tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Steroid induced psychosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a possible role of serum albumin level
Authors: F López-Medrano, R Cervera, O Trejo, J Font, M Ingelmo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Blockade of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) using infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against TNFα, is an effective treatment in rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. 1 2 Sifikakis reported success using infliximab in sight threatening Behçet's disease. 3 A preliminary study has also reported clinical improvements in the primary systemic vasculitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, with the soluble TNFα receptor etanercept. 4 The benefit of lenercept, a soluble p55 TNFα receptor fusion protein, on digital vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis has also been reported. 5 We report the compassionate treatment of six patients with refractory vasculitis using infliximab.Diagnoses were Wegener's granulomatosis in three and microscopic polyangiitis in three.Three patients were positive for proteinase-3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (PR3-ANCA) and one for myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA.Four were female, with a mean age of 58 years (range 23-77) and mean disease duration of 3.5 years.All had had at least three clinical relapses and had received prolonged treatment with corticosteroids and at least four immunosuppressive drugs.At the time of infliximab treatment the eyes were affected in four patients and the lung in three; in addition, five had profound constitutional symptoms.The mean prednisolone dose was 17 mg.Three intravenous doses of infliximab 200 mg were given at monthly intervals for three months.One patient complained of fatigue, myalgia, and blurred vision 24 hours after the first infusion, which did not recur on rechallenge.Infliximab was otherwise well tolerated.Five patients had remission of their disease, four within two weeks of treatment.This allowed steroid withdrawal in three and reduction by more than 50% in two.Disease activity assessed by the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Scores (BVAS) improved from a mean of 6.3 to 0.8 at three months (fig 1). 6 One patient receiving continued infliximab for six months relapsed when the treatment interval was extended to two months.Mean falls in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein were 17 mm/1st h and 13 mg/l, respectively.The ANCA status was unchanged.Anti-TNFα treatment heralds a new wave of specifically targeted biological interventions of potential value in the treatment of vasculitis.It offers the hope of improved therapeutic efficacy over current agents and the possibility of reducing exposure to steroids and immunosuppressive drugs.Further studies are warranted to confirm these observations and explore the role of infliximab as a component of initial protocols.. . . . . .
Radical prostatectomy and observation did not differ for mortality in localized prostate cancer
Authors: Philipp Dahm, Scott Gilbert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Wilt TJ, Brawer MK, Jones KM, et al; Prostate Cancer Intervention versus Observation Trial (PIVOT) Study Group. Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:203-13. 22808955
Smoking is a risk factor for anti-CCP antibodies only in rheumatoid arthritis patients who carry HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles
Authors: S P Linn-Rasker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objectives:</b> To study the gene–environment interaction of tobacco exposure and shared epitope on autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and undifferentiated arthritis. <b>Methods:</b> From incident cases of arthritis (n = 1305), patients who did not fulfil any classification criteria (undifferentiated arthritis (n = 486)) and those who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (n = 407) were identified. IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic-citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies, and HLA-DRB1 alleles were determined. <b>Results:</b> In rheumatoid arthritis, an interaction was found between tobacco exposure and shared epitope for the presence of anti-CCP antibodies, as the odds ratio for anti-CCP antibodies in patients having both tobacco exposure (TE) and shared epitope (SE) was higher than the summed odds ratios of patients having only tobacco exposure or shared epitope (odds ratios: TE+/SE−, 1.07; TE−/SE+, 2.49; and TE+/SE+, 5.27—all relative to TE−/SE−). A similar effect was found for RF, but stratification showed that the interaction primarily associated with the anti-CCP antibody response. In patients with undifferentiated arthritis at two weeks, or with persistent undifferentiated arthritis after one year, no interaction between tobacco exposure and shared epitope was observed for the presence of autoantibodies. <b>Conclusions:</b> Tobacco exposure increases the risk factor for anti-CCP antibodies only in shared epitope positive patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The gene–environment interaction between smoking and shared epitope leading to autoantibodies is specific for rheumatoid arthritis and is not observed in undifferentiated arthritis.
Lymph Drainage in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Allan E. Dumont, Roy H. Clauss, George E. Reed, David A. Tice
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

UNDERSTANDING of the physiologic alterations present in patients with congestive heart failure is limited in part by incomplete knowledge concerning pathogenesis of elevated venous pressure and circulatory congestion. Although Starling1 recognized that a relation exists between changes in lymph transport and these two prominent features of congestive heart failure, direct information is lacking.Ligation of the inferior vena cava below the renal veins in laboratory animals does not result in sustained venous hypertension because edema formation, increased lymph flow and collateral venous flow dissipate pressure. In contrast, in constrictive pericarditis, circulatory alterations resemble those seen in congestive heart failure. Sustained . . .
NHS may be forced to rely on private auditors, adding to costs
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The abolition of the government’s spending watchdog, the Audit Commission, could lead to the greater use of private financial consultants, a leading health economist has warned.

Alan Maynard, professor of health economics at York University, said he was “shocked but not surprised” by the announcement last week by Eric Pickles, the secretary of state for communities and local government, that the commission would be wound down by 2012.

“The commission has become very expensive,” Professor Maynard said. “The intention seems to be to use private consultancy firms instead, like Price Waterhouse and KPMG. The risk is that money will be spent inappropriately. But I …
Hfe Acts in Hepatocytes to Prevent Hemochromatosis
Authors: Maja Vujić Spasić, Judit Kiss, Thomas Herrmann, Bruno Galy, Stefanie Martinache, Jens Stolte, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Wolfgang Stremmel, Matthias W. Hentze, Martina U. Muckenthaler
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2008)
Use of tracheal organ cultures in toxicity testing.
Authors: B P Lane, S L Miller, E J Drummond
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Fragments of tracheal epithelium alone or in continuity with connective tissues, can be maintained in culture medium and used for short term or long term studies of toxicity of a variety of chemicals. Large numbers of uniform cultures are prepared with the aid of a slicing device or by application of simple method for dissecting sheets of epithelium free from underlying cartilage. The cultures may be placed in an exposure chamber-incubator mounted on a microscope stage and monitored continually for ciliostasis and exfoliation of cells. Morphology is further studied by fixation of selected specimens and preparation for light microscopy and electron microscopy. Synthetic functions are evaluated by autoradiographic measurement of incorporation of radioactive precursors into macromolecules and other dynamic features are indirectly assessed by histochemical and histoenzymatic methods. Short-term studies using these several techniques have shown that ciliostasis does not correlate with cell injury in all instances, and a long-term study has demonstrated dose dependence of a cytotoxic agent when duration of culture viability is measured. The method lends itself to a broad range of investigations in which dose, period of exposure, and role of cofactors must be independently and quantitatively assessed.
The effect of thrombin on the uptake and transformation of arachidonic acid by human platelets
Authors: Francis A. Russell, Daniel Deykin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1976)

Washed human platelets take up arachidonic acid from plasma and incorporate the fatty acid into the major classes of complex lipids. Thrombin impairs net incorporation. It activates endogenous phospholipases which liberate arachidonic acid from phospholipids. As a consequence of thrombin induced aggregation platelets release arachidonic acid intermediates formed by the action of platelet fatty acid cyclooxygenase and by platelet fatty acid lipoxygenase. Cyclooxygenase, but not lipoxygenase, is inhibited by aspirin and indomethicin. Analysis of the pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism may furnish new insight into platelet function and into disorders of primary hemostasis.
Cut science funding at your peril, MP warns chancellor
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The United Kingdom’s coalition government needs to look beyond the short term and start considering the longer term implications of any cuts in science research budgets, warns an influential committee of MPs.

Andrew Miller, Labour MP and chairman of the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee, has criticised chancellor of the exchequer George Osborne’s timetable for the proposed spending review in the autumn, which will look at spending cuts across the board, including medical research.

In a letter to the chancellor dated 27 July Mr Miller warns: “The timetable does not sit well with the parliamentary calendar.” It requires a response by August, he said, and he expressed …
Functional Changes in Aging Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Kayoko Tanji-Matsuba, Stephan F. van Eeden, Yuji Saito, Mitsushi Okazawa, Maria E. Klut, Shizu Hayashi, James C. Hogg
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the expression of L-selectin on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) decreases as the cell ages in the circulation and that these older PMN have more fragmented DNA and show morphological features of apoptosis.The present study was designed to compare the functional capabilities of PMN expressing low levels of L-selectin (L-selectin[low]) and the total population of PMN they were isolated from (L-selectin[mixed]). The results show no difference of the baseline filamentous actin (F-actin) content between PMN expressing low and high levels of L-selectin. However, the ability of L-selectin(low) PMN to assemble F-actin was impaired after stimulation by n-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP) (1 nmol/L fMLP: P<.02, 10 nmol/L fMLP: P<.01). The ability of L-selectin(low) PMN to change shape when stimulated (10 nmol/L fMLP) was also decreased (P<.05). Filtration studies showed no difference in baseline deformability between L-selectin(low) and L-selectin(mixed) leukocytes, but the L-selectin(low) cells showed a decreased ability to stiffen after fMLP stimulation (P<.05). L-selectin(low) cells demonstrated a decreased ability to migrate toward a chemoattractant (1, 3, and 10 nmol/L fMLP) (P<.004) but have an enhanced ability to upregulate CD18 (P<.00002) and produce hydrogen peroxide (P<.00004).We conclude that PMN undergo substantial functional changes as they age in the circulation.
Editorial: A cumulated index to The Journal
Authors: S. Crawford
Journal: JAMA (1975)

It is a little-known fact that<i>The Journal of the American Medical Association</i>dates back to 1848. It was not calledThe Journalthen, but was issued under the title<i>Transactions of the AMA,</i>and included news about the profession, association activities, as well as original scientific contributions reflecting medicine and its contemporary environmental context. There is an account of the member who pleaded reform, as a European visitor had just won a bet that he could earn a US medical diploma without attending a class (<i>Trans AMA</i>30:36, 1879). A scientific article was presented on the negative effects of tea and coffee on the laboring classes, ie, schoolteachers and social workers (<i>Trans AMA</i>2:635, 1849). And in those days, attending meetings was difficult, not because of holding patterns around airports, but rather because of uncertainties related to horse, carriage, and spring floods. By 1882, the "Transactions" had grown to
Smallpox Immunization in the 21st Century
Authors: Mary E. Wright, Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunohistochemical detection of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers in human liver
Authors: Eduardo Martínez-Ansó, José E. Castillo, Javier Díez, Juan F. Medina, Jesús Prieto
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Sodium-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity has been observed in isolated rat hepatocytes and intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells, where it is involved in intracellular pH regulation and, possibly, biliary bicarbonate secretion. Monoclonal antibodies to the membrane domain of human chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger proteins, AE1 and AE2, were prepared so that we might determine by immunohistochemical methods the presence and location of these antiporters in the human liver. To obtain the antibody against AE1, we immunized mice with injections of washed human erythrocytes. The selected monoclonal antibody was found to be specific for the 17-kD proteolytic membrane fragment of AE1 protein. The antibody to AE2 was produced with a 14-mer synthetic peptide, whose sequence corresponds specifically to amino acid residues 871 to 884 in the deduced primary structure of human kidney AE2 protein. When the monoclonal antibody to AE2 peptide was employed for the immunohistochemical study of liver specimens (by both immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase), a clearly defined staining was present at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, as well as the luminal side of the membrane of bile duct epithelial cells from small and medium-sized bile ducts. No staining was observed in the liver parenchyma with the monoclonal antibody to AE1, which instead strongly decorated the erythrocytes in liver blood vessels. We conclude that AE2 immunoreactivity is present in human liver, where it localizes very specifically to the membrane regions, which appear most probably involved in the transport of bicarbonate to bile (i.e., the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes and the apical side of epithelial cells of small and medium bile ducts).
Lymphotoxin-Dependent Prion Replication in Inflammatory Stromal Cells of Granulomas
Authors: Mathias Heikenwalder, Michael O. Kurrer, Ilan Margalith, Jan Kranich, Nicolas Zeller, Johannes Haybaeck, Magdalini Polymenidou, Matthias Matter, Juliane Bremer, Walker S. Jackson, Susan Lindquist, Christina J. Sigurdson, Adriano Aguzzi
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Comparison of TI-201 and Tc-99m MIBI SPECT Imaging in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: SHYH-JEN WANG, CHUNG-YUAN HSU, WAN-YU LIN, CHIA-HUNG KAO, JIAN-SHENG JAN, SHIN-HWA YEH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Both TI-201 and Tc-99m MIBI uptake in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have been reported, yet no comparative study of these two agents using SPECT images has been undertaken for NPC. This study compares the relative effectiveness of TI-201 and Tc-99m MIBI SPECT for detecting NPC. In the patients with NPC, 26 of 32 (81%) showed TI-201 tumor uptake, whereas 24 of 32 (75%) showed Tc-99m MIBI tumor uptake. This preliminary study suggests that both Tc-99m MIBI and TI-201 SPECT imaging can be helpful in detecting NPC, and that sensitivity is slightly higher in TI-201 SPECT imaging.
ST-SEGMENT DEPRESSION IN LEAD AVR COMBINED WITH NO ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION IN LEAD V1 DIFFERENTIATES TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY FROM ANTERIOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Kiyoshi Hibi, Noriaki Iwahashi, Kengo Tsukahara, Nobuhiko Maejima, Mitsuaki Endo, Satoshi Morita, Toshiyuki Ishikawa, Kazuaki Uchino, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Rhabdomyolysis Detected by Bone Imaging
Authors: JANE A SANDERS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Rhabdomyolysis involves necrosis of skeletal muscle and may arise from multiple conditions both traumatic and nontraumatic. Bone imaging with Technetium-99m phosphates is a very sensitive indicator of acute muscle damage and may be used to visualize the extent of rhabdomyolysis and its resolution. A case of alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis is presented.
Do Gifts Create Moral Obligations for Recipients?
Authors: Mary Simmerling, Peter Angelos, Aviva Goldberg, Joel Frader
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

In “An ‘Opting In’ Paradigm for Kidney Transplantation,” David Steinberg proposes increasing the number of cadaver kidneys available for transplantation through an “opting in” scheme to encourage p...
Perfusion and Ventilation Imaging in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: M. RAMOS, H. R. BAUMANN, F. MÜHLBERGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

From the *Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; †Pneumology Clinic, University of Bern and Tiefenauspital, Bern, Switzerland; and ‡Bernische Höhenklinik, Montana, Switzerland
Heterogeneous Basal Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Superoxide Dismutase Isoforms in Mammalian Heart
Authors: Mulugu V. Brahmajothi, Donald L. Campbell
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —The basal expression patterns of NO synthase (NOS; endothelial [eNOS], neuronal [nNOS], and cytokine-inducible [iNOS]) and superoxide dismutase (SOD; extracellular membrane bound [ECSOD], MnSOD, and CuZnSOD) isoforms in ferret heart (tissue sections and isolated myocytes) were determined by immunofluorescent localization. We demonstrate the following for the first time in the mammalian heart: (1) heterogeneous expression patterns of the 3 NOS and 3 SOD isoforms among different tissue and myocyte types; (2) colocalization of eNOS and ECSOD at both the tissue and myocyte levels; (3) a significant gradient of eNOS and ECSOD expression across the left ventricular (LV) wall, with both enzymes being highly expressed and colocalized in LV epicardial myocytes but markedly reduced in LV endocardial myocytes; and (4) specific subcellular localization patterns of eNOS and the 3 SOD isoforms. In particular, eNOS and ECSOD are demonstrated (electron and confocal microscopy) to be specifically localized to the sarcolemma of ventricular myocytes. Similar heterogeneous eNOS and ECSOD expression patterns were also obtained in human LV tissue sections, underscoring the general importance of these novel findings. Our data suggest a strong functional correlation between the activities of sarcolemmally localized myocyte eNOS and ECSOD in governing NO·/O 2 − interactions and suggest that NO-related modulatory effects on cardiac myocyte protein and/or ion channel function may be significantly more complex than is presently believed.
A will to live
Authors: I. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Those who try but fail to kill themselves are often glad that they survived -- I have met many such people myself. The wish to die is usually incubated in an abnormal state of mind, sometimes befuddled by drink or drugs, and usually clouded by a depression which distorts thinking and sucks the sense of meaning from life. These abnormal mental states are, however, in most cases temporary, the product of crises from which the person can see no way out. As the frame of mind changes, so does the will to …
CD4+CD25−Foxp3− Th1 cells are the source of IL-10–mediated immune suppression in chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Charles F. Anderson, Mohammed Oukka, Vijay J. Kuchroo, David Sacks
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Nonhealing forms of leishmaniasis in humans are commonly associated with elevated levels of the deactivating cytokine IL-10, and in the mouse, normally chronic infections can be cleared in the absence of IL-10. Using a Leishmania major strain that produces nonhealing dermal lesions in a T helper type 1 (Th1) cell-polarized setting, we have analyzed the cellular sources of IL-10 and their relative contribution to immune suppression. IL-10 was produced by innate cells, as well as CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(-) T cells in the chronic lesion. Nonetheless, only IL-10 production by antigen-specific CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(-) T cells, the majority of which also produced IFN-gamma, was necessary for suppression of acquired immunity in Rag(-/-) reconstituted mice. Surprisingly, Rag(-/-) mice reconstituted with naive CD4(+) T cells depleted of natural T regulatory cells developed more severe infections, associated with elevated levels of IL-10 and, especially, Th2 cytokines in the site. The data demonstrate that IL-10-producing Th1 cells, activated early in a strong inflammatory setting as a mechanism of feedback control, are the principal mediators of T cell-derived IL-10-dependent immune suppression in a chronic intracellular infection.
Why do I have psoriasis?
Authors: N.H. Cox, W.D. Paterson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Why do I have psoriasis? Get access N.H. Cox, N.H. Cox Department of Dermatology, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle CA2 7HY, U.K Neil H.Cox. E‐mail: Neil.Cox@ncumbria‐acute.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.D. Paterson W.D. Paterson Department of Dermatology, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle CA2 7HY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 1, 1 January 2003, Page 169, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.04980.x Published: 01 January 2003 Article history Accepted: 22 April 2002 Published: 01 January 2003