tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: J B Winer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Guillain Barré syndrome is one of the best examples of a post infectious immune disease and offers insights into the mechanism of tissue damage in other more common autoimmune diseases. Controlled epidemiological studies have linked it to infection with Campylobacter jejuni in addition to other viruses including cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus. The syndrome includes several pathological subtypes, of which the most common is a multifocal demyelinating disorder of the peripheral nerves in close association with macrophages. Evidence from histological examination of peripheral nerve biopsy and postmortem samples suggests that both cell mediated and humoral mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis. Immunological studies suggest that at least one third of patients have antibodies against nerve gangliosides, which in some cases also react with constituents of the liposaccharide of C jejuni. In the Miller Fisher variant of the disease, these antiganglioside antibodies have been shown to produce neuromuscular block, and may in part explain the clinical signs of that disorder. Treatment with both intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange reduces the time taken for recovery to occur, although mortality remains around 8%, with about 20% of patients remaining disabled.
Abstract P260: Active Video Game Participation in U.S. Youth: Findings from the National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey, 2010
Authors: Janet E Fulton, MinKyoung Song, Dianna D Carroll, Sarah M Lee
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objective: Active video game usage (active gaming) is a viable way to encourage and increase physical activity. Video game technology is perceived as ubiquitous although no current nationally-representative study describes participation in active gaming in U.S. youth. Our study describes the proportion of high school youth who report active gaming and the characteristics associated with active gaming. Methods: The National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey, 2010 provided data for this study. A nationally representative sample of 9,125 U.S. students in grades 9=12 completed a self-administered questionnaire during class in Spring, 2010. The survey response rate was 73%. Active gaming was assessed as the number of days reported participating in active video games [Wii, Dance Dance Revolution] in the past 7 days. Students reporting ≥1 days were classified as active gamers. Characteristics hypothesized to be associated with active gaming [demographic (sex, grade, race/ethnicity), BMI (normal, overweight, obese), sedentary behaviors (watching DVDs and TV), and physical activity (sports and physical education participation, meeting aerobic and muscle strengthening guidelines)] were also obtained from the questionnaire. Statistical software was used to account for complex sampling and to calculate prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between active gaming and demographic characteristics, BMI, sedentary behaviors, and physical activity. Results: The proportion of U.S. high school students reporting active gaming was 39.9% (95% CI = 37.9, 42.0%). Adjusting for all covariates, the following characteristics were positively associated (p&lt;0.05) with active gaming: 9 th and 10 th grades (versus 12 th grade), African-American race/ethnicity (versus Hispanic), overweight or obese (versus normal weight), watching DVDs &gt;0 hours/day (versus watching DVDs 0 hours/day) and watching TV &gt;0 hours/day (versus watching TV 0 hours/day), and meeting aerobic physical activity and muscle strengthening guidelines (versus not meeting the respective guidelines). Conclusion: Four out of 10 U.S. high school students report participating in active gaming. Active gamers are more likely to be younger, African-American, overweight or obese, spend time watching DVDs or TV, and meet physical activity guidelines. Active gaming may be a viable mode for U.S. youth to meet physical activity guidelines.
Immediate Versus Delayed Endovascular Treatment of Post-Traumatic Aortic Pseudoaneurysms and Type B Dissections: Retrospective Analysis and Premises to the Upcoming European Trial
Authors: Alessandro S. Bortone, Stefano Schena, Donato D’Agostino, Giovanni Dialetto, Vito Paradiso, G. Mannatrizio, Tommaso Fiore, Maurizio Cotrufo, Luigi de Luca Tupputi Schinosa
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Stent grafting has been reported as a viable therapeutic option for the delayed treatment of traumatic rupture of the aortic isthmus as well as reconstruction of thoracic aortic dissections. We tested the hypothesis of whether immediate endovascular management offers clinical and pathological advantages over a delayed approach in patients with post-traumatic aortic pseudoaneurysms (PAPs) and Stanford type-B dissections (TBDs).Thirty-one consecutive patients who were admitted with diagnosis of either PAP (n=10; 33.4+/-8.7 years) or TBD (n=21; 58.2+/-8.4 years) were respectively divided into 2 groups according to the timing of diagnosis and endovascular treatment after the traumatic or pathologic event: immediate ([lteq]2 weeks; PAP=6 and TBD=7) and delayed (>2 weeks; PAP=4 and TBD=14). Excluder-Gore (11 in PAP and 8 in TBD) and Talent-Medtronic (1 in PAP and 7 in TBD) endovascular stent grafts were deployed. Follow-up was performed at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year and based on laboratory tests; chest angio-computed tomography scans of chest, abdomen, and pelvis; and transesophageal echocardiography.The endovascular procedure proved uneventful in all PAP patients who underwent either immediate or delayed treatment. In 1 PAP patient with delayed treatment, surgical removal of the pseudoaneurysm was still necessary because of further compression of the airway stem. All immediately treated TBD patients were also successful. However, in 8 of 13 TBD patients with delayed treatment (61.5%), a stent graft deployment was not possible because of complicated progression of the false lumen and multiple intimal entry tears: 1 patient benefited by fenestrations of the false lumen and 7 patients underwent medical therapy. One patient (8.3%) died because of retrograde dissection involving the aortic arch. All patients treated with endovascular stent grafts were discharged within 5 days.An immediate endovascular management of PAP and TBD patients offers important advantages such as avoidance of high-risk surgical procedures and postoperative complications with short hospital stay. Moreover, it has been observed that an immediate endovascular treatment allows a safe management of all patients with complete healing of the aortic wall and regression of the pseudoaneurysm in the PAP group and thrombosis of the false lumen in TBD patients.
Relation of asthma control and exhaled nitric oxide in patients with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine
Authors: João Filipe Cruz, Cecilia Pacheco, Daniela Alves, Raquel Castro, Graça Reis, Miguel Guimarães, Aurora Carvalho, Ricardo Lima
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Questionnaires used to assess control of asthma are simple and pratical instruments to use in clinical practice, however its relation with airway inflammation remains unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the relation between asthma control, spirometry results and measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in patients with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients with suspicion of asthma that, in a 1 year period, went to a pulmonary function test laboratory perform methacholine challenge. Selection of patients with positive methacholine challenge and application of the questionnaires CARAT (Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test) and ACT (Asthma Control Test), measurement of FeNO and spirometric parameters.

Results: Of the 123 patients who underwent methacholine challenge, 41 (33,3%) were positive. Of these, 68,3% were female, with a mean age of 31,5 years, 73,2% non smokers, 53,7% with atopy, 63,4% with rhinitis, 31,7% in regular treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. The average score of CARAT was 19,3 and ACT 20,5. The average value of FeNO was 43,9 ppb. There was no significant association between scores of total CARAT and ACT with FeNO value or FEV1. The score between total CARAT and ACT had a significant relation (p <0,001, r=0,789). Patients with atopy had higher mean values of FeNO (56,9 vs 26,4, p=0,023).

Conclusion: In this sample, there was no significant association between asthma control and FeNO in patients with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. There was good relation between the two questionnaires. The presence of atopy was associated with higher FeNO values.
Advances in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Leora Horn
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

Clinical trial data continue to emerge on treatments in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), supporting the strategy that histology and molecular driver mutations should guide treatment selection. During her presentation at the NCCN 19th Annual Conference, Dr. Leora Horn highlighted 3 specific areas in which the 2014 NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for NSCLC focus attention: updates on the assortment of chemotherapy options, targeted therapies and how acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors appears to have become the catalyst of the development of newer-generations of agents, and the revisited role of newer immunotherapeutic options.
Malaria: Its Investigation and Control with Special Reference to Indian Conditions.
Authors: Robert Knowles, Ronald Senior-White
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for graft failure: Poor outcomes for neutropenic graft failure
Authors: Troy C. Lund, Jessica Liegel, Nelli Bejanyan, Paul J. Orchard, Qing Cao, Jakub Tolar, Claudio Brunstein, John E. Wagner, Michael R. Verneris, Daniel Weisdorf
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Graft failure (GF) after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) occurs in 5-30% of patients. GF can be accompanied by neutropenia (NGF) or can result with adequate neutrophils, but loss of donor chimerism (non-neutropenic graft failure, NNGF). In this report, we describe the outcomes of 95 patients treated with a second HCT for GF at the University of Minnesota; 62 with NGF and 33 with NNGF. The cumulative incidence of neutrophil recovery at 42 days after second HCT was 45% for NGF and 88% for NNGF. A second GF occurred in 34 NGF (55%) and in 9 NNGF (27%) patients. The incidence of Grade III-IV acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) was 8% (95% confidence interval (CI), 1-16%) and 12% (95% CI, 1-23%) for NGF and NNGF, respectively. From the 2nd HCT, 1-year overall survival (OS) was 44% (95% CI, 34-54%), [NNGF: 76% (95% CI, 57-87%) and NGF: 27% (95% CI, 17-39%)]. The most common cause of death after second HCT was infection (52%). In summary, the outcomes of second HCT after NGF and NNGF are different with much worse outcomes for NGF necessitating new approaches for this complication.
Biochemical Study of Nuclei Isolated From Normal Lung and From Lung Tumors. II. Nuclear RNAs of Low Molecular Weight&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ebrahim Yazdi, Ferenc Györkey
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The cell nuclei of human “nermal” lung tissue and lung carcinomas contained at least 6 distinct, low-molecular weight species of RNA. Each RNA band in the nuclei of normal lung tissue had a corresponding species of RNA in the nuclei of human lung carcinomas, with the relative mobilities identical to those of normal lung tissue. The nucleotide composition of the whole low-molecular weight nuclear RNAs of normal lung tissue was characterized by a low content of cytidine monophosphete (15%) as compared with that in low-molecular weight RNAs of human liver (25%). Although not established conclusively, the molecular size of these species of RNA, as studied by coelectrophoresis, may differ from the corresponding RNAs of rodent tissue.
Comparison between Penh and airway resistance in a mild and severe mouse model for allergic asthma
Authors: Kim Verheijden, Paul Henricks, Frank Redegeld, Frans Nijkamp, Gert Folkerts
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  For many years the parameter Penh to measure airway hyperresponsiveness has been under discussion.   Objective:  Compare invasive ventilated lung resistance in anesthetized mice with the non-invasive non-ventilated Penh measurement in conscious mice in a mild and severe allergic asthma model.   Methods:  In Balb/c mice airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation were determined. Intraperitoneal sensitization and aerosol of ovalbumine was used to induce mild asthma. Intraperitoneal sensitization with trinitrophenyl-ovalbumin followed by intranasal challenge with trinitrophenyl-ovalbumin-IgE was used to induce severe asthma. One hour after lung function measurement bronchoalveolar lavage was performed.   Results:  A significant increase in airway responsiveness to methacholine was observed in the mild group when lung resistance was measured but not with the Penh. The increased airway responsiveness was much more pronounced in the severe group and significant changes were observed using lung resistance measurement or Penh. In the mild group there was a significant increase in number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage which was more pronounced in the severe group. Interestingly, ventilation of the animals after the lung resistance measurement, increased even further the number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage.   Conclusion:  Although the Penh is under discussion, it seems that ventilation of the animals increases the numbers of bronchoalveolar lavage cells independent of the severity of asthma. The acute increase of inflammatory cells due to ventilation, may contribute to the more pronounced increase in airway responsiveness using the lung resistance measurement.
Time required for PaO2 equilibration in patients with severe COPD
Authors: Lars Pilegaard Thomsen, Stephen Edward Rees, Ulla Weinreich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Adjusting the inspired oxygen level in patients with COPD can be time consuming. Typically 30 minutes are waited before drawing an arterial sample to verify the PaO2 level.  Consensus does not exist as to whether 30 minutes is a necessary period. Sherter et al. (Sherter, CB et al. Chest 1975; 67:259-261) showed that 20 minutes were required to return to baseline PaO2 after increased O2 in spontaneously breathing patients with COPD. In contrast, Sasse et al. (Sasse, SA et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152(1):148-52) showed that 7 minutes were required to reach 90% of baseline PaO2 after an increase in O2 in mechanically ventilated patients with COPD. To the authors knowledge no study has investigated PaO2 equilibrium time following clinically relevant de- and increases in O2 in spontaneously breathing patients with COPD.  This study investigated PaO2 equilibration time in 5 patients with severe COPD in stable state (mean FEV1% 26, mean MRC-score 4.2), by analysis of consecutively drawn ABG samples. The initial PaO2 level was measured by 2 ABG9s at the patient9s LTOT level (1-2 l/min). Hereafter, LTOT was discontinued or reduced. Blood samples were drawn after 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 17, 22, 32, and 33 minutes to analyse the reduction in PaO2. Hereafter LTOT was set to the initial level and increase in PaO2 was analysed at the same time periods. The 90% equilibrium times for PaO2 were 5.3 (±2.8) min for the decrease and 5.4 (±0.4) min for the increase in O2.  These results show a faster response to changes in FiO2 than seen previously, with similar response times for de- and increase in O2. Results indicate that it may be possible to reduce the time waited before evaluating ABG following changes in inspired oxygen.
A study of etiological and clinical profile of community acquired pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital in Western India
Authors: Ritesh Sharma, Ram Deoskar, Medha Bargaje, Prashant Kumar, Yogesh Agarwal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objectives:- To study the etiological and clinical profile of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalization.  Method(s):- 85 cases of CAP out of 103 cases of pneumonia admitted at Bharati Hospital, Pune were studied by a cross-sectional survey from August 2010 to August 2012.The clinical profile, organisms involved and the incidence of community acquired pneumonia(CAP) was evaluated.  Result(s):-Gram negative bacilli were most commonly found in 35(34%) cases followed by gram positive cocci in 34(33%) cases. CAP accounted for 85(82.5%) cases followed by HAP in 10(9.7%) and VAP in 8(7.8%) cases.  In CAP, Klebsiella spp. was isolated in 18 cases, Staphylococcus aureus in 13 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 11 cases. On sputum culture, Klebsiella spp. species were found in 20 (19.42%) patients followed by Staphylococcus aureus in 14 (13.59%), pseudomonas in 5 (4.85%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 4 (3.88%) cases. No pathogen was grown in 27 (26.21%) cases.  Fever (95.1%) was the most common symptom followed by cough (75.7%) and breathlessness (65%).  Conclusion(s):- In the present study, gram negative organisms were more commonly isolated on sputum culture, so the empirical therapy in pneumonia should be directed also towards these organisms for a better outcome and there is need for further new diagnostic modalities for atypical pathogens causing pneumonias as isolation rate by conventional methods is very low.
Alveolar Fibrin Formation Caused by Enhanced Procoagulant and Depressed Fibrinolytic Capacities in Severe Pneumonia
Authors: ANDREAS GÜNTHER, PARVIN MOSAVI, SABINE HEINEMANN, CLEMENS RUPPERT, HEIDI MUTH, PHILIPP MARKART, FRIEDRICH GRIMMINGER, DIETER WALMRATH, BETTINA TEMMESFELD-WOLLBRÜCK, WERNER SEEGER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Changes in the alveolar hemostatic balance in severe pneumonia were compared with those in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Analysis was performed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of patients with ARDS triggered by nonpulmonary underlying events in the absence of lung infection (ARDS; n = 25), pneumonia demanding mechanical ventilation (PNEU-vent; n = 114), spontaneously breathing patients with pneumonia (PNEU-spon; n = 40), and ARDS in combination with lung infection (ARDS + PNEU; n = 43); comparison with healthy control subjects (n = 35) was performed. In all groups of patients, BALF total procoagulant activity was increased by nearly two orders of magnitude, being largely attributable to the tissue factor pathway of coagulation. Concomitantly, markedly reduced overall fibrinolytic capacity (fibrin plate assay) was noted in the lavage fluids of all patients. BALF levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator were significantly reduced throughout, whereas the lavage concentrations of tissue-type plasminogen activator did not differ from those in control subjects. In addition, markedly enhanced levels of plasminogen activator- inhibitor I and α2-antiplasmin were noted in ARDS, ARDS + PNEU, and PNEU-vent, but not in PNEU-spon. In all groups of patients, the changes in the lavage enzymatic activities were paralleled by manifold increased BALF concentrations of fibrinopeptide A and D-dimer, reflecting in vivo coagulation processes. Within the overall number of patients with pneumonia, changes in the alveolar hemostatic balance were more prominent in alveolar and interstitial pneumonia than in bronchopneumonia. Acute inflammatory lung injury, whether triggered by nonpulmonary systemic events or primary lung infection, is thus consistently characterized by both enhanced procoagulant and depressed fibrinolytic activities in the alveolar lining layer, with the appearance of fibrin formation in this compartment. Profile and extent of changes in severe pneumonia demanding respirator therapy are virtually identical to those in ARDS, whereas somewhat less prominent alterations of the alveolar hemostatic balance are noted in spontaneously breathing patients with pneumonia. Günther A, Mosavi P, Heinemann S, Ruppert C, Muth H, Markart P, Grimminger F, Walmrath D, Temmesfeld-Wollbrück B, Seeger W. Alveolar fibrin formation caused by enhanced procoagulant and depressed fibrinolytic capacities in severe pneumonia: comparison with the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Lenalidomide Therapy in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: K. Okada, Y. Okamoto, T. Tsukamoto, H. Sugiura, H. Matsui, T. Ueda, T. Jo, T. Onishi, A. Kunitomi, Y. Ueda
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
LSC 2014 abstract - Influenza infection may cause exacerbation of lung fibrosis through collagen deposition
Authors: Anastasios Stavrou, Lisa Jolly, Nicholas Glanville, Anthony Habgood, Joanne Porte, Amanda Tatler, Andy Blanchard, Sebastian Johnston, Gisli Jenkins
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Activated TGFβ promotes pro-apoptotic pathways in lung epithelial cells, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IPF. The Influenza-A virus infects epithelial cells leading to cell death and injury, and can also activate TGFβ. The rhinovirus causes common cold. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterised by deposition of collagen within the lung. The role of viral respiratory tract infections in IPF is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of viral infections in collagen deposition within the lung.  C57Bl6 mice were infected with 20HAU influenza ‘x319 for 5 days or rhinovirus for 3,7 days or PBS. Lungs were harvested and a hydroxyproline (HYP) assay was performed. 60U of bleomycin were instilled into the lungs of C57Bl/6 mice to induce pulmonary fibrosis. After 28 days mice were exposed intranasally to 10, 20HAU influenza virus or PBS. Lungs were harvested 5 or 21 days later for mRNA analysis, histology and HYP levels.  Mice with non-fibrotic lungs infected with influenza showed increased lung collagen deposition as early as 5 days post-infection. Mice infected with rhinovirus showed no increase in lung collagen levels 3 days or 7 days post-infection. Mice that were given bleomycin for 28 days showed an enhanced fibrotic response after influenza infection: there were increased lung HYP levels and an increase in matrix deposition on Masson9s trichrome. There also was an increase in CCNA2 mRNA in influenza-infected, bleomycin-exposed mice, indicating an increase in epithelial apoptosis.  These data suggest that influenza infection promotes exacerbations of lung collagen deposition perhaps via epithelial cell apoptosis and TGFβ activation.