tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of circulating 25 hydroxyvitamin D in asthma: a systematic review
Authors: R. Cassim, M. A. Russell, C. J. Lodge, A. J. Lowe, J. J. Koplin, S. C. Dharmage
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Asthma is a major public health issue. The co-occurrence of the high prevalence of asthma and vitamin D deficiency documented globally in recent decades has prompted several investigations into a possible association between the two conditions. The objective of this paper was to synthesize the evidence from studies that have measured the association between serum vitamin D and asthma incidence, prevalence, severity and exacerbations. A systematic search of the literature was performed in PubMed, and the available evidence was summarized both qualitatively and by meta-analysis. Only English language, observational studies measuring serum levels of 25(OH)D as the exposure were included, as this is the most robust measure of vitamin D levels. The search identified 23 manuscripts: two case-control, 12 cohort and nine cross-sectional studies. Collectively, the evidence suggests that higher serum levels of 25(OH)D are associated with a reduced risk of asthma exacerbations, but there was little evidence to suggest an association with asthma incidence, prevalence or severity. A significant amount of heterogeneity between study methodology and results restricted the scope for meta-analysis. These results suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be effective for the prevention of asthma exacerbations, but the findings need to be confirmed by clinical trials.
CHEST DEPTH AS AN INDEX OF BODY WEIGHT
Authors: HORACE GRAY
Journal: JAMA (1923)

When a physician wishes to tell a person what his weight should be, he should measure not only the height (length of body frame) but obviously also some depth (width of bony frame). As to the place of measurement, one naturally thinks of the pelvis and thorax. The pelvis we have not considered. The chest girth we became inclined to discard,<sup>1</sup>and instead began to collect measurements of body weight and several chest diameters. The subjects for our new evidence were 100 candidates for the varsity football team remaining on the squad after the preliminary cut. As in our prior series, these men were of the usual college age group of from 18 to 22 years, all of better than average physique, and organically sound. The athletic character of this group may theoretically have to be considered in interpreting the observations. The technic is as follows: The weight was
On Addison's Disease and the Function of the Suprarenal Bodies
Authors: C. A. Macmunn
Journal: BMJ (1888)

T BRITlSH MEDICAZl JOURNAL 23 found to contain 39.6 milligrammes of iron per litre; this sample was examined for bile, and found to contain bile acids.The third sample was received on December 23rd, and was found to contain 10.34 milligrammes of iron per litre.These amounts, expressed in grains per ounce are as follows:1.-0.016grains of iron per ounce.I.-0.0173 ,, ,,III.-0.0045 , "No.III represents, it would appear, the normal amount of iron found in the ash of urine, wlhilst in Cases I and II the amounts are between three and four times this quantity."An examination of the blood shiowed a diminution in the number of red corpuscles; some appeared to be crescent-shaped, and many were below the average in size.In a cubic millimbtre there were 3,460,000 red and 6,600 white, or about 1 white to 520 red corpus- cles.There were no changes detected with the ophthalmoscope.For some weeks little or no alteration was apparent in his condition.He took food fairly well, and the bowels were opened regularly every day.The temperature and pulse maintained an even line of health, though as time wore on it was observed that the ther- mometer in the axilla seldom indicated more than 97.4°F. in the morning.The nervous symptoms gradually increased.The speech became less distinct, more drawling, and syllabic; the sight appeared to grow more and more dim; muscular power diminished generally, and inco-ordination increased, so that he found it im- possible to stand or walk alone.Ihis mental obliquity became more decided, and occasional attacks of excitement varied an otherwise monotonous state of helpless -apathy.The bilious coloration of the skin developed slowly, and the urine became darker, thoughl the aspect of tlhe patieiit was more one of profound antemia than jaundice.The note on February 12th, 1887-five months after his admis- sion to hospital, and some time after the diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver was definitely made-is as follows:
Canada’s drug advisory committee says emergency contraception should be available over the counter
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Canadian women are one step closer to being able to get the emergency contraceptive levonorgestrel over the counter without a prescription or counselling by a pharmacist.

Currently a woman in Canada who wishes to have levonorgestrel for emergency contraception can either seek a prescription from a doctor or buy it in a pharmacy after a consultation with a pharmacist. (Emergency contraception has “behind the counter” status, similar to “pharmacy only” status in the United Kingdom.)

Paladin Labs, a Canadian specialty drug company, applied for full over the counter status for …
Policies of Children’s Hospitals on Donation After Cardiac Death
Authors: Yorick J. de Groot
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Supplementation with vitamin D did not reduce cartilage volume loss or pain in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Jean-Yves Reginster, Franz Pelousse
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation McAlindon T, LaValley M, Schneider E, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on progression of knee pain and cartilage volume loss in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2013;309:155-62. 23299607
Absorption of glucose from urinary conduits in diabetics and non-diabetics.
Authors: K N Sridhar, C T Samuell, C R Woodhouse
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The ability of urinary conduits to absorb glucose was investigated. A solution containing 1% glucose and the inert marker phenol red was put into conduits in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Samples were withdrawn at intervals for analysis and the fall in concentrations plotted against time. The loops in the patients without diabetes did not absorb glucose, but glucose was absorbed in one of the three diabetics. Ileal loops in patients with diabetes may absorb urinary glucose. This should be checked in any diabetic with urinary diversion before advice is given on long term management. Routine testing of conduit urine for glucose may not be an adequate screen for diabetes in patients with urinary diversions.
Coronary Artery Spasm Does Not Depend on the Intracellular Calcium Store but Is Substantially Mediated by the Protein Kinase C–Mediated Pathway in a Swine Model With Interleukin-1β In Vivo
Authors: Toshiaki Kadokami, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Yoshihiro Fukumoto, Akira Ito, Tsuneo Takayanagi, Kensuke Egashira, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The intracellular mechanism for coronary artery spasm is still unknown. Since the protein kinase C (PKC)–mediated pathway and Ca 2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) are important intracellular mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle contraction, we examined the possible role of these two mechanisms in the pathogenesis of coronary spasm in our swine model in vivo. Methods and Results In 25 pigs, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was applied chronically to the coronary arteries from the adventitia to induce an inflammatory/proliferative lesion. Two weeks after the operation, either intracoronary serotonin or histamine repeatedly induced coronary spasm at the IL-1β–treated site. At those spastic sites, phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate, a PKC-activating phorbol ester, also induced coronary spasm, which was blocked by pretreatment with the PKC inhibitors staurosporine and sphingosine. Serotonin- and histamine-induced coronary spasm was also significantly inhibited by pretreatment with staurosporine, sphingosine, or nifedipine (an L-type Ca 2+ channel antagonist) but not by ryanodine (an inhibitor of Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release from SR) or thapsigargin (an inhibitor of Ca 2+ -ATPase of SR). Bay K 8644 (an L-type Ca 2+ channel agonist) also induced coronary spasm at the IL-1β–treated site, which was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with staurosporine, sphingosine, and nifedipine. In contrast, coronary vasoconstriction induced by prostaglandin F 2α was not affected by pretreatment with staurosporine or sphingosine but was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with ryanodine, thapsigargin, or nifedipine. Conclusions These results suggest that (1) PKC activation largely accounts for the serotonin- and histamine-induced coronary spasm; (2) at the spastic site, the calcium influx through L-type Ca 2+ channels may be augmented via the PKC-mediated pathway; and (3) the Ca 2+ release from the SR into the cytosol may not play a primary role in coronary spasm.
Palindromic rheumatism with rheumatoid nodules: a case report with ultrastructural studies.
Authors: S Schreiber, H.R Schumacher, P.V Cherian
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Rheumatoid nodules developed on the finger tips of a patient with palindromic rheumatism. The patient had no bone cysts or erosions and had no rheumatoid factor. A light microscopic and ultrastructural study of a nodule showed a necrotic centre with fibrin, collagen, and granular material surrounded by large histiocytes, fibrocytes, lymphocytes, and vessels with adjacent mast cells as has been seen with nodules in classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We describe the first immunoperoxidase studies on a rheumatoid nodule and have identified reaction products for immunoglobulins and C3 in perivascular and endothelial cell vacuoles and in the necrotic centre.
Platelet receptor-mediated factor X activation by factor IXa. High-affinity factor IXa receptors induced by factor VIII are deficient on platelets in Scott syndrome.
Authors: S S Ahmad, R Rawala-Sheikh, B Ashby, P N Walsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We have studied factor IXa binding and factor X activation with normal platelets and with platelets obtained from a patient with a bleeding disorder and an isolated deficiency of platelet procoagulant activity termed Scott syndrome. In the absence of factor VIIIa and factor X, normal, thrombin-treated platelets exposed 560 +/- 35 sites for factor IXa with a Kd of 2.75 +/- 0.27 mM, compared with 461 +/- 60 sites per patient platelet with Kd of 3.2 +/- 0.33 nM. The addition of factor VIIIa and factor X resulted in a decrease in the Kd for normal platelets to 0.68 nM but had no effect on the Kd for patient platelets. The concentrations of factor IXa required for half-maximal rates of factor X activation for normal (0.52 nM) and patient platelets (2.5 nM) were similar to those determined from equilibrium binding studies. Kinetic parameters for factor X activation by factor IXa showed that the Km and Kcat were identical for normal and patient platelets in the absence of factor VIIIa. In the presence of factor VIIIa, and kcat for patient platelets (163 min-1) was only 33% of that for normal platelets (491 min-1): This result can be explained by the difference in affinity for factor IXa between normal and patient platelets in the presence of factor VIIIa, suggesting impaired factor VIIIa binding to Scott syndrome platelets.
On Further Experiences of Dangers Connected with Respiration and their Avoidance: With Special Reference to Anaesthesia, Haemoptysis, Drowning, Apoplexy, and all Paralysed and Unconscious Conditions
Authors: R. L. Bowles
Journal: BMJ (1898)

Lastly, it will be the function of such an organisation to insist that special asylums for admittedly dying cases of tuberculosis among the poorer classes should be erected by the local authorities, in the interests both of the dying and the living, and that wisely-colnceived preventive measures be adopted by every community.
3A5, A BETTER ANTIBODY FOR ANTI-CEA TUMOR IMAGING
Authors: M B Cohen, C French, R R Lake, R E Saxton, L S Graham, L Yamada, G Ashok, S El Shami
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Cohen, M B; French, C; Lake, R R; Saxton, R E; Graham, L S; Yamada, L; Ashok, G; Shami, S El Author Information
Referring GMC decisions to the High Court
Authors: Ash Samanta, Jo Samanta
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Acquittal by the GMC is not necessarily an end to a doctor's case 

T he General Medical Council has recently come under serious scrutiny, especially after the publication of the report by Dame Janet Smith (see BMJ 1 Jan 2005, p 10). Among its many duties, the GMC also decides if a doctor is guilty of serious professional misconduct. However, acquittal by the GMC does not mean that the case cannot be referred to the High Court. In October 2004, the Court of Appeal ruled that a doctor who had been cleared of serious professional misconduct by the GMC could still be referred to the High Court by the regulatory watchdog, the Council for Healthcare Regulatory Excellence (CHRE). In one fell swoop, professional regulation has been radically and disturbingly transformed. Doctors now stand in double jeopardy.

Disciplinary tribunals against doctors (and other healthcare professionals) share commonalities with criminal law in terms of the required standard of proof (beyond reasonable doubt), and the procedure followed during a hearing. Furthermore, the prosecution has had “one bite at the cherry” to prove serious professional …
Controlling infection in British nursing homes
Authors: S. P Stone
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Public Health Laboratory Service recently published the first audit of infection control practice in nursing homes in the United Kingdom.1 It proposes 16 critical standards relevant to person to person spread of infection. It recommends that inspectors should adopt these standards to assure quality in infection control in nursing homes and link accreditation to compliance. The audit and the standards are both long overdue.

The 1993 Community Care Act resulted in a major shift of patients from NHS long stay hospital beds to private community based nursing homes.2 There are no surveillance or point prevalence studies in the UK, so the current position with respect to control and prevention of infections in UK nursing homes is unknown, though the medical and nursing resources to prevent and manage infection are thought not to have followed the patients into the community.3

In NHS long stay ward residents …
Abnormal Responses of the Systolic Time Intervals to Exercise in Patients with Angina Pectoris
Authors: JEAN M. POUGET, WILLARD S. HARRIS, BART R. MAYRON, JOHN P. NAUGHTON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The effects of a 4-min exercise on the duration of the systolic time intervals were determined in 20 patients with angina and 20 age-matched normal controls. The pre-ejection period was shortened 26 msec in normal subjects and 35 msec in angina patients. In normal subjects, total electromechanical systole corrected for heart rate (Q 2 2c ) decreased 24 msec, while the left ventricular ejection time corrected for heart rate (LVET c ) remained unchanged. In the angina group, by contrast, Q 2 2c failed to change, while LVET c lengthened 23 msec. The angina patients developed similar abnormalities, without pain, after 2 min of exercise. Changes in arterial pressure, cardiac output, and stroke volume failed to explain these systolic temporal abnormalities. Similar abnormalities occurred in 12 patients with primary myocardial disease and heart failure, but not in seven noncardiac patients with nonanginal chest pain. Owing to impaired left ventricular performance and increased afterload, mild exercise prolongs left ventricular ejection in patients with angina. This abnormal prolongation contributes to the development of angina and has value in its diagnosis.
Risks to Children From Computed Tomographic Scan Premedication
Authors: Allen A. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (1982)

We observed serious adverse reactions after premedication for computed tomographic (CT) head scans and therefore determined rates and risk factors for such reactions among 106 hospitalized children monitored by an intensive drug surveillance program. Reactions occurred in 13 patients (13%), including four cases of life-threatening cardiorespiratory depression or arrest after narcotic premedication. Other reactions included CNS depression, behavior changes, voiding problems, and vomiting. The risk of reaction was elevated in subjects who received high doses of a premedication drug (relative risk, 5.2) and in those who received four or more premedication drugs (relative risk, 3.7). All life-threatening reactions occurred among infants younger than 3 months, and two of these followed medication with only morphine sulfate, in the recommended dose. Risks of adverse reactions from premedication should be considered by physicians who order CT scans for hospitalized children. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2385-2388)
Non-invasive ventilation for exacerbations of respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: J A Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Background.In patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, noninvasive ventilation may be used in an attempt to avoid endotracheal intubation and complications associated with mechanical ventilation.Methods.We conducted a prospective, randomized study comparing noninvasive pressure-support ventilation delivered through a face mask with standard treatment in patients admitted to five intensive care units over a 15 month period.Results.A total of 85 patients were recruited from a larger group of 275 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to intensive care units in the same period.A total of 42 were randomly assigned to standard therapy and 43 to noninvasive ventilation.The two groups had similar clinical characteristics on admission to hospital.The use of noninvasive ventilation significantly reduced the need for endotracheal intubation (which was dictated by objective criteria): 11 of 43 patients (26 percent) in the noninvasive ventilation group were intubated, as compared with 31 of 42 (74 percent) in the standard treatment group (P<0 001).In addition the frequency of complications was significantly lower in the noninvasive ventilation group (16 percent vs 48 percent, P<0.001), and the mean (± SD) hospital stay was significantly shorter for patients receiving noninvasive ventilation (23+ 17 days vs 35 + 33 days, P= 0*005).The in- hospital mortality rate was also significantly reduced with noninvasive ventilation (4 of 43 patients, or 9 percent, in the noninvasive ventilation group died in the hospital, as compared with 12 of 42, or 29 percent, in the standard treatment group; P=0.02).Conclusions.In selected patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, noninvasive ventilation can reduce the need for endotracheal intubation, the length of the hospital stay, and the in-hospital mortality rate.
Beclamide in Intractable Epilepsy: a Controlled Trial
Authors: J. Wilson, J. N. Walton, D. J. Newell
Journal: BMJ (1959)

RAPlD DESTRUCTION OF RED CELLS Bcrr 1275 counts expected, if 100% of the injected 5"Cr-labelled red cells survived, could be predicted.A sample taken eight minutes after injection contained 99% of the expected number of 5"Cr-labelled cells; a sample taken 33 minutes after injection contained only 91%, while a sample taken at three hours contained 55%.A sample taken 22 hours after injection contained only 1% of cells (see Chart).The amount of radioactivity in the plasma was measured in all -samples, and the largest amount (representing 6.7% of the total, 5Cr injected) was found in the three-hour sample.On June 24 a sample of the patient's own cells was labelled with 5"Cr and reinjected to estimate the average life-span of the patient's own cells in her own circulation.The 61Cr-labelled cells were removed relatively slowly, and the average life-span was estimated to be 11 days (see Chart).Serological Findings The patient's full blood groups were determined by Dr. D. Parkin, of the Blood Groups Research Unit of the Lister Institute, as follows: 0, CcDE, N, S -, P +, Lu(a -b+), K-, k+, Le(a+b-), Fy(a+), Jk(a+b-), Vel+, Yt(a+).The donor, whose red cells were labelled with 5"Cr, had the following blood groups: 0, ccddEe, M, S-, P+, Lu(a-), K-, Le(a+b-), Fy(a+).Cells of this donor were tested with the patient's serum before they were injected, and were tested again on two subsequent occasions.No reaction of any kind could be demonstrated using the following tests: agglutination in saline; agglutination in albumin; agglutination of enzyme-treated cells; indirect antiglobulin <Coombs) test against untreated cells; and indirect antiglobulin test against enzyme-treated cells.In case the -serum was anticomplementary, the indirect antiglobulin test 'was carried out in two stages, the cells being first incubated with the patient's serum, then washed and resuspended in fresh serum from a normal donor before being finally washed and tested with the antiglobulin serum.Haemolysis could not be demonstrated with any of these -tests, either when human serum or when rabbit serum was used as a source of complement. (For the possible ,advantages of using rabbit serum as a source of complement in detecting human blood group antibodies, see P. L. Mollison and Ann R. Thomas,