tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma insulin and all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality: the 22-year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen Study.
Authors: M Pyörälä, H Miettinen, M Laakso, K Pyörälä
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of plasma insulin with all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 22-year mortality data from the Helsinki Policemen Study The study population comprised 970 men, 34-64 years of age, who were free of coronary heart disease, other cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Area under the insulin response curve (AUC insulin) during an oral glucose tolerance test was used to reflect plasma insulin levels. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 276 men died: 130 from cardiovascular and 146 from noncardiovascular causes. The hazard ratio (HR) for hyperinsulinemia (highest AUC insulin quintile vs. combined lower quintiles) with regard to all-cause mortality adjusting for age, was 1.94 (95% CI 1.20-3.13) during the first 10 years of the follow-up period and 1.51 (1.15-1.97) during the entire 22 years; adjusting for other risk factors, the HR was 1.88 (1.08-3.30) and 1.37 (1.00-1.87) during 10 and 22 years, respectively The corresponding HRs for cardiovascular mortality during 10 and 22 years were 2.67 (1.35-5.29) and 1.73 (1.19-2.53), respectively, for age-adjusted and 2.30 (1.03-5.12) and 1.39 (0.90-2.15), respectively, for multiple-adjusted HRs. A U-shaped association was observed between insulin and noncardiovascular mortality, multiple-adjusted HRs for lowest and highest versus middle AUC insulin quintiles were 1.85 (1.20-2.86) and 1.43 (0.91-2.24), respectively CONCLUSIONS: Hyperinsulinemia was associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Helsinki policemen independent of other risk factors, although these associations weakened with the lengthening of the follow-up period. The association of insulin with noncardiovascular mortality was U-shaped.
A Review of Nitrates in Drinking Water: Maternal Exposure and Adverse Reproductive and Developmental Outcomes
Authors: Deana M. Manassaram, Lorraine C. Backer, Deborah M. Moll
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

In this review we present an update on maternal exposure to nitrates in drinking water in relation to possible adverse reproductive and developmental effects, and also discuss nitrates in drinking water in the United States. The current standard for nitrates in drinking water is based on retrospective studies and approximates a level that protects infants from methemoglobinemia, but no safety factor is built into the standard. The current standard applies only to public water systems. Drinking water source was related to nitrate exposure (i.e., private systems water was more likely than community system water to have nitrate levels above the maximum contaminant limit). Animal studies have found adverse reproductive effects resulting from higher doses of nitrate or nitrite. The epidemiologic evidence of a direct exposure–response relationship between drinking water nitrate level and adverse reproductive effect is still not clear. However, some reports have suggested an association between exposure to nitrates in drinking water and spontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth restriction, and various birth defects. Uncertainties in epidemiologic studies include the lack of individual exposure assessment that would rule out confounding of the exposure with some other cause. Nitrates may be just one of the contaminants in drinking water contributing to adverse outcomes. We conclude that the current literature does not provide sufficient evidence of a causal relationship between exposure to nitrates in drinking water and adverse reproductive effects. Future studies incorporating individual exposure assessment about users of private wells—the population most at risk—should be considered.
Comparison of the Interobserver Reproducibility With Different Histologic Criteria Used in Celiac Disease
Authors: Gino Roberto Corazza, Vincenzo Villanacci, Claudia Zambelli, Massimo Milione, Ombretta Luinetti, Carla Vindigni, Caterina Chioda, Luca Albarello, Daniela Bartolini, Francesco Donato
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Thrombophlebitis and "Enavid."
Authors: I. S. Staddon
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Sir I should like to report a case of thrombophlebitis in a patient taking enavid.  A married womam aged 38 suffering from dysmenorrhoea and endometriosis started taking enavid 5 mg t.d.s. on May 24 1962.  On May 28 she developed phlebitis in a superficial vein on her left leg.  The drug was stopped and there was no further extension of thrombosis.  This patient had had phlebitis some years previously.(FULL TEXT)
Mapping of a locus for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (Byler disease) to 18q21-q22, the benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis region Carlton VEH, Knisely AS, Freimer NB. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4: 1049?1053
Authors: J WAGSTAFF
Journal: Hepatology (1995)
Is banding of the pulmonary trunk obsolete for infants with tricuspid atresia and double inlet ventricle with a discordant ventriculoarterial connection? Role of aortic arch obstruction and subaortic stenosis
Authors: Rodney C.G. Franklin, Ian D. Sullivan, Robert H. Anderson, Elliot A. Shinebourne, John E. Deanfield
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Deleterious tissue reaction to an alkylene bis(dilactoyl)-methacrylate bone adhesive in long-term follow up after screw augmentation in an ovine model
Authors: Lars Grossterlinden, Arne Janssen, Niels Schmitz, Matthias Priemel, Pia Pogoda, Michael Amling, Johannes M. Rueger, Wolfgang Linhart
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Abstract 2496: Identification and functional characterization of a novel oxidatively modified protein in the cardiac tissue after doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
Authors: Baikuntha P. Aryal, Jinsook Jeong, V. Ashutosh Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anthracycline drug that is effectively used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of a variety of cancers. Its dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, however, has limited its chemoprotective properties in clinical practice. One of the primary mechanisms of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity is the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by an iron-catalyzed reaction. We hypothesized that the consequent protein oxidation under oxidative stress can be monitored and correlated with cellular outcome of survival or death. First, to understand how Dox-induced oxidative stress is related to the cardiotoxicity, we identified specific cardiac proteins that are oxidatively modified under Dox-induced oxidative stress in a spontaneously hypertensive rat model of acute toxicity. Next we characterized the type(s) of modifications and the amino acid residues within the protein that undergo modification under oxidative stress. Finally, we investigated the functional consequences of such oxidative modifications. Based on our findings, we focused on protein carbonylation as an indicator of severe oxidative damage. We detected a highly carbonylated protein in the cardiac tissue after Dox-treatment. The Dox-induced carbonylated protein was identified as a cardiac myosin binding protein C (MyBPC) using mass spectrometry. To determine the carbonylated sites and effect of such modification in the protein structure and function, we expressed MyBPC in E. coli and purified recombinant MyBPC. Consistent with the in vivo results, recombinant MyBPC showed an increase in carbonylation under excessive oxidative conditions. The degree of carbonylation was time- and concentration-dependent. Excessive carbonylation was associated with the degradation of MyBPC. Identification of carbonylated sites and the effect of such carbonylation in the protein functions will help to better understand the Dox-induced cardiac toxicity. Our findings also indicate the potential for an oxidative biomarker for monitoring the Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Citation Format: Baikuntha P. Aryal, Jinsook Jeong, V. Ashutosh Rao. Identification and functional characterization of a novel oxidatively modified protein in the cardiac tissue after doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2496. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2496
THE EFFICACY OF THE ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR NEPRILYSIN INHIBITOR, LCZ696, IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION IS INDEPENDENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE LOWERING
Authors: Pardeep Jhund, Brian Claggett, Milton Packer, Michael Zile, Adriaan Voors, Burkert Pieske, Martin Lefkowitz, Victor Shi, Toni Bransford, John McMurray, Scott Solomon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Leslie T. Webster, George L. Fite
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

1. The infectious agent from fatal cases of St. Louis and Kansas City encephalitis passes Seitz pads in high dilution without appreciable loss of infectivity and traverses collodion membranes with an average pore size of 66 mmicro or greater. 2. It is highly infectious for mice by the intracerebral and intranasal routes, but practically innocuous by the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes. 3. Certain strains of mice are more susceptible than others. 4. The agent administered to mice intranasally causes tremors and convulsions after a 6 to 7 day incubation period, followed by prostration and death in 8 to 10 days. Lesions are demonstrable in the olfactory bulbs 3 days after infection, in the piriform lobe after 4 days, and in Ammon's horn after 5 days. 5. In Macacus rhesus monkeys, the agent provokes a mild, non-fatal reaction and the development of specific neutralizing bodies. On passage in monkeys, the virus becomes progressively weaker. 6. In rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and sheep the agent is apparently without effect. 7. All available strains of the agent proved alike in effects in animals and in immunological response. 8. The available data enable one to conclude that the agent is a filtrable virus differing from those studied heretofore.
Inhibitin: a specific inhibitor of sodium/sodium exchange in erythrocytes.
Authors: K Morgan, R C Brown, G Spurlock, K Southgate, M A Mir
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

An inhibitor of ouabain-insensitive sodium/sodium exchange in erythrocytes has been isolated from leukemic promyelocytes. To explore the specific effects of this inhibitor, named inhibitin, sodium transport experiments were carried out in human erythrocytes. Inhibitin reduced ouabain-insensitive bidirectional sodium transport. It did not change net sodium fluxes, had no significant effect on rubidium influx, and did not inhibit sodium-potassium-ATPase activity. The inhibitory effect of inhibitin was studied on sodium/sodium exchange and on sodium/lithium countertransport in 140 mM sodium and in sodium-free media. In the presence of sodium, inhibitin reduced sodium and lithium efflux to that observed in sodium-free medium. Inhibitin showed no reduction in sodium or lithium efflux when sodium was replaced by choline chloride or Mg2+. When inhibitin was combined with one or more of the other transport inhibitors (i.e., ouabain, furosemide, or bumetanide and amiloride), its inhibitable component remained distinct and it did not overlap with that of the other inhibitors. These studies show that inhibitin is a specific inhibitor of carrier-mediated sodium/sodium exchange and sodium/lithium countertransport processes in human erythrocytes.
Common Bile Duct after Cholecystectomy
Authors: L. P. Le quesne, C. G. Whiteside, B. H. Hand
Journal: BMJ (1959)

MEDICAL JOURNL smoking to cause symptoms.One approach to the problem of tobacco addiction might be to try to persuade cigarette smokers to change to a pipe.Apart from other considerations, those persuaded would probably smoke less.I thank my colleagues at the Pneumoconiosis Research Unit for their advice and criticism, particularly Mr. P. D. Oldham for much statistical assistance and Dr.
Suicide and Affective Disorder Among the Old Order Amish
Authors: Frank V. deGruy
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I appreciate the article by Egeland and Sussex<sup>1</sup>on suicide and affective disorders among the Old Order Amish; their findings certainly influence how we think about the clustering and transmission of these entities. The pedigrees they show us contain an interesting pattern: three instances of marriage between affected families. (1) In pedigree 265, generation III shows a union between members of two families in which suicide has occurred. (2) One of their daughters (generation IV) married a man who subsequently died, probably by suicide. (3) Pedigree 214 is especially interesting, in that at generation III an apparently normal woman whose brother committed suicide married a man from a suicide-prone family. Note especially that two of these three unions between affected families resulted in an offspring who committed suicide. Whatever influence family environment and direct genetic transmission may have in the tendency to suicide, it would seem that
APHASIA WITH LETTER-BLINDNESS, WITHOUT WORD-BLINDNESS; WITH RIGHT HEMIPLEGIA AND PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: GUY HINSDALE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

may have a purulent conjunctivitis and if the pus is drained through the nose there may be no dacryocystitis, but let there be some occlusion and inflammation at once takes place, and so here the pus is retained if there is occlusion, and then we get the typical symptoms of mastoidi.tis.In regard to the occur- rence of mastoiditis.in the negro, Dr. Calhoun's cases must be very mild, for I have seen many cases in the negro and I do not think there is any differentiation to be made as, to the negro race.There is no doubt that not every ease of mastoiditis needs operation, but how we can determine how many need it and how many do not is very difficult to answer.While the
Immune cell-derived beta-endorphin. Production, release, and control of inflammatory pain in rats.
Authors: P J Cabot, L Carter, C Gaiddon, Q Zhang, M Schäfer, J P Loeffler, C Stein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Localized inflammation of a rat's hindpaw elicits an accumulation of beta-endorphin-(END) containing immune cells. We investigated the production, release, and antinociceptive effects of lymphocyte-derived END in relation to cell trafficking. In normal animals, END and proopiomelanocortin mRNA were less abundant in circulating lymphocytes than in those residing in lymph nodes (LN), suggesting that a finite cell population produces END and homes to LN. Inflammation increased proopiomelanocortin mRNA in cells from noninflamed and inflamed LN. However, END content was increased only in inflamed paw tissue and noninflamed LN-immune cells. Accordingly, corticotropin-releasing factor and IL-1beta released significantly more END from noninflamed than from inflamed LN-immune cells. This secretion was receptor specific, calcium dependent, and mimicked by potassium, consistent with vesicular release. Finally, both agents, injected into the inflamed paw, induced analgesia which was blocked by the co-administration of antiserum against END. Together, these findings suggest that END-producing lymphocytes home to inflamed tissue where they secrete END to reduce pain. Afterwards they migrate to the regional LN, depleted of the peptide. Consistent with this notion, immunofluorescence studies of cell suspensions revealed that END is contained predominantly within memory-type T cells. Thus, the immune system is important for the control of inflammatory pain. This has implications for the understanding of pain in immunosuppressed conditions like cancer or AIDS.
Risk Factors and Mode of Death in Isolated Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Children
Authors: Jamie A. Decker, Joseph W. Rossano, E. O'Brian Smith, Bryan Cannon, Sarah K. Clunie, Corey Gates, John L. Jefferies, Jeffrey J. Kim, Jack F. Price, William J. Dreyer, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Susan W. Denfield
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
An Error Corrected, a Conclusion Withdrawn, and a Lesson Learned
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

In this issue is a letter from Pintor and colleagues1 that corrects the conclusions of a paper they published in the Journal nearly two years ago.2 In the earlier paper the authors reported what appeared to be a unique case of Laron dwarfism. The patient had elevated plasma levels of growth hormone combined with an abnormality in protein binding of growth hormone, which is characteristic of this type of dwarfism, but he also had a normal plasma level of insulin-like growth factor I (somatomedin C), which is not. Patients with Laron dwarfism have uniformly had low somatomedin C levels. On . . .
An Address ENTITLED ARE THE PROBLEMS OF CANCER INSOLUBLE?: Delivered before the Brighton and Sussex Medico-Chirurgical Society, December 7th, 1905
Authors: E. F. Bashford
Journal: BMJ (1905)

CANCER.[m"% oA '1507 realizes the capabilities for better or for worse of the surgical treatment of ulcers by the charcoal poultice; only the poultice is kept on, not for so many hours, but continuously for two, three, or four weeks, and is kept constantly refreshed.This reminds us that, half a century ago, G. M. Jones,24 of Jersey, used with much success for sloughing sores and wounds a rather thin paste of vegetable charcoal and fresh yeast.Whatever the therapeutic value of this bowel treatment may be, there is no doubt as to the fact that local treatment is being applied, and that the main object in view, which was to save the diseased intestinal surface from coarse mechanical irritations and from the septic contact of faeces, is in large measure secured.It is perhaps not too much to hope that any pre-existing gangrenous process may be benefited, that any tbreatenings of gangrene may be dis- couraged, and that any fluids undergoing absorption from the lower bowel may have been largely deprived of their toxic properties.Very few words will.suffice to Indicate some of the collateral
Acute Actions of Sulfonylurea Drugs During Long-Term Treatment of NIDDM
Authors: Ole K Faber, H Beck-Nielsen, C Binder, P Butzer, EM Damsgaard, F Froland, E Hjollund, HO Lindskov, A Melander, O Pedersen, P Petersen, N Schwarts Sorensen, E Wåhlin-Boll
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

The acute effect of sulfonylurea drugs during long-term treatment was evaluated in two separate studies. In the first study, the levels of plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were measured after intake of 10 mg glyburide alone or together with a standardized mixed meal in 10 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients treated with 10–20 mg glyburide/day for &amp;gt;2 yr. There was no acute effect of glyburide on the insulin and C-peptide responses to the meal or during continued fasting, indicating the absence of an acute insulinotropic action of glyburide during chronic treatment. The glucose increase after the meal was also unchanged, but a significant glucose reduction was found after glyburide intake during continued fasting, suggesting a sustained acute extrapancreatic (hepatic) effect. In the second study, the diurnal glycemic excursions in 8 NIDDM patients chronically and continuously (24 h/day) exposed to glipizide (2.5–7.5 mg 3 times/day) were similar when the drug was taken 30 min before each of the three main meals and when taken immediately before the meals. It is concluded that there is no acute insulinotropic action of sulfonylurea drugs during chronic continuous exposure, whereas an acute extrapancreatic action may prevail. During such exposure, there seems to be no clinical benefit in taking a sulfonylurea 30 min before rather than at the start of a meal.
Muscle contractures associated with glucocorticoid deficiency.
Authors: R L Blandford, A K Samanta, A C Burden, F D Rosenthal
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Potassium in foods Moderate to high (mmol per usual serving):Potatoes (17), pulses ( 9-22), instant coffee (10 ), dried fruits (5-24), treacle (9), fresh meat and fish (8-10), All Bran(8), tomatoes (freshfruit (2-10 ), beer (3-8), cows'milk (5), oatmeal (5), orange juice (4), nuts (2-6L) wines (2-4), vegetables (1-7), Low (1 -3 mmol per usual serving)Rice, chocolate, human milk, egg, biscuits, bread, cheese, flour, cornf lakes.Very low or absent: Sugar, jam, honey, butter,margarine,cream, oils, spirits.Potassium is the major intracellular cation; the more concentrated the cells in a food, the higher the potassium concentration.The Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food calculated that root vegetables provide a quarter and milk almost another quarter of normal British peoples intake, with fruit and other vegetables each providing 10% or less Magnesium is distributed in foods somewhat similarly to potassium.Bran, wholegrain cereals and legumes are the richest sources.Most vegetables contain similar moderate amounts to meat.Green colour (chlorophyll ) makes little difference.
Ophthalmoscope Loaned by Dr. Derby.
Authors: Harry Friedenwald
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Baltimore, June 14, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —My attention has been called to an error in my address on the "History of the Ophthalmoscope," published in the issue of March 1, 1902. On page 551, the loan of Ruete's ophthalmoscope is incorrectly ascribed to Dr. Jeffries. Dr. Hasket Derby of Boston loaned this rare instrument and a number of others, and has since then given them to the Museum of the Surgeon General in Washington. Yours,
IRREVERSIBLE HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN GERMFREE RATS
Authors: B. W. Zweifach, H. A. Gordon, M. Wagner, J. A. Reyniers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Evidence has been provided that a state of irreversible hemorrhagic shock can be induced in a bacteria-free environment in rats reared under germfree conditions. The response to bleeding, the duration of the hypotensive episode and the pathological changes were the same in the germfree and in normal stock rats. The findings are interpreted as evidence opposed to the concept that bacteria or bacterial products are implicated, as primary factors, in the pathogenicity of shock.
Runner's Anemia
Authors: Chi V. Dang
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Macrocytic anemia occurring in patients with fatigue suggests numerous diagnoses, ranging from nutritional deficiencies to a myelodysplastic syndrome. A careful history-taking is critically important for recognition of runner's anemia, which is due to plasma volume expansion, with hemolysis from the pounding of feet on pavement, and hemoglobinuria. Gastrointestinal blood loss may also contribute to anemia in long-distance runners. Early recognition of runner's anemia in patients with a complex presentation of anemia is important in circumventing many diagnostic tests. Runner's anemia should be considered when, amidst a constellation of signs and symptoms, mild anemia is well tolerated by an avid runner.