tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions of the oral cavity: epidemiology and aetiology
Authors: Newell W. Johnson, Prasanna Jayasekara, A. A. Hemantha K. Amarasinghe
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2011)

People diagnosed with malignant neoplasms often feel afraid and alone.However, cancer is largely an avoidable disease, and studies have shown that more than two-thirds of cancer deaths may be prevented through lifestyle modification, early detection and effective treatment.The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that nearly 12.7 million new cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths occurred worldwide in 2008 ( 27).Oral cancers are malignant neoplasms that affect the structures or tissues of the mouth.They may be a primary lesion that originated in the mouth, a metastasis from a distant site, or an extension from an adjoining site.In quoting detailed epidemiological data, it is necessary to distinguish between these origins, and to ascertain which structures are included, e.g. the vermillion borders of the lips are sometimes included and sometimes not.Globally, Ôoral cancerÕ is the eighth most common cause of cancer-related deaths, although many people are unaware of its existence (91).Of these oral cancers, more than 90% are squamous cell carcinomas arising in the mucous membranes of the mouth and oropharynx.shown in Fig. 2 (27).The rates range from < 1 ⁄ 100,000 per annum (for female subjects in parts of Africa, Eastern Asia and some Pacific Island nations) to a high of 29.1 ⁄ 100,000 per annum (males in Melanesia).These rates illustrate the marked global variability in oral cancer incidence, (136) and Lung (a) Male Female (b) Breast Cervix uteri Colorectum
Human Subjects Research: A Handbook for Institutional Review Boards.
Authors: Robert A. Greenwald, Mary Kay Ryan, James E. Mulvihill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

trate osseous trauma of the extremities, thorax, and pelvis with surprising breadth and clarity for the 128 pages used. The chapter on the analysis of the plain film of the abdomen by the editor seems out of phase with much of the book, as it centers on illustrating radiographic signs, rather than emergency conditions. The book ends with a 48-page resi¬ dent quiz that contains a few very poor images or image reproductions. Without stating its intended au¬ dience, the title of the last chapter gives the inference that the book's chief value is probably in preparing residents in diagnostic radiology for their role regarding the emergency patients commonly encountered in the hospital, emergency room, and shock trauma setting. The second edition of The Radiolo¬ gy of Emergency Medicine by Drs J. H. Harris and W. H. Harris (Balti¬ more, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1981) will probably be found superior by most residents in presenting ER radi¬ ology. The Radiologie Management of the Massively Traumatized Patient by Dr R. J. Ayella (Baltimore, Wil¬ liams & Wilkins Co, 1978) is not displaced by this book as the classic text of trauma center radiology. Both books have a more consistent, read¬ able approach to their defined sub¬ jects, as well as larger sized and equal
Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients Using Immune Receptor Sequencing
Authors: Malek Faham, Maddalena Paganin, Giulia Fabbri, Elisa Magrin, Emanuela Giarin, Valentino Conter, Maurizio Arico, Francois Pepin, Victoria Carlton, Giuseppe Basso
Journal: Blood (2013)
Personal paper: New drug treatment for Alzheimer's disease: lessons for healthcare policy
Authors: D. Melzer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The launch of donepezil (Aricept), a specific treatment for patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease, attracted intense interest. Clinicians and others were quoted in the media as being optimistic about the drug's effectiveness, but concerned that NHS funding would be withheld or uneven. However, reaching consensus on the clinical rather than statistical importance of this drug requires open debate, given the relatively small effect sizes and uncertainty over side effects in typical patients. Debate has been hampered because publication of the full results of the main clinical trials has been delayed. This episode highlights several issues of general policy importance that must be resolved if access to the information needed for clinical and other decision making is to be improved.

Alzheimer's disease is a common and devastating condition, and the launch of a specific treatment naturally attracted intense interest. The new drug, donepezil (Aricept), an anticholinesterase agent, was licensed in the United States in December 1996, with reports that it had produced “highly significant improvements in cognitive and clinical global assessments” in randomised trials lasting 30 weeks and had increased the proportion of “treatment successes” by 245%.1

The drug's launch three months later in the United Kingdom was greeted with optimism. The lay press quoted eminent clinicians as saying that donepezil “marks a sea change” in management of dementia,2 that it should be seen as “a way to alleviate the burden of a terrible disease,” and that it would “give hope to many people and their carers.”3 Several clinicians voiced fears about funding, including a comment that “we must make sure health authorities do not try to hold back.”2 One respected journalist even suggested that inability to fund treatments like donepezil could result in a mass move of all but the poor into private medical …
Charaka-Samhita. Translated into English
Authors: Caraka, Avinash Chandra Kaviratna
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The significance of erythrocyte antigen site density
Authors: Leon W. Hoyer, Norma C. Trabold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The importance of antigen site density has been studied by means of a model passive hemolysis system using red cells coupled with sulfanilic acid groups. Relative site numbers were estimated from the covalent linkage of sulfanilic acid-(35)S to red cell membrane protein, and the effective antigen site number was determined with (125)I-labeled rabbit IgG anti-sulfanilic acid (anti-S). Immune hemolysis was demonstrated for red cells which had greater than a threshold number of antigen sites, the value of which was different for normal human cells (80,000 sites/cell), cells from a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) (40,000 sites/cell), and sheep red blood cells (RBC) (15,000 sites/cell). Cells with antigen site densities below these values did not hemolyze when tested with 1 mg/ml purified rabbit IgM anti-S. 2-8 times greater antigen site densities were required to obtain hemolysis with IgG anti-S. Above the threshold value, hemolysis titers were proportional to the antigen site number until maximal values were obtained. The greater hemolytic efficiency of IgM antibody was demonstrated in this system, and it was established that the magnitude of the difference was related to the test cell antigen site density. These data, taken with previously reported hemagglutination studies, have been used to develop a general classification of immune hemolysis and hemagglutination based on antigen site density and antibody class. It is suggested that the heterogeneity of blood group systems is caused by differences in the site separation of erythrocyte membrane antigens.
RAPID RESPONSES FROM BMJ.COM
Authors: Daniel C Vinson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

As of November 19, 2003, this paper had generated 28 Rapid Responses, which can be read in their entirety at http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/eletters/327/7414/536. Following are edited excerpts.—Editor 

Beich and colleagues' study is an example of the prevention paradox, that few patients personally benefit from preventive interventions. Although there are fewer studies [demonstrating] that brief alcohol interventions change patients' health outcomes than [there are] in pharmacotherapy for cholesterol, screening for alcohol problems is neither more nor less caught in that paradox.

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Two of the 8 studies that form part of the meta-analysis were mine (Scott and Anderson 1990, Anderson and Scott 1992). There are substantive errors in the numbers extracted from these studies and reported by the authors in tables 1, 2, and 3…. The authors confuse research studies with normal practice, which affects their estimates of the screening effect, thus leading to flawed conclusions…. But even without these errors, the conclusions by the authors are based on other erroneous assumptions….

Health screening in general practice is not just about alcohol. It is about smoking, overweight, raised blood pressure, etc. So the utility of screening has to be based on broader assumptions. A general practice can target its methods …
813. Ecdysone Receptor-Based Inducible Gene Regulation System for Simultaneous Regulation of Multiple Genes
Authors: Prasanna Kumar, Anand K. Katakam, Subba R. Palli, Mohan Kumar, Henry Hoff, Dean E. Cress
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

An ecdysone receptor (EcR)-based inducible gene regulation system that functions in mammalian cells in a tightly regulated fashion is described. This gene switch functions efficiently in a two-hybrid format in which heterologous DNA binding and transcription activation domains are fused to the two heterodimeric receptor partners EcR and RXR. Extensive mutagenesis of the ecdysone receptor along with the development and screening of a large number of non-steroid ligands has resulted in the discovery of several orthogonal ligand-receptor pairs. Receptor mutants were obtained that are activated at low nanomolar concentrations of the ligand. The different components of the gene switch were assembled into a two-vector format or into a single cassette all-in-one vector for expression of genes of interest. Different ecdysone receptor mutants were fused to different DNA binding domains to create several independently acting gene switch combinations (multiplex). The orthogonal nature of the ligand-receptor pairs was demonstrated in reporter assays of two-channel gene switch combinations. Experiments will be presented to demonstrate that the multiplex gene switch system works independently in single cells in response to different ligands. The utility of this system in gene therapy applications will be discussed.
Alzheimer disease PS-1 exon 9 deletion defined
Authors: Guy Prihar, Auli Verkkoniem, Jordi Perez-Tur, Richard Crook, Sarah Lincoln, Henry Houlden, Mirja Somer, Anders Paetau, Hannu Kalimo, Andrew Grover, Liisa Myllykangas, Mike Hutton, John Hardy, Matti Haltia
Journal: Nature Medicine (1999)
CCR7/CCL21 receptor ligand system may play a role in the lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cristina M.M. Campofiorito, Flavia R.R. Mangone, Fátima S. Pasini, Simone Maistro, Karen C.S. Brunialti, Igor M.L. Snitcovsky, Carlos N. Lehn, Fernando Walder, Marcos B. Carvalho, Mitzi Brentani, Miriam H. Federico
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A62   Introduction: Chemokine receptor-ligand interactions may influence the spread of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (Oral SCC) to regional lymph nodes, known to be the most important determinant of mortality in this disease.Methods: In this work, we have analyzed, by Ribonuclease Protection Assay (Riboquant RPA system, BD), the mRNA expression of chemokine receptor CCR7, in fragments of 38 primary tumors (T) and 9 lymph node (LN) metastases. The mRNA expression level of the CCR7 ligands, CCL19 and CCL21, was determined by real time quantitative polimerase chain reaction in 10 fragments of T and in 10 metastatic LN. The tumors were categorized as positive or negative for CCR7 according to tumor median mRNA expression and correlated with patient outcomes, evaluated by Kaplan Meier curves and log rank test.Results: Metastatic LN, as compared to matched primary tumors, expressed higher CCR7 mRNA levels: (LN:0.080 ∓ 0.092  vs  0.008 ∓ 0.015:T, p=0.030, T test). In relation to CCR7 ligands, we observed a trend toward increased CCL21 mRNA expression in the LN metastasis as compared to primary tumors (LN: 3.16 ∓ 3.65  vs  0.53 ∓ 0.54:T, p=0.059). No differences concerning CCL19 expression were detected. In patients (n=23) presenting with CCR7 negative tumors, we found a superior median disease free (20.7  vs  7.0 months, p=0.049) and overall survival (34.6  vs  11.6 months, p=0.024) as compared to CCR7 positive tumors (n=15).Conclusion: The results suggest that the CCR7/CCL21 receptor ligand system may play a role in the lymph node metastasis of Oral SCC and that CCR7 expression is a candidate marker of unfavorable outcome. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results. Supported by FAPESP 2005/04134-5 and CAPES.
Circulating MicroRNAs: a novel class of biomarkers to diagnose and monitor human cancers
Authors: Ke Zen, Chen‐Yu Zhang
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2010)

Abstract Specific and sensitive non‐invasive biomarkers for the detection of human epithelial malignancies are urgently required to reduce the worldwide morbidity and mortality caused by cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19–24 nt noncoding RNAs that are frequently dysregulated in cancer and have shown great promise as tissue‐based markers for cancer classification. Once thought to be unstable RNA molecules, miRNAs are now shown to be stably expressed in serum, plasma, urine, saliva, and other body fluids. Moreover, the unique expression patterns of these circulating miRNAs are correlated with certain human diseases, including various types of cancer. Therefore, tumor‐derived miRNAs in serum or plasma are emerging as novel blood‐based fingerprints for the detection of human cancers, especially at an early stage. This review presented newly uncovered cellular and molecular mechanisms of the sources and stability of circulating miRNAs, revealing their great potential as a class of highly specific and sensitive biomarkers for tumor classification and prognostication. Meanwhile, this review also addressed certain critical issues that hinder the wide application of this new approach. Some potential challenges for the transition of circulating miRNAs from a research setting to a clinical application were also highlighted, with a future perspective of the incorporation of circulating miRNAs in the field of clinical oncology, especially their great potential from diagnostic to prognostic and predictive applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
Inhibition of post-ischemic brain injury by clusterin overexpression
Authors: Philippe Wehrli, Yves Charnay, Philippe Vallet, Guang Zhu, Judith Harmony, Bruce Aronow, Jürg Tschopp, Constantin Bouras, Isabelle Viard-Leveugle, Lars E. French, Panteleimon Giannakopoulos
Journal: Nature Medicine (2001)
An alcoholic patient who continues to drink: case presentation
Authors: Stuart McPherson, Colin John Rees
Journal: BMJ (2006)

management to prevent relapse and optimise functioning.Lithium carbonate has long been the main long-term drug and there is reasonable evidence that it is effective, particularly in preventing manic episodes. 5 Lithium also appears to have an antisuicidal effect in mood disorders.w8 More recently, fashion and convenience have lead to an increase in the prescribing of valproate, and the evidence for this drug is now accumulating. 4The BALANCE trial comparing lithium, valproate, and combination therapy with lithium plus valproate is currently under way (http:// cebmh.warne.ox.ac.uk/balance/balance1/index.html).In general the long term drug treatment of bipolar disorder is under-researched, and many drugs, particularly antiepileptics and unproved combinations, are used off-licence and with little evidence of efficacy.Psychosocial interventions such as family psychoeducation, cognitive behaviour therapy, and symptom recognition training are promising, although the evidence is still fairly limited. 3 The optimal long term management of bipolar disorder remains a specialist activity entailing expert psychopharmacological management, psychosocial interventions, and self management.Evidence is emerging that specific collaborative disease management programmes may improve outcomes.w9
640. E1 Bp-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocytes Are Highly Induced in the Liver and Spleen Eight Days after Adenoviral Infection
Authors: Jian Chen, Sylvia A. McPherson, Allan Zajac, Hui-Chen Hsu, Qi Wu, Pingar Yang, Xin Xu, David T. Curiel, John D. Mountz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Top of pageAbstract
The use of Adenovirus (Ad) as a gene delivery vector is limited by transient gene expression due to the host cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and innate responses. We and others have shown that the cytotoxic response to Ad is only partially inhibited by administration of Ad to mutant mice deficient in producing a cytotoxic immune response, or by treatment with TNF inhibitors. However, analysis of the specific CTL response to Ad has not been possible due to the lack of reagents that recognize the rearranged T cell receptor expressed on Ad-specific cytotoxic T cells. We therefore developed a tetramer that recognizes the immunodominant epitope of E1B (192 VNIRNCCYI), referred to as E1Bp, in the context of class Ib MHC. The tetramer consists of H2-Db, β2-microglobulin and the peptide epitope, and is referred to as Db-E1Bp. First, to test the specificity of this peptide-MHC complex, C57BL/6 (H-2b; B6) mice were injected with 8×108i.u. of wild type (wt) Ad5. As a control, wt Ad5 injected DBA/2 (H-2d; D2) were analyzed. Lymphocytes (105 )isolated 8 days later from spleen or liver were restimulated with E1Bp in vitro and analyzed for IFN-γ production by an ELISPOT assay. There was a significant increase in spots (6 and 63 spots, respectively) compared to cells stimulated with human influenza virus peptide M1(58 GILGFVFTL) (0 spot, p 98%) of the Db-E1Bp+CD8+ T cells are CD44+. No Db-E1Bp+CD8+ T cells were found in immunized D2 or naive B6 mice. To determine peptide-specific lysis of target cells in vivo, we labeled target cells from syngeneic mice with either high (2μM; CFSEHi) or low (0.2μM; CFSELo) concentration of CFSE and then pulsed CFSEHi cells with E1Bp and CFSELo cells remained unpulsed. Target cells were adoptively transferred into B6 or D2 mice that were challenged 8 days earlier with wt Ad5, and the percentage of specific killing was determined 6 hours later. As a peptide specificity control, CFSEHi cells pulsed with M1 peptide and unpulsed CFSELo cells were transferred to identically immunized B6 mice. E1Bp-specific lysis was significantly increased in B6 mice compared to control mice or immunized D2 mice (p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between E1Bp-specific lysis and the frequency of Db-E1Bp+ CD8+ T cells in B6 mice (p<0.01). We next used these methods to measure the decreased Ad-specific CTL response in aged mice. Compared with 2-mo-old mice, there was a 30% decrease in killing efficiency in 18-mo-old mice and a 58% decrease in Db-E1Bp+CD8+ T cells. Our results indicate that this tetramer is novel, sensitive and specific tool to detect and follow the E1Bp-specific CTL response against Ad infection.
Understanding Human Nature.
Authors: Alfred Adler
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular Phylogenetics and Functional Evolution of Major RNA Recognition Domains of Recently Cloned and Characterized Autoimmune RNA-Binding Particle
Authors: Erhan Süleymanoğlu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2003)

Abstract Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are spliceosomal macromolecular assemblages and thus actively participate in pre-mRNA metabolism. They are composed of evolutionarily conserved and tandemly repeated motifs, where both RNA-binding and protein-protein recognition occur to achieve cellular activities. By yet unknown mechanisms, these ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles are targeted by autoantibodies and hence play significant role in a variety of human systemic autoimmune diseases. This feature makes them important prognostic markers in terms of molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Since RNP domain is one of the most conserved and widespread scaffolds, evolutionary analyses of these RNA-binding domains can provide further clues on disease-specific epitope formation. The study presented herein represents a sequence comparison of RNA-recognition regions of recently cloned and characterized human hnRNP A3 with those of other relevant hnRNP A/B-type proteins. Their implications in human autoimmunity are particularly emphasized.
Initial experience using the transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system for vitreoretinal surgery1 1The new Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy System is disclosed to Bausch &amp; Lomb Surgical, St. Louis, MO. The Microsurgery Advanced Design Laboratory (MADLAB) may receive royalties related to the sale of this and other instruments mentioned in the article.
Authors: Gildo Y Fujii, Eugene de Juan, Mark S Humayun, Tom S Chang, Dante J Pieramici, Aaron Barnes, David Kent
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)