tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of antigen presenting cells at distinct anatomic sites: they accelerate and they slow down allergies
Authors: N. Novak, J.‐P. Allam, H. Betten, J. Haberstok, T. Bieber
Journal: Allergy (2003)

It has been repeatedly demonstrated that allergic reactions are driven by the continuous flow of antigen uptake and presentation processes, which are perpetuated mainly by dendritic cells (DC). The ability of allergens to cause allergic inflammation is contingent upon the presence of an immunological milieu and microenvironment that either privileges Th2 responses or prohibits these reactions by the induction of contraregulatory anti‐inflammatory activities of the immune system. In the light of recent developments it appears that DC have to manage two opposing tasks: on the one hand they can favor pro‐inflammatory reactions and actively induce a T‐cell response, yet on the other hand they serve an important function as ‘silencers’ in the immune system by sending out anti‐inflammatory, tolerance inducing signals. This unique capacity of DC has opened several exciting possibilities for a role of DC in both – accelerating and slowing down allergic reactions. It is therefore a challenge to understand in which way DC subtypes located at distinct anatomic sites with frequent allergen exposure, such as the skin, the nasal mucosa, the respiratory tree or the mucosa of the intestinal tract can have an impact on mechanisms involved in tolerance induction or effective immunity.
Successful transduction of liver in hemophilia by AAV-Factor IX and limitations imposed by the host immune response
Authors: Catherine S Manno, Glenn F Pierce, Valder R Arruda, Bertil Glader, Margaret Ragni, John J E Rasko, Margareth C Ozelo, Keith Hoots, Philip Blatt, Barbara Konkle, Michael Dake, Robin Kaye, Mahmood Razavi, Albert Zajko, James Zehnder, Pradip Rustagi, Hiroyuki Nakai, Amy Chew, Debra Leonard, J Fraser Wright, Ruth R Lessard, Jürg M Sommer, Michael Tigges, Denise Sabatino, Alvin Luk, Haiyan Jiang, Federico Mingozzi, Linda Couto, Hildegund C Ertl, Katherine A High, Mark A Kay
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides prime macrophages for enhanced release of arachidonic acid metabolites.
Authors: A A Aderem, D S Cohen, S D Wright, Z A Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Preincubation of resident peritoneal macrophages with 10-100 ng/ml LPS for 60 min resulted in the cells becoming primed for enhanced (three-to eightfold higher) arachidonic acid (20:4) secretion in response to a variety of triggers. The half-maximal concentration of LPS required for priming was 10 ng/ml irrespective of whether the trigger was particulate (examples: zymosan or immune complexes) or soluble (such as PMA or A23187). Similarly, the time required for half-maximal priming of macrophages was 20 min irrespective of which trigger was used. The primed state persisted for at least 30 h. LPS-priming of macrophages also affected the kinetics of 20:4 metabolite secretion. The lag phase characteristically observed when 20:4 secretion is triggered was reduced in LPS-primed cells. Furthermore, LPS-primed cells secreted 20:4 metabolites when challenged with latex beads, while unprimed cells did not. These data suggest that stimuli such as zymosan, which elicit 20:4 secretion in macrophages, promote two signals, a priming signal and a triggering signal. LPS is capable of establishing the priming signal but not the triggering signal, while latex promotes the triggering signal but is unable to prime the cells for 20:4 release. LPS did not effect the profile of 20:4 metabolites secreted in response to any of the triggers, nor did it effect the profile of products synthesized from exogenously added 20:4, suggesting that it did not regulate the 20:4 cascade at the level of either the cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase pathways. Macrophages respond to LPS without the intervention of T lymphocytes, since the macrophages from nude mice could be primed for enhanced 20:4 secretion.
Diagnostic Atlas of the Heart
Authors: Samuel Zoneraich
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<i>Diagnostic Atlas of the Heart</i>is an impressive opus of magnificent technology and erudition. By using conceptual originality, the editors have succeeded in offering a new technique of learning. Superbly colored illustrations—a major modern printing achievement—vividly express at the beginning of each chapter the fundamentals of the anatomy of the heart. Then, basic elements of physiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic testing complete the overall evaluation of a disease. Wisely, the editors have chosen to completely eliminate treatment, concentrating on the basic aspects of diagnosis. The continuous proliferation of cardiovascular drugs makes it difficult to choose the newest and best, but the correct treatment could easily be found in any manual. The greatest challenge to the practicing physician is in obtaining a correct diagnosis. Moreover, because of the time it takes to publish a book, it is difficult to update therapeutic advancements in a text. This text has 27 chapters, written
Sulphasalazine retention enemas in ulcerative colitis: a double-blind trial.
Authors: K R Palmer, J R Goepel, C D Holdsworth
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Thirty-four patients with ulcerative colitis completed a double-blind assessment comparing the efficacy of two weeks of treatment with nightly retention enemas containing 3 g sulphasalazine or placebo. Symptom grading, sigmoidoscopic appearance, rectal biopsy specimens, and diary records were used to assess benefit and side effects. The active drug conferred significant benefit compared with placebo as shown by several criteria, but this benefit was confined to patients not already taking sulphasalazine by mouth. Overall assessment showed improvement in 11 of the 16 patients (70%) given the active treatment but in only two of the 18 (11%) given placebo. No side effects attributable to the drug were observed, even in patients previously intolerant to oral preparations. The logical therapeutic role of sulphasalazine enemas in ulcerative colitis would appear to be in patients who experience side effects such as nausea, abdominal discomfort, or headaches when taking the drug by mouth.
Prognostic role of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and their polymorphisms in acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Kati H. Miettinen, Johan Lassus, Veli‐Pekka Harjola, Krista Siirilä‐Waris, John Melin, Kari R. Punnonen, Markku S. Nieminen, Markku Laakso, Keijo J. Peuhkurinen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Patients' assessment of out of hours care
Authors: D. J Williams
Journal: BMJ (1988)

like Zimbabwe, India,5 and Egypt,6 where the widespread use of home remedies has reduced mortality from acute diarrhoeal disease.The principles of oral rehydration in acute gastro- enteritis should be common knowledge among parents in Britain (as it is in Zimbabwe) and they should be encouraged to make up solutions as a first aid measure before seeking medical advice.
Experts Continue Their Search for Clues to Cancer Cluster in West Central Phoenix
Authors: F. X. Mahaney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Experts Continue Their Search for Clues to Cancer Cluster in West Central Phoenix Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 6, 21 March 1990, Pages 452–454, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.6.452 Published: 21 March 1990
On the "Easy Bruising" Syndrome with Normal Platelet Count
Authors: HENRIETTE LACKNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Seventy-five consecutive patients with normal platelet counts were investigated for "easy bruising." All had a normal coagulation profile, and all except four were women. None were on aspirin or other antiplatelet agents. Two specific groups could be delineated. In type I (44 patients, mean age, 35), platelet function was normal to supranormal. Megathrombocyte number was elevated in 60% of patients and correlated with the presence of antiplatelet antibody in 30% of patients. In type II (31 patients, mean age, 34), platelet function was abnormal: impaired epinephrine aggregation (primary and secondary wave) in 97%, impaired connective tissue aggregation in 77%, and impaired ADP aggregation in 42%. Megathrombocyte number was elevated in 71%, and antiplatelet antibody was present in 38% of patients. The "easy bruising" syndrome can be differentiated into two categories: type I, in which a platelet abnormality is unlikely, and type II, in which a platelet abnormality exists. Elevated incidence of antiplatelet antibody in both groups suggests a possible autoimmune cause.
The Rest of Him
Authors: Leon Morgenstern
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Consumption of different soymilk formulations differentially affects the gut microbiomes of overweight and obese men
Authors: Dina Fernandez-Raudales, Jennifer L. Hoeflinger, Neal A. Bringe, Stephen B. Cox, Scot E. Dowd, Michael J. Miller, Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

The effects of consuming foods on the intestinal microbiome of obese individuals remain unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of consuming low glycinin soymilk (LGS, 49.5% β-conglycinin/6% glycinin), conventional soymilk (S, 26.5% β-conglycinin/38.7% glycinin) or bovine milk (M, 0% β-conglycinin/0% glycinin) on the intestinal microbiome in overweight and obese men. In a randomized double-blind study, participants (64 men, BMI > 25, 20-45 y old), organized in three groups, consumed 500 mL of LGS, S or M daily for 3 mo. Three fecal samples were collected before (baseline) and after 3 mo of consumption. Dietary energy and macronutrient intake were monitored monthly and remained constant throughout the study (p > 0.05). Microbial composition was analyzed with qPCR and bTEFAP. Within groups, qPCR analysis showed that the total bacteria increased in all treatments over time (p < 0.001). Bacteroides-Prevotella (p = 0.001) and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) increased in LGS and M, respectively. Bifidobacterium was significantly reduced in LGS (p = 0.003) and S (p < 0.001). Bacterial diversity decreased for LGS, S and M (p = 0.004, 0.005, 0.001; respectively). Unweighted UniFrac analysis revealed that the microbial communities were more similar within than between individuals. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio decreased in both LGS and S groups and remained relatively unchanged in the M group (Time p = 0.012; Interaction p = 0.059). Indicator analysis revealed several genera that were indicative of each treatment including Lactobacillus and Prevotella. Consumption of the three beverages differentially altered the microbiota in overweight and obese men including a potentially beneficial alteration of the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in both soymilk groups.
Helicobacter pylori: beware "blind" eradication!
Authors: C D ROSEVEARE, D A V. HEEL, M J P ARTHUR, R J LAWRANCE
Journal: Gut (1998)

Editor,—The Maastricht Consensus Report ( Gut 1997; 41 :8–13) has recommended broadening the guidelines on eradication of Helicobacter pylori to include certain dyspeptic patients without confirmed peptic ulceration. Although this policy may improve dyspeptic symptoms in certain subgroups of patients without ulcers,1 an overall benefit from eradication of H pylori in non-ulcer dyspepsia has yet to be established. Furthermore, while a “test and treat” strategy may have cost benefits,2 potential dangers to individual patients should be considered. Such dangers are illustrated by a patient who was recently admitted under our care with fulminant pseudomembranous colitis following triple therapy for the treatment of H pylori .

The 40 year old woman …
Passing a Small-Bore Nasogastric Feeding Catheter
Authors: Darrell S. Rigel, Clifford Saper
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters1 February 1980Passing a Small-Bore Nasogastric Feeding CatheterDARRELL S. RIGEL, M.D., CLIFFORD SAPER, M.D.DARRELL S. RIGEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CLIFFORD SAPER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-2-264_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the letter "Simple Method for Passage of Small-Bore Nasogastric Feeding Catheter" in the October issue (1). Because a closed endoscopic biopsy forceps is not always readily available, we propose an alternative method.A stainless steel arteriography wire guide 0.038 in. in diameter (Model SCF; Cook Incorporated, Bloomington, Indiana) can be easily obtained from a hospital radiology department. (Teflon-coated wires of similar gauge are less rigid and therefore much less effective.) The tip of the wire is lubricated with Surgilube (lubrication jelly). It is then threaded into the lumen of the nasogastric feeding tube....Reference1. GREMILLION D. Simple method for passage of small-bore nasogastric feeding catheter. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:655-6. Letter. LinkGoogle Scholar1. GREMILLION D. Simple method for passage of small-bore nasogastric feeding catheter. Ann Internal Med. 1979;91:655-6. Letter. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KAMINSKI M. Enteral hyperalimentation. Surg Obstet Gynecol. 1976;143:12-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. TOMCZAK D and ENGEL J. Rapid intubation of the small intestine under direct endoscopic guidance. Gastrointest Endosc 1979, 25:51-2. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DARRELL S. RIGEL, M.D.; CLIFFORD SAPER, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1980Volume 92, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 264-264KeywordsAngiographyBiopsyCathetersDiagnostic radiology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
The prescription of isotretinoin to women: is every precaution taken?
Authors: None Holmes, None Bankowska, None Mackie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

A questionnaire survey of dermatologists practising in Scotland was carried out to assess strategies for the management of women prescribed isotretinoin for acne. The results of the study suggested that the prevention of pregnancy during treatment is of considerable concern to dermatologists: over 90% routinely asked women about sexual activity and 97% routinely gave both verbal and written advice on the need to avoid pregnancy during treatment. However, clinical practices which might place women at risk of pregnancy were identified: only 30% of trainees and 51% of consultants routinely carried out pregnancy tests before treatment, and when tests were carried out, there was a tendency to rely on potentially insensitive urine assays. Additionally, there was an apparent lack of recognition of the possibility of sexual activity in girls aged under 16 years. Suggestions for the management of women prescribed isotretinoin include taking a sexual history from all women; providing clear information on the need to avoid pregnancy during treatment; obtaining informed consent prior to treatment; recommending the use of effective contraceptive measures; and exclusion of pregnancy prior to treatment by means of a suitably timed blood or urine sample and sensitive assay technique.
Appearance of Hepatocytelike Cells in the Interlobular Bile Ducts of Human Liver in Various Liver Disease States
Authors: Minoru Nomoto, Yasurou Uchikosi, Natumi Kajikazawa, Yasuki Tanaka, Hitosi Asakura
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Among 1,098 liver biopsy specimens obtained from patients with various liver diseases characterized by liver injury, 58 epithelial cells whose cytoplasms stained positively by the periodic acid-Schiff stain (digested with diastase) were recognized in the interlobular bile ducts of 37 specimens from 36 patients. Light microscopic study revealed that the cytoplasms of these cells were clear or stained weakly eosinophilic on hematoxylin and eosin staining and that the cell limits were distinct. From their reaction with periodic acid-Schiff stain and from electron microscopic observation it was clear that these cells contained an abundance of glycogen and were located among the normal bile duct cells surrounded by basement membrane. On electron microscopy, these cells had microvilli of equal sizes on their luminal surfaces and many irregularly sized microvilluslike cell membrane projections on their basal surfaces. They rested on basement membrane with basal spaces. These cells varied in size from 25.0 to 452.2 microns 2 (mean = 212.2 microns 2). In contrast, the sizes of normal bile duct cells and hepatocytes ranged from 20.0 to 69.3 microns 2 (mean = 34.2 microns 2) and from 113.0 to 860.3 microns 2 (mean = 447.0 microns 2), respectively. Immunohistochemical study with antiserum to cytokeratin 19, albumin and alpha 1-antitrypsin on serially cut frozen sections showed that some of these cells expressed markers of bile duct cells and hepatocytes. Some cells expressed only the markers of hepatocytes. Computer graphic three-dimensional reconstruction clearly demonstrated that these cells were located sparsely (but sometimes in groups) among normal interlobular bile duct cells, without any connection to the surrounding parenchymal hepatocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Software compensation for lung volume in assessment of inspiratory muscle strength and endurance.
Authors: D K McKenzie, S C Gandevia, R B Gorman, J B Leeper
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--To increase the sensitivity of measurements of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) as a test of inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, software was developed to correct for variation in lung volume. METHODS--Using a body plethysmograph to determine absolute lung volume during each manoeuvre, values for MIP were expressed as a percentage of the pressure "expected" from the unfatigued MIP/lung volume relation in each subject. RESULTS--The method reduced the variance in peak and average pressure during a series of 18 MIP manoeuvres of 10 seconds duration separated by rest intervals of 10 seconds. CONCLUSIONS--The correlation between average pressure and contraction number was improved significantly by the MIP/lung volume correction. This simple correction has many applications in measurements of the MIP.
Validation of Dynamic 3-Dimensional Whole Heart Magnetic Resonance Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Against Fractional Flow Reserve for the Detection of Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Roy Jogiya, Sebastian Kozerke, Geraint Morton, Kalpa De Silva, Simon Redwood, Divaka Perera, Eike Nagel, Sven Plein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Intestinal effects of captopril.
Authors: I. R. Edwards, D. M. Coulter, D. Macintosh
Journal: BMJ (1992)

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