tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dissolving sugar helps nerve regeneration
Authors: Abi Berger
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Nerve regeneration after brain or spinal cord injury can be improved by dissolving the sugar chains found on the inhibitory protein molecules that fill the scar tissue. Neuroscientists at the Brain Repair Centre in Cambridge have discovered that by using a bacterial enzyme to dissolve the sugar they can significantly improve the regeneration of neurones ( Nature Neuroscience 2001;4:465-6).

One of the reasons that neurones do not grow back after an acute injury is that the glial cell scar tissue becomes full of inhibitory molecules called chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans. …
The BCL2 Targeted Deoxyribonucleic Acid Inhibitor (DNAi) PNT2258 Is Active in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Wael A. Harb, Nehal Lakhani, Ana Logsdon, Mary Steigelman, Heidi Smith-Green, Shari Gaylor, Wendi Rodrigueza, Michael Woolliscroft, Mina Sooch, Richard A. Messmann, Ayad Al-Katib
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 17681: Functional Role of Slc26a6 in the Regulation of Cardiac Excitability
Authors: Richard E Myers, Hannah Ledford, Victor C Lau, Hyo Jeong Kim, Catherine Kim, Xiao-Dong Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  One of the major knowledge gaps in cardiac physiology is the mechanism underlying the relatively high intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl − ] i ) in cardiomyocytes (~20-30 mM) compared to that in skeletal muscle (~4-5 mM) and the relative contribution of Cl −  to cardiac excitability. Due to the passive distribution of Cl −  through Cl − channels, the coupled inward Cl −  transport must exist in cardiomyocytes to maintain the relatively high [Cl − ] i . We recently identified and cloned the cardiac isoforms of a solute carrier, slc26a6. We demonstrated that slc26a6 mediated electrogenic Cl − /oxalate and Cl − /HCO 3  −  exchanges in both atrial and ventricular myocytes. Since slc26a6 is electrogenic, we hypothesize that the exchange activity may regulate cardiac excitability.   Methods and Results:  We recorded the resting membrane potential (RMP) and action potential (AP) in mouse ventricular myocytes using perforated patch-clamp and fast solution exchange techniques. A low extracellular Cl −  concentration ([Cl − ] o , 8 mM) hyperpolarized the RMP and the effect was reversible when the solution with high [Cl − ] o  (154 mM) was applied. The inhibition of slc26a6 hyperpolarized the RMP at high [Cl − ] o . Indeed, this observation cannot be explained by the passive Cl −  distribution across the cell membrane since the low [Cl − ] o  should depolarize the RMP if the resting Cl −  conductance is significant. Moreover, AP duration was shortened by low [Cl − ] o  which may be explained by the enhanced HCO 3  − influx coupled with the Cl −    efflux through slc26a6 with a stoichiometry of HCO 3  −    : Cl −    ≥ 2. We further tested the dose-dependent activation by oxalate because of the specific Cl − /oxalate exchange activities of cardiac slc26a6. The AP shortening by oxalate influx, as well as the [Cl − ] o -dependent changes of RMP suggest important functional roles of slc26a6 in the regulation of cardiac excitability.   Conclusion:  Cardiac slc26a6 participates in the regulation of cardiac excitability by affecting the Cl −  distribution across the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes through its electrogenic Cl − /HCO 3  −  exchange activities. This new insight helps to pave the way for the understanding of the roles of Cl −  in cardiac excitability.  Funded by AHA Western States Affiliate (14BGIA18870087 to XZ).
Abstract 17380: Nanoparticles-Mediated Delivery of Pioglitazone Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Antagonizing Monocyte-mediated Inflammation in Mice and Mini Pigs
Authors: Masaki Tokutome, Tetsuya Matoba, Yasuhiro Nakano, Kaku Nakano, Kenji Sunagawa, Kensuke Egashira
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Monocyte-mediated inflammation is a major mechanism of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury that hampers reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction (MI); however, no anti-inflammatory therapy has been developed in clinical settings. Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonist, has unique anti-inflammatory effects on monocytes. Here we tested the hypothesis that nanoparticle-mediated targeting of pioglitazone into IR heart ameliorates IR injury in preclinical animal models.

Methods and Results: We formulated poly(lactic acid/glycolic acid) nanoparticle containing pioglitazone (Pio-NP) and a fluorescence marker FITC (FITC-NP). In a mouse model of myocardial IR injury, intravenous administration of FITC-NP at the time of reperfusion yielded significantly higher FITC signals in the IR myocardium and in monocytes in the circulating blood IR heart. Intravenous treatment with Pio-NPs containing ≥0.1 mg/kg of pioglitazone at the time of reperfusion reduced IR injury, which was canceled by the pretreatment with PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (Fig. A). In contrast, pioglitazone solution at doses up to 3.0 mg/kg showed no therapeutic effects (Fig. A). Pio-NP, but not control nanoparticles, inhibited the recruitment of Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes into IR heart (Fig. B). Fluorescence molecular tomography for cathepsin B supported anti-inflammatory effects of Pio-NP in the IR heart (Fig. C). Pio-NP showed no therapeutic effects in mice lacking CCR2 (a receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). In a conscious mini-pig model of myocardial IR injury, Pio-NP induced cardioprotection from IR injury, indicating the pre-clinical proof of concept.

Conclusion: Nanoparticle-mediated targeting of pioglitazone into cardiomyocytes and inflammatory monocytes in IR heart can be developed as a novel modality that offers organ protection by antagonizing monocyte-mediated inflammation in acute MI.

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Impact of Toll-like receptor-4 and tumour necrosis factor gene polymorphisms in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: A. Savva, T. Kanni, G. Damoraki, A. Kotsaki, S. Giatrakou, I. Grech, A. Katoulis, E. Papadavid, E.J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Recent evidence has suggested that deranged immune responses play a role in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).To investigate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) genes in the physical course of HS; these genes encode for proteins implicated in the immune response of the host.DNA was isolated from 190 patients with HS and 84 healthy controls. SNPs at the promoter regions -376G/A, -238G/A and -308G/A of the TNF gene and the Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile SNPs of the TLR4 gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digestion of the PCR product by restriction enzymes; after electrophoresis on 2·0% agarose gel, products were visualized on under ultraviolet radiation.The presence of the -238 TNF gene polymorphism was associated with a predisposition to HS (P = 0·027). Susceptibility to the disease was strongly correlated with the presence of AGG/GGA/AGA/GAA TNF haplotypes in 32 (17%) patients compared with two (2%) controls (P < 0·001, odds ratio 8·30, 95% confidence interval 1·94-35·52). The frequency of HS exacerbations and disease severity were greater in patients carrying any of the GAG/AGG/GGA/AGA/GAA haplotypes of the TNF gene. Thirty-two patients were given TNF antagonists. Nineteen of these patients were carriers of the GGG haplotype of the TNF gene, whereas 13 were carriers of other haplotypes; favourable responses as evidenced by the Sartorius score were registered in 15 (79%) and five (38%, P = 0·025), respectively. Carriage of the TLR4 gene alleles was not associated with any disease parameter.A significant role of SNPs at the promoter region of the TNF gene is indicated for susceptibility to HS and for response to TNF antagonists.
Comparison of the uptake of methacrylate-based nanoparticles in static and dynamic in vitro systems as well as in vivo
Authors: Alexandra C Rinkenauer, Adrian T Press, Martin Raasch, Christian Pietsch, Simon Schweizer, Simon Schwörer, Karl L Rudolph, Alexander Mosig, Michael Bauer, Anja Traeger, Ulrich S Schubert
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
A memorable patient: The first of the fortunate
Authors: D. Scarfe
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The patient was a retired professional musician in his late 60s. He smoked and drank more than was good for him and had a particular penchant for brandy. He had had a discharging sinus on his left leg from chronic osteomyelitis for as long as anybody could remember.

“I was used as a guinea pig for testing penicillin when I was young,” he told me proudly one day.

“A hazard of living in Oxford,” I joked, thinking about the many requests for recruits for scientific studies that we receive in this small, university-dominated city.

My …
Infopoints: Managing information overload: developing an electronic directory
Authors: J. Lyons
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The benefits of the touch screen system in this trial may have been underestimated by contamination and high baseline levels of knowledge.Graham and colleagues rightly state that: "Like all new technologies, these devices should be subject to rigorous evaluation."With limited evidence of benefit for these expensive tools over well designed leaflets, they seem to fit best into the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) category C: for NHS use only in the context of rigorous research studies. 7
<i>PTCH1</i> expression at diagnosis predicts imatinib failure in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients in chronic phase
Authors: Juan M. Alonso‐Dominguez, Jacob Grinfeld, Mary Alikian, David Marin, Alistair Reid, Mustafa Daghistani, Corinne Hedgley, Stephen O'Brien, Richard E. Clark, Jane Apperley, Letizia Foroni, Gareth Gerrard
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib has revolutionized the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). However, around 25% of patients fail to sustain an adequate response. We sought to identify gene-expression biomarkers that could be used to predict imatinib response. The expression of 29 genes, previously implicated in CML pathogenesis, were measured by TaqMan Low Density Array in 73 CML patient samples. Patients were divided into low and high expression for each gene and imatinib failure (IF), probability of achieving CCyR, progression free survival and CML related OS were compared by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank. Results were validated in a second cohort of 56 patients, with a further technical validation using custom gene-expression assays in a conventional RT-qPCR in a sub-cohort of 37 patients. Patients with low PTCH1 expression showed a worse clinical response for all variables in all cohorts. PTCH1 was the most significant predictor in the multivariate analysis compared with Sokal, age and EUTOS. PTCH1 expression assay showed the adequate sensitivity, specificity and predictive values to predict for IF. Given the different treatments available for CML, measuring PTCH1 expression at diagnosis may help establish who will benefit best from imatinib and who is better selected for second generation TKI.
Basophil histamine release in children with adverse reactions to cow milk
Authors: P. Prahl, F. Krasilnikof, P. Stahl Skov, S. Norn
Journal: Allergy (1988)

Basophil histamine release was examined in 26 children suspected of having cow milk allergy (CMA). Following oral challenge with cow milk, the initial adverse reaction reappeared in 20 children, the majority developing urticaria. The urticaria patients showed a high degree of correlation between the results of histamine test, RAST and skin test. Children with gastrointestinal symptoms reacted to milk challenge, but only a few showed a positive histamine test, RAST and skin test. Among the patients with atopic dermatitis, the tests gave mostly negative results, which was in accordance with the lack of response to a milk challenge. The results obtained by removal from and fixation to the cell surface of IgE indicate an IgE-mediated reaction in CMA, which, in connection with the correlation between histamine test and RAST or skin test, suggests basophil histamine release as a suitable method for testing Type I allergy in children suspected of CMA.
A memorable patient: A headache to diagnose sometimes
Authors: P. Thatcher
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A 17 year old man was referred with a 12 hour history of generalised headache, mild photophobia, and a rash on his body that was macular and blanching. The rash, though not classic for bacterial meningitis, was developing “in front of my eyes.” The patient had a temperature of 37.4°C, no neck stiffness, and a negative Kernig's sign. There were no focal neurological signs. He seemed clinically well, talking and smiling with no great discomfort. His white cell …
Fighting Avian Flu
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Access to Essential Drugs in Poor Countries—Reply
Authors: Bernard Pécoul
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dash of Dissent on Salt Intake Advice
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Basic hip arthroplasty and basic knee arthroplasty
Authors: Simon Roberts
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The basic hip arthroplasty and basic knee arthroplasty courses are two separate courses organised by the University of Dundee’s Cuschieri Skills Centre and run at various locations in the United Kingdom. This report relates to the courses run at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. The courses are held on consecutive days and have similar daily programmes.

The courses are targeted at specialty trainees years 1-4 interested in orthopaedics who wish to further their understanding of the indications for total hip and knee arthroplasty and the applied anatomy and basic science. These courses would also be appropriate for people who want to become familiar with implant options and surgical techniques, and to develop practical skills in performing total hip and knee arthroplasty.

I enrolled …
Abstract 14803: Use of Real-Time Transesophageal Echocardiography to Improve Safety of Lead Extraction
Authors: Brett Oestreich, Bryan Ahlgren, Christine Tompkins, Paul Varosy, Tamas Seres, Ryan Aleong
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) carries a small but measurable risk of serious adverse events. Few studies have examined the potential benefit of continuous monitoring with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during this procedure. Objective: Evaluate the utility of TEE during TLE involving both conventional and laser lead removal. Methods: TEE was performed in 100 consecutive patients undergoing TLE. All patients underwent TLE in the operating room with general anesthesia and continuous TEE monitoring. TLE was attempted for 193 leads in 100 patients. Eighty patients required laser lead extraction (80%). Indications for extraction were device endocarditis (28), lead fracture (28), recalled lead (21), pocket infection (17), and other (6). Results: Sixty-seven patients were male and the average age was 56.96 +- 17.01 years. The average length since lead implant was 78±55.19 (1.4-274.43) months. Complete success occurred in 181 leads (94%), partial success in 4 leads (2%), and failure in 8 leads (4%). Major complications included right ventricle laceration (1) and right atrium/superior vena cava laceration (2) which resulted in detection and localization within 1-2 minutes and prompt surgical repair. Premature termination and unnecessary surgery were prevented in 4 patients with hypotension but no intracardiac abnormalities seen on TEE (Figure 1). There was one upper gastrointestinal bleed from the TEE probe (1). In-hospital mortality was 0%. Conclusion: In total the clinical management was changed in 7 patients (7%) based on real-time TEE monitoring helping to decrease the TLE related mortality and premature termination of the procedure. Figure 1 Monitoring with real time TEE prevented premature termination of cases with severe hypotension showing RV obstruction due to invagination of the free wall. RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle.
Clinical utility of stem cells for periodontal regeneration
Authors: Kim Hynes, Danijela Menicanin, Stan Gronthos, P. Mark Bartold
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2012)

Abstract The aim of this review is to discuss the clinical utility of stem cells in periodontal regeneration by reviewing relevant literature that assesses the periodontal‐regenerative potential of stem cells. We considered and described the main stem cell populations that have been utilized with regard to periodontal regeneration, including bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and the main dental‐derived mesenchymal stem cell populations: periodontal ligament stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla and dental follicle precursor cells. Research into the use of stem cells for tissue regeneration has the potential to significantly influence periodontal treatment strategies in the future.
Low-Dose Nilotinib and Imatinib Combination In CML Patients, With Failure, Suboptimal Response Or Treatment Intolerance To First Line Imatinib Treatment. A Pilot Study
Authors: David Gomez-Almaguer, Roxana Saldaña-Vázquez, Olga Graciela Cantú-Rodríguez, Cesar H Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Jose Carlos Jaime-Pérez, Luz C. Tarin-Arzaga
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 1412: Critical Role Of Extracellular Sod For Protecting The Heart Against Myocardial Hypertrophy And Dysfunction After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Elza D Deel, Zhongbing LU, Xin Xu, Guangshuo Zhu, Xinli Hu, John Fassett, Ping Zhang, Tim D Oury, Robert J Bache, Dirk J Duncker, Yingjie Chen
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Extracellular SOD ( SOD3 ) contributes only a small fraction to total SOD activity in the normal heart, but is strategically located to scavenge free radicals in the extracellular compartment. SOD3 expression is decreased in the failing heart, but whether SOD3 can abrogate oxidative stress or modify left ventricular (LV) remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) is unclear. To examine this question, we studied LV remodeling in SOD3 KO mice and wild type mice following MI. Under unstressed conditions, SOD3 KO had no effect on myocardial total SOD activity, SOD1 or SOD2 protein content, or myocardial nitrotyrosine or superoxide anion production, and caused no change in LV ejection fraction. However, 4 weeks or 8 weeks after MI, SOD3 KO mice developed more LV hypertrophy (8 weeks after MI, ventricular mass increased 1.64-fold in KO mice as compared to 1.35-fold in wild type mice, p&lt;0.01) and had a greater reduction of LV ejection fraction (8 weeks after MI, LV ejection fraction was 35±2.4% in wild type mice as compared to 30±2.0% in KO mice, p&lt;0.01). As compared with wild type mice, SOD3 KO mice had significantly greater increases of myocardial nitrotyrosine and superoxide anion production, a significantly greater decrease of ANP in the peri-infarct zone, and a significant more decrease of SERCA2a in both the peri-infarct and remote zones. In addition, MI caused greater activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in SOD3 KO mice, as demonstrated by significantly greater increases of p-p38 Thr180/ Tyr182 , p-Erk Thr202/Tyr204 and p-JNK Thr183/Tyr185 in SOD3 KO mice 8 weeks after MI. The finding that SOD3 KO had no effect on myocardial total SOD activity, but significantly exacerbated MI induced LV remodeling implies that the specific extracellular location of SOD3 is more important than its contribution to overall SOD activity in protecting the heart against contractile dysfunction following myocardial infarct.
Prophylaxis of ERCP-related pancreatitis: A randomized, controlled trial of somatostatin and gabexate mesylate1 1The trial was designed and the manuscript was written by Dr. Andriulli. No pharmaceutical or private grants were searched for or made available for performing the present work.
Authors: Angelo Andriulli, Luigi Solmi, Silvano Loperfido, Pietro Leo, Virginia Festa, Angelo Belmonte, Fulvio Spirito, Michele Silla, Giovambattista Forte, Vittorio Terruzzi, Giorgio Marenco, Enrico Ciliberto, Antonio Sabatino, Fabio Monica, Maria Rita Magnolia, Francesco Perri
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2004)