tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association between teenage pregnancy rates and the age and sex of general practitioners: cross sectional survey in Trent 1994-7
Authors: J. Hippisley-Cox
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine variations in teenage pregnancy rates in Trent region and to determine possible associations with local general practice characteristics such as the age and sex of the doctors. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional survey. <b>Setting:</b> All 826 general practices in Trent region in existence between 1994 and 1997. <b>Subjects:</b> All pregnancies of teenagers aged 13 to 19 between 1994 and 1997 that resulted in an admission to an NHS hospital. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Pregnancy rates for teenagers aged 13 to 19 and general practice characteristics: presence of a female or young doctor (under 36 years old), number of whole time equivalent practice nurses, Townsend score, vocational training status, list size per whole time equivalent doctor, fundholding status, and partnership size. <b>Results:</b> On multivariate analysis, lower teenage pregnancy rates were associated with the presence of a female or young doctor and more nurse time. Practices in deprived areas had higher teenage pregnancy rates. <b>Conclusion:</b> General practices with female doctors, young doctors, or more nurse time had lower teenage pregnancy rates. The findings may have implications for the mix of health professionals within primary care.
Woman With X-Linked Recessive Dystonia-Parkinsonism
Authors: Aloysius Domingo, Lillian V. Lee, Norbert Brüggemann, Karen Freimann, Frank J. Kaiser, Roland D. G. Jamora, Raymond L. Rosales, Christine Klein, Ana Westenberger
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Despite recessive inheritance, X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (Lubag disease) has also been described in women presenting with a late-onset isolated parkinsonian syndrome. Interestingly, unlike in other populations, there is a slight female predominance in the prevalence of parkinsonism in the Philippines.In a Filipino woman with suspected Parkinson disease, we confirmed the presence of all changes specific for X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism in genomic DNA. Subsequently, we analyzed complementary DNA and evaluated the methylation status of the androgen receptor gene. Owing to extremely skewed (98%:2%) X-chromosome inactivation, the patient expressed almost solely the mutated allele in a disease-specific change, rendering her molecularly comparable with a hemizygously affected man.Skewed X-chromosome inactivation is the likely cause of parkinsonism in this heterozygous mutation carrier. Because women carriers of the genetic changes specific for X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism are common in the Philippines, the epigenetic factor of nonrandom X-chromosome inactivation may contribute to the skewing of the sex prevalence of parkinsonism toward women in this country, warranting further investigation.
BMA members reject proposal to restrict jobs to EU medical graduates
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Members of the BMA have come out against government proposals to restrict access of medical students from outside the European Union to jobs in the NHS.

The result comes from a survey of BMA members concerning the findings of the inquiry into medical training led by John Tooke ( BMJ  2007;335:737, 13 Oct doi: 10.1136/bmj.39363.596273.59). Speaking at a BMA conference last week, Professor Tooke said it was essential that the matter of international medical graduates was dealt with urgently.

“If we don't resolve that issue, we are in for a really, really big problem next summer, because there will …
Vitamin D. Molecular Biology, Physiology and Clinical Applications.
Authors: J E COMPSTON
Journal: Gut (2000)

Vitamin D. Molecular Biology, Physiology and Clinical Applications. Edited by Holick MF. (Pp 458; illustrated; $145.00.) US: Humana Press, 1999. ISBN 0 896 03467 4.

A comprehensive study of vitamin D, this book starts with a brief consideration of the evolutionary aspects of vitamin D and the essential role of photosynthesis of the vitamin in the conservation of calcium in aquatic and land animals. Cutaneous synthesis is the principal source of vitamin D for most healthy people but dietary intake becomes increasingly important in the very young and the elderly. Adequate intakes (formerly called recommended daily allowances) for all age groups, and for pregnant or …
A monoclonal antibody (3G5)-defined ganglioside antigen is expressed on the cell surface of microvascular pericytes.
Authors: R C Nayak, A B Berman, K L George, G S Eisenbarth, G L King
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The identification of microvascular pericytes in vitro relies principally on morphological characteristics and growth dynamics, as there is a paucity of immunochemical markers for these cells. Consequently, an attempt was made to identify mAb reagents that would aid in both the rapid identification and enrichment of retinal capillary pericytes in vascular cell cultures. A panel of mAbs raised by xenogeneic immunization of mice with various tissues was screened for immunoreactivity with dissociated cultures of bovine retinal capillary pericytes. Two antibodies from the panel (3G5 and HISL-8) were seen to react with pericytes by indirect immunofluorescence. The mAb 3G5 was selected for further study. mAb 3G5 did not react with dissociated cultures of smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, or retinal pigmented endothelial cells. The pericyte 3G5 antigen was insensitive to the action of trypsin; therefore, mAb 3G5 was used to selectively purify pericytes from trypsinized mixed retinal cell cultures by flow cytometry. 3G5+ pericytes (representing 8% of cells in a mixed retinal cell culture) were enriched at least nine-fold to represent greater than 70% of cells. The mAb 3G5 stained retinal capillaries in vivo with a fluorescence distribution consistent with pericyte staining. The 3G5 antigen of cultured pericytes was found to be a glycolipid of mobility intermediate between ganglioside markers GM1 and GM2.
THE USE OF THE TREPHINE IN TRAUMATIC EMPYEMA ASSOCIATED WITH FISTULA.
Authors: T. G. Richardson
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read before the American Surgical Association at its late annual meeting in Cincinnati, May 31st, 1883.] Chronic suppurative pleuritis with an imperfect fistulous outlet, either external or bronchial, is not an uncommon result of gun-shot or other penetrating wounds of the thoracic cavity; and it is no secret that the resources of surgery have not heretofore offered much encouragement to the unfortunate sufferers. In the majority of such cases there is contraction traction or sinking in of the injured side, a constant discharge of fetid pus, persistent cough, irritative or septic fevers, and more or less rapid exhaustion of strength, terminating usually in death within a few months, or a year or two at the farthest. Two main difficulties are encountered in the treatment of such cases: 1st, imperfect drainage, upon the correction of which the life of the patient depends; and, 2nd, permanent separation of the lung from the
Three-Year, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: David S. Boyer, Young Hee Yoon, Rubens Belfort, Francesco Bandello, Raj K. Maturi, Albert J. Augustin, Xiao-Yan Li, Harry Cui, Yehia Hashad, Scott M. Whitcup
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex, DEX implant) 0.7 and 0.35 mg in the treatment of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).Two randomized, multicenter, masked, sham-controlled, phase III clinical trials with identical protocols were conducted. Data were pooled for analysis.Patients (n = 1048) with DME, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/50 to 20/200 Snellen equivalent, and central retinal thickness (CRT) of ≥300 μm by optical coherence tomography.Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to study treatment with DEX implant 0.7 mg, DEX implant 0.35 mg, or sham procedure and followed for 3 years (or 39 months for patients treated at month 36) at ≤40 scheduled visits. Patients who met retreatment eligibility criteria could be retreated no more often than every 6 months.The predefined primary efficacy endpoint for the United States Food and Drug Administration was achievement of ≥15-letter improvement in BCVA from baseline at study end. Safety measures included adverse events and intraocular pressure (IOP).Mean number of treatments received over 3 years was 4.1, 4.4, and 3.3 with DEX implant 0.7 mg, DEX implant 0.35 mg, and sham, respectively. The percentage of patients with ≥15-letter improvement in BCVA from baseline at study end was greater with DEX implant 0.7 mg (22.2%) and DEX implant 0.35 mg (18.4%) than sham (12.0%; P ≤ 0.018). Mean average reduction in CRT from baseline was greater with DEX implant 0.7 mg (-111.6 μm) and DEX implant 0.35 mg (-107.9 μm) than sham (-41.9 μm; P < 0.001). Rates of cataract-related adverse events in phakic eyes were 67.9%, 64.1%, and 20.4% in the DEX implant 0.7 mg, DEX implant 0.35 mg, and sham groups, respectively. Increases in IOP were usually controlled with medication or no therapy; only 2 patients (0.6%) in the DEX implant 0.7 mg group and 1 (0.3%) in the DEX implant 0.35 mg group required trabeculectomy.The DEX implant 0.7 mg and 0.35 mg met the primary efficacy endpoint for improvement in BCVA. The safety profile was acceptable and consistent with previous reports.
And They Say It's the Same Language
Authors: R. A. P. Burt
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Sir Winston Churchill once noted that the British and Americans were divided by a common language. However, he had an advantage because with his American mother he had been accustomed from birth to the differences. The truth of his statement is often overlooked by those visiting either the United States or Great Britain, particularly those physicians who plan to work for a year or so, telling themselves that  least there won't be a language problem when I move.  In discussions with European colleagues, held in English because of my inability to speak their language, I have noticed that both speakers took pains to ensure that what was said was being understood. I assumed this to be a normal state of affairs, but recently I started wondering at the cavalier way in which Americans and British prattle away together, never stopping to check each other's meaning and blithely assuming total
A spot of bother
Authors: Simon Pirie
Journal: BMJ (2007)

That Easter weekend I was on four night shifts. The first night was busy, and I went to sleep early the next day, but typically I was awake again within an hour and a half: a fire alarm had been set off by someone cooking in the hospital accommodation. “Good start,” I thought.

I eventually got back to sleep, but when I woke up that evening I felt the familiar scratchy throat and slight ache that generally heralds a viral illness. I went to work hoping it would pass, but, as the evening progressed, I rapidly got worse. My main anxiety was that I had two more nights which would be …
Human B immunoglobuline (HBIG) monotherapy or combined with lamivudine (LAM) in prophylaxis of HBV recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) in HBsAg-carriers
Authors: S. Gaia, A. Marzano, V. Ciardo, E. Gentilcore, M. Lagget, A. Smedile, M. Rizzetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
The adenylate cyclase toxin of Bacillus anthracis is a potent promoter of TH17 cell development
Authors: Silvia Rossi Paccani, Marisa Benagiano, Maria Teresa Savino, Francesca Finetti, Fiorella Tonello, Mario M. D’Elios, Cosima T. Baldari
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Mutations in the BRCA1 gene in families with early-onset breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Lucio H. Castilla, Fergus J. Couch, Michael R. Erdos, Kent F. Hoskins, Kathy Calzone, Judy E. Garber, Jeff Boyd, Matthew B. Lubin, Michelle L. Deshano, Lawrence C. Brody, Francis S. Collins, Barbara L. Weber
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
"SCHWEIGGER'S JOURNAL FÜR CHEMIE UND PHYSIK"
Authors: Harry J. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Walton states (Historical Aspects of Enzyme Investigations,The Journal, Dec. 30, 1933, p. 2137), in regard to Schweigger's<i>Journal für Chemie und Physik</i>, that "the only available set of this journal is in the New York Public Library, at least in America." I wish to inform you that the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station possesses volumes 1 to 69 inclusive of this journal (1811-1833).
Fancd2 −/− mice have hematopoietic defects that can be partially corrected by resveratrol
Authors: Qing-Shuo Zhang, Laura Marquez-Loza, Laura Eaton, Andrew W. Duncan, Devorah C. Goldman, Praveen Anur, Kevin Watanabe-Smith, R. Keaney Rathbun, William H. Fleming, Grover C. Bagby, Markus Grompe
Journal: Blood (2010)
Automated peritoneal dialysis as a lifesaving therapy in an emergency room: Report of four cases
Authors: M.B. Ilabaca-Avendaño, G. Yarza-Solorzáno, J. Rodriguez-Valenzuela, G. Arcinas-Fausto, V. Ramírez-Hernandez, D.A. Hernández-Hernández, L.A. Jáuregui-Flores
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Ischemic preconditioning protects the mouse liver by inhibition of apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway
Authors: Surinder S. Yadav, David Sindram, David K. Perry, Pierre-Alain Clavien
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

A short period of ischemia and reperfusion, called ischemic preconditioning, protects various tissues against subsequent sustained ischemic insults. We previously showed that apoptosis of hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells is a critical mechanism of injury in the ischemic liver. Because caspases, calpains, and Bcl-2 have a pivotal role in the regulation of apoptosis, we hypothesized that ischemic preconditioning protects by inhibition of apoptosis through down-regulation of caspase and calpain activities and up-regulation of Bcl-2. A preconditioning period of 10 minutes of ischemia followed by 15 minutes of reperfusion maximally protected livers subjected to prolonged ischemia. After reperfusion, serum aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were reduced up to 3-fold in preconditioned animals. All animals subjected to 75 minutes of ischemia died, whereas all those who received ischemic preconditioning survived. Apoptosis of hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells, assessed by in situ TUNEL assay and DNA fragmentation by gel electrophoresis, was dramatically reduced with preconditioning. Caspase activity, measured by poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteolysis and a specific caspase-3 fluorometric assay, was inhibited by ischemic preconditioning. The antiapoptotic mechanism did not involve calpain-like activity or Bcl-2 expression because levels were similar in control and preconditioned livers. In conclusion, ischemic preconditioning confers dramatic protection against prolonged ischemia via inhibition of apoptosis through down-regulation of caspase 3 activity, independent of calpain-like activity or Bcl-2 expression.
Evaluation of recreational health risk in coastal waters based on enterococcus densities and bathing patterns.
Authors: David J Turbow, Nathaniel D Osgood, Sunny C Jiang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We constructed a simulation model to compute the incidences of highly credible gastrointestinal illness (HCGI) in recreational bathers at two intermittently contaminated beaches of Orange County, California. Assumptions regarding spatial and temporal bathing patterns were used to determine exposure levels over a 31-month study period. Illness rates were calculated by applying previously reported relationships between enterococcus density and HCGI risk to the exposure data. Peak enterococcus concentrations occurred in late winter and early spring, but model results showed that most HCGI cases occurred during summer, attributable to elevated number of exposures. Approximately 99% of the 95,010 illness cases occurred when beaches were open. Model runs were insensitive to 0-10% swimming activity assumed during beach closure days. Comparable illness rates resulted under clustered and uniform bather distribution scenarios. HCGI attack rates were within federal guidelines of tolerable risk when averaged over the study period. However, tolerable risk thresholds were exceeded for 27 total days and periods of at least 6 consecutive days. Illness estimates were sensitive to the functional form and magnitude of the enterococcus density-HCGI relationships. The results of this study contribute to an understanding of recreational health risk in coastal waters.
Bleeding time in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
Authors: M Greaves, R Nakielny, K K Hampton, F E Preston, D R Triger
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Thirdly, tamoxifen is known to reduce the incidence of local relapse after surgery, and this may militate against the need for radiotherapy after local excision while simultaneously reducing the incidence of contralateral breast cancer.4The alternative policy advocated by Drs Hamilton and Buchanan-close observationwould certainly tell us something of the natural course of the disease and establish precisely the incidence of local relapse after local excision alone.But in 10 years or more we would be no further on.The beauty of the two x two factorial trial is that it not only allows us to study the natural course of the disease but also shows whether one of two approaches might reduce the incidence of local relapse while allowing precise estimation of the cost-benefit ratios.
Antibody Class Neutralizes Multiple Forms of Dengue Virus
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2015)

A new class of antibodies is capable of neutralizing all 4 forms of dengue virus, which causes an estimated 400 million infections annually and can lead to shock, hemorrhage, and death (Dejnirattisai W et al. Nat Immunol. doi:10.1038/ni.3058 [published online December 15, 2014]).
Urinary Constituents Affecting Mineralization.
Authors: W. C. Thomas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Urinary Constituents Affecting Mineralization.W. C. Thomas Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.W. C. Thomas Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-743_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCartilage matrix obtained from rachitic animals will mineralizein vitroif placed in an inorganic solution containing small amounts of calcium (6 mg/100 ml) and phosphorus (5 mg/100 ml). It has been demonstrated recently that urine from calculous patients also readily mineralizes such cartilage matrix, whereas that from most normal subjects does not, even though the urines have similar calcium and phosphorus content. These observations are thought to be pertinent to the problem of renal stone formation, and delineation of factors accounting for the different mineralizing propensities of the 2 types of urines are in progress. Certain trace elements, pyrophosphates... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: W. C. ThomasJr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Gainesville, Fla. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 743-744KeywordsCalciumCartilageKidney stonesPhosphorusUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Drug delivery of anticancer agents: water soluble 4-poly (ethylene glycol) derivatives of the lignan, podophyllotoxin
Authors: Richard B Greenwald, Charles D Conover, Annapurna Pendri, Yun H Choe, Anthony Martinez, Dechun Wu, Shuiyun Guan, Zuliang Yao, Kwok L Shum
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1999)
Lentiviral Vector Integration Profiles Differ in Rodent Postmitotic Tissues
Authors: Cynthia C Bartholomae, Anne Arens, Kamaljit S Balaggan, Rafael J Yáñez-Muñoz, Eugenio Montini, Steven J Howe, Anna Paruzynski, Bernhard Korn, Jens Uwe Appelt, Angus MacNeil, Daniela Cesana, Ulrich Abel, Hanno Glimm, Luigi Naldini, Robin R Ali, Adrian J Thrasher, Christof von Kalle, Manfred Schmidt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Lentiviral vectors with self-inactivating (SIN) long terminal repeats (LTRs) are promising for safe and sustained transgene expression in dividing as well as quiescent cells. As genome organization and transcription substantially differs between actively dividing and postmitotic cells in vivo, we hypothesized that genomic vector integration preferences might be distinct between these biological states. We performed integration site (IS) analyses on mouse dividing cells (fibroblasts and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs)) transduced ex vivo and postmitotic cells (eye and brain) transduced in vivo. As expected, integration in dividing cells occurred preferably into gene coding regions. In contrast, postmitotic cells showed a close to random frequency of integration into genes and gene spare long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE). Our studies on the potential mechanisms responsible for the detected differences of lentiviral integration suggest that the lowered expression level of Psip1 reduce the integration frequency in vivo into gene coding regions in postmitotic cells. The motif TGGAA might represent one of the factors for preferred lentiviral integration into mouse and rat Satellite DNA. These observations are highly relevant for the correct assessment of preclinical biosafety studies, indicating that lentiviral vectors are well suited for safe and effective clinical gene transfer into postmitotic tissues.
Jaundice in the Newborn
Authors: M. Michael Thaler
Journal: JAMA (1977)

JAUNDICE in the newborn and young infant differs in several important respects from jaundice in older patients. First, almost uniquely in the newborn, bilirubin may be a cause of disease as well as its consequence. The potential toxicity of the unconjugated pigment lends urgency to diagnostic deliberations. Second, the first two months after birth are a period of continuous maturational and adaptive change, which alters the character and manifestations of disease processes. Third, many inherited disorders manifest themselves during the newborn period. It is important to measure without delay the severity of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in newborns, since high concentrations of the unconjugated pigment may cause brain damage. The causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia should also be investigated promptly, but do not usually constitute emergencies. Studies have been made of bilirubin metabolism,<sup>1</sup>causes of unconjugated neonatal bilirubinemia (physiologic, hemolytic, and hereditary),<sup>2</sup>and conditions associated with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (cholestatic jaundice) in
The Effect of Varying Levels of Outdoor-Air Supply on the Symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome
Authors: Richard Menzies, Robyn Tamblyn, Jean-Pierre Farant, James Hanley, Fatima Nunes, Robert Tamblyn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The sick building syndrome is the term given to a constellation of symptoms reported by workers in modern office buildings, hypothesized to occur when the supply of outdoor air is reduced, because of the accumulation of contaminants arising from within the building. We undertook this study to determine the effect of changing the supply of outdoor air in four office buildings on the symptoms reported by workers and their perception of the indoor environment.
Improvement in regional and global myocardial oxygen consumption in resynchronization therapy: A C-11-acetate positron emission tomography study
Authors: Juergen Vogt, Oliver Lindner, Barbara Lamp, Johannes Heintze, Annett Kammeier, Peter Wielepp, Jens Holzinger, Wolfgang Burchert, Dieter Horsikotte, Detlev Baller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)