tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rubens Peale and His Spectacles-Reply
Authors: Carol E. Hevner
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> AtThe Journal's request, my article on the portrait of<i>Rubens Peale With a Geranium</i>was intended to give an overview of the context in which this painting was created. As such, I did not attempt to discuss the involvement of the Peale family with ophthalmology. Dr Letocha may be interested to learn that Charles Willson Peale also experimented with making spectacles, as well as supplying a number of his friends and acquaintances with false teeth. He was, in fact, totally committed to improving the human condition in ways both great and small. Had Rubens been using two different pairs of glasses, Charles would not have neglected to note this in his copious correspondence or autobiographical notations. For those who may be interested, the Peale-Sellers collection of manuscripts belonging to the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia is a rich storehouse of information on the Peale family's involvement
Renal Vasculature in Essential Hypertension: Racial Differences
Authors: STEVEN B. LEVY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

In an attempt to explain the greater morbidity from essential hypertension in the black as compared with the white race, we evaluated the intrarenal vasculature of 27 patients with hypertension (19 white and 8 black). All patients had mild-to-moderate hypertension (mean arterial pressure, 110 to 125 mm Hg), normal renal function, and minimal target-organ damage. All patients had selective renal angiograms, which were evaluated for arterial nephrosclerosis. Additionally, renal blood flow was estimated by the clearance of para-aminohippurate. Patient age, blood pressure, and plasma renin activity did not differ between the two races. Black hypertensives had significantly (P < 0.01) more severe nephrosclerosis than the white patients. Renal blood flow was lower (P < 0.05) in black patients (390 ± 35 ml/min · m2 body surface area) than white patients (473 ± 19 ml/min · m2 body surface area). These findings may help to explain racial differences in morbidity and mortality from essential hypertension.
Liver-specific disruption of PPARγ in leptin-deficient mice improves fatty liver but aggravates diabetic phenotypes
Authors: Kimihiko Matsusue, Martin Haluzik, Gilles Lambert, Sun-Hee Yim, Oksana Gavrilova, Jerrold M. Ward, Bryan Brewer, Marc L. Reitman, Frank J. Gonzalez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

To elucidate the function of PPARγ in leptin-deficient mouse (ob/ob) liver, a PPARγ liver-null mouse on an ob/ob background, ob/ob-PPARγ(fl/fl)AlbCre+, was produced using a floxed PPARγ allele, PPARγ(fl/fl), and Cre recombinase under control of the albumin promoter (AlbCre). The liver of ob/ob-PPARγ(fl/fl)AlbCre+ mice had a deletion of exon 2 and a corresponding loss of full-length PPARγ mRNA and protein. The PPARγ-deficient liver in ob/ob mice was smaller and had a dramatically decreased triglyceride (TG) content compared with equivalent mice lacking the AlbCre transgene (ob/ob-PPARγ(fl/fl)AlbCre–). Messenger RNA levels of the hepatic lipogenic genes, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, were reduced in ob/ob-PPARγ(fl/fl)AlbCre+ mice, and the levels of serum TG and FFA in ob/ob-PPARγ(fl/fl)AlbCre+ mice were significantly higher than in the control ob/ob-PPARγ(fl/fl)AlbCre– mice. Rosiglitazone treatment exacerbated the fatty liver in ob/ob-PPARγ(fl/fl)AlbCre– mice compared with livers from nonobese Cre– mice; there was no effect of rosiglitazone in ob/ob-PPARγ(fl/fl)AlbCre+ mice. The deficiency of hepatic PPARγ further aggravated the severity of diabetes in ob/ob mice due to decreased insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat. These data indicate that hepatic PPARγ plays a critical role in the regulation of TG content and in the homeostasis of blood glucose and insulin resistance in steatotic diabetic mice.
Epicardial mapping in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Authors: J J Gallagher, J Kasell, W C Sealy, E L Pritchett, A G Wallace
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Epicardial mapping provides a method for defining antegrade and retrograde sites of pre-excitation. It is best undertaken only after a careful, detailed preoperative electrophysiological study has been performed. The potential pitfalls of the technique are many and technical expertise must be constantly available to maintain a functioning system. For these reasons, it is not likely to lend itself to widespread application. The same techniques can be applied to localization of the site of origin of atrial or ventricular dysrhythmias, localization of myocardial ischemia and infarction, as well as to differentiate between epicardial delays due to conduction delay and those caused by intramural myocardial delay.
Abstract 1010: Chronic nicotine inhibits apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)
Authors: Jheelam Banerjee, Hussein A. N. Al-Wadei, Hildegard M. Schuller
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Smoking is an established risk factor for pancreatic cancer. More than 95% of all pancreatic cancers are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Our data has earlier established that nicotine contributes to the progression of smoking associated PDAC by increasing the systemic levels of the stress neurotransmitters adrenaline and noradrenaline in pancreatic cancer xenografts. These findings suggested that development and progression of PDAC is subject to significant modulation by stimulatory stress neurotransmitters. Here we demonstrate that nicotine abrogates the apoptotic activity of gemcitabine, gefitinib, and meloxicam, which are standard therapy for PDAC, in a variety of human PDAC cell lines. We first evaluated the effect of gemcitabine, gefitinib and meloxicam on cell proliferation using a varied range of concentrations and timepoints on pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and BXPC-3. The results demonstrated that all the three anti-cancer drugs significantly inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 and BXPC-3. The IC50 values were determined for optimal concentration and timepoint. It was next examined whether chronic nicotine could confer protection against apoptosis induced by gemcitabine, gefitinib, and meloxicam, which are widely used to treat PDAC. Cells were stimulated with 1 µM nicotine (pre-determined concentration) in the presence or absence of the IC50 concentrations of the indicated drugs. Our results indicated that nicotine suppresses apoptosis induced by gemcitabine, gefitinib, and meloxicam in pancreatic cancer cells, as measured by TUNEL assays, viability assays and western blotting of apoptosis associated proteins. In conclusion, the antiapoptotic effects of nicotine, negatively impacts the chemosensitivity of PDAC cells against anticancer drugs. These findings suggest that continued exposure to nicotine during cancer therapy may significantly reduce the responsiveness to anti-cancer agents. This work is supported by grants RO1CA130888 and RO1CA042829 with the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1010. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1010
Laparoscopy-Guided Extracorporeal Resection of Early Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Y. Yamashita, T. Kurohiji, T. Kakegawa, F. Bekki, M. Ogata
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Background and Study Aims: Though endoscopic mucosal resection is successful for early gastric carcinoma, the indication for endoscopic mucosal resection appears to exclude larger early gastric carcinomas. We report here on our experience in resecting early gastric carcinoma using laparoscopy-guided partial resection of the stomach extracorporeally.
Low dose heparin and cesarean section.
Authors: D. H. Tayler
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Healthy citiesWe are concerned lest the letter by Drs F L R Williams and 0 H Lloyd (14 May, p 1399) deflects attention from the main aim of the Healthy Cities project, which is a major opportunity for health authorities, district councils, regional authorities, and all who work with populations in a social or medical context to come together to improve the health of the community.The aim is to achieve measurable reductions in morbidity and mortality.Populations exhibit considerable heterogeneity of lifestyle, and this allows the prospect of success in an international project."Health for all" is relevant to everyone, but comparison between large urban areas and small towns can be mis- leading.The interpretation of comparative health statistics for towns and cities of widely different populations requires caution.Professor Martin J Gardner and Mr Douglas G Altman (30 April, p 1210) emphasise the importance of giving confidence intervals when rates are reported.Excesses of mortality in small areas, therefore, may not mean what they seem.Even if a town is at the top of a league table once, or even twice, this may not be of significance.Drs Williams and Lloyd state that over the period 1979-83 Glasgow had an excess mortality (compared with Scotland as a whole) of 15%.This statistic conceals the fact that the 20% of the population of Glasgow living in the most dis- advantaged areas has an excess mortality of 48%, whereas the 20% living in the least disadvantaged areas has a standardised mortality rate 8% below that of Scotland.In fact, the most disadvantaged communities in Glasgow have standardised mortality rates up to 70% greater than those for Scotland.The publication of data for Glasgow as a whole, rather than for its constituent communities, obscures this fact.It is, therefore, inappropriate to compare cities the size of Glasgow with smaller communities without recognising such internal variations.
<i>FGFR3</i>and<i>PIK3CA</i>mutations in stucco keratosis and dermatosis papulosa nigra
Authors: C. Hafner, M. Landthaler, T. Mentzel, T. Vogt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Stucco keratosis (STK) and dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) are referred to as variants of seborrhoeic keratosis. However, the genetic alterations involved in the pathogenesis of these benign tumours are unknown. Objectives Because FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutations have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of seborrhoeic keratosis, we analysed whether these mutations are also present in STK and DPN. Methods A SNaPshot® multiplex assay was used for analysis of 11 previously described FGFR3 hotspot mutations. PIK3CA mutations were analysed by a SNaPshot® assay covering five PIK3CA hotspot mutations. Results Five STK and two DPN samples were analysed. Three of five STK samples revealed a PIK3CA mutation (E542K, E545K), but no FGFR3 mutation was found. In contrast, both DPN samples harboured an FGFR3 mutation (R248C, S249C) but no PIK3CA mutation. Control tissues available for three samples did not show PIK3CA or FGFR3 mutations, excluding germline mutations and indicating a strong genotype–phenotype correlation between the mutation and the lesion. Conclusions These results indicate that FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutations are involved in the pathogenesis of STK and DPN. The molecular genetic findings furthermore support the concept that both skin lesions are specific variants of seborrhoeic keratosis, sharing a common genetic background.
Relation between parasuicide, suicide, psychiatric admissions, and socioeconomic deprivation
Authors: D. J Gunnell, T. J Peters, R. M Kammerling, J. Brooks
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To examine the relations between parasuicide, suicide, psychiatric inpatient admissions, and socioeconomic deprivation.Ecological analysis with data from routine information systems and the 1991 census.24 localities in the area covered by the Bristol and District Health Authority (population 817,000), consisting of aggregations of neighbouring wards, with an average population of 34,000.6089 subjects aged over 10 years admitted to hospital after parasuicide between April 1990 and March 1994; 997 suicides occurring 1982-91; 4763 subjects aged 10-64 years admitted with acute psychiatric illness between April 1990 and March 1994.Localities varied significantly in standardised admission ratios for parasuicide and standardised mortality ratios for suicide (P < 0.001). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the standardised mortality ratio for suicide and standardised admission ratio for parasuicide was 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.46 to 0.88). Correlation between parasuicide and Townsend score was 0.86 (0.70 to 0.94) and between suicide and Townsend score 0.73 (0.46 to 0.88). The partial correlation coefficient between suicide and parasuicide after the Townsend score was adjusted for was 0.29 (-0.13 to 0.62). The correlation between standardised admission ratio for parasuicide and standardised admission ratio for psychiatric illness was 0.76 (0.51 to 0.89) and between standardised mortality ratio for suicide and standardised admission ratio for psychiatric illness was 0.72 (0.45 to 0.87).A strong ecological association exists between suicide and parasuicide, with socioeconomic deprivation accounting for much of this relation. This strong association provides supporting evidence for the importance of social policy measures in attaining Health of the Nation targets on mental health.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis. A Study of the Anemia and Iron Distribution Using Radioiron and Radiochromium1
Authors: Leonard Apt, Myron Pollycove, Joseph F. Ross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

The clinical manifestations of idiopathic pul- monary hemosiderosis are well defined, though it is a rare disease.The main features are anemia in association with recurrent attacks of dyspnea, coughing with hemoptysis, cyanosis, fever, and tachycardia.Macrophages containing hemosiderin are present in the sputum.Radiographic exami- nation of the chest during exacerbation shows dif- fuse homogeneous opacities or coarse, generalized, mottled densities which are usually more striking than physical examination would indicate.The acute episode usually lasts several days but may persist for several weeks.During subsidence the radiograph discloses a flecked reticular pattern which may subsequently clear completely.After a course of several years, the disease usually ends with an acute fatal exacerbation.Post mortem examination shows the lung parenchyma to be markedly engorged with blood; there is no evi- dence of primary heart disease.Microscopic ex- amination reveals alveoli filled with fresh blood and macrophages containing hemosiderin, old hemorrhages, and hemosiderin granules in the alveolar walls.Analysis of lung tissue shows a marked increase of iron.Although anemia is frequently the most promi- nent finding and may be severe, even in patients with little hemoptysis, the mechanism is not well defined.The anemia, when persistent, has the characteristics of iron deficiency: hypochromasia of the erythrocytes, low mean corpuscular hemoglobin content, and a low serum iron concentra- tion.The cause of the anemia is generally re- garded to be blood loss in the lungs, though a few authors have believed that the anemia is probably hemolytic in nature (1-3).The findings of reticu-
Microbiome Effects on Hematopoietic Eosinophil/Basophil Progenitor Phenotype: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Allergic Inflammation
Authors: Elli Rosenberg, Pia Reece, Michael G. Surette, Paul Poayyedi, Judah A. Denburg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Rotenoids mediate potent cancer chemopreventive activity through transcriptional regulation of ornithine decarboxylase
Authors: Clarissa Gerhäuser, Woongchon Mar, Sang Kook Lee, Nanjoo Suh, Yingde Luo, Jerome Kosmeder, Lumonadio Luyengi, Harry H.S. Fong, A. Douglas KingHorn, Robert M. Moriarty, Rajendra G. Mehta, Andreas Constantinou, Richard C. Moon, John M. Pezzuto
Journal: Nature Medicine (1995)
Raising age of Medicare eligibility is no panacea for budget woes
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Raising the age when people became eligible to receive Medicare would provide some modest fiscal relief for the program, but the costs would shift instead to senior citizens themselves, to businesses, and to other government health programs and would increase overall national spending on healthcare, experts told a congressional briefing on 17 December.

Changing the eligibility criterion from 65 to 67 years in incremental steps would reduce net federal spending by $113bn (£70bn; €85bn) over 10 years, an analysis by the Congressional Budget Office calculated.1 And long term spending would decline by about 5%.

But total national healthcare spending would rise by $5.7bn, said Juliette Cubanski, citing a study she coauthored at the Kaiser …
Transsulfuration in an adult with hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency.
Authors: W A Gahl, I Bernardini, J D Finkelstein, A Tangerman, J J Martin, H J Blom, K D Mullen, S H Mudd
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

We investigated sulfur and methyl group metabolism in a 31-yr-old man with partial hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) deficiency. The patient's cultured fibroblasts and erythrocytes had normal MAT activity. Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was slightly decreased. This clinically normal individual lives with a 20-30-fold elevation of plasma methionine (0.72 mM). He excretes in his urine methionine and L-methionine-d-sulfoxide (2.7 mmol/d), a mixed disulfide of methanethiol and a thiol bound to an unidentified group X, which we abbreviate CH3S-SX (2.1 mmol/d), and smaller quantities of 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate and 3-methylthiopropionate. His breath contains 17-fold normal concentrations of dimethylsulfide. He converts only 6-7 mmol/d of methionine sulfur to inorganic sulfate. This abnormally low rate is due not to a decreased flux through the primarily defective enzyme, MAT, since SAM is produced at an essentially normal rate of 18 mmol/d, but rather to a rate of homocysteine methylation which is abnormally high in the face of the very elevated methionine concentrations demonstrated in this patient. These findings support the view that SAM (which is marginally low in this patient) is an important regulator that helps to determine the partitioning of homocysteine between degradation via cystathionine and conservation by reformation of methionine. In addition, these studies demonstrate that the methionine transamination pathway operates in the presence of an elevated body load of that amino acid in human beings, but is not sufficient to maintain methionine levels in a normal range.
Toll-like receptor-dependent production of IL-12p40 causes chronic enterocolitis in myeloid cell-specific Stat3-deficient mice
Authors: Masaya Kobayashi, Mi-Na Kweon, Hirotaka Kuwata, Robert D. Schreiber, Hiroshi Kiyono, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Stat3 plays an essential role in IL-10 signaling pathways. A myeloid cell-specific deletion of Stat3 resulted in inflammatory cytokine production and development of chronic enterocolitis with enhanced Th1 responses in mice. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism by which a Stat3 deficiency in myeloid cells led to the induction of chronic enterocolitis in vivo. Even in the absence of Stat1, which is essential for IFN-γ signaling pathways, Stat3 mutant mice developed chronic enterocolitis. TNF-α/Stat3 double-mutant mice developed severe chronic enterocolitis with enhanced Th1 cell development. IL-12p40/Stat3 double-mutant mice, however, showed normal Th1 responses and no inflammatory change in the colon. RAG2/Stat3 double-mutant mice did not develop enterocolitis, either. These findings indicate that overproduction of IL-12p40, which induces potent Th1 responses, is essential for the development of chronic enterocolitis in Stat3 mutant mice. Furthermore, enterocolitis was significantly improved and IFN-γ production by T cells was reduced in TLR4/Stat3 double-mutant mice, indicating that TLR4-mediated recognition of microbial components triggers aberrant IL-12p40 production by myeloid cells, leading to the development of enterocolitis. Thus, this study clearly established a sequential innate and acquired immune mechanism for the development of Th1-dependent enterocolitis.
Randomized controlled trial of ventricular tachycardia treatment by cooled tip catheter ablation vs drug therapy
Authors: A.E. Epstein, D.J. Wilber, H. Calkins, J.M. Wharton, W.G. Stevenson, J.D. Hummel, M.D. Carlson, K.A. Ellenbogen, D.L. Packer, H.A. Kopelman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Renin in the Diagnosis of Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Bertram M. Winer
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Renin activity was assayed in plasma from the right and left renal veins and a peripheral vein in 47 hypertensive patients. Activity was equivalent in the two renal veins in 25 patients without renal artery stenosis; peripheral vein activity averaged 20% less. Ten of 17 patients with angiographic evidence of unilateral renal artery stenosis had significantly greater renin activity in the vein of the involved kidney; peripheral vein renin activity was equal to that from the vein of the uninvolved kidney. Two of five patients with bilateral stenosis had significant differences in renin activity between the two sides. The correlation between the results of the assays and results of surgery (14 cases) was excellent. Differential renal vein renin assays have diagnostic value in the determination of the functional significance of apparent unilateral renovascular disease.
Hemodynamic Effects of Anemia with and without Plasma Volume Expansion
Authors: NOBLE O. FOWLER, ROBERT H. FRANCH, WALTER L. BLOOM, John A. Ward
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

Hypervolemic anemia and normovolemic anemia were produced in dogs. Cardiac outputs increased comparably with similar degrees of anemia in the hypervolemic and normovolemic animals. No significant association between right atrial mean pressure and cardiac output was found. Right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures increased in a degree comparable to blood volume increase. Systemic mean pressures did not change significantly; there was a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance. The results are consistent with the concept that the increase in cardiac output occurring with hypervolemic anemia is related primarily to the anemia and not to the increase in blood volume.
Colonization in patients receiving and not receiving topical antimicrobial prophylaxis.
Authors: M J Bonten, C A Gaillard, W G Johanson, F H van Tiel, H G Smeets, S van der Geest, E E Stobberingh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The influence of topical antimicrobial prophylaxis (TAP) on colonization of oropharynx and trachea was studied in patients receiving and not receiving prophylaxis. Twenty-two patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) I (Group 1) received TAP (tobramycin, colistin, and amphotericine B in oropharynx and stomach). Simultaneous to Group 1, 21 patients (Group 2) not receiving TAP were studied in ICU I. A control group of patients admitted to another, identical, ICU (ICU II), where no TAP was administered, were studied simultaneously (Group 3a, n = 23). A second control group (Group 3b, n = 31), was formed by collecting data from patients admitted to ICU I in Period II. Patients receiving TAP were less frequently colonized than patients not receiving prophylaxis. Moreover, of the patients not receiving TAP, those staying in the ICU where TAP was administered (Group 2) were less frequently colonized than patients in another ICU (Group 3). Of the patients not colonized on admission, those staying in the ICU where TAP was administered remained free of colonization for a longer time. In the ICU where no TAP was administered, more patients were colonized simultaneously and cross-acquisition occurred more frequently. TAP significantly influenced colonization of oropharynx and trachea in patients receiving and not receiving prophylaxis within the same ICU as compared with patients not receiving prophylaxis in another identical ICU.