tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging versus mammography for diagnosing ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) around invasive breast cancer
Authors: S. Schrading, A. Gnatzy, E. Wardelmann, M. Braun, H. Schild, C. K. Kuhl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

1507 Background: Intraductal tumor spread around invasive breast cancers is one of the major reasons for positive margins after breast conservation surgery. Therefore, it is very important to accurately map the presence and the extent of intraductal components before breast conserving treatment is initiated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the respective sensitivities of mammography and of contrast enhanced breast MRI for identifying and delineating intraductal components around invasive cancers. Methods: Between 02/2002 and 10/2007, a total 139 patients, mean age 54 years (28–80) received the final surgical pathology diagnosis of invasive breast cancer with additional intraductal components. All women underwent bilateral mammography with at least 2 views, plus spot compression views where appropriate, and high-resolution bilateral breast MRI. All imaging studies were read independently by experienced readers. We investigated the mode of detection of DCIS associated with invasive cancers and analyzed whether we were able to identify factors that would predict the detectability of an intraductal component (histology of invasive part, grading of cancers, mammographic breast density). Results: 51/139 (37%) of the intraductal components had been prospectively identified by mammography; 118/139 (85%) by MRI. In 47/139 (34%) mammography and MRI were concordantly positive. In 4/139 (3%), only mammography was positive, whereas MRI was false negative. In 71/139 (51%), only MRI was positive, whereas mammography was false negative. In 17/139 (12%), mammography and MRI were both false negative. 122/139 (88%) intraductal components were identified if mammography and MRI were combined. In this cohort, neither histology of the associated invasive cancer, nor mammographic breast density, nor grading of the invasive cancer predicted the detectability of an intraductal component by mammography or MRI. Conclusions: MRI offers a significantly higher sensitivity for diagnosing intraductal components of invasive cancers than mammography alone. Thus, MRI provides a more accurate road map for breast conserving surgery than mammography alone. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Sudan to tighten law on female genital mutilation
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Following a recent symposium in Khartoum, Sudan, on the abolition of female genital mutilation to ensure safe motherhood, Sudan's government has agreed to take further measures to abolish the practice.

Although the practice was originally outlawed in 1946 and again in 1974, the United Nations has pointed out that “Sudan has the highest prevalence of female genital mutilation in the world.”

During the symposium, organised by Sudan's ministry of health in conjunction …
Abstract 2456: Strong and Independent Association between Angiotensinogen Gene Polymorphisms and Hypertension in 10060 Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jasper J Brugts, Moniek de Maat, Eric Boersma, Jacqueline Witteman, Andre Uitterlinden, Jan Danser, Willem Remme, Roberto Ferrrai, Kim Fox, Maarten L Simoons
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Long-Term Outcomes of Immediate Repair Compared with Surveillance of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: United Kingdom Small Aneurysm Trial Participants, J T Powell, A R Brady, L C Brown, F G R Fowkes, R M Greenhalgh, C V Ruckley, S G Thompson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Two clinical trials, one British and one American, have shown that early, prophylactic elective surgery does not improve five-year survival among patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysms. We report long-term outcomes in the United Kingdom Small Aneurysm Trial.We randomly assigned 1090 patients, 60 to 76 years of age, with small abdominal aortic aneurysms (diameter, 4.0 to 5.5 cm) to one of two groups: 563 were assigned to undergo early elective surgery, and 527 were assigned to undergo surveillance by ultrasonography. Patients were followed in the trial until June 1998 and thereafter until August 2001; the mean duration of follow-up was 8 years (range, 6 to 10).The mean duration of survival was 6.5 years among patients in the surveillance group, as compared with 6.7 years among patients in the early-surgery group (P=0.29). The adjusted hazard ratio for death from any cause in the early-surgery group as compared with the surveillance group was 0.83 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.69 to 1.00; P=0.05). The 30-day operative mortality in the early-surgery group (5.5 percent) led to an early disadvantage in terms of survival. The survival curves crossed at three years, and at eight years, mortality in the early-surgery group was 7.2 percentage points lower than that in the surveillance group (P=0.03). There was no evidence that age, sex, or the initial size of the aneurysm modified the hazard ratio or that delayed surgery in the surveillance group increased 30-day postoperative mortality. Death was attributable to a ruptured aneurysm in 19 of the 411 men who died (5 percent) and in 12 of the 85 women who died (14 percent) (P=0.001). The rate of early cessation of smoking was higher in the early-surgery group than in the surveillance group.Among patients with a small abdominal aortic aneurysm, we found no long-term difference in mean survival between the early-surgery and surveillance groups, although after eight years, total mortality was lower in the early-surgery group. This difference may be attributed in part to beneficial changes in lifestyle adopted by members of the early-surgery group.
Care of the Child with a Chronic Tracheostomy
Authors: J M Sherman, S Davis, S Albamonte-Petrick, R L Chatburn, C Fitton, C Green, J Johnston, R K Lyrene, C Myer, H B Othersen, R Wood, M Zach, J Zander, R Zinman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)
Abstract 12282: Incidence of Amiodarone Hypersensitivity Reaction in Hospitalized Patients with Prior Allergic Reaction to Iodine or Iodinated Contrast
Authors: Umashankar Lakshmanadoss, John Lindsley, Daryl Glick, Charles H Twilley, John J Lewin, Joseph E Marine
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Limited data exist to support or refute the use of amiodarone in patients with a documented iodine allergy. We sought to determine the incidence of a hypersensitivity reaction to amioda...
Abstract 15231: Long-Term Clinical Outcome in STEMI-Patients Treated With Primary PCI and Drug-Eluting or Bare-Metal Stents
Authors: Sune H Pedersen, Soren Galatius, Rasmus Mogelvang, Steen Z Abildstrom, Rikke Sorensen, Anders Galloe, Ulrik Abildgaard, Peter R Hansen, Ulla Davidsen, Allan Z Iversen, Jan Bech, Jan K Madsen, Jan S Jensen
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Use of drug-eluting stents (DES) in patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) during routine primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is controversial. W...
Abstract 14380: Associations of Physical Activity Levels and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Greek Adolescents. Data from the 3L Study
Authors: D. Tsiachris, C. Tsioufis, A. Mazaraki, A. Kasiakogias, I. Andrikou, E. Stefanadi, T. Psaltopoulou, D. Panagiotakos, C. Stefanadis
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objectives: Physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) are key components for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship b...
Malaria in Austria 1990-2000
Authors: R Strauss, C Pfeifer
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

In Austria, between 1990 and 2000, 924 travel related malaria cases were reported (mean = 84/year). No significant decreasing or increasing trends were observed. P. falciparum (n=517; 55.9%) accounted for the highest number of cases followed by P. vivax or ovale (n=321; 34.7%) and P. malariae (n=29; 2.2%). Most infections were contracted in highly endemic malaria regions (n=686; 74.2%) and most cases were reported from the largest counties: Vienna (n=336, 36.4%), Styria (n=156, 16.8%), and Lower Austria (n=151, 16.3%). Overall, 12 deaths occurred, most were caused by P. falciparum (n=9, 75%; case fatality rate: 1.9%). Data on chemoprophylaxis was available for 752 cases (81.4%) but only half of them (n=367, 48.8%) gave detailed information on the drug used. Data on compliance were obtained for only 45.4% of the cases, with only about 60% of patients completing the full course of prophylaxis.
Continued emergence and changing epidemiology of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus, United Kingdom, winter 2010/11
Authors: A Lackenby, J Moran Gilad, R Pebody, S Miah, L Calatayud, S Bolotin, I Vipond, P Muir, M Guiver, J McMenamin, A Reynolds, C Moore, R Gunson, CI Thompson, M Galiano, A Bermingham, J Ellis, M Zambon
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

During the winter period 2010/11 27 epidemiologically unlinked, confirmed cases of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus infection have been detected in multiple, geographically dispersed settings. Three of these cases were in community settings, with no known exposure to oseltamivir. This suggests possible onward transmission of resistant strains and could be an indication of a possibility of changing epidemiology of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus.
Abstract 276: Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction Modulates Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction
Authors: Mansoor Ahmad, Nader G Abraham, Michael S Wolin
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Endothelium removed Bovine pulmonary arteries (BPA) contract to hypoxia through a mechanism potentially involving lowering of superoxide-derived hydrogen peroxide and removing its basal relaxing effect. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in BPA by 24 hr organ culture with 0.1mM cobalt chloride was accompanied by a decrease in 5μM lucigenin-detectable superoxide and an increase in horseradish peroxidase-luminol detectable peroxide levels. Force development to 20mM KCl in BPA was not affected by HO-1, but hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) was significantly reduced. Organ culture with a HO-1 inhibitor (10μM chromium mesoporphyrin) reversed the effects of HO-1 on HPV and peroxide. Pretreatment of BPA with a copper chelator 10mM diethyldithiocarbamate (DETCA) to inactivate Cu,Zn-SOD, prevented the conversion of superoxide to peroxide, and attenuated HPV. DETCA treatment increased superoxide and decreased peroxide to similar levels in control and HO-1 induced BPA. Peroxide scavenging with 0.1mM ebselen increased force development to 20mM KCl and partially reversed the decrease in HPV seen on induction of HO-1. Thus HO-1 induction in BPA causes an increase in superoxide scavenging by Cu,Zn-SOD resulting in increased levels of peroxide, leading to an attenuation of HPV. The generation of superoxide in BPA is not affected by HO-1 induction as DETCA treated control and HO-1 BPA show similar levels of superoxide. Thus, HO-1 induction appears to attenuate HPV in BPA by increasing the conversion of superoxide to peroxide, leading to peroxide levels which may not be adequately lowered by hypoxia.
Abstract 14699: Vitamin D Excess Is Significantly Associated with Risk of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Megan B Smith, Heidi T May, Tami L Blair, Jeffrey L Anderson, Joseph B Muhlestein, Benjamin D Horne, Donald L Lappe, John D Day, Brian G Crandall, Peter Weiss, Jeffrey S Osborn, Thomas J Bunch
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] Vit D) toxicity is a potentially serious medical condition and typically results from taking an excessive amount of supplements. 25[OH] Vit D toxicity result...
Abstract 1338: Brain MRI Neural Responses to Hand-Grip in Heart Failure
Authors: Paul M Macey, Paula Wu, Rajesh Kumar, Mary A Woo, Gregg C Fonarow, Michele A Hamilton, Ronald M Harper
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Heart failure (HF) patients show impaired neural responses to autonomic challenges, possibly from injury to autonomic control brain sites. The insular cortex (right-side, sympathetic, left parasympathetic) is injured in HF and may show abnormal autonomic neural responses to motor challenges, such as hand-grip.  METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals were assessed over discrete insular regions to hand-grip in 15 HF (age 53±8; 10 male; LVEF 28±7%) and 45 controls (age 51±7; 28 males). Subjects squeezed an inflated bag with their right hand for a 16 sec period, repeated 4 times at one min intervals. Brain volumes were collected at 2 sec intervals with a 3.0 Tesla scanner and images were preprocessed with SPM5. Time trends of brain signals were extracted over 5 left and right insular regions and patterns compared between groups.  RESULTS: A significant muting of signals and loss of recovery response in all areas of the insular cortex on both right and left sides appeared in HF over controls (Fig. 1). Unlike other autonomic challenges (e.g., Valsalva), no response phase differences emerged. Left side early responses in posterior insular areas in HF were less affected than the right.  CONCLUSIONS: Both left and right insular cortices show significantly impaired fMRI signal responses to hand-grip in HF, with posterior left-sided (parasympathetic) areas less affected in early response stages. Impaired autonomic actions to motor challenges could significantly affect both sympathetic and parasympathetic responses to motor behavior. Failed recovery responses will significantly affect autonomic patterns to successive challenges.
Abstract 2883: Long-term Survival and Cardiac Troponin T Elevation in On- and Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Jeremiah R Brown, Felix Hernandez, John D Klemperer, Robert A Clough, Francis V DiPierro, Patricia A Hofmaster, Cathy S Ross, Gerald T O’Connor
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: The long-term clinical usefulness of conventional coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CCAB) and off-pump surgery (OPCAB) remains controversial. Long-term survival and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) elevation following CCAB and OPCAB has not been assessed. We tested the hypothesis that long-term survival was similar for CCAB and OPCAB patients when stratified by the presence or absence of cTnT elevation. Methods: In this prospective cohort, we followed 1511 non-emergent patients with 2 or 3 vessel disease (778 CCAB and 733 OPCAB) from a single hospital in Northern New England by surgeons using both procedures between 2000–2004 to determine if 6-year survival was similar for CCAB and OPCAB patients. Postoperative cTnT elevation was defined at ≥1 (ng/μL). Data was linked to the Social Security Administration Death Master File. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank techniques were used. Cox’s proportional hazard models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), adjusting baseline patient and disease characteristics. Results: Patients were similar with regard to baseline disease characteristics, comorbidities, cardiac history, function and anatomy. CCAB was associated with higher 6-year survival compared with OPCAB regardless of troponin elevation (Figure , p&lt;0.0001). Adjusted HR (CCAB cTnT &lt;1 as referent) were 1.57 (1.05–2.36) for OPCAB cTnT&lt;1, 1.52 (0.95–2.43) for CCAB cTnT ≥1, and 2.50 (1.37–4.58) for OPCAB cTnT≥1. Conclusion: In summary, CCAB results in better survival over OPCAB in patients presenting with two or three vessel disease undergoing non-emergent cardiac surgery.
Trends in the epidemiology of dengue fever and their relevance for importation to Europe
Authors: T Jelinek
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Dengue fever continues to spread globally, causing major epidemics and putting major strain on health systems in affected countries. For imported dengue in Europe, south east Asia is the most important region of origin, followed by Latin America, the Indian subcontinent, the Caribbean, and Africa. Information regarding mosquito protective measures is highly recommended for all travellers to affected areas.
Differences in breast carcinoma characteristics in newly diagnosed African-American and Caucasian patients: A single-institution compilation compared with the National Cancer Institute SEER database
Authors: G. J. Morris, S. Naidu, A. Topham, P. McCue, G. Schwartz, A. Rosenberg, E. P. Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

9670 Background: Invasive breast carcinomas diagnosed in African-American (AA) patients (pts) are described as more aggressive in characteristics as compared with those in Caucasian (C) patients. Methods: We compiled information from the NCI SEER database on stage, histologic grade, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity of breast carcinomas diagnosed in 136,358 AA and C pts between 1990–2000, and compiled the same information, along with nuclear grade, Ki-67, c-erb-B2, p53, p21, and bcl-2 expression in 2,074 AA and C pts diagnosed and treated at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (TJUH) between 1996–2002. In TJUH specimens, paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue was stained with hematoxylin/eosin, and immunohistochemical markers were assayed using antibodies to the above proteins. Differences in expression were analyzed by Chi-squared tests. Results: At diagnosis, more AA pts presented with advanced stage (AS, III/IV) tumors in both databases, and were more likely to present with higher histologic grade (p<0.001, all stages in NCI SEER; p=0.001 in early stage [ES, I/II] at TJUH), and nuclear grade 3–4 than C pts (51.0% vs. 31.3% in ES, p<0.001). AA pts had lower ER-positivity (52.2% vs. 63.5%, p<0.001) but significantly higher ki-67 (42.0% vs. 25.7%, p<0.001) and p53 expression (18.4% vs. 12.1%, p<0.05) than C pts with ES tumors, and a trend toward lower ER and increased ki-67 expression in AA pts with AS tumors (not significant). PR, C-erb-B2, p21, and bcl-2 expressions were not significantly different between AA and C pts in all stages. Conclusions: AA pts with invasive breast carcinomas are more likely to present with later stage, higher grade, higher ki-67 expression, and less likely to have ER positivity than C pts in both the NCI SEER and TJUH databases. Due to these disparate presentations, molecular studies which may explain these differences, and correlations with survival, are proposed. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche
Hepatitis B Related Serological Events In Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients and Efficacy Of Lamivudine Prophylaxis Against Reactivation
Authors: Alok Gupta, Bhausaheb Bagal, Jayant Gawande, Sachin Punatar, Bharat Chauhan, Libin Mathew, Vivek Bhat, Sadhana Kannan, Navin Khattry
Journal: Blood (2013)
Genome Analysis of CLL by Representational Oligonucleotide Microarray Analysis (ROMA).
Authors: Vladimir D. Grubor, Jennifer E. Troge, Jennifer L. Meth, B. Lakshmi, Boris Yamron, Lisa A. Hufnagel, Yoon-Ha Lee, Jude T. Kendall, Deepa Pai, Annette Lee, Peter Gregersen, Sophia Yancopoulos, Steven Allen, Kanti R. Rai, Nicholas Chiorazzi, Michael H. Wigler, Diane Esposito
Journal: Blood (2006)
Abstract 3897: Initial Effect of Guideline Implementation on Utilization of Myocardial Stress Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Nathaniel Reichek, David Grossman, Russell Amico, Gary Gerstenblith, Jeffrey Brinker, Stephen Winters, Hugh Calkins, Jing Han, John Covert, Joseph Levine
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Introduction: Guidelines for cardiac testing have been developed but their potential impact on test utilization has not been assessed. We examined the initial impact of guideline-driven precertific...
Learning from primary care in developing countries
Authors: W. A M Cutting
Journal: BMJ (1996)

cycles of either mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin or mitomycin, vinblastine, and cisplatin.Nine thousand patients will be required for the trial to give a reliable and clinically relevant result.Potentially all patients with non-small cell lung cancer will be eligible.Similar large trials have been conducted in breast and ovarian cancer, with considerable success.The "big lung trial" will be the first large scale randomised trial to ask this basic but important question about the treatment of this major disease.
Abstract 12789: Assessment of the Microvascular Response to Stem Cell Therapy with Contrast Ultrasound Perfusion Imaging and Maximum Intensity Projection Angiography
Authors: Jae choon Ryu, Qi Yue, Dao gang Zha, Chad Carr, Todd Belcik, Aris Xie, Brian Davidson, Yan Zhao, Juliana M Woda, Anthony E Ting, Jonathan R Lindner
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Pro-angiogenic stem cell therapy is a promising option for patients with coronary and peripheral artery disease who cannot undergo mechanical revascularization. Adequate methods for dir...
Phase II study and tissue correlative studies of AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in iodine-131 refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma (IRPTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with follicular elements.
Authors: A. S. Lucas, E. E. Cohen, R. B. Cohen, M. K. Krzyzanowska, C. H. Chung, B. A. Murphy, T. Tanvetyanon, J. Gilbert, D. T. Moore, D. N. Hayes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

5536 Background: There is no standard treatment for IRPTC. AZD6244 is an oral, small molecule inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, MEK-1/2. Thyroid cancers appear to be dependent on RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling. A multicenter, open-label, phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of AZD6244 in IRPTC. Correlative studies were performed to include the tumor genotype for BRAF a potent activator of the MAP kinase pathway. Methods: Patients with objective evidence of disease progression within the last 12 months were eligible. AZD6244 was administered as a free base suspension at a dose of 100 mg twice daily for 28-day cycles. The primary end point was objective response rate. The secondary end points were safety, overall survival, and time to progression. 32 evaluable patients were required. Radiologic response was assessed every 8 weeks and determined using RECIST. Correlative studies were performed to include the tumor genotype for BRAF. Results: 39 subjects were enrolled. The median age was 59 years. The population was predominantly men (75%) and Caucasian (88%). Only 19% of subjects had received prior systemic therapy. The most common drug-related adverse events included rash (69%), fatigue (49%), diarrhea (49%), and peripheral edema (36%). Grade 3-4 toxicities included rash (18%), fatigue (8%), diarrhea (5%), and peripheral edema (5%). Best response in 32 evaluable patients who completed at least two cycles was 1 partial response (3%), 21 with stable disease (66%), and 10 with progressive disease (31%). The mean progression free survival (PFS) was 53.6 weeks with a 95% confidence interval of 37.8–69.5 weeks. The median PFS was 32 weeks. Seven patients remain on study with PFS up to 53 weeks. Data on BRAF mutation status will be presented. Conclusions: In the treatment of IRPTC, AZD6244 is well-tolerated. One partial response was reported, along with PFS greater than 1 year in a patient population with previously documented progressive disease and few therapeutic options. These observations suggest that AZD6244 offers benefit in some patients with IRPTC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 18051: Engineering of Functional Cardiac Tissue Patch with Realistic Myofiber Orientations
Authors: Weining Bian, Brian Liau, Nima Badie, Nenad Bursac
Journal: Circulation (2010)

To maximize the potential to repair cardiac damage without causing arrhythmias, tissue engineered cardiac patches should not only contain dense, well-coupled and differentiated cardiomyocytes, but ...
Loss of Adrenergic Augmentation of Diastolic Intra-LV Pressure Difference in Patients With Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Takahiro Ohara, Cassie L. Niebel, Kelley C. Stewart, John J. Charonko, Min Pu, Pavlos P. Vlachos, William C. Little
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)