tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Milk Thistle and Prostate Cancer: Differential Effects of Pure Flavonolignans from <i>Silybum marianum</i> on Antiproliferative End Points in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Paula R. Davis-Searles, Yuka Nakanishi, Nam-Cheol Kim, Tyler N. Graf, Nicholas H. Oberlies, Mansukh C. Wani, Monroe E. Wall, Rajesh Agarwal, David J. Kroll
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Extracts from the seeds of milk thistle, Silybum marianum, are known commonly as silibinin and silymarin and possess anticancer actions on human prostate carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Seven distinct flavonolignan compounds and a flavonoid have been isolated from commercial silymarin extracts. Most notably, two pairs of diastereomers, silybin A and silybin B and isosilybin A and isosilybin B, are among these compounds. In contrast, silibinin is composed only of a 1:1 mixture of silybin A and silybin B. With these isomers now isolated in quantities sufficient for biological studies, each pure compound was assessed for antiproliferative activities against LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 human prostate carcinoma cell lines. Isosilybin B was the most consistently potent suppressor of cell growth relative to either the other pure constituents or the commercial extracts. Isosilybin A and isosilybin B were also the most effective suppressors of prostate-specific antigen secretion by androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. Silymarin and silibinin were shown for the first time to suppress the activity of the DNA topoisomerase IIα gene promoter in DU145 cells and, among the pure compounds, isosilybin B was again the most effective. These findings are significant in that isosilybin B composes no more than 5% of silymarin and is absent from silibinin. Whereas several other more abundant flavonolignans do ultimately influence the same end points at higher exposure concentrations, these findings are suggestive that extracts enriched for isosilybin B, or isosilybin B alone, might possess improved potency in prostate cancer prevention and treatment.
Progress in Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Authors: David Green
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In his preface to the first volume in this series (1972), Theodore H. Spaet wrote that the purpose of these volumes was to recognize hemostasis as "a broad field of interacting disciplines, in which there is a need for continuous consolidation of information segments." The articles were selected in an effort to "cover the breadth and depth that normal and abnormal coagulation deserves." Finally, readability as well as scholarliness were to be emphasized, "so that the series may stand both as a hemostasis text and a reference source." In all these contexts, the current volume is eminently successful. In the first review, Madri describes endothelial cell-matrix interactions. The topics considered include recent studies of the various types of collagen, the use of monoclonal antibodies for the localization of tissue matrix components, and a comparison of large-vessel endothelium with capillary endothelial cells in tissue culture. This topic is further explored by
Understanding the Spatial Clustering of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong
Authors: P.C. Lai, C.M. Wong, A.J. Hedley, S.V. Lo, P.Y. Leung, J. Kong, G.M. Leung
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

We applied cartographic and geostatistical methods in analyzing the patterns of disease spread during the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Hong Kong using geographic information system (GIS) technology. We analyzed an integrated database that contained clinical and personal details on all 1,755 patients confirmed to have SARS from 15 February to 22 June 2003. Elementary mapping of disease occurrences in space and time simultaneously revealed the geographic extent of spread throughout the territory. Statistical surfaces created by the kernel method confirmed that SARS cases were highly clustered and identified distinct disease "hot spots." Contextual analysis of mean and standard deviation of different density classes indicated that the period from day 1 (18 February) through day 16 (6 March) was the prodrome of the epidemic, whereas days 86 (15 May) to 106 (4 June) marked the declining phase of the outbreak. Origin-and-destination plots showed the directional bias and radius of spread of superspreading events. Integration of GIS technology into routine field epidemiologic surveillance can offer a real-time quantitative method for identifying and tracking the geospatial spread of infectious diseases, as our experience with SARS has demonstrated.
SERUM BYPRODUCTS OF COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS ARE NOT ELEVATED IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS DUE TO HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Andris Ellims, Andrew J. Taylor, Justin Mariani, Leah Iles, Micha Maeder, David Kaye
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Uptake and degradation of soluble aggregates of IgG by monocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: relation to disease activity.
Authors: A H Heurkens, M L Westedt, F C Breedveld, E Jonges, A Cats, T Stijnen, M R Daha
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and rheumatoid vasculitis have a diminished ability to degrade soluble complexes of aggregated IgG in the absence (mediated by Fc receptors) as well as in the presence of complement (C) (mediated by (Fc + C) receptors). To investigate whether a relation exists between the receptor mediated degradation of aggregated IgG by adherent monocytes and disease activity a longitudinal study was performed in 79 patients with RA and rheumatoid vasculitis over a period of 16 months. Adherent monocytes were incubated in vitro with 125I labelled IgG aggregates of restricted size in the absence or presence of fresh serum and the percentage of catabolised IgG aggregates was measured. Cross sectionally the degradation of aggregated IgG by monocytes, mediated by Fc and (Fc + C) receptors, correlated significantly with disease activity as scored by the Ritchie articular index, the presence of extra-articular features, and circulating immune complexes. A high number of Fc receptors on monocytes correlated with diminished degradation, whereas high numbers of complement receptors 1 and 3 correlated with enhanced degradation of aggregated IgG mediated by both Fc and (Fc + C) receptors. The degradation of aggregated IgG by monocytes did not correlate with disease activity in individual patients followed up longitudinally. When patient groups were formed according to the results of longitudinal studies, however, degradation of aggregated IgG mediated by Fc and (Fc + C) receptors was significantly decreased in patients with rheumatoid vasculitis and in patients with active RA in comparison with patients with inactive RA and healthy controls. Patients with active RA and rheumatoid vasculitis also expressed significantly more Fc receptors and less complement receptors on the monocytes than patients with inactive RA. Drug treatment did not correlate with receptor expression or the degradation of aggregated IgG by monocytes either in cross sectional or longitudinal studies. It is concluded that in RA disease activity is related to receptor expression and the degradation of soluble immune aggregates by monocytes.
Ultraviolet-B Enhances Corneal Stromal Response to 193-nm Excimer Laser Treatment
Authors: Zoltán Zsolt Nagy, Paul Hiscott, Berthold Seitz, Ursula Shlötzer-Schrehardt, Miklós Simon, Ildikó Süveges, Gottfried O.H. Naumann
Journal: Ophthalmology (1997)
Pericentral activity of alpha-fetoprotein enhancer 3 and glutamine synthetase upstream enhancer in the adult liver are regulated by β-catenin in mice
Authors: Erica L. Clinkenbeard, James E. Butler, Brett T. Spear
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

We previously showed that mouse alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) enhancer 3 activity is highly restricted to pericentral hepatocytes in the adult liver. Here, using transgenic mice, we show that the upstream enhancer of the rat glutamine synthetase gene is also active, specifically in pericentral regions. Activity of both enhancers is lost in the absence of β-catenin, a key regulator of zonal gene expression in the adult liver. Both enhancers contain a single, highly conserved T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor binding site that is required for responsiveness to β-catenin. We also show that endogenous AFP messenger RNA levels in the perinatal liver are lower when β-catenin is reduced.These data identify the first distinct zonally active regulatory regions required for β-catenin responsiveness in the adult liver, and suggest that postnatal AFP repression and the establishment of zonal regulation are controlled, at least in part, by the same factors.
Gastric Emptying
Authors: NEIL KATZ, MORAKINYO O. TONEY, JAMES D. HEIRONIMUS, THOMAS E. SMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Dynamic (continuous) and static imaging techniques were compared in the analysis of gastric emptying patterns in 16 consecutive adult patients with normal gastric half-emptying times assessed by dynamic imaging for 90 minutes under a dual head camera allowing simultaneous anterior and posterior imaging. Gastric t1/2 values were calculated for each patient based on four different data analysis methods: geometric mean corrected dynamic data (GD), anterior alone dynamic data (AD), geometric mean corrected simulated static data (GS), and anterior alone simulated static data (AS). The mean t1/2 values were: GD = 63.8 minutes, AD = 72.1 minutes, GS = 65.3 minutes, and AS = 73.0 minutes. Both the geometric mean corrected methods had a statistically different t1/2 than either of the anterior methods. Lag phase measurements, defined as a 2% decrease in gastric activity were: GD = 7 minutes, AD = 19 minutes, GS = 6 minutes, and AS = 16 minutes. Dynamic and static geometric mean methods provide similar gastric t1/2 calculations that are statistically different than anterior alone methods, and the lag phase is much shorter using either of the geometric mean methods.
OC-008 Kupffer Cells Play a Dual Pro-Inflammatory and Protective Role in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: T Vo, D Reid, W-K Syn, P Beck, D Muruve, B Eksteen
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading liver disease in Europe and North America. 30% of patients with NAFLD are estimated to develop inflammatory non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with the potential to lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current evidence suggests that gut bacterial products can drive hepatic inflammation by activating specific innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as TLR4 and the NALP3 inflammasome. Both receptors are expressed by liver resident macrophages, Kupffer cells (KCs). <h3>Methods</h3> To determine the role of KCs and interactions with PRRs in NASH, mice were fed a methionine choline deficient (MCD) diet for three weeks to induce NASH. Liposomal clodronate was used to deplete KCs. Serum ALT levels were measured and hepatic inflammatory infiltrates characterised by flow cytometry. Real-time qPCR was used to assess changes in gene expression. Murine findings were correlated with human liver tissue from NASH patients. Groups were compared by one-way ANOVA and significance set at P &lt; 0.05. <h3>Results</h3> NALP3 KO (knock-out), TLR4 KO or KC deficient WT mice on a MCD diet developed reduced liver damage and decreased T lymphocyte recruitment compared to WT MCD controls. Combined KC depletion and NLRP3 KO however lead to significantly worse liver injury and progressive fibrosis as measured by collagen expression. Further investigation revealed an as yet unrecognised role for KC expressed NALP6 activation which mediated anti-inflammatory responses and modulation of hepatic IL-22 responsiveness to reduce liver injury. <h3>Conclusion</h3> KC activation through NALP3 and TLR4 increases hepatic inflammation in the MCD model of NASH. KCs have a dual role in NASH as they also express NALP6 with anti-inflammatory properties and are able to reduce hepatic injury through modulation of IL-22 responsiveness modulation. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
<i>E. coli,</i>Antibiotics, and the Hemolytic–Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Lothar Bernd Zimmerhackl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The hemolytic–uremic syndrome is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal insufficiency. There are at least four major causes of the syndrome: bacterial and viral infections, which are responsible for the epidemic form; hereditary factors, which are responsible for familial forms, in particular recurrent, or atypical, hemolytic–uremic syndrome; systemic conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, cancer, transplant rejection, glomerulonephritis, and pregnancy; and exposure to toxins or potential toxins, such as cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mitomycin, and radiation.1 Among children the chief cause of the hemolytic–uremic syndrome is infection with enterohemorrhagic strains of Escherichia coli. Originally, a variety of serotypes were described . . .
Relationship between matrix metalloproteinases MMP‐2, MMP‐9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases‐1 and IL‐5, IL‐8 in nasal polyps
Authors: Y.‐S. Chen, T. Langhammer, M. Westhofen, J. Lorenzen
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Nasal polyps (NP), a subgroup of chronic rhinosinusitis, are characterized by interleukin 5 (IL-5) mediated infiltration of eosinophils in sinus mucosa, leading to pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, thickening of the epithelial basement membrane and tissue edema. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) constitute a large group of Zn2+ dependent endopeptidases with the ability to degrade extracellular matrix and are possibly responsible for the development of tissue edema in chronic sinusitis.The aim of this study was to determine the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) mRNA and to locate the distribution of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 by immunohistochemistry in ethmoid sinus mucosa in NP. Furthermore the correlation between IL-5 or IL-8 and MMP-2, MMP-9 or TIMP-1 is examined.Nasal polyps of 33 patients and 18 specimens of inferior turbinate mucosa were examined by real time RT-PCR for MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, IL-5 and IL-8 mRNA expression. Immunohistochemical labeling for MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was performed.Differences between both locations were detectable for MMP-9 (P < 0.001) and IL-5 (P=0.003) but not for MMP-2 (P=0.278), TIMP-1 (P=0.515) and IL-8 (P=0.386). Correlation was detected only between TIMP-1 and IL-5 (r=0.422, P =0.014). Cytoplasmic staining of MMP-2 was present in the apical part of the ciliated cells, submucosal glands and in smooth muscle cells. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 was expressed in surface epithelium, in seromucous glands and in polymorphonuclear cells.Expression of MMP-9 and IL-5 mRNA are associated with NP. The correlation between IL-5 and TIMP-1 indicates the role of TIMP-1 in maintaining the homeostasis in NP.
Prevention and Treatment of Shock
Authors: J. P. Lockhart-Mummery
Journal: BMJ (1939)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Debates have arisen as to whether non-human animals actually can learn astract non-symbolic numerousness or whether they always rely on some continuous physical aspect of the stimuli covarying with number. Here we investigated archerfish (<i>Toxotes jaculatrix</i>) non-symbolic numerical discrimination with accurate control for co-varying continuous physical stimulus attributes. Archerfish were trained to select one of two groups of black dots (Exp. 1: 3 <i>vs</i>. 6 elements; Exp. 2: 2 <i>vs</i>. 3 elements); these were controlled for several combinations of physical variables (elements’ size, overall area, overall perimeter, density and sparsity), ensuring that only numerical information was available. Generalization tests with novel numerical comparisons (2 <i>vs</i>. 3, 5 <i>vs</i>. 8 and 6 <i>vs</i>. 9 in Exp. 1; 3 <i>vs</i>. 4, 3 <i>vs</i>. 6 in Exp. 2) revealed choice for the largest or smallest numerical group according to the relative number that was rewarded at training. None of the continuous physical variables, including spatial frequency, were affecting archerfish performance. Results provide evidence of the spontaneous use of abstract relative numerical information in archerfish for both small and large numbers.
Early prediction of response to sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: The role of dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Maria Assunta Zocco, Matteo Garcovich, Andrea Lupascu, Enrico Di Stasio, Davide Roccarina, Brigida Elenora Annicchiarico, Laura Riccardi, Maria Elena Ainora, Francesca Ponziani, Gianluigi Caracciolo, Gian Lodovico Rapaccini, Raffaele Landolfi, Massimo Siciliano, Maurizio Pompili, Antonio Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Plasma levels and intestinal absorption of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with small bowel resection.
Authors: J E Compston, B Creamer
Journal: Gut (1977)

Plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) were found to be significantly reduced in a group of patients with small bowel resection when compared with normal controls. Plasma levels of 25-OHD after an oral dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-ohd3) were also reduced in the patient group. Dietary intake of vitamin D tended to be low in many patients, but seasonal variation of plasma 25-OHD levels indicated normal exposure to sunlight in most of the patients studied. It is suggested that these studies provide some evidence for malabsorption of 25-OHD after small bowel resection, which, it is postulated, may be due to interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and of 25-OHD. These factors may contribute towards the low plasma levels of 25-OHD found in the patient group.
Beta haemolytic streptococci and musculoskeletal sepsis in adults.
Authors: C Deighton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Lancefield group A streptococci (GAS) account for 3-17% cases of septic arthritis, but other beta haemolytic streptococci (BHS) (groups B, C, and G) are being increasingly implicated. Epidemiological evidence suggests that the increase of BHS sepsis in adults is a true increase and not simply a reflection of better reporting. While underlying predisposing disease and old age are common concomitants of BHS sepsis, some subjects with devastating disease have been young and healthy. This is particularly the case for highly virulent M1 serotypes of GAS, where a toxic shock-like syndrome has led to a number of deaths in young adults in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Musculoskeletal features, such as myalgias, painful swollen limbs, myositis, and fasciitis, are important features of this condition, so that rheumatologists may be involved in management. Group C and G musculoskeletal sepsis remains uncommon, with a high prevalence of underlying predisposing disease, or pre-existing arthritis in the septic joint. Group B BHS septic disease appears to be increasing in incidence. Musculoskeletal sepsis with these organisms usually takes place in subjects with other diseases, but healthy subjects have not been spared. Multiple septic foci and a rapidly destructive arthritis are not uncommon, and a recently described extra-articular feature is potentially blinding metastatic endophthalmitis. Clinicians need to be aware of an apparently increasing incidence of BHS musculoskeletal sepsis in adults so that early identification can lead to aggressive management in these potentially fatal infections.
Germany set to introduce electronic patient cards despite doctors’ opposition
Authors: Ned Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Electronic health cards are finally scheduled to be introduced in April in parts of Germany. But Germany’s doctors—who have been adamantly opposed to e-cards from the start—are still voicing resistance.

Initially the cards will contain only patients’ emergency data, but eventually they will include patients’ prescriptions and medical records, which will be stored on central servers.

The German Medical Association issued a press release earlier this month that claimed that patient data stored on central servers would not be secure and would be open for commercial exploitation. “Patients are not commercial products,” the press release declared. A few days earlier the medical association of the state of Hesse warned, “Big …
IS DEATH IN HIGH INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION DUE TO LIVER INSUFFICIENCY?
Authors: AXEL WERELIUS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Death in acute intestinal obstruction is almost generally conceded to be due to a toxemia derived from absorption of toxic products accumulated in the intestine above the obstruction. The higher the obstruction, the greater the supposed toxicity, and the more rapid the fatal issue. In order to examine this toxic material, segments in various parts of the intestine have been tied or sectioned off. The results are practically the same as in ordinary obstruction. If the duodenum in a dog is ligated, or sectioned above and below, the animal dies in from twenty-four to forty-eight hours. For several hours subsequent to the operation (sometimes twenty-four hours) the animal shows nothing abnormal; then the symptoms are ushered in rather suddenly with signs of increasing weakness and extreme sluggishness. There is no restlessness, no irritability, no convulsions. The animal lies down and refuses to come when called. It does not seem to
PrPSc in mammary glands of sheep affected by scrapie and mastitis
Authors: Ciriaco Ligios, Christina J Sigurdson, Cinzia Santucciu, Gabriella Carcassola, Giuseppe Manco, Massimo Basagni, Caterina Maestrale, Maria Giovanna Cancedda, Laura Madau, Adriano Aguzzi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
Challenge of responding to PVL positive Staphylococcus aureus skin infection
Authors: J. Cavanagh, M. Quinn, V. Wong
Journal: BMJ (2011)

We applied Health Protection Agency guidelines to the management of 32 cases of laboratory confirmed Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL) positive Staphylococcus aureus infection1 notified to the NHS Tayside Health Protection Team over two years.

Close contacts of individual cases comprised not only those in the same household but others …
Silencing of Irf7 pathways in breast cancer cells promotes bone metastasis through immune escape
Authors: Bradley N Bidwell, Clare Y Slaney, Nimali P Withana, Sam Forster, Yuan Cao, Sherene Loi, Daniel Andrews, Thomas Mikeska, Niamh E Mangan, Shamith A Samarajiwa, Nicole A de Weerd, Jodee Gould, Pedram Argani, Andreas Möller, Mark J Smyth, Robin L Anderson, Paul J Hertzog, Belinda S Parker
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA OF CHILDREN WITH ILLUSTRATIVE CASES.
Authors: J. M. G. CARTER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The term<i>dyspepsia</i>is so frequently used by writers as a synonym for indigestion that one needs to explain the meaning he attaches to the word. In this paper it is to be understood as referring to the condition which permits or encourages acute attacks of deranged digestion or unnatural distress in the stomach or bowels from the presence or absence of normal food or its products. The acute attacks of interference with digestion are here termed indigestion. Frequent attacks of indigestion may occur in the course of a case of dyspepsia. <i>Functional dyspepsia</i>includes all cases which are not due to some organic lesion of the stomach. Many cases of gastritis in children are sequelæ of indigestion and must be carefully differentiated from functional dyspepsia. But cases resulting from undeveloped stomachs properly belong in this class. From these limitations and explanations it may be seen that we include under
Laparoscopic Versus Open Adrenalectomy for Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Surgical and Oncologic Outcome in 152 Patients
Authors: David Brix, Bruno Allolio, Wiebke Fenske, Ayman Agha, Henning Dralle, Christian Jurowich, Peter Langer, Thomas Mussack, Christoph Nies, Hubertus Riedmiller, Martin Spahn, Dirk Weismann, Stefanie Hahner, Martin Fassnacht
Journal: European Urology (2010)