tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological and therapeutic secrets of plant and brain (endo)cannabinoids
Authors: Lumír Ondřej Hanuš
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2008)

Abstract Research on the chemistry and pharmacology of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids has reached enormous proportions, with approximately 15,000 articles on Cannabis sativa L . and cannabinoids and over 2,000 articles on endocannabinoids. The present review deals with the history of the Cannabis sativa L . plant, its uses, constituent compounds and their biogeneses, and similarity to compounds from Radula spp. In addition, details of the pharmacology of natural cannabinoids, as well as synthetic agonists and antagonists are presented. Finally, details regarding the pioneering isolation of the endocannabinoid anandamide, as well as the pharmacology and potential therapeutic uses of endocannabinoid congeners are presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 2, 213–271, 2009
Hepatic Hematoma after Deep Tissue Massage
Authors: James F. Trotter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Common causes of hepatic hematoma include trauma and rupture of a hepatic tumor (adenoma or hepatoma). We report a case of hepatic hematoma that developed after a deep body massage. A 39-year-old woman who had no history of serious disorders and no liver problems or bleeding disorders and who was not taking any medications underwent a deep body massage that included massage of the abdomen and right upper quadrant. Within 24 hours, vague abdominal discomfort and nausea developed, with pain in the right shoulder. She went to her local hospital 72 hours after the massage for evaluation . . .
Benzodiazepine Compounds and Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Kevin D. Mullen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The report of Basile and his colleagues in this issue of the Journal illustrates some recent trends in research on hepatic encephalopathy.1 First, more work is being performed with collaboration by several disciplines. This paper, for instance, features the work of neuroscientists, hepatologists, and bioorganic chemists. Second, this study provides further evidence in support of the hypothesis that the activation of brain receptors for benzodiazepines is one of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy, a disorder characterized by depression of central nervous system function. Both endogenous and exogenous substances that could activate these receptors exist. This . . .
Scintigraphic Findings of Tibial Adamantinoma on a Three-Phase Bone Scan
Authors: KOKI USUI, WAKAKO YAMAMOTO, NORIYUKI SHUKE, TAMIO ABURANO, YASUHIRO YAMANAKA, YOSHIHIKO TOKUSASHI, NAOYUKI MIYOKAWA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A case of adamantinoma is reported in which three-phase radionuclide bone imaging was performed to characterize the lesion. A 16-year-old boy was hospitalized with left lower leg pain and swelling. On a plain radiograph, an osteolytic lesion was shown in the left tibia. A three-phase bone scan with Tc-99m MDP showed increased blood flow, increased blood pooling, and localized increased accumulation in the area corresponding to the lesion seen on the radiograph, in respective phases. Surgical biopsy revealed that the lesion was an adamantinoma. Adamantinoma should be included in the gamut of positive findings on three-phase bone imaging.
Successful Women in the Sciences: An Analysis of Determinants
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1973)

"One thing is clear about those women regarded as successful in the United States. Women at the top are at the<i>bottom</i>of the top, just as they are at the bottom of any stratum in which they happen to be represented," reports Cynthia Epstein, in this unusual study of successful women scientists. At least, women can take some encouragement from the fact that the New York Academy of Sciences sponsored a three-day conference on the topic, in which the planners, chairpersons, and all but one of the speakers were successful women. The first part consists of 12 brief autobiographies of women, all of whom have been successful in such varied fields as architecture, electrical engineering, consumer science, and medicine. All are wives and mothers. Nearly all report career difficulties because of their sex, overcome by outstanding ability and effort. Most appear well satisified with their combination of career and
Cope's Early Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen
Authors: Tom Balfour
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Old men dream dreams of elegant clinical diagnoses; young men see visions of perfect cross-sectional images. Early Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen, worshipped by three generations of surgeons, is now in its 21st edition; Zachary Cope's versions (from 1921) are now in the rare-books section of medical libraries; the last seven (from 1980) have been revised by Professor William Silen of Harvard Medical School. He has made a noble attempt to retain the original emphasis on diligent clinical assessment, whilst guiding the reader towards appropriate laboratory and radiological investigations. Sadly the reproduction of the CT (computerized tomography) images is so poor as almost to defeat this objective.

Much of the original elegant text (with simple line diagrams) has been retained, and in this age of evidence-based medicine one might question some of Cope's maxims. ‘Severe abdominal pain that lasts more than six hours is caused by some condition of surgical import’. Often but not always! The ‘sweating brow’ may not be caused by a perforated ulcer; the ‘dull gaze and ashen countenance in severe toxaemia’ will not be adequately confirmed by ‘the back of the hand placed on the patient's nose and cheek’.

But I exaggerate. Professor Silen has attempted to identify appropriate complementary tests rather than suggest every conceivable investigation; for example, there is evidence that CT is over-used in patients with an ‘acute abdomen’.

The saving grace is that this same technique has led to a greater appreciation of applied surgical anatomy, which was always emphasized by Sir Zachary. Yet his standard of clinical evaluation would exceed most of our abilities. How many would ‘personally examine the blood smear and urinary sediment’? To exclude tabes dorsalis would our junior surgeons test the knee jerks and examine the pupils?

Mr Cope, as he then was, would have been perplexed by the added sections on laparoscopy or immunocompromised patients, for example, but he would doubtless rejoice that degrees Fahrenheit had not been banished by Celsius. There is much repetition in the text as individual acute abdominal problems are discussed, each with its recurring differential diagnosis; but who could resist the inclusion of Sir Zachary's personal account of his own acute cholecystitis in 1969, at the age of 80—‘one is never too old to learn’, he concluded.

No biography is offered in this new edition, nor is it necessary; the original text remains its own definitive reference. This is a brave attempt to continue the resuscitation of a unique book. It will be of interest to those with a love of books and of the history of 20th century surgery. It will appeal less to trainee surgeons seeking a core text to prepare for 21st century examinations; they must look elsewhere. Every surgeon should heed Cope's note of caution when dealing with an acute abdomen: ‘the dextrous hand must not be allowed to reach before imperfect judgment’.
Immortalized p19ARF null hepatocytes restore liver injury and generate hepatic progenitors after transplantation
Authors: Mario Mikula, Eva Fuchs, Heidemarie Huber, Hartmut Beug, Rolf Schulte-Hermann, Wolfgang Mikulits
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Primary hepatocytes are blocked in mitotic activity and well-defined culture conditions only allow the limited expansion of these cells. Various genetic modifications have therefore been employed to establish immortalized hepatic cell lines, but, unfortunately, proper hepatocyte cultures conducting a faithful hepatic gene expression program and lacking malignancy are hardly available. Here we report the immortalization of primary hepatocytes isolated from p19 ARF null mice using the rationale that loss of p19 ARF lowers growth-suppressive functions of p53 and bypasses cellular senescence without losing genetic stability. The established hepatocytes, called MIM, express liver-specific markers, show a nontumorigenic phenotype, and competence to undergo Fas-mediated apoptosis. Intrasplenic transplantation of GFP-expressing parental MIM cells into Fas-injured livers of SCID mice revealed liver-reconstituting activity. In the regenerated liver, MIM cells localized in small-sized clusters and showed presence in structures comparable to canals of Hering, the site of oval cells. Transplantation of MIM-Bcl-X L cells, which are protected against apoptosis, and successive Fas-induced liver damage, enhanced donor-derived liver repopulation by showing differentiation into cholangiocytes and cells expressing markers characteristic of both fetal hepatocytes and oval cells. In conclusion, these data indicate that long-term cultivated p19 ARF null hepatocytes are capable of generating hepatic progenitor cells during liver restoration, and thus represent a highly valuable tool to study the differentiation repertoire of hepatocytes. (Hepatology 2004;39:628-634.)
Differential Glucose Tolerance in Dipper and Nondipper Essential Hypertension: The implications of circadian blood pressure regulation on glucose tolerance in hypertension
Authors: Jaw-Wen Chen, Shu-Long Jen, Wen-Lieng Lee, Nai-Wei Hsu, Shing-Jong Lin, Chih-Tai Ting, Mau-Song Chang, Ping H Wang
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE The goals of this study were to compare glucose tolerance in dipper and nondipper hypertensive patients and to explore the cause of glucose intolerance in essential hypertension. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 50 patients &amp;lt;45 years old who had essential hypertension were recruited and studied by 24-h blood pressure monitoring and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Autonomic function was assessed with spectral analysis of heart rate variability. RESULTS Dipper hypertensive patients (n = 25) had lower nocturnal blood pressure than nondipper (n = 25) patients. During OGTT, postprandial glucose levels were higher in the nondippers at 0,90, and 120 min (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). Nondippers had a higher fasting insulin/glucose ratio than was apparent in normal control subjects. Despite higher postprandial glucose levels, nondippers had lower postprandial insulin levels. These results suggest that nondippers were insulin resistant and that their pancreatic β-cell function was impaired. For all patients, nocturnal reduction of blood pressure was inversely related to total glucose levels under the OGTT curve and was positively related to postprandial insulin levels. Daytime heart rate did not differ between the dippers and nondippers, but nocturnal heart rate was higher in the nondippers, suggesting that nocturnal sympathetic activities were higher among the nondippers. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability suggests that the nondippers had lower parasympathetic activities and unbalanced sympathetic/parasympathetic outflow. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that nondipper hypertensive patients are more glucose intolerant than are dipper patients. The abnormalities of glucose metabolism in nondippers could be explained by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. The results of spectral analysis suggest that abnormal autonomic outflow may represent a possible link between hypertension and associated metabolic dysfunction.
Pressor reactions to psychological stress and prediction of future blood pressure: data from the Whitehall II study
Authors: D. Carroll, G. D. Smith, D. Sheffield, M. J Shipley, M. G Marmot
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To examine whether reactions of blood pressure to psychological stress predict future blood pressure.Blood pressure was recorded at a medical screening examination after which pressor reactions to a psychological stress task were determined. Follow up measurement of blood pressure was undertaken, on average, 4.9 years later.20 civil service departments in London.1003 male civil servants aged between 35 and 55 years at entry to the study.Blood pressure at follow up screening.Reactions of systolic blood pressure to stress correlated positively with systolic blood pressure at follow up screening (r = 0.22, P < 0.01). The dominant correlate of follow up blood pressure was blood pressure at initial screening (r = 0.60; P < 0.01 between initial and follow up systolic blood pressure; r = 0.59, P < 0.01 between initial and follow up diastolic blood pressure). Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that reactions to the stressor provided minimal prediction of follow up blood pressure over and above that afforded by blood pressure at initial screening. In the case of follow up systolic blood pressure, systolic reactions to stress accounted for only 1% of follow up variance; systolic blood pressure at initial screening accounted for 34%. With regard to diastolic blood pressure at follow up, the independent contribution from diastolic reactions to stress was less than 1%.Pressor reactions to psychological stress provide minimal independent prediction of blood pressure at follow up. Measurement of reactivity is not a useful clinical index of the course of future blood pressure.
Relationships with the drug industry: More regulation, greater transparency
Authors: H. M Krumholz, J. S Ross
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The relationship between the drug industry, academia, healthcare professionals, and patients is widely held to be at an all time low, and it is in the interests of all parties to improve it. A recent report from the Royal College of Physicians gives 42 recommendations aimed at forging a more productive partnership with industry. Here we set out five views on what the ideal relationship between industry and prescribers and patients should be and what steps need to be taken to achieve it (doi:10.1136/bmj.b222, doi:10.1136/bmj.b232, doi:10.1136/bmj.b234, doi:10.1136/bmj.b252)
Abnormal Pancreatic Glucagon Secretion and Postprandial Hyperglycemia In Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: John E. Gerich
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Plasma glucose and glucagon responses to standard meals containing carbohydrate, fat, and protein as in normal diets were studied in 12 subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes and 12 normal subjects. Diabetics had two to three times greater glucagon responses than did normal subjects. Fifteen units of insulin injection did not normalize these excessive glucagon responses, although postprandial hyperglycemia was reduced. Infusion of somatostatin at a dosage of 500 mug/hr prevented glucagon responses and diminished postprandial hyperglycemia by 60%. The combination of insulin and somatostatin caused a progressive fall in plasma glucose levels despite meal ingestion. Somatostatin and insulin, administered subcutaneously in the same syringe, also abolished postprandial hyperglycemia. These studies indicate that excessive glucagon secretion participates in the genesis of diabetic postprandial hyperglycemia. Somatostatin, an inhibitor of glucagon secretion, may thus prove useful as an adjunct to insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Is EVE Ectopic?
Authors: J. E. Block
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Like others before me (241:2141, 1979), I, too, commend David H. Spodick, MD, DSc (240:2439, 1978), on his witty essay "Vogue Words—Ectopic Language." I agree in principle, but not in theory, with the comments made by Sanford Pinna, MD (241:2141, 1979), renaming Dr Spodick's ventricular ectopic beat (VEB) a ventricular ectopic event (VEE). Precedence has already been established in calling this anomaly an ectopic ventricular excitation (EVE).<sup>1</sup> With only minimal criticism we accept the term "ectopic," and all of us support the adjective "ventricular" in denoting the site of the action. "Excitation" I defend as a better expression than "beat" or "event." "Beat" is an auscultatory finding, while "event" does not truly reflect the electropathology of the heart. Semantics aside, the value of employing the term EVE is that it is voiced as a short single word. Being monosyllabic, EVE takes less time to say than
India plans universal screening of newborns amid logistical challenges
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2012)

India’s health ministry plans to introduce universal screening of children for disabilities and deficiencies next year, more than a decade after sections of the paediatric profession had first suggested that newborn screening should receive priority on a par with immunisation.

The programme will initially screen 140 million children, from newborns up to children six years of age, India’s health minister Ghulam Nabi Azad told a conference of state health ministers and health officials from across India. A senior health official clarified earlier this week that the programme would begin in district hospitals in early 2013 and eventually expand to primary health centres serving clusters of villages.

“We’ll start screening for hearing, vision, and certain mental disabilities,” said Prasanna …
Case 21-1982
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Presentation of Case A 30-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of multiple trauma. He was apparently well until the evening of admission, when he was involved in a motorcycle accident. He was taken to another hospital, where physical examination showed that the pulse was 84 and the blood pressure was 60/30 mm Hg. The patient was alert and oriented. Multiple fractures were noted. The abdomen was distended and tender. An x-ray film of the chest showed widening of the mediastinum. Nasal oxygen was administered, and a nasogastric tube and an indwelling bladder catheter were inserted. Fluids were administered . . .
THE EFFECT OF AORTIC CONSTRICTION ON ALDOSTERONE SECRETION IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED DOGS*
Authors: William F. Ganong, Patrick J. Mulrow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

Nephrectomy inhibits the increase in aldosterone secretion caused by hemorrhage in hypophysecto- mized dogs (1, 2).Kidney extracts, renin prepa- rations, and synthetic angiotensin II increase al- dosterone secretion in nephrectomized, hypophysectomized dogs (3-6).Since hemorrhage leads to increased renin secretion (7, 8), it seems probable that the increase in aldosterone secretion after hemorrhage in hypophysectomized dogs is mediated by the renin-angiotensin mechanism.If this hypothesis is true, other stimuli that have been used to increase renin secretion should cause a rise in aldosterone output.Constriction of the aorta above the origin of the renal arteries appears to be such a stimulus (9, 10).The present study demonstrates that constriction of the aorta above the renal arteries can stimulate aldosterone secre- tion.
A Family Development Approach to Studying Factors in the Management and Control of Childhood Diabetes
Authors: J R Newbrough, Celeste G Simpkins, Helen Maurer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

The study of family factors that relate to diabetes management and metabolic control is crucial because of the family's central role in this management. Four sequential phases of diabetes management are specified in this review: (1) the pre-onset stage; (2) the onset, crisis stage; (3) the accommodation stage; and (4) the stabilization stage. Each stage can be expected to influence the following stage. Thus, each is important to later management of the condition. No theory of family functioning provides a satisfactory framework for understanding the complex relationships between family development and diabetes. The Peabody Family Development Model is introduced as a more complex and systematic way of understanding the stages of management and the long-term view of the individual and family development. Individual and family are acting and reacting, and at the same time, coping with outside influences while moving from one life stage to the other. Historic factors of family and community influence one's view of the world and, consequently, the way regular routines are carried out. Individual characteristics influence individual behavior at any given point in time. The model has at its core a stress-support paradigm, and has an ecologie frame of reference. Behavior is a result of all preceding factors, and information processed is fed back into the system. The Peabody Family Development Model is a way to organize a variety of information on family functioning and to specify how it might relate to the Control of diabetes in children.
Analgesic-Abuse Nephropathy-Reply
Authors: Martin Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Blewitt's letter makes several cogent and reasonable points about analgesic nephropathy. I certainly agree that more information and epidemiologic data are needed in the 1980s. In addition, I totally support the view that further experimental work is necessary to compare the safety and hazards of currently used analgesic components. I am not totally convinced that<i>analgesic abuse nephropathy</i>is a more appropriate term than<i>analgesic associated nephropathy</i>or just plain<i>analgesic nephropathy</i>. Not all patients reported as having this disorder have abused the drugs because of their own psychological needs or dysfunction. In some instances at least, the analgesic mixtures were prescribed or recommended by physicians or pharmacists. Hence, it is unfair (to the patient) to provide a "value-judgment term" in the formal diagnosis. The fact that phenacetin is not used much in the United States is not yet a cause for elation regarding analgesic nephropathy in
Consumption of heat-treated egg by children allergic or sensitized to egg can affect the natural course of egg allergy: Hypothesis-generating observations
Authors: George N. Konstantinou, Stavroula Giavi, Aleksandra Kalobatsou, Emilia Vassilopoulou, Nikolaos Douladiris, Photini Saxoni-Papageorgiou, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Dissection sous-muqueuse endoscopique (DSME): résultats chez 75 patients
Authors: M Giovannini, E Bories, C Pesenti, F Caillol, G Monges, JR Delpero
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: La DSME a été initialement décrite par les auteurs japonais dans le traitement endoscopique du cancer superficiel de l'estomac permettant une résection »en bloc« de lésions de plus de 2cm de diamètre. Nous rapportons notre expérience chez 75 patients.
Incidental Detection of Bilateral Elastofibroma Dorsi With F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Christopher W. Wasyliw, Vicente J. Caride
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

An 83-year-old asymptomatic woman with a history of breast cancer treated with resection, radiation, and chemotherapy was studied with F-18 FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for staging purposes. The whole-body F-18 FDG PET/CT images revealed poorly circumscribed, bilateral soft tissue masses between the inferior tips of the scapulae and chest wall with a moderate degree of F-18 FDG accumulation. The maximum standardized uptake values were 2.8 for both the left and right lesions. A biopsy or further imaging was not recommended because the lesions were asymptomatic, bilateral, and their imaging features were diagnostic for elastofibroma dorsi. Comparison to a CT scan performed 2 years earlier demonstrated stability of the lesions, further supporting our diagnosis. Recognition of this moderately metabolic benign entity in oncologic patients will avoid unnecessary medical, radiologic, or surgical interventions.