tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol nucleation-influencing activity in t-tube bile
Authors: Albert K. Groen, Jan P. J. Stout, Jan A. G. Drapers, Frans J. Hoek, Rob Grijm, Guido N. J. Tytgat
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Nucleation-influencing activity was determined in T-tube bile samples derived from patients with obstructive jaundice. Since native T-tube bile samples do not nucleate, nucleation-influencing activity was determined by measuring the influence of T-tube bile on the nucleation time of model bile. In the assay, T-tube bile was mixed with model bile, and the nucleation time of this mixture was compared with the nucleation time of a model bile supplemented with the same amount of lipid as present in the bile sample. The results were expressed as ratio of the nucleation time of the mixture and the nucleation time of the control (NTm/NTc). There was a significant difference (p less than 0.01) between bile samples from patients with cholesterol gallstones and samples from patients with biliary obstruction due to other causes. More than 80% of the 33 samples from eight patients with stones were nucleation-promoting (NTm/NTc less than or equal to 0.6). Of the 40 bile samples from patients without stones, 7 were nucleation-promoting, 25 had no effect (NTm/NTc = 0.8 to 1.2) and 8 bile samples were nucleation-inhibiting (NTm/NTc greater than or equal to 1.4). There was no correlation between the lipid or protein content of a T-tube bile sample and its nucleation-influencing activity. The presence of both nucleation-promoting and nucleation-inhibiting activity in the same T-tube bile was demonstrated by chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. More than 75% of the biliary protein did not bind to the column. This fraction showed nucleation-inhibiting activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A multi-center phase II study of three doses of TAS-108 in postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma following first or second line endocrine therapy.
Authors: A Buzdar, E Tan-Chiu, L Schwartzberg, A Perez, M Ellis, A Garin, J Ingle, R Carlson
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2131 Introduction: TAS-108 is an oral steroidal anti-estrogen agent that selectively inhibits ERα and is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of TAS-108 administrated orally in three dose levels in patients with locally advanced, locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic breast carcinoma (BC) in four countries (USA, Russia, Mexico and Chile).&amp;#x2028; Methods: Postmenopausal women with confirmed ER and/or PgR positive BC who had previously responded to one or two standard endocrine therapies, with or without one prior chemotherapy were randomly assigned to three doses of TAS-108, 40 mg, 80 and 120 mg daily. Using a modified Panageas' optimal two-stage trinomial design, the enrollment of 60 evaluable patients (first-stage: 19) was required to each individual dose group. Tumor response was assessed every 8 weeks according to RECIST criteria. Adverse events (AEs) were graded by CTC-AE v3.0.&amp;#x2028; Results: A total of 146 patients with mean age of 63 years old were enrolled with 61 patients in the 40 mg group and 66 in the 80 mg group. The 120 mg group was terminated at the end of stage 1 with 19 patients enrolled due to lack of efficacy. The mean duration of study treatment was 172 days for the 40 mg group and 160 days for the 80 mg group. Partial response (PR) was documented in 6 (10%) patients in the 40 mg group and 4 (6.7%) patients in the 80 mg group. The rate of disease stabilization (CR+PR+SD) reported by the investigators was 43% (95%CI, 31%,56%) in the 40 mg group and 45% (95%CI, 32%,58%) in the 80 mg group. Adjudicated clinical benefit (CR+PR+SD more than 24 wks) was observed in 22% of patients in the 40 mg group and 20% of patients in the 80 mg group. Clinical benefit was achieved in 25% of patients with 1 prior hormonal therapy and 15% of patients with more than one line of prior hormonal therapy. Median time to progression (TTP): 15 weeks for the 40 mg group and 15.9 weeks for the 80 mg group. Median duration of clinical benefit was 32 weeks in the 40 mg group and 64 weeks in the 80 mg group. In the 40/80/120 mg groups, the commonly reported treatment-related AEs included nausea (15%/11%/16%), fatigue (10%/11%/16%), headache (10%/6%/16%), hot flushes (10%/5%/32%), diarrhea (2%/6%/5%), constipation (3%/3%/5%), and arthralgia (2%/5%/11%). No endometrial cancer and treatment-related deaths occurred during the study.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: TAS-108 has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in this population and was generally well tolerated. The 40 mg dose was chosen as the recommended dose for future clinical evaluation in patients with advanced breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2131.
REPRODUCIBILITY OF HEART TO MEDIASTINUM RATIO ON 123IODINE-META-IODOBENZYLGUANIDINE (123I-MIBG) MYOCARDIAL SCINTIGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Caroline E. Veltman, J.M.J. Boogers, J.E. Meinardi, B.J. van der Veen, P. Dibbets-Schneider, I. Al Younis, Ernst van der Wall, Jeroen Bax, Arthur Scholte
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Is Diet the Cornerstone in Management of Diabetes?
Authors: Francis C. Wood, Edwin L. Bierman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Dietary management of diabetes mellitus is stressed in current textbooks and articles on treatment of the disease. Diet in diabetes has had a distinguished, controversial, 3500-year history,1 and through the years, tradition, as opposed to scientific evidence, has had a remarkable influence on the prescription of dietary therapy for diabetes.In 1973 Kelly West2 first called attention to the fact that patients with diabetes rarely understand and follow their prescribed diets. He suggested that much of our effort at dietary counseling for these patients was "ineffective and wasteful," and he urged the development of more effective approaches.In 1983 Frank . . .
Laboratory procedures: their clinical significance. Urinalysis
Authors: D. S. Kushner
Journal: JAMA (1966)

From the days of the Babylonian physicians (4000 BC), analysis of urine has been regarded as an essential part of the examination of the patient.<sup>1</sup>When properly performed, urinalysis may generate much useful, even critical, information. The recent introduction of simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable chemical methods for detection of protein, glucose, and perhaps bacteria permits mass urinalysis in the screening of large populations for latent disease.<sup>2</sup>A slight trace of protein or sugar in the urine may be the only clue to serious renal or systemic disease.<sup>3</sup> The physician himself should examine the urine for any abnormalities, particularly in patients with suspect or overt renal disease. He must insist on adherence to common but much neglected principles in the collection of the specimen. The concentrated, first-morning specimen, if examined fresh, provides maximal opportunity for observation of formed elements, minimizing their lysis. Properly performed "catch" or midstream
Balancing benefits and harms in health care: Summary of webchat
Authors: Birte Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A webchat on the benefits and harms issue took place on 8 July 2004.1 The editors of the theme issue began by raising several topics for discussion.

1.  Should complementary and alternative medicine have featured as much as other aspects? Would their recognition improve evidence about their benefits and harms?

2.  How will the European Trials Directive affect trials focusing on the safety of treatments?

3.  Has anyone tried to report adverse effects in a developing country?

4.  What is the role of consumers (patients) in determining an acceptable ratio of benefit to harm?

5.  Should vulnerable populations in whom drugs are not licensed such as pregnant women, children, and elderly people be considered?

The topic that dominated the …
Increased sensitivity to K+ deprivation in colonic H,K-ATPase-deficient mice.
Authors: P Meneton, P J Schultheis, J Greeb, M L Nieman, L H Liu, L L Clarke, J J Duffy, T Doetschman, J N Lorenz, G E Shull
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Previous studies using isolated tissues suggest that the colonic H, K-ATPase (cHKA), expressed in the colon and kidney, plays an important role in K+ conservation. To test the role of this pump in K+ homeostasis in vivo, we generated a cHKA-deficient mouse and analyzed its ability to retain K+ when fed a control or K+-free diet. When maintained on a control diet, homozygous mutant (cHKA-/-) mice exhibited no deficit in K+ homeostasis compared to wild-type (cHKA+/+ greater, similar mice. Although fecal K+ excretion in cHKA-/- mice was double that of cHKA+/+ mice, fecal K+ losses were low compared with urinary K+ excretion, which was similar in both groups. When maintained on a K+-free diet for 18 d, urinary K+ excretion dropped over 100-fold, and to similar levels, in both cHKA-/- and cHKA+/+ mice; fecal K+ excretion was reduced in both groups, but losses were fourfold greater in cHKA-/- than in cHKA+/+ mice. Because of the excess loss of K+ in the colon, cHKA-/- mice exhibited lower plasma and muscle K+ than cHKA+/+ mice. In addition, cHKA-/- mice lost twice as much body weight as cHKA+/+ mice. These results demonstrate that, during K+ deprivation, cHKA plays a critical role in the maintenance of K+ homeostasis in vivo.
"ROENTGEN RAYS AND STERILITY"
Authors: Lydia Allen DeVilbiss
Journal: JAMA (1922)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I wish to call attention to an editorial comment with this title inThe Journal, Nov. 11, 1922, p. 1692. I am familiar with Dr. Hooker's work. It is admirable so far as it goes. But this comment is likely to be misleading, and may tempt some physician to use the roentgen ray for sterilization purposes. Recently I have seen the work along similar lines of Prof. C. C. Little, formerly of the Carnegie Institution, and now of the University of Maine. He gave mice one fifth of an erythemal dose on five successive days and watched the results to the fifth generation. The first generation were apparently normal; but with the second and continuing down to the fifth, various anomalies began to appear, such as blindness in one eye, and deformities of the ears, jaws and feet. No report of this work has as yet been
Book: The Last Resort: Psychosurgery and the Limits of Medicine
Authors: G. Gillett
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Cambridge University Press, £40, pp 572 ISBN 0 521 35371 8 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Psychosurgery forms an intriguing chapter in 20th century medicine that involved an alliance between psychiatrists, neurosurgeons, and neuroscientists in an attempt to help a desperate group of patients. Its rise and fall is an exemplary tale that reveals the scientific and intellectual status of clinical science. For that reason it is of interest far beyond the bounds of the specialties concerned. Jack Pressman tells this tale with a blend of historical ability and acumen that preserves … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
1101-43 Longitudinal vessel remodeling pattern following sirolimus-eluting stent implantation: Analysis of vessel integrity throughout target segment
Authors: Hideaki Kaneda, Junya Ako, Yasuhiro Honda, Ryota Sakurai, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Shinjo Sonoda, Yoshihisa Shimada, Yoshihiro Morino, Paul G Yock, Martin B Leon, Jeffrey W Moses, Peter J Fitzgerald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Home peak flow meters.
Authors: A S Vathenen, N J Cooke
Journal: BMJ (1991)

As 1 April arrives simply calling for a return to the old ways or for more of the same will not do.The reforms may not address all the problems of the NHS, but they do improve our capacity to specify the quality of services and to price improvements.They also move rationing decisions away from the private domain of doctors into a more public arena.More public debate could have the entirely unintended effect of increasing the demands for more money for the NHS-which is about where we came in.4Regardless of whether these demands are heeded doctors must realise that the world has changed.They should be working to make the best of the changes.
Methadone Treatment Marks 40 Years
Authors: B. M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2005)

FORTY YEARS AND COUNTLESS POlitical firestorms after it was first introduced, methadone maintenance for the treatment of opioid addiction remains a standard therapy in the field of addiction treatment. The publication on August 23, 1965, of positive results from a small clinical trial of methadone as a treatment for heroin addiction in JAMA marked a sea change in the treatment of addiction (Dole and Nyswander. JAMA. 1965; 193:646-650). The study, conducted at Rockefeller University in New York City by Vincent P. Dole, MD, and the late Marie E. Nyswander, MD, suggested that a medication could be used to control the cravings and withdrawal that often lead to relapse in individuals with opioid addiction who attempt to quit. The work, along with subsequent research by Dole, an endocrinologist, Nyswander, a psychiatrist, and colleagues established the concept of opioid addiction as a chronic disease, similar to diabetes, that as such required long-term treatment. The researchers also emphasized the need for psychotherapy in combination with methadone treatment. The research has had a tremendous impact on the treatment of individuals addicted to opioids and on the larger field of addiction treatment, said Thomas Kosten, MD, professor of psychiatry at Yale University, New Haven, Conn, in an interview. “It may be equivalent to the kind of impact penicillin had on infectious diseases,” Kosten said. Mary Jeanne Kreek, MD, who was a resident in internal medicine working in the Dole laboratory in 1965 and is now head of the Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases at Rockefeller University, explained that work conducted by the group in 1964 and published in 1966 established that methadone blocked the effects of heroin and stabilized patients, who prior to treatment oscillated between feeling
Nickel Dermatitis Hazards From Prostheses
Authors: M.H. Samitz
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Two letters relating to this subject were published recently inThe Journal.<sup>1,2</sup>The following comments are pertinent to this problem. Barranco and Soloman<sup>1</sup>reported a case of eczematous dermatitis from internal exposure to nickel from a stainless steel screw in the patella. (Nickel sensitivity was demonstrated by patch testing: pure nickel, 3% nickel sulfate, and pieces of the stainless steel screw gave positive results; test results were negative with metallic salts such as potassium dichromate, cobalt sulfate, and mercuric chloride.) The stainless steel contained 14% nickel. Following removal of the screws, the dermatitis subsided within 72 hours. This would imply that nickel released from the stainless steel screws (a tenable thesis because Ferguson and co-workers<sup>3</sup>and Mears<sup>4</sup>have reported increased nickel concentrations in parenchymal tissues from implantation of stainless steel rods containing nickel) produced the allergic reaction. Fisher, on the other hand, rejected
A Tuberculin and X-ray Survey of a Group of Adolescent Boys: With Special Reference to Miniature Radiography
Authors: J. C. Gilchrist, S. H. Graham, T. W. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1942)

MIBRL JORNAL91containing so many staphylococci as perhaps to obscure streptococcus colonies in ordinary plates.Francis (1941) isolated haemolytic streptococci from 98 (32.7%) out of 300 specimens of wound pus on gentian violet blood agar, whereas on plain blood agar they were recovered from, only 68 (22.7%) of these.He also observed that diphtheroids, which are often very numerous in superficial wounds, were completely inhibited.The medium used in recent studies for both these purposes-I in 500,000 gentian violet blood agar-has been in use in my laboratory for ten years, and I have never seen any Gram-positive organism other than a streptococcus grow on it.The optimum concentration will vary somewhat with the amount of blood added, and may vary with different samples of the dye.It is important to secure a. goodone and verify its action: once identified it will last for years, since solutions are fairly stable and the quantity jused minute; 10 grammes of the dye would furnish a dozen plates a day for over a century.
Classification and comparison of oral contraceptives containing new generation progestogens
Authors: None Newton
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

New generation oral contraceptives containing desogestrel or gestodene, and possibly also norgestimate, are more or less similar with respect to contraceptive efficacy, cycle control and acceptability. They also show a more favourable metabolic profile in comparison with older preparations. The desogestrel-containing preparations Gracial® and Marvelon®, and possibly also the gestodene-containing preparation Gynera®, have demonstrated a good efficacy in well-controlled studies in the treatment of mild to moderate acne and/or hirsutism. There may be differences between new generation oral contraceptives with respect to their effects on metabolic variables like high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and sex hormone-binding globulin. These differences are most probably modulated by variations in both the pharmacokinetics and selectivity of the progestogenic components. Of particular relevance here may be the recent finding that –20% of administered norgestimate is metabolized into levonorgestrel. For use in clinical practice, it is of considerable help to have different preparations containing a range of oestrogen doses with the same progestogen. They allow the clinician to 'tailor make' the choice of oral contraceptives for those starting pill use or those switching to another combination due to symptomatology or changed circumstances, e.g. advancing age, smoking, etc. In this respect, desogestrel-containing oral contraceptives allow the most flexible approach.
Regional cerebral edema and chloride space in galactosamine-induced liver failure in rats
Authors: C D Gove, R D Hughes, R J Ede, R Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

ABSTRACT The pathogenesis of cerebral edema, which is a major complication of fulminant hepatic failure, is poorly understood. In previous studies, increased regional brain water content was observed in rats at an early stage of acute liver failure caused by galactosamine. At a later stage when the animals had developed deep coma, brain water content was reduced, possibly as a result of generalized dehydration. In the present investigation, we have determined brain water content at a late stage of liver failure, 48 hours after galactosamine, in animals that had been maintained in fluid balance by continuous intraperitoneal infusion of glucose solution. In these animals, brain water content, determined from the ratio of wet to dry weight, showed a greater increase than that observed previously at the early stage (hindbrain region [cerebellum, pons, and brain stem] increased by 4.2%; forebrain region increased by 1.4% compared with controls). Regional analysis of brain water, using a tissue–specific gravity method, showed a significant increase in cerebellar gray matter water content. Analysis of chloride space showed the extra fluid to be mainly extracellular in the hindbrain region, but not in the forebrain region. Ultrastructural examination of capillaries in gray matter from cerebellum and cerebrum showed no evidence of gross disruption of the tight junctions. Swelling of the astroglial foot processes was observed in the cerebellar gray matter. These results suggest that both vasogenic and cytotoxic mechanisms of edema formation occur in the brain during liver failure.
TCTAP A-035 Left Main Revascularization for Patients with Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction; Comparison of Outcome After PCI Versus CABG from ASAN-MAIN Registry
Authors: Min Su Kim, Se Hun Kang, Hee-soon Park, Byeong Joo Bae, Sang Soo Cheon, Jae Hyung Roh, Pil Hyung Lee, Mineok Chang, Hyun Woo Park, Sung Han Yoon, Jung-Min Ahn, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Glucagon-like Peptide 1–Based Drugs and Pancreatic Safety
Authors: Emanuel Raschi, Carlo Piccinni, Giulio Marchesini
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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Musical emotions in the context of narrative film
Authors: Matthew A. Bezdek, Richard J. Gerrig
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Juslin &amp; Västfjäll's (J&amp;V's) discussions of evaluative conditioning and episodic memory focus on circumstances in which music becomes associated with arbitrary life events. However, analyses of film music suggest that viewers experience consistent pairings between types of music and types of narrative content. Researchers have demonstrated that the emotional content of film music has a major impact on viewers' emotional experiences of a narrative.