tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human skin fibroblasts: From mesodermal to hepatocyte-like differentiation
Authors: Philippe A. Lysy, Françoise Smets, Catherine Sibille, Mustapha Najimi, Etienne M. Sokal
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The phenotypic homology of fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been recently described. Our study investigated the in vitro potential of human skin fibroblasts to differentiate into mesodermal (osteocyte and adipocyte) and endodermal (hepatocyte) cell lineages by comparison with human bone marrow (hBM) MSCs. The endodermal potential of fibroblasts was then explored in vivo in a mouse model of liver injury. Fibroblasts were able to acquire osteocyte and adipocyte phenotypes as assessed by cytochemistry and gene expression analyses. After exposure to a specific differentiation cocktail, these cells presented hepatocyte-like morphology and acquired liver-specific markers on protein and gene expression levels. Furthermore, these fibroblast-derived hepatocyte-like cells (FDHLCs) displayed the ability to store glycogen and synthesize small amounts of urea. By gene expression analysis, we observed that fibroblasts remained in a mesenchymal-epithelial transition state after hepatocyte differentiation. Moreover, FDHLCs lost their hepatocyte-like phenotype after dedifferentiation. In vivo, human fibroblasts infused directly into the liver of hepatectomized severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice engrafted in situ and expressed hepatocyte markers (albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, and cytokeratin 18) together with the mesodermal marker fibronectin. Despite lower liver-specific marker expression, the in vitro and in vivo differentiation profile of fibroblasts was comparable to that of mesenchymal-derived hepatocyte-like cells (MDHLCs). In conclusion, our work demonstrates that human skin fibroblasts are able to display mesodermal and endodermal differentiation capacities and provides arguments that these cells share MSCs features both on the phenotypic and functional levels. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;46:1574–1585.)
THE METABOLISM OF l-TYROSINE IN INFANTILE SCURVY 1
Authors: Jeffrey E. Morris, Eleanor R. Harpur, Alton Goldbloom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

Attention has been drawn by Levine, Marples, and Gordon (1) to the relationship between ascorbic acid and the urinary excretion of aromatic amino acid intermediates by the normal premature male infant, both during periods of high protein intake and supplemental tyrosine and phenylalanine ingestion. To our knowledge, no reports have been forthcoming of similar studies with older, ascorbic acid depleted subjects.3 This communication is concerned with the metabolism of l-tyrosine in infantile scurvy. Observations have been made on the urinary excretion products, the serum content of both hydroxyphenyl compounds and amino acid nitrogen. Sealock and his co-workers (2) have demonstrated that the oral administration of l-tyrosine to scorbutic guinea pigs results in the urinary excretion of the amino acid and its two principal deaminated products, parahydroxyphenylpyruvic and parahydroxyphenyllactic acids. A proof that this metabolic disorder is primarily dependent upon the state of ascorbic acid depletion is afforded by the observation that the tyrosyluria (hydroxyphenyluria) is abolished when the vitamin is given orally or parenterally. Certain liver extracts are capable of modifying an induced tyrosyluria ( 1, 3), and recently Woodruff and Darby (4, 5) have indicated that pteroylglutamic acid (PGA) exerts a similar effect in the depleted guinea pig maintained on a basal scorbutogenic diet with supplements of l-tyrosine. By the administration of PGA to normal premature infants, Govan and Gordon (6) in several instances observed a diminution in the tyrosyluria
Reversal of Nonresponders and Postexposure Prophylaxis by Intradermal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Japanese Medical Personnel
Authors: Seiho Nagafuchi, Seizaburo Kashiwagi, Kenji Okada, Keizo Anzai, Minoru Nakamura, Yasuharu Nishimura, Takehiko Sasazuki, Yoshiyuki Niho
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Thirty-one Japanese nonresponders to subcutaneous hepatitis B vaccination and 15 medical personnel who were accidentally exposed to specimens positive for hepatitis B e antigen and were given hepatitis B immunoglobulin were intradermally immunized with 5 μg of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine every 2 weeks until delayed type hypersensitivity skin reaction to hepatitis B surface antigen became positive. Thirty (97%) of the 31 nonresponders developed delayed type hypersensitivity skin reactions to hepatitis B surface antigen after 2.3 ±1.2 (mean±SD) revaccinations. Twenty-nine (94%) of the 31 nonresponders had anti—hepatitis B surface antigen antibody levels greater than 10 IU/L. The immunoglobulin subclass of the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen was mainly IgG1. After 1 year, 23 (74%) of the 31 nonresponders continued to have anti—hepatitis B surface antigen antibody levels greater than 10 IU/L. Persons accidentally exposed to specimens positive for hepatitis B e antigen developed delayed type hypersensitivity skin reactions to hepatitis B surface antigen following 3.1 ±1.1 revaccinations. None developed clinical hepatitis. There was no production of anti—hepatitis B core antigen antibody 1 year after exposure, indicating that protection was 100%. Intradermal hepatitis B vaccination is useful in reversing nonresponsiveness to hepatitis B surface antigen and for prophylaxis after exposure. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:2679-2683)
Effect of exercise training programme on bone mineral density in novice college rowers.
Authors: B Cohen, P J Millett, B Mist, M A Laskey, N Rushton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

Exercise has important effects on skeletal mineralization. Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry were investigated in a group of 17 male novice college oarsmen over a 7-month period and were compared with eight age-matched controls. The rowing training programme consisted of approximately 8 h rowing, 1 h weight training, and 1 h running per week. After 7 months training the mean BMD of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) had increased significantly by 2.9% (P < 0.001) and the mean BMC had increased by 4.2% (P < 0.001). There was no significant change in the control group. Neither group showed a significant change in BMD or BMC in the femoral neck, greater trochanter or Ward's triangle. This study provides further evidence that exercise plays an important role in bone mineral formation.
Full-Thickness Macular Hole after LASIK for the Correction of Myopia
Authors: J. Fernando Arevalo, Aristides J. Mendoza, Wandsy Velez-Vazquez, Francisco J. Rodriguez, Alvaro Rodriguez, Jose Luis Rosales-Meneses, Juan B. Yepez, Ernesto Ramirez, Amr Dessouki, Clement K. Chan, Robert A. Mittra, Robert C. Ramsay, Reinaldo A. Garcia, José M. Ruiz-Moreno
Journal: Ophthalmology (2005)
Time as a Risk Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Gudrun Nyberg, Owe Larsson, Per-Ola Attman, Göran Granérus, Gunnela Nordén
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Eighteen individuals with IDDM (type I) and diabetic nephropathy in whom the initial glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was reduced but not below 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 were observed for an average of 3 yr. The rate of further decline of GFR was found to range between −2 and 21 ml/min/yr. The duration of diabetes until the GFR was first found to be reduced varied between 14 and 33 yr and was not correlated to the ensuing rate of decline in GFR (r = −0.13). In 10 individuals who developed uremia 40 yr or more after onset of IDDM, the development of persistent ptoteinuria was followed by hypertension and increased serum creatinine 2 yr later and by terminal uremia after an average of 8 yr. This is also the normal time span for individuals who develop terminal uremia after shorter duration of diabetes. We conclude that the course of clinical diabetic nephropathy is not more favorable in individuals with late onset of this complication and that there is no point at which a person with diabetes can be considered to be spared from developing diabetic nephropathy.
Abstract 3529: A direct mass spectrometry approach for HPV T cell epitope identification
Authors: Renata Blatnik*, Stephanie Hoppe*, Martin Wühl, Agnieszka K. Grabowska, Angelika B. Riemer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract To rationally design therapeutic cancer vaccines, it is important to know which T cell epitopes are present on cancer cells. Malignant transformation affects the cellular antigen processing machinery, thus not every epitope derived from intracellular proteins is necessarily presented by MHC molecules on the cancer cell surface. Up to now, T cell epitopes have mostly been defined by indirect methods, such as screening peptide libraries for MHC binders, and subsequent lymphocyte reactivity and cytotoxicity assays. However, all these assays with externally added peptides do not answer the question whether a candidate epitope is naturally processed and presented on the malignant cell. This can now be elucidated by using highly sensitive mass spectrometry approaches. For this study, we chose high-risk HPV-driven cancers as a model system. The induction and maintenance of the malignant phenotype in these tumors are dependent on two viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, which are therefore present in all stages of HPV-driven cancers. We here aimed to assess the presence of T cell epitopes restricted by the major MHC class I supertypes, namely HLA-A1, A2, A3, A11, A24, B7, and B15, on HPV16-transformed cells. Prospective epitopes from the HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins for the above MHC supertypes were identified by high-throughput in silico epitope predictions, employing several web-based prediction algorithms. These peptides were tested for MHC binding in cellular binding assays on B-LCL of the respective HLA type. Finally, MHC-peptide complexes were immunoprecipitated from HPV16-transformed cells, and the presence of candidate epitopes was analyzed by nano-HPLC-MS2 and MS3 mass spectrometry. Binding of the majority of predicted peptides to the respective HLA allele was verified in the cellular assays. Several novel HPV16 MHC binders were identified. We optimized the immunoprecipitation protocol for epitope yield. Mass spectrometry analysis was successfully established and validated for HLA-A2, and is currently performed for the other supertypes. In conclusion, we show that ascertaining the actual cellular presentation of HPV T cell epitopes is feasible. As the included HLA supertypes have a cumulative population prevalence of &amp;gt;95%, the resulting set of peptides may be used for the formulation of a widely applicable therapeutic HPV vaccine, or for immunomonitoring purposes in other HPV immunotherapy studies. * These authors contributed equally to this study. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3529. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3529
Telemedicine Complements Effective Health-Care Delivery but Is Not a Panacea
Authors: Rajiv Sarin
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

I read the paper by Chi et al. with interest.The authors found a greater hypoxia response gene expression in carcinomas than stromal cells grown in vitro, but were not sure of the underlying explanation (see Discussion in [1]).The underlying explanation may be the difference in mitotic activity and hence metabolic activity between these two cell types, such that hypoxia may be present within cancer cells, although the surrounding culture media may have similar oxygen levels as the stromal cultures.The differences in mitotic activity could also explain greater hypoxia-related gene expression in clear-cell carcinoma compared with chromophobe carcinoma, normal tissue, or oncocytoma, as clear-cell carcinomas are more active mitotically.Did the authors compare the hypoxia gene expression with mitotic activity in various tumors?
A quarter of women who undergo breast conserving surgery need further surgery, research shows
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Almost a quarter of women who underwent breast conserving surgery for treatment of a non-invasive or invasive breast tumour had to undergo an additional operation, research has found. 

The study, published in JAMA Surgery , was the largest to examine repeat surgeries, in 316 114 patients with diagnosed breast cancer (stage 0 to II) who had initial breast conserving surgery at 1400 institutions across the …
The neuronal basis of intelligence: A riddle, wrapped in a mystery?
Authors: Marko Wilke
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract “Where in the brain is intelligence?” is an intriguing question, and Jung &amp; Haier (J&amp;H) resist the temptation to provide a simple answer. Their concept tries to integrate and transcend previous findings, and, while omitting the contributions from complementary methods, results seem to converge. Whether similarities or differences in such networks are more important, though, is still open for discussion.
Potential role of vasomotor effects of fibrinogen in bradykinin-induced angioedema
Authors: Murat Bas, Nadine Kirchhartz, Jessica Hochfeld, Cornelia Tüllmann, Stephanie Kumpf, Tatsiana Suvorava, Marc Oppermann, Dieter Hafner, Henning Bier, Thomas K. Hoffmann, Vera Balz, Georg Kojda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Contribution of Inadequate Arterial Remodeling to the Development of Focal Coronary Artery Stenoses
Authors: Gary S. Mintz, Kenneth M. Kent, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Jeffrey J. Popma, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Adaptive remodeling occurs to compensate for the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque. Lumen reduction depends on the relative rates of plaque deposition and adaptive remodeling responses. Intravascular ultrasound permits detailed, high-quality, cross-sectional imaging of the coronary arteries in vivo. Methods and Results Preintervention intravascular ultrasound was used to study 603 focal, new, nonostial significant coronary artery stenoses in patients with chronic stable angina. Measurements of the target lesion of the external elastic membrane (EEM), lumen, and plaque plus media (P&amp;M; P&amp;M=EEM−Lumen) cross-sectional areas (CSAs) were compared with a proximal reference segment (most normal-looking cross section within 10 mm proximal to the lesion but distal to any side branch). Inadequate remodeling was defined as lesion/reference EEM CSA that exceeded the upper limits of normal arterial tapering (lesion/reference EEM CSA ratio ≤0.78 or a 21% reduction in EEM CSA per 10-mm length). Overall, the lesion/reference EEM CSA ratio was 1.00±0.22; 15% of lesions had inadequate remodeling, and 37% of the 603 lesions had less plaque than expected. This represented a lesion-specific response. The only predictor of inadequate remodeling was the arc of superficial lesion calcium. Conclusions Inadequate remodeling is present in at least 15% of chronic, focal, new coronary arterial stenoses in patients with stable angina. The magnitude of arterial remodeling appears to be a lesion-specific response.
Small intestinal mucosal protection mechanisms and their importance in rheumatology.
Authors: S O'Mahony, A Ferguson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

The first part of this review is concerned with immune defences of the small intestine and disturbance of these defences in rheumatic conditions; the second part deals with the intestinal epithelial barrier, mucosal permeability of the small intestine, and disturbances of intestinal permeability in rheumatic conditions
The response of rosacea to eradication of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>
Authors: S W Son, I H Kim, C H Oh, J G Kim
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article The response of rosacea to eradication of Helicobacter pylori Get access S W Son, S W Son Departments of Dermatology, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I H Kim, I H Kim Departments of Dermatology, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C H Oh, C H Oh Departments of Dermatology, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J G Kim J G Kim Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro 152‐703, Seoul, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 5, 1 May 1999, Pages 984–985, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02852.x Published: 01 May 1999
STUDIES ON THE MULTIPLICATION AND THE PROPERTIES OF THE LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE AGENT
Authors: Abner Louis Notkins, Stephen J. Shochat
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The procedure used to determine the infective titer of the LDH agent, the reproducibility of this assay, and the relationship between virus dose and plasma enzyme activity were described. Multiplication of the LDH agent began within 6 hours after infection and reached 10(10.8) ID(50)/ml of plasma within 24 hours. The titer rapidly decreased over the next 72 hours but viremia persisted for at least 16 months with titers as high as 10(5.2) ID(50)/ml. The appearance of the LDH agent in the circulation preceded the first noticeable rise in plasma LDH activity by close to 24 hours. After 10 months, when the plasma titer of the LDH agent had decreased nearly one millionfold, the plasma enzyme LDH had decreased by less than 50 per cent. The LDH agent is inactivated by ether but withstands lyophilization, and freezing and thawing. It is stable at low temperatures. Ultracentrifugation at 105,000 G for 2 hours leaves less than 0.1 per cent of the LDH agent in the supernatant fluid and filtration through gradocol membranes suggesst that the upper size of the LDH agent is about 55 mmicro. Spread of the LDH agent from infected to uninfected mice kept in the same cage and transmission from mothers (infected prior to mating) to their offspring was relatively low.
Enzyme-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Targeting Myeloperoxidase Identifies Active Inflammation in Experimental Rabbit Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: John A. Ronald, John W. Chen, Yuanxin Chen, Amanda M. Hamilton, Elisenda Rodriguez, Fred Reynolds, Robert A. Hegele, Kem A. Rogers, Manel Querol, Alexei Bogdanov, Ralph Weissleder, Brian K. Rutt
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Inflammation undermines the stability of atherosclerotic plaques, rendering them susceptible to acute rupture, the cataclysmic event that underlies clinical expression of this disease. Myeloperoxidase is a central inflammatory enzyme secreted by activated macrophages and is involved in multiple stages of plaque destabilization and patient outcome. We report here that a unique functional in vivo magnetic resonance agent can visualize myeloperoxidase activity in atherosclerotic plaques in a rabbit model.We performed magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic aorta of New Zealand White rabbits fed a cholesterol (n=14) or normal (n=4) diet up to 2 hours after injection of the myeloperoxidase sensor bis-5HT-DTPA(Gd) [MPO(Gd)], the conventional agent DTPA(Gd), or an MPO(Gd) analog, bis-tyr-DTPA(Gd), as controls. Delayed MPO(Gd) images (2 hours after injection) showed focal areas of increased contrast (>2-fold) in diseased wall but not in normal wall (P=0.84) compared with both DTPA(Gd) (n=11; P<0.001) and bis-tyr-DTPA(Gd) (n=3; P<0.05). Biochemical assays confirmed that diseased wall possessed 3-fold elevated myeloperoxidase activity compared with normal wall (P<0.01). Areas detected by MPO(Gd) imaging colocalized and correlated with myeloperoxidase-rich areas infiltrated by macrophages on histopathological evaluations (r=0.91, P<0.0001). Although macrophages were the main source of myeloperoxidase, not all macrophages secreted myeloperoxidase, which suggests that distinct subpopulations contribute differently to atherogenesis and supports our functional approach.The present study represents a unique approach in the detection of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques by examining macrophage function and the activity of an effector enzyme to noninvasively provide both anatomic and functional information in vivo.
Endovascular and Open Revascularization for Nonatherosclerotic Renal Artery DiseaseEndovascular and Open Revascularization for NARAD
Authors: R. Clement Darling
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Sung Wan Ham, MD; S. Ram Kumar, MD; Bonnie R. Wang, BA; Vincent L. Rowe, MD; Fred A. Weaver, MD, MMMObjective: To evaluate the long-term outcome of endovascular and open treatment for nonatherosclerotic renal artery disease (NARAD).Design: Retrospective review.Setting: Academic institution.Patients: Fifty-five patients (47 women; mean age, 40 years) with NARAD. Underlying disease included Takayasu arteritis in 31 and fibromuscular dysplasia in 24.Interventions: Open revascularization and renal artery percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without stenting.Main Outcome Measures: Primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency rates; blood pressure; antihypertensive medication requirements; renal function; and mortality.Results: Seventy-nine renal interventions were performed, including 59 aortorenal bypass (16 ex vivo), 3 visceral-renal bypass, and 12 endovascular (8 percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and 4 stent placements) procedures, and 5 nephrectomies. There were no in-hospital deaths. During a mean follow-up of 75 months, 1-, 3-, and 5-year primary patency rates for any intervention were 87%, 75%, and 75%, respectively; primary assisted/secondary patency rates were 92%, 86%, and 86%, respectively. Endovascular interventions at 1, 3, and 5 years had primary patency rates of 73%, 49%, and 49%, respectively, and primary assisted/secondary patency rates of 83%, 83%, and 83%, respectively. For open revascularization, 1-, 3-, and 5-year primary patency rates were 91%, 80%, and 80%, respectively; primary assisted/secondary patency rates were 94%, 87%, and 87%, respectively. For both interventions, blood pressure and the number of antihypertensives used were reduced compared with preintervention values (all P &lt; .05). Serum creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate were also improved after revascularization (both P &lt; .05). There were 6 deaths. Five- and 10-year actuarial survival rates were 94% and 78%, respectively.Conclusions: Endovascular and open management of NARAD confers long-term benefit for blood pressure, renal function, renal artery/graft patency, and survival. Open revascularization results in superior 1- and 5-year outcomes compared with endovascular management and provides the most durable outcome for NARAD.
Alexithymia and Perceived Symptoms: Criterion Validity of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale
Authors: Jussi Kauhanen, Juhani Julkunen, Jukka T. Salonen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

The associations between alexithymia and somatization, perceived symptoms and subjective health, were investigated in a population sample of 2,297 middle-aged Finnish men. A modified translated version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was used to assess alexithymia. A graded and statistically significant relationship was observed between the TAS score for alexithymia and self-reported recent symptoms. The alexithymia score, adjusted for age, smoking and socioeconomic status, was also positively associated with the MMPI hypochondriasis index and inversely with perceived level of health. One of the factors of the TAS appeared to have a weak but significant correlation with a variety of diagnosed disorders that previously have been considered psychosomatic.