tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DNA vaccine–derived human IgG produced in transchromosomal bovines protect in lethal models of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
Authors: Jay W. Hooper, Rebecca L. Brocato, Steven A. Kwilas, Christopher D. Hammerbeck, Matthew D. Josleyn, Michael Royals, John Ballantyne, Hua Wu, Jin-an Jiao, Hiroaki Matsushita, Eddie J. Sullivan
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Human polyclonal antibodies generated from DNA-vaccinated, transchromosomal bovines protect against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
Immunologic biomarkers associated with an acute exposure to exothermic byproducts of a ureaformaldehyde spill.
Authors: R E Madison, A Broughton, J D Thrasher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

A community was exposed for several days to formaldehyde (HCHO), hexamethylenetetramine, trimethylamine, and paraformaldehyde emitted from an overheated tanker car containing ureaformaldehyde resin. Residents experienced acute HCHO symptoms at the time of the accident. Many developed chronic, multiple organ health complaints. Three years following the accident, exposed subjects were compared to residents of a nearby unexposed community for the following immunological parameters: white blood cell count, total lymphocyte count, percent and total lymphocyte subsets (CD5, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD25, and CD26 cells), prevalence of autoantibodies, and antibodies to HCHO-human serum albumin (HCHO-HSA) conjugate. The data were adjusted for gender, age, history of smoking, mobile home residency, and use of wood stoves. There was a statistically significant difference for the following: elevated percent and absolute numbers of CD26 cells (p less than 0.0001); autoantibodies (p less than 0.004), and greater titers of isotypes IgG (p less than 0.0005) and IgM (p less than 0.005) to HCHO-HSA. It is concluded that the exposed subjects had an activated immune system in addition to the elevated autoantibodies. Also, isotypes to HCHO-HSA resulted from the exposure and no other sources, such as smoking, mobile home residency, and use of wood stoves.
Diagnostic Overlap Between Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD in Victims of Violent Crime
Authors: Chris R. Brewin, Bernice Andrews, Suzanna Rose
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: In a group of crime victims, the authors investigated overlap between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses and their relative ability to predict PTSD at 6 months. METHOD: A mixed-sex group of 157 victims of violent assault were interviewed within 1 month of the crime. At the 6-month follow-up, 87.9% were reinterviewed by telephone. RESULTS: At baseline the rate of acute stress disorder was 19.1%, the rate of PTSD was 21.0%, and the percentage agreement between them was 95.5%. The two diagnoses were equally effective predictors of PTSD 6 months later. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of overlap between acute stress disorder and PTSD calls into question whether, as presently formulated, they represent distinct diagnoses.
A SIMPLE HEMOGLOBIN—RED BLOOD CELL RATIO TO REPLACE THE COLOR INDEX
Authors: Raphael Isaacs
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The color index, taken as the ratio of the percentage of hemoglobin (compared to "normal") to the red blood cell count (compared to "normal") has been a useful clinical figure in differentiating iron deficiency from other types of anemia. However, the lack of single "normal" figures for the percentage of hemoglobin and red blood cell counts, as well as the differences in males and females, has always made the number somewhat arbitrary. With the advent of hemoglobinometers in which 100 per cent corresponds to 13.5, 14, 15.6 or 17 Gm., the problem is further complicated by the difference in readings of the percentages. These would give the same person different percentages on the different instruments. The same person could have a "normal" color index with one instrument, a high index with another and a low index with a third. To avoid these discrepancies and still obtain a figure which would
Activation of bovine endothelial thromboxane receptors triggers release of prostacyclin but not EDRF
Authors: G. Clesham, H. Parsaee, S. Joseph, J. R McEwan, J. MacDermot
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Activation of bovine endothelial thromboxane receptors triggers release of prostacyclin but not EDRF Get access Gerald Clesham, Gerald Clesham Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom: G Clesham, H Parsaee, S Joseph, J R McEwan, J MacDermot. Correspondence to Dr Clesham, at Department of Medicine (Clinical Cardiology), Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 OHS. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Heydar Parsaee, Heydar Parsaee Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom: G Clesham, H Parsaee, S Joseph, J R McEwan, J MacDermot. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sunil Joseph, Sunil Joseph Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom: G Clesham, H Parsaee, S Joseph, J R McEwan, J MacDermot. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jean R McEwan, Jean R McEwan Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom: G Clesham, H Parsaee, S Joseph, J R McEwan, J MacDermot. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John MacDermot John MacDermot Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom: G Clesham, H Parsaee, S Joseph, J R McEwan, J MacDermot. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 5, May 1992, Pages 513–517, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.5.513 Published: 01 May 1992 Article history Received: 16 September 1991 Accepted: 30 December 1991 Published: 01 May 1992
Myelofibrosis Presenting as Hypermetabolic Bone Disease by Radionuciide Imaging in a Patient with Asplenia
Authors: E EDMUND KIM, FRANK H DeLAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

In a patient with myelocytic anemia, hepatomegaly, and metastases suggested by radiographic evidence of sclerosis throughout the pelvis and spine, a liverspleen scan revealed mild hepatomegaly and an absent splenic image. A bone scan demonstrated diffusely increased activity in all bones, especially in the joint regions. A bone marrow scan showed only hepatic activity but no significant uptake in the bone marrow. Ultrasonography and contrast angiography failed to identify a spleen. The findings from a bone marrow biopsy and a peripheral blood examination indicated myelofibrosis. The implications of an increased concentration of radiopharmaceuticals in bone are briefly discussed.
Psychology Applied to Medicine.
Authors: David Washburn Wells
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Points from Letters: Training and Serving
Authors: J. J. Shipman
Journal: BMJ (1970)

a very obvious reference number so that further information could be obtained from the records library, if required.This would save a great deal, not only of time, but of tattered and bulging records envelopes, which become like a maze when some ear- lier information is required.I make these suggestions having seen this problem from two points of view, and because, from my experience,
392 Interferon-alpha treatment influences the number and phenotype of circulating dendritic cell subsets in the peripheral blood from patients with chronic HCV infection
Authors: V.R. Cicinnati, S. Beckebaum, X. Zhang, K. Koop, Z. Yu, X. Chen, A. Smigielski, A. Frilling, C.E. Broelsch, G. Gerken
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Comparison of the prevalence of asthma among Asian and European children in Southampton.
Authors: C D Pararajasingam, L Sittampalam, P Damani, P K Pattemore, S T Holgate
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: Primary health care workers have reported an impression that asthma is commoner among Asian than European children, and a cross sectional survey was designed to compare the prevalence in Asian and European children. METHODS: The survey was carried out in children aged 7-11 in eight primary schools in Southampton. Four schools contained predominantly children of European ancestry, two contained predominantly Asian children, and two contained a mixture of ethnic groups. Data were collected by means of parent completed questionnaire on recent asthma symptoms, diagnosis, morbidity, and treatment from 759 European and 274 Asian children. RESULTS: The prevalence of reported wheeze in the previous 12 months was higher among European (19.6%) than Asian children (11.9%), as was the prevalence of a night cough (European 64.2%, Asian 42.3%). Although the prevalence of diagnosed asthma was higher in European (12%) than Asian (6.2%) children, a slightly higher proportion of Asian than European children with current wheeze had visited their doctor (European 66.9%, Asian 78.1%, not significant) or been admitted to hospital for wheezing (European 4.8%, Asian 6.5%) in the previous 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study failed to demonstrate a higher prevalence of asthma among Asian than European children in Southampton.
Enduring Effects of Nurse Home Visitation on Maternal Life Course
Authors: Harriet Kitzman, David L. Olds, Kimberly Sidora, Charles R. Henderson, Jr, Carole Hanks, Robert Cole, Dennis W. Luckey, Jessica Bondy, Kimberly Cole, Judith Glazner
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Context A home visitation program using nurses to improve maternal and child outcomes had favorable results in a randomized trial with a primarily white, semirural population.Many of the short-term findings have been replicated with urban blacks, but whether the program will continue to demonstrate effectiveness after its conclusion is uncertain.Objective To determine the effectiveness of a prenatal and infancy home visitation program on the maternal life course of women in an urban environment 3 years after the program ended.Design and Setting Three-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of women seen consecutively between June 1990 and August 1991 at an obstetrical clinic in Memphis, Tenn, who were enrolled in a visitation program for 2 years after the birth of their first child.Participants A cohort of 743 women who were primarily black, were pregnant for less than 29 weeks, had no previous live births, and had at least 2 sociodemographic risk factors (unmarried, Ͻ12 years of education, or unemployed).Intervention An average of 7 (range, 0-18) home visits during pregnancy and 26 (range, 0-71) from birth to the child's second birthday.Main Outcome Measures Rate of subsequent pregnancy, mean interval between first and second birth, and mean number of months of welfare use. ResultsCompared with the control group, women who received home visits by nurses had fewer subsequent pregnancies (1.15 vs 1.34; P = .03),fewer closely spaced subsequent pregnancies (0.22 vs 0.32; P = .03),longer intervals between the birth of the first and second child (30.25 vs 26.60 months; P = .004),and fewer months of using Aid to Families with Dependent Children (32.55 vs 36.19;P= .01)and food stamps (41.57vs 45.04; P = .005).Compared with the effect of the program while the program was in operation, the effect after it ended was essentially equal for Aid to Families with Dependent Children, greater for food stamps, greater for rates of closely spaced subsequent pregnancies, and smaller for rates of subsequent pregnancy overall. ConclusionsWe found enduring effects of a home visitation program on the lives of black women living in an urban setting.While these results were smaller in magnitude than those achieved in a previous trial with white women living in a semirural setting, the direction of the effects was consistent across the 2 studies.
Observation of Hepatobiliary Systems in Joined Twins Tc-99m EHIDA
Authors: IRFAN URGANCIOGLU, TARIK KAPICIOGLU, ERKAN VARDARELI, HALUK B. SAYMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

In an ultrasonic follow-up of a pregnant woman in her terminal phase, a twin fetus had been predicted, and the pregnancy was terminated at 38 weeks by a cesarean section. At the operation it was seen that the twins were joined at the chest. They were live females with a total weight of 4100 g. Radionuclide cholescintigraphy was performed to assess whether or not the hepatobiliary system was functioning separately which was important for the operation. Anterior images were obtained at 15 minutes following the simultaneous intravenous injections of 0.2 mCi (7.4 MBq) Tc-99m EHIDA. Only a faint radioactivity was observed in the upper abdomen of the uninjected baby. Following the second dose of Tc-99m EHIDA into this twin, the faint radioactivity region was shown to be coincident with her hepatic lobes. The radioactivity was totally cleared through the hepatobiliary tractus into the intestines of both twins 240 minutes later. The hepatic systems were divided by a laser technique. The twins died 6 and 9 days, respectively, following the operation.
Leptin, obesity and cutaneous melanoma
Authors: G.W.M. Millington
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Journal Article Leptin, obesity and cutaneous melanoma Get access G.W.M. Millington G.W.M. Millington Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, U.K. E‐mail: george.millington@nnuh.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 166, Issue 6, 1 June 2012, Pages 1358–1359, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10757.x Published: 01 June 2012
Glimpse into the black box of human papillomavirus vaccination
Authors: P. M English, K. Neal
Journal: BMJ (2008)

We welcome an opportunity to get a glimpse into the black box underlying the recent decisions about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination.1 We would like to reflect on the assumptions made. GlaxoSmithKline claims that Cervarix will provide protection longer, which would favour Cervarix. The paper by Jit et al does not reflect this (which is probably appropriate, since these claims are disputed).

The paper’s assumption that those …
HYPERREFLEXIA OF LOWER LIMBS AFTER EXERCISE
Authors: WILLIAM G. SPILLER
Journal: JAMA (1926)

A distinction must be made between the effect produced by prolonged exercise and that occurring after moderate use of muscles during only a few minutes. Much attention has been paid to the results of muscular exhaustion, but little to the change in reflex activity resulting in rare cases from taking a few steps through a room, especially when intermittent lameness of vascular origin, either central or peripheral, is not under consideration.  Knapp and Thomas studied the reflexes in long distance runners, young men who ran over a course of twenty-four miles. They remark that the influence of fatigue on the reflexes has been disputed. Lombard found that moderate fatigue caused a decided diminution in the knee jerk, and he explained the discrepancy between his conclusions and Sternberg's by the fact that Sternberg's observations were made in cases of extreme fatigue. Other writers, they state, have in the main agreed with
The failings of NICE
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Despite the protestations of its boss, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) is an instrument for rationing health care. 1 2 Unfortunately, it's not a very good one. A government with spine would learn from the failings of NICE and move on to version 2. Perhaps this is a job for after the next election, whoever wins.

NICE, which covers only England and Wales, began in 1999 with three main functions. 1 3–5 Firstly, it appraises new technologies, including drugs, and decides which should be encouraged in the NHS and which should be held back. Its other functions are to produce or approve guidelines and to encourage quality improvement. The biggest push for NICE came from political disapproval of “postcode prescribing:” patients on opposite sides of the same street may receive or be denied treatment because they fall under different health authorities, each with different policies on which treatments they will fund.

NICE began with a blaze of publicity by deciding that zanamivir, a new drug for treating flu, would not be made available in the NHS. 6 7 Its decision was based on the lack of evidence that the drug was effective in older people and others most at risk of …
Comparison of native prothrombin antigen with the prothrombin time for monitoring oral anticoagulant prophylaxis.
Authors: A Kornberg, C W Francis, V D Pellegrini, K R Gabriel, V J Marder
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Oral anticoagulation is most frequently monitored using the prothrombin time, but an alternative approach is measurement of native, fully carboxylated, prothrombin antigen (NPA). We have correlated results of the prothrombin time and NPA with development of venous thrombosis or bleeding complications in a clinical trial of warfarin prophylaxis following total hip arthroplasty to determine the potential value of NPA measurement for monitoring oral anticoagulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients in one arm of a prospective, randomized trial received warfarin prophylactically beginning 10 to 14 days before total hip arthroplasty in a dose adjusted to prolong the international normalized ratio (INR) to 1.5 on the day of surgery and 2.5 after surgery. NPA was measured by ELISA, and the prothrombin time was measured using rabbit brain thromboplastin. Samples were tested from 97 patients, and data from 81 patients who had adequate venography were analyzed to correlate test results with occurrence of thrombosis. The prothrombin time and INR were less sensitive than NPA to the lowest intensities of anticoagulation, with the prothrombin time index increasing from 1.0 to 1.3 and the INR increasing from 1.0 to 2.0, whereas the NPA concentration decreased fourfold, from 200 to 50 micrograms/mL. There was little correlation between either the prothrombin time index or the INR and the development of thrombosis, whereas NPA concentrations were significantly higher on the day of surgery and on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7 in patients who developed venous thrombosis. Higher concentrations of NPA were associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis, but there was no relation between thrombosis and the prothrombin time index or INR. There was no significant correlation between surgical blood loss and prothrombin time index, INR, or NPA concentration. However, patients who received the largest number of transfusions on the day of surgery had significantly lower NPA concentrations than patients who required no transfusion. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the NPA concentration more accurately reflects the antithrombotic effect of warfarin than does prothrombin time and may be superior in monitoring prophylactic oral anticoagulation.
The Changing Spectrum of Fungal Keratitis in South Florida
Authors: Robert H. Rosa, Darlene Miller, Eduardo C. Alfonso
Journal: Ophthalmology (1994)

To review the clinical experience with fungal keratitis in south Florida over a 10-year period.One hundred twenty-five cases of fungal keratitis were identified in the microbiology laboratory records between January 1982 and January 1992. The medical record of each patient was reviewed.The most commonly associated risk factor was trauma (44%). Fungal keratitis developed in five patients using extended wear contact lenses and one patient wearing a therapeutic bandage contact lens. Clinical features included irregular, feathery margins (62%), a dry, rough texture (47%), and satellite lesions (41%). An initial positive culture was obtained in 90% of patients, with a majority of cultures becoming positive within 48 hours. The Fusarium sp accounted for 62% of the isolates, with Fusarium oxysporum being the most commonly isolated organism. New fungal isolates include Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus terreus, Candida tropicalis, and Trichosporon beigellii. Natamycin 5% suspension was the initial antifungal agent used for 91% of the patients, with an average duration of treatment of 38 days. Twenty-five patients were treated with oral ketoconazole for a median duration of 2 weeks, in addition to topical antifungal therapy. Thirty-four patients (27%) required a penetrating keratoplasty. Six patients had recurrence of fungal keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty.Trauma, including contact lens wear, is the most commonly associated risk factor. The fungal organisms can be readily identified in culture. F. oxysporum is the most common organism, with new isolates identified. The mainstay of therapy is topical natamycin with the increasing use of imidazoles.
Gene therapy: lessons learnt from the past decade
Authors: R. A Morgan, R M. Blaese
Journal: BMJ (1999)

It is more than a decade since the first approved clinical trial to put genes into the cells of human beings was initiated. In that first trial, investigators at the US National Institutes of Health used a modified mouse leukaemia virus to insert a DNA marker into lymphocytes being used to treat cancer.1 A year later, a similar viral technique was used as treatment for two girls who had severe combined immunodeficiency with mutant adenosine deaminase.2 Ten years and more than 3000 patients later, it is appropriate to ask, “Where are we now?” 

#### Summary points

The first approved human gene transfer experiments took place 10 years ago; more than3000 patients have been treated since

Because the technical challenges were not fully understood, results from early trialsere perceived as unsuccessful

Technical challenges—including in vivo delivery, the immune responses, and generegulation—have been researched vigorously and progress has been made

The list of gene transfer vectors that can be used in gene therapy experiments is growing, as is understanding of the biology and immunology of these systems

Gene therapy is now a robust scientific discipline with an array of new reagents which will soon be ready for specific clinical applications

Initial speculation that gene therapy would quickly revolutionise medicine has clearly been wrong. As is often the case when entirely new areas of work develop, there was anoveroptimistic view of the pace of progress and an underestimation of the problems remaining to be overcome. In something of a knee jerk reaction, many scientific pundits declared gene therapy dead or, at best, a potentially useful research tool that was being aggressively oversold by a few biotechnology companies. In reality, the science of gene transfer was progressing quickly in a classic reiterative process, where lessons learned from the early clinical studies were redirecting the course …