tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life and pulmonary function in patients after segmentectomy and lobectomy for tuberculosis
Authors: Mikhail Chushkin, Oleg Ots, Batarbek Maliev, Dmitriy Zhutikov, Sergey Smerdin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

In 2008 in Russia 12275 patients were submitted to thoracic surgery for pulmonary tuberculosis. The aim of this study was long-term results of lung resection for pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: We investigated quality of life (QoL) and pulmonary function in 67 patients after lung resection. Of these 67 patients, 33 underwent single lobectomy (group L) and 34 underwent segmentectomy (group S). All postoperative examinations were performed more than one year after surgery. QoL was studied with St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Pulmonary function was studied with spirometry and plethysmography.

Results: Symptoms SGRQ scores were 16,5 and 34% (group S and group L, respectively, p 0,05 for all cases). In group S airway obstruction (FEV1/FVC  0,05).

Conclusions: QoL in patients after lobectomy was significantly worse than in patients after segmentectomy, although the results of pulmonary function were the same. So the patients after lobectomy need more active treatment including pulmonary rehabilitation.
Nature of Genetic Resistance to Marek's Disease in Chickens&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Lucy F. Lee, P.C. Powell, M. Rennie, L.J.N. Ross, L.N. Payne
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Infection of line 6 resistant and line 7 susceptible chickens with Marek's disease virus (MDV) resulted in a depressed phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response and the presence of Marek's disease (MD) tumor-associated surface antigen (MATSA) in the spleens. At 6-10 weeks after infection, recovery in PHA response, diminution in the number of MATSA cells, and the presence of significant anti-MATSA immunity were observed in line 6 but not in line 7 chickens. Both lines had antibody-dependent cell-mediated antiviral immunity, but T-cell-mediated antiviral immunity was detected only in line 6 and the surviving line 7 chickens. Lymphoproliferative lesions were found only in line 7 chickens, an virus titers were significantly higher in line 7 than in line 6 chickens and embryos. Lymphoid organ weights and the number of lymphocytes of line 6 were significantly lower than those of line 7. These data suggests that resistance to MD in line 6 chickens was due to a) a deficiency in the aggregate number of target lymphocytes, b) a restriction in the ability to lymphocytes to nonproductively replicate MDV, and c) the involvement of cellular antiviral and antitumor immune responses.
Abstract 1853: Piwi-like 1 and -4 gene transcript levels are associated with clinicopathological parameters in renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Omar Al-Janabi, Sven Wach, Elke Nolte, Katrin Weigelt, Tilman T. Rau, Christine Stöhr, Wolfgang Legal, Stefan Schick, Thomas Greither, Arndt Hartmann, Bernd Wullich, Helge W. Taubert
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Piwi-like gene family members (Piwil 1-4) are considered stem cell-associated genes/proteins. These are expressed predominantly in germline cells, but are re-expressed in different tumors. Piwil 1-4 gene expression has not previously been studied and correlated with clinicopathological parameters in renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Material and Methods: The Piwil 1-4 transcript levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR in 74 clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tissues and corresponding normal tissues. Results: The transcript levels of Piwil 1, 2 and 4 were strongly and significantly correlated with each other, but not with Piwil 3, in both the tumor tissues and the normal tissues (P &amp;lt; 0.001; Spearman's rank test). Piwil 4 gene expression was significantly higher in the ccRCC tissues than in the corresponding normal renal tissues (P &amp;lt; 0.001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). When the ccRCC patient cohort was divided according to the median Piwil 1-4 expression into low and high-expression groups and according to age into younger (≤ 64 years) and older patient groups (&amp;gt;64 years), the younger patients displayed significantly higher levels of Piwil 1 mRNA in comparison to the older patients (P = 0.010; Fisher's exact test). Interestingly, Piwil 1 expression was left-right polarized in the normal tissues but not in the tumor tissues (P = 0.0005; Fisher's exact test). Conclusions: Altogether, associations were determined between the Piwi-like family member expression levels and clinicopathological parameters of ccRCC, suggesting a potential role for these genes/proteins in ccRCC diagnostics and tumorigenesis, as well as in renal tissue embryology. Citation Format: Omar Al-Janabi, Sven Wach, Elke Nolte, Katrin Weigelt, Tilman T. Rau, Christine Stöhr, Wolfgang Legal, Stefan Schick, Thomas Greither, Arndt Hartmann, Bernd Wullich, Helge W. Taubert. Piwi-like 1 and -4 gene transcript levels are associated with clinicopathological parameters in renal cell carcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1853. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1853
Campylobacter Colitis: Differentiation from Acute Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: A S Mee, M Shield, Margaret Burke
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

We describe 10 patients with campylobacter colitis who gave a characteristic his tory of an acute diarrhoeal illness, rectal bleeding and colicky abdominal pain. For the majority of patients the clinical and sigmoidoscopic features differentiated campylobacter colitis from acute inflammatory bowel disease. Where doubt remained, evidence of a specific antibody response to campylobacter enabled a presumptive clinical diagnosis to be confirmed.
Interpretation of cytogenetic results in multiple myeloma for clinical practice
Authors: A M Rajan, S V Rajkumar
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Abstract The interpretation of cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma (MM) is often a challenging task. MM is characterized by several cytogenetic abnormalities that occur at various time points in the disease course. The interpretation of cytogenetic results in MM is complicated by the number and complexity of the abnormalities, the methods used to detect them and the disease stage at which they are detected. Specific cytogenetic abnormalities affect clinical presentation, progression of smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) to MM, prognosis of MM and management strategies. The goal of this paper is to provide a review of how MM is classified into specific subtypes based on primary cytogenetic abnormalities and to provide a concise overview of how to interpret cytogenetic abnormalities based on the disease stage to aid clinical practice and patient management.
Natural History of Adenocarcinoma of the Uterus in the Phipps Rabbit Colony2
Authors: Theodore H. Ingalls, William M. Adams, Max B. Lurie, Johannes Ipsen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

An account of the natural history of adenocarcinoma of the uterus occurring in females of the 33-year-old Phipps rabbit colony is presented. Epidemiologic analysis is made of the distribution of cases in relation to age, breeding performance, and native resistance to tuberculosis. Retrospective analysis, based on study of necropsy records made between 1931 and 1961 on all members of the colony dying of any cause, revealed that age is a dominant factor in the development of adenocarcinoma of the uterus; no uterine tumors were observed in rabbits under 2 ½ years of age. Observations to establish current prevalence were made in July, 1961, from laparotomies on 12 females over 4 years of age which were followed for 3 years thereafter. During this period, 11 of the 12 animals developed cancer and 3 died of carcinomatosis. Also, beginning in July, 1961, other 2½-year-old females of the rabbit colony were examined at 6-month intervals for uterine cancer by laparotomy and biopsy. As new cohorts of females attained this age, they were added to the population under study. The possibility that an infectious agent of the uterus is involved in the pathogenesis of these tumors is discussed briefly. No statistically significant correlation was found between the frequency of the uterine cancer in these rabbits and their breeding history.
Sputum protein profiles for monitoring lung pathophysiology in chronic lung diseases
Authors: Jeffrey Huang, Abdel Atrih, Alun Barton, Colin Palmer, Graham Devereus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background  Sputum proteome, mainly derived from proteins secreted from airway epithelial cells, immune related cells and proteins released from lysed cells/pathogens, is a potential source for the investigation of lung pathology and pathophysiology.  Objectives  We hypothesize that sputum protein profiles from cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could provide novel insight into their pathophysiology.  Methods  High resolution shotgun proteomics was used to investigate sputum protein profiles in 29 patients with CF, 27 patients with COPD and 23 healthy volunteers.  Results  A total of 631 proteins were confidently detected and analysed in this study group. Sputum protein profiles of CF shows a dramatic difference compared to those of healthy volunteers while the profiles of COPD patients were highly variable. Functional enrichment analysis indicates that CF has increased protein expression in pathways of chromatin assembly, actin filament-based process, defense response, carbohydrate catabolic process, anti-apoptosis, and cell motion (p  Conclusion  Sputum protein profile provides a comprehensive view of disease pathophysiology of chronic lung diseases. Some specific sputum protein expression could be useful for disease management and personalised treatment.
Identification of an MHC class I-restricted autoantigen in type 1 diabetes by screening an organ-specific cDNA library
Authors: F. Susan Wong, Jaana Karttunen, Caroline Dumont, Li Wen, Irene Visintin, Ingrid M. Pilip, Nilabh Shastri, Eric G. Pamer, Charles A. Janeway
Journal: Nature Medicine (1999)
Transthoracic ultrasound (USG) guided biopsy of lung lesions: Experience from a tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Debajyoti Bhattacharyya, A. Arora
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Transthoracic USG guided tru-cut biopsy of peripheral lung lesions is a less commonly performed but easily available test in resource constrained countries.

Aims and objectives : To assess the efficacy and safety of transthoracic ultrasound guided biopsy of peripheral lung lesions.

Methods : This is a retrospective study of all patients with peripheral lung lesions who underwent tru-cut lung biopsy under USG guidance between January 2008 and December 2012 in a tertiary care hospital. Post-procedure, the patients were observed for any complication, and a chest x-ray was performed after one hour to look for any pneumothorax.

Results : 62 patients (42 males and 20 females) underwent the procedure. Mean age of patients was 49.2 years (range: 24-76 years). Mean tumour sizes were 71.2 ±28.4 mm. Histopathologic examination of the biopsy specimen revealed the diagnosis in 57 (91.9%) cases: malignancy in 44 (77.2%) cases, benign tumour in 2 (3.5%), granuloma in 8 (14.0%), and organizing pneumonia in 3 (5.3%) cases. Amongst the malignancy cases, lung cancer was detected in 40 cases, and there were 4 other malignant cases. Adenocarcinoma was found to be the commonest lung cancer – 16 (40.0%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma – 14 (35.0%), small cell carcinoma – 7 (17.5%), and poorly differentiated carcinoma in 3 (7.5%) cases. Complications included: pneumothorax - 6 (two patients required tube thoracostomy), mild haemoptysis - 3, and subcutaneous emphysema in one patient.

Conclusions : Transthoracic USG guided tru-cut lung biopsy is an effective and safe procedure in diagnosing peripheral lung lesions abutting the chest wall.
Role of Nerve Growth Factor in Development and Persistence of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Véronique Freund-Michel, Marcelina Cardoso Dos Santos, Christophe Guignabert, David Montani, Carole Phan, Florence Coste, Ly Tu, Mathilde Dubois, Barbara Girerd, Arnaud Courtois, Marc Humbert, Jean-Pierre Savineau, Roger Marthan, Bernard Muller
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by a progressive elevation in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, often leading to right ventricular failure and death. Growth factors play significant roles in the pathogenesis of PH, and their targeting may therefore offer novel therapeutic strategies in this disease.To evaluate the nerve growth factor (NGF) as a potential new target in PH.Expression and/or activation of NGF and its receptors were evaluated in rat experimental PH induced by chronic hypoxia or monocrotaline and in human PH (idiopathic or associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Effects of exogenous NGF were evaluated ex vivo on pulmonary arterial inflammation and contraction, and in vitro on pulmonary vascular cell proliferation, migration, and cytokine secretion. Effects of NGF inhibition were evaluated in vivo with anti-NGF blocking antibodies administered both in rat chronic hypoxia- and monocrotaline-induced PH.Our results show increased expression of NGF and/or increased expression/activation of its receptors in experimental and human PH. Ex vivo/in vitro, we found out that NGF promotes pulmonary vascular cell proliferation and migration, pulmonary arterial hyperreactivity, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. In vivo, we demonstrated that anti-NGF blocking antibodies prevent and reverse PH in rats through significant reduction of pulmonary arterial inflammation, hyperreactivity, and remodeling.This study highlights the critical role of NGF in PH. Because of the recent development of anti-NGF blocking antibodies as a possible new pain treatment, such a therapeutic strategy of NGF inhibition may be of interest in PH.
Pyoderma gangrenosum and pregnancy: an example of abnormal inflammation and challenging treatment
Authors: R.B. Steele, W.H. Nugent, S.F. Braswell, S. Frisch, J. Ferrell, A.G. Ortega‐Loayza
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a neutrophil-predominant inflammatory disease that initially presents as a sterile pustule and may progress to ulcerations. Its root cause is unknown, but the presentation is commonly associated with systemic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis and haematological abnormalities. On the other hand, pregnant women show a progressive neutrophilia during gestation, which culminates in a major inflammatory event to help drive labour. Although uncommonly, PG has been associated with pregnancy, which provides an additional link to systemic inflammation as an underlying cause of PG. We reviewed documented presentations of PG in gravid and post-partum patients, and have speculated on the possible pathogenesis based on their clinical presentations. Also, we summarize the reported treatments and their outcomes in these patients.
Factors associated with lower physical activity in patients with COPD
Authors: Ali Kocabas, Ezgi Ozyilmaz, Yasemin Soydas, Gulsum Tezcagirir, Mujde Ocak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim: To evaluate the risk factors of lower physical activity(PA) in COPD.  Methods: 248-stable COPD patients who admitted to Department of Pulmonary Disease of Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine were prospectively recruited. After obtaining clinical and demographical data, comorbidity status, MMRC dyspnea score and BODE index were recorded and pulmonary function tests(PFT) and 6-minute walking tests were performed. Physical activity levels were assessed with “International Physical Activity short form-7 days” Turkish version. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the potential risk factors of lower PA.  Results:Lower PA was determined in 76.2% of the patients with COPD. When the patients with intermediate and higher PA compared those with lower PA, patients with lower PA were older, had lower educational status, had higher smoking intensity and had lower PFT parameters, including pre and post-bronchodilator FEV1(L), and (%), pre and post-bronchodilator FVC(L) and (%), FEV1/FVC, DLCO, RV/TLC. In addition, the prevalence of lower PA were significantly more common in patients with MMRC>=2, BODE>=2 and those who has at least three co-morbidities. After adjustment for age,gender, lower educational status (OR:2.12;%95CI 1.05-4.28)(p=0.028), lower post FEV1(L)(OR:2.04;%95CI 1.16-3.59)(p=0.013) and MMRC>=2(OR:4.94;%95CI 1.40-17.34)(p=0.013) were identified as independent risk factors for lower PA.  Conclusion:This study showed that education and advices for PA should be performed more frequently and robustly, moreover treatment and follow-up should be performed more carefully in COPD patients those at greatest risk for lower PA.
Multicenter Phase II Study of Bimonthly High-Dose Leucovorin, Fluorouracil Infusion, and Oxaliplatin for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Resistant to the Same Leucovorin and Fluorouracil Regimen
Authors: Thierry André, Mohamed A. Bensmaine, Christophe Louvet, Eric François, Virginie Lucas, Françoise Desseigne, Karine Beerblock, Olivier Bouché, Elisabeth Carola, Yacine Merrouche, François Morvan, Ghislaine Dupont-André, Aimery de Gramont
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the objective tumor response rates and toxicities of leucovorin (LV) plus fluorouracil (5-FU) cancer regimen combined with oxaliplatin (85 mg/m 2 ) every 2 weeks on metastatic colorectal cancer patients with documented proof of progression while on bimonthly LV and 5-FU alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred patients were enrolled onto this study and 97 received the study drugs between October 1995 and December 1996. Eighty-nine patients were eligible for per-protocol efficacy analysis with documented proof of progression on one of the following two treatments: LV 500 mg/m 2 and continuous 5-FU infusion 1.5 to 2 g/m 2 /22 hours, days 1 through 2 every 2 weeks (FOLFUHD); or LV 200 mg/m 2 , bolus 5-FU 400 mg/m 2 , and continuous 5-FU infusion 600 mg/m 2 /22 hours, days 1 through 2 every 2 weeks (LV5FU2). In our study, 40 patients received FOLFUHD + 85 mg/m 2 of oxaliplatin day 1 (FOLFOX3) and 57 patients received LV5FU2 + 85 mg/m 2 of oxaliplatin day 1 (FOLFOX4). RESULTS: Of the 97 patients treated, 20 partial responses were observed (FOLFOX3/4: response rate, 20.6%; 95% confidence interval, 13% to 31.1%; FOLFOX3: response rate,18.4%; FOLFOX4: response rate, 23.5%). For patients treated with FOLFOX3/4, the median response duration for was 7.5 months, and the major toxicities were peripheral neuropathy and neutropenia. The incidence of grade 3 (National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria) peripheral neuropathy was 20.6%; whereas the overall incidence of grade 3 to 4 neutropenia was 27.8%, 15%, and 36.9% for FOLFOX3/4, FOLFOX3, and FOLFOX4, respectively (P = .02). From the start of treatment, median progression-free survival was 4.7, 4.6, and 5.1 months for FOLFOX3/4, FOLFOX3, FOLFOX4, respectively, and median overall survival was 10.8, 10.6, and 11.1 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: This phase II study of oxaliplatin at 85 mg/m 2 in combination with bimonthly LV plus 5-FU in patients with colorectal cancer resistant to LV plus 5-FU alone confirms the enhanced antitumor activity of oxaliplatin in combination with 5-FU.
Stimulation of Tumor Growth in Mice by High Doses of BCG
Authors: V. I. Kaledin, Y. N. Kurunov, N. A. Matienko, V. P. Nikolin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The growth of Krebs-2 carcinoma In BCG-prevaccinated virgin female C57BL/6, CC57BR/M, and C3Hf mice was studied in relation to the number of living mycobacteria in the organism. When the number of mycobacteria was high, tumor growth was stimulated. After the bacteria were eliminated, tumor growth was inhibited. The effect of BCG was based, on the one hand, on the diversion of effector cells, presumably macrophages, responsible for tumor defense and, on the other hand, on the activation of the pool of these cells. The conclusions were reached that high doses of BCG may be dangerous in human cancer immunotherapy and that patients predisposed to neoplastic disease should be revaccinated with BCG.
Length of hospitalization for CPAP adaption in OSAS: Effects on compliance
Authors: Elisabetta Zampogna, Cristina Facchetti, Anna Maria Lucioni, Eleonora Milani, Sabrina Della Patrona, Andrea Zanini, Antonio Spanevello
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction : The efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is known, but patient compliance is variable, relating to many factors. CPAP adherence requires a multi-layered approach, using combined technological, behavioral, and adverse-effect interventions.

Aims and objectives : To assess the clinical efficacy of two different management models for CPAP adaptation on adherence to treatment, occurrence of discomfort and skillful management of the problems.

Methods : We retrospectively evaluated 134 consecutive patients with moderate-severe OSAS, average age 57± 10, admitted in a rehabilitation institute for CPAP adaptation, between 2003 and 2009. According to the different provisions of the local health organization before and after 2006, we divided patients in two groups on the basis of the mean length of hospitalization (20 days in Group 1, 7 days in Group 2). CPAP use, numbers of dropout, numbers of patients with discomfort, and numbers of unscheduled visits were assessed at 1 year.

Results : Comparisons are summarized in the table. Data are presented as mean±SD.

View this table:



Conclusions : We observed the same adherence to CPAP in terms of mean daily use in the two groups, at one year. However, to obtain the same adherence, the patients adapted in few days had more frequently discomfort, that required a great number of unscheduled visits.
Lymphocyte macrophage interactions: peripolesis of human alveolar macrophages
Authors: DJ Lyons, A Gautam, J Clark, MG Harries, EB Mitchell, JS Milledge, BM Balfour
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Peripolesis is a phenomenon in which a lymphocyte attaches itself to another cell, usually a macrophage or veiled cell, and proceeds to circle around it. In emperipolesis, a related phenomenon, the lymphocyte invaginates the target cell so deeply that it appears to be intracytoplasmic. Lung cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from 20 patients were observed in the living state and filmed. Peripolesis of the alveolar macrophages was recorded in six cases. These patients included one case each of carcinoma of the bronchus, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and asthma, while two patients had no detectable lung disease. Five out of the six positive cases were females. In every instance there was a high number of lymphocytes in the washing. The peripolesed macrophages were not injured, but temporary alteration of the cell membrane was noted in a minority of film sequences. The peripolesing cells were also examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The lymphocyte was found to be closely attached to the surface of the macrophage, with no invagination and its ultrastructure was that of a small lymphocyte. Peripolesis is probably a physiological mechanism concerned with regulation of the immune response in the lung.