tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Integrin engagement regulates monocyte differentiation through the forkhead transcription factor Foxp1
Authors: Can Shi, Xiaobin Zhang, Zhiping Chen, Karina Sulaiman, Mark W. Feinberg, Christie M. Ballantyne, Mukesh K. Jain, Daniel I. Simon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The precise signals responsible for differentiation of blood-borne monocytes into tissue macrophages are incompletely defined. “Outside-in” signaling by integrins has been implicated in modulation of gene expression that affects cellular differentiation. Herein, using differential display PCR, we have cloned an 85-kDa forkhead transcription factor (termed Mac-1–regulated forkhead [MFH] and found subsequently to be identical to Foxp1) that is downregulated in β2-integrin Mac-1–clustered compared with Mac-1–nonclustered monocytic THP-1 cells. MFH/Foxp1 is expressed in untreated HL60 cells, and its expression was markedly reduced during phorbol ester–induced monocyte differentiation, but not retinoic acid–induced granulocyte differentiation. Overexpression of MFH/Foxp1 markedly attenuated phorbol ester–induced expression of c-fms, which encodes the M-CSF receptor and is obligatory for macrophage differentiation. This was accompanied by decreased CD11b expression, cell adhesiveness, and phagocytosis. Using electromobility shift and reporter assays, we have established that MFH/Foxp1 binds to previously uncharacterized sites within the c-fms promoter and functions as a transcriptional repressor. Deficiency of Mac-1 is associated with altered regulation of MFH/Foxp1 and monocyte maturation in vivo. Taken together, these observations suggest that Mac-1 engagement orchestrates monocyte-differentiation signals by regulating the expression of the forkhead transcription repressor MFH/Foxp1. This represents a new pathway for integrin-dependent modulation of gene expression and control of cellular differentiation.
798. Anti-Influenza-Viral Efficacy Attributed to siRNA Formulated as Simple Lipoplex or PEI Polyplexes Is a Result of Their Immunostimulatory Properties
Authors: Marjorie Robbins, Ellen Ambegia, Matthew Fedoruk, Lorne Palmer, Kevin McClintock, Adam Judge, Ian MacLachlan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

A number of groups have published reports of antiviral efficacy associated with the delivery of siRNA directed against the influenza virus using either lipoplex or polyplex mediated siRNA delivery. In order to assess the extent to which the immunostimulatory properties of siRNA may have contributed to these results we developed non- immunostimulatory analogues of the previously published NP1496 and PA2087 siRNA. siRNA were prepared containing minimal chemical modifications previously shown to abrogate immune stimulation while retaining the ability to mediate RNAi.
Abstract P4-13-12: Identifying women at increased risk for breast cancer using the electronic health record in an integrated health system
Authors: JB Leader, A Bengier, J Darer, A Stark, VG Vogel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Women at increased risk for breast cancer (BC) are eligible to take selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) to reduce their risk; Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of tamoxifen or raloxifene for BC risk reduction and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines for the use of SERMs recommend the two drugs for any woman over the age of 35 years with a 5-year risk of 1.67% or greater, but identifying those women can be both challenging and costly. We used an electronic database (Centricity RIS-IC) from the Geisinger Health System (GHS) Department of Radiology with 77,000 women ages 35–90 years to calculate 5-year and lifetime risks of developing invasive BC using National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Macro (BrCa RAM). BrCa RAM calculates risk based on patient age, number of biopsies, did a biopsy ever display atypical hyperplasia (Yes/No), age at menarche, age at first live birth, number of first degree relatives with breast cancer, and patient race. Demographic information (age, race, sex) was obtained from the electronic health record (EpicCare), pathology information (number of biopsies, atypical hyperplasia) was obtained from the pathology application (CoPath), and personal history (number of first degree relatives with breast cancer) were obtained from RIS. Age at menarche and age at first live birth could not be obtained, but makes a small relative contribution to the risk of BC. Sensitivity analysis explored implications of missing data; imputing ages for age at first live birth and age at menarche showed that the absence of this data did not overestimate the five-year and lifetime risks. There were 5,897 patients with calculated 5-year breast cancer risk 2; mean age was 65.8 years, mean 5-yr risk of BC = 3.05% (max 18.2%). The number of patients by 5-year risk score category were: risk 2–2.5% (n = 1728); 2.5%–3% (n = 3188); 3%+ (n = 981). There were 4,196 patients with a GHS primary care physician (PCP); 5,086 patients had seen any Geisinger physician within the past year; 4,113 women had seen their PCP in the past year. Only 239 patients ever received a prescription for tamoxifen or raloxifene, and some received raloxifene for prevention or treatment of osteoporosis and not for BC risk reduction. Only 40 were currently taking tamoxifen or raloxifene. These data from an integrated health system with an electronic health record validate the under-utilization of SERMs for primary BC risk reduction. Strategies are being designed to increase their use in GHS by using the risk score to identify the population and attempt to intervene using a risk modification clinical program. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-13-12.
Mitotane and Low Thyroxine Levels
Authors: ALAN SACERDOTE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters1 January 1981Mitotane and Low Thyroxine LevelsALAN SACERDOTE, M.D., NARINDER M. KUKAR, M.D., SHELDON J. BLEICHER, M.D., ANASTASIO HERRERA, M.D., FELIPE JUBAY JR., M.D.ALAN SACERDOTE, M.D., NARINDER M. KUKAR, M.D., SHELDON J. BLEICHER, M.D., ANASTASIO HERRERA, M.D., FELIPE JUBAY JR., M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-1-141 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the recently published article "Sustained Remission of Cushing's Disease with Mitotane and Pituitary Irradiation" by Schteingart and colleagues (1). We take exception to one point in their generally excellent report and analysis. They suggest that low thyroxine (T4) levels in mitotane-treated patients could be due to competitive binding of mitotane to thyroxine-binding globulin in the competitive protein binding assay.We wish to point out, first, that there would be no free mitotane in the patients' serum to interfere with the assay unless blood for T4 levels were drawn almost immediately after a dose....Reference1. SCHTEINGARTTSAOTAYLORMCKENZIEVICTORIATHERRIEN DHCARB. Sustained remission of Cushing's disease with mitotane and pituitary irradiation. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:613-9. LinkGoogle Scholar1. MARSHALLTOMKINS JL. Effect of op'DDD and similar compounds on thyroxine-binding globulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1968;28:386-92. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Brooklyn Hospital Brooklyn, NY 11201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMetabolic and Endocrine Toxicities of Mitotane: A Systematic ReviewMitotane treatment in patients with adrenocortical cancer causes central hypothyroidismA six month mitotane course induced sustained correction of hypercortisolism in a young woman with PPNAD and Carney complex 1 January 1981Volume 94, Issue 1Page: 141-141KeywordsBloodGlobulinsProteinsThyroxine Issue Published: 1 January 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effects of <i>all-trans</i> retinoic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate on the permeability of human skin <i>in vitro</i>
Authors: I. EFFENDY, S. WELTFRIEND, C. KWANGSUKSTITH, P. SINGH, H.I. MAIBACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Recent in vivo investigations have shown that pretreatment with topical all-trans retinoic acid (RA) may diminish the skin response to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). This study evaluated the permeation of SLS through human skin after pretreatment with RA, and vice versa, by in vitro methods. The permeability coefficient of SLS (3.24 +/- 0.21 x 10(3) cm/h) and the 24-h cumulative amount of SLS (3.41 +/- 0.6% of dose applied) permeating RA-pretreated skin did not differ significantly from those across untreated skin (control) (P > 0.05). In contrast, the permeability coefficient of RA (0.23 +/- 0.05 x 10(3) cm/h) and its 24-h cumulative amount (0.37 +/- 0.05% of dose applied) penetrating SLS-pretreated skin were significantly greater than those permeating untreated skin (P < 0.05). Thus, an increase in RA penetration was induced by SLS pretreatment; however, pretreating the skin with RA did not inhibit the percutaneous permeation of SLS. Based on previous in vivo findings where RA reduced skin reactions to SLS, one would speculate that RA pretreatment may decrease SLS penetration. However, these penetration data do not necessarily uphold this presumption. Perhaps, other interactions between the substances and the skin, e.g. at cellular levels, may be responsible for the differing skin responses.
Ambient Air Pollution and Risk of Congenital Anomalies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Martine Vrijheid, David Martinez, Sandra Manzanares, Payam Dadvand, Anna Schembari, Judith Rankin, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

We systematically reviewed epidemiologic studies on ambient air pollution and congenital anomalies and conducted meta-analyses for a number of air pollutant-anomaly combinations.From bibliographic searches we extracted 10 original epidemiologic studies that examined the association between congenital anomaly risk and concentrations of air pollutants. Meta-analyses were conducted if at least four studies published risk estimates for the same pollutant and anomaly group. Summary risk estimates were calculated for a) risk at high versus low exposure level in each study and b) risk per unit increase in continuous pollutant concentration.Each individual study reported statistically significantly increased risks for some combinations of air pollutants and congenital anomalies, among many combinations tested. In meta-analyses, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) exposures were related to increases in risk of coarctation of the aorta [odds ratio (OR) per 10 ppb NO₂ = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.36; OR per 1 ppb SO₂ = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13] and tetralogy of Fallot (OR per 10 ppb NO₂ = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02-1.42; OR per 1 ppb SO₂ = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05), and PM₁₀ (particulate matter ≤ 10 µm) exposure was related to an increased risk of atrial septal defects (OR per 10 μg/m³ = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28). Meta-analyses found no statistically significant increase in risk of other cardiac anomalies and oral clefts.We found some evidence for an effect of ambient air pollutants on congenital cardiac anomaly risk. Improvements in the areas of exposure assessment, outcome harmonization, assessment of other congenital anomalies, and mechanistic knowledge are needed to advance this field.
Acute adrenal crisis in asthmatics treated with high-dose fluticasone propionate
Authors: G.R.G. Todd, C.L. Acerini, J.J. Buck, N.P. Murphy, R. Ross-Russell, J.T. Warner, D.R. McCance
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Four cases of asthma (one adult, three children) developing acute adrenal crisis after introduction of high-dose inhaled fluticasone proprionate are presented. The three children, aged 7–9 yrs, had been prescribed inhaled fluticasone, dosage 500–2,000 µg·day −1 and duration 5 months–5 yrs. All presented with convulsions due to hypoglycaemia (blood glucose 1.3–1.8 mM). The fourth case was a male of 33 yrs with difficult-to-control asthma and had been taking fluticasone propionate 1,000–2,000 µg·day −1 for 3 yrs. He presented with fatigue, lethargy, nausea and postural hypotension. Acute adrenal crisis in each case was confirmed by investigations which included measurement of acute phase cortisol levels, short and long Synacthen stimulation tests and glucagon stimulation tests. Other cases of hypthoalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression were excluded.
Cytomegalovirus Infection Among Employees of a Children's Hospital
Authors: Barry Farr
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Pediatric nurses, suggested to be at risk for cytomegalovirus, were lumped together in the study by Balcarek et al<sup>1</sup>with other workers for whom there has been no suggestion of risk (eg, audiologists, electrocardiography technicians, and so on), and the study does not identify the numbers of infections or person-years of follow-up of nurses in this study, which would be useful to calculate a nurse-specific relative risk and confidence interval, to evaluate with previous studies, and to look for an anticipated decrease in nurses' risk after implementation of universal precautions.<sup>2</sup>Balcarek et al echo the epidemiologic criticism from our meta-analysis of the previous 12 cohort studies<sup>2</sup>for failing to provide information on potential confounding variables, but do not account for sexual activity and for presence of children in the home who attend day-care centers, two prominent cytomegalovirus risk factors. They suggest without data
Barrett's oesophagus: the continuing conundrum
Authors: T. J McGarrity
Journal: BMJ (2000)

papers p 1252 

In 1950 Barrett wrote a treatise to clarify confusion over oesophagitis which “connote[s] one thing to some people and something quite different to others.”1 He described gastric mucosa extending into the tubular oesophagus as the result of a congenitally shortened oesophagus. The presence of columnar lined epithelium in the oesophagus is now referred to as Barrett's oesophagus. It is associated with chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and an increased risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma.2 Quantifying this risk, and the best methods for early diagnosis, are still the subjects of considerable debate.

Endoscopically the distal end of the pearly white oesophagus is readily distinguished from the salmon red of the proximal stomach: the so called “Z line” or squamocolumnar junction. However, the location of the Z line may be difficult to identify in cases of intense inflammation, hiatal hernia, and stricture patients with oesophagitis. Extension of the Z line proximally—representing columnar replacement of the squamous epithelium of the distal oesophagus (Barrett's oesophagus)—is seen in 5-15% of patients with peptic oesophagitis.2 Historically one point of confusion has been whether a minimal length of columnar metaplasia is needed to qualify for the diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus: is it >2 cm, >3 cm, or >5 cm? In part, these arbitrary criteria were established to avoid “false positive” biopsies of intestinal metaplasia which often occur in the gastric …
Latchkey children and guns at home
Authors: R. K. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  In an ongoing telephone survey 1 in Texas, interviews (N = 1005; response rate, 70%) in the spring of 1989 included information about demographics and firearm ownership. All respondents who indicated that the household included an elementary school—aged  in the past 5 years were asked where the  stayed after elementary school dismissal. Those who answered at home alone or at home with an older child were considered to have unsupervised, ie, latchkey, children.  Almost 55% of households reported owning firearms. Among households with children, 54% had a firearm; of these, 70% reported having more than one gun and 66% had a handgun. For homes with both firearms and elementary school—aged children, 15% had an unsupervised  after elementary school dismissal.  The Texas firearm ownership figures are 10% higher than those reported nationally (45% in 1985). 2 Assuming that, as in Texas, the national prevalence of gun
B-cell depletion and remissions of malignancy along with cytokine-associated toxicity in a clinical trial of anti-CD19 chimeric-antigen-receptor–transduced T cells
Authors: James N. Kochenderfer, Mark E. Dudley, Steven A. Feldman, Wyndham H. Wilson, David E. Spaner, Irina Maric, Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Giao Q. Phan, Marybeth S. Hughes, Richard M. Sherry, James C. Yang, Udai S. Kammula, Laura Devillier, Robert Carpenter, Debbie-Ann N. Nathan, Richard A. Morgan, Carolyn Laurencot, Steven A. Rosenberg
Journal: Blood (2011)
Exemplary Report and Missed Opportunities
Authors: Russell E. Glasgow
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

In reading the recent report by Kirkman et al. (1), I was simultaneously impressed and troubled. I was impressed by the attempt of this important work to improve the quality of care among seven rural primary care practices. Their detailed reporting of both initial and long-term results, and of both quality of care and physiological outcomes, was impressive. Especially noteworthy was their inclusion of longer-term, 2-year data, which are seldom reported. Their candor in discussing the failure to maintain the initial performance improvements, as well as their insightful discussion of potential reasons for these findings and the characteristics of systems that successfully improve quality, are refreshing and informative.

I was troubled, however, by the findings concerning the smoking cessation counseling index. I was struck by the validity of the observations of Kuhn (2) and Anderson …
The Relationship of the Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c Levels with the Severity of the Coronary Artery Disease in Non-diabetic Stable Angina Patients
Authors: Hasan Kaya, Faruk Ertaş, Mustafa Oylumlu, Mehmet Ata Akıl, Zeki Şimşek, Sait Alan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The development of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in monozygotic twin girls
Authors: R.H.MEYRICK THOMAS, C.T.C. KENNEDY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

The development of vulval lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in monozygotic twins is described. This is the first report of the occurrence of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in two genetically identical individuals, and is considered to provide further evidence that inherited factors are of relevance in the aetiology of this disorder.
Effect of Ouabain on the Energy Output of Rabbit Cardiac Muscle
Authors: C. L. GIBBS, W. R. GIBSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

The effect of ouabain, 0.3 µg/ml, on the energy output of rabbit papillary muscles has been examined by a myothermic technique. The experiments were conducted at two temperature ranges, 19.2° to 22.8°C and 29.0° to 32.2°C, and both isometric and afterloaded isotonic contractions were studied. Temperature differences alone caused pronounced physiological changes, the higher temperature being associated with lower tension-independent heat and markedly higher active efficiency, external work /(external work + active heat production). The heat versus tension curve was rectilinear at higher temperatures but showed upward curvature at lower temperatures. At 19.2° to 22.8°C, ouabain increased the tension-independent heat by 23%, maximum tension development by 23%, and mean work output by 39%. Ouabain did not significantly alter the slope of the heat versus tension curve and increased mean efficiency only slightly. At 29° to 32.2°C, ouabain did not cause any significant change in the slope of the heat versus tension curve or in mean muscle efficiency. Ouabain produced significant increases in maximum tension development, mean work output, and the tension-independent heat. The effects of ouabain at the higher temperature were examined at two different calcium levels, 2.5 and 1.25 mM. In the isometric studies the effects of ouabain were independent of the calcium level, and the calcium level itself had no significant effect on the heat-tension relationship. In the isotonic studies, ouabain increased work output but more so at the 2.5 mM calcium level. Ouabain did not affect mechanical efficiency at either calcium level but muscle efficiency was higher at the 2.5 mM calcium level. It is concluded that any effects of the cardiac glycosides on energy expenditure are consequences of their inotropic actions and do not represent changes in the energy cost of contraction.
Cancer: Beliefs and Attitudes of Migrant Latinos
Authors: Paula M. Lantz
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —In their article Misconceptions About Cancer Among Latinos and Anglos, Dr Perez-Stable and associates 1 present evidence that misconceptions about cancer are more common among Latinos than Anglos enrolled in a large health maintenance organization (HMO), and that many of the prevalent attitudes among Latinos fit a cultural theme of fatalismo . Latino migrant farmworkers face many cultural and socioeconomic barriers to effective cancer control. 2,3 In addition, migrant farmworkers' exposure to agrichemicals places them at increased risk for a variety of acute and chronic conditions, including cancer. 4 With funding from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 5 we conducted a survey of Latino migrant farmworkers to assess cancer-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices. As part of our research effort, we compared the level of myth and misconception in a poor and medically underserved Latino migrant population with the previously published results for Latino and Anglo
Eating Out at Restaurants With Children and Teens
Authors: Megan A. Moreno, Fred Furtner, Frederick P. Rivara
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Today's children are increasingly eating food away from home, including eating at full-service and fast-food restaurants. Concerns have been raised that this increase in eating at fast-food restaurants has taken place at the same time as the increase in obesity across the country.
Cucaine in Acute Affections of the Upper Respiratory Passages
Authors: J. Strahan
Journal: BMJ (1885)

The coincidence that, both in the case related above and in De Haen's case, the patient was periodically subject to abdominal pains, associated in the first with a constricting sensation, in the second with tympanites, may be noted as, perhaps; indicating that the intestine had not unfrequently slipped into the opening before the fatal incarceration took place.I am indebted to MIr. T.