tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Stephen H. Caldwell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 October 1997Guidelines for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic PurpuraStephen H. Caldwell, MD, Kyung H. Han, MD, and Charles E. Hess, MDStephen H. Caldwell, MDUniversity of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22908Search for more papers by this author, Kyung H. Han, MDUniversity of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22908Search for more papers by this author, and Charles E. Hess, MDUniversity of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22908Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-7-199710010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the recently published clinical guidelines on idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura [1]. Although this paper was not intended as an exhaustive review, we were surprised to find no mention of liver disease in the discussion of associated disorders. Thrombocytopenia is common in chronic liver disease because of increased platelet sequestration in the spleen [2] and increased expression of antiplatelet antibody in some patients [3]. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura has also been associated with chronic hepatitis C [4]. Cirrhosis and portal hypertension may be very subtle and may go unrecognized in these patients.We have informally reviewed ...References1. Diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: recommendations of the American Society of Hematology. The American Society of Hematology ITP Practice Guideline Panel. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:319-26. Google Scholar2. Kelly DA, Summerfield JA. Hemostasis in liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 1987; 7:182-91. Google Scholar3. Kajiwara E, Akagi K, Azuma K, Onayama K, Fujishima M. Evidence for an immunological pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995; 90:962-6. Google Scholar4. Nagamine T, Ohtuka T, Takehara K, et al. Thrombocytopenia associated with hepatitis C viral infection. J Hepatol. 1996; 24:135-40. Google Scholar5. George JN, Davidoff F. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: lessons from a guideline [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:317-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22908 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA Suspected Case of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura - A Case ReportNonalcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseNonalcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseThe liver and statin drug therapy: uncertain navigation in the sea of risk-benefitNonalcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL): Overview 1 October 1997Volume 127, Issue 7Page: 572-573KeywordsAscitesCirrhosisIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuraLiverPortal hypertensionProthrombin timeSpleenThrombosisTreatment guidelinesVascular diseases ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Collective Investigation on the Action of Cold in Pneumonia.
Authors: Thomas J. Mays
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 26, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —My three collective reports already published on local cold applications in the treatment of acute pneumonia give a record of 299 cases so treated, with ten deaths, or a mortality rate of 3.35 per cent. Being desirous of pursuing this investigation still further, I take the liberty of asking those who have tested this measure to kindly give me the result of their experience. Full credit will be given to each correspondent in the report which I hope to publish soon. Blanks for the report of cases will be cheerfully furnished by me, with postage for return of same, on application. 1829 Spruce Street.
Dispatches. MMR: What They Didn't Tell You
Authors: Abi Berger
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Channel 4, Thursday 18 November at 9 pm Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> I f you didn't see this programme, find someone who taped it. Not only will you learn something about the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) health scare, but it will also give you the opportunity to watch one of the most exciting examples of investigative television journalism you will ever see. This episode of Dispatches was utterly compelling both in its presentation and in its lack of emotional blackmail. Presenter and journalist Brian Deer seems to have singlehandedly eaten away at the MMR story. His clear and simple presentation of this, his latest chapter—describing an enormous clash and conflict of interest between science, business, huge egos, and the potential to make megabucks—belies the huge and prolonged efforts he has clearly gone to in trying to get to the bottom of the MMR tale of woe. The story so far: following the publication of his paper in the Lancet ( Lancet 1998;351: 637), … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Changes of cartilage and bone markers after intra-articular glucocorticoid treatment with and without postinjection rest in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: T Weitoft
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Joint immobilisation improves the therapeutic effect of intra-articular glucocorticoid injection for knee synovitis. This may be due to retarded steroid resorption by immobilisation, a procedure that also could influence cartilage and bone metabolism. <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate changes in cartilage and bone turnover after intra-articular glucocorticoid treatment for knee synovitis with and without postinjection rest. <b>Methods:</b> 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and knee synovitis were randomised to 24 hour bed rest or to normal activity after intra-articular glucocorticoid treatment. Serum and urine markers of cartilage and bone turnover were studied for two weeks. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was used as a marker of cartilage turnover, osteocalcin as marker of bone formation, and deoxipyridinoline (DPD) as marker of bone resorption. <b>Results:</b> After the glucocorticoid injection COMP levels decreased in both groups (p&lt;0.001), but significantly more in resting patients. Serum osteocalcin levels decreased significantly (p&lt;0.001) without any difference between the groups. DPD was unchanged in both groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> Intra-articular glucocorticoid treatment for knee synovitis reduced serum COMP, which suggests that such treatment may have a cartilage protective effect. The slightly larger decrease of serum COMP in the resting group may reflect a lower clearance of COMP from the joint cavity. Serum osteocalcin was temporarily reduced, indicating a reversible suppression of bone formation.
S72 The utility of the modified BODE index (incorporating the incremental shuttle walking test) in assessing survival in patients with COPD screened for Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR)
Authors: J. E. A. Williams, V. Warrington, S. J. Singh, R. Green
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> We have previously reported that distance walked on the Incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) can be substituted for the 6 min walking distance (6MWD) as the exercise (“E” component) of the BODE index (ERS 2009). This study examines 5 year survival in a cohort of patients with COPD and examines the validity of the modified BODE index as an independent predictor of survival in COPD. <h3>Method</h3> Hospital records of 1127 patients with COPD referred to PR (mean (SD) FEV<sub>1</sub> 46.1 (16.2)% predicted, age 68.4 (9.0) years) were examined to assess 5-year survival. A multivariate cox proportional hazards model including the variables gender, age, pack years, FEV<sub>1</sub>, FVC, BMI, MRC dyspnoea score and ISWT was used to identify independent factors predicting all cause mortality. A BODE score was then assigned to 626 patients with sufficient data for analysis. Cut-off points for the ISWT quartiles were as follows:&lt;80 m=3, 80–149 m=2, 150–249 m=1, &gt;250 m=0. Cox regression was used to predict hazard ratios for the modified BODE index, adjusted for the independent prognostic factors identified by initial analysis. Kaplan–Meier analysis of survival by quartile of the BODE index was then performed and compared with the log rank test. <h3>Results</h3> Overall 5-year survival was 41.9%. Three of the four factors in the BODE index (BMI, exercise capacity, and MRC dyspnoea) were statistically significant independent predictors of survival whilst the fourth, FEV<sub>1</sub>% predicted was of borderline significance (p=0.08). In addition age and pack years smoked were also independent prognostic factors. The mean (SD) BODE index was significantly higher in patients who had died at 5 years (5.9(2.2)) than those that had survived (4.8(2.2)), p&lt;0.0001. The modified BODE index was a significant predictor of death even corrected for age and pack years smoked (adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) 1.26 (1.17 to 1.35), p&lt;0.0001). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis confirmed that each quartile increase in the BODE index was associated with increased mortality (p&lt;0.0001) (Abstract S72 Figure 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The BODE index using the ISWT as the exercise component, is a useful tool for predicting survival in patients with COPD.
SUPPORT FOR STANDARDIZATION OF DUPLEX ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY STENOSIS: A SURVEY FROM THE INTERSOCIETAL ACCREDITATION COMMISSION (IAC)
Authors: Heather L. Gornik, Laurence Needleman, James Benenati, Phillip P. Bendick, Marge Hutchisson, Sandra Katanick, Amanda Naylor, Tammie Sloper, Michael Jaff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
STAPHYLOCOCCI AND INFECTION IMMUNITY
Authors: Rene Dubos
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The history of our knowledge concerning staphylococci and staphylococcal diseases could be written as an essay on paradox. The Staphylococcus was one of the first human pathogens to be recognized and cultivated; many precise details are known concerning its cellular structure, its growth requirements, its chemical and biological activities; yet, there is no agreement as to what makes it pathogenic. It can cause a great variety of pathological processes, affecting most organs; yet, experimental infections in man and animals can be produced only by the use of laboratory artifices. It served as the test object for the discovery of penicillin; yet, most staphylococcal infections are now resistant to treatment with this drug. It is becoming one of the most disturbing agents of bacterial disease, at a time when other bacterial diseases are decreasing in importance. A few decades ago, monographs after monographs were being written on each and every one
Risk for Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Who Receive Antihypertensive Drugs
Authors: Beat A. Schaer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Different antihypertensive drug classes may alter risk for atrial fibrillation. Some studies suggest that drugs that interfere with the renin–angiotensin system may be favorable because of their effect on atrial remodeling. Objective: To assess and compare the relative risk for incident atrial fibrillation among hypertensive patients who receive antihypertensive drugs from different classes. Design: Nested case–control analysis. Setting: The United Kingdom–based General Practice Research Database, a well-validated primary care database comprising approximately 5 million patient records. Patients: 4661 patients with atrial fibrillation and 18 642 matched control participants from a population of 682 993 patients treated for hypertension. Measurements: A comparison of the risk for atrial fibrillation among hypertensive users of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II–receptor blockers (ARBs), or β-blockers with the reference group of users of calcium-channel blockers. Patients with clinical risk factors for atrial fibrillation were excluded. Results: Current exclusive long-term therapy with ACE inhibitors (odds ratio [OR], 0.75 [95% CI, 0.65 to 0.87]), ARBs (OR, 0.71 [CI, 0.57 to 0.89]), or β-blockers (OR, 0.78 [CI, 0.67 to 0.92]) was associated with a lower risk for atrial fibrillation than current exclusive therapy with calcium-channel blockers. Limitation: Blood pressure changes during treatment courses could not be evaluated, and risk for bias by indication cannot be fully excluded in an observational study. Conclusion: In hypertensive patients, long-term receipt of ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or β-blockers reduces the risk for atrial fibrillation compared with receipt of calcium-channel blockers. Primary Funding Source: None.
Serial M-mode echocardiography in severe chronic aortic regurgitation.
Authors: I G McDonald, V M Jelinek
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Thirteen patients with severe chronic aortic regurgitation (mean age 52.5 years) were studied by serial M-mode echocardiography. When first studied, none had breathlessness caused by left ventricular failure (LVF). Nine of these patients remained asymptomatic over a mean period of 4 years, 3 months (no LVF group); the other four patients developed left ventricular failure with dyspnea after a mean interval of 3 years, 11 months (LVF group). For both of these groups, we compared the echocardiographic measurements from the first and last of the serial studies. For the LVF group, end-diastolic left ventricular internal dimension increased 14%, end-systolic dimension increased 35%, fractional shortening decreased 45% and left atrial dimension increased 62%. All of these changes were significant. For the No LVF group, the change in end-diastolic left ventricular internal dimension was not significant, but the 6% increase in end-systolic dimension, 10% reduction in fractional shortening and 25% increase in left atrial size were all statistically significant. Although echocardiography could detect declining left ventricular function in a group of asymptomatic patients with severe chronic aortic regurgitation, the reproducibility of the technique was limited in individual patients. Therefore, serial echocardiographic studies should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical assessment and other investigations.
Screening for Down's syndrome using serum alpha fetoprotein: a retrospective study indicating caution.
Authors: K Spencer, P Carpenter
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A report was made on the outcome of a four year retrospective study in 27 064 pregnancies, of the clinical efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity of a screening programme for Down's syndrome based on reported strategies related to the measurement of maternal serum alpha fetoprotein. This study identified 27 pregnancies affected by Down's syndrome with a median multiple of the median maternal serum alpha fetoprotein concentration of 0.82. This figure is considerably higher than that obtained from previous reports on this subject. With an age related multiple of the median maternal serum alpha fetoprotein strategy, 30.8% of Down's affected pregnancies were identified as well as 11.6% of unaffected pregnancies. Perhaps a United Kingdom collaborative study should begin to investigate the reasons for such wide population variance in the reports for the median multiple of the median for Down's affected pregnancies. Until such studies are carried out, screening for Down's syndrome based on low maternal serum alpha fetoprotein concentration is premature.
Audit of the frequency and clinical response to excessive oral anticoagulation in an out-patient population
Authors: Malcolm L. Brigden, Christina Kay, Alan Le, Christine Graydon, Barbara McLeod
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

A retrospective review of over-anticoagulated patients with critical international normalized ratios (INRs) was undertaken in a large outpatient laboratory. In the six-month study period, 85 prothrombin times (PTs) were identified with an INR of > or = 6.0, an overall incidence of elevated PTs of 0.2% or two per 1,000 INR tests. Complete follow-up data was available on 65 patients. When compared to an age- and gender-matched control group without INR > or = 6.0, high-INR patients were significantly more likely to manifest the presence of alcoholism or liver disease, to have been anticoagulated for less than six months, to have experienced more frequent warfarin dosage changes, and to have had the addition of a medication known to interact with warfarin. In the high-INR group, a likely cause for the specific critical INR was identified in 44 patients (68%). Drug interactions followed by compliance problems were the most common factors identified. The 13 patients (20%) who received vitamin K therapy experienced no difference in the clinical outcome compared with those managed conservatively. Conservative management of critically high INR values appeared to be as efficacious as intervention with vitamin K therapy.
Freud and the Rat Man
Authors: Thomas H. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Freud's<i>On Aphasia</i>was published in 1891, with major discoveries or publications each subsequent year through 1939. Patrick Mahony notes that "of all the intellectual giants who lived in the twentieth century, Freud has had the greatest cultural influence." A concourse of gifted investigators followed in his track, among them zealous proponents and critics, detractors and defenders, sifters of documents, and seekers of motes. Today we have the perspective of almost a half-century on all of this, and we can discern in present-day psychoanalytic work three vigorous intermingling currents. The broad stream devotes itself to clinical treatment and the training of therapists. A second continuous movement, more swift-flowing and intricate perhaps, is concerned with the framework of theory and the growth of psychoanalysis as a science. One example, among many, is the attempt of Jacques Lacan and colleagues of the Société Française de Psychoanalyse to utilize the methods and findings
Cord blood stimulated T-cell interferon γ production varies by race in a birth cohort
Authors: C.C. Johnson, M.M. Maliarik, M.J. McCabe, E.L. Peterson, G.R. Wegienka, D.M. Smolarek, L.K. Williams, K.J. Woodcroft, C.L. Joseph, C.J. Barone, D.R. Ownby, E.M. Zoratti
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Abstract 3958: IL-6 stimulates cell motility in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) cells through CK2 phosphorylation and stabilization of TWIST
Authors: Yingwen Su, Tongxin Xie, Mitchell J. Fredrick, Sano Daisuke, Jeffrey N. Myers
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) is the tenth most common cancer in the world. Unfortunately, the survival of patients with SCCHN has not improved in the last 40 years. Therefore new targets for therapy are needed, and to this end we are studying signaling pathways activated by IL-6 which we have found stimulates cell migration and soft agar growth in SCCHN. Our data show that IL-6 increases TWIST expression in a transcription-independent mechanism in many SCCHN cell lines. Further investigation reveals TWIST can be phosphorylated upon IL-6 treatment. By computation prediction (http://hits.isb-sib.ch/cgi-bin/PFSCAN), we found that TWIST has a putative phosphorylation site for casein kinase 2 (CK2) suggesting that this kinase could serve as a link between IL-6 stimulation and Twist stability. To test this hypothesis, we used a CK2 inhibitor and shRNA to CK2 and found that these interventions inhibited IL-6 stimulation of TWIST stability. In addtion, mutation of the putative CK2 phosphorylation site (S18/S20) in TWIST decreased the amount of phospho- ATP incorporated by TWIST in an in vitro kinase assay and altered TWIST stability. In soft agar colony forming assays, the CK2 inhibitor, DMAT, was found to decrease the number of IL-6 stimulated colonies formed by SCCHN cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report to identify the importance of IL-6 stimulated CK2 phosphorylation of TWIST in SCCHN and supports the previous findings from other researchers. As CK2 inhibitors are currently under phase I clinical trials, our findings indicate that CK2 may be a viable therapeutic target in SCCHN. Therefore, further pre-clinical studies of this inhibitor are underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3958.
Semen and Hepatitis B Antigen
Authors: Melvin L. Butler, Lawrence F. Johnson, Ronald L. Van Heertum
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 March 1974Semen and Hepatitis B AntigenMELVIN L. BUTLER, M.D., LAWRENCE F. JOHNSON, M.D., RONALD L. VAN HEERTUM, M.D.MELVIN L. BUTLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LAWRENCE F. JOHNSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RONALD L. VAN HEERTUM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-3-424 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The possibility of sexual transmission of type B hepatitis has been raised by several recent articles (1-3). In one of these studies the hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) was found in 11 of 282 male homosexuals but in only 2 of 533 female and 1 of 520 male heterosexual patients. Since viral hepatitis is a multisystem disease, and the antigen has been reported in blood, urine, and saliva, it seems possible that seminal fluid might also carry the infectious agent.We are currently testing semen samples from HB Ag-positive patients for the antigen, by radioimmunoassay. To date,...References1. HEATHCOTE J and SHERLOCK S: Spread of acute type-B hepatitis in London. Lancet 1:1468-1470, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SZMUNESS W, PRINCE A, and HIRSCH R: Familial clustering of hepatitis B infection. N Engl J Med 289:1162-1166, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FULFORD K, DANE D, and CATTERALL R: Australian antigen and antibody among patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Lancet 1:1470-1473, 1973 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MELVIN L. BUTLER, M.D.; LAWRENCE F. JOHNSON, M.D.; RONALD L. VAN HEERTUM, M.D.Affiliations: Nuclear Medicine Service Department of Radiology Tripler Army Medical Center Honolulu, Hawaii PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1974Volume 80, Issue 3Page: 424-424KeywordsAntigensHepatitis AHepatitis BHomosexualsInfectious diseasesRadioimmunoassaysSalivaSemenUrineViral diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Osteomalacia presenting as chorea.
Authors: D J Hosking, A Williams, R B Godwin-Austen, S P Allison
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A 16-year-old epileptic developed chorea. He had osteomalacia, hypocalcaemia, and hyperphosphataemia, which were due not to hypoparathyroidism but to vitamin D deficiency--itself secondary to longstanding dietary deficiency and anticonvulsant drug administration.
Association of obesity with IgE levels and allergy symptoms in children and adolescents: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006
Authors: Cynthia M. Visness, Stephanie J. London, Julie L. Daniels, Jay S. Kaufman, Karin B. Yeatts, Anna-Maria Siega-Riz, Andrew H. Liu, Agustin Calatroni, Darryl C. Zeldin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Compartment specific expression of dendritic cell markers in human glomerulonephritis
Authors: S. Segerer, F. Heller, M.T. Lindenmeyer, H. Schmid, C.D. Cohen, D. Draganovici, J. Mandelbaum, P.J. Nelson, H.-J. Gröne, E.F. Gröne, A.-M. Figel, E. Nössner, D. Schlöndorff
Journal: Kidney International (2008)