tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase I Study of a Weekly Schedule of Irinotecan, High-Dose Leucovorin, and Infusional Fluorouracil as First-Line Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Udo Vanhoefer, Andreas Harstrick, Claus-Henning Köhne, Wolf Achterrath, Youcef M. Rustum, Siegfried Seeber, Hansjochen Wilke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of a weekly schedule of irinotecan (CPT-11), leucovorin (LV), and a 24-hour infusion of fluorouracil (5-FU 24h ) as first-line chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer and to assess preliminary data on the antitumor activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer were entered onto this phase I study. In the first six dose levels, fixed doses of CPT-11 (80 mg/m 2 ) and LV (500 mg/m 2 ) in combination with escalated doses of 5-FU 24h ranging from 1.8 to 2.6 g/m 2 were administered on a weekly-times-four (dose levels 1 to 4) or weekly-times-six (dose levels 5 to 6) schedule. The dose of CPT-11 was then increased to 100 mg/m 2 (dose level 7). RESULTS: Seventy-nine cycles of 5-FU 24h /LV with CPT-11 were administered in an outpatient setting. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed during the first cycle at dose levels 1 to 6, but diarrhea of grade 4 (National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria) was observed in three patients after multiple treatment cycles. Other nonhematologic and hematologic side effects, specifically alopecia and neutropenia, did not exceed grade 2. With the escalation of CPT-11 to 100 mg/m 2 (dose level 7), diarrhea of grade 3 or higher was observed in four of six patients during the first cycle; thus, the MTD was achieved. Sixteen of 25 response-assessable patients (64%; 95% confidence interval, 45% to 83%) achieved an objective response. CONCLUSION: The recommended doses for further studies are CPT-11 80 mg/m 2 , LV 500 mg/m 2 , and 5-FU 24h 2.6 g/m 2 given on a weekly-times-six schedule followed by a 1-week rest period. The addition of CPT-11 to 5-FU 24h /LV seems to improve the therapeutic efficacy in terms of tumor response with manageable toxicity.
Treatment of occult or late overt testicular relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study.
Authors: M M Wofford, S D Smith, J J Shuster, W Johnson, G R Buchanan, M D Wharam, A K Ritchey, D Rosen, M E Haggard, B L Golembe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE The Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) designed a randomized two-arm protocol (8304) to improve the survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who experience an isolated testicular relapse and to evaluate the efficacy of teniposide (VM-26) and doxorubicin as intensification agents during second remission. The outcome and toxicity observed in 80 patients with isolated testicular leukemia treated on POG 8304 are presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS The following are common features of POG 8304: (1) remission reinduction therapy with vincristine, prednisone, and doxorubicin; (2) bilateral testicular irradiation (2,600 cGy) during reinduction therapy; (3) CNS prophylaxis with intrathecal hydrocortisone, methotrexate (MTX), and cytarabine (Ara-C); and (4) continuation therapy (for 80 weeks) with alternating 6-week cycles of oral mercaptopurine (6-MP)/MTX and intravenous vincristine and cyclophosphamide. Treatment differences consisted of pulses (administered every 7 weeks) of either prednisone and doxorubicin (arm 1) or VM-26 and Ara-C (arm 2) during continuation therapy and a 4-week late intensification phase with either vincristine, prednisone, and doxorubicin (arm 1) or VM-26 and Ara-C (arm 2). RESULTS Fifty-five boys with ALL had isolated microscopic testicular leukemia detected by an elective biopsy at completion of initial treatment, and 25 had a late (greater than or equal to 6 months off-therapy) isolated overt testicular relapse. All patients with overt testicular leukemia attained a second clinical remission, and no patient with microscopic testicular leukemia progressed during reinduction. Of 42 patients on arm 1, 11 have relapsed compared with 18 of 38 patients on arm 2 (log-rank analysis, P = .22), indicating no significant difference between an anthracycline and an epipodophyllotoxin-Ara-C combination in the treatment of testicular leukemia. The overall 4-year event-free survival (EFS) among boys with occult testicular relapse was 53% +/- 8%. Age greater than 10 years at initial diagnosis, a WBC count greater than 50,000/microL at diagnosis, and black race were associated with a worse outcome. The 4-year EFS for boys with a late overt testicular relapse was 84% +/- 10%, and these patients fared significantly better than patients with occult disease (P = .007). CONCLUSION The treatment approach reported here can secure a prolonged second remission in many patients with occult or late overt testicular leukemia.
The ambiguities of predicting total body water and body cell mass with a single frequency (50KHz) measurement of bioimpedance.
Authors: J R Matthie, P O Withers
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 6(6):p 1682-1685, December 1995. | DOI: 10.1681/ASN.V661682b
Abstract 15755: Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest: Effective in Both Shockable and Non-Shockable Patients?
Authors: Florence Dumas, David Grimaldi, Benjamin Zuber, Jerome Fichet, Nadege Demars, Jean Sebastien Marx, Frederic Pene, Olivier Varenne, Jean-Philippe Empana, Alain Cariou
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors routinely includes mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) in order to improve cerebral outcome. Although the level of evidenc...
A population-based study of neuroblastoma incidence, survival, and mortality in North America.
Authors: M L Bernstein, J M Leclerc, G Bunin, L Brisson, L Robison, J Shuster, T Byrne, D Gregory, G Hill, G Dougherty
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to provide a population-based estimate of neuroblastoma incidence, disease stage and age distribution, and survival and mortality rates in North America; and (2) to compare these figures in the province of Quebec at a time shortly before the institution of province-wide screening with those in a population-based control group, the Greater Delaware Valley (GDV) Pediatric Tumor Registry.In Quebec, the four major pediatric teaching hospital records were searched for children with a diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Tumor board registry data and information supplied to the Division of Vital Statistics were also reviewed. Birth statistics were obtained from the population registry. The GDV Pediatric Tumor Registry is a population-based registry of pediatric cancer covering all of Delaware and parts of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. Age, stage of disease, and follow-up data were obtained through December 31, 1989, with Evans neuroblastoma staging data used for all comparisons.One hundred thirty children with neuroblastoma were identified in Quebec and 165 in the GDV, in a combined population of 3,178,736 children. The annual incidence of neuroblastoma was 10.95/10(6) under the age of 15 years and 27.75/10(6) between the ages of 0 and 4 years. The annual mortality rate due to neuroblastoma was 4.89/10(6) and 9.10/10(6) for the age groups 0 to 14 and 0 to 4, respectively. The overall 10-year survival rate for the 295 cases of neuroblastoma was 55%. The 10-year survival rates for patients with Evans stage I-IV and IVS disease were 88%, 90%, 63%, 21%, and 81%. There was no significant difference observed in the incidence, mortality, or survival in the two populations.These data represent the first large, population-based description of the clinical presentation and outcome of patients with neuroblastoma in North America, with no significant differences noted between Quebec patients and the GDV patients.
Tuberculosis in asylum seekers in Belgium. VRGT (Flemish Lung and Tuberculosis Association)
Authors: P Van den Brande, M Uydebrouck, P Vermeire, M Demedts
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Countries with a low incidence of tuberculosis have recently been faced with the problem of tuberculosis (TB) in asylum seekers from countries with a high TB prevalence. We report on the tuberculosis case notification rate (TBCNR) in Belgium in 1993, and on the results of active screening in a group of asylum seekers. The TBCNR in Belgium in 1993 increased slightly to 14.9 per 100,000, mainly due to the nonindigenous population. The highest TBCNR (312 per 100,000) was reported among the 26,882 asylum seekers staying in Belgium in 1993. Of all new asylum seekers admitted in 1993, 4,794 agreed to undergo radiographic screening for TB at entry, of whom 123 had a chest radiograph which was suspect. Among the 123, 67 could be further investigated, and, of these, 19 cases (28%) of active TB were detected; this represents a TBCNR of 396 per 100,000 when referred to the 4,794 asylum seekers screened. In addition, 56 asylum seekers with suspect chest radiograph were lost to further investigation. From the present results it appears that: 1) in Belgium, asylum seekers constitute an important risk group for TB, with a TBCNR after screening which is approximately 30 times that in the indigenous population; and 2) there is a deficient follow-up after first screening, generating the risk of transmission of TB within the community. Our recommendations are, therefore, that in all asylum seekers screening for tuberculosis should be mandatory and follow-up of active tuberculosis should be regulated.
KRAS mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) – Experiences by routine molecular testing in a German lung cancer centre
Authors: Christian Boch, Jens Kollmeier, Daniel Misch, Andreas Roth, Torsten Blum, Wolfram Gruening, Nicolas Schoenfeld, Thomas Mairinger, Torsten T. Bauer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: More than 20 years ago KRAS mutations were identified but the utility of this information remains vague. Several clinical studies indicate that KRAS mutations are associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in preselected populations. With the routine testing of KRAS mutation in all newly diagnosed NSCLC in our clinic for 14 months, we offer a new perspective.

Methods: From Nov 2009 until Dec 2010, all subsequent biopsies of newly diagnosed NSCLC (n=753) obtained by surgery, routine bronchoscopy or CT guided biopsy were tested for the ability to be analysed by LightCycler Real-time PCR accessing codons 12 and 13 for the presence of KRAS mutations. The obtained data were correlated with the centre-bound tumour registry for survival data.

Results: A total of 504 cases with NSCLC, 229 adenocarcinoma (AC), 163 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 112 with other NSCLC were eligible for analysis. Among those, KRAS mutation was present in 79/504 cases (15,7%, male, n=39). The highest frequency of KRAS mutation was observed in AC 61/229 (27%). Patients with SCC (6/163, 3,7%) and other NSCLC (12/112, 11%) showed KRAS mutations less often (p < 0.001). By analysing EGFR mutations in the same population, we detected only one KRAS positive patient with a simultaneous EGFR mutation. By now we did not find a significant difference in OS expressed as mean ± SEM (KRAS negative 378±9 vs KRAS positive 406±20, p = 0.244).

Conclusion: The frequency of KRAS mutations in NSCLC in our unselected cohort is comparable with previous reports. They are more frequent in AC compared to other histologic subtypes. To date we could not confirm any association with OS.
Tumor burden assessment and its implication for a prognostic model in advanced diffuse large-cell lymphoma.
Authors: S Jagannath, W S Velasquez, S L Tucker, L M Fuller, P W McLaughlin, J T Manning, L B North, F C Cabanillas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Previously untreated adult patients who presented with advanced diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL) at diagnosis were studied to identify possible prognostic factors. One hundred five patients were seen between 1974 and 1981; 45 patients were stage III and 60 patients were stage IV. All patients received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin (CHOP-Bleo). Stage III patients also received radiation therapy alternated with chemotherapy. Overall survival was 50% at 5 years and 43% at 8 years. Seventy-four patients achieved a complete remission (CR) and 37 are alive and disease-free with a median follow-up of 72 months. There was no difference in clinical outcome between stage III and stage IV. However, a proportional hazards model identified lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level and tumor burden, among all clinical factors studied, as independent risk factors for survival. These two factors were also important for achievement of remission and relapse-free survival. Three distinct patient risk groups were identified with 5-year survival rates of 87%, 48%, and 20%, respectively. The measure of tumor burden proposed herein, along with LDH level, can be used for developing treatment programs, and for meaningful comparison of different treatment regimens, as well as assessment of prognosis.
Phase II Trial of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Metastatic Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Groupe Français de Pneumo-Cancérologie Study
Authors: P. Thomas, O. Castelnau, D. Paillotin, H. Léna, G. Robinet, J. F. Muir, P. Delaval, S. Gouva, P. Balmes, F. Blanchon, D. Perdu, R. Poirier, P. Pommier de Santi, C. Penot-Ragon, J. P. Kleisbauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel and carboplatin in the treatment of previously untreated patients with metastatic small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients were aged 18 to 75 years with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score ≤ 2 and life expectancy ≥ 12 weeks. Paclitaxel (200 mg/m 2 ) was infused over 3 hours, before carboplatin (area under the curve [AUC] 6; Calvert formula) infused over 1 hour, once every 3 weeks for six cycles maximum. Prednisolone, dexchlorpheniramine, and ranitidine were standard premedication. Response to treatment was assessed every two cycles, and nonresponding patients were withdrawn from the trial to receive standard chemotherapy. RESULTS: Of the 50 patients entering the study, 48 and 46 patients were assessable for toxicity and response, respectively. The overall response rate was 65%, with complete responses in three patients. Five patients had stable disease (11%) and 11 patients experienced progressive disease (24%). Median survival was 38 weeks, and median duration of response was 20 weeks. One-year survival was 22.5%. For a total of 232 cycles, grade 3 and 4 toxicity was 33% for neutropenia, 3.5% for thrombocytopenia, and 4% for anemia. Four patients had neutropenic fever (one toxic death). Nonhematologic toxicity was mainly grade 1 and 2 paresthesia (21% of patients); grade 3 myalgia/arthralgia was observed in 6.5% of patients. CONCLUSION: First-line chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin in metastatic SCLC achieved a response rate and survival similar to standard regimens. With 1-day administration and a tolerable toxicity profile, this combination merits further investigation.
The impact of bundle care on medical expenses reduction in critically-ill patients with blood stream infection
Authors: Hou-Tai Chang, Wan-Lin Chen, Hen-Yi Jen, Tsai-Wen Liu, Chor-Kuan Lim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:Previous research showed that blood stream infection(BSI) in ICU significantly increased hospital stays and higher medical expenses in the critically ill patients. However, there were few studies analyzed the impacts upon medical expenses after the implementation of bundle care for BSI in different severities of critically ill patients.  OBJECTIVES:To address the impact upon medical expenses in different groups of critically-ill patients with BSI before and after the implementation of bundle care.  METHODS:The database included patients9 demographics, classification of diseases, national health insurance payment profile were collected from 2010/1/1 to 2013/12/31. Four groups are categorized based on APACHE II score respectively: APACHE II  36 (Group 4). We conducted two-sample t-test to compare patients9 medical expenses before (2010-2011) and after (2012-2013) implementation of bundle care.  RESULTS:We have collected 102 patients with BSI in the medical ICU between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2013.Their mean age is 66.59±14.47 years old. 75 patients (74%) are male, 27 patients (26%) are female. We found significantly lower average medical expenses in group 3 (NT$ 666,865±337,003 vs.462338±290254, p-value=0.039) and total patients (534,236±318,251 vs.449,862±252,769, p-value=0.04)after bundle care implementation .  CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that after introducing bundle care in the medical ICU, more severe critically-ill patients with BSI have significant reduction in average medical expenses during hospitalization.
Carboplatin plus vinorelbine, a new well-tolerated and active regimen for the treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Gruppo Oncologico Centro-Sud-Isole.
Authors: C Gridelli, F Perrone, G P Ianniello, L Brancaccio, R V Iaffaioli, C Curcio, M D'Aprile, R Cioffi, S Cigolari, A Rossi, G Palazzolo, E Veltri, M Pergola, S De Placido, C Gallo, S Monfardini, A R Bianco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

To evaluate the activity and toxicity of the combination carboplatin plus vinorelbine in extensive small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).A two-stage optimal Simon design was applied. To proceed after the first stage, responses from 8 of 11 treated patients were needed. Overall, 31 responses of 43 treated patients were required to comply with the design parameters. Inclusion criteria were cytohistologically proven SCLC; extensive disease; age of 70 years or less; Eastern Cooperative Oncology group performance status (ps ECOG) of 2 or less; normal cardiac, hepatic, renal, and bone marrow functions; and no previous chemotherapy. Patients were staged by physical examination; biochemistry; chest radiograph; brain, thoracic; and abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scans, and bone scan. All patients received carboplatin 300 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) day 1 and vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks up to six cycles. Of 43 enrolled patients, 36 were men and 7 women, with a median age of 63 years (range, 46 to 70 years).All patients were assessable for response and toxicity. We observed 32 (74%) objective responses, with 23% complete responses. Median time to progression was 25 weeks, and median survival was 37 weeks. The treatment was well tolerated. The reported main toxicities were leukopenia grade 3 in 21% of patients and grade 4 in 5% of patients, anemia grade 2 in 11% of patients and grade 3 in 2% of patients, and thrombocytopenia grade 3 in 7% of patients.These data show that carboplatin plus vinorelbine is an active and well-tolerated regimen in extensive SCLC. In view of the activity, low toxicity, and ease of administration, it may be a reasonable alternative to more toxic cisplatin-containing regimens.
MDR-TB treatment outcomes in HIV positive patients
Authors: Alena Skrahina, Andrei Khaliaukin, Henadz Hurevich, Liudmila Zhylevich, Valiantsin Rusovich, Evgeni Belilovski, Aliaksandr Shyrayeu, Masoud Dara
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Observational data from MDR-TB high burden countries on the outcome of MDR-TB in HIV positive populations remain sparse. In terms of MDR-TB and HIV TB co-infection Gomel region (1.5 million populations) is the most problematic region in Belarus.  The aim of the study was to compare treatment outcomes of patients who were diagnosed with HIV and MDR-TB in Gomel region of Belarus to HIV positive patients whose  M.tb  isolates were susceptible to isoniazid ( H ) and rifampicin ( R ).  Between 01.01.2010 and 31.12.2011 327 HIV positive individuals with TB and available drug susceptibility testing results were included in the study. MDR-TB was laboratory confirmed in 86 patients,  H  and  R  susceptible TB (S-TB) was diagnosed in 241 patients  Proportion of successfully treated HIV positive patients with S-TB was higher but not significantly in compared to those with MDR-TB: 36%  vs.  27% (OR=0.65; 95% CI 0.37-1.11;  p >0.05). Treatment failure was recorded approximately in the same proportion of both groups of HIV/TB patients: 30%  vs.  28% (OR=1.14; 95% CI 0.66-1.97;  p >0.05). Statistically significant difference between the groups was observed only in death rate: 31%  vs.  44% (OR=0.57; 95% CI 0.34-0.95;   p  )  In these first HIV/TB patients placed on WHO recommended tretment, diagnostics were not optimized with use of rapid molecular tests, regimens were characterized with negligible access to later-generation fluoroquinolones and to early start of antiretrovirals. Many patients had long-standing disease and more extensive lesions. No social support was provided to patients before 2011. With rapid diagnostics, enhanced MDR-TB regimens, expanded provision of antiretrovirals and social support to patients treatment outcomes are expected to improve.
Development of an Infectivity Assay for Mouse Mammary-Tumor Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Jesse Charney, B. D. Pullinger, Dan H. Moore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

The detection of soluble mammary-tumor virus (MTV) antigen by gel microimmunodiffusion was used as the basis of an assay for MTV. The detectability of antigen in the third lactation milks of mice inoculated with serial dilutions of MTV preparations was reliably predictive of eventual tumorigencsis; 85% of antigen-positive mice developed tumors after 18 months of observation; antigen-negative mice did not develop tumors. The dose-response regression of the assay was characteristic of other virus dilution assays, and definite 50% infective endpoints could be calculated. In comparison with tumor development, the assay time was short (3–3½ months).
Hearing loss in children and young adults receiving cisplatin with or without prior cranial irradiation.
Authors: M J Schell, V A McHaney, A A Green, L E Kun, F A Hayes, M Horowitz, W H Meyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

One hundred seventy-seven children and young adults with various malignant neoplasms were prospectively tested for hearing loss after they had received cisplatin (n = 146), cranial irradiation (n = 18), or both (n = 13). Adequate renal function, no history of treatment with ototoxic drugs other than cisplatin, and availability for repeated audiometric testing were requirements for enrollment. Substantial hearing loss, defined as a hearing threshold of 50 dB or greater, was noted in only 11% of the cohort on tests conducted at the common speech frequencies (500 to 3,000 Hz). About half the patients had substantial deficits at higher frequencies (4,000 to 8,000 Hz). The probability of substantial hearing loss was directly related to the cumulative dose of cisplatin. In nonirradiated patients tested at the speech frequencies, there was a negligible risk of substantial deficits over the dose range of 90 to 360 mg/m2. As the dose increased to 720 mg/m2, the risk increased to 22%. In irradiated patients who later received cisplatin, cumulative drug doses as low as 270 mg/m2 were associated with a high probability of substantial hearing loss, suggesting potentiation of ototoxicity when these therapies are used together. Hearing acuity was either not affected or only minimally decreased in the irradiation-only group. Younger age, prior irradiation, and the presence of a CNS tumor each contributed significantly to the severity of hearing deficits at given cisplatin dose levels. We conclude that early increases in hearing threshold at a stimulus frequency of 4,000 Hz indicate probable subsequent deficits at lower frequencies, especially in young children with CNS tumors who have received cranial irradiation. The probability charts derived from this analysis should provide a useful tool for predicting hearing loss in the speech frequencies.