tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiographic prediction of unmodified rejection in heterotopic canine cardiac allografts
Authors: M. G. DEAR, D. K. C. COOPER, M. MURTRA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Journal Article Electrocardiographic prediction of unmodified rejection in heterotopic canine cardiac allografts Get access M. G. DEAR, M. G. DEAR 1 From the Department of Surgery, Guy's Hospital Medical School, and the Department of Surgery, National Heart Hospital, London 1 Present and correspondence address: M. G. Dear, Department of Pathology, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London S.E.1. In receipt of a grant from the Guy's Hospital Endowment Fund for Mecical Research. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. K. C. COOPER, D. K. C. COOPER From the Department of Surgery, Guy's Hospital Medical School, and the Department of Surgery, National Heart Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. MURTRA M. MURTRA From the Department of Surgery, Guy's Hospital Medical School, and the Department of Surgery, National Heart Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 7, Issue 5, September 1973, Pages 687–695, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/7.5.687 Published: 01 September 1973
Job Strains and Job Satisfaction of Dialysis Nurses
Authors: Fritz A. Muthny
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

Results are reported from an investigation on job strains in dialysis nurses and needs for psychosocial staff training. 174 dialysis nurses in the Federal Republic of Germany answered the clinical questionnaire, which was distributed in cooperation with the German section of the EDTNA. Although the majority emphasized positive aspects of the job (particularly responsible work, contact to patients, and teamwork), more than one-fourth of the nurses reported marked psychosocial strains. Main sources of stress were doubts about the principle of maximum therapy, the consumerism of some patients, and intrateam tensions. Almost two-thirds confirmed the necessity of psychosocial staff training, favoring training units of 1-2 h once a month. In the staff's opinion psychosocial staff training should mainly include casework and cognitive as well as behavioral training for a better handling of patients and conflicts. Main topics suggested by the nurses for discussion were depression, coping with illness as well as handling of aggressive and pretentious patients. Finally, implications of the findings with respect to the goals and performance of psychosocial staff training are discussed.
The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Cigarette Smoke–induced Emphysema
Authors: Jeffrey J. Atkinson, Barbara A. Lutey, Yoko Suzuki, Holly M. Toennies, Diane G. Kelley, Dale K. Kobayashi, Whitney G. Ijem, Gaetan Deslee, Carla H. Moore, M. Eileen Jacobs, Susan H. Conradi, David S. Gierada, Richard A. Pierce, Tomoko Betsuyaku, Robert M. Senior
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9 is an elastolytic endopeptidase produced by activated macrophages that may be involved in the development of human pulmonary emphysema and could be inhibited with existing compounds. Mouse models have demonstrated that excess MMP-9 production can result in permanent alveolar destruction.Objectives: To determine if MMP-9 causes cigarette smoke–induced emphysema using MMP-9 knockout mice and human samples.Methods: Mouse lungs were analyzed for inflammation and airspace enlargement using a mainstream smoke-exposure model. Human macrophage mRNA was isolated from subjects with emphysema by laser capture microdissection. Human blood monocyte mRNA was isolated from subjects with greater than 30 pack-year smoking history. Human gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared with emphysema severity determined by automated computed tomography analysis. Plasma Clara cell secretory protein and surfactant protein-D were quantified to measure ongoing lung injury.Measurements and Main Results: Mice deficient in MMP-9 develop the same degree of cigarette smoke–induced inflammation and airspace enlargement as strain-matched controls. Macrophages are the predominant source of MMP-9 production in human emphysema specimens and similar quantities of macrophage MMP-9 mRNA is present in areas of lung with and without emphysema. Circulating monocytes produce more MMP-9 in individuals with advanced emphysema severity despite no correlation of MMP-9 with markers of ongoing lung damage.Conclusions: These results suggest that MMP-9 in humans who smoke is similar to smoke-exposed mice, where MMP-9 is present in emphysematous lung but not correlated with the emphysema. To the degree that the mechanisms of emphysema in humans who smoke resemble the mouse model, these data suggest specific inhibition of MMP-9 is unlikely to be an effective therapy for cigarette smoke–induced emphysema.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00757120).
Effects of simvastatin, pentoxifylline and spironolactone on hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension in rats with bile duct ligation
Authors: Frédéric Oberti, Christophe Pilette, Hervé Rifflet, Moussa Y. Maïga, Alain Moreau, Yves Gallois, Andrée Girault, Anne le Bouil, Jean-Jacques Le Jeune, Jean-Louis Saumet, Gérard Feldmann, Paul Calès
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Hypoxia-Induced Endothelial Apoptosis Through Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)–Mediated bcl-2 Suppression
Authors: Hidetsugu Matsushita, Ryuichi Morishita, Toshie Nata, Motokuni Aoki, Hironori Nakagami, Yoshiaki Taniyama, Kei Yamamoto, Jitsuo Higaki, Kaneda Yasufumi, Toshio Ogihara
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays a pivotal role in the coordinated transactivation of cytokine and adhesion molecule genes involved in endothelial activation. Although recent reports have documented the contribution of NF-κB to apoptosis, it is still controversial. Especially, the role of NF-κB in endothelial apoptosis is largely unknown. Hypoxia significantly induced human aortic endothelial cell death and apoptosis in a time-dependent manner ( P &lt;0.01), accompanied by NF-κB activation. Decrease in total cell number and increase in apoptotic cells induced by hypoxia were significantly attenuated by NF-κB decoy, but not by scrambled decoy, oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) ( P &lt;0.01). Increase in DNA fragmentation induced by hypoxia was also significantly inhibited by NF-κB decoy ODNs as compared with scrambled decoy ODNs ( P &lt;0.01). Moreover, transfection of NF-κB decoy ODNs resulted in a significant decrease in caspase-3–like activity, which is a common pathway for apoptosis, compared with scrambled decoy ODNs. Importantly, transfection of NF-κB decoy ODNs significantly increased protein of bcl-2, an inhibitor of apoptosis, and did not alter bax, a promoter of apoptosis, thereby resulting in a significant increase in the ratio of bcl-2 to bax ( P &lt;0.01). bcl-2 mRNA was also decreased by hypoxia, whereas transfection of NF-κB decoy ODNs significantly attenuated decrease in bcl-2 mRNA. These results demonstrate that activation of NF-κB by hypoxia induced endothelial apoptosis in a bcl-2–dependent manner. The importance of NF-κB in endothelial apoptosis was confirmed by the observation that pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, a potent NF-κB inhibitor, prevented endothelial apoptosis, caspase 3–like activity, and bcl-2 downregulation induced by hypoxia. To test this hypothesis in vivo, we transfected NF-κB decoy ODNs into rat intact carotid artery after reperfusion injury. Reperfusion injury was associated with a significant increase in endothelial apoptosis at 24 hours, whereas NF-κB decoy ODN treatment markedly decreased terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)–positive endothelial cells at 24 hours after reperfusion ( P &lt;0.01). Here, using synthetic double-stranded DNA with high affinity for NF-κB as a decoy approach, we demonstrated that activation of NF-κB by hypoxia caused aortic endothelial cell death and apoptosis through the suppression of bcl-2. NF-κB–mediated endothelial apoptosis induced by hypoxia may be involved in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction observed in cardiovascular ischemic diseases.
Re: Brian M. Benway, Agnes J. Wang, Jose M. Cabello and Sam B. Bhayani. Robotic Partial Nephrectomy with Sliding-Clip Renorrhaphy: Technique and Outcomes. Eur Urol 2009;55:592–9
Authors: Ben Challacombe, Anthony Costello, Dinesh Agarwal
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Injuries to child pedestrians
Authors: I. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Injury to child pedestrians is a leading cause of death and an important cause of severe brain injury. In 1991 in England and Wales 185 child pedestrians were killed and 3965 were seriously injured in road accidents.1

Injuries to child pedestrians have held the rank of “captain of the kings of death” for the past 20 years, yet only recently have epidemiological methods been applied to their prevention. In the past preventive strategies were based on assumptions about causation drawn from case series, but such an approach was bound to fail. Some crucial questions need to be addressed. Firstly, why do rates of injury among child pedestrians change over time, and why do some populations have higher rates than others? Secondly, within populations, why are some children injured and not others?2 Children are exposed to the risk of pedestrian injury only while walking, so measures of frequency should take account of exposure. For example, child …
The Pollutant Diethylhexyl Phthalate Regulates Hepatic Energy Metabolism via Species-Specific PPARα-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Jérôme N. Feige, Alan Gerber, Cristina Casals-Casas, Qian Yang, Carine Winkler, Elodie Bedu, Manuel Bueno, Laurent Gelman, Johan Auwerx, Frank J. Gonzalez, Béatrice Desvergne
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

The modulation of energetic homeostasis by pollutants has recently emerged as a potential contributor to the onset of metabolic disorders. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used industrial plasticizer to which humans are widely exposed. Phthalates can activate the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isotypes on cellular models and induce peroxisome proliferation in rodents. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the systemic and metabolic consequences of DEHP exposure that have remained so far unexplored and to characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. As a proof of concept and mechanism, genetically engineered mouse models of PPARs were exposed to high doses of DEHP, followed by metabolic and molecular analyses. DEHP-treated mice were protected from diet-induced obesity via PPARalpha-dependent activation of hepatic fatty acid catabolism, whereas the activity of neither PPARbeta nor PPARgamma was affected. However, the lean phenotype observed in response to DEHP in wild-type mice was surprisingly abolished in PPARalpha-humanized mice. These species differences are associated with a different pattern of coregulator recruitment. These results demonstrate that DEHP exerts species-specific metabolic actions that rely to a large extent on PPARalpha signaling and highlight the metabolic importance of the species-specific activation of PPARalpha by xenobiotic compounds.
JEJUNOSTOMY AND WITZEL'S OPERATION IN THE TREATMENT OF VICIOUS CIRCLE VOMITING
Authors: H. Donovan
Journal: BMJ (1932)

tHMEBcRATJOTUSRAL 609 placed under the same conditions, and samples of each were examined at hourly intervals.In the former, lactic acid was found after incubation for one hour, and the amount increased in each subsequent specimen examined.In the latter no lactic acid was found in any specimen up to four hours, when the experiment was discontinued.This procedure was repeated on several occasions, and identical results were obtained.This would suggest that organisms capable of producing lactic acid exist in the normal stomach, and that these can be destroyed by boiling.These findings did not, however, exclude the possibility of enzyme action, as an enzyme would be similarly affected by boiling.Several specimens of fasting gastric juice, free of lactic acid, were passed through a Seitz filter.These were then added to the usual gruel meal and incubated, controls, in which the juice added had not been filtered, being put up at the same time.It was found that after the process of filtering the gastric juice no longer possessed the power of producing lactic acid, whereas in the unfiltered controls abundant lactic acid was produced as previously.We concluded, therefore, that lactic acid in the gastric contents was derived from
HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA AFTER AXIAL FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE IMPLANTATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MORTALITY
Authors: Tal Hasin, Patrick Kamath, Walter Kremers, Yan Topilsky, John Schirger, Barry Boilson, Alfredo Clavell, Richard Rodeheffer, Robert Frantz, Brooks Edwards, Naveen Pereira, Lyle Joyce, Richard Daly, soon park, Sudhir Kushwaha
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Petit and Grand Mal Convulsions During Lidocaine Hydrochloride Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Richard S. Crampton
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Euphoria, confusion, petit and grand mal convulsions, and respiratory arrest associated with infusion of lidocaine hydrochloride occurred in a patient with myocardial infarction. The neurological complications caused catastrophic deterioration of the patient's condition. The increasing use of lidocaine intravenously to treat ventricular arrhythmias makes it advisable that physicians become acquainted with the early neurological symptoms and signs of lidocaine toxicity.
Depressant Drugs and Sudden Death.
Authors: Philip Dickes
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Greenville, Ohio, Jan. 22, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I believe that the reasoning in your editorial on "Depressant Drugs and Sudden Deaths" (The Journal, Jan. 16, p. 177), is at fault when you say that "a portion of the decrease in the number of sudden deaths from heart disease to population, has been ascribed definitely—and with considerable plausibility—to a certain cause," which, in substance, you say is that, owing to steps taken by the Board of Health of New York City to prove that a certain coal-tar product was being adulterated by the addition or substitution of acetanilid, and owing to threatened exposure and prosecution the substitution had abated to the extent of reducing the death rate from heart disease from the ratio of 1.34 in a thousand in 1902 to 1.28 per thousand in 1903. It seems more plausible to ascribe this decrease in mortality to the awakening of
Utility of Nongated Multidetector Computed Tomography for Detection of Left Atrial Thrombus in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Matthew W. Martinez, Jacobo Kirsch, Eric E. Williamson, Imran S. Syed, DaLi Feng, Steve Ommen, Douglas L. Packer, Peter A. Brady
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
Nd:YAG Laser Treatment for Bleeding from Radiation Proctitis
Authors: C. Carbatzas, G. M. Spencer, S. M. Thorpe, L. R. Sargeant, S. G. Bown
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Chronic radiation proctitis is a serious complication of radiotherapy to the pelvis. It can lead to severe blood loss, and responds poorly to surgery or local drug therapy. This study looks at which of the patients affected may benefit from endoscopic treatment with Nd:YAG laser.Nine patients who had previously undergone radiotherapy for pelvic malignancy a median of 14 months (range 4-43 months) before rectal bleeding started were included. Endoscopic Nd:YAG laser treatment commenced a median of four months (range 2-13 months) after the onset of blood loss, and was repeated monthly until bleeding stopped. Bleeding and transfusion requirements were documented before, during, and after a course of laser treatment.Patients received an average of three laser treatments (range 1-5). Six had received transfusions prior to referral, the average requirement being 1.3 units per patient month. Only one patient required transfusion after completion of treatment, during an average follow-up of 24 months. Bleeding was reduced to occasional spotting in six cases. There were no treatment-related complications. Two of the most severely affected patients died within three months of treatment, due to recurrence of their underlying malignancy.Endoscopic Nd:YAG laser treatment is safe and effective for patients with mild to moderate bleeding from radiation proctitis.
Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection
Authors: Yijun Ruan, Chia Lin Wei, Ai Ee Ling, Vinsensius B Vega, Herve Thoreau, Su Yun Se Thoe, Jer-Ming Chia, Patrick Ng, Kuo Ping Chiu, Landri Lim, Tao Zhang, Kwai Peng Chan, Lynette Oon Lin Ean, Mah Lee Ng, Sin Yee Leo, Lisa FP Ng, Ee Chee Ren, Lawrence W Stanton, Philip M Long, Edison T Liu
Journal: The Lancet (2003)

SummaryBackgroundThe cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been identified as a new coronavirus. Whole genome sequence analysis of various isolates might provide an indication of potential strain differences of this new virus. Moreover, mutation analysis will help to develop effective vaccines.MethodsWe sequenced the entire SARS viral genome of cultured isolates from the index case (SIN2500) presenting in Singapore, from three primary contacts (SIN2774, SIN2748, and SIN2677), and one secondary contact (SIN2679). These sequences were compared with the isolates from Canada (TOR2), Hong Kong (CUHK-W1 and HKU39849), Hanoi (URBANI), Guangzhou (GZ01), and Beijing (BJ01, BJ02, BJ03, BJ04).FindingsWe identified 129 sequence variations among the 14 isolates, with 16 recurrent variant sequences. Common variant sequences at four loci define two distinct genotypes of the SARS virus. One genotype was linked with infections originating in Hotel M in Hong Kong, the second contained isolates from Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Beijing with no association with Hotel M (p<0.0001). Moreover, other common sequence variants further distinguished the geographical origins of the isolates, especially between Singapore and Beijing.InterpretationDespite the recent onset of the SARS epidemic, genetic signatures are emerging that partition the worldwide SARS viral isolates into groups on the basis of contact source history and geography. These signatures can be used to trace sources of infection. In addition, a common variant associated with a non-conservative aminoacid change in the S1 region of the spike protein, suggests that immunological pressures might be starting to influence the evolution of the SARS virus in human populations.Published online May 9, 2003 http://image.thelancet.com/extras/03art4454web.pdf
Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Steven H. Smoger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters16 August 2011Surveillance for Hepatocellular CarcinomaSteven H. Smoger, MDSteven H. Smoger, MDFrom Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-4-201108160-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Davila and colleagues' article (1) about screening for HCC in hepatitis C virus–infected patients at Veterans Affairs health care facilities makes no mention of the use of CT as a screening technique for HCC. Our facility has enacted an alert asking providers to perform ultrasonography on all patients with cirrhosis. I frequently find that these patients undergo CT for other reasons, such as abdominal pain; hematuria; and, during hospitalizations, ascites. Although CT is not the recommended screening technique for HCC, the use of this study may increase the number of persons screened for this condition to some ...Reference1. Davila JA, Henderson L, Kramer JR, Kanwal F, Richardson PA, Duan Z, et al. Utilization of surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma among hepatitis C virus-infected veterans in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:85-93. [PMID: 21242365] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUtilization of Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Hepatitis C Virus–Infected Veterans in the United States Jessica A. Davila , Louise Henderson , Jennifer R. Kramer , Fasiha Kanwal , Peter A. Richardson , Zhigang Duan , and Hashem B. El-Serag Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Jessica A. Davila and Hashem B. El-Serag Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Michael J. Kelley Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Alain Braillon Metrics 16 August 2011Volume 155, Issue 4Page: 275KeywordsAbdominal painAscitesCirrhosisComputed axial tomographyConflicts of interestHealth care facilitiesHepatitis CHepatocellular carcinomaHospitalizationsUltrasound imaging ePublished: 16 August 2011 Issue Published: 16 August 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Analysis of questions asked by family doctors regarding patient care
Authors: J. W Ely, J. A Osheroff, M. H Ebell, G. R Bergus, B. T Levy, M L. Chambliss, E. R Evans
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To characterise the information needs of family doctors by collecting the questions they asked about patient care during consultations and to classify these in ways that would be useful to developers of knowledge bases. <b>Design:</b> Observational study in which investigators visited doctors for two half days and collected their questions. Taxonomies were developed to characterise the clinical topic and generic type of information sought for each question. <b>Setting:</b> Eastern Iowa. <b>Participants:</b> Random sample of 103 family doctors. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Number of questions posed, pursued, and answered; topic and generic type of information sought for each question; time spent pursuing answers; information resources used. <b>Results:</b> Participants asked a total of 1101 questions. Questions about drug prescribing, obstetrics and gynaecology, and adult infectious disease were most common and comprised 36% of all questions. The taxonomy of generic questions included 69 categories; the three most common types, comprising 24% of all questions, were "What is the cause of symptom X?" "What is the dose of drug X?" and "How should I manage disease or finding X?" Answers to most questions (702, 64%) were not immediately pursued, but, of those pursued, most (318, 80%) were answered Doctors spent an average of less than 2 minutes pursuing an answer, and they used readily available print and human resources Only two questions led to a formal literature search. <b>Conclusions:</b> Family doctors in this study did not pursue answers to most of their questions. Questions about patient care can be organised into a limited number of generic types, which could help guide the efforts of knowledge base developers. <h3>Key messages</h3> Questions that doctors have about the care of their patients could help guide the content of medical information sources and medical training In this study of US family doctors, participants frequently had questions about patient care but did not pursue answers to most questions (64%) On average, participants spent less than 2 minutes seeking an answer to a question The most common resources used to answer questions included textbooks and colleagues; formal literature searches were rarely performed The most common generic questions were "What is the cause of symptom X?" "What is the dose of drug X?" and "How should I manage disease or finding X?"