tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypnotism—Facts and Reports of Cases in the Early Experience of one of its Former Practitioners.
Authors: M. F. Bassett
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> Several articles have of late appeared inThe Journalupon hypnotism, and there seems to be a general interest among the profession upon this subject. Though a permanent member of the American Medical Association for many years, and an attentive reader of every number ofThe Journal, I have never contributed anything to its columns. I come forward now and offer this communication with great reluctance and only because I deem it a duty to my professional brethren, to give them some benefit of my investigations and experience in the therapeutic application of this potent and subtle agent. In the year 1841, while an under graduate and a hospital attendant, in the ward where I was employed one of the patients was a sea captain, whose home was in an obscure New England town. This captain conceived a strong attachment for me, and when ready to leave
VITILIGO IN MATURE-ONSET DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: RODNEY P. R. DAWBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY. —A study has been made on the incidence of vitiligo in mature‐onset diabetics attending hospital. An increased incidence of vitiligo was found in the whole group of diabetics, and in the female diabetics, when compared with controls. In more than half the patients with both vitiligo and diabetes, the vitiligo preceded the diabetes. Vitiligo begins before the age of 40 in over 80% of all cases but did so in only 24% of 25 diabetics with vitiligo.
Esophageal Varix Hemorrhage and Sclerotherapy - Animal Studies
Authors: D.M. Jensen, G.A. Machicado, M. Silpa
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Although endoscopic sclerosis for control of variceal hemorrhage is an old technique, many questions remain about the technique, its applications, and outcomes after use. This report summarizes recent data from animal studies that relate to clinical questions concerning esophageal varix hemorrhage and sclerotherapy. A reproducible canine model of portal hypertension and esophageal varices is described. Three different studies with this model are summarized and discussed including: comparison of methods for endoscopic control of active variceal hemorrhage, comparison of sclerosing agents using canine venous collaterals and efficacy and safety of sclerosing agents in endoscopic sclerotherapy. In our opinion, these data should assist clinicians who are evaluating or planning clinical sclerotherapy trials.
Coronary Artery Disease: Genes, Drugs and the Agricultural Connection
Authors: H. Tunstall-Pedoe
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Coronary Artery Disease: Genes, Drugs and the Agricultural ConnectionCoronary artery disease has been intensively investigated for fifty years and enjoyed a therapeutic revolution in the past twenty.Biomedical technology and the pharmaceutical industry are knocking it for six.Guidelines and protocols are all around-no need now for professional experience and judgment: follow the white stripe down the middle of the road and the managers who monitor your performance will be happy.But not, according to Ole Faergeman, patients or populations.In his view the stories of success are dangerously wrong.Faergeman, a professor of preventive cardiology who did contribute to the latest clinical guidelines, 1 is based in Aarhus, fifteen minutes by bicycle from Viby, headquarters of a Danish-Swedish dairy monopoly and half an hour by car from Randers, home of the largest pork producer in Europe.One year of the output of pigs from Randers is four times the carcase weight of the human population of Denmark.We need look no further for his motivation in venturing beyond the clinic and writing Coronary Artery Disease: Genes, Drugs and the Agricultural Connection. 2 However, even without such a strong local stimulus in Dundee, I myself might have attempted such a book had I not been preoccupied with my opus on the WHO MONICA Project. 3 Diseases result from the way we live.Quick fixes by drugs will not alter that.Coronary artery disease will continue predominant as the world urbanizes and industrializes.Each death prevented by pills is equalled by new ones as the world is cajoled and bullied by trade organizations and multinationals into the unwise farming practices of agro-business and corporate farming.For every wise man choosing the healthy option in diet, the food industry will find a less wise one to eat what he has rejected-choice but no net benefit.Internationally the European Union exports its surplus butter to Russia.When the British public adopted semi-skimmed and skimmed milk, commercial caterers decanted the surplus cream as the default whitener in coffee.Current agricultural policies are not only bad for health but also degrade our inherited farmland by demanding everincreasing production of grain to feed subsidized farm animals in feed-lots or confined animal feeding operations.In the latter, grain goes in and carcases and manure come out, without daylight or green pasture.Faergeman reminds us of things we have half forgotten, explains things clearly that we previously only half understood, and lucidly
Transport of radioactive oxygen, nitrogen and xenon into the rabbit thoracic aorta in situ
Authors: J. DAVIS, J KLINOWSKI, C P WINLOVE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

An in situ preparation of the rabbit thoracic aorta has been used to study the transport of short-lived radioactive isotopes of oxygen (15O16O), nitrogen (13N14N) and an isotope of xenon (133Xe) from 0.9 % NaCl into the artery wall. At a luminal hydrostatic pressure of 2 kPa the uptake of all three isotopes by the intima-media increased with time in experiments of up to 15 min duration. Uptake of labelled oxygen was an order of magnitude higher than that of xenon and almost two orders of magnitude higher than nitrogen uptake. Adventitial uptake was similar for all three species. For a perfusion time of 2½ min, the intimal-medial uptake of all three gases increased by almost an order of magnitude as luminal pressure increased from 2 to 13 kPa. Adventitial uptake increased rapidly and at a similar rate for all three gases. The studies were limited in depth and accuracy by the small quantities of isotope available.
ETIOLOGY AND DOWNSTREAM HEMODYNAMIC IMPACT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Sean R. Wilson, Ryan Kaple, Polydoros Kampaktsis, Amiran Baduashvili, Micheas Zemedkun, Htoo Kyaw, Geoffrey S. Bergman, Robert M. Minutello, Richard B. Devereux, Arash Salemi, Karl H. Krieger, Evelyn M. Horn, Shing-Chiu Wong, Fay Y. Lin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Removal of Dentures During Anesthesia
Authors: David Vernon Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  May I make a plea for a reappraisal of the long-established custom of compulsory removal of a patient's false teeth before anesthesia? Surely this ancient nursing practice, a relic of the days of inexpert airway control, is no longer decent and should be debunked.  It is bad enough for a woman to have to make an appearance clad in a rude shroud-like shirt, hair dishevelled and all dainty beauty-aids removed. But to take away her dentures is the final blow to her dignity. Indeed, it is one of the things that many women fear above all else when contemplating an elective operation. Is this distressing dictate really necessary?  Some years ago, I began to give in to requests of occasional female patients (men don't seem to care) to let them wear their dentures for brief periods of anesthesia. As I had suspected, all went well and the
Effect of glibenclamide, forskolin, and isoprenaline on the parallel activation of KATP and reduction of IK by cromakalim in cardiac myocytes
Authors: B M Heath, D A Terrar
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: The aim was to investigate the effect of activation of ATP sensitive potassium channels by cromakalim on the delayed rectifier potassium current (IK) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Experiments were carried out in the absence and presence of forskolin or isoprenaline to promote phosphorylation of IK, and in the presence of glibenclamide to block the ATP sensitive potassium current (IK(ATP)). Methods: Single cells were isolated from guinea pig ventricle. Potassium currents were studied under voltage clamp conditions. The delayed rectifier was measured as an outward tail current upon repolarisation to a holding potential of +40 mV following depolarising steps to +40 mV. Induction of IK(ATP) was indicated by changes in the holding current. Results: Exposure to 20 μM cromakalim caused a significant increase of 244(SEM 47)% in the holding current and simultaneous decreases of 22(5)% in the rapid component (IKr) and 45(5)% in the slow component (IKs) of IK. Exposure of the cells to 5 μM forskolin or 100 nM isoprenaline reduced both these effects of cromakalim: with forskolin, the holding current increased by 59(17)%, IKr was reduced by 9(3)%, and IKs by 23(3)%; with isoprenaline, the holding current increased by 100(36)%, IKr was not significantly changed, and IKs was reduced by 27(5)%. With 10 μM glibenclamide present, the only significant effect of cromakalim was reduction of IKs[by 11(3)%]. Conclusions: Cromakalim caused decreases in both components of IK which developed in parallel with activation of IK(ATP). The observations that forskolin, isoprenaline, or glibenclamide all reduced the effects of cromakalim on both IK and I(KATP) may result from separate effects on the two channel pathways, but are also consistent with the single hypothesis that cromakalim induces an interconversion of potassium channels which is reduced when potassium channels are modified by these three drugs. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:818-822
More RIpH-Reply
Authors: John W. Severinghaus
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The ghost of the "Great Trans-atlantic Acid Base Debate"<sup>1</sup>roams again. Imagine my delight in being found in<i>JAMA</i><sup>2</sup>sandwiched between founders of acid-base physical chemistry: "In the days of Arrhenius, Severinghaus, and Henderson-Hasselbalch..." in Neiberger's letter. Henderson and Hasselbalch, the first transatlantic acid-base nomenclatura, never met to consummate their hyphen.<sup>3</sup>At Harvard, Lawrence J. Henderson applied the mass action law to the CO<sub>2</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub>relationship (1907), while 10 years later, the Dane Karl Albert Hasselbalch wrote it in the logarithmic form (1917). Svante Arrhenius demonstrated ionization in a nearly disapproved thesis at Uppsala, Sweden, in 1884, which won him the Nobel Prize in 1903.<sup>4</sup>Good company, both in age and distinction! Why not switch from pH to H<sup>+</sup>, as Neiberger suggests? The H<sup>+</sup><i>activity</i>, which is what is measured by a pH electrode, approximates the H<sup>+</sup><i>ion</i>concentration, but in no
FDA should tighten post-marketing surveillance of prescription drugs, says Institute of Medicine
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should look at the risk-benefit profile of approved drugs at pre-specified times after they are put on the market, the Institute of Medicine has recommended.

Its two year study, published on 1 May, grew out of a series of high profile controversies over drugs such as rosiglitazone for diabetes, rofecoxib for pain relief, and the cholesterol lowering drug rosuvastatin. It centres on enhanced regulatory authority given to the FDA in 2007 when Congress changed the law governing the agency.

Drug …
Serum TGF-β1 in Allergic Asthma
Authors: W. Manuyakorn, S. Benjaponpitak, W. Kamchaisatian, C. Setthaudom, K. Atamasirikul, C. Sasisakulporn, C. Direkwattanachai
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Vaccine Against Human Hepatitis B
Authors: Eugene B. Buynak
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A highly purified and inactivated vaccine was made of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. The vaccine was tested exhaustively for safety by ordinary procedures and additionally in chimpanzees and marmosets. It was highly potent and induced antibody in guinea pigs, grivet monkeys, and chimpanzees after three doses of vaccine were given subcutaneously. Chimpanzees given three doses of vaccine were protected against challenge with 1,000 chimpanzee-infectious doses of live human hepatitis B virus given intravenously in controlled studies. Tests of the vaccine for control of hepatitis B in man are to be carried out.
Intravenous Home Blood Glucose Monitoring
Authors: David S Schade, R Philip Eaton, Wiliam J Mitchell, Neal M Friedman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

This study examines the correlation between the blood glucose concentration estimated by diabetic subjects at home using a Chemstrip bG reagent strip, and the blood glucose concentration subsequently measured in a Beckman glucose analyzer. Blood samples were obtained by eight diabetic patients throughout a period of 30 days in the home environment. Using the technique of i.v. blood withdrawal, a 250-μl portion of each blood sample was stored for later physician verification of the blood glucose concentration. The preservative in these stored sampled inhibited the utilization of glucose in the blood samples for at least 30 days. Our results demonstrate that in the home setting, a highly significant correlation (R = 0.85, P &amp;lt; 0.001) can be obtained between the plasma glucose concentration as estimated by Chemstrip bGs and the blood glucose concentration as estimated by Beckman automated glucose analysis. However, within the diabetic group, marked variation existed in correlation coefficients such that the highest correlation coefficient was 0.94, and the lowest was 0.72. Furthermore, the use of Chemstrip bGs tends to influence a patient's reading toward the preselected color chart of glucose concentration on the Chemstrip bG label. We conclude that i.v. home blood glucose monitoring provides a method whereby the physician can assess the accuracy with which his patients can monitor their blood glucose concentrations in a home environment.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding From Jejunal Diverticulosis
Authors: Arnold G. Coran
Journal: JAMA (1965)

HEMORRHAGE from jejunal diverticula is extremely rare. Shackelford<sup>1</sup>reviewed the literature on this subject in 1960 and found only 21 reported cases, adding 3 of his own to the list. The present case report represents a well-documented example of massive gastrointestinal bleeding from jejunal diverticulosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient (PBBH 1-03-14) was a 67-year-old white single woman who entered the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital on April 23, 1964, with a four-hour history of tarry stools. The patient had a known hiatus hernia and, in addition, took two tablets daily of a buffered aspirin preparation (Bufferin). At 4 AM on the day of admission, the patient awoke with pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen which progressed to diffuse abdominal cramps and an urgent need to defecate. During the next four hours the patient had seven tarry bowel movements and the abdominal pain subsided. She came
Update in Pulmonary Hypertension 2008
Authors: Marc Humbert
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

PAH is a disease of the small pulmonary arteries, characterized by intense remodeling resulting in a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (2). PAH is a condition that can occur in an idiopathic form or in association with other disease states or exposures and is believed to result from environmental or disease-inciting factors coupled with genetically determined susceptibilities (1, 2). By definition, patients with PAH do not have significant left heart disease, lung disease, or chronic thrombo-embolic disease (1, 2). A diagnosis of PAH requires invasive hemodynamic criteria, including a mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 25 mm Hg at rest and a normal pulmonary capillary wedge or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure less than 15 mm Hg (2). Multiple risk factors and associated conditions that trigger and/or worsen the progression of the disease have been recognized (1, 2).
Structural aberrations affecting the MYC locus indicate a poor prognosis independent of clinical risk factors in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas treated within randomized trials of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group (DSHNHL)
Authors: W Klapper, H Stoecklein, S Zeynalova, G Ott, F Kosari, A Rosenwald, M Loeffler, L Trümper, M Pfreundschuh, Reiner Siebert
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Reduced serum hepcidin levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Domenico Girelli, Michela Pasino, Julia B. Goodnough, Elizabeta Nemeth, Maria Guido, Annalisa Castagna, Fabiana Busti, Natascia Campostrini, Nicola Martinelli, Italo Vantini, Roberto Corrocher, Tomas Ganz, Giovanna Fattovich
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Brain disorders cost Europe 800bn a year
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Europe spends more on brain disorders than on cardiovascular disease and cancer combined, a comprehensive study commissioned by the European Brain Council has found.

The study, published in European Neuropsychopharmacology (doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.08.008), found that Europe spends €798bn (£685bn; $1060bn) a year on neurological and psychiatric conditions, €192bn on cardiovascular disease, and €150-250bn on cancer. The total costs comprised direct costs, such as treatment, and indirect costs, such as the cost of sickness absence.

The most costly group of brain disorders was mood disorders, including major depression and bipolar disorders (€113bn a year) and dementia (€105bn).

The researchers, who came from across Europe, used existing prevalence and economic data to estimate the costs of 19 groups of brain disorders in 30 European countries …
Life Events and Alopecia areata
Authors: Giulia I. Perini, Cleto Veller Fornasa, Roberto Cipriani, Annalisa Bettin, Francesco Zecchino, Andrea Peserico
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

48 patients with alopecia areata, 30 with common baldness, 30 with fungal infections underwent the Paykel's Interview for recent life events. In the 6 months preceding onset, alopecic patients reported 123 events (mean = 2.56), patients with common baldness 22 events (mean = 0.73), patients with fungal infections 15 (mean = 0.50) (p less than 0.001). Events with negative impact, exits from social fields, uncontrolled events and socially desirable and undesirable events were significantly more frequent in alopecic patients than in controls.
Defining the role of pollutants in the disruption of reproduction in wildlife.
Authors: J E Hose, L J Guillette
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Although chemical exposure has been associated with reduced reproduction in certain North American fish, reptiles, and mammals, definitive cause-and-effect data are lacking in many instances. Because the increasing use and global transport of industrial chemicals pose significant risk to successful reproduction, methods should be developed that can define the geographic extent and magnitude of injury and risk to wildlife. Because industrial chemicals are articles of commerce, information about injury to wildlife has been contentious and too often ineffective in changing societal behavior. The following strategies are advocated for inferring causal relationships. First, a balanced and comprehensive assessment of the data is necessary to determine the geographic extent of exposure and reproductive effects associated with environmental pollution. Initial efforts to document reproductive injury should focus on specific ecosystems in which detrimental effects have been observed, but lack sufficient causal data. Model systems (including experimental mesocosms or field ecosystems) should be identified or designed that can adequately test multigenerational reproductive effects. Mechanistic data from supportive laboratory studies on reproductive toxicity, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and bioaccumulation can be used to predict effects of related pollutants and to determine risk. Such information is essential to prevent future injury to wildlife and to prioritize the numerous remediation decisions facing our society.
Hyperinsulinaemia and blood pressure in patients with insulinoma.
Authors: N. Fujita, T. Baba, T. Tomiyama, T. Kodama, N. Kako
Journal: BMJ (1992)

A possible link between hyperinsulinaemia or insulin resistance and hypertension is currently debated.Recent evidence suggests that patients with essential hypertension are insulin resistant'2 and that hyper- insulinaemia is associated with raised blood pressure in subjects with normal glucose tolerance.3Insulin enhances sodium reabsorption from the renal tubules and stimulates the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.5 Nevertheless, it is yet unknown whether hyperinsulinaemia itself is causally related to increased blood pressure or is merely the consequence of insulin resistance in hypertensive patients.This study was designed to evaluate the relation between serum insulin concentration and blood pressure in non-obese patients with insulinoma in order to study the effect of chronic hyperinsulinaemia on blood pressure.
Book: Milk and Honey
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2002)

There's a novel deep inside most of us. Gerald Moore is a retired doctor who has got round to writing his. I gave it one star, but that should not necessarily put you off, since the interpretation (and enjoyment) of novels has an intensely personal dimension. This book tells a complex story, and there is a great deal of meaning to vie for interpretation within it.

The book is set between the first and second world wars. The title is taken from the politicians' promise—made perhaps more implicitly than explicitly to the survivors of the …
The demise of the British classic
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Old friends from medical school often greet me with “Hi Trish, how's the bike?”

I had a Japanese motorcycle that worked and a British vintage classic that spent most of its time laid out on newspaper in my room. I was no great mechanic, but with British bikes you didn't need to be. You undid the nuts and bolts, blew hard through any hollow tubes, replaced worn parts with better ones from a breaker's yard, …