tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Rheumatic Fever on Serum Concentrations of the Enzyme, Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase
Authors: IRWIN NYDICK, JAMES TANG, GENE H. STOLLERMAN, FELIX WRÓBLEWSKI, JOHN S. LADUE
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Variations in serum concentration of the enzyme, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, in 64 patients with rheumatic fever were studied. Elevations were noted in 17 of 26 patients with carditis of definite or questionable activity and transiently in one rheumatic subject with viral myocarditis. Except for one patient with polyarthritis and equivocal evidence of acute cardiac involvement, serum concentrations were normal during noncardiac rheumatic manifestations and inactive carditis. There was no relationship to temperature, sedimentation rate, white blood count or C-reactive protein. Intermittent necrosis of myocardial fibers probably leads to these increased serum transaminase concentrations.
Ethnography should replace experimentation
Authors: David F. Armstrong
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

This paper points to the need in ape language research to shift from experimentation to ethnography. We cannot determine what goes on inside the head of an ape when it communicates with a human being, but we can learn about the nature and content of the communication that occurs in such face-to-face interaction. This information is fundamental for establishing a baseline for the abilities of an ape-human common ancestor.
Increased Body Iron Stores of Obese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are a Consequence of Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinism and Are Not a Result of Reduced Menstrual Losses
Authors: Manuel Luque-Ramírez, Francisco Álvarez-Blasco, José I. Botella-Carretero, Raul Sanchón, José L. San Millán, Héctor F. Escobar-Morreale
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Increased serum ferritin levels, indicating increased body iron stores, have been found in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This finding might result from reduced menstrual losses secondary to oligo- or amenorrhea or from hyperinsulinism secondary to insulin resistance, because insulin favors the intestinal absorption and the tissue deposition of iron. To explore which of these mechanisms is responsible for the increase in body iron stores in women with PCOS, we have monitored the changes in serum ferritin levels during treatment with an antiandrogenic oral contraceptive or an insulin sensitizer.Thirty-four consecutive PCOS patients were randomized to an oral contraceptive containing 35 microg ethinyl-estradiol plus 2 mg cyproterone acetate (Diane(35) Diario) or metformin (850 mg twice daily), and their serum ferritin levels were evaluated at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment.Despite the fact that treatment with Diane(35) Diario restored regular menstrual cycles in all the patients, whereas metformin only did so in 50% of them, serum ferritin levels decreased at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment only with metformin, in association with a marked increase in insulin sensitivity. On the contrary, no changes in ferritin and insulin sensitivity were observed with Diane(35) Diario.Our present results suggest that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism, and not the reduced menstrual losses secondary to from oligo- or amenorrhea, are responsible of the increased ferritin levels and body iron stores found in overweight and obese women with PCOS.
Colombia's response to healthcare crisis
Authors: O. Bernal, J. C. Forero, I. Forde
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In 2009 Colombia declared a state of emergency in its healthcare system. <b>Oscar Bernal,</b><b>Juan Camilo Forero, </b>and<b> Ian Forde</b> describe the origins of the crisis and explore the extent to which the reforms that followed are likely secure better healthcare for the population
Clinicopathologic Correlations of Renal Biopsies from Essential Hypertensive Patients
Authors: MYRON SALTZ, SHELDON C. SOMMERS, REGINALD H. SMITHWICK
Journal: Circulation (1957)

The pathologic findings of kidney biopsies in an extensive series of patients undergoing sympathectomy are reported. The findings are correlated with the clinical status, level of hypertension, postoperative course, and length of survival.
Short-term effects of topical fusidic acid or mupirocin on the prevalence of fusidic acid resistant (Fus<sup>R</sup>)<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in atopic eczema
Authors: J.C. Ravenscroft, A.M. Layton, E.A. Eady, M.S. Murtagh, P. Coates, M. Walker, J.H. Cove
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Short‐term effects of topical fusidic acid or mupirocin on the prevalence of fusidic acid resistant (FusR) Staphylococcus aureus in atopic eczema Get access J.C. Ravenscroft, J.C. Ravenscroft Department of Dermatology, Harrogate District Hospital, Lancaster Park Road, Harrogate HG2 7SX, U.K Dr J.C.Ravenscroft, Department of Dermatology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K. E‐mail: jcravenscroft@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M. Layton, A.M. Layton Department of Dermatology, Harrogate District Hospital, Lancaster Park Road, Harrogate HG2 7SX, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.A. Eady, E.A. Eady The Skin Research Centre, Division of Microbiology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.S. Murtagh, M.S. Murtagh The Skin Research Centre, Division of Microbiology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Coates, P. Coates The Skin Research Centre, Division of Microbiology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Walker, M. Walker Department of Dermatology, Harrogate District Hospital, Lancaster Park Road, Harrogate HG2 7SX, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.H. Cove J.H. Cove The Skin Research Centre, Division of Microbiology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 5, 1 May 2003, Pages 1010–1017, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05292.x Published: 01 May 2003 Article history Accepted: 14 October 2002 Published: 01 May 2003
Predicting Outcomes of Burns
Authors: Jeffrey R. Saffle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The chances of survival after burn injury have increased steadily during the past 50 years. At the end of World War II, only 50 percent of patients survived burns involving 40 percent of their total body-surface area. Today, over 50 percent of all patients with burns involving 80 percent of their total body-surface area survive, and the survival rate may be even higher for adolescents and young adults, among whom almost no burn is too extensive to preclude recovery. This remarkable success can be attributed to a number of therapeutic developments, including vigorous fluid resuscitation, the early excision of burn . . .
Manpower and workload in adult renal medicine in the United Kingdom 1975-82.
Authors: N F Jones, F J Goodwin, A P Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Committee on Renal Medicine and the Executive Committee of the Renal Association recently conducted a survey of manpower and workload in adult renal medicine in the United Kingdom.This report describes the findings of the survey and compares them with a similar study conducted in 1975.1 Present survey MANPOWER A questionnaire was sent to the directors of all NHS renal units in the United Kingdom providing renal replacement therapy- that is, dialysis with or without transplantation.All such units in the United Kingdom submit yearly accounts of their activity to the registration committee of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association, thus facilitating their identification.The questionnaire elicited details of present senior and junior medical staffing, the proportion of time spent practising nephrology, the retirement dates of senior staff, and new posts planned.Medical associate specialists or clinical assistants were included.Details were also requested of senior and junior academic posts, funded either by the University Grants Committee or by other sources, together with individuals currently in research posts, however funded, who planned a career in nephrology in the United Kingdom.The completion date for the questionnaire was 31 March 1982.Some physicians practise nephrology outside renal units that provide full renal replacement therapy, as defined above, and considerable efforts were made to identify these doctors.A well known nephrologist in each NHS region was asked to supply details of physicians practising part time or whole time nephrology outside recognised renal units in that region.Individuals thus identified were then sent a question- naire designed to establish the proportion of their time spent practising nephrology and the special services offered within that practice.Dates of retirement and information about the nature of the post to be created by their retirement were also requested.The list of physicians so identified was then circulated to all directors of renal units with the request that omissions or errors should be notified.
Shift focus from treatment to encouraging health, safety guru tells conference
Authors: R. Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Healthcare professionals and institutions should radically change their priorities to encourage wellbeing rather than simply respond to illness, an expert in patient safety has told a conference on healthcare quality.

“Let’s embark on an audacious and courageous pursuit of wellbeing,” said Donald Berwick, who recently reviewed patient safety in the NHS.1 He was speaking on 10 April at the 19th annual International Forum on Quality and Safety in Healthcare, held in Paris.

The World Health Organization considers health “a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,” Berwick reminded delegates, emphasising the importance of kindness, generosity, …
Abstract 529: WISP-1/CCN4 is responsible for mediating the inhibitory effect of Notch-engineered stromal fibroblasts on melanoma growth
Authors: Hongwei Shao, Long Cai, Alan S. Livingstone, Omaida C. Velazquez, Zhao-Jun Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose. The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in influencing melanoma progression. Fibroblasts are major components of tumor stroma and are critically involved in promoting tumor growth and angiogenesis through secretion of soluble factors, synthesis of extracellular matrix, and direct cell-cell interaction. We aimed to alter the biological activity of stromal fibroblasts by modulating a specific signaling pathway to convert them from promoters to inhibitors of melanoma progression. Methods. Enforced activation of the Notch pathway was achieved by transducing human dermal fibroblasts with lentiviral vector encoding activated Notch1 (NIC). The effect of NIC-engineered stromal fibroblasts on melanoma growth was tested by the in vivo tumor-fibroblast co-xenografting approach. The soluble factor produced by NIC-engineered fibroblasts was identified by RT2-PCRArray and validated by Western blot analysis. The biological effect of WISP-1 on melanoma cell growth was tested in vitro by MTT. The function of WISP-1/CCN4 in mediating the inhibitory effect of NIC-engineered stromal fibroblasts on melanoma growth was examined through an siRNA-mediated blockade approach and tested by in vitro cell co-culture and animal models of tumor-fibroblast co-xenografting. Results. NIC-engineered fibroblasts significantly inhibited melanoma growth in vivo by suppressing melanoma cell proliferation and inducing melanoma cell apoptosis. Constitutive activation of Notch1 in fibroblasts up-regulated WISP-1 production. The inhibitory effect of NIC-engineered fibroblasts on melanoma growth was mediated, at least in part, by up-regulating WISP-1 expression, since recombinant WISP-1 was able to inhibit melanoma cell growth in vitro while blockade of WISP-1 production by NIC-engineered fibroblasts liberated their inhibitory effect on melanoma growth in vivo. Conclusions. Activation of Notch pathway in stromal fibroblasts can suppress melanoma growth, partially through WISP-1. Our study provides a novel approach to target the tumor microenvironment through modulating stromal fibroblasts by manipulating Notch signaling, and highlights WISP-1 as a potential therapeutic target in melanoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 529. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-529
Male and female mice overexpressing the β2-adrenergic receptor exhibit differences in ischemia/reperfusion injury: role of nitric oxide
Authors: Heather R Cross, Elizabeth Murphy, Walter J Koch, Charles Steenbergen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Cardiac overexpression of β2-adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) in male mice (MTG4) results in increased contractility and increased ischemic injury. Considering recent clinical data indicating that premenopausal women are protected from cardiovascular injury, we assessed the consequences of β2AR overexpression in females (FTG4). Since protection in females is mediated via estrogen, which activates endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and iNOS) we also examined the role of NOS in ischemia/reperfusion injury in male and female TG4 and wild-type (WT) mice. Methods: Hearts from MTG4, FTG4, MWT and FWT mice were isolated and perfused in the Langendorff mode. Hearts were pretreated with either 1 μmol/l of the nonspecific NOS inhibitor, l-NAME, or 100 nmol/l of the specific iNOS inhibitor, 1400W. Control hearts received no treatment. All hearts were subjected to 20 min ischemia and 40 min reperfusion while 31P-NMR spectra were acquired. Results: During ischemia, ATP and pH fell lower in MTG4 hearts than in FTG4 or WT hearts. Hearts from MTG4 mice exhibited increased ischemia/reperfusion injury as indicated by lower recoveries of postischemic contractile function, ATP and PCr than WT. Despite contractility being elevated in FTG4 hearts to the same level as MTG4 hearts, ischemia/reperfusion injury was not increased, as indicated by similar postischemic recoveries of contractile function, ATP and PCr in FTG4 hearts compared to WT. ATP and pH fell lower during ischemia in l-NAME-treated FTG4 hearts than in untreated FTG4 hearts, falling as low as untreated MTG4s. Recoveries of contractile function, ATP and PCr were as low in l-NAME-treated FTG4 hearts as in untreated MTG4 hearts and lower than untreated FTG4 hearts. In contrast, 1400W had no effect on FTG4 hearts. MTG4 hearts were unaffected by l-NAME or 1400W. Conclusions: β2AR overexpression increased ischemia/reperfusion injury in males but not females, thus females were protected from the detrimental effects of β2AR overexpression. Protection was abolished by treatment with l-NAME, but not 1400W, implying that protection was mediated by eNOS not iNOS.
Effects of calcium antagonists on the electrical alternans of the ST segment and on associated mechanical alternans during acute coronary occlusion in dogs.
Authors: H Hashimoto, K Suzuki, S Miyake, M Nakashima
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Effects of calcium antagonists on the ST alternans and associated mechanical alternans during acute coronary occlusion were examined in anesthetized dogs. The heart rate was fixed by atrial pacing. The intravenous administration of 0.2 mg/kg verapamil attenuated the ST alternans as did 0.5 mg/kg diltiazem. Although these drugs significantly attenuated TQ depression during occlusion, the attenuation was observed after a longer period of occlusion and when the degree of TQ depression was comparable to that during the control occlusion. Nifedipine, 0.03 mg/kg, slightly attenuated the ST alternans, but 0.5 mg/kg dipyridamole had no effect. These results support the idea that slow inward currents are involved in the ST alternans. On the other hand, the mechanical alternans was attenuated in six of 11 dogs. It is probable that factors other than the electrical alternans may also contribute to the mechanical alternans.
The randomized clinical trial: bias in analysis.
Authors: G S May, D L DeMets, L M Friedman, C Furberg, E Passamani
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The realization that bias in patient selection may influence the results of clinical studies has helped to establish the randomized controlled clinical trial in medical research. However, bias can be equally important at other stages of a trial, especially at the time of analysis. Withdrawing patients from consideration in the analysis because of ineligibility on account of study entry criteria, lack of compliance to the protocol, or data of poor quality may be a source of systematic error. Examples to illustrate the possible consequences are taken from trials in the cardiovascular field. We recommended that reported study results should include outcome data from all subjects randomized in the group to which they were originally assigned.
Costs of Cancer Screening
Authors: R. F. Webb
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Some of the difficulties involved in recommendations for cancer screening are nicely illustrated by the consecutive questions in your June 14, 1985, issue. Dr Logan emphasizes in his answer regarding fibrocystic breast disease that the American Cancer Society, American Medical Association, and American College of Radiology recommend that all women older than age 50 have yearly mammographic screening. Yet, in the previous question dealing with follow-up of a woman's status after surgery for breast cancer and, therefore, unarguably at a higher than normal risk of cancer developing in the other breast, two other recognized authorities suggest mammography every one to two years (Dr Urban), and every two years (Dr Holland). It is safe to say that the answers are not yet in; therefore, why do the various medical groups continue to make wide-ranging recommendations regarding diagnostic testing? I am very concerned about preventive care and cancer screening.
Restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategy for red blood cell transfusion: systematic review of randomised trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: L. B. Holst, M. W. Petersen, N. Haase, A. Perner, J. Wetterslev
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To compare the benefit and harm of restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies to guide red blood cell transfusions. <b>Design</b> Systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of randomised clinical trials. <b>Data sources</b> Cochrane central register of controlled trials, SilverPlatter Medline (1950 to date), SilverPlatter Embase (1980 to date), and Science Citation Index Expanded (1900 to present). Reference lists of identified trials and other systematic reviews were assessed, and authors and experts in transfusion were contacted to identify additional trials. <b>Trial selection</b> Published and unpublished randomised clinical trials that evaluated a restrictive compared with a liberal transfusion strategy in adults or children, irrespective of language, blinding procedure, publication status, or sample size. <b>Data extraction</b> Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts of trials identified, and relevant trials were evaluated in full text for eligibility. Two reviewers then independently extracted data on methods, interventions, outcomes, and risk of bias from included trials. random effects models were used to estimate risk ratios and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. <b>Results</b> 31 trials totalling 9813 randomised patients were included. The proportion of patients receiving red blood cells (relative risk 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.63, 8923 patients, 24 trials) and the number of red blood cell units transfused (mean difference −1.43, 95% confidence interval −2.01 to −0.86) were lower with the restrictive compared with liberal transfusion strategies. Restrictive compared with liberal transfusion strategies were not associated with risk of death (0.86, 0.74 to 1.01, 5707 patients, nine lower risk of bias trials), overall morbidity (0.98, 0.85 to 1.12, 4517 patients, six lower risk of bias trials), or fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction (1.28, 0.66 to 2.49, 4730 patients, seven lower risk of bias trials). Results were not affected by the inclusion of trials with unclear or high risk of bias. Using trial sequential analyses on mortality and myocardial infarction, the required information size was not reached, but a 15% relative risk reduction or increase in overall morbidity with restrictive transfusion strategies could be excluded. <b>Conclusions</b> Compared with liberal strategies, restrictive transfusion strategies were associated with a reduction in the number of red blood cell units transfused and number of patients being transfused, but mortality, overall morbidity, and myocardial infarction seemed to be unaltered. Restrictive transfusion strategies are safe in most clinical settings. Liberal transfusion strategies have not been shown to convey any benefit to patients. <b>Trial registration</b> PROSPERO CRD42013004272.
Bronchial basal cell and epithelial repair
Authors: D Faratian
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Hong KU, Reynolds SD, Watkins S, et al . Basal cells are a multipotent progenitor capable of renewing the bronchial epithelium. Am J Pathol2004;164:577–88 [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2][Web of Science][3] Understanding the mechanisms of epithelial repair provides important insights into airway diseases such as asthma and COPD. The airway epithelial structure differs between the larger conducting airways and bronchioles in which, characteristically, basal cells are absent. In the distal airway Clara cells are absolutely necessary for epithelial repair but this is … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAmerican%2BJournal%2BOf%2BPathology%26rft.stitle%253DAm.%2BJ.%2BPathol.%26rft.issn%253D0002-9440%26rft.aulast%253DHong%26rft.auinit1%253DK.%2BU.%26rft.volume%253D164%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D577%26rft.epage%253D588%26rft.atitle%253DBasal%2BCells%2BAre%2Ba%2BMultipotent%2BProgenitor%2BCapable%2Bof%2BRenewing%2Bthe%2BBronchial%2BEpithelium%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F14742263%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=14742263&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F8%2F693.atom [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000188550500023&link_type=ISI