tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Impaired Mitochondrial Autophagy to Cardiac Aging
Authors: Debapriya Dutta, Riccardo Calvani, Roberto Bernabei, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Emanuele Marzetti
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease increases with advancing age. Although long-term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors plays a major role in the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, intrinsic cardiac aging enhances the susceptibility to developing heart pathologies in late life. The progressive decline of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial function is considered a major mechanism underlying heart senescence. Damaged mitochondria not only produce less ATP but also generate increased amounts of reactive oxygen species and display a greater propensity to trigger apoptosis. Given the postmitotic nature of cardiomyocytes, the efficient removal of dysfunctional mitochondria is critical for the maintenance of cell homeostasis, because damaged organelles cannot be diluted by cell proliferation. The only known mechanism whereby mitochondria are turned over is through macroautophagy. The efficiency of this process declines with advancing age, which may play a critical role in heart senescence and age-related cardiovascular disease. The present review illustrates the putative mechanisms whereby alterations in the autophagic removal of damaged mitochondria intervene in the process of cardiac aging and in the pathogenesis of specific heart diseases that are especially prevalent in late life (eg, left ventricular hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and diabetic cardiomyopathy). Interventions proposed to counteract cardiac aging through improvements in macroautophagy (eg, calorie restriction and calorie restriction mimetics) are also presented.
EARLY METHODS OF MEDICAL EDUCATION IN NORTH AMERICA.
Authors: FRANCIS R. PACKARD
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Prior to the foundation of medical colleges in North America it was customary for young men desirous of learning "physic," to go abroad and study in the schools of Edinburgh, London, or the Continent, if they had the means; or, if they had not the "where-withal" they would apprentice themselves for a term of years to some practitioner of repute in the Colonies, and at the expiration of the term of their indenture to him, begin practice on their own account. As there were practically no laws as to who could, or who could not practice medicine, many poorly educated physicians and charlatans arose to feed upon the laity. It has been estimated that at the outset of the War for Independence, there were upward of 3500 practitioners of medicine in the Colonies, of whom not more than 400 had received medical degrees. Dr. Stille,<sup>1</sup>quotes from a "List of
Sensitive and specific assays for C3 nephritic factors clarify mechanisms underlying complement dysregulation
Authors: Danielle Paixão-Cavalcante, Margarita López-Trascasa, Lillemor Skattum, Patricia C. Giclas, Timothy H. Goodship, Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba, Lennart Truedsson, B. Paul Morgan, Claire L. Harris
Journal: Kidney International (2012)

C3 nephritic factors are autoantibodies that prolong the half-life or prevent regulation of the alternative pathway C3 convertase, resulting in uncontrolled complement activation. They are strongly associated with renal disease but their role in pathogenesis remains controversial. Here we optimized and compared a panel of assays to identify and interrogate nephritic factor activities. Of 101 patients with histologic or clinically evident disease, 48 were positive in some or all assays. In the presence of properdin, binding of autoantibody was detected in 39 samples and convertase stabilization was detected in 36. Forty-two of 48 nephritic factors tested prevented convertase decay by factor H, and most of these by decay accelerating factor (28) and complement receptor 1 (34). Representative properdin-independent nephritic factors had no effect on C5 cleavage and terminal pathway activity, while properdin-dependent nephritic factors enhanced activity. Biacore analysis of four purified IgG samples confirmed resistance to decay and showed that properdin-independent nephritic factors increased convertase half-life over 50-fold, whereas properdin-dependent nephritic factors increased the half-life 10- to 20-fold and also increased activity of the C3 convertase up to 10-fold. Thus, our study provides a rational approach to detect and characterize nephritic factors in patients.
Locums should have log books
Authors: D J Dye
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Clare Dyer's article on a consultant who was found guilty of serious professional misconduct after failing to investigate complaints that a locum, Dr Behrooz Irani, was endangering patients contains a factual error. In February 1993 (that is, six months after the incident at Castle Hill Hospital) Dr Irani was not working in Hull but was employed as a locum consultant anaesthetist at St Lawrence Hospital, Chepstow. The incident in which Dr Irani left the operating theatre …
Analysis of the coding genome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Laura Pasqualucci, Vladimir Trifonov, Giulia Fabbri, Jing Ma, Davide Rossi, Annalisa Chiarenza, Victoria A Wells, Adina Grunn, Monica Messina, Oliver Elliot, Joseph Chan, Govind Bhagat, Amy Chadburn, Gianluca Gaidano, Charles G Mullighan, Raul Rabadan, Riccardo Dalla-Favera
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Wanted: a social contract for the practice of medicine
Authors: R. Gillon, R. Higgs, K. Boyd, B. Callaghan, R. Hoffenberg
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The scandal about stored organs1 is only one recent manifestation of fundamental disagreements about what people expect from medicine. Irreconcilable differences remain between those who think it's kinder not to go into detail when asking permission to remove organs after death and those who think that respect for individuals' autonomy requires that they should be given all information, no matter how distressing. Moreover, in society the balance of such beliefs changes over time. We propose that an independent high level standing commission should be created to determine socially acceptable norms in the NHS and medicine generally—in effect to draw up and maintain a “social contract” between healthcare workers and the community they serve.

There are many areas in which expectations differ over the practice of medicine. Among these …
Infections of Prosthetic Heart Valves and Vascular Grafts: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Alan Marty
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Some inveterate lumpers still regard treatment of intravascular prosthetic infections as Osier once viewed the therapy for natural endocarditis, ie, useless and hopeless in the majority of cases. This splitter oriented book puts such lumpers to shame. First, it distinguishes vascular graft infections from those of prosthetic heart valves. (The graft infections are usually external, do not communicate with the vascular compartment, and thus are not often associated with positive venous blood cultures.)  Second, after emphasizing the differences between natural endocarditis and prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), it subdivides PVE into early (less than 60 days from implantation) and late PVE. Early PVE is more lethal and has a different microbiological spectrum. Third, it suggests that the mortality for either type of PVE can be lowered by prompt surgical intervention. Medical therapy alone now seems appropriate only for late-onset, uncomplicated PVE due to Streptococcus viridans . Always clinically relevant, the authors present
THE MEDICAL PROFESSIONIN THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LIFE OF AMERICA.
Authors: CHARLES A. L. REED
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The delivery of an address before the Army Medical School, while a pleasant distinction for which I am grateful to the surgeon general, involves, nevertheless, a responsibility that I approach with conscious diffidence. This feeling of trepidation arises, in part at least, from the fact that, as a professional man engaged however, in civil practice, I find myself surrounded by new conditions that are provocative of new thoughts and suggestive of new problems. Thus, for instance, there comes quite naturally to my mind the thought that the medical profession, wherever taught, avowed or practiced, presents the phenomena of a certain unity, a certain solidarity; but that, as exemplified, respectively, in public and private, military and civil practice, it presents important variations, and finally, that the causes of the variations and the reciprocal relations of the variants must be matters of interesting if not important consideration. This same
Early localised prostate cancer may accelerate after 15 years
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Watchful waiting is not a good idea for some patients with early localised prostate cancer because local progression and aggressive metastatic disease may develop after 15 years. This finding comes from a 20 year study—one of the largest and longest yet—from a Swedish group and published in JAMA (2004;291: 2713-9)

“We had not anticipated this increased risk after 15 years,” the lead author, Dr Jan-Erik Johansson of Orebro University Hospital, told the BMJ. 

The study followed 223 patients with early stage, localised …
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection with Severe Pulmonary Venous Obstruction
Authors: ALOIS R. HASTREITER, MILTON H. PAUL, MARIAN E. MOLTHAN, ROBERT A. MILLER
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The clinical, physiologic, and anatomic features of a special group of cases of total anomalous, pulmonary venous connection are reviewed. The occurrence of severe pulmonary venous obstruction in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection produces a characteristic syndrome: 1. Very early onset of dyspnea and heart failure. 2. Considerably more cyanosis than the usual case without obstruction. 3. Typical x-ray showing diffuse hazy lung fields with reticulated appearance without cardiac enlargement. 4. Electrocardiographic evidence of severe right ventricular hypertrophy with a tall R or qR pattern in lead V 1 and reversal of the R/S ratio over the precordium. 5. Physiologic findings of practically normal pulmonary flow, right ventricular and pulmonary arterial pressures greater than systemic, and a marked gradient between the pulmonary arterial "wedge" and right atrial pressures. 6. Rapid deterioration and death in the first weeks or months of life.
Dysenteric Outbreak Due to Colon Bacillus.
Authors: M. V. Ball
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Warren, Pa., Feb. 12, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On Dec. 8, 1906, nearly 3,000 persons—approximately one-third of the population of Warren—were attacked within a short time by severe vomiting, profuse watery bowel discharges and some prostration. There was no fever, and most of the symptoms disappeared within 12 hours. Warning was at once given to boil the water used for drinking, and those who obeyed had no further symptoms. Others continued to suffer from attacks of diarrhea for a period of two weeks. In no case did any typhoid fever develop. Analyses of the general water supply were made on December 8, and at frequent intervals thereafter, and the wells from which the public supply is obtained were found contaminated with sewage. The<i>Bacillus coli communis</i>was found in every sample examined. These wells are 60 feet deep, but they are located in a very insanitary region, near numerous outhouses
Hepatitis B Virus Markers in Asian Families
Authors: MYRON J. TONG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1985Hepatitis B Virus Markers in Asian FamiliesMYRON J. TONG, Ph.D., M.D., RUTH L. CO, R.N.MYRON J. TONG, Ph.D., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RUTH L. CO, R.N.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-2-307_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Hepatitis B is endemic in the Asian population and the prevalence of hepatitis B markers is especially high in this group. During adulthood, many persons who are positive carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) will develop chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Perinatal transmission accounts for infection of approximately 50% of the chronic HBsAg-positive carriers, and the remainder are infected during the first few years of life. We provide evidence of additional familial sources for subsequent hepatitis B virus infection to infants who escape perinatal transmission from their HBsAg-positive mothers during birth.During the course...References1. BEASLEYHWANGLEE RLG. Prevention of perinatally transmitted hepatitis B virus infections with hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine. Lancet. 1983;2:1099-102. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WONGIPREESINK VHH. Prevention of the HBsAg carrier state in newborn infants of mothers who are chronic carriers of HBsAg and HBeAg by administration of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin. Lancet. 1984;1:921-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. STEVENSTOYTONG CPM. Perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission in the United States: prevention by passive-active immunization. JAMA. 1985;253:1740-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. LOTSAILEE KYS. Combined passive and active immunization for interruption of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan. Hepatogastroenterology. (In press). Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Huntington Memorial Hospital Pasadena, CA 91109-7013 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHepatitis B Virus Infection and Immunizations Among Asian American College Students: Infection, Exposure, and Immunity RatesDifferences in Knowledge of Hepatitis B Among Korean Immigrants in Two Cities in the Rocky Mountain RegionHepatitis B infection among Asian American Pacific Islanders in the Rocky Mountain areaAETIOPATHOGENESIS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAHEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION IN ASIAN AMERICANSHepatitis B vaccination of neonates and children 1 August 1985Volume 103, Issue 2Page: 307-308KeywordsBirthChronic hepatitisCirrhosisHepatitis BHepatitis B surface antigenHepatitis B virusHepatocellular carcinomaInfants Issue Published: 1 August 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Interleukin‐5 mRNA in three T‐cell lymphomas with eosinophilia
Authors: Michael Samoszuk, Eiman Ramzi, Dennis L. Cooper
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract The objective of this controlled pilot study was to determine if mRNA coding for interleukin‐5 (IL‐5), a cytokine that promotes eosinophil differentiation, growth, and migration, could be detected in three T‐cell lymphomas that were infiltrated extensively by eosinophils. To detect mRNA coding for IL‐5, we performed an RNA polymerase chain reaction on mRNA extracted from three T‐cell lymphomas with eosinophilia and from 29 positive and negative validation controls. Using this procedure, we detected a 293‐base pair, IL‐5‐specific amplification product in the three cases of T‐cell lymphoma with eosinophilia and in 11 of 12 positive validation controls, including 10 cases of Hodgkin's disease with eosinophilia. IL‐5 mRNA was not detectable in the 17 negative validation controls. This preliminary study suggests that IL‐5 mRNA is detectable by polymerase chain reaction in three cases of T‐cell lymphoma with eosinophilia. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Foreign medical graduates. Profiles of those qualifying for practice in the United States, 1957 to 1971
Authors: H. R. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Thousands of foreign medical graduates initially attracted by residency training opportunities in the United States have become permanent additions to the US medical manpower pool. While the numbers migrating from Western countries have remained constant, there continues to be an upsurge of physicians migrating from the Far East and Middle East. Once qualified for practice, they tend to settle in the more populous metropolitan states; proportionately, they hold more full-time staff positions in state and county hospitals. These foreign graduates seek specialty training and board certification in about the same proportion as their American counterparts. (<i>JAMA</i>229:428-430, 1974)
Choroidal Ischemia in Preeclampsia
Authors: D S Lam, W Chan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Figure 1. A 27-year-old woman was hospitalized during her first pregnancy because of preeclampsia at 38 weeks of gestation. Her blood pressure was 160/100 mm Hg, and she had ankle edema and proteinuria. Oliguria soon developed, and a cesarean section was performed. Blurring of the vision in both eyes developed one day later. The visual acuity was 20/30 in each eye. The pupils were equal and responsive. Ophthalmoscopy revealed scattered, yellowish, opaque lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium deep within the retina of both eyes, predominantly in the peripapillary regions (arrows in Panel A). The optic disks and retinal vessels . . .
Doctor of Primary Medicine
Authors: Maurice Kovnat
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  I agree with Dr. Proger in the faults he finds with the present attempts to solve the problems of the disappearing general practitioner, which he lists under three headings. But I would add a fourth—his proposal to add a new school for training Primary Care Physicians (PMD). This is another radical change in medical education that we can do without.  The revolution Flexner created came at a time when medical education in the United States was in a sorry state. Our graduates were compelled to go abroad to gain any competence. But in the 50 years of my experience I have been witness to giant steps in medical practice, education, and research in the United States. Our progress has been orderly and effective. Our system of medical education, which begins with matriculation and ends with retirement, needs no revolutionary changes, only modification and improvement to fit changing
Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in an elderly urban Korean population
Authors: Hyun‐Kyung Park, Kyoung‐Ryul Lee, Young‐Jin Kim, Han‐Ik Cho, Jung Eun Kim, Ki Woong Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Keun‐Wook Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Soo‐Mee Bang, Jong‐Seok Lee
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Research on the epidemiology of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is limited in Korea. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of MGUS in an elderly urban Korean population. A random sample of 1118 Korean elders was selected from residents aged 65 years or older living in Seongnam, Korea 1 year from August 2005. We obtained plasma samples remaining after scheduled tests for the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. The mean age of the study population was 72 years (range, 65-97 years). To screen for MGUS, immunofixation and free light-chain (FLC) assays were performed. Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted MGUS prevalence rates in 680 responders were estimated as 3.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.0-4.6%], and the estimated age-adjusted prevalence of MGUS was 4.3% in men (95% CI = 1.9-6.6%) and 2.6% in women (95% CI = 1.0-4.2%). Abnormal FLC ratios were detected in 10% of MGUS cases. Multivariate analysis of 945 participants revealed that significant risk factors for MGUS included advanced age, male sex, hyperproteinemia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and abnormal FLC ratio. MGUS is less prevalent among elderly Koreans (3.3%) than other races. This is the first study to estimate the prevalence of MGUS in the Korean elderly population. Our findings should be confirmed with additional studies analyzing follow-up samples from 2010.
Prostaglandin E inhibits the production of human interleukin 2.
Authors: R S Rappaport, G R Dodge
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Prostaglandins of the E type specifically inhibited the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by normal human lymphocytes, whereas PG synthetase inhibitors such as indomethacin and fentiazac raised IL-2 production above normal levels. Removal of adherent cells from mononuclear cell populations also resulted in enhanced IL-2 production. The resultant nonadherent cell population lost sensitivity to the enhancement effect of PG synthetase inhibitors, suggesting that a PGE-producing adherent cell plays a major role in the regulation of IL-2.
Abstract 5353: Characterization of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in Egyptian breast cancer patients through genetic profiling using the RT-PCR and quantitative real time microarray
Authors: Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri, Abeer A. Bahnassy, Ola S. Ahmed, Magda Mourad
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Stem cells (SC) are cells that can differentiate along distinct lineages through systemic differentiation steps. The concept of self renewal is crucial to understand cancer stem cells (CSC) and the mechanisms by which current therapies might evade the available treatment modalities. The aim of the present study was to characterize breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) by genetic profiling of properly isolated BCSCs at different stages using the recently developed quantitative real time microarray technology to understand the origin and contribution BCSCs to breast cancer development and progression. Material and Methods: 60 cases of BC were subjected to enzymatic digestion to obtain single cell suspension for: 1) flowcytometric characterization of cells, 2) mammosphere culture 3) magnetic separation of different subsets of BCSCs (CD44 and CD24), and 4) RNA extraction for RT-PCR and microarray using the SABiosciences's QC PCR profiler Arrays with SC panel of 84 genes (SC specific markers, SC differentiation markers, and signaling pathway markers for SC). Samples for the QC PCR profiler Arrays were categorized into groups: 1) normal breast tissue, 2) BC cells obtained from tumor samples, 3) cells from mammosphere cultures, 4)CD44+/CD24low/EpCAM- cells, 5) CD44+/ CD24low cells. ER, PR and Her-2 assessment was also performed. Results: Discrete mammospheres of different sizes were obtained from 10 cases and IHC of these samples confirmed the SC lineage. By FCM, cells expressing CD44+/CD24low ranged from 0.1% - 79%. MYC, MYST2, DHH, BTRC AND CXCL12 genes showed over-expression in the studied groups in comparison to normal breast tissue. Comparing all studied groups, we identified 5 candidate genes DVL1 and EP300 (Notch pathway), BTRC (Wnt Pathway), DHH (Chro-Chro Modulation), MYST2 (self Renewal), NCAM1 (Cell Adhesion Molecules) which could be used for characterization and molecular target therapy for breast cancerl. Conclusions: Our QC PCR profiler Arrays showed significant differences between the studied groups shedding light on the nature and helping in proper characterization of BCSCs. Correlation between prognostic factors of BC and the number of BCSCs in tumor biopsies together with the probability of mammoshpere formation in culture denotes the contribution of CSCS to the progression of BC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5353. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5353