tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Circadian Rhythm
Authors: William H. Wehrmacher
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Extensive data were gathered for the four articles<sup>1-4</sup>on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but no analysis of the time of death of these infants or the possible role of circadian rhythm was presented. Our own analysis of 2351 such deaths with autopsy verification demonstrated a definite circadian rhythm.<sup>5</sup>In the SIDS registry for 1976 through 1985 from Cook County Illinois, the times of death, determined by case analysis and pathologic study, tended to increase between 8 AM and noon and peaked between noon and 1 PM, a remarkable correspondence with the timing of nontraumatic sudden deaths that occurred during adult life, particularly as observed among those succumbing to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Although our data fail to demonstrate the reason for this circadian rhythm, the tendency could be attributed to surges in catecholamines, cortisol, and platelet aggregability, and also to decreases in fibrinolytic activity
Tennis-Shoe Traction
Authors: Robert A. Gatter
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Tennis-shoe traction has been used for years by a small number of physicians. However, this method does not appear in the general texts dealing with musculoskeletal disorders and apparently is not general knowledge among most physicians. Therefore it seems appropriate to point up this traction method which has been most useful in certain patients. The usual form of traction for the lower extremity, Buck's extension, is applied by (1) shaving the leg to the knee, (2) painting with tincture of benzoin, (3) applying moleskin, and (4) wrapping with elastic bandage. However, moleskin cannot be removed for purposes of physical therapy to the extremity once or twice a day as is appropriate for certain arthritic patients with flexion contracture of the knees. Also, blistering under moleskin at times necessitates early removal. Denuding of underlying skin when moleskin is removed in elderly patients or in patients on long-term corticosteroid
Handbook of Anal Endosonography
Authors: N J M MORTENSEN
Journal: Gut (1998)

Handbook of Anal Endosonography. Bartram CI, Frudinger A. (Pp 79; illustrated; £24.50.) Petersfield, UK: Wrightson Biomedical Publishing Ltd, 1997. ISBN 1 871816 35 1.

Since its introduction in 1989, anal ultrasound has revolutionised the assessment of anal …
Residential Segregation and Lung Cancer Mortality in the United States
Authors: Awori J. Hayanga, Steve B. Zeliadt, Leah M. Backhus
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

To examine the relationship between race and lung cancer mortality and the effect of residential segregation in the United States.A retrospective, population-based study using data obtained from the 2009 Area Resource File and Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program.Each county in the United States.Black and white populations per US county.A generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution and log link was used to examine the association between residential segregation and lung cancer mortality from 2003 to 2007 for black and white populations. Our primary independent variable was the racial index of dissimilarity. The index is a demographic measure that assesses the evenness with which whites and blacks are distributed across census tracts within each county. The score ranges from 0 to 100 in increasing degrees of residential segregation. RESULTS The overall lung cancer mortality rate was higher for blacks than whites (58.9% vs 52.4% per 100 000 population). Each additional level of segregation was associated with a 0.5% increase in lung cancer mortality for blacks (P < .001) and an associated decrease in mortality for whites (P = .002). Adjusted lung cancer mortality rates among blacks were 52.4% and 62.9% per 100 000 population in counties with the least (<40% segregation) and the highest levels of segregation (≥60% segregation), respectively. In contrast, the adjusted lung cancer mortality rates for whites decreased with increasing levels of segregation.Lung cancer mortality is higher in blacks and highest in blacks living in the most segregated counties, regardless of socioeconomic status.
Problem of measuring the positive inotropic property of a vasodilating drug: an illustration using felodipine
Authors: A. J DRAKE-HOLLAND, S. PUGH, M. I M NOBLE, C. MILLS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

A study was undertaken to determine the presence or absence in patients of positive inotropic activity in a vasodilator drug that improves cardiac output by virtue of that vasodilatation. Felodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist that has a positive inotropic effect at low concentration in the dog in vivo. In nine patients undergoing coronary angiography in whom heart rate was kept constant by atrial pacing the solvent for the intravenous administration of the drug was infused followed by the active solution. Haemodynamic variables were measured with the Mills combined left ventricular cathetertip manometer and aortic electromagnetic blood velocity transducer. Reflex positive inotropic effects were blocked with the beta adrenergic blocking drug atenolol. An index of contractility was used to assess inotropic effects--the maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure measured by cathetertip micromanometry; this was an isovolumic event and therefore not sensitive to arterial pressure change, and it was unaffected by changes in left ventricular end diastolic pressure. In all patients peripheral vasodilatation was observed in the plasma felodipine concentration range of 2-40 nmol.litre-1. In eight patients this was accompanied by an 11-36% increase in maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure, indicating a small positive inotropic effect. Felodipine appears to show both agonist and antagonist properties in man as well as in the dog.
THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF DIPHTHERIA.
Authors: WILLIAM K. JAQUES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Outside of laryngeal complications, the mortality in diphtheria is due to the toxin produced by the Klebs-Loeffler bacilli. No physician can successfully treat diphtheria unless he understands the nature of this toxin, how it is produced, and how the cells may be fortified against its destructive action. He must understand that the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus is a distinct living entity or vegetable organism; that one of the products of its existence is diphtheria toxin, just as the result of the life of the yeast plant in alcohol. Other germs in anginas will cause inflammation, pain, temperature and membrane, but only the Klebs-Loeffler bacilli produce the deadly toxin which begins with their invasion and progresses to a fatal amount as swiftly as conditions permit. To appreciate the danger of his patient, a physician must understand the rapidity with which these bacilli multiply under favorable conditions. The clinical symptoms manifesting their residence may
Syndrome of an Acquired Inhibitor of Factor VIII Responsive to Cyclophosphamide and Prednisone
Authors: KENNETH D. HERBST
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Six patients with an acquired inhibitor of factor VIII had the following clinical characteristics: older age group; absence of definable, underlying disease; a low titer of the factor VIII inhibitor; notable residual plasma factor VIII activity despite the inhibitor; serious bleeding not controlled by infusion of factor VIII; and disappearance of the inhibitor after treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisone. These findings delineate a syndrome characteristic of a subset of patients with an acquired factor VIII inhibitor. It is important to emphasize that such patients may bleed uncontrollably despite the misleading presence of residual plasma factor VIII activity in vitro, and that the inhibitor disappears after immunosuppressive therapy. Thus, we believe that patients with this syndrome should be treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisone as soon as the inhibitor is identified.
Meiotic aneuploidy: its origins and induction following chemical treatment in Sordaria brevicollis.
Authors: D J Bond, L McMillan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

A system suitable for the detection of meiotic aneuploidy is described in which various different origins of the aneuploidy can be distinguished. Aneuploid meiotic products are detected as black disomic spores held in asci containing all the products of a single meiosis. Aneuploidy may result from nondisjunction or from a meiosis in which an extra replica of one of the chromosomes has been generated in some other way, e.g., extra replication. By using this system it has been shown that pFPA treatment increase aneuploidy, primarily through an effect on nondisjunction. Preliminary results with trifluralin have indicated that this compound, too, may increase aneuploidy. There is a good possibility that the system can be further developed to permit a more rapid screening using a random plating method; this will allow a more efficient two-part analysis of the effects of compounds under test.
US settles biggest ever healthcare fraud case
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The healthcare company HCA has agreed to plead guilty to criminal conduct and pay more than $840m (£560m) in criminal fines, civil penalties, and damages for alleged unlawful billing practices (3 June, p 1492). US Attorney General Janet Reno announced the settlement with the firm, formerly known as Columbia/HCA, at the justice department last month after a seven year federal investigation triggered by private whistleblowers.

“This investigation has been the largest multiagency investigation of a healthcare …
How can we improve the translational landscape for a faster cure of type 1 diabetes?
Authors: Matthias von Herrath, Andrew Chan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Translation of novel therapies for type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases to the clinic has been slow despite significant new initiatives from funding agencies. One reason for this is that different incentives drive industry, academia, and funding bodies. These communities therefore lack common goals and often communicate poorly, resulting in unintended obstacles that hamper progress in efficiently translating basic scientific discoveries into medical practice. Here, based on our own personal experiences, we discuss some of the drivers within each community that cause these problems, existing mechanisms to facilitate the translation of science into medical practice, and remaining issues that need to be solved.
Early-Stage Face Processing Dysfunction in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Martin J. Herrmann, Heiner Ellgring, Andreas J. Fallgatter
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Deficits in emotional processing are evident in patients with schizophrenia. Since recent studies have indicated dysfunctions in cortical areas involved in face processing, this study investigated the early processing of faces in schizophrenia patients through the use of event-related potentials. METHOD: Event-related potential responses were obtained from 24 schizophrenia patients and 28 healthy comparison subjects who were presented with pictures of faces and pictures of buildings (control stimuli). RESULTS: Schizophrenia patients displayed significantly lower differences in the face-specific N170 component between the face and building pictures than did the healthy comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This finding suggests a dysfunction of early-stage visual processing of faces in patients with schizophrenia.
Comparative SPECT Study of Stroke Using Tc-99m ECD, I-123 IMP, and Tc-99m HMPAO
Authors: HIROSHI MATSUDA, YA MING LI, SOTARO HIGASHI, HISASHI SUMIYA, SHIRO TSUJI, KEIKO KINUYA, KINICHI HISADA, JUNKOH YAMASSHITA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Brain perfusion SPECT imaging using Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dlmer (ECD) was carried out in 12 patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease. The sensitivity of lesion detection and lesion-to-normal tissue contrast was compared with those of I-123 IMP and Tc-99m HMPAO. Eight patients underwent all three studies and the remaining four patients had Tc-99m ECD and I-123 IMP scans. The sensitivity of lesion detection and lesion contrast was analyzed quantitatively using an asymmetric index determined by the equation: 100 x I |right - left| l/ (right + left). In the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and white matter, I-123 IMP showed higher lesion sensitivity than Tc-99m ECD and Tc-99m HMPAO. In the striatum and thalamus, Tc-99m ECD and I-123 IMP showed higher lesion sensitivity than Tc-99m HMPAO. I-123 IMP showed the highest lesion contrast in cerebral cortex and cerebellum, whereas Tc-99m ECD showed the highest contrast in thalamus and striatum. In all regions, Tc-99m ECD showed higher lesion contrast than Tc-99m HMPAO. These results suggest regional variation in the sensitivity of lesion detection and lesion contrast of Tc- 99m ECD compared to I-123 IMP, and the superiority of Tc-99m ECD to Tc-99m HMPAO
Doctors back complaint over axing of extension of free school meals
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Senior doctors have written to the education secretary, Michael Gove, urging him to review plans to axe an extension of free school meals to 500 000 children from low income families. At the moment only children whose parents receive unemployment benefit are entitled to free school meals.

The Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health added their voices to a coalition of “deeply concerned” groups that also includes the Royal College of Nursing, three teaching unions, Diabetes UK, and the Children’s Food …
Why this unholy trinity?
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2007)

In this week's letters pages, Oliver Dearlove takes Roger Jones to task for his recent editorial on the future of the medical profession in Britain (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39303.684236.3A). According to Jones, “The Shipman, Bristol, and Alder Hey enquiries, and a litany of errors, shook the foundations of public trust and professional confidence.” But where is the evidence for this, asks Dearlove? The foundations of public trust remain apparently unshaken: in poll after poll, doctors still top the league tables of public esteem while politicians languish at the bottom.

So how has Jones's unholy trinity emerged as a shorthand description of the problems afflicting the British medical profession in the late 20th …
Downregulated Expression of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Augments Myocardial Neovascularization and Reduces Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Guosheng Xiang, Michael D. Schuster, Tetsunori Seki, Piotr Witkowski, Shawdee Eshghi, Silviu Itescu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
STRICKLER'S "DISEASES OF THE SKIN AND SYPHILIS"—REPLY TO A REVIEW
Authors: Albert Strickler
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To the Editor:  —I am taking advantage of your offer permitting the correction of any misstatements which have appeared in the review of my book entitled Diseases of the Skin and Syphilis, which was published inThe Journal, August 13, p. 546. In setting forth the facts which justify my contentions, I have adopted as a basis of comparison a number of well known and recognized textbooks on diseases of the skin, such as those of Ormsby, Sutton, Sequeira and Schamberg.  The severest criticism leveled at my book concerns the amount of space devoted to such fundamental subjects as the anatomy and physiology of the skin as well as the pathology and bacteriology. Sutton, in the sixth edition of his book, a volume of 1,200 pages, devotes twenty-seven pages to anatomy and physiology, more than one third of which is devoted to illustrations; Ormsby, in a book of 1,170 pages,
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
Authors: Dawn Bick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The field of craniofacial surgery has experienced tremendous growth in the past decade.<i>The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery</i>aims to keep pace with this rapid growth of information relative to the technology and evolved treatment in this field. The editorial board is composed primarily of plastic surgeons with representation by specialists in dentistry and related fields. While there are other journals, such as<i>Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</i>and the<i>Cleft Palate—Craniofacial Journal</i>, the editors feel there is a market for another journal to allow up-to-date input on this ever-growing, ever-expanding subject. The format of the journal is laid out quite well, with each issue having a representation of original articles by acknowledged authors as well as articles related to basic science. There is a nice section on technical strategy with several articles on "How I Do It." The remainder of the journal contains book reviews, correspondence, and a good section
China recognises AIDS problem
Authors: R. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In China, four ministries are working jointly to draft a new national HIV/AIDS prevention plan that sets the following goals for the year 2000: 1) ending transmission through blood plasma, 2) creating a national AIDS control network, and 3) limiting the increase in cases of sexually transmitted diseases to less than 15%/year. The joint program reflects China's new understanding of the threat of HIV/AIDS and will include public information and education campaigns. By November 1997, China had 8303 official reported cases of HIV infection (mostly caused by intravenous drug use) spread through all but one province. The official media, however, admit that 150,000-200,000 people were infected with HIV by the end of 1996. China is seeking to keep the number of infected people below 1.5 million by 2010, but experts note that the country is still in an early pre-pandemic phase and warn that this figure could turn out to be as high as 10 million.
I've Been Where It's Gone, So I Know What I Got … An American Fulbright Lecturer in Albania, 1994-1995
Authors: William G.M. Hardison
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Spending 10 months as a Fulbright Lecturer in Medical Sciences at the University Medical Center, University of Tirana, Albania, gave me a first-hand view of academic medicine in a country emerging from more than 45 years of Communist rule that impoverished the country and isolated it from the rest of the world. Even after the fall of Communism, every aspect of medicine in Albania continues to be government controlled. Early specialization is still the rule for academic physicians. Division chiefs exert absolute authority over their domain and seldom delegate this authority. Learning and teaching resources are scant, and access to current western medical literature is extremely limited because of both poverty and priority. Despite these obstacles, the medical students and postgraduate trainees I encountered were bright and receptive, which strongly reinforces the tremendous urge to help them. Fellowships abroad, however, are limited and available only to selected junior faculty; students and clinical trainees do not qualify. If we are to help, we must take the training to them. It takes time to become an effective clinical teacher in Albania: time to understand the system; time to devise the best teaching vehicles; and time to gain the trust of the students, trainees, and faculty. Given the time, the effort can be successful. The problem is, where do we find physicians with the time and interest? Might this be a role for still-energetic retired physicians? My experience in Albania permitted me only to formulate these questions; the answers must now come from this side of the Atlantic.
Performance of an Index Predicting the Response of Patients with Acute Bronchial Asthma to Intensive Emergency Department Treatment
Authors: Christopher C. Rose, Jane G. Murphy, J. Sanford Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

IT is estimated that acute bronchial asthma accounts for 134,000 hospital admissions and 27 million physician visits annually in the United States.1 Physicians practicing in emergency departments have great difficulty in predicting whether a given patient should be admitted or whether he or she can be treated and discharged from the emergency department, without early relapse.Investigators have tried to identify the signs or symptoms that predict the outcomes of patients with acute asthma.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 No single clinical or laboratory finding has been found to predict outcomes reliably.12 , 13 Thus, multifactorial-assessment procedures have been explored. A recently described predictor index14 appeared especially . . .
Blockade of tumour necrosis factor significantly alters the serum level of IgG- and IgA-rheumatoid factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: B Yazdani-Biuki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To determine the effect on the humoral immune system of long term treatment of patients with RA with etanercept.12 consecutive patients with seropositive RA treated with etanercept were studied and followed up for 9 months. Clinical efficacy of treatment was evaluated using the 28 joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28). Serum samples were collected at baseline and after 9 months and serum immunoglobulin, RF isotypes, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (aCCP), antinuclear, nucleosome, and dsDNA antibodies determined. For comparison 7 patients with seropositive RA treated with adalimumab were studied.DAS28 decreased significantly after the first month and then was constant for the whole study (5.7 (0.3) v 3.8 (0.2), p< or=0.000). Serum IgA-RF and IgG-RF increased significantly after 9 months' etanercept treatment (mean (SEM) IgA-RF rose from 19.5 (4.8) to 30.5 (5.9) IU/ml, p< or=0.01; IgG-RF from 20.6 (8.1) to 33.8 (11.5) IU/ml, p< or=0.04). Serum levels of total immunoglobulin and specific autoantibodies remained unchanged during the study. In patients treated with adalimumab, no significant changes in serum levels of RF isotypes and aCCP antibodies were seen.Etanercept, although effective in treating the clinical symptoms of RA, seems to have a pivotal effect on RF-producing B cells either directly or indirectly.
TCT-243 Which Intraprocedural Thrombotic Events Impact Clinical Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ACS? A Pooled Analysis of the HORIZONS-AMI and ACUITY Trials
Authors: Jeffrey D. Wessler, Ajay J. Kirtane, Roxana Mehran, Ke Xu, Philippe Genereux, Sorin Brener, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Enlarged spleen detected by abdominal ultrasonography in patients with RA
Authors: K. NISHIYA
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause. Approximately 5–10% of patients with RA have an enlarged spleen on manual palpation1 or on isotope scanning.2 

We measured the size of the spleen in 50 patients with RA (nine men, 41 women; average age 55.8 years (range 25–78)) and 14 healthy control subjects (no men, 14 women; average age 47.8 years (range 25–80)) by abdominal ultrasonography (Aloka, Japan). This examination was done by one skilful examiner (TD) in all cases, and comparisons were made with clinical profile and disease activity. The patients with a diagnosis of Felty's syndrome, categorised as the triad, RA, leucopenia, and splenomegaly, and patients with complications of any viral or bacterial infections were excluded from this study. Mean (SD) disease duration was 6.2 (6.6) years. The disease stage was I (13 patients), II (11), III (nine), IV (17) and the functional class was I (seven patients), II (40), III (three), IV (0), assigned according to Steinbrocker criteria.3 The following treatment …