tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17127: Sports-Related Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Comparison of Survival Outcomes in Europe versus the United States
Authors: Eloi Marijon, Audrey Uy-Evanado, Florence Dumas, Carmen Teodeorescu, Kyndaron Reinier, Kumar Narayanan, Wulfran Bougouin, Lionel Lamhaut, Daniel Jost, Gilbert Pochmalicki, Karen Gunson, Jonathan Jui, David S Celermajer, Xavier Jouven, Sumeet S Chugh
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Sports-related sudden cardiac arrest (sport SCA) has always attracted attention and the United States and European Union have developed divergent strategies for prevention over the last decade; notably regarding screening of younger athletes but also for SCA prevention in middle-aged and senior individuals. In this context, the extent to which outcomes of sports SCA differ between Europe and the USA have not been characterized. Methods: SCA cases aged 15-75 years were identified in two large prospective, population-based SCA programs, one in the Paris region (Paris-SDEC) and the other in a Northwestern US metro region (Oregon-SUDS) between 2002 and 2012. Cases of SCA, occurring during sports activity were compared between the two regions. Results: Of the 7,357 cases studied, 290 (4%) occurred during sports, with very similar proportions in both regions: 86 out of 1,894 (4.5%) in Oregon and 204 out of 5,463 (3.8%) in Paris. Subjects’ characteristics of cases in both programs were very similar (Paris vs. Oregon, respectively, for all results following), regarding age (50.7±14 vs. 50.4±13 years, P=0.55), male proportion (94%vs. 92%, P=0.53), past medical history of ≥2 cardiovascular risk factors (16% vs. 23%, P=0.16) and/or heart disease (10% vs. 8%, P=0.55). There was a high proportion of witnessed events in both populations (89% vs. 90%, P=0.94). However, we observed significant differences with more bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Paris (63% vs. 48%, P=0.02), faster response time in Oregon (8.3±6 vs. 6.9±4 min, P=0.05), and more initially shockable rhythms in Oregon (52% vs. 70%, P=0.006). Overall, resuscitation outcomes were very similar for return of spontaneous circulation (26% vs. 33%, P=0.21) and survival to hospital discharge (27% vs. 26%, P=0.80). Conclusions: On either side of the Atlantic, burden and characteristics of sports-related SCA are very similar. Survival rates are approximately one in four cases. Optimizing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates and emergency response times could further improve outcomes. Deployment of uniform, effective strategies for screening and prevention are likely to make the greatest impact on sports SCA.
Risk of Radiation-Related Subsequent Malignant Tumors in Survivors of Ewing's Sarcoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Louise C. Strong, Jay Herson, Barbara M. Osborne, Wataru W. Sutow
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Twenty-four long-term survivors of Ewing's sarcoma were identified as being at risk for a second primary tumor. Among this group of patients followed from 3 to 22 years, 4 new bone tumors were observed, whereas 1.2 x 10(-3) were expected. All new tumors arose in heavily irradiated areas. The risk associated with radiation after 3 years was 7.2 cases/million person-years per rad. The cumulative cancer risk over 10 years for irradiated patients was 35% (SE, 15.1%). Intensive chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and vincristine administered in five or more courses) seemed to exert an enhancing effect, increasing the rate of development of new tumors.
Pleural irrigation trial (PIT): Standard care versus pleural irrigation, a randomised controlled trial in patients with pleural infection
Authors: CE Hooper, Anthony Edey, Adam Wallis, Amelia Clive, A Morley, Michael Darby, Natalie Zahan, Andrew R L Medford, Nick A Maskell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  Pleural infection remains common with an increasing incidence and high mortality. Despite chest tube drainage and antibiotic therapy up to 30% of patients will die or require surgery. Case reports suggest that irrigation of the pleural space with saline may be beneficial but this has never been the tested in the form of a randomised controlled trial   Method:  Randomised controlled pilot study comparing standard care plus saline irrigation, with best standard care alone, in patients with pleural infection requiring chest tube drainage, who had a residual pleural collection on baseline CT thorax. Primary outcome was percentage change in CT pleural volume from day 0 to day 3. Secondary outcomes included referral for surgery, hospital stay & adverse events   Results:  65 patients approached, 38 randomised, 3 excluded. Saline irrigation resulted in significant reduction in CT pleural collection volume compared to standard care – Irrigation group 29.2% reduction (95% CI 16.2- 62) vs Standard care 13.9% (95% CI -4.1- 26.3) p   Conclusion:  Saline irrigation improves fluid drainage in pleural infection, leading to reduction in referral for surgery. This study now needs to be repeated as a large multicentre RCT using the hard endpoints of mortality and length of hospital stay.
Clinical prognostic factors for pneumocystis pneumonia in non-HIV patients
Authors: Koji Tamai, Ryo Tachikawa, Takahisa Kawamura, Kazuya Monden, Takeshi Matsumoto, Junpei Takeshita, Kosuke Tanaka, Kazuma Nagata, Kyoko Otsuka, Atsushi Nakagawa, Kojiro Otsuka, Keisuke Tomii
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Non-HIV patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has poor prognosis. Improved knowledge of presenting symptoms and prognostic factors for non-HIV PCP may help to reduce its associated high mortality rate.  Aims: To describe the characteristics of PCP in non-HIV patients and to identify prognostic factors.  Methods: We retrospectively reviewed non-HIV PCP patients between April 2006 and July 2011. Demographics, laboratory findings and their prognosis were evaluated.  Results: A total of 33 non-HIV PCP patients were analyzed. Of these, 15 patients (45.5%) died. BAL was performed in 26 patients and was successfully done in 10 of them under non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. Pneumocystis PCR in BAL specimens yielded the high positive ratio of 96.2%. There was no serious adverse events associated BAL procedure. Cox proportional hazards model revealed C reactive protein (CRP) and BAL neutrophilia were significant prognostic factors determining 30-day mortality. Logrank test showed patients with higher CRP (≥7 mg/dL) and BAL neutrophilia (≥16%) had significant lower survival rates (p=0.003, p=0.0048, respectively).  Conclusions: CRP and BAL neutrophilia were identified as significant predictors of survival in patients with non-HIV PCP. Our data also emphasize significance of performing BAL in these patients since it provides important prognostic information.
Pulmonary vascular reactivity in pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease
Authors: Christian Gerges, Mario Gerges, Marie Lang, Julia Mascherbauer, Irene Lang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

PURPOSE: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease (LHD) is the most common subset of PH. It is defined by an increase of mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) ≥25mmHg in the presence of a mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mPCWP) >15mmHg. In the current guidelines PH due to LHD with a TPG >12mmHg is labeled as “out-of-proportion” PH, as opposed to what is labeled as “passive” PH. Recent data have shown that patients with “out-of-proportion” PH and a diastolic pulmonary vascular pressure gradient (DPG) ≥7mmHg have an increased mortality and significant pulmonary vascular disease. We hypothesize that these patients may benefit from vasodilator treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the degree of acute vasoreactivity to inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in “out-of-proportion” PH with a DPG ≥7mmHg to that of “passive” PH and “out-of-proportion” PH with a DPG <7mmHg.

METHODS: A prospective data set of 94 patients with PH due to LHD undergoing first diagnostic right heart catheterizations at rest and after inhalation of 40ppm NO was analyzed. 31 patients were classified as “passive” PH, 28 as “out-of-proportion” PH with a DPG <7mmHg and 35 as “out-of-proportion” PH with a DPG ≥7mmHg.

RESULTS: The strongest decrease of mPAP was observed in patients with “out-of-proportion” PH and a DPG ≥7mmHg (-5.1±4.7mmHg, p<0.001). In contrast there was no significant change in mPAP in patients with “out-of-proportion” PH and a DPG <7mmHg (-2.2±5.9mmHg, p=0.075). In “passive” PH mPAP did not change upon NO inhalation.

CONCLUSION: DPG identifies patients with “out-of-proportion” PH who have significant pulmonary vascular disease that is reactive to inhaled NO.
A randomized multicenter trial comparing mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, and fluorouracil with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and fluorouracil in the therapy of metastatic breast carcinoma.
Authors: J M Bennett, H B Muss, J H Doroshow, S Wolff, E T Krementz, K Cartwright, G Dukart, A Reisman, I Schoch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Three hundred thirty-one women with metastatic breast cancer were randomized to receive combination chemotherapy with either cyclophosphamide, Novantrone (mitoxantrone; Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ), and fluorouracil (CNF) or cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and fluorouracil (CAF). Patients could not have had prior chemotherapy, although adjuvant chemotherapy was acceptable. Initial doses were 500 mg/m2 of cyclophosphamide and 500 mg/m2 of fluorouracil with either 10 mg/m2 of mitoxantrone or 50 mg/m2 of doxorubicin, administered intravenously (IV) on day 1 and repeated every 3 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences in pretreatment or prior therapy characteristics between the groups. For patients assigned to the CNF and CAF groups, respectively, 25 (18%) were premenopausal, 39 (40%) were estrogen receptor (ER) negative, 39 (38%) had a disease-free interval less than 1 year, and 24 (26%) had received prior adjuvant chemotherapy. All patients were compared for response rate, duration of response, time to progression or death, time to treatment failure (TTF), and survival. None of these parameters were statistically significant favoring one regimen over the other. The response rate (complete [CR] and partial response [PR]) was 29% for the CNF group (95% confidence interval of 22% to 37%) and 37% for the CAF group (95% confidence interval of 29% to 45%). The median response duration and TTF were 171 days and 125 days for the CNF group and 254 days and 147 days for the CAF group, respectively. The median survival times for the CNF group and the CAF group were 377 and 385 days, respectively. The major dose-limiting toxicity for both regimens was leukopenia, manifested as granulocytopenia. The incidence of stomatitis/mucositis was 10% in the CNF group and 19% in the CAF group. Alopecia occurred in 49% of CNF patients (severely for 4%) and in 86% of CAF patients (severely for 39%). Nausea/vomiting occurred in 80% of CNF patients and in 81% of CAF patients; the degree of severity was also comparable. There was significantly less cardiotoxicity observed in the CNF group compared with the CAF group. Although CNF is somewhat less effective in overall response rate, survival curves are identical. CNF can be offered to patients who reject anthracycline-containing regimens because of fear of alopecia.
Sunlight Suppressing Rejection of 280- to 320-nm UV-Radiation-Induced Skin Tumors in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W L Morison, S P Kelley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Repeated exposure of female C3H/HeNCR- mice to sunlight prevented the normal immunologic rejection of a UV-induced tumor. This systemic immunologic alteration was transferred to syngeneic lethally X-irradiated animals with lymphoid cells from mice exposed to sunlight. The lymphoid cells also were able to suppress the capacity of lymphoid cells from normal animals to reject a UV-induced tumor. The 295- to 320-nm wave band appeared to be responsible for this immunosuppressive effect of sunlight because suppression was prevented by filtration of the radiation through Mylar and by application of a sunscreen containing para-aminobenzoic acid. These observations may have importance in understanding the pathogenesis of sunlight-induced skin cancer in humans.
Serum macrophage inflammatory protein 3α levels predict the severity of HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Jiaojiao Xin, Wenchao Ding, Shaorui Hao, Xin Chen, Jianing Zhang, Longyan Jiang, Qian Zhou, Dongyan Shi, Liyuan Zhang, Xiaowei Xu, Hongcui Cao, Lanjuan Li, Jun Li
Journal: Gut (2015)

Dear Editor,

We read with interest the paper by Angeli et al 1 proposing the value of the acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) stratification in the prediction of short-term mortality in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Other studies2 ,3 indicated that the dynamic changes in serological markers are associated with patients who have cirrhosis. We hypothesised that the pathological processes of HBV-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF) would result in specific changes in the levels of signalling proteins in the blood. Thus, we aimed to search detectable biomarkers to predict the outcome of HBV-ACLF.

We collected serum samples from 420 patients with HBV-ACLF, 121 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 25 normal controls to identify novel serological biomarkers of HBV-ACLF (see online supplementary table S1). As an initial screening group, 15 subjects were included in the cytokine antibody array analyses (n=5 per group). The remaining 551 subjects were included in the ELISA measurement group. The enrolment criteria for the patients with HBV-ACLF corresponded to the previously published the chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment (CLIF-SOFA) score.4

The bioinformatics analyses of …
High-throughput mutation profiling in human cancers using a customized SNP genotyping assay
Authors: Christopher Moy, Joel Greshock, Kurtis Bachman, Junping Jing, Barbara Weber, Richard Wooster
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

B22  As a result of ongoing high throughput mutation screening efforts, a more complete list of genes involved with tumorigenesis and cancer progression has emerged. However, current sequencing technologies lack sensitivity and scalability for more widespread use in analyzing tumor tissues for sequence mutations. For the purposes of simultaneously surveying known sequence mutations in a single assay, we have customized an oligonucleotide-based multiplex high-thoughput SNP genotyping assay to target previously described somatic variants. For validation, 114 unique mutations representing 61 genes were surveyed in 33 unique cancer cell lines. Variants assayed include oncogenic mutations of PIK3CA, KRAS and EGFR, as well as inactivating mutations of p53 and PTEN.  The assay successfully identified 94% (107/114) of known mutations. This included the successful identification of 11/11 of ‘hotspot’ mutations of CTNNB1 and p53, as well as deletions in the PTEN gene (950 953delTACT). In order to test the tractability of this platform in detecting mutations in tumor tissues contaminated with normal cells, a set of DNAs from 10 cancer cell lines was diluted with normal wild type DNA. This showed mutation detection was most reduced with
Influence of tobacco smoking on a lipid profile
Authors: Tatiana Levina, Julia Krasnova, Alexander Dzizinskii
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The aim: To study influence of tobacco smoking on a lipid profile.   Materials and methods:  200 patients were examined (100-were smoking (an index of smoking ≥5 packs/years), 100-non-smokers). The mean age of the first group was 42,7±7,5 years and second- 42,4±7,5 years, p>0,05). The next parameters of a lipid profile were studied: Total Cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), High-density lipoproteins (HDLs), Triglycerides, Cholesterol to HDL Ratio.   Results:  HDLs were revealed to be lower in 1 group in comparison with 2 group (1,32 (1,13-1,635) and 1,565 (1,33-1,785), accordingly, p=0,0007). VLDLs were revealed to be higher among smoking in comparison with non-smokers (0,545 (0,39-0,935) and 0,43 (0,345-0,605), accordingly, p=0,01). Triglycerides were revealed to be higher in 1 group in comparison with 2 group (1,23 (0,865-2,065) and 0,955 (0,765-1,34), accordingly, p=0,004). Cholesterol to HDL Ratio were revealed to be higher among smoking group in comparison with non-smoking group (2,73 (1,875-3,885) and 2,35 (1,72-3,08), accordingly, p=0,039).   Conclusions:  The smoking patients had higher indicators very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and lower indicators of High-density lipoproteins then non-smokers.
Prospective Randomized Comparison of Single-Dose Versus Hyperfractionated Total-Body Irradiation in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Theodore Girinsky, Ellen Benhamou, Jean-Henry Bourhis, Frederic Dhermain, Dolores Guillot-Valls, Valerie Ganansia, Monique Luboinski, Adriana Perez, Jean Marc Cosset, Gérard Socie, Daniel Baume, Nourédine Bouaouina, Edith Briot, Anne Beaudre, André Bridier, Jose Luis Pico
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Fractionated total-body irradiation (HTBI) is considered to induce less toxicity to normal tissues and probably has the same efficacy as single-dose total-body irradiation (STBI) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. We decided to determine whether this concept can be applied to a large number of patients with various hematologic malignancies using two dissimilar fractionation schedules. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between December 1986 and October 1994, 160 patients with various hematologic malignancies were randomized to receive either a 10-Gy dose of STBI or 14.85-Gy dose of HTBI. RESULTS: One hundred forty-seven patients were assessable. The 8-year overall survival rate and cause-specific survival rate in the STBI group was 38% and 63.5%, respectively. Overall survival rate and cause-specific survival rate in the HTBI group was 45% and 77%, respectively. The incidence of interstitial pneumonitis was similar in both groups. However, the incidence of veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver was significantly higher in the STBI group. In the multivariate analysis with overall survival as the end point, the female sex was an independent favorable prognostic factor. On the other hand, when cause-specific survival was considered as the end point, the multivariate analysis demonstrated that sex and TBI were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of HTBI is probably higher than that of STBI. Both regimens induce similar toxicity with the exception of VOD of the liver, the incidence of which is significantly more pronounced in the STBI group.
Tumorigenesis by Oxygenated Nitrosopiperidines in Rats2
Authors: William Lijinsky, H. Wayne Taylor
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Three oxygenated N-nitrosopiperidines--nitroso-3-piperidinol, nitroso-4-piperidinol, and nitroso-4-piperidone--were prepared and given in drinking water at equivalent molar doses to Sprague-Dawley rats. All were potent carcinogens, 100% of the rats developed tumors in all treatment groups. Nitroso-3-piperidinol resembled nitrosopiperidine in inducing a high incidence of tumors of the nasal cavity and upper alimentary tract, and a few liver tumors. Nitroso-4-piperidinol and nitroso-4-piperidone caused a high incidence of tumors of the nasal cavity but very few tumors of the upper alimentary tract. After treatment with the 4-substituted compounds, a high incidence of liver tumors was observed in females but not in males.
Intermittent Versus Continuous Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Authors: Celestia S. Higano
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the standard of care for metastatic prostate cancer for decades; however, the choice of continuous or intermittent administration is a matter of debate. Two large phase III trials have reported results comparing these 2 forms of ADT administration. The National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) PR-7 trial studied men with an increasing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and no evidence of metastatic disease after definitive or salvage radiation therapy and radical prostatectomy. The Southwest Oncology Group 9346 trial studied men with newly diagnosed hormone-sensitive metastatic disease. The primary end point in both trials was overall survival with a noninferiority design. The NCIC trial showed that the overall survival in men treated with intermittent ADT was not inferior to that of men treated with continuous ADT, but the SWOG trial was inconclusive regarding noninferiority. Certain domains of quality of life were better in the intermittent arms of both trials. If using ADT in the setting of biochemical relapse, intermittent ADT should be strongly considered over continuous ADT, except perhaps in patients with Gleason score of 8 or higher. In men with metastatic disease, continuous ADT remains the standard of care, because the SWOG trial did not establish noninferiority of intermittent ADT with respect to survival. However, for those with significant side effects from ADT, establishing the risk group, as determined by PSA value after 7 months of ADT or the presence of pain at diagnosis, may help guide the choice of intermittent versus continuous ADT in men with metastatic disease.
A kindred exhibiting cosegregation of an overlap connective tissue disorder and the chromosome 16 linked form of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Authors: S Somlo, G Rutecki, L A Giuffra, S T Reeders, A Cugino, F C Whittier
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a disorder of adult onset manifested by bilaterally enlarged cystic kidneys frequently associated with progressive renal failure. The mutated gene (PKD1) responsible for 85 to 95% of cases has been localized to a small segment on the distal tip of the short arm of chromosome 16. A clinical spectrum of heritable connective tissue disorders that remain unclassifiable under the present nosology but that contain elements of the Marfan's syndrome have previously been described. The genetic localization and molecular basis of such overlap connective tissue disorders (OCTD) have not been elucidated. In this report, a kindred in which ADPKD and OCTD appear to cosegregate is described. The connective tissue phenotype in this family includes aortic root dilation, aortic and vertebral artery aneurysms with dissection, and aortic valve incompetence, as well as pectus abnormalities, pes planus, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, scoliosis, dolichostenomelia, and high arched palate. ADPKD was manifest primarily as bilateral renal cysts with or without renal failure. The DNA of all living family members was studied with markers recognizing polymorphic loci flanking the PKD1 region (3'HVR and O90a), as well as markers from the loci of chromosomes 15 and 5, associated with fibrillin genes FBN1 and FBN2, respectively. In this kindred of 20 family members traced through five generations, cosegregation of ADPKD and the OCTD phenotype was observed in 12 of 12 meioses and 3 of 3 phase known. Both markers for PKD1 were tightly linked to both ADPKD and OCTD, whereas there was no evidence for linkage with either fibrillin locus. In this family, the ADPKD and OCTD mutations are genetically linked. The presence of OCTD with ADPKD identifies a group of patients at significantly greater risk for sudden death from aortic root and other vascular aneurysmal dissection and rupture.