tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Epidermoid Carcinoma Development Induced in the Lungs of Rats by 3-Methylcholanthrene-Containing Beeswax Pellets
Authors: Takahiro Hirano, Mearl Stanton, Maxwell Layard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Measurement of Epidermoid Carcinoma Development Induced in the Lungs of Rats by 3-Methylcholanthrene-Containing Beeswax Pellets Get access Takahiro Hirano, Takahiro Hirano 2Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Bethesda, Md. 20014. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mearl Stanton, Mearl Stanton 2Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Bethesda, Md. 20014. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Maxwell Layard Maxwell Layard 4Biometry Branch, National Cancer Institute. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 5, November 1974, Pages 1209–1219, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.5.1209 Published: 01 November 1974 Article history Received: 13 April 1974 Accepted: 10 July 1974 Published: 01 November 1974
Residual sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients on CPAP: Not only a symptom but rather a true syndrome?
Authors: Merce Gasa, Renaud Tamisier, Marc Sapene, Francis Martin, Bruno Stach, Yves Grillet, Patrick Levy, Jean-Louis Pepin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Hypoxic brain damage might explain persistent sleepiness in some CPAP compliant OSA. Since residual sleepiness (RES) on CPAP remains not fully understood, wake promoting dugs in RES are no longer allowed by the European Medicines Agency. Aim: To describe RES phenotype in a large prospective sample of OSA patients.

Methods: RES was defined by an Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) ≥11. 1047 patients from the French National sleep registry (www.osfp.fr) attending follow-up CPAP visit were eligible. Patients using CPAP  15/h (n=31) and major depression were excluded (n=150).

Results: RES prevalence in CPAP treated OSA was 13% and significantly decreased with CPAP use (9% in ≥6h/night users, p  30/h versus 18% when AHI between 15 to 30, p <0.005). Moreover, there was no relationship between RES and BMI, cardiovascular co-morbidities or diabetes. CPAP did improved symptoms but to a lower extent (Fatigue scale:-5.2 vs-2.7 in RES- and RES+ patients respectively, p<0.001).

Conclusions: The CPAP adherence threshold associated with the lower RES prevalence was 6 hours/night. Hypoxic insult is probably not the explanation for RES since OSA severity does not seem to be critical. Residual symptoms are not limited to sleepiness and this true “CPAP resistant syndrome” may justify treatment by wake promoting drugs.
Lack of oximeters in primary care risks increasing the mortality from COPD
Authors: Anthony Davison, Duncan Powrie, Elizabeth Paddison
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The ERS and ATS (2005), GOLD (2010), NICE (2010) guidelines for COPD recommend long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) in hypoxic patients. LTOT improves the mortality of these patients. NICE recommends that patients with oxygen saturations which are ≤ 92% on breathing air should be assessed for LTOT. In order to do this these patients must be identified with pulse oximetry.   Aims and methods:  This study undertaken in 2010 examines the availability of pulse oximetry in GP surgeries and the views of GPs to pulse oximetry by post or questionnaire in all 67 practices who serve this hospital.   Results:  60 practices (89.6%) responded to the questionnaire. Of these 40 (66%) had ≥ 1 pulse oximeters. 24 (40%) had only one oximeter, usually shared between doctors and nurses. 20 (33%) had no oximeter. 64 (23%) stated they would like an oximeter whilst 4 (6.6%) thought an oximeter was not necessary. The main reason given for not having an oximeter was financial.   Conclusions:  33% of GP practices do not have a pulse oximeter. 40% have only one oximeter, which was usually shared between doctors and nurses. Lack of oximeters could lead to referral into secondary care just to have pulse oximetry measured. Lack of finance was the major reason given for not having an oximeter but oximeters are now cheap and one referral into secondary care is approximately equivalent to the cost of an oximeter. This study suggests that hypoxia patients with COPD will not be identified early and therefore not treated with LTOT. This will mean that their life expectancy will be reduced. The identification of hypoxia patients in primary care must be urgently addressed by increasing the number of oximeters.
The investigation of relationship between red cell distribution width and cardiovascular diseases in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Mustafa Saygin, Önder Öztürk, M. Fehmi Özgüner, Ahmet Akkaya, Mehmet Özaydin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

IM: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a newly recognized risk marker for various diseases. However, the role of RDW is unknown in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), especially in OSAS patients with cardiovascular diseases. We also investigate the role of the MPV,PLT,PDW with RDW in OSAS patients with cardiovascular diseases.  MATERIAL-METHODS: The 142 patients who suffered from sleep disorders and applied for a single night polysomnography were included. The demographic data and PSG results with RDW,PLT,MPV,PDW were recorded. The cardiovascular diseases of them were classified and recorded. Chi-square test, Bivarit correlation ve Logistic regression tests were done.  RESULTS: The age, BMI and AHI of patients were 50.06±0.93, 31.99±0.49 kg/m2 ve 43.42±2.15 event/hour. 84.5% of them were men. A positive correlation between RDW and MPV (r=:0.217), BMI (r=0.255); PLT and AHI (r=0.177) were found. The patients >=40 years old (60.6%) had cardiovascular diseases. (Chi-square test p=0.02). RDW was higher in patients >= 40 years old and 19% of them had RDW>14%. PDW (odds ratio [OR] =6.02 [95% CI = 1.3-28.2], p = 0.023) were found to be associated with increased risk for hyperlipidemia in patients with severe OSAS on logistic regression analysis. To estimate the AHI property; age, BMI, ODI and PLT were included to the model in stepwise regression analysis (R square %78.2,p=0.000).  CONCLUSION: We think that RDW should be used with other markers,especially as PDW, in prediction of cardiovascular diseases in patients with severe OSAS.
Marijuana and Other Drug Use by Women College Students: Associated Risk Taking and Coping Activities
Authors: BEATRICE A. ROUSE, JOHN A. EWING
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Study of a random sample of 184 undergraduate women revealed that marijuana users differed significantly from nonusers in various aspects of physical and emotional health, the use of a variety of other drugs, means of coping with anxiety and depression, and risk taking to achieve certain desired mental states. The findings have implications for patient care as well as for drug education and student health programs.
Double Minute Chromosomes in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: N Oguma, N Kamada, A Kuramoto, K Tanaka, S Misawa, J R Testa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Two patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) with double minute chromosomes (dmins) are described. One patient had dmins in approximately one-third of bone marrow cells examined at diagnosis; no other karyotypic changes were observed. The dmins disappeared when the patient achieved a complete remission. The second patient developed acute leukemia as a second cancer, having previously received radiotherapy and chemotherapy for a breast carcinoma. At the time of diagnosis of AML, the patient exhibited dmins in 12% of bone marrow cells; other complex karyotypic changes were observed. Data on the clinical and cytogenetic features of these cases are compared with those of other reported cases of acute leukemia with dmins. The possible biologic and clinical significance of dmins in acute leukemia is discussed.
Lung Transplantation for Cystic Fibrosis Patients with <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> Complex
Authors: ROBERT M. ARIS, JONATHAN C. ROUTH, JOHN J. LiPUMA, DAVID G. HEATH, PETER H. GILLIGAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The number of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients undergoing lung transplant has risen over the past decade, because of a clear-cut survival benefit. However, patients with Burkholderia cepacia complex are often excluded from transplantation because of increased mortality. To determine the influence of B. cepacia complex genomovar type on transplant outcome, we undertook a retrospective study in 121 CF patients transplanted at UNC. Twenty-one and three patients, respectively, were infected pre- or postoperatively with B. cepacia complex. All posttransplant acquisitions were successfully treated. However, excess mortality occurred over the first 6 postoperative months in those infected preoperatively with B. cepacia complex compared with those not infected (33% versus 12%, p = 0.01). The 1-, 3-, and 5-yr survival were significantly lower in the B. cepacia complex cohort. Of the patients infected preoperatively, genomovar III patients were at the highest risk of B. cepacia complex–related mortality (5 of 12 versus 0 of 8, one isolate not typed; p = 0.035). Each of the B. cepacia complex–related deaths was caused by a unique genotype as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. All isolates were negative for the cable pilin gene. These results warrant a multicenter analysis of B. cepacia complex–infected patients with genomovar-typing to confirm that genomovar III patients are at highest risk for post-transplant complications.
Downregulation of Th 17 response after low dose clarithromycin in non-CF bronchiectasis patients
Authors: Evangelia Fouka, Ioannis Kotsianidis, George Kolios, Paraskevi Miltiades, Konstantinos I. Arvanitidis, Eirini Filidou, Emmanouil Paraskakis, Paul Zarogoulidis, Eftyxia Kalaitzidou, Demosthenes Bouros
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

INTRODUCTION: Th17 lymphocytes and, particularly, IL-22-secreting Th17 cells play a crucial role in neutrophilic inflammation and tissue injury. It has been shown that clarithromycin (CAM) has antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory effects. However, the effect of CAM administration on Th17 response in the setting of non-CF bronchiectasis has not yet been studied.  AIM: To evaluate the effects of CAM prophylaxis on the inflammatory process and Th17 response in patients with steady-state non-CF bronchiectasis.  METHODS: Ten adult patients received CAM 500mg per day p.o. for 12 weeks. Peripheral blood Th17 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry using antibodies against CD4, IL-17 and IL-22. IL-17 concentrations in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) were quantified using a commercially available ELISA. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) and clinical data were recorded during the treatment period.  RESULTS: Post treatment CD4+IL17+ count (cells/μl) and EBC IL-17 levels (pg/ml) decreased significantly (mean 3.2016±2.7280 vs 2.8181±1.9426, p=0.001 and 4.3560±1.5899 vs 3.2990±0.74311, p  CONCLUSION: We report for the first time that low dose CAM in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis appears to reduce lung inflammatory process potentially via downregulating the Th17 response.
Altered expression of costimulatory molecules in Behçet’s disease according to clinical activity
Authors: J.H. Sim, M.J. Park, S. Park, E-S. Lee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

The reduced expression of molecules limiting excessive immune responses has been considered a pathogenic mechanism associated with autoimmune diseases.To understand the implications of costimulatory molecules in Behçet's disease (BD), the expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 on T-cell subsets and of their ligands CD80, CD86 and PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) was investigated.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 11 patients with active BD, eight patients with inactive BD, eight patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers and 10 healthy volunteers as healthy controls (HC) were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. The expression of costimulatory molecules was then analysed by flow cytometry. Soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the transcript level of PD-L1 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The PD-L1 expression in skin lesions of patients with BD was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Compared with the HC group, reduced expression of CTLA-4 in CD4+ T cells after stimulation was observed in the active BD group, with no difference in the production of sCTLA-4. CD86 expression, in the resting APCs, was reduced in the active BD group compared with the HC group. PD-L1 expression in the APCs was decreased in the active BD group with or without stimulation of cells. Concordantly, the mRNA levels of PD-L1 in PBMC, and PD-L1 expression in the cutaneous lesions, were low in the active BD group.The results of this study suggest that altered expression of PD-L1, CTLA-4 and CD86 may be involved in the pathogenesis of BD.
Cancer chemopreventive potential of a natural sesquiterpenoid alantolactone mediated by the modulation of biomarkers of carcinogenesis
Authors: Hye-Young Min, Hyen Joo Park, Hwa-Jin Chung, Eun-Jung Park, Ji-Young Hong, You-Jin Kang, In-Kyung Bae, Sun-Jack Kim, Min-Ah Choi, Kwang-Kyun Park, Sang Kook Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

690 

In a previous study, a naturally occurring sesquiterpenoid alantolactone suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in mouse macrophage cells and inhibited cell proliferation against HCT 116 human colon cancer cells. With these biological activities, in this study, we further investigated the chemopreventive potential of alantolactone on the regulation of carcinogenic progression. First of all, we examined the effect of alantolactone on the expression of a phase II detoxification enzyme which acts on reactive metabolites and converts them to polar, non-reactive ones. Alantolactone dose-dependently induced the activity of quinone reductase (QR) in Hepa 1c1c7 cells. Treatment of alantolactone also increased QR mRNA expression, suggesting that up-regulation of QR activity might be related to the induction of QR expression. Next, we evaluated the anti-promotional effect of alantolactone with respect to the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and phobol ester-induced cell transformation. Alantolactone possessed anti-proliferative effect against HCT 116 human colon cancer cells with induction of G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and subsequent cell death. The induction of cell death by alantolactone was also associated with induction of apoptosis, which was demonstrated by increase of annexin V-positive cell population, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bax and NAG-1. In addition, co-treatment with N -acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) abrogated reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and anti-proliferative activity of alantolactone, indicating that one of mechanisms underlying alantolactone-mediated growth inhibition might be the increase of ROS generation. Furthermore, alantolactone suppressed phorbol ester-induced transformation of JB6 mouse epidermal cells in a soft agar colony formation assay. An additional study revealed that alantolactone inhibited phorbol ester-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in a dose-dependent manner. When employed for anti-metastatic potential of alantolactone in an animal model, treatment with alantolactone (0.5 mg/kg) showed about 50% decrease of lung metastasis of CT26 mouse colon cancer cells in a spontaneous lung metastasis model. Therefore, alantolactone might be considered to possess suppressive effects on multi-stage of carcinogenic processes. Taken together, these results might provide possible mechanisms of alantolactone on the regulation of carcinogenesis, and also suggest its potential as a candidate for developing cancer chemopreventive agents from natural products.
Evaluation of an ambulatory device, CID 102, in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Authors: C Van Surell, D Lemaigre, M Leroy, A Foucher, M P Hagenmuller, B Raffestin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is usually performed during overnight polysomnography in the sleep laboratory. In an attempt to simplify the diagnostic strategy, we compared an ambulatory device, CID 102, with polysomnography during the same night in the laboratory in 50 consecutive patients referred for polysomnography. The CID 102 device monitors oxygen saturation, heart rate, body position and tracheal breath sounds. An acoustic pressure sensor is placed on the suprasternal notch. Signals coming from this sensor are amplified and analysed in three different channels, according to their frequency and energy. CID respiratory disturbance index is defined as the number, per hour of analysis time, of apnoeas lasting more than 10 s plus episodes of desaturation by 4% or more associated with pauses lasting from 7-10 s or snores. The polysomnographic data were recorded on paper (Reega 2000, Alvar) and analysed manually. Polysomnographic apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHIp) was defined as the number of apnoeas plus hypopnoeas per hour of sleep. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of various CID respiratory disturbance index (&gt; or = 5, &gt; or = 10, &gt; or = 15 and &gt; or = 20 per hour) in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome were determined. When OSAS was diagnosed as AHIp &gt; or = 15, sensitivity and specificity of a CID respiratory disturbance index &gt; or = 5 were 73 and 62%, respectively. Positive predictive value of CID respiratory disturbance index &gt; or = 10 for AHIp &gt; or = 10 was 94%. CID 102 false negative patients had only hypopnoeas without any desaturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impact of gender on driving performance on an office based advanced driving simulator (MiniSim)
Authors: Akshay Dwarakanath, Dipansu Ghosh, Samantha Jamson, Mark Elliott
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction-

Untreated OSAS patients are at increased risk of having road traffic accidents. We have previously shown that untreated OSAS patients perform worse on the MiniSim than controls (failure rate-24% v/s 12%, p-0.03, OR-2.2). Previous simple simulator studies have suggested that women perform differently during simulated driving than men. However women are less likely than men to be involved in accidents while driving at speed, suggesting that simple simulators may be less useful for predicting accident risk in women. We investigated the effect of gender upon performance on the MiniSim.

Methods-

178 (52+/-11 yrs, ESS 13+/-7, ODI 32+/-24, males-154, females-24) untreated OSAS patients and 95 controls (50+/-15 yrs, ESS 3+/- 2, males-52, females-43) were included. All performed a 90km motorway driving simulation. Outcomes pass or fail, based on preset criteria, were compared between gender in patients and in controls.

Results-

Females perform worse on a driving simulator task when compared to males both in controls and in patients respectively.

View this table:

Comparing impact of gender in controls and driving simulator performance





View this table:

Comparing impact of gender in patients and driving simulator performance





Conclusion-

PC based driving simulator performance and task failure is gender dependent. This needs to be considered when interpreting results from PC based advanced driving simulators.
A Cost Analysis of the American Board of Internal Medicine's Maintenance-of-Certification Program
Authors: Alexander T. Sandhu, R. Adams Dudley, Dhruv S. Kazi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

In 2014, the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) substantially increased the requirements and fees for its maintenance-of-certification (MOC) program. Faced with mounting criticism, the ABIM suspended certain content requirements in February 2015 but retained the increased fees and number of modules. An objective appraisal of the cost of MOC would help inform upcoming consultations about MOC reform.To estimate the total cost of the 2015 version of the MOC program ("2015 MOC") and the incremental cost relative to the 2013 version ("2013 MOC").Decision analytic model.Published literature.All ABIM-certified U.S. physicians.10 years (2015 to 2024).Societal.2015 MOC.Testing costs (ABIM fees) and time costs (monetary value of physician time).Internists will incur an average of $23 607 (95% CI, $5380 to $66 383) in MOC costs over 10 years, ranging from $16 725 for general internists to $40 495 for hematologists-oncologists. Time costs account for 90% of MOC costs. Cumulatively, 2015 MOC will cost $5.7 billion over 10 years, $1.2 billion more than 2013 MOC. This includes $5.1 billion in time costs (resulting from 32.7 million physician-hours spent on MOC) and $561 million in testing costs.Costs are sensitive to time spent on MOC and MOC credits obtainable from current continuing education activities.Precise estimates of time required for MOC are not available.The ABIM MOC program will generate considerable costs, predominantly due to demands on physician time. A rigorous evaluation of its effect on clinical and economic outcomes is warranted to balance potential gains in health care quality and efficiency against the high costs identified in this study.University of California, San Francisco, and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
Rapid activation of pulmonary endothelial cells during high stretch ventilation in vivo
Authors: Samantha Woods, Kieran O'Dea, Masao Takata, Michael Wilson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Lung cell activation and the subsequent inflammatory response play a major role in the pathophysiology of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), but the precise chain of events in terms of which cell types are activated and when remains unclear. We studied the detailed profile of cellular activation in the very early phase following the onset of high stretch ventilation  in vivo .   Methods:  C57BL/6 mice were ventilated with low (8ml/kg) or high (38ml/kg) tidal volumes for 1-15 minutes. Lungs were immediately fixed and analysed by flow cytometry to measure MAP kinase pathway phosphorylation, specifically p38 and its downstream substrate MK2.   Results:  Endothelial cells (CD45- CD31+ CD41- CD105+) showed increased phospho-p38 and -MK2 after just 1 minute of high stretch ventilation (see table). In contrast, alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) (CD45- CD31- EpCAM+), both type 1 (T1α+ ICAM-1+) and type 2 (T1α- ICAM-1-), showed statistically significant increases only in phospho-p38 at this point. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) (CD45+ CD11b- F4/80+ CD11c+) only showed significant activation after 5 minutes of high stretch.   Conclusion:  Our data suggest that activation of the endothelium occurs prior to, or at least simultaneously to that of the epithelium, in response to high stretch. This almost instantaneous activation of the endothelium by stretch could directly trigger pulmonary intravascular inflammation during VILI, potentially contributing to systemic propagation of injury.