tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rowing Sylvan Cove
Authors: John L. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Temporal analysis of the antibody response to HIV envelope protein in HIV-infected laboratory workers.
Authors: S H Pincus, K G Messer, P L Nara, W A Blattner, G Colclough, M Reitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Three laboratory workers have been infected with the IIIB strain of HIV; their antibody response to HIV has been studied in serial serum specimens. Because the infecting virus is known, the fine specificity of the antibody response was studied on the homologous strain of HIV. Anti-p17, anti-p24, anti-gp160, CD4/gp120 blocking and neutralizing antibodies developed in parallel. Epitope mapping of the anti-gp160 response indicated several regions that consistently induced an antibody response. Serum contained antibody which reacted with V3-specific peptides corresponding to the very tip of the loop and crossreactivity was seen with V3 loop peptides from other sequence divergent strains of HIV. Antibody to the V1 loop was produced at levels comparable with that seen for the V3-loop. Anti-V1 neutralized HIV with a titration curve equivalent to an anti-V3 monoclonal antibody. Because the infecting virus is known and serial reisolates have been obtained, we explored the relationship between production of antibody to a given epitope and mutation in the virus. The data suggest that an association exists, but do not clearly indicate that antibody drives the selection for mutant viruses. The findings presented here provide a fine specificity analysis of the evolution of the antibody response to HIV in greater detail than has previously been performed.
Long-Term Survival After High-Dose Salvage Chemotherapy for Germ Cell Malignancies With Adverse Prognostic Variables
Authors: Daniel A. Vaena, Rafat Abonour, Lawrence H. Einhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Independent prognostic variables for patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) as salvage modality for germ cell tumors (GCT) were previously described, and a score was created. Patients with more than 2 points had a poor prognosis. However, these data were from patients treated from 1984 to 1993, and most received a single HDCT course. In this study, we evaluated outcomes at Indiana University and determined the applicability of the Beyer score to contemporary poor-risk patients.We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who received salvage HDCT between 1988 and 2001 and had at least one of the following characteristics: platinum-refractory or absolutely platinum-refractory GCT, primary mediastinal nonseminomatous GCT (PMNSGCT), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) > or = 1,000 mU/mL or alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) > or = 1,000 ng/mL before HDCT. Primary end points were overall and 2-year failure-free survival (FFS).Eighty patients were identified. Fifty-six were platinum refractory, 23 had a Beyer score greater than 2, and 13 had PMNSGCT. Fifty-six patients received two HDCT courses. HDCT included carboplatin and etoposide. Forty-three patients received HDCT as first salvage modality. Median overall survival was 14.7 months. The 2-year FFS was 32%. No relapses have occurred after 2 years from HDCT. Patients with greater than 2 points in the Beyer score, platinum-refractory patients, and patients with HCG > or = 1,000 mU/mL, AFP > or = 1,000 ng/mL, and PMNSGCT had 2-year FFS of 30%, 37%, 26%, 18%, and 0%, respectively.Results with PMNSGCT remained poor. However, other patients with poor prognosis should not be denied an attempt at curative salvage HDCT.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Substance P Regulate the Intestinal Radiation Response
Authors: Junru Wang, Xiaohua Qiu, Ashwini Kulkarni, Martin Hauer-Jensen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Intestinal toxicity is important in the therapeutic use of radiation as well as in nontherapeutic radiation exposure scenarios. Enteric sensory nerves are critical for mucosal homeostasis and for an appropriate response to injury. This study assessed the role of the two major neuropeptides released by sensory nerves, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, in the intestinal radiation response. Experimental Design: Male rats received full-length CGRP, CGRP antagonist (CGRP8-37), a modified substance P peptide (GR73632), a small-molecule substance P receptor antagonist (neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, SR140333), or vehicle for 2 weeks after localized X irradiation of a 4-cm loop of small bowel. Structural, cellular, and molecular aspects of the intestinal radiation response were assessed. Results: Intestinal CGRP and substance P transcript levels increased after irradiation. Multivariate analysis showed that CGRP and SR140333 ameliorated and CGRP8-37 and GR73632 exacerbated intestinal radiation injury. Univariate analysis revealed increased radiation injury score, bowel wall thickening, and collagen III deposition after treatment with CGRP8-37, whereas SR140333 ameliorated radiation injury score, loss of mucosal surface area, collagen III deposition, and mucosal inflammation. Conclusions: The two major neuropeptides released by sensory neurons, CGRP and substance P, are overexpressed after irradiation and have opposing effects during development of intestinal radiation injury. Systematic studies to assess CGRP agonists and/or neurokinin-1 receptor blockers as protectors against intestinal toxicity during radiation therapy and after nontherapeutic radiation exposure are warranted.
Temperature monitoring during radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures using closed loop control. Atakr Multicenter Investigators Group.
Authors: H Calkins, E Prystowsky, M Carlson, L S Klein, J P Saul, P Gillette
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate electrode temperatures obtained using a radiofrequency ablation system that incorporates closed loop feedback control to achieve preset target electrode temperatures and to determine if closed loop temperature control results in a lower incidence of developing a coagulum.Two hundred seventy patients underwent catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, an accessory pathway, and/or the atrioventricular junction using an ablation system incorporating closed loop feedback control. Forty-five patients underwent catheter ablation in the power control mode in which power output was fixed, and 225 patients underwent catheter ablation in the temperature control mode. A coagulum occurred during 0.8% of radiofrequency applications in the temperature control mode versus 2.2% in the power control mode (P < .01). Electrode temperatures were within 10 degrees C of the targeted temperature during 35% of applications in the temperature control mode. Ability to achieve the targeted electrode temperature was related to the target, with radiofrequency energy applications at the atrioventricular junction resulting in the highest temperatures (70 +/- 12 degrees C) and those for ablation of the atrioventricular node the lowest (59 +/- 11 degrees C, P < .001), using a maximum of 50 W of power for both. Electrode temperatures were higher during ablation of left free wall and posteroseptal pathways than during ablation of right free wall and septal pathways. The mean and minimum temperatures associated with success were 64 +/- 12 degrees C and 44 degrees C, respectively. Overall, the electrode temperatures at successful and unsuccessful ablation sites did not differ (P > .05).Temperature monitoring with closed loop control of power output facilitates radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures by minimizing the probability of developing a coagulum while ensuring maximum lesion formation.
Health Outcomes Associated With Antihypertensive Therapies Used as First-Line Agents&lt;subtitle&gt;A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Bruce M. Psaty
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To review the scientific evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of various antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents and evaluated in terms of major disease end points.MEDLINE searches and previous meta-analyses for 1980 to 1995.We selected long-term studies that assessed major disease end points as an outcome. For the meta-analysis, we chose placebo-controlled randomized trials. For randomized trials using surrogate end points such as blood pressure, we selected the largest studies that evaluated multiple drugs. Where clinical trial evidence was lacking, we relied on information from observational studies.Diuretics and beta-blockers have been evaluated in 18 long-term randomized trials. Compared with placebo, beta-blocker therapy was effective in preventing stroke (relative risk [RR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.86) and congestive heart failure (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40-0.84). The findings were similar for high-dose diuretic therapy (for stroke, RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.39-0.62; and for congestive heart failure, RR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.07-0.41). Low-dose diuretic therapy prevented not only stroke (RR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.55-0.78) and congestive heart failure (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44-0.76) but also coronary disease (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.61-0.85) and total mortality (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99). Although calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients, the clinical trial evidence in terms of health outcomes is meager. For several short-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, the available evidence suggests the possibility of harm. Whether the long-acting formulations and the nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are safe and prevent major cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension remains untested and therefore unknown.Until the results of large long-term clinical trials evaluating the effects of calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors on cardiovascular disease incidence are completed, the available scientific evidence provides strong support for the current national guidelines, which recommend diuretics and beta-blockers as firstline agents and low-dose therapy for all antihypertensive agents.
Hepatoma in a young adult: to biopsy or not to biopsy?
Authors: C Brenner
Journal: Gut (2003)

A 23 year old woman presented with a four month history of epigastric pain, abdominal distention, nausea, and occasional bloodstained vomiting. She had lost 7 kg in weight. She had a complex cardiac history requiring cardiac surgery for tricuspid atresia at the age of three years and again when she was 20 years.

When she was 16 years, she was diagnosed as being hepatitis C positive. Her medications included warfarin.

Significant clinical findings included the presence of jaundice without other stigmata of chronic liver disease. She had a systolic murmur with normal metallic sounds from the prosthetic mitral valve. A pacemaker was in situ. She had right upper quadrant tenderness with a palpable liver edge.

Liver function tests revealed a bilirubin level of 79 μmol/l (normal range 0–17), alkaline phosphatase of 834 u/l (30–130), and alanine transaminase of 193 u/l (0–31). Haemoglobin concentration was 8.7 g/dl (12–16). International normalised ratio was 10. Viral serology was positive for hepatitis C only. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) measured 11 000 units/l (normal range 0–7). Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-HCG) levels were not elevated. Other laboratory tests were within normal limits.

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed diffuse haemorrhagic gastritis and large oesophageal varices. …
The world is round
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

“The JVP is a unicorn—a myth.” All eyes turned to me. I knew it was mistake, a heinous blasphemy. There then followed an unholy medical inquisition. Despite my heresy I still religiously teach students how to test for jugular venous pressure, but when I suggest that it may be of highly limited value their eyes narrow suspiciously. For the JVP test is part of the holy scripture passed down through generations of doctors: the clinical examination.

But much of …
NICE issues new guidelines for patients with heart failure
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

All patients suspected of having heart failure should undergo echocardiography to diagnose the condition and should be offered angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors if they have left ventricular dysfunction, guidance issued this week by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) says.

The guidance is designed to clarify the best practice for health professionals caring for adult patients who have or who are suspected of having heart failure. It recommends full evaluation of patients using 12 lead electrocardiography or testing for …
Deal with self harm in prisons
Authors: R P Rowlands
Journal: BMJ (1995)

part of the table or of : 20 in total indicates that the person is in imminent danger and should not be left alone; 14-19 (high risk) indicates that another meeting should be fixed soon; 6-11 (moderate risk) indicates that another meeting should be fixed; and 1-5 (slight risk) or 0 in the first part of the table (no suicidal intent) indicates that the volunteer should hear the person out and let him or her go unless there are other reasons to meet again.Scoring table used to assess risk ofsuicide Choose onefigure to score suicideplan Chief indicator of immediate risk: Imminent sudden death 8 Imminent slow method of suicide 7 Future sudden death planned 6 Future slow method of suicide planned 5 Planning suicide "gamble" 4 Planning suicidal gesture 3 Definite suicidal thoughts but no plan 2 Toying vaguely with idea ofsuicide I No suicidal thoughts 0 Addpoinusfor every relevant item, mosdy the long termfactors Previous suicidal acts or gestures S 4 Recent broken relationship 3 Isolation.Rejection 3 (each) No hope.Loss offaith 3 (each) Depressive illness 3 Dependence on alcohol or drugs 2 Possession of means of suicide 2 Putting affairs in order 2 Over 60.Male.Ill.Chronic pain 1 (each)
DEEP-SEATED LIPOMAS
Authors: EDWIN P. LEHMAN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Lipoma is encountered by every clinician so frequently in one site, the subcutaneous tissues, that the possibility of its occurrence in other areas is easily forgotten. For that reason a brief report is here made of four cases of simple lipoma situated in and beneath the muscles.  Intramuscular lipoma is exceedingly rare. Less than forty cases have been recorded. 1 Submuscular and intermuscular lipoma occurs somewhat more frequently. Pichler believes that intramuscular lipoma is more frequent than it is ordinarily considered. We are not considering, it is to be remembered, the impure types of lipoma, such as the lipomyxoma, which may be malignant and invade the musculature. 2   The history and examination of the ordinary subcutaneous lipoma usually permits but one diagnosis. In at least three of the present series, the deep situation led to confusion, so that, although lipoma was a suggested diagnosis, it was considered only as an
Abstract OT3-3-01: Eniluracil + 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin (EFL) <i>vs.</i> capecitabine phase 2 trial for metastatic breast cancer
Authors: E Rivera, JC Chang, V Semiglazov, V Gorbunova, A Manikhas, D Krasnozhon, G Kirby, T Spector
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Based on a modified dosing protocol designed to optimize efficacy, an open-label EFL vs. capecitabine (4:3 randomization) Phase 2 trial for metastatic breast cancer is in progress. Eniluracil inactivates dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, thereby preventing the formation of α-fluoro-β-alanine, and conferring 100% oral bioavailability and a 5 hr half-life on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Study drugs are administered orally for 1st- or 2nd-line treatment for metastatic disease in patients previously treated with an anthracycline and a taxane. Arm 1: eniluracil (40 mg) taken 11–16 hr before 5-FU (30 mg/m2); leucovorin (30 mg) taken with 5-FU and the next day. The regimen is administered once/week for 3 weeks/4 weeks. Arm 2: capecitabine (1000 mg/m2) taken bid for 14 days/21days. Arm 2 patients with disease progression could crossover to take EFL in Arm X. Two sites in the USA and 19 in Russia are enrolling. Currently, 115 patients (21% are 1st-line, 70% had previous 5-FU treatment) are enrolled and 83 have had tumor assessments. EFL was well tolerated with no unexpected toxicities. As of May 2012, there were 11, 7, &amp; 1 partial responses in Arms 1, 2, &amp; X, respectively. The primary endpoint, progression-free survival, will be determined approximately 7.5 months after the trial is enrolled with 140 evaluable patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-3-01.
Tumors of Smooth-Muscle Origin in HIV-Infected Children
Authors: Ellen Gould Chadwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We report the occurrence of multiple leiomyomata and leiomyosarcomata in three children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The children were infected with human immunodeficiency virus as infants (one perinatally and two through transfusions) and each was profoundly immunosuppressed (absolute CD4 cell count, &lt;75/mm<sup>3</sup>). They experienced multiple infections prior to the diagnosis of neoplasms at ages 4, 5, and 8 years, respectively. The tumors in each case were mainly involving the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. The smooth-muscle origin of the tumors was proved by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining for muscle-specific actin and desmin. Leiomyomata and leiomyosarcomata are rare tumors in childhood, suggesting a nonrandom association of tumors of smooth-muscle origin and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We postulate that human immunodeficiency virus infection may play a direct or indirect role in tumor formation. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:3182-3184)
798 TLR2 LIGAND PAM3CSK4 INHIBITS PEPTIDE-INDUCED DELETION OF CD8 T CELLS TO VIRAL ANTIGENS IN MOUSE MODEL
Authors: Z. Ma, E. Zhang, X. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. Lin, J. Wu, A. Kosinska, U. Dittmer, M. Roggendorf, D. Yang, M. Lu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
No effect of free fatty acids on adrenocorticotropin and cortisol secretion in healthy young men
Authors: Knut Mai, Thomas Bobbert, Volker Kullmann, Janin Andres, Volker Bähr, Christiane Maser-Gluth, Helmut Rochlitz, Jochen Spranger, Ssven Diederich, Andreas F.H. Pfeiffer
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
The beauty in browsing
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Farnesylation of the activated <i>ras</i> oncogene product by protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) is a critical step for its oncogenic function. Because squalene synthase and FTase recruit farnesyl pyrophosphate as a common substrate, we modified squalene synthase (SS) inhibitors to develop FTase inhibitors. Among the compounds tested, a novel FTase inhibitor termed J-104,871 inhibited rat brain FTase with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 3.9 nm in the presence of 0.6 μm farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), whereas it scarcely inhibited rat brain protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I or SS. The <i>in vitro</i> inhibition of rat brain FTase by J-104,871 depends on the FPP concentration but not on the concentration of Ras peptide. Thus, <i>in vitro</i> studies strongly suggest that J-series compounds have an FPP-competitive nature. J-104,871 also inhibited Ras processing in activated H<i>-</i>ras<i>-</i>transformed NIH3T3 cells with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 3.1 μm. We tested the effects of lovastatin and zaragozic acid A, which modify cellular FPP levels, on Ras processing of J-104,871. Lovastatin, a hepatic hydroxymenthyl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor that reduced the cellular FPP pool, increased the activity of J-104,871, whereas 3 μmzaragozic acid A, an SS inhibitor that raised the FPP level, completely abrogated the activity of J-104,871 even at 100 μm. These results suggest that J-104,871 inhibits FTase in an FPP-competitive manner in whole cells as well as in the <i>in vitro</i> system. Furthermore, J-104,871 suppressed tumor growth in nude mice transplanted with activated H<i>-</i>ras<i>-</i>transformed NIH3T3 cells.
Nramp1, Nramp2 AND TfR2 gene alterations in iron overload in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)
Authors: Diego Sanchez, Juan Manuel Romero-Gomez, Francisca Gonzalez-Escribano, Marco Montes, Victor Manuel Castellano-Megias, Lourdes Gomez, Juan Carlos Alcon, Antonio Robles, Antonio Nunez-Roldan, Lourdes Grande, Manuel Castro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)