tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF A CASE OF STRUMIPRIVOUS TETANY WITH PARATHYROID EXTRACT
Authors: AXEL M. HJORT
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The incidence of strumiprivous tetany varies somewhat, but the records of the best clinics show an occurrence of about one case in every thousand thyroid operations. When encountered, such cases cause more or less concern as to the choice of treatment. Since the introduction of active parathyroid extracts by Hanson,<sup>1</sup>Berman,<sup>2</sup>Collip<sup>3</sup>and others,<sup>4</sup>only two case reports of their application as a specific in the treatment of strumiprivous tetany have appeared in the literature. Snell<sup>5</sup>reported one case which responded readily either to orally administered calcium lactate, in large doses, or to parenterally introduced parathyroid extract. (The doses given were in terms of cubic centimeters without mention of their unitage). Lisser and Shepardson<sup>6</sup>also reported one case which responded well to parathyroid extract, parenterally administered in relatively small doses. The experience of these two groups of investigators would give the impression that the
Inguinal Hernia Demonstrated Incidentally During Bone Imaging
Authors: KASTYTIS C. KARVELIS, EUGENE D. SILVERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A 71-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for evaluation and treatment of small cell lung carcinoma. Because of time constraints, the patient underwent radionuclide esophageal imaging and later that day underwent bone imaging. Bowel activity (Tc-99m sulfur colloid) was noted in a right-sided inguinal hernia, which subsequently was confirmed on physical examination. This may be the first report of an inguinal hernia noted in conjunction with bone imaging.
Effectiveness of Live, Attenuated Intranasal Influenza Virus Vaccine in Healthy, Working Adults
Authors: Kristin L. Nichol
Journal: JAMA (1999)

<h3>Context</h3>Influenza virus is a major cause of illness, disruption to daily life, and increased use of health care in all age groups.<h3>Objective</h3>To assess the safety and effectiveness of intranasally administered trivalent, live, attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccine for reducing illness, absenteeism, and health care use among healthy, working adults.<h3>Design</h3>Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from September 1997 through March 1998.<h3>Setting</h3>Thirteen centers across the United States.<h3>Participants</h3>A total of 4561 healthy, working adults aged 18 to 64 years recruited through health insurance plans, at work sites, and from the general population. <h3>Intervention</h3>Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive intranasally administered trivalent LAIV vaccine (n=3041) or placebo (n=1520) in the fall of 1997.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Episodes of febrile illness, severe febrile illness, febrile upper respiratory tract illness, work loss, and health care use during the peak and total influenza outbreak periods, and adverse events.<h3>Results</h3>Recipients of LAIV vaccine were as likely to experience 1 or more febrile illnesses as placebo recipients during peak outbreak periods (13.2% for vaccine vs 14.6% for placebo; P=.19). However, vaccination significantly reduced the numbers of severe febrile illnesses (18.8% reduction; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.4%-28.8%) and febrile upper respiratory tract illnesses (23.6% reduction; 95% CI, 12.7%-33.2%). Vaccination also led to fewer days of illness across all illness syndromes (22.9% reduction for febrile illnesses; 27.3% reduction for severe febrile illnesses), fewer days of work lost (17.9% reduction for severe febrile illnesses; 28.4% reduction for febrile upper respiratory tract illnesses), and fewer days with health care provider visits (24.8% reduction for severe febrile illnesses; 40.9% reduction for febrile upper respiratory tract illnesses). Use of prescription antibiotics and over-the-counter medications was also reduced across all illness syndromes. Vaccine recipients were more likely to experience runny nose or sore throat during the first 7 days after vaccination, but serious adverse events between the groups were not significantly different. The match between the type A(H3N2) vaccine strain and the predominant circulating virus strain (A/Sydney/05/97[H3N2]) for the 1997-1998 season was poor, suggesting that LAIV provided substantial cross-protection against this variant influenza A virus strain.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Intranasal trivalent LAIV vaccine was safe and effective in healthy, working adults in a year in which a drifted influenza A virus predominated.
Broad Blockade Antibody Responses in Human Volunteers after Immunization with a Multivalent Norovirus VLP Candidate Vaccine: Immunological Analyses from a Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Lisa C Lindesmith, Martin T Ferris, Clancy W Mullan, Jennifer Ferreira, Kari Debbink, Jesica Swanstrom, Charles Richardson, Robert R Goodwin, Frank Baehner, Paul M Mendelman, Robert F Bargatze, Ralph S Baric
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Background Human noroviruses (NoVs) are the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis and are characterized by antigenic variation between genogroups and genotypes and antigenic drift of strains within the predominant GII.4 genotype. In the context of this diversity, an effective NoV vaccine must elicit broadly protective immunity. We used an antibody (Ab) binding blockade assay to measure the potential cross-strain protection provided by a multivalent NoV virus-like particle (VLP) candidate vaccine in human volunteers. Methods and Findings Sera from ten human volunteers immunized with a multivalent NoV VLP vaccine (genotypes GI.1/GII.4) were analyzed for IgG and Ab blockade of VLP interaction with carbohydrate ligand, a potential correlate of protective immunity to NoV infection and illness. Immunization resulted in rapid rises in IgG and blockade Ab titers against both vaccine components and additional VLPs representing diverse strains and genotypes not represented in the vaccine. Importantly, vaccination induced blockade Ab to two novel GII.4 strains not in circulation at the time of vaccination or sample collection. GII.4 cross-reactive blockade Ab titers were more potent than responses against non-GII.4 VLPs, suggesting that previous exposure history to this dominant circulating genotype may impact the vaccine Ab response. Further, antigenic cartography indicated that vaccination preferentially activated preexisting Ab responses to epitopes associated with GII.4.1997. Study interpretations may be limited by the relevance of the surrogate neutralization assay and the number of immunized participants evaluated. Conclusions Vaccination with a multivalent NoV VLP vaccine induces a broadly blocking Ab response to multiple epitopes within vaccine and non-vaccine NoV strains and to novel antigenic variants not yet circulating at the time of vaccination. These data reveal new information about complex NoV immune responses to both natural exposure and to vaccination, and support the potential feasibility of an efficacious multivalent NoV VLP vaccine for future use in human populations. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01168401
Pharmacodynamic study of F(ab')2 fragments of murine monoclonal antibody 7E3 directed against human platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in patients with unstable angina pectoris.
Authors: H K Gold, L W Gimple, T Yasuda, R C Leinbach, W Werner, R Holt, R Jordan, H Berger, D Collen, B S Coller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The pharmacodynamics of intravenous bolus injections of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mg/kg of F(ab')2 fragments of the murine monoclonal antibody 7E3, 7E3-F(ab')2, directed against the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) receptor of human platelets, were studied in groups of four patients with unstable angina pectoris. With 0.20 mg/kg, the template bleeding time prolonged from 6.3 +/- 1.9 (mean +/- SD) to greater than 30 min; it subsequently decreased to 13 +/- 7.8 min after 12 h and to 8.3 +/- 1.5 min after 24 h. The number of unblocked GPIIb/IIIa receptors (preinfusion value, 32,000 +/- 3,000 per platelet) decreased to 13 +/- 7% of the preinfusion value 1 h after infusion, and then increased to 33 +/- 10% at 12 h, 44 +/- 8% at 24 h and 67 +/- 7% at 72 h. The logarithm of the bleeding time was inversely proportional with the residual GPIIb/IIIa receptors (r = 0.73, P less than 0.0001). ADP-induced platelet aggregation (measured by changes in light transmittance in percent) decreased from 60 +/- 5% before infusion to 1.5 +/- 3% 1 h after infusion; it then increased to 29 +/- 3% after 24 h and 39 +/- 6% after 72 h. Platelet counts decreased by 16% at 1 h and returned to control values within 24 h. Proportionally smaller effects were seen at lower doses of 7E3-F(ab')2. Antibody injection did not induce spontaneous bleeding. Angina was not observed during the first 12 h when the bleeding time was significantly prolonged, but occurred in 6 of the 16 patients within the next 3 d. 2 of the 16 patients developed low titers of IgG antibodies specific for 7E3-F(ab')2. Thus 7E3-F(ab')2 induces dose-related inhibition of platelet function; at a dose of 0.20 mg/kg, it causes profound inhibition of platelet aggregation and prolongation of the bleeding time, but no spontaneous bleeding.
A Family Outbreak of Salmonellosis Traced to a Pet Turtle
Authors: Beryl J. Rosenstein, Pietro Russo, Malcolm C. Hinchliffe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

IT is well known that the vast reservoir of salmonella in animals constitutes a major source of salmonellosis for man.1 Recently, such household pets as parakeets,2 chicks and ducklings3 have been incriminated in isolated cases or localized outbreaks of salmonellosis in man. The present report describes a family outbreak of salmonellosis traced to a pet turtle and illustrates the value of the uncommon salmonella serotype as an epidemiologic "tracer."Case Reports and Epidemiologic InvestigationThe involved family, consisting of a mother and 6 children, had 5 members with stool cultures positive for Salmonella java (also known as Sal. paratyphi B., . . .
US authorities face legal challenges over anaesthetics used in executions
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Federal drug enforcement officials have seized the US state of Georgia’s stock of thiopental sodium, the anaesthetic used in executions of most US death row inmates, amid concerns that its importation from the UK might have been illegal.

Officials from the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) removed the drug after a lawyer for death row inmate Andrew Grant DeYoung wrote to the US attorney general, Eric Holder, alleging that the importation violated the Federal Controlled Substances Act. The act requires anyone importing controlled substances to be registered with the DEA, and the state of Georgia is not registered.

The drug is specified in most …
Current concepts in the treatment of anovulation.
Authors: E Rabau, D M Serr, S Mashiach, V Insler, M Salomy, B Lunenfeld
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MEDIBCAILIJUNALresidual follicle stimulating hormone secretion leading to the production of polycystic ovaries (Ferriman, 1960) ; all follicle stimulating hormone secretion may have disappeared in the more severely affected patients.The development of sensitive and precise radio-immunological assays for gonadotrophins may shed some light on the problem before long.The incidence of conception in our series (9 out of 41) is higher than we would have anticipated from our previous experiences in the field.This has been the experience of many other workers (Greenblatt, 1966).It is not possible to make a precise statistical assessment of the comparative value of this drug in the absence of control data.The provision of such data would be of great interest.It is odd that while patients with polycystic ovaries show a better ovulatory response to clomiphene than those with normal- sized ovaries their conception rate should be lower.Perhaps the thickened capsules of the polycystic ovaries interfere with the release of ova, or the increased production of androgen by these ovaries impairs nidation. SummaryThe ovulatory response to clomiphene is significantly better in patients with menstrual cycles of less than six months' dura- tion compared with those whose cycles exceed this figure, and in patients with polycystic ovaries compared with those whose ovaries are of normal size.It is better in patients with basal oestrogen excretions exceeding 21 ,ug./24hours than in those whose excretion levels fall below this figure (obtained by a method having a nonspecific background fluorescence of 10 xug./24 hours), though the difference does not quite reach formal significance.Patients with normal-sized ovaries conceive more readily than those with polycystic ovaries.The difference does not quite reach formal significance.We wish to thank Dr.
Renal Osteodystrophy During Chronic Dialysis.
Authors: Saul M. Genuth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Renal Osteodystrophy During Chronic Dialysis.Saul M. Genuth, M.D., Leonard Berman, M.D., F.A.C.P., Victor Vertes, M.D., F.A.C.P.Saul M. Genuth, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Leonard Berman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Victor Vertes, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1094_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRenal osteodystrophy includes a spectrum of metabolic bone disorders ranging from osteomalacia due to calcium lack to osteitis fibrosa cystica due to secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism. To better define a physiological guide to therapy, patterns of response to a standardized intravenous calcium infusion were studied in patients undergoing chronic dialysis. Patients with severe X-ray changes of osteitis fibrosa demonstrated significantly lesser increments in plasma calcium with a significant coincident fall in plasma phosphorus when compared with similarly dialyzed controls, suggesting rapid assimilation of calcium by unmineralized bone. Plasma parathormone, measured by radioimmunoassay, was four times higher in bone-disease patients than... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1094-1094KeywordsBlood plasmaBoneCalciumFallsHyperparathyroidismMedical dialysisParathyroid hormonePhosphorusRadioimmunoassays Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A STUDY OF FACTORS (EMOTIONAL) RESPONSIBLE FOR CHANGES IN THE PATTERN OF SPONTANEOUS RHYTHMIC FLUCTUATIONS IN THE VOLUME OF THE VASCULAR BED OF THE FINGER TIP 1
Authors: C. Neumann, W. T. Lhamon, A. E. Cohn, C. Galati
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1944)

When rlhythmic changes in the volume of fingers (alpha waves), toes, and ears were first studied, the records seemed to fall into two main types, those with large changes and those with small.There was reason to think that these differences corresponded to the psychological type of the sub- ject-a pattern of consistently large changes oc- curring in persons with volatile temperaments, and of consistently small changes in steady-going, plhlegmatic ones.Investigation into the mecha- nism of these rhythmic changes disclosed the fact that they were independent of fluctuatiops in blood pressure (1) but were dependent upon changes in the size of the small blood vessels (2).It be- came clear that these were in turn dependent upon the uniniterrupted activity of the sympathetic nerv- ous supply (3).Information recently secured showed, furthermore, that the pattern of changes was not unvarying in an individual, but could be now of one type and later on of another.Such transformations occurred even when external factors such as temperature and humidity were kept constant and disturbing psychological influences originating in the immediate environment were kept at a minimum.Control over all these ele- ments was maintained because of their known importance as stimuli, capable of modifying the basic pattern by inducing periods of vasoconstric- tion.Once the detectable environmental influen-ces were stabilized, cause for the lability of patterns
PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE DETERMINATION BY AVERY'S CULTURAL METHOD
Authors: EDITH A. BECKLER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Since the publication of Avery's<sup>1</sup>work on a rapid cultural method for the determination of types of pneumococcus in sputum from cases of lobar pneumonia, the diagnostic laboratory of the Massachusetts State Department of Health has used this method together with the method of mouse inoculation. The specimens of sputum received are from hospitals and private cases in Boston. The technic employed by us is as follows: One c.c. of sputum is washed and ground in a sterile mortar with approximately 2 c.c. of broth, 1 c.c. of the emulsion is inoculated into a mouse, and the remaining cubic centimeter is inoculated into 4 c.c. of blood glucose broth in a centrifuge tube. For the mouse test, the method outlined by Blake<sup>2</sup>is used. For the cultural test, Avery's method is followed. The broth cultures are examined from time to time, and when pneumococci are abundant the precipitin
Endoscopic Microscopy of the Colon
Authors: V.P. Strekalovsky, S.L. Khankin, T.P. Gorbeshko, M.V. Beliaev
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

The authors analyse the results of endoscopic colonomicroscopy at various magnifications in 250 patients. A study of dye absorption in different histological types of colonic tumor made it possible to establish that chromocolonoscopy is an effective method in diagnosing and differentiating some types of tumors and hyperplastic changes in the mucosa of the colon. Adenomas with severe dysplasia of the glandular epithelium, and tumors with a structure of an adenocarcinoma do not readily accept vital staining.
Conversion of cortisone to cortisol and prednisone to prednisolone.
Authors: J. S. Jenkins, P. A. Sampson
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Though cortisone has been widely used since Hench et al. (1949) described its value in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, there is now considerable evidence that cortisone and other steroids which possess the 1 1-oxo group instead of a
Iron Deficiency Anemia In a Pueblo Indian Village
Authors: Thomas H. Corbett
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Routine outpatient services in a typical Pueblo Indian village in New Mexico suggested a high incidence of anemia in infants and young children. A study to determine the incidence and severity was performed during the period from May through July, 1966. <h3>Background:—</h3> The Acoma Indian Reservation occupying 94 square miles and lying 65 miles southwest of Albuquerque, NM, has a total population of 2,512.<sup>1</sup> Living conditions are somewhat primitive. The homes are constructed from rock and adobe in the typical Pueblo Indian fashion. Electricity and plumbing are lacking in most areas of the reservation. However, two villages have electricity and plumbing facilities were installed in one village in 1966. The average working income per capita is $950 and 58% of the families have an annual income less than $3,000.1 The illegitimacy rate was 33% in 1965. The economy of the Acoma tribe is supported by sheep
An Evaluation of Blood-Transfusion Practices on a Surgical Service
Authors: John H. Morton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ONE of the great advances in surgical therapy during the past two decades has been the advent of the blood bank. Many major operations are undertaken routinely today that would be impossible if adequate supplies of whole blood were not available. Many victims of major trauma owe their lives to the rapid administration of large quantities of blood while surgeons controlled and corrected their injuries.However, the very availability of whole blood makes it easy for the surgeon today to order a transfusion without giving due thought to the indications for and the hazards associated with the administration of blood. . . .
NICE guidance differs, so where next?
Authors: R. Krishnadas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Eyding and colleagues claim that reboxetine is an ineffective and potentially harmful antidepressant, and call for the mandatory publication of trial data to exclude publication bias.1

The updated guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) suggest that strong evidence favours reboxetine over placebo in achieving a response or …
Imaging in Acute Pyogenic Spondylitis
Authors: Bruce K. Adams, Inas Youssef, El-Fatih Ahmed El-Tom
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 51-year-old woman who was receiving 7.5 mg prednisone daily for sarcoidosis presented with low backache on the right side, fever, and chills 2 weeks after dental surgery. Examination revealed lower lumbar tenderness and restricted movement. Blood cultures grew Streptococcus viridans but echocardiography failed repeatedly to demonstrate any evidence of infective endocarditis. Skeletal scintigraphy, including a pinhole image, revealed abnormal uptake in L5. Computed tomography (CT) showed a lytic lesion in the body of L5 and Tc-99m ciprofloxacin (Infecton) imaging demonstrated increased uptake in the lower lumbar region on the right. After several weeks of antibiotic therapy, the patient became afebrile and pain-free.
The Use of Videoendoscopy in the Study of Fluorescence
Authors: P. Spinelli, P. Block, M. Dal Fante
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

Diagnosis of malignancies by means of fluorescence detection is effected, at present, using fiberoptic endoscopes. Difficulties in the detection of fluorescence arise from the low fluorescent efficiency of the most widely used drug (hematoporphyrin derivative), and from the loss of intensity of the signal within the fiberoptic bundles and the ocular lens of the fiberendoscope. The electronic video-endoscope, carrying a microchip camera at its tip, permits a more sensitive detection of fluorescence, since the signal is drawn directly from the cavities. Furthermore the electronic image, stored in a computer, can be manipulated to produce a more enhanced contrast between the fluorescence of normal and malignant tissues. An example of electronic manipulation would be the subtraction of the image obtained under green light excitation from that obtained under violet light excitation.
Evaluation of the QA interval as an index of cardiac contractility in anaesthetised dogs: responses to changes in cardiac loading and heart rate
Authors: D. CAMBRIDGE, M. V WHITING
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

The response of a simple systolic time interval, the interval between the Q wave and the onset of the aortic blood pressure pulse (the QA interval), to changes in cardiac contractility, cardiac loading, and heart rate was evaluated in anaesthetised open chest dogs. The QA interval was found to be sensitive to increases in cardiac contractility, being reduced (maximum reduction 33.7(1.5) ms) in a dose related manner by infusions of isoprenaline, but was unaffected by reductions in cardiac loading (maximum reduction in diastolic blood pressure 39.7(5.9) mmHg), induced by infusion of sodium nitroprusside, or changes in heart rate (125 to 275 beats·min−1), induced by cardiac pacing. This contrasted with the response of a simultaneous alternative measurement of cardiac contractility, the maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (LVdP/dtmax). Like the QA interval, LVdP/dtmax was also found to be sensitive to increased cardiac contractility (maximum increase 3583(401) mmHg·s−1) and was unaffected by changes in heart rate. Unlike the QA interval, however, LVdP/dtmax was consistently reduced (maximum reduction 1146(200) mmHg·s−1), in a dose related manner, by reductions in cardiac loading. The simplicity of the QA interval and its apparently selective response to changes in cardiac contractility suggests that this index could find a wider application in experimental and clinical settings.