tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dynamic hepatic scintigraphy in the screening of psoriatic patients for methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: P.M. McHENRY, E.A. BINGHAM, M.E. CALLENDER, P.B. DELVIN, M.D. O'HARA, W.R. FERGUSON, J.D. LAIRD, D. BURROWS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

We report the use of dynamic hepatic scintigraphy in the assessment of the hepatic status of psoriatic patients before and during methotrexate therapy. Eighty-seven paired dynamic scans and percutaneous liver biopsies were performed in 63 patients. The liver biopsies were graded according to Warin et al. with fibrosis of grade 2 or worse being a strong indication for withdrawal of methotrexate. The sensitivity of dynamic hepatic scintigraphy in detecting fibrosis of grade 2 or worse was 83.3% and the specificity was 81.5%. The predictive value of a normal scan for fibrosis of grade 0-1 was high (98.5%) although the predictive value of an abnormal scan for fibrosis of grade 2 or worse was low (25%). Dynamic hepatic scintigraphy may therefore offer a means to reduce the number of liver biopsies necessary in patients receiving methotrexate for psoriasis.
Electrophysiologic variables characterizing the induction of ventricular tachycardia versus ventricular fibrillation after myocardial infarction: Relation between ventricular late potentials and coupling intervals for the induction of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Antoni Martinez-Rubio, Mohammad Shenasa, Martin Borggrefe, Xu Chen, Frank Benning, Günter Breithardt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Only 15% of young men in England were tested for chlamydia last year despite recommendations
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Only a third of local authorities are reaching the recommended levels for chlamydia screening, the latest data from Public Health England have shown.1

National guidance recommends that sexually active under 25 year olds should be screened for chlamydia every year, and on changing their sexual partner. In 2013 over 1.7 million chlamydia tests were carried out in England among young people aged 15 to 24, and more than 139 000 chlamydia diagnoses were made.

The figures showed that only 15% of young men and 35% of young women were tested for chlamydia in England in 2013, and the data showed wide variation across the country in the …
Anomalous Cord From the Raphe of a Congenitally Bicuspid Aortic Valve to the Aortic Wall Producing Either Acute or Chronic Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Travis J. Vowels, Gonzalo V. Gonzalez-Stawinski, Jong M. Ko, Gregory D. Trachiotis, Brad J. Roberts, Charles S. Roberts, William C. Roberts
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Collagen VIII Is Expressed by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Response to Vascular Injury
Authors: Nicholas E. S. Sibinga, Lauren C. Foster, Chung-Ming Hsieh, Mark A. Perrella, Wen-Sen Lee, Wilson O. Endege, E. Helene Sage, Mu-En Lee, Edgar Haber
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

To identify genes involved in vascular remodeling, we applied differential mRNA display analysis to the rat carotid artery balloon injury model. One polymerase chain reaction product showing increased expression at days 2 to 14 after vascular injury was nearly identical to the mouse alpha 1 chain of type VIII collagen, a heterotrimeric short-chain collagen of uncertain function expressed by a limited number of cell types. By Northern analysis, expression of both chains of the type VIII collagen heterotrimer increased: collagen alpha 1 (VIII) mRNA expression was almost 4-fold higher than control by 7 days after vascular injury, and collagen alpha 2 (VIII) mRNA expression reached a maximum of almost 6-fold above baseline by 3 days after injury. By immunohistochemical analysis, type VIII collagen expression increased in the media and neointima in a localized pattern consistent with the distribution of activated dedifferentiated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cultured VSMCs expressed higher levels of type VIII collagen in response to serum and growth factors, notably platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. VSMCs adhered significantly less to type VIII collagen than to type I collagen substrata and showed greater PDGF-BB-stimulated migration (by 2.2-fold) on type VIII collagen than on type I collagen. We hypothesize that increased expression of type VIII collagen by VSMCs after arterial injury may contribute to vascular remodeling through the promotion of VSMC migration.
Directional atherectomy versus balloon angioplasty for coronary ostial and nonostial left anterior descending coronary artery lesions: Results from a randomized multicenter trial
Authors: James D. Boehrer, Stephen G. Ellis, Karen Pieper, David R. Holmes, Gordon P. Keeler, Darrell Debowey, Anthony T. Chapekis, Fred Leya, Michael R. Mooney, Ronald S. Gottlieb, Patrick W. Serruys, Robert M. Califf, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Elliott Carr Cutler and the Cloning of Surgeons
Authors: Earle W. Wilkins
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Biographies historically are written by scholars following intensive research, years, even centuries, after the life of the subject person. Less often are they written by an author who not only has lived in the lifetime of that subject but has worked long hours side by side with him. Who would be more qualified to record the story of Dr Elliott Cutler than his first chief resident at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (September 1, 1932), colleague for 15 additional years, and friend—Dr Robert M. Zollinger? This is the life account of a distinguished surgeon, teacher, and pioneer, divided into three parts: his early surgical career at the Lakeside Hospital in Cleveland, with eyes clearly trained on an appointment succeeding the renowned Dr Harvey Cushing in Boston; his 15 years at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, tragically shortened by his death from cancer at age 59; and the interregnum years of
Psychological therapies recommended for eating disorders
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

People with eating disorders should have prompt access to a range of psychological therapies and be treated as outpatients as much as possible, according to a new guideline.

For the first time psychological interventions such as cognitive behaviour therapy, analytic therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy are recommended as first line treatments in an evidence based guideline from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE).

The guidance on eating disorders advocates a holistic approach in caring for people with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and less common eating disorders such as binge eating. Families …
Therapy of “the Neurotic Edema”
Authors: Virginia H. Donaldson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Episodic swellings of hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) are apparently secondary to deficient function of serum inhibitor of C1 esterase, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in this syndrome. As another consequence of deficient inhibitor function, the behavior of the first component of complement, C1, is poorly regulated and its activation is strikingly enhanced during bouts of HANE so forming free C1 esterase in plasma.1,2 Normally, if C1 in plasma were converted to C1 esterase, its enzymatic activity would be obscured by the inhibitor. Frank et al. report in this issue of the Journal that episodes of HANE may be prevented . . .
Thermal Dilution Curves in the Intact Animal
Authors: ALLAN V. N. GOODYER, ANDREW HUVOS, WILLIAM F. ECKHARDT, ROBERT H. OSTBERG
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

The acceptance of thermal dilution curves for the estimation of cardiac output has been discouraged by unconvincing comparisons with the Fick method and by the possibility of the loss of "indicator" to the tissues of the central circulation. The present studies were undertaken to examine the technical and physiologic factors affecting thermal curves, with particular reference to tissue heat exchanges, and to provide adequate data for estimating the usefulness of the thermal curves for simultaneous measurements of right and left ventricular outputs.
Effects of Obesity and Weight Loss on the Functional Properties of Early Outgrowth Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Nana-Maria Heida, Jan-Peter Müller, I.-Fen Cheng, Maren Leifheit-Nestler, Vivien Faustin, Joachim Riggert, Gerd Hasenfuss, Stavros Konstantinides, Katrin Schäfer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Case of Enormous Steatoma, Removed from the Shoulder
Authors: E. Daniell
Journal: BMJ (1844)

CASE, OF STEATOMA.oan Ae dura.matercompletely gorged with very dark treely blood; the sinuses were also gorged; the sub- state of the brain and cerebellum was healthy; no extr fluid in the ventricles.On laying open the thorax we foid the right lung with the exception of a portion tb&sir of the palm of a small hand, completely hepa-
Cutaneous protothecosis: report of five cases
Authors: S-C. Chao, M.M-L. Hsu, J.Y-Y. Lee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Prototheca, a genus of achlorophyllic algae, is a rare cause of opportunistic infection in humans. About 80 human cases, mostly cutaneous infection caused by P. wickerhamii, have been reported world-wide. We describe the clinicopathological findings and treatments of five cases diagnosed in our department during the period 1991–97. The patients, including four elderly farmers, presented with pyoderma-like lesions or infiltrating papules and plaques on the extensor side of the extremities or face. All patients were immunocompromised, mostly due to systemic or topical steroids. The diagnosis was made in each case by finding typical endospores with morula-like structures in skin biopsy specimens. P. wickerhamii was isolated in four cases in which pretreatment culture of skin tissue was done. Except for one patient who died of asthma, the infection was cured after 2–7 weeks of amphotericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole or fluconazole. Our cases illustrate that cutaneous protothecosis commonly manifested non-tender, pyoderma-like or infiltrating lesions and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of deep fungal or mycobacterial infection. This rare infection seemed more frequent in our region, possibly due in part to common steroid abuse among old people in Taiwan and there was a large population of elderly farmers in our area.
pH‐Responsive Reversible PEGylation Improves Performance of Antineoplastic Agent
Authors: Diankui Sun, Jianxun Ding, Chunsheng Xiao, Jinjin Chen, Xiuli Zhuang, Xuesi Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

The reversible PEGylation endows antitumor drugs with various fascinating advantages, including prolonged circulation time in blood, enhanced accumulation in tumor tissue, increased cellular uptake, and promoted intracellular drug release, to improve the therapeutic efficacy and security. Here, the obtained succinic anhydride (SA)-functionalized DOX (SAD) (i.e., insensitive succinic anhydride-functionalized doxorubicin (DOX)) and aconitic anhydride (CA)-modified DOX (CAD) (i.e., acid-sensitive cis-aconitic anhydride-modified DOX) are conjugated to the terminal of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) yielding the unresponsive SAD-PEG-SAD and pH-responsive CAD-PEG-CAD prodrugs, respectively. The prepared prodrugs can self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solution. Both micelles are sufficiently stable at normal physiological pH (i.e., 7.4), while CAD-PEG-CAD micelle gradually swells and finally disassembles at intratumoral (i.e., 6.8) and especially endosomal pHs (i.e., 5.5). DOX release from CAD-PEG-CAD at pH 7.4 is efficiently inhibited, whereas it is significantly accelerated by the rapid cleavage of amide bond at pH 5.5. In addition, CAD-PEG-CAD exhibits more efficient cellular uptake and potent cytotoxicity in vitro, as well as improved tissue distribution and superior tumor suppression in vivo than free DOX and SAD-PEG-SAD. More importantly, the PEGylated DOX exhibits favorable security in vivo. In brief, the smart CAD-PEG-CAD with enhanced antitumor efficacy and decreased side effects shows as a promising powerful platform for the clinical chemotherapy of malignancy.
Delayed-Onset Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Cerebral Thrombosis after a Single Administration of Unfractionated Heparin
Authors: Theodore E Warkentin, Richard A Bernstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The current pace of genetic research will produce many new genetic tests.Given this changing environment, clinicians need sources of information that provide comprehensive and unbiased information about genetic testing.It is a challenge to develop and maintain such data bases, because they require contributions from experts with diverse expertise, sophisticated search mechanisms, and a commitment to regular updating.We believe the publicly funded GeneTests-GeneClinics Web site is the best current source of information about genetic testing and one that will be of increasing value to clinicians as more genetic tests become available.For this reason, it was cited as a source in the review article.Drs. Spanier and Bruno express concern about the completeness of this Web resource, because they did not locate information about genetic tests for hereditary pancreatitis when they searched for it.However, several tests for hereditary pancreatitis are listed in the "Laboratory Directory" section of the Web site.Drs.Spanier and Bruno may have initiated their search in the GeneReviews section of the Web site; if so, they received a "failed search" message, reflecting the lack of an expert review on hereditary pancreatitis.Although the Web site has the long-term goal of providing detailed expert reviews (GeneReviews) for all genetic conditions of clinical interest, this goal has not yet been reached.Nevertheless, the screen indicating that the search had failed also offered the opportunity to search the Laboratory Directory, where tests for hereditary pancreatitis are listed.In addition, the Laboratory Directory can be reached from the home page of the Web site.The comments by Drs.Spanier and Bruno are in keeping with other feedback indicating that the search mechanisms for GeneTests-GeneClinics could be improved.Changes have been instituted, and visitors to the site should find genetic testing information easier to locate as a result.
Sensitization to inhalant allergens in wheezing infants is predictive of the development of infantile asthma
Authors: C. Delacourt, D. Labbé, A. Vassault, D. Brunet‐Langot, J. de Blic, P. Scheinmann
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Early recognition of infantile asthma in wheezing infants is a major problem for physicians. We investigated whether detection of early Sensitization to inhalant allergens would be useful to identify those wheezing infants who are likely to develop asthma. A total of 67 infants (aged 1–25 months) hospitalized for a wheezing episode were initially tested for reactivity to inhalant allergens by both skin prick test and in vitro measurement of specific IgE antibodies (Phadiatop®). Thirty‐seven of the infants were already considered to have infantile asthma, and 30 presented only their first or second wheezing episode when included in the study. All infants were followed for a mean period of 18 months. Seventeen (25%) infants, including seven infants initially not asthmatic, had positive prick test to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or to cat fur. All of these children were diagnosed as suffering from infantile asthma at the end of the follow‐up. Thus, skin test positivity to inhalant allergens was significantly associated with the diagnosis of infantile asthma ( P &lt;0.05) and could be considered to be predictive of the development of infantile asthma ( P &lt;0.03). In contrast, Phadiatop was less sensitive than skin prick tests, and only five children had positive in vitro test results, suggesting that specific IgE may primarily bind to tissue mast cells before being detectable in serum. We concluded that Sensitization to inhalant allergens may distinguish wheezing infants who develop asthma from those who do not, and that skin testing may assist the early diagnosis of asthma in wheezing infants.
Standardised chart would help NHS reduce prescribing errors
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A medical royal college wants to see a standardised prescribing chart introduced in hospitals across the United Kingdom to help reduce potentially fatal prescribing errors.

The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh has found that local, non-standardised charts are still in use in Scottish hospitals and is concerned that these contribute to prescribing errors and compromise the safety of patients. It has called on …
Mechanical Dyssynchrony Assessed by Tissue Doppler Imaging Is a Powerful Predictor of Mortality in Congestive Heart Failure With Normal QRS Duration
Authors: Goo-Yeong Cho, Jae-Kwan Song, Woo-Jung Park, Sung-Woo Han, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Young-Cheoul Doo, Dong-Jin Oh, Yung Lee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
P507DPP-4 inhibition is cardioprotective and restores pancreatic function in obese, insulin resistant rats
Authors: B Huisamen, A Genis, E Marais, H Strijdom
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Therapy based on GLP-1 is currently one of the most promising treatments for type 2 diabetes, also because GLP-1 is cardioprotective in animals and humans. Because GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP-4), research focused on DPP-4 inhibitors to raise levels of GLP-1 which are attenuated in type 2 diabetes. We aimed to determine the effect of treatment of obese, pre-diabetic rats presenting with cardiovascular pathology, with a DPP-4 inhibitor (PFK275-055) on (i) cardioprotection, (ii) glucose homeostasis and (iii) pancreatic function.

Methods: Obesity was induced in Wistar rats (DIO) by supplementing the diet with sucrose and condensed milk for 12 weeks where after half of control-fed & DIO rats were treated orally with 10mg/kg/day PFK275-055. After 4 weeks animals were sacrificed, trunk blood collected for biochemical analyses, body weight and intra peritoneal (IP) fat weight recorded, pancreata harvested and isolated hearts perfused. Langendorff perfused hearts were subjected to regional ischaemia/reperfusion to determine infarct development. The kinase profile during reperfusion was established in snap-frozen tissue using standard Western blotting techniques. Ventricular myocytes were prepared (standard collagenase perfusion) to determine insulin sensitivity via [3H]-2-deoxyglucose accumulation.

Results: GLP-1 levels: attenuated in DIO and restored after DPP-4 treatment. Insulin levels: 49% higher in DIO and lowered by treatment. DIO suppressed pancreatic beta vs alpha cell ratio and the DPP-4 inhibitor partially corrected this. No effects on weight, IP fat or blood glucose levels were observed. Infarct size: DIO animals: 47.7±4.6% infarct of area at risk vs control = 30.0±3.7% and DIO treated = 29.8±3.1%; P<0.05, n=6. The ratio of phospho/total PKB/Akt and ERK42 was attenuated in DIO and improved after treatment. DIO resulted in a blunted glucose uptake response induced by insulin stimulation but this was not improved after treatment with PFK275-055.

We conclude that treatment of prediabetic animals with a DPP-4 inhibitor elevated GLP-1 levels, improved glucose homeostasis, restored pancreatic function, and was cardioprotective.
CD19 as a Membrane-Anchored Adaptor Protein of B Lymphocytes: Costimulation of Lipid and Protein Kinases by Recruitment of Vav
Authors: Lorraine M O'Rourke, Reuben Tooze, Martin Turner, David M Sandoval, Robert H Carter, Victor L.J Tybulewicz, Douglas T Fearon
Journal: Immunity (1998)
Green-Tobacco Sickness
Authors: Stephen H. Gehlbach
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Tobacco-associated occupational illness occurs regularly in North Carolina tobacco fields. Green-tobacco sickness is a self-limited illness characterized by pallor, vomiting, and prostration. It occurs principally in young men who handle uncured tobacco leaves in the fields. A survey among 53 harvesters who had had green-tobacco sickness and 49 control harvesters was undertaken to define and quantify the symptom complex. The illness was correlated with cropping (picking) the tobacco while it was wet; the absorption of nicotine from the tobacco leaf is the probable cause. Cigarette smoking affords protection against the illness.  (JAMA229:1880-1883, 1974)
Absorption Characteristic of Breakfast Determines Insulin Sensitivity and Carbohydrate Tolerance for Lunch
Authors: John E Nestler, Cornelius O Barlascini, John N Clore, William G Blackard
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

To test the hypothesis that prolonging absorption of breakfast might improve the glucose tolerance of the subsequent meal served at lunch, normal male volunteers were administered the same carbohydrate in either a rapidly absorbed (sucrose, S) or slowly absorbed (sucrose with guar, S + G) form for breakfast (0800) and lunch (1145). Area under the curve (AUC) for glucose did not differ for S at breakfast vs. S + G at breakfast, although AUCinsulin for S at breakfast was greater than that for S + G at breakfast (3389 ± 608 vs. 1523 ± 246 μU · min · ml−1, P &amp;lt; .002). Plasma glucose and insulin profiles for the two breakfast meals differed markedly. Once S was ingested, plasma glucose and insulin returned to baseline after 120 and 160 min, respectively. However, once S + G was ingested, plasma glucose and insulin were still significantly above baseline values after 180 min. When S was eaten for breakfast, AUCgiucose for lunch was similar to that for breakfast, regardless of whether lunch consisted of S or S + G. However, if S + G was eaten for breakfast, AUCglucose for S + G or S at lunch was 44% (P &amp;lt; .005) and 75% of that for breakfast, respectively. Only one of five subjects who ingested S + G for breakfast failed to exhibit a fall in AUCglucose when S was eaten for lunch. The beneficial effect of prolonged absorption of breakfast on the glucose tolerance of lunch was not observed if the timing of lunch was delayed by 2 h (i.e., served at 1345). These observations suggest that in normal humans, prolonged absorption of breakfast results in prolonged elevation of plasma insulin levels and enhanced insulin sensitivity at lunch, thereby improving carbohydrate tolerance for lunch.