tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABDOMINAL SURGERY IN DIABETES
Authors: DANIEL FISKE JONES
Journal: JAMA (1925)

It is undoubtedly true that the diabetic patient must be included among the bad risks in surgery, but is it not time for us to revise our estimate of the danger of operations to these patients? Our impressions are influenced too much by the results of surgery on diabetic patients previous to the work of Allen, Joslin and others. It should be remembered that our impressions are obtained largely from our experience with operations for carbuncles, gangrene and abdominal operations of dire necessity, and we should be well aware, from our experience with many other operative procedures, that the mortality in operations that are done only as a last resort is very high. Those who gave special attention to diabetes deserve much credit for their treatment of surgical diabetes before the introduction of insulin, but their methods had not permeated very deeply into the profession. It has taken a great
Randomized Clinical Trial of Aspirin and Simvastatin for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Steven M. Kawut, Emilia Bagiella, David J. Lederer, Daichi Shimbo, Evelyn M. Horn, Kari E. Roberts, Nicholas S. Hill, R. Graham Barr, Erika B. Rosenzweig, Wendy Post, Russell P. Tracy, Harold I. Palevsky, Paul M. Hassoun, Reda E. Girgis
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that causes exercise limitation, heart failure, and death. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of aspirin and simvastatin in PAH.We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2×2 factorial clinical trial of aspirin and simvastatin in patients with PAH receiving background therapy at 4 centers. A total of 92 patients with PAH were to be randomized to aspirin 81 mg or matching placebo and simvastatin 40 mg or matching placebo. The primary outcome was 6-minute walk distance at 6 months. Sixty-five subjects had been randomized when the trial was terminated by the Data Safety and Monitoring Board after an interim analysis showed futility in reaching the primary end point for simvastatin. After adjustment for baseline 6-minute walk distance, there was no significant difference in the 6-minute walk distance at 6 months between aspirin (n=32) and placebo (n=33; placebo-corrected difference −0.5 m, 95% confidence interval −28.4 to 27.4 m; P=0.97) or between simvastatin (n=32) and placebo (n=33; placebo-corrected difference −27.6 m, 95% confidence interval −59.6 to 4.3 m; P=0.09). There tended to be more major bleeding episodes with aspirin than with placebo (4 events versus 1 event, respectively; P=0.17).Neither aspirin nor simvastatin had a significant effect on the 6-minute walk distance, although patients randomized to simvastatin tended to have a lower 6-minute walk distance at 6 months. These results do not support the routine treatment of patients with PAH with these medications.
Groups and Types of Streptococci from Excised Tonsils
Authors: E. V. Keogh, I. Macdonald, J. Battle, R. T. Simmons, S. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1939)

shouLld never be used wet, except when enough solution is available to allow of a first wash.6.The Folin copper solution has a tendency to deposit cuprous oxide.This can be seen on the bottom of the bottle when present, and is orange-red in colour.The solution is kept in a dark bottle to prevent this ; but if it occurs the solution must be decanted and the bottle washed and dried before the solution is returned.7. Cleaning.-Agood wash under running cold water, and draining, is all the cleaning necessary.Wash tube A before it has time to dry.8. Ordinary tap-water is perfectly safe to use in making the estimations.In evolving this method I am greatly indebted to Dr. R. D.
Recurrent Mitral Stenosis
Authors: K. Fraser, I. F. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1962)

ULCERATIVE COLITIS MEDICALJOUNALtreatment with 60 mg.daily, but occurred once only in each of the other groups and then after five weeks' treat- ment.The mooning was severe in only one patient and rapidly regressed when the dose of prednisone was reduced.Dyspepsia was an early side-effect and occurred in all the treatment groups: three patients stopped taking the tablets on this account.
TROPHIC DISORDER OF THE FEET: AN ANOMALOUS AND ASYMMETRICAL CASE OF SCLERODACTYLIA WITH RAYNAUD'S PHENOMENA
Authors: F. PARKES WEBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1901)

Journal Article TROPHIC DISORDER OF THE FEET: AN ANOMALOUS AND ASYMMETRICAL CASE OF SCLERODACTYLIA WITH RAYNAUD'S PHENOMENA Get access F. PARKES WEBER, M.D., F.R.C.P. F. PARKES WEBER, M.D., F.R.C.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 13, Issue 2, 1 February 1901, Pages 41–46, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1901.tb16356.x Published: 01 February 1901
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony–Stimulating Factor Prevents the Progression of Atherosclerosis via Changes in the Cellular and Extracellular Composition of Atherosclerotic Lesions in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbits
Authors: Joji Shindo, Toshiyuki Ishibashi, Keiko Yokoyama, Kazuhiko Nakazato, Takayuki Ohwada, Masashi Shiomi, Yukio Maruyama
Journal: Circulation (1999)

A cytokine network is involved in atherogenesis. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the development and composition of atherosclerotic lesions in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits.GM-CSF (10 microg. kg-1. d-1) was administered to 4-month-old WHHL rabbits (n=9) 5 days a week for 7.5 months, whereas an equal dose of human serum albumin was administered to controls (n=9). The cholesterol levels were not changed significantly by the treatment. Age-matched 4-month-old rabbits (n=7) had atheromatous plaques over 30.7+/-5.7% of the inner surface area of the aortic arch. After treatment, the percentages of surface atheromatous plaques to total aortic arch area were 45.0+/-12.6% in the GM-CSF group and 74.3+/-11.0% in controls (P<0.0001). Histological examination demonstrated that GM-CSF reduced the ratio of intima to media (P<0.01) and cross-sectional areas of atherosclerotic lesions (P<0.0001). Quantitative analysis indicated a marked decrease in the areas of smooth muscle cells (P=0.0001), collagen (P=0.0001), and extracellular lipid deposits (P<0.05) of atheromatous plaques in GM-CSF-treated rabbits compared with controls. The terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the relationship between decreased atherosclerotic lesions and apoptosis. The percentage of TUNEL-positive cells increased in the GM-CSF group (GM-CSF, 24.1+/-4.4% versus control, 11.6+/-3.2%; P<0.0001). GM-CSF enhanced the apoptosis of smooth muscle cells in the shoulder region and the fibrous cap (P<0.0001), suggesting one of the mechanisms for the antiatherogenic effect.GM-CSF altered the composition of atherosclerotic lesions and reduced the atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits.
Myogenic Reactivity of Coronary Resistance Arteries After Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Hyperkalemic Cardioplegia
Authors: Steven Y. Wang, Menachem Friedman, Alvin Franklin, Frank W. Sellke
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegia are associated with systemic hypotension and altered vascular responses, suggesting a defect in the smooth muscle control of vascular tone. Previous studies demonstrated alteration in neurohumoral control of the systemic and coronary circulation after CPB and cardioplegia; however, effects of CPB and cardioplegia on the intrinsic control of the vascular smooth muscle, especially in the coronary microcirculation, remain to be determined.Pigs were placed on CPB. Selected hearts were arrested with a cold, hyperkalemic ([K+] = 25 mmol/L) crystalloid cardioplegic solution for 1 hour. In another group, hearts were arrested and then reperfused with warm blood for 1 hour. Coronary arterioles (70 to 149 microns) were studied in a pressurized, no-flow state with video microscopy. Myogenic reactivity was examined to stepwise increases in intraluminal pressure from 10 to 100 mm Hg. The vessel diameter was normalized to the diameter at 50 mm Hg after application of papaverine (10(-4) mol/L). Myogenic reactivity of vessels from noninstrumented control pigs was not altered after mechanical denudation of the endothelium or pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine or indomethacin. In vessels from control pigs and vessels from the CPB group, myogenic contraction was observed with pressures > 40 mm Hg. However, CPB significantly decreased intrinsic tone as the pressure-diameter relation shifted upward (P < .05 versus control). This decreased intrinsic tone was markedly attenuated by NG-nitro-L-arginine, suggesting an increased basal release of nitric oxide. Cardioplegic arrest, with or without reperfusion, decreased myogenic contraction to pressures > 40 mm Hg (P < .05 versus control). Pretreatment of vessels with glybenclamide normalized the cardioplegia-induced decrease in myogenic contraction (P < .05), suggesting that the reduced myogenic contraction is due to activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels.The result of the present study suggests that coronary microvascular myogenic reactivity and the intrinsic tone are reduced after hyperkalemic cardioplegia and that CPB preserves myogenic reactivity but reduces the intrinsic tone of the vascular smooth muscle.
Micropatterning Hydrophobic Liquid on a Porous Polymer Surface for Long‐Term Selective Cell‐Repellency
Authors: Erica Ueda, Pavel A. Levkin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

A simple method to form precise micropatterns of hydrophobic liquids using porous hydrophilic-hydrophobic substrates is presented. The micropatterns of hydrophobic liquid exhibit long-term stability, excellent cell-repellency, no cytotoxicity, and are more efficient than conventional PEG or superhydrophobic surfaces in controlling eukaryotic cell adhesion.
Abstract LB-263: Study of Hox gene expression in normal and malignant colonic tissues implicates Hox A4 and Hox D10 in the stem cell-origin of colon cancer
Authors: Seema Bhatlekar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Our goal was to identify transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that maintain stem cell (SC) population size in normal colonic epithelium because dysregulation, following acquisition of mutations, leads to tumor SC overpopulation, tumor initiation, and colon cancer. We used microarray analysis to identify a unique gene-expression pattern for a SC-enriched population (the bottom third of the normal human crypt, where colonic SC reside). Two-color microarray analysis (18,500 genes) was used to analyze gene expression in isolated crypt subsections (top [T], middle [M], and bottom [B] thirds). About 25% of known genes were expressed (showed hybridization to RNA from colonic epithelium). Several RNA species (n=287) were preferentially expressed in one of the three crypt subsections (T, M, or B). Six of the known genes up regulated in the bottom third of the crypt mapped to the P13 kinase pathway and two were Hox genes (Hox A4 and D10). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was then used to analyze expression of Hox A4 and Hox D10 in human colonic tissues. IHC showed that both Hox A4 and D10 are expressed in cells residing at the bottom of the normal crypt and are co-expressed with aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a SC marker in these cells. Moreover, IHC showed that Hox A4 and D10 are overexpressed in tumors compared with normal colonic epithelium. These data represent the first gene-expression profiles for sub-regions of the human colonic crypt, especially the SC-rich crypt base, which we now know has a unique gene-expression signature. Co-expression of Hox A4 and D10 with ALDH1 in normal colonocytes suggests that these Hox genes have a role in regulation of the crypt SC population size. Overexpression of Hox A4 and D10 in colon cancer suggests that these Hox genes, when dysregulated, contribute to SC overpopulation and colon tumorigenesis. Identification of the Hox gene-based mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of normal crypt SC population size and in dysregulation of neoplastic SC populations could lead to identification of SC-based targets and ways to develop new, more effective treatments for advanced colon cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-263.
499 PXR ACTIVATION REDUCES HEPATIC TNF-ALPHA LEVELS – A MECHANISM FOR INHIBITING LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: K. Wallace, D.K. Konstantinou, D.E. Cowie, S.J. Tucker, C.J. Marek, E. Durward, M. Koruth, D.A. Mann, M.C. Wright
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
990. In Vivo Analysis of Adenovirus Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response in CD28, PD-1, Fas Ligand or Perforin Deficient Mice
Authors: Jian Chen, Qi Wu, Allan J. Zajac, PingAr Yang, Xin Xu, Hui-Chen Hsu, David T. Curiel, John D. Mountz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Adenovirus (Ad) has been extensively studied as gene delivery vectors in gene therapy as well as vaccine carriers. The cell-mediate cytotoxicity induced by Ad is of great interest in both applications. However, the mechanism underlying Ad-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation and effector function remains unclear. To address this problem, we utilized an MHC I tetramer, Db-E1Bp, and an in vivo CTL assay to examine the role of CD28, and PD-1, an inhibitory member of B7:CD28 family, as well as perforin, FasL and TNFα in generation and/or function of Ad-specific CTLs. Eight days after Ad infection, 1% of CD8+ cells in spleen were Db-E1Bp+ in CD28KO mice, compared to 9.3% in WT mice. The target cell killing efficiencies are also reduced by 77% and 80% in the spleen and liver of CD28KO mice, respectively, compared to those of WT mice. To distinguish between the defects in CTL generation and effector function in CD28KO mice, a plot of the number of Db- E1Bp+ CTLs and the E1Bp-specific target cell lysis was compared to that of WT mice. The results indicate that two out of the three CD28KO mice exhibited lower killing efficiency per cell compared with that of WT mice. (Fig. 1) Surprisingly, there was a 56% decrease in the generation of Db-E1Bp+ cells in PD-1-/- mice compared to WT mice, but the killing efficiency of E1Bp-specific target cells remained the same as in WT mice. The expression of CD28 on CD8+ T cells exhibit a direct effect on CTL activation, since there was no defect in generation or function of Db-E1Bp+CD8+ T cells in CD4+ depleted mice. Perforin deficient (Prf-/-) mice exhibited 70% target cell lysis compared to 98% in WT mice, whereas the number of Ad-specific CTLs remained the same as in WT mice. In contrast , the generation of Ad-specific CD8 T cells in FasL deficient mice was significantly reduced by 62% and 50% in the spleen and liver, respectively, but the specific lysis were equivalent to that of WT mice. The killing efficiency in Prf-/- mice were further reduced to 37% in killing of Fas- deficient cells, but remained the same in killing of cells from TNFR1-/-TNFR2-/- mice. These results indicate that CD28 is necessary for an optimal CTL response and PD-1 provides positive signals to CD8 T cells in response to Ad infection. In WT mice, the CTL activity is mediated mainly by perforin. In the absence of perforin, FasL but not TNFα, produced by the CTLs appears to mediate the Ad-specific killing of target cells. (Fig. 2)Fig. 2View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)
Allergy to latex condoms
Authors: D. A. Levy, S. Khouader, F. Leynadier
Journal: Allergy (1998)

This study delineates the prevalence of reactions to condoms among latex-allergic patients seen in allergy consultation services since 1987. Questionnaires were mailed to 374 patients previously found to have clinically significant allergy to latex. Of these, only 238 completed the questionnaire. The respondents were 89% female, aged 14-70 years; 49% were health care workers. The results of the survey reveal that the 79 (84%) reported local itching and swelling and 25% had cutaneous urticaria, angioedema, and/or respiratory symptoms. In light of this problem, this paper suggests that physicians should be aware of other contraceptive alternatives for latex-sensitive patients.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Testing in Lung Cancer: Searching for the Ideal Method
Authors: William Pao, Marc Ladanyi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Some somatic mutations, especially those in genes encoding tyrosine kinases, are central to the biology of specific cancers. In such instances, these “driver” mutations lead to the production of mutated enzymes, which then serendipitously serve as excellent substrates for targeted therapies.
THE ADEQUATE TREATMENT OF GONORRHEA
Authors: J. R. HELLER
Journal: JAMA (1946)

My purpose in this report is threefold: to present data from the most recent Public Health Service investigations on the use of penicillin in gonorrhea by short treatment schedules, to review data from certain previous studies of the Public Health Service and to indicate the practicability of reducing the incidence of gonorrhea through the use of these short schedules of treatment in the private physician's office.  That penicillin is an effective therapeutic agent for gonorrhea seems well established; and there is general agreement that, with the commercial penicillins as now produced, satisfactory results may be expected with a total dosage of 200,000 Oxford units or more. The major consideration remaining at the moment concerns the best schedule for administering the penicillin. Ideally, the best schedule would require a minimum of time and a minimumof special equipment without any sacrifice of therapeutic efficacy. Ideally too, the most desirable schedule would be
A QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE WATER CONTENT OF SKIN AND INFLAMMATION PRODUCED BY CHEMICAL IRRITANTS 1
Authors: H. Vinik Weiss, Vinton E. Siler, Peter R. Buechler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

Frequently it is desirable to determine quantitatively the inflammatory response of tissues to chemical irritants. Until now the approach to this problem has depended chiefly upon subjective analysis of the degree of redness or swelling of inflamed tissues, such as that reported by Munch (1). Technics which depend to a considerable extent upon the investigator's visual evaluation possess certain recognized inherent errors. Even the unintentional bias of the investigator may significantly influence the assignment of a specific value to a visually observed physiological phenomenon.
The Hospice Movement-Reply
Authors: John P. Callan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Before the EDITORIAL on hospices was written in November 1978, the director of information at New Haven Hospice informed me that a total of 585 patients had been treated to that date. According to official New Haven Hospice publications, funding was unclear.  April-June 1976 New Haven Hospice newsletter stated: The National Cancer Institute has renewed its contract with Hospice for $864,686 plus the previous contract. This will cover the operations of Home Care for 16 months from May 2, 1976, to September 1977. Hospice now states that it received a total of $872,323 from the National Cancer Institute.   New Haven Hospice annual budget has increased sharply from a low of $278,000 in 1975 to double that amount at present. It is expected to exceed $2 million when the inpatient facility becomes operational. Dividing $1,710,735, the total sum of the 1975 to 1978 annual budgets, by either
Pressor Responses to Noxious Stimuli in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: ALVIN P. SHAPIRO, EMANUEL KRIFCHER
Journal: Circulation (1964)

The pressor and pulse rate responses to several standardized stimuli were determined in hypertensive patients receiving guanethidine sulfate or alpha methyldopa in therapeutic doses. Despite differences between the two compounds in their mode of action, both demonstrated functionally sympatholytic effects. Both drugs produced a greater blood pressure fall in the erect posture than in the supine and impaired the pressor response to the cold pressor test. The pressor reactivity to intravenous angiotensin, however, persisted. Responses to psychophysiologic stimuli were decreased. The implications of these findings for both therapy and for understanding of physiologic mechanisms of pressor reactivity are discussed.
Improving access needs a whole systems approach
Authors: A. Rogers, J. Flowers, D. Pencheon
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A population that can do trivial things like shopping 24 hours a day in a variety of ways does not expect that doing serious things like accessing health care should be as difficult as it often is. Optimal access means providing the right service at the right time in the right place. Simplifying and improving access according to need is evident in recent initiatives by the British government, such as NHS Direct. Good access arrangements in the NHS will be central to averting crises in the millennium winter. Access should therefore be treated as part of a whole system of formal and informal care,1 ensuring that links are made within and between public services of all kinds. From this perspective there are many ways in which access can be improved.

Firstly, ways of providing easier and more appropriate access to and between public services should be explored. Good access arrangements are vital at the interfaces of self and formal care and between primary and secondary care. Adoption of a whole systems approach in the winter of 1998-99 (involving better coordination between …
Clinical features of hepatitis C-infected patients with persistently normal alanine transaminase levels in the southwestern United States
Authors: Mazen M. Jamal, Anurag Soni, Patrick G. Quinn, Donald E. Wheeler, Sanjeev Arora, David E. Johnston
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Approximately one third of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have normal alanine transaminase (ALT) levels. We studied the clinical, biochemical, virological, and histological features in patients with persistently normal ALT. A case-control study was conducted on 275 patients with chronic HCV infection, including 75 patients with persistently normal ALT and 200 patients with abnormal ALT. Persistently normal ALT was defined as 4 consecutive ALT values in each patient within a period of 12 months. The average age of the patients was 44 years (range 18 to 69 years). More non-Hispanic whites had persistently normal ALT. The mean serum ferritin level was significantly lower in patients with persistently normal ALT as compared with abnormal ALT (128 ± 92 ng/mL and 224 ± 128 ng/mL), respectively ( P = .017). The mean HCV-RNA level was significantly lower in patients with persistently normal ALT as compared with abnormal ALT (12 × 10 5 ± 2.8 × 10 6 copies/mL and 33 × 10 5 ± 8.0 × 10 6 ), respectively ( P = .02). Histologically, patients with persistently normal ALT had less severe portal inflammation ( P &lt; .05), lobular inflammation ( P = .003), piecemeal necrosis ( P = .002), fibrosis ( P &lt; .05), lower prevalence of cirrhosis ( P = .007), as well as a slower fibrosis progression rate ( P &lt; .001). Chronic hepatitis C patients with persistently normal ALT have low-activity grade and stage on liver biopsy. In these patients the hepatitis C RNA level was lower compared with abnormal ALT patients, which may explain the slower fibrosis progression rate.