tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving Office-based Physicians' Prevention Practices for Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: David L. Rabin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To determine whether office-based interventions increase primary care physicians' risk assessment of and counseling practices for patients regarding sexually transmitted diseases and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Statistical Area. Study Participants: Office-based primary care physicians (family or general practice, internal medicine, and obstetrics-gynecology). Intervention: Mailed educational materials alone or coupled with a simulated patient instructor office visit. Measurements: Self-reported and observed frequency of assessing and counseling patients regarding their risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection. Participants were interviewed by telephone before and after the intervention (n = 757). A subset of participants (n = 194) was also observed after the intervention by simulated patient evaluators in blinded office visits. Results: 89% of physicians who received both educational materials and a simulated patient instructor visit reported that they reviewed the educational materials compared with 53% of those who only received the educational materials (P≤ 0.001). Physicians in the combined intervention group had higher self-reported and observed rates for several risk assessment questions and counseling recommendations than did physicians in the control group or the group that only received educational materials. Seventy-three percent of physicians of the combined intervention group reported an increase in counseling patients about reducing risky sexual behavior compared with 53% of the group receiving only educational materials and 42% of the control group (P≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Mailed educational materials combined with an office visit by a simulated patient instructor for role-play and feedback on clinical performance increased the frequency of office-based physicians' risk assessment and risk reduction counseling of patients for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection.
Erythrocyte plasma membrane–bound ERK1/2 activation promotes ICAM-4–mediated sickle red cell adhesion to endothelium
Authors: Rahima Zennadi, Erin J. Whalen, Erik J. Soderblom, Susan C. Alexander, J. Will Thompson, Laura G. Dubois, M. Arthur Moseley, Marilyn J. Telen
Journal: Blood (2011)
Behavioral Stress Reactivity Related to Arthritis Susceptibility?
Authors: Frederick K. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Appraisal of Maternity Care in Iowa
Authors: William C. Keettel
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The individuals and institutions involved in the delivery of maternity care in Iowa can be justly proud of the past record. This has been achieved not only because of careful and thoughtful planning but because our population characteristics are extremely favorable which results in a small percentage of underprivileged. It would appear that our favorable position is changing, and unless progressive steps are taken in the next few years, serious problems will develop resulting in inferior maternity care. This study was designed to obtain current information concerning all aspects of maternity care. It is hoped from this information, one can ascertain the current problems and project more accurately future problems and how they may be solved. <h3>Material</h3> The calendar year of 1966 was selected because of the availability of the birth certificates. From this source I obtained information concerning the number of deliveries performed by each physician. During this period
Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity in Diabetes Mellitus.
Authors: T. J. Skillman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity in Diabetes Mellitus.T. J. Skillman, M.D., E. W. Johnson, M.D., G. J. Hamwi, M.D., F.A.C.P., H. J. Driskill, M.D.T. J. Skillman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, E. W. Johnson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, G. J. Hamwi, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, H. J. Driskill, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1047_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDisturbances in neurologic function occur in from 25 to 90% of diabetic patients. Although neurologic deficits are largely considered to be afferent, motor nerve involvement occurs frequently. Function of the motor unit may be measured in a precise quantitative manner with modern instruments: The method consists of percutaneous stimulation of the ulnar and peroneal nerves at two points along their course. Electrical potential from the induced contraction is then picked up over the abductor digiti quinti and extensor digitorum brevis. Latency of response is photographed from an oscilloscope. Nerve length between stimulation points is measured on the skin. Conduction velocity... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Columbus, O. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1047-1047KeywordsDiabetes mellitusNerves ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4388: Combination therapy with anti-CTLA-4 plus leuprolide acetate in the pre-surgical setting of patients with regional, high-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Jianjun Gao, Jingjing Sun, John F. Ward, Priya Rao, Patricia Troncoso, John C. Araujo, Derek N. Tang, Hong Chen, Peter Thall, Sijin Wen, Padmanee Sharma
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Anti-CTLA-4 is a monoclonal antibody (Ipilimumab or Yervoy, Bristol-Myers Squibb) that was recently FDA-approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. Since anti-CTLA-4 targets a T cell specific molecule, as opposed to a tumor-specific molecule, it is being tested for therapeutic efficacy in multiple malignancies, including prostate cancer. In addition, since anti-CTLA-4 enhances anti-tumor T cell responses by blocking an inhibitory signal on activated T cells, it has been postulated that traditional therapies that lead to tumor cell death, thereby releasing tumor antigens to prime and potentially activate T cell responses, can be used in combination with CTLA-4 blockade to sustain activated T cell responses and enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Pre-clinical mouse models have shown this to be true. To determine the impact of combination therapy on human immune responses, we designed a pre-surgical clinical trial with a hormonal agent consisting of leuprolide acetate, a standard agent that has therapeutic efficacy against prostate cancer, plus anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab), in the setting of patients with regional, high-risk prostate cancer. As of October 2011, we have treated 4 out of a planned 20 patients on trial. Patients receive one injection of leuprolide acetate (Lupron, Tap Pharmaceuticals) at a dose of 22.5 mg on week 0 and ipilimumab at 10 mg/kg/dose on weeks 1 and 4. Patients then undergo surgery at week 8. Tumor tissues are collected prior to any therapy and then at the time of surgery. Blood is collected throughout the study prior to each therapeutic intervention and after surgery. Immunologic analyses are ongoing on all collected patients’ samples. These data will be compared to those obtained from previously completed trials consisting of a trial whereby patients were treated with ipilimumab monotherapy and a trial whereby patients were treated with hormonal therapy prior to surgery. Our preliminary data indicate that combination therapy impacts T cell responses including a measurable increase in the frequency of T cells expressing the inducible costimulator (ICOS) molecule. In addition, four patients have completed the trial, including surgery, without any serious adverse events related to the combination therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4388. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4388
Influences of the colonic microbiome on the mucous gel layer in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Gráinne Lennon, Áine Balfe, Helen Earley, Liam A Devane, Aonghus Lavelle, Desmond C Winter, J Calvin Coffey, P Ronan O'Connell
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

The colonic mucus gel layer (MGL) is a critical component of the innate immune system acting as a physical barrier to microbes, luminal insults, and toxins. Mucins are the major component of the MGL. Selected microbes have the potential to interact with, bind to, and metabolize mucins. The tolerance of the host to the presence of these microbes is critical to maintaining MGL homeostasis. In disease states such as ulcerative colitis (UC), both the mucosa associated microbes and the constituent MGL mucins have been shown to be altered. Evidence is accumulating that implicates the potential for mucin degrading bacteria to negatively impact the MGL and its stasis. These effects appear more pronounced in UC. This review is focused on the host-microbiome interactions within the setting of the MGL. Special focus is given to the mucolytic potential of microbes and their interactions in the setting of the colitic colon.
Magnetic Resonance Scanning in the Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: David M. Parenti, Patience White, Julie A. Matsumoto
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1989Magnetic Resonance Scanning in the Sjögren SyndromeDavid M. Parenti, MD, Patience White, MD, Julie A. Matsumoto, MDDavid M. Parenti, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Patience White, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Julie A. Matsumoto, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-5-408_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Alexander and colleagues (1) recently described cerebral lesions visualized by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with the Sjögren syndrome. We caution against assuming that all MR abnormalities in cerebral white matter are due to an underlying collagen vascular disease. We report a case of the Sjögren syndrome and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an 18-year-old patient who had white matter lesions on an MR scan. These lesions were similar in appearance to some of those described by Alexander and colleagues.A computed tomographic (CT) scan done without use of an intravenous contrast agent showed generalized atrophy and...References1. AlexanderBeallGordon ESB. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral lesions in patients with the Sjögren syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:815-23. LinkGoogle Scholar2. NewtonAldridgeLessells PRA. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1986;29:337-43. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KruggLiptonSwerdlow LRM. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: clinical and radiographic features. Ann Neurol. 1985;17:344-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GuilleuxSteinerYoung MRI. MR imaging in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. AJNR. 1986;7:1033-5. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. LevyCottinghamCampbell JKR. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol. 1986;19:399-401. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David M. Parenti, MD; Patience White, MD; Julie A. Matsumoto, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1989Volume 110, Issue 5Page: 408-409KeywordsAtrophyComputed axial tomographyInterstitial lung diseasesLesionsMagnetic resonance imagingProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
A proposed mechanism for cardiac sensitisation: electrophysiological study of effects of difluorodichloromethane and adrenaline on different types of cardiac preparations isolated from sheep hearts
Authors: Y. LESSARD, G. PAULET
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Difluorodichloromethane (FC 12) inhaled at high concentrations sensitises, as do numerous other volatile organic compounds, mammalian heart to adrenaline induced arrhythmias. In this study three types of cardiac tissue (spontaneously beating sinusal and Purkinje preparations and stimulated Purkinje fibres) were isolated from sheep hearts and perfused for electrophysiological recording to examine the effect of FC 12. Preparations were perfused alternately with a control solution of physiological fluid and a trial solution with dissolved FC 12, the partial pressure of oxygen remaining identical. Sensitisation to adrenaline was studied by injecting adrenaline at a dose causing a notable effect without producing arrhythmias in the control preparation. Examination of transmembrane potential recordings confirmed that FC 12 inhibits sinus node pacemaker stimulation by adrenaline. Conversely, the adrenaline induced acceleration of latent pacemakers in certain types of Purkinje fibres appeared to be potentialised by FC 12. The various types of arrhythmia observed in vitro were explained by the effect of FC 12 on cell membranes, an effect which can oppose or favour that of adrenaline. These phenomena explain the arrhythmias observed in isolated hearts or whole animal preparations and permit a better understanding of the mechanism involved in cardiac sensitisation to adrenaline induced arrhythmia, a mechanism in which variability in time and location is the essential factor in the FC 12 effect.
Using Lymphocyte and Plasma Hsp70 as Biomarkers for Assessing Coke Oven Exposure among Steel Workers
Authors: Xiaobo Yang, Jinping Zheng, Yun Bai, Fengjie Tian, Jing Yuan, Jianya Sun, Huashan Liang, Liang Guo, Hao Tan, Weihong Chen, Robert M. Tanguay, Tangchun Wu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Hsp70, an early-response protein induced when organisms are confronted with simple or complicated environmental stresses, can act as either a cellular protector or a danger signal.The goal of this study was to evaluate levels of lymphocyte and/or plasma Hsp70 as biomarkers for assessing exposure response to complex coke oven emissions (COEs).We recruited 101 coke oven workers and determined levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), genotoxic damage by comet assay and micronuclei test, and other markers of damage, including plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). These were compared to levels of lymphocyte (intra-cellular) and plasma (extracellular) Hsp70 using Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively.We observed a COEs-related dose-dependent increase in levels of DNA damage, micronuclei rate, MDA concentration, and LDH activity. Lymphocyte Hsp70 levels increased in the intermediate-exposure group (1.39 +/- 0.88) but decreased in the high-exposure group (1.10 +/- 0.55), compared with the low-exposure group. In contrast, plasma Hsp70 levels progressively increased as the dose of exposure increased. Negative correlations were seen between lymphocyte Hsp70 levels and olive tail moment and LDH activity in the intermediate- and high-exposure groups. However, we observed positive correlations between plasma Hsp70 levels and LDH activity in the low and intermediate groups.In workers exposed to COEs, high lymphocyte Hsp70 levels may provide protection and high plasma Hsp70 levels may serve as a danger marker. Larger validation studies are needed to establish the utility of Hsp70 as a response marker.
Cationic liposomes target angiogenic endothelial cells in tumors and chronic inflammation in mice.
Authors: G Thurston, J W McLean, M Rizen, P Baluk, A Haskell, T J Murphy, D Hanahan, D M McDonald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

This study sought to determine whether angiogenic blood vessels in disease models preferentially bind and internalize cationic liposomes injected intravenously. Angiogenesis was examined in pancreatic islet cell tumors of RIP-Tag2 transgenic mice and chronic airway inflammation in Mycoplasma pulmonis-infected C3H/HeNCr mice. For comparison, physiological angiogenesis was examined in normal mouse ovaries. We found that endothelial cells in all models avidly bound and internalized fluorescently labeled cationic liposomes (1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane [DOTAP]/cholesterol or dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium bromide [DDAB]/cholesterol) or liposome-DNA complexes. Confocal microscopic measurements showed that angiogenic endothelial cells averaged 15-33-fold more uptake than corresponding normal endothelial cells. Cationic liposome-DNA complexes were also avidly taken up, but anionic, neutral, or sterically stabilized neutral liposomes were not. Electron microscopic analysis showed that 32% of gold-labeled liposomes associated with tumor endothelial cells were adherent to the luminal surface, 53% were internalized into endosomes and multivesicular bodies, and 15% were extravascular 20 min after injection. Our findings indicate that angiogenic endothelial cells in these models avidly bind and internalize cationic liposomes and liposome-DNA complexes but not other types of liposomes. This preferential uptake raises the possibility of using cationic liposomes to target diagnostic or therapeutic agents selectively to angiogenic blood vessels in tumors and sites of chronic inflammation.
Carcinoid of the Duodenum
Authors: George J. Laird
Journal: JAMA (1960)

In 1957, Horsley and Golden1reported two cases of  of the duodenum. In their review of the literature they found 17 prior authenticated cases. This report supplies two additional cases seen in my practice between 1957 and 1960.  In 1888, Lubarsch, a German physician, described a peculiar gastrointestinal tract tumor which appeared like a carcinoma but behaved in a benign fashion. He called it little carcinoma. In 1907, Oberndorfer2coined the term carcinoid because he, too, did not suppose it was malignant.  Carcinoid tumors of the appendix are usually benign; only 23 cases showing malignant changes have been reported. Several reports have indicated that 18.3 to 52.0% of carcinoids of the small intestine have metastatic spread.3-7Wyatt8showed that 22.5% of all recorded carcinomas of the small intestine are malignant. According to Ashworth and Wallace,925% of carcinoids in unusual locations, such as the
Variation in Anastrozole Metabolism and Pharmacodynamics in Women with Early Breast Cancer
Authors: James N. Ingle, Aman U. Buzdar, Daniel J. Schaid, Matthew P. Goetz, Anthony Batzler, Mark E. Robson, Donald W. Northfelt, Janet E. Olson, Edith A. Perez, Zeruesenay Desta, Randy A. Weintraub, Clark V. Williard, David A. Flockhart, Richard M. Weinshilboum
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Aromatase inhibitors play a prominent role in the management of postmenopausal women with endocrine-sensitive breast cancer, but there is large variability in both efficacy and tolerability. The purpose of our study was to define interindividual variation in anastrozole metabolism and pharmacodynamics among patients treated with the approved daily dose of 1 mg in a standard practice setting as adjuvant therapy for resected early breast cancer. This study was performed in 191 women in whom pretreatment and during anastrozole plasma concentrations of estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estrone conjugates, androstenedione, and testosterone were determined and correlated with plasma concentrations of anastrozole and anastrozole metabolites. There were large interindividual variations in plasma anastrozole and anastrozole metabolite concentrations, as well as pretreatment and postdrug plasma E1, E2, and E1 conjugate and estrogen precursor (androstenedione and testosterone) concentrations. E1 and E2 concentrations were below the lower limit of quantitation (LLQ) in most patients after anastrozole therapy (83% for both), but those with detectable concentrations had a broad range (1.58-45.2 and 0.635-97.0 pg/mL, respectively). E1 conjugates after anastrozole therapy were above the LLQ in most patients (93%), with wide interpatient variability (3.50-2,990 pg/mL). Two patients seemed to extensively metabolize anastrozole and failed to display substantial decreases in estrogens. Acknowledging the potential factor of variable compliance, our results showed large interindividual variation in anastrozole metabolism and its effect on circulating estrogens in postmenopausal patients. These findings may have implications with regard to efficacy and adverse events and may indicate the need to "individualize" therapy with this drug.
Lentiviral-Mediated Delivery of Bcl-2 or GDNF Protects against Excitotoxicity in the Rat Hippocampus
Authors: Liang-Fong Wong, G. Scott Ralph, Lucy E. Walmsley, Alison S. Bienemann, Stephen Parham, Susan M. Kingsman, James B. Uney, Nicholas D. Mazarakis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Nutrient deprivation during ischemia leads to severe insult to neurons causing widespread excitotoxic damage in specific brain regions such as the hippocampus. One possible strategy for preventing neurodegeneration is to express therapeutic proteins in the brain to protect against excitotoxicity. We investigated the utility of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV)-based vectors as genetic tools for delivery of therapeutic proteins in an in vivo excitotoxicity model. The efficacy of these vectors at preventing cellular loss in target brain areas following excitotoxic insult was also assessed. EIAV vectors generated to overexpress the human antiapoptotic Bcl-2 or growth factor glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) genes protected against glutamate-induced toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. In an in vivo excitotoxicity model, adult Wistar rats received a unilateral dose of the glutamate receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate to the hippocampus that induced a large lesion in the CA1 region. Neuronal loss could not be protected by prior transduction of a control vector expressing beta-galactosidase. In contrast, EIAV-mediated expression of Bcl-2 and GDNF significantly reduced lesion size thus protecting the hippocampus from excitotoxic damage. These results demonstrate that EIAV vectors can be effectively used to deliver putative neuroprotective genes to target brain areas and prevent cellular loss in the event of a neurological insult. Therefore these lentiviral vectors provide potential therapeutic tools for use in cases of acute neurotrauma such as cerebral ischemia.