tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized Trial of Atorvastatin for Reduction of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Giuseppe Patti, Massimo Chello, Dario Candura, Vincenzo Pasceri, Andrea D’Ambrosio, Elvio Covino, Germano Di Sciascio
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac surgery is associated with increased risk of complications, length of stay, and cost of care. Observational evidence suggests that patients who have undergone previous statin therapy have a lower incidence of postoperative AF. We tested this observation in a randomized, controlled trial. Methods and Results— Two hundred patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, without previous statin treatment or history of AF, were enrolled. Patients were randomized to atorvastatin (40 mg/d, n=101) or placebo (n=99) starting 7 days before operation. The primary end point was incidence of postoperative AF; secondary end points were length of stay, 30-day major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, and postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) variations. Atorvastatin significantly reduced the incidence of AF versus placebo (35% versus 57%, P =0.003). Accordingly, length of stay was longer in the placebo versus atorvastatin arm (6.9±1.4 versus 6.3±1.2 days, P =0.001). Peak CRP levels were lower in patients without AF ( P =0.01), irrespective of randomization assignment. Multivariable analysis showed that atorvastatin treatment conferred a 61% reduction in risk of AF (odds ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.18 to 0.85, P =0.017), whereas high postoperative CRP levels were associated with increased risk (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 7.0, P =0.01). The incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 30 days was similar in the 2 arms. Conclusions— Treatment with atorvastatin 40 mg/d, initiated 7 days before surgery, significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative AF after elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and shortens hospital stay. These results may influence practice patterns with regard to adjuvant pharmacological therapy before cardiac surgery.
AN EVALUATION OF POSTELECTROSHOCK CONFUSION WITH THE REITER APPARATUS
Authors: JOHN SUMMERSKILL, WILLIAM SEEMAN, DONALD W. MEALS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

A single electroconvulsive treatment with the Reiter Electrostimulator was found to have no significant effect on the Wechsler- Bellevue IQs of patients examined following this treatment. Treatment did result in poor orientation with respect to time and impaired motor performance on the Whipple-Healy Tapping Test.
Royal free Hospital. ULCER OF THE STOMACH TREATED SUCCESSFULLY: RELAPSE
Authors: W. Brinton
Journal: BMJ (1855)

CASES of secondary hemorrhage after amputation give much anxiety to surgeons, and decisive measures are generally necessary to stop the bleeding.I mean, of course, to allude to hemorrhage following the separation of the ligatures, at the interval of a week, ten days, or a fortnight after the operation, when the stump is more or less healed, and not to the heemorrhage dependent upon insecure ligatures occurring within thirty-six hours of the operation.I do not believe, as has been asserted, that secondary he- morthage is more common after flap amputations than after operations by the circular incision.The mode of arresting the bleeding is determined partly by the degree to which union of the flaps has advanced, and partly by the place at which the amputation has been performed.This latter point has not been sufficiently insisted upon by surgical authors.The following three cases, which were under treatment some time ago at the Bristol Royal Infirmary, will illus- trate my meaning.The first in order of time was under my own care.J. C., aged 20 years, received a gun-shot wound of the right forearm, shattering the bones and nearly separating the limb.He was brought nine or ten miles from the country without a tourniquet, and had bled profusely.I amputated the forearm (by double flap) just below the elbow.Upon the thirteenth day, the stump was almost healed, and all the ligatures but one had come away.There were one or two apertures upon the face of the stump not perfectly filled up.At 11 o'clock in the night of this day, there was sudden and profuse hemorrhage, and arterial blood rushed out of all the openings.Considering that the stump was nearly healed, and that
SNAP-25 Modulation of Calcium Dynamics Underlies Differences in GABAergic and Glutamatergic Responsiveness to Depolarization
Authors: Claudia Verderio, Davide Pozzi, Elena Pravettoni, Francesca Inverardi, Ursula Schenk, Silvia Coco, Véronique Proux-Gillardeaux, Thierry Galli, Ornella Rossetto, Carolina Frassoni, Michela Matteoli
Journal: Neuron (2004)
509 Sustained virological response after prolonged treatment with peginterferon alfa-2A (40KD) (PEGASYS®) and ribavirin (COPEGUS®) in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C and detectable HCV RNA after week 4 of therapy: teravic-4 study
Authors: J.M. Sanchez-Tapias, M. Diago, P. Escartin, J. Enriquez, R. Moreno, M. Romero-Gomez, R. Barcena, J. Crespo, R. Andrade
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Post-laryngectomy Localization of 1-131 at Tracheostomy Site on a Total Body Scan
Authors: GERALD A. KIRK, ELOY E. SCHULZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A post-thyroidectomy, post-I-131-therapy patient had a laryngectomy and neck dissection for recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma. A subsequent I-131 total body scan revealed persistent anterior neck activity, which disappeared upon removal of the tracheostomy tube and dressings.
Abstract 4601: XBP1 regulated function of c-MYC and BCL2 in antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Lauren M. McDaniel, Ayesha N. Shajahan, Robert Clarke
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in the United States. In fact, one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some point in their lifetime. Approximately, 70% of newly diagnosed cases of invasive breast cancer are estrogen receptor-α positive (ER+) and in these patients, the disease is often managed by antiestrogen therapy. A barrier in successfully treating some of these patients is their tumors’ ability to develop resistance to the antiestrogens. Previously, we have shown that one mechanism though which breast cancer cells become resistant to antiestrogens is by up-regulating the X-Binding protein 1 (XBP1). Specifically, the presence of the spliced form of XBP1, XBP1(S), confers resistance to breast cancer cells by inhibiting apoptosis. Overexpression of XBP1(S) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells also up-regulates the expression of c-MYC, a transcription factor that is involved in cell proliferation and cell survival, and BCL2, an anti-apoptotic molecule. c-MYC can confer partial resistance to the antiestrogen ICI 182, 780, and can cooperate with and/or be regulated by BCL2. We are investigating the role of XBP1 in regulating c-MYC and BCL2 in antiestrogen resistance. We hypothesize that co-inhibition of c-MYC and BCL2 will restore antiestrogen sensitivity to resistant breast cancer cells. We are using two MCF-7 variants: LCC9 cells that are an estrogen/antiestrogen resistant (ICI 182, 780 resistant and tamoxifen cross-resistant) and LCC1 cells that are estrogen/antiestrogen sensitive. Using small molecule inhibitors or lentiviral short hairpin RNA particles or we are specifically inhibiting our target molecules (c-MYC and BCL2) and testing the effects on antiestrogen responsiveness. Our preliminary data indicate that under basal condition, the antiestrogen resistant LCC9 cells are more sensitive to 10058-F4 (c-MYC inhibitor) and ABT-737 (BCL2 inhibitor) compared to LCC1 cells. Thus, in LCC9 cells, c-MYC and BCL2 clearly play important roles in cell survival. Our results will elucidate how XBP1 signals through c-MYC and BCL2 to confer endocrine resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4601.
Therapy With Progestational Agents in Advanced Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Authors: Jack Geller
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Eleven patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and urinary retention requiring catheter drainage in all cases except one, were treated with either hydroxyprogesterone caproate (eight patients) or chlormadinone acetate (three patients) for 3 to 16 months continuously. Six patients voided spontaneously with less than 50 ml residual urine within three months; in two others, similar results occurred after five months of treatment. Three patients were unresponsive to therapy. Among a control group of ten patients with BPH and retention requiring catheter drainage, only two voided spontaneously with less than 50 ml residual urine after two months, a statistically significant difference from the treated group. Of eight patients responding favorably to treatment, residual urine, symptoms of prostatism, and renal function remained stable for an average follow-up of 13 months following discontinuation of therapy.
Friday the 13th: Doubly unlucky
Authors: C D O'Brien, T A Chowdhury
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - There is some bad news to add to T J Scanlon and colleagues' finding that the risk of a transport accident may be increased by as much as 52% on Friday the 13th (compared with Friday the 6th).1 Actuarial investigation has shown that the 13th of a month is more likely to be a Friday than any other day.2 …
Radiotherapeutic Options for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis
Authors: Dong Soo Lee, Jinsil Seong
Journal: Liver Cancer (2014)

Portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is a common paraneoplastic condition in advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatobiliary tract malignancies. Tumors with PVTT are frequently associated with adverse and aggressive features such as intrahepatic tumor dissemination, early treatment failure, or deterioration of hepatic function. Therefore, the treatment outcomes for PVTT in historical series are often dismal and discouraging. More recently, beneficial effects and excellent outcomes of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for treating this disease have been reported, and the use of EBRT is becoming more common because of the non-invasive nature of RT and rapid advances in RT technology. We hope to be able to cure this devastating condition in the near future with more advanced and efficacious disease management strategies. The current status and clinical trial results for EBRT as a promising treatment option for managing PVTT will be discussed here.
Frequency and Spectrum of Microorganisms Isolated from Biopsy Specimens in Chronic Colitis
Authors: E. Höring, D. Göpfert, G. Schröter, U. von Gaisberg
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

In 109 patients with chronic diarrhea colonic biopsies were examined for the presence of specific microorganisms. A positive result was obtained in 48% of patients with ulcerative colitis, 50% with Crohn's disease, 21% with non-specific colitis and 36% with non-specific proctitis. Chlamydiae were found most frequently in all groups. Obligate enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated in only three cases of nonspecific colitis. Of the facultatively enteropathogenic organisms Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated in 31% and 24%, respectively, of patients with ulcerative colitis, in 21% and 7% of patients with Crohn's disease, and in 10% and 6% of patients with non-specific colitis. Whereas chlamydial proctitis is a well-known disease, the results of this study point also to a possible pathogenic role of chlamydiae in the proximal colon. Facultatively enteropathogenic organisms causing acute diarrhea might have aetiologic relevance in some cases of chronic non-specific colitis.
Nonuniformity of pericardial surface pressure in dogs.
Authors: O A Smiseth, N W Scott-Douglas, C R Thompson, E R Smith, J V Tyberg
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Previously, we have shown that pericardial constraint cannot be measured by true (hydrostatic) pressure except when an excess of pericardial fluid is present and that a device such as a balloon (which reflects radial contact stress as well as hydrostatic pressure) must be used. Since radial contact stress is the major component of the constraint exerted by the pericardium when little pericardial liquid is present, it follows that the pressure measured by the balloon might be different over different parts of the heart. In an attempt to test this hypothesis, in 11 anesthetized dogs we placed pericardial balloons over the right and left ventricular free walls, instrumented the animals to measure ventricular dimensions (sonomicrometry) and pressure, mounted pneumatic constrictors on the aortic and pulmonary artery, reapproximated the pericardium, and closed the chest under suction. We studied the transient effects of constrictions of the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery and of angiotensin infusion before and after intravenous saline infusion. Aortic constriction and, to a lesser degree, angiotensin increased pericardial pressure over the left ventricle more than over the right ventricle. Pulmonary artery occlusion increased pericardial pressure over the right ventricle but significantly decreased pericardial pressure over the left ventricle. We conclude that there are significant local differences in pericardial pressure (recorded by balloon) over the lateral ventricular surfaces during acute changes in afterload. These observations may be explained in part by decreased venous return to the contralateral ventricle, the tendency of the heart to resist lateral displacement, and the limited mobility of the pericardium.
Modification of Postprandial Hyperglycemia With Insulin Lispro Improves Glucose Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mary N Feinglos, Connie H Thacker, Jennifer English, M Angelyn Bethel, James D Lane
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting analog of human insulin that can be used to target the postprandial rise in plasma glucose. We designed an open-label randomized crossover study of type 2 diabetic patients with secondary failure of sulfonylurea therapy to determine whether improvement of postprandial hyperglycemia would affect total daily glucose control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-five type 2 diabetic patients who were poorly controlled on a maximum dose of sulfonylureas were studied in a university hospital clinical research center. In one arm of the study, patients continued therapy with maximum-dose sulfonylureas. In the other arm, patients used a combination therapy with insulin lispro before meals and sulfonylureas. After 4 months, patients were crossed over to the opposite arm. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 1- and 2-h postprandial glucose (after a standardized meal), HbA1c, total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured at the end of each arm of the study. RESULTS Insulin lispro in combination with sulfonylurea therapy significantly reduced 2-h postprandial glucose concentrations compared with sulfonylureas alone, from 18.6 to 14.2 mmol/l (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and incremental postprandial glucose area from 617.8 to 472.9 mmol · min · 1−1 (P &amp;lt; 0.0007). FPG levels were decreased from 10.9 to 8.5 mmol/l (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and HbA1c values were reduced form 9.0 to 7.1% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Total cholesterol was significantly decreased in the lispro arm from 5.44 to 5.10 mmol/l (P &amp;lt; 0.02). HDL cholesterol concentrations were increased in the lispro arm from 0.88 to 0.96 mmol/l (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The patients weighed significantly more after lispro therapy than after sulfonylureas alone, but the difference was small in absolute terms (sulfonylurea therapy alone, 90.6 kg; lispro therapy, 93.8 kg; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Two episodes of hypoglycemia (glucose concentrations, &amp;lt; 2.8 mmol/l) were reported by the patients while using lispro. CONCLUSIONS Previously, it has not been possible to address the effect of treatment of postprandial hyperglycemia specifically. We have now shown that the treatment of postprandial hyperglycemia with insulin lispro markedly improves overall glucose control and some lipid parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Postmastectomy Radiotherapy: Will the Selective Use of Postmastectomy Radiotherapy Study End the Debate?
Authors: Nicola S. Russell, Ian H. Kunkler, Geertjan van Tienhoven, Peter A. Canney, Jeremy Thomas, John Bartlett, Marc J. van de Vijver, Yazid Belkacemi, John R. Yarnold, Peter J. Barrett-Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)
Case management in psychiatry: an analysis of tasks
Authors: W H Sledge, B Astrachan, K Thompson, J Rakfeldt, P Leaf
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors analyze the concept of case management from the perspective of the task areas of psychiatry and demonstrate the importance of case management in the organization of psychiatric services.The relevant literature was reviewed, and a functional analysis of current practices is provided.Case management is an ambiguous concept without a clear base in a professional discipline, and thus there is ongoing uncertainty about its mission, practice, and training, as well as authority and accountability issues. The activities of the case manager in both the private and the public sectors entail work in the task areas of medical care, rehabilitation, social control, growth and development, and social welfare. In all of these areas, the case manager may function in boundary management and in system enhancement and development as well as provide clinical services.Case management has considerable potential as a means of organizing and delivering mental health services in a cost-effective manner as long as its purpose, practice, and organizational structures are consistent. Psychiatrists should be involved in the organization of case management services.
Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase provides neuroprotection in cerebral focal ischemia
Authors: F.C. Barone, E.A. Irving, A.M. Ray, J.C. Lee, S. Kassis, S. Kumar, A.M. Badger, J.J. Legos, J.A. Erhardt, E.H. Ohlstein, A.J. Hunter, D.C. Harrison, K. Philpott, B.R. Smith, J.L. Adams, A.A. Parsons
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2001)

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in many cellular processes. The stress-activated MAPK, p38, has been linked to inflammatory cytokine production and cell death following cellular stress. Here, we demonstrate focal ischemic stroke-induced p38 enzyme activation (i.e., phosphorylation) in the brain. The second generation p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 239063 was identified to exhibit increased kinase selectivity and improved cellular and in vivo activity profiles, and thus was selected for evaluation in two rat models of permanent focal ischemic stroke. SB 239063 was administered orally pre- and post-stroke and intravenously post-stroke. Plasma concentration levels were achieved in excess of those that effectively inhibit p38 activity. In both moderate and severe stroke, SB 239063 reduced infarct size by 28–41%, and neurological deficits by 25–35%. In addition, neuroprotective plasma concentrations of SB 239063 that reduced p38 activity following stroke also reduced the stroke-induced expression of IL-1β and TNFα (i.e., cytokines known to contribute to stroke-induced brain injury). SB 239063 also provided direct protection of cultured brain tissue to in vitro ischemia. This robust SB 239063-induced neuroprotection emphasizes a significant opportunity for targeting MAPK pathways in ischemic stroke injury, and also suggests that p38 inhibition be evaluated for protective effects in other experimental models of nervous system injury and neurodegeneration. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 21, No. 2, 129–145, 2001
Abstract B86: Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab, a novel bispecific human IgG1 antibody blocking VEGF-A and Ang-2 functions simultaneously, mediates potent antitumor, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic efficiency
Authors: Erica Lorenzon, Yvonne Kienast, Romi Raemsch, Werner Scheuer, Frank Herting, Dirk Bernicke, Wolfgang Schaefer, Joerg Regula, Kay Stubenrauch, Sidney Yu, Huynh Hung The, Laurent Martarello, Christian Klein, Markus Thomas
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: VEGF-A blockade has been validated clinically as a treatment for human cancers. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) expression has been shown to function as a key regulator of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Experimental Design: We have recently described a novel generic method for the production of bivalent bispecific human IgG1 antibodies. Subsequently, we have applied the CrossMab technology for the generation of a bispecific antibody recognizing VEGF-A with one arm based on Bevacizumab, and the other arm recognizing Ang-2 based on LC06, a highly Ang-2 selective human IgG1 antibody. Ang-2-VEGF CrossMab was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using molecular, biochemical, cellular and histological analyses to determine its pharmacologic properties, along with its mechanism of action. Results: Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab showed potent tumor growth inhibition in a panel of orthotopic and subcutaneous syngeneic mouse tumors and patient and cell line-derived human tumor xenografts at both early and late stages of tumor development. Furthermore, a strong inhibition of angiogenesis and an enhanced vessel normalization phenotype were observed. In contrast to Ang-1 inhibition, anti-Ang-2-VEGF-A treatment did not aggravate the adverse effect of anti-VEGF treatment on physiological vessels. Moreover, treatment with Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab resulted in inhibition of hematogenous spread of tumor cells to other organs and reduced micrometastatic growth in the adjuvant setting. Conclusion: Our data indicate that Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab mediates potent anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic efficacy and represents a promising therapeutic agent for the therapy of cancer. Citation Format: Erica Lorenzon, Yvonne Kienast, Romi Raemsch, Werner Scheuer, Frank Herting, Dirk Bernicke, Wolfgang Schaefer, Joerg Regula, Kay Stubenrauch, Sidney Yu, Huynh Hung The, Laurent Martarello, Christian Klein, Markus Thomas. Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab, a novel bispecific human IgG1 antibody blocking VEGF-A and Ang-2 functions simultaneously, mediates potent antitumor, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic efficiency. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B86.
PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK INDEPENDENT OF CLOPIDOGREL USE IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A NATIONWIDE PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHED STUDY
Authors: Mette G. Charlot, Ole Ahlehoff, Casper H. Jorgensen, Steen Z. Abildstrom, Lars Køber, Peter R. Hansen, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Gunnar Gislason
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Effects of Exercise Training Intensity on Pancreatic β-Cell Function
Authors: Gerald S. Zavorsky
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

I read with interest the recent article by Slentz et al. (1). They demonstrated that in middle-aged overweight/obese individuals who were moderately dylipidemic, a moderate-intensity exercise program (40–55% of aerobic capacity or V O2peak) of 8 months long (1,220 kcal/week) improved β-cell function (defined by an increase in the disposition index) three times more than with 1,230–2,020 kcal/week of vigorous intensity exercise (65–80% of V O2peak) (1). The authors concluded that moderate-intensity exercise improves β-cell function to a better extent compared with vigorous-intensity exercise.

Their article overlooks the importance of vigorous exercise in clinical studies. First, their …