tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Paralympic effect on amputees' legal claims for prosthetics
Authors: A. Bate
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Demand for newer technology may be costly but offset by improved function in the future 

London 2012 saw the most successful Paralympic Games in history, with more athletes setting more records, watched by more spectators than ever before. Public demand for tickets exceeded expectations, and the increased interest reflected a welcome change in attitudes towards disabled people in general, and amputees in particular. The success of the games was owed in part to technological advances in the field of prosthetics.

The games was a showcase for what can be achieved when technology and human effort are combined, and developments in prosthetics look set to continue raising the bar for Paralympic achievement. It is worth considering what the lasting effect of this may be in the aftermath of the games, particularly the potential impact on the cost of personal injury claims. 

Although current prosthetics are not cheap, the next generation will be even more expensive. The “Paralympic effect” may mean that not only elite athletes will want to have the benefit of ever advancing technology. The cost of personal injury claims after amputation looks set to rise. The NHS already faces challenges in providing prosthetics, and these challenges often affect users of NHS prosthetics. However, people who have lost limbs as a result of accidents or acts of negligence will not be considering future restrictions when pursuing compensation claims. It is therefore necessary to consider the impact that future technological advances may have on the cost …
MANIA SEEN WITH UNDIAGNOSED CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: FRANCIS J. KANE, MARTIN H. KEELER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

A case of mania associated with Cushing's syndrome is reported, the first such case reported. The infrequent incidence of mania with Cushing's syndrome may be related to the slowness of change usually seen with this illness which allows for development of compensating defensive processes, both psychologic and physiologic. Pregnancy, an additional physiologic and psychologic stress, may have disrupted the patient's already precariously balanced adjustment.
Do Young Children Instinctively Know What to Eat?
Authors: Mary Story, Judith E. Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

In the 1920s and 1930s, the pediatrician Clara Davis conducted pioneering studies, now considered classic, and published at least 12 papers on the selection of diets by infants and young children.1 2 3 4 The results of her research have been widely interpreted by health professionals to mean that given a wide variety of choices, children will instinctively select and consume a well-balanced diet. Such a broad conclusion was not drawn by Davis, nor can it be concluded from her research or from any other investigation. Yet, this supposition is frequently stated as fact in medical textbooks5 6 7 8 and echoed by clinicians. The misinterpretation . . .
Arms sales, health, and security
Authors: L. Korb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Since the end of the cold war, it has become clear that the main threat to global peace and security is instability in the international system. As the world's only superpower, the United States must take the lead in preserving stability. But the United States exerts its leadership not only with its hard power—its economic and military might—but also with its soft power—the values it preaches and practices.

The sources of instability in the contemporary international system range from terrorists and tyrants who seek to obtain weapons of mass destruction to failing states that can become a haven for these terrorists and tyrants. For example, when the world abandoned Afghanistan after the Soviet Union withdrew, chaos ensued as the warlords struggled for control. The Taliban eventually stepped in, imposed a fundamentalist totalitarian regime, and provided a haven for Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaeda group. Afghanistan became a training ground for the terrorists who attacked …
Germinal center formation, immunoglobulin class switching, and autoantibody production driven by "non alpha/beta" T cells.
Authors: L Wen, W Pao, F S Wong, Q Peng, J Craft, B Zheng, G Kelsoe, L Dianda, M J Owen, A C Hayday
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The production of class-switched antibodies, particularly immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgE, occurs efficiently in T cell receptor (TCR) alpha-/- mice that are congenitally devoid of alpha/beta T cells. This finding runs counter to a wealth of data indicating that IgG1 and IgE synthesis are largely dependent on the collaboration between B and alpha/beta T cells. Furthermore, many of the antibodies synthesized in TCR alpha-/- mice are reactive to a similar spectrum of self-antigens as that targeted by autoantibodies characterizing human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE, too, is most commonly regarded as an alpha/beta T cell-mediated condition. To distinguish whether the development of autoantibodies in TCR alpha-/- mice is due to an intrinsic de-regulation of B cells, or to a heretofore poorly characterized collaboration between B and "non-alpha/beta T" cells, the phenotype has been reconstituted by transfer of various populations of B and non-alpha/beta T cells including cloned gamma/delta T cells derived from TCR alpha-/- mice, to severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. The results establish that the reproducible production of IgG1 (including autoantibodies) is a product of non-alpha/beta T cell help that can be provided by gamma/delta T cells. This type of B-T collaboration sustains the production of germinal centers, lymphoid follicles that ordinarily are anatomical signatures of alpha/beta T-B cell collaboration. Thus, non-alpha/beta T cell help may drive Ig synthesis and autoreactivity under various circumstances, especially in cases of alpha/beta T cell immunodeficiency.
The use of AMD3100 plus G-CSF for autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization is superior to G-CSF alone
Authors: N. Flomenberg
Journal: Blood (2005)

Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) traffic to and are retained in the marrow through the trophic effects of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) binding to its receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). AMD3100 reversibly inhibits SDF-1alpha/CXCR4 binding, and AMD3100 administration mobilizes CD34(+) cells into the circulation. We therefore tested the hypotheses that the combination of AMD3100 plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (hereafter A + G) would be superior to G-CSF alone (hereafter G) in mobilizing hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and that A + G-mobilized cells would engraft as well as G-mobilized cells. The primary objective was to determine whether patients mobilized more progenitor cells per unit of blood volume of apheresis after A + G administration versus G alone. Secondary objectives were to determine whether patients mobilized with A + G compared with G alone required fewer apheresis procedures to reach the target level at least 5 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg for transplantation and to determine whether patients mobilized with A + G had at least a 90% success rate of autologous transplantation as assessed by neutrophil engraftment by day 21. Each patient served as his or her own control in a sequential mobilization design. All study objectives were met without significant toxicity. The results demonstrate that the combination of A + G is generally safe, effective, and superior to G alone for autologous HPC mobilization.
The tar fraction of cigarette smoke does not promote arteriosclerotic plaque development.
Authors: A Penn, K Keller, C Snyder, A Nadas, L C Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

In addition to being the single greatest known environmental cause of cancer, cigarette smoke (CS) is also a major contributor to heart disease. We reported previously that 1) inhalation of either mainstream or sidestream CS promotes aortic arteriosclerotic plaque development; 2) 1,3 butadiene, a vapor-phase component of CS, promotes plaque development at 20 ppm, which at the time was only 2 times higher than the threshold limit value; and 3) individual tar fraction carcinogens in CS, including polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrosamines, either do not promote plaque development or do so only at high concentrations. These results suggested that the tar fraction is not the primary source of plaque-promoting agents in CS. We asked whether repeated exposure to the tar fraction of CS, collected in a cold trap (TAR), promotes plaque development in an avian model of arteriosclerosis. Acetone extracts of mainstream CS tar from burning, unfiltered reference cigarettes were solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and injected weekly into cockerels for 16 weeks (25 mg/kg/week). Positive controls were injected weekly with the synthetic PAH carcinogen, 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) dissolved in DMSO and negative controls were injected with DMSO. Plaque location and prevalence did not differ from group to group. Morphometric analysis of plaque cross-sectional areas showed that plaque sizes, which are log-normally distributed, were significantly larger in the DMBA cockerels compared to both the TAR and DMSO groups. There were no significant differences in plaque size between DMSO and TAR cockerels. The results reported here, combined with other recent findings, support the conclusion that the primary arteriosclerotic plaque-promoting components of CS are in the vapor phase.
A CHYLOUS MESENTERIC CYST
Authors: G. I. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1929)

COM31PLETE iniversion of the uriniairy bladder is a conditionof suclh e-xtreme rarity that the publicationi of the clinical det,ails in suchl a case would seem to b)e wairranite(l.An uindersized, rather poorly nourished Chiniese girl, aged 15, wvith a facies suagestive of lieieditaiy; syphilis, anid mnentally very stupid, was adnmitted to hospital on August 10th, 1927.History.-Abouttwo months pr-eviously the patienit lhad nioticed 3 small and tender swellingbetween the vulvae; thlis she hadl " pushed back."There was apparently a recurrence, some five weeks later.About two days before her admission shic was carrying two heavy casks of water wheni she felt somethinig " give."On reachiiig home she founfd a large ina-s between the vulvae.On the following day slhe remained ill bed and attempted to push back the mass, but failed.On admission to hospital slhe was seen and exarmiined by the lady medical oflicer, Dr. Hewitson, who concluided that the pro- tinuding niass was possibly the urinary bladder.SlShortly afterwards I saw her, and, uinder chloroform anaestlhesia, inade a thorougl
Effect of Oximetry on Hospitalization in Bronchiolitis
Authors: Suzanne Schuh, Stephen Freedman, Allan Coates, Upton Allen, Patricia C. Parkin, Derek Stephens, Wendy Ungar, Zelia DaSilva, Andrew R. Willan
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Routine use of pulse oximetry has been associated with changes in bronchiolitis management and may have lowered the hospitalization threshold for patients with bronchiolitis.To examine if infants with bronchiolitis whose displayed oximetry measurements have been artificially elevated 3 percentage points above true values experience hospitalization rates at least 15% lower compared with infants with true values displayed.Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial conducted from 2008 to 2013 in a tertiary-care pediatric emergency department in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Participants were 213 otherwise healthy infants aged 4 weeks to 12 months with mild to moderate bronchiolitis and true oxygen saturations of 88% or higher.Pulse oximetry measurements with true saturation values displayed or with altered saturation values displayed that have been increased 3 percentage points above true values.The primary outcome was hospitalization within 72 hours, defined as inpatient admission within this interval or active hospital care for greater than 6 hours. Secondary outcomes included the use of supplemental oxygen in the emergency department, level of physician agreement with discharge from the emergency department, length of emergency department stay, and unscheduled visits for bronchiolitis within 72 hours.Forty-four of 108 patients (41%) in the true oximetry group and 26 of 105 (25%) in the altered oximetry group were hospitalized within 72 hours (difference, 16% [95% CI for the difference, 3.6% to 28.4%]; P = .005). Using the emergency department physician as a random effect, the primary treatment effect remained significant (adjusted odds ratio, 4.0 [95% CI, 1.6 to 10.5]; P = .009). None of the secondary outcomes were significantly different between the groups. There were 23 of 108 (21.3%) subsequent unscheduled medical visits for bronchiolitis in the true oximetry group and 15 of 105 (14.3%) in the altered oximetry group (difference, 7% [95% CI, -0.3% to 0.2%]; P = .18).Among infants presenting to an emergency department with mild to moderate bronchiolitis, those with an artificially elevated pulse oximetry reading were less likely to be hospitalized within 72 hours or to receive active hospital care for more than 6 hours than those with unaltered oximetry readings. This suggests that oxygen saturation should not be the only factor in the decision to admit, and its use may need to be reevaluated.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00673946.
Changes in Smoking Prevalences Among Health Care Professionals From 2003 to 2010-2011
Authors: Linda Sarna, Stella Aguinaga Bialous, Karabi Nandy, Anna Liza Malazarte Antonio, Qing Yang
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Smoking by health care professionals is a barrier to tobacco interventions with patients.1 From 2003 to 2006-2007,2 smoking prevalences among health care professionals demonstrated no significant declines, with the highest prevalence among licensed practical nurses (20.55%) and the lowest prevalence among physicians (2.31%). With the release of 2010-2011 data, we updated these findings to assess changes in smoking status.
THE ULTRA-VIOLET RAYS IN DERMATOLOGICAL PRACTICE
Authors: W. F. Castle
Journal: BMJ (1925)

JZTHITLONAan increase occurred it was considerably less than when adrenalino had beeni injected alone (see table ).Judged by this criterion, Mackenzio Wallis's preparation, tryp- sogen, especially when prepared without gold and arsenic, and to a less extent insulase and pancrehepatine, would seem to contain an antiglycogenolytic fraction whiclh is absorbed from tho alimentary tract, and, so far as one can tell without means of accurately comparing the dosage, is as active as in raw panacreas.It is probable that the age of the preparation influences its efficiency in this respect, for a sainple of pansecretin wjhiclh had been kept in the laboratory for over a year was found to have no power to neutralize the effect of adrenalinie, whereas a fresh sample used immediately after its receipt from tlle maker gave a better result.
Efficacy and safety of the ultrasonography-guided percutaneous ethanol injection as adjuvant therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma on waiting list for liver transplantation
Authors: J. Fernandez-Castroagudin, M.B. Delgado, A. Villanueva, I. Abdulkader, J.E. Dominguez-Munoz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Abstract 3187: Genomic abnormalities in air pollution-related lung cancer
Authors: Guang-Biao Zhou, Xian-Jun Yu, Li-Chuan Wu, Yun-Chao Huang, Gao-Feng Li, Zhe-Sheng Wen, Sai-Juan Chen, Yi Cao, Sheng-Yue Wang, Min-Jun Yang, Zhu Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The lung cancer incidence in Xuanwei (XW) City and Fuyuan (FY) County in Yunnan Province of China is among the highest in China, owing to high levels of air pollution produced by combustion of smoky coal. This epidemiology profile provides a unique opportunity for identifying the carcinogenic mechanism underlying air pollution. Here, we analyze the genome sequences of 14 XW/FY non-small-cell lung cancers and their paired normal tissues, and report a mean of 289 somatic exonic mutations and 71 genomic rearrangements/tumor. Among the recurring mutated genes, calcium signaling and ion channel genes are the most frequently altered gene category. Higher mutation rate in calcium signaling genes is confirmed by genomic resequencing in 65 XW/FY patients and 85 patients from control regions. Small interfering RNA mediated silencing shows that inactivation of calcium channel leads to inhibition of lung cancer cells, suggesting a role for calcium signaling molecules in air pollution-related carcinogenesis leading to lung cancer. Citation Format: Guang-Biao Zhou, Xian-Jun Yu, Li-Chuan Wu, Yun-Chao Huang, Gao-Feng Li, Zhe-Sheng Wen, Sai-Juan Chen, Yi Cao, Sheng-Yue Wang, Min-Jun Yang, Zhu Chen. Genomic abnormalities in air pollution-related lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3187. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3187
All data on both vaccines must be considered
Authors: P. Kon
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government chose the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Cervarix, after considering protection against cancer causing HPV 16 and 18, HPV 6 and 11 (which cause genital warts), and HPV strains not included in the vaccine formulation; price; and supply.1

Its decision was based on a comprehensive review of …
Hookworm Infections-Reply
Authors: Harry Most
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Perhaps I should have stated that hookworm infections of clinical significance are extremely rare in the US at the present time instead of simply saying that hookworm infections are rare. The Florida State Board of Health has reported that in 1950, of 130,000 stool examinations, 24,248 were positive for hookworm eggs; in 1955, of 136,000, 13,121 were positive; and in 1962, of 125,000, only 7,000 were positive. It is evident that there has been a continued and striking decline in infections. Further, data are available from studies of men enlisting in the US armed services during World War II. Hookworm infections may have been relatively prevalent in some Southeastern states; however, a comparison of men from areas of hookworm infection with men from other areas as to results of IQ and other performance tests, height, weight, and hemoglobin level showed that these infections were of no clinical significance.
Cutaneous metastatic angiosarcoma with a lethal outcome, following radiotherapy for a cervical carcinoma
Authors: K. KRASAGAKIS, U. HETTMANNSPERGER, B. TEBBE, C. GARBE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Cutaneous metastatic angiosarcoma with a lethal outcome, following radiotherapy for a cervical carcinoma Get access K. KRASAGAKIS, K. KRASAGAKIS Department of Dermatology. University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin. The Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. HETTMANNSPERGER, U. HETTMANNSPERGER Department of Dermatology. University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin. The Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. TEBBE, B. TEBBE Department of Dermatology. University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin. The Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. GARBE C. GARBE Department of Dermatology. University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin. The Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 4, 1 October 1995, Pages 610–614, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02714.x Published: 01 October 1995 Article history Accepted: 22 November 1994 Published: 01 October 1995
Panview Fiberscopic Examination in Marked Kyphosis
Authors: K. Yamada, M. Maruyama, Ch. Koung-Dou, T. Takemoto
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

A case of gastric ulcer with marked kyphosis who could not be examined by flexible gastroscope (modification of Schindler type), fiber-gastroscope (Hirschowitz, FGS-A, SL, CL) because of difficulty in insertion was examined by the new “panview” fiberscope (Olympus, Machida) under direct observation. These scopes readily passed into the stomach and observation was satisfactory. Thus because of the improvements of fiberscopes, the indications for gastroscopic examination have been widened.
Identification of erythroid colony progenitors in a subset of human peripheral null lymphocytes devoid of Fc receptors
Authors: C. Julian Rosenthal, Mozaffar Hassan, Ronald F. Rieder, William Brissette, Ismail Parsa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract This study was aimed at purifying the progenitors of erythroid burst units (BFU‐E) from human peripheral blood. Human mononuclear leukocytes from five normal donors were fractionated into several mononuclear cell subpopulations, including null lymphocytes with (null Fc + ) and without (null Fc − ) receptor for the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G, through a succession of rosetting procedures and discontinuous Ficoll‐Hypaque gradient centrifugations. The fractionated cells were separately cultured for 14 days in plasma clots in the presence of erythropoietin. Among fractionated cell subpopulations large and numerous BFU‐E derived colonies grew only from the Fc − null lymphocyte subpopulation. This fraction, representing less than 4% of all mononuclear cells, also contains cells (42 + 11%) capable to differentiation towards the B‐cell and plasma‐cell lineages. The Fc + null Imphocytes, representing less than 9% of all mononuclear cells, contained 15.2 + 3.3% cells capable of differentiation toward the T‐cell lineage. The whole null lymphocyte subpopulation generated half the number of BFU‐E colonies expected from its content in Fc − null lymphocytes. These data demonstrate that the progenitor of erythroid cells (BFU‐E) resides in a small heterogenous null Fc − subpopulation of circulating lymphocytes and suggest that its in vitro differentiation, though generally subjected to inhibitory and enhancing influences from other circulating cell subpopulations, does not necessarily require interaction with other peripheral blood cells.
Tomorrow's Gene Therapy Suggests Plenteous, Patent Cardiac Vessels
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

CLEARING a blocked coronary artery, ensuring that it doesn't clog up again, and engendering collateral blood vessels for extra circulatory protection may all become one simple procedure when gene therapy is applied to the human heart. This is one near-future possibility sketched by Jeffrey M. Leiden, MD, PhD, chief of cardiology, University of Chicago (Ill) Pritzker School of Medicine, at the 65th annual scientific sessions of the American Heart Association, in New Orleans, La. <h3>Somatic Gene Therapy</h3> Leiden, who is also professor of medicine and pathology, and his colleagues are among the pioneers of somatic gene therapy for cardiovascular disease. Somatic gene therapy, in which normal copies of genes are introduced into the appropriate cells of an individual to treat a specific disorder by replacing abnormal genes, can be thought of as just a new type of pharmacologic treatment. It carries none of the ethical burden of germ-line gene therapy,