tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical reports for courts.
Authors: V. Rippere
Journal: BMJ (1992)

rheumatic fever in 1944 and mitral valve repair for incompetence in 1985 was admitted in ventricular tachycardia without angina.He had started taking sumatriptan 30 days before admission.Each of the eight injections had been followed by "hot surges in the throat," and four of these were followed by a definite sensation of palpitation (up to 160 beats per minute).He required DC cardioversion and amiodarone to correct the arrhythmia.A previous drug point showed that subcutaneous sumatriptan could produce ST elevation in suscep- tible subjects,' and a recent study has shown that vasospasm in patients with minor coronary artery stenosis can precipitate ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation.4Our first patient would almost certainly have died without the prompt arrival of the ambulance service.The timing of her ventricular tachycardia in relation to the sumatriptan injection and the lack of previous or subsequent problems strongly suggest that sumatriptan induced her arrhythmia.The second case is less clear in that there was a previous history of cardiac surgery, but eight separate administrations of the drug produced similar symptoms, which were shown to be due to ventricular tachycardia on hospital admission.Thus we suggest that subcutaneous sumatriptan should be administered with caution and that, ideally, the first dose should be given while the cardiac rhythm is being closely monitored.
Antigen-specific T cell–mediated gene therapy in collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Atsuo Nakajima, Christine M. Seroogy, Matthew R. Sandora, Ingo H. Tarner, Gina L. Costa, Cariel Taylor-Edwards, Michael H. Bachmann, Christopher H. Contag, C. Garrison Fathman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Autoantigen-specific T cells have tissue-specific homing properties, suggesting that these cells may be ideal vehicles for the local delivery of immunoregulatory molecules. We tested this hypothesis by using type II collagen–specific (CII-specific) CD4+ T hybridomas or primary CD4+ T cells after gene transfer, as vehicles to deliver an immunoregulatory protein for the treatment of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CII-specific T cells or hybridomas were transduced using retroviral vectors to constitutively express the IL-12 antagonist, IL-12 p40. Transfer of engineered CD4+ T cells after immunization significantly inhibited the development of CIA, while cells transduced with vector control had no effect. The beneficial effect on CIA of IL-12 p40-transduced T cells required TCR specificity against CII, since transfer of T cells specific for another antigen producing equivalent amounts of IL-12 p40 had no effect. In vivo cell detection using bioluminescent labels and RT-PCR showed that transferred CII-reactive T-cell hybridomas accumulated in inflamed joints in mice with CIA. These results indicate that the local delivery of IL-12 p40 by T cells inhibited CIA by suppressing autoimmune responses at the site of inflammation. Modifying antigen-specific T cells by retroviral transduction for local expression of immunoregulatory proteins thus offers a promising strategy for treating RA.
Follicular lymphoma in Sweden: nationwide improved survival in the rituximab era, particularly in elderly women: a Swedish Lymphoma Registry Study
Authors: H R Junlén, S Peterson, E Kimby, S Lockmer, O Lindén, H Nilsson-Ehle, M Erlanson, H Hagberg, A Rådlund, O Hagberg, B E Wahlin
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
The Pathogenesis of Melanoma Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation
Authors: Barbara A. Gilchrest, Mark S. Eller, Alan C. Geller, Mina Yaar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Skin cancers, predominantly basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas, have accounted for an estimated 40 percent of all cancers in the United States in recent years, and their frequency has been increasing.1,2 The frequency of malignant melanoma, by far the most common fatal skin cancer, has also increased, by a factor of approximately 15 in the past 60 years.35 In 1997, more than 40,000 new cases of malignant melanoma were diagnosed in the United States, and more than 7200 patients with the disease died.1 Moreover, malignant melanoma is one of the most common cancers in young adults.6 Efforts to educate . . .
Identification and treatment of risk factors for coronary heart disease in general practice: a possible screening model
Authors: A. Jones, D H Davies, J R Dove, M A Collinson, P. M R Brown
Journal: BMJ (1988)

A screening programme for the identification of risk factors for coronary heart disease in all patients aged 25-55 years in a general practice population was studied. The identification of risk factors included measurement of obesity, blood pressure, hypercholesterolaemia, and urinalysis, together with questions about family history, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and lifestyle. The patients with identified risk factors were invited to attend a lifestyle intervention clinic organised by the practice nurses and run by the health visitors, with the help of the local authority dietitian. Of 2646 (62%) patients who attended for screening, 78 (64%) of the 121 shown to have a high cholesterol concentration experienced a drop in cholesterol concentration. The mean fall in cholesterol concentration in the 78 patients who showed a positive response to intervention was 1.1 mmol/l. The study was intended as a possible flexible model for screening for coronary heart disease in general practice that could be complemented rather than replaced by opportunistic screening. The issues of organisation, cost, manpower, nonattendance, and effectiveness in a busy general practice environment are discussed.
Evaluating the Science and Ethics of Research on Humans: A Guide for IRB Members
Authors: Bernard M. Dickens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Medical Writings: Book Notes20 May 2008Evaluating the Science and Ethics of Research on Humans: A Guide for IRB MembersBernard M. Dickens, PhD, LLDBernard M. Dickens, PhD, LLDFrom the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-10-200805200-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Evaluating the Science and Ethics of Research on Humans: A Guide for IRB MembersMazur DJ. 252 pages. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Univ Pr; 2007. $29.95. ISBN 9780801885013. Order at www.press.jhu.edu.Field of medicine: Human biomedical research.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Institutional research board (IRB) members and officers.Purpose: To aid IRB review of ethical aspects of biomedical research.Content: The author systematically explains ethical review of clinical research protocols used to equip IRB members to protect interests of human participants. He explains terms and concepts that reviewers must understand for compliance with U.S. regulations and describes the materials that ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 May 2008Volume 148, Issue 10Page: 796KeywordsComputer and information sciencesDecision makingInstitutional review boardsQualitative studiesQuestionnairesResearch designResearch ethicsSoftware toolsSurvey researchSystematic reviews ePublished: 20 May 2008 Issue Published: 20 May 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The metabolism of orally and intravenously administered labeled aldosterone in pregnant subjects
Authors: J. F. Tait, B. Little
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Aldosterone metabolism has been shown to be altered in pregnancy. The increased conversion of intravenously administered aldosterone-(3)H to the acid-labile conjugate in the urine (aldosterone 18-glucuronide) has again been observed. The urinary yield of intravenously administered aldosterone-(3)H as aldosterone 18-glucuronide in 16 pregnant subjects of 13.4+/-0.9 (SE)% was significantly higher (P 0.001) than in 11 nonpregnant subjects (seven males and four females) of 7.3+/-0.5 (SE)%. After combining oral ((14)C) and intravenous ((3)H) administration of aldosterone, the (14)C/(3)H ratios of urinary metabolites (free aldosterone, tetrahydroaldosterone glucuronide, and aldosterone 18-glucuronide) were measured and were expressed as a per cent of administered dose. From these data the splanchnic extraction of aldosterone was calculated. The splanchnic extraction was significantly lower in pregnant as compared to nonpregnant subjects, although previous work indicated no change in protein binding of aldosterone in pregnancy.However, the data on the (14)C/(3)H ratio of other metabolites suggested that a large part of the increased aldosterone 18-glucuronide metabolite in pregnancy is formed in the splanchnic circulation; also, there appeared to be increased tetrahydroaldosterone glucuronide formation extrasplanchnically.
Prevention of Infection of Pacemaker Pocket
Authors: Robert L. Richardson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Infection following pacemaker insertion usually requires removal of the unit, with reimplantation at another site.<sup>1,2</sup>A review of our experience with 176 battery implants indicates that preloading with antibiotics is a helpful preventive measure. One hundred thirty-seven patients have received 195 new or replacement pacemaker batteries on the University of Tennessee Thoracic Surgery Service from 1966 to 1973, with 176 implants available for analysis. The most commonly used antibiotics, cephalothin sodium, cephalexin, and nafcillin were employed to support 149 of the 176 implants. Nine patients received no antibiotics, and the rest were divided rather equally among several categories. None of the 13 patients requiring early re-opening of the pacemaker pocket for lead repositioning within one week showed infection. <h3>Results.—</h3> Four of the seven pocket infections occurred in patients not receiving antibiotics, and there were no infections in the group that received both preoperative and postoperative coverage.
Gallium-67-Citrate Accumulation in the Heart with Tumor Involvement
Authors: SAMUEL D. J. YEH, RICHARD S. BENUA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Tumor involvement of the heart is often found in postmortem examination of patients who died of widespread malignancy. Recently, we saw four patients who had intense gallium uptake in the region of the heart. All of them had some cardiac symptoms and abnormal physical findings. Tumor was found in the pericardium and myocardium in all three patients who received necropsy.
Identification of proteomic changes during human liver development by 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry
Authors: Jean Paul Brizard, Jeanne Ramos, Agnés Robert, Daniel Lafitte, Nicole Bigi, Pierre Sarda, Dalila Laoudj-Chenivesse, Francis Navarro, Pierre Blanc, Eric Assenat, Patrick Maurel, Jean-Marc Pascussi, Marie-José Vilarem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Abstract A52: Targeting c-MYC in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer
Authors: Jeyshka Reyes, Cristina Ivan, Anil K. Sood, Pablo E. Vivas-Mejia
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cisplatin has been the most active drug for the treatment of ovarian cancer for the last four decades. Although the majority of patients with ovarian cancer respond to front-line platinum combination chemotherapy, relapse occurs in over 70% of patients, resulting in chemoresistant, fatal disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new therapies focused on targets within cancer cell survival pathways for advanced stage drug resistant ovarian cancer. Evidence indicates that activation of the oncogenic transcription factor c-MYC is involved in such resistance. Furthermore, it has been found that there is a significant association between increasing c-MYC expression and poor survival. Our previous findings indicate that cisplatin-resistant cells express higher c-MYC protein levels when compared to their sensitive counterparts. Importantly, targeting of c-MYC with small interference RNA (siRNA) in the cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line, A2780CP20, induced a significant cell growth arrest and inhibition of cell proliferation. Apoptosis and arrest of cell cycle progression were also observed after siRNA-based silencing of c-MYC. The mRNA expression of c-MYC and clinical data for 373 patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer were downloaded from “The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA) data portal. The log-rank test revealed a significant relationship between the expression of c-MYC and the time of progression/recurrence of the tumor. These data suggests c-MYC as a potential therapeutic target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Jeyshka Reyes, Cristina Ivan, Anil K. Sood, Pablo E. Vivas-Mejia. Targeting c-MYC in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A52.
Children and Guns-Reply
Authors: Garen J. Wintemute
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Coury, Keck, and Kern correctly point out that injuries due to firearm use are far more numerous than deaths due to firearm use. Sadly, current surveillance systems do not report injuries from firearm use. Use of firearms is the eighth leading cause of death in the United States.<sup>1</sup>In California, use of firearms is the number 1 killer of black men aged 15 to 34 years and black women aged 15 to 24 years and ranks second as a killer of all persons aged 15 to 34 years.<sup>2</sup>National firearm mortality rates for women of all ages and for men aged 15 to 34 years are far higher now than at any time previously. For these groups there is, as the authors suggest, a true epidemic of deaths due to firearm use.<sup>1</sup> Stripped of its emotional and symbolic trappings, a firearm is nothing more
Characterization of complement factor H–related (CFHR) proteins in plasma reveals novel genetic variations of CFHR1 associated with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Cynthia Abarrategui-Garrido, Rubén Martínez-Barricarte, Margarita López-Trascasa, Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba, Pilar Sánchez-Corral
Journal: Blood (2009)
Specific affinity between fibronectin and the epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigen.
Authors: D T Woodley, E J O'Keefe, J A McDonald, M J Reese, R A Briggaman, W R Gammon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Autoantibodies in the skin and sera of patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita bind to a large matrix molecule within the lamina densa region of skin basement membrane. At the site of these immune complexes, the epidermis separates from the dermis, which creates a subepidermal blister just below the lamina densa. The target molecule for the autoantibodies is in close apposition to fibronectin, a major extracellular matrix molecule that is abundant in the upper dermis of skin. In this report, we show specific affinity between fibronectin and the 290,000-D chain of the epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigen, and that this affinity is mediated by the gelatin/collagen-binding domain of fibronectin (Mr = 60,000). Since blistering in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita often occurs in the absence of clinical and histological inflammation, a direct interruption in the fibronectin-epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigen bond may be involved in the pathogenesis of epidermal-dermal disadherence that occurs in this bullous disease.
Triplex-forming Peptide Nucleic Acids Induce Heritable Elevations in Gamma-globin Expression in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells
Authors: Joanna Y Chin, Faisal Reza, Peter M Glazer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Potentiating homologous recombination using triplex-forming peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) can be used to mediate targeted sequence editing by donor DNAs and thereby induce functional gene expression to supplant non-functional counterparts. Mutations that disrupt the normal function of the β-globin subunit cause hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease and β-thalassemias. However, expression of the functional γ-globin subunit in adults, a benign condition called hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH), can ameliorate the severity of these disorders, but this expression is normally silenced. Here, we harness triplex-forming PNA-induced donor DNA recombination to create HPFH mutations that increase the expression of γ-globin in adult mammalian cells, including β-yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) bone marrow and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Transfection of human cells led to site-specific modification frequencies of 1.63% using triplex-forming PNA γ-194-3K in conjunction with donor DNAs, compared with 0.29% using donor DNAs alone. We also concurrently modified the γ-globin promoter to insert both HPFH-associated point mutations and a hypoxia-responsive element (HRE), conferring increased expression that was also regulated by oxygen tension. This work demonstrates application of oligonucleotide-based gene therapy to induce a quiescent gene promoter in mammalian cells and regulate its expression via an introduced HRE transcription factor binding site for potential therapeutic purposes.
Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome
Authors: John M Nicholls, Leo LM Poon, Kam C Lee, Wai F Ng, Sik T Lai, Chung Y Leung, Chung M Chu, Pak K Hui, Kong L Mak, Wilna Lim, Kin W Yan, Kwok H Chan, Ngai C Tsang, Yi Guan, Kwok Y Yuen, JS Malik Peiris
Journal: The Lancet (2003)
Regional contractility. Selective depression of ischemic myocardium by verapamil.
Authors: H J Smith, R A Goldstein, J M Griffith, K M Kent, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The effects of verapamil (0.02-0.2 mg/kg) on contractility in normal and partially ischemic myocardium were compared with the changes following propranolol (0.01-1.0 mg/kg). Regional contractile function was studied in open-chest dogs with ultrasonic crystals and ischemia was controlled by graded occlusion of a carotid-to-coronary artery shunt. Reduction in shunt perfusion pressure (40-55 mm Hg) resulted in hypokinesia. Verapamil depressed contractility in ischemic myocardium in 5/5 dogs, but did not alter the maximum velocity of shortening (max V) or end-diastolic segment length in normal myocardium. Propranolol in doses sufficient to depress ischemic myocardium also depressed contractile function in normal myocardium. In two dogs without coronary occlusion, verapamil (up to 1.0 mg/kg) increased end-diastolic segment length but did not reduce max V. We conclude that verapamil selectively depresses ischemic myocardium, a finding that may have clinical implication since ischemic injury can be decreased by reducing contractility (and thereby MVO2).
Passive Stiffness of Myocardium From Congenital Heart Disease and Implications for Diastole
Authors: Rajiv R. Chaturvedi, Todd Herron, Robert Simmons, Darryl Shore, Pankaj Kumar, Babulal Sethia, Felix Chua, Efstathios Vassiliadis, Jonathan C. Kentish
Journal: Circulation (2010)

In ventricular dilatation or hypertrophy, an elevated end-diastolic pressure is often assumed to be secondary to increased myocardial stiffness, but stiffness is rarely measured in vivo because of difficulty. We measured in vitro passive stiffness of volume- or pressure-overloaded myocardium mainly from congenital heart disease.Endocardial ventricular biopsies were obtained at open heart surgery (n=61; pressure overload, 36; volume-overload, 19; dilated cardiomyopathy, 4; normal donors, 2). In vitro passive force-extension curves and the stiffness modulus were measured in skinned tissue: muscle strips, strips with myofilaments extracted (mainly extracellular matrix), and myocytes. Collagen content (n=38) and titin isoforms (n=16) were determined. End-diastolic pressure was measured at cardiac catheterization (n=14). Pressure-overloaded tissue (strips, extracellular matrix, myocytes) had a 2.6- to 7.0-fold greater force and stiffness modulus than volume-overloaded tissue. Myocyte force and stiffness modulus at short stretches (0.05 resting length, L(0)) was pressure-overloaded >normal approximately volume-overloaded>dilated cardiomyopathy. Titin N2B:N2BA isoform ratio varied little between conditions. The extracellular matrix contributed more to force at 0.05 L(0) in pressure-overloaded (35.1%) and volume-overloaded (17.4%) strips than normal myocardium. Stiffness modulus increased with collagen content in pressure-overloaded but not volume-overloaded strips. In vitro stiffness modulus at 0.05 L(0) was a good predictor of in vivo end-diastolic pressure for pressure-overloaded but not volume-overloaded ventricles and estimated normal end-diastolic pressure as 5 to 7 mm Hg.An elevated end-diastolic pressure in pressure-overloaded, but not volume-overloaded, ventricles was related to increased myocardial stiffness. The greater stiffness of pressure-overloaded compared with volume-overloaded myocardium was due to the higher stiffness of both the extracellular matrix and myocytes. The transition from normal to very-low stiffness myocytes may mark irreversible dilatation.
Neurology in the General Hospital
Authors: H. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1958)

To discuss the differences between the practice of neurology in the general and the special hospital is to take advantage of the traditional licence of the opening lecturer to deal with the general rather than with the particular.The subject is one which invites controversy.Functions of the Special Hospital The metropolitan special hospital, of which the National Hospital is an outstanding example, fulfils two main functions.An administrative unit of the National Health Service, it provides a court of appeal at a national level in the difficult clinical problem.Such a splendid diagnostic service is difficult to maintain and easy to undervalue, but it is an inestimable boon to every neurologist working outside London, and to his patients.Even apart from other considerations it fully justifies the existence-and the expense-of the special hospital.Together with responsibility for disseminating the highest standard of current clinical practice by teaching and example, it represents, however, only the topical function of the teaching hospital, its more long-term aim being the development and application of new know- ledge and new methods.Of the many physicians trained in neurology at Queen Square most will spend the rest of their pro-
Controversies regarding hormone therapy: Insights from inflammation and hemostasis
Authors: K KOH, B YOON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Many observational studies and experimental and animal studies have demonstrated that estrogen therapy (ET) or hormone therapy (HT) significantly reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. Nonetheless, recent randomized controlled trials and the Nurses' Health Study in secondary prevention demonstrate trends toward an increased risk of cardiovascular events rather than a reduction of risk from HT. HT has both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects, and it activates coagulation and improves fibrinolysis. These effects depend on the route of administration, doses of estrogen, age of women, and the presence of coronary artery disease or the coexistence of other risk factors for hypercoagulability. In this review, we discuss effects of HT on markers of inflammation, hemostasis, and fibrinolysis that may link endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases. We also briefly discuss effects of lower doses of HT and tibolone in postmenopausal women.