tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Intrapulmonary Hemorrhage with Carbon Monoxide Uptake
Authors: Pamela W. Ewan, Hazel A. Jones, Christopher G. Rhodes, J. M. B. Hughes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

We devised a noninvasive measure of pulmonary hemorrhage of value in the management of Goodpasture's syndrome. We reasoned that alveolar uptake of inhaled carbon monoxide during breath holding would increase in the presence of extravascular blood, but clearance of its radioisotope (C15O) from a lung field would be delayed. Thus, the ratio of uptake to clearance would indicate lung hemorrhage. In 15 controls and six patients with renal failure without hemorrhage, this ratio ranged from 0.73 to 1.5. In eight patients with Goodpasture's syndrome the ratio ranged from 1.5 to 16.5, returning to normal between episodes of bleeding. Measurements of carbon monoxide uptake alone in 10 patients with Goodpasture's syndrome were at times well above that predicted for their hemoglobin level, whereas in renal failure with acute pulmonary edema increased carbon monoxide uptake was rarely found. Thus, monitoring of the single-breath carbon monoxide uptake alone can detect episodes of lung hemorrhage. (N Engl J Med 295:1391–1396, 1976)
Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration after Failed Endoscopic Stone Extraction
Authors: G. Poole, B. Waldron, S. M. Shimi, A. Cuschieri
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Despite the documented success rate and safety of laparoscopic ductal stone extraction, the majority of patients are treated with preoperative endoscopic stone extraction followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. When this fails, conventional open cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration are performed. We report here a series of patients who were treated laparoscopically after failed attempts at endoscopic stone extraction.Nineteen patients (12 women and seven men, aged 41-96 years) were treated laparoscopically. Four had undergone previous cholecystectomy. ERCP had been attempted in all patients, was unsuccessful in three patients, and had been interpreted as normal in two. Endoscopic stone extraction had been attempted in 14 patients. The mean follow-up period was 23 months, range 1-54 months.Ductal calculi were confirmed in 18 patients with successful and complete laparoscopic ductal clearance in 15 (83%), two of whom underwent an additional laparoscopic choledochoduodenostomy due to a large stone load and a grossly dilated common bile duct. Conversion to open surgery was required in three cases (17%). Ductal clearance at a single operation was achieved in all 18 patients. There were no postoperative deaths, but two patients developed postoperative complications (11% morbidity), one requiring laparotomy. The median postoperative hospital stay was five days, range 4-41 days. Recurrence of calculi was encountered in one patient.Laparoscopic ductal stone clearance after failed endoscopic stone extraction is successful in the majority of patients, and should be attempted prior to recourse to open surgery, provided the necessary laparoscopic biliary expertise is available.
Kaposi's sarcoma, vascular permeability, and scientific integrity
Authors: J. L. Bryant
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —I write in reference to the article by Dr Witte and colleagues. 1   My interest in the article stems from the fact that during the past 2 years I have been working closely in collaboration with three different investigators working with KS in Dr Gallo's laboratory. Their studies include injecting cultured cell lines of KS into nude mice and also administering EB dye via the tail vein in nude mice. As a laboratory-animal veterinarian with more than 20 years of experience working with rodents, I believe I can state that I have become highly proficient in inoculating mice. Although I did not perform the experiments to which the article refers, I have performed and am currently performing similar experiments using EB dye.  I would like to share with you my experience injecting EB dye via the tail vein in mice. If the mice are not anesthetized during
Dialysis and protein malnutrition
Authors: Mackenzie Walser
Journal: Kidney International (1999)

To the Editor: Two recent conferences have addressed (among other topics) the issues of when to start dialysis and how to prevent protein malnutrition in patients approaching end-stage renal disease. These were the National Kidney Foundation “Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative” and a conference in Washington entitled “Strategies for Influencing Outcomes in Pre-ESRD and ESRD Patients.” The consensus of both meetings was that: (1) pre-ESRD protein restriction is dangerous; and (2) dialysis should be initiated as soon as the glomerular filtration rate falls to about 10 ml/min (or perhaps 20 ml/min), especially if spontaneous protein intake decreases. The basis for these recommendations appears to be entirely conjectural. Has it been demonstrated, for example, that increasing protein intake in pre-dialysis patients will reduce the alarming incidence of hypoalbuminemia at the onset of dialysis? Apparently not. Has it been demonstrated that protein restriction predialysis adversely affects the outcome on dialysis? Apparently not. Has it been demonstrated that early dialysis is associated with lower mortality than pre-dialysis care? No. Has it been demonstrated that the same minimal value for excretory function that seems to reduce dialysis morbidity will reduce predialysis morbidity? No. The nephrology community has apparently revised its treatment recommendations on the basis of conjectures. If these conjectures are incorrect (as I believe), the results could be catastrophic.
Acute sports injuries requiring hospital care.
Authors: J Sandelin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1986)

The present investigation reports 138 consecutive patients injured in sports, who needed treatment as in-patients in a one year period. More injuries were sustained in soccer than in other sports. The lower extremity was the site of most injuries, fractures and dislocations being the most common type of injury. At follow-up 50% of the patients complained of discomfort. The average stay in hospital after a sports injury requiring hospital care was 6 days. In 52% of the patients the duration of sports incapacity was at least six months and in seven per cent the sports incapacity after the sustained injury was permanent.
Antibody response and clinical reactions in children given measles vaccine with immunoglobulin.
Authors: S Lingam, C L Miller, M Clarke, J Pateman
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Antibody responses and clinical reactions to three measles vaccines (Attenuvax, Mevilin, and Rimevax) injected into the opposite arm to immunoglobulin were assessed in 45 children with brain disorders making them susceptible to fits if given measles vaccine alone. In this small study no unacceptable reactions occurred and in only three cases was the antibody response minimal or absent. More children in this special category should be considered for vaccination against measles in this way.
A pair of ragged clauses: the health bill in the House of Lords
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The House of Lords’ attention to the details of the health reform bill is impressive



Opposition to the Health and Social Care Bill has created some odd paradoxes. It sets a health secretary who wants to give powers away against those who, years of protesting about ministerial interference notwithstanding, want him to retain them. And the same people who grumble that Andrew Lansley’s bill is one top-down reform too many clamour, nevertheless, for it to be amended so that his powers for yet more top-down reforms remain entrenched. As Hilaire Belloc put it, always keep ahold of nurse, for fear of finding something worse.

The argument over ministerial power and accountability has now taken centre stage, and there are distinct signs that the government is getting rattled. The committee stage of the bill in the House of Lords has already seen two clauses kicked temporarily into the long grass: clause 1, which covers the health secretary’s duties and obligations, and clause 4, which gives a generous measure of autonomy to NHS organisations by declaring that any person exercising functions or providing services in the NHS is free to do so “in the manner that it considers most appropriate.” …
Editorial: Drug antisubstitution laws: further comment
Authors: H. H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

During 1974, the Drug Research Board (DRB) of the National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences (NRC/NAS) held a special meeting with representatives of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. One outcome of the meeting was a statement supporting the state drug antisubstitution laws and opposing their repeal. When that statement was reviewed at the next regular meeting of the DRB, a representative of the American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA) made a plea for deferral of action at least until representatives of APhA should have had an opportunity to be heard. Accordingly, Dr. Shideman, chairman of the DRB, appointed Dr. James Pittman (chairman) and me as a committee of two to meet with APhA representatives. At the meeting that ensued, the APhA representatives announced that their association had no desire to have the antisubstitution laws repealed—only modified. The arguments were persuasive, and Dr. Pittman presented a report at the next regular meeting of the
Is It Time to Turn the Page on CLIA 1988?
Authors: Paul Bachner
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Options for the Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Susan T. Herman
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4620: Unconventional genetic determinants of resistance to 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine.
Authors: Angela H. Ting, Lars Matkin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (DAC) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. It is also being tested in Phase I and II clinical trials for efficacy against other malignancies, including brain, prostate, breast, and lung cancers. Identifying modifier genes that could confer resistance to DAC treatments is, therefore, essential in realizing the full potential of DAC as a chemotherapeutic agent. DAC is a cytosine analog that is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA, where it can prevent propagation of DNA methylation by irreversibly trapping DNA methyltransferases. The consequent reversal of epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes contributes to tumor cell death in the therapeutic context. Previous studies have identified relatively few determinants of DAC resistance, including the equilibrative nucleoside transporters, deoxycytidine kinase, and cytosine deaminase. While these genes are logical candidates because of their functions in cellular pyrimidine uptake and metabolism, our large-scale, unbiased random insertional mutagenesis screen in human cancer cell lines have identified additional, unexpected loci involved in DAC resistance. Our initial screen produced 9 mutant clones resistant to DAC at concentrations of 0.1μM and 1μM. In particular, several of the insertional mutants targeted components of the DNA damage response pathway, including ubiquitin conjugating enzymes and Fanconi anemia complementation group genes, indicating that the primary mechanism of killing by DAC may not be DNA demethylation. This is consistent with the observation that DNA double-strand breaks are among the consequences of DAC treatments. Ongoing functional studies of the mutant clones also suggest that cancer cells with increased efficiency at repairing genomic DNA damage may survive DNA demethylation in the presence of DAC. These results not only inform us of the mechanism of action of DAC-mediated cytotoxicity, our findings also have important clinical implications as these genetic modifiers are also valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for achieving personalized cancer treatments involving DAC. Citation Format: Angela H. Ting, Lars Matkin. Unconventional genetic determinants of resistance to 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4620. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4620
Open access publishing, article downloads, and citations: randomised controlled trial
Authors: P. M Davis, B. V Lewenstein, D. H Simon, J. G Booth, M. J L Connolly
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To measure the effect of free access to the scientific literature on article downloads and citations. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> 11 journals published by the American Physiological Society. <b>Participants</b> 1619 research articles and reviews. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Article readership (measured as downloads of full text, PDFs, and abstracts) and number of unique visitors (internet protocol addresses). Citations to articles were gathered from the Institute for Scientific Information after one year. <b>Interventions</b> Random assignment on online publication of articles published in 11 scientific journals to open access (treatment) or subscription access (control). <b>Results</b> Articles assigned to open access were associated with 89% more full text downloads (95% confidence interval 76% to 103%), 42% more PDF downloads (32% to 52%), and 23% more unique visitors (16% to 30%), but 24% fewer abstract downloads (−29% to −19%) than subscription access articles in the first six months after publication. Open access articles were no more likely to be cited than subscription access articles in the first year after publication. Fifty nine per cent of open access articles (146 of 247) were cited nine to 12 months after publication compared with 63% (859 of 1372) of subscription access articles. Logistic and negative binomial regression analysis of article citation counts confirmed no citation advantage for open access articles. <b>Conclusions</b> Open access publishing may reach more readers than subscription access publishing. No evidence was found of a citation advantage for open access articles in the first year after publication. The citation advantage from open access reported widely in the literature may be an artefact of other causes.
Fourth goal of perinatal medicine.
Authors: C Ounsted, J C Roberts, M Gordon, B Milligan
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Reduction in maternal mortality, infant mortality, and infant morbidity have been successively the goals of perinatal medicine. The fourth is to reduce bonding failure. In July 1978 a preventive service was started in the John Radcliffe Maternity Hospital. A twice-weekly round is made. Midwives refer families who cause them concern. In the first year the referral rate ws 20.5 per 1000 liveborn babies. The referred sample differed from the hospital population in terms of maternal psychiatric history, marital state and babies9 admission to special care. The main reasons for referral were: doubt about parenting ability (27%), psychiatric history (15%), disturbed behaviour in hospital (14%), and diffuse social and medical problems (17%). Long-term care was needed for only 14% of families. At their first birthdays, six babies were placed away from their natural parents; the sample had had a slightly higher than expected admission rate to hospital; the distribution of weights did not differ from the expected; doctors and health visitors were still concerned about one-quarter of the families. Seven cases of screening failure were found among those not referred to our service, but only one was seriously abused. No child referred in the first year has been seriously neglected or abused.
Reducation of the Utilization of the Heart by Left Heart Bypass
Authors: CLARENCE DENNIS, DAVID P. HALL, JUAN R. MORENO, ÅKE SENNING
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

Full left heart bypass reduces the oxygen utilization of the heart to about half the control levels, as measured by coronary sinus flow and arteriovenous oxygen differences. All measured lesser degrees of bypass reduce the oxygen utilization less markedly, but with high statistical significance of the reductions below controls. The reduction in oxygen utilization upon institution of partial or complete left bypass is usually the result more of a decrease in arteriovenous oxygen difference than of a decrease in coronary sinus blood flow. These results support the thesis that left heart bypass should be beneficial in reducing the internal work of the left ventricle in acute left heart failure with competent aortic valve.
Abstract LB-301: gp130/Jak/Stat3 inhibition blocks WNT signaling-mediated intestinal tumorigenesis and regeneration
Authors: Matthias Ernst
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The capacity of crypt stem cells to respond to canonical Wnt signaling enables the adult intestinal epithelium to continuously renew, regenerate after injury and, as a consequence of Apc tumor suppressor mutations, give rise to colon cancers. Likewise, Stat3 signaling is required for stem cell function and therefore also intestinal homeostasis. We previously described that therapeutic inhibition of gp130/Jak/Stat3 signaling suppresses colitis-associated colon cancer in mice [1,2]. We now find that genetic activation of gp130/Jak/Stat3 signaling augments intestinal regeneration and enhances sporadic tumorigenesis in Apc-mutant mice. Conversely, systemic gp130/Jak/Stat3 pathway restriction, or therapeutic Jak inhibition, suppresses regeneration, and also blocks initiation and growth of Apc-mutant mouse tumors, and colon cancer xenografts, without interfering with intestinal homeostasis and despite persisting high Wnt signaling. We identify gp130/Jak/Stat3-dependent induction of Bmi-1 and associated p16/p21 repression as the underlying mechanism. Our findings put in perspective observations that associate complete epithelial Stat3 deletion with reduced crypt stem cell survival and progression of Apc-mutant tumors. We therefore propose that gp130/Jak/Stat3 signaling becomes selectively rate-limiting for Apc-mutant tumor growth by serving as the “rheostat” that links intestinal proliferation to the epithelial wound-healing process hijacked by tumor cells. In turn, our findings provide a rational for therapeutic Jak inhibition in colon cancer. 1 Putoczki et al., Cancer Cell 2013 2 Stuart et al., Mol Cancer Therapy 2014 Citation Format: Matthias Ernst. gp130/Jak/Stat3 inhibition blocks WNT signaling-mediated intestinal tumorigenesis and regeneration. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-301. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-301
Diazoxide in treatment of hypertension.
Authors: K T Farn
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate the efficacy and cost effectiveness of self applied podophyllotoxin 0.5% solution and podophyllotoxin 0.15% cream, compared to clinic applied 25% podophyllin in the treatment of genital warts over 4 weeks. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a randomised controlled trial in 358 immunocompetent men and women with genital warts of 3 months’ duration or less. <b>Results:</b> In the principal analysis both podophyllotoxin solution (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.56 to 5.50) and podophyllotoxin cream (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.70) were associated with significantly increased odds of remission of all warts compared to podophyllin. We performed two further analyses. When subjects defaulting from follow up were assumed to have been cured odds of remission of all warts were also significantly increased both for podophyllotoxin solution (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.68 to 5.49) and for podophyllotoxin cream (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.38 to 4.40). When subjects defaulting from follow up were assumed not to have been cured odds of remission of all warts were significantly increased for podophyllotoxin solution (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.27), but not for podophyllotoxin cream (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.69 to 2.00). Local side effects were seen in 24% of subjects, and recurrence of warts within 12 weeks of study entry in 43% of all initially cleared subjects, without statistically significant differences between the treatment groups. Direct, indirect, and total costs were similar across the three treatment groups. Podophyllotoxin solution was the most cost effective treatment, followed by podophyllotoxin cream, with podophyllin treatment being the least cost effective. <b>Conclusions:</b> Self treatment of anogenital warts with podophyllotoxin showed greater efficacy and cost effectiveness than clinic based treatment with podophyllin.
Successful late repair of a post-traumatic bronchial stricture
Authors: H. Van Der Schaar, J. P. M. Wagenaar, J. Swierenga, A. G. Brom
Journal: Thorax (1972)

After a blunt thoracic injury a patient developed bronchial stenosis with post-stenotic infected bronchial dilatation. These changes proved to be reversible after resection of the bronchial stenosis.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with malignancies
Authors: Elie Azoulay, Virginie Lemiale, Djamel Mokart, Frédéric Pène, Achille Kouatchet, Pierre Perez, François Vincent, Julien Mayaux, Dominique Benoit, Fabrice Bruneel, Anne-Pascale Meert, Martine Nyunga, Antoine Rabbat, Michael Darmon
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
206 CYTOSKELETAL REARRANGEMENT BY THE MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE ERK5 INTERFERES WITH THE MOTILE AND INVASIVE PHENOTYPE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELLS
Authors: G. Di Maira, E. Rovida, N. Navari, K. Rombouts, P. Dello Sbarba, S. Cannito, M. Parola, F. Marra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)