tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Roger Martin Ewart Seal
Authors: A. R. Gibbs
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Roger Martin Ewart Seal was educated at Llandovery College and qualified from the University of Wales College of Medicine in 1945. During his training he was an enthusiastic and skilled rugby player, famously playing for the “Meds” team that beat the full Cardiff side. He later became secretary and president of the Cardiff Medicals Rugby Football …
Turning off the lights in Northern Ireland
Authors: G. Gardiner
Journal: BMJ (1997)

At Christmas the lights in Belfast were switched on by bubbly children's television presenter Zoe Ball. This was in stark contrast to the celebrity in 1995–the president of the United States, Bill Clinton. Having the leader of the most powerful nation in the world to switch on the Christmas lights is a great honour for a small country like ours and a difficult act to follow. It was inevitable that last year's guest would appear lightweight in comparison, but surely this difference in status mirrors the change in fortune of Ulster itself over the intervening 12 months. One year ago the mood of the city in the pre-Christmas shopping frenzy was optimistic, and spirits were high—higher than elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Since then we have witnessed the failure of a peace process, terrorist explosions in London and Manchester, and an attack on an army base near Belfast. So a shadow was cast over Christmas 1996.

People from both communities reacted to each setback with shock, disbelief, and then resignation as the usual factions …
John Richard Theobalds
Authors: J. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former consultant psychiatrist Lancaster Health Authority (b 1923; q Westminster Hospital, London, 1947; FRCPsych), died from lung cancer on 28 June 2002.

After national service at a military hospital in Egypt, John became a senior registrar in general medicine before changing to psychiatry. His particular interest was alcoholism and drug abuse, and he opened Harvey House as a specialised unit at Lancaster Moor Hospital. He was a founder trustee and committee member of Inward House (a residential therapeutic community for the rehabilitation of drug and solvent misusers). John loved sport and once had a trial to play soccer for Chelsea. Predeceased by his first wife, he leaves his second wife, Brenda.
Letter from Dublin: Hibernian mores--hypocrisy or reality?
Authors: E. T O'Brien
Journal: BMJ (1976)

To countries such as Britain with liberal policies in contracep- tion, divorce, and abortion, Ireland's legislation in these matters must seem almost mediaeval.There has been much heated debate about contraception and divorce in Ireland in recent years, and for many the controversy has been a source of moral confusion and anguish.And, of course, moral issues in the Republic have assumed greater political significance since the conflict in Northern Ireland.The government, the Catholic Church, the medical and legal professions, and interested social and religious groups have all contributed to what has often been an acrimonious debate characterised at times by bigoted self- righteousness and a lack of tolerance for conflicting viewpoints.Those calling for liberal legislation are frustrated by lack of progress, whereas the conservative elements of society view the proposed reforms with the gravest concern.Nevertheless, in spite of the doctrinaire differences which exist, it is remarkable how much change has occurred through compromise within the framework of the existing restrictive legislation.To some these changes are little more than hypocritical, but to others they are seen as a subtle way of achieving an end without worrying too deeply about the means.
Monomeric and Polymeric Gram-Negative Peptidoglycan but Not Purified LPS Stimulate the Drosophila IMD Pathway
Authors: Takashi Kaneko, William E Goldman, Peter Mellroth, Håkan Steiner, Koichi Fukase, Shoichi Kusumoto, William Harley, Alvin Fox, Douglas Golenbock, Neal Silverman
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Risk Factors for Meningococcal Disease in College Students
Authors: Michael G. Bruce
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Elevated rates of meningococcal disease were noted among 18- to 22-year-olds in the mid-1990s. However, national data on rates of meningococcal disease in US college students were not collected until 1998.To determine rates of meningococcal disease in US college students and to identify risk factors for meningococcal disease in this population.Prospective surveillance study with nested case-control study of US college students with meningococcal infection from September 1, 1998, to August 31, 1999. Fifty state health departments and 231 college health centers participated.Incidence of and risk factors for meningococcal disease in US college students.Ninety-six cases of meningococcal disease were identified. The incidence rate for undergraduates was 0.7 per 100 000 persons vs 1.4 per 100 000 for the general population of 18- to 23-year-old nonstudents (P<.001). Freshmen living in dormitories had the highest incidence rate at 5.1 per 100 000. Of the 79 case-patients for whom information was available, 54 (68%) had illness due to vaccine-preventable meningococcal serogroups. On multivariable analysis of case-control study data, freshmen who lived in dormitories had an elevated risk of meningococcal disease (matched odds ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-8.5; P =.003) compared with other college students.Freshmen who live in dormitories have an independent, elevated risk of meningococcal disease compared with other college students. Use of the currently available quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine among college students could substantially decrease their risk of meningococcal disease.
Reactive arthritis associated with campylobacter enteritis.
Authors: J M Gumpel, C Martin, P J Sanderson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Campylobacter enteritis is a known aetiological factor in reactive arthritis. We surveyed patients in the Harrow Health District known to have had campylobacter enteritis for manifestations of arthritis. Acute attacks of arthritis occurred in 8 of 33 adults admitted with enteritis. None were identified in patients under 16 or in those diagnosed in the community.
THE SEMINAR METHOD IN MEDICAL TEACHING.
Authors: BAYARD HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The present is a time of great change in methods, as well as in the principles of pedagogy in our medical schools. The extent of medical science is so great that no individual can expect to be master of the whole field. The duration of the course preparatory to the practice of medicine is now long enough, and the preliminary education is now thorough enough to allow the best methods of study to be used. For a certain part of the medical curriculum there is no plan of teaching which promises so much as the seminar. In previous publications<sup>1</sup>I have called attention to my own efforts in this direction. It is my purpose here to make another plea for the more general adoption of the seminar, in teaching almost any topic of interest to the student. In order that we may understand each other, let me say that
Psychoanalytic and Behavioristic Approaches Toward Depression: A Synthesis?
Authors: WALLACE WILKINS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Psychoanalytic and behavioristic explanations of psychopathological states are considered mutually incompatible. Despite this tradition of opposition, the psychoanalytic explanation of depression as a loss of object gratification is similar to the behavioristic description of it as a decrease in reinforcement. Sharing concepts and focusing on basic similarities between the two schools may be mutually profitable.
Pitfalls in Normalization of RBC Volume to Body Weight
Authors: S. D. Sarkar, G. Tronco, M. A. Torres, C. J. Palestro, K. Bhargava
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Sarkar, S. D.; Tronco, G.; Torres, M. A.; Palestro, C. J.; Bhargava, K. Author Information
TREATMENT OF CHOLERA.
Authors: J. R. Uhler
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Baltimore, Aug. 29, 1884. <h3>Dear Doctor:</h3> —While thanking you for publishing my note on Asiatic Cholera and the trouble you have taken to criticise it, I cannot refrain from drawing attention to certain facts that from haste seem to have been misunderstood. In the first place you say that "all these suggestions are founded on the assumption that the chief danger from cholera is in the loss of the water and salts of the blood, leaving that fluid too viscid to circulate." Now I wish it to be distinctly understood that I made<i>directly</i>no such assertion, but admit of course the importance of supplying liquid to help circulation, and think there are other circumstances that I am about to specify that are equally or more important. Prominent among these is a poisonous condition, leading to collapse in the last stages of cholera, typhus, yellow fever and Bright's disease, known
Haemoglobin Stanleyville II ( 78 Asparagine-&gt;Lysine)
Authors: G. Van Ros, D. Beale, H. Lehmann
Journal: BMJ (1968)

A fourth observation of haemoglobin Stanleyville II has been made. The affected person was a 17-year-old female from the north-eastern area of the Congo Republic, which is entirely inhabited by Nilotes. The amino-acid substitution was found to be a replacement of the asparagine residue by one of lysine in the 78th position of the 141 of the alpha-chain.
Abstract 3899: PCB153-induced angiogenesis depends on redoxsensitive Pyk2 signaling.
Authors: Jayanta K. Das, Quentin H. Felty
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Estrogenic chemicals have been shown to increase the expression of the growth factor VEGF in breast cancer cells. Hence, there is some concern that environmental exposure to estrogenic chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may excacerbate the growth of breast cancer via angiogenesis. Highly metastatic breast cancer cells exposed to PCB153 have been reported to produce a significantly greater amount of ROS compared to non-metastatic breast cancer cells. A number of paracrine effects have been reported in tumors exposed to estrogen, however, the role of estrogen-induced ROS in signaling tumor angiogenesis remains to be defined. We previously reported that PCB-induced angiogenesis can be blocked by Pyk2 siRNA. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine whether Pyk2 small molecule inhibitors block PCB-induced vascularization in a 3-D breast tumor model. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) or brain microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) were used to study the effect of small molecule inhibitors. The effect of Pyk2 inhibition on breast tumor spheroid angiogenesis was tested in a 3-D co-culture of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to PCB153 produced ROS most likely H2O2; therefore we determined whether external H2O2 exposure increased DNA synthesis of vascular endothelial cells. Our results showed a significant increase in DNA synthesis from exposure to H2O2 for 18hrs. Breast tumor spheroids treated with PF431396 or Pyk2 siRNA showed a significant reduction in microvessel sprouting and length when compared to control. Confocal microscopy of endothelial cells co-cultured with smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts further showed a significant increase in endothelial cell branching when exposed to PCB153. The effects of PCB153 on endothelial cells in co-culture were inhibited by treatments with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. We have provided evidence for the role of Pyk2 redox signaling in the aggressive angiogenic phenotype of endothelial cells. Our results suggest that metastatic breast cancer cells exposed to PCBs release ROS that may directly activate the redox sensitive kinase Pyk2 in neighboring endothelial cells. Consequently, Pyk2 redox signaling in neighboring endothelial cells may promote the aggressive spread of breast cancer. Citation Format: Jayanta K. Das, Quentin H. Felty. PCB153-induced angiogenesis depends on redoxsensitive Pyk2 signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3899. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3899
Use of Lucozade and glucagon by ambulance staff for treating hypoglycaemia.
Authors: J. M. Steel, J. Allwinkle, R. Moffat, D. J. Carrington
Journal: BMJ (1992)

In group 1, 17 of 23 patients (74%) had no complica- tions.The wound broke down in four patients after removal of sutures.Although these patients had no clinical evidence of infection, wound cultures grew aerobic and anaerobic organisms in three of the four cases.Two other patients required early removal of sutures on the second and ninth postoperative days for wound haematoma and wound infection respectively.There was no evidence of recurrence in either group at six and 12 months follow up.
False-Positive Result in 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT Due to Incidental and Ectopic Parathyroid Hyperplasia
Authors: Thomas Cazaentre, Florence Clivaz, Frédéric Triponez
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

PET/CT with F-fluorocholine (a positron-labeled choline analog) is currently used as a diagnostic tool for restaging prostate cancer patients with increasing prostate-specific antigen. We present an unusual case of a false-positive result using F-fluorocholine PET/CT because of incidental and ectopic parathyroid hyperplasia.
Results of Surgical Treatment for Congenital Aortic Stenosis
Authors: F. HENRY ELLIS, PATRICK A. ONGLEY, JOHN W. KIRKLIN
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Open operation by means of extracorporeal circulation has been used on 47 patients with congenital aortic stenosis at the Mayo Clinic between April 1955 and July 1, 1960; 33 patients had valvular stenosis, 11 had subvalvular stenosis, and three had supravalvular stenosis. The over-all operative mortality rate was 13 per cent; 6 per cent of patients with valvular aortic stenosis died in the hospital. Severe aortic insufficiency did not develop in any patient operated on for valvular aortic stenosis although a diastolic murmur was present after operation in some. Rarely, however, was the transvalvular gradient completely eliminated by operation although 90 per cent of the surviving patients were either asymptomatic or had definite clinical improvement. Late follow-up hemodynamic studies suggest that a persistent transvalvular gradient may regress in time. Relief of obstruction caused by subvalvular variety of aortic stenosis is difficult whether stenosis is localized or diffuse. Even in this gruop, however, it has been possible to achieve good results with careful attention to certain technical details. Patients with congenital aortic stenosis should be operated on before the development of the sequelae of severe left ventricular hypertension.
Reform of undergraduate medical teaching in the United Kingdom: Evangelism triumphs over common sense for ophthalmology
Authors: Michael P Clarke
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Governance of academic medicine should be with public trusteesEditor-Many of the problems arising in academic medicine are due to the divergence of academic goals and the values of society.Academic institutions are not currently governed in a way that fosters a strong and healthy alliance with government and the population at large, and there is a failure to support satisfactorily the public interest against vested and other competing interests. 1e suggest that a good first step is to turn over the governance of academic medicine to public trustees with protected authority.Public trustees must ensure that the three familiar goals of research, teaching, and patient care are supplemented by the unsung fourth goal of community service.Moreover, trustees have the right to insist that most of the research and teaching programmes in academic medicine be placed in the context of the health needs of the entire population.It is also time to reform the governance of medical schools.We suggest that it fosters tunnel vision for the dean when the executive committee of the medical school is composed primarily of department chairpeople whose main responsibility is the welfare of individual departments, not the mission of the school as a whole.We advocate instead an executive committee comprising senior faculty and public representatives, while excluding department heads.If academic medicine exists to promote the public interest, is it not time to grant patients and the public at large a controlling interest in setting priorities and overseeing operations?
Bear Meat Trichinosis
Authors: PAUL S. CLARK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

An outbreak of trichinosis associated with the ingestion of bear meat occurred in Anchorage, Alaska, during July and August 1968. Of the 30 persons who ate the bear meat, three developed clinical trichinosis, and two showed serologic evidence of subclinical infection. The symptoms remitted with administration of thiabendazole. Viable larvae were observed in the meat after 81 days of storage at — 18 °C [0 °F], indicating that heat and not cold inactivation may be necessary to prevent trichinosis from infected arctic bears. Bentonite flocculation, latex agglutination, and charcoal-card flocculation tests of serums from 30 persons in this outbreak and of serums from 15 persons infected with trichinosis 9 years previously showed that the charcoal flocculation test is a sensitive indicator of clinical and subclinical infection.
Re: Nicola Nicolai, Rosalba Miceli, Andrea Necchi, et al. Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection With No Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumours: Long-Term Outcome and Analysis of Risk Factors of Recurrence. Eur Urol 2010;58:912–8
Authors: Ilker Akyol, Hasan Soydan, Ferhat Ates
Journal: European Urology (2011)
423 A randomized trial of peginteferon alfa-2B and lamivudine combination treatment versus lamivudine monotherapy in Chinese patients with HBEAG-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: H.L.Y. Chan, N.W.Y. Leung, A.Y. Hui, C.T. Liew, A.M.L. Chim, F.K.L. Chan, L.C.T. Hung, J.J.Y. Sung
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Increased mortality associated with Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with congestive heart failure.
Authors: P J Hanly, N S Zuberi-Khokhar
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We hypothesized that mortality is higher in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) who develop Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) during sleep than CHF patients without CSR. Overnight polysomnography was performed on 16 male patients with chronic, stable CHF: nine had CSR during sleep (CSR group) and seven did not (CHF group). The CSR group had a higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI: 41 +/- 17 versus 6 +/- 5/hr) and experienced greater sleep disruption. There were no significant intergroup differences between age, weight, cardiac function, and pulmonary function. After the initial sleep study, all patients were maintained on standard medical therapy for CHF without supplemental oxygen or nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Over the next 3.1 to 4.5 yr there was a significant difference between the number of deaths in each group. Five patients died in the CSR group and two received a heart transplant, whereas only one patient died in the CHF group. Regression analysis revealed that mortality was positively correlated with CSR, AHI, arousal index, and the amount of stage 1, 2 non-REM sleep and was inversely related to the total sleep time. We conclude that mortality is higher in CHF patients who develop CSR during sleep than CHF patients without CSR. Although the development of CSR may simply reflect more severe cardiac impairment, we suggest that CSR itself accelerates the deterioration in cardiac function.
The Patient-Physician Covenant: An Affirmation of Asklepios
Authors: Christine K. Cassel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Medicine is, at its center, a moral enterprise grounded in a covenant of trust. This covenant obliges physicians to be competent and to use their competence in the patient's best interests. Physicians, therefore, are both intellectually and morally obliged to act as advocates for the sick wherever their welfare is threatened and for their health at all times. Today, this covenant of trust is significantly threatened.From within, there is growing legitimation of the physician's materialistic self-interest; from without, for-profit forces press the physician into the role of commercial agent to enhance the profitability of health care organizations. Such distortions of the physician's responsibility degrade the physician–patient relationship that is the central element and structure of clinical care. To capitulate to these alterations of the trust relationship is to significantly alter the physician's role as healer, carer, helper, and advocate for the sick and for the health of all. By its traditions and very nature, medicine is a special kind of human activity-one that cannot be pursued effectively without the virtues of humility, honesty, intellectual integrity, compassion, and effacement of excessive self-interest. These traits mark physicians as members of a moral community dedicated to something other than its own self-interest. Our first obligation must be to serve the good of those persons who seek our help and trust us to provide it.Physicians, as physicians, are not, and must never be, commercial entrepreneurs, gateclosers, or agents of fiscal policy that runs counter to our trust. Any defection from primacy of the patient's well-being places the patient at risk by treatment that may compromise quality of or access to medical care. We believe the medical profession must reaffirm the primacy of its obligation to the patient through national, state, and local professional societies; our academic, research, and hospital organizations; and especially through personal behavior.As advocates for the promotion of health and support of the sick, we are called upon to discuss, defend, and promulgate medical care by every ethical means available. Only by caring and advocating for the patient can the integrity of our profession be affirmed. Thus we honor our covenant of trust with patients.