tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of angioplasty-induced endothelial denudation compared with medial injury on regional coronary blood flow.
Authors: E R Bates, M J McGillem, T F Beals, S F DeBoe, J K Mikelson, G B Mancini, R A Vogel
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To determine the effect of angioplasty-induced arterial injury on regional coronary blood flow, resting and postocclusion reactive hyperemic flows were measured in the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (LCx) coronary arteries of 32 dogs after one of four interventions in the LAD with a balloon angioplasty catheter: group A, no injury; group B, endothelial denudation; group C, medial injury; group D, pretreatment with 325 mg of aspirin 2 hr before medial injury. Resting flows did not change in any group. In group C, hyperemic flow decreased in both the LAD and LCx by 15% to 20% (p less than .001) over 30 to 90 min, suggesting that a circulating substance changed coronary resistance. Histologic and ultrastructural studies of the LADs demonstrated an intact endothelial cell layer in group A, endothelial disruption with a few adherent platelets in group B, medial injury with a dense layer of adherent platelets in group C, and medial injury with a few adherent platelets in group D. Thus endothelial denudation results in relatively mild platelet deposition and no change in resting or hyperemic coronary blood flow. In contrast, medial injury results in relatively marked platelet deposition and a significant decrease in hyperemic flow, both of which are prevented by platelet inhibition with aspirin.
ON THE TRANSPLANTATION OF THE GUINEA PIG SUPRARENAL AND THE FUNCTIONING OF THE GRAFTS
Authors: Henry L. Jaffe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. The suprarenal cortex of the guinea pig can be transplanted autoplastically into the abdominal wall and may remain for months, growing to fairly large size. 2. The suprarenal cortex of the guinea pig can be transplanted homoplastically but these transplants usually degenerate after a few months. 3. Small autoplastic transplants are capable of maintaining the life of a completely suprarenalectomized guinea pig for weeks and large transplants maintain the animal indefinitely in good condition. 4. Irritation phenomena follow the grafting of suprarenal cortex due to the entrance of epinephrine into this tissue during the manipulation involved in removal of the gland.
Signal pathway involved in the development of hypoxic preconditioning in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Rita Carini, Maria Grazia De Cesaris, Roberta Splendore, Daria Vay, Cinzia Domenicotti, Maria Paola Nitti, Dimitri Paola, Maria Adelaide Pronzato, Emanuele Albano
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Ischemic preconditioning improves liver resistance to hypoxia and reduces reperfusion injury following transplantation. However, the intracellular signals that mediate the development of liver hypoxic preconditioning are largely unknown. We have investigated the signal pathway leading to preconditioning in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were preconditioned by 10–minute incubation under hypoxic conditions followed by 10 minutes of reoxygenation and subsequently exposed to 90 minutes of hypoxia. Preconditioning reduced hepatocyte killing by hypoxia by about 35%. A similar protection was also obtained by preincubation with chloro–adenosine or with A 2A –adenosine receptor agonist CGS21680, whereas A 1 –adenosine receptor agonist N–phenyl–isopropyladenosine (R–PIA) was inactive. Conversely, the development of preconditioning was blocked by A 2 –receptor antagonist 3,7–dimethyl–1–propargylxanthine (DMPX), but not by A 1 –receptor antagonist 8–cyclopenthyl–1,3–dipropylxanthine (DPCPX). In either preconditioned or CGS21680–treated hepatocytes a selective activation of δ and ε protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms was also evident. Inhibition of heterotrimeric G i protein or of phospholypase C by, respectively, pertussis toxin or U73122, prevented PKC activation as well as the development of preconditioning. MEK inhibitor PD98509 did not interfere with preconditioning that was instead blocked by p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580. The direct activation of p38 MAPK by anisomycin A mimicked the protection against hypoxic injury given by preconditioning. Consistently, an increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was observed in preconditioned or CGS21680–treated hepatocytes, and this effect was abolished by PKC–blocker, chelerythrine. We propose that a signal pathway involving A 2A –adenosine receptors, G i –proteins, phospholypase C, δ– and ε–PKCs, and p38 MAPK, is responsible for the development of liver ischemic preconditioning.
The European Skin Cancer Foundation
Authors: Birgit Hinrichs, Helmut Kerl, Markus Heuel, Wolfram Sterry, Eggert Stockfleth
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

The incidence of skin cancer has been increasing in all European countries for many decades. Currently, skin cancer is the most frequent malignancy among Caucasians.1 The morbidity of skin cancer and the associated health burden is immense. Due to an increasingly older population and with a limited availability of dermatologists, more general practitioners will have to be involved in the care of skin cancer patients, especially those with non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).2 NMSC, i.e. basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, as well as actinic keratosis, a premalignant skin lesion, occur predominantly on sun exposed areas. Repetitive surgical procedures can cause morbidity for the patients and high costs for the health care system.3 With the rise of skin cancer incidence and diverse treatment algorithms in different countries in Europe, the European Skin Cancer Foundation (ESCF) was founded in 2008. The ESCF aims to promote skin cancer awareness and knowledge in different target groups. Health care officials and politicians as well as the general population will be addressed by education campaigns in order to enhance their knowledge with regard to skin cancer and the associated costs for the health care systems. Dermatologists and general practitioners will be trained on all aspects of skin cancer, including risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, enabling them, especially the general practitioners, to perform regular skin cancer screenings and treatment of skin cancer in early stages. For a short overview of the objectives and activities of the ESCF, see Table 1.
Many climate change scientists do not agree that global warming is happening
Authors: G. Gardner
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Many climate change scientists do not agree that global warming is happeningEditor-The apocalyptic tone that Smith adopted in relation to the environment bears little relation to reality. 1 In his editorial Smith asserts, "virtually all scientists agree that global warming is happening."Global warming is now joining the list of "what everyone knows."Whether most scientists outside climatology believe that global warming is happening is less relevant than whether the climatologists do.A letter signed by over 50 leading members of the American Meteorological Society warned about the policies promoted by environmental pressure groups."The policy initiatives derive from highly uncertain scientific theories.They are based on the unsupported assumption that catastrophic global warming follows from the burning of fossil fuel and requires immediate action.We do not agree." 2 Those who have signed the letter represent the overwhelming majority of climate change scientists in the United States, of whom there are about 60.McMichael and Haines quote the 1995 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which is widely believed to "prove" that climate change induced by humans has occurred. 3 The original draft document did not say this.What happened was that the policymakers' summary (which became the "take home message" for politicians) altered the conclusions of the scientists.This led Dr Frederick Seitz, former head of the United States National Academy of Sciences, to write, "In more than sixty years as a member of the American scientific community . . .I have never witnessed a more disturbing corruption of the peer-review process than the events that led to this IPCC report." 4 Policymaking should be guided by proved fact, not speculation.Most members of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change believe that current climate models do not accurately portray the atmosphereocean system.Measurements made by means of satellites show no global warming but a cooling of 0.13°C between 1979 and 1994. 5Furthermore, since the theory of global warming assumes maximum warming at the poles, why have average temperatures in the Arctic dropped by 0.88°C over the past 50 years? 5
Colonoscopic Polypectomy in Patients with Bleeding Disorders
Authors: D. Weissman, A. Asher Kornbluth, V. V. Gumaste, J. D. Waye, P. B. Dave, L. Aledort
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

See also: Comment on the letter to the Editor of Weissmann D et al. in Endoscopy 1991; 23: 354-355.Endoscopy 1993; 25(02): 191-191DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010284
Experimental Pulmonary Reimplantation
Authors: K. M. Shaw, N. A. Burton
Journal: Thorax (1964)

During the course of an investigation of the effects of total pulmonary denervation, it was decided that nothing short of pneumonectomy and re- implantation of the lung would provide unequivo- cal evidence of total denervation.It was appre- ciated that the consequent interruption of the bronchial arterial supply to, and of the lymphatic drainage from, the lung might introduce factors
Acute Hallucinosis as a Complication of Addiction to Amphetamine Sulfate
Authors: Jacob Norman, John T. Shea
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

AMPHETAMINE (Benzedrine) sulfate has been widely used in recent years in the treatment of chronic alcoholism,1 with or without psychosis, of narcolepsy and of depression, because of its stimulating action on the central nervous system. Its therapeutic action is to enhance mental activity and increase ability to concentrate; it lessens the feeling of fatigue and elevates the mood.The toxic effect of amphetamine sulfate varies a great deal in different persons.2 Small doses may produce alarming symptoms, whereas it is reported that large doses taken over a period of years for narcolepsy have produced no apparent ill effects.Apfelberg3 reported . . .
Here we go again: repeating implementation errors
Authors: D. W Light
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The current reforms of the English NHS are being carefully watched in Eastern and Western Europe, parts of Latin America and Asia, and in former Commonwealth nations, because they aim to develop the concept of a “primary care led health service” more fully than has ever been realised before. Building on the transformation of the NHS from an administered to a commissioned service, the Labour reforms reject the costly, inequitable, and demoralising policies of competition and advocate sweeping changes based on cooperation. They call for bringing together formerly autonomous general practitioners into large groups, having them integrate their services with community health and social services, having them develop community-wide plans for health improvement, and devolving nearly the entire budget into their hands.

While these and other parts of Labour's grand plan are much better thought out than the Conservative reforms, some of the same mistakes of implementation are being repeated. As an excellent analysis of the current reforms warns, “If we have learned anything from the 1991 reforms … it is that implementation is all.”1

#### Summary points

The NHS reforms are promising, but some mistakes of implementation by the last government are being repeated by this one

Primary care groups, like health authorities in the 1990s, lack the resources, latitude, and incentives to commission effectively

Primary care groups will be taking on greater proportions of healthcare services but are not in line for greater proportions of the budget

The reforms embody conflicting models of governance—hierarchical control versus devolved commissioning—with doctors and nurses caught in the crossfire

Integrating primary, community, and social services and commissioning them effectively is the first order of business

Health authorities have major new responsibilities on top of the old ones and need to be strengthened

Good ideas and design can be ruined if the agents of implementation …
Evaluation of the gonadotropic responsiveness of the pituitary to acute and prolonged administration of hormone (LHRH) in untreated patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Bernardo L. Wajchenberg, Heidi Pinto, Setsuko S. Achando, Takeko S. Kiyan, Helena Okada, Jayme Goldman, Roberto T.B. Betti, Bernardo Liberman, Ivone Lo Grandjean Thomsen
Journal: Metabolism (1981)
A large family from Argentina with Prekallikrein deficiency due to a compound heterozygosis (T insertion in intron 7 and Asp558Glu in exon 15): Prekallikrein Cordoba
Authors: Antonio Girolami, Sebastian Marun, Silvia Vettore, Gilda Scaliter, Angelica Molina, Pamela Scarparo, Aldo Tabares, Anna Maria Lombardi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Misdiagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis as hyperventilation syndrome
Authors: C. Garratt
Journal: BMJ (1987)

are trained in NHS hospitals, and so the future of the service depends on those institutions maintain- ing high standards.At present less than 10% of the cost of the NHS comes from the health insurance deduction on each employee's pay slip, while 74% is paid for by general taxation.It is hardly realistic to expect any political party to be able to divert much more of taxpayers' money into the NHS.As no one questions the need to take out ample health insurance when holidaying abroad it is reasonable to believe that there would be general under- standing of legislation that required those earning more than a subsistence wage to make a weekly subvention to a specific NHS insurance fund, which could be deducted from the weekly pay cheque without further expense.Such a scheme, which could transform the funding of the NHS, has presumably been con- sidered and rejected by politicians who fear that it would prove to be a considerable electoral liability.Perhaps the time has come for the composers of party manifestos to reassess the value that the public places on the promotion of a good national health service and to tap the support that I believe exists.
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase-α1 Deficiency Selectively Inhibits the Pulmonary Vasodilator Response to Nitric Oxide and Increases the Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Response to Chronic Hypoxia
Authors: Pieter Vermeersch, Emmanuel Buys, Peter Pokreisz, Glenn Marsboom, Fumito Ichinose, Patrick Sips, Marijke Pellens, Hilde Gillijns, Marc Swinnen, Amanda Graveline, Desire Collen, Mieke Dewerchin, Peter Brouckaert, Kenneth D. Bloch, Stefan Janssens
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Nitric oxide (NO) activates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heterodimer composed of alpha- and beta-subunits, to produce cGMP. NO reduces pulmonary vascular remodeling, but the role of sGC in vascular responses to acute and chronic hypoxia remains incompletely elucidated. We therefore studied pulmonary vascular responses to acute and chronic hypoxia in wild-type (WT) mice and mice with a nonfunctional alpha1-subunit (sGCalpha1-/-).sGCalpha1-/- mice had significantly reduced lung sGC activity and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation. Right ventricular systolic pressure did not differ between genotypes at baseline and increased similarly in WT (22+/-2 to 34+/-2 mm Hg) and sGCalpha1-/- (23+/-2 to 34+/-1 mm Hg) mice in response to acute hypoxia. Inhaled NO (40 ppm) blunted the increase in right ventricular systolic pressure in WT mice (22+/-2 to 24+/-2 mm Hg, P<0.01 versus hypoxia without NO) but not in sGCalpha1-/- mice (22+/-1 to 33+/-1 mm Hg) and was accompanied by a significant rise in lung cGMP content only in WT mice. In contrast, the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (1.5 mg/kg) decreased systemic blood pressure similarly in awake WT and sGCalpha1-/- mice as measured by telemetry (-37+/-2 versus -42+/-4 mm Hg). After 3 weeks of hypoxia, the increases in right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and muscularization of intra-acinar pulmonary vessels were 43%, 135%, and 46% greater, respectively, in sGCalpha1-/- than in WT mice (P<0.01). Increased remodeling in sGCalpha1-/- mice was associated with an increased frequency of 5'-bromo-deoxyuridine-positive vessels after 1 and 3 weeks (P<0.01 versus WT).Deficiency of sGCalpha1 does not alter hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. sGCalpha1 is essential for NO-mediated pulmonary vasodilation and limits chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling.
Individualized treatment strategy according to early viral kinetics in hepatitis C virus type 1-infected patients
Authors: Thomas Berg, Viola Weich, Gerlinde Teuber, Hartwig Klinker, Bernd Möller, Jens Rasenack, Holger Hinrichsen, Tilman Gerlach, Ulrich Spengler, Peter Buggisch, Heike Balk, Myrga Zankel, Konrad Neumann, Christoph Sarrazin, Stefan Zeuzem
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Individualized treatment on the basis of early viral kinetics has been discussed to optimize antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Individually tailored reduction in treatment duration in HCV type 1–infected patients represents one possible strategy. Four hundred thirty-three patients were randomly assigned to receive either 1.5 μg/kg peginterferon alfa-2b weekly plus 800-1,400 mg ribavirin daily for 48 weeks (n = 225, group A) or an individually tailored treatment duration (18-48 weeks; n = 208, group B). In the latter group, treatment duration was calculated using the time required to induce HCV RNA negativity (branched DNA [bDNA] assay; sensitivity limit, 615 IU/mL) multiplied by the factor 6. All bDNA negative samples were retested with the more sensitive transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay (sensitivity limit, 5.3 IU/mL). Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates were significantly lower in group B (34.6% versus 48.0% [P = 0.005]) due to higher relapse rates (32.7% versus 14.2% [P< 0.0005]). Important predictors of response were the levels of baseline viremia as well as the time to TMA negativity on treatment. Taking the simultaneous presence of low baseline viral load (<800,000 IU/mL) and a negative TMA test within the first 4 weeks as predictors for treatment response, SVR rates were comparable between both treatment schedules with an SVR probability of >80% obtained in patients treated for only 18 or 24 weeks. Conclusion: The individualized treatment strategy according to time to bDNA negativity failed to provide comparable efficacy compared with the standard of care. The inferiority of the individualized protocol may be explained by the use of a less sensitive HCV RNA assay, and also by underestimation of the importance of baseline viremia. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
First report on autochthonous urease-positive Trichophyton rubrum (T. raubitschekii) from South-east Europe
Authors: M. Arabatzis, A. Velegraki, T. Kantardjiev, V. Stavrakieva, D. Rigopoulos, A. Katsambas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Trichophyton raubitschekii is a dermatophyte belonging to the T. rubrum complex and is differentiated principally by its positive urease activity and production of profuse macroconidia and microconidia in culture. It is classically isolated from African, South-east Asian and Australian aboriginal patients with tinea corporis or tinea cruris.This study was undertaken to screen Greek and Bulgarian clinical isolates identified as T. rubrum for T. raubitschekii and to delineate these strains by two molecular methods used for the first time in T. rubrum epidemiological studies.Ninety-five Greek and 10 Bulgarian strains, originating from various body sites, initially identified as T. rubrum, were screened for urease activity. The biochemical properties and morphology of the urease-positive strains were determined. Strains were delineated with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-ribotyping amplifying repeat elements of the intergenic spacer region and by PCR fingerprinting.Five Greek and one Bulgarian T. raubitschekii strains were identified comprising isolates from patients with tinea manuum (one), tinea corporis (one), tinea cruris (one) and tinea unguium (three). Only one strain had the classical T. raubitschekii microscopic morphology, whereas the remaining five presented a dominant arthroconidial phenotype. Both typing methods clustered all T. raubitschekii and T. rubrum isolates together in the same group, indicating strain homogeneity in the genetic regions examined.The reported isolation of T. raubitschekii in the Balkan and South-eastern Mediterranean regions extends the geographical distribution of this species. As the more primitive T. raubitschekii probably represents the parental population of T. rubrum, the Greek and Bulgarian T. raubitschekii strains could represent a remnant of the T. rubrum spread that took place after the First World War, rather than being a recent epidemiological event.
Familial Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis Resulting in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: David Langleben
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

We describe the first cases of familial pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, a disorder in which capillaries in the lungs proliferate. Three siblings died from primary pulmonary hypertension. One developed pulmonary congestion preterminally after vasodilator treatment. The inheritance pattern seems autosomal recessive. Lung specimens obtained in two siblings showed extensive pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, with normal capillaries proliferating into veins and alveoli. Including our patients, four of the nine patients with pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis have presented with the clinical picture of primary pulmonary hypertension. Thus, pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis should be considered as a histologic pattern of primary pulmonary hypertension. Most other cases of pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis have been similar to pulmonary venoocclusive disease. Recently, disorders involving the proliferation of cytologically normal capillaries have been termed angiogenic diseases. Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis may be an angiogenic disease.
Tobacco in Hospitals
Authors: Earl J. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Following the article by Ho, 1 we conducted a telephone survey of hospital administrators in the state of Georgia regarding their individual hospital policies for tobacco use and sales. Of the 185 Georgia hospitals, 141 were successfully contacted, and 135 of the administrators agreed to respond (73% of all Georgia hospitals). Sixty-nine percent of the responding hospitals were accredited by the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH).  Ninety percent of the responding hospitals had established written cigarette and tobacco use policies. Seventy-six percent of hospital administrators were aware of the American Medical Association's recommendations and the JCAH regulations concerning tobacco use. 2,3 However, 16% of the administrators at JCAH-accredited institutions had no knowledge of the JCAH smoking regulations and 7% had not established written policies. Ninety-seven percent of those hospitals with written policies stated that their policies were enforced. Nursing staffs were primarily responsible for