tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Histopathological Aspects of Cutaneous Lymphoma
Authors: David Slater
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders are such a complex group of diseases that their detailed morphological features are most profitably discussed amongst specialists. However, many of the basic concepts have broad diagnostic relevance, and this article is written with the generalist predominantly in mind.

As in many branches of medicine, the key to the correct diagnosis in cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases lies in interspecialty communication and clinicopathological correlation. In addition, because of the inherent difficulties and pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of cutaneous lymphoma, all cases should be discussed by a multidisciplinary team. Cutaneous lymphoma is so rare that some form of centralization of expertise would appear essential. Indeed, this constitutes a strong argument for the histology of all cases of cutaneous lymphoma to be reviewed by a specialist in a Calman cancer centre and where necessary the patients to be referred and discussed by the appropriate multidisciplinary team. An exciting development has been the foundation of the multidisciplinary United Kingdom Skin Lymphoma Group. The plan is for this to link directly into the well established European Organization for the Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Cutaneous Lymphoma Group. Also, it is hoped that the multidisciplinary teams of cancer centres will link into the UK Skin Lymphoma Group, possibly through new or existing regional or subregional lymphoma groups. An important function of the UK Group will be to develop consensus guidelines and standards and to facilitate entry into national and international clinical trials; within the UK to date, there have been very few clinical trials with respect to cutaneous lymphoma.
Real-Time in Vivo Imaging of Stem Cells Following Transgenesis by Transposition
Authors: Jakub Tolar, Mark Osborn, Scott Bell, Ron McElmurry, Lily Xia, Megan Riddle, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Yuehua Jiang, R. Scott McIvor, Christopher H. Contag, Stephen R. Yant, Mark A. Kay, Catherine M. Verfaillie, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Previous studies have identified Sleeping Beauty transposons as efficient vectors for nonviral gene delivery in mammalian cells. However, studies demonstrating the usefulness of transposons as gene delivery vehicles into adult stem cells are lacking. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) are nonhematopoietic stem cells with the capacity to form most, if not all, cell types of the body and as such hold great therapeutic potential. The whole-body biodistribution and persistence of MAPC are unknown, and such data would help direct clinical applications. We have nucleofected murine MAPC with two plasmid-based Sleeping Beauty transposons encoding the red fluorescent protein (DsRed2) and firefly luciferase. Transgenic euploid MAPC clones maintained their characteristic multilineage differentiation potential in vitro. DsRed2 and luciferase expression allowed for MAPC detection in vivo and in tissue sections. To confirm that transgenesis occurred by transposition into the genome of MAPC, we mapped Sleeping Beauty transposon integration sites in two MAPC clones using splinkerette PCR. This novel dual-reporter imaging approach based on the transgenesis of MAPC with Sleeping Beauty transposons sheds light on the homing patterns of MAPC and paves the way for quantification of MAPC engraftment in real time in vivo.
Nephrogenic ascites
Authors: T C Hammond, M A Takiyyuddin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

Nephrogenic ascites is a condition characterized by the presence of massive ascites in a patient with ESRD. Neither the exact cause nor the pathogenesis of ascites formation is clearly understood. Patients frequently present with hypertension, moderate to massive ascites, minimal extremity edema, cachexia, and a history of dialysis-associated hypotension. The ascitic fluid is typically an exudate. Although treatment options are limited, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, peritoneovenous shunt placement, and renal transplantation appear to be effective in controlling ascites formation. Nephrogenic ascites is associated with a grave prognosis, especially if treatment is not instituted. One patient with nephrogenic ascites is described here.
Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Thymidine on L1210 Leukemia in Mice
Authors: D S Zaharko, L M Ramonas
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Previous investigators have shown that L1210 leukemia in vitro growth can be inhibited by thymidine (dThd) by exposure for 24 hours of dThd concentrations as low as 0.1 mM. These experiments were conducted in an attempt to determine why dThd, although effective as a cytostatic agent against L1210 in vitro, is ineffective against L1210 in (BALB/c X DBA/2)F1 (CD2F1) mice. Systemic variations of dThd concentration and exposure times were examined in both a growth-inhibition assay and a soft agar cloning assay in vitro. The growth of cells exposed to 0.1 - 1.0 mM dThd for 15 hours was inhibited dramatically during exposure, but growth recovered to control rate rapidly when dThd was washed off the cells. With 96 hours of exposure to 1.0 mM dThd, growth rate did not return to control rate up to 120 hours after washing. Cloning efficiency was reduced to less than 1% of control by prior 96-hour exposure of L1210 cells to more than 0.5 mM dThd. Concentrations of deoxycytidine (dCyd) of 1.0 microM partially reversed cytotoxicity caused by dThd greater than 0.1 mM, and 10 microM dCyd completely reversed this cytotoxicity. In vivo plasma dThd concentrations during ip injections of 3,600 mg dThd/kg body weight every 8 hours for 4 days (approximately lethal dose for 10% of animals treated) ranged from 10 to 0.1 mM, but these concentrations were ineffective in prolonging survival time of L1210-bearing mice. Plasma concentrations of dCyd prior to dThd exposure were less than 1.0 microM. Following injection of dThd (3,600 mg/kg body wt), plasma dCyd was 2.8 +/- 0.5 microM (normal mice) and 6.1 +/- 0.5 microM (L1210-bearing mice). Thus the rise of dCyd in plasma following dThd administration in vivo prevented the cytotoxicity of dThd seen in vitro from being manifested in vivo in CD2F1 mice.
In Vivo Measurement of GABA Transmission in Healthy Subjects and Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: W. Gordon Frankle, Raymond Y. Cho, Konasale M. Prasad, N. Scott Mason, Jennifer Paris, Michael L. Himes, Christopher Walker, David A. Lewis, Rajesh Narendran
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

Objective: Postmortem studies in schizophrenia reveal alterations in gene products that regulate the release and extracellular persistence of GABA. However, results of in vivo studies of schizophrenia measuring total tissue GABA with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have been inconsistent. Neither the postmortem nor the MRS studies directly address the physiological properties of GABA neurotransmission. The present study addresses this question through an innovative positron emission tomography (PET) paradigm. Method: The binding of [11C]flumazenil, a benzodiazepine-specific PET radiotracer, was measured before and after administration of tiagabine (0.2 mg/kg of body weight), a GABA membrane transporter (GAT1) blocker, in 17 off-medication patients with schizophrenia and 22 healthy comparison subjects. Increased extracellular GABA, through GAT1 blockade, enhances the affinity of GABAA receptors for benzodiazepine ligands, detected as an increase in [11C]flumazenil tissue distribution volume (VT). Results: [11C]Flumazenil VT was significantly increased across all cortical brain regions in the healthy comparison group but not in the schizophrenia group. This lack of effect was most prominent in the antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia group. In this subgroup, [11C]flumazenil ΔVT in the medial temporal lobe was correlated with positive symptoms, and baseline [11C]flumazenil VT in the medial temporal lobe was negatively correlated with visual learning. In the healthy comparison group but not the schizophrenia group, [11C]flumazenil ΔVT was positively associated with gamma-band oscillation power. Conclusions: This study demonstrates, for the first time, an in vivo impairment in GABA transmission in schizophrenia, most prominent in antipsychotic-naive individuals. The impairment in GABA transmission appears to be linked to clinical symptoms, disturbances in cortical oscillations, and cognition.
Prognostic value of electrophysiology testing in asymptomatic patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern.
Authors: J W Leitch, G J Klein, R Yee, C Murdock
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The prognostic value of electrophysiology testing was studied in 75 asymptomatic patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White electrocardiographic pattern. All patients underwent electrophysiology testing at entry to the study and were followed up annually for a total of 348 patient-years (median, 4.3 years). There were 44 male and 31 female patients, and age at enrollment ranged from 7 to 77 years (mean, 34 +/- 14 years). The median effective refractory period of the accessory pathway was 293 msec (interquartile range, 280-310 msec), and the median shortest RR interval between preexcited beats during atrial fibrillation (SRR) [corrected] was 274 msec (240-320 msec). Twenty-three patients had an SRR of 250 msec or less and eight patients had a median shortest SRR interval of 200 msec or less. Twelve patients had inducible sustained reciprocating tachycardia, 10 patients had inducible nonsustained reciprocating tachycardia, and 23 patients had inducible sustained atrial fibrillation. Twenty patients (27%) lacked retrograde conduction over the accessory pathway. No patient died suddenly during a median follow-up of 4.3 years. Six patients (8%) became symptomatic with documented supraventricular tachycardia, of whom two underwent operative ablation of their accessory pathways. No patient with absent retrograde accessory pathway conduction during the electrophysiology study became symptomatic. Inducible sustained or nonsustained reciprocating tachycardia at electrophysiology study did not predict the development of subsequent symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia. Nine patients lost preexcitation during follow-up. Age at enrollment (relative risk/decade, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.8) and anterograde accessory pathway refractory period (relative risk, 1.06/10 msec; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.12) were independent predictors of loss of preexcitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Expression of P-gP in patients with resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Ivan Neves, Marli Costa, Simone Carvalho, Liane De Castro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Resistant tuberculosis (TB) is one important cause of treatment failure. One of the MDR resistance mechanisms is MDR1 gene expression, as P-glycoprotein (P-gP) expressed on cell surface, its related with output of drugs and could modify their biodisponibility.

Objectives:To evaluate P-gP expression in patients with monoresitance (MR) or multi-drug resistance (MDR) tuberculosis.

Methods: A prospective study was performed analyzing blood samples of patients with confirmed resistant TB in treatment at Evandro Chagas Research Institute (IPEC) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, since 2010. Flowcytometric analyses of P-gP Activity - For detection of P-gP function as a transporter, Rhd 123, by Sigma-Germany (SG) was used as a fluorescent. Cicloprorin-A (SG) was used in this study to reverse P-gP mediated drug resistance and Rifampicin (R) as inductor. Detection P-gP expression - The monocytes P-gP expression was determined using a murine anti-P-gP monoclonal antibody (eBioscience-USA) and anti-CD14, and analyzed using flowcytometer (EPICS XL-MCL System II; Beckmam Coulter, USA). Results: The samples of 12 patients were analysed. Seven men and five women, with ages from 23 to 73 years old.The panel of resistance showed: R(2); Rifampicin more isoniazide (RI) (4); RI more Streptomycin (S) (3); RI more Ethambutol (E) (2) RIS more Pirazinamide (Z) (1).The efflux activity was identified in 53.8% of patients.The Rifampicin was able to efflux induce in majority of patients.Unexpected the monocytes P-gPexpression was found in 57, 7% and 74, 1%, respectively in patients with efflux activity and no efflux activity.

Conclusion: These findings can be involved with resistant TB and future relation with response of treatment must be evaluated.
Variability and reproducibility in the measurement of tracheobronchial clearance in healthy subjects and patients with different obstructive lung diseases
Authors: M Del Donno, D Pavia, JE Agnew, MT Lopez-Vidriero, SW Clarke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

The purpose of this study was to establish the inter- and intra-subject/patient variability of tracheobronchial clearance, measured for 6 h, using a radioaerosol technique. Inter-subject variability was evaluated in five groups: 33 healthy non-smokers (NS); 19 asymptomatic smokers (S); 40 asthmatics (A); 27 chronic bronchitics (CB) and 12 bronchiectatics (B). Intra-subject variability was evaluated in 16 A and 27 CB who were studied twice. The inter-subject/patient coefficient of variation (CoV) of tracheobronchial clearance was 13% for NS and 28-39% for the remaining four groups. The intra-patient CoV was about half of the inter-patient CoV. Inter-subject CoV (for A and CB) appeared to be independent of initial tracheobronchial deposition of radioaerosol and frequency of cough. We were also able to estimate the approximate number of patients required for a crossover study in order to avoid statistical, type II errors when investigating the effect of a drug or of a therapeutic intervention on tracheobronchial clearance.
Use and risks of surgical mesh for pelvic organ prolapse surgery in women in New York state: population based cohort study
Authors: B. Chughtai, J. Mao, J. Buck, S. Kaplan, A. Sedrakyan
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the use of mesh in pelvic organ prolapse surgery, and compare short term outcomes between procedures using and not using mesh. <b>Design</b> All inclusive, population based cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Statewide surgical care captured in the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. <b>Participants</b> Women who underwent prolapse repair procedures in New York state from 2008 to 2011. <b>Main outcomes measures</b> 90 day safety events and reinterventions within one year, after propensity score matching. Categorical, time to event, and subgroup analyses (&lt;65 and ≥65 year age groups) were conducted. <b>Results</b> Of 27 991 patients in total, 7338 and 20 653 underwent prolapse repair procedures with and without mesh, respectively. Mesh use increased by 44.7%, from 1461 procedures in 2008 to 2114 procedures in 2011. Most patients in the cohort were younger than 65 years (62.3% (n=17 424/27 991)). However, more patients were aged 65 years and older in the mesh group than in the non-mesh group (44.3% (n=3249) <i>v</i> 35.4% (n=7318)). Complications after surgery were not common, irrespective of the use or non-use of mesh. After propensity score matching, patients who received the surgery with mesh had a higher chance of having a reintervention within one year (mesh 3.3% <i>v</i> no mesh 2.2%, hazard ratio 1.47 (95% confidence interval 1.21 to 1.79)) and were more likely to have urinary retention within 90 days (mesh 7.5% <i>v</i> no mesh 5.6%, risk ratio 1.33 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.51)), compared with those who received surgery without mesh. In subgroup analyses based on age, mesh use was associated with an increased risk of reintervention within one year in patients under age 65 years, and increased risk of urinary retention in patients aged 65 years and over. <b>Conclusions</b> Despite multiple warnings released by the US Food and Drug Administration since 2008, use of mesh in pelvic organ prolapse surgery continues to grow. In this statewide comprehensive study, mesh procedures were associated with an increased risk of reinterventions within one year and urinary retention after surgery.
Employment of a [&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;H]Thymidine-Incorporation Assay to Distinguish the Effects of Different Friend Erythroleukemia-Inducing Retroviruses on Erythroid Cell Proliferation
Authors: S K Ruscetti
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Spleen cells taken from mice infected as adults with two different variants of the spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV), SFFVP and SFFVA, as well as spleen cells taken from mice infected as newborns with Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) were assayed in a proliferation assay in the presence or absence of the erythroid hormone erythropoietin (Epo). Infection of NIH Swiss mice with SFFV resulted in excessive proliferation of erythroid cells that could still differentiate, and spleen cells taken from these mice were able to incorporate high levels of tritiated thymidine ([3H]dThd) in the absence of Epo, even in the presence of antibodies to Epo. In contrast, the level of proliferation of spleen cells from SFFVA-infected mice, but not those from SFFVP-infected mice, could be greatly enhanced by the addition of Epo to the cultures. Infection of newborn mice with F-MuLV resulted in the generation of Friend mink cell focus-inducing virus, which caused excessive proliferation of erythroid cells that appeared to be blocked in differentiation, resulting in severe anemia. Spleen cells from these mice were unable to proliferate in the absence of Epo. However, when increasing doses of Epo were added to the cultures, the cells proliferated at levels equivalent to the levels seen with SFFV. These results indicate that a proliferation assay based on the incorporation of [3H]dThd into spleen cells in response to Epo can be used as a quantitative means of assessing and comparing the effects of erythroleukemia-inducing retroviruses on the proliferation of their target cells.
Bronchoalveolar disease in dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: F Verra, S Kouzan, P Saiag, J Bignon, H de Cremoux
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an unusual familial disorder primarily affecting the skin and its appendages. We report the case of a DC patient with chronic respiratory tract involvement, confirming the features previously reported by a small number of authors: 1) chronic bronchoalveolar involvement is not unusual in this disorder; 2) the main features are early sputum production with subsequent bronchial and alveolar destruction; 3) after onset of dyspnoea the course is rapidly fatal, with progressive respiratory failure. Immune deficiency and repeated bronchoalveolar infections may be involved in the pathogenesis of these manifestations.
Pregnancy after bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: S C Gulati, C Van Poznak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To evaluate the occurrence of pregnancy after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). DESIGN Medline literature review of reported pregnancies in the BMT population published in the English language. RESULTS Multiple case reports and a few series studies showed more than 250 offspring from BMT recipients. CONCLUSION BMT patients receive high-dose chemotherapy and often radiation, as well. These agents are associated with gonadal dysfunction and the fertility of patients after BMT is of concern because BMT patients are often young people who wish to resume a normal quality of life, which for many patients involves the desire to have children. Our experience with the successful pregnancy of one of our BMT patients led to the investigation of reported cases that showed numerous other births. The issue of counseling BMT patients about fertility, pregnancy complications, and potential birth defects is becoming increasingly complex and warrants further investigation.
The future of telerehabilitation in lung cancer: An observational study investigating technology use
Authors: Catherine Granger, Lara Edbrooke, Linda Denehy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

There is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of exercise in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Home-based rehabilitation may be favourable however limited information is available about technology access and use.  Aims  To identify 1) proportion of patients with lung cancer who access/use mobile phones, tablets or computers and 2) patient profile of such individuals.  Method  23 participants (17male, mean age 67±8yrs) from one tertiary hospital with stage I-III NSCLC 1-13 months post diagnosis completed a technology questionnaire. Additional measures at time of diagnosis included comorbidities, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (function), 6minute walk (exercise capacity) and questionnaires (physical activity, symptoms, mood, quality of life).  Results  70% (n=16) of participants had a mobile phone, 4% (n=1) had a tablet and 48% (n=10) had a computer. 30% (n=7) of participants did not have a mobile, tablet or computer; these individuals were older (p=0.01), had greater comorbidities (p=0.03), and worse fatigue (p=0.01) and function (p=0.02). The majority of participants with mobile phones did not have a smart phone (69%) and no participants used internet on their phone. Of the participants with a computer, 36% used the internet daily, all other participants (64%) used the internet once a month or less. 13% rated their computer skills as 9adequate9 or higher. Skype and Facebook were only used by one participant.  Conclusion  Access and use of smart phones, tablets or computers is relatively infrequent in our NSCLC population. Further studies are warranted to explore the acceptability of technology in the delivery of exercise rehabilitation in this population.
Inhibition of Leukocyte Migration by Tumor-Associated Antigens in Soluble Extracts of Human Breast Carcinoma 2
Authors: J.L. McCoy, L.F. Jerome, J.H. Dean, G.B. Cannon, T.C. Alford, T. Doering, R.B. Herberman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Inhibition of Leukocyte Migration by Tumor-Associated Antigens in Soluble Extracts of Human Breast Carcinoma Get access J.L. McCoy, J.L. McCoy 3Department of Immunology, Litton Bionetics, Inc., 5510 Nicholson Lane, Kensington, Md. 20795. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L.F. Jerome, L.F. Jerome 3Department of Immunology, Litton Bionetics, Inc., 5510 Nicholson Lane, Kensington, Md. 20795. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.H. Dean, J.H. Dean 3Department of Immunology, Litton Bionetics, Inc., 5510 Nicholson Lane, Kensington, Md. 20795. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G.B. Cannon, G.B. Cannon 3Department of Immunology, Litton Bionetics, Inc., 5510 Nicholson Lane, Kensington, Md. 20795. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T.C. Alford, T.C. Alford 4Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20037 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. Doering, T. Doering 5Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C. 29401 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R.B. Herberman R.B. Herberman 6Cellular and Tumor Immunology Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,, Bethesda, Md. 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 1, July 1974, Pages 11–16, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.1.11 Published: 01 July 1974 Article history Received: 06 November 1973 Accepted: 25 March 1974 Published: 01 July 1974