tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sequential use of photodynamic therapy and imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic cheilitis: a 12‐month follow‐up study
Authors: E. Sotiriou, A. Lallas, C. Goussi, Z. Apalla, A. Trigoni, E. Chovarda, D. Ioannides
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Actinic cheilitis (AC) may progress into fully developed squamous cell carcinoma with a relatively high risk of metastasizing and therefore requires early identification and treatment.To assess the clinical and histological long-term outcome as well as the safety and tolerability of sequential use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and imiquimod in AC.Patients with histologically confirmed grade 1 and 2 AC received two methyl aminolaevulinate-PDT sessions 2weeks apart. After a 2-week rest period the patients started applying imiquimod 5% cream 3days per week for 4weeks. At the first follow-up visits at 3 and 6months, noncomplete clinical responders were biopsied and excluded from the study if histological alterations were indicative for AC. At the last 12-month follow-up all remaining patients were biopsied. Adverse events were noted at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 of the treatment phase and at every visit of the follow-up period.Of the 34 enrolled patients, 30 completed the study. Complete clinical response was achieved by 27 patients in 3months. At 6months, clinical and histological recurrence occurred in two patients, while at 12months the complete clinical cure rate obtained was 80% and the histological complete cure rate was 73%. Treatment was well tolerated and adverse events were as expected and transient.Sequential use of PDT and imiquimod cream is of significant benefit for the treatment of AC. Further studies are needed in order to confirm the improved outcome using the combination treatment, to clarify the involved mechanisms and to optimize the therapeutic protocol.
Recombinant human erythropoietin treatment in cisplatin-associated anemia: a randomized, double-blind trial with placebo.
Authors: S Cascinu, A Fedeli, E Del Ferro, S Luzi Fedeli, G Catalano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of exogenous recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on the increase of hemoglobin levels and on the transfusion requirements in patients with cisplatin (CDDP)-induced anemia, we performed a double-blind randomized trial with placebo. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred patients with CDDP-associated anemia (hemoglobin level &lt; 90 g/L) were randomized to receive either placebo (saline solution) or rHuEPO (100 U/kg body weight subcutaneously) three times per week. The end points of this study were the increase in hemoglobin levels to greater than 100 g/L after 3, 6, and 9 weeks and the effect on transfusion requirements. RESULTS Ninety-nine of 100 patients were assessable for response and toxicity. In the rHuEPO arm, mean hemoglobin levels were statistically significantly increased after the third, sixth, and ninth weeks of therapy (101.1 +/- 9.0, 102.4 +/- 6.6, and 105.1 +/- 9.4 g/L, respectively) compared with the mean baseline value (86.3 +/- 6.2 g/L). In the placebo arm, there were no increases in mean hemoglobin levels at the third, sixth, and ninth weeks (81.0 +/- 5.2, 81.3 +/- 9.2, and 81.2 +/- 11 g/L, respectively) compared with the mean baseline value (87.3 +/- 5.2 g/L). Furthermore only 20% of patients required blood transfusions in the rHuEPO arm versus 56% of patients in the placebo arm (P = .01), with a mean units of blood transfused per patient of 0.30 in the rHuEPO arm and 1.8 in the placebo arm (P = .01). Treatment was well tolerated, with no significant side effects. CONCLUSION CDDP-induced anemia is corrected by rHuEPO, which results in reduced blood transfusion requirements.
Etiological Factors in Gastrointestinal Cancer in Man&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: John Higginson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

The wide variation in the incidence of carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract between countries of relatively similar ethnological background (Clemmesen, 1965; Haenszel, 1958; Segi and Kurihara, 1960) and the change in frequency observed within immigrant populations (Haenszel, 1961; Haenszel and Dawson, 1965; Terris and Hall, 1963) indicate that environmental factors are significantly involved. However, the failure to demonstrate any correlations in geographical distribution between carcinoma of the esophagus, stomach, and large intestine would indicate that different etiological stimuli are involved for each site.
Chondrocytes from arthritic cartilage in a subset of osteoarthritis patients express lower levels of NF -induced cell death
Authors: O J Arntz, M B Bennink, P M van der Kraan, W B van den Berg, F A J van de Loo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Chondrocytes play a central role in cartilage pathology, as seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), by a deranged synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and the enhanced release of ECM destructive metalloproteinases (MMPs). Nuclear factor κB (NFκB) is an important transcription factor in the regulation of MMPs, but it is also regarded as a survival factor in cells. We measured the level of NFκB-P65 in chondrocytes of …
The incidence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis among patients receiving standardized treatment regimen for suspected MDR-TB
Authors: Sablan Augusto, Joven Gonong, Lawrence Raymond, Vivian Lofranco, Vincent Balanag
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The LCP-PMDT started the implementation of Standardized treatment regimen for all smear positive Drug Resistant tuberculosis suspects. The appropriateness of these regimens need to be evaluated. This is a Descriptive prospective cohort study, the objective is to determine the Incidence of MDR-TB among patients receiving Standardized Treatment regimen for suspected MDR-TB.

256 patients received standardized treatment regimen,180 patients have available culture and DST results, 76 patients still have pending culture and DST results. Of the 180 patients with available culture and DST results, 113 were confirmed MDR-TB. 55 of 72 (76.3%) patients belonging to the others Non-DOTS multiple treatment group were confirmed MDR-TB compared to 7 (30.3%) patients with Non-DOTS with single treatment. 17 of 18(94%) patients who belonged to category I failure group were confirmed MDR-TB. 5 of 11 (45.5%) patients under Category I RAD, 8 (33.3%) of 24 patients under category I relapse were confirmed MDR-TB. 11 of 20 (55%) patients under category II relapse and 10 (90.1%) of 11 patients under category II failure were confirmed MDR-TB.

Conclusion: MDR-TB occurs more frequently among the standardized regimen B group (category I failure, category II failure, and other Non-DOTS with multiple treatment).

Recommendations: Initiation of standardized regimen for MDR-TB for patients with Category I failure, Category II failure, category II relapse and those with Non-DOTS with multiple treatment while awaiting the results of the DST. Category II treatment regimen, should be used in category I RAD and category I Relapse pending culture and DST results.
Prognosis of acute variceal bleeding: Is being on beta‐blockers an aggravating factor? A short‐term survival analysis
Authors: Andrea Ribeiro de Souza, Vincenzo La Mura, Annalisa Berzigotti, Juan Carlos García‐Pagán, Juan G. Abraldes, Jaime Bosch
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Nonselective beta‐blockers (NSBB) are widely used because they have been proved effective in the prophylaxis of acute variceal bleeding (AVB). However, a significant proportion of patients still experience AVB while on treatment with NSBB, and its impact on prognosis of AVB is unknown. The present study was aimed at assessing the effect of being on prophylactic therapy with NSBB on 5‐day failure and 6‐week mortality of patients with cirrhosis admitted with AVB. Included were 142 patients: 49 were receiving prophylactic therapy with NSBB (NSBB group) and 93 were not (control group). There were some differences in the baseline characteristics between the groups: higher proportion of alcoholic etiology and active alcoholism (37% versus 10%), higher platelet count, and lower hematocrit at admission in the control group. However, the severity of AVB and initial treatment were similar. Five‐day failure occurred in 20% of patients (14% in NSBB versus 24% in controls, P = 0.27). The adjusted odds ratio for 5‐day failure under NSBB was 2.46 (95% confidence interval 0.53‐11.37, P = 0.25). Nineteen patients (13%) died, and two had liver transplantation within 6 weeks. The probability of survival at 6 weeks was 96% in the NSBB group and 82% in the control group ( P = 0.02). After adjusting by propensity score and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, the NSBB adjusted odds ratio for 6‐week mortality was 0.38 (95% confidence interval 0.05‐2.63, P = 0.32). The estimated association between NSBB with both 5‐day failure and 6‐week mortality was homogenous across all Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease spectrums. Conclusion : Prophylactic NSBB treatment is not a negative prognostic indicator for the short‐term survival of patients with cirrhosis admitted with AVB.(H epatology 2015;62:1840–1846)
The investigation of inhalation continuous duration for dry powder inhalers in asthmatic patients
Authors: Takashi Niimi, Yuko Shima, Yukari Sakurai, Takamitsu Asano, Akiko Halata, Yuki Tomita, Yuko Takano, ShIgeki Sato, Kenji Akita, Masashi Banno, Ryo Matsushita, Hidenori Ibata
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background : Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have been important for management of asthmatic patients. And instruction for use of inhaler devise was effectively for control of asthma. Although inhalation technique of DPIs that inhaling fast with maximum force from start to stopping was reportedly important, effective inhalation continuous duration was unknown. In this study, we evaluate effect of instruction considering inhalation continuous duration in asthmatic patients.   Methods:  One hundred and thirty nine asthmatic patients who use fluticasone propionate discus or budesonide turbuhaler were studied. Insufficient peak inspiratory flow rate (PIF) and length of inspire continuous time were evaluated by discus-trainer or turbuhaler-tester or In-Check. Of 139 patients, 22 without sufficient PIF were omitted from the study. Instruction considering inhalation continuous time was done for 117 patients and effects for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) was evaluated.   Results : In all patients groups distinguished by inhalation continuous duration before instruction, significant increase of inhalation continuous duration was found after instruction (p value of all groups were p   Conclusion In control of asthmatic patients, instruction considering inhalation continuous duration was useful and instructing not only inhale fast and forcefully, adding “continue inhalation with deeply breath more than one second” is considered to be recommend from our results.
NADPH oxidase isoform 1 is expressed in lung tissue of ARDS patients and decreases hyperoxia-induced ROS production and cell death in pulmonary type II epithelial cells
Authors: Stephanie Carnesecchi, Isabelle Dunand-Sauthier, Grigory Singovsky, Yves Donati, Karim Hammad, Christine Deffert, Karl-Heinz Krause, Walter Reith, Jean-Claude Pache, Constance Barazzone
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

We have previously reported that NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) deficiency prevented hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice and played an essential role in cell death of mouse alveolar epithelial cells (Carnesecchi, S. et al., AJCCM, 2009; 180: 972-981). In order to determine the mechanisms by which NOX1 induces epithelial cell death during hyperoxia, we specifically knock-down NOX1 in a pulmonary epithelial cell line (MLE-12) using a lentiviral vector strategy. Our results show that NOX1 mRNA was reduced by 35% after hyperoxia compared to scramble siRNA (control cells). Hyperoxia-induced ROS production was inhibited by 36% in transfected MLE-12 compared to control cells. In addition, we demonstrated that NOX1 deletion leads to less hyperoxia-induced cell death analyzed by lactate deshydrogenase release, TUNEL staining and decreased cleaved caspase 3. Hyperoxia-induced ERK phosphorylation, a MAPK involved in cell death signaling was inhibited in NOX1-transfected cells. These data show that NOX1 inhibition decreases hyperoxia-induced ROS production and cell death in an epithelial cell line through ERK signaling pathways.

Furthermore, to determine whether NOX1 is also involved in human, we studied NOX1 expression in lungs of ARDS patients by using immunostaining. We found that NOX1 was highly expressed in alveolar type II cells of patients suffering from ARDS in particularly in the exudative and organizing stages of the disease.

This study is the first direct demonstration that NOX1 is of crucial importance in ARDS and might be responsible for the damage occurring in epithelial type II cells.
Determinants of inflammatory and functional toxicity of silver nanospheres in rat lung
Authors: Joanna Seiffert, Cornelis Weigman, Li Feng, Warren Baker, Farhana Hussain, Jingue Zhao, Terry Tetley, Fan Chung
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Nanoparticle size, shape and surface chemistry are major contributing factors to their toxicity. The effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) delivered via the airways may also be determined by the inflammatory state of the lungs. We studied the effects of intratracheally administered AgNPs, with differing sizes and capping agents (20 nm or 110 nm; PVP or citrate-capped, 0.1 mg/Kg) in Brown Norway (BN) rats with a pulmonary eosinophilic granulomatous inflammation and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with normal lungs. In BN rats, at day 1, BAL neutrophils increased for all NP, with the greatest increase for 20nm NPs, while there was also a small eosinophilic response. At 7 days, there was a prominent eosinophilia for all 4 NPs, with persistence of neutrophilia, except with 110nm PVP. In SD rats, exposed to the 20 nm NPs, there was a large neutrophil response at day 1, which was greater for the citrate capped NP. In BN rats, total protein and KC levels in BAL were increased at 1 and 7 days for all NPs while in the SD rats, there was a small increase in protein levels at 7 days but no increase in KC. In BN rats, pulmonary resistance increased and compliance decreased at 1 and 7 days. 20nm PVP and citrate capped NPs but not the 110 nm PVP, caused an increase in bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to acetylcholine at 1 day. BHR persisted at 7 days for the citrate capped NPs. Overall, the 20 nm and citrate-capped AgNPs were more proinflammatory than the 110 nm and PVP-capped NPs. A pre-existing eosinophilic lung inflammation in BN rats, led to a smaller early neutrophilic and a late-onset eosinophilic response associated with greater effects on lung function and bronchial hyperreactivity.
Subjective and Objective Prospective, Long-Term Analysis of Quality of Life During Inhaled Interleukin-2 Immunotherapy
Authors: Hans Heinzer, Thomas S. Mir, Edith Huland, Hartwig Huland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: We conducted both a subjective and objective, prospective quality-of-life analysis during high-dose (36 × 10 6 immunizing units/d) inhalational interleukin (IL)-2 treatment (mean treatment time, 13.4 months) of 15 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Additionally, quality of life for 10 patients with mRCC receiving low-dose (9 × 10 6 IU/m 2 /d for 5 days) intravenous IL-2 treatment also was evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients responded to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality-of-life questionnaire QLQ-C30 before and during inhalational IL-2 treatment at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and before and once during intravenous IL-2 treatment. A clinician assessed patient well-being using the Quality of Well-Being scale to calculate once weekly quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) during inhalational IL-2 treatment. RESULTS: Patients completed 103 questionnaires and clinicians performed 892 QALY calculations. For patients treated with inhalational IL-2, the mean quality-of-life score deteriorated modestly but significantly 1 month after treatment initiation (15.1%, P = .01) but did not differ significantly from pretreatment scores after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment. Inhalational IL-2 therapy stabilized patient quality of life for a mean of 13.4 months. The resulting QALY calculation for patients on inhalation IL-2 was 70.1% of 13.4 months, representing 9.4 months of QALY. In comparison, patients who received intravenous IL-2 showed a more marked, statistically significant deterioration in mean quality-of-life score during treatment (27%, P = .006); moreover, three of these 10 patients experienced treatment-related toxicity that prevented questionnaire completion. CONCLUSION: Quality-of-life analysis during immunotherapy provides valuable information regarding cancer treatment outcomes.
Peyote in the Treatment of Alcoholism Among American Indians
Authors: BERNARD J. ALBAUGH, PHILIP O. ANDERSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors examine the development and effectiveness of a treatment program for alcoholism among American Indians. This program offers the alcoholic Indian both occupational and cultural therapy, including participation in the services of the Native American Church (peyote meetings). During these meetings, participants often ingest peyote (mescaline), which, like LSD, facilitates cathartic expression and enhances suggestibility. Although the authors do not propose that the peyote meeting is a cure for alcoholism, they feel it offers some specific advantages in the treatment of the unique problems of the Indian alcoholic.
A systemic lymphoproliferative disorder with morphologic features of Castleman's disease: clinical findings and clinicopathologic correlations in 15 patients.
Authors: G Frizzera, B A Peterson, E D Bayrd, A Goldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Fifteen patients (11 males, four females; median age 57) manifested a disease characterized by (1) the histopathologic features of Castleman's disease, plasma cell type, in lymph node biopsies; (2) predominantly lymphadenopathic disease, involving multiple, preferentially peripheral nodal groups; (3) varied manifestations of multisystemic involvement (such as constitutional symptoms; splenomegaly and hypergammaglobulinemia; elevated ESR, anemia, and thrombocytopenia; hepatomegaly and altered liver function tests (LFTs); signs of renal disease); and (4) idiopathic nature. Two main patterns of evolution were recognized: persistent, with sustained clinical manifestations, and episodic, with recurrent exacerbations and remissions. Seventy-three percent of patients had infectious complications, and 27% developed malignancies. Complete remissions were obtained occasionally with antineoplastic agents and with splenectomy but not with glucocorticosteroids alone. The median survival time is 30 months; 60% of patients have died. Median follow-up in the six surviving patients is 97+ months. A review of 50 cases in the literature revealed similar clinical and laboratory features. Despite some similarities with autoimmune diseases, the main features of this process seem to best fit a hyperplastic-dysplastic lymphoid disorder in a setting of immunoregulatory deficit.
Abstract 823: C-reactive Protein and Amyloid A as Predictors of Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes in CARDS
Authors: Valentine Charlton-Menys, Helen M Colhoun, D J Betteridge, Sabita Soedamah-Muthu, Graham Hitman, H A Neil, Shona Livingstone, Weihang Bao, David A DeMicco, Gregory M Preston, John H Fuller, Paul N Durrington
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Murine Leukemia and Sarcoma Viruses: Further Studies on the Antigens of the Viral Envelope
Authors: E. Gomard, J. C. Leclerc, J. P. Levy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

The antigens of the envelope (VEA) of murine leukemia sarcoma viruses were studied by in vivo neutralization of 9 different pseudotypes of the murine sarcoma virus (MSV) with specific antisera prepared in rats or mice. Antisera directed against 15 different murine leukemia viruses as well as against the related MSY pseudotypes were tested. Four categories of viruses were separated by mouse antisera: 1) Moloney, Rauscher, Friend, Rich, Buffet viruses, and the LLY, 2) Graffi, Mazurenko, and Stepina-Zilber viruses, 3) Gross, AKR, and Kaplan viruses, 4) Tennant virus. The first 2 categories included agents which induced the FMRGi antigen on the host cell membrane, but they could be separated according to the antigens of the viral envelope; a strong antigenic specificity differentiated between the 2. The agents of the third category, which induced G antigen on the host cell membrane, were poorly immunogenic for mice, but an antigen specific for this subgroup could be detected by an antiserum prepared by intrathymus inoculation. We propose to name the main antigens of the 3 virus groups VEA I, II, and III. Some weak crossreactions were found among the viruses of all 3 categories-probably due to minor antigens. The Tennant virus behaved in a way that did not permit its classification in 1 of the 3 categories. With rat antisera, a group-specific antigen of the viral envelope (gs VEA) was detected in all murine leukemia sarcoma viruses.
Home intravenous therapy in cystic fibrosis: a prospective randomized trial examining clinical, quality of life and cost aspects
Authors: JM Wolter, SD Bowler, PJ Nolan, JG McCormack
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

In this study, we set out to determine if home intravenous (i.v.) antibiotic therapy in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is a feasible, effective and less costly alternative to hospitalization, and to assess the impact of home therapy on quality of life. The study was a prospective, randomized, two-factor mixed design involving adults presenting with respiratory exacerbations of CF. Patients were randomized such that they were discharged home after 2-4 days, or remained in hospital. Seventeen patients had 31 admissions (13 home and 18 hospital). Following 10 days of therapy, there were no significant differences between home or hospital arms with respect to body weight, 12 minute walking distance, sputum weight, pulse oximetry, or improvement in lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), or forced vital capacity (FVC)). Patients who remained in hospital were less fatigued and noted a greater degree of mastery. Patients discharged early noted less disruption to their family life, personal life and sleeping pattern. The total cost for the home therapy arm was approximately half that of the hospital therapy arm. Home intravenous antibiotic therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis was a feasible, cost-effective alternative to receiving therapy in hospital. Although there was no clinical compromise associated with home therapy, there were advantages and disadvantages in terms of quality of life.