tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Embolic potential of left ventricular thrombi detected by two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: J M Haugland, R W Asinger, F L Mikell, J Elsperger, M Hodges
Journal: Circulation (1984)

We sought to determine whether an association existed between the echocardiographic appearance of left ventricular thrombi and systemic embolization. We reviewed the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of 60 patients who underwent diagnostic two-dimensional echocardiography for left ventricular thrombi. Sixteen of these 60 patients (27%) had evidence of systemic embolization. Multiple echocardiographic characteristics of left ventricular thrombi were analyzed, including mobility, shape, heterogeneity, echo density, layering, central echo lucency, presence within an aneurysm, and association with low-density swirling echoes. Incidence of embolization was significantly higher in patients with thrombi that were mobile or protruded into the left ventricular cavity (p less than .002 and p less than .05, respectively). Bayesian analysis indicated that the pretest likelihood for embolization was 27% and increased in the presence of mobility, central echo lucency, and protrusion to 60%, 50%, and 40%, respectively. A stepwise regression indicated that mobility was the first and protrusion the second most helpful echocardiographic characteristic in identifying patients with embolic phenomena. Clinical features were of less help in identifying the risk for embolization of patients with left ventricular thrombi. Nine of 31 patients (29%) with recent myocardial infarction (less than 3 weeks) has emboli in contrast to five of 26 patients (19%) with remote myocardial infarction (greater than 3 weeks) (p = NS). The three patients without infarction had congestive cardiomyopathy and two had emboli.
Re-emergence of bullous impetigo.
Authors: T J Lissauer, P J Sanderson, H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Cases of nefopami overdose follow-ed uip by National Poisons Information Service or reported to manufacturer.Allpatients were discharged within 24 hours or remained longer inl hospitalforpsychiatric or social reasons No of 30 mg Case Age Sex nefopaam tablets Other drugs taken Clinical features Treatment No (years) taken
Immunization With Homologous Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Reduces Neointimal Formation After Balloon Injury in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits
Authors: Jan Nilsson, Federico Calara, Jan Regnstrom, Anna Hultgardh-Nilsson, Sean Ameli, Bojan Cercek, Prediman K Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Cell Cycle–Dependent and Schedule-Dependent Antitumor Effects of Sorafenib Combined with Radiation
Authors: John P. Plastaras, Seok-Hyun Kim, Yingqiu Y. Liu, David T. Dicker, Jay F. Dorsey, James McDonough, George Cerniglia, Ramji R. Rajendran, Anjali Gupta, Anil K. Rustgi, J. Alan Diehl, Charles D. Smith, Keith T. Flaherty, Wafik S. El-Deiry
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

The antineoplastic drug sorafenib (BAY 43-9006) is a multikinase inhibitor that targets the serine-threonine kinase B-Raf as well as several tyrosine kinases. Given the numerous molecular targets of sorafenib, there are several potential anticancer mechanisms of action, including induction of apoptosis, cytostasis, and antiangiogenesis. We observed that sorafenib has broad activity in viability assays in several human tumor cell lines but selectively induces apoptosis in only some lines. Sorafenib was found to decrease Mcl-1 levels in most cell lines tested, but this decrease did not correlate with apoptotic sensitivity. Sorafenib slows cell cycle progression and prevents irradiated cells from reaching and accumulating at G2-M. In synchronized cells, sorafenib causes a reversible G1 delay, which is associated with decreased levels of cyclin D1, Rb, and phosphorylation of Rb. Although sorafenib does not affect intrinsic radiosensitivity using in vitro colony formation assays, it significantly reduces colony size. In HCT116 xenograft tumor growth delay experiments in mice, sorafenib alters radiation response in a schedule-dependent manner. Radiation treatment followed sequentially by sorafenib was found to be associated with the greatest tumor growth delay. This study establishes a foundation for clinical testing of sequential fractionated radiation followed by sorafenib in gastrointestinal and other malignancies.
Trends in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications, 1980–1987
Authors: Scott F Wetterhall, David R Olson, Frank DeStefano, John M Stevenson, Earl S Ford, Robert R German, Julie C Will, Jeffrey M Newman, Stephen J Sepe, Frank Vinicor
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Although diabetes is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the United States, only recently has a unified national surveillance system begun to monitor trends in diabetes and diabetic complications.We established a diabetes surveillance system using data for 1980-1987 from vital records, the National Health Interview Survey, the National Hospital Discharge Survey, and the Health Care Financing Administration's records to examine trends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes, diabetes mortality, hospitalizations, and diabetic complications.From 1980 through 1987, the number of individuals known to have diabetes increased by 1 million--to 6.82 million. Age-standardized prevalence for diabetes increased 9% during this period, from 25.4 to 27.6/1000 U.S. residents (P = 0.03). The incidence of diabetes increased among women (P = 0.003), particularly among those greater than 65 yr old (P = 0.02). Age-standardized mortality rates (for diabetes as either an underlying or contributing cause) per 100,000 individuals with diabetes declined 12%, from 2350 to 2066. Annual mortality rates from stroke (as an underlying cause and diabetes as a contributing cause) and diabetic ketoacidosis declined 29% (P = 0.003) and 22% (P less than 0.001), respectively. During these 8 yr, hospitalization rates for major CVD and stroke (as the primary diagnoses and diabetes as a secondary diagnosis) increased 34% (P = 0.006) and 38% (P = 0.01), respectively. Also during this period, hospitalization rates increased 21% for diabetic ketoacidosis (P = 0.01) and 29% for lower-extremity amputations (P = 0.06). From 1982 through 1986, treatment for end-stage renal disease related to diabetes increased greater than 10% each year (P less than 0.001). The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was nearly twice as high in blacks as in whites (P = 0.04). Blacks also had increased rates of lower-extremity amputation (P = 0.02), diabetic ketoacidosis (P less than 0.001), and end-stage renal disease (P = 0.01).Diabetes surveillance data will be useful in planning, targeting, and evaluating public health efforts designed to prevent and control diabetes and its complications.
Comparative Analysis of Structural Diversity and Sequence Evolution in Plant Mitochondrial Genes Transferred to the Nucleus
Authors: S.-L. Liu, Y. Zhuang, P. Zhang, K. L. Adams
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

The transfer of functional mitochondrial genes to the nucleus is an ongoing process during plant evolution that has made a major impact on cytonuclear interactions and mitochondrial genome evolution. Analysis of evolutionarily recent transfers in plants provides insights into the evolutionary dynamics of the process and how transferred genes become functional in the nucleus. Here, we report 42 new transferred genes in various angiosperms, including 9 separate transfers of the succinate dehydrogenase gene sdh3. We performed comparative analyses of gene structures and sequence evolution of 77 genes transferred to the nucleus in various angiosperms, including multiple transfers of 10 genes in different lineages. Many genes contain mitochondrial targeting presequences, and potentially 5′ cis-regulatory elements, that were acquired from pre-existing nuclear genes for mitochondrial proteins to create chimeric gene structures. In eight separate cases, the presequence was acquired from either the hsp70 chaperonin gene or the hsp22 chaperonin gene. The most common location of introns is in the presequence, and the least common is in the region transferred from the mitochondrion. Several genes have an intron between the presequence and the core region, or an intron in the 5′UTR (untranslated region) or 3′UTR, suggesting presequence and/or regulatory element acquisition by exon shuffling. Both synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates have increased considerably in the transferred genes compared with their mitochondrial counterparts, and the degree of rate acceleration varies by gene, species, and evolutionary timing of transfer. Pairwise and branchwise Ka/Ks analysis identified four genes with evidence for positive selection, but positive selection is generally uncommon in transferred genes. This study provides a detailed portrayal of structural and sequence evolution in mitochondrial genes transferred to the nucleus, revealing the frequency of different mechanisms for how presequences and introns are acquired and showing how the sequences of transferred genes evolve after movement between cellular genomes.
Physician-Patient Relations: No More Models
Authors: Greg Clarke, Robert T. Hall, Greg Rosencrance
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

Currently, the common theoretical models of "preferred" decision-making relationships do not correspond well with clinical experience. This interview study of congestive heart failure (CHF) patients documents the variety of patient preferences for decision-making, and the necessity for attention to family involvement. In addition, these findings illustrate the confusion as to the designation of surrogate decision-makers and physicians in charge. We conclude that no single model of physician-patient decision-making should be preferred, and that physicians should first ask patients how they want medical information and decision-making to be handled.
Abstract 3599: Aurora kinase inhibitors as a novel targeted drug therapy for bladder cancer
Authors: Ning Zhou, Kamini Singh, Alexandru Almasan, Donna Hansel
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Conventional chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer has limited efficacy and is generally associated with poor patient prognoses. This study aims to evaluate the potential of targeting the aurora kinases, a family of mitotic regulators, with pharmacologic inhibitors as a novel treatment for bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: RNA microarray and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were utilized to evaluate expression of genes associated with the mitotic spindle checkpoint, including aurora kinases A and B, in clinical tissue samples of urothelial carcinomas of the bladder and normal urothelium. Human urothelial carcinoma cell lines UM-UC-3 and T24 were treated with the nonspecific aurora kinase inhibitor ZM447439 and the aurora kinase A inhibitor MLN8237, either alone or in combination with gemcitabine or paclitaxel. Effects of drug treatments were evaluated by flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining, immunofluorescence microscopy, MTS proliferation assay, and TUNEL labeling. Results: RNA microarray analysis comparing human tissue specimens of urothelial carcinomas of the bladder (N=10) to normal urothelium (N=8) identified overexpression of 13 gene transcripts related to the mitotic spindle checkpoint, including aurora kinases A and B, in the cancer specimens. Upregulation of these genes was validated by RT-PCR on a separate set of clinical samples (N=4 for each group). Next, the impact of aurora kinase inhibitors on bladder cancer cell lines was assessed. ZM447439 and MLN8237 treatment of UM-UC-3 and T24 cell lines at concentrations of 10 nM to 1 uM induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and aneuploidy in a dose dependent manner. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed abnormal mitotic figures with multipolar spindle apparatuses in treated cells. Both cell lines also exhibited cell death by positive TUNEL staining 48 hours after treatment with either inhibitor. Simultaneous treatment of T24 cells with MLN8237 and paclitaxel and subsequent MTS proliferation assay revealed an antagonistic interaction between paclitaxel and MLN8237, whereas simultaneous treatment with MLN8237 and gemcitabine resulted in an additive effect. Conclusion: Several mitotic spindle checkpoint proteins, including the aurora kinases, are overexpressed in bladder cancer. Our data indicate that aurora kinase inhibitors have significant potential as a novel therapy for bladder cancer, as they induce abnormal mitosis, cell cycle arrest, and eventual death of bladder cancer cells in vitro. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3599. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3599
Proposed Addition to the Hippocratic Oath
Authors: L. Miller Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As the time for the graduation of medical students approaches it has occurred to me that an acceptable addition to the Hippocratic oath might be made which cannot fail to meet the approval of medical men. It is generally admitted that the hardest knocks which physicians have to bear come from other medical men; and while nothing libelous need be said, much can be conveyed. The whole ground has been so beautifully covered in such classic phrases that one can see that only good would result from reading the following lines to those about to have to deal with other physicians. The following relates particularly to all instances in which physicians are asked their opinions of their fellow practitioners: That you, at such times . . . never shall With arms encumber'd thus, or this head-shake, Or by pronouncing of some doubtful phrase,
Scientists Confront Joint HIV-TB Epidemics by Taking Fight to the Front Lines
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

THE EMERGENCE OF EXTENSIVELY drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDRTB) in patients at a rural hospital in theKwaZulu-NatalprovinceofSouth Africa gained international attention in 2005. By that point, physicians had becomeaccustomedtoencounteringcases of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). When first-line antibiotics failed, they knew they could turn to more toxic and lesseffectivesecond-linechoices.But the outbreakinKwaZulu-Natalledtothe“recognition that untreatable TB was out there,”explainedWilliamR.Bishai,MD, PhD, codirector of the Johns Hopkins Center for Tuberculosis Research in Baltimore. Ultimately, 52 of the 53 patients first identifiedashavingXDR-TBinKwaZuluNatal died, on average within 16 days of diagnosis(GandhiNRetal.Lancet.2006; 368[9547]:1575-1580). From January 2005toMarch2006, theresearcherswho documented these first cases examined sputum from a total of 1539 TB patients inKwaZulu-Natalandfoundthat39%of the patients had MDR-TB and 6% had XDR-TB. “It was a real wake-up call for South Africa and the world,” Bishai said. In addition to his work at Hopkins, Bishai is leading a new international research center, which opened last month in Durban, South Africa. The KwaZuluNatal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH) is the fruit of a cooperative effort between the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and the University of KwaZulu-Natal to bring world-class researchers and state-of-the-art facilities to the front lines of the fight against XDR-TB and HIV coinfection. Dr Bishai discussed this new venture with JAMA. JAMA: Why was K-RITH created? Dr Bishai: The HHMI trustees and University of KwaZulu-Natal leadership decided it was time to do something different, something in global
Aspirin could be used to prevent cancer
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Three recently published studies indicate that aspirin, already enjoying a second lease of life in the prevention of heart disease, may soon become a first line of defence against cancer.

Two prospective, placebo controlled studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine (2002:348;883-90 and 891-9) looked at patients at risk of colorectal cancer. Both studies found a clear benefit from aspirin in reducing the frequency of new colorectal polyps.

The second of these studies, led by John Baron of Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, followed 1084 patients with a history …
Intestinal proliferation in coeliac disease: looking into the crypt.
Authors: T C Savidge, J A Walker-Smith, A D Phillips, T C Savidge
Journal: Gut (1995)

Students in Medical Laboratory Sciences occasionally struggle in lecture to acquire the knowledge covered in the objectives. After review of the ASCLS Body of Knowledge, nine clearly-stated objectives in Acid-Base studies were distilled and two BITES were created. These BITES are a form of microlearning, where students take 10-20 minute chunks of time to learn a brief topic. 5 objectives are defined and review questions are asked to stimulate active recall and retrieval. At the end, three questions are asked which require application of the knowledge gained over the previous 10-20 minutes. Three surveys were given to all students at different points in time to assess the efficacy and acceptance of BITES; Post-Lecture (Pre-BITES) Questionnaire (PLQ), Post-BITES Questionnaire (PBQ), and Post-3-month Questionnaire (P3Q). In comparing the PLQ and the PBQ, eight correct answers were recalled more often in the PBQ and three correct answers were recalled more often in the PLQ. All correct answers were recalled more often in the P3Q than the PLQ. The question, “I enjoyed these BITES” was answered 1 “no” and 5 “yes”, and received the following scores; 0-1’s, 0-2’s, 3-3’s, 8-4’s, 11-5’s. The question, “I preferred learning with...” indicated that all students but one preferred BITES over lecture. As we continue to master our craft of teaching, we learn that MLS Students prefer learning with BITES in a traditional lecture-based classroom and that durable learning was accomplished over 3-months with their use. Further studies are required to see if BITES improve student engagement.
Pulmonary Carcinoma with Eosinophilia
Authors: Arne Slungaard, Joao Ascensao, Esmail Zanjani, Harry S. Jacob
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

A WIDE variety of solid and hematologic cancers are occasionally accompanied by peripheral-blood eosinophilia,1 but the mechanisms underlying this curious relationship remain obscure. To elucidate one mechanism that may account for cancer-associated eosinophilia, we studied a patient whose waxing and waning pulmonary carcinoma closely paralleled a striking eosinophilic leukemoid reaction. This association led us to hypothesize that the tumor was producing and secreting a hematopoietically active factor that stimulated bone-marrow production of eosinophils. We sought to demonstrate and characterize this putative "eosinophilopoietic" factor in the patient's tumor and serum.We found that even in high dilutions, a buffered saline extract . . .
Multi-centre audit to determine factors associated with success and failure in treating colonic obstruction with self expanding metals stents (SEMS)
Authors: J. Geraghty, M. McMahon, A. Conlin, S. Alam, T. Gledhill, Z. Estabragh, J. Hill, S. Lee, G. Carlson, D. Martin, P. O'Toole, J. Ramesh, S. Lal, R. Willert, K. Bodger, S. Sarkar
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> UK cancer guidelines recommend patients with malignant colonic obstruction are considered for stenting either as a bridge to curative surgery or as a palliative procedure. Considerable variation in practice persists due to lack of expertise, technical difficulties and hazards associated. Reported series include only small numbers so true success rates are unclear. Our aim is to determine outcomes following colonic stenting and factors associated with complications. <h3>Methods</h3> All colonic stents inserted for large bowel obstruction in 5 North-West Teaching hospitals between 2005 and 2010 were audited retrospectively for outcomes including relief of obstruction, survival, complications and re-intervention. <h3>Results</h3> 334 patients had stents inserted (mean age 71 years, mean ASA grade III) for palliation (76%), bridge to surgery (15.5%) and other indications (8.5%) (mostly benign strictures). Procedural success was 86%, with immediate complication rate of 14% due to: inability to deploy (6%), intraprocedural perforation (2.7%), malposition (0.6%), migration (2%), insufficient expansion (1%) and peri-interventional morbidity (1.2%). Technical success did not vary by indication (p=0.4) but using a through-the-scope (TTS) technique (65% of procedures) produced a higher success rate than radiological placement (93% v 80%; p=0.01) with fewer complications (12% v 20%; p=0.05). Perforation rates were lower for operators performing &gt;20 procedures (p=0.04). Tumour position (above or below splenic flexure) did not affect success (p=0.3) or complications (p=0.6). 64% for palliation required no further intervention but 21% underwent subsequent colostomy and 5 perforated. 75% of 'bridge' patients had a single stage primary anastomosis. 30-day mortality was 14.6% for palliative group, 7.7% for bridge group, 17% for benign obstruction and 33% for extra–colonic malignant obstruction. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This large audit reports similar problems to published smaller series but suggests that experienced operators using a TTS technique achieved better outcomes. High re-intervention rate in palliative stenting was disappointing. Significant mortality for extra-colonic malignant obstruction and benign strictures suggests that stenting should be carefully considered for these indications.
Credit contraction offers opportunity to close gaps in health inequities
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The sudden global reduction in credit may lead to opportunities to rethink and improve global strategies to reduce health inequities, an international conference heard last week.

Michael Marmot, chairman of the World Health Organization’s commission on social determinants of health, said, “During the crises [the first and second world wars] there was social solidarity and the thought that we have to do things differently. The credit crisis is an opportunity to say are we going to do things differently.” He was speaking at a conference entitled Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity through Action on the Social Determinants of Health.

Professor Marmot pointed to the fact that Western governments had recently found hundreds of billions of dollars to …