tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disparate effects of the calcium-channel blockers, nifedipine and verapamil, on alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and thromboxane A2-induced aggregation of human platelets.
Authors: G J Johnson, L A Leis, G S Francis
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Calcium-channel blockers inhibit human platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo. To further evaluate the mechanism(s) responsible for the inhibition induced by this structurally heterogeneous group of compounds, we studied the effect of nifedipine and verapamil on human platelet aggregation in vitro. Neither 10 microM nifedipine nor 10 microM verapamil consistently inhibited the aggregation response of platelet-rich plasma to threshold concentrations of ADP, sodium arachidonate, epinephrine, or collagen. However, both 10 microM nifedipine and 10 microM verapamil epinephrine-potentiated, thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-induced aggregation of aspirin-incubated, gel-filtered platelets. Aggregation of similarly prepared platelets induced by TXA2 alone was abolished by 10 microM nifedipine but not by 10 microM verapamil. Even 100 microM verapamil gave only partial and inconsistent inhibition of aggregation. Both drugs had essentially the same effects on platelet aggregation induced by the stable endoperoxide and TXA2 mimic, U46619, with or without epinephrine. Neither 10 microM nifedipine nor 10 microM verapamil elevated platelet cyclic AMP. Verapamil (10 microM) inhibited binding of [3H]-yohimbine (an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) to intact human platelets (KD 10.5 nM vs 2.4 nM for control platelets) without altering the number of binding sites. In contrast, 10 microM nifedipine had no effect on KD or number of binding sites. These results indicate that nifedipine and verapamil inhibit epinephrine-potentiated, TXA2-induced human platelet aggregation by different mechanisms. Verapamil inhibits the epinephrine contribution to the aggregation response by blocking alpha 2-adrenergic receptor binding. Nifedipine blocks the platelet response to TXA2 without affecting alpha-adrenergic receptor binding. These observations have potential clinical implications with regard to the mechanisms by which calcium-channel blockers inhibit vascular spasm and myocardial ischemia.
Medical Complications During Pregnancy
Authors: John A. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This volume contains 11 chapters which describe most of the significant medical complications during pregnancy and many of the esoteric ones. Six of the 11 chapters are written by Haynes, the others by five specialists in the field of obstetrics and gynecology (Drs. Kaminetzky, Gerbie, Fish, Nettles, and Wolfe). As is so often the case with multiauthored compendia, the text suffers in readability and balance although the individual contributors have pruned a mass of scattered observations into generally logical and useful expositions with reasonably timely references. This is particularly true of Dr. Nettles' contribution, chapter 9, which is the most extensive chapter in the text (117 pp) with 20 pages of current bibliography. The reader might do well to start with Nettles' contribution which, while quite scholarly and comprehensive, is not confined to renal complications alone. On the other hand, much of Dr. Haynes' text, while quite readable, is a
Potential hazards of intraoperative cholangiography in patients with infected bile.
Authors: N J Lygidakis
Journal: Gut (1982)

To assess the relation of bacteraemia to intraoperative cholangiography 194 patients with choledochlithiasis who underwent choledochotomy and who had intraoperative cholangiography through the cystic duct are presented in this study. It has been shown that, in the presence of infected bile, intraoperative cholangiography without manometric control is hazardous, provoking a high incidence of bacteraemia and associated with considerable mortality and morbidity rate. It is suggested that intraoperative cholangiography should be carried out under manometric control, and that it should be used only with extreme care in patients who are likely to have biliary infections.
Benefits of a school-based asthma treatment program in the absence of secondhand smoke exposure*1
Authors: R.J. Holzhauer, J.S. Halterman, P.G. Szilagyi, H.L. Yoos, K.M. Conn, J.M. Kaczorowski, S.C. Lauver, T.L. Neely, P.M. Callahan, K.M. McConnochie
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Coronary sinus reflux. A source of error in the measurement of thermodilution coronary sinus flow.
Authors: D G Mathey, K Chatterjee, J V Tyberg, J Lekven, B Brundage, W W Parmley
Journal: Circulation (1978)

In seven patients thermodilution coronary sinus flow (TD-CSF) was higher (164 +/- 21 ml/min) during ventricular pacing than during atrial pacing (119 +/- 21 ml/min, P less than 0.005) at identical heart rate, without an increase in the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption. To assess the possibility of right atrial admixture in coronary sinus blood during ventricular pacing we compared electromagnetic coronary arterial blood flow (CBF) with TD-CSF in nine dogs during interventions that increased right atrial pressure. During ventricular pacing, rapid atrial pacing, pulmonary artery constriction and increased intrathoracic pressure, right atrial pressure increased and electromagnetic CBF was significantly less (41-166%) than TD-CSF. Marked reflux from the right atrium to the coronary sinus was also demonstrated by bolus injection of cold saline into the right atrium and continuous infusion of contrast material into coronary sinus. Caution needs to be exercised in interpreting TD-CSF in the presence of changing right atrial pressure.
Neonatal critical valvar aortic stenosis. A comparison of surgical and balloon dilation therapy.
Authors: B Zeevi, J F Keane, A R Castaneda, S B Perry, J E Lock
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Balloon aortic valvotomy (BAV) is an alternative to surgical valvotomy in infants and children. We compared BAV in 16 consecutive neonates (1985-1988) to surgical valvotomy in a prior group of 16 consecutive neonates (1978-1984). Both groups were comparable in terms of age, weight, hemodynamic data, left ventricular size, and associated lesions. There were six early and one late deaths after surgery. Five out of six neonates requiring a second operation died. Left ventricular size (measured in 13 neonates) had some influence on survival after surgery: three of three with small or hypoplastic left ventricles and three of 10 with normal-sized left ventricles died. After BAV, there were three early deaths, two patients who underwent stage I palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and two late deaths. As with surgical valvotomy, left ventricular size seemed to influence survival after BAV: five of six with small or hypoplastic left ventricles died or underwent stage I palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and two of nine with normal-sized left ventricles died. At follow-up (26 +/- 17 months) in six patients in the surgical group, the peak systolic ejection gradient (PSEG) was 52.2 +/- 23 mm Hg and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) 18.2 +/- 5.2 mm Hg. Aortic regurgitation was mild in five and moderate in the sixth patient. At follow-up (17.6 +/- 7.8 months) in nine patients in the balloon dilation group, the PSEG was 45.6 +/- 11 mm Hg in five patients at catheterization and 43.8 +/- 22.9 mm Hg in four patients by echocardiography-Doppler. Aortic regurgitation was mild in three and absent in the other six patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Future staffing in community medicine
Authors: D. Wild
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the airways that is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness and airflow limitation. Although asthma was once simply categorized as atopic or nonatopic, emerging analyses over the last few decades have revealed a variety of asthma endotypes that are attributed to numerous pathophysiological mechanisms. The classification of asthma by endotype is primarily routed in different profiles of airway inflammation that contribute to bronchoconstriction. Many asthma therapeutics target G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), which either enhance bronchodilation or prevent bronchoconstriction. Short-acting and long-acting β2-agonists are widely used bronchodilators that signal through the activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor. Short-acting and long-acting antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are used to reduce bronchoconstriction by blocking the action of acetylcholine. Leukotriene antagonists that block the signaling of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 are used as an add-on therapy to reduce bronchoconstriction and inflammation induced by cysteinyl leukotrienes. A number of GPCR-targeting asthma drug candidates are also in different stages of development. Among them, antagonists of prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 have advanced into phase III clinical trials. Others, including antagonists of the adenosine A2B receptor and the histamine H4 receptor, are in early stages of clinical investigation. In the past decade, significant research advancements in pharmacology, cell biology, structural biology, and molecular physiology have greatly deepened our understanding of the therapeutic roles of GPCRs in asthma and drug action on these GPCRs. This review summarizes our current understanding of GPCR signaling and pharmacology in the context of asthma treatment.  SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT  Although current treatment methods for asthma are effective for a majority of asthma patients, there are still a large number of patients with poorly controlled asthma who may experience asthma exacerbations. This review summarizes current asthma treatment methods and our understanding of signaling and pharmacology of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) in asthma therapy, and discusses controversies regarding the use of GPCR drugs and new opportunities in developing GPCR-targeting therapeutics for the treatment of asthma.
Ian Trevor Field
Authors: G. Field
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A man of strong principles, borne of his Christian faith and support for ecumenism, Ian Trevor Field was a rigorous defender of medical ethics. As secretary general of the World Medical Association (WMA) in the mid 1990s he was a leading voice on many issues, from urging restrictions on the use of landmines to opposing the involvement of doctors in the administration of lethal injections. He matched his medical skills with his abilities as a diplomat, working hard for doctors who had been imprisoned under antiterrorism laws in their own countries for administering medical care to rebel fighters. In 1994 Ian Field travelled, on behalf of the WMA, to Peru, aiding the release of 22 doctors who were imprisoned.

Ian Field started his career in medical administration at the BMA, where—as an assistant secretary, and then undersecretary—he dealt with the rebellion of junior doctors over long working hours. Throughout his career, Ian Field was closely involved in restructuring the NHS; as secretary of the BMA in the early 1990s he met the then prime minister, John Major, on numerous occasions to discuss NHS finances and reforms.

A member of …
Simultaneous occurrence of papulonecrotic tuberculide and erythema induratum and the identification of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> DNA by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Y.H. CHUANG, T.T. KUO, C.M. WANG, C.N. WANG, W.R. WONG, H.L. CHAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The simultaneous occurrence of two tuberculides in one patient is rare. We report the case of a 32-year-old man presenting with both papulonecrotic tuberculide and erythema induratum. Mycobacterial DNA was identified from both skin lesions by polymerase chain reaction using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues, suggesting that tuberculides are related to tuberculosis. New skin lesions developed after the patient discontinued his medication on his own initiative, 2 months after triple antituberculous therapy had been started. It is important to continue therapy for a prolonged period.
PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN CUTICULAR PATTERN ALONG THE SHAFTS OF HUMAN HAIR AS SEEN BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY*
Authors: EVA BOTTOMS, EDWARD WYATT, STANLEY COMAISH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN CUTICULAR PATTERN ALONG THE SHAFTS OF HUMAN HAIR AS SEEN BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY Get access EVA BOTTOMS, EVA BOTTOMS University Department of Dermatology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar EDWARD WYATT, EDWARD WYATT University Department of Dermatology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar STANLEY COMAISH STANLEY COMAISH University Department of Dermatology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue 4, 1 April 1972, Pages 379–384, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb05051.x Published: 01 April 1972 Article history Accepted: 10 November 1971 Published: 01 April 1972
SOME TROPICAL CUTANEOUS ULCERATIVE CONDITIONS.
Authors: PAUL G. WOOLLEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Under the term tropical ulcers so many types of cutaneous lesions may be included that it will be necessary at the outset to limit my remarks to certain forms of ulcerative process. It seems wisest, therefore, to exclude such forms of disease as tuberculosis, syphilis, yaws and leprosy. I shall confine myself to those described under the names "oriental sores," "tropical phagedena" and "veld sores," and dismiss those which have been less thoroughly discussed with a mere mention. In studying tropical ulcers we must bear in mind that, under whatever title the processes have been described, there is so great a confusion of opinion with regard to etiology and clinical course and so meager a knowledge of histology that satisfactory classification is well-nigh impossible. This I have endeavored to take into consideration, and have chosen from among the bibliographic materials at my disposal those in which the descriptions are most
Rapid Inactivation Determines the Rectification and [K <sup>+</sup> ] <sub>o</sub> Dependence of the Rapid Component of the Delayed Rectifier K <sup>+</sup> Current in Cardiac Cells
Authors: Tao Yang, Dirk J. Snyders, Dan M. Roden
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract Two characteristic features of the rapid component of the cardiac delayed rectifier current ( I Kr ) are prominent inward rectification and an unexpected reduction in activating current with decreased [K + ] o . Similar features are observed with heterologous expression of HERG , the gene thought to encode the channel carrying I Kr ; moreover, recent studies indicate that the mechanism underlying rectification of HERG current is the inactivation that channels rapidly undergo during depolarizing pulses. The present studies were designed to determine the mechanism of I Kr rectification and [K + ] o sensitivity in the mouse atrial myocyte cell line, AT-1 cells. Reducing [Mg 2+ ] i to 0, which reverses inward rectification of some K + channels, did not alter I Kr current-voltage relationships, although it did decrease sensitivity to the I Kr blockers dofetilide and quinidine 2- to 5-fold. To determine the presence and extent of fast inactivation of I Kr in AT-1 cells, a brief hyperpolarizing pulse (20 ms to −120 mV) was applied during long depolarizations. Immediately after this pulse, a very large outward current that decayed rapidly to the previous activating current baseline was observed. This outward current component was blocked by the I Kr -specific inhibitor dofetilide, indicating that it represented recovery from fast inactivation during the hyperpolarizing step, with fast reinactivation during the return to depolarized potential. With removal of inactivation using this approach, current-voltage relationships for I Kr ([K + ] o , 1 to 20 mmol/L) were linear and reversed close to the predicted Nernst potential for K + . In addition, decreased [K + ] o decreased the time constants for open→inactivated and inactivated→open transitions. Thus, in these cardiac myocytes, as with heterologously expressed HERG , I Kr undergoes fast inactivation that determines its characteristic inward rectification. These studies demonstrate that the mechanism underlying decreased activating current observed at low [K + ] o is more extensive fast inactivation.
The small 11kDa nonstructural protein of human parvovirus B19 plays a key role in inducing apoptosis during B19 virus infection of primary erythroid progenitor cells
Authors: Aaron Yun Chen, Elizabeth Yan Zhang, Wuxiang Guan, Fang Cheng, Steve Kleiboeker, Thomas M. Yankee, Jianming Qiu
Journal: Blood (2009)
Loss of p27Kip1 enhances the transplantation efficiency of hepatocytes transferred into diseased livers
Authors: Anthony N. Karnezis, Marina Dorokhov, Markus Grompe, Liang Zhu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

p27(Kip1) is an important regulator of cyclin-dependent kinases. Studies with p27 knockout mice have revealed abnormalities in proliferation and differentiation of multiple cell types. Here we show that primary hepatocytes isolated from livers of adult p27 knockout mice exhibit higher levels of DNA synthesis activity in culture than do wild-type cells. Interestingly, we found that, compared with control hepatocytes, p27 knockout hepatocytes proliferate better after transplantation into diseased livers to reverse liver failure. These results reveal an aspect of p27 that could be used to benefit cell-based therapy.
An Epidemic of Clam-Associated Hepatitis
Authors: Shaun J. Ruddy
Journal: JAMA (1969)

During a 32-week period from November 1963 through June 1964, an epidemic of 123 cases of viral hepatitis following ingestion of raw clams occurred in Connecticut. Several observations supported the incrimination of raw clams as the vehicle: a high proportion of cases among adult males, a low proportion of patients having history of contact with a previous case, the occurrence of cases in two epidemic waves, the similarity between the known incubation period of infectious hepatitis and the intervals from consumption of raw clams to onset of illness, and results of a survey which indicated that more than six times as many hepatitis patients had eaten raw clams as had persons without hepatitis. The clams probably came through the regular commercial channels from several suppliers, but their harvesting waters could not be identified.
Measles Immunization-Reply
Authors: Georges Peter
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Robinson's experience is not unique. While more than 45 000 cases of measles have been reported in the past 2 years in the United States, the outbreaks have been focal and many areas have been spared the occurrence of this vaccine-preventable disease.<sup>1</sup>Lack of measles in the community, however, does not lessen the importance of complying with current recommendations of the US Department of Health and Human Services (Centers for Disease Control), American Academy of Pediatrics, and state health departments for routine reimmunization of school-age children.<sup>2,3</sup>In 1989, 40% of cases occurred in previously vaccinated persons, 94% of whom met the clinical case definition for measles (fever ≥38.3°C, if measured; generalized rash lasting ≥3 days; and at least one of the following: cough, coryza, or conjunctivitis<sup>1</sup>), and 25% of the cases were serologically confirmed.<sup>1</sup>Susceptibility or immunity in previously vaccinated persons can be demonstrated
NOTE ON DRY CALCIUM SULPHYDRATE AS A DEPILATORY.
Authors: ALEMBERT W. BRAYTON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Calcium sulphydrate can be made by heating a granulated mixture of plaster-of-paris (calcium sulphate) with granulated wood charcoal (to take off the oxygen). A high temperature is necessary and it is best obtained by means of gas. A muffler is used, i.e., set in cinders or bone ash and the mixture is heated to redness. By this method neither sulphuric acid or sulphid of iron is used. The dry, rose-colored or whitish product is applied to the skin in a wetted condition, or it may be put on dry and then wetted. Hydrogen sulphid is given off, which causes a rather foul smell. The substance is perfectly harmless to the skin and may be left on any length of time and does not even irritate abraded surfaces. It is not patented and can be made cheaply.
The Child, Vulnerable in the Mother’s Desire
Authors: A. Pipineli-Potamianou
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

In this paper, by presentation of some clinical material, the author wishes to demonstrate that in some cases it is possible to detect very early in the phantasies and/or the psychosomatic manifestations of expecting mothers what later will be experienced by the infant as the loss of the first object of love. This loss, with its deeply destructive consequences (in terms of personality development) is one of the factors that can possibly sign the entrance to child psychosis. Although one can rarely attribute, with certainty, the onset of such severe emotional disturbances to only one factor, the hypothesis can be maintained that the desires and wishes of the woman, while expecting a baby, play a determining role on the fate of child. One should also add that it is not infrequent to observe various changes and fluctuations in the attitudes of mothers after the child is born. Still, the material of the cases under discussion (of which only two will be presented here) seems to point towards a development in which the pre-birth way of experiencing the child on the part of the mother puts a definite and particular sign on the object relations to follow.
Regulation of L-Selectin–mediated Rolling through Receptor Dimerization
Authors: Xuan Li, Douglas A. Steeber, Mimi L.K. Tang, Michael A. Farrar, Roger M. Perlmutter, Thomas F. Tedder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

L-selectin binding activity for its ligand expressed by vascular endothelium is rapidly and transiently increased after leukocyte activation. To identify mechanisms for upregulation and assess how this influences leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions, cell-surface dimers of L-selectin were induced using the coumermycin-GyrB dimerization strategy for cross-linking L-selectin cytoplasmic domains in L-selectin cDNA-transfected lymphoblastoid cells. Coumermycin- induced L-selectin dimerization resulted in an approximately fourfold increase in binding of phosphomanan monoester core complex (PPME), a natural mimic of an L-selectin ligand, comparable to that observed after leukocyte activation. Moreover, L-selectin dimerization significantly increased (by approximately 700%) the number of lymphocytes rolling on vascular endothelium under a broad range of physiological shear stresses, and significantly slowed their rolling velocities. Therefore, L-selectin dimerization may explain the rapid increase in ligand binding activity that occurs after leukocyte activation and may directly influence leukocyte migration to peripheral lymphoid tissues or to sites of inflammation. Inducible oligomerization may also be a common mechanism for rapidly upregulating the adhesive or ligand-binding function of other cell-surface receptors.
Hospital Utilization Controls: What Is the Way?
Authors: Herman M. Somers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Standing in isolation, Dr. Brian's provocative report on California's Medi-Cal hospital controls in this issue of the Journal leaves room for legitimate questioning of particulars as well as some of its conclusions. For example, it might be argued that the experience of the first nine months of a program, compared with the previous year, is not sufficient to validate a trend. However, the report does not stand in isolation. Its general findings conform to results reported from other states, the experience of medical foundations engaged in hospitalization review and, as Dr. Brian points out, with the informed observations of numerous . . .