tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
1045. Targeted Elimination of the Brain Tumor Initiating Cell Population with Adoptively Transferred T Cells
Authors: Christine E. Brown, Renate Starr, Dorota Korta, Brenda Aguilar, Michael C. Jensen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The cancer stem cell hypothesis suggests that neoplastic clones are maintained exclusively by a rare fraction of cells with stem cell properties, which include the ability to proliferate, self-renew, and to exhibit multi-lineage differentiation. Human brain tumors have been shown to consist of a subset of cells identified by the cell- surface marker CD133 that exhibit stem cell-like properties, and which can drive tumor formation. We have isolated and expanded the CD133+ cancer stem cell (CSC) population from primary human brain tumors and have demonstrated that these cells do exhibit stem cell like properties: 1) grow in neurophere-like clusters in and EGF and FGF dependent manner; 2) self-renew in vitro in a CD133- dependent manner to reform secondary neurospheres 3) express stem cell markers such as SOX2, OCT3/4, and Nanog; 4) differentiate to express lineage specific markers such as GFAP; and 5) form tumors in nod-SCID mice with implantation of as few as 100 cells. These low passage primary CSC neurosphere cultures form highly invasive tumors in nod-scid mice. We are currently investigating the immunobiology of targeting CSC xenografts with CTLs engineered to target and eliminate IL13Rα2+ glioma cells.
The Transmission of Schizophrenia
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1969)

After years of relative neglect, schizophrenia is finally receiving research effort and money. However, the investigators are still uncertain how to define schizophrenia, and differ widely in their approach. Some seek the cause, others the cure. Some study statistics, some work in biochemical laboratories, some devise psychological tests; a few even observe patients and their families. Recently, the Foundations' Fund supported a conference at which investigators discussed the transmission of schizophrenia. The editors, who evidently planned the conference and selected the members, explain that they use the word "transmission" instead of "etiology" because the evidence to date "is concerned with how schizophrenic disorder is passed on to members of a family, class or culture, rather than with immediate and specific causes." Seven papers are presented on genetics, including a critical review of the literature, three of twins, and a genealogic study in Iceland where genealogy could be traced for seven
Patients’ attitudes to the summary care record and HealthSpace: qualitative study
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh, Gary W Wood, Tanja Bratan, Katja Stramer, Susan Hinder
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To document the views of patients and the public towards the summary care record (SCR, a centrally stored medical record drawn from the general practice record) and HealthSpace (a personal health organiser accessible through the internet from which people can view their SCR), with a particular focus on those with low health literacy, potentially stigmatising conditions, or difficulties accessing health care. <b>Design</b> 103 semistructured individual interviews and seven focus groups. <b>Setting</b> Three early adopter primary care trusts in England where the SCR and HealthSpace are being piloted. All were in areas of relative socioeconomic deprivation. <b>Participants</b> Individual participants were recruited from general practice surgeries, walk-in centres, out of hours centres, and accident and emergency departments. Participants in focus groups were recruited through voluntary sector organisations; they comprised advocates of vulnerable groups and advocates of people who speak limited English; people with HIV; users of mental health services; young adults; elderly people; and participants of a drug rehabilitation programme. <b>Methods</b> Participants were asked if they had received information about the SCR and HealthSpace and about their views on shared electronic records in different circumstances. <b>Results</b> Most people were not aware of the SCR or HealthSpace and did not recall receiving information about it. They saw both benefits and drawbacks to having an SCR and described a process of weighing the former against the latter when making their personal choice. Key factors influencing this choice included the nature of any illness (especially whether it was likely to lead to emergency care needs); past and present experience of healthcare and government surveillance; the person's level of engagement and health literacy; and their trust and confidence in the primary healthcare team and the wider NHS. Overall, people with stigmatising illness were more positive about the SCR than people who claimed to speak for "vulnerable groups." Misconceptions about the SCR were common, especially confusion about what data it contained and who would have access to it. Most people were not interested in recording their medical data or accessing their SCR via HealthSpace, but some saw the potential for this new technology to support self management and lay care for those with chronic illness. <b>Conclusion</b> Despite an extensive information programme in early adopter sites, the public remains unclear about current policy on shared electronic records, though most people view these as a positive development. The "implied consent" model for creating and accessing a person's SCR should be revisited, perhaps in favour of "consent to view" at the point of access.
On the Pathology of Psoriasis
Authors: G. Thin
Journal: BMJ (1881)

PSORIASIS is a disease of the skin, in which white masses of epidermic scales are attached, more or less firmly, to a ieddish vascular base.When the scales are removed by the fingcr-nails (as they easily can be), small drops of blood ooze from this vascular surface.These two ap- pearances-the heaps of epidermis and the highly vascular papillary ' ;
Does This Patient Have Myasthenia Gravis?
Authors: Katalin Scherer
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Clinicians must be able to diagnose myasthenia gravis, since delays in establishing the diagnosis may put patients at risk for complications from this treatable disease.To determine if items in the history and examination or results of simple tests change the likelihood of myasthenia gravis as a diagnosis.MEDLINE search of English-language articles (January 1966-January 2005) using the terms myasthenia gravis, diagnosis, and test, and a search of bibliographies of retrieved articles.Studies evaluating a particular symptom or sign in patients both with and without myasthenia gravis. Of 640 articles retrieved, 33 were eligible for review. Of these, 15 met inclusion criteria and form the basis of this review.Two authors independently reviewed each study to determine eligibility, abstracted data using a standardized instrument, and classified study quality using previously published criteria.A history of "speech becoming unintelligible during prolonged speaking" and the presence of the peek sign increase the likelihood of myasthenia gravis (likelihood ratio [LR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-17.0 and LR, 30.0; 95% CI, 3.2-278.0, respectively). Their absence does not significantly reduce the likelihood of myasthenia gravis. The identified studies only assessed 1 other historical feature and sign each ("food remaining in the mouth after swallowing" and quiver eye movements, respectively), and neither of these significantly changes the likelihood of myasthenia. The ice test is useful when the response is abnormal (summary positive LR, 24.0; 95% CI, 8.5-67.0) and diminishes the likelihood of myasthenia gravis when the response is normal (summary negative LR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.09-0.27). A positive response to an anticholinesterase medication (mainly edrophonium test) increases the probability of a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (summary positive LR, 15.0; 95% CI, 7.5-31.0), and a negative response reduces the diagnostic probability of myasthenia (summary negative LR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.06-0.21). An abnormal sleep test result is useful in confirming the diagnosis (LR, 53.0; 95% CI, 3.4-832.0). The rest and sleep tests make the probability of myasthenia unlikely when results are normal (LR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29-0.95 and LR, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00-0.16, respectively).Items in the history and physical examination along with results of certain simple tests performed in the office (ice test, sleep test, and edrophonium test) are useful in predicting the likelihood of myasthenia gravis. These results must be interpreted with caution, however, given the high prevalence of disease in the populations reported in clinical studies. This review is limited by the small number of signs and symptoms scientifically studied and reported in the literature. Future studies evaluating the value of common historical features and easy maneuvers commonly known and practiced by experts in the clinical diagnosis of myasthenia are needed.
Site dependency of fatty acid composition in adipose triacylglycerol in rats and its absence as a result of high-fat feeding
Authors: Daisuke Sato, Takao Nakamura, Kazuhiko Tsutsumi, Go Shinzawa, Toru Karimata, Takahiro Okawa, Zhonggang Feng, Masataka Kusunoki
Journal: Metabolism (2011)
Evidence for direct local effect of angiotensin in vascular hypertrophy. In vivo gene transfer of angiotensin converting enzyme.
Authors: R Morishita, G H Gibbons, K E Ellison, W Lee, L Zhang, H Yu, Y Kaneda, T Ogihara, V J Dzau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

In vitro studies have demonstrated that angiotensin (Ang) II directly stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth. However, it is still unclear if Ang II exerts a direct effect on vascular hypertrophy in vivo independent of its effect on blood pressure. In vivo gene transfer provides the opportunity to assess the effects of increased activity of the vascular angiotensin system in the intact animal while avoiding an increase in circulating angiotensin or in blood pressure. Accordingly, we transfected the human angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) vector into intact rat carotid arteries by the hemagglutinating virus of Japan-liposome method. 3 d after transfection, we detected increased ACE activity in the transfected artery. Immunohistochemistry localized immunoreactive ACE in the medial VSMC as well as in the intimal endothelial cells. The increase in vascular ACE activity was associated with a parallel increase in DNA synthesis as assessed by BrdU (bromo-deoxyuridine) index and vascular DNA content. This increase in DNA synthesis was abolished by the in vivo administration of an Ang II receptor-specific antagonist (DuP 753). Morphometry at 2 wk after transfection revealed an increase in the wall to lumen ratio of the ACE-transfected blood vessel as compared with control vector transfected vessels. This was accompanied by increases in protein and DNA contents without an increase in cell number. Local transfection of ACE vector did not result in systemic effects such as increased blood pressure, heart rate, or serum ACE activity. These morphological changes were abolished by the administration of the Ang II receptor antagonist. In this study, we used in vivo gene transfer to increase local expression of vascular angiotensin converting enzyme and provided proof that increased autocrine/paracrine angiotensin can directly cause vascular hypertrophy independent of systemic factors and hemodynamic effects. This approach has important potentials for defining the role of autocrine/paracrine substances in vascular biology and hypertension.
Functional and Metabolic Evaluation of the Athlete’s Heart By Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Dobutamine Stress Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Babette M. Pluim, Hildo J. Lamb, Hein W. M. Kayser, Ferre Leujes, Hugo P. Beyerbacht, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Arnoud van der Laarse, Hubert W. Vliegen, Albert de Roos, Ernst E. van der Wall
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The question of whether training-induced left ventricular hypertrophy in athletes is a physiological rather than a pathophysiological phenomenon remains unresolved. The purpose of the present study was to detect any abnormalities in cardiac function in hypertrophic hearts of elite cyclists and to examine the response of myocardial high-energy phosphate metabolism to high workloads induced by atropine-dobutamine stress. Methods and Results —We studied 21 elite cyclists and 12 healthy control subjects. Left ventricular mass, volume, and function were determined by cine MRI. Myocardial high-energy phosphates were examined by 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. There were no significant differences between cyclists and control subjects for left ventricular ejection fraction (59±5% versus 61±4%), left ventricular cardiac index (3.4±0.4 versus 3.4±0.4 L · min −1 · m −2 ), peak early filling rate (562±93 versus 535±81 mL/s), peak atrial filling rate (315±93 versus 333±65 mL/s), ratio of early and atrial filling volumes (3.0±1.0 versus 2.6±0.6), mean acceleration gradient of early filling (5.2±1.4 versus 5.8±1.9 L/s 2 ), mean deceleration gradient of early filling(−3.1±0.9 versus −3.2±0.7 L/s 2 ), mean acceleration gradient of atrial filling (3.6±1.8 versus 4.5±1.7 L/s 2 ), and atrial filling fraction (0.23±0.06 versus 0.26±0.04, respectively). Cyclists and control subjects showed similar decreases in the ratio of myocardial phosphocreatine to ATP measured with 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy during atropine-dobutamine stress (1.41±0.20 versus 1.41±0.18 at rest to 1.21±0.20 versus 1.16±0.13 during stress, both P =NS). Conclusions —Left ventricular hypertrophy in cyclists is not associated with significant abnormalities of cardiac function or metabolism as assessed by MRI and spectroscopy. These observations suggest that training-induced left ventricular hypertrophy in cyclists is predominantly a physiological phenomenon.
Medical manpower help to Third-world countries
Authors: D. Ikedife
Journal: BMJ (1981)

admonished their GP.This provided strong indication of a need for specialists, the acknowledged experts in their technical field, to re-evaluate their approach to patients and by doing so include a more open exploration of the psychosocial issues which cause patients concern.We believe that these findings are most relevant to "dealing with the disadvantaged," who, it would appear, may feel inhibited in their encounters with the medical profession, especially those at consultant level.
Methods for Disinfection of Hands and Operation Sites
Authors: E. J. L. Lowbury, H. A. Lilly, J. P. Bull
Journal: BMJ (1964)

In previous studies we compared the relative value of alternative methods for disinfecting the hands of nurses and surgeons and the skin of operation sites, but a number of relevant questions were not considered. For disinfection of the operation site alcoholic solutions of chlorhexidine (0.5%) and iodine (1%) were found to be equally effective and superior to a number of other agents (Lowbury, Lilly, and Bull, 1960), but we did not include laurolinium acetate, which was later reported by Verd?n (1961) to be more effective than nine other antiseptic prepara tions, including 1 % iodine in alcohol ; nor did we examine the removal of spore-bearing organisms. In studies on the disinfection of hands we confirmed the cumulative effect of
Postnatal growth and health in children born after cryopreservation as embryos
Authors: Ulla-Britt Wennerholm, Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland, Christina Bergh, Lars Hamberger, Aimon Niklasson, Lars Nilsson, Klara Thiringer, Margareta Wennergren, Matts Wikland, Magnus P Borres
Journal: The Lancet (1998)
Waiting lists for cardiac surgery.
Authors: C A Layton
Journal: BMJ (1978)

heart size decreased after discontinuation of digoxin, contrary to expectations.These observations underline the inherent dangers of digitalis therapy, especially in coronary heart disease and respiratory in- sufficiency.It seems important to make sure that the only patients who are allowed to go on taking digoxin are those who otherwise would deteriorate clinically.At the moment the only way to achieve this goal is to discontinue the drug under conditions enabling close observation of the patients.
Total Bilateral Ureteral Replacement for Stenosing Ureteritis in Henoch&amp;ndash;Sch&amp;ouml;nlein Purpura
Authors: Christian Pfister, Agn&egrave;s Liard-Zmuda, Jean-Nicolas Dacher, Daniel Dubois, Philippe Grise, Paul Mitrofanoff
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Prognostic factors at relapse for adults with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Dorothy L. Uhlman, Clara D. Bloomfield, David D. Hurd, Bruce A. Peterson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract To identify prognostic factors for patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse we have analyzed the courses of 57 patients undergoing intensive reinduction therapy. The median duration of first remission was 9 months. A second complete remission was achieved by 31 patients (54%). The median duration of second remission was 5 months (range 1‐142 + months). Two patients are still disease‐free with 42 months and 142 months follow‐up. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment variables at the time of original diagnosis and at relapse were examined for possible associations with the outcome of reinduction chemotherapy. Only duration of first remission consistently correlated with ability to achieve a second remission, second remission duration, and overall survival from reinduction. The second complete remission rate was 69% for those with a first remission longer than 9 months but only 39% for those with a first remission less than 9 months ( P &lt; 0.05). The patients with longer first remissions also had longer second remissions (8 months median vs. 4 months, P = 0.02) and a longer median survival following reinduction chemotherapy (8 months vs. 5 months, P = 0.02). We conclude that the duration of a patient's first remission should be considered a useful prognostic factor both in treatment planning and in the interpretation of clinical trials of patients in relapse.
ACC/AHA/SCAI/AMA–Convened PCPI/NCQA 2013 Performance Measures for Adults Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Carl L. Tommaso, H. Vernon Anderson, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Joseph C. Cleveland, R. Adams Dudley, Peter Louis Duffy, David P. Faxon, Hitinder S. Gurm, Lawrence A. Hamilton, Neil C. Jensen, Richard A. Josephson, David J. Malenka, Calin V. Maniu, Kevin W. McCabe, James D. Mortimer, Manesh R. Patel, Stephen D. Persell, John S. Rumsfeld, Kendrick A. Shunk, Sidney C. Smith, Stephen J. Stanko, Brook Watts
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Oncogenic Ras Sensitizes Normal Human Cells to Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Alexandre Nesterov, Malti Nikrad, Thomas Johnson, Andrew S. Kraft
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor-α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a cytotoxic cytokine that induces apoptosis in tumor cells but rarely kills normal ones. To determine how normal human cells acquire TRAIL-sensitive phenotype during the process of malignant transformation, we used an experimental system that allows for controlled conversion of human cells from normal to cancerous by introduction of several genes. Human embryonic kidney cells and foreskin fibroblasts were first immortalized by combination of the early region of simian virus 40 and telomerase and then were transformed with oncogenic Ras. Both normal and immortalized cells were resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, whereas Ras-transformed cells were susceptible. Ras transformation enhanced TRAIL-induced activation of caspase 8 by increasing its recruitment to TRAIL receptors. The proapoptotic effects of Ras could be reversed by mutations in its effector loop or by inhibitors of either farnesyl transferase or mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. The expression of constitutively activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 enhanced caspase 8 recruitment and sensitized immortalized human embryonic kidney cells to TRAIL-induced death. These results indicate that in normal human cells the TRAIL-induced apoptotic signal is blocked at the level of caspase 8 recruitment and that this block can be eliminated by Ras transformation, involving activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
Yin and yang interplay of IFN-γ in inflammation and autoimmune disease
Authors: Jingwu Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

IFN-γ has long been recognized as a signature proinflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in inflammation and autoimmune disease. There is now emerging evidence indicating that IFN-γ possesses unexpected properties as a master regulator of immune responses and inflammation. In this issue of the JCI, Guillonneau et al. show that indefinite allograft survival induced by CD40Ig treatment is mediated by CD8+CD45RClow T cells through the production of IFN-γ (see the related article beginning on page 1096), supporting the emerging view that IFN-γ is critical in the self-regulation of inflammation. These contradictory roles of IFN-γ, perhaps best understood by the principle of yin and yang, represent one of nature’s paradoxes, whereby the same cytokine functions as an inducer as well as a regulator for inflammation. Understanding this complex process of IFN-γ signaling is essential, as it has therapeutic implications.
A scanning electron microscope study of the effects of uniaxial tension on human skin
Authors: IAN A. BROWN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article A scanning electron microscope study of the effects of uniaxial tension on human skin Get access IAN A. BROWN IAN A. BROWN Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue 4, 1 October 1973, Pages 383–393, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb02993.x Published: 01 October 1973 Article history Accepted: 13 March 1973 Published: 01 October 1973
Rates of Latent Tuberculosis in Health Care Staff in Russia
Authors: Francis Drobniewski, Yanina Balabanova, Elena Zakamova, Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy, Ivan Fedorin
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Russia is one of 22 high burden tuberculosis (TB) countries. Identifying individuals, particularly health care workers (HCWs) with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and determining the rate of infection, can assist TB control through chemoprophylaxis and improving institutional cross-infection strategies. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and determine the relative risks and risk factors for infection, within a vertically organised TB service in a country with universal bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination.We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for LTBI among unexposed students, minimally exposed medical students, primary care health providers, and TB hospital health providers in Samara, Russian Federation. We used a novel in vitro assay (for gamma-interferon [IFN-gamma]) release to establish LTBI and a questionnaire to address risk factors. LTBI was seen in 40.8% (107/262) of staff and was significantly higher in doctors and nurses (39.1% [90/230]) than in students (8.7% [32/368]) (relative risk [RR] 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1-6.5) and in TB service versus primary health doctors and nurses: respectively 46.9% (45/96) versus 29.3% (34/116) (RR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.3). There was a gradient of LTBI, proportional to exposure, in medical students, primary health care providers, and TB doctors: respectively, 10.1% (24/238), 25.5% (14/55), and 55% (22/40). LTBI was also high in TB laboratory workers: 11/18 (61.1%).IFN-gamma assays have a useful role in screening HCWs with a high risk of LTBI and who are BCG vaccinated. TB HCWs were at significantly higher risk of having LTBI. Larger cohort studies are needed to evaluate the individual risks of active TB development in positive individuals and the effectiveness of preventive therapy based on IFN-gamma test results.