tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Minoxidil upregulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human hair dermal papilla cells
Authors: None Lachgar, None Charveron, None Gall, None Bonafe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

The hair follicle dermal papilla which controls hair growth, is characterized in the anagen phase by a highly developed vascular network. We have demonstrated in a previous study that the expression of an angiogenic growth factor called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA varied during the hair cycle. VEGF mRNA is strongly expressed in dermal papilla cells (DPC) in the anagen phase, but during the catagen and telogen phases, VEGF mRNA is less strongly expressed. This involvement of VEGF during the hair cycle allowed us to determine whether VEGF mRNA expression by DPC was regulated by minoxidil. In addition, the effect of minoxidil on VEGF protein synthesis in both cell extracts and DPC-conditioned medium, was investigated immunoenzymatically. Both VEGF mRNA and protein were significantly elevated in treated DPC compared with controls. DPC incubated with increasing minoxidil concentrations (0.2, 2, 6, 12 and 24 μmol/L) induced a dose-dependent expression of VEGF mRNA. Quantification of transcripts showed that DPC stimulated with 24 μmol/L minoxidil express six times more VEGF mRNA than controls. Similarly, VEGF protein production increases in cell extracts and conditioned media following minoxidil stimulation. These studies strongly support the likely involvement of minoxidil in the development of dermal papilla vascularization via a stimulation of VEGF expression, and support the hypothesis that minoxidil has a physiological role in maintaining a good vascularization of hair follicles in androgenetic alopecia.
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Outbreak Associated With Pet Hamsters
Authors: Robert J. Biggar
Journal: JAMA (1975)

An outbreak of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) associated with pet hamsters acquired through a nationwide distributor was recognized in New York in February 1974. In upstate New York, 57 cases occurred in a four-month period. Complete information was obtained on 49 patients ranging in age from 3 to 70 years. Characteristic findings included fever (90%), headache (85%), and severe myalgia (80%). Typically, laboratory findings consisted of a normal blood cell count and cerebrospinal fluid with mononuclear leukocyte pleocytosis and moderate hypoglycorrhachia. All patients had contact with hamsters from one distributor. Most of the hamsters were acquired in mid to late December 1973, but some as late as March 1974. From each of eight families in which hamsters were available, at least one hamster had detectable complement-fixing antibodies for LCM. Infection rates within families varied with location and type of hamster cage; open cages and cages situated in common living areas were associated with highest infection rates (45% and 52%, respectively). Severity of illness was not associated with direct contact with hamsters. Onset of illness occurred between 8 and 90 days after initial exposure to hamsters. (<i>JAMA</i>232:494-500, 1975)
<i>GSTM1</i> , <i>GSTT1</i> , and <i>GSTP1</i> Polymorphisms and Associations between Air Pollutants and Markers of Insulin Resistance in Elderly Koreans
Authors: Jin Hee Kim, Yun-Chul Hong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Previous studies have suggested that diabetes mellitus (DM) is an outcome of exposure to air pollution, and metabolic detoxification genes affect air pollution-related outcomes.We evaluated associations between air pollutants and markers of insulin resistance (IR), an underlying mechanism of type 2 DM, and effect modification by GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes among elderly participants in the Korean Elderly Environmental Panel (KEEP) study.We recruited 560 people ≥ 60 years of age and obtained blood samples from them up to three times between 2008 and 2010. For air pollution exposure, we used ambient air pollutant [i.e., particulate matter ≤ 10 µm in diameter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)] monitoring data. We measured levels of fasting glucose and insulin and derived the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index to assess IR. Mixed-effect models were used to estimate associations between air pollutants and IR indices on the same day or lagged up to 10 days prior, and effect modification by GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes.Interquartile range increases in PM10, O3, and NO2 were significantly associated with IR indices, depending on the lag period. Associations were stronger among participants with a history of DM and among those with GSTM1-null, GSTT1-null, and GSTP1 AG or GG genotypes.Our results suggest that PM10, O3, and NO2 may increase IR in the elderly, and that GSTM1-null, GSTT1-null, and GSTP1 AG or GG genotypes may increase susceptibility to potential effects of ambient air pollutants on IR.
Diabetes, Impaired Fasting Glucose, and Elevated HbA1c in U.S. Adolescents: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Anne Fagot-Campagna, Jinan B. Saaddine, Katherine M. Flegal, Gloria L.A. Beckles
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Using population-based data, we estimated the prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and elevated HbA1c (>6%) levels in U.S. adolescents.The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) examined a representative sample of the U.S. population, which included 2,867 adolescents aged 12-19 years who had serum glucose measured.A total of 13 adolescents in the sample were considered to have diabetes; 9 reported using insulin, 2 reported using oral agents only, and 2 did not report any treatment but had high glucose levels (> or = 11.1 mmol/l regardless of length of fast or > or = 7.0 mmol/l after an 8-h fast). Four of these cases (31% of the sample with diabetes) were considered to have type 2 diabetes. The estimated prevalence of diabetes (all types) per 100 adolescents ages 12-19 years was 0.41% (95% confidence interval 0-0.86). The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (> or = 6.1 mmol/l) among adolescents without diabetes who had fasted for at least 8 h was 1.76% (0.02-3.50). The prevalence of elevated HbA1c (>6%) was 0.39% (0.04-0.74).National data reflect the presence of type 2 diabetes in U.S. adolescents, but the survey sample size was not large enough to obtain precise prevalence estimates because of the relatively low prevalence.
Predictive value of human papillomavirus type for histological diagnosis of women with cervical cytological abnormalities
Authors: M P M Burger, H Hollema, W J L M Pieters, W G V Quint
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Collisions between motor vehicles and child pedestrians are a leading cause of child deaths * This study showed a strong association between increasing risk of injury of child pedestrians and increasing traffic volume * High density of curb parking was also associated with greatly increased risk of injury * Transport policies that reduce traffic volumes in urban areas could substantially reduce rates of injury ofchild pedestrians * Restricting curb parking at crossing points may also be effective at reducing risk walking for shorter journeys.Children and their parents have traditionally been held responsible for the problem of child pedestrian safety.21Our results point to the responsibilities ofgovernment.
Action of Certain Drugs on Respiration
Authors: G. Liljestrand
Journal: BMJ (1951)

The close affinity between physiology and pharmacology means that progress in one of these spheres often leads to advance in the other.In what follows an attempt is made to illustrate such interrelations in a special field and to show how the growth of our knowledge of the regulation of respiration during the past 25 years has enabled us to analyse more closely the action of different drugs on respiration.I hope I will be pardoned if I dwell mainly on studies in which I have myself been engaged.
PLEXIFORM NEUROFIBROMA (VON RECKLINGHAUSEN'S DISEASE) INVADING THE ORAL CAVITY
Authors: Hayes Martin
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our purpose in this report is to record 2 cases of bulky plexiform neurofibroma involving the oral cavity and occurring as part of generalized neurofibromatous (von Recklinghausen's) disease. The neurofibromatous tumors which constitute the main characteristic of this disease occur most often in the subcutaneous tissues, and we have been unable to find any report in the literature of bulky intraoral involvement. Small isolated fibromas, probably representing the end stage in the organization of pyogenic granulomas, are common in the oral cavity, especially in the mucosa of the cheeks and the tip of the tongue, and should not be confused with these bulky lesions which have a different causation. Of the 2 cases reported here, the intraoral growth in 1 has remained benign and is only slowly increasing in size. In the other case, the neurofibromatous invasion of the pharyngeal wall and the tongue was associated with a neurogenic sarcoma
Giant diaphragmatic hernia with intrathoracic gastric volvulus
Authors: C.-C. Chiu, W. Wang, P.-L. Wei, W.-J. Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

The traditional surgical management of gastric volvulus consists of laparotomy with gastric detorsion and fixation, and diaphragmatic hernia repair. We report here an 83-year-old patient whose gastric volvulus occurred through a giant diaphragmatic defect (Figure [1]), who presented with a 1-week history of abdominal pain, distension, vomiting, and dysphagia. At surgery, the gastroesophageal junction, the fundus and distal half of the stomach, and the omentum were found in the thorax, and an intrathoracic organoaxial gastric volvulus through a hiatal hernia was diagnosed (Figure [2]). We proceeded to laparoscopic herniated organ reduction, excision of the hernial sac, mobilization of the fundus, crural repair, and a Nissen fundoplication and gastropexy. The patient was well and had no hernia recurrence at 1-year follow-up (Figure [3]).
Innovation in healthcare: Finalists reflect a wealth of potential
Authors: L. Dillner
Journal: BMJ (2011)

It started with Hippocrates in the 5th century BC coming up with the idea that medicine should be practised through observation and reasoning. It hasn’t stopped since. Over the centuries the scale of medical innovation, in thinking and technological advances, has been extraordinary. From Zacharias Janssen, a lens grinder from the Netherlands who invented the microscope in 1590, to William Harvey explaining the circulatory system in 1628, to the human genome project that started sequencing chromosomes in 1999, the breadth of medical innovation has been remarkable and uplifting.

If you are involved in healthcare it’s only natural to want to innovate—to have ideas about how you might improve things for patients. So it’s not surprising that the innovation in healthcare category had so many entries—close to 100, which varied from preliminary studies on brain surgery to mobile applications to improve mental health. These entries came from all over the world.

Our three finalists are startlingly different. They include a paediatric team from India that is reducing infant deaths by using expanded polystyrene foam boxes; a website and mentoring service to support pregnant teenagers; and a centralised ophthalmic electronic referral unit that reduces …
The Jugular Venous Pulse and Third Heart Sound in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Joseph K. Perloff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

In my recent book on the cardiovascular physical examination, Braunwald wrote, “Intelligent selection of investigative procedures from the ever-increasing array of tests now available requires far more sophisticated decision-making than was necessary when the choices were limited to electrocardiography and chest roentgenography. The clinical examination provides the critical information necessary for most of these decisions.”1 The article by Drazner et al.2 in this issue of the Journal is a step in the right direction and will help refocus attention on proper technique for the bedside examination of the heart and circulation.In 1867, Potain described the wave forms of the . . .
Recognition and management of psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: T. Kendall, C. Hollis, M. Stafford, C. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Psychosis, including schizophrenia, comprises a major group of psychiatric disorders characterised by hallucinations and/or delusions (psychotic symptoms) that alter perception, thoughts, affect, and behaviour, and which can considerably impair a child or young person’s development, relationships, and physical health. Schizophrenia is estimated to affect 1.6 to 1.9 per 100 000 in the child population,1 2 with prevalence increasing rapidly from age 14.3 Psychosis and schizophrenia in children (age 12 years and under) and young people (up to age 17 years) are leading causes of disability4 and are more severe and have worse prognosis than if onset is in adulthood, owing to disruption to social and cognitive development. Young people with schizophrenia tend to have a shorter life expectancy than the general population, largely because of suicide, injury, or cardiovascular disease,5 the last partly from antipsychotic medication. Children and young people with transient or attenuated psychotic symptoms are at increased risk of developing psychosis or schizophrenia,6 and delayed treatment can impair longer term outcomes,7 making early recognition and intervention crucial.

This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guideline on psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people.8

NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of the best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group’s experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. 

### General principles of care

Health and social care professionals working with children and young people with psychosis or schizophrenia should be trained and competent to work with children and young people with mental health problems of all levels of learning ability, cognitive capacity, emotional maturity, and development. [ Based on the …
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine backs greater transparency in clinical trials
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Members of the UK Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine have expressed backing for greater transparency in clinical trials in their first survey on the topic.1 They showed clear support for registration of all clinical trials, earlier publication of the summary results, and increased access to trial data.

Last year the charity Sense About Science, The BMJ , and other supporters of transparency in research established the AllTrials initiative (alltrials.net), which calls for registration of all clinical trials and for full study results and reports to be made publicly available.2 Earlier this year members of the …
Development and Structure of the Cardiovascular System
Authors: John E. Craighead
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This monograph brings together 15 chapters selected from the recently published<i>Cardiology: An Encyclopedia of the Cardiovascular System</i>. It presents detailed but concise discussions of the embryology, histology, and gross anatomy of the circulatory system. The 11 contributors are authorities in their respective fields, and the caliber throughout the book is scholarly. Although emphasis is on structure, function is not ignored. Here can be found a morphological description of the heart and great vessels which is comprehensive in every respect. Of note are discussions of normal anatomical variation, the azygos and lumbar veins, pulmonary vasculature, and hepatic circulation. There are good sections on cardiovascular histology, the glomerulus, and functional anatomy of the microcirculation. The scope of the book is rounded out by an interesting review of the circulatory systems of lower vertebrates. This monograph suffers somewhat from a lack of direction and balance. Repetition of material is occasionally annoying, particularly
Fiona Margaret Wilson
Authors: William Fraser, Ian Airlie, Olly Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Epidemiologist who showed that smoking caused cancer and heart disease Sir Richard Doll was the world's most distinguished medical epidemiologist.He established his reputation alongside Sir Austin Bradford Hill, showing that cigarette smoking caused lung cancer.He then went on to show it caused bladder and other cancers, and cardiovascular disease.He did seminal work with Richard Peto on the health of doctors and their families, demonstrating an increased incidence of suicide and liver disease.He also carried out major research on the risks and benefits of the contraceptive pill, on low level radiation, and the dietary treatment of gastric ulcers.Doll went to work with Bradford Hill at the Medical Research Council in January 1948.Government statisticians had drawn the MRC's attention to a huge recent increase in lung cancer deaths, and the MRC held a conference to decide whether the increase was real and, if so, whether a cause could be identified.
Physician's Guide to the Internet
Authors: M. Pallen
Journal: Gut (1997)

Book reviews, Notes antigen processing, epithelial cells, T cells, inflammation, infection, and vaccines, and they are all good and up to date.I would advise all those interested in mucosal immu- nology to buy this book.It is reasonably priced, an excellent source of information for experts and a good introduction for those trying to get into the field.NEWBIE.HTML); using the sites listed there, you will quickly learn how to fish and to surf the Internet's rich oceans of medical knowledge.
Case 12-1968
Authors: Irving P. Ackerman, Richard B. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Presentation of CaseA forty-year-old Negro woman was admitted to the hospital because of fever and weight loss.During the previous few months she had lost 23 pounds in weight but remained asymptomatic.Seven weeks before admission she fell, and subsequently she experienced pain along the left costal margin, with dyspnea on exertion. X-ray films of the ribs showed no fracture; a diffuse nodular pattern was evident in the visualized portion of the left lung. On examination one month before entry x-ray films of the chest (Fig. 1 and 2) revealed that the lungs were homogeneously studded with multiple nodules ranging . . .
Vitamin C may enhance healing of caustic corneal burns
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Patients A. atients are being recruited for a three-year, 12-center, National Eye Institute-supported clinical trial of vitamin C in treating severe, caustic eye burns. Volunteers will be randomized into groups treated either with ascorbic acid or with a placebo, according to Roswell R. Pfister, MD, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham. Pfister, professor and chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology, told a Research to Prevent Blindness seminar in Los Angeles, however, that "it must be understood that the severity of this kind of burn precludes any chance of the cornea's becoming clear, no matter what the treatment." Such burns result most often from industrial and farming mishaps, accidents in the home, hobby activities or, unfortunately, "as a means of social—often family—retribution," said Pfister. "The majority are mild or moderate, healing slowly but without complications. Only a small proportion are severe, but management of these is incredibly difficult; ulceration and
Host-Associated Speciation in a Coral-Inhabiting Barnacle
Authors: O. Mokady, I. Brickner
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Host specificity of symbionts is considered an important factor associated with sympatric speciation. Here, we examine host specificity and the degree of host-associated speciation in the barnacle Savignium milleporum, an obligate symbiont of the hydrocoral Millepora (the “fire coral”). Little morphological variability was revealed between barnacles collected from two morphs of the hydrocoral Millepora dichotoma (encrusting or branching) or from its congener Millepora platyphylla, but a molecular analysis revealed an unexpected pattern of DNA sequence divergence. The sequences of the 12S mitochondrial rDNA were nearly identical within each of the three barnacle populations (average sequence divergence <1%), and the sequences obtained for barnacles collected from the two different morphs of M. dichotoma differed considerably (ca. 9% average sequence divergence). However, S. milleporum collected from M. platyphylla were nearly identical to the barnacles from the branching M. dichotoma (<0.5% average sequence divergence). The pattern of speciation demonstrated by Savignium barnacles indicates the gradual colonization of similar hosts (i.e., sequential evolution), rather then “casual” colonization, as indicated for other systems. If this is indeed so, then symbiont phylogeny should roughly correlate with host phylogeny. Additionally, the data support the “rendezvous host” hypothesis, which invokes the opportunity of both sexes to meet as a major component for which selection favors the costly habit of host specificity.
Anaphylaxis following Administration of Tetanus Toxoid
Authors: H. E. Whittingham
Journal: BMJ (1940)

formation are stressed.The bacteriological findings are summarized.The main features of the acute, recurrent, and chronic forms are described.The largest group is the recurrent one, with some overlap of the other groups into this.The acute cases never pursue as fulminating a course as do some of the Staph.aureuis ones.In the reCurrent group the exacerbations tend to be more acute and more severe than those in the Strep.viriidants cases, and at times pass unexpectedly on to suppuration within the gland and marked constitutional distuLrbance.SLIppuration and fistula formation are the only likely complications.In the recurrent cases the parotid saliva is characteristically profuse and tenacioLls, and contains pus and a large amount of muCus.The sialographic changes are described in the reCLulrrent cases and are usually grosser in type than in the Step.viriiida(nts cases.The various lines of treatment are outlined.The main differences between recurrent parotitis due to the pneumo- coccus and that due to the Strep.viridans are suLmmarized.Prognosis in all cases is good as to life.In the acute group fulminating cases do not occuLr, and although recovery is the rule the condition may pass into the recur- rent phase.In the recurrent group the exacerbations at times tend to be severe, and there is always a considerable element of uncertainty as to the development of suppura- tion.On the basis of the evidence presented it is suLggested that the natural history of pneumococcal parotitis possesses many characteristics which distinguish it from the other common forms of pyogenic parotitis.
BURSTING RUPTURE OF THE STOMACH OF EXTRAORDINARY EXTENT
Authors: John D. Singley
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The patient became frightened, and did not return.T wrote her lo call on me, anil she did so on Jan.31, 1013.At this time she stated that she had had a number of attacks of lumbar pain since 1 Saw her last, and one quite recently.CystOSCOpy showed two stones almost the size of pigeon's eggs free in the bladder.The orifice of the right ureter was about the size of a lead-pencil.The muss that had appeared like a