tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with lung cancer
Authors: Christian Gurioli, Sara Tomassetti, Claudia Ravaglia, Micaela Romagnoli, Gianluca Casoni, Nicola Sverzellati, Maurizio Zompatori, Marco Chilosi, Venerino Poletti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: The association of lung cancer (LC) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is well recognized. The poor prognosis of both conditions and the risk of serious complications related to LC treatment make the clinical management particularly difficult.  Aims: To describe the clinical profile and survival of IPF associated or not with LC  Methods: Retrospective cohort study from data collected in a prospective manner and retrieved from the IPF registry of Pulmonology Unit (Morgagni Hospital, Forli, Italy). Study period from January 2000 to December 2010.  Results: 208 patients diagnosed with IPF according to ATS/ERS criteria and followed in our IPF Clinic. Nineteen (9.1%) patients developed LC (cancer group, CG). Compared to patients without LC (non-cancer group, NCG), CG were older (68.5±7.9 vs 63.9±8.9 years), more frequently smokers (79.5% vs 67.8%) and heavier smokers (pky 44.3±32.1 vs 30.6±21.9), they had better baseline functional respiratory tests and similar number of familial IPF cases. There was not a statistically significant difference in median survival in the two groups (32 months in CG and 46 months in NCG, p=0.179).  Conclusions: Cigarette smoke was the only clinical variable associated with increased risk of developing LC in IPF patients. We did not observe any difference in incidence of LC when comparing familial and sporadic forms of IPF. Survival did not differ despite better functional tests at baseline in the CG.
Effects of pharmacist interventions to inhalation medication adherence and lung functions in COPD patients at one stop service clinic
Authors: Panomporn Junlaor, Visaka Boontod, Narin Chindavech
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Backgrounds: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death and major health problem and costs in Thailand. Patient adherence in COPD is essential to optimize disease control. However in real life practice, poor adherence to inhalation medication is common. At COPD clinic, pharmacists play a critical role for help patients understand the disease, educate inhaler devices technique to improve adherence and that it might increase lung functions.

Methods: A descriptive study of 85 COPD patients who consecutively follow up at least 4 times per year at one stop service COPD clinic from January 2012 to January 2013 before and after pharmacist interventions in term of adherence and lung functions. Interventions included counseling, teaching and demonstration device one by one.

Results: Before pharmacist interventions, we found that patients with good adherence was 31.8% and after interventions by brief counseling of disease knowledge and demonstration inhaler devices technique adherence increase to 47.1%, 51.8% in 3 months and 1 year follow up (p<0.05).The peak expiratory flow rates and FEV1 measured before and after improved with statistical significance (p<0.05). Patients satisfactions was also increased significantly (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Pharmacist interventions in COPD patients at one stop service clinic can intervene to help patients improve their adherence and patients satisfaction.
Shear Wave imaging (SVI): A potential tool for analyzing early fibrotic changes in the subpleural space
Authors: Reinhard Kubale, Jonas Stroeder, Roland Seidel, Paul Lessenich, Oezgür Uslu, Aleksandar Grgic, Heinrike Wilkens
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Purpose: Elastography can provide information about tissue’s mechanical property. The new variant of shear wave imaging (SVI) enables a quick examination not only of breast tumours but also of tendons and liver stiffness.  Purpose of this study is to evaluate its feasibility for depicting subpleural parenchymal lung disease.  Material and Methods: 25 patients with normal lung and 22 patients with subpleural fibrotic changes proved by CT were correlated with the results of SVI (S3000 Siemens). Elastographic and displacement maps are compared with HRCT.  Results: A good quality of the displacement map was seen in 21/25 healthy patients. 20/25 had a clear delineation between normal lung and pleura. 18/22 patients with fibrotic changes had a focal or general reduced displacement in the subpleural space correlating with CT.  Conclusion: Although measurements of SVI in the subpleural space showed a great variation, semiquatitative analysis of the displacement map of subpleural lung parenchyma could be a useful tool for diagnosing and noninvasive follow-up controls of early stages of lung fibrosis. Factors that should be standardized are discussed.
A phase II trial of thalidomide (T), irinotecan (I) and gemcitabine (G) in chemonaive patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: A. R. Jazieh, R. Komrokji, S. Patil, D. Flora, M. Knapp, A. Gupta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

17068 Background: Chemotherapy with platinum based doublets provides only a modest benefit in advanced NSCLC with a median overall survival (OS) of 8 months and 1-year survival rate of 33% (Schiller JH et al, N Engl J Med 2002). We performed a phase II study to determine the efficacy of thalidomide, an immunomodulatory agent with antiangiogenic activity, in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: Chemonaive patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC with ECOG PS≤ 2 and adequate organ function were treated with G (1000 mg/m 2 ) and I (100 mg/m 2 ) IV on days 1 and 8 of a 21 day cycle. Patients also received T (200 mg orally with escalation as tolerated to a maximum of 400 mg daily). Therapeutic anticoagulation with coumadin was given to the last 11 patients. Results: Twenty four patients were enrolled: median age 57 years (41–76); M:F=17:7; ECOG PS 0/1/2=13/7/3; stage IV: IIIB= 21:3 and CNS involvement: 6. Two pts died before treatment, 1 was ineligible and 1 was lost to follow up. The remaining 20 pts received a median of 4 treatment cycles (range 1–6). The regimen was generally well tolerated and the most common grade 3–4 toxicities encountered were: diarrhea (4); pneumonia (3) and thromboembolic events (3). There were no thromboembolic events after anticoagulation was initiated. Two patients (10%) experienced partial response, 14 (70%) experienced stable disease, 1 had progressive disease. Three patients (15%) were not evaluable for response due to early withdrawal. The median OS was 10.8 months (range 0.6–37+) and 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 37% and 16%, respectively. The median time to progression was 3.6 months (range 0.2–11+). Conclusions: The combination of thalidomide and chemotherapy is reasonably well tolerated and active in advanced NSCLC as evidenced by good OS and 1- and 2-year survival rates. The addition of thalidomide to a non-platinum based regimen appears to compare favorably to the results of the traditional platinum based doublets. [Table: see text]
δ Plots: A Tool for Analyzing Phylogenetic Distance Data
Authors: B. R. Holland, K. T. Huber, A. Dress, V. Moulton
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

A method is described that allows the assessment of treelikeness of phylogenetic distance data before tree estimation. This method is related to statistical geometry as introduced by Eigen, Winkler-Oswatitsch, and Dress (1988 [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:5913–5917]), and in essence, displays a measure for treelikeness of quartets in terms of a histogram that we call a δ plot. This allows identification of nontreelike data and analysis of noisy data sets arising from processes such as, for example, parallel evolution, recombination, or lateral gene transfer. In addition to an overall assessment of treelikeness, individual taxa can be ranked by reference to the treelikeness of the quartets to which they belong. Removal of taxa on the basis of this ranking results in an increase in accuracy of tree estimation. Recombinant data sets are simulated, and the method is shown to be capable of identifying single recombinant taxa on the basis of distance information alone, provided the parents of the recombinant sequence are sufficiently divergent and the mixture of tree histories is not strongly skewed toward a single tree. δ Plots and taxon rankings are applied to three biological data sets using distances derived from sequence alignment, gene order, and fragment length polymorphism.
Relationships between lung function and physical characteristics in young adult black and white males and females
Authors: W F McDonnell, E Seal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

The relationships of lung function to physical characteristics in young adults have not been adequately described for different gender-race groups in the United States. As part of a study of the effects of ozone exposure upon Black and White men and women, we measured lung volumes, expiratory flow rates, and airways resistance on a sample of 314 healthy 18-35 yr old nonsmokers. Regression analysis indicated that lung function was adequately described as a linear function of either height or sitting height in each of the four groups, and that while not always significant, gender and race differences in the height and sitting height coefficients were consistently present with those of males and Whites larger than those of females and Blacks, respectively. Lung volumes were frequently observed to be associated with body mass index as measured by Quetelet Index (weight.height.2). The best fitting gender-race specific multiple regression models including these terms and occasional age terms are presented. Two additional models are presented, one of which simultaneously adjusts for both gender and race, and the other of which adjusts for gender for a given race. Comparison of predicted values from our study to those of other studies suggests that the population samples from this study may be similar to those of other American populations reported upon by others.
Specificity of the Deletion of Chromosome #15 in Mouse Plasmacytoma: Brief Communication 2
Authors: Michihiro C. Yoshida, Kazuo Moriwaki, Shunsuke Migita
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Q-banding studies in two independent hyperdiploid mouse plasmacytomas, 63-1 and the NP-38-ABCD subline of MSPC-1, revealed that deletion of a No. 15 chromosome was common. The deletion of No. 15 appeared to result from a translocation between No. 12 and 15 in the NP-38-ABCD, as in most plasmacytomas. In 63-1, however, No. 10 was probably a recipient chromosome of the missing segment from the deleted No. 15, and both chromosomes No. 12 remained intact. These karyotypic features suggest that the deleted No. 15 is a tumor-specific marker chromosome in mouse plasmacytoma and that an abnormality of No. 12 is not essential for development of the tumor. The constitution of chromosomes in the two plasmacytomas remained remarkably stable in their homogeneous modal population.
Converging evidence for the under-reporting of concussions in youth ice hockey
Authors: I J S Williamson, D Goodman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Background: Concussions are potentially serious injuries. The few investigations of prevalence or incidence in youth ice hockey have typically relied on prospective reports from physicians or trainers and did not survey players, despite the knowledge that many athletes do not report probable concussions. Objective: This study sought to compare concussion rates in youth ice hockey that were estimated from a variety of reporting strategies. Methods: Rates were calculated from British Columbia Amateur Hockey Association (BCAHA) official injury reports, from direct game observation by minor hockey volunteers (such as coaches and managers), as well as from retrospective surveys of both elite and non-elite youth players. All research was conducted within the BCAHA. Results: Estimates from official injury reports for male players were between 0.25 and 0.61 concussions per 1000 player game hours (PGH). Concussion estimates from volunteer reports were between 4.44 and 7.94 per 1000 PGH. Player survey estimates were between 6.65 and 8.32 per 1000 PGH, and 9.72 and 24.30 per 1000 PGH for elite and non-elite male youth hockey, respectively. Conclusion: It was found that concussions are considerably under-reported to the BCAHA by youth hockey players and team personnel.
Effect of Cytoskeleton-Disrupting Agents on the Metastatic Behavior of Melanoma Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ian R. Hart, Avraham Raz, Isaiah J. Fidler
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

The effects of treatment with colchicine, cytochalasin B, and low temperature (4 degrees C) on the metastatic behavior of the B16-F10 melanoma cell line were examined. The growth of metastases and the distribution of radiolabeled tumor cells were monitored in inbred C57/BL6 mice given iv injections of B16-F10 cells. Cells treated previously with both drugs, but not with low temperature, produced fewer lung nodules than did control cells and displayed alterations in tumor dissemination patterns. In vitro studies revealed that both drugs reduced the rate of adhesion of the tumor cells to bovine endothelial cell monolayers, the rate of migration from agarose droplets, the formation of homotypic aggregates, and agglutination by wheat germ agglutinin. The drugs also induced morphologic alterations of the cells grown in monolayer culture but had little effect on cell volume.
Review: In lacunar stroke, single antiplatelet therapy reduces recurrent stroke more than placebo
Authors: Salvador Cruz-Flores
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Kwok CS, Shoamanesh A, Copley HC, et al. Efficacy of antiplatelet therapy in secondary prevention following lacunar stroke: pooled analysis of randomized trials. Stroke. 2015;46:1014-23. 25721018
A phase II study of S-1 and oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for patients with recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer
Authors: H. Kim, G. Lee, H. Kim, O. Lee, I. Hwang, J. Kang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15583 Background: Palliative chemotherapy for patients with recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer has been shown to have a survival benefit. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), adriamycin, cisplatin have been widely used in different combinations. We performed a phase II study of combination chemotherapy with new agents, S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOx) in patients with recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer to evaluate efficacy and toxicity of this regimen. Methods: Histologically confirmed recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer were treated with S-1 80 mg/m2/day given as a orally on days 1–28, and oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 given as a 90-min intravenous infusion on days 1, 15, and 29. Treatment courses were repeated every 6 weeks. Patients received a maximum of four cycles. Results: Thirty-three patients were enrolled (22 male, 11 female) and the median age was 59 years (range, 36–74). The overall response rate was 64% (95% confidence interval (CI), 47–80%) with no complete response. With a median follow-up of 13.1 months, the median time to progression was 5.7 months (95% CI, 3.9–7.6 months) and median overall survival was 7.9 months (95% CI, 6.2–9.6 months). A total of 83 cycles of chemotherapy was delivered. The grade 3 hematologic toxicities included neutropenia (2.4% of all cycles) and anemia (3.6% of all cycles) and no grade 4 hematologic toxicities were observed. The grade 3 non-hematologic toxicities included nausea (3.6% of all cycles) and diarrhea (1.2% of all cycles). There was no treatment-related death. Conclusions: S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOx) combination chemotherapy showed relatively high response rate and was well tolerated as first-line therapy for recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Shin Poong Pharm
In vivo multiclonal transfer of blaKPC-3 from Klebsiella pneumoniae to Escherichia coli in surgery patients
Authors: F. Gona, F. Barbera, A.C. Pasquariello, P. Grossi, B. Gridelli, M.L. Mezzatesta, C. Caio, S. Stefani, P.G. Conaldi
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Phase II Trial of N,N-Diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)phenoxy]ethanamine.HCl and Doxorubicin Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study
Authors: K. Khoo, L. Brandes, L. Reyno, A. Arnold, S. Dent, T. Vandenberg, D. Lebwohl, B. Fisher, E. Eisenhauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: This multicenter phase II trial investigated the efficacy and toxicity of a combination of the novel intracellular histamine antagonist, N,N-diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)phenoxy]ethanamine.HCl (DPPE), and doxorubicin in patients with anthracycline-naïve metastatic breast cancer. Preclinical models and early single institutional studies suggested DPPE could potentiate the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-two women, 32 to 77 years old (median, 59 years), with anthracycline-naïve metastatic breast cancer were treated. Patients may have had one previous regimen of nonanthracycline chemotherapy, either in the adjuvant or metastatic disease treatment setting. DPPE (6 mg/kg) was administered as an 80 minute intravenous infusion with doxorubicin (60 mg/m 2 ) given intravenously over the last 20 minutes of the DPPE infusion. Patients were premedicated with an antiemetic and sedating regimen. The DPPE/doxorubicin treatment was given every 21 days for a maximum of seven cycles. RESULTS: All 42 patients were assessable. Overall, toxicity was comparable to that expected with doxorubicin alone, with the exception of DPPE-related motion sickness, mild hallucinations, and cerebellar signs at the time of the infusion. These CNS side effects were manageable in an ambulatory care setting, improved with subsequent cycles of treatment, and did not usually require hospitalization. Four patients developed febrile neutropenia. Thirty-five patients received four or more cycles of chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 52.5% (95% confidence interval, 36% to 68%), with 9.5% complete responses (n = 4), 43% partial responses (n = 18), and 38% of patients with stable disease (n = 16). CONCLUSION: The antitumour effects of DPPE/doxorubicin the 52.5% response rate seems encouraging, particularly in consideration of the fact that a recently reported randomized National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group trial using single-agent doxorubicin 60 mg/m 2 in one of the treatment arms achieved a 31% response rate. Thus, a randomized phase III trial of doxorubicin versus doxorubicin plus DPPE is being conducted in this clinical setting.
Immunosuppression Associated With SJL/J Murine Lymphoma. II. Characterization of a Plasma Suppressor Factor in Tumor-Bearing Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R K Kumar, A W Lykke, R Penny
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The properties of a factor responsible for immunosuppressive activity in the plasma of inbred SJL/J mice bearing transplanted lymphomas were investigated. Suppressive activity was not due to an intact virus but resided in a soluble molecule characterized as a nonimmunoglobulin protein of molecular weight 68,000-88,000. The plasma suppressor factor was relatively stable and was neither directly cytotoxic nor complement-dependent. The degree of suppression of in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses depended on the time of addition of plasma to cultures. Suppression was reversible if cells exposed to plasma were washed before mitogen stimulation, but stimulated cells exposed to the suppressor factor were irreversibly inhibited. The suppressor factor was partially species-specific. Supernatants from short-term cultures of tumor cells from lymph nodes of SJL/L mice contained a similar suppressor factor, indicating that the plasma factor was probably a product of tumor cells.
Role of routine imaging in detecting recurrent lymphoma: A review of 258 patients with relapsed aggressive non‐Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: TC El‐Galaly, Karen Juul Mylam, Martin Bøgsted, Peter Brown, Maria Rossing, Anne Ortved Gang, Anne Haglund, Bente Arboe, Michael Roost Clausen, Paw Jensen, Michael Pedersen, Anne Bukh, Bo Amdi Jensen, Christian Bjørn Poulsen, Francesco d'Amore, Martin Hutchings
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

After first-line therapy, patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and aggressive non-HL are followed up closely for early signs of relapse. The current follow-up practice with frequent use of surveillance imaging is highly controversial and warrants a critical evaluation. Therefore, a retrospective multicenter study of relapsed HL and aggressive non-HL (nodal T-cell and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas) was conducted. All included patients had been diagnosed during the period 2002-2011 and relapsed after achieving complete remission on first-line therapy. Characteristics and outcome of imaging-detected relapses were compared with other relapses. A total of 258 patients with recurrent lymphoma were included in the study. Relapse investigations were initiated outside preplanned visits in 52% of the patients. Relapse detection could be attributed to patient-reported symptoms alone or in combination with abnormal blood tests or physical examination in 64% of the patients. Routine imaging prompted relapse investigations in 27% of the patients. The estimated number of routine scans per relapse was 91-255 depending on the lymphoma subtype. Patients with imaging-detected relapse had lower disease burden (P = 0.045) and reduced risk of death following relapse (hazard ratio = 0.62, P = 0.02 in multivariate analysis). Patient-reported symptoms are still the most common factor for detecting lymphoma relapse and the high number of scans per relapse calls for improved criteria for use of surveillance imaging. However, imaging-detected relapse was associated with lower disease burden and a possible survival advantage. The future role of routine surveillance imaging should be defined in a randomized trial.
Growth hormone and the kidney
Authors: M H O'Shea, D T Layish
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

Hypersomatotropism is accompanied by a significant increase in GFR and RPF. A case of a patient with acromegaly and supranormal renal function as measured by inulin and p-aminohippurate clearances is reported. The literature regarding the effects of growth hormone on renal function is reviewed, and the potential mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications of these effects are discussed.