tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
First Use of Antilymphocytic Serum
Authors: KORNEL GIBIŃSKI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 June 1970First Use of Antilymphocytic SerumKORNEL GIBIŃSKIKORNEL GIBIŃSKISearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-6-959_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Last year the review "Antilymphocytic Antibody Effects in Experimental Animals and Problems in Human Use" by Stewart Sell appeared in the ANNALS(71:177-196, 1969). At the same time similar papers appeared in some other American journals. All the authors were convinced that the first application of antilymphocytic serum to human beings took place in 1967. This is wrong, however, and I am presenting herewith the evidence that it was 20 years earlier in Poland. As it was published in Polish and obviously is not familiar to the American scientists I would like to quote the pertinent bibliographic... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Kierownik Ill Kliniki Chor. Wewn. Slaskiej Akademii Medycznej Katowice, Poland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1970Volume 72, Issue 6Page: 959-960KeywordsScientists Issue Published: 1 June 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Eflornithine Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in AIDS
Authors: Thomas M. Gilman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have treated<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia (PCP) with the investigational drug eflornithine (α-difluoromethylornithine) in ten patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Eflornithine irreversibly inhibits ornithine decarboxylase and prevents the biosynthesis of putrescine and other polyamines neces
Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by oxidative and bacterial stress in an amphibian cell culture model.
Authors: Lisa A Carter, Maija B Tabor, James C Bonner, Lisa A Bonner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The decline of many amphibian species could be caused by their susceptibility to environmental pollutants that cause cellular stress and cell death. A variety of intracellular signal transduction pathways are activated by environmental stress factors, which result in cell death. Mitogen-activated protein kinases are intracellular signaling molecules that include the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK-1 and ERK-2). We used cultured (italic)Xenopus(/italic) tadpole cells (XTC-2 cells) to investigate the activation of ERK by oxidative or bacterial stress, two environmental factors that could contribute to pollution in aquatic systems. We exposed XTC-2 cell monolayers to hydrogen peroxide or bacterial lipopolysaccharide and measured ERK activation by Western blotting using antibodies raised against phosphorylated ERK-1 and ERK-2. Only ERK-2 was detected in XTC-2 cells. Both hydrogen peroxide and lipopolysaccharide caused ERK-2 phosphorylation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Hydrogen peroxide caused a 20- to 30-fold increase in ERK-2 activation that peaked 30 min after treatment, and lipopolysaccharide induced a 5- to 10-fold increase in ERK-2 activation that peaked 60 min after treatment. PD98059, an inhibitor of the ERK pathway, reduced the cytotoxic response of XTC-2 cells to hydrogen peroxide or lipopolysaccharide. These data suggest that ERK-2 is an intracellular target of oxidative and bacterial stress in amphibians that mediates, at least in part, the cytotoxic response to hydrogen peroxide or lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, the (italic)Xenopus(/italic) (XTC-2) cell culture system could serve as a useful model to identify agents that might threaten amphibian populations and human health.
Ghrelin improves tissue perfusion in severe sepsis via downregulation of endothelin-1
Authors: R WU, W DONG, M ZHOU, X CUI, H HANKSIMMS, P WANG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Severe sepsis is associated with increased total peripheral resistance (TPR) and decreased organ blood flow, in which endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays an important role. Plasma levels of ghrelin, a newly-identified endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor and a potent vasodilatory peptide, are significantly reduced in sepsis. Ghrelin downregulation heralds the hypodynamic response in severe sepsis. Therefore, we hypothesized that the administration of exogenous ghrelin improves organ blood flow by downregulation of ET-1 under such conditions.Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 5 h post-CLP, a bolus intravenous injection of 2 nmol ghrelin was followed by a continuous infusion of 12 nmol ghrelin via a primed mini-pump over 15 h. At 20 h post-CLP (i.e., severe sepsis), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), TPR, and organ blood flow were measured using (141)Ce-microspheres. Plasma ET-1 levels and preproET-1 gene expression in the liver, small intestine, and kidneys were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. The direct effect of ghrelin on ET-1 production was studied using cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).Ghrelin administration reduced TPR, increased CO, SV, and organ blood flow, downregulated preproET-1 gene expression, and decreased plasma levels of ET-1 in sepsis. Ghrelin inhibited TNF-alpha-induced ET-1 release from HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ghrelin inhibited TNF-alpha-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in HUVECs.The improvement of tissue perfusion by ghrelin in severe sepsis appears to be mediated by downregulation of ET-1 involving a NF-kappaB-dependent pathway.
Vaginal Misoprostol Administered 1, 2, or 3 Days After Mifepristone for Early Medical Abortion
Authors: Eric A. Schaff, Stephen L. Fielding, Carolyn Westhoff, Charlotte Ellertson, Steven H. Eisinger, Lisa S. Stadalius, Lisa Fuller
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextThe conventional timing of misoprostol administration after mifepristone for medical abortion is 2 days, but more flexible intervals, which may make the regimen more convenient, have not been studied.ObjectiveTo determine whether vaginal misoprostol administered 1, 2, or 3 days after mifepristone influences safety or effectiveness for abortion at up to 56 days' gestation.DesignProspective, randomized, open-label trial conducted from March 1998 to June 1999.SettingSixteen US primary care and referral abortion facilities.PatientsA total of 2295 healthy patients aged 18 years or older who were 56 or fewer days pregnant. Forty (1.7%) were lost to follow-up.InterventionsPatients received 200 mg of oral mifepristone and were randomly assigned to self-administer 800 µg of vaginal misoprostol at home 1 (n = 745), 2 (n = 778), or 3 (n = 772) days later. Women returned to the clinic up to 8 days after mifepristone for ultrasonographic evaluation. A second dose of misoprostol was administered if the abortion was not complete. Patients with continuing pregnancy, excessive bleeding, or retained pregnancy tissue 5 weeks later received an aspiration curettage.Main Outcome MeasuresEffectiveness of the procedure (ie, a complete medical abortion without surgical intervention), adverse effects, acceptability of the procedure based on patient questionnaires, reasons for surgical intervention, and adverse outcomes, compared among the study groups.ResultsOf the 2255 women completing follow-up, complete medical abortion rates were 98% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97%-99%) among those using misoprostol after 1 day, 98% (95% CI, 97%-99%) for those using misoprostol after 2 days, and 96% (95% CI, 95%-97%) among those using misoprostol after 3 days. Fifty-five subjects aborted before taking misoprostol, 9 had early surgery, and 103 did not take misoprostol on their assigned day. No blood transfusions were required. Cramping and nausea were the most common adverse effects reported, with similar percentages of patients in all 3 groups reporting such effects. Thirteen unexpected or serious adverse events occurred: 6 in those using misoprostol after 1 day; 4 in those using it after 2 days; and 3 in those using it after 3 days. Nearly all women (>90%) found the procedure to be acceptable.ConclusionsOur results suggest that vaginal misoprostol, 800 µg, can be used from 1 to 3 days after mifepristone, 200 mg, for early medical abortion, and need not be administered strictly 48 hours after mifepristone.
Inhibitory effect of adenine nucleotides and anti‐allergic drugs on phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol in rat mast cell granules
Authors: M. KUROSAWA, Y. OKAYAMA, S. KOBAYASHI
Journal: Allergy (1989)

Rat mast cell granules were obtained by sonication of highly purified rat mast cells and isolated in a Percoll gradient. Phosphorylation of endogenous phosphatidylinositol in rat mast cell granules, which is catalyzed by phosphatidylinositol kinase in the granules, was assayed by measuring the incorporation of 32 P from [γ 32 P]ATP into phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate. Lipids were isolated with methanol/chloroform/HCl and were separated by thin‐layer chromatography on oxalic acid impregnated silica gel plates. Phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate areas were identified by staining with iodine, scraped and measured for 32 P radioactivity. The phosphorylation reaction was inhibited by 50–500 μM adenosine, ADP and 500 μM AMP in a concentration‐dependent manner. Among several antiallergic drugs investigated, 100±1000 μM theophylline and 10±100 μM azelastine inhibited the phosphorylation reaction, but disodium cromoglycate and ketotifen had littel effect.
Ga-67 Scintigraphy Showing the Triad of Brochiectasis, Paranasal Sinusitis, and Situs Inversus in a Patient with Kartagener’s Syndrome
Authors: MURRAY D. BECKER, YAHYA M. BERKMEN, RASHID FAWWAZ, RONALD VAN HEERTUM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 40-year-old man was examined for fever and chronic cough. The admission chest radiograph showed dextrocardia and bilateral hilar adenopathy. A Ga-67 scan showed abdominal situs inversus (with a left-sided liver) and abnormal uptake in the pulmonary hila, left lung, and nasopharynx. A chest computed tomograph showed complete (thoracic and abdominal) situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and a consolidation in the left lung. Klebsiella and Staphylococcus were cultured in the sputum, which indicated the patient had pneumonia in the setting of chronically colonized bronchiectatic airways. Bronchoscopic biopsy confirmed the primary ciliary dysplasia seen in Kartagener's syndrome.
Clinical Course and Prognosis of Smoldering (Asymptomatic) Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Robert A. Kyle, Ellen D. Remstein, Terry M. Therneau, Angela Dispenzieri, Paul J. Kurtin, Janice M. Hodnefield, Dirk R. Larson, Matthew F. Plevak, Diane F. Jelinek, Rafael Fonseca, Lee Joseph Melton, S. Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma is an asymptomatic plasma-cell proliferative disorder associated with a high risk of progression to symptomatic multiple myeloma or amyloidosis. Prognostic factors for the progression and outcome of this disease are unclear.We searched a computerized database and reviewed the medical records of all patients at Mayo Clinic who fulfilled the criteria of the International Myeloma Working Group for the diagnosis of smoldering multiple myeloma between 1970 and 1995. Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy specimens were studied, and patients were followed throughout the course of disease.During the 26-year period, 276 patients fulfilled the criteria for smoldering multiple myeloma. During 2131 cumulative person-years of follow-up, symptomatic multiple myeloma or amyloidosis developed in 163 persons (59%). The overall risk of progression was 10% per year for the first 5 years, approximately 3% per year for the next 5 years, and 1% per year for the last 10 years; the cumulative probability of progression was 73% at 15 years. At diagnosis, significant risk factors for progression included the serum level and type of monoclonal protein, the presence of urinary light chain, the extent and pattern of bone marrow involvement, and the reduction in uninvolved immunoglobulins. The proportion of plasma cells in the bone marrow and the serum monoclonal protein level were combined to create a risk-stratification model with three distinct prognostic groups.The risk of progression from smoldering multiple myeloma to symptomatic disease is related to the proportion of bone marrow plasma cells and the serum monoclonal protein level at diagnosis.
LIGATION OF FEMORAL ARTERY IN MIDDLE THIGH
Authors: J. M. Dodd
Journal: JAMA (1922)

J. K., a man, aged 25, laborer, April 4, 1921, while employed on the construction of an ore dock, was struck by an iron rod about 20 feet long and 1½ inches in diameter, which fell from the work above him. It came down endwise, struck him in the middle of the left thigh, and passed down through the popliteal space and out of the outer side of the leg about the middle and on to the ground, fracturing the fibula in addition to inflicting severe lacerations of the soft parts. No serious hemorrhage occurred at the time, nor was there more than slight primary shock.  The man was taken at once to the hospital, and the wound track was cleared of debris. The femoral artery could be felt pulsating in the upper wound, the rod having passed in front and to the outer side of the vessel and behind
Beta2-microglobulinaemia as index of diminishing renal function in diabetics
Authors: G C Viberti, H. Keen, D Mackintosh
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Beta2-microglobulinaemia as index of diminishing renal function in diabetics SIR,-The careful studies of Dr G C Viberti and his colleagues at Guy's Hospital (10 January, p 95) produced much interesting information but were, in our opinion, overinterpreted by the authors.The widespread introduction of f,2-microglobulin for assessing renal function in diabetic patients would be expensive and, on the evidence presented, premature.The suggestion that plasma 9,-microglobulin will detect cases of renal involvement in diabetics earlier than existing methods is not substantiated by the information presented.The diabetic patients studied had already been selected by the use
Prevalence of dermatophyte onychomycosis in the United Kingdom: Results of an omnibus survey
Authors: D.T. ROBERTS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Prevalence of dermatophyte onychomycosis in the United Kingdom: Results of an omnibus survey Get access D.T. ROBERTS D.T. ROBERTS Department of Dermatology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK Dr D.T.Roberts, Department of Dermatology, Southern General Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue s39, 1 February 1992, Pages 23–27, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00005.x Published: 01 February 1992
Mercurial Diuretics: The Replacement of Parenteral Administration by a New Oral Preparation in Ambulatory Patients with Chronic Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: SIM P. DIMITROFF, M. C. THORNER, GEORGE C. GRIFFITH
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Improvement in the usage of an effective therapeutic agent is highly desirable especially when the method of administration is simplified, the total dosage reduced, the toxicity of the drug diminished and the cost of medical care lessened. The replacement of parenteral injections of the mercurial diuretics by an oral preparation in ambulatory patients in chronic congestive heart failure represents a step forward in the management of this type of patient.
Flecainide-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia and Fibrillation in Patients Treated for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Rodney H. Falk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Flecainide acetate has a recognized proarrhythmic effect in patients treated for ventricular tachycardia. Three patients developed severe ventricular arrhythmias while taking flecainide for atrial fibrillation. Patient 1 had normal ventricular function and idiopathic atrial fibrillation. Treadmill exercise tests during digoxin therapy showed no ventricular arrhythmia; however, during flecainide therapy the patient developed ventricular flutter at his peak exercise level that required cardioversion. Patient 2 had normal ventricular function and a prosthetic mitral valve. During therapy with flecainide, 150 mg twice daily, he had an episode of sustained ventricular tachycardia, also at his peak exercise level. Patient 3 had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but no previous ventricular arrhythmia. She died suddenly within 10 days of starting flecainide therapy. Judged from previous findings none of these patients was considered at high risk for proarrhythmia. These cases suggest a possible relation between vigorous exercise, atrial fibrillation, and the proarrhythmic properties of flecainide and indicate the limitations of classifying patients as "high-risk" or "low-risk" for proarrhythmic complications of anti-arrhythmic therapy.
Bowen’s disease, solar keratoses and superficial basal cell carcinomas treated by photodynamic therapy using a large-field incoherent light source
Authors: S. Varma, H. Wilson, H.A. Kurwa, B. Gambles, C. Charman, A.D. Pearse, D. Taylor, A.V. Anstey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has not yet been demonstrated to be superior to conventional treatment in the treatment of superficial skin cancers and premalignant skin conditions. A limitation for PDT is the absence to date of a light source suitable for the treatment of larger lesions or 'field changes' where several lesions are present on one anatomical site. Objectives To investigate the safety and efficacy of a large field light source, the Waldmann PDT 1200, in the treatment of Bowen's disease (BD), superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and solar keratoses (SKs). Methods After application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid for 4–6 h, each lesion was irradiated with 105 J cm−2 of incoherent red light centred on 640 nm. Eighty-eight patients with 239 lesions were recruited. Results Within two treatments, 88% of BD lesions, 95% of BCCs and 99% of SKs showed complete clinical clearance. At 12 months the complete response rates were 69% for BD, 82% for BCC and 72% for SK. Conclusions This study confirms that PDT is a useful treatment and that selected superficial BCCs and SKs respond well to PDT. The PDT 1200 light source proved capable of treating multiple lesions amounting to a 'field change' and also lesions up to 10 cm in diameter within an acceptable treatment time. Thus far, PDT has failed to become established as a routine treatment for small premalignant and malignant skin lesions as it has not proved superior to simple cheaper conventional therapies such as cryotherapy, curettage and cautery, topical chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, or surgery. However, PDT has become established as a treatment for selected cases in some centres. This study suggests a role for PDT in the treatment of large premalignancies, superficial BCCs and field change where existing treatments may be problematic.
Cognitive Development of Yu-Cheng ('Oil Disease') Children Prenatally Exposed to Heat-Degraded PCBs
Authors: Yung-Cheng Joseph Chen
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To compare the cognitive development in Taiwanese children who had been exposed prenatally to high levels of heat-degraded polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with control children who were exposed to background levels. The disorder was called Yu-Cheng, "oil disease," in Taiwan.Matched-pair cohort study.Communities in central Taiwan in which there had been a cooking-oil contamination and mass poisoning by heat-degraded PCBs in 1978 through 1979.One hundred eighteen children born between June 1978 and March 1985 during or after their mothers' consumption of contaminated rice oil; 118 children matched for age, sex, neighborhood, maternal age, and parental education and occupational class; and 15 older siblings of exposed children, born before the poisoning.Cognitive development measured from 1985 through 1990 using the Chinese versions of the Stanford-Binet test and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Revised,The exposed children scored approximately 5 points lower on the Stanford-Binet test at the ages of 4 and 5 years and approximately 5 points lower on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Revised, at the ages of 6 and 7 years. Children born up to 6 years after their mothers' exposure were as affected as children born within a year or two after exposure when examined at 6 and 7 years of age. Older siblings resembled the control children.Children prenatally exposed to heat-degraded PCBs had poorer cognitive development than their matched controls. The effect persisted in the children up to the age of 7 years, and children born long after the exposure were still affected.
Electioneering on the wards
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Those in the profession who hold that medicine and politics do not mix should be advised to take a long winter cruise.A strong whiff of electioneering is in the air and it is heavily charged with the politics of health.In other words, state health provision is firmly identified along with education as the key "doorstep" issue of an election sometime in 1987.It boils down further to hospitals and schools or, if you like, doctors and teachers.None of that is easily to be guessed from the contents of the Queen's Speech at the opening of parliament next Wednesday.Indeed, no health legislation whatsoever is contemplated.The pre- election battle will be fought not so much on the floor of the House of Commons as in the media and the wards themselves.Argument will tend to be wild rather than wise.Nevertheless, the year ahead is a time for critical decisions by ministers constantly looking over their shoulders at an undecided electorate.The first of these decisions will soon be known when the annual public expenditure review sets the future level of funding for the health service.What interests ministers about that are the opinion polls indicating, firstly, that most people think that more money should be spent on the health service but, secondly, that over 80% of those who have had recent contact with the service are satisfied with their treatment.The trick is to bring the first closer to the second.The obvious way to do it is to allocate more money to health, if only at the margins.We shall see.As if in preparation for the electoral contest ahead the Depart- ment of Health and Social Security had the biggest shake up in the September reshuffle.In the language of the popular press, OUT went Mr Barney Hayhoe and Mr Ray Whitney, UP went Mr Tony Newton to Minister for Health and Mr John Major to Minister for Social Security, and IN as junior ministers came Mr Nicholas Lyell, and, with a bang, Mrs Edwina Currie (on whom it would be wrong to reach a hasty judgment).Baroness Trumpington continues as minister in the House of Lords,
EXPERIMENTAL CHEONIC NEPHRITIS.
Authors: W. OPHÜLS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

From the slight mention which experimental work on chronic nephritis receives in our text-books and even in more exhaustive monographs on renal diseases it would seem that the result of experimentation conducted with the object in view of reproducing chronic Bright's disease and of elucidating some of the many obscure problems connected with it has been unsatisfactory. Ziegler<sup>1</sup>states very positively: Die Experimentaluntersuchungen über Nephritis lassen sich für die Pathologie der bei dem Menschen vorkommenden Nephritis nur in sehr beschränktem Maasse verwenden. Similar remarks may be found in other publications relating to the same subject,<sup>2</sup>and yet a careful review of the literature shows that, although experimental research so far fails to furnish a full explanation of all conditions which in man are associated with this disease, the authors seem to underestimate the importance of what really has been accomplished. The number of instances is not so very