tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening agars for MRSA: evaluation of a stepwise diagnostic approach with two different selective agars for the screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Volker Micheel, Benedikt Hogan, Thomas Köller, Philipp Warnke, Sabine Crusius, Rebecca Hinz, Ralf Matthias Hagen, Norbert Georg Schwarz, Hagen Frickmann
Journal: Military Medical Research (2015)

Colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a hygiene risk that does not spare field hospitals or military medical field camps during military deployments. Diagnostic options for unambiguously identifying MRSA isolates are usually scarce in military environments. In this study, we assessed the stepwise application of two different selective agars for the specific identification of MRSA in screening analyses. Nasal swabs from 1541 volunteers were subjected to thioglycollate broth enrichment and subsequently screened on CHROMagar MRSA selective agar for the identification of MRSA. The MRSA identity of suspicious-looking colonies was confirmed afterwards or excluded by another selective agar, chromID MRSA. All isolates from the selective agars with MRSA-specific colony morphology were identified by biochemical methods and mass spectrometry. The initial CHROMagar MRSA screening identified suspicious colonies in 36 out of 1541 samples. A total of 25 of these 36 isolates showed MRSA-like growth on chromID agar. Out of these 25 isolates, 24 were confirmed as MRSA, while one isolate was identified as Staphylococcus kloosii. From the 11 strains that did not show suspicious growth on chromID agar, 3 were methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, with one instance of co-colonization with Corynebacterium spp.), 2 were confirmed as MRSA (with 1 instance of co-colonization with MSSA), 2 were lost during passaging and could not be re-cultured, one could not be identified by the applied approaches, and the remaining 3 strains were identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus hominis (co-colonized with Macrococcus caseolyticus) and Staphylococcus cohnii, respectively. The application of the selective agar CHROMagar MRSA alone proved to be too non-specific to allow for a reliable diagnosis of the presence of MRSA. The combined use of two selective agars in a stepwise approach reduced this non-specificity with an acceptably low loss of sensitivity. Accordingly, such a stepwise screening approach might be an option for resource-restricted military medical field camps.
Access to Clean Water and Sanitation Pose 21st-Century Challenge for Millions
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Earlier this year Epidemiologists from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found a silver lining in the midst of a cholera outbreak they were investigating in Zambia’s capital city Lusaka. They discovered that up to 25% of the city’s households use a low-tech lowcost method to disinfect and safely store water for drinking bathing food preparation and hygiene. “That’s a great success—a large segment of the population is using this preventive measure” says Pavani Kalluri MD a medical epidemiologist at the CDC as she discuses the Safe Water System (SWS). But the program’s success is not measured only in terms of how many households have adopted it. A host of collaborators from large international organizations to health ministers and local entrepreneurs joined the CDC in the field to test the Safe Water System launch it nationally and use social marketing efforts to convince Zambians of the vast benefits of safe water. The Safe Water System illustrates how the developed world’s financial and technical resources can work in tandem with local authorities in resource poor nations where millions become ill and die each year from waterborne diseases. Now one of the main questions facing government officials and public health and development experts is how to galvanize more of these diverse partnerships as a way to meet international goals for clean water and adequate sanitation.  (excerpt)
Interventions for Hypochondriasis in Primary Care
Authors: Paula M Trief
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Activation of the developmental pathway neurogenin-3/microRNA-7a regulates cholangiocyte proliferation in response to injury
Authors: Marco Marzioni, Laura Agostinelli, Cinzia Candelaresi, Stefania Saccomanno, Samuele De Minicis, Luca Maroni, Eleonora Mingarelli, Chiara Rychlicki, Luciano Trozzi, Jesus M. Banales, Antonio Benedetti, Gianluca Svegliati Baroni
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

The activation of the biliary stem-cell signaling pathway hairy and enhancer of split 1/pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (Hes-1/PDX-1) in mature cholangiocytes determines cell proliferation. Neurogenin-3 (Ngn-3) is required for pancreas development and ductal cell neogenesis. PDX-1-dependent activation of Ngn-3 initiates the differentiation program by inducing microRNA (miR)−7 expression. Here we investigated the role Ngn-3 on cholangiocyte proliferation. Expression levels of Ngn-3 and miR-7 isoforms were tested in cholangiocytes from normal and cholestatic human livers. Ngn-3 was knocked-down in vitro in normal rat cholangiocytes by short interfering RNA (siRNA). In vivo , wild-type and Ngn-3-heterozygous (+/−) mice were subjected to 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) feeding (a model of sclerosing cholangitis) or bile duct ligation (BDL). In the liver, Ngn-3 is expressed specifically in cholangiocytes of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) patients and in mice subjected to DDC or BDL, but not in normal human and mouse livers. Expression of miR-7a-1 and miR-7a-2 isoforms, but not miR-7b, was increased in DDC cholangiocytes compared to normal ones. In normal rat cholangiocytes, siRNA against Ngn-3 blocked the proliferation stimulated by exendin-4. In addition, Ngn-3 knockdown neutralized the overexpression of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF1; promitotic effector) observed after exposure to exendin-4, but not that of PDX-1 or VEGF-A/C. Oligonucleotides anti-miR-7 inhibited the exendin-4-induced proliferation in normal rat cholangiocytes, but did not affect Ngn-3 synthesis. Biliary hyperplasia and collagen deposition induced by DDC or BDL were significantly reduced in Ngn-3 +/− mice compared to wild-type. Conclusion : Ngn-3-dependent activation of miR-7a is a determinant of cholangiocyte proliferation. These findings indicate that the reacquisition of a molecular profile typical of organ development is essential for the biological response to injury by mature cholangiocytes. (Hepatology 2014;60:1324–1335)
Modulatory Effects of CD14+CD16++ Monocytes on CD14++CD16− Monocytes: A Possible Explanation of Monocyte Alterations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: C. Burbano, G. Vasquez, M. Rojas
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

In various chronic inflammatory processes, both the proportion and numbers of monocyte subsets are altered. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), this has not been clearly determined. The monocyte subpopulations in patients with SLE, patients with other autoimmune diseases, and healthy controls were evaluated. The effects of nonclassic monocytes and apoptotic cells (ACs) on the differentiation and function of CD14++CD16- monocytes were also studied.Monocyte subpopulations derived from the blood samples of SLE patients (n = 88), patients with other autoimmune diseases (n = 37), and healthy control subjects (n = 61) were separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. To evaluate the effect of CD14+CD16++ monocytes and ACs on the differentiation of CD14++CD16- monocytes, we developed a coculture model of highly purified sorted monocyte subpopulations, which were reconstituted with defined proportions of CD14++CD16- and CD14+CD16++ monocytes in the presence or absence of ACs. After differentiation into macrophages, CD3+ lymphocytes were added, and the proliferating cells and CD3+IFNγ+ cells were evaluated. A cytokine bead array panel was used to test the coculture supernatants.There was a reduction in CD14+CD16++ monocytes in patients with active SLE. Monocytes from SLE patients had decreased expression of HLA-DR and decreased ability to bind and phagocytize ACs. In healthy controls, but not SLE patients, treatment with macrophages derived from CD14+CD16++ monocytes reduced T cell proliferation and proliferating CD3+IFNγ+ cells and increased the accumulation of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and IL-1β.Our findings show that CD14+CD16++ monocytes, a population that is reduced and nonfunctional in SLE patients, have modulatory effects on CD14++CD16- monocytes and T cells.
Supramolecular Hydrogels Based on Cyclodextrin Poly(Pseudo)Rotaxane for New and Emerging Biomedical Applications
Authors: Jin Huang, Jing Hao, Debbie P. Anderson, Peter R. Chang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Fabrication of Cyclodextrin Poly(pseudo)Rotaxane-Based Hydrogels Stimulus-Response Properties of Cyclodextrin Poly(pseudo)Rotaxane Based Hydrogels Nanocomposite Supramolecular Hydrogels Biomedical Application of Cyclodextrin Poly(pseudo)Rotaxane-Based Hydrogels Conclusions and Prospects
Abstract 14878: Relationship of Serum Erythropoietin Level to Clinical Outcome in Acute Heart Failure Patients without Anemia
Authors: Takehiro Homma, Toshiyuki Nagai, Yasuo Sugano, Takafumi Yamane, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Kenji Nakamura, Naotsugu Iwakami, Daigo Chinen, Yasuhide Asaumi, Takeshi Aiba, Teruo Noguchi, Kengo Kusano, Masaharu Ishihara, Hisao Ogawa, Satoshi Yasuda, Toshihisa Anzai
Journal: Circulation (2014)

BACKGROUND: Elevation of serum erythropoietin (EPO) level is frequently observed in heart failure (HF) patients, and higher serum EPO level has been reported to be associated with worse clinical outcome in chronic HF. However, serum EPO level was highly influenced by the presence of anemia and its prognostic significance in acute HF (AHF) patients without anemia remains unknown. METHODS: We examined 320 consecutive AHF patients who admitted to our institution between January 2013 and January 2014 from prospective registry. Patients who had anemia defined as a hemoglobin concentration &lt; 13g/dl (males) and &lt;12 g/dl (females) based on the WHO criteria, acute coronary syndrome and without complete data-set at admission were excluded. Finally, 92 patients were divided into two groups according to higher serum EPO level (above 25.7 mIU/ml, the median) or lower serum EPO level (below 25.7 mIU/ml) at admission. Adverse events were defined as worsening HF and death within 90 days after admission. RESULTS: Adverse events were occurred in 10 patients (11 %). Higher EPO group had significantly higher incidence of adverse events compared with lower EPO group (19.6% vs 10.9%, P&lt;0.01, Figure). Patients with higher EPO level had higher serum creatinine and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels on admission than those without. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, oxygen saturation, NYHA class, cardiovascular medications, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), reticulocyte count on admission. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that higher serum EPO level (OR 10.6, 95% CI 1.7-204.9, P&lt;0.01) was an independent determinant for adverse events within 90 days after admission, among variables including age, gender, LVEF, serum creatinine, hemoglobin and plasma BNP levels on admission. CONCLUSIONS: Higher serum EPO level might be a predictor for worse short-term clinical outcome in AHF patients without anemia.
The temporal and spatial distribution of p21WAF expression in skin appendages
Authors: Y-Y. Wu, M. Takata, I. Rehman, J.L. Rees
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article The temporal and spatial distribution of p21WAF expression in skin appendages Get access Y‐Y. Wu, Y‐Y. Wu Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Takata, M. Takata Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Rehman, I. Rehman Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L. Rees J.L. Rees Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K. Professor Jonathan Rees. E‐mail: jonathan.rees@ed.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 142, Issue 4, 1 April 2000, Pages 694–701, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03414.x Published: 01 April 2000
THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Standiford Helm, Bayard T. Horton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1939)

Article1 March 1939THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES MELLITUSSTANDIFORD HELM, M.D., BAYARD T. HORTON, M.D., F.A.C.P.STANDIFORD HELM, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, BAYARD T. HORTON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-12-9-1493 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThough thrombo-angiitis obliterans is a comparatively rare disease, the association of this condition with diabetes mellitus is still rarer. Only seven cases, as revealed by a search of the literature, have been reported. Five of these have been seen at The Mayo Clinic, Adams1 having reported one in 1930 and one of us (Horton) and Allan2 four in 1934. The other two cases were reported by Davidson3 and Delbet,4 respectively, but although both patients were males, the diagnosis in both cases, from the standpoint of the occlusive arterial disease, was questionable.Davidson's patient was 65 years of age when first...References1. ADAMS SF: A case of diabetes mellitus with thrombo-angiitis obliterans, Med. Clin. North Am., 1930, xiv, 581-583. Google Scholar2. HORTONALLAN BTFN: Thrombo-angiitis obliterans of patients with diabetes, ANN. INT. MED., 1934, vii, 799-804. Google Scholar3. DAVIDSON HS: Diabetes mellitus and thrombo-angiitis obliterans in the same patient, Jr. Med. Soc. New Jersey, 1931, xxviii, 570-571. Google Scholar4. DELBET P: Gangrène sèche du membre inférieur chez un maladie diabétique et syphilitique. A propos de la maladie de Buerger (thrombo-angéite oblitérante), Rev. gén. de clin. et de thérap., 1927, xli, 659-661. Google Scholar5. BERNHARD A: Summary of the chemical blood findings in thrombo-angiitis obliterans, Med. Rec., 1920, xcvii, 430-431. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, Minnesota*Submitted for publication February 4, 1938. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRecent Updates and Advances in Winiwarter-Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans): Biomolecular Mechanisms, Diagnostics and Clinical Consequences 1 March 1939Volume 12, Issue 9Page: 1493-1498KeywordsDiabetes mellitus Issue Published: 1 March 1939 PDF downloadLoading ...
Enhanced surveillance of influenza A(H1N1)v in Greece during the containment phase
Authors: T Lytras, G Theocharopoulos, S Tsiodras, A Mentis, T Panagiotopoulos, S Bonovas, None the influenza surveillance report group
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Following the emergence of a novel influenza virus (influenza A(H1N1)v) with pandemic potential in late April 2009, public health measures were put in place in an effort to contain disease spread in Greece. These included enhanced surveillance of infections due to influenza A(H1N1)v virus, in order to continuously ascertain the situation and guide further public health action. On 15 July, Greece moved to mitigation phase. This report summarises surveillance findings in Greece during the delaying (or containment) phase, from 30 April to 14 July 2009.
Drug Importation Debate
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2711: CARP-1 functional mimetics are a novel class of small molecule inhibitors of malignant pleural mesothelioma cells
Authors: Shazia Jamal, Vino T. Cheriyan, Magesh Muthu, Sara Munie, Edi Levi, Abdelkader E. Ashour, Harvey I. Pass, Anil Wali, Mandip Singh, Arun K. Rishi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related thoracic malignancy that is characterized by late metastases, and resistance to therapeutic modalities. The toxic side-effects of MPM therapies often limit their clinical effectiveness, thus necessitating development of new agents to effectively treat and manage this disease in clinic. CARP-1 functional mimetics (CFMs) are a novel class of compounds that inhibit growth of diverse cancer cell types. Here we investigated MPM cell growth suppression by the CFMs and the molecular mechanisms involved. CFM-1, -4, and -5 inhibited MPM cell growth, in vitro, in part by stimulating apoptosis. Apoptosis by CFM-4 involved activation of pro-apoptotic stress-activated kinases (SAPKs) p38 and JNK, elevated CARP-1 expression, cleavage of PARP1, and loss of the oncogene c-myc as well as mitotic cyclin B1. Treatments of MPM cells with CFM-4 resulted in depletion of NF-κB signaling inhibitor ABIN1 and Inhibitory κB (IκB)α and β, while increasing expression of pro-apoptotic death receptor (DR) 4 protein. CFM-4 enhanced expression of serine-phosphorylated podoplanin and cleavage of vimetin. CFMs also attenuated biological properties of the MPM cells by blocking their abilities to migrate, form colonies in suspension, and invade through the matrix-coated membranes. Both podoplanin and vimentin regulate processes of cell motility and invasion, and their expression often correlates with metastatic disease, and poor prognosis. The fact that phosphorylation of serines in the cytoplasmic domain of podoplanin interferes with processes of cellular motility, CFM-4-dependent elevated phosphorylated podoplanin and cleavage of vimentin underscore a metastasis inhibitory property of these compounds, and suggest that CFMs and/or their future analogs have potential as anti-MPM agents. Citation Format: Shazia Jamal, Vino T. Cheriyan, Magesh Muthu, Sara Munie, Edi Levi, Abdelkader E. Ashour, Harvey I. Pass, Anil Wali, Mandip Singh, Arun K. Rishi. CARP-1 functional mimetics are a novel class of small molecule inhibitors of malignant pleural mesothelioma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2711. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2711
Public supports preimplantation genetic diagnosis for couples at risk
Authors: Alex Vass
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Policies have been introduced to reduce sickness absence, but their effectiveness is largely unknown. In a natural experiment, we examined effects of legislative changes on return to work and work participation. <h3>Methods</h3> The source population consisted of up to 72 164 Finnish public sector employees with a permanent job contract in 2008–2011 (before) and in 2013–2014 (after). We used employees with a continuous sickness absence of at least 30 calendar-days (n=5708–6393), 60 compensated days (n=1481–1655) and 90 compensated days (n=766–932). We examined sustainable return to work (a minimum of 28 consecutive working days) with survival analysis as well as monthly work participation after a sickness absence, and annual gain in work participation after the intervention, using trajectory analyses. <h3>Results</h3> Sustainable return to work after 60 days of sickness absence occurred earlier after the legislative changes (p value 0.017), although the effect reduced towards the end of the follow-up. There were no differences in return to work after a 30 or 90 days of sickness absence. The largest annual gain, postintervention versus preintervention, in monthly work participation was observed among employees with 60 days of sickness absence and was 230.9 person-years/10 000 employees. The corresponding annual gains among those with 30 days and 90 days of sickness absence were 51.8 and 39.6, respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings suggest that the legislative changes, obligating early notification of prolonged sickness absences as well as assessment of remaining work ability and possibilities to continue working, may enhance sustainable return to work in the short term. Other measures will be needed to enhance work participation, especially in the long term.