tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carbocysteine and N-acetyl cysteine inhibit cigarette smoke mediated acetylation of the PMN chemoattractant peptide PGP
Authors: Michael Brown, Matthew Hardison, Edwin Blalock, Patricia Jackson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Cigarette smoke contains reactive compounds that result in epithelial damage and stimulate neutrophil chemotaxis, airway invasion, and collagen breakdown. Proline-Glycine-Proline (PGP) is a degradation product of collagen proteolysis. PGP activates neutrophil receptors stimulating further chemotaxis and inflammation.  PGP and an N-terminal acetylated PGP (NAcPGP) are elevated in clinical samples of COPD patients and correlate with disease activity. NAcPGP confers increased potency for neutrophil stimulation and bioavailability as leukotriene A4 Hydrolase, responsible for PGP destruction, is incapable of acting on NAcPGP.  N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and carbocysteine (CC) are scavengers of reactive compounds and used as mucolytics in chronic lung diseases. We hypothesize that NAC and/or CC will prevent PGP acetylation by cigarette smoke. These compounds may provide better understanding of targeted therapeutics in cigarette smoking-related lung disease.  Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or condensate (CSC) was prepared and incubated with native PGP +/- NAC or CC. Samples were incubated and analyzed for NAcPGP. NAcPGP concentration was measured with mass spectrometry. This data was repeated in a vapor experiment, where PGP mixed with either NAC or CC was placed in a separate well from cigarette smoke in a 96-well plate and incubated.  Our data demonstrate NAcPGP generation by cigarette smoke extract, condensate, and vapor that is inhibited by NAC or CC.  Our data support a possible mechanism where reducing compounds such as NAC and CC may diminish lung inflammation in COPD and other chronic lung diseases by inhibiting PGP acetylation thereby facilitating PGP degradation.
Childhood-onset schizophrenia: biological markers in relation to clinical characteristics
Authors: J Alaghband-Rad, S D Hamburger, J N Giedd, J A Frazier, J L Rapoport
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between clinical and neurobiological measures of childhood-onset schizophrenia. It was hypothesized that there would be a more striking pattern in the rare cases with very early onset than is seen in subjects with later onset.Premorbid, clinical, prenatal, perinatal, and magnetic resonance imaging brain measures were examined in 29 children and adolescents who met the DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia with onset before age 12. Specifically, gender, premorbid adjustment, and clinical symptoms were examined in relation to cerebral volume, ventricular volume, and maternal obstetrical complications.Males were more likely to have had an insidious onset than females. There was a significant negative correlation between score on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and total cerebral volume.These neurobiological associations support the continuity of early-onset schizophrenia with the later-onset disorder; the striking association between smaller cerebral volume and negative symptoms suggests a more homogeneous or more potent neurobiological basis for very early-onset schizophrenia.
Mental health, alcohol and drug use, and criminal history among homeless adults
Authors: L Gelberg, L S Linn, B D Leake
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

As part of a community-based survey of 529 homeless adults, the authors analyzed factors associated with their use of mental health services. Homeless persons who had had a previous psychiatric hospitalization were the least likely to sleep in an emergency shelter, had been homeless nearly twice as long as the rest of the sample, had the worst mental health status, used alcohol and drugs the most, and were the most involved in criminal activities. The majority had not made an outpatient mental health visit in 5 years. It is suggested that diverse systems of care are needed for homeless persons.
The relationship between NT proBNP and CT lung density in long term smokers
Authors: Laura H. Thomsen, Saher B. Shaker, Haseem Ashraf, Thomas Rasmussen, Pechin Lo, Marleen de Bruijne, Asger Dirksen, Jesper H. Pedersen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Cardiovascular conditions are reported to be the most frequent cause of death in COPD.

Aims and objectives: The relationship between N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT proBNP) as a surrogate marker of congestive heart failure (CHF) and CT lung density remains unclear. Pulmonary oedema leads to increased CT lung density. Little is known about milder CHF and CT lung density. Lung cancer screening provides an opportunity to study this relationship.

Methods: 500 long-term smokers were selected from the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST). Smoking habits were recorded and spirometry was performed. CT lung density was measured automatically by in-house developed computer software and expressed as the volume adjusted 15th percentile density (PD15). NT proBNP was measured as part of a panel of biomarkers. The 194 persons, who had the CT scan and the blood sample performed the exact same day, were included in a multiple regression model. The model included gender, pack years, number of cigarettes a day during the last month, COPD severity, and NT proBNP with PD15 as outcome variable.

Results: Female sex (+20.5g/l, SE 1.9, p< 0.001), high number of cigarettes a day (+0.6 g/l, SE 1.1, p< 0.001) and no or mild COPD (+0.2, SE 0.1, p<0.001) were associated with a higher PD15, but there was no correlation with NT proBNP (+0.0001, SE 0.002, p=0.959).

Conclusions: PD15 was not correlated to NT proBNP. Therefore milder degrees of CHF seem to have little influence on CT lung density. Lung density is higher in females, in people without COPD and in heavy current smokers.
Abstract 2564: The Reported Association Between Coronary Artery Calcium and QTc Interval is Explained by Differences in Left Ventricular Mass: From the Dallas Heart Study
Authors: Kristopher Heinzman, Male Andrew W Owens, Colby Ayers, Amit Khera, Darren K McGuire, James A de Lemos, Sandeep R Das
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Introduction. Although the relation between ventricular arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia from advanced coronary atherosclerosis is well-established, only a single study has linked subclinical atherosclerosis with abnormal ventricular repolarization. Methods. Assessment of cardiac structure and function by MRI, measurement of CAC by EBCT, and 12-lead ECGs were performed in 2438 subjects from the Dallas Heart Study (48% African-American, 55% female), a multi-ethnic population-based sample of Dallas residents ages 30 – 65. The relation between QTc interval and CAC was evaluated both before and after adjustment for potential confounders including LV mass. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results. In unadjusted models, CAC positively associated with QTc interval in both sexes (Table). In an analysis replicating the sole prior published study (Model 1) this relation remained significant among men, but not women. With further adjusting for LV mass (Model 2), the overall explanatory power of the models incr...
<i>Tenofovir: Quo Vadis Anno 2012 (Where Is It Going in the Year 2012)</i>?
Authors: Erik De Clercq
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2012)

Abstract Twenty years after its original discovery, tenofovir has acquired a crucial position in the fight against human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ). First, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ( TDF ) is not only efficacious against, and has been licensed for the treatment of HIV ( AIDS ), but also HBV (hepatitis B ). Second, for the treatment of HIV infections, TDF can be used in combination with other anti‐ HIV drugs, such as emtricitabine (combination termed T ruvada®) and T ruvada can be further combined with efavirenz, rilpivirine, elvitegravir, atazanavir, or darunavir, as a single once‐daily oral pill. Third, T ruvada can be used prophylactically to prevent transmission of HIV infection. And fourth, to prevent sexual HIV transmission, tenofovir could also be used topically (i.e., as a vaginal gel). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev., 32, No. 4, 765‐785, 2012
Abstract 18839: Difference of Optical Properties of Neointimal Tissue Between Restenosis After Drug-Eluting and Bare Metal Coronary Stent
Authors: Toshiro Shinke, Hiroki kato, Junya Shite, Ryoji Nagoshi, Takahiro Sawada, Hiroyuki Kawamori, Tomofumi Takaya, Takatoshi Hayashi, Shinichiro Yamada, Kenichi Hirata
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Unrecognized cocaine use among schizophrenic patients
Authors: A Shaner, M E Khalsa, L Roberts, J Wilkins, D Anglin, S C Hsieh
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

Unrecognized stimulant use could lead to the misdiagnosis of schizophrenia or the misunderstanding of its course and prognosis. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of unrecognized stimulant use among patients with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia.The subjects were 108 schizophrenic patients admitted consecutively to a Veterans Affairs psychiatric hospital. Admitting psychiatrists supplemented routine clinical evaluations with a semistructured interview regarding recent and lifetime use of alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, marijuana, and opiates. A urine specimen was assayed for the four illicit drugs.Of the 103 patients who provided a urine specimen, 37 (36%) used cocaine during the 6 months before admission, including 31 who used the drug in the week before admission. Because of the poor reliability of negative self-reports of recent cocaine use, clinicians failed to recognize cocaine use in one-third of the patients with a urine toxicology positive for cocaine metabolites. Two other groups of patients were identified; schizophrenic patients without substance abuse (including alcohol) and schizophrenic patients with substance abuse other than stimulants. Both substance-abusing groups were younger than the nonabusing group, but the three groups had similarly high rates of recent psychotic symptoms, homelessness, and unemployment.Among schizophrenic patients who require hospitalization, clinicians should not rely solely on self-reported stimulant use. Recognition of stimulant use could be improved through routine urine toxicologies for all psychotic patients. The authors suggest that recognition of stimulant use among schizophrenic patients may identify a population with a better prognosis for schizophrenia and different treatment needs.
Abstract 1930: 3D Volumetric Carotid Plaque Imaging by Cardiovascular MRI Solves the Mystery of the ‘Percent Stenosis Paradox’
Authors: Robert W Biederman, Ronald B Williams, Saundra B Grant, Geetha Rayarao, June A Yamrozik, Vikas K Rathi, Diane A Vido, David R Neff, Mark Doyle
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Morphologic characteristics of plaque composition have been proposed to explain the apparent paradox of improved clinical events despite no or minimal reduction in % stenosis with statins. CMR can distinguish underlying features that determine plaque ‘vulnerability’. We hypothesize that in statin-naive pts with high-grade carotid artery stenosis, there will be a high degree of correlation in the relationship between the ‘unstable’ lipid pool and ‘stable’ fibrous plaque by 3D CMR, yet may be independent of 2D %stenosis. Representing 530-two mm contiguous CMR (1.5T GE) in vivo slices of advanced (mean 61±24% stenosis) carotid disease, 26 complete bilateral human (age: 66±14yrs) plaques were analyzed for 3D volumetric extent of vascular wall: lipid pool, fibrous cap, matrix and minima/maxima of each. All were related to fasting lipid levels relative to %stenosis via QPlaque (Medis, The Netherlands). Plaque morphology determined by T1, T2/PD CMR. In all, 25/26 in vivo plaques were imaged. Mean resolution: 1x1x2mm. The mg/dL range of LDL-C was 63–186, HDL-C: 28–59 and TG: 81–213. Lipid pool represented 15±4% while fibrous plaque represented 5±15% of total vessel wall. Total Cholesterol (Chol T ) and LDL-C were inversely related to minimum vessel wall thickness (r=−0.5 and −0.6, respectively, p&lt;0.05, for both) while only Chol T was related to fibrous cap (r=0.6, p&lt;0.01). The Chol T /LDL-C ratio was highly related to minimum fibrous plaque thickness (r=0.8, p&lt;0.001). The 3D lipid pool was the only fraction highly correlated (&gt;0.6) with triglycerides (r=0.6, p&lt;0.01). A linear regression relating fibrous cap: vessel wall ratio to non-HDL cholesterol and Chol T was highly correlated (r=0.6, 0.7, respectively, p&lt;0.01 for both) but was independent of in vivo % stenosis (r=0.1). Relating %stenosis to any lipid fraction or ratio showed no relationship. Percent stenosis provides relatively little information about vulnerability of de novo , statin-naive carotid plaques. As most current imaging studies concentrate on plaque stenosis, a more appropriate focus on plaque composition provides a more robust quantifiable volumetric metric and may be more indicative of the underlying pathology by high-resolution 3D CMR. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA National Center.
Origin and Transmission of AIDS. Multi-Use Hypodermics and the Threat to the Soviet Union: Discussion Paper
Authors: John R Seale, Zhores A Medvedev
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

Health authorities in the Soviet Union have attempted to downplay the prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Soviet population and to suppress the publication of scientific articles on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Nonetheless, there is some evidence that the USSR may have more AIDS cases than any other country in Europe. Particularly prevalent are cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in persons under 40 years of age. It is hypothesized that the multi-use of medical hypodermic needles represents the major vehicle of HIV transmission in the Soviet Union. Also increasing at an alarming rate in the USSR is the prevalence of hepatitis B infection, and this phenomenon appears related to the low quality of sterilization of instruments in USSR medical facilities and the reuse of hypodermic needles. Not only are single-use hypodermic needles unavailable, but there is a severe shortage of nondisposable needles. In most Western countries, the availability of disposable needles and sterilization equipment has confined needle-transmitted HIV infection to the intravenous drug user population. If the further spread of HIV infection in the Soviet Union is to be prevented, it is essential that medical facilities in areas where hepatitis B is widespread adopt the use of single-use hypodermics.
90Yttrium Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Zevalin) Combined with BEAM (Z -BEAM) Conditioning Regimen Plus Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma. GELA Phase II Study.
Authors: Christian Gisselbrecht, Didier Decaudin, Nicolas Mounier, Herve Tilly, Vincent Ribrag, Catherine Sebban, Noel Milpied, Franck Morschhauser, Bertrand Coiffier, Steven Le Gouill, Pierre Lederlin, Richard Delarue, Guy Laurent, Andre Bosly
Journal: Blood (2007)
Local intracoronary administration of antisense oligonucleotide against c-myc for the prevention of in-stent restenosis
Authors: Michael J.B Kutryk, David P Foley, Marcel van den Brand, Jaap N Hamburger, Willem J van der Giessen, Pim J deFeyter, Nico Bruining, Manel Sabate, Patrick W Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Bailout and Corrective Use of Gianturco-Roubin Flex Stents After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Larry S Dean, Charles J George, Gary S Roubin, Elizabeth D Kennard, David R Holmes, Spencer B King, Ronald E Vlietstra, Jeffery W Moses, Dean Kereiakes, Joseph P Carrozza, Stephen G Ellis, James R Margolis, Katherine M Detre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Cytogenetic profile of minimally differentiated (FAB M0) acute myeloid leukemia: correlation with clinicobiologic findings [see comments]
Authors: A Cuneo, A Ferrant, JL Michaux, M Boogaerts, H Demuynck, A Van Orshoven, A Criel, M Stul, P Dal Cin, J Hernandez
Journal: Blood (1995)
Ten-Year Follow-up of a Blind Patient Chronically Implanted with Epiretinal Prosthesis Argus I
Authors: Lan Yue, Paulo Falabella, Punita Christopher, Varalakshmi Wuyyuru, Jessy Dorn, Paulo Schor, Robert J. Greenberg, James D. Weiland, Mark S. Humayun
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
CHRONIC SUBPHRENIC ABSCESS DUE TO SALMONELLA ORANIENBURG INFECTION: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: L ROSOVE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1957)

Excerpt This is a report of a case occurring in a physician of chronic subphrenic abscess due to the organismSalmonella oranienburg. The case is of interest not only because no similar report has b...
Comprehensive Echocardiographic Detection of Treatment-Related Cardiac Dysfunction in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Gregory T. Armstrong, Vijaya M. Joshi, Kirsten K. Ness, Thomas H. Marwick, Nan Zhang, DeoKumar Srivastava, Brian P. Griffin, Richard A. Grimm, James Thomas, Dermot Phelan, Patrick Collier, Kevin R. Krull, Daniel A. Mulrooney, Daniel M. Green, Melissa M. Hudson, Leslie L. Robison, Juan Carlos Plana
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Use of Prescription and Over-the-counter Medications and Dietary Supplements Among Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Dima M. Qato, G. Caleb Alexander, Rena M. Conti, Michael Johnson, Phil Schumm, Stacy Tessler Lindau
Journal: JAMA (2008)

<h3>Context</h3>Despite concerns about drug safety, current information on older adults' use of prescription and over-the-counter medications and dietary supplements is limited.<h3>Objective</h3>To estimate the prevalence and patterns of medication use among older adults (including concurrent use), and potential major drug-drug interactions.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Three thousand five community-residing individuals, aged 57 through 85 years, were drawn from a cross-sectional, nationally representative probability sample of the United States. In-home interviews, including medication logs, were administered between June 2005 and March 2006. Medication use was defined as prescription, over-the-counter, and dietary supplements used “on a regular schedule, like every day or every week.” Concurrent use was defined as the regular use of at least 2 medications.<h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3>Population estimates of the prevalence of medication use, concurrent use, and potential major drug-drug interactions, stratified by age group and gender.<h3>Results</h3>The unweighted survey response rate was 74.8% (weighted response rate, 75.5%). Eighty-one percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.4%-83.5%) used at least 1 prescription medication, 42% (95% CI, 39.7%-44.8%) used at least 1 over-the-counter medication, and 49% (95% CI, 46.2%-52.7%) used a dietary supplement. Twenty-nine percent (95% CI, 26.6%-30.6%) used at least 5 prescription medications concurrently; this was highest among men (37.1%; 95% CI, 31.7%-42.4%) and women (36.0%; 95% CI, 30.2%-41.9%) aged 75 to 85 years. Among prescription medication users, concurrent use of over-the-counter medications was 46% (95% CI, 43.4%-49.1%) and concurrent use of dietary supplements was 52% (95% CI, 48.8%-55.5%). Overall, 4% of individuals were potentially at risk of having a major drug-drug interaction; half of these involved the use of nonprescription medications. These regimens were most prevalent among men in the oldest age group (10%; 95% CI, 6.4%-13.7%) and nearly half involved anticoagulants. No contraindicated concurrent drug use was identified.<h3>Conclusions</h3>In this sample of community-dwelling older adults, prescription and nonprescription medications were commonly used together, with nearly 1 in 25 individuals potentially at risk for a major drug-drug interaction.
A Subgroup Analysis of the Impact of Prerandomization Antithrombin Therapy on Outcomes in the SYNERGY Trial
Authors: Marc Cohen, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Karen Pieper, Charles V. Pollack, Elliott M. Antman, James Hoekstra, Shaun G. Goodman, Anatoly Langer, Jacques J. Col, Harvey D. White, Robert M. Califf, James J. Ferguson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Enterococcal isolates carrying the novel oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA from hospitals in Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Henan, China, 2010–2014
Authors: J. Cai, Y. Wang, S. Schwarz, H. Lv, Y. Li, K. Liao, S. Yu, K. Zhao, D. Gu, X. Wang, R. Zhang, J. Shen
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Cancer immunotherapy innovator James Allison receives the 2015 Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
Authors: Jillian H. Hurst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

The 2015 Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award honors James P. Allison, PhD, for pioneering a new approach to cancer immunotherapy (Figure 1). Allison has made many seminal contributions to immunology, including the identification of the receptor on T cells that recognizes and binds antigens; the discovery that T cells require a second molecular signal from the costimulatory molecule CD28 to launch a response to a bound antigen; elucidation of the function of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), which acts as a built-in off-switch on T cells; and the development of a CTLA-4–blocking antibody, which unleashes T cells, allowing them to eliminate cancer cells. A therapeutic CTLA-4 antibody (ipilimumab, also known as Yervoy) is now used to treat advanced melanoma and is currently under investigation for the treatment of many other malignancies. Allison’s work has caused a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer in which treatment is focused on helping the patient’s immune system defeat the tumor instead of targeting the tumor itself.
Defining Pathways for Development of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Consensus Report
Authors: Diane K. Wherrett, Jane L. Chiang, Alan M. Delamater, Linda A. DiMeglio, Stephen E. Gitelman, Peter A. Gottlieb, Kevan C. Herold, Daniel J. Lovell, Trevor J. Orchard, Christopher M. Ryan, Desmond A. Schatz, David S. Wendler, Carla J. Greenbaum
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Emerging data suggest that type 1 diabetes is a more aggressive disease in children than in adults, with important differences in pathophysiology and clinical course. Therefore, the efficacy of disease-modifying therapies may be different in the two populations. Understanding the developmental and regulatory pathways for type 1 diabetes–modifying therapies in children will enable industry, academia, funders, advocacy groups, and regulators to translate new science to clinical care. This consensus report characterizes the fundamental differences in type 1 diabetes between children and adults and proposes a thoughtful approach to better understand the development and regulatory pathways for type 1 diabetes therapies.
Oseltamivir susceptibility in south-western France during the 2007-8 and 2008-9 influenza epidemics and the ongoing influenza pandemic 2009
Authors: S Burrel, L Roncin, M E Lafon, H Fleury
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

The recent emergence of seasonal influenza A(H1N1) strains resistant to oseltamivir makes it necessary to monitoring carefully the susceptibility of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors. We report the prevalence of the oseltamivir resistance among influenza A viruses circulating in south-western France over the past three years: seasonal influenza A(H1N1), seasonal influenza A(H3N2), and the influenza A(H1N1)v viruses associated with the ongoing 2009 pandemic. The main result of the study is the absence of oseltamivir resistance in the pandemic H1N1 strains studied so far (n=129).