tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implications of output-bound measures for laboratory and field research in memory
Authors: Ronald P. Fisher
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Everyday memory tasks often require that researchers focus on output-bound measures of memory. As a result, nonmemorial processes (e.g., report option and grain size) may influence recall accuracy. These nonmemorial processes, usually eliminated by laboratory researchers, have the potential to explain some anomalous results and may even be useful to enhance everyday recollection.
Management of medication overuse headache
Authors: None Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Headache is one of the most frequent reasons for medical consultation in both general practice and specialist neurology clinics.1 Prescribed and over-the-counter medications are taken to alleviate headaches, but may be used incorrectly.2 In particular, use of some drugs both frequently and regularly can have a paradoxical effect, causing headaches rather than relieving them, and leading to medication overuse headache (MOH).3 Such overuse is a common cause of frequent headache. Here we review MOH and its management.

The International Classification of Headache Disorders , 2nd edition states that for a diagnosis of MOH, all of the following criteria must be present:

### The preceding headache problem

Headaches may be primary (eg, migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache) or secondary (eg, associated with trauma, subarachnoid haemorrhage, intracranial neoplasm, infection or the use or withdrawal of substances such as alcohol or drugs).3 5 MOH occurs only in patients with a history of primary headache.6 7 It is most likely to affect patients with migraine and/or tension-type headache,7 8 but can also arise in association with cluster headache, particularly if there is a personal or family history of migraine or regular headache.9

### Epidemiology

Studies from various countries suggest that the prevalence of MOH is around 1% of adults and 0.5% of adolescents (aged 13–18 years) in the general population;10 around 25–64% in those attending tertiary care headache …
CORRECT NUTRITION AND SUPPLEMENTS HAS SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS ON ANAEROBIC POWER AND CAPACITY OF LOWER AND UPPER LIMBS OF ELITE WRESTLERS
Authors: Masoud Abbasalipour
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Aim The aim of study was to investigate the influence of correct nutrition, creatine and glutamine supplements on anaerobic power, capacity of upper and lower limbs of the elite wrestlers of Mazandaran province, Iran. Materials and methods The samples for this study consisted of 18–27 years old elite wrestlers. The voluntaries were divided into creatine, glutamine, supplement, correct nutrition and control groups. After a usual warm-up exercise for 15 minutes, the participants exercised with a hand and bicycle ergometer with the maximum energy till the point of complete exhaustion and afterwards physical performance tests were carried out. Paired t test was used for measurement of anaerobic power. Results As have shown the results the effect of correct nutrition, supplements (creatine and glutamine) on anaerobic power and capacity of lower and upper limbs of elite wrestlers of Mazandaran province, there was practically no need to use a glutamine as a separate supplement cause of its lower efficiency. As about creatine supplement have to say that surely it have a positive effect on the anaerobic power and capacity of upper and lower limbs. Conclusion The effect of correct nutrition, supplements (creatine and glutamine) on anaerobic power and capacity of lower and upper limbs of elite wrestlers of Mazandaran province, there is practically no need to use a glutamine as a separate supplement cause of its lower efficiency. As about creatine supplement have to say that surely it have a positive effect on the anaerobic power and capacity of upper and lower limbs, but despite the known fact that diet cannot provide the necessary creatine quantity we prove by our study that depend on type of diet and ingredients quantity and quality it is possible to reach the same results as if we use the supplements itself.
Rubella-like or morbilliform eruptions in non-immunosuppressed patients with positive IgM antibody to cytomegalovirus
Authors: M. Seishima, T. Izumi, Z. Oyama
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Sir, Most adults have been infected by cytomegalovirus (CMV), often subclinically and asymptomatically.1 CMV infection shows a broad spectrum of skin manifestations1 such as vesicles,2 ulceration,3,4 erythema nodosum,5 petechiae and purpura, papular acrodermatitis,6 and urticarial and morbilliform eruptions.4,7 These cutaneous manifestations have been reported mostly in patients with AIDS, malignant neoplasms, or immunosuppression after organ transplantation.1 We describe here the clinical characteristics of nine non‐immunosuppressed adult patients with positive IgM antibody to CMV. The clinical background and features of the patients are summarized in Table 1. Fever, skin rash with itching, and sore throat were observed as clinical symptoms. None of the nine patients had a history of blood transfusion or bone marrow transplantation. Patients 1 and 6 were negative for HIV, and the other seven patients were not tested but stated they were HIV negative. Patient 6 received hysterosalpingectomy for cervical carcinoma 6 months before the skin rash, but neither local recurrence nor metastasis of the cancer was found. The other patients had no relevant medical history. Oral administration of antibiotics was given to three patients (cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride for patient 1, clarithromycin for patient 3 and lenampicillin hydrochloride for patient 7) for one day in the initial phase of the fever and skin eruption. The patients refused permission for the drug challenge test to be performed.
Abstract 830: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 and chemosensitivity in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Amy L. Silvers, Lin Lin, David G. Beer, Andrew C. Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The overall long-term survival for patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remains poor. Despite improved understanding of the progression from Barrett's esophagus to dysplasia to adenocarcinoma, patients commonly present with advanced stage disease and demonstrate resistance to conventional therapy, with response rates below 40%. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of resistance is crucial for predicting and overcoming this resistance. Twenty EAC tissues obtained from patients subsequently treated with chemotherapy were examined using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays. Genes differentially expressed in disease-free patients compared to patients with recurrent disease were identified. One such gene, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), is a member of the IGF signaling pathway, which has been shown to play pivotal roles in cell growth, differentiation, survival, transformation, and metastasis. Increased IGFBP-2 expression has been reported in many advanced tumor types and has been previously linked to chemoresistance, making it a promising potential target in EAC. Mean IGFBP-2 levels were significantly higher in patients with recurrent disease and increased expression was associated with worse outcome independent of stage. Of three EAC cell lines examined (Flo-1, OE33, OE19), Flo-1 cells showed the highest IGFBP-2 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. To examine the role of IGFBP-2 in chemoresistance, Flo-1 cells were pre-treated with siRNA to IGFBP-2 followed by chemotherapy in the presence or absence of serum and analyzed using WST-1 cell proliferation assays. Knocking down IGFBP-2 sensitized Flo-1 cells to cisplatin in the presence of serum and increased proliferation in serum-free conditions, suggesting that IGFBP-2 may be anti-proliferative in this EAC cell line. In addition, treatment of Flo-1 cells with both acute and chronic doses of cisplatin decreased expression of IGFBP-2. Stable transfection of IGFBP-2 into low-level IGFBP-2-expressing OE33 and OE19 cells did not alter cellular proliferation/chemosensitivity, migration, or epithelial-mesenchymal transition as determined by WST-1, wound healing, and Western analyses, respectively, possibly due to amplification of the ErbB2 gene in these cell lines. Although preliminary data suggest that IGFBP-2 may mediate chemoresistance in EAC, its effects may be masked by more potent genetic alterations. Further analysis of the IGF signaling pathway is warranted to determine its significance in the chemoresistance of EAC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 830. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-830
A Paper on TISSUE CHANGES IN VIRUS DISEASES
Authors: J. C. G. Ledingham
Journal: BMJ (1932)

Since the wax, investigations of virus diseases have been in many directions remarkably fruitful, and the experi mental methods employed have been pursued with such intensity in particular instances that the results have illuminated many hitherto obscure problems concerning the interaction of host tissue with parasites, both visible and invisible. Intimate tissue changes have also received their full measure of attention. I emphasize this point because it has been said, with considerable truth, that the advent of the bacteriological era, with the possibility of demonstrating the causative agents of infectious disease in the tissues, has had the effect of withdrawing attention from the minute histological study of the interaction between host and parasite. The early phases of this interaction are still little understood.
A Clinical Lecture ON A CONSECUTIVE SERIES OF 34 CASES OF EXCISION OF A PORTION OF THE RECTUM FOR CARCINOMA: Delivered in Bristol General Hospital, January 22nd, 1908
Authors: C. A. Morton
Journal: BMJ (1908)

COSSHAM MEMORIAL ROSPITAL.GENTLZML1,---I do not propose to-day to lecture on-cancer of the rectum and Its operative treatment..You will hear lectures on the subject in the systematio-course of surgery, and can read about it nott only In your textbooks, but also In-recent books and jourial papers by Sir Charles Ball and Mr. Harrison Cripps and others.What I pro- pose to do In this lecture is to give you the result of my own experience in a series of 34 consecutive cases of rectal cancer treated by excision, and to dlcuss questions arising In connexion with these-cases.I find on looking up my case-books that I have removed a portion of the rectum for carcinoma in 34 cases,* and attempted to do so, but had to abandon the attempt, in one case In which I could not safelyremove the whole of the growth.Curiously enough, this is the last of the series I have operated upon.I could have removed the growth in the bowel, but found a nodule high up behind the-rectum, and too fixed to remove.
I<scp>G</scp>E AND I<scp>G</scp>GA ANTIBODY-MEDIATED RELEASE OF HISTAMINE FROM RAT PERITONEAL CELLS
Authors: Michael K. Bach, Kurt J. Bloch, K. Frank Austen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

IgGa, in contrast to IgE, antibodies mediated the antigen-induced release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells without a requirement for a latent period and without the capacity to bind firmly to the target cell. Nonetheless, IgGa anti-DNP antibody interfered with the capacity of rat anti-N. brasiliensis antiserum rich in IgE antibodies to prepare the target cells for histamine release by worm antigen. Further, interaction of IgE antibody-prepared cells with IgGa anti-DNP antibody and DNP-BSA at 0 degrees C so as to achieve sterile activation, or at 30 degrees C to permit histamine release, inactivated such cells as determined by the subsequent failure to release histamine upon challenge with worm antigen. Thus, although IgE and IgGa antibodies are immunochemically distinct homologous immunoglobulins and exhibit different functional characteristics, their interaction at the target cell involves a common receptor and at least one common point in the pathway to the release of pharmacologic agents from the cell.
Libyan health system is "absolutely stretched," says UN
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Libya’s health system is struggling to cope as shortages of drugs, vaccines, and medical supplies hamper efforts to provide essential services and treat large numbers of casualties, a top UN official has warned.

Panos Moumtzis, the UN humanitarian coordinator in Libya, told the BMJ in an exclusive interview: “In terms of medical needs, they are absolutely being stretched.”

He said although the international community had sent in surgeons and medical teams a “significant” number of doctors and nurses had left the country.

Mr Moumtzis said the ministers of health—both in (opposition controlled) Benghazi and in Tripoli—had voiced their concerns about low stocks of vaccines and drugs for chronic diseases and for HIV.

He said the World Health Organization …
S109 The introduction of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy increases overall radical treatment rates for stage I lung cancer but does not reduce surgical resection rates–a two centre study
Authors: L Cheyne, G Esterbrook, S Viadyanathan, R Milton, G Smith, P Blaxill, K Clarke, M Snee, K Franks, MEJ Callister
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is a new treatment option for peripheral stage I lung cancer in patients unfit for surgical resection. SABR was introduced to Leeds Teaching Hospitals (LTHT) and Mid Yorkshire Hospitals (MYH) in May 2009. We sought to establish what effect the introduction of SABR had on surgical resection rates for stage I lung cancer, and compared clinical characteristics of patients receiving surgery, SABR, conventional radical radiotherapy (RRT) and best supportive care. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients diagnosed with stage I lung cancer from 2008 to 2011 were analysed for treatment modality, performance status (PS) and lung function. <h3>Results</h3> 565 stage I patients were studied and treatment rates over the 4 year period are shown below. The proportion of patients receiving SABR rates rose from 0% in 2008 to 26.1% in 2011. Surgical resection rates remained largely unchanged, but there was a reduction in the proportion of patients receiving best supportive care from 32.6% in 2008 to 13.7% in 2011. Overall radical treatment rates for the four years were 60%, 70.7%, 68% and 85% for 2008–2011 respectively. The proportion of patients with PS 0–1 were as follows: surgery 88%, SABR 39%, RRT 38% and BSC 13%. FEV<sub>1</sub>(l) (mean% predicted, 95% CI) was significantly higher in patients receiving surgery (80.1, 77.3–82.9) compared to those patients receiving SABR (62.1, 56.0–68.3, p &lt; 0.001 vs surgery), RRT (62.7, 54.2–71.3, p &lt; 0.001 vs surgery) and BSC (56.4, 49.8–63.0, p &lt; 0.001 vs surgery). Similarly gas transfer was significantly higher in the surgical patients compared to the other three groups. For stage I lung cancer patients over the age of 75, the proportion of patients SABR rose from 0% in 2008 to 32.1% in 2011. Overall numbers of patients aged over 75 receiving BSC decreased over the four years; 49%, 45.5%, 38.6% and 24.4% for 2008–2011 respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The introduction of SABR has led to a significant increase in overall radical treatment rates for patients with stage I lung cancer, without resulting in a sustained reduction in surgical resection rates. Patients undergoing SABR and RRT have worse lung function and performance status than those undergoing surgery.
New NHS Constitution could cause conflict with professional guidance on patient confidentiality and the Mental Capacity Act
Authors: B. Mearns
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The authors argue that individual investors are often confused by the choices they are offered when investing in municipal bonds. These choices often include a laddered vehicle and an actively managed portfolio strategy. Because the laddered portfolios are touted as being free of management fees, the actively managed portfolio appears to pale by comparison. Yet they believe that an actively management municipal bond portfolio is a superior alternate to a laddered, particularly one that is state-specific. In this article, they identify each area of importance and delineate the advantages and disadvantages associated with each vehicle. In the end, they suggest that the body of evidence suggests that most investors should choose to use an active manager for investing in municipal bonds.
Modélisation du ratio coût efficacité dans le dépistage du cancer colorectal chez les personnes asymptomatiques et à risque moyen par Hemoccult II* versus Coloscopie optique versus Coloscanner
Authors: M Cadi, A Beresniack, O Lucidarme, T Poynard, G Berger, P Grenier
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Objectif: Évaluation d'un modèle de simulation médico-économique évaluant trois stratégies de dépistage: L' Hemoccult II, coloscopie optique et le coloscanner chez les sujets asymptomatiques et à risque moyen durant une période de 10 années.
Infections Related to Medical Devices
Authors: WALTER E. STAMM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Medical devices have become an integral part of hospital-based care but also predispose patients to more than 850 000 device-related infections annually. Devices predispose to infection by damaging or invading epithelial and mucosal barriers to infection, by supporting growth of microorganisms and thus serving as reservoirs, by impeding host defense mechanisms, and, when contaminated, by directly infecting patients. Epidemics of device-related infections appear to have increased in frequency since 1965, have been due mainly to gram-negative bacilli, usually have resulted from in-hospital contamination of devices, and most often have been linked to urinary catheters, intravenous infusion devices, hemodialysis, and respiratory therapy equipment. Endemic device-related infections include those traced to these same commonly used medical devices as well as infections that follow use of specialized devices such as prostheses. Urinary catheters and intravenous infusion devices represent major sources of nosocomial septicemia. In most instances, measures currently recommended to control device-related infections have not be assessed with respect to either efficacy or practicality, and further study of the pathogenesis and prevention of these infections is needed.
FLUID PHASE DESTRUCTION OF C2hu BY C1hu
Authors: Irma Gigli, K. Frank Austen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

It has been demonstrated that C1 isolated in the unactivated form fails to inactivate C4 or C2 in the fluid phase, while the activated molecule, C1 rapidly converts C4 to hemolytically inactive C4i, but does not efficiently inactivate C2. The production and presence of C4i now confers on C1 the ability to rapidly inactivate C2. After heating at 56°C, so as to destroy the hemolytic activity, heat inactivated C1 is still capable of inactivating C4 but the presence of C4i no longer confers an ability to inactivate C2. Studies with the subunits of C1–C1q, C1r, C1s, indicate that the action of C1s on C2 can be inhibited by C1r and that this inhibition is reversed by the presence of homologous C4. These studies indicate that the interaction of C4i with a heat labile receptor conformation in C1 uncovers a masked specificity for C2.
760. Development of an HSV-Based Model System to Identify Factors Acting in Embryonic Myogenesis
Authors: April M. Sunyog, Darren P. Wolfe, David Krisky, James Wechuck, Ying Jiang, Joseph C. Glorioso
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Myogenesis is a complex process involving several distinct pathways in the ordered proliferation, migration, and differentiation of stem cells in the developing embryo. The cascade of gene regulation governing embryonic myogenesis has significant gaps of information which has prompted the development of a model system to fill these gaps using herpes simplex virus vectors. We use murine embryonic stem cells (mES) because their pluripotent characteristics provide an ideal model for differentiation along myogenic lineages. We are particularly interested in the identification of genes active during early stages of myogenesis, prior to the activation of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) muscle transcription factors MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4. Pax3 is our initial target as it has been shown to activate gene expression of the bHLH muscle markers and induce myogenesis in certain pluripotent stem cells and embryonic tissues. Since activators of Pax3 have not been identified, we have begun exploring the possibility of using a mutant HSV-1 viral vector, JD|[beta]||[beta]|, to study early promoter-activating events of myogenesis. JD|[beta]||[beta]| is deleted for ICP4 and ICP22, ICP0 and ICP27 have been converted into |[beta]| (early) genes, and one full genomic repeat element has been eliminated. Preliminary flow cytometry data show that JD|[beta]||[beta]| drives robust reporter transgene expression in embryonic stem cells and is non-toxic. Characterization of this virus, including toxicity studies, transgene expression levels, and IE gene kinetics, will be reported. Several mES cell lines containing myogenic marker genes have been developed by others and characterized, including a Pax3-lacZ mES cell line. mES cells, differentiated into muscle using ectopic differentiating methods, serve as a control. JD|[beta]||[beta]| will be modified to carry genes potentially involved during early myogenesis including |[beta]|-catenin and Wnt3a. In order to ascertain whether these or other transgenes can functionally activate the Pax3 promoter, we will deliver them to Pax3-lacZ mES cells and assay for reporter gene expression as well as activation of downstream muscle-specific marker genes. This will allow us to validate the use of HSV as a means to introduce transgenes in mES cells and assay for muscle differentiation as a result of transgene expression. Upstream factors with consistent, ordered activity as determined by the proposed model system are of great interest for deciphering stages of myogenesis, and will be potential candidates for committing early progenitor cells into the muscle phenotype for therapeutic purposes.
O87 FEASIBILITY AND COST ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY BASED HEPATITIS B SCREENING PROGRAMME IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: S. Nayagam, Y. Shimakawa, M. Lemoine, R. Njie, S. Tamba, U. D'Alessandro, T. Hallett, L. Conteh, M. Thursz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)