tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED RONGEUR FOR MASTOID OPERATIONS
Authors: W. SOHIER BRYANT
Journal: JAMA (1910)

This large powerful rongeur saves a great deal of time in the mastoid operation, since it will morsel hard bone very rapidly. The tip of the mastoid process and the outer table of the mastoid are quickly bitten off. When it is necessary to remove a part of the calvarium entire, this instrument will morsel it with great rapidity and with very little jar. The leverage of the instrument permits the exertion of a tremendous force. The rongeur is strong enough to take out the bone rapidly with a minimum of muscular exertion. 41 East Thirty-third Street.
Anorexia Nervosa, Ipecac, and Sudden Death
Authors: RICHARD A. ROMIG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1985Anorexia Nervosa, Ipecac, and Sudden DeathRICHARD A. ROMIG, M.D.RICHARD A. ROMIG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-4-641_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Patient 2 in the article by Isner and associates (1) deserves special comment because she had been taking ipecac syrup daily for 4 months. Ipecac contains two potent cardiotoxins, cephaeline and emetine (2). These toxic alkaloids are cumulative and slowly excreted by unknown mechanisms. Emetine may prolong the QT interval, and both alkaloids may induce atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Sudden deaths have occurred in animals subjected to toxicity experiments (3). Fatal cardiotoxicity may occur in the absence of histopathologic findings by conventional light microscopy. The toxic alkaloids of ipecac can be considered potent direct-negative inotropic agents probably...References1. ISNERROBERTSHEYMSFIELDYAGER JWSJ. Anorexia nervosa and sudden death. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:49-52. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ROMIG R. The potential toxicity of ipecac [Letter]. Am J Psychiatry. 1984;141:1639. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. PEARCEBULLOCHMURPHY MRM. Selective damage of myocardial mitochondria due to emetine hydrochloride. Arch Pathol. 1971;91:8-18. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. ANDERSONLEAKE HC. The oral toxicity of emetine hydrochloride and certain related compounds in rabbits and cats. Am J Trop Med. 1930;10:249-59. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. ANDERSONREED HA. Untoward effects of anti-amebic drugs. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1934;14:269-81. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 301 W. Bastanchury Road Fullerton, CA 92635 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAnorexia nervosa and heart disease: a systematic reviewCardiac changes in anorexia nervosaPatients with an Eating DisorderHeart failure in anorexia nervosa: Case report and review of the literatureIpecac syrup abuse, morbidity, and mortality: Isn’t it time to repeal its over-the-counter status?Drugs used in non-orthodox medicine 1 October 1985Volume 103, Issue 4Page: 641-641KeywordsAlkaloidsAnorexia nervosaArrhythmiaLight microscopyToxicity Issue Published: 1 October 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Conversion of Endoscopic Nasobiliary Drainage to Internal Drainage by Means of Endoscopic Scissor Forceps
Authors: N. Uchida, T. Ezaki, H. Fukuma, K. Tsutsui, H. Kobara, M. H. Bang, M. Ogawa, K. Watanabe, M. Ono, A. Morishita, T. Ogi, H. Kamata, T. Masaki, S. Watanabe, S. Kuriyama
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) [1] may cause undue stress, such as pharyngeal discomfort, in some patients. We have developed a new method for conversion from external to internal drainage by cutting the external drainage tube with endoscopically employed scissor forceps, which were developed in collaboration by the authors and the Olympus Company (Tokyo, Japan). The forceps can cut a tube with a maximum diameter of 7-F, and are designed so that the ENBD tube can be held at the depressed portion with the blade almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube (Figure [1]). The external drainage tube is an Olympus nasal drainage tube (α-type pre-shaped, PBD-21Z).
Cessation of imatinib mesylate may lead to sustained hematologic and molecular remission in <i>FIP1L1‐PDGFRA‐</i>mutated hypereosinophilic syndrome
Authors: Grzegorz Helbig, Sławomira Kyrcz‐Krzemień
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Cessation of imatinib
Roles of Rho-Associated Kinase and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Aortic Stiffness
Authors: Kensuke Noma, Chikara Goto, Kenji Nishioka, Daisuke Jitsuiki, Takashi Umemura, Keiko Ueda, Masashi Kimura, Keigo Nakagawa, Tetsuya Oshima, Kazuaki Chayama, Masao Yoshizumi, James K. Liao, Yukihito Higashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Altered urinary bladder function in mice lacking the vanilloid receptor TRPV1
Authors: L.A. Birder, Y. Nakamura, S. Kiss, M.L. Nealen, S. Barrick, A.J. Kanai, E. Wang, G. Ruiz, W.C. de Groat, G. Apodaca, S. Watkins, M.J. Caterina
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2002)
Introduction to Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology
Authors: Thomas A. Fleisher
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Assays performed in the diagnostic immunology laboratory support the diagnosis and management of a wide spectrum of clinical conditions. This chapter reviews immunologic principles as they apply to diagnostic laboratory assays. Most of the determinations are based on well-established principles of antigenantibody reactions. Some of the specific areas discussed include flow cytometric analyses, critical in the care of patients with hematologic malignancies, with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or undergoing transplantation, and protein electrophoretic assays to identify the presence of monoclonal gammopathies. We also discuss the use of molecular techniques in the diagnosis of hematologic malignancies and primary immunodeficiencies, characterization of the major histocompatibility complex, and enumeration of viral burden.
Fire in an Oxygen-Powered Respirator
Authors: Carl W. Walter
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Fire, explosion, and electrocution become companions to patient care with increasing dependence on mechanical and electrical devices. The expertise with which each new item is introduced gradually yields to operation by superficially trained personnel as successful application makes the device indispensable. Complicated design, structure, and circuitry are not necessarily the components of disaster. Rather, appreciation of the context in which appliances are used, as an overriding criterion for design, is imperative for safety. Indeed, in the bizarre and near-fatal accident described here, equipment and furnishings were ordinary to any patient-care unit; security in their use was bred of familiarity rather than knowledge. A double room was plunged into darkness as an oxygen-powered respirator in use on a critically ill patient suddenly erupted sparks and thick, black, acrid smoke. The accident is reported in detail to warn of the hazards of fire, explosion, and electrocution that accompany the use of appliances.
Effect of Etilefrine in Preventing Syncopal Recurrence in Patients With Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: Antonio Raviele, Michele Brignole, Richard Sutton, Paolo Alboni, Paolo Giani, Carlo Menozzi, Angel Moya
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Etilefrine is an α-agonist agent with a potent vasoconstrictor effect, which is potentially useful in preventing vasovagal syncope by reducing venous pooling and/or by counteracting reflex arteriolar vasodilatation. The present multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of this drug for the long-term management of patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope. Methods and Results —In the 20 participating centers, 126 patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope (at least 3 episodes in the last 2 years) and a positive baseline head-up tilt response were randomly assigned to placebo (63 patients) or etilefrine at a dosage of 75 mg/d (63 patients) and were followed up for 1 year or until syncope recurred. The primary end-point of the study was the first recurrence of syncope. There were no differences between the 2 study groups in the patients’ baseline characteristics. During follow-up, the group treated with etilefrine had a similar incidence of first syncopal recurrence to that of placebo group both in the intention-to-treat analysis (24% versus 24%) and in on- treatment analysis (26% versus 24%). Moreover, the median time to the first syncopal recurrence did not significantly differ between the 2 study groups (106 days in the etilefrine arm and 112 days in the placebo arm). Conclusions —Oral etilefrine is not superior to placebo in preventing spontaneous episodes of vasovagal syncope. Randomized controlled studies are essential to assess the real usefulness of any proposed therapy for patients with vasovagal syncope.
HEAT A PREVENTIVE OF CHOLERA.Read in the Section on State Medicine, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: CHAS. H. SHEPARD
Journal: JAMA (1893)

While we hope by reason of good sanitation to escape the scourge of cholera this year, yet the bare possibility of its coming renders all matters of hygiene of supreme importance. Therefore, whatever may contribute to our welfare in that direction is at this particular time worthy of more than ordinary consideration. In order to thoroughly master any disease it is necessary to know somewhat of its characteristics. The home of cholera is in India, and it is there only by virtue of removable causes. The personal habits of the natives are cleanly, but they have no public water supply, and in the larger cities the only water they can obtain becomes polluted from their own excretions. It has been demonstrated that where pure water was furnished the inhabitants, as in Madras and Calcutta, the ravages of cholera were greatly reduced, and the same has been observed in other countries.
Intrinsic lidocaine affinity for Na channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes depends on α (hH1 vs. rSkM1) and β1 subunits
Authors: J Makielski
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: The affinity of lidocaine for the α-subunit of the Na channel has been reported to be greater for heart than for non-heart α-subunits, and also to be no different. Lidocaine block has a complex voltage dependence caused by a higher affinity for the inactivated state over the resting state. Inactivation kinetics, however, depend upon the α-subunit isoform and the presence of the auxiliary β1-subunit and will affect measures of block. Methods: We studied the voltage dependence of lidocaine block of Na currents by a two microelectrode voltage clamp in oocytes injected with RNA for the Na channel α-subunits of human heart (hH1a) or a rat skeletal muscle (rSkM1) alone, or coexpressed with the β1-subunit. Results: The midpoints of availability for a 25-s conditioning potential in control solutions were −65 mV for rSkM1, −50 for rSkM1+β1, −78 mV for hH1a and −76 for hH1a+β1. The Kd of tonic lidocaine block was measured at −90, −100, −110, −120 and −130 mV in the same oocytes. The apparent Kd for both isoforms ±β1 became greater with more negative holding potentials, but tended to reach different plateaus at −130 mV (Kd=2128 μM for rSkM1, 1760 μM for rSkM1+β1, 433 for hH1a, and 887 μM for hH1a+β1). Inactivated state affinities, assessed by fitting the shift in the Boltzmann midpoint of the availability relationship to the modulated receptor model, were 4 μM for rSkM1, 1 μM for rSkM1+β1, 7 μM for hH1a and 9 μM for hH1a+β1. Conclusion: The heart Na channel α-subunits expressed in oocytes have an intrinsically higher rest state affinity for lidocaine compared to rSkM1 after the voltage- and state dependence of block are considered. Coexpression with β1 modestly increased the rest affinity of lidocaine for rSkM1, but had the opposite effect for hH1a.
Abstract 2304: 2-DG inhibits of N-glycosylation in glioblastoma-derived cancer stem cells
Authors: Waldemar Priebe, Mark R. Emmett, Yongjie Ji, Izabela Fokt, Stanislaw Skora, Charles Conrad, Xu Wang, Alan G. Marshall
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are capable of unlimited self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. We have shown that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a known inhibitor of glycolysis, that is also a 2-deoxy-D-mannose can inhibits the growth of glioma-derived stem cells (GSC11) under normoxic conditions, and we hypothesize that 2-DG can affect D-glucose and D-mannose metabolism in glioblastoma derived cancer stem. Our studies showed that 2-DG affects formation of N-glycans by replacing D-mannose in glycosylation processes. We have synthesized 2-DG, D-glucose, and D-mannose labeled with deuterium at C-2 and C-6 and treated GSC11 cells with these monosaccharides to measure their effects on global N-glycan formation. Our results demonstrated that deuterium labeled 2-DG was incorporated into the N-glycans leading to the termination of the extension of oligosaccharide chain. Comparative glycomic analysis of control, 2-DG-treated, and D-mannose-rescued GSC11cells revealed a distinct modulation of the N-glycan profile. The levels of all types of N-glycans were decreased (by ∼4-fold) in 2-DG-treated GSC11 cells compared with control cells. In contrast, N-glycan synthesis in GSC11 cells could be rescued to almost “normal control” levels by adding exogenous D-mannose. D-Mannose rescue of 2-DG-treated GSC11 cells drastically reduced the incorporation of 2-DG into the N-glycans. These results indicate that 2-DG can interfere with biochemical transformations of D-mannose and that such interference might contribute to the overall antitumor effects of 2-DG. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2304. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2304
The Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

In 1952, Marc Daniels and Austin Bradford Hill (now Sir Austin) reported that streptomycin combined with para-aminosalicylic acid was more effective than bed rest, or the use of either drug alone, in the therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis in young adults.1 The patients participating in this trial, after they had been accepted on the basis of well defined criteria, were "randomly allocated to one of the treatment groups." So, according to A. L. Cochrane,2 the randomized clinical trial was launched and revealed as a practical means of applying the experimental method to clinical medicine.In spite of its availability for 20 . . .
The Administration of Sulphurous Acid in Typhoid Fever
Authors: G. Wilks
Journal: BMJ (1870)

hand, the lowest readings are nearly always in the warm and dry summer months.From these facts, as I have before ventured to observe,* it appears probable that a large amount of aqueous vapour in the air greatly facili- tates the formation and action of the scarlatina poison; and I believe, also, that this is especially the case when there are sudden fluctuations in the pressure of the atmosphere, as shown by the barometer; a dimi- nished pressure being favourable to the disease.Small-pox also displays two distinct epidemic waves ; the first occu- pying the early part of i863, and attaining a maximum in the week ending June 6th ; the second occurring in the winter of 1864, and con- tinuing throughout the first half of I865: its highest point was in the week ending November igth, I864.There was also a general increase in the prevalence of this complaint in I869 and 1870.This disease does not appear to be subject to any atmospheric influence.We can only say that, during the ten years observed, it was never high in the autumn.Measles is essentially a disease of winter and spring-never very high in the summer, except in the year i868, when it reaches its maximum in the week ending June 27th.It is also much less regular in its pro- gress than the two diseases first described.Dr. Muibry has recorded his opinion that measles in the temperate zone experiences no change with the temperature.Dr. Donnelly and Wilde remark its prevalence in spring; and, on the other hand, Sydenham classed it amongst epi- demics which set in early in January, and reach their height in March, then decline and disappear as midsummer approaches.
The rapid onset of multiple squamous cell carcinomas during etanercept treatment for psoriasis
Authors: L. Ly, D. Czarnecki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article The rapid onset of multiple squamous cell carcinomas during etanercept treatment for psoriasis Get access L. Ly, L. Ly The Repatriation Campus, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Czarnecki D. Czarnecki The Repatriation Campus, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia Correspondence: D. Czarnecki. E‐mail: dandsec@bigpond.net.au Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 5, 1 November 2007, Pages 1076–1078, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08182.x Published: 01 November 2007
Quantitative Studies on the Clearing Effect of Heparin
Authors: Harold B. Eiber
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE PLASMA turbidity in alimentary lipemia is probably due to the presence of certain amounts and types of visible lipid particles. The role heparin plays in the serum-transport phase of fat metabolism has been intensively studied. The fact that intravenous administration of heparin brings about clearing of alimentary lipemia was demonstrated almost two decades ago by Hahn<sup>1</sup>and confirmed by numerous investigators.<sup>2</sup>Weld<sup>3</sup>and Anderson and Fawcett<sup>4</sup>carried out these studies with in vitro systems. Additional experiments have shown that injection of heparin also brings about some alterations in the circulating serum lipoproteins.<sup>5</sup>Reports on the efficacy of heparin in the treatment of angina pectoris conflict. Although the mechanism for the clearing action of heparin is not completely elucidated, most of the experimental findings lead to the conclusion that heparin effects the activation or appearance, in the blood, of a clearing factor which is the
Neurosurgery, 1941–1950
Authors: Donald Munro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THERE has been no estimate of progress in neurologic surgery published in the Journal since 1941. The intervening period merits more than usual interest because during it, great strides in the general surgical field have been made. The second world war stimulated the restudy of old problems and introduced many new ones, and neurosurgery, like all surgical specialties, has profited greatly from these advances as well as making strides within the limits of its own specialty. The interplay between these larger more general and the smaller more specialized contributions should not be underestimated or overlooked. Such contributions as the perfection . . .
Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A induces pulmonary endothelial cytotoxicity: protection by dibutyryl-cAMP
Authors: WJ Bourke, CM O'Connor, MX FitzGerald, TJ McDonnell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

In pseudomonal septicaemia, serum levels of antibody to exotoxin A have been demonstrated to be an important independent predictor of survival. Previously, we have demonstrated that exotoxin A directly injures pulmonary endothelial cells, and that dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (Db-cAMP) can attenuate this injury. The object of this study was to examine the mechanisms of this pulmonary endothelial cell injury and the mechanism of Db-cAMP protection. The effects of differing duration of exposure to exotoxin A and a reduction in temperature on endothelial cell injury were examined. In addition, the effect of post-treatment with Db-cAMP on exotoxin A-induced endothelial cell injury was studied. A brief, 5 min, exposure to exotoxin resulted in maximum injury comparable to that produced by 18 h exposure. This injury did not occur at low temperatures, which would inhibit receptor-mediated endocytosis. Db-cAMP protected endothelial cells, even when added up to one hour after exotoxin exposure. These results suggest that, in this model, exotoxin A-induced injury of endothelial cells is receptor-mediated. Furthermore, this injury may be attenuated even after exotoxin A internalization has taken place.
Management of self-poisoned patients in hospital.
Authors: D Blake, M G Bramble
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Management of self-poisoned patients in hospital SIR,-Although we are in broad agreement with the conclusions of Dr R Gardner and his colleagues (18 November, p 1392) we would dispute the methods they adopted to assess success or failure in management.It has been clearly shown that psychiatrists show no uniformity in the management of this group of patients.1 Therefore it is not surprising that physicians proved to be as competent.We would also dispute that success in management can be assessed solely by a junior physician agreeing with the psychiatrist who has trained him over future management.Quite correctly Dr Gardner and his colleagues state that many self-poisoning patients "have taken tablets or medicines prescribed by medical practitioners."However, in a recent study of 236 patients suffering from overdoses in Newcastle upon Tyne we found that 2000 were receiving psychiatric treatment at the time of their overdose while a further 25 0 had at some time been under the care of a psychiatrist.This would not support the conclusion that better training in psychiatric assessment necessarily offers any advantage.We would suggest that from their data one has the right to conclude only that physicians are equally as incompetent as psychiatrists in assessing these patients and that perhaps we should look further to see if another professional discipline can help us.
A Controlled Study of the Effect of Intermittent Heparin Therapy on the Course of Human Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: H. ENGELBERG, R. KUHN, M. STEINMAN
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Heparin, 200 mg. subcutaneously, was administered twice weekly to a group of 105 patients with known previous myocardial infarction. A comparable control group of 117 individuals received saline placebos. Over a two-year period, there were 21 deaths due to cardiovascular disease in the placebo group, 4 cardiovascular deaths in the heparin group. The observed differences in deaths between the two groups is statistically significant, p &lt; .01. The results indicate that heparin, in the dosage and manner administered, retards the progress of atherosclerotic disease in patients with coronary atherosclerosis.
Effects of fluoxetine on protein expression of potassium ion channels in the brain of chronic mild stress rats
Authors: Chunlin Chen, Ling Wang, Xianfang Rong, Weiping Wang, Xiaoliang Wang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of major potassium channel subtypes in the brain of chronical mild stress (CMS) rats and reveal the effects of fluoxetine on the expression of these channels. Rats were exposed to a variety of unpredictable stress for three weeks and induced anhedonia, lower sucrose preference, locomotor activity and lower body weight. The protein expressions were determined by Western blot. CMS significantly increased the expression of Kv2.1 channel in frontal cortex but not in hippocampus, and the expression level was normalized after fluoxetine treatment. The expression of TREK-1 channel was also obviously increased in frontal cortex in CMS rats. Fluoxetine treatment might prevent this increase. However, the expression of Kv3.1 and Kv4.2 channels was considerably decreased in hippocampus after CMS, and was not affected by fluoxetine. These results suggest that different subtypes of potassium channels are associated with the pathophysiology of depression and that the therapeutical effects of fluoxetine may relate to Kv2.1 and TREK-1 potassium channels.