tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FDA and Tobacco
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Harveian Oration on I. --I-EM-HOTEP, the Egyptian God of Medicine; Egyptian Views as to the Circulation. II.--Rest in Incipient Valvular Disease: Delivered at the Royal College of Physicians of London on Tuesday, June 21st
Authors: R. Caton
Journal: BMJ (1904)

PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN,-The officials, Fellowi, and friends of this College assemble to-day, as we and our predecessors have assembled year by year for two cen- turies and a-half, to com- memorate the services whicl William Harvey has ren- dered to mankind, and in order to keep alive in our minds the wise counsels, which he addressed to us, the memory of which he desired us ever to renew .....
Should Diagnostic Testing Be Regulated?
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer, Stephen G. Pauker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Diagnostic tests are expensive, and they are frequently used excessively and inappropriately. House officers, most of whom have little appreciation of test prices, order too many tests out of either insecurity or inexperience.1 Practicing physicians are generally more aware of the cost, but habit, lack of sufficient awareness of the limitations of the tests employed, economic incentives and concern about possible malpractice suits nevertheless promote excessive testing.2 , 3 The awareness that third parties, rather than the patient, absorb the cost of tests undoubtedly contributes to this tendency. Doctors often use newly developed tests long before all the benefits, risks and errors . . .
Doctors say that the Tamil Tigers forced them to lie
Authors: N. Siva
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Five doctors who were working in the no fire zone in northern Sri Lanka earlier this year have retracted reports they gave about numbers of civilian deaths in the conflict between the Sri Lankan government and the Tamil Tiger rebels. The doctors, who are being held in custody by the government, say they were forced to report these figures by the Tamil Tigers. However, international human rights organisations have questioned the reliability of the doctors’ latest comments.

In a press conference on 8 July, at the government’s National Media Centre for National Security in Colombo, the doctors said that the Tamil …
Low-Dose vs Standard-Dose Unfractionated Heparin for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndromes Treated With Fondaparinux: The FUTURA/OASIS-8 Randomized Trial
Authors: P. G. Steg, S. S. Jolly, S. R. Mehta, R. Afzal, D. Xavier, H.-J. Rupprecht, J. L. Lopez-Sendon, A. Budaj, R. Diaz, A. Avezum, P. Widimsky, S. V. Rao, S. Chrolavicius, B. Meeks, C. Joyner, J. Pogue, S. Yusuf
Journal: JAMA (2010)

<h3>Context</h3>The optimal unfractionated heparin regimen for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes treated with fondaparinux is uncertain.<h3>Objective</h3>To compare the safety of 2 unfractionated heparin regimens during PCI in high-risk patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes initially treated with fondaparinux.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Double-blind randomized parallel-group trial in 179 hospitals in 18 countries involving 2026 patients undergoing PCI within 72 hours, nested within a cohort of 3235 high-risk patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes initially treated with fondaparinux enrolled from February 2009 to March 2010.<h3>Interventions</h3>Patients received intravenously either low-dose unfractionated heparin, 50 U/kg, regardless of use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GpIIb-IIIa) inhibitors or standard-dose unfractionated heparin, 85 U/kg (60 U/kg with GpIIb-IIIa inhibitors), adjusted by blinded activated clotting time (ACT).<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Composite of major bleeding, minor bleeding, or major vascular access-site complications up to 48 hours after PCI. Key secondary outcomes include composite of major bleeding at 48 hours with death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization within day 30.<h3>Results</h3>The primary outcome occurred in 4.7% of those in the low-dose group vs 5.8% in the standard-dose group (odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-1.19; P = .27). The rates of major bleeding were not different but the rates of minor bleeding were lower with 0.7% in the low-dose group vs 1.7% in the standard-dose group (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.16-0.97; P = .04). For the key secondary outcome, the rates for low-dose group were 5.8% vs 3.9% in the standard-dose group (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.00-2.28; P = .05) and for death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization it was 4.5% for the low-dose group vs 2.9% for the standard-dose group (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.98-2.53; P = .06). Catheter thrombus rates were very low (0.5% in the low-dose group and 0.1% in the standard-dose group, P = .15).<h3>Conclusion</h3>Low-dose compared with standard-dose unfractionated heparin did not reduce major peri-PCI bleeding and vascular access-site complications.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00790907
Prevention of Inflammation-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Rajesh K. Kharbanda, Benjamin Walton, Meredith Allen, Nigel Klein, Aroon D. Hingorani, Raymond J. MacAllister, Patrick Vallance
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Inflammation and infection may initiate and promote atherosclerosis or its complications by adverse effects on the vascular endothelium. The mechanisms by which aspirin reduces cardiovascular risk might involve anti-inflammatory actions or direct effects on the endothelium in addition to its antiplatelet action. We investigated the role of aspirin in modulating endothelial dysfunction induced by an experimental inflammatory stimulus. Methods and Results — An inflammatory response was generated in healthy volunteers by Salmonella typhi vaccination. Venous occlusion plethysmography was used to assess resistance vessel responses (16 hours before and 8 hours after vaccination) to the endothelium-dependent dilator bradykinin (BK) and the endothelium-independent dilator glyceryl-trinitrate (GTN). Twelve subjects were randomized to receive either aspirin 1.2 g orally or placebo 2 hours before vaccination. After vaccination alone there was suppression of the response to BK in the placebo group ( P =0.01), with no change in response to GTN. In the aspirin group there was no change in the response to either BK or GTN after vaccination. Aspirin treatment prevented vaccine-induced elevation of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist but enhanced the generation of tumor necrosis factor-α compared with placebo. In an additional 5 individuals, local intrabrachial aspirin (10 mg/min for 15 minutes) failed to restore responses to BK after vaccination. Conclusions — Experimental inflammation produces endothelial dysfunction, which can be prevented by pretreatment with aspirin. Locally administered aspirin does not reverse vaccine-induced endothelial dysfunction once established. The protective effects of aspirin on inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction may be through modulation of the cytokine cascade.
THE ABORTION OF GONORRHEA AND TREATMENT OF OTHER URETHRAL AND VESICAL DISEASES BY HYDROSTATIC IRRIGATIONS.
Authors: FERD. C. VALENTINE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In a paper<sup>1</sup>read before the Society for Medical Progress, January 11 and before a Wissenschaftliche Sitzung der deutschen Poliklinik on January 17 of this year, as much of the bibliography of hydrostatic irrigations as covered the requirements was touched upon. In that paper I described an apparatus which did away with nearly all the objectionable features of these irrigations. I now propose to submit some modifications which are the outcome of constant endeavor to so simplify and render safe the treatment of genito-urinary diseases, as to make at least the most frequent thereof available for the general practitioner. The modifications of the apparatus I present, consist essentially in: The substitution of a cast-iron ring to hold the irrigator. By this means, the irrigator can more easily be attached to any wall or bookcase. A rubber tube made especially for this apparatus, doing away with the complicated
Look both ways: gastrojejunocolic fistula masquerading as irritable bowel disease
Authors: D. Gheonea, A. Săftoiu, T. Ciurea, V. Şurlin, I. Georgescu
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 45-year-old patient was admitted to our department because of a history of diarrhea with red blood (hematochezia) and marked weight loss; all the symptoms had started about 6 months earlier. Physical examination revealed just a pale, emaciated patient with a surgical abdominal scar. The patient had undergone surgery for peptic ulcer disease 4 years previously. Because the current symptoms suggested inflammatory or malignant disease of the colon, the first imaging procedure performed was colonoscopy, during which the endoscope was able to pass abnormally, in the region of transverse colon, into another gut structure where the mucosal folds resembled those of the stomach. The passage was through a big fistula with a 3-cm ulcer with signs of recent bleeding ([Fig. 1], [2]). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was further performed and visualized the partially resected stomach with a Billroth II gastroenteroanastomosis. Above the anastomosis, a big fistula was visible leading to the transverse colon ([Fig. 3], [Video 1]). A barium study of the stomach was also performed, confirming the fistula with early presence of contrast inside the colon ([Fig. 4]). The patient was referred on to the surgery department where he was treated successfully, with conversion into a Roux-en-Y anastomosis. The further course was favorable, with complete recovery of the patient and no symptoms at 1-year follow-up.
Gastrointestinal Peptide Hormones and Breast Cancer
Authors: P. HILL, L. GARBACZWSKI, Jos. H. H. THUSSEN
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

dietary cellulose significantly reduces the incidence of colonic adenocarcinomas in a dose-dependent manner without detrimental side effects, (e) Cellulose is already approved as a human food supplement.
Prenatal diagnosis of thalassaemia.
Authors: D J Weatherall
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Prenatal diagnosis of thalassaemiaA recent report from the World Health Organisation suggests that there are over 200 million carriers for inherited disorders of haemoglobin in the world and that between 200 000 and 300 000 severely affected homozygotes or compound hetero- zygotes are born each year.1 The most important of these conditions are a and 3 thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia.
Diffuse intramural duodenal hematoma complicated by lethal necrotizing pancreatitis after endoscopic duodenal biopsy
Authors: P. Chen, H. Cheng, B. Sheu
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 17-year-old boy with Hodgkin’s lymphoma had been treated with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. He had evident hematological deficits, with thrombocytopenia (56 000 × 109/L), but with normal coagulation. Due to persistent epigastralgia, panendoscopy was conducted in order to take a gastric biopsy and a duodenal biopsy to exclude graft-versus-host disease after the platelet transfusion. One day later, the boy suffered abdominal pain, fullness, and vomiting. Physical examination demonstrated diffuse tenderness over the upper abdominal quadrant. The hematocrit dropped from 30.8 % to 22.6 %. Abdominal computed tomography without ([Fig. 1 ] a) and with contrast ([Fig. 1 ] b) disclosed a diffuse intramural hematoma of the duodenum, extending from the first portion to the fourth portion. This diffuse duodenal intramural hematoma resulted in severe necrotizing pancreatitis with acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock. The patient died 2 weeks later.
The New Medicare Prescription-Drug Benefit — A Pure Power Play
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

On December 8, President Bush signed the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003. In this Health Policy Report, Iglehart discusses the new drug benefit and the contentious political process that led to this major reform of Medicare. Beginning in 2006, Medicare will cover 75 percent of a beneficiary's first $2,250 in annual drug expenses. Medicare will also pay 95 percent of expenses above $5,100. The program is voluntary and requires payment of a monthly premium and a $250 deductible. Coverage will be more generous for low-income elderly persons.
HYSTERIC BLINDNESS AND PSEUDO-MENINGITIS, WITH REPORT OF A CASE TREATED BY HYPNOTISM.
Authors: HUGH T. PATRICK
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Hysteric amblyopia with contracted visual field and dyschromatopsia is common, monocular amaurosis is less common and hysteric total blindness is rare. Gilles de la Tourette in his recent work<sup>1</sup>refers to only eight cases as already published, viz., Landouzy, two cases;<sup>2</sup>Briquet, three cases;<sup>3</sup>Marlowe,<sup>4</sup>Würdeman<sup>5</sup>and Levy,<sup>6</sup>each one case; and in looking up the references I find that the case of Würdeman is not a case in point, but one of hysteric deafness. To these I have been able to add fourteen more from the literature beside my own. Harlan<sup>7</sup>refers to a case cured by the application of an imaginary magnet and to another which occurred in the practice of Dr. Agnew. Jeaffreson,<sup>8</sup>two cases; Moore<sup>9</sup>mentions a case occurring in the practice of a colleague. Brown,<sup>10</sup>one case, although it is not reported as one of
Psychogenic Pschoses: A Description and Follow-Up of Psychoses Following Psychological Stress
Authors: S. H. Kraines
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The title,<i>Psychogenic Psychoses</i>, probably offers some "shock effect" to the psychiatrists of the continent, oriented as they are in the concept that psychoses occur on a hereditary-constitutional basis; to many American psychiatrists, imbued with the tradition of Freud, the title must surely appear to be merely tautological. Faergeman, a Danish psychiatrist with psychoanalytic leanings, undertook a longitudinal study of patients who had been classified as suffering from psychogenic psychoses. In 1916, August Wimmer had published a monograph on this subject, claiming, among other conclusions, that psychoses of psychogenic origin have favorable prognoses. Prompted by this observation, Faergeman studied the subsequent histories of 170 patients who, during the years 1924 to 1926 had been so diagnosed by Wimmer and his staff. These patients were sought out, their status from 1940 to 1943 determined (in society, in mental hospitals, or deceased), and where possible their psychiatric state reevaluated. Of the 117
The Effect of Complete Ischemia on the Intracellular Electrical Activity of the Whole Mammalian Heart
Authors: MILTON KARDESCH, CHARLES E. HOGANCAMP, RICHARD J. BING
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

Spontaneous ventricular electrical potentials of whole mammalian hearts subjected to complete ischemia were investigated by means of the intracellular microelectrode. Spontaneous membrane action potentials persist for 20 min, following the onset of anoxia. Early, the duration of the action potential shortens, followed by a progressive fall in the amplitude of the spike. The resting potential shows a diminution to 65 per cent of the control value. The relationship of these effects to change in membrane ionic transports and metabolic processes are discussed.
Identification of a 107-kD glycoprotein that mediates adhesion between stromal cells and hematolymphoid cells.
Authors: T Kina, A S Majumdar, S Heimfeld, H Kaneshima, B Holzmann, Y Katsura, I L Weissman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

The mechanism of cell complex formation between lymphocytes and stromal cells was investigated. We found that lymphoid lines of both T and B lineages could form cell complexes with stromal cells from the thymus as well as bone marrow but not with macrophages or typical fibroblast lines. Formation of these cell complexes is temperature dependent and requires the presence of Mg2+, active cellular metabolism, and microfilament assembly of cytoskeleton. We raised an antiserum against a thymic stromal cell clone (BATE-2) in rats and found that, after absorption, this serum could effectively block cell complex formation between lymphocytes and stromal cells from both thymus and bone marrow. An efficient blocking was obtained only when the antiserum was added at the initial stage of cell interaction. From the blocking experiments and the SDS-PAGE analysis of immunoprecipitated materials from the stromal cell surface, we identified a unique 107-kD glycoprotein on the stromal cells as a molecule for mediating stromal cell-lymphocyte interaction. This is further supported by the findings that an antiserum raised in hamsters against the excised gel band corresponding to 107 kD, which specifically immunoprecipitated the 107-kD molecule, effectively blocked the lymphocyte-stromal cell interaction. The possible function of this molecule in hematolymphoid development is discussed.
Effect of budesonide on pulmonary hyperinflation in young asthmatic children.
Authors: A Greenough, J Pool, J G Gleeson, J F Price
Journal: Thorax (1988)

In 19 asthmatic children, aged 2-6 years, the effect of six weeks9 treatment with inhaled budesonide or placebo on functional residual capacity (FRC--helium dilution) and bronchodilator responsiveness was assessed in a double blind, randomised crossover trial. FRC was increased in most children at the start of treatment. Treatment with budesonide was associated with a reduction in FRC by comparison with placebo (median change 9% v 0%; p less than 0.05). There was a trend towards a greater response to a bronchodilator after budesonide. The results suggest that inhaled corticosteroids reduce hyperinflation in young asthmatic children.
Sick Building Syndrome
Authors: Elisha H. Atkins
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Engel<sup>1</sup>is to be commended for considering an environmental exposure in his differential diagnosis of a patient with recurrent afebrile flulike symptoms, but I disagree with his description of the sick building syndrome as an example of a "severe allergic reaction" likely to require restriction from work. Sick building syndrome is characterized by symptoms such as mucosal irritation, headache, and difficulty concentrating and often affects a large proportion of occupants of a new or remodeled, mechanically ventilated building. There appears to be no single cause. Factors such as bioaerosols, volatile organic compounds, poor lighting and temperature control, and work stress are likely contributors, although individuals have differing sensitivities to the same conditions. However, as stated in the reference that Engel cites, "there is little evidence that allergy is responsible for most of the features."<sup>2</sup>Although these symptoms can be troubling, many investigators feel that
DISCORDANT SOUNDS A MENACE TO NERVES.
Authors: JOSEPH A. GUTHRIE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The reason for selecting this subject is because of a number of inquiries made to me personally, regarding the why and the wherefores relative to it; and as. in some instances I was at a loss for ready answer, it behooved me to place my theme in the hands of those whose learning and experience I am sure will help me out of a quandary, rather than turn a critical eye upon it, and so, by making public their demands my inquisitors may benefit. It is needless to record statistics in speaking of this every-day evil whereby our tympani are assailed, and which by becoming inured deceive us into believing there is no particular harm done. Even though statistics were brought forth, what objections might arise to the statement: "noises create a disturbance of the nervous elements to the degree that they are vouched a place in the category of
<b> <i>NIN</i> </b>, a Gene Encoding a CEP110-Like Centrosomal Protein, Is Fused to <b> <i>PDGFRB</i> </b> in a Patient with a t(5;14)(q33;q24) and an Imatinib-Responsive Myeloproliferative Disorder
Authors: José L. Vizmanos, Francisco J. Novo, José P. Román, E. Joanna Baxter, Idoya Lahortiga, María J. Larráyoz, María D. Odero, Pilar Giraldo, María J. Calasanz, Nicholas C. P. Cross
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract We describe a new PDGFRB fusion associated with a t(5;14)(q33;q24) in a patient with a longstanding chronic myeloproliferative disorder with eosinophilia. After confirmation of PDGFRB involvement and definition of the chromosome 14 breakpoint by fluorescence in situ hybridization, candidate partner genes were selected on the basis of the presence of predicted oligomerization domains believed to be an essential feature of tyrosine kinase fusion proteins. We demonstrate that the t(5;14) fuses PDGFRB to NIN, a gene encoding a centrosomal protein with CEP110-like function. After treatment with imatinib, the patient achieved hematological and cytogenetical remission, but NIN-PDGFRB mRNA remained detectable by reverse transcription-PCR.
The Elderly and Poor in the Medical Outcomes Study-Reply
Authors: John E. Ware
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with the need for better understanding quasi-experimental (observational) methods for monitoring health care. Methods like those used in the MOS<sup>1</sup>will provide most of the information about changes in the utilization of health care services and health outcomes following health care reform. We disagree with Drs Barrett and Juhn that MOS conclusions were based on "inconsistent results" and "novel" contrasts. Contrasts were planned in advance,<sup>1</sup>and results were consistent.<sup>2</sup>As documented in Tables 4 and 5 of our article<sup>2</sup>for analyses of both average changes and categories of change, we could reject the hypothesis that the differences between FFS and HMO systems in physical health were the same across elderly and nonelderly and across poor and nonpoor subgroups. The change score cut points were based on other studies<sup>3,4</sup>and were not subject to gaming. Including elderly patients who died in the worse category