tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sclerodermalike esophageal disease in children of mothers with silicone breast implants
Authors: D. R. Bartel
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —I read with interest the article by Drs Levine and Ilowite. 1 I have examined one of the children that they evaluated in their study and found evidence of peripheral neuropathy determined by nerve conduction studies and somatosensory evoked responses. It may be that this esophageal motility disorder that the authors found in their study may be related to autonomic neuropathy rather than true muscle dysfunction.
Chemistry and biology of spin-trapping radicals associated with halocarbon metabolism in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: E G Janzen, H J Stronks, C M Dubose, J L Poyer, P B McCay
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The spin-trapping method is introduced and discussed. Some chemistry of nitroxides and nitrones is reviewed. Pattern recognition of ESR spectra of nitroxides is outlined. Factors controlling the magnitude of hyperfine splitting constants are mentioned. Methods of assigning spin adducts are listed. Review articles in the literature are referenced. Results in the electrochemical reduction of halocarbons are presented and some parallels with superoxide chemistry shown. Various speculative reactions are given. The in vitro and in vivo experiments where halocarbon radicals have been detected by spin trapping are reviewed and some new results reported. A comparison for different animals is added.
Concept innateness, concept continuity, and bootstrapping
Authors: Susan Carey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract The commentators raised issues relevant to all three important theses of The Origin of Concepts (henceforth TOOC ). Some questioned the very existence of innate representational primitives, and others questioned my claims about their richness and whether they should be thought of as concepts. Some questioned the existence of conceptual discontinuity in the course of knowledge acquisition and others argued that discontinuity is much more common than was portrayed in TOOC . Some raised issues with my characterization of Quinian bootstrapping, and others questioned the dual factor theory of concepts motivated by my picture of conceptual development.
Cardiac Myosin and Congestive Heart Failure in the Dog
Authors: Ludwig W. Eichna, ROBERT E. OLSON, ERIC ELLENBOGEN, RAJA IYENGAR
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Chronic congestive heart failure has been produced in dogs by surgical induction of valvular disease. Cardiac myosin was isolated from the normal dogs and from dogs with congestive heart failure and characterized. Physicochemical properties of the cardiac myosins were determined by measurements of velocity sedimentation, partial specific volume, rate of diffusion, limiting viscosity number, light-scattering behavior, and ATPase activity. The measurements show that normal cardiac myosin (myosin C) has a molecular weight of 225,000, whereas myosin from the failing heart (myosin F) has a molecular weight of 690,000. This change in molecular weight occurs without a marked alteration in amino acid composition and suggests that end-to-end trimerization of normal cardiac myosin occurs in association with congestive heart failure in the dog. There was no significant change in ATPase activity.
P24 Vitamin D Levels Are Low In Sarcoidosis And Contribute To Abnormal Monocyte Activity
Authors: A. Crawshaw, Y. Kendrik, F. M. Estrada, L.-P. Ho
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder. We showed recently that monocytes from patients with sarcoidosis exhibited reduced IL-10 production, and were less able to suppress T cell proliferation<sup>1</sup>. Vitamin D is reduced in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and has been shown to influence the activity of immune cells, including monocytes. We had observed reduced Vitamin D levels in our sarcoidosis patients and hypothesised that this may contribute to immune-pathology by altering monocyte function. <h3>Methods</h3> Forty-six steroid-naïve, non-smoking individuals with histology-confirmed sarcoidosis were recruited from our Sarcoidosis-ILD service at first presentation. Serum calcidiol levels were compared with age and gender matched healthy controls. All donors were sampled between July and mid-October when Vitamin D levels were expected to be maximal. Monocytes were isolated using magnetic bead separation, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cultured overnight with clinically ‘sufficient’ (10<sup>–7 </sup>M) or ‘deficient’ (10<sup>–8 </sup>M) levels of calcitriol. Monocyte function was assessed through cytokine production (by flow cytometry and ELISA) and multinucleate giant cell formation (MGC) (<i>in vitro</i> fusion assay). <h3>Results</h3> Vitamin D (calcidiol) levels were reduced in sarcoidosis (median 25.35 ng/ml [18.43–45.05]) compared with healthy controls (median 75.3 ng/ml [IQR 52.0–88.1]; p &lt; 0.01). For the <i>in vitro</i> monocyte studies, calcitriol treatment resulted in adose-dependent (i) increase in monocyte IL-10 production ([IL-10-producing monocytes, as %total monocytes] from a baseline of10.2% [9.4–12.0] to 27.6% [25.6–29.4] when cultured with ‘deficient’ dose of vitamin D and to 30.8% [28.9–32.6]); p. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Vitamin D levels are decreased in sarcoidosis patients at presentation. Monocyte IL-10 production was increased, and pro-TH1 differentiation cytokines were reduced with Vitamin D. Correcting Vitamin D deficiency in sarcoidosis patients may redress abnormal monocyte activity and reduce disease activity. <h3>Reference</h3> Crawshaw A <i>et al</i>. <i>Eur J Immunol.</i> 2014
Abstract 1226: Breast and ovarian cancer PDXs show excellent conservation of original features but are genetically plastic
Authors: Charles G. Theillet, Stanislas du Manoir, Beatrice Orsetti
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Patient derived xenografts (PDXs) are increasingly appreciated models in cancer research and preclinical testing. We have established a collection of 20 breast and 20 ovarian cancer PDXs and investigated their biological and clinical characteristics, as well as their genetic stability. Take rates were distinctly lower with breast (16%) compared to ovarian cancers (85%). The majority of our breast PDX originated from triple negative (14/20), grade 3 tumors (18/20) and breast cancers with reduced recurrence free survival. Interestingly, we stabilized 1 ER-/HER2+ and 5 ER+ PDX. Overall we showed that breast tumors that gave rise to a PDX (take) showed significantly different expression profiles compared to tumors which did not take. Ovarian PDX originated all from high grade cancers, but comprised all major ovarian cancer histotypes (mucinous, clear cell, carcinosarcoma and serous carcinoma). Breast and ovarian PDXs faithfully recapitulated the histological features of their tumors of origin. The excellent conservation of original transcriptome characteristics was a further proof of the phenotypic stability shown by our PDX models. Noticeably, all grafts from ER+ cancers expressed ER at the RNA and protein levels. Array-CGH analysis revealed that PDXs presented a high degree of conservation of the Copy Number Change (CNC) profiles of the tumors they stemmed from and profiles from PDXs established from the same original tumor were highly overlapping. We determined that CNC representing up to 6% of the genome corresponded to oligoclonal events present in the tumor of origin that got gradually lost in the PDXs along passages. Furthermore, we noted that a minority of the PDXs presented a fraction of de novo occurring events representing up to 10% of the genome, suggesting limited levels of ongoing genetic instability. In conclusion, our data show that breast and ovarian cancer PDX are excellent reproductions of the tumors of origin but remain genetically dynamic elements susceptible to drift during sequential passages. Citation Format: Charles G. Theillet, Stanislas du Manoir, Beatrice Orsetti. Breast and ovarian cancer PDXs show excellent conservation of original features but are genetically plastic. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1226. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1226
Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sara N. Bleich, Y. Claire Wang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To examine patterns of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes in 2003-2006.We analyzed 24-h dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 to estimate SSB consumption levels among 1,090 adults (aged ≥ 20 years) with type 2 diabetes overall and by diagnosis and control status of their diabetes.In 2003-2006, 45% of adults with diabetes consumed SSBs on a given day, obtaining an average of 202 calories and 47 g of sugar. Undiagnosed adults with diabetes were significantly more likely to consume SSBs than diagnosed adults (60 vs. 38% diagnosed/uncontrolled [P < 0.001] and 43% diagnosed/controlled [P = 0.001]) and were less likely to consume diet beverages (18 vs. 50% diagnosed/uncontrolled [P < 0.001] and 40% diagnosed/controlled [P < 0.001]). Men consumed significantly more SSBs than women (P = 0.027), younger adults (aged 20-44) more than older adults (45-64 and ≥ 65; P < 0.001), non-Hispanic black more than whites (P = 0.010); and low-income individuals (quartile 1) more than higher-income individuals (quartile 3, P = 0.040; quartile 4, P = 0.013). For most demographic and body weight categories, adults who were undiagnosed consumed more sugar from SSBs than adults who were diagnosed.SSB consumption is high among adults with diabetes, particularly among those who are undiagnosed.
A mechanistic role for DNA methylation in endothelial cell (EC)-enriched gene expression: relationship with DNA replication timing
Authors: Apurva V. Shirodkar, Rosanne St. Bernard, Anna Gavryushova, Anna Kop, Britta J. Knight, Matthew Shu-Ching Yan, Hon-Sum Jeffrey Man, Maneesh Sud, Robert P. Hebbel, Peter Oettgen, William C. Aird, Philip A. Marsden
Journal: Blood (2013)

Proximal promoter DNA methylation has been shown to be important for regulating gene expression. However, its relative contribution to the cell-specific expression of endothelial cell (EC)-enriched genes has not been defined. We used methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation and bisulfite conversion to analyze the DNA methylation profile of EC-enriched genes in ECs vs nonexpressing cell types, both in vitro and in vivo. We show that prototypic EC-enriched genes exhibit functional differential patterns of DNA methylation in proximal promoter regions of most (eg, CD31, von Willebrand factor [vWF], VE-cadherin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-2), but not all (eg, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2), EC-enriched genes. Comparable findings were evident in cultured ECs, human blood origin ECs, and murine aortic ECs. Promoter-reporter episomal transfection assays for endothelial nitric oxide synthase, VE-cadherin, and vWF indicated functional promoter activity in cell types where the native gene was not active. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase activity indicated important functional relevance. Importantly, profiling DNA replication timing patterns indicated that EC-enriched gene promoters with differentially methylated regions replicate early in S-phase in both expressing and nonexpressing cell types. Collectively, these studies highlight the functional importance of promoter DNA methylation in controlling vascular EC gene expression.
Human Foetal and Neonatal Circulation
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1964)

So-called miniature books represent a definite category in bibliographic history. To reproduce a fullsized book in a very small compass is quite a tour de force, whose achievement can give satisfaction to the craftsman and to the owner a satisfaction of a somewhat different sort. True miniature books are rare. Unfortunately, there is today in some circles a tendency towards a new type of miniature, a "reverse miniature," so to speak, where the external appearance of the book is more or less full size (if viewed face on), but where the contents are quite minute. The contents may, indeed, have merit, and we do not wish to suggest that books must be big in order to be good. We merely call attention to the disproportion between size and content. The present book is officially listed as having 54 pages. This, however, includes an appendix and an index, together with three
1373 FIRST REPORT OF SVR12 FOR A NS5A REPLICATION COMPLEX INHIBITOR BMS-790052 IN COMBINATION WITH PEG-IFNa-2A AND RBV: PHASE 2A TRIAL IN TREATMENT-NAIVE HCV-GENOTYPE-1 SUBJECTS
Authors: S. Pol, R.H. Ghalib, V.K. Rustgi, C. Martorell, G.T. Everson, H.A. Tatum, C. Hezode, J.K. Lim, J.-P. Bronowicki, G.A. Abrams, N. Brau, D.W. Morris, P. Thuluvath, R. Reindollar, P.D. Yin, U. Diva, R. Hindes, F. McPhee, M. Gao, A. Thiry, S. Schnittman, E.A. Hughes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Changes in S-adenosylmethionine synthetase in human liver cancer: Molecular characterization and significance
Authors: J Cai, W Sun, J Hwang, S C Stain, S C Lu
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAMS) catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and is essential to normal cell function. There are two forms of SAMS, liver-specific and nonliver-specific (often referred to as "kidney"), which are products of two different genes. SAMS isoenzymes differ greatly in kinetic parameters and sensitivity to inhibition by methionine analogs. The current work studied changes in SAMS and their significance in liver cancer. Northern blot analysis showed that while normal liver expresses only liver-specific SAMS, both HepG2 and HuH-7 cells express only nonliver-specific SAMS. Absence of liver-specific SAMS messenger RNA (mRNA) was not because of gene deletion or rearrangement but complete lack of gene transcription. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with liver- and kidney-specific SAMS primers showed that liver-specific SAMS mRNA was absent with only kidney SAMS mRNA present in HepG2, HuH-7, Hep3B, and HuH-1 cells, and four consecutive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens. Normal liver tissues from the same patients express both forms of SAMS mRNA. As a result of the change in SAMS expression, SAMS activity was higher in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells at physiologically relevant methionine concentrations but lower at high (mmol/L) methionine concentrations than rat hepatocytes. Treatment with ethionine and seleno-D,L-ethionine, two inhibitors known to have I50 values 50 to 60 times lower against SAMS purified from Novikoff hepatoma cells as compared with SAMS purified from normal rat liver, resulted in increased cell lysis in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells but not cultured rat hepatocytes. These agents did not affect cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels but inhibited SAMS activity in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells when added to their protein extracts. In summary, expression of SAMS is altered in human liver cancer. This occurrence may provide a potentially exploitable target for cancer chemotherapy.
CABG Again Outshines Stenting for Some Patients With Coronary Artery Blockage
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Doctors are servants of patients says chief medical officer
Authors: S. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2003)

England's chief medical officer, Professor Liam Donaldson, has called for a major shake up in the traditional doctor partner relationship.

“We have to see ourselves as the servants of the patient, not their masters,” he said, introducing a conference last week at the Royal College of Physicians entitled “The doctor patient relationship: is it good enough?”

And speaker Ian Kramer, lawyer and vice chairman of the UK Coalition of People Living with HIV and AIDs, reinforced the theme:

“Patients can and should be viewed not as raw …
Treatment of Intractable Heart Failure in the Presence of Complete Atrioventricular Heart Block by the Use of the Internal Cardiac Pacemaker
Authors: Otto F. Müller, Samuel Bellet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

COMPLETE atrioventricular block with slow ventricular rates is not infrequently associated with intractable congestive heart failure. In many cases the treatment of the heart failure is of little efficacy. Moreover, attempts to increase the ventricular rate by sympathomimetic agents and other drugs are often unsuccessful in these patients. The object of this presentation is to report the successful treatment of intractable heart failure by increasing the slow heart rate with the use of an artificial pacemaker. The detailed reports of two such cases follow.Case ReportsCase 1. J.L., a 67-year-old man, experienced his 1st acute myocardial infarction, accompanied by . . .
Isolated Multiple Bilateral Thyroid Metastases from Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Nader M. Albsoul, Fatima N. Obeidat, Azmy M. Hadidy, Mohammad N. AlZoubi, Abtehag A. Taib, Awni D. Shahait
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2013)
A CONVENIENT BURETTE APPARATUSFOR USE IN THE CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF THE GASTRIC CONTENTS.
Authors: WARREN P. ELMER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The growing importance of the chemical examination of the gastric contents as an aid to diagnosis renders it important that the up-to-date physician have such appliances at his command that this may be accomplished with the least possible waste of time and at the least possible expense. With this fact in view I present the following description of a burette apparatus for decinormal sodium hydrate which I have found convenient for the titration of gastric contents: The device consists of an ordinary burette stand (A), a burette clamp the jaws of which are covered by cork or rubber (B), a 50 c.c. burette (C) graduated in tenths, and fitted with a float (D). Through one of the openings of a two-hole soft rubber stopper No. 4 (F) is thrust the upper end of the burette in such a manner that the top of the burette projects above the stopper about
Hyperbaric oxygen and radiotherapy.
Authors: G B Young
Journal: BMJ (1972)

There is, however, a much more sinister aspect to this brainwashing Drocess by the new media and by noise affecting young people, and that is loss of critical faculties and increased suggestibility.These two phenomena are well known to psychiatrists and may play their part in the various violent protest movements we are witnessing to-day.We have created a society where for some young people stimulation of the mind by the mass media and by other undesirable aspects of our society, such as many films, comics, loud pop music, noise at work, and traffic has already reached sat- uration point, and the cult of drug addiction may be one wav of escape for them.It is high time our Doliticians and social scientists recognized these facts, as a re- versal of the trend at this stage will prove very difficult.-Iam, etc.
Tobacco and the Heart
Authors: Wilbert S. Aronow
Journal: JAMA (1974)

MOST people are aware that cigarette smoking is a primary cause of cancer of the lung. Fewer are aware of the link that joins smoking and heart disease. Many studies, both prospective and retrospective, have shown that cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor contributing to the development of coronary disease, especially in young and middle-aged men. Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction with sudden death, and with a shorter survival from the onset of acute coronary episodes. Heavy smokers have a significantly higher incidence of infarction and mortality from coronary disease than light smokers do. In addition, cigarette smokers who stop smoking have a significantly lower incidence of myocardial infarction and death from coronary disease than do those who continue to smoke. Some studies have demonstrated that cigar and pipe smokers have a smaller increase in risk than cigarette smokers have, but in one
Guanine nucleotides and acute renal failure
Authors: Joel M. Weinberg, Manjeri A. Venkatachalam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Sustained ischemic and nephrotoxic acute renal failure (ARF) are characterized by overt damage to renal tubules, including cell necrosis. As a result, these processes have frequently been termed acute tubular necrosis, but this description has long been known to be misleading, as much of the tubule damage is sublethal, and the extent of necrotic cell death correlates imperfectly with the severity of organ dysfunction (1–3). Moreover, the organ dysfunction clearly includes a sustained hemodynamic abnormality during the maintenance phase, which most evidence indicates is persistent preglomerular arterial vasoconstriction (3). In this issue of the JCI, Kelly and coworkers report that pretreatment with guanosine ameliorates ischemic ARF in a murine model and that this improvement is associated with diminished apoptosis but not with changes in either necrosis or sublethal tubule cell damage (4).
TCT-455 Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion Revascularization: Immediate Procedural Outcomes from a Multicenter US Registry
Authors: Dimitri Karmpaliotis, Tesfaldet Michael, Emmanouil Brilakis, Aristotelis Papayannis, Daniel Tran, Ben Kirkland, Nicholas Lembo, Kalynych Anna, Harold Carlson, Subhash Banerjee, William Lombardi, David Kandzari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)