tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nebulised antibiotics with the I-neb adaptive aerosol delivery (AAD) system: Impact on adherence in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients
Authors: Silvia Gartner, Carlos Martin, Pilar Vallejos, Antonio Moreno, Ines de Mir, Alba Torrent, Marcelo Razquin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Purpose : to assess the adherence and compliance to prescribed treatment of CF patients to nebulised antibiotic utilising the AAD system.

Methods: 17 cystic fibrosis patients (12 female, age range 8-18 years) infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and treated with aerosolised colistin twice a day using the AAD were included. Data were downloaded during a clinic visit 3 months later and in 7 patients, a second downloaded after year. None of the patients were aware that the data were recorded.

Results: Mean overall adherence over the 3 months of treatment (number of recorded doses/ number of prescribed doses x100) was 90.73% (SD: 26.37%) with 2 out of 17 patients having an overall adherence below 75%.The mean percentage of days each patient fully adhered was 79.48 % (SD: 17.57 %) and the mean of fully compliance was 84.90% (SD: 28.27%). Overall mean values adherence was maintained over the year. Mean treatment time was 8.08 minutes. Evening adherence (94.76%, SD:33.34%) was better, (but statistically not significant) than in the morning (86.20%, SD:22.04%). Also, no significant correlations were observed between better adherence and FEV1, FEF25-75%, age, BMI, chronic PA.

Conclusions: The high level of adherence observed in our series contrast with the poor compliance reported in previous studies. The AAD system recording offers very useful information to examine patterns of adherence during aerosolised therapy and allows to monitor aspects of the treatment that can be improved.
Effect of balance training within pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Alda Marques, Cristina Jácome, Joana Cruz, Raquel Gabriel, Daniela Figueiredo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have balance impairments however, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programmes lead to only minor improvements on balance in patients with COPD. Thus, there is a need to explore balance training within PR. This study aimed to determine the effects of balance training within PR among patients with COPD.  A quasi-experimental design with outpatients with COPD was conducted. Participants underwent a 12-week PR programme with exercise training (3*week) and psychoeducation (1*week). Each exercise training session incorporated 5 components: warm up (10min), endurance training (20min), strength training (15min), balance training (5min) and cool down (10min). Health-related quality of life (St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire - SGRQ), quadriceps muscle strength (10 repetition maximum testing) and exercise tolerance (6-minute walk test) were assessed. Balance was determined using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test.  Sixteen outpatients participated (11 males; age 68.2±11.7; FEV1 63.3±19.0%predicted). After PR, there were significant improvements on SGRQ symptoms score (mean change (MC)=12.2 units; p=0.012; effect size (ES)=0.604), quadriceps muscle strength (MC=3.1Kg; p=0.001; ES=1.475) and exercise tolerance (MC=35.7m; p=0.001; ES=1.027). A comparison of TUG test pre- (9.3±2.5s) and post-PR (7.2±1.9s) showed significant improvements (MC=2.1±1.2s; p=0.001; ES=1.834). Before PR 8(50%) participants and after PR only 1(6.3%) had a TUG performance worse than age-matched healthy peers (p=0.004).  A specific component of balance training within PR has a large effect on balance in patients with COPD. Further research is needed to determine the optimal intervention for improving balance.
The development and implementation of a written personal asthma action plan (PAAP) for adults and children across North Staffordshire
Authors: Jane Peach, Angela Cooper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Members of The Staffordshire North Respiratory Alliance(SNRA)supported by a local asthma charity undertook a project to develop a written personal asthma action plan (PAAP)for adults and children.Existing plans were outdated and local practice nurses identified a need for asthma training.

Literature suggests that following a PAAP can reduce emergency visits to hospital and the GP.It is acknowledged that having a PAAP attracts appropriate treatment of exacerbations,encourages patients to take responsibility for managing their condition, increases confidence and improves quality of life (BTS 2011).Wiener-Ogilvie,S et al,(Prim Care Resp J.16(6)2007:369-377) revealed only 23% of patients with asthma have a PAAP despite national recommendations.Our pilot involved 6 GP practices and patient focus groups to develop and evaluate a PAAP.

View this table:

Patient feedback from pilot





Partnership working has enabled us to provide structured educational sessions to health care professionals across primary and secondary care.Currently 90 GP practices are using the PAAP's in North Staffordshire.Encouragingly practice nurses are more confident in managing asthma.Within secondary care PAAP's are given to asthma patients attending A & E,wards and respiratory clinics.One year after the launch feedback from patients and health care professionals is extremely positive.Future plans include evaluating the impact of the PAAP on A & E attendances,GP visits and quality of life.
Gender differences in COPD patients: Skeletal muscle function and structure
Authors: Juana Martinez LLorens, Pilar Ausin Herrero, Carme Casadevall, Esther Barreiro, Joaquim Gea
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

COPD is a heterogeneous disorder, where different phenotypes are being defined. One area of interest is the influence of the gender in the diverse phenotypes. AIM: To analyse gender differences in COPD patients (clinical, functional status, muscle structure). METHODS: COPD group: 21 female/19 male - Control group: 8 women/ 7 men. Anthropometry, quality of life (QoL), physical activity (PA), exercise capacity (EC), lung and skeletal muscle function, cytokynes serum levels were assessed. V astus lateralis  biopsies were obtained for the analysis of structural signs of muscle damage, fiber typing, transcript and protein levels of cytokines and growth factors as well as transcripts of selected genes involved in myogenic pathways. RESULTS: Lung function, QoL and PA were similar in both genders. However, female patients complained about more symptoms and exhibited lower EC and quadriceps force than men. Cytokines plasma levels were increased in patients without gender influence. Muscle fiber phenotype differences due to gender were similar in both groups, but patients had a lower proportion of type I fibers. Abnormal fibers were increased in both groups of patients, but were present in a higher proportion in female. Moreover, damage muscle was inversely correlated with severity of COPD. Some markers of myogenesis (Pax7, M-Cadherin and Myf5) showed higher expression in COPD females than in males, being inversely correlated with DL CO . CONCLUSIONS: Injury and regeneration phenomena appear to be more evident in limb muscles of COPD women than in men, being proportional to the severity of disease. No correlation were found between systemic inflammation and muscles phenomenon for any of the gender groups of COPD patients.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress, COPD and lung cancer
Authors: Belen Nunez, Sergio Scrimini, Alvar Agusti, Amanda Iglesias, Borja Cosio, Meritxell Lopez, Juan Antonio Torrecilla, Jaume Sauleda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction:  COPD is a risk factor for lung cancer (LC). The mechanisms for this association are unknown. Both diseases can present endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) that is characterised by an accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum lumen, altering the cellular homeostasis.  Hypothesis:  The ERS could be a mechanism for LC in COPD patients.   Aims:  To compare, in smoking patients with/without COPD (with /without LC) and healthy non-smoking controls, different ERS markers.   Population and methods:  Fifty one subjects distributed in 5 groups according to the presence or not of COPD and LC. Clinical history, lung function tests and blood analysis were performed in all subjects. The most representatives markers for ERS (BIP, IRE, xBPS, PERK, CHOP, EIF and ATF6) were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The values were normalised according to the GADPH.   Results:  Healthy controls, n=10 (3 men, 63± 6years); Smoking subjects with normal lung function without LC, n=11 (9 men, 57 ± 14 years, 37± 28 pack-year) ; COPD patients without LC, n=9 (9 men, 62 ± 10 years, 55± 20 pack-year, FEV1ref 77 ± 17 %, FEV1/FVC 59 ± 8%); Smoking subjects with normal lung function with LC, n=11 (11 men, 67 ± 9 years, 57 ± 37pack-year); COPD patients with LC, n=10 (10 men, 66 ± 7years, 61 ± 20pack-year, FEV1ref 70±14 %, FEV1/FVC 60 ± 9%). We found that BIP values (median and range) increased (p Conclusions:  BIP is associated with LC independently of lung function.
Decreasing Immune Competence and Development of Reticulum Cell Sarcomas in Lymphatic Tissue of Aged Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M. G. Hanna, P. Nettesheim, M. J. Snodgrass
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The relation between the development of reticulum cell sarcoma and the reduced immune capacity in aged (C57BL/6× C3H/An)F1 (B6C3F1) mice was studied. 125l-human γ-globulin (HGG) was used to analyze the relative immune clearance and antigen-trapping capacity of spleen germinal centers in 1.5-year-old, 2.5-year-old, and 13-week-old mice; the histopathologic development of reticuloendothelial neoplasia was determined with respect to its site of origin within the lymphatic nodules of the spleen. The results of these studies are: 1) The decrease in immune capacity in these aged mice is clearly not a function of the development of lymphoreticular neoplasia. However, impaired immune competence may be related causally to the subsequent development of lymphatic and non-lymphatic tumors. 2) Immune clearance and antigen localization in germinal centers of 1.5-year-old mice are markedly depressed. No immune clearance was detected in the 2.5-year-old animals, and antigen localization is extremely rare. 3) The reticulum cell sarcoma of the B6C3F1 originates in the thymus-dependent periarteriolar region of the spleen lymphatic nodules. This is followed by invasion of anaplastic reticular cells into the cortical region of the nodule and spleen red pulp. 4) It is suggested that “mesenteric lymph node disease” is a degenerative disease associated with antigenic burden.
Influenza Vaccination in Children with Asthma
Authors: Herman J. Bueving, Roos M. D. Bernsen, Johan C. de Jongste, Lisette W. A. van Suijlekom-Smit, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, Maureen P. M. H. Rutten-van Mölken, Siep Thomas, Johannes C. van der Wouden
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

There is little evidence that influenza vaccination reduces asthma exacerbations. We determined whether influenza vaccination is more effective than placebo in 6-18-year-old children with asthma. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Parenteral vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine or placebo took place approximately November 1, and children were followed until April 1 of the next year. Airway symptoms were reported in a diary. When symptom scores reached a predefined level, a pharyngeal swab was taken. Primary outcome was the number of asthma exacerbations associated with virologically proven influenza infection. Three hundred forty-nine children were assigned placebo, and 347 were assigned vaccine. Pharyngeal swabs positive for influenza were related to 42 asthma exacerbations, 24 in the vaccine group and 18 in the placebo group, a difference of 33% favoring placebo (31% after adjustment for confounders; 95% confidence interval, -34% to 161%). Influenza-related asthma exacerbations were of similar severity in both groups; they lasted 3.1 days shorter in the vaccine group (95% confidence interval, -6.2 to 0.002 days, p = 0.06). We conclude that influenza vaccination did not result in a significant reduction of the number, severity, or duration of asthma exacerbations caused by influenza. Additional studies are warranted to justify routine influenza vaccination of children with asthma.
Development of Ly-1+ B cells in immunodeficient CBA/N mice.
Authors: A de la Hera, M A Marcos, M L Toribio, C Marquez, M L Gaspar, C Martinez
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Spleen cells from CBA/N mice developing a systemic autoimmune disease after daily injection of CsA during an autologous bone marrow reconstitution were transferred into unmanipulated syngeneic recipients. Adoptive transfer allowed the development of Ly-1+ B cells, which shared Mac-1 differentiation antigen expression with the myelomonocytic lineage. Interestingly, expansion of formerly absent Ly-1+ B cells was paralleled by a severe reduction in common, Ly-1-, B cell development in the recipient. We conclude that precursors for Ly-1+ B lineage do exist in CBA/N mice.
Decreased Sensitivity to Colchicine-Mediated Inhibition of Metabolite Uptake in Isolated Hepatoma Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Michael A. Lea
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The effects of colchicine on the incorporation of [3H]-leucine and [3H]thymidine were studied in inbred BUF rats bearing Morris hepatomas and in isolated hepatoma cells and hepatocytes. The results confirmed previous work by other investigators that uptake of amino acids in hepatomas can be inhibited by colchicine (250 micrograms/100 body wt) under conditions in which uptake is not impeded in host liver. Uptake and incorporation of [3H]thymidine in hepatomas were also more sensitive to inhibition by colchicine. Evidence was obtained that these inhibitory effects on incorporation were diminished in isolated cells and were similar for isolated hepatoma cells and hepatocytes. The data did not exclude alternative mechanisms, but they were compatible with a previous suggestion that an effect of colchicine on circulation in hepatomas may be a factor in the inhibitory action on metabolite uptake.
Evaluation of the Short Hydration Using Oral Rehydration Solution(Ors)
Authors: Junya Sato, Satoru Nihei, Naoto Morikawa, Hiromi Nagashima, Kenshi Sekimura, Hirohiko Tairabune, Yuji Yonezawa, Kenzo Kudo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Patterns of treatment failure and prognostic factors associated with the treatment of esophageal carcinoma with chemotherapy and radiotherapy either as sole treatment or followed by surgery .
Authors: P G Gill, J W Denham, G G Jamieson, P G Devitt, E Yeoh, C Olweny
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE The records of patients with esophageal cancer who were treated with a combined modality therapy were reviewed to determine the effects of simultaneously administered chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) at sites of recurrence and the relationship between treatment outcome and clinicopathologic variables. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred seventeen patients were treated with fluorouracil (800 mg/m2) [corrected] and cisplatin (80 mg/m2) combined with either 36 Gy (36 patients) or 54 to 60 Gy (35 patients) of RT as sole therapy. Forty-six patients underwent surgery after they had received chemotherapy and 36 Gy of RT as initial treatment. Patients with either squamous cell cancer (SCC) or adenocarcinoma were included. RESULTS Complete endoscopic regression after an initial 36 Gy of RT and chemotherapy occurred in more than 50% of patients and in both tumor types. Relief of dysphagia accompanied tumor regression. Forty-two tumors were resected, and 11 showed a complete histologic response. Significant associations were demonstrated between enhanced survival and a diagnosis of SCC, a complete endoscopic response to initial chemotherapy and RT, and a tumor length of less than 5 cm. Multivariate analyses suggested that tumor length and complete endoscopic response were independent prognostic variables. The survival rate of patients treated by resection or radical-dosage RT was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS The relief of dysphagia demonstrates the palliative value of chemotherapy and RT in both tumor types. The similar survival rates of patients with SCC or adenocarcinoma treated either surgically or with high-dose combined therapy (54 to 60 Gy) emphasize the need to evaluate the role of surgery and combined treatment in randomized studies.
Fusing Randomized Trials With Big Data
Authors: Derek C. Angus
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunogenic Properties of Reticulum Cell Sarcomas of SJL/J Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E. A. Carswell, H. J. Wanebo, L. J. Old, E. A. Boyse
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Resistance to transplanted reticulum cell sarcomas (RCS) was induced in syngeneic SJL/J mice by immunization with irradiated RCS cells. Each of five RCS was immunogenic by this criterion. The induced resistance was specific for the RCS used for immunization and could be conferred on untreated recipients by adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells. An immune response engendered by these antigens may contribute to the cytological features of the primary disease and also to the behavior of transplants, which may fail to proliferate significantly or may regress. However, certain features of the transplanted RCS lines are not readily explicable in immunologie terms and suggest that the cells are under some other form of control, presumably hormonal; prominent among these features is the survival of RCS cells for long periods in apparently healthy mice after spontaneous remission of extensive disease, followed by their renewed proliferation on transfer to untreated recipients.
Static lung volumes in lung transplant recipients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome
Authors: Therese Small, Christopher Ward, James Lordan, Andrew Fisher, Paul Corris, John Gibson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), post lung transplantation, is defined and monitored by FEV1. Progressive pulmonary hyperinflation may accompany airway obstruction in BOS and assessing hyperinflation might give a more sensitive signal. However, after single lung transplantation (SLT), for chronic airway disease, the native hyperinflated native lung might compromise interpretation of lung volume measurements. We therefore compared plethysmographic lung volumes, including inspiratory capacity (IC), at the time of diagnosis of BOS in 2 groups of patients: post SLT and post sequential single lung transplantation (SSLT).

We studied 32 patients: 11 SLT (9 COPD; 2 OB) and 21 SSLT (6 COPD; 1 OB; 14 cystic fibrosis). The SSLT group were significantly younger (median 38 v. 54 years).

View this table:



The SLT group had larger TLC and FRC, while IC was similar in the two groups and, as a proportion of VC, was actually greater in the SLT group.

IC was relatively well preserved in the SLT patients with early BOS, despite the presence of a hyperinflated native lung. Longitudinal lung volume measurements might usefully evaluate the progress of BOS in both SLT and SSLT recipients.
Recent Advances in Biodegradable Metals for Medical Sutures: A Critical Review
Authors: Jan‐Marten Seitz, Martin Durisin, Jeremy Goldman, Jaroslaw W. Drelich
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Sutures that biodegrade and dissolve over a period of several weeks are in great demand to stitch wounds and surgical incisions. These new materials are receiving increased acceptance across surgical procedures whenever permanent sutures and long‐term care are not needed. Unfortunately, both inflammatory responses and adverse local tissue reactions in the close‐to‐stitching environment are often reported for biodegradable polymeric sutures currently used by the medical community. While bioabsorbable metals are predominantly investigated and tested for vascular stent or osteosynthesis applications, they also appear to possess adequate bio­compatibility, mechanical properties, and corrosion stability to replace biodegradable polymeric sutures. In this Review, biodegradable alloys made of iron, magnesium, and zinc are critically evaluated as potential materials for the manufacturing of soft and hard tissue sutures. In the case of soft tissue closing and stitching, these metals have to compete against currently available degradable polymers. In the case of hard tissue closing and stitching, biodegradable sternal wires could replace the permanent sutures made of stainless steel or titanium alloys. This Review discusses the specific materials and degradation properties required by all suture materials, summarizes current suture testing protocols and provides a well‐grounded direction for the potential future development of biodegradable metal based sutures.
Development and Validation of 11 Symptom Indexes to Evaluate Response to Chemotherapy for Advanced Cancer
Authors: David Cella, Sarah K. Rosenbloom, Jennifer L. Beaumont, Susan E. Yount, Diane Paul, Debra Hampton, Amy P. Abernethy, Paul B. Jacobsen, Karen Syrjala, Jamie H. Von Roenn
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011)

Recent guidance from the FDA discusses patient-reported outcomes as end points in clinical trials. Using methods consistent with this guidance, the authors developed symptom indexes for patients with advanced cancer. Input on the most important symptoms was obtained from 533 patients recruited from NCCN Member Institutions and 4 nonprofit social service organizations. Diagnoses included bladder, brain, breast, colorectal, head and neck, hepatobiliary/pancreatic, kidney, lung, ovarian, and prostate cancers and lymphoma. Physician experts in each of these diseases were also surveyed to differentiate symptoms that were predominantly disease-based from those that were predominantly treatment-induced. Results are evaluated alongside previously published indexes for 9 of these 11 advanced cancers that were created based on expert provider surveys, also implemented at NCCN Member Institutions. Final results are 11 symptom indexes that reflect the highest priorities of people affected by these 11 advanced cancers and the experienced perspective of the people who provide their medical treatment. Beyond the clinical value of such indexes, they may also contribute significantly to satisfying regulatory requirements for a standardized tool to evaluate drug efficacy with respect to symptomatology.