tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Wnt-heparan sulfate proteoglycan interaction in fibrotic lung disease
Authors: Sarah Vierkotten, Verena Aumiller, Franziska Uhl, Melanie Königshoff
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease of yet unknown etiology. Recently, (re)activation of developmental pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin in the alveolar epithelium has been linked to disease development. Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin activation has been shown to be dependent on Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs). The role of Wnt-HSPG interaction in IPF, however, remains to be elusive.  Methods:  Murine and human lung epithelial cells were treated with Heparin, Desulfated (DS) Heparins or Heparinase II and Chondroitinase ABC, respectively. A Heparin binding assay was used to assess binding of Wnt3a to Heparin and DS Heparins. Immunofluorescence staining of  ex vivo  lung tissue for Wnt proteins and HSPGs was conducted.  Results:  Immunofluorescence staining of  ex vivo  tissue lung slices revealed upregulated WNT3a and HSPG expression in bleomycin-treated mouse lungs compared to controls. Heparin treatment of murine lung epithelial cells resulted in inhibition of TOP/FOP-flash reporter, indicating decreased canonical WNT signaling. In contrast, Heparinase II and Chondroitinase ABC treatment resulted in upregulated β-catenin-dependent gene transcription. Interestingly, 6-O-DS Heparin treatment of A549 cells did not decrease WNT signaling, while binding of WNT3a to 6-O-DS Heparin was not altered, thereby suggesting less inhibition of WNT signaling upon binding to 6-O-DS Heparin.  Conclusion:  Taken together, our findings revealed that HS sulfation and degradation modulates WNT/β-catenin signal activity. Altered sulfation states during ECM remodeling in IPF pathology might contribute to (re)activation of developmental pathways like WNT/β-catenin.
Disinfecting the Clinical Thermometer
Authors: B. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1966)

polythene examination gloves.If wished, the thermometer could be wiped with spirit after removal of the sheath, but suitable trials might well prove this to be unnecessary.The cost of manufacture of such sheaths on a large scale should be very small, as I can make fifty in ten minutes by hand from a pennyworth of polythene.Perhaps, as the Ministry are prepared to supply disposable syringes in the cause of preventing crossinfection, they might be interested in these very much cheaper aids to the same cause.-I am, etc., London W.10. P. L. HOLMAN.SIR,-As a general practitioner I was in- terested to read the article by Drs.R. J. House and R. J. Henderson on the disinfect- ing of the clinical thermometer (11
Arsenic in Pernicious Anemia and Leucocythemia.
Authors: W. S. Thayer
Journal: JAMA (1901)

upon the matter in a paragraph or so, stated that he had been bled to control inward bleeding; but the physician's name did not appear.Consequently I had no means of inquiring directly.I presume that there are many other doctors besides myself who supposed the statements true, as they went uneontradicted.So much in explanation, and I am taking the first occasion after seeing Dr. McCormack's letter to withdraw my state¬ ment which, though not wilfully, has done him such injustice.Indeed, the actual treatment as he explains it could not be improved upon.It was wise and followed the most modern surgical standards.The use of hot, intravenous saline infu¬ sion so promptly was exactly the right thing done at the right time.I can but express surprise at a report becoming spread
The Sneeze—Blissful or Baneful?
Authors: Selig J. Kavka
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Why did benevolent wishes like "Bless you" or "Gesundheit" attach themselves inseparably to the sneeze? No routine comment is invited by someone belching, coughing, groaning, hiccuping, retching, snoring, vomiting, wheezing, or breaking wind, even when these symptoms may portend trouble. A reflex surviving all of the ancient omens and firmly established in folklore demands an explanation. Centuries of such popular usage would make it appear that the solicitous expressions may have been generated so as to ward off an ominous threat. Moreover, lodged in the sneeze is a protective reflex—the automatic closing of the eyes. Even the cough, most closely allied physiologically,<sup>1</sup>can be accomplished with the eyes open. (In common with the cough, however, the sneeze can spread disease.) These observations suggest a danger inherent in the sneeze. The sneeze has different meanings in different cultures.<sup>2</sup>Romans, following Persian demonology, responded to the sneeze with<i>Absit omen!</i>
SEEING CAPILLARY CIRCULATION IN ONE'S OWN RETINA.
Authors: C. E. NORTON
Journal: JAMA (1899)

This paper is presented to the Association for three reasons: 1, the subject has a scientific interest; 2, it has a practical bearing; and 3, I have presented it for a personal reason. I have written a short note on this subject before1. On reading this note some oculists and other scientific men have expressed the opinion that the phenomena seen are not due to the capillary circulation, but are due to muscæ volitantes. Believing, as I do, that it is possible to see the corpuscles of the blood moving in the capillaries of the retina and that these corcupsles are not the same as muscæ volitantes, nor should they receive the same name if we wish to preserve scientific accuracy in our nomenclature, I have written this paper, in which I endeavor to demonstrate the accuracy of my belief. Over twenty years ago I discovered that while looking at
Insulin Pump for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yves Reznik, Ohad Cohen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Progressive hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes results from a progressive β-cell failure together with a state of insulin resistance (1). Insulin deficiency worsens with the natural progression of type 2 diabetes, explaining the escape from oral antihyperglycemic agents and the need for exogenous insulin therapy (2).

The use of external pumps in patients with type 2 diabetes is a recent practice compared with that in type 1 diabetes, and its use is still debated. In only a few countries, such as in France and Israel, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) using an external pump is an alternative in type 2 diabetes that the health authorities have allowed for reimbursement. The rationale for using pump therapy was first suggested by its use in case reports of type 2 diabetes with extreme insulin resistance and poor glycemic control (3–6). In such patients, insulin was administered transiently by intravenous insulin infusion allowing lower mean glucose level despite a 40% reduction of insulin requirements. The sequential use of 4-week intravenous insulin infusion followed by 1-year CSII in a group of patients with type 2 diabetes patients poorly controlled despite very high insulin requirements allowed a dramatic reduction of HbA1c (−3%, −9 mmol/mol), while insulin requirements were reduced by one-third. Such beneficial effects of CSII were attributed to increased insulin sensitivity assessed by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study (7). These observations raised the question as to whether insulin continuous administration by a pump device gives an advantage compared with the conventional approach of insulin intensification by multiple daily injections (MDIs). The evidence base is still under debate and will be discussed in this review.

### Is CSII effective for the intensification of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes?

Very few randomized controlled studies have looked at the comparative effectiveness of CSII versus MDI (8–11) (Table 1). Two parallel-group studies performed over 6 and 12 …
Identification of Enterococci
Authors: Vincent F. Garagusi
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The multiplicity of media available for identification of enterococcus and the inadequacy of any one of them alone to provide positive identification of the organism is a very practical problem for the average clinical laboratory. As Dr. Demko indicates, increasing the bile concen tration of the medium increases accuracy, but even the 40% concentration Bile Esculin Agar (Difco) will occasionally support the growth of viridans streptococci, falsely identifying the organism as enterococcus.<sup>1</sup> The important point is that whichever selective medium is used for screening purposes, confirmation of the identity of enterococcus should depend on further tests, preferably growth in 6.5% sodium chloride broth. In addition, an early clue to correct identification may be found from the sensitivity plates, since enterococci are almost invariably resistant to lincomycin and both<i>Streptococcus viridans</i>and nonenterococcal group D organisms are usually sensitive. To summarize, no single test can be used
Cocaine-Exposed Infants and Developmental Outcomes
Authors: Barry Zuckerman, Deborah A. Frank, Linda Mayes
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Utilization of Anesthesia Services During Outpatient Endoscopies and Colonoscopies and Associated Spending in 2003-2009
Authors: Hangsheng Liu, Daniel A. Waxman, Regan Main, Soeren Mattke
Journal: JAMA (2012)

The frequency with which anesthesiologists or nurse anesthetists provide sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopies, especially for low-risk patients, is poorly understood and controversial.To quantify temporal comparisons and regional variation in the use of and payment for gastroenterology anesthesia services.A retrospective analysis of claims data for a 5% representative sample of Medicare fee-for-service patients (1.1 million adults) and a sample of 5.5 million commercially insured patients between 2003 and 2009.Total number of upper gastrointestinal endoscopies and colonoscopies, proportion of gastroenterology procedures with associated anesthesia claims, payments for gastroenterology anesthesia services, and proportion of services and spending for gastroenterology anesthesia delivered to low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class 1 or 2).The number of gastroenterology procedures per million enrollees remained largely unchanged in Medicare patients (mean, 136,718 procedures), but increased more than 50% in commercially insured patients (from 33,599 in 2003 to 50,816 in 2009). In both populations, the proportion of procedures using anesthesia services increased from approximately 14% in 2003 to more than 30% in 2009, and more than two-thirds of anesthesia services were delivered to low-risk patients. There was substantial regional variation in the proportion of procedures using anesthesia services in both populations (ranging from 13% in the West to 59% in the Northeast). Payments for gastroenterology anesthesia services doubled in Medicare patients and quadrupled in commercially insured patients.Between 2003 and 2009, utilization of anesthesia services during gastroenterology procedures increased substantially. Anesthesia services are predominantly used in low-risk patients and show considerable regional variation.
The Histochemistry of Pancreatic Islet Cell Lesions
Authors: J.M.B. Bloodworth, D.W. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN 1955, Zollinger and Ellison1reported an association between islet cell tumors and recurrent, frequently atypically located peptic ulcers. Since that time numerous cases of the ulcerogenic  have been reported. However, the nature of the islet cell responsible for this syndrome has remained in doubt.  All islet cell lesions, including hyperplasia, neoformation, adenoma, and carcinoma, which case reports are in the files of the Ohio State University, and 36 neoplasms of the pancreatic islets, which case reports are in the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, have been reviewed. All cases from the Ohio State University were examined using the following techniques: hemotoxylin and eosin,2chrome alum hemotoxylin-phloxin,2Heidenhain-azan,2Hellerstrom and Hellman's silver technique for alpha cells,3the rhodocyan technique of Glenner and Lillie,4and aldehyde fuchsintrichrome.2  With these techniques, four islet-cell types can be identified: the alpha, beta,
Bone Densitometry of Osteopetrosis in an Adolescent Girl
Authors: JUDITH M. JOYCE, HARTMUT H. MALLUCHE, J SCOTTY COON, U Y RYO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A 15-year-old girl with congenital osteopetrosis underwent evaluation of her metabolic bone disease before pharmacologic treatment. The patient had previously sustained multiple fractures, including bilateral femurs and the L–3 pedicle. Radiographs demonstrated the classic changes of osteopetrosis with symmetric generalized increased bone density. Dual photon densitometry of the spine and femur revealed significantly elevated bone mineral density with measurements approximately 12 SD above the mean of normal 15-year-old girls.
A New Therapeutic Strategy in Systemic Vasculitis?
Authors: Burton Zweiman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The spectrum of systemic vasculitis has long fascinated clinicians and investigators alike. Important steps toward understanding the pathogenesis of this group of disorders have been made with the finding of presumptive circulating immune complexes and immune responses to the hepatitis B virus (and possibly other infectious or drug agents) in a sizable percentage of cases.1 , 2 However, after more than 100 years, there is still considerable uncertainty about the course, prognosis and therapy of these disorders. This uncertainty may result in part from heterogeneity in the clinical appearance of vasculitis and resultant diagnostic confusion.1 Polyarteritis (periarteritis) nodosa has been considered a . . .
Quantitative Comparison of Intracellular Unpacking Kinetics of Polyplexes by a Model Constructed From Quantum Dot-FRET
Authors: Hunter H Chen, Yi-Ping Ho, Xuan Jiang, Hai-Quan Mao, Tza-Huei Wang, Kam W Leong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

A major challenge for non-viral gene delivery is gaining a mechanistic understanding of the rate-limiting steps. A critical barrier in polyplex-mediated gene delivery is the timely unpacking of polyplexes within the target cell to liberate DNA for efficient gene transfer. In this study, the component plasmid DNA and polymeric gene carrier were individually labeled with quantum dots (QDs) and Cy5 dyes, respectively, as a donor and acceptor pair for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The high signal-to-noise ratio in QD-mediated FRET enabled sensitive detection of discrete changes in polyplex stability. The intracellular uptake and dissociation of polyplexes through QD-FRET was captured over time by confocal microscopy. From quantitative image–based analysis, distributions of released plasmid within the endo/lysosomal, cytosolic, and nuclear compartments formed the basis for constructing a three-compartment first-order kinetics model. Polyplex unpacking kinetics for chitosan, polyethylenimine, and polyphosphoramidate were compared and found to correlate well with transfection efficiencies. Thus, QD-FRET-enabled detection of polyplex stability combined with image-based quantification is a valuable method for studying mechanisms involved in polyplex unpacking and trafficking within live cells. We anticipate that this method will also aid the design of more efficient gene carriers. A major challenge for non-viral gene delivery is gaining a mechanistic understanding of the rate-limiting steps. A critical barrier in polyplex-mediated gene delivery is the timely unpacking of polyplexes within the target cell to liberate DNA for efficient gene transfer. In this study, the component plasmid DNA and polymeric gene carrier were individually labeled with quantum dots (QDs) and Cy5 dyes, respectively, as a donor and acceptor pair for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The high signal-to-noise ratio in QD-mediated FRET enabled sensitive detection of discrete changes in polyplex stability. The intracellular uptake and dissociation of polyplexes through QD-FRET was captured over time by confocal microscopy. From quantitative image–based analysis, distributions of released plasmid within the endo/lysosomal, cytosolic, and nuclear compartments formed the basis for constructing a three-compartment first-order kinetics model. Polyplex unpacking kinetics for chitosan, polyethylenimine, and polyphosphoramidate were compared and found to correlate well with transfection efficiencies. Thus, QD-FRET-enabled detection of polyplex stability combined with image-based quantification is a valuable method for studying mechanisms involved in polyplex unpacking and trafficking within live cells. We anticipate that this method will also aid the design of more efficient gene carriers.
Activation of factor XII by tobacco glycoprotein.
Authors: C G Becker, T Dubin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

A glycoprotein of mol wt ca. 18,000 daltons isolated from cured tobacco leaves (TGP-L) and from cigarette smoke condensate (TGP-CSC) activated factor XII in normal human plasma in vitro as measured by (a) shortening of the partial thromboplastin time, (b) shortening of the lysis time of euglobulin clots, and (c) generation of kinin activity. These effects were not demonstrable in plasma deficient in factor XII. The capacity of TGP-L and TGP-CSC to activate factor XII was shown to depend on the presence of rutin, a substance chemically similar to quercetin and ellagic acid, which are known activators of factor XII. Rutin and rutin coupled to bovine serum albumin, but not bovine serum albumin alone, were also demonstrated to activate factor XII. The presence in cigarette smoke of material that is both allergenic and capable of activating factor XII of the intrinsic pathway of coagulatin may be important to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease associated with cigarette smoking.
Doctors' financial interests: what about a publicly available list held by the GMC?
Authors: M. Brunet
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The imbalance in the relationship between doctor and patient means that knowledge of a doctor’s financial interests will never be a panacea for resolving all biases and prejudices in medicine. However, a register like whopaysthisdoctor.org is not just for patients, but for doctors also. …
A CASE OF PARAFFINOMA
Authors: MASON BOLAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1935)

Journal Article A CASE OF PARAFFINOMA Get access MASON BOLAM, M.A., M.B., B.Ch. MASON BOLAM, M.A., M.B., B.Ch. Hon. Assistant, Skin Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 47, Issue 12, 1 December 1935, Pages 523–527, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1935.tb10247.x Published: 01 December 1935
Prolonged continuous hepatic artery infusion with interleukin-2 in unresectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer: A phase IA—B study
Authors: S.H. Goey, A.M.M. Eggermont, R. Oskam, Th. Wiggers, R.L.H Bolhuis, G. Stoter
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1996)
Diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement of CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy)
Authors: P Pescatore
Journal: Gut (2000)

Computed tomographic (CT) colonography or virtual colonoscopy (VC) is a non-invasive imaging method proposed for screening patients with colorectal neoplasias. Our aims were to study the diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement of VC for correct patient identification compared with conventional colonoscopy (CC).This was a prospective study of 50 patients successively undergoing VC and CC. Multiplanar two dimensional CT images and three dimensional VC were constructed using surface rendering software and interpreted by two independent investigator teams. VC findings were compared with those of CC. Interobserver agreement was determined using kappa statistics.CC found 65 polyps in 24 patients. For identification of patients with polyps > or =10 mm, the sensitivity of VC was 38% and 63%, and specificity was 74% and 74% for teams 1 and team 2. Interobserver agreement was good (kappa 0.72). For patients with polyps of any size, the sensitivity of VC was 75% and 71%, and specificity was 62% and 69% for teams 1 and 2. Interobserver agreement was fair (kappa 0.56). Accuracy improved when comparing the results of the first 24 with the last 26 patients.In our experience, VC had a low diagnostic value for identification of patients with colorectal neoplasias. Interobserver agreement for VC interpretation was fair. These results may be explained by software imperfections and a learning curve effect.
A CASE OF MULTIPLE ULCERATING BASAL-CELL EPITHELIOMA WITH ZONIFORM DISTRIBUTION AND POSSIBLY OF SWEAT-GLAND ORIGIN
Authors: H.G. ADAMSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1917)

Journal Article A CASE OF MULTIPLE ULCERATING BASAL‐CELL EPITHELIOMA WITH ZONIFORM DISTRIBUTION AND POSSIBLY OF SWEAT‐GLAND ORIGIN Get access H.G. ADAMSON, M.D., F.R.C.P. H.G. ADAMSON, M.D., F.R.C.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 29, Issue 2, 1 April 1917, Pages 81–83, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1917.tb09656.x Published: 01 April 1917