tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3216: The Serum of Pexelizumab-Treated ST-Segment Elevation MI Patients Reduces Complement Activation but not Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Catherine Martel, Pierre Theroux, Benoit Labarthe, Jacinthe Rivard, Arnaud Bonnefoy, Christopher B Granger, Paul W Armstrong
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objective : Complement (C) activation and apoptosis are involved in the pathophysiology of STEMI. Why C inhibition with Pexelizumab (PEX) in the APEX-AMI failed to reduce mortality in STEMI pts undergoing primary PCI is unclear. We therefore examined C activation and cell apoptosis in the serum of APEX pts in a model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Methods : Batch analyses of pre-prepared frozen serum of 45 patients from a single center obtained before initiation of PEX and 24h later before drug discontinuation were performed. An amount of 500 μl serum was added to 2 ml endothelial basal medium in HUVEC culture for 72-hour at 37°C, 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity. C4a, C3a, Bb, and MBL of proximal C, and C5a and sC5b-9, the soluble inactive form of C5b9 from the terminal C, were assessed in supernatants by CBA and ELISA assays. HUVEC-bound C5b-9, the membrane attack complex (MAC), was measured by flowcytometry. Apoptosis was quantified as % of HUVEC with DNA fragmentation after permeabilization and cells positive to annexinV and/or propidium iodide (PI). Analyses were performed blinded to treatment allocation. Results(Table ) : Basal levels of all parameters were similar in PEX (n=24) and placebo (n= 21) groups. Proximal C remained unchanged at 24 hours and unaffected by PEX. C5a, sC5b-9, and MAC all significantly increased at 24 hours in the placebo group, but were strikingly inhibited by PEX. MAC elevation correlated with C4a (r=0.322, p =0.004), C5a (0.468,&lt; 0.0001), sC5b-9 (0.490,&lt; 0.0001), and with apoptotic cell numbers by DNA fragmentation (0.449,&lt;0.0001). Despite this, PEX had no detectable effects on apoptosis. Conclusions : In this cell culture model, the serum of STEMI pts containing PEX almost completely inhibited terminal C while preserving proximal C. Why this did not translate into clinical benefit remains to be elucidated. The absence of effect on apoptosis suggests that C activation in PCI-reperfused STEMI is more a consequence than a cause of apoptosis.
Charles W. Thiery — 1850 to 1958
Authors: Paul D. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

WHAT are the reasons for survival and good health in centenarians? It is probably just as important to try to obtain correct answers to this question as it is to solve the mysteries of death from disease in early life or in middle age.Born of Huguenot stock in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on October 26, 1850, Charles Thiery was almost fatally ill with pneumonia at the age of two but survived for more than a hundred and five years longer before he did finally succumb to bronchopneumonia on March 16, 1958. In childhood, besides the usual children's diseases, he had chorea . . .
Basic Science Guides Design of New TB Vaccine Candidates
Authors: M J Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Enhanced Progesterone Receptor A expression by dietary soy in a hormone-dependent (NMU) model of rat mammary carcinogenesis: implications for tumor progression.
Authors: Bhuvanesh Dave, Renea R. Eason, S. Renee Till, Soheila Korourian, Rosalia Cm Simmen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5582 

In previous work, we showed that lifetime exposure of Sprague-Dawley rats to AIN-93G diet made with soy protein isolate (SPI) as sole protein source, protected against NMU-induced mammary tumorigenesis, relative to the control (Casein, CAS) diet. The reduction in mammary tumor incidence (by 20%) with dietary SPI mimics the low breast cancer incidence in women with high dietary intake of soy foods. Interestingly, in SPI-fed rats that developed mammary tumors, a higher percentage of tumors with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) than ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was observed, when compared to tumors of the CAS group, suggesting potential effects of soy components on tumor progression. Given the reported inverse correlation between serum progesterone (P) levels and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women; the increased progesterone receptor (PR) expression in mammary tissue of women consuming dietary soy supplement; and the decreased P levels in women on soy-based diets, we evaluated the expression of PR-A and PR-B isoforms in pathologically normal (designated normal) mammary glands and corresponding mammary tumors (IDC+DCIS), and serum P levels of NMU-exposed rats fed CAS or SPI. Transcript levels for PR-A were higher in normal mammary glands for the SPI than for the CAS group, while those for PR-B did not differ with diet. The ratio of PR-A/PR-B was four-fold higher for the SPI relative to the CAS group in normal mammary glands, but was not different in tumor tissues. The increased PR-A/PR-B ratio with SPI was accompanied by increased levels of HER-2/neu oncogene, whose up-regulated expression is reported in invasive breast cancers. Antibody against PR-A/B proteins demonstrated nuclear PR expression in normal mammary glands and mammary tumors, while antibody specific to PR-B showed negligible expression of this PR isoform. Serum P levels were lower (P<0.01) in tumor-bearing rats fed SPI than those fed CAS, with no differences (P=0.259) noted for serum estrogen. Since breast cancer patients with mammary PR-A greater than PR-B expression were found to be less responsive to endocrine therapy than those with higher PR-B expression, our findings of increased expression of PR-A with dietary soy in rats with NMU-induced tumors may have important implications for women with benign or malignant breast cancer consuming soy-based diets. (Supported by USDA-CRIS-6251-51000-005-02S).
Improved Outcomes in Metastatic Colon Cancer
Authors: Daniel Sargent
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
A convenient and sensitive allergy test: IgE crosslinking‐induced luciferase expression in cultured mast cells
Authors: R. Nakamura, Y. Uchida, M. Higuchi, R. Nakamura, I. Tsuge, A. Urisu, R. Teshima
Journal: Allergy (2010)

For the detection of allergen-specific IgE in sera, solid-phase IgE-binding assays like the CAP test are commonly used. Although such immunochemical methods are very sensitive, they frequently produce false positives. Degranulation of the human IgE receptor (FcεRI)-transfected rat mast cell (RBL) lines seems to be a possible indicator for human IgE, but spontaneous mediator release from these cells in the presence of human sera is not negligible.The nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)-responsive luciferase reporter gene was stably transfected into human FcεRI-expressing RBL-SX38 cells. One established clone (RS-ATL8) was sensitized with 1 : 100 dilution of sera from patients with egg white allergy and then stimulated with purified or a crude extract of egg white allergen.Sensitization with 15 pg/ml IgE was sufficient to detect IgE crosslinking-induced luciferase expression (EXiLE) by anti-IgE stimulation. Allergen-specific EXiLE was elicited by as little as 1 fg/ml of egg white protein without cytotoxicity. There was a good correlation between results with EXiLE and oral food challenge tests on patients with egg allergy (P = 0.001687, Fisher's exact test). The measured values of EXiLE and the CAP test also correlated well (R = 0.9127, Spearman's test).The EXiLE test using RS-ATL8 cells is a promising in vitro IgE test to evaluate the biological activity of the binding between IgE and allergens.
Abstract 13180: Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Levels on Platelet P2Y12 Mediated Platelet Inhibition in Prasugrel Treated Patients: Results of a Pharmacodynamic Study
Authors: Fabiana Rollini, Francesco Franchi, Elisabetta Ferrante, Jung Rae Cho, Elizabeth C Dunn, Christopher DeGroat, Mona Bhatti, Estela Thano, Valeria Duarte, Gabriel Faz, Zeina Alobaidi, Luis A Guzman, Martin M Zenni, Theodore A Bass, Dominick J Angiolillo
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: In patients with established vascular disease, smoking is a strong independent risk factor for adverse outcomes, including mortality. Several investigations have shown that cigarette smoking induces cytochrome P450 enzymatic activity which in turn increases clopidogrel metabolism leading to enhanced pharmacodynamic (PD) effects compared with non-smokers. These findings may explain the heightened clinical benefits of clopidogrel in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Prasugrel has superior PD and clinical effects compared with clopidogrel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of cigarette smoking on platelet P2Y 12 mediated effects among patients on maintenance prasugrel therapy. Methods: A total of 156 patients on maintenance prasugrel therapy (10mg/qd) for at least 7-days, in addition to aspirin (81mg/qd), who previously underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention in the setting of an acute coronary syndrome were studied. An objective assessment of smoking status was performed by measuring serum levels of cotinine (the major stable degradation product of nicotine metabolite). Cotinine levels &gt;3 ng/ml identified patients as smokers. PD assessments to determine platelet P2Y 12 activity was performed by flow cytometric assessment of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Results were reported as platelet reactivity index (PRI). A PRI&gt;50% identified patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR). Results: According to cotinine serum levels, patients were divided into smokers (n=55) and nonsmokers (n=101). PRI values in the overall population were not normally distributed (median [interquartile range (IQR)] 30 [19.1-38.9]) and 14.6% of patients had HPR. PRI levels were not significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers (33.7 [13.6-46.9] vs 28.8 [21.7-37.3], p= 0.56). There was no correlation between PRI values and cotinine levels (r=0.03; p=0.74). Accordingly, HPR rates were similar between smokers and nonsmokers (18.2% vs 12.9%; p=0.25). Conclusions: In patients on maintenance prasugrel therapy, cigarette smoking status, as objectively assessed by serum levels of cotinine, does not affect the degree of platelet P2Y 12 mediated inhibition.
Clinical characteristics of the pulmonary hypertension (PH) in a cardiologist service
Authors: Teresa Gil, Carmen Medina, Leticia Fernández, Francisco Javier Martínez, Carmen Corona, Pedro Antonio Chinchurreta, Juan Ramόn Siles, Francisco Torres, Francisco Ruiz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Although many epidemiological data of primary Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) have been recorded, the literature as regards the characteristics of the general population suffering from PH is nevertheless scarce.   Aim:  To determine the clinical characteristics of the different types of PH in a cardiologist service of a general hospital patients.   Results:  204 out of the 321 patients evaluated from January 1994 to December 2009 met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 73,36 (±17.48) years old, 55% of whom were women. The average initial PSAP was 74±9.2 mmHg. The predominant type found was PH owing to left heart disease 88 cases (43,13%), the most common etiology being mitral valve pathology (53/87). Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) represented 23% of the overall, there being ten cases of left-right shunts, four cases of primary PH, a case of scleroderma, another one of anorectics and two cases of portal hypertension. In eleven cases (13%) PH was associated with respiratory disease while the remaining 13% corresponded to PH caused by chronic thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. The average age of patients with PAH was lower (60 vs. 70). The predominant sex in all types of PH was female (2:1) except for those of systemic shunts, where no differences were found (1:1), and those owing to lung disease, with a male predominance (1:4.5).   Conclusions:  1. Half of the recorded cases in our series correspond to PH owing to heart disease, mainly related to rheumatic valve disease. 2. The age of our patients was high, being significantly lower in those cases of PAH. 3. Female predominance was to be found in all cases, except for the cor pulmonale with a majority of male patients.
BIOLOGIC CRYSTALS AND PARTICLES PRODUCED IN TISSUE CULTURE. II. ENZYMATIC RESPONSES AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS.
Authors: George G. Rose
Journal: Cancer Research (1964)

Summary  Unusually large extracellular crystals and particles (BCP) produced by embryo chick cells in special tissue culture environments undergo specific though slow sequences of transformation at 37° C. Observations are recorded by phase-contrast micrographs taken serially over several months. Tubules were found to be the primary observable stage and rhomboids and hexagons the terminal forms. Among the various transformation pathways two types of intermediate right-handed helices were observed. One type was for rhomboid crystal production and one for hexagonal crystal production. Digestion procedures for six enzymes yielded positive responses to DNase, RNase, trypsin, and pepsin by many of the BCP and negative responses to acid phosphatase and collagenase by all of the BCP.
Abstract 5606: Detection of circulating tumor DNA in early and late stage human malignancies
Authors: Chetan Bettegowda, Mark Sausen, Rebecca Leary, Isaac Kinde, Nishant Agrawal, Bjarne Bartlett, Hao Wang, Brandon Luber, Kenneth Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Luis Diaz
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The development of minimally-invasive methods to detect and monitor tumors continues to be a major challenge in oncology. We used digital PCR-based technologies to evaluate the ability of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to detect tumors in 640 patients with various cancer types. We initially use targeted, exomic, or whole genome sequencing to identify sequence or structural alterations in tumor tissues of 410 patients using targeted, exomic, or whole genome sequencing. We found that at least one tumor-specific mutant molecule could be identified in &amp;lt;5 mL of plasma in &amp;gt;75% of patients with advanced ovarian, colorectal, bladder, gastroesophoageal, pancreatic, breast, melanoma, hepatocellular and head and neck cancers, but in less than 50% of primary brain, renal, prostate, or thyroid cancers. In patients with localized tumors, ctDNA was detected in 73%, 57%, 48% and 50% of patients with colorectal cancer, gastroesophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast adenocarcinoma, respectively. Circulating tumor DNA was often present in patients without detectable circulating tumor cells, suggesting that these two biomarkers are distinct entities. In a separate panel of 206 patients with metastatic colorectal cancers, we showed that the sensitivity of ctDNA for detection of clinically relevant KRAS gene mutations was 87.2% while and its specificity was 99.2%. Finally, we assessed whether ctDNA could provide clues into the mechanisms underlying resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade in 24 patients who objectively responded to therapy but who subsequently relapsed. Twenty-three (96%) of these patients developed one or more mutations in genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Remarkably, nearly half (45%) of the observed mutations observed were in codon 61 of either the KRAS or NRAS gene. Taken together, these data suggest that ctDNA is a broadly applicable, sensitive, specific and robust biomarker that can be used for a variety of clinical and research purposes in patients with several multiple different types of cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Chetan Bettegowda, Mark Sausen, Rebecca Leary, Isaac Kinde, Nishant Agrawal, Bjarne Bartlett, Hao Wang, Brandon Luber, Kenneth Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Luis Diaz. Detection of circulating tumor DNA in early and late stage human malignancies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5606. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5606
Doctor who revealed patient details cleared by GMC
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A consultant neurologist in Scotland who discussed a teenage patient with suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in a television interview and revealed enough for a Sunday newspaper to identify her and splash her name on its front page was cleared of serious professional misconduct by the General Medical Council last week.

Peter Behan, a professor emeritus of Glasgow University and now retired from his consultant post at Glasgow's Southern General Hospital, told BBC2's Newsnight programme in June 1996 that he had a 15 year old patient who was thought to have become infected with …
Abstract P119: Assessment of Cardiovascular Health among Older Women in Primary Care
Authors: Randi E Foraker, Abigail B Shoben, Marcelo A Lopetegui, Albert M Lai, Philip R Payne, Marjorie Kelley, Caryn Roth, Hilary Tindle, Andrew Schreiner, Rebecca D Jackson
Journal: Circulation (2014)

In 2010, the American Heart Association (AHA) launched the groundbreaking Life’s Simple 7™ campaign to improve the cardiovascular health (CVH) of Americans. Five of the 7 [smoking, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose] are commonly recorded in electronic medical records (EMRs). Although CVH components are often included in patient-provider discussions, to date there has been no formal attempt to characterize CVH from EMR data. We characterized the CVH of 160 female patients ages 65 and older seen in an Ohio State University primary care clinic from May 1 through July 31, 2013. We defined CVH according to AHA criteria, and assigned each behavior and factor to either an “ideal”, “intermediate”, or “poor” category. We calculated an overall CVH score ranging from 0 (worst) to 10 (best) by summing across behaviors and factors as follows: poor, 0; intermediate, 1; and ideal, 2. We calculated means and standard deviations (sd) of continuous variables and report frequencies within CVH categories. Patients were an average of 74.2 (sd=6.7) years old, and 35% were black. Among the 126 (79%) women who had data available on all 5 factors, mean CVH score was 6.0 (sd=1.3). Among all women, the mean fractional score (actual score/maximum possible) was 0.63 (sd=0.14), and it did not differ significantly by race. Greater than 10% of data were missing for BMI (13%) and cholesterol (11%). Figure 1 shows the distribution of ideal, intermediate, poor, and missing CVH values for each behavior and factor. We have demonstrated that a majority of Life’s Simple 7™ components are easily queried from EMRs. These data indicate that older female patients seen in the primary care setting have less-than-ideal CVH. There exists great potential to leverage the EMR for patient-provider communication and engagement around CVH. As such, we are implementing an automated assessment of CVH targeted to primary care providers and their older female patients. Following the intervention, CVH values will be compared to these baseline data. Figure 1. Percent of older female patients (n=160) who were seen in a primary care clinic by category of CVH: behaviors and factors*. *Diabetes was defined as either treated by a glucose-lowering medication (intermediate) or not (ideal), since over 90% of data were missing for fasting glucose or hemoglobin A1c.
Miles of Wild Montana
Authors: Walt McDonald
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal