tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Non fatal pulmonary haemorrhage associated with nitrofurantoin.
Authors: C E Bucknall, M R Adamson, S W Banham
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Various adverse pulmonary reactions have been recorded. w.e5* ^. .. after administration of nitrofurantoin.1 2 Acute pulmonary . .infiltrates, resolving quickly with withdrawal of the drug, E a pleural effusions, and (less commonly) a chronic form of
Common blue naevus with satellite lesions: possible perivascular dissemination resulting in a clinical resemblance to malignant melanoma
Authors: D.S. Kang, K-Y. Chung
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

We report a case of common blue naevus with polymorphous guttate and linear satellite lesions, thereby mimicking peripherally spreading malignant melanoma. Histopathologic examination showed that the naevus cells are clustered around blood vessels in the primary as well as satellite lesions, suggestive of spreading of the naevus cells along the perivascular space. Such biological behaviour resulting in a clinical manifestation of a malignant melanoma-like lesion is a rarity in common blue naevus, a benign cutaneous disorder that is devoid of a malignant potential, and has not been described before.
KIT-D816V–independent oncogenic signaling in neoplastic cells in systemic mastocytosis: role of Lyn and Btk activation and disruption by dasatinib and bosutinib
Authors: Karoline V. Gleixner, Matthias Mayerhofer, Sabine Cerny-Reiterer, Gregor Hörmann, Uwe Rix, Keiryn L. Bennett, Emir Hadzijusufovic, Renata A. Meyer, Winfried F. Pickl, Jason Gotlib, Hans-Peter Horny, Andreas Reiter, Gerlinde Mitterbauer-Hohendanner, Giulio Superti-Furga, Peter Valent
Journal: Blood (2011)
A New Approach to Reducing Suboptimal Drug Use
Authors: Jerry Avorn
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In 1979, the National Center for Health Services Research (NCHSR) began a grant program to encourage research on improving the quality and economy of prescription drug use. The article by Schaffner et al in this issue ofThe Journal(p 1728) is one product of that timely initiative. Their research responds to the increasingly evident need—and desire—of practicing physicians for a relevant, convenient, and unbiased source of accurate prescribing information. In this study, Schaffner and co-workers demonstrate an impressive reduction in inappropriate antibiotic use by office-based physicians who were visited by a colleague serving as a peripatetic medication advisor. The drug targets were hard to dispute: few clinicians would defend oral chloramphenicol or clindamycin, or tettacycline for children, as rational outpatient therapy, given the plethora of safer antibiotics available. The fact that the investigators could find more than 200 physicians in their state using these agents on ambulatory patients is
Compliance therapy in psychotic patients: randomised controlled trial
Authors: R. Kemp, P. Hayward, G. Applewhaite, B. Everitt, A. David
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine whether compliance therapy, a cognitive-behavioural intervention, could improve compliance with treatment and hence social adjustment in acutely psychotic inpatients, and if so, whether the effect persisted six months later. <b>Design</b>: Randomised controlled trial of compliance therapy and non-specific counselling, each comprising 4-6 sessions lasting 10-60 minutes. <b>Setting</b>: Acute psychiatric admissions ward serving an inner London catchment area. <b>Subjects</b>: 47 patients with psychosis. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Informant and observer reported measure of compliance; observer assessed global functioning after intervention and three and six months later; self rated attitudes to drug treatment after the intervention and one month later; symptom scores after intervention and six months later. <b>Results</b>: 25 patients received compliance therapy and showed significantly greater improvements in their attitudes to drug treatment and in their insight into illness and compliance with treatment compared with the control group. These gains persisted for six months. The intervention group was 5.2 times more likely than the control group to reach a criterion level of compliance (95% confidence interval 1.5 to 18.3). Global functioning showed a tendency to improve more in the intervention group after a delay (odds ratio 3.0 (0.8 to 11.5) to reach the criterion level at six months). Four subjects given compliance therapy and six in the control group were readmitted during follow up (odds ratio 2.0 (0.48 to 8.2)). <b>Conclusions</b>: Compliance therapy is a pragmatic method for improving compliance with drug treatment in psychotic inpatients and its gains persist for at least six months. Overall functioning may also be enhanced. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Compliance is strongly related to attitudes to treatment and to insight The study found that such attitudes may be influenced by a simple and brief intervention known as compliance therapy Compliance therapy compared with non-specific counselling leads to improved compliance The improvement is sustained for at least six months and may lead to improved social functioning
Early diagnosis of asymptomatic oral and oropharyngeal squamous cancers
Authors: A. Mashberg, A. Samit
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1995)

An examination of the oral cavity and oropharynx in asymptomatic patients at high risk requires an orderly visual inspection of the entire oral and oropharyngeal mucosa with particular attention to the tongue, floor of mouth, soft palate, uvula, tonsillar pillars, and the lingual aspects of the retromolar trigones. Completion and clear documentation of the entire examination should be recorded. Detected lesions that do not resolve in a reasonable length of time--two to three weeks--require intense and assiduous investigation. The following specifics should be considered. 1. Alcohol drinkers and cigarette smokers, especially those 40 years of age and older, are at very high risk for the development of upper aerodigestive tract and lung squamous carcinomas. 2. The floor of the mouth, the ventrolateral tongue, and the soft palate complex are the high-risk sites within the oral cavity and oropharynx. 3. Persistent mucosal erythroplasia rather than leukoplakia is the earliest visual sign of oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma. These lesions should not be regarded merely as precancerous changes. The evidence indicates that these lesions in high-risk sites should be considered to be invasive carcinoma or carcinoma in situ unless proven otherwise by biopsy. 4. Toluidine blue staining is a useful diagnostic adjunct, particularly as a method of ruling out false-negative clinical impressions. It may also be used as a rinse in high-risk patients to encompass the entire oral mucosa after a negative clinical examination and as a guide to improve biopsy yields. 5. If oral or oropharyngeal cancer is identified, evaluations of the larynx, hypopharynx, esophagus, and lungs should be performed to rule out multiple primary cancers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Does an Apple a Day Keep Breast Cancer Away?
Authors: Martha L. Slattery
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Levers to generate movement
Authors: U. Windhorst
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The following questions are discussed: (1) Who determines the nature of “control variables”? (2) Is the “positional monopoly” healthy? (3) Does a descending command alter reflex threshold alone without eoncomitantly altering stiffness? (4) How does the CNS deal with history-dependent effects? (5) Should we abandon the idea that the CNS controls classical Newtonian variables such as muscle length?
Progelatinase A is produced and activated by rat hepatic stellate cells and promotes their proliferation
Authors: Christopher R. Benyon, Christopher J. Hovell, Marianna Da Gaça, Emma H. Jones, John P. Iredale, Michael J. P. Arthur
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a potential source of gelatinase A, which accumulates in fibrotic livers. Progelatinase A activation requires its binding to a complex of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2. These studies examine gelatinase A, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 synthesis by HSCs during activation in vitro and the potential role of gelatinase A in promoting HSC proliferation. Gelatinase A, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) were all upregulated in HSCs activated on plastic over 5 to 14 days. Gelatinase A expression was maximal at 7 days of culture, coinciding with the peak of HSC proliferation and the onset of procollagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA expression. Active forms of gelatinase A of 62 kd and 66 kd were secreted by activated HSCs and reached a maximum of 12.1% of total enzyme in 14-day culture supernatants. Treatment of HSCs with concanavalin A (con A) induced activation of MT1-MMP and enhanced secretion of activated gelatinase A, which reached a maximum of 44.4% of the total enzyme secreted into culture supernatants using 30 μg/mL con A. [ 14 C]-gelatin degradation assays confirmed the presence of gelatinolytic activity in activated HSC supernatants, which reached a maximum level at 7 days of culture. Antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of endogenous progelatinase A production, or the MMP inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline inhibited 3 H-thymidine incorporation into HSC DNA by greater than 50%. We conclude that HSCs produce progelatinase A during activation in vitro and activate this enzyme coincident with MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 synthesis. Gelatinase A activity is required for maximal proliferation of HSCs in vitro suggesting this metalloproteinase is an autocrine proliferation factor for HSCs.
The Libby Zion Case
Authors: D A Asch, R M Parker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

The unexpected death of a young woman at the New York Hospital in 1984 prompted a series of regional investigations that have resulted in recommendations of profound changes in graduate medical education. An initial proposal included the suggestion that work shifts be imposed to limit the long hours traditionally worked by house officers. Although this proposal was sparked by a single event, it did not occur in isolation; a variety of forces from inside and outside the profession gave it support. We examine the political and social pressures that urged the adoption of work shifts in the medical profession and . . .
Retinol-Binding Protein 4: A Promising Circulating Marker of Liver Damage in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Valerio Nobili, Naim Alkhouri, Anna Alisi, Simonetta Ottino, Rocio Lopez, Melania Manco, Ariel E. Feldstein
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
The MicroRNA miR-181 Is a Critical Cellular Metabolic Rheostat Essential for NKT Cell Ontogenesis and Lymphocyte Development and Homeostasis
Authors: Jorge Henao-Mejia, Adam Williams, Loyal A. Goff, Matthew Staron, Paula Licona-Limón, Susan M. Kaech, Maki Nakayama, John L. Rinn, Richard A. Flavell
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Remarkable response of lipoid proteinosis to oral dimethyl sulphoxide
Authors: CHU-KWAN WONG, CHRANG-SHI LIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

We report the successful treatment of lipoid proteinosis in a 41‐year‐old man using oral dimethyl sulphoxide. The initial dosage was 40 mg/kg/day, which was then increased progressively to 60 mg/kg/day. After 3 years of treatment, the patient's skin lesions, hoarseness of voice and abnormal oesophageal function improved remarkably. No side‐effects were noted except for a garlic‐like smell on the patient's breath.
NEXUS Chest
Authors: Robert M. Rodriguez, Deirdre Anglin, Mark I. Langdorf, Brigitte M. Baumann, Gregory W. Hendey, Richard N. Bradley, Anthony J. Medak, Ali S. Raja, Paul Juhn, Jonathan Fortman, William Mulkerin, William R. Mower
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

IMPORTANCE Chest radiography (chest x-ray [CXR] and chest computed tomography [CT]) is the most common imaging in blunt trauma evaluation.Unnecessary trauma imaging leads to greater costs, emergency department time, and patient exposure to ionizing radiation.OBJECTIVE To validate our previously derived decision instrument (NEXUS Chest) for identification of blunt trauma patients with very low risk of thoracic injury seen on chest imaging (TICI).We hypothesized that NEXUS Chest would have high sensitivity (>98%) for the prediction of TICI and TICI with major clinical significance.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS From December 2009 to January 2012, we enrolled blunt trauma patients older than 14 years who received chest radiography in this prospective, observational, diagnostic decision instrument study at 9 US level I trauma centers.Prior to viewing radiographic results, physicians recorded the presence or absence of the NEXUS Chest 7 clinical criteria (age >60 years, rapid deceleration mechanism, chest pain, intoxication, abnormal alertness/mental status, distracting painful injury, and tenderness to chest wall palpation). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThoracic injury seen on chest imaging was defined as pneumothorax, hemothorax, aortic or great vessel injury, 2 or more rib fractures, ruptured diaphragm, sternal fracture, and pulmonary contusion or laceration seen on radiographs.An expert panel generated an a priori classification of clinically major, minor, and insignificant TICIs according to associated management changes. RESULTSOf 9905 enrolled patients, 43.1% had a single CXR, 42.0% had CXR and chest CT, 6.7% had CXR and abdominal CT (without chest CT), 5.5% had multiple CXRs without CT, and 2.6% had chest CT alone in the emergency department.The most common trauma mechanisms were motorized vehicle crash (43.9%), fall (27.5%),pedestrian struck by motorized vehicle (10.7%), bicycle crash (6.3%), and struck by blunt object, fists, or kicked (5.8%).Thoracic injury seen on chest imaging was seen in 1478 (14.9%) patients with 363 (24.6%) of these having major clinical significance, 1079 (73.0%) minor clinical significance, and 36 (2.4%) no clinical significance.NEXUS Chest had a sensitivity of 98.8% (95% CI, 98.1%-99.3%),a negative predictive value of 98.5% (95% CI, 97.6%.6-99.1%),and a specificity of 13.3% (95% CI, 12.6%-14.1%)for TICI.The sensitivity and negative predictive value for TICI with clinically major injury were 99.7% (95% CI, 98.2%-100.0%)and 99.9% (95% CI, 99.4%-100.0%),respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEWe have validated the NEXUS Chest decision instrument, which may safely reduce the need for chest imaging in blunt trauma patients older than 14 years.
Case 2-1965
Authors: Thomas H. Green, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Presentation of Case First admission. A seventeen-year-old girl entered the hospital because of pain in the abdomen.She had been well until the previous evening, when there was the onset of crampy pain in the lower portion of the abdomen. On the following day the pain intensified and became localized in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen. Several hours before admission pain in the right shoulder developed. Rectal pain occurred when she strained during a bowel movement. The menses began on the day before entry, one week early; the last preceding menstrual period had started twenty-two days previously.Physical . . .
Efficacy and tolerability of biologic and nonbiologic systemic treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: J. Schmitt, Z. Zhang, G. Wozel, M. Meurer, W. Kirch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background The comparative efficacy and tolerability of conventional and biologic treatments for moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis are unknown. Objectives To perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting efficacy of systemic treatments approved for moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis by means of the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Methods We identified relevant articles by systematic electronic searches (Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Scopus). Efficacy was defined as proportion of participants with ≥ 75% decrease in PASI (PASI‐75) at primary efficacy measurement (week 8–16). PASI‐75 response rates of double‐blind placebo‐controlled trials were summarized as risk differences (RDs) and pooled using random effects models. Tolerability was assessed from rates of withdrawals and adverse events. Results Twenty‐four RCTs totalling 9384 patients were analysed qualitatively. Sixteen double‐blind placebo‐controlled trials were eligible for meta‐analysis. Infliximab was significantly superior to all other interventions [RD 77%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 72–81%]. Adalimumab (RD 64%, 95% CI 61–68%) was superior to ciclosporin (RD 33%, 95% CI 13–52%), efalizumab (RD 24%, 95% CI 19–30%), etanercept 50 mg twice weekly (RD 44%, 95% CI 40–48%) and etanercept 25 mg twice weekly (RD 30%, 95% CI 25–35%). Efalizumab was significantly less efficacious than fumaric acid esters (RD 48%, 95% CI 32–64%). Rates of withdrawals due to adverse events were highest for methotrexate and fumaric acid esters. Conclusions The efficacy of systemic agents approved for moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis differs considerably both within and between biologics and nonbiologics. Infliximab is most efficacious, followed by adalimumab. Patients receiving infliximab have an excess chance of 77% over placebo to achieve PASI‐75 response. Published evidence questions regulatory guidelines that recommend biologics as second‐line therapy for moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis.
Bile acid secretion in cystic fibrosis: evidence for a defect unrelated to fat malabsorption.
Authors: Z Weizman, P R Durie, H R Kopelman, S M Vesely, G G Forstner
Journal: Gut (1986)

In order to define basic biliary defects not related to steatorrhoea in cystic fibrosis, we studied 12 control and 18 cystic fibrosis subjects, with a wide range of pancreatic function. Duodenal aspirates were collected over three consecutive 20 minute periods, during continuous intravenous infusion of cholecystokinin and secretin using a marker perfusion technique, and analysed for pancreatic enzyme output (colipase, lipase, trypsin), bile acid output and concentration, and biliary lipids. Cystic fibrosis patients, at all levels of pancreatic function, had significantly reduced total bile acid output (mumol/kg/h) with delayed appearance of the bile acid peak, compared with control subjects. Actual duodenal bile acid concentrations were significantly higher in cystic fibrosis subjects than in controls, however, probably because of the markedly reduced water output shown in these patients. The lithogenic index was not raised in cystic fibrosis patients at any level of pancreatic function. The reduced bile acid output and the delayed peak appearance probably reflect a defect in gall bladder responsiveness which is independent of pancreatic function and steatorrhoea. Whether this defect is related to gall bladder filling or a defective peptide hormone response awaits further study.
Sequential Liver-Spleen Scanning for Documentation of Wandering Spleen
Authors: STEVEN M. BARNETT, JEFFERY R. POOLE, RUSSELL C. BRIGGS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

An additional case of wandering spleen is reported. A brief review of the etiology of this entity, as well as various findings obtained with nuclear imaging of the spleen, is presented. The authors discuss the relevance of repeated spleen scans to the clinical decision making process. Particular significance is paid to preservation of the spleen to maintain immunologic competence.
NPC2 is expressed in human and murine liver and secreted into bile: Potential implications for body cholesterol homeostasis
Authors: Andrés Klein, Ludwig Amigo, María José Retamal, María Gabriela Morales, Juan Francisco Miquel, Attilio Rigotti, Silvana Zanlungo
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The liver plays a critical role in the metabolism of lipoprotein cholesterol and in controlling its elimination through the bile. Niemann-Pick type C 2 (NPC2), a cholesterol-binding protein, is key for normal intracellular trafficking of lipoprotein cholesterol, allowing its exit from the endolysosomal pathway into the metabolically active pool of the cell. In addition, NPC2 is a secretory protein from astrocytes and epididymal cells. Although NPC2 mRNA is detected in the liver, plasma and biliary NPC2 protein levels and function have not been reported. This study demonstrates that NPC2 is present in murine and human plasma and bile. In addition, hepatic NPC2 protein expression was dramatically increased in NPC1-deficient mice but not regulated by cholesterol feeding or pharmacological modulation of various nuclear receptors involved in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. Interestingly, biliary NPC2 levels were 3-fold increased in gallstone-susceptible C57BL6/J versus gallstone-resistant BALB/c mice. Furthermore, NPC2 was exclusively found in the cholesterol pro-nucleating ConA-binding fraction of human bile. In conclusion, NPC2 is secreted from the liver into bile and plasma, where it may have a functional role in cholesterol transport in normal and disease conditions.
Public understanding of science
Authors: F E James
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

How right Dr Baron is (October 2003, JRSM1): the public does need to be more informed about science. C P Snow wrote of the two cultures 'which are for the most part expressed in two languages'.2 Each science has its own language, sometimes called jargon; without these special languages, academic study and accumulation of knowledge would be impossible. Some individuals have exceptional ability to explain scientific ideas in everyday language but this does not do away with the need for the languages of science. One frequently hears today of changing hearts and minds, but the heart is merely a pumping organ and mind a collective noun for many different brain functions. Words such as seeing, memory and emotion describe not single entities but complex cerebral functions. In trying to keep track of developments the public needs to be aware of cultural and language differences and to recognize that, in the phase of problem-solving, scientists may themselves be divided.