tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiology of the Newborn and Young Infant
Authors: G. B. Clifton Harris
Journal: JAMA (1974)

During the past few years, a number of texts have been written on limited and specialized aspects of radiology of the infant and child. This flourishing of texts indicates the continuing growth of this specialty and a need for explicating some of the radiologic problems in pediatrics. This book by Dr. Swischuk covers in some detail the radiology of the newborn and, in addition, the author has included many of the conditions likely to manifest themselves during the first six to eight months of extrauterine life. The material is presented by systems. Each chapter begins with a review of the normal radiographic features and includes normal variations and artifacts that can be misleading to the inexperienced. A great many diseases and pathological conditions are covered. The radiological appearances in the more common disorders are described quite thoroughly and, in addition, the author has included descriptions of the clinical features and
Biased mGlu 5 -Positive Allosteric Modulators Provide In Vivo Efficacy without Potentiating mGlu 5 Modulation of NMDAR Currents
Authors: Jerri M. Rook, Zixiu Xiang, Xiaohui Lv, Ayan Ghoshal, Jonathan W. Dickerson, Thomas M. Bridges, Kari A. Johnson, Daniel J. Foster, Karen J. Gregory, Paige N. Vinson, Analisa D. Thompson, Nellie Byun, Rebekah L. Collier, Michael Bubser, Michael T. Nedelcovych, Robert W. Gould, Shaun R. Stauffer, J. Scott Daniels, Colleen M. Niswender, Hilde Lavreysen, Claire Mackie, Susana Conde-Ceide, Jesus Alcazar, José M. Bartolomé-Nebreda, Gregor J. Macdonald, John C. Talpos, Thomas Steckler, Carrie K. Jones, Craig W. Lindsley, P. Jeffrey Conn
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Factors Affecting Referral to Determine Competency to Stand Trial
Authors: GERALD COOKE, NORMAN JOHNSTON, ERIC POGANY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Prior research has suggested that the competency referral has often been utilized for purposes other than evaluation of the defendant's mental competency to stand trial. This study, which analyzed referral rates in terms of differential arrest rates by crime and by geographical areas, provides more substantial findings on the factors affecting competency referrals. Proximity to evaluation facilities and knowledge concerning the use of competency evaluation laws were among the identified factors.
REPORT LXXIV. THE ETIOLOGY OF ACUTE RHEUMATISM AND ALLIED CONDITIONS
Authors: R. M. Beaton, E. W. A. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1903)

CONSIDERABLE attention has been directed in the last few years to the question of the precise causation of the group of closely-related conditions of disease which may be broadly spoken of under the term " rheumatic," and which are recognized by clinicians generally as constituting the various manifestations (in different tissues and under different con-
AIDS in 1968
Authors: Marlys H. Witte, Charles L. Witte, Linda L. Minnich, Paul R. Finley, William L. Drake
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent epidemic of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), first reported in 1981,<sup>1</sup>has greatly alarmed the general public. Back in 1973, however, we described in detail<sup>2</sup>a curious clinical syndrome in a native-born American first seen by us in 1968 who in retrospect fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for AIDS. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 15-year-old black male, born and raised in St Louis and who to our knowledge had never left that area, had brawny penile and scrotal edema of one year's duration followed later by bilateral leg edema. He had not previously been seriously ill and specifically had never received a blood transfusion. While he admitted to heterosexual relations for several years, a homosexual history was not specifically elicited. Bilateral pedal lymphangiography revealed complete lymphatic obstruction at the inguinal ligaments with dermal backflow, and an excised inguinal lymph node showed marked fibrosis. Lymphedema
Valvotomy in the Treatment of Mitral Stenosis
Authors: T. H. Sellors, D. E. Bedford, W. Somerville
Journal: BMJ (1953)

The selection of patients who need surgical treatment for mitral stenosis is a problem which is no longer confined to special centres for cardiac surgery. If patients who are in greatest need of surgical treatment, and who are most likely to benefit from it, are to be given priority, selection must start with the practitioner and in the general medical clinic. The advent of valvotomy as a method of treatment has stimulated an intensive investigation of the patho logical physiology of mitral stenosis by means of cardiac catheterization and related technical procedures. This has led in turn to a renewed interest in the interpreta tion of clinical signs and symptoms. Many physical signs which have been a source of speculation since the early days of auscultation can now be more precisely interpreted in the light of surgical experience and of recent haemodynamic research. Many of the patients in the present series, and a great many others judged unsuitable for operation, have been investigated by cardiac catheterization, and, at the start, the information so obtained often fortified the decision for or against operation. But with increasing experience we are now seldom influenced by catheter findings in selecting favourable cases for surgery. Admittedly, in extending the scope of surgery to less favourable cases, full investi gation is still desirable. The low mortality and good results of mitral valvo tomy are already well known, and it is with the indica tions for operation that we are now mainly concerned. In this respect we were guided from the start by the pioneer work at Guy's Hospital (Baker, Brock, and Campbell, 1950) and in the United States (Harken et al., 1948; Bailey, 1949), but our present views have been moulded largely by personal experience.
Checklist for Dietary Assessment Methods
Authors: Michael Nelson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 June 1993Checklist for Dietary Assessment MethodsMichael Nelson, MD, Barrie M. Margetts, MD, and Alison E. Black, MDMichael Nelson, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Barrie M. Margetts, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Alison E. Black, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-11-199306010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The United Kingdom Nutritional Epidemiology Group is an informal group of individuals in research institutes and academic departments involved in the measurement of dietary intake and in research into appropriate methods for such measurement. This group proposes that a consistent standard of editing of articles on nutrition be widely adopted. We have drawn up a checklist of information necessary for a dietary assessment method to be adequately described. The checklist has been or is being published in 1993 in the following journals: British Journal of Nutrition, Metabolism, Journal of Nutrition, Australian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Journal ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1993Volume 118, Issue 11Page: 908KeywordsClinical epidemiologyNutritionNutritional epidemiologyPediatricsPeer reviewQuestionnaires Issue Published: 1 June 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of propylthiouracil and methimazole on splanchnic hemodynamics in awake and unrestrained rats
Authors: Tsunehisa Kawasaki, Frederick J. Carmichael, Gwynne Giles, Victor Saldivia, Yedy Israel, Hector Orrego
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The treatment of alcoholic liver disease with propylthiouracil is based on its effect of suppressing the ethanol-induced increase in hepatic oxygen consumption. It has been postulated that liver necrosis ensues when the increase in oxygen demand by the liver exceeds oxygen delivery to this organ. Data are now presented which show that propylthiouracil also increases portal blood flow in awake, unrestrained rats. Liver blood flow was determined using the labeled microsphere technique in rats at various intervals (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 24 hr) after oral propylthiouracil (50 mg per kg). Administration of propylthiouracil (dose range: 6.25 to 100.0 mg per kg) produced a dose-dependent increase in portal blood flow when given either orally or intraarterially. Maximal flows were obtained with 50 mg per kg (controls = 37.8 ± 1.5, oral propylthiouracil = 50.7 ± 2.2 ml ± kg−1-min−1). This increase in portal blood flow was accompanied by a decrease in preportal vascular resistance (controls = 2.61 ± 0.16; propylthiouracil, 50 mg per kg = 1.79 ± 0.09 mmHg per ml ± kg−1 ± min−1). These effects were correlated with the plasma concentrations of propylthiouracil (r = 0.67, n = 68, p ⩽ 0.001). The effect of oral propylthiouracil (50 mg per kg) on portal blood flow started at 0.5 hr and lasted for 6 hr after administration, whereas total liver blood flow was increased for 3 hr. Oral propylthiouracil (50 mg per kg) for 5 days resulted in a 53% increase in thyroid weight, an 85% reduction in 125I thyroid uptake and a 74% decrease in serum thyroxine concentration. This treatment, however, did not modify portal blood flow, nor the response to acute propylthiouracil. Oral administration of equipotent doses of another antithyroid drug, methimazole (10 and 20 mg per kg), had no effect on portal blood flow. Because of the rapid increase in portal blood flow following a single oral or parenteral dose of propylthiouracil and the lack of effect of methimazole, it is concluded that this response of propylthiouracil is independent of its effect on the thyroid gland and of intestinal absorption. The increase in portal blood flow can contribute to the protective effect of propylthiouracil against alcohol-induced liver necrosis by increasing oxygen delivery to the liver.
Selective Small Thyroid-Vein Catheterization
Authors: Hunter Heath
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  I have just read the reply by Doris G. Bartuska, MD (240:1903, 1978), to  question regarding the  for venous sampling for parathyroid hormone levels in patients with hypercalciuria who have normal [peripheral] serum calcium and [parathyroid hormone] PTH levels.  In my opinion, the answer given is highly misleading. The proper answer may be given in one word: none. Selective catheterization of the small thyroid veins with PTH assay is not a valuable procedure in the diagnosis of parathyroid disease. This procedure is useful only for localization of parathyroid tissue once  diagnosis is made by other means. 1,2 Step-ups of PTH concentrations may be found in thyroid veins of normal persons, as would be expected. 1,3 The indications proposed by Dr Bartuska (and not supported by references) are extremely ill advised. In the hands of competent endocrinologists and surgeons,  correct diagnosis and successful treatment of
Distribution of cases of systemic lupus erythematosus at time of first symptom in an urban area.
Authors: N D Hopkinson, K R Muir, M A Oliver, M Doherty, R J Powell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To determine the geographical distribution of cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a defined geographical area in the East Midlands, UK, and, in particular, to search for spatial variation in cases that may implicate the role of environmental factors in SLE aetiology.Six methods of case ascertainment were used. The postcode of the patient's domicile at time of first definite symptom of SLE was used for analysis which included case mapping, probability mapping by electoral ward, and variogram analysis.The study area population of 613,700 contained 200 SLE patients, 188 of whom experienced their first symptom whilst residing in the area. Case mapping revealed 12 SLE patients residing within an area of one square mile, including four men and six patients with RNP antibodies. The use of probability mapping showed five wards in close proximity to each other to have a greater number of SLE cases than would be expected by chance (p < 0.1). The 'cluster' of patients seen on the case map fell into two wards which showed a significant excess of cases only when combined (p = 0.006). The variogram of the incidence rates for each ward did not confirm any structure or pattern to the distribution of cases for the whole area.Some areas have a greater than expected prevalence of SLE. The normal result from variogram analysis suggests that the cause(s) for these excess number of cases does not have an effect across the whole study area.
Functional significance of collateral blood flow in patients with recent acute myocardial infarction. A study using myocardial contrast echocardiography.
Authors: P J Sabia, E R Powers, A R Jayaweera, M Ragosta, S Kaul
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) can be used to both measure collateral blood flow as well as assess the functional significance of collaterals in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS AND RESULTS MCE was performed in 33 patients with recent AMI (12 +/- 7 days) and an occluded infarct-related artery (IRA), both before and after attempted percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The size of the occluded bed was defined in patients with successful PTCA by injecting contrast directly into the opened IRA and expressed as a percent of the myocardium in the short-axis view. The percent of the perfusion bed supplied by collaterals before PTCA was determined. Transit rates of the microbubbles within the collateralized regions were also measured and were expressed as a percent of the transit rates in the normal adjacent beds. Regional function within the occluded bed was assessed using echocardiography and was graded as 1 (normal) to 5 (dyskinetic). Collaterals were graded on coronary angiography as 0 (none) to 3 (abundant). The perfusion bed size was larger for the left anterior descending (LAD) than for the right (RCA) and left circumflex (LCx) coronary arteries (37 +/- 6% versus 27 +/- 12% of the myocardium, p = 0.02). The percent of the occluded bed supplied by collateral flow was greater for RCA and LCx compared with the LAD (87 +/- 30% versus 72 +/- 22%, p less than 0.01). There was poor correlation between MCE-defined percent of occluded bed supplied by collaterals and angiographic collateral grade (r = 0.13). Regions supplied by collaterals were less likely to show confluent hypoperfused zones after reperfusion compared with those not supplied by collaterals. Similarly, the percent of myocardium not perfused by either anterograde or collateral flow correlated well (r = 0.67, p less than 0.01) with peak creatine kinase levels and was more likely to be associated with Q waves. Finally, although there was poor correlation between angiographic collaterals and regional function (r = 0.20), there was a significant negative correlation between MCE-defined spatial extent of collateral flow and regional function (r = -0.57, p less than 0.01). CONCLUSION MCE can be used to measure collateral flow in patients with recent AMI and to assess the functional significance of collaterals in these patients. This technique may be ideally suited for the assessment of collateral perfusion in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.
450. Novel, Injectable, Genetically Engineered Stem Cell-Based System for Anterior Spinal Fusion
Authors: Rod J. Oskouian, Gadi Pelled, Yoram Zilberman, Yamit Tal, Zulma Gazit, Dan Gazit
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Spinal fusion has become a popular surgical technique used to provide segmental fixation and to maintain stability and correct deformity of the spine. Stem cell|[ndash]|based therapy involving genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) genes can promote bone formation and lead to spinal fusion. Exogenous control and monitoring of transgene expression in vivo is of great importance for gene therapy. In such a system, transgene expression can be regulated over time at a defined level of expression, thus controlling the regeneration process. We hypothesized that direct injection of MSCs that overexpress the human BMP-2 (hBMP-2) gene under a tetracycline-controlled expression system (Tet-Off system) could induce regulated bone formation and lead to interbody anterior spinal fusion. We used a Tet-Off system in which genetically engineered MSCs harbor the inducible human BMP-2 expression vector. The system was regulated by the administration of Doxycycline (Dox), a tetracycline analog. Nude rats received an injection of 10^6 genetically engineered MSCs into two caudal intervertebral discs under fluoroscopic guidance. In the negative control group, the rats were supplied with Dox in their drinking water. A quantitative analysis of vertebra anterior fusion was performed using micro-computerized tomography (|[mu]|CT) scanning. In addition, engineered MSCs were also infected with retroviruses encoding for the luciferase or green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker genes. In vivo cell survival was monitored noninvasively and quantitatively by using a bioluminescence imaging system and a novel in vivo fibered confocal microscopy system (Cell Vizio). Quantitative |[mu]|CT analyses demonstrate extensive bone formation in the disc region, leading to interbody fusion (Figure 1). We did not find any new bone formation in the control animals, in which hBMP-2 expression had been inhibited. Longitudinal monitoring of the luciferase and GFP-labeled MSCs in vivo revealed a high bioluminescence signal (Figure 2A, arrows). GFP expressing cells were detected in the intervertebral disc with Cell-Vizio up to 4 weeks postinjection (Figure 2B). Our data demonstrate for the first time the use of an injectable, regulated, and monitored system for the induction of anterior spinal fusion. These results may pave the way toward the advancement of a biological solution for spinal fusion that will replace currently nonoptimal prosthetic implants.
Corticosteroid Therapy for Patients With Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: James K. Todd
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A comparative retrospective analysis of 45 patients with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) was designed to evaluate the effect of corticosteroid therapy on outcome. All patients satisfied the collaborative strict case definition for TSS, were hospitalized, had shock or postural hypotension, had a potential focus of Staphylococcus aureus infection, and received appropriate antistaphylococcal antimicrobial therapy. Twenty-five patients received corticosteroid therapy during the acute phase of illness and 20 did not. The groups were comparable for age, sex, weight, year of admission, day of illness hospitalized, minimum systolic and diastolic blood pressure, severity of illness, co-intervention with antimicrobials and antipyretics, and amount of intravenous fluid received. Corticosteroid-treated patients had a significantly reduced severity of illness and duration of fever if treated within two to three days of onset of TSS.
Review Body's Report: Hospital Medical Staff
Authors: P. Knipe
Journal: BMJ (1966)

SIR,-While not disputing that all doctors deserve an increase in their remuneration, it is surely quite incredible that a senior regis- trar and consultant, after many years of highly competitive and specialized training involving great personal sacrifice in time and money, and of family and home, constantly on the move and without any security what- ever, should now reap an ultimate reward less than that of the family doctor.This surely is the ultimate negation of personal effort to achieve a specialist position, and the opposite of any premise in industry, com- merce, or any other profession.That a one- year house-surgeon can now go into general practice and earn more than his own hospital chief, a man who took about 15 years to reach this position, must surely mean by even the simplest logic that the death knell of future hospital services has been sounded loud and clear.-Iam, etc., London N. 10.
The national curriculum and medical education
Authors: J. Collier
Journal: BMJ (1989)

venous treatment with these agents is a potential cause of fatal pulmonary oedema.'A more rational management plan would be to expedite delivery of the fetus if maternal heart failure occurs during labour,Neven if the fetus is immature, as with developments in neonatal medicine the outcome for infants beyond 28 weeks' gestation is relatively good and beyond 32 weeks should be little worse than that for infants delivered near term, provided that the infant is delivered in good condition and facilities for neonatal intensive care are at hand.Failure of medical treatment is an indication for surgical intervention, the operative mortality being less than 5%.2Although fetal wastage, especially with open heart surgery including cardiopulmonary bypass, may be comparatively high, a substantial proportion of pregnancies will continue and have a successful outcome.
Insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women: independent and combined associations with hormone replacement, cardiovascular fitness, and body composition.
Authors: M D Brown, M T Korytkowski, J M Zmuda, S D McCole, G E Moore, J M Hagberg
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The effects of combined physical activity and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal (PM) women are unclear. The purpose of the study was to test the following hypotheses: 1) PM women who have undergone vigorous exercise training have greater insulin sensitivity than PM women who are physically active and PM women who are sedentary, and 2) PM women using HRT have greater insulin sensitivity than PM women not using HRT. We also sought to determine whether body composition or cardiovascular fitness was the stronger predictor of insulin sensitivity in these women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Three groups of PM women classified as sedentary (n = 18), physically active (n = 19), and athletic (n = 23) underwent an insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test to determine the insulin sensitivity index (SI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to determine body composition. RESULTS: There was a significant association between both physical activity (P = 0.036) and HRT (P = 0.007) and fasting plasma insulin levels. The athletic PM women had the lowest plasma insulin levels and the highest SI. Across all physical activity levels, PM women using HRT (n = 29) had significantly lower fasting plasma insulin levels and a lower SI than PM women not using HRT (n = 31). HRT was significantly (P = 0.025) associated with intravenous glucose tolerance (KG); the women not using HRT had a higher K(G); than the PM women using HRT (0.83 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.60 +/- 0.05% per minute). Percent body fat (r = -0.37, P = 0.004) and VO2max (r = 0.35, P = 0.007) were similar predictors of SI. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, although overall HRT was associated with an attenuated SI, vigorous exercise training was independently associated with the greatest SI. In addition, PM women using HRT may benefit from having lower plasma insulin levels, but they may also have a lower SI.