tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bacterial translocation: the influence of dietary variables.
Authors: E A Deitch
Journal: Gut (1994)

Transmucosal passage of bacteria in critically ill patients may lead to a significant incidence of systemic sepsis. This has attracted much clinical interest, as it has been shown that malnutrition in itself, impairs various aspects of barrier function. Bacterial translocation is increased in animal models where nutrients are given by the parenteral route, while enteral feeding reverses this. Translocation is also considerably increased in response to a non-lethal endotoxin challenge, if there is pre-existing protein energy malnutrition. Similar results have been obtained where the insult is caused by the inflammatory agent, zymosan. Dietary fibre reduces the deleterious effects of either agent on translocation, although the type of fibre is important. Bulk forming but non-fermentable fibres are more effective than easily fermentable types (for example, pectin). Glutamine was not effective in preventing elemental diet induced bacterial translocation. Thus, although fermentable fibre and glutamine have positive effects on mucosal mass, they do not affect translocation. Enteral nutrition thus seems to be superior to parenteral nutrition in maintaining the functional barrier of the gut. A clearer understanding of the physiology of these effects may lead to use of specifically modified enteral diets in the critically ill patient.
Part-time medical training: 15 years' experience in the Oxford region.
Authors: A J Swerdlow, E R Rue
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Part-time training of doctors with domestic commitments has taken place successfully in the Oxford region since 1966; 249 doctors have now passed through such training schemes and a further 120 are currently training part-time. Two training schemes are now offered for doctors at senior house officer and registrar level: one of six to eight sessions a week for those undertaking recognised training aiming for consultant or principal in general practice posts, the other of one to two sessions a week providing ad hoc training for those unable for personal reasons to follow a recognised training programme. For doctors at senior registrar level, part-time training entails five to eight sessions a week. Of the 115 doctors who have left the schemes and are now in career posts in the United Kingdom, 19% are now consultants, 30% in other hospital posts, 27% in general practice, and 18% are clinical medical officers; overall, 71% of those in career posts are working part-time. This experience shows that part-time training can be successful and that there is a continuing need for part-time career posts.
<sup>31</sup>P NMR spectroscopy of erythrocytes in congenital hemolytic anemias: Detection of heterogeneous erythrocyte populations and quantification of intracellular 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate
Authors: Richard J. Labotka, George R. Honig
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract Phosphorus‐31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were determined from intact erythrocytes of a patient with homozygous β‐thalassemia and from three patients with pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency. The intracellular 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate‐(2,3‐DPG) were mildly elevated in the thalassemia patient and in PK heterozygotes, and were markedly elevated in the PK‐deficient homozygotes. The 2,3‐DPG chemical shifts in the patients' NMR spectra were consistently positioned at a higher magnetic field than normal. When the patients with thalassemia or PK deficiency were transfused with blood from a normal donor, or when a patient's erythrocytes were mixed with normal erythrocytes, two distinct sets of 2,3‐DPG resonances appeared in the resulting spectra, allowing the simultaneous quantification of the 2,3‐DPG levels in each erythrocyte population. The ability of NMR to detect heterogeneous cell populations may be useful for the diagnosis of congenital hemolytic anemias in patients who have been transfused.
Studies Shed Light on Risks and Trends in Pediatric Antipsychotic Prescribing
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is Lifelong Anticoagulation Worth the Risk in Patients With Unprovoked DVT?
Authors: Ferdinando Cortese
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters1 December 2009Is Lifelong Anticoagulation Worth the Risk in Patients With Unprovoked DVT?Ferdinando Cortese, MDFerdinando Cortese, MDFrom Alliance Community Hospital, Alliance, OH 44601.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Goldhaber and colleagues (1) state that, based on the PREVENT (Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism) trial (2), indefinite anticoagulation with warfarin should be standard practice in unprovoked DVT. This conclusion could be challenged for several reasons. PREVENT showed a statistically significant decrease in recurrent DVT, but not in overall mortality. Of the 8 deaths in the placebo group, only 2 were due to pulmonary embolism. Furthermore, 9 placebo recipients but only 4 warfarin recipients developed cancer, indicating that the slight increase in mortality in the placebo group may be due to neoplasia. Therefore, the risk for death ...References1. Goldhaber SZ. Optimal duration of anticoagulation after venous thromboembolism: fixed and evidence-based, or flexible and personalized? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:644-6. [PMID: 19414845] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Ridker PM, Goldhaber SZ, Danielson E, Rosenberg Y, Eby CS, Deitcher SR, et al; PREVENT Investigators. Long-term, low-intensity warfarin therapy for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1425-34. [PMID: 12601075] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Alliance Community Hospital, Alliance, OH 44601.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoOptimal Duration of Anticoagulation After Venous Thromboembolism: Fixed and Evidence-Based, or Flexible and Personalized? Samuel Z. Goldhaber Is Lifelong Anticoagulation Worth the Risk in Patients With Unprovoked DVT? Samuel Z. Goldhaber Metrics 1 December 2009Volume 151, Issue 11Page: 827KeywordsConflicts of interestMorbidityPulmonary embolismVenous thromboembolism ePublished: 1 December 2009 Issue Published: 1 December 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Löffler's Pneumonia Terminating in Fatal Periarteritis Nodosa
Authors: Dalton L. Kinsella
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This patient apparently made a complete recovery from Löffler's pneumonia in 1957, but several months later began to have recurrent symptoms of wheezing and eosinophilia without further evidence of pulmonary infiltration. These occurrences were increasingly frequent during the ensuing four years, but they were always fairly mild. The persistent eosinophilia, the development of wheezing, the recurrent illnesses at closer and closer intervals, and finally the development of arthralgia, fever, neuritis, and vasculitis indicate that the original Löffler's pneumonia was related to the final fatal disease of periarteritis nodosa. This report indicates that Löffler's pneumonia is not invariably a bland disorder, but rather that it requires long-term follow-up, and possibly long-term treatment, in all cases.
A Molecular Basis for NKT Cell Recognition of CD1d-Self-Antigen
Authors: Thierry Mallevaey, Andrew J. Clarke, James P. Scott-Browne, Mary H. Young, Laila C. Roisman, Daniel G. Pellicci, Onisha Patel, Julian P. Vivian, Jennifer L. Matsuda, James McCluskey, Dale I. Godfrey, Philippa Marrack, Jamie Rossjohn, Laurent Gapin
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Hyponatraemia induced by a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene.
Authors: C J Roberts, K S Channer, D Bungay
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The donor kidney came from a 36 year old woman who had died from a subarachnoid haemorrhage and who had not had any urinary problems.The recipient of the second kidney from this donor has had normal renal function and has shown no evidence of ureteric obstruction.Intravenous urogram showing ureteric calculus originating in donor kidney.
Limiting Specific Interventions in Advance Directives
Authors: Eugene W. Lariviere
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Brett<sup>1</sup>on the limitations of health values forms is well-stated and thought-provoking. I agree that it is very important that each person state specific goals, such as relief of pain or a peaceful death. Perhaps all such lists should be preceded by a statement that requests a trial of such therapies if the proxy and the physician think it may restore a function important to the patient, such as the ability to communicate or to relieve pain. The list of specific interventions would be honored only after such a trial fails or when the patient's condition seems hopeless or when there are therapies that violate a patient's known religious beliefs. I disagree that "if proxies or physicians [can] override the patient's... choices... little reason existed to complete a detailed checklist in the first place."<sup>1</sup>If the options chosen by those making
Comparison of twice-daily ranitidine with standard cimetidine treatment of duodenal ulcer.
Authors: R P Walt, I F Trotman, R Frost, P L Golding, T H Shepherd, J Rawlings, R H Hunt, D Colin-Jones, G J Milton-Thompson, J J Misiewicz
Journal: Gut (1981)

One hundred and three outpatients with endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcer were randomly allocated to treatment with either cimetidine 200 mg tds and 400 mg nocte, or ranitidine 150 mg bd for four weeks. The endoscopists were not aware of the treatment and took no part in the clinical management. On completion of treatment ulcers had healed in 43 of 51 (84%) patients given cimetidine and in 40 of 52 (77%) patients given ranitidine. There were no serious unwanted effects in either treatment group. The results show no significant difference between healing rates after four weeks of standard cimetidine therapy or ranitidine 150 mg bd.
A serial volumetricintravascular ultrasound analysis of instent restenosis
Authors: Gaston R. Dussaillant, Gary S. Mintz, Augusto D. Pichard, Kenneth M. Kent, Lowell F. Satler, Jeffrey J. Popma, Paul Mackel, Carol Walsh, S.Chiu Wong, Carolyn Ewels, Ann Greenberg, Theresa Bucher, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Incidence of inappropriate treatment of herpes simplex keratitis with topical steroids.
Authors: C M Claoue, K E Stevenson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Enquete aupres de 200 ophtalmologistes. Bien que les effets nocifs de ces traitements inappropries soient connus depuis 30 ans, les complications sont encore tres frequentes: estimees a 750 yeux par an en Angleterre-Pays de Galles
Spontaneous opticospinal encephalomyelitis in a double-transgenic mouse model of autoimmune T cell/B cell cooperation
Authors: Gurumoorthy Krishnamoorthy, Hans Lassmann, Hartmut Wekerle, Andreas Holz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

We describe a double-transgenic mouse strain (opticospinal EAE [OSE] mouse) that spontaneously develops an EAE-like neurological syndrome closely resembling a human variant of multiple sclerosis, Devic disease (also called neuromyelitis optica). Like in Devic disease, the inflammatory, demyelinating lesions were located in the optic nerve and spinal cord, sparing brain and cerebellum, and the murine lesions showed histological similarity with their human correlates. OSE mice have recombination-competent immune cells expressing a TCR-alphabeta specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) aa 35-55 peptide in the context of I-Ab along with an Ig J region replaced by the recombined heavy chain of a monoclonal antibody binding to a conformational epitope on MOG. OSE mouse B cells bound even high dilutions of recombinant MOG, but not MOG peptide, and processed and presented it to autologous T cells. In addition, in OSE mice, but not in single-transgenic parental mice, anti-MOG antibodies were switched from IgM to IgG1.
Gene expression profiling of anti-GBM glomerulonephritis model: The role of NF-κB in immune complex kidney disease
Authors: Ju Han Kim, Il Soo Ha, Chang-Il Hwang, Young-Ju Lee, Jihoon Kim, Seung-Hee Yang, Yon Su Kim, Yun Anna Cao, Sangdun Choi, Woong-Yang Park
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Iron, radiation, and cancer.
Authors: R G Stevens, D R Kalkwarf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Increased iron content of cells and tissue may increase the risk of cancer. In particular, high available iron status may increase the risk of a radiation-induced cancer. There are two possible mechanisms for this effect: iron can catalyze the production of oxygen radicals, and it may be a limiting nutrient to the growth and development of a transformed cell in vivo. Given the high available iron content of the western diet and the fact that the world is changing to the western model, it is important to determine if high iron increases the risk of cancer.
Staging of Primary Malignancies of Bone
Authors: R. K. Heck, T. D. Peabody, M. A. Simon
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2006)

Staging of bone sarcomas is the process whereby patients are evaluated with regard to histology, as well as the local and distant extent, of disease. Bone sarcomas are staged based on grade, size, and the presence and location of metastases. The system is designed to help stratify patients according to known risk factors. Proper staging helps define the prognosis for patients and helps guide their treatment. Furthermore, staging allows meaningful comparisons to be done among groups of patients.
Compromise, Complicity, and Torture
Authors: J. Westermeyer
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Two articles in this issue ofThe Journalreflect the diverse concerns of physicians vis-á-vis torture.<sup>1,2</sup>If you have not yet rendered care to a torture survivor, you probably will. Former prisoners of war (POWs) and refugees number in several millions of people in the United States and more than 20 million refugees worldwide.<sup>3,4</sup>As the article<sup>1</sup>on the health outcomes of POWs implies, acute or subacute sequelae of torture present infrequently to clinicians in the United States. More frequent are the chronic medical, neurological, and psychiatric disorders apt to recur over a lifetime, and to become manifest years afterward in later life. Refugees and POWs from wars a half century ago may not relate their current health problems to trauma, malnutrition, and loss that occurred decades ago. Clinicians must compensate for such oversight. See also pp 375 and 396. The article<sup>2</sup>on physician complicity in torture
Tortuous common carotid artery as a cause of dysphagia
Authors: Ashish Gupta, Marc C Winslet
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Dysphagia lusoria can be caused by any type of vascular ring1 but is commonly associated with an aberrant left or right subclavian artery, a right aortic arch or a common carotid artery aneurysm.2
Correction of the Hyper-IgM Syndrome after Liver and Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Nedim Hadžić, Antonio Pagliuca, Mohamed Rela, Bernard Portmann, Alison Jones, Paul Veys, Nigel D. Heaton, Ghulam J. Mufti, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The hyper-IgM syndrome, a rare form of combined primary immunodeficiency, is characterized by neutropenia and defective B-cell isotype switching, which results in elevated or normal levels of serum IgM and low levels of serum IgG, IgA, and IgE.1 Clinically, patients with the syndrome have serious pyogenic infections caused by encapsulated bacteria, suggestive of the presence of humoral immunodeficiency. They are also susceptible to infections with intracellular pathogens such as Pneumocystis carinii, Cryptosporidium parvum, and leishmania, because of a possible defect in cellular immunity.2,3 The inheritance is usually X-linked, but autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms have also been documented. . . .
Functional specialization of human circulating CD16 and CD1c myeloid dendritic-cell subsets
Authors: Diego Piccioli, Simona Tavarini, Erica Borgogni, Veronica Steri, Sandra Nuti, Chiara Sammicheli, Monia Bardelli, Daniela Montagna, Franco Locatelli, Andreas Wack
Journal: Blood (2007)
Hospital Performance, the Local Economy, and the Local Workforce: Findings from a US National Longitudinal Study
Authors: Jan Blustein, William B. Borden, Melissa Valentine
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Pay-for-performance is an increasingly popular approach to improving health care quality, and the US government will soon implement pay-for-performance in hospitals nationwide. Yet hospital capacity to perform (and improve performance) likely depends on local resources. In this study, we quantify the association between hospital performance and local economic and human resources, and describe possible implications of pay-for-performance for socioeconomic equity.We applied county-level measures of local economic and workforce resources to a national sample of US hospitals (n = 2,705), during the period 2004-2007. We analyzed performance for two common cardiac conditions (acute myocardial infarction [AMI] and heart failure [HF]), using process-of-care measures from the Hospital Quality Alliance [HQA], and isolated temporal trends and the contributions of individual resource dimensions on performance, using multivariable mixed models. Performance scores were translated into net scores for hospitals using the Performance Assessment Model, which has been suggested as a basis for reimbursement under Medicare's "Value-Based Purchasing" program. Our analyses showed that hospital performance is substantially associated with local economic and workforce resources. For example, for HF in 2004, hospitals located in counties with longstanding poverty had mean HQA composite scores of 73.0, compared with a mean of 84.1 for hospitals in counties without longstanding poverty (p<0.001). Hospitals located in counties in the lowest quartile with respect to college graduates in the workforce had mean HQA composite scores of 76.7, compared with a mean of 86.2 for hospitals in the highest quartile (p<0.001). Performance on AMI measures showed similar patterns. Performance improved generally over the study period. Nevertheless, by 2007--4 years after public reporting began--hospitals in locationally disadvantaged areas still lagged behind their locationally advantaged counterparts. This lag translated into substantially lower net scores under the Performance Assessment Model for hospital reimbursement.Hospital performance on clinical process measures is associated with the quantity and quality of local economic and human resources. Medicare's hospital pay-for-performance program may exacerbate inequalities across regions, if implemented as currently proposed. Policymakers in the US and beyond may need to take into consideration the balance between greater efficiency through pay-for-performance and socioeconomic equity.
Torsion of the Spermatic Cord in the Newborn Infant
Authors: Luther A. Longino, Lester W. Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

TORSION of the spermatic cord in older children and young adults is a well known entity presenting a classic clinical picture with which most physicians are quite familiar. A fact that is not generally recognized is that the torsion may occur as an intrauterine phenomenon and thus present a clinical picture in the newborn infant quite different from that of torsion in older patients. Unless obstetricians and pediatricians recognize this syndrome and advise immediate surgery, atrophy of the involved testicle will invariably result.A search of the literature reveals 5 previously reported cases of torsion of the spermatic cord within . . .
Evaluating Technologies-Reply
Authors: O. B. Towery
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  In trying to support his opinion that we have reached a conclusion that medicine is too important to be left to the physicians, Dr Oxley cites only one of the three guidelines in our article for convening a panel to evaluate a technology and conveniently ignores the other two. These are (1)  panel should have sufficient expertise and experience in a particular field to judge existing evidence about a particular technology, and (2)  panel should be representative of those practitioners in the field or fields dealing with the particular disease process affected by the procedure. The whole thrust of the article is to emphasize that the medical profession should play the major role in evaluating technologies used in the practice of medicine. Nowhere do we say that this should be turned over to laymen.  The National Center for Health Care Technology views itself as a catalyst
Colorectal Cancer and the Effect of Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening
Authors: Andrew W. Swartz
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal