tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1-13-07: Standardized Immunocytological and Molecular Analysis of Tumor Cells and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Bone Marrow of Patients with Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: M Sonnauer, S Kaul, N Fersis
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Using criteria for classification of disseminated tumor cells in compliance with the publication of Fehm et al. (Cancer, Vol.107, 2006) we have reported a cytological DTC-positivity rate of 1.9% (39/2050) in patients with primary breast cancer (T1-4, N0/N+, M0/M1). However automated picture analysis revealed cytokeratin positive stroma cell types in DTC negative samples. Here we describe the cytological and molecular characterization of these mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) types. Material and Methods: Mononuclear cells were enriched by Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation. Cytospin slides (mean 6) with 1x106 BM-cells were stained by CK antibodies 5D3 and A45-B/B3 using automated immunostainers with the APAAP-and the enhanced SA-FastRed-method. Slides were analysed by automated picture analysis with the ACIS I and ACIS II systems (ChromaVision). Plastic adherent cells (1x106) from culture passage one from 71 breast cancer patients were analysed for expression of CK19, MUC1 and EpCAM by FACS analysis. Trypsinized cells (n=100) were lysed and used for mRNA isolation and c-DNA synthesis (Qiagen®). A real-time quantitative RT-PCR approach (MESA FAST SYBR Assay, Eurogentec®) and primers selected from the UniversalProbeLibrary system (Roche AG®) was used for the determination of the markers EpCAM, survivin, CD144, CD146, CD 105, and CD271. Results: Small cells characterized by an excentrically located small and clear nucleus were detected in 56% (486/866) of the bone marrow samples in a mean frequency of 1-2 cells per slide. However a subgroup of patients is characterized by elevated MSC levels. More than 5 MSC cells per 106 BM cells were detected in 19,7% (96/486) samples of the DTC negative group with elevated MSC levels in 5,2% NO, 6% N+ and 9% T3/T4 tumors. By molecular expression analysis of 71 bone marrow samples 8 probes (11%) were CK19 positive. Corresponding MSC cultures had significantly elevated expression levels of the markers vimentin, survivin, CD144, CD105, CD146 and CD271. Discussion: We have identified CK positive bone marrow stroma cells in 56% of patients with primary breast cancer. Immunobead RT-PCR based on 107 BM cells can be used to eliminate this background and to increase DTC-sensitivity from 2 to 11%. Frequency and expression profile of MSC in these probes may give valuable additional information to understand in the complex interrelation of tumor cells with tumor-associated mesenchymal stromal cells, erythroblasts and endothelial cells in the process of metastasis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-13-07.
Metabolic Diseases in Pediatric Practice
Authors: Stephen LaFranchi
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Dr Ampola has written a concise text on pediatric metabolic disorders that should prove attractive to medical students, residents, and the practicing physician caring for children. The text, while not comprehensive, covers such areas as amino acid, organic acid, and purine-pyrimidine disorders, the hyperammonemias, carbohydrate and lipid disorders, lysosomal storage diseases, and defects in electrolyte, mineral, and water metabolism. The first of two excellent summary tables, 65 pages in length, allows the reader to scan each disorder, its incidence, the basic defect and inheritance, clinical features, blood and urine abnormalities, and therapy. The second, in the appendix, categorizes the major clinical presentation of the more common neonatal metabolic diseases. The body of the text itself presents well-organized, up-to-date information on the basic defect, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of each disorder, including whether or not prenatal diagnosis is feasible. Biochemical pathways are diagramed in a simple, straightforward way with only
Selective insufficiency of IFN‐γ secretion in patients with hyper‐IgE syndrome
Authors: R. Ito, M. Mori, S. Katakura, N. Kobayashi, T. Naruto, Y. Osamura, Y. Aihara, S. Yokota
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Hyper‐immunoglobulin E (IgE) syndrome is a complex immune deficiency characterized by chronic eczematous dermatitis, recurrent staphylococcal infections, pneumatoceles, reduced neutrophil chemotaxis, and variably impaired T cell function. Although decreased interferon‐ γ (IFN‐ γ ) production in patients with hyper‐IgE syndrome is pointed out and known as a cause of reduced neutrophil chemotaxis, precise mechanism of their inadequate production of IFN‐ γ remains unknown. To elucidate the pathogenesis of the defective production of IFN‐ γ in patients with hyper‐IgE syndrome, we assessed the in vitro production and secretion of IFN‐ γ by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with hyper‐IgE syndrome. Methods: Chemotaxis of neutrophils, mRNA levels of several cytokines, intracellular production and extracellular secretion of IFN‐ γ , interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), and IL‐4 by PBMCs from three patients with hyper‐IgE syndrome were determined. Results: The transcription of IFN‐ γ mRNA and the production of its protein molecules progressed normally. However, selective insufficiency in the secretion of IFN‐ γ molecules was found in patients with hyper‐IgE syndrome.Confocal laser scanning microscopy clearly demonstrated the accumulation of IFN‐ γ in patients with hyper‐IgE syndrome. Conclusion: We demonstrated that there was a selective insufficiency in the secretion of IFN‐ γ in patients with hyper‐IgE syndrome. We hope that this fact would offer a new paradigm for understanding this disease.
INHIBITION OF TRANSPLANTABLE MOUSE TUMOR GROWTH BY TISSUE EXTRACTS AND THEIR PROTEIN FRACTIONS
Authors: D. A. MacFadyen, Ernest Sturm, James B. Murphy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

1. Mammary tissue of pregnant rabbits is found to contain an agent which inhibits the growth of Bashford Adenocarcinoma 63 in mice but this material is without effect on the Crocker Sarcoma 180. 2. Of the tissues so far studied the mammary gland of rabbits has yielded the most active product. 3. From the results it is probable that pregnancy enhances the production of the agent but this cannot be considered as established beyond doubt. 4. The factor is found, with diminished activity, only in the protein fraction obtained from the aqueous extract by full saturation with ammonium sulfate.
Fecaliths in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Agnes K Liman, Blazej Zbytek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 74-year-old man presented with a 5-day history of diffuse abdominal pain, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Radiography of the abdomen revealed a dilated small intestine that was consistent with intestinal obstruction. An exploratory laparotomy was performed.
Dendritic Cells Loaded With mRNA Encoding Full-length Tumor Antigens Prime CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Melanoma Patients
Authors: An MT Van Nuffel, Daphné Benteyn, Sofie Wilgenhof, Lauranne Pierret, Jurgen Corthals, Carlo Heirman, Pierre van der Bruggen, Pierre G Coulie, Bart Neyns, Kris Thielemans, Aude Bonehill
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

It is generally thought that dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with full-length tumor antigen could improve immunotherapy by stimulating broad T-cell responses and by allowing treatment irrespective of the patient's human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type. To investigate this, we determined the specificity of T cells from melanoma patients treated with DCs loaded with mRNA encoding a full-length tumor antigen fused to a signal peptide and an HLA class II sorting signal, allowing presentation in HLA class I and II. In delayed-type hypersensitive (DTH)-biopsies and blood, we found functional CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells recognizing novel treatment-antigen-derived epitopes, presented by several HLA types. Additionally, we identified a CD8(+) response specific for the signal peptide incorporated to elicit presentation by HLA class II and a CD4(+) response specific for the fusion region of the signal peptide and one of the antigens. This demonstrates that the fusion proteins contain newly created immunogenic sequences and provides evidence that ex vivo-generated mRNA-modified DCs can induce effector CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells from the naive T-cell repertoire of melanoma patients. Thus, this work provides definitive proof that DCs presenting the full antigenic spectrum of tumor antigens can induce T cells specific for novel epitopes and can be administered to patients irrespective of their HLA type.
Teaching Hospitals — A Crisis in Confidence — A Neurotic's Fate
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IN the structure of the National Health Service, each teaching hospital is administered by a board of governors directly responsible to the Ministry of Health. In the nonteaching hospitals local committees of management are responsible to regional hospital boards, which in their turn are responsible to the Ministry of Health. Because of this much more direct access to the Ministry and because the medical staff is usually well represented on the teaching-hospital boards their hospitals have retained a far greater degree of freedom than the nonteaching hospitals.This is doubtless proper so long as the function of the teaching hospital . . .
A compact, in vivo screen of all 6-mers reveals drivers of tissue-specific expression and guides synthetic regulatory element design
Authors: Robin P Smith, Samantha J Riesenfeld, Alisha K Holloway, Qiang Li, Karl K Murphy, Natalie M Feliciano, Lorenzo Orecchia, Nir Oksenberg, Katherine S Pollard, Nadav Ahituv
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

Large-scale annotation efforts have improved our ability to coarsely predict regulatory elements throughout vertebrate genomes. However, it is unclear how complex spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression driven by these elements emerge from the activity of short, transcription factor binding sequences. We describe a comprehensive promoter extension assay in which the regulatory potential of all 6 base-pair (bp) sequences was tested in the context of a minimal promoter. To enable this large-scale screen, we developed algorithms that use a reverse-complement aware decomposition of the de Bruijn graph to design a library of DNA oligomers incorporating every 6-bp sequence exactly once. Our library multiplexes all 4,096 unique 6-mers into 184 double-stranded 15-bp oligomers, which is sufficiently compact for in vivo testing. We injected each multiplexed construct into zebrafish embryos and scored GFP expression in 15 tissues at two developmental time points. Twenty-seven constructs produced consistent expression patterns, with the majority doing so in only one tissue. Functional sequences are enriched near biologically relevant genes, match motifs for developmental transcription factors, and are required for enhancer activity. By concatenating tissue-specific functional sequences, we generated completely synthetic enhancers for the notochord, epidermis, spinal cord, forebrain and otic lateral line, and show that short regulatory sequences do not always function modularly. This work introduces a unique in vivo catalog of short, functional regulatory sequences and demonstrates several important principles of regulatory element organization. Furthermore, we provide resources for designing compact, reverse-complement aware k-mer libraries.
Shaping a Positive Future for Academic Medicine at Michigan
Authors: Gilbert S. Omenn, Allen S. Lichter, Larry Warren, Lee C. Bollinger
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Are spinal injuries more common in rugby union than in rugby league football?
Authors: M K Patel, A A Burt, J A Bradbury
Journal: BMJ (1984)

There is increasing evidence that activation of the complement system in asthma contributes to ongoing inflammation, tissue damage and airway remodeling. Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern recognition molecule that serves as the key mediator of the lectin pathway of complement activation. MBL levels are genetically determined and vary widely amongst individuals. In the present study we hypothesized that high MBL levels in asthma are associated with increased loss of lung function over time, as a consequence of inflammatory tissue damage. We measured serum MBL levels by ELISA in 68 patients with severe asthma and prospectively determined the change in post-bronchodilator (pb) FEV1 over a mean period of 5.7 years. The relationship between MBL and change in pbFEV1 (ΔFEV1) was analysed using (multiple) regression analysis and corrected for possible confounders (age, sex, age of onset, asthma duration, and pbFEV1). The median (range) MBL level was 332 (10.8-3587) ng·ml<sup>−1</sup>. MBL was significantly associated with ΔFEV1 (p&lt;0.04). Patients with a high MBL level (≥332 ng·ml<sup>−1</sup>) had an increased risk of lung function decline compared to those with low MBL levels (OR (CI): 3.16 (1.14-8.79), p = 0.027); the excess decline being 42 ml·yr<sup>−1</sup> (p = 0.01). We conclude that a high MBL level is associated with an increased decline in lung function in patients with severe asthma. MBL might provide a clue towards better understanding of the pathophysiology of ongoing inflammation and subsequent decline in lung function of patients with severe asthma.
Executive Function and Cognitive Subprocesses in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Schizophrenia: An Analysis of N-Back Performance
Authors: Stephan Krieger, Stefanie Lis, Turan Cetin, Bernd Gallhofer, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated changes in the cognitive architecture of N-back performance in schizophrenia. METHOD: N-back performance of 12 patients with first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenia and matched healthy comparison subjects was studied in a reaction-time decomposition paradigm. RESULTS: Imposition of a working memory load led to a significant drop in response accuracy in patients. Reaction-time decomposition suggested slowing of visuomotor and choice reaction processing as well as an inability of parallel processing directed by working memory. DISCUSSION: Although N-back tasks validly access working memory function as a neurocognitive trait in the illness, several additional subprocesses and the ability for cognitive parallel processing are altered and require further study in schizophrenia.
CESAREAN SECTION PERFORMED BY A COW.
Authors: W. B. MORSE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

[We recently received a newspaper clipping giving an account of a pregnant woman being gored by a cow, the abdominal walls and the uterus being lacerated so that the child was born. We wrote to Dr. Morse about the matter and he states that the newspaper account was correct. His report follows.—Ed.] Mrs. W. E., aged 31, pregnant at full term with her third child, was standing in the road about 60 feet from the house, watching her husband unload hay from a wagon. A vicious two-year-old heifer charged her and inserted a very sharp horn into the abdomen near the anterior superior spinous process of the ilium. It penetrated the abdominal wall, uterus and membranes, but escaped the child. The point of the horn then emerged again just to one side and below the umbilicus. The result was two transverse rents, the upper one about 5 inches long
Branching Gas Shadows in the Liver
Authors: Stuart B. Paster
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>History</h3> A 57-year-old white woman was seen in the emergency room with a history of generalized abdominal pain and with distention of four days' duration. She suffered from obstipation, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. There was no history of abdominal surgery, and she was not currently receiving medication. The patient was alert and in severe distress. The abdomen was grossly distended, with involuntary guarding and generalized rebound tenderness. No bowel sounds were heard. Laboratory findings were normal. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Infarction of the small bowel with portal venous gas. The supine roentgenogram of the abdomen shows a rather pronounced gaseous distention of multiple small bowel loops (Fig 1). No intramural gas could be demonstrated in the bowel. In the right upper quadrant, there are multiple branching radiolucencies consistent with gas in the portal venous system (Fig 2). On the erect film of the chest and erect view of the abdomen (not shown), multiple
Silk sutures in the common bile duct.
Authors: M H Gough
Journal: BMJ (1977)

continuing and expanding research on the treatment of this condition, which is at present responsible for considerable personal distress and social disruption.In view of the large numbers of women between the menarche and the menopause who suffer from PMS any significant reduction in its overall incidence will be welcome and we hope that family doctors will be encouraged to treat PMS by these new approaches.Further help and support from specialised clinics in teaching hospitals and other centres will be required for some time yet, but we hope soon to publish further observations on the clinical presenta- tion of PMS which will minimise this need.
Telomerase activity of HIV-1–specific CD8+ T cells: constitutive up-regulation in controllers and selective increase by blockade of PD ligand 1 in progressors
Authors: Mathias Lichterfeld, Danlei Mou, Thai Duong Hong Cung, Katie L. Williams, Michael T. Waring, Jinghe Huang, Florencia Pereyra, Alicja Trocha, Gordon J. Freeman, Eric S. Rosenberg, Bruce D. Walker, Xu G. Yu
Journal: Blood (2008)
Measuring Granulocyte and Monocyte Accumulation at Malignant Lymphoma Sites
Authors: Malik E. Juweid, George J. Weiner, Brian K. Link, Sandra J. Horning, Gregory A. Wiseman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

We were encouraged by the single-center study reported by Cartron et al 1 showing that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances the efficacy of rituximab, with an increased complete response (CR) rate compared with rituximab monotherapy.As expected, the authors showed that GM-CSF significantly increased WBC, neutrophil, and monocyte counts.However, no significant differences in the mean pre-or post-therapy counts of these cells were found between CR and non-CR patients.Moreover, the ratios of these cell counts after versus before treatment were not significantly different between CR and non-CR patients.
Prevalence of asthma in a large group of Israeli adolescents: influence of country of birth and age at migration
Authors: D. Pereg, A. Tirosh, M. Lishner, A. Goldberg, T. Shochat, R. Confino‐Cohen
Journal: Allergy (2008)

The occurrence of asthma has geographic variations and is lower in developing compared with industrialized countries. Both environmental and genetic factors may influence its prevalence. We aimed to evaluate the importance and effect of immigration (country of birth and age at immigration to Israel) on the prevalence of asthma in a large group of Israeli adolescents.Computerized medical records of 17-year-old adolescents, who underwent routine examination before military recruitment, were studied. The sample comprised both native-born Israelis (NBI) and immigrants from Ethiopia, the Former Soviet Union (FSU), and Western countries (WC). Asthma was defined as clinical symptoms and signs compatible with the disease accompanied by abnormal spirometry or documented chronic use of inhaled steroids.Our cohort consisted of 1 466 654 adolescents, including 1 317 556 (89.8%) NBI and 149 098 (10.2%) immigrants. The prevalence of asthma at age 17 was higher in NBI compared with Ethiopian immigrants [4.7% (61 921) vs 2.6% (418), respectively, P < 0.0005], lower compared with immigrants from WC [5.6% (2177), P < 0.0005], and similar to immigrants from the FSU. Further analysis of the association between age at immigration and the risk for developing asthma showed that the younger immigrants from the FSU and Ethiopia arrived to Israel, the higher their prevalence of asthma at the age of 17 was.Both environmental and genetic factors seem to influence the prevalence of asthma in 17-year-old adolescents. However, the higher risk for developing asthma associated with young age of immigration points toward an environmental predominance.
COMPARISON OF SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC REGIONAL LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION RECOVERY AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION EVALUATED BY TWO-DIMENSIONAL SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Katarzyna Wdowiak-Okrojek, Ahmed Shim, Paulina Wejner-Mik, Ewa Szymczyk, Błażej Michalski, Jaroslaw Kasprzak, Piotr Lipiec
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)