tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mutations in Igα (CD79a) result in a complete block in B-cell development
Authors: Yoshiyuki Minegishi, Elaine Coustan-Smith, Lisa Rapalus, Fügen Ersoy, Dario Campana, Mary Ellen Conley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Mutations in Btk, μ heavy chain, or the surrogate light chain account for 85–90% of patients with early onset hypogammaglobulinemia and absent B cells. The nature of the defect in the remaining patients is unknown. We screened 25 such patients for mutations in genes encoding components of the pre–B-cell receptor (pre-BCR) complex. A 2-year-old girl was found to have a homozygous splice defect in Igα, a transmembrane protein that forms part of the Igα/Igβ signal-transduction module of the pre-BCR. Studies in mice suggest that the Igβ component of the pre-BCR influences V-DJ rearrangement before cell-surface expression of μ heavy chain. To determine whether Igα plays a similar role, we compared B-cell development in an Igα-deficient patient with that seen in a μ heavy chain–deficient patient. By immunofluorescence, both patients had a complete block in B-cell development at the pro-B to pre-B transition; both patients also had an equivalent number and diversity of rearranged V-DJ sequences. These results indicate that mutations in Igα can be a cause of agammaglobulinemia. Furthermore, they suggest that Igα does not play a critical role in B-cell development until it is expressed, along with μ heavy chain, as part of the pre-BCR.
European countries cut funding for a range of activities against illicit drug use
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The economic recession is forcing 15 of 19 European governments to reduce spending on aspects of their drugs policies, particularly research, prevention, social reintegration, and organisational activities, a survey shows.

Budgets for treatment seem to be largely unaffected, but countries are also cutting funding for drug related programmes in prisons and law enforcement, says the latest annual report from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, published on 15 November. Estonia, Latvia, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, and Ireland are most affected by the cuts.

In parallel with its annual report the agency has provided details of the costs of financing drug treatment in Europe, the …
[147] DE NOVO AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS FOLLOWING LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN ADULTS: WHAT LIES BEHIND
Authors: F. Dazzani, A. Gramenzi, M. Biselli, G. Vitale, R. Vukotic, C. Cursaro, S. Lorenzini, M. Bernardi, P. Andreone
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Liver Standardized Uptake Value Corrected for Lean Body Mass at FDG PET/CT
Authors: Alin Chirindel, Krishna C. Alluri, Abdel K. Tahari, Muhammad Chaudhry, Richard L. Wahl, Martin A. Lodge, Rathan M. Subramaniam
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

The objective of this study is to establish the magnitude change and interreader reliability of the liver standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SULmean) in dual-time-point imaging at 1 and 2 hours and 1 and 4 hours.Early and delayed FDG PET/CT scans were included for 28 patients (13 men and 15 women) who had normal liver by CT or ultrasound. The average uptake time between the early and delayed scans were 55 minutes (range, 44-69 minutes) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients (n = 19) and 184 minutes (range, 140-197 minutes) for neurofibromatosis patients (n = 9). A 30-mm-diameter spherical volume of interest was placed within the right lobe of the liver above, below, and at the level of the main portal vein by 2 independent readers. Correlation coefficients, analysis of variance, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman analysis were performed.The mean liver SULmean was between 1.39 and 1.42 and between 1.28 and 1.3 in early and delayed images, respectively (P = 0.001). There is time-dependent reduction in the mean liver SULmean at 2-hour (7%-8%) and 4-hour uptake time (15%-21%) compared with 1-hour uptake time. The correlation coefficient between delayed uptake time and liver SULmean reduction is 0.39 to 0.41 at the upper aspect of the liver. The intraclass correlation coefficient for 2 readers varied between 0.997 and 0.998 and between 0.995 and 0.999 in early and delayed images, respectively (P = 0.001).There is time-dependent reduction of mean liver SULmean, about 7% to 8% within the clinically relevant FDG uptake time, in the same patient with excellent interreader agreement in early and delayed images within the right lobe of the liver. Therefore, liver SULmean could represent a useful reference parameter in quantitative analysis of dual-phase FDG PET/CT in malignancy or atypical infection/inflammatory disease. Furthermore, it may be suitable as a normalization factor in currently available formulae quantifying therapy response on PET imaging.
TCT-777 Non-Cerebrovascular Systemic Arterial Embolic Events from Paradoxical Embolization via Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)
Authors: Ronan Margey, Ronan Margey, Sammy Elmariah, Brian Hynes, Pablo Renfigo-Moreno, Michael Jaff, Robert Schainfeld, Ignacio Inglessis, Igor Palacios
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor stimulate human vascular endothelial cells to promote transendothelial neutrophil passage.
Authors: R Moser, B Schleiffenbaum, P Groscurth, J Fehr
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

In an attempt to understand the regulatory mechanisms governing passage of neutrophils from the vascular bed to the interstitial tissue, we analyzed the effect of the pleiotropic monokines interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on transendothelial neutrophil traffic. Short-time preincubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVE) monolayers with IL-1 and TNF led to an impressive time- and dose-dependent increase of endothelial cell-associated neutrophils when working in a full plasma system on petri dishes. Electron microscopic analysis revealed junctional penetration of monolayers by neutrophils. More quantitatively, when using a monolayer-on-filter-system, priming led to a severalfold increase in complete layer passage occurring in the absence of an external chemotactic gradient. Direct comparison with an upside-down modification of the system together with data demonstrating the vectorial behavior of such migration revealed that IL-1-stimulated transendothelial neutrophil traffic is polarized. The described enhancement of neutrophil transendothelial passage was found to be a unique feature of IL-1/TNF-activated HUVE since HUVE-dependent transmigration potentiation was not observed as a consequence of mere neutrophil attachment to endothelial cells (e.g., induced by Fc-mediated adherence of PMN to HUVE). IL-1 acts selectively on endothelial cells as demonstrated by total inhibition of its effect by actinomycin D. Moreover, IL-1 does not induce HUVE monolayers to secrete a chemotaxin, and the neutrophil passage guiding principle is removable from the HUVE surface by short trypsin exposure. Congruent results were obtained with human adult arterial as well as saphenous vein endothelial cells. As shown by blockade of neutrophil migration with pertussis toxin, IL-1- and TNF-inducible transendothelial migration can be dissected into an initial anchoring step, which is succeeded by active neutrophil migration, possibly along a putative endothelial membrane-bound gradient.
Elevated Risk for Invasive Meningococcal Disease Among Persons With HIV
Authors: Laura Miller, Lola Arakaki, Arianne Ramautar, Sara Bodach, Sarah L. Braunstein, Joseph Kennedy, Linda Steiner-Sichel, Stephanie Ngai, Colin Shepard, Don Weiss
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

An association between HIV and invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) has been suggested by several previous studies but has not been fully described in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the United States.To estimate the risk for IMD and death in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in New York City (NYC) and the contribution of CD4(+) cell count and viral load (VL) to IMD risk.Comparison of the incidence rate of IMD among PLWHA with that among HIV-uninfected persons. Surveillance data on IMD for patients aged 15 to 64 years from 2000 to 2011 were matched to death and HIV registries to calculate IMD risk and case-fatality ratios. A subset of PLWHA who had a CD4(+) cell count and VL measurement near the time of their IMD infection was included in age-matched case-control analyses to assess HIV markers and IMD risk.Retrospective cohort from communicable disease surveillance.265 persons aged 15 to 64 years with IMD during 2000 to 2011.Meningococcal and HIV data abstracted from surveillance and registry databases, including CD4(+) cell counts and VL.The average annual incidence rate of IMD was 0.39 cases per 100 000 persons. The relative risk for IMD among PLWHA in NYC during 2000 to 2011 was 10.0 (95% CI, 7.2 to 14.1). Among PLWHA, patients with IMD were 5.3 times (CI, 1.4 to 20.4 times) as likely as age-matched control patients to have CD4(+) counts less than 0.200 × 10(9) cells/L.Missing data on smoking status and comorbidity.People living with HIV/AIDS in NYC are at increased risk for IMD. Cost-effectiveness and vaccine efficacy studies are needed to evaluate the value of a national recommendation for routine meningococcal vaccination of PLWHA.New York City Tax Levy.
Trans-fatty acids intake and risk of myocardial infarction.
Authors: A Ascherio, C H Hennekens, J E Buring, C Master, M J Stampfer, W C Willett
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Concern that trans-fatty acids formed in the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils may increase the risk of coronary disease has existed for several decades, but direct evidence on this relation in humans is limited.With a case-control design, we studied the association between intake of trans-fatty acids and a first acute myocardial infarction among 239 patients admitted to one of six hospitals in the Boston area and 282 population control subjects. Intake of trans-fatty acids was estimated using a previously validated food frequency questionnaire. After adjustment for age, sex, and energy intake, intake of trans-fatty acids was directly related to risk of myocardial infarction (relative risk for highest compared with lowest quintile, 2.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.42, 4.19; for trend P < .0001). This relation remained highly significant after adjustment for established coronary risk factors, multivitamin use, and intake of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, linoleic acid, dietary cholesterol, vitamins E and C, carotene, and fiber. Intake of margarine--the major source of trans-isomers--was significantly associated with risk of myocardial infarction.These data support the hypothesis that intake of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils may contribute to the risk of myocardial infarction.
Eye protection in the metal working industry.
Authors: N P Jones
Journal: BMJ (1990)

gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.Furthermore, the advice to tailor treatment to the condition being treated is, in my view, best achieved by varying the duration of treatment.This is far more pragmatic as the policy of tailoring the degree of acid suppression to the condition being treated would require accurate endoscopic diagnosis in all cases.Though this is desirable, it would be quite impracticable even when open access endoscopy is readily available.
Practical use of a disability index in the routine management of acne
Authors: R.J. Motley, A.Y. Finlay
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

We describe a brief questionnaire designed to assess the disability caused by acne. The questionnaire adds a patient-orientated dimension to medical records, high-lights patients with unusually high levels of disability, and increases the relevant information on which we base therapeutic decisions.
Medical Education in the Millenium
Authors: Deborah E. Simpson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings1 August 1998Medical Education in the MilleniumDeborah E. Simpson, PhDDeborah E. Simpson, PhDMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WisconsinSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-3-199808010-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Medical Education in the Millenium; Jolly B, Rees L; eds. 268 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1998. $98.50. ISBN 0192623990. Order phone 800-451-7556.Field of medicine: Medical education.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Medical educators.Purpose: To guide future curriculum change by providing a basic description of enduring trends in medical education.Content: This book begins with a brief review of emerging curriculum aims and a summary of essential competencies for future physicians. It then discusses current curriculum models, how and where students learn, technology, assessment, continuing education, and educational quality.Highlights: The sections on technology and curriculum models provide ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1998Volume 129, Issue 3Page: 259-260KeywordsAcademic medicineContinuing medical educationForecastingHospital medicineInternetMedical education ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
USSR Letter: Infant mortality in the Soviet Union
Authors: M. Ryan
Journal: BMJ (1988)

When the latest available data were examined for the Soviet Union they showed that the infant mortality rate had risen sharply from 22.9 deaths for infants under the age of 1 year per 1000 births in 1971 to 27.9/1000 in 1974. When the data were discontinued, speculation was that further deterioration would have been shown, thus reflecting poorly on the quality of social, economic, and environmental conditions for which the Soviet state had assumed direct responsibility. A reliable figure for 1976, which eventually appeared in a small specialist publication, confirmed that the infant mortality rate had indeed jumped to 30.8/1000. The publication of data has recently restarted and figures range from 27.3/1000 in 1980 to 25.1 in 1986. Unless change can be implemented more rapidly and efficiently than in the past, glasnost may have little effect on these high levels of infant mortality.
Are patients with alcohol-related fatty liver at increased risk of coronary heart disease?
Authors: Dong Hyun Sinn, Yong-Han Paik
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2014)

See the Original "Alcoholic fatty liver disease elevates estimated coronary heart disease risk to levels comparable with those of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Korean population: a cross-sectional study" on page 154.
The Mandwa experiment, an alternative strategy.
Authors: N H Antia
Journal: BMJ (1986)

In the early 1970s a study was set up to examine the health problems of a rural community in Maharashtra (India) state and explore ways in which the available medical technology could be applied.  The study area which comprised 30000 people living in 30 villages in the Raigad district of Maharashtra state was chosen as roughly representative of the Indian population 3/4 of whom live in rural areas.  The project known as the Mandwa experiment operated from 1973 to mid-1983.  This article describes how it was set up what was achieved and the problems that were encountered.  The first 2 years were spent looking at the structure of the community and the health problems of the people and ascertaining how the existing public and private health services worked.  The most common health problem was malnutrition which with the poor water supply standard of hygiene and the strain of having to survive took a heavy toll on a population who viewed chronic illness as normal.  The government primary health care service consisted of 2 subcenters and a dispensary with 10 beds.  These units were understaffed and the doctors and nurses were primarily concerned with providing curative services for the leaders and rich members of the community.  The only government health program that was implemented with any success was family planning and the measures used to publicize the program were resented.  Most of the health problems were related to maternal and child health.  The project established a small health center with 10 beds which was used chiefly for obstetric care and emergency treatment.  It took about 3 years to establish the project.  Appreciably increased immunization rates were achieved but this was only after the village health workers had replaced the auxiliary nurse midwives.  This with better hygiene at deliveries resulted in the total elimination of tetanus the 2nd largest cause of death in India.  The number of cases of leprosy detected before the project was 63 over 12 years; at the end of the project this had increased to 161 in the same population and the village health workers ability to screen for leprosy was similar to that of the trained leprosy technicians.  The rate of early detection of tuberculosis was high and by visiting the patients regularly at home the village health workers ensured that treatment with streptomycin was given once the doctor had confirmed the diagnosis.  Deaths from dehydration were virtually eliminated by explaining to mothers how to use oral rehydration using a homemade salt and sugar solution.  For malaria the village health workers took blood smears from patients with fever and then presumptively treated them with chloroquine.  Definitive treatment was provided for patients who yielded positive results on smear testing.  The experience from the Mandwa project suggests that semiliterate and even illiterate villagers can be taught to prevent disease and to recognize and treat it effectively.
National Health Services: Their Impact on Medical Education and Their Role in Prevention
Authors: Clarke W. Mangun
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This book reports a conference that aimed to document the changing pattern of health services and inform conference participants about the health services of other countries. Papers describing health services were presented by knowledgeable representatives from Great Britain, France, Spain, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Yugoslavia, Israel, India, Japan, New Zealand, and the United States. Health services in the Peoples Republic of China were described by Victor W. Sidel, who had recently visited that country. It would have added greatly to the report if information about medical care programs in the Soviet Union and West Germany could have been included. Speakers from the United States presented five papers that briefly described some of the proposals for national health insurance in this country and discussed the problems and philosophy of the role of government in the provision of medical care and the undergraduate and graduate training of physicians. The paper on "National Health
Training posts in medicine and allied specialties.
Authors: R F Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

3) Dr Woodcock's point about the effect of the failure rate had been considered.In any experimentation on human subjects missing data from subject loss tend to occur; there is no way of completely overcoming this problem, either clinically or statistically.We believe our analysis provided the most reasoned assessment of the data by (1) analysing between group failure rates and (2) analysing the exist- ing data while explicitly acknowledging the possible effects of missing data.Furthermore, both sets of data are presented and both show small positive effects for antimicrobials, so there is little chance of the reader beirng misled.
Intensive Treatment for the Elderly
Authors: Valery A. Portnoi
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  I read the article regarding the medical intensive care services for the elderly. The authors stress the high mortality and possible irreversible damage to the quality of life associated with this type of treatment. Hospice care is proposed as perhaps a better alternative. This conclusion is rather surprising and is contradictory, in my opinion, to presented data.  Most studied elderly survivors demanded care that was no more expensive than the younger group. The nonsurvivors required even less expensive care. Most elderly have returned to their homes and continued to live there a year after discharge. The quality of their lives, according to the authors, could not be measured by the study. Therefore, the authors' pessimistic outlook on the value of intensive care for the elderly seems to be based only on the expected observation, ie, higher mortality of the elderly in ICUs.  This observation can be made
Emergency Department Closures in the United States
Authors: Youxin Wang, Wei Wang
Journal: JAMA (2011)

To the Editor: The study by Dr Hsia and colleagues demonstrated that the number of hospital emergency departments (EDs) in nonrural areas declined by 27% from 1990 to 2009, with for-profit ownership, location in a competitive market, safety-net status, and low profit margin associated with increased risk of ED closure. The majority (66%) of the 1041 ED closures were due to the closure of an entire hospital that operated an ED. However, the closure of an entire hospital was not entered into the model as a confounding factor. The risk factors identified in the study might be associated with increased risk of hospital closure but not ED closure. In other studies, forprofit ownership was correlated with the closure of rural community hospitals and urban hospitals. If ED closures due to hospital closure were excluded from the analysis, or the model was adjusted for hospital closure, the factors associated with ED closure might lose statistical significance. Moreover, factors other than for-profit ownership, location in a competitive market, safety-net status, and low profit margin, such as overcrowding, might account for ED closure.
Verbal Medical Orders
Authors: Garrett H. Conner
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Lest Dr. Kinnaird's letter (<b>219</b>:217, 1972) start a grassroots revolt against the practice of signing verbal orders within 24 hours, I would like to advance a very practical rationale for doing it. I am persuaded that there are no infallible doctors or nurses, so I feel that it would behoove the person who gives and is responsible for the verbal order to examine the transcription for correctness. The sooner done, the more protected is the patient. In the acutecare situation it goes without saying that the doctor will be seeing the patient at least every 24 hours and utilizing the chart as well, so that a moment spent glancing at orders and signing what the nurse has written cannot be termed significantly "time-consuming" to consider discarding the practice. I have found it rewarding, many times, to not take anything for granted in the hospital, including the