tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in Workers at an Indium Processing Facility
Authors: Kristin J. Cummings, Walter E. Donat, David B. Ettensohn, Victor L. Roggli, Peter Ingram, Kathleen Kreiss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Two cases of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, including one death, occurred in workers at a facility producing indium-tin oxide (ITO), a compound used in recent years to make flat panel displays. Both workers were exposed to airborne ITO dust and had indium in lung tissue specimens. One worker was tested for autoantibodies to granulocytemacrophage–colonystimulating factor (GM-CSF) and found to have an elevated level. These cases suggest that inhalational exposure to ITO causes pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, which may occur via an autoimmune mechanism.
Osteomyelitis after exchange transfusion.
Authors: M E Qureshi, S P Puri
Journal: BMJ (1971)

mobile mass is often palpable, but diagnosis is usually made at laparotomy.Other clinical features and radiology are non- specific.Cysts have been treated by aspiration and marsupialization.Cavernous lymphangiomata necessitate resection, together with the bowel if the blood supply is prejudiced by the tumour or subsequent dissection.Only one cavemous lymphangioma has been reported in the British literature (Walker and Cooper, 1959), but this was not chylous.Blecher (1966) reported the case of a 33-year-old patient with a cavemous chylangioma of the ileocaecal region, and his paper briefly reviews the subject.I wish to thank Mr. A. P. Wyatt for help in preparing this case report,
Local government is given help to prioritise public health schemes
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Public health should be put at the top of local government agendas in England, as it provides good value for money, says the health think tank the King’s Fund.

The charity has produced a set of resources to help councils prioritise public health interventions (www.kingsfund.org.uk/iph). Since April local authorities have been given renewed responsibility for public health, but the King’s Fund said that as yet there have been few resources to help them identify what works.

The resources, together with a report, Improving the Public’s Health: A Resource for …
Unemployment and mortality: comparison of the 1971 and 1981 longitudinal study census samples.
Authors: K A Moser, P O Goldblatt, A J Fox, D R Jones
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Mortality in the period 1981-3 among men in the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys longitudinal study who were seeking work in 1981 was examined to investigate whether the finding of a high mortality rate among a comparable group of men who were followed up from the 1971 Census was repeated despite appreciable changes in the size and structure of the labour force over the intervening years. The pattern of mortality shortly after both censuses suggests that sick unemployed men were not categorised as seeking work, and it is concluded that for both samples the mortality of those who were reported to be seeking work was raised for reasons other than initial poor health. Other findings from the two censuses are also broadly similar. If confirmed after longer follow up this will add considerably to the evidence of the adverse health consequences of unemployment.
An evaluation of the use of a negative interferon-γ release assay for tuberculosis screening before TNF antagonist therapy
Authors: Georgia Woodfield, Benjamin Passey-Heaton, Anob Chakrabarti, Anton Pozniak, Michael R. Loebinger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonists, such as infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept, are widely used to treat immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. These drugs increase the risk of latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (LTBI) reactivation [1, 2]. Tuberculosis (TB) preventative chemotherapy significantly reduces this risk (74%); hence, in the UK, patients are screened for LTBI before starting TNF antagonist therapy [3]. The optimum screening strategy remains unclear. Strategies include combinations of clinical risk stratification data, T-cell interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) tests and tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) [2, 4, 5]. These tests have limitations, and have discordant results when compared [6].

The 2005 British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines recommend the use of risk stratification tables based on population demographics. These balance the likelihood of LTBI with the risk of therapy-induced hepatotoxicity to guide preventative chemotherapy decisions [7].

Since 2005, IGRAs have become widely available and suggested as a TST alternative [8]. Guidelines have suggested that all IGRA-positive patients (unless secondary to previous, fully treated TB) be given preventative chemotherapy prior to commencing TNF antagonist therapy [9]. This generally consists of 6 months of isoniazid, or 3 months of rifampicin and isoniazid [10]. However, the management of IGRA-negative patients is more complex and this study focuses on this.

At our centre, patients with a negative IGRA (enzyme-linked immunospot assay) and normal chest radiography commence TNF antagonist therapy without referral for further LTBI risk assessment. This is based on the improved performance of the IGRA in detecting LTBI compared with the TST, particularly in the context of other immunosuppressive drugs and previous bacille Calmette–Guerin vaccination [2, 11]. This …
P32 A Novel Automated Referral System Using The Electronic Prescription Of Prednisolone &gt;=30 Mg And Nebulised Bronchodilators To The Respiratory Specialist Team Is Robust And Effective
Authors: R. Colclough, T. Avent, K. Breese, C. Craddock, D. Curry, K. Swindells, S. Gompertz
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients admitted to hosptial with an exacerbation of COPD should be cared for by respiratory teams (COPD Quality Standard 10, NICE 2011). The earlier the patient is reviewed by a specialist the greater the impact on length of stay (COPD NICE guideline 101, 2010). A rigorous and rapid referral system is required. A new electronic referral system triggered by the prescription of prednisolone &gt;=30 mg AND nebulised bronchodilators (salbutamol and/or ipratropium) via our Prescribing Information Communication System (PICS) was implimented. This replaced the laborious paper sift of the admissions book for admissions with airway exacerbations. The general medical team was also permitted to refer directly to the respiratory team via email. Referral numbers were compared over a 2-month period to ensure that the new automated system is robust. <h3>Method</h3> The new automated referral was created. Data was collected from the three referral routes a) paper sift, b) automated referral system, c) email from general medical team. Comparison between: a) monthly automated and email referrals was made, b) paper sift and automated referrals route was made. <h3>Results</h3> Each month there were: 262 (mean) admissions screened via paper sift of which 96 (mean) were inappropriate (36%). No patients identified by paper sift or email were missed by the automated system. 138 (mean) automated referrals- time from admission to automated referral 13 h (mean) 10–16 h (range). 75 (mean) email referrals - time from admission to email referral 104 h (mean)- 96–112 (range). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Paper sift is time costly and laborious with a third of referrals inappropriate. Automated referrals are sent 91 (mean) hours quicker than emai referrals. Automated referrals reduce the delay between admission and specialist review. They can be received from any location in the hospital throughout the day using Smart Phones. The automated referral eliminates the need for once daily paper sifting of the admission book, and replaces it with a more timely and robust method of directing the specialist respiratory team to the patient’s bedside.
On Death and Dying
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Most people, even doctors, don't like to think, talk, or read about death. Even so, I hope a great many will read this book. Although a doctor may have cared for many dying patients, most likely he has given so much thought and effort to their physical care, to attempted prolongation of their life, that he has tended to neglect their personal, emotional needs. In fact, conscientious doctors may be so troubled by their inability to cure an illness, to save a life, that they avoid contact with their moribund patients. They will rationalize that there is nothing more they can do, or they will busy themselves with physical and pharmacological procedures, but avoid talking or listening to the doomed human being. Dr. Kübler-Ross, a psychiatrist, has spent several years interviewing dying patients and their relatives. She has conducted seminars for students and hospital personnel in which patients have had
Steroid-sparing effects of fluticasone propionate 100 μg and salmeterol 50 μg administered twice daily in a single product in patients previously controlled with fluticasone propionate 250 μg administered twice daily
Authors: William Busse, Steven M. Koenig, John Oppenheimer, Steven A. Sahn, Steven W. Yancey, Donna Reilly, Lisa D. Edwards, Paul M. Dorinsky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
A CASE OF TETANUS TREATED BY INTRASPINAL AND INTRANEURAL INJECTIONS OF ANTITOXIN.
Authors: E. DUNSTER KREMERS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The following case of tetanus, cured by the antitoxin treatment, is reported as an addition to the list of those already published as treated by this method: <h3>Patient.</h3> —J. V. Z., aged 32, male, American, married. <h3>History.</h3> —On Nov. 23, 1905, whil working near the barn, the patient stepped on a rusty nail, which penetrated the left foot for a depth of about three-quarters of an inch. The wound bled freely. It was dressed with an external application of one of the common clay and glycerin poultices and healed without any trouble. On December 1 the man worked out in the field in cold weather and became thoroughly chilled. He soon began to complain of stiffness in the chest, which increased and spread to the back, legs and jaw. This was on the ninth and tenth days after the injury, and the stiffness was thought to be due to rheumatism.
Ligand-mediated selective targeting of adenovirus in metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: MA Stoff-Khalili, S Bhatia, Y Odaka, XL Li, J Podduturi, L Smart, P Mallmann, RK Schmutzler, DT Curiel, MJ Mathis
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2126 The success of gene therapy relies on efficient and targeted delivery systems. Adenovirus vectors have a number of advantages for gene therapy. However, because of their lack of tumor tropism and their tendency to induce liver infection following systemic administration, they cannot be used for systemic attack on metastatic disease. Many solid tumors (e.g., colon, lung, and breast) and hematopoietic tumors over express the chemokine receptor CXCR4. CXCR4 belongs to the large superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors, and is known to participate in a number of biological processes including organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and immune response. Recent evidence has highlighted the role of CXCR4 in cancer, particularly in cancer metastasis due to dysregulation of the receptor leading to enhanced signaling. The present study addresses this issue by retargeting adenovirus to the breast cancer cells overexpressing CXCR4 receptor. We used sCAR-T4-CXCL12, a bispecific adaptor molecule with the ectodomain of CAR linked by the T4 fibritin trimerization motif to the human CXCR4 ligand CXCL12 (also known as SDF-1). The sCAR-T4-CXCL12 should therefore be useful in retargeting adenovirus vectors to CXCR4-positive metastases. Infectivity assays in the absence as well as presence of ligand were performed in human breast cancer MDA-MB-435 cells. Cells were infected with different titres of Ad-CMV-GFP-Luc with and without ligand. Forty-eight hours post-infection, cells were harvested and analysed for the GFP expression by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. It was further interesting to observe the time-dependence of infectivity curve. For this purpose, MDA-MB-435 cells were incubated with optimum titre of Ad-CMV-GFP-Luc vector in the presence of CXCR4 targeting ligand at different time intervals. This was followed by expression analysis of GFP protein by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Quantification by flow cytometry demonstrated a dramatic 20- to 40-fold increase in the infectivity of MDA-MB-435 cells both in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner using the sCAR-T4-CXCL12 targeted adenovirus compared to the untargeted vector. In this report, we show that sCAR-T4-CXCL12 can significantly redirect an adenoviral gene therapy vector to CXCR4-positive breast cancer cells in culture. This bispecific ligand should, therefore, be a powerful agent to retarget adenovirus vectors to tumor metastases. The future goal is to investigate the capacity of this agent to re-direct adenoviral vectors in vivo using breast cancer metastasis models. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2126.
Effect of fibronectin on the Crithidia luciliae test for anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies.
Authors: K E Herbert, E Jeffery, D L Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The various tests for anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies do not always agree. Plasma fibronectin specifically binds DNA, is a component of immune complexes, and shows variations in concentration with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. It may therefore interfere with the detection of DNA autoantibodies. This possibility was examined in a series of studies using the Crithidia luciliae test. Studies were based on serum samples received during one year (250 samples). Serum samples from 50 patients which were positive or weakly positive in the C luciliae test were used. In blocking experiments fibronectin was added either to the wells or to the serum. In a second series of experiments fibronectin was depleted by affinity chromatography from six serum samples with weak anti-DNA staining. Preincubation of wells with fibronectin or addition of fibronectin to serum invariably blocked the interaction of anti-DNA antibodies with the C luciliae kinetoplast. When fibronectin was removed from serum the intensity of staining was increased. These results indicate that fibronectin influences the detection of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies using C luciliae and may explain the disparity between the results of different tests for DNA antibodies. Furthermore, the unmasking of positive reactivity when fibronectin is removed from serum has implications for the diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Cancers, Version 1.2015
Authors: Jaffer A. Ajani, Thomas A. D’Amico, Khaldoun Almhanna, David J. Bentrem, Stephen Besh, Joseph Chao, Prajnan Das, Crystal Denlinger, Paul Fanta, Charles S. Fuchs, Hans Gerdes, Robert E. Glasgow, James A. Hayman, Steven Hochwald, Wayne L. Hofstetter, David H. Ilson, Dawn Jaroszewski, Kory Jasperson, Rajesh N. Keswani, Lawrence R. Kleinberg, W. Michael Korn, Stephen Leong, A. Craig Lockhart, Mary F. Mulcahy, Mark B. Orringer, James A. Posey, George A. Poultsides, Aaron R. Sasson, Walter J. Scott, Vivian E. Strong, Thomas K. Varghese, Mary Kay Washington, Christopher G. Willett, Cameron D. Wright, Debra Zelman, Nicole McMillian, Hema Sundar
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Esophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Adenocarcinoma is more common in North America and Western European countries, originating mostly in the lower third of the esophagus, which often involves the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). Recent randomized trials have shown that the addition of preoperative chemoradiation or perioperative chemotherapy to surgery significantly improves survival in patients with resectable cancer. Targeted therapies with trastuzumab and ramucirumab have produced encouraging results in the treatment of advanced or metastatic EGJ adenocarcinomas. Multidisciplinary team management is essential for patients with esophageal and EGJ cancers. This portion of the NCCN Guidelines for Esophageal and EGJ Cancers discusses management of locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and EGJ.
Medicaid Coverage of Oral Rehydration Solutions
Authors: Mitchell B. Cohen, Judy Hardin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: Oral rehydration solutions have been recommended for the treatment and prevention of dehydration due to diarrhea in the United States1,2 and worldwide3. Although several of these solutions are commercially available in the United States, they are not uniformly available to indigent children4. During the period March 5 through 18, 1993, we contacted by telephone the Medicaid agency in each state and in the District of Columbia. In this survey, we sought to determine whether Pedialyte (National Drug Code 0074-6470-32), Ricelyte (0087-1403-42), and Rehydralyte (0074-0162-01), the three most commonly used oral rehydration solutions in the . . .
Response of high-energy phosphates and lactate release during prolonged regional ischemia in vivo.
Authors: S Schaefer, G G Schwartz, J A Wisneski, S D Trocha, I Christoph, S K Steinman, J Garcia, B M Massie, M W Weiner
Journal: Circulation (1992)

The functional impairment of persistently ischemic, or "hibernating," myocardium may serve to maintain myocardial cell viability through a reduction of energy requirements. Although previous studies have, in a variety of experimental models, independently shown variable responses in lactate metabolism and intracellular phosphates during prolonged ischemia, the responses of these metabolites under identical flow conditions have not been adequately described.To examine the responses of high-energy phosphates and lactate metabolism to prolonged ischemia induced by partial coronary artery stenosis, 12 open-chest pigs were studied using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Concurrent measurements of blood flow, segment shortening, high-energy phosphates, and lactate release (in nine animals) were made during 2 hours of regional ischemia. Subendocardial blood flow and segment shortening were persistently depressed during ischemia, with parallel reductions in ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), and the ratio of phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi). Pi was persistently elevated during the ischemic period. In contrast, lactate release increased significantly from 0.23 +/- 0.04 to 1.34 +/- 0.28 mumol/ml after 15 minutes of ischemia (p less than 0.05) but then decreased to 0.73 +/- 0.17 mumol/ml at 2 hours (p less than 0.05 versus 15 minutes, p = NS versus control). Similarly, pH increased significantly from a nadir of 6.82 +/- 0.07 at 30 minutes of ischemia to 6.98 +/- 0.05 at 2 hours.Changes in high-energy phosphates parallel changes in blood flow and function during prolonged ischemia, whereas there is a partial amelioration in lactate production and acidosis. These data support the concept that reduction of myocardial energy requirements during prolonged flow reduction results in signs of reduced ischemia.
812 HEPATITIS C VIRUS-SPECIFIC EFFECTOR AND REGULATORY CD4+ T CELLS IN PRIMARY INFECTION RESULTING IN CLEARANCE OR CHRONIC INFECTION
Authors: P.B. Sugden, M. Hunter, E. Keoshkerian, B. Cameron, A. Zekry, J. Zaunders, N. Sediki, T. Kelleher, A. Lloyd
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Scintigraphic Appearance of Albuterol-Induced Inhibition of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction
Authors: DANIEL F. WORSLEY, ABASS ALAVI, ELLEN KIM, HAROLD I. PALEVSKY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Alveolar hypoxia is known to result in localized pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction. As a consequence, blood is diverted from poorly ventilated alveoli, maintaining ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) matching and thereby reducing the deleterious effects on gas exchange. An incomplete alveolar hypoxic vasoconstrictive response can be easily demonstrated by radionuclide V/Q lung scanning. A case of albuterol-induced inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is described in a patient with steroid-dependent asthma. The utility of V/Q lung scanning as a simple, noninvasive test to detect this phenomenon in patients with primary airway disorders who deteriorate despite appropriate therapy is also briefly discussed.
Inflammation of the gastro-oesophageal junction (carditis) in patients with symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a prospective study
Authors: T Lembo, A F Ippoliti, C Ramers, W M Weinstein
Journal: Gut (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Recent data have suggested that cardia biopsy specimens may be more reflective of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) than squamous biopsy specimens. <h3>AIMS</h3> To assess the distribution, severity, and types of mucosal injury in GORD. <h3>PATIENTS</h3> Thirty patients with symptomatic GORD with no or minimal erosions. <h3>METHODS</h3> Biopsies were performed at the squamocolumnar junction (Z-line) and 1–2 cm below the Z-line. Injury to the columnar mucosa was scored for inflammatory cells, epithelial cell abnormalities, and for the presence of intestinal metaplasia and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>. A carditis score above 2 was considered positive (maximum score = 9). <h3>RESULTS</h3> Mean carditis scores and percentages of patients with a positive carditis score were higher in Z-line biopsy specimens containing both squamous and columnar mucosa than in those with just columnar mucosa or in specimens taken 1–2 cm below the Z-line. Carditis at the Z-line was focal in 49% of the specimens and was always present adjacent to the squamous epithelium. Goblet cells were present more frequently in the specimens immediately at the Z-line than in those 1–2 cm below the Z-line.<i>H pylori</i> was present in only four patients. The mean carditis scores of specimens 1–2 cm below the Z-line in these patients was significantly higher than in those patients without<i>H pylori</i>. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Mucosal injury at the gastric cardia is highly localised to the region adjacent to the squamocolumnar junction in patients with GORD. Morphological studies of the cardia in GORD should focus on tissue samples that contain both squamous and columnar epithelium in order to obtain an accurate picture of the spectrum of injury.