tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective Familial Assessment in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Alida L.P. Caforio, Niall G. Mahon, M. Kamran Baig, Francesco Tona, Ross T. Murphy, Perry M. Elliott, William J. McKenna
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— In autoimmune disorders, circulating autoantibodies identify healthy relatives at risk years before clinical presentation. Healthy relatives of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) who have echocardiographic changes, including left ventricular enlargement or depressed fractional shortening at baseline, have increased medium-term risk for DCM development. Approximately one third of relatives have serum anti-heart autoantibodies (AHAs) at baseline; we intended to assess their potential role in predicting DCM development. Methods and Results— Baseline evaluation, including electrocardiography, echocardiography, and AHA, was performed in 592 asymptomatic relatives of 169 consecutive DCM patients (291 males and 301 females; mean age 36±16 years). Relatives were classified in accordance with published echocardiographic criteria; those who did not have DCM were followed up (median of 58 months). DCM among relatives was diagnosed by echocardiography at follow-up. Of the 592 individuals evaluated, 77% were assessed as normal, 4.4% as having DCM, and 19% as possibly affected on the basis of depressed fractional shortening without ventricular dilatation in 17 and left ventricular enlargement without systolic dysfunction in 94. Five-year follow-up of 311 relatives revealed that 26 had progressed (13 to DCM, 11 to left ventricular enlargement, and 2 to depressed fractional shortening). Relatives who developed DCM were more frequently AHA-positive than those who did not (69% versus 37%, P =0.02). Five-year probability of progression to DCM, among normal or possibly affected relatives, was higher in AHA-positive cases ( P =0.03). By Cox regression, positive AHAs at baseline were independent predictors of progression (RR 2.26, CI 1 to 5.1, P =0.03). Conclusions— Among healthy relatives of DCM patients, AHAs are independent predictors of disease development within 5 years.
European health systems must adapt to austerity, conference hears
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Europe is facing prolonged austerity and its health systems must adopt new ways of working and funding care, participants agreed at this year’s European Health Forum Gastein (www.ehfg.org).

Leaner, more inclusive, better evidence based, and transparent health governance is also essential and decision makers must be held accountable for how their health systems perform.

Speakers agreed that given the strong economic case for investing in health, health ministers should make it more forcibly and lead cross sector action to tackle the determinants of health.

In particular, innovation was needed in the delivery and integration of services. Business as usual will not work, and new ways to support patients, especially those with long term conditions, to self manage disease must be evaluated and implemented, participants agreed.

Amid widespread cuts to services in many countries, the importance of strong primary care, of avoiding unnecessary hospital care, and of providing equitable access to services was underlined. …
Fungous Disease in Man Acquired from Cattle and Horses
Authors: Otis Field Jillson, William R. Buckley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

FUNGUS acquired from cattle or horses, more popularly referred to as "barn itch," is a common disease in rural New Hampshire and Vermont. Because of its epidemiology, it is rarely observed in highly mechanized industrial cities. "Barn itch" is a disease of farmers and their families and presents characteristic clinical findings. Until the subject was reviewed in detail by Fowle and Georg1 in 1947 and by Carney2 in 1949, it was believed that Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the common pathogen of this disease. Their findings receive support from our own, in which Trichophyton faviforme was found to be the common causative . . .
Asbestos pleural effusion: a clinical entity.
Authors: G Martensson, S Hagberg, K Pettersson, G Thiringer
Journal: Thorax (1987)

In a case-control study asbestos exposure in 64 consecutive men with idiopathic pleural effusion and 129 randomly sampled age matched male controls was compared. Furthermore, seven women and 64 men with idiopathic pleural effusion were studied, including a three year re-examination, in an attempt to identify characteristics that might distinguish asbestos exposed from non-exposed patients. Asbestos exposure was significantly (p less than 0.01) more frequent in men with idiopathic effusions than in controls. The idiopathic effusions seen in asbestos exposed patients were compatible with the diagnosis "asbestos pleural effusion." Two features were characteristic of patients with asbestos pleural effusion: a chest radiograph at the initial examination showing converging pleural linear structures or rounded atelectasis or a history of recurrent pleural effusion, or both.
Today's Children: Creating a Future for a Generation in Crisis
Authors: Richard R. Brookman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Dr David Hamburg, president of the Carnegie Corporation, offers an evolutionary perspective on the development of humans, who have "the longest period of immaturity, therefore vulnerability, of all known species." He presents strong arguments that technological transformations of our own environment have outpaced preparation of families and their children to adapt to those changes. Hamburg describes the formidable challenges for adults today to meet the needs of all children for "dependable attachment, protection, guidance, stimulation, nurturance, and ways of coping with adversity." Drawing heavily upon published reports from national councils of experts, he outlines a series of essential educational, health, and social interventions that are rational, developmentally appropriate, scientifically based, derived from professional experience, and humane. Dr Hamburg focuses on early childhood and early adolescence as the most critical periods of development and the most strategic life stages for interventions to produce positive outcomes. He begins with a history of
Nephrology Comes of Age
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

IT is easy to write about tight little symposia of 20 or 30 invited speakers who give short talks, followed by lengthy and often illuminating discussion. These talks, considerably improved and altered by hindsight, are then published a year or two later, long after the participants have whirled through three or four similar symposia. Everyone attends every talk, and so it is simple to derive a theme, to sense a trend, to summarize a consensus — easy to feel the personalities, weigh the prejudices and leave with a sense of position and of direction.But how can one sensibly assess . . .
Advances in targeted therapies V
Authors: F C Breedveld
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

The papers brought together in this supplement of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases constitute summaries of presentations at the Fifth International Symposium on Advances in Targeted Therapies which was held in April 2003. As such, these presentations represent the state of the art on the biology of mechanisms of action and pathophysiology of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL1) as well as other important mediators of inflammation. Current knowledge on the means and consequences of blocking TNF, IL1, or other molecules is presented as well.

We are grateful to Drs Crofford, Feldmann, Furst, Klareskog, Lipsky, Maini, Moreland, …
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in a Motel
Authors: Charles W. Harlan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  Much of the information in the article by Wharton et al 1 entitled Fatal Carbon Monoxide Poisoning at a Motel and the editorial by Dr Dan 2 is incorrect.  The admitting hospital diagnosis of patient 2 was bacterial food poisoning, probably clostridial. An admission blood sample was sent to a private laboratory for drug analysis.  The police, promptly notified of the death of patient 1 and near death of patient 2, examined the scene and called me. I pronounced patient 1 dead there at 1:40 PM, observing red livor mortis (the differential diagnosis being cyanide poisoning, systemic hypothermia, and carbon monoxide poisoning). That the room was interior with controlled temperature excluded hypothermia. That this room had no apparent source of carbon monoxide and occupants of adjacent rooms were unaffected in the early afternoon tended to exclude carbon monoxide poisoning. Three antecedent cyanide deaths in Nashville and discovery in
Toll-like receptor 4 ligation enforces tolerogenic properties of oral mucosal Langerhans cells
Authors: Jean-Pierre Allam, Wen-Ming Peng, Torsten Appel, Matthias Wenghoefer, Bernd Niederhagen, Thomas Bieber, Stefaan Bergé, Natalija Novak
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Brain-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: H G Bluestein, N J Zvaifler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Homogenized tissue from the frontal cortex of normal human brains obtained at postmortem examination was used to absorb lymphocytotoxic antibody from the serum of six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Four absorptions of all of the SLE sera with equal volumes of homogenized brain tissue at 4 degrees C depleted their cytotoxic capacity more than 90%. Three of the six sera, however, retained some lymphocytotoxicity despite extensive brain absorption. Absorbed lymphocytotoxic antibodies were eluted from brain tissue absorbents at 37 degrees C. Cytotoxicity of the brain eluates was blocked by antibodies to human IgM (mu-chain specific) but not anti-IgG. The unabsorbed SLE sera, brain-absorbed sera, and brain eluates were equally cytotoxic to T (thymus-derived) and B (bone marrow-derived) cells fractionated from normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Thus, the lymphocytotoxic antibodies in SLE serum exhibit no preference for circulating human T cells. An analysis of the clinical records of 40 patients with SLE whose serum cytotoxic capacity had been determined revealed that circulating lymphocytotoxicity is greater in sera of patients with central nervous system (CNS) manifestations than in other SLE patients. This observation suggests a possible role for brain-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies in the development of CNS disease in SLE.
The collaborative emergence of group cognition
Authors: Georg Theiner, John Sutton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract We extend Smaldino's approach to collaboration and social organization in cultural evolution to include cognition. By showing how recent work on emergent group-level cognition can be incorporated within Smaldino's framework, we extend that framework's scope to encompass collaborative memory, decision making, and intelligent action. We argue that beneficial effects arise only in certain forms of cognitive interdependence, in surprisingly fragile conditions.
Detection and Measurement of Experimentally Produced Aortic Regurgitation by Means of Indicator-Dilution Curves Recorded from the Left Ventricle
Authors: EGAS ARMELIN, LEON MICHAELS, HIRAM W. MARSHALL, DAVID E. DONALD, RICHARD J. CHEESMAN, EARL H. WOOD
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

In dogs studied without thoracotomy the detection of immediately appearing indicator in the left ventricle following its injection approximately 1 cm downstream from the aortic valve can be used as a reliable index of the presence or absence of aortic regurgitation. With this type of injection and under the conditions of these experiments, the ratio of the area encompassed by the immediately appearing portion of the dilution curve recorded from the left ventricle to the area encompassed by the primary portion of the curve recorded at the femoral artery bears a close positive correlation (correlation coefficient: 0.9) to the severity of aortic regurgitation as estimated by back perfusion of the valve at necropsy. Within limitations, the position of the tip of the sampling catheter in the left ventricle in dogs with aortic regurgitation is not an important determinant of the amount of immediately appearing indicator detected in this chamber. Furthermore, although the amount of indicator detected in the left ventricle following injections of very short duration is time-dependent, if the duration of the injection is extended to cover the full systolic or diastolic phase of one heartbeat or continues over one or more heartbeats, the exact timing of this injection in relation to the cardiac cycle is not an important determinant of this variable. It is concluded that under these conditions the positive correlation established between the amount of immediately appearing dye detected in the left ventricle (expressed as the regurgitant fraction) and the severity of aortic regurgitation determined by back perfusion at necropsy can be used as a valid means of estimating the severity of aoritic regurgitation in dogs. The applicability of this indicator-dilution method to the study of clinical aortic reguragitation merits further study.
Puma is an essential mediator of p53-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways
Authors: John R. Jeffers, Evan Parganas, Youngsoo Lee, Chunying Yang, JinLing Wang, Jennifer Brennan, Kirsteen H. MacLean, Jiawen Han, Thomas Chittenden, James N. Ihle, Peter J. McKinnon, John L. Cleveland, Gerard P. Zambetti
Journal: Cancer Cell (2003)
Of Breath and Spirits
Authors: Joachim S. Gravenstein
Journal: JAMA (1981)

WORDS are like pots. In their forms, both show their background and culture and both serve as containers. Some old pots, now smooth and shiny on their outside from daily use, still hold traces of ancient residue on the inside. It is similar with some very old words in our language: they still carry the flavor of ancient concepts they conveyed in bygone centuries. Words dealing with respiration and spirits provide an example. Common human experience links breath to life and life to spiritual values. For the Judeo-Christian world, Genesis 2:7 exemplifies this link: "And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul." Here the Divine breath initiates life. Later, philosophers and physicians thought about this vital force, named it, and tried to identify it. In 1795, J. C. Reil, a German
Lingual factors enhance the increase of ornithine decarboxylase activity in rat jejunal mucosa after feeding
Authors: Chika Matsunaga, Kazuma Fujimoto, Ryuichi Iwakiri, Takanori Koyama, Shin-ichi Ogata, Yudai Gotoh, Shuzo Matsuo, Takahiro Sakai
Journal: Metabolism (1996)
Liposomal Encapsulation: Making Old and New Drugs Do New Tricks
Authors: D. E. Brenner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Poor therapeutic index has limited the administration and therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs. One solution is drug encapsulation in synthetic phospholipid vesicles. Liposomes provide two great advantages to the investigator: 1) flexibility in the formulation of the lipid membrane and 2) the opportunity to reformulate old drugs to do new tricks
Safety of amiodipine in severe heart failure: Reduction of sudden death in non-ischemic heart disease
Authors: Milton L. Pressler, Peter E. Carson, Alan B. Miller, John H. Wertheimer, Christopher M. O'Connor, Gerald W. Neuberg, David J. Frid, Robert N. Belkin, Anne B. Cropp
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Changes in gastric acid secretion assayed by endoscopic gastrin test before and after Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: K Iijima
Journal: Gut (2000)

It remains controversial whether or not Helicobacter pylori infection causes altered gastric acid secretion. A novel test for evaluating gastric acid secretion (endoscopic gastrin test; EGT) has recently been developed.To investigate by EGT the effects of H pylori eradication on the state of gastric acid secretion in patients with peptic ulcer.Twenty six patients with duodenal ulcer and 33 with gastric ulcer, for all of whom H pylori infection had been documented, were studied by EGT, histological examination of gastric mucosa, and measurement of plasma gastrin levels before and one and seven months after H pylori eradication.In patients with duodenal ulcer, the mean EGT value before H pylori eradication was higher than that in H pylori negative controls, but it had decreased significantly seven months after the treatment. In contrast, the mean EGT value of patients with gastric ulcer before H pylori eradication was lower than that in H pylori negative controls, but it had increased one month after the treatment; this was followed by a slight decrease at seven months. In both groups, mean EGT values seven months after the treatment were not significantly different from the mean control value.The reduced acid secretion in gastric ulcer patients and gastric acid hypersecretion in duodenal ulcer patients were both normalised after the clearance of H pylori.
Hydatid Disease in North Wales
Authors: O. M. Jonathan
Journal: BMJ (1960)

There appears, however, to be a factor common to both diseasesan aberration of carbohydrate meta- bolism.This finding may pave the way towards determining the missing factor which results in the development of malignancy.Such disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism may be the cause or result of benign glandular hyperplasia and may render the patient more liable to develop carcinoma, in a way similar to that whereby diabetes predisposes to certain infections.Underlying pituitary or adrenocortical dysfunction may be involved. SummaryStudies in glucose tolerance have been extended to embrace all cases with abnormal uterine bleeding at the time of the climacteric, both benign and malignant.Similar investigations are proceeding in other age- groups.The results have been correlated with the histological appearances of the endometrium.Conflicting reports have appeared in recent years with regard to the incidence of abnormal glucose tolerance in patients with carcinoma of the body of the uterus.Such cases were therefore investigated by glucose- tolerance tests and compared with control subjects of the same age-group (it is known that age has an important bearing on glucose tolerance).52 % of patients with cancer of the endometrium showed impaired glucose tolerance, compared with 22% in the control group.These figures, on analysis, are most significant statistically.Patients with proved benign glandular hyperplasia were similarly investigated and compared with controls (both normal subjects and patients with uterine bleeding due to other causes).The incidence of abnormal glucose tolerance (84%) in cases of benign glandular hyperplasia was found to be striking and much higher than in the two control groups and higher than in cases of cancer of the endometrium.These figures are very significant statistically.The possible significance of these findings is discussed.It is submitted that further research along these lines is warranted.Such studies may throw more light on problems such as (a) the alleged association between benign glandular hyperplasia and cancer of the endo- metrium, and (b) the unknown factors that determine the onset of benign hyperplasia and the development of malignancy in some of these cases.
THE EFFECT OF EPINEPHRIN IN CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE INDUCED BY SODIUM NITRITE
Authors: Robert W. Wilkins, Soma Weiss, Florence W. Haynes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1938)

Previous studies (1, 2) of vasomotor collapse induced by sodium nitrite in normal subjects in the upright position have revealed that the characteristic symptoms and signs of collapse are manifested by a fall in the arterial pressure, particularly the pulse pressure, as well as in the venous pressure. Further, the collapse is accompanied by an increase in arterial and arteriolar tone, but a decrease in venous tone. The blood flow through the hand is unchanged during the early stage of collapse as a result of compensatory vascular changes; later, however, there is a sharp fall in the blood flow which is followed by syncope. The manifestations and mechanism of this collapse are identical with those seen in disease. Since epinephrin is one of the agents commonly used in the treatment of collapse, it was decided to investigate the mode of action and the therapeutic efficacy of this drug in experimental nitrite collapse. Such a controlled study is of interest, because similar observations are not feasible in collapse occurring in patients who are gravely ill.
Sex difference in human mevalonate metabolism.
Authors: K R Feingold, M H Wiley, G L Searle, B K Machida, M D Siperstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Two pathways of mevalonate metabolism have been demonstrated: the major (sterol) pathway leads to cholesterol synthesis, whereas the second shunts mevalonate away from sterol production and ultimately results in its oxidation to CO2. Previous studies have demonstrated that the female rat metabolizes circulating mevalonate by the shunt pathway at twice the rate of the male, whereas the male rat converts significantly more circulating mevalonate to cholesterol than the female. The present study extends these observations to humans. Six men and five premenopausal women with normal renal function were injected with R,S-[5-14C]mevalonate, and 14CO2 expired in the breath of the subjects was monitored continuously with an ionization chamber. On an average, the female subjects expired 16.5% and the males 9.8% of the injected R-[5-14C]mevalonate (P less than 0.001). No differences were observed in the plasma and erythrocyte [14C]cholesterol levels. These data demonstrate, in human beings, a sex difference in mevalonate metabolism. The overall impact of the greater mevalonate shunt activity on cholesterol balance in women is unknown.
Pharmacokinetics of core-polymerized, boron-conjugated micelles designed for boron neutron capture therapy for cancer
Authors: Shogo Sumitani, Motoi Oishi, Tatsuya Yaguchi, Hiroki Murotani, Yukichi Horiguchi, Minoru Suzuki, Koji Ono, Hironobu Yanagie, Yukio Nagasaki
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)