tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cortisol elimination from plasma in premenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: J Rovensky
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Objective:</b> To test the hypothesis that cortisol elimination from plasma can contribute to relatively low cortisol in premenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <b>Methods:</b> Twelve premenopausal female patients with RA (39.8 (1.8) years) and nine healthy control women matched for age and body mass index (42 (3.3) years) were enrolled in the study. None of the patients had previously been receiving treatment with glucocorticoids. After dexamethasone suppression (2 mg by mouth) the evening before the study, 20 mg of hydrocortisone was given. Blood and saliva samples were drawn six hours after injection of hydrocortisone. Plasma and salivary cortisol were measured. <b>Results:</b> Dexamethasone administration suppressed plasma cortisol concentrations to an almost undetectable level in all subjects, except one with RA. In this subject, a raised concentration of plasma cortisol was verified by repeated analysis despite the fact that cortisol concentration in the saliva sample measured simultaneously was not raised. No significant difference in the disappearance curve of cortisol in plasma or in salivary cortisol levels was found between the patients with RA and the healthy controls. <b>Conclusions:</b> The profile of disappearance of total cortisol from plasma, and salivary cortisol levels during the elimination phase after its intravenous administration, are unchanged in premenopausal women with RA. Alterations in cortisol clearance are not likely to have a role in cortisol availability in patients with RA.
Increased serum immunoreactive gastrin levels in idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
Authors: M A Bleicher, B Shandling, W Zingg, H W Karl, N S Track
Journal: Gut (1978)

The serum immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) level in infants with confirmed idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) has been determined and compared to that found in vomiting infants without IHPS, in normal infants, and in normal adults. The mean serum IRG level of normal infants (103 +/- 9 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM) exceeded that of normal adults (28 +/- 5 pg/ml). The preoperative mean serum IRG level in IHPS infants (256 +/- 26 pg/ml) was significantly higher than that of both normal infants and vomiting infants without IHPS (93 +/- 9 pg/ml). Twenty-five per cent (5/20) of the IHPS infants had serum IRG levels within the upper range of normal infants. Fasting serum IRG levels in IHPS infants were not altered immediately by pyloromyotomy. The results from this study suggest a relationship between gastrin and idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
Diet, Serum Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: MENARD M. GERTLER, STANLEY MARION GARN, PAUL DUDLEY WHITE
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Diet, particularly the ingestion of cholesterol and fats, has been considered as causally related to the increasing incidence of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. This communication presents evidence which is not consonant with this viewpoint. The evidence presented here is based upon dietary and serum cholesterol studies of 97 males who had experienced coronary heart disease prior to the age of 40 and, for purposes of comparison, 146 healthy, nonhospitalized males. The evidence shows clearly that (a) there is virtually no correlation between ingested cholesterol and the level of cholesterol in the serum, and (b) there is virtually no difference, on the average, in the amount of cholesterol ingested by patients of the coronary disease group and the individuals of the control group. A discussion of the "dietary theory" of atherosclerosis is included in this presentation.
Vasodilator Stress Perfusion CMR Imaging Is Feasible and Prognostic in Obese Patients
Authors: Ravi V Shah, Bobak Heydari, Otavio Coelho-Filho, Siddique A Abbasi, Jiazhuo H Feng, Tomas G Neilan, Sanjeev Francis, Ron Blankstein, Michael Steigner, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Raymond Y Kwong
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
A Clinical Lecture ON THE KINKS WHICH DEVELOP IN OUR DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN CHRONIC INTESTINAL STASIS: Delivered at Guy's Hospital, March 22nd
Authors: W. A. Lane
Journal: BMJ (1911)

GENTLEMEN,-1 would call attention to our drainage apparatus in the present condition of civilization, and would point out to you how difficult it is in the circum- stances to render it efficient for the purpose in hand- namely, to transmit its contents at such a rate that they shall not have time to undergo such a degree of decom- Tposition as will produce harm to the individual by the absorption of the products.Let us regard the gastro-intestinal tract as it.exists when the erect position of the trunk is assumed, which is the case from the time one gets up till one goes to bed.In other words, except for an average of about seven hours in the twenty-four,.there exists a constant tendency to the falling of the viscera in the abdomen.Consider the.stomach, which is held-immovably in -position by the oesophaguE, which forms its chief ligament.The drag of the contents of the stomach, augmented by that of the loaded transverse colon, transmitted to the stomach through the, great omentum, tends to displace the stomach downwards.This displacement is opposed by the oesophagus and by the lesser omentum, which is a ,comparatively feeble structure, and ill fitted to oppose this displacement.A new ligament representing the crystallization of lines ,of resistance forms between the pylorus and the under surface of the liver in front of the transverse fissure ex-
Pancreatic tuberculosis with common bile duct and pancreatic duct dilatation
Authors: S. Rana, D. Bhasin, N. Gupta, K. Singh
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 40-year-old woman with no comorbidities presented with history of abdominal pain of 3 months’ duration and progressively increasing cholestatic jaundice of 2 months’ duration. There was profound loss of weight and appetite. Clinical examination revealed deep icterus and a palpable gallbladder. Laboratory investigation revealed conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin: 16.2 mg/dL with conjugated fraction of 12.8 mg/dL) and markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (580 IU/L; normal < 126 IU/L). Chest radiograph was normal. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen showed a distended gallbladder with no calculi, and both the common bile duct (CBD) and the pancreatic duct were dilated. The lower end of the CBD was obstructed by a hypoechoic mass lesion in the head of pancreas. Side-viewing endoscopy showed normal papilla. Radial endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination revealed a 3.6 cm × 2.4 cm hypoechoic mass lesion in the head of pancreas ([Fig. 1]). This lesion was obstructing the CBD and the pancreatic duct ([Fig. 2]) and also infiltrating the portal vein ([Fig. 3]). No significant peripancreatic or celiac axis lymphadenopathy was noted. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was done from the mass in the head of pancreas using a linear echoendoscope ([Fig. 4]). The cytological analysis of the aspirate revealed epithelioid cell granuloma ([Fig. 5]), but no acid-fast bacilli were noted. The patient was started on four-drug antitubercular therapy and within 2 weeks the pruritus subsided. The liver function tests normalized after 3 months of antitubercular therapy and an ultrasound of the abdomen after 3 months of therapy revealed normal pancreas. On EUS of the head of pancreas 4 months later, there was no mass and few echogenic strands were noted.
ADDRESS ON THE CHARACTER OF DR. EDWARD JENNER AND THE HISTORY OF HIS DISCOVERY OF THE PROTECTIVE VALUE OF VACCINATION.
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

According to reliable authorities the subject of this address, Edward Jenner, was a native of Berkeley, in Gloucestershire, England. He was born May 17, 1749. His father was Rev. Stephen Jenner, who was rector of Rockhampton and vicar of Berkeley. He was the representative of an honorable family long established and owning some landed property in that county. His mother belonged to an ancient family in Berkshire. The father died when Jenner was only 6 years old, thereby leaving the care and education of Edward almost wholly to his older brother, Rev. Stephen Jenner, who appears to have assumed and executed all the parental duties relating to the younger brother with the utmost fidelity and tenderness. The early education of Edward was in the schools, chiefly at Wotton-under-Edge and Cirencester. During this time he developed so much fondness for natural history as to attract special attention, yet he was never
Genetics and Disease Expression in the CNGA3 Form of Achromatopsia
Authors: Lina Zelinger, Artur V. Cideciyan, Susanne Kohl, Sharon B. Schwartz, Ada Rosenmann, Dalia Eli, Alexander Sumaroka, Alejandro J. Roman, Xunda Luo, Cassondra Brown, Boris Rosin, Anat Blumenfeld, Bernd Wissinger, Samuel G. Jacobson, Eyal Banin, Dror Sharon
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
Bone Metastases From Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate Diagnosed by In-111 ProstaScint (Capromab Pendetide) Images With Negative Results of Tc-99m MDP Bone Scan and Without Significant Elevation of Prostate-Specific Antigen
Authors: SHANNON NORRIS, RAGHUVEER HALKAR, JAMES GALT, JOHN PETROS, JAMES KELLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 60-year-old man with a history of radical prostatectomy for cancer of the prostate (Gleason sum score = 4+5) was evaluated for persistent pelvic pain and a slight increase in his prostate-specific antigen level (0.01 to 0.1 ng/ml). MRI of the lumbosacral spine and pelvis showed no significant abnormality. A Tc-99m MDP whole-body planar bone scanning with SPECT images of the pelvis obtained 2 days later showed no abnormality. In-111 ProstaScint imaging was performed and showed recurrence of disease in the prostate bed. In addition, abnormally increased uptake in the left sacral ala and iliac wing were noted. After 10 days, another MRI of the pelvis showed a soft tissue mass in the left sacral ala, and a CT-guided biopsy revealed poorly differentiated metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. This case shows that poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate can metastasize to bones without significant elevation in the serum prostate-specific antigen level.
Prevalence of asthma in Finnish young men.
Authors: T Haahtela, H Lindholm, F Bjorksten, K Koskenvuo, L A Laitinen
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To determine the prevalence of asthma in cohorts of Finnish young men in the period 1926-89.A retrospective analysis using reports and statistics of Finnish defence forces.Call up examinations of candidates for military conscription and examination of conscripts discharged because of poor health.Roughly 900,000 men--that is, 98% of men of conscription age--examined in 1966-89 and a proportional but unknown number examined in 1926-61.Asthma recognised at call up examination, exemption from military service, and discharge from military service because of asthma.During 1926-61 the prevalence of asthma recorded at call up examinations remained steady at between 0.02% and 0.08%. Between 1961 and 1966, however, a continuous, linear rise began, the prevalence increasing from 0.29% in 1966 to 1.79% in 1989--that is, representing a sixfold increase. Compared with 1961 the rise was 20-fold. From 1966 to 1989 the sum of exemptions and discharges from military service due to asthma increased analogously sixfold.If the apparent increase in asthma detected in Finnish young men was due entirely to improved diagnostic methods and other confounding effects then some 95% of cases must have gone undiagnosed in the years before 1966. This seems inconceivable, which suggests that much of the increase was real. This conclusion is strengthened by the observed rise in exemptions and discharges due to asthma.
New Waves of Discovery: Modeling Cancer in Zebrafish
Authors: Wolfram Goessling, Trista E. North, Leonard I. Zon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Article Tools Biology of Neoplasia Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2006.08.9821 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 17557959 New Waves of Discovery: Modeling Cancer in Zebrafish Wolfram GoesslingxWolfram GoesslingSearch for articles by this author , Trista E. NorthxTrista E. NorthSearch for articles by this author , Leonard I. ZonxLeonard I. ZonSearch for articles by this author Show More From the Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and the GI Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.08.9821 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2007 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Nonsegregated Acute Psychiatric Admissions to General Hospitals — Continuity of Care within the Community Hospital
Authors: Georges R. Reding, Barbara Maguire
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Over a four-year period, 344 patients were admitted as acute psychiatric emergencies to nonpsychiatric units of the three general hospitals of a rural county. After appointment of the psychiatrist as an active member of a medical staff, and with the help of indoctrination exercises, this admission procedure was well accepted by administration, by the physician and nursing staff, and by the patients with private conventional medical disorders who were roommates of those with psychiatric complaints. The median duration of hospitalization was 6.5 to 8.5 days as compared to 30 days in the Regional State Hospital and 24 days in psychiatric units of general hospitals. The proportion of general readmissions was 18 per cent. The nonpsychiatric unit of the general hospital is proposed as a satisfactory alternative, for the care of the acute phase of mental illness, to the traditional forms of psychiatric hospitalization. (N Engl J Med 289:185–189, 1973)
Critical Analysis of Bladder Sparing with Trimodal Therapy in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Guillaume Ploussard, Siamak Daneshmand, Jason A. Efstathiou, Harry W. Herr, Nicholas D. James, Claus M. Rödel, Shahrokh F. Shariat, William U. Shipley, Cora N. Sternberg, George N. Thalmann, Wassim Kassouf
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Oxidized thiols markedly amplify the vascular response to balloon injury in rabbits through a redox active metal-dependent pathway
Authors: M. Janiszewski, C. A. Pasqualucci, L. C. Souza, F. Pileggi, P. L. Da Luz, F. R. M. Laurindo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: Our aim was to assess whether exposure to oxidized thiols – a known usual consequence of oxidant stress – has the potential to affect the vascular repair response to angioplasty-induced injury. In addition, we also assessed the role of redox active metals in disulfide effects. Methods: In 82 rabbits submitted to overdistention of iliac arteries, the following variables were analyzed: neointimal thickening, immunoreactivity to Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, and cellular and collagen densities. Results: A single intraarterial challenge of oxidized glutathione (GSSG, 6.5 μmol/kg) during and immediately after injury triggered a marked increase of the vascular repair reaction, as follows: (A) at day 7 after injury, there was a 2.7-fold increase in proliferation (p<0.001 vs. control); (B) at day 14, there was increase of intimal/medial area ratio to 1.35±0.14, vs. 0.56±0.08 in controls. Proliferating cells increased to 5.5±0.8 cells/mm2, vs. 2.2±0.5 in controls (p<0.002 for both variables). Overall cellularity was enhanced 2.2-fold; (C) at day 28, there was ongoing vessel wall proliferation, contrarily to controls. All GSSG effects were completely prevented by co-infusion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and were mimicked by cystine (6.5 μmol/kg). The uninjured artery showed no response to disulfides. To assess the role of redox active metals in GSSG action, the effects of 1,10-phenanthroline or N-CBZ-Pro-Leu-Gly hydroxamic acid (HXA), metal chelators with metalloproteinase inhibitor properties, were evaluated. Both compounds totally blocked the GSSG-induced amplification of vascular responses. In rabbits not exposed to GSSG, HXA decreased neointimal thickening by 50% (p<0.05). Conclusions: Exposure to excess disulfide levels early after vascular balloon injury markedly amplified the late cellular response through interaction with redox active metals. These pathways can potentially mediate noxious effects of oxidative stress in vessels.
Mixed Depression: Clinical Features and Predictors of Its Onset Associated with Antidepressant Use
Authors: Gabriele Sani, Flavia Napoletano, Paul A. Vöhringer, Matthew Sullivan, Alessio Simonetti, Athanasios Koukopoulos, Emanuela Danese, Paolo Girardi, Nassir Ghaemi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2014)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Mixed depression (MxD) is narrowly defined in the DSM-IV and somewhat broader in the DSM-5, although both exclude psychomotor agitation as a diagnostic criterion. This article proposes a clinical description for defining MxD, which emphasizes psychomotor excitation. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Two hundred and nineteen consecutive outpatients were diagnosed with an MxD episode using criteria proposed by Koukopoulos et al. [Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007;115(suppl 433):50-57]; we here report their clinical features and antidepressant-related effects. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The most frequent MxD symptoms were: psychic agitation or inner tension (97%), absence of retardation (82%), dramatic description of suffering or weeping spells (53%), talkativeness (49%), and racing or crowded thoughts (48%). MxD was associated with antidepressants in 50.7% of patients, with similar frequency for tricyclic antidepressants (45%) versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (38.5%). Positive predictors of antidepressant-associated MxD were bipolar disorder type II diagnosis, higher index depression severity, and higher age at index episode. Antipsychotic or no treatment was protective against antidepressant-associated MxD. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; MxD, defined as depression with excitatory symptoms, can be clinically identified, is common, occurs in both unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, and is frequently associated with antidepressant use. If replicated, this view of MxD could be considered a valid alternative to the DSM-5 criteria for depression with mixed features.
Multifactor potency scheme for comparing the carcinogenic activity of chemicals.
Authors: S Nesnow
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

A scheme for ranking the quantitative activity of chemical carcinogens is described. This activity scheme uses as its base dose potency measured as TD50 which after conversion into an inverse log scale, a decile scale, is adjusted by weighting factors that described other parameters of carcinogenic activity. These factors include positive or negative weightings for the induction of tumors at tissues or organs associated with high historical control tumor incidences; the induction of tumors at multiple sites; the induction of tumors in both sexes of the species; and the induction of tumors in more than one species. These factors were chosen because they represented qualitative descriptions of the general specificity or nonspecificity of chemicals with regard to the activity in rodents and have some bearing on the potential activity of chemicals in humans. To construct a measure to express the inactivity of chemicals toward the induction of cancer, a measure analogous to the TD50 has been developed: highest average daily dose (HADD) in milligrams chemical/kilogram body weight administered in a chronic cancer study and that did not induce a statistical increase in tumors. HADD values were similarly converted to log decile units and adjusted by weighting factors according to lack of activity in both sexes of a species and the lack of activity in more than one species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: JORGE ESPINO-VELA, N. CARDENAS, R. CRUZ
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Simple patent ductus arteriosus with a normal or only slightly elevated pulmonary arterial pressure was associated with an estimated life expectancy of 25 years before the era of cardiac surgery and antibiotics. No information is available regarding current life expectancy because almost all patients undergo surgery as soon as the diagnosis is established. The likelihood of premature death from bacterial endocarditis is estimated to be 14%. The operative mortality is about 0.3%. The patient is cured. Concerning the typical hypertensive ductus with a pulmonary arterial systolic pressure of less than 75% of the aortic systolic pressure, there is no precise information regarding life expectancy. Because of the same susceptibility to bacterial endocarditis and a propensity for progression of pulmonary hypertension, it is assumed that the life expectancy is shorter than it is for patients who have a simple ductus. The operative mortality is 0.5% if the pulmonary arterial systolic pressure is less than 45% of the aortic systolic, and 4% if it is between 45 and 75% of the aortic systolic pressure. The patient is cured. In extreme hypertensive ductus , here defined as a pulmonary arterial systolic pressure greater than 75% of the aortic systolic pressure, the average life expectancy is estimated as being in the twenties. The surgical risk is 18%. If the pulmonary exceeds aortic pressure and the shunt is right to left, the surgical risk approaches 100%. Most patients have reversible pulmonary hypertension and appear to be cured by surgery, but a few do not, and if they survive surgery, they remain as pulmonary vascular cripples postoperatively.