tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association study of polymorphisms within interleukin‐18 in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and bronchial asthma
Authors: A. Heinzmann, K. Gerhold, K. Ganter, T. Kurz, L. Schuchmann, R. Keitzer, R. Berner, K. A. Deichmann
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) plays an important role in the regulation of TH1 as well as TH2 immunologic responses and thus in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Positive association studies of polymorphisms in IL‐18 with different diseases have underlined the involvement of IL‐18 in the pathogenetics processes. Our interest was to test polymorphisms of IL‐18 for association with a typical TH1‐mediated disease – juvenile idiopathic arthritis – and the TH2‐mediated disease bronchial asthma in Caucasian children. Methods: We genotyped five polymorphisms that were in association with chronic inflammatory diseases (−607C, −137C, 113G, 127T, and −133G). This was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism in populations of asthmatic children, control individuals, and children with antinuclear antibodies (ANA)‐positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Statistical analysis was performed by the Armitage trend test; haplotypes were calculated by the Arlequine program. Results: No significant association was found between any single nucleotide polymorphism or any haplotype and bronchial asthma or ANA‐positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Conclusion: We conclude that the effect of IL‐18 in the immunologic context of diseases like bronchial asthma or juvenile arthritis might be too complex to be reflected in a simple one‐way association study. Furthermore, the polymorphisms under investigation might be nonfunctional.
Overweight Children and Adolescents
Authors: William H. Dietz, Thomas N. Robinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A seven-year-old girl is 130 cm tall (the 90th percentile for girls of the same age) and weighs 34.6 kg (above the 95th percentile), with a body-mass index of 20.5 (above the 95th percentile). Physical examination reveals no abnormalities aside from her excess weight. She eats fast food and drinks soft drinks regularly, has limited exercise, and watches television or uses the computer for hours each day. What should you advise?
Talin1 Promotes Tumor Invasion and Metastasis via Focal Adhesion Signaling and Anoikis Resistance
Authors: Shinichi Sakamoto, Richard O. McCann, Rajiv Dhir, Natasha Kyprianou
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Talin1 is a focal adhesion complex protein that regulates integrin interactions with ECM. This study investigated the significance of talin1 in prostate cancer progression to metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Talin1 overexpression enhanced prostate cancer cell adhesion, migration, and invasion by activating survival signals and conferring resistance to anoikis. ShRNA-mediated talin1 loss led to a significant suppression of prostate cancer cell migration and transendothelial invasion in vitro and a significant inhibition of prostate cancer metastasis in vivo. Talin1-regulated cell survival signals via phosphorylation of focal adhesion complex proteins, such as focal adhesion kinase and Src, and downstream activation of AKT. Targeting AKT activation led to a significant reduction of talin1-mediated prostate cancer cell invasion. Furthermore, talin1 immunoreactivity directly correlated with prostate tumor progression to metastasis in the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate mouse model. Talin1 profiling in human prostate specimens revealed a significantly higher expression of cytoplasmic talin1 in metastatic tissue compared with primary prostate tumors (P < 0.0001). These findings suggest (a) a therapeutic significance of disrupting talin1 signaling/focal adhesion interactions in targeting metastatic prostate cancer and (b) a potential value for talin1 as a marker of tumor progression to metastasis.
Cardiac hypertrophy and antihypertensive therapy
Authors: S. SEN, R. C. TARAZI, F. M. BUMPUS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Biochemical (myocardial DNA, RNA, and hydroxyproline) and humoral (plasma [PRA] and kidney [KRA] renin activity) factors were determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar controls (NR) before and following treatment with minoxidil or propranolol. Minoxidil (150 mg·litre−1 drinking water) effectively controlled blood pressure (17.3 kPa vs 24.9 kPa [130 mmHg vs 187 mmHg], P <0.001) despite marked and sustained increases in both PRA and KRA ventricular weight which were not reduced and myocardial DNA, RNA, and hydroxyproline which were increased by minoxidil (P<0.01). In contrast propranolol did not reduce blood pressure in SHR but ventricular weight was reduced somewhat (3.1 ±0.4 mg·g−1vs 3.4 ± 0.09 mg·g−1, P < 0.05); in both S HR and NR, KRA, and PRA were lowered by pranolol. Methyldopa which controlled blood pressure and lowered PRA led to a reversal of hypertrophy. Thus, although blood pressure control is obviously important for reversing cardiac hypertrophy, it may not be the sole factor for the development and reversal of cardiac hypertrophy.
Sustaining Cardiac Claudin-5 Levels Prevents Functional Hallmarks of Cardiomyopathy in a Muscular Dystrophy Mouse Model
Authors: Dawn A Delfín, Ying Xu, Kevin E Schill, Tessily A Mays, Benjamin D Canan, Kara E Zang, Jamie A Barnum, Paul ML Janssen, Jill A Rafael-Fortney
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Identification of new molecular targets in heart failure could ultimately have a substantial positive impact on both the health and financial aspects of treating the large heart failure population. We originally identified reduced levels of the cell junction protein claudin-5 specifically in heart in the dystrophin/utrophin-deficient (Dmd(mdx);Utrn(-/-)) mouse model of muscular dystrophy and cardiomyopathy, which demonstrates physiological hallmarks of heart failure. We then showed that at least 60% of cardiac explant samples from patients with heart failure resulting from diverse etiologies also have reduced claudin-5 levels. These claudin-5 reductions were independent of changes in other cell junction proteins previously linked to heart failure. The goal of this study was to determine whether sustaining claudin-5 levels is sufficient to prevent the onset of histological and functional indicators of heart failure. Here, we show the proof-of-concept rescue experiment in the Dmd(mdx);Utrn(-/-) model, in which claudin-5 reductions were originally identified. Expression of claudin-5 4 weeks after a single administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) containing a claudin-5 expression cassette prevented the onset of physiological hallmarks of cardiomyopathy and improved histological signs of cardiac damage. This experiment demonstrates that claudin-5 may represent a novel treatment target for prevention of heart failure.
Stimulation of pulmonary vagal afferent C-fibers by lung edema in dogs.
Authors: A M Roberts, J Bhattacharya, H D Schultz, H M Coleridge, J C Coleridge
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

In anesthetized, open-chest dogs we examined the effect of pulmonary edema on the firing frequency of afferent vagal fibers arising from the lung. We recorded impulses from slips of the cervical vagus nerves and infused isotonic Krebs-Henseleit solution (20% of body weight) intravenously to increase net filtration pressure in the lung microvasculature. Measurement of extravascular lung water (6.0 +/- 0.4 g/g dry lung), and morphological examination of lung tissue (revealing various degrees of perivascular and peribronchial cuffing) confirmed that edema was present. At the end of the infusion when the lungs were congested (lung microvascular pressure, 37 cm water) and edematous, the impulse frequency of pulmonary and bronchial C-fibers and rapidly adapting receptors had increased 5-6 times. The only significant change in slowly adapting receptor activity was an increase during deflation. When lung water was still elevated but lung microvascular pressure had been restored to control by withdrawal of blood, impulse activity of rapidly and slowly adapting receptors reverted to or below control. Pulmonary C-fiber activity, although less than during congestion, remained significantly above control, several C-fibers being stimulated by interstitial edema in the absence of alveolar edema. Bronchial C-fibers were stimulated in severely edematous lung showing pronounced peribronchial cuffing and alveolar edema, but were not stimulated in milder grades of edema. Our results support the hypothesis (Paintal, 1969) that pulmonary C-fibers (J-receptors) are stimulated by an increase in interstitial pressure secondary to edema.
Complications of topical corticosteroid therapy in patients with liver disease
Authors: J.L. Burton, W.J. Cunliffe, G. Holti, V. Wright
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Complications of topical corticosteroid therapy in patients with liver disease Get access J.L. Burton, J.L. Burton Department of Dermatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.J. Cunliffe, W.J. Cunliffe Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Holti, G. Holti Department of Dermatology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Wright V. Wright Department of Rheumatology, The General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue s10, 1 July 1974, Pages 22–23, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12487.x Published: 01 July 1974
Endoscopic treatment versus endoscopic plus pharmacologic treatment for acute variceal bleeding: A meta-analysis
Authors: Rafael Bañares, Agustín Albillos, Diego Rincón, Sonia Alonso, Mónica González, Luis Ruiz-del-Arbol, Magdalena Salcedo, Luis-Miguel Molinero
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Endoscopic therapy, involving either injection sclerosis or band ligation, is considered the intervention of first choice for acute variceal bleeding (AVB). Pharmacologic agents have also been shown to be highly effective in the control of the bleeding episode. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess whether vasoactive drugs may improve the efficacy of endoscopic therapy (injection sclerosis or band ligation) in the control of AVB and thus increase survival rates. Computer databases and scientific meeting abstracts from 1994 to 2001 were used to search for randomized trials that compared the combined use of endoscopic and drug therapy with endoscopic therapy alone in the control of AVB. Eight trials involving 939 patients fulfilled the selection criteria and the following evaluated by standard meta-analysis methods: initial hemostasis, 5-day hemostasis, 5-day mortality, and adverse events. Combined treatment improved initial control of bleeding (relative risk [RR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.23), and 5-day hemostasis (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.18-1.39), with numbers of patients needed to treat (NNT) of 8 and 5, respectively. The difference in favor of combined treatment remained significant when trials that used drugs other than octreotide or that included a low proportion of alcoholic patients (&lt;40%) or high-risk cirrhotic patients (&lt;35%) were excluded. Mortality was not significantly decreased by combined therapy (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.45-1.18). Severe adverse events were similar in both groups. In conclusion, in patients with AVB, pharmacologic agents improve the efficacy of endoscopic therapy to achieve initial control of bleeding and 5-day hemostasis, yet fail to affect mortality.
Renal Transplantation in a Community Hospital
Authors: Alvin L. Sellers
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Eighty renal transplantations were performed at an urban community hospital over a ten-year period. Forty-two transplants were from living related donors and 38 from cadaver donors. The one-year rejection rate for cadaveric transplants was 35% and for transplants between parents and children, 31%, whereas only one of 21 (5%) transplants between siblings was rejected during the first year. These results compare favorably with those reported by others and appear to justify performance of kidney transplantation in the community hospital setting where large numbers of transplant surgeons and nephrologists are involved, and where the number of transplants never has exceeded 15 per year.
The effect of cold air inhalation on again pectoris and myocardial oxygen supply.
Authors: M Hattenhaur, W A Neill
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Inhalation of cold air (-20 degrees C) for four minutes provoked angina pectoris in four of 17 coronary disease patients at rest and in four of seven of the patients while they were paced at a heart rate level which was subanginal at room temperature. The cold air did not increase myocardial O2 consumption significantly, and the accompanying changes in systemic hemodynamic factors known to influence myocardial O2 consumption were minor. Coronary blood flow determined by the xenon clearance method did not change significantly. In 18 patients, cold air inhalation for 1 1/2 minutes caused no detectable constriction of coronary arteries visualized arteriographically. We conclude that angina pectoris induced by breathing cold air cannot be explained satisfactorily by a concurrent increase in myocardial work and O2 consumption. Although neither large coronary artery constriction nor generalized coronary arteriole constriction seem to be involved, some other specific effect of cold air inhalation on coronary vasomotion, perhaps affecting collaterals or coronary blood flow distribution, is suspected.
HPV in Men
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Polymorphisms in the Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Gene Promoter May Predispose to Severe Silicosis in Black South African Miners
Authors: ELIZABETH L. CORBETT, NADINE MOZZATO-CHAMAY, ANTHONY E. BUTTERWORTH, KEVIN M. DE COCK, BRIAN G. WILLIAMS, GAVIN J. CHURCHYARD, DAVID J. CONWAY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Susceptibility to silicosis is in part genetically determined. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α , a cytokine with a central role in the pathophysiology of silicosis, have been associated with predisposition to several infectious and inflammatory diseases. Polymorphisms at positions − 308, − 238, and − 376 in the TNF- α promoter region were compared in nine patients with severe silicosis with International Labour Office (ILO) grade 3 nodularity, 112 patients with less severe silicosis (ILO grades 1/1 to 2/2), and 120 black South African gold miners without silicosis (ILO grades 0/0) in an age–frequency-matched case– control study. There were no significant differences between miners with less severe silicosis and controls at any loci in the TNF- α promoter region, but miners with severe silicosis were significantly more likely than controls to have − 238A (33% versus 6%, Fisher's exact p value = 0.022) and − 376A (33% versus 5%, Fisher's exact p value = 0.016). These alleles were in linkage disequilibrium (p < 0.001), and so were not independent. The association remained significant (Fisher's exact p values = 0.011 and 0.011, respectively) when analysis was limited to the majority tribe (Basotho), which included all subjects with severe silicosis. Subjects with severe silicosis were also significantly more likely to have the − 308A allele (Fisher's exact p value = 0.034), but this result was confounded by ethnicity and was not significant within Basotho tribe members (Fisher's exact p value = 0.15). TNF- α promoter polymorphisms are associated with severe, but not less severe, silicosis in this population. A predominant effect on disease severity, rather than on disease frequency, appears to be a general feature of promoter polymorphism in diseases in which TNF- α has a critical role.
An Evidence-Based Public Health Approach to Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Jeremy J. Hess, Millicent Eidson, Jennifer E. Tlumak, Kristin K. Raab, George Luber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: Public health is committed to evidence-based practice, yet there has been minimal discussion of how to apply an evidence-based practice framework to climate change adaptation.Objectives: Our goal was to review the literature on evidence-based public health (EBPH), to determine whether it can be applied to climate change adaptation, and to consider how emphasizing evidence-based practice may influence research and practice decisions related to public health adaptation to climate change.Methods: We conducted a substantive review of EBPH, identified a consensus EBPH framework, and modified it to support an EBPH approach to climate change adaptation. We applied the framework to an example and considered implications for stakeholders.Discussion: A modified EBPH framework can accommodate the wide range of exposures, outcomes, and modes of inquiry associated with climate change adaptation and the variety of settings in which adaptation activities will be pursued. Several factors currently limit application of the framework, including a lack of higher-level evidence of intervention efficacy and a lack of guidelines for reporting climate change health impact projections. To enhance the evidence base, there must be increased attention to designing, evaluating, and reporting adaptation interventions; standardized health impact projection reporting; and increased attention to knowledge translation. This approach has implications for funders, researchers, journal editors, practitioners, and policy makers.Conclusions: The current approach to EBPH can, with modifications, support climate change adaptation activities, but there is little evidence regarding interventions and knowledge translation, and guidelines for projecting health impacts are lacking. Realizing the goal of an evidence-based approach will require systematic, coordinated efforts among various stakeholders.Citation: Hess JJ, Eidson M, Tlumak JE, Raab KK, Luber G. 2014. An evidence-based public health approach to climate change adaptation. Environ Health Perspect 122:1177–1186; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307396
Comparative study between duct to mucosa and invagination pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Ayman El Nakeeb, Mohamed El Hemaly, Waleed Askr, Mohamed Abd Ellatif, Hosam Hamed, Ahmed Elghawalby, Mohamed Attia, Tallat Abdallah, Mohamed Abd ElWahab
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
Further Studies in High Fidelity Electrocardiography: Myocardial Infarction
Authors: PAUL H. LANGNER
Journal: Circulation (1953)

High fidelity electrocardiography employing the cathode ray oscillograph with an expanded time scale reveals considerable high frequency notching, slurring, beading, and other peculiarities not seen in the conventional electrocardiographic records on the same individuals. Although some of these cathode ray records contain components whose frequencies are well in excess of 1000 cycles per second, in this paper a frequency analysis will not be reported but rather the electrocardiograms will be presented as patterns with unique detail that is readily apparent even to the casual observer. Using this technic it was found that 14 of 21 individuals with healed myocardial infarction had a greater incidence of obvious high frequency components in their cathode ray electrocardiograms than was found in a series of 60 normal controls. The possible significance of this finding and the need for further study are discussed.
Contribution of the Circle of Willis to the Subclavian Steal Syndrome
Authors: REGINALD S. A. LORD, RAFAEL ADAR, ROBERT L. STEIN
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The arteriograms and other findings in 42 patients with the subclavian steal syndrome were statistically evaluated to determine which factors predisposed to vertebrobasilar ischemia. Evidence of disconnection of the circle of Willis between the territories of the carotid and vertebral arteries was found in a significantly higher proportion of the patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency. This finding was interpreted to mean that in these patients one of the major routes normally available for compensating for the basilar ischemia produced by the steal was not present. It is suggested that this or similar mechanisms may be necessary before the subclavian steal produces symptoms in individual patients.
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Spatial Concept: Expectations&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: David R. Flum
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessing the validity of the association between the SUMO4 M55V variant and risk of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Deborah J Smyth, Joanna M M Howson, Christopher E Lowe, Neil M Walker, Alex C Lam, Sarah Nutland, Jayne Hutchings, Eva Tuomilehto-Wolf, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Cristian Guja, Constantin Ionescu-Tîrgoviste, Dag E Undlien, Kjersti S Rønningen, David Savage, David B Dunger, Rebecca C J Twells, Wendy L McArdle, David P Strachan, John A Todd
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Giant cell arteritis of the skin simulating erythema nodosum.
Authors: J W Goldberg, M L Lee, S M Sajjad
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Cutaneous involvement in giant cell arteritis is quite uncommon. A patient is described who presented with pretibial skin lesions clinically indistinguishable from erythema nodosum which, on biopsy, showed subcutaneous pannicular giant cell vasculitis. Cutaneous manifestations of giant cell arteritis are subsequently reviewed.