tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in control of cutaneous blood flow.
Authors: J P Cooke, M A Creager, P J Osmundson, J T Shepherd
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Women are far more likely than men to suffer from Raynaud's disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are gender differences in local or central control of cutaneous blood flow that could account for the increased incidence of Raynaud's disease in women. To assess cutaneous blood flow, hand blood flow (HBF), finger blood flow (FBF), or skin perfusion (SP) was measured by fluid plethysmography, mercury strain-gauge plethysmography, or laser Doppler spectroscopy, respectively, in 47 volunteers. Basal HBF in men exceeded that of women (12.1 +/- 2.0 versus 6.2 +/- 1.5 ml/100 ml/min). Likewise, FBF in men surpassed that of women (19.5 +/- 4.1 versus 7.7 +/- 1.8 ml/100 ml/min). Similarly, SP in men was greater than that of women (270 +/- 42 versus 81 +/- 16 perfusion units). However, after total body warming (to induce a thermal sympatholysis), HBF in women exceeded that of men, suggesting that the lower basal HBF in women was due to increased sympathetic outflow to the extremities. Mental stress and deep inspiration reduced HBF and SP in men. Paradoxically, both of these maneuvers increased HBF and SP in women. To determine whether these paradoxical responses in women were due to the women's elevated basal sympathetic tone, these experiments were repeated after total body cooling in men to increase sympathetic tone and after total body warming in women to reduce sympathetic tone. Total body cooling reduced HBF and SP in men. Under these conditions, mental stress and deep inspiration induced vasodilation. In women, total body warming for 10 minutes increased HBF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Histochemical study of the 'electrolyte-steroid-cardiopathy with necrosis' (ESCN) in rats
Authors: E. Horvath, A. Somogyi, K. Kovacs
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

In rats, 9α-fluorocortisol + Na2HPO4 + corn oil, given conjointly, induce cardiac necrosis accompanied by histochemical alterations in both damaged and unimpaired areas. Results suggest that changes in membrane permeability and lipid metabolism, as well as intracellular calcium deposition, leading to the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, are implicated in this cardiopathy.
Results of Treatment in Carcinoma of Colon and Rectum
Authors: E. G. Muir
Journal: BMJ (1956)

modified one.On the other hand, the incidence of bad effects was only slightly higher with the standard opera- tion.It is emphasized that the assessment of the value of a leucotomy operation to the patient is a subjective one whoever makes it; and it is pointed out that in the past the patients' opinion has tended to take second place to that of the medical investigator.We would like to thank our colleagues at the National Hospi- tal for letting us see and investigate all their patients who came to leucotomy over the time covered by this study, and for their permission to publish the results of this investigation.One of us (A.E.) has been supported by the Medical
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Maltese Islands
Authors: D. Vella Briffa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Maltese Islands Get access D. Vella Briffa D. Vella Briffa Dermatology Department, Boffa Hospital, Malta G.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue 3, 1 September 1985, Pages 370–371, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02094.x Published: 01 September 1985
Abstract 758: Development of novel anticancer agents based on fusarochromanone
Authors: Elahe Mahdavian, Bonnie Buckley, Matthew Sermons, John L. Clifford, Brian D. Furmanski, Brian A. Salvatore
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer is the leading disease-related killer in the US, and therefore there is tremendous need for effective new chemotherapeutic treatments. The ultimate goal of this research project is to discover and develop novel chemotherapeutic agents of more potency and less toxicity for treatment of cancer patients. Increasingly, researchers are attempting to optimize bioactive natural products in order to enhance their efficacy and minimize their toxicity. The primary goal of this research is to develop novel anti-cancer agents based on fusarochromanone (FC101a), a natural mycotoxin with potent anti-angiogenic and direct anti- tumor activity. Like most other bioactive natural compounds, the potency of FC101a is compromised in-vivo, suggesting rapid metabolism and/or poor bioavailability and distribution. Clearly, further development of FC101a as a chemotherapeutic drug requires that we complete its total synthesis, as well as the synthesis of a series of structural analogs that may show greater in-vivo potency. The creation of the parent FC101a and its analogs will allow for the analysis of quantitative structure/activity relationships (QSAR), using both in-vitro cellular and in-vivo animal models of tumorigenesis. Our research group has already synthesized a series of simplified FC101 analogs without the side chain, and we have conducted preliminary assays to determine the effect of these analogs on in-vitro cancer-cell viability and proliferation. In contrast to the parent compound, most of these new synthetic analogs that lack the side chain found in the natural product have increased cell viability and proliferation for all cell lines tested. This sharp contrast in activity indicates that the FC101 side chain is required for the anti-cancer and angiogenic activity of this molecule. Although the stimulation of proliferation may have profound applications (e.g., the stimulation of stem cell growth), we are focusing our current research efforts on the natural product itself as well as new side chain analogs that may find direct application in the treatment of cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 758.
Congenital Deformities of the Hand and Forearm
Authors: Bradford Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To review in depth Kelikian's encyclopedic<i>Congenital Deformities of the Hand and Forearm</i>is not feasible. For the author to have amassed the amount of material, bizarre and otherwise, in this monumental work must doubtless have taken a lifetime. This book promises to be the definitive text on these deformities for years to come. Kelikian considers congenital deformities on a much broader base than have other authors. He includes not only anatomic abnormalities present at birth, but also deformities manifest later in life and attributable to hereditary errors—in metabolism, circulation, growth, and in other ills. A comprehensive all-inclusive classification of anomalies, the hereditary vs the environmental, still represents a puzzle. Kelikian has recorded a considerable number of both time-worn and recent classifications, calling attention to the inevitable omissions of each. Titles in the later chapters include general topics such as "Syndrome Implicating the Hand and Forearm," "Usable Tenets of Treatment,"
Teesside coronary survey: an epidemiological study of acute attacks of myocardial infarction.
Authors: A Colling, A W Dellipiani, R J Donaldson, P MacCormack
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A 12-month epidemiological survey of attacks of acute myocardial infarction was carried out in a large urban population. The incidence and mortality at all ages and in both sexes were examined. Altogether, 1938 attacks were diagnosed--an overall incidence of 4-89 per 1000 population. The 28-day fatality rate was 50-5%. A third of the patients were treated at home and these patients had a lower fatality rate than those in hospital, a difference that could not be attributed to age, sex, or severity of attack. Half of the deaths that were witnessed occurred suddenly and a further 21% occurred within the next two hours. The median time to patients coming under care was about three hours. As used at present, coronary care units are unlikely to improve fatality rates. Future advances in treatment must take place outside hospital and will require re-education of the public and the general practitioner.
Long-Term Clinical and Hemodynamic Performance of the Hancock II Versus the Perimount Aortic Bioprostheses
Authors: Vincent Chan, Alexander Kulik, Anthony Tran, Paul Hendry, Roy Masters, Thierry G. Mesana, Marc Ruel
Journal: Circulation (2010)

The Medtronic Hancock II and the Carpentier-Edwards Perimount are among the world's most commonly used aortic bioprostheses. However, a direct comparison of their clinical performance is lacking. To minimize biases inherent to between-center comparisons, we examined these prostheses within a large, contemporary, single-center cohort.Between 1990 and 2007, 1659 patients (mean age, 73.1±9.3 years) underwent aortic valve replacement with either the Hancock II (N=1021) or the Perimount (N=638). Patients were prospectively followed-up with serial clinic visits and echocardiograms for up to 16 years (mean, 5.0±3.3 years). There was no significant difference in aortic root size preoperatively (P=0.7). Aortic root enlargement was more commonly performed with the Perimount (P<0.001), and the manufacturer valve size of the implanted prosthesis was larger with the Hancock II (P<0.001). Postoperatively, peak and mean transprosthesis gradients were higher for the Hancock II (32.7±0.7 and 16.0±0.3 mm Hg, respectively) than for the Perimount (24.9±0.7 and 13.4±0.4 mm Hg, respectively; P<0.001). However, no difference in left ventricular mass regression was observed at late follow-up (P=0.9). Unadjusted 10-year survival was 59.4%±2.4% for the Hancock II and 70.2%±3.8% for the Perimount (P=0.07). Multivariable predictors of survival did not include prosthesis type (P=0.2).For the same manufacturer valve size, the Perimount is larger, which may warrant enlarging the aortic root more often, and it is associated with better hemodynamics than the Hancock II. These differences do not impact survival or left ventricular mass regression, and the long-term clinical performances of the Hancock II and Perimount bioprostheses are equivalent.
Intensely Hypermetabolic Extra-Axial Brainstem Tumor in Erdheim-Chester Disease
Authors: Iain Beehuat Tan, Ajit Kumar Padhy, Choon Hua Thng, Saabry Osmany, Butch Magsombol, Yong Howe Ho, Chee Kian Tham, Richard Quek, Miriam Tao, Soon Thye Lim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by progressive histiocytic proliferation with multiorgan involvement, typically of the kidney, skin, brain, and lung, and less frequently, the heart and retro-orbital tissue. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) plays an important role in the management of this disease. It has been reported that FDG PET imaging allows accurate evaluation of the extent of the disease at baseline, as well as assessment of response to any specific therapy. In this case, a 57-year-old Chinese man presented with functional decline and a urinary tract infection. He had a prior history of xanthogranulomas of bilateral canthal masses. On imaging, he was found to have left hydronephrosis, diffuse urothelial thickening, increased density of the perinephric fat, mural thickening of the descending aorta and soft tissue masses along the posterior wall of the right atrium extending into the region of the interatrial septum and involving the right atrioventricular groove. Histopathology revealed retroperitoneal fibrosis. An IV contrast-enhanced FDG PET scan showed increased activity in a previously unidentified brain stem mass and the shafts of bilateral femora. Varying levels of FDG uptake were seen in the other lesions.
<b>Triflumizole Is an Obesogen in Mice that Acts through Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR</b> γ <b>)</b>
Authors: Xia Li, Hang T. Pham, Amanda S. Janesick, Bruce Blumberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Triflumizole (TFZ) is an imidazole fungicide used on many food and ornamental crops. TFZ is not thought to be particularly toxic or carcinogenic, but little is known about its effect on development. TFZ is identified as a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activator in ToxCast. Because PPARγ is a master regulator of adipogenesis, we hypothesized that TFZ would activate PPARγ, thereby inducing adipogenesis and weight gain in vivo.We sought to test the ability of TFZ to activate PPARγ and promote adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo.We used transient transfection to test the ability of TFZ to activate PPARγ, and we used 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and human multipotent mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) to study the adipogenic capacity of TFZ in culture. We treated pregnant mice with three doses of TFZ and evaluated the effects on body weight, adipose depot weight, and MSC programming in the prenatally exposed offspring.TFZ induced adipogenesis in MSCs and in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Prenatal exposure to levels of TFZ at approximately 400-fold below the reported no observed adverse effect level increased adipose depot weight. All doses of TFZ tested increased adipogenic gene expression in MSCs while inhibiting expression of osteogenic genes.TFZ acts through a PPARγ-dependent mechanism to induce adipogenic differentiation in MSCs and preadipocytes at low nanomolar concentrations. Prenatal TFZ exposure increases adipose depot weight and diverts MSC fate toward the adipocyte lineage; therefore, we conclude that TFZ is an obesogen in vivo.
Waveform Analysis–Guided Treatment Versus a Standard Shock-First Protocol for the Treatment of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Presenting in Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: John P. Freese, Dawn B. Jorgenson, Ping-Yu Liu, Jennifer Innes, Luis Matallana, Krishnakant Nammi, Rachael T. Donohoe, Mark Whitbread, Robert A. Silverman, David J. Prezant
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform properties have been shown to predict defibrillation success and outcomes among patients treated with immediate defibrillation. We postulated that a waveform analysis algorithm could be used to identify VF unlikely to respond to immediate defibrillation, allowing selective initial treatment with cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an effort to improve overall survival. Methods and Results— In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in 2 urban emergency medical services systems were treated with automated external defibrillators using either a VF waveform analysis algorithm or the standard shock-first protocol. The VF waveform analysis used a predefined threshold value below which return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was unlikely with immediate defibrillation, allowing selective treatment with a 2-minute interval of cardiopulmonary resuscitation before initial defibrillation. The primary end point was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary end points included ROSC, sustained ROSC, and survival to hospital admission. Of 6738 patients enrolled, 987 patients with VF of primary cardiac origin were included in the primary analysis. No immediate or long-term survival benefit was noted for either treatment algorithm (ROSC, 42.5% versus 41.2%, P =0.70; sustained ROSC, 32.4% versus 33.4%, P =0.79; survival to admission, 34.1% versus 36.4%, P =0.46; survival to hospital discharge, 15.6% versus 17.2%, P =0.55, respectively). Conclusions— Use of a waveform analysis algorithm to guide the initial treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients presenting in VF did not improve overall survival compared with a standard shock-first protocol. Further study is recommended to examine the role of waveform analysis for the guided management of VF. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00535106.
Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: John D. Bagdade, Daniel Porte, Edwin L. Bierman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Basal plasma triglyceride concentrations were supranormal in 13 undialyzed (164 ± 62 mg per 100 ml, mean ± S.D.) and 25 dialyzed (276 ± 250 mg per 100 ml) patients with non-nephrotic uremia. Basal immunoreactive insulin levels of both uremic groups were also higher than in nonuremic subjects of the same weight. In the dialyzed group triglyceride and immunoreactive insulin were directly related (r = 0.58, p<0.02), a relation suggesting that increased hepatic synthesis of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein may contribute to triglyceride elevation in uremia. In addition, peak postheparin lipolytic activity, an indirect estimate of tissue lipoprotein lipase and triglyceride removal capacity, was subnormal in both dialyzed and undialyzed uremic subjects. Hypertriglyceridemia appears to be a previously unrecognized consequence of non-nephrotic uremia. Alterations in both triglyceride production and assimilation may contribute to this abnormality.
The Use of Antidepressants in Clinical Practice
Authors: Gerald L. Klerman, Robert M. A. Hirschfeld
Journal: JAMA (1978)

DEPRESSIONS are the most common psychiatric condition that clinicians are likely to encounter in adult patients. Public awareness and acknowledgment of depressions and other affective states have increased during the 1970s, and growing numbers of persons with depressive symptoms are seeking medical attention. Epidemiologic studies show that perhaps 15% to 30% of all adults experience depressive symptoms at some time during their lives. Depressions occur about twice as frequently among women as among men and often occur during the highly productive years of young adulthood. The term "depression" refers to a mood state, a symptom, or a group of clinical syndromes. Feelings of sadness, disappointment, and frustration are a normal component of the human condition. However, when the sadness interferes with normal functioning, medical intervention may be helpful. Dysphorias may be due to concurrent medical, social, or other psychiatric problems. The syndrome of clinical depression is distinguished from the symptom
Characterization of Viral Particles Isolated from Primary Cultures of Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Stella M. Melana, Irene Nepomnaschy, Michael Sakalian, Andrea Abbott, Jennifer Hasa, James F. Holland, Beatriz G.T. Pogo
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The association of human breast cancer with sequences similar to the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) has been shown, but convincing evidence for the presence of viral particles in breast tumors has been lacking. We have described the complete proviral structure of a retrovirus in human breast cancer. This provirus, designated as human mammary tumor virus (HMTV), was 95% homologous to MMTV and revealed features of a replication-competent virus. We have therefore investigated the production of viral particles in primary cultures of human breast cancer (MSSM). Cells isolated from ascites or pleural effusions of patients with metastatic breast cancer contained viral sequences in their DNA, expressed Env protein, and showed retroviral particles by electron microscopy. Viral particles from culture media exhibited morphologic features of β-retroviruses sedimenting at buoyant densities of 1.12 to 1.18 g/mL in sucrose gradients and showed reverse transcriptase activity. cDNA sequences from virion RNA were synthesized, amplified, and sequenced and all the virion genes were detected and 70% of the virion RNA was sequenced. The sequence homologies were, respectively, 85% to 95% compared with the MMTV and HMTV proviruses we have previously described. These results clearly show that breast cancer cells in primary cultures produced HMTV viral particles that are similar to the mouse virus and which may play a role in human breast cancer pathogenesis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8960–5]
Spread of rotavirus within families: a community based study.
Authors: K Grimwood, G D Abbott, D M Fergusson, L C Jennings, J M Allan
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The spread of rotavirus infection was studied over four weeks in a sample of 28 families exposed to a child with rotavirus infection. The results showed a high incidence of intrafamilial infection, with 46% of members of these families developing rotavirus infections compared with none in another series of 18 families. Children in the families with an index case were more frequently affected than adults: 75% of the children developed rotavirus infection but only 33% of the adults. Children tended to suffer the infection in a more severe form. Intrafamily contact is clearly important in transmitting rotavirus infection, and preventive measures should aim at reducing the likelihood of such cross infection.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Simulating Aortic-Valve Regurgitation
Authors: Thomas Gahagan, Conrad R. Lam, Ellet H. Drake
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

WE have recently seen 4 women with patent ductus arteriosus who had been treated for many years for aortic regurgitation because of enlargement of the left ventricle, a diastolic murmur along the left of the sternum and a wide pulse pressure.The patients were thirty-three, forty-four, fifty-five and seventy-one years old. Three of them had previously been hospitalized with episodes of severe dyspnea. They were maintained on a permanent regimen of digitalis and diuretics. The remaining patient, fifty-five years of age, had limited her physical activities since childhood but had not been severely ill. The chief complaint of the seventy-one-year-old . . .
Causes of death in patients with hepatitis B: A natural history cohort study in the United States
Authors: Jean-Luc Szpakowski, Lue-Yen Tucker
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a U.S. population has not been well described. We identified the causes of death in 6,689 health plan members infected with HBV who were followed between March 1, 1996 and December 31, 2005. Causes of death were grouped into HBV-related (subdivided into decompensated cirrhosis [DCC] and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]), cancer, cardiovascular, and other/unknown. The study cohort included 3,244 females and 3,445 males; 68.3% were of Asian-Pacific Islander (API) descent, 11.8% were white (non-Hispanic), and 19.9% were of other or unknown race. Exposure to HBV antivirals and preexisting comorbidities were uncommon. Males had higher overall 10-year death rates than females, both for total deaths (8.9% versus 4.1%) and for HBV-related deaths (4.8% versus 1.2%). The death rate rose markedly with increasing age, and approximately 40% of all deaths in subjects over the age of 40 were HBV related. The death rate from HCC was twice that of DCC. HCC deaths represented 70% of cancer deaths in males and 37% in females. On multivariable analysis, when subjects with antecedent HCC and DCC were excluded, the only significant predictor of HBV mortality in both sexes was age.HBV was the cause of death in over 40% of those who died during the study, and the mortality increased markedly with increasing age over 40 in males and over 50 in females. HBV-related mortality was four times more common in males than in females and was as common in non-Asians as in those of API origin. HBV-related deaths were twice as common from HCC as from DCC.