tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Memoirs of a service reduction survivor
Authors: V. Royston
Journal: BMJ (1997)

There was a strange irony surrounding the gestation time of the reduction in the family planning service. Nine months from conception to birth or, perhaps less prosaically, from proposal to implementation. Perhaps the unconscious at work in large organisations deserve more respect.

Locally, financial restraints have resulted in a more limited service which in essence restricts service provision to under 21 year olds. Patients above this age will have access to family planning clinics only via formal referral from general practitioners or for postcoital contraception. The results of this decision are painful for both staff and patients.

“I can't talk to my GP about family planning problems. She is so busy and I feel guilty discussing things when …
David Maurice Denison
Authors: A. N. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

David Maurice Denison, who died aged 80 after a long illness on 8 February this year, was one of the outstanding aviation physiologists of his generation. With other scientists at Farnborough, he made enormous contributions to civilian and manned flight safety. His research spanned explaining the Apollo 1 disaster to understanding why diving mammals do not get the bends. He achieved national recognition for his expert evidence in the Billie-Jo Jenkins murder case with his findings from several years of personal research, which provided sufficient doubt to overturn the original conviction.

He had a truly original mind with a ceaseless curiosity to understand. He took endless care to teach his students to think for themselves and to challenge scientific orthodoxy. It is a tribute to his teaching that so many of those who worked with him have gone on to have very successful medical and academic careers. He inspired great admiration and affection in those who knew and worked with him, and he had a great capacity for friendship. He was a kind, generous man, always thoughtful of others.

David was born one of identical twins, in 1933 at Hammersmith Hospital, to where he would return in the late 1960s to work with Moran Campbell. By his own admission, his school career was not a great success. He left without A levels, having in one report been declared unfit for higher education, and started work as a junior analyst in Hounslow for Parke Davis, manufacturers of pharmaceuticals and toothpaste, before working as a laboratory technician at Ashford Hospital. He was called up for national service in January 1953, joining the Royal Artillery and later the Royal Army Medical Corps.

After national service he applied to a number of medical schools, having studied biological sciences and chemistry at night school while …
Effect of Rosuvastatin on Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Low-Risk Individuals With Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: John R. Crouse, Joel S. Raichlen, Ward A. Riley, Gregory W. Evans, Mike K. Palmer, Daniel H. O’Leary, Diederick E. Grobbee, Michiel L. Bots, for the METEOR Study Group
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Atherosclerosis is often advanced before symptoms appear and it is not clear whether treatment is beneficial in middle-aged individuals with a low Framingham risk score (FRS) and mild to moderate subclinical atherosclerosis.To assess whether statin therapy could slow progression and/or cause regression of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) over 2 years.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Measuring Effects on Intima-Media Thickness: an Evaluation of Rosuvastatin [METEOR]) of 984 individuals, with either age (mean, 57 years) as the only coronary heart disease risk factor or a 10-year FRS of less than 10%, modest CIMT thickening (1.2-<3.5 mm), and elevated LDL cholesterol (mean, 154 mg/dL); conducted at 61 primary care centers in the United States and Europe between August 2002 and May 2006.Participants received either a 40-mg dose of rosuvastatin or placebo.Rate of change in maximum CIMT (assessed with B-mode ultrasound) for 12 carotid sites; changes in maximum CIMT of the common carotid artery, carotid bulb, and internal carotid artery sites and in mean CIMT of the common carotid artery sites. CIMT regression was assessed in the rosuvastatin group only.Among participants in the rosuvastatin group, the mean (SD) baseline LDL cholesterol level of 155 (24.1) mg/dL declined to 78 (27.5) mg/dL, a mean reduction of 49% (P<.001 vs placebo group). The change in maximum CIMT for the 12 carotid sites was -0.0014 (95% CI, -0.0041 to 0.0014) mm/y for the rosuvastatin group vs 0.0131 (95% CI, 0.0087-0.0174) mm/y for the placebo group (P<.001). The change in maximum CIMT for the rosuvastatin group was -0.0038 (95% CI, -0.0064 to -0.0013) mm/y for the common carotid artery sites (P<.001), -0.0040 (95% CI, -0.0090 to 0.0010) mm/y for the carotid bulb sites (P<.001), and 0.0039 (95% CI, -0.0009 to 0.0088) mm/y for the internal carotid artery sites (P = .02). The change in mean CIMT for the rosuvastatin group for the common carotid artery sites was 0.0004 (95% CI, -0.0011 to 0.0019) mm/y (P<.001). All P values are vs placebo group. Overall, rosuvastatin was well tolerated with infrequent serious adverse cardiovascular events (6 participants [0.86%] had 8 events [1.1%] over 2 years).In middle-aged adults with an FRS of less than 10% and evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis, rosuvastatin resulted in statistically significant reductions in the rate of progression of maximum CIMT over 2 years vs placebo. Rosuvastatin did not induce disease regression. Larger, longer-term trials are needed to determine the clinical implications of these findings.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00225589
Application of Physical Chemistry Principles to the Study of Anxiety and Depression
Authors: B. Ecanow, B.H. Gold, P. Tunkunas
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

Fluctuations of energy inputs, both psychological and physical, are reflected in fluctuations in the degree of cellular dispersion or aggregation. In depression the cells are closely aggregated in a matrix of micellar or coacervate media. A previous proposal by Ecanow as to the mechanism of anesthetic action is here extended to ataractic drug action. The membranes micellar-water-coacervate phase incorporates the ataractic molecules and becomes more structured. The highly structered membrane permits only minimal exchange transport of ions and polar molecules e.g. glucose.
Fever: Blessing or Curse?
Authors: Eric Schwam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 December 1994Fever: Blessing or Curse?Eric Schwam, MDEric Schwam, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Although I agree with Dr. Mackowiak [1] that it is useful to view biological processes such as fever from an evolutionary perspective, his hypothesis is based on a misunderstanding of the process of evolution by natural selection. His assumption that the essence of evolution is “preservation of the species rather than the survival of the individual” has no basis in evolutionary theory.Genes are “selfish” [2]. Their sole “purpose” is to make copies of themselves. If a gene's phenotype confers a survival advantage that allows an individual to reproduce, then more copies of the gene are produced. ...References1. Mackowiak PA. Fever: blessing or curse? A unifying hypothesis. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:1037-40. Google Scholar2. Dawkins R. The Selfish Gene. New York: Oxford University Press; 1976. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Eric Schwam, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMedicine and evolution: time for a new paradigm? 15 December 1994Volume 121, Issue 12Page: 982-984KeywordsBehaviorBlood volumeDiarrheaFeversHeart failureHypoxiaMortalityPhenotypesReproductive systemSystems biology ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Midline Catheters: The Final Chapter
Authors: Leonard Mermel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 February 1997Midline Catheters: The Final ChapterLeonard Mermel, DO, ScMLeonard Mermel, DO, ScMRhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-4-199702150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:On 18 September 1996, Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc., withdrew the Streamline peripheral catheter, Landmark midline catheter, and Centermark peripherally inserted central catheter from the U.S. market. All of these intravascular catheters are made of the unique copolymer Aquavene. This event reflects the culmination of investigations by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [1] and others [2, 3], which showed that these catheters, unlike any others on the U.S. market, are associated with life-threatening anaphylactoid reactions. Important lessons are to be learned, as eloquently expressed in the editorial [4] that accompanied our report [2]. Namely, health care ...References1. Blum D. Untoward events associated with use of midterm i.v. devices. J Intraven Nurs. 1995; 18:116-9. Google Scholar2. Mermel LA, Parenteau S, Tow SM. The risk of midline catheterization in hospitalized patients. A prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:841-4. Google Scholar3. Adverse reactions associated with midline catheters, 1992-1995. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995; 45:101-3. Google Scholar4. Maki DG. Reactions associated with midline catheters for intravenous access [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:884-6. Google Scholar5. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Medical Bulletin. Medical Device Reporting. 1996; 26:6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Leonard Mermel, DO, ScMAffiliations: Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPeriphervenöse ErnährungAdverse reactions due to Aquavene� 15 February 1997Volume 126, Issue 4Page: 334KeywordsAdverse reactionsCathetersFood and Drug AdministrationForecastingHealth care providersPeripherally inserted central catheters ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Significance of prolonged peripheral vasoconstriction after open-heart surgery
Authors: H. R. Matthews, J. B. Meade, C. C. Evans
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Matthews, H. R., Meade, J. B., and Evans, C. C. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 343-348. <b>Significance of prolonged peripheral vasoconstriction after open-heart surgery.</b> Abnormally prolonged peripheral vasoconstriction has been detected prospectively by means of a toe temperature nomogram in 15 (11·5%) out of 131 patients following cardiopulmonary bypass. This state has been associated with a 53% incidence of hospital death, a detectable pathological cause in all cases, and in seven of the 15 cases it was the first or only evidence of a circulatory disorder. It is apparent that toe temperature monitoring after open-heart surgery gives early warning of a wide variety of potentially serious pathological processes, permitting effective treatment of the underlying cause before irreversible changes occur. It has become an indispensable part of routine postoperative care in our unit and is regarded as the simplest and most effective method of monitoring the circulation currently available.
Renal Cell Carcinoma in Children: A Clinicopathologic Study
Authors: Paolo Indolfi, Monica Terenziani, Fiorina Casale, Modesto Carli, Gianni Bisogno, Amalia Schiavetti, Antonia Mancini, Roberto Rondelli, Andrea Pession, Alessandro Jenkner, Paolo Pierani, Paolo Tamaro, Bruno De Bernardi, Andrea Ferrari, Nicola Santoro, Maria Giuliano, Giovanni Cecchetto, Luigi Piva, Gianmarco Surico, M. Teresa Di Tullio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To identify the prognostic factors, treatment, and outcome of children affected by renal cell carcinoma (RCC).The series included 41 patients (18 males and 23 females) with a median age of 124 months observed at the 11 Italian Association for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology centers from January 1973 to January 2001. Clinical data, surgical notes, pathologic findings, and summaries of therapy were taken from the charts.Seven (17%) of the 41 patients had a papillary histology, and 34 (82.4%) had nonpapillary histology. Eighteen patients (43.9%) had stage I, one patient (2.4%) had stage II, two patients (4.8%) had stage IIIA, 10 patients (24.3%) had stage IIIB, and nine patients (21.9%) had stage IV disease. One patient had a bilateral involvement at diagnosis. Seven patients experienced disease recurrence. Lung and liver were the most common distant lesions and usually were fatal. In this study, the major factor influencing the prognosis was the stage. Event-free survival at 20 years was 53.5% for all patients. Overall survival at 20 years was 54.9% for all patients.RCC is a rare disease in children and adolescents. This neoplasm has a different clinical presentation in children compared with adults but the same outcome. In our experience, patients with localized disease could be cured by nephrectomy alone. Prospective studies in a larger number of patients are needed to confirm radiation therapy and biologic response modifiers as effective adjunct therapy in RCC stage III. The alternative therapy seems warranted in patients with advanced disease.
Supervision registers for mentally ill people
Authors: G. Harrison, P. Bartlett
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Department of Health and the Royal College of Psychiatrists do not see eye to eye over the introduction of supervision registers for patients in the community who are judged to be at risk. In a recent exchange of correspondence the college expressed “strong concerns” about guidelines issued by the department for the introduction of the register on 1 October. Further discussions are planned, but the differences will not easily be resolved.

The issue is much more than a little local difficulty between psychiatrists and the Department of Health; its resolution will be important for all mental health profesionals and for purchasers of psychiatric services. The college is concerned that the criteria for including patients on supervison registers are too broad and about the substantial costs of setting up and servicing the registers. It is also worried about the unclear arragements for withdrawing patients from a register once they have been placed on it and the implications for patients' civil liberties-and about the legal position facing clinician and trusts in the event of a serious assault or suicide of a patient.

The Department of Health disagrees that concern is justified. The secretary of state denies that the criteria for inclusion are too broad, refuses to accept that the introduction of the registers implies the need for any new services requiring additional expenditure, and asserts that the proposed conditions for removing patients from the register are perfectly clear. She has avoided any detailed discussion of the college's concern about civil liberties and on the legal position has asserted that the introduction …
Ettriol Trinitrate and Prenylamine Lactate in Angina Pectoris
Authors: G. Sandler
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction and neuronal death, showing specific protein inclusions at autopsy. In vivo detection of these key proteins, namely amyloid-β, tau, α-synuclein, and trans-active response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa, is possible by means of molecular neuroimaging techniques, such as PET. The development of selective PET radiotracers targeting these proteins is critical for early and accurate diagnosis and for the successful development of disease-modifying therapies. Selective PET radiotracers for amyloid-β are already available, and potential tau tracers are emerging as new-generation biomarkers. An overview of the tau-PET radiotracer development scenario, focusing on tracers that are presently being examined in humans, is presented.
The purpose of experiments: Ecological validity versus comparing hypotheses
Authors: Robyn M. Dawes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract As illustrated by research Koehler himself cites (Dawes et al. 1993), the purpose of experiments is to choose between contrasting explanations of past observations – rather than to seek statistical generalizations about the prevalence of effects. True external validity results not from sampling various problems that are representative of “real world” decision making, but from reproducing an effect in the laboratory with minimal contamination (including from real world factors).
Improving education and resources for health care providers.
Authors: M Paul, L Welch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Workers and citizens are turning increasingly to the health care system for information about occupational and environmental reproductive hazards, yet most primary care providers and specialists know little about the effects of occupational/environmental toxicants on the reproductive system or how to evaluate and manage patients at potential risk. Although it is unrealistic to expect all clinicians to become experts in this area, practitioners should know how to take a basic screening history, identify patients at potential risk, and make appropriate referrals. At present, occupational and environmental health issues are not well integrated into health professional education in the United States, and clinical information and referral resources pertaining to reproductive hazards are inadequate. In addressing these problems, the conference "Working Group on Health Provider Education and Resources" made several recommendations that are detailed in this report. Short-term goals include enhancement of existing expertise and resources at a regional level and better integration of information on occupational/environmental reproductive hazards into curricula, meetings, and publications of medical and nursing organizations. Longer term goals include development of a comprehensive, single-access information and referral system for clinicians and integration of occupational and environmental medicine into formal health professional education curricula at all levels.
Increased sodium reabsorption in the proximal and distal tubule of caval dogs
Authors: George J. Kaloyanides, Roy J. Cacciaguida, Nancy C. Pablo, Jerome G. Porush
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The effects of water diuresis, hypotonic NaCl, and hypotonic mannitol diuresis on renal sodium and water excretion were examined in normal dogs and in dogs with chronic constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava and ascites (caval dogs). During all three diuretic states, the capacity to excrete solute-free water relative to the supply of sodium to the water clearing segment of the nephron was significantly greater in the caval dog. This finding was most evident during hypotonic NaCl diuresis but was also striking during hypotonic mannitol diuresis despite the more unfavorable gradient for sodium reabsorption at the distal tubule produced by this agent in caval dogs. In addition, fractional distal sodium load was significantly smaller in caval dogs during water diuresis and could not be increased as readily as in normal dogs by hypotonic NaCl or mannitol infusion. The data indicate that fractional sodium reabsorption is increased at the water clearing segment and the proximal tubule in caval dogs. The differences in the pattern of free water clearance and tubular sodium transport between normal and caval dogs could not be easily explained by alterations in renal hemodynamics or aldosterone secretion. It is suggested that in the caval dog an alteration occurs in other factors which might influence renal tubular sodium transport, such as intrarenal hemodynamics, renal interstitial volume or pressure, or a natriuretic hormone, leading to increased tubular sodium reabsorption.
An atlas of rectal endosonography
Authors: D Kumar
Journal: Gut (1992)

Rectal endosonography is proving to be a very useful method for assessing malignant as well as non-malignant disorders.This book pro- vides a simple and useful guide to ultrasonographic imaging of the anorectum.The technique of rectal endosonography is well described.The images are clear and examples on July 21, 2023 by guest.
A longitudinal study of transmission of tuberculosis in a large prison population.
Authors: F Chaves, F Dronda, M D Cave, M Alonso-Sanz, A Gonzalez-Lopez, K D Eisenach, A Ortega, L Lopez-Cubero, I Fernandez-Martin, S Catalan, J H Bates
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of transmission of tuberculosis in a large prison population over an 18-mo period. Restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was performed, using the insertion sequence IS6110 and the plasmid pTBN12. Patients infected with strains having the same fingerprint were grouped in clusters. Medical records were reviewed and movement of inmates among prisons was examined for selected patients. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 216 inmates (case rate = 2,283 per 100,000 per year). Isolates from 210 (97%) patients were fingerprinted, 155 (74%) were grouped in 25 clusters, and 55 (26%) showed a unique fingerprint. Recent infection was inferred in 62% of these patients. Eighty-four percent (161 of 192) of patients tested were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive, of whom 121 were in clusters and 40 were not (p = 0.74). Patients in clusters were less adherent with tuberculosis treatment than those not in clusters (p < 0.05), and prison transmission of resistant strains was observed. It is crucial that infection control guidelines be fully implemented in the prison setting to prevent tuberculosis transmission.
Peanut Epicutaneous Immunotherapy (EPIT) In Peanut-Allergic Children: 18 Months Treatment In The Arachild Study
Authors: Christophe Dupont, Thierry Bourrier, Frederic de Blay, Lydie Guénard-Bilbault, Christine Sauvage, Marie-Odile Cousin, Gisèle Kanny, Sophie Jarlot, Chantal Karila
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Quantum probability and conceptual combination in conjunctions
Authors: James A. Hampton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract I consider the general problem of category conjunctions in the light of Pothos &amp; Busemeyer (P&amp;B)'s quantum probability (QP) account of the conjunction fallacy. I argue that their account as presented cannot capture the “guppy effect” – the case in which a class is a better member of a conjunction A^B than it is of either A or B alone.