tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CELLULAR SOURCE AND CHARACTER OF A HEAT-STABLE BACTERICIDAL PROPERTY ASSOCIATED WITH RABBIT AND RAT PLATELETS
Authors: Richard Jago, Ralph F. Jacox
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Rabbit and rat platelets contain two non-dialyzable components (analogous to Myrvik's components 1 and 2 of serum) which, together with bicarbonate ions, produce a potent bactericidin for B. subtilis. These platelet factors appear to be identical with the serum bactericidal substances, suggesting that disruption of platelets during blood coagulation releases the platelet factors into serum. Normal human platelets contain no measurable component 1 or 2. Since bovine serum contains component 2 but little or no component 1, estimation of the concentration of component 1 in sera or platelet suspensions of other species can be made by diluting the materials to be tested in bovine serum. The level at which a bactericidal effect is lost represents the end-point of the titration of component 1. Rabbit serum has a high concentration of component 1 and a lower concentration of component 2. It can be diluted to a point at which bactericidal activity is lost, owing to a depletion of component 2, but at which component 1 is still present in effective concentration. At this point the addition of another serum or a platelet homogenate causes a restoration of the bactericidal activity and permits an estimate of the concentration of component 2 in the added material.
Problems of tuberculosis in decline.
Authors: R A Agnew, E G Wilkins, C Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1984)

older reports of coexistent tuberculosis and cancer in a breast would today be regarded as a non-infective accompaniment of the tumour, but unquestionably there are occasional instances of proved tuberculosis in a cancerous breast (although of no statistical relevance, this association was present in two of the six cases of proved tuberculous mastitis in the table).It is essential to avoid mistaking the noninfective granulomatous reaction in a cancerous breast for tuberculosis or any other infective condition and so delaying diagnosis of the associated tumour.
Preclinical and Clinical Evidence that Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-<scp>D</scp>-glucose Positron Emission Tomography with Computed Tomography Is a Reliable Tool for the Detection of Early Molecular Responses to Erlotinib in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Sébastien Vergez, Jean-Pierre Delord, Fabienne Thomas, Philippe Rochaix, Olivier Caselles, Thomas Filleron, Séverine Brillouet, Pierre Canal, Frédéric Courbon, Ben C. Allal
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

There is a clinical need to identify predictive markers of the responses to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). Deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography ((18)FDG-PET/CT) could be a tool of choice for monitoring the early effects of this class of agent on tumor activity.Using models of human head and neck carcinoma (CAL33 and CAL166 cell lines), we first tested in vitro and in vivo whether the in vivo changes in (18)FDG-PET/CT uptake were associated with the molecular and cellular effects of the EGFR-TKI erlotinib. Then, the pathologic and morphologic changes and the (18)FDG-PET/CT uptake before and after erlotinib exposure in patients were analyzed.Erlotinib strongly inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2) phosphorylation both in the preclinical models and in patients. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry showed that erlotinib did not modify Glut-1 expression at the protein level either in cell line models or in tumor tissue from mouse xenografts or in patients. Phospho-ERK-1/2 inhibition was associated with a reduction in (18)FDG uptake in animal and human tumors. The biological volume was more accurate than the standardized uptake value for the evaluation of the molecular responses.These results show that the (18)FDG-PET/CT response is a reliable surrogate marker of the effects of erlotinib in head and neck carcinoma.
Oral Treatment of Trichomonas Vaginitis with Aminitrozole
Authors: J. Barnes, A. Boutwood, E. Haines, W. Lewington, E. Lister, B. J. Haram
Journal: BMJ (1957)

ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONBDI=TJH mitral stenosis with cardiac failure attributable to bronchial infection, where any diarrhoea caused by these drugs would be detrimental to the underlying disease. Summary and ConclusionEighty patients with acute respiratory infection of mixed bacterial origin either per se or complicating other conditions were treated with chloramphenicol, 2 g. daily for five days.Clinical improvement resulted in 77, three being totally unaffected.Relapse occurred in three patients within one week.The infection was controlled in 73 patients for periods varying from one to eight months after treatment.Seventy-five patients were quite free from side-effects; dry mouth was observed in three, a mild skin rash in one, and slight transient diarrhoea in one.No blood dyscrasias of any kind were detected.The potential toxicity of chioramphenicol has been overstressed.If it is given in short courses of 10 g.over five days to patients with acute and severe respiratory infections a satisfactory and prompt response is obtained, with a very low failure and relapse rate, and with negligible toxicity.Chloramphenicol has there- fore a definite place in the treatment of such cases, but should not be employed in prolonged dosage or for trivial infections.It may well be that the avoidance of its extensive use in recent years has had the advantage of enabling us to deal effectively with organisms now frequently resistant to the other antibiotics more commonly employed.We are grateful to Professor D. M. Dunlop for helpful advice and criticism on the preparation of this paper, and for allowing us to study the patients under his care.We also thank Dr. J. H.Bowie and the staff of the bacteriology department of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, for carrying out the sputum cultures
Healthcare in Syria is close to collapse as drug shortages bite
Authors: T. Pitts-Tucker
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are heterogeneous diseases. While both have a strong genetic basis, it is strongest for PsA, where fewer investigators are studying its genetics. Over the last year the number of independent genetic loci associated with psoriasis has substantially increased, mostly due to completion of multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in psoriasis. At least 2 GWAS efforts are now under way in PsA to identify novel genes in this disease; a metaanalysis of genome-wide scans and further studies must follow to examine the genetics of disease expression, epistatic interaction, and gene-environment interaction. In the long term, it is anticipated that genome-wide sequencing is likely to generate another wave of novel genes in PsA. At the annual meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2009, members discussed issues and challenges regarding the advancement of the genetics of PsA; results of those discussions are summarized here.
Amantadine in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Robert S. Schwab
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Four hundred thirty patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with amantadine hydrochloride alone or in conjunction with other anti-Parkinsonism medications over a 2 1/2-year period. Of 351 patients who took 200 mg a day for 60 days, 64% showed a favorable response to the drug at 60 days and thereafter. Of those patients who received amantadine and levodopa, 79% responded favorably, as compared with 48% in the group who did not receive levodopa. In one half of the patients treated, a decline in the therapeutic efficacy of amantadine was observed between 30 and 60 days. Few side effects were noted even after long periods of administration, and laboratory studies disclosed no consistent significant abnormalities.
Objective in vivo analysis of anti-smoking cigarette filters.
Authors: N F Sheahan, D Pavia, J R Bateman, J E Agnew, S W Clarke
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Cigarette filters have been introduced to reduce inhaled smoke and also as a means of breaking the smoking habit. Twelve volunteers smoked cigarettes through four ventilated anti-smoking filters (MD-4, Miles Laboratories) and one reference cigarette without an anti-smoking filter in a single-blind, crossover manner. The amount of smoke inhaled was monitored by a radiotracer technique using the isotope 81mkrypton. Compared to the reference cigarette the amount of isotope reaching the lung was reduced to 76%, 63%, 43%, and 37% for filters 1 to 4, respectively, which was less than the reduction to 70%, 40%, 30%, and 20% predicted by the manufacturers. In the case of filters 2, 3, and 4, the observed reductions in isotope inhalation were significant (p less than or equal to 0.01) but were also significantly less (p less than or equal to 0.01) than the manufacturers9 predictions.
Choice of mating tactics and constrained optimality
Authors: William M. Baum
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Gangestad &amp; Simpson's arguments may be rendered more substantial and precise by capitalizing on research and theory on choice between reinforced response alternatives. An analysis in terms of feedback functions shows that the effects of individual differences in attractiveness may be understood as constraints on optimality and may be reconciled with the previous research and theory that the authors criticize.
Magnetic determination of the relationship between the S-T segment shift and the injury current produced by coronary artery occlusion.
Authors: D Cohen, L A Kaufman
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Both the S-T segment shift and the injury current were measured using the direct-current magnetocardiogram (d-c MCG) in seven dogs undergoing coronary artery occlusion. The purpose of the measurements was to clarify the origin of the S-T shift in acute ischemia and infarction. Previous measurements, consisting of d-c electrograms recorded from the exposed epicardial surface in situ, are partially inconsistent; also, they are not necessarily representative of the surface electrocardiogram (ECG), which sums broadly over the myocardium. The d-c MCG allows steady myocardial currents in the intact torso to the measured externally; because the d-c MCG sums broadly over these currents, conclusions drawn from it are applicable to the ECG. Coronary artery occlusion was produced by inflating a tube which, about 1 week earlier, had been surgically installed around the artery and exteriorized. During occlusions carried out in the MIT magnetically shielded room, a sensitive magnetometer recorded the d-c MCG at various locations around the torso. Within 20 seconds after occlusion, equal and opposite S-T segment and base-line (d-c) shifts appeared on the d-c MCG; these shifts were maintained for at least 15 minutes, after which they slowly decreased. Therefore, during the acute ischemia produced by these occlusions, the S-T shift is a secondary result of a primary injury current that is interrupted during the S-T interval.
The Presence of Anti–Hcv Antibodies in the Serum of Patients With Chronic Active Hepatitis and Antinuclear Antibodies
Authors: Mercedes Roget, Maria Buti, Juan Ignacio Esteban, Rafael Esteban, Jaime Guardia, Albert J. Czaja, Eileen J. Hay, Jorge Rakela
Journal: Hepatology (1990)
The Human Rights Act 1998--why should it matter for medical practice?
Authors: Ash Samanta, Jo Samanta
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

A momentous event in British legal history was the introduction of the Human Rights Act 1998. 1 Doctors need to understand its scope and consider its implications for medical practice. 2The Act has already made a substantial impact on medical law and will have a continuing effect on healthcare practice.It incorporates most, although not all, of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.The Articles of the Convention that have had major impact on healthcare are Articles 2 (the right to life), 3 (the prohibition on torture and inhuman or degrading treatment), 5 (the right to liberty and security), and 8 (the right to respect for private and family life).None of these rights is absolute but Article 3 represents an absolute prohibition and cannot be interfered with by the State under any circumstances.Articles 2 and 5 are subject to limited exceptions.Article 8 is a qualified obligation that requires a balance to be struck between the interests of the individual and the wider interests of society. 3Any limitation or constraint imposed by a public body must be justified as being 'proportionate to the legitimate aim pursued '. 4 This paper examines the background and scope of the Act, the interaction of the Articles of the Convention, and the impact on medical practice through engagement in lifeand-death issues, mental health, confidentiality and access to treatment.
Avascular necrosis of bone after high doses of dexamethasone during neurosurgery.
Authors: J McCluskey, D H Gutteridge
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Short courses of high-dose dexamethasone used in neurological conditions may cause avascular necrosis of bone intracranial aneurysms, and head injuries.Repeat courses of the drug are occasionally given, and consequently patients may receive massive doses of glucocorticoids with little regard for delayed consequences.Avascular necrosis of bone may be caused by giving high doses of steroids for a long time for other conditions-such as renal transplantation and multisystem autoimmune disorders-but few reports have related avascular necrosis to the use of dexamethasone for neurological disorders.We report on three on 14 July
Unexpected Detection of Brain Metastases by 18F-NaF PET/CT in a Patient With Lung Cancer
Authors: Jiang Wu, Hong Zhu, Hengshan Ji
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

In recent years, the inconsistent supply of (99m)Tc and the increasingly widespread use of PET/CT have led to a renewed interest in PET/CT bone scans using (18)F-NaF. Recently, a 64-year-old man with biopsy-proven lung cancer underwent an (18)F-NaF PET/CT bone scan due to a shortage of (99m)Tc. Unexpectedly, multiple nodular foci of increased tracer uptake were present in the brain, whereas there were no definitive bone metastases detected. Subsequently, brain MRI confirmed the presence of brain metastases.
Potential Involvement Of Lipoxygenase Pathway Polymorphisms In Hypersensitivity To NSAIDs
Authors: L.R. Jagemann, J.A. Cornejo-Garcia, N. Blanca-Lopez, I. Doña, J. Fernandez, J.J. Laguna, A. Rosado, R.M. Rodriguez-Gueant, J.L. Gueant, G. Canto, M. Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Long-Term Effect of Hospital Pay for Performance on Mortality in England
Authors: Søren Rud Kristensen, Rachel Meacock, Alex J. Turner, Ruth Boaden, Ruth McDonald, Martin Roland, Matthew Sutton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A pay-for-performance program based on the Hospital Quality Incentive Demonstration was introduced in all hospitals in the northwest region of England in 2008 and was associated with a short-term (18-month) reduction in mortality. We analyzed the long-term effects of this program, called Advancing Quality.
Could grammatical encoding and grammatical decoding be subserved by the same processing module?
Authors: Gerard Kempen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Grodzinsky interprets linguistic differences between agrammatic comprehension and production symptoms as supporting the hypothesis that the mechanisms underlying grammatical encoding (sentence formulation) and grammatical decoding (syntactic parsing) are at least partially distinct. This inference is shown to be premature. A range of experimentally established similarities between the encoding and decoding processes is highlighted, testifying to the viability of the hypothesis that receptive and productive syntactic tasks are performed by the same syntactic processor.
798 HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET CONTAINING TRANS-FATTY ACID INDUCES SEVERE STEATOHEPATITIS VIA THE ENHANCEMENT OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN KK-AY MICE
Authors: H. Saito, K. Kon, S. Ishikawa, S. Hosoya, K. Arai, M. Takashima, S. Yamashina, K. Ikejima, S. Watanabe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
A disposable tip for the Birtcher Hyfrecator
Authors: R. J. Motley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article A disposable tip for the Birtcher Hyfrecator Get access R. J. Motley R. J. Motley Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 4, 1 April 1988, Pages 581–582, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb02471.x Published: 01 April 1988
Pancreatic Cancer–Specific Cell Death Induced <i>In Vivo</i> by Cytoplasmic-Delivered Polyinosine–Polycytidylic Acid
Authors: Praveen Bhoopathi, Bridget A. Quinn, Qin Gui, Xue-Ning Shen, Steven R. Grossman, Swadesh K. Das, Devanand Sarkar, Paul B. Fisher, Luni Emdad
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Polyinosine-polycytidylic acid [pIC] is a synthetic dsRNA that acts as an immune agonist of TLR3 and RLR to activate dendritic and natural killer cells that can kill tumor cells. pIC can also trigger apoptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PDAC) but its mechanism of action is obscure. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic activity of a formulation of pIC with polyethylenimine ([pIC](PEI)) in PDAC and investigated its mechanism of action. [pIC](PEI) stimulated apoptosis in PDAC cells without affecting normal pancreatic epithelial cells. Mechanistically, [pIC](PEI) repressed XIAP and survivin expression and activated an immune response by inducing MDA-5, RIG-I, and NOXA. Phosphorylation of AKT was inhibited by [pIC](PEI) in PDAC, and this event was critical for stimulating apoptosis through XIAP and survivin degradation. In vivo administration of [pIC](PEI) inhibited tumor growth via AKT-mediated XIAP degradation in both subcutaneous and quasi-orthotopic models of PDAC. Taken together, these results offer a preclinical proof-of-concept for the evaluation of [pIC](PEI) as an immunochemotherapy to treat pancreatic cancer.
Persistence of Gastrocutaneous Fistula after Removal of Gastrostomy Tubes in Children: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: N. El-Rifai, L. Michaud, K. Mention, D. Guimber, D. Caldari, D. Turck, F. Gottrand
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of gastrocutaneous fistula after removal of gastrostomy tubes in children and to identify associated risk factors.The records of children who had undergone removal of gastrostomy tubes between January 1992 and December 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. Persistent gastrocutaneous fistula was defined as the absence of closure of the gastrostomy 1 month after tube removal. Factors that might influence spontaneous closure of the gastrostomy were studied, including age, underlying disease, nutritional status, type of gastrostomy, replacement of the gastrostomy tube by a button, abdominal wall thickness, duration of gastrostomy tube or button placement, and complications related to the presence of the gastrostomy (infection, granulation tissue).A total of 44 patients were included in the study (mean age 20 months, range 1 day to 14 years). Of these, 28 had undergone percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and 16 surgical gastrostomy. The mean time to spontaneous closure was 6 +/- 7 days. Persistent gastrocutaneous fistula developed in 11 patients (25 %) and in seven of these patients this required surgical closure (16 %). The mean duration of gastrostomy placement was significantly longer in patients who went on to develop a gastrocutaneous fistula than in patients who did not develop a fistula (39 +/- 19 months vs. 22 +/- 23 months, respectively, P < 0.03). No other significant association was found between the time required for spontaneous closure and the characteristics of patients or the type of gastrostomy.Persistent gastrocutaneous fistula is common after removal of gastrostomy tubes in children. Surgical closure should be considered when a gastrostomy has not closed spontaneously 1 month after removal of the gastrostomy tube.
Comparative antioxidant activities of propranolol, nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem against sarcolemmal membrane lipid peroxidation.
Authors: I T Mak, W B Weglicki
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The antiperoxidative activities of nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem were compared with that of propranolol by using an in vitro model of sarcolemmal membrane lipid peroxidation. Highly purified sarcolemmal membranes, isolated from canine ventricular myocytes, were peroxidized by a superoxide anion-producing and iron-catalyzed free radical-generating system (dihydroxy-fumarate plus FeCl3 and ADP). Lipid peroxidation after 20 minutes of incubation was monitored by malondialdehyde formation. Similar to propranolol, all three calcium blockers exhibited concentration-dependent (10-400 microM) inhibitory effects against sarcolemmal lipid peroxidation. The order of potency of these agents was nifedipine greater than propranolol greater than verapamil greater than diltiazem. Nifedipine, the most effective calcium blocker, was greater than twofold more potent than propranolol and achieved a significant effect at 10 microM. This study suggests that calcium blockers may provide antiperoxidative protection to cardiac membranes.
Cholecystokinin infusion: assessing a rather provocative test
Authors: D AL-MUSAWI, R C N WILLIAMSON
Journal: Gut (1998)

See article on page 571 

All gastroenterologists, whether physicians or surgeons, will recognise a group of patients who have typical gall bladder pain but in whom imaging of the biliary tree remains obstinately negative. Incalculable numbers of acalculous patients, many of them middle-aged women, end up having a cholecystectomy almost by default. The results are surprisingly successful, perhaps owing to the powerful placebo effect of a surgical operation. Thus “blind” cholecystectomy relieved the pain in up to 70% of such patients in two historical series as opposed to the 80–85% that could be anticipated in those with symptomatic gallstones.1 2 The source of pain in such patients may lie within the biliary tract even if it cannot be clearly recognised. Chronic acalculous cholecystitis is the commonest suggested cause, but its definition varies between reports and is often not stated. Hyperplastic cholecytoses such as cholesterosis and adenomyosis (diverticulosis) may cause symptoms that are improved by cholecystectomy even in the absence of concomitant stones.3 The so called “cystic duct syndrome” is thought to result from postinflammatory stenosis or congenital tortuosity of the cystic duct and might cause right hypochondrical pain by inhibiting normal gall bladder emptying. In those without any clear pathological diagnosis, there could be a painful dysmotility due to asynchronous contraction …
Allogeneic transplantation of normal epidermal cells and squamous cell carcinomas in SENCAR mice.
Authors: C J Conti, J W Fries, C M Aldaz, A J Klein-Szanto, T J Slaga
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

A method used in our laboratory for the transplantation of single cell suspensions of epidermis and skin carcinomas is described. Silicone chambers were placed into a subcutaneous granulation tissue formed by the implantation of a glass disk. The skin was closed on top of the chamber by using Michael autoclips. Cells were injected 24 to 48 hr later through the skin using a syringe and needle. The neoformation of epithelia with adnexa was observed when newborn epidermal cells were injected. When a fresh cell suspension of squamous cell carcinoma was used, a typical differentiated carcinoma was formed within 2 to 4 weeks. However, after 4 weeks, some of the grafts showed mild signs of rejection. The technique described is a useful system to transplant squamous cell carcinomas and can also be used as a rapid assay for malignancy.