tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human keratinocytes express transcripts for three isoforms of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), but not for the parathyroid hormone/PTHrP receptor: effects of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3
Authors: None Sharpe, None Dillon, None Durham, None Gallagher, None Fraser
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is strongly expressed in the epidermis and has been implicated in the regulation of growth and differentiation of keratinocytes. PTHrP has N-terminal sequence homology with parathyroid hormone (PTH) and binds to the type I PTH/PTHrP receptor, but earlier reports suggest that keratinocytes do not possess this cell surface receptor. In order to determine which PTHrP mRNA isoforms are expressed by keratinocytes and whether the type I receptor mRNA is present, we designed specific primers for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The interaction of PTHrP with other promoters of keratinocyte differentiation is unclear. In particular, 1,25(OH)2D3 is also fundamental in calcium homeostasis and induces changes in intracellular calcium. We therefore investigated the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on PTHrP mRNA expression and protein production in cultured human keratinocytes. Cells were incubated for 3 days at concentrations of 1.25(OH)2D3 of 10(-10)-10(-6) mol/L. PTHrP in culture supernatant, measured by two site immunoradiometric assay, was 915 +/- 98 PTHrP fmol/mg of cell layer protein in untreated cultures decreasing to 570 +/- 113 with 10(-8) mol/L and 402 +/- 24 with 10(-6) mol/L 1,25(OH)2D3 (mean +/- SEM, P < 0.01, n = 6). Transcripts for all three PTHrP isoforms (139, 141 and 173 amino acids) were detectable in keratinocyte mRNA. Corresponding to the decrease in PTHrP protein we demonstrated a reduction in all three PTHrP mRNA transcripts after 3 days' incubation with 1,25(OH)2D3 over a concentration range 10(-10)-10(-6) mol/L. Repeated studies failed to detect type I PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA in human keratinocytes, either in control cultures or in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3. We have shown that keratinocytes produce abundant PTHrP and that this is modulated by 1,25(OH)2D3, suggesting a physiological role. Further studies are required to investigate the relative expression of PTHrP isoforms, their role in keratinocyte signalling and the receptors involved.
Hospital doctors need a new career structure
Authors: Graham Read
Journal: BMJ (2005)

C hange may occur by diktat, evolution, or default. So how did we move from a “consultant led” to a “consultant provided” service? Has anybody thought through the consequences? When I first entered medicine hospital doctors often did not become consultants, particularly in surgical specialties, until they were well into their 40s. In true Lancelot Spratt style consultants then had an impressive retinue: senior and junior registrars, senior house officers, and—in one instance I can remember—a “first assistant.”

Doctors often preferred treatment by senior registrars for themselves or their families because they were usually the most up to date and had the most immediate hands-on experience. They were certainly experienced practitioners with a great deal of independence. Unfortunately they were still called “junior” doctors.

The system ensured that the burden of on-call work finally passed, so that when a doctor finally became a consultant he (it usually was a he in those days) could be consulted about difficult cases, which he then had the time to deal with because he did not …
Detecting congenital heart disease prenatally.
Authors: P. Kinnersley, P. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1992)

24 10O.'The difference between this figure and the estimate quoted in my editorial is attributable to the inclusion of additional charges for extended acute hospital care and different assumptions about the life expectancy of survivors (5 v 10 years).Even so, the cost of HA-lA still compares favourably with that of many other widely accepted medical mterventions.
Occam's razor and the collothalamic projection
Authors: Onur Güntürkün
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Aboitiz and colleagues propose that the tectorotundal pathway of birds and reptiles is homologous not to the mammalian colliculopulvinar system but to the posterior complex/intralaminar nuclei. However, as outlined below, a large amount of strong evidence points to a homology of the tectorotundal and the colliculopulvinar system. This makes it likely that DVR and isocortex might be in part homologous.
724 A SILYBIN-PHOSPHOLIPID-VITAMIN E COMPLEX (SILIPHOS) PREVENTS OXIDATION OF UCP2 AND LIMITS MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION DURING NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: G. Serviddio, F. Bellanti, A.D. Romano, R. Tamborra, T. Rollo, M. Blonda, D. Bruno, E. Altomare
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Lack of HIV Transmission in a Dental Practice
Authors: Harold W. Jaffe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 June 1995Lack of HIV Transmission in a Dental PracticeHarold W. Jaffe and Thomas LibertiHarold W. JaffeSearch for more papers by this author and Thomas LibertiSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-12-199506150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:All “look-back” investigations of the practices of dentists and physicians infected with the HIV rely heavily on the cooperation of the infected health care workers and are limited by incomplete assessment of former patients. Nonetheless, these investigations have been extremely helpful in documenting the very small risk for HIV transmission in such settings. Given the potential for litigation if patients are found to have acquired HIV infection during dental or medical care, we reassert our belief that patients would probably participate in an investigation to determine the source of their infection.Dr. Lewis indicates that he is aware ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 12Page: 960KeywordsEpidemiologyHIVHIV infectionsHealth care providersHepatitis BInfectious hepatitisPatientsResearch laboratories Issue Published: 15 June 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Coming of age in Olduvai and the Zaire rain forest
Authors: Justin Leiber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Probably Homo habilis is two species not one; similarly for Pan troglodytes. Although amenable to training, in nature Pan paniscus may be a “specialized insular dwarf.” Language is uniquely human, but symbolic behavior and intelligence are widespread among animals with little respect for phylogenetic closeness to Homo sapiens .
Color Atlas of Gynecology
Authors: Alex S. Tulsky
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Although this atlas, by two Australian obstetrician-gynecologists, contains a preface purporting to explain its raison d'être, it is unclear to me precisely to whom it is meant to be addressed or what the authors hoped to accomplish. It begins with a series of basic gynecologic terms and definitions and ends with a series of questions and answers, somewhat similar to the pretest and posttest with which we have all become so familiar. Sandwiched between are several hundred photographs of specimens and procedures from the common to the exotic, culled from the authors' own experience and that of several of their colleagues. Some attempt has been made at organization of the material, but it has been overwhelmed by the amount and variety they have included. Many of the legends accompanying the photographs are rather odd for a scientific text, such as "breast asymmetry in the only daughter of a wealthy family,"
Metabolism of 131I-labelled Albumin in African Subjects
Authors: S. Cohen, L. Schamroth
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Attention is drawn to the conflicting results reported by investigators on the effect of sarcoidosis and other diseases of the reticulo-endothelial system on circulating antibody production.Since previous studies were con- cerned chiefly with the response to reimmunization, we decided to test the response to this and to primary inoculation, using tetanus toxoid as the antigen in both instances.Twelve patients with sarcoidosis produced significantly less circulating antitoxin after primary immunization than did 14 controls.The poorest responders were those in whom the sarcoid process was " active."A normal response to reimmunization was given by 10 patients with sarcoidosis who had been immunized against tetanus some years earlier.The serum staphylococcal alpha-antitoxin level of 50 patients with sarcoidosis and 19 patients with reticulosis was of the same order as that of 75 control patients.The study of a small number of patients with reticulosis suggested that a poor response to primary immunization also occurs in this condition.We are indebted to Dr. Clifford Hoyle for his advice and en- couragement in the preparation of this paper; our thanks are due to him, and to Dr.
The importance of relative mutant level for evaluating impact on outcome of KIT, FLT3 and CBL mutations in core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: C Allen, R K Hills, K Lamb, C Evans, S Tinsley, R Sellar, M O'Brien, J L Yin, A K Burnett, D C Linch, R E Gale
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
STUDIES ON THE BIOGENESIS AND METABOLISM OF NOREPINEPHRINE IN PATIENTS WITH PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA*
Authors: Albert Sjoerdsma, Lemuel C. Leeper, Luther L. Terry, Sidney Udenfriend
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

from these patients were placed in cracked ice or frozen upon surgical removal for subsequent chemical and enzymatic studies.Chemical compounds.L-norepinephrine-bitartrate, Lepinephrine-bitartrate and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were obtained from commercial sources.
Focal Thyroid Uptake on Bone Scan Due to Thyroid Biopsy
Authors: Patrice K. Rehm, Sucheta Sharma
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Bone scintigraphy remains a mainstay in evaluating suspected bone pathology and is frequently used to characterize abnormalities found on other modalities. SPECT can improve localization and reveal abnormalities not evident on planar images. A 62-year-old woman with no known cancer underwent scintigraphy to characterize equivocal patchy marrow in her cervical spine on MRI performed for radiculopathy. The bone scan showed no metastases, but demonstrated focal abnormal uptake in the anterior neck. When questioned, the patient indicated she had a thyroid biopsy immediately after radiotracer injection. Extravasation of Tc-99m MDP due to focal bleeding at the biopsy site explains the focal uptake.
Herpes Zoster Vaccine in Older Adults and the Risk of Subsequent Herpes Zoster Disease
Authors: Hung Fu Tseng
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Approximately 1 million episodes of herpes zoster occur annually in the United States. Although prelicensure data provided evidence that herpes zoster vaccine works in a select study population under idealized circumstances, the vaccine needs to be evaluated in field conditions.To evaluate risk of herpes zoster after receipt of herpes zoster vaccine among individuals in general practice settings.A retrospective cohort study from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2009, of individuals enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California health plan. Participants were immunocompetent community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or older. The 75,761 members in the vaccinated cohort were age matched (1:3) to 227,283 unvaccinated members.Incidence of herpes zoster.Herpes zoster vaccine recipients were more likely to be white, women, with more outpatient visits, and fewer chronic diseases. The number of herpes zoster cases among vaccinated individuals was 828 in 130,415 person-years (6.4 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9-6.8), and for unvaccinated individuals it was 4606 in 355,659 person-years (13.0 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI, 12.6-13.3). In adjusted analysis, vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of herpes zoster (hazard ratio [HR], 0.45; 95% CI, 0.42-0.48); this reduction occurred in all age strata and among individuals with chronic diseases. Risk of herpes zoster differed by vaccination status to a greater magnitude than the risk of unrelated acute medical conditions, suggesting results for herpes zoster were not due to bias. Ophthalmic herpes zoster (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.23-0.61) and hospitalizations coded as herpes zoster (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.24-0.51) were less likely among vaccine recipients.Among immunocompetent community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or older, receipt of the herpes zoster vaccine was associated with a lower incidence of herpes zoster. The risk was reduced among all age strata and among individuals with chronic diseases.
Acral ulcerations and osteolysis, a severe form of the carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: C. Reuena, L. Requena, S. Blanco, C. Alvarez, C. Galache, E. Rodriguez
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Acral ulcerations and osteolysis, a severe form of the carpal tunnel syndrome Get access C. Réuena, C. Réuena Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Cabueñes, 33394 Cabueñes, Gijón, and *Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain E‐mail: celiareq@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Requena, L. Requena Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Cabueñes, 33394 Cabueñes, Gijón, and *Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain E‐mail: celiareq@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Blanco, S. Blanco Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Cabueñes, 33394 Cabueñes, Gijón, and *Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain E‐mail: celiareq@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Álvarez, C. Álvarez Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Cabueñes, 33394 Cabueñes, Gijón, and *Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain E‐mail: celiareq@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Galache, C. Galache Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Cabueñes, 33394 Cabueñes, Gijón, and *Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain E‐mail: celiareq@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Rodríguez E. Rodríguez Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Cabueñes, 33394 Cabueñes, Gijón, and *Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain E‐mail: celiareq@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 1, 1 January 2004, Pages 166–167, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05701.x Published: 01 January 2004
EVENTUAL RESULTS OF GASTRIC SURGERY
Authors: ERNEST H. GAITHER
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Discussions as to the most efficacious surgical approach to the problem of ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum have revealed abysmal differences of opinion on this subject. Controversy is as widespread as the disease, and at this moment, decades after the first successful operation, fervid arguments in many tongues circle the globe.  Should bold resection be applied? Should excision of the ulcer be followed by plastic operation? or should gastro-enterostomy be performed with no operative attack on the ulcerative area?  The proponents of bold resection, or plastic repair following resection of the ulcer, claim not only that the ultimate results are far superior to those attained by gastro-enterostomy, and the complications such as hemorrhage, perforation and carcinomatous degeneration less likely to occur, but that the extra hazard of gastrojejunal ulceration—much too frequent, as everyone agrees—is thus avoided.  These assertions are of course denied by those who favor gastro-enterostomy; they
More Human, More Humane: A New Approach for Testing Airborne Pollutants
Authors: Carol Potera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

People not only inhale airborne contaminants but also absorb them through the skin. Both routes can set off localized toxic reactions or damage internal organs such as the liver, kidney, and brain. Conventional tests of the toxicity of gases and vapors, in which laboratory animals are exposed to lethal or sub-lethal doses of chemicals, have been criticized as expensive, unethical, inhumane, and time-consuming. Now researchers at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) in Sydney, Australia, have developed an animal-free alternative that uses human cells to test the effects of exposure to airborne toxicants.
Benign Breast Disease and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Lynn C. Hartmann, Thomas A. Sellers, Marlene H. Frost, Wilma L. Lingle, Amy C. Degnim, Karthik Ghosh, Robert A. Vierkant, Shaun D. Maloney, V. Shane Pankratz, David W. Hillman, Vera J. Suman, Jo Johnson, Cassann Blake, Thea Tlsty, Celine M. Vachon, L. Joseph Melton, Daniel W. Visscher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Benign breast disease is an important risk factor for breast cancer. We studied a large group of women with benign breast disease to obtain reliable estimates of this risk.
A FISH cosmid ‘cocktail’ for detection of 13q deletions in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia – comparison with cytogenetics and Southern hybridization
Authors: M Merup, M Jansson, M Corcoran, Y Liu, X Wu, O Rasool, B Stellan, M Hermansson, G Juliusson, G Gahrton, S Einhorn
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
Legal considerations of clinical guidelines
Authors: I. E Doney
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

I agree with Dr Walden (September 2003, JRSM1) that clinical guidelines carry legal dangers.

Many groups, nowadays, produce guidelines on some subject with the best of intentions, to help newcomers. In my opinion, however, they are making a stick for lawyers to beat them with. At present, in the witness box, it is fair practice to pit one's experience against the expert on the other side. With guidelines available, any decent lawyer will be able to wave them aloft like an Act of Parliament, claiming that the whole of the group supports their findings and one member should never be able to disagree. Perhaps the word guidelines could be changed to something of a more advisory nature.
HAEMATOMA OF THE LEFT ORBIT TREATED BY MODIFIED KRONLEIN'S OPERATION
Authors: J. M. Cotterill, G. Mackay
Journal: BMJ (1913)

F lTwPNRItIH 38I , I93.-t imour anid in tlle cervical glanids.Teln months; after thle first op)eration lie was reported to be well, gaining in weight, aiid without loc%l or other recurrence.The following vear, however, there was further returni il the glanids, andI the patient lied from exhaustion.
Feasibility and Safety of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Patients with Subtotal Gastrectomy
Authors: P. Singh, D. Kahn, R. Greenberg, A. Indaram, N. Pooran, S. Bank
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

We aimed to study the technical feasibility, safety, efficacy and complications of endoscopic feeding tube placement in patients who had previously undergone subtotal gastrectomy. We also investigated whether jejunal feeding tube placement (percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy [PEJ]) is superior to gastric feeding tube placement (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy [PEG]) in the prevention of aspiration pneumonia in patients with subtotal gastrectomy.A retrospective cohort study was carried out which included 48 patients treated between 1995 and 2001. Participants were selected from 3400 patients who were referred for PEG placement. The study group consisted of 15 consecutive patients with a prior subtotal gastrectomy. The control group comprised 33 randomly selected patients with intact stomachs. The primary end point of the study concerned the safety of PEG placement. The secondary end points included the efficacy and technical difficulty of the procedure.PEG/PEJ placement was successful in 14 of the 15 patients (93 %) who had previously had a subtotal gastrectomy. None of the study patients developed procedure-related complications. Feeding intolerance was more common in patients with gastrectomy compared with patients with an intact stomach, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (10 % vs. 3 %, P>0.05). A significantly higher incidence of pneumonia was observed in patients with gastrectomy compared with patients with an intact stomach (P=0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that the risk was higher with jejunal tube placement compared with gastric tube placement (42 % vs. 12 %, P=0.001).PEG/PEJ placement in patients with gastrectomy is a technically safe procedure. These patients are at higher risk of aspiration pneumonia and risk is higher with jejunal tube placement compared with gastric tube placement.
US austerity program cuts are expected to hit non-profit hospital revenues
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Cuts in Medicare mandated by the federal fiscal austerity program known as sequestration will hit non-profit hospitals in the United States particularly hard, concludes a new analysis by Moody’s Investors Service, a bond credit rating business.1

The budget sequestration mandates around $1.2 trillion in federal spending cuts over the next 10 years.

As part of those cuts, reimbursements from Medicare, the US health insurance plan for elderly people, will be cut 2% a year over planned spending levels.

The reductions, which came into effect on 1 April, are projected to cut revenues for hospitals, physicians, and other healthcare providers by $11bn (£7.2bn; €8.4bn) in 2013 alone.

Medicare reimbursements are the largest source of income for most hospitals; and in the non-profit hospitals that Moody’s rates …
The Overdiagnosis of Lyme Disease
Authors: Allen C. Steere
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To analyze the diagnoses, serological test results, and treatment results of the patients evaluated in a Lyme disease clinic, both prior to referral and from current evaluation. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective case survey of prescreened patients. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Research and diagnostic Lyme disease clinic in a university hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All 788 patients referred to the clinic during a 4.5-year period who were thought by the referring physician or the patient to have a diagnosis of Lyme disease. <h3>Main Outcome Measurements.</h3> —Symptoms and signs of disease, immunodiagnostic tests of Lyme disease, and tests of neurological function. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of the 788 patients, 180 (23%) had active Lyme disease, usually arthritis, encephalopathy, or polyneuropathy. One hundred fifty-six patients (20%) had previous Lyme disease and another current illness, most commonly chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia; and in 49 patients, these symptoms began soon after objective manifestations of Lyme disease. The remaining 452 patients (57%) did not have Lyme disease. The majority of these patients also had the chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia; the others usually had rheumatic or neurological diseases. Of the patients who did not have Lyme disease, 45% had had positive serological test results for Lyme disease in other laboratories, but all were seronegative in our laboratory. Prior to referral, 409 of the 788 patients had been treated with antibiotic therapy. In 322 (79%) of these patients, the reason for lack of response was incorrect diagnosis. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Only a minority of the patients referred to the clinic met diagnostic criteria for Lyme disease. The most common reason for lack of response to antibiotic therapy was misdiagnosis. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:1812-1816)