tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of salmeterol on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of respiratory mucosa.
Authors: R B Dowling, C F Rayner, A Rutman, A D Jackson, K Kanthakumar, A Dewar, G W Taylor, P J Cole, M Johnson, R Wilson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We have studied the effect of salmeterol on both P. aeruginosa interactions with the mucosa of nasal turbinate organ cultures and on pyocyanin-induced (20 microg/ml) and elastase-induced (100 microg/ml) damage to nasal epithelial cells. Organ cultures were exposed to salmeterol either by preincubation with 4 x 10(-7) M salmeterol for 30 min or by pipetting 20 microl of 4 x 10(-7) M salmeterol onto the organ culture surface immediately prior to bacterial inoculation. Infected organ cultures (8 h) had significantly (p < or = 0.01) increased epithelial damage, and P. aeruginosa was predominantly associated with damaged epithelium and mucus. Salmeterol significantly (p < or = 0.02) reduced epithelial damage caused by infection and the total number of adherent bacteria (p < or = 0.05), but bacterial distribution on the mucosa was unchanged. Nasal epithelial cells incubated with pyocyanin (20 microg/ml) or elastase (100 microg/ml) for 3 h had significantly (p < or = 0.05) increased cytoplasmic blebbing and mitochondrial damage versus control values. Elastase also significantly (p < or = 0.05) increased cell projection and reduced the level of ciliation. Cells preincubated with salmeterol (2 x 10(-7) M) showed a significant reduction in some features of cell damage caused by both toxins, which was inhibited by the beta2-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol. Our results indicate that salmeterol reduces P. aeruginosa-induced damage to both organ culture and nasal epithelium.
New antipsychotic agents are much awaited
Authors: Arnob Chakraborti
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Contraction and convergence: myth and realityEditor-The review of climate change issues in the BMJ of 10 June was comprehensive.On grounds of morality, the principle of contraction and convergence is unassailable. 1 In the real world, it is a pipe dream.It would work only by being enforcible, which implies an international policing authority with real teeth.Can we seriously believe that the United States, China, or Russia would submit to such an authority?Sadly there is no mileage in morality when affluent lifestyles are threatened.It is right to plead for changes in individual behaviour, but only the de-carbonising of energy at source will make a predictable and sustained impact on carbon dioxide emissions.The only long term route to this goal will be through the adoption of renewable energy technologies on two levels.Firstly, small scale to micro-generation systems are rapidly approaching market viability.Within five to 10 years, millions of homes could become cost effective mini-power stations linked to a local mini-grid under the umbrella of distributed generation.The Energy Saving Trust estimates that this sector could meet 40% of UK electricity demand. 2 Secondly, base load electricity could be provided by gigawatt scale technologies mostly drawing energy from wind, rivers, and seas.Tidal stream, tidal estuary, tidal impoundment, wave power, and offshore wind could more than match the output of today's nuclear power. 3 In the short term, "balancing power" to compensate for intermittency would be provided by combined cycle gas power plants.In the longer term, surplus electricity, which is an intrinsic problem with renewables, will be directed to producing hydrogen for grid connected gigawatt scale fuel cells in a symbiotic coupling with high energy density renewables installations.All this will, of course, depend on massive government investment, but so would nuclear energy.On the demand side, buildings are the biggest carbon culprits.The only effective answer, embracing both new and existing buildings, is the concept of the carbon budget, enforcible by law.This could also be adapted for transport.These have complex implications, perhaps for another time.
David Robert Ferguson
Authors: J. McCormack, S. McCormack
Journal: BMJ (2010)

David Robert Ferguson gained a first class degree in electrical engineering at Glasgow University in 1967. He entered the second year of his medical degree at Glasgow University in 1970, having completed two years of his PhD studies. David trained as a general practitioner and became a partner in Nithsdale Road Surgery, Glasgow, in 1979 until he retired from …
Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme and Sarcoidosis
Authors: LOUIS E. SILTZBACH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 September 1979Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme and SarcoidosisLOUIS E. SILTZBACH, M.D.LOUIS E. SILTZBACH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-3-501 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the paper "Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme and Gallium Scan In Noninvasive Evaluation of Sarcoidosis" by Nosal and colleagues in the March 1979 issue (1) 27 of the 156 nonsarcoid control subjects had elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels (Table 2, page 330). Of these, 21 had nonsarcoid pulmonary involvement such as bronchial asthma or pneumoconiosis, and six control subjects had no pulmonary involvement. On page 331, the authors state that the 21 subjects with high angiotensin-converting enzyme levels represented "14% of patients with chest disease other than sarcoid." This percentage would indicate a total of 150 control subjects with...References1. NOSALSCHLEISSNERMISHKINLIEBERMAN ALFJ. Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme and gallium scan in noninvasive evaluation of sarcoidosis. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:328-31. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STUDDYBIRDJAMESSHERLOCK PRDS. Serum angiotensin-converting-enzyme (SACE) in sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Lancet. 1978;2:1331-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. ROHRBACHDEREMEE MR. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in sarcoidosis as measured by a simple radiochemical assay. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1979;119:761-7. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. LIEBERMANNOSALSCHLEISSNERSASTRE-FOKEN JALA. Serum ACE (angiotensin-converting-enzyme) for diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1979. In press. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Mount Sinai Hospital New York, NY 10029 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHyaluronate in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a new marker in sarcoidosis reflecting pulmonary disease.Assessment of Activity in SarcoidosisRight to Services 1 September 1979Volume 91, Issue 3Page: 501-502KeywordsAngiotensin converting enzymeAsthmaEnzymesGallium scanPneumoconiosesSarcoidosisThorax Issue Published: 1 September 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
ADHD in Adults
Authors: Susan Okie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

As a child, Dr. Y often confounded her parents and teachers. She regularly brought home straight-A report cards, but the grades were accompanied by comments like "She is a very bright child but disorganized and makes careless mistakes." "I was always the space cadet of the family," recalled Dr. Y, now a 27-year-old physician doing her residency. "My sisters would get their homework done, and I would be racing around the table. I was a compulsive talker. I would wander around the house, reading. I was extremely forgetful: I would finish my little snack and always throw my spoon and . . .
Noninvasive In Vivo Clot Dissolution Without a Thrombolytic Drug
Authors: Yochai Birnbaum, Huai Luo, Tomoo Nagai, Michael C. Fishbein, Thomas M. Peterson, Shouping Li, David Kricsfeld, Thomas R. Porter, Robert J. Siegel
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Previous in vivo studies have shown that microbubbles not only enhance the effectiveness of thrombolytic agents in the presence of ultrasound but may also augment clot dissolution without thrombolytic drugs. Methods and Results —The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of arterial clot disruption by a noninvasive, nonlytic approach with intravenous administration of perfluorocarbon-exposed sonicated dextrose albumin (PESDA) and transcutaneous delivery of ultrasound alone. Pairs of iliofemoral arteries in 10 rabbits were randomized to receive transcutaneous ultrasound treatment or no ultrasound treatment after an acute artery thrombotic occlusion and intravenous PESDA infusion. Five arteries from 3 additional rabbits served as controls (ultrasound alone). All 10 iliofemoral arteries treated with PESDA+ultrasound were recanalized by angiography after ultrasound treatment. None of the 10 contralateral arteries treated with PESDA alone and none of the 5 arteries treated with ultrasound alone were patent after 1 hour. d -Dimer levels did not change after intravenous PESDA+ultrasound–mediated reperfusion. Conclusions —In vivo arterial clot dissolution can be achieved with intravenous microbubbles and transcutaneous ultrasound delivery alone. This technique has potential for clinical application in patients with acute arterial and venous thrombotic occlusions.
Using Law to Facilitate Healthier Lifestyles—Reply
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atypical cutaneous mycobacteriosis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: G. Collina, L. Morandi, A. Lanzoni, M. Reggiani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Atypical mycobacteria are important human pathogens. Although they often cause systemic disease, mycobacterial infection may present solely as cutaneous lesions. It is not easy to detect nontuberculous mycobacteria by the traditional histochemical Ziehl–Neelsen stain, or by culture on specific media. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be used to identify nontuberculous mycobacteria in skin lesions. We report a 40‐year‐old man and a 36‐year‐old woman, both of whom were immunocompetent and kept fish, who had skin lesions on the backs of their right hands. Ziehl–Neelsen staining and culture on Lowenstein–Jensen media were negative. Mycobacterial DNA was detected by amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA. In both cases, PCR‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed a positive signal when probes for Mycobacterium (universal probe) and M. chelonae were used, and in one patient M. fortuitum was also discovered. Antibiotic therapy with clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily was begun. After 6 months of treatment, the skin lesions were cured.
Antibody detects lymphoma cells in 'normal' blood
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A recently developed, highly sensitive method of detecting lymphoma cells in peripheral blood may enable more accurate diagnosis of aplasia following chemotherapy as well as earlier detection of relapse. In two published studies the method has been highly efficient in finding abnormal cells in cases where none had been found by conventional methods. The new technique depends on the facts that (1) 80% of lymphomas, which are solid tumors of the lymph nodes, are composed of B lymphocytes, and (2) these malignant B cells are monoclonal in origin. This means that the immunoglobulin on the surface of the malignant B lymphocytes is all of one type and contains either κ or λ light chains exclusively. Since in the normal state there are approximately equal numbers of lymphocytes expressing κ or λ chains, the presence of malignant cells will skew the distribution of lymphocytes toward an excess of those bearing one
Genetic Variation in Inflammatory Pathways Is Related to Colorectal Cancer Survival
Authors: Anna E. Coghill, Polly A. Newcomb, Elizabeth M. Poole, Carolyn M. Hutter, Karen W. Makar, Dave Duggan, John D. Potter, Cornelia M. Ulrich
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with systemic inflammation, and anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce both CRC incidence and mortality. Genetic variation in proinflammatory pathways can affect an individual's CRC risk. However, few studies have investigated the prognostic importance of this genetic variation in CRC patients.We investigated the association between CRC survival and genetic variation in proinflammatory pathways among patients from the Puget Sound Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results registry. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in five genes (PTGS-1, PTGS-2, MRP4, NFκB, and IκBKβ). Vital status was ascertained through linkage to the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The false discovery rate method of Benjamini and Hochberg was applied to address multiple testing.Four PTGS-1 variants were associated with CRC survival. One, G>A intron 9 (rs1213266), was associated with approximately 50% lower CRC mortality (HR(AA/AG vs. GG) = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25-0.93). Three variants, including L237M, resulted in significantly elevated CRC mortality risk, with HRs ranging from approximately 1.5 to 2.0. Two variants in IκBKβ, including R526Q, were significantly associated with CRC survival. Correction for multiple testing indicated that variants in both PTGS-1 and IκBKβ are reproducibly associated with CRC survival.Our findings suggest that genetic variation in proinflammatory pathways may be important for CRC prognosis. This investigation represents one of the first descriptions of the relationship between inherited polymorphisms and mortality in CRC patients and provides a starting point for further research.
Creatine supplementation in congestive heart failure
Authors: M.L. Field
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

I was particularly interested in the paper published in Cardiovascular Research (30, 413-418) by Gordon and co-workers entitled: Creatine supplementation in chronic heart failure increases skeletal muscle creatine phosphate and muscle performance. One of the objectives of their study was to evaluate the effects of creatine supplementation (20 g daily for 10 days) on ejection fraction in patients with congestive heart failure. A number of pointers have appeared in the literature which suggests the rational behind such an approach to increase ejection fraction is flawed. As pointed out by Gordon and co-workers, intracellular creatine is decreased in cardiac hypertrophy and failure [ 11. On the basis of work showing that creatine loading of skeletal muscle can increase skeletal muscle performance during high-intensity exercise [2], Gordon and co-workers imply that creatine loading of myocytes may aid their contractile function. However, it would be incorrect to assume that creatine has the same importance in high-energy phosphate transduction and muscle performance in the two muscle types. The creatine kinase system is thought to act primarily as a temporal high-energy phosphate buffer in skeletal muscle during high-intensity exercise 131. As such, the system is central in maintaining the cellular ATP concentration during the first few seconds of exercise prior to activation of glycogen phdsphorylase and consequently in maintaining muscle force development. It follows that increasing intracellular creatine and its phosphorylated form will attenuate the rapid depletion of this high-energy phosphate reserve during the first few seconds of exercise and thus increase muscle performance. The creatine kinase system in cardiac tissue is thought to act primarily as a spatial high-energy phosphate buffer 131. During the normal contractile cycle, over a wide range of cardiac output, the phosphocreatine concentration changes little if at all [4]. Thus, during normal physiology, phosphocreatine is not depleted to the same extent of that in skeletal muscle. The relatively minor changes in phosphocreatine during a wide range of cardiac output suggest that loading the heart
Abstract 1180: MicroRNAs and their target messenger RNAs associated with progression of breast cancer
Authors: Silke Schultz, Karina Petat-Dutter, Michael Walter, Sven Poths, Ulrich Vogel, Michael Bonin, Karl Sotlar, Christina Neuburger, Diethelm Wallwiener, Tanja Fehm, Hans J. Neubauer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background Based on own results using laser micro dissected cells of invasive ductal (IDC) and ductal in situ (DCIS) breast cancer of the same tumor combined with Affymetrix microarray technology 445 differentially transcribed candidate genes have been identified (Schütz et al., Cancer Research 2006, 66:5278-5286). In this project differential expression of miRNAs and mRNAs was investigated in the same DCIS/IDC breast cancers and pure DCIS fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin (FFPE). Aims The aim was (1) to identify miRNAs and their target mRNAs to serve as progression markers between DCIS and IDC and (2) to find an miRNA/mRNA set to characterize aggressive DCIS with a high invasive potential. Material and Methods Bioinformatic analysis using support vector machine and principle component analyses was applied to extract a prognostic gene set from the set of differentially expressed genes and qRT-PCR validation was carried out on micro dissected FFPE epithelial cells. Additionally, Illumina microarray technology was applied for mRNA and miRNA expression analysis. For functional analysis transmigration assays were performed in combination with siRNA mediated knock down of target genes. Results We obtained a 9-gene progression set which is able to correctly classify DCIS and IDC in 23 out of 24 cases (95.8%). Eight of the 9 possible marker genes were correctly validated in FFPE tissues. Further, expression of these genes also varied between pure DCIS and DCIS areas of DCIS/IDC mixed tumors - expression validation is currently done with qRT-PCR. Nineteen miRNAs were differentially expressed between DCIS and IDC, of which 4 had already been described in tumors. These 4 miRNAs have binding sites on 5 of the 9 candidate genes. Microarray analysis of mRNA from FFPE tissues confirmed differential expression of LRRC15 which has been found to be functionally relevant for breast cancer cell invasion and of LRRC32. An siRNA mediated knock down of LRRC32 reduced invasive potential of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in transmigration assays. Conclusions A small gene set of potential progression markers obtained by microarray analysis of native breast carcinomas was successfully validated on FFPE tissues. In addition, a set of targeting miRNAs was identified that might thus serve as prognostic markers. Further analyses are still ongoing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1180.
Factors affecting the outcome of autologous bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Subhash C. Gulati, Joachim Yahalom, Karla Whitmarsh, Bayard D. Clarkson, Timothy Gee
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1991)

Various protocols have been used at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center to improve the results of autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for hematopoietic malignancies. Results suggest that patients who undergo ABMT while in complete remission (after induction or reinduction treatment) do better than those who undergo ABMT in incomplete remission. In patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma, the addition of etoposide to the total body irradiation/cyclophosphamide conditioning regimen has decreased the relapse rate from 53% to 7%. For patients with refractory or relapsed Hodgkin's disease, the dosages of different drugs can be altered to improve the overall success. Dose escalation of etoposide shows significant promise. Relapse after ABMT and/or toxic complications are the main factors that need to be addressed in the future. Pulmonary toxicity occurs mainly in patients with mediastinal disease. Factors that can decrease relapse rate and toxicity are discussed.
Transapical Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Axel Unbehaun, Miralem Pasic, Stephan Dreysse, Thorsten Drews, Marian Kukucka, Alexander Mladenow, Ekaterina Ivanitskaja-Kühn, Roland Hetzer, Semih Buz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Francis John Caldwell Roe
Authors: Peter N Lee
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Dr Francis John Caldwell Roe, who has died aged 82, was for over 50 years active as an experimental pathologist and made major contributions to cancer research and toxicology. He had a wide range of research interests, which included the general toxicology and potential carcinogenicity of foods, food additives and contaminants, drugs, tobacco, pollutants, and industrial chemicals, as well as mechanisms of carcinogenesis, cancer epidemiology, cancer prevention, and the pathology of laboratory animals. This resulted in over 800 publications, including eight books and many leading articles in the BMJ and Lancet . His encyclopaedic knowledge, coupled with his ability to present his findings in an extremely clear and logical way, made his advice highly sought after. He served with distinction for many years on the UK Department of Health and Social Security's committees on carcinogenicity and on toxicity and on the WHO Expert Advisory Panel on Food Safety. He was also a member of numerous other national and international expert committees, as well as of various scientific journal editorial boards, and was a highly valued consultant to a wide range of companies.

Francis Roe was born in London on 16 August 1924 and was educated at St Olave's Grammar School, Orpington, and then at Wadham College, Oxford, and the London Hospital Medical College. He obtained from Oxford his BA in 1945, BM BCh in 1948, MA in 1950, and DM in 1957. He took up a house appointment at The London Hospital in 1948, continuing his pathology experience at the Royal Army Medical College from 1949 to 1951 before returning for 10 years to The London Hospital to be lecturer, then senior lecturer in the Department of Cancer Research. During this period he had a year at the McArdle Memorial Laboratories in Madison as an exchange fellow. In 1961 he …
832-5 Multiple plaque ruptures are not frequent in acute coronary syndrome: A three-vessel intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: Satoru Sumitsuji, Yoshio Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Okura, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Kenei Shimada, Motomaru Masutani, Mitsumasa Ohyanagi, Toru Kataoka, Kojiro Awano, Haruyuki Taguchi, Yuji Yasuga, Kenichi Fujii, Gary S Mintz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)