tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regional Plan to Aid Infants with Heart Disease
Authors: Norman S. Talner, Alexander S. Nadas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The development and availability of community and regional services for the critically ill infant with congenital heart disease, as outlined in the Second National Conference of Cardiovascular Diseases (1964), involves early case finding, ease of access to diagnostic facilities and, if indicated, prompt and skilled surgical intervention. Emphasized in this report was the need for a new approach to ease detection including Cooperative teaching projects involving cardiologists, pediatricians, obstetricians and obstetric and pediatric nurses, with special efforts directed toward the early recognition of cardiac difficulty. The magnitude of the overall problem can be gleaned from published figures on the incidence . . .
ACUTE ARTERIAL INJURIES
Authors: Frederick M. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1949)

To the Editor:—  Although the lateness of the hour barred my attempted discussion of Dr. Freeman's paper on Acute Arterial Injuries (The Journal, April 23, p. 1125), the alleged injury of tissues by refrigeration and especially Dr. de Takats' assertion that refrigerated tissues cannot survive should still be compared with the following facts: (1) the survival of animals' legs after fifty-four hours (my original experiments) and of rats' tails after ninety-six hours (Brooks and Duncan) of refrigeration without circulation; (2) the healing of stumps after the usual refrigeration with a tourniquet for several hours, extended in one instance to forty-eight hours (Crossman); (3) the successful reconstruction of a mangled hand after packing in ice for two weeks (Nachlas); (4) severed fingers, hanging only by a shred of skin, saved with refrigeration for several days when they could not be saved otherwise (Crossman, Kanaar and others); (5) reduced temperatures for orthopedic
Expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1/SDI1) and p53 in apoptotic cells in the adrenal cortex and induction by ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Authors: V V Didenko, X Wang, L Yang, P J Hornsby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

p21(WAF1/CIP1/SDI1), an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, is expressed at varying levels in human adrenal glands removed during surgery or organ recovery. In glands with p21 mRNA, nuclear p21 immunoreactivity, which was occasionally extensive, colocalized with p53 immunoreactivity and DNA damage, as evidenced by in situ end-labeling. Many cells showed morphological features of apoptosis when observed by fluorescent DNA dye staining and electron microscopy. This pattern was also associated with high levels of cytoplasmic heat shock protein 70. To address the question of the origin of p21 expression in some human adrenal glands, rat adrenal glands were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 8 h of reperfusion. Cells with nuclear p21 and p53 appeared in the adrenal cortex together with DNA damage detected by in situ end-labeling. Nuclear p21 immunoreactivity was also produced in adrenal tissue fragments incubated at 37 degrees C in vitro. However, in this case, p21 expression was confined to the cut edge of the tissue. In contrast, p21 in human adrenal glands, as in ischemic rat glands, was within the inner regions of the cortex, supporting an origin of the protein in vivo rather than postmortem. The p53/p21 pathway of reaction to cellular injury, potentially leading to apoptosis, may play a role in tissue damage such as that resulting from ischemia/reperfusion. In the human adrenal cortex this process may be a precursor of adrenal failure.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE TREATMENT OF DELIRIUM TREMENS
Authors: HENRY KRYSTAL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

The current study involved the analysis of 700 cases of D. T., including a review of the causes of death of the 17 patients who succumbed to this illness. Forty-five patients were subjected to a study of their water and electrolyte disturbance. Delirium tremens was found to be a combination of a physiological disturbance and an emotional stress in an individual whose relation to reality is, at best, tenuous. The particular mental event precipitating delirium was felt to be the "pharmacothymic crisis." The physiological disturbance was found to be varied and consisting of one or more of the following syndromes: 1. Dehydration; 2. Low serum magnesium; 3. Low salt syndrome; 4. Brain swelling. The last two, as well as the lack of resistance to infection, frequently found in delirium tremens, were assumed to be due to an inability to respond to stress. Owing mainly to a chronic vitamin deficiency, the alcoholic is unable to respond with the formation of desoxycorticosteronelike, prophlogistic mineral-corticoids. Methods of clinical diagnosis of the several physiological disturbances involved in delirium tremens were discussed, and suggestions were made to revise the management of this syndrome accordingly.
Fetal Sex and Hemolytic Disease from Maternal Red-Cell Alloimmunization
Authors: Barbara Ulm, Martin R. Ulm, Simon Panzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: Fetal anemia secondary to maternal Rh alloimmunization is a major cause of intrauterine and postnatal morbidity and mortality. The relations between fetal sex and the antenatal cours...
Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Assembly by Tetherin Induces NFκB-Dependent Proinflammatory Responses
Authors: Rui Pedro Galão, Anna Le Tortorec, Suzanne Pickering, Tonya Kueck, Stuart J.D. Neil
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)

Antiviral proteins that recognize pathogen-specific or aberrantly located molecular motifs are perfectly positioned to act as pattern-recognition receptors and signal to the immune system. Here we investigated whether the interferon-induced viral restriction factor tetherin (CD317/BST2), which is known to inhibit HIV-1 particle release by physically tethering virions to the cell surface, has such a signaling role. We find that upon restriction of Vpu-defective HIV-1, tetherin acts as a virus sensor to induce NFκB-dependent proinflammatory gene expression. Signaling requires both tetherin's extracellular domain involved in virion retention and determinants in the cytoplasmic tail, including an endocytic motif, although signaling is independent of virion endocytosis. Furthermore, recruitment of the TNF-receptor-associated factor TRAF6 and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase TAK1 are critical for signaling. Human tetherin's ability to mediate efficient signaling may have arisen as a result of a five amino acid deletion that occurred in hominids after their divergence from chimpanzees.
Prevalence of sensitization to mugwort pollen allergens and association with food allergy to peach*1
Authors: F. Polo, F.J. García-Sellés, G. García-Casado, M. Lombardero, M.J. Chamorro, R. Sánchez-Monge, G. Salcedo, D. Barber
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Decision making by general practitioners in diagnosis and management of lower urinary tract symptoms in women.
Authors: I Nazareth, M King
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To identify factors influencing decision making by general practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in women. SETTING--Two suburban London general practices. SUBJECTS--Women presenting to their family doctor with lower urinary tract symptoms. DESIGN--After each consultation the doctor completed a questionnaire on presenting symptoms; clinical examination; investigations undertaken; presence of psychological, social, and menstrual problems; patients9 requests for antibiotics; antibiotic prescribing; knowledge of the patient; attitude towards the consultation; and any other factors assisting in diagnosis and management. Finally, doctors predicted the presence or absence of clinically important bacteriuria. Each woman completed a demographic questionnaire, the 12 item general health questionnaire, and the modified menstrual distress questionnaire, after which each provided a clean catch midstream urine sample. Case notes were examined for information on previous reports of results of urine analysis. RESULTS--When the general practitioners did not know the patients well they were 4.5 times more likely to assume that there was a clinically important infection. When they knew the patient well, they were four times more likely to make a correct prediction of the test result and 12 times less likely to prescribe antibiotics. Doctors were five times more likely to predict the test result correctly in patients from social classes 1 and 2 and were six times more likely to prescribe antibiotics for the older women in the sample. CONCLUSIONS--In women presenting with urinary tract symptoms, these family practitioners seemed to take no particular regard of physical, psychological, or menstrual factors in making their assessments. They were most accurate in their prediction of the result of urine analysis and least likely to prescribe antibiotics when they had a good general knowledge of the patient. Which came first, the diagnosis or prescribing, is difficult to say and probably differed in individual cases. Doctors tended to be more conservative in their management of older women and those whom they knew less well.
Relation of the Inanimate Hospital Environment to Endemic Nosocomial Infection
Authors: Dennis G. Maki, Carla J. Alvarado, Carol A. Hassemer, Mary Ann Zilz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

WHEREAS many epidemics of nosocomial infection have stemmed from reservoirs of pathogens in the inanimate hospital environment,1 , 2 the contribution of the environment, particularly air, surfaces, and fomites, to the acquisition and spread of endemic nosocomial infection is unclear, and the value of routine microbiologic surveillance of the inanimate hospital environment has been controversial.3 4 5 6 7 8 In 1974 the Committee on Infections within Hospitals of the American Hospital Association concluded:The occurrence of nosocomial infection has not been related to levels of microbial contamination of air, surfaces, and fomites . . . meaningful standards for permissible levels of such contamination do not exist . . .
The Nail in Health and Disease
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

It seems that fingernails and toe-nails, despite being among the more visible parts of human anatomy, rarely receive their due in literature. Those descriptions that are offered often seem to lean toward the sinister: long, clawlike fingernails or tortures involving insertions under, or extraction of, the nails. But nature and normal human activity can provide plenty of problems for these 20 comparatively small anatomic areas, and many of the nail-related difficulties that are apt to come to medical attention are described in this interesting and unusual book. According to the author, some of these problems, such as the polish removers of a few years ago that could go through the nail plate, are subsiding. But other problems still are surfacing as a result of past events. For example, keratoses now are being seen that are attributed to ionizing radiation used 20 to 35 years ago to treat fungal problems and
Endothelial cells internalize and degrade RGD-modified proteins developed for tumor vasculature targeting
Authors: Astrid J Schraa, Robbert J Kok, Agnes D Berendsen, Henk E Moorlag, Erwin J Bos, Dirk K.F Meijer, Lou F.M.H de Leij, Grietje Molema
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2002)
Vitamin K for neonates
Authors: M. Cornelissen, R. Hirasing
Journal: BMJ (1994)

cholesterolaemia is found and the decision is made to measure the low density lipoprotem cholesterol concentration.Many laboratories use an indirect measurement of this which requires knowledge of the triglyceride concentration.Consistent evidence that triglycerides have an important independent role in the prevention of coronary heart disease, however, remains elusive; calls for triglyceride testing must appeal to faith rather than established fact.
DNMT3B7, a Truncated DNMT3B Isoform Expressed in Human Tumors, Disrupts Embryonic Development and Accelerates Lymphomagenesis
Authors: Mrinal Y. Shah, Aparna Vasanthakumar, Natalie Y. Barnes, Maria E. Figueroa, Anna Kamp, Christopher Hendrick, Kelly R. Ostler, Elizabeth M. Davis, Shang Lin, John Anastasi, Michelle M. Le Beau, Ivan P. Moskowitz, Ari Melnick, Peter Pytel, Lucy A. Godley
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Epigenetic changes are among the most common alterations observed in cancer cells, yet the mechanism by which cancer cells acquire and maintain abnormal DNA methylation patterns is not understood. Cancer cells have an altered distribution of DNA methylation and express aberrant DNA methyltransferase 3B transcripts, which encode truncated proteins, some of which lack the COOH-terminal catalytic domain. To test if a truncated DNMT3B isoform disrupts DNA methylation in vivo, we constructed two lines of transgenic mice expressing DNMT3B7, a truncated DNMT3B isoform commonly found in cancer cells. DNMT3B7 transgenic mice exhibit altered embryonic development, including lymphopenia, craniofacial abnormalities, and cardiac defects, similar to Dnmt3b-deficient animals, but rarely develop cancer. However, when DNMT3B7 transgenic mice are bred with Emicro-Myc transgenic mice, which model aggressive B-cell lymphoma, DNMT3B7 expression increases the frequency of mediastinal lymphomas in Emicro-Myc animals. Emicro-Myc/DNMT3B7 mediastinal lymphomas have more chromosomal rearrangements, increased global DNA methylation levels, and more locus-specific perturbations in DNA methylation patterns compared with Emicro-Myc lymphomas. These data represent the first in vivo modeling of cancer-associated DNA methylation changes and suggest that truncated DNMT3B isoforms contribute to the redistribution of DNA methylation characterizing virtually every human tumor.
ALTERED MYOCARDIAL GLUCOSE UTILIZATION AND THE REVERSE MISMATCH PATTERN ON 18F-FDG PET DURING THE SUB-ACUTE PHASE FOLLOWING REPERFUSION
Authors: Daniel D. Anselm, Anjali Anselm, Jennifer Renaud, Harold Atkins, Rob deKemp, Ian G. Burwash, Kathryn Williams, Ann Guo, Cathy Kelly, Jean DaSilva, Rob S. Beanlands, Christopher Glover
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Biochemical Importance of Glycosylation in Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor
Authors: Karlien Buelens, Kerstin Hillmayer, Griet Compernolle, Paul J. Declerck, Ann Gils
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Activated Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFIa) exerts an antifibrinolytic effect by removing C-terminal lysines from partially degraded fibrin. These lysines are essential for a rapid conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by tissue type plasminogen activator. TAFI is heavily glycosylated at Asn 22 , Asn 51 , Asn 63 , and Asn 86 . Although the glycans occurring at the glycosylation sites have previously been identified, the biochemical role of these glycans is not known yet. Therefore, we have determined the biochemical importance of the glycosylation in TAFI. Four single, 6 double, 4 triple, and 1 quadruple mutant, in which asparagine was replaced by glutamine, were constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells. Based on the determination of antigen and activity levels on conditioned medium, 4 single and 1 triple mutant were purified and their biochemical properties were determined. The glycosylation knockout mutants did neither reveal an altered fragmentation pattern nor differences in TAFIa stability, but TAFI-N51Q, TAFI-N63Q, and TAFI-N22Q-N51Q-N63Q revealed a decreased TAFIa activity, an increased intrinsic catalytic activity of the zymogen, and a decreased antifibrinolytic potential compared with TAFI–wild-type, whereas TAFI-N22Q and TAFI-N86Q revealed an increased antifibrinolytic potential probably because of an increased catalytic efficiency toward the physiological substrate. From these data it can be concluded that mainly the glycosylation at Asn 86 contributes to the biochemical characteristics of TAFI. Furthermore we provide evidence that the activation peptide stays in close proximity to the TAFIa moiety after activation.
The Significance of Asplenia in the Recognition of Inoperable Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: WILLIAM C. ROBERTS, WILLIAM B. BERRY, ANDREW G. MORROW
Journal: Circulation (1962)

SPLENIC AGENESIS in association with conigeniital heart disease imnplies the pres- eniee of multiple anid complex nmalformations of tire heart an1d great vessels,' 3 anid conse- (luently inoperable cardiae disease.3Such was the ease in an extremely eyanotic anid dysp- neic 3-monlth-old male iiifant with nio cardiac imiurmur.The electrocardiogramn showed righlt axis deviatiotn, anid suggested right atrial en- largemenit, righlit ventricular hypertrophy, antd abnormal positioninig of the ventrieles.Chest roenitgenog-ranm (fig. 1) disclosed a normal-sized, nornmally located heart and a rigrht-sided gastric air bubble.Selective angiocardiogrraphly (fi(g 2) slboxved tranisposi-
Left Ventricular Performance in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Authors: Steven Siu-lung Li, Cheung-wah Cheng, Chiu-lai Fu, Yiu-han Chan, Man-po Lee, Johnny Wai-man Chan, Siu-fung Yiu
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is characterized by an overaggressive immune response. Myocardial performance may be impaired in cytokine-mediated immune reactions. Methods and Results— Forty-six patients with established clinical diagnosis of SARS were studied prospectively. Transthoracic echocardiographic examinations were done at the acute stage of infection and 30 days later. Among them, 14 patients required mechanical ventilation. The clinical course, laboratory data, SARS-CoV antibody titers, and results of reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction were studied. Significantly higher left ventricular index of myocardial performance (IMP) (0.42±0.13 versus 0.33±0.09, P &lt;0.001), longer isovolumic relaxation time (102.9±15.7 versus 81.6±14.7 ms, P &lt;0.001), lower flow propagation velocity (69.6±15.7 versus 83.8±19.7 cm/s, P =0.011), and Doppler-derived cardiac output (4.69±1.01 versus 5.49±1.04 L/min, P &lt;0.001) were observed during acute infection when compared with those at 30 days. No significant valvular disease or pulmonary hypertension was found. At baseline, a lower mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (65.3±12.8% versus 71.4±5.7%, P =0.03) and a higher mean IMP (0.51±0.11 versus 0.40±0.12, P =0.017) were found in patients who required mechanical ventilation. A decrease in LVEF correlated moderately with an elevated lactate dehydrogenase level ( r =−0.605, P &lt;0.001), whereas a higher IMP correlated weakly with an increase in creatine kinase level ( r =0.38, P =0.016). Histological examination of the heart in the patient with the lowest EF (30.2%) revealed no interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate or myocyte necrosis. Conclusions— Subclinical diastolic impairment without systolic involvement was observed in patients with SARS. This impairment may be reversible on clinical recovery.
Intravenous Iron Dextran in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Roger D. Hamstra
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Four hundred seventy-one adult patients and ten adult prisoner volunteers received 2,099 intravenous (IV) injections of iron dextran (Imferon), usually 250 to 500 mg at less than 100 mg/min. Intravenous iron supplies enough iron to permit RBC formation greater than 50 mL/day and repletion of tissue iron. Tissue iron did not always supply iron at an optimal rate. Hemoglobin production was higher after IV than oral or intramuscular iron if the hemoglobin level was less than 9 g/dL. Three life-threatening immediate anaphylactoid and eight severe delayed reactions were observed. There were no deaths. Delayed reactions were more frequent in women and collagen-vascular diseases and less frequent in pregnancy. Because anaphylactoid reactions are serious and unpredictable, IV iron dextran should be used only when iron deficiency anemia cannot be treated adequately with oral iron.
A Five-Year Study of Tolbutamide in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: DeWitt E. DeLawter
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE ULTIMATE value of the sulfonylurea drugs in the management of the mild "adult type" diabetic is being determined by the accumulation of results in patients taking the drugs over a long period of time. The 5-year follow-up of 200 patients who started taking tolbutamide in 1956, is reviewed for evaluation of the effectiveness of this sulfonylurea preparation. This group has been reported previously after 12, 24, and 36 months of treatment. Method The 200 patients selected for this study consisted of 105 treated in the Diabetic Clinic of the Georgetown University Hospital and 95 treated in our private offices. All were instructed to follow a measured diet, but it was obvious that many of them made no change in their food habits. Tolbutamide (Orinase) was used in the smallest effective dose. The tolbutamide response test was not used in the selection of our patients, but the drug was offered to
Exhibition aids dialogue between doctors and patients with chronic pain
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

An art exhibition entitled Perceptions of Pain opened this week at the Royal College of Physicians, London, featuring photographs created by artist Deborah Padfield, after she spoke to patients with chronic pain from St Thomas' Hospital. Red Hot Wire (above) was created in collaboration with patient Linda Sinfield. The exhibition, funded by the Guy's and St Thomas' charitable foundation, continues until 15 October.
RADIOLOGY OF THE GALL BLADDER BY GRAHAM'S METHOD
Authors: H. Cohen, R. E. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1925)

JIacontent of blood serum or plasma.It has numerous advantages over other tests whichl liave subsequently been proposed: (a) its extreme delicacy; (b) is not given by other yellow substances which may colour the plasma; (c) gives important qualitative distinctions between certaini forms of icterus; (d) can now be used for a satisfactory quantitative estimation of bilirubin.2. The qualitative reaction may eniable a positive diagnosis of ohstructive or of haemolytic icterus to be made.Per- iicious anaemia, except in the stage of rapid temporary impr-ovement, can be distinguished from secondary anaeimiias.In some diseases (for example, catarrhal jaundice, subacute liver atrophy, cardiac failure) the reactioni may pass through all the stages from completely delayed to prompt direct, as the disease progresses.As a rule, however, in the com-imonest tvpe of jaundice (the toxic and inifective hepatic group) no information of any diaglnostic or prognostic value is given to the clinician.3. The test is of great practical value for the detection of " latent " jaundice.4. Various alterations in the original technique have improved and simplified its use in clinical miedicinie.
The Medical Mandarins: The French Academy of Medicine in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Guenter B. Risse
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The Royal Academy of Medicine, established in France during the Bourbon Restoration in 1820, provides a unique window from which to survey all key contemporary developments in French medicine. The author, a prominent historian-sociologist at McGill University, has provided a comprehensive and scholarly account of the institution's first century. In his reconstruction of the academy, Weisz has refreshingly presented his findings without placing them into ideological frameworks that tend to straitjacket historical events and place them in the service of particular political or sociological agendas. His methodology is simple: to depict the activities of a multifaceted institution such as the Royal Academy of Medicine through its debates and publications, as well as through an analysis of its distinguished membership. When founded in 1820, the academy was primarily envisioned by its royal patrons as an instrument of France's public health and medical care policies. Advisory to the government, the academy acquired