tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of the diagnostic utility of sputum Gram stain in pneumonia
Authors: Stavros Anevlavis, Niki Petroglou, Athanasios Tzavaras, Efstratios Maltezos, Ioannis Pneumatikos, Marios Froudarakis, Eleftherios Anevlavis, Demosthenes Bouros
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
Parents agree to surgery after case goes to high court
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A row over treatment of a severely disfigured baby in the north east of England was settled last week when her parents consented to surgery to rectify her breathing difficulties, after hospital authorities took the case to the high court.

The dispute began when Suzanne Taylor and her husband, Aziz Rafi, took their 3 month old baby, Maria, to the Royal Victoria Infirmary in Newcastle upon Tyne, after travelling with her from Saudi Arabia, where she was born. The baby suffers from …
Effect of high flow oxygen on mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in prehospital setting: randomised controlled trial
Authors: M. A. Austin, K. E. Wills, L. Blizzard, E. H. Walters, R. Wood-Baker
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objectives</b> To compare standard high flow oxygen treatment with titrated oxygen treatment for patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the prehospital setting. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised controlled parallel group trial. <b>Setting</b> Ambulance service in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. <b>Participants</b> 405 patients with a presumed acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were treated by paramedics, transported, and admitted to the Royal Hobart Hospital during the trial period; 214 had a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease confirmed by lung function tests in the previous five years. <b>Interventions</b> High flow oxygen treatment compared with titrated oxygen treatment in the prehospital (ambulance/paramedic) setting. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Prehospital or in-hospital mortality. <b>Results</b> In an intention to treat analysis, the risk of death was significantly lower in the titrated oxygen arm compared with the high flow oxygen arm for all patients (high flow oxygen n=226; titrated oxygen n=179) and for the subgroup of patients with confirmed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (high flow n=117; titrated n=97). Overall mortality was 9% (21 deaths) in the high flow oxygen arm compared with 4% (7 deaths) in the titrated oxygen arm; mortality in the subgroup with confirmed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 9% (11 deaths) in the high flow arm compared with 2% (2 deaths) in the titrated oxygen arm. Titrated oxygen treatment reduced mortality compared with high flow oxygen by 58% for all patients (relative risk 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.20 to 0.89; P=0.02) and by 78% for the patients with confirmed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.22, 0.05 to 0.91; P=0.04). Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who received titrated oxygen according to the protocol were significantly less likely to have respiratory acidosis (mean difference in pH 0.12 (SE 0.05); P=0.01; n=28) or hypercapnia (mean difference in arterial carbon dioxide pressure −33.6 (16.3) mm Hg; P=0.02; n=29) than were patients who received high flow oxygen. <b>Conclusions</b> Titrated oxygen treatment significantly reduced mortality, hypercapnia, and respiratory acidosis compared with high flow oxygen in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These results provide strong evidence to recommend the routine use of titrated oxygen treatment in patients with breathlessness and a history or clinical likelihood of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the prehospital setting. <b>Trial registration</b> Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12609000236291.
369 HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS RNA DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION: ISSUES WITH STANDARDIZATION AND NEEDS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: N. Gatselis, F. Le Gal, I. Mederacke, A. Soulier, B. Bremer, C. Rodriguez, S. Chevaliez, H. Wedemeyer, E. Gordien, J.-M. Pawlotsky
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Development of cytochrome P450 2D6-specific LKM-autoantibodies following liver transplantation for Wilson's disease - possible association with a steroid-resistant transplant rejection episode
Authors: Ansgar W Lohse, Petra Obermayer-Straub, Guido Gerken, Silvia Brunner, Ulrich Altes, Hans Peter Dienes, Michael P Manns, Karl-Hermann Meyer zum Büschenfelde
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
People with learning disabilities were treated "less favourably than others"
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Investigations into complaints about the care of six people with learning disabilities in England has found that “significant and distressing failures” in the treatment they received from health and social care services led to the death of one and probably one other.

A lack of leadership and failure to understand the law in relation to disability discrimination and human rights at some of the 20 bodies involved in the care of the six people led to them being treated “less favourably than others, resulting in prolonged suffering and inappropriate care,” says the health service and local government ombudsmen who carried out the investigations.

Mencap, a charity for people with learning disabilities, asked the ombudsmen to investigate the deaths of the six people, all of whom died between 2003 and 2005 while in NHS or local authority care, on behalf of their families. The charity believed that they all died unnecessarily as a result of receiving substandard care because of their …
Caspase-independent cell death in AML: caspase inhibition in vitro with pan-caspase inhibitors or in vivo by XIAP or Survivin does not affect cell survival or prognosis
Authors: Bing Z. Carter, Steven M. Kornblau, Twee Tsao, Rui-Yu Wang, Wendy D. Schober, Michele Milella, Hsi-Guang Sung, John C. Reed, Michael Andreeff
Journal: Blood (2003)
Abstract P1-01-21: Predicting Risk of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis: A Novel, Decision Tree-Based Approach That Can Handle Incomplete Datasets
Authors: M Takada, M Sugimoto, Y Naito, M Kondo, K Kuroi, T Inamoto, M Tomita, M. Toi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Although axillary lymph node (AxLN) status, the most important prognostic factor in primary breast cancer patients, is used to tailor systemic therapy, precise staging of AxLN status before primary systemic therapy remains difficult. Sophisticated computational tools, especially nomograms, are used to predict the AxLN status. However, their prediction ability is limited by the requirement for datasets without any defects and their ability to deal with only a limited number of features. The aim of this study was to develop a novel mathematical algorithm to predict the AxLN status that can handle datasets with a large number of features containing missing values as are frequently observed in clinical datasets. Methods: Pathological-, physical-, and diagnostic-image features (mammography and ultrasonography) from patients with primary invasive breast cancer who initially underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy or had undergone axillary lymph node dissection were used for training (n=168). Data resampling, feature-selection based on a support vector machine, an alternative decision tree (ADTree), and data ensemble methods were integrated to predict AxLN metastasis from the large number of clinicopathological variables. Even in the absence of data points, the ADTree method can be used to calculate a certain range of classification probabilities. After development of the prediction model, we validated the model using an independent validation dataset (n=56). Results: The developed model contained 14 variables and exhibited high accuracy; the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.84 — 0.94) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.76 — 0.95) for the training-and validation dataset, respectively. Bootstrap analyses yielded 0.90 ± 0.026 for training and 0.85 ± 0.053 for validation; the missing value replacement test showed 0.86 ± 0.011 for training and 0.83 ± 0.020 for validation. Conclusions: The model permitted the accurate prediction of AxLN metastasis even in datasets with missing values. Furthermore, it incorporates a combination of clinicopathological variables that can be obtained non-invasively for their prediction. Thus, it may become a valuable tool for the development of treatment strategies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-21.
Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei-the DNA of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> is not detectable in active lesions by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: E. HODAK, A. TRATTNER, H. FEUERMAN, M. FEINMESSER, R. TSVIELI, S. MITRANI-ROSENBAUM, M. DAVID
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

There has been a controversy as to the origin of lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF). It was originally thought to be associated with tuberculosis, due to its histopathological similarity. Recently, this association has been doubted, although there remain reported cases of LMDF associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Three patients with the clinical and histopathological features of LMDF are described. Skin from these patients was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two different oligoprimers for the detection of 123 bp and 165 bp DNA fragments specific for M. tuberculosis complex. With these two PCR systems, no M. tuberculosis DNA was detected in any of the LMDF patients. It was present in all positive controls and absent in all negative controls. In this study we could not demonstrate an association between LMDF and tuberculosis.
Immunophenotyping of acute leukemia and lymphoproliferative disorders: a consensus proposal of the European LeukemiaNet Work Package 10
Authors: M C Béné, T Nebe, P Bettelheim, B Buldini, H Bumbea, W Kern, F Lacombe, P Lemez, I Marinov, E Matutes, M Maynadié, U Oelschlagel, A Orfao, R Schabath, M Solenthaler, G Tschurtschenthaler, A M Vladareanu, G Zini, G C Faure, A Porwit
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
430 Pre-term (P) and low birthweight (LBW) infants of asthmatic mothers (AM): Clinical correlations
Authors: M. Schatz, R.S. Zeiger, K. Harden, C.P. Hoffman, A.B. Forsythe, L.M. Chilingar, R.P. Porreco, A.S. Benenson, W.L. Sperling, B.S. Saunders
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)
Coca-Cola supply chain helps bring diarrhoea treatments to developing world
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Circular RNAs (circRNA) expression aberration has been identified in various human diseases. In this study, we investigated whether circRNAs could act as competing endogenous RNAs to regulate the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). <h3>Methods</h3> CircRNA deep sequencing was performed to the expression of circRNAs between OA and control cartilage tissues. The regulatory and functional role of CircSERPINE2 upregulation was examined in OA and was validated in vitro and in vivo, downstream target of CircSERPINE2 was explored. RNA pull down, a luciferase reporter assay, biotin-coupled microRNA capture and fluorescence in situ hybridisation were used to evaluate the interaction between CircSERPINE2 and miR-1271-5 p, as well as the target mRNA, E26 transformation-specific-related gene (ERG). The role and mechanism of CircSERPINE2 in OA was also explored in rabbit models. <h3>Results</h3> The decreased expression of CircSERPINE2 in the OA cartilage tissues was directly associated with excessive apoptosis and imbalance between anabolic and catabolic factors of extracellular matrix (ECM). Mechanistically, CircSERPINE2 acted as a sponge of miR-1271-5 p and functioned in human chondrocytes (HCs) through targeting miR-1271-5 p and ERG. Intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus-CircSERPINE2-wt alleviated OA in the rabbit model. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results reveal an important role for a novel circRNA-CircSERPINE2 in OA progression. CircSERPINE2 overexpression could alleviate HCs apoptosis and promote anabolism of ECM through miR-1271-ERG pathway. It provides a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for OA progression.
Fertility after testicular cancer therapy?
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Today surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy are saving the lives of many young men with testicular cancer. As life and death issues subside, however, a new worry arises: how will these treatments affect future fertility, particularly when sperm counts are low even before therapy? Oncologists have long been concerned that radiotherapy or chemotherapy in particular might impair spermatogenesis or testosterone production. Results of small studies have suggested that certain patients may have impaired spermatogenic function even before antineoplastic treatment. Results of larger studies presented at the International Congress of Andrology in Boston support this. According to Denmark's Jorgen G. Berthelsen, MD, the findings suggest that "in some cases a common genetic or environmental factor is responsible for both the impaired spermatogenesis and the predisposition to the development of cancer." Information accumulating over the past two decades has indicated that most patients with unilateral testicular cancer have impaired semen quality before radiotherapy
Malignant Disease in Children
Authors: D. Hubble
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Psychiatrists must count.If their subject is to advance there must be mensuration.The choices are, firstly, the chemico-physical: measuring some change or other in this or that constituent of this or that body fluid in this or that condition.This is really for bio- chemists and the like.Secondly, the psychological, perhaps the highest priority task; attempting to calibrate the phenomena of clinical psychiatry, creating scales for anxiety, degrees of delusions-why do so few clinical psvchologists seem interested?Lastly, the epidemiological: counting heads.We can ask how many cases, of what sorts, arise in what social, occupational, or genetic populations, in association with what other conditions, and requiring what sort of services?We can dis- cover whether, if we contrive to alter a situa- tion, this increases or decreases the number.Because the roots of psychiatry are so closely linked with social problems and since its clinical manifestations are so often behavi- oural, this approach must be important.The last 20 years have seen a great acceleration in such studies.This book is about them.
First-line treatment with sunitinib for type 1 and type 2 locally advanced or metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma: a phase II study (SUPAP) by the French Genitourinary Group (GETUG)
Authors: A. Ravaud, S. Oudard, M. De Fromont, C. Chevreau, G. Gravis, S. Zanetta, C. Theodore, M. Jimenez, E. Sevin, B. Laguerre, F. Rolland, M. Ouali, S. Culine, B. Escudier
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
A Randomized Phase 2 Study of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin with or without Conatumumab for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Luis Paz-Ares, Beatrix Bálint, Richard H. de Boer, Jan P. van Meerbeeck, Rafal Wierzbicki, Paul De Souza, Francesco Galimi, Vincent Haddad, Tony Sabin, Yong-jiang Hei, Yang Pan, Susan Cottrell, Cheng-Pang Hsu, Rodryg RamLau
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Aminophylline
Authors: James P. Lillehei
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The widespread preference for rectal rather than oral administration of aminophylline was questioned and comparisons were made in 13 adults. Throughout four hours of testing, mean theophylline concentrations in the blood were higher with oral administration after fasting than with rectal administration by suppository or retention enema. In every patient, oral administration gave the highest blood theophylline concentration. After 500 mg of aminophylline in uncoated tablets was taken orally, a so-called therapeutic blood concentration developed in every patient.
Abstract P2-06-04: p300 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting pro-metastatic microRNA pathways
Authors: M Birnbaum, H Yuan, K Yue, NH Bishopric
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The histone acetyltransferase p300 is an important epigenetic factor known to regulate gene silencing, DNA repair, and cell cycle. Altered p300 expression is linked to cancerous phenotypes and has potential as both a biomarker and therapeutic target. Existing anti-cancer therapies such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (vorinostat, valproic acid, trichostatin A) are known to affect p300 levels and activity. Understanding how p300 affects cancerous and metastatic development is crucial to optimizing and advancing these treatments. However, whether p300 acts as a tumor suppressor or promoter is still controversial. To address this issue, we stably knocked down p300 levels in MCF-7, BT 474 and MDA MB 231 to 30-40% endogenous levels to directly examine p300's effects on tumorigenicity. Our experiments show loss of p300 significantly increased cell motility in the scratch assay (p&amp;lt;0.05) and increased motility and invasion in a cell chamber migration chamber by 50% (p&amp;lt;0.001). Xenograft tumors formed from KD-p300 shRNA MCF-7 cells were on average about three times larger at six weeks post implantation than that of non-silencing control NS-MCF-7 tumors. KD-p300 MCF-7 xenograft tumors demonstrate a more aggressive phenotype with increased vascularity. To identify targets of p300 that might regulate its anti-tumor effect, we observed that miR-let-7c was downregulated in KD-p300 MCF-7 by 70% (p&amp;lt;0.05). Consistent with this, the miR-let-7c target N-Ras was up regulated in KD-p300 MCF-7 cell lines and its xenograft tumors by three fold (p&amp;lt;0.05). Knockdown of p300 of MCF-7 cells also displayed downregulated miR-141 and miR-200a and upregulated their known target, ZEB1, by 40% (p&amp;lt;0.05). Gene expression profile assay showed that loss of p300 resulted in up regulation of ZEB1, laminin, collagen, IL-6, IFN, TGF-b, and components of the Wnt signaling pathway, which indicated a shift from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. Our data showed that loss of p300 was sufficient to induce a more invasive and potentially metastatic or EMT phenotype in breast cancer cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-06-04.
Abstract 3760: Associations of risk variants for 20 different malignancies with colorectal cancer in a multiethnic population
Authors: Iona C. Cheng, Christian Caberto, Lynne R. Wilkens, Fredrick R. Schumacher, Laurence N. Kolonel, Brian E. Henderson, Daniel O. Stram, Christopher A. Haiman, Loic Le Marchand
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Familial clustering has been reported across different cancer sites, suggesting that cancer may be considered a broad phenotype with genetic risk factors that are shared across different malignancies. We, as part of the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study, explored the hypothesis that risk variants established for cancers at any site influence the risk of colorectal cancer. We selected 160 SNPs associated with 20 different cancer sites, including colorectal cancer, from genome-wide association studies published through May, 2009. These SNPs were genotyped in a nested case-control study of 2,077 colorectal cancer cases and 2,685 controls from five racial-ethnic groups (African American, European American, Latino, Japanese American, and Native Hawaiian) within the Multiethnic Cohort. Odds ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals were estimated by unconditional logistic regression to evaluate the association between SNPs and colorectal cancer risk, adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. We found that 22 risk variants were associated with colorectal cancer risk with P&amp;lt;0.05: one acute lymphocytic leukemia SNP (ALL); one basal cell carcinoma SNP; two breast cancer SNPs; one chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) SNP; four colorectal cancer SNPs (rs6983267, rs4939827, rs16892766, and rs10505477); five lung cancer SNPs; one nasopharyngeal cancer SNP; one neuroblastoma SNP; two pancreatic cancer SNPs; and four prostate cancer SNPs. With more associations than would be expected by chance (8 =160 tests × 0.05), these results suggest robust significant associations. The strongest association (P&amp;lt;0.0001) was for a colorectal cancer risk variant at chromosome 8q24 (rs10505477). Other notable associations (P&amp;lt;0.01) and their originally associated cancer site, excluding known colorectal cancer risk variants (rs6983267, rs4939827, and rs4242382), include rs17483466 (ACOXL) for CLL (P=0.003), rs4242382 (8q24) for prostate cancer (P=0.004), rs10994982 for ALL (P=0.0078), and rs4975616 (TERT-CLPTM1L) for lung cancer (P=0.0079). Future analysis will include approximately 3,600 additional colorectal cancer cases and controls from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), Arthrosclerosis Risk In Communities Study (ARIC), and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) as part of the PAGE initiative. In conclusion, these results may provide important insights into the biological pathways that are shared across different cancer sites. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3760. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3760
Endocarditis due to streptobacillus moniliformis
Authors: R. C. McCormack
Journal: JAMA (1967)

THE CAUSATIVE organism of streptobacillary rat bite fever,<i>Streptobacillus moniliformis</i>, has been implicated in only ten reported cases of bacterial endocarditis.<sup>1-9</sup>The purpose of this paper is to describe two additional cases of bacterial endocarditis caused by<i>S moniliformis</i>and to discuss the therapy of the disease. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 70-year-old white woman was admitted to the New York Hospital for the first time on Jan 3, 1949, because of nausea and weight loss of six weeks' duration. One week prior to admission fever and cough had developed and she had been treated with parenteral administration of penicillin up to the time of admission. She was afebrile at the time of admission. Physical examination revealed a systolic thrill and a loud systolic murmur at the aortic area. The hemoglobin level was 8.8 gm/100 ml. No blood cultures were taken and she was discharged. Three months later
280 AN INCREASED AND ACTIVATED VDELTA1 POPULATION CHARACTERISES PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE AND ADVANCED HCV-RELATED LIVER DISEASE
Authors: S. Ferri, G. Lanzoni, C. Lalanne, M. Bassi, R. Cicola, A. Belardinelli, G. Ballardini, P. Muratori, G. Pappas, L. Muratori, M. Lenzi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)