tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
No Relationship Between Carbohydrate Intake and Effect of Acarbose on HbA1c or Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Consuming 30–60% of Energy From Carbohydrate
Authors: Thomas M S Wolever, Jean-Louis Chiasson, Robert G Josse, John A Hunt, Carol Palmason, N Wilson Rodger, Stuart A Ross, Edmond A Ryan, Meng H Tan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between carbohydrate intake and the effect of acarbose on HbA1c in subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with acarbose alone, acarbose plus sulfonylurea, acarbose plus metformin, or acarbose plus insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study in which subjects with diabetes in four treatment strata (77 on diet alone, 83 treated with metformin, 103 treated with sulfonylurea, and 91 treated with insulin) were randomized to treatment with placebo or acarbose for 12 months. Before randomization, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after randomization, fasting blood was obtained for HbA1c, and 3-day diet records were collected. Subjects who completed at least 6 months of acarbose therapy and provided at least three 3-day diet records were included. RESULTS In the 114 subjects included in this analysis, carbohydrate intake varied from ∼30–60% of energy. There was no significant relationship between carbohydrate intake and change in HbAlc in any of the four treatment strata (diet: n = 26, r = 0.35, P = 0.076; metformin: n = 27, r = 0.26, P = 0.19; sulfonylurea: n = 35, r = 0.24, P = 0.16; insulin: n = 25, r = −0.27, P = 0.19). In the 80 subjects consuming &amp;lt;50% of energy from carbohydrate, the fall in HbAlc (7.83 ± 0.17% at baseline to 6.72 ± 0.13% on acarbose, P &amp;lt; 0.001) was no different from that of the 34 subjects consuming &amp;gt;50% of energy from carbohydrate (7.55 ± 0.25% at baseline to 6.66 ± 0.23% on acarbose, P &amp;lt; 0.001). There was no difference in carbohydrate intake between those who dropped out of the study because of gastrointestinal side effects and those who did not, and there was no relationship between severity of symptoms and the composition of the diet. CONCLUSIONS In subjects with type 2 diabetes consuming 30–60% of energy from carbohydrate, the effect of acarbose on HbAlc and gastrointestinal symptoms was not related to carbohydrate intake. Because most people consume at least 30% of energy from carbohydrate, we conclude that no special diet is needed for acarbose to be effective in improving blood glucose control in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Reporting Noninferiority Trials—Reply
Authors: Stuart J. Pocock, Gilda Piaggio, Douglas G. Altman, for the CONSORT Group
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thyroid autoimmunity in chronic urticaria
Authors: B.F. O'Donnell, D.M. Francis, G.T. Swana, P.T. Seed, A. Kobza Black, M.W. Greaves
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Chronic urticaria (CU) is an autoimmune process in some patients. An association between CU and autoimmune thyroid disease has also previously been proposed. Our group has identified functionally significant histamine‐releasing autoantibodies in one subset of CU patients (subset 1), predicted by positive autologous intradermal serum tests and positive histamine release from donor basophil leucocytes in vitro. Sera from a second subset of patients (subset 2), all of whom had positive autologous intradermal serum tests, failed to release histamine from donor basophils. A final disease subset (subset 3) has no identifiable skin reactivity (negative autologous serum skin test) or in vitro histamine releasing activity. Objectives In order to examine further the possible relationships between thyroid autoimmunity, thyroid dysfunction and CU, we have examined thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (an indirect measure of thyroid dysfunction) in the three CU subsets. Patients/methods We studied 182 patients (69% female), of whom 90 had a positive autologous intradermal serum test. Results Eighteen skin test‐positive and four skin test‐negative patients had thyroid microsomal antibodies (TMA). TSH outside the normal range was found in 13 skin test‐positive and one skin test‐negative patient. These findings represent clustering of TMA positivity [risk ratio (RR) 4·06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·56–10·6] and of abnormal thyroid function (RR 15·5, CI 2·07–11·6) among the skin test‐positive patients. However, in the overall study group an elevated TSH was present in seven patients (3·8%, CI 1·6–7·8) comparable to the 5% expected prevalence in the community. Thyroglobulin antibodies (TGA) were present in two of 182 patients. Conclusions There were significant differences between skin test‐positive and skin test‐negative patients with regard to autoimmune thyroid disease. Evidence for autoimmune thyroid disease and abnormal thyroid function was largely found among the skin test‐positive patients, supporting the theory of an autoimmune aetiology in this group.
[500] EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO DIFFERENT DOSES OF INTERFERON ALPHA MONOTHERAPY AND COMBINATION OF LAMIVUDINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF NAIVE CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION
Authors: E. Kocabas, D. Alabaz, U. Celik, E. Alhan, N. Aksaray, I. Unal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Chemokines: Roles in leukocyte development, trafficking, and effector function
Authors: Santa Jeremy Ono, Takao Nakamura, Dai Miyazaki, Masaharu Ohbayashi, Maria Dawson, Masako Toda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)

Chemokines, representing a large superfamily of 8- to 15-kd proteins, were originally discovered through their ability to recruit various cell types into sites of inflammation. It is now clear that these molecules play a much wider role in immune homeostasis, playing key roles in driving the maturation, homing, and activation of leukocytes. In this review we analyze the roles chemokines play in the development, recruitment, and activation of leukocytes. Because signaling from the receptors drives these processes, signal transduction from chemokine receptors will also be reviewed. Taken together, we highlight the various points at which chemokines contribute to allergic inflammation and at which their targeting might contribute to new therapies for type I hypersensitivity reactions. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111:1185-99.)
Smoking and Lung Function in Elderly Men and Women
Authors: Millicent W. Higgins, Paul L. Enright, Richard A. Kronmal, Marc B Schenker, Hoda Anton-Culver, Mary Lyles
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To investigate relationships between cigarette smoking and pulmonary function in elderly men and women. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a prospective, population-based study of risk factors, preclinical, and overt cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Defined communities in Forsyth County, North Carolina; Pittsburgh, Pa; Sacramento County, California; and Washington County, Maryland. <h3>Population.</h3> —A total of 5201 noninstitutionalized men and women 65 years of age and older. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Pulmonary function; means of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) and forced vital capacity and prevalence of low FEV<sub>1</sub>levels. <h3>Results.</h3> —Prevalence of cigarette smoking was 10% to 20% and higher in women than men and in blacks than whites. Forced vital capacity and FEV<sub>1</sub>levels were related positively to height and white race and negatively to age and waist girth. Age- and height-adjusted FEV<sub>1</sub>means were 23% and 18% lower in male and female current smokers, respectively, than in never smokers but not reduced in never smokers currently living with a smoker. Smokers who quit before age 40 years had FEV<sub>1</sub>levels similar to never smokers, but FEV<sub>1</sub>levels were lower by 7% and 14% in smokers who quit at ages 40 to 60 years and older than 60 years, respectively. Lung function was related inversely to pack-years of cigarette use. Prevalence rates of impaired lung function were highest in current smokers and lowest in never smokers. Regression coefficients for the smoking variables were smaller in persons without cardiovascular or respiratory conditions than in the total cohort. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced pulmonary function in elderly men and women. However, smokers who quit, even after age 60 years, have better pulmonary function than continuing smokers. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:2741-2748)
Yin Yang 1 Deficiency in Skeletal Muscle Protects against Rapamycin-Induced Diabetic-like Symptoms through Activation of Insulin/IGF Signaling
Authors: Sharon M. Blättler, John T. Cunningham, Francisco Verdeguer, Helen Chim, Wilhelm Haas, Huifei Liu, Klaas Romanino, Markus A. Rüegg, Steven P. Gygi, Yang Shi, Pere Puigserver
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Distinct Clinical Course of EGFR -Mutant Resected Lung Cancers: Results of Testing of 1118 Surgical Specimens and Effects of Adjuvant Gefitinib and Erlotinib
Authors: Sandra P. D’Angelo, Yelena Y. Janjigian, Nicholas Ahye, Gregory J. Riely, Jamie E. Chaft, Camelia S. Sima, Ronglai Shen, Junting Zheng, Joseph Dycoco, Mark G. Kris, Maureen F. Zakowski, Marc Ladanyi, Valerie Rusch, Christopher G. Azzoli
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
A Comparison of the Monetized Impact of IQ Decrements from Mercury Emissions
Authors: Charles Griffiths, Al McGartland, Maggie Miller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

ObjectiveThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports that the upper bound of benefits from removing mercury emissions by U.S. power plants after implementing its Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) is $210 million per year. In contrast, Trasande et al. [Environ Health Perspect 113:590–596 (2005)] estimated that American power plants impose an economic cost of $1.3 billion due to mercury emissions. It is impossible to directly compare these two estimates for a number of reasons, but we are able to compare the assumptions used and how they affect the results.Data Sources and Data ExtractionWe use Trasande's linear model with a cord/maternal blood ratio of 1.7 and calculate health effects to children whose mothers had blood mercury levels ≥ 4.84 μg/L.Data SynthesisWe introduce the assumptions that the U.S. EPA used in its Clean Air Mercury Rule (CAMR) analysis and discuss the implications. Using this approach, it is possible to illustrate why the U.S. EPA assumptions produce a lower estimate.ConclusionsThe introduction of all the U.S. EPA assumptions, except for those related to discounting, decreases the estimated monetized impact of global anthropogenic mercury emissions in the Trasande model by 81%. These assumptions also decrease the estimated impact of U.S. sources (including power plants) by almost 97%. When discounting is included, the U.S. EPA assumptions decrease Trasande's monetized estimate of global impacts by 88% and the impact of U.S. power plants by 98%.
Dominant and recessive deafness caused by mutations of a novel gene, TMC1, required for cochlear hair-cell function
Authors: Kiyoto Kurima, Linda M. Peters, Yandan Yang, Saima Riazuddin, Zubair M. Ahmed, Sadaf Naz, Deidre Arnaud, Stacy Drury, Jianhong Mo, Tomoko Makishima, Manju Ghosh, P.S.N. Menon, Dilip Deshmukh, Carole Oddoux, Harry Ostrer, Shaheen Khan, Sheikh Riazuddin, Prescott L. Deininger, Lori L. Hampton, Susan L. Sullivan, James F. Battey, Bronya J.B. Keats, Edward R. Wilcox, Thomas B. Friedman, Andrew J. Griffith
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
The crystal structure of human CD1d with and without α-galactosylceramide
Authors: Michael Koch, Victoria S Stronge, Dawn Shepherd, Stephan D Gadola, Bini Mathew, Gerd Ritter, Alan R Fersht, Gurdyal S Besra, Richard R Schmidt, E Yvonne Jones, Vincenzo Cerundolo
Journal: Nature Immunology (2005)
Heart and Soft-Tissue Uptake of Tc-99m MDP in a Hemodialysis Patient
Authors: Ali Sahin, Bedri Seven, Mustafa Yildirim, Erhan Varoglu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Metastatic calcification related to renal failure has been well described. There is uptake of bone-scanning agents at extraskeletal sites in metastatic calcification. A 34-year-old man with end-stage renal failure was treated with hemodialysis. He noticed a painful lump over his right shoulder. Anterior and posterior whole-body bone scintigraphy images revealed markedly increased uptake in the heart, right shoulder, and medial part of the left shoulder. A biopsy of the right shoulder area showed metastatic calcium deposition.
Health professionals can prevent mental health problems
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

People at high risk of developing mental health problems can be identified and offered effective interventions, says a new systematic review of the evidence. The latest report from the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination at the University of York says that primary healthcare professionals are well placed to identify people who are vulnerable to mental health problems (Effective Healthcare 1997;3:3). Poverty, bereavement, divorce, and unemployment can put people at risk of developing anxiety or depression (see box). #### Some characteristics of people at high risk of developing mental health problems Children who are:
Grant Applications for Clinical Trials
Authors: Bernard A. Schwetz
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PERFORATION OF GASTRIC ULCER BY STOMACH TUBE: REPORT OF CASE
Authors: George Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1923)

A brief review of the available literature at hand fails to show any reported cases of perforation of gastric ulcer due to a stomach tube or to lavage. I have been in communication with several surgeons of wide experience, all of whom have told me they had never seen a case. Because of the extreme rarity of such a condition, I deem it sufficiently worthy to report, and also to note that gastric lavage, or even the passage of a stomach tube for a gastric analysis, is a dangerous procedure in the presence of a chronic perforating type of ulcer, and the trauma arising from the use of the stomach tube may cause an acute perforation of a chronic ulcer. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —J. B., a man, aged 28, Jewish, had been suffering for the last two years with pain in the pit of the stomach, which came on
Interaction Between Quinidine and Digoxin
Authors: Edward B. Leahey
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The serum digoxin concentration increased in 25 of 27 study patients (93%), and the mean serum digoxin concentration rose from 1.4 ng/ml to 3.2 ng/ml during quinidine therapy. Anorexia, nausea, or vomiting developed in 16 patients (59%) but disappeared in all ten patients for whom the digoxin dose alone was reduced, suggesting that digoxin excess caused these symptoms. Ventricular premature depolarizations developed in three patients after starting quinidine therapy; ventricular tachycardia developed in one patient, and another died suddenly. When starting quinidine therapy in patients who are taking digoxin, the clinical course, ECG, and serum digoxin level should be followed closely.
Beijing 2008 olympic games meant danger for the health of athletes? Monitoring of air pollution during games of XXIX olympiade by PM10
Authors: J Vetvicka, M Handl
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

There has been extensive debate about the impact of air pollution before Olympic games 2008 in Beijing and its influence on health and/or performance of athletes. BOCOG and Chinese authorities give this issue a lot of effort. Also, the IOC and NOCs monitor the situation, communicate with the BOCOG and implement preventive measures. Czech NOC in addition to prevention, decided to own direct measurement of air pollution. Based on the measurement results can then decide about the scheme and selection of athletes training funds, or preventive precautions. Ambient temperature, relative humidity and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter below 10 ìm (PM10) were measured during and shortly before the Games between August 3 and 24, 2008 in Beijing Olympic Village in Block B3 where devices were placed on the balcony in rooms of the Czech Olympic team. Continuous temperature and relative humidity values were monitored datalogging thermo-hygrometer, and PM10 were made fast to respond DustTrak nephelometer. For comparison, similar measurements were carried out at the same time, also in Prague. Temperature and PM10 concentrations were significantly higher in the week preceding Olympic Games. During the Games, however, these parameters decreased significantly. Relative humidity was a lower one during pre-Games than during Games. Announced drastic measures to reduce emissions from industry, transport and construction are likely to bring their positive influence. Significant effects were also favourable climatic conditions, which decreased ambient temperature and frequent rains are likely to have contributed to an unprecedented improvement of pollution conditions. According to our results we can conclude that athletes in Beijing were significantly fewer health risk due to air quality than expected pessimistic assumptions.
<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>Forms Biofilms on Airway Epithelia
Authors: Timothy D. Starner, Niu Zhang, GunHee Kim, Michael A. Apicella, Paul B. McCray
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) commonly infects patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), especially early in childhood. Bacteria biofilms are increasingly recognized as contributing to bacterial persistence and disease pathogenesis in CF.This study investigated ability of NTHi to form biofilms and its impact on airway epithelia using in vivo and in vitro analyses.We evaluated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from young patients with CF for evidence of NTHi biofilms. To further investigate the pathogenesis of NTHi in respiratory infections, we developed a novel in vitro coculture model of NTHi biofilm formation on polarized human airway epithelial cells grown at the air-liquid interface.In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from young, asymptomatic patients with CF, we found morphologic evidence suggestive of NTHi biofilm formation. In addition, 10 clinical NTHi isolates from patients with CF formed biofilms on plastic surfaces. NTHi formed biofilms on the apical surface of cultured airway epithelia. These biofilms exhibited decreased susceptibility to antibiotics and were adherent to epithelial surfaces. Airway epithelial cells remained viable throughout 4 d of coculture, and responded to NTHi with nuclear factor-kappaB signaling, and increased chemokine and cytokine secretion.NTHi formed adherent biofilms on the apical surface airway epithelia with decreased susceptibility to antibiotics, and respiratory cells exhibited inflammatory and host defense responses-evidence of a dynamic host-pathogen interaction. The data presented here have implications both for understanding early CF lung disease pathogenesis and for the treatment of early, asymptomatic colonization of patients with CF with H. influenzae.
Triple negative breast cancers: comparative study of clinical features and overall survival in an Irish population.
Authors: G O'Kane, L Quinn, T Boyle, B Dunne, M Griffin, J Kennedy, EM Connolly
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2083 Introduction &amp;#x2028; Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are defined by a lack of estrogen, progesterone and Her2 receptors and account for 15% of breast cancers. They present at an earlier age and a higher stage and are associated with a poorer survival compared to non-TNBC's. There is a paucity of information available on outcomes of TNBCs managed with up to date oncology treatment.&amp;#x2028; Aims&amp;#x2028; To investigate TNBCs in an Irish cohort of patients and to compare their clinicopathological features and survival outcomes with non TNBCs.&amp;#x2028; Methods&amp;#x2028; Using a prospectively gathered database all patients treated for invasive breast cancer in our unit between 2001 and 2007 were included. The median age and pathological stage at presentation, histological features and overall survival in the TNBC and non-TNBC groups were compared.&amp;#x2028; Results&amp;#x2028; Between 2001 and 2007 1081 patients were treated for breast cancer at St. James's Hospital. Follow up and full clinical data was available on 934 patients. 121(13%) patients were identified as having TNBCs, 625 (67%) were Her2-ve, hormone receptor +ve and 187 (20%) were Her2 +ve.&amp;#x2028; Age, stage, tumour size and histological grade were similar in the TNBC and the Her2+ groups with the Her2-ve, hormone receptor +ve group having a more favourable pathological profile. Overall survival in TNBC group was significantly worse at 5 yrs compared with the non-TNBC groups.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusions:&amp;#x2028; In our patients TNBC's present at a similar age and stage as Her2 + patients. The 5 year survival is worse in the TNBC group. The survival in the Her2+ group is similar to the Her2 – group suggesting that targeted therapy with herceptin is effective. These results highlight the need for a targeted therapy to treat TNBCs. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2083.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in Spanish patients with HCV infection: relationship between HCV genotype 1b, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Francesc X. López-Labrador, Sergi Ampurdanés, Xavier Forns, Antoni Castells, Juan C. Sáiz, Josep Costa, Jordi Bruix, José M. Sánchez Tapias, María T. Jiménez de Anta, Juan Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)