tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Limitations of specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction markers in the detection of metastases in the lymph nodes and blood of breast cancer patients.
Authors: P J Bostick, S Chatterjee, D D Chi, K T Huynh, A E Giuliano, R Cote, D S Hoon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE This study was performed to evaluate the potential of specific mRNA markers to detect micrometastases by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot analysis of sentinel lymph nodes (SNs) and blood from patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We assessed the specificity of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), CK-20, gastrointestinal tumor-associated antigen-733.2 (GA733.2), and mucin-1 (MUC-1) in the blood of healthy donors (n = 13) and lymph nodes from patients without cancer (n = 3) by RT-PCR assay. The sensitivity of the RT-PCR assay for the target mRNA markers was assessed in breast cancer cell lines (n = 4), primary breast tumors (n = 8), and the frozen sections of SNs (n = 22) from 22 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages I to IIIA breast cancer. RESULTS CK-20 was the only mRNA marker not detected in lymph nodes or blood from patients without cancer. Both the blood and lymph nodes from patients without cancer expressed CEA, CK-19, GA733.2, and MUC-1 mRNA. All four breast cancer cell lines and six of eight primary breast tumors expressed all five mRNA markers. Expression of mRNA by the RT-PCR assay in the frozen-section SNs (n = 12) without metastases by conventional histopathology ranged from 8% (CK-20) to 92% (GA733.2). Detection of RT-PCR cDNA products in frozen-section SNs was increased with Southern blot analysis compared with ethidium bromide gel electrophoresis (EtBr) for all mRNA markers except CK-19. CONCLUSION CEA, CK-19, GA733.2, and MUC-1 show no diagnostic value as mRNA markers for the detection of micrometastases by the RT-PCR assay because they are expressed in the blood and lymph nodes of patients without cancer. Further studies are needed to assess the sensitivity of CK-20 to detect micrometastases by the RT-PCR assay in the blood and frozen-section SNs of patients with breast cancer.
Abstract 3765: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mediates immune-independent human tumor cell resistance to olaparib, γ radiation, and cisplatin
Authors: Saman Maleki Vareki, Mateusz Rytelewski, Rene Figueredo, Di Chen, Peter J. Ferguson, Mark Vincent, Weiping Min, Xiufen Zheng, James Koropatnick
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO) is an immunosuppressive molecule expressed by most human tumors. IDO levels correlate with poor prognosis in cancer patients and IDO inhibitors are under investigation to enhance endogenous anticancer immunosurveillance. Little is known of immune-independent functions of IDO relevant to cancer therapy. We show, for the first time, that IDO mediates human tumor cell resistance to a PARP inhibitor (olaparib), γ radiation, cisplatin, and combined treatment with olaparib and radiation, in the absence of immune cells. Antisense-mediated reduction of IDO, alone and (in a synthetic lethal approach) in combination with antisense to the DNA repair protein BRCA2 sensitizes human lung cancer cells to olaparib and cisplatin. Antisense reduction of IDO decreased NAD+ in human tumor cells. NAD+ is essential for PARP activity and these data suggest that IDO mediates treatment resistance independent of immunity and at least partially due to a previously unrecognized role for IDO in DNA repair. Furthermore, IDO levels correlated with accumulation of tumor cells in G1 and depletion of cells in G2/M of the cell cycle, suggesting that IDO effects on cell cycle may also modulate sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapeutic agents. IDO is a potentially valuable therapeutic target in cancer treatment, independent of immune function and in combination with other therapies. Supported by grants to JK and WM from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Citation Format: Saman Maleki Vareki, Mateusz Rytelewski, Rene Figueredo, Di Chen, Peter J. Ferguson, Mark Vincent, Weiping Min, Xiufen Zheng, James Koropatnick. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mediates immune-independent human tumor cell resistance to olaparib, γ radiation, and cisplatin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3765. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3765
Phase II trial with dose titration of paclitaxel for the therapy of human immunodeficiency virus-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
Authors: L Welles, M W Saville, J Lietzau, J M Pluda, K M Wyvill, I Feuerstein, W D Figg, R Lush, J Odom, W H Wilson, M T Fajardo, R W Humphrey, E Feigal, D Tuck, S M Steinberg, S Broder, R Yarchoan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To investigate the antitumor activity and safety of paclitaxel in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients with advanced HIV-associated KS were enrolled. The patients were overall quite immunosuppressed (median CD4 count, 15 cells/microL). Paclitaxel was initially administered at 135 mg/m2 over 3 hours every 3 weeks without filgrastim support; the dose was increased as tolerated to a maximum of 175 mg/m2. Patients who failed to respond or progressed could then receive filgrastim support or paclitaxel administered over 96 hours. RESULTS Of 28 assessable patients, 20 had major responses (18 partial responses [PRs], one clinical complete response [CR], and one CR), for a major response rate of 71.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.3% to 86.8%). Each of the five patients with pulmonary KS responded, as did all four assessable patients who had previously received anthracycline therapy for KS. Of six patients who went on to receive a 96-hour infusion of paclitaxel, five had major responses. Neutropenia was the most frequent dose-limiting toxicity; possible novel toxicities included late fevers, late rash, and eosinophilia. Two patients developed an elevated creatinine concentration and one cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION Paclitaxel has substantial activity against advanced HIV-associated KS as a single agent, even in patients with pulmonary involvement or who had previously received anthracyclines. Further research is needed to define the optimal treatment schedule and its role vis-a-vis the other available therapies for this disease.
Diagnosis-related groups and general hospital psychiatry: the APA Study
Authors: Joseph T. English, Steven S. Sharfstein, Donald J. Scherl, Boris Astrachan, Irvin L. Muszynski
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

Psychiatric units in general hospitals are exempt from diagnosis-related groups (DRGs), a system of per case prospective payment that is used for the majority of patients covered by Medicare. The American Psychiatric Association purchased a large hospital discharge data base and studied the potential impact of DRGs on psychiatric patients and inpatient psychiatric units in general hospitals. There was substantial inaccuracy in the psychiatric DRGs' prediction of resource use, which could lead to inappropriate discharge of patients and financial risk to hospitals that treat more severe cases. The authors advocate further research because psychiatry must anticipate prospective payment in the future.
Assessment of quality of life in asthmatic children. A case- control study
Authors: Safaa Wafy, Hosni Shaaban, Esam Abd El-Monem, Mohamed Mousa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  Health-related quality of life(HRQL)has become an increasingly important issue in the management of asthma and it is now often used to evaluate the effectiveness of antiasthma drugs.  Objective:  to assess impairment in QOL in asthmatic children and to determine the influencing factors.   Methods:  230 asthmatic outpatients, aged 7-18 years,from chest outpatient clinic in school health insurance,Assiut,compared with another 272 non asthmatic patients.Two questionnaires were used for each patient;asthma questionnaire and St George9s Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ)to assess QOL.   Results:  Asthma affected boys more than girls(62.2%and37.8%).The mean age of asthmatic children was 9.1±2.1 years.Allergic rhinitis were highly significant associated with asthmatic patients.About40% diagnosed as uncontrolled asthma based on their night awakenings,70%and 26.5% based on their activity limitation and daytime symptoms.Severe asthma reported in 42.6%.Asthma affects quality of life of all patients.There were significant differences between the two groups as regard Symptom, Activity, Impact and Total score (all P  Conclusions:  Bronchial asthma significantly affected QOL of children,so reduce asthma severity and improve asthma symptom attempts to improve their QOL.
Difficult intubation of the esophagus or trachea stent – When cervical muscle contractures combined with the narrowing. Descriptions of cases
Authors: Adam Rzechonek, Jerzy Kolodziej
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Purpose:  The muscle contraction is the main cause of difficulty of tracheal intubation. Self-expanding tube stents are typically placed using a rigid bronchoscope. How to do it by simultaneous occurrence of strictures and the stiff neck.   Material:  We described 2 cases of patients with received prolonged mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit. In both patients developed: stiff neck and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF).  The insertion of self-expanding stents has been found successful in both patients.   Method:  After failed attempts to insert the rigid endoscope, there were temporarily used an oral endotracheal tubes. To put them we used a laryngoscope to visualize the throat, fiberscope9s and guides with stringed tubes. By Hegar9s method (pushing and replacing tubes in increasingly diameter) were obtained extending of tracheal stenosis or narrowing of pharyngeal sphincter. Then through the intubation tube the adjusted stents were inserted into the trachea or esophagus. Correction or control of positioning of stents ended treatments.   Conclusions:  Stiff neck and narrowing of the trachea or esophagus, are a significant obstacle in the establishment of the stents. They should be taken into account in planning treatment.  Use of fiberscope, guides and intubation tubes of increasing diameters is relative simple and cheap way to solve the problem.
Point: Treating Stage II Colon Cancer: The Quest for Personalized Adjuvant Care
Authors: Maxwell T. Vergo, Al B. Benson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

The development of treatment decision strategies to guide the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II colon cancer continues to challenge many oncologists. Clearly, recurrence risk and prognosis for patients with stage II colon cancer can be variable, with subsets of patients with stage II disease at potentially higher risk than some with stage III. Adjuvant chemotherapy seems to produce a consistent relative risk reduction for recurrence across studies. Using clinical calculators to predict individual recurrence risk based on histopathologic and patient data allows this relative risk reduction to be translated into absolute benefit to the patient. In addition, gene expression assays in combination with these histopathologic data may further improve the accuracy of recurrence risk calculations and allow more accurate absolute benefit estimations. This absolute benefit should be discussed with the patient, taking into account the risk of morbidity from chemotherapy and individual preferences to arrive at a shared medical decision regarding adjuvant chemotherapy.
Abstract 13482: Ischemic Cardiac Outcomes in Patients with AF Treated with Vitamin K Antagonism or Factor Xa Inhibition: Results from the ROCKET AF Trial
Authors: Kenneth W Mahaffey, Harvey D White, Christopher C Nessel, Shaun G Goodman, Jonathan P Piccini, Manesh R Patel, John F Paolini, Richard C Becker, Jonathan L Halperin, Werner Hacke, Daniel E Singer, Graeme J Hankey, Robert M Califf, Keith A Fox, Gunter Breithardt
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Coronary artery disease is common in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We investigated the prevalence of prior myocardial infarction (MI) and incidence of future ischemic cardiova...
NCCN Task Force Report: Management of Dermatologic and Other Toxicities Associated With EGFR Inhibition in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Barbara Burtness, Milan Anadkat, Surendra Basti, Miranda Hughes, Mario E. Lacouture, Joan S. McClure, Patricia L. Myskowski, Jennifer Paul, Clifford S. Perlis, Leonard Saltz, Sharon Spencer
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2009)

This NCCN Task Force Report describes the management of dermatologic and ocular toxicities that occur in patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. Task force members are from NCCN member institutions and include oncologists, dermatologists, an ophthalmologist, and a mid-level oncology provider. This report describes commonly used therapies that the task force agreed are appropriate standards of care for dermatologic and ophthalmologic toxicities associated with EGFR inhibitors, which generally are supported only by anecdotal evidence. Few recommendations are evidence based; however, some commonly used therapies have data supporting their use. Conclusions from completed clinical trials are generally limited by the small numbers of patients enrolled. The information in this report is based on available published data on treating toxicities associated with EGFR inhibitors, data from treatment of clinically similar toxicities from different etiologies, and expert opinion among the NCCN Task Force members.
NICE has overestimated cardiovascular risk
Authors: Richard G Richards
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recommended that cardiovascular risk should be calculated by adding the risks of coronary heart disease and stroke derived from the Framingham study.1 This is an elementary epidemiological error as the two risks are related. The effect is to overestimate risk.

The Framingham study has its limitations. UK data have been …
Abstract 8273: Statins Enhance the Beneficial Effects of Olmesartan on Renal Injury in Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Rats via the Reduction of an Angiotensin-Mineralocorticoid Receptor Signaling Interaction
Authors: Xian Wu Cheng, Aiko Inoue, Lina Hu, Haizhen Song, Takeshi Sasaki, Masafumi Kuzuya, Kenji Okumura, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objective. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic cardiorenal diseases. Statins and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist improve hypertensive renal remodeling and dysfunction in patients with proteinuric kidney disease. The present study investigated the comparative effects of a combination of statin and AT1R antagonist and AT1R antagonist monotherapy on renal injury. Methods and Results. Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats on a high-salt diet were randomly assigned to four groups ( n = 10 for each group) that were treated with either vehicle (0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose), a low or high dosage of olmesartan (1 or 3 mg/kg/d), or pitavastatin (1 mg/kg/d) plus olmesartan (1 mg/kg/d) from 12 to 19 weeks of age. Rats fed a low-salt diet served as age-matched controls. Rats on the high-salt diet developed massive proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, and these changes were attenuated by olmesartan in a dose-dependent manner. The amounts of mRNAs for AT1R, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), osteopontin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and collagen type I, and the activities for matrix metalloproteinase-9 and cathepsin S were significantly higher in the failing kidneys of vehicle-treated rats than in the age-matched control rats; Olmesartan significantly attenuated these changes. Olmesartan attenuated both the decrease in the ratio of reduced to oxidized form glutathione and the increase in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity apparent in the kidney cortex of vehicle-treated rats. Furthermore, olmesartan inhibited kidney cortex vascular inflammation and renal fibrosis. The addition of pitavastatin significantly enhanced these beneficial effects of AT1R antagonism via anti-inflammation and anti-proteolysis. Conclusions: The beneficial renal effects of AT1R antagonism are likely attributable, at least in part, to the attenuation of renal oxidative stress and renal vascular inflammation induced by the AT1R-MR signaling interaction. The combination of statin with angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) may be a potential therapeutic strategy for renal injury with proteinuria.
Histologic Changes in Livers of Pyridoxine-Deprived Baboons-Relation to Alpha1 Fetoprotein and Liver Cancer in Africa
Authors: Henry Foy, Athena Kendi, J. N. P. Davies, Barbara Anderson, Alison Parker, Jennifer Preston, F. G. Peers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Histologic Changes in Livers of Pyridoxine-Deprived Baboons-Relation to Alpha1 Fetoprotein and Liver Cancer in Africa Get access Henry Foy, Henry Foy 2Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories, Nairobi, Kenya. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Athena Kendi, Athena Kendi 2Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories, Nairobi, Kenya. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. N. P. Davies, J. N. P. Davies 3Department of Pathology, Albany Medical College, Union University, Albany, N.Y. 12208. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barbara Anderson, Barbara Anderson 4Department of Haematology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, England. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alison Parker, Alison Parker 5Department of Medical Physiology, Nairobi Medical School, Nairobi, Kenya. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jennifer Preston, Jennifer Preston 5Department of Medical Physiology, Nairobi Medical School, Nairobi, Kenya. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. G. Peers F. G. Peers 6Tropical Products Institute, London, England. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 5, November 1974, Pages 1295–1311, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.5.1295 Published: 01 November 1974 Article history Received: 26 April 1974 Accepted: 09 July 1974 Published: 01 November 1974
Alternating v repeated postremission treatment in adult acute myelogenous leukemia: a randomized phase III study (AML6) of the EORTC Leukemia Cooperative Group
Authors: R Zittoun, U Jehn, D Fiere, C Haanen, B Lowenberg, R Willemze, J Abels, J Bury, M Peetermans, M Hayat
Journal: Blood (1989)
Alcohol campaigners welcome preliminary opinion from European Court of Justice
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Health campaigners who want a minimum price for alcohol to be introduced in Scotland remain hopeful of success after an important preliminary opinion from the European Court of Justice.

In an analysis of the legality of the move, Yves Bot, advocate general for the European Court of Justice, has concluded that national rules on pricing can be imposed that restrict trade and distort competition but only if they are “appropriate for the attainment of the objective pursued” and superior to alternative measures such as increased taxation.1

Supporters of minimum pricing have welcomed this opinion as showing that minimum unit pricing is not precluded by EU law and can …
Comparison of extramedullary plasmacytomas with solitary and multiple plasma cell tumors of bone.
Authors: M A Knowling, A R Harwood, D E Bergsagel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

Patients with solitary osseous plasmacytomas (SOP) differ from those with extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) in that they are younger and the proportion of males is smaller. The median survival of the two groups is similar: 86.4 mo for SOP, and 100.8 mo for EMP. Progression-free survival, however, is much better for EMP. Only five EMP patients have progressed following initial radiation therapy: one developed a single bony lesion, two progressed to multiple myeloma, and two developed multiple EMP. Thus, 71% of EMP patients are progression free at 10 yr, and most deaths do not result from plasma cell neoplasia. In contrast, 13 SOP patients have progressed to develop additional osteolytic lesions, so that only 16% of SOP patients are progression free at 10 yr; death resulted from progression to multiple myeloma in most of these patients. In EMP patients the occurrence of involved lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis in seven, and initial relapse in regional nodes in three, suggest that consideration should be given to including regional lymph nodes in the radiation fields used to treat these patients.
LSC 2014 abstract - Influenza infection of human lung macrophages increases PDL1 expression via autologous IFNβ
Authors: Karl Staples, C. Mirella Spalluto, Richard T. McKendry, Tom M.A. Wilkinson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Lung macrophages are an important defence against influenza infection, but macrophage function can be dysregulated by infection. Recent work has shown that acute immune responses to influenza in the murine lung are regulated by PDL1 expression leading to rapid modulation of CD8+ T cell responses via the PD1 receptor 1 . This PD1/PDL1 pathway may modulate acute inflammatory responses to prevent tissue damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate how human macrophages regulate their PDL1 expression in response to influenza infection. Human lung and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were exposed to H3N2 X31 influenza virus or UV-irradiated virus (UVX31). No infection of lung macrophages or MDM was seen upon exposure to UVX31 but incubation with X31 resulted in a mean infection rate of 18% and 29% respectively. Infection significantly increased cell surface expression of PDL1 on lung macrophages and MDM. Using RT-PCR, we observed an increase of PDL1 mRNA after X31 as well as an increase in type I interferon expression by MDMs in response to X31 infection. Using siRNA targeting IFNα and IFNβ, we observed a ∼45% reduction in the mRNA expression of both of these cytokines in response to infection, but only IFNβ siRNA reduced the influenza-induced expression of PDL1 mRNA by ∼30%. Furthermore, when MDM were incubated with IFNβ, this cytokine caused increased expression of PDL1 mRNA. These data indicate that influenza-induced release of IFNβ by macrophages regulates surface expression of PDL1, which may have implications in viral exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases where IFNβ is deficient.  1. Erickson et al (2012) J Clin Invest.
Parasitological diagnosis combining an internally controlled real-time PCR assay for the detection of four protozoa in stool samples with a testing algorithm for microscopy
Authors: L.E.S. Bruijnesteijn van Coppenraet, J.A. Wallinga, G.J.H.M. Ruijs, M.J. Bruins, J.J. Verweij
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)