tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blastic natural killer cell and extranodal natural killer cell-like T-cell lymphoma presenting in the skin: report of six cases from the U.K.
Authors: F.J. Child, T.J. Mitchell, S.J. Whittaker, E. Calonje, M. Spittle, J. Crocker, R. Russell-Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Some lymphomas express natural killer (NK)-cell markers such as the neural cell adhesion molecule, which is recognized by the CD56 antibody. These lymphomas may present in the skin, but do not represent a homogeneous group. The new World Health Organization classification of lymphoma/leukaemia recognizes several types of NK/T-cell neoplasm, including blastic NK-cell lymphoma, which characteristically presents with cutaneous lesions.To describe the clinical, pathological and molecular features in six cases of CD56+ lymphoma with cutaneous presentation.The clinical, histopathological and immunophenotypic features of six patients were reviewed. In addition, in situ hybridization (ISH) to identify Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mRNA, and polymerase chain reaction analysis to identify the presence of a clonal population of T cells or B cells were performed on lesional skin.All patients presented with widespread nodules and plaques, which in five cases were a characteristic purple colour. Four patients developed disseminated disease, three with neurological involvement. These four patients died between 14 and 46 months following diagnosis (median 30 months). In four of six cases the histopathological and immunohistological features were in keeping with a blastic NK-cell lymphoma. No clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) or T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement was detected in the four cases consistent with an origin from NK cells. A further case fitted the criteria for an extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type and was also the only case to show evidence of EBV mRNA by ISH. A clonal T-cell population was identified in the final case. This patient also exhibited molecular evidence of a clonal B-cell population and a t(14;18) translocation confirmed by sequence analysis.Our data confirm that NK-cell lymphomas presenting in the skin are a heterogeneous group, and that in the U.K., blastic NK-cell lymphoma is more common than extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type. These lymphomas pursue an aggressive course, with rapid development of disseminated disease, and resistance to chemotherapy. Detailed immunophenotyping is needed to distinguish the different types. Our molecular data indicate that blastic NK-cell lymphoma cases lack clonal TCR/IgH gene rearrangements consistent with an NK-cell origin. Our ISH findings indicate that EBV plays a pathogenetic role only in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type.
Dobutamine: development of a new catecholamine to selectively increase cardiac contractility.
Authors: R R Tuttle, J Mills
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

We systematically modified isoproterenol's chemical structure to reduce chronotropic, arrhythmogenic, and vascular side effects. Experiments on dogs showed that the resulting drug, dobutamine, had an inotropic efficacy as great as that of epinephrine due to a direct action on beta1 cardiac receptors. However, unlike epinephrine, dobutamine's effect on alpha and beta2 vascular receptors was slight. At equivalent inotropic doses, dobutamine had less than a fourth of the chronotropic effect of isoproterenol. Desmethylimipramine (DMI), which blocks the sympathetic nerve fiber uptake mechanism, had no effect on dobutamine's actions. In contrast, DMI antagonized dopamine's inotropic effect, and marked chronotropic and pressor responses occurred when we used doses of dopamine large enough to elicit a direct inotropic effect. Dobutamine increased the contractility of isolated cat papillary muscles more but the automaticity less than did isoproterenol. In ischemic dog hearts, dobutamine lacked significant arrhythmic activity, whereas dopamine, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol caused severe ectopic activity. In dogs with experimentally induced low cardiac contractility, low cardiac output, and hypotension, dobutamine produced dose-related increases in cardiac contractility and output, restored arterial blood pressure, and reduced total peripheral resistance slightly. In contrast, isoproterenol failed to restore blood pressure, had only a meager effect on cardiac contractility and output, cuased extreme tachycardia, and lowered peripheral resistance more than did dobutamine. Norepinephrine, which did not increase cardiac contractility or output as much as dobutamine, excessively elevated peripheral resistance and arterial blood pressure.
Studies on the regeneration of the skin barrier and the changes in 32P incorporation into the epidermis after stripping
Authors: H. KOMATSU, M. SUZUKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

SUMMARY The epidermis of the rabbit ear was stripped and the effects on percutaneous absorption and 32P incorporation into lipid, TCA-sotuble, RNA and DNA fractions in the epidermis were studied for 21 days. Skin penetration by 14C-propylene glycol increased 300-fold immediately after stripping twenty times. Three to five days after stripping, penetration had returned almost to normal levels, but it required several additional days for the barrier function to become normal. The process of regeneration of the skin barrier paralleled the morphological changes in the epidermis but was inconsistent with the biochemical data. A significant increase in 32P incorporation was observed at 10 days, when the hyperplasia had disappeared and percutaneous absorption had returned to normal. The discrepancy between 32P incorporation and morphology or percutaneous absorption after stripping is discussed.
Psychotherapy Outcome Research with Bulimia nervosa
Authors: David M. Garner
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

Recent psychotherapy studies for bulimia nervosa are reviewed and it is concluded that many interventions lead to statistically and clinically significant reductions in the frequency of bingeing and vomiting and other associated symptoms; however, the results are more variable if success is defined as abstinence from symptomatic behavior. Treatment and patient variables which seem to be associated with positive response to treatment are reviewed and serious methodological concerns are raised. Carefully controlled dismantling trials are recommended in order to isolate factors which are critical for symptom change.
Metabolic Studies, Aldosterone Secretion Rate, and Plasma Renin after Carbenoxolone Sodium
Authors: J. H. Baron, J. D. N. Nabarro, J. D. H. Slater, R. Tuffley
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A formal metabolic study of carbenoxolone sodium (Biogastrone) 300 mg./day has been performed for 17 days on a woman with gastric ulcer who in a previous 21-day trial, on a 52-mEq sodium diet, showed weight gain, retention, and rise in plasma sodium and chloride concentrations, as well as hypokalaemia without change in potassium balance. In the present trial sodium intake was restricted to 26 mEq/day; while plasma electrolyte changes of lesser degree still occurred, there was no retention of water, sodium, or chloride. Aldosterone secretion in the control period was 202 μg./24 hours, and fell to 74 μg./24 hours after carbenoxolone, but plasma renin was unchanged. These results suggest that the mineralocorticoid effects of carbenoxolone (and presumably of liquorice and its other derivatives) are due to an intrinsic aldosterone-like action, and that, with sodium deprivation, aldosterone secretion is suppressed by a mechanism which is not renin-mediated—possibly hypokalaemia.
Traitement endoscopique de l'adénocarcinome superficiel et de la dysplasie de haut grade de l'œsophage développée sur endobrachyoesophage (EBO): suivi à long terme
Authors: JM Canard, G Rahmi, T Maniere, L Palazzo, C Cellier, R Jian
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: La mucosectomie endoscopique est un des traitements curatifs de l'adénocarcinome (ADK) superficiel et de la dysplasie de haut grade (DHG) de l'œsophage développée sur EBO. Il a effectivement été montré que le taux de résécabilité complète est important et que le taux de récidive précoce est faible. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer l'efficacité de la mucosectomie avec un recul plus important.
Liver tissue engineering at extrahepatic sites in mice as a potential new therapy for genetic liver diseases
Authors: Kazuo Ohashi, Jacob M. Waugh, Michael D. Dake, Takashi Yokoyama, Hiroyuki Kuge, Yoshiyuki Nakajima, Masaki Yamanouchi, Hiroyuki Naka, Akira Yoshioka, Mark A. Kay
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Liver tissue engineering using hepatocyte transplantation has been proposed as an alternative to whole-organ transplantation or liver-directed gene therapy to correct various types of hepatic insufficiency. Hepatocytes are not sustained when transplanted under the kidney capsule of syngeneic mice. However, when we transplanted hepatocytes with the extracellular matrix components extracted from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm cells, hepatocytes survived for at least 140 days and formed small liver tissues. Liver engineering in hemophilia A mice reconstituted 5% to 10% of normal clotting activity, enough to reduce the bleeding time and have a therapeutic benefit. Conversely, the subcutaneous space did not support the persistent survival of hepatocytes with Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm gel matrix. We hypothesized that establishing a local vascular network at the transplantation site would reduce graft loss. To test this idea, we provided a potent angiogenic agent before hepatocyte transplantation into the subcutaneous space. With this procedure, persistent survival was achieved for the length of the experiment (120 days). To establish that these engineered liver tissues also retained their native regeneration potential in vivo, we induced two different modes of proliferative stimulus to the naive liver and confirmed that hepatocytes within the extrahepatic tissues regenerated with activity similar to that of naive liver. In conclusion, our studies indicate that liver tissues can be engineered and maintained at extrahepatic sites, retain their capacity for regeneration in vivo, and used to successfully treat genetic disorders.
Medicare and Erythropoietin
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Dialysis facilities can make more money from administering epoetin than from dialysis and related routine services, which Medicare has reimbursed at a composite rate since 1983. Dr. Robert Steinbrook writes that in 2007, Congress may consider whether to eliminate financial incentives that may lead to the overuse of epoetin and other separately billable drugs.
Intentions of newly qualified doctors to practise in the United Kingdom
Authors: T. W Lambert, M. J Goldacre, J. Parkhouse
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To study the comparative importance of environment and genes in the development of islet cell autoimmunity associated with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.Design: Population based study of diabetic twins.Setting: Danish population.Subjects: 18 monozygotic and 36 dizygotic twin pairs with one or both partners having insulin dependent diabetes.Main outcome measures: Presence of islet cell antibodies, insulin autoantibodies, and autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) in serum samples from twin pairs 10 years (range 0-30 years) and 9.5 years (2-30 years) after onset of disease.Results: In those with diabetes the prevalence of islet cell antibodies, insulin autoantibodies, and autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in the 26 monozygotic twins was 38%, 85%, and 92%, respectively, and in the dizygotic twins was 57%, 70%, and 57%, respectively.In those without diabetes the proportions were 20%, 50%, and 40% in the 10 monozygotic twins and 26%, 49%, and 40% in the 35 dizygotic twins. Conclusion:There is no difference between the prevalence of islet cell autoantibodies in dizygotic and monozygotic twins without diabetes, suggesting that islet cell autoimmunity is environmentally rather than genetically determined.Furthermore, the prevalence of islet cell antibodies was higher in the non-diabetic twins than in other first degree relatives of patients with insulin dependent diabetes.This implies that the prenatal or early postnatal period during which twins are exposed to the same environment, in contrast with that experienced by first degree relatives, is of aetiological importance.
The pre-term baby.
Authors: R Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Babies who weigh 2,500 g (5 lb 8 oz) or less at birth present special problems in the newborn period, and though (in the United Kingdom) these babies constitute only 7% of all new borns, about half the total neonatal deaths occur in this group. It used to be an internationally agreed convention to classify all babies weighing 2,500 g or less at birth as premature. Nevertheless, it has been increasingly recognized in the past 10 years that not all of them are born prematurely?that is, after an abnormally short gestation. There are, in fact, two major categories of low-birth weight baby?the pre-term baby and the smali-for-dates baby?and they differ not only in the cause of their low birth weight but also in the clinical problems they encounter in the perinatal period. Pre-term babies are those born before 37 completed weeks from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period. In the United Kingdom they comprise about two-thirds of low birth weight babies and their clinical problems may largely be accounted for by immaturity and unreadiness to adapt to life outside the uterus. Small-for-dates babies are those whose birth weight is abnormally low for the gestational age at which they are born. The definition of low birth weight for gestation is necessarily an arbitrary one, but there is now a fair measure of agreement for describing babies whose birth
Case 11-1965
Authors: Louis K. Diamond, Wallace H. Clark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Presentation of CaseA five-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of fever.She had been well until twelve days previously, when there was the abrupt onset of a fever, with elevation of the temperature to 102°F. A physician made a diagnosis of infection of an ear and the throat and prescribed penicillin; in addition, phenobarbital was given because a febrile convulsion had occurred one year earlier, after the administration of measles vaccine. The fever subsided after two days but recurred five days before admission. On the following day a physician found that the spleen was enlarged. The eyelids . . .
A TABLE OF STANDARD DIETS FOR USE IN DIABETES
Authors: R. Pybus, D. M. Lyon
Journal: BMJ (1924)

tuD um. and satisfactory.The thoroughness with which bone surgery is discussed will appear from the fact that at least iine methods are mentioned for the closure of cavities in bone.The third volume deals with the surgery of the face, neck, breast, and chest, including the special surgery of the ear, nose, throat, and eye-an unusual combination for a book on operative surgery.The section on plastic surgery of the face is profusely illustrated, but we cannot find any
Farnesoid X Receptor Alleviates Age-Related Proliferation Defects in Regenerating Mouse Livers by Activating Forkhead Box M1b Transcription
Authors: Wei-Dong Chen, Yan-Dong Wang, Lisheng Zhang, Steven Shiah, Meihua Wang, Fan Yang, Donna Yu, Barry M. Forman, Wendong Huang
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Elucidating the mechanism of liver regeneration could lead to life-saving therapy for a large number of patients, especially elderly patients, after segmental liver transplantation or resection of liver tumors. The forkhead box m1b (Foxm1b) transcription factor is required for normal liver regeneration. Here we report that Foxm1b is the first direct farnesoid X receptor (FXR) target gene known to be involved in cell cycle regulation and that aging regenerating livers have delayed activation of FXR, which results in defective induction of Foxm1b and thereby contributes to defective liver regeneration. An inverted repeat 0 (IR-0) FXR response element, acting as an enhancer in intron 3 of the Foxm1b gene, was identified by a combination of transcriptional reporter, electrophoretic mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Diminished FXR binding to the IR-0 element was found in aging regenerating livers. FXR activation by a novel ligand in aging livers induced Foxm1b expression and elevated hepatocyte DNA replication to about 70% of the levels found in young regenerating livers, which were specifically suppressed by hepatic expression of anti-Foxm1b short hairpin RNA. Conclusion: Our results have revealed Foxm1b as the first known direct FXR target gene involved in cell cycle regulation and have demonstrated that defective activation of FXR could be an intrinsic defect in aging regenerating livers. Activation of FXR alone is largely able to alleviate age-related liver regeneration defects. These findings highlight FXR as a potential target of drug design for promoting liver regeneration in older subjects. (Hepatology 2010.)
P2-213: The 7-years results of the surgical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients and the influence of neoadjuvant treatment
Authors: Jana Skrickova, Marcela Tomiskova, Adam Svobodnik, Lenka Babickova, Jana Kaplanová, Bohdan Kadlec, Pavel Turcani, Irena Vasutova, Ivo Hanke, Theodor Horvath, Jindrich Vomela
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Comprehensive Analysis of Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Changes After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for Stage I Lung Cancer in Medically Inoperable Patients
Authors: Kevin L. Stephans, Toufik Djemil, Chandana A. Reddy, Stephen M. Gajdos, Mathew Kolar, Michael Machuzak, Peter Mazzone, Gregory M.M. Videtic
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)

To assess for variables predicting pulmonary function test (PFT) changes after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for medically inoperable stage I lung cancer.We reviewed 92 consecutive patients undergoing SBRT for stage I lung cancer between February 2004 and August 2007. A total of 102 lesions were treated using prescriptions of 20 Gy x 3 (n = 40), 10 Gy x 5 (n = 56), and 5 Gy x 10 (n = 6). Institutional practice was 10 Gy x 5 before March 1, 2006 before changing to 20 Gy x 3 to conform to RTOG 0236 unless otherwise dictated clinically.Median pretreatment forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) was 1.21 liter (50% of predicted) and median diffusion capacity to carbon monoxide (DLCO) was 56.5. There was no significant overall change in PFT's after SBRT. Individual patients experienced both substantial improvements and declines (10% declined at least 14% predicted FEV1% and 19% predicted DLCO). The mean change in FEV1 was -0.05 liter (range, -0.98 to +1.29 liter; p = 0.22) representing -1.88% predicted baseline FEV1 (range, -33 to + 43%; p = 0.62). DLCO declined 2.59% of predicted (range, -37 to +33%; p = 0.27). Conformality index, V5 and V10 were associated with individual patient changes in FEV1% (p = 0.033, p = 0.0036, p = 0.025, respectively), however, correlations were small and overall treatment dose did not predict for changes (p = 0.95). There was no significant difference in FEV1 (p = 0.55) or FEV1% (p = 0.37) changes for central versus peripheral locations. No factors predicted for individual changes in DLCO. Patients with FEV1% below the median of the study population had significantly longer overall survival (p = 0.0065). Although patients dying of cardiac disease died earlier than those dying of other causes, FEV1% below median was not associated with a lower risk of dying of cardiac disease or with lower Charlson comorbidity index.(1) SBRT was well tolerated and PFT changes were minimal. (2) Central lesions were safely treated with 50 Gy.
Genetic background affects function and intracellular calcium regulation of mouse hearts
Authors: Adarsh P. Shah, Urszula Siedlecka, Ajay Gandhi, Manoraj Navaratnarajah, Sara Abou Al-Saud, Magdi H. Yacoub, Cesare M. Terracciano
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

AimsThe genetic background is currently under close scrutiny when determining cardiovascular disease progression and response to therapy. However, this factor is rarely considered in physiological studies, where it could influence the normal behaviour and adaptive responses of the heart. We aim to test the hypothesis that genetic strain variability is associated with differences in excitation–contraction coupling mechanisms, in particular those involved in cytoplasmic Ca2+ regulation, and that they are concomitant to differences in whole-heart function and cell morphology.
Single-Source Financing: Pitching the Curve Ball
Authors: Stephen R. Yarnall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —Dr Saltman1gives  curve-ball pitch for single-source financing of health care as a solution for the United States. Even his diasadvantages reflect his strong bias (requires political will to act boldly and the like). I submit that any single-source financed and administered system of health care is doomed to disaster whether it is private or public. The strength of America is in its competition and choice of alternatives.  Most important are issues of equality and freedom. While most of us would agree that there should be equality for basic health care services and that there must be  system to provide this to all individuals, we should not allow this quest for equality to destroy the freedom to have extra services for those who wish to provide or purchase them. Except in fantasy land, it is not possible for everyone to have everything, and we
Tubular Carcinoma of the Breast: Further Evidence to Support Its Excellent Prognosis
Authors: Emad A. Rakha, Andrew H.S. Lee, Andrew J. Evans, Sindhu Menon, Nancy Y. Assad, Zsolt Hodi, Douglas Macmillan, Roger W. Blamey, Ian O. Ellis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose Although tubular carcinoma (TC) is known to have a favorable prognosis, it is still unknown whether this subtype represents a distinct type of breast carcinoma or whether it behaves like other low-grade luminal A–type breast carcinomas. Methods In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of a large well-characterized series of breast cancers (2,608 carcinomas) to assess the clinicopathologic and molecular features and prognostic value of TC compared with grade 1 ductal carcinomas of the breast. Results When compared with grade 1 ductal carcinoma (n = 212), TC (n = 102) was more likely to be detected on mammographic screening, had smaller median size, and less frequently showed lymphovascular invasion. Compared with grade 1 ductal carcinoma, TC was associated with longer disease-free survival (χ 2 = 13.25, P &lt; .001) and breast cancer–specific survival (χ 2 = 8.8, P = .003). In this study, none of the patients with TC developed distant metastasis or died from the disease without an intervening recurrence as invasive carcinoma of different histologic type. Conclusion We conclude that the biologic behavior of TC is excellent and is more favorable than that of grade 1 ductal carcinoma. Patients with TC may be at risk of developing second primary carcinomas in the contralateral breast, which may be of higher grade and poorer potential prognostic outcome. In addition, patients with TC seem to have a close to normal life expectancy, and as a consequence, adjuvant systemic therapy may not be justified in their routine management.