tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
β <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists Protect Against Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: George E. Billman, Lourdes C. Castillo, James Hensley, Charlene M. Hohl, Ruth A. Altschuld
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The ventricular myocardium contains functional β 2 -adrenergic receptors that when activated increase intracellular Ca 2+ transients. Because elevated Ca 2+ has been implicated in the induction of ventricular fibrillation (VF), it is possible that the activation of these receptors may also provoke malignant arrhythmias. Methods and Results To test this hypothesis, a 2-minute occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery was made during the last minute of exercise in 28 dogs with healed anterior myocardial infarctions: 17 had VF (susceptible) and 11 did not (resistant). On a subsequent day, this test was repeated after administration of the β 2 -adrenergic receptor antagonist ICI 118,551 (0.2 mg/kg). This drug did not alter the hemodynamic response to the coronary occlusion, yet it prevented VF in 10 of 11 animals tested ( P &lt;.001). However, heart rate was reduced in 6 animals. Therefore, the ICI 118,551 exercise-plus-ischemia test was repeated with heart rate held constant by ventricular pacing (n=3). ICI 118,551 still prevented VF when heart rate was maintained. Next, the effects of increasing doses of the β 2 -adrenergic receptor agonist zinterol on Ca 2+ transient amplitudes were examined in ventricular myocytes. Zinterol elicited significantly greater increases in Ca 2+ transient amplitudes at all doses tested (10 −9 to 10 −6 mol/L) in myocytes prepared from susceptible versus resistant animals. The cardiomyocyte response to isoproterenol (10 −7 mol/L) in the presence or absence of the selective β 1 - (CGP-20712A, 300 nmol/L) or β 2 - (ICI 118,551, 100 nmol/L) adrenergic receptor antagonist was also examined. Isoproterenol elicited larger Ca 2+ transient increases in the susceptible myocytes, which were eliminated by ICI but not by CGP. Conclusions When considered together, these data demonstrate that canine myocytes contain functional β 2 -adrenergic receptors that are activated to a greater extent in the susceptible animals. The resulting cytosolic Ca 2+ transient increases may lead to afterpotentials that ultimately trigger VF in these animals.
Amnesty condemns allies' use of cluster bombs
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Recent admissions that British and coalition forces have been using cluster munitions in Iraq have caused consternation among human rights campaigners and MPs. Richard Lloyd, director of Landmine Action, says that dropping cluster bombs on Iraq “contradicts any government claim to minimise civilian casualties.”

“Cluster weapons are prone to missing their targets and killing civilians. There is also the added problem that cluster bombs produce large numbers …
Mechanical restitution during alternans in guinea pig papillary muscles
Authors: C I. Spencer, M. J Lab, W A. Seed
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Mechanical restitution during alternans in guinea pig papillary muscles Get access C Ian Spencer, C Ian Spencer Correspondence to Dr Spencer. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Max J Lab, Max J Lab Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W Anthony Seed W Anthony Seed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 8, August 1992, Pages 779–782, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.8.779 Published: 01 August 1992 Article history Received: 04 November 1991 Accepted: 24 February 1992 Published: 01 August 1992
IMPACT OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS ON RISK OF SERIOUS BLEEDING AND THROMBOEMBOLISM IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION – A NATIONWIDE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Morten Lamberts, Gregory Lip, Morten Lock Hansen, Jesper Lindhardsen, Jonas Bjerring Olesen, Jakob Raunsø, Anne-Marie Schjerning Olsen, Emil L Fosbøl, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Gunnar Gislason
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
White Thromboembolism in the Hamster Cheek Pouch after Trauma, Infection and Neoplasia
Authors: BRENTON R. LUTZ, GEORGE P. FULTON, ROBERT P. AKERS
Journal: Circulation (1951)

White thrombosis and embolism were investigated by cinephotomicroscopy in the transillumined cheek pouch of the hamster in an experimental study of factors which may be involved in the febrile hemolytic syndrome in man, characterized by a finding of generalized platelet thrombosis of arterioles, capillaries and veins at autopsy. Endothelial trauma resulting from vascular occlusion produced platelet thrombosis and embolism. Dicumarol prevented the formation of platelet thrombosis and embolism after trauma. Heparin produced spontaneous platelet emboli and both heparin and dicumarol resulted in a leukocytic thrombosis. Platelet and leukocytic coatings and embolization were photographed during staphylococcus infection and malignant neoplasia. Sludged blood was not found in trauma, infection or malignant neoplasia.
Amelioration of Endothelial Abnormalities by Prednisone in Experimental Thrombocytopenia in the Rabbit
Authors: Craig S. Kitchens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Experimental thrombocytopenia results in endothelial alterations associated with bleeding. In this study prednisone was shown to prevent or reverse these changes, which supports the clinical inference that adrenocorticosteroids decrease capillary fragility in thrombocytopenia. Rabbits (3-4 kg), intraperitoneally injected with busulfan, developed 98-99% reductions in platelet count and hemorrhaged profusely. Orally administered prednisone (0.2 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg daily) reduced bleeding despite persistent thrombocytopenia. Tongue biopsies obtained after 3 days of prednisone treatment were examined by electron microscopy. Normal rabbits served as controls. 25 consecutive capillaries or venules from each of four animals in the control group and each of five experimental groups were examined for fenestrations, "thin spots" (<800 A thick), and mean wall thickness as determined by planimetry. Vessels from control animals had no thin spots or fenestrations, and the mean vessel wall thickness was 4,254±105 A SEM. The 100 vessels from the thrombocytopenic animals had a mean vessel wall thickness of 2,081±218 A (P < 0.001), and 42 had thin spots of fenestrations. After administration of the smaller dosage of prednisone, the mean vessel wall thickness increased to 3,556±40 A (P < 0.001), and only nine vessels had thin spots or fenestrations. With the larger dosage, only six vessels had thin spots or fenestrations and the mean vessel wall thickness of this group increased to 3,704±206 A (P < 0.005). All preparations demonstrated normal endothelial junctions. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the bleeding of thrombocytopenia is caused by altered capillary and venule endothelium and that diminished bleeding observed with prednisone administration results from amelioration of these endothelial changes.
Insurance Coverage, Physician Recommendations, and Access to Emerging Treatments
Authors: Beth S. Finkelstein, J. B. Silvers, Ursula Marrero, Duncan Neuhauser, Leona Cuttler
Journal: JAMA (1998)

There is concern in both the medical community and the general public about mechanisms of medical decision making and the interplay of physician and insurer decisions in determining access to care.To examine the medical process influencing access to growth hormone (GH) therapy for childhood short stature by comparing coverage policies of US insurers with the treatment recommendations of US physicians.Independent national representative surveys were mailed to insurers (private, Blue Cross/Blue Shield, health maintenance organizations, programs for Children with Special Health Care Needs, and Medicaid programs, n=113), primary care physicians (n=1504), and pediatric endocrinologists (n=534) with response rates of 75%, 60%, and 81%, respectively. Each survey included identical case scenarios. Primary care physicians were asked decisions about referrals to pediatric endocrinologists. Endocrinologists were asked GH treatment recommendations. Insurers were asked coverage decisions for GH therapy.Insurer coverage decisions for GH in specific case scenarios were compared with the recommendations of primary care physicians and pediatric endocrinologists.Physician recommendations and insurance coverage decisions differed strikingly. For example, while 96% of pediatric endocrinologists recommended GH therapy for children with Turner syndrome, insurer policies covered GH therapy for only 52% of these children. Overall, referral and treatment decisions by physicians resulted in recommendations for GH therapy in 78% of children with GH deficiency, Turner syndrome, or renal failure; of those recommended for treatment, 28% were denied coverage by insurers. Similarly, GH therapy would be recommended by physicians for only 9% of children with idiopathic short stature, but insurers would not cover GH for the vast majority of these children. Furthermore, the data indicated considerable variation among insurers regarding coverage policies for GH (P<.01).Access to GH therapy differs depending on the type of insurance coverage. The deep discord between physician recommendations and insurance coverage decisions, exemplified by these findings, represents a major challenge to mechanisms of health care decision making, access, and costs.
Doctors and nurses: new game, same result
Authors: M. Radcliffe
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In the beginning the relationship between doctors and nurses was clear and simple. Doctors were superior. They had the hard knowledge that made ill people better. The nurses, usually women, were good but not necessarily very knowledgeable. They were in charge of folding pillow cases and mopping brows. Nurses didn't cure patients; on the whole they still don't. They were just nice to them while they waited to get better.

In 1967 Dr Leonard Stein first outlined the doctor-nurse game. He said that the interactions between the two were carefully managed so as not to disturb the fixed hierarchy. Nurses were bold, had initiative, and were responsible for important recommendations. While being bold, however, they had to appear passive. In short, nurses were able to make recommendations as long as they made it look as if they were initiated by doctors. So the nurse was responsible for the wellbeing of her patients and the nourishment of the doctors' sense of professional self. …
Diseases of the Genome
Authors: Victor A. McKusick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>What Genetic Syndromes Tell Us</h3><h3>JAMA:</h3> What does the repertoire of human mutations as manifested in inherited disease tell us? <h3>McKusick:</h3> It tells us about the genetic makeup of man. The list of X-linked genetic diseases, for example, tells us about the genetic constitution of the X chromosome. It can be likened to a photographic negative from which a positive picture of the genetic constitution of the X chromosome can be derived. <h3>JAMA:</h3> Why are there so few categories of commonly observed genetic syndromes? <h3>McKusick:</h3> There are only so many ways the human body can respond to an exogenous agent such as an infectious organism, or an internal agent, such as a mutation. There is only so much phenotypic variation that is possible. For example, even though an effort has been made to relate each of the entries in my book (<i>Mendelian Inheritance in Man</i>) on all confirmed genetic disease
IMPACT OF CLINICAL AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC RESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY ON LONG-TERM SURVIVAL
Authors: Matteo Bertini, Rutger J. van Bommel, Victoria Delgado, Arnold CT Ng, Miriam Shanks, Gaetano Nucifora, Dominique Auger, C Jan Willem Borleffs, Eva PM van Rijnsoever, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Myocardial Depression with Disopyramide
Authors: DENNIS J. BAUMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1981Myocardial Depression with DisopyramideDENNIS J. BAUMAN, M.D.DENNIS J. BAUMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-3-411_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Myocardial depression secondary to disopyramide has been emphasized by several authors and in the package insert. Nevertheless, our experience suggests that many physicians are unaware of this important side effect. The following case report is illustrative.An 86-year-old man was hospitalized on 8 June 1978 for treatment of frequent premature ventricular depolarizations. He had mild chronic renal failure and heart disease of unknown cause, characterized by marked cardiomegaly on chest roentgenogram, left bundle branch block, and a mitral regurgitation murmur. His only symptom was dyspnea after walking for several blocks. He was comfortable and had normal vital...References1. SUTTON R. Hemodynamics of intravenous disopyramide. J Int Med Res. 1976;4(suppl I):46-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. JENSENSIGURDUHRENHOLT GBA. Circulatory effects of intravenous disopyramide in heart failure. J Int Med Res. 1976;4(suppl I):42-5. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. RYANTEMTELOWN MJB. Evaluation of a new antiarrhythmic agent, disopyramide phosphate. Circulation. 1974;50(suppl III):III-79. Abstract. Google Scholar4. DESAIHIRSCHFELDPETERSSCHEINMANGONZALES JDRMR. Electromechanical dissociation associated with disopyramide. Circulation. 1978;57-58(suppl II):II-178. Abstract. Google Scholar5. GALLAGHERPRITCHETTBENDITTWALLACE JEDA. High dose disopyramide phosphate: an effective treatment for refractory ventricular tachycardia. Circulation. 1977;56(suppl III):III-225. Abstract. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DENNIS J. BAUMAN, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHemodynamic Effects of Antiarrhythmic DrugsHämodynamische Wirkungen der antiarrhythmischen TherapieHemodynamic effects of moricizine at rest and during supine bicycle exercise: Results in patients with ventricular tachycardia and left ventricular dysfunctionThe Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmic DrugsTherapy with Conventional Antiarrhythmic Drugs for Ventricular ArrhythmiasNew Insights into the Drug Treatment of Ventricular ArrhythmiasEffect of propafenone on left ventricular ejection fractionHemodynamic effects of antiarrhythmic drugs 1 March 1981Volume 94, Issue 3Page: 411-412KeywordsCardiovascular therapyDepolarizationDyspneaLeft bundle branch blockMitral insufficiencyRenal failureThoraxWalking ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
RNA polymerase mapping during stress responses reveals widespread nonproductive transcription in yeast
Authors: Tae Soo Kim, Chih Long Liu, Moran Yassour, John Holik, Nir Friedman, Stephen Buratowski, Oliver J Rando
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

The use of genome-wide RNA abundance profiling by microarrays and deep sequencing has spurred a revolution in our understanding of transcriptional control. However, changes in mRNA abundance reflect the combined effect of changes in RNA production, processing, and degradation, and thus, mRNA levels provide an occluded view of transcriptional regulation. To partially disentangle these issues, we carry out genome-wide RNA polymerase II (PolII) localization profiling in budding yeast in two different stress response time courses. While mRNA changes largely reflect changes in transcription, there remains a great deal of variation in mRNA levels that is not accounted for by changes in PolII abundance. We find that genes exhibiting 'excess' mRNA produced per PolII are enriched for those with overlapping cryptic transcripts, indicating a pervasive role for nonproductive or regulatory transcription in control of gene expression. Finally, we characterize changes in PolII localization when PolII is genetically inactivated using the rpb1-1 temperature-sensitive mutation. We find that PolII is lost from chromatin after roughly an hour at the restrictive temperature, and that there is a great deal of variability in the rate of PolII loss at different loci. Together, these results provide a global perspective on the relationship between PolII and mRNA production in budding yeast.
Unventilated Indoor Coal-Fired Stoves in Guizhou Province, China: Cellular and Genetic Damage in Villagers Exposed to Arsenic in Food and Air
Authors: Aihua Zhang, Hong Feng, Guanghong Yang, Xueli Pan, Xianyao Jiang, Xiaoxin Huang, Xuexin Dong, Daping Yang, Yaxiong Xie, Luo Peng, Li Jun, Changjun Hu, Li Jian, Xilan Wang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a well-known human carcinogen recognized by the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Currently, most iAs studies in populations are concerned with drinking water and occupational arsenicosis. In Guizhou province, arsenicosis caused by the burning of coal in unventilated indoor stoves is an unusual type of exposure. Because the poisoning mechanism involved in arsenicosis is as yet unknown and no effective therapy exists, progress has been slow on the prevention and therapy of arsenicosis.
Primary hyperparathyroidism. Laboratory and clinical data in 73 cases
Authors: A. Hecht
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The serum calcium level measured in the research laboratory was 10.8 mg/100 ml or more in all of 73 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, though many of the values were normal when measured in the hospital laboratories. Postoperatively, all patients successfully operated on showed an immediate increase in renal phosphorus reabsorption to 95% to 100%, and a decrease, which averaged 54%, in urinary hydroxyproline levels. Seven patients who had hyperplasia had no clinical or laboratory features distinguishing them from those with adenomas. Uremia, an ominous sign, was found in six patients, five of whom died.
Osteopathy and medicine. Graduate education
Authors: J. C. Nunemaker
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The December, 1968 action of the American Medical Association (AMA) House of Delegates in approving Board of Trustees Report S on Osteopathy was a most significant and historic action. Numbered paragraphs 5, 6, 7, and 8 of that report pertain to internships and residencies, the subject of this communication. This subject will be developed on a basis of the recent history leading up to the present position, recent communications following the December 1968 action, and a statistical description of the status of osteopathy today. While certain memorandums relating to these actions have already been distributed to all hospitals with approved internships and residency programs, as well as to other related organizations, it is important to record for the record, some of the historical events with which the majority of American physicians are probably relatively unfamiliar. It is also worthy of note that much of the stimulus for progress in this
Captopril enhances intracellular calcium handling and beta-adrenergic responsiveness of myocardium from rats with postinfarction failure.
Authors: S E Litwin, J P Morgan
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

To examine the cellular mechanisms of contractile dysfunction in postinfarction heart failure, we studied the effects of beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation on contractile function and Ca2+i handling of noninfarcted papillary muscles from sham-operated (n = 17) and infarcted (n = 17) rats. Ca2+i transients measured with the bioluminescent protein aequorin and parameters of isometric contraction were recorded during graded isoproterenol stimulation. Developed tension and peak rate of tension rise were depressed (p less than 0.05) in muscles from infarcted rats at physiological and maximally stimulating [Ca2+]oS. The time to peak tension was prolonged in the muscles from the infarcted rats, corresponding with prolongation of the time to peak Ca2+i. In muscles from sham-operated rats, isoproterenol increased both the amplitude of the Ca2+i transient and the peak rate of tension rise. In contrast, the inotropic response to isoproterenol was severely blunted in the muscles from infarcted rats despite a large increase in the amplitude of the Ca2+i transient. Isoproterenol abbreviated the time course of the isometric twitch and the Ca2+i transient in both groups. These findings suggest that postinfarction heart failure may be related in part to decreased force-generating capacity of the myofilaments. Treatment with captopril for 5 weeks, beginning 1 week after infarction (n = 14), resulted in reduction of left ventricular filling pressures and partial normalization of myocardial contractility and Ca2+i handling. In addition, compared with muscles from untreated infarcted rats, muscles from the captopril-treated rats exhibited improved contractile responses to increasing [Ca2+]o or isoproterenol. The inotropic response to isoproterenol in muscles from all three groups of rats had a significant negative correlation (r = -0.64, p less than 0.0001) with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure measured in vivo. Thus, the defect in excitation-contraction coupling in rats with postinfarction heart failure may be partially normalized by chronic load reduction with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.
Drug Spotlight Program
Authors: LEO E. HOLLISTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Antianxiety drugs, perhaps the most widely used drugs in all medical practice, may be used better if they are used less. To do this we must recognize the episodic nature of much anxiety, the hypnotic effects of the drugs must be exploited, and the dose must be tailored to the patient. Both these drugs and antidepressive drugs must be used concomitantly with nondrug therapy. The antidepressive drugs are most effective for endogenous depressions, which are probably genetically transmitted and based on a disorder of central neurotransmission. Commoner types of depressions may respond to a wider variety of drugs: stimulants, antianxiety agents, or even small doses of antipsychotic drugs. The latter have revolutionized the practice of psychiatry and have afforded relief for the major psychiatric disorder, schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs are often unwisely combined; the nonpsychiatric physician may be able to simplify treatment. Antimanic drugs, especially lithium carbonate, have given a new dimension to our thinking about "functional" psychoses. Both the advent of modern psychotherapeutic drugs and the extensive research on the genetic-biochemical bases of emotional disorders are forcing psychiatry back to its origins in biomedical science.