tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1778: Electrocardiographic and Genetic Screening for Long QT Syndrome: Results from a Prospective Study on 44,596 Neonates
Authors: Marco Stramba-Badiale, Lia Crotti, Karine Goulene, Matteo Pedrazzini, Savina Mannarino, Patrizia Salice, Giuliano Bosi, Luigi Nespoli, Alessandro Rimini, Fulvio Gabbarini, Enrico Rosati, Peter J Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background. The long QT syndrome (LQTS), a leading cause of sudden death under 20 years of age, is due to mutations in genes which encode ion channels involved in the control of ventricular repolarization. In a prospective study on 34,000 neonates we found that a prolonged QT interval was associated with a 41 times greater risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and, recently, in a case-control study on 201 cases of SIDS we found disease-causing LQTS mutations in 9.5% of the victims. Based on these results the Italian Ministry of Health is considering the possibility of introducing in the National Health Service an electrocardiographic (ECG) screening program in the first month of life to identify infants affected by LQTS. A realistic assessment of the prevalence of infants with LQTS becomes necessary. Methods. An ECG was recorded in the first month of life in 44,596 neonates. The QT interval was measured and corrected for heart rate according to the Bazett’s formula (QTc). In the neonates with a markedly prolonged QT (QTc ≥ 470 msec) molecular screening of the LQTS genes was performed. Results. A QTc between 440 and 470 msec was observed in 611 neonates (1.4%). A QTc ≥ 470 ms was found in 31 neonates (0.07%). Genetic analysis was performed in 28/31 (90%) neonates and LQTS mutations were identified in 14 of them (50%): 8 were LQT1, 4 LQT2 and 2 LQT3. Besides one de novo mutation, all other cases were familial and genetic analysis identified additional family members (37/72, 51%) affected by LQTS who had not been previously diagnosed. Within these 28 infants QTc was longer in the positively genotyped neonates (493±22 vs 479±6 ms, p=0.037) and a LQTS mutation was identified in all the neonates (n=5) with a QTc &gt; 496 ms. Conclusions. An ECG performed in the first month of life, with genetic analysis in selected cases, allows early diagnosis of infants with sporadic and familial forms of LQTS, thus leading to institution of effective therapies aimed at preventing sudden death either in infancy or later on in life, not only in the neonates but also in their affected family members. This study also provides a first data-based estimate of LQTS prevalence, likely to be between 1/3,000 and 1/2,500 live births.
Medical Care for the People of Massachusetts: The Contribution of Blue Shield
Authors: Charles G. Hayden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THERE are now fifty-seven medical-care plans sponsored by medical societies and operating in thirty-three states. They cover approximately 4,500,000 persons. Fifty-five of these plans are nonprofit; the other two utilize the services of commercial insurance carriers. In the fifteen states that do not have plans in operation, nonprofit plans are being organized in seven, commercial plans are being organized in three, and preliminary discussions are under way in four. This leaves but one state in which nothing tangible is being accomplished.Much of the credit for this remarkable picture must go to the Council on Medical Service of the American . . .
Canine myocardial reperfusion injury. Its reduction by the combined administration of superoxide dismutase and catalase.
Authors: S R Jolly, W J Kane, M B Bailie, G D Abrams, B R Lucchesi
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Therapy directed against the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species may reduce the final extent of ischemic injury in otherwise viable tissue irreversibly injured by the abrupt reoxygenation of reperfusion. In four groups of dogs, superoxide dismutase plus catalase (groups I-III) or saline (controls) (group IV) was infused into the left atrium. Group I received the infusion for 2 hours, beginning 15 minutes before occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery (90 minutes) and ending 15 minutes after reperfusion. Group II received the infusion for 1 hour starting 15 minutes before reperfusion. Group III received the infusion for 1 hour beginning 40 minutes after reperfusion. Dogs were killed the next day, and infarct size was determined by dissection and weighing, and confirmed histologically. Infarct size expressed as percent of the anatomic area at risk was: group I, 19.4 +/- 5.0; group II, 21.8 +/- 3.3; group III, 47.6 +/- 10.3; group IV, 43.6 +/- 3.5 (mean +/- SEM). Analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test showed that ultimate infarct size as assessed in groups I and II differed significantly (P less than 0.05) from that observed in the control animals in group IV, whereas infarct size between groups III and IV did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05). The percent of left ventricle at risk did not differ between the four groups. The beneficial effects of superoxide dismutase plus catalase could not be explained by hemodynamic differences. Similar protection of jeopardized myocardium in groups I and II suggest that potentially viable tissue is salvaged by scavenging free radicals during early reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comment on Lecoultre et al. Ten Nights of Moderate Hypoxia Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Humans. Diabetes Care 2013;36:e197–e198
Authors: Gijs H. Goossens
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

It has previously been demonstrated that exposure to hypoxic environments may improve whole-body and skeletal muscle glucose uptake (1). To further unravel potential mechanisms underlying enhanced glucose metabolism in response to hypoxia, Lecoultre et al. (2) investigated the effects of exposure to moderate hypoxia (∼15% O2) for 10 consecutive nights (∼10 h/night) on insulin sensitivity in obese men without evidence of sleep apnea or chronic disease. Before and after the intervention period, subjects underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to assess whole-body insulin sensitivity. In addition, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies were collected for further analyses.

This interesting study demonstrated that 10 nights of moderate hypoxia substantially increased the glucose disposal rate (GDR) during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in …
Rehabilitation of the Alcoholic
Authors: Marvin A. Block
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ALL OF THE RULES which apply to the rehabilitation of a psychiatric patient<sup>1</sup>apply with equal importance to the patient suffering from alcoholism. All of the social and economic complications associated with other chronic illnesses must be met with equal if not greater forcefulness where alcoholism is involved. The recovered psychiatric patient is regarded by society with a generally somewhat fearful and distrusting attitude, but the alcoholic is regarded with open hostility and condemnation—as the victim of a condition he has brought upon himself, and therefore as not particularly deserving of sympathy. This attitude is conveyed with such unmistakable clarity that individual patients become acutely aware of the hostility directed toward them and expect rejection as a matter of course. Their resentment of this attitude often interferes with their acceptance of proffered opportunities for rehabilitation. Opportunity for relapse in chronic alcoholism occurs often and temptingly. Through drinking, the alcoholic
Ankle/Arm Blood Pressure Index
Authors: William B. Applegate
Journal: JAMA (1993)

A basic problem facing the clinician who practices primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) through risk factor modification is that, unless the baseline risk is high, relatively large numbers of patients must undergo risk factor modification to prevent CHD events in a relative few.<sup>1</sup>This is particularly a problem for women 45 to 70 years of age. Since the prevalence of CHD is lower in these women, risk factors are moderately less predictive of future CHD events than they are for men.<sup>2</sup>For these reasons special emphasis is usually placed on risk stratification (presence of multiple CHD risk factors or evidence of end-organ damage or previous vascular morbid events) to indicate which patients should undergo more aggressive risk factor alteration. Now it appears that a relatively simple office procedure involving measurement of the ankle/arm systolic blood pressure index (AAI), which is known to correlate with the presence
Effect of inhaled corticosteroid therapy on bone markers and bone density
Authors: M.-F. BEAUCHESNE;, J A HUGHES
Journal: Thorax (1999)

Neurofibromatosis has been known to involve blood vessels throughout the body.Pulmonary involvement with interstitial fibrosing alveolitis has been described but no case of pulmonary vascular involvement has been reported to date.A 51 year old patient with cutaneous neurofibromatosis is described who presented with severe pulmonary hypertension and radiographic, scintigraphic, and angiographic evidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.Severe intimal fibrosis consistent with vascular involvement with neurofibromatosis was found on endarterectomy with no evidence of pulmonary thromboembolism.Neurofibromatosis of pulmonary arteries should be considered as a possible cause of pulmonary hypertension.
P239 Effect Of Inhaled Corticosteroid (ics) Particle Size On Asthma Efficacy And Safety Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: E. Suarez, S. Fang, J. Abraham, R. DiSantostefano, D. Stempel, L. Frith, N. Barnes
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> ICS of differing particle size, due both to the formulation and propellant, may impact patient outcomes. This systematic review of randomised controlled trials compared asthma efficacy and safety outcomes from the use of fluticasone propionate (FP)-containing medications and alternative smaller particle ICS. <h3>Methods</h3> English language published peer-reviewed literature (Jan 1, 1998-Feb 13, 2014) with FP-containing medications, yielded 1,655 potentially-relevant articles: 1,575 were excluded, 80 full-text articles were reviewed, and 25 were extracted for data with treatment comparisons (FP- vs. small particle ICS-containing medicines). Efficacy measures included lung function, asthma exacerbations, and rescue medication use. Safety endpoints included adverse events, growth and bone measures, and cortisol. Benefit-risk interval plots of risk differences with 95% confidence intervals were produced for FP vs. comparators. <h3>Results</h3> Ten controlled trials compared the efficacy of FP with beclomethasone diproprionate (BDP-HFA). Six studies found no appreciable differences in efficacy while four trials identified improvement in lung function with FP vs. BDP-HFA. In ten randomised trials comparing the efficacy of ciclesonide (CIC) with FP, CIC was found to be non-inferior or not statistically different from FP on numerous efficacy endpoints in the majority of the studies. Most safety assessments across nine trials did not differ between treatments. Results were similar for fixed dose combination therapies that contained FP and BDP-HFA (n = 3 trials). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This systematic review suggests no differences in efficacy or safety between FP-containing medications and small particle size ICS medications for the treatment of asthma. (GSK-funded, LS2270)
CASE OF CEREBRAL HERNIA.
Authors: E. F. TALBOTT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The infrequency of cerebral hernia justifies me in giving the following report:  History.  —Boy, aged 16, was brought to my office Dec. 28, 1906, suffering from gunshot wound of the head. He was semi-conscious, had vomited freely and was in a condition of shock.  Examination.  —Two small holes were found in the scalp a little to the left of the crown of the head and about one and a half inches apart. Between the openings was a well-defined depression. The arm and leg of the right side were paralyzed as were also the bladder and rectum.  Treatment.  —The head was shaved and a temporary dressing put on to allow him to recover from the shock. The following morning the boy was anesthetized, the scalp opened and a small opening in the skull about ½ inch in diameter was found. A portion of the inner table, which was depressed, was removed,
Local Administration of an Adeno-associated Viral Vector Expressing IL-10 Reduces Monocyte Infiltration and Subsequent Photoreceptor Damage during Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis
Authors: Cathryn A. Broderick, Alexander J. Smith, Kam S. Balaggan, Anastasios Georgarias, Prateek K. Buch, Peter C. Trittibach, Susie E. Barker, Gian-Marco Sarra, Adrian J. Thrasher, Andrew D. Dick, Robin R. Ali
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Autoimmune posterior uveitis is a chronic, potentially blinding inflammatory disease of the eye. It is commonly treated with immunosuppressive drugs that have adverse long-term effects. Advances in gene transfer techniques have enabled long-term, stable transduction of retinal cells following subretinal injection with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. Here we report for the first time that subretinal injection of rAAV-2 encoding murine IL-10 into the retina of C57BL/6 mice significantly decreases the median experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) disease severity. This protection is shown to be due to a decrease in the number and activation status of infiltrating monocytes during EAU, as determined by costimulatory molecule expression and nitrotyrosine detection. No differences within splenocyte proliferative responses or serum antibody levels were detected, emphasizing the potential of gene therapy strategies in ameliorating autoimmune responses in local microenvironments without unwanted systemic effects.
Cartilage matrix glycoprotein is present in serum in experimental canine osteoarthritis.
Authors: R S Fife, K D Brandt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We have described previously a disulfide-bonded 550,000-D cartilage matrix glycoprotein (CMGP), which is found in normal hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and the vitreous of the eye, and consists of subunits with apparent molecular weights of 130,000 in 4% gels (116,000 in 9% gels). In osteoarthritic cartilage from dogs subjected to transection of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), CMGP is cleaved to major immunoreactive fragments with apparent molecular weights of 65,000 and 75,000 after reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol. In the present study, using immunolocation analysis, a monoclonal antibody to CMGP did not react with serum from 8 of 12 dogs before ACL transection but did react with serum from seven of these animals 4 wk after surgery and with serum from 10 dogs at sacrifice, 8-14 wk after ACL transection. Serum from four dogs reacted with the monoclonal antibody before ACL transection. Serum from two dogs was negative at all time points. Immunolocation studies using a polyclonal antiserum to CMGP were performed in seven of these dogs and produced results identical with the monoclonal antibody in four dogs. In contrast, analysis of serial serum samples from three dogs with cartilage atrophy revealed no evidence of CMGP at any time point. These data suggest that CMGP may be a serum marker for osteoarthritis in this canine model.
Accumulation of Ga-67 Citrate in an Inguinal Hernia Simulating Scrotal Pathology
Authors: CLEMENT J. GRASSI, ROBERT G. L. LEE, ROGER T. PEZZUTI, THOMAS C. HILL, MELVIN E. CLOUSE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

GRASSI, CLEMENT J. M.D.; LEE, ROBERT G. L. M.D.; PEZZUTI, ROGER T. M.D.; HILL, THOMAS C. M.D.; CLOUSE, MELVIN E. M.D. Author Information
What Are Appropriate Controls for Cardiac Interleukin-6 Expression in Heart Failure?
Authors: Gabriele A.M. Plenz, Heike Eschert, Mario C. Deng
Journal: Circulation (2003)

To the Editor:We read with interest the report by Podewski et al 1 on the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and related cytokines, their receptors, and molecules of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaltransduction cascade in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.We agree that in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, the protein expression of IL-6 -related molecules and their signal-transduction cascade have not been evaluated before in such detail.However, we have some concerns.IL-6 and its receptor subunits have been extensively investigated before in failing hearts. 2,3 In one of our studies on the cardiac IL-6/IL-6 receptor system, we particularly emphasized the significance of the type of controls used. 4,5Nonfailing donor hearts showed expression levels of IL-6 receptor and glycoprotein (gp) 130 similar to those observed in failing hearts.Because these hearts were nonfailing donor hearts, just as those used by Podewski et al, 1 the lack of B-type natriuretic peptide upregulation apparently does not rule out upregulation of the cardiac IL-6 system, presumably related to brain death.In contrast, we could not detect IL-6, IL-6 receptor, and gp130 mRNAs in endocardial biopsies of patients with normal ventricular function. 4 Consequently, to test the hypothesis of stimulation of the IL-6/IL-6 receptor system in failing hearts, instead of comparing these with nonfailing donor hearts, biopsies of patients with normal ventricular function seem preferable.In light of these study design issues, the data of Podewski et al 1 should be interpreted with caution.
Bleeding risk factors in chronic oral anticoagulation with acenocoumarol
Authors: Patricia Casais, Anal�a S�nchez Luceros, Susana Meschengieser, Carlos Fondevila, Mar�a T. Santarelli, Mar�a A. Lazzari
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

We studied major bleeding complications, death related to hemorrhage, and tried to identify predisposing factors for bleeding in outpatients treated with acenocoumarol. We evaluated 811 outpatients attending a specialized anticoagulant therapy unit. The intended INR range was 3.5-4.5 for mechanical heart valve replacement (N= 384) and 2.0-3.0 for other indications (N= 427). The variability of INR for the total follow-up and the 2 months before the hemorrhage was calculated. The total follow-up was 1,963.26 years with 27,321 control tests. We observed 47 major bleeding episodes, including 2 fatal (central nervous system hemorrhages), in 37 patients. 49.5% of the patients had underlying diseases. The rate of major and fatal hemorrhage was 2.39 and 0.10 episodes per 100 patients year, respectively. Hemorrhagic complications were more frequently observed in patients with a more intense intended range (8.2% in the INR 3.5-4.5 group vs. 1.5% in the 2.0-3.0 INR group). The risk of major bleeding increased in patients with an achieved INR higher than 6 and in those with higher INR variability during follow-up. The estimated probability of bleeding also increased with time: it was 0.102% at 78 months, and at the beginning of therapy it was 0.006% and 0.007% at 1 and 4 months, respectively. The intensity of anticoagulation and the deviation of the INR from the target are the most important risk factors for bleeding in patients taking acenocoumarol. Monitoring the variability of INR can help identifying patients predisposed to bleeding. However, the screening for underlying disease should always be performed.
Eosinophils contribute to the resolution of lung-allergic responses following repeated allergen challenge
Authors: Katsuyuki Takeda, Yoshiki Shiraishi, Shigeru Ashino, Junyan Han, Yi Jia, Meiqin Wang, Nancy A. Lee, James J. Lee, Erwin W. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Reaction after Administration of Macroaggregated Albumin for a Lung Scan
Authors: Howard J. Dworkin, Josef R. Smith, Frances E. Bull
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE simplicity, speed and apparent lack of toxicity have caused the rapid acceptance of the radionuclide perfusion lung scan as an indicator of relative pulmonary blood flow. Although the possibility of adverse reactions has been discussed, none have been reported.1 , 2 Case ReportA 35-year-old woman with a 2 1/2-year history of adenocarcinoma of the breast treated with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy had severe and rapidly progressive dyspnea shortly before death. This was considered to be due to pulmonary lymphangitic spread of the carcinoma, but the possibility of pulmonary embolization existed. Nasal administration of oxygen was temporarily discontinued, without distress, before . . .
1009. High Expression of Foxp3 mRNA in Rat Dendritic Cells (DCs) Generated from a Long-Term Culture of Bone Marrow Cells (BMC)
Authors: Naoko Fuji (Funes hima), Atsushi Tsuji, Li Xaio-Kang, Hiromitsu Kimura
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Foxp3 is recognized as to encode a transcription suppressor with a forkhead/winged helix motif at the carboxy terminus, a C2H2 zinc finger domain, and a 3-heptad Zip motif. Heretofore, numerous studies have been reported that Scurfin , the protein product of the FoxP3 gene, is a marker of regulatory T cells that negatively regulates T cell function. Thus it has been reported that Foxp3 is exclusively expressed by CD4+CD25+ T reg cells, and currently representing the most definitive marker for this population. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no study that specialized antigen presenting cells (APC), dendritic cells (DCs), generated from a long-term culture of bone marrow cells (BMC), express Foxp3. PCR cloning of cDNA obtained from rat DC mRNA, revealed 3 isoforms of rat Foxp3, i.e., major isoform 1, and two minor forms of 2 and 3. Real time RT-PCR analysis revealed a high level expression of Foxp3 isoform 1 in DC with much lower expression in peritoneal exudates macrophages (PEM), i.e., more than 100 times folds differences. Furthermore, western blotting analysis revealed that isoform 1 was indeed expressed by DCs as well as CD4+CD25+ T cells. In addition to this, the DCs were found to express various immunoregulatory cytokines and molecules, such as IL-10, TGF-β, and iNOS along with Foxp3. Inasmuch as Foxp3 appears to be a key element of cause and result of the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of scurfy mice and a human X-linked autoimmune and inflammation syndrome, our finding would give a new insight in the function of Foxp3 that plays a role of immune regulation. Taken together, our findings indicated that Foxp3 and its isoforms are not only a master gene for the developmental program of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells rather it may represent more broad function of gene regulation for a specialized antigen presenting cells such as DCs.