tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BEACOPP chemotherapy is a highly effective regimen in children and adolescents with high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Kara M. Kelly, Richard Sposto, Raymond Hutchinson, Vickie Massey, Kathleen McCarten, Sherrie Perkins, Mark Lones, Doojduen Villaluna, Michael Weiner
Journal: Blood (2010)
Guidelines for training in intensive care medicine
Authors: J. L. Vincent, G. Baltopoulos, D. Bihari, L. Blanch, H. Burchardi, R. B. Carrington da Costa, D. Edwards, G. Iapichino, M. Lamy, F. Murillo, J. C. Raphael, P. Suter, J. Takala, L. G. Thijs
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1994)
Intravascular cooling for rapid induction of moderate hypothermia in severely head-injured patients: results of a multicenter study (IntraCool)
Authors: Juan Sahuquillo, Jon Pérez-Bárcena, Alberto Biestro, Elizabeth Zavala, Mari-Angels Merino, Anna Vilalta, Maria Antonia Poca, Angel Garnacho, Ramon Adalia, Javier Homar, Juan Antonio LLompart-Pou
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
P2Y<sub>12</sub> Inhibition in Patients with NSTEMI — Can Later Be Better?
Authors: John F. Keaney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Acute coronary syndrome is an umbrella term that is used to describe the abrupt reduction of blood flow to myocardial tissue, typically associated with the rupture of a coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Rupture exposes the blood to plaque contents, resulting in the deposition and activation of platelets and the formation of thrombi. Complete thrombotic occlusion produces ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, whereas incomplete impairment of coronary blood flow results in unstable angina or, when biomarkers for myocardial injury are present, non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Because the rupture of a plaque incites platelet activation and thrombosis, treatments for unstable angina and NSTEMI . . .
Long-term Outcomes of Young People Who Attempted Suicide
Authors: Jessica R. Grisham, Alishia D. Williams
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Effects of Lipomul, CCK, and TRH on Gallbladder Emptying
Authors: REX B. SHAFER, JULIA M. MARLETTE, JOHN E. MORLEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Tc-99m IDA compounds have been used in the quantitative analysis of motor function of the gallbladder. However, stimuli to provoke emptying have been variable and frequently nonphysiologic. To determine the utility and dependability of provocative agents for gallbladder emptying, we studied the effects of Lipomul®, CCK®, and TRH after the intravenous administration of Tc-99m disofenin. Computer processing of region-ofinterest over the gallbladder permitted time/activity analysis of each study and computation of the ejection fraction (EF). Results showed that Lipomul consistently produced an effect on gallbladder emptying (EF 16–42%). CCK, while more dramatic in response, was less predictable (EF 8–100%). TRH favored accumulation of activity and did not cause gallbladder emptying. The combination of CCK and TRH decreased the rate of gallbladder emptying produced by CCK alone. We conclude that the availability, low cost, and dependable effect on gallbladder emptying make Lipomul the gallbladder stimulant of choice for clinical use.
OC-090 Different effects of FODMAP (fermentable oligo-, di-, and mono-saccharides, and polyols) components on small bowel water content: an MRI study
Authors: K Murray, V Wilkinson-Smith, C Lam, C Hoad, E Cox, C Costigan, L Marciani, P Gowland, R Spiller
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> A randomised placebo controlled trial (RCT) has shown that FODMAPs exacerbate irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms in selected patients. FODMAPs are heterogeneous chemically, the major components being fructose and fructans. Both are poorly absorbed in the small bowel but fructose exerts a much greater osmotic effect than fructans which are fructose polymers. Whether this alters the overall impact is unknown. This study aims to test the hypotheses that (a) fructose will increase small bowel water content (SBWC) more than fructans; (b) adding glucose to fructose will reduce its effect, and (c) fructans will exert most of their effect as a result of colonic fermentation. <h3>Methods</h3> 4-way, randomised, single blind, crossover study. 16 healthy volunteers underwent abdominal scans in a 1.5T MRI scanner after an overnight fast. They were then fed 500 ml of water containing 40 g glucose, fructose, fructan or 40 g glucose plus 40 g fructose and underwent scanning and breath H<sub>2</sub> measurement and completed bowel symptom questionnaires at hourly intervals for 5 h. SBWC was measured from heavily T2 weighted magnetic resonance scans. 1-way analysis of variance was used. <h3>Results</h3> (Mean±SEM) All drinks were well tolerated with only minor symptoms of gas, bloating, abdominal pain and diarrhoea reported. Relative to glucose, fructose increased SBWC significantly (184±35 ml vs 118±24 ml glucose, p=0.001), while fructans had little effect (SBWC=119±23 ml, p=0.7 vs glucose). Adding 40 g glucose to 40 g fructose decreased SBWC (145±27 ml, but the difference was not significant, p=0.08 vs fructose). Breath H<sub>2</sub> was initially higher for fructose than the other three solutions. (AUC was 8959±1880 ppm.min) with fructans having the largest AUC at 14 987±2568 ppm.min). Values returned to baseline for fructose over the 5 h study, but increased to a maximum for fructan after 300 min. Glucose had no effect on breath H<sub>2</sub> concentration, but adding an equivalent amount to fructose significantly reduced breath H<sub>2</sub> relative to fructose alone (p=0.0006). <h3>Conclusion</h3> FODMAPs exert a variety of GI responses. Fructose but not fructans increases SBWC relative to glucose. Both fructose and fructans are malabsorbed as confirmed by breath H<sub>2</sub> measurements. Fructose malabsorption is significantly reduced by addition of glucose. These different gastrointestinal responses can be readily identified using our non-invasive MRI techniques. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Are some doctors more equal than others?
Authors: K. Patel
Journal: BMJ (2009)

What is a doctor worth? No, I’m not having a moment of existentialist angst. Forget that emotional claptrap, I’m talking about what really matters: money, moolah, cash, whatever you want to call it. “More than we’re paid,” is the usual, rather sullen, response.

This question is easy to answer. We all think we’re valuable and underappreciated. Some even think of themselves as indispensible.

Here’s a more difficult question, though, and many will disagree with my responses. Are some doctors worth more money than others? Well, no, if you look at national pay scales. …
MASSIVE HEMATURIA FOLLOWING USE OF HEPARIN IN CAVERNOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS
Authors: Irving L. Ershler
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Cavernous sinus thrombosis of the acute fulminating type has always been accompanied by an exceedingly high mortality. In reports of recoveries from this grave disease in the past, the accuracy of the diagnosis has frequently been open to question or criticism. Recently, however, well authenticated reports of recovery following the use of the sulfonamides have begun to filter into the current literature.  In 1940 Schall1successfully treated 3 cases of cavernous sinus thrombosis and 1 case of longitudinal sinus thrombosis with a combination of sulfathiazole and heparin. These cases were later reported in part by Lyons.2Morrison and Schindler3reported 1 case in which a cure was brought about by sulfapyridine alone, while the Wolfes4report still another recovery using sulfathiazole.  The case reported here, in addition to increasing the number of known recoveries, also presents some unique conditions not heretofore encountered. Massive hematuria has not
Axon-Glia Interactions and the Domain Organization of Myelinated Axons Requires Neurexin IV/Caspr/Paranodin
Authors: Manzoor A. Bhat, Jose C. Rios, Yue Lu, German P. Garcia-Fresco, William Ching, Mary St. Martin, Jingjun Li, Steven Einheber, Mitchell Chesler, Jack Rosenbluth, James L. Salzer, Hugo J. Bellen
Journal: Neuron (2001)
Conjugated Polymer Amplified Far‐Red/Near‐Infrared Fluorescence from Nanoparticles with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics for Targeted In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Dan Ding, Kai Li, Wei Qin, Ruoyu Zhan, Yong Hu, Jianzhao Liu, Ben Zhong Tang, Bin Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Fluorescence‐amplified far‐red/near‐infrared (FR/NIR) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized by co‐encapsulation of conjugated polymer donor (poly[9,9‐bis(2‐(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)fluorenyldivinylene]; PFV) and a fluorogen acceptor (2‐(2,6‐bis(( E )‐4‐(phenyl(4′‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)amino)styryl)‐4 H ‐pyran‐4‐ylidene)malononitrile; TPE‐TPA‐DCM) with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics using biocompatible bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the encapsulation matrix. The good spectral overlap and close proximity between PFV and TPE‐TPA‐DCM in BSA NPs result in a 5.3‐fold amplified TPE‐TPA‐DCM emission signal via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The obtained PFV/TPE‐TPA‐DCM co‐loaded BSA NPs are spherical in shape with a large Stokes shift of ∼223 nm and low cytotoxicity. The BSA matrix allows further functionalization with arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) peptide to yield fluorescent probes for specific recognition of integrin receptor‐overexpressed cancer cells. The advantage of PFV amplified FR/NIR signal from TPE‐TPA‐DCM is further demonstrated in cellular and in vivo imaging using HT‐29 colon cancer cells and a murine hepatoma H 22 tumor‐bearing mouse model, respectively. The high FR/NIR fluorescence and specific cancer targeting ability by RGD surface functionalization make the PFV/TPE‐TPA‐DCM co‐loaded BSA‐RGD NPs a unique FR/NIR fluorescent probe for cellular imaging and in vivo tumor diagnosis in a high contrast and selective manner.
Are "America's Best Hospitals" America's best?
Authors: C. A. Hill
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —We echo and endorse Dr Green and colleagues' 1 call for nationally representative databases with which to assess quality of care at American hospitals and an augmentation of funding for the provision of such data. Absent funding of the necessary magnitude, however, and believing that health consumers still need help in framing discussions with their physicians about quality issues, we have been compelled to forge ahead using a combination of secondary data sources and primary data collected from physicians.  Green et al agree that our conceptual framework is solid, but they question the choices made in operationalizing some of our subconstructs. We wish to point out that some of the supposed inadequacies noted by Green and colleagues were in fact remedied in the 1996 edition or will be changed in the 1997 version. 2 Specifically, we changed our incremental scoring method for the technology index, so that institutions are indeed
Recurrence factors studied by percutaneous transpepatic portography before and after endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varies
Authors: Yasuhiro Takase, Susumu Shibuya, Fumio Chikamori, Kazuo Orii, Yoji Iwasaki
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

High recurrence and rebleding rates have been reported when endocopic sclerotherapy has been performed on patients with esophageal varices. We studied the relationship between embolization range and recurrence rate in 26 patients in whom percutaneous transhepatic portography was carried out before and after sclerotherapy. Patients were divided into complete and incomplete embolization groups. The complete and incomplete embolization groups. The complete embolization group consisted of 16 patients whose esophageal varices had disappeared and in whom embolization of the feeders to the varices had occurred. The incomplete embolization group consisted of 10 patients whose esophageal varices had disappeared, but no embolization had occurred. Recurrence rates within 2 yr after the treatment were compared between complete and incomplete embolization groups. The recurence rates in the respective groups were 6.7% (1 of 15) and 70.0% (7 of 10), indicating a significant difference between the two groups (p &lt; 0.05) and indicating that embolization of both esophageal varices and their feeders is essential to lower the recurrence rate after sclerotherapy. (Hepatology 1990;11:348-352.)
Nicotine activates the chemosensory cation channel TRPA1
Authors: Karel Talavera, Maarten Gees, Yuji Karashima, Víctor M Meseguer, Jeroen A J Vanoirbeek, Nils Damann, Wouter Everaerts, Melissa Benoit, Annelies Janssens, Rudi Vennekens, Félix Viana, Benoit Nemery, Bernd Nilius, Thomas Voets
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2009)
Hydroxychloroquine and Risk of Diabetes in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mary Chester M. Wasko, Helen B. Hubert, Vijaya Bharathi Lingala, Jennifer R. Elliott, Michael E. Luggen, James F. Fries, Michael M. Ward
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Hydroxychloroquine, a commonly used antirheumatic medication, has hypoglycemic effects and may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus.To determine the association between hydroxychloroquine use and the incidence of self-reported diabetes in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.A prospective, multicenter observational study of 4905 adults with rheumatoid arthritis (1808 had taken hydroxychloroquine and 3097 had never taken hydroxychloroquine) and no diagnosis or treatment for diabetes in outpatient university-based and community-based rheumatology practices with 21.5 years of follow-up (January 1983 through July 2004).Diabetes by self-report of diagnosis or hypoglycemic medication use.During the observation period, incident diabetes was reported by 54 patients who had taken hydroxychloroquine and by 171 patients who had never taken hydroxychloroquine, with incidence rates of 5.2 per 1000 patient-years of observation compared with 8.9 per 1000 patient-years of observation, respectively (P < .001). In time-varying multivariable analysis with adjustments for possible confounding factors, the hazard ratio for incident diabetes among patients who had taken hydroxychloroquine was 0.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.92) compared with those who had not taken hydroxychloroquine. In Poisson regression, the risk of incident diabetes was significantly reduced with increased duration of hydroxychloroquine use (P < .001 for trend); among those taking hydroxychloroquine for more than 4 years (n = 384), the adjusted relative risk of developing diabetes was 0.23 (95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.50; P < .001), compared with those who had not taken hydroxychloroquine.Among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, use of hydroxychloroquine is associated with a reduced risk of diabetes.
How Often Is Medication Taken as Prescribed?
Authors: Joyce A. Cramer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The evaluation of the efficacy of medication is confounded when patients do not adhere to prescribed regimens. Overdosing, underdosing, and erratic dosing intervals can diminish drug action or cause adverse effects. Using a new method with epilepsy as a model, we assessed compliance with long-term medications among newly treated and long-term patients. Medication Event Monitor Systems (Aprex Corporation, Fremont, Calif) are standard pill bottles with micro-processors in the cap to record every bottle opening as a presumptive dose. Compliance rates averaged 76% during 3428 days observed: 87% of the once daily, 81% of the twice daily, 77% of the three times a day, and 39% of the four times a day dosages were taken as prescribed. Coefficients of variation of drug serum concentrations had no significant relationship to compliance rates. Pill counts overestimated compliance increasingly as compliance with the prescribed regimen declined. Neither drug serum concentrations nor pill counts would have identified the frequency of missed doses that were revealed with continuous dose observations.
Salmonella Enteritidis Septicaemia with Lung Abscess
Authors: I. M. Baird, L. Capper
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MBRm'sn Toxic EffectsVisual.-There were no serious toxic effects in our cases.Photophobia, or the " glare " phenomenon, particularly when the patient was out-of-doors, has been the most common manifestation, although this has occurred only in adults.There was no evidence of intrinsic eye changes.In no case was it necessary to discontinue treatment on this account, and the condition appeared tc-occur irrespective of dosage.Blood.-White cell counts and haemoglobin estimations were done at monthly intervals.We had decided that if the count fell below a total of 4,000 white cells we would stop the drug.This occurred in one case, and the count improved considerably after the tridione had been dis- continued.Lennox lays down that a white count of below 4,000, with polymorphonuclears less than 40% or number- ing less than 1,600, are indications for at least temporary discontinuance of medication.The haemoglobin remained normal except in one case with a reduction to 60% ; there was no evidence that the diminution was due to the tridione.Skin.-Two children developed a morbilliform eruption, one having in addition a severe stomatitis, presumably due to the drug; the blood picture was normal.The condition cleared up shortly after tridione was discontinued.Gums.-There was no effect on the gums, such as the hyperplasia that follows epanutin administration.Ataxia.-There was no case in which tridione could be incriminated.
Quantitative HOX expression in chromosomally defined subsets of acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: HA Drabkin, C Parsy, K Ferguson, F Guilhot, L Lacotte, L Roy, C Zeng, A Baron, SP Hunger, M Varella-Garcia, R Gemmill, F Brizard, A Brizard, J Roche
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
Erythrokeratolysis hiemalis—Keratolytic winter erythema or 'Oudtshoorn Skin'.
Authors: G. H. FINDLAY, J. G. L. MORRISON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

A new autosomal, dominantly inherited epidermal disorder is described in which a spreading dissection of the stratum corneum with redness of the palms and soles occurs as a result of a centrifugal necrobiosis of the Malpighian layer below it. Iis is seen characteristically in winter. In extensive cases the limbs and trunk are affected with gyrate scaling erythemas.
Insulin Treatment and High Risk Groups
Authors: John B O'Sullivan, Clare M Mahan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

A 16-yr prospective study of 615 gestational diabetic subjects, half of whom were randomly assigned to insulin therapy during pregnancy, is evaluated to report on the potential reduction in subsequent diabetes due to insulin therapy. No such difference in incidence rates was observed between the two groups. In the subsets of women managed with insulin who bore a baby of large birthweight or who had a family history of diabetes, subsequent decompensated diabetes was found to be significantly reduced. Both life table and multivariate analyses to adjust for the effects of age, weight, level of blood glucose at selection, duration of follow-up, and other potentially confounding covariables confirmed this conclusion. The finding suggests the possibility of long-term preventive benefits from insulin treatment in high risk subsets of women with gestational diabetes.
Antigen Shedding May Improve Efficiencies for Delivery of Antibody-Based Anticancer Agents in Solid Tumors
Authors: Youngshang Pak, Yujian Zhang, Ira Pastan, Byungkook Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Recombinant immunotoxins (RIT) are targeted anticancer agents that are composed of a targeting antibody fragment and a protein toxin fragment. SS1P is a RIT that targets mesothelin on the surface of cancer cells and is being evaluated in patients with mesothelioma. Mesothelin, like many other target antigens, is shed from the cell surface. However, whether antigen shedding positively or negatively affects the delivery of RIT remains unknown. In this study, we used experimental data with SS1P to develop a mathematical model that describes the relationship between tumor volume changes and the dose level of the administered RIT, while accounting for the potential effects of antigen shedding. Cancer Res; 72(13); 3143–52. ©2012 AACR.
Textbook of Bacteriology
Authors: L. P. Garrod
Journal: BMJ (1967)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is used to quantify gene expression and require standardization with reference genes. We sought to identify the reference genes best suited for experiments that induce osteogenic differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. They were cultured in an undifferentiated maintenance medium and after confluence, further cultured in an osteogenic differentiation medium for 28 days. RT-qPCR was performed on undifferentiation markers, osteoblast and osteocyte differentiation markers, and reference gene candidates. The expression stability of each reference gene candidate was ranked using four algorithms. General rankings identified TATA box binding protein (TBP) in the first place, followed by transferrin receptor (TFRC), ribosomal protein large P0 (RPLP0), and finally, beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), which was revealed as the least stable. Interestingly, universally used GAPDH and ACTB were found to be unsuitable. Our findings strongly suggest a need to evaluate the expression stability of reference gene candidates for each experiment.
Identification of renal Cd36 as a determinant of blood pressure and risk for hypertension
Authors: Michal Pravenec, Paul C Churchill, Monique C Churchill, Ondrej Viklicky, Ludmila Kazdova, Timothy J Aitman, Enrico Petretto, Norbert Hubner, Caroline A Wallace, Heike Zimdahl, Vaclav Zidek, Vladimir Landa, Joseph Dunbar, Anil Bidani, Karen Griffin, Nathan Qi, Martina Maxova, Vladimir Kren, Petr Mlejnek, Jiaming Wang, Theodore W Kurtz
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)