tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bone Mineral Density and the Risk of Incident Nonspinal Fractures in Black and White Women
Authors: Jane A. Cauley, Li Yung Lui, Kristine E. Ensrud, Joseph M. Zmuda, Katie L. Stone, Marc C. Hochberg, Steven R. Cummings
Journal: JAMA (2005)

ContextBlack women have a lower rate of fracture than white women, but whether bone mineral density (BMD) predicts fracture risk as well in black women as it does in white women is not established.ObjectiveTo examine the association between BMD and incident nonspinal fractures in older black and white women.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective cohort study of baseline data collected from 1986 through 1990 (7334 white women aged 67-99 years) and from 1996 through 1998 (636 black women aged 65-94 years) at 4 US clinical centers in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures; mean (SD) follow-up of 6.1 (1.5) years until October 1, 2004.Main Outcome MeasuresIncident nonspinal fractures were confirmed by radiograpic report. Total hip and femoral neck BMD and bone mineral content were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.ResultsA total of 58 black women had a combined total of 61 fractures and 1606 white women had a combined total of 1712 fractures. In age-adjusted proportional hazard models, a 1-SD decrease in femoral neck BMD was associated with a 37% increased risk of fracture in black women (relative risk [RR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.74) and a 49% increase in fracture in white women (RR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.40-1.58). Adjustment for body weight and other risk factors for fracture weakened the association between BMD and fracture, especially among black women (multivariable adjusted RR per 1-SD decrease in femoral neck BMD for black vs white women: RR, 1.20 [95% CI, 0.93-1.55] vs RR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.32-1.52]). The absolute incidence of fracture across the pooled BMD distribution was 30% to 40% lower among black women at every BMD tertile. The lower risk of fracture among black compared with white women was independent of BMD and other risk factors (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.36-0.64).ConclusionsDecreased total hip and femoral neck BMD is associated with an increased risk of fracture in both older black and white women, but this relationship was largely explained by other risk factors in black women. Black women have a lower fracture risk than white women at every level of BMD. Race-specific normative databases may be appropriate for the densitometric definition of osteoporosis.
Realities, Myths-Reply
Authors: Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  Dr Borelli has apparently misunderstood the reasons for my strong disagreement1with his COMMENTARY.2The assumption that I was supporting the insanity defense is unwarranted, since no such statements were included in my editorial. The opinions in Dr Borelli's COMMENTARY touched on two issues: (1) what to do about the insanity defense, and (2) the validity of psychiatric diagnosis. My main criticisms of the COMMENTARY were that it confounded these two separate issues, and that the assertion that  illness is a bit like the Emperor's New Clothes2was a disservice to psychiatry and to patients suffering from mental disorders. Nowhere in the editorial did I imply that all human suffering is caused by medical diseases. I did state that the suffering caused by mental disorders is real, and that a growing body of scientific evidence refutes the idea that these disorders are myths. While
A Case in Obstetrics.
Authors: A. H. Tufts
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Sioux Falls, S. D., Sept. 10, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On responding to a call in the country, July 24, to attend Mrs. S. in confinement, I found myself confronted with complications different from anything I had ever before encountered. I reached the home of my patient, about seven miles from town, about noon. She was a large, muscular woman about 42 years of age, living with her second husband. She had given birth to ten children by her first husband, the oldest now 19 years of age. She had also had three miscarriages, one since living with her present husband. I found her in bed, lying partially on her right side, with head and shoulders raised by pillows and her lower extremities elevated, because of a violent hemorrhage which had taken place. She was sweating profusely, was very cyanotic, with painful dyspnea; was coughing incessantly, raising enormous quantities of
Familiar English for Foreign Doctors
Authors: Celia M. Millward
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

For the foreign doctor meeting his first American patients, the language barrier is a very real one and one for which he ordinarily has not been prepared at all. His training in English, either in his native country or in the United States, has probably taught him to read professional literature, to understand examination questions, and to converse intelligently with his colleagues. But the specialized vocabulary presented in texts designed to teach English medical terminology to the foreigner seldom goes beyond this technical level. The small amount of nontechnical vocabulary offered is usually confined to nontaboo areas. However, doctors function, . . .
Royal Society warns of risks from depleted uranium
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Urgent attention must be paid to the health and environmental consequences from the depleted uranium used in many of the munitions fired in Iraq, the Royal Society has warned.

The society has publicly backed the United Nations Environment Programme's call for a scientific assessment of sites struck with depleted uranium weapons, the immediate distribution of guidelines to minimise the risk of exposure, and the need to clean up remnants.

The Ministry of Defence insists that the effects of depleted uranium are strictly localised. But after growing concern over the risk of …
CCB/ACE Inhibitor Dual Therapy for Hypertension Lowers Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Links to Chromosomes 10q and 6q and Is Genetically Related to Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: Robert B. Hinton, Lisa J. Martin, Smitha Rame-Gowda, Meredith E. Tabangin, Linda H. Cripe, D. Woodrow Benson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Rowachol--a possible treatment for cholesterol gallstones.
Authors: J Doran, M R Keighley, G D Bell
Journal: Gut (1979)

It has been claimed that Rowachol, a proprietary choleretic, is occasionally successful in the treatment of gallstones. In gallstone patients we have examined its effect on the lipid composition of (1) samples of fasting gall bladder bile obtained at the time of cholecystectomy, and (2) T-tube bile on the tenth post-operative day. In a dose of two capsules, three times a day for only 48 hours, Rowachol significantly lowered the cholesterol solubility of both gall bladder (P less than 0.001) and T-tube bile (P less than 0.05). Rowachol in a dose of one capsule three times a day for 48 hours did not alter bile composition, while four capsules four times a day for a similar period caused a significant (P less than 0.05) deterioration in biliary lipid composition. The possible mechanisms of action of Rowachol and their therapeutic implications are discussed.
Arterial embolism in thyrotoxicosis with atrial fibrillation.
Authors: J S Staffurth, M C Gibberd, S N Fui
Journal: BMJ (1977)

In 262 patients with thyrotoxicosis and atrial fibrillation there were 26 episodes of arterial embolism (17 cerebral and nine elsewhere) in 21 patients. Twelve incidents occurred with active thyrotoxicosis, three on reversion to sinus rhythm, and 11 after the patients were euthyroid. This important complication is more common than is realised, and most patients should be put on prophylactic anticoagulants when first seen with atrial fibrillation.
The Effectiveness of Mobile-Health Technologies to Improve Health Care Service Delivery Processes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Caroline Free, Gemma Phillips, Louise Watson, Leandro Galli, Lambert Felix, Phil Edwards, Vikram Patel, Andy Haines
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Caroline Free and colleagues systematically review controlled trials of mobile technology interventions to improve health care delivery processes and show that current interventions give only modest benefits and that high-quality trials measuring clinical outcomes are needed.
1047 EARLY VERSUS DELAYED TREATMENT OF ACUTE HEPATITIS C: THE GERMAN HEP-NET ACUTE HCV-III STUDY – A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: K. Deterding, N. Grüner, J. Wiegand, P. Buggisch, P. Galle, U. Spengler, H. Hinrichsen, T. Berg, M. Cornberg, A. Potthoff, H. Diepolder, S. Feyerabend, M.C. Jung, M.P. Manns, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Myxoid Liposarcoma Involving the Liver, Subcutaneous Tissue, and Epidural Space in a Polycystic Disease Patient
Authors: So Yeon Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Soo-Youn Park, Young Ha Park, Soo Kyo Chung
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

We present a case of a myxoid liposarcoma involving the liver, subcutaneous tissue, and epidural space in a polycystic disease patient with minimally increased F-18 FDG activity and review the image findings of myxoid liposarcoma.
EVALUATION OF PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTV (PTCA) WITH QUANTITATIVE THALLIUM MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION SCINTIGRAPHY (TMP)
Authors: John Simpson, Larry-Stuart Deutsch, Jean-Louis Barat, Michael L. Goris
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Simpson, John; Deutsch, Larry-Stuart; Barat, Jean-Louis; Goris, Michael L. Author Information
Implications of supervision registers in psychiatry
Authors: R Pugh, J Gardner, R Allen
Journal: BMJ (1994)

and for their mothers collected the information shown in the table and other data such as place of birth, number of other children in the household, and parental social class and smoking.Finally, we are aware that the accuracy of breast feeding recall may represent a problem after so many years, but why should we suspect a differential recall between the two study groups?We agree that our results must be treated with caution until other evidence supports them.Among our study groups the mothers of low socioeconomic status were more likely to have breast fed their infants.Thus, it is possible that infants who were breast fed longer were also exposed early in life to some viruses, but after our data were stratified by social class, the association between breast feeding and multiple sclerosis did not change.An intriguing point is that the fatty acid composition of human milk may be influenced by maternal diet,4 and diet may vary in mothers of differing socioeconomic status and from different countries.
A case of progressive breathlessness
Authors: E. Holden, H. Ranu, B. P. Madden
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 57 year old white man was seen in the outpatient clinic with a four month history of breathlessness on exertion, particularly when climbing the stairs. The breathlessness had started after a protracted episode of fever, weight loss, and breathlessness. His only medical history was pleurisy as a child, which had resolved after a routine course of antibiotics. He had no long term sequelae from this disease. He was a lifetime resident of the United Kingdom.

On examination the patient did not have a fever or any palpable lymphadenopathy. His heart rate was 76 bpm in normal sinus rhythm, jugular venous pressure (venous pulse) raised at 11 cm above the right atrium, and blood pressure 122/76 mm Hg, and his heart sounds were normal. His chest was clear but examination of his abdomen showed hepatomegaly. He had no pedal oedema. Oxygen saturations were 99% on room air. He did not desaturate after exercising up and down stairs; however, he did become tachycardic with a heart rate of 140 bpm.

Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram showed no evidence of pulmonary emboli; however, pericardial thickening was noted. An echocardiogram showed inspiratory decrease of transmitral early diastolic flow, dilated inferior vena cava without inspiratory collapse, and a bright pericardium. Cardiac catheterisation showed minor coronary artery disease, with equal diastolic pressures in the left and right atria and ventricles. The patient underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓).



Figure 1 





Figure 2



Bloods tests showed a bilirubin concentration of 54 μm/l, alkaline phosphatase of 556 U/l, γ glutamyltransferase of 864 U/l, and alanine transaminase of 43 U/l. A tuberculin skin test was performed (2 tuberculin units in 0.1 ml solution for injection), and the palpable raised area measured 22 mm. An interferon gamma test was not performed because the test …
1133-157 Effect of serum cholesterol levels on coronary vasoreactivity in patients with type II diabetes mellitus
Authors: Olakunle O Akinboboye, Yi Wang, Khurram Moin, Sunil Mathew, Kathy McGrath, Margurite Roth, Dwaraka Pollepalle, Raplh Dim, Nathaniel Reichek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
R.C.O.G. Statement on Oral Contraceptives
Authors: T. N. A. Jeffcoate
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The President of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists comments on oral contraceptives.  Recent findings make it reasonably certain that it is the estrogen component of the  which can sometimes if RARELY cause or favor cerebral and venous thrombosis and embolism and that the risk is dose related.  Normally preparations containing no more than 50 mcg of either mestranol or ethinyl estradiol are preferred.  Other reported side effects are of no special significance so long as women known to be at special risk are screened out and those who take the pills are kept under supervision to exclude the occasional development of glycosuria  hypertension and dysplasia in the epithelium of the cervix.  When a woman is advised to take 1 or other of the estrogen-progestogen preparations she has every right to be told not only of the advantages but of any hazards which are involved.  However the dangers of oral contraceptives have been grossly exaggerated and distored.  It is for this reason that the Royal College of Obstetricians has asked its President to issue a statement on oral contraceptives.  It is hoped that such a statement will help to reassure women and their medical attendants.  The estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives provide the most efficient method of contraception known and they constitute a group of drugs whose effects have been subjected t o closer study than most if not all others available to the  medical profession.  In the view of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists except in the case of those women known to be at special risk and provided proper medical supervision is maintained the advantages of the contraceptive pill far outweigh  its potential for harm.(AUTHORS MODIFIED)
Tumour necrosis factor blockade and the risk of vasculitis
Authors: M De Bandt, B Saint-Marcoux
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

We report on a French national retrospective survey, showing 39 cases of biopsy-proved drug-induced vasculitis in patients treated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockers for inflammatory arthritis, conducted among 1200 rheumatology and internal medicine practitioners registered on our website (http://www.CRI-net.com) between December 2004 and March 2005.

As, in France, the prescription for TNF blockers is limited to the hospitals, all the units using biologicals were contacted. The study included all patients ever known to have developed a vasculitic-like illness when under treatment with TNF blockers, and not only those who developed vasculitis during the 3-month study period.

Patients had longstanding destructive rheumatoid arthritis, spondylitis or juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). Table 1 lists the main characteristics and treatments. Patients developed localised (29 cases) or …
'Arthritis' in Byzantium (AD 324-1453): unknown information from non-medical literary sources.
Authors: J Lascaratos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To compile and analyse information contained in non-medical texts of the Byzantine historians and chroniclers concerning arthritis, and to clarify the first use of Colchicum autumnale in the treatment of gout by the fifth century physician, Jacob Psychristus. CONCLUSIONS--This material gives an indication of the problem of arthritis and, in particular, a disease resembling gout that tyrannised a great number of the population in the Byzantine Empire (AD 324-1453). Contemporary historians and chroniclers maintain that the main causes of gout (9podagra9) were the over-consumption of alcoholic drinks and food. Most relevant texts include anxiety and heredity among the aetiological factors of the disease. The incidence of this group of diseases among the Byzantine Emperors (it is certain that 14 of a total of 86 had a form of arthritis) and other officials of the State indicates that these diseases were a possible factor in certain political and military difficulties of the Empire.
Interaction between oral contraceptives and griseofulvin.
Authors: C P van Dijke, J C Weber
Journal: BMJ (1984)

22 reports of a possible interaction between oral contraceptives (OCs) and the antifungal drug griseofulvin received by the Committee on the Safety of Medicines in the UK and the Netherlands Centre for Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Drugs are analyzed.  15 longterm users of OCs aged 17-42 years were reported to have experienced transient intermenstrual bleeding and 5 users aged 17-44 experienced amenorrhea in the 1st or 2nd cycles after being treated with griseofulvin .5-1.0 mg daily.  2 other patients reported unintended pregnancies.  7 women with intermenstrual bleeding and with amenorrhea were using OCs containing less than 50 mcg estrogen.  Patients with amenorrhea were 30.4 years old on average compared to 26.0 for those with bleeding but the difference was not statistically significant.  They were also taking a higher daily dose of griseofulvin 880 mg compared to 550 mg.  14 of the 20 women had taken no other drugs 3 had used drugs not known to interfere with OCs and concomitant drug use for 3 was not known.  2 women each with intermenstrual bleeding and amenorrhea were reexposed to griseofulvin and the original reaction occurred.  1 of the women with unintended pregnancies had used a high dose OC for 15 months and had been taking griseofulvin 500 mg daily for 2 1/2 months and co-trimoxazole for 1 week during which she became pregnant.  The 2nd patient had taken griseofulvin and a combination of sulphonamides at the time of conception.  In the 22 patients the temporal relation between beginning griseofulvin and the occurrence of bleeding anomalies and the results of rechallenge with the drug in 4 patients are strong evidence of interaction between it and OCs.  Enzyme induction and consequent lowering of estrogen concentrations may explain the intermenstrual bleeding on the basis of a withdrawal effect but amenorrhea is not as easily explained.  The contributory role of griseofulvin in the 2 pregnancies is not established since both women were also taking sulphonamides.
Characterization of liver-associated natural killer cells in patients with liver tumors
Authors: Maria Winnock, Marie-Edith Lafon, Annick Boulard, Anne-Marie Ferrer, Jean Saric, Liliane Dubuisson, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Charles Balabaud
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The existence of a marginal lymphocyte population in rat liver sinusoids has already been demonstrated using the sinusoidal lavage method. We used the same technique to study the lymphocyte population in human liver obtained ex vivo after partial hepatectomy for benign or malignant tumors and compared it with peripheral and portal blood lymphocyte populations. Percentages of lymphocyte surface phenotypes were evaluated by flow cytometry. The lymphocyte population obtained from human liver is mainly made up of CD56+ (35%) cells. This percentage is three times greater than that found in peripheral and portal blood. Two-color flow cytometry analysis showed that within the CD56+ liver cell population, at least three distinct subsets could be found: (a) CD3+/CD56+/CD16-; (b) CD3-/CD56+/CD16-; and (c) CD3-/CD56+/CD16+. Although these subsets were also present in peripheral and portal blood, the percentage distribution was completely different because most CD56+ cells in peripheral and portal blood belonged to the CD3-/CD56+/CD16+ subset. These results show the existence of a heterogeneous natural killer cell population in human livers with tumors. The functional significance of this heterogeneity still needs to be explained.
Studies of the 'mucus-bicarbonate' barrier on rat fundic mucosa: the effects of luminal pH and a stable prostaglandin analogue.
Authors: I N Ross, L A Turnberg
Journal: Gut (1983)

Gastric mucosa may protect itself from acid peptic digestion by maintaining an alkaline barrier zone within the layer of mucus coating its surface. We have measured the pH gradient in the mucous layer in vivo, on the gastric mucosa of anaesthetised rats using antimony chloride micro pH electrodes. The maximum pH recordable adjacent to the epithelium was 7.43 +/- 0.56 (n = 8) when the luminal bathing solution pH was 2. Adjusting the luminal pH to 7.0 caused the maximal pH to rise to 7.88 (range 7.59 to 8.08), a value which is significantly higher than either luminal or reported intraepithelial pH and suggests that active secretion of alkali is involved. Pretreatment with 16-16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (20 micrograms subcutaneously) significantly increased the maximal intramucus pH to 7.89 +/- 0.45 (n = 8) when luminal pH was 2 and prevented the fall in intramucus pH induced by luminal aspirin (20 mM). It did not prevent falls in pH provoked by the mucolytic agent n-acetyl cysteine or by a high luminal activity (pH 1.4). These data indicate that an alkaline environment is maintained adjacent to gastric mucosa and that while this is enhanced by prostaglandin it may be compromised by high luminal acid concentrations or by removal of the support provided by mucus. These observations may be relevant to the mechanisms of gastric mucosal protection against acid peptic damage.