tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correction of enhanced Na(+)-H+ exchange of rat small intestinal brush-border membranes in streptozotocin-induced diabetes by insulin or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
Authors: P K Dudeja, R K Wali, A Klitzke, M D Sitrin, T A Brasitus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Diabetes was induced in rats by administration of a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body wt). After 7 d, diabetic rats were further treated with insulin or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] for an additional 5-7 d. Control, diabetic, diabetic + insulin, and diabetic + 1,25(OH)2D3 rats were then killed, their proximal small intestines were removed, and villus-tip epithelial cells were isolated and used to prepare brush-border membrane vesicles. Preparations from each of these groups were then analyzed and compared with respect to their amiloride-sensitive, electroneutral Na(+)-H+ exchange activity, using 22Na uptake as well as acridine orange techniques. The results of these experiments demonstrated that (a) H+ gradient-dependent 22Na uptake as well as Na+ gradient-dependent transmembrane H+ fluxes were significantly increased in diabetic vesicles compared to their control counterparts, (b) kinetic studies demonstrated that this enhanced 22Na uptake in diabetes was a result of increased maximal velocity (Vmax) of this exchanger with no change in apparent affinity (Km) for Na+, (c) serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 were significantly lower in diabetic animals compared with their control counterparts; and (d) insulin or 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment restored the Vmax alterations to control values, without any significant changes in Km, concomitant with significantly increasing the serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 in diabetic animals. These results indicate that Na(+)-H+ activity is significantly increased in proximal small intestinal luminal membranes of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, alterations in the serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 may, at least in part, explain this enhanced antiporter activity and its correction by insulin.
Expression of p16Ink4a Compensates for <i>p18Ink4c</i> Loss in Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6–Dependent Tumors and Tissues
Authors: Matthew R. Ramsey, Janakiraman Krishnamurthy, Xin-Hai Pei, Chad Torrice, Weili Lin, Daniel R. Carrasco, Keith L. Ligon, Yue Xiong, Norman E. Sharpless
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Cell cycle progression from G(1) to S phase depends on phosphorylation of pRb by complexes containing a cyclin (D type or E type) and cyclin-dependent kinase (e.g., cdk2, cdk4, or cdk6). Ink4 proteins function to oppose the action of cdk4/6-cyclin D complexes by inhibiting cdk4/6. We employed genetic and pharmacologic approaches to study the interplay among Ink4 proteins and cdk4/6 activity in vivo. Mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) lacking p16(Ink4a) and p18(Ink4c) showed similar growth kinetics as wild-type MEFs despite increased cdk4 activity. In vivo, germline deficiency of p16(Ink4a) and p18(Ink4c) resulted in increased proliferation in the intermediate pituitary and pancreatic islets of adult mice, and survival of p16(Ink4a-/-);p18(Ink4c-/-) mice was significantly reduced due to aggressive pituitary tumors. Compensation among the Ink4 proteins was observed both in vivo in p18(Ink4c-/-) mice and in MEFs from p16(Ink4a-/-), p18(Ink4c-/-), or p16(Ink4a-/-);p18(Ink4c-/-) mice. Treatment with PD 0332991, a specific cdk4/6 kinase inhibitor, abrogated proliferation in those compartments where Ink4 deficiency was associated with enhanced proliferation (i.e., islets, pituitary, and B lymphocytes) but had no effect on proliferation in other tissues such as the small bowel. These data suggest that p16(Ink4a) and p18(Ink4c) coordinately regulate the in vivo catalytic activity of cdk4/6 in specific compartments of adult mice.
FDA Eases Restrictions on the Glucose-Lowering Drug Rosiglitazone
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Book Review Marihuana and Medicine Edited by Gabriel G. Nahas, Kenneth M. Sutin, David J. Harvey, and Stig Agurell, with Nicholas Pace and Robert Cancro. 826 pp., illustrated. Totowa, N.J., Humana Press, 1999. $125. 0-89603-593-X
Authors: John A. Benson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)
Specific Regression of Human Cancer Cells by Ribozyme-Mediated Targeted Replacement of Tumor-Specific Transcript
Authors: Byung-Su Kwon, Heung-Su Jung, Min-Sun Song, Kyung Sook Cho, Sung-Chun Kim, Kuchan Kimm, Jin Sook Jeong, In-Hoo Kim, Seong-Wook Lee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

In this study, we describe a novel approach to human cancer therapy that is based upon trans-splicing ribozyme-mediated replacement of cancer-specific RNAs with new transcripts that exert therapeutic activities. We have developed a specific ribozyme that can reprogram human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) RNA to induce transgene activity selectively in cancer cells that express the RNA. The ribozyme-mediated triggering of the transgene expression was accomplished via a high-fidelity trans-splicing reaction with the targeted residue in the hTERT-expressing cells. The ribozyme also induced cytotoxic activity in various hTERT-expressing cancer cells, hence selectively retarding the growth of those cells. Efficient and specific cell regression was also detected with ganciclovir (GCV) treatment only in hTERT-positive cancer cells, which were established to express stably the specific ribozyme that contains the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene. Tissue-specific expression of the ribozyme could further augment the target specificity of the ribozyme. Importantly, we observed efficient regression of tumors with GCV treatment in mice that had been inoculated subcutaneously with hTERT-positive cancer cells that stably expressed the specific ribozyme that contains HSV-tk. These results suggest that the hTERT RNA-targeting trans-splicing ribozyme could be a powerful agent for tumor-targeted specific gene therapy.
HPA reports 10 deaths in UK from H1N1 flu in past six weeks
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Ten people have died as a result of H1N1 (2009) influenza—the virus previously known as swine flu—in the United Kingdom over the past six weeks, in addition to two deaths from influenza B, show the latest figures from the Health Protection Agency.

All who died were adults aged younger than 65 years. Most had underlying health conditions, although a few were healthy, said John Watson, head of the agency’s respiratory diseases department. No pregnant women were among those who died; this group showed an excess number of deaths in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.

In the five fatal cases for which vaccination information was available, none of the people had received the 2010-11 seasonal flu vaccine or the 2009 monovalent pandemic flu vaccine.

“Over the last few weeks we have seen a rise in the number of cases of seasonal flu, including both …
Hospital Spending and Inpatient Mortality: Evidence From California
Authors: John A. Romley, Anupam B. Jena, Dana P. Goldman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Evidence shows that high Medicare spending is not associated with better health outcomes at a regional level and that high spending in hospitals is not associated with better process quality. The relationship between hospital spending and inpatient mortality is less well understood. Objective: To determine the association between hospital spending and risk-adjusted inpatient mortality. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Database of discharge records from 1999 to 2008 for 208 California hospitals included in The Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care. Patients: 2 545 352 patients hospitalized during 1999 to 2008 with 1 of 6 major medical conditions. Measurements: Inpatient mortality rates among patients admitted to hospitals with varying levels of end-of-life hospital spending. Results: For each of 6 diagnoses at admission—acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, acute stroke, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hip fracture, and pneumonia—patient admission to higher-spending hospitals was associated with lower risk-adjusted inpatient mortality. During 1999 to 2003, for example, patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction to California hospitals in the highest quintile of hospital spending had lower inpatient mortality than did those admitted to hospitals in the lowest quintile (odds ratio, 0.862 [95% CI, 0.742 to 0.983]). Predicted inpatient deaths would increase by 1831 if all patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction were cared for in hospitals in the lowest quintile of spending rather than the highest. The association between hospital spending and inpatient mortality did not vary by region or hospital size. Limitation: Unobserved predictors of mortality create uncertainty about whether greater inpatient hospital spending leads to lower inpatient mortality. Conclusion: Hospitals that spend more have lower inpatient mortality for 6 common medical conditions. Primary Funding Source: National Institute on Aging and RAND Health Bing Center for Health Economics.
Ethics and effectiveness: rationing healthcare by thresholds of minimum effectiveness
Authors: A. M. Buyx, D. R. Friedrich, B. Schone-Seifert
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Alena Buyx</b>, <b>Daniel Friedrich</b>, and <b>Bettina Schöne-Seifert</b> argue that basing rationing decisions on clinical effectiveness rather than cost effectiveness would be fairer and could make it more acceptable
Visual brain and visual perception: how does the cortex do perceptual grouping?
Authors: Stephen Grossberg, Ennio Mingolla, William D Ross
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (1997)

How the brain generates visual percepts is a central problem in neuroscience. We propose a detailed neural model of how lateral geniculate nuclei and the interblob cortical stream through V1 and V2 generate context-sensitive perceptual groupings from visual inputs. The model suggests a functional role for cortical layers, columns, maps and networks, and proposes homologous circuits for V1 and V2 with larger-scale processing in V2. An integrated treatment of interlaminar, horizontal, orientational and endstopping cortical interactions and a role for corticogeniculate feedback in grouping are proposed. Modeled circuits simulate parametric psychophysical data about boundary grouping and illusory contour formation.
Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Samuel Cataland, Thomas M. O'Dorisio
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Twelve type I diabetic patients with established diabetic nephropathy were treated for 12 months with the insulin pump to determine whether glucoregulation would influence the clinical course of proteinuria. All of the subjects were known to have arterial hypertension and were receiving antihypertension medication. Despite good glucose control, as assessed by total glycosylated hemoglobin level, two clinical courses were observed: six patients demonstrated a progression in proteinuria and six appeared to experience a reduction in proteinuria. The group demonstrating a progession had significantly higher mean arterial pressure at six and 12 months of study compared with the group with a reduction in proteinuria. These results suggest that arterial hypertension is an important risk factor in the progression of diabetes nephropathy. Further studies should be designed to recognize early proteinuria and hypertension to determine whether mean normal glucose values and BP over a prolonged period will prevent renal failure. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2059-2061)
PSYCHONEUROSES, COMBAT-ANXIETY TYPE
Authors: ROBERT B. MCELROY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

1. Psychoneurosis, combat-anxiety state, is a major problem in a theatre of operations. 2. Certain factors, common to all types of psychoneuroses, incurred in a theatre of operations and evacuated to the communication zone, have been correlated. 3. The severe combat-anxiety syndrome (cases evacuated from a theatre of operations to a fixed hospital in the zone of communication) was described. 4. Therapy used in a fixed hospital, in the communication zone, was described.
Rap1 Couples cAMP Signaling to a Distinct Pool of p42/44MAPK Regulating Excitability, Synaptic Plasticity, Learning, and Memory
Authors: Alexei Morozov, Isabel A Muzzio, Rusiko Bourtchouladze, Niels Van-Strien, Kyle Lapidus, DeQi Yin, Danny G Winder, J.Paige Adams, J.David Sweatt, Eric R Kandel
Journal: Neuron (2003)
Diagnosing Influenza—Reply
Authors: M. Anita Barry
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Scintigraphic Images of Breast Cancer With Tc-99m Cysteine
Authors: Yamile Pe??a Quian, Marco A. Coca Perez, Alejandro Perera Pintado, Juan F. Batista
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Cysteine is a nonessential amino acid and has been shown to increase levels of the antioxidant glutathione. When a cancer process begins, the tumor cells show an abnormal increment in their metabolism and mitosis. This requires additional amounts of amino acids to produce the different proteins necessary to maintain cell functions. Because the applications of metabolic imaging are expanding, radiolabeled amino acids may gain increased clinical interest. Several authors have been reporting the use of amino acids and their derivatives for the detection of tumors cells. An example is I-123 methyl tyrosine. On the other hand, the easily performed procedure of labeling cysteine with Tc-99m provides a possibility to use radiolabeled cysteine as a radiopharmaceutical for breast cancer diagnosis. The authors present 2 cases—a 45-year-old woman with an infiltrating ductal carcinoma and axillary nodule. The breast tumor and the axillary nodule were visualized with scintimammography with Tc-99m cysteine. The other case is a 40-year-old woman with infiltrating lobular carcinoma who had scintimammography with Tc-99m cysteine showing focal uptake in the lateral right view.
Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy: Description of an Evolved Approach to Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Justin W. Collins, Stavros Tyritzis, Tommy Nyberg, Martin Schumacher, Oscar Laurin, Dinyar Khazaeli, Christofer Adding, Martin N. Jonsson, Abolfazl Hosseini, N. Peter Wiklund
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Guidelines You Can Follow and Can Trust
Authors: Clement J. McDonald
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Guidelines are popular these days. They are mentioned in journal articles, 1-3 editorials, 4 insurance company contracts, and federal legislation. The Institute of Medicine has dedicated two reports to the subject. 5,6   Unfortunately, the word guideline covers a broad spectrum of intellectual products. Some are hard to follow. They use weasel words instead of numeric thresholds or explicit criteria at their decision points and do not really tell you what to do. We say these are not decidable . Drug package inserts are notorious: Serum electrolytes (particularly potassium), CO 2 , creatinine and BUN should be determined frequently during the first few months of Lasix therapy and periodically thereafter. 7 Guidelines for isoniazid prophylaxis, in contrast, are explicit and easy to follow. 8   Some are simple, describing the indications for a single action and requiring access to only a few variables for their execution. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines
Reducing the incidence of peptic ulcers with ibuprofen-famotidine combined pill, HZT-501 (reduce): phase-III, double-blind multi-centre trials
Authors: A. S. Taha, L. A. Laine, A. Grahn
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The prevention of peptic ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is hampered by the high pill burden and suboptimal adherence to protective therapy. We therefore investigated the efficacy of HZT-501 (ibuprofen 800-mg plus famotidine-26.6 mg) in the prevention of peptic ulcers in patients requiring NSAIDs. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients without ulcers at baseline were randomly assigned, in approximately a 2:1 ratio, to receive HZT-501 or ibuprofen 800-mg three times daily and entered into two multi-centre trials (REDUCE-1 and REDUCE-2) with identical designs. They were re-endoscoped at 8, 16 and 24 weeks. The primary endpoints were the development of new ulcers during 24 weeks. The data from the two trials were pooled and analysed using a primary population analysis. <h3>Results</h3> At 24 weeks, comparing patients assigned to HZT-501 with patients assigned to ibuprofen, gastric ulcers had developed in 92 (9.9%) of 930 patients compared with 86 (19.0%) of 452 patients (p &lt; 0.0001); duodenal ulcers in 10 (1.1%) patients compared with 23 (5.1%; p &lt; 0.0001); and at least one gastric or duodenal ulcer in 102 (11.0%) patients compared with 99 (21.9%; p &lt; 0.0001). The cumulative incidence of gastro-duodenal ulcers was also lower in the HZT-501 group, as shown in figure 1. Also, fewer patients developed ulcers while taking low-dose aspirin or other anti-thrombotic agents with HZT-501 than those taking such agents with ibuprofen. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Ibuprofen combined with famotidine (HZT-501) results in fewer peptic ulcers regardless of aspirin use. This might improve adherence to mucosal protective therapy in NSAID users.
Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia for Labor and Delivery
Authors: Holger K. Eltzschig, Ellice S. Lieberman, William R. Camann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The maternal and fetal effects of analgesia during labor and delivery are issues of concern to patients, anesthesiologists, and obstetrical caregivers. Roughly 60 percent of women in the United States choose epidural or combined spinal–epidural anesthesia during labor. This Medical Progress article reviews current considerations, risks, and benefits of regional analgesia and anesthesia during both vaginal and cesarean deliveries.
960 SUPPRESSION OF IN VITRO RESISTANCE DEVELOPMENT AFTER TREATMENT OF THE HCV REPLICON WITH NS3/4A INHIBITOR ITMN-191 (R7227) IN COMBINATION WITH NUCLEOSIDE INHIBITOR R7128 OR R1626
Authors: M. McCown, S. Rajyaguru, S. Kular, N. Cammack, I. Najera
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
NICE urged to recommend anastrozole for breast cancer prevention
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The aromatase inhibitor anastrozole reduces the incidence of breast cancer in high risk postmenopausal women, a large international study has shown.1 Because the drug has fewer side effects than tamoxifen, the researchers have called on the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to recommend it for prevention in women at high risk of breast cancer.

The International Breast Cancer Intervention Study II (IBIS-II) trial recruited almost 4000 postmenopausal women with an increased risk of cancer, such as women who had a mother or sister who developed …
The International Registry Infrastructure for Cardiovascular Device Evaluation and Surveillance
Authors: Art Sedrakyan, Danica Marinac-Dabic, David R. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Regional Enteritis of the Colon
Authors: William A. Hawk
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Of approximately 1,500 cases of primary ulcerative disease of the colon seen at the Cleveland Clinic since 1950, about half may be classified as regional enteritis of the colon. Grossly, the disorder is characterized by serpiginous or longitudinal furrow ulcers or both, segmentally or diffusely arranged with areas of normal-appearing mucosa separating the ulcers. Microscopically, the inflammation is transmural. Noncaseating, sarcoid granulomas may be found but are absent in one third of the cases. Deep fissures, which may extend through the bowel wall, may be observed in 25% to 30% of cases and appear to be the basis for fistula formation. Post-colectomy ileitis occurs far more commonly in patients with regional enteritis of the colon than in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis; the incidence is about equal in patients with or without ileitis at the time of first colectomy. No increased risk of the development of carcinoma was noted.
Transmission Image Aids in Diagnosis of Hiatus Hernia During Gastric Emptying Study
Authors: MARK TULCHINSKY, DOUGLAS F. EGGLI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A patient with dysphagia showed an unusual position and shape of the stomach during a gastric emptying study. A transmission image that was obtained by placing a flat Co-57 source behind the patient permitted unequivocal diagnosis of a hiatus hernia with marked food retention, which was later confirmed by other imaging modalities. This index case provides strong support for the use of transmission imaging for anatomic definition in unusual patterns observed on gastrointestinal scintigraphy.