tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3918: Validation of ATX-Red imaging as a potential companion diagnostic for autotaxin-expressing cancers.
Authors: Damian Madan, Colin Ferguson, Won Yong Lee, Charles Testa, Glenn Prestwich
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Autotaxin (ATX), an autocrine motility factor highly upregulated in metastatic cancer, is a lysophospholipase D that produces the lipid second messenger lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Dysregulation of the lysolipid signaling pathway is central to the pathophysiology of numerous cancers, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other inflammatory diseases. Consequently, the ATX/LPA pathway has emerged as an important source of biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Herein we describe development and validation of a fluorogenic analog of LPC (ATX-Red) that enables visualization of ATX activity in vivo. ATX-Red exhibits minimal fluorescence until it is activated by ATX, which significantly increases fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR) region, the optimal spectral window for in vivo imaging. In mice with ATX-expressing breast cancer orthotopic tumors, ATX activated ATX-Red fluorescence. Injection of ATX-Red into the tail vein of tumor-bearing mice resulted in high fluorescence in the tumor and low fluorescence in healthy tissues. Indeed, tumor fluorescence directly correlated with ATX activity and expression levels. Pretreatment of mice with a known ATX inhibitor markedly and selectively decreased tumor fluorescence. Taken together, the data show that ATX-Red is an effective, non-invasive, and selective tool that enables intravital visualization and quantitation of ATX-expressing tumors and monitoring ATX activity in vivo in real time. ATX-Red has the potential to (1) identify pathological levels of ATX in specific tissues, (2) monitor the time course of therapeutic efficacy of candidate ATX inhibitors in living animal models of human disease, (3) serve as a companion diagnostic for following treatment regimens that target ATX in human patients and (4) serve as a companion diagnostic to select patients that would benefit from ATX-directed therapy. Citation Format: Damian Madan, Colin Ferguson, Won Yong Lee, Charles Testa, Glenn Prestwich. Validation of ATX-Red imaging as a potential companion diagnostic for autotaxin-expressing cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3918. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3918
Association of Warfarin Therapy Duration After Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement With Risk of Mortality, Thromboembolic Complications, and Bleeding
Authors: Charlotte Mérie, Lars Køber, Peter Skov Olsen, Charlotte Andersson, Gunnar Gislason, Jan Skov Jensen, Christian Torp-Pedersen
Journal: JAMA (2012)

The need for anticoagulation after surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) with biological prostheses is not well examined.To perform a nationwide study of the association of warfarin treatment with the risk of thromboembolic complications, bleeding incidents, and cardiovascular deaths after bioprosthetic AVR surgery.Through a search in the Danish National Patient Registry, 4075 patients were identified who had bioprosthetic AVR surgery performed between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2009. Concomitant comorbidity and medication were retrieved. Poisson regression models were used to determine risk.Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of strokes, thromboembolic events, cardiovascular deaths, and bleeding incidents by discontinuing warfarin as opposed to continued treatment 30 to 89 days, 90 to 179 days, 180 to 364 days, 365 to 729 days, and at least 730 days after surgery.The median duration of follow-up was 6.57 person-years. Estimated rates of events per 100 person-years in patients not treated with warfarin compared with those treated with warfarin with comparative absolute risk were 7.00 (95% CI, 4.07-12.06) vs 2.69 (95% CI, 1.49-4.87; adjusted IRR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.09-5.55) for strokes; 13.07 (95% CI, 8.76-19.50) vs 3.97 (95% CI, 2.43-6.48; adjusted IRR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.54-5.55) for thromboembolic events; 11.86 (95% CI, 7.81-18.01) vs 5.37 (95% CI, 3.54-8.16; adjusted IRR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.28-4.22) for bleeding incidents; and 31.74 (95% CI, 24.69-40.79) vs 3.83 (95% CI, 2.35-6.25; adjusted IRR, 7.61; 95% CI, 4.37-13.26) for cardiovascular deaths within 30 to 89 days after surgery; and 6.50 (95% CI, 4.67-9.06) vs 2.08 (95% CI, 0.99-4.36; adjusted IRR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.54-8.03) for cardiovascular deaths within 90 to 179 days after surgery.Discontinuation of warfarin treatment within 6 months after bioprosthetic AVR surgery was associated with increased cardiovascular death.
Radiation Exposure in Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: William Wijns, Youri Popowski
Journal: Circulation (2010)

increasing global concerns for environmental threats, among which is public radiation exposure, are quite appropriate.Medical applications of radiation appear to contribute significantly to the overall radiation-related hazard.Kaul et al 1 remind us that the collective radiation dose from medical imaging has increased by a factor 7 over the last 2 decades.Skeptics have observed that this evolution in practice is not matched by a proportionate improvement in outcomes.Each time another critical study on radiation-induced projected risk of cancer appears in the scientific literature, this publication triggers commentaries, position statements, and reports of all kinds, including in the lay press, eventually fueling the growing concerns in the community.The understandable emotional nature of the issue may amplify the perceived risk and cause irrational behaviors.Patients may refuse to undergo radiationbased diagnostic or therapeutic procedures out of fear, underestimating the risk they are presently exposed to and failing to fully appreciate the consequences of not being diagnosed or treated properly right now.
The Proportion of Patients with Cognitive Impairment after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: An 8-Month Follow-Up Study
Authors: Carl-Erik Mattlar, Erik Engblom, Päivi Vesala, Esko Vänttinen, Lars-Runar Knuts
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive function after coronary artery bypass surgery and the association of this with surgical variables. All male patients scheduled for elective surgery, aged 40-64 years, mean age 54 +/- 6 (n = 104), and participating in a randomized rehabilitation study, were included. A comprehensive psychodiagnostic examination was conducted preoperatively, 2, and 8 months postoperatively. The assessment of change was conducted using tertiles, defined according to population norms. More patients revealed improvement than impairment, and practically no significant associations with surgical variables were found.
Stem cell self-renewal: lessons from bone marrow, gut and iPS toward clinical applications
Authors: F J T Staal, C Baum, C Cowan, E Dzierzak, S Hacein-Bey-Abina, S Karlsson, T Lapidot, I Lemischka, S Mendez-Ferrer, H Mikkers, K Moore, E Moreno, C L Mummery, C Robin, T Suda, M Van Pel, G Vanden Brink, J J Zwaginga, W E Fibbe
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Uneven hepatic iron and phosphorus distribution in beta-thalassemia
Authors: Rossano Ambu, Guido Crisponi, Raf Sciot, Pete Van Eyken, Giuseppina Parodo, Sergio Ianneli, Francesco Marongiu, Roberta Silvagni, Valeria Nurchi, Virgilio Costa, Gavino Faa, Valeer J Desmet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)
Glucose and palmitate oxidation in isolated working rat hearts reperfused after a period of transient global ischemia.
Authors: G D Lopaschuk, M A Spafford, N J Davies, S R Wall
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Alterations in energy substrate utilization during reperfusion of ischemic hearts can influence the functional recovery of the myocardium. Energy substrate preference by the reperfused myocardium, however, has received limited attention. Therefore, we measured oxidation rates of glucose and palmitate during reperfusion of ischemic hearts. Isolated working rat hearts were perfused with 1.2 mM palmitate and 11 mM [14C]glucose, 1.2 mM [14C]palmitate and 11 mM glucose, or 11 mM [14C]glucose alone, at an 11.5 mm Hg preload and 80 mm Hg afterload. Hearts were subjected to 60-minute aerobic perfusion or 25-minute global ischemia followed by 60-minute aerobic reperfusion. Steady-state oxidative rates of glucose or palmitate were determined by measuring 14CO2 production. In hearts perfused with glucose alone, oxidative rates during reperfusion were not significantly different than nonischemic hearts (1,008 +/- 335 vs. 1,372 +/- 117 nmol [14C]glucose oxidized/min/g dry wt, respectively). In the presence of palmitate, glucose oxidation was markedly reduced in reperfused and nonischemic hearts (81 +/- 11 and 101 +/- 15 nmol [14C]glucose oxidized/min/g dry wt, respectively). Palmitate oxidation rates were not significantly different in reperfused compared with nonischemic hearts (369 +/- 55 and 455 +/- 50 nmol [14C]palmitate oxidized/min/g dry wt, respectively). [14C]Palmitate was incorporated into myocardial triglycerides to a greater extent in reperfused ischemic hearts than in nonischemic hearts (26.0 and 13.8 mumol/g dry wt, respectively). Under the perfusion conditions used, palmitate provided over 90% of the ATP produced from exogenous substrates. Addition of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase I inhibitor, ethyl 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate (Etomoxir, 10(-6) M), during reperfusion stimulated glucose oxidation and improved mechanical recovery of ischemic hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Failure of secretin release in patients with duodenal ulcer.
Authors: S R Bloom, A S Ward
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The release of secretin was studied in 12 normal subjects and 23 patients suffering from proved duodenal ulceration. After infusing acid directly into the duodenum mean plasma levels (plus or minus S.E.M.) of secretin rose in normal subjects to 52.6 plus or minus 4.8 ng/1 at six minutes but to only 37.5 plus or minus 3.6 ng/1 in duodenal-ulcer patients, a significant difference. The impairment of secretin release was as great in patients with a recent onset as in those who had had symptoms of a duodenal ulcer for a long time, raising the possibility of it being a primary defect. Patients who smoked 20 or more cigarettes a day had a particularly reduced secretin release, in accord with the greater incidence of ulcers in heavy smokers.
The New Match
Authors: Michael J. Scotti
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infectious Disease--A Threat to Global Health and Security
Authors: J. Lederberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Two months ago the White House adopted a new national public health policy for dealing with ominous threats of emerging and reemerging infections. The policy was based on a report called<i>Infectious Disease—A Global Health Threat</i>, released in September 1995.<sup>1</sup>The policy was initiated by the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) and is known as NSTC-7. The threats posed by infectious disease have engaged public concern via the media, the cinema, and many serious books and advisory pronouncements during the last several years,<sup>2-6</sup>as well as a new journal,<i>Emerging Infectious Diseases</i>, published quarterly by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).<sup>7</sup>The January 17,1996, issue of<i>JAMA</i>was a theme issue on the same topic, in cooperation with 35 other medical journals around the world.<sup>8</sup> Last month's headline was BSE (bovine spongiform encephalitis). As we go to press, this month belongs to<i>Cyclospora</i>
Splenic Cyst Causing Hypertension by Renal Compression
Authors: Thomas A. Rakowski
Journal: JAMA (1977)

HYPERTENSION caused by renal compression is a phenomenon that has been shown to be dependent on the renin angiotensin system in many cases.<sup>1,2</sup>We have recently seen a young man with hypertension associated with a large splenic cyst that induced unilateral renal compression. Renin production was limited to the compressed kidney, and cure of the hypertension was accomplished by splenectomy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 35-year-old man was noted in 1972 to have persistent hypertension, with diastolic blood pressure in the range of 90 to 110 mm Hg. Therapy with chlorothiazide was begun, and this normalized his blood pressure. In 1974, an intravenous pyelogram showed noticeable displacement of the upper collecting system on the left (Fig 1). The history included an episode of abdominal trauma that occurred during an automobile accident 15 years prior to admission. Abdominal pain at that time was localized to the left upper quadrant and
Meta-analyses: tests of heterogeneity
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers investigated the association between consumption of white rice and type 2 diabetes. They performed a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that reported the relative risk of type 2 diabetes by intake of white rice (high v low). In total, four publications were identified that included seven distinct prospective cohort analyses in Asian and Western populations. Rice intake and type 2 diabetes were identified through self report. A total of 13 284 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were ascertained among 352 384 participants with follow-up periods ranging from four to 22 years.1 For each study the researchers identified the relative risk of type 2 diabetes for high consumption of white rice compared with low intake. Statistical tests of heterogeneity were undertaken across the seven sample estimates (Cochran's Q test, P=0.001; I2=72.2%). The overall relative risk was 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.54). The researchers concluded that higher consumption of white rice was associated with a significantly higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Which of the following statements, if any, are true for the statistical test of heterogeneity?
Side effects of sodium valproate.
Authors: M H Bellmann, E M Ross
Journal: BMJ (1977)

clinical, and therapeutic aspects.If the disease is shown to be an irreversible one, then ancillary workers are most helpful in assisting with the difficult and important skills of subsequent psychosocial adjustment and management.But please, Sir, when we are discussing illness (as opposed to the more vague, pure social maladjustments of contemporary society) let us not be falsely persuaded by the fashion- able soft sciences into abrogating our in- alienable role as leader of the clinical team.
Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and saline did not differ for mortality at 90 days in ICU patients
Authors: François Lauzier
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Myburgh JA, Finfer S, Bellomo R, et al; CHEST Investigators, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Hydroxyethyl starch or saline for fluid resuscitation in intensive care. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1901-11. 23075127
Hyperthyroidism and Excessive Thyrotropin Secretion
Authors: Charles H. Emerson, Robert D. Utiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract A 44-year-old woman was found to have hyperthyroidism and elevated serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels. There was no evidence of a pituitary tumor or of abnormalities in the secretion of other pituitary hormones. A modest fall in serum TSH levels and 131I uptake by the thyroid gland was observed after tri-iodothyronine administration. TSH levels increased substantially during methimazole therapy. No increases occurred after administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) either before or during treatment with methimazole. Administration of dexamethasone was followed by a prompt, though transient, fall in serum TSH levels. These findings suggest that the increased TSH secretion in this patient is due to excessive releasing hormone (TRH) secretion.
Evidence for opioid modulation and generation of prostaglandins in sulphur dioxide (SO)2-induced bronchoconstriction.
Authors: P. I. Field, R. Simmul, S. C. Bell, D. H. Allen, N. Berend
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Inhalation of sulphur dioxide (SO2) provokes bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects. Cholinergic mechanisms contribute, but other mechanisms remain undefined. The effect of morphine, an opioid agonist, on the cholinergic component of SO2-induced bronchoconstriction was investigated, and the effect of indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, on SO2-induced bronchoconstriction and tachyphylaxis was studied. METHODS: In the first study 16 asthmatic subjects inhaled either ipratropium bromide or placebo 60 minutes before an SO2 challenge on days 1 and 2. On day 3 an SO2 challenge was performed immediately after intravenous morphine. In the second study 15 asthmatic subjects took either placebo or indomethacin for three days before each study day when two SO2 challenges were performed 30 minutes apart. The response was measured as the cumulative dose causing a 35% fall in specific airways conductance (sGaw; PDsGaw35). RESULTS: Ipratropium bromide significantly inhibited SO2 responsiveness, reducing PDsGaw35 by 0.89 (95% CI 0.46 to 1.31) doubling doses. This effect persisted after correction for bronchodilatation induced by ipratropium bromide. The effect of ipratropium bromide and morphine on SO2 responsiveness also correlated (r2 = 0.71). In the second study SO2 tachyphylaxis developed with PDsGaw35 on repeated testing, being reduced by 0.62 (95% CI 0.17 to 1.07) doubling doses. Indomethacin attenuated baseline SO2 responsiveness, increasing PDsGaw35 by 0.5 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.93) doubling doses. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that opioids modulate the cholinergic component of SO2 responsiveness and that cyclooxygenase products contribute to the immediate response to SO2.
Abstract 3530: Chemicals that stimulate iron uptake: a novel approach to cancer treatment
Authors: Zhen Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cancer cells have increased levels of transferrin receptor and lower levels of ferritin, an iron deficient phenotype that has led to the use of iron chelators to further deplete cells of iron to limit growth. Chelators have not proven, however, to be successful anti-cancer agents. As cancer cells also have increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) we hypothesized that a contrarian approach of enhancing iron entry would allow for further increased generation of ROS causing oxidative damage and cell death. Molecules that accelerate iron uptake were identified using high through-put screening of a reporter system of K562 cells loaded with the divalent metal chelator calcein whose fluorescence is quenched with chelation of Fe2+. A small molecule library consisting of ∼11,000 compounds was screened and a class of compounds identified that stimulated iron-induced quenching of calcein fluorescence. The stimulation was verified by dose-dependent 55Fe uptake in various cancer cell lines. The lead compound LS081 exhibited an IC50 = 1.22 ± 0.48 μM and also increased the uptake of Fe from transferrin (Tf). LS081 decreased PC-3 cell growth in the presence of Fe2+ by 64 ± 8% compared to 14 ± 1% decrease with LS081 alone (mean decrease ± SEM, n = 3) with minimal effects on the immortalized, non-malignant prostate cell line 267B1 cells. LS081 plus Fe increased DNA strand breaks and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase of PC-3 cells. In addition, LS081 markedly decreased HIF-1α and HIF-2α levels in the DU-145 prostate cancer and the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. LS081 also stimulated ROS production by nearly 3-fold and decreased clonogenicity by greater than 50% in PC-3 cells. In summary, we have developed a high through-put screening technique that identified small molecules that stimulate iron uptake both from ferri-Tf and non-Tf bound iron. These molecules have properties that suggest that these iron facilitator compounds may serve as anti-cancer agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3530. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3530
Endoscopic Non-aggressive Assessment of Oesophageal Variceal Pressure Compared with Wedged Hepatic Venous Pressure in Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Ph. Gertsch, J. Bohnet, R. Mosimann
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

Ten alcoholic cirrhotic patients presenting with oesophageal varices underwent simultaneous measurement of wedged hepatic venous pressure and endoscopic variceal pressure. The latter was obtained by means of a pneumatic pressure gauge fixed to the tip of a gastrofibroscope. The correlation between these two parameters was highly significant.
The role of CD28-B7 costimulation in allergen-induced cytokine release by bronchial mucosa from patients with moderately severe asthma
Authors: James L. Lordan, Donna E. Davies, Susan J. Wilson, Gordon Dent, Andrea Corkhill, Zeina Jaffar, Kevan Roberts, Ratko Djukanović, Stephen T. Holgate
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
(62) Multiple lentigines syndrome
Authors: P.D.L. Maurice, S.M. Breathnach
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article (62) Multiple lentigines syndrome Get access P.D.L. Maurice, P.D.L. Maurice Charing Cross Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.M. Breathnach S.M. Breathnach Charing Cross Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue s33, 1 July 1988, Pages 115–116, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb05465.x Published: 01 July 1988
Response of chronic and aggressive periodontitis to treatment
Authors: David E. Deas, Brian L. Mealey
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2010)

Patients with aggressive periodontitis can be both rewarding and frustrating to treat in clinical practice. Interindividual variation in response to therapy can be widespread, and we do not clearly understand the reasons for this variable response. It is possible that new research into the resolution of inflammation may reveal basic differences between patients with chronic periodontitis and those with aggressive disease. In addition, future research involving modulation of host inflammatory responses may clarify the reasons for the differences in clinical outcomes between patients. We think it likely that this research could result in further alterations to the classification of periodontal diseases, as with more knowledge of the mechanisms of disease it is possible that patients currently classified as having aggressive periodontitis may be found not to represent a single diagnostic entity. Better understanding of the true nature of patients currently identified as having aggressive periodontitis may therefore lead to more effective treatment approaches.