tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ulceration From Gastric Freezing
Authors: Mohammad Atik
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Gastric ulcer following gastric "freezing" for the treatment of peptic ulcer is a significant and alarming complication of this therapeutic modality.<sup>1</sup>This study was designed to determine the causative factors of this complication and to explore measures for its prevention. <h3>Method</h3> In this study, 70 mongrel dogs, 10 to 20 kg (22 to 44 lb) in weight were used. Under intravenous nembutal anesthesia, a laparotomy was performed, and needle thermistors were implanted in the submucosal layer of the gastric fundus, anterior and posterior wall of the body of the stomach, and the anterior gastric antrum. The systemic temperature was checked by rectal thermometer. In some of the animals three additional thermistors were attached to the surface of the balloon in the stomach. Using a hypothermia unit, the animals were subjected to gastric freezing, as outlined by Wangensteen, for a period of 50 minutes.<sup>2,3</sup>Inflow (machine) temperature varied between
Activation of Suppressor T Cells during Epstein-Barr-Virus-Induced Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Grovanna Tosato, Ian Magrath, Irma Koski, Nancy Dooley, Michael Blaese
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an unusual human pathogen because it preferentially infects B lymphocytes and consequently activates them to produce immunoglobulins. When cultures of lymphocytes from patients with infectious mononucleosis were stimulated with polyclonal activators, unseparated cells failed to produce immunoglobulins, whereas purified B cells responded normally. Cocultures demonstrated profound suppressor T-cell activity in blood from patients with infectious mononucleosis. Early in this disease, circulating immunoglobulin-secreting cells were elevated, but during the second week their number was strikingly depressed. These data indicate that during infectious mononucleosis, EBV causes polyclonal activation of B cells, reflected by hypergammaglobulinemia and increased circulating immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Next, suppressor T cells become activated and inhibit further B-cell activation. Thus, activation of suppressor T cells in infectious mononucleosis provides a unique additional mechanism of host defense because these T cells inhibit the activation and proliferation of an important target of the causative virus. (N Engl J Med 301:1133–1137, 1979)
TCT-812 30-day Outcome of the 18 F-Direct Flow Medical Valve in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis - Results from the DISCOVER Trial
Authors: Joachim Schofer, Jean Fajadet, Antonio Colombo, Silvio Klugmann, Klaudija Bijuklic, Thilo Tuebler, Thierry Lefevre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Remarks on Mesmerism in 1845
Authors: J. B. Estlin
Journal: BMJ (1845)

In referring to mesmerism, I always feel an apology to be necessar for introducing the subject upon our medical meetings.When our anniversary was held in this city two years ago, I was allowed to read an address exclusively upon animal magnetism.Local circumstances induced me at that time to bring the subject before the Society, and I had every reason for believing that a, useful result ensued.The view then taken of mesmerisnp, and the recommendation to my brethren to refrain from giving their countenance to the performances of itinerant mesmerisers, who were at that ti-ne lecturing throughout the country, was llot allowed to escape the no very measured animadversions of cm of the periodicals regarded as the organ of the mesWeriats and the phrenologists,-the Zoist,-my fellow-sufferers under this infliction being Dr. Forbes and Dr. James Johnson, in whose company I had no cause to be ashamed of my position.In addition, however, to the rebuke given for the views contained in that address, it was stated that the author of it had subsequently changed his opinions.I hope then I may be allowed the present opportunity of making a few more remarks upon mesmerism, and of stating, that two years of increased attention to the subject, both by reading and observation, have only tended to confirm the sentiments I then took the liberty of expressing.
Can You Hear the Clapping of One Hand? Learning to Live With a Stroke
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This remarkable book was written by the professor emeritus of the Department of Health Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco, two decades after she awoke one morning at the age of 50 with a cerebrovascular lesion (1964) that paralyzed her left limbs, the upper permanently. A right carotid arteriogram revealed marked narrowing of the internal carotid artery over a short segment and probably occlusion of branches of the right middle cerebral artery. Dr Veith had had migrainous scintillating scotoma and headache as "forerunners" of the stroke. She still has episodes of scintillating scotoma (localization not mentioned) lasting the usual 25 to 30 minutes. So much for the neurology of the case. Hers is not primarily a neurological treatise, although, as befits a medical historian, there is an appreciative reference to Charcot's extraordinarily interesting chapter on "Scintillating Scotoma" from his<i>Clinical Lectures on Diseases of the Nervous System</i>(pp
A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for the Assessment of Infant Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Marc-André Verner, Pierre Ayotte, Gina Muckle, Michel Charbonneau, Sami Haddad
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

It has been suggested that pre- and postnatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can promote several adverse effects in children, such as altered neurodevelopment. Epidemiologic studies to date have relied on the analysis of biological samples drawn pre- or post-natally for exposure assessment, an approach that might not capture some key events in the toxicokinetics of POPs.
THE POETRY OF THE MICROCOSM
Authors: V. G. Plarr
Journal: BMJ (1920)

THE3 Unemployment Insurance Act, 1920, which came into force on November 8tlh, lhas tlhe effect of enlarging very considerably the number of persons who may claim unem- ployinent benefit.Althtough the medical profession is more niearly concerned witlh national lhealtlh insurance, doctors are in a position to assist very materially in the determina- tion of claims nlade by those who are out of work.
Procainamide-lnduced Psychosis
Authors: Ivan D. McCrum
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ALTHOUGH a number of standard textbooks and reference sources indicate that psychosis can occur during procainamide hydrochloride administration, we found few cases of documentation. To our knowledge, the following case report is the first detailed description of such a psychosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 45-year-old man was admitted to the medical intensive care unit after a routine ECG showed unifocal premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) of 16 to 22/min, with occasional periods of bigeminy. He gave no history of cardiac symptoms or illness. Hospital records verified intermittent psychotic behavior during a ten-year period, which was thought to reflect a manic-depressive illness. On admission, his medications consisted of lithium carbonate, 300 mg four times a day (serum lithium level, 0.55 mEq/liter); haloperidol, 2 mg twice daily; and trihexphenidyl hydrochloride, 5 mg daily. Evaluation by a cardiologist failed to show any obvious cause for the arrhythmia. Lithium therapy was discontinued without any
Oncolytic HSV and Erlotinib Inhibit Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis in a Novel Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Xenograft Model
Authors: Yonatan Y Mahller, Sachin S Vaikunth, Mark A Currier, Shyra J Miller, Maria C Ripberger, Ya-Hsuan Hsu, Ruty Mehrian-Shai, Margaret H Collins, Timothy M Crombleholme, Nancy Ratner, Timothy P Cripe
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), driven in part by hyperactive Ras and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, are often incurable. Testing of therapeutics for MPNST has been hampered by lack of adequate xenograft models. We previously documented that human MPNST cells are permissive for lytic infection by oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSV). Herein we developed and characterized a xenograft model of human MPNST and evaluated the antitumor effects of oHSV mutants (G207 and hrR3) and the EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib. Additive cytotoxicity of these agents was found in human MPNST cell lines, suggesting that EGFR signaling is not critical for virus replication. Mice bearing human MPNST tumors treated with G207 or hrR3 by intraperitoneal or intratumoral injection showed tumor-selective virus biodistribution, virus replication, and reduced tumor burden. oHSV injection demonstrated more dramatic antitumor activity than erlotinib. Combination therapies showed a trend toward an increased antiproliferative effect. Both oHSV and erlotinib were antiangiogenic as measured by proangiogenic gene expression, effect on endothelial cells and xenograft vessel density. Overall, oHSVs showed highly potent antitumor effects against MPNST xenografts, an effect not diminished by EGFR inhibition. Our data suggest that inclusion of MPNSTs in clinical trials of oHSV is warranted. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), driven in part by hyperactive Ras and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, are often incurable. Testing of therapeutics for MPNST has been hampered by lack of adequate xenograft models. We previously documented that human MPNST cells are permissive for lytic infection by oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSV). Herein we developed and characterized a xenograft model of human MPNST and evaluated the antitumor effects of oHSV mutants (G207 and hrR3) and the EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib. Additive cytotoxicity of these agents was found in human MPNST cell lines, suggesting that EGFR signaling is not critical for virus replication. Mice bearing human MPNST tumors treated with G207 or hrR3 by intraperitoneal or intratumoral injection showed tumor-selective virus biodistribution, virus replication, and reduced tumor burden. oHSV injection demonstrated more dramatic antitumor activity than erlotinib. Combination therapies showed a trend toward an increased antiproliferative effect. Both oHSV and erlotinib were antiangiogenic as measured by proangiogenic gene expression, effect on endothelial cells and xenograft vessel density. Overall, oHSVs showed highly potent antitumor effects against MPNST xenografts, an effect not diminished by EGFR inhibition. Our data suggest that inclusion of MPNSTs in clinical trials of oHSV is warranted.
"Blood Group Myths" Uncloaked
Authors: A. S. WIENER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 June 1974"Blood Group Myths" UncloakedA. S. WIENER, M.D., F.A.C.P.A. S. WIENER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-6-782_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. A. Sawitsky's review of A. G. Erskine's, "The Principles and Practice of Blood Grouping," appeared in the February issue. Since I stimulated Mrs. Erskine to write her book and assisted her in its preparation by editing her manuscript, I am pleased that the review is a favorable one in the main. To be sure, like all other books, this new one has imperfections, but it is a relief to find that the only ones detected by the reviewer and mentioned by him are quite trivial and of no consequence for the reader, as far as the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Forensic Medicine New York University School of Medicine New York, New York 10016 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1974Volume 80, Issue 6Page: 782-782KeywordsBloodBlood groups Issue Published: 1 June 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Formulation optimization of photocrosslinked polyacrylic acid modified with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydrogel as an adhesive for a dermatological patch
Authors: Yoshinori Onuki, Masaru Hoshi, Hideaki Okabe, Mikito Fujikawa, Mariko Morishita, Kozo Takayama
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
Identification of Coronary Thrombus With a IIb/IIIa Platelet Inhibitor Radiopharmaceutical, Technetium-99m DMP-444
Authors: Joseph Mitchel, David Waters, Tianjie Lai, Michael White, Tod Alberghini, Ahmad Salloum, David Knibbs, Dadong Li, Gary V. Heller
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —A diagnostic test that could distinguish between stable and unstable coronary atherosclerotic plaques would be useful. We tested the ability of a new glycoprotein IIb/IIIa platelet inhibitor DMP-444, labeled with technetium (Tc)-99 m, to identify platelet-rich thrombus by nuclear imaging in a canine model. Methods and Results —Combinations of a flow-limiting stenosis and 0 to 15 minutes of endothelial electrical stimulation at a site in the left anterior descending coronary artery were used to induce varying amounts of thrombus formation. In 10 animals with markedly positive nuclear images after the injection of Tc-99m DMP-444, the presence of platelet-rich thrombus was confirmed postmortem by gross appearance, high nuclear counts, and abundant platelets on electron microscopy. The 10 animals with negative images had lower counts, smaller thrombus weights ( P &lt;0.05 for each), and fewer platelets by electron microscopy. Conclusions —Activated platelets participating in acute thrombus formation can be accurately detected by nuclear imaging using Tc-99 m DMP-444.
Abstract 4532: Nucleolin inhibits Hdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitination using multiple interactions
Authors: Purvi Bhatt, Claire d'Avout, Naiomi S. Kane, James A. Borowiec, Anjana Saxena
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Nucleolin is a multifunctional abundant nucleolar protein whose transcriptional expression is trans-activated by the proto-oncogene c-myc during exponential cellular growth. This non-ribosomal protein has defined roles in ribosomal RNA processing and transcriptional regulation of various genes including rRNA. Following cellular stress, nucleolin has been shown to inhibit chromosomal replication and to relay nucleolar stress signals mediated by its sub-nuclear re-localization. Thus, nucleolin has been demonstrated to have both positive and negative effects on cell proliferation. We have previously demonstrated that nucleolin binds to the p53-antagonist Hdm2 and inhibits Hdm2-mediated degradation of p53 albeit independent of the ARF (Alternate Reading Frame) tumor suppressor protein. Nucleolin also reduces Hdm2 protein levels by an unknown mechanism when over-expressed in cells to levels found in a variety of cancer cells. Here we have delineated that multiple domains of both nucleolin and Hdm2 are involved in distinct nucleolin-Hdm2 interactions in unstressed cells. Our data indicates that the nucleolin N-terminus as well as the central RNA-binding domain (RBD) are predominantly involved in binding to Hdm2, as determined by Far-Western as well as GST-binding assays in vitro. While the N-terminus of nucleolin was found associated with the Hdm2 RING domain, the nucleolin RBDs robustly bound to the NLS/NES (nuclear localization and export signals) domain of Hdm2. The C-terminal GAR (Glycine-Arginine Rich) domain of nucleolin, shown previously to be essential for association with p53, did not bind Hdm2 yet was found to stimulate Hdm2-mediated p53-ubiquitination. Conversely, the nucleolin RBD that strongly interacted with Hdm2 was found to inhibit the Hdm2 E3 ligase activity against p53, leading to p53 stabilization. There was no significant effect of over-expression of nucleolin or its various domains on Hdm2-autoubiquitination in cells. Similarly, the phosphorylation status of nucleolin did not significantly influence its binding to Hdm2. As might be expected from a key rRNA processing factor, our findings suggest that the activity of nucleolin towards Hdm2 can be modulated to yield either p53 up- or down-regulation. Our studies can aid in the future design of small molecule-based cancer therapeutics that can stimulate the wild-type p53 checkpoint in variety of cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4532.
Poliomyelitis Studies in an Isolated Scottish Community
Authors: A. D. Macrae
Journal: BMJ (1957)

POLIOMYELITIS VACCINEBREInJoH with differing degrees of antigenic activity before a decision on this question is reached.Antigenicity tests in guinea- pigs (Gard et al., 1956) and cotton-rats (Tobin, 1956) are also being investigated in parallel with the field studies.Investigations are also to be made of the decline of anti- body levels in some of the children who took part in the present study to obtain information concerning when a third booster dose should be given. SummaryA study of the antibody response produced by the three batches of poliomyelitis vaccine used in Britain in the 1956 immunization programme was made in a group of 196 children who had no detectable poliomyelitis antibodies before their course of inoculations.The children received two doses of vaccine at an inter- val of three to four weeks, and antibody response to the three types of poliomyelitis virus was determined two weeks after the second dose.No untoward reactions were observed in any of the children as a result of the inoculations.All except two of the children produced antibodies to all three types, and the average response to each of the three batches of vaccine was similar.The antigenic activities of the three batches were also shown to be similar when tested in monkeys and of the same order as that of an American vaccine.The committee is grateful to the parents who consented to have their children vaccinated, and also thanks the Ministry of Health for the supply of poliomyelitis vaccine.
Inhibition of B Cell Receptor-Mediated B Cell Activation and IgE secretion by Coengagement of Surface IgE and FcγRIIb with Fc-Engineered Antibodies
Authors: D.E. Szymkowski, H.H. Horton, S.Y. Chu, J. Zalevsky, H. Herman, E. Pong, J.R. Desjarlais
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
A Very Peculiar Practice
Authors: S. Handysides
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A Very Peculiar Practice supplied a weekly series of televisual treats almost a quarter of a century ago, when I was training to be a general practitioner myself. Set in a practice on a university campus the series followed the progress of an idealistic young doctor (Stephen Daker).

Stephen joins the surgery of an alcoholic, psychoanalytical, cynical senior partner (Jock McCannon); a mechanistic, entrepreneurial squash player who would rather have been a surgeon (Bob Buzzard); and a smouldering bisexual (Rose Marie), who blames men for the ills of women.

The new doctor, already traumatised …
Therapy of Established Tumors in a Novel Murine Model Transgenic for Human Carcinoembryonic Antigen and HLA-A2 with a Combination of Anti-idiotype Vaccine and CTL Peptides of Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Authors: Asim Saha, Sunil K. Chatterjee, Kenneth A. Foon, Esteban Celis, Malaya Bhattacharya-Chatterjee
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Induction of potent and sustained antitumor immunity depends on the efficient activation of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. Immunization using dendritic cells loaded with tumor antigens constitute a powerful platform for stimulating cellular immunity. Our previous studies suggested that vaccination with an anti-idiotype antibody 3H1, which mimics a specific epitope of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), has the potential to break immune tolerance to CEA and induce anti-CEA antibody as well as CEA-specific CD4(+) T-helper responses in colon cancer patients as well as in mice transgenic for human CEA. Here, we have combined the anti-idiotype 3H1 with the CTL peptides of CEA to augment both T-helper and CTL responses in a clinically relevant mouse model, which is transgenic for both CEA and HLA-A2. We have evaluated the potential of two different HLA-A2-restricted epitopes of CEA pulsed into dendritic cells in a therapeutic setting. The overall immune responses and survival were enhanced in groups of mice immunized with agonist peptide for CEA(691) (YMIGMLVGV)-pulsed dendritic cells or CAP1-6D (YLSGADLNL, agonist peptide for CAP-1)-pulsed dendritic cells. Mice immunized with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells along with 3H1-pulsed dendritic cells resulted in significant increase in survival compared with mice immunized with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells alone (P < 0.02). IFN-gamma ELISPOT and (51)Cr-release assays showed that HLA-A2-restricted, CEA-specific CTL responses were augmented by combined dendritic cell vaccinations. The combined vaccination strategy resulted in increased antigen-specific proliferation of splenocytes and secretion of Th1 cytokines by CD4(+) T cells that correlated with increased survival. These results suggest the potential use of this vaccination strategy for future clinical applications.
A transgenic model of autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Authors: M Okamoto, M Murakami, A Shimizu, S Ozaki, T Tsubata, S Kumagai, T Honjo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

We made double transgenic mice bearing immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes encoding an autoantibody against the mouse erythrocyte by the cross of C57BL/6 mice carrying the transgene for each chain of the immunoglobulin. Although no obvious disorders were found in the single-chain transgenic mice, severely anemic symptoms were found in some of the double transgenic mice, in which most B cells express, at least on their surface, the autoantibody reactive to self-antigens on the erythrocyte. Individual double-transgenic mice showed a wide variation of phenotypes between severe anemia and no symptoms. Both deletion and anergy of autoreactive B cells were seen in each individual mouse, but their relative contribution to self-tolerance was variable and not directly related to the severity of anemia or the amount of the autoantibody produced. This transgenic system provides a good autoimmune disease model for exploring its onset mechanism, and means of its treatment and prevention.
The Coming Challenge to American Physicians
Authors: Victor R. Fuchs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Most physicians in the United States today have never known a time when the real resources at their disposal were not increasing at a rapid rate. In the 1980s, however, the flow of funds for patient care, research, and teaching is likely to slow down appreciably, because the economy will be growing at a slower rate and because the difference between rates of change of health expenditures and the gross national product (GNP) is likely to narrow. These prospects, along with the rapid growth in the number of physicians that is almost certain to continue for at least another decade, . . .
Are There Markers for the Risk of Colorectal Cancer?
Authors: Paul Sherlock, Sidney J. Winawer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Cancer of the colon and rectum is a major public-health problem in the United States, with 130,000 new cases and 59,400 deaths expected in 1984. Primary prevention of colorectal cancer depends on identifying the etiologic factors responsible and eliminating them or inhibiting their effects. Secondary prevention depends on either detection of the cancer at the earliest stage, when curability is likely, or detection and removal of precursor lesions. Evidence suggests that dietary factors may be responsible for promoting colon carcinogenesis. Until these factors are delineated further, primary prevention cannot be effectively practiced. However, secondary prevention is feasible at present.1 There . . .