tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Hormones as Diagnostic Tools in Heart Failure
Authors: Heikki Ruskoaho
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2003)

In patients with heart failure, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and the N-terminal fragments of their prohormones (N-ANP and N-BNP) are elevated, because the cardiac hormonal system is activated by increased wall stretch due to increased volume and pressure overload. Patients suspected of having heart failure can be selected for further investigations on the basis of having an elevated plasma concentration of N-ANP, BNP, and N-BNP. High levels of cardiac hormones identify those at greatest risk for future serious cardiovascular events. Moreover, adjusting heart failure treatment to reduce plasma levels of N-BNP may improve outcome. Cardiac hormones are most useful clinically as a rule-out test. In acutely symptomatic patients, a very high negative predictive value is coupled with a relatively high positive predictive value. Measurement of cardiac hormones in patients with heart failure may reduce the need for hospitalizations and for more expensive investigations such as echocardiography. However, there have also been conflicting reports on the diagnostic value of cardiac hormones, they are not specific for any disease, and the magnitude of the effects of age and gender on BNP in the normal subgroup suggests that these parameters need to be considered when interpreting cardiac hormone levels.
A Phase II Study of Cetuximab and MFOLFOX6 in MCRC Including Prospective Early Tumor Shrinkage Analysis (JACCRO-CC05)
Authors: Akihito Tsuji, Masato Nakamura, Yu Sunakawa, Mitsugu Kochi, Tadamichi Denda, Tatsuro Yamaguchi, Ken Shimada, Satoshi Tani, Akinori Takagane, Masahito Kotaka, Izuma Nakayama, Yutaka Yonemura, Hidekazu Kuramochi, Junichi Koike, Masahiro Takeuchi, Wataru Ichikawa, Masashi Fujii, Toshifusa Nakajima
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Intergenerational reduction in<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>prevalence is similar between different ethnic groups living in a Western city
Authors: Wouter J den Hollander, I Lisanne Holster, Bianca van Gilst, Anneke J van Vuuren, Vincent W V Jaddoe, Albert Hofman, Guillermo I Perez-Perez, Ernst J Kuipers, Henriëtte A Moll, Martin J Blaser
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> colonisation rates in childhood have declined in Western populations, but it is unknown whether this trend is similar in children of non-Western ethnic backgrounds, born in a Western country. We aimed to identify <i>H. pylori</i> status in children, and determine mother-to-child transmission and risk factors for colonisation. <h3>Design</h3> Antibodies against <i>H. pylori</i> and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) were measured in children participating in a population-based prospective cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Information on demographics and characteristics was collected using questionnaires. <h3>Results</h3> We analysed the serum of 4467 children (mean age 6.2 years±0.4 SD) and compared the results with the <i>H. pylori</i> status of their mothers (available for 3185 children). Overall, 438 (10%) children were <i>H. pylori-</i>positive, of whom 142 (32%) were CagA-positive. Independent risk factors for colonisation were: maternal <i>H. pylori</i> positivity (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.62 to 2.77), non-Dutch ethnicity (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.54 to 2.73), female gender (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.80) and lower maternal education level (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.79). Comparing mothers and children, we found an intergenerational decrease of 76% and 77% for <i>Hp<sup>+</sup></i>CagA<sup>−</sup> and <i>Hp<sup>+</sup></i>CagA<sup>+</sup>-strains, respectively, consistent across all nine ethnic groups studied. Male gender, higher maternal educational level and no older siblings, were independently associated with absence of <i>H. pylori</i>. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although the highest <i>H. pylori</i> and CagA prevalence was found in children of non-Dutch ethnicities, the decreased colonisation rates were uniform across all ethnic groups, implying the importance of environmental factors in <i>H. pylori</i> transmission in modern cities, independent of ethnicity.
A Controlled Series of Cooke-Arneth Polynuclear Counts in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: H. J. Gibson, D. Shiers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1948)

From the Royal National Hospitalfor Rheumatic Diseases, Bath part convalescent orthopaedic cases in a general hospital.The aim was to assess whether a left %ift of the Arneth count occurred in cases of rheumatoid arthritis, and, if so, whether it could be taken as evidence that this disease was the result of an infective process.
EARLY IMPROVEMENT IN PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN TRANSCATHETER COMPARED TO SURGICAL AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Se-Jung Yoon, Omar Khalique, Susheel Kodali, Mathew Williams, Tamim Nazif, Isaac George, Hemal Gada, Torsten Vahl, Martin Leon, Rebecca Hahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Tanzania and diabetes—a model for developing countries?
Authors: Kaushik Ramaiya
Journal: BMJ (2005)

T anzania has a new network of diabetes clinics. About 100 000 people with diabetes in Tanzania now have access to affordable treatment and health education in these diabetes clinics, established by the Tanzania Diabetes Association, and run by district, regional and referral hospitals. Consultations are free of charge, while insulin and other medicines and laboratory tests are heavily subsidised or, for the poorest patients, free.

On the mainland, diabetes clinics have been established in each of the 19 regional hospitals, four referral hospitals, and three district hospitals. Additionally, in the city of Dar es Salaam, diabetes clinics have been established in each of the three district hospitals. Diabetes clinics have also been established in Zanzibar and in Pemba.

The Ministry of Health in Tanzania has given doctors and nurses to staff the diabetes clinics in hospitals nationwide, and partners are supporting the training and education for healthcare professionals. These include Novo …
HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN ARE ASSOCIATED WITH TISSUE COMPOSITION OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE. - IN VIVO TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION BY INTEGRATED BACKSCATTER-INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND
Authors: Naoki Nakayama, Kiyoshi Hibi, Masayoshi Kiyokuni, Naohiro Komura, Kazutoshi Minami, Katsutaka Hashiba, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Tatsuya Nakachi, Nobuhiko Maejima, Noriaki Iwahashi, Jun Okuda, Kengo Tsukahara, Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Shaving of Eyebrows
Authors: David C. Hemmy
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I agree with Baker that eyebrows will regrow following shaving in preparation for surgery. He indicated that the eyebrows should be retained, however, because this would allow concealment of sutures in the postoperative period. There is, perhaps, a much stronger reason for retaining the eyebrows during surgical procedures. Obliteration of the eyebrow before surgical reconstruction of a wound that passes through this region may not permit proper alignment of the eyebrow; consequently, a visible cosmetic deformity will be established. Let this, then, be the primary reason for retention of an eyebrow before surgery.
CYP4F2 genetic variant alters required warfarin dose
Authors: Michael D. Caldwell, Tarif Awad, Julie A. Johnson, Brian F. Gage, Mat Falkowski, Paul Gardina, Jason Hubbard, Yaron Turpaz, Taimour Y. Langaee, Charles Eby, Cristi R. King, Amy Brower, John R. Schmelzer, Ingrid Glurich, Humberto J. Vidaillet, Steven H. Yale, Kai Qi Zhang, Richard L. Berg, James K. Burmester
Journal: Blood (2008)
Association of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery With Door-to-Balloon Time and In-Hospital Outcomes: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR)
Authors: Michael S. Kim, Tracy Y. Wang, David Dai, Andrew J. Klein, Eric D. Peterson, John S. Rumsfeld, John C. Messenger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Abstract 4885: Changes in abundance of oral microbiota associated with oral cancer
Authors: Donna G. Albertson, Justin Kuczynski, Aditi Bhattacharya, Bing Huey, Patricia M. Corby, Erica L. S. Queiroz, Kira Nightingale, Alexander R. Kerr, Mark D. DeLacure, Ratna Veeramachaneni, Adam Olshen, Brian L. Schmidt
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Individual bacteria and shifts in the composition of the microbiome have been associated with human diseases including cancer. To investigate changes in the microbiome associated with oral cancers, we profiled cancers and anatomically matched contralateral normal tissue from the same patient by sequencing 16S rDNA hypervariable region amplicons. In cancer samples from both a discovery and a subsequent confirmation cohort, abundance of Firmicutes (especially Streptococcus) and Actinobacteria (especially Rothia) was significantly decreased relative to contralateral clinically normal samples from the same patient. Significant decreases in abundance of these phyla were observed for pre-cancers, but not when comparing samples from contralateral sites (tongue and floor of mouth) from healthy individuals. Patients with cancer or dysplasia, however, could be distinguished from healthy normal individuals by increased abundance of Prevotella. Weighted UniFrac principal coordinates analysis based on 12 taxa separated most cancers from other samples with greatest separation of node positive cases. Citation Format: Donna G. Albertson, Justin Kuczynski, Aditi Bhattacharya, Bing Huey, Patricia M. Corby, Erica L. S. Queiroz, Kira Nightingale, Alexander R. Kerr, Mark D. DeLacure, Ratna Veeramachaneni, Adam Olshen, Brian L. Schmidt. Changes in abundance of oral microbiota associated with oral cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4885. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4885
Mosaic Origin of the Heme Biosynthesis Pathway in Photosynthetic Eukaryotes
Authors: Miroslav Oborník, Beverley R. Green
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Heme biosynthesis represents one of the most essential metabolic pathways in living organisms, providing the precursors for cytochrome prosthetic groups, photosynthetic pigments, and vitamin B12. Using genomic data, we have compared the heme pathway in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae to those of green algae and higher plants, as well as to those of heterotrophic eukaryotes (fungi, apicomplexans, and animals). Phylogenetic analyses showed the mosaic character of this pathway in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Although most of the algal and plant enzymes showed the expected plastid (cyanobacterial) origin, at least one of them (porphobilinogen deaminase) appears to have a mitochondrial (α-proteobacterial) origin. Another enzyme, glutamyl-tRNA synthase, obviously originated in the eukaryotic nucleus. Because all the plastid-targeted sequences consistently form a well-supported cluster, this suggests that genes were either transferred from the primary endosymbiont (cyanobacteria) to the primary host nucleus shortly after the primary endosymbiotic event or replaced with genes from other sources at an equally early time, i.e., before the formation of three primary plastid lineages. The one striking exception to this pattern is ferrochelatase, the enzyme catalyzing the first committed step to heme and bilin pigments. In this case, two red algal sequences do not cluster either with the other plastid sequences or with cyanobacterial sequences and appear to have a proteobacterial origin like that of the apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium and Toxoplasma. Although the heterokonts also acquired their plastid via secondary endosymbiosis from a red alga, the diatom has a typical plastid-cyanobacterial ferrochelatase. We have not found any remnants of the plastidlike heme pathway in the nonphotosynthetic heterokonts Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora sojae.
Randomized Trial of Intake of Fat, Fiber, and Beta Carotene to Prevent Colorectal Adenomas
Authors: R. MacLennan, F. Macrae, C. Bain, D. Battistutta, P. Chapuis, H. Gratten, J. Lambert, R. C. Newland, M. Ngu, A. Russell, M. Ward, M. L. Wahlqvist
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Background : Epidemiologic evidence of associations between the high intake of fat and low intake of dietary fiber, beta carotene, and other dietary constituents and the risk of colorectal neoplasia has been inconsistent and has not provided a sufficient basis for recommendations concerning the dietary prevention of large-bowel cancer in humans. Purpose : We conducted a clinical trial to assess the effects on the incidence of adenomas of reducing dietary fat to 25% of total calories and supplementing the diet with 25 g of wheat bran daily and a capsule of beta carotene (20 mg daily). Methods : We performed a randomized, partially double-blinded, placebo-controlled factorial trial in which half the patients were assigned to each intervention, resulting in seven intervention groups and one control group. Eligibility criteria included histologic confirmation of at least one colorectal adenoma and confidence expressed by the colonoscopist that all polyps had been removed. Dietary changes were individually initiated and monitored by dietitians and research nurses. At surveillance colonoscopy, the size and location of all polyps were recorded, and their histology was later centrally reviewed. Among 424 patients who were randomly assigned in the trial, 13 were found to be ineligible upon histologic review. Among the remaining 411, complete outcome data were collected from 390 at 24 months and from 306 at 48 months. All P values are from two-sided tests of statistical significance. Results : There was no statistically significant prevention of total new adenomas with any of the interventions. We found a statistically nonsignificant reduced risk of large adenomas (≥10 mm) with the low-fat intervention: At 24 months, the odds ratio (OR) adjusted for potential confounders = 0.4 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1–1.1; at 48 months, OR = 0.3 and 95% CI = 0.1–1.0. Less and statistically nonsignificant reductions in the risk of large adenomas were found with wheat bran: At 24 months, OR = 0.8 and 95% CI = OJ-2.2; at 48 months, OR = 0.8 and 95% CI = 0.3–2.5. Patients on the combined intervention of low fat and added wheat bran had zero large adenomas at both 24 and 48 months, a statistically significant finding ( P =.03). Conclusions : Because only small numbers of patients were studied, our finding that the combination of fat reduction and a supplement of wheat bran reduced the incidence of large adenomas in this randomized, controlled trial must be treated with caution. The results do suggest, however, that these interventions may reduce the transition from smaller to larger adenomas, a step that may critically define those adenomas most likely to progress to malignancy.
THE CHIEF USE OF THE PERITONEUM: A SUGGESTION
Authors: J. Howell
Journal: BMJ (1912)

group of animals to which man belongs-the higher primates-the facts, so far as we know them, render the existence of man in the Eocene and Oligocene periods impossible, improbable in the Miocene period, but quite possible in the Pliocene.If, finally, we take into con- sideration all the evidence relating to fossil forms of man, we must confess that the antiquity of the modern form of man is still an open problem.I, for one, am convinced that we have followed him almost unchanged to at least the middle of the Pleistocene, when we find him accomnpanied by another form of man almost as distinct from
Screening Tests for Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Richard Saitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters4 May 1999Screening Tests for Alcohol Use DisordersRichard Saitz, MD, MPHRichard Saitz, MD, MPHBoston University School of Medicine; Boston, MA 02118-2393 (Saitz)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-9-199905040-00007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Steinbauer and colleagues (1) recommend the AUDIT for use in primary care. Although some researchers have reported similarly poor sensitivity of the CAGE questionnaire in women and elderly persons, others have reported excellent sensitivity in diverse populations (2-4); conflicting results are probably due in part to differences in reference standards and to scores considered to be positive test results. Therefore, Steinbauer and colleagues' accuracy findings may be a function of their methods and may not be generalizable.Steinbauer and coworkers asked questions about consumption before the CAGE questionnaire was administered (a feature noted as a limitation of ...References1. Steinbauer JR, Cantor SB, Holzer CE, Volk RJ. Ethnic and sex bias in primary care screening tests for alcohol use disorders. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:353-62. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Buchsbaum DG, Buchanan RG, Centor RM, Schnoll SH, Lawton MJ. Screening for alcohol abuse using CAGE scores and likelihood ratios. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:774-7. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Saitz R, Lepore MF, Sullivan LM, Amaro H, Samet JH. Alcohol abuse and dependence in Latinos living in the USA: validation of the CAGE (4M) questions. Arch Intern Med. [In press]. Google Scholar4. Reid MC, Anderson PA. Geriatric substance abuse disorders. Med Clin North Am. 1997;81:999-1016. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Bush K, Kivlahan DR, McDonnell MB, Fihn SD, Bradley KA. The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C). An effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:1789-95. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, MA 02118-2393 (Saitz) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEthnic and Sex Bias in Primary Care Screening Tests for Alcohol Use Disorders Jeffrey R. Steinbauer , Scott B. Cantor , Charles E. Holzer III , and Robert J. Volk Screening Tests for Alcohol Use Disorders Robert J. Volk , Scott B. Cantor , and Jeffrey R. Steinbauer Screening Tests for Alcohol Use Disorders Warren G. Thompson Metrics Cited ByImproving Substance Abuse Screening and Intervention in a Primary Care ClinicScreening and Brief Interventions for Alcohol Use Disorders in Managed Care Settings 4 May 1999Volume 130, Issue 9Page: 779KeywordsAlcoholismAlcoholsElderlyPopulation statisticsPrimary care physiciansQuestionnaires Issue Published: 4 May 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Serum lipoprotein profile in children from a biracial community: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Authors: S R Srinivasan, R R Frerichs, L S Webber, G S Berenson
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Serum lipoprotein profiles in 3182 children, ages 5-14 years, were studied in a biracial community as part of the Bogalusa Heart Study to describe the early natural history of atherosclerosis. White and black children showed similar mean levels of beta-lipoproteins. Pre-beta-lipoprotein levels, however, were significantly higher in white shildren, while significantly higher levels of alpha-lipoprotein were found in black children. Girls had generally higher levels of beta- and pre-beta-lipoprotein and lower levels of alpha-lipoprotein than boys, although the differences were not significant at each age group. With age there was little change in alpha-lipoprotein levels, a significant increase in pre-beta-lipoprotein levels and a slight but significant decrease between 11 and 14 years in beta-lipoprotein levels. The correlation of alpha-lipoprotein was negative with beta-lipoprotein and, to a greater extent, with pre-beta-lipoprotein. The above inverse relationships were significantly greater in white children than in black children, suggesting differences in lipoprotein profiles in the two groups. Lipoprotein values from a total community study are now available for comparison with the currently recommended upper normal limits for lipoproteins. Since only a very small percentage of children could be considered as hyperlipoproteinemic by those specific levels in this community, we suggest that distributions and percentiles be used to evaluate children for hyperlipoproteinemia.
Effect of human recombinant interleukin-Iα on release of prostacyclin from human endothelial cells
Authors: M.H.A. RUSTIN, HELEN A. BULL, PAULINE M. DOWD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Incubation of human recombinant IL-1α (hrIL-1α) with cultured human endothelial cells induced a dose-and time-dependent increase in the release of prostacyclin (PGI2). Above a dose of hrIL-1α 0.05 units/ml and following a variable lag phase of between 2 and 4 h, PGI2 release (measured as the stable hydrolysis product 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α) was detected in the culture supernatant and levels continued to rise throughout a 48-h incubation. The release of PGI2 required the continued presence of hrIL-1α, did not demonstrate tachyphylaxis and was not reduced by pre-incubation with the protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide, tunicamycin and actinomycin or by the calmodulin antagonist trifluoroperazine. The relationship of these results to ultraviolet radiation induced erythema is discussed.
Adenosine triphosphate mediates intercellular communication in liver: Talk ain't exactly cheap
Authors: S Lidofsky
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Intercellular communication among certain cell types can occur via ATP secretion, which leads to stimulation of nucleotide receptors on target cells. In epithelial cells, however, intercellular communication is thought to occur instead via gap junctions. Here we examined whether one epithelial cell type, hepatocytes, can also communicate via nucleotide secretion. The effects on cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) of mechanical stimulation, including microinjection, were examined in isolated rat hepatocytes and in isolated bile duct units using confocal fluorescence video microscopy. Mechanical stimulation of a single hepatocyte evoked an increase in [Ca2+]i in the stimulated cell plus an unexpected [Ca2+]i rise in neighboring noncontacting hepatocytes. Perifusion with ATP before mechanical stimulation suppressed the [Ca2+]i increase, but pretreatment with phenylephrine did not. The P2 receptor antagonist suramin inhibited these intercellular [Ca2+]i signals. The ATP/ADPase apyrase reversibly inhibited the [Ca2+]i rise induced by mechanical stimulation, and did not block vasopressin– induced [Ca2+]i signals. Mechanical stimulation of hepatocytes also induced a [Ca2+]i increase in cocultured isolated bile duct units, and this [Ca2+]i increase was inhibited by apyrase as well. Finally, this form of [Ca2+]i signaling could be elicited in the presence of propidium iodide without nuclear labeling by that dye, indicating that this phenomenon does not depend on disruption of the stimulated cell. Thus, mechanical stimulation of isolated hepatocytes, including by microinjection, can evoke [Ca2+]i signals in the stimulated cell as well as in the neighboring noncontacting hepatocytes and bile duct epithelia. This signaling is mediated by release of ATP or other nucleotides into the extracellular space. This is an important technical consideration given the widespread use of microinjection techniques for examining mechanisms of signal transduction. Moreover, the evidence provided suggests a novel paracrine signaling pathway for epithelia, which previously were thought to communicate exclusively via gap junctions.