tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cell Proliferation and Chemical Carcinogenesis: summary and future directions
Authors: James A. Swenberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Although it has been acknowledged for many years that cell proliferation is essential for carcinogenesis, this is the first meeting to directly focus on its role in carcinogenesis in a comprehensive manner.Many of the critical issues were outlined by Dr. Melnick in his opening remarks.Of particular interest is what data can be brought to bear on the recent controversies regarding the role of cell proliferation in studies of nongenotoxic carcinogens tested at maximum tolerated doses (MTD), and can cell proliferation alone be a cause of cancer?The symposium talks and poster presentations have been comprehensive and highly illumi- nating.It is impossible to truly summarize such a meeting, but I will try to place some of the major issues in perspective.Speakers at this meeting have frequently referred to the multistep process of carcinogenesis.Many chemical carcinogens require metabolic activation to produce reactive electrophiles.Genotoxic agents directly dam- age DNA, whereas other chemicals may generate free radicals and indirectly damage DNA.In addition, spontaneous or background damage to DNA is always present.None of this DNA damage becomes a muta- tion unless cell replication takes place.This cell replication can be the de novo replication of a particular tis- sue or cell type, it can be modulated either up or down by toxicity, or it may be influenced by exposure to exogenous agents such as promoters.After fixation of such damage in the form of mutations at critical sites in the genome, we have the very first step in carcinogenesis, the initiated cell.In the past, we have focused primarily on point mutations; however, it is now known that chromosomal changes, such as insertions,
Tenofovir for patients with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and high HBV DNA level during adefovir therapy
Authors: Florian van Bömmel, Bernhard Zöllner, Christoph Sarrazin, Ulrich Spengler, Dietrich Hüppe, Bernd Möller, Heinz-Hubert Feucht, Bertram Wiedenmann, Thomas Berg
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Incomplete virological response to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) has been observed in patients with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and may be associated with developing resistance and disease progression. We therefore investigated whether the efficacy of viral suppression could be improved by replacing ADV with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Twenty patients with chronic HBV infection (18 HBeAg+), viral breakthrough during lamivudine therapy, and persistent viral replication (&gt;104 copies/mL) after 15 months of ADV monotherapy (range 4-28 months) were treated with TDF 300 mg daily and were retrospectively analyzed. A screening for nucleoside/nucleotide analogue resistance mutations within the HBV polymerase gene was performed in all patients by direct sequencing. Within a median of 3.5 months, application of TDF led to undetectable HBV DNA in 19 of 20 patients, as demonstrated by suppression of HBV DNA below the detection limit of 400 copies/mL. Initially elevated ALT levels had normalized in 10 of 14 patients by the end of follow-up (median 12 months, range 3-24 months). Four patients lost HBeAg, after 3, 4, 5, and 16 months, and one patient seroconverted to anti-HBs after 16 months of TDF therapy. Lamivudine-associated mutations (rtV173L, rtL180M, rtM204V/I) could be detected in 6 patients at baseline of TDF, but this obviously did not influence the response. ADV-resistant mutations were not detected. No side effects were reported. In conclusion , these preliminary observations strongly suggest that TDF might be a highly effective rescue drug for HBV-infected patients with altered responsiveness to treatment with lamivudine and ADV.
Heparin Versus Heparin-Bishydroxycoumarin Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: George C. Griffith
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Thrombotic complications dominated in the group treated with bishydroxycoumarin (12, compared to 5 in the heparin group). Embolic complications predominated in those treated with heparin (five, compared to one in the bishydroxycoumarin group). Of 52 patients receiving adequate bishydroxycoumarin therapy, 16 died; 8 in the group of 12 died while receiving inadequate therapy. Of 75 with adequate heparinization, 16 died; 12 out of 25 died with inadequate heparin therapy. Three or more complications were followed by death in 11 of 19 given bishydroxycoumarin and 14 of 60 given heparin.
Abstract C40: αvβ6 integrin promotes a TGFβ1-mediated cancer cell autonomous osteolytic program through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)
Authors: Anindita Dutta, Jing Li, Huimin Lu, Jacqueline Akech, Jitesh Pratap, Tao Wang, Thomas J. FitzGerald, Zhong Jiang, Shelia M. Violette, Gary S. Stein, Jane B. Lian, Lucia R. Languino
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Metastatic prostate cancer to the bone is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Because the molecular basis of this process is not completely understood, current treatment is largely palliative, aiming at reducing severe bone pain, nerve compression and pathological fractures. The molecular circuitries controlling osseous prostate metastasis are known to depend on the activity of a pro-metastatic cytokine, TGFβ1, and of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMP2 is known to enhance prostate cancer-mediated bone degradation and has been reported to be induced by TGFβ1. Various studies show that the αvβ6 integrin activates and is induced by TGFβ1, thus potentiating TGFβ1 responses in the sites where it is expressed. However, a role for αvβ6 in regulating TGFβ1—induced MMP2 has not been described before. Here, we demonstrate that the αvβ6 integrin is upregulated in human prostate cancer bone metastasis and promotes osteolysis as observed by μ–computed tomography (μ–CT) in an in vivo model of metastatic bone disease. Using immunoblotting and real-time PCR analysis, we provide evidence that the αvβ6 integrin sustains TGFβ1—dependent upregulation of MMP2 mRNA and protein levels by associating with TGFβ receptor II. We also show that αvβ6 contributes to upregulation of MMP2 by TGFβ1 through a highly specific transcriptional program mediated by Smad3, and promotes osteolysis in vivo through upregulation of MMP2 in cancer cells. In conclusion, we have identified a novel role of the αvβ6 integrin in directing, in vivo, a cell-autonomous osteolytic program through activation of MMP2. These mechanistic studies will support the development of novel molecular strategies for prostate cancer bone metastasis through inhibition of the TGFβ1\αvβ6\MMP2 signaling pathway. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the following grants: NIH — RO1 CA89720 to Dr. Lucia R. Languino and NIH — PO1 CA140043 to Drs. Lucia R. Languino, Gary S. Stein, Jane B. Lian. Drs. Dutta and Li share the first authorship. Citation Format: Anindita Dutta, Jing Li, Huimin Lu, Jacqueline Akech, Jitesh Pratap, Tao Wang, Thomas J. FitzGerald, Zhong Jiang, Shelia M. Violette, Gary S. Stein, Jane B. Lian, Lucia R. Languino. αvβ6 integrin promotes a TGFβ1-mediated cancer cell autonomous osteolytic program through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C40.
<i>PTEN</i> Mutations as a Cause of Constitutive Insulin Sensitivity and Obesity
Authors: Aparna Pal, Thomas M. Barber, Martijn Van de Bunt, Simon A. Rudge, Qifeng Zhang, Katherine L. Lachlan, Nicola S. Cooper, Helen Linden, Jonathan C. Levy, Michael J.O. Wakelam, Lisa Walker, Fredrik Karpe, Anna L. Gloyn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Epidemiologic and genetic evidence links type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The tumor-suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) has roles in both cellular growth and metabolic signaling. Germline PTEN mutations cause a cancer-predisposition syndrome, providing an opportunity to study the effect of PTEN haploinsufficiency in humans.
Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Noel S. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  In the report of their case-control study that appeared in the March 25 issue ofTHE JOURNAL, Marchbanks et al 1 estimated the risk of ectopic pregnancy in current users of intrauterine devices (IUDs) to be 13.7 times that of nonusers. However, we believe that because of the way the authors defined their control group that this value seriously overstates the true excess risk associated with the use of an IUD.  Ideally, controls in a case-control study should be all or a sample of that population at risk for the disease from which the cases arose. For practical reasons, often this ideal is not met, and it is necessary to choose as controls persons who have conditions or illnesses that are different than the one under investigation. This choice will produce a valid result only to the extent that the controls selected have a frequency of exposure
Case 24-1969
Authors: John A. Kastor, Irwin K. Kline
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Presentation of Case First admission. A forty-seven-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for excision of a renal cyst.Six years previously, because of pain in the left flank and pyuria, intravenous pyelographic and cystoscopic examinations were done at another hospital, and the diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease was made. One year later he entered the hospital because of abdominal pain, nocturia and weight loss. The blood pressure was 150 systolic, 105 diastolic. An intravenous pyelographic examination revealed distortion of the collecting structures and scalloping of the renal contours, compatible with polycystic kidneys; the right kidney was 19 by 10 . . .
Studies of Viral Respiratory Disease in Marine Personnel.
Authors: H. H. Bloom
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961Studies of Viral Respiratory Disease in Marine Personnel.H. H. Bloom, Ph.D., K. M. Johnson, M.D., M. A. Mufson, M.D., R. Jacobsen, M.D., R. H. Chanock, M.D.H. H. Bloom, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, K. M. Johnson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. A. Mufson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. Jacobsen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. H. Chanock, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1053_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough major advances have been made in the unravelling of a significant portion of viral respiratory disease in children, little is definitively known concerning adult mankind's most common disorder—the cold.Intensive study of respiratory disease produced by adenoviruses in young men during the recruit phase of military training has been highly rewarding, but only for that special group. Recent discoveries have provided the virologist with an almost bewildering host of potential new cold viruses.A study of such illnesses in nonrecruit military personnel suggests that different agents are prevalent at different times and produce essentially similar mild illnesses in distinct... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1053-1053KeywordsArmed forcesChildrenCommon coldPulmonary diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
1097-93 Paradoxical utilization of invasive cardiac procedures for patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: An American-Canadian comparison from the CRUSADE initiative and Canadian registries
Authors: Mohammad Zia, Shaun G Goodman, Matthew T Roe, Jyotsna Mulgand, Anatoly Langer, Mary Tan, E Magnus Ohman, W.Brian Gibler, Charles V Pollack, Eric D Peterson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Continuous Infusion of Prostacyclin Normalizes Plasma Markers of Endothelial Cell Injury and Platelet Aggregation in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Ronit Friedman, J. Gregory Mears, Robyn J. Barst
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is characterized by vascular injury of pulmonary arterioles, in which endothelial dysfunction may play a major role. Although continuous infusion of prostacyclin (prostaglandin I 2 , a potent vasodilator released by vascular endothelial cells) improves the clinical status and survival in PPH, its mechanism or mechanisms of action remain unclear. Methods and Results We measured endothelium-derived clotting factors and assayed platelet aggregation in 64 patients (26 adults and 38 children) with PPH before long-term PGI 2 therapy. Repeat studies were performed in 42 patients (18 adults, 24 children) after one year of PGI 2 therapy. At baseline, 87% of adults and 79% of children had abnormal platelet aggregation. In addition, factor VIII, von Willebrand (vW) antigen, and ristocetin cofactor levels were abnormally high in 92%, 72%, and 52%, respectively, of the adults versus 29%, 16%, and 16%, respectively, of the children ( P &lt;.005 adults versus children). With long-term PGI 2 , platelet aggregation normalized in 83% of the adults and 80% of the children who had platelet aggregation abnormalities at baseline ( P &lt;.01). Factor VIII, vW antigen, and ristocetin cofactor also decreased with long-term PGI 2 in both groups ( P &lt;.02). The ratio of ristocetin cofactor to vW antigen, which may reflect biological activity of vW factor, increased with long-term PGI 2 in adults from an abnormally low level (0.6±0.2) to normal level (1.1±0.4), and in children the ratio increased from 0.8±0.3 to 1.3±0.4 (normal, 0.8 to 1.4). Conclusions Alterations in the coagulation system may contribute to the pathogenesis of PPH; the normalization of these endothelial markers concomitant with improvement in hemodynamic parameters with long-term PGI 2 suggests that long-term PGI 2 remodels the pulmonary vascular bed with subsequent decreases in endothelial cell injury and hypercoagulability.
The Problem of Spurious Correlations Between Pairs of Brain Metabolite Values Measured in the Same Voxel With Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy—Reply
Authors: Nina V. Kraguljac, Gary R. Cutter, Charity Morgan, Adrienne C. Lahti
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Creating polymer hydrogel microfibres with internal alignment via electrical and mechanical stretching
Authors: Shuming Zhang, Xi Liu, Sebastian F. Barreto-Ortiz, Yixuan Yu, Brian P. Ginn, Nicholas A. DeSantis, Daphne L. Hutton, Warren L. Grayson, Fu-Zhai Cui, Brian A. Korgel, Sharon Gerecht, Hai-Quan Mao
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Fusion of ZMIZ1 to ABL1 in a B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with a t(9;10)(q34;q22.3) translocation
Authors: G Soler, I Radford-Weiss, R Ben-abdelali, N Mahlaoui, J F Ponceau, E A Macintyre, M Vekemans, O A Bernard, S P Romana
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Effects of Total-Body Irradiation on the Production of Antibody in Man
Authors: Irwin L. Stoloff, Farid I. Haurani, Evalyn F. Repplinger, W. Paul Havens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE numerous studies of the effects of whole-body irradiation on the immunologic response of animals have recently been reviewed,1 and attention has been called to the various factors involved in suppressing or delaying the production of antibody by this agent. These include the following: the amounts of antigen and radiation used; the relation of the time of administration of antigen to the administration of radiation; the type and rate of disappearance of the antigen; the type of response tested — that is, primary or secondary; and perhaps variation in the reaction of different species. In general, the anamnestic response is . . .
Points from Letters: "Hyper-" and "Hypo-"
Authors: N. W. Goodman
Journal: BMJ (1974)

average superannuable income of the 80 main Swansea principles for the year ended March 1974, a figure which included seniority payments.Published surveys have suggested that the local work load is up to twice the national average.Since April 1974 reorganization has brought all sectors of the profession into management participation with an ever- increasing number of managers in the Health Service whose duties and salaries are pub- lished.The nearest managers to the general practitioner are those at district level and the regional medical officers.For a five-day week they average a superannuable income of £7,500.General practitioners, with other clinicians, provide more than a five-day service but are unique in having to provide their own locums for sickness, study, and annual leave from income; and since reorganization parti- cipation in management through a host of new advisory committees, completely unpaid, make further inroads into the unsocial (leisure) periods.Kindersley recognized a shortfall in remuneration from 1966 which is still uncorrected and increasing.Achieve- ments with dynamism, buying added years, and threshold awards are only tinkering with the problem when the basic contract is faulty.We owe a duty to our dependants and successors to correct the discrepancy or our principal concern, the patient, will find the standard of his primary care in jeopardy.-I am, etc.,
Safety and feasibility of autologous myoblast transplantation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: Results from the United States experience
Authors: Nabil Dib, Patrick McCarthy, Ann Campbell, Johnathan Dinsmore, Michael Yeager, W.R. MacLellan, Gregg Fonarow, Robert E. Michler, Buchele Diane, Marwan Ghazoul, Edward B. Diethrich
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Frequency and clinical correlates of JAK2 46/1 (GGCC) haplotype in primary myelofibrosis
Authors: P Guglielmelli, F Biamonte, A Spolverini, L Pieri, A Isgrò, E Antonioli, A Pancrazzi, A Bosi, G Barosi, A M Vannucchi
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
318 DIFFERENTIATION OF ES-DERIVED HEPATIC PROGENITORS AND HepaRG CELL LINE INTO CHOLANGIOCYTE-LIKE CELLS
Authors: N. Dianat, H. Dubois-Pot-Schneider, A. Raveux, K. Si-Tayeb, A. Dubart Kupperschmitt, A. Corlu, A. Weber
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
The Importance of the Rapid Administration of Diazoxide in Accelerated Hypertension
Authors: William J. Mroczek, Barbara A. Leibel, Michael Davidov, Frank A. Finnerty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The effect of rapid (six to eight seconds) and slow (more than 10 minutes) infusions of diazoxide was compared in 15 hypertensive patients. In eight patients in the accelerated phase of hypertension the rate of administration of diazoxide influenced the degree and duration of antihypertensive response. After slow administration, there was no appreciable change in mean arterial pressure, whereas after the rapid administration, there was a 22 ± 8.9 per cent (± S.D.) average fall in mean arterial pressure lasting an average of 5.4 hours. In seven patients with chronic hypertension the rate of administration of diazoxide did not influence either the degree or the duration of hypotension. Since the status of the vascular disease influences antihypertensive drug response, characterization of the clinical status of the patient seems to be essential in any evaluation of antihypertensive drug response.
Outbreaks Spur Measles Vaccine Studies
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Randomized Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and Carboplatin with or without Cediranib as First-Line Therapy in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study N0528
Authors: Grace K. Dy, Sumithra J. Mandrekar, Garth D. Nelson, Jeffrey P. Meyers, Araba A. Adjei, Helen J. Ross, Rafat H. Ansari, Alan P. Lyss, Philip J. Stella, Steven E. Schild, Julian R. Molina, Alex A. Adjei
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Identification of c-fos-responsive elements downstream of TAR in the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus type-1.
Authors: K A Roebuck, D A Brenner, M F Kagnoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Activation of HIV-1 requires the binding of host cell transcription factors to cis elements in the proviral long terminal repeat (LTR). This study identifies c-fos-responsive sequence motifs in the U5 transcribed noncoding leader sequences downstream of the viral transactivator responsive (TAR) element. These DNA sequence motifs are the most downstream regulatory elements described thus far in the HIV-1 LTR. Functional studies, using human colon epithelial cell lines, demonstrate that the downstream elements are transactivated by expression of the c-fos protooncogene and can transmit PMA and TNF alpha activation signals to the viral LTR. Moreover, the c-fos-responsive elements mediate HIV-1 LTR transcription independent of Tat and the NF kappa B-binding enhancer element. Nuclear extracts of colon epithelial cells form distinct gel mobility shift complexes with the c-fos-responsive elements. These complexes comigrate with a gel shift complex formed on a classical CRE oligonucleotide and are competed by CRE oligonucleotides. These data indicate that the HIV-1 LTR contains previously unrecognized functional DNA cis-regulatory elements downstream of TAR in the transcribed noncoding 5' leader sequence and suggest that early response genes such as c-fos play a role in the activation of HIV-1 gene expression.