tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Charles V. Chapin and the public health movement.
Authors: John H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1963)

For all our romanticizing about "the good old days," no one could seriously mean it if he stopped long enough to consider what it means. We only have to travel to the cities of the Arabic world or to the Orient to recapture the smells of the American cities as recently as 75 years ago. Fortunately, the olfactory nerve fatigues easily, which enabled our grandparents to survive the stench of metropolitan America. Nonetheless, we of today owe a great debt of gratitude to the leaders in the public health movement and especially to Charles V. Chapin of Providence, R.I. for his part in this movement. His home town was the microcosm where he put his public health reforms into practice. As health officer for Providence, Chapin instituted programs for garbage control, an adequate sewer system, excellent water purification, and the control of tuberculosis and other communicable diseases. The story of
Possible role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in erythropoietic suppression by endotoxin and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Authors: K. B. Udupa, B. G. Sharma
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Injection of bacterial endotoxin or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) into exhypoxic polycythemic mice simultaneously with erythropoietin (EPO) suppressed erythroid cell formation, as monitored by 59Fe incorporation into circulating red blood cells. This effect was dose-dependent and time-dependent. GM-CSF did not inhibit erythroid cell formation directly, as the antibody to the GM-CSF did not neutralize the effect of endotoxin, the inducer of GM-CSF. The suppression of both agents could be partially corrected by prior injection of a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα). These results indicate that the suppression of EPO-induced erythroid cell formation by endotoxin and GM-CSF was due in part to the production of TNFα. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Blood Product Immunosuppression and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: RICHARD J. ABLIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1986Blood Product Immunosuppression and the Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeRICHARD J. ABLIN, Ph.D., JOHN M. BARTKUS, B.S., MAURICE J. GONDER, M.D.RICHARD J. ABLIN, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN M. BARTKUS, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, MAURICE J. GONDER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-1-130_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In reference to the recent update on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1) and our earlier letter of possible immunosuppressive factors in blood products (2), we wish to present our further observations.Our earlier hypothesis (3) suggested that access of immunocompetent cells to the allogeneic enzyme transglutaminase, which is abundant in seminal plasma and present in antihemophilic factor(s) as factor XIII, is the possible common denominator contributing to immunosuppression in homosexuals and hemophiliacs. Accumulating data in our laboratory support this view.Immunochemical studies have permitted the identification of factor XIII in preparations of factor VIII, and studies...References1. FAUCIMASURGELMANNMARKHAMHAHNLANE AHEPBH. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an update. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:800-13. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ABLINGONDER RM. Possible immunosuppressive factors in blood products [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:155-6. LinkGoogle Scholar3. ABLIN R. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: toward a possible explanation of its etiology. IRCS Med Sci. 1983;11:766-7. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: State University of New York at Stony Brook School of Medicine Stony Brook, NY 11794 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByImmunological Dysregulation of Lymph Nodes in AIDS PatientsDelayed detection of congenital hearing loss.Treatment of viral pharyngitis or flu.Justice versus equity for haemophiliacs with AIDS.Correction: A new new general practicePrognostische Relevanz immunologischer Untersuchungsbefunde bei HIV-infizierten HämophilenA noninfectious copathogenesis of AIDSCorrection: Blood Product Immunosuppression and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 1 January 1986Volume 104, Issue 1Page: 130-130KeywordsAIDSBloodCellsEnzymesHomosexualsImmunosuppressivesResearch laboratoriesSemen Issue Published: 1 January 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Fractures of the Os Calcis
Authors: Carter R. Rowe
Journal: JAMA (1963)

On the basis of 1 to 20 years of observation of 146 patients with 154 fractures of the os calcis, five types of fracture are described. In the three simpler types (68 cases) conservative treatment never failed. In Type 4 (38 fractures extending into the subtalar joint), the over-all treatment failed completely in 27%, closed treatment gave good or excellent results in 50%. In Type 5 (48 complete comminuted fractures with central depression), though they appeared more severe, there were failures in only 15%, with good or excellent results in 50%. The authors recommend that Type 4 fractures be reduced accurately and by open reduction if necessary. Type 5 may best be treated by hand molding, supportive bandages, and early mobilization.
Glutathione S transferase deficiency and passive smoking increase childhood asthma
Authors: M Kabesch
Journal: Thorax (2004)

It has been suggested that the genetically determined deficiency of glutathione S transferase (GST) enzymes involved in the detoxification of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) components may contribute to the development of asthma.A large population of German schoolchildren (n = 3054) was genotyped for deficiencies of the GST isoforms M1 and T1. The association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and asthma as well as atopy was investigated with respect to current and in utero ETS exposure.In children lacking the GSTM1 allele who were exposed to current ETS the risk for current asthma (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.6 to 18.6) and asthma symptoms such as wheeze ever (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 6.0), current wheezing (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.8 to 12.6) and shortness of breath (OR 8.9, 95% CI 2.1 to 38.4) was higher than in GSTM1 positive individuals without ETS exposure. Hints of an interaction between ETS exposure and GSTM1 deficiency were identified. In utero smoke exposure in GSTT1 deficient children was associated with significant decrements in lung function compared with GSTT1 positive children not exposed to ETS.GSTM1 and GSTT1 deficiency may increase the adverse health effects of in utero and current smoke exposure.
Beyond Li Fraumeni Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics of Families With <i>p53</i> Germline Mutations
Authors: Kelly D. Gonzalez, Katie A. Noltner, Carolyn H. Buzin, Dongqing Gu, Cindy Y. Wen-Fong, Vu Q. Nguyen, Jennifer H. Han, Katrina Lowstuter, Jeffrey Longmate, Steve S. Sommer, Jeffrey N. Weitzel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

A clinical testing cohort was used to gain a broader understanding of the spectrum of tumors associated with germline p53 mutations to aid clinicians in identifying high-risk families.Full sequencing of the coding exons (2 to 11) and associated splice junctions of the p53 gene was performed on 525 consecutive patients whose blood samples were submitted for diagnostic testing. Clinical features of p53 germline carriers in this cohort were characterized, clinical referral schemes based on reported p53-associated family phenotypes were evaluated, and practical mutation prevalence tables were generated.Mutations were identified in 91 (17%) of 525 patients submitted for testing. All families with a p53 mutation had at least one family member with a sarcoma, breast, brain, or adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Every individual with a choroid plexus tumor (eight of eight) and 14 of 21 individuals with a childhood ACC had a mutation regardless of family history. Based on reported personal and family history, 95% of patients (71 of 75) with a mutation met either classic Li Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) or Chompret criteria. A simplified prevalence table provides a concise summary of individual and family characteristics associated with p53 mutations.This is, to our knowledge, the largest single report of diagnostic testing for germline p53 mutations, yielding practical mutation prevalence tables and suggesting clinical utility of classic LFS and Chompret criteria for identifying a subset of cancer-prone families with p53 germline mutations, with important implications for diagnosis and management.
PSYCHIATRIC STUDY OF COAL MINERS IN EASTERN KENTUCKY AREA
Authors: CARL WIESEL, MALCOLM ARNY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

1. The social and cultural background of the Eastern Kentucky coal miner is described. 2. A "miner's syndrome" is commonly seen in the miner past 40. This is characterized by numerous somatic complaints, a passive dependent attitude, and an outstanding lack of anxiety, with rationalizations based upon having been exposed to "bad air," hard work, and "nerves being run down." Certain theories are advanced to explain the lack of anxiety. 3. The clinical picture of the younger miner is described. This differs from the older age group in that anxiety is manifested on a conscious level. This is related to changes occurring in the social and cultural background as well as an overt fear of occupational dangers. 4. Advantages and disadvantages of the United Mine Workers of America Welfare and Retirement Fund are discussed. The Fund serves as a source of security to the miner and offers definite benefits; at the same time it fosters dependency and a chronic invalid reaction based on fear of the hazards of mining as well as a desire for compensation.
The clinician's choice of antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial skin infection
Authors: None Veien
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

The development of modern antibiotics has vastly improved the therapy of cutaneous bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Staphylococcus aureus. This organism and beta-haemolytic streptococci are the most common cutaneous pathogens. A growing body of evidence suggests that proteins from S. aureus and some strains of streptococci can act as superantigens and cause polyclonal T-cell activation by binding directly to antigen-presenting cells. This process is a likely explanation of Kawasaki's syndrome as well as staphylococcal and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Sudden aggravation of atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and some cases of psoriasis can be similarly explained. Bacterial toxins can precipitate the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Specific and effective eradication of bacteria and programmes to prevent recurrences are important, particularly in immune suppressed persons. Topical antibiotics used primarily for superficial infections of limited extent and for the prevention of recurrences in carriers of S. aureus should be combined with the use of topical disinfectants. The treatment of selected bacterial skin infections based on clinical examples will be discussed. These include secondarily infected dermatoses, cellulitis and streptococcal carriage in the ano-genital region and staphylococcal folliculitis and nasal carriage.
Unusual Involvement of Bone in Primary Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: Garcia-Gasco Pilar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 August 1998Unusual Involvement of Bone in Primary Systemic AmyloidosisGarcia-Gasco Pilar, MD, Morata Aldea Carmen, MD, and Perello Rosso Alfonso, MDGarcia-Gasco Pilar, MDHospital General Universitario “La Fe”; Valencia, SpainSearch for more papers by this author, Morata Aldea Carmen, MDHospital General Universitario “La Fe”; Valencia, SpainSearch for more papers by this author, and Perello Rosso Alfonso, MDHospital General Universitario “La Fe”; Valencia, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-4-199808150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Primary systemic amyloidosis is characterized by extracellular deposits of type AL amyloid protein in the absence of multiple myeloma. Many organs are affected in this disease, but involvement of bone is rare [1-4]. We report a case of primary systemic amyloidosis and multiple bone lesions produced by amyloid protein deposits with an osteoblastic appearance.A 69-year-old man was admitted for the evaluation of a nephrotic syndrome. Analyses revealed an acquired deficit of factor X, measures of dissociated cholestasis, and the presence of a λ type IgA monoclonal gammopathy (1123 mg/100 mL) in immunoelectrophoresed plasma. Computed tomography showed ...References1. Subbarao K, Jacobson HG. Amyloidosis and plasma cell dyscrasias of the musculoskeletal system. Semin Roentgenol. 1986; 21:139-49. Google Scholar2. Axelsson U, Hallen A, Rausing A. Amyloidosis of bone. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 1970; 52:717-23. Google Scholar3. Khojasteh A, Lowry K, Arnold LK, Farhangi M. Bone lesions in primary amyloidosis. Am J Hematol. 1979; 7:77-86. Google Scholar4. Kramer MR, van Dijk JM, Hadas I, Hershko C. Destructive bone lesions in primary amyloidosis. Postgrad Med J. 1986; 62:1037-41. Google Scholar5. Glenner GG. Amyloid deposits and amyloidosis. N Engl J Med. 1980; 302:1333-43. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Garcia-Gasco Pilar, MD; Morata Aldea Carmen, MD; Perello Rosso Alfonso, MDAffiliations: Hospital General Universitario “La Fe”; Valencia, Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1998Volume 129, Issue 4Page: 338-339KeywordsAmyloid proteinsAmyloidosisBiopsyBoneBone marrowLesionsOsteocalcinPhosphatasesToxicityVertebrae ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Gender comparisons in anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity tests.
Authors: P J Maud, B B Shultz
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1986)

The purpose of the study was to compare anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity test scores between young active men and women. Three performance measures of anaerobic power and two of anaerobic capacity were administered to a sample comprising 52 male and 50 female college students (means age = 21.4 yrs). Results indicated significant differences between men and women in body height, weight and per cent fat, in fat free mass (FFM), anaerobic power, and anaerobic capacity when recorded as gross work completed and relative to body weight. However, these differences are reduced when data is adjusted for body weight and further reduced when corrected for FFM. The study found no significant differences between men and women in either anaerobic power or anaerobic capacity when values were given relative to FFM.
Biofeedback for Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: ROBERT V. LAMPPERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1986Biofeedback for Gastrointestinal DisordersROBERT V. LAMPPERT, M.D.ROBERT V. LAMPPERT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-1-136_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The Diagnosis and Treatment section of your August 1985 issue contained an article by Marzuk (1) on biofeedback for gastrointestinal disorders. I feel compelled to say that this article is almost totally incorrect, because I have been using biofeedback techniques and training on over 600 patients for over 10 years, and I have found that biofeedback has dramatic results in reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.His review of the literature probably picked up only literature from medical centers, most of which do not deal to any extent with biofeedback in the treatment of...Reference1. MARZUK P. Biofeedback for gastrointestinal disorders: a review of the literature. Ann Intern Med. 1986;103:240-4. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROBERT V. LAMPPERT, M.D.Affiliations: 2505 Samaritan Drive, Suite 507; San Jose, CA 95124 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1986Volume 104, Issue 1Page: 136-137KeywordsIrritable bowel syndromePeptic ulcers ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Regulation of hepatic transferrin, transferrin receptor and ferritin genes in human siderosis
Authors: Antonello Pietrangelo, Emilio Rocchi, Alberto Ferrari, Ezio Ventura, Gaetano Cairo
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Although many studies have examined the regulation of transferrin, transferrin receptor and ferritin subunit gene expression in experimental systems, no molecular biological data in humans have been documented to date. In this study we simultaneously analyzed the hepatic content of transferrin, transferrin receptor and heavy and light ferritin subunit messenger RNAs in tissue samples obtained from subjects with normal iron balance and patients with primary or secondary iron overload. Steady-state levels of transferrin messenger RNA were not depressed by iron overload. On the contrary, they were increased (p < 0.001) in patients with severe hepatic siderosis (liver iron content > 200 μmol/gm dry wt) as compared with the control group. This indicates that, as already suggested by our previous data in experimental siderosis, iron maintains the ability to induce transferrin gene activity even when cellular iron content is significantly increased. Transferrin receptor gene expression was found to respond in the same manner to any cause of iron-tissue load, regardless of the cause. In fact, a lower signal for transferrin receptor messenger RNA was consistently detected in iron-overloaded patients vs. control subjects, particularly in patients with thalassemia major and idiopathic hemochromatosis (p < 0.001). Ferritin light-subunit messenger RNA accumulation was significantly increased in those patients with severe siderosis (idiopathic hemochromatosis and thalassemia major = liver iron between 200 and 600 μmol/gm dry wt). The fact that no significant change in hepatic ferritin heavy-subunit gene expression was detected in iron-loaded patients confirms preferential production of light-subunit–enriched ferritins in long-term iron overload. In addition, our data indicate that, in conditions where liver-specific abnormalities of iron-regulated proteins have been suggested (i.e., idiopathic hemochromatosis and sporadic porphyria cutanea tarda), the hepatic control of human iron metabolism, as inferred by the activity of transferrin, transferrin receptor and ferritin genes, is normal. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:1083–1089.)
Classification and definition of protein-calorie malnutrition.
Authors: J C Waterlow
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The Eighth Joint Expert Committee on Nutrition of FAO and WHO1 emphasized the need for an accepted classification and definition of protein-calorie malnutrition. There are two pressing reasons for this. Bengoa* summarized the available information about the frequency of protein-calorie malnutrition in different countries. There are many gaps, partly because for some countries there are no data, and partly because data which do exist are not always comparable. It is important that studies of prevalence should be extended and that the same criteria should be used everywhere. Secondly, the prevailing pattern of malnutrition in any region may give some information about the nature of the dietary deficiency and so will have a bearing on the preventive measures which are most appropriate. There are two schools of thought about this. According to what might now be called the classical theory, kwashiorkor results from a deficiency of protein with a relatively adequate energy supply, whereas marasmus is caused by an overall deficiency of energy and protein. From this it follows that where the kwashiorkor syndrome prevails, protein rich supplements would be an appropriate method of prevention. On the other hand, Gopalan and his co-workers* produced evidence that there are no quantitative or qualitative differences in the diets of children who subsequendy develop kwashiorkor or marasmus. They therefore proposed that the difference in the clinical picture reflects not a difference in diet but a difference in the capacity of the child to adapt. Whichever of these theories is correct the fact remains that according to reports in the literature the prevailing pattern does differ from one country to another.4 If the differences are real there must be some reason for them, and the first step in finding the reason is to put the observations on a firm foundation with an agreed system of classification. The need for this is urgent because an alteration in the pattern of protein-calorie malnutrition and in its age of onset has important implications for the planning of preventive policies.
Investigation of human giardiasis by karyotype analysis.
Authors: S H Korman, S M Le Blancq, R J Deckelbaum, L H Van der Ploeg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The patterns of transmission of Giardia lamblia and the potential contribution of strain differences to pathogenicity of infection is poorly understood. We used pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to separate chromosome-sized DNA molecules of 22 stocks of G. lamblia isolated from 13 individuals (6 symptomatic, 7 asymptomatic) living in Jerusalem. PGFE gels run under a variety of conditions revealed up to nine ethidium bromide-stained bands per isolate ranging in size from 0.7 to greater than 3 megabasepairs. Relative staining intensities indicated that some bands contained multiple chromosomes. Major differences in the number, size, and intensity of bands allowed a clear differentiation of the karyotypes of isolates from each of the different individuals. This is in contrast to previous studies where the karyotype of different isolates have been strikingly homogeneous. Hybridization of Southern blots with surface antigen, beta-tubulin, and ribosomal RNA genes revealed that these gene families were distributed to different sized chromosomes amongst the different isolates. PFGE thus revealed major differences in the karyotypes of different G. lamblia isolates that were obtained over a short period of time from a relatively confined geographic area. In contrast, karyotypes of isolates established either by direct cultivation of duodenal trophozoites or by excystation of stool cysts from the same individuals were almost identical. Also, isolates from the same individuals obtained over a prolonged period of time revealed only minor differences in their karyotype, suggesting that recurrent infection can be caused by genetically similar organisms. We conclude that chronic giardiasis can result from recurrence of occult infection or reinfection from a common source.