tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory response associated with pulmonary complications in non-HIV immunocompromised patients
Authors: C Agusti
Journal: Thorax (2004)

<b>Background:</b> A study was undertaken to evaluate the local and systemic inflammatory response associated with pulmonary complications in immunocompromised patients and potential implications regarding severity and prognosis. <b>Methods:</b> Levels of different inflammatory mediators were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum on days 1 and 4 after the identification of the pulmonary complication in 127 patients with different immunosuppressive conditions. <b>Results:</b> Pulmonary complications were characterised by a high percentage of neutrophils and increased levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in the BAL fluid and high serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). The inflammatory response was similar in the different groups of immunocompromised patients evaluated. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines were higher in patients with pulmonary infections, particularly those of bacterial aetiology. Patients with a more severe pulmonary infection had a more intense local and systemic inflammatory response. A BAL fluid IL-6 level of &gt;40 pg/ml was an independent predictor of mortality (OR 4.65, 95% CI 1.3 to 16.1), together with a need for mechanical ventilation (OR 13.5, 95% CI 3.2 to 57.3). Patients who died had persistently high levels of CRP on day 4. <b>Conclusions:</b> The evaluation of the inflammatory response, particularly the determination of IL-6 levels in the BAL fluid and CRP in the serum, may be useful for deciding the appropriate management of pulmonary complications in immunocompromised patients.
Film reopens euthanasia debate in Spain
Authors: Gonzalo Casino
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A film based on a true story of assisted suicide has unexpectedly rekindled the ethical, medical, and political debate about legalising euthanasia in Spain. Mar Adentro (The Sea Inside) focuses on the death six years ago of Ramon Sampedro, a sailor who became quadriplegic after injuries sustained when he was 25 years old.

The huge media impact that the film had when it opened in Spain last month has made it possible for the main groups supporting and opposing euthanasia to express their positions publicly. The Catholic church has stood by its view that euthanasia is “immoral and antisocial”; the country's Socialist government has been forced to make a statement; and finally the issue has reached the Spanish parliament.

Mar Adentro , directed by Alejandro Amenabar, has been highly acclaimed and won the special jury award at the Venice Film Festival. But even the film's artistic merits are surpassed by the poignancy …
Carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control and the role of autoregulation in the systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure-flow relationships of the dog.
Authors: A A Shoukas, M J Brunner, A E Frankle, A S Greene, C H Kallman
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

To understand more fully the role of the arterial baroreceptor reflex on systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, we studied the influence of the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control system on the entire systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure-flow relationships. Ten pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, whose carotid sinuses were isolated, were used in a preparation in which the right and left hearts were bypassed to control systemic and pulmonary blood flows. At intrasinus pressures of 50, 125, and 200 mm Hg, systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures were measured in response to step changes in systemic and pulmonary blood flows from 0 up to 200 ml/min per kg. The systemic arterial pressure-flow relationship exhibited a marked nonlinearity, especially at either high or low flows. A third-order polynomial fit was found to represent the steady state systemic arterial pressure-flow relationship best. Blood flow autoregulation was reflected as a secondary change in systemic arterial pressure at constant flow approximately 15 seconds after the initial response. Blood flow autoregulation was seen in the entire systemic vascular bed over the entire range of flows studied. The degree of autoregulatory significantly contributed to the shape of the systemic arterial pressure-flow relationship. The steady state arterial pressure-flow relationship shifted upward and toward the pressure axis, increasing the calculated incremental resistance and total peripheral resistance as intrasinus pressure was decreased. The systemic zero-flow arterial pressure was found to increase with decreases in intrasinus pressure. The pulmonary arterial pressure-flow relationship was found to be linear in the range of flows studied from 25 up to 200 ml/min per kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Conflict of interest and the BMJ
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Last year we had to reject a review article submitted to us because of conflict of interest. What seemed to us an ad hoc group reviewed the treatments of a particular condition. The referee was initially impressed by the clarity of the review but was perplexed that one particular treatment was given much greater prominence than it deserved. Eventually he realised - from his own knowledge rather than anything stated in the paper - that the group had been brought together and funded by a particular drug company. The company manufactured the treatment that was given extra attention.

Years ago, when our editorials were unsigned, we came to learn that one researcher who regularly wrote for us had substantial financial interests in pharmaceutical companies which might have benefited or otherwise from what was written in the editorials. Conflict of interest may also arise with letters, and many letters that seem to come from individuals who simply have an interest in the subject are in fact prompted by organisations with an interest, financial or otherwise, in the outcome of the correspondence. This is particularly true with tobacco companies. Or conflict of interest may arise with referees. John Maddox, the editor of Nature, has described several examples from his personal experience.1 In one case, …
Serial quantitative planar technetium-99m isonitrile imaging in acute myocardial infarction: Efficacy for noninvasive assessment of thrombolytic therapy
Authors: Frans J.Th. Wackers, Raymond J. Gibbons, Mario S. Verani, David S. Kayden, Patricia Pellikka, Thomas Behrenbeck, John J. Mahmarian, Barry L. Zaret
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Connexin 43 phosphorylation in subsarcolemmal mitochondria: a general cardioprotective signal targeted by fibroblast growth factor-2?
Authors: David Garcia-Dorado, Marisol Ruiz-Meana, Antonio Rodríguez-Sinovas
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

This editorial refers to ‘The FGF-2-triggered protection of cardiac subsarcolemmal mitochondria from calcium overload is mitochondrial connexin 43-dependent’ by W. Srisakuldee et al. , pp. 72–80, this issue. 

During the last years, our knowledge on the role of connexin 43 (Cx43) in myocardial pathophysiology has expanded substantially. Initially thought to participate only in propagation of the electrical impulse, Cx43 gap junction channels were later shown to mediate metabolic coupling between neighbouring cells, and to associate their fates during ischaemia and reperfusion.1 Cx43 was then found outside gap junctions, forming unopposed hemichannels with paracrine signalling functions,2 and more recently has been found in locations other than the plasma membrane. Cx43, or its carboxyterminal domain, can translocate to the nucleus, where they may modulate cell growth and gene expression,3 and interact with intracellular signalling cascades involved in important functions as glucose metabolism.4 We know now that Cx43 is also present at the inner mitochondrial membrane of subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) of cardiomyocytes,5 that it modulates mitochondrial K+ uptake,6 complex I respiration,7 and radical oxygen species generation,8 and that this localization is important for preconditioning protection.9 In a recent study, ischaemic preconditioning protected SSM submitted to ischaemia–reperfusion in vitro , …
Ablation of C/EBPβ alleviates ER stress and pancreatic β cell failure through the GRP78 chaperone in mice
Authors: Tomokazu Matsuda, Yoshiaki Kido, Shun-ichiro Asahara, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Takashi Tanaka, Naoko Hashimoto, Yutaka Shigeyama, Akihiko Takeda, Tae Inoue, Yuki Shibutani, Maki Koyanagi, Tetsuya Hosooka, Michihiro Matsumoto, Hiroshi Inoue, Tohru Uchida, Masato Koike, Yasuo Uchiyama, Shizuo Akira, Masato Kasuga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Pancreatic beta cell failure is thought to underlie the progression from glucose intolerance to overt diabetes, and ER stress is implicated in such beta cell dysfunction. We have now shown that the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) accumulated in the islets of diabetic animal models as a result of ER stress before the onset of hyperglycemia. Transgenic overexpression of C/EBPbeta specifically in beta cells of mice reduced beta cell mass and lowered plasma insulin levels, resulting in the development of diabetes. Conversely, genetic ablation of C/EBPbeta in the beta cells of mouse models of diabetes, including Akita mice, which harbor a heterozygous mutation in Ins2 (Ins2WT/C96Y), and leptin receptor-deficient (Lepr-/-) mice, resulted in an increase in beta cell mass and ameliorated hyperglycemia. The accumulation of C/EBPbeta in pancreatic beta cells reduced the abundance of the molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa (GRP78) as a result of suppression of the transactivation activity of the transcription factor ATF6alpha, thereby increasing the vulnerability of these cells to excess ER stress. Our results thus indicate that the accumulation of C/EBPbeta in pancreatic beta cells contributes to beta cell failure in mice by enhancing susceptibility to ER stress.
Spondylolysis decreases sports performance in sumo wrestlers – radiological changes of lumbar spine in high school and collegiate sumo wrestlers
Authors: Y Nakagawa, S Mukai, Y Hattori, T Nakamura
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Sumo has long been a traditional sport in Japan, and recently is becoming a popular sport that is rapidly attracting enthusiasts abroad. With the aim of having the sport included in the Olympics, World Women Sumo Championships as well as World Sumo Championship have also been held since 1999. In October 2010, these Championships will be held in Poland. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the radiological changes in the lumbar spine in freshman collegiate and high school sumo wrestlers and the relationship between the radiological changes and the lumbar spine symptoms. Design Epidemiology. Setting High school league and elite division. Participants We examined 78 freshman collegiate and 16 high school sumo wrestlers who belonged to the Japanese Sumo Federation. They were high level players. Interventions They underwent routine radiographic examination of their lumbar spine and questionnaire of their lumbar symptoms as a medical check. Results Their mean height was 175.3 cm, weight was 113.8 kg, body mass index (BMI) was 37.0 kg/m2, and sumo career was 7.9 years in college. High school sumo wrestlers were significantly smaller than collegiate ones in weight, BMI and sumo career. 10 high school wrestlers (62.5%) and 43 collegiate ones (55.1%) had some lumbar symptoms. Seven high school wrestlers (43.8%) and 25 collegiate ones (32.1%) had deformities of lumbar spine. No significant difference existed during two groups in the above phenomena. However, the occurrence rate of spondylolysis in high school wrestlers (31.3%) was significantly larger than collegiate ones (11.5%). The correlation between spondylolysis and lumbar symptoms was significant. Therefore, it may be indicated that sumo wrestlers give up to continue this sport because of symptomatic spondylolysis. Conclusion Early detection and treatment of spondylolysis is needed because it may decrease sports performance in sumo wrestlers.
Overproduction of Nitric Oxide in Cytokine-Mediated and Septic Shock
Authors: R. G. Kilbourn, O. W. Griffith
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

bution to the apparent aggressiveness of breast tumors.Biological studies of a limited number of p53 mutations suggest, for instance, that some p53 mutations are more "oncogenic" than others (6).Similarly, p53 genes having mutations in exons 5 and 6 encode proteins which bind heat shock protein (hsp) 70, whereas exons 7 and 8 mutant proteins do not (14).In this regard, Davidoff et al. (14) have found an association between breast tumors having mutations in exons 5 and 6 and those patients who show a humoral response to p53.In contrast, all of the patients who had a p53-positive tumor, but who were p53 antibody negative, had the mutation in exon 7 or 8. Based on these and other studies, one future direction should be to determine the prognostic significance of p53 mutations as a function of the affected exon or domain. References(1) FISHER B, BAUER M, WICKERHAM DL, ET AL: Relation of number of positive axillary nodes to the prognosis of patients with primary breast cancer.
Being like Mike — Fear, Trust, and the Tragic Death of Michael Davidson
Authors: Lisa Rosenbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Around 11:00 a.m. on January 20, 2015, Stephen Pasceri arrived at the cardiovascular center at Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital, where he had an appointment to speak to Michael Davidson, a 44-year-old surgeon who had performed valve surgery on Pasceri's mother a few months earlier. Davidson entered an exam room and greeted Pasceri, who fired two shots at the surgeon at close range before killing himself. A team of Brigham surgeons spent 9 hours in the OR in a futile attempt to save Davidson's life. It was speculated that Pasceri “had some issue” with his mother's medical treatment. Though she . . .
Should Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Be Included in the Definition of Metabolic Syndrome? A Cross-Sectional Comparison With Adult Treatment Panel III Criteria in Nonobese Nondiabetic Subjects
Authors: Silvia Sookoian, Adriana L. Burgueño, Gustavo Castaño, Carlos J. Pirola
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The importance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its relation to metabolic syndrome is now increasingly recognized, as recent data suggest that NAFLD predicts insulin resistance more accurately than Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (1). NAFLD is linked to increased cardiovascular risk and endothelial dysfunction, as fatty liver is an independent predictor of increased intima-media thickness. Plasma soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) levels are elevated in atherosclerotic syndromes, and elevated sICAM-1 levels have been associated with endothelial dysfunction.

sICAM-1 (Diaclone, France) was measured in 118 NAFLD patients with different stages of disease …
Antitumour necrosis factor α treatment reduces retinol-binding protein 4 serum levels in non-diabetic ankylosing spondylitis patients
Authors: Fernanda Genre, Raquel López-Mejías, José A Miranda-Filloy, Begoña Ubilla, Beatriz Carnero-López, Inés Gómez-Acebo, Ricardo Blanco, Rodrigo Ochoa, Javier Rueda-Gotor, Trinitario Pina, Carlos González-Juanatey, Javier Llorca, Miguel A González-Gay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality due to accelerated atherosclerosis occurs in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients.1 ,2 Beneficial effects of antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF)-α agents on disease activity and endothelial cell activation were reported in AS.3 ,4 Dramatic reduction of insulin resistance (IR) and improvement of insulin sensitivity after infliximab administration were also described in non-diabetic AS patients.5 

We aimed to assess, for the first time, whether infliximab administration in AS patients may alter levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4), a protein released from adipocytes, considered as an emerging cardiometabolic risk factor, which correlates with IR in individuals with obesity, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes, and in non-obese subjects with or without family history of type 2 diabetes.6–⇓8

RBP-4 serum levels were measured by ELISA (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, EK-028-28) in 30 consecutive non-diabetic and mostly non-obese AS patients without history of CV events before and after an infliximab infusion. Local institutional committee approval and patients’ informed consent were obtained. Information on blood sample determinations in this cohort was previously reported.9 Infliximab was given as an intravenous infusion in saline solution over 120 min.5 Measurements were made in …
1029. Single-Stranded Oligonucleotide Gene Targeting in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Brian R. Murphy, Scott L. Diamond, Eric A. Pierce
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Single stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) gene targeting may facilitate animal model creation and gene repair therapy. Lipofection of ssODN can introduce point mutations into target genes. However, typical efficiencies in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) are <10-4, leaving corrections too rare to effectively identify. We developed ESC lines with an integrated mutant neomycin resistance gene(Tyr22Ter). After targeting with ssODN, repaired cells survive selection in G418. Correction efficiencies varied with different transfection methods, clonal lines, and ssODN designs, ranging from 1 to 100 corrections per million cells plated. Uptake studies using cell sorting of Cy5-labelled ssODN showed 47% of the corrections concentrated in the best transfected 22% of cells. Four different basepair mismatches were tested and results show that the base-specificity of the mismatch is critical. Dual mismatch ssODN also showed mismatch preferences. Chimeric mice were generated from repaired cells, confirming the correction process does not alter stem cell pluripotency. To our knowledge, this is the first proof of principle for the production of mouse models through ssODN gene targeting. These ESC lines may facilitate development of improved ssODN targeting technologies for either animal production or ex vivo gene therapy.
Amyloid in osteoarthritic hip joints: deposits in relation to chondromatosis, pyrophosphate, and inflammatory cell infiltrate in the synovial membrane and fibrous capsule.
Authors: C Ladefoged
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

The relationship between osteoarthritic change and amyloid degeneration was studied in 116 joint capsules from osteoarthritic hip joints. Twenty-seven (23%) contained amyloid deposits. Twenty-eight joint capsules showed chondroid metaplasia in the fibrous part. Significantly more amyloid degeneration was found among these. Six joint capsules contained pyrophosphate crystals. Five of these were positive for amyloid. Chronic inflammation of the joint capsule was found in 80% of the cases and was negatively correlated with amyloid degeneration, which is in good agreement with the biphasic theory for the pathogenesis of amyloid. Further investigation is necessary to decide how chondroid metaplasia takes part in the production of amyloid.
A CROSS OVER STUDY, BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF INTRACORONARY NICORANDIL, A HYBRID K-ATP CHANNEL OPENER AND NITRIC OXIDE DONOR, ON MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: DEMONSTRATION OF ITS SUPERIORITY TO INTRACORONARY NITROGLYCERIN
Authors: Noritoshi Ito, Shinsuke Nanto, Yasuji Doi, Kei Nishiyama, Ken Nagao, Yuma Kurozumi, Daisuke Tonomura, Tomoaki Natsukawa, Hirotaka Sawano, Daisaku Masuda, Shizuya Yamashita, Noriaki Yamada, Ken-ichiro Okada, Yasuyuki Hayashi, Tatsuro Kai, Toru Hayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
High-avidity cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a new PRAME-derived peptide can target leukemic and leukemic-precursor cells
Authors: Concetta Quintarelli, Gianpietro Dotti, Sayyeda T. Hasan, Biagio De Angelis, Valentina Hoyos, Santa Errichiello, Martha Mims, Luigia Luciano, Jessica Shafer, Ann M. Leen, Helen E. Heslop, Cliona M. Rooney, Fabrizio Pane, Malcolm K. Brenner, Barbara Savoldo
Journal: Blood (2011)
ONE HUNDRED CASES OF ASTIGMATISM CONTRARY TO THE RULE, AND THE ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS.
Authors: G. E. DE SCHWEINITZ
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Ever since the days when Weir Mitchell called attention to the intimate connection between a variety of headaches and the existence of errors of refraction, before which time this close association had not received at the hands of neurologists extensive study, the literature of ophthalmology and neurology has been burdened with numerous communications upon this relationship, until now the investigation of a case of headache is not complete until the refraction of the eye and the balance of the ocular muscles have been carefully considered. All forms of refraction error are known to be the cause of headaches, and usually it is considered that the presence of astigmatism, either of the simple or compound type, aggravates the amount of the head-pain. It has been stated that when the astigmatism is contrary to the rule, the entire correction of the error is more absolutely necessary to bring relief, and that its
STUDIES ON MOUSE LEUKEMIA
Authors: Maurice N. Richter, E. C. MacDowell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

The effect of heat, hypo- and hypertonic salt solutions, glycerin, desiccation, and mechanical injury was studied on leukemic lymphoid cells of the mouse, and the leukemia-transmitting property of cell suspensions (hypothetical transmitting agent) in vitro. The results indicate that leukemia has not been transmitted by inoculation without the introduction of living cells. The interval between inoculation and death bears an inverse relationship to the number of living cells inoculated.
Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis and Crossed Radioimmunoelectrophoresis Analysis of “Yellow Jacket – Common Wasp” (<i>Vespula</i> spp.)
Authors: R. Einarsson, R. Karlsson, B. Olsson, T. Uhlin, S. ÖHman
Journal: Allergy (1985)

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) pattern of Yellow jacket vespid venom showing 25 immunoprecipitates was used in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresisis (CRIE) analysis with sera from 35 subjects allergic to vespid venom. Phospholipase A and B, hyaluronidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases and a lytic active component were demonstrated in immunoprecipitates using zymography and direct haemolysis of sheep erythrocytes. CRIE analysis proved the allergenicity of these proteins. In addition, another antigen (Ag 17) with no detectable enzymatic or lytic activity was identified as an important allergen. This allergen is most likely identical to the previously described Antigen 5 in vespid venoms. By using CIE/CRIE the presence and complexity of multiple forms of the allergenic protein components were well demonstrated.