tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic lupus erythematosus in Zimbabwe.
Authors: H G Taylor, C M Stein
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was diagnosed in 31 black Zimbabweans over a six year period. Renal involvement (71%) was more common and photosensitivity (16%) and serositis (23%) less common than in the United States. Lymphopenia (48%) was the commonest haematological abnormality. Unusual complications included subarachnoid haemorrhage, cardiac rhythm disturbance, portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, and a non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Tuberculosis was a common differential diagnosis that was difficult to exclude. Nine patients (29%) died within one year of diagnosis. SLE is being recognised more commonly in Zimbabwe.
Protective T Cell–Independent Antiviral Antibody Responses Are Dependent on Complement
Authors: Adrian F. Ochsenbein, Daniel D. Pinschewer, Bernhard Odermatt, Michael C. Carroll, Hans Hengartner, Rolf M. Zinkernagel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Complement is part of the innate immune system and one of the first lines of host defense against infections. Its importance was evaluated in this study in virus infections in mice deficient either in soluble complement factors (C3−/−, C4−/−) or in the complement signaling complex (complement receptor [CR]2−/−, CD19−/−). The induction of the initial T cell–independent neutralizing immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibody response to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), poliomyelitis virus, and recombinant vaccinia virus depended on efficient antigen trapping by CR3 and -4–expressing macrophages of the splenic marginal zone. Neutralizing IgM and IgG antibody responses were largely independent of CR2-mediated stimulation of B cells when mice were infected with live virus. In contrast, immunizations with nonreplicating antigens revealed an important role of B cell stimulation via CR2 in the switch to IgG. The complement cascade was activated after infection with VSV via the classical pathway, and active complement cleavage products augmented the effector function of neutralizing IgM and IgG antibodies to VSV by a factor of 10–100. Absence of the early neutralizing antibody responses, together with the reduced efficiency of neutralizing IgM in C3−/− mice, led to a drastically enhanced susceptibility to disease after infection with VSV.
PREVENTION OF GOITER IN ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Authors: G. W. Goler
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A statement appeared inThe Journal, April 4, p. 1056, under the title, "Summary of Goiter Prevention," to the effect that Rochester had discontinued its method of adding iodid to the water supply. So far as Rochester is concerned, the statement is one of the "facts that aren't so." Rochester has not stopped putting iodid in the water. It is putting it in now. No information relating to the taking of tablets containing iodid has been given or will be given in Rochester by me.
Factors Explaining Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Chemoimmunotherapy Regimens for Frequently Recurring Superficial Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Eero Kaasinen, Erkki Rintala, Pekka Hellström, Jouko Viitanen, Harri Juusela, Pertti Rajala, Heikki Korhonen, Tapani Liukkonen
Journal: European Urology (2002)
Incidence of Coronory Disease
Authors: R. G. D. Newill
Journal: BMJ (1964)

in England that provide the same opportunity, and there should be little difficulty to train for final F.R.C.S. in these posts.I am rather sorry to see, yet again, the condemnation of the provincial hospitals by those in teaching centres.These hospitals do the bulk of the work and postgraduate training, and do both these tasks well, with only a few exceptions.It would, however, he helpful if, as in many other specialties, " exchange posts " for.regis- trars could be established between teaching and provincial hospitals.The minimum training requirement in E.N.T. (until recently at any rate) to enable a candidate to sit the final Fellowship in England was six months, and I believe nil in other centres.The general surgical training minimum for E.N.T. candidates of
Treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis using phonophoresis
Authors: Darin S. Gogstetter, Lowell A. Goldsmith
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1999)

Sarcoidosis is a multiple-system disorder of unknown origin characterized histologically by epithelioid granulomas with little or no necrosis. We describe a 32-year-old female patient with a history of systemic sarcoidosis and common variable immunodeficiency with recurrent, multiple, soft, erythematous and violaceous nodules on the back of her left hand. Her lesions responded to phonophoresis after unsuccessful treatment with topical and intralesional corticosteroids. However, nodules appeared on other parts of her body after phonophoresis was stopped, which suggests that phonophoresis had a localized rather than systemic effect. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:767-9.)
Muscle power after glucose-potassium loading in undernourished patients.
Authors: S T Chan, S J McLaughlin, G A Ponting, J Biglin, H A Dudley
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The force-frequency characteristics and maximal relaxation rate of the adductor pollicis muscle were measured before and after 48 hours of intravenous loading with glucose (104.5 kJ (25 kcal)/kg/24 h) and potassium (20 mmol(mEq)/500 ml glucose) in eight undernourished patients about to undergo surgery. Both variables of skeletal muscle performance, which were depressed when compared with data from 100 healthy volunteers, improved significantly after glucose-potassium loading. The improvement was accompanied by restoration of muscle glycogen values and return of respiratory exchange ratios towards unity. These results imply that if muscle power is a yardstick for preoperative nutritional rehabilitation then a simple regimen of energy-electrolyte repletion may be cost effective in preparing undernourished patients for major surgery.
214 PREGNANCY IN WOMEN WITH PORTAL VEIN CAVERNOMA (PVC): MATERNAL AND FOETAL MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME
Authors: A. Plessier, P.E. Rautou, G. Ducarme, D. Thabut, H. Labadi, P. Mathurin, E. Mazoyer, V. Ozenne, B. Condat, J. Bernuau, C. Yver, M.-H. Denninger, S. Hillaire, A. Sibert, D. Luton, D. Valla
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
A possible mechanism of insulin resistance in the rat adipose cell in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Depletion of intracellular glucose transport systems.
Authors: E Karnieli, P J Hissin, I A Simpson, L B Salans, S W Cushman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The effects of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on glucose transport activity and on the concentrations of glucose transport systems in the plasma and low density microsomal membranes in adipose cells isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats have been examined. Glucose transport activity was assessed by measuring 3-O-methylglucose transport and the concentration of glucose transport systems estimated by measuring specific D-glucose-inhibitable cytochalasin B-binding. Basal glucose transport activity decreases from 0.19 to 0.12 fmol/cell per min with the induction of diabetes, but remains constant per unit cellular surface area and is accompanied by a constant 6 pmol of glucose transport systems/mg of membrane protein in the plasma membrane fraction. Maximally insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity decreases from 3.16 to 1.05 fmol/cell per min and from 0.26 to 0.12 amol/micrometers 2 per min, and is accompanied by a decrease from 25 to 15 pmol of glucose transport systems/mg of plasma membrane protein. These diminished effects of insulin on glucose transport activity and the concentration of glucose transport systems in the plasma membrane fraction are paralleled by a 45% decrease in the basal number of glucose transport systems per milligram of membrane protein in the low density microsomal membrane fraction, the source of those glucose transport systems appearing in the plasma membrane in response to insulin. Thus, the "insulin resistant" glucose transport of the adipose cell in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat appears to be the consequence of a depletion of glucose transport systems in the intracellular pool.
Interferon tau-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in sheep
Authors: Hun-Taek Kim, George Stoica, Fuller W. Bazer, Troy L. Ott
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Clinical applications of Type I interferon (IFN) are limited by adverse side effects mediated largely by unknown mechanisms. This study examined the mechanisms of acute hepatic injury in lambs treated with systemic administration of IFN-τ, a Type I IFN. Liver tissues were collected at 24, 48, or 96 hours after treatment with either IFN-τ or saline. Histopathology revealed acute hepatopathy including cellular swelling, cytoplasmic aggregates, and apoptosis in all IFN-τ-treated lambs, which were accompanied by elevation of aspartate transaminase (AST) ( P &lt; .01). The number of apoptotic hepatocytes in IFN-τ-treated lambs was higher than for control lambs ( P &lt; .001). Immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) revealed that IFN-τ induced hepatocyte growth arrest at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and that the majority of hepatocytes in S or G2 phase were eliminated by apoptosis. We investigated expression of bax-α and bcl-2, acting as pro- and antiapoptotic molecules, in IFN-τ-induced apoptosis. Northern blot analysis revealed increased expression of bax-α messenger RNA (mRNA) in IFN-τ-treated lambs ( P &lt; .01) compared with control lambs, consistent with the expression pattern for bax-α protein. However, there was no detectable difference in expression of bcl-2 proteins between control and IFN-τ-treated lambs. The levels of bax-α associated with the mitochondria also increased during IFN-τ treatment. Bax-α immunostaining showed scattered immunoreactive hepatocytes with morphological hallmarks of apoptosis. These results suggest that IFN-τ induces growth arrest as well as apoptosis by regulating bax-α expression. These pathological effects of IFN-τ on sheep liver indicate potential mechanisms of Type 1 IFN-induced hepatotoxicity in animals and humans.
The Yield of Capsule Endoscopy in Patients with Abdominal Pain or Diarrhea
Authors: L. Fry, E. Carey, A. Shiff, R. Heigh, V. Sharma, J. Post, J. Hentz, D. Fleischer, J. Leighton
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Capsule endoscopy, proven effective for evaluation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and suspected Crohn's disease, is increasingly used to investigate other small-intestine disorders, but its yield for other indications is not well known. We sought to evaluate its yield and findings for abdominal pain or diarrhea.Medical records of patients with abdominal pain or diarrhea (> 6 weeks' duration) who underwent capsule endoscopy between August 2001 and June 2004 were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data, indications, findings, diagnoses, complications, and radiologic studies. All patients had previous endoscopic or radiologic examinations (colonoscopy, enteroscopy, upper endoscopy, small-bowel series, computed tomography enterography, or computed tomography) demonstrating no abnormalities sufficient for diagnosis.64 patients (26 men; 38 women; mean age, 43 years; age range, 19 - 83 years) who met study criteria had 68 capsule endoscopy studies. Indications were abdominal pain (35 patients), diarrhea (14), or both (15). Complete small-bowel visualization with identification of the cecum was achieved in 81 %; yield of positive findings was 9 % (6 patients). By indications, the yield was 6 % for abdominal pain, 14 % for diarrhea, and 13 % for both. Diagnoses included Crohn's disease (3), enteropathy induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (2), and submucosal tumor (1). Capsule retention occurred in two patients, requiring surgical removal.Capsule endoscopy had a low yield for evaluation of abdominal pain or diarrhea and cannot be recommended as a first-line test without further study. Nonetheless, it facilitated diagnosis in 9 % of patients with negative endoscopic and radiologic examinations.
Health department to improve investigation of waiting list fiddles
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The Department of Health is introducing a framework to be followed where there is evidence or strong suspicion of serious malpractice in relation to the reporting of waiting lists.

But it refused to say whether or not it had specifically asked the NHS Counter Fraud Service to investigate whether some managers fraudulently took bonus payments by claiming that they had met their waiting list targets when, in fact, the figures had been manipulated and their targets had not been met.

It is also going to issue new directions to ensure that NHS staff who take compensation packages from their employers pay back all or …
Orbital bruits in patients on maintenance haemodialysis.
Authors: R N Sukhai, R A Donckerwolcke
Journal: BMJ (1975)

It seems clear that the only spastic infant in our series would have been equally likely to be handicapped had it been delivered by caesarean section and, in our hands, prolonged resuscitation did not keep alive spastics caused by the mode of delivery, so depressing our perinatal loss rate.I thank Mr. E. 0.
The Role of Decision and Cost Analyses in the Treatment of Pregnant Women With Recurrent Genital Herpes
Authors: Janet R. Daling
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The techniques of cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, and clinical-decision analyses provide theoretical frameworks for systematic evaluation of the consequences of medical care programs or policies. For a specific medical problem, these techniques help evaluate the attainment of the "greatest social good," given the limited availability of health resources.<sup>1</sup>The analyses, in and of themselves, are limited by the difficulty in determination of values concerning quality-of-life issues and by the model's inability to incorporate political and medicolegal concerns and clinical reality.<sup>2</sup>Thus, these tools are usually intended, from a societal perspective, to complement and enhance, not replace, health policy decision making and clinical judgment.<sup>3</sup>For complex issues, these analytic tools can help clarify points of agreement and disagreement regarding assumptions, probabilities, values, and what additional information is needed from future studies.<sup>4</sup> In this issue ofThe Journal, Binkin et al,<sup>5</sup>by using decision analysis in combination with cost-effectiveness analysis,
Prognostic utility of comparative methods for assessment of ST-segment resolution after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Michael G. McLaughlin, Gregg W. Stone, Eve Aymong, Graham Gardner, Roxana Mehran, Alexandra J. Lansky, Cindy L. Grines, James E. Tcheng, David A. Cox, Thomas Stuckey, Eulogio Garcia, Giulio Guagliumi, Mark Turco, Mark E. Josephson, Peter Zimetbaum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Abstract P1-09-07: Survival, Health Care Utilization and Cost after Recurrence among Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer in a U.S. Managed Care Setting
Authors: O Baser, W Wei, HJ Henk, L Xie, A. Teitelbaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the lack of expression of the genes for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor or human epidermal growth factor recepter-2 and therefore it has a shorter recurrence-free interval. We compared the survival rates, health care costs and utilization of breast cancer recurrent patients who have triple negative versus no triple negative breast cancer. Methods: Analyses were conducted using Impact Intelligence Oncology Management (IIOM) (2002-2009) linked with United Health administrative claims. Patients were followed from the time of initial breast cancer diagnosis until death, disenrollment or end of the observation period. Continuous enrollment was required during the observation period. Staging and estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR) and HER2 status were obtained at time of initial diagnosis. Patients’ age, region, cancer stage, and comorbid conditions were controlled for risk-adjusted comparison. A stratified log-rank test was used to determine the equality of survival functions. Cox regression was used for the risk-adjusted survival analysis. Health care resource use during the follow-up period after recurrence was modeled with negative binomial regression. Inverse probability weight adjusted generalized linear models were used to estimate risk-adjusted total health care costs. Results: The study included 289 recurrent breast cancer patients, out of which 87 (30%) had triple negative breast cancer. At time of recurrence, TNBC patients had similar age, plan, region, and cancer stage distribution relative to non-TNBC patients. During follow-up, TNBC patients had significantly lower survival rate (log-rank test P&amp;lt;0.001). After controlling for baseline differences, the overall mortality risk rates for TNBC recurrent patients were almost three times higher than non-TNBC recurrent patients (HR:2.84, p=0.056). The risk-adjusted annual number of hospitalizations was also higher for TNBC patients with a recurrent event (1.65 vs. 1.13, p=0.05). There were no differences in health care costs after recurrence between TNBC and non-TNBC patients. Conclusion: Although similar in health care costs, triple negative breast cancer is associated with higher mortality and number of hospitalizations after the recurrence of breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-09-07.
The "Butterfly" Sign in Patients with Chronic Jaundice and Pruritus
Authors: TELFER B. REYNOLDS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The importance of irritation from scratching in hyperpigmentation with chronic, itchy jaundice is suggested by the frequent development of a butterfly-shaped area of lesser pigmentation over the back, where the patient cannot easily reach to scratch. We noted this sign in 12 of 17 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who had chronic pruritus, in 1 of 2 patients with sclerosing cholangitis, and in 1 patient with carcinoma of the bile duct.
THE EFFECT OF FATAL P. KNOWLESI MALARIA ON SIMIAN CIRCULATORY AND BODY FLUID COMPARTMENT PHYSIOLOGY 1
Authors: Richard R. Overman, Harry A. Feldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1947)

Although some objective measurements of the altered physiology of the malarial host have been made in human patients with therapeutic P. vivax and P. falciparutrn infections (1), almost no such studies have been made of the circulatory and fluid compartment volumes in fatal malaria.Numerous conclusions regarding the altered fluid physiology of the monkey with fatal P. knowlesi infections have been.made by Knisely, et al ( 2), but these were, essentially, inferences based on microscopic observations of the capillaries (omentum, stomach, intestine and peritoneum) of liv- ing animals.The present investigation was made to elicit objective information concerning the al- tered physiological mechanisms in monkeys fatally ill of malaria. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe following control determinations were made in 23 normal Macacus mulata monkeys who varied in weight from 2.45 to 4.40 kgm.: (a) total plasma volume by a
Beta-catenin-NF-κB interactions in murine hepatocytes: A complex to die for
Authors: Kari Nejak-Bowen, Alexander Kikuchi, Satdarshan P.S. Monga
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in hepatic homeostasis, especially in liver development, regeneration, and cancer, and loss of β-catenin signaling is often associated with increased apoptosis. To elucidate how β-catenin may be regulating hepatocyte survival, we investigated the susceptibility of β-catenin conditional knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates to Fas and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), two common pathways of hepatocyte apoptosis. While comparable detrimental effects from Fas activation were observed in WT and KO, a paradoxical survival benefit was observed in KO mice challenged with D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide. KO mice showed significantly lower morbidity and liver injury due to early, robust, and protracted activation of NF-κB in the absence of β-catenin. Enhanced NF-κB activation in KO mice was associated with increased basal inflammation and Toll-like receptor 4 expression and lack of the p65/β-catenin complex in hepatocytes. The p65/β-catenin complex in WT livers underwent temporal dissociation allowing for NF-κB activation to regulate hepatocyte survival following TNF-α-induced hepatic injury. Decrease of total β-catenin protein but not its inactivation induced p65 activity, whereas β-catenin stabilization either chemically or due to mutations repressed it in hepatomas in a dose-dependent manner, whereas β-catenin stabilization repressed it either chemically or due to mutations.The p65/β-catenin complex in hepatocytes undergoes dynamic changes during TNF-α-induced hepatic injury and plays a critical role in NF-κB activation and cell survival. Modulation of β-catenin levels is a unique mode of regulating NF-κB activity and thus may present novel opportunities in devising therapeutics in specific hepatic injuries.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibition of contraction may be mediated through inhibition of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in rat aorta.
Authors: R M Rapoport
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibits contraction through inhibition of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. Sodium nitroprusside and atriopeptin II, agents which activate soluble and particulate guanylate cyclase, respectively, inhibited norepinephrine-induced contraction and accumulation of inositol monophosphate, a measure of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. Acetylcholine, an agent which elevates smooth muscle cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels through release of an endothelial-derived relaxing factor, induced similar inhibitory effects on contraction and inositol monophosphate accumulation in the presence but not absence of the endothelium. The cyclic nucleotide analogue 8-bromo cyclic guanosine monophosphate also inhibited contraction and inositol monophosphate accumulation. These results suggest that cyclic guanosine monophosphate may inhibit contraction through inhibition of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. Furthermore, the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis was independent of the mechanism by which cyclic guanosine monophosphate elevation occurred.
THE EFFECT OF INTERMITTENT LOW MOLECULAR DEXTRAN INFUSIONS UPON THE DIGITAL CIRCULATION IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.
Authors: G. HOLTI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1965)

Journal Article THE EFFECT OF INTERMITTENT LOW MOLECULAR DEXTRAN INFUSIONS UPON THE DIGITAL CIRCULATION IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS. Get access G. HOLTI G. HOLTI Department of Dermatology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 77, Issue 11, 1 November 1965, Pages 560–568, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14576.x Published: 01 November 1965
APPENDICITIS--AND QUICKNESS
Authors: T. G. Mathews
Journal: BMJ (1912)

APPENDICITIS-AND QUICKNESS.SIR,-I would ask Mr. Morton to remember that when I said in a previous communication I liad no fault to find with operation within twelve hours of the onset of an attack of acute appendicitis, it was the question of mortality that was being discussed.On that point there are no grounds for asserting that lharm is done.Tlhis, lhowever, does not prove that suclh a course of action is necessary, and it is because I think it is not so tllat