tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Crab Nebula of Life
Authors: J. Caspermeyer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Crabs—those sometimes pesky, hard-shelled beachcombers—are a highly diverse animal, with some 7,000 species found in oceans, lakes, and on land, varying in size from the diminutive pea crab (millimeters) to the giant 4-m wide Japanese spider crab. Tsang et al. (2014) have constructed the most complete and extensive data set to date. Their recalibrated crab gene tree using DNA and mitochondrial sequences from 140 species and 58 crab families provides some new important insights into the timing and diversity of crab evolution. The research team’s estimates confirm the fossil record of most living crab families and superfamilies first arising during the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary (60–100 Ma), at the same time when dinosaurs ruled the Earth. They also demonstrated that freshwater crabs were derived early in the evolution of true crabs and are shown to have at least two independent origins. Molecular methods estimate that freshwater crabs separated from their closest marine relatives after the break up of Pangaea (~200 Ma). The study refines many crab evolutionary issues and provides a new, comprehensive resource for scientists to further investigate the molecular underpinnings responsible for body forms, shapes, and functions among the various species.
Abstract 1797: Preclinical evaluation of HM-018, a potent and selective JAK inhibitor in the treatment of myloproliferative disorders
Authors: Yongxin Ren, Wei Deng, Weihua Gu, Wuzhong Shen, Youjun Yu, Xiaoning Yang, Zhixiang Zhang, Shiming Fan, Yang Sai, Jian Wang, James Yan, Jia Li, Helen Zhao, Weiguo Qing, Weiguo Su
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract JAK2 kinase mutation V617F is prevalent in myeloproliferative diseases (MPD), including polycythemia vera (PV, 81-99%), essential thrombocytosis (ET, 41-72%) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF, 39-57%). This point mutation constitutively activates the JAK kinase and leads to oncogenic potential of host cells, and thus making JAK2 a promising molecular target for MPD therapy. HM-018 is a small molecule inhibitor against JAK kinase and the compound's preclinical anti-MPD effects from signal transduction to biological consequences were investigated. HM-018 was found to inhibit JAK kinase 1, 2, 3 and TYK with IC50 of 0.010, 0.006, 0.040 and 0.047 μM, respectively. The compound demonstrated &amp;gt;100 folds selectivity against a panel of 63 kinases. In accordance with enzymatic activity, HM-018 suppressed ligand dependent or constitutive JAK activation in multiple cell lines as evidenced by the decrease of STAT3/5 phosphorylation. As a result, JAK dependent cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by HM-018. EPO-mediated mouse PV model was utilized to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the compound. HM-018 could shrink enlarged mouse spleen, a typical symptom of PV, in a dose dependent manner accompanied with decreased STAT5 phosphorylation both in animal spleen and in bone marrow after oral dosing for 7 days. To better mimic MPD development in a more clinically-relevant manner, JAK2-V617F-tranfected 32D cells were injected into mice intravenously, and it was observed that oral treatment of HM-018 not only prolonged the animal's life span, but also reduced MPD-related symptoms, such as spleen weight increase and organ invasion by malignant cells. Meanwhile, HM-018 exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and acceptable safety window in rats. Based on the preclinical data, HM-018 demonstrated anti-MPD potency both in vitro and in vivo, and the studies have provided rationale to further develop this compound as possible MPD therapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1797. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1797
Asda's reply
Authors: A. J Norman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—So far, 8000 general practitioners and other health professionals have expressed support for Asda's campaign to end resale price maintenance on well known, widely available health aids, medicines, and vitamins. It is interesting that those who deal daily with the concerns of ordinary people recognise that the price of everyday health care items is an issue.

Asda's purpose in opposing resale price maintenance is straightforward: we want to provide our customers with the products they need at a price that represents …
Age at Menarche and Type 2 Diabetes Risk
Authors: Cathy E. Elks, Ken K. Ong, Robert A. Scott, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Judith S. Brand, Petra A. Wark, Pilar Amiano, Beverley Balkau, Aurelio Barricarte, Heiner Boeing, Ana Fonseca-Nunes, Paul W. Franks, Sara Grioni, Jytte Halkjaer, Rudolf Kaaks, Timothy J. Key, Kay Tee Khaw, Amalia Mattiello, Peter M. Nilsson, Kim Overvad, Domenico Palli, J. Ramón Quirós, Sabina Rinaldi, Olov Rolandsson, Isabelle Romieu, Carlotta Sacerdote, María-José Sánchez, Annemieke M.W. Spijkerman, Anne Tjonneland, Maria-Jose Tormo, Rosario Tumino, Daphne L. van der A, Nita G. Forouhi, Stephen J. Sharp, Claudia Langenberg, Elio Riboli, Nicholas J. Wareham
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE Younger age at menarche, a marker of pubertal timing in girls, is associated with higher risk of later type 2 diabetes. We aimed to confirm this association and to examine whether it is explained by adiposity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study consists of 12,403 incident type 2 diabetes cases and a stratified subcohort of 16,154 individuals from 26 research centers across eight European countries. We tested the association between age at menarche and incident type 2 diabetes using Prentice-weighted Cox regression in 15,168 women (n = 5,995 cases). Models were adjusted in a sequential manner for potential confounding and mediating factors, including adult BMI. RESULTS Mean menarcheal age ranged from 12.6 to 13.6 years across InterAct countries. Each year later menarche was associated with 0.32 kg/m2 lower adult BMI. Women in the earliest menarche quintile (8–11 years, n = 2,418) had 70% higher incidence of type 2 diabetes compared with those in the middle quintile (13 years, n = 3,634), adjusting for age at recruitment, research center, and a range of lifestyle and reproductive factors (hazard ratio [HR], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.49–1.94; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Adjustment for BMI partially attenuated this association (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18–1.71; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Later menarche beyond the median age was not protective against type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Women with history of early menarche have higher risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Less than half of this association appears to be mediated by higher adult BMI, suggesting that early pubertal development also may directly increase type 2 diabetes risk.
TCT-89 Percutaneous Leaflet Therapy of Severe Primary Mitral Regurgitation: Totality of Evidence From the EVEREST II Randomized, Continued Access, and High Risk Clinical Programs
Authors: Saibal Kar, Scott Lim, Vivek Rajagopal, Tanvir Bajwa, Ramon Quesada, John Carroll, Elyse Foster, Neil Weissman, Alfredo Trento, Michael Mack, Donald Glower, Ted Feldman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Incidence, Mechanism, Predictors, and Long-Term Prognosis of Late Stent Malapposition After Bare-Metal Stent Implantation
Authors: Myeong-Ki Hong, Gary S. Mintz, Cheol Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Seung-Whan Lee, Jong-Min Song, Ki-Hoon Han, Duk-Hyun Kang, Jae-Kwan Song, Jae-Joong Kim, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Predictors and long-term prognosis of late stent malapposition (LSM) after bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation are unknown.We evaluated the incidence, mechanisms, predictors, and long-term prognosis of LSM after BMS implantation in 881 patients (992 native lesions) in whom intravascular ultrasound was performed at index and 6-month follow-up. LSM was defined as a separation of stent struts from the intimal surface of the arterial wall that was not presented at stent implantation. LSM occurred in 54 patients with 54 lesions (5.4% overall); the incidence was 10.3% (9 of 87) after directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) before stenting and 11.5% (11 of 96) after primary stenting in acute myocardial infarction (P=0.031 and P=0.007, respectively, versus elective stenting with conventional balloon pre-dilation, 4.3% [30 of 692]). There was an increase of external elastic membrane area (18.9+/-3.9 to 24.5+/-5.1 mm2, P<0.001) that was greater than the increase in plaque area (9.6+/-3.0 to 11.4+/-2.9 mm2, P<0.001). Independent predictors of LSM were primary stenting in acute myocardial infarction (P=0.023, OR=2.55, 95% CI=1.14 to 5.69) and DCA before stenting (P=0.025, OR=3.02, 95% CI=1.15 to 7.96). There were no significant differences in major adverse cardiac events between LSM and non-LSM groups during mean 3-year follow-up (1.9% versus 1.8%, respectively, P=NS).LSM occurs in approximately 5% after BMS implantation. The predictors of LSM are primary stenting in acute myocardial infarction and DCA before stenting. Compared with complete stent apposition at follow-up, LSM after BMS implantation is not associated with any major adverse cardiac events during a mean 3-year follow-up after detection of LSM.
Clinically Silent Brain Metastases: Can Radionuclide Scintigraphy Detect Them?
Authors: FRANK VIERAS, CHARLES M. BOYD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

The role of static and dynamic radionuclide brain imaging in the detection of occult brain metastases was evaluated by reviewing the brain images and case histories of 136 patients with neoplastic disease (mostly lung cancer) who, at the time of the scintigraphic study, lacked clinical evidence of brain metastases. Static studies were normal in 121, equivocal in 13, and abnormal in 2. One of the patients with an abnormal study had dural metastases; the other had skull metastases. None of the 13 equivocal scans was found to be indicative of metastasic disease. Cerebral flood flow studies were performed in 99 of the 136 patients and all were negative for evidence of metastatic disease. The results of this study do not support the use of brain scintigraphy for routine screening of asymptomatic cancer patients.
THU0082 Anti-P. Gingivalis Antibody is Correlated with Severity of Periodontitis (PD) but not with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Disease Activity in RA
Authors: J. Y. Lee, I. A. Choi, J.-H. Kim, K.-H. Kim, H. W. Kim, H. J. Oh, M. J. Yoon, E. Y. Lee, E. B. Lee, Y.-M. Lee, Y. W. Song
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Periodontitis (PD) has been suggested to be one of risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>P. ginvivalis, Pg</i>) is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that is recognized as a major pathogenic organism in periodontitis (PD). Anti-enolase 1 (ENO1) antibody is one of the autoantibodies in RA. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study examined the relationship between serum levels of anti-<i>Pg</i> and anti-ENO1 antibodies and PD severity and RA disease activity in patients with RA. <h3>Methods</h3> 246 Patients with RA and 85 age-, sex- matched non-RA controls were enrolled in this study. After rheumatologic and periodontal examination, serum levels of anti-<i>Pg</i> antibodies and anti-ENO1 antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). <h3>Results</h3> Patients with RA showed significantly higher levels of anti-<i>Pg</i> antibodies and, anti-ENO1 antibodies than controls (P= 0.002, P= 0.02). Anti-<i>Pg</i> antibodies were strongly correlated with anti-ENO1 antibodies in RA patients (p&lt;0.0001). In active RA, there were significant correlations between anti-<i>Pg</i> antibodies with probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) (P= 0.0014, P=0.0059). However, there were no correlations of anti-<i>Pg</i> antibodies and periodontal parameters in controls and inactive RA. Anti-ENO1 titer did not correlate with periodontal parameters except bleeding on probing (BOP) in RA. Anti-<i>Pg</i> antibodies were not correlated with RA disease activity except ESR (p= 0.0357). However anti-ENO1 antibodies were significantly correlated with ESR, DAS28-ESR, anti-CCP titer (P= 0.0008, P= 0.0092, P= 0.0129). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Anti-<i>Pg</i> antibodies and anti-ENO1 antibodies were elevated in RA patients than controls. Anti- <i>Pg</i> antibodies were correlated with severity of PD and anti-ENO1 antibodies were correlated with RA disease activity in RA patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Exercise-Triggered Paroxysmal Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: DELON WU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Electrophysiologic study, isoproterenol infusion, and serial treadmill exercise tests before and after administration of propranolol, verapamil, lidocaine, and procainamide were done in three patients with exercise-triggered ventricular tachycardia. In all three patients, organic heart diseases were absent. Ventricular tachycardia was reproducibly provoked with exercise and with isoproterenol infusion. Propranolol (tested in three patients) and lidocaine (tested in two patients) effectively prevented exercise provocation of tachycardia. Verapamil terminated tachycardia in all three patients and successfully prevented exercise provocation of tachycardia in only two patients. Procainamide was ineffective in one patient and was partially effective in two patients. In the latter two patients, ventricular ectopies, couplets, and short salvos remained provocable with exercise. Electrical stimulations with incremental ventricular pacing and ventricular extrastimulus testing failed to induce tachycardia in all three patients. These findings strongly suggest that repetitive rhythmic activities related to the catecholamine-sensitive afterdepolarizations are probably responsible for the exercise-triggered ventricular tachycardia.
Influence of residual perfusion within the infarct zone on the natural history of left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction: A myocardial contrast echocardiographic study
Authors: Luciano Agati, Paolo Voci, Federico Bilotta, Roberto Luongo, Camillo Autore, Maria Penco, Carlo Iacoboni, Francesco Fedele, Armando Dagianti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Long term effects of cyclophosphamide on testicular function.
Authors: A R Watson, C P Rance, J Bain
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Thirty men treated in childhood with cyclophosphamide for a mean of 280 days were assessed at a mean of 12.8 years after treatment for hormone concentrations and spermatogenesis. Four were azoospermic, nine oligospermic, and 17 normospermic. There was a significant inverse correlation of sperm density with cyclophosphamide dosage and duration of treatment. After a further mean follow up of 7.2 years three patients who were previously oligospermic and one who was azoospermic had normal sperm counts. All patients had normal sexual characteristics and libido. Serum androgen and prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Raised basal and stimulated follicle stimulating hormone concentrations were in keeping with impaired spermatogenesis. All patients had significantly raised luteinising hormone responses on stimulation with luteinising hormone releasing hormone. The results suggest compensated Leydig cell failure, and patients with this condition require long term evaluation of testicular function. Potential recovery of spermatogenesis with time requires appropriate counselling and contraceptive advice.
Combination alpha-interferon and lamivudine therapy for alpha-interferon-resistant chronic hepatitis B infection: results of a pilot study
Authors: David Mutimer, Nicolai Naoumov, Pieter Honkoop, George Marinos, Monz Ahmed, Robert de Man, Penny McPhillips, Mark Johnson, Roger Williams, Elwyn Elias, Solko Schalm
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Bone marrow transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia. Factors associated with early mortality
Authors: M. M. Bortin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Comprehensive data were reported to the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry, Milwaukee, regarding 156 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia who were treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation between 1978 and 1980. The minimum observation period was 15 months after transplant and most deaths occurred within the first six months. Prognostic factors were evaluated for associations with early mortality or life-threatening complications. Most early deaths were due to infections, interstitial pneumonitis, and graft- v-host disease (GVHD). Multivariate analyses disclosed five factors with significant associations with early death or a major cause of early death: (1) disease status; (2) dose-rate of irradiation; (3) drug used to prevent GVHD; (4) severity of GVHD; and (5) dose of marrow cells. It is emphasized that several of the important prognostic factors are within the control of the referring physician or the transplant team. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1166-1175)
Abstract 5709: Prevention of colitis-induced carcinogenesis with TNF-α antibody, infliximab; top-down strategy for colitic cancer prevention
Authors: Ki-Baik Hahm, Seok Ryeol Choi, Yoon Jae Kim, Kyung Sook Hong, Joon Won Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Prevention of colitis-induced carcinogenesis with TNF-α antibody, infliximab; top-down strategy for colitic cancer prevention Since colitis-associated cancers arise in the setting of chronic inflammation, during which “inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma” sequence prevails, we investigated whether infliximab can prevent the development of inflammation-associated colon cancer in rat models, for which 6 week old C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 15 cycles of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) with each cycle consisting of 0.7% DSS for 1 week followed by distilled water for 10days. Infliximab, 4mg/kg, was given intravenously on 1st, 3rd, and 7th week or 25th, 27th, and 31th week after commencement of repeated bouts of colitis to compare cancer preventing effect of “step-up” versus “top-down” strategy. Additionally, molecular changes regarding inflammation and carcinogenesis were compared between colitis cancer group and colitis cancer group treated with infliximab in addition to in vitro documentation of molecular changes in cells. Multiple colorectal tumors developed in 75-80% of control mice, whereas only 16.7% of mice treated with infliximab at 1st, 3rd, and 7th weeks developed colon tumors. This significant reduction in tumor development with earlier administration of infliximab was correlated with significant decreases in serum NO levels, serum and tissue levels of TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2. The expressions and activities of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-3, MMP-9, and MMP-11 were significantly decreased in mice treated with infliximab in accordance with attenuated expression of β-catenin accumulated crypts in infliximab treated mice group. However, in repeated set of colitis-induced carcinogenesis experiment, where infliximab was administered at later stage of 25th, 27th, and 31th weeks, no reduction in colon tumor was noted compared to control group. In conclusion, potent anti-inflammatory treatment in the early stage of inflammation could reduce colitis-associated cancer, stratifying the rationale that earlier and intensive therapy with infliximab should be considered for either ameliorating clinical course or preventing colitic cancer in high risk patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5709.
Risk of lung cancer associated with domestic use of coal in Xuanwei, China: retrospective cohort study
Authors: F. Barone-Adesi, R. S. Chapman, D. T. Silverman, X. He, W. Hu, R. Vermeulen, B. Ning, J. F. Fraumeni, N. Rothman, Q. Lan
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Objective To estimate the risk of lung cancer associated with the use of different types of coal for household cooking and heating. Setting Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, China. Design Retrospective cohort study (follow-up 1976-96) comparing mortality from lung cancer between lifelong users of "smoky coal" (bituminous) and "smokeless coal" (anthracite). Participants 27 310 individuals using smoky coal and 9962 individuals using smokeless coal during their entire life. Main outcome measures Primary outcomes were absolute and relative risk of death from lung cancer among users of different types of coal. Unadjusted survival analysis was used to estimate the absolute risk of lung cancer, while Cox regression models compared mortality hazards for lung cancer between smoky and smokeless coal users. Results Lung cancer mortality was substantially higher among users of smoky coal than users of smokeless coal. The absolute risks of lung cancer death before 70 years of age for men and women using smoky coal were 18% and 20%, respectively, compared with less than 0.5% among smokeless coal users of both sexes. Lung cancer alone accounted for about 40% of all deaths before age 60 among individuals using smoky coal. Compared with smokeless coal, use of smoky coal was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer death (for men, hazard ratio 36 (95% confidence interval 20 to 65); for women, 99 (37 to 266)). Conclusions In Xuanwei, the domestic use of smoky coal is associated with a substantial increase in the absolute lifetime risk of developing lung cancer and is likely to represent one of the strongest effects of environmental pollution reported for cancer risk. Use of less carcinogenic types of coal could translate to a substantial reduction of lung cancer risk.