tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of PBDE Serum Concentrations in Mexican and Mexican-American Children Living in California
Authors: Brenda Eskenazi, Laura Fenster, Rosemary Castorina, Amy R. Marks, Andreas Sjödin, Lisa Goldman Rosas, Nina Holland, Armando Garcia Guerra, Lizbeth Lopez-Carillo, Asa Bradman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), which are used as flame retardants, have been found to be higher in residents of California than of other parts of the United States.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the role of immigration to California on PBDE levels in Latino children.Methods: We compared serum PBDE concentrations in a population of first-generation Mexican-American 7-year-old children (n = 264), who were born and raised in California [Center for Health Analysis of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study], with 5-year-old Mexican children (n = 283), who were raised in the states in Mexico where most CHAMACOS mothers had originated (Proyecto Mariposa).Results: On average, PBDE serum concentrations in the California Mexican-American children were three times higher than their mothers' levels during pregnancy and seven times higher than concentrations in the children living in Mexico. The PBDE serum concentrations were higher in the Mexican-American children regardless of length of time their mother had resided in California or the duration of the child's breast-feeding. These data suggest that PBDE serum concentrations in these children resulted primarily from postnatal exposure.Conclusions: Latino children living in California have much higher PBDE serum levels than their Mexican counterparts. Given the growing evidence documenting potential health effects of PBDE exposure, the levels in young children noted in this study potentially present a major public health challenge, especially in California. In addition, as PBDEs are being phased out and replaced by other flame retardants, the health consequences of these chemical replacements should be investigated and weighed against their purported fire safety benefits.
Distribution of childhood leukaemias and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas near nuclear installations in England and Wales
Authors: J F Bithell, S J Dutton, G J Draper, N M Neary
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To examine the relation between the risk of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma and proximity of residence to nuclear installations in England and Wales. <b>Design</b> : Observed and expected numbers of cases were calculated and analysed by standard methods based on ratios of observed to expected counts and by a new statistical test, the linear risk score test, based on ranks and designed to be sensitive to excess incidence in close proximity to a putative source of risk. <b>Setting</b> : Electoral wards within 25 km of 23 nuclear installations and six control sites that had been investigated for suitability for generating stations but never used. <b>Subjects</b> : Children below age 15 in England and Wales, 1966-87. Main outcome measure - Registration of any leukaemia or non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma. <b>Results</b> : In none of the 25 km circles around the installations was the incidence ratio significantly greater than 1.0. The only significant results for the linear risk score test were for Sellafield (P=0.00002) and Burghfield (P=0.031). The circles for Aldermaston and Burghfield overlap; the incidence ratio was 1.10 in each. One of the control sites gave a significant linear risk score test result (P=0.020). All the tests carried out were one sided with P values estimated by simulation. <b>Conclusion</b> : There is no evidence of a general increase of childhood leukaemia or non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma around nuclear installations. Apart from Sellafield, the evidence for distance related risk is very weak.
Virus-Like Structures in Lymphocytes of Patients with Systemic and Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: JOSEPH R. GOODMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Peripheral lymphocytes from 72 people—22 with discoid lupus erythematosus, 29 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 6 with Sjögren's syndrome, 7 with other diseases, and 8 control subjects—were examined by electron microscopy. The frequency of tubular-reticular structures, previously called virus-like particles in glomerular endothelial cells in systemic lupus erythematosus, and of parallel tubular arrays was evaluated. The tubular-reticular structures were found in 13 of 22 patients with discoid lupus erythematosus, 10 of 29 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 1 of 6 with Sjögren's syndrome, in none of those with other disorders, and in no normal subjects. The parallel tubular arrays were found in most specimens in all categories. Circulating antibodies to reovirus RNA were also evaluated, and measureable levels were found in 50% of patients with discoid lupus erythematosus and 66% of those with systemic lupus erythematosus. There was no discernible relation between the presence of reovirus RNA antibodies and the frequency of tubular-reticular structures.
Serum Pepsinogen I as a Predictor of Stomach Cancer
Authors: ABRAHAM M. Y. NOMURA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Among 7498 Japanese men who were examined from 1967 to 1970, 48 were subsequently diagnosed with stomach cancer and had premorbid stored sera available for serum pepsinogen I analysis. The median interval between serum collection and diagnosis of cancer was 44.5 months (range, 3 to 103 months). A low pepsinogen I level was found in 15 of the 48 patients with stomach cancer and in only six (6.3%) of 96 matched control subjects (p < 0.001). All 15 patients with low pepsinogen I levels belonged to the subgroup of 38 who had the intestinal-mixed-other histologic types of gastric cancer. This finding indicates that a low serum pepsinogen I level is a subclinical marker of increased risk for these histologic types of gastric cancer.
P67 Outcomes from surgical management of pleural infection: 12-year experience from a tertiary cardiothoracic centre
Authors: D. J. B. Marks, M. Fisk, C. Y. Koo, S. F. Lee, D. Lawrence, R. F. Miller, A. Zumla
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Thoracic empyema affects &gt;65 000 patients/year in the US and UK. Up to 50% require surgical drainage, and 15% die. We describe clinical features, microbiology, risk factors and surgical outcomes from referrals to a regional specialist cardiothoracic centre over 12 year. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were identified by searching the hospital Clinical Data Repository for a diagnosis of ‘pyothorax’ from 1999 to 2010. A retrospective observational study was conducted using case note and database review. <h3>Results</h3> 406 distinct empyemas were identified. Patients were predominantly male (n=301, 74.1%), with median age of 53 years (IQR=37–69). Pyothorax predominantly developed secondary to community-acquired pneumonia, although 51 (12.6%) were hospital-acquired; 70 (17.2%) were receiving steroids or immunosuppressants, 35 (8.6%) had concurrent malignancy, 33 (8.1%) were diabetic and 14 (3.4%) patients were HIV-infected. Empyemas were right-sided in 233 (57.3%, p=0.03); four were bilateral. A causative organism was identified in 229 (56.4%) patients. Positive cultures were obtained from sputum in 59 (14.5%), pleural fluid in 174 (42.9%) and blood in 61 (15.0%) patients. Organisms identified included <i>Streptococcus milleri</i> (n=18, 4.4%), <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (n=39, 9.6%), other streptococci (n=10, 2.5%), <i>Enterobacteraciae</i> (n=12, 3.0%), anaerobes (n=32, 7.9%), methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (n=36, 8.9%), methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (n=25, 6.2%), <i>Enterococcus</i> (n=14, 3.4%), <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (n=36, 8.9%), non-tuberculous mycobacteria (n=1, 0.2%), other bacteria (n=25, 6.2%), and fungi (n=9, 2.2%); 34 (8.4%) cultures were polymicrobial. 277 (68.2%) patients were managed by open thoracotomy. 116 (28.6%) underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), of whom 17 (14.7%) were converted to open. Three (0.7%) required a Clagett window; 10 (2.5%) were managed with tube thoracostomy alone. A significant trend towards increased use of VATS over time was noted (p=0.0002). All-cause complication rate was 20.7%, and 28-day mortality was 5.7%. Low preoperative haemoglobin was predictive of mortality (p=0.04), but admission and peak C-reactive protein were not. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this large series of empyemas from a tertiary referral centre, microbiological diagnosis was achieved in only half the patients. The identification of tuberculosis in 36 cases means routine screening for mycobacteria is necessary. Use of VATS has increased significantly, and mortality was lower than previously reported and associated with preoperative anaemia.
The Different Narcissistic Disturbances of Personality and Their Psychotherapeutic Approach
Authors: Raymond Battegay
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

Narcissism is defined as the self-representation which gives to the instances ego, id and superego as well as to the body the narcissistic cathexis which makes the individual feel an entity and continuity. Three kinds of narcissistic disorders are differentiated concerning their psychodynamics: (1) Narcissistic personality disorders (narcissistic neuroses) with an ego basically able to function well, but a lack in the self; (2) borderline conditions with a more or less severe ego pathology and the consecutive difficulty of the concerned individual to build up a consistent self; (3) major depressions with a more or less pronounced emptiness or evacuation in the realm of narcisssism. The psychotherapy of these three disorders is explained. The psychotherapy of narcissistic personality disorders (narcissistic neuroses) consists in a slightly modified psychoanalytic approach. The psychotherapy of borderline patients is described as an analytically oriented expressive one. The psychotherapy of major depressions consists in the depressive phases mainly of an empathic approach. In the intervals not only the almighty superego, but also the huge oral and narcissistic expectations as well as the defense mechanisms of the patients against them, as e.g. the lifelong pattern of law and order, should be worked through.
Hemoglobin binding of aromatic amines: molecular dosimetry and quantitative structure-activity relationships for N-oxidation.
Authors: G Sabbioni
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Aromatic amines are important intermediates in industrial manufacturing. N-Oxidation to N-hydroxyarylamines is a key step in determining the genotoxic properties of aromatic amines. N-Hydroxyarylamines can form adducts with DNA, with tissue proteins, and with the blood proteins albumin and hemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner. The determination of hemoglobin adducts is a useful tool for biomonitoring exposed populations. We have established the hemoglobin binding index (HBI) [(mmole compound/mole hemoglobin)/(mmole compound/kg body weight)] of several aromatic amines in female Wistar rats. Including the values from other researchers obtained in the same rat strain, the logarithm of hemoglobin binding (logHBI) was plotted against the following parameters: the sum of the Hammett constants(sigma sigma = sigma p + sigma m), pKa, logP (octanol/water), the half-wave oxidation potential (E1/2), and the electronic descriptors of the amines and their corresponding nitrenium ions obtained by semi-empirical calculations (MNDO, AMI, and PM3), such as atomic charge densities, energies of the highest occupied molecular orbit and lowest occupied molecular orbit and their coefficients, the bond order of C-N, the dipole moments, and the reaction enthalpy [MNDOHF, AM1HF or PM3HF = Hf(nitrenium) - Hf(amine)]. The correlation coefficients were determined from the plots of all parameters against log HBI for all amines by means of linear regression analysis. The amines were classified in three groups: group 1, all parasubstituted amines (maximum, n = 9); group 2, all amines with halogens (maximun, n = 11); and group 3, all amines with alkyl groups (maximum, n = 13).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE PIRQUET SYSTEM OF NUTRITION
Authors: C. D. Spivak
Journal: JAMA (1920)

(From a Special Correspondent) Vienna, July 1, 1920. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is probably not known in the United States that the name von Pirquet, famous for the discovery of the reaction following inoculation with tuberculin toxins— tuberculin test—is now better known in Austria because of Pirquet's system of nutrition. This system is described in a three volume work entitled "Pirquet's System der Ernährung," and also in a smaller booklet by his chief assistant, Prof. B. Schick, entitled "Das Pirquetsche System der Ernährung," published in Berlin in 1919. This system is today widely discussed here. People are being fed according to this system—not only adults, but also rachitic children and nurslings. It is also used in soup kitchens which have been established under the American Relief Association, which prepare food daily for 288 dining rooms in which 165,000 children receive one meal daily. The unit of nutrition has heretofore been
Smoking and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in the Elderly
Authors: Cindy L. Jajich
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Data from a longitudinal study of 2,674 persons aged 65 to 74 years were analyzed to ascertain whether cigarette smoking retained its adverse effect on survival in an elderly population. Current cigarette smokers had a risk of coronary heart disease death 52% higher than nonsmokers, exsmokers, or pipe and cigar smokers. The excess risk of mortality declined within one to five years after smoking cessation. Even elderly smokers should be encouraged to quit. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:2831-2834)
Future of US children's health insurance still uncertain
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The US State Children's Health Insurance Program, subject of a fight between President George Bush and Congress, was extended to 16 November.

The programme was to expire on 30 September, the end of the government's fiscal year and the end of the programme, which began 10 years ago and needs renewal every five years.

Congress passed a “continuing resolution” to extend it and several other programmes.

The current programme, funded partly by the federal government (about 70%) and partly by the states (about 30%), covers more than six million children. The proposed expansion would cover another four million.

Last month Congress voted to renew and expand the …
Atrial fibrillation before or after incident MI was associated with increased risk for mortality
Authors: Munther K. Homoud
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club20 September 2011Atrial fibrillation before or after incident MI was associated with increased risk for mortalityMunther K. Homoud, MDMunther K. Homoud, MDTufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (M.K.H.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-6-201109200-02013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationJabre P, Jouven X, Adnet F, et al. Atrial fibrillation and death after myocardial infarction: a community study. Circulation. 2011;123:2094-100. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21536994Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Cardiology: References1 Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB, et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1998;98:946-52. [PMID: 9737513] Google Scholar2 Schmitt J, Duray G, Gersh BJ, Hohnloser SH. Atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review of the incidence, clinical features and prognostic implications. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:1038-45. [PMID: 19109347] Google Scholar3 Pedersen OD, Abildstrøm SZ, Ottesen MM, et al; TRACE Study Investigators. Increased risk of sudden and non-sudden cardiovascular death in patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter following acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:290-5. [PMID: 16267070] Google Scholar4 Lehto M, Snapinn S, Dickstein K, Swedberg K, Nieminen MS; OPTIMAAL investigators. Prognostic risk of atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction: the OPTIMAAL experience. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:350-6. [PMID: 15618041] Google Scholar5 Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, et al; European Heart Rhythm Association; European Association for Cario-Thoracic Surgery. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2010;31:2369-429. [PMID: 20802247] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (M.K.H.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 September 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoNew-onset atrial fibrillation was associated with increased risk for mortality in initially healthy, middle-aged women Munther K. Homoud Metrics 20 September 2011Volume 155, Issue 6Page: JC3-13KeywordsAtrial fibrillationHeart failureHypertensionMedical risk factorsMorbidityMyocardial infarctionStroke ePublished: 20 September 2011 Issue Published: 20 September 2011 CopyrightCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Species differences in pharmacokinetics and drug teratogenesis.
Authors: H Nau
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Interspecies differences in regard to the teratogenicity of drugs can be the result of differing pharmacokinetic processes that determine the crucial concentration-time relationships in the embryo. Maternal absorption, as well as distribution, of the drugs does not usually show great species differences. The first-pass effect after oral application is often more pronounced in animals than man (e.g., valproic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid), although in some cases the reverse was found (e.g., hydrolysis of valpromide). Existing differences can be adjusted by appropriate choice of the administration route and measurements of drug levels. Many variables determine the placental transfer of drugs: developmental stage, type of placenta, properties of the drug. Even closely related drugs (e.g., retinoids) may differ greatly in regard to placental transfer. Maternal protein binding is an important determinant of placental transfer, since only the free concentration in maternal plasma can equilibrate with the embryo during organogenesis; this parameter differs greatly across species (e.g., valproic acid: five times higher free fractions in mouse and hamster than in monkey and man). The metabolic pattern has not yet been demonstrated to be a major cause of species differences, although recent evidence on phenytoin and thalidomide support the hypothesis that some species differences can be the result of differing activation/deactivation pathways. Laboratory animals usually have a much higher rate of drug elimination than man. Drastic drug level fluctuations are therefore present during teratogenicity testing in animals, but not to the same degree in human therapy. It must, therefore, be investigated if peak concentrations (such as for valproic acid and possibly caffeine) or the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) (such as for cyclophosphamide and possibly retinoids) correlate with the teratogenic response. Only then is a rational and scientific basis for interspecies comparison possible. It is concluded that the prediction of the human response based on animal studies can be improved by consideration of the appropriate pharmacokinetic determinants.
Mechanisms of lumen narrowing of saphenous vein bypass grafts 12 months after implantation: an intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: Hideaki Kaneda, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Takefumi Takahashi, Stein Iversen, Thomas Felderhoff, Eberhard Grube, Paul G. Yock, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
FDA report: Ferumoxytol for intravenous iron therapy in adult patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Min Lu, Martin H. Cohen, Dwaine Rieves, Richard Pazdur
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

On June 30, 2009, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ferumoxytol (Feraheme injection, AMAG Pharmaceuticals), an iron-containing product for intravenous (IV) administration, for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The safety and efficacy of ferumoxytol were assessed in three randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trials. Two trials evaluated patients with nondialysis dependent CKD and a third trial assessed patients undergoing hemodialysis. Randomization was either to ferumoxytol or oral iron. Ferumoxytol was administered as two 510 mg IV injections, separated by 3-8 days. Oral iron, Ferro-Sequels, was administered at a dose of 100 mg twice daily for 21 days. In all three clinical trials, ferumoxytol administration increased the mean blood hemoglobin (Hgb) concentrations by approximately 1.0 g/dL over the 35 day period, a mean increase that was greater than what was observed in patients receiving oral iron. Patients receiving ferumoxytol also had increases in blood transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin values. For the proposed ferumoxytol dosing regimen, 4.9% of patients had serum ferritin >or=800 ng/mL and TSAT >or=50% post-treatment. The most important ferumoxytol safety concerns were hypersensitivity reactions and/or hypotension. Anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reactions were reported in 0.2% of subjects, and other adverse reactions potentially associated with hypersensitivity (e.g., pruritus, rash, urticaria, or wheezing) were reported in 3.7%. Hypotension was observed in 1.9%, including three patients with serious hypotensive reactions. Ferumoxytol administration may transiently affect the diagnostic ability of magnetic resonance imaging and the drug label provides further information regarding this effect.
A novel and inexpensive model for practicing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy techniques
Authors: L. Lujber, I. Gerlinger, G. Fábián, I. Szanyi, I. Telegdy, J. Pytel
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) [1] has gained a substantial role in nutritional therapy. As the number of PEG insertions is rapidly rising worldwide, PEG has become a frequent indication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy [2]. In order to keep the complication rates of both PEG and gastroscopy as low as possible, a structured training program involving practice in the procedures is mandatory [3] [4]. Sophisticated endoscopic simulators are available for practice, but their high cost limits their widespread use. An inexpensive, but realistic and easily produced mechanical model was developed by the authors to acquire and refine different endoscopic techniques and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertions ([Fig. 1] [2]). Various endoscopic maneuvers such as handling the endoscopic controls, steering the scope in different directions, retroflexion, insufflation, lavage, and suctioning can be practiced. After apposition of the ”stomach” to the ”abdominal wall”, most of the steps of PEG can be practiced realistically and repeatedly on the same model.
346 Tupaia hepatocytes but not nonparenchymal liver cells can extensively repopulate the livers of UPA/RAG-2 mice
Authors: M.R. Burda, K. Wursthorn, M. Dandri, E. Toeroek, J.M. Pollok, X. Rogiers, H. Greten, J. Koeck, F. von Weizsaecker, H.E. Blum, J. Petersen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)