tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benchmarks of Fairness for Health Care Reform
Authors: Lu Ann Aday
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<i>Benchmarks of Fairness for Health Care Reform</i>is guided by three primary and defining objectives: (1) to formalize and inject considerations of fairness into policy debates regarding approaches to health care reform and organization; (2) to develop and justify explicit criteria (or benchmarks) of fairness to guide these debates; and (3) to apply these criteria in assessing specific reform proposals and trends. Overall, the authors have succeeded well in addressing their objectives. They may be deemed most successful in achieving the first. There is much to commend in their approaches to the second and third objectives, but there are also ways in which these approaches might be strengthened. The foundation for the benchmarks of fairness to be applied in later chapters is introduced in chapter 2. It is grounded in the first author's previous work in establishing a normative rationale for the just distribution of health care services and resources:
Coronary Vasodilation Produced by Bradykinin on Isolated Mammalian Heart
Authors: Abilio Antonio, Mauricio Rocha e Silva
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

Synthetic bradykinin (SBR 640) was assayed on the isolated hearts of the guinea pig, the rabbit, the cat, the dog, and the rat. With the exception of the rat's heart, all reacted strongly to bradykinin with an increase in coronary flow. The guinea pig's heart was by far the most sensitive, reacting to concentrations of bradykinin of the order of 10 -9 to 10 -10 and therefore being as sensitive as the rat's uterus and rat's duodenum, so far the preparations most sensitive to bradykinin. On the dynamics of a normally beating heart, the effects of bradykinin are slight or trivial. When the amplitude or rate is reduced, bradykinin tends to increase both. There was, however, no relationship between its effects on the frequency or amplitude and its strong vasodilating effect on the coronary vessels. Since there was no tachyphylaxis to even threshold doses of bradykinin, the conclusion is drawn that it affects directly the coronary bed through its typical vasodilating action. The possibility of bradykinin being a mediator in the coronary vasodilation produced by epinephrine has been discussed.
Abstract 1174: VCAM-1 enhances immune evasion in a murine model of metastatic cervical cancer
Authors: Francesca Scrimieri, Iuliana Dit Bobanga, Saada Eid, David J. Corn, Deborah Barkauskas, Jay Jay Myers, Alex Y. Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Surface over-expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) has recently been identified as a mechanism used by metastatic breast cancer cells to provide pro-survival advantages. It has been previously shown that the metastatic and immune-resistant mouse cervical cancer cell line, A17 has a significantly increased expression of VCAM-1 compared with the primary parental tumor cell line, TC1-P0. Using this metastatic tumor model, we first modulated the surface expression levels of VCAM-1 on A17 in vitro by using an shRNA knockdown approach. We then inoculated these cells intra-venously (iv) and subcutaneously (sq) into C57BL/6 background mice and athymic nude mice to interrogate how VCAM-1 expression affects surrounding immune cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment. To further characterize VCAM-1 dependent immune responses, we used intravital 2-photon laser-scanning microscopy (2P-LPS) to dynamically visualize immune-tumor cells interaction. We observed that VCAM-1 down-regulation reduces the primary tumor growth kinetics in C57BL/6 mice but exhibited similar growth kinetics in nude mice, suggesting that VCAM-1 levels are not responsible for the intrinsic primary tumor growth differences in vivo. Moreover, VCAM-1 down-regulated cell lines showed decreased lung metastasis in both immune-competent mice and athymic nude mice. Furthermore, the metastatic lung parenchyma in mice injected with the non-silencing shVCAM-1 control exhibited immune cell infiltrates with a predominance of M2 polarized macrophages and an altered cytokine production. This may be responsible for decreased susceptibility to immune surveillance. Together, our results demonstrate that tumor-associated VCAM-1 expression helps aggressive tumors circumvent effective immune surveillance, and may represent a target for the development of immune-mediated therapy in metastatic cervical cancer. Citation Format: Francesca Scrimieri, Iuliana Dit Bobanga, Saada Eid, David J. Corn, Deborah Barkauskas, Jay Jay Myers, Alex Y. Huang. VCAM-1 enhances immune evasion in a murine model of metastatic cervical cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1174. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1174
Relationship of Cardiorenal Function to Renin-Aldosterone System in Patients with Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: WALTER E. JUDSON, OSCAR M. HELMER
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Metabolic data obtained during sodium (Na) loading, restriction, and depletion with thiazide were compared in 23 patients with valvular heart disease who had cardiac indices (CI) &gt; and &lt; 2.5 liters/min/m 2 . During Na loading (80 mEq Na for 4 days, followed by 150 mEq for 4 days) patients with CI &gt; 2.5 excreted –3.4% Na load than those with the lowest normal values, whereas those with CI &lt; 2.5 excreted –20.8% ( P &lt; 0.02). All 12 patients with CI &gt; 2.5 responded to Na loss with elevation of plasma renin activity (PRA). In contrast, of the ill patients with CI &lt; 2.5, none of the six on the 10 mEq diet, and only two of five on thiazide, responded with an increase in PRA; the urinary aldosterone values paralleled the PRA responses. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system responded to changes in Na balance. The magnitude and direction of the responses were influenced by cardiohemodynamic abnormalities. Aldosterone plays an important role in the Na retention in patients with valvular heart disease by stimulating Na-K exchange in the distal tubules of the kidney.
Mitral Valve Regurgitation Caused by Infarcted Papillary Muscles: A Report of Fifteen Cases.
Authors: Michael D. Orlando
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Mitral Valve Regurgitation Caused by Infarcted Papillary Muscles: A Report of Fifteen Cases.Michael D. Orlando, M.D., Charles F. Wooley, M.D., Dante Scarpelli, M.D., Joseph M. Ryan, M.D.Michael D. Orlando, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charles F. Wooley, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Dante Scarpelli, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Joseph M. Ryan, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-801_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe frequency of papillary muscle infarction, without rupture, producing mitral regurgitation is not generally appreciated. We studied ten males and five females, ages 35 to 81. There was a history of definite infarction in 11 patients, probable infarction in 4. An apical systolic murmur was present in all 15, pansystolic in 10. Electrocardiographic evidence of infarction was definite in 12 instances (with posterior involvement in 10), and suggestive in 3. Seven patients are alive, 1 to 7 years following infarction (four have developed congestive failure). Eight patients have expired 1 to 10 years following infarction, with autopsy correlation in all.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Columbus, Ohio. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByA reappraisal of papillary muscle dysfunctionMitral incompetence complicating acute myocardial infarction. 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 801-801KeywordsAutopsyElectrocardiographyInfarctionMitral insufficiencyPapillary musclesSystolic ejection murmur Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE TREATMENT OF PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA
Authors: HAROLD W. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The title "purpura hemorrhagica" is chosen purposely to withdraw attention from the term "essential thrombocytopenia." Several observers have reported cases of this disease in which the platelets were relatively high or normal in number and yet hemorrhagic phenomena were present. On the other hand, platelets may number less than 100,000 without hemorrhagic phenomena. We have confirmed these observations in our group of cases and are convinced that the platelet factor, although of importance, is not an essential feature in this disease. Capillary hyperpermeability, or capillary weakness, is essential for the production of hemorrhagic phenomena, which may occur if this condition is present alone or if both capillary hyperpermeability and platelet deficiency are found. However, if platelet deficiency is present alone, the hemorrhagic phenomena may not result. We feel, therefore, that the most important single factor, or in other words the common denominator, in this disease is capillary hyperpermeability. The best
The hepatitis C virus core protein of genotypes 3a and 1b downregulates insulin receptor substrate 1 through genotype-specific mechanisms
Authors: Valerio Pazienza, Sophie Clément, Paolo Pugnale, Stéphanie Conzelman, Michelangelo Foti, Alessandra Mangia, Francesco Negro
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Both molecular and clinical evidence support a link between HCV infection and insulin resistance. We examined the in vitro interaction between the HCV core protein of genotypes 3a and 1b with the insulin-signaling pathway. We measured the expression levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), IRS-2, and other factors involved in the insulin signal pathway in a human hepatoma cell line (Huh-7) transiently expressing the HCV core protein of genotypes 3a or 1b by molecular biology and biochemical techniques. The IRS-1 (but not IRS-2) protein level was significantly reduced in Huh-7 expressing the core protein of both genotypes 3a and 1b, as compared to cells transfected with the empty vector. However, while the core protein of genotype 3a promoted IRS-1 degradation through the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and by upregulating the suppressor of cytokine signal 7 (SOCS-7), the core protein of genotype 1b activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We confirmed these findings by using agonists for PPARγ (rosiglitazone) or short interfering RNAs for SOCS-7. Conclusion: Despite the small sequence divergence of the HCV core proteins of genotypes 3a and 1b, the 2 proteins appear to interfere with the insulin signaling pathway using genotype-specific mechanisms. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:1164–1171.)
CULTIVATION IN VITRO OF THE THYROID GLAND
Authors: Alexis Carrel, M. T. Burrows
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

The thyroid gland of mammals can be cultivated outside the body. The proliferated elements consist of connective tissue and epithelial cells, the former predominating. The cells survive in cultures for two weeks or longer, which period can be increased by secondary and sometimes by tertiary cultivations. It is to be noted that the method of growing in vitro organs such as the thyroid gland may come to be used with advantage in the study of the substances concerned with the internal secretion of certain glands.
Quelle est la morbi-mortalité des mucosectomies endoscopiques dans un centre de référence? Etude sur 103 mucosectomies
Authors: T Kofman, R Coriat, U Chaput, A Chryssostalis, M Gaudric, F Prat, C Brezault, S Grandjouan, S Chaussade
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: La mucosectomie endoscopique est un geste à risque élevé de morbi-mortalité. L'incidence des complications n'est pas évaluée. Le but de notre étude était d'évaluer la morbi-mortalité dans les 30 jours et la durée d'hospitalisation des mucosectomies endoscopiques.
Human drug addiction is more than faulty decision-making
Authors: Carl L. Hart, Robert M. Krauss
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract We commend Redish et al. for the progress they have made in bringing a measure of theoretical order to the processes that underlie drug addiction. However, incorporating information about situations in which drug users do not exhibit faulty decision-making into the theory would greatly enhance its generality and practical value. This commentary draws attention to the relevant human substance abuse literature.
Unruptured Aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva Presenting With Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction, Complete Heart Block, and Protrusion Into Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
Authors: Seema A. Gavali, Milind S. Phadke, Prafulla G. Kerkar, Ashish A. Nabar, Prasanna Y. Nyayadhish, Charan P. Lanjewar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)

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A 20-year-old male presented with exertional dyspnoea and exertional presyncope of 7 months duration, 1 episode of syncope 6 months ago with worsening dyspnea since 1 week.
ANESTHESIA OF THE TRUNK IN LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA.
Authors: CHARLES W. BURR
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Hitzig<sup>1</sup>, Lähr<sup>2</sup>and Patrick<sup>3</sup>have described as a very frequent symptom in locomotor ataxia, a condition of tactile anesthesia occurring in the trunk, usually symmetrically situated on the two halves of the body, most frequent at the level of the nipples, and not bounded by the distribution of nerve trunks, but corresponding to the spinal roots or their intramedullay fibers. A series of ten cases recently examined by me agrees more or less with the conclusions drawn by these observers. In some, however, the condition found was different. I will not give the histories of the cases but ask you to accept my diagnoses. I will say, however, that none were recent, all being of some years' standing, all having quite marked ataxia, and none being paralytic. In the first case there was a band about three inches wide extending around the trunk at the level of
Location of a Small Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenoma Using Tc-99m MIBI SPECT
Authors: DETLEF MOKA, EBERHARD VOTH, ANTONIO LARENA-AVELLANEDA, MATTHIAS SCHMIDT, PETER THEISSEN, HARALD SCHICHA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

After unsuccessful bilateral surgical neck exploration, a 60-year-old man with persistent primary hyperparathyroidism underwent Tc-99m MIBI SPECT scintigraphy to localize a parathyroid adenoma in preparation for repeat surgery. Early and delayed images showed abnormal mediastinal radionuclide accumulation. An additional MRI confirmed a small node at the level of the aortic arch. Guided by the MRI and MIBI images, the surgeon was able to localize and to remove a small parathyroid adenoma.
114 Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating norfloxacin in the primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotics with renal impairment, hyponatremia or severe liver failure
Authors: M. Navasa, J. Fernandez, S. Montoliu, R. Planas, D. Monfort, G. Soriano, C. Vila, E. Quintero, V. Vargas, J. Such, P. Ginés, V. Arroyo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Optical holography as an analogue for a neural reuse mechanism
Authors: Ann Speed, Stephen J. Verzi, John S. Wagner, Christina Warrender
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract We propose an analogy between optical holography and neural behavior as a hypothesis about the physical mechanisms of neural reuse. Specifically, parameters in optical holography (frequency, amplitude, and phase of the reference beam) may provide useful analogues for understanding the role of different parameters in determining the behavior of neurons (e.g., frequency, amplitude, and phase of spiking behavior).
Dihydrotestosterone Inhibits Fetal Rabbit Pulmonary Surfactant Production
Authors: Heber C. Nielsen, Howard M. Zinman, John S. Torday
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Males have a higher morbidity and mortality for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) than females, and respond less well to hormone therapy designed to prevent RDS by stimulating fetal pulmonary surfactant production. We have shown that male fetuses exhibit delayed production of pulmonary surfactant. We tested the hypothesis that the sex difference in fetal pulmonary surfactant production is under hormonal control. Pulmonary surfactant was measured as the saturated phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin ratio (SPC/S) in the lung lavage of fetal rabbits at 26 d gestation. There was an association between the sex of neighboring fetuses and the SPC/S ratio of the female fetuses, such that with one or two male neighbors, respectively, females had decreasing SPC/S ratios (P < 0.05). We injected dihydrotestosterone (DHT) into pregnant does from day 12 through day 26 of gestation in doses of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 25 mg/d, and measured the SPC/S ratio in fetal lung lavage on day 26. In groups with the normal sex difference in fetal serum androgen levels (controls, 0.1 mg DHT/d) the normal sex difference in the SPC/S ratio was also present (females > males, P = 0.03). In the 1-mg/d group there was no sex difference in androgen levels and the sex difference in the SPC/S ratio was also eliminated as the female values were lowered to the male level. Higher doses of DHT (10, 25 mg/d) further reduced the SPC/S ratios. We injected the anti-androgen Flutamide (25 mg/d) from day 12 through day 26 of gestation. This treatment eliminated the normal sex difference in the lung lavage SPC/S ratio by increasing the male ratios to that of the females. We conclude that androgens inhibit fetal pulmonary surfactant production. An understanding of the mechanism of the sex difference in surfactant production may allow development of therapy that is as effective in males as in females for preventing RDS.
Quality of Life, vol 1: The Early Years, vol 2: The Middle Years
Authors: George T. Harrell
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The American Medical Association sponsored two congresses that dealt with the ages of man. The first of the meetings, in 1972, concerned itself with youth—the years through adolescence; and the second, in 1973, with the years 25 through 65. The third will be held in 1974 on "The Later Years." The congresses, cosponsored by a large number of organizations, represented not only medicine but health in a broader sense, including educational and social forces. <i>The Early Years</i>starts with the thesis that the quality of life of a baby begins with the birth of its parents. Since children are the parents of the next generation, they should be a first national priority. The social and biological influences, including genetics, are discussed. Experts examine infant and child health care and point out the deficiencies in each. We find several examples of successful local programs to improve particular aspects of health care.
Diagnosing Extrahepatic Bile Duct Stones Using Intraductal Ultrasonography: A Case Series
Authors: N. Ueno, T. Nishizono, K. Tamada, M. Ichiyama, S. Wada, T. Tomiyama, S. Tano, T. Aizawa, K. Kimura
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Background and Study Aims: Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS), a new ultrasonographic diagnostic procedure, was used to assess the presence of extrahepatic bile duct stones.
Vidéocapsule Endoscopique et Préparation Intestinale par Phosphate de Sodium Oral: Etude Comparative, Prospective et Randomisée
Authors: MG Lapalus, E Ben Soussan, JC Saurin, O Favre, D Heresbach, D Coumaros, M Gaudric, M Antonietti, PN d'Halluin, P Jacob, JL Gaudin, L Heyries, T Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

La vidéo-capsule endoscopique (VCE) est devenue l'examen de première intention après une gastroscopie et une coloscopie normales pour le bilan des hémorragies digestives inexpliquées. Elle permet un examen complet de l'intestin grêle mais son interprétation peut-être rendue difficile par la présence de résidus alimentaires, de bulles ou de bile. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer de façon comparative, prospective, randomisée et multicentrique l'intérêt d'une préparation intestinale par Phosphate de Sodium oral (NaP) avant VCE pour hémorragie digestive inexpliquée.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of a novel recombinant human von Willebrand factor manufactured with a plasma-free method: a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Christine Kempton, Carolyn Millar, Edward Romond, Amy Shapiro, Ingvild Birschmann, Margaret V. Ragni, Joan Cox Gill, Thynn Thynn Yee, Robert Klamroth, Wing-Yen Wong, Miranda Chapman, Werner Engl, Peter L. Turecek, Tobias M. Suiter, Bruce M. Ewenstein
Journal: Blood (2013)
Physician's Assistant Certifying Examinations
Authors: David Glazer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This is in reply to Dr Richard Smith's letter (233:135, 1975) concerning the performance of Medex graduates on the 1974 Physician's Assistant Certifying Examination. Dr Smith asserts that the mean scores of Medex program graduates were higher than those of "graduates of similar programs." This assertion is not correct, on the basis of the statistical analysis of the 1974 examination. Results indicate that the mean scores of Medex graduates on the written examination and the assessment of physical examination skills were significantly lower than the mean scores of graduates of two-year physician's assistant programs. It should be pointed out that the performance of Medex candidates varies in relation to the programs from which they have graduated, and thus, mean examination scores also vary among Medex programs. However, as a group, Medex graduates received significantly lower examination scores than did graduates of the two-year physician's assistant programs.
EFFECT OF PROLONGED BILE DRAINAGE IN THE CURE OF SUBACUTE AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
Authors: EDWARD ARCHIBALD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The object of the present small investigation was to discover, so far as was possible, the effect of bile drainage on that swelling of the pancreas that we loosely call pancreatitis in such patients as recover and regain some degree of their previous health. The only criterion of judgment available in all but one or two of the patients was the recurrence or the absence of symptoms similar to those for which the operation had been done. For the purposes of the investigation, all case reports were taken in which the operator had set down the fact that the pancreas was to palpation hard, enlarged, nodular, swollen, etc., whether infection of the bile tract or gallstones was present or not. It is recognized that, in making such a palpatory diagnosis of pancreatitis, one must reckon with the personal equation to a certain extent, and, to that extent, naturally, with a
Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development 1978
Authors: Susie J. Reitz
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Highlighting important original and review articles of the past year,<i>Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development 1978</i>is an asset to any pediatrician, child psychiatrist, and other professional dealing with children, whether in a clinical or academic setting. Generalists and students of human development also will find this book interesting. This most recent addition to an annual series begun 11 years ago contains well-written, important contributions from recent literature. The volume includes papers from a variety of noted psychology, pediatric, child-development, and other journals. The collection, organized for readability and quick reference, includes articles of interest to the busy practitioner who may be unable to regularly read all of the journals from which articles were selected. It also provides a hardbound digest of some of the year's notable works. This durable book, along with its predecessors, is an important tool in the attempt to organize the myriad of