tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Massive Gastric Hemorrhage in a Neonate
Authors: Martin L. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

MASSIVE upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage in the newborn, although rare, can be life threatening. We recently had the opportunity to diagnose and treat a 1-day-old infant with massive gastric hemorrhage by selective catheter placement and vasopressin infusion into the celiac axis through an umbilical artery catheter. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A full-term, 3.85-kg, female infant was born to a 32-year-old, gravida 5, para 3 woman. Spontaneous labor began 12 hours before birth and was augmented with intravenous oxytocin (Pitocin). Artificial rupture of the membranes two hours before delivery revealed meconiumstained fluid. The baby was delivered vaginally, and initial Apgar scores were 7 and 9 at one and five minutes, respectively. Approximately 15 minutes after birth, the infant developed tachypnea and respiratory distress suspected to be secondary to meconium aspiration. Attempts to intubate and suction the meconium met with no success. There was increasingly labored breathing and lethargy. The initial blood
Exome sequencing identifies MAX mutations as a cause of hereditary pheochromocytoma
Authors: Iñaki Comino-Méndez, Francisco J Gracia-Aznárez, Francesca Schiavi, Iñigo Landa, Luis J Leandro-García, Rocío Letón, Emiliano Honrado, Rocío Ramos-Medina, Daniela Caronia, Guillermo Pita, Álvaro Gómez-Graña, Aguirre A de Cubas, Lucía Inglada-Pérez, Agnieszka Maliszewska, Elisa Taschin, Sara Bobisse, Giuseppe Pica, Paola Loli, Rafael Hernández-Lavado, José A Díaz, Mercedes Gómez-Morales, Anna González-Neira, Giovanna Roncador, Cristina Rodríguez-Antona, Javier Benítez, Massimo Mannelli, Giuseppe Opocher, Mercedes Robledo, Alberto Cascón
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
CORTECON: A Temporal Transcriptome Analysis of In Vitro Human Cerebral Cortex Development from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Joyce van de Leemput, Nathan C. Boles, Thomas R. Kiehl, Barbara Corneo, Patty Lederman, Vilas Menon, Changkyu Lee, Refugio A. Martinez, Boaz P. Levi, Carol L. Thompson, Shuyuan Yao, Ajamete Kaykas, Sally Temple, Christopher A. Fasano
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Late Results of Resections for Tuberculosis of the Upper Lobe
Authors: E. Hoffman
Journal: Thorax (1956)

Resection in upper lobe disease in pulmonary tuberculosis has now become a routine procedure, but long-term, observations of the results of these operations are still few.In all 112 patients were subjected to resection between November, 1949, and June, 1954, at Poole Sanatorium, near Middlesbrough, and at Shotley Bridge Hospital, and of these 100 have been followed up from one to six years (Table 1).These results have been correlated with the pre-operative findings and post-operative pro- gress within the first 12 months after operation.TABLE I FOLLOW-UP PERIOD 1-2 years .38patients 2-3 26 34 .164-5 9 5-6 11Total .100During this period there were a further 12 patients who had a resection for upper lobe disease.Of these four died within the first three post-operative months and one 10 months after operation.Of the remaining seven patients, three could not be traced and a satisfactory long-term follow-up was not available in four.However, it is known that amongst these seven patients there were two early post-operative complications.One developed a bronchopleural fistula and the other had a spread of disease.Both these complications were well controlled with a thoracoplasty.TABLE II EXTENT OF RESECTION Local " wedge " resection 11 cases
Association of restriction fragment length polymorphism in alcohol dehydrogenase 2 gene with alcohol induced liver damage.
Authors: D I Sherman, R J Ward, M Warren-Perry, R Williams, T J Peters
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the role of genetically determined differences in the enzymes of alcohol metabolism in susceptibility to liver damage from misusing alcohol. DESIGN--Use of pADH36 probe to study PVU II restriction length fragment polymorphism in alcohol dehydrogenase 2 gene in white alcohol misusers and controls. SETTING--Teaching hospital referral centres for liver disease and alcohol misuse. SUBJECTS--45 white alcohol misusers (38 with alcoholic liver disease) and 23 healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Alcohol misuse, the presence and severity of alcoholic liver disease, alcohol dependency, and family history of alcohol misuse. RESULTS--A two allele polymorphism (A and B) was identified. In control subjects the allele frequencies were 85% for A and 15% for B compared with 37% and 63% respectively in alcohol misusers (p &lt; 0.001). B allele was significantly associated with severe liver damage (p &lt; 0.05) as well as alcohol dependency and family history of alcohol misuse compared with controls. CONCLUSION--Inherited variation in enzymes of ethanol metabolism may contribute to the pathogenesis of alcohol induced liver damage. This supports the presence of a genetic component in alcohol misuse.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ENOXAPARIN AND FONDAPARINUX IN NON-HIGH RISK ACUTE PULMONARY EMBOLISM: AN ADJUSTED PROPENSITY SCORE ANALYSIS
Authors: Nicolas F. Meneveau, Vincent Descotes-Genon, Romain Chopard, Marie-France Seronde, Florent Briand, Alexandre Guignier, Yvette Bernard, Francois Schiele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Cut children's screen time to less than two hours a day, US pediatricians say
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Pediatricians should ask about how much time children are spending watching television, surfing online, and engaging in other screen time activities; encourage parents to limit their children’s screen time to less than one or two hours a day; and examine their own media habits, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) says in a new policy statement.1

The academy cited a 2004 study that found that pediatricians who watch more television were more likely to view recommendations to limit children’s screen time as unrealistic.2

Although the academy says in the statement that it recognizes the positive effects …
Estimating divergence dates from molecular sequences
Authors: A. Rambaut, L. Bromham
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

The ability to date the time of divergence between lineages using molecular data provides the opportunity to answer many important questions in evolutionary biology. However, molecular dating techniques have previously been criticized for failing to adequately account for variation in the rate of molecular evolution. We present a maximum-likelihood approach to estimating divergence times that deals explicitly with the problem of rate variation. This method has many advantages over previous approaches including the following: (1) a rate constancy test excludes data for which rate heterogeneity is detected; (2) date estimates are generated with confidence intervals that allow the explicit testing of hypotheses regarding divergence times; and (3) a range of sequences and fossil dates are used, removing the reliance on a single calculated calibration rate. We present tests of the accuracy of our method, which show it to be robust to the effects of some modes of rate variation. In addition, we test the effect of substitution model and length of sequence on the accuracy of the dating technique. We believe that the method presented here offers solutions to many of the problems facing molecular dating and provides a platform for future improvements to such analyses.
Acellular vaccines provided less protection during California pertussis outbreak
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Teenagers who received four doses of the newer acellular pertussis vaccines were nearly six times as likely to receive a diagnosis of pertussis during a recent outbreak in California than were those who received doses of the older, whole cell preparation, a new study has found.1

After pertussis vaccines were introduced in the 1940s the annual number of cases of the disease in the United States fell from more than 100 000 to fewer than 10 000 by 1965. These vaccines were derived from whole Bordetella pertussis organisms and were combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid (in the DTwP vaccine). But because of concerns that the whole …
Aldosteronism and a Proinflammatory Vascular Phenotype
Authors: Robert A. Ahokas, Yao Sun, Syamal K. Bhattacharya, Ivan C. Gerling, Karl T. Weber
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Chronic, inappropriate (relative to dietary Na + ) elevations in circulating aldosterone, such as occur in congestive heart failure, are accompanied by a proinflammatory vascular phenotype involving the coronary and systemic vasculature. An immunostimulatory state with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) precedes this phenotype and is induced by a fall in cytosolic free [Mg 2+ ] i and subsequent Ca 2+ loading of these cells and transduced by oxidative/nitrosative stress. Methods and Results— We sought to further validate this hypothesis in rats with aldosterone/1%NaCl treatment (ALDOST) by using several interventions as cotreatment: a Mg 2+ -supplemented diet; amlodipine, a CCB; and N -acetylcysteine, an antioxidant. Blood samples were obtained at weeks 1 to 4 of ALDOST to monitor [Mg 2+ ] i , [Ca 2+ ] I , and H 2 O 2 production in PBMCs. Coronal ventricular sections were examined for invading inflammatory cells and 3-nitrotyrosine labeling, a marker of oxidative/nitrosative stress. In response to ALDOST and compared with untreated controls, we found an early and persistent reduction in [Mg 2+ ] i with a subsequent rise in [Ca 2+ ] i and H 2 O 2 production, each of which was either attenuated or abrogated by the Mg 2+ -supplemented diet and by N -acetylcysteine, whereas amlodipine prevented Ca 2+ loading and an altered redox state. Cotreatment with these interventions either markedly attenuated or prevented the appearance of the proinflammatory coronary vascular phenotype and the presence of 3-nitrotyrosine in invading inflammatory cells. Conclusions— We suggest that the immunostimulatory state that appears during aldosteronism and leads to a proinflammatory coronary vascular phenotype is induced by a fall in [Mg 2+ ] i with Ca 2+ loading of PBMCs and is transduced by H 2 O 2 production in these cells.
Fetal ductus arteriosus ligation. Pulmonary vascular smooth muscle biochemical and mechanical changes.
Authors: J Belik, A J Halayko, K Rao, N L Stephens
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

To evaluate the smooth muscle mechanical and biochemical changes associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension syndrome of the newborn, we studied 31 fetal sheep in which the ductus arteriosus was ligated at 125 days of gestation. Sixty-one noninstrumented and six sham-operated fetuses served as controls. All animals were delivered by cesarean section at 137-140 days of gestation, and the experimental group had the ductus arteriosus ligated for 12 +/- 3 days. The ligated group demonstrated a higher mean (+/- SEM) pulmonary artery pressure (72.3 +/- 3.8 versus 54.1 +/- 2 mm Hg, p &lt; 0.01) and right ventricular mean free wall weight (12.5 +/- 0.7 versus 6.8 +/- 0.3 g, p &lt; 0.01) as compared with the sham-operated group. Significant changes in the pulmonary vascular smooth muscle of the ligated group were observed. The myosin content of vessels from the second through fifth generation demonstrated a significant increase in actin and myosin content (p &lt; 0.01), but given their disproportional changes, the noninstrumented group demonstrated a lower actin/myosin ratio than the experimental group (p &lt; 0.01). Changes in the myosin heavy chain isoform stoichiometry, characterized by an increase in both the mean high/low myosin heavy chain isoform ratio (1.8 +/- 0.3 versus 1.0 +/- 0.1, p &lt; 0.05) and the nonmuscle isoform as a percentage of the total myosin heavy chain (12.4 +/- 0.7% versus 2.7 +/- 0.9%, p &lt; 0.01), were also observed in the ligated as compared with the noninstrumented animals. In addition, the muscle Mg-ATPase activity was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced in the experimental group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chymase Inhibition Prevents Fibronectin and Myofibrillar Loss and Improves Cardiomyocyte Function and LV Torsion Angle in Dogs With Isolated Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Betty Pat, Yuanwen Chen, Cheryl Killingsworth, James D. Gladden, Ke Shi, Junying Zheng, Pamela C. Powell, Greg Walcott, Mustafa I. Ahmed, Himanshu Gupta, Ravi Desai, Chih-Chang Wei, Naoki Hase, Tsunefumi Kobayashi, Abdelkarim Sabri, Henk Granzier, Thomas Denney, Michael Tillson, A. Ray Dillon, Ahsan Husain, Louis J. Dell'Italia
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— The left ventricular (LV) dilatation of isolated mitral regurgitation (MR) is associated with an increase in chymase and a decrease in interstitial collagen and extracellular matrix. In addition to profibrotic effects, chymase has significant antifibrotic actions because it activates matrix metalloproteinases and kallikrein and degrades fibronectin. Thus, we hypothesize that chymase inhibitor (CI) will attenuate extracellular matrix loss and LV remodeling in MR. Methods and Results— We studied dogs with 4 months of untreated MR (MR; n=9) or MR treated with CI (MR+CI; n=8). Cine MRI demonstrated a &gt;40% increase in LV end-diastolic volume in both groups, consistent with a failure of CI to improve a 25% decrease in interstitial collagen in MR. However, LV cardiomyocyte fractional shortening was decreased in MR versus normal dogs (3.71±0.24% versus 4.81±0.31%; P &lt;0.05) and normalized in MR+CI dogs (4.85±0.44%). MRI with tissue tagging demonstrated an increase in LV torsion angle in MR+CI versus MR dogs. CI normalized the significant decrease in fibronectin and FAK phosphorylation and prevented cardiomyocyte myofibrillar degeneration in MR dogs. In addition, total titin and its stiffer isoform were increased in the LV epicardium and paralleled the changes in fibronectin and FAK phosphorylation in MR+CI dogs. Conclusions— These results suggest that chymase disrupts cell surface–fibronectin connections and FAK phosphorylation that can adversely affect cardiomyocyte myofibrillar structure and function. The greater effect of CI on epicardial versus endocardial titin and noncollagen cell surface proteins may be responsible for the increase in torsion angle in chronic MR.
Risk of Meningococcal Infection in College Students
Authors: Lee H. Harrison
Journal: JAMA (1999)

The number of meningococcal outbreaks on college campuses have been increasing in the past few years. However, no published studies have documented the incidence of invasive meningococcal infection in college students or whether the incidence is higher than in the general population of the same age.To compare the incidence of invasive meningococcal infection in Maryland college students with that of the general population of the same age.Retrospective cohort study.Maryland residents with meningococcal infection from 1992-1997 identified from active, laboratory-based, statewide surveillance for invasive meningococcal disease.Incidence of invasive meningococcal infection.Of 228 patients with invasive meningococcal infection, 67 were aged 16 to 30 years; 11 and 3 of these attended Maryland 4- and 2-year colleges, respectively. Of these, 12 (86%) had infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups included in the current meningococcal vaccine. The average annual incidence was 1.74 per 100000 among students in 4-year schools vs 1.44 per 100000 for the general population of the same age (P=.60). Among students in 4-year schools, the incidence was 3.24 per 100000 in on-campus residents vs 0.96 per 100000 in off-campus residents (relative risk, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-11.6; P=.05).The incidence of meningococcal infection in college students is similar to the incidence in the general population of the same age, but college students residing on campus appear to be at higher risk than those residing off campus.
Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor is overproduced by keratinocytes in atopic dermatitis. Implications for sustained dendritic cell activation in the skin.
Authors: S Pastore, E Fanales-Belasio, C Albanesi, L M Chinni, A Giannetti, G Girolomoni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Lesional skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) harbors high numbers of dendritic cells with enhanced stimulatory capacity for T lymphocytes. In this study, lesional AD skin was shown to stain heavily in both epidermal and dermal compartments for GM-CSF, a cytokine crucial to dendritic cell functions. Keratinocyte cultures established from uninvolved skin of AD patients exhibited markedly increased spontaneous and PMA-stimulated release of GM-CSF compared with keratinocytes from nonatopic controls. Correspondingly, keratinocytes from AD patients showed higher constitutive as well as PMA-induced GM-CSF gene expression. Larger amounts of GM-CSF were produced by AD keratinocytes, also in response to IL-1alpha, but not after stimulation with LPS, lipoteichoic acid, or staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Hydrocortisone reduced GM-CSF gene expression and protein release in both atopic and control keratinocytes. Supernatants from atopic keratinocytes were able to strongly stimulate PBMC proliferation in a GM-CSF-dependent manner. Moreover, conditioned medium from PMA-treated AD keratinocytes, together with exogenous IL-4, could support phenotypical and functional maturation of peripheral blood precursors into dendritic cells. Enhanced production of GM-CSF by keratinocytes may contribute relevantly to the establishment and chronicity of AD lesions, in particular to the increased number, sustained activation, and enhanced antigen-presenting functions of dendritic cells.
MODIFICATION OF THE REESE URETHRAL IRRIGATOR.
Authors: LUTHER G. PAUL
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The instrument shown in the cut is modeled after the Reese urethral irrigator. Having broken several glass irrigators, it occurred to me that as the glass cup was the part most often broken, a detachable, soft-rubber cup would in a great measure lessen the liability to breakage. The instrument consists of a glass urethral irrigator, and a soft-rubber, detachable cup. The accompanying cut requires no explanation. The advantages claimed for this modification are that it is less easily broken, is less expensive than one made wholly of glass, and the thickened rim of the cup prevents any spattering from the irrigation fluid. The cost is about one-half that of the glass irrigator.
NORMAL SALT SOLUTION AND OTHER LOCAL ANALGESICSIN THE OFFICE TREATMENT OF ANO-RECTAL DISEASES.
Authors: J. RAWSON PENNINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Recent discoveries and improved technic in the use of local analgesics have enabled us to treat as ambulatory cases many patients suffering from various forms of minor ano-rectal diseases whom we formerly sent to the hospital for treatment. This ofttimes obviates the necessity of putting aside all business and social obligations and of making a two or more weeks' stay in a hospital, with all its attendant anxieties and embarrassments. Such patients, with few exceptions, are now operated on at the office or at the patient's home. Before operating, if there are no contraindications, about the only question asked the patient is: Did your bowels move to-day? If so, and if an operation is indicated or necessary, and the patient so desires, the field is prepared and the operation is performed, either a normal salt solution or a eucain-adrenalin solution being used as the local analgesic.  In my first experiments
Lack of Benefit From Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Gjin Ndrepepa, Albert Schömig, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Conquering Infertility: A Guide for Couples
Authors: Irvin E. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This book is a revised edition of a text first published in 1983. It has been one of the first "standard" lay books on infertility, aimed at educating and informing couples struggling with this problem. Since that time, an abundance of books on this topic have been published, related in part to increasing public interest and in part to rapidly developing technologies. The revised edition is a worthy successor to the previous one and should continue to command the attention of infertile couples. The book is logically arranged, beginning with an overview of infertility, followed by descriptions of female and male anatomy and physiology. Throughout there is equal emphasis on male and female aspects of infertility, with descriptions of the usual tests for the evaluation of each partner. The general emphasis on infertility as a "couple" problem serves as an appropriate reminder. The individual chapters devoted to commonly occurring problems
Varieties of Standard-of-Care Treatment Randomized Trials
Authors: Scott Y. H. Kim, Franklin G. Miller
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal