tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aspirin acetylates nitric oxide synthase type 3 in platelets thereby increasing its activity
Authors: P. O'Kane, L. Xie, Z. Liu, L. Queen, G. Jackson, Y. Ji, A. Ferro
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

Acute administration of aspirin increases nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by platelets, an effect not shared by other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism by which aspirin acutely increases the activity of NO synthase type 3 (NOS-3), the predominant NOS isoform expressed by platelets, and specifically whether this occurs through an increase in its acetylation.Platelets isolated from the blood of healthy human subjects were exposed in vitro to vehicle or aspirin at different concentrations (5 micromol/L-4 mmol/L). Changes in intraplatelet Ca(2+) concentration were determined from fura-2 fluorescence. Following immunoprecipitation of NOS-3 from platelet lysates, its activity was determined from l-[(3)H]arginine to l-[(3)H]citrulline conversion, and its serine phosphorylation quantified by western blotting. Acetylation of NOS-3 in platelets was assessed by the incorporation of radioactivity into the immunoprecipitated enzyme from [acetyl-(14)C]aspirin. Following transfection of HeLa cells with NOS-3, NO biosynthesis in response to aspirin was determined from cyclic GMP measurement, and sites of NOS-3 acetylation were ascertained by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. At all concentrations tested, aspirin increased the activity of NOS-3 from platelets. This was not associated with any measurable change in intraplatelet Ca(2+) concentration. Serine phosphorylation of NOS-3 in platelets was decreased, and this was especially marked for serine-1177 phosphorylation, whereas acetylation of NOS-3 was increased, by aspirin incubation. HeLa cells transfected with NOS-3 exhibited an increase in NO biosynthesis following aspirin exposure, and this was associated with acetylation of the enzyme on both serine-765 and serine-771.Aspirin acetylates NOS-3 acutely in platelets, and this causes an increase in its activity as well as a decrease in its phosphorylation. It is also possible that aspirin indirectly affects NOS-3 activity by acetylating other substrates within the platelet, but this remains to be determined.
Pathogenesis of Portal Hypertension
Authors: Paul Ravenna
Journal: JAMA (1969)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— The article, Contrasting Patterns of Ascites Formation in Hepatic Cirrhosis, by Witte et al (208:1661, 1969) shows well how to distinguish between portal hypertension with stagnant portal flow and portal hypertension with high portal flow. An increase in portal blood flow may be the principal cause of portal hypertension, or associated with splenomegaly, and may be treated by splenectomy without the creation of a porta-caval venous shunt.The idea that splenomegaly and increase in portal flow may cause portal hypertension had been postulated on the basis of painstakingly gathered clinical, anatomic, and pathologic observations, but has not yet been generally accepted. Thus the existence of portal hypertension primarily due to increased portal flow has been either ignored or admitted almost furtively.Much more work is needed, but the article shows clearly how to explore this subject with arteriograms, using portal flow and pressure determinations and the
Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee
Authors: E. G McNally
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Magnetic resonance imaging has had an enormous impact on musculoskeletal imaging and in this area the knee is the most frequently imaged joint. The steadily increasing availability of magnetic resonance imaging is moving the investigation from the realms of the last resort of the hospital specialist to part of the diagnostic evaluation by the general practitioner.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee is most commonly indicated in patients with suspected injuries of the menisci and cruciate ligaments. Plain radiographs have little value unless there has been an injury due to direct impact. In teaching centres where dedicated musculoskeletal radiologists report on images, diagnostic accuracy of 90% can be achieved for damage to the medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligaments, slightly less for the lateral meniscus and slightly more for the posterior cruciate ligament.1-6

The contribution that this level of accuracy can make to therapeutic decisions has been shown …
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for the Management of Brain Metastases
Authors: John H. Suh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 50-year-old man with a history of lung cancer presents with headaches and right-arm numbness; he is found to have a single brain metastasis. Stereotactic radiosurgery is recommended as part of his care. Stereotactic radiosurgery uses multiple narrowly focused beams of radiation to treat one or a few focal lesions while minimizing effects on the surrounding tissue.
A T cell receptor flattens a bulged antigenic peptide presented by a major histocompatibility complex class I molecule
Authors: Fleur E Tynan, Hugh H Reid, Lars Kjer-Nielsen, John J Miles, Matthew C J Wilce, Lyudmila Kostenko, Natalie A Borg, Nicholas A Williamson, Travis Beddoe, Anthony W Purcell, Scott R Burrows, James McCluskey, Jamie Rossjohn
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
Endoscopic Resection as Local Treatment of Mucosal Cancer of the Esophagus
Authors: M. Endo
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Limited surgery is indicated for mucosal cancer of the esophagus without lymph node metastasis. Esophagectomy without thoracotomy and endoscopic resection are carried out as the operative modalities of reduced surgery. Mucosal cancer less than 3 cm in size without any nodal involvement is suitable for endoscopic resection. The maneuver of endoscopic resection of esophageal cancer is carried out as follows; a transparent covering tube with a small channel for electric snare forceps is used, a forward-viewing endoscopic is inserted inside the covering tube, the grasping forceps of the mucosa is inserted through the working channel of the endoscope, the mucosa is grasped by forceps through the opening of snare forceps, and is snared and resected by electric cauterization. The maneuver is repeated. No postoperative complication has ever been experienced. The mechanically induced ulcer down to the submucosal layer heals within a month.
George Trevor Nevin Lawson
Authors: J. Lawson, R. Lawson, P. Lawson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

George Trevor Nevin Lawson (“Trevor”) was an undergraduate at Trinity College Dublin, where he was an exhibition and medal winner and obtained his BA before transferring to Queen’s University, Belfast, qualifying in 1946.

His initial house jobs were in Belfast City and Banbridge Hospitals. With the founding of the NHS in 1948 he decided to enter public health medicine. In 1949 …
Salicylate and Pulmonary Edema
Authors: MARTIN G. TWEEDDALE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 November 1974Salicylate and Pulmonary EdemaMARTIN G. TWEEDDALE, M.D., PH.D; F.R.C.P.(C)MARTIN G. TWEEDDALE, M.D., PH.D; F.R.C.P.(C)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-5-710_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The association of pulmonary edema with salicylate intoxication was recently reemphasised in this journal (1). Two of our recent cases of "aspirin" intoxication were complicated by pulmonary edema and indicate that this association is more apparent than real.A 44-year-old, confused man, a known abuser of alcohol, was admitted with "delirium tremens." He received chlordiazepoxide, 50 mg, immediately and two further doses at 4-hour intervals. He also received phenobarbital, 60 mg, and diphenylhydantoin, 100 mg—both every 8 hours. All medications were administered intramuscularly. Next day, "aspirin" ingestion was reported by the relatives. By this time the patient...References1. DAVISBURCH PR: Pulmonary edema and salicylate intoxication. Ann Intern Med 80:553-554, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar2. SEIGEL H: Human pulmonary pathology associated with narcotic and other addictive drugs. Hum Pathol 3:55-66, 1974 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. GRANVILLE-GROSSMANSERGEANT KH: Pulmonary edema due to salicylate intoxication. Lancet 1:575-577, 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BOGARTZMILLER LW: Pulmonary edema associated with propoxyphene intoxication. JAMA 215:259-262, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. DAVISBURCH PR: Pulmonary edema and salicylate intoxication. Ann Intern Med 80:553-554, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar2. GRANVILLE-GROSSMANSERGEANT KH: Pulmonary edema due to salicylate intoxication. Lancet 1:575-577, 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARTIN G. TWEEDDALE, M.D., PH.D; F.R.C.P.(C)Affiliations: Department of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDrug induced pulmonary parenchymal diseaseCurrent Management of Salicylate-Induced Pulmonary EdemaDrug-induced pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndromeDiuresis or urinary alkalinisation for salicylate poisoning?Antipyretic analgesics 1 November 1974Volume 81, Issue 5Page: 710-711KeywordsAlcoholismAspirinDelirium tremensEdemaIngestionIntoxicationSalicylates ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
War and causality
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The kids are cross. They marched four miles and sat in the park on a freezing cold day listening to speeches they didn't understand, but Tony Blair didn't change his mind.

I tried to explain that the purpose of the peace march wasn't to cause a change of heart in the prime minister, but to register a protest and show comradeship with others who felt the same. In that case, said the …
A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled oral challenge study with lyophilized larvae and antigen of the fish parasite, <i>Anisakis simplex</i>
Authors: J. Sastre, M. Lluch‐Bernal, S. Quirce, I. Arrieta, C. Lahoz, A. Del Amo, E. Fernández‐Caldas, F. Marañón
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background : The third‐stage larvae of Anisakis simplex may be a hidden source of allergens in fish. The objective was to determine whether the ingestion of lyophilized A. simplex larvae, or antigen, induces clinical symptoms in a group of A. simplex ‐sensitized patients. Methods : Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled oral challenges were conducted in 11 individuals who had experienced allergic reactions after eating fish. Another patient had chronic urticaria unrelated to the ingestion of fish. All patients had positive skin tests and specific IgE determinations for A. simplex and negative skin tests to a battery of fish species. Conjunctival tests with A. simplex extracts were conducted in all patients and in five controls. The 12 patients received capsules containing either lactose or one, five, or 25 lyophilized larvae of A. simplex at 2‐h intervals in a double‐blind fashion. The highest single dose was 100 larvae. ECP and tryptase levels in serum were measured before and after the last oral challenge. Lyophilized antigen was also given to five patients. Results : None of the 12 patients experienced a positive reaction after the ingestion of the placebo, the lyophilized larvae, or the antigen. Tryptase and ECP levels before and after challenges did not change significantly. Conjunctival provocation tests were positive in 11 out of the 12 patients and in none of the controls. Conclusions : The ingestion of 100 lyophilized A. simplex larvae, or its equivalent in antigen, does not induce clinical symptoms in individuals with a clinical history and laboratory findings of hypersensitivity to A. simplex . The data suggest that only the ingestion of live larvae may be capable of inducing allergic manifestations.
Cruise Ship Anisocoria
Authors: Frank A. Riddick, Jerry D. Jordan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 July 1992Cruise Ship AnisocoriaFrank A. Riddick Jr., MD, Jerry D. Jordan, MDFrank A. Riddick Jr., MDSearch for more papers by this author, Jerry D. Jordan, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-1-95_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:A woman aboard an Alaskan cruise ship had photophobia and intense pain in the right eye while viewing a glacial ice field in bright sunlight. The right pupil was markedly dilated in both sunlight and shade, whereas the left pupil exhibited normal constriction in sunlight. The woman was wearing soft contact lenses. None of the eyedrops or solutions she used contained mydriatic agents. She was noted to be wearing a scopolamine patch behind the right ear to ward off seasickness; the patch had been in place for 4 days. The patch and the contact lenses were removed.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe PupilsThe PupilsThe PupilsScopolamine 1 July 1992Volume 117, Issue 1Page: 95-95 Issue Published: 1 July 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Experimental study of biological effects of leads and aluminum following oral administration.
Authors: G N Krasovskiĭ, L Y Vasukovich, O G Chariev
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

A wide spectrum of the biological effects of lead and aluminum ions is noted during short-term and long-term oral administration to laboratory animals. The general toxic and gonadotoxic effects of these metals during a short-term experiment appeared to be identical, and the correlation of these effects was preserved during chronic experiments. Lead (0.03 mg/l.) and aluminum (0.5 mg/l.) concentrations in water may be dangerous to the health of the population, and hygienic standards are recommended for inclusion in the standard for drinking water quality.
Kindlin-3 is required for the stabilization of TCR-stimulated LFA-1:ICAM-1 bonds critical for lymphocyte arrest and spreading on dendritic cells
Authors: Sara W. Feigelson, Valentin Grabovsky, Eugenia Manevich-Mendelson, Ronit Pasvolsky, Ziv Shulman, Vera Shinder, Eugenia Klein, Amos Etzioni, Memet Aker, Ronen Alon
Journal: Blood (2011)
Psychiatry for Students
Authors: John A. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Stafford-Clark's<i>Psychiatry for Students,</i>meticulously organized in outline form, includes such diverse subjects as psychiatric emergencies, personality development, forensic psychiatry, pediatric psychiatry, and psychological testing. Its viewpoint —how it feels to be a patient—is belied, however, by lack of attention to the psychodynamic features of the individual's personality and to varied character structures. There is an overemphasis on classification and superficial approaches to treatment. Consonant with the British approach, there is decreased emphasis on alcohol and drug addiction, psychosomatic medicine, personality disorders, and projective forms of psychological testing. Many implications might be questioned—that the schizophrenias are progressive diseases, anxiety an affectual disorder, homosexuality a phase of normal development, addiction a problem in instinctual control. It may be questioned, also, that the neuropathology is microscopically the same in various dementias. There are, nevertheless, very adequate sections on somatic therapies, hypnosis, and dementia, and a valiant attempt is made to present current
Health Care Priority and Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Robert B. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Health care priority for sickle cell anemia (SCA) should be based on its prevalence, severity, and on a standard of support set for similar conditions. Sickle cell anemia occurs in about one in 500 Negro births and median survival is still only 20 years of age. In 1967 there were an estimated 1,155 new cases of SCA, 1,206 of cystic fibrosis, 813 of muscular dystrophy, and 350 of phenylketonuria. Yet volunteer organizations raised $1.9 million for cystic fibrosis, $7.9 million for muscular dystrophy, but less than $100,000 for SCA. National Institutes of Health grants for many less common hereditary illnesses exceed those for SCA. Prevalence data in cities with sizeable black populations show that SCA is a major public health consideration. More appropriate priority for SCA depends on improved public and professional understanding of its importance.
Free fatty acids sensitise hepatocytes to TRAIL mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: H. Malhi, F. J Barreyro, H. Isomoto, S. F Bronk, G. J Gores
Journal: Gut (2007)

Elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFA) contribute to the development of hepatic steatosis and promote hepatocyte apoptosis by incompletely defined mechanisms. Although the death ligand TRAIL has been implicated in a variety of pathological liver diseases, the role of TRAIL in mediating apoptosis of FFA induced steatotic hepatocytes is unknown.We examined TRAIL cytotoxicity in an in vitro model of hepatocyte steatosis induced by FFA.Hepatocytes (Huh 7 cells, HepG2 cells, and primary rat hepatocytes) were rendered steatotic by incubation with oleic acid. Apoptosis was assessed morphologically and biochemically by caspase activity. TRAIL receptor regulation was examined using immunoblot analysis and siRNA for targeted knockdown. c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibition was attained with SP600125.Oleic acid sensitised the cells to TRAIL but not TNF-alpha cytotoxicity. FFA sensitisation to TRAIL occurred at much lower concentrations than required for FFA mediated sensitisation to Fas, or FFA induced lipoapoptosis. Oleic acid treatment led to upregulation of the cognate TRAIL receptor death receptor 5 (DR5) but not death receptor 4 (DR4). The upregulation of DR5 was JNK dependent. siRNA targeted knockdown of either DR5 or DR4 demonstrated that DR5 was responsible for FFA sensitisation to TRAIL killing. DR5 expression was enhanced in steatotic human liver samples.Our results suggest that FFA induced hepatocyte steatosis sensitises to TRAIL by a DR5 mediated JNK dependent mechanism.
EFFICACY OF HIGH-DOSE STATIN FOR PREVENTION OF CONTRAST- INDUCED NEPHROPATHY (CIN) IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Anene Ukaigwe, Paras Karmacharya, Maryam Mahmood, Madan Aryal, Leena Jalota, Anthony Donato
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
PREVENTION OF DIPHTHERIA.Read in the Section on Diseases of Children, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: J. LEWIS SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The physician, when summoned to a case of diphtheria however mild, should never neglect the manifest and very important duty of preventing, so far as possible, its propagation to others. Effectual measures to this end are within his power. Dr. H. B. Baker of Michigan, has published statistics, showing that in 102 outbreaks of diphtheria, the average number of cases, where disinfection and isolation, one or both were neglected was 16, and the average deaths 3.26, while in 116 outbreaks in which isolation and disinfection were enforced, the average number of cases in each outbreak was 2.86, and the average deaths 0.66. Therefore prophylactic measures prevented 13 cases, and 2.57 deaths in the average for each outbreak, in the total 1,545 cases and 298 deaths. These statistics relate to one year. (Annual of Universal Medical Science, 1888.) The remarkable success achieved by Prof. Grancher in preventing the propagation of diphtheria,
Promotion of NHS to be governed by Department of Health code
Authors: Claire Frauenfelder
Journal: BMJ (2006)

NHS organisations and GPs are to be asked to self regulate the way they advertise their services to patients according to rules set by the Department of Health. 

The consultation paper outlining a proposed code of conduct acknowledges that NHS policy increasingly promotes choice for patients. The code of conduct aims to ensure that service providers engage in “appropriate levels of promotional activity,” it says. 

“Through promotional activity, providers will develop a better understanding of the needs and wants of patients and GPs,” said Patricia Hewitt, secretary of state for health, in …
Erythromycin Modulates IL-8 Expression in Normal and Inflamed Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: HAJIME TAKIZAWA, MASASHI DESAKI, TAKAYUKI OHTOSHI, SHIN KAWASAKI, TADASHI KOHYAMA, MAKOTO SATO, MITSURU TANAKA, TSUYOSHI KASAMA, KAZUO KOBAYASHI, JUN NAKAJIMA, KOJI ITO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Erythromycin (EM) and its 14-member macrolide analogues have attracted attention for its effectiveness in a variety of airway diseases, including diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), sinobronchial syndrome, and chronic sinusitis. However, its mechanisms of action remain unelucidated. We evaluated the effects of several antibiotics on IL-8 expression by normal and transformed human bronchial epithelial cells, an important source of this potent chemokine involved in cell recruitment into the airways. EM and clarithromycin (CAM) uniquely suppressed mRNA levels as well as the release of IL-8 at the therapeutic and noncytotoxic concentrations (% inhibition of IL-8 protein release: 25.0 ± 5.67% and 37.5 ± 8.99%, respectively, at 10− 6 M). The other antimicrobes, including a 16-member macrolide josamycin, showed no effect. Bronchial epithelial cells from very peripheral airways as well as from main bronchi were obtained from patients with chronic airway inflammatory diseases, and EM and CAM inhibited IL-8 release from these cells. Among five patients who underwent bronchoscopy before and after macrolide treatment, four showed decreased levels of IL-8 expression in airway epithelium as assessed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Our findings showed these 14-member macrolides had inhibitory effect on IL-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells, and this new mode of action may have relevance to their clinical effectiveness in airway diseases.
Urinary Incontinence in Elderly Nursing Home Patients
Authors: Joseph G. Ouslander, Robert L. Kane, Itamar B. Abrass
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Among elderly nursing home patients, urinary incontinence is a prevalent and costly condition. In seven nursing homes studied, 419 (50%) of the elderly patients were incontinence of urine. Most had been incontinent at admission (64%), had more than one incontinent episode per day or a catheter (72%), and had concomitant fecal incontinence (64%). The majority of incontinent patients had substantial cognitive impairment and limitations in mobility. The severity of these impairments was related to the extent of incontinence. Complications such as urinary tract infection and skin breakdown occurred in almost 45% and were more common in patients with catheters. Physicians recorded incontinence as a problem, or any efforts to evaluate it, in the nursing home records of less than 15% of these patients.