tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiosurgery for brain tumours
Authors: C B T Adams, J. C Ganz
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—Brada and Cruickshank criticise the use of radiosurgery in general and gamma knife radiosurgery in particular, apparently because of the lack of any controlled trials or robust case-control studies to show its efficacy.1 Of course controlled trials are desirable, but if treatments are withheld until data from such trials are available then few, if any, neurosurgical operations or conventional radiotherapy treatments would be carried out. David Forster and his team at Sheffield have reported studies of gamma knife radiosurgery for otherwise inoperable arteriovenous malformations and for acoustic neuromas.2 Is a controlled trial of radiosurgery needed when the end point is angiographically proved obliteration of the arteriovenous malformation or reduction of tumour volume as seen on magnetic resonance imaging?

To denigrate radiosurgery is misleading. Nor should it be a matter of choosing between open surgery or radiosurgery, because both methods can be used in concert. A large skull base meningioma can be reduced in size by open surgery to allow radiosurgery to be given to the difficult remnant, thus reducing overall morbidity for the patient.

A debate exists about the two methods of applying radiosurgery—the gamma knife and the linear accelerator3; certainly maintenance of the linear accelerator equipment is much more demanding, and the number of patients who can be treated per machine is lower than with the gamma knife. The linear accelerator, however, can be used with tumours elsewhere, whereas the gamma knife is appropriate only for intracranial lesions. Both methods are needed.

Brada and Cruickshank assert that radiosurgery for brain tumours is associated with a higher toxicity than that seen with conventional fractionated radiotherapy “without the assurance of long term efficacy.” This is misleading, for the two techniques are entirely different and have different objectives. Radiosurgery creates discrete tissue damage in one session—hence the term “surgery.” It is used to treat discrete abnormalities with well defined margins, unlike conventional radiotherapy.

More and better follow up studies are of course needed, but Brada and Cruickshank’s editorial does not convey reasoned information to doctors wishing to know more about radiosurgery. If I had a small acoustic neuroma, a deep arteriovenous malformation, a small but inaccessible skull base meningioma, or a solitary metastasis then I would prefer gamma knife radiosurgery to open surgery. I am impressed by its accuracy, simplicity, relative safety, and efficacy and the fact that it is virtually an outpatient procedure.
La tuberculose en Autriche : distribution géographique et tendances, de 1995 à 1999
Authors: R. Strauss, G. G. Fülöp, C. Pfeifer
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

Une etude descriptive des donnees de surveillance en routine de la tuberculose (TB) a ete menee de 1995 a 1999 en Autriche. Les Etats Federaux de Vienne et de Haute-Autriche presentaient les incidences annuelles les plus elevees pendant les cinq annees etudiees. Cependant, une baisse de l'incidence a generalement ete observee pour tous les etats, excepte la Carinthie (avec une faible augmentation de 3,2%). Dans les villes de Vienne, Linz, Wels, Salzbourg, Klagenfurt et St-Polten, ainsi que dans les regions du Tyrol oriental, de la Carinthie du sud et du Burgenland du sud, l'incidence depassait la moyenne (g19/100 000 dans chaque cas). Le nombre de cas par annee et par district rapporte par le systeme de declaration obligatoire depassait nettement celui notifie par les hopitaux. La comparaison des deux bases de donnees montrait neanmoins une correlation regionale tres significative des taux de morbidite standardises par âge au niveau du district. Les resultats sont sujets au biais de notification et pourraient donner une image deformee de la situation reelle de la TB. Les responsables de sante publique devraient ainsi considerer ces resultats comme une  hypothese de travail  pour etudier les comportements de notification dans chaque district.
Interstitial fluid pressure measurements in solid tumors via radio-telemetry in conscious freely moving orthotopic BN472 tumor bearing rats
Authors: Terence M. O’Reilly, Christian R. Schnell, Stephane Ferretti, Paul McSheehy, Jeanette M. Wood
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

1144   Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) is an important factor in transcapillary fluid exchange and impacts interstitial fluid volume. Most solid malignancies display interstitial hypertension which is associated with the development of structurally and functionally abnormal blood vessels. This increased tumor IFP acts as a barrier for tumor transvascular transport, and consequently compromises the delivery and effectiveness of anti-tumor therapies. Conventionally, IFP is measured using the wick-in needle (WIN) technique whereby a needle, connected with a pressure transducer, is inserted into tumors and the pressure monitored. However, this procedure requires that the animal is anaesthetized. Moreover, measurements can only be performed at a limited number of time points and therefore does not allow continuous monitoring over time. We have adapted a miniaturized radio-telemetry system, initially designed to record blood pressure (BP) in small animals, for the continuous recording of IFP in a rat mammary carcinoma model (BN472) in freely moving Brown-Norwegian rats. We found a good correlation between IFP measurements performed via the WIN or telemetry technique but IFP was lower (24%) in the anaesthetized rats. A clear diurnal rhythm in IFP was observed when IFP was monitored continuously in the conscious rats. PTK787/ZK 222584, a potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was also evaluated in this model and was shown to decrease IFP within 12 h of dosing (-25 %). The effect persisted for over 24 h (-19 %) and increased after repeated daily dosing (-37 % at day 4). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that radio-telemetry allows continuous physiological measurements of IFP in unstressed, conscious, freely-moving rats and the monitoring of the effects of treatment with compounds that lower IFP. This method is useful for monitoring pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic relationships of drugs influencing IFP and may be useful in other disease models where IFP is increased e.g. osteoarthritis.
Leishmaniasis Among Chewing-gum Collectors
Authors: P C GARNHAM, D K LEWIS
Journal: BMJ (1959)

A CASE OF MANY LESIONS BRDIM^SH 229 a thrombocytopenia and purpura, but usually I think in conjunction with a general aplastic anaemia.Dr. J. G. SCADDING: There is one point about the streptomycin treatment.I take it the streptomycin was reduced in dosage because of the high blood urea ?Dr. KINCAID-SMITH: Yes.We did try to control the level with blood streptomycin estimations.Dr. C. L. COPE: Isn't it worth making the point of how often we see disseminated lupus preceded by what was apparently quite typical rheumatoid arthritis, and before that by quite typical rheumatic fever ?We have seen a number of examples of this in the last two or three years.
Abstract 3570: A Critical and Novel Role of Nogo (Neurite Outgrowth Inhibitor) in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Gopinath Sutendra, Sebastien Bonnet, Paulette Wright, Peter Dromparis, Alois Haromy, William Sessa, Evangelos Michelakis
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Nogo was first identified as an inhibitor of neuronal axonal regeneration. Recently, Nogo-B was implicated in the proliferative and anti-apoptotic remodeling in systemic arteries; reduced Nogo-B expression was seen in remodeled mouse femoral arteries following injury. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is also characterized by proliferative/anti-apoptotic remodeling in pulmonary arteries (PA), sparing systemic vessels. PAH PA smooth muscle cells (PASMC) are characterized by mitochondrial hyperpolarization (increased ΔΨm), decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (suppressing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis), down-regulation of Kv1.5 and activation of the transcription factor NFAT (promoting contraction and proliferation). We found that in contrast to systemic vessels, Nogo-B expression is significantly increased in vivo and in vitro in PAs and PASMCs from patients (n=6) and mice (n=42) with PAH, compared to normals. We hypothesized that Nogo is involved in the pathogenesis of PAH . Nogo −/− mice (n=7) had a normal phenotype and, in contrast to Nogo +/+ , did not develop chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced PAH assessed invasively (catheterization, RV/LV+Septum) and non-invasively (pulmonary artery acceleration time and treadmill performance) (n=7, Table ). CH- Nogo +/+ PASMC had the expected increase in ΔΨm (measured by TMRM), decreased ROS (MitoSOX), increased [Ca ++ ] i (FLUO3), decreased Kv1.5 (immunohistochemistry) and NFAT activation (nuclear translocation). None of these changes occurred in CH- Nogo −/− PASMC while all were induced in normoxic Nogo +/+ PASMC by adenoviral over-expression of Nogo-B . Heterozygote CH- Nogo +/− (n=7) values were between Nogo −/− and Nogo +/+ suggesting a gene dose-dependent effect. Nogo is over-expressed in human and rodent PAH and induces critical features of the PAH phenotype. Nogo targeting might represent a novel and selective therapeutic strategy for PAH. Table
American Medicine and the People's Health. An Outline with Statistical Data on the Organization of Medicine in the United States, with Special Reference to the Adjustment of Medical Service to Social and Economic Change.
Authors: Harry H. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The role of MEKK3 in osteosarcoma invasion and metastasis
Authors: Ling Yu, Xiaofang Wang, Robert R. Langley, Hui Guan, Jie Feng, Bing Su, Eugenie S Kleinerman
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

1819   Osteosarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed bone tumor in adolescents and young adults. Despite effective control of the primary tumor and aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy, death from pulmonary metastasis occurs in approximately 40-50% of patients and has not improved in over 2 decades despite multiple changes in the chemotherapy regimens. Osteosarcoma is an excellent model to study the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor metastasis to the lung. Evidence indicated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity is linked to early osteosarcoma metastasis through activation of the membrane-cytoskeleton linker ezrin, but the molecular mechanisms involved in the intracellular signal transduction remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of MEKK3, a member of the MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, in metastasis and invasion of osteosarcoma. MEKK3 belongs to the MEKK/TE11 subgroup of the MAP3K family. Upon phosphorylation, MEKK3 is activated and subsequently phosphorylate and activate downstream signaling molecules, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38. This activation not only links diverse extracellular stimuli to subsequent signaling molecules but also amplifies the initiating signals to ultimately activate the effector molecules and induce cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. We established an MEKK3 down-regulated murine osteosarcoma cell line (Dunn) by lentiviral-mediated delivery of small interfering RNA. This system successfully knocked down the MEKK3 level to only 5% of the normal level, as determined by immunoprecipitation and western blotting analysis. We examined tumor cell migration and invasion and found that the migration rate was dramatically reduced in cells with down regulated MEKK3. This initial study suggested that MEKK3 may play a role in osteosarcoma tumor invasion and metastasis.
Left Atrial Volume Predicts the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Martin Osranek, Kaniz Fatema, Fatema Qaddoura, Ahmed Al-Saileek, Marion E. Barnes, Kent R. Bailey, Bernard J. Gersh, Teresa S.M. Tsang, Kenton J. Zehr, James B. Seward
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
LP45 : The hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen impedes hepadnaviral replication-dependent interferon responses in a HBV transgenic mouse model
Authors: C.I. Real, M. Lu, M. Hossbach, J. Deckert, K. Jahn-Hofmann, L.M. Ickenstein, M.J. John, M. Trippler, K. Gibbert, U. Dittmer, H.-P. Vornlocher, R. Schirmbeck, G. Gerken, J.F. Schlaak, R. Broering
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Abstract 14841: A Video-based Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Analysis System “See-CPR”
Authors: Chih-Wei Yang, Min-Chun Hu, Ja-Ling Wu, Joar Eilevstjønn, Matthew Huei-Ming Ma
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives: Various devices, either expensive or inconvenient, were developed to monitor the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which is crucial to resuscitation performance and patien...
Abstract 2541: The Impact of Arterial Remodeling on the Occurrence of Complicated Plaque Features: An in vivo MRI study
Authors: Tobias Saam, Hunter R Underhill, Baocheng Chu, Norihide Takaya, Jianming Cai, Konstantin Nikolaou, Maximilian F Reiser, Chun Yuan, Thomas S Hatsukami
Journal: Circulation (2007)

PURPOSE: Positive Remodeling is considered to be a feature of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. Via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we sought to determine the relationship between the prevalence of complex carotid atherosclerotic lesions (AHA-LT6+luminal surface defect, hemorrhage/thrombus or calcified nodule) and arterial remodeling. METHODS&amp;MATERIALS: 175 subjects with 1–99% stenosis as measured by duplex ultrasound had their bilateral carotid arteries imaged at 1.5T. After excluding arteries with previous endarterectomy or poor image quality, there were 260 arteries available for analysis. AHA-LT6, lumen, wall, total vessel (lumen=wall) areas and normalized wall index (NWI = wall area/total vessel area) were determined by the consensus opinion of 2 experienced carotid MRI reviewers. RESULTS: There was a highly significant negative correlation between minimum lumen area and AHA-LT6, and highly significant positive correlations between maximum wall area / maximum NWI and AHA-LT6 (see Table ). No significant correlation between occurrence of complicated plaque features and maximum total vessel area was observed. Furthermore, arteries with AHA-LT6 had significantly smaller minimum lumen areas, larger mean wall areas and larger maximum NWIs than arteries without AHA-LT6 (p&lt;.001). No significant difference between arteries with and without AHA-LT6 was found for the total vessel area. CONCLUSIONS: Occurrence of complicated AHA Type VI lesions is related to arterial lumen and wall dimensions. The absence of a significant correlation between total vessel area and AHA Type VI lesions suggests that outward remodeling has a minor role in the development of these complicated lesions in carotid arteries. Correlation of Quantitative Plaque Area Measurements with the Occurrence of Complicated Plaque Featu
DISEASES DUE TO INTESTINAL PARASITES IN COLOMBIA, AND THEIR TREATMENT
Authors: O. T. Brosius, W. A. Bishop
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhibition of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary tumors by Epican Forte, a novel anti-cancer agent.
Authors: Waheed M. Roomi, Nusrath W. Roomi, Vadim Ivanov, Matthias Rath, Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

3815 

Breast cancer in women, is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. In 1996 alone, 910,000 new cases were diagnosed, accounting for 9% of all new cancers. Incidence and mortality from cancer are, in general, steadily increasing, especially in developed societies. We have developed strategies to inhibit cancer development and its spread using naturally occurring nutrients, such as: lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract. Such a unique formulation, Epican Forte (EF), was shown to exert synergestic anticancer activity in vitro in a number of cancer cell lines, including human breast, by inhibiting cancer cell growth, matrix metalloproteinase expression (by zymography), and invasive ability. The present study examines the in vivo effect of EF on development of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary tumors in rats. For this purpose, 50-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were initiated with a single dose of MNU (50 mg/Kg, i.p.). Two weeks post MNU treatment, a time by which the animals had recovered from MNU-induced toxicity, the rats were divided into two groups. Group I was fed Purina chow diet, while Group 2 was fed the same diet supplemented with 0.5% EF. Twenty-four weeks thereafter the rats were euthanized and skinned, and tumors were processed. The results indicated that EF inhibited MNU-induced mammary tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity (number tumors per rat), and tumor burden by 44%, 55%, and 66% respectively. The inhibitory effect of EF was also reflected in decreased tumor weight. For example, tumor weight per rat and per group was decreased by 44% and 22% respectively. These results suggest that EF significantly inhibits the incidence, as well as growth, of MNU-induced mammary tumors, and has strong potential as a useful therapeutic regimen for inhibiting breast cancer development.
Should insurance companies have access to patients' medical records?
Authors: A. Rahman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

when abnormalities had been reported by patients-that is, lumpy semen (cells and spermatozoa around eggs), semen that was more fluid than usual, blood in the semen, or discoloration of the semen.Often this group of travellers has been exposed to potentially infected waters in a range of coun- tries in Africa.The references cited by P Jordan and G Webbe attest to the longstanding focus of infection in Lake Malawi.Our point in emphasising the occurrence of infection among those exposed only in this lake was to indicate that travellers are often not aware of this risk.
Abstract 16253: The DNA Glycosylase Neil3 Regulates Stem Cell Recruitment, Cell Proliferation and DNA Repair Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Alexandra V Finsen, Gunn Hildrestrand, Ivar Sjaastad, Leif Erik Vinge, William Louch, Øystein Sandanger, Christine G Neurater, Luisa Luna, Lars Gullestad, Geir Christensen, Pål Aukrust, Arne Yndestad, Magnar Bjørås
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Accumulation of DNA damage by impaired base excision repair (BER) could play a role in the pathogenesis of myocardial failure. The DNA glycosylase Neil3 is known to carry out BER during...
The behavior of hypersexual delinquent girls
Authors: J D Goodman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The author presents case reports of seven girls with histories of hypersexual behavior associated with delinquency, aggressive behavior, and hypomania. Six of the girls had been exposed to virilizing hormones in utero or in childhood. Most of the girls in the sample were hirsute, tended toward mesomorphic build, and had been young at menarche. The author postulates that exposure to virilizing hormones can result in the kind of hypersexuality and delinquent behavior observed in his sample; he points out the need for adequate medical attention to this type of patient.
Abstract CT119: Early results from a phase II study of RRx-001, a novel, triple epigenetic inhibitor, showing resensitization to irinotecan in colorectal cancer
Authors: Tony Reid, George Fisher, Corey Carter, Cheryl Cho-Phan, Pamela Kunz, Bryan Oronsky, Gary R. Fanger, Scott Caroen, Christopher Parker, Jan Scicinski
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Resistance acquisition to standard therapy in advanced colon cancer leads to poor patient survival. Epigenetic therapies can potentially reverse the chemoresistant phenotype. RRx-001, a novel ROS-mediated epigenetic modifier may resensitize to irinotecan-based therapies and increase overall survival compared to standard third-line regorafenib. Methods: The phase II ROCKET study evaluates a sequential rechallenge to irinotecan-based therapies after RRx-001 or regorafenib. Patients with an ECOG PS 0-1 with irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer who progressed on oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-based regimens with or without bevacizumab, cetuximab or panitumumab are randomized 2:1 to receive RRx-001 16.5 mg/m2 IV 1x/week or regorafenib 160 mg orally 21 of 28 days until progression or unacceptable toxicity followed by treatment with refractory irinotecan-based therapies. The primary end point is overall survival with secondary endpoints to investigate resensitization. The study is planned to accrue approx. 190 patients and recruitment is ongoing. Study Status and Results: To date, 23 patients have been randomized with 10 patients evaluable for resensitization. Post RRx-001 patients demonstrated marked decreases in CEA in all 6 patients as compared to 4 patients receiving regorafenib who were too systemically unwell to proceed to subsequent treatment. Conclusions: Early results in this study suggest that resensitization to irinotecan-based therapies mediated by RRx-001, a systemically non-toxic novel epigenetic inhibitor, may be a general effect. These early results are intriguing and may predict for increased overall survival, adding an additional regimen after disease progression. The trial is continuing. Citation Format: Tony Reid, George Fisher, Corey Carter, Cheryl Cho-Phan, Pamela Kunz, Bryan Oronsky, Gary R. Fanger, Scott Caroen, Christopher Parker, Jan Scicinski. Early results from a phase II study of RRx-001, a novel, triple epigenetic inhibitor, showing resensitization to irinotecan in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr CT119. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-CT119