tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P2-04-05: Pros and cons of breast cancer screening: Knowledge in lay women
Authors: J-F Morère, X Pivot, C Touboul, J Viguier, J-Y Blay, Y Coscas, C Lhomel, F Eisinger
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: It has been more than 20 years since local initiatives were proposed and 8 years since national organized breast cancer screening (BCS) (nationwide coverage) was implemented in France. It was associated with mass media and professional information for women with the aim of increasing the participation rate. The current reported coverage rate for women aged 50-74 every other year is about 80%. However the fairness of the process had not yet been assessed. It appears that having information about the pros and cons of BCS is thus a critical issue for targeted women. Methodology: A nationwide observational study, recorded in the EDIFICE iterative surveys, with a representative sample of 451 women living in France aged 40-75 years old, was carried out in January 2013, using the quota method. The survey questionnaire was conducted using a computer-assisted telephone interviewing technique (CATI) 3 months after the beginning of a worldwide controversy spread by the mass media on BCS. Results: The vast majority of women are reassured by BCS (74% vs. 13%). However 39% reported that they were stressed by BCS, with the main reason being fear of the results (30%) rather than the examination itself (9%). The main-reported benefits consisted of early detection of BC (38%), increased cure rate (22%) and preventing breast cancer (10%). The main reported limitations are a long period between two examinations (21%), starting too late (19%) and not being reliable enough (14%). A few people spontaneously reported screening-related risks (14%); the main risk being radiation-induced cancer (6%) false positives, over diagnosis and over treatment (5%). 18% have already heard about over diagnosis. With early detection of BC, 79% of women think that they will have only loco regional treatment, 3% think they will avoid major surgery, and only 10% of them think they will still have systemic treatment. Conclusion: Overall women have a fair level of knowledge about the pros and cons of BCS. They are generally confident in BCS, but they underestimate its limitations and adverse effects, and have a lack of knowledge about the impact of BCS on therapeutic management. This appears to be a target for the next step in women: delivering honest and relevant information about BCS. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-04-05.
Keratinocytes resident in normal human skin constitutively express, at low levels, the intercellular adhesion molecule-1. An<i>in situ</i>immunoelectronmicroscopy study
Authors: A. LONATI, M.A. MOMMAAS, G. PASOLINI, A. LAVAZZA, B.J. VERMEER, G. DE PANFILIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) on keratinocytes (KC) was previously demonstrated in biopsies from various inflammatory skin lesions. KC were, however, found virtually ICAM‐1 negative, in normal skin, when the same immunocytochemical techniques were employed. By contrast, epithelial cells resident in different organs constitutively express ICAM‐1, albeit weakly. The aim of the present study was to use an immunostaining system more sensitive than the conventional immunocytochemistry, namely the in situ immunogold labelling of ultracryosections, to investigate the constitutive ICAM‐1 expression by resting KC in normal skin, in vivo. The semiquantitative analysis performed on 500 resident KC, visualized within tissue ultracryosections of normal human skin, revealed that gold granules were present along the cell membrane in a small percentage (14·6%) of resident KC. The density of gold particles (10 nm sized) observed on the cell surface per KC section was as scarce as 13·72 ± 4·6 (mean ± standard deviation), although highly significant when compared with controls (P < 0·005). This indicates the presumably low expression of ICAM‐1 moieties on the plasma membrane of this KC subset. This ICAM‐1 expression could be important in modulating the trafficking to and from normal epidermis of migrating Langerhans cells and occasional leucocytes. The fact that the ICAM‐1 expression on KC in normal skin is limited can be considered favourable, because it can account for the prevention of inappropriate KC/leucocyte interactions in the resting cutaneous environment.
Pulmonary sequestration supplied by a coronary artery
Authors: G M Hunninghake
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Pulmonary sequestration supplied by a coronary artery A 59 year old woman presented with chest tightness radiating to her back and shortness of breath.The ECG and cardiac enzymes were consistent with an acute apical inferior myocardial infarction.Her past medical history was significant for a 47 year history of four episodes of pneumonia with haemoptysis.She carried a diagnosis of a ''lung scar''.A previous CT scan of the thorax showed cystic changes in the left lower lobe posterior segment (fig 1).At cardiac catheterisation, in addition to a 70% proximal left anterior descending artery lesion, a large torturous vessel was noted arising from the left circumflex coronary artery and supplying the left lower lobe of the lung (fig 2A andB).Bronchoscopic examination revealed normal left lower lobe basilar segment anatomy and a thoracic MRI scan revealed no other abnormal arterial connections to the left lower lobe.The patient was referred to thoracic surgery for resection.This entity has been described in the literature 11 times previously with a mean age at presentation of 59.5 years.In the majority of cases it arises from the left circumflex or right coronary artery. 1 2
Detection of Residual Myocardial Function in Coronary Artery Disease Using Post-extra Systolic Potentiation
Authors: STEPHEN H. DYKE, PETER F. COHN, RICHARD GORLIN, EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Improved global or segmental wall motion following revascularization suggests potential reversibility of ischemic left ventricular dysfunction in coronary artery disease (CAD). This study evaluates the effectiveness of post-extra systolic potentiation (PESP) to detect latent residual contractile function. Quantitative left ventriculography was performed in 15 patients with CAD (including seven with significant asynergy) and in three normal controls. During the ventriculogram, a single extra-systole was introduced by an R-wave coupled stimulator (R-stimulus interval averaged 398 msec, with an average mA of 2.4). PESP improved segmental axis shortening in 51 of 55 normal axes and 15 of 17 hypokinetic or akinetic axes. It also increased both ejection fraction and mean rate of circumferential fiber shortening in 17 of 18 patients. No significant arrhythmia occurred with this technique. A single interposed beat with PESP in one ventriculogram is a safe, effective method to detect residual potential contractile function in myocardium that may be hypokinetic or akinetic under conditions of the study.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: Mournful, Hopeful Perpetual Motion Machine Heads to Dim Light at End of Tunnel
Authors: Lawrence H. Clouse
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Buyse and colleagues<sup>1</sup>thoroughly reviewed the extensive literature on randomized, controlled trials of adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal carcinoma. Coincidentally, this month the Southwest Oncology Group reported their fully mature adjuvant colorectal study,<sup>2</sup>seven years after the last patient accrual, and concluded that semustine and fluorouracil did not improve survival in treated patients compared with concurrent controls. It should be abundantly clear that adjuvant treatment for colorectal carcinoma with currently available drugs is a failure. It is not merely that we have yet to show a potential benefit; we have actually repeatedly and consistently<i>failed</i>to show a benefit sufficient to be meaningful to an individual patient. Indeed, few treatments in modern oncology have such a wealth of data documenting the futility of the approach. It is true that some trials have shown a tiny benefit for the adjuvant approach; however, even when a trial accrues
INCREMENTAL DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF DYNAMIC CT-BASED MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING FOR THE DETECTION OF HEMODYNAMIC RELEVANT CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS AS DETERMINED BY FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE
Authors: Alexander Becker, Fabian Bamberg, Martin Greif, Franz von Ziegler, Christoph Becker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Manual of Clinical Problems in Pulmonary Medicine
Authors: Jerry G. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The authors direct this manual to the "busy student, house officer or clinician who needs quick access to the clinical essentials of managing pulmonary disorders." Their stated purpose is to provide the reader with a concise framework with which to approach a clinical problem and to direct him to the relevant literature containing the basic framework. The text encompasses 489 pages and 110 subjects or items. Each subject treatment is followed by an annotated bibliography. Of necessity, the discussions are usually overviews that may be representative of the literature and emphasize the usual. The bibliography is intended to provide access to information on variances, controversy, or the unusual. The medical consumer might better devote his time to a classic authoritative textbook where the data base would be described sufficiently to detail controversy, limitations of knowledge, and therapy; the overall time to acquire the information this way might be shorter. On
Protein Molecules in Solution
Authors: IRVING M. KLOTZ
Journal: Circulation (1960)

A protein molecule in solution may undergo a host of interactions: with solvent, with small molecules and ions, with itself, with other macromolecules. In a physiologic milieu, all of these possibilities are present. A variety of interactions will occur. On the basis of the behavior of these substances in simple systems, reasonable guesses can often be made as to which interactions will predominate in a biologic environment.
Epidemiology of endometriosis in women attending family planning clinics.
Authors: M P Vessey, L Villard-Mackintosh, R Painter
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To describe the epidemiology of endometriosis in women attending family planning clinics with special reference to contraceptive methods. DESIGN--Non-randomised cohort study with follow up of subjects for up to 23 years. Disease was measured by first hospital admission rates since endometriosis can be diagnosed with accuracy only at laparotomy or laparoscopy. SETTING--17 family planning centres in England and Scotland. SUBJECTS--17,032 married white women aged 25-39 years at entry during 1968-74 who were taking oral contraceptives or using an intrauterine device or diaphragm. About 99% of the women approached agreed to participate and annual loss to follow up was about 0.3%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Diagnosis of endometriosis, age, parity, and history of contraceptive use. RESULTS--Endometriosis was significantly related to age, peaking at ages 40-44 (chi 2 for heterogeneity = 30.9, p &lt; 0.001). Endometriosis was not linked to duration of taking oral contraceptives. Nevertheless, the risk of endometriosis was low in women currently taking oral contraceptives (relative risk 0.4; 95% confidence interval 0.2 to 0.7), but higher in women who had formerly taken them (1.8; 1.0 to 3.1 in women who had stopped 25-48 months previously) compared with women who had never taken the pill. A similar pattern was seen for use of intrauterine devices (relative risk 0.4 (0.2 to 0.7) in current users and 1.4 (0.4 to 3.2) in users 49-72 months previously compared with never users). No association was found between endometriosis and use of the diaphragm. CONCLUSIONS--Oral contraceptives seem to temporarily suppress endometriosis. Endometriosis may be diagnosed late in women using intrauterine devices as pain and bleeding occur with both.
The gastric microbial community,<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>colonization, and disease
Authors: Miriam E Martin, Jay V Solnick
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

Long thought to be a sterile habitat, the stomach contains a diverse and unique community of bacteria. One particular inhabitant, Helicobacter pylori, colonizes half of the world’s human population and establishes a decades-long infection that can be asymptomatic, pathogenic, or even beneficial for the host. Many host and bacterial factors are known to influence an individual’s risk of gastric disease, but another potentially important determinant has recently come to light: the host microbiota. Although it is unclear to what extent H. pylori infection perturbs the established gastric microbial community, and H. pylori colonization seems generally resistant to disturbances in the host microbiota, it can modulate H. pylori pathogenicity. Interactions between H. pylori and bacteria at non-gastric sites are likely indirect—via programming of the pro-inflammatory vs. regulatory T lymphocytes—which may have a significant impact on human health.
Many states are ill prepared for infectious disease threats, report finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Many state public health programs lack the policies and capacity needed for effective prevention and control of outbreaks of infectious diseases, a new report concludes.1

The report, Outbreaks: Protecting Americans from Infectious Diseases , was prepared by the Trust for America’s Health, a non-partisan health policy organization, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, which focuses on health.

Although the federal government has a substantial role in providing public health services in the United States, the primary responsibility lies with the states, whose public health programs vary widely.

In the report researchers scored the 50 US states and the District of Columbia on whether they …
Phosphorylation of Immunity-Related GTPases by a Toxoplasma gondii-Secreted Kinase Promotes Macrophage Survival and Virulence
Authors: Sarah J. Fentress, Michael S. Behnke, Ildiko R. Dunay, Mona Mashayekhi, Leah M. Rommereim, Barbara A. Fox, David J. Bzik, Gregory A. Taylor, Benjamin E. Turk, Cheryl F. Lichti, R. Reid Townsend, Wei Qiu, Raymond Hui, Wandy L. Beatty, L. David Sibley
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)
COMPARISON OF DRUG-ELUTING STENTS FOR UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Doo Sun Sim, Youngkeun Ahn, Myung Ho Jeong, Young Jo Kim, Shung Chull Chae, Taek Jong Hong, In Hwan Seong, Jei Keon Chae, Chong Jin Kim, Myeong Chan Cho, Ki Bae Seung, Seung Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Coincidence or Correlation? A Note on the Embolic Theory of Chorea
Authors: S. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1876)

About ten years before I stated my opinion as to localisation in chorea, Dr.Russell Reynolds had fixed on the corpus striatum as the seat of the disease in chorea; so, thein, I have not to establish any claims to priority.As to the path- ology, Kirkes caine before me, and recently, as to localisation, Reynolds.Having regard to the great elaborateness of the movements in chorea, I still think it most probable that the convolutions are the parts diseased.+ Hitzig and Ferrier's conclusions are in harmony with that opinion.
Master's performance in the New York City Marathon 1983-1999
Authors: P Jokl, P M Sethi, A J Cooper
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Background: Physical activity in older people is believed to slow down the natural aging process through its effects on disuse atrophy. Objectives: To show that elite master (age above 50) male and female athletes, as a group, have improved their running times over the last two decades at a greater rate than their younger counterparts. Methods: Running time, age, and sex of all 415 000 runners in the New York City Marathon from 1983 to 1999 were examined using linear regression analysis. Results: The number of master participants increased at a greater rate than their younger counterparts (p&lt;0.05). Running times for the top 50 male and female finishers over the past two decades showed significantly greater improvement in the master groups than in the younger age groups (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Participation in the New York City Marathon is increasing at a higher rate in the master groups than in other age groups. Male and female masters continued to improve running times at a greater rate than the younger athletes, whose performance levels have plateaued. This is the largest study to compare master athletic performance with younger counterparts and men with women.
New South African HIV strategy targets condom use and miners
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The South African health ministry has set itself the goal of testing 15 million people for HIV by the end of year—nearly a third of its population of 50 million. In 2009 the number tested was 2.9 million.

The target is part of the country’s response to the global HIV and AIDS pandemic, which has hit South Africa the hardest. Speaking at a forum on transforming the South African health system in Washington, DC, on 29 March, the country’s health minister, Aaron …
NEUROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS IN TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY CASES OF CORD BLADDER
Authors: FREDERICK C. LENDRUM
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The term cord bladder is applied in cases in which the bladder fails to function because of lesions in the nervous system. The term neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder would be more accurate, if less picturesque. Cord bladder is used without any special reference to the site of the lesion, whether in the central or peripheral nervous system. In recent years the attempt has been made to use the term atonic bladder for the condition resulting from a lesion in the peripheral nerves and to restrict the term cord bladder to cases in which actual lesions are present in the spinal cord.<sup>1</sup>In 1926, Moore<sup>2</sup>investigated the sensibility of the mucosa of the bladder and stated: "My findings favor the opinion that two main types of neuropathic bladder exist: (1) those resulting from some disturbance in the peripheral or local nervous mechanism, and (2) those dependent on pathologic
Clinical and Genetic Investigation of a Large Kindred with Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis
Authors: Gerhard J. Johnson, W. H. J. Summerskill, V. Elving Anderson, F. Raymond Keating
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

MULTIPLE endocrine adenomatosis is characterized by hyperplasia or tumors of one or more endocrine glands.1 There is usually increased function of the glands involved. The parathyroid glands, pancreatic islet cells and pituitary gland are most frequently affected. Of 85 patients with the syndrome reported on before 1964, 74 had evidence of hyperparathyroidism, and 69 had pancreatic islet-cell tumors, which were associated with demonstrable peptic ulcer in 42 and hypoglycemia in 25 patients; however, only 15 of the 55 patients with pituitary tumors had acromegaly.2 Less common findings resulting from these or other tumors attributed to the disease include pituitary insufficiency, . . .
Jerome W. Conn, 1907-1994
Authors: Stefan S. Fajans
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 December 1994Jerome W. Conn, 1907-1994Stefan S. FajansStefan S. FajansUniversity of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0354.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-11-199412010-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Jerome W. Conn, delineator of primary aldosteronism, was born in New York City on 24 September 1907 and died in Naples, Florida on 11 June 1994.A graduate of Rutgers University (1928), Dr. Conn received his MD from the University of Michigan Medical School in 1932 and was associated with the University for the duration of his career. He was the Director of the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism from 1943 to 1973 and Professor of Internal Medicine since 1950.Dr. Conn's greatest contribution to medicine was the description in 1954 of the new entity called ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stefan S. FajansAffiliations: University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0354. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEponymous Terms and Selected Historical Figures in Endocrinology 1 December 1994Volume 121, Issue 11Page: 901 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Selective atrial profibrotic signalling in mice and man
Authors: Larissa Fabritz, Paulus Kirchhof
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

This editorial refers to ‘Molecular basis of selective atrial fibrosis due to overexpression of transforming growth factor-β1’ by D. Rahmutula et al. , pp. 769–779, this issue. 

Although oral anticoagulation can prevent the majority of strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) if used as recommended in treatment guidelines,1 patients with AF receiving optimal therapy still die prematurely, and are frequently hospitalized.2 Hence, we need a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind AF in patients to develop better treatment. Most of the currently used treatments for AF were initially developed to treat ventricular heart disease, e.g. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, digitalis, beta-adrenoceptor blockers, spironolactone, and most antiarrhythmic drugs. Understanding electrophysiological differences between the atria and ventricles have allowed the recent development of atrial antiarrhythmic drugs (dronedarone, vernakalant), with others undergoing clinical development. Catheter ablation of AF also illustrates how the understanding of an atrial arrhythmia mechanism, i.e. focal firing in and around the pulmonary veins, helped develop a specific AF treatment.

In this issue of Cardiovascular Research , Rahmutula et al. 3 characterize a molecular pathway leading to selective atrial fibrosis. By analysing human atrial and ventricular tissues, they identified an atrial preponderance of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression, and higher atrial TGF-β …