tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED RECTAL OPERATING TABLE.
Authors: W. I. LeFEVRE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Since publishing a description of my table in the<i>Medical Record</i>several years ago the table has been remodeled and improved as shown in the following illustrations: Figure 1 shows a front view of the table. Figure 2 shows a back view with the side shelf folded down and the leg rests up in position. The leg rests are adjustable as to height, the padded pieces being hinged on the round supports so that they automatically adjust themselves to the leg, thus assuring a comfortable position. At the same time the buttocks are brought to the end of the table, making the parts easy of access for the operator. When the side shelf is adjusted and locked in position, as shown in Figure 3, and the top tipped to an angle of 90 degrees, the patient is then in position for a proctoscopic examination. With the patient in the Sims
Endothelin System: The Double-Edged Sword in Health and Disease
Authors: Rafal M Kedzierski, Masashi Yanagisawa
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2001)

The endothelin system consists of two G-protein-coupled receptors, three peptide ligands, and two activating peptidases. Its pharmacological complexity is reflected by the diverse expression pattern of endothelin system components, which have a variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles. In the vessels, the endothelin system has a basal vasoconstricting role and participates in the development of diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the heart, the endothelin system affects inotropy and chronotropy, and it mediates cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling in congestive heart failure. In the lungs, the endothelin system regulates the tone of airways and blood vessels, and it is involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension. In the kidney, it controls water and sodium excretion and acid-base balance, and it participates in acute and chronic renal failure. In the brain, the endothelin system modulates cardiorespiratory centers and the release of hormones. More advanced functional analysis of the endothelin system awaits not only additional pharmacological studies using highly specific endothelin antagonists but also the generation of genetically altered rodent models with conditional loss-of-function and gain-of-function manipulations.
A different kind of day hospital--for patients with preterminal cancer and chronic disease.
Authors: E Wilkes, A G Crowther, C W Greaves
Journal: BMJ (1978)

A new day hospital has been set up in Sheffield for patients with preterminal cancer and chronic disease. During the first 26 months 197 patients with cancer and 66 chronically sick patients attended. Of the 2701 attendances by patients with cancer, breast cancer accounted for 38%. One hundred and forty of the patients with cancer died, 83% in the terminal-care unit and 12% at home. Ninety per cent of respondents to a questionnaire thought that the support provided was of great importance to both patient and family; and over two-thirds of the patients were said to have benefited from improved control of symptoms. A similar facility could be developed within existing day hospitals without major revenue consequences, and should produce a genuine improvement in care. This study suggests, however, that it would not shorten the terminal stay in hospital.
Effect of Ventilatory Drive on Carbon Dioxide Sensitivity below Eupnea during Sleep
Authors: Hideaki Nakayama, Curtis A. Smith, Joshua R. Rodman, James B. Skatrud, Jerome A. Dempsey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

We determined the effects of changing ventilatory stimuli on the hypocapnia-induced apneic and hypopneic thresholds in sleeping dogs. End-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PetCO2) was gradually reduced during non–rapid eye movement sleep by increasing tidal volume with pressure support mechanical ventilation, causing a reduction in diaphragm electromyogram amplitude until apnea/periodic breathing occurred. We used the reduction in PetCO2 below spontaneous breathing required to produce apnea (ΔPetCO2) as an index of the susceptibility to apnea. ΔPetCO2 was −5 mm Hg in control animals and changed in proportion to background ventilatory drive, increasing with metabolic acidosis (−6.7 mm Hg) and nonhypoxic peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation (almitrine; −5.9 mm Hg) and decreasing with metabolic alkalosis (−3.7 mm Hg). Hypoxia was the exception; ΔPetCO2 narrowed (−4.1 mm Hg) despite the accompanying hyperventilation. Thus, hyperventilation and hypocapnia, per se, widened the ΔPetCO2 thereby protecting against apnea and hypopnea, whereas reduced ventilatory drive and hypoventilation narrowed the ΔPetCO2 and increased the susceptibility to apnea. Hypoxia sensitized the ventilatory responsiveness to CO2 below eupnea and narrowed the ΔPetCO2; this effect of hypoxia was not attributable to an imbalance between peripheral and central chemoreceptor stimulation, per se. We conclude that the ΔPetCO2 and the ventilatory sensitivity to CO2 between eupnea and the apneic threshold are changeable in the face of variations in the magnitude, direction, and/or type of ventilatory stimulus, thereby altering the susceptibility for apnea, hypopnea, and periodic breathing in sleep.
A New Generation Of Monoclonal Antibodies Arrives At the Clinic
Authors: C. McNeil
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article A New Generation Of Monoclonal Antibodies Arrives At the Clinic Get access Caroline McNeil Caroline McNeil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 22, 15 November 1995, Pages 1658–1660, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.22.1658 Published: 15 November 1995
Unilateral Renal Agenesis in a Family with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Fausto Loré, Giovanni Di Cairano, Filotas Talidis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: Germ-line mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are associated with various disease phenotypes including familial medullary thyroid carcinoma and Hirschsprung's disease.1 Studies have ...
Clostridium difficile Colitis: Causes, Cures
Authors: Phillip Periman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their excellent article on<i>C difficile</i>colitis Fekety and Shah<sup>1</sup>omit any reference to preventing the nosocomial spread of the organism. McFarland et al<sup>2</sup>cultured<i>C difficile</i>from the hands of 59% of the hospital personnel caring for patients with<i>C difficile</i>infections. This group identified<i>C difficile</i>as the cause of 20% of all nosocomial diarrhea cases.<sup>3</sup> Most attempts to control the transmission of<i>C difficile</i>have been unsuccessful. However, in a prospective, controlled study of the use of vinyl gloves to inhibit nosocomial transmission of<i>C difficile</i>, Johnson et al<sup>4</sup>demonstrated a decrease of<i>C difficile</i>diarrhea from 7.7 cases per 1000 patient discharges to 1.5 cases per 1000 during a 6-month period. The use of disposable vinyl gloves should be routine for any person contacting any body substances of patients with<i>C difficile</i>diarrhea.
Supraventricular Origin of Bidirectional Tachycardia
Authors: STAFFORD I. COHEN, PANAGIOTIS VOUKYDIS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

We have confirmed a supraventricular origin of bidirectional tachycardia with simultaneous standard electrocardiograms and a His bundle electrogram. The patient had sinus rhythm, variable trifascicular block and atrioventricular block below the His bundle. Ventricular excitation varied among three patterns which included right bundle branch block with right axis deviation (RBBB-RAD), right bundle branch block with left axis deviation (RBBB-LAD), and right axis deviation without right bundle branch block (RAD). Sinus beats with alternating patterns of RBBB-RAD and RBBB-LAD resulted in bidirectional tachycardia as did sinus beats with alternating patterns of RBBB-LAD and RAD. Our observations prove that bidirectional tachycardia may be initiated by a supraventricular pacemaker and that the distinguishing bidirectional quality of this arrhythmia need not always occur with constant right bundle branch block.
An Ovarian Hormone
Authors: Edgar Allen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The fact that double ovariectomy abolishes the cyclic changes which normally occur in the genital tract of female mammals demonstrates that these changes are due to some influence from the ovaries. That this influence is hormonal in nature is indicated by the maintenance of cyclic changes by autotransplantation of the ovaries to other sites in the body. 1 Many attempts have been made to localize the seat of production of an internal secretion in definite ovarian structures. The follicles, the corpora lutea 2 developing in them after ovulation, and the interstitial tissue 3 have all been cited as possible sources, and many different ovarian preparations have been used clinically in the belief that therapeutic effects were being secured from accompanying hormones.  But there appears to be no conclusive evidence of either a definite localization of the hypothetic hormone or of the specific effect claimed for the commercial ovarian extracts in
Book Notice on Medicine: Preserving the Passion
Authors: J. Philip Clarke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1988Book Notice on Medicine: Preserving the PassionJ. Philip Clarke, MDJ. Philip Clarke, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-5-438_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Having worked with Dr. Phil Manning while he was writing his recent book Medicine: Preserving the Passion (1) and being privy to his thoughts about it, I must express disappointment with the book review that appeared in the February 1988 issue. The book is intended to be a practical guide for the clinician, since it describes techniques and methods that physicians in practice can use to improve knowledge and enhance skills. The book is not mainly directed towards physicians "with an academic interest in the process and content of medical education."The authors intended to show that...Reference1. Medicine: preserving the passion [Book Note]. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:317. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver, CO 80262 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1988Volume 109, Issue 5Page: 438-438KeywordsMedical education Issue Published: 1 September 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
What is the significance of cross-national variability in sociosexuality?
Authors: Andrew Clark, Martin Daly
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Schmitt finds that national sex ratios predict levels of sociosexuality, but how we should interpret this result is unclear for both methodological and conceptual reasons. We criticize aspects of Schmitt's theorizing and his analytic strategy, and suggest that some additional analyses of the data in hand might be illuminating.
Are sports medicine journals relevant and applicable to practitioners and athletes?
Authors: C Bleakley, D MacAuley, S McDonough
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

To examine the evidence base of sports medicine research and assess how relevant and applicable it is to everyday practice.Original research articles, short reports, and case reports published in four major sport and exercise medicine journals were studied and classified according to the main topic of study and type of subjects used.The most common topic was sports science, and very few studies related to the treatment of injuries and medical conditions. The majority of published articles used healthy subjects sampled from the sedentary population, and few studies have been carried out on injured participants.There is a dearth of studies addressing diagnostic and treatment interventions in the sports medicine literature. The evidence base for sports medicine must continue to increase in terms of volume and quality.
How long does the effect of birch pollen injection SIT on apple allergy last?
Authors: R. Asero
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Recent studies showed that injection specific immunotherapy (SIT) with birch pollen extract greatly reduces or cures the associated apple allergy in a large proportion of birch pollen-allergic patients. However, the long-term efficacy of SIT for apple allergy has not been assessed.To evaluate the duration of the effect of injection SIT with birch pollen extract on apple allergy in birch pollen-allergic patients.Thirty birch pollen-allergic patients showing both the clinical disappearance of apple allergy and a negative SPT with fresh apple at the end of their injection SIT course were followed-up at 12-month intervals from 6 months after SIT was stopped. Apple tolerance as well as SPT was assessed on all occasions. Fifty-seven birch pollen-allergic subjects without apple allergy and not submitted to SIT regularly followed-up for the onset of oral allergy syndrome (OAS) were used as controls.The overall prevalence of OAS after 30 months of follow-up did not differ between patients and controls. Although most patients became re-sensitized to apple by SPT over time, >50% of them were still able to tolerate eating the fruit at the 30-month follow-up visit.Although most patients show a 'natural', gradual propensity to apple re-sensitization (a consequence of prolonged and repeated inhalation of birch pollen responsible for primary sensitization?), the clinical effects of injection SIT on food allergy seem rather long lasting.
Impact of early nutrition and feeding route on outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients with shock: a post hoc marginal structural model study
Authors: Jean Reignier, Michael Darmon, Romain Sonneville, Anne-Laure Borel, Maité Garrouste-Orgeas, Stéphane Ruckly, Bertrand Souweine, Anne-Sylvie Dumenil, Hakim Haouache, Christophe Adrie, Laurent Argaud, Lilia Soufir, Guillaume Marcotte, Virginie Laurent, Dany Goldgran-Toledano, Christophe Clec’h, Carole Schwebel, Elie Azoulay, Jean-François Timsit
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
The Diagnosis of Bleeding Disorders
Authors: Oscar D. Ratnoff
Journal: JAMA (1970)

"Our book deals with the laboratory diagnosis of all the major bleeding disorders, based on a clinical approach... We have tried to be practical and have aimed our remarks at the clinical pathologist, the hematologist, and the medical technologist." Thus the authors summarize the latest entry to the expanding field of books on hemorrhagic disease. This is a fine volume, and I think that the authors have met their goals. No one can be admitted to the sacred blood rites of "clottology" without demonstrating his disdain for his fellow coagulationists, but, risking expulsion from the clan, I must state that I enjoyed this volume, which I read word by word and cover to cover. Three major strengths commend this book. The authors begin with a superior history of the field. They then describe in meticulous detail the laboratory procedures used at the Mayo Clinic. And they provide many interesting case
Cardiac Dyssynchrony Analysis Using Circumferential Versus Longitudinal Strain
Authors: Robert H. Helm, Christophe Leclercq, Owen P. Faris, Cengizhan Ozturk, Elliot McVeigh, Albert C. Lardo, David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation (2005)

QRS duration is commonly used to select heart failure patients for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, not all patients respond to CRT, and recent data suggest that direct assessments of mechanical dyssynchrony may better predict chronic response. Echo-Doppler methods are being used increasingly, but these principally rely on longitudinal motion (epsilonll). It is unknown whether this analysis yields qualitative and/or quantitative results similar to those based on motion in the predominant muscle-fiber orientation (circumferential; epsiloncc).Both epsilonll and epsiloncc strains were calculated throughout the left ventricle from 3D MR-tagged images for the full cardiac cycle in dogs with cardiac failure and a left bundle conduction delay. Dyssynchrony was assessed from both temporal and regional strain variance analysis. CRT implemented by either biventricular (BiV) or left ventricular-only (LV) pacing enhanced systolic function similarly and correlated with improved dyssynchrony based on epsiloncc-based metrics. In contrast, longitudinal-based analyses revealed significant resynchronization with BiV but not LV for the overall cycle and correlated poorly with global functional benefit. Furthermore, unlike circumferential analysis, epsilonll-based indexes indicated resynchronization in diastole but much less in systole and had a lower dynamic range and higher intrasubject variance.Dyssynchrony assessed by longitudinal motion is less sensitive to dyssynchrony, follows different time courses than those from circumferential motion, and may manifest CRT benefit during specific cardiac phases depending on pacing mode. These results highlight potential limitations to epsilonll-based analyses and support further efforts to develop noninvasive synchrony measures based on circumferential deformation.
NOTES ON THE PRESENT EPIDEMIC OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Authors: SOLOMON STROUSE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

From September 20 to October 31, we saw both in our services at the Michael Reese Hospital and in private practice approximately 500 cases of epidemic respiratory disease. The various forms of onset will easily fall into three groups: the first characterized by symptoms of a more or less severe coryza, the second by varying degrees of prostration, backache, headache, chilly sensations and elevated temperature, and the third by a feeling of indefinite discomfort, with no fever, but in a few hours a definite rise of temperature. Careful examination at the beginning of the disease, in all cases, usually revealed few signs, except for a slight reddening of the anterior pillars of the pharynx, and in many instances an intense congestion of the conjunctivae. Many patients who were coughing violently showed no signs of bronchial involvement, the cough probably being due to an intense congestion of the trachea. However, in
US calls in UK advisers on handling thorny issue of genetics
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The United States, faced with dealing with the ethical and social issues implicit in the new biotechnologies—embryo research, human cloning, stem cell research, the use of genetic information, and sex selection—has turned to Britain's experience in an attempt to resolve these contentious issues.

The US President's Council on Bioethics last week heard from two British experts on how the United Kingdom went about tackling such issues.

Baroness Helena Kennedy QC, chairwoman of the Human Genetics Commission, which advises the UK government on these issues, and Suzi Leather, chairwoman of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, which licenses and regulates research in embryonic cells, reviewed for the council the work of the two …
988 SUSTAINED VIRAL RESPONSE (SVR) IS DEPENDENT ON BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS IN THE RETREATMENT OF PREVIOUS ALFA INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN (I/R) NONRESPONDERS (NR): FINAL RESULTS FROM THE EPIC3 PROGRAM
Authors: T. Poynard, E. Schiff, R. Terg, R. Moreno Otero, S. Flamm, W. Schmidt, T. Berg, F. Goncales, J. Heathcote, M. Diago, T. McGarrity, P. Bedossa, W. Deng, P. Mukhopadhyay, L. Griffel, M. Burroughs, C. Brass, J.K. Albrecht
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Sirolimus and Secondary Skin-Cancer Prevention in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Sylvie Euvrard, Emmanuel Morelon, Lionel Rostaing, Eric Goffin, Anabelle Brocard, Isabelle Tromme, Nilufer Broeders, Veronique del Marmol, Valérie Chatelet, Anne Dompmartin, Michèle Kessler, Andreas L. Serra, Günther F.L. Hofbauer, Claire Pouteil-Noble, Josep M. Campistol, Jean Kanitakis, Adeline S. Roux, Evelyne Decullier, Jacques Dantal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Transplant recipients in whom cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas develop are at high risk for multiple subsequent skin cancers. Whether sirolimus is useful in the prevention of secondary skin cancer has not been assessed.
A Comparison of Direct and Indirect Blood-Pressure Determinations
Authors: L. N. ROBERTS, J. R. SMILEY, G. W. MANNING
Journal: Circulation (1953)

In this study a comparison between direct and indirect methods of obtaining blood pressure has been made. A statistical analysis of the data supports the view that the muffling of sounds, or the fourth phase of Korotkow, bears a closer and more constant relationship to diastolic pressure measured directly. This report, therefore, recommends the acceptance of muffling of the sounds of Korotkow as the measure of diastolic pressure.
Abstract 3974: A comprehensive resequence-analysis of 250kb region of 8q24 in Africans
Authors: Charles C. Chung, Ann W. Hsing, Meredith Yeager, Edward Yeboah, Richard Biritwum, Yao Tettey, Andrew Adjei, Angelo De Marzo, George J. Netto, William B. Isaacs, Sarah D. Isaacs, Joseph Boland, Stephen J. Chanock
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 45 prostate cancer susceptibility variants, of which at least 5 independent loci were identified within a 654kb region on 8q24. This region also harbors additional loci associated with cancers of the breast, colon, bladder, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Previously, the linkage disequilibrium (LD) pattern and recombination hotspots (chr8:128050768-128300801, hg19) defined a 250kb span (region 2) harboring multiple prostate cancer susceptibility loci identified in multiple distinct populations, as well as a locus rs2456449 associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Europeans. Because GWAS identify genetic markers, fine-mapping using sequence analysis in diverse populations is necessary for defining the optimal variants for biological follow-up. Sequence analysis in populations of distinct ancestry can provide important insights into the differences of LD patterns and thus narrow down high interest variants. In the present study, we have resequenced the region in 125 men of African ancestry, which included 78 individuals from a population-based study in Ghana and 47 African-American individuals from the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Upon comparison with 1000 Genomes data (Oct 2011 release), we have identified 365 novel loci and additional surrogates of known susceptibility loci which could be important in establishing priorities for future functional work, designed to explain the biological basis of the association signal for both prostate cancer and perhaps, chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3974. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3974
Soluble interleukin-6 receptor is elevated during influenza A virus infection and mediates the IL-6 and IL-32 inflammatory cytokine burst
Authors: Jun Wang, Qing Wang, Tao Han, Yong-Kui Li, Sheng-Li Zhu, Fang Ao, Jian Feng, Ming-Zhen Jing, Li Wang, Lin-Bai Ye, Ying Zhu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
Pretreatment with CO-releasing molecules suppresses hepcidin expression during inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress through inhibition of the STAT3 and CREBH pathways
Authors: Da-Yong Shin, Jihwa Chung, Yeonsoo Joe, Hyun-Ock Pae, Ki Churl Chang, Gyeong Jae Cho, Stefan W. Ryter, Hun-Taeg Chung
Journal: Blood (2012)