tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Men with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) remain at high risk for prostate cancer even with a subsequent negative biopsy: Results of a prospective study
Authors: E. Goluboff, D. Burzon, N. Zinner, R. S. Israeli, G. Barnette, R. Boger, J. Mitchell, M. S. Steiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

1024 Background: High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) has been identified largely based on observational data and small studies as a risk factor for prostate cancer. The incidence of cancer was prospectively assessed in 130 men with high-grade PIN treated with placebo for 1 year in a Phase IIB cancer-prevention study (n=514 including treated arms). Methods: Of 130 patients randomized to placebo, 109 had at least one on-study biopsy. The majority (85%) was white. At baseline, the mean age of placebo-treated men was 64.9 years; mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 4.9 mg/mL; and mean total testosterone was 409 ng/dL. All men had been assessed as having high-grade PIN and no evidence of cancer on a biopsy conducted within 6 months before study entry (8.9 cores on average). Patients were rebiopsied at 6 and 12 months (minimum 8 cores per biopsy) to assess for the presence of high-grade PIN and prostate cancer. Initial and subsequent biopsies were evaluated by a central pathologist (Bostwick Laboratories) for diagnosis of high-grade PIN and prostate cancer. Results: At the 6-month biopsy, 15.7% of men with no evidence of cancer on prestudy biopsy were diagnosed with prostate cancer. A large number of these patients are assumed to have had undiagnosed prostate cancer upon entry into the trial. At the 12-month biopsy, 17.4% of men cancer-free on both prestudy and 6-month biopsies were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The cumulative risk of prostate cancer diagnosis in these placebo-treated men with no evidence of cancer on the prestudy biopsy was 31.2%. Conclusions: This prospective study confirms that men with high-grade PIN are at significant risk of prostate cancer. More than 30% of men with high-grade PIN were diagnosed with prostate cancer on subsequent biopsies over a 1-year period. Nearly 20% of patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer at 12 months despite a negative 6-month biopsy, which may not have been repeated at 12 months had they not been on study. These findings highlight the need to closely monitor patients with high-grade PIN through serial biopsies and to develop interventions to prevent cancer in men at high risk. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration GTx
Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Project: A Preliminary Report
Authors: S P Lambadusuriya, M Mars, C M Ward
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

By means of a surgical expedition involving an independently financed team of surgeons, anaesthetists, nurses, orthodontists and speech therapists, 195 patients in Sri Lanka with cleft lip and palate were treated over a period of 4 weeks while over 300 patients were examined in detail to assess faciomaxillary growth, components of speech and the psychosocial impact of the untreated deformity in childhood and adult life. Lip surgery proved to be simple and safe but in certain older patients palatal closure was complicated by wide palatal shelf displacement, mucosal fibrosis and heavy bleeding. This is a preliminary report and much data has yet to be analysed but there is little doubt that impaired facial growth following palatal repair is predominantly an iatrogenic deformity.
Schizoid personality disorder after prenatal exposure to famine
Authors: H W Hoek, E Susser, K A Buck, L H Lumey, S P Lin, J M Gorman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The authors tested whether early prenatal exposure to famine was associated with schizophrenia spectrum personality disorder in addition to being associated with schizophrenia per se as shown in a previous study.The risk of schizoid personality disorder, as defined by ICD-6 to ICD-9, in men at age 18 years was compared in birth cohorts that were conceived at the height of the Dutch Hunger Winter famine and in unexposed birth cohorts of 1944-1946 in the famine region of Holland.The exposed cohort had a significantly greater risk (relative risk = 2.01) of schizoid personality disorder.Prenatal nutritional deficiency was associated with a greater risk of schizoid personality disorder in men at age 18 years.
Prolonged STAT1 Activation Related to the Growth Arrest of Malignant Lymphoma Cells by Interferon-α
Authors: Philip M. Grimley, Hui Fang, Hallgeir Rui, Emanuel F. Petricoin III, Subhransu Ray, Fan Dong, Karen H. Fields, Renqiu Hu, Kathryn C. Zoon, Susette Audet, Judy Beeler
Journal: Blood (1998)
Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM) population-based study on breast cancer outcomes (El Álamo project): Analysis of operable, node negative breast cancer patients
Authors: A. Casado, A. Ruiz, A. Lluch, M. Pastor, A. Antón, P. Martínez Del Prado, A. Fernández-Aramburo, E. Alba, E. Aranda, E. Mahillo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

6044 Background: El Álamo project is a retrospective analysis of 15381 patients (pts) diagnosed of breast cancer (BC) across 43 of the main Spanish hospitals. Methods: Two cohorts were analysed: Álamo I (AI) consisted of 4532 pts diagnosed with BC between 1990 and 1993; Álamo II (AII) consisted of 10849 pts diagnosed between 1994 and 1999. AI and AII data were collected by end of year (yr) 2000 and 2003, respectively. 158 items per pt were recorded, including demographic, therapeutic and outcome data. Pts with operable node negative (NN) disease were selected. Results: In AI project, 48% (n=1806) of all pts presented with NN disease, vs. 54.4% in AII (n=4764). Median age at diagnosis was 58 yr (AI) vs. 59 yr (AII); 67.4% vs. 69.6% of pts were postmenopausal. T1 percentage increased from 47.6% (AI) to 57.4% (AII). Regarding treatment, 94% of pts in AII received adjuvant therapy (AT) vs. 86.3% in AI. AT in AI group were: chemotherapy (CT) (37.4%), hormone therapy (HT) (50.4%) and radiotherapy (RT) (32.4%). AT in AII group were: CT (43.1%), HT (70.2%) and RT (44.2%). 73.7% (AI) vs. 73.1% (AII) of pts were classified as high-risk according to 1998 St. Gallen criteria (tumour size > 2 cm and/or grade II/III and/or negative hormone receptors and/or age < 35 yr). BC recurrence rate has diminished from 22.3% (AI) to 13.4% (AII). Bone, lung and mastectomy scar are the most frequent recurrence sites. Nine-year survival rates for AI and AII were 75.6% (CI95%; 72.2%–79%) and 83.6% (CI95%; 81.4%–85.7%) respectively. Conclusions: The relative population of operable, NN BC pts has increased by 6.4% in Spain between 1990 and 1997. In addition to that, the relative percentage of T1 tumors has also increased. This is likely to be the reason of BC outcome improvement in this group, although a contribution of more effective therapies cannot be ruled out. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract P395: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Lean Population is Associated with Hypertension Independent of Metabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Adil Karim, Pragya Sinha, Ehimen Aneni, Ebenezer T Oni, Michael J Blaha, Roger S Blumenthal, Arthur Agatston, Raquel D Conceicao, Jose Carvalho, Khurram Nasir, Raul Santos
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Hypertension is the most common causal risk factor for coronary artery disease. The increased prevalence of hypertension in those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is well studied. Less well studied is the prevalence of hypertension in lean (BMI&lt;25) individuals with NAFLD. This warrants attention since the burden of cardiovascular disease is increasingly shifting to the lean. Methods: The data for this study was obtained from a cohort of 6464 Brazilians (41.4+/-9 Y, 62% M) free of diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease. Of these, 39% (n=2508) were lean (BMI&lt;25). Hypertension was defined as systolic BP (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg, self-identification as hypertensive or being on medication for hypertension. NAFLD was diagnosed using ultrasound in those with &lt;20g/d alcohol intake. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in the lean population was nine percent. NAFLD was significantly associated with the presence of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 16% and 8% in those with and without NAFLD respectively (p&lt;0.001). In a multivariate analysis controlling for age, gender, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, the risk of hypertension in those with NAFLD was 1.54 times those without NAFLD(p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: There is significantly increased prevalence of hypertension in lean, healthy individuals with NAFLD. This association is present even after adjusting for age, gender and metabolic risk factors. This relationship needs to be explored further since an increasing number of lean individuals have NAFLD on examination (Younossi et al., 2012).
Tuberculosis is common in ethnic minority patients with chronic kidney disease in United Kingdom, and there is a high level of drug resistance
Authors: Paramita Palchaudhuri, Alexandra Riding, Parvin Begum, Marlies Ostermann, Heather Milburn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is more common in ethnic minority groups in UK and these patients have a high incidence of TB. We performed a study to characterise ethnicity and resistance patterns of patients with CKD and TB at a large renal unit in London.   Methods:  40 CKD patients who developed TB from1994-2010 were analysed retrospectively. Patients were categorised by country of birth and time spent in the UK prior to development of TB, divided into  5 years. Resistance patterns were sought as well as HIV status and Vitamin D levels.   Results:  Ethnicities were: 15 Black-African, 9 Asian, 7 White-British, 6 Black Caribbean, 3 White-Other (including eastern Europe). 27 patients were non-UK born (67.5%). 4 had lived in the UK for    Conclusion:  Most CKD patients with TB were from ethnic minorities not born in UK. Most had lived in UK for >5 years suggesting TB development was not linked to duration in UK and that CKD is in itself a big enough risk factor. Vitamin D levels were low, as expected in both TB & CKD. Drug resistance (12.5%) was higher in ethnic minorities & HIV+ve patients with CKD, compared to background rate (4.9-6.1%) 1 . Hence it is important to look out for TB in ethnic minorities with CKD & also for drug resistance.   1 Number and proportion of tuberculosis cases with drug resistance by country, UK, 2008. www.hpa.org.uk
Persistent Organic Pollutants and Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Analysis in the Nurses’ Health Study and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hongyu Wu, Kimberly A. Bertrand, Anna L. Choi, Frank B. Hu, Francine Laden, Philippe Grandjean, Qi Sun
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Prospective data regarding persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are limited, and the results for individual POPs are not entirely consistent across studies.We prospectively examined plasma POP concentrations in relation to incident T2D and summarized existing evidence in a meta-analysis.Plasma polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) concentrations were measured in 1,095 women who were free of diabetes at blood draw in 1989-1990 and participated in two case-control studies in the Nurses' Health Study. We identified 48 incident T2D cases through 30 June 2008. We conducted a literature search in PubMed and EMBASE through December 2011 to identify prospective studies on POPs in relation to diabetes. We used a fixed-effects model to summarize results.After multivariable adjustment, plasma HCB concentration was positively associated with incident T2D [pooled odds ratio (OR) 3.59 (95% CI: 1.49, 8.64, ptrend = 0.003) comparing extreme tertiles]. Other POPs were not significantly associated with diabetes. After pooling our results with those of six published prospective studies that included 842 diabetes cases in total, we found that HCB and total PCBs both were associated with diabetes: the pooled ORs were 2.00 (95% CI: 1.13, 3.53; I2 = 21.4%, pheterogeneity = 0.28) and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.28, 2.27; I2 = 16.3%, pheterogeneity = 0.30) for HCB and total PCBs, respectively.These findings support an association between POP exposure and the risk of T2D.
Recent Changes in the Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Frequency of Indoor Tanning Among US Adults
Authors: Gery P. Guy, Zahava Berkowitz, Dawn M. Holman, Anne M. Hartman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Reducing indoor tanning is a Healthy People 2020 objective and an important strategy for preventing skin cancer.1 We examined changes in the prevalence and frequency of indoor tanning factors associated with frequency of indoor tanning among US adults.
In-vitro nebulised dose emission characteristics of a tobramycin solution (75mg/ml) using an I-Neb (I-NEB) and a pari LC+ driven by a TurboBoy compressor (PARI) nebuliser
Authors: Mohamed Yousef Khan, Nicholas Powles, Mattthew Stirling, Henry Chrystyn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

In practice solutions are nebulised by the equipment that is available rather than that recommended in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC). We have compared the in-vitro aerodynamic droplet characteristics of Bramitob when 4ml was nebulised by PARI (Pari, GmbH), recommended in the SPC, and an I-NEB (Philips Respironics, UK) with a 300μl cup. We have previously adapted the compendial methodology for nebulisers (Adelrahim & Chrystyn, J Aerosol Med 2009) and modified this to incorporate breath simulation (BS, tidal volume of 500ml and an inspiration: expiration ration of 1:3) for use with I-NEB. The schematic design of our methodology is shown in figure 1.  The mean (SD) aerodynamic droplet characteristics of tobramycin nebulised using PARI until sputtering and I-NEB until dryness are summarised in Table 1.  From the I-NEB data the fine particle dose (FPD) is 8.3mg. Separate determinations using PARI and compendial methodology provided a FPD of 17.5mg. The in-vitro droplet emission characteristics suggest that 2 separate doses of Bramitob nebulised using an I-Neb with a 300μl cup could be comparable to 4ml nebulised by a Pari LC+.
Association of seropositivity to<i>Helicobacter</i>species and biliary tract cancer in the ATBC study
Authors: Gwen Murphy, Angelika Michel, Philip R. Taylor, Demetrius Albanes, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Jarmo Virtamo, Dominick Parisi, Kirk Snyder, Julia Butt, Katherine A. McGlynn, Jill Koshiol, Michael Pawlita, Gabriel Y. Lai, Christian C. Abnet, Sanford M. Dawsey, Neal D. Freedman
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Helicobacter have been detected in human bile and hepatobiliary tissue. Despite evidence that Helicobacter species promote gallstone formation and hepatobiliary tumors in laboratory studies, it remains unclear whether Helicobacter species contribute to these cancers in humans. We used a multiplex panel to assess whether seropositivity to 15 Helicobacter pylori proteins was associated with subsequent incidence of hepatobiliary cancers in the Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. We included 64 biliary cancers, 122 liver cancers, and 224 age-matched controls which occurred over the course of 22 years. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was defined as those positive to ≥4 antigens. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for major hepatobiliary cancer risk factors. Among the controls, 88% were seropositive to H. pylori at baseline. Among those who subsequently developed hepatobiliary cancer, the prevalence of seropositivity was higher: 100% for gallbladder cancer, 97% of extrahepatic bile duct cancer, 91% of ampula of Vater cancer, 96% of intrahepatic bile duct cancer, and 94% of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the OR for gallbladder cancer could not be calculated, the OR for the other sites were 7.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-62.33), 2.21 (0.19-25.52), 10.67 (0.76-150.08), and 1.20 (0.42-3.45), respectively, with an OR of 5.47 (95% CI: 1.17-25.65) observed for the biliary tract cancers combined. ORs above 1 were observed for many of the investigated antigens, although most of these associations were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Seropositivity to H. pylori proteins was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancers in ATBC. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to determine how H. pylori might influence the risk of biliary tract cancer. (Hepatology 2014;60:1962–1970)
MEK Inhibitor PD-0325901 Overcomes Resistance to PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor PF-5212384 and Potentiates Antitumor Effects in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Suresh Mohan, Robert Vander Broek, Sujay Shah, Danielle F. Eytan, Matthew L. Pierce, Sophie G. Carlson, Jamie F. Coupar, Jialing Zhang, Hui Cheng, Zhong Chen, Carter Van Waes
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas exhibit variable sensitivity to inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway, an important target of genomic alterations in this cancer type. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK/activator protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways are also frequently co-activated, but their roles in resistance mechanisms to PI3K/mTOR inhibitors and as therapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are not well defined.We determined the IC50s of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-05212384 (PF-384) by XTT assays in 14 HNSCC lines with PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade alterations. In two resistant models, we further characterized the molecular, cellular, and in vivo attributes and effects of combining PF-384 with MEK inhibitor PD-0325901 (PD-901).PF-384 IC50s varied between 0.75 and 133 nmol/L in 14 HNSCC lines with overexpression or mutations of PIK3CA, and sensitivity correlated with increased phospho-AKT(T308/S473). In resistant UMSCC-1 and -46 models, PF-384 increased G0-/G1-phase accumulation but weakly induced sub-G0 cell death. PF-384 inhibited direct targets of PI3K/mTOR, but incompletely attenuated co-activated ERK and UMSCC-1 xenograft growth in vivo. PD-901 strongly inhibited MEK/ERK targets, and the combination of PF-384 and PD-901 inhibited downstream NF-κB and AP-1 transactivation, and IL8 and VEGF production in vitro. PD-901 potently inhibited tumor growth alone and with PF384, enhanced antiproliferative, apoptotic, and anti-angiogenesis activity in vivo.PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-384 exhibits variable activity in a panel of HNSCC cell lines with differing PIK3CA expression and mutation status. MEK inhibitor PD-901 overcomes resistance and enhances antitumor effects observed with PF-384 in vivo.
Effectiveness of treatment for alcohol problems: findings of the randomised UK alcohol treatment trial (UKATT)
Authors: Nick Heather, Alex Copello, Christine Godfrey, Ray Hodgson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare the effectiveness of social behaviour and network therapy, a new treatment for alcohol problems, with that of the proved motivational enhancement therapy. <b>Design</b> Pragmatic randomised trial. <b>Setting</b> Seven treatment sites around Birmingham, Cardiff, and Leeds. <b>Participants</b> 742 clients with alcohol problems; 689 (93.0%) were interviewed at three months and 617 (83.2%) at 12 months. <b>Interventions</b> Social behaviour and network therapy and motivational enhancement therapy. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Changes in alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, and alcohol related problems over 12 months. <b>Results</b> Both groups reported substantial reductions in alcohol consumption, dependence, and problems, and better mental health related quality of life over 12 months. Between groups we found only one significant difference in outcome, probably due to chance: the social network group showed significantly better physical health at three months. Non-significant differences at 12 months in the motivational group relative to the social network group included: the number of drinks consumed per drinking day had decreased by an extra 1.1 (95% confidence interval −1.0 to 3.2); scores on the Leeds dependence questionnaire had improved by an extra 0.6 (−0.7 to 2.0); scores on the alcohol problems questionnaire had improved by an extra 0.5 (−0.4 to 1.4); but the number of days abstinent from drinking had increased by 1.2% less (−4.5% to 6.9%). <b>Conclusion</b> The novel social behaviour and network therapy for alcohol problems did not differ significantly in effectiveness from the proved motivational enhancement therapy.
Smoking habit: Prevalence, attitudes and behaviour among medical students in Casablanca in 2010
Authors: Nahid Zaghba, Najiba Yassine, Leila Hayat, Zineb Serheir, Khadija Elfadi, Ibtissam Rahibi, Samia Hilali, Ahlam Ech-Cherrat, Fatima Mounaji, Abdelaziz Bakhatar, Abdelkrim Bahlaoui
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The aim of this study was to know the prevalence of smoking in medical students, and by the way to sensitize against the habit and to know their attitudes and behaviour in their future exercise. We carried out a cross-sectional survey from February to March 2010 among 736 medical students enrolled in the university of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca during the academic year 2009-2010. Ninety seven percent of students answered the questionnaire: 61.5% were female 61.5%), mean age 21 years. The prevalence of permanent or occasional smoking was 8% with little variation according to the study year. Smoking was significantly higher among male (16% versus 2.7% in female). The mean daily consumption of cigarettes was 8. The duration of smoking was 6 months or more for 82% and 70% of smokers were slightly or not addicted to nicotine according to the FAGERSTROM9s scale. More than half of the students (58%) had already tried to quit and 52% plan to do so within 5 years. The main triggering reason for quitting was the occurrence of symptoms (66%). Most students knew that smoking is harmful to health (92%). Among tobacco risks the respiratory ones were the best known. Only 39% of the students contemplate to systematically warn their smoking patients against tobacco9s risks. Majority of them (71%) were not aware about the existence of an antitobacco law. But they called for a ban on selling tobacco to children as well as training health workers to help smoking patients to quit. In comparison with some years ago, there is a significant decrease in smoking habit in medical students, may be thanks to a steady and continuing educational effort since the induction of a teaching program in 1983.
Persistent anticipatory nausea, vomiting, and anxiety in cured Hodgkin's disease patients after completion of chemotherapy
Authors: David F. Cella, Alison Pratt, Jimmie C. Holland
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

Six to 140 months after completion of chemotherapy, 63% of 60 Hodgkin's disease survivors experienced anticipatory nausea, 80% had anxiety, and 5% reported vomiting. Time since treatment and treatment severity were significantly associated with pervasiveness of nausea but not of anxiety.