tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of asbestosis by a time expanded wave form analysis, auscultation and high resolution computed tomography: a comparative study.
Authors: N al Jarad, B Strickland, G Bothamley, S Lock, R Logan-Sinclair, R M Rudd
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--Crackles are a prominent clinical feature of asbestosis and may be an early sign of the condition. Auscultation, however, is subjective and interexaminer disagreement is a problem. Computerised lung sound analysis can visualise, store, and analyse lung sounds and disagreement on the presence of crackles is minimal. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is superior to chest radiography in detecting early signs of asbestosis. The aim of this study was to compare clinical auscultation, time expanded wave form analysis (TEW), chest radiography, and HRCT in detecting signs of asbestosis in asbestos workers. METHODS--Fifty three asbestos workers (51 men and two women) were investigated. Chest radiography and HRCT were assessed by two independent readers for detection of interstitial opacities. HRCT was performed in the supine position with additional sections at the bases in the prone position. Auscultation for persistent fine inspiratory crackles was performed by two independent examiners unacquainted with the diagnosis. TEW analysis was obtained from a 33 second recording of lung sounds over the lung bases. TEW and auscultation were performed in a control group of 13 subjects who had a normal chest radiograph. There were 10 current smokers and three previous smokers. In asbestos workers the extent of pulmonary opacities on the chest radiograph was scored according to the International Labour Office (ILO) scale. Patients were divided into two groups: 21 patients in whom the chest radiograph was &gt; 1/0 (group 1) and 32 patients in whom the chest radiograph was scored &lt; or = 1/0 (group 2) on the ILO scale. RESULTS--In patients with an ILO score of &lt; or = 1/0 repetitive mid to late inspiratory crackles were detected by auscultation in seven (22%) patients and by TEW in 14 (44%). HRCT detected definite interstitial opacities in 11 (34%) and gravity dependent subpleural lines in two (6%) patients. All but two patients with evidence of interstitial disease or gravity dependent subpleural lines on HRCT had crackles detected by TEW. In patients with an ILO score of &gt; 1/0 auscultation and TEW revealed mid to late inspiratory crackles in all patients, whereas HRCT revealed gravity dependent subpleural lines in one patient and signs of definite interstitial fibrosis in the rest. In normal subjects crackles different from those detected in asbestosis were detected by TEW in three subjects but only in one subject by auscultation. These were early, fine inspiratory crackles. CONCLUSION--Mid to late inspiratory crackles in asbestos workers are detected by TEW more frequently than by auscultation. Signs of early asbestosis not apparent on the plain radiograph are detected by TEW and HRCT with similar frequency. off
Nutrition and Hydration for the Terminally III
Authors: R. Peter Mogielnicki
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study by Dr McCann and colleagues<sup>1</sup>provides much-needed data on whether starvation and dehydration contribute to or alleviate the suffering of terminally ill patients. Though not addressed in their discussion, the data they collected also contribute to another important debate in which the medical community is currently involved, namely, the appropriateness of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. Much of this debate turns on the assumption that death without "assistance" from a physician is likely to involve unnecessary suffering. Hence, both the lay public and the medical professional community have expressed a willingness to consider these two practices as public policy despite the many risks such a policy would engender.<sup>2</sup>Voluntary patient refusal of food and fluids has been offered as an equally effective but less ethical and pragmatically risky response to the problem of unbearable suffering under hopeless circumstances.<sup>3</sup>The finding by McCann et
Tanapox: A New Disease Caused by a Pox Virus
Authors: A. W. Downie, C. H. Taylor-Robinson, A. E. Caunt, G. S. Nelson, P. E. C. Manson-Bahr, T. C. H. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Two epidemics of a new virus disease, tanapox, occurred in 1957 and 1962 among the Wapakomo tribe along the Tana River in Kenya. Several hundred people were affected by a short febrile illness with headache and prostration and the disease was characterized by a single pock-like lesion on the upper part of the body. A pox virus, unrelated to the vaccinia-variola group, has been incriminated as the causative agent. The virus has a limited host range and has been grown only in human and monkey tissue cultures, and so far the only animals that have proved susceptible in the laboratory have been monkeys. The characteristic lesions have been reproduced in a human volunteer. Histopathological and electron microscopic studies indicate that the virus belongs to the pox group, but serological tests show that it differs from other animal pox viruses, including yabapox virus of monkeys. A similar if not identical pox virus has caused epidemics in primate colonies in the U.S.A. It is suggested that tanapox is a zoonosis and that the disease is transmitted from monkeys to man in Kenya.
Further studies on the relationship between platelet buoyant density and platelet age
Authors: B. Boneu, F. Vigoni, A. Boneu, C. Caranobe, P. Sie
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract The relationship between platelet buoyant density and platelet age was investigated in eight human subjects submitted to an autologous chromium labeled platelet survival study. Platelets were isolated after isopycnic centrifugation using either discontinuous isoosmotic stractan gradients (five subjects), or various continuous and linear isoosmolar gradients (three subjects). A paradoxical radioactivity enrichment of the dense platelets and a premature loss of radioactivity in the light platelets were observed. These results are explained by a shift of the radioactivity distribution curve toward higher densities during the 3–4 days after platelet injection, while the standard deviation of the distribution was conserved throughout the platelet life span. These results suggest that young platelets are heterogeneous and slightly less dense than the total platelet population.
Expression of the anaphylatoxin receptors C3aR and C5aR is increased in fatal asthma
Authors: Laura Fregonese, Fiona J. Swan, Annemarie van Schadewijk, Marisa Dolhnikoff, Mario A. Santos, Mohamed R. Daha, Jan Stolk, Thomas Tschernig, Peter J. Sterk, Pieter S. Hiemstra
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Mathematics and Computer Science in Biology and Medicine
Authors: Anthony F. Bartholomay
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The conference of which this book is the published proceedings represents in a sense a cooperative effort between Britain and the United States. Each article demonstrates some significant use of computers or of mathematical or statistical modeling, and the material is so arranged that the mathematical prerequisites for complete understanding increase progressively.  The first two sections concern data processing in hospitals, and record linkage in genetic and other researches. The reader with minimal mathematical background can obtain a good idea of the use of computers in tabulating and analyzing vast quantities of medical records data. The principal emphasis here is on the epidemiological significance of the linkage of two or more kinds of records.  Unless the reader is somewhat versed in statistics, probability, differential equations and beyond, he will find some of the later material rather difficult. Even so, his efforts will be amply rewarded, since the majority of the
Clinical Spectrum of Pseudomembranous Colitis
Authors: Richard C. Cammerer
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Five cases of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) provided the opportunity for observation of clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features, and evaluation of potential modes of therapy. Although PMC may occur postoperatively or concomitantly with staphylococcal infection, if most frequently occurs following the administration of a variety of antibiotics. Patients with this disorder often have chronic, debilitating diseases. The clinical course may vary from a self-limited diarrheal illness to a fatal process. Onset with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever is characteristic. Barium enema contrast findings are nonspecific. Proctoscopy usually permits an accurate diagnosis. In the typical case, multiple elevated nodules formed by cream-colored plaques of pseudomembrane are scattered about the inflamed mucosa. Biopsy of these nodular lesions will confirm the diagnosis. Therapy must be individualized.
Antibiotic Treatment of Adults With Infective Endocarditis Due to Streptococci, Enterococci, Staphylococci, and HACEK Microorganisms
Authors: Walter R. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To provide guidelines for the treatment of endocarditis in adults caused by the following microorganisms: viridans streptococci and other streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and fastidious gram-negative bacilli of the HACEK group. <h3>Participants.</h3> —An ad hoc writing group appointed by the American Heart Association under the auspices of the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. <h3>Evidence.</h3> —Published studies of the treatment of patients with endocarditis and the collective clinical experience of this group of experts. <h3>Consensus Process.</h3> —The recommendations were formulated during meetings of the working group and were prepared by a writing committee after the group had agreed on the specific therapeutic regimens. The consensus statement was subsequently reviewed by standing committees of the American Heart Association and by a group of experts not affiliated with the working group. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Sufficient evidence has been published that recommendations regarding treatment of the most common microbiological causes of endocarditis (viridans streptococci, enterococci,<i>Streptococcus bovis</i>, staphylococci, and the HACEK organisms) are justified. There are insufficient published data to make a strong statement regarding the efficacy of specific therapeutic regimens for cases of endocarditis due to microorganisms that uncommonly cause endocarditis. As a useful aid to the practicing clinician, the writing group developed a consensus opinion regarding management of endocarditis caused by the most commonly encountered microorganisms and regarding those cases due to infrequent causes of endocarditis. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1706-1713)
Prospective Study of the Role of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Patients with an Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen Level, Minor Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, and Proven Bladder Outlet Obstruction
Authors: Koenraad van Renterghem, Gommert Van Koeveringe, Ruth Achten, Philip van Kerrebroeck
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Molecular Control of Immune/Inflammatory Responses: Interactions Between Nuclear Factor-κB and Steroid Receptor-Signaling Pathways
Authors: Lorraine I. McKay, John A. Cidlowski
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1999)

I. Introduction II. Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) A. Introduction B. NF-κB is a dimeric transcription factor C. The regulatory subunit IκB is an inhibitor of NF-κB D. Activation and function of NF-κB E. The transcription factor NF-κB interacts with multiple transcription factors and transcriptional co-factors F. Transgenic animals suggest a complex role for NF-κB family members in immunity and development III. Steroid Hormones/Receptors: Glucocorticoids and the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) A. General background B. Glucocorticoid mechanism of action: the GR C. Glucocorticoid physiology D. GR/NF-κB interactions E. GR interacts with other transcription factors and transcriptional cofactors IV. NF-κB and GR Antagonism: Physiological Significance? V. Interactions Between NF-κB and Other Steroid Hormone Receptors A. Androgen receptor (AR) B. Estrogen receptor (ER) C. Progesterone receptor (PR) VI. Summary/Conclusions
TCT-718 Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation with the Edwards Sapien Versus the Medtronic CoreValve Device
Authors: Esther M. Wiegerinck, Kirsten Boerlage-van Dijk, Ze Yie Yong, Karel T. Koch, Marije M. Vis, Petr Symersky, Ricardo Cocchieri, Bas A.J.M. De Mol, Jan Piek, Jan G. Tijssen, Jan Baan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Leslie T. Webster, George L. Fite, Anna D. Clow, Hugo Muench
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

1. A protection test for measuring serological protective properties against the encephalitis (St. Louis type) virus is described. 2. Normal non-contact sera and sera from persons supposed to have had no exposure to the disease do not protect against the virus. 82.5 per cent of sera from tested St. Louis encephalitis convalescents and at least 66 per cent of sera from tested persons thought to have had the disease do show protective properties. 3. The protective activity of sera is maintained for at least 2(1/2) years after onset of the disease. In vitro aging of serum decreases its activity. 4. Protection tests indicate that the virus was present as early as 1932 in Paris, Illinois, spread through the north central states and reached New York in 1933, and was again active in the north central states in 1934.
Echinococcus Disease of the Heart
Authors: JORGE DIGHIERO, EDUARDO JOAQUIN CANABAL, CESAR V. AGUIRRE, JACOBO HAZAN, JOSÉ O. HORJALES
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, and the clinical picture of uncomplicated and complicated echinococcus disease of the heart are discussed. Cardiac location of the larval stage of Taenia echinococcus in human beings is not an uncommon disease in sheep-grazing countries. The authors put special emphasis on the methods helping to establish the diagnosis of the condition prior to the appearance of any one of its dreaded complications, which make treatment much more difficult and prognosis considerably poorer.
A NOTE ON MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM.*
Authors: J. JACKSON CLARKE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1923)

Journal Article A NOTE ON MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM. Get access J. JACKSON CLARKE, M.B., F.R.C.S. J. JACKSON CLARKE, M.B., F.R.C.S. Surgeon to the Hampstead and Royal National Orthopædic Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 35, Issue 1, 1 January 1923, Pages 24–29, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1923.tb09059.x Published: 01 January 1923
Alterations in Intracellular Calcium Handling Associated With the Inverse Force-Frequency Relation in Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Burkert Pieske, Bodo Kretschmann, Markus Meyer, Christian Holubarsch, Jörg Weirich, Herbert Posival, Kazatomo Minami, Hanjörg Just, Gerd Hasenfuss
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The present study was performed to test the hypothesis that the altered force-frequency relation in human failing dilated cardiomyopathy may be attributed to alterations in intracellular calcium handling. Methods and Results The force-frequency relation was investigated in isometrically contracting ventricular muscle strip preparations from 5 nonfailing human hearts and 7 hearts with end-stage failing dilated cardiomyopathy. Intracellular calcium cycling was measured simultaneously by use of the bioluminescent photoprotein aequorin. Stimulation frequency was increased stepwise from 15 to 180 beats per minute (37°C). In nonfailing myocardium, twitch tension and aequorin light emission rose with increasing rates of stimulation. Maximum average twitch tension was reached at 150 min −1 and was increased to 212±34% ( P &lt;.05) of the value at 15 min −1 . Aequorin light emission was lowest at 15 min −1 and was maximally increased at 180 min −1 to 218±39% ( P &lt;.01). In the failing myocardium, average isometric tension was maximum at 60 min −1 (106±7% of the basal value at 15 min −1 , P =NS) and then decreased continuously to 62±9% of the basal value at 180 min −1 ( P &lt;.002). In the failing myocardium, aequorin light emission was highest at 15 min −1 . At 180 min −1 , it was decreased to 71±7% of the basal value ( P &lt;.01). Including both failing and nonfailing myocardium, there was a close correlation between the frequencies at which aequorin light emission and isometric tension were maximum ( r =.92; n=19; P &lt;.001). Action potential duration decreased similarly with increasing stimulation frequencies in nonfailing and end-stage failing myocardium. Sarcoplasmic reticulum 45 Ca 2+ uptake, measured in homogenates from the same hearts, was significantly reduced in failing myocardium (3.60±0.51 versus 1.94±0.18 (nmol/L) · min −1 · mg protein −1 , P &lt;.005). Conclusions These data indicate that the altered force-frequency relation of the failing human myocardium results from disturbed excitation-contraction coupling with decreased calcium cycling at higher rates of stimulation.
Indicators of Central Fever in the Neurologic Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Sara E. Hocker, Lin Tian, Guangxi Li, James M. Steckelberg, Jay N. Mandrekar, Alejandro A. Rabinstein
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Fever is common in critically ill neurologic patients. Knowledge of the indicators of central fever may allow greater antibiotic stewardship in this era of rapidly developing super-resistant microorganisms.To develop a model to differentiate central from infectious fever in critically ill neurologic patients with fever of an undetermined cause.Retrospective data collection from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2010, at a 20-bed neurologic intensive care unit of a large teaching hospital. Consecutive patients 18 years and older admitted for 48 hours or longer with a core body temperature higher than 38.3 °C on at least 1 measurement for 2 consecutive days. Patients with alternative identified causes of noninfectious fever were excluded. In total, 526 patients were included in the final analysis.Percentage incidence and odds ratios of variables associated with central fever. Fever was classified as infectious if there was culture growth of a pathogenic species or documented clinical diagnosis of infection treated with antibiotics. Remaining patients were considered to have central fever. Continuous fever lasting longer than 6 hours for 2 or more consecutive days was considered persistent. RESULTS Fever was central in 246 patients (46.8%). Patients with infectious fever were older (mean, 57.4 vs 53.5 years; P = .01) and had a longer length of stay in the neurologic intensive care unit (mean, 12.1 vs 8.8 days; P < .001). Central fever was more likely to occur within 72 hours of admission to the neurologic intensive care unit (76.4% vs 60.7%; P < .001) and tended to be persistent (26.4% vs 18.6%; P = .04). Blood transfusion (odds ratio [OR], 3.06; 95% CI, 1.63-5.76); absence of infiltrate on chest x-ray (3.02; 1.81-5.05); diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, or tumor (6.33; 3.72-10.77); and onset of fever within 72 hours of hospital admission (2.20; 1.23-3.94) were independent predictors of central fever on multivariable analysis. The combination of negative cultures; absence of infiltrate on chest radiographs; diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, or tumor; and onset of fever within 72 hours of admission predicted central fever with a probability of .90.We provide a reliable model to differentiate central fever from infectious fever in critically ill neurologic patients, allowing clinicians to select patients in whom antibiotics may be safely discontinued despite ongoing fever.
THE MEDICAL CORPS OF THE U. S. NAVY.
Authors: FREDERICK HORNER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In connection with the early history of the American Navy as developed into a distinct arm of the national defense, it is interesting to recall the fact that its embryonic origin was first developed in Virginia under royal authority. As early as 1775 the convention of the colonists of Virginia had directed the Committee of Safety to procure armed vessels for the defense of the colony, and the control and management were intrusted to this committee. Accordingly in May, 1776, the House of Burgesses of Virginia foreseeing the coming struggle with the mother country for the independence of the colonies, and recognizing that the vessels of the merchant marine of James River and border harbors of Chesapeake Bay constituted the elements, if armed and equipped, of a squadron already manned by sturdy sailors who had knowledge of the sea, and commanded by officers of the pluck and experience which have
ANTIRABIC SERUM IN THERAPY.
Authors: ROBERT J. WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Up to this date attempts to inaugurate a serum treatment for rabies have not, so far as we know, proved successful. Tizzoni and Centanni, following in the lead of Valli, succeeded in immunizing animals with a virus attenuated by peptonization, and from such immunized animals obtained a serum for which they claimed both a preventive and a curative value. Briefly, their method was to give the animal to be immunized seventeen injections in a period of twenty days, each injection representing .25 gram of virus for every kilogram of the weight of the animal being immunized. After twenty-five days the animal was bled and the serum collected in the usual way. The immunizing dose of serum was represented by one part of serum for every 25,000 parts of body weight. The report of their work showed a high degree of protective action in the serum. The method of inoculation of their
A fundamental question
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

All’s Well That Ends Well is one of Shakespeare’s so called problem plays. Although normally considered a comedy, it is very nearly a tragedy, so nearly that its real genre is in doubt. Even the supposedly happy ending, which restores it to the realm of comedy, is equivocal and suspiciously perfunctory.

The play also has a medical problem. Indeed the whole plot turns on it; commentaries and introductions to various editions do not dwell on this problem much, but it is likely to preoccupy any doctor who sees or reads the play. It is the question of what kind of fistula, exactly, the king of France suffers from and how it was cured.

Helena is the daughter of a famous …