tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary brain tumours and specific serum immunoglobulin E: a case–control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort
Authors: B. Schlehofer, B. Siegmund, J. Linseisen, J. Schüz, S. Rohrmann, S. Becker, D. Michaud, B. Melin, H. Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita, P. H. M. Peeters, P. Vineis, A. Tjonneland, A. Olsen, K. Overvad, I. Romieu, H. Boeing, K. Aleksandrova, A. Trichopoulou, C. Bamia, P. Lagiou, C. Sacerdote, D. Palli, S. Panico, S. Sieri, R. Tumino, M.‐J. Sanchez, L. Rodriguez, M. Dorronsoro, E. J. Duell, M.‐D. Chirlaque, A. Barricarte, S. Borgquist, J. Manjer, V. Gallo, N. E. Allen, T. J. Key, E. Riboli, R. Kaaks, J. Wahrendorf
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: Schlehofer B, Siegmund B, Linseisen J, Schüz J, Rohrmann S, Becker S, Michaud D, Melin B, Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H, Peeters PHM, Vineis P, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Romieu I, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Sacerdote C, Palli D, Panico S, Sieri S, Tumino R, Sanchez M‐J, Rodriguez L, Dorronsoro M, Duell EJ, Chirlaque M‐D, Barricarte A, Borgquist S, Manjer J, Gallo V, Allen NE, Key TJ, Riboli E, Kaaks R, Wahrendorf J. Primary brain tumours and specific serum immunoglobulin E: a case–control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Allergy 2011; 66 : 1434–1441. Abstract Background: Case–control studies suggest that patients with allergic diseases have a lower risk of developing glioma but not meningioma or schwannoma. However, those data can be differentially biased. Prospective studies with objective measurements of immunologic biomarkers, like immunoglobulin E (IgE), in blood obtained before cancer diagnosis could help to clarify whether an aetiological association exists. Methods: The present case–control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) measured specific serum IgE as a biomarker for the most common inhalant allergens in 275 glioma, 175 meningioma and 49 schwannoma cases and 963 matched controls using the ImmunoCAP specific IgE test. Subjects with an IgE level ≥0.35 kUA/l (kilo antibody units per litre) were classified as sensitized by allergens. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by adjusted conditional logistic regression models for each tumour subtype. The effect of dose–response relationship was assessed in five increasing IgE level categories to estimate P ‐values for trend. Results: The risk of glioma was inversely related to allergic sensitization (OR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.51–1.06), especially pronounced in women (OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.30–0.95). In dose–response analyses, for high‐grade glioma, the lowest OR was observed in sera with the highest IgE levels ( P for trend = 0.04). No association was seen for meningioma and schwannoma. Conclusion: The results, based on serum samples prospectively collected in a cohort study, provide some support for the hypothesis that individuals with allergic sensitization are at reduced risk of glioma and confirm results from previous case–control studies.
Use of SLP to identify disordered thoraco-abdominal breathing patterns in COPD
Authors: Willem de Boer, Rachel Wilson, Amna Khalid, Richard Iles
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The mechanism of breathing causes anterior movement of the thorax and abdomen. Increased resistance can change the phasing of these movements. Structured Light Plethysmography (SLP) is a non-invasive method of assessing thoraco-abdominal (TAA) movements during Tidal Breathing (TB). The movement of a projected grid of light records anterior displacement of the TAA region, from which complex time and movement based indices such as KM loops, and Breath Phase can be derived.

Method: TAA movements were interrogated during 20-30 contiguous tidal breaths in adults with COPD and well individuals (normal). Data was collected as per Thora3di TM (PneumaCare Ltd) user manual. Datawas appraised to exclude whole upper body movement, drift, and noise. The following outputs were recorded: Thorax Relative Expired Contribution (%), IE50 ratio, Ti, Ti/Ttot ratio, and Breath Phase (degrees). The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare groups. 21 COPD (m=12, f=9), and 31 normal individuals (m=12, f=19) were studied.

Results: Significance was seen for IE50 (p=0.001) and Phase (p=0.006). Thorax% and Ti/Ttot were not significant.

Conclusion: Significant differences were observed between the TAA movements of COPD and normals. IE50 and breath phase were significant different in COPD patients. COPD patients and normal subjects demonstrate different TAA breathing patterns that can be identified using SLP.

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2006 Ancel Keys Memorial Lecture—Diet and Heart Disease: The Seven Countries and Beyond
Authors: Walter Willett
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Studies of different populations worldwide and of migrants from low- to high-risk regions indicate that coronary heart disease (CHD) is potentially almost entirely preventable. Mechanistic studies during the past decade have indicated that many biological pathways can lead to CHD, and the opportunities for prevention have thus been expanded. Smoking accounts for about one third of myocardial infarctions in Western countries, and overweight and obesity contribute similarly. Reducing intake of total fat as a percent of calories is not an effective means for prevention, but multiple lines of evidence indicate that the type of dietary fat has a major impact on risk of CHD. Intake of trans fat from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils most strongly increases the risk, saturated fat is weakly associated with greater risk, monounsaturated fats moderately decrease risk, and polyunsaturated fats strongly decrease risk. Both N-6 and N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contribute to lower risk. The form of dietary carbohydrate also appears to influence risk of CHD importantly: Highly refined starches are related to increased risk, but consumption of whole-grain, high-fiber cereal products consistently have been associated with lower risks. Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables contributes to lower risk, probably by multiple mechanisms. Many issues remain to be settled, including the optimal mix of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, the optimal amounts of N-3 and N-6 fatty acids, the amount and source of protein, and the effects of antioxidants, other phytochemicals and minerals. From our long-term studies, we have calculated that modest dietary changes, together with avoidance of smoking, regular physical activity, and maintenance of a healthy body weight, can reduce rates of CHD by more than 80%. Failure to take advantage of dietary and lifestyle means of preventing these diseases represents a tremendous lost opportunity for improved health and well-being.
Integrated 18F – FDG PET dynamic contrast enhanced CT to phenotype non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Thida Win, Manu Shastry, Kenneth Miles, Sam Janes, Raymondo Endozo, Marie Hill, Peter Ell, Ashley Groves
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objectives:  To apply molecular and functional imaging to the pre-treatment assessment of disease using combined Dynamic Contrast enhanced CT (DCECT) and 18 Fluoride- Fluorodeoxyglucose -positron emission tomography computed tomography ( 18 F –FDG PET), in lung carcinoma to define the cancer phenotype.   Methods:  Seventy four consecutive patients with potentially curable lung cancer were prospectively recruited for combined positron  18 F-FDG PET/DCECT using an integrated 64-detector PET/CT. There were 10 technical failures leaving a study population of 64 patients (35 males; 29 females. Mean age 67.5). Studies were using an integrated 64-detector PET/CT. The uptake of  18 F-FDG quantified as the Standard Uptake Value (SUVmax) assessed tumor metabolism.   Results:  The mean tumor SUVmax, PE and SPV were 13.8, 37.6 HU and 6.5. No statistically significant relationships between tumor metabolism and vascular parameters. There were significant associations between tumor size and vascular-metabolic parameters- SUVmax v size ( r = 0.4,  p = 0.001), SUV/PE v size ( r  =0.4,  p  r  =0.4,  p  p =0.026 and 0.57 versus 0.35,  p =0.021 respectively). A phenotype with low metabolism and high vascularity was significantly more common amongst adenocarcinomas (p   Conclusion: V ascularity and metabolism are uncoupled in NSCLC. Since some lung cancer patients have inadequate tissue sampling metabolic flow data could be helpful clinically in managing lung cancer patients to targeted therapy using non-invasive  18 F-FDG PET/DCECT scan.
Immune status in patients with bronchial asthma exacerbation and comorbide digestive system diseases
Authors: Shamil Zagidullin, Elena Galimova, Guzel Nurtdinova, Rustem Zulkarneev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Bronchial asthma (BA) is frequently linked with digestive system pathology

Aim: To evaluate features of immune status in bronchial asthma (BA) patients with and without comorbide digestive system diseases (DSD).

Materials and methods: Prospective, descriptive study of 90 hospitalized patients with bronchial asthma exacerbation and 31 healthy controls. Immune status was assessed via quantitation of lymphocytes subpopulations, immunoglobulins A,E,G,M, circulating immune complexes. Digestive system diseases were diagnosed via gastroscopy and ultrasonic scanning.

Results: 61 (67,8%) patients with BA exacerbation suffered from digestive system diseases:gastritis, duodenitis-27 patients (30,0%), duodenum anabrosis-4 (4,5%), gastric-duodenum reflux-20 (22,2%), biliary dyskinesia-10 (11,1%).

Immune response parameters were decreased in both groups of BA patients vs. controls.

View this table:

Immune status in patients with BA±DSD





Patients with BA and DSD showed significant decrease of CD4, CD8 and IgA vs. controls and patients with BA without comorbidities.

Conclusions: Comorbide digestive system diseases in patients with BA are associated with significant decrease of activity of cell and humoral parts of immune system.
X-Box–Binding Protein 1 and Innate Immune Responses of Human Cystic Fibrosis Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Bob A. Lubamba, Lisa C. Jones, Wanda K. O’Neal, Richard C. Boucher, Carla M. P. Ribeiro
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a key role in host defense to inhaled bacterial pathogens, in part by secreting inflammatory mediators. Cystic fibrosis (CF) airways exhibit a persistent, robust inflammatory response that may contribute to the pathophysiology of CF. Recent findings have linked endoplasmic reticulum stress responses mediated by inositol-requiring enzyme 1α-dependent messenger RNA splicing (activation) of X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1s) to inflammation in peripheral macrophages. However, the role of XBP-1s in CF AM function is not known.To evaluate inflammatory responses of AMs from chronically infected/inflamed human CF lungs and test whether XBP-1s is required for AM-mediated inflammation.Basal and LPS-induced inflammatory responses were evaluated in primary cultures of non-CF versus CF AMs. XBP-1s was measured and its function was evaluated in AMs using 8-formyl-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (4μ8C), an inhibitor of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α-dependent XBP-1s, and in THP-1 cells stably expressing XBP-1 shRNA, XBP-1s, or a dominant-negative XBP-1.CF AMs exhibited exaggerated basal and LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6, and these responses were coupled to increased levels of XBP-1s. In non-CF and CF AMs, LPS-induced cytokine production was blunted by 4µ8C. A role for XBP-1s in AM inflammatory responses was further established by data from dTHP-1 cells indicating that expression of XBP-1 shRNA reduced XBP-1s levels and LPS-induced inflammatory responses; and LPS-induced inflammation was up-regulated by expression of XBP-1s and inhibited by dominant-negative XBP-1.These findings suggest that AMs contribute to the robust inflammation of CF airways via an up-regulation of XBP-1s-mediated cytokine production.
Eosinophils, allergy and asthma
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Occupational asthma in a pharmaceutical worker exposed to hydralazine exposure o lactose (15 min) hydralazine (30 min) BDT pre .dA. . .pre 0 20 40 6 2 4 6 8 minutes hours timeChanges in FEV, on the control day of exposure to lactose and on the last day of exposure to hydralazine.BDT-inhaled salbutamol (200 ,g).No evidence for an immunological mechan- ism of the IgE or IgG type could be found.This is true of several pharmaceutical products that cause occupational asthma."2Although no case of occupational asthma due to hydralazine has been reported to our knowledge, Fueki-without giving any objective evidence-mentioned that it could cause rhinitis.'We wish to thank Katherine Tallman for reviewing the manu- script.
Using an Informed Consent in Mammography Screening: Final Result of a Randomized Trial
Authors: P. Rosado Varela, J.M. Baena Cañada, P. Ramirez Daffós, I. Expósito Álvarez, M. González Guerrero, E. Benítez Rodriguez, E. Arriola Arellano, M.J. Gómez Reina, C. Cortés Carmona, S. Estalella Mendoza, J.A. Contreras Ibáñez, A. Rueda Ramos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Prediction of Hypertension Improvement After Stenting of Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Massoud A. Leesar, Jai Varma, Adam Shapira, Ibrahim Fahsah, Seyed T. Raza, Ziad Elghoul, Anthony C. Leonard, Karthikeyan Meganathan, Sohail Ikram
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Abstract 3995: Quantitative protein profiling of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis biomarkers in mouse and human models
Authors: Wen-Rong Lie, Jonathan Lipsey, Tim Warmke, Lin Yan, Jehangir Mistry
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Tumor and stromal cells secrete a variety of proteins acting as extracellular signals and creating a supportive microenvironment for tumor development, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We used the MILLIPLEX MAP cytokine/chemokine, cancer, angiogenesis, metastasis, MMP, bone metabolism, adipocyte, and cell signaling multi-pathway panels, based on the Luminex xMAP technology, to quantitatively evaluate the protein biomarker expression profiles on cultured mouse and human tumor cells and stromal cells as well as in vivo mouse and human tumor tissues. In the mouse system, biomarker profiling was performed to characterize secreted protein levels in Lewis Lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, B16.10 melanoma cells, b.End3 endothelial cells, and LLC tumors. The in vivo characterization, using primary tumors from mice bearing metastatic LLC, has identified differential expression of a panel of biomarkers, including amphiregulin (AREG), EGF, PECAM-1, KC, MCP-1, MIP-2, MMP-12, and resistin, between the high-fat (45% fat) and AIN-93G (15% fat) fed mice (p&amp;lt;0.05, 8 mice per group). These putative biomarkers may be involved in molecular mechanisms of the high-fat enhanced metastasis. Cell signaling pathway analysis revealed the activation of multiple pathways (JNK, p38, ERK, and STAT) in this mouse LLC model. In the human system, a heat map was generated to summarize the secreted protein signatures and the soluble receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) profile on a series of the cultured human tumor cells (lung, brain, breast, prostate, liver, and colon) and 3 other human cell lines, HUVEC (endothelial), THP-1 (monocyte), and HFF-1 (fibroblast). Lastly, expression profiling of tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 2 patients with metastatic breast cancer was analyzed. Elevated levels of protein biomarkers, including MDC, IL-1RA, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, OPG, OPN, SPARC, periostin, endoglin, PLGF, VEGF-A, MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MMP-12, were detected in the breast tumors analyzed compared to their matched adjacent normal breast tissue. In summary, our results demonstrated that multiplexing using the Luminex xMAP bead-based platform for simultaneous quantitative expression profiling is a useful proteomic research tool, providing insights into biomarkers related to tumor progression and metastasis. Citation Format: Wen-Rong Lie, Jonathan Lipsey, Tim Warmke, Lin Yan, Jehangir Mistry. Quantitative protein profiling of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis biomarkers in mouse and human models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3995. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3995
Abstract 18581: Genistein Rescues Severe Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure In Mice
Authors: Humann Matori, Soban Umar, Rod Partow-Navid, Federica Maltese, Andrea Iorga, Mansoureh Eghbali
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Phytoestrogens have been shown to reverse endothelial dysfunction in the murine model. Pre-treatment and long-term administration of a common dietary substance such as genistein, a phytoestrogen, have been shown to prevent the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and associated right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. We hypothesized that administration of genistein once the disease is established would rescue monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH and RV dysfunction. Methods: Chronic PAH with associated RV failure was induced in 2–3 month old male C57BL/6 mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg MCT (n= 8) or saline (CTRL, n=3). After 21 days, when PAH had already established, subcutaneous genistein therapy was started in one group (n=4) at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 9 days. All of the animals were sacrificed at day 30. Serial echocardiography was performed once a week in the first three weeks and every three days in the last 9 days to measure cardiac function. Direct cardi...
Abstract 2988: Changes in Coronary Revascularization Treatment Patterns Among Diabetic Patients: Results from the U.S. Medicare Program
Authors: Jason Ryan, Walter Linde-Zwirble, Luella Engelhart, Liesl Cooper, David J Cohen
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background : Recent studies have shown that the introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES) has led to increasing use of PCI and declining use of CABG as the primary mode of coronary revascularization. Diabetic patients may be uniquely affected by these changes in revascularization patterns since studies have suggested a benefit of CABG over PCI in these patients. Methods : We used the Medicare 5% Standard Analytic Files to examine the selection of revascularization procedures, clinical outcomes, and costs in the year following PCI or CABG among unselected diabetic patients, aged ≤ 65 treated in 2001 (pre-DES) and 2004 (post-DES). Costs were assessed from the Medicare program perspective in 2006 dollars. Results : From 2001 to 2004, the revascularization rate among diabetic Medicare beneficiaries remained stable, while the proportion treated with initial PCI increased (65.2% to 73.7%, p&lt;0.001). Over a median follow-up period of 13.5 months, there was no significant difference in mortality while the incidence of MI decreased (see Table ). After excluding repeat procedures during the index quarter, the incidence of any repeat revascularization decreased by 1.8% as well (p&lt;0.001). Cardiovascular (CV)-related costs decreased by $1857 (p&lt;0.001) per patient, with ~50% of the reduction occurring in the index hospitalization ($939, p&lt;0.001). Overall medical care costs decreased more modestly due to a parallel increase in non-CV related costs. Conclusion : Among diabetic Medicare beneficiaries, the introduction of DES was associated with a substantial shift in the proportion of patients treated with PCI vs. CABG as an initial revascularization strategy. These changes were associated with improved clinical outcomes and lower total CV-related costs per revascularization patient at ~1 yr. Outcomes and costs at 13.5 months after initial revascularization
Involutional melancholia revisited
Authors: R P Brown, J Sweeney, E Loutsch, J Kocsis, A Frances
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

In this study, 31 patients with involutional-onset major depression had significantly more somatization and hypochondriasis and less loss of libido, guilt, suicidal intent, and family history of depression than 60 patients with an earlier onset. Regardless of age at onset, patients over age 50 had more agitation, initial insomnia, and hypochondriasis than those under 50. These findings suggest that clinical characteristics of patients with unipolar endogenous depression may be influenced by age at both onset and time of current episode. Although there is insufficient evidence to view involutional melancholia as a separate clinical entity, further research into the genetic and biochemical basis of late-onset depression is warranted.
Violence as a public health problem
Authors: J. Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—The world report on violence and health issued by the World Health Organization unfortunately does not pay attention to the growing body of evidence that shows that violent deaths among women are often associated with pregnancy events.1-1 Homicide is a leading cause of death among pregnant women and recently pregnant women.1-2,1-3 According to one study of battered women, the target of battery during their pregnancies shifted from their face and breasts to their pregnant abdomen.1-4 This redirection of the assault implies hostility toward the woman's fertility.

Many women are coerced, pressured, or battered to submit to unwanted abortions by men who are opposed to birth.1-5 This may be a clue as to why a history of abortion is an important marker for increased risk of death from violence.1-2,1-3

A major record linkage study in Finland found that in the first year after a pregnancy event,women who had given birth were half as likely to die as women who had not been pregnant whereas women who had abortions were 76% more likely to die.1-2 The largest discrepancy was due to deaths from violence. The odds ratio of death for women who had abortions compared with women who had given birth was 4.24 for accidents, 6.46 for suicide, and 13.97 for deaths resulting from homicide.

Another large study in the United States showed that the higher risk of death associated with a history of abortion persists for at least eight years.1-3 After controlling for age and prior psychiatric history, a history of abortion was a significant marker for 3.12 times higher the risk of death from suicide and 1.93 times higher the risk of death from homicide over the entire eight years examined. The increased risk of death from violent causes was highest in the first four years after the pregnancy outcome.

While much attention is paid to the problem of unwanted pregnancies, comparatively little has been paid to the violent conflicts that erupt when pregnancies are wanted by women but not their partners. Other causes of unwanted abortions—pressure from parents, medical staff, or circumstance—can also result in grief, guilt, and loss of desire to live,1-5 which may play a part in the increased risk of deaths due to suicide and accidents among women with a history of abortion. One important step in addressing this public health crisis is to expand screening and counselling programmes for women with a history of abortion.