tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cord-like aortic valve vegetation in bacterial endocarditis. Demonstration by cardiac ultrasonography. Report of a case.
Authors: J Yoshikawa, K Tanaka, T Owaki, H Kato
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The ultrasonic features in a case of bacterial endocarditis in which a highly mobile, cord-like vegetation, attached to the noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve, are reported. The echocardiogram demonstrated abnormal echo patterns in the left ventricular outflow tract in diastrole which were continuous with similar echoes in the aortic root. While these findings did not differ from the previously reported manifestations in cases of flailing aortic valve leaflets, the cardiac ultrasonogram distinguished this vegetative growth. Cardiac ultrasonography revealed a cord-like characteristic, showed the movement of the entire growth into the left ventricular outflow tract in diastole and into the aorta in systole, and allowed estimation of the size of the vegetation. We conclude that cardiac ultrasonography can help in differentiating aortic valve leaflet flail and vegetations in endocarditis.
Koch Institute was extensively involved in "violent policies" of Nazi government, study finds
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Four studies of the dark side of Germany’s medical profession during the Nazi era have been selected as winners in a research competition cosponsored by the German Medical Association and the German Health Ministry.

One of the winning studies focuses on the Robert Koch Institute, whose role in Germany today is similar to that of the Centers for Disease Control in the United States. As recently as the early 1990s the institute had downplayed its role in Nazi crimes, saying that only a handful of Koch staff members participated.

The paper, by Annette Hinz-Wessels of the Institute for the History of Medicine at Berlin’s Charite medical school, showed that the Robert Koch Institute, as a central agency for health matters, was extensively …
Lovastatin Induces Fibroblast Apoptosis<i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i>
Authors: ANNIE TAN, HÉLÈNE LEVREY, CORNELIA DAHM, VITALY A. POLUNOVSKY, JEFFREY RUBINS, PETER B. BITTERMAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Diseases associated with pathological fibroproliferation represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance of this class of disorders, current therapy is of limited value, and no therapy is available to reduce the fibroblast population size within existing fibrotic lesions. In this regard, constitutive expression of growth-promoting genes can sensitize cells to undergo apoptosis. Studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that lovastatin potently induces apoptosis in fibroblasts constitutively expressing Myc, and that lung fibroblasts isolated from fibrotic lesions constitutively express growth-promoting genes. In this study, we sought to determine if nontransformed lung fibroblasts would manifest susceptibility to lovastatin-induced apoptosis similar to that observed in fibroblasts ectopically expressing Myc. Here we show that clinically achievable concentrations of lovastatin induce apoptosis in normal and fibrotic lung fibroblasts in vitro, as evidenced by acridine orange staining, terminal transferase nick end translation (TUNEL), and DNA laddering. Apoptosis of human lung fibroblasts was dose- and time-dependent, and blocked by exogenous mevalonic acid. Furthermore, apoptosis was associated with decreased levels of mature Ras, a molecule directly implicated in fibroblast rescue from apoptosis. The ability of lovastatin to induce fibroblast apoptosis in vivo was examined using a guinea pig wound chamber model. Lovastatin (5 microM, 8 d) reduced granulation tissue formation in the wound chambers by 64.7%, with associated ultrastructural evidence of fibroblast apoptosis. These findings support further study of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors as potential therapy for patients with fibroproliferative disorders.
Hip Disarticulation in a Patient With Hemophilia
Authors: James A. Albright, Wayne O. Southwick, Joseph R. Bove
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THERE ARE few examples in the literature of major amputations, either elective or nonelective, in hemophiliac patients.1-3Even with adequate hematologic facilities, elective surgery has generally been thought unwise, although sometimes possible.' The most important part of the surgical management is adequate hematologic supervision of the patient, whatever the indication for surgery. To our knowledge, the following case is the second published report of hip disarticulation in a hemophiliac with survival.4    Report of a Case  A 37-year-old white male with classical hemophilia (factor VIII or antihemophilic factor deficiency) was admitted to the Grace-New Haven Community Hospital, Sept 2, 1962, with osteomyelitis involving the entire right femur, secondary to a supracondylar fracture suffered 11 months previously. A large draining ulcer was present just above the knee and there were numerous draining sinuses in the upper thigh and groin.  An average of 700 ml of fresh-frozen plasma per week had
Preliminary report: Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein genotype and serum levels are associated with serum lipids
Authors: Louise E. Olofsson, Bob Olsson, Theodore Lystig, Peter Jacobson, Margareta Jernås, Kajsa Sjöholm, Anders Gummesson, Lars Sjöström, Per Eriksson, Anders Hamsten, Laura P. Hale, Dag S. Thelle, Björn Carlsson, Lena M.S. Carlsson
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Abstract 1706: Impact of PARP1 on AR signaling and therapeutic response in prostate cancer
Authors: Matthew J. Schiewer, Jonathan Goodwin, Karen E. Knudsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) modifies various nuclear proteins by poly (ADP-ribose)-ylation, and has a known role in a multitude of chromatin-associated functions, including: transcriptional coregulation, modification of chromatin structure, regulation of insulators, and well-established activities in DNA repair. With regard to nuclear receptors, PARP1 promotes recruitment of topoisomerase IIβ (TopoIIβ) to estrogen-regulated promoters, leading to promoter DNA cleavage, factor exchange, and transcriptional activation. However, PARP1 function is known to be context dependent. Here, the impact of PARP1 on AR signaling was assessed under conditions of prostate cancer relevance. As will be discussed, key preliminary data strongly suggest that PARP1 function is critical for the pro-tumorigenic functions of AR. First, pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity potently suppressed ligand-dependent AR transcriptional activity on target genes of clinical relevance. Second, the mechanism of PARP1-mediated AR regulation appears to be manifest at the level of chromatin, as inhibition of PARP1 failed to alter AR levels. This posit was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to delineate the impact on AR signaling. Third, it was shown that suppression of PARP1 specifically inhibited AR-dependent prostate cancer cell proliferation in both early stage and late stage (castrate-resistant) models of disease. Lastly, it was observed that PARP1 inhibition cooperates with currently used genotoxic therapeutic modalities (IR and Docetaxel) in reducing cell survival, dependent on treatment scheduling. In sum, our data identify PARP1 as a critical effector of AR activity at the level of chromatin, and suggest that abrogation of PARP1 function may cooperate with existing therapeutics to improve the response to therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1706.
The Influence of Experimentally Induced Atherosclerosis on the Sulfate Content of the Aortic Wall
Authors: DONALD T. FORMAN, D. S. McCANN, R. E. MOSHER, A. J. BOYLE
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

By autoradiography it has been demonstrated that parenterally administered S 35 as sulfate is localized in the area of arterial plaque formation in rabbits with induced atherosclerosis. Dialysis of such tissue, after fat extraction to rid the tissue of inorganic sulfate, shows a much larger amount of sulfate remaining in the aortas of diseased animals as compared to controls suggesting that it is in combination with the mucopolysaccharides of the artery.
THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: ALEXANDER B. GUTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Excessive parathyroid secretion, such as occurs with parathyroid adenomas, causes a drain of lime salts from the body resulting in skeletal changes classified as Recklinghausen's disease or generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica. The negative calcium and phosphorus balance is commonly associated with hypercalcuria, hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia and with skeletal, renal and gastro-intestinal symptoms that together constitute the classic form of hyperparathyroidism. The differentiation of this disease from others involving the bones is important because surgical removal of parathyroid adenomas is usually followed by extraordinary improvement if carried out before advanced skeletal deformities or renal impairment preclude complete restitution of the patient. The differential diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism may be difficult, however. The onset of the disease is usually insidious, the early manifestations are extremely varied, aberrations from the classic picture are common and the most characteristic features may be closely simulated by other diseases involving the bones.  In this study, the problems
GSK promises to cap price of its drugs in poorest countries
Authors: A. Jack
Journal: BMJ (2009)

GlaxoSmithKline, the United Kingdom based pharmaceutical group, has unveiled a series of policies to boost access to its drugs in poorer and richer countries alike (www.gsk.com/media/Witty-Harvard-Speech-Summary.pdf).

In a speech at Harvard Medical School last week, Andrew Witty laid out his approach for the first time since taking over as the company’s chief executive last spring, saying: “Society expects us to do more . . . To be frank, I agree. We have the capacity to do more and we can do more.”

Last May Mr Witty replaced Jean-Pierre Garnier, who had already earned plaudits for strengthening GSK’s commitment to making drugs affordable ( BMJ 2008;336:1396 doi:10.1136/bmj.a397), after criticism at the start of the decade …
Protective effect of B464, a lipid A analog, on endotoxin-induced cellular responses and acute lung injury.
Authors: K Soejima, A Ishizaka, T Urano, K Sayama, F Sakamaki, H Nakamura, T Terashima, Y Waki, S Tasaka, S Fujishima, T Kawata, W J Christ, M Kanazawa
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

B464 is a novel synthetic analog of lipid A, a toxic component of endotoxin (LPS; lipopolysaccharide). We investigated the effects of B464 on both LPS-induced cellular responses in vitro and acute lung injury in vivo. In the in vitro study, B464 inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production from human monocytes, priming and stiffening of neutrophils, and expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells induced by LPS. We then studied the effects of B464 pretreatment on acute lung injury elicited by intravenous LPS administration in vivo. Guinea pigs were divided into saline control, B464 alone, LPS alone, and LPS + B464 groups. Animals were observed for 4 h after LPS administration, and lung injury was evaluated by extravascular lung water, 125I-albumin leakage in lung tissue, and lung neutrophil accumulation. In the LPS alone group, rapid and sustained peripheral neutropenia (p < 0.001 versus saline at 15 min and at 1, 2, and 4 h), an increased plasma TNF-alpha concentration (p < 0.005 at 1 h), and increases in lung injury parameters (p < 0.05) were observed. In the LPS + B464 group, no changes were observed in either plasma TNF-alpha or lung injury parameters. Transient peripheral neutropenia and subsequent rapid recovery (p > 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, and p > 0.05 at 15 min and 1, 2, and 4 h, respectively) were observed in the LPS + B464 group. These in vivo data, together with in vitro evidence of suppressed cellular responses, suggest that B464 (1) inhibits neutrophil accumulation in lung tissue, and (2) attenuates the development of acute lung injury by blocking the activation of neutrophils and mononuclear cells as well as the interaction between neutrophils and endothelial cells.
Epidermal antigens in pemphigus vegetans. Report of a case
Authors: AURORA PARODI, J.R. STANLEY*, MARINA CIACCIO, A. REBORA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

A patient is described who had typical pemphigus vegetans, according to clinical, histopathological and immunofluorescence criteria. To determine the specific molecules bound by antibodies in the serum of this patient, an immunoprecipitation analysis was performed with extracts of [14C]-amino acid labelled cultured normal human keratinocytes. The patient's serum precipitated the 130 kd and 85 kd polypeptidcs of the pemphigus vulgaris antigen, but also precipitated other polypeptides, the significance of which is not clear.
Antiarrhythmic efficacy and hemodynamic effects of cibenzoline in patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and left ventricular dysfunction.
Authors: A A Seals, R Haider, C Leon, M Francis, J B Young, R Roberts, C M Pratt
Journal: Circulation (1987)

This was a prospective single-blind, placebo-controlled study of cibenzoline in 21 patients with five or more runs of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) and left ventricular dysfunction (mean left ventricular ejection fraction 36 +/- 24%). Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring revealed a baseline of 616 +/- 431 runs of VT/day on placebo. Of the 18 patients tolerating the drug, 14 (77%) patients initially had a 75% or greater reduction in VT (177 +/- 164 runs of VT/day, p less than .05). A repeat ambulatory electrocardiogram documented long-term suppression of VT in 13 of 14 patients at 1 month (2.1 +/- 1.3 runs VT/day, p less than .01), in 10 of 14 patients at 3 months (2.5 +/- 1.9 runs VT/day, p less than .01), and in nine of 14 patients at 6 months (1.5 +/- 0.8 runs VT/day, p less than .01). Aggravation of arrhythmia or drug failure was seen in four of 18 (22%) patients (new onset of sudden cardiac death, two patients; sustained VT, two patients). Hemodynamic measurements were obtained with the use of right heart catheterization in patients at rest and exercising during the placebo phase and after 60 hr of oral cibenzoline. Group hemodynamic variables, both measured and derived, showed no detrimental effect of cibenzoline. However, in three of 21 patients (mean ejection fraction 21%), cibenzoline was discontinued due to severe depression of left ventricular function. Caution is recommended in the use of cibenzoline in patients with left ventricular ejection fractions of less than 25%.
Side effects of colaspase.
Authors: G Summerfield, D Swirsky
Journal: BMJ (1978)

screening for amoebiasis in patients from endemic areas who may require systemic therapy with corticosteroids.The difficulties in screening such patients, especially those who are asymptomatic, have been emphasised recently.'This man's serology was positive for E histolytica just four days after the onset of symptoms of perforation, implying an immune response which antedated the acute event.We therefore suggest that screening of both faeces and blood-for evidence of amoebiasis is desirable in this group of patients.
442 SELECTIVE INACTIVATION OF NF-κB IN THE LIVER USING NF-KB DECOY SUPPRESSES HEPATIC ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY IN MICE
Authors: K. Suzumura, T. Hirano, G. Son, Y. Iimuro, Y. Iiboshi, K. Oh, M. Satake, J. Fujimoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Hypoglycaemia in Metastatic Fibrosarcoma of the Liver
Authors: G. A. Bousvaros
Journal: BMJ (1960)

GERIATRIC SURGICAL EMERGENCY BxrICH surgery, precipitously arranged at inconvenient hours, would add much to the patients' prospect of recovery. Vascular LesionsThese cases are included in the interest of completeness.Of the 10 patients, four had major limb gangrene on admission, and all died.with or without amputation, one had mesenteric occlusion, and three had leaking aortic aneurysms, and all died.The only survivors were two patients who underwent local amputation of gangrenous toes.Miscellaneous This group allows no useful analysis, as it contains such varied conditions as bleeding colonic neoplasms, polyposis of the ileum.and a wide variety of abscesses, the total of 17 cases including nine operations with four deaths and an overall mortality of 53%.
Generation of a Hypomorphic Model of Propionic Acidemia Amenable to Gene Therapy Testing
Authors: Adam J Guenzel, Sean E Hofherr, Matthew Hillestad, Mary Barry, Eric Weaver, Sarah Venezia, Jan P Kraus, Dietrich Matern, Michael A Barry
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Propionic acidemia (PA) is a recessive genetic disease that results in an inability to metabolize certain amino acids and odd-chain fatty acids. Current treatment involves restricting consumption of these substrates or liver transplantation. Deletion of the Pcca gene in mice mimics the most severe forms of the human disease. Pcca(-) mice die within 36 hours of birth, making it difficult to test intravenous systemic therapies in them. We generated an adult hypomorphic model of PA in Pcca(-) mice using a transgene bearing an A138T mutant of the human PCCA protein. Pcca(-/-)(A138T) mice have 2% of wild-type PCC activity, survive to adulthood, and have elevations in propionyl-carnitine, methylcitrate, glycine, alanine, lysine, ammonia, and markers associated with cardiomyopathy similar to those in patients with PA. This adult model allowed gene therapy testing by intravenous injection with adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) and adeno-associated virus 2/8 (AAV8) vectors. Ad5-mediated more rapid increases in PCCA protein and propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) activity in the liver than AAV8 and both vectors reduced propionylcarnitine and methylcitrate levels. Phenotypic correction was transient with first generation Ad whereas AAV8-mediated long-lasting effects. These data suggest that this PA model may be a useful platform for optimizing systemic intravenous therapies for PA.
Cardiovascular effects of periodic obstructive and central apneas in dogs.
Authors: A Tarasiuk, S M Scharf
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Patients with sleep apnea may experience two types of apnea, central and obstructive. We compared cardiovascular effects of these two types of apnea matched for changes in arterial blood gas tensions and periodicity. In 12 anesthetized, closed chest dogs, obstructive apneas were induced by completely occluding the endotracheal tube at end-expiration for 1 min and allowing 1 min of spontaneous ventilation. Central apneas were produced by paralyzing and mechanically ventilating the animals, then turning the ventilator off and on with the same periodicity as obstructive apneas. During both types of apnea, changes in arterial PO2 and PCO2 were approximately the same. During obstructive apneas, mean blood pressure (BP) and cardiac output (CO) did not change significantly, heart rate (HR) decreased by 27% (p < 0.001), and stroke volume increased by 7.8 ml (p < 0.005). During central apnea, BP did not change, but HR and CO decreased by far more than with obstructive apneas: 44% (p < 0.001) and 27% (p < 0.05) respectively, and stroke volume increased by 5.0 ml (p < 0.05). During obstructive apneas, right atrial pressure increased, as did right heart blood volume. During central apneas, both right atrial pressure and left atrial pressure increased, as did pulmonary blood volume. We conclude that: (1) HR decreases are more severe during central apnea, most likely due to lack of respiratory mechanoreceptor input; (2) CO decreases more with central compared with obstructive apnea due to the heart rate response; (3) HR-induced cardiac dysfunction with central apnea could lead to pulmonary vascular congestion.
Clustering of Multiple Healthy Lifestyle Habits and Health-Related Quality of Life Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Chaoyang Li, Earl S. Ford, Ali H. Mokdad, Ruth Jiles, Wayne H. Giles
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE— We sought to examine the association between clustering of multiple healthy lifestyle habits (HLHs) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We analyzed the representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population aged ≥18 years with diabetes using data from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 16,428). Four HRQOL measures were general health rating, physically unhealthy days, mentally unhealthy days, and impaired activity days. Three HLHs included not smoking, engaging in adequate leisure time physical activity, and consuming five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day. RESULTS— The proportion of having 0, 1, 2, and 3 HLHs was 10.5, 44.7, 32.9, and 11.9%, respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence rates of poor or fair health, ≥14 physically unhealthy days, ≥14 mentally unhealthy days, and ≥14 impaired activity days were 43.07, 27.61, 17.22, and 18.87%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders and comparison with none of the three HLHs, people with all three HLHs were less likely to report poor or fair health (adjusted odds ratio 0.49 [95% CI 0.33–0.71]), ≥14 physically unhealthy days (0.56 [0.39–0.80]), ≥14 mentally unhealthy days (0.35 [0.23–0.55]), or ≥14 impaired activity days (0.35 [0.23–0.56]). CONCLUSIONS— Accumulation of multiple HLHs was significantly associated with better HRQOL among people with diabetes.
Surgery in Acute Hepatitis
Authors: Donald D. Harville
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The findings in 58 patients with acute viral (42) or drug (16) hepatitis who underwent laparotomy were reviewed to determine the effects of operation on mortality and morbidity in acute hepatitis and the reasons why operation had been advised. In most cases, operation had been advised because of suspected extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Four patients with viral hepatitis died; nonfatal major complications occurred in five others. No deaths or serious complications occurred in patients with drug hepatitis. Misleading factors that contribute to an erroneous diagnosis are emphasized.
Polymorphisms of the CETP, ABC, MTHFR, LPL, and PAI-1 genes predict intermediate endpoints but not angiographic coronary disease: Implications for genetic research
Authors: Benjamin D. Horne, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Bryant M. Whiting, Tami L. Bair, Robert R. Pearson, John F. Carlquist
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Is there a relationship between lupus erythematosus and lichen planus?
Authors: M.G. DAVIES, A. GORKIEWICZ, A. KNIGHT, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Three patients showing features of both lupus erythematosus and lichen planus are described together with their histological, immunofluorescence and other investigative findings. The similarities between lupus erythematosus and lichen planus are discussed and it is suggested that these may be the result of common pathophysiological pathways.
Phenazepam is currently being misused in the UK
Authors: P. D. Maskell, G. D. Paoli, L. N. Seetohul, D. J. Pounder
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Phenazepam is a benzodiazepine not currently controlled in the United Kingdom, mainland Europe, or the United States.Developed in the 1970s for the treatment of epilepsy, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, insomnia, and anxiety, 1 2 it is currently prescribed only in the former Soviet Bloc.