tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: Individual alarm features have moderate-to-high specificity and low sensitivity for diagnosing colorectal cancer
Authors: Michael Solomon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club21 April 2009Review: Individual alarm features have moderate-to-high specificity and low sensitivity for diagnosing colorectal cancerMichael Solomon, MB, BCh, MSc, FRACS, Toufic El-Khoury, MB, BS, FRACSMichael Solomon, MB, BCh, MSc, FRACSSurgical Outcome Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (M.S., T.E.)Search for more papers by this author, Toufic El-Khoury, MB, BS, FRACSSurgical Outcome Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (M.S., T.E.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-8-200904210-02014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationFord AC, Veldhuyzen van Zanten SJ, Rodgers CC, et al. Diagnostic utility of alarm features for colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut. 2008;57:1545-52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18676420Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Gastroenterology: Oncology: References1 National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Guidance on cancer services. Improving outcomes in colorectal cancers. Manual update. May 2004. www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CSGCCfullguidance.pdf (accessed 5 Jan 2009). Google Scholar2 Marderstein EL, Church JM. Classic “outlet” rectal bleeding does not require full colonoscopy to exclude significant pathology. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51:202-6. [PMID: 18172728] Google Scholar3 Thompson MR, Perera R, Senapati A, Dodds S. Predictive value of common symptom combinations in diagnosing colorectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2007;94:1260-5. [PMID: 17701937] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Surgical Outcome Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (M.S., T.E.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 April 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byStandardised Investigation and Referral of Alarm Symptoms for Colorectal Cancer 21 April 2009Volume 150, Issue 8Page: JC3-14KeywordsAnemiaColorectal cancerDiarrheaHabitsHemorrhagePopulation statisticsSpecificityStatistical dataStatistical modelsWeight loss ePublished: 21 April 2009 Issue Published: 21 April 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Intervention is urgently needed to prevent humanitarian catastrophe on Sudan's border
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Although decades of war supposedly ended with last July’s independence of South Sudan, the failure to implement the peace agreement in Sudan itself has resulted in renewed conflict along the new border, creating mass displacement of people and widespread hunger and disease.

“The lives of tens of thousands of Sudanese refugees in South Sudan depend on the scaling up of humanitarian aid now,” warns the international medical organisation Medecins Sans Frontieres. “The scale up must take place in the short and rapidly closing window of opportunity before the rainy season starts in late April.”

The charity says that since last November …
TRPV4-Mediated Calcium Influx Regulates Terminal Differentiation of Osteoclasts
Authors: Ritsuko Masuyama, Joris Vriens, Thomas Voets, Yuji Karashima, Grzegorz Owsianik, Rudi Vennekens, Liesbet Lieben, Sophie Torrekens, Karen Moermans, An Vanden Bosch, Roger Bouillon, Bernd Nilius, Geert Carmeliet
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2008)
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COLITIS AND APPENDICITIS FROM A SURGICAL POINT OF VIEW
Authors: C. B. Lockwood
Journal: BMJ (1905)

I PROPOSE to discuss some of the forms of colitis from a surgical point of view, and especially in their relation to appendicitis.Hitherto colitis has only been of surgical im- portance when the question of curing it by typhlotomy or colotomy has been raised.But, although Dr. Hale White, Mr. Golding Bird, and others have published good immediate results, nevertheless that procedure can hardly be said to have become established as an assured succEss.Inasmuch as I have no personal experience of typhlotomy or of colotomy for colitis I do not propose to pursue that branch of the sub- ject.On the other hand, I shall soon tell you of cases of colitis which have got wvell after removal of the vermiform appendix; of others which have not got well; and of others which have been left alone and transferred to the physician.But at the outset it is right to own that one's thoughts about colitis are far from clear.To begin with, it is obvious that the group embraces several diseases.Mucous colitis is quite diferent from membranous colitis, although' some would say these two had a connecting link in muco-mem- branous colitis.But, furthermore, none of the foregoing are at all like the different kinds of ulcerative colitis, whether acute or chronic.Furthermore, all of these differentvarieties owe their origin in all probability to a number of different causes, and the discovery of the cause often leads to the cure of the colitis.But, whether all this be true or not, it is not open to doubt that any form of colitis may be associated with appendicitis, and that it is of the very highest importance that we should try to learn their relations to each other.Now, to begin with, there can be no doubt whatever but that
Multiple System Atrophy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a Family With Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansions in<i>C9orf72</i>
Authors: Jill S. Goldman, Catarina Quinzii, Jane Dunning-Broadbent, Cheryl Waters, Hiroshi Mitsumoto, Thomas H. Brannagan, Stephanie Cosentino, Edward D. Huey, Peter Nagy, Sheng-Han Kuo
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Here we report a family with coexistence of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72.A 65-year-old woman had a 2-year history of ataxia with autonomic dysfunction but without motor neuron signs. She was diagnosed as having MSA based on her clinical history and the hot cross bun sign on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Her 62-year-old brother had progressive weakness, fasciculations, hyperreflexia, and active denervation on electromyography without cerebellar ataxia. He was diagnosed as having ALS. Both patients had a greater than 1000/2 hexanucleotide expansion in C9orf72.Patients with hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 can present with MSA as well as ALS or frontotemporal dementia. We report this family with coexisting MSA and ALS, highlighting the phenotypic variability in neurologic presentations with hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72.
Apoptosis and Effects of Intracavernous Bone Marrow Cell Injection in a Rat Model of Postprostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Papa Ahmed Fall, Mohamed Izikki, Li Tu, Salem Swieb, Francois Giuliano, Jacques Bernabe, Rachid Souktani, Claude Abbou, Serge Adnot, Saadia Eddahibi, René Yiou
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Research on Humans Published in JAMA
Authors: Michael B. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The association of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I infection with human immunodeficiency virus, as reported by Bartholomew et al<sup>1</sup>as well as Harper et al<sup>2</sup>and Robert-Guroff et al<sup>3</sup>may explain the rare, although now well-documented, complication of hypercalcemia seen in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This was first reported by Zaloga et al<sup>4</sup>and subsequently by myself.<sup>5</sup>The former authors postulated cytomegalovirus-induced increases in osteoclastic activity as the etiology of the hypercalcemia; I suggested that the hypercalcemia was more likely due to genetic polymorphism of the human immunodeficiency virus, permitting it to express itself as its related retrovirus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I. This virus has frequently been associated with hypercalcemia and a T-cell lymphoproliferative syndrome.<sup>6</sup>The article by Bartholomew et al offers an additional, and perhaps more likely, explanation; namely, that those patients with acquired immunodeficiency
426 Consecutive Cases of Urinary Calculus
Authors: H. P. Winsbury-White
Journal: BMJ (1938)

4THEB7 BR7SHland the response of a typical case of hypertension and of a case with normal blood pressuLre.Conclusions 1.The greater part of the fall in blood pressure is due to vasomotor paralysis.2. A minor cause is the diminished respiratory excursion, which is due to abdominal and intercostal paralysis rather than medullary ischaemia.3. The Trendelenburg position has an immediate definite effect in increasing the blood pressure but not the respiratory volume.4. The induction of hyperpnoea has a small delayed effect in increasing the blood pressure.
THE TREATMENT OF FIBROID TUMORS OF THE UTERUS.Read before the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, November 12, 1890.
Authors: GEORGE H. ROHÉ
Journal: JAMA (1890)

The object of this paper is to advocate a rational discrimination in the treatment of fibroid tumors of the uterus. Uterine fibroids differ greatly in size, situation, structure and character of the symptoms to which they give rise. The treatment demanded by these differences likewise varies. In structure, fibroid tumors are homologous with the tissue of the organ in which they are found. They are composed of muscular and fibrous tissue in varying proportions usually encapsulated by a connective-tissue capsule, in which large vessels ramify. In some cases, the growth is made up principally of muscular tissue, in others almost exclusively of white fibrous tissue. In the majority of cases, however, the growths are composed of varying proportions of these two tissues, sometimes the muscular, at another the fibrous predominating. Most fibroid tumors, especially if of moderate size, are firm and solid, but the larger growths frequently have cysts or
On the Cure of Spina Bifida: By a New Operation
Authors: M. Dubourg
Journal: BMJ (1841)

O Mt "WIt M 6-A INV1DAM bu be of great interest, as bering on the actions _qf group of muscles which have at all times been look,ed upon with the liveliept intrept, and have, ioreover, been the subject of many controversies.The subconjunctival faseia, like the subcutaneous fascia of the neck, the groin, and other regions, presents many degrees of density in the different oubjects in which it is examined.It is present in all, but in the young subject it is very delicate.Lt is c.omposed of condensed celular tissue, and poses elasticity.From its intimate connexion
Anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. III. Properties of sequential anti-idiotypic antibodies to heterologous anti-gamma globulins. Detection of reactivity of anti-idiotype antibodies with epitopes of Fc fragments (homobodies) and with epitopes and idiotopes (epibodies).
Authors: C A Bona, S Finley, S Waters, H G Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Murine anti-V region antibodies against a human monoclonal protein Gl with anti-gamma-globulin activity and bearing the Wa cross-reactive idiotype were prepared in several strains of mice. Antibodies were obtained that were specific for the Gl idiotype, the Wa cross-reactive idiotype, and for various framework antigenic determinants that were distinguished by a variety of procedures. Synthesis of such antibodies were found to be independent of MHC and Igh gene complexes. These anti-V region antibodies, produced by a majority of mouse strains investigated, also share a cross-reactive idiotype recognized by BALB/c anti-anti-V region Gl antibodies. A fraction of BALB/c anti-anti-V region Gl antibodies displayed human Fc gamma binding activity and, therefore, can be considered homobodies, as described in other systems. Two of the anti-idiotype antibodies obtained in this system exhibited a peculiar property: they interacted not only with their own antigen (IgM Gl), but also with the Fc fragment with which IgM Gl reacts. Thus, A/J anti-V region Gl antibodies bind to the human Fc gamma fragment in addition to IgM Gl. Similarly, a monoclonal CB6 F1 anti-anti-V region Gl antibody interacted with the V region of IgM Gl as well as with the syngeneic anti-V region antibodies. We called these anti-idiotypic antibodies epibodies because they interact with epitopes of the primary antigen. These homobodies and epibodies, obtained by immunization across heterologous barriers, represent new examples of recognition of the internal image of the antigen within the immune system.
THE RENAL MECHANISM FOR URATE EXCRETION IN MAN 1
Authors: Robert W. Berliner, James G. Hilton, T. F. Yü, Thomas J. Kennedy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

The renal mechanisms by which urate is excreted have not yet been defined and there still is disagree- ment on several major points.Previous studies are in accord on one point, that the normal urate clearance in man is only a small fraction of the glomerular filtration rate, usually
The Dilated Common Duct Sign A Potential Indicator of a Sphincter of Oddi Dyskinesia
Authors: PETER DeRIDDER, DARLENE FINK-BENNETT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The cholescintigraphic findings of a Sphincter of Oddi dyskinesia (SOD) in a 45-year-old woman with persistent right upper quadrant pain and biliary colic are reported. After an overnight fast, the patient was injected with 5 mCi of Tc-99 disofenin and .02 µg/kg of cholecystokinin (CCK) post maximal gallbladder filling. Pre and postcholescintiscans were obtained and gallbladder ejection fractions determined. The hepatobiliary scan was normal, except for a delay in biliary-bowel transit. The gallbladder responded normally to CCK, however, the Sphincter of Oddi responded abnormally, as there was a paradoxical response to CCK manifested by a marked dilatation of the common bile duct. We postulate that this dilatation (the dilated common duct sign) was due to an inappropriate response of the smooth muscle of the Sphincter of Oddi (contraction vs relaxation) to CCK and was the cause of this patient's biliary colic. The dilated common duct sign should alert the physician to the possibility of a Sphincter of Oddi dyskinesia.
RUMINATION IN MAN.
Authors: WHARTON SINKLER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Merycism, or rumination in man, although described by ancient medical writers, has attracted but little attention until within the past few years. Hammond, who reported a case in 1894, said that only about fifty cases had been recorded up to that time. Since then, however, a number of additional cases have been recorded, both in this country and abroad. I have however been able to find only thirteen reported in America, but in Europe a great number of cases have been added to the literature in recent years. The American cases are: Hubbard:<i>Medical Record</i>, 1886, p. 122, one case. Max Einhorn:<i>Medical Record</i>, 1890, p. 38, two cases. Charles Shattinger:<i>Medical Fortnightly</i>, 1892, p. 163, one case. W. A. Hammond: Proceedings of American Neurological Association, 1894, one case. D. W. Graham:<i>Chicago Medical Examiner</i>, 1894, Vol. xv, p. 118, one case. Edward Runge:<i>St. Louis Med. Review</i>, 1894, p.
High failure rate of ethnic minority groups in MRCGP exam comes from changes to exam and candidate selection
Authors: Q. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The high failure rate of ethnic minority and international medical graduates in the clinical skills assessment exam between 2010 and 2012 may seem like racial discrimination by the examiners, but was the unintended consequence of the way candidates were selected and examined.1

The fundamental problem was communication in spoken English.

Between 2007 and 2009, deaneries were incentivised …
The "3-D Effect" of Diffuse Skin Involvement by Mycosis Fungoides on Gallium Imaging
Authors: WALTER E. DRANE, KASTYTIS KARVELIS, JAMES L. BUCK, EUGENE SILVERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A case of mycosis fungoides with diffuse cutaneous uptake of Ga-67 citrate is presented, and the possible causes of this uptake are discussed.
Quality of Care in Medicaid Managed Care and Commercial Health Plans
Authors: Bruce E. Landon, Eric C. Schneider, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Sarah Hudson Scholle, L. Gregory Pawlson, Arnold M. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (2007)

ContextIn contrast to the commercially insured population, the proportion of Medicaid beneficiaries enrolling in health maintenance organizations continues to increase.ObjectiveTo compare quality of care within and between the Medicaid and commercial populations in 3 types of managed care plans: Medicaid-only plans (serving predominantly Medicaid enrollees), commercial-only plans (serving predominantly commercial enrollees), and Medicaid/commercial plans (serving substantial numbers of both types of enrollees).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAll 383 health plans that reported quality-of-care data to the National Committee for Quality Assurance for 2002 and 2003, including 204 commercial-only plans, 142 Medicaid/commercial plans (plans reported data for the Medicaid and commercial populations separately); and 37 Medicaid-only plans.Main Outcome MeasuresEleven quality indicators from the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) applicable to the Medicaid population.ResultsAmong Medicaid enrollees, performance on the 11 measures observed in this study were comparable for Medicaid-only plans and Medicaid/commercial plans. Similarly, among commercial enrollees, there was virtually no difference in performance between health plans that served only the commercial population and those that also served the Medicaid population. Overall across all health plan types, the performance for the commercial population exceeded the performance for the Medicaid population on all measures except 1, ranging from a difference of 4.9% for controlling hypertension (58.4% for commercial vs 53.5% for Medicaid; P = .002) to 24.5% for rates of appropriate postpartum care (77.2% for commercial vs 52.7% for Medicaid; P = .001). Differences of similar magnitude were observed for commercial and Medicaid populations treated within the same health plan.ConclusionsMedicaid managed care enrollees receive lower-quality care than that received by commercial managed care enrollees. There were no differences in quality of care for the Medicaid population between Medicaid-only plans and commercial plans that also served the Medicaid population.
Predictive factors of intensive care unit admission in patients with haematological malignancies and pneumonia
Authors: Didier Gruson, Frederic Vargas, Gilles Hilbert, Nam Bui, Thierry Maillot, Thierry Mayet, Odile Pillet, Genevieve Chene, Georges Gbikpi-Benissan
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Role of Myocyte Nitric Oxide in β-Adrenergic Hyporesponsiveness in Heart Failure
Authors: Shimako Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Hirofumi Tagawa, Keiko Saito, Masaru Takahashi, Hideo Tada, Mitsutaka Yamamoto, Makoto Katoh, Kensuke Egashira, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The positive inotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation is attenuated at the isolated myocyte level in heart failure. Nitric oxide (NO) has a negative inotropic effect and attenuates the response to isoproterenol. It has been suggested that NO synthesis is increased in failing myocytes. However, the pathophysiological consequences after induction of NO in myocyte contractility are less clear in the setting of heart failure. Methods and Results We examined the effects of an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor on contractile function in myocytes isolated from 11 dogs with rapid pacing–induced heart failure (ejection fraction, 29±2%) and 8 control dogs (ejection fraction, 74±3%). Sarcomere shortening velocity was measured as an index of contractility under four experimental conditions: at baseline, after adding isoproterenol (ISO; 1 nmol/L), after an NOS inhibitor ( N ϖ -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester [L-NAME], 0.1 nmol/L), and after L-NAME plus ISO. L-NAME alone had no effects on basal sarcomere shortening velocity in either control or heart failure myocytes. However, L-NAME significantly augmented the inotropic response to isoproterenol in heart failure myocytes (107.1±7.3% [ISO alone] versus 140.6±10.7% [ISO plus L-NAME] increase from baseline; P &lt;.05) but not in control myocytes (135.5±9.9% [ISO alone] versus 137.1±11.4% [ISO plus L-NAME]; P =NS). Myocardial NOS activity measured by the conversion of arginine to citrulline was significantly increased in dogs with heart failure compared with that in control dogs. Conclusions The increased NO induction in failing myocytes does not alter baseline sarcomere mechanics but attenuates the positive inotropic response to isoproterenol. Thus, myocyte NO plays an important role in the autocrine regulation of the contractile function of myocytes in congestive heart failure.
Control of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Activity in Cultured Human Fibroblasts by Very Low Density Lipoproteins of Subjects with Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Sandra H. Gianturco, Antonio M. Gotto, Richard L. Jackson, Josef R. Patsch, Harley D. Sybers, O. David Taunton, Daniel L. Yeshurun, Louis C. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) from human normolipemic plasma, and the VLDL, the intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and LDL from patients with Type III hyperlipoproteinemic plasma were tested for their abilities to suppress the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in cultured human fibroblasts from normal subjects and a Type III patient. Regulation of cholesterol synthesis in the fibroblasts of a patient with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia appears to be normal. VLDL from normal subjects, isolated by angle head ultracentrifugation (d < 1.006) or by gel filtration on BioGel A-5m, were about 5 times less effective than LDL in suppressing HMG-CoA reductase activity, based on protein content, in agreement with previous reports with normal fibroblasts. Zonal centrifugation of normal VLDL isolated by both methods showed that the VLDL contained IDL. Normal VLDL from the angle head rotor, refractionated by the zonal method, had little, if any, ability to suppress the HMG-CoA reductase activity in either normal or Type III fibroblasts. VLDL, IDL, and LDL fractionated by zonal ultracentrifugation from Type III plasma gave half-maximum inhibition at 0.2-0.5 μg of protein/ml, indistinguishable from the suppression caused by normal LDL. Type III VLDL did not suppress HMG-CoA reductase in mutant LDL receptor-negative fibroblasts. Zonally isolated VLDL obtained from one Type IV and one Type V patient gave half-maximal suppression at 5 and 0.5 μg of protein/ml, respectively. Molecular diameters and apoprotein compositions of the zonally isolated normal and Type III VLDL were similar; the major difference in composition was that Type III VLDL contained more cholesteryl esters and less triglyceride than did normal VLDL. The compositions and diameters of the Type IV and Type V VLDL were similar to normal VLDL. These findings show that the basic defect in Type III hyperlipoproteinemia is qualitatively different from the cellular defect found in familial hypercholesterolemia, since the regulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity is normal in Type III fibroblasts. The metabolic defect in hypertriglyceridemia is related to the triglyceriderich lipoproteins which, free of other lipoproteins, have an enhanced ability to interact with cultured fibroblasts to regulate HMG-CoA reductase activity. These studies suggest that, in hypertriglyceridemia, there is a mechanism for direct cellular catabolism of VLDL which is not functional for normal VLDL.