tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The development of high quality seals for silicon patch-clamp chips
Authors: Thomas Sordel, Frédérique Kermarrec, Yann Sinquin, Isabelle Fonteille, Michel Labeau, Fabien Sauter-Starace, Catherine Pudda, François de Crécy, François Chatelain, Michel De Waard, Christophe Arnoult, Nathalie Picollet-D’hahan
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Effect of atropine and proximal gastric vagotomy on the acid response to fundic distension in man.
Authors: U Grotzinger, S Bergegardh, L Olbe
Journal: Gut (1977)

In four healthy subjects and in 12 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU), graded balloon distension of the gastric fundus and body caused increments in acid output related to the distension volumes. The mean peak distension response amounted to about 50% of the mean peak acid output (PAOpg) evoked by intravenous infusion of pentagastrin in a dose of 300 microng/h, eliciting maximum observed secretory response. During distension with the largest balloon volume, 1-0 mg atropine injected intravenously significantly depressed the acid secretory rate, the median inhibition amounting to about 80%. In two patients with DU, 2-5 mg atropine completely abolished acid secretion during fundic distension. In nine subjects with DU, complete proximal gastric vagotomy profoundly depressed the secretory responses to graded fundic distension, eliminating the acid response to the smallest balloon volume used. A slight, but significant, response to the largest distension volume persisted after complete vagotomy. Incomplete proxomal gastric vagotomy was found to reduce only moderately the distension responses in five patients, and the peak acid response to fundic distension as related to PAOpg remained unchanged. In conclusion, distension of the gastric fundus and body in man stimulates acid secretion by means of an atropine-sensitive, presumably cholinergic, reflex mechanism and the findings after vagotomy are in agreement with the concept that this reflex mechanism is conveyed by both short intramural and long vagovagal pathways.
Improvement in pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia during nitric oxide inhalation in a patient with end-stage pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: R N Channick, R C Hoch, J W Newhart, F W Johnson, C M Smith
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

A patient with severe interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale was given inhaled nitric oxide (NO) followed by intravenous PGE1 to assess the reversibility of pulmonary hypertension. During NO inhalation, there was marked reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance, increased cardiac output, and dramatic improvement in arterial oxygenation. There was no effect on systemic vascular resistance. In contrast, intravenous PGE1 led to rapid arterial oxygen desaturation and worsened dyspnea. The beneficial responses to inhaled NO in this patient suggest that, even in severe chronic lung disease, reversible pulmonary vasoconstriction is present. Inhaled NO thus has a potential therapeutic role as a selective pulmonary vasodilator in patients with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and cor pulmonale.
Second phase of marriage.
Authors: J Dominian
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Addiction potential.Barbiturates have a high addiction potential.Long-term use or use of high dosage for short periods may lead to tolerance and subsequently to physical and psycho- logical dependence.Symptoms of dependence include confusion, defective judgment, and loss of emotional control.Withdrawal symptoms occur after long-term normal use (and particularly after abuse) on rapid cessation of barbiturate treatment.Symptoms include nightmares, irritability, and insomnia and, in severe cases, tremors, delirium, convulsions, and death.Withdrawal symptoms have been reported in neonates after barbiturate treatment during pregnancy and labour.
Indications and Effects of Plasma Transfusions in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Oliver Karam, Pierre Demaret, Alison Shefler, Stéphane Leteurtre, Philip C. Spinella, Simon J. Stanworth, Marisa Tucci
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Plasma transfusions are frequently prescribed for critically ill children, although their indications lack a strong evidence base. Plasma transfusions are largely driven by physician conceptions of need, and these are poorly documented in pediatric intensive care patients.To identify patient characteristics and to characterize indications leading to plasma transfusions in critically ill children, and to assess the effect of plasma transfusions on coagulation tests.Point-prevalence study in 101 pediatric intensive care units in 21 countries, on 6 predefined weeks. All critically ill children admitted to a participating unit were included if they received at least one plasma transfusion.During the 6 study weeks, 13,192 children were eligible. Among these, 443 (3.4%) received at least one plasma transfusion and were included. The primary indications for plasma transfusion were critical bleeding in 22.3%, minor bleeding in 21.2%, planned surgery or procedure in 11.7%, and high risk of postoperative bleeding in 10.6%. No bleeding or planned procedures were reported in 34.1%. Before plasma transfusion, the median international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) values were 1.5 and 48, respectively. After plasma transfusion, the median INR and aPTT changes were -0.2 and -5, respectively. Plasma transfusion significantly improved INR only in patients with a baseline INR greater than 2.5.One-third of transfused patients were not bleeding and had no planned procedure. In addition, in most patients, coagulation tests are not sensitive to increases in coagulation factors resulting from plasma transfusion. Studies assessing appropriate plasma transfusion strategies are urgently needed.
EVALUATION OF THE DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF AN INVESTIGATIONAL ULTRA-SENSITIVE ASSAY FOR CARDIAC TROPONIN I
Authors: Marc P. Bonaca, Christian T. Ruff, Edward W. Grandin, Sabina A. Murphy, Petr Jarolim, Michael J. Conrad, Amit Vora, Marc S. Sabatine, Eugene Braunwald, David A. Morrow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Assessment of ability of levcromakalim and sodium nitroprusside to reverse the cardiovascular effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in the anaesthetised pig
Authors: N A Herity, J D Allen, B Silke, A A J Adgey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: The aim was to test the ability of levcromakalim, a potassium channel opener, and sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor, to reverse the systemic and pulmonary vasoconstrictor actions of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and thus to restore cardiac output in anaesthetised pigs. Methods: In separate groups of pigs administration of a bolus of L-NAME (10 mg·kg−1) was followed either by no further agent (control group; n = 8) or by increasing bolus doses of levcromakalim (10, 20, and 40 μg·kg−1; n = 8) or by increasing infused doses of sodium nitroprusside (1, 2, and 4 μg·kg−1·min−1 for 15 min at each dose). The same doses of levcromakalim and sodium nitroprusside were also given to pigs (n = 6 in each group) which had been pretreated with saline rather than L-NAME. The changes in systemic and pulmonary haemodynamic indices and cardiac output as a result of each intervention were measured at each stage and compared between and within drug groups. Results: In each group, the bolus of L-NAME caused increases in systemic vascular resistance, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and mean pulmonary artery pressure, and a reduction in cardiac output. These effects were significantly different from pretreatment values at 15 min, and were maintained for at least 60 min when no further agent was given. The subsequent administration of levcromakalim caused significant reductions in systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure, the effects being greater than in animals that had been pretreated with saline rather than L-NAME. Pulmonary vascular resistance and mean pulmonary artery pressure were also reduced, but to a lesser degree. Cardiac output was partially but significantly restored. The subsequent administration of sodium nitroprusside caused significant reductions in systemic vascular resistance, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and mean pulmonary artery pressure. These effects were significantly greater than those in animals that had been pretreated with saline rather than L-NAME. Cardiac output was weakly, though significantly restored. Conclusions: Increased systemic vascular resistance following a bolus of L-NAME (10 mg·kg−1) is reversed by subsequent administration of levcromakalim (10-40 μg·kg−1) or sodium nitroprusside (1-4 μg·kg−1·min−1) associated with partial restoration of cardiac output. The degree to which cardiac output is restored by these two agents is limited by a concomitant reduction in preload. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:894-900
Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Cord after Partial Gastrectomy
Authors: D. G. Weir, P. B. B. Gatenby
Journal: BMJ (1963)

The risk of megaloblastic anaemia (Paulson and Harvey, 1954) and of possible neuropathy (Dennig, 1929) after the operation of total gastrectomy is now well known.It is less well known that there is a similar risk after partial gastrectomy (Brit.med.J., 1960).Deller and Witts (1962) found partial or complete megaloblastic changes in 6.87% of 265 patients after partial gastrectomy.The incidence of subacute combined degeneration following partial gastrec- tomy reported in the literature is small.Knox and Delamore (1960) reviewed the previously reported cases and added what would appear to be the first authentic case after partial gastrectomy for peptic ulceration.Deller et al. (1962) stated that two of their cases showed evidence of subacute combined degeneration.We wish to record a survey in which evidence of sub- acute combined degeneration was sought in a group of patients who had previously undergone gastric surgery.
Factors Affecting Visual Acuity after Cataract Surgery in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Noriko Yoshida, Yasuhiro Ikeda, Yusuke Murakami, Shunji Nakatake, Kota Fujiwara, Shoji Notomi, Toshio Hisatomi, Tatsuro Ishibashi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
Differential Diagnosis of Periarticular Fibrositis and Arthritis
Authors: C. H. Slocumb
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1940)

PERIARTICULAR (capsular) fibrositis is much too commonly mistakenly diagnosed as arthritis.At first there may be little or no pain when joints are at rest or in moderate use.Pain or stiffness may be noted only during the first few moments on awakening or after the joints have not been used for a while, or when the joints are used excessively, or when the capsule is stretched.The patient may have to-hunt for soreness by twisting his joint sidewise, squeezing it, or flexing it forcefully to convince himself of the actuality of, and of the situation of, pain.After a short experience with these rather intangible symptoms, the patient may note their gradual disappearance.If the disease progresses pain becomes more constant, chronic aching may appear, and tenderness becomes less elusive.Joints feel stiffer; yet relatively full, though painful, motion may still be readily accomplished.Generally definite swelling or hydrops does not appear.However, capsular thickening may appear.Usually there is little, if any, redness or significant muscular atrophy, and the roentgenograms represent a normal condition.It may be difficult for the patient to limber up on walking.
Progress in Drug Research
Authors: R. J. Main
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This series consists of one volume yearly, each containing 7 to 9 monographs. Its aim is to supply reviews by experts of certain specific fields of drug research, designed for clinical investigators, pharmacologists, and biochemists. Most physicians will be handicapped in reading these 2 volumes as the majority of the articles are in German. Volume 1 contains reviews in English of cholesterol atherosclerosis and stereochemistry and biological activity. The first is already somewhat out of date and surprisingly, wastes several pages listing numerous "shotgun" prescriptions from countries such as Egypt and Cuba. The description of the relation between stereochemistry and biological activity is both original and scholarly but too abstruse for many practitioners. Monographs in German include first, a detailed discussion of ion-exchange substances in biology, pharmacy, and medicine. The reason for including 2 articles on anthelminthics is not obvious, especially when one of these devotes so much space to
Aid money is wasted on private healthcare programmes in poor countries, says Oxfam
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Aid money is being wasted on poorly performing private healthcare programmes that are failing to improve health in poor countries, argues the international aid agency Oxfam in a report published this week. It says that the money would be better invested in health services provided by governments.

The report acknowledges that the private sector has a role in increasing the provision of health services but says that prioritising this approach is unlikely to deliver the improvements in health that could be achieved by developing government provided health care. It claims that a growing number of international donors are following the World Bank’s policy of investing in the private sector in the belief that public health services have failed.

“But there are serious failings inherent in private provision which make it a very risky and costly path …
"SOCIALISTIC TENDENCIES IN MEDICINE"
Authors: Haven Emerson
Journal: JAMA (1922)

[The letter of Dr. Gardner was referred to Dr. Emerson, who replies:] <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Neither Dr. Brunet, who lived in Buffalo for six weeks during the investigation and made repeated observations of the operation of the dispensaries, nor I, by careful personal observation, on a number of visits to the free public clinics conducted by the department of hospitals and dispensaries of Buffalo, found any evidence of neglect in the clinical or laboratory procedures regularly employed for diagnosis of syphilis and gonorrhea; nor did we find that the essentials of treatment were omitted. Orderliness, system, method and reasonable regard for privacy prevailed at the venereal disease clinic, and adequate record of the number of patients, the diagnosis, the treatment given and other pertinent facts was made in each case. Dr. Gardner's complaint of an undesirable routine, rapidity and neglect of medical service leaves me unconvinced. That the statement of
Human chorionic gonadotropin and 8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate promote an acute increase in cytochrome P450scc and adrenodoxin messenger RNAs in cultured human granulosa cells by a cycloheximide-insensitive mechanism.
Authors: T G Golos, W L Miller, J F Strauss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Treatment of human granulosa cells with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or an analogue of its second messenger, cyclic AMP (cAMP), promotes a rapid accumulation of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (scc) and adrenodoxin. A twofold increase in the cellular content of these mRNAs was observed within 4 h of exposure to 8-bromo-cAMP, and was maintained for up to 48 h. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide did not prevent the hCG- or 8-bromo-cAMP-stimulated accumulation of either cytochrome P450scc or adrenodoxin mRNAs. We conclude that human granulosa cells respond rapidly to hCG and cAMP analogues with a coordinate increase in levels of the mRNAs encoding two key proteins of the steroidogenic machinery, and that this stimulation does not require synthesis of a protein intermediate.
Treatment of viral myocarditis with ribavirin in an animal preparation.
Authors: A Matsumori, H Wang, W H Abelmann, C S Crumpacker
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The therapeutic effects of ribavirin, a broad-spectrum, antiviral agent, on experimental myocarditis caused by encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus were investigated. Four-week-old DBA/2 mice were inoculated with 10 plaque-forming units (pfu) of EMC virus. Ribavirin in a dose of 100 (group 1, n = 20), 200 (group 2, n = 10), or 400 mg/kg/day (group 3, n = 10) was administered subcutaneously on days 0 to 12 after virus inoculation, and animals were observed for 12 days. Control animals were injected with saline (n = 20). Mice treated with ribavirin survived longer than controls (mean survival 6.7 days for group 1, 7.4 days for group 2, 7.7 days for group 3, and 5.2 days for control; p less than .005). Myocardial virus titers on days 6 to 8 were significantly lower in group 2 (3.24 +/- 0.49 log10pfu/mg; p less than .005) and in group 3 (1.70 +/- 0.65 log10 pfu/mg; p less than .001) compared with controls (4.09 +/- 0.57 log10 pfu/mg). The incidence of gross myocardial lesions was significantly lower in group 1 (13/20, 65%), group 2 (2/10, 20%), and group 3 (0/20, 0%) compared with controls (20/20, 100%) (p less than .05). Histologic examination showed extensive myocardial necrosis and cellular infiltration in untreated groups; there was less infiltration in groups 2 and 3 (p less than .01) and less severe necrosis in group 3 (p less than .01). Thus ribavirin effectively inhibited myocardial virus replication and reduced the inflammatory response and myocardial damage in an experimental preparation of viral myocarditis.
CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY IMPROVES RISK PREDICTION FOR SEVERE CARDIAC EVENTS COMPARED TO CLINICAL RISK PREDICTORS AND CALCIUM SCORING
Authors: Martin Hadamitzky, Bernhard Bischoff, Franziska Hein, Tanja Meyer, Stefan Martinoff, Albert Schömig, Jörg Hausleiter, Deutsches Herzzentrum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Crumbling showpiece hospitals
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The Commons Public Accounts Committee dearly loves to take a look at the National Health Service, and its latest report returns to an old sore-the excessive cost of repairs to some of what were alleged to be NHS showpiece hospitals, almost before they had been put to use.The Sick Children's Hospital in Glasgow was a classic instance, but it was only one of 13 examples ofcrumbling showpiece hospitals.The report (16th report of the Committee of Public Accounts, 1983-4; House of Commons paper 113) notes that to date health authorities have recovered only £400 000, or about 1%, of the total rectification costs of £30m from the consultants responsible for the buildings, and serves notice that progress had better be reported at the end of the present financial year, or else.
Hypersensitivity to bacteria in eczema.
Authors: ESTHER WELBOURN, R.H. CHAMPION, W.E. PARISH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

A study was made of the cytotoxic effect of antibacterial antibody and complement reacting with bacterial antigens firmly adsorbed to epidermal cells. It is believed that this phenomenon enhances the severity of the lesions and their spread in some cases of disseminated eczema. In this first part of the study it is confirmed that Staphylococcus aureus and micrococci are frequently present on lesions and 'unaffected' skin of patients with disseminated eczema. Intradermal skin tests with antigens of staphylococci and micrococci on 122 eczematous patients elicited immediate, or combined immediate and 4 h (Arthus-like) responses, in a large proportion, but few showed uncombined 4 h responses or delayed hypersensitivity, in contrast to findings reported by others. Immunofluorescence tests on skin of thirty patients showed that IgG and IgM diffused into the epidermis, sometimes to the skin surface, of lesional skin, and more immunoglobulin was found in skin of 'unaffected' areas than in skin of normal healthy persons, indicating that clinically unaffected skin in patients with disseminated eczema is abnormal. IgD was present in three of eight samples of unfixed, and six of eight samples of fixed eczematous skin. Staphylococcal and micrococcal antigen was shown on the skin surface and also diffusely in the cytoplasm of cells in the dermis beneath the surface deposits, indicating percutaneous absorption. Further small amounts of antigen were adsorbed to some epidermal cells. These results show that the predisposing conditions for a cytotoxic reaction mediated by hypersensitivity to bacteria do occur. Increased growth of staphylococci and micrococci on eczematous skin would result in increased deposits of antigen. Bacterial antigens arc absorbed into the skin and bind with epidermal cells, and immunoglobulins diffuse into the epidermis. Furthermore, skin tests showed that many eczematous patients were hypersensitive to bacteria. Studies on the nature of the antibacterial antibody will be published in the succeeding reports.
Novel Effect of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism to Reduce Proinflammatory Cytokines and Hypothalamic Activation in Rats With Ischemia-Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Yu-Ming Kang, Zhi-Hua Zhang, Ralph F. Johnson, Yang Yu, Terry Beltz, Alan Kim Johnson, Robert M. Weiss, Robert B. Felder
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Blocking brain mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) reduces the high circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in heart failure (HF) rats. TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines activate neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of hypothalamus, including corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons, by inducing cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity and synthesis of prostaglandin E 2 by perivascular cells of the cerebral vasculature. We tested the hypothesis that systemic treatment with a MR antagonist would reduce hypothalamic COX-2 expression and PVN neuronal activation in HF rats. Rats underwent coronary ligation to induce HF, confirmed by echocardiography, or sham surgery, followed by 6 weeks treatment with eplerenone (30 mg/kg per day, orally) or vehicle (drinking water). Eplerenone-treated HF rats had lower plasma TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, less COX-2 staining of small blood vessels penetrating PVN, fewer PVN neurons expressing Fra-like activity (indicating chronic neuronal activation), and fewer PVN neurons staining for TNF-α, IL-1β, and CRH than vehicle-treated HF rats. COX-2 and CRH protein expression in hypothalamus were 1.7- and 1.9-fold higher, respectively, in HF+vehicle versus sham+vehicle rats; these increases were attenuated (26% and 25%, respectively) in HF+eplerenone rats. Eplerenone-treated HF rats had less prostaglandin E 2 in cerebrospinal fluid, lower plasma norepinephrine levels, lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and lower right ventricle/body weight and lung/body weight ratios, but no improvement in left ventricular function. Treatment of HF rats with anticytokine agents, etanercept or pentoxifylline, produced very similar results. This study reveals a previously unrecognized effect of MR antagonism to minimize cytokine-induced central neural excitation in rats with HF.