tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sydenham's Chorea
Authors: Marvin E. Jaffe
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article on Sydenham's chorea<sup>1</sup>was a well-timed reminder of a potentially serious complication of inadequately diagnosed streptococcal infection. Physicians need to be aware of this issue. However, I was concerned that the detailed results of a patient who was part of a randomized, comparative treatment trial that had not been reported were used as an anecdotal case report. Dr Swedo also reported this case as part of the Grand Rounds from which the article was drawn. Prudence and good science suggest that a report of a single patient should not be published before publication of the entire study from which this patient was drawn. If the author believes that plasmapheresis is a better therapy than the comparators, intravenous immunoglobulin and prednisone, patients should not be randomly allocated to presumptively inferior treatments. If the issue needs resolution by a clinical trial, positive results of a single
Blockade of PI3Kγ suppresses joint inflammation and damage in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Montserrat Camps, Thomas Rückle, Hong Ji, Vittoria Ardissone, Felix Rintelen, Jeffrey Shaw, Chiara Ferrandi, Christian Chabert, Corine Gillieron, Bernard Françon, Thierry Martin, Denise Gretener, Dominique Perrin, Didier Leroy, Pierre-Alain Vitte, Emilio Hirsch, Matthias P Wymann, Rocco Cirillo, Matthias K Schwarz, Christian Rommel
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
Chemotaxis of monocytes and neutrophils to platelet-derived growth factor.
Authors: T F Deuel, R M Senior, J S Huang, G L Griffin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is shown to be chemotactic for monocytes and neutrophils. Maximum monocyte chemotaxis to PDGF is fully equal to that achieved with C5a and occurs at congruent to 20 ng/ml (congruent to 0.7 nM). Maximum neutrophil chemotaxis is congruent to 60% that achieved with C5A but occurs at congruent to 1 ng/ml (congruent to 32 pM). The chemotactic activity of PDGF is blocked by specific antisera to PDGF and by protamine sulfate, a competitive inhibitor of PDGF binding to cell surfaces. In contrast to PDGF, epidermal growth factor shows no chemotactic activity for inflammatory cells at 0.5-100 ng/ml. The high level of chemotactic activity of PDGF suggests that in addition to its role as a mitogen for smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, PDGF may be involved in attracting inflammatory cells to sites of platelet release.
Esophageal Intramural Metastasis from Adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction
Authors: I. Szántó, A. Vörös, P. Nagy, G. Gonda, E. M. Gamal, Á. Altorjay, J. Banai, J. Kiss
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Among a total of 143 patients examined for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the cardia, intramural esophageal metastases were verified in six patients (4.19 %). In each case the diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. The histological structure of the primary tumors and metastases was the same. Metastases were detected by endoscopic ultrasound examination in three cases. All the cardia tumors proved to be well advanced. As well as endoscopic identification of the primary tumor, thorough examination of the proximal part of the esophagus is of great importance.
MEDICAL REVERIES
Authors: Ervin Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Strength, limits, and resistance to change of operant theory
Authors: François Tonneau
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The research Nevin &amp; Grace report is impressive in its integrative power, but it also shows the current limits of operant theory: There is tremendous concentration on understanding how existing behavioral relations are modulated in rate or time allocation, but little on dealing with the origin of the behavioral relations themselves. Specifying what should count as a behavioral unit will require source principles sensitive to the composition of the units being related.
EXTENSION POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL INSTRUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Authors: LEROY E. PARKINS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The amount of useful information of the medical profession has increased from generation to generation, especially in the last fifty years. The members of the medical profession are guardians of this great fund of knowledge, which should be used to its fullest extent for the good of mankind. The dissemination of this knowledge and its actual application to the relief and prevention of suffering constitute a continuous problem. Improvements in treatment and new discoveries are constantly being made, so that it is necessary for all physicians to continue to study if they hope to fulfil their trust and give the best possible medical service. The store of professional knowledge is in the medical schools, the health departments, the medical libraries and hospitals, and the minds of highly educated physicians. The agents for disseminating this information so that it may become an actual force in improving the community health are the
P1-03-07: Subtype-Specific Gene Expression Signatures in Peritumoral Non-Neoplastic Breast Tissue.
Authors: T Williams, E Roman-Perez, JL Rein, KD Amos, MA Troester
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Tumors and histologically normal-tissue adjacent to cancer share many biological features with healing wounds. We previously described that the majority of cancer-adjacent normal (CN) tissues show activation of wound response gene expression signatures. However, CN tissue also shows considerable heterogeneity across patients. Therefore, to characterize interindividual variation in CN tissues, we performed unsupervised clustering on gene expression data from women with invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Two distinct classes of CN tissue were identified, one of which showed gene expression consistent with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that is well known to be activated in healing wounds. Activation of this signature was present in ∼40% of cancer-adjacent normal specimens and it was also correlated with poor outcome among ER-positive patients. We next hypothesized that gene expression changes in cancer-adjacent normal tissue would be associated with breast cancer subtype and/or estrogen receptor status. To test this, we performed supervised analysis to identify subtype-associated gene expression profiles in CN. We observed that more aggressive tumor subtypes had distinct gene expression profiles in the adjacent normal tissue in supervised analysis. Specifically, Basal-like and luminal B tumors were characterized by reduced expression of claudins and cell adhesion genes, while also exhibiting higher expression of transcription factors associated with migration. These characteristic changes were validated in independent datasets by evaluating the ability of these signatures to predict subtype. It is possible to predict tumor subtype using just adjacent normal gene expression. Thus, our findings show that cancer-adjacent tissue may have value in identifying tumor subtype for cases where tumors are too small to allow genomic analyses. Furthermore, genomic field effects may have clinical implications if, as our data suggests, subtypes with higher local recurrence rates (e.g. basal-like and luminal B breast cancers) have widespread genomic alterations, even in non-neoplastic tissue. Widespread genomic changes may indicate a need for mastectomy rather than breast conserving therapy. Ongoing work is (1) assessing these signatures in association with relapse outcomes in the Polish Women's Breast Cancer Study, where more than 10 years of follow up data have been accrued on more than 200 patients, and (2) using co-culture models systems to study paracrine communication between breast cancer cells and stroma according to breast cancer subtypes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-03-07.
The Clinical Results of a Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Blocker (Abciximab: ReoPro)-Coated Stent in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Weon Kim, Myung Ho Jeong, Kye Hun Kim, Il Suk Sohn, Young Joon Hong, Hyung Wook Park, Ju Han Kim, Young Keun Ahn, Jeong Gwan Cho, Jong Chun Park, Dong Lyun Cho, Jung Chae Kang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Schizophrenia Therapy: the Trigger Effect An Exceptional Response to a Short Intervention
Authors: Uri Lowental
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1980)

A rapid abatement of symptoms during schizophrenia therapy may be called a 'trigger response'. These are combined effects of autonomous positive, constructively healthy potentials preserved within the pathological constellation, and of a therapist's active acceptance, care, and frankly direct communications; the technique includes partaking of certain risks as well as directiveness and drug prescription. Autonomous trigger effects are ingredients of many ameliorations in schizophrenia, both spontaneous and therapeutically initiated. The proceedings of one exceptional treatment are reported in order to illustrate the concept with an outstanding example.
Asthma and allergy: the significance of chronic conditions for individual health behaviour
Authors: K. Bolin, B. Lindgren
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: In health economics, health is regarded as part of an individual's human capital. As such it depreciates over time, and investments in health are made in order to keep the stock of health capital at the desired level. Using this framework for analysis of health‐related behaviour and Swedish panel data, we examined whether the presence of asthma or allergy affects perceived health and investments in health. Methods: A set of panel data for approximately 3800 individuals interviewed repeatedly in 1980/81, 1988/89, and 1996/97 was created from the Swedish biannual survey of living conditions. Self‐assessed health was chosen as the indicator of health capital and the reported number of sick days as the indicator of health investment. The presence of asthma or allergy, age, wage rate, wealth, marital status, number of children, exercise and smoking habits, gender, and geographic location of household were all chosen as explanatory variables. An ordered probit model was estimated for the health equation and a Poisson model for the investment equation. Results: We found that both asthmatics and those who suffer from allergy invested more in their health than the general population. We also found that asthmatics reported significantly lower self‐assessed health than the general population, while those who suffered from allergy did not differ significantly from the general population regarding their self‐assessed health. Conclusion: The human capital approach was found suitable for studying the impact of asthma and allergy on individual health behaviour. Health policy measures, which reduce the individual's costs of investing in his or her health, would improve health levels. Because asthmatics were found less healthy than those suffering from allergy, the potential gains would be larger for patients with asthma than for patients with allergy. The issue of whether this would be a cost‐effective policy or not would require a different design and, hence, could not be solved within the present study.
Awareness of a hospital's antibiotic policy can be improved
Authors: A. Levy
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Smoking research of the 1950s could be celebrated in UK and US stampsEditor-Tobacco Control reproduced anti-tobacco postage stamps on the covers of its first six issues. [1]2][3][4] By 1992, 43 countries had issued anti-tobacco stamps, 1 and Poland issued an antismoking postcard as far back as 1971.Sixty five countries have now issued anti-tobacco stamps or other postal items.Two of the recent issues are from Libya in 1995 and Romania in 1999 (figures).By contrast, 125 countries have
Abstract 682: Increased stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression is associated with shorter survival in breast cancer patients
Authors: Ashley M. Holder, Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo, Huiqin Chen, Argun Akcakanat, Kim Anh-Do, Fraser Symmans, Lajos Pusztai, Gabriel Hortobagyi, Gordon B. Mills, Funda Meric-Bernstam
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is an essential regulator of fatty acid synthesis that affects cell membrane composition and may play a role in cancer cell metabolism. We have previously shown that SCD1 expression is increased by mTOR signaling and that SCD1 increases breast cancer cell growth in vitro. The purpose of this study was to determine protein levels of SCD1 in breast cancer and to determine whether there is an association between SCD1 levels and survival. Fine needle aspirates were collected from the primary breast cancers of 253 patients with Stage I-III breast cancer and protein lysates were prepared. SCD1 expression was analyzed using reverse phase proteomic array. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics including age, ethnicity, menopausal status, clinical stage, tumor grade, and tumor subtype were reviewed. Samples were divided into high or low SCD1 levels based on a cut-off determined from martingale residual plots and regression tree analysis. SCD1 levels were significantly higher in older patients and lower in triple negative (estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 negative) cancers, After adjusting for tumor subtype, tumor grade, age, and clinical stage, patients who had high SCD1 levels had significantly shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) (p=0.013) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.038). SCD1 level varies by breast cancer subtype and predicts significantly shorter RFS and OS. Future studies are needed to define the role of SCD1 in breast cancer and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 682. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-682
Disease threatens millions in wake of tsunami
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2005)

With a confirmed death toll of almost 150 000, the earthquake that devastated countries bordering the Indian Ocean on 26 December is one of the worst natural disasters in living memory, prompting the biggest peace time aid operation in history. According to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, “Latest estimated deaths are over 146 000 (anticipated to rise to over 185 000), with over 525 000 injured, over 20 000 missing, close to 1.6 million displaced, and over 1 million estimated homeless.”.
Targeted nanoparticles containing the proresolving peptide Ac2-26 protect against advanced atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice
Authors: Gabrielle Fredman, Nazila Kamaly, Stefano Spolitu, Jaclyn Milton, Devram Ghorpade, Raymond Chiasson, George Kuriakose, Mauro Perretti, Omid Farokhzad, Ira Tabas
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Targeted nanoparticles containing Ac2-26 protect against the progression of advanced atherosclerosis in mice by promoting resolution of inflammation through activating FPR2/ALX on myeloid cells.
What is a group? Conceptual clarity can help integrate evolutionary and social scientific research on cooperation
Authors: Drew Gerkey, Lee Cronk
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Smaldino argues that evolutionary theories of social behavior do not adequately explain the emergence of group-level traits, including differentiation of roles and organized interactions among individuals. We find Smaldino's account to be commendable but incomplete. Our commentary focuses on a simple question that has not been adequately addressed: What is a group?
Changes with age in the glycosaminoglycans of human articular cartilage.
Authors: R J Elliott, D L Gardner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Human articular cartilage was obtained post mortem from the lateral femoral condyles of 30 subjects aged from under 1 to 70 years. Cryostat sections taken 0--100 micrometers and 900--100 micrometers deep to the cartilage surface were exhaustively extracted to recover the glycosaminoglycans (GAG). After fractionation by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and enzyme depolymerisation individual GAG were determined by alcian blue -0.05 M MgCl2 and disaccharide microassay procedures. Changes with age were observed in GAG concentration and in the proportion of individual GAG. Large alterations occurred during the period of skeletal growth (0--16y). At birth GAG formed about 50% of the dry weight of cartilage, a value that decreased to about 15% in adult cartilage. Chondroitin sulphates (ChS) formed the principal GAG of articular cartilage and accounted for almost all of the GAG of the infant material. The ChS decreased with age and were partially replaced by keratan sulphate (KS), so the KS eventually comprised 12% of the GAG. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was identified and was found to increase linearly with age to form 6% by weight of the cartilage GAG by 60y.
Occupational asthma caused by natural rubber latex
Authors: O Vandenplas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

IgE-mediated sensitization in protein allergens of natural rubber latex (NRL) can induce immediate hypersensitivity reactions ranging from mild urticaria in life threatening anaphylaxis after cutaneous, mucosal or visceral exposure. Elutable allergens from NRL gloves absorb to the cornstarch powder particles, become airborne, and have the potential to cause respiratory reactions. Recent studies indicate that asthma is a frequent manifestation of NRL allergy among workers manufacturing NRL materials and among health-care providers using NRL workers. NRL-induced asthma should receive increasing attention as it can lead to permanent respiratory sequelae and occupational disability. The need for early and accurate diagnosis is outlined and the different diagnostic approaches are reviewed. Specific issues pertaining to the management of affected subjects and to the prevention of exposure to airborne NRL are discussed. Ares of future research should include: 1) further characterization of relevant NRL allergens; 2) development and validation of methods for quantitative assessment of allergen content in NRL devices and workplace environment; 3) evaluation of the natural history and risk factors of NRL-induced asthma; and 5) analysis of effectiveness and cost of preventive strategies.
Randomised controlled trial of long term efficacy of captopril on preservation of kidney function in normotensive patients with insulin dependent diabetes and microalbuminuria
Authors: E. R Mathiesen, E. Hommel, H. P Hansen, U. M Smidt, H.-H. Parving
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In patients with insulin dependent diabetes, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition delays the progression from microalbuminuria to diabetic nephropathy, but previous studies have been too short to show a preservation of kidney function.1–3 We assessed the effectiveness of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on preservation of kidney function in an 8 year prospective, randomised controlled trial.

Forty four normotensive patients with insulin dependent (type I) diabetes and persistent microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24 h) were enrolled as previously described in detail.1 The treatment group (n=21) was given captopril (100 mg/24 h) and bendrofluazide (2.5 mg/24 h). The 23 remaining patients were left untreated. Diabetic nephropathy was defined as albuminuria persistently >300 mg/24 h. Glomerular filtration rate was measured annually with Crom EDTA plasma clearance over 4 hours.1

After 4 years two patients in each group were excluded because they did not attend follow up sessions. Four of the patients …
Fatal Halothane Hepatitis with Transient Granulomas
Authors: Erl Dordal, Seymour Glagov, Robert A. Orlando, Charles Platz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

CLINICAL evidence indicates that adverse reactions to halothane are probably due to individual idiosyncrasies or hypersensitivities.1 2 3 4 5 Despite widespread use of the anesthetic, a recent national study6 revealed that associated fulminant hepatic necrosis was very infrequent but that patients who had been exposed twice were more prone to liver injury than those exposed only once. The present case provides additional morphologic evidence that halothane hepatitis is a hypersensitivity reaction. In addition to the usual histologic findings consistent with halothane hepatitis, tuberculoid granulomas were found in a liver biopsy of a woman who became jaundiced after a second exposure to the anesthetic. . . .
Constitutive Activation of Smoothened (SMO) Enhances MMTV-c-ErbB2-Induced, but Not MMTV-Wnt1-Induced, Mammary Tumorigenesis.
Authors: J. Landua, R. Moraes, Y. Li, M. Lewis
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background. Smoothened (Smo) is a key effector protein in the hedgehog signaling pathway, a developmental pathway involved in the regulation of pattern formation, proliferation, cell fate, and stem/progenitor cell function in the mammary gland. In human clinical samples, altered hedgehog signaling occurs early in breast cancer development with SMO ectopically expressed in 70% of DCIS and 30% of IBC. Coupled with our genetic studies in mice, these clinical observations suggest a causal or contributory role in breast cancer.Materials and Methods. To determine whether activation of SMO is oncogenic in the mammary gland, and to study possible interactions between hedgehog signaling and other oncogenic signaling pathways, we crossed transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active form of Smo (SmoM2) under the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus promoter (MMTV-SmoM2) with mice expressing either MMTV-Wnt1 or MMTV-c-ErbB2. Time to tumor onset, tumor growth, and tumor multiplicity were measured, and resulting tumors evaluated histologically.Results. Expression of MMTV-SmoM2 was not oncogenic as a single genetic alteration. In genetic crosses, simultaneous expression of MMTV-Wnt1 and MMTV-SmoM2 within mammary epithelium did not affect tumor formation. However, simultaneous expression of MMTV-c-ErbB2 and MMTV-SmoM2 resulted in significantly accelerated median time to tumor formation, with an overall tumor formation rate of 100% compared to MMTV-c-ErbB2 alone (74%).Discussion. Activated SMO is not oncogenic under the conditions tested. However, MMTV-SmoM2 interacts genetically with MMTV-c-ErbB2, but not MMTV-Wnt1 to promote mammary tumorigenesis. Together, our data indicate a contributory role for Smo in breast cancer progression and suggest that hedgehog signaling inhibitors may be useful for treatment of a subset of human breast cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3152.