tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of early life exposure to concentrated ambient particle on lung function of mice
Authors: ThaÃ­s Mendes-Lopes, Mariana Veras, Francine Almeida, NatÃ¡lia Costa, Fernanda Lopes, Paulo Saldiva, Thais Mauad
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction- Epidemiological studies have shown that air pollution affects lung health in children. Aims- To evaluate the effects of gestational and postnatal exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) derived from vehicular emissions on pulmonary inflammation and lung function in young mice. Methods- Mice (n=14/group) were continuously exposed to either filtered air (control group) or CAP (600µg/m3/day) from gestational day 5 (intrauterine exposure) to postnatal day 40 using a Harvard Ambient Particle Concentrator. At the end of exposures, mice were submitted to functional evaluation using FlexiVent small animal ventilator (SCIREQ, Montreal, PQ, Canada). Airway resistance, tissue damping and tissue elastance (Htis) were measured using the forced oscillation technique. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected to obtain differential cell counts. Data were analyzed Student9s T test. Results: There was a significant increase in the Htis (p=0.02) in the exposed group (35.64±14.70cmH2O/mL/s) when compared to the non-exposed group (26.61±5.31cmH2O/mL/s). There were no differences in BAL fluid cellularity (p=0.3). Conclusions- Our findings showed that the combined exposure during prenatal e postnatal life to particulate air pollution affects lung function. We speculate that the observed changes in tissue elastance could be related to abnormal lung development.
Bronchial wash/lavage and etiologic diagnosis on immunocompromised patients
Authors: Daniela Silva, Alcide Marques
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction : Bronchoscopy is important in the identification of bronchopulmonary infectious agents. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic yield of the bronchial washing and lavage in immunosuppressed patients with suspected pneumonia.   Methods:  The authors reviewed the endoscopic examinations carried out in a Pulmonology department in the past two years. Only patients who had criteria for immunosuppression and clinical suspicion of pneumonia were selected.   Results:  195 flexible bronchoscopies with bronchial wash were performed (64% also with bronchoalveolar lavage). Microbiological identification in bronchial wash was obtained in 63 patients, with a positivity rate of 32.2%, slightly higher than the one obtained with bronchoalveolar lavage (27.2%). However, the sensitivity for microbiological identification in the bronchial wash or in the bronchoalveolar lavage, was not significantly different (p=0.332).96 microorganisms were identified in 80 patients with an average of 1.2 microorganisms/patient (SD=0.403). The most frequently identified was the methicillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  (27.6%) and  Acinetobacter baumannii  (15.5%). 28% of the patients had a fungal infection, predominantly  Pneumocystis jiroveci  (36%).In the group of 60 transplanted patients, a positive result was obtained in 28. The sensitivity of the bronchial wash and bronchoalveolar lavage for microbiological identification proved to be similar (p=0.251).The same was true in the HIV positive group, with equal sensitivity for both techniques (37.5% p=1.0).   Conclusion:  This study reinforces the role of bronchoscopy in immunocompromised patients, which may be influenced by empirical antibiotic therapy early initiated.
Higher Antitumor Efficacy of Daunomycin When Linked to Dextran: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies 2
Authors: A. Bernstein, E. Hurwitz, R. Maron, R. Arnon, M. Sela, M. Wilchek
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Higher Antitumor Efficacy of Daunomycin When Linked to Dextran: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies Get access A. Bernstein, A. Bernstein Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. Hurwitz, E. Hurwitz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Maron, R. Maron Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Arnon, R. Arnon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Sela, M. Sela Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Wilchek M. Wilchek Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 2, February 1978, Pages 379–384, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.2.379 Published: 01 February 1978 Article history Received: 19 May 1977 Accepted: 23 August 1977 Published: 01 February 1978
New mutations in the AQP2 gene in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus resulting in functional but misrouted water channels.
Authors: S M Mulders, N V Knoers, A F Van Lieburg, L A Monnens, E Leumann, E Wühl, E Schober, J P Rijss, C H Van Os, P M Deen
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by the inability of the kidney to concentrate urine in response to vasopressin. The autosomal recessive form of NDI is caused by mutations in the AQP2 gene, encoding the vasopressin-regulated water channel of the kidney collecting duct. This report presents three new mutations in the AQP2 gene that cause NDI, resulting in A147T-, T126M-, or N68S-substituted AQP2 proteins. Expression of the A147T and T126M mutant AQP2 proteins in Xenopus oocytes revealed a relatively small, but significant increase in water permeability, whereas the water permeability of N68S expressing oocytes was not increased. cRNA encoding missense and wild-type AQP2 were equally stable in oocytes. Immunoblots of oocyte lysates showed that only the A147T mutant protein was less stable than wild-type AQP2. The mutant AQP2 proteins showed, in addition to the wild-type 29-kd band, an endoplasmic reticulum-retarded form of AQP2 of approximately 32 kd. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry demonstrated only intense labeling of the plasma membranes of oocytes expressing wild-type AQP2. In summary, two mutant AQP2 proteins encoded in NDI are functional water channels. Therefore, the major cause underlying autosomal recessive NDI is the misrouting of AQP2 mutant proteins.
Exposure characteristics of patients with different pathological types of malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Bill Musk, Peter Franklin, Patrick Aboagye-Sarfo, Alison Reid, Nola Olsen, Latha Samuel, Geoffrey Berry, Nicholas de Klerk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) of the pleura and peritoneum has 3 main pathological sub-types: epithelioid, sarcomatoid and biphasic with different clinical behaviour and prognosis but all related to asbestos exposure.  Aim: To identify any distinguishing characteristics of patients with different subtypes of MM that may relate to their differing clinical manifestations.  Methods: All cases of MM that have been recorded in Western Australia since the first case in 1962 until 2010 were reviewed for the demographic characteristics, histological type, and asbestos exposure history.  Results: There have been 1867 (1612 male) confirmed cases of MM between 1960 and June 2011. Of those there are 237 sarcomatoid, 744 epitheloid and 367 biphasic subtypes with 519 cases not specified. Analyses were confined to cases with defined pathological sub-types. Results from univariable analyses are presented in Table 1. In a multinomial logistic regression, age at diagnosis, exposure route and topography were significantly associated with subtype.  Conclusion: Compared to other subtypes sarcomatoid MM appears in older subjects and is less common with environmental exposure to asbestos. It is also less common in the peritoneum than pleura.
Expression of Fibronectin and Laminin in the Rat Liver After Partial Hepatectomy, During Carcinogenesis, and in Transplantable Hepatocellular Carclnornas&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S Sell, E Ruoslahti
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The distribution in the F344 rat liver of two extracellular matrix and basement membrane components, fibronectin and laminin, was studied by immunofluorescence. Fibronectin was found diffusely in normal liver lining the sinusoids and in connective tissue surrounding blood vessels and bile ducts; laminin was present predominantly in the basement membranes of blood vessels and bile ducts and was only inconsistently seen lining the sinusoids. After partial hepatectomy (PH), there was a transient decrease of fibronectin in the central and midzone sinusoidal hepatic areas. This decrease was most marked on day 3 after the PH. Carcinogens caused marked changes in the distribution of fibronectin. Large extracellular deposits of fibronectin were seen in areas of oval cell proliferation in livers of rats treated with N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) while being fed a choline-deficient diet. In contrast, the nodules that developed in these livers were almost completely devoid of fibronectin staining. Neoplastic nodules produced in rats by cyclic feedings of 2-FAA r by injections of diethylnitrosamine also contained little or no fibronectin. Laminin staining did not change markedly during these treatments, but increased staining was seen associated with the newly formed ductlike structures and oval cells in liver of rats treated with carcinogens. Transplantable hepatomas varied in their fibronectin staining from fibronectin-negative hepatomas to ones with fibronectin staining within or around every tumor cell. Laminin was only found around the vascular structures within the tumors. The presence or absence of fibronectin in hepatomas did not show an obvious correlation to growth rate or metastatic potential of the tumors studied.
Management of Service Personnel with a History of Penicillin Allergy: Discussion Paper
Authors: M D Williams, S M Milner, M H Pearson, J M Ryan, T G Merrett
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1993)

A false label of penicillin allergy may have important consequences for wartime medical evacuation. This article outlines the antibiotic protocol for war wounds, the current status of tests to diagnose true penicillin allergy and suggests a strategy for the management of personnel with a history of such allergy.
Adjuvant cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin chemotherapy for bladder cancer: an update.
Authors: C J Logothetis, D E Johnson, C Chong, F H Dexeus, A Sella, S Ogden, T Smith, D A Swanson, R J Babaian, K I Wishnow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Seventy-one patients received adjuvant Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide; Bristol-Myers Co, Evansville, IN), Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and cisplatin (CISCA) chemotherapy between March 1981 and March 1986. Patients received adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy if they had pathological findings that were thought to predict for high likelihood of relapse. These included the presence of resected nodal metastases, extravesicular involvement of tumor, lymphatic/vascular permeation of the primary tumor, or pelvic visceral invasion. Sixty-two patients at a similar high risk for recurrence did not receive adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy because they refused, had medical contraindications to therapy, or were not referred for chemotherapy. Two-hundred six patients had a cystectomy performed during the same study period but had none of the poor prognostic features suggesting a high risk for relapse. Sixty-two percent of the patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy are alive and disease-free for a mean follow-up of 118 weeks (range, 28 to 310 weeks). A survival advantage exists for the adjuvant-treated patients when compared with those with unfavorable pathological findings who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (70% v 37%) (P = .00012): no difference exists in long-term disease-free survival for those with favorable pathological findings (long-term disease-free survival 76%) v those who received adjuvant chemotherapy (70%) (P = .33). Adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy prolongs the disease-free survival of some patients following a cystectomy. Patients who benefitted from adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy included those with resected nodal metastases, extra-vesicular involvement of tumor, and direct invasion of the pelvic viscera. Patients not benefitting from adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy in this analysis included those with lymphatic/vascular invasion in their primary tumor as the sole manifestation of high risk for relapse.
Profile of Men Randomized to the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial: Baseline Health-Related Quality of Life, Urinary and Sexual Functioning, and Health Behaviors
Authors: Carol M. Moinpour, Laura C. Lovato, Ian M. Thompson, John E. Ware, Patricia A. Ganz, Donald L. Patrick, Sally A. Shumaker, Gary W. Donaldson, Anne Ryan, Charles A. Coltman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To describe men who agreed to be randomized to the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT), a 7-year, double-blind placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of finasteride in preventing prostate cancer. METHODS: Comprehensive health-related quality-of-life data are presented for 18,882 randomized PCPT participants. RESULTS: PCPT participants are highly educated, middle to upper income, and primarily white (92%). Participants reported healthy lifestyles. The mean American Urological Association Symptom Index score was well below the maximum entry score of less than 19; existing urinary symptoms were generally not bothersome. The scores for two sexual functioning scales could range from 0 to 100, with higher scores reflecting worse sexual functioning. The mean score for the Sexual Problem Scale was 19.2 out of 100, and the mean Sexual Activities Scale was 44.1 out of 100. Scores for seven of the eight Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey scales (higher scores are better) were 10 to 20 points higher than those reported by a general population sample and differed minimally by race but not by age. Previously reported associations between sexual dysfunction and hypertension, diabetes, and depression were also observed. Men who never smoked reported less sexual dysfunction than did those who either had quit or still smoked. CONCLUSION: Individuals who are likely to enroll in primary prevention trials have a high socioeconomic status, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and better health than the general population. These data help oncologists design chemoprevention trials with respect to the selection of health-related quality-of-life assessments and recruitment strategies.
Population‐based programs for increasing colorectal cancer screening in the United States
Authors: Manisha Verma, Mona Sarfaty, Durado Brooks, Richard C. Wender
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2015)

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Screening to detect polyps or cancer at an early stage has been shown to produce better outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC). Programs with a population‐based approach can reach a large majority of the eligible population and can offer cost‐effective interventions with the potential benefit of maximizing early cancer detection and prevention using a complete follow‐up plan. The purpose of this review was to summarize the key features of population‐based programs to increase CRC screening in the United States. A search was conducted in the SCOPUS, OvidSP, and PubMed databases. The authors selected published reports of population‐based programs that met at least 5 of the 6 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) criteria for cancer prevention and were known to the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable. Interventions at the level of individual practices were not included in this review. IARC cancer prevention criteria served as a framework to assess the effective processes and elements of a population‐based program. Eight programs were included in this review. Half of the programs met all IARC criteria, and all programs led to improvements in screening rates. The rate of colonoscopy after a positive stool test was heterogeneous among programs. Different population‐based strategies were used to promote these screening programs, including system‐based, provider‐based, patient‐based, and media‐based strategies. Treatment of identified cancer cases was not included explicitly in 4 programs but was offered through routine medical care. Evidence‐based methods for promoting CRC screening at a population level can guide the development of future approaches in health care prevention. The key elements of a successful population‐based approach include adherence to the 6 IARC criteria and 4 additional elements (an identified external funding source, a structured policy for positive fecal occult blood test results and confirmed cancer cases, outreach activities for recruitment and patient education, and an established rescreening process). CA Cancer J Clin 2015. © 2015 American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:496–510 . © 2015 American Cancer Society.
A CASE OF HYPOPLASTIC ANEMIA WITH SECONDARY THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA FOLLOWING THE USE OF CHLORAMPHENICOL
Authors: H E THOMPSON, H J ROWE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1953)

Case Reports1 November 1953A CASE OF HYPOPLASTIC ANEMIA WITH SECONDARY THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA FOLLOWING THE USE OF CHLORAMPHENICOLHARRY E. THOMPSON, M.D., F.A.C.P., HAROLD J. ROWE, M.D.HARRY E. THOMPSON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, HAROLD J. ROWE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-39-5-1124 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis is the report of a case of hypoplastic anemia with secondary thrombocytopenia, following the therapeutic use of chloramphenicol. Although a number of cases have appeared in recent literature,1, 2, 3, 4, 5this one was deemed to be of more than usual interest and is reported for the following reasons: (1) the immediate, but not complete, control of hemorrhage by the use of concentrated platelet infusion, as described by Minor, Burnett et al.6; (2) the temporary palliative effect on the process of ACTH and cortisone; and (3) the ineffectiveness of these and other measures to prevent a fatal termination....Bibliography1. HargravesMilesHeck MMSDFJ: Aplastic anemia associated with administration of chloramphenicol, J. A. M. A. 149: 1293 (Aug. 2) 1952; Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 27: 280 (July 16) 1952. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. RheingoldSpurling JJCL: Chloramphenicol and aplastic anemia, J. A. M. A. 149: 1301 (Aug. 2) 1952. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. RichRitterhoffHoffman MLRJRJ: A fatal case of aplastic anemia following chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) therapy, Ann. Int. Med. 33: 1459 (Dec.) 1950. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Loyd EL: Aplastic anemia due to chloramphenicol, Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 2: 1 (Jan.) 1952. Google Scholar5. WilsonHarrisHenstillWitherbeeKahn LEMHHOOJ: Aplastic anemia following prolonged use of chloramphenicol, J. A. M. A. 149: 231 (May 17) 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. MinorBurnett AHL: Personal communication. Google Scholar7. ScalettarMazursky HEMD: Secondary thrombocytopenic purpura following D. D. T. exposure, New York State J. Med. 52: 2808 (Nov. 15) 1952. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tucson, Arizona*Chloromycetin.†Received for publication April 11, 1953. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1953Volume 39, Issue 5Page: 1124-1129KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneAplastic anemiaChloramphenicolGratitudeHemorrhagePathologistsPlatelets ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1953 PDF downloadLoading ...
Influence of spontaneous breathing on systemic oxidative stress during ventilator weaning
Authors: Jacobo Sellares, Hugo Loureiro, Miquel Ferrer, Mònica Vila-Ubach, Esther Barreiro, Antoni Torres
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rationale  As the spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) could represent a major cardiopulmonar stress that could be associated with an increased oxidative stress, we assessed the imbalance of systemic oxidants and antioxidants during a SBT in a mixed populaton of ventilated patients and compare those with SBT failure and success.  Methods  A prospective clinical study was conducted in 89 patients under mechanical ventilation (MV). During the first SBT, blood samples were drawn before, at the end and 24 hours after the SBT. An additional sample from a control group of patients (n=31) who presented respiratory failure without requirement of ventilator support was also obtained. Samples were processed for the assessment of oxidative stress as measured using several markers: oxidized and nitrated proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidized DNA (8-OHdG), and the reduced antioxidant glutathione (GSH).  Results  Baseline levels of oxidative stress markers were similar in SBT failure (n= 33) and success (n= 56). Systemic levels of protein carbonylation and nitration, and 8-OHdG significantly decreased during SBT in both failure and success groups of patients. MDA levels were increased in SBT failure (p = 0.04) patients, but not in the SBT success group (p=0.29). Protein tyrosine nitration and 8-OHdG levels were higher during MV than those observed in patients non-exposed to MV.  Conclusions  The liberation of MV during SBT was associated with a decrease in oxidative stress markers, except for MDA, which increased in SBT failure patients. These results suggest that systemic oxidative stress seems to be influenced by MV rather than by the outcome of the SBT during ventilator weaning.
Abstract A22: Role of cap-dependent translation in response to upstream kinase-targeted therapy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Qing Ye, Weijia Cai, B. Mark Evers, David Solit, Neal Rosen, Qing-Bai She
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Mutational activation of the PI3K/AKT and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and metastasis. Several small-molecule inhibitors of PI3K, AKT, RAF and MEK have been tested in the clinic for the treatment of CRC but have shown only limited activity as a single agent. We find that a potential mechanism of AKT or ERK-independence is associated with redundant activation of eIF4E-initiated cap-dependent translation mediated by convergent regulation of the translation repressor 4E-BP1 by the AKT and ERK pathways. Combined inhibition of both pathways exhibits synergistic anti-CRC effects, both in vitro and in vivo, by effectively inhibiting cap-dependent translation via maximal activation of 4E-BP1 function. Specifically, we identify that survivin is a key translationally-regulated target of both pathways through convergence on the mTORC1/4E-BP1/eIF4E axis, and continuous translation of survivin by AKT and ERK signaling is crucial for CRC progression to metastasis. These findings reveal that the cap-dependent translation functions as a critical regulatory node that integrates oncogenic AKT and ERK signals for metastatic progression of CRC. Thus, targeting cap-dependent translation that could simultaneously block upstream oncogenic signals and their downstream targets may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced CRC. Citation Format: Qing Ye, Weijia Cai, B. Mark Evers, David Solit, Neal Rosen, Qing-Bai She. Role of cap-dependent translation in response to upstream kinase-targeted therapy in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Drug Sensitivity and Resistance: Improving Cancer Therapy; Jun 18-21, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(4 Suppl): Abstract nr A22.