tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Inhaled Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen on Cheyne-Stokes Respiration in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: GERALDO LORENZI-FILHO, FIONA RANKIN, IAN BIES, T. DOUGLAS BRADLEY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We hypothesized that in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), reductions in PaCO2 sensed at the peripheral chemoreceptors trigger central apneas during Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR-CSA), and that raising PaCO2 by inhalation of a CO2 would eliminate these events. The effects of CO2 inhalation on the frequency of apneas and hypopneas during stage 2 (S2) sleep were studied in 10 CHF patients with CSR-CSA. The time from the breath with the minimal end tidal fraction of CO2 (FETCO2) during hyperpnea until the onset of apnea correlated strongly with the lung to ear circulation time (LECT) (r2 = 0.90, p < 0.0001), a measure of lung to carotid body circulatory delay. Among the six patients who also inhaled O2, CO2 inhalation increased transcutaneous PCO2 (PtcCO2) (36.4 +/- 4.6 mm Hg versus 38 +/- 4.4 mm Hg, p < 0.002), abolished central apneas and hypopneas (43.0 +/- 8.4 per hour on air versus 1.6 +/- 2.6 per hour on CO2, p < 0.0001), and increased SaO2. In contrast, O2 inhalation causing a similar rise in SaO2 had no significant impact on either PtcCO2 or the frequency of central events. We conclude that central apneas in patients with CHF are triggered by a low PaCO2 most likely sensed at the peripheral chemoreceptors, and that inhalation of CO2 reverses central apneas by raising PaCO2.
PROLONGED PERPHENAZINE THERAPY AND THYROID FUNCTION
Authors: FRANK J. AYD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

The findings in this survey do not support those reported by Cranswick, et al. The slight deviations from normal values in 3 of 25 patients (1 below normal and 2 above) are clinically and statistically insignificant. On the basis of the PBI determinations in these 25 patients on longterm perphenazine therapy, it may be concluded that this phenothiazine has no direct or indirect pathological influence on the thyroid gland.
Reviews and Notes: Geriatrics: Ambulatory Geriatric Care
Authors: Paula Bonino Davis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine1 April 1994Reviews and Notes: Geriatrics: Ambulatory Geriatric CarePaula Bonino DavisPaula Bonino DavisVeterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15240.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-7-199404010-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Ambulatory Geriatric CareThomas T. Yoshikawa, Elizabeth Lipton Cobbs, and Kenneth Brummel-Smith. 572 pages. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby-Year Book; 1993. $49.00.The typical scene shows the partners together, discussing the trials and tribulations of another office day. There among them sit the authors and their panel of experts. Finally, a textbook of both ambulatory care and geriatric medicine! The order says it all—the entire first part lays the foundation with the principles we use daily. Intertwined is practical advice. Other unique and helpful features include the Key Points section that begins each chapter; suggested readings in addition to standard references; ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15240. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1994Volume 120, Issue 7Page: 623KeywordsElderlyExerciseFallsGeriatric careGeriatricsHearingNutritionSexual dysfunctionUrinary incontinence ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 April 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Consultant and junior doctor contract negotiations have stalled, says BMA
Authors: A. Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Negotiations between the BMA and the government on consultant and junior doctor contracts have come to a standstill, the association has said.

The contract negotiations, which apply to NHS consultants in England and Northern Ireland and to junior doctors across the United Kingdom, began last October.1 They were due to end later this month.

The BMA said that negotiations had stalled after the government “refused to agree necessary safeguards to protect doctors from working dangerously long hours—compromising patient safety and doctors’ wellbeing.” It said that the government had not produced “credible” evidence of how seven day services could be delivered in a safe and sustainable way, adding, “They also failed to …
ANKRD26-related thrombocytopenia and myeloid malignancies
Authors: Patrizia Noris, Remi Favier, Marie-Christine Alessi, Amy E. Geddis, Shinji Kunishima, Paula G. Heller, Paola Giordano, Karen Y. Niederhoffer, James B. Bussel, Gian Marco Podda, Nicola Vianelli, Rogier Kersseboom, Alessandro Pecci, Chiara Gnan, Caterina Marconi, Anne Auvrignon, William Cohen, Jennifer C. Yu, Akihiro Iguchi, Allison Miller Imahiyerobo, Francoise Boehlen, Dorsaf Ghalloussi, Daniela De Rocco, Pamela Magini, Elisa Civaschi, Ginevra Biino, Marco Seri, Anna Savoia, Carlo L. Balduini
Journal: Blood (2013)
Bronchus‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma arising in a patient with bronchiectasis and chronic <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> infection
Authors: S. Gaur, E. Trayner, L. Aish, R. Weinstein
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract We describe a 67‐year‐old woman with bronchiectasis and Mycobacterium avium complex infection who underwent wedge resection of her pulmonary infiltrates because they were progressing despite antibiotic therapy. In addition to the expected granulomatous changes, she was found to have a B‐cell lymphoma of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). Despite normal bone marrow morphology, marrow involvement was demonstrated by flow cytometry. Her lymphoma remains suppressed with antimycobacterial therapy 6 months after resection of bulk disease. Am. J. Hematol. 77:22–25, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abstract 3623: Clinical significance of serum tumor markers in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Nobutoshi Hagiwara, Masao Miyashita, Tsutomu Nomura, Hiroshi Makino, Takeshi Matsutani, Naoyuki Yamashita, Ichiro Akagi, Eriko Shinozuka, Shunji Kato, Itsuro Fujita, Yoshiichi Kanazawa, Nobuyuki Sakurazawa, Hiroyuki Onodera, Eiji Uchida
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Esophageal cancer is still a disease with a high degree of fatality despite resent advances in surgical techniques and various therapies. Several serum tumor markers have been applied to diagnose and to follow-up in patients with esophageal cancer in clinical practice in Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of various serum tumor markers in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: Eighty one patients with esophageal cancer were recruited for this study. Serum level of tumor markers, squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC-Ag), p53 antibody(p53-Ab) carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), and CYFRA 21-1, were measured in subjects before treatment. The results of these tumor markers were compared with the clinicopathological findings of the subjects. Results: The positive rates of SCC-Ag, p53-Ab, CEA and CYFRA 21-1 were 44%, 34%, 17%, and 16% patients with esophageal cancer, respectively. SCC-Ag and p53-Ab showed positive with a relatively high frequency in cases of early stage esophageal cancer or superficial invasion, while CEA and CYFRA 21-1 could rarely be detected in such cases. Positive for SCC-Ag was significantly higher in patients with tumor invading into or through the musclaris propria than the patients within the submucosal layer. Substantially, the positive rate of SCC-Ag was associated with an advanced stage of disease. Values of p53-Ab in serum virtually demonstrated gradual decrease after treatment, not rapid depletion. All negative cases for p53-Ab before treatment showed negative at any point of treatment or follow-up on a consistent basis. CYFRA 21-1 showed positive in cases with distant metastasis. Conclusion: Each tumor marker for esophageal cancer presented different features in a clinicopathological analysis. The use of several combination of serum tumor markers seems to be most important for the detection and follow-up for of esophageal cancer at present. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3623. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3623
AstraZeneca stops paying for German doctors to attend conferences
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK’s new Bribery Act, which took effect in April, seems to be having a knock on effect in Germany, where at least one German subsidiary of a UK based drug company has announced it will no longer pay for doctors to attend international conferences.

Kai Richter, medical director for AstraZeneca Deutschland, told the Financial Times Deutschland that beginning in the second half of the year the company will not cover the cost of hotels and travel or conference fees for doctors attending medical science events.

Dr Richter was not quoted in the article as specifically saying the decision was taken on account …
Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Body Fat
Authors: Janine A. Blackman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Whether estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) prevents increases in body fat in postmenopausal women is of significant medical and public health interest. Evidence that ERT does not prevent increases in weight in postmenopausal women was recently reported on the Rancho Bernardo cohort by Drs Kritz-Silverstein and Barrett-Connor.<sup>1</sup>However, methodologic approaches may have obscured a real association. In the authors' analysis, body mass index (BMI) was used as the indicator of change in body fat. However, Roubenoff et al<sup>2</sup>recently reported BMI to be a biased indicator of body fatness in older women. Further, examining changes in BMI is problematic in aging female populations because women who maintain their weight but lose height show an increase in BMI. Since ERT preserves bone, postmenopausal women who do not use estrogens may lose more height than postmenopausal women who use estrogens. It would be interesting for Kritz-Silverstein and Barrett-Connor
Important aspects of the evidence for TCDD carcinogenicity in man.
Authors: E S Johnson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Most of the evidence for the carcinogenicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in humans has centered on whether TCDD causes soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) and malignant lymphomas (ML). Recently, reports from two of the largest occupational cohort studies have become available. A critical reappraisal of these and other recent reports indicates that it is unlikely that TCDD causes malignant lymphomas in humans. For STS, the evidence for an etiologic role for TCDD is not convincing. However, more data and further clarification are needed before a clear and objective evaluation can be made. Factors such as level of exposure, sex, and host susceptibility may be critical determinants of whether cancer occurs; there is evidence from both humans and animals that these factors play a role, and therefore these factors should be considered in future evaluations. There is a serious need to rule out the possibility that observed effects are due to other concomitant exposures. Consideration of the carcinogenic effects of TCDD in animals reveals consistency with the human data and points to other cancers such as those of the thyroid gland and lung, for example, which are more likely candidates for investigating the role of TCDD in their occurrence, while at the same time providing a basis for a better understanding and interpretation of the human data. There are now sufficient epidemiologic studies in place that will provide a better climate for a definitive evaluation in the near future.
Preventing infection in laboratories.
Authors: R A Cowen
Journal: BMJ (1980)

SIR,-The limitations inherent in conducting controlled trials of methods of providing health services, which we refer to in our paper, mean that we have no information on the criteria which were used to transfer a selected group of patients from medical units during the acute phase of rehabilitation.But we have been able to examine the results of standard clinical tests which were designed to predict outcome following acute stroke, and which will form the subject of a future publication.No difference was found in the pattern of neurological impairment present in the transferred group compared with those
Cardiotoxic Thyroid and Radioactive Iodine
Authors: Everett E. Hammonds
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A study was made of 43 patients with heart disease who could not be restored to a comfortable state of ambulation by treatment with digitalis, diuretics, low-sodium diet, and other medication. In this group there were 5 men and 20 women with definite evidence of thyroid abnormalities. In none of the 25 was the hyperthyroidism diagnosed clinically, although it was looked for by both history and physical examination; the evidence was obtained in each case by the radioactive iodine (I<sup>131</sup>) tracer technique. The diagnostic and therapeutic use of I<sup>131</sup>is exemplified in the history of a 53-year-old man with angina pectoris. It is believed that by careful adjustment of I<sup>131</sup>dosage the patient can be brought to a state of normal rather than subnormal thyroid function. The procedure outlined gave marked improvement in all patients but two who died of myocardial infarction.
Targeted disruption of DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Jing Liao, Rahul Karnik, Hongcang Gu, Michael J Ziller, Kendell Clement, Alexander M Tsankov, Veronika Akopian, Casey A Gifford, Julie Donaghey, Christina Galonska, Ramona Pop, Deepak Reyon, Shengdar Q Tsai, William Mallard, J Keith Joung, John L Rinn, Andreas Gnirke, Alexander Meissner
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Isoobtusilactone A Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis through Reactive Oxygen Species/Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 Signaling Pathway in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Po-Lin Kuo, Chung-Yi Chen, Ya-Ling Hsu
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract This study is the first to investigate the anticancer effect of isoobtusilactone A (IOA) in two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. IOA exhibited effective cell growth inhibition by inducing cancer cells to undergo G2-M phase arrest and apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that IOA's inhibition of cell growth was also evident in a nude mice model. Cell cycle blockade was associated with increased levels of p21 and reduced amounts of cyclin B1, cyclin A, cdc2, and cdc25C. IOA also enhanced the levels of inactivated phosphorylated cdc2 and cdc25C. IOA triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as indicated by a change in Bax/Bcl-2 ratios, resulting in mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cytochrome c release, and caspase-9 activation. We also found that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a critical mediator in IOA-induced cell growth inhibition. Enhancement of ROS by IOA activated apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) resulted in the increased activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38. Antioxidants EUK8 and N-acetyl cystenine significantly decreased apoptosis by inhibiting the ASK1 dephosphorylation at Ser967 and subsequently increased the interaction of ASK1 with thioredoxin or 14-3-3 proteins. Moreover, blocking ASK1 by small interfering RNA inhibition completely suppressed IOA-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results imply a critical role for ROS and ASK1 in IOA's anticancer activity. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7406–20]
Plague in Vietnam: Clinical Observations and Treatment with Kanamycin.
Authors: J. Robert Cantey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Plague in Vietnam: Clinical Observations and Treatment with Kanamycin.J. Robert Cantey, M.D.J. Robert Cantey, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-871_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAdvances in the diagnosis and therapy of plague, a disease with considerable morbidity and mortality, would be of obvious importance. Twenty-four patients withYersinia pestisinfections hospitalized near Pleiku, Vietnam, in 1969 were evaluated in terms of clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and therapy with kanamycin. Included were 13 cases of bubonic plague, seven cases of "bubonic-septicemic" plague, three cases of plague septicemia (systemicY. pestisinfection without detectable adenopathy), and one case of pneumonic plague. Two patients developed plague meningitis during the course of their illness. Previous reports have not emphasized bubonic-septicemic plague as a separate category in the spectrum... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Atlanta, Ga. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInfectious diseases: annual review of significant publications. 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 871-871KeywordsDiagnostic techniquesMeningitisMorbidityMortalityPlagueSepsis Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Molecular Remodeling of Members of the Relaxin Family During Primate Evolution
Authors: Thomas Klonisch, Christine Froehlich, Frank Tetens, Bernd Fischer, Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Employing comparative analysis of the cDNA-coding sequences of the unique preprorelaxin of the Afro-lorisiform Galago crassicaudatus and the Malagasy lemur Varecia variegata and the relaxin-like factor (RLF) of G. crassicaudatus, we demonstrated distinct differences in the dynamics of molecular remodeling of both hormones during primate evolution. The lorisiform and lemuriform preprorelaxin sequences encoded identical hormones, providing the first endocrinological evidence for the monophyletic origin of all Strepsirrhini. Structural analysis revealed the lemuriform members of the relaxin family to be potentially bioactive single-gene products. In contrast to the "two-prong" relaxin receptor-binding motif (RELVR) present within the B-domains of other primate relaxins, strepsirrhine relaxin contained a unique "three-prong" motif (RRLIR) with highest sequence homology to the receptor-binding motif of the evolutionarily much older skate relaxin. In contrast to relaxin, the RLF molecule was highly conserved during primate evolution and contained within its B-domain the putative relaxin receptor-binding motif and a pentameric sequence implicated in binding to specific RLF receptors. Mutually exclusive expression of strepsirrhine preprorelaxin and RLF were observed in the fetal villous trophoblast cells of the strepsirrhine placenta and postpubertal testicular Leydig cells, respectively, reflecting distinct functional roles for both hormones within the reproductive tract of Strepsirrhini.
How to reduce smoking among teenagers
Authors: P. Tønnesen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The most important way to stop the pandemic of smoking would be to stop the influx of new smokers i.e. mainly teenagers. When youngsters aged 13–14 yrs try their first cigarette, most of them are not aware of the possible risk they are exposed to. Among young people, the short-term health consequences of smoking include respiratory and nonrespiratory effects, addiction to nicotine, and the associated risk of other drug use. Long-term health consequences of youth smoking is reinforced by the fact that most young people who smoke regularly continue to smoke throughout adulthood 1.

In this issue of the Journal, Holmen et al. 2 report their findings from a cross-sectional population study in a county in Norway. The study seems to be well designed and conducted with a high participation rate of >90%. In this group of student teenagers physical activity was inversely associated with smoking and a positive correlation was observed between exercise and lung function in never-smokers. This is in accordance with other studies i.e. in US high schools. Students who play at least one sport are 40% less likely to be regular smokers and 50% less likely to be heavy smokers. Regular and heavy smoking decreases substantially with an increase in the number of sports played 3.

The lower rates of smoking for student athletes may be related to a number of factors: 1) greater self-confidence gained from sports participation; 2) additional counselling from coaching staff about smoking; 3) reduced peer influences about smoking; 4) perceptions about reduced sports performance because of smoking; 5) greater awareness about the …
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Robert Peveler, Tony Kendrick
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Geddes and Cipriani comment that available randomised evidence does not provide reliable estimates of the costs and benefits of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in patients with varying degrees of severity and laments the decline in non-commercial funding.1 Recent guidelines from the National Institute for National Excellence (NICE) also lack evidence.2 The NHS health technology assessment programme is funding a trial to tackle this very question. Led by the University of Southampton, in partnership with the University of Liverpool and Institute of Psychiatry, the THREAD (threshold for antidepressants) trial is comparing the effectiveness of SSRIs combined with supportive care with supportive care alone in primary care.

Since Paykel said that severity of depression around the threshold of DSM major depressive episode was the level at which antidepressant drugs were more effective than placebo,3 two recent studies have shown that SSRI antidepressants may be effective in patients with depressive symptoms of lesser severity.4,5 Confusion results from the inexact use of terminology: what is described in NICE guidance as “mild” depression is actually sub-syndromal depression by ICD-10 criteria. THREAD is using a continuous measure of symptom severity, the Hamilton depression rating scale, as its chief predictor variable, and recruiting patients with a score of ≥ 12, likely to lie in at least the “moderate” range.

One finding of the trial already apparent, however, is that patients' and doctors' preferences make randomisation a difficult proposition in this context. As previously observed in trials of counselling and drug treatment in this population, truly randomised evidence may be obtainable only in a group of participants who are unusual in other respects, and we need to learn more about the strengths and weaknesses of randomised and preference designs for investigating the value of treatments in such contexts.
Genetically engineered murine pancreatic cancer models approximate immunophenotypic properties of human patients
Authors: Thomas A Mace, Jason Pitaressi, Reena Shakya, Wendy Frankel, Tim Eubank, Tanios Bekaii-Saab, Mark Bloomston, Mitch Phelps, Thomas Ludwig, Michael Ostrowski, Gregory B Lesinski
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has a prominent stroma which includes collagen, lymphoid, myeloid, and stellate cells. Adequate preclinical models are needed to advance immunotherapy for PDA. Indeed many xenograft models poorly mimic the morphology, stroma, and phenotype of