tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predictors of 1-year mortality at hospital admission for acute exacerbations of COPD - A real-life study
Authors: R.T.M. Sprooten, R.H.J. Slenter, D. Kotz, G.J. Wesseling, E.F.M. Wouters, G.U. Rohde
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Acute exacerbations of COPD (AE-COPD) are related to high mortality, especially when hospitalization is needed. Predictors for severe outcomes are still not sufficiently defined which constrains optimal management.    Study objectives:  Assess the mortality rate and identify potential determinants of mortality in a real-life cohort of patients hospitalized for AE-COPD.    Design:  Retrospective, observational cohort study including all consecutive patients admitted to the pulmonary ward of the University Hospital Maastricht between January 1, 2009 and April 1, 2010 for AE-COPD. Potential predictors were assessed at initial presentation at the emergency room. Primary outcome was mortality at 1 year. Univariate and multivariate time-to-event analysis using Cox proportional hazard models were used for statistical analysis.    Results:  260 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 70.5 ± 10.8 years, 50.0% were male and 63.4% had advanced COPD. In-hospital mortality rate was 5.8% and the 1-year mortality was 27.7%. Independent risk factors for mortality were age (Hazard Ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.07), male sex (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.15-3.48), prior hospitalization for AE-COPD in the last 2 years (HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.52-4.30), prior recorded congestive heart failure (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.03-2.97), PaCO 2  ≥6.0 kPa (HR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.65-5.09) and urea ≥8.0 mmol/l (HR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.42-3.99) at admission   Conclusions:  Age, male sex, prior hospitalization for AE-COPD in the last 2 years, congestive heart failure, hypercapnia and elevated levels of urea at presentation are independent predictors of mortality within the first year after admission.
Telomere Inhibition and Telomere Disruption as Processes for Drug Targeting
Authors: Evonne M. Rezler, David J. Bearss, Laurence H. Hurley
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2003)

The components and cofactors of the holoenzyme telomerase and its substrate telomeric DNA are attractive targets for anticancer agents that act by inhibiting the activity of telomerase. This review outlines recent advances in telomerase inhibition that have been achieved using antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes that target the telomerase mRNA or its hTR RNA template. Although these are potent catalytic inhibitors of telomerase, they are challenging to implement in the clinic due to their delayed effectiveness. Drugs that directly bind to the telomeres, the complex structures that are associated at the telomeric ends, and stabilize secondary DNA structures such as G-quadruplexes are also potent inhibitors of telomerase. Special focus is given here to the telomeres, the biological machinery that works in tandem with telomerase to elongate telomeres, the causes of telomere disruption or dysfunction, and the consequences of disruption/dysfunction on the activity and design of anticancer agents.
Bromide Abuse: A Continuing Problem
Authors: CLARENCE E. MCDANAL, DAVID OWENS, WILLIAM M. BOLMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors present case material on eight patients who abused bromide drugs and also, with one exception, alcohol. Six were white housewives. They discuss the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of bromism and point out the need for increased awareness of bromide intoxication and stricter control of these drugs.
Search for Genetic Influences on Neoplastic Transformation and Chromosomal Stability of Mouse Cells Cultured in Medium Supplemented With Horse or Fetal Bovine Serum&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ram Parshad, Katherine K. Sanford
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

In a search for genetic factors that might influence “spontaneous” neoplastic transformation of cells in vitro, we examined the responses of embryo cells from 3 inbred strains of mice differing in their susceptibility to spontaneous and induced neoplasms. The 3 mouse strains were: A/HeN, germfree ALBM-2, and I/An. The cells were cultured in chemically defined medium NCTC 135 supplemented with horse or fetal bovine serum. A differential effect of these 2 sera on spontaneous neoplastic transformation had been shown earlier in cells from the C3H strain mouse. The differential serum effect was found in the cell lines from the A and ALBM-2 mouse but not in cells from the I mouse. Cells from all 3 inbred strains showed the differential serum effect on chromosome stability observed earlier in the C3H mouse. Cells in horse serum shifted more rapidly from diploidy and had a higher frequency of abnormal chromosomes than those in fetal bovine serum. Greater karyotypic stability, particularly with respect to structural alterations, was observed in the cultured cells from the germfree ALBM-2 mouse than in any other mouse strain studied.—J Natl Cancer Inst 49: 1155–1163, 1972.
Antielastin antibodies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Belen Nuñez, Mª. Rosa Julia, Jaume Sauleda, Antonio Clemente, Judith García Aymerich, Josep Maria Anto, Alvar Agustí
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction   Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by alterations in innate and acquired immune response. We have previously described an increased prevalence of circulating anti-tissue antibodies (AT) in COPD (Nunez  et al AJRCCM  2011; 183: 1025). However, their antigenic specificity is unknown. Elastin is a potential antigen because antibodies against it have been described in these patients (Lee  et al Nat Med  2007;13:567-569).   Hypothesis   All patients underwent clinical history, pulmonary function tests and blood collection following the methodology of the PAC-COPD cohort. The AT antibodies described in COPD patients show anti-elasting specificity.   Objective   To test this hypothesis we studied a cohort of 223 clinically stable COPD patients recruited into the PAC-COPD study (70 ± 8 years, FEV1/FVC 53 ± 13%, FEV1 51 ± 15 %ref, x ± SD) and a control population of 170 blood donors.   Material and methods   All patients underwent clinical history, pulmonary function tests and blood collection following the methodology of the PAC-COPD cohort. Elastin antibodies were quantified by ELISA.   Results   17.6% of the COPD patients showed AT + titres ≥ 1/160; 3.1% of patients with COPD and 4.7% of controls had positive antibodies to elastin (p = ns).   Conclusions   The antigen specificity of the AT in patients with COPD does not correspond, by and large, to elastin.
Experimental Carcinogenesis of the Lung. II. Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R Tye, K L Stemmer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

The acidic Fractions (including phenols) were separated from two somewhat different coal tars. Various blends and an original tar produced aerosols to which 5 groups of male C3H/HeJ mice were exposed 2 hours, 3 times weekly, for 55 weeks. Animals were killed at intervals. The lungs and tracheas of all mice were examined grossly and microscopically for neoplasms or relevant morphologic changes. After 46 weeks, 32 survivors in groups 2 and 4, which received similar aerosols containing phenols, had 4 incidences of adenocarcinoma, 19 of intrabronchial adenoma, and 10 of squamous metaplasia. In 20 survivors of group 3, which received the same far without phenols, there was no incidence of adenocarcinoma, 11 had intrabronchial adenoma and 2 had squamous metaplasia.
Contribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide to periodontitis
Authors: Sumita Jain, Richard P. Darveau
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2010)

Lipopolysaccharide is an essential macromolecule that comprises the outer surface of gramnegative bacteria.Lipopolysaccharide, recognized by the human host as a foreign molecule, elicits an immune response that is designed to eliminate the bacterial intruder.Lipopolysaccharide from enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli provokes a strong immune response.On the molecular level this is because E. coli lipid A, the bio-active component of lipopolysaccharide, is a strong agonist of the innate immune receptor, Tolllike receptor 4 (TLR4).However, lipopolysaccharide from the periodontopathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, elicits a strikingly weak immune response.Additionally, P. gingivalis is capable of synthesizing a heterogeneous population of lipid A molecules, which are subtly different from each other in structure.One of these lipid A structures has the capacity to dampen the immune response elicited by lipid A agonists at TLR4.The weak agonistic and antagonistic lipid A structures of P. gingivalis are proposed to play an important role in disrupting the oral immune homeostasis required for maintaining oral health, and thereby promote periodontal disease.
Plumbing Pathogens: A Fixture in Hospitals and Homes
Authors: Carol Potera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

A Fixture in Hospitals and HomesPracticing good hygiene is supposed to make you healthier, not sicker.However, a growing body of research shows that certain bacteria can thrive in household and hospital plumbing systems and may cause life-threatening infections among susceptible individuals after inhalation or ingestion.In this issue of EHP, Joseph Falkinham of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg and colleagues review the epidemiology and ecology of what are known as opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs).
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment: expect the unexpected
Authors: Douglas Marvel, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Our understanding of the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in cancer is becoming increasingly complex. In addition to their eponymous role in suppressing immune responses, they directly support tumor growth, differentiation, and metastasis in a number of ways that are only now beginning to be appreciated. It is because of this increasingly complex role that these cells may become an important factor in the treatment of human cancer. In this Review, we discuss the most pertinent and controversial issues of MDSC biology and their role in promoting cancer progression and highlight how these cells may be used in the clinic, both as prognostic factors and as therapeutic targets.
Cancer Incidence in the Republic of Panama, 1974–78&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W C Reeves, P F Valdés, M M Brenes, R C de Britton, C F Joplin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Data were examined from the Panama National Cancer Register, which was created by the Panamanian National Oncology Institute in 1974 to record data on all histopathologically diagnosed cancers in the Republic. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates were summarized for all cancers registered between 1974 and 1978. The age-adjusted incidences of invasive cervical cancer (37.8/100,000 population), penis cancer (1.9/100,000), and oral cancer (male, 3.2/100,000; female, 3.7/100,000) were among the highest in the world. In addition, both male and female genital cancers were clustered in rural Herrera Province (age-adjusted incidence: cervix, 84.7; and penis, 4.3).
Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Distribution of DU-PAN-2 Antigen on Glandular Epithelia and Adenocarcinomas&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Michael J. Borowitz, Francis L. Tuck, William F. Sindelar, Philip D. Fernsten, Richard S. Metzgar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

This report describes the distribution of antigen DU-PAN-2, defined by a monoclonal antibody raised against human pancreatic carcinoma cells, on a variety of tumors and nonneoplastic tissues. With the use of an immunoperoxidase technique, the antigen was detected on 16 of 16 pancreatic carcinomas, on 5 of 5 gallbladder or bile duct carcinomas, on the great majority of stomach adenocarcinomas, and, less commonly, on adenocarcinomas of other primary sites. Substantial intratumor heterogeneity of antigen expression was noted. DU-PAN-2 antigen was present on many types of normal glandular epithelial cells but often was more weakly expressed than on the corresponding tumors. The immunomorphology of staining, coupled with biochemical information known about the antigen, supports the notion that the DU-PAN-2 antigen is a mucin-like substance. Its relative restriction of expression on different types of glandular epithelium suggests that DU-PAN-2 antibody might be a useful reagent for helping to determine the site of origin of adenocarcinomas.
Mysticete (baleen whale) relationships based upon the sequence of the common cetacean DNA satellite.
Authors: U Arnason, S Grétarsdóttir, B Widegren
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1992)

The genomes of all extant cetaceans are characterized by the presence of the so-called common cetacean DNA satellite. In the mysticetes (whalebone whales) the repeat length of the satellite is 1,760 bp. In the odontocetes (toothed whales), other than the family Delphinidae, the repeat length is usually approximately 1,740 bp. The Delphinidae are characterized by a repeat length of approximately 1,580 bp. It has been shown in odontocetes that the satellite evolves in concert and that differences between species, with respect to the sequence of the satellite, correspond reasonably well to their evolutionary distances. In the present study the sequence of the satellite was determined in three repeats in each of seven mysticete species, and a consensus for each species established. Parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses based upon sequences of all repeats showed that the primary evolutionary distinction among the mysticetes is between the Balaenidae sensu stricto (i.e., the bowhead whale and the right whale) and all remaining species, including the pygmy right whale, a species that usually has been included in the Balaenidae. The comparisons also showed that the humpback whale and the gray whale were approximately equidistant from the blue whale and the fin whale (genus Balaenoptera). Concerted evolution of the satellite was also demonstrated among the mysticetes, but it appeared to evolve more slowly in the mysticetes than in the odontocetes.
Increasing Incidence of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and its Relationship to Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Kwang-Yu Chang, Jang-Yang Chang, Yun Yen
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2009)

Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary liver tumor after hepatocellular carcinoma. Because the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is rising in most areas worldwide, identification of the main causes of this problem is urgently needed. Despite well-known risk factors in the development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, recent reports focus on chronic hepatitis B and C viral infections because an increasing number of studies have observed an association. The relationship, however, is still not conclusive because of the diversity in clinical reports and the lack of in vitro evidences. This issue should be emphasized and further investigation is required for clarification.
Immune infiltrates in liver metastases of colorectal cancer and response to chemotherapy
Authors: N. Halama, S. Michel, M. Kloor, I. Zoernig, T. Pommerencke, P. Schirmacher, M. von Knebel-Döberitz, J. Weitz, N. Grabe, D. Jäger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e15069 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of death from cancer. Patients with irresectable or metastasized CRC usually receive chemotherapy in combination with a monoclonal antibody, median overall survival time is around 20- 21 months with response rates of around 50%. Almost half of the patients experience treatment related side effects without benefit. K-ras mutation is the only (negative) predictive marker for response to therapy (for EGFR-targeting antibody treatment), no biomarkers are available that help to select patients most likely responding to chemotherapy. In primary colon cancer immune infiltrates in the tumor represent an important prognostic factor. High densities of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were shown to be correlated with an improved survival in patients with primary CRC. TILs therefore represent a valuable prognostic tool, a high density of immune cells being associated with good outcome independently of other established prognostic markers. Little is known about an association between these immune cells and the response to chemotherapy. Methods: Here the relation between infiltrates of immune cells in liver metastases of CRC and the response to chemotherapy (using immunohistochemical staining against CD8, GranB, FOXP3, CD45RO, etc.) was investigated. Samples from 33 patients with metastasized colorectal cancer (samples from 22 patients were used as training set and samples from 11 patients as validation set) were analyzed. Results: The evaluation of positively stained TIL in the invasive margin of the liver metastasis allowed to predict response to chemotherapy. This was also observed in the analysis of the time to progression, where higher numbers of positively stained cells were associated with longer intervals. The difference between the groups with either response or no response to chemotherapy in time to progression was statistically significant in the analyzed sets (Mann-Whitney- U, p&lt;0.001, two-tailed, z=-3,961, n=33). In primary tumors no association between TIL densities and response to chemotherapy was observed. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the immune system has an important impact on the efficacy of chemotherapy and the presented data will have implications for the assessment of therapy options. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Autoimmune thyroid disease in vitiligo: multivariate analysis indicates intricate pathomechanisms
Authors: A. Gey, A. Diallo, J. Seneschal, C. Léauté-Labrèze, F. Boralevi, T. Jouary, A. Taieb, K. Ezzedine
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Vitiligo/nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) is often associated with thyroid dysimmunity although very few reports have studied this association using multivariate logistic regression.To identify weighted factors associated with the presence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in a large cohort of patients with vitiligo/NSV.This was a prospective observational study in 626 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of vitiligo/NSV attending the vitiligo clinic of the University Hospital Department of Dermatology, Bordeaux, France, from 1 January 2006 to 1 May 2012. The Vitiligo European Task Force (VETF) questionnaire was completed for each consecutive patient. AITD was defined as the presence of significant levels of serum antithyroperoxidase antibodies or evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression procedures were conducted to identify factors associated with AITD in this cohort of patients with vitiligo/NSV.A total of 626 patients with vitiligo/NSV were included, of whom 131 had AITD (AITD-vitiligo). Stress as an onset factor, familial history of AITD, body surface involvement and duration of the disease were positively associated with AITD-vitiligo using univariate analysis, whereas female sex, age at onset of vitiligo, personal history of autoimmune disease and localization on the trunk were found to be independently associated with AITD-vitiligo.Vitiligo associated with AITD has clinical features distinct from vitiligo without AITD. In particular, female patients, and patients with longer duration of disease and greater body surface involvement are more likely to present with AITD and should thus be monitored for thyroid function and antithyroid antibodies on a regular basis.
Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Community-Acquired, Healthcare Associated and Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in Tertiary and Community Hospitals
Authors: Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, María D. López-Prieto, María M. Portillo, Pilar Retamar, Clara Natera, Enrique Nuño, Marta Herrero, Alfonso del Arco, Ángel Muñoz, Francisco Téllez, Manuel Torres-Tortosa, Andrés Martín-Aspas, Ascensión Arroyo, Ana Ruiz, Raquel Moya, Juan E. Corzo, Laura León, José Antonio Pérez-López
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Phase II study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: Inactive in recurrent small-cell lung cancer
Authors: E. Samantas, H. Kalofonos, H. Linardou, C. Nicolaides, N. Mylonakis, G. Fountzilas, P. Kosmidis, D. Skarlos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
Abstract 54: Preliminary Results With The Use Of Stat{middle dot}Padz Pacing Electrode For Treatment Of Symptomatic Bradycardia In Emergency Department.
Authors: Maria Margarita Gonzalez, Luis Augusto Dallan, Rogerio B Ramos, Evelinda Trindade, Sergio Timerman, Antonio P Mansur
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Since the mid-1980’s transthoracic pacing has been a common temporary treatment for arrhythmias. Present external pacing technology requires the application of both multifunction defibr...
Evolution at the Subgene Level: Domain Rearrangements in the Drosophila Phylogeny
Authors: Y.-C. Wu, M. D. Rasmussen, M. Kellis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Although the possibility of gene evolution by domain rearrangements has long been appreciated, current methods for reconstructing and systematically analyzing gene family evolution are limited to events such as duplication, loss, and sometimes, horizontal transfer. However, within the Drosophila clade, we find domain rearrangements occur in 35.9% of gene families, and thus, any comprehensive study of gene evolution in these species will need to account for such events. Here, we present a new computational model and algorithm for reconstructing gene evolution at the domain level. We develop a method for detecting homologous domains between genes and present a phylogenetic algorithm for reconstructing maximum parsimony evolutionary histories that include domain generation, duplication, loss, merge (fusion), and split (fission) events. Using this method, we find that genes involved in fusion and fission are enriched in signaling and development, suggesting that domain rearrangements and reuse may be crucial in these processes. We also find that fusion is more abundant than fission, and that fusion and fission events occur predominantly alongside duplication, with 92.5% and 34.3% of fusion and fission events retaining ancestral architectures in the duplicated copies. We provide a catalog of ∼9,000 genes that undergo domain rearrangement across nine sequenced species, along with possible mechanisms for their formation. These results dramatically expand on evolution at the subgene level and offer several insights into how new genes and functions arise between species.
Retracing an old journey in variegate porphyria
Authors: Michael N. Badminton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Journal Article Retracing an old journey in variegate porphyria Get access Michael N. Badminton Michael N. Badminton School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, U.K. E‐mail: mike.badminton@wales.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 166, Issue 2, 1 February 2012, Page 237, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10739.x Published: 01 February 2012