem Cells Bearing the Philadelphia Chromosome in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Chronic Phase as Shown by a Combination of Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Naoto Takahashi, Ikuo Miura, Kohki Saitoh, Akira B. Miura
Journal: Blood (1998)
Pulmonary arterial hypertension or left heart disease with pulmonary hypertension? Toward noninvasive clarity, but time for a new paradigm
Authors: Robert P. Frantz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Widespread availability of Doppler echocardiography, combined with increasing community awareness of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) as an important and treatable disease, results in frequent referral of patients with suspected PAH to tertiary pulmonary hypertension centres. While this state of affairs is laudable, it does result in substantial numbers of patients who turn out not to have PAH being seen at tertiary pulmonary hypertension centres. In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Jacobs et al. [1] describe the retrospective development and prospective validation of a simple tool designed to improve accurate noninvasive distinction between PAH and pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (systolic, diastolic or valvular; World Classification of pulmonary hypertension group 2). This tool was derived from analysis of patients with PAH or group 2 pulmonary hypertension seen at a major European pulmonary hypertension centre. It may enhance noninvasive exclusion of group 1 PAH in a subset of patients seen with pulmonary hypertension who have risk factors for group 2 pulmonary hypertension. PAH or left heart disease with PH? Perspective on group 1 and 2 PH differentiators and a call for a unified approach <http://ow.ly/OtRxU>
Bronchial carcinoma after lung transplantation, a sobering truth
Authors: Jonas Yserbyt, Lieven Dupont, Dirk Van Raemdonck, Christophe Dooms, Geert Verleden
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The prevalence and mortality due to solid organ tumors after lung transplantation (LTx) steadily increases and we specifically investigated the development of primary bronchial carcinoma (BC) and its outcome after LTx.  Out of 470 L and heart-LTx (Jan 2000 to Dec 2010), 12 patients (2.6%, 8 males) developed a BC at 37.8 (±24.3) m after LTx. They were transplanted at a mean age of 57.5 (±5.1) y; 8 for emphysema and 4 for IPF; 8/86 single LTx patients (9.3%, for emphysema or lung fibrosis) developed a BC, all in their native lung, whereas only 4/179 double LTx patients (2.2%, only for emphysema or fibrosis) developed a BC (p=0.021). At diagnosis, 4 patients were in stage I-II, whereas all others in stage III-IV. There were 11 NSCLC (6 adenoca) and 1 SCLC. Five patients were surgically treated, however, 1 had unforeseen N2 disease with pleural metastasis at surgery. All other patients (except 2 who died very soon after diagnosis) were treated with chemotherapy ± radiotherapy. The median survival after diagnosis was only 7.5 m, with an almost significant survival difference between patients with stage I-II and stage III-IV disease (p=0.052) The latter patients had a median survival of only 5.5 m versus 21.5 m for the lower stage BC patients (fig).  We conclude that BC especially of the native lung after SLTx is a significant problem and that the survival after diagnosis is very poor, although patients with stage I-II operable disease, tend to do better.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and the risk of subsequent hepatobiliary disorders
Authors: Humberto Reyes
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

In a retrospective analysis of data collected from 1973 to 2009 in two nationwide health care registries in Sweden, Marschall et al.1 concluded that women with a past history of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) have a higher risk to develop chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, hepatitis C, gallstone disease, cholangitis, and other hepatobiliary disorders, as compared with well-matched controls who did not have ICP. Due to the nature and design of the study, the data need to be interpreted with caution. A crucial question is whether the diagnosis of ICP was well documented in all those patients. The 11,349 ICP cases were identified from the Swedish Medical Birth Register that "collects data on maternal characteristics and complications during pregnancy, delivery, and the neonatal period."2 For research purposes, current criteria for the diagnosis of ICP require a clinical and laboratory follow-up to verify that pruritus disappears after delivery and the biochemical abnormalities improve to normal values within 3 weeks.3 Besides, the diagnosis of ICP "should only be given after exclusion of preexisting liver disease."1, 3-6 Because discharge from obstetric wards usually occurs 1 to 3 days after delivery, patients in this study probably did not have a follow-up to fully document the diagnosis of ICP. Among patients with ICP, 42.7% were multiparous, with a range from 2 to 14 pregnancies. Important information would be to learn how many of them had recurrent ICP and whether it correlated with the incidence of subsequent hepatobiliary disorders. It would also be relevant to correlate the severity of ICP, estimated by clinical and laboratory markers such as early onset of pruritus in pregnancy, hyperbilirubinemia, and higher serum levels of bile salts, with the risk to develop other hepatobiliary disorders. Future reports extending this interesting population-based cohort study may consider the inclusion of these data. The final recommendation to test for hepatitis C in women with ICP may be expanded to all pregnant women in whom any clinical or laboratory sign suggest an underlying liver disorder. Humberto Reyes, M.D. Department of Medicine (Eastern Campus) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Chile School of Medicine Santiago de Chile
One in four US children exposed to weapon violence, study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

More than 17.5 million children in the United States, or about one in four, have been exposed to weapon violence, either as a witness or as a victim, and about two million, or one in 33, have been exposed to violence involving a highly lethal weapon, such as a gun or knife, a new study has found.

These figures, the researchers wrote, indicated that “weapons based violence is one of the largest public health crises affecting children in the United States, far exceeding the numbers of children with illnesses such as diabetes or cancer.”1

The study was published online on 8 June in the …
Effects of air pollution on asthma and respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren
Authors: Aya Lafta, Mohammed Shamssain
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Asthma exacerbation is an episode of acute worsening of asthmatic symptoms and exacerbation may depend on environmental factors. The present study is part of a large study of the prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in schoolchildren in the United Arab of Emirates (UAE). The aims and objectives of the present study were to compare asthma and respiratory symptoms in two groups of 987 schoolchildren, aged (5-14 years old). One group exposed to high level of air pollution living in the city of Fujairah, 200 km north of Dubai city (exposed group, n=537). The schools in Fujairah city were close to the mountainous area where some stone crushers were located. The other group exposed to low level of air pollution living in the city of Kalba, 50 km away from Fujairah city (control group, n=450). The schools in Kalba city were located between residential villas. Mean age of the exposed group was 7.7 years and the control was 9.8 years.We used the Arabic and English version of ISAAC questionnaire (the International study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood). The prevalence rates of ever wheezed, current wheeze, speech limitation, ever diagnosed with asthma, dry cough, and exercise-induced asthma in the exposed group were significantly higher than the control group (27.2%, 21.0%, 4.3%, 26.7%, 22.0%, and 21.5% vs. 21.6%, 16.4%, 3.0%, 22.2%, 20.9% and 18.2%, respectively). The present study reflects the effects of air pollution on asthma and respiratory symptoms and can help to implement intervention strategies to reduce asthma symptoms in this population.
Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection among rectal carriers: a prospective observational multicentre study
Authors: M. Giannella, E.M. Trecarichi, F.G. De Rosa, V. Del Bono, M. Bassetti, R.E. Lewis, A.R. Losito, S. Corcione, C. Saffioti, M. Bartoletti, G. Maiuro, C.S. Cardellino, S. Tedeschi, R. Cauda, C. Viscoli, P. Viale, M. Tumbarello
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
COPD patients coping with breathlessness during daily living – A multi-modal grounded theory
Authors: Lene Bastrup Jørgensen, Ronald Dahl, Preben Ulrich Pedersen, Kirsten Elisabeth Lomborg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Grasping the complexity of COPD patients coping with breathlessness during daily living has not yet been achieved.

Purpose: To develop a grounded theory of COPD patients' coping styles by investigating possible interrelations between the physiological, cognitive, affective and psychosocial dimensions in coping.

Materiel and methods: Twelve patients with moderate to most severe COPD were included during hospitalization for an acute exacerbation of COPD. We chose a multi-modal grounded theory design with concurrent data collection and analysis, and a constant comparative analytic process of interpretation of the data material as a whole. Data were collected both at hospital and in the patients' home after discharge. Data were derived from video, interview, medical history, demographics, scores on a modified Borg Scale and recordings of SaO2, heart rate, energy expenditure and level of Mets. The data material comprised 24 interviews, 50 recordings of video, 50 video transcriptions, 50 sets of measurements of physiological parameters, 50 set of scores on the modified Borg Scale and 12 sets of demographic information.

Results: The main concern for the participants appeared to be an endless striving for economizing on intra-, extra-, and interpersonal resources with the main purpose of preserving their existence with breathlessness. Suggesting a coping trajectory, four coping styles emerged in this self-protective process corresponding with the degree of pulmonary function, level of physical activity, energy expenditure and social status.

Conclusion: COPD patients' coping styles appear to correspond with their physical and psychosocial condition suggesting a “COPD coping trajectory”.
Isolation of Complementary DNA Clones for Genes Exhibiting Reduced Expression After Treatment of Mouse Teratocarcinoma Stem Cells With a Tumor-Promoting Phorbol Ester&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A Miyata, J Akagi, M Fukuda, C Setoyama, K Shimada, M Akagi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

For the study of the effects of the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on early mammalian cell differentiation, a complementary DNA (cDNA) library was constructed on the poly(A)+RNAs extracted from undifferentiated F9 cells derived from a 129/Sv mouse teratocarcinoma OTT6050, and screening was done for the cNDA sequences corresponding to the mRNAs, the levels of which decreased significantly in the F9 cells after the TPA treatment. From about 80,000 clones screened, 3 different cDNA clones, pFT27, pFT43, and pFT60, were isolated and characterized. Levels of the RNAs hybridizable to these clones were decreased by fourfold to more than fiftyfold within 1-10 hours in the presence of TPA. Northern blotting experiments identified transcripts corresponding to these clones: pFT27 hybridized to 3.0 kb RNA, pFT43 hybridized to 1.5 kb RNA, and pFT60 hybridized to 1.0 kb RNA. The levels of these 3 transcripts were also decreased after treatment of the undifferentiated F9 cells with retinoic acid (RA) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (cAMP). The TPA-induced as well as the RA- and cAMP-induced decreases in the RNAs hybridizable to pFT27 were regulated at the transcriptional level, whereas similar decreases in the RNAs hybridizable to pFT43 and pFT60 were regulated at the post-transcriptional level. These findings show that TPA treatment shares common effects with RA and cAMP on the undifferentiated F9 cells.
Correlates of dyspnea in the BOLD study
Authors: Rune Nielsen, William M. Vollmer, Jon A. Hardie, Inga Sif Ólafsdóttir, Bernd Lamprecht, A. Sonia Buist, Louisa Gnatiuc, Amund Gulsvik, Ane Johannessen, Paul Enright
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: To our knowledge, no study has assessed the worldwide variation in dyspnea prevalence or correlates of dyspnea.  Aim: We used cross-sectional data from population-based samples in 15 countries of the BOLD study to estimate prevalence of dyspnea in the full sample and in an a priori defined low-risk group (few risk factors or dyspnea-associated diseases).  Methods: Dyspnea was defined by the modified Medical Research Council questions. We used ordered logistic regression analysis to study the association of dyspnea with site, sex, age, education, smoking habits, low/high BMI, self-reported disease, and spirometry results.  Results: Of the 9,484 participants, 27% reported any dyspnea. In the low-risk subsample (N=4,329), 16% reported any dyspnea. All covariates were significantly associated with changes in dyspnea. In particular the odds ratio for increased dyspnea (95% confidence interval) was 2.16 (1.94-2.42) for being female, 1.92 (1.71-2.15) for obesity, 2.26 (1.94-2.63) for heart disease and 2.94 (1.58-5.48) for having gone through lung surgery. When forced vital capacity (FVC) fell below 60% of predicted, the increase in dyspnea accelerated. Through all models the site variables remained significant, although a declining Wald chi-square test indicated that up to 53% of the site effects might be explained by the included covariates.  Conclusions: Site differences in dyspnea prevalence persisted even after covariate adjustments. This might indicate cultural and language differences in the expression of symptoms. A curvilinear relation between FVC and dyspnea might suggest a threshold effect on dyspnea. Finally, dyspnea in low-risk subjects could be interpreted as an effect of physical deconditioning, rather than disease.
Downregulation of ASPP2 in pancreatic cancer cells contributes to increased resistance to gemcitabine through autophagy activation
Authors: Bin Song, Qi Bian, Yi-Jie Zhang, Cheng-Hao Shao, Gang Li, An-An Liu, Wei Jing, Rui Liu, Ying-Qi Zhou, Gang Jin, Xian-Gui Hu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

Apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) is one of the ASPP family members and it has been reported to be associated with human cancer. However, the role of it in pancreatic cancer is still not clear.We analyzed the expression level of ASPP2 in cancer tissue samples with RT-qPCR, Western Blotting assay and immunohistochemistry staining. We studied the biological function of ASPP2 and its mechanism with gene overexpression and gene silencing technologies. We determined the sensitivity of pancreatic cells with differential ASPP2 level to gemcitabine and whether autophagy inhibition affected the gemcitabine resistance, both in vitro and in vivo.Expression of ASPP2 was downregulated in cancerous tissues in comparison with para-cancerous tissues. ASPP2 expression was linked to clinical outcomes in patients and down-regulation of ASPP2 increased cell proliferation, autophagic flux, the activity of AMP Kinase of pancreatic cancer cells and vice versa. Knockdown of ASPP2 results in increased resistance to gemcitabine, which was attributed to the enhanced autophagy.ASSP2 expression is lower in cancerous tissues and decreased ASPP2 lead to higher cancer cells proliferation and autophagic flux, which contribute to the gemcitabine resistance.
Leucovorin plus 5-fluorouracil: an effective treatment for metastatic colon cancer.
Authors: L R Laufman, K A Krzeczowski, R Roach, M Segal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

In Columbus, OH, 46 patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer were treated with leucovorin (LV) 80 mg/m2/20 h intravenous (IV) infusion followed by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 400 mg/m2 IV bolus daily for three days and then once weekly. Many patients had liver (62%) and/or multisite metastases (53%), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) greater than 10 (76%), documented tumor progression before entry (51%), and tumor-related symptoms (36%), but also good performance status (84%). Prior therapy consisted of radiotherapy (RT) in 18%, chemotherapy in 22%, both in 4%, and none in 56%. There were 36% objective responses and 31% stabilization, which we believe is a significant change in the natural history of these patients. Median survival was 8 months. Improved survival was seen in patients with single- rather than multiple-site involvement. Decreasing CEA levels were seen in 59% (always in responders or patients with stable disease), and correlated with longer survival time (11.0 v 5.5 months, P = 0.01). Palliation of tumor related symptoms occurred in 75%, with or without antitumor effect. One patient with prior RT died of neutropenic sepsis after only the three-day load, so we now recommend only weekly therapy in previously radiated patients. Otherwise, toxicity was mild, manifest as weakness in 62%, nausea in 53%, or diarrhea in 47%, which was the most common dose-limiting side effect. The occurrence or absence of toxicity did not predict outcome. Because of equivalent efficacy, mild toxicity, and less expense, this regimen should be considered for patients who desire therapy.
Longitudinal Changes in Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Symptoms in Cotton Textile Workers
Authors: DAVID C. CHRISTIANI, XIAO-RONG WANG, LEI-DA PAN, HONG-XI ZHANG, BI-XIONG SUN, HELIAN DAI, ELLEN A. EISEN, DAVID H. WEGMAN, STEPHEN A. OLENCHOCK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

To evaluate the chronic effects of exposure to cotton dust, a 15-yr follow-up study in cotton textile workers was performed in Shanghai, China from 1981 to 1996. Testing occurred four times during the 15-yr period. The achieved follow-up rates were 76–88% of the original 447 cotton textile workers, and 70–85% of the original 472 silk textile workers (as a control group). Identical questionnaires, equipment, and methods were used throughout the study. The prevalence of byssinosis increased over time in cotton workers, with 15.3% at the last survey versus 7.6% at the baseline, whereas no byssinosis was found in silk workers. More workers in the cotton group consistently reported symptoms than in the silk group, although symptom reporting varied considerably from survey to survey. Cotton workers had small, but significantly greater, adjusted annual declines in FEV1 and FVC than did the silk workers. Years worked in cotton mills, high level of exposure to endotoxin, and across-shift drops in FEV1 were found to be significant determinants for longitudinal change in FEV1, after controlling for appropriate confounders. Furthermore, there were statistically significant associations between excessive loss of FEV1 and byssinosis, chest tightness at work, and chronic bronchitis in cotton workers. Workers who consistently (three or four of the surveys) reported byssinosis or chest tightness at work had a significantly greater 15-yr loss of FEV1. We conclude that long-term exposure to cotton dust is associated with chronic or permanent obstructive impairments. Consistent reporting of respiratory symptoms, including byssinosis and chest tightness at work, is of value to predict the magnitude and severity of chronic impairments in textile workers.