tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outcome of endoscopy and barium radiography for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: controlled trial in 1037 patients.
Authors: M W Dronfield, M J Langman, M Atkinson, T W Balfour, G D Bell, K D Vellacott, S S Amar, D R Knapp
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A study was conducted to find whether the higher diagnostic yield of endoscopy compared with barium radiography improves management or survival in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A total of 1037 patients were entered into a randomised study comparing the outcomes after each investigation. The diagnostic yield in patients who underwent endoscopy was 73% (382 of 526 cases) and in those examined by radiography 55% (280 of 511 cases). A fifth of the patients in the radiology group and a tenth of those in the endoscopy group subsequently underwent the alternative investigation; in most cases, however, no additional diagnostic information was obtained. Operation rates were similar in two groups, though patients in the endoscopy group were generally operated on sooner. Mortality rates were also similar in the two groups, though postoperative mortality was higher in the endoscopy group. Endoscopy may be a more accurate means of diagnosis than radiography, but it offers no short-term benefits in management.
Biotechnology — The Enormous Cost of Success
Authors: Russell F. Doolittle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The introduction 30 years ago of hemodialysis as a widely used treatment for renal disease began a classic cycle of good news and bad news. On the bright side, vast numbers of people with life-threatening kidney failure had their lives miraculously extended. Unhappily, many of them soon acquired severe anemia and were forced to depend on repeated transfusions for survival, inasmuch as the kidney — with its molecular-oxygen sensor and messenger system — regulates the number of red cells in addition to cleansing the blood of waste products. When the oxygen tension drops, erythropoietin is secreted by the kidney and . . .
The c-Myc Oncogene Directly Induces the H19 Noncoding RNA by Allele-Specific Binding to Potentiate Tumorigenesis
Authors: Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy, Suzanne K. Lau, Paul C. Boutros, Fereshteh Khosravi, Igor Jurisica, Irene L. Andrulis, Ming S. Tsao, Linda Z. Penn
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

The product of the MYC oncogene is widely deregulated in cancer and functions as a regulator of gene transcription. Despite an extensive profile of regulated genes, the transcriptional targets of c-Myc essential for transformation remain unclear. In this study, we show that c-Myc significantly induces the expression of the H19 noncoding RNA in diverse cell types, including breast epithelial, glioblastoma, and fibroblast cells. c-Myc binds to evolutionarily conserved E-boxes near the imprinting control region to facilitate histone acetylation and transcriptional initiation of the H19 promoter. In addition, c-Myc down-regulates the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), the reciprocally imprinted gene at the H19/IGF2 locus. We show that c-Myc regulates these two genes independently and does not affect H19 imprinting. Indeed, allele-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation and expression analyses indicate that c-Myc binds and drives the expression of only the maternal H19 allele. The role of H19 in transformation is addressed using a knockdown approach and shows that down-regulation of H19 significantly decreases breast and lung cancer cell clonogenicity and anchorage-independent growth. In addition, c-Myc and H19 expression shows strong association in primary breast and lung carcinomas. This work indicates that c-Myc induction of the H19 gene product holds an important role in transformation.
HCV RNA levels in a multiethnic cohort of injection drug users: Human genetic, viral and demographic associations
Authors: Lorenzo Uccellini, Fan-Chen Tseng, Alessandro Monaco, Fatma M. Shebl, Ruth Pfeiffer, Myhanh Dotrang, Dianna Buckett, Michael P. Busch, Ena Wang, Brian R. Edlin, Francesco M. Marincola, Thomas R. O'Brien
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

In patients with chronic hepatitis C, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA level is an important predictor of treatment response. To explore the relationship of HCV RNA with viral and demographic factors, as well as IL28B genotype, we examined viral levels in an ethnically diverse group of injection drug users (IDUs). Between 1998 and 2000, the Urban Health Study (UHS) recruited IDUs from street settings in San Francisco Bay area neighborhoods. Participants who were positive by HCV enzyme immunoassay were tested for HCV viremia by a branched-chain DNA assay. HCV genotype was determined by sequencing the HCV nonstructural 5B protein region. For a subset of participants, IL28B rs12979860 genotype was determined by Taqman. Among 1,701 participants with HCV viremia, median age was 46 years and median duration of injection drug use was 26 years; 56.0% were African American and 34.0% were of European ancestry (non-Hispanic). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) prevalence was 13.9%. The overall median HCV RNA level was 6.45 log 10 copies/mL. In unadjusted analyses, higher levels were found with older age, male gender, African-American ancestry, hepatitis B virus infection, HIV-1 infection, and IL28B rs12979860- CC genotype; compared to participants infected with HCV genotype 1, HCV RNA was lower in participants with genotypes 3 or 4. In an adjusted analysis, age, gender, racial ancestry, HIV-1 infection, HCV genotype, and IL28B rs12979860 genotype were all independently associated with HCV RNA. Conclusion : The level of HCV viremia is influenced by a large number of demographic, viral, and human genetic factors. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:86–94)
APPENDECTOMY THROUGH THE OPERATIVE WOUND FOR THE RADICAL CURE OF RIGHT INGUINAL HERNIA.
Authors: JOHN A. WYETH
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Four times within the last fifteen months, in operations for the radical cure of oblique inguinal hernia of the right side, the cecum and appendix were involved, and in these the appendix was removed. These cases presented no difficulty, so far as the appendectomy was concerned, for the reason that this organ had descended into the hernial sac. <h3>History.</h3> —On Oct. 7, 1906, I operated on a man suffering with a right oblique inguinal hernia, who also gave a history of three well-marked attacks of appendicitis of the relapsing type. I advised him to have this organ removed at the same operation in which the radical cure of the hernia was undertaken, as there were at this time no symptoms of disturbance about the appendix. <h3>Description of Operation.</h3> —Through the usual incision for the Bassini operation the sac was opened and a loop of small intestine returned to the abdominal
Inflammatory response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after inhaling histamine
Authors: M. Söderberg, R. Lundgren, L. Bjermer, N. Stjernberg, L. Rosenhall
Journal: Allergy (1989)

To examine the influence of the histamine chloride challenge test on the bronchoalveolar lavage cell population, lavage fluid from 15 subjects was collected 24 h after the histamine test, and was compared with the lavage fluid from a reference group of 25 subjects. Inhaled histamine is commonly used to quantitate non-specific bronchial responsiveness. Increase in airway responsiveness after exposure to ozone or allergen is associated with airway inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage, has therefore become a valuable tool in the study of bronchoalveolar cells and mediators in subjects with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The total cell number and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 24 h after inhalation challenge test with histamine-chloride were studied. There was a significant increase in lymphocytes, mast cells and neutrophils after histamine test. The conclusion was that inhaled histamine-chloride can induce an inflammatory cell response in the lung. Thus the histamine-chloride test should not be performed before bronchoalveolar lavage.
Treatment of haemodialysis-associated pseudoporphyria with <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine: report of two cases
Authors: J. Vadoud-Seyedi, G. De Dobbeleer, T. Simonart
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Treatment of haemodialysis‐associated pseudoporphyria with N‐acetylcysteine: report of two cases Get access J. Vadoud‐Seyedi, J. Vadoud‐Seyedi Department of Dermatology, Erasme University Hospital, 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. De Dobbeleer, G. De Dobbeleer Department of Dermatology, Erasme University Hospital, 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Simonart T. Simonart Department of Dermatology, Erasme University Hospital, 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 142, Issue 3, 1 March 2000, Pages 580–581, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03393.x Published: 01 March 2000
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) as an Adjunct to Autologous Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Lymphoma
Authors: Ranjana Advani, Nelson J. Chao, Sandra J. Horning, Karl G. Blume, David K. Ahn, Kathleen R. Lamborn, Nancy C. Fleming, Eric M. Bonnern, Peter L. Greenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To determine the hemopoietic effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients having autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation for Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. ▪Design: Placebo or GM-CSF was administered after bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation or both in a randomized, double-blind phase III trial by daily intravenous infusion (10 µg/kg body weight) until absolute neutrophil counts reached ≥ 1000/mm3 on 3 consecutive days. Setting: Bone marrow transplantation unit in a university hospital. ▪Patients: Sixty-nine consecutive patients with Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma received GM-CSF (36 patients) or placebo (33 patients). ▪Measurements and Main Results: Patients who received GM-CSF achieved absolute neutrophil counts 500/mm3 (median, 12 compared with 16 days, P = 0.02) and absolute neutrophil counts ≥ 1000/mm3 (median, 15 compared with 24 days, P< 0.001) more quickly than patients who received placebo. Multivariate analysis indicated that use of GM-CSF, peripheral blood stem cells, and unpurged bone marrow were the strongest predictors for early neutrophil recovery > 500/mm3. Bacterial infections were significantly reduced in the GM-CSF group (P = 0.04). Delayed engraftment (neutrophils < 500/mm3 at day 30) occurred in 26% and 17% of the placebo and GM-CSF groups, respectively, and correlated with the absence of detectable myeloid progenitor cells (colony-forming unitsgranulocyte macrophage, CFU-GM) (P < 0.001) in marrow aspirate specimens obtained on day 15. Time to platelet independence, duration of hospital stay, severe adverse reactions, relapse, and disease-free survival rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions: Administration of GM-CSF after autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with lymphoma resulted in accelerated myeloid recovery, particularly in patients who received peripheral blood stem cells and nonpurged bone marrow, and was associated with a decreased incidence of bacterial infections.
Wnt-Fzd Signaling Sensitizes Peripheral Sensory Neurons via Distinct Noncanonical Pathways
Authors: Manuela Simonetti, Nitin Agarwal, Sebastian Stösser, Kiran Kumar Bali, Emil Karaulanov, Rashmi Kamble, Blanka Pospisilova, Martina Kurejova, Walter Birchmeier, Christof Niehrs, Paul Heppenstall, Rohini Kuner
Journal: Neuron (2014)
A Profile of Methyl-CpG Binding Domain Protein Occupancy of Hypermethylated Promoter CpG Islands of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Cancer
Authors: Lidia Lopez-Serra, Esteban Ballestar, Mario F. Fraga, Miguel Alaminos, Fernando Setien, Manel Esteller
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) proteins have been shown to couple DNA methylation to transcriptional repression. This biological property suggests a role for MBD proteins in the silencing of tumor suppressor genes that are hypermethylated at their promoter CpG islands in cancer cells. Despite the demonstration of the presence of MBDs in the methylated promoter of several genes, we still ignore how general and specific is this association. Here, we investigate the profile of MBD occupancy in a large panel of tumor suppressor gene promoters and cancer cell lines. Our study shows that most hypermethylated promoters are occupied by MBD proteins, whereas unmethylated promoters are generally devoid of MBDs, with the exception of MBD1. Treatment of cancer cells with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine results in CpG island hypomethylation, MBD release, and gene reexpression, reinforcing the notion that association of MBDs with methylated promoters is methylation-dependent. Whereas several promoters are highly specific in recruiting a particular set of MBDs, other promoters seem to be less exclusive. Our results indicate that MBDs have a great affinity in vivo for binding hypermethylated promoter CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes, with a specific profile of MBD occupancy that it is gene and tumor type specific. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8342-6)
The GENCODE pseudogene resource
Authors: Baikang Pei, Cristina Sisu, Adam Frankish, Cédric Howald, Lukas Habegger, Xinmeng Jasmine Mu, Rachel Harte, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Andrea Tanzer, Mark Diekhans, Alexandre Reymond, Tim J Hubbard, Jennifer Harrow, Mark B Gerstein
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Pseudogenes have long been considered as nonfunctional genomic sequences. However, recent evidence suggests that many of them might have some form of biological activity, and the possibility of functionality has increased interest in their accurate annotation and integration with functional genomics data. As part of the GENCODE annotation of the human genome, we present the first genome-wide pseudogene assignment for protein-coding genes, based on both large-scale manual annotation and in silico pipelines. A key aspect of this coupled approach is that it allows us to identify pseudogenes in an unbiased fashion as well as untangle complex events through manual evaluation. We integrate the pseudogene annotations with the extensive ENCODE functional genomics information. In particular, we determine the expression level, transcription-factor and RNA polymerase II binding, and chromatin marks associated with each pseudogene. Based on their distribution, we develop simple statistical models for each type of activity, which we validate with large-scale RT-PCR-Seq experiments. Finally, we compare our pseudogenes with conservation and variation data from primate alignments and the 1000 Genomes project, producing lists of pseudogenes potentially under selection. At one extreme, some pseudogenes possess conventional characteristics of functionality; these may represent genes that have recently died. On the other hand, we find interesting patterns of partial activity, which may suggest that dead genes are being resurrected as functioning non-coding RNAs. The activity data of each pseudogene are stored in an associated resource, psiDR, which will be useful for the initial identification of potentially functional pseudogenes.
Perinatology Begins before Conception
Authors: Frederick Hecht, Martin L. Pernoll, Barbara Kaiser McCaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The liberalization of an abortion law in Oregon has resulted in the decline of fetal deaths and the prevention of maternal mortality. Since then the total population including that in the childbearing years has been steadily on the increase while the known conception rate has been decreasing by about 5% per year. While much progress has been made in identifying high-risk pregnancies and dealing more effectively with them, little progress has been made toward influencing events in the first half of pregnancy. Guerrero and Rojas have examined the outcome of pregnancy using basal temperature records to estimate ovulation time. Their findings have led to the belief that aging of sperm (before fertilization) or aging of eggs (before insemination) increases the probability of spontaneous abortion. In addition, overripeness may also lead to chromosomal abnormalities and to babies with Down's syndrome. However, proof is clearly lacking at this moment; careful testing is presently necessary. If proven true, prevention of such defects would be possible by educating people to juxtapose fertilization as close to ovulation time as possible.
IMPACT OF DISEASE ETIOLOGY ON AORTIC STIFFNESS DETERMINED BY CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE: A COHORT STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH AORTIC PATHOLOGY
Authors: Andrew To, Ruvin S. Gabriel, Zoran B. Popovic, Rahul Renapurkar, Michael Bolen, Scott D. Flamm, Brian P. Griffin, Milind Y. Desai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROGNOSIS OF PROVOKED AND UNPROVOKED PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM
Authors: Jae-Sun Uhm, Hae-Ok Jung, Chan-Joon Kim, Soo-Yeon Jung, Gee-Hee Kim, Suk-Min Seo, Woo-Baek Chung, Ho-Joong Youn, Ki-Bai Seung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Holding people indefinitely causes mental health problems
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Detainees held under current UK anti-terrorism laws have serious mental health problems that should be considered in the development of new legislation, warned a recent statement from the Royal College of Psychiatrists.

The college—the professional and educational body for psychiatrists in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland—issued the statement after the House of Lords ruled on 16 December 2004 that the current legislation under which detainees are held (the 2001 Anti-terrorism Crime and Security Act) was unlawful because indefinite detention without trial was incompatible with the Human Rights Act 1998.

After reviewing psychiatrists' reports on the detainees currently held under the 2001 anti-terrorism act, the college suggested …
Pancreatic Function Test in Patients with Billroth II Resection with the Aid of an Endoscope
Authors: F. Tympner, W. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (1974)

A new method is presented which allows quantitative pancreatic function test in patients with Billroth II resection. A lagerlöf tube and an endoscope with prograde optics is introduced without premedication and the tube placed into the afferent loop under visual control. The procedure was successfully applied in 12 patients in whom also retrograde pancreatography was tried. Comparison of the gained pancreatograms and the pancreatic secretion after secretin-pancreozymin stimulation showed that the function test is superior to radiology. Inactivity atrophy of the gland was not seen in healthy subjects.
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Heroin Intoxication
Authors: MOSHE LABI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The first six reported cases of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation secondary to heroin intoxication are described. In four patients rapid atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response was documented before therapy with nalorphine hydrochloride. Five out of six patients had documented reversion to regular sinus rhythm after a phase of coarse fibrillation with fast ventricular response. Experimental evidence is cited that heroin acting similarly to morphine, to which it is metabolized in the body, causes anoxia and an increase in vagal tone. These are synergistic in producing atrial fibrillation.
Anencephalic Infants as Sources for Organs: Gravity and the Steepness and Slipperiness of Slopes-Reply
Authors: D. Alan Shewmon
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The President's Commission<sup>1</sup>stated: "Obviously, slippery slope arguments must be very carefully employed lest they serve merely as an unthinking defense of the status quo.... Nevertheless, the Commission has found that [where] human life is at issue, valid concerns warrant being especially cautious before adopting any policy that weakens the protections against taking human life."<sup>1</sup>History reveals that the evolution of social mores has not always and everywhere been upward, and the systematic denial of all slippery slopes may facilitate an oblivious descent down one. A serious type of slippery slope is one where the role of gravity is played by the force of logic operating on some widely held fundamental premise(s); the lubricant is the susceptibility of an uninformed public to the influence of the generally sympathetic media; and the steepness is proportional to the arrogance with which the dominant sector of society assumes authority
Chronic dermal sinuses as a manifestation of histiocytosis X.
Authors: S H Sacks, I Hall, N Ragge, J Pritchard
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Two young patients presented with generalised lymphadenopathy, otorrhoea, otitis, and rash. Over the next few years chronically discharging sinuses began to form over enlarged nodes and histological appearances were typical of histiocytosis X. In neither case were micro-organisms isolated from the lesions, and in both patients healing occurred with immunosuppressive agents. Chronic dermal sinus formation secondary to lymph node disease has never before been recorded as a manifestation of histiocytosis X. Histiocytosis X should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of "suppurative" lymphadenopathy so that appropriate treatment may be given without delay.
DEATH IS NOT FOR THE YOUNG
Authors: Paul Dudley White
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Great interest today is justifiably directed to the promotion of advances in diagnostic technics and in medical and surgical treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which, in this country, and in many population groups in other countries all over the world, lead all other causes of death, involving many young and middle-aged persons as well as the old.  A recent editorial inThe Journal(Death Is Not Unannounced, 199 :210 [Jan 16] 1967) called attention to a step forward in the reduction of the hazard of sudden death in the intensive coronary care units of the hospitals of the country, a step worthy of adoption throughout the world. However, it remains true that a distressingly large number of acute coronary patients never reach any hospital at all.  All of our brilliant diagnostic and therapeutic triumphs, important and often spectacular as they are, actually deserve less priority in our investigations than the prevention
Cardiovascular disease in developing countries.
Authors: U Ravnskov
Journal: BMJ (1993)

general practice tutor who now visits and assesses practices applying to employ a retained doctor and who meets the retained doctors annually to assess whether their educational needs are being met.Toynton also recommends a system whereby retained doctors can be given a free pass for educational activities.At this postgraduate centre, and many others in this region, this has been the system for some time.Fees are charged only to doctors who require a postgraduate education allowance certificate.Doctors on the retainer scheme, and trainees, assistants, retired doctors, and anyone else who does not require a certificate, are welcome to contact our postgraduate administrator for details of our educational programmes, to which they will be admitted free of charge.