tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urinary leukotriene E4/exhaled nitric oxide ratio and montelukast response in childhood asthma
Authors: Nathan Rabinovitch, Nora J. Graber, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Christine A. Sorkness, Robert S. Zeiger, Robert C. Strunk, Leonard B. Bacharier, Fernando D. Martinez, Stanley J. Szefler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Medicine Seeks to Prevent More 'Lost Generations' of Low-Income Children With Avoidable Problems
Authors: Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1992)

"IN THE LAST 5 or 6 years, we have lost a generation of urban, low-income children." With this disturbing pronouncement, Margaret Heagarty, MD, director of pediatrics, Harlem Hospital, New York, NY, expresses the overwhelming problems confronting children living in the inner cities of this nation today. She says that, in some parts of New York City, 10% to 15% of infants are exposed to cocaine in utero, 3% to 4% of pregnant women are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, and hospital admissions for gunshots and stabbings have quadrupled. The real tragedy is that many problems—low birth weight, injuries, measles, tuberculosis—are preventable or treatable. The challenge is a social one and will require actions beyond prescribing medicines or performing surgeries, Heagarty says. Creativity, cooperation, and long-term vision will be key, according to speakers at a recent American Academy of Pediatrics meeting. Joel Alpert, MD, director of pediatrics at Boston (Mass)
Gray-Scale Ultrasound Evaluation of the Lower Extremities
Authors: Edward I. Bluth
Journal: JAMA (1982)

DIAGNOSTIC ultrasound continues to expand in its clinical applicability. A new direction is the sonographic evaluation of the lower extremities. Several recent articles dealing with sonographic evaluation of the popliteal fossa have reported success in imaging popliteal aneurysms and cysts, finding and diagnosing abscesses and cellulitis, and differentiating the pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome from true thrombophlebitis.<sup>1-7</sup>At Ochsner Medical Institutions, New Orleans, the authors have had considerable experience using ultrasound to answer diagnostic problems. It has been learned that patients who can benefit from gray-scale ultrasound may be divided into the following four categories: (1) those with pulsatile masses, (2) those with non-pulsatile masses, (3) those referred for evaluation of calf pain, and (4) those in a high-risk group with possible asymptomatic aneurysms (Table). <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS</h3> Patients are examined with both static and real-time scanners using 3.5- to 7.5-MHz transducers of appropriate focal length for the area being examined. Scans
Contribution of Physical Development and Muscular Strength to the Motor Performance Capacity of 7 to 12 Year Old Boys
Authors: Janet B. Teeple, T. G. Lohman, J. E. Misner, R. A. Boileau, B. H. Massey
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1975)

The contribution of selected physical development and muscular strength measures to general motor performance capacity was investigated in 55 seven to twelve year old boys. The physical development variables were height, body weight and fat-free body. Right and left hand strength, and static leg extension force of the right, left and both legs. simultaneously were used as measures of strength. The measures of general motor capacity were six field performance tests of the kind typically used by investigators and teachers including the softball throw, vertical jump, standing broad jump, shuttle run, 50 yard dash, and mile run. Data were analyzed by the method of least squares and constants fitted for height, body weight, fat-free weight and various measures of strength with chronological age held constant. Strength accounted for 18 to 43 percent of the variation in the children's motor performance score. Two measures of physical development, body weight and fat-free body weight together with age, were the dominant factors, contributing from 46 to 65 percent of the variation. Muscular strength and physical development measures together accounted for 57 to 70 percent of the variability in motor performance. For diagnostic and research purposes, measurement of physical development is an important consideration for proper interpretation of field tests of motor performance.
A8.9 Neutralisation of miR-155 ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: BE Morton, S Neben, N Gibson, C McSharry, IB McInnes, M Kurowska-Stolarska
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Elevated miR-155 expression levels mediate adaptive and inflammatory events in Rheumatoid Arthritis by inhibiting the translation of key mRNAs involved in germinal centre and anti-inflammatory signalling. miR-155-deficient mice are protected from collagen-induced arthritis due to impaired auto-antibody production, Th17 differentiation and macrophage activation. However, active miR regulation as a therapeutic modality has not been attempted in arthritis models before and is a critical next step towards evaluating the translational potential of these pathways. We therefore investigated active neutralisation of miR-155 using <i>in vitro</i>and <i>in vivo</i> models with a novel miR-155 inhibitor. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> For <i>in vitro</i> experiments, bone marrow was isolated from wild-type mice and differentiated into macrophages with M-CSF (50 ng/ml) for 6 days. Mature macrophages were transfected with miR-155 inhibitor (125, 250 or 500 nM; Regulus) or control inhibitor 24 h before stimulation with LPS (10 ng/ml). TNF-α production was measured by ELISA 24 h post-stimulation. miR-155 levels were measured by RT-qPCR. <i>In vivo</i>, CIA was induced using type II collagen with Complete Freund's Adjuvant on day 1, and re-challenging with collagen on day 21. Mice were treated therapeutically with miR-155 inhibitor, control inhibitor or PBS on days 22, 29, 36 and 41 at the dose of 25 mg/kg. Clinical changes were scored every second day and concentration of serum IgG anti-collagen antibodies measured by ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> Treatment of macrophages with miR-155 inhibitor significantly reduced TNF-α production in response to LPS (p = 0.007; <i>n = 3</i> experiments), across a range of inhibitor concentrations. The therapeutic treatment with miR-155 inhibitor <i>in vivo</i> ( <i>n = 1</i>2 mice/group) reduced onset of CIA and significantly reduced the severity of arthritis compared to control inhibitor at day 42 (clinical score 5.1+/-1.8mm versus 2.3+/-0.9mm, p &lt; 0.001). There was no difference between control inhibitor and miR-155 inhibitor treatment in levels of anti-collagen antibodies. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These experiments highlight the therapeutic potential of a miR-155 inhibitor to ameliorate severity of CIA <i>in vivo</i>. The <i>in vitro</i> mechanistic data demonstrates that the anti-inflammatory effect occurs inhibition of macrophage TNF-α production in response to LPS stimulation. The therapeutic effect of miR-155 inhibition during the effector phase of arthritis provides proof-of-concept that miR-155 is crucial in driving articular inflammation.
Screening liver transplant patients for tolerance
Authors: Alex G. Bishop, Rohan B. H. Williams
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Martínez-Llordella M, Lozano JJ, Puig-Pey I, Orlando G, Tisone G, Lerut J, et al. Using transcriptional profiling to develop a diagnostic test of operational tolerance in liver transplant recipients. J Clin Invest 2008;118:2845–2857. (Reprinted with permission.) Abstract A fraction of liver transplant recipients are able to discontinue all immunosuppressive therapies without rejecting their grafts and are said to be operationally tolerant to the transplant. However, accurate identification of these recipients remains a challenge. To design a clinically applicable molecular test of operational tolerance in liver transplantation, we studied transcriptional patterns in the peripheral blood of 80 liver transplant recipients and 16 nontransplanted healthy individuals by employing oligonucleotide microarrays and quantitative real-time PCR. This resulted in the discovery and validation of several gene signatures comprising a modest number of genes capable of identifying tolerant and nontolerant recipients with high accuracy. Multiple peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets contributed to the tolerance-associated transcriptional patterns, although NK and γδTCR+ T cells exerted the predominant influence. These data suggest that transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood can be employed to identify liver transplant recipients who can discontinue immunosuppressive therapy and that innate immune cells are likely to play a major role in the maintenance of operational tolerance in liver transplantation.
Entry of Bacteria into the Urinary Tracts of Patients with Inlying Catheters
Authors: Edward H. Kass, Lawrence J. Schneiderman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THERE is strong evidence that catheterization is an important means whereby bacteria are introduced into the urinary tract.1 2 3 4 Although bacteria are frequently introduced into the bladder at the time that catheters are inserted, urinary-tract infections are much less common after single catheterizations than after constant drainage of the bladder with inlying catheters.3 , 5 Furthermore, the prophylactic and therapeutic value of antibacterial agents is materially diminished in patients harboring inlying catheters, and the failures of antibacterial agents in such patients are usually due to the replacement of initially susceptible bacteria by resistant ones.Since the bacteria that are found in the urinary . . .
Modulation of alveolar macrophage-driven fibroblast proliferation by alternative macrophage mediators.
Authors: P B Bitterman, M D Wewers, S I Rennard, S Adelberg, R G Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Tissue fibrosis results, in part, from an interaction between growth regulatory molecules released by mononuclear phagocytes and fibroblasts. In the chronic interstitial lung disorders, alveolar macrophages, the mononuclear phagocytes of the lung, are known to spontaneously release two growth factors for fibroblasts, fibronectin and alveolar macrophage-derived growth factor (AMDGF) that together stimulate nonreplicating lung fibroblasts to divide. In addition to these two primary growth promoting signals, alveolar macrophages are able to release other mediators that may have a potential role in modulating lung fibroblast replication in response to these primary signals, including interferon gamma (IFN gamma), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin 1 (IL-1). To evaluate this possibility, we examined the effect of each of these other mediators on lung fibroblast replication in response to fibronectin and AMDGF in serum-free, defined medium. IFN gamma had no effect on fibroblast replication. In contrast, PGE2 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of fibroblast replication in response to fibronectin and AMDGF with 50% of the maximum inhibition observed at a PGE2 concentration of less than 10 ng/ml. IL-1, while not active as a primary growth promoting signal, at concentrations of 4-10 U/ml, augmented fibroblast replication in response to fibronectin and AMDGF by 10 to 15%. Temporally, the growth augmenting effect of IL-1 occurred early in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. These data indicate that lung fibroblast replication in response to two of the primary growth promoting signals spontaneously released by alveolar macrophages in the interstitial lung disorders, while uninfluenced by IFN gamma, can be inhibited by PGE2 and modestly augmented by IL-1. Understanding the relevant fibroblast growth modulatory signals within the alveolar microenvironment in the chronic interstitial disorders may lead to rational therapeutic strategies designed to interrupt the fibrotic process.
Canadian doctors call for major transformation of healthcare system
Authors: B. Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Canada’s healthcare system needs urgent overhaul so that access to essential medical services, including prescription drugs, is improved and sustained across all provinces, the Canadian Medical Association has said.

In 2008 and in 2009 the Euro-Canada Health Consumer Index ranked Canada 30th of 30 countries (the United States was not included in the sample) in terms of value for money spent on health care. Canadians deserve better, says the association.

Anne Doig, the association’s president, said, “Our system needs to be massively transformed. As physicians we’re worried . . . because with its current shortcomings, such as long wait times, the present system will …
Immediate hypersensitivity to <i>Malassezia furfur</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> mannans <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>
Authors: J. Kosonen, P. Lintu, O. Kortekangas‐Savolainen, K. Kalimo, E. O. Terho, J. Savolainen
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Elevated and correlative Malassezia furfur ( M. furfur ) and Candida albicans ( C. albicans ) mannan‐specific IgE have been demonstrated in atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) of the head, neck and shoulder (HNS) region of the skin. The significance of these antibodies in vivo has not been demonstrated. Methods: Sixty‐five AEDS patients with HNS distribution were included. Serum total IgE (S‐IgE) and yeast antigen‐specific (Cetavlon‐purified mannan and whole extract antigens of M. furfur and C. albicans ) IgE were measured and skin prick tests (SPT) were performed with the yeast antigens. Results: Mannan‐specific IgE and SPT were positive in 51 and 48% of patients with M. furfur and in 42 and 22% with C. albicans , respectively. Whole extract‐specific IgE and SPT were positive in 85 and 95% of patients with M. furfur and in 91 and 57% with C. albicans , respectively. The highest correlation between specific IgE and SPT was seen with M. furfur mannan ( r = 0.60; P &lt; 0.0001). Both M. furfur mannan‐specific IgE ( r = 0.76; P &lt; 0.0001) and SPT ( r = 0.44; P = 0.0005) correlated with S‐IgE. Conclusions: Mannan‐induced immediate hypersensitivity in vivo was demonstrated in SPT. The significant correlation between M. furfur mannan‐specific IgE and SPT suggests that mannan is an important allergen in yeast hypersensitive AEDS in vivo .
Primary Prevention of Stroke by Healthy Lifestyle
Authors: Stephanie E. Chiuve, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Donna Spiegelman, Giancarlo Logroscino, JoAnn E. Manson, Eric B. Rimm
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The combination of healthy lifestyle factors is associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and total cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the impact of multiple lifestyle factors on the risk of stroke.
Letter by Spence et al Regarding Article, “Impact of Patient and Target-Vessel Characteristics on Arterial and Venous Bypass Graft Patency: Insight From a Randomized Trial”
Authors: Mark S. Spence, Peter Klinke, David Hilton
Journal: Circulation (2007)

To the Editor:In their recent article 1 based on the 440 patients who underwent angiographic follow-up, Desai et al have proposed factors that may explain the superior radial artery compared with saphenous vein graft patency observed in their well-designed Radial Artery Patency Study. 2 We are interested in the model predictors chosen a priori on the basis of their presumed clinical relevance.Radial artery access for both diagnostic coronary angiography and intervention has become increasingly common owing to the almost negligible access-site complications and early patient mobilization with this approach. 3Nevertheless, concerns exist that previous radial artery instrumentation, including transradial catheterization, may render the radial artery unsuitable as a bypass graft. 4It is unclear from the published inclusion and exclusion criteria whether such patients were included in this trial. 5lthough severe peripheral vascular disease limiting vascular access was an exclusion criterion for the study, interestingly, 64 patients (15%) in this analysis had peripheral vascular disease, and its presence was detrimental to radial artery compared with saphenous vein graft patency. 1 As the authors state, a history of peripheral vascular disease is associated with an increased risk of radial artery atherosclerosis at the time of harvest, but it is also conceivable that these patients were more likely to have undergone previous transradial catheterization that injured the artery, causing the observed reduced patency.Given the potential for confounding, determining whether any of the radial artery grafts were previously instrumented is therefore vital in accurately interpreting these data.As advocates of transradial coronary catheterization, we hope that this excellent trial can also shed light on the vexatious issue of the suitability of the radial artery as a graft after instrumentation. 4
Prognostic significance of serum bile acids in cirrhosis
Authors: Gerd A. Mannes, Christian Thieme, Frans Stellaard, Tiancai Wang, Tilman Sauerbruch, Gustav Paumgartner
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

The value of serum bile acid concentrations for predicting prognosis in cirrhotics was compared with the prognostic significance of clinical and laboratory findings in a prospective 1–year study of 76 patients with cirrhosis. A commercial radioimmunoassay for total serum–conjugated primary bile acids was used. Of 76 patients, 16 died within the follow–up period. The concentration of bile acids in serum more closely correlated with mortality in cirrhosis than the commonly used clinical and laboratory parameters such as the Number Connection Test, ascites, albumin, pseudocholinesterase, bilirubin, prothrombin time and nutritional state. Serum bile acids alone yielded a prediction of mortality comparable to the Child classification. When logistic regression analysis was performed, optimal prediction of prognosis was achieved with the combination of serum bile acids and the Number Connection Test. Serum bile acid levels alone or in combination with the Number Connection Test may be a clinically useful prognostic index in cirrhosis.
INTERESTING THROAT PARALYSES IN A CASE OF LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA OF AN IRREGULAR FORM.
Authors: JOHN EDWIN RHODES
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Mr. F. D. R., aged 35, railroad employe, was sent to me Jan. 26, 1901. About four days previous to his visit he began to cough occasionally and had at that time noticed some difficulty in articulation, especially in the liquid sounds,<i>t</i>and<i>d</i>; the labials<i>m</i>and<i>n</i>were pronounced easily. At this time there was noticed occasional though slight regurgitation of liquids into the nasal cavity on swallowing. He gave a history of rheumatic pains in the shoulder some four or five years ago, but had had none recently. He confessed to an attack of gonorrhea, but had never had syphilis, nor were there any general symptoms indicating such an attack. His habits were good; he did not use alcoholics, and used very little tobacco. His sense of hearing was good; the sense of smell was considerably impaired; vision in the right eye was poor. There were
Effect of Chronic Quinapril Administration on Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Athanasios G Kontopoulos, Vasilios G Athyros, Trianiaffilos P Didangelos, Athanasios A Papageorgiou, Michael J Avramidis, Melahrini C Mayroudi, Dimitrios T Karamitsos
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE Heart rate variability (HRV) time and frequency domain indexes are strong predictors of malignant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) have an increased cardiovascular mortality rate compared with diabetic patients without DAN. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The present double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled study analyzed the effect of quinapril, an ACE inhibitor, on HRV time and frequency domain variables in patients with DAN. Forty patients (17 men and 23 women) of a mean age of 51 (range 19–68) years, free of coronary artery disease and arterial hypertension, were randomized into a quinapril or placebo group. HRV was recorded at months 0, 3, and 6. The parameters measured were 1) time domain indexes: SD of all 24-h R-R intervals (intervals between consecutive electrocardiogram R waves), or SDNN/24-h; mean of SD of R-R intervals of all 5-min segements (SDNN/5-min); root-mean-square of the differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD); and percentage of the R-R intervals differing more than 50 ms (pNN50); and 2) frequency domain indexes: total power (TP), high-frequency power (HFP), low-frequency power (LFP), and very-low-frequency power (VLFP). HRV level of the 40 patients were compared with one of 20 matched diabetic patients, of analogous glycemic control without DAN, and 20 healthy control subjects. RESULTS Quinapril, compared with placebo, increased total HRV: SDNN/24-h (P &amp;lt; 0.05), TP (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and HRV parameters related to parasympathetic activity: pNN50 (P &amp;lt; 0.01). RMSSD (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and HFP in absolute and normalized units (P &amp;lt; 0.01). LFP/HFP ratio was decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Despite the beneficial effect of quinapril on parasympathetic variables of HRV these remained &amp;lt; those of diabetic patients without DAN and healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that quinapril significantly increases parasympathetic activity in patients with DAN 3 months after treatment initiation and sustains this effect until the 6th month. This might contribute to the reduction of the risk for malignant ventricular arrhythmias in these patients.
Fat Inhibition of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter: A Mechanism for Fatty Food Intolerance.
Authors: Otto T. Nebel, Donald O. Castell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Fat Inhibition of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter: A Mechanism for Fatty Food Intolerance.Otto T. Nebel, Donald O. CastellOtto T. NebelSearch for more papers by this author, Donald O. CastellSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-860_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux often occur after eating, changes in lower esophageal sphincter strength after the ingestion of foods have received little attention. Recent data from this laboratory indicate that consistent increases in sphincter pressure follow a protein meal, whereas fat meals are followed by significant decreases in pressure. The interrelationship of these two basic foods was tested in normal subjects, using an infused open-tipped system to continuously record sphincter pressure. Test meals consisted of 150-calorie quantities of protein or fat in a volume of 150 ml. In addition, a 300-calorie meal of equal calorie quantities of protein and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 860-860KeywordsEatingFatsFoodGastroesophageal reflux diseaseIngestionProteinsResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Case 24-1981
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, C. Thomas Griffiths, Jaime Prat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Presentation of CaseA 45-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of an abdominal mass.Six months earlier a routine physical examination performed elsewhere was reported to be negative. Shortly thereafter she noticed a pressure sensation in the right foot, which was soon followed by weakness on extension of all the toes, with worsening during the succeeding month. At about the same time she observed a similar sensation in the left foot, accompanied by numbness along its outer edge and in the fourth and fifth toes. Numbness developed also in the left index finger and thumb. During the next . . .