tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized Comparison of Coronary Thrombolysis Achieved With Double-Bolus Reteplase (Recombinant Plasminogen Activator) and Front-Loaded, Accelerated Alteplase (Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator) in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Christoph Bode, Richard W. Smalling, Gunther Berg, Curtis Burnett, Gerald Lorch, John M. Kalbfleisch, Robert Chernoff, Leonard G. Christie, Robert L. Feldman, A. Allen Seals, W. Douglas Weaver
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The therapeutic benefit of thrombolytic therapy has been shown to correlate directly with completeness (TIMI grade 3 flow) and speed of reperfusion of the infarct-related coronary artery. The purpose of the RAPID II study was to determine whether a double-bolus regimen of reteplase, a recently developed deletion mutant of wild-type tissue plasminogen activator, could improve 90-minute coronary artery patency rates achieved with the most successful standard regimen, an "accelerated" front-loaded infusion of alteplase.Three hundred twenty-four patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomized to receive (along with intravenous heparin and aspirin) either a 10 plus 10 megaunits double bolus of reteplase or front-loaded alteplase. The primary end point of "patency at 90 minutes, graded according to the TIMI classification" was centrally assessed in a blinded fashion. Infarctrelated coronary artery patency (TIMI grade 2 or 3) and complete patency (TIMI grade 3) at 90 minutes after the start of thrombolytic therapy were significantly higher in the reteplase-treated patients (TIMI grade 2 or 3: 83.4% versus 73.3% for front-loaded alteplase-treated patients, P = .03; TIMI grade 3: 59.9% versus 45.2%, P = .01). At 60 minutes, the incidence of both, patency and complete patency, was also significantly higher in reteplase-treated patients (reteplase versus alteplase, TIMI grade 2 or 3: 81.8% versus 66.1%, P = .01; TIMI grade 3: 51.2% versus 37.4%, P < .03). Reteplase-treated patients required fewer acute additional coronary interventions (13.6% versus 26.5%, P < .01), and 35-day mortality was 4.1% for reteplase and 8.4% for alteplase (P = NS). There were no significant differences between reteplase and alteplase in bleedings requiring a transfusion (12.4% versus 9.7%) or hemorrhagic stroke (1.2% versus 1.9%).Reteplase, when given as a double bolus of 10 plus 10 megaunits to patients with acute myocardial infarction, achieves significantly higher rates of early reperfusion of the infarct-related coronary artery and requires significantly fewer acute coronary interventions than front-loaded alteplase without an apparent increased risk of complications.
Plasma cortisol levels in lung cancer.
Authors: I. Lichter, N. E. Sirett
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Renal Artery Reconstruction-Ammann et al.MEIBLJOURNAL ately distal to the renal arteries the haemodynanmic situation in the aorta and renal arteries is changed.The laminar blood stream becomes turbulent and the renal arteries must bear the whole resulting kinetic energy.A vasospasm of the vasa afferentia might be induced.The volume flow, already reduced by turbulence, is further reduced.Atheromatous emboli, released and dispersed from the clamped aorta (Thurlbeck and Castleman, 1957), and vasoactive substances, released by the renin- angiotensin-mechanism (Kountz et al., 1963), appear to be complementary factors.If the aorta is cross-clamped distal to the renal arteries for a maximum of two hours renal function is temporarily disturbed.As was shown experimentally, tubular necrosis arises after infrarenal cross-clamping for over two hours.The frequency of this complication after aortic surgery is given as between 3.8 and 20% (Kountz et al., 1963).Different prophylactic measures have been recommended.Nanson and Noble (1959) injected local anaesthetics and ganglion-blockers into the renal pedicle; Barry et al. (1961) gave osmotic active mannitol during operation and in the immediate postoperative phase.Finally, it was suggested that adiphenine hydrochloride or Arfonad (trimetaphan camsylate) should be injected into the renal pedicle during operation (Doolan et al., 1960).Our two cases of acute contralateral renal failure after unilateral renal artery reconstruction were probably caused by the same mechanisms as mentioned above.During the operations on the right kidney the aorta was cross-clamped for 31 and 77 minutes respectively, the clamp being placed in both cases obliquely-that is, from the right cranial to the left caudal aspect.The blood flow to the left kidney appeared to be ensured that way.In both cases, however, turbulence in the aorta, spasms of the vasa afferentia, and resulting decrease in flow of the open renal artery obviously caused renal ischaemia and parenchymal damage.If in unilateral renal artery reconstruction an aortic clamp is placed in such a way that the contralateral renal artery is still perfused, then damage of this kidney is possible even after a short cross-clamping time. SummaryTwo cases of contralateral acute reversible renal failure after unilateral renovascular operation are reported.The failure was proved by intravenous pyelography, renography, and ureteral catheterization.Three months later renal function was normal again, no treatment having been necessary.Probably the same factors play a part in failure of the untouched kidney as in renal failure after aortic surgery.The haemodynamic situation in the aorta is altered when the aorta is cross-clamped immedi- ately distal to the renal arteries.This results in renal ischaemia, and, in other cases, unilateral anuria and renal insufficiency.
Association between depression and abuse by partners of women attending general practice: descriptive, cross sectional survey
Authors: Kelsey Hegarty, Jane Gunn, Patty Chondros, Rhonda Small
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Abstract Objective To explore the association between depression and physical, emotional, and sexual abuse by partners or ex-partners of women attending general practice. Design Descriptive, cross sectional survey. Setting 30 general practitioners in Victoria, Australia. Participants 1257 consecutive female patients. Main outcome measures Some type of abuse in an adult intimate relationship (composite abuse scale), depression (Beck depression inventory or Edinburgh postnatal depression scale), and physical health (SF-36). Results 18.0% (218/1213) of women scored as currently probably depressed and 24.1% (277/1147) had experienced some type of abuse in an adult intimate relationship. Depressed women were significantly more likely to have experienced severe combined abuse than women who were not depressed after adjusting for other significant sociodemographic variables (odds ratio 5.8, 95% confidence interval 2.8 to 12.0). These variables included not being married, having a poor education, being on a low income, being unemployed or receiving a pension, pregnancy status, or being abused as a child. Conclusion Physical, emotional, and sexual abuse are strongly associated with depression in women attending general practice. Doctors should sensitively ask depressed women about their experiences of violence and abuse in intimate relationships. Research into depression should include measures of partner abuse in longitudinal and intervention studies.
Human neutrophils contain and bind high molecular weight kininogen.
Authors: E J Gustafson, A H Schmaier, Y T Wachtfogel, N Kaufman, U Kucich, R W Colman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Because plasma kallikrein activates human neutrophils, and in plasma prekallikrein (PK) circulates complexed with high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK), we determined whether HMWK could mediate kallikrein's association with neutrophils. HMWK antigen (237 +/- 61 ng HMWK/10(8) neutrophils) was present in lysates of washed human neutrophils. Little if any plasma HMWK was tightly bound and nonexchangeable with the neutrophil surface. Human neutrophils were found to possess surface membrane-binding sites for HMWK but no internalization was detected at 37 degrees C. 125I-HMWK binding to neutrophils was dependent upon Zn2+. Binding of 125I-HMWK to neutrophils was specific and 90% reversible. 125I-HMWK binding to neutrophils was saturable with an apparent Kd of 9-18 nM and 40,000-70,000 sites per cell. Upon binding to neutrophils, 125I-HMWK was proteolyzed by human neutrophil elastase (HNE) into lower relative molecular mass derivatives. Furthermore, HMWK found in neutrophils also served as a cofactor for HNE secretion because neutrophils deficient in HMWK have reduced HNE secretion when stimulated in plasma deficient in HMWK or with purified kallikrein. These studies indicate that human neutrophils contain a binding site for HMWK that could serve to localize plasma or neutrophil HMWK on their surface to possibly serve as a receptor for kallikrein and to participate in HNE secretion by this enzyme.
Gene Expression Profiles of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reveal Transcriptional Signatures as Novel Biomarkers of Cardiac Remodeling in Rats With Aldosteronism and Hypertensive Heart Disease
Authors: Ivan C. Gerling, Robert A. Ahokas, German Kamalov, Wenyuan Zhao, Syamal K. Bhattacharya, Yao Sun, Karl T. Weber
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)
Costs Associated With Surgical Site Infections in Veterans Affairs Hospitals
Authors: Marin L. Schweizer, Joseph J. Cullen, Eli N. Perencevich, Mary S. Vaughan Sarrazin
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are potentially preventable complications that are associated with excess morbidity and mortality.To determine the excess costs associated with total, deep, and superficial SSIs among all operations and for high-volume surgical specialties.Surgical patients from 129 Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals were included. The Veterans Health Administration Decision Support System and VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program databases were used to assess costs associated with SSIs among VA patients who underwent surgery in fiscal year 2010.Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate incremental costs associated with SSIs, controlling for patient risk factors, surgical risk factors, and hospital-level variation in costs. Costs of the index hospitalization and subsequent 30-day readmissions were included. Additional analysis determined potential cost savings of quality improvement programs to reduce SSI rates at hospitals with the highest risk-adjusted SSI rates.Among 54,233 VA patients who underwent surgery, 1756 (3.2%) experienced an SSI. Overall, 0.8% of the cohort had a deep SSI, and 2.4% had a superficial SSI. The mean unadjusted costs were $31,580 and $52,620 for patients without and with an SSI, respectively. In the risk-adjusted analyses, the relative costs were 1.43 times greater for patients with an SSI than for patients without an SSI (95% CI, 1.34-1.52; difference, $11,876). Deep SSIs were associated with 1.93 times greater costs (95% CI, 1.71-2.18; difference, $25,721), and superficial SSIs were associated with 1.25 times greater costs (95% CI, 1.17-1.35; difference, $7003). Among the highest-volume specialties, the greatest mean cost attributable to SSIs was $23,755 among patients undergoing neurosurgery, followed by patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, general surgery, peripheral vascular surgery, and urologic surgery. If hospitals in the highest 10th percentile (ie, the worst hospitals) reduced their SSI rates to the rates of the hospitals in the 50th percentile, the Veterans Health Administration would save approximately $6.7 million per year.Surgical site infections are associated with significant excess costs. Among analyzed surgery types, deep SSIs and SSIs among neurosurgery patients are associated with the highest risk-adjusted costs. Large potential savings per year may be achieved by decreasing SSI rates.
Reticulum-cell Sarcoma of the Kidneys
Authors: A. F. Tuboku-Metzger
Journal: BMJ (1955)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The dissemination of cases of the new SAR-COV-2 coronavirus represents a serious public health problem for Latin America and Peru. For this reason, it is important to characterize the genome of the isolates that circulate in Latin America. To characterize the complete genome of first samples of the virus circulating in Peru, we amplified seven overlapping segments of the viral genome by RT-PCR and sequenced using Miseq platform. The results indicate that the genomes of the Peruvian SARS-COV-2 samples belong to the genetic groups G and S. Likewise, a phylogenetic and MST analysis of the isolates confirm the introduction of multiple isolates from Europe and Asia that, after border closing, were transmitted locally in the capital and same regions of the country. These Peruvian samples (56%) grouped into two clusters inside G clade and share B.1.1.1 lineage. The characterization of these isolates must be considered for the use and design of diagnostic tools, and effective treatment and vaccine formulations.
ATP sensitive potassium channels are involved in adenosine A2 receptor mediated coronary vasodilatation in the dog
Authors: Y. Akatsuka, K. Egashira, Y. Katsuda, T. Narishige, H. Ueno, H. Shimokawa, A. Takeshita
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

The aim was to determine a role of ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in adenosine A2 receptor mediated coronary vasodilatation in anaesthetised dogs in vivo.Coronary blood flow in the left circumflex coronary artery, aortic pressure, and left ventricular pressure were measured during intracoronary infusions of the drugs into the left circumflex artery.A non-selective A2 receptor agonist NECA (5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) at 10(-10)-10(-8) mol.min-1 before and after an A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine) increased coronary blood flow in a dose dependent manner, without affecting other haemodynamic variables. Glibenclamide at 10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, which did not alter baseline haemodynamic variables, markedly inhibited the increases in coronary blood flow caused by NECA alone and after DPCPX (p < 0.01). A non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline abolished the NECA induced increases in coronary blood flow after DPCPX. These results suggest that A2 receptor mediated coronary vasodilatation was mediated largely by opening of KATP channels. Glibenclamide did not alter the increase in coronary blood flow evoked by forskolin or acetylcholine, suggesting that KATP channels may not be involved in coronary vasodilatation induced by activation of adenylate cyclase or guanylate cyclase. Furthermore, DPCPX increased basal coronary blood flow, which was blocked by 8-phenyltheophylline and by glibenclamide, suggesting that it may have unmasked A2 receptor mediated coronary vasodilatation by inhibiting the A1 receptor mediated vasoconstricting action of endogenous adenosine.Opening of KATP channels may be involved importantly in adenosine A2 receptor mediated coronary vasodilatation in canine hearts.
RelA and RelB cross-talk and function in Epstein–Barr virus transformed B cells
Authors: A Chanut, F Duguet, A Marfak, A David, B Petit, M Parrens, S Durand-Panteix, M Boulin-Deveza, N Gachard, I Youlyouz-Marfak, D Bordessoule, J Feuillard, N Faumont
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Pseudolaric Acid B Inhibits Angiogenesis and Reduces Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α by Promoting Proteasome-Mediated Degradation
Authors: Mei-Hong Li, Ze-Hong Miao, Wen-Fu Tan, Jian-Min Yue, Chao Zhang, Li-Ping Lin, Xiong-Wen Zhang, Jian Ding
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Pseudolaric acid B (PAB), the naturally occurring diterpenoid isolated from the root bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon tree (Pinaceae), possesses potent antifungal and pregnancy-terminating effects that may be tightly associated with angiogenesis. This study was to examine its angiogenic inhibition, impact on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from tumor cells and the possible mechanism of action. Experimental Design: Angiogenesis inhibition was assessed by the human umbilical vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube-formation assays, as well as the chorioallantoic membrane assay. ELISA, reverse transcription-PCR, and Western blotting analyses were performed to examine VEGF protein secretion, mRNA expression, and the possible mechanism in hypoxic MDA-MB-468 cells. Results: PAB displayed potent in vitro antiangiogenic activity shown by inhibiting VEGF-stimulated proliferation and migration and fetal bovine serum-stimulated tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, PAB (10 nmol per egg) significantly suppressed in vivo angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane assay. On the other hand, PAB abrogated hypoxia-induced VEGF secretion from MDA-MB-468 cells via reducing HIF-1α protein. Additional analyses using LY294002 and U0126 indicated that the increase in hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α protein level was highly dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase activities in hypoxic MDA-MB-468 cells. However, PAB treatment did not affect the active (phosphorylated) forms of Akt and Erk. Interestingly, the selective proteasome inhibitor MG-132 completely reversed the reduction of HIF-1α protein in the PAB-treated MDA-MB-468 cells. Conclusions: PAB displays the dual antiangiogenic activities of directly inhibiting endothelial cells and abrogating paracrine stimulation of VEGF from tumor cells due to reducing HIF-1α protein by promoting its proteasome-mediated degradation in MDA-MB-468 cells, which has potential clinical relevance.
UNSUSPECTED FOREIGN BODIES IN THE STOMACH REVEALED BY AUTOPSY.
Authors: GILBERT T. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The following unusual case came under my observation while I was connected with the State Hospital, Danville, Pa.: <h3>Patient.</h3> —J. A., a Pole, aged 35, from Susqehanna, Pa., was admitted to the institution Aug. 6, 1896. <h3>History.</h3> —The mental status was one of melancholia terminating in dementia. There appeared little physical or mental change for several years. On Feb. 7, 1905, there was noticed a marked failure in the patient's physical health. Mentally he was quiet and gave no trouble. Physically he was weak and emaciated. For a week previously he had a rise of temperature. Several weeks before he had an attack accompanied with considerable pain in the region of the bladder. There was present marked hematuria which disappeared in a week's time under irrigations of boric acid. Several of these attacks occurred which responded to the irrigation treatment. On Feb. 15, the patient was gradually failing and lay
Aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-2 urinary excretion in cirrhosis: Relationship with ascites and hepatorenal syndrome
Authors: Christina Esteva-Font, Maria E. Baccaro, Patricia Fernández-Llama, Laia Sans, Monica Guevara, Elisabet Ars, Wladimiro Jiménez, Vicente Arroyo, Jose A. Ballarín, Pere Ginès
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Several experimental models of cirrhosis have shown dysregulation of renal aquaporins in different phases of liver disease. We investigated the urinary excretion of both aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-2 in patients with cirrhosis at different stages of the disease. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected from 11 healthy volunteers, 13 patients with compensated cirrhosis (without ascites), and 20 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (11 with ascites without renal failure and 9 with hepatorenal syndrome). Aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-2 excretion was analyzed by immunoblotting. Urinary aquaporin-2 excretion was reduced in patients with cirrhosis compared to healthy subjects. A progressive decrease in urinary aquaporin-2 excretion was observed as the severity of cirrhosis increased, from compensated cirrhosis to cirrhosis with ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. Patients with hyponatremia had lower urinary aquaporin-2 excretion than patients without hyponatremia. Vasopressin plasma level did not correlate with aquaporin-2 excretion. There were no differences between healthy subjects and patients with cirrhosis with or without ascites in urinary excretion of aquaporin-1, but urinary aquaporin-1 excretion of those with hepatorenal syndrome was extremely low. In conclusion , patients with cirrhosis appear to exhibit a decreased abundance of renal aquaporin-2 and therefore lower water permeability in the collecting tubules. This may represent an adaptive renal response to sodium retention, with expansion of extracellular fluid volume and dilutional hyponatremia observed in those who have cirrhosis with ascites. Finally, aquaporin-1 does not appear to play a role in the progressive dysregulation of extracellular fluid volume in cirrhosis.
Improving Inter-Observer Agreement and Certainty Level in Diagnosing and Grading Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms: Usefulness of a Bayesian Belief Network
Authors: Rodolfo Montironi, Roberta Mazzucchelli, Paola Colanzi, Marco Streccioni, Marina Scarpelli, Deborah Thompson, Peter H. Bartels
Journal: European Urology (2002)
Human taurine metabolism: fluxes and fractional extraction rates of the gut, liver, and kidneys
Authors: Mireille F.M. van Stijn, Mechteld A.R. Vermeulen, Michiel P.C. Siroen, Leanne N. Wong, M. Petrousjka van den Tol, Gerdien C. Ligthart-Melis, Alexander P.J. Houdijk, Paul A.M. van Leeuwen
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
543 EVALUATION OF SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS (SFV) VECTORS EXPRESSING IL-12 FOR TREATMENT OF HEPADNAVIRUS-INDUCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IN WOODCHUCKS
Authors: J.R. Rodriguez-Madoz, S.D. Butler, J.I. Quetglas, M. Ruiz-Guillen, J. Crettaz, I. Otano, K.H. Liu, I.A. Tochkov, C.A. Bellezza, N.L. Dykes, B.C. Tennant, J. Prieto, G. González-Aseguinolaza, C. Smerdou, S. Menne
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Hospital Practice in Nepal
Authors: Marguand M. Gorton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

For the past three years I have been working as an internist in a community hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. At 1400 meters above sea level, Patan Hospital commands a panoramic view of the central Himalayas, from Annapurna in the west to the Everest district far to the east. No less stimulating than the view is the experience of practicing medicine in a non-Western culture. Stepping outside one's usual frame of reference offers fresh perspectives on many problems familiar to readers of the Journal: the place of technology in medicine, control of hospital costs, and death and dying, to name a . . .
Scintigraphic Detection of Pulmonary Emboli by Serial Positron Imaging of Inhaled<sup>15</sup>O-Labeled Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Allen B. Nichols, Saadia Cochavi, Charles A. Hales, H. William Strauss, Kenneth A. McKusick, Arthur C. Waltman, George A. Beller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Inhaled radioactive carbon dioxide is retained in pulmonary blood distal to embolic obstruction and appears as an area of increased radioactivity that delineates the site and magnitude of the affected zone. The scintigraphic detection of pulmonary emboli by serial imaging of inhaled carbon dioxide labeled with cyclotron-produced 15O2 was evaluated in 27 patients undergoing conventional pulmonary ventilation/perfusion imaging and pulmonary arteriography. Fifteen patients proved to have pulmonary emboli on arteriography. Sensitivity (87%) and specificity (92%) rates for inhalation imaging were superior to those of conventional ventilation/perfusion imaging (P less than 0.05). Clearance of 15O2 activity was markedly delayed over embolized pulmonary segments (mean half time of 47.0 +/- 11.1 seconds [S.E.M.]) in comparison to normal segments (mean of 3.6 +/- 0.08 seconds; P less than 0.001). Pulmonary imaging by this method provides an approach to the detection of pulmonary emboli that is relatively sensitive and specific and permits analysis of persisting perfusion in embolized pulmonary segments. A major practical limitation, however, is the necessity of a nearby cyclotron.