tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Informed Consent, Deception, and Discovering Drug Abuse-Reply
Authors: Sissela Bok
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Regestein rightly points to the difficulties inherent in discovering and treating drug abuse. I have seen no evidence, however, demonstrating that nondeceptive methods used in prospective human studies of practices such as drug abuse need be more cumbersome than deceptive ones. One purpose of my article was precisely to suggest that it was premature to leap to such a conclusion before exploring alternative methods. Regestein speculates that some drug abusers might welcome deceptive means to detect their habits as a step toward treatment. But the point of the blinded studies discussed in my article is that individual subjects will not be thus identified. As for therapeutic relationships more generally, all available evidence underscores the crucial importance of establishing a relationship of trust between drug abusers and their caretakers. I agree with Regestein in stressing the need to limit individual freedom, at times, for the sake of the
A Food-Borne Institutional Outbreak of Enteritis Due to Salmonella blockley
Authors: Leonard J. Morse
Journal: JAMA (1967)

One hundred and sixty-seven cases of infection due to<i>Salmonella blockley</i>were documented in an institutional outbreak. The source of infection was frozen, unpasteurized egg yolks used in the preparation of ice cream. This is further evidence for the need to exclude frozen, unpasteurized egg products from human consumption.
P1-205: Acute esophagitis correlated with irradiated volume in a Phase II Study of Accelerated High Dose Thoracic Radiation Therapy (TRT) with Concurrent Chemotherapy for Limited Small Cell Lung Cancer (LSCLC) (RTOG 0239)
Authors: Ritsuko Komaki, Jennifer Moughan, David Ettinger, Gregory Videtic, Jeffrey Bradley, Bonnie Glisson, Hak Choy
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
INDUCTION AND REVERSAL OF IMMUNE PARALYSIS IN VITRO
Authors: V. S. Byers, E. E. Sercarz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Induction of the immune response can only be completed after antigen is removed from the cellular environment. Primed rabbit lymph node fragments were cultured in vitro with 5 mg/ml BSA. If antigen was removed from the fragments 2 hr later, they produced a normal anti-BSA response, which was first evident 5 days later. If antigen removal was delayed for 3 days, the onset of the response was postponed for 2 to 3 days. Pulses with BUDR marked the periods of cell proliferation in both sets of cultures, and established that the postponement of antibody production was preceded by a postponement in the wave of proliferation among precursors of antibody forming cells. The similarity in avidity of antibody-containing fluids from normal and postponed cultures support the idea that the same cell population produced the response in each case. It was concluded that a reversible state of paralysis could be instituted in antigen-responsive cells, and this state did not depend upon cell-killing. The widespread incidence of temporary paralysis as an early aspect of the immune response was discussed.
Infectious Mononucleosis in Middle Age
Authors: Paul G. Auwaerter
Journal: JAMA (1999)

A previously healthy 42-year-old man developed temperatures to 38.8°C, muscle and joint aches, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Within several days, he also had diarrhea and emesis. On the fourth day of his illness, he saw his physician, who made a diagnosis of gastroenteritis.
Hazards of the Job: From Industrial Disease to Environmental Health Science
Authors: Arthur L. Frank
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Trained as a historian, Christopher C. Sellers also chose to attend medical school, primarily so that he could write more knowledgeably about medical history. His training has served him well, especially his doctorate in history, as it is the historian's skills that he primarily brings to this work. The fewer than 250 pages of text are followed by some 75 pages of detailed notes. <i>Hazards of the Job</i>is not easy reading; rather, it is dense in the style of a historical treatise, but the topic in question propels the reader, sometimes easily and quickly, sometimes through slogging detail. It does deserve to be read, and for those looking for a thought-provoking laying out of occupational medicine in the United States, especially in the early and midportions of this century, the time invested will be worthwhile. The author sets the stage with some insights into the status of occupational medicine
Correction to: TGF-beta1 gene-modified, immature dendritic cells delay the development of inflammatory bowel disease by inducing CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells
Authors: Zhijian Cai, Wei Zhang, Min Li, Yinpu Yue, Fei Yang, Lei Yu, Xuetao Cao, Jianli Wang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2019)
Sexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Thomas A. Peterman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

AN ESTIMATED 16 000 people in the United States will develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1986.<sup>1</sup>Already, an estimated 0.5 to 1.7 million people in the United States have been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (also known as the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III [HTLV-III] and the lymphadenopathy-associated virus [LAV]).<sup>1-3</sup>Blood donor deferral, HIV-antibody screening, and heat treatment of factor concentrates will largely prevent further transmission of HIV to recipients of these products, but blood recipients represent only 2% to 3% of all AIDS cases.<sup>1</sup>Sexual contact has been the route of transmission of the virus in over 78% of all AIDS cases. Moreover, the prevalence of infection with HIV is already almost 70% in at least one group of sexually active gay men.<sup>4</sup>In the absence of a vaccine or therapy, the major hope for preventing transmission is the adoption of
Management of Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Thomas E. Finucane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters16 September 2003Management of Acute Renal FailureThomas E. Finucane, MDThomas E. Finucane, MDFrom Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center/Johns Hopkins Geriatrics Center; Baltimore, MD 21224.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-6-200309160-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Esson and Schrier on ATN (1) might be clearer with 1 additional comment. In the paragraph after they mention oliguric and nonoliguric ATN, they present a table showing laboratory values that distinguish prerenal azotemia from ATN. I think it is important to say that the urine chemistry values are useful only if the patient is oliguric. If the patient is nonoliguric, sodium excretion, for example, may be affected by sodium intake.Reference1. Esson ML, Schrier RW. Diagnosis and treatment of acute tubular necrosis. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:744-52. [PMID: 12416948] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center/Johns Hopkins Geriatrics Center; Baltimore, MD 21224. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoDiagnosis and Treatment of Acute Tubular Necrosis Matthew L. Esson and Robert W. Schrier Management of Acute Renal Failure Robert W. Schrier and Matthew L. Esson Management of Acute Renal Failure William L. Jackson Jr. Management of Acute Renal Failure Tihomir Stefanec Metrics 16 September 2003Volume 139, Issue 6Page: 530KeywordsAcute renal failureExcretionResearch laboratoriesSodiumUrine ePublished: 16 September 2003 Issue Published: 16 September 2003 CopyrightCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Clinical Trials in the Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: R C Butler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

The authors set out to review such clinical trials as have been conducted in the rheumatic diseases.Individual chapters are devoted to trials in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, seronegative arthritides, crystal arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and low back pain.In addition, there is a useful preliminary chapter on methodological considerations in clinical trials and a final chapter which includes a proposal for a system by which the design, execution, and analysis of trials may be coded so as to improve reporting and interpretation of trials.
CSM Update: Review of yellow cards -- 1986 and 1987
Authors: J L Bem, R D Mann, M D Rawlins
Journal: BMJ (1988)

SINCE 1986 MODIFIED versions of the yellow card have been included in both NHS prescription pads and the back of the British National Formulary.As a result of their greater accessibility the total number of suspected adverse drug reactions reported on yellow cards in 1986 was much greater than ever before (table I).TABLE I-Numbers (and percentages) of adverse reaction reports received by CSM in 1986 and 1987 1986
Treatment of the Crigler–Najjar Syndrome Type I with Hepatocyte Transplantation
Authors: Ira J. Fox, Jayanta Roy Chowdhury, Stuart S. Kaufman, Timothy C. Goertzen, Namita Roy Chowdhury, Phyllis I. Warkentin, Kenneth Dorko, Bernhard V. Sauter, Stephen C. Strom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Crigler–Najjar syndrome type I is a recessively inherited disorder characterized by severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia beginning at birth. The syndrome results from an absence of hepatic uridine diphosphoglucuronate (UDP) glucuronosyltransferase activity, which is essential for the conjugation and excretion of bilirubin. Because of the accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in plasma, patients are at risk for kernicterus.1 Although phototherapy successfully reduces serum bilirubin levels, patients are again at risk for kernicterus around the time of puberty, when phototherapy becomes less effective.2 The necessary daily duration of phototherapy often approaches 14 to 16 hours. At present, liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment. . . .
Hygiene of Music.
Authors: Arthur L. Hermann
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Minneapolis, Minn., Oct. 2, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A medical friend having called my attention to your interesting article on "The Hygiene of Music," in your issue of September 24, I beg leave to offer a few suggestions in amplification of your remarks. The question as to whether music appeals exclusively to the emotional appears to be mooted rather one-sidedly. In music, as in any other field of education, we do not make a sufficiently clear distinction between appreciation and creation. Waiving the discussion as to whether the excessive indulgence in either branch (I use this expression for want of a better one) must needs result detrimentally to the individual, I desire to call attention to the fact that when the intellect is to be employed, there is a vast difference between a mere indulgence in rendered music and the execution of music. Your esteemed colleague, the recently departed Dr.
Hypereosinophilic syndrome: Long-term remission following allogeneic stem cell transplant in spite of transient eosinophilia post-transplant
Authors: Maureen A. Cooper, Luke P. Akard, James M. Thompson, Michael J. Dugan, Jan Jansen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

A 38-year-old male with progressive myeloproliferative variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a matched unrelated donor.The preparative regimen consisted of TBI, cytarabine, and cyclophosphamide.The graft was T-cell-depleted.The patient had slow, but complete, hematologic recovery, and all cells were shown by VNTR analysis to be of donor origin.Five months after transplant, the patient developed prominent eosinophilia (peak 4.1 • 10 9 /L) with dermatographism and very high IL-5 levels.Eosinophils isolated to purity by cell sorting were all of donor origin.Mild increase in immunosuppression led to a normalization of eosinophil count after about 6 months.The patient is now 6 years after transplant, off all medications, and without evidence of disease.Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation is a potentially curative therapy for HES.Am.
Oral Contraceptives, Postmenopausal Hormones, and Risk of Asynchronous Bilateral Breast Cancer: The WECARE Study Group
Authors: Jane C. Figueiredo, Leslie Bernstein, Marinela Capanu, Kathleen E. Malone, Charles F. Lynch, Hoda Anton-Culver, Marilyn Stovall, Lisbeth Bertelsen, Robert W. Haile, Jonine L. Bernstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To investigate whether oral contraceptive (OC) use and postmenopausal hormones (PMH) are associated with an increased risk of developing asynchronous bilateral breast cancer among women diagnosed with breast cancer younger than 55 years.The WECARE (Women's Environment, Cancer, and Radiation Epidemiology) study is a population-based, multicenter, case-control study of 708 women with asynchronous bilateral breast cancer and 1,395 women with unilateral breast cancer. Risk factor information collected during a telephone interview focused on exposures before and after the first breast cancer diagnosis. Treatment and tumor characteristics were abstracted from medical records. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% CIs.OC use before the first breast cancer diagnosis was not associated with risk of asynchronous bilateral breast cancer (RR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.16). OC use after breast cancer diagnosis was also not significantly associated with risk (RR = 1.56; 95% CI, 0.71 to 3.45). Risk did not increase with longer duration of use or among women who had begun using OCs at a younger age. No evidence of an increased risk of asynchronous bilateral breast cancer was observed with PMH use before (RR = 1.21; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.61) or after breast cancer diagnosis (RR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.77). Neither duration nor type of PMH were associated with risk. Age at and time since first breast cancer diagnosis did not substantially affect these results.This study provides no strong evidence that OC or PMH use increases the risk of a second cancer in the contralateral breast.
Regulating the price of the uk's drugs: second thoughts after the government's first report
Authors: A. Earl-Slater
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Few industries in the UK are directly subject to profit regulation by central government. One such industry is the pharmaceutical industry supplying drugs to the NHS, which has had its profits regulated since 1969. Yet only in May 1996 did the government produce its first annual report on the regulatory scheme, and even then the report fails to cast much light on the scheme. In particular, there are seven major problems with the regulations and the way they are negotiated: they lack robust reasoning, a theoretical basis, an empirical basis, transparency, accountability, due process, and an analysis of their impact. Moreover, patients and health professionals are excluded from the bargaining process. All these problems could be resolved if the political will to debate them emerges. <h3>Key points</h3> To a degree profits are a stimulus for companies to produce new and better products Drug profits on sales to the NHS have been regulated by central government since 1969 In May 1996 the government produced its first annual report on the profit regulations Most patients and healthcare professionals are disenfranchised from the regulatory bargains There are additional problems with the regulations and report: a lack of robust reasoning for the regulations; a lack of theoretical basis; a lack of empirical basis; a lack of transparency; a lack of accountability; a lack of due process and a lack of impact analysis These problems can be resolved but only if the political will exists
Polymorphism at the TNF superfamily gene TNFSF4 confers susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Deborah S Cunninghame Graham, Robert R Graham, Harinder Manku, Andrew K Wong, John C Whittaker, Patrick M Gaffney, Kathy L Moser, John D Rioux, David Altshuler, Timothy W Behrens, Timothy J Vyse
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Liver Biopsy Interpretation
Authors: Martin A. Swerdlow
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This relatively small, 138-page book is an excellent resource and practical guide for pathologists and others concerned with the microscopic interpretation of liver biopsies. The text is concise and lucid, and the profuse illustrations are of superior quality. The author lists his objectives in writing the book. He wants to provide a practical aid in liver biopsy diagnosis, to emphasize the range of appearances of the liver in different diseases, to underline the special problems presented by examining a minute and unrepresentative part of a large organ. All of these objectives are achieved. He makes no attempt to cover the whole field of liver pathology. Particularly appealing is the stress the author lays on clinical correlation with microscopic changes, and on the realistic limitations of liver biopsy as well as the place of liver biopsy among other tests of hepatic dysfunction. The book deals primarily with stained paraffin sections, although
Sodium valproate-induced cutaneous pseudolymphoma followed by recurrence with carbamazepine
Authors: O. Cogrel, M. Beylot-Barry, B. Vergier, P. Dubus, M.S. Doutre, J.P. Merlio, C. Beylot
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

We report a patient with a sodium valproate-induced cutaneous pseudolymphoma, presenting with an erythematous papule, histologically mimicking a non-epidermotropic T-cell lymphoma. Polymerase chain reaction study of the skin biopsy revealed monoclonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor γ gene. Withdrawal of sodium valproate was followed by regression of the lesion, but 5 months after substitution by carbamazepine, two further papules appeared, with similar histological features and a T-cell clone identical to the initial one. Carbamazepine was stopped and the lesions disappeared without relapse over a 4-year follow-up. Sodium valproate is very rarely responsible for a hypersensitivity syndrome, and our case is the first report of sodium valproate-induced cutaneous pseudolymphoma. The recurrence with carbamazepine may be due to a common effect on T-cell lymphocyte function. The return of the same monoclonal population shows that the recurrence of monoclonal T cells may be observed in benign conditions and is not an exclusive hallmark of cutaneous lymphoma.
Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy Associates With Micro- or Macroangiopathy
Authors: Lars Kärvestedt, Eva Mårtensson, Valdemar Grill, Stig Elofsson, Gunvor von Wendt, Anders Hamsten, Kerstin Brismar
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—To assess associations between peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN) and other diabetes-related complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD—In an area-based cohort of type 2 diabetic subjects, we investigated 156 subjects (age 61.7 ± 7.2 years and diabetes duration 7.0 ± 5.7 years) by questionnaires, clinical examinations, blood and urine sampling, and review of medical records. RESULTS—Prevalence of PSN, assessed by monofilament and neurothesiometer testing, increased with severity of retinopathy (50% frequency in moderate and 100% in severe or proliferative retinopathy; P = 0.02). Vibration perception threshold was higher in subjects with retinopathy (25.6 ± 8.9 vs. 20.5 ± 8.9 V; P = 0.007). PSN was more common in subjects with overt nephropathy, with higher vibration perception thresholds, than in subjects without overt nephropathy. Subjects with PSN but no retinopathy had twice the prevalence of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (52%) as subjects with both PSN and retinopathy (19%; P = 0.05). In subjects with PSN alone, PVD was three times more likely (52%) than in subjects without PSN (16%; P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, PSN was independently associated with PVD (odds ratio 2.31; P = 0.007), age (1.12; P = 0.008), male sex (2.01; P = 0.02), and HDL cholesterol (0.21; P &amp;lt; 0.05) and tended to be independently associated with IGF-1 binding protein (1.03; P = 0.05) but not with diabetes duration or A1C. CONCLUSIONS—In a representative population of type 2 diabetes, PSN is related to microvascular and macrovascular pathology. PSN is possibly affected by the IGF axis.
Ca <sup>2+</sup> /Calmodulin Kinase II-Dependent Phosphorylation of Ryanodine Receptors Suppresses Ca <sup>2+</sup> Sparks and Ca <sup>2+</sup> Waves in Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Dongmei Yang, Wei-Zhong Zhu, Bailong Xiao, Didier X.P. Brochet, S.R. Wayne Chen, Edward G. Lakatta, Rui-Ping Xiao, Heping Cheng
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

The multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta(C) (CaMKIIdelta(C)) is found in the macromolecular complex of type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) Ca(2+) release channels in the heart. However, the functional role of CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of RyR2 is highly controversial. To address this issue, we expressed wild-type, constitutively active, or dominant-negative CaMKIIdelta(C) via adenoviral gene transfer in cultured adult rat ventricular myocytes. CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of RyR2 was reduced, enhanced, or unaltered by dominant-negative, constitutively active, or wild-type CaMKIIdelta(C) expression, whereas phosphorylation of phospholamban at Thr17, an endogenous indicator of CaMKII activity, was at 73%, 161%, or 115% of the control group expressing beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), respectively. In parallel with the phospholamban phosphorylation, the decay kinetics of global Ca(2+) transients was slowed, accelerated, or unchanged, whereas spontaneous Ca(2+) spark activity was hyperactive, depressed, or unchanged in dominant-negative, constitutively active, or wild-type CaMKIIdelta(C) groups, respectively. When challenged by high extracellular Ca(2+), both wild-type and constitutively active CaMKIIdelta(C) protected the cells from store overload-induced Ca(2+) release, manifested by a approximately 60% suppression of Ca(2+) waves (at 2 to 20 mmol/L extracellular Ca(2+)) in spite of an elevated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) content, whereas dominant-negative CaMKIIdelta(C) promoted Ca(2+) wave production (at 20 mmol/L Ca(2+)) with significantly depleted sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+). Taken together, our data support the notion that CaMKIIdelta(C) negatively regulates RyR2 activity and spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release, thereby affording a negative feedback that stabilizes local and global Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release in the heart.