tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IMMEDIATE AND FOLLOW UP RESULTS OF ELECTROSHOCK THERAPY
Authors: LAUREN H. SMITH, DONALD W. HASTINGS, JOSEPH HUGHES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1943)

Results of the follow up study of 279 patients who received electroshock therapy indicate that this treatment is very effective in the treatment of involutional melancholia and manic-depressive psychosis. The percentage of recoveries reported for this group is slightly less but comparable with that reported one year ago(2). Manic patients do not hold their recovery as well as those who have an agitated depression. There is no evidence to indicate that electroshock treatments may prevent future psychotic attacks, nor that it might interfere with spontaneous clinical recovery. Electroshock therapy is not effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. It is of doubtful value in the treatment of psychoneuroses. Traumatic skeletal injuries may be decreased by the use of intocostrin (Squibb). Cardiac and pulmonary complications, vasomotor collapse, spasticity, subconjunctival hemorrhages may develop. Memory changes always occur to some degree during the course of treatment. These memory defects do not seem to be ...
Multi-detector row computed tomography in imaging of interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Hanaa Shafiek, Mohamed Elhoffy, Ahmed Mohalal, Alaa Eldin Abd-Elhamid, Hani Abd-Elazim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Study objective: To test the role of multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) in the imaging of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs).

Patients and Methods: The present study included 50 patients with ILDs. The diagnosis was based on clinical background, restrictive pulmonary defect and conclusive radiographic or histopathologic findings. All patients were studied using 16-slice MDCT with post-processing new modalities including maximum intensity projection (MIP), minimum intensity projection (MinIP), multiplanar reformatted (MPR) and three-dimensional volume rendering (VR).

Results: Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) were in 46%, sarcoidosis in 26%, Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) in 8%, extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) in 8%, scleroderma in 8%, lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) in 2% and lymphangitis carcinomatosis in 2%. MDCT findings included the pattern of parenchymal abnormalities, anatomical distribution, and associated findings. Basal sub-pleural honey-combing was the predominant MDCT findings in usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), patchy consolidation in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), ground-glass opacities in other IIPs types and EAA, upper lung zones cystic lesions with different sizes of peribronchial nodular opacities in LCH and uniformly distributed cystic lesions in LAM, perilymphatic small well defined nodules in sarcoidosis and peribronchovascular different sized nodular opacities in lymphangitis carcinomatosis.

Conclusion: MDCT of the chest helps better detection, assessment of distribution, evaluation of extent, and characterization of different findings in ILDs, hence increasing the confidence in the diagnosis.
Molecular assay for tuberculous pleural effusion
Authors: Doina Rusu, Dumitru Chesov, Victor Botnaru
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common causes of pleural effusion in a high burden country. The definitive diagnosis depends on the demonstration of M.tuberculosis in the sputum, pleural fluid or pleural biopsy specimens. In the most cases, the pleural fuid is paucibacillary, that decreases the sensitivity of diagnostic tests. Biomarkers appear to be useful, but underused. Nucleic acid amplification (NAA) techniques, the most promising development in TB diagnostics, have been shown to have high specificity, but limited and variable sensitivity, especially for smear-negative specimens.  Objectives: to evaluate the role of molecular tests in TB pleural effusion diagnosis.  Methods: pleural effusions from 57 TB patients, mean age 41±11 years, admitted to the Phthisiopneumology Service during 6 months, were examinated for M.tuberculosis (by smear microscopy, culture on solid and liquid media (Bactec MGYT), and molecular tests (ProbeTec, Xpert MBT/Rif)).  Results: all pleural fluids were smear-negative by microscopy. M.tuberculosis was identified by culture in 16% (8/57) of cases and by molecular tests in 19% (9/57) of cases, p>0,05. No correlation was found with age, sex, symptoms duration, fluid amount (by ultrasound) on admission day.  Conclusion: Diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis presents many challenges, due to paucibacillary specimens. NAA assays can clearly contribute in the diagnosis of tuberculous effusion, and molecular methods seem similar to culture. As accuracy of diagnosis is reduced, clinicians rely usually on clinical judgement and response to treatment. Definitive diagnosis of TB pleuritis often requires pleural biopsy.
What is publication bias in a meta-analysis?
Authors: Philip Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Researchers undertook a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, including eszopiclone, zaleplon, and zolpidem. Randomised controlled trials were included if they were double blind, placebo controlled, and had parallel treatment groups. Participants were adults with primary insomnia (transient or chronic). The main outcomes were polysomnographic and subjective measurements of sleep latency.1 Thirteen trials were eligible for inclusion. When the results of the trials were combined, non-benzodiazepine hypnotics showed a significant improvement (reduction) in the main outcome of polysomnographic sleep latency compared with placebo (weighted mean raw difference −22.0 minutes, 95% confidence interval −33.0 to −11.0). Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics showed a small improvement in subjective sleep latency although the change was not significant (−6.9 minutes, −26.0 to 12.4). Improvements in sleep latency did not vary between individual hypnotics. The researchers also reported that Egger's test showed no evidence that the results were significantly affected by publication bias. Which of the following, if any, would have resulted in publication bias?
Apolipoprotein E Is Required for Cell Proliferation and Survival in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Yu-Chi Chen, Gudrun Pohl, Tian-Li Wang, Patrice J. Morin, Björn Risberg, Gunnar B. Kristensen, Albert Yu, Ben Davidson, Ie-Ming Shih
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been recently identified as a potential tumor-associated marker in ovarian cancer by serial analysis of gene expression. ApoE has long been known to play a key role in lipid transport, and its specific isoforms may participate in atherosclerogenesis. However, its role in human cancer is not known. In this study, apoE expression was frequently detected in ovarian serous carcinomas, the most common and lethal type of ovarian cancer. It was not detected in serous borderline tumors and normal ovarian surface epithelium. Inhibition of apoE expression using an apoE-specific siRNA led to G(2) cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in an apoE-expressing ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR3, but not in apoE-negative cell lines. Furthermore, the phenotype of apoE siRNA-treated OVCAR3 cells was reversed by expressing engineered mutant apoE with introduced silent mutations in the siRNA target sequence. Expression of apoE in nuclei was significantly associated with a better survival in patients who presented peritoneal effusion at the time of diagnosis (5-year follow-up, P = 0.004). This study suggests a new role of apoE in cancer as apoE expression is important for the proliferation and survival in apoE-expressing ovarian cancer cells.
PD-L1 is a potential negative prognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer: A 5-year-follow-up study
Authors: Jian An Huang, Yan Bin Chen, Chuan Yong Mu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objectives:  We found programmed death-1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was a negative prognosis factor for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for 3 years follow-up in our previous study. In order to further confirm our study result, we followed up 5 years and picked up some different patients with NSCLC underwent surgical resection in the same period in our hospital.   Methods:  PD-L1 expression in 120 NSCLC tissue specimens and 10 benign control samples embedded with wax were retrospectively detected by immunohistochemistry.   Results:  No PD-L1 expression was found in 10 benign controls, while 57.5% tissue specimens of NSCLC had PD-L1 expression. There was no relationship between PD-L1 expression and patient age, gender, histopathological type. However, PD-L1 expression was significantly correlated to the degree of tumor cell differentiation, local lymph node metastasis, stage of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) and survival time of patients. Poor tumor cell differentiation, local lymph node metastasis, and advanced stage of TNM were related with higher PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 negative NSCLC patients had longer overall 5-year survival time compared with PD-L1 positive ones ( P  2  = 18.153, RR = 2.946, P   Conclusion:  Up-regulated PD-L1 expression in NSCLC is related with the degree of tumor cell differentiation, local lymph node metastasis and stage of TNM. PD-L1 expression is an important risk factor associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC.
Basophils exhibit antibacterial activity through extracellular trap formation
Authors: S. Yousefi, M. Morshed, P. Amini, D. Stojkov, D. Simon, S. von Gunten, T. Kaufmann, H.‐U. Simon
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Abstract Basophils are primarily associated with immunomodulatory functions in allergic diseases and parasitic infections. Recently, it has been demonstrated that both activated human and mouse basophils can form extracellular DNA traps ( BET s) containing mitochondrial DNA and granule proteins. In this report, we provide evidence that, in spite of an apparent lack of phagocytic activity, basophils can kill bacteria through BET formation.
Evidence of impaired spontaneous baroreceptor sensitivity in patients with COPD as a potential link to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
Authors: Sherwin Asadi, Victoria Wieser, Robab Breyer-Kohansal, Irene Firlinger, Otto Burghuber, Arschang Valipour
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objectives: Recent studies suggest reduced cardiac filling pressures in patients with COPD due to hyperinflation. A reduction in cardiac preload may result in unloading of baroreceptors. We thus investigated spontaneous baroreceptor sensitivity, an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, in patients with COPD and controls.

Methods: 33 patients with severe airflow obstruction but free from clinical cardiovascular disease (age 64±7yrs, BMI 23±4 kg/sqm, FEV1 27±7%, TLC 140±19%) and 12 age, gender, and body-weight matched controls without airflow obstruction were studied. Spontaneous baroreceptor activity was measured using the sequence method during resting conditions. The baroreceptor effectiveness index was calculated from the total number of baroreceptor sequences divided by the total number of systolic blood pressure ramps.

Results: The mean slope of spontaneous baroreceptor sequences (7.0±4.7msec/mmHg vs. 13.5±6.4msec/mmHg, p<0.01) and the baroreceptor effectiveness index (71±54 vs. 103±34, p<0.05) were significantly lower in patients with COPD than controls. There was a significant inverse relationship between the slope of baroreceptor sensitivity (r = -0.302, p < 0.05) and baroreceptor effectiveness index (r = - 0.391, p < 0.01) with RV/TLC ratio. There were no such associations with airflow obstruction.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate a link between hyperinflation and baroreceptor function in patients with COPD.
The use of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells for the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Authors: J S Weber, J C Yang, S L Topalian, D J Schwartzentruber, D E White, S A Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

The study was undertaken to assess whether immunotherapy regimens with bolus high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) alone or with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are active in previously treated, relapsed patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.Nineteen patients with low- or intermediate-grade lymphomas were treated with bolus high-dose IL-2 alone (11 patients) or IL-2 with LAK cells (eight patients). IL-2 was administered by intravenous bolus infusion at 720,000 IU/kg every 8 hours. Eight patients had low-grade histologies; 11 patients were intermediate-grade. Eighteen patients had received second- or third-generation combination chemotherapy, and eight had also received radiation. All 19 relapsed after a median of two chemotherapy regimens.Four responses were observed, three partial and one complete, in patients with follicular histologies who received IL-2 with LAK cells. Response durations were 10, 16, 16, and 26 months, and three responders were re-treated after relapse with subsequent disease control for an additional 16, 39+, and 2+ months, respectively.High-dose, bolus IL-2-based immunotherapy with LAK cells may be an effective treatment for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and merits further testing with larger numbers of patients in phase II trials.
Pecularities of lung cancer in patients with COPD
Authors: Olga Lukina, Alexandra Speranskaya, Alexander Hristolubov, Andrey Litvinov, Vasiliy Trofimiov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The aim of the study was to determine main causes of mistakes in radiologic diagnose of lung cancer in patients with COPD. We examined 201 patients with moderate and severe COPD admitted to hospital during exacerbation. All patients were examined by MDCT angiography interpreted by two experienced radiologists, also previous CT scans were compared with the acquired data.

We founded cancer of main bronchi in 15,3% of patients with severe, and in 8,6% of patients with moderate COPD. Peripheral lesions were observed in 17,9% of patients with severe and 5,5% of patients with moderate COPD with significant interobserver consensus. During analysis of earlier CT examinations (a 5 year period) in 1,9% central cancer was not determined on early stage of disease, because study was performed without contrast enchancement. Peripheral neoplasms were not determined because of peribullous growth, looking like thickening of the wall of bulla in 1.4% of patients, cancer growing in the place of fibrosis - 0,4%, fluid of different genesis in bullas in 1.4% of patients. Interobserver consensus was significant in determination of lesions on previous scans. We observed a group of patients after lung volume reduction surgery who were thoughtfully examined before the treatment and who than developed different types of cancer in a short period after the surgery. No evidence of malignancy was founded on previous scans, so we can only speculate that surgery and changes in circulation were triggering mechanisms in the extraordinary quick development of tumors.

Thus we can suppose that in patients with COPD contrast enchancement is strongly recommended for early diagnose of tumors, and patients after LVRS should be examined by CT after surgery.
LSC 2012 abstract - Neutrophil trafficking in acute lung injury: A novel human ex vivo model
Authors: Alastair Proudfoot, Charlotte Summers, Timothy Jackson, Matthew Hind, Mark Griffiths
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Activation and migration of neutrophils into the lung is a central factor in both the onset and progression of acute lung injury (ALI). The assessment of neutrophil biology and trafficking in the lung is fraught with methodological pitfalls.

Human ex vivo ALI models could provide a tractable platform with which to investigate neutrophil trafficking in the lung.

Human lungs from brain dead donors (N=3) were cold preserved and transferred to our institution. Lungs were placed on an ex vivo lung perfusion circuit and following rewarming, E Coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 6mg) was injected intra-bronchially into the RML. The LLL was used as the control. CT images, tissue biopsies and BALF for cytopsin preparations were taken at T=0 and 4 hours after LPS injury.

CT Images showed ground glass infiltrate in the RML at 4 hours with otherwise normal lung by CT criteria (Figure 1). Compared to control lung (Figure 2A), at 4 hours, LPS injured lung (Figure 2B) demonstrated a neutrophilc alveolitis while BAL cytopsin of LPS injured lung showed a predominance of neutrophils (Figure 2C).

Further characterisation of this novel model allied with established methodology in pulmonary neutrophil trafficking will provide a powerful tool to investigate neutrophil biology in human ALI.

Fig.1 CT image of LPS injured lung at 4 hours

![Figure][1] 



Figure 2

![Figure][1]  [1]: pending:yes
Survival in COPD patients with hospitalization due to exacerbation
Authors: Marcel Jose Rodriguez Guzman, Itziar Fernandez Ormaechea, Laura Alvarez Suarez, Maria Teresa Perez Warnisher, Ramon Martinez Carranza, German Peces-Barba, Felipe Villar Alvarez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background / Objectives  The increase in the number of exacerbations and comorbidities in COPD carries a worse prognosis and survival. The new GOLD 2014 classification includes patients with one hospital exacerbation in the C and D groups. Our goal was to observe in a cohort of COPD patients, the overall survival and relate it with the number of exacerbations and associated comorbidity.  Methods  Retrospective, observational study of COPD patients, hospitalized with at least one exacerbation in 2009. Subsequently we followed to determine overall survival at 3 years and related to the number of exacerbations, comorbidity measured by the Charlson index, the new 2014 GOLD and phenotype classification by GesEPOC guide.  Results  212 patients, 77.8 % men and 22.2% women were studied, mean age of 73.32 + 9.98 years, mean FEV1 of 48.68 + 16.85%, number of exacerbations average of 1.94 + 1.31, the mean value of 2.3 + mMRC scale and index 0.9 Average Charlson 5.84 + 2.02. At follow-up, 89 patients died. Median survival could not be calculated because follow up finished with a cummulative survival greater than 50 %. The age-adjusted survival was lower in exacerbator phenotypes (C and D ) of the GesEPOC (HR 2.142, CI 95 % 1390-3303 , p : 0.0004 ). The risk of mortality in patients with Charlson index > 5 is 72.1 % ( HR: 1.721 , CI: 1077-2749, p : 0.0184 ). Finally, our patients with > 2 exacerbations in a year, have a 84 % risk of death ( HR: 1.841 , CI 95 % 1205-2812 , p : 0.0044)  Conclusions  In our population of patients hospitalized for at least one exacerbation COPD, survival decreased in patients with more exacerbations and comorbidity measured by the Charlson index and was lower in exacerbator phenotypes of the GesEPOC.
A randomized phase II feasibility study of adjuvant cisplatin/docetaxel (CisD) or cisplatin/vinorelbine (CisV) in patients (pts) resected stage IB-II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Interim analysis
Authors: D. Galdermans, P. Driesen, F. Bustin, M. Lambrechts, K. Deschepper, I. Stappaerts, D. Verresen, A. Janssens, P. R. Germonpré
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

7594 Background: Several randomized phase III trials in early-stage NSCLC, have shown that Cis-VRB adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival; however, compliance with adjuvant chemotherapy has been problematic. A recent meta-analysis in pts with advanced NSCLC found a significant survival benefit associated with docetaxel-based therapy relative to vinca alkaloid-based therapy. Methods: Eligibility criteria included completely resected pathologic stage IB-II NSCLC, age 28–75 years, start of chemotherapy within 60 days of resection, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) 70–100, adequate organ function, and informed consent. Patients were randomized (2:1) to treatment with adjuvant Cis-Doc (Cis and Doc both 75 mg/m2 on day 1) or Cis-VRB (Cis 80 mg/m2 on day 1; VRB 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8) every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. The primary endpoint was success of treatment delivery (defined as at least 3 cycles of chemo with a relative dose intensity of ≥80%). A two-staged Bryant and Day design was (total sample size 99 pts) used. The results of the pre-planned interim analysis are presented here. Results: From Dec 2005 to May 2007, 38 pts (29 males, 9 females; median age, 62 years) were randomized (Cis-Doc 26/ Cis-VRB 12). Histologic types included adenocarcinoma (n=22), squamous cell carcinoma (n=12), large cell carcinoma (n=3), and adenosquamous carcinoma (n=1). Pathologic stages included stage IB (n=26), stage IIA (n=5), stage IIB (n=7). Resection consisted of lobectomy (n=29), sleeve lobectomy (n=2) and pneumonectomy (n=7). In arm Cis-Doc 21 pts (81%) and in arm Cis-VRB 12 pts (100%) completed ≥3 cycles. Dose intensity (mg/m2.wk) was: Cis 24.2 and Doc 24.3 in Cis-Doc arm and Cis 23.8 and VRB 15.4 in Cis-VRB arm. Relative dose intensity was Cis-Doc 97%/97% and Cis-VRB 89%/92%. Reasons for discontinuing treatment before the third cycle: pt withdrew from treatment (n=4), renal failure (n=1). Therapy was well tolerated and no treatment-related deaths were observed. Conclusions: These findings indicate that adjuvant therapy with 3-weekly shedules of Cis-Doc or Cis-VRB results in a good chemotherapy compliance and dose intensity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Mycobacterium genavense in the Netherlands: an opportunistic pathogen in HIV and non-HIV immunocompromised patients. An observational study in 14 cases
Authors: W. Hoefsloot, J. van Ingen, E.J.G. Peters, C. Magis-Escurra, P.N.R. Dekhuijzen, M.J. Boeree, D. van Soolingen
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins in five African and two Vietnamese major towns: multiclonal population structure with two major international clonal groups, CG15 and CG258
Authors: S. Breurec, N. Guessennd, M. Timinouni, T.T.H. Le, V. Cao, A. Ngandjio, F. Randrianirina, J.M. Thiberge, A. Kinana, A. Dufougeray, J.D. Perrier-Gros-Claude, P. Boisier, B. Garin, S. Brisse
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Onychodermis (specialized nail mesenchyme) containing onychofibroblasts in horizontal sections of the nail unit
Authors: D.‐Y. Lee, J.‐H. Park, H.‐T. Shin, K.‐T. Jang, G.‐Y. Kwon, J.‐S. Shim
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Onychodermis (specialized nail mesenchyme) containing onychofibroblasts in horizontal sections of the nail unit Get access D.‐Y. Lee, D.‐Y. Lee Departments of Dermatology, *Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.‐H. Park, J.‐H. Park Departments of Dermatology, *Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.‐T. Shin, H.‐T. Shin Departments of Dermatology, *Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.‐T. Jang, K.‐T. Jang Departments of Dermatology, *Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.‐Y. Kwon, G.‐Y. Kwon Departments of Dermatology, *Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.‐S. Shim J.‐S. Shim †Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon‐dong, Kangnam‐gu, Seoul 135‐710, Korea E‐mail: dylee@skku.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 166, Issue 5, 1 May 2012, Pages 1127–1129, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10722.x Published: 01 May 2012