tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Radiocardiography
Authors: M. L. LEWIS, C. GIUNTINI, L. DONATO, R. M. HARVEY, A. COURNAND
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The method of quantitative radiocardiography has been applied to the study of cardiac output, right ventricular and pulmonary blood volume in cardiovascular normals, emphysematous subjects, and patients with various types of heart disease. The values of blood flow obtained by means of this technic have been compared with those measured simultaneously by the direct Fick method. A linear correlation has been demonstrated between Q RIHSA and Q Fick , with a regression coefficient of 1.0395 ± 0.0566, when appropriate correction has been made for the contribution of activity in the paracardiac tissues. The principle of the measurement of right ventricular rate of emptying from the fractional decay rate of the precordial counting during the passage of the indicator through the right heart has been validated. The right ventricle behaves essentially as a mixing chamber; a constant fraction of its volume is ejected with each systole. The variability of the emptying rate does not exceed the limits expected on the grounds of statistics of radioactive measurements in normal and in cardiac patients. The significance of the variability observed in emphysematous patients has been discussed. The measured ventricular rates of emptying are reproducible in repeated curves recorded after injection of RIHSA or dissolved Kr 85 ; are little affected by change of the position of the tip of the injecting catheter; or by small changes in the position of the collimator. The right ventricular end-diastolic and residual volumes have been found to average 221 ± 50 ml. and 128 ± 34 ml. respectively, in 18 normal subjects. The calculated pulmonary blood volume in 18 normal subjects averages 313 ± 58 ml./M. 2 The significance of this value and the possible extreme range of error resulting from the method have been assessed.
SYPHILIS OF STERNUM
Authors: Maximilian Schulman
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Case 1.—A colored man, aged 32, single, steward on a merchant vessel, came to the out-patient department of the House of Relief in August, 1906, complaining of "indigestion" for which he had been treated about eight months without benefit. His family and previous personal history were entirely negative, and may be so assumed, without further detailing. His habits with regard to alcohol and tobacco were moderately good. He did not abuse either. His immediate complaint, which was the same as he had been making for eight months, was of "pain in the stomach." Apart from this and the fact that the pain was not clearly connected with the ingestion of food (either aggravated or ameliorated by it) it was impossible to obtain a history which one could fairly say was not influenced by the questions. In other words, the patient's intelligence was such that his volunteered statements were few and
Mortality data in adult cardiac surgery for named surgeons: retrospective examination of prospectively collected data on coronary artery surgery and aortic valve replacement
Authors: Ben Bridgewater
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To present named surgeon mortality for isolated first time coronary artery surgery and aortic valve surgery. <b>Design</b> Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. <b>Setting</b> All NHS hospitals undertaking adult cardiac surgeryin north west England. <b>Participants</b> 25 consultant surgeons carrying out coronary arterysurgery and aortic valve replacement between April 2001 andMarch 2004. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Mortality for both operations accordingto surgeon. EuroSCORE to stratify patients into low and highrisk. <b>Results</b> 10 163 patients underwent surgery under 25 surgeons.The average number of patients per surgeon was 363 for coronaryartery surgery and 44 for aortic valve replacement. Seventeenper cent of the patients undergoing coronary artery surgeryand half of those undergoing aortic valve surgery were consideredhigh risk. The average mortality was 1.8% (range 0-3.8%) forcoronary surgery and 1.9% (0-12.5%) for aortic valve surgery.Mortality for all surgeons fell below 99% control limits ofthe national mean for both operations. <b>Conclusions</b> The presented mortality figures for the two cardiacoperations fell within accepted limits for all surgeons. Thedivision of outcomes according to low and high risk patientsis imperfect but may help to inform the public about the complexitiesof this type of analysis and prevent surgeons avoiding highrisk patents who may benefit from an operation.
Effect in Man of Oral Terbutaline on Cutaneous Reactions Induced by Allergen and Gold Stimulation
Authors: Reidar Grönneberg, ÖSten Hägermark, K. Jell Strandberg
Journal: Allergy (1980)

In eight atopic subjects wheal and flare responses to intradermally injected horse dander and histamine were determined alter pretreatment with 5 mg oral terbutaline or placebo in a double‐blind cross‐over study. In each individual a dose of allergen was used that produced a flare reaction approximately the size of the ED50 for histamine. Pretreatment with terbutaline was found to attenuate both the wheal and the flare reactions to allergen throughout the observation period of 150 min but only the effect on the wheal response reached Statistical significance ( P &lt; 0.01). The responses to histamine were not influenced. In five subjects with cold urticaria, treatment with 2.5 mg terbutaline t.i.d. for a week had no effect on the time period of cold provocation needed to evoke an urticarial lesion. It is concluded that oral treatment with terbutaline may produce an inhibitory action on allergen induced reactions but that this effect is not strong enough to interfere with clinical skin testing and hence the drug need not to be withdrawn prior to such testing.
Special Privileges and The Physician
Authors: David G. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the excerpt fromThe Journalof April 8, 1911, reprinted in the July 29 issue (<b>205</b>: 271, 1968) W. R. Townsend makes the point that special privileges may be poor public relations for those who have them, and cites the physician's automobile. Now 57 years later we might well reread his warning not only in relation to the physician's car, but to the special license plates and other symbols which identify the car as belonging to a physician. An expensive late-model car may provoke envy, and when the car is driven in a discourteous or competitive way, resentment may be added to the envy. When the car is identified as belonging to a physician, both emotions may be directed toward the medical profession. Many physicians now drive mostly between home, office, and hospital parking lot, where identification, if needed, can be inconspicuous. Those who make house
ANTHROPOMORPHIC MEASUREMENTS ON CT IMAGES: A POTENTIAL SURROGATE OR REPLACEMENT FOR BMI WHEN SELECTING CARDIOTHORACIC CT DOSE PARAMETERS?
Authors: Leif-Christophe Engel, Dan Verdini, Gyöngyi Petra Major, Suhny Abbara, Udo Hoffmann, Mannudeep Kalra, Thomas J. Brady, Brian Ghoshhajra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Activation of Src by Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Is Required for ErbB2 Transformation of Human Breast Epithelial Cells
Authors: Luis E. Arias-Romero, Sayanti Saha, Olga Villamar-Cruz, Shu-Chin Yip, Stephen P. Ethier, Zhong-Yin Zhang, Jonathan Chernoff
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B plays a major role in inhibiting signaling from the insulin and leptin receptors. Recently, PTP1B was found to have an unexpected positive role in ErbB2 signaling in a mouse model of breast cancer, but the mechanism underlying this effect has been unclear. Using human breast epithelial cells grown in a three-dimensional matrix, we found that PTP1B, but not the closely related enzyme T-cell PTP, is required for ErbB2 transformation in vitro. Activation of ErbB2, but not ErbB1, increases PTP1B expression, and increased expression of PTP1B activates Src and induces a Src-dependent transformed phenotype. These findings identify a molecular mechanism by which PTP1B links an important oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase to signaling pathways that promote aberrant cell division and survival in human breast epithelial cells.
The Relationship between Green Tea and Total Caffeine Intake and Risk for Self-Reported Type 2 Diabetes among Japanese Adults
Authors: Hiroyasu Iso, Chigusa Date, Kenji Wakai, Mitsuru Fukui, Akiko Tamakoshi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: In western populations, coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk for type 2 diabetes; however, the effect of green, black, and oolong teas is unclear. Objective: To examine the relationship between consumption of these beverages and risk for diabetes. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: 25 communities across Japan. Participants: A total of 17 413 persons (6727 men and 10 686 women; 49% of the original study population) who were 40 to 65 years of age; had no history of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at the baseline lifestyle survey; and completed the 5-year follow-up questionnaire. There was no difference in body mass index levels at baseline between respondents and nonrespondents. Measurements: Questionnaire on consumption of coffee; black, green, and oolong teas; and physician-diagnosed diabetes. Results: During the 5-year follow-up, there were 444 self-reported new cases of diabetes in 231 men and 213 women (5-year event rates, 3.4% and 2.0%, respectively). Consumption of green tea and coffee was inversely associated with risk for diabetes after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and other risk factors. Multivariable odds ratios for diabetes among participants who frequently drank green tea and coffee (≥6 cups of green tea per day and ≥3 cups of coffee per day) were 0.67 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.94) and 0.58 (CI, 0.37 to 0.90), respectively, compared with those who drank less than 1 cup per week. No association was found between consumption of black or oolong teas and the risk for diabetes. Total caffeine intake from these beverages was associated with a 33% reduced risk for diabetes. These inverse associations were more pronounced in women and in overweight men. Limitations: Diabetes was self-reported, no data were available on consumption of soda, and the follow-up rate was low. Conclusions: Consumption of green tea, coffee, and total caffeine was associated with a reduced risk for type 2 diabetes. *For members of the JACC Study Group, see the Appendix.
The Public Health Emergency in Indonesia — One Patient at a Time
Authors: Hilarie H. Cranmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

When my team arrived on the east coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, two weeks after the tsunami, dry land was scarce. Although the largest settlement camps had formed around mosques and schools in dry areas, the camp to which my team was assigned was wet. Trenches that had been hastily dug between the tents were full of stagnant water and garbage — potential breeding grounds for mosquitoes. There were no latrines, only a defecation field, and the trenches were being used for human waste.More than 40 tents, separated by less than a few feet, housed at least 15 families each. . . .
Multilocus linkage of familial hyperkalaemia and hypertension, pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, to chromosomes 1q31-42 and 17p11-q21
Authors: Traci A. Mansfield, David B. Simon, Zvi Farfel, Margaret Bia, Joseph R. Tucci, Marcel Lebe, Michael Gutkin, Bernard Vialettes, Marie A. Christofilis, Ritva Kauppinen-Makelin, Haim Mayan, Neil Risch, Richard P. Lifton
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Etiology of Poliomyelitis
Authors: A. E. Vipond
Journal: BMJ (1911)

PROTESTAT INZATS' HOME.-DURING the past seven years poliomyelitis has been met with as an epidemic in many parts of Europe, America (including Canada and the United States), Australasia, eto.I need not refer to Wickman's classical description of this disease.New York in 1907 had a total of over ..2,400 cases, and about one-half of this number in 1908.In 1909, during the months of July,.August, September, October, and the first part of November, an epidemic of this terrible disease occurred at Montreal.It was wide- spread, most of the cases being from the poorer districts.'Same, however, were found in the suburbs of the city and a few in the country districts, within a radius of fifty miles.Several hundred cases were treated here, between :50 and 60 of which were under my personal care.Daring the autumn of 1910, while we have had only a few oases in Montreal, probably six to eight altogether, the epidemic has been present in many districts of Qaebec and Oatario.In the Province of Qaebec many cases have ooorred at Stkerbrooke and North Hatley; while in -Ontario the disease has been prevalent in both Toronto and Hamilton, some one hundred cases having occarred at Hamilton alone.The epidemics have differed in severity in different .plaoes.In Montreal we have not had many fatal cases.Atong the number treated by me personally, the results were fatal in only three instances, or, in other words, a fatality of a little under 6 per cent.In many places, how- ever, they have had a fatality of 12 per cent., and even as high as 17 per cent.In this respect it resembles typhoid fevei'.Although the number of fatalities has not been great, *the disease has added a great number of crippled little ones to our homes.It is, indeed, a sad sight, after an epidemic of this type, to see the number of children crippled and maimed for life.Daring the past five years great progress has been made in the pathology of this peculiar disease.We have had opportanties to study it in recent cases which have ended --Yes 16.J. M....
Varicocele and male infertility: Part II: Pathophysiology of varicoceles in male infertility
Authors: Cathy K. Naughton, Ajay K. Nangia, Ashok Agarwal
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2001)

Varicoceles are found in 19 to 41% of infertile men, and is one treatable form of male infertility. The mechanism by which varicoceles cause the variable effect on male infertility and spermatogenesis is still unknown. Experimental animal models play a useful (but limited) role due to the sudden and variable iatrogenic nature of the varicoceles and the duration of the studies. Much of the human data are derived by the characterization of associated differences in measurable parameters between men with and without varicoceles. The role of hyperthermia, testicular blood flow and venous pressure changes, reflux of renal/adrenal products, hormonal dysfunction, autoimmunity, defects in acrosome reaction, and oxidative stress, in the pathophysiology of varicocele will be discussed.
Smoking, Propranolol, and Myocardial Infarction-Reply
Authors: Lawrence M. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Smoking status was one of the many subgrouping variables examined in the BHAT by the investigators. In the first article, we elected to present the results from only those subgroups that previous clinical trials of β-blocking drugs had identified as possibly being potentially important. The Table shows the results by smoking status in BHAT at the time of the qualifying myocardial infarction. Although both smokers and nonsmokers would seem to benefit from propranolol, the smokers appear to have a greater reduction in mortality, as Dr McNabb suggested might be the case. This difference, however, is not significant; that is, there is no statistically significant evidence of interaction. As noted in our article, after one year in the trial, 49% of the placebo and 46% of the propranolol patients said they smoked cigarettes. Although these claims were not verified by measurements of carbon monoxide levels in the breath, we
Abstract 2548: Intraesophageal Temperature Monitoring During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Does it Predict Esophageal Injury?
Authors: Simon Kircher, Thomas Gaspar, Gerhard Hindricks, Charlotte Eitel, Andreas Bollmann, Ulrike Wetzel, Arash Arya, Daniela Bollmann, Philipp Sommer, Christopher Piorkowski
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Euthanasia: or, Medical Treatment in Aid of an Easy Death
Authors: C. Brewer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

I bought a Victorian medical monograph in a second hand bookshop in Sydney during a brief incarnation as ship’s surgeon in the mid 1960s. Its eye catching title was Euthanasia , but the word was used in its original Greek sense of dying pleasantly, rather than in the modern medical sense (crucially preceded by the qualifier “voluntary”) of actually choosing the time and mode of your own death. “There is little to be found in medical writings,” says the author, Dr William Munk, “on the management of the dying . . . The subject is not specially taught in any of our medical schools [and] needs a systemic treatment that has not hitherto been accorded to it.” …
Health Care Utilization and Outcomes Among Persons With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Fee-for-Service and Prepaid Group Practice Settings
Authors: Edward H. Yelin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To compare health care utilization and outcomes over an 11-year period among persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in fee-for-service and prepaid group practice settings.Cohort of persons with RA followed up for as long as 11 years. The principal measures were obtained from an annual structured telephone interview conducted by a trained survey worker.Persons with RA presenting to a random sample of community rheumatologists in northern California.Patients were enrolled in 2 cycles: in 1982 and 1983 and in 1989. Study rheumatologists listed all persons meeting criteria for RA presenting to their offices over a 1-month period. Of the 1062 so listed, we enrolled 1025, or 96.5%. Of the 1025 persons with RA, 227 (22.2%) reported receiving care in prepaid group practice settings.As of the end of 1994, 5295 person-years of observation were available for the analysis of the annual level of the utilization and outcome measures; 341 persons had been followed up for all 11 years of the study. The main utilization outcomes measured included office visits, outpatient surgeries, hospital admissions, and painful joints.The persons with RA in fee-for-service and prepaid group practice settings did not differ in the quantity of health care used in any 1 year for either RA or non-RA reasons. Among those followed up for all 11 years, the persons in fee-for-service and prepaid group practice settings did not differ in the cumulative quantity of health care used over the entire period of study. The 2 groups did not differ on any outcome measure on either an annual or long-term basis. The results of mortality analyses were inconsistent: using Kaplan-Meier estimates, the persons with RA in prepaid group practice settings survived significantly longer (P<.05 by long-rank test); using Cox proportional hazards methods, the proportion dying each year did not differ signficantly.We could find no evidence that persons with RA in fee-for-service and prepaid group practice settings received different quantities of health care or experienced different outcomes on either an annual or long-term basis.
Mood and the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Sarah E. Romans, David Kreindler, Eriola Asllani, Gillian Einstein, Sheila Laredo, Anthony Levitt, Kathryn Morgan, Michele Petrovic, Brenda Toner, Donna E. Stewart
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Premenstrual mood symptoms are considered common in women, but such prevailing attitudes are shaped by social expectations about gender, emotionality and hormonal influences. There are few prospective, community studies of women reporting mood data from all phases of the menstrual cycle (MC). We aimed (i) to analyze daily mood data over 6 months for MC phase cyclicity and (ii) to compare MC phase influences on a woman’s daily mood with that attributable to key alternate explanatory variables (physical health, perceived stress and social support). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A random sample of Canadian women aged 18–40 years collected mood and health data daily over 6 months, using telemetry, producing 395 complete MCs for analysis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Only half the individual mood items showed any MC phase association; these links were either with the menses phase alone or the menses plus the premenstrual phase. With one exception, the association was not solely premenstrual. The menses-follicular-luteal MC division gave similar results. Less than 0.5% of the women’s individual periodogram records for each mood item showed MC entrainment. Physical health, perceived stress and social support were much stronger predictors of mood (p &lt; 0.0001 in each case) than MC phase. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;The results of this study do not support the widespread idea of specific premenstrual dysphoria in women. Daily physical health status, perceived stress and social support explain daily mood better than MC phase.
Campaign Alerts Physicians to Identify, Assist Victims of Domestic Violence
Authors: Chris Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1989)

IT'S ONE OF THE MOST underreported crimes in the United States. It claims a victim every 15 seconds. Its victims are often ashamed to report it. It is not rape. The crime is wife beating, and, according to Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, MD, "it's an overwhelming moral, economic, and public health burden that our society can no longer bear. No man has a license to beat... and get away with it, and no woman is obliged to accept a beating... and suffer because of it." <h3>Enlisting ACOG's Aid</h3> Koop's ringing words kicked off a 1989 campaign to improve awareness of the problem among the physicians who often are a woman's primary care provider—obstetricians and gynecologists. All 27 000 members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) will be receiving a technical bulletin that describes the nature of domestic violence and how to identify and assist its victims
Does Autonomic Function Link Social Position to Coronary Risk?
Authors: Harry Hemingway, Martin Shipley, Eric Brunner, Annie Britton, Marek Malik, Michael Marmot
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Laboratory and clinical studies suggest that the autonomic nervous system responds to chronic behavioral and psychosocial stressors with adverse metabolic consequences and that this may explain the relation between low social position and high coronary risk. We sought to test this hypothesis in a healthy occupational cohort. Methods and Results— This study comprised 2197 male civil servants 45 to 68 years of age in the Whitehall II study who were undergoing standardized assessments of social position (employment grade) and the psychosocial, behavioral, and metabolic risk factors for coronary disease previously found to be associated with low social position. Five-minute recordings of heart rate variability (HRV) were used to assess cardiac parasympathetic function (SD of N-N intervals and high-frequency power [0.15 to 0.40 Hz]) and the influence of sympathetic and parasympathetic function (low-frequency power [0.04 to 0.15 Hz]). Low employment grade was associated with low HRV (age-adjusted trend for each modality, P ≤0.02). Adverse behavioral factors (smoking, exercise, alcohol, and diet) and psychosocial factors (job control) showed age-adjusted associations with low HRV ( P &lt;0.03). The age-adjusted mean low-frequency power was 319 ms 2 among those participants in the bottom tertile of job control compared with 379 ms 2 in the other participants ( P =0.004). HRV showed strong ( P &lt;0.001) linear associations with components of the metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting and 2-hour postload glucose). The social gradient in prevalence of metabolic syndrome was explained statistically by adjustment for low-frequency power, behavioral factors, and job control. Conclusions— Chronically impaired autonomic function may link social position to different components of coronary risk in the general population.