tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Decreased risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with vitiligo: a survey among 1307 patients and their partners
Authors: H.E. Teulings, M. Overkamp, E. Ceylan, L. Nieuweboer-Krobotova, J.D. Bos, T. Nijsten, A.W. Wolkerstorfer, R.M. Luiten, J.P.W. van der Veen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Vitiligo is a common skin disease characterized by autoimmune melanocyte destruction. Recent genetic studies suggest a lower susceptibility to melanoma in patients with vitiligo; however, lifetime melanoma prevalence in patients with vitiligo has not previously been studied. Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) prevalence has been studied, but only in small studies and with contradictory results.This retrospective, comparative cohort survey was designed to assess lifetime prevalences of melanoma and NMSC in patients with vitiligo compared with nonvitiligo controls.Patients with nonsegmental vitiligo, who visited our clinic between January 1995 and September 2010, and were aged 50 years or older at the time of the study, were invited to participate in a postal survey. The questions regarded demographics, vitiligo characteristics, phototherapy history, skin cancer risk factors and the number of skin cancers experienced during the patient's lifetime. Patients were asked to have their partner fill in a control questionnaire. All skin cancers were validated by a pathology report. In total 2635 invitations were sent and 1307 eligible questionnaires were returned (50%). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to quantify adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between vitiligo and lifetime prevalences of melanoma and NMSC. Adjusted for confounders, patients with vitiligo had a threefold lower probability of developing melanoma (adjusted OR 0·32; 95% CI 0·12-0·88) and NMSC (adjusted OR 0·28; 95% CI 0·16-0·50). Subgroup analyses of patients treated with narrowband ultraviolet (UV) B, and psoralen and UVA did not show dose-related trends of increased age-adjusted lifetime prevalence of melanoma or NMSC.Our findings suggest that patients with vitiligo have a decreased risk of both melanoma and NMSC.
Abstract 2832: Single nucleotide polymorphisms of DPYD and MTHFR predict adverse events associated with 5-fluorouracil in patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Masahide Toshima, Shinobu Ohnuma, Michiiro Tanaka, Koh Miura, Wataru Fujibuchi, Taiki Kajiwara, Toshihiro Komura, Hiroaki Musha, Sho Haneda, Katsuyoshi Kudoh, Atsushi Kohyama, Takeshi Naitoh, Michiaki Unno
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the association between 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-related adverse events (AEs) in Japanese patients with gastrointestinal cancer treated with 5-FU and the patient genotypes DPYD, MTHFR, OPRT, and TYMS. Methods Sequence analyses of 33 gene polymorphisms in four genes were performed using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 103 patients with gastric (n = 34) or colorectal (n = 69) cancer. The 5-FU-related AEs of 157 regimens in these 103 patients were evaluated based on the medical records of patients in each of three groups: the intravenous administration group (i.v. group, n = 51), oral administration group (p.o. group, n = 106), and all-regimens group (both i.v. and p.o. group, n = 157). The associations between the incidence of AEs and each genotype were statistically analyzed. Results Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified (three SNPs in DPYD: c.496A&amp;gt;G, c.1905+1G&amp;gt;A, and c.2303C&amp;gt;A; two SNPs in MTHFR: c.677C&amp;gt;T and c.1298A&amp;gt;C; and one SNP in OPRT: c.638G&amp;gt;C). Among them, the patients in the all-regimens group carrying any one of three DPYD SNPs showed statistically significant associations with the incidence of AEs of any type and fatigue. Furthermore, the MTHFR SNP c.1298A&amp;gt;C was significantly associated with the incidence of neutropenia. A similar trend was observed in the p.o. group, but not in the i.v. group. Conclusion These findings suggest that the DPYD SNPs c.496A&amp;gt;G, c.1905+1G&amp;gt;A, and c.2303C&amp;gt;A and the MTHFR SNP c.1298A&amp;gt;C may be predictive factors for the occurrence of severe 5-FU-related AEs. Citation Format: Masahide Toshima, Shinobu Ohnuma, Michiiro Tanaka, Koh Miura, Wataru Fujibuchi, Taiki Kajiwara, Toshihiro Komura, Hiroaki Musha, Sho Haneda, Katsuyoshi Kudoh, Atsushi Kohyama, Takeshi Naitoh, Michiaki Unno. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of DPYD and MTHFR predict adverse events associated with 5-fluorouracil in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2832. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2832
Abstract 63: Higher Exercise Capacity Predicts Lower Levels of Inflammation in Both Men and Women with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Tarec K Elajami, Afsaneh Morteza, Maria D. Avila, Jennifer A Vetter, Francine K Welty
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Metabolic equivalent (METS) estimates the amount of oxygen the body uses during physical activity and reflects cardiorespiratory fitness. Exercise capacity (measured in METS), peripheral white blood cell count (WBC) and microalbuminuria (urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio -MCR) are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Monocytes are an initiating event in atherosclerosis and are a measure of inflammation as are WBC and MCR. Hypothesis: Higher exercise capacity is associated with lower levels of inflammation (WBC, monocyte count and MCR) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: 291 subjects with stable CAD underwent graded exercise treadmill stress testing with calculation of METS. WBC, monocyte count and MCR were measured. Multivariate linear regression modeling was employed to identify predictors of inflammation for the total group and then stratified by gender and diabetes status. Results: METS was inversely correlated with and the best predictor of WBC, monocyte count and MCR for the total group and for men and women although age was slightly better than METS for WBC in men (see Table). When stratified by diabetes status, METS was inversely correlated with and the best predictor of monocyte count and MCR in non-diabetics whereas in diabetics, BMI was the best predictor. METS was significantly inversely correlated with WBC in diabetics and non-diabetics although age was slightly better in non-diabetics. Conclusions: Higher exercise capacity may have cardiovascular protective effects in patients with CAD through an anti-inflammatory effect as reflected in the lower levels of peripheral WBC, monocytes and microalbuminuria. Our findings suggest that exercise capacity could be a measure of chronic inflammation in patients with CAD and support the importance of exercise training in improving inflammation. The less pronounced effect of METS on monocyte count and MCR in diabetics could be due to other factors affecting inflammation in diabetics.
Genetic variation in the 5q31 cytokine gene cluster confers susceptibility to Crohn disease
Authors: John D. Rioux, Mark J. Daly, Mark S. Silverberg, Kerstin Lindblad, Hillary Steinhart, Zane Cohen, Terrye Delmonte, Kerry Kocher, Katie Miller, Sheila Guschwan, Edward J. Kulbokas, Sinead O'Leary, Ellen Winchester, Ken Dewar, Todd Green, Valerie Stone, Christine Chow, Albert Cohen, Diane Langelier, Gilles Lapointe, Daniel Gaudet, Janet Faith, Nancy Branco, Shelley B. Bull, Robin S. McLeod, Anne M. Griffiths, Alain Bitton, Gordon R. Greenberg, Eric S. Lander, Katherine A. Siminovitch, Thomas J. Hudson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Abstract MP38: The Program SI! Intervention for Enhancing a Healthy Lifestyle among Children aged 3 to 5: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: JOSE L PENALVO, MERCEDES SOTOS-PRIETO, GLORIA SANTOS-BENEIT, STUART POCOCK, JULIANA REDONDO, VALENTIN FUSTER
Journal: Circulation (2014)

The development of CVD risk factors carries a behavioral component that may be corrected at an early age, when behaviors are first formed, by effective health promotion initiatives. School-based interventions are an effective way to promote healthy behaviors, specially when they also reach out to the children’s most proximal environment: their families, teachers and the school itself. Within this framework, the first phase of the long-term Program SI! intervention targets children from 3 to 5 years of age aiming to establish appropriate lifestyle behaviors early in life. The intervention entails a comprehensive approach including four lifestyle-related components: correct dietary habits, promotion of physical activity, understanding how the human body and heart work, and emotion’s management. To evaluate the efficacy of the Program SI! to instill healthy behaviors in children aged 3-5, a cluster-randomized controlled trial in public schools in the city of Madrid (Spain) was initiated in 2011. A total 24 schools were selected on the basis of socio-demographic characteristics. These included 2062 children (3-5 years), 1949 families, and 125 teachers at baseline. Schools were randomized (1:1) to follow their usual school curriculum or to engage in the intervention. The primary outcome of this report is the 2-years differential change from baseline in scores for knowledge, attitudes and habits (KAH) in the four components of the intervention between intervention and control. Children were interviewed by trained psychologists and scored on overall and component-specific KAH questionnaires. The Test for Emotional Comprehension (TEC) was used to assess children’s ability to recognize emotions. Mixed linear models accounting for the cluster-randomized design were used to test for intervention effects. Fixed effects in each model were the corresponding baseline score, the class year, and the treatment group. Schools were handled as random effects. After 2 years, the Program SI! intervention increased children’s overall KAH score (5.6, 95%CI, 4.1-7.1, p&lt;0.001) corresponding to an additional 7% improvement in the intervened children. KAH assessing improved Physical activity contributed the most (3.39, 95%CI, 2.35-4.43, p&lt;0.001) to the difference between groups, followed by KAH relating Dietary habits (1.78, 95%CI, 0.94-2.62, p&lt;0.001). A weak, non-significant improvement in KAH score for Human body (0.37, 95%CI, -0.14-0.89) was also found. Regarding emotion’s management, this component also increased after the intervention (0.50, 95%CI, 0.02-0.97, p&lt;0.040), with greater improvements in older children (5 years old). The Program SI! is demonstrated as an effective and feasible strategy for improving lifestyle behaviors among very young children that may eventually impact in lower rates of development of CVD risk factors.
Abstract 306: Similar Hemodynamic Efficacy Between 30 mm and 50 mm Compression Depth During Mechanical Chest Compression with Weil Mini Chest Compressor
Authors: Zhengfei Yang, Ping Gong, Xiaobo Wu, Jie Qian, Shen Zhao, Neil Duggal, Wanchun Tang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Current guidelines require a 50 mm compression depth for manual chest compression. During mechanical chest compression, however, because of the design of each device, whether this depth yields the most optimal hemodynamic efficacy remains to be tested. In this study, we investigated the effects of compression depth on hemodynamics efficacy during mechanical CPR with the Weil Mini Chest Compressor in a porcine model. Hypothesis: There is no significant difference in hemodynamic efficacy between compression depth of 30 mm and 50 mm during mechanical CPR with the Weil Mini Chest Compressor. Methods: Ten male domestic pigs weighing 34±2 kg were utilized. Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced and untreated for 7 min. The animals were then randomized to receive compression depth of 30 mm or 50 mm. Coincident with the start of precordial compression, the animals were mechanically ventilated at a rate of 10 breaths per minute. Defibrillation was attempted by a single 150 J shock. If resuscitation was not successful, CPR was resumed for 2 mins prior to the next defibrillation until either successful resuscitation or for a total of 15 mins. Results: All animals were successfully resuscitated. There were no differences in coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and carotid blood flow (CBF) between the two groups (Table). A significantly less rib fracture was observed in the 30 mm group [0 (0-0) vs 1.2 (0-2), p&lt;0.05]. Conclusion: Similar hemodynamic efficacy was observed between 30 and 50 mm compression depth during mechanical CPR with the Weil Mini Chest Compressor.
Abstract 1896: Clinicopathologic characteristics for elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotie repeats (EMAST) in colorectal cancer of Korean patients
Authors: Myong Hoon Ihn, Duck-Woo Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Kyoung Un Park, Soo Young Lee, Heung-Kwon Oh, Sung-Bum Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a hallmark of tumors with mismatch repair deficiency. Recently, a different type of instability, elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) has been reported in colorectal cancers. EMAST was reported to be associated with various clinicopathologic characteristics, including MSI status, race, tumor progression, and morphology and differentiation of tumor. However, contrary to MSI status which is well known prognostic and predictive marker in CRC, clinical implication of EMAST in CRC is still unclear. We evaluated EMAST and MSI status in 88 sporadic CRC cases using five markers (MYCL1, D9S242, D20S85, D8S321, and D20S82) for EMAST and Bethesda panel for MSI status, respectively. Clinicopathologic data of the patients were collected and analyzed. Tumors showing frameshifts in at least two or more EMAST markers were classified as EMAST-positive. Among 88 tumors, EMAST-positive tumors were 22 (25.0%) and MSI-H tumors were 32 (36.4%). EMAST-positive tumors showed proximal location of tumor (90.9% vs. 66.7%, p=0.029), less frequent loss of thymidylate synthase expression (4.5% vs. 34.8%, p=0.005), MSI-H (81.8% vs. 21.2%, p&amp;lt;0.001), nuclear heterogeneity of hMSH3 expression (77.3% vs. 51.5%, p=0.046) when compared with non-EMAST tumor. The other variables including age, gender, gross type and differentiation of tumor, a presence of stromal reaction, and tumor stage were not associated with EMAST status. In addition, overall and disease-free survival rate were similar between EMAST and non-EMAST tumor. In this study, MSI-H tumors showed very high frequency of EMAST-positive and clinical characteristics of EMAST and non-EMAST tumor were definitely different. Citation Format: Myong Hoon Ihn, Duck-Woo Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Kyoung Un Park, Soo Young Lee, Heung-Kwon Oh, Sung-Bum Kang. Clinicopathologic characteristics for elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotie repeats (EMAST) in colorectal cancer of Korean patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1896. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1896
Low–Glycemic Load Diet and Resting Energy Expenditure—Reply
Authors: Mark A. Pereira, David S. Ludwig
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DIFFUSE INTERSTITIAL PULMONARY FIBROSIS CAMOUFLAGED BY HYPERMETABOLISM AND CARDIAC FAILURE: ANTEMORTEM DIAGNOSIS WITH BIOPSY AND CATHETERIZATION STUDIES
Authors: JACOB J. SILVERMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P., THEODORE J. TALBOT, M.D., F.A.C.P.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1953)

ExcerptDiffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs, first described in 1944 by Hamman and Rich,1is a rare condition the diagnosis of which is established after death and only after careful microscopic studies.1-12It is the purpose of this report to present a case of diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs that was correctly diagnosed before death by means of cardiac catheterization and lung biopsy studies. The report is of additional interest because of several unusual features. First, the patient demonstrated early in the course of the illness a hypermetabolic state that was erroneously interpreted and treated as hyperthyroidism. Later he...
The Case Against Psychoanalysis
Authors: Andrew Salter
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 37: Bone metastases in renal cell carcinoma are predicted by characteristics of the primary tumor
Authors: Elke Schneider, Tobias Haber, Frederick C. Roos, Christian Hampel, Kerstin Junker, Joachim W. Thüroff, Walburgis Brenner
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: The poor prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is caused by a high risk of metastasis. 30 % of all RCC patients develop bone metastases during course of disease. The outcome of RCC patients with bone metastases is poor so that a prediction would be of advantage. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms that lead to an organ specific metastasis of RCC in bones and probably predict bone metastasis. Methods: In 30 RCC tissue specimens and 9 RCC primary cell lines collected from patients who had developed no metastases, lung or bone metastases within 5 years after nephrectomy (each 10 RCC tissue specimens, each 3 RCC cell lines) expression and/or activity of 46 cellular signalling molecules were quantified by a phospho kinase array and Western blot analyses. As steps of metastasis, migration of the primary RCC cells was analysed in a Boyden chamber with 10 µg/ml fibronectin as chemotaxin, adhesion to extracellular matrix compounds fibronectin, collagen I and IV was determined after cell staining with crystal violet. Results: In RCC tissue specimens and primary cells from patients who developed bone metastases a higher expression of alpha5 integrins, higher activity of Akt and FAK as well as a lower expression of PTEN was detected, compared to those from patients without or with lung metastases. According to these results we observed an enhanced chemotactic migration (13-fold) of bone metastatic RCC cells and adhesion to fibronectin (6-fold) or collagen type I (8-fold) - both components of the bone matrix. Conclusion: These results show that specific characteristics like the expression and activity of cell signalling mediators and the cellular behaviour of the primary tumor determine the location of the subsequent metastasis in RCC and could be used as prognostic marker for bone metastasis. This should be considered during follow-up care. Funded by the Wilhelm Sander Foundation Citation Format: Elke Schneider, Tobias Haber, Frederick C. Roos, Christian Hampel, Kerstin Junker, Joachim W. Thüroff, Walburgis Brenner. Bone metastases in renal cell carcinoma are predicted by characteristics of the primary tumor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 37. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-37
Analysis of circulating prostate tumor cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Margaret Leversha, Long Cao, Zahra Asgari, Daniel Danila, Rita Gonzalez-Espinosa, Aseem Anand, Hans Lilja, Glenn Heller, Martin Fleisher, Howard Scher
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

PL07   Patients with metastatic prostate cancer typically shed significant numbers of tumor cells into the circulation, so blood samples provide a minimally-invasive means of assessing disease status and can be used for monitoring response to new therapies. The enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has recently been approved as a prognostic biomarker, and changes in CTC numbers over time provide a clear indication of individual patient disease and response to therapy. These enumeration samples provide a valuable source of tumor cells for further molecular analysis. We are using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on CTC enumeration samples collected from men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer undergoing a variety of new therapies. We will report our experience with FISH, including a 4-color probe combination comprising the Androgen Receptor locus ( AR ), X centromere,  MYC , and  NAT2  as an 8p copy marker. In an initial set of 25 patients analyzed with this probe combination we observed high-level chromosomal amplification of  AR  in 48% and gain of  MYC  (relative to 8p copy number) in 68% of patients. Furthermore, considerable chromosomal heterogeneity was observed, so it is possible to monitor changes evolving in successive samples over time. Overall, the isolated CTCs present a very similar molecular cytogenetic profile to that reported for late stage tumors, but the increased incidence of  AR  amplification reflects both the effectiveness of modern androgen ablation therapies and the critical importance of androgen signaling even in very late stage prostate cancer.