tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid Factor Is Associated With the Distribution of Hand Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Chikashi Terao, Noriyuki Yamakawa, Koichiro Yano, Iris M. Markusse, Katsunori Ikari, Shinji Yoshida, Moritoshi Furu, Motomu Hashimoto, Hiromu Ito, Takao Fujii, Koichiro Ohmura, Kosaku Murakami, Meiko Takahashi, Masahide Hamaguchi, Yasuharu Tabara, Atsuo Taniguchi, Shigeki Momohara, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Cornelia F. Allaart, Hisashi Yamanaka, Tsuneyo Mimori, Fumihiko Matsuda
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease leading to joint destruction. Although many studies have addressed factors potentially correlated with the speed of joint destruction, less attention has been paid to the distribution of joint destruction in patients with RA. In this study, destruction of the hand bones in patients with RA was classified into 2 anatomic subgroups, the fingers and the non-fingers, with the aim of analyzing which factors are associated with destruction of the finger joints.A total of 1,215 Japanese patients with RA were recruited from 2 different populations. The degree of joint destruction was assessed using the total modified Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS) of radiographic joint damage. The SHS score of joint damage in the finger joints was used as the dependent variable, and the SHS score in the non-finger joints was used as a covariate. Age, sex, disease duration, smoking, C-reactive protein level, treatment for RA, and positivity for and levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor (RF) were evaluated as candidate correlates. Overall effect sizes were assessed in a meta-analysis. In addition, associations observed in the Japanese patients were compared to those in a cohort of 157 Dutch RA patients in the BeSt study (a randomized, controlled trial involving 4 different strictly specified treatment strategies for early RA).Not surprisingly, disease duration in Japanese patients with RA was associated with the finger SHS score (P ≤ 0.00037). Both positivity for and levels of RF showed significant associations with the finger SHS score after adjustment for covariates (P = 0.0022 and P = 8.1 × 10(-7) , respectively). These associations were also true in relation to the time-averaged finger SHS score. An association between RF positivity and the finger SHS score was also observed in Dutch patients with RA in the BeSt study (P = 0.049).Positivity for and levels of RF are associated with finger joint destruction independent of non-finger joint destruction and other covariates. Our findings suggest that there are different mechanisms of joint destruction operating in the finger joints of patients with RA.
Thoracentesis
Authors: Todd W Thomsen, Jennifer DeLaPena, Gary S Setnik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Thoracentesis is used diagnostically to establish the cause of a pleural effusion. It can also be performed to drain large effusions that lead to respiratory compromise. Contraindications Limited data exist regarding the safety of thoracentesis in patients with coagulation abnormalities. The procedure is probably safe in patients with mild or moderate elevations of the prothrombin time or partial-thromboplastin time. The decision to use fresh-frozen plasma or platelet concentrates in patients with clinically significant coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia must be made on an individual basis. The procedure should be used with care in patients who are receiving mechanical ventilation, since positive-pressure . . . .
Formulation development and in vitro efficacy study of a novel dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
Authors: Kiah-Shen Quek, Bee-Jen Tan, Man-Yi Wong, Wai-Keung Chui, Gigi Chiu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

B34   In patients with advanced breast cancer, antimetabolites are commonly used as monotherapy or in combination with other agents for cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, antimetabolites such as methotrexate lacks selectivity, and in response to this problem, our group has previously synthesized a novel dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, M-V-05, which is more tumor-selective. Since liposomal drug delivery offers the advantage of preferential drug accumulation in tumor site, we have formulated the inhibitor, M-V-05, in liposomes, and have tested the therapeutic activity using two estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and JIMT-1. The liposome formulation of M-V-05 was characterized based on the drug loading efficiency, stability, liposome size and polydispersity. A loading efficiency of over 70% could be achieved via the pH gradient loading method, and the formulation was stable over 4 weeks of storage at 4°C without significant aggregation. Anti-proliferative activity of liposomal M-V-05 was tested using the MTT assay, and the IC50 values were 214 μM and 135 μM for MDA-MB-231 cells and JIMT-1 cells, respectively, after a drug exposure period of 72 h. Compared to other commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs such as carboplatin and liposomal doxorubicin, liposomal M-V-05 was as effective as these drugs based on a comparison of IC50 values obtained using the breast cancer cell lines. These results demonstrated promising therapeutic potential of liposomal M-V-05 for further evaluation and development for breast cancer therapy.
A randomized, double-blind trial of filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) versus placebo following allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Michael R. Bishop, Stefano R. Tarantolo, Robert B. Geller, James C. Lynch, Philip J. Bierman, Z. Steven Pavletic, Julie M. Vose, Susan Kruse, Suzanne P. Dix, Mary E. Morris, James O. Armitage, Anne Kessinger
Journal: Blood (2000)
Cloning and Characterization of the Human Interleukin-3 (IL-3)/IL-5/ Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor βc Gene: Regulation by Ets Family Members
Authors: Thamar B. van Dijk, Belinda Baltus, Eric Caldenhoven, Hiroshi Handa, Jan A.M. Raaijmakers, Jan-Willem J. Lammers, Leo Koenderman, Rolf P. de Groot
Journal: Blood (1998)
1026. Targeted Measles Virotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Selva R. Murugesan, Masaki Akiyama, Peter W. Roelvink, David A. Einfeld, C. Richter King, Thomas J. Wickham
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Treatment of cancers in the peritoneal cavity is one of the major challenges in current medicine because of the high morbidity and mortality of the disease. The disseminated cancer cells within the peritoneal cavity are refractory to conventional therapies and have an extremely poor prognosis. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are needed. To accomplish this, we have developed a genetically modified adenovirus vector. The native adenovirus coat protein/receptor interactions are removed and replaced with new tumor selective ligand/receptor interactions capable of targeting tumors located in the peritoneal cavity. The AdL**RGD that is ablated for native receptor (CAR) binding and contains RGD4C motif in the HI loop of the fiber, allowing CAR–independent binding to 3/5 integrin that is expressed in the majority of the peritoneal cancer cells. In vivo analysis of tropism-modified vectors indicated that the AdL**RGD could reduce the non-targeted tansduction and increase the specific gene transfer to target tumor cells in the intraperitoneal (i.p.) cavity. Results also suggested that the transduction of peritoneum, liver, spleen, kidney and tumor cells following i.p. administration is CAR and/or integrins dependent and that ablation of these receptors interaction significantly reduces non-targeted tissue transduction.
Adenosine Stress Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography for the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: J. Ranjit Arnold, Theodoros D. Karamitsos, Tammy J. Pegg, Jane M. Francis, Robert Olszewski, Nick Searle, Roxy Senior, Stefan Neubauer, Harald Becher, Joseph B. Selvanayagam
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
p38α suppresses normal and cancer cell proliferation by antagonizing the JNK–c-Jun pathway
Authors: Lijian Hui, Latifa Bakiri, Andreas Mairhorfer, Norbert Schweifer, Christian Haslinger, Lukas Kenner, Vukoslav Komnenovic, Harald Scheuch, Hartmut Beug, Erwin F Wagner
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Teratocarcinogenesis in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Leroy C. Stevens, Judith A. Mackensen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Testicular teratomas occur in a predictable proportion of strain 129 mice. Subline differentiation has occurred within the strain, which has resulted in appreciable differences in the incidence of teratomas. The gene Steel (Sl) has been placed on the strain 129 background, and has markedly increased tumor incidence. The influence of the Sl gene upon teratocarcinogenesis in strain 129 mice is a new pleiotropic effect in addition to its other effects on the development of germ, pigment, and blood cells. Environmental factors also influence teratocarcinogenesis in mice. The incidence of teratomas in males of second and later Utters is twice as great as in males of first litters, which suggests that the age of the mother maybe a factor in tumor susceptibility. Teratomas occur more frequently in the left testis than the right, which indicates that the local environment also affects the initiation of teratocarcinogenesis. As a result of the information presented here, it has been feasible to undertake a study of the development of teratomas in fetal mice.
Noncultured extracted hair follicle outer root sheath cell suspension for transplantation in vitiligo
Authors: S. Mohanty, A. Kumar, J. Dhawan, V. Sreenivas, S. Gupta
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Current noncultured cell-based transplantation therapies for vitiligo largely involve shave skin biopsy for preparation of noncultured melanocyte suspension. As the overall proportion of melanocytes is low in the epidermis, these techniques require basal cell layer enrichment, which adds additional steps. We tried follicular unit extraction (FUE) to harvest hair follicles as a source of melanocytes.To evaluate the efficacy of a novel surgical method for vitiligo: noncultured extracted hair follicular outer root sheath (ORS) cell suspension transplantation.Fourteen patients with vitiligo, stable for at least 3 months, were included in this prospective study. Fifteen to 25 hair follicles were extracted from occipital scalp using the FUE method. Hair follicles were incubated with trypsin-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid solution at 37°C for 90 min to separate ORS cells. The cell suspension was filtered through a 70-μm cell strainer, then centrifuged for 5 min at 1000 r.p.m. to obtain a cell pellet. The pellet was resuspended and applied to the dermabraded recipient area and dressed.The mean ± SD repigmentation was 65·7 ± 36·7%. Overall, nine of 14 patients achieved > 75% repigmentation. Mean percentage repigmentation was significantly higher in patients with ≥ 1 year stability than those with < 1 year stability (P = 0·02).Extracted hair follicular ORS cell suspension can be a useful simplified transplantation method for vitiligo. The transplantation procedure should be reserved for patients with vitiligo stable for at least 1 year. A larger study is needed for further evaluation.
Human parathyroid hormone may prevent osteoporosis
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A recombinant human parathyroid hormone significantly reduced the risk of new fractures in postmenopausal women with previous osteoporotic fractures and significantly increased bone density, in a phase III study of the new compound.

In the trial, researchers randomised 1637 postmenopausal women with previous vertebral fractures to 20 μg or 40 μg of the parathyroid hormone or placebo administered subcutaneously daily. All patients took calcium and vitamin D supplements daily.

The parathyroid hormone was well tolerated and was associated with about a two thirds reduction in the risk of new spinal fractures and a slightly greater than 50% reduction in the risk of …
Schistosomiasis
Authors: Allen G.P. Ross, Paul B. Bartley, Adrian C. Sleigh, G. Richard Olds, Yuesheng Li, Gail M. Williams, Donald P. McManus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic-worm infection that affects about 200 million people in 74 countries. Despite major advances in treatment and control, this tropical disease continues to spread to new geographic areas. This review summarizes the manifestations of this disease, its diagnosis, medical treatment, and prophylaxis, and the prospects for a vaccine.
An Evaluation of D-Dimer in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Clive Kearon, Jeffrey S. Ginsberg, James Douketis, Alexander G. Turpie, Shannon M. Bates, Agnes Y. Lee, Mark A. Crowther, Jeffrey I. Weitz, Patrick Brill-Edwards, Philip Wells, David R. Anderson, Michael J. Kovacs, Lori-Ann Linkins, Jim A. Julian, Laura R. Bonilla, Michael Gent
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

In patients with a low clinical probability of pulmonary embolism who also have negative D-dimer test results, withholding additional diagnostic testing does not increase the frequency of venous th...
The Rôle of Specific Carbohydrates in Pneumococcus Infection and Immunity
Authors: Oswald T. Avery
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 July 1932The Rôle of Specific Carbohydrates in Pneumococcus Infection and ImmunityOSWALD T. AVERY, M.D.OSWALD T. AVERY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-1-1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMr. President; Fellows of the American College of Physicians:I count it a great privilege to be able on this occasion to express personally my deep sense of appreciation of the distinguished honor conferred upon me by the American College of Physicians. In awarding me the John Phillips Memorial Prize I feel that you have been far too generous in your appraisal of my share in the work for which this distinction is granted. I am conscious that whatever merit may accrue to the studies in which it has been my privilege to participate is due in great part to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York City*From the Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute, New York City.†Delivered at the San Francisco Meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 6, 1932, at the presentation of the John Phillips Memorial Prize. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAvery, Oswald TheodoreHypochlorite scavenging by Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginateReferencesBakterien als KrankheitserregerOswald Theodore Avery, 1877-1955CELLULAR STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS CONCERNED IN PARASITISM 1 July 1932Volume 6, Issue 1Page: 1-9KeywordsCarbohydratesPneumococcus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1932 PDF downloadLoading ...
How the medical comorbidity of depressed patients differs across health care settings: results from the Medical Outcomes Study
Authors: K B Wells, W Rogers, A Burnam, S Greenfield, J E Ware
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

Although depression is one of the most common problems of medical and psychiatric outpatients, it has not been clear whether the extent of medical comorbidity among depressed patients varies across major types of clinical settings in which depressed patients receive care--especially by type of treating clinician (general medical versus mental health specialty) or type of payment for services (prepaid versus fee-for-service).The authors examined these issues using data on 1,152 adult outpatients with current depressive symptoms and a lifetime history of unipolar depressive disorder who received care in one of three health care delivery systems in three U.S. sites.Depressed patients had a similarly high prevalence (64.9%-71.0%) of any of eight common chronic medical conditions whether they were seen in the general medical or specialty mental health sector; however, those visiting medical clinicians had a significantly higher prevalence of the two most common chronic medical conditions, hypertension and arthritis. Among depressed patients with hypertension, those visiting the general medical sector were more likely to be taking antihypertensive medication than were those visiting the mental health specialty sector. Type of payment (prepaid versus fee-for-service) was unrelated to either prevalence or severity of comorbid medical conditions, suggesting that the typical depressed patient in all types of practices studied had medical comorbidity.These data suggest that clinicians in all health care settings must be prepared to encounter chronic medical conditions and complaints in the depressed patients who visit them.
Abstract 18291: Computed Tomography Angiography Can Replace Cardiac Catheterization in the Surgical Planning of Select Neonates with Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals
Authors: Holly Bauser-Heaton, Lynn Peng, Stanton B Perry, Jeffrey A Feinstein, Frank L Hanley, Frandics P Chan
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Neonates with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and major aortopulmonary collaterals (MAPCAs) routinely undergo cardiac catheterization in the neonatal period. We have recently incorporated CT angiography into the neonatal evaluation with the hope of eliminating catheterization in those not needing neonatal intervention. We reviewed our experience with CT angiography and its accuracy in determining the need for neonatal intervention. Methods: Retrospective review of all patients from April 2005-October 2013 with MAPCAs who had both CTA and cardiac catheterization during the first 120 days of life and within 14 days of one another. The radiologist and interventionalist responsible for reading the studies were blinded to the results of the procedures and each other’s readings. The need for neonatal intervention as predicted by CTA was compared to the ultimate, cath-based decision. Results: 19 patients (mean age 3.73 days, range 1-9 days of age) were included in the study. In all patients CT was able to predict the need for surgical intervention correctly. CTA was found to be 87% sensitive, 93% specific and 91% sensitive with respect to number of MAPCAs, origin and distribution. Conclusion: CT angiography can accurately predict the need for neonatal intervention. In those not requiring neonatal intervention, neonatal cardiac catheterization is not required. CTA may also aid in guiding the subsequent, pre-operative catheterization but cannot replace it. This algorithm eliminates neonatal catheterization in the majority of TOF/MAPCAs patients, and with it the associated risks, and radiation, as well as substantially reducing the cost of the initial hospitalization.
US medical reform: now is not the time
Authors: John Roberts
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Despite the uncertainty surrounding the outcome of the US presidential election, most commentators are certain that little improvement in the medical care system is likely. The United States has never been so wealthy.

Economists estimate that the government will run a surplus of $4.5 trillion over the next 10 years. Yet 43 million US citizens, one in six, remain without medical insurance. Neither presidential candidate has proposed universal medical suffrage. Neither has offered an idea to cut medical costs and waste. The sole difference is that Mr Bush has leant toward more privatisation and Mr Gore toward more public support. For example, both have focused on the rising costs of drugs, especially among elderly people, as the major medical issue facing the United States. Drugs account for about 5% of medical costs, and their costs are …
Doctors’ group files legal charges against nine French doctors
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A doctors’ organisation has filed legal charges against nine French “key opinion leaders” for allegedly failing to disclose their ties to drug manufacturers. The nine doctors are considered top authorities on a range of subjects, from menopause and diabetes care to Alzheimer’s disease.

The doctors’ group that filed the charges, Formindep (Formation Independante), is a non-profit organisation based in Roubaix, France, that promotes independent medical information. They filed the charges with the French professional authority, Ordre National des Medecins (a body to which all doctors have to belong), after they reviewed statements made by 150 doctors in 30 professional and lay media outlets during a one month period in the spring of 2008 and …
Rationale and design of the ‘aldosterone receptor blockade in diastolic heart failure’ trial: a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel group study to determine the effects of spironolactone on exercise capacity and diastolic function in patients with symptomatic diastolic heart failure (Aldo‐DHF)
Authors: Frank Edelmann, Albrecht G. Schmidt, Götz Gelbrich, Lutz Binder, Christoph Herrmann‐Lingen, Martin Halle, Gerd Hasenfuss, Rolf Wachter, Burkert Pieske
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Raul J. Andrade, Naga Chalasani, Einar S. Björnsson, Ayako Suzuki, Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick, Paul B. Watkins, Harshad Devarbhavi, Michael Merz, M. Isabel Lucena, Neil Kaplowitz, Guruprasad P. Aithal
Journal: Nature Reviews Disease Primers (2019)
Chronic Illness Management: What Is the Role of Primary Care?
Authors: Arlyss Anderson Rothman, Edward H. Wagner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

An estimated 99 million Americans live with a chronic illness. Meeting the needs of this population is one of the major challenges facing the U.S. health care system today and in the future. Dozens of studies, surveys, and audits have revealed that sizable proportions of chronically ill patients have not received effective therapy and do not have optimal disease control. The consistent findings of generally substandard care for many chronic conditions have spurred proposals that care be shifted to specialists or disease management programs. Published evidence to date does not indicate any clear superiority of these alternatives to primary care. The defining features of primary care (that is, continuity, coordination, and comprehensiveness) are well suited to care of chronic illness. A rapidly growing body of health services research points to the design of the care system, not the specialty of the physician, as the primary determinant of chronic care quality. The future of primary care in the United States may depend on its ability to successfully redesign care systems that can meet the needs of a growing population of chronically ill patients.
Untitled Improvisation III
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2004)

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