tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Costs and benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation to COPD patients apply in primary health care
Authors: Vanessa Resqueti, Catharinne Carvalho de Farias, Barbara Portela, Bruno Henrique Ferreira da Silva, Rodrigo Melo, Fernando Lavezzo Dias, Guilherme Fregonezi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

We aim to assess the costs and benefits of a pulmonary rehabilitation program based on walking activity in patients with COPD conducted in primary health care. Method: Seventy-two patients with COPD were selected, 40 patients were randomized in control group (CG) or pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Thirty-four patients were included on study, 16 on CG (FEV1%pred:50.9±14%, FEV1/FVC:0.60±0.09) and 18 on PR (FEV1%pred:56 ± 0.5% FEV1/FVC:0.62±0.08). We assessed lung function, 6MWT, respiratory muscle strength, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), body composition and level of activity of daily living (ADL) before and after 8 weeks. The PR consisted on walking activity, during one hour, supervised tree times/week and unsupervised 2 times/week. The intensity of walking was controlled considering dyspnea sensation measure with Borg scale. Costs of PR were calculated following the Brazilian Health System costs reference. Results: The PR group showed improvement in 6MWT (PRΔ: 42 m vs CGΔ:-51m), sensation of dyspnea (PRΔ:-0.5 vs CGΔ:+1.3) and fatigue (PRΔ: -0.1 vs CGΔ: +0.9), BODE index (PRΔ: -0.5 vs CGΔ: +1.4) (p <0.01), HRQoL (PRΔ: -16.4 vs CGΔ: +14.3) and level of ADL (PR Δ: +6.4 vs CG Δ: -6.4) (p < 0.001). The final average cost per patient in PR group was 51,47 Euros (148,75 reais) and no exacerbation were observed. In CG, exacerbation was observed in 2 patients with a total cost of 238,46 Euros/patient (689,15 reais). Conclusions: The simple PR program based on walk activity demonstrated significantly clinical improvements and low costs of implementation in primary care of public health system in Brazil.
Tubulin polymerization disrupts cardiac β-adrenergic regulation of late INa
Authors: Nataliya Dybkova, Stefan Wagner, Johannes Backs, Thomas J. Hund, Peter J. Mohler, Thomas Sowa, Viacheslav O. Nikolaev, Lars S. Maier
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

AimsThe anticancer drug paclitaxel (TXL) that polymerizes microtubules is associated with arrhythmias and sinus node dysfunction. TXL can alter membrane expression of Na channels (NaV1.5) and Na current (INa), but the mechanisms are unknown. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) can be activated by β-adrenergic stimulation and regulates INa gating. We tested whether TXL interferes with isoproterenol (ISO)-induced activation of CaMKII and consequent INa regulation.
In Vivo T-Lymphocyte Response Against Spontaneous Reticulum Cell Neoplasms in SJL/J Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Y Weinstein, E Okon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

The properties of lymphocytes associated with reticulum cell neoplasms (RCN) (type B) occurring spontaneously in SJL/J mice were examined. The activity of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-SDH) was used as a marker for activated T-cells. High levels of this enzyme were found in cell suspensions of tumors taken from 6- to 7-month-old mice. Treatment of the cells derived from tumorous organs with anti-theta serum and complement resulted in a loss of the 20 alpha-SDH activity; this indicated that T-lymphocytes populate the RCN. The activated T-cells in the neoplastic tissue were larger than small lymphocytes. In the more advanced stage of tumor growth seen in 1-year-old mice, the percentage of malignant reticulum cells was low and the neoplastic tissue showed low levels of 20 alpha-SDH activity. Tumor cells irradiated in vitro triggered syngeneic lymphocytes to proliferate in tumor-lymphocyte mixed cultures. The T-cell proliferative response measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation was accompanied by a marked increase in 20 alpha-SDH activity. The spleen cells taken from mice bearing old tumors that showed marked fibrosis did not respond to T- and B-cell mitogens. Histologically, the structure of the spleen was preserved, with few or no tumor cells. Spleen cells from age-matched healthy mice responded to mitogens.
Can we really relieve the withdrawal syndrome with pharmacotherapy in smoking cessation
Authors: Zeynep Pinar Önen, Elif Sen, Banu Eris Gülbay, Pinar Akin Kabalak, Öznur Akkoca Yildiz, Turan Acican, Sevgi Saryal, Gülseren Karabiyikoglu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Primary goal of the smoking cessation treatment protocols are to relieve the withdrawal symptoms. However the exact effectiveness at the high tobacco dependence patients considering the smoking cessation treatment is still an unknown problem.  Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of withdrawal symptoms during smoking cessation treatment and compare the effectiveness between the different treatment modalities in high tobacco dependence patients.  Methods: From a total number of 435 active smokers (mean age of 44±11) with high tobacco dependence rates were prospectively evaluated between 2004 and 2010. Each patient answers the same questionnaire including smoking status and medical background. Nicotine dependence and CO levels were evaluated. Smoking cessation program was administered individually according to the guidelines and all of the patients were followed at least l year.  Results: The continuous abstinence following therapy at the end of first year was 50,5%. Withdrawal syndrome during smoking cessation treatment developed at 89% of behavioral treatment without pharmacotherapy, 80% of nicotine replacement, 88% of bupropion and 94% of varenicline treatments. Irritability is the main symptom in all treatment protocols (more than 50% in each group) and somnolence is the distinctive symptom for the bupropion treatment (p=0.001). Hunger was not the predominant withdrawal symptom in the varenicline treatment.  Conclusion: According to our results, even one year smoking cessation success is high in our cohort the main goal of the smoking cessation protocols is not achieved. Pharmacotherapy is not superior to pure behavioral treatment to relieve the withdrawal syndromes.
Binding of Chemotactic Collagen-Derived Peptides to Fibroblasts
Authors: Thomas M. Chiang, Arnold E. Postlethwaite, Edwin H. Beachey, Jerome M. Seyer, Andrew H. Kang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

We previously showed that collagen, α-chains, and collagen-derived peptide fragments induce chemotactic migration of human fibroblasts in vitro. We now describe biochemical and immunological evidence showing there are binding sites for collagen peptides on fibroblast membranes.
Postoperative radiation for lung cancer metastatic to the brain.
Authors: J G Armstrong, M Wronski, J Galicich, E Arbit, S A Leibel, M Burt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE Although resection of single brain metastases and postoperative whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) improves survival, compared with treatment using WBRT alone, the value of postoperative WBRT after resection of brain metastases is controversial. We analyzed the largest reported series of lung cancer patients with resected brain metastases to evaluate the impact of postoperative WBRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 1974 and 1989, 185 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) underwent resection of brain metastases. Patients who had received preoperative WBRT (23%, 42 of 185) were excluded. The remaining patients were divided into group A (no WBRT; n = 32), group B (patients received WBRT and were prognostically matched to group A; n = 32), and group C (all other WBRT patients; n = 79). Most patients received postoperative doses of 30 Gy in 10 fractions. Higher doses were used in 16% of group B and 18% of group C patients. RESULTS Overall 5-year survival rates were as follows: group A, 12%; B, 8%; C, 16%. Overall brain failures occurred in 38% of patients in group A, 47% in group B, and 42% in group C. The use of WBRT (group A v groups B plus C) had no apparent impact on survival or on overall brain failure rates. In particular, no improvement in either of these parameters could be demonstrated when group B was compared with group A. Focal failure (defined as failure within the brain adjacent to the site of the resected brain metastases) occurred as follows: group A, 34% (11 of 32); groups B plus C, 23% (25 of 111) (P = .07). WBRT significantly reduced focal failure for patients with adenocarcinoma (group A, 33% [eight of 24]; groups B plus C, 14% [11 of 79]; P = .05). Nonfocal failure (anatomically distinct from the resected metastasis) occurred in 9% of patients in group A (three of 32), 21% in groups B plus C (23 of 111) (P = .07). CONCLUSION Long-term survival is possible when NSCLC brain metastases are resected. Postoperative WBRT as used in this series only had an impact on the focal control of brain metastases and this effect was of borderline significance. The lack of conclusive benefit supports the need for ongoing randomized trials to test the value of adjuvant postoperative WBRT. Brain failures were relatively common in all three groups of patients, which suggests that doses greater than 30 Gy need to be studied.
Effects of Recipient Age and Diagnosis on Health-related Quality-of-Life Benefit of Lung Transplantation
Authors: Lianne G. Singer, Noori A. Chowdhury, Marie E. Faughnan, John Granton, Shaf Keshavjee, Theodore K. Marras, D. Elizabeth Tullis, Thomas K. Waddell, George Tomlinson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: The average age of lung transplant recipients is increasing, and the mix of recipient indications for transplantation is changing.Objectives: To determine whether the health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) benefit of lung transplantation differs by recipient age and diagnosis.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we obtained serial HRQL measurements in adults with advanced lung disease who subsequently underwent lung transplantation (2004–2012). HRQL assessments included the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), EQ-5D, Standard Gamble, and Visual Analog Scale for current health. We used linear mixed effects models for associations between age or diagnosis and changes in HRQL with transplantation. To address potential survivorship bias, we fitted Markov models to the distribution of discrete post-transplant health states (HRQL better than pretransplant, not better, or dead) and estimated quality-adjusted life-years post-transplant.Measurements and Main Results: A total of 430 subjects were listed, 387 were transplanted, and 326 provided both pretransplant and post-transplant data. Transplantation conferred large improvements in all HRQL measures: St. George’s change of −47 units (95% confidence interval, −48 to −44), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey physical component summary score of 17.7 (16.5–18.9), EQ-5D of 0.27 (0.24–0.30), Standard Gamble of 0.48 (0.44–0.51), and Visual Analog of 44 (42–47). Age was not associated with meaningful differences in the HRQL benefits of transplantation. There was less HRQL benefit in interstitial lung disease than in cystic fibrosis.Conclusions: Lung transplantation confers large HRQL benefits, which vary by recipient diagnosis, but do not differ substantially in older recipients.
Breath-by-breath delivered dose comparison from three anti-static valved holding chambers with facemasks under simulated pediatric breathing conditions
Authors: Wenchi Hsu, Dirk von Hollen, Zhen Xu, Tao Bai, Kurt Nikander, Richard Dalby
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Facemasks serve as a patient-device interface to facilitate drug delivery from a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) with an attached valved holding chamber (VHC), and are capable of significantly affecting inhalation drug therapy. A novel horizontal test rig designed for the evaluation of facemask performance under simulated conditions was used to measure delivered dose from ProAir HFA pMDIs (108 μg albuterol sulfate/actuation, Teva Specialty Pharmaceuticals LLC). Three brands of VHC-facemask systems were tested: preproduction OptiChamber Diamond (Diamond) VHCs with preproduction LiteTouch facemasks (Philips Respironics), AeroChamber Plus Z Stat (Z Stat) VHCs with ComfortSeal facemasks (Monaghan Medical Corp.), and Vortex VHCs with Spinner Duck facemasks (PARI GmbH).  A face replica of a four-year-old child, with a replaceable aerosol filter in the “mouth”, was connected to a breathing simulator (ASL 5000; IngMar Medical Ltd) to simulate a pediatric breathing pattern (Vt=155 mL, f=25 bpm I:E=2:3). Each VHC-facemask system was naturally positioned against the face replica with a constant applied force supplied by a mass of 1.9 kg. Albuterol sulfate was quantified using HPLC after 1, 2, 4 and 8 “breaths” following pMDI actuation.  The delivered dose using the Diamond-LiteTouch system, after 1 breath, was significantly higher than the delivered dose using the Z Stat-ComfortSeal or the Vortex-Spinner Duck system after 8 breaths (p
ELECTRONMICROSCOPIC STUDY OF HYPOPIGMENTED LESIONS IN LEPROSY.
Authors: C. K. JOB, AMMU NAYAR, J. S. NARAYANAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— The electronmicroscopic appearance of the epidermis in 2 cases of indeterminate leprosy was studied. There was a significant decrease in the number of melanocytes and several of those present showed signs of depressed activity and atrophy. Langerhans cells were increased in number and seemed to replace the melanocytes. Further study is indicated to elucidate the pathogenesis of melanocyte inactivity and reduction in number.
Preconception Radiation, Intrauterine Diagnostic Radiation, and Childhood Neoplasia23
Authors: Patricia H. Shiono, Chin S. Chung, Ntinos C. Myrianthopoulos
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Preconception Radiation, Intrauterine Diagnostic Radiation, and Childhood Neoplasia Get access Patricia H. Shiono, Patricia H. Shiono 4Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Biomedical Sciences Bldg., Court D, 1960 East-West Rd., Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chin S. Chung, Chin S. Chung 4Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Biomedical Sciences Bldg., Court D, 1960 East-West Rd., Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. 5Address reprint requests to Dr. Chung. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ntinos C. Myrianthopoulos Ntinos C. Myrianthopoulos 6Developmental Neurology Branch, Office of Biometry and Field Studies, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Md. 20205. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 65, Issue 4, October 1980, Pages 681–686, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/65.4.681 Published: 01 October 1980 Article history Received: 02 March 1979 Revision received: 03 April 1980 Accepted: 24 April 1980 Published: 01 October 1980
Abstract 11432: Selective Blockade of Periostin 1 Decreased Infarct Size and Preserved Cardiac Performance in Rat Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Keita Okayama, Yoshiaki Taniyama, Naruto Katsuragi, Junya Azuma, Kazuma Iekushi, Fumihiro Sanada, Nobutaka Koibuchi, Hiroshi Kusunoki, Masaaki Iwabayashi, Ryuichi Morishita
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of the splicing isoforms of periostin in myocardial infarction (MI) using a rat experimental MI model. Background Our previous report de...
Epidemiology of Shingles
Authors: C Glynn, G Crockford, D Gavaghan, P Cardno, D Price, J Miller
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1990)

One thousand and nineteen patients with acute varicella zoster viral infection were referred to the physiotherapy department for treatment between 1978 and 1986. Sixty per cent were women and 40% were men with a mean age of 58 years (range 9–96 years). The prevalence varied between 1.3 and 1.6 per 1000 per annum. The left side was affected in 52% while the right was affected in 48%. The thoracic dermatomes were the most commonly affected (56%) followed by cervical (17%), lumbar (10%), sacral (5%), and the trigeminal nerve was infected in 12%. There was a significant seasonal (P &lt; 0.001) variation in the prevalence of acute varicella zoster virus infection, most common in the summer and least common in the spring. There was no clustering in time and space so that it is unlikely that the varicella zoster virus is infective or that re-exposure to the virus causes reactivation of the latent virus.
Prostate-specific antigen as a pretherapy prognostic factor in patients treated with radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer.
Authors: T M Pisansky, S S Cha, J D Earle, E D Durr, T F Kozelsky, H S Wieand, J E Oesterling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

This study was conducted to determine the value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a pretherapy prognostic factor for localized prostate cancer treated with primary irradiation (RT).Between March 1987 and December 1990, 254 patients with pretherapy PSA determinations were treated for clinical stage A2 to C prostate adenocarcinoma. In conjunction with other prognostic factors, pretherapy PSA was evaluated to determine whether it had independent predictive value for disease outcome.Pretherapy PSA was highly and directly correlated with clinical stage, tumor grade, and acid phosphatase level. With a median follow-up duration of 24 months, 241 patients (95%) were fully assessable for disease outcome. In these patients, PSA and tumor grade were the sole independent predictive factors for tumor relapse (ie, clinically determined and/or increasing PSA level). The combination of pretherapy PSA and tumor grade information defined groups of patients with distinctly different outcome. For patients in low- (favorable PSA and tumor grade), intermediate- (favorable PSA or tumor grade), and high- (adverse PSA and tumor grade) risk categories, the actuarial rates of survival free of tumor relapse or increasing PSA level were 94%, 77%, and 42% at 3 years, respectively (P < .0001).Pretherapy PSA is a strongly independent prognostic factor for disease outcome following primary RT. The combination of adverse pretherapy PSA and unfavorable tumor grade identified a cohort of patients with a high risk of early treatment failure in whom combined modality therapy may be appropriately investigated.
Subcellular Distribution of the Tumor-Specific Transplantation Antigen of Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cells
Authors: Michael J. Rogers, Lloyd W. Law, Ettore Appella
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

TU-5, a simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed cell line of BALB/c origin, expressed the SV40-specific T-antigen and a transplantation antigen (TSTA). Nuclei and plasma membranes were prepared from these cells and shown on the basis of the distribution of T-antigen and histocompatibility (H-2) antigens to be relatively free of cross contamination. Most of the TSTA, estimated by tumor rejection, was associated with the nuclear fraction.
Predictors of functional exercise capacity in patients with early stage sarcoidosis
Authors: Muserrefe Nur Karadalli, Meral Bosnak Guclu, Burcu Camcioglu, Zeynep Aribas, Gulsah Bargi, Nurdan Kokturk, Haluk Turktas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatosis disorder and reduces functional exercise capacity. There is a little information on the predictors of functional exercise capacity in patients with sarcoidosis.

Aims: To investigate the relationship between functional exercise capacity and pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, and find out the best predictors of functional capacity in patients with early stage sarcoidosis.

Subjects and Methods : Twenty-three patients with sarcoidosis (44.83±9.60 years, 14F) were included. Functional exercise capacity was evaluated using 6-minute walk test (6MWT), respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP) using a mouth pressure device, quadriceps femoris(QF) and biceps brachii (BB) muscle strength using a dynamometer and fatigue using Fatigue Impact Scale.

Results: There were statistically significant positive correlations between 6MWT distance and pulmonary function, MIP, QF and BB muscle strength and fatigue (p<0.05). In the multiple regression analysis, conducted in the 23 patients, 72% of the variance in the 6MWT distance was explained by fatigue (R²=0.26 p=0.009) and the biceps brachii muscle strength (R²=0.46 p=0.010). The 6MWT distance was lower than 80 % of predicted in seven patients (30.4%).

Conclusions: Upper extremity muscle strength and fatigue are factors significantly contributing to impaired functional exercise capacity in patients with sarcoidosis. Functional exercise capacity worsens with decreasing lower extremity and respiratory muscle strength. The effects of strengthening exercises and fatigue desensitization to improve functional exercise capacity in patients with sarcoidosis should be investigated.
Inhibition of a Spectrum of Animal Tumors by Dietary Zinc Deficiency&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: William DeWys, Walter Pories
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Inhibition of a Spectrum of Animal Tumors by Dietary Zinc Deficiency Get access William DeWys, William DeWys 3 Department of Medicine and Division of Oncology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14620, and Department of Surgery, Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital, Case-Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 3Address reprint requests to: William DeWys, M.D., 260 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, N.Y. 14620. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter Pories Walter Pories Department of Medicine and Division of Oncology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14620, and Department of Surgery, Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital, Case-Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 48, Issue 2, February 1972, Pages 375–381, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/48.2.375 Published: 01 February 1972 Article history Received: 28 June 1971 Accepted: 18 October 1971 Published: 01 February 1972
Bronchoscopy and Transthoracic-Needle Aspiration Yield for Histomorpho-Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: M. G. Daniels, S. Leong, R. V. Bowman, I. A. Yang, P. Masel, A. Fiene, P. Robinson, A. Burke, J. McKeon, J. Ayres, E. Duhig, B. Clarke, K. Tran, D. Godbolt, A. Dettrick, K. M. Fong
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)