tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colorectal Cancer Prevention
Authors: Ernest T. Hawk, Bernard Levin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in the United States. In the United States, the cumulative lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer for both men and women is 6%. Despite advances in the management of this disease, the 5-year survival rate in the United States in only 62%. Because only 38% of patients are diagnosed when the cancers are localized to the bowel wall, it is likely that widespread implementation of screening could significantly improve the outcome. Colorectal cancer screening is cost effective, irrespective of the methods used. In addition to currently available methods (fecal occult blood, flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and double contrast barium enema), computed tomographic colonography (virtual colonoscopy) and stool-based molecular screening are under development. Four classes of chemopreventive compounds have demonstrated efficacy in reducing recurrent colorectal adenomas and/or cancer in randomized, controlled trials. They are selenium, calcium carbonate, hormone replacement therapy, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The mechanisms of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs include inhibition of the cyclooxygenase system as well as cyclooxygenase-independent effects. Considerable effort is being expended to define chemopreventive activity, optimal dose, administration schedule, and toxicity for the coxibs in adenoma recurrence prevention trials. The threshold for tolerating toxicities is very low in asymptomatic individuals at minimally increased risk for colorectal neoplasia.
Guanine Nucleotides: Key Regulators of Hormone Receptor-Adenylate Cyclase Interaction
Authors: A. M. SPIEGEL, R. W. DOWNS
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1981)

MANY polypeptide hormones, prostaglandins, and catecholamines exert their physiological (and pathophysiological) effects by increasing intracellular cAMP concentration in their respective target cells. The first step in hormone action, binding to a specific plasma membrane receptor, leads to activation of the membranebound enzyme AC1 and formation of cAMP. Understanding how hormones activate AC, then, is central to understanding the mechanism of hormone action. Studies from numerous laboratories performed over the past decade have begun to clarify this problem. One of the major concepts to emerge from these studies is that guanine nucleotides (GN) play a critical role in mediating the effects of hormones on AC. This review will focus on the involvement of GN in regulation of hormone receptor-AC interaction. We will 1) detail the evidence that GN are required for hormonal stimulation of AC; 2) describe experiments showing that GN interact with a G unit2 and that the G unit is a discrete component of the AC complex
Searching for Epilepsy Solutions
Authors: Jennifer Fisher Wilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Current Clinical Issues17 August 2004Searching for Epilepsy SolutionsJennifer Fisher WilsonJennifer Fisher WilsonSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-4-200408170-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Patients who have a seizure while taking their first antiepilepsy drug are already almost out of options. Once 1 drug fails to completely control seizures, chances are only 10% that another drug will. A person who has tried 2 antiepilepsy drugs but still has seizures has, by definition, refractory epilepsy, also known as uncontrolled or intractable epilepsy. As many as 35% of all people with epilepsy have refractory cases.Physicians typically take 9 years to determine whether a patient's seizures can be controlled with antiepilepsy drugs. However, diagnosing refractory epilepsy should take just a year or two. The problem, according ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: None disclosed.E-mail:[email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByA prospective study of smoking, caffeine, and alcohol as risk factors for seizures or epilepsy in young adult women: Data from the Nurses’ Health Study II 17 August 2004Volume 141, Issue 4Page: 329-332KeywordsAdverse reactionsAntifungalsBrainDrug regulationDrug therapyDrugsEpilepsyEpileptic seizuresNeurologySurgery ePublished: 17 August 2004 Issue Published: 17 August 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Comparison of Two Slide Tests in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Fernando A. Bianchi
Journal: JAMA (1963)

SINGER AND PLOTZ<sup>1</sup>first described the eosin slide test as a simple screening method for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Lane and Decker<sup>2</sup>published an extensive, carefully controlled study and demonstrated that this new test was indeed as good as the more familiar Hyland RA slide test, thus confirming the conclusions of the originators.<sup>1</sup> The value of the Hyland latex slide test as a screening procedure in rheumatology clinics has been well documented in recent years<sup>3,4</sup>and the whole subject of the various serologic tests in relation to RA has been thoroughly reviewed and discussed.<sup>5-7</sup>As Singer states,<sup>5</sup>both the eosin and RA (Hyland) slide tests are valuable for detection of negative or strongly positive sera. Weak or 1+ slide test agglutinations should be checked by the latex fixation tube method or other procedures.<sup>8-10</sup> The present study compares the eosin and Hyland
A neuronal cell line (PC12) expresses two β1-class integrins—α1β1, and α3β1—that recognize different neurite outgrowth-promoting domains in laminin
Authors: K.J. Tomaselli, D.E. Hall, L.A. Flier, K.R. Gehlsen, D.C. Turner, S. Carbonetto, L.F. Reichardt
Journal: Neuron (1990)
The Use of Proto-Nuclein.
Authors: A. C. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Goshen, Ind., March 7, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I am much obliged to you for the space you were kind enough to give my article on proto-nuclein and a case treated with that medicine alone. I am still prescribing proto-nuclein in my daily practice, with increased confidence. I am free to state I have had more satisfactory results from this medicine than from any one remedy I have ever prescribed, except, perhaps quinin in malaria. Having had quite a long experience in the practice of medicine, I trust I am not entirely deceived. Allow me briefly to note a case. Early in the morning of October 15, last, I was called to attend a Mrs. S., aged 30, residing in this city. I learned she was taken violently sick in the night, six hours before I saw her. Had chills, very high fever, temperature 104, pain and sore throat. On
Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Rhondda Fach
Authors: A. L. Cochrane, J. G. Cox, T. F. Jarman
Journal: BMJ (1952)

The Plar Although this report is complete in itself, it presents the results of only the first stage of a long-term experiment.Some idea of the whole scheme must be given to explain the purpose of the survey, the reasons for the choice of this particular valley, and the emphasis that has been placed throughout on " infectivity."The main objective is to investigate the theory that progretsive massive fibrosis (P.M.F.) is a tuberculous lesion modified by the presence of coal dust (Gough, 1947;Fletcher, 1948).It is not possible to inves- tigate this hypothesis by means of experiments with animals, as they do not react to coal-dust inhalation in the same way as do men.A large-scale epidemiological experiment was therefore suggested by one of us (A.L. C.), to measure the change of " attack rate" (rate of appearance) of P.M.F. in miners with simple pneumoconiosis when the environment has been made as free from tuberculous infection as possible.In this way the importance of exogenous infection in the aetiology of the disease could be investigated.Clearly, the most difficult task in such a scheme is to reduce tuberculous infection sufficiently in a large area, but the results of community surveys in the U.S.A. by Davies and others (Davies and Scherer, 1939; Davies, 1946; Davies, Hedberg, and Fischer, 1948) suggest that a decided reduction in infec- tion is in fact feasible.The task was therefore under- taken, and is described in this report.On the initiative of the Welsh Regional Hospital Board and the Pneumoconiosis Research Unit of.the Medical Research Council, a Local Medical Advisory Committee was formed, on which all interested medical organizations were represented.A smaller Executive Committee prepared detailed plans and controlled the day-to-day running of the scheme.Two mobile teams carried out the survey-one from the Welsh Regional Hospital Board (hereafter referred to as the M.M.R. team), which x-rayed the women, chil- dren of school age, and non-mining males, and one from
Haemophilus influenzae Pneumonitis
Authors: CHERYL LIPSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1984Haemophilus influenzae PneumonitisCHERYL LIPSON, M.D., LEONARD HALLINGER, M.D., STACY LANE, M.D., ROBERT D. BRANDSTETTER, M.D.CHERYL LIPSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LEONARD HALLINGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, STACY LANE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT D. BRANDSTETTER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-1-157_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the report of Musher and colleagues (1) on pneumonia and acute tracheobronchitis due to Haemophilus influenzae. Indeed, respiratory tract infections with H. influenzae generally present as an acute inflammatory process (2). Recently, however, a patient with chronic influenzal pneumonitis was reported (3). We describe a further unusual case of chronic H. influenzae pneumonia in a patient to remind the reader that such an organism can occur not only in acute but chronic pneumonias.An 80-year-old woman was admitted with a mild nonproductive cough, low-grade fever, anorexia, and weight loss. She had smoked 20 years earlier, but had no bronchitis, asthma, alcoholism or diabetes. A chest roentgenogram showed...References1. MUSHER D, KUBITSCHEK K, CRENNAN J, and BAUGHN R. Pneumonia and acute febrile tracheobronchitis due to Haemophilus influenzae. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:444-50. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LEVIN D, SCHWARZ M, MATTHAY R, and LA FORCE F. Bacteremic Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in adults: a report of 24 cases and a review of the literature. Am J Med. 1977;62:219-24. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HENRY S, GOLD J, FREIMAN A, and ARMSTRONG D. Chronic pneumonitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae in an adult. Arch Intern Med. 1983;143:1461-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. JOSHI J, WANG K, DEJONGH C, NEWMAN K, WIERKIK P, and SCHIMPFF S. A comparative evaluation of two fiberoptic bronchoscopy catheters: the plugged telescoping catheter versus the single sheathed nonplugged catheter. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982;126:860-3. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CHERYL LIPSON, M.D.; LEONARD HALLINGER, M.D.; STACY LANE, M.D.; ROBERT D. BRANDSTETTER, M.D.Affiliations: New Rochelle Hospital Medical Center New Rochelle, NY 10802 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1984Volume 100, Issue 1Page: 157-158KeywordsAlcoholismAsthmaBronchitisFeversHaemophilus influenzaePneumoniaPneumonitisThoraxUpper respiratory tract infectionsWeight loss ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Comment on Gianatti et al. Effect of Testosterone Treatment on Glucose Metabolism in Men With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care 2014;37:2098–2107
Authors: Thomas Hugh Jones
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Gianatti et al. (1) have investigated the effect of testosterone therapy on insulin resistance in men with type 2 diabetes with testosterone levels below 12 nmol/L, with the primary outcome measure of insulin resistance by HOMA (HOMA-IR). Several studies have demonstrated an improvement in insulin resistance with testosterone replacement, but this study did not (2). The cut-off value for HOMA-IR to define insulin resistance is generally accepted as being greater >2.5 (3). The mean values for HOMA-IR in the current study at baseline were 2.11 (range 1.69–2.94) in the testosterone arm and 2.78 (1.76–3.93) in the placebo arm. Furthermore, the C-peptide and fasting insulin levels were not elevated or even within the upper normal range. …
Nonpayment for Harms Resulting From Medical Care
Authors: Heidi L. Wald, Andrew M. Kramer
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Doctor charged after hysterectomy on pregnant woman
Authors: C Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist has been charged with unlawfully procuring a miscarriage after going ahead with a hysterectomy operation on a woman who proved to be 11 weeks' pregnant.

Reginald Dixon, of Kingsmill Hospital, Sutton in Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, has been charged under the rarely used section 58 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861, introduced to combat backstreet abortions. It carries a maximum penalty of life imprisonment.

Mr Dixon, who is to appear before magistrates at Mansfield on 16 November, performed the operation in March 1993 on Barbara Whiten …
Allergen-induced Eosinophil Cytolysis Is a Primary Mechanism for Granule Protein Release in Human Upper Airways
Authors: JONAS S. ERJEFÄLT, LENNART GREIFF, MORGAN ANDERSSON, ERIK MATSSON, HANNES PETERSEN, MARGARETA LINDEN, TAREQ ANSARI, PETER K. JEFFERY, CARL G. A. PERSSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Cytotoxic eosinophil granule proteins are considered important in the pathogenesis of allergic airway diseases such as rhinitis and asthma. To explore the cellular mechanisms behind eosinophil granule release in human allergic airways, 16 symptom-free patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were challenged daily with allergen during 1 wk. Nasal lavage samples and biopsies, obtained before and 24 h after the last allergen exposure, were processed for immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analysis. The allergen challenges produced nasal symptoms, marked tissue eosinophilia, and an increase in lavage fluid levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). The nasal mucosa areas with intense extracellular immunoreactivity for ECP were associated with abundant free eosinophil granules. Electron microscopy confirmed the free granules and revealed that all mucosal eosinophils were involved in granule release, either by cytolysis (33%) or piecemeal degranulation (PMD) (67%). Resting or apoptotic eosinophils were not observed. Cytolytic eosinophils had less signs of intracellular granule release (p < 0.001) and a higher content of intact granules (p < 0.001) compared with viable eosinophils in the same tissue. This study demonstrates eosinophil cytolysis (ECL) as a distinct mechanism for granule mediator release in human allergic airway mucosa. The nature and extent of the ECL and its product (i.e., protein-laden extracellular granules) indicate that allergen-induced cytolysis is a primary and major mechanism for the release of eosinophil proteins in human allergic airway inflammation in vivo.
Manual of Refraction
Authors: Francis A. L'Esperance
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This book is the product of many years of thought and teaching by the author and deserves a place in the library of the discerning ophthalmologist. It has not been written to be a textbook, but rather a practical, clinically oriented handbook. The optics of certain visual problems are presented only when necessary, without the harassment of advanced mathematics, so that the techniques and procedures described are easily understood. Limited vision, anisometropia, prism correction, aphakia, and various refractive techniques used more commonly are the subject of well-written, extremely factual chapters. Although the print is small and somewhat difficult to read, the content of each paragraph is well worth the endeavor. Additional sections are concerned with the problems of contact lenses diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) in refraction, and clinical applications of the conoid of Sturm. Many of the more frequent and sometimes difficult problems encountered during refraction are illustrated by case histories in
Coordinate pulsatile insulin secretion by chronic intraportally transplanted islets in the isolated perfused rat liver.
Authors: N Pørksen, S Munn, D Ferguson, T O'Brien, J Veldhuis, P Butler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

In the present studies we sought to address the following questions: do chronically transplanted intrahepatic islets (IHI-Tx) secrete insulin in a coordinate pulsatile manner, and, if so, is reestablishment of this coordinate pulsatility a function of time after transplantation? We studied isolated perfused livers at 10 mM glucose from 27 rats rendered diabetic with streptozotocin and then transplanted with approximately 2 x 10(3) islets, 2 (n = 5), 7 (n = 5), 30 (n = 5), and 200 (n = 12) d after transplantation. 12 out of 12 of the 200-d IHI-Tx secreted insulin in coordinate pulses (frequency 3.9 +/- 0.3 pulses/h, amplitude 15.2 +/- 2.4 nmol/min). In contrast, one out of five 2-d, zero out of five 7-d, and one out of five 30-d IHI-Tx showed pulsatile insulin secretion. Insulin secretion was markedly greater (76 +/- 13 vs 13 +/- 3 nmol/min, P < 0.0001) in the 200-d versus early IHI-Tx. Pentobarbital 25 micrograms/ml had no effect on total (13.9 +/- 3.9 vs 15.9 +/- 3.9 nmol/min), nonpulsatile (12.9 +/- 3.5 vs 14.1 +/- 3.3 nmol/min), or pulsatile (pulse amplitude 17.6 +/- 4.5 vs 20.0 +/- 4.2 nmol/min, pulse frequency 4.1 +/- 0.3 vs 4.0 +/- 0.7 pulses/h) insulin secretion. Using synaptophysin, islet innervation was documented in 12 out of 12 200-d IHI-Tx but in none of the early IHI-Tx. We conclude that established (approximately 200 d) IHI-Tx secrete insulin in a coordinate pulsatile manner and that establishment of coordinate pulsatile insulin secretion by IHI-Tx is accompanied by increased total insulin secretion and is associated with islet reinnervation.
Allergic reaction to rubber chemicals in haemodialysis equipment.
Authors: P K Buxton, S M Going, J A Hunter, R J Winney
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Dimercaprol was given over days 1-4.Conversion: SI to traditional units-Urea: 1 mmol/l 6 mg/100 ml.Creatinine: 1 sLmol/lI 11-3 qug/100 ml. CommentHollow fibre artificial kidneys are now in common use.They consist of a plastic cylinder about 20 cm long and 8 cm in diameter.Running the length of the cylinder are 10 000-14 000 capillary tubes, through which the blood flows.Their ends are embedded in a rubber on 19 August
Alteration of Glucose and Insulin Metabolism in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: GERSHON HAIT, MARINA CORPUS, FRANCOIS R. LAMARRE, SHANG-HSIEN YUAN, JINDRICH KYPSON, GRACE CHENG
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Children with left-to-right shunt, with and without congestive heart failure, were found to have impaired glucose tolerance tests (GTT). In cyanotic children normal levels of glucose were found in association with abnormally high levels of insulin following oral GTT. Several possible mechanisms are proposed to explain the different glucose tolerance alterations: (1) Suppression of insulin release appeared to partially explain the low levels of insulin in congestive heart failure. This suppression may be related to the high levels of circulating norepinephrine found in these patients. (2) Excessive clearance of insulin by the lung may also be responsible for the reduced arterial insulin levels in patients with left-to-right shunt, and underclearance of insulin for the abnormally higher arterial insulin levels in patients with right-to-left shunts in whom a significant amount of venous blood has bypassed the lung. (3) Hypoxia of the pancreas and the liver in cyanotic patients and those with congestive heart failure may explain the reduction of insulin levels in the hepatic vein following i.v. glucose tolerance tests. An excess production of a glucagonlike gastrointestinal factor in cyanotic children may partially explain the abnormally high levels of insulin following oral GTT.
Cyclosporine induces different responses in human epithelial, endothelial and fibroblast cell cultures
Authors: Ciro Esposito, Alessia Fornoni, Flavia Cornacchia, Nicoletta Bellotti, Gianluca Fasoli, Annalisa Foschi, Iolanda Mazzucchelli, Tiziana Mazzullo, Luca Semeraro, Antonio Dal Canton
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Did Beethoven Have Paget's Disease of Bone?
Authors: V. S. NAIKEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

A new speculative viewpoint—Paget's disease of bone—is advanced here to explain the deafness of Ludwig von Beethoven. This hypothesis takes into consideration the unusual physical characteristics of the skull, face, jaw, and body of the composer, heretofore ignored in most discussions on the subject of Beethoven's deafness.
VERY HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Authors: LOUIS FAUGERES BISHOP
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The types of congenital heart lesion encountered in adult life, for instance, around the age of 40, are of two kinds. The typical congenital heart lesion, with the enormous enlargement in the region of the conus and the marked thrill in the pulmonary region, accompanied by loud systolic bruit heard over all the chest, is usually seen by many physicians, and is recognized by nearly all. There is another type of congenital heart disease that is much more obscure and the existence of which some people doubt. We find, in some of these cases, a very high blood pressure, with a right ventricular preponderance. In these, no definite inference can be drawn from what is heard on auscultation. When a person with a blood pressure of 240 or thereabouts gives a history of many years of circulatory difficulty, we should expect to find with our fluoroscope a very large left