tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Merits of Subtyping Obesity
Authors: Alison E. Field, Carlos A. Camargo, Shuji Ogino
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Rupture of Stomach After Attempted Heimlich Maneuver
Authors: Dorwyn W. Croom
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I refer to the recent report by Roehm et al entitled "Abdominal Aortic Thrombosis in Association With an Attempted Heimlich Maneuver" (1983;249:1186). I recently performed a medical examiner autopsy on a patient with rupture of the stomach after an attempted Heimlich maneuver. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 39-year-old man was a rest home resident with cerebral palsy, organic brain syndrome, epilepsy, and diabetes mellitus. During a noon meal, he collapsed and ceased breathing. The Heimlich maneuver was attempted several times by a food service employee making a delivery to the rest home. No foreign body was obtained. A rest home employee then performed mouth-to-mouth resuscitation with restoration of spontaneous respirations. During transport to a hospital by emergency medical personnel, the patient vomited or coughed up a mass of food material 3.8 cm (1.5 in) in diameter. On arrival at the emergency room, the patient was cyanotic and
Significant clinical implications of prophylactic pancreatic stent placement in previously normal pancreatic ducts
Authors: Y. Bakman, K. Safdar, M. Freeman
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Pancreatic duct stent placement is increasingly performed for the prevention of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); however stents can result in injury especially in normal ducts. The clinical significance and outcomes of subsequent endoscopic therapy are unknown. This study was a retrospective review of the management of symptomatic stent-induced pancreatic duct injury following stent placement for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in eight patients with previously normal pancreatic ducts. Subsequent treatment included pancreatic sphincterotomy, balloon dilation of stricture, and placement of multiple 3 – 5-Fr soft polymer pancreatic stents. All patients showed improvement or resolution of pancreatic strictures. Five patients had resolution or substantial improvement of pain, one patient showed a fair response with repeated ERCPs, and two patients failed to respond and underwent total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation. Pancreatic duct stent-induced ductal injury with significant clinical consequences can occur with conventional polyethylene stents. Endoscopic therapy is moderately effective but some patients develop irreversible damage. Caution should be used when placing standard polyethylene stents in normal ducts. Further research is required to identify safer materials and configurations of pancreatic stents.
PREVENTION OF VENEREAL DISEASES.
Authors: DAVID LIEBERTHAL
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Occasionally, and fortunately of late more frequently, a medical man has raised his voice for the protection of society against the insidious evils of venereal disease. Thanks to the profession, by whom only the proper instructions can be given, society already shows signs of realizing the danger. I shall not dwell at length on prostitution proper, nor refer to statistics and quotations of sentiments. What I desire to say is, that prostitution carried on as a trade is by no means so great a menace as is clandestine prostitution or illegal cohabitation. I shall not advocate a legalized compulsory inspection of prostitutes, because of the directly unfavorable effect it would produce. Many a house would conceal its true nature from the public officers in order to avoid rigid inspection and expense. Most of these institutions deem it a wise policy to take all precautions to avoid a loss of patronage
BH3 Mimetic ABT-737 Potentiates TRAIL-Mediated Apoptotic Signaling by Unsequestering Bim and Bak in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Shengbing Huang, Frank A. Sinicrope
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to induce mitochondrial apoptotic signaling that can be negatively regulated by prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins. ABT-737 is a small-molecule BH3 mimetic that binds to and antagonizes Bcl-2/Bcl-xL but not Mcl-1. We show that ABT-737 can synergistically enhance TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. ABT-737 was shown to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis as shown by DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-8 and Bid, and cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. A Bax conformational change induced by TRAIL was enhanced by ABT-737. ABT-737 disrupted the interaction of Bak with Bcl-xL in both cell lines. Furthermore, ABT-737 untethered the proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim from its sequestration by Bcl-xL or Bcl-2. Bim small hairpin RNA (shRNA) was shown to attenuate caspase-3 cleavage and to reduce the cytotoxic effects of TRAIL plus ABT-737 compared with shRNA control cells. Finally, Mcl-1 shRNA potentiated caspase-3 cleavage by ABT-737 and enhanced its cytotoxic effects. Taken together, ABT-737 augments TRAIL-induced cell killing by unsequestering Bim and Bak and enhancing a Bax conformational change induced by TRAIL. These findings suggest a novel strategy to enhance cross-talk between the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways to improve therapeutic efficacy against pancreatic cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):2944–51]
Luminal NaCl delivery regulates basolateral PGE2 release from macula densa cells
Authors: János Peti-Peterdi, Peter Komlosi, Amanda L. Fuson, Youfei Guan, André Schneider, Zhonghua Qi, Reyadh Redha, Laszlo Rosivall, Matthew D. Breyer, P. Darwin Bell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Macula densa (MD) cells express COX-2 and COX-2–derived PGs appear to signal the release of renin from the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus, especially during volume depletion. However, the synthetic machinery and identity of the specific prostanoid released from intact MD cells remains uncertain. In the present studies, a novel biosensor tool was engineered to directly determine whether MD cells release PGE2 in response to low luminal NaCl concentration ([NaCl]L). HEK293 cells were transfected with the Ca2+-coupled E-prostanoid receptor EP1 (HEK/EP1) and loaded with fura-2. HEK/EP1 cells produced a significant elevation in intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) by 29.6 ± 12.8 nM (n = 6) when positioned at the basolateral surface of isolated perfused MD cells and [NaCl]L was reduced from 150 mM to zero. HEK/EP1 [Ca2+]i responses were observed mainly in preparations from rabbits on a low-salt diet and were completely inhibited by either a selective COX-2 inhibitor or an EP1 antagonist, and also by 100 μM luminal furosemide. Also, 20-mM graduated reductions in [NaCl]L between 80 and 0 mM caused step-by-step increases in HEK/EP1 [Ca2+]i. Low-salt diet greatly increased the expression of both COX-2 and microsome-associated PGE synthase (mPGES) in the MD. These studies provide the first direct evidence that intact MD cells synthesize and release PGE2 during reduced luminal salt content and suggest that this response is important in the control of renin release and renal vascular resistance during salt deprivation.
Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Docetaxel (AC→T) with Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Docetaxel and Trastuzumab (AC→TH) with Docetaxel, Carboplatin and Trastuzumab (TCH) in Her2neu Positive Early Breast Cancer Patients: BCIRG 006 Study.
Authors: D. Slamon, W. Eiermann, N. Robert, T. Pienkowski, M. Martin, J. Rolski, A. Chan, J. Mackey, M. Liu, T. Pinter, V. Valero, C. Falkson, T. Fornander, T. Shiftan, S. Olsen, M. Buyse, T. Kiskartalyi, V. Landreau, V. Wilson, M. Press, J. Crown
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Evaluation of the long-term benefit of biologically-based regimens of trastuzumab in the early breast cancer population, and optimization of trastuzumab integration to maximize efficacy and minimize cardiac toxicity.Material and Methods: We randomized HER2-positive (FISH+) breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node positive or high risk negative, to either standard AC (60/600 mg/m2 q3wk x4) followed by T (100 mg/m2 q3wk x 4) or two trastuzumab-containing regimens; AC followed by T with trastuzumab x 1 year or TCarbo (75 mg/m2/AUC6 q3wk x 6) with trastuzumab x 1 year. Patients were prospectively stratified by number of positive nodes (0, 1-3 vs 4+) and hormone receptor status. Patients with ER and/or PR positive (HR+) tumors received hormone-directed therapy for 5 yrs after chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS) with 80% power (0.05 significance level) to detect an absolute difference of 7%. Secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS) and safety, including cardiac toxicity (symptomatic events and asymptomatic LVEF decline). The first two protocol-specified analyses for this study were performed at 300 and 450 disease-related events. We now report the results of the third protocol-specified analysis conducted after 650 events, expected by end of June 2009.Results: A total of 3222 patients (1072 in AC-T, 1076 in AC-TH and 1074 in TCH) were recruited between April 2001 and March 2004. Baseline characteristics of the study population will be included. Cox analysis of DFS and OS (unadjusted and adjusted for nodal status) and cardiac toxicity data will be presented for the three treatment arms.Discussion: The results of this trial help define the role of trastuzumab in the breast cancer HER2-positive adjuvant setting, as well as the risks/benefits of adjuvant trastuzumab within the context of overall safety including cardiac toxicity. This latter objective is of particular importance given that many of these women may be cured of their disease in the adjuvant setting. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 62.
The extremely premature neonate: anticipating and managing care
Authors: N. K Yeaney, E. M Murdoch, C. C Lees
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>OBJECTIVE:</b> To present an unusual case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) in a a 33 year old. <b>BACKGROUND:</b> CJD is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy caused by accumulation of abnormal prion proteins in the brain. About 85% of cases are sporadic CJD (sCJD) with an unknown mechanism of transmission. The median age of onset for sCJD is 60. Over 400 cases of transmission via medical procedure have been identified worldwide. However only 6 via surgical instrumentation and none since the 1980s. A case control study comparing 753 sCJD patients and 210 controls found no difference in rates of neurosurgery. <b>DESIGN/METHODS:</b> Case report. <b>RESULTS:</b> A 33 year old male with ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placed at age 11 for hydrocephalus of unknown cause experienced progressive deficits over 3 months. Right arm paresthesias and myoclonus gradually spread to all limbs. MRI brain and c-spine were normal. CSF studies showed elevated protein. ESR, B12/MMA, folate, TSH, copper, ceruloplasmin, Lyme and RPR were all normal. He rapidly developed ataxia, aphasia and confusion. The patient was admitted for further evaluation. Family history was noncontributory. He took no medications. He did not smoke, drink or take drugs. He traveled to Mexico 3 years prior and England in 2002. Repeat DWI MRI showed shunt artifact and asymmetrical cortical ribbon hyperintensity. EEG showed generalized slowing and tri-phasic waveforms. CSF 14-3-3 was positive and Tau was elevated at 14,738 pg/mL (&lt;1150). A diagnosis of probable CJD was made and the patient was discharged to hospice. On autopsy, tissue was transmitted to the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center in Cleveland. Results were consistent with sCJD. <b>CONCLUSIONS:</b> This is an unusual presentation of sCJD as the patient is young. Although often considered as a cause of transmission of sCJD, surgical instrumentation is exceedingly rare. It is unlikely that this patient9s shunt placement was the source of his prion disease. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Tuck has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mass has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec as a speaker.
Targeted Cell Delivery Into Infarcted Rat Hearts by Retrograde Intracoronary Infusion: Distribution, Dynamics, and Influence on Cardiac Function
Authors: Ken Suzuki, Bari Murtuza, Satsuki Fukushima, Ryszard T. Smolenski, Anabel Varela-Carver, Steven R. Coppen, Magdi H. Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Intracoronary infusion for cell transplantation has potential advantages in disseminating cells globally into the myocardium with less injury over direct intramuscular injection. Arterial route, however, has a risk of coronary embolism and a limitation in cell delivery into ischemic or infarcted areas. We assessed the efficiency of retrograde intracoronary cell implantation into infarcted hearts using a novel rat model.After left coronary artery ligation in rat, a catheter was inserted into the left cardiac vein, which drains the left ventricular free wall. Through this, 1x10(6) skeletal muscle precursor cells expressing nuclear beta-galactosidase were infused retrogradely into the vein. In situ staining demonstrated that beta-galactosidase-expressing donor cells had disseminated throughout the left ventricular free wall, including both infarcted and surrounding border areas, at 10 minutes after infusion. At 28 days, in contrast, positively stained multinuclear myotubes were found in border zones, whereas no positive cells were seen in infarcted areas. Measurement of beta-galactosidase enzyme activity estimated that 29.8+/-6.9% of total infused cells were retained within the myocardium at 10 minutes and that this number decreased to 23.7+/-8.1% at 3 days but rapidly increased thereafter, reaching a plateau at 90.2+/-17.1% by 14 days. Echocardiography and Langendorff perfusion demonstrated that cell implantation improved cardiac function and dimensions by 28 days, compared with both sham-treated and phosphate-buffered saline-infused infarcted hearts, and this was associated with decreased collagen deposition.Retrograde intracoronary cell transplantation could provide an effective cell delivery into infarcted hearts and could be a useful strategy for treating myocardial infarction.
Down there--you know . . . whatchamacallit!
Authors: M. Berry
Journal: BMJ (2014)

It never ceases to amaze me how the words vulva and vagina make people’s toes curl. Female patients frequently use all sorts of euphemisms to describe their genitalia, implying some sense of shame associated with the anatomically correct terms. This leads me on to the medical profession and its collusion with this taboo surrounding the terminology of female genitalia. Moreover, the specialty expected to be the pioneers in appropriate nomenclature is probably one of the worst offenders: obstetrics. Conception­—that is, sex—and stages …
Life Events before the Onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: G.H.B. Baker
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1982)

All female patients seen at a rheumatological clinic within 1 year of the onset of rheumatoid arthritis were referred for psychiatric assessment. There was 1 refusal and 22 patients were seen by the author, a psychiatrist working in the Department of Rheumatology. Psychiatric assessment, combined with a brief survey of important life events in the year before the onset of symptoms, was compared with a similar assessment made on randomly selected age-matched well women, among whom there was also 1 refusal. 12 of the patients and 5 controls (p = 0.03) reported a bad relationship in childhood with their mothers. 15 patients reported life events in the year before the onset of the arthritis, compared to 8 controls in the matching year (p = 0.03). In 12 of these 15 patients and 3 of the controls the events were assessed as carrying moderate or considerable long-term emotional threat (p = 0.005). In 11 of these 12 patients the interval between the event and the onset was less than 3 months.
Essential fatty acids in the plasma phospholipids of patients with leprosy
Authors: STEVE WRIGHT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Plasma phospholipid essential fatty acids were investigated in 40 patients with leprosy and 40 controls. A significant reduction in linoleic acid was found in the leprosy patients, with an increase in its metabolite dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid. No difference was found between patients with multibacillary and paucibacillary leprosy. Patients treated for less than 6 months were found to have low levels of linoleic acid and high levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acid compared with patients treated for more than 6 months.
Rigorous science is needed to justify the centralisation of services
Authors: J. S. Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Simon Stevens’s address to the NHS Confederation stated the need for rigorous testing of new approaches to service delivery.1 In the same speech he also held up London’s reform of stroke services to justify the centralisation of services. His evidence was based on a before and after study showing a “12% reduction in death rates.”

The study compared outcomes for patients treated for …
Critical Resources for Gene Therapy in Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases Working Group
Authors: Savio L.C. Woo, Sonia I. Skarlatos, Mary M. Joyce, Thomas L. Croxton, Pankaj Qasba
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Gene therapy has tremendous potential to provide highly specific, safe, and effective treatments for many different diseases, ranging from single gene defects to complex conditions that are primarily due to environmental causes. Despite the conceptual simplicity of treating a disease state by altering the expression of a particular protein, progress in this field has been slow. Although much progress has been made in basic science research, the major bottleneck appears to be at the transition between basic science and human studies.
Mitigation of amphotericin B nephrotoxicity by mannitol.
Authors: J J Olivero, J Lozano-Mendez, E M Ghafary, G Eknoyan, W N Suki
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Renal transplant recipients are susceptible to a number of fungal infections amenable to therapy with amphotericin B, but azotaemia is an almost invariable sequel to the use of this agent. As intravenous mannitol has been shown to minimize nephrotoxicity induced by amphotericin B in dogs we treated four kidney transplant recipients who had systemic fungal infections with mannitol and amphotericin B. None showed significant reduction in renal function though a mild metabolic acidosis did develop.
Abstract PR01: Genome wide profiling reveals stimulus-specific functions of p53 in human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Abhinav K. Jain, Kadir C. Akdemir, Kendra Allton, Bruce Aronow, Xueping Xu, Austin J. Cooney, Wei Li, Michelle C. Barton
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract p53 is a critical guardian of somatic cells in the face of cellular stress and genomic challenges. Recent work shows that functions of transcription factor p53 go beyond its well-studied roles in tumor suppression. In addition to functions in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, p53 is a functional barrier to reprogramming adult cells into induced pluripotent (iPS) cells that are phenotypically similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells. How p53 is regulated and functions in stem cells, is poorly understood. Previously we have shown that p53 plays a significant role that depends on its transcriptional activity in early differentiation of human ES cells (hESCs), as induced in vitro by retinoic acid (RA). In order to delineate p53 transcriptional functions during differentiation and how p53 selectively responds to specific signals in hESCs we performed genome wide profiling of p53 chromatin interactions and target gene expression in hESCs in response to early differentiation or DNA damage. The majority of p53 binding sites is unique to each state and defines stimulus-specific p53 response in hESCs. p53 binding regions specific to differentiation significantly overlap with those of core-pluripotency factors OCT4 and NANOG. Differentiation-specific p53 targets are highly expressed, and include many developmental transcription factors, poised by OCT4/NANOG and bivalent histone marks (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) in pluripotent hESCs. Activation of poised genes during differentiation is associated with elimination of H3K27me3 marks, which is largely dependent on p53. During hESC differentiation, p53 interacts with H3K37me3 specific de-methylases (JMJD3 and UTX) that are enriched at the upstream regions of poised genes resulting in alteration of bivalent histone status and subsequent gene activation. These studies suggest that p53 plays essential roles in regulating epigenetic bivalency in ES cells. In contrast, genes associated with cell migration and motility are bound by p53 specifically after DNA damage. Surveillance functions of p53 in cell death and cell cycle regulation are conserved in both DNA damage and differentiation. Thus, our findings expand the registry of p53-regulated genes to define p53-mediated opposition to pluripotency during early differentiation, a process highly distinct from stress-induced p53 response in hESCs. This abstract is also presented as poster A68. Citation Format: Abhinav K. Jain, Kadir C. Akdemir, Kendra Allton, Bruce Aronow, Xueping Xu, Austin J. Cooney, Wei Li, Michelle C. Barton. Genome wide profiling reveals stimulus-specific functions of p53 in human embryonic stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr PR01.
Use impacts morphological representation
Authors: Joan Bybee
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The distinction between regular and irregular morphology is not clear-cut enough to suggest two distinct modular structures. Instead, regularity is tied directly to the type frequency of a pattern. Evidence from experiments as well as from naturally occurring sound change suggests that even regular forms have lexical storage. Finally, the development trajectory entailed by the dual-processing model is much more complex than that entailed by associative network models.