tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biology and therapy of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma.
Authors: A S Pappo, D N Shapiro, W M Crist, H M Maurer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To review key developments in biology and therapy of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) since the early 1970s. PATIENTS AND METHODS The literature regarding biology, therapy, and late effects of therapy through March 1995 was reviewed. RESULTS The two major histiotypes, embryonal and alveolar, are characterized by specific genetic abnormalities that provide clues to mechanisms of tumor induction. Alveolar tumors, for example, often possess a chromosomal translocation [t(2;13)(q35;q14)] that fuses the PAX3 gene in band 2q35 with the FKHR gene in band 13q14, creating a novel chimeric protein that could inappropriately activate normal targets of the PAX3 gene product, thereby contributing to tumorigenesis. Recognition of prognostically important patient groups primarily identified by tumor extent, site, and histology, and development of effective risk-based multimodal therapy in randomized trials, have increased long-term survival in RMS from 25% in 1970 to more than 70% in current studies. The most significant recent gain in therapeutic results was realized in patients with gross residual tumor after biopsy. CONCLUSION Contemporary risk-based therapy cures more than two thirds of children with RMS while minimizing acute and late effects. Increased dose-intensity of known effective agents with hematopoietic growth factor support, new agents, and hyperfractionated irradiation are being evaluated in hopes of further improving therapy. Recent discovery of novel genetic features in this tumor should lead to better methods of diagnosis and risk assessment, and ultimately to identification of molecular targets for specific treatment.
RECENT METHODS IN THE TREATMENT OF GENERAL PARALYSIS
Authors: Henry A. Bunker
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1929)

1. Of 542 tryparsamide-treated cases of general paralysis collected from the literaure, full remission of mental symptoms and restoration of the patient to approximately his former status occurred in about 35 per cent. 2. Speaking generally, some 30 injections of tryparsamide usually produce the maximum of clinical improvement of which the drug is capable in the given case, but upwards of 100 injections are often necessary to modify materially the strength of the Wassermann reaction in the spinal fluid. 3. Of 2460 malaria-treated cases of general paralysis collected from the literature, a full remission occurred in about 27 per cent, with the production of an incomplete remission in an additional 26 per cent. 4. Malaria, unaided by supplementary specific treatment, is capable of a very definite influence upon the spinal fluid pathology; but this influence, especially as regards the Wassermann reaction, is very gradual in its manifestation. 5. Women seem to respond less successfully to malaria treatment, on the whole, than do men; but it is possible that this difference between men and women patients is more apparent than real. 6. The seeming arrest of the disease process effected by malaria may be of protracted duration. Such a status characterized three out of eight patients at the end of six and one-half to seven and one-half years, 13 out of 25 patients at the end of nearly five years, and 21 out of 29 patients at the end of four to five years.
The prediction of violent behavior: toward a second generation of theory and policy
Authors: John T. Monahan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The "first generation" of research studies on the prediction of violent behavior found such prediction to be highly inaccurate. Many social policy changes were implemented or recommended on the basis of that research. More recently, a second generation of research and theory on violence prediction has begun to develop that emphasizes the limitations of the existing body of research, points to possible improvements in predictive technology, and evaluates public policies involving violence prediction only in the context of the feasible alternatives to those policies.
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE AEROSOL IN REVERSIBLE OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAYS DISEASE
Authors: KJELL ERIK LANGAKER
Journal: Allergy (1975)

Seven patients with reversible obstructive airways disease, who were unsatisfactorily relieved by conventional broncho‐dilating drugs, were admitted to a 1‐year‐long therapeutic trial with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol, 400 μg a day. After 3 weeks of treatment the mean values of VC, FEV, and PEFR were increased by about 100 per cent of the pre‐treatment values, and the consumption of self‐administered bronchodilators was markedly diminished. Throughout the trial the occupational disability and need for hospitalisation were negligible compared with the previous year. Development of tolerance to the drug was not observed during the trial. The adrenocortical function remained unaffected, as judged by the plasma cortisol levels and adrenocortical stimulation tests. Continuously low normal levels of excreted urinary 17‐ketogenic‐steroids might indicate a very slight adrenal suppression.
Histologic Analyses of Experimental Tumors From Mouse Blastocyst-Derived Cell Lines
Authors: Michael I. Sherman, Richard A. Miller, Conrad B. Richter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Previous work has shown that established cell lines can be derived from cultured mouse blastocysts. Although these cell lines differed from one another morphologically, immunologically, and biochemically, it has not been easy to determine what embryonic cell type (if any) each cell line represents. We showed in this report that these blastocyst-derived lines could produce tumors in syngeneic mice at low yields and presented the results of histologic analyses of the tumors which we carried out to learn more about the kinds of cells present in each of the lines. Tumors derived from cell line MB2 contained two kinds of cells. Most of the cells were similar to those found in so-called "parietal yolk sac carcinomas," secreted Reichert's membrane-like material, and could be found in subsequent transplant generations. The other cell type resembled trophoblast giant cells morphologically and did not survive transplantation. These results showed that MB2 contained cells which were either parietal endoderm cells or a closely related precursor. The tumor derived from MB4 consisted of small, closely packed cells intermixed with larger cells with foamy cytoplasm and occasional giant cells. Cells in subsequent passages of the tumor were often organized into acinar clusters. Biochemical evidence has suggested that MB4 cells resembled one or both components of visceral yolk sac. Visceral yolk sac sarcomas have not previously been reported; the MB4-derived tumor may prove to be the first. Tumors derived from line MB31 contained both fibroblastic and epithelioid cell types which could not be more definitively identified. Cultures derived from each kind of tumor in each case contained cells morphologically characteristic of those in the originally inoculated population. Our results showed that tumors produced from blastocyst-derived cell lines did not resemble the teratocarcinomas which formed when blastocysts were implanted into an ectopic site in vivo: They did not contain a wide variety of cell types, nor did they possess pluripotent embryonal carcinoma "stem" cells characteristic of the teratocarcinoma. That each blastocyst-derived line gave rise to a different kind of tumor suggested that each line may have been made up of cells "trapped" at some stage characteristic of the development of a particular embryonic or extraembryonic tissue. However, each tumor did contain at least two distinct cell types; this suggested that cells in the blastocyst-derived lines, though restricted to their developmental potential, may not yet have been completely determined.
Evaluation of a web based home training program for COPD patients: A controlled trial
Authors: Stephanie Jansen-Kosterink, Rianne Huis in 't Veld, Daniël Wever, Hermie Hermens, Miriam Vollenbroek-Hutten
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  An important aim of rehabilitation of patients with COPD is to support them in acquiring and maintaining an active lifestyle. Dependent on their ability to train, patients visit the rehabilitation center 2 or 3 times a week. It is hypothesized that a web based home training program, with exercise videos and a videoconference module can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of this rehabilitation program.   Aim and objective:  To evaluate a web based home training program for COPD patients in terms of user experience (satisfaction and usability) and clinical benefits (changes in subjective perceived and objective measured health status: dyspnea and fatigue (VAS), CRQ and Six Minute Walk Test).   Methods:  COPD patients were divided into a control and an intervention group. Patients of the control group followed the traditional rehabilitation program. Patients of the intervention group followed the same program but a web based home training program was provided as addition (for those visiting rehabilitation center 2 times a week) or as partly replacement (for those visiting rehabilitation center 3 times a week). At baseline and after intervention measurements were obtained.   Results:  Preliminary data analysis (n=23) shows that patients are satisfied with the web based home training program and rated its usability as good. The degree of clinical benefit of the intervention group (n=23) is similar to the progression made by the patients of the control group (n=20) after rehabilitation.   Conclusions:  Based on preliminary results, a web based home training program seems to have potential to treat patients in their own environment under professional supervision.
Humidification of inspired oxygen is increased with a pre-nasal cannula compared to intranasal cannula
Authors: Dominic Dellweg, Markus Wenzel, Ekkehard Hoehn, Olaf Bourgund, Peter Haidl
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Oxygen can be given pre- or intra-nasally ± humidification. How this impacts intra-nasal humidity has not been investigated.

Objective: To investigate nasal humidity during pre-nasal and intra-nasal oxygen administration with and without humidification.

Method: We first developed and validated a sampling and analysis system.

![Figure][1] 



By means of this system we measured nasal humidity in 12 individuals who received nasal oxygen with an intra-nasal and pre-nasal cannula at different flows ± humidification.

Results In our subjects intranasal humidity dropped significantly from 40.3 ± 8.7 % to 35.3 ± 5.8 %, 32 ± 5.6 % and 29.0 ± 6.8 % at a flow of one, two and three litres respectively when oxygen was given intra-nasally without humidification (p=0.001, p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively).

![Figure][1] 



We observed no significant change in airway humidity when oxygen was given pre-nasally without humidification.

Conclusion: Pre-nasal administration of dry oxygen achieves similar levels of intranasal humidity as intranasal administration in combination with a bubble through humidifier. Pre-nasal oxygen simplifies application and may reduce therapy cost.

 [1]: pending:yes
Morphology and Morphogenesis of Experimental Epithelial Tumors of the Intestine
Authors: Kazymir M. Pozharisski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Morphology and Morphogenesis of Experimental Epithelial Tumors of the Intestine Get access Kazymir M. Pozharisski Kazymir M. Pozharisski Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 54, Issue 5, May 1975, Pages 1115–1135, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/54.5.1115 Published: 01 May 1975 Article history Received: 27 August 1974 Accepted: 27 December 1974 Published: 01 May 1975
Interferon-α as maintenance therapy in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: C.G. Schaar, H.C. Kluin-Nelemans, C. te Marvelde, S. le Cessie, W.P. Breed, W.E. Fibbe, W.A. van Deijk, M.M. Fickers, K.J. Roozendaal, P.W. Wijermans
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)
Quantitative HER2 measurement and PI3K mutation profile in matched primary and metastatic breast cancer tissues.
Authors: Weidong Huang, Jonathan F. Lara, Richard Michaelson, Xiu Sun, Pierfranco Conte, Valentina Guarneri, Elena Barbieri, Suhail M. Ali, Kim Leitzel, Jodi Marie Weidler, Yolanda Lie, Mojgan Haddad, Agnes Paquet, Jeff Sperinde, John Howitt, Marcia Eisenberg, Laura Hurley, Christos J. Petropoulos, Allan Lipton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

614 Background: HER2 status of primary breast cancer (PBC) is routinely used to determine systemic treatment for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. Discordance rates of HER2 status between PBC and MBC range from 5.5% to 29% based on published meta-analyses. The clinical benefit of re-assessing HER2 in MBC tissues remains controversial. In this study, we measured quantitative HER2 expression in matched PBC and MBC tissues and correlated changes of HER2 with mutations in the catalytic domain of PI3 kinase(PIK3CA). Methods: Total HER2 protein expression (H2T) was quantified by the HERmark assay in 41 matched PBC and MBC formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. PIK3CA mutation status in exons 9 (E545K and E542K) and 20 (H1047R) was determined using a validated pyrosequencing assay. Results: MBC samples included 5 lymph node, 13 viscera, 6 brain, and 17 soft tissue lesions (N=41). 27 (66%) cases showed higher H2T in MBC than in matched PBC; and 14 (34%) cases had higher H2T in PBC than in matched MBC, indicating an overall increase of H2T in matched MBC lesions (fold change 0.25-17.57; p=0.005, paired Wilcoxon rank sum test). HER2 positive conversion (HERmark negative/equivocal in PBC, but positive in matched MBC) was found in 6 (15%) cases, while HER2 negative conversion (HERmark positive in PBC, but negative/equivocal in matched MBC) was seen in 2 (5%) cases. HER2 status was unchanged in 33 (80%) cases. PIK3CA mutations were detected in 13 (32%) of PBC and 19 (46%) of MBC samples. Among the HER2 positive conversion cases, PIK3CA mutation was identified in 50% (3/6) PBC and 67% (4/6) MBC, compared to 0% (0/2, PBC or MBC) in the HER2 negative conversion cases. Among cases with unchanged HER2 status, PIK3CA mutation was observed in 30% (10/33) PBC and 42% (14/33) MBC. Conclusions: Quantitative HER2 assessment revealed a 20% discordance in HER2 status between matched PBC and MBC tissues, with more frequent conversion from low HER2 in PBC to high HER2 in MBC. PIK3CA mutation was observed more frequently in patients who converted from HER2 negative PBC to HER2 positive MBC. These results suggest that re-assessment of biomarkers in MBC tissues may better inform the selection of therapeutic options for patients with MBC.
Geographic Patterns of Prostate Cancer in the United States
Authors: Aaron Blair, Joseph F. Fraumeni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Age-adjusted rates of mortality from prostate cancer during 1950-69 were correlated by race with demographic, industrial, and agricultural data from 3,056 U.S. countries. Mortality among nonwhites was 50% higher than that among whites in all parts of the country where blacks comprise most of the nonwhite population. The rising rate associated with population density among nonwhites, but not whites, suggested that environmental exposures related to urban living may account for the predisposition of American blacks to prostate cancer. Despite a clustering of counties with elevated mortality in certain North Central and Northeastern States, the geographic variation among whites with prostate tumors was considerably less than that among whites with other tumors. Mortality was elevated in counties with a high percentage of residents of Scandinavian descent, in counties with metal-using and textile industries, and in regions with high consumption of high-fat foods.
A Phase I/II Trial of Bnc105P with Everolimus in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (Mrcc): Results of the Randomized Phase Ii Disruptor-1 Trial
Authors: S. Pal, A. Azad, S. Bhatia, H. Drabkin, B. Costello, J. Sarantopolous, R. Kanesvaran, R. Lauer, C. Sweeney, N.M. Hahn, G. Sonpavde, S. Richey, T. Breen, G. Kremmidiotis, E. Doolin, D. Bibby, J. Simpson, J. Iglesias, T. Hutson
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Economic analysis of a randomized clinical trial to compare filgrastim-mobilized peripheral-blood progenitor-cell transplantation and autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Authors: T J Smith, B E Hillner, N Schmitz, D C Linch, P Dreger, A H Goldstone, M A Boogaerts, A Ferrant, H Link, A Zander, S Yanovich, R Kitchin, M H Erder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with peripheral-blood progenitor cell (PBPC) and autologous bone marrow (ABM) transplant (T) has documented survival benefits for relapsed Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Treatment costs associated with HDC and its supportive care have restricted its use both on and off clinical trial. In a prospective randomized clinical trial, filgrastim-mobilized PBPCT resulted in faster recovery of bone marrow function, with less hospitalization and supportive care than ABMT. This study was undertaken to analyze the costs of the two strategies using prospectively collected data from a randomized clinical trial that compared filgrastim-mobilized PBPCT versus ABMT. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical results and resource utilization from a randomized clinical trial that compared filgrastim-mobilized PBPCT versus ABMT following carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM) HDC for HD and NHL are presented. The trial was performed in six centers in Germany, the United Kingdom, and Belgium. Resource utilization data were used to project costs and Massay Cancer Center (MCC) in the United States incurred the cost of treating the cohort. Costs were projected to the United States, because the economic implications to United States centers are significant, costs of care vary markedly among countries but resource utilization on this trial did not, and a randomized trial is unlikely to be performed in the United States. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients with relapsed HD or NHL underwent HDC with BEAM. The PBPCT and ABMT groups had similar short-term survival after BEAM. PBPCT patients had a shorter hospitalization (median, 17 v 23 days; P = .002), neutrophil recovery (11 v 14 days; P = .005), platelet recovery to &gt; or = 20 x 10(9)/L (16 v 23 days; P = .02), and days of platelet transfusions (6 v 10; P &lt; .001). Estimated costs were $8,531 for ABM harvest and $5,760 for PBPC collection, including filgrastim mobilization. The total estimated average cost was $59,314 for each ABMT patient versus $45,792 for each PBPCT patient. Cost savings of $13,521 (23%) were due to shorter hospitalizations with less supportive care. CONCLUSION PBPCT is as safe and more effective than ABMT for HD and NHL in the short term. PBPCT represents a significant cost savings due to lower autograft collection costs, shorter hospital stays, and less supportive care. The savings exceed the costs for filgrastim mobilization and PBPC collection. Actual savings will vary depending on local practice patterns, charges, and costs.
Fibrinolytic Therapy: What Size to Fit All?
Authors: Mario Ivanuša
Journal: Circulation (2003)

To The Editor:][3] Unfortunately, for the great majority of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Croatia, use of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as a therapeutic option is still a daydream.As in other developing countries, this choice is applicable only for the selected patients who live close to specialized units for PCI and who present early after onset of STEMI.In reality, patients from county hospitals, including my hospital, who come to the emergency department immediately after onset of STEMI have the choice of fibrinolytic therapy with streptokinase.The second choice, but only for a small number of patients treated in the previous 6 months with streptokinase, is alteplase.As we have learned from the results of The National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 study, only 31% of patients are eligible for fibrinolytic therapy. 4So the majority of patients treated for STEMI will not receive reperfusion therapy.Early transportation of patients for primary PCI is not possible in countries where funds are limited.Therefore, we have to better define the most appropriate way for increasing the quality of care for potential STEMI patients.One-size reperfusion therapy will not suffice.
Ultrasound measurement of anterior neck soft tissue thickness and its correlation with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Rene Franco-Elizondo, Shweta Gupta, Jorge Mora, Ganesan Murali, Arshad Wani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background : Excessive fat tissue deposition anterolaterally to the upper airway has been identified as a contributing factor to the development of OSA. 1    Objective : To explore the relationship of soft tissue thickness of the anterior neck, measured by ultrasonound, with the presence and severity of OSA.   Study and Methods : Cross-Sectional Study. Ultrasound measurements of anterior neck thickness at the vocal cords(VC), thyroid isthmus(TI) and suprasternal notch(SN) were assessed in 106 patients in both supine and sitting positions. BMI, Neck circumference (NC) and Modified Mallampati score (MM) were obtained. All patients underwent a one-night polysomnogram where presence and severity of OSA were determined.   Results : Ultrasound measurements of the anterior neck thickness at all levels were found to be positively correlated with AHI both in supine and sitting positions(table 1).  In a multivariate linear regression analysis, anterior neck thickness at the level of the TI measured during supine(22.85 +/-9.41, 95% CI 4.18-41.51; p=0.017) and sitting (18.81 +/-8.29, 95% CI 2.36-35.26; p=0.025) positions remained positively and significantly correlated with AHI after correcting for age, BMI, NC, MM and gender.   Conclusions : In our study group, ultrasound measurement of anterior soft tissue thickness at the level of the thyroid isthmus appears to be positively correlated with AHI.   References : 1. Mortimore I.L. et al.AJRCCM 1998;157:280–3.
The Crystal Structure of H-2Dd MHC Class I Complexed with the HIV-1-Derived Peptide P18-I10 at 2.4 Å Resolution
Authors: Adnane Achour, Karina Persson, Robert A. Harris, Jonas Sundbäck, Charles L. Sentman, Ylva Lindqvist, Gunter Schneider, Klas Kärre
Journal: Immunity (1998)
Therapeutic Targeting of IL-17 and IL-23 Cytokines in Immune-Mediated Diseases
Authors: George E. Fragoulis, Stefan Siebert, Iain B. McInnes
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2015)

The discovery of the biological functions of the interleukin-23/-17 axis led to the identification of IL-23 and IL-17 as important participants in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated diseases. Therapeutic agents targeting these cytokines and/or their receptors have now been developed as potential treatment strategies for common immune-mediated diseases. Anti-IL-17 and anti-IL-12/-23 regimens appear particularly effective in psoriasis, with promising results in spondyloarthropathies also emerging. Overall, these agents appear well tolerated, with adverse-event rates that are commensurate with those in other biologic treatment programs. The strategic utility of these new agents, however, remains uncertain, and further studies will be required to determine their place in the context of existing conventional and biologic immune-modifying agents.