tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Aluminum in Dialysis Dementia
Authors: GEORGE DUNEA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Between September 1972 and January 1976 an outbreak of dialysis dementia affected 20 patients maintained by long-term hemodialysis. The clinical picture was characterized by an insidious onset of altered behaviour, dementia, speech disturbance, myoclonus, and convulsions. Nineteen patients died, but one patient has survived for 16 months. It was later established that in June 1972 the city had altered its method of water purification and that this resulted in higher water aluminum levels. The temporal relation between periods of high water-aluminum content and the appearance of new cases supports the view that aluminum may play a role in the causation of dialysis dementia.
CONDENSED MILK, RICKETS AND INFECTION
Authors: Julius H. Hess
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To the Editor:  —The a book received today from the Borden Company of New York entitled Revaluations in Rickets, which they have put out to enlighten the profession on the literature pertaining to rickets, the last statement is as follows:  When an infant receives proper care, a high grade condensed milk, such as Eagle Brand, does not favor the development of rickets.  They quote me as follows:  If the diet contains sufficient milk, the artificially fed are less prone to develop the disease than when fed mainly on cereals and proprietary cereal foods with only small amounts of milk.  Just why this statement should appear in a pamphlet which is meant for Eagle Brand Company milk propaganda I cannot understand. They might better have quoted from the statement on page 485 from the same text, which reads:  Infants fed upon sweetened condensed milk for long periods seem less resistant to
Bilateral Triceps Rhabdomyolysis: An Incidental Finding on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Sergey Bykov, Izak Garty, Arkadi Shnaider
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome of skeletal muscle breakdown with leakage of muscle contents caused by a variety of mechanisms affecting myocytes and muscle membranes. It may result from direct muscle injury or from genetic and biochemical influences that alter the integrity of muscle membranes. The most frequent causes of rhabdomyolysis are excessive exercise and crush injury. Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy is a useful diagnostic tool for localization and quantification of muscular involvement in patients suspected for rhabdomyolysis. The authors present a rare case of isolated bilateral triceps muscle rhabdomyolysis that was unexpectedly detected on bone scintigraphy in a young soldier with low back pain.
Autologous myoblast transplantation after myocardial infarction increases the inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: S FERNANDES, J AMIRAULT, G LANDE, J NGUYEN, V FOREST, O BIGNOLAIS, G LAMIRAULT, D HEUDES, J ORSONNEAU, M HEYMANN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Background: Small scale clinical trials suggested the feasibility and the efficacy of autologous myoblast transplantation to improve ventricular function after myocardial infarction. However, these trials were hampered by unexpected episodes of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT). We investigated cardiac electrical stability after myoblast transplantation to the myocardium.
Transcatheter based electromechanical mapping guided intramyocardial transplantation and in vivo tracking of human stem cell based three dimensional microtissues in the porcine heart
Authors: Maximilian Y. Emmert, Petra Wolint, Sebastian Winklhofer, Paul Stolzmann, Nikola Cesarovic, Thea Fleischmann, Thi D.L. Nguyen, Thomas Frauenfelder, Roland Böni, Jacques Scherman, Dominique Bettex, Jürg Grünenfelder, Ruth Schwartlander, Viola Vogel, Mariann Gyöngyösi, Hatem Alkadhi, Volkmar Falk, Simon P. Hoerstrup
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
HoxC6 regulation of early mammary epithelial growth and differentiation: implications for breast cancer potential.
Authors: G Zhang, CA Neumann, CS Moreno, SA Rosenzweig, DD Spyropoulos
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2010 Background: Early menarche and breast development are increasingly common risk factors for breast cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms implicated include natural and anthropogenic steroids, such as estrogens, that disrupt endocrine signaling and dysregulate stem cell homeostasis. Animal models show that, although a proliferative response to estrogens in mammary epithelium is not observed until near puberty, in utero or neonatal exposure can recapitulate aberrant breast development. The molecular basis for the delay in proliferative response remains poorly understood and assessments of agent activity, potency and risk remain inaccurate. Here, we provide a candidate molecular mechanism involving the homeobox transcription factor HoxC6, through which more accurate assessments may be facilitated.&amp;#x2028; Materials &amp; Methods: Genetically and hormonally manipulated in vivo mouse models (HoxC6 targeted disruption, C6KO; and mammary epithelial-specific inducible HoxC6, MMTV-rtTA TRE-HoxC6-IRES-EGFP) and in vitro human breast cancer cell lines (MCF10A, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231; "231") were used to assess impacts on mammary epithelial growth, differentiation and expression of HoxC6 and its direct target genes IGFBP3, CD44 and FGFR2. Cell lines were manipulated using HoxC6 shRNA and cDNA lentivirus and activated Akt isoform retroviral expression vectors. Gene expression and signaling were measured by quantitative RT-qPCR, IHC, Western blot and using the BioPlex200 Multiplex System.&amp;#x2028; Results: RT-qPCR analysis shows HoxC6 expression elevated in well-differentiated cell lines (MCF10A, 5.06X; MCF7, 5.16X) and decreased in more aggressive tumor cell lines (-1.95X, 231 cells; relative to A549 cells). HoxC6 knockdown in MCF10A cells results in an inhibition of cellular growth and decreased branching in 3D cultures and dysregulation of HoxC6 target genes. These results are consistent with in vivo results in which C6KO causes defective postnatal mammary epithelial growth/branching. Rescue of growth defects in knockdown MCF10A cells is achieved to varying extents with myristoylated Akt isoforms, however morphological defects persist and are associated with EMT. HoxC6 induction in stem cells is associated with altered self-renewal and differentiation. HoxC6 repression by estrogens was assessed in vivo under conditions of neonatal estrogen exposure and estrogen-free diets, showing alterations in HoxC6 and target gene expressions and other phenotypic changes.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: Based on our results, we will present a model in which HoxC6 is estrogen-responsive and coordinates mammary stem/progenitor cell homeostatic pathways, including FGF and GH-IGF1 signaling in the control of pool size and branching morphogenesis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2010.
Arthritis and Skin Lesions Resembling Erythema Nodosum in Pancreatic Disease
Authors: GERALD T. MULLIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The clinical picture of subcutaneous fat necrosis, acute synovitis, and subcutaneous nodules present in some patients with pancreatitis or carcinoma of the pancreas may mimic erythema nodosum. Predominant severe polyarthritis secondary to periarticular fat necrosis or relatively frequent great-toe involvement may make this clinical symptom complex difficult to distinguish from a generalized connective tissue disorder or gouty arthritis. Eosinophilia of 5 to 21% has been noted frequently when subcutaneous fat necrosis accompanies carcinoma of the pancreas. Definitive diagnosis of subcutaneous or periarticular fat necrosis by skin or soft tissue biopsy has been frequently recorded among the 36 patients documented in the literature to date. Unusual subcutaneous nodules often appearing in successive crops and exhibiting a diffuse distribution (buttocks, trunk, back, and even scalp) associated with signs of active synovitis should alert the clinician to the possibility of occult or unconsidered pancreatic disease.
Is there a myoelectrical abnormality in the irritable colon syndrome?
Authors: I Taylor, C Darby, P Hammond, P Basu
Journal: Gut (1978)

Although recent work has suggested that an abnormality of the 0.05 Hz (3 c/m) slow wave electrical activity exists in the distal colon of patients with the irritable colon syndrome, it is not established whether this is related to altered bowel habit alone, or whether it is specific to the irritable colon syndrome. We have therefore studied 10 patients referred with this disorder and compared their colonic myoelectrical pattern with 10 patients suffering from assorted disorders with similar symptoms--for example, chronic pancreatitis, diverticular disease, ulcerative colitis, etc. Transit time, stool weights, percentage motility, and slow wave electrical activity were measured in each patient. The two groups were well matched for age and patients with similar symptoms in the two groups had similar values for transit time and percentage motility. There was a statistically significant increase in the 3 c/m electrical activity in patients with the irritable colon syndrome unrelated to the degree of diarrhoea or constipation. It would appear, therefore, that the abnormally high incidence of 3 c/m electrical activity in the colon is specific to the irritable colon syndrome and not merely a feature of altered bowel habit.
Comparison of ultrashort-lived iridium-191m with technetium-99m for first pass radionuclide angiocardiographic evaluation of right and left ventricular function in adults
Authors: Gary V. Heller, S. Ted Treves, J. Anthony Parker, Lori A. Duke, Gail M. O'Brien, Royal T. Davis, Christine Fitzgibbon, Alan B. Packard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
AID FOR RUSSIAN PHYSICIANS
Authors: W. S. Thayer
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —An earnest effort is being made by the American Medical Aid for Russia, the Medical Division of the American Friends Service Committee (Quakers), to collect money, clothing, instruments, books and journals for our medical colleagues in Russia.  The condition of these men is deplorable. Removed happily by the nature of their profession from the political disturbance, they have suffered doubly from the troubles of the last six years in that, while the demands for their assistance have multiplied immensely, they have been almost deprived of medical supplies: indeed, even of the necessities of life. They not only lack the barest necessities of food and clothing, but are terribly in need of drugs, medical and surgical instruments, and of books and journals.  The Quakers are in a position to assure American physicians who are willing to assist their Russian colleagues that distributions will be promptly and efficiently made
UIP, DIP, and All That
Authors: Alfred P. Fishman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

It all began with Hamman and Rich. Over a period of four years they encountered four patients with an acute respiratory illness of unknown cause that neither they nor their colleagues at Johns Hopkins Hospital had ever seen before. The disorder was short-lived, generally running its course in weeks to months, but in one patient ending fatally in three days. Dyspnea and cyanosis were striking. At autopsy, they found a "peculiar, progressive, diffuse fibrosis of the pulmonary alveolar walls, leading to deficient aeration of the blood with resulting dyspnea and cyanosis, and to enlargement and eventual failure of the right . . .
Abstract 5493: Metformin synergizes 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) sensitivity in breast cancer stem cells and non-stem breast cancer cells
Authors: Sian Siu Soo, Char Hong Ng, Rozita Abdul Malik, Yew Ching Teh, Boon Shing Tan, Gwo Fuang Ho, Mee Hoong See, Nur Aishah Mohd Taib, Cheng Har Yip, Soo Hwang Teo, Chee Onn Leong
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Incorporating cancer stem cells (CSCs)-targeting therapies into current therapies could prevent cancer progression, recurrence and metastasis. An anti-diabetic, AMPK-activating drug, metformin has been shown to kill CSCs and reduces cancer incidence and cancer related death. This study aimed to evaluate the combination treatment of metformin or other AMPK/mTOR-acting drugs with chemotherapy on breast CSCs and non-CSCs in the pre-clinical and clinical settings. We investigated the combination effect of metformin, AICAR, A-769662, or rapamycin with doxorubicin, cisplatin, paclitaxel, or FEC on breast CSCs (mammospheres) and non-CSCs in vitro. The study was extended clinically in a pilot study of ten non-diabetic locally advanced breast cancer patients treated with metformin and neoadjuvant FEC chemotherapy. Nine patients treated with FEC only were identified as historical controls. ESA+/CD44+/CD24-/low (CSCs) population of the tumor samples and tumor response were evaluated. In contrast to other drugs, metformin exhibited higher sensitivity in CSCs compared to attached cell lines. Metformin combined with FEC demonstrated a synergistic effect on breast CSCs and non-CSCs. Patients receiving metformin/FEC neoadjuvant therapy showed a significant reduction in CSCs proportion (P=0.008). Proportion of CSCs after treatment with metformin/FEC was significantly lower compared with the FEC-only neoadjuvant group (P=0.008). Five out of nine patients (56%) receiving metformin/FEC therapy showed a clinical response versus one out of eight (13%) patients in the FEC-only group. In conclusion, metformin synergizes FEC sensitivity in both CSCs and non-CSCs in breast cancer cell lines. Combination treatment of metformin and FEC reduces CSCs in primary tumor from non-diabetic locally advanced breast cancer patients. These results indicate that neoadjuvant metformin/FEC may be a potential treatment option for breast cancer patients and warrants further clinical investigations. Citation Format: Sian Siu Soo, Char Hong Ng, Rozita Abdul Malik, Yew Ching Teh, Boon Shing Tan, Gwo Fuang Ho, Mee Hoong See, Nur Aishah Mohd Taib, Cheng Har Yip, Soo Hwang Teo, Chee Onn Leong. Metformin synergizes 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) sensitivity in breast cancer stem cells and non-stem breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5493. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5493
Prevention of Hepatocyte Injury and Lipid Peroxidation by Iron Chelators and α–Tocopherol in Isolated Iron–Loaded Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Bipin K. Sharma, Bruce R. Bacon, Robert S. Britton, Chanho H. Park, Christopher J. Magiera, Rosemary O'Neill, Nicholas Dalton, Patricia Smanik, Theodore Speroff
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

These experiments were performed to characterize the relationship between lipid peroxidation and hepatocyte viability in iron overload. Hepatocytes were isolated from rats with chronic dietary iron overload and the effects of in vitro iron chelation on lipid peroxidation, cell viability and ultrastructure were studied over a 4-hr incubation period. Cell viability was significantly reduced at 3 and 4 hr in iron-loaded hepatocytes compared with controls and was preceded by an increase in iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Similarly, extensive degenerative ultrastructural changes were observed in iron-loaded hepatocytes compared with controls after 4 hr of incubation. In vitro iron chelation with either deferoxamine or apotransferrin protected against lipid peroxidation, loss of viability and ultrastructural damage in iron-loaded hepatocytes. The addition of an antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol, also protected against lipid peroxidation and preserved cell viability over a 4-hr incubation. The protective effects of iron chelators and alpha-tocopherol support a strong association between iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and hepatocellular injury in iron overload.
The Matrix Metalloproteinase System: Changes, Regulation, and Impact throughout the Ovarian and Uterine Reproductive Cycle
Authors: Thomas E. Curry, Kevin G. Osteen
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2003)

The ovary and uterus undergo extensive tissue remodeling throughout each reproductive cycle. This remodeling of the extracellular environment is dependent upon the cyclic hormonal changes associated with each estrous or menstrual cycle. In the ovary, tissue remodeling is requisite for growth and expansion of the follicle, breakdown of the follicular wall during the ovulatory process, transformation of the postovulatory follicle into the corpus luteum, as well as the structural dissolution of the corpus luteum during luteal regression. In the uterus, there is extraordinary turnover of the endometrial connective tissue matrix during each menstrual cycle. This turnover encompasses the complete breakdown and loss of this layer, followed by its subsequent regrowth. With implantation, extensive remodeling of the uterus occurs to support placentation. These dynamic changes in the ovarian and uterine extracellular architecture are regulated, in part, by the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system. The MMP system acts to control connective tissue remodeling processes throughout the body and is comprised of both a proteolytic component, the MMPs, and a regulatory component, the associated tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. The current review will highlight the key features of the MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, focus on the changes and regulation of the MMP system that take place throughout the estrous and menstrual cycles, and address the impact of the dynamic tissue remodeling processes on ovarian and uterine physiology.
Debate fuels controversy over paid-for live organ donation
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A recent symposium in Essen on living organ donation has further fuelled a controversial discussion on the commercialisation of organ donation in Germany.

Speaking at the conference, transplant surgeon Christoph Broelsch, from Essen, called for a discussion on financial rewards for living donation of kidney or liver segments.

His comments followed a talk by guest speaker, the American nobel prize winner and economist Gary S. Becker, who suggested that financial incentives for organ donation should be considered in order to prevent the development of black markets.

Broelsch came under severe criticism recently …
SERIOUS RESULTS FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF NEODIARSENOL
Authors: Thomas W. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1918)

A soldier, aged 24, weighing 145 pounds, presented himself with a solitary ulcer of five days' duration, the exudate from which on examination by the India ink method revealed the<i>Spirochaeta pallida</i>. Neodiarsenol in a dose of 0.45 gm. in 10 c.c. of sterile distilled water was given intravenously in my office. It was noted that the powder was extremely slow in dissolving and that the resulting solution was mahogany colored. Immediately after the administration, the patient complained of a choking sensation and intense pricking pains in the soles of the feet and palms of the hands which he described as being similar to the sensation of being beaten with a stiff bristle brush. While I was searching for some epinephrin, the patient reeled out of the chair in which he had been sitting and fell prone on the floor, unconscious. He remained in this state for about two minutes,
Age-Related Decline in DNA Repair Function Explains Diminished Ovarian Reserve, Earlier Menopause, and Possible Oocyte Vulnerability to Chemotherapy in Women With <i>BRCA</i> Mutations
Authors: Kutluk Oktay, Fred Moy, Shiny Titus, Robert Stobezki, Volkan Turan, Maura Dickler, Sumanta Goswami
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

In the next decade, medical expenditures for cancer care in the United States are projected to increase by 27% based on population changes alone; if the cost of the initial and terminal years of care increase by 2% annually, this estimate increases to 39%. 5 There are growing concerns among many-ranging from patients and their families to providers to payers and to policymakers-regarding these trends, their sustainability, and their ramifications.The high cost of newer anticancer drugs is certainly a contributor, but there are many other cost drivers as well.To effectively and durably address these cost issues will require attention to many factors and a comprehensive approach.Battley et al 1 provide suggestions that offer potential costsaving opportunities.These savings may not require an actual decrease in the drug unit price.That being said, the spirit of their comments clearly highlights the need for a more value-based system in determining the cost of cancer drugs, as noted in the article by Kantarjian et al 6 and the accompanying editorial. 7In addition, we congratulate Battley et al as oncologists looking to be part of the solution, the importance of which was emphasized in the editorial, 7 and we encourage other oncologists to do the same.
Peroxynitrite aggravates myocardial reperfusion injury in the isolated perfused rat heart
Authors: Xin L Ma, Bernard L Lopez, Gao-Lin Liu, Theodore A Christopher, Harry Ischiropoulos
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

This study examined the effects of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) on cardiac function and cellular injury following ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion (60 min) in isolated perfused rat hearts.3-Morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, 0.1 mM), an ONOO- donor, was administered alone or combined with superoxide dismutase (SOD, 300 U/ml) or glutathione (GSH, 1 mM) at the time of reperfusion.Administration of SIN-1 alone significantly aggravated post-ischemic myocardial injury characterized by depressed cardiac function recovery (p < 0.05 vs. vehicle), increased lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) release (p < 0.01 vs. vehicle), and enlarged necrotic size (p < 0.01 vs. vehicle). The co-administration of either SOD to decrease the formation of ONOO-, or GSH to increase the detoxification of ONOO-, completely blocked the detrimental effects of SIN-1 and exerted significant cardioprotective effects against reperfusion injury.These results suggest that ONOO- may play a significant role in postischemic myocardial injury.
Health Care Workers Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Bruce D. Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Lo and Steinbrook<sup>1</sup>provide an excellent overview of the ethical and public policy issues regarding health care workers with human immunodeficiency virus infection. They raise important concerns about the proposal of the Centers for Disease Control to have expert review panels decide on a case-by-case basis whether infected health care workers ought to be allowed to perform certain procedures. However, they fail to mention the most problematic aspect about these panels: the task the panel is being asked to perform is not strictly a scientific or clinical one, and thus it is not necessarily the case that the persons on the panel will make the appropriate recommendations.<sup>2</sup> To deliberate about what one ought to do with regard to the rights and welfare of others is to engage in moral reflection. While facts are necessary for ethical analysis, they are not sufficient. Values also play
Factors that might have eased principals' entry into practice
Authors: G. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—I agree with the points made by Cave1 in response to Easterbrooke's personal view.2 It is important to recognise, however, that most new principals have an unstructured and often traumatic entry into their first principal's post. I recently asked a group of young principals, all within their early years in practice, to identify factors that might have eased their entry into practice.

Seven main areas were identified.

Induction —All agreed …
Percutaneous endocardial injection of erythropoietin: Assessment of cardioprotection by electromechanical mapping
Authors: Korff T. Krause, Kai Jaquet, Stephan Geidel, Carsten Schneider, Christina Mandel, Hans-Peter Stoll, Klaus Hertting, Tobias Harle, Karl-Heinz Kuck
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)