tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness of Adding an Electron-Beam Boost to Tangential Radiation Therapy in Patients With Negative Margins After Conservative Surgery for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: James A. Hayman, Bruce E. Hillner, Jay R. Harris, Lori J. Pierce, Jane C. Weeks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Electron-beam boosts (EBB) are routinely added after conservative surgery and tangential radiation therapy (TRT) for early-stage breast cancer. We performed an incremental cost-utility analysis to evaluate their cost-effectiveness. METHODS: A Markov model examined the impact of adding an EBB to TRT from a societal perspective. Outcomes were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). On the basis of the Lyon trial, the EBB was assumed to reduce local recurrences by approximately 2% at 10 years but to have no impact on survival. Patients’ utilities were used to adjust for quality of life. Given the small absolute benefit of the EBB, baseline utilities were assumed to be the same with or without it, an assumption evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation. Direct medical, time, and travel costs were considered. RESULTS: Adding the EBB led to an additional cost of $2,008, an increase of 0.0065 QALYs and, therefore, an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of over $300,000/QALY. In a sensitivity analysis, the ratio was moderately sensitive to the efficacy and cost of the EBB and highly sensitive to patients’ utilities for treatment without it. Even if patients do value a small risk reduction, the mean cost-effectiveness ratio estimated by the Monte Carlo simulation remains high, at $70,859/QALY (95% confidence interval, $53,141 to $105,182/QALY). CONCLUSION: On the basis of currently available data, the cost-effectiveness ratio for the EBB is well above the commonly cited threshold for cost-effective care ($50,000/QALY). The EBB becomes cost-effective only if patients place an unexpectedly high value on the small absolute reduction in local recurrences achievable with it.
Microinjection of Carcinogens Into Rainbow Trout Embryos: An In Vivo Carcinogenesis Assay&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C D Metcalfe, R A Sonstegard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Liver tumors were induced in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) 1 year after carcinogens were microinjected into embryos. Neoplasms were induced by a single injection of 13 and 25 ng per egg of aflatoxin B1 (CAS: 1162-65-8), 500 ng per egg of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (CAS: 57-97-6), and 250 ng per egg of 2-anthramine (CAS: 613-13-8). Over 70% of [3H]benzo[a]-pyrene (CAS: 50-32-8) injected into eggs was retained in hatched embryos, 120 hours postinjection. Exogenous activation of test compounds with the use of rat liver microsome preparation (S-9) increased the incidence of liver tumors in fish given injections of 25 ng aflatoxin B1. The amount of chemical required for the embryo injection assay was comparable to that required for the Ames bacterial mutagenesis assay.
Neurotoxic Indoleamines and Monoamine Neurons
Authors: H G Baumgarten, A Bjorklund
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1976)

In 1968 Thoenen & Tranzer (1) discovered that the long-lasting depletion of NA in sympathetically innervated organs by 6-OH-DA is due to degeneration of NA terminals. This provided the basis for the development of a new concept in neurobiological research: the method of selective chemical neurodegeneration. The successful application of this method to produce degeneration of DA and NA neurons in brain (2,3) stimulated a search for compounds with comparable effects on central 5-HT neurons. In studies with a restricted number of 5-HT analogs, we were able to show that certain dihydroxylated tryptamines caused toxic damage to serotonin terminals. The recent findings by Björklund, Baumgarten & Rensch (4) and Gerson & Baldessarini (5) that DMI treatment prior to intraventricular 5,7-DHT injection prevents the damaging effect of the latter drug on NA but not on 5-HT neurons indicate that powerful and probably rather selective destruction of central indoleamine-containing axons and terminals can be achieved.
Terminal NK cell maturation is controlled by concerted actions of T-bet and Zeb2 and is essential for melanoma rejection
Authors: Mary J. van Helden, Steven Goossens, Cécile Daussy, Anne-Laure Mathieu, Fabrice Faure, Antoine Marçais, Niels Vandamme, Natalie Farla, Katia Mayol, Sébastien Viel, Sophie Degouve, Emilie Debien, Eve Seuntjens, Andrea Conidi, Julie Chaix, Philippe Mangeot, Simon de Bernard, Laurent Buffat, Jody J. Haigh, Danny Huylebroeck, Bart N. Lambrecht, Geert Berx, Thierry Walzer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

Natural killer (NK) cell maturation is a tightly controlled process that endows NK cells with functional competence and the capacity to recognize target cells. Here, we found that the transcription factor (TF) Zeb2 was the most highly induced TF during NK cell maturation. Zeb2 is known to control epithelial to mesenchymal transition, but its role in immune cells is mostly undefined. Targeted deletion of Zeb2 resulted in impaired NK cell maturation, survival, and exit from the bone marrow. NK cell function was preserved, but mice lacking Zeb2 in NK cells were more susceptible to B16 melanoma lung metastases. Reciprocally, ectopic expression of Zeb2 resulted in a higher frequency of mature NK cells in all organs. Moreover, the immature phenotype of Zeb2−/− NK cells closely resembled that of Tbx21−/− NK cells. This was caused by both a dependence of Zeb2 expression on T-bet and a probable cooperation of these factors in gene regulation. Transgenic expression of Zeb2 in Tbx21−/− NK cells partially restored a normal maturation, establishing that timely induction of Zeb2 by T-bet is an essential event during NK cell differentiation. Finally, this novel transcriptional cascade could also operate in human as T-bet and Zeb2 are similarly regulated in mouse and human NK cells.
Is the unbalance between arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid a reversible condition in adults With cystic fibrosis
Authors: Elisabetta Teopompi, Giovanna Pisi, Marina Aiello, Roberta Pisi, Paolo Mangano, Francesco Longo, Patrizia Rizè, Candida Tripodi, Valentina Fainardi, Enrico Clini, Alfredo Chetta, Angelo Sala
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), a significant reduction in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a fat acid involved in inflammatory changes, may occur. We assessed the arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA metabolites in sputum of 15 CF patients, as compared to 10 COPD patients, and their changes after ten weeks of DHA supplementation. At baseline all subjects were assessed by nutritional status, spirometry, sputum sample to measure leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17OH-DHA), 15-HETE/17OH-DHA ratio, and blood sample to measure DHA/AA ratio and HUFA index. CF patients repeated assessments ten weeks after DHA-supplementation and after ten weeks without. As compared to COPD patients, CF subjects showed increased concentrations of LTB4 ( p   p   p   p  = 0.0137). At the end of the washout period, LTB4, PGE2, 15-HETE, and 17OH-DHA recovered toward baseline values. In blood samples after DHA supplementation, DHA/AA ratio and HUFA index significantly increased ( p  = 0.05), while 15-HETE/17OH-DHA ratio significantly decreased ( p  = 0.01) compared to baseline. Our preliminary results have shown that in CF patients an impairment in fatty acid metabolism, characterized by increase in AA metabolites and decrease in DHA, may occur as compared to COPD patients and was partially corrected by DHA supplementation.
Never knew cancer
Authors: Sara Taveras Alam
Journal: BMJ (2015)

When the words, “We think you might have blood cancer” and, “A subspecialist will come see you to discuss further testing” cut through the air, she seemed unbothered. However, we understood we were at a crossroads only when our patient told the medical student that she did not believe she required a needle in her bone for her hypertension. After all, her daughter had hypertension and she had never required such testing. 

The …
A Comparison of Stress Test Referral Rates and Outcome between Asians and Europeans
Authors: J T Lear, I G Lawrence, A C Burden, J E F Pohl
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1994)

The Asian population is at greater risk from a myocardial infarction than their European counterparts. Fewer Asians are referred for coronary angiography. We studied referral rates for exercise stress testing following acute myocardial infarction in Asians and Europeans and also examined stress test outcome. A retrospective analysis was performed using hospital activity analysis data, ward admission book and stress test referral forms and reports. There were 962 acute myocardial infarctions with 90% being European. Fewer Asian patients were referred for stress testing (32.3% versus 45%, P&gt;0.001). Asian patients were more likely to have a positive test (42.9% versus 31.3%, P&gt;0.02). Fewer Asian patients completed the test (14.3% versus 31.3%, P&gt;0.001). Possible reasons for the decreased referral rates include communication difficulties and real or perceived poor exercise tolerance. More Asian patients should be referred for stress testing. Interpreters and information leaflets in multiple languages may help achieve this aim.
Utility of Th1-cell immune responses in differentiating active tuberculosis from latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: Lifan Zhang, Yanhua Song, Yueqiu Zhang, Qiang Li, Mengqiu Gao, Xiaochun Shi, Yanbin Zhang, Yao Zhang, Ajit Lalvani, Xiaoqing Liu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  To evaluate the performance of MTB-specific cellular responses of two Th1 cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-2, in differentiating ATB from LTBI in China.  Methods:  Fifty-nine microbiologically diagnosed ATB were enrolled with a LTBI group including 45 asymptomatic health workers with positive results of T-SPOT.TB. The Fluorospot assay based on ESAT-6 and CFP-10 was performed to measure secreting of IFN-γ and IL-2.  Results:  ESAT-6-and CFP-10-specific cellular responses of IFN-γ and IL-2 showed identical patterns. The frequencies and proportions of antigen-specific IFN-γ-only-secreting T cell in TB patients were significantly higher than those of LTBI, while the proportions of IL-2-only-secreting T cell showed a reverse pattern.  By ROC curve analysis, a cut-off value of 136 iSFCs/10 6 PBMC for the sum of ESAT-6- and CFP-10-specific IFN-γ-only-secreting T cells showed a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80% for the diagnosis of ATB.  Conclusion:  Fluorospot assay detecting IFN-γ and IL-2 based on ESAT-6 and CFP-10 could be helpful in differentiating ATB from LTBI.
2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Nazzareno Galiè, Marc Humbert, Jean-Luc Vachiery, Simon Gibbs, Irene Lang, Adam Torbicki, Gérald Simonneau, Andrew Peacock, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, Maurice Beghetti, Ardeschir Ghofrani, Miguel Angel Gomez Sanchez, Georg Hansmann, Walter Klepetko, Patrizio Lancellotti, Marco Matucci, Theresa McDonagh, Luc A. Pierard, Pedro T. Trindade, Maurizio Zompatori, Marius Hoeper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Guidelines summarize and evaluate all available evidence on a particular issue at the time of the writing process, with the aim of assisting health professionals in selecting the best management strategies for an individual patient with a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome, as well as the risk–benefit ratio of particular diagnostic or therapeutic means. Guidelines and recommendations should help health professionals to make decisions in their daily practice. However, the final decisions concerning an individual patient must be made by the responsible health professional(s) in consultation with the patient and caregiver as appropriate.
PSEUDO-TUBERCULOMA SILICOTICUM..
Authors: R. WORKMAN CARSLAW
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1960)

Journal Article PSEUDO‐TUBERCULOMA SILICOTICUM.: Spontaneous Clearance of the Cutaneous Lesions. Get access R. WORKMAN CARSLAW, M.D., F.R.F.P.S. R. WORKMAN CARSLAW, M.D., F.R.F.P.S. Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 72, Issue 12, 1 December 1960, Pages 427–429, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1960.tb13836.x Published: 01 December 1960
Implementing the Fatigue Guidelines at One NCCN Member Institution: Process and Outcomes
Authors: Tami Borneman, Barbara F. Piper, Virginia Chih-Yi Sun, Marianna Koczywas, Gwen Uman, Betty Ferrell
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2007)

Fatigue, despite being the most common and distressing symptom in cancer, is often unrelieved because of numerous patient, provider, and system barriers. The overall purpose of this 5-year prospective clinical trial is to translate the NCCN Cancer-Related Fatigue Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology and NCCN Adult Cancer Pain Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology into practice and develop a translational interventional model that can be replicated across settings. This article focuses on one NCCN member institution's experience related to the first phase of the NCCN Cancer-Related Fatigue Guidelines implementation, describing usual care compared with evidence-based guidelines. Phase 1 of this 3-phased clinical trial compared the usual care of fatigue with that administered according to the NCCN guidelines. Eligibility criteria included age 18 years or older; English-speaking; diagnosed with breast, lung, colon, or prostate cancer; and fatigue and/or pain ratings of 4 or more on a 0 to 10 screening scale. Research nurses screened all available subjects in a cancer center medical oncology clinic to identify those meeting these criteria. Instruments included the Piper Fatigue Scale, a Fatigue Barriers Scale, a Fatigue Knowledge Scale, and a Fatigue Chart Audit Tool. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. At baseline, 45 patients had fatigue only (≥ 4) and 24 had both fatigue and pain (≥ 4). This combined sample (N = 69) was predominantly Caucasian (65%), female (63%), an average of 60 years old, diagnosed with stage 3 or 4 breast cancer, and undergoing treatment (82%). The most common barriers noted were patients' belief that physicians would introduce the subject of fatigue if it was important (patient barrier); lack of fatigue documentation (professional barrier); and lack of supportive care referrals (system barrier). Findings showed several patient, professional, and system barriers that distinguish usual care from that recommended by the NCCN Cancer-Related Fatigue Guidelines. Phase 2, the intervention model, is designed to decrease these barriers and improve patient outcomes over time, and is in progress.
Predictive radiological factors of delayed smear conversion
Authors: Safa Hafaied, Hajer Racil, H. Blibech, Sawsan Bacha, Sana Cheikh Rouhou, Nawel Chaouech, Abdellatif Chabbou
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction : Radiological lesions in pulmonary tuberculosis are polymorph. Some studies suggested that chest X-ray could predict patients with delayed sputum smear conversion and so higher risk of unfavorable evolution.

The aim is to identify radiological factors associated to delayed sputum smear conversion.

Materials : A retrospective case-control study was performed, compared chest X-ray of 100patients with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis: 50 with delayed smear conversion (group A: GA) and 50 showed no delay (group B: GB).

Results : Nodules were noted in both groups with no significant difference (98% vs 94%, p = 0.617), infiltrates were more noted in GB (80% vs 88%, p=0.275). Excavations were present comparably in both groups (92% vs 86%, p = 0.338). Although excavation's number was more important in GA, 68% of patient in GA had more than 4 excavations vs 24 % in GB (p <0.000). High cavitary score is also more frequent in GA (62% vs 24%, p = 0.00).

Bilateral radiological lesions were more frequent in GA (74 % vs 56%, p=0.059).

Severity of chest X-ray lesion evaluated by the BIT score was higher in GA with an average at 10.22 ± 0.739 in GA vs 7.92 ± 0.604 in GB; p = 0.018.

Conclusion : Patients with extensive radiologic lesion and multiple cavitary should have a specific attention to guarantee a favorable evolutionand to reduce the risk of relapse or treatment resistance.
Comparison of the administration of COPD assessment test by face-to-face interview versus telephone interview: A randomized trial
Authors: Eanes Pereira, Guilherme Silva, Maria Tereza Morano, Cynthia Viana, George Matos, Clarissa Magalhães
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective: to assess the psychometrics properties of the COPD assessment test (CAT) in a randomized trial comparing the face-to-face interview with the telephone interview.  Methods: a randomized study was conducted at two teaching hospitals in Fortaleza-Brazil. Patients were randomly assigned to answer the CAT questionnaire either by a face-to-face interview (FFI) or a telephone interview (TI). The two groups were assessed for internal consistency reliability, cross-sectional validity and test-retest reliability. All patients performed spirometry and answered the modified medical research council dyspnoea scale (mMRC) and the St George’s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ).  Results: For both administration formats, we found good internal consistency reliability (Crohnbach9s alpha between 0.77 and 0.89 for the TI and FFI respectively). In general, moderate-to-high correlations of CAT with SGRQ were observed, independent of the format of administration. For the test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficients were very similar for both FFI and TI group: 0,96 (95%CI 0,93-0,97) vs 0,98 (95%CI 0,96-0,98) respectively.  Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the CAT questionnaire administration either by a face-to-face or telephone interview present moderate to high psychometrics properties. This provides support for the use of both modes of questionnaire administration.
Effects of Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy With the Use of Pyran Copolymer on Murine Fibrosarcoma 2
Authors: Amy L. Tsui Collins, Chang W. Song
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Effects of Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy With the Use of Pyran Copolymer on Murine Fibrosarcoma Get access Amy L. Tsui Collins, Ph.D., Amy L. Tsui Collins, Ph.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chang W. Song, Ph.D. Chang W. Song, Ph.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 6, June 1978, Pages 1477–1481, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.6.1477 Published: 01 June 1978 Article history Received: 13 October 1977 Accepted: 16 December 1977 Published: 01 June 1978
Gender difference in age, risk factors and histological characteristics of lung cancer patients presented to the respiratory unit of Teaching Hospital Kandy
Authors: Dinesh Dassanayake, Anoma Siribaddana, Samantha Gannoruwa, Kapila Senevirathna, Kiruna Wickramasekera
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background   In Sri Lanka lung cancer is rare among females with an incidence of 3 per 100000 population compared to males which is 12 per 100000.   Objective   To describe the gender differences in age, risk factors and histological characteristics of lung cancer patients.   Methods   The study was carried out in the Respiratory Unit of the Teaching Hospital Kandy from 30/4/2010 to 31/3/2011. Consecutive patients with histologically proven lung cancer were recruited. Age at presentation and risk factors were documented and males and females were compared using Chi square statistics and Fishers Exact test.p value    Results   There were 12(19.3%) female and 50 (80.7%) male patients. Mean age of males was 61 (SD 8.8) and females was 57 (SD 13.7).Four (8.0%) males and 5 (41.6%) females were below the age of 50 [Chi-6.33, p=0.011]. Forty one (82%) males and one female (8.3%) were active smokers [Chi = 110,p   Conclusions   Female lung cancer patients were younger compared to males. Histological types and risk factors were differrent between 2 groups.Whether age and histological difference are related to possible risk factor difference needs further investigation.
The Effects of Interleukin 2 and α-Interferon Administration on Hepatic Drug Metabolism in Mice
Authors: Sherry S. Ansher, Raj K. Puri, Walter C. Thompson, William H. Habig
Journal: Cancer Research (1992)

Abstract  We have administered the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), α-interferon (IFN-α), and γ-interferon (IFN-γ) to mice and measured the alterations in hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities. For comparative purposes and to understand the mechanism of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTP) vaccine-induced inhibition of drug metabolism, we also studied the effects of vaccine administration in mice. The administration of IL-2 alone or in combination with IFN-α or IFN-γ causes dose-dependent increases in hexobarbital-induced sleep times. These increases correlate well with the inhibition of specific microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities. Sublethally irradiated mice and athymic nude mice receiving injections of IL-2 or IL-2 plus IFN-α do not show the inhibition of drug metabolism seen in normal mice. However, the inhibition of drug metabolism in DTP vaccine-treated mice was similar in all three groups. These observations indicate a possible role for immune cells (probably T-lymphocytes) in the inhibition of drug metabolism caused by administration of these cytokines, which is different from the inhibition of drug metabolism caused by DTP vaccine.